bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCEPT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF «ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS», VORONEZH)
Authors: Подвальный С. Л. , Сотникова О. А. , Золотухина Я. А.
Published: December 2020

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов.

Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.
Menakar Undang-undang Pornografi dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad , Jannah Sa'adal , Awal Rifai
Published: December 2020

This article aimed to give consideration to the existence of the Pornography Law in Indonesia. This law should be appreciated as an effort to stem the flow of pornography which is supported by the fast current of technology. In this article, the Pornography Law will be viewed from a philosophical perspective on Islamic law, particularly Maqasid Syari’ah. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method that focuses on the study of script and using a normative theological approach. The result of the study reveals that the existence of the pornography law must be appreciated because it aims to improve the morals of the nation's children. From an Islamic perspective, the Pornography Law is seen from two aspects, namely Maqashid Syari’ah as the argumentative basis and hudud and ta’zir as the basis for imposing sanctions. The implication of the research is that application of the pornography law can be maximized and is able to see things that need to be improved in it.
El derecho a la libertad sindical de los trabajadores en la Constitución de la República de Cuba de 2019
Authors: Lam Peña Reynaldo Jorge
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión analiza la configuración jurídico constitucional del derecho a la libertad sindical de los trabajadores en la Constitución cubana de 2019. Parte de su reconocimiento constitucional dentro del derecho de asociación, tendencia heredada de los países del Bloque Socialista del siglo XX, esbozando criterios en torno a su contenido esencial como derecho fundamental y la respuesta, de su regulación actual, para hacerle frente a otros derechos laborales colectivos reconocidos en la ordenación jurídica nacional y las garantías constitucionales de su ejercicio.
Derecho a una educación de calidad, formación de Juristas como práctica docente
Authors: Morales Zamorano Miguel Arturo , Valenzuela Miranda Valenzuela Miranda , Ramírez Villaescusa Rafael
Published: December 2020

El derecho a una educación de calidad (CPEUM:3; PNUD,2020:4), obliga a Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), a formar estudiantes científicamente. Formar en ciencias a un estudiante de Derecho es formar Juristas o profesionales capaces de operar sobre las Normas jurídicas para que en su confección y vigencia lleguen a generar justicia y equidad evitando impunidades y tantos objetivos ulteriores que impactan a la vez al resto de los Derechos humanos.Diferenciar definitoriamente los conceptos de “Jurista” y el de “Abogado litigante” parece sencillo, pero requiere de analizar la factibilidad metodológica de una práctica formativa extraordinaria que permita a estudiantes aspirar a ser amorosos amantes de la Norma Jurídica (como objeto de estudio del Derecho), y no solo “usuarios” a conveniencia de la misma. En un contexto de pandemia, mediante clases virtuales vía TEAMS, se opera este paquete didáctico innovador que ha generado hallazgos que podrían permitir la réplica de este ejercicio en  otra institución de enseñanza del   Derecho interesada.
El Derecho de Protección de Datos Personales
Authors: Arellano López Christian Alberto
Published: December 2020

En el documento se plasma la nueva dimensión otorgada a los Datos Personales, a partir  de  diversas  reformas  constitucionales y disposiciones legales  relacionadas con  los  sistemas  locales y  nacional en  materia  de  Transparencia y Protección de Datos Personales, que responsabiliza a  los  sujetos  obligados,   a transitar  de  un concepto  de Gestión de Datos Personales (GDP)  al de un  Sistema de Gestión de Protección de Datos Personales (SGPDP), integrado a las políticas de la transparencia, acceso a la información, derecho a la verdad, privacidad,  intimidad, autodeterminación informativa, libertad personal, dignidad humana, interés público, límites al estado y memoria colectiva, lo que conlleva obligaciones de carácter humano, materiales, administrativas, tecnológicas y de estructura organizacional de alto nivel, entre ellas, el minimizar los riesgos por discrecionalidad, desconocimiento y abuso de poder en el tratamiento y  transferencias de Datos Personales durante  el proceso de implementación  de  los Sistema de Gestión de Protección de Datos Personales Institucionales (SGPDPI) especialmente en las épocas de  transición, por relevos  de personal, trienios o sexenales.
Online Collaborative Writing (OCW) in Arabic as a Second Language (ASL) Classrooms: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Alwaleedi Mohammed
Published: December 2020

This study investigated how ASL learners interact during the OCW tasks, how ASL learners perceive the implementation of OCW, and whether or not there is a difference in students’ ASL writing performance before and after the implementation of OCW. This study employed a mixed-method study, a qualitative case study and a one-group experimental with pre-and-posttest design, involving 16 students who participated in the ASL writing class. The collected data included observations, document analysis, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Pre- and post-test results were compared to analyze whether or not there is a statistically significant difference in students’ ASL writing skills before and after the implementation of OCW. The findings showed variations in interaction patterns during online collaborative writing activities. The students also had a positive perception of the implementation of OCW. The results also indicated a statistically significant difference in students’ ASL writing skills before and after the implementation of OCW.
“Vergi Ensiklopediyası” vergilər haqqında zəruri məlumat mənbəyidir
Authors: Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Azərbaycan iqtisadiyyatı dinamik, davamlı inkişaf yolundadır. Ulu öndər Heydər Əliyevin müəyyənləşdirdiyi və möhtərəm Prezident İlham Əliyevin müasir dünyanın çağırışlarına uyğun olaraq daha da zənginləşdirdiyi uzunmüddətli sosial-iqtisadi inkişaf strategiyasının uğurla həyata keçirilməsi nəticəsində ölkəmiz iqtisadiyyatın bütün sahələrində mühüm nailiyyətlər əldə edir. Elmi əsaslarla, dərin və hərtərəfli təhlillərə istinadən, praqmatik düşüncə və böyük uzaqgörənliklə işlənib hazırlanan və gerçəklşdirilən iqtisadi siyasətin diqqətəlayiq nəticələri Azərbaycanın beynəlxalq aləmdə nüfuzunu yüksəldir, dünya iqtisadi sisteminə inteqrasiyasını genişləndirir. Bu siyasətin tərkib hissəsi olan səmərəli büdcə-vergi siyasəti də dövlətimizin iqtisadi qüdrətinin durmadan artırılmasına xidmət edir. Azərbaycanın müstəqilliyi dövründə formalaşmış və hazırda beynəlxalq miqyasda da böyük maraq doğuran çevik vergi sistemində davamlı islahatlar həyata keçirilir. 2000-ci ildə Vergilər Nazirliyinin yaranması, 2001-ci il yanvarın 1-dən Vergi Məcəlləsinin quvvəyə minməsi ilə olkəmizdə müasir tələblərə cavab verən normal vergi sisteminin yaradılmasında müstəsna rol oynamışdır.
Learning soft skills in the digital age: Challenges and insights from development and teaching 'Negotiation Management' MOOC
Authors: Kopolovich Orna
Published: December 2020

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), growing in number in recent years, occupy a significant place as an open educational resource, and provide insights into the development process as well as offer an innovative educational experience. This reflective article examines insights gathered during the development and offering of two sessions of a Negotiation Management MOOC. The article reviews the development process of the course which is built as a series of situations that simulate real-life moments. The episodes are displayed in a mini case format, based on the principle of sitcoms and the 'edutainment' (educational entertainment) approach. The video clips combine the simulations with the lecturer's analysis, using theories, models, and concepts from their course and training. This is intended to produce a strong emotional engagement in the course content and to motivate the students to continue learning. The developmental stages raised pedagogical questions around content and training, relating to the length of the video clips, interactive learning, and communication. Those stages are presented in the first part of this article. In addition, in its second part, the article offers insights from two target audiences as reported in the student experience reports. The surveys refer to the teaching method, the length of the videos, interactive learning and the unique integration of lecturers and actors in the videos. The student surveys and the lecturer's perspective give insights concerning course development and teaching approach for the Edutainment MOOC approach. These insights will assist other MOOC development and teaching teams, specifically soft skill MOOCs.
Experimental study of the structure of a gas flow in curvilinear channels of variable cross-section
Authors: Чехранов С.В. , Симашов Р.Р.
Published: December 2020

Целью работы является изучение влияния степени конфузорности и радиусов кривизны на структуру потока и уровень потерь кинетической энергии в единичных криволинейных каналах. Такое исследование проводится в связи с тем, что межлопаточные каналы малорасходных турбин с большим углом поворота потока в рабочем колесе оказывают определяющее влияние на к.п.д. турбин такой конструкции. Поэтому для исследования выбраны каналы прямоугольного сечения с углом поворота потока 167 град. при степени конфузорности 0,5 и 0,7. При использовании в качестве рабочего тела воздуха результаты исследования показали, что уровень потерь кинетической энергии тем ниже, чем меньше значение степени конфузорности и меньше радиус кривизны. А исследование структуры потока показало, что увеличение радиуса кривизны приводит к смыканию вторичных вихрей и увеличению протяженности поверхности трения, что и является причиной возрастания потерь энергии в каналах с повышенным радиусом кривизны.

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the degree of confusion and radii of curvature on the flow structure and the level of kinetic energy losses in single curvilinear channels. Such a study is carried out due to the fact that the interscapular channels of low-consumption turbines with a large flow angle in the impeller have a decisive effect on the efficiency of turbines of this design. Therefore, for the study, channels of rectangular cross-section with a flow rotation angle of 167 at a degree of confusion of 0.5 and 0.7 were selected. When using air as a working medium, the study results showed that the level of kinetic energy losses is lower, the lower the value of the confusion degree and the smaller the curvature radius. And the study of the flow structure showed that an increase in the radius of curvature leads to the closure of secondary vortices and an increase in the length of the friction surface, which is the reason for the increase in energy losses in channels with an increased radius of curvature.
Research of transient processes in case of single-phase insulation faults in low-voltage ship power grids, taking into account the resistance at the fault point
Authors: Кажекин И.Е.
Published: December 2020

В работе рассмотрены вопросы безопасности бортовых электросетей объектов морской индустрии, показано влияние перенапряжений на их основные показатели, которыми определяются опасности смертельных электротравм, опасности возникновения пожаров и взрывов. Представлены результаты математического моделирования электрического разряда по уравнению Майра с учетом особенностей переходного процесса при однофазных замыканиях на корпус. Показана роль напряжения смещения нейтрали по постоянному потенциалу, наибольшие значения которого формируются при неустойчивом контакте фазы с корпусом судна. Описаны результаты экспериментальных исследований переходных процессов, сопровождающихся возникновением неустойчивыми искровыми разрядами. Сравнение результатов расчета по предложенной методике с результатами физических экспериментов показало весьма удовлетворительную сходимость. Предложенная модель может быть использована для уточнения показателей, характеризующих безопасность судовых электросетей.

The paper deals with the safety issues of on-board power grids of the marine industry facilities, shows the influence of overvoltages on their main indicators, which determine the dangers of fatal electrical injuries, the risk of fires and explosions. The results of mathematical modeling of an electric discharge according to the Mayr equation, taking into account the features of the transient process in single-phase short circuits to the case, are presented. The role of the bias voltage of the neutral at a constant potential is shown, the highest values ​​of which are formed during unstable contact of the phase with the ship's hull. The results of experimental studies of transient processes accompanied by the appearance of unstable spark discharges are described. Comparison of the calculation results by the proposed method with the results of physical experiments showed a very satisfactory convergence. The proposed model can be used to refine the indicators characterizing the safety of ship power grids.
Power quality improvement recommendations for shipboard power systems
Authors: Белей В.Ф. , Харитонов М.С. , Брижак Р.О.
Published: December 2020

В настоящее время на судах и объектах морской индустрии широко внедряется энергосберегающее электрооборудование, что позволяет добиться резкого снижения расхода электроэнергии и массогабаритных показателей оборудования, существенно расширяет функциональные возможности электротехнических комплексов и систем, приводит к улучшению эксплуатационных характеристик. Однако использование новейших энергосберегающих технологий, основанных на нелинейных элементах, и коммутация электрооборудования приводит к ухудшению качества электрической энергии в судовой электроэнергетической системе. В то же время, растет число потребителей, предъявляющих к качеству электроэнергии повышенные требования. В итоге, работа судовых энергокомплексов может отличаться от расчетной, а в ряде случаев становится аварийной. В работе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований показателей качества электрической энергии в судовой электроэнергетической системе учебного парусного судна «Крузенштерн». Представлены результаты лабораторных исследований на физической модели судовой электростанции с источниками электромагнитных помех, обоснованы организационные и технические решения по снижению уровня электромагнитных помех в судовых электроэнергетических системах.

Nowadays, energy-saving electrical equipment is widely introduced on ships and maritime industry facilities. It leads to a decrease in power consumption, weight and dimensions of equipment, significantly expands the functionality of electrical complexes and systems, and provides improvement of operational characteristics. However, the use of the latest energy-saving technologies based on non-linear elements and the switching of electrical equipment leads to a deterioration in the quality of electrical energy in the ship's electric power system. At the same time, the number of consumers with increased requirements for the quality of electricity is growing. As a result, the operation of ship power complexes may differ from the normal one, and in some cases it becomes emergency. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of electric power quality indicators in the ship's electric power system of the sail training ship "Kruzenshtern". The results of laboratory studies on a physical model of a ship power plant with sources of electromagnetic interference are presented, organizational and technical solutions to reduce the level of electromagnetic interference in ship power systems are substantiated.
A Review of Equipment Contribution among Recreational Scuba Divers
Authors: Tuan Abdullah Tengku Noor Zaliha , Noor Aina Amirah
Published: December 2020

Scuba diving is one of the most popular activities that involve risks with nature. It can lead to major injuries or even cause deaths. The rate of exposure to fatality among scuba divers has become a major concern. The number of fatalities among the divers in the United States (U.S.) and Canada is in between 80 to 100 per year. The statistic also shows over 16 fatalities rate among the divers in the U.S. and Canada for every 100,000 recreational divers per year. There are three countries with a high number of deaths among the divers in Asia, which are Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. The statistic shows that these three countries have an increasing number of accidents in scuba diving activities. The upshot rate of fatalities should not be neglected and needed a critical emphasis. This paper aims to propose a framework that shows the effect of diving equipment on accidents among scuba divers. A review of previous studies was conducted to meet the objective. A previous study indicated that diving equipment had a relationship with human error in the scuba diving activity. Diving equipment condition can be measured based on equipment malfunction, faults, and misuse. Diving equipment can be one of the factors that lead to accidents among divers. For scuba diving, divers need to know the equipment before continuing with the activities to avoid any undesired situation. A direct relationship was proposed to find the effect of diving equipment and accidents. The study will contribute to the tourism sector for marine tourism’s sustainability in reducing fatality accidents among recreational divers.
Uprawnienia funkcjonariuszy służb mundurowych związane z rodzicielstwem
Authors: Witoszko Wioletta
Published: December 2020

Service regulations which define employment of uniform service officers in regards to parental rights, predicts provisions which refer to applying the provisions of the Labour Code. It means that, the services regulations are not complete, and therefore application of provisions from other law systems is allowed.
Another example of relations between a uniform service employment and the labour law, is introducing rules to service regulations which are similar (or identical) to a labour law. As previously mentioned, the amount of benefit payment during the leave related to childcare, has been regulated in the same way to they employees who take this kind of leave.
Making officer’s status similar to employe’s status cause diverse consequences for officers. Some of them are more favorable to officers, for example parental rights. In this way, officers can benefit from these rights regardless of gender. Almost in the same way as employees, officers also have a right to additional maternity leave and childcare leave. Other changes, in relation to making officer’s status similar to employe’s status, cause however loss of service officers’ privileges, for example decreased pay during sick leave.
Ramy prawne i instytucjonalne edukacji skazanych cudzoziemców i ich realizacja w praktyce penitencjarnej
Authors: Ornowska Alicja
Published: December 2020

The increase of the number of foreigners in prison population poses growing challenges in the everyday practice of penitentiary institutions. The paper focuses on the most important of all the rehabilitation methods – prison education. It discusses legal regulation and penal practice of educating prisoners. In the paper it is outlined what are the norms of national and international law that govern treatment of foreign prisoners. Polish penitentiary law has adopted a rule of non-discrimination of prisoners on the ground of their nationality. Therefore, there are no differences in regulation on prison education between nationals and foreigners. The rationale for this is controversial, concerning the fact that education of foreign prisoners is especially demanding and that they need to get special assistance in assimilating, communicating and learning the language. All foreign prisoners should be prepared for release in a such a way that facilitates their reintegration into society, whether they are to remain in Poland or are to be transferred or expelled.
List żelazny na tle prawnoporównawczym
Authors: Drajewicz Dariusz
Published: December 2020

The author presents a historical outline of the safe conduct and analyses regulations concerning the safe conduct in the German speaking provisions, particular in the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure of 1873, the German Code of Criminal Procedure of 1877, the Liechtenstein Code of Criminal Procedure of 1988, the Swiss German Code of Criminal Procedure of 2007, and international agreements. The author explains also the subject of the safe conduct protection, scope of its protection, and an agency offering such a protection. This article shows differences between legal solutions provided for in these provisions and in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure of 1997. The author focuses also on the advantages of foreign solutions versus Polish safe-conduct regulations and analysis of the proposals of legislative amendments, presenting de lege ferenda postulates.
Krąg rodziców i dzieci uprawnionych do posiadania karty dużej rodziny a konstytucyjna zasada równości wobec prawa
Authors: Dziedzic Filip
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is the justification of the thesis that the differentiation of the legal situation of parents on the basis of the Act on the Large Family Card, who have established a family with at least three children violates the constitutional principle of equality before the law. On the one hand some parents are entitled to use the card without any time limit, and on the other hand there is a group of parents who also have large families, but are totally deprived of the right. According to the author of the article, the diversity does not represent any constitutionally protected value and the discrimination occurs due to the unlimited duration of the right to own the Card by eligible parents. The result of the above, as well as the fourth (another) child’s right to the Card depending on holding the Card by the parent, is discriminatory for the children born as the fourth (next) child in the family. The article is also an attempt to answer the question which way would be the best to remove the above-mentioned discrimination thus making it most coherent with the objective and content of the analyzed regulation.
Polska Bibliografia Prawnicza – przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość (w związku z jubileuszem 50-lecia)
Authors: Włosek Grażyna
Published: December 2020

Polish of Law Bibliography is an important instrument supporting the work of researchers, students, lawyers and other persons applying the law. Its origins date back to the XIX century. The database recording polish literature of law and related areas. It is created in the Institute of Law Studies Polish Academy of Sinces. It operates in three forms: yearbook, electronic database and a module in the system of legal information publishers Wolters Kluwer and C.H. Beck. The electronic version bibliography contains 430,000 records and covers 1965-2015.

Registration of the electronic version retrospective yearsbooks Polish Law Bibliography is currently in progress.
Trybunał Konstytucyjny w poszukiwaniu legitymizacji. Szkic z socjologii prawa
Authors: Dębska Hanna
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to show how the social legitimacy of the Constitutional Court in Poland is constructed. Social legitimacy is considered here in two dimensions. At the macrostructural level the socio-political processes, that led to the creation of the constitutional court are analysed. The microstructural dimension focuses on examining how the individual socio-demographic characteristics of the Constitutional Court’ judges (their scientific degrees, legal practice, political experience and institutions of power), contribute to the strengthening of the Constitutional Court’s position. Thus, the paper argues that the legitimacy of the Court is made by constructing the neutrality of the institution, in particular by locating it in opposition to politics and reinforced by the academic faction of the legal field. The study is based on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu (and his follower Frédéric Lebaron), as well as inspired by Durkheimian sociology of religion.
Zakaz dyskryminacji ze względu na wyznanie lub światopogląd w prawie polskim
Authors: Borecki Paweł
Published: December 2020

In the contemporary Polish law, there are two opposing trends already visible in the Constitution of 1997. Clear is to strive to eliminate discrimination based on belief in religious matters in all areas of the unit, with the exception-pretty private life. Guarantees are both of a general nature and detail, especially in the wider field of employment. At the same time clearly the phenomenon of discrimination in the field of legal protection and in the field of freedom to manifest one’s beliefs in religious matters irreligious people professing belief. Not-quite legally evaluated, compared and religious organizations are called la-Decision-making organizations. The phenomenon of discrimination (unequal treatment) because of religion there is so-that between followers of different religious communities in Poland. It is connected closely with the diversity of the legal status of religious organizations. It should be noted that the opti-mum position of the legal and factual followers have the largest and oldest Christian Regarding the Church-hunt, which received individual statutory regulation in 1989–1997. Maintaining, if not the build-up of discrimination, promotes the method of individual statutory regulation of the status of each of the denominations. Poland, to better prevent unequal treatment on grounds of religion or believe should sign and ratify Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Kształtowanie się międzynarodowych standardów prawnych w zakresie zapobiegania i reagowania na wymuszone zaginięcia
Authors: Baranowska Grażyna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the development of international legal standards concerning enforced disappearances. According to international human rights law enforced disappearances occur, when persons are deprived of their liberty, at least with the acquiescence of a state, which is followed by a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation or by concealment of their fate or whereabouts. The definition of enforced disappearances in the statute of the International Criminal Court covers also disappearances perpetrated by (or with at least the acquiescence of) political organizations. The article consists of a thorough analysis of provisions contained in four legal documents: the Declaration on the protection of all persons from enforced disappearance, the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.
Teoretyczno-prawne poszukiwania sposobu „oznaczenia” państwa w obrocie prywatno-prawnym
Authors: Bierć Andrzej , Mucha-Kujawa Joanna
Published: December 2020

The subject of „designating” state in private transactions is important not only because of the issue of representation and liability for the obligations with public property but primarily on account of widely understood protection of the state’s property interests. The present essay is dedicated to theoretical exploration of the way to „designate” state in private trading on the ground of national theory and practice, at the same time taking into account European solutions, in particular of German legal traditions. Authors, analizing the ways to „designate” state in private transactions in European legal traditions, indicate the dominance of public nature approach, which treats the state as an entity of public law acting in private transctions as fiscus (treasury) and administering - depending on legal tradition - a different scope of rights. In national doctrine, however, fiscus (called treasury) is generally treated as a special private law entity not bothering that it is deprived of typical features of a private law entity but at the same time uses in practice – to some degree – imperious instruments shaping property relations of the state. Taking into consideration European perspective and its influence on national theory and practice, the authors indicate a need to undertake harmonization actions towards treating the treasury – the equivalent of fiscus in European states - as an entity of public law to ensure cohesion of the concept of public treasury on the ground of the whole legal system, not only private law.
Dochodzenie roszczeń ze sprzedaży towarów w obrocie międzynarodowym na obszarze UE. Zagadnienie jurysdykcji
Authors: Michalska-Olek Agata
Published: December 2020

The article aims to show the possible ways of judicial redress for claims resulting from sales of goods especially including the issue of jurisdiction and application of the provisions of national law or the provisions of Community law. In the article the provisions of the Convention of 30 October 2007 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters as well as the provisions of regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council were widely discussed. The author discusses in particular the issue related to cross-border contracts for the sales-of-goods within the European Union. Part of the deliberations concerns judicial rulings, in particular judicial decisions issued in cases in which the court shall consider the issue of jurisdiction of its own motion. In the conclusion of the article it is stated that the choice between the national jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of other states will depend on the terms of agreement between the parties as well as the documents related to the transaction, in particular consignment notes (CMR), and the EXW clauses – such a formulation means that the parties agreed to the way of delivery of goods according to the commercial (Incoterms) clauses, determining in such a way the issue of jurisdiction.
MEMBANGUN KESADARAN JAJANAN AMAN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Sapiun Zulfiayu , Pangalo Paulus , PanaI Heny , Damiti Sukma
Published: December 2020

Tujuan Kegiatan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap siswa/siswi sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan dilaksanakan dan memastikan bahwa jajanan di sekitar sekolah aman dari cemaran kimia. Kegiatan ini adalah quasi eksperiment. Alat ukur adalah kuesioner berisi pernyataan pengetahuan dan sikap. Pengetahuan dan sikap dinyatakan baik bila nilai ?75. Data dianalis dengan univariat dan perubahan diuji dengan wilcoxon. Kegiatan berupa penyuluhan keamanan pangan dan pengujian sampel makanan jajanan di sekitar sekolah. Pengetahuan siswa tentang jajanan aman adalah sebelum penyuluhan adalah 3,79 dan setelah sebesar 4,65. Sikap siswa tentang jajanan aman adalah sebelum penyuluhan adalah 4,90 dan setelah sebesar 5,75. Tingkat pengetahuan siswa MIN 1 Kota Gorontalo 35% kurang baik dan 65% baik. Sedangkan setelah kegiatan menjadi 10% kurang baik dan 95% baik. Sikap siswa MIN 1 Kota Gorontalo sebelum kegiatan adalah 37% kurang baik dan 63% baik, sedangkan setelah kegiatan 5% kurang baik dan 95% baik. Hasil pengujian Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan tentang jajanan aman telah mampu mengubah pengetahuan secara signifikan dengan nilai P=0,000, dimana P0,05. Hasil pengujian Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan tentang jajanan aman telah mampu mengubah sikap secara signifikan dengan nilai P=0,000. dimana P0,05. Hasil pengujian jajanan didapatkan 10 sampel uji negatif mengandung metanil yellow, rhodamin B, borax, dan formalin.
EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI PIJAT REFLEKSI DAN TERAPI BENSON TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Ratna Ratnawati , Aswad Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas terapi pijat refleksi dan terapi Benson terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Hulonthalangi. Metode penelitian menggunakan Quasi Experiment dengan rancangan Pre Test and Post Test Nonequivalent Control Group. sampel yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 48 responden yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisa pengaruh terapi pijat refleksi dan terapi Benson terhadap penurunan tekanan darah menggunakan uji wilcoxon dengan derajat kemaknaan sebesar ?=5% didapatkan pValue 0.00 maka Ho ditolak dan uji analisa perbedaan efektivitas antara terapi pijat refleksi dan terapi Benson menggunakan uji mann withney dengan derajat kemaknaan sebesar ?=5% didapatkan pValue tekanan darah sistolik 0.330 dan tekanan darah diastolic 0.885 maka Ho diterima dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh terapi pijat refleksi dan terapi Benson terhadap penurunan tekanan darah, dan tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas antara terapi pijat refleksi dan terapi Benson terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Hulonthalangi.
PENGETAHUAN PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Adam Lusiana
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan penderita tuberkulosis paru terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberulosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Timur. Penelitian berjenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study, dengan variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan penderita tuberkulosis paru terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberkulosis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yakni pasien yang pernah terdaftar dengan diagnosa TB paru Puskesmas Kota Timur pada bulan Maret 2019 yang berjumlah 32 orang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 orang dengan teknik total sampling. Hasilnya, sebagian besar responden berpengetahuan cukup dan kurang. Sebagian besar dari responden patuh untuk meminum obat anti tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan penderita tuberkulosis paru terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberkulosis. Sehingga perlunya sebuah sosialisasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan penderita tuberkolusis agar penyakit tersebut segera tertangani dan tidak menularkan kepada orang lain.
SISTEM PERINGATAN REAL-TIME BERBASIS TWITTER UNTUK BENCANA KEBAKARAN DI KOTA JAKARTA
Authors: Budhi Fatanza Wiratama , Prasidana Muarrikh Yazka Ginang
Published: December 2020

Kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi di perkotaan menimbulkan berbagai masalah sosial dan bencana buatan manusia, salah satu yang paling bermasalah adalah kebakaran. Penanganan kebakaran menjadi semakin sulit untuk wilayah perkotaan seperti Jakarta dengan akses yang terbatas akibat lebar jalan, juga tingkat kemacetan yang tinggi. Di sisi lain, Jakarta memiliki pembangunan teknologi yang tinggi, termasuk penggunaan Twitter sebagai bagian dari big data. Penelitian ini menggunakan tweet yang dibuat oleh para pengguna twitter untuk membangun sebuah sistem peringatan bencana kebakaran berupa peta geografis indikasi kebakaran yang ditampilkan secara real-time atau langsung. Metode yang digunakan mencakup web streaming, web scraping, Support Vector Classifier dan analisis SWOT. Hasil prototipe menunjukkan bahwa titik apil hasil web scraping memiliki kemiripan dengan peta kebakaran yang dikeluarkan oleh BPBD DKI Jakarta pada akhir bulan. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT, penggunaan sistem peringatan berbasis Twitter dapat memaksimalkan pelayanan publik dengan melibatkan masyarakat itu sendiri. Data real-time juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan kebijakan yang cepat dan akurat.
GROUP PROJECT AS A MEANS OF GENERALIZING SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Фискова Алена Михайловна
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме обучения младших школьников речевому этикету. Представлен групповой проект, направленный на обобщение у четвероклассников сведений о речевом этикете. Обязательной составляющей проекта является самостоятельная поисковая деятельность младших школьников. Данному проекту предшествовало изучение правил речевого этикета на специальных занятиях «Доброе слово» в третьем классе.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of teaching speech etiquette to primary schoolchildren. A group project is presented, aimed at generalizing information about speech etiquette among fourth-graders. An obligatory component of the project is the independent search activity of younger students. This project was preceded by the study of the rules of speech etiquette in special classes "Kind Word" in the third grade.
IMPROVEMENT OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE RELATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SRT AND GRT OF EINSTEIN
Authors: Рысин Андрей Владимирович , Никифоров Игорь Кронидович
Published: December 2020

Необходимость появления усовершенствованных уравнений Максвелла связано с имеющими место алогизмами и парадоксами вывода ряда уравнений и утверждений в ныне принятой электродинамике и квантовой механике. Основой предложенного авторами подхода является пространственно-временной континуум по преобразованиям Лоренца-Минковского вкупе с электромагнитным континуумом на основе классических уравнений Максвелла.

The need for the appearance of improved Maxwell's equations is related to the existing alogisms and paradoxes of the derivation of a number of equations and statements in the currently accepted electrodynamics and quantum mechanics. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the space-time continuum based on Lorentz-Minkowski transformations together with the electromagnetic continuum based on the classical Maxwell equations.
THE COMPARISON AND THE ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF GREENHOUSE COMPLEX HEATING TYPES IN WINTER PERIODS
Authors: Калегин Иван Валерьевич
Published: December 2020

В данной статье рассматриваются способы и виды отопления комплексов в зимний период.

This paper discusses the methods and types of heating complexes in the winter.
Individual optimization of risky decisions in duration and distance estimations
Authors: van der Mijn Robbert , Damsma Atser , Taatgen Niels , van Rijn Hedderik
Published: December 2020

Many everyday decisions require an accurate perception of how much time has passed since a previous event. Although humans estimate time intervals with a high degree of mean accuracy, the precision of estimations varies greatly between individuals. In situations in which accurate timing is rewarded but responding too early is punished, the optimal amount of risk is directly dependent on the precision of the timer. Previously, it was found that humans and rodents displayed near-optimal adjustment of their mean response time based on their individual precision and the level of punishment. It is as of yet unknown whether these strategies of optimality in interval timing are specific to the timing domain, or instead reflect an ability that generalizes to other sensorimotor modalities of decision making. Here, we address this by combining a temporal reproduction experiment and a distance estimation experiment with an identical reward scheme. We found that participants approached optimality in both tasks, but generally underadjusted their responses in the face of high risk. As this individual adjustment was consistent over modalities, these results can best be explained by assuming that the adjustment of behavior towards optimal performance is driven by a modality independent mechanism.
THEORETICAL, VALUE, ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INSTILLING PATRIOTIC MENTALITY IN MODERN RUSSIAN YOUTH
Authors:   All-Russian Children's Center “Smena”, Kilin Sergey V.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to consider theoretical, value and organizational and legal foundations for building patriotism among modern Russian youth. The paper displays main research approaches in the study of patriotism, substantiates the relevance of improving conceptual foundations and practice of forming patriotic convictions, taking into account the capacities of politics in the field of culture. It also identifies true and inauthentic forms of patriotism, as well as the reasons for emerging false forms of patriotism, discussing relationship between historical and logical, natural and ideal, “native and universal” principles of patriotism. In view of the arbitrariness of a number of definitions of patriotism, based on its manifestations, and not on the essence, the author substantiates the philosophical concept of patriotism, integrating the diversity of its definitions, highlights main semantic moments of the philosophical concept of patriotism, and explains their diverse unity. Taking into account the domestic and world experience in the study of patriotism, the paper considers main tasks of the system of patriotic education determines the goals to which the solution of these tasks leads and articulates the principles on which this system is built and able to develop. In addition, the author examines the modern normative base of patriotic education of Russian citizens and suggests directions for its improvement.
INVENTION AND DOUBLE TRANSLATION OF THE RELICS IN THE LIFE OF MOSCOW METROPOLITAN ALEXIS OF THE 17TH СENTURY
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Medvedev Alexander A.
Published: December 2020

We find the story of the invention and double translation of the relics of Moscow Metropolitan Alexis included in the 17th century “The Lay of the Life in the Saints of our Father Alexis, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, Wonderworker”, located in the Synodal Collection No. 596 of the State Historical Museum. Euthymius of Chudovsky, compiler of the fifth edition of the life, the cellarer of the Chudovsky monastery uses, when creating a new edition of the life of St. Alexis, all sources available to him: the life written by Pachomius Logothetes, literary monuments about Alexis as part of the Nikon Chronicle and the Book of Degrees of the royal genealogy, telling about the invention and translating of the relics, historical information taken from the Nikon Chronicle and the Lviv Chronicle. In his work, Euthymius pays special attention to the history of creation and arrangement of the Chudov Monastery, its location and decoration, and especially to the repeated translation of relics of the saint, witnessed by the scribe. The scene of the invention and the story of the translation of the relics to the church of the Archangel Michael erected by the Metropolitan in the fifth edition of the life of the Moscow wonderworker represent fully finished fragments with their own original plot and system of characters, since by the time the monument was created, Euthymius possessed a fairly large amount of biographical and historical material from various early sources that had come to him.
“IN THE MOSCOW ESTATES”: A. N. TOLSTOY’S NOVEL PETER THE FIRST AS AN ESTATE TEXT
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akimova Anna S.
Published: December 2020

The childhood of Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy passed on the steppe farm Sosnovka where his stepfather’s A. A. Bostrom’s estate was located. Subsequently, the writer reproduced both external appearance of the estates familiar to him, and the inhabitants of the estates and their way of life on the pages of his works. Everything that Tolstoy saw in his childhood (peasant yards, the life of a small-scale Samara estate (called ‘khutor’), a city estate) found reflection in his works and, in particular, in the manor texts, which undoubtedly include the novel Peter the Great. The paper considers the A. N. Tolstoy’s novel Peter the Great as an ‘estate text’. The first book of the novel is set in Moscow, in Kitay-Gorod. Tolstoy recreates in great detail the life of the city and its inhabitants that has gone into the past, which in the late 17th – early 18th centuries, according to the historian I. E. Zabelina looked like a big village. The descriptions of the peasant household, Moscow nobles estates and princely mansion are based, on the one hand, on the writer’s impressions and, on the other, on historical sources and represent the image of the estate. The estate plot closely connected with the characters living (both fictional and historical ones), with life of the city and the state. The novel provides a comprehensive description of the courtyard of the poor peasant Brovkin, the impoverished nobleman Volkov, as well as based on the testimony of the French envoy De Neuville and the work of S. M. Solovyov, a detailed image of the Moscow chambers of Prince V. V. Golitsyn. Childhood memories, historical sources and creative imagination allow Tolstoy to painstakingly recreate on the pages of the novel not only the image of the lost Moscow of Peter’s time, but also the ones of its inhabitants.