bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state causing atypical status epilepticus with hippocampal involvement
Authors: Bartolini Emanuele , Valenti Raffaella , Sander Josemir W
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus may arise abruptly and decompensate suddenly, leading to a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state. Coma often ensues, although this usually reverses after the metabolic abnormalities have resolved. Acute symptomatic seizures can also occur in patients who are conscious, although these usually resolve after osmolarity and glycaemia have normalised. We describe an elderly woman who failed to regain vigilance despite prompt treatment; the cause was an unusual non-convulsive status epilepticus arising from the mesial temporal lobe and promoting a progressive and selective hippocampal involvement. During follow-up, her seizures recurred after stopping antiseizure medication and she developed hippocampal sclerosis, although she subsequently became seizure-free with antiseizure medications. Patients who are unresponsive in a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state may be having subclinical epileptiform discharges and risk developing permanent brain damage and long-term epilepsy.
Dark matter to baryon ratio from scalar triplets decay in type-II seesaw
Authors: Narendra Nimmala , Sahu Narendra , Shil Sujay
Published: December 2021

We propose a minimal model for the cosmic coincidence problem $$\Omega _\mathrm{DM}/\Omega _B \sim 5$$

Ω
DM

/

Ω
B

∼
5

and neutrino mass in a type-II seesaw scenario. We extend the standard model of particle physics with a $$\mathrm SU(2)$$

S
U
(
2
)

singlet leptonic Dirac fermion $$\chi $$
χ
, which represents the candidate of dark matter (DM), and two triplet scalars $$\Delta _{1,2}$$

Δ

1
,
2

with hierarchical masses. In the early Universe, the CP violating out-of-equilibrium decay of lightest $$\Delta $$
Δ
generates a net $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry in the visible sector (comprising of SM fields), where B and L represents the total baryon and lepton number respectively. A part of this asymmetry gets transferred to the dark sector (comprising of DM $$\chi $$
χ
) through a dimension eight operator which conserves $$B-L$$

B
-
L

. Above the electroweak phase transition, the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry of the visible sector gets converted to a net B-asymmetry by the $$B+L$$

B
+
L

violating sphalerons, while the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

asymmetry of the dark sector remains untouched which we see today as relics of DM. We show that the observed DM abundance can be explained for a DM mass about 8 GeV. We then introduce an additional singlet scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
which mixes with the SM-Higgs to annihilate the symmetric component of the DM resonantly which requires the singlet scalar mass to be twice the DM mass, i.e. around 16 GeV, which can be searched at collider experiments. In our model, the active neutrinos also get small masses by the induced vacuum expectation value (vev) of the triplet scalars $$\Delta _{1,2}$$

Δ

1
,
2

. In the later part of the paper we discuss all the constraints on model parameters coming from invisible Higgs decay, Higgs signal strength, DM direct detection and relic density of DM.
IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING ASIA
Authors: CHINNAKUM WARATTAYA
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the impacts of financial inclusion on poverty and income inequality in 27 developing countries in Asia during 2004–2019 based on a composite financial inclusion index (FII) constructed using principal component analysis (PCA). The generalized method of moments (GMM) was employed for the estimation. The results show that financial inclusion can influence the reduction in both poverty and income inequality. The empirical findings also reveal the contribution of such control variables as economic growth in decreasing income disparity and trade openness in helping improve the standard of living of poor households despite its tendency to co-vary with income inequality. The present empirical evidence supporting the role of financial inclusion in reducing poverty and income inequality in developing countries has led to a policy implication that financial sector development should focus on the availability, usage, and depth of credit to cover all poor households or low-income groups to help improve their access to financial services, enable them to increase their income, and reduce the income gap between poor and rich households.
Lump-periodic, some interaction phenomena and breather wave solutions to the (2+1)-rth dispersionless Dym equation
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ur-Rehman Shafqat , Ahmad Jamshad
Published: December 2021

In this study, we successfully apply Hirota’s bilinear method (HBM) to retrieve the different wave structures of the general [Formula: see text]th dispersionless Dym equation by considering the test function approaches. The studied model is used to describe the dynamics of deep water waves. We formally retrieve some novel lump periodic, some other new interaction, and breather wave solutions. Moreover, the physical behavior of the reported results is sketched through several three-dimensional, two-dimensional and contour profiles with the assistance of suitable parameters. The acquired results are valuable in grasping the elementary scenarios of nonlinear fluid dynamics as well as the dynamics of engineering sciences in the related nonlinear higher-dimensional wave fields. The gained results are checked and found correct by putting them into the governing equation with the aid of Mathematica. Thus, our strategies through the fortress of representative calculations give a functioning and intense mathematical execution for tackling complicated nonlinear wave issues.
Kink solutions of two generalized fifth-order nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Zhang Li-Li , Yu Jian-Ping , Ma Wen-Xiu , Khalique Chaudry Masood , Sun Yong-Li
Published: December 2021

In this paper, two generalized fifth-order nonlinear evolution equations are introduced and investigated: One is (1+1)-dimensional, the other is (2+1)-dimensional. The Hereman–Nuseir method is used to derive the multiple kink solutions and singular kink solutions, and the conditions for the cases of complete integrability of these two equations. Meanwhile, it is found that these equations have completely different dispersion relations and physical structures. The corresponding graphs with specific parameters are given to show the effectiveness and validness of the obtained results.
Antinoise Learning and Coalitional Game GAN
Authors: Chen Hongyou , He Hongjie , Chen Fan , Zhu Yiming
Published: December 2021

Adversarial learning stability has an important influence on the generated image quality and convergence process in generative adversarial networks (GANs). Training dataset (real data) noise and the balance of game players have an impact on adversarial learning stability. In the gradient backpropagation of the discriminator, the noise samples increase the gradient variance. It can increase the uncertainty in the network convergence progress and affect stability. In the two-player zero-sum game, the game ability of the generator and discriminator is unbalanced. Generally, the game ability of the generator is weaker than that of the discriminator, which affects the stability. To improve the stability, an antinoise learning and coalitional game generative adversarial network (ANL-CG GAN) is proposed, which achieves this goal through the following two strategies. (i) In the real data loss function of the discriminator, an effective antinoise learning method is designed, which can improve the gradient variance and network convergence uncertainty. (ii) In the zero-sum game, a generator coalitional game module is designed to enhance its game ability, which can improve the balance between the generator and discriminator via a coalitional game strategy. To verify the performance of this model, the generated results of the designed GAN and other GAN models in CELEBA and CIFAR10 are compared and analyzed. Experimental results show that the novel GAN can improve adversarial learning stability, generate image quality, and reduce the number of training epochs.
A multilayer network model of the coevolution of the spread of a disease and competing opinions
Authors: Peng Kaiyan , Lu Zheng , Lin Vanessa , Lindstrom Michael R. , Parkinson Christian , Wang Chuntian , Bertozzi Andrea L. , Porter Mason A.
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, conflicting opinions on physical distancing swept across social media, affecting both human behavior and the spread of COVID-19. Inspired by such phenomena, we construct a two-layer multiplex network for the coupled spread of a disease and conflicting opinions. We model each process as a contagion. On one layer, we consider the concurrent evolution of two opinions — pro-physical-distancing and anti-physical-distancing — that compete with each other and have mutual immunity to each other. The disease evolves on the other layer, and individuals are less likely (respectively, more likely) to become infected when they adopt the pro-physical-distancing (respectively, anti-physical-distancing) opinion. We develop approximations of mean-field type by generalizing monolayer pair approximations to multilayer networks; these approximations agree well with Monte Carlo simulations for a broad range of parameters and several network structures. Through numerical simulations, we illustrate the influence of opinion dynamics on the spread of the disease from complex interactions both between the two conflicting opinions and between the opinions and the disease. We find that lengthening the duration that individuals hold an opinion may help suppress disease transmission, and we demonstrate that increasing the cross-layer correlations or intra-layer correlations of node degrees may lead to fewer individuals becoming infected with the disease.
Menger systems of idempotent cyclic and weak near-unanimity multiplace functions
Authors: Kumduang Thodsaporn , Leeratanavalee Sorasak
Published: December 2021

Multiplace functions, which are also called functions of many variables, and their algebras called Menger algebras have been studied in various fields of mathematics. Based on the theory of many-sorted algebras, the primary aim of this paper is to present the ideas of Menger systems and Menger systems of full multiplace functions which are natural generalizations of Menger algebras and Menger algebras of [Formula: see text]-ary operations, respectively. Two specific types of [Formula: see text]-ary operations, which are called idempotent cyclic and weak near-unanimity generated by cyclic and weak near-unanimity terms, are provided. The Menger algebras under consideration have a two-element universe, the elements of which are two specific [Formula: see text]-ary operations. Additionally, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions in which the abstract Menger algebra and the Menger algebras of these two [Formula: see text]-ary operations are isomorphic. An abstract characterization of unitary Menger systems via systems of idempotent cyclic and weak near-unanimity multiplace functions is generally investigated. A strong connection between clone of terms and Menger systems of full multiplace functions is also investigated.
Ricci–Yamabe solitons on a class of generalized Sasakian space forms
Authors: Sardar Arpan , Sarkar Avijit
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we characterize Ricci–Yamabe solitons and gradient Ricci–Yamabe solitons on 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian space forms with quasi Sasakian metric. Furthermore, we study [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Yamabe solitons and gradient [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Yamabe solitons on 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian space forms with quasi Sasakian metric. Finally, we construct an example to verify a result of our paper.
Relevancy of Force Concept Inventory and Mechanics Baseline Test in Excerpting Conceptual Understanding of High-Performing Students
Authors: Ricardo Bernard
Published: December 2021

In the topics of mechanics, readily available instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and the Mechanics Baseline Test (MBT) have been extensively used to assess students’ conceptual understanding, especially for high school and undergraduate students. In this paper, the relevancy of these two instruments in excerpting conceptual understanding of high-performing students was examined and the results were elaborated. The findings in this paper suggest that the FCI and MBT are indeed effective to show students’ basic conceptual understanding in mechanics but should not be used to assess improvement after learning intervention or to differentiate students’ conceptual understanding in a population of high performers. More advanced assessments, such as those that comprise higher order thinking questions, should be used for such purposes.
Taming the Load Current of Identical Cells in Matrix
Authors: Hong Seok-In
Published: December 2021

We explore the load current [Formula: see text] for a rectangular array (matrix) of [Formula: see text] identical cells where [Formula: see text] strings (columns) of [Formula: see text] serial cells (rows) are arrayed in parallel. [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text] with the internal resistance of the cell and the load resistance exchanged. By treating a linear fractional function as a translated inversely-proportional function, we can easily capture the properties of [Formula: see text] and the relative magnitude of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] via their ratio. The limiting behaviors of the load current are discussed beyond the ideal-cell and short-circuit limits. For the given total number of cells, we graphically verify the recent findings on the matrix of cells that produces the maximum load current. Finally, we analyze the possibility of a car starting with lemon cells or AA dry cells in matrix. This work would be useful in creating a high school or university curriculum that unifies identical cells in series, parallel, or matrix.
Ebatronics: A New Paradigm for Experimental Laboratory in Applied Science and Technology
Authors: Bucolo Maide , Buscarino Arturo , Fortuna Luigi , Gagliano Salvina
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the main concepts and the preliminary results related to a new approach for creating innovative green laboratory experiences in applied science and technology will be discussed. The term ebatronics is here introduced for the first time in the literature to indicate a kind of experimental laboratory based on the conjunction of wooden recycled materials and microcontroller based devices. In particular, tensegrity based systems are presented. A gallery of prototypes developed by the authors is shown. An intense set of photos will illustrate the real effectiveness of the proposed laboratory project.
Light Diacritic Restoration to Disambiguate Homographs in Modern Arabic Texts
Authors: Azmi Aqil M. , Alnefaie Rehab M. , Aboalsamh Hatim A.
Published: December 2021

Diacritic restoration (also known as diacritization or vowelization) is the process of inserting the correct diacritical markings into a text. Modern Arabic is typically written without diacritics, e.g., newspapers. This lack of diacritical markings often causes ambiguity, and though natives are adept at resolving, there are times they may fail. Diacritic restoration is a classical problem in computer science. Still, as most of the works tackle the full (heavy) diacritization of text, we, however, are interested in diacritizing the text using a fewer number of diacritics. Studies have shown that a fully diacritized text is visually displeasing and slows down the reading. This article proposes a system to diacritize homographs using the least number of diacritics, thus the name “light.” There is a large class of words that fall under the homograph category, and we will be dealing with the class of words that share the spelling but not the meaning. With fewer diacritics, we do not expect any effect on reading speed, while eye strain is reduced. The system contains morphological analyzer and context similarities. The morphological analyzer is used to generate all word candidates for diacritics. Then, through a statistical approach and context similarities, we resolve the homographs. Experimentally, the system shows very promising results, and our best accuracy is 85.6%.
Graphene and Chitosan Composite Film Modified Electrode as a Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Tyrosine Detection in Food and Biological Samples
Authors: Luo Yuezhong , Liu Jiufeng , Zhang Xiang , Li Zhongying
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a voltammetric sensor made from a graphene and chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (GR-CTS/GCE) was fabricated for accurate analysis of tyrosine (Tyr) in both food and in biological samples. The surface morphology of the electrode and the properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared with a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the synergistic effect of GR and CTS is obvious. The peak current increases by 35.6 times. The experimental conditions were optimized by second derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV) and Tyr was quantitatively analyzed on the electrode. The study shows that the oxidation peak current of Tyr obtained in 0.1 M pH 2.7 phosphate buffer is proportional to its concentration between 0.006–0.8 μM and 0.8–10.0 μM, with the low detection limit being 4.0 nM (signal/noise = 3). The excellent anti-interference ability was demonstrated by investigating the voltammetric response of Tyr in mixtures containing other biomolecules. In addition, the sensor exhibited good stability and repeatability. Through the detection of Tyr in milk and serum samples, the effectiveness of the sensor is studied, and the results are satisfactory.
Aqueous Processed Ni-Rich Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Cathodes Along with Water-Based Binders and a Carbon Fabric as 3-D Conductive Host
Authors: Pedaballi Sireesha , Li Chia-Chen
Published: December 2021

A carbon fabric with three-dimensional carbon fiber network is proposed as a conductive framework instead of Al current collector, in order to fabricate a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode using an environmentally friendly water-based process. Water-based NCM811 slurries prepared without binder, with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binder, and with poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) binder have the equilibrium pH values of 12.4, 6.7, and 12.6, respectively. Without a binder, the cathode materials are poorly dispersed in the slurry, which hinders smooth casting on the carbon fabric. The addition of either PAA or PAN improves the uniform dispersion of particles and the loading capability of slurries, leading to a lower impedance of the cast cathodes. Compared to PAA, PAN performs better with the carbon fabric as a conductive framework, due to the better dispersion of electrode materials, lower impedance in the fabricated electrode, and good chemical stability of PAN to the electrolyte. The cell constructed with PAN-added cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 150–160 mAh g−1 at a charge/discharge rate of 0.5 C, and nearly 100% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Nevertheless, PAA is soluble in the electrolyte and has some negative effects on the capacity performance of the constructed cell.
Porous Activity of Biomass-Activated Carbon Enhanced by Nitrogen-Dopant Towards High-Performance Lithium Ion Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor
Authors: Yu Juan , Wang Xuyang , Peng Jiaxin , Jia Xuefeng , Li Linbo , Chuan Xiuyun
Published: December 2021

Biomass-activated carbon materials are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LiCs) because of their natural hierarchical pore structure. The efficient utilization of structural pores in activated carbon is very important for their electrochemical performance. Herein, porous biomass-activated carbon (PAC) with large specific surface area was prepared using a one-step activation method with biomass waste as the carbon source and ZnCl2 as the activator. To further improve its pore structure utilization efficiency, the PAC was doped with nitrogen using urea as the nitrogen source. The experimental results confirmed that PAC-1 with a high nitrogen doping level of 4.66% exhibited the most efficient pore utilization among all the samples investigated in this study. PAC-1 exhibited 92% capacity retention after 8000 cycles, showing good cycling stability. Then, to maximize the utilization of high-efficiency energy storage devices, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with high specific capacity, was compounded with PAC-1 in different ratios to obtain NCA@PC composites. The NCA@PC-9 composite exhibited excellent capacitance in LiCs and an energy density of 105.45 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 13.3 kW kg−1. These results provide guidelines for the design of high-performance and low-cost energy storage devices.
Synergistic Combination of TiO2 and S-PAN for Li-S Batteries with Long-Term Cyclability at High C-Rates
Authors: Páez Jerez Ana L. , Davies Lilian E. , Tesio Alvaro Y. , Flexer Victoria
Published: December 2021

A ternary compound was synthesized from titanium dioxide, elemental sulfur and polyacrylonitrile throughout a simple ball-milling and heating process in inert atmosphere, and was fully characterized. The novel compound belongs to the family of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile compounds (SPAN) and was incorporated as active material in the cathode of Li-S batteries. The cells achieve high and stable capacity values at 0.5 C reaching 1885 mAh gS
−1 for the 10th cycle and ∼1600 mAh gS
−1 after 200 cycles (498 and 422 mAh g−1 composite, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first ones to report the combination of SPAN and TiO2, and to show the synergistic behaviour of these compounds. The high capacity values observed, higher than the theoretical capacity of elemental sulfur (1675 mAh g−1), are explained by the extra capacity provided by the lithiation/delithiation process of TiO2. The metallic oxide also improves the overall kinetics of the redox processes in SPAN, which helped to achieve good cycling performance at 3.3 C, with a remaining capacity of 672 mAh gS
−1 after 1400 cycles, and even at 5 C where a remaining capacity of 660 mAh gS
−1 after 500 cycles was recorded.
In-Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Ir(100) Electrodes with Adsorbed Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Zou Shouzhong
Published: December 2021

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for a 1998 Department of Energy Summer Research Fellowship.
RORα contributes to the maintenance of genome ploidy in the liver of mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kim Ju-Yeon , Yang In Sook , Kim Hyeon-Ji , Yoon Jae-Yeun , Han Yong-Hyun , Seong Je Kyung , Lee Mi-Ock
Published: December 2021

It has been reported that hepatic polyploidization is closely linked to the progression of NAFLD. Here, we showed that the genetic depletion of hepatic RORα in mice accelerated hepatocyte polyploidization after high-fat diet feeding. The mechanism could be the RORα-mediated repression of E2f7 and E2f8, key transcription factors for DNA endoreplication. Thus, preservation of genome integrity by RORα could provide a new insight for developing therapeutics against the disease.
Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade with spironolactone has no direct effect on plasma IL-17A and injury markers in urine from kidney transplant patients
Authors: Thangaraj Sai Sindhu , Thiesson Helle Charlotte , Svenningsen Per , Stubbe Jane , Palarasah Yaseelan , Bistrup Claus , Jensen Boye L. , Mortensen Line Aas
Published: December 2021

The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone had no direct anti-inflammatory effects on prohypertensive interleukin-17A or distal nephron epithelial injury markers in kidney transplant recipients.
Adaptive changes in single-nephron GFR, tubular morphology, and transport in a pregnant rat nephron: modeling and analysis
Authors: Stadt Melissa M. , Layton Anita T.
Published: December 2021

Normal pregnancy in mammals is generally characterized by massive changes in plasma volume and electrolyte retention. This study provides insights into how the volume and electrolyte requirement in different pregnancy stages are met by coordinated adaptive changes in the kidney. The model results also suggested that certain known sex differences in the renal transporter pattern may serve to better prepare females for the increased transport demand in pregnancy.
IL-1 receptor signaling in podocytes limits susceptibility to glomerular damage
Authors: Ren Jiafa , Lu Xiaohan , Hall Gentzon , Privratsky Jamie R. , Robson Matthew J. , Blakely Randy D. , Crowley Steven D.
Published: December 2021

The present study establishes that activation of the receptor for interleukin-1 limits susceptibility to damage to the kidney glomerulus in preclinical mouse models by stimulating Akt signaling cascades inside the podocyte.
The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens
Authors: Tummers Bart , Green Douglas R.
Published: December 2021

The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
Identification Method of SUAV in Diving Phase Based on Flight Tests
Authors: Jiang Tieying , Yin Junjie , Yang Chengwei , Jiang Liang
Published: December 2021

A mathematical model of the dive phase is an important research content for improving the accuracy of terminal control in the small unmanned aerial vehicle. The acquisition of the diving model poses new challenges, such as the small installation space, ultra-low flying height of small suicide drones, short flight time, strong coupling, less observable measurement, and elastic deformation of the wings during the drone dive phase. Based on the autoregressive moving average method, a multi-input multioutput noise term topology mathematical model is proposed in this paper. Through an improved least squares identification method, the diving model in the flight test is analyzed and verified. The identification results of the diving model obtained by the proposed method are compared with the least squares method dive model. The results indicate that the mathematical model and identification method proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the parameters of the drone dive model.
A Rare Case of Granulicatella adiacens Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Authors: van der Palen E. , de Roij van Zuijdewijn C. L. M. , Castelijn D. A. R. , Wattel-Louis G. H. , Kalpoe J.
Published: December 2021

Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Granulicatella adiacens is rarely described. We report a 45-year-old immunocompetent male with back pain caused by G. adiacens osteomyelitis. This case is remarkable due to the absence of endocarditis. A clinician should therefore consider G. adiacens osteomyelitis even in the absence of concurrent hematogenous spread.
Analysis of Nursing Effect of Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Based on the PDCA Nursing Model
Authors: Qin Shuai , Li Dan , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2021

By applying the PDCA model to the care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the nursing process can be divided into four stages: planning, execution, inspection, and treatment. According to the age characteristics and disease progression of pediatric patients, a complete nursing plan is formulated to efficiently implement the nursing content and improve the nursing effect. This paper studies the application of the PDCA nursing model in the nursing of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and statistically analyzes the disappearance of skin rash, joint pain relief, disappearance of urine protein, disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms, etc. Finally, this paper combines the experiment to evaluate the intervention effect of this nursing model and provides reference for the follow-up care of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. From the results of experimental research, it can be known that PDCA nursing can improve the comfort of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, shorten the time for symptom disappearance, and speed up the recovery process.
H2A.X Phosphorylation in Oxidative Stress and Risk Assessment in Plasma Medicine
Authors: Schütz Clarissa S. , Stope Matthias B. , Bekeschus Sander
Published: December 2021

At serine139‐phosphorylated gamma histone H2A.X (γH2A.X) has been established over the decades as sensitive evidence of radiation‐induced DNA damage, especially DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in radiation biology. Therefore, γH2A.X has been considered a suitable marker for biomedical applications and a general indicator of direct DNA damage with other therapeutic agents, such as cold physical plasma. Medical plasma technology generates a partially ionized gas releasing a plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) simultaneously that have been used for therapeutic purposes such as wound healing and cancer treatment. The quantification of γH2A.X as a surrogate parameter of direct DNA damage has often been used to assess genotoxicity in plasma‐treated cells, whereas no sustainable mutagenic potential of the medical plasma treatment could be identified despite H2A.X phosphorylation. However, phosphorylated H2A.X occurs during apoptosis, which is associated with exposure to cold plasma and ROS. This review summarizes the current understanding of γH2A.X induction and function in oxidative stress in general and plasma medicine in particular. Due to the progress towards understanding the mechanisms of H2A.X phosphorylation in the absence of DSB and ROS, observations of γH2A.X in medical fields should be carefully interpreted.
Zishen Qingre Tongluo Formula Improves Renal Fatty Acid Oxidation and Alleviated Fibrosis via the Regulation of the TGF‐β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in Hyperuricemic Nephrology Rats
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Chen , Wang Yun , Zhang Honghong , Liu Baoli , Qiu Xinping
Published: December 2021

Hyperuricemia, an independent risk factor for ensuing chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributed to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and insufficiency of renal fatty acid oxidation. Many studies have shown that renal fatty acid oxidation dysfunction is related to the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. We experimented the effects of Zishen Qingre Tongluo Formula (ZQTF) on the adenine/yeast‐induced HN rats and uric acid‐induced renal mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs), determined whether this effect was related to the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, and further investigated the relationship between this effect and renal fatty acid oxidation. Rats were given intraperitoneally with adenine (100 mg/kg) and feed chow with 10% yeast for 18 days and then received ZQTF (12.04 g/kg/day) via intragastric gavage for eight weeks. The TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and renal fatty acid oxidation protein were detected by using western blotting, real‐time PCR, and immunohistochemistry staining. mTECs induced by UA were used to investigate the relationship between the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and renal fatty acid oxidation. After treatment with ZQTF, levels of UA, 24 h UTP, BUN, and Scr were significantly decreased and histologic injuries were visibly ameliorated in HN rats. Western blotting, real‐time PCR, and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that PGC‐1α, PPARγ, and PPARα significantly increased, and fibronectin, collagen 1, and P‐Smad3 significantly decreased in HN rats and UA‐induced mTECs after ZQTF treatment. SIS3 (a specific inhibitor of Smad3) treatment significantly increased the expressions of PGC‐1α, PPARγ, and PPARα and decreased the expressions of fibronectin, collagen 1, and P‐Smad3 in UA‐induced mTECs. Our study demonstrated that ZQTF exhibited renoprotective effects by promoting renal fatty acid oxidation via the regulation of the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, the present results indicated that ZQTF was a novel antifibrotic strategy for hyperuricemic nephropathy.
α‐Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Timalsina Deepak , Bhusal Deepti , Devkota Hari Prasad , Pokhrel Krishna Prasad , Sharma Khaga Raj
Published: December 2021

α‐Amylase is an enzyme involved in the breaking down of large insoluble starch molecules into smaller soluble glucose molecules. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. (syn. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam., Family: Rubiaceace) has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems, skin diseases, and diabetes. In this context, we studied the in vitro α‐amylase inhibiting properties of methanol extracts of leaves and bark of C. spinosa. The methanol extract of bark was further fractionated into hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, and water‐soluble fractions, and their α‐amylase inhibitory activity was evaluated. In silico molecular docking and ADMET analysis of several compounds previously reported from the bark of C. spinosa were also performed. The in vitro α‐amylase inhibition activity assay of the dichloromethane fraction of extract of bark (IC50: 77.17 ± 1.75 μg/mL) was more potent as compared to hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The in silico molecular docking study showed that previously reported compounds from the stem bark such as balanophonin, catunaregin, β‐sitosterol, and medioresinol were bounded well with the active catalytic residue of porcine pancreatic α‐amylase indicating better inhibition. The ADMET analysis showed the possible drug‐likeness and structure‐activity relationship of selected compounds. These compounds should be studied further for their potential α‐amylase inhibition in animal models.
Preparation of Au‐Ag Bimetals and Large‐Size Porous Gold Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Chen Xuewen
Published: December 2021

Gold, silver, and other precious metals are very important nonferrous metals and have been widely applied in fields such as electronics, medicine, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and transportation. Adjustable properties of precious metals are mainly attributed to controlled synthesis of precious metals by structure, size, composition, and morphology. Synthesis of binary metals focuses on coordination of physical and chemical properties of metal elements in components, with the aim to give full play to the advantages of the two metals. Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) have similar lattice constants, which provide important theoretical basis for obtaining the binary bimetallic nanostructure of the two metals by coreduction at room temperature. Ag–Au alloy was prepared at different molar ratios of Ag+/AuIII, and the bimetallic nanomaterials obtained had similar Ag/Au ratios to the molar ratio at reaction. This suggested that the bimetallic nanomaterials reacted completely, with the maximum average size in Ag90.1–Au9.9 and the minimum average size in Ag83.2–Au16.8 and Ag66.9–Au33.1. Due to the deficiency of conventional etching agents, the “regrowth etching” method was proposed in this study. Specifically, with AuI as the etching agent, the porous gold nanomaterials with the size of more than 300 nm were successfully prepared, achieving the regrowth etching effect and a good structural stability. According to the analysis based on the catalytic reduction reaction with p‐nitrophenol, the properties of the large‐size porous gold nanomaterials were related to the quantity and size of pores.
[Retracted] Design and Research of a Foul Detector for Long Jump Stepping on a Jump Line Based on the Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jiang Liao , Yan Hong
Published: December 2021

In view of the problems of the judgment of the referee in international long jump competition, such as the omission and wrong judgment, a real‐time, accurate, and effective detection instrument is designed. The sensor carried on the athlete is used as the detection element of the foul, which ensures the accuracy and timely information acquisition and effectively prevents the wrong judgment and the missed judgment. The system data is transmitted by the wireless sensor network, which is highly safe and reliable. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional artificial judgment results, the long jump crossover line foul detector based on the wireless sensor network can realize the accurate detection of the number of fouls. The judgment error is lower than the requirements of track and field rules for detection tools, which has great practical value and economic significance.
Textile UWB Antenna with Metamaterial for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Parameswari S. , Chitra C.
Published: December 2021

A new metamaterial-based UWB band-notched textile antenna for body area network (BAN) with an operational frequency range of 3 GHz to 11 GHz is created in this paper. The ultra-ide band (UWB) frequency band is covered by the antenna (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz). The antennas are smaller because of the usage of denim (jeans) material, which has a permittivity of 1.67. To increase the impedance transmission capacity, the ground plane is reduced to a partly rectangular conductive substance. The hexagonal cut on the bottom side is utilised to boost bandwidth by enhancing the electric field dispersion at the edges. The fabrication is built of a 1 mm thick denim (jeans) substrate, and the feed is a traditional microstrip feed. The return loss and gain characteristics of the proposed antenna are investigated. The performance of a specified antenna is investigated step by step with variable feed length, feed breadth, and substrate properties.
Research on Social Talent Governance Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Yan
Published: December 2021

The existing social talent governance algorithms have a number of issues such as slow convergence rate, relatively low data accuracy, recall rate, and low anti-interference. To address these problems, this paper proposes a research on social talent governance algorithm based on genetic algorithm. We discuss the difference between the traditional and the genetic algorithms and determine the implementation process of genetic algorithm. On this basis, the excellent individuals are determined by independent computing fitness, and the initialization population is designed according to the individual similarity threshold. After the population is defined, the roulette and deterministic sampling selection method are integrated to clarify the selection calculation process. Based on the calculation results, we design the crossover operator by segmented single-point crossover between individuals. The mutation operator is designed by segmented mutation of different gene segments according to the calculation results. The results are incorporated into the simulated annealing acceptance probability to conduct simulated annealing for the individuals after the cross-mutation operation and set relevant conditions after the end of the algorithm. We seek the optimal solution of the data within the number of iterations and finally realize the whole process of social talent governance algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has fast convergence rate, high data precision and recall, and has certain feasibility.
Navigating Concepts in the Human Mind Unravels the Latent Geometry of Its Semantic Space
Authors: Benigni Barbara , Dallabona Monica , Bravi Elena , Merler Stefano , De Domenico Manlio
Published: December 2021

Mechanisms for retrieving basic knowledge in the human mind are still unknown. Exploration is usually represented by cognitive units, i.e., concepts, linked together by associative relationships forming semantic networks. However, understanding how humans navigate such networks remains elusive, because the underlying topology of concepts cannot be observed directly, and only functional representations are accessible. Here, we overcome those limitations and show that the hypothesis of an underlying, latent geometry characterizing the human mind is plausible. We characterize this geometry by means of adequate descriptors for exploring and navigating dynamics, demonstrating that they can capture the differences between healthy subjects and patients at different stages of dementia. Our results provide the first fundamental step to develop a new unifying conceptual and computational framework that can be used to support the assessment of neurodegenerative diseases from language and semantic memory retrieval tasks, as well as helping develop targeted nonpharmacological therapies to maintain residual cognitive capacity.
Validation of the 5‐D Itch Scale in Three Ethnic Groups and Exploring Optimal Cutoff Values Using the Itch Numerical Rating Scale
Authors: Cheung H. N. , Chan Y. S. , Hsiung N. H.
Published: December 2021

Background. Chronic pruritus is a common and distressing condition that has serious emotional and psychosocial consequences. Due to its subjective nature, self‐report questionnaires are widely implemented as cost‐effective measures to gauge the severity of chronic pruritus. The current study is aimed at validating the 5‐D itch scale in three ethnic groups—Black, Asian, and Hispanic—with the well‐validated Itch Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Worst Itch NRS (WI‐NRS) and developing its cutoff value using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and inspection of the area under the curve (AUC) across ethnic groups. At the same time, it is aimed at comparing the concurrent prevalence of itch and depression in these populations, who often form ethnic minorities in many countries. The current study addresses the knowledge gap of cultural adaptation of the 5‐D pruritus scale for greater usage. Methods. Community samples of three ethnic groups were recruited from an online platform of Qualtrics and administered the self‐report questionnaires of Itch‐NRS, 5‐D itch scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) to measure their pruritus domains, itch intensity, depression screening, and its severity. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Subgroup analysis was conducted, including concurrent validity and cutoff values compared between each ethnic group. Concurrent prevalence of itch and depression was evaluated using the cutoff value of Itch‐NRS and PHQ‐9. Result. A total of 2323 participants were included in the study. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the Itch‐NRS, WI‐NRS, and 5‐D itch scale. The cutoff value of the 5‐D itch scale was established for the three ethnic groups using ROC, with a cutoff value of Itch‐NRS as a reference. Conclusions. The 5‐D itch scale has demonstrated sound psychometric properties in three ethnic groups and is closely related to Itch‐NRS. The analysis of the cutoff value of the 5‐D itch scale suggests that different cutoff values should be considered to reduce the inflation of pruritus severity.
Bioinformatics-Based Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Interaction Network of Mild Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Ke , Lu Yanzhen , Zhao Zhifeng , Zhang Chihao
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds. Serum long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) interaction network was discovered to exert an important role in liver cirrhosis while little is known in mild hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Therefore, we aim to systematically evaluate the serum lncRNA-mRNA network and its regulatory mechanism in MHE. Methods. The data of serum mRNAs and lncRNAs were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated between 11 cirrhotic patients with and without MHE. Next, the biological functions and underlined pathways of DEGs were determined through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, an interactive network between lncRNAs and mRNAs was built, and hub genes were identified, respectively. Results. A total of 64 differentially expressed lncRNAs (dif-lncRNAs) were found between patients with and without MHE, including 30 up- and 34 downregulated genes. 187 differentially expressed mRNAs (dif-mRNAs) were identified, including 84 up- and 103 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the regulatory pathways involved in MHE mainly consisted of a series of immune and inflammatory responses. Several hub mRNAs involved in regulatory network were identified, including CCL5, CCR5, CXCR3, CD274, STAT1, CXCR6, and EOMES. In addition, lnc-FAM84B-8 and lnc-SAMD3-1 were found to regulate these above hub genes through building a lncRNA-mRNA network. Conclusion. This is the first study to construct the serum lncRNA-mRNA network in MHE, demonstrating the critical role of lncRNAs in regulating inflammatory and immunological profiles in the developing of MHE, suggesting a latent mechanism in this pathophysiological process.
Mammary Tumor–Derived Transplants as Breast Cancer Models to Evaluate Tumor–Immune Interactions and Therapeutic Responses
Authors: Moore Jade , Ma Lin , Lazar Ann A. , Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen
Published: December 2021

In breast cancer, the type and distribution of infiltrating immune cells are associated with clinical outcome. Moreover, cancers with abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are more likely to respond to immunotherapy, whereas those in which CD8+ T cells are completely absent (deserts) or excluded are less likely to respond. Detailed understanding of this biology is limited by a lack of preclinical breast cancer models that recapitulate TIL distributions and their associated biology. Here we established mammary tumor–derived transplants (mTDT) from 12 Trp53-null mammary tumors in syngeneic BALB/cJ mice and examined the stability of their growth rate, TIL distribution, and transcriptomic profiles. All mTDTs were estrogen receptor negative. Half of the parental tumors were classified as infiltrated, and the rest were divided between excluded and desert phenotypes. After two orthotopic passages, most (70%) mTDT from infiltrated parents recapitulated this pattern, whereas the desert or excluded parental patterns were maintained in about half of daughter mTDT. Approximately 30% of mTDT gave rise to lung or liver metastases, although metastasis was not associated with a TIL phenotype. Unsupervised transcriptomic analysis clustered mTDT according to their TIL spatial patterns. Infiltrated mTDT transplanted subcutaneously or orthotopically were resistant to anti–PD-L1. Profiling implicated prolonged antigen stimulation and loss of effector function of lymphocytes rather than T-cell exhaustion in the lack of response of infiltrated mTDT to checkpoint blockade. In summary, the molecular diversity and immune complexity of mTDT should facilitate the dissection of mechanisms of breast cancer response to immunotherapies.

Significance:

A set of diverse preclinical models of breast cancer is characterized to enable mechanistic dissection of tumor–immune interactions and to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies.