bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of clofazimine on nerve function impairment in pauci-bacillary leprosy patients
Authors: Poulkar Chandrakant B. , Chaudhari Nitin D. , Khatu Swapna S.
Published: December 2018

Background: Clofazimine is a riminophenazine derivative which is useful both for treating the leprosy and managing reactive episodes. Previous studies demonstrated that clofazimine may have a useful prophylactic role against neuritis/type 1 reaction and nerve damage. The WHO Technical Advisory Group (TAG), in its Third meeting in 2002, proposed that uniform MDT regimen (U-MDT) of 6 months duration should be considered to treat all types of leprosy. This study was aimed to determine any additional beneficial effects of clofazimine as part of UMDT in the prevention of nerve function impairment (NFI) in paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients.

Methods: Sixty paucibacillary leprosy patients were randomized into two groups, A and B consisting of 30 patients each. Group A received U-MDT for 6 months and group B received MDT-PB for 6 months. Nerve function assessment (NFA) using various modalities was done at the beginning (0 month) and at the completion of MDT (6 months) and results were compared.

Results: No statistically significant difference in improvement or deterioration of NFI was found in two groups.

Conclusions: On the basis of present study, we found that addition of clofazimine in standard dose as part of U-MDT has no beneficial role in prevention or improvement of NFI in PB leprosy patients. However, a larger longitudinal study taking substantial number of population in both groups might be helpful to derive any conclusion.
A study of topical steroid induced facial dermatosis in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and to analyse the role of Demodex mite in its pathogenicity
Authors: Srivastava Mansi , Balasubramanian Pradeep , Anil Anjali J.
Published: December 2018

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely abused all over our country due to its short term benefits and effortless over the counter availability. The rate of its abuse is more so in Andaman & Nicobar Islands (A&N). Henceforth we conducted a study to evaluate the topical steroid induced facial dermatosis (TSFD) in A&N and to analyse the role of demodex mite in its pathogenicity.

Methods: 58 patients with TSFD participated in this study. Details such as demography of patient, topical steroid used, duration of usage, reason behind its usage and facial dermatosis of the TSDF developed were collected. Following this, standardized surface skin biopsy (SSSB) was performed to assess the density of demodex mite. The details were statistically analysed.

Results: TSFD were predominantly seen in female of age group between 20 and 30 years. It was commonly misused to get rid of acne, pigmentation, tinea faciei and as a fairness cream. The commonly misused TCs were betamethasone cream followed by mometasone. It was commonly advised by pharmacists, friends, relatives, beauticians and GPs. Papules, pustules, photosensitivity and erythema were the commonly encountered adverse events. Microscopic examination of SSSB was negative in all the patients.

Conclusions: The study depicts rampant and irrational use of TCs in our population. Though the demodex mites were absent in the patients studied, further studies with larger sample size and in different ethnicity needs to be done to affirm its role in the pathogenicity of TSFD.
Parametrical and morphological spectra
Authors:   FGUP «GosNIIAS», Vizilter Yu. , Sidyakin S. ,   FGUP «GosNIIAS»
Published: December 2018

A generic formalism of parametric spectra is proposed for describing all spectra of this type from a common viewpoint. The parametric spectrum represents the density of distribution of some pattern/image measure (numerical characteristic) over the parameter under analysis. The measure depends monotonically on the analyzed parameter. The classification of parametric spectra is made. The most general case of parametric spectra are the spectra of the measurement accuracy as a function of the resolution parameter. They include as special cases: spectra based on descriptors, spectra based on filtering, partial order spectra, spectra based on monotone filtering operators, spectra based on enclosed projectors and distance, spectra based on normalized linear spaces. A subclass of morphological spectra that represent reconstruction accuracy spectra by the description complexity parameter is considered. The connection between the parametrical spectra and relevant parametrical decompositions is shown.
Analysis of interference of radially polarized laser beams generated by ring optical elements with a vortex phase at sharp focusing
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khonina S. , Ustinov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: December 2018

We theoretically analyze sharp focusing of radially polarized beams by a focusing system containing ring apertures and a vortex-phase optical element in the pupil. Analytic expressions for a field in the focal area for the radially polarized beams for one- and two-ring apertures are obtained. Asymptotic expressions for the focal field at a distance from the optical axis are also derived. It is shown that for a single vortex-phase narrow ring aperture, the field distribution in the focal area is proportional to the superposition of Bessel functions of different orders. The field is shown to possess the axial symmetry and be independent of the longitudinal coordinate. The structure of the interference field for the radially polarization is investigated. With two narrow ring apertures in the pupil of the sharp-focus system, the interference pattern of two vector Bessel-type beams is formed in the focal area. If both ring apertures have the same vortex phase, the field in the focal area remains axis-symmetric, although becoming periodically dependent on the longitudinal coordinate. If each ring has a different-order vortex phase, the interference is more complex and leads to the formation of rotating beams. The three-dimensional structure in the focal area can be controlled by varying the polarization and phase distribution in each of the rings.
Accuracy estimation of object tracking methods for identification of 2D-coordinates and velocities of mechanical systems based on digital photography data
Authors:   Perm State University (National Research University), Sklyarenko M.
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, computer vision methods, in particular, object tracking, are widely used by scientists and engineers. Object tracking is primarily used in such applications as CCTV, crash tests, sports broadcasting, etc. Many methods can be adapted for non-contact optical measurements of coordinates and velocities of mechanical systems in physical experiments. The influence of camera parameters on the optical measurement accuracy is analyzed. We present a comparative review of tracking algorithms and show how they can be used in mechanical experiments and analyze their accuracy in real mechanical experiments. We also discuss our earlier developed methods adopted for the laboratory experiments, which have subpixel accuracy and are robust to lighting differences. We present a short review of tracking software. It is shown that object tracking techniques can be used for non-contact measurements and analysis of mechanical systems.
In memory of professor Alexey Volkov
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Skidanov R.
Published: December 2018

The article briefly outlines the life and scientific activities of Professor Alexey Volkov, the chief researcher of the Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS, Doctor of Engineering, a well-known specialist in the field of micro - and nanotechnologies.
Post-processing of a focused-image hologram in the digital holographic interferometry
Authors:   Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the RAS, Savonin S. , Ryabukho P. , Ryabukho V. ,   Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the RAS
Published: December 2018

Methods of contrast increasing of the interference patterns in digital holographic interferometry by numerical linear phase modulation and interpolation post-processing of digital focused-image holograms are discussed. It is shown that the linear phase modulation of the hologram leads to a shift of the object field spatial spectrum, whereas the step-in-interpolation procedure of the holograms leads to a broader spatial spectrum of the hologram. In both cases it becomes possible to separate an extended frequency range of the restored object field and, thus, significantly reduce the speckle size in the reconstructed object image, also increasing the fringe contrast in the holographic interferograms. The effectiveness of the methods is shown for holographic interferograms of the elastic deformation of a metallic membrane that is rigidly fixed on the contour.
Sharp focusing of linearly polarized asymmetric Bessel beam
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara State Aerospace University, Kotlyar V. , Stafeev S. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara State Aerospace University, Porfirev A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara State Aerospace University
Published: December 2018

We conduct the numerical and experimental study of sharp focusing of a linearly polarized asymmetric Bessel beam with topological charge n = 3 and a crescent-shaped transverse intensity pattern. Using the Debye integral, we show that in the focal plane of a high NA aplanatic lens (NA = 0.9 – 0.95) the intensity distribution is also crescent-shaped. Using the FDTD method it is shown that a binary zone plate with NA = 0.995 also forms a crescent-shaped focal spot that is rotated around the optical axis. An asymmetric Bessel beam was generated using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and focused using an immersion objective with NA = 1.25. A crescent-shaped intensity pattern formed in the focal plane was rotated by 90 degrees relative to the SLM-aided crescent.
Use of combined zone plates as imaging optics for hard x-rays
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalimov A. ,   Samara State Aerospace University, Kotlyar V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Aerospace University
Published: December 2018

We have carried out modeling of an image formation in hard x-ray coherent radiation using a Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral. Combined zone plates have been used to form the image. The resolution of the combined zone plate was numerically shown to increase up to 10 times (equaling 20 nm) when compared with a traditional Fresnel zone plate without any changes of the outermost zone width (205 nm). The zone plate consisted of 6 areas operating in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 diffraction orders. An efficiency improvement of 42% has been numerically achieved in contrast to a traditional Fresnel zone plate used in the third diffraction order. For the combined zone plate, the efficiency of 3.7 % has been achieved.
Development of optical flow computation algorithms for strain measurement of solids
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University (National Research University), Lyubutin P.
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the improvement of optical flow algorithms for strain measurements. The aim of the research is to reduce the computational effort and improve the robustness of the algorithms. The proposed modifications of the algorithms are based on the incremental approach to the estimation of the subsets displacement on the image subsequence, as well as on a three-dimensional recursive search (3DRS). An investigation of the robustness and performance of the algorithms shows the advantage of the proposed modifications.
Market Access and the Concentration of Economic Activity in a System of Declining Cities
Authors: Quintero Luis Eduardo , Restrepo Paula
Published: December 2018

Market access has been widely used as a measure of agglomeration spillovers in models that seek to explain productivity, economic or population growth at the city level. Most results have shown that having higher market access is beneficial to these outcomes. These results, both theoretical and empirical, have been obtained in a context of population growth. This article examines the impact that market access has on a system of cities that has suffered a negative population shock. An extended version of the Brezis and Krugman (1997) model of life cycle of cities predicts that a system of cities experiencing population loss will see a relative reorganization of its population from small to larger cities, and that higher market potential will make this movement stronger. We test these predictions with a comprehensive sample of cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We find that having higher market access - when operating in an environment of population decline - is detrimental to city population growth. This result is robust to different measures of market access that use population. Alternative measures that use economic size rather population are tested, and the result weaker. A possible explanation is that using NLs restricts the sample to only using larger cities.
A LUTA PELA REDEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA TERRA
Authors: Lourenço Carolina de Miranda Evangelista , Hoffmann Juliana Elis dos Santos , Góes Lucélia Almeida Rocha , Engelbrecht Marize Rauber
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar algumas das contradições existentes na contemporaneidade que dificultam as possibilidades da democratização da terra e uma efetiva reforma agrária. Para tanto, se faz necessário resgatar historicamente o movimento burguês da manutenção da seletividade da propriedade privada, bem como apresentar a questão agrária e a luta dos assentados pelo direito ao acesso à terra. Destaca-se que a necessidade de uma política pública de reforma agrária, sendo uma demanda resultante das escolhas políticas, que historicamente privilegiou os detentores do capital. A questão agrária apresenta-se ampla e complexa compreendendo demandas econômicas, sociais e políticas. O que se visualiza no cenário atual é uma redução das lutas coletivas, ocasionadas pela não atuação política em prol da democratização do acesso à terra.
OS TRABALHADORES DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL (SUAS): UMA NOVA FORÇA SOCIAL EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Leite de Araujo da Silva Gustavo , Algebaile Eveline
Published: December 2018

A implantação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social – SUAS, a partir da Política Nacional de Assistência Social – PNAS/2004, vem resultando em alterações significativas no campo social, inclusive nas relações de trabalho desse setor de atuação do Estado. A estrutura sistêmica desenhada possui bases institucionais e corpo técnico próprios, atuando em ampla escala no contexto das acentuadas desigualdades socioterritoriais do Brasil. Desta forma, tendo um aporte teórico de autores de perspectiva crítica, com destaque para Antônio Gramsci e análise de documentos normativos, este trabalho pretende trazer contribuições para o debate sobre as relações que se dão no âmbito dessa nova força social composta pelos trabalhadores do SUAS, que vem também se constituindo como uma importante força política em termos de defesa do Sistema.
POLÍTICAS PUBLICAS DE FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA DO GOVERNO DO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Silva Gilmar Pereira da , Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de , Benjamin Janete
Published: December 2018

O estudo se caracteriza como pesquisa qualitativa exploratória para uma estratégia de estudo de caso. Nos propomos a investigar: onde estão localizados os programas de formação para o trabalho para pessoas com deficiência-PcD do governo do estado do Pará e quais políticas públicas estão sendo realizadas no estado? Objetivo: Levantar e analisar as políticas públicas de formação para o trabalho do governo do estado do Pará, referente às Pessoas com Deficiência, o estudo foi realizado no período de abril a outubro de 2016. Locus: SEDUC/PA, escolas especializadas da SEDUC e SEASTER. Objeto: Programa de formação para o trabalho de PcD do governo do Estado do Pará. Resultados: foram localizadas três escolas especializadas da SEDUC em Belém que possuem programas de formação para o trabalho, assim como, parceria com o sistema “S” e o Centro de Inclusão e Cidadania-CIIC, contradições entre as políticas públicas do governo do estado do Pará/práticas pedagógicas dos professores/discurso da legislação. A teoria das contradições, foram fundamentadas em Marx(1982), com base no materialismo histórico dialético. Conclusão: Podemos constatar uma forte contradição entre as políticas públicas de formação para o trabalho do governo do estado do Pará e as legislações vigentes, visto que, o estado não possui regulamentações específicas para a formação profissional das pessoas com deficiência, incluindo essas pessoas nas cotas de programas oferecidos às pessoas não deficientes.
UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS CRITÉRIOS DE TEXTUALIDADE E A ELABORAÇÃO DE ANALOGIAS NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Maggi Andréa Cristina , Ramos Ivo de Jesus
Published: December 2018

Este estudo partiu de uma observação durante as apresentações de trabalhos sobre o uso das analogias no cotidiano nas aulas da disciplina “Reconstruindo modelos por analogia” do Mestrado em Educação Tecnológica do CEFET-MG, o que provocou uma inquietação acerca da eficácia da construção e dos usos das analogias como recursos e modelos de ensino. A partir desse questionamento, neste trabalho de caráter qualitativo, busca-se refletir sobre o papel das analogias na interação sociocomunicativa, compreendendo que se elas são textos devam ser construídas conforme critérios de textualidade, para cumprirem seu papel comunicativo e significativo no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Nesse estudo, são apresentados conceitos de analogia e texto, bem como os critérios de textualidade. Ao abordar as premissas da comunicação, baseia-se nas técnicas descritas por Blikstein (2002). Os conceitos de analogia são baseados em Ferry e Nagem (2008) e Fonseca e Nagem (2010). Sobre texto e critérios de textualidade, são citados os estudos de Koch e Elias (2010), Koch (2011), Koch e Travaglia (2011), Paiva (2016) e Ribeiro (2016). Ao final, busca-se refletir se a analogia, por cumprir os critérios de textualidade e, assim, ser considerada um texto, é suficiente para que ela seja compreendida pelo interlocutor, cumprindo sua função comunicativa.
Could Complete Blood Count Parameters and Non-fasting Cholesterol Profile Describe Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Kadariswantiningsih Ika Nindya , Thaha Mochammad , Nugroho Cahyo Wibisono , Hamidah Berliana , Rasyid Haerani , Hakim Zaky El , Suryansyah Maulana Muhtadin , Alsagaff Mohammad Yusuf , Santoso Djoko , Empitu Maulana Antiyan , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Establishment of inexpensive clinical laboratory tests to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress is urgently needed in the limited resources settings. This study aims to investigate the potential of complete blood count (CBC) parameters and non-fasting cholesterol profile parameters to describe inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.METHODS: Measurement of CBC, non-fasting cholesterol profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were performed in 71 CKD patients grouped into hemodialysis (HD) and non-hemodialysis (non-HD). Correlation analysis were performed to assess the potential of CBC and cholesterol profile to describe the level of hs-CRP and MDA.RESULTS: In the HD group, total cholesterol was moderately associated with hs-CRP while total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, monocyte/HDL-C ratio, monocyte/LDL-C ratio, neutrophil/HDL-C ratio, neutrophil/LDL-C ratio, platelet/HDL-C ratio and platelet/LDL-C ratio were strongly associated with hs-CRP. In the non-HD group,only neutrophil/total cholesterol ratio and platelet/total cholesterol ratio that were associated with hs-CRP. Total cholesterol, monocyte/LDL-C ratio, neutrophil/LDL-C ratio and platelet/LDL-C ratio were moderately associated with MDA while total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, monocyte/HDL-C ratio, neutrophil/HDL-C ratio and platelet/HDL-C ratio were strongly associated respectively with MDA in HD group. In the non-HD group, total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, neutrophil/HDL-C ratio and platelet/HDL-C ratio were moderately associated with MDA in non-HD group while monocyte/HDL-C ratio was weakly associated with MDA.CONCLUSION: Some CBC parameters and non-fasting cholesterol profile such as cholesterol/HDL-C, monocyte/HDL-C, neutrophil/HDL-C and platelet/HDL-C ratio showed a potential to describe the inflammation and stress oxidative markers, given some strong associations with the level of hs-CRP and MDA. Further study is needed to assess whether this parameter represent long-term prognostic value among CKD patients.KEYWORDS: inflammation, oxidative stress, CRP, MDA, TAC, 8-OHdG, CBC, cholesterol
The Effect of Estradiol on Renal Function in Reversible and Irreversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats
Authors: Lak Zahra , Vahdati Akbar , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: The ureteral obstruction (UO) is the most common clinical disorders. This study was designed to investigate the renoprotective effect of estradiol in unilateral UO (UUO) and reversible UUO (RUUO).METHODS: Eighty-four ovareictomized Wistar rats were assigned into 14 groups. Group 1 was sham operated group. All the groups 2-14 were subject to UUO, however they received additional treatments. Group 2-4 received test substances (vehicle, 0.1 or 0.05 mg/kg of estradiol) and sacrificed after 3 days. Group 5-7 received test substances and after 3 days followed by RUUO (obstruction removal) and after one day post RUUO were sacrificed. Group 8-9 followed by RUUO after 3 days and simultaneously received estradiol and after one day post RUUO were sacrificed. Group 10-12 followed by RUUO after 3 days and simultaneously received test substances and after 3 days post RUUO were sacrificed. Group 13-14 received test substances followed by RUUO and received test substances again and after 3 days post RUUO were sacrificed.RESULTS: The estradiol reduced body weight significantly (p<0.05) in UUO, and the uterus weight (UW) increased significantly by estradiol (p<0.05). The increased serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), and kidney weight (KW) induced by UUO (p<0.05) were not attenuated by estradiol. Estradiol treatment did not alter the levels of BUN, Cr, KW, Cr clearance (CrCl), urine sodium excretion and urine flow when compared with control.CONCLUSION: Although the protective role of estradiol in cardiovascular system is well accepted, however our findings suggest that its protection during UUO or after RUUO in renal system cannot be certain.KEYWORDS: estradiol, ureteral obstruction, renal function, rat
CAR T Cells: Precision Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Current cancer drugs and treatments are aiming at eradicating tumor cells, but often are more toxic then effective, killing also the normal cells and not selectively the tumor cells. There is good personalized cancer therapy that involves administration to the cancer-bearing host of immune cells with direct anticancer activity, which called adoptive cell therapy (ACT). A review of the unique biology of T cell therapy and of recent clinical experience compels a reassessment of target antigens that traditionally have been viewed from the perspective of weaker immunotherapeutic modalities.CONTENT: Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are recombinant receptors which provide both antigen-binding and T cell-activating functions. Many kind of CARs has been reported for the past few years, targeting an array of cell surface tumor antigens. Their biologic functions have extremely changed following the introduction of tripartite receptors comprising a costimulatory domain, termed second-generation CARs. The combination of CARs with costimulatory ligands, chimeric costimulatory receptors, or cytokines can be done to further enhance T cell potency, specificity and safety. CARs reflects a new class of drugs with exciting potential for cancer immunotherapy.SUMMARY: CAR-T cells have been arising as a new modality for cancer immunotherapy because of their potent efficacy against terminal cancers. They are known to exert higher efficacy than monoclonal antibodies and antibodydrug conjugates, and act via mechanisms distinct from T cell receptor-engineered T cells. These cells are constructed by transducing genes encoding fusion proteins of cancer antigen-recognizing single-chain Fv linked to intracellular signaling domains of T cell receptors.KEYWORDS: chimeric antigen receptor, CAR T cells, adoptive cell therapy, ACT, T cell receptor, TCR, cancer, immunotherapy
TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUO CONTENDO COBRE POR ELETROFOCULAÇÃO E GRAVIMETRIA POR PRECIPITAÇÃO QUÍMICA
Authors: Santos Mchael Jonathan Gandra dos , Genipe Luciana Santos , Cunha Priscila Tolentino da , Stocco Vanusa Andresa da Mata , Assis Camila Molena de
Published: December 2018

Duas técnicas existentes há mais de um século para a recuperação do resíduo de cobre, a eletrofloculação e gravimetria por precipitação química foram utilizadas para o tratamento do resíduo contendo cobre. A eletrofloculação, uma alternativa entre as técnicas não convencionais para o tratamento de resíduos, consiste no uso de corrente elétrica contínua para a condição necessária, a fim que aconteça uma reação de oxidação e redução através de eletrodos metálicos, o que promove a formação de hidróxidos metálicos gelatinosos, que concentram as impurezas a serem recuperadas. Com testes realizados definiu-se 5 V como o menor potencial a ser aplicado para que combinado à adição de hidróxido de sódio obtenha-se resultados satisfatórios de recuperação. Com a metodologia gravimétrica por precipitação química definiu-se a concentração a ser adotada para o tratamento de 0,1 mol.L-1 de NaOH, evitando desperdícios e obtendo melhor recuperação do cobre.

 

Abstract

Two existing techniques for over a century to recover copper residues, the electroflocculation and gravimetric analysis by chemical precipitation were used in the treatment containing copper. The electroflocculation, which is an alternative among many unconventional techniques focuses on using continue electric current to provide the necessary condition for oxidation and reduction reactions to happen by using metal electrodes, thus promoting the formation of gelatinous metal hydroxides which concentrates the impurities to be recovered. By testing, it was defined 5V as the lowest potential to be used, simultaneously to the addition of Sodium hydroxide, in order to obtain satisfactory results of residue recovery. With the gravimetric method by chemical precipitation, it is set the concentration to be adopted for the treatment of 0,1 mol.L-1, avoiding waste and obtaining better copper recovery.
Razonamiento inferencial y atribución de inferencias en niños pequeños
Authors: Ordoñez Morales Oscar
Published: December 2018

Este estudio tuvo tres propósitos. Primero, identificó las inferencias que noventa niños y niñas entre tres y cinco años utilizaron para resolver dos tareas cognitivas diseñadas para el estudio, cada una exigiendo un tipo de inferencia: perceptual/directa y relacional. En segundo lugar, exploró si los niños atribuían inferencias a los personajes que aparecían en las dos tareas. Por último, identificó la relación entre el nivel de dificultad de la tarea y el razonamiento inferencial de los niños. En general, la atribución inferencial se incrementó entre los tres y cinco años ante las dos tareas. Como se esperaba, los resultados mostraron que el nivel de dificultad de la tarea estuvo relacionado con la atribución que los niños hacían en ambas tareas, aunque el patrón fue más claro ante la tarea más compleja. Los resultados sugieren que los niños pequeños no solo usan, sino que atribuyen inferencias en la primera infancia; y también que la explicación del razonamiento inferencial no está estrictamente limitada a la edad. El tipo de inferencia que demanda una tarea y el nivel de dificultad de la misma interactúan con la edad y deben ser considerados en la explicación del desarrollo del razonamiento inferencial en los primeros años.
¿Online vs. offline? Estudio sobre las redes sociales personales y las redes sociales virtuales en la cibercultura adolescente actual.
Authors: Correa Maria Soledad , Vitaliti José Maria
Published: December 2018

En la actualidad, las plataformas virtuales (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, entre otras) han impactado en la cotidianeidad de las personas generando cambios en sus interacciones y en los patrones de relación. Los adolescentes son consumidores predilectos de estas plataformas, trasladando lo virtual hacia construcción de la identidad y la pertenencia al grupo de pares. El objetivo de este trabajo indagar las ciberculturas adolescentes a través de las redes personales y virtuales de este grupo etareo.

Se escogió el estudio de caso y se seleccionaron cinco adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años. Las herramientas utilizadas fueron: un cuestionario administrado a través del software Egonet, la observación de la plataforma virtual que utiliza el participante con mayor cotidianeidad y la entrevista semidirigida como modalidad corroborativa de los datos analizados.

Los resultados indican que las redes personales de los adolescentes están conectadas a través de diferentes miembros en las redes virtuales. A su vez, las posiciones en cuanto a la centralidades de cada red difieren debido a las finalidades de cada formación reticular. Además, se presenta mayor protagonismo de plataformas virtuales  Instagram y Snapchat en lugar de la usualmente predominante plataforma virtual Facebook.
Indicadores de identificación de riesgo temprano de alteración de la atención conjunta en el Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: González-Moreno Claudia Ximena
Published: December 2018

La cognición social comienza con el desarrollo infantil de la atención conjunta en la interacción comunicativa con los otros. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los indicadores de identificación de riesgo temprano de alteración de la atención conjunta en el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). De esta manera, se aporta información que posibilita determinar las estrategias de intervención que requiere un niño con TEA desde las etapas más tempranas de su vida. Esta información proporciona herramientas para orientar al contexto psicológico y educativo con niños con TEA. Se discute la importancia de considerar la atención conjunta como la base del desarrollo de la cognición social en una construcción interactiva y dialógica con los otros.
Comportamiento de accesiones nativas de Carica papaya inoculadas con PRSV-p mediante Aphis nerii
Authors: Flores-Bautista Rodrigo , Ávila-Reséndiz Catarino , Villanueva-Jiménez Juan Antonio , Nava-Díaz Cristian , Becerra-Leor Enrique Noé
Published: December 2018

Es posible que exista tolerancia al virus de la mancha anular del papayo (PRSV-p) en plantas nativas de Carica papaya. Se evaluó la respuesta de 13 accesiones (Acc) de papayo nativo y la variedad Maradol roja respecto a la incidencia y severidad del PRSV-p, inoculado con el insecto vector Aphis nerii, y su relación con el manejo de la planta observado durante su colecta. Las Acc se colectaron en estado silvestre, en traspatio o cultivadas. A los tres meses de edad se inocularon las plantas con el virus. Se evaluó semanalmente la incidencia y severidad en nueve ocasiones. Las Acc 203 y 205 mostraron el menor índice de severidad (1.0), seguidas de 147a y 60 (con 1.7), 94a (2.0) y 197a (2.2); las Acc 64a (2.5) y 150 (2.8) alcanzaron una severidad intermedia, seguidas de la 65 y 210b (con 3.3), y de 80, 169 y 188a (con 4.3). La var. Maradol roja presentó el mayor índice de severidad (4.8). La severidad promedio en las Acc colectadas en manejo silvestre fue significativamente menor (P = 0.032) que en Maradol roja, aunque no fue diferente en las Acc que provenían de manejo de plantaciones cultivadas o de traspatio. Es posible que entre las Acc silvestres se encuentren genes de tolerancia al PRSV-p.
Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel agente causal de la pudrición de frutos de chile manzano (Capsicum pubescens) en México
Authors: Almaraz-Sánchez Alejandra , Ayala-Escobar Victoria , Tlatilpa-Santamaría Ibar Felipe , Nieto-Angel Daniel
Published: December 2018

El chile manzano al igual que otros frutos, es afectado por patógenos postcosecha que afectan la calidad. En el 2016 se observaron lesiones hundidas con micelio blanquecino en frutos de chile manzano procedentes del Estado de México. El objetivo fue identificar al agente causal del síntoma descrito en frutos, mediante la caracterización morfológica, molecular y pruebas de patogenicidad. Las pruebas de patogenicidad se realizaron en frutos con herida y sin herida, así como la caracterización morfológica y molecular. Los resultados indican que el agente causal de los síntomas del hundimiento fue Fusarium sambucinum. Los aislados se sembraron en medios de cultivo PDA, ClavelAgar y SNA, en donde formaron esporodoquios de color naranja, macroconidias hialinas con la célula basal papilada y la célula terminal en forma de pie: 24.8-35.3 ?m de largo y 3.67-4.46 ?m de ancho, de tres a cinco septos, esto fue confirmado con el análisis de secuenciación del gen tef 1? (translation elongation factor 1?). La comparación entre medias (Tukey) detectó diferencias significativas en el método de inoculación, pero no entre aislamientos sobre el fruto. Es el primer reporte en México de Fusarium sambucinum como agente causal de lesiones hundidas con micelio blanquecino en frutos de chile manzano.
UMA FÁBULA DA CIVILIZAÇÃO EM SIMPATIA PELO DEMÔNIO, DE BERNARDO CARVALHO
Authors: Bernardes Erick da Silva
Published: December 2018

Este artigo analisa o romance Simpatia pelo demônio (2016), de Bernardo Carvalho, tendo como tema central o discurso aparentemente fabular do seu enredo. Toma-se como meta investigativa o aspecto caricatural dos personagens e a estrutura de fábula que reveste a trama em questão. Enfatiza-se, na obra, o modo como seus enunciados transitam ora pela ludicidade dos pequenos acontecimentos do dia a dia, ora sobre assuntos de violência. Além das desavenças ideológicas apontadas sob o pretexto da religião e o sequestro internacional baseado em conspirações terroristas, revelando-se um convite à reflexão, acerca da civilização no auge da modernidade considerada globalizada.
A DUPLA ARTICULAÇÃO DE TRADIÇÃO E RUPTURA NA CANÇÃO DE RAPADURA
Authors: Pinto Nathalia
Published: December 2018

A produção artística do Nordeste posterior ao advento do Modernismo brasileiro, quando analisada, permite ao seu estudioso postular para essa região a hipótese de um conceito de modernidade bastante diverso daquele apresentado pelo restante da arte moderna brasileira. O Nordeste, enquanto região mais pobre do Brasil, se encontra numa espécie de periferia econômica e cultural que, ao longo do tempo, foi retratada pelos textos artísticos, acadêmicos e jornalísticos através de estereótipos e discursos preconceituosos que o reduziram ao “lugar do atraso”.  A partir da obra do jovem rapper cearense RAPadura, o presente artigo pretende analisar como as canções de seu EP Fita embolada do engenho – Rapadura na boca do povo, de 2010, (re)elaboram o discurso da tradição, historicamente construído para caracterizar a cultura nordestina e o afina com o discurso do protesto e da ruptura, inerente ao gênero musical rap, contrapondo-se, assim, às visões reducionistas e preconceituosas sobre o Nordeste, ao mesmo tempo que reafirma e valoriza as tradições e práticas que enriquecem e definem seu povo.
ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS SOB PERSPECTIVA ESTILÍSTICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DIALÓGICA DA LINGUAGEM
Authors: Almeida Maria de Fátima , De Santana Wilder Kleber Fernandes
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho delimita como objeto de estudo o ensino de línguas sob perspectiva da estilística bakhtiniana, no âmbito das Ciências Humanas, na medida em que versa sobre as contribuições da Teoria Dialógica da Linguagem para a produção de discursos no campo político brasileiro. Esses estudos visam ao ensino e aprendizagem de leituras dialógicas e se pautam pela teoria dialógico-discursiva de Bakhtin e o Círculo (2011, 2009, 2012), assim como por propostas teóricas de Almeida (2013). As pesquisas refletem a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da linguagem em movimento, fundamentando-se nas categorias tom emotivo-volitivo, discurso de outrem e relações dialógicas para propor um ensino de línguas baseado na estilística bakhtiniana. Para concretização analítica, selecionamos dois memes como proposta de uso em sala de aula, pelo prisma do estilo proposto por Bakhtin enquanto elemento constitutivo do enunciado. Na medida em que as investigações fomentam discussões sobre a relação entre teorias do discurso e o contemporâneo ensino de gramática, demonstra-se como essa proposta torna-se eficaz para alcance da compreensão responsiva ativa por parte do(s) leitor(es). Nessa perspectiva, os resultados revelam a importância desses estudos para a formação de alunos e professores cada vez mais críticos e reflexivos, privilegiando a expressão de seus pontos de vista. Eis o que define a prática de ensino dialógico, que politiza, que emancipa, que oportuniza a promoção de competências leitoras.
Leer el gran libro de la vida. La decodificación del genoma humano en la prensa francesa
Authors: De Cheveigné Suzanne
Published: December 2018

Durante una conferencia de prensa de gran impacto, el 26 de junio de 2000 se anunció la decodificación casi completa del genoma humano en forma conjunta por parte de un consorcio público internacional, el Proyecto Genoma Humano, y Celera Genomics, una compañía privada. Con similar repercusión, en febrero de 2001 se repitió el anuncio con motivo de la publicación de los resultados en las revistas Science y Nature. Los principales medios de comunicación informaron y comentaron extensamente esos acontecimientos.
En este trabajo analizamos los artículos aparecidos en los principales periódicos franceses (La Croix, Le Figaro, L’ Humanité, Libération, Le Monde y Le Parisien) en ocasión de dichos anuncios, abordando tanto las metáforas movilizadas alrededor del proyecto Genoma, las infografías y las explicaciones de su valor científico como sus análisis de la repercusión de semejante hito. De hecho, pocos periódicos recuerdan a sus lectores que el ser humano no está totalmente inscrito en sus genes, y que su historia y su entorno lo marcan tanto como su código genético. Siempre vigente, resurge la vieja discusión acerca de lo innato y lo adquirido. El sentido mismo de lo que es el ADN, el soporte material de una parte más o menos grande de lo que se trasmite de generación en generación, difiere según los periódicos y según los lectores. La visión de los investigadores y la confianza que podemos o debemos brindarles, la importancia de la aventura intelectual o de las aplicaciones concretas y los riesgos potenciales entran en las diferentes representaciones de esta “avanzada” de la ciencia.
En la cobertura periodística hallamos diferentes filosofías sobre el ser humano. Los periódicos populares siguen preocupados por las perspectivas eugenistas; aquellos con fuertes referencias morales (cualesquiera sean éstas, desde L’Humanité a La Croix o Le Figaro) recuerdan con energía el papel de la historia y del entorno en la formación del hombre, allí donde otros, Libération en particular, tienden a verla inscrito en sus genes. Se aprecia, pues, una gran diversidad de discursos que expresan diferentes visiones de la ciencia. De forma sistemática la prensa popular toma cierta distancia del mundo científico, recordando los cuestionamientos de orden ético que plantean sus trabajos. Los periódicos considerados de élite se muestran más cercanos a las instituciones, políticas o científicas, más prestos a brindar su confianza a los investigadores, con ciertos matices. En suma, los discursos mediáticos ostentan las huellas de las preguntas y las vacilaciones de una sociedad que se enfrenta a unas ciencias de la vida que interrogan y llevan más lejos los límites de la humanidad.
Blade Runner, de 2019 a 2049. El cine de ciencia ficción como divulgador de la ciencia
Authors: Marín Ramos Esther
Published: December 2018

Han pasado treinta y cinco años desde el estreno de Blade Runner (Ridley Scott, 1982) a su secuela, Blade Runner 2049 (Denis Villeneuve, 2017) y, eso, nos proporciona la oportunidad de observar en qué medida los cambios acaecidos en nuestra cultura han modificado el discurso de una de las tramas de ciencia ficción que con mayor énfasis representó el temor a los efectos adversos del progreso. Desde una perspectiva sociológica y comunicológica, el análisis comparativo de ambos filmes demuestra que el alarmismo apocalíptico que impregnó al género la mayor parte del siglo pasado ha dado paso a una visión más lúcida y completa de los riesgos, posibilidades y dilemas que suscita el avance tecno-científico, confirmando el valor del cine de ciencia ficción como barómetro de las percepciones sociales sobre la ciencia y la tecnología.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of the German Challenging Behavior Scale for Formal Caregivers of People With Dementia in Nursing Homes
Authors: Holle Daniela , Köller Lena , Moniz-Cook Esme , Halek Margareta
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: The Challenging Behavior Scale (CBS) measures the behavior of individuals with dementia. The study aims to translate the English CBS into German (CBS-G) and test its linguistic validity. Methods: The two-panel approach was used to translate the CBS. Nursing home staff reviewed the unambiguity and familiarity of the CBS-G items and the adequateness of the examples used to describe the items. Content validity indexes (CVI) and modified kappa (k) coefficients were calculated. Results: Most of the CBS-G items had excellent CVI and k values for both unambiguity and familiarity. All examples were viewed as adequate. Conclusion: A German version of the CBS that is linguistically equivalent to the original CBS is available but needs further testing of its psychometric properties.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Provider Co-Management Index: Measuring Nurse Practitioner–Physician Co-Management
Authors: Norful Allison A. , Ye Siqin , Shaffer Jonathan , Poghosyan Lusine
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: Provider co-management has emerged in practice to alleviate demands of larger, more complex patient panels, yet no tools exist to measure nurse practitioner (NP)–physician co-management. The purpose of this study is to develop a tool that measures NP–physician co-management. Methods: Items were generated based on three theoretical dimensions of co-management. Face and content validity were established with six experts. Pilot testing was conducted with a convenience sample of 40 NPs and physicians. We computed mean, standard deviation, skewness, interitem and corrected item-total correlations, and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Psychometric analysis yielded high subscale reliability: effective communication (α = .811); mutual respect and trust (α = .746); and shared philosophy of care (α = .779). Conclusions: PCMI demonstrates strong internal reliability consistency. Future research to examine construct validity is recommended.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde Hudûdnâmelerin Kaynak Değeri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Alkan Mustafa
Published: December 2018

“Hudûdnâme”ler, Osmanlı ülkesinin sınırları dâhilinde vakıf ve mülk statüsündeki toprakların; mezrâ, mahalle, köy, nâhiye, kaza, sancak ve eyâlet gibi idarî birimlerin ve Osmanlı Devleti ile diğer devletlerin sınırlarını belirlemek için yazılan resmî kayıtlardır. Bu kayıtlara “sınırnâme” de denilmiştir. Hudûdnâmeler veya hudûdnâme statüsündeki vakfiye, mülk senedi, ilgili mühimme, ahîdnâme ve tahrir defterleri mekân belirlemelerde çok tafsilâtlı yön tariflerini ihtiva etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Arşivi, Vakıf Kayıtlar Arşivi ile Tapu Arşivi’nde bulunan bazı hudûdnâme veya hudûdnâme statüsündeki belgeler kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu belgelerle Osmanlı tarihî coğrafyasını yeniden yazmak mümkündür. Öyle ki, Osmanlı arazi kanunnamesinin çıkarılmasından sonra uygulanan yeni mülkiyet anlayışı sonucunda oluşan yeni mülk senetleri üzerinden mülkler ile mülk sahiplerini eşsiz büyüklükteki bir haritada buluşturmak mümkündür. Tapu senetlerinin sınır tarifleri, daha önceden var olagelen vakfiye, mülk senedi, mühimme, ahîdnâme, tahrir defterleri ve hudûdnâmelerin bıraktıkları, boşlukları doldurabilecek zenginlikte olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu incelemede hudûdnâmelerin bir evin hududundan başlayarak tarla, mezraa, köy, nahiye, kaza, sancak, vilâyet ve nihayet ülke hududuna kadar birçok yerin sınır tespitinde ne kadar çok rol oynadığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca, bu belge koleksiyonlarının Osmanlı Tarih yazıcılığının en temel kaynaklarından olduğu da gösterilmiş olacaktır.
Bir Sosyal Kurum Olarak Üniversite, Bilim Zihniyeti ve Türkiye
Authors: Atasoy Fahri
Published: December 2018

Bilim ve üniversite birbirini tamamlayan kurumlardır. İnsanlığın gelişiminde üretilen bilginin önemi büyüktür. Bilgi üretme yollarından birisi felsefe, birisi bilimdir. Dünyanın modernleşmesi ile birlikte bilim üretmenin mekânı üniversiteler olmuştur. Türkiye Batıdan örnek alarak geleneksel yüksek eğitim kurumlarını dönüştürmeye çalışmıştır. Darülfünun’dan üniversiteye giden süreçte sıkıntılar yaşanmıştır. Üniversite Batılı anlamda akademik araştırmalar yapılan ve bilgi üreten bir kurum olması gerekirken, beklenen başarıyı gösterememiştir. Bunun için defalarca reform teşebbüsleri yapılmış ama olması gereken seviyeye hâlâ çıkamamıştır. Türkiye’de üniversite kurumunun bilim zihniyeti problemli gelişmiştir. Bunun sebepleri üzerine yapılacak analizler çözüm yollarını da gösterecektir. Bu makale bir toplumun yapısı içinde eğitim kurumu ve dolayısıyla üniversite kurumunun yapısal problemlerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Islam Bagi SDM di Bank Syariah
Authors: Trimulato Trimulato
Published: December 2018

Sharia banking in Indonesia continues to experience growth both in terms of assets, the account of offices, the account of customers, and the market share of sharia banking that exceed 5 percent. The growth of sharia banking is not followed by adequate human resources both in quantity and quality. Human resources are still a difficult problem for sharia banking now. In the roadmap of sharia banking period 2015-2019 issued to make the Financial Services Authority to make human resource issues into things to be resolved. It takes a pattern of human resource management that can create qualified human resources for sharia banking. This paper is qualitative descriptive that will describe the growth of human resources in sharia banking, as well as the important role of Islamic human resource management for human resources in shariah banking. This paper shows the growth of human resources in sharia banking in the period of December 2016 until september 2017 grew by 2.368 percent, with the total human resources of shariah banking today as much as 61,389 people. The pattern of Islamic human resource management becomes important for the availability of best quality of human resources in sharia banking. Islamic human resource management able to meet the human resource who understand the science of economics and science of sharia. Islamic human resource management covers the entire process of establishing human resources in sharia banking. One of the patterns of Islamic human resource management that is relevant to the current state of sharia banking is Calestial Management. It consists of ZIKR, PIKR, and MIKR.