bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of zeolite to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani in lettuce and the induction of defence‐related genes
Authors: Poulaki Eirini G. , Gkizi Danai , Tjamos Sotirios E.
Published: December 2019

The use of zeolite in agriculture as a soil additive has strongly increased in the last decade. However, little experimental evidence exists about the plant protective potential of zeolite and its mode of action. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the activity of zeolite to control the soil‐borne pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani in lettuce. Incorporation of zeolite at a rate of 10% into S. sclerotiorum‐infested soil resulted in significant plant protection, accompanied by increased growth compared with the control plants, whereas zeolite was not effective against R. solani. The plant protective activity of zeolite was studied in association with its potential to induce systemic resistance. For this purpose, the expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) gene PR1, LIPOXYGENASE (LOX) and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1), marker genes of the salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) dependent defence, respectively, was assessed. Upon infection of lettuce with S. sclerotiorum, zeolite induced the accumulation of LOX and ERF1 transcripts with time. Therefore, it is suggested that zeolite primes the ET/JA‐dependent defence against S. sclerotiorum. In contrast, zeolite‐treated plants showed decreasing levels of LOX and ERF1 transcripts in plants infected with R. solani with time. This discrepancy in the regulation of plant defence mechanisms may explain the contrasting plant protective activity of zeolite against S. sclerotiorum and R. solani.
On the Stationary Marginal Distributions of Subclasses of Multivariate Setar Processes of Order One
Authors: Das Soumya , Genton Marc G.
Published: December 2019

To introduce more flexibility in process‐parameters through a regime‐switching behavior, the classical autoregressive (AR) processes have been extended to self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) processes. However, the stationary marginal distributions of SETAR processes are usually difficult to obtain in explicit forms and, therefore, they lack appropriate characterizations. The stationary marginal distribution of a multivariate (‐dimensional) SETAR process of order one with multivariate normal innovations is shown to belong to the unified skew‐normal () family and characterized under a fairly broad condition. This article also characterizes the stationary marginal distributions of a subclass of the processes with symmetric multivariate stable innovations. To characterize the stationary marginal distributions of these processes, the authors show that they belong to specific skew‐distribution families, and for a given skew‐distribution from the corresponding family, an process, with stationary marginal distribution identical to the given skew‐distribution, can be associated. Furthermore, this article illustrates a diagnostic of an model using the corresponding stationary marginal density.
Evidence‐Based Reviews: How Evidence‐Based Practices are Systematically Identified
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Collins Lauren W. , Cook Sara Cothren , Cook Lysandra
Published: December 2019

Evidence‐based reviews are a type of systematic literature review used to identify evidence‐based practices. When conducting an evidence‐based review, researchers apply predetermined standards to identify evidence‐based practices—practices that have been shown to reliably improve an outcome for a population of learners, according to evidence from a body of rigorous, experimental studies. In this article, we describe evidence‐based reviews, provide an overview of one set of evidence standards used in special education, and describe important caveats and considerations related to evidence‐based reviews. We conclude with two examples of evidence‐based reviews in the field of learning disabilities. Our take‐home message is that evidence‐based reviews are a trustworthy approach for identifying generally effective instructional practices—but no practices, not even evidence‐based practices, are effective for all learners.
Occurrence and implications of secondary olivine veinlets in lunar highland breccia Northwest Africa 11273
Authors: Zeng Xiaojia , Li Shijie , Joy Katherine H. , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong , Li Yang , Li Rui , Wang Shijie
Published: December 2019

Lunar breccias preserve the records of geologic processes on the Moon. In this study, we report the occurrence, petrography, mineralogy, and geologic significance of the observed secondary olivine veinlets in lunar feldspathic breccia meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11273. Bulk‐rock composition measurements show that this meteorite is geochemically similar to other lunar highland meteorites. In NWA 11273, five clasts are observed to host veinlets that are dominated by interconnecting olivine mineral grains. The host clasts are mainly composed of mafic minerals (i.e., pyroxene and olivine) and probably sourced from a basaltic lithology. The studied olivine veinlets (~5 to 30 μm in width) are distributed within the mafic mineral host, but do not extend into the adjacent plagioclase. Chemically, these olivine veinlets are Fe‐richer (Fo41.4–51.9), compared with other olivine grains (Fo54.3–83.1) in lithic clasts and matrix of NWA 11273. By analogy with the secondary olivine veinlets observed in meteorites from asteroid Vesta (howardite–eucrite–diogenite group samples) and lunar mare samples, our study suggests that the newly observed olivine veinlets in NWA 11273 are likely formed by secondary deposition from a lunar fluid, rather than by crystallization from a high‐temperature silicate melt. Such fluid could be sulfur‐ and phosphorous‐poor and likely had an endogenic origin on the Moon. The new occurrence of secondary olivine veinlets in breccia NWA 11273 reveals that the fluid mobility and deposition could be a previously underappreciated geological process on the Moon.
Content analysis of media coverage of breastfeeding in Mexico
Authors: Ferré‐Eguiluz Isabel , Buccini Gabriela , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Rovelo Natalia , González de Cosío Teresita , Pérez‐Escamilla‐Costas Juan Ricardo , Pérez‐Escamilla‐González Juan Ricardo , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: December 2019

Media can be a powerful communication tool to promote breastfeeding programs, influence mother's breastfeeding behaviour, and generate support among stakeholders for breastfeeding. Yet, there is little information on how media coverage influences a country's breastfeeding enabling environment. This study addressed this gap by conducting a retrospective content analysis of documents published between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018 to analyse the media coverage related to breastfeeding in Mexico. Content analysis was based on the breastfeeding gear model and a strategic planning technique to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for enabling the national breastfeeding environment. Media coverage of breastfeeding was more frequent in August (36% of all documents). The top three topics commonly covered by the media were advocacy events promoting breastfeeding, promotion campaigns, and changes in breastfeeding legislation and policy. In general, the media coverage focused on strengths of specific breastfeeding policies. There was limited news coverage of key factors that negatively influenced or threatened the breastfeeding environment. Findings support the need to design strategies to engage the media covering in more depth and breadth diverse aspects of breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support efforts in Mexico.
Using a historical genealogical approach to examine Ireland's health care system
Authors: Flynn Angela V. , Lynam Judith M.
Published: December 2019

The health of a nation tells much about the nature of a social contract between citizen and state. The way that health care is organised, and the degree to which it is equitably accessible, constitutes a manifestation of the effects of moments and events in that country's history. Research around health inequalities often focuses on demonstrating current conditions, with little attention paid to how the conditions of inequality have been achieved and sustained. This article presents a novel approach to inequalities research that focuses on examining powerful historical discourses as legitimising processes that serve to sustain unequal conditions. The use of this Foucauldian historical genealogical approach in a study of the Irish health care system is explored and proposed as a novel approach to the research of health inequities.
Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought
Authors: Sabot Manon E. B. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Pitman Andy J. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Verhoef Anne , Ukkola Anna M. , Abramowitz Gab
Published: December 2019

Knowledge of how water stress impacts the carbon and water cycles is a key uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models.

We tested a new profit maximization model, where photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is optimally traded against plant hydraulic function, as an alternative to the empirical functions commonly used in models to regulate gas exchange during periods of water stress. We conducted a multi‐site evaluation of this model at the ecosystem scale, before and during major droughts in Europe. Additionally, we asked whether the maximum hydraulic conductance in the soil–plant continuum kmax (a key model parameter which is not commonly measured) could be predicted from long‐term site climate.

Compared with a control model with an empirical soil moisture function, the profit maximization model improved the simulation of evapotranspiration during the growing season, reducing the normalized mean square error by c. 63%, across mesic and xeric sites. We also showed that kmax could be estimated from long‐term climate, with improvements in the simulation of evapotranspiration at eight out of the 10 forest sites during drought.

Although the generalization of this approach is contingent upon determining kmax, it presents a mechanistic trait‐based alternative to regulate canopy gas exchange in global models.
Visual aids for pediatric airway management
Authors: Frykholm Peter
Published: December 2019

Four basic types of visual aids are used for teaching airway management and decision‐making in simulated as well as in real clinical situations: universal algorithms, sets of limited algorithms, concept‐based cognitive aids, and checklists. The first three may represent an evolution in the understanding of the role of human error in both successful and failed airway management. Complex visual aids such as the American Society of Anesthesiology difficult airway algorithm may be more useful for teaching, while graphic cognitive aids like the Vortex may be more helpful for decision‐making under stress. Not surprisingly, there is a lack of outcome studies, although some cognitive aids have been evaluated in simulation settings.
Skin toxicity following treosulfan‐thiotepa‐fludarabine‐based conditioning regimen in non‐malignant pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Even‐Or Ehud , Altman Kohl Shahar , Zaidman Irina , Stepensky Polina , Molho‐Pessach Vered
Published: December 2019

TBC regimens are considered as “reduced toxicity” and are increasingly employed in pediatric HSCT. In our center, we commonly use the combination of treosulfan‐thiotepa‐fludarabine and ATG for pediatric non‐malignant diseases. As we often observe acute skin toxicities following this conditioning regimen, we conducted a prospective observational study to describe and characterize these toxicities. Fifteen pediatric patients undergoing HSCT for non‐malignant diseases who were treated at Hadassah‐Hebrew University Medical Center during 2015 were enrolled. A thorough dermatological assessment was done on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 from treatment initiation and included description of cutaneous reactions, measurement of BSA of affected skin, and response to local treatment. All the fifteen enrolled patients developed some degree of acute skin reaction. Cutaneous manifestations were variable and included erythematous patches in inguinal area and genitalia (80%), in neck and axillae (40%), diffuse hyperpigmentation (73%), erosions in inguinal area and buttock (47%), and xerosis and desquamation (40%). Average affected BSA reached 71.8%. Erosions were more prevalent in children younger than 2 years of age. The eruptions resolved without sequela in all patients and did not necessitate treatment other than topical agents. Observed extracutaneous toxicities included oral mucositis (40%), diarrhea (47%), and elevated liver enzymes (47%). TBC combined with thiotepa is highly toxic to the skin with various cutaneous manifestations. The toxicity resolves with no long‐term sequela.
Healing while parasitized: impact of a naturally‐occurring nematode during energy‐intensive wound‐healing in a beetle
Authors: Davis Andrew K. , Calderon Lexi , Lefeuvre Jake , Sims Stuart , Pearce Jana , Prouty Cody
Published: December 2019

The rigours of the daily lives of insects sometimes lead to minor injuries and wounds, which must be healed to avoid entry of pathogens and to resume normal function. Such healing requires energy, which must be diverted from other bodily reserves. What happens if energy reserves are already low, as would occur in individuals coping with internal parasites? This question is addressed in the presemt study, using horned passalus beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) and their naturally‐occurring nematode Chondronema passali. Oxygen consumption rates are tested at rest, as well as after an experimental wound is applied, to evaluate energy requirements of wound‐healing in parasitized and nonparasitized hosts. Furthermore, wound‐healing rates are visually tracked with a numerical scoring system to directly measure the cost of parasitism on healing. At rest, parasitized beetles show no elevation in respiration (oxygen consumption). After wounding, the oxygen consumption of parasitized beetles is 10% higher than that in nonparasitized beetles. Beetles with moderate‐ to heavy worm burdens have slower healing than those with few or no nematodes. These results show that this parasite carries little cost to the host during day‐to‐day activities, whereas, during times of immediate energy demand, there is a cost; hosts require more energy to repair wounds, and the wounds take longer to close. This conclusion leads to the question of whether this parasite is truly benign, and how many other apparently benign parasites, in insects or other animals, have similar ‘hidden’ effects.
Chronic Chagastic cardiomyopathy associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: Report of an autopsy case
Authors: Shintaku Masayuki , Takeda Shinsaku , Miura Sachio , Yutani Chikao , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2019

An autopsy case of chronic Chagas disease, a debilitating disorder caused by persistent infection by protozoa, Trypanosoma cruzi (Tr. cruzi), is reported. The patient was a 73‐year‐old Brazilian woman of Japanese descent, who had emigrated to Japan at the age of about 40 years. She died of chronic cardiac insufficiency about 8 years after the onset of cardiac symptoms. At autopsy, the heart showed typical features of chronic Chagastic cardiomyopathy: chronic lymphocytic myocarditis with extensive fibrosis and the formation of an apical aneurysm. The pathogenic protozoa were not detected in the cardiac tissue. The kidney showed typical features of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). On the basis of experimental data which suggested that chronic infection of Tr. cruzi could elicit immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis, we considered that the chronic persistent infection by Tr. cruzi contributed to the pathogenesis of MPGN in this patient.
Plant functional trait response to environmental drivers across European temperate forest understorey communities
Authors: Maes S. L. , Perring M. P. , Depauw L. , Bernhardt‐Römermann M. , Blondeel H. , Brūmelis G. , Brunet J. , Decocq G. , den Ouden J. , Govaert S. , Härdtle W. , Hédl R. , Heinken T. , Heinrichs S. , Hertzog L. , Jaroszewicz B. , Kirby K. , Kopecký M. , Landuyt D. , Máliš F. , Vanneste T. , Wulf M. , Verheyen K.
Published: December 2019

Functional traits respond to environmental drivers, hence evaluating trait‐environment relationships across spatial environmental gradients can help to understand how multiple drivers influence plant communities. Global‐change drivers such as changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition occur worldwide, but affect community trait distributions at the local scale, where resources (e.g. light availability) and conditions (e.g. soil pH) also influence plant communities.

We investigate how multiple environmental drivers affect community trait responses related to resource acquisition (plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), woodiness, and mycorrhizal status) and regeneration (seed mass, lateral spread) of European temperate deciduous forest understoreys. We sampled understorey communities and derived trait responses across spatial gradients of global‐change drivers (temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition, and past land use), while integrating in‐situ plot measurements on resources and conditions (soil type, Olsen phosphorus (P), Ellenberg soil moisture, light, litter mass, and litter quality).

Among the global‐change drivers, mean annual temperature strongly influenced traits related to resource acquisition. Higher temperatures were associated with taller understoreys producing leaves with lower SLA, and a higher proportional cover of woody and obligate mycorrhizal (OM) species. Communities in plots with higher Ellenberg soil moisture content had smaller seeds and lower proportional cover of woody and OM species. Finally, plots with thicker litter layers hosted taller understoreys with larger seeds and a higher proportional cover of OM species.

Our findings suggest potential community shifts in temperate forest understoreys with global warming, and highlight the importance of local resources and conditions as well as global‐change drivers for community trait variation.
Autistic traits in mentalization‐based treatment for concurrent borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Kaltenegger Helena C. , Philips Björn , Wennberg Peter
Published: December 2019

Autism is suggested to be a dimensional construct and often represents a comorbid state. However, research on the clinical implications of the presence of autistic traits is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of subclinical autistic traits in mentalization‐based treatment (MBT) for concurrent borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Based on the data of a randomized controlled feasibility study by Philips, Wennberg, Konradsson, and Franck (2018), secondary analyses were conducted. It was tested, if patients’ (N = 46) levels of autistic traits were associated with treatment outcome measured in the course of and after treatment using interviews and self‐report measures. Participants’ autistic traits were not associated with the change in the severity of BPD throughout and at the end of the treatment. However, results showed associations between autistic traits and the change in patients’ consumption of alcohol in the course of MBT. Furthermore, there was an association between autistic traits and the change in mentalizing capacity at the end of MBT, indicating that elevated autistic traits were associated with an improvement in mentalizing capacity. Autistic traits on a subclinical level do not appear to be a complicating factor in MBT for concurrent BPD and SUD. On the contrary, in terms of mentalizing capacity autistic traits might be associated with a larger potential for improvement or facilitate treatment outcome. Further research is needed to explore the role of higher autistic traits in treatment of this special patient group.
Comparative Philosophy and Decolonial Struggle: The Epistemic Injustice of Colonization and Liberation of Human Reason
Authors: Silva Grant J.
Published: December 2019

This essay explores the extent to which comparative philosophy can assist decolonial struggle. In order to accomplish this task, I offer not only a description of philosophy's colonization but also an account of how this discipline remains subject to the coloniality of knowledge. In short, insofar as race, gender, class, and sexuality are considered irrelevant or accidental to the production of philosophical knowledge, professional philosophy replicates, if not continues, what Rajeev Bhargava terms the epistemic injustice of colonialism. One response to the colonization of philosophy is “diversification” by means of putting into conversation philosophers, systems, and ideas from differing cultures or regions throughout the world. While a step forward, insofar as philosophical comparisons occur primarily on an East–West axis, philosophers are not necessarily addressing the biases, prejudices, racism, and exceptionalism endemic to their discipline. In fact, such a directionality typically reinforces the sense of historical development that undergirds Western philosophy's self‐understanding. This essay, therefore, offers a series of recommendations for how to radicalize comparative philosophical efforts so as to address global epistemic injustice and aid in the process of decolonization.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Monahan Michael J.
Published: December 2019

The theme of the 2018 Spindel Conference was “Decolonizing Philosophy.” In this introduction, I will elaborate on this theme as a way to set the stage for the essays in this volume. Beginning with the question of what it means to consider philosophy “colonized” in the first place, I will focus on the subfield of the history of philosophy as a way to draw out my account. After elaborating what I take the claim that philosophy is colonized/colonizing to mean, I will turn to ways one might approach its decolonization. Again, my principle focus will be on the history of philosophy, though I take my analysis to extend beyond this subfield. Finally, I will elaborate four key tasks that I take to be essential to the decolonization of philosophy.
MaskMy.XYZ: An easy‐to‐use tool for protecting geoprivacy using geographic masks
Authors: Swanlund David , Schuurman Nadine , Brussoni Mariana
Published: December 2019

Geographic masks are techniques used to protect privacy when publishing sensitive data in maps, but are not well adopted among researchers and may be difficult to execute for some GIS users. We developed a client‐side web application called MaskMy.XYZ that makes geographic masking easy to perform. It executes donut geomasking, a well‐known geographic mask, on thousands of points in seconds, and visualizes the original and masked point patterns in an integrated web map for visual comparison. MaskMy.XYZ also features metrics for both privacy protection and information loss, and allows users to rapidly and iteratively adjust masking parameters based on these metrics. The user interface was designed to prioritize usability, and clear documentation has been included to educate users about geographic masks, which is otherwise only found in niche literatures. By developing this application, we hope that geographic masks will be more widely adopted such that privacy is better protected in research.
Nec Cogitare Sed Facere: The Paradox of Fiction at the Tribunal of Ancient Poetics
Authors: Campeggiani PIA
Published: December 2019

The place of emotions in aesthetic response has long been a topic in contemporary philosophical theorizing. One aspect of the debate in particular seems to have become a recalcitrant problem: when experiencing fiction, we experience emotional reactions towards what we know not to exist. Is this rational? In fact, is it even possible? This article deals with the so‐called “paradox of fiction” from the viewpoint of ancient poetics. In the first section, I survey some of the main arguments proposed to (dis)solve the paradox in analytic philosophy. In the second and the third sections, I address what I consider two problematic assumptions of existing analytic approaches: their prescriptive, “essentialist” attitude and their exclusive focus on matters of content. By offering a brief sketch of the ancient principles of “likelihood” and “vividness”, I argue that they provide a direct and cognitively realistic answer to the paradox insofar as they account for the neutralization of doxastic features in imaginative acts and ground affective responses to fiction in the phenomenon of “aesthetic immersion”, explained in experiential, rather than representational, terms.
RUNX1 mutation in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and decreased erythrocyte expression of blood group A antigen
Authors: Hayakawa Akira , Sano Rie , Takahashi Yoichiro , Kubo Rieko , Harada Megumi , Omata Masato , Yokohama Akihiko , Handa Hiroshi , Tsukada Junichi , Takeshita Haruo , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Ogasawara Kenichi , Kominato Yoshihiko
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Loss of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and such decreased ABO expression has been reported to be strongly associated with hypermethylation of the ABO promoter. We investigated the underlying mechanism responsible for A‐antigen reduction on RBCs in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Genetic analysis of ABO was performed by PCR and sequencing using peripheral blood. RT‐PCR were carried out using cDNA prepared from total bone marrow (BM) cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was performed using genomic DNA from BM cells. Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from BM cells, followed by transient transfection assays.

RESULTS

Genetic analysis of ABO did not reveal any mutation in coding regions, splice sites, or regulatory regions. RT‐PCR demonstrated reduction of A‐transcripts when the patient's RBCs were not agglutinated by anti‐A antibody and did not indicate any significant increase of alternative splicing products in the patient relative to the control. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was not obvious in erythroid cells. Targeted sequencing identified somatic mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, RUNX1, and WT1. Experiments involving transient transfection into K562 cells showed that the expression of ABO was decreased by expression of the mutated RUNX1.

CONCLUSION

Because the RUNX1 mutation encoded an abnormally elongated protein without a transactivation domain which could act as dominant negative inhibitor, this frame‐shift mutation in RUNX1 may be a genetic candidate contributing to A‐antigen loss on RBCs.
Inaccurate point‐of‐care blood glucose measurement in a dog with secondary erythrocytosis
Authors: McQuinn Erin R. , Viall Austin K. , Hirschfield Margaret A. , Ward Jessica L. , Jeffery Unity , LeVine Dana N.
Published: December 2019

Background

Point‐of‐care (POC) portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) are convenient and inexpensive tools for assessing patient blood glucose concentrations. They are often used to quickly diagnose hypoglycemia or collect serial glucose readings in diabetic patients. However, POC meters have been previously identified in human and veterinary literature to be inaccurate when utilized in patients with abnormal HCT. This problem may not be reflected in manufacturer guidelines referenced by practitioners in the POC setting.

Key Findings

A 1.5‐year‐old dog, previously diagnosed with multiple congenital cardiac malformations, right‐to‐left cardiac shunting and secondary erythrocytosis, presented to a veterinary emergency center minimally responsive and without detectable pulses. PBGM measurement identified hypoglycemia. Following stabilization of the dog, serial glucose assessments showed discordant results between PBGMs and the reference laboratory biochemistry analyzer. A pathological cause for hypoglycemia was not identified and PBGM readings were determined to be erroneously low due to the dog's abnormally high HCT.

Significance

This case demonstrates the limitations of using PBGMs to assess blood glucose in a dog with secondary erythrocytosis. The report emphasizes the need for judicious use of PBGMs in critically ill patients and that these glucometers may not be reliable in patients with abnormal HCT values.
Investigation of burnout syndrome and job‐related risk factors in veterinary technicians in specialty teaching hospitals: a multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hayes Galina M. , LaLonde‐Paul Denise F. , Perret Jennifer L. , Steele Andrea , McConkey Marina , Lane William G. , Kopp Rosalind J. , Stone Hannah K. , Miller Meredith , Jones‐Bitton Andria
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To investigate veterinary technician burnout and associations with frequency of self‐reported medical error, resilience, and depression and job‐related risk factors.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational study using an anonymous survey conducted between November 2017 and June 2018.

Setting

Four referral teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada.

Subjects

A total of 344 veterinary technicians were invited to participate. Response rate was 95%. Overall 256 surveys were ultimately analyzed.

Interventions

Burnout, depression, and resilience were measured using validated instruments. Respondents reported perceptions of workload, working environment, and medical error frequency. Associations between burnout and factors related to physical work environment, workload and schedule, compensation package, interpersonal relationships, intellectual enrichment, and exposure to ethical conflicts were analyzed.

Measurements and Main Results

Burnout, characterized by high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment was common, and was positively associated with perceived medical errors, desire to change career, and depression. Burnout levels on all 3 burnout subscales were higher in this population than previously reported for a contemporaneous group of trauma nurses working with human patients (P < 0.05). Burnout was negatively associated with resilience. Respondents’ feelings of fear or anxiety around supervisor communications, perception that patient load was too high to allow for excellent patient care, and perceived lack of available assistance during sudden workload increases were all associated with burnout.

Conclusions

Burnout in veterinary technicians is common and is associated with numerous undesirable outcomes. Work‐related interventions to reduce burnout should focus on improving supervisor relationships and maintaining an appropriate patient:caregiver ratio.
Los palacios cinematográficos de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Alfaro Salazara Francisco Haroldo , Ochoa Vega Alejandro
Published: December 2019

La historia de la ciudad de México, en continua construcción, está llena de momentos emblemáticos que permiten reconocer el paso de generaciones que la han moldeado. En su estructura urbana se han desarrollado tipologías arquitectónicas, que permiten comprender los procesos de consolidación y transformación; de crecimiento y complejidad. Alguna ocasión reconocida por los viajeros y exploradores como la ciudad de los palacios, durante el sigloXX su tradición de arquitectura emblemática, monumental y grandilocuente fue reforzada por los cinematógrafos, edificios producto de la evolución tecnológica, referentes de un mundo urbano y nocturno, plenamente moderno. Lospalacios cinematográficos de la ciudad de México se fueron consolidando paulatinamente, y desde los años veinte hasta los años setenta fueron referentes en el casco histórico, en los barrios tradicionales y en las nuevas expansionesurbanas. Arquitectura para el espectáculo, su imagen urbana fue parte de este, reforzando una historia que lentamente empieza a borrarse, y con ello también parte de la memoria de la ciudad
Mathematical analysis of toxin-phytoplankton-fish model with self-diffusion and cross-diffusion
Authors: Ouedraogo Hamidou , Ouedraogo Wendkouni , Sangare Boureima
Published: December 2019

In this paper we propose a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system describing the interaction between toxin-producing phytoplankton and fish population. We analyze the effect of self- and cross-diffusion on the dynamics of the system. The existence, uniqueness and uniform boundedness of solutions are established in the positive octant. The system is analyzed for various interesting dynamical behaviors which include boundedness, persistence, local stability, global stability around each equilibrium based on some conditions on self- and cross-diffusion coefficients. The analytical findings are verified by numerical simulation.
Whole-Genome Approach to Understanding the Mechanism of Action of a Histatin 5-Derived Peptide
Authors: Bullock Cody B. , McNabb David S. , Pinto Inés
Published: December 2019

The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections that threaten immunocompromised patients, along with the limited arsenal of antifungal drugs, calls for renewed efforts to develop novel antifungal therapies. Antimicrobial peptides have garnered interest as potential therapeutics. Among naturally occurring peptides, histatin 5 is a well-characterized 24-amino-acid peptide with strong antifungal activity.
In Vitro
Activity of Eravacycline against Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated in Clinical Laboratories Worldwide from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Morrissey Ian , Hawser Stephen , Lob Sibylle H. , Karlowsky James A. , Bassetti Matteo , Corey G. Ralph , Olesky Melanie , Newman Joseph , Fyfe Corey
Published: December 2019

Eravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic being developed for the treatment of serious infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Here, we evaluated the
in vitro
activities of eravacycline and comparator antimicrobial agents against a recent global collection of frequently encountered clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria. The CLSI broth microdilution method was used to determine
in vitro
MIC data for isolates of
Enterococcus
spp.
Disproportionality Analysis of Safety with Nafcillin and Oxacillin with the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Timbrook Tristan T. , McKay Lydia , Sutton Jesse D. , Spivak Emily S.
Published: December 2019

Antistaphylococcal penicillins such as nafcillin and oxacillin are among the first choices of treatment for severe invasive methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) infections, although there has been limited safety evaluations between individual agents.
Assessment of Clofazimine and TB47 Combination Activity against Mycobacterium abscessus Using a Bioluminescent Approach
Authors: Liu Yang , Tan Yaoju , Islam M. Mahmudul , Cao Yuanyuan , Lu Xiaoyun , Zeng Sheng , Hameed H. M. Adnan , Zhou Peipei , Cai Xingshan , Wang Shuai , Mugweru Julius N. , Zhang Guoliang , Yin Huancai , Liu Jianxiong , Nuermberger Eric , Zhang Tianyu
Published: December 2019

Mycobacterium abscessus
is intrinsically resistant to most antimicrobial agents. The emerging infections caused by
M. abscessus
and the lack of effective treatment call for rapid attention. Here, we intended to construct a selectable marker-free autoluminescent
M. abscessus
strain (designated UAlMab) as a real-time reporter strain to facilitate the discovery of effective drugs and regimens for treating
M. abscessus
. The UAlMab strain was constructed using the
dif
/Xer recombinase system.
Short-Term Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Microbial Community Composition and Nitrogen Mineralization Functions in an Agricultural Soil
Authors: Ouyang Yang , Norton Jeanette M.
Published: December 2019

Agricultural N management practices influence the enzymatic activities involved in N mineralization. However, specific enzyme activities do not identify the microbial species directly involved in the measured process, leaving the link between the composition of the microbial community and the production of key enzymes poorly understood. In this study, the application of high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, and metagenomics shed light on how the abundance and diversity of microorganisms involved in N mineralization respond to N management. We suggest that N fertilization has significantly changed bacterial ureolytic and chitinolytic communities.
Host-Microbe Interactions in the Chemosynthetic
Riftia pachyptila
Symbiosis
Authors: Hinzke Tjorven , Kleiner Manuel , Breusing Corinna , Felbeck Horst , Häsler Robert , Sievert Stefan M. , Schlüter Rabea , Rosenstiel Philip , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Schweder Thomas , Markert Stephanie
Published: December 2019

All animals are associated with microorganisms; hence, host-microbe interactions are of fundamental importance for life on earth. However, we know little about the molecular basis of these interactions. Therefore, we studied the deep-sea
Riftia pachyptila
symbiosis, a model association in which the tubeworm host is associated with only one phylotype of endosymbiotic bacteria and completely depends on this sulfur-oxidizing symbiont for nutrition. Using a metaproteomics approach, we identified both metabolic interaction processes, such as substrate transfer between the two partners, and interactions that serve to maintain the symbiotic balance, e.g., host efforts to control the symbiont population or symbiont strategies to modulate these host efforts. We suggest that these interactions are essential principles of mutualistic animal-microbe associations.
G Protein Pathway Suppressor 1 Promotes Influenza Virus Polymerase Activity by Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kuwahara Tomoko , Yamayoshi Seiya , Noda Takeshi , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: December 2019

In the present study, we identified G protein pathway suppressor 1 (GPS1) to be a host cellular protein that is important for influenza virus replication. We also found that GPS1 plays a role in viral genome transcription through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, downregulation of GPS1 also affected the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus. Therefore, GPS1 may be a host target for antiviral drugs against influenza virus and possibly other viruses.
RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL Contribute to Cell Death Caused by Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin
Authors: Shrestha Archana , Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , McClane Bruce A.
Published: December 2019

C. perfringens
type F strains are a common cause of food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Type F strain virulence requires production of
C. perfringens
enterotoxin (CPE). In Caco-2 cells, high CPE concentrations cause necrosis while low enterotoxin concentrations induce apoptosis. The current study determined that receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases 1 and 3 are involved in both CPE-induced apoptosis and necrosis in Caco-2 cells, while mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) oligomerization is involved in CPE-induced necrosis, thereby indicating that this form of CPE-induced cell death involves necroptosis. High CPE concentrations also caused necroptosis in T84 and Vero cells. Calpain activation was identified as a key intermediate for CPE-induced necroptosis. These results suggest inhibitors of RIP1, RIP3, MLKL oligomerization, or calpain are useful therapeutics against CPE-mediated diseases.
Diverse, Abundant, and Novel Viruses Infecting the Marine
Roseobacter
RCA Lineage
Authors: Zhang Zefeng , Chen Feng , Chu Xiao , Zhang Hao , Luo Haiwei , Qin Fang , Zhai Zhiqiang , Yang Mingyu , Sun Jing , Zhao Yanlin
Published: December 2019

The RCA lineage of the marine
Roseobacter
group represents one of the slow-growing but dominant components of marine microbial communities. Although dozens of roseophages have been characterized, no phages infecting RCA strains have been reported. In this study, we reported on the first RCA phage genomes and investigated their distribution pattern and relative abundance in comparison with other important marine phage groups. Two of the four RCA phage groups were found closely related to previously reported SAR116 phage HMO-2011 and Cobavirus group roseophages, respectively. The remaining two groups are novel in the genome contents. Our study also revealed that RCA phages are widely distributed and exhibit high abundance in marine viromic data sets. Altogether, our findings have greatly broadened our understanding of RCA phages and emphasize the ecological and evolutionary importance of RCA phages in the marine virosphere.
Defining and Evaluating Microbial Contributions to Metabolite Variation in Microbiome-Metabolome Association Studies
Authors: Noecker Cecilia , Chiu Hsuan-Chao , McNally Colin P. , Borenstein Elhanan
Published: December 2019

Identifying the key microbial taxa responsible for metabolic differences between microbiomes is an important step toward understanding and manipulating microbiome metabolism. To achieve this goal, researchers commonly conduct microbiome-metabolome association studies, comprehensively measuring both the composition of species and the concentration of metabolites across a set of microbial community samples and then testing for correlations between microbes and metabolites. Here, we evaluated the utility of this general approach by first developing a rigorous mathematical definition of the contribution of each microbial taxon to metabolite variation and then examining these contributions in simulated data sets of microbial community metabolism. We found that standard correlation-based analysis of our simulated microbiome-metabolome data sets can identify true contributions with very low predictive value and that its performance depends strongly on specific properties of both metabolites and microbes, as well as on those of the surrounding environment. Combined, our findings can guide future interpretation and validation of microbiome-metabolome studies.
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) related to energy drink consumption
Authors: Gupta Neha , Padidam Sneha , Tewari Asheesh
Published: December 2019

This case identifies a newly found association between energy drinks and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Our patient, a 34-year-old woman with no significant ocular or previous medical history, presented with a 3-day history of decreased vision after consumption of multiple energy drinks. After near infrared and optical coherence tomography imaging, we were able to diagnose her with AMN. Our patient’s vision improved over a 2-month course with no intervention. Our case aims to emphasise the effect of caffeine on the retina, as well as encourage clinicians to consider energy drinks as a causative agent of AMN.
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a patient with metastatic gastro-oesophageal junction cancer receiving treatment with pembrolizumab
Authors: Besaw Robert J , Smith Martin P , Zerillo Jessica A , Bullock Andrea J
Published: December 2019

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) immune-related adverse events (irAE) are commonly reported by patients with cancer undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI); however chronic irAEs are rare. We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with metastatic gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma who developed delayed-onset chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) while receiving second-line pembrolizumab. Repeated CT scans of the abdomen/pelvis found no small bowel obstruction, and evaluations for bowel inflammation, infection and paraneoplastic syndrome were negative. Bowel rest and glucocorticoids were associated with transient symptom resolution; however, symptoms recurred within 1 month. The patient was ultimately supported with total parenteral nutrition and intestinal motility agents. After 4 months, the GOJ cancer remained stable with no signs of progression. As CPI use expands, the incidence of rare irAEs, such as CIPO, may increase.
Lending an Ear: iPeer2Peer plus Teens Taking Charge online self-management to empower adolescents with arthritis in Ireland: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: O'Higgins Siobhan , Stinson Jennifer , Ahola Kohut Sara , Caes Line , Heary Caroline , McGuire Brian E
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) negatively affects adolescents’ everyday activities. To address the need for innovative, effective, convenient, low-cost psychosocial self-management programmes, we developed an Irish version of Canadian Teens Taking Charge (TTC) and integrated it with Skype-based peer support iPeer2Peer (iP2P).

Objectives

To explore the feasibility and preliminary outcome impact (effectiveness) of an integrated iP2P and Irish TTC, via three-arm (treatment as usual, TTC and iP2P–TTC) pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT); and determine feasibility and sample size for a full RCT. To ensure active involvement of adolescents with JIA via a Young Person Advisory Panel and examine how participants experienced the study. Finally, to see if TTC and iP2P with TTC reduce costs for families.

Methods and analysis

Recruitment of 60 families will be ongoing until July 2019, via healthcare professionals and support groups. Analysis will consist of single-blinded (outcome assessment), three-arm pilot RCT, using online questionnaires, with assessments at baseline (T1), after intervention (T2) and 3 months post-intervention (T3). The primary outcomes on feasibility with comparisons of TTC and iP2P–TTC on fidelity, acceptability and satisfaction, engagement and degrees of tailoring. The secondary outcomes will be self-management and self-efficacy and a range of health-related quality-of-life factors, pain indicators and costs.

Participants from the intervention groups will be invited to share their perspectives on the process in semistructured interviews. Quantitative data will be analysed using SPSS V.21 and the audio-taped and transcribed qualitative data will be analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Dissemination

Via journal articles, conference presentations, co-delivered by key stakeholders when possible, launch of accessible, effective and sustainable Internet self-management and peer support for Irish adolescents with JIA.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13535901; Pre-results.