bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the longitudinal energy distribution of electrons in low energy beams using electrostatic elements
Authors: Devlin L. J. , Jones L. B. , Noakes T. C. Q. , Welsch C. P. , Militsyn B. L.
Published: August 2018

The Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS) was designed primarily to study the mean transverse energy spread of electrons emitted from photocathode electron sources at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures as a function of quantum efficiency through analysis of the photoemission footprint. By reconfiguring the potentials applied to different detector elements, TESS can also be used to measure the mean longitudinal energy spread of photoemitted electrons. Initial plans were to use electrostatic wire meshes as a retarding element which prevents the detection of electrons with insufficient energy to overcome a variable potential barrier. However, this method has proved impractical and a new method has been proposed in which the photocathode bias potential is swept (effectively from a state of no electron emission to full emission) and the emitted photocurrent is then detected by using a photoemitted charge collector. In this article, we present the TESS set-up and analyze this new method to measure the longitudinal energy distribution curve. Experimental results are presented and compared to simulated results by utilising a custom designed tracking code.
Microscopic infrared thermography for fast estimation of the thermal properties of thin films
Authors: Godin A. , Palomo del Barrio E. , Morikawa J. , Duquesne M.
Published: August 2018

The thermal properties of polyimide thin films govern the temporal response of electric devices in highly integrated circuits. An innovative advanced method, called the Modal-Method, has been developed to investigate the in-plane anisotropic thermal diffusivities of 4 homopolymers of aromatic polyimide thin films, widely used in microelectronics. The proposed method is based on microscopic infrared thermography and consists of a single non-destructive fast experiment. A photo-thermal excitation is applied on the center of the film rear surface. The thermal response of the front surface, recorded by using an infrared camera equipped with a unique microscope lens, allows reaching high resolutions. The Modal-Method is then applied on the recorded thermal emission data. This method is robust to the measurement noise and allows estimating the in-plane thermal diffusivities of thin films. This method affords also the estimation of the effective heat transfer coefficient. This parameter, representing the heat exchanges between the films and their environment, is directly related to the signal/noise ratio and hence related to the quality of the estimation. Eventually, this method has been validated by comparison with temperature wave analysis results.
InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors for terahertz computed tomography
Authors: Coquillat Dominique , Duhant Alexandre , Triki Meriam , Nodjiadjim Virginie , Konczykowska Agnieszka , Riet Muriel , Dyakonova Nina , Strauss Olivier , Knap Wojciech
Published: August 2018

We present experimental studies of terahertz radiation detection by InP double heterojunction based transistors. We analyze the relation between their static characteristics and the experimentally determined voltage and current responsivities, showing importance of internal device parasitic capacitances and the external circuit loading effects. Finally, we demonstrate the use of these transistors for terahertz radiation computed tomography leading to 3D visualization of concealed objects. Our results pave the way towards wide use of heterojunction based transistors for terahertz imaging.
Noise mitigation methods for ion detectors operating with a direct view of high temperature plasmas
Authors: Fimognari P. J. , Crowley T. P. , Demers D. R. , Kile T. D.
Published: August 2018

We have developed an ion current measurement instrument with a direct view of a plasma that reduces the particle and radiation-induced noise current it detects by over three orders of magnitude, from tens of microamps to tens of nanoamps. This is accomplished using electric fields, magnetic fields, and physical shielding that limit the flux of particles and radiation into the instrument and suppress the secondary electrons produced within it by particle and radiation impact. Operation of this detector in various configurations, without an ion beam, has allowed identification of the sources of noise current. In our experimental setup, the largest noise contributors were found to be plasma ions and photoelectric emission due to UV radiation.
Investigation of critical behavior in the vicinity of ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition in the Fe75Mo8Cu1B16 alloy
Authors: Gębara Piotr , Hasiak Mariusz
Published: August 2018

The main goal of this work is to study the critical behavior in the as-quenched and annealed NANOPERM Fe75Mo8Cu1B16 alloy in the vicinity of the critical temperature TC. The second order phase transition from ferro- to paramagnetic state was confirmed by the positive slope of Arrott plots. The critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) have been revealed using the Kouvel-Fisher method. Moreover, the Kouvel-Fisher analysis revealed the detailed Curie temperature for all investigated samples.
Photon pair generation using a silicon photonic hybrid laser
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Ma Chaoxuan , Kumar Ranjeet , Doussiere Pierre , Jones Richard , Rong Haisheng , Mookherjea Shayan
Published: August 2018

We report photon pairs and heralded single photons generated at 1310 nm wavelengths using silicon photonics technology, demonstrating that comparable performance could be achieved when a silicon microring resonator was pumped either by a desktop laser instrument or by an electrically injected, room-temperature hybrid silicon laser. Measurements showed that 130 kilo-coincidence-counts per second pair rates could be generated, with coincidences-to-accidentals ratio approximately 100 at about 0.34 mW optical pump power and anti-bunching upon heralding with second-order intensity correlation g(2)(0) = 0.06 at about 0.9 mW optical pump power. These results suggest that hybrid silicon lasers, which are ultra-compact and wafer-scale manufacturable, could be used in place of packaged, stand-alone lasers for generating photon pairs at data communication wavelengths and enable large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing of integrated sources for quantum communications and computing.
Temperature response of soft ionizable polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Wijesinghe Sidath , Perahia Dvora , Grest Gary S.
Published: August 2018

The temperature response of luminescent ionizable polymers confined into far from equilibrium nanoparticles without chemical links was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. These nanoparticles, often referred to as polydots, are emerging as a promising tool for nanomedicine. Incorporating ionizable groups into these polymers enables biofunctionality; however, they also affect the delicate balance of interactions that hold these nanoparticles together. Here polydots formed by a model polymer dialkyl p-phenylene ethynylene with varying number of carboxylate groups along the polymer backbone were probed. We find that increasing temperature affects neutral and charged polydots differently, where neutral polydots exhibit a transition above which their structure becomes dynamic and they unravel. The dependence of the transition temperature on the surface to volume ratio of these polydots is much stronger than what has previously been observed in polymeric thin films. Charged polydots become dynamic enabling migration of the ionizable groups toward the particle interface, while retaining the overall particle shape.
A highly accurate ab initio dipole moment surface for the ground electronic state of water vapour for spectra extending into the ultraviolet
Authors: Conway Eamon K. , Kyuberis Aleksandra A. , Polyansky Oleg L. , Tennyson Jonathan , Zobov Nikolai F.
Published: August 2018

A new global and highly accurate ab initio dipole moment surface (DMS) for water vapour is presented. This DMS is based on a set of 17 628 multi-reference configuration interaction data points that were calculated with the aug-cc-pCV6Z basis set with the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian; tests are performed at several other levels of ab initio theory. This new “CKAPTEN” DMS improves agreement with recent experimental measurements compared with previous models that poorly predicted some bands in the infrared while also maintaining or improving on the agreement for all remaining strong lines. For high overtones located in both the visible and the near ultraviolet regions, our predicted intensities all lie within 10% of recent atmospheric observations. A crossing of energy levels in the ν1 fundamental and 2ν2 states is seen to offset transition intensities in the ν1 fundamental band; residual inaccuracies within the potential energy surface used is the cause of this problem.
Silicon-based polarization analyzer by polarization-frequency mapping
Authors: Zhou Hailong , Yan Siqi , Wei Yanxian , Zhao Yuhe , Cheng Ziwei , Qie Jinran , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: August 2018

Measuring states of polarizations (SOPs) is a fundamental requirement in high capacity optical communications, optical imaging, and material characterization. However, most of the existing methods focused on the assembly of spatial optical elements, making the system bulky and complex. Alternatively, the integrated methods were mainly presented by plasmonic nanostructures or metasurfaces, difficult to integrate with commonly used silicon photonic devices. For large-scale inter-chip optical interconnections, the silicon-based polarization analyzers are in demand and in its infancy. Here, a silicon-based polarization analyzer by polarization-frequency mapping is put forward. The basis vectors of polarization are mapped to two frequencies by thermally tuned phase shifters. The SOPs are retrieved from the frequency domain. The proposed polarization analyzer is demonstrated experimentally and can measure SOPs in the entire C-band. The scheme is compatible with the CMOS fabrication process, making it possible to be integrated with other silicon-based devices monolithically.
Design and analysis of a multiple sensor units vector hydrophone
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Xu Qingda , Zhang Guojun , Shen Nixing , Shang Zhenzhen , Pei Yu , Ding Junwen , Zhang Lansheng , Wang Renxin , Zhang Wendong
Published: August 2018

Inspired by the hairy structure of fish neuromast, a multiple sensor units (multi-unit) vector hydrophone is proposed in the paper, which integrates multiple sensor units on one chip according to bionics. Its sensitivity and signal noise ratio (SNR) are theoretically analyzed compared with the hydrophone which has only one sensor unit. In order to verify the correctness of the theory, a 4-unit vector hydrophone has been fabricated. For experiments, the comparative calibration experiment is used to validate the theoretical analysis of sensitivity and fast fourier transform algorithm (FFT) is used to process the experiment data to verify the theoretical analysis of SNR. The results show that the sensitivity of the 4-unit hydrophone is improved by 11.8 dB and the SNR is improved by 1.9 dB on average, which is correlated with the theoretical analysis.
Open-cell poly(vinylidene fluoride) foams with polar phase for enhanced airborne sound absorption
Authors: Mohamed Ayman Mahmoud , Yao Kui , Yousry Yasmin Mohamed , Chen Shuting , Wang Junling , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: August 2018

Open-cell foams of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) homopolymer were fabricated with the content of polar phase being changed by thermal treatment, and their airborne acoustic absorption performance properties were measured comparably in an acoustic tube. The experimental results showed that the sample with the more polar phase and hence a stronger local piezoelectric effect exhibited a significantly larger acoustic absorption coefficient. In addition to the conventional visco-inertial, thermal and materials damping effects, our analysis indicated that the thin and polar struts of PVDF foams with the polar phase and the local piezoelectric effect may further enhance the mechanical damping by converting the excited mechanical vibration to electricity through the local piezoelectric effect and increasing the friction and viscous loss at the fluid-solid interface in the presence of electrical charges. The open-cell polymer foams with high content of the polar phase and the local piezoelectric effect have great potential for passive airborne noise mitigation applications.
Control of near-field radiative heat transfer based on anisotropic 2D materials
Authors: Ge Lixin , Cang Yuping , Gong Ke , Zhou Lihai , Yu Daqing , Luo Yongsong
Published: August 2018

In this work, we study the near-field radiative heat transfer between two suspended sheets of anisotropic 2D materials. It is found that the radiative heat transfer can be enhanced with orders-of-magnitude over the blackbody limit for nanoscale separation. The enhancement is attributed to the excitation of anisotropic and hyperbolic plasmonic modes. Meanwhile, a large thermal modulation effect, depending on the twisted angle of principal axes between the upper and bottom sheets of anisotropic 2D materials, is revealed. The near-field radiative heat transfer for different concentrations of electron is demonstrated and the role of hyperbolic plasmonic modes is analyzed. Our finding of radiative heat transfer between anisotropic 2D materials may find promising applications in thermal nano-devices, such as non-contact thermal modulators, thermal lithography, thermos-photovoltaics, etc.
Therapeutic equivalence program: continued economic benefits in the context of rising costs and increased demand
Authors: Chynoweth Tom , Larmour Ian
Published: August 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the effect of a therapeutic equivalence program (TEP) in achieving financial sustainability from 2010–11 to 2014–15. Methods A TEP was introduced at Monash Health in 2006–07. Therapeutic medicine classes for inclusion were selected by stakeholder consensus and a preferred medicine for each class was chosen based upon therapeutic equivalence and cost considerations. New patients were commenced on a preferred medicine, but patients already prescribed another medicine from the same therapeutic class were not automatically switched to the preferred medicine. Data was obtained retrospectively from the pharmacy dispensing system, including the purchasing and issuing of all medicines from the preferred medicine classes. The prescribing patterns for preferred and comparator medicines were used as a measure of acceptance of the TEP, along with the savings produced by the program. Results Over the 5-year evaluation period, 18 therapeutic classes were targeted, including seven new classes. Six therapeutic classes from the 11 included in the TEP before 2010–11 were removed throughout the evaluation period when the comparative economic benefits were no longer present. The use of all preferred medicines increased following implementation and a total of AU$7.38 million was saved from 2010–11 to 2014–15 and AU$10.54 million across 2006–07 to 2014–15. Conclusions This paper provides an update on the progress of the TEP at Monash Health and outlines additional learnings gained. The market dynamics for pharmaceuticals means ongoing maintenance and review of the therapeutic medicine classes targeted is important to enable continued economic benefits. What is known about the topic? There is continued and increasing focus on efficient, cost-effective and financially sustainable medication management. There is limited information available on strategies that can be implemented at a health service level. What does this paper add? The TEP has resulted in sustained savings. The market dynamics for pharmaceuticals means ongoing maintenance and review of the therapeutic classes targeted is important to enable continued economic benefits. What are the implications for practitioners? TEP is a process of genuine disinvestment. Identification and resolution of critical factors in the success of the program may assist implementation at other health services.
Analysing aggregate clinical data to support evaluation of the Tackling Indigenous Smoking program, 2014–16
Authors: Wright Alyson , Cameron Helen , Roe Yvette , Lovett Ray
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the change in recording of client population smoking attributes (smoking status recorded and smoking status) in Tackling Indigenous Smoking (TIS)-funded services compared with non-funded services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 2014–16.

Methods
The study included a cohort of 152 Aboriginal-community controlled services with aggregate client smoking data from 2014 to 2016. Negative binomial regression was used to assess change in smoking status recorded and smoking status between TIS and non-TIS funded organisations. The models controlled for size of client population, jurisdiction and remoteness.

Results
From 2014 to 2016, the overall reporting rate (change in recording of smoking status) of client smoking status was 1.58-fold higher (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.91; P<0.001) in TIS-funded than non-TIS-funded services after controlling for year, remoteness and their interaction. The highest change in reporting of client smoking status was for TIS-funded services in remote areas (reporting ratio 6.55; 95% CI 5.18–8.27; P<0.001). In 2016, TIS-funded services reported higher overall levels of recording client smoking status (current, ex- and non-smokers) than non-TIS funded services (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00–1.28; P<0.001). There was no significant change in the reporting of smokers, ex-smokers or non-smokers over the three reporting periods.

Conclusion
The analysis shows higher reporting of the proportion of the service client population for services funded under the TIS program compared with non-TIS-funded services. Existing evidence suggests that following-up smokers with targeted clinical interventions once they have had smoking status recorded could reduce smoking rates in the long term. The public health contribution of this study has defined one method for assessing smoking attributes when using aggregate health service data. This method could be applied to future tobacco control programs in health services.

What is known about the topic?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking prevalence is high. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare providers’ national key performance indicators (nKPIs) are one data source that can track changes over time in smoking in clients of these services.

What does this paper add?
This paper presents the first analytical study and evaluation of the nKPI dataset items on smoking.

What are the implications for practitioners?
There is value in analysing routinely collected data in program evaluations. The method used in this paper demonstrates one approach that could be used to assess smoking indicators and their changes over time in TIS program evaluation.
Insights to optimise marketing decisions on pig-grower farms
Authors: Rodríguez-Sanchez S. V. , Pla-Aragones L. M. , De Castro R.
Published: August 2018

Modern pig production in a vertically integrated company is a highly specialised and industrialised activity, requiring increasingly complex and critical decision-making. The present paper focuses on the decisions made on the pig-grower farms operating on an all-in–all-out management policy at the last stage of pig production. Based on a mixed-integer linear-programming model, an assessment for specific parameters to support marketing decisions on farms without individual weight control is made. The analysis of several key factors affecting the optimal marketing policy, such as transportation cost, when and how many pigs to deliver to the abattoir and weight homogeneity of the batch, served to gain insight into marketing decisions. The results confirmed that not just the feeding program, but also the grading price system, transportation and batch homogeneity have an enormous impact on the optimal marketing policy of fattening farms in a vertically integrated company. In addition, within the range of conditions considered, a time window of 4 weeks was deemed as optimal for delivering animals to the abattoir and the subsequent revenue was 15% higher than with traditional marketing rules.
Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF transcription factors in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and expression profiling of the VrDREB subfamily under drought stress
Authors: Labbo Abdullahi Muhammad , Mehmood Maryam , Akhtar Malik Nadeem , Khan Muhammad Jawad , Tariq Aamira , Sadiq Irfan
Published: August 2018

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a valuable legume crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia. Drought is one of the major factors hindering its growth globally. APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element factor binding proteins (AP2/ERF) are an important family of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in drought-stress tolerance. We identified 71 AP2/ERF TFs in the mungbean genome by using bioinformatics tools and classified them into subfamilies: AP2 (16 members), ERF (22), RAV (2), DREB (30) and soloist (other proteins with no domain, 1). Members of DREB play a critical role in drought-stress tolerance. Ten-day-old mungbean plants cv. AZRI-06 were exposed to drought stress by complete withholding of water for 7 days. Root samples were collected from control and drought-stressed plants, and the expression pattern of 30 identified VrDREB genes was determined by qPCR. Most VrDREB genes exhibited differential expression in response to drought. Five genes (VrDREB5, VrDREB12, VrDREB13, VrDREB22, VrDREB30) were highly expressed under drought stress and might be considered excellent candidates for further functional analysis and for improvement of mungbean drought tolerance.
Multivalent, multiflavored droplets by design
Authors: Zhang Yin , He Xiaojin , Zhuo Rebecca , Sha Ruojie , Brujic Jasna , Seeman Nadrian C. , Chaikin Paul M.
Published: August 2018

Significance

Whereas crystals and other geometrical structures can be self-assembled under equilibrium conditions from a few particles with a few, often simple, identical interactions, functional materials require a multitude of specific interactions between many different types of particles and nonequilibrium, often hierarchical assembly. Here, we introduce a set of building blocks on the colloidal micrometer scale with designed valence and specificity that readily make linear, branched, or other programmed connected networks, yet maintain the flexibility needed to fold, unfold, or restructure from the original backbone. We demonstrate the self-assembly of alternating copolymers, hetero chains, trivalent clusters, and a dynamic programmability by opening and closing chain ends.
History of art paintings through the lens of entropy and complexity
Authors: Sigaki Higor Y. D. , Perc Matjaž , Ribeiro Haroldo V.
Published: August 2018

Significance

The critical inquiry of paintings is essentially comparative. This limits the number of artworks that can be investigated by an art expert in reasonable time. The recent availability of large digitized art collections enables a shift in the scale of such analysis through the use of computational methods. Our research shows that simple physics-inspired metrics that are estimated from local spatial ordering patterns in paintings encode crucial information about the artwork. We present numerical scales that map well to canonical concepts in art history and reveal a historical and measurable evolutionary trend in visual arts. They also allow us to distinguish different artistic styles and artworks based on the degree of local order in the paintings.
Seroprevalence, risk factor, and spatial analyses of Zika virus infection after the 2016 epidemic in Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Zambrana José Victor , Bustos Carrillo Fausto , Burger-Calderon Raquel , Collado Damaris , Sanchez Nery , Ojeda Sergio , Carey Monterrey Jairo , Plazaola Miguel , Lopez Brenda , Arguello Sonia , Elizondo Douglas , Aviles William , Coloma Josefina , Kuan Guillermina , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree , Harris Eva
Published: August 2018

Significance

Seroprevalence studies are important for determining risk factors for infection and for assessing the susceptible fraction of a population after an epidemic has swept through a population. Here, Zika virus (ZIKV) seroprevalence was estimated among participants of a pediatric cohort, a separate household cohort, and an adult-only subset from the household cohort, in Managua, Nicaragua, after the 2016 Zika epidemic, yielding 36, 46, and 56% seropositivity, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the only ZIKV seroprevalence study reported in Central America and the largest in the Americas and in a pediatric population to date. The explosive 2016 Zika epidemic resulted in a high level of seropositivity to ZIKV, making a second large Zika epidemic in Managua in the near future unlikely.
Vanishing quantum oscillations in Dirac semimetal ZrTe
5
Authors: Wang Jingyue , Niu Jingjing , Yan Baoming , Li Xinqi , Bi Ran , Yao Yuan , Yu Dapeng , Wu Xiaosong
Published: August 2018

Significance

Topological materials exhibit a nontrivial Berry phase, experimental determination of which heavily relies on a straightforward phase analysis of quantum oscillations. We report the observation of a striking spin-zero effect in quantum oscillations of topological materials. The concomitant phase inversion underlines a largely overlooked phase factor in previous oscillation analysis of topological materials. Moreover, our results indicate that the Berry phase in

Z
r
T
e

5

remains nontrivial in the presence of a magnetic field and support a field-driven line node phase.
Impact of climate change on the transition of Neanderthals to modern humans in Europe
Authors: Staubwasser Michael , Drăgușin Virgil , Onac Bogdan P. , Assonov Sergey , Ersek Vasile , Hoffmann Dirk L. , Veres Daniel
Published: August 2018

Significance

A causality between millennial-scale climate cycles and the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans in Europe has tentatively been suggested. However, that replacement was diachronous and occurred over several such cycles. A poorly constrained continental paleoclimate framework has hindered identification of any inherent causality. Speleothems from the Carpathians reveal that, between 44,000 and 40,000 years ago, a sequence of stadials with severely cold and arid conditions caused successive regional Neanderthal depopulation intervals across Europe and facilitated staggered repopulation by modern humans. Repetitive depopulation–repopulation cycles may have facilitated multiple genetic turnover in Europe between 44,000 and 34,000 years ago.
The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Xi , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: August 2018

Significance

Most of the population in developing countries live in places with unsafe air. Utilizing variations in transitory and cumulative air pollution exposures for the same individuals over time in China, we provide evidence that polluted air may impede cognitive ability as people become older, especially for less educated men. Cutting annual mean concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) in China to the Environmental Protection Agency’s standard (50 μg/m
3
) would move people from the median to the 63rd percentile (verbal test scores) and the 58th percentile (math test scores), respectively. The damage on the aging brain by air pollution likely imposes substantial health and economic costs, considering that cognitive functioning is critical for the elderly for both running daily errands and making high-stake decisions.
Translating for nothing
Authors: Fernández José Francisco
Published: August 2018

The starting point of the present article lies in a question posed by Raymond Federman in a well-known essay on Texts for Nothing: “What form can fiction take when it encounters everywhere nothing but verbal dust?” (Federman 2001: 161). Any critical description of this collection of Beckett’s short pieces points to the worn-out quality of the language, as if the process of negation had deeply affected style with the result of having a text in its final stages of decomposition, of being the remnants of a conscience in the process of dissolution. Apropos of a new translation into Spanish of Texts for Nothing / Textos para nada (2015), the author of the new version wants to reflect on the impossibility of translating words that seem to be so fragile and exhausted that the act of moving them to another language would necessarily entail the definitive shattering into pieces of an already thin fabric of words. The questions that will be addressed are related to the theoretical framework needed to handle this frail material: How can the translator negotiate the conflicting meaning of words without reinforcing its inconsistency even further? By which mechanisms can a translator of Texts for Nothing support his/her work considering, in the words of Hannelore Fahrenback and John Fletcher, “the ghostly dimension of space/time inhabited by this disembodied voice”? (Fahrenback and Fletcher 1976)
Discourse uses and prosodic properties ofranhouin spontaneous Mandarin conversation
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: August 2018

This paper examines two emerging discourse uses, topic-shifting and trail-off, of a temporal conjunctionranhouin spontaneous Mandarin conversation. Unlike traditional approaches that focus exclusively on such textual functions as temporality and consequentiality ofranhou, the present study considers the role of prosody in makingranhourecognizable as a topic-shifting and trail-off marker in interaction. Using the framework of conversation analysis, this paper reveals that, as a topic-shifting marker,ranhousignals both stepwise and disjunctive topic shifts; as a trail-off marker, it marks the closure of the current turn and invites the recipient’s response. The prosodic analysis demonstrates that the topic-shiftingranhoushows a significantly longer duration and larger pitch range than its other uses; the trail-offranhoufeatures intonational independence, loudness diminuendo, and/or durational lengthening. These prosodic designs, in collaboration with particular sequential environment, make the new discourse uses and their associated interactional purposes recognizable by conversation co-participants.
Single-word English prepositions in Hong Kong Cantonese
Authors: Chan Brian Hok-Shing
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a structural borrowing account for a lexicogrammatical phenomenon whereby, in on ongoing Cantonese discourse, the use of a single-word English preposition triggers and activates an English construction, specifically an NP COP P NP sequence, and brings it into that discourse. The borrowed structure eventually converges with Cantonese, with the English preposition reanalyzed as a verb or a coverb. It is further suggested that these processes of structural borrowing and convergence are semantically motivated. Drawing on Cognitive Grammar, the borrowed structurenp cop p npprofiles a location as a relationship (whereas in Cantonese it is profiled as a thing by a postposition), and thepp(i.e.,p np) is profiled as a property of the subject or trajector (whereas in Cantonese a coverb phrase is always associated with a process). The converged constructions – in which an English preposition is reanalyzed as a verb or coverb – profile more dynamic and specific processes.
Llengua i dialecte al teatre català (segles xvi-xix)
Authors: Rossich Albert
Published: August 2018

L’estudi de les obres literàries que fan servir, en un mateix text, més d’una llengua obre un punt de vista nou a tot un seguit de problemes i procediments estilístics que altrament podrien passar desapercebuts. Aquest article se centra en un aspecte generalment inadvertit, tot i que és força present en les obres dramàtiques en català de l’edat moderna, que és l’ús que es fa d’una variant dialectal per caracteritzar el personatge del graciós, tan típic de la comèdia barroca, i que contrasta amb l’ús lingüístic no marcat de la resta de personatges.
"Aquells que hic parteixen e en van en altres parts no moren d'aquest mal". La decadència del clític adverbial hic durant els segles xv i xvi
Authors: Ribera Josep E.
Published: August 2018

El català antic manifestava l’oposició entre referència fòrica i díctica a través dels
clítics locatius o al·latius hi i hic. L’ús fòric de hi s’oposava a l’ús díctic de hic, que competia també amb els demostratius tònics ací i aquí. A més, hic havia adoptat el valor díctic ablatiu de l’adverbi llatí hinc; confluïa, doncs, semànticament i funcionalment amb el pronom en. A partir de l’anàlisi de les freqüències que proporciona el Corpus Informatitzat de Català Antic, aquest treball delimita els factors de la desaparició de hic durant els segles xv i xvi. Els resultats demostren que les tensions funcionals i pragmàtiques dins del paradigma dels adverbis demostratius del català antic van ser les causes de la desaparició de hic.
Espais per a l'èpica: de Lepant a la guerra de Successió
Authors: Miralles Eulàlia
Published: August 2018

La literatura ha guardat sempre un espai per a l’èpica, vista des d’antic com un instrument de propaganda de les gestes nacionals. Al Principat de Catalunya durant l’edat moderna, la batalla de Lepant i les guerres dels Segadors i de Successió van generar una literatura heroica, patriòtica i cristiana, en què el discurs parteix en bona part d’una concepció de la guerra (i la victòria) com a fonament de la força de la nació i del cristianisme com a pern de la societat civilitzada. Siguin epopeies, epil·lis, panegírics o poesia narrativa, aquests escrits devien ser sentits com a èpica pels contemporanis.
Algunes observacions sobre la ironia espriuana
Authors: Rigobon Patrizio
Published: August 2018

L’article estudia la ironia espriuana en algunes de les seves obres publicades
durant la Segona República i la Guerra Civil (Miratge a Citerea, Aspectes). Per tal d’entendre’n millor el desenvolupament, s’han considerat també obres publicades durant les etapes posteriors (Primera història d’Esther i el conte Tres sorores) així com la relació entre ironia, humor i sarcasme. Segons el filòsof Ferrater Mora, la ironia és una actitud típica de les èpoques de crisi que amb dificultats arriba a ser humor en el cas d’Espriu. L’article s’ocupa també de la autoironia espriuana que està estrictament connectada amb l’actitud ètica de l’autor.
Lingüística i diccionaris. Un dels reptes de la lexicografia actual
Authors: Fontanals Joaquim Rafel i
Published: August 2018

En aquest treball s’analitzen les relacions entre la teoria lingüística i la pràctica
lexicogràfica. La major part dels diccionaris tradicionals se solen caracteritzar per una manca de fonaments teòrics i pel fet de no tenir en compte els avenços que s’han produït en la descripció de les unitats lèxiques. Tot amb tot, al llarg del segle xx han tingut lloc alguns intents d’incorporar en els diccionaris criteris de base lingüística, d’una manera més o menys sistemàtica, especialment pel que fa a la combinatòria lèxica, a les estructures sintàctiques i a les restriccions de selecció, cosa que ha estat facilitada pel recurs als grans corpus textuals de referència. En el cas del català s’il·lustra aquest fet amb el Diccionari descriptiu de la llengua catalana i amb una nova versió del Diccionari manual de la llengua catalana, que és en curs de redacció.
Les llegendes sobre la Passió de Jesús a la tradició catalana
Authors: Llinàs Caterina Valriu
Published: August 2018

En aquest estudi revisem cent llegendes sobre la passió i mort de Jesús de la tradició catalana i n’analitzem les fonts i la contextualització, la seva vinculació amb el Nou Testament, els motius, els arguments i els personatges que les conformen, les escenes evangèliques que s’hi tracten, la presència de la naturalesa com a personatge, l’estructura i la funcionalitat que presenten i l’especificitat de les que usen formes mimològiques. Les conclusions ens duen a constatar llur abundància i varietat, l’estreta vinculació al món femení i la seva uniformitat estructural, així com l’alt grau de rendibilitat funcional que presenten per explicar característiques determinades de l’entorn natural i per a transmetre pautes de conducta a través d’una formulació literària atractiva que presenta una gran capacitat de perviure en la tradició.
Language, sexuality and corpus linguistics
Authors: Baker Paul
Published: August 2018

In this paper I discuss the potential that corpus linguistics approaches have to make in terms of enabling research on language and sexuality. After giving some background relating to my involvement in the development of this approach and discussion of some of the benefits of using corpus linguistics, I then outline some potential areas for concern, including: misconceptions of the field as only quantitative, the danger of reading only concordance lines, over-reliance on the idea of removing bias, the tendency of corpus approaches to focus on difference or easily searchable features and issues with copyright and ethics. I then discuss potential future directions that the approach could take, focussing on work in non-western and non-English contexts, the development of new tools such as Lancsbox, and the integration of multimodal analyses, using examples from my own work and others.
L’emploi du clitique sujet en francoprovençal valaisan
Authors: Kristol Andres
Published: August 2018

Avec un corpus de près de 17’000 occurrences pour les 6 personnes grammaticales, dans les 25 points d’enquête de l’Atlas linguistique audiovisuel valaisan (ALAVAL, http://alaval.unine.ch), il devient possible de tester sur une base relativement solide différents facteurs de variation qui conditionnent l’emploi généralement facultatif du clitique sujet en francoprovençal valaisan : influence de la nature phonétique du verbe (initiale vocalique ou consonantique), influence de la personne grammaticale (et des désinences verbales correspondantes), influence d’un élément preverbal, influence du genre grammatical (différences entre le féminin et le masculin à la 3e personne du singulier et du pluriel). Ces différents facteurs se superposent, se croisent et se contredisent, de sorte qu’il n’en résulte que des tendances, et aucune conclusion simple et claire ne semble se dégager des données disponibles.
On negative indefinites in Gallo
Authors: Becerra-Zita Samantha , Demirdache Hamida
Published: August 2018

This paper brings to bear primary fieldwork data from Gallo on negation and polarity related issues. We defend two correlated
proposals. (i) The negative markers pas/pouint in Gallo are not inherently negative, but rather merely signal the
presence of abstract semantic negation in their clause. (ii) In (at least) the Morbihan dialect of Gallo, the negative markers
pas/pouint come in two variants: a plain and a scalar variant, both of which enter into a
Negative Concord relation with abstract semantic negation. The scalar NPI variant corresponding to aoqhun across
other Gallo dialects, or to aucun in Standard French, is pas/pouint aoqhun and it is the negator
(minimizer) pas/pouint that provides the necessary scalarity component characteristic of N(P)Is (formally the
scalar feature [+σ]) to the plain indefinite aoqhun. As a corollary, adapting Labelle & Espinal (2014), the shift from indefinite to (N)PI involves transfer of a scalar feature from a
minimizer to an indefinite.
Les clivées envoici / voilà
Authors: Karssenberg Lena , Lahousse Karen , Marzo Stefania
Published: August 2018

Cet article est consacré à trois types de clivées envoici/voilà(type 1 :voilà le chat qui arrive, type 2 :le voilà qui arrive, type 3 :voilà deux semaines que j’attends). Nous analysons (i) l’alternance entrevoicietvoilà, (ii) la distribution des trois types dans deux corpus, (iii) l’alternance entre le premier et le deuxième type, et (iv) leurs fonctions discursives. Nous montrons entre autres quevoicin’apparaît que dans 20% des cas et que l’alternance entre les deux premiers types s’explique par des principes généraux concernant l’accessibilité des référents. De plus, les trois types fonctionnent comme des marqueurs de saillance et le troisième type peut également créer un cadre temporel pour le contexte postérieur.
The origin of the valency metaphor in linguistics
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: August 2018

The aim of this squib is to question the popular belief that the metaphor ofvalencywas introduced to linguistics by Lucien Tesnière in the middle of 20th century. Rather, we show that it was first used by Charles Peirce half a century earlier, leading to apparently independent – but probably mediated by Roman Jakobson – ‘discoveries’ of this metaphor by linguists in the Soviet Union, Holland, USA and indeed France.
The encoding and signalling of discourse relations in argumentative discourse
Authors: Fetzer Anita
Published: August 2018

This chapter examines the role of production format in the linguistic realization of discourse relations in the argumentative discourse genre of commentary, distinguishing between implicitly realized discourse relations, encoded in coherence strands and lexical coherence, and overtly realized discourse relations, encoded in coherence strands and additionally signalled with discourse connectives, metadiscursive comments and non-congruently configurated theme zones. The production format comprises single-authored commentaries, monadically edited commentaries and dyadically edited commentaries. The edited texts stem from a discourse-editing task: the source text was stripped of almost all adverbials yet retained the original argumentative sequential organization and default configuration of events. The study is methodologically compositional across functional approaches to discourse grammar, discourse semantics, and discourse pragmatics. The analysis confirms that Contrast is realized overtly by default, Continuation and Explanation tend to be realized overtly in edited texts and Elaboration is realized more frequently overtly in single-authored texts.
“God that came out quick didn’t it eh”
Authors: Gómez González María de los Ángeles
Published: August 2018

This study compares and contrasts British English variable tag questions, i.e. those containing a grammatically dependent question tag (e.g. isn’t it?), with invariable ones, i.e. those containing lexical tag questions (e.g. right?). Results are reported for five research questions concerning the (i) formal and (ii) functional characteristics of variable and invariable tag questions, as well as the factors motivating the choice of one type over the other, namely (iii) gender, (iv) age and (v) genre. Based on a sample of 858 tag questions, my findings suggest that British English shows a consistently higher preference for variable tag questions (717 vs. 141 tokens). Further differences and parallelisms are revealed for formal, functional, sociolinguistic and distributional conditions, raising new implications for further inquiry.
Emotion and appraisal processes in language
Authors: Alba-Juez Laura
Published: August 2018

This study discusses theoretical and methodological aspects of the relationship between appraisal and emotion processes in language/discourse. Taking as my point of departure both Appraisal Theory and Geoff Thompson’s later review thereof, I argue that despite their invaluable illumination of appraisal and emotion processes, these approaches cannot elucidate the complex similarities and differences between appraisal and emotion. I sketch a more interdisciplinary approach that draws not only on functional linguistics but also on linguistic pragmatics and psychological appraisal theories. I then propose a modified version of the functional relationship applied for the analysis of linguistic evaluation in my previous work as a methodological tool for the treatment of emotion in language, clearing the ground for future large-scale qualitative projects on the topic.
Forms of address in Basque
Authors: Alberdi-Larizgoitia Xabier
Published: August 2018

The aim of this article is twofold: first, to analyze and characterize forms of address in present-day Basque from a linguistic and sociolinguistic point of view, and, second, to underscore some of the distinctive features that make Basque interesting with regard to address.

This work characterizes forms and systems of address in Basque based on two main factors: second-person pronouns and allocutivity. Five types are proposed depending on dialectal variety, and the existing differences in each of these systems are described. This article aims to fill a gap in Basque studies by analyzing modes of address in present-day Basque as a whole and going beyond mere grammatical analysis: previous studies are rather partial and confusing in terms of linguistic description, dialectal distribution and social usage (hierarchy among modes of address); in contrast, this article, based on extensive field work, gives an account of the different address systems according to the dialect and shows the sociopragmatic value (i.e., level of formality or politeness and personal distance) that each mode of address acquires in its system.

The article will also highlight some of the distinctive linguistic features that make Basque interesting with regard to address. Forms of address in Basque display strong similarities with those in other languages in terms of the pronominal system and its historical development, yet they also show some distinctive features, namely: verbal allocutivity, which presents the speaker-hearer axis; gender differences in verb forms for familiar address; and the grammaticalization of expressive palatalization in the case of thexuform of address (xubeing an expressive variant of the polite pronounzu). Current trends towards simplification of the systems of address are also discussed, as is the existence of groups of speakers who use a simplified system.
“I’m really sorry about what I said”
Authors: Su Hang , Wei Naixing
Published: August 2018

This paper extends the concept of local grammar to speech act studies, focusing specifically on apologising in English. It aims primarily to demonstrate the usefulness of a local grammar approach to account for speech acts and ultimately to contribute to the on-going development of corpus pragmatics. Apology expressions in a corpus of scripted TV conversations are first automatically extracted and then manually examined in order to make sure that all remaining instances have the illocutionary force of apologising and thus qualify for further analysis. The subsequent local grammar analyses facilitate the establishment of a local grammar of apology, comprising 14 local grammar patterns. The analyses show that it is promising to develop a set of local grammars to account more adequately for speech acts in general. The relationship between local grammars, functional grammars, and general grammars is further discussed, which suggests that local grammars can be an alternative approach to functional-pragmatic studies of language and discourse. Directions for future research are outlined; and implications and applications are briefly discussed.