bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combined process for efficient biomethane production from corn straw and cattle manure: Optimizing C/N ratio of mixed hydrolysates
Authors: Yuan Ye , Bian Aiqin , Zhang Lulu , Chen Tianming , Pan Mei , He Lei , Wang Aijie , Ding Cheng
Published: December 2022

A novel combined process, consisting of thermal-alkali pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and anaerobic digestion (AD) was utilized to methanize corn straw (CS) and cattle manure (CM) efficiently. This study aimed to identify the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the mixed hydrolysates of CS and CM that maximized methane production in an AD reactor. Additionally, pretreatment conditions for CS and CM were evaluated. The optimum condition of pH 10 was 80 °C and 3 h of thermal-alkali pretreatment to produce 42% of hydrolysis efficiency, while a further enzymatic process increased the efficiency to 72%. The C/N ratio was optimized during the co-digestion of the mixed hydrolysates, and better performances were obtained with a C/N ratio of 11 to 30 having specific methane production from 180 to 280 mL/g CODadded. The maximum methane production reached to 280 mL/g CODadded at the C/N ratio of 20. Approximately 75% of the total organic matter from the liquid fractions of mixed hydrolysates was converted to methane. Trace elements in CM hydrolysates may also promote the methane yield. This community structure change was proposed to be an internal response for different C/N ratio adaptation. An inappropriate C/N ratio may cause accumulation of free ammonia or volatile fatty acids, which would inhibit methanogens, but not affect the acidogens.
Separation of methyl glycosides and glycerol from aqueous fraction of methyl bio-oils using nanofiltration
Authors: Xie Zean , Wang Xinping , Li Lu , Pang Jinhui
Published: December 2022

The feasibility of separating small molecular organic compounds in the aqueous fraction of methyl bio-oils (AFMBO) using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was studied. Four kinds of commercially available NF and RO membranes were studied preliminarily by using model solutions (aqueous solution of methyl glycosides and glycerol). The membrane module was spiral wound, which is a more suitable format for industrialization than the flat-sheet format for dead-end filtration. The NF400-600 membrane exhibited the best separation performance; the permeate flux was 48.6 L/(m2·h), the methyl glucosides (MEG) rejection ratio was 95.4%, and the transmission of glycerol was 81.0% with an initial concentration of 10 g/L (0.4 MPa, 45 ºC). Compared with the model solution, the NF performance of AFMBO, which included permeate flux, rejection of MEG, transmission of glycerol, and separation of the other components in AFMBO, was investigated. The more complex constituents of AFMBO led to NF400-600 permeability and separating property decline compared with the model solution in the same operating conditions; meanwhile more serious and even irreversible membrane fouling occurred. This research provided a reference for membrane separation industrial feasibility and application of AFMBO.
Fabrication and performance of PSf/CA ultrafiltration membranes: Effect of additives for fouling resistance and selective polyphenol removal from apple juice
Authors: Wae AbdulKadir Wan Aisyah Fadilah , Md. Yunos Khairul Faezah , Hassan Abdul Rahman , Mohd Amin Nor Amaiza , Samsu Baharuddin Azhari
Published: December 2022

This work focused on the addition of different pore formation-controlling agent to a polysulfone/cellulose acetate blend membrane via immersion precipitation using phase inversion technique to improve the fouling resistance and selective polyphenol removal of apple juice. The membranes were prepared by blending hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and amphiphilic Pluronic F127 (Plu) with polysulfone/cellulose acetate matrix in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The morphology, mechanical strength, flux permeation, flux recovery ratio, and polyphenol separation of these membranes were characterized. It was found that the fabricated membranes with addition of PVP and Plu were more effective than the membrane without a pore formation-controlling agent. The flux recovery of the membranes with combined pore formers after ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin increased from 12.4% to 66.9%. The selectivity of polyphenols increased from 6% to 79% with an improved flux recovery of 79%, which shows the reduction of yellowish-brown pigment in apple juice.
Characterization of polyurethane wood adhesive prepared from liquefied sawdust by ethylene carbonate
Authors: Daneshvar Soheyla , Behrooz Rabi , Kazemi Najafi Saeed , Mir Mohamad Sadeghi Gity
Published: December 2022

Polyols, which are important compounds of polyurethane adhesives (PU), were prepared in this work from renewable sources. Beech wood sawdust was liquefied using ethylene carbonate as a new solvent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the two phases. The first phase of the liquefaction process was carried out at temperatures 110 to 160 °C, and the catalyst content was studied in the second phase. The biopolyol was used for two types of polyurethane adhesive by blending two types of isocyanate, poly4,4′- diphenyl methane diisocyanate (PMDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), in different NCO/OH ratios for the preparation of polyurethane adhesives. Liquefaction temperature had a great influence on the characteristics of polyol such as acid and hydroxyl numbers and yield. Moreover, the polyol obtained at 130°C and 120 min with yield 85% was found to be a suitable polyol for preparing polyurethane adhesives. By increasing the molar ratio (NCO/OH) to 1.7, the lap shear strength was increased. The optimal lap shear strengths in PU PMDI and PU TDI were 1.64MPa and 1.46MPa, respectively. FTIR results showed that due to the presence of hydroxyl groups (OH), beechwood sawdust can be a source of polyol. Urethane bonds can form between the polyol and isocyanate in polyurethane adhesives.
The direct conversion of hemicelluloses to selectively produce xylose from corn stover catalysed by maleic acid
Authors: Wu Ping , Li Jianmei , He Ting , Hu Changwei
Published: December 2022

The direct conversion of hemicellulose in corn stover to xylose while avoiding further degradation in water by using maleic acid as a catalyst was studied. When 0.06 M maleic acid was added, a 96.8 wt.% hemicellulose conversion was achieved, with relatively low conversion of cellulose (24.1 wt.%) and lignin (20.7 wt.%) at 140 °C for 2 h, and a relatively high yield of 22.5 wt.% (95.5 mol%) to xylose was achieved. Maleic acid interacted with the open form of xylose via hydrogen bonding to stabilize xylose, whereas its further degradation pathway was blocked, which led to improved yield and selectivity. The conversion of hemicellulose in bamboo, apple tree, straw, and mulberry to produce xylose (at 140 °C, for 2 h) catalyzed by maleic acid was also effective (Ya = 17.8 wt.%, Yb = 127.1 mol% xylose yield for hardwood and Ya = 25.1 wt.%, Yb = 109.6 mol% yield for grass) under the same conditions.
Valorization of old corrugated container to dissolving pulp
Authors: Ghahrani Negin , Ramezani Omid , Kermanian Hossein , Vatankhah Elham , Koosha Mojtaba
Published: December 2022

As an alternative raw material for various cellulose derivatives, the current research studied the processing of old corrugated container (OCC) in the subsequent stages of homogenization (soda cooking) and purification (bleaching with hypochlorite). The properties were characterized in four different categories including chemical composition or purity, accessibility, reactivity, and structural features. Alkali delignification and a bleaching sequence of HEHEHEA were selected for homogenization and purification of pulp followed by characterization of the pulp properties. The dissolving pulp exhibited the following properties: yield, 78%; cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content, 90.5%, 7.76%, and 0.3%, respectively; alpha cellulose, 70%. Pulp reactivity measured with two experiments showed Fock reactivity value of 85.67% as well as iodine sorption value (ISV) of 94.95 g/g; accessibility represented by two tests of water retention (WRV) and alkali retention capacity (ARC) with 6.87 for the first and 6.1% for the latter, degree of polymerization (DP), 913.4; crystallinity index, 76.95%; and brightness, 72.87%. FTIR spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) isotherms were utilized to examine the modifications of OCC to dissolving pulp. The results indicated that the dissolving pulp produced from OCC as a raw material is suitable for DP applications of cellulose derivatives.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Giant Intracerebral Tuberculoma: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Boruah Deb , Sarma Kalyan , Gogoi Pallavi , Singh Binoy , Gogoi Bidyut , Hazarika Karuna , Sharma Barun , Phukan Pranjal
Published: December 2022

Background: Giant intracerebral tuberculomas are rare lesions but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesion in an endemic region.Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of giant intracerebral tuberculomas to improve the diagnostic precision.Material and Methods: The clinical and MRI findings of 22 patients of giant intracerebral tuberculoma were analyzed retrospectively. For the statistical analysis independent sample Student t-test was used.Results: For 22 patients included in this sample the giant intracerebral tuberculoma was of size more than 2.5cm. The majority of the giant tuberculomas (19 patients (86.4%))was located in the supratentorial area.T2-weighted hypointense core of giant tuberculoma was observed in 12 patients (54.5%) and T1 hyperintensities were observed in peripheral (wall) of the giant tuberculoma in 14 patients (63.6%). The mean ADC value of the peripheral (wall) of the giant tuberculoma was 1.034± 0.466[SD] x 10-3mm2/s and the core was 0.994± 0.455[SD] x 10-3mm2/s with a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.0005) in between. MR spectroscopy showed raised lipid peak at 0.9 to 1.33 ppm in 10 patients (45.5%),raised lipid-lactate peak in 12 patients (54.5%),raised Choline/Cr ratio more than 1.2 in 14 patients(63.6%) and Choline/Cr ratio less than 1.2 in 5 patients (22.7%). Associated involvement of lung was observed in the 6patients (27.3%), cervical lymph node in 1 patient (4.5%) and spine in 1patient (4.5%).Conclusions: MRI plays a vital role in distinguishing giant intracerebral tuberculomas from other intracranial space-occupying lesions, thereby allows the early institution of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT), decreased patient morbidity, mortality, and prevents unnecessary neurosurgical excision.
Determinantes del empleo joven en Argentina 2004-2018
Authors: Favata Federico , Leone Julian , Lo Cascio Jorge
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo explora los determinantes del empleo joven (15 a 30 años) en Argentina, en 2004-2018, por medio de la estimación de los principales atributos individuales de la oferta que explican los ingresos laborales, para inferir los requerimientos establecidos por la demanda de trabajo. Así, se incluye el tipo de inserción laboral, expresado tanto en las especificidades del puesto, como en el tipo de contratación y sector empleador.
Se realiza una descripción del empleo joven en Argentina, luego se estiman los determinantes del ingreso horario real de la ocupación principal para el grupo etario, utilizando dos modelos: (1) una regresión lineal por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y (2) la corrección de Heckman. Se concluye que, para superar el vector de vulnerabilidad de los jóvenes, es necesario crear puestos de trabajo de calidad; y promover el diseño de políticas públicas de inserción laboral, en vinculación con los estudios. El mayor desafío está en el sector de las mujeres jóvenes de menores ingresos, que asumen tareas de cuidado sin remuneración, por lo que sus oportunidades laborales y educativas se reducen.
Some Developments in Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Regression Modeling
Authors: Sosa Juan , Aristizabal Jeimy-Paola
Published: December 2022

Considering the flexibility and applicability of Bayesian modeling, in this work we revise the main characteristics of two hierarchical models in a regression setting. We study the full probabilistic structure of the models along with the full conditional distribution for each model parameter. Under our hierarchical extensions, we allow the mean of the second stage of the model to have a linear dependency on a set of covariates. The Gibbs sampling algorithms used to obtain samples when fitting the models are fully described and derived. In addition, we consider a case study in which the plant size is characterized as a function of nitrogen soil concentration and a grouping factor (farm).
Impacto de los determinantes sociales de la salud sobre la tasa de contagios por COVID-19
Authors: Cabello Rangel Héctor , Díaz-Castro Lina , Ramírez-Rojas Maria Guadalupe
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Analizar el impacto entre los determinantes sociales en salud en México y la tasa de contagios por COVID-19.
Método Estudio ecológico cuantitativo a nivel nacional y municipal. Las principales variables fueron tasa de contagios por COVID-19, población total no hablante de español, ingreso per cápita, pobreza e índice de desarrollo humano (IDH). La tasa media nacional de contagios fue de 2 880/100 000 habitantes. Se aplicó la prueba T-test y, para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre la tasa de contagios y las variables, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Pearson.
Resultados Las entidades con menos tasa de población no hablante de español tuvo la menor tasa de contagios por COVID-19. El análisis de correlación mostró que los estados con tasas de contagio por COVID-19 por arriba de la media nacional tienen mejores condiciones de desarrollo.
Discusión En nuestros resultados se revela una correlación negativa entre las tasas contagios por COVID-19 y la variable pertenecer a población indígena. Es necesario analizar desde la perspectiva de las comunidades las necesidades para afrontar escenarios de pandemia.
Fruits used in two rural communities of the Sierra Madre Oriental region, Mexico to feed captive Myadestes spp. birds for their acclimation
Authors: Roldán-Clarà Blanca , Horta Hinojosa Rosa Elvia
Published: December 2022

The diet of wild and captive slate-colored solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) and brown-backed solitaire (M. occidentalis) had not been studied before. In the Sierra Madre Oriental region in México, people from rural communities involved in the capture, maintenance in captivity, and sale of these birds (known as pajareros) have ethnobotanical knowledge of fruits that provide food for wild populations of solitaires, which they also use to feed the birds during their acclimation in captivity. To contribute to the biological knowledge of these birds, we identified the fruits used by bird keepers for feeding captured solitaires during their acclimation. Using ethnobiological methods, in August 2016 and June 2017 we identified the fruits through guided tours and informal conversations in the rural communities of Roca de Oro, Veracruz, and Amixtlan, Puebla, and defined the bird trader’s socioeconomic profiles through interviews held in 2013 and 2016. Fruits were identified in interviews and by collection of plants during field exploration guided by key informants, including four bird-capturer men and one bird-keeping woman at each community. 23 families, 32 genera, and 36 species of plants, most of them native, were used. The information about the diet of these little studied Neotropical bird species is part of the traditional ecological knowledge of local people and contributes to the nutritional biology of wild populations of solitaires.
Efecto de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens y Pseudomonas migulae sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) en semillero
Authors: Beltrán-Acosta Camilo Rubén , Zapata-Narváez Yimmy Alexander , Millán-Montaño Duván Albeiro , Díaz-García Andrés
Published: December 2022

Introducción. El uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal puede ser una alternativa a integrar en estrategias de manejo del cultivo de uchuva mediante su incorporación en etapas de semillero, permitiendo obtener plántulas de mayor vigor que puedan tolerar el estrés biótico y abiótico al momento del trasplante. Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad promotora de crecimiento vegetal y capacidad endofítica de las bacterias Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 y Pseudomonas migulae Pf014 inoculadas durante la etapa de semillero de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento de abril a mayo de 2018 en invernadero ubicado en el Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se inocularon rizobacterias por separado en el sustrato 1 x 108 UFC mL-1 y se analizaron las variables fisiológicas biomasa seca (g) de raíz, tallo y hojas, la longitud final (cm), el área foliar (cm2) y número de hojas, adicionalmente se comprobó su endofitismo mediante la evaluación de la colonización del tejido vegetal. Resultados. B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 estimuló el crecimiento de plántulas a diferentes niveles, exhibiendo mayor capacidad de promoción que P. migulae Pf014, ya que aumentó la longitud de la planta en 34 %, y el crecimiento en tallo y raíz en 59 % y 16 % respectivamente; aumento de la biomasa seca de la raíz en 178 %, el tallo en 161 %, y de las hojas en 96 %. Las bacterias se aislaron del interior de los tejidos vegetales demostrando su comportamiento endofítico. Conclusiones. La respuesta positiva en todas las variables agronómicas evaluadas con la aplicación de B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006, indica que esta bacteria puede ser integrada al esquema de producción de la uchuva contribuyendo a potenciar la producción del cultivo.
Digitalisation-induced performance improvement: Don't take it for granted!
Authors: Szalavetz Andrea
Published: December 2022

In a context of rapid technological change, digital manufacturing technologies bear the promise of enabling significant improvement in operational efficiency. However, evidence indicates that investing in smart digital solutions, per se, does not guarantee performance improvement. Smart factory projects may be derailed, failing to realise the expected operational benefits. This study addresses the gap between academic propositions regarding the unequivocally positive impact of digitalisation and the actual evidence.

It draws on data obtained from 18 interviews with technology providers, managers and front-line workers at 12 Hungarian manufacturing companies. We use the concepts of resource complementarity, task–technology misfit, and technology acceptance as a theoretical lens to categorise the seemingly idiosyncratic and context-specific operational problems.

We find that digital technology implementation produces inferior-to-expectations outcomes unless companies invest in and upgrade their complementary intangible resources. Four distinct, albeit strongly interrelated types of complementarities are identified: managerial, organisational, skill-related and technical complementarities. Managerial capabilities to adjust the organisational structure, improve workflows and develop a strategy to address technical problems are found to be paramount to eliminate task-technology misfit and enhance technology acceptance.
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) Dalam Meningkatkan Competitive Advantage (Keunggulan Bersaing) Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam (LPI)
Authors: Asnik Khuroidah  , Binti Maunah
Published: December 2022

Abstrak: Jurnal ini menguraikan tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan competitive advantage (keunggulan bersaing) pada lembaga pendidikan Islam. Adapun fokus pada jurnal ini adalah 1) Manajemen sumber daya manusia yang didalamnya menggunakan teori Daming yaitu perencanaan (Plan), pelaksanaan (Do), evaluasi (check), tindak lanjut (action), 2) Competitive Advantage (keunggulan bersaing), 3) Manajemen Sumber daya manusia dalam Meningkatkan Competitive Advantage (Keunggulan Bersaing). Tujuan penulisan jurnal ilmiah ini adalah untuk memaparkan tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan competitive advantage (keunggulan bersaing). Jurnal ini menggunakan metode analisis kepustakaan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk memperoleh teori - teori dan membatasi kegiatan hanya pada bahan-bahan koleksi perpustakaan dan rujukan faktual lainnya.
Spritual Leadership Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Yona Yohara Safutri  , Siregar Diana Riski Sapitri
Published: December 2022

The desired leadership in Islamic education today is a reliable, trusted and able to actualize constructive changes. Leadership capable of transforming the character of the organization, providing changes and strategies, as well as being able to increase the potential of the individuals they lead, effectively managing resources and having the desire to be actively involved in the process of innovation and growth, and have the spirit to achieve and pursue success without dominated by materialism alone. The purpose of this study is to describe spiritual leadership in Islamic education. The results of this study explain that spiritual leadership not only makes the people they lead able to move according to their initial goals, but also provides a fresh vision, a shower for a solid and honest group conscience, and a feeling of belonging to one another. Leadership brings the worldly dimension to the spiritual dimension (divinity). Leaders of Islamic education should emulate spiritual leadership where leaders and their members do a job from the conscience, show the best, have good communication, and are responsible for the mandate carried out. Prophet Muhammad SAW is an educational leader who is an example of spiritual leadership for Islamic education, so that today's leaders are able to create superior and quality Islamic educational institutions.
Pengelolaan Ketidakhadiran Siswa Berbasis Aplikasi di SMK 1 Muhammadiyah Sangatta
Authors: Alzizah Erin , Wulandari Dilla Safitri , Rahim Rika , Wulansyah Juhrika , Duriska
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang penulisan jurnal ini adalah masalah absensi dan absensi mahasiswa selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Faktor penyebabnya juga sangat beragam. Oleh karena itu, jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana upaya pengelolaan siswa dalam meningkatkan kehadiran di SMK 1 Muhammadiyah Sangatta. Dalam penulisan jurnal ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan alat analisisnya adalah dengan menggunakan pemadatan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen siswa tertuang dalam rencana korektif melalui langkah-langkah yang diterapkan pada siswa bermasalah. Organisasi tersebut dilaksanakan atas kerjasama antara guru BK, siswa, dan wali kelas. Siswa sering menjumpai implementasi melalui sosialisasi dengan berbagai media atau cara yang benar. Pengawasan dilakukan dengan dua cara oleh kepala sekolah yaitu observasi lapangan dan penerimaan laporan mingguan dan bulanan dari wali kelas, BK, serta dari siswa senior. Berdasarkan paparan di atas, peran personel sekolah dalam meningkatkan kehadiran siswa di SMKN 1 Muhammadiyah Sangatta terutama dapat dikategorikan "80%" tingkat kehadiran selama pandemi COVID-19 bukan merupakan indikator penilaian wajib untuk saat ini. Penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan kepada personil sekolah untuk lebih memperhatikan dan memantau kehadiran siswa, agar siswa lebih rajin menghadiri pertemuan baik online maupun offline di sekolah
‘Ilm al-Uslūb dan Hubungannya dengan Ilmu-Ilmu Lain: Pengantar Stilistika Arab
Authors: Setyawan Mohammad Yusuf , Qalyubi Syihabuddin
Published: December 2022

Stilistika merupakan disiplin ilmu modern yang hadir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan linguistik dan sastra. Meski terkesan modern, namun embrio dari stilistika Arab telah ada sejak zaman dulu. Sebagaimana ilmu-ilmu yang lain, stilistika juga tidak terlepas dari ilmu-ilmu kebahasaan yang lain. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengupas istilah-istilah yang berkaitan erat dengan stilistika Arab, seperti uslūb, ‘ilm al-uslūb, dan uslūbiyyah. Selain itu artikel ini juga mengungkap hubungan antara stilistika Arab dengan ilmu-ilmu yang lain, seperti balagah, linguistik (‘ilm al-lugah), dan kritik sastra (al-naqd al-adabī). Artikel ini merupakan hasil kajian kepustakaan yang menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil dari kajian ini menemukan bahwa uslūb dapat dipamahi sebagai gaya bahasa, sedangkan ‘ilm al-uslūb dan uslūbiyyah bisa dipahami sebagai stilistika Arab. Mayoritas linguis tidak membedakan anatara ‘ilm al-uslūb dan uslūbiyyah. Stilistika Arab memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan ilmu-ilmu yang lain, seperti balagah, linguistik, dan kritik sastra.
Pembentukan Karakter Religius Santri di Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Kwagean Kediri Melalui Kegiatan Mujahadah
Authors: Kirana Zuyyina Candra , Haq Deden Dienul
Published: December 2022

Tradisi mujahadah tidak terlepas dari amalan yang sebenarnya sudah ada (seperti dzikir dan istighosah) dan dipraktekkan oleh para leluhur kita, para kyai dan para tokoh pahlawan sebagai bentuk riyadhah, untuk menggembleng diri sendiri serta mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Swt. Kegiatan mujahadah ini juga dilakukan di pondok pesantren Fathul ‘Ulum Kwagean Kediri. Maka dalam pembentukannya dengan melalui proses kegiatan mujahadah ini salah satunya adalah wirid di Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Kwagean Kediri, dan upaya membentuk nilai-nilai karakter religius santri melalui kegiatan mujahadah wirid. Bentuk kegiatan mujahadah wirid di pondok pesantren Fathul ‘Ulum Kwagean Kediri ini terdiri dari tiga macam mujahadah, yaitu mujahadah harian yang dilakukan setiap hari setelah sholat Isya’ dengan waktu 15 menit, kemudian yang kedua mujahadah mingguan yang dilakukan setiap malam Jum’at dengan waktu kurang lebih 1 jam, dan yang terakhir mujahadah tahunan yang dilakukan setiap tanggal 12 Rabiul Awal dengan bacaan 20 aurad. Sedang dalam upaya membentuk nilai-nilai karakter religius santri di pondok pesantren Fathul Ulum Kwagean Kediri selain dengan mujahadah juga dilakukan melalui beberapa kajian-kajian keilmuan seperti ilmu fiqih, usul fiqh, hadist, adab/akhlak dan yang lainnya, tapi yang menjadi pokok utama di Kwagean yaitu kitab Ihya ‘Ulumudin. Mujahadah ini juga mempunyai kaitan yang erat dalam pembentukan karakter religius santri yang mana santri mampu memiliki sikap istiqomah dalam beribadah dan mampu menggemaban tanggung jawabnya sebagai seorang santri.
Phonics Instruction and Perceptions of Teachers in Ave Maria Amnatcharoen School in Thailand
Authors: Suminto Elisabeth , Bram Barli
Published: December 2022

This paper aimed to explore how teachers implemented effective techniques of teaching phonics and the teachers’ perceptions of the effects of teaching phonics to the elementary school students of Ave Maria Amnatcharoen School in Thailand. The writers employed qualitative research. Five teachers who were teaching phonics in Ave Maria Amnatcharoen School of Thailand were the research participants. The writers used a questionnaire and an interview. Findings showed that most of the teachers perceived the process of implementing effective techniques in teaching phonics positively. The participants regularly employed various techniques in teaching phonics to the students. Furthermore, the participants also had positive perceptions of the effects of implementing effective techniques in teaching phonics. Most teachers agreed that the students had developed their reading skills through learning phonics. However, there were still some students who did not improve in their reading skills through learning phonics.
Politeness Strategies used by the Students with Regional Multicultural Background
Authors: Surjowati Ribut
Published: December 2022

his study aimed to describe the politeness strategy used by the students of Language and Science Faculty in Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University with different regional multicultural backgrounds. The data in this qualitative study were taken from 20 participants, in which 10 participants were non-Javanese, and 10 participants were Javanese. The data were collected, documented, transcribed, reduced, and coded to make the analysis easier. The analysis was done by following these procedures 1) the data were classified based on the students’ place of origin, types of politeness, and the strategies they used and displayed 2) the data were analyzed using Brown’s and Levinson’s theory of politeness strategies. The finding reveals that both groups of students used negative and positive politeness strategies; however, the types of strategies are different. The non-Javanese students used strategies of apologizing and being pessimistic in negative politeness strategy while the Javanese students used strategies of apologizing, hedging, and giving deference. In positive politeness strategies, the non-Javanese students used strategies of avoiding disagreement, promising, exaggerating, and seeking agreement; meanwhile, the Javanese students used avoiding disagreement, exaggerating, and giving for reason strategies.
Ethnocentrism and Its Effects as Depicted in The Kite Runner Novel
Authors: Rohmatullah Nang Gede , Permatasari Riana
Published: December 2022

This study analyzed the portrayal of ethnocentrism and its negative effects in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner using Bizumic’s ethnocentrism theory. This study used descriptive qualitative methods; the data were collected from the novel in monologues, dialogues, and narratives. Based on the data, ethnocentrism depicted in the novel taking setting in Afghanistan was represented in terms of superiority and in-group preference. The novel depicted that one ethnic, the Pashtun, felt more superior to the Hazara. This superiority made the Pashtun always evaluate other groups based on their standard. They built the in-group preference in which they regard their standard as the best compared to the Hazara. In addition, the negative effects of ethnocentrism were manifested into three points: violence against other groups, ethnic wars, and desire to control the territory. In short, ethnocentrism causes differences in thoughts and opinions between one group and another and further affects their relationship negatively.
Structure and Written Expressions of the TOEFL: Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Constraints
Authors: Yosintha Rolisda , Yunianti Sukma Shinta , Ramadhika Boris
Published: December 2022

This study aimed at investigating the students’ linguistic and non-linguistic constraints in doing the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL. This was a qualitative study in the form of a case study and was carried out in two universities in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The data comprised document analysis on 42 students’ answer sheets on TOEFL and interviews with four students. The data were analyzed using the difficulty index (IF) formula proposed by Brown (2004) and the interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman (1994) for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The findings revealed that the students encountered three linguistic constraints in terms of grammatical items as caused by both intralingual and interlingual interference: active-passive verbs, double comparatives, and pronoun-noun agreement. Besides, non-linguistic factors such as unpleasant past learning experiences and limited exposure to the L2 worsened their performance on the test.
Facilitating Student Voice through Sandwich Principle of Teaching (SPoT): Research-Led Teaching in English Language Teaching (ELT)
Authors: Novianti Alviaderi , Mulyani Martina
Published: December 2022

This study explores the implementation of the Sandwich Principle of Teaching (SPoT) in facilitating the students to voice their thoughts properly while learning about research in English Language Teaching (ELT). This case study is guided by the theory of research-led teaching from Walkington and SPoT from Wahl. The study employed 30 students of higher education as research participants. In 14 weeks, the teacher alternately used traditional and collaborative learning. The students were involved in various learning experiences; formulating lesson goals, reading journal articles, selecting the article, identifying the gap, and choosing and defining research topics. The findings revealed that the integration of SPoT into research-led teaching provides guidance for the teacher to teach research and space to voice their thought under the language learning research program. The findings show a positive attitude on students’ experiences in each stage of the learning research program through SPoT. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the integration of SPoT into research-led teaching could provide the students a space to voice their thought in the language learning research program. They got better learning experiences as they could engage actively in the class and voice their thoughts as well.
Investigating the Implementation of an Online Literacy Coaching Program for Junior High School English Teacher
Authors: Sumedi Siti Hanna , Mayuni Ilza , Sulistyaningrum Siti Drivoka
Published: December 2022

Literacy coaching is an in-depth style of literacy enrichment and professional development activity that links observation, feedback, and reflection to the practice. This study adopted a case study to investigate the implementation, process, and benefits of an online literacy coaching program for 32 junior high school English teachers across Indonesia. Observation protocol recorded sessions, and participants were the data sources of this study. As observed thus analyzed through content analysis, it was found that the implementation of online literacy coaching has fulfilled the core activities of literacy coaching cycles as it adopts a collaborative, reflective, and project-based approach. In further, the process of literacy coaching has improved the participants' literacy teaching as their performance in Cycle 2 was getting better than in Cycle 1. Moreover, the interview and questionnaire results showed that the implementation of Online Literacy Coaching improved the participants' literacy skills and pedagogy. Based on the findings, this study proposed recommendations to properly emphasize the time duration of each session, intensively establish digital literacy even further, and intentionally involve students’ feedback as valuable and beneficial input for teachers’ professional development and the process of online literacy coaching.
Speed-Reading Technique to Boost English as Foreign Language Learners’ Text Comprehension
Authors: Karim Sayit Abdul
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, many English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners still have problems comprehending the texts they are reading. This article aims at reviewing the speed-reading technique as one of the techniques to boost EFL learners’ text comprehension. A qualitative descriptive research design was applied for the present study. The data were obtained through a documentation study and used state-of-the-art sources in the related studies. Furthermore, the literature review was used to elucidate the findings from the previous studies and related to the present review. The data were analyzed qualitatively by describing how the speed-reading technique can boost learners’ text comprehension. It initiates with information about a brief of speed reading, the development, and trends of speed reading, then describes the speed-reading purposes and movement. The speed-reading techniques to be acquired by the EFL learners are described thoroughly. Besides, the benefits and several implications of speed reading for the Indonesian EFL learners in the classroom practice are highlighted. Finally, this article provides some conclusions and recommendations on what teachers, students, and government can do to boost EFL learners’ text comprehension.
Cultural Content Analysis of the EFL Textbook for Primary Education in Indonesia
Authors: Mustapidaturrohmah Nelly , Degeng Putu Dian Danayanti , Perdhani Widya Caterina
Published: December 2022

This study attempts to investigate the cultural contents of two EFL textbooks entitled English for Elementary School Students Grade 6 and Grow with English Book 6. This research is qualitative descriptive research, particularly content analysis. This study uses the categorization of cultural aspects by Cortazzi and Jin (1999), including source culture, target culture, and International culture. Adaskou’s et al. (1990) categorization of cultural dimensions covering sociological sense, aesthetic sense, semantic sense, and pragmatic sense is also employed. The findings show that the two English textbooks present the cultural aspects and dimensions differently. English for Elementary School Students Grade 6 textbook carries out more source culture than target culture and international culture. In comparison, Grow with English Grade 6 textbook carries out more target culture than source and global cultures. The findings also reveal that the sociological sense is the most prominent sense occurring in the two textbooks compared to the aesthetic, semantic, and pragmatic senses. Therefore, from the results, it can be inferred that the proportion of the cultural content in the two textbooks is imbalanced.
ASSESSMENT OF STATISTICAL AND KINETICS-BASED MODELS FOR LOx-METHANE GREEN PROPELLANT COMBUSTION
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , De Ashoke , Kumar S. Sunil
Published: December 2022

In this article, we present a comprehensive review and numerical analysis of liquid oxygen (LOx)-methane (CH4) combustion at supercritical pressures. A detailed review of numerical and experimental investigations on LOx-CH4 combustion was conducted to understand the transcritical injection and supercritical combustion process occurring in a typical high-pressure rocket engine. In this work, we performed comprehensive numerical tests using statistical models, such as steady laminar flamelet (SLF) and flamelet/progress variable [flamelet-generated manifold (FGM)], and the kinetic approach of eddy dissipation concept (EDC) combustion closure to develop an accurate but computationally efficient supercritical combustion modeling methodology. A benchmark ONERA Mascotte chamber [G2 RCM-3 (V04)] test case was utilized to simulate LOx-CH4 combustion. A systematic study of three different combustion models with different step chemical kinetic mechanisms was performed to identify the role of the detailed and reduced chemical mechanisms. The results of the study showed the efficacy of the FGM framework, which incorporates finite-rate kinetics in the LOx-CH4 turbulent diffusion flame. The simulated flame shape and peak temperature location closely matched the G2 test observation. The kinetic model study revealed that the reduced mechanism can also describe the flame structure accurately in the FGM framework. The FGM model reproduced the experimental flame structure and hydroxyl concentration accurately compared to the SLF and EDC models. This study highlights the importance of finite-rate effects in LOx-CH4 combustion and reveals that the statistical turbulence-chemistry approach of the FGM model is accurate and computationally less expensive for sub-scale or full-scale LOx-CH4 rocket engine simulations.
Aklın Sınırı Hakkında İki Çelişik Söylem ve Çözümü -Fahreddin er-Râzî Özelinde Bir İnceleme-
Authors: ÇETİN Zübeyir
Published: December 2022

Fahreddin er-Râzî (öl. 606/1210) bazı eserlerinde dile getirdiği naklî/lafzî delillerin zannîliği meselesini temellendirirken zikrettiği öncüllerden en önemlisi “naklî delile muârız olacak aklî bir delilin bulunması ihtimali vardır” şeklindedir. Bu öncül aklî delilin kesinlik verdiği üzerine kuruludur. Şöyle ki naklî bir delilin aklî bir delille teâruz etmesi hâlinde ya ikisinden birisi kabul edilip diğeri reddedilir ya her ikisi de kabul edilir ya da hiçbirisi kabul edilmez. Son iki ihtimal çelişiklerin aynı anda bir arada olması veya aynı anda olumsuzlanması imkânsız olduğundan uygulanamaz. Akıl naklin aslı olduğundan ve aklî delil kesinlik bildirdiğinden naklî delil kabul edilip aklî delil reddedilemez. Öyleyse aklî delil kabul edilir ve naklî delil ret ya da tevil edilir. Sonuç olarak naklî delilin kesinliği ortadan kalkar. Bu söylem günümüzde kendisine nispet edilen bazı iddialar sebebiyle Râzî özelinde önemli bir probleme sebep olmaktadır. Zira özellikle el-Metâlibü’l-ʻâliye isimli eserinin mukaddimesindeki ifadeleri delil gösterilerek Râzî’ye “aklın metafizikte kesinliğe ulaşamayacağı” görüşü nispet edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Râzî görünürde akıl ve aklî delil hakkında iki çelişik hüküm vermektedir. Bu çalışmada yukarıda tasvir edilen problem çözüme kavuşturulmaya çalışılacaktır. Öncelikle Râzî’nin aklın sınırından bahseden ifadeleri bağlamı içinde aktarılacak ardından bu ifadeler tahlil edilecektir. Temel iddiamız Râzî’nin gerçekte akıl hakkında iki zıt söylemi olmadığı şeklindedir.
An intercultural approach to an embedded “bad news” genre
Authors: Moreno Ana I.
Published: December 2022

Acknowledging the limitations of your own research is rhetorically challenging, and especially for those aiming to publish in a second language. This paper hypothesizes that a part of the challenge may be due to cross-cultural differences in the way these potentially self-damaging statements are rhetorically managed in RA discussion and/or other closing (DC) sections. Adopting an intercultural rhetoric approach, I drew two sub-samples of Limitations from two comparable corpora of social science RA DC sections across English and Spanish. I compared the rhetorical purposes of their surrounding segments from the lens of the “bad news” genre. The results showed that most authors prepared the reader for the Limitations, although the preferred stylistic strategies for doing so varied across the two publication contexts. Authors tended to exploit a similar set of rhetorical purposes, but in different ways to persuade readers about the acceptability of their study limitations. Specifically, in English it was conventional to “sandwich” the Limitations with good news, including implications for future practice, to mitigate their possible negative effect. In contrast, in Spanish it was conventional to surround them with explications to display the authors’ expertise, while the only salient mitigating strategy was their attribution to an external factor. These different rhetorical practices may be understood by divergent cultural (writing) styles, as well as differing authors’ understandings of impression management that were uncovered through email interviews. I advocate for a critical intercultural awareness approach to training scholars in writing skills necessary for research publication purposes in different languages.
Writing to make a difference: Discursive analysis of writer identity in research articles on management
Authors: Lehman Iga , Cybulska-Gómez de Celis Katarzyna , Sułkowski Łukasz
Published: December 2022

Our purpose in this research is to quantitatively analyse how the communication of managerial knowledge is realised in research articles written by experienced writers for publication and those produced by graduate students as a course grade requirement. Specifically, we look at the ways these writers construct their authorial identities (textually conveyed in ‘voice’). To do so, we combine Hyland’s (2008) interactional model of voice with the Author’s (xxxx) conceptualisation of ‘writer identity.’

The study results reveal important differences with regard to the expression of interaction in written discourse, with novices employing more interpersonal features to involve readers and experienced authors making linguistic choices to establish authority in their texts. We show that the use of interpersonal metadiscourse renders academic texts more accessible, reader engaging and interesting. This enables us to work towards the development of more effective writing instruction which is particularly relevant for English for Academic Purposes pedagogy.

Keywords:  discourse analysis, management writing, writer identity, reader inclusion
The expression of emotions in online medical consultations: a comprehensive Spanish-English analysis
Authors: Giménez-Moreno Rosa , Ricart-Vayá Alicia
Published: December 2022

Doctor-patient interpersonality strategies have evolved considerably in recent years, mainly due to the increase in telephone and online consultations generated by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this type of interaction, the control and expression of emotions have a crucial influence on the adequacy and effectiveness of communication. Remote interaction makes this affective exchange even more complex than in face-to-face consultations. The present study aims to configure a comprehensive model for analysing the affective domain in virtual medical consultations, useful for English and Spanish patients and learners. With this aim, the most recognised theories on professional interpersonality are reviewed and applied to a corpus of doctor-patient interactions in Peninsular Spanish and British English, extracted from representative forums on the Internet. The analysis highlights how specific stance and register variation mechanisms positively and negatively influence the emotional domain in these communicative exchanges. The proposed model allows significant contrastive findings on the occurrence and intensity of sentiment markers in both languages. The results illustrate how doctors in Spanish favour a more cautious, detached and predictable encounter, while doctors in English use a greater number and variety of attitudinal strategies to achieve engagement, empathy and emotional comfort.
Exploring academic reading status and the challenges faced by graduate students of applied linguistics
Authors: Nejadghanbar Hassan , Atai Mahmood Reza , Snow Catherine
Published: December 2022

Academic reading and writing abilities are prerequisites to success in postgraduate programs. These should be domains of competence in particular for students in applied linguistics, whose studies and future performance as teachers require insight into these skills.  A questionnaire was administered to 194 students, who assessed their own academic reading skills.  In addition, open-ended questions added to the questionnaire and interviews with 14 students were analyzed, yielding eight domains identified as particular challenges. The results revealed that students assessed their information literacy to be the weakest one. The eight areas of challenge included: shortage of time, information literacy, content knowledge, critical literacy, writers’ language style and generic features of texts, teachers’ high expectations and vague instructions, insufficient statistical literacy and insufficient interaction with peers.
Acronyms and neighboring categories in the language of photography
Authors: Mykytka Iryna
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on the acronyms and related items, namely abbreviations, alphabetisms, blends, and clippings in the language of photography, a field that has not yet been previously examined. Numerous studies have dealt with these word-formation processes in the general language and, although to a lesser extent, in the different specialized languages. To date, despite the ubiquitous presence of photography in the modern world, no research has addressed the use of these categories in the language of photography, as one of many fields of ESP. This paper intends to fill this gap and to identify, analyze and classify acronyms, alphabetisms, abbreviations, blends, and clippings in the photography discourse focusing on their structure and characteristics. To fulfill this objective a corpus-based approach was followed. The data was gathered from professional photography blogs providing authentic up-to-date lexis. The results suggest that these categories abound in the language of photography. Although to a different extent, there are acronyms (e.g., lomo, gobo), alphabetisms (e.g., DSLR, TLR, HDR), abbreviations (e.g., Mpx, fps, mm), blends (squinch, digicam), and clippings (e.g., photog, cam, pano), apart from peripheral cases (e.g. 4K, B&W, RAW, L*a*b*) and hybrid categories (e.g. PNG, Jpeg, EOS, GAS).