bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Field Testing of a Portable Wind Turbine Power Bank for Emergency Use in Remote Outdoor Activities
Authors: Picar Kristel M. , Pangan Reane Lee M. , De Jesus John Christian L. , Nalus Selwyn R. , Hernandez Clarenz Jayson C. , Makabali Arwin F. , Tolentino Armie C. , Tiria Genesis C. , Escober Ramon Vicente A.
Published: September 2024

Currently, many outdoor activities, such as hiking and camping, are increasingly popular. However, these expeditions often require access to emergency power for essentials such as cell phones, USB fans, and USB lighting. The power supply from a standard power bank is limited and insufficient to last for several days. To generate power from natural resources like wind, a power bank integrated with a wind turbine generator is necessary. This project aimed to design a portable wind turbine that integrates a power bank for use in remote locations. A flowchart was used to design the prototype, and snowball sampling was employed for the survey. The portable power-generating system consists of a small turbine, a generator, and a battery charger. Field testing was conducted on the prototype. The results showed that the DC generator produced a voltage ranging from 5.25 V to 16.35 V at wind speeds between 3.01 m/s and 6.35 m/s. A 40,000 mAh power bank combined with the wind turbine generator can recharge a smartphone 10 to 13.33 times. This indicates that the 40,000 mAh power bank can fully charge a smartphone within two hours and power a USB fan and USB light for at least eight to ten hours each. The study concludes that campers can harness wind as a natural resource to charge smartphones, USB lights, and USB fans by using a wind turbine generator integrated with a power bank. It is recommended to include additional ports and loads for enhanced functionality.
The Hidden Impact of Microinteractions on Organizational Culture
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This article examines the role of microinteractions - defined as brief, everyday exchanges between colleagues - in unconsciously influencing organizational culture, collaboration, trust, and job satisfaction. Through a review of literature and case studies, the article argues that positive microinteractions like inclusive language, active listening, offering help, and celebration can foster camaraderie and cohesion, while detrimental ones such as intimidation, disrespect, and lack of acknowledgement undermine workplace relationships over time. Specific negative microinteractions are identified, alongside organizational examples of addressing issues like exclusionary language and body language through leadership coaching. The article also discusses research linking positive microinteractions to employee engagement and well-being. Finally, strategies are proposed for infusing awareness of microinteractions into company culture, such as communication workshops, anonymous feedback tools, leadership role modeling, and shared values statements.
Ankle Spatting compared to Bracing or Taping during Maximal-Effort Sprint Drills
Authors: Reuter Grant , Dahl Angela , Senchina David
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of 4 ankle conditions (no support, bracing, taping, taping + spatting; all in football cleats) during 2 maximal-effort field drills (40-yd dash and 34-yd cutting drill) on perceptions of comfort and stability and performance outcomes. Fourteen young adult males participated. Subjects’ perceptions of comfort and stability were assessed by visual analogue scales after each drill for each ankle condition. Time-to-completion and post-completion heart rate were recorded. For both drills, significant differences in comfort perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but more comfortable than either taping or spatting + taping. Stability results differed by drill. For the dash, significant differences in stability perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but less stable than either taping or spatting + taping. By contrast, for the cutting drill significant differences in stability perception were found such that subjects perceived their ankles as less stable during the no support condition as compared to all 3 other conditions. Generally, bracing was perceived as equivocal to all 3 other conditions for comfort and stability. There were no significant differences in time-to-completion or heart rate for any comparison. Compared to bracing or taping, spatting + taping (a) did not influence performance time in explosive/sprint-type drills, (b) was perceived as equivalent to taping alone in terms of ankle comfort and stability, and (c) was perceived as equivalent to bracing in terms of stability but not comfort.
It is Essential to Re-Evaluate the NEP 2020 and Sexuality Education in Order to Ensure Its Effectiveness
Authors:   Central University of South Bihar, Pandey Niraj , Ranjan Smita ,   Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
Published: September 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant step towards revamping the educational landscape in India. One crucial aspect of this policy is the incorporation of comprehensive sexuality education into the curriculum. This paper emphasizes the importance of re-evaluating the NEP 2020 and its approach to sexuality education to ensure its effectiveness. By examining the societal, cultural, and educational contexts, as well as drawing from international best practices, the paper highlights the need for a well-rounded and age-appropriate approach to sexuality education. The effectiveness of the NEP 2020's goals in promoting informed decision-making, gender equality, and healthy relationships depends on the inclusivity of its content and the proficiency of educators. This paper advocates for a comprehensive review of the curriculum's content, teacher training methods, and engagement with various stakeholders. Through careful re-evaluation and potential revisions, the NEP 2020 can better address the diverse needs of students, foster a more open and informed society, and contribute to the overall well-being of young individuals in the ever-evolving landscape of India.
Spontaneous Cholecystocutaneous Fistula: Still a Complication of Gallstones Disease
Authors: Rahman M M
Published: September 2024

A cholecystocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of gallstone disease. The first report was written in the seventeenth centuryby Thileus. During the last 50 years, 25 cases have been reported. This presentation was a case of cholecystocutaneous fistulasuccessfully treated with excision and cholecystectomy. A 60-year-old lady presented with a persisting discharge from whatwas thought to be an 'abscess' in the right hypochondrium, which was spontaneously ruptured and afterwards it had beenexcised and drained. Investigation with ultrasound scanning and sinography, demonstrated a cholecystocutaneous fistula andcalculouscholecystitis. The fistulous track was excised together with the gallbladder.This condition was rarely seen nowadaysdue to the greater availability of antibiotic therapy and biliary surgery.Cholecystectomy was the preferred treatment for thiscase, the laparoscopic approach was an option reserved for the expert surgeon. Although in a few patients, the fistula may closespontaneously.
Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients: Seeking Healthcare in Diabetic Association Medical College Hospital, Faridpur
Authors: Biswas M A
Published: September 2024

Background: The novel corona virus has been identified as the cause of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December, 2019. It has spread almost all the countries and areas in world. The first corona virus disease detected (covid-
19 case) in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 8 March, 2020. Gradually numbers were rising alarmingly.

Objective: This study was carried out to find out the age and sex distribution, clinical presentations, impact of co morbidities, complications and mortality of confirmed covid-19 patients attended in respiratory medicine outdoor of a teaching hospital in
Faridpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, included 1458 patient with respiratory problem seeking help in respiratory medicine outdoor from 8 June 2020 to 25 Dec 2020. Among them 580 clinically suspected patient advised RT PCR for COVID 19 and
283 were found COVID-19 positive. Then data were collected from confirm cases and checked & analyzed accordingly.

Results: Most of the COVID-19 confirms patients were aged between 26-35 years old, and most common symptoms were fever 83% followed by cough(64.0%), shortness of breath(47.0%) and sore throat(43.0%). Regarding co-morbidities about 48.0% had diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension 35.0%, ischemic heart disease 32.0% and bronchial asthma 29.0%. About 29.0% of the Covid-19 positive patients were admitted in hospitals. After recovery 45% of the admitted patient developed post COVID-19 symptoms.

Conclusion: Corona viruses cause mild respiratory symptoms most commonly fever, cough or runny nose to severe respiratory distress followed by death. Middle aged male were more affected but severity and mortality was higher in elderly, and in co- morbid patients, so management of this group should be done more cautiously. Most of the severe cases developed multiple post COVID-19 symptoms so regular follow-up should be given even after cure from COVID-19
Dementia and Co-morbid Risk Factors among Elderly: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study in Dhaka City
Authors: Kabir M A
Published: September 2024

Background: Dementia is rapidly becoming the major public health problem in Bangladesh, as the prevalence of dementia is rising day by day. Therefore, risk factors assessment and early diagnosis of dementia is important to minimize this burden of the
disease.

Objectives: To determine the co-morbid risk factors of dementia among the elderly people and relationship of age and sex with dementia.

Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was carried out in two purposively selected hospitals in Dhaka city i.e. Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM), National Institute of Neuroscience and Dementia Care Project of Sir William Beveridge Foundation, Dhaka during the period of one year. Sampling technique was purposive in nature to select 120 respondents in which 60 were dementia patients and rest 60 were healthy control without dementia for comparison. All the respondents were more than 60 years of age and willing to participate in this study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire and a check list were used to collect data from the respondents. Selected investigation findings were collected through record review.

Results: In this study mean age of the dementia patients was 73.10 ± 4.93 years. Dementia was more prevalent among males (60.0%) and whose age was more than 70 years (71.67%). Furthermore, some medical illness such as diabetes mellitus (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.01), liver disease (p<0.01) and stroke (p<0.01) were significantly associated with dementia Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver disease and stroke were the predominant risk factors among the respondents having dementia in elderly people under study.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Dhaka City Residents
Authors: Chowdhury N S
Published: September 2024

Background: Bangladesh has adopted some special steps to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, the local resident's knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 play an important role in defining a society's eagerness to accept behavioral change measures from health authorities.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of residents towards the COVID-19 disease. Methods: This was a online survey which was descriptive cross-sectional in nature regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of respondents towards COVID-19. It was conducted from the 1 February 2020 to 31 July 2020. Data were collected by online using Google Forms. A total of 54 participants participated in the study.

Result: Among all the respondents most 29(53.7%) were within 18-30 years age group. Mean age was 31.26(SD ±11.01) years, minimum 18 years and maximum 55 years. Female respondents were more(77.8%) in number than male. A total of 30
questions were asked to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 disease. Mean knowledge score was 13(±1.37) and 81.5 % had good knowledge. Mean attitude score was 7.20(±0.07) and 98.1 % had good attitude. Regarding
practices 74.1% of the respondent had good practice and mean score was 6.09(±1.03).

Conclusion: Though about 74.1% of total respondents had good practice towards preventive measures of COVID-19 but all of them are Dhaka city resident, so more awareness campaign should be conducted focusing on the residents in rural area to cover
their knowledge gaps and motivation for appropriate practice.
Characterizing Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19)
Authors: Tarafdar M A
Published: September 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus thatemerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19), whichthreatens human health and public safety. Populations with comorbidities, such as cerebrovascular and cardiovasculardiseases, hypertension, COPD, and renal disease are most at risk of dying from COVID-19. It is also evident that comorbiditieshave definite impact on the severity of COVID-19. The varied clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with its rapid human-to-human transmission throughout the world resulted in high rates of mortality rate in a short time. The epidemiology and thecharacteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh need to have a proper insight into the natural history, patho-physiologyand patterns in progression of the disease.
A Case Report: An Unusual Presentation of Takayasus Arteritis
Authors: Rashid M H
Published: September 2024

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of unknown cause. It is characterized by stenosis, occlusion andaneurysm of large elastic arteries. Commonly arch of aorta and its branches. It mainly affects young women of Asia, MiddleEast and South America. The presented report is the case of a young woman of 18 years age from Faridpur, Bangladesh havingthe atypical and uncommon features of Takayasu's arteritis. Her complaints were fever, weakness of left hand, pain over backof chest and neck and dizziness with vomiting for several times. The report also covered details of case history, selectedinvestigations, and treatment modalities including author's views in terms of discussion and conclusion in particular.
Steady-state neuron-predominant LINE-1 encoded ORF1p protein and LINE-1 RNA increase with aging in the mouse and human brain
Authors: Bonnifet Tom , Sinnassamy Sandra , Massiani-Beaudoin Olivia , Mailly Philippe , Monnet Héloïse , Loew Damarys , Lombard Berangère , Servant Nicolas , Joshi Rajiv L , Fuchs Julia
Published: September 2024

Recent studies have established a reciprocal causal link between aging and the activation of transposable elements, characterized in particular by a de-repression of LINE-1 retrotransposons. These LINE-1 elements represent 21% of the human genome, but only a minority of these sequences retain the coding potential essential for their mobility. LINE-1 encoded proteins can induce cell toxicity implicated in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, our knowledge of the expression and localization of LINE-1-encoded proteins in the central nervous system is limited. Using a novel approach combining atlas-based brain mapping with deep-learning algorithms on large-scale pyramidal brain images, we unveil a heterogeneous, neuron-predominant and widespread ORF1p expression throughout the murine brain at steady-state. In aged mice, ORF1p expression increases significantly which is corroborated in human post-mortem dopaminergic neurons by an increase in young LINE-1 elements including those with open reading frames. Mass spectrometry analysis of endogenous mouse ORF1p revealed novel, neuron-specific protein interactors. These findings contribute to a comprehensive description of the dynamics of LINE-1 and ORF1p expression in the brain at steady-state and in aging and provide insights on ORF1p protein interactions in the brain.
Efeitos sociais da implementação da usina hidrelétrica de Lajeado: reassentamentos do Córrego do Prata e Pinheirópolis Rural
Authors: Chaves Ana Carolina , Strauch Julia Célia Mercedes , Britto Fabio Giusti Azevedo de , Soares Layza da Rocha , Green Maria Pereira Lima
Published: September 2024

A matriz elétrica brasileira pode ser caracterizada pela presença de um parque gerador, essencialmente, hidrotérmico, onde a produção hidrelétrica é impulsionada pela expansão de Grandes Projetos de Investimento (GPIs). Desde o início de sua inserção no território, estes projetos vêm proporcionando profundos impactos no meio físico-biótico e na dinâmica territorial e social pré-existente. Diante deste contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo compreender os desdobramentos sociais e territoriais provocados pela implementação da usina hidrelétrica de Lajeado, partindo de dois estudos de caso de reassentamentos: Córrego do Prata e Pinheirópolis Rural. A avaliação dos impactos partiu de uma análise qualitativa realizada através de pesquisas de campo na área de entorno do empreendimento para capturar as escutas e narrativas da população atingida. Em linha geral, a principal conclusão é que em regiões de elevada vulnerabilidade sociail e econômica, onde se encontram grupos sociais com diferentes identidades socioculturais, a inserção de GPIs causa profundas alterações no ordenamento territorial, afetando sobremaneira o modo de vida da população local. Apesar do avanço regulatório, institucional e tecnológico, os padrões de impactos socioambientais de projetos hidrelétricos se repetem e os instrumentos adotados para resolução de conflitos permanecem insuficientes frente às perdas materiais e simbólicas da população atingida.
Dental Trauma in the Northern Region of the State of Ceará: An Observational Study
Authors: Moreira Mateus Jorge , Viana Yann Nobre , Maria Gean Erick da Rocha de , Oliveira Clara de Assis Araujo de , Ribeiro Lucas de Castro Silva , Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , Barbosa Adriana Kelly de Sousa Santiago
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Oral and dental trauma (ODT) results from sudden forces acting on the teeth and/or adjacent tissues. The etiology is complex and often multifactorial, along with cultural and social aspects that can favor the occurrence of these traumas. Epidemiological studies on dental injuries help to plan education and prevention actions.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of patients affected by ODT over a 7-year period, treated at the Center for the Study of Patients Victims of Oral and Dental Trauma in Sobral, a project of the Federal University of Ceará.
Methodology: A descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing the medical records of all patients treated between 2016 and 2023. The data collected included gender, age, date and place of injury, diagnosis, teeth affected and time since trauma.
Results: The study included 99 patients with 169 affected teeth. Males were predominantly affected (73.3%), with the upper right central incisor being the most frequently injured tooth (21.9%). In addition, 18.18% of patients had a history of previous injuries. The most affected age group was children aged 0-12 (60.6%), with falls from a height being the main cause (29.29%), followed by bicycle accidents (12.12%). Most injuries occurred at home (35.35%).
Clinical Significance: ODTs represent an important public health problem. This study corroborates the existing literature, highlighting that dental trauma predominantly affects young males and impacts the anterior maxillary region. Understanding the risk factors is crucial for developing effective preventive and educational strategies, ensuring timely and appropriate emergency care.
Evaluating Effects of Digital Transformation on Quality of Financial Reporting in Nairobi City County Government, Kenya
Authors: Faith Chepkorir , Kariuki Grace
Published: September 2024

Despite the Nairobi City County Government's implementation of policies designed to ensure high-quality financial reporting and enhance accountability and transparency, these measures have not fully achieved their intended outcomes. Persistent deficiencies in financial reporting quality, coupled with an increase in deceptive practices, have undermined public trust. While digital transformation holds promise for improving financial reporting, existing empirical research is limited by conceptual, methodological, and contextual gaps. This study evaluates the impact of digital transformation on financial reporting quality within Nairobi City County Government. The target population comprised 287 officers from the Finance and Economic Planning Department, from which a sample of 105 respondents was purposively selected. Utilizing both descriptive and explanatory research designs, the study employed structured questionnaires to collect primary data, which were analyzed to produce descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that big data technology has a significantly positive effect on quality of financial reporting (p<0.01; r= 0.618; β = 0.185) as block chain technology has a significantly positive effect on the quality financial reporting (p<0.01; r=;0.447 =0.254) and cloud computing technology has a significantly positive effect of quality of financial reporting in Nairobi City County Government (p<0.01; r= 0.696; β= 0.599). Additionally, there is a positive significant effect of robotic process automation on the quality of financial reporting in Nairobi City County Government (p<0.01; r= 0.5.2.5; β=0.368). Furthermore, readiness to innovate significantly moderates the relationship between digital transformation indicators and financial reporting quality, with a moderating effect of 5.07%, which negatively impacts financial reporting quality in Nairobi City County Government. The research would provide decision-makers in Nairobi City County Government with valuable insights into the dynamics of digital transformation. This information would be used to formulate regulations aimed at enhancing the quality of financial reporting.
Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shahare Manju Bhaiyalal , Yendreddy Shriyans Reddy , Shireen Murshidha , Bansal Bhavit , William Kezia , Kumar Yatindra , Patil Sauvit S , Ramesh Hridya
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune diseases are a significant clinical challenge worldwide. Traditional treatments often have adverse effects, leading to a growing interest in alternative therapies. This systematic review attempts a qualitatively synthesize of current evidence on the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in autoimmune diseases. The review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials (CTs) and observational studies published between 2013 to 2023. Databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). A total of 676 studies were retrieved from various databases. We followed the PICO framework to develop the review protocol and registered on the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) with registration number INPLASY202460031.
In the context of rheumatoid arthritis, eight potential phytochemicals have been identified, including sinomenine, curcumin, flavonol quercetin, eichhornia crassipes, apocynin, β-sitosterol, tanshinone IIA, and 3′3-diindolylmethane (DIM). For multiple sclerosis, five phytochemicals - berberine, 23-Hydroxy Ursolic Acid (23-OH UA), forskolin, sulforaphane (SFN), and moringin - have shown effectiveness. Flavonol quercetin and portulaca oleracea exhibit potential for treating type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, curcumin and quercetin have demonstrated potential activity against oral lichen planus (OLP). Anatabine has shown effectiveness against Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, while thuja occidentalis is a potential option for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Additionally, agave tequilana shows potential efficacy against Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). These natural compounds offer promising alternative or adjunctive treatments with fewer adverse effects compared to conventional therapies. Nevertheless, rigorous clinical validation is necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and establish standardized guidelines for their use in autoimmune disease management.
Development of Functional Weanimix Using Sweet Potatoes Fortified with Carrots
Authors: Salam Nafisatu , Narteh Janet Narkuor , Acquah-Mensah John
Published: September 2024

Functional weanimix was developed using sweet potatoes, soyabean and carrot.to see the best formulation and nutritional content. The consumer acceptability and the proximate composition of the product were determined. The product was prepared into porridge using three different formulations PSC100(sweet potato flour 60%, soya beans flour 30%, carrot flour 10%), PSC200(sweet potato flour 50%, soya beans flour 30%, carrot flour 20%) and PSC300(sweet potato flour 40%, soya beans flour 40%, carrot flour 20%). Thirty panellist assessed the products using the appearance, aroma, taste, mouthfeel, aftertaste, overall acceptability using point hedonic scale. Results of the study revealed that the PSC 300 was preferred in terms of appearance (4.37), aroma (4.33), after-taste (4.20), and general acceptability (4.53). PSC 100 competed fairly with PSC 300 with ratings of 4.3 (appearance), 4.13 (aroma), 4.0 (after taste), and 4.23 in general acceptability. PSC 300 was the most preferred formulation. The level of nutrients (ash-1.66%, fat-17.64%, fibre-6.86%, protein -18.32%, and carbohydrate- 52.91%) in the most preferred formulation (PSC 300) met the FAO standards and that of the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for complementary foods for infants and young children.
Analysis of Microbial Load in Local Variety Sesame Grown in Chad
Authors: Allamine Yacoub Mahamat , Djibrine Soudy Imar , Minawir Nassaradine Macki , Hassan Mahamat Tahir N’garé , Allamine Hisseine Mahamat , Kanika Mblahi Amina , Nazal Alhadj Markhous
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to assess the health quality of sesame seeds, a local variety, grown in Chad with a view to contributing to their food and economic valorization. The seeds come from experimental fields in two distinct zones: Kournari in the Sahel and Kélo in the Sudanian zone. The health quality of sesame was assessed by microbiological analyses. The results showed low contamination of the samples analyzed by total coliforms, Escherichia coli and yeasts and molds. Analysis of the results showed a total absence of yeasts and molds in the samples from Kournari. Salmonella was absent in all samples analyzed. The health quality of these sesame products is therefore good and can be used for physicochemical analyses. But the contamination of part of the samples confirms the need for good hygiene and good agricultural production techniques. It is therefore necessary to ensure compliance with good agricultural practices and good post-harvest treatment practices for sesame.
Contribution to Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies of Extracts of Crushed, Sieved and Rejected organs of Two Medicinal Plants from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Audrey N’guessan Patrick , Michael N’guessan Djagna , Jacques Konan Dibi , Akhanovna Mamyrbékova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro
Published: September 2024

Aims: This research work was carried out on the Broyat, Tamisat and Refus of the whole plant Heterotis rotundifolia and the leaves of Manihot esculenta, two medicinal plants from Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the size of particles from plant matrices on the extraction of organic phytocompounds and their biological activity.
Methodology: For this purpose, the crude extracts obtained by extraction (Soxhlet/maceration) and selective by liquid-liquid contact were prepared. Concerning the phytochemical screening, the selective extracts were used to carry out the TLC while the hydroethanolic crude extracts were used for identification tests by colored reactions (in tube), the dosage of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins as well as for their antioxidant potential and their antibacterial action. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometry using the DPPH radical while the antibacterial activity was estimated against the strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Results: Phytochemical screening results show that plant extracts contain polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, sterols and sugars. The Broyat yields a greater number of extractable phytocompounds than the Tamisat and the Refus, regardless of the type of extraction solvent and plant species used. The Tamisat contains the highest number of compounds of interest, and therefore displays greater antioxidant potential against DPPH and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: At the end of this study, it emerged that it would be preferable to use the Broyat, for phytochemical studies, and the Tamisat for biological studies.
Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Diyala Governorate from Different Clinical Sources and its Antibiotics Profile Analysis
Authors: Khalaf Shahrazad Ahmed , Mohammed Mazin Razooqi , Sabah Zaman Atiea
Published: September 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii from various clinical sources (Blood, urine, CSF, Ear swab, burn swab, wound swab, sputum and vaginal swab) were isolated from patients were attending to Baquba Teaching Hospital and Al-Betool Teaching Hospital.  A total of (27) isolates of A. baumannii bacteria out of (200) samples were isolated from various clinical sources. Diagnoses all Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria isolates and AST test by Vitek 2 advice.  The maximum isolates were obtained from blood samples 10(37.03%), urine samples 4(14.8%), CSF samples 4 (14.81%), burn swab (14.81%), sputum swab 2(7.4%), while 1(3.7) for wound swab, Ear swab, and vaginal swab. All isolates were tested for their resistance to (23) different antibiotics and the results showed that resistant to Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Trimethoprim were (96.2%) but lesser to Ticarcillin, Ticarcillin / Clavulanic Acid, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin were 88.8%.
Plasmid Profiles of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Associated with Biofilms from Ground Water Sources in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: F. T Akinruli , V. O Oluwasusi , S. O Fabunmi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The presence of microbial biofilms in our drinking water sources poses a significant health risks to human because biofilm serves as an environmental reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms; the bacteria in biofilms are usually antibiotic resistant and therefore their multiple resistance genes may be harbored on the resistant plasmid.
Aim: The study investigated the plasmid profiles of antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with biofilms from ground water sources in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria.
Methodology: One hundred samples of water were collected randomly from wells and boreholes, isolation and identification of bacteria from the biofilms of the water samples were carried out by using standard microbiological procedures, antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was carried out and multiple antibiotic resistant indexes of the bacterial isolates were calculated. The plasmid profiles of the bacterial isolates was also determined.
Results: Results showed that a total of 209 bacteria were isolated from the biofilms of the two ground water sources; these include Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae.  S. faecalis from borehole and well water samples had the highest occurrence of (37.5%) and (49.5%) respectively.  Shigella dysenteriae had the lowest occurrence of (1.8%) from borehole water while Staphylococcus aureus from well occurred least (2.1%). Both Gram positive and the Gram negative bacterial isolates showed considerable resistance to the different antibiotics. The percentage occurrence of the multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) bacterial isolates was 106 (52.5%) with the highest percentage (63.4%) from the biofilms of borehole water samples. The MAR indexes of the majority of the bacterial isolates were above 0.2, this revealed a high prevalence of MAR indexes which indicates high risk source of contamination in the study area. Of the 10 MAR isolates selected and examined for plasmid analysis, it was discovered that only six isolates harbored plasmids with molecular size range of 300-950 bp.  Plasmid curing and antibiotic sensitivity test after curing showed that curing of plasmids was effective in four isolates (P. vulgaris B11, E. coli W21, Enterobacter aerogenes W25 and Strept. faecalis B25) and partially effective in two isolates (Salmonella typhi B4 and E. coli B37). 
Conclusion: Well and borehole water must be treated at the point of use, water storage vessels must be washed regularly and there should be public enlightenment on indiscriminate use of antibiotics in order to eradicate the incidence of antibiotic resistance.
Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS for LULC Studies in the Panchganga River Basin
Authors: Mane Ratan , Patil Mangal , Wandre Sarika , Dalavi Pradip
Published: September 2024

The lower Panchganga River Basin, located in the heart of Kolhapur District, is a vital ecological and socio-economic region known for its varied landscapes and evolving land use patterns. This study aims to analyze land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the basin for the years 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. Using remote sensing and GIS techniques, we assessed an area of 811.54 sq. km, creating LULC maps for the specified years through supervised classification in QGIS.
The accuracy of the classification was evaluated using the error matrix approach, with Kappa coefficients of 0.78, 0.79, 0.71, and 0.82 for 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021, respectively, indicating satisfactory overall accuracy. The analysis revealed a decline in agricultural land (from 78.8% to 76.5%), water bodies (from 2.3% to 1.4%), barren land (from 4.9% to 3.9%), and forest areas (from 6.2% to 4.0%) over the 30-year period. Conversely, urban settlements increased significantly from 7.8% to 14.6% of the total area.
These findings highlight significant LULC changes in the basin, with agricultural land remaining predominant due to its economic importance. Understanding these changes is crucial for informed decision-making, sustainable resource management, and effective environmental planning in the Panchganga River Basin. Further study on LULC change detection in this important river basin in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, is essential for addressing the region's evolving needs.
Geographical Environment and Dynamics of Farming Systems in the Commune of Korsimoro: An Integrated Approach to Optimizing Farming Practices
Authors: Ouedraogo Ibrahim , Ouedraogo Jean Baptiste , Bonkoungou Joachim
Published: September 2024

Korsimoro, located in the Sudano-Sahelian region of north-central Burkina Faso, is heavily dependent on agriculture, making it particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study examines the interaction between biophysical factors and agricultural practices in Korsimoro. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we carried out a geospatial analysis using t maps from various sources (BUNASOLS, IGB). A detailed soil evaluation was carried out to assess the agronomic potential of the different soil types. Historical rainfall data was analyzed to understand the climatic variability of the region.
The results reveal that the leached tropical ferruginous indurated soils (FLIPP), which occupy almost half of Korsimoro, have low agronomic potential due to their shallow depth and limited water retention capacity. These soil characteristics, combined with the decline in vegetation cover due to deforestation and overgrazing, make the region highly vulnerable to soil degradation. In addition, the region experiences high variability in rainfall, which poses a major threat to agricultural productivity.
As a result, the low agronomic potential of the soil and the increasing variability of the climate have a direct impact on farming practices in Korsimoro. Farmers in the region are facing difficulties in maintaining crop yields and ensuring food security.
To improve the resilience of farming systems in Korsimoro, we recommend the following:

Site-specific soil management practices: Given the heterogeneity of soil types, adapted soil management practices, such as conservation tillage and organic fertilization, should be encouraged to improve soil fertility and water retention.

Improved water management: Investments in water harvesting, irrigation and water efficiency technologies are essential to mitigate the effects of drought and ensure a stable water supply for agriculture.

Agroforestry: Integrating trees into farming systems can help to improve soil structure, reduce erosion and enhance biodiversity.
Climate-smart farming: Adopting climate-smart farming practices, such as drought-resistant crop varieties, can help farmers adapt to changing climatic conditions.
Capacity building: Providing farmers with training and extension services on sustainable farming practices is essential to ensure the long-term success of these interventions.

By implementing these recommendations, Korsimoro can improve agricultural productivity, enhance food security and contribute to more sustainable land management practices.
Root Characters of High Oleic and Normal Groundnut Varieties as Influenced by Nutrient Management under Well Water and Water Stress Environments
Authors: Vamshi Oddula , Reddy M. Malla , Sawargaonkar G. L. , Sarada Ch. , Sudini Hari Kishan
Published: September 2024

Aims:  To find out the influence of moisture stress and nutrient management on root parameters of high oleic and normal groundnut varieties.
Background: A field experiment was conducted at ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, during rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24 to evaluate the performance of high oleic and normal Groundnut varieties with nutrient management practices under well watered and water stress conditions.
Methodology: During the years 2022-23 and 2023-24 an experiment was performed in a split plot design over the environments. Under well watered conditions irrigation is given at 1.0 cumulative Epan, whereas in water stress irrigation is scheduled at 0.5 cumulative Epan. Girnar 4 (ICGV 15083) and Girnar 5 (ICGV 15090) are the high oleic varieties and Kadiri Lepakshi (K1812) is the normal oleic variety, which were used in the study.
Results: The root parameters of oleic and normal groundnut varieties differed significantly between well watered and water stress conditions. The root dry weight and root volume was significantly higher in well watered condition (E I) over water stress (E II). There was no significant variation in nutrient management treatments with respect to all the root parameters studied. Among varieties V2- Girnar 5 (ICGV 15090) registered the higher values for the root parameters and those were at par with V1-Girnar 4 (ICGV 15083). Whereas, Kadiri Lepakshi variety (V3) has recorded the lower values for the root parameters studied.
Angus Graham and the Scottish harbours
Authors: Shotton Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

The Scottish antiquarian Angus Graham (1892–1979) had a distinguished career with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland and service with the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. These roles, in addition to his prolific publications in both the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (PSAS) and regional journals on a broad range of subjects, firmly established his position in the history of Scottish archaeological and antiquarian studies.
It is Graham’s research on Scotland’s harbours and havens, primarily undertaken after his retirement in 1957, that is of particular interest here, given the scale of its ambition and manner of its execution. Encompassing the entire coastline of the Scottish mainland, 536 sites were investigated by Graham from 1961 to shortly before his death, with two final papers in the sequence published posthumously, the last assembled by his long-time collaborator and niece Joanna Gordon. Graham’s work was the first comprehensive inventory of landing sites, piers and quays in the UK or Ireland, serving to establish the extent and diversity of these structures that are so critical to understanding the cultural and economic history of a region.
Graham’s extensive research on harbours acknowledged the urgent need to document this increasingly redundant and vulnerable coastal infrastructure long before the increased threat to coastal heritage due to climate change was recognised in the diverse disciplines currently studying harbours and landing sites. Given the uneven landscape of harbour research in the recent past, Graham’s contribution not only represents work of a scope that has rarely been matched but has a coherence in its structure, undoubtably drawn from his long tenure with the RCAHMS, that offers a baseline and template for the inventories of maritime structures that are so urgently needed.
Ionomers
Authors: Ko Kwang‐Hwan , Kim Joon‐Seop
Published: March 2016

Ionomers are polymers that contain a relatively small amount of ionic groups along the polymer chain of a low dielectric constant, which show unique physical properties, eg, two glass transition temperatures, small‐angle X‐ray scattering peak, transport, and high melt viscosity. The interactions between ionic groups are important in that they allow modification of the polymer properties by introducing the ionic groups into nonionic polymers. Ionomers have received considerable attention from both industrial and academic arenas.

This article starts with a brief discussion on the ionomers, multiplets, and clusters and their glass transitions. The physical properties of various ionomers are described next, followed by a discussion on ionomer blends and on plasticization using polar, nonpolar, and amphiphilic plasticizers. Finally, selected applications of ionomers are introduced.
Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons
Authors: Marshall Kenric A. , Pottenger Lynn H.
Published: March 2016

The article provides an overview of chlorinated hydrocarbons, their chemical properties, manufacture, and use. World manufacturing capacities for the major products are listed, along with the factors influencing consumption trends, and environmental and health effects are also discussed.
Quasicrystals and Complex Metallic Alloys
Authors: Dubois Jean‐Marie , Belin‐Ferré Esther , Tsai An Pang
Published: March 2016

With his famous discovery of quasicrystalline order in 1982–1984, Dan Shechtman, the 2011 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, helped establish a fascinating field in materials science that has impacted also other fields in metallurgy, geology, polymer science, artificial nanostructured materials, low temperature physics, etc. The discovery forced scientists to deepen their understanding of structure and order of matter in nature and matter's properties; thereby suggesting new applications. In this article, the most salient features of this field are presented, beginning with a view of the different ways quasiperiodicity is expressed in solids, and explaining how atomic arrangements and electron transport properties may be described in aperiodic structures. Quasicrystals, as the ultimate degree of complexity in metallic compounds, are then discussed in the context of complex metallic alloys. Finally, two examples of applications—composites and catalysts—that take advantage of the specific electron transport and electron bonding in quasicrystals are mentioned.
Discovery of Expert Findings
Authors: Wheate Rhonda M.
Published: March 2016

The disclosure of expert findings to other parties in criminal trials and civil litigation is governed by legislation, codes, regulations, and case law, depending on the jurisdiction and the nature of the proceedings. This article sets out the general requirements for the discovery of expert findings in common law jurisdictions and civil law countries, with a focus on criminal procedure.
Paternity Testing
Authors: Rolf Burkhard , Wiegand Peter
Published: March 2016

Paternity testing with genetic markers is a frequently used methodology. Both legal and private “peace of mind” testing have the same scientific background. This article covers practical aspects of the testing process as well as the scientific and statistical background. Besides paternity testing, kinship tests for more distant relationships are covered as well.
Interpretation of Mixtures; Graphical
Authors: Jamieson Allan
Published: March 2016

As forensic DNA profiling encounters more types of crime stains in terms of complex mixtures and sources, it becomes almost impossible to present all of the circumstances that an analyst may have to interpret.

Increasing the number of sources increases the complexity of the interpretation and reasonable inferences that can be drawn from a profile. The aim of this article is to illustrate the type of profiles that can be found and some of the problems in interpreting them. None of the examples are comprehensive or definitive because of the range of profiles found in casework and the continuing uncertainty as to assessing the actual number of contributors and how dubious peaks should be interpreted.
Statistical Evidence in Court
Authors: Koehler Jonathan J.
Published: March 2016

The words that a forensic science witness uses at trial to characterize a reported “match” between forensic evidence and a reference sample are important. Laboratory research indicates that even very subtle variations in the forensic scientist's words can be the difference between a guilty verdict and an acquittal in a close criminal case. This article examines the ways in which forensic scientists characterize a match, and explains how and why jurors often struggle to interpret the match statistics that they hear. The article concludes with recommendations for how a forensic scientist should communicate match statistics.
Accreditation: Laboratory
Authors: Jamieson Allan
Published: March 2016

Laboratory accreditation enhances quality assurance programs in forensic science laboratories, promoting good forensic science practices, reliable techniques, and trustworthy expert opinion. Accreditation is now widely accepted in the United States as well as internationally. In some states, accreditation is a precondition to the judicial admissibility of expert opinion. This article reviews the history of accreditation in the United States and the accreditation programs offered by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB), including both the Legacy and the International programs. The framework for the accreditation programs is described, along with the processes and criteria necessary for achieving accreditation. Recognized as a safeguard for the public, accreditation plays an important role in the criminal justice system.