bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of injuries in juniors participating in top-level karate competition: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Čierna Dušana , Barrientos Merce , Agrasar Carlos , Arriaza Rafael
Published: October 2017

Background

Karate is a popular combat semi-contact sport among juniors, but there are only few studies available on the epidemiology of injuries in karate junior athletes.

Aim

The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries in top-level karate competition for athletes aged 16 to 20 years, and to compare injury rates between age groups (ie, under 18-year-old [U18] and under 21-year-old [U21]) and genders, following the introduction of new weight categories.

Methods

A prospective injury surveillance was undertaken at four consecutive World Karate Championships (2009 to 2015), following the same protocols used in previous investigations.

Results

During the four championships, a total of 257 injuries were recorded, with an incidence of 41.4/1,000 athlete exposures (AEs, 95% CI 36.4 to 46.3). The injury rate was significantly lower for females with a rate ratio 0.63 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.82). Most of the injuries were minor ones: contusions (n=100), followed by abrasions (n=63) and epistaxis (n=62). Only 10% of the injuries were time-loss injuries (injury incidence rates 4.2/1,000 AEs; 95% CI 2.7 to 6.1). Face injuries represented 69.6% of the injuries, most of them were minor ones (light abrasions 24.5%, epistaxis 24.1%, contusion 16.7%). Change of rules (raising the number of weight categories from three to five) reduced injury incidence in the U21 category.

Conclusions

The total injury rate in junior competitions is lower compared with elite adult athletes and higher compared with younger elite athletes. Time-loss injuries are rare. The implementation of the new competition categories in U21 karate has been associated with a significant reduction in injury rate.
Adverse reactions to two intravenous antibiotics (Augmentin and Zinacef) used for surgical prophylaxis in dogs
Authors: Gosling Mark James , Martínez‐Taboada Fernando
Published: October 2017

Antibiotic prophylaxis in dogs undergoing surgical procedures frequently involves the administration of a product without a veterinary licence. Two drugs commonly used for this purpose are the clavulanate amoxicillin Augmentin and the cefuroxime Zinacef. This prospective observational study aims to compare the incidence of adverse events associated with these two antibiotics in a clinical setting. The authors hypothesised that a higher incidence of adverse effects would be observed with Augmentin. Sixty‐five dogs were included in the study and adverse events were recorded using a modified scoring system. A significantly higher incidence of adverse events to Augmentin (8/22; 36 per cent) was observed compared with Zinacef (1/43; 2 per cent) (P=0.0003). The majority of these adverse events involved cutaneous signs and/or hypotension. These findings might be taken into consideration when selecting one of these intravenous antibiotics for prophylaxis in anaesthetised dogs undergoing surgery.
Brane bounce from logarithmic entropic corrections in the bulk
Authors: Addazi Andrea
Published: October 2017

We calculate new corrections to the braneworld dynamics, lying in a 5D Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole, generalizing the result of Nojiri, Odintsov and Ogushi (NOO). The NOO entropy effect is based on the logarithmic correction to the bulk entropy firstly calculated by Mukherji and Pal. We calculate higher order contributions to the brane worldsheet. The extra terms obtained lead to interesting implications in brane cosmology. In particular, new entropic terms rapidly disappear in the late Universe while exploding in the very early Universe. In particular, we show that they may trigger a cosmological bounce in the very early Universe. On the other hand, they contribute to the cosmological expansion in the late Universe. We also discuss a scenario in which the BLK anisotropies are washed out, toward a new ekpyrotic brane cosmology.
Effects of chemical composition and mean coordination number on glass transitions in Ge–Sb–Se glasses
Authors: Wei Wen-Hou
Published: October 2017

Glass transitions in the Ge–Sb–Se glasses were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions. The glass transition temperature [Formula: see text], activation energy of glass transition [Formula: see text], and fragility index as functions of the mean coordination number (MCN) and atomic percent of Ge were examined. The maximum value of [Formula: see text] in each group of the glasses occurred at the chemically stoichiometric composition, suggesting a glass transition threshold. The [Formula: see text] and fragility index were calculated from the heating rate dependence of [Formula: see text]. Both [Formula: see text] and fragility index show the minima at MCN = 2.4 which can be attributed to the structural phase transition of a covalently glassy network at MCN = 2.4. The analysis of the experimental results suggests that both the chemical composition and MCN have significant effects on the glass transitions in Ge–Sb–Se glasses.
On the well-posedness of a dispersal model for farmers and hunter–gatherers in the Neolithic transition
Authors: Eliaš Ján , Kabir M. Humayun , Mimura Masayasu
Published: October 2017

We study the reaction–diffusion model that consists of equations that govern the spatio-temporal evolution of sedentary and migrating farmers and hunter–gatherers in the Neolithic transition. Ecologically, the model stems from the fact that a lifestyle of agriculture and settlement, as it allows for a larger population, is evolutionary advantageous than hunting and gathering. Therefore, in our modelling framework, we assume that farmers do not migrate unless the population density pressure forces them. We prove the global well-posedness of the system and, in contrast to the previous modelling work on the transition from hunting and gathering to farming, we show numerically that for a suitable value of a “stay-or-migrate” threshold the model is capable of reproducing the rate of spread of farming that corresponds to the archaeological findings in Europe.
Optimal decay rates on the solution to the compressible gas–liquid drift-flux model with slip
Authors: Hong Guangyi , Zhu Changjiang
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the large time behavior of the solution to the initial-boundary problems for the one-dimensional compressible gas–liquid drift-flux model with slip is studied. Under some suitable smallness conditions upon the initial data, the optimal pointwise upper and lower decay estimates on masses as well as the sharpest decay rates for the norms in terms of the velocity function are obtained. This result generalizes the one in [On the large time behavior of the compressible gas–liquid drift-flux model with slip, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 25 (2015) 2175–2215] by Evje and Wen. The key of the proof is to derive some new global-in-time weighted estimates. Our method can also be easily adopted to the study on the large time behavior of the solution to the one-dimensional compressible Naiver–Stokes equations.
Ideal transforms and local cohomology defined by a pair of ideals
Authors: Chu L. Z. , Jorge Pérez V. H. , Lima P. H.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the ordinary ideal transform, denoted by [Formula: see text], which is called the ideal transform with respect to a pair of ideals [Formula: see text] and has an apparent algebraic structure. Then we study its various properties and explore the connection with the ordinary ideal transform. Also, we discuss the associated primes of local cohomology modules with respect to a pair of ideals. In particular, we give a characterization for the associated primes of the nonvanishing generalized local cohomology modules.
Cosmological implications of dark energy models in modified gravity
Authors: Azhar Nadeem , Jawad Abdul , Ahmad Sarfraz , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: October 2017

We discuss the interacting modified QCD ghost dark energy and generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy with cold dark matter in the framework of dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity. We investigate the cosmological parameters such as Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter and equation of state. We also discuss the physical significance of various cosmological planes like [Formula: see text] and statefinders. It is found that the results of cosmological parameters as well as planes explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe and are compatible with observational data.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ferroferric Oxide Hybrid Composites with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Shu Ruiwen , Wang Meng , Yang Yingying , Chang Siyu , Zhang Gengyuan , Gan Ying , Shi Jianjun , He Jie
Published: October 2017

In this work, reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/ferroferric oxide (RGO/Fe3O4) hybrid composite was successfully fabricated by a facile one-step solvothermal method. The structure, chemical composition, morphology and magnetic properties of the samples were investigated in detail. Fe3O4 microspheres with an average diameter of 250[Formula: see text]nm were uniformly anchored on the surface of the RGO sheets without large aggregation. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the hybrid composite exhibited obviously enhanced microwave absorption properties compared with the pure Fe3O4 microspheres. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the hybrid composite reached [Formula: see text]36.8[Formula: see text]dB at 17.2[Formula: see text]GHz with a thickness of 5.0[Formula: see text]mm and its effective absorption bandwidth (lower than [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]dB) was 3.9[Formula: see text]GHz with a thickness of 2.5[Formula: see text]mm. Significantly, the hybrid composite exhibited a dual-waveband absorption characteristic covering the C and Ku bands. Besides, the relationship between the matching thickness and peak frequency was reasonably explained according to the quarter-wavelength matching theory. Therefore, the obtained composite was a promising candidate for application in microwave absorption.
GAME OPTIONS
Authors: SEBEHELA TUMELLANO
Published: October 2017

This article illustrates concurrent values emanating from mergers in the REIT industry as prior studies on REIT mergers focused only single merger outcome(s). Concurrent values are disentangled using game theory. Results illustrate in game options, there are more than one option value. Finally, option investors can use game options to design arbitrage strategies.
Preload-corrected dynamic Starling mechanism in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hieda Michinari , Howden Erin , Shibata Shigeki , Tarumi Takashi , Lawley Justin , Hearon, Christopher , Palmer Dean , Fu Qi , Zhang Rong , Sarma Satyam , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: October 2017

The beat-to-beat dynamic Starling mechanism (DSM), the dynamic modulation of stroke volume (SV) because of breath-by-breath changes in left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), reflects ventricular-arterial coupling. The purpose of this study was to test whether the LVEDP-SV relationship remained impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients after normalization of LVEDP. Right heart catheterization and model-flow analysis of the arterial pressure waveform were performed while preload was manipulated using lower-body negative pressure to alter LVEDP. The DSM was compared at similar levels of LVEDP between HFpEF patients ( n = 10) and age-matched healthy controls ( n = 12) (HFpEF vs. controls: 10.9 ± 3.8 vs. 11.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, P = 1.00). Transfer function analysis between diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAD) representing dynamic changes in LVEDP vs. SV index was applied to obtain gain and coherence of the DSM. The DSM gain was significantly lower in HFpEF patients than in the controls, even at a similar level of LVEDP (0.46 ± 0.19 vs. 0.99 ± 0.39 ml·m−2·mmHg−1, P = 0.0018). Moreover, the power spectral density of PAD, the input variability, was greater in the HFpEF group than the controls (0.75 ± 0.38 vs. 0.28 ± 0.26 mmHg2, P = 0.01). Conversely, the power spectral density of SV index, the output variability, was not different between the groups ( P = 0.97). There was no difference in the coherence, which confirms the reliability of the linear transfer function between the two groups (0.71 ± 0.13 vs. 0.77 ± 0.19, P = 0.87). The DSM gain in HFpEF patients is impaired compared with age-matched controls even at a similar level of LVEDP, which may reflect intrinsic LV diastolic dysfunction and incompetence of ventricular-arterial coupling.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The beat-to-beat dynamic Starling mechanism (DSM), the dynamic modulation of stroke volume because of breath-by-breath changes in left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), reflects ventricular-arterial coupling. Although the DSM gain is impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients, it is not clear whether this is because of higher LVEDP or left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The DSM gain in HFpEF patients is severely impaired, even at a similar level of LVEDP, which may reflect intrinsic left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
The biomechanics of the fastest sprinter with a unilateral transtibial amputation
Authors: Beck Owen N. , Grabowski Alena M.
Published: October 2017

People have debated whether athletes with transtibial amputations should compete with nonamputees in track events despite insufficient information regarding how the use of running-specific prostheses (RSPs) affect athletic performance. Thus, we sought to quantify the spatiotemporal variables, ground reaction forces, and spring-mass mechanics of the fastest athlete with a unilateral transtibial amputation using an RSP to reveal how he adapts his biomechanics to achieve elite running speeds. Accordingly, we measured ground reaction forces during treadmill running trials spanning 2.87 to 11.55 m/s of the current male International Paralympic Committee T44 100- and 200-m world record holder. To achieve faster running speeds, the present study’s athlete increased his affected leg (AL) step lengths ( P < 0.001) through longer contact lengths ( P < 0.001) and his unaffected leg (UL) step lengths ( P < 0.001) through longer contact lengths ( P < 0.001) and greater stance average vertical ground reaction forces ( P < 0.001). At faster running speeds, step time decreased for both legs ( P < 0.001) through shorter ground contact and aerial times ( P < 0.001). Unlike athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations, this athlete maintained constant AL and UL stiffness across running speeds ( P ≥ 0.569). Across speeds, AL step lengths were 8% longer ( P < 0.001) despite 16% lower AL stance average vertical ground reaction forces compared with the UL ( P < 0.001). The present study’s athlete exhibited biomechanics that differed from those of athletes with bilateral and without transtibial amputations. Overall, we present the biomechanics of the fastest athlete with a unilateral transtibial amputation, providing insight into the functional abilities of athletes with transtibial amputations using running-specific prostheses.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study’s athlete achieved the fastest treadmill running trial ever attained by an individual with a leg amputation (11.55 m/s). From 2.87 to 11.55 m/s, the present study’s athlete maintained constant affected and unaffected leg stiffness, which is atypical for athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations. Furthermore, the asymmetric vertical ground reaction forces of athletes with unilateral transtibial amputations during running may be the result of leg length discrepancies.
TLR4-Mediated Inflammation Promotes KSHV-Induced Cellular Transformation and Tumorigenesis by Activating the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Gruffaz Marion , Vasan Karthik , Tan Brandon , Ramos da Silva Suzane , Gao Shou-Jiang
Published: October 2017

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are conserved immune sensors mediating antimicrobial and antitumoral responses, but recent evidence implicates them in promoting carcinogenesis in certain cancers. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and is characterized by uncontrolled neoangiogenesis and inflammation. Here, we show that TLR4 is upregulated in KSHV-infected spindle tumor cells in human Kaposi sarcoma lesions. In a model of KSHV-induced cellular transformation, KSHV upregulated expression of TLR4, its adaptor MyD88, and coreceptors CD14 and MD2. KSHV induction of TLR4 was mediated by multiple viral miRNAs. Importantly, the TLR4 pathway was activated constitutively in KSHV-transformed cells, resulting in chronic induction of IL6, IL1β, and IL18. Accordingly, IL6 mediated constitutive activation of the STAT3 pathway, an essential event for uncontrolled cellular proliferation and transformation. TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharides or live bacteria enhanced tumorigenesis while TLR4 antagonist CLI095 inhibited it. These results highlight an essential role of the TLR4 pathway and chronic inflammation in KSHV-induced tumorigenesis, which helps explain why HIV-infected patients, who frequently suffer from opportunistic bacterial infections and metabolic complications, frequently develop Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7094–108. ©2017 AACR.
Combinatorial Treatment with mTOR Inhibitors and Streptozotocin Leads to Synergistic In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects in Insulinoma Cells
Authors: Bollard Julien , Patte Céline , Massoma Patrick , Goddard Isabelle , Gadot Nicolas , Benslama Noura , Hervieu Valérie , Ferraro-Peyret Carole , Cordier-Bussat Martine , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Roche Colette , Walter Thomas , Vercherat Cécile
Published: October 2017

Streptozotocin-based chemotherapy is the first-line chemotherapy recommended for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), whereas targeted therapies, including mTOR inhibitors, are available in second-line treatment. Unfortunately, objective response rates to both treatments are limited. Because mTOR pathway activation, commonly observed in pNETs, has been reported as one of the major mechanisms accounting for chemoresistance, we investigated the potential benefit of mTOR inhibition combined with streptozotocin treatment in a subset of pNETs, namely insulinomas. To evaluate the potential of mTOR inhibition in combination with streptozotocin, we selected four different inhibitors acting at various levels of the pathway (everolimus: inhibition of mTORC1; MK-2206: inhibition of AKT; BKM120: inhibition of PI3K, mTORC1, and mTORC2; and BEZ235: inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2). Effects on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in insulinoma cell lines INS-1E (rat) and MIN6 (mouse) in vitro and were confirmed in vivo by using a mouse model of hepatic tumor dissemination after intrasplenic xenograft. In vitro, all four combinations display synergistic effects. These combinations lead to heterogeneous mTOR pathway inhibition, in agreement with their respective target, and increased apoptosis. In vivo, tumor growth in the liver was significantly inhibited by combining streptozotocin with everolimus (P = 0.0014), BKM120 (P = 0.0092), or BEZ235 (P = 0.008) as compared to each agent alone. These results suggest that targeting the mTOR pathway in combination with streptozotocin could be of potential benefit for insulinomas and pNET patients and thus support further clinical investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 60–72. ©2017 AACR.
24‐Hour Blood Pressure Variability Assessed by Average Real Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mena Luis J. , Felix Vanessa G. , Melgarejo Jesus D. , Maestre Gladys E.
Published: October 2017

Background

Although 24‐hour blood pressure (BP) variability (
BPV
) is predictive of cardiovascular outcomes independent of absolute BP levels, it is not regularly assessed in clinical practice. One possible limitation to routine
BPV
assessment is the lack of standardized methods for accurately estimating 24‐hour
BPV
. We conducted a systematic review to assess the predictive power of reported
BPV
indexes to address appropriate quantification of 24‐hour
BPV
, including the average real variability (
ARV
) index.

Methods and Results

Studies chosen for review were those that presented data for 24‐hour
BPV
in adults from meta‐analysis, longitudinal or cross‐sectional design, and examined
BPV
in terms of the following issues: (1) methods used to calculate and evaluate
ARV
; (2) assessment of 24‐hour
BPV
determined using noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring; (3) multivariate analysis adjusted for covariates, including some measure of BP; (4) association of 24‐hour
BPV
with subclinical organ damage; and (5) the predictive value of 24‐hour
BPV
on target organ damage and rate of cardiovascular events. Of the 19 assessed studies, 17 reported significant associations between high
ARV
and the presence and progression of subclinical organ damage, as well as the incidence of hard end points, such as cardiovascular events. In all these cases,
ARV
remained a significant independent predictor (
P
<0.05) after adjustment for BP and other clinical factors. In addition, increased
ARV
in systolic BP was associated with risk of all cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.27). Only 2 cross‐sectional studies did not find that high
ARV
was a significant risk factor.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that
ARV
index adds significant prognostic information to 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring and is a useful approach for studying the clinical value of
BPV
.
Patterns of Movement Reflexes as the Result of the Order of Merge and Agree
Authors: Georgi Doreen
Published: October 2017

In this article, I analyze patterns of reflexes of Ā-movement found within and across languages: reflexes may occur in all or none of the clauses of the dependency, in the clause where the dependency terminates, or solely in clauses where it does not terminate. I argue that the variation can best be captured by the variable timing of Agree and two subtypes of internal Merge (final vs. intermediate movement steps) triggered by a single head: early movement feeds Agree and gives rise to a reflex; late movement has the opposite effect. Since the subtypes of movement can apply at different points relative to Agree, reflexes may occur only in some clauses of the dependency.
Syntactic Tense from a Comparative Syntax Perspective
Authors: Law Paul , Ndayiragije Juvénal
Published: October 2017

Lin (2010) argues that an analysis without a Tense category for Chinese can better explain four syntactic properties of the language than an analysis with it: (a) no copula verb, (b) no expletive subject, (c) possibly no finite vs. nonfinite distinction, and (d) possibly no case-driven A-movement. In this article, we consider data from a variety of languages as well as some Chinese data that Lin does not take into account. We show that there is no principled reason for relating these four properties to syntactic Tense.
Troubling Technology: The Deobandī Debate on the Loudspeaker and Ritual Prayer
Authors: Mian Ali Altaf
Published: October 2017

This article contributes to Islamicist scholarship on the relationship between modern technology and Muslim thought and practice by closely reading and historicizing a twentieth-century South Asian Ḥanafī treatise on the use of the loudspeaker in ritual prayers. In this treatise, the Ḥanafī jurist Muḥammad Shafīʿ discusses the reasons for changing his legal opinion. The jurist first argued that the use of the loudspeaker invalidates the ritual prayer of the congregant (muqtadī). In his revised position, however, he held that the loudspeaker should be avoided in ritual prayers, but that its use does not invalidate the prayer. While Muḥammad Shafīʿ appears to have revised his position in response to newfound scientific knowledge about the ontological status of the loudspeaker’s sound or for the sake of public benefit (maṣlaḥah), I suggest that his revised fatwā was based on distinctive Ḥanafī modes of legal reasoning. By grounding his revised position in casuistry, the muftī renewed his commitment to his law school’s methodologies in a social context in which scientific knowledge and legal pluralism were weakening Ḥanafī modes of reasoning.
Judicial Ijtihād as a Tool for Legal Reform: Extending Women’s Right to Divorce under Islamic Law in Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Zubair
Published: October 2017

In a series of judgments starting in 1959, Pakistani judges reformed Islamic family law by extending women’s right to no-fault based divorce (khulʿ). For this purpose, they directly interpreted the Qurʾān and Sunnah, and removed the requirement of the consent of a husband for judicial khulʿ. This article analyses the methods and the methodological tools that Pakistani judges used to justify the unilateral right of women to no-fault judicial divorce. The analysis shows that instead of following the opinions of classical jurists, Pakistani judges exercised independent legal reasoning (ijtihād). By using judicial ijtihād, Pakistani judges continue to play a key role in reforming classical Islamic family law with changing circumstances.
The caudal appendix as an important character to identify various species in the genus Stenalpheops (Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Sha Zhongli
Published: October 2017

The nominal genera Chelomalpheus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta Hayashi, 1998 were treated as synonyms of Stenalpheops Miya, 1997 in the paper by Anker et al. (2001). Therefore, the type species of those genera (Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998, respectively) were synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997. Actually, those authors ignored that the morphological characters of the three species mentioned above show differences. For instance, all type specimens of Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 are without a caudal appendix; the large male specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998 have an abnormal shaped chela, which corresponds with the middle stage in a growth series of another nominal species, i.e., S. anacanthus. The opportunity to study abundant specimens from the China seas established that the type specimens of S. anacanthus Miya, 1997 are in fact composed of two species, and the same was found for the type specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998; in addition, Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 was found to be a valid species and is transferred to Stenalpheops; and S. crangonus (Anker, Jeng & Chan, 2001) is herein synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997, which name has priority, and this valid species is now re-described herein.
Parental Rights in Relation to Denominational Schooling under the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Temperman Jeroen
Published: October 2017

Whereas the bulk of Article 2 Protocol i cases concerns aspects of the public-school framework and curriculum, this article explores Convention rights in the realm of denominational schooling. It is outlined that the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court generally strongly supports the rights of parents not to send their child to state-organized schools and hence to establish or avail of private, denominational schooling instead. In this area of private schooling, the Strasbourg Court could build a stronger body of jurisprudence against discriminatory funding policies. The Court is right in seeing no state duty to fund denominational schools, but where intricate funding policies serve to privilege the state or dominant religion and their schools, at the disadvantage of minority religion schools, the Court should come into action.
Romans 8—Interchange Leading to Deification
Authors: Nygaard Mathias
Published: October 2017

In this article, I argue that the notion of “participation” often used to describe Paul’s soteriology in Romans entails a form of deification. In chapter 8 Paul develops this notion through the use of an interchange dynamic whereby believers are given a share in righteousness, sonship, glory, immortality, power over evil and love. Justification and participation both have their natural goal in being united with God in love (Rom 8:37-39). In a concluding hymn Paul uses a non-propositional description of a love which comes to humans from the outside of creation. This concluding metaphor ties together the other ones in a non-representational image of God as a person. God stretches into creation and makes humans capax dei, able to receive. This image of deification enables Paul to construct a story of interpersonal interactions of love, and results in an irreducible and apophatic anthropology.
Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from western Sichuan, China, based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: LI ZHI , YIN GEN-SHEN , TANG MING , LI WEI-PING
Published: October 2017

Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from two populations of the eastern Mt. Hengduanshan region in western Sichuan, China, is illustrated and described. The new species is similar to A. ageratoides in habit, triplinerved leaves, lower and basal leaves withering at anthesis, terminal paniculate-corymbiform to corymbiform synflorescences, and 3–5-seriate phyllaries, but differs from it by falcate leaves with long acuminate to caudate apex, 5–7(–9) ray florets, and (2–)4–5 disc florets. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of internal and external transcribed spacers of nrDNA, we demonstrated that the two populations form a highly supported clade, are closely related to but not nested within the A. ageratoides clade, which supports that A. oliganthus is a good species and belongs to A. subgen. Aster sect. Ageratoides. Cytological observation shows that the new species is diploid with its karyotype being 2n =2x =18 = 16m + 2sm.
The identity of Homalium breviracemosum (Salicaceae)
Authors: XU SHENJIAN , SHANG CE , ZHANG ZHIXIANG , ZHAO LIANGCHENG
Published: October 2017

The taxonomic status of Homalium breviracemosum How & Ko (Salicaceae), a species endemic to China, has long been questionable. Due to lack of material, the reliability of its taxonomic characters is unknown and the species has been retained. Following extensive field investigations, population sampling and examination of specimens, we consider that the characters previously used to distinguish between H. breviracemosum and H. cochinchinense (Loureiro) Druce, i.e. the length of inflorescences and the density of indumentum, vary continuously within populations and should not be used to distinguish between the two species. Therefore, the name H. breviracemosum is here reduced to the synonym of H. cochinchinense.
Taxonomic revision of Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón: reassignment of Austrosimulium colboi and description of P. obcidens n. sp. from Western Australia
Authors: CRAIG DOUGLAS A. , MOULTON JOHN K. , CURRIE DOUGLAS C.
Published: October 2017

The hitherto monotypic South American genus Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón is revised to accommodate two Australian species: Austrosimulium colboi Davies & Györkös and Paraustrosimulium obcidens n. sp. The generic diagnosis is updated and the eastern Australian species Paraustrosimulium colboi (Davies & Györkös) n. stat. is re-described, including the male for the first time. The Western, Australian sister species of P. colbo, namely P. obcidens Craig, Moulton Currie n. sp. is also fully described. The relationship of Paraustrosimulium to other simuliid genera is discussed, as are aspects of historical biogeography.
The genus Acellomyia González, a new taxonomic arrangement of its species and descriptions of a new genus and two new species from southern South America (Diptera: Tabanidae: Diachlorini)
Authors: GONZÁLEZ CHRISTIAN R.
Published: October 2017

The tabanid tribe Diachlorini (Diptera) is the most genus-rich tribe in the Tabanidae; the tribe is cosmopolitan, but the greatest species richness and morphological diversity are found in the Australasian and Neotropical Regions. A new arrangement for the species of Acellomyia González is given; Acellomyia lauta (Hine) is transferred to a new genus, Montismyia gen.n., based on its morphological differences from Acellomyia and geographical distribution. The morphological differences between Acellomyia and Montismyia gen. n. are discussed. Two new species, Acellomyia casablanca sp.n. and Acellomyia puyehue sp.n., are described from specimens collected in southern Chile. Comparison of the morphology of Acellomyia paulseni mapuche (Coscarón & Philip) stat.nov. indicate that they should be elevated to species rank. A key to species of Acellomyia is provided and diagnostic characters are illustrated.
Suicidality and Intersectionality Among Students Identifying as Nonheterosexual and With a Disability
Authors: King Matthew T. , Merrin Gabriel J. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Grant Nickholas J. , Bub Kristen L.
Published: October 2017

Research about students with disabilities and students identifying as LGBQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning) reveals that both populations report more suicidality and peer victimization and less school connectedness than do their peers. No study has previously examined the intersection of these identities with regard to peer victimization, school connectedness, and suicidality. Using a sample of 11,364 high school students, we examined the relationships among these identities, peer victimization, and school connectedness with suicidal ideation. Compared with their peers without either identity, students identifying with one of these identities reported higher levels of suicidal ideation. School connectedness and peer victimization each moderated the association between identity and suicidal ideation. In addition, students who were victimized more than their peers and who identified both with a disability and as LGBQ ( n = 250) reported the highest levels of suicidal ideation. School-based victimization and suicide prevention programs should consider students’ multiple identities.
Cure cycle design to suppress moisture-driven bubble growth in polymer composites
Authors: Mohseni SM , Fernlund G , Lane M
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses how theories of moisture diffusion and bubble growth in liquid polymers can be used to determine the temperature and pressure conditions of the resin under which stable and unstable bubble growth is expected. The applicability of these bubble growth criteria is validated by videotaping bubble growth in moisture conditioned MTM 45-1 epoxy resin samples in-situ using a digital microscope. The bubble growth criteria are then used together with cure kinetics and viscosity models for the resin to design cure cycles that suppresses bubble growth for different moisture levels in the resin. The validity and applicability of the proposed cure cycle design approach are confirmed with experiments.
MicroRNA-155-3p Mediates TNF-α-Inhibited Cementoblast Differentiation
Authors: Wang X. , Sun H. , Liao H. , Wang C. , Jiang C. , Zhang Y. , Cao Z.
Published: October 2017

Periodontitis is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease that is interrelated with systemic health. Periodontitis can be promoted by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Cementum, a vital part of the periodontium, is a bone-like mineralized tissue that is produced by cementoblasts. Our laboratory previously revealed that TNF-α inhibits cementoblast differentiation and mineralization. However, how TNF-α modulates cementoblast differentiation and mineralization remains largely unknown. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is induced and regulates TNF-α-inhibited osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we found that miR-155-3p was increased during TNF-α-stimulated OCCM-30 cells and involved in cementoblast differentiation and mineralization. Overexpression of miR-155-3p suppressed cementoblast mineralization. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1 ( Kctd1) is a candidate target gene of miR-155-3p. Moreover, miR-155-3p overexpression suppressed KCTD1 levels. Meanwhile, its knockdown increased KCTD1 expression. Transfection with miR-155-3p also inhibited the luciferase activity of 3′-untranslated regions in the Kctd1 wild type but not the mutant. These data indicated that Kctd1 is a direct and novel target of miR-155-3p. The Wnt signaling pathway inhibits cementoblast differentiation, and we further demonstrated that miR-155-3p partially modulates cementoblast differentiation through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In addition to the gain/loss function assay of miR-155-3p, the luciferase activity assay of canonical Wnt signaling was performed. The assays revealed that miR-155-3p increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation. Overall, our data clarified that miR-155-3p mediated TNF-α-inhibited cementoblast differentiation by targeting Kctd1, at least partially through canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These findings reveal the expanded function of miRNAs in cementoblast differentiation and mineralization.
Food Sovereignty, Food Access, and the Local Food Movement in Southeastern North Carolina
Authors: Hossfeld Leslie , Kelly E. Brooke , O’Donnell Erin , Waity Julia
Published: October 2017

Food sovereignty is about the right to healthy food and the right to have control over one’s food. This article examines opportunities and challenges in the efforts of Feast Down East (FDE), a local food systems movement in Southeastern North Carolina, to develop a food sovereignty program linking limited resource consumers and growers in an effort to provide access to healthy, affordable, and culturally appropriate foods in a low-income community. Several FDE initiatives attempt to address common problems in limited resource communities, such as food insecurity, food access, and knowledge about healthy food preparation. “Fresh markets,” which are run by low-income consumers and sell affordable produce, link limited resource farmers to urban, low-income public housing neighborhoods. Nutrition and cooking classes are offered at the market sites, and recipes are distributed at the point of sale. FDE’s Food Sovereignty Program also partners with other organizations, such as Food Corps to raise awareness about healthy eating in schools, and two local nonprofits to provide fresh produce boxes to low-income residents. Surveys of 16 program participants conducted by extension leaders indicate increases in food security, healthy eating habits, and physical activity among participants. Semistructured interviews with four community resident leaders illuminate some of the barriers of neighborhood effects and other challenges in cultivating food sovereignty, such as living conditions, politics of place, and broader inequalities. Additional initiatives that address food sovereignty in limited resource communities are needed as a means of expanding access and gaining additional knowledge about challenges in doing so.
Regenerating Bodies
Authors: Fisch Michael
Published: October 2017

This article is an expanded commentary on the essay “The Social Life of ‘Scaffolds’: Examining Human Rights in Regenerative Medicine.” In discussing the limits and possibilities of the essay, this commentary suggests that problematizing scaffolds in regenerative medicine as a kind of infrastructure rather than prosthetic opens the way for an understanding of the genesis of regenerative assemblages in ways that help to reframe inherent issues of human rights. Ultimately, it proposes the notion of experimental ecologies as a way of thinking about an ethically driven productive entanglement of bodies, environments, and technology.
The Art of Paolo Cirio: Exposing New Myths of Big Data Structures
Authors: Manghani Sunil
Published: October 2017

This article examines the work of internet activist and artist Paolo Cirio, whose practice intersects with matters of copyright, privacy, transparency and corporate finance. His project Loophole for All, for example, exposes the practice of tax evasion in the Cayman Islands by counterfeiting Certificate of Incorporation documents. An important aspect of Cirio’s work is how he names himself in the process. Placed within our contemporary ‘data turn’, his work is framed critically in this article in terms of a ‘new structuralist’ account of culture and society. The article attends to the view that power increasingly comes through the algorithm, but argues that we risk reifying so-called generative rules, which may simply be algorithms out of sight. Cirio’s art practice helps focus on what it means to make a critique of contemporary and ubiquitous algorithm structures. As part of this, the article considers how ‘anonymity’ underlies subversive art practices of the 20th century and contemporary protest groups, but that this anonymity arguably undermines attempts to effect change.
Complete detoxification is the most effective treatment of medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial
Authors: Carlsen Louise Ninett , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Bendtsen Lars
Published: October 2017

Background

There is lack of evidence on how to detoxify medication-overuse headache.

Aim

To compare the effect of complete stop of acute medication with restricted intake.

Methods

Medication-overuse headache patients were included in a prospective, outpatient study and randomized to two months’ detoxification with either a) no analgesics or acute migraine-medication (program A), or b) acute medication restricted to two days/week (program B). Detoxification was followed by preventives if indicated. Patients were followed up at 2, 6 and 12 months. Percentage reduction in headache days/month after 6 months was the primary outcome.

Results

We included 72 medication-overuse headache patients with a primary migraine and/or tension-type headache diagnosis. Fifty-nine completed detoxification, 58 (81%) were followed up at month 6 and 53 (74%) at month 12. At month 6, program A reduced headache days/month by 46% (95% CI 34–58) compared with 22% (95% CI 11–34) in program-B ( p = 0.005), and 70% in program A versus 42% in program B were reverted to episodic headache ( p = 0.04). Migraine-days/month were reduced by 7.2 in program A ( p < 0.001) and 3.6 in program B ( p = 0.002) after 6 months.

Conclusion

Both detoxification programs were very effective. Detoxification without analgesics or acute migraine-medication was the most effective program.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02903329).
Structural analysis and mechanical properties of lignite fly-ash-added jute–epoxy polymer matrix composite
Authors: Sathishkumar GK , Rajkumar G , Srinivasan K , Umapathy MJ
Published: October 2017

The role of lignite fly ash in determining the physical properties of polymer matrix composite is studied in the present investigation. For that, different compositions of polymer matrix composite were prepared using epoxy polymer resin with lignite fly ash and jute fiber in the combination of (90 −  x) EP − 10 JF −  xLFA (where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt.%) through hand layup technique followed by light compression molding technique. The changes in the physical properties of polymer matrix composite, when fly ash was added, were found to be quite interesting. A linear increase in mechanical strength such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact energy, and barcol hardness was observed up to the addition of 2 wt.% fly ash content in the polymer matrix composite. Scanning electron microscope image of the composite sample EPJF2.0 showed the distribution of the fly ash, minimal voids, and fiber pullouts presented at the fractured surface. Of all the prepared polymer matrix composites, the sample EPJF2.0 showed a higher mechanical strength and better thermal stability than the other samples.
A Test in the High School Context of Berdahl’s Status Theory of Sex-Based Harassment
Authors: Shute Rosalyn H.
Published: October 2017

This study, carried out in the high school context, is the first direct test of Berdahl’s status theory of sex-based harassment. The theory covers not just male harassment of females, but female harassment of males and same-sex harassment. Participants were 771 males and 679 females, from Years 8 to 10, in five co-educational lower socioeconomic status (SES) Australian city schools, participating in a wider study of peer victimization. They indicated on a 5-point scale (from never to almost every day) how frequently they had experienced each of six sex-based harassment behaviors over the previous year, from same-sex and from opposite-sex peers, and responded to a question about sense of safety at school. Nonparametric analyses supported five of seven hypotheses derived from the theory: boys harassed others most often, girls were harassed most often, boy-to-girl harassment was the most frequent, girls harassed girls more than they did boys, and girl-to-boy harassment was the least frequent. However, contrary to the theory, boys’ same-sex harassment was no more frequent than that between girls, and girl-to-girl harassment was just as threatening to victims’ sense of safety as boy-to-boy harassment. The study largely supports Berdahl’s theory. The unexpected results can be understood in terms of the intimate nature of adolescent girls’ groups in high schools and their centrality for identity formation. In this context, girls are highly motivated to defend their status in terms of stereotypically feminine standards regarding appearance, sexual activity, and access to high-status boys. The theory implies that structural changes to reduce the salience of sex differences and sex stereotyping will be crucial to efforts to address sex-based harassment.
Race, Bullying, and Public Perceptions of School and University Safety
Authors: Shelley Walter W. , Pickett Justin T. , Mancini Christina , McDougle Robyn Diehl , Rissler Grant , Cleary Hayley
Published: October 2017

Bullying and school crime are important social problems that are receiving increased attention by scholars and policy makers. However, several critical questions remain unaddressed. First, does the public perceive bullying as a serious problem and judge schools—primary, secondary, and postsecondary—as safe or unsafe? Second, does the public use a “bullying lens” to judge school safety—that is, do citizens understand bullying as a serious threat to students’ well-being? Third, are there racial differences in these perceptions? Prior research identifies racial differences in the prevalence of bullying, as well as in students’ views of school safety and citizens’ fear of crime. Similar racial gaps may characterize public perceptions of bullying and school safety. This study begins to illuminate answers to these questions by analyzing data from a representative sample of Virginians. Multivariate regression analyses produce several notable findings. First, we find that members of the public believe bullying in schools is an increasingly serious problem, and their perceptions of bullying influence their judgments of whether schools and colleges/universities are safe. Second, Black members of the public are more likely than persons from other racial and ethnic backgrounds to perceive that bullying is increasing and is a serious problem in schools, and, in turn, to judge that schools and universities are less safe. Our results indicate that members of the public see bullying as a principal threat to student safety. They suggest there is a strong reservoir of public support for antibullying initiatives and, more broadly, efforts to increase student safety.