bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigenous sovereignty in digital territory: a qualitative study on land-based relations with #NativeTwitter
Authors: Caranto Morford Ashley , Ansloos Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

Technology scholars have often framed cyberspace as landless. Critical technology and Indigenous new media scholars have critiqued this approach, citing the land-based nature of Internet infrastructure. This study seeks to further develop the conceptual framework of Indigenous land-based relations through qualitative analysis of Indigenous language revitalization networks within Twitter. Using a thematic analysis approach, six key themes emerged: (a) Land-based cyber-pedagogy, (b) Rematriations of land-based relations in digital environments, (c) Digital bridges to homelands and lifeways, (d) Networked cultural navigation, (e) Settler colonialism in cyberspace, and (f) Indigenous digital sovereignty and cyber-justice. Implications for theory and practice in both new media studies and language revitalization are considered, with a focus on elucidating the land-based nature of the Internet, Indigenous people’s navigation of colonialism within the Internet, and the meaning of anti-colonial resistance in cyberspace.
Assessment of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgical Patients and Association Factors at Thu Duc District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2018
Authors: Van Tuong Phan , Xiem Chu Huyen , Anh Nguyen Chi , Quang La Ngoc
Published: July 2021

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is considered an important interventional tool for antimicrobial resistance. Guideline compliance was poor across different countries and this results in an inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics. The study was cross-sectional, combining qualitative and quantitative. The Research used the MOH’s Antibiotic Preventive Medicine Guidelines as the standard to verify surgical preventive treatment compliance from patient medical records. Research performed on 373 medical records with surgical indications. The study was conducted from January to June 2019. Data were entered using Epidata software and processed by SPSS software version 19.0. Analysis: calculating OR for related factors. The compliance rate of using prophylactic antibiotics was 83.1%. There is a relationship between the type of incision, the length of time surgery, and compliance with surgical prophylactic use of antibiotics ( P < .05). Barriers to adherence to prophylactic antimicrobial therapy include: overcrowding patients, health-care workers “broad-spectrum antibiotic use habits, and health-care workers” views on surgical and muscle environment, the material was not completely sterilized.
Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function among the Elderly in the Health and Social Centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem City (Morocco)
Authors: Talhaoui Abdeljalil , Aboussaleh Youssef , Ahami Ahmed , Sbaibi Rachid , Agoutim Naima , Rouim Fatima Zohra , Karjouh Khadija
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the link between the physical activity (PA) and cognitive function among the elderly in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco).

Materials and methods:

This study was conducted among 172 elderly (56.4% men) aged above 60 years (67.53 ± 7.53) in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Normal: MMSE’s score >24 and cognitive impairment (CI): MMSE’s score ⩽ 24). The physical activity (PA) was evaluated using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), ranking the elderly by high, moderate, and limited level of PA. The binary logistic regression was performed by the cognitive function (dependent variable), and PA level (independent variable).

Results:

The elderly people with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24 tend to practice less walking and cycling activities ( P  =  .005). However no difference was found between normal and cognitively impaired subjects for all other subtypes of PA ( P > .05). The binary logistic regression adjusted for gender, education, profession, pension, depression, and nutritional status reveled that only the moderate level of PA was a protective factor against cognitive impairment compared to limited level (ORa = 0.136, 95% CI: 0.04-0.41) (ORa: Adjusted Odd Ratio; 95% CI: 95% of Confidence Interval).

Conclusion:

Our finding demonstrates that moderate PA specially walking or cycling is associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment. This indicates that a regular practice of walking or cycling as PA can play an important role for cognitive impairment prevention. And the necessity for further researches to more understands this association.
A Case of Successfully Implanted Dual Chamber Pacemaker in a Young Patient with Dextrocardia and Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Bakalli Aurora , Jashari Imri , Krasniqi Xhevdet , Spahiu Lidvana
Published: July 2021

Dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly, whereas its association with sick sinus syndrome in young adults without accompanying heart abnormalities is exceptional. We report a case of a 38 year old female patient who was admitted to our hospital due to syncope as a consequence of sinus pauses up to 4.9 seconds. She was also diagnosed with situs inversus totalis, with mirror image dextrocardia. Pacemaker implantation was indicated. Under local anesthesia, from the left subclavian vein, the guide wire was passed through superior vena cava to the right atrium and ventricle without any obstacles. In conclusion, situs inversus totalis with mirror image dextrocardia may present in combination with sick sinus syndrome as early as the fourth decade of life. Implantation of pacemaker leads from the left subclavian vein appears accessible and safe in patients with dextrocardia with situs inversus (mirror image).
Tribo-mechanism analysis of epoxidized Putranjiva oil (Putranjiva roxburghii) and understanding lubricity with silicon oxide nanoparticle addition
Authors: Singh Yashvir , Singh Nishant K , Sharma Abhishek , Badhotiya Gaurav K
Published: July 2021

Chemical degradation is a critical matter related to synthetic oil. Putranjiva oil has the potency to be a synthetic oil alternative and is readily accessible in India. During this research, the oil was epoxidized to strengthen the oxidation stability of the Putranjiva oil. In addition, silicon dioxide nanoparticles have been introduced into chemically synthesized Putranjiva oil in a proportion that is tribologically assessed. The test was conducted using a pin on a disk tribometer, taking into account various conditions. Depending upon the specified concentration of silicon oxide nanoparticles, blends of lubricating oil nanoparticles have been distributed equally via the ultrasonication process. The different proportions of silicon dioxide nanoparticles were added to the chemically modified Putranjiva oil and tested for tribo-mechanism. Throughout the flow functioning review, all lubricant specimens demonstrate Newtonian characteristics by showing a direct correlation between shear rate and shear stress. Under the context of the exploration, a 0.6% magnitude of silicon oxide nanoparticles showed a decrease in the coefficient of friction and the wear rate. The scanning electron microscope pictures display improved surfaces immediately after the nanoparticle has been applied up to 0.6% concentration that was because of adhesion impact. The optimum level application was observed at 0.6% concentration to the epoxidized oil.
Indentation behavior of cellulosic fibers/fly ash-incorporated polymer composites at sub-micron scale
Authors: Biswas Bhabatosh , Mukherjee Nillohit , Sinha Arijit
Published: July 2021

Chemically treated short cellulosic fibers (jute and sisal) reinforced heat-treated silanized fly ash-dispersed hybrid polymer composites were synthesized by a compression molding technique. The 35 wt.% filler loading unsaturated polyester matrix-based composites were fabricated. The mechanical behavior of the unsaturated polyester matrix and unsaturated polyester-based composites was successfully assessed at the sub-micron length scale using the nanoindentation or depth-sensing instrumented indentation technique. It was observed that along with filler addition, the mechanical properties at the sub-micron scale improved significantly. A successful attempt to investigate the effect of filler inclusion within the unsaturated polyester matrix through various nanoindentation-derived parameters, namely, nanohardness, reduced modulus, elastic recovery, residual depth, wear rate as well the dynamic mechanical properties was also executed in the current investigation.
Longitudinal follow-up of serum biomarkers in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Lee Eun-Jae , Kim Seungmi , Choi Lyn-Kyung , Kim Hyun-Ji , Kim Hye Weon , Chung Kyuyoon , Seo Dayoung , Moon Seongshin , Kim Kwang-Kuk , Lim Young-Min
Published: July 2021

Background:

Recently, several serum biomarkers have been proposed in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) to monitor disease activity.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to evaluate the longitudinal clinical value of serum biomarkers in patients with NMOSD.

Methods:

We prospectively recruited consecutive NMOSD patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and obtained serum samples at enrollment, after 6–12 months of follow-up (main period), and at attacks. Using single-molecule array assays, we evaluated longitudinal changes of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and GFAP/NfL levels.

Results:

Overall, 64 patients (58 women) were enrolled (age: 51 years, disease duration: 6.7 years) and 133 samples were obtained. Among patients who did not develop new attacks during the main period ( n = 62), serum levels of NfL, GFAP, and GFAP/NfL were significantly decreased over time in patients with attacks (<2 months) at enrollment ( n = 14 (23%)), whereas serum NfL and GFAP levels gradually increased in the others ( n = 48 (77%)). During the study, five (8%) patients developed new attacks; only serum GFAP levels increased consistently upon these events compared with baseline levels. To differentiate attacks from remissions, serum GFAP levels showed the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.876, 95% confidence interval: 0.801–0.951).

Conclusion:

Among NfL, GFAP, and GFAP/NfL, serum GFAP might be the most appropriate for monitoring NMOSD longitudinally, which warrants future confirming studies.
Performance validity in outpatients with multiple sclerosis and cognitive complaints
Authors: Nauta IM , Bertens D , van Dam M , Huiskamp M , Driessen S , Geurts JJG , Uitdehaag BMJ , Fasotti L , Hulst HE , de Jong BA , Klein M
Published: July 2021

Background:

Suboptimal performance during neuropsychological assessment renders cognitive test results invalid. However, suboptimal performance has rarely been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives:

To investigate potential underlying mechanisms of suboptimal performance in MS.

Methods:

Performance validity testing, neuropsychological assessments, neuroimaging, and questionnaires were analyzed in 99 MS outpatients with cognitive complaints. Based on performance validity testing patients were classified as valid or invalid performers, and based on neuropsychological test results as cognitively impaired or preserved. Group comparisons and correlational analyses were performed on demographics, patient-reported, and disease-related outcomes.

Results:

Twenty percent displayed invalid performance. Invalid and valid performers did not differ regarding demographic, patient-reported, and disease-related outcomes. Disease severity of invalid and valid performers with cognitive impairment was comparable, but worse than cognitively preserved valid performers. Lower performance validity scores related to lower cognitive functioning, lower education, being male, and higher disability levels ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Suboptimal performance frequently occurs in patients with MS and cognitive complaints. In both clinical practice and in cognitive research, suboptimal performance should be considered in the interpretation of cognitive outcomes. Identification of factors that differentiate between suboptimal and optimal performers with cognitive impairment needs further exploration.
Food insecurity is associated with serious psychological distress among low-income California adults
Authors: Joseph Colleen , Feiner Christina , Leung Cindy W
Published: July 2021

This study examined differences in the associations between food insecurity and serious psychological distress (SPD) by key sociodemographic factors in a population-based sample of low-income adults from the 2017 California Health Interview Survey ( n = 6266). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, low food security, and very low food security were both positively associated with SPD among all low-income adults. Upon stratification, these associations were most pronounced among adults under age 50, males, and in adults with children. Understanding disparities in the associations between food insecurity and psychological distress is critical in developing effective programs or policies to target the most vulnerable sub-groups.
From high camp to post-modern camp: Queering post-Soviet pop music
Authors: Brock Maria , Miazhevich Galina
Published: July 2021

This article examines the post-Soviet transformations of Russian popular music culture ( Estrada), arguing that its aesthetics can be analysed from the perspective of camp, by looking at two cult music performers bridging the Soviet and post-Soviet realm – Valery Leontiev and Filipp Kirkorov. The analysis is grounded in a close reading of the artists’ career trajectories, selected videos and – to a lesser extent – textual analysis of their lyrics and public statements. The article argues that their performative personas are rooted in a particular version of camp with differing modalities of subversiveness – each responding both to their respective cultural and political climates, audience expectations, and also in accordance with their individual embodiments of (post)-Soviet camp. While Leontiev demonstrates a more earnest commitment to high drama, Kirkorov continues his ironic experimentation with transgression, ambiguity and excess, thereby participating in the queering of post-Soviet popular culture. The article concludes that their appropriation of camp is strategic, as it responds to the temporal, national and global trends such as global gay culture and neo-camp in Russia.
The increasing significance of disease severity in a burden of disease framework
Authors: Wyper Grant M.A. , Assuncao Ricardo , Fletcher Eilidh , Gourley Michelle , Grant Ian , Haagsma Juanita A. , Hilderink Henk , Idavain Jane , Lesnik Tina , von der Lippe Elena , Majdan Marek , Mccartney Gerry , Santric-Milicevic Milena , Pallari Elena , Pires Sara M. , Plass Dietrich , Porst Michael , Santos João V. , de Haro Moro Maria Teresa , Stockton Diane L. , Devleesschauwer Brecht
Published: July 2021

Recent estimates have reiterated that non-fatal causes of disease, such as low back pain, headaches and depressive disorders, are amongst the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). For these causes, the contribution of years lived with disability (YLD) – put simply, ill-health – is what drives DALYs, not mortality. Being able to monitor trends in YLD closely is particularly relevant for countries that sit high on the socio-demographic spectrum of development, as it contributes more than half of all DALYs. There is a paucity of data on how the population-level occurrence of disease is distributed according to severity, and as such, the majority of global and national efforts in monitoring YLD lack the ability to differentiate changes in severity across time and location. This raises uncertainties in interpreting these findings without triangulation with other relevant data sources. Our commentary aims to bring this issue to the forefront for users of burden of disease estimates, as its impact is often easily overlooked as part of the fundamental process of generating DALY estimates. Moreover, the wider health harms of the COVID-19 pandemic have underlined the likelihood of latent and delayed demand in accessing vital health and care services that will ultimately lead to exacerbated disease severity and health outcomes. This places increased importance on attempts to be able to differentiate by both the occurrence and severity of disease.
Labour market status and depression in Russia: A longitudinal study, 2011–2017
Authors: Kaneva Maria , Gerry Christopher J.
Published: July 2021

Aims:

This is the first longitudinal study to examine the relationship between depression and the labour market in Russia. Using data from 2011 to 2017, we identify the impact that not being in employment has on mental distress, and we explore the mechanism underlying the observed association.

Methods:

Using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics, we employ random-effects regression models to estimate the impact of employment conditions on the likelihood of reporting mental distress in Russia. This method allows us to distinguish between the selection effect associated with mental distress and direct causation.

Results:

Controlling for a range of socio-economic and demographic characteristics, we find that unemployment and labour market inactivity are strong predictors of the likelihood of reporting depression and serious nervous breakdown. However, we find that rather than negative labour market events giving rise to mental distress, the selection effect actually dominates, and the direction of causality therefore operates in reverse.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of the underlying mechanism that links unfavourable labour market outcomes with mental distress is crucial for designing policies that can address this link. We argue that our findings provide grounds for the initiation of anti-stigma campaigns among employers, policymakers, health practitioners and politicians as well as the general population. Eradication of the perception that mental disorders are somehow different to ‘real’ illnesses will not only prevent Russians from self-selection into unemployment but may also transform outdated approaches to mental health care in Russia.
High excess deaths in Sweden during the first wave of COVID-19: Policy deficiencies or ‘dry tinder’?
Authors: Rizzi Silvia , Søgaard Jes , Vaupel James W.
Published: July 2021

Aims:

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden registered a high level of excess deaths. Non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by Sweden have been milder compared to those implemented in Denmark. Moreover, Sweden might have started the pandemic with a large proportion of vulnerable elderly with a high mortality risk. This study aimed to clarify whether excess mortality in Sweden can be explained by a large stock of ‘dry tinder’ instead of being attributed to faulty lockdown policies.

Methods:

We analysed weekly death counts in Sweden and Denmark from July 2007 to June 2020. We used a novel method for short-term mortality forecasting to estimate expected and excess deaths during the first COVID-19 wave in Sweden and Denmark.

Results:

In the first part of the epiyear 2019–2020, deaths were low in both Sweden and Denmark. In the absence of COVID-19, a relatively low level of death would be expected for the later part of the epiyear. The registered deaths were, however, way above the upper bound of the prediction interval in Sweden and within the range in Denmark.

Conclusions:

‘Dry tinder’ can only account for a modest fraction of excess Swedish mortality. The risk of death during the first COVID-19 wave rose significantly for Swedish women aged >85 but only slightly for Danish women aged >85. The risk discrepancy seems more likely to result from differences between Sweden and Denmark in how care and housing for the elderly are organised, coupled with a less successful Swedish strategy of shielding the elderly.
Compliance with recommendations limiting COVID-19 contagion among university students in Sweden: associations with self-reported symptoms, mental health and academic self-efficacy
Authors: Berman Anne H. , Bendtsen Marcus , Molander Olof , Lindfors Petra , Lindner Philip , Granlund Lilian , Topooco Naira , Engström Karin , Andersson Claes
Published: July 2021

Aims:

The COVID-19 containment strategy in Sweden uses public health recommendations relying on personal responsibility for compliance. Universities were one of few public institutions subject to strict closure, meaning that students had to adapt overnight to online teaching. This study investigates the prevalence of self-reported recommendation compliance and associations with self-reported symptoms of contagion, self-experienced effects on mental health and academic self-efficacy among university students in Sweden in May–June 2020.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional 23 question online survey in which data were analysed by multinomial regression, taking a Bayesian analysis approach complemented by null hypothesis testing.

Results:

A total of 4495 students consented to respond. Recommendation compliance ranged between 70% and 96%. Women and older students reported higher compliance than did men and younger students. Mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms were reported by 30%, severe symptoms by fewer than 2%; 15% reported being uncertain and half of the participants reported no symptoms. Mental health effects were reported by over 80%, and changes in academic self-efficacy were reported by over 85%; in both these areas negative effects predominated. Self-reported symptoms and uncertainty about contagion were associated with non-compliance, negative mental health effects, and impaired academic self-efficacy.

Conclusions:

Students generally followed public health recommendations during strict closure of universities, but many reported considerable negative consequences related to mental health and academic self-efficacy. Digital interventions should be developed and evaluated to boost coping skills, build resilience and alleviate student suffering during the pandemic and future similar crises.
Development and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced microwave sintered hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites: An experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological performances
Authors: Kumar Rajat , Bhowmick Hiralal , Gupta Dheeraj , Bansal Sandeep
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, scientists and engineers are coming together enthusiastically to develop superior lightweight materials for tribological applications, such as hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites for the internal combustion engine components. In the present study, hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite has been fabricated with A390 (Al–Si) as the matrix material and SiC (15 wt%) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (0.5 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.5 wt%) as hybrid reinforcements, by following the microwave sintering route (2.45 GHz, 900 W). Microstructure and porosity of fabricated hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite has been characterized using micrographs of the scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. This is followed by the Vickers hardness characterization and composition analysis by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Thereafter, a comprehensive tribological investigation is carried out for A390, Al + 15% SiC, Al + 15% SiC + 0.5% MWCNT, Al + 15% SiC + 1.5% MWCNT, and Al + 15% SiC + 2.5% MWCNT. The present study reveals that the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in microwave sintered aluminum metal matrix composite has a significant effect on wear resistance and frictional response.
Blaming me, blaming you! The pendulum of blame in payday lending
Authors: Brown Jane , Apostolidis Chrysostomos , Farquhar Jillian Dawes
Published: July 2021

Following a negative service experience, existing studies assert that consumers attribute blame either internally (self-blame) or externally (other-blame) with little indication that the attribution ever changes. This study explores blame to discover whether there are changes in attribution, specifically whether it may shift from self to other. Analysing qualitative data from borrowers in the payday lending market using I-/They-poems, this study finds firstly that blame oscillates between self and other and, secondly, that payday borrowers practice counterfactual thinking to alleviate negative emotions, which in turn prompts this blame oscillation. In revealing that blame attribution can act as a pendulum oscillating between self and other, this study makes a critical advance to existing blame research. The study also supports previous studies in I-/They-poems in uncovering novel insights into consumer theory. Evidence also emerges that the neoliberal view of the ‘empowered consumer’ interacts with the more traditional, organisation-oriented perspective, as from a consumer behaviour perspective, the attempts to improve psychological well-being and the oscillation of blame contribute to shifts in the perceived power in the loan market.
The effect of different compatibilizers on the properties of prepared poly(lactic acid)/polyurethane nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Yilmaz Sema Samatya , Aytac Ayse
Published: July 2021

In this study, the poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polyurethane (PU) nonwoven mats have been successfully fabricated by electrospinning from PLA/PU (50:50 w/w) blended solutions with/without compatibilizer. The influence of the compatibilizers which are called POSS Amic Acid Isobutyl (AAI), Tetra Silanol Phenyl POSS (TSP) and Joncryl (JO) on the characteristic properties of PLA/PU nanofibers has been investigated. The types of compatibilizer used in this paper were studied for the first time in the literature for PLA/PU blend nanofibers. The nanofibers were characterized with scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle test, and mechanical analysis. The electrospun mat which has the smoothest fiber surfaces, thinnest fiber diameter with 812 nm and a superhydrophobic surface structure with an angle of 154° was obtained by using AAI. The fabricated nanofiber by using JO has been seen having the highest strength value with 3.5 MPa and the highest crystallinity ratio with 20.1%. The highest elongation value with 51.9% was obtained for the nanofiber by using TSP. When the 5% weight loss temperature value of all PLA/PU nanofibers was compared, it was noted that the JO added nanofiber has the highest temperature durability with 292.16 °C. Also, the Tm value of all PLA/PU nanofibers has been resulted at about 155 °C like of pure PLA nanofiber. It is expected that thin and flexible biodegradable PLA/PU nanofibers with good physical and mechanical properties can be used in areas such as water repellent coating material, food packaging.
Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts versus expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for infrainguinal bypass surgery. A single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: van de Laar Bart CT , van Heusden Hugo C , Pasker-de Jong Pieternel CM , van Weel Vincent
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of Omniflow II biosynthetic vascular grafts as compared to synthetic expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts in infrainguinal bypass surgery.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective, observational study was performed reviewing patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent infrainguinal bypass surgery between 2014 and 2018. Patients characteristics, graft characteristics, and treatment outcomes were collected. Patency rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results:

Sixty bypasses were performed in 57 patients. For above-knee surgery, six were Omniflow and 13 were synthetic. For below-knee surgery, 19 were Omniflow and 22 were synthetic. Patient characteristics between groups were similar. However, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification scores were higher in the Omniflow group as compared to ePTFE (88% was ASA 3 or higher versus 60%; p = 0.018). Furthermore, wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI) composite scores were higher in the Omniflow group ( p = 0.0001). There was a trend toward more active infection at time of surgery in the Omniflow group (40 vs 22.9%, p = 0.15). At 1 year, primary patency rates were 60.0% versus 46.9% for above-knee Omniflow versus ePTFE grafts, respectively ( p = 0.72). Secondary patency rates were 80.0% versus 82.5% ( p = 0.89), and limb salvage rates were 83.3% versus 100% ( p = 0.14). For below-knee surgery, 1- and 2-year primary patency rates in Omniflow versus ePTFE grafts were 36.0% versus 41.8% ( p = 0.60) and 36.0% versus 31.1% ( p = 0.87). Secondary patency rates were 66.8% versus 75.2% at 1 year ( p = 0.53) and 58.8% versus 48.3% ( p = 0.77) at 2 years. Below-knee limb salvage rates for Omniflow versus ePTFE after 2 years were 88.0% versus 68.3% ( p = 0.28), respectively. Aneurysmal degeneration occurred in 2/25 (8%) in the Omniflow group and 0/35 (0%) in the ePTFE group. Bypass infections occurred in 2/25 (8%) in the Omniflow group and 0/35 (0%) in the ePTFE group ( p = 0.09).

Conclusion:

Omniflow bypasses were more commonly implanted in patients with higher limb infection rate as confirmed with a higher adapted WIfI score. A trend toward a higher infection rate of Omniflow grafts was observed but not statistically significant. Graft infection rates were relatively low and treatable with antibiotics. No significant difference in graft performance was observed. The choice between the two studied grafts remains based on surgeon’s preference.
Adaptation of leadership competence to climate change education: Conceptual foundations, validation, and applications of a new measure
Authors: Wu Jing , Otsuka Yoshiki
Published: July 2021

A nine-item measure is constructed to assess leadership competence in climate change in adolescents. Reliability and validity are statistically verified via Cronbach’s alpha, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and Bartlett’s test, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, based on data of 624 students from Shanghai. The measure reflects internal consistency, factorial structure, and validity with Cronbach’s reliability coefficient of 0.84 on the whole. Test of measurement invariance indicates the measure’s sufficient stability with both calibration and validation samples. To represent its utility, this measure has been successfully applied to an empirical test. The results reveal differences between the genders, with female students’ leadership competence in climate change significantly higher than the males; positive associations between leadership competence in climate change, self-reported pro-climate behavior, and certain life experience have also been found, confirming our theoretical hypotheses. To conclude, the measure proves to be an empirically valid instrument that could help climate change educators measure leadership competence in climate change in adolescents through teaching and learning and hopefully cultivate more youth leadership in the context of climate change. Recommendations for application and future research are discussed.
Insulin Dose Adjustment Following Bariatric Surgery, a Review of Available Literature
Authors: Kassel Lynn E. , Berei Jessica J. , Pitlick Jamie M. , Rand Joel E.
Published: July 2021

Bariatric surgery is a known and effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and exogenous insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus require adjusted insulin dosing after surgery to avoid hypoglycemia. This review describes insulin dose adjustments following a variety of bariatric procedures. After searching the available literature and assessing for eligibility, 8 articles were included. The Johns Hopkins Research Evidence Appraisal Tool for literature appraisal was used. The results of this review reveal insulin dose adjustment varies based upon surgical procedure type and time of follow-up from the procedure.
Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils Extracted From Juniperus Species, Growing Spontaneously in Tebessa Region (East of Algeria)
Authors: Boudiba Sameh , Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Berka Baya , Hanini Karima , Hioun Soraya , Allaf Karim , Boudiba Louiza , Ceylan Ozgur
Published: July 2021

The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the aerial parts of 2 species of Juniperus was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 65 and 58 compounds accounting for 90.3% and 89.8% of the whole chemical composition of Juniperus oxycedrus (JO) and Juniperus phoenicea (JP) were identified, respectively, with α-pinene, α-amorphene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, and β-elemene, as major components. For the first time, the capacity to inhibit quorum-sensing for Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and CV12472 by the investigated EOs was evaluated. Both oils exhibited good violacein inhibition on CV12472 with 100.0 ± 0.0% inhibition at minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values. Besides, the quorum-sensing inhibition of CV026 was high at MIC for JO essential oil from fruits (JOF, 16.3 ± 2.0 mm), JO leaves (JOL, 12.5 ± 3.5 mm), JP fruits (JPF, 19.7 ± 2.5 mm), and JP leaves (JPL, 21.1 ± 5.0 mm). On both CV12472 and CV026, essential oil from J. phoenicea leaves was the most active inhibitor. All investigated EOs inhibited swarming motilities in flagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) in a concentration-dependent manner, and those from JP were more active than EOs from JO. Moreover, these EOs showed good antioxidant potential according to DPPH● and FRAP methods, especially the EO from JO leaves with an IC50 DPPH● inhibition value of 20.2 ± 1.0 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, the investigated EOs are good candidates to combat microbial resistance be used as alternatives to conventional antibiotics, and equally find applications in food biosafety as preservatives.
An Extrapolation of the Stereotype Content Model to University Lecturers
Authors: Chisango Tadios , Muridzo Noel Garikai , Mafa Itai , Khombo Sibusiso
Published: July 2021

We extrapolated the stereotype content model to the perception of university lecturers by their students. Specifically, using a sample of Zimbabwean students, we tested whether lecturers fall into different clusters in reflection to the degree to which they are perceived as high or low on competence: (1) high competence-high warmth, (2) high competence-low warmth, (3) low competence-high warmth, and (4) low warmth-low competence. We also tested whether lecturers elicit different emotions and whether they are evaluated differently, depending on the clusters they fall into on the competence-warmth nexus. The findings were largely in line with the above hypotheses.
Bioactive refinement for endosaccular treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Szatmary Zoltan , Mounier Jérémy , Janot Kevin , Cortese Jonathan , Couquet Claude , Chaubet Frédéric , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Bardet Sylvia M , Mounayer Charbel , Rouchaud Aymeric
Published: July 2021

Endovascular treatment is the first-line therapy for most intracranial aneurysms; however, recanalisation remains a major limitation. Developments in bioengineering and material science have led to a novel generation of coil technologies for aneurysm embolisation that address clinical challenges of aneurysm recurrence. This review presents an overview of modified surface coil technologies and summarises the state of the art regarding their efficacy and limitations based on experimental and clinical results. We also present potential perspectives to develop biologically optimised devices.
A pragmatic attitude: The right to silence in the Netherlands
Authors: ter Vrugt Peggy
Published: July 2021

This article examines the workings of the right to silence in a system, which retains a large number of the original ‘inquisitorial’ elements. The right to remain silent was and is a highly contested issue in the Netherlands, which is reflected in the fragmented and often contradictory nature of the respective legal provisions. The Netherlands has diligently implemented the relevant EU Directives and the ECtHR case law in legislation and/or through case law, including the case law on adverse inferences. However, tensions with the right to silence arise indirectly through legislative provisions and case law. Relevant examples are the provisions on interrogative pressure, on the use of suspects’ statements made before invoking the right to silence and on the provision of access to digital data (such as phone passwords) by suspects for the purposes of investigation.
Globalization and the political economy of Asia
Authors: Inoguchi Takashi
Published: July 2021

In the third millennium, the rebalancing between the West and the East has been evolving steadily. Not only demographically but also in terms of gross national product, foreign trade and weapons accumulation, Asia’s stride has been phenomenal. Underlying these changes are technological advances in the communications and manufacturing industries. This review article summarizes and reflects on some of the latest books in Asian political economy and argues for the need to probe more microscopically into the Asian domestic political economy from a comparative perspective.
Before and After Prohibition: Parental Communication and Modeling Associated With Emerging Adult Recreational Marijuana Attitudes and Use
Authors: Lyons Courtney E. , Evans William P. , Yang Yueran
Published: July 2021

Researchers have begun examining changes in recreational marijuana use among emerging adults (EAs), however, no studies have examined the influence of parents on EA children’s marijuana use due to legalization. We sought to address this gap by using a 2019 cross-sectional online survey of 404 EA students (18–25 years; M = 20.7, SD = 1.9) about their behavioral observations and conversations with parents regarding recreational marijuana legalization in a western U.S. state. Significant increases in reports of parent communication and observed use, as well as EA attitudes and use were found post-legalization. Evaluation of two structural equation models (with configural invariance versus construct-level metric invariance) suggest that the more constrained model did not fit worse and that the relationships between parent communication and modeling are significantly related to EA attitudes and use pre- and post-legalization. Results indicate that parental socialization plays an important role in recreational marijuana attitudes and use among EA children.
Presence and Severity of Mental Illness Is Associated With Increased Risk of Postoperative Emergency Visits, Readmission, and Reoperation Following Outpatient ACDF: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Kamalapathy Pramod N. , Wang Kevin Y. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Raad Micheal , Hassanzadeh Hamid
Published: July 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

The purpose was to compare rates of postoperative ED visits, readmission, and reoperation between patients with and without preexisting mental illness undergoing outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods:

A retrospective review of the Mariner Database was conducted on patients who underwent ACDF between 2010 and 2017. Exclusion criteria included same day revision surgery and patients with a history of spine infection, trauma, or neoplasm. Patients were grouped into 3 categories: those with existing history of anxiety and/or depression, those with severe mental illness, and those without any history of mental illness. Severe mental illness was defined as a combination of diagnosis including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or psychotic disorder. Outcome measures were analyzed by comparing groups using multivariate logistic regression. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Patients with anxiety/depression and patients with severe mental illness both had significantly increased risk of ED visits and readmission at 30-day and 90-day intervals. Compared to patients without mental illness, patients with severe mental illness (OR 1.93, P < 0.001) had significantly increased rates of reoperation at 90-days and 1-years postoperatively. Patients with anxiety/depression did not have increased rates of reoperation relative to patients without anxiety/depression at any time interval ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Anxiety/depression as well as more severe psychiatric disease such as Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder were significantly associated with increased healthcare utilization following outpatient ACDF. Patients with preexisting mental illness undergoing outpatient ACDF should be carefully evaluated preoperatively and closely followed postoperatively to reduce risk of adverse events.
Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
Authors: Fan Junjun , Liu Tao , Dong Xin , Sun Siguo , Zhang Hongtao , Yang Chunbao , Yin Xin , Liao Bo , Li Xiaoxiang
Published: July 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, during the perioperative period on vertebral body bone mineral density (BMD) after spinal fusion surgery in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods:

The medical records of postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis who underwent instrumented intervertebral fusion for lumbar degenerative disease between July 2016 and May 2018 were reviewed. Patients with comorbidities or condition which might affect bone metabolism were excluded. Forty-six patients did not receive anti-osteoporosis treatment before surgery and during the postoperative follow-up (untreated group). Another 46 patients who was treated with zoledronic acid perioperatively were matched for age and body mass index to patients in the untreated group. Preoperative and postoperative dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) records and lumbar BMD values of the involved spinal segments and of the cephalad levels, as well as of the femoral neck were recorded.

Results:

A significant decrease of cephalad vertebral BMD values was observed in the untreated group (-11.47%, P < 0.001), with a slight decrease of the femoral neck (-1.28%, P > 0.05). Zoledronic acid prevented rapid bone loss after instrumented intervertebral fusion surgery, with a bone loss in the cephalad levels of -0.76 ± 4.71% compared to -11.47 ± 16.45% in the untreated group ( P < 0.001). while the change in BMD of the femoral neck in the treated group was 1.52 ± 5.88% compared to -1.28 ± 6.58% in the untreated group ( P = 0.036).

Conclusions:

Perioperative zoledronic acid treatment may offer protection against a significant decrease in BMD of cephalad vertebrae after spinal fusion surgery among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Effect of flushing temperature on preparation ability of rotary nickel-titanium files
Authors: Chai Guangquan , Guo Ziyan , Wang Yingdi , Li Yanfeng , Wang Jing , Zhang Lu , Sun Yidan , Yang Chunhao , Xia Dong , Shi Tingting
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

The effect of flushing at different temperatures on the preparation ability of rotary nickel-titanium files was investigated to provide guideline for clinical application.

Methods:

Sixty ProTaper Universal F1 rotary nickel-titanium files were randomly divided into three groups treated by flushing at 6°C, 23°C, and 40°C. Root canal preparation was conducted by step-by-step method on standardized nickel-titanium instrument fracture models. During preparation, the thrust force was set as 10 N, and water was continuously flushed. The motor speed was 350 rpm (rounds per minute), and the torque was 3.0 N cm. When the set torque was reached, the motor automatically rotated in the reverse direction and was pulled out.

Results:

Root canal preparation was performed using ProTaper Universal F1 rotary nickel-titanium files treated by flushing. The numbers of rotations before the device was fracture were 429.33 ± 214.68, 821.92 ± 410.43, and 1304.92 ± 297.81, respectively. When each root canal was completed, the numbers of instrument rotations were 272.15 ± 88.30, 188.85 ± 34.36, and 163.41 ± 16.18, respectively. Rank sum test and analysis of variance were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 software, and both of them were p < 0.01, indicating that the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and the number of instrument rotations for each root tube were statistically different at the three temperatures.

Conclusions:

The self-made resin-simulated curved root canal can replace the real root canal to complete the root canal preparation experiment. The group of nickel-titanium files treated by flushing at 23°C can prepare more root canals and prolong the life of nickel-titanium files than at 6°C. When flushing was done at 40°C, the number of root canals prepared by nickel-titanium files was the highest, and it was not easy to damage the instrument, but lateral perforation occurred easily during root canal preparation.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Anteromedial Portal Versus Transtibial Technique in ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Loucas Marios , Loucas Rafael , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Hantes Michael Elias
Published: July 2021

Background:

The drilling technique used to make a femoral tunnel is critically important for determining outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The 2 most common methods are the transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) techniques.

Purpose:

To determine whether graft orientation and placement affect clinical outcomes by comparing clinical and radiological outcomes after single-bundle ACL reconstruction with the AM versus TT technique.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Articles in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE were searched from inception until April 25, 2020, using the following Boolean operators: transtibial OR trans-tibial AND (anteromedial OR trans-portal OR independent OR three portal OR accessory portal) AND anterior cruciate ligament.

Results:

Of 1270 studies retrieved, 39 studies involving 11,207 patients were included. Of these studies, 14 were clinical, 13 were radiological, and 12 were mixed. Results suggested that compared with the TT technique, the AM technique led to significantly improved anteroposterior and rotational knee stability, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and recovery time from surgery. A higher proportion of negative Lachman ( P = .0005) and pivot-shift test ( P = .0001) results, lower KT-1000 arthrometer maximum manual displacement ( P = .00001), higher Lysholm score ( P = .001), a higher incidence of IKDC grade A/B ( P = .05), and better visual analog scale score for satisfaction ( P = .00001) were observed with the AM technique compared with the TT technique. The AM drilling technique demonstrated a significantly shorter tunnel length ( P = .00001). Significant differences were seen between the femoral and tibial graft angles in both techniques. Low overall complication and revision rates were observed for ACL reconstruction with the AM drilling technique, similar to the TT drilling technique.

Conclusion:

In single-bundle ACL reconstruction, the AM drilling technique was superior to the TT drilling technique based on physical examination, scoring systems, and radiographic results. The AM portal technique provided a more reproducible anatomic graft placement compared with the TT technique.