bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heteronomy as the challenge to nation: a critique of collective and of individual rights
Authors: Morss J. R.
Published: November 2024

Nation continues to be an embarrassment for the cosmopolitan commentator, whether legally inclined or not. As one manifestation of globalisation’s other the nation refuses to accept its proper place in the progress of world history, as a transient reaction to empire. Like social democracy in Marxism, the epoch of nations was expected to dissolve itself, under the impulse of history, to make way for a higher level of political consciousness: if only the pragmatic regionalism represented by the European Community. Instead the spectre lingers, haunting Europe in particular but elsewhere in general, and threatening to be ‘always with us’ even after the poor have been successfully assimilated or dispersed.
Failure as Liberation: A critical analysis of Rilo Chmielorz’ artistic feature “Scheitern ist. Eine Bestandsaufnahme” (Failure is. An inventory)
Authors: Mauruschat Ania
Published: November 2024

This essay is a critical analysis, interpretation and assessment of the feature “Scheitern ist. Eine Bestandsaufnahme”(2016), by the German artist Rilo Chmielorz,which explores failure as a taboo subject in neoliberal societies that worship the ideology of success and progress.
This study deconstructs this unique feature to its various parts and looks at the feature as a whole in terms of the concept of “polyphonic narration” that the Russian literature and art scholar and theorist Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975) derived from the poetics of the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881). It shows how the level of content (life stories of failure, experts for failure), the level of narration (recurring themes, etymology, radiophonic sign systems), the level of intimacy (technological and performative) and the theoretical dimension of polyphonic narration are organically interwoven with each other. The author suggests that Chmielorz has found the ideal form for artistically scrutinising the taboo subject of failure and thus revealing its existential dimension, its relativity and last but not least, its liberating potential.
The polyphonic character of this feature, with its predominant use of original sound recordings and its skilful artistic handling, justifies calling this feature a collage rather than a montage. The author locates Chmielorz’s radiophonic art work in the German tradition of the artistic feature established by predecessors such as Peter Leonhard Braun, Alfred Andersch, Ernst Schnabel, Arno Schirokauer and Friedrich Bischoff.
Book Review: Aasiya Lodhi and Amanda Wrigley, eds. Radio Modernisms: Features, Cultures and the BBC.
Authors: Whittington Ian
Published: November 2024

This review addresses Radio Modernisms: Features, Cultures and the BBC (edited by Aasiya Lodhi and Amanda Wrigley), an essay collection which captures the entanglements of the feature—a radiogenic art form, popular at the mid-century BBC, that blended dramatic, documentary and musical attributes—with the currents of literary modernism that swirled around and through the BBC from the late 1920s until roughly the mid-1960s. While attending to the frequently experimental aspects of modernist radio features, this collection successfully frames the broadness of “modernism” as a mid-century aesthetic project by emphasizing the demotic and vernacular forms it took, and by stressing the connections between radio and other media forms in the period. The volume should be of great interest to scholars of radio, literary modernism, and mid-century British culture more generally.
SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStore
Authors: Chen Cheng , Jin Chenzhe , Zhang Yunan , Podolsky Sasha , Wu Chun , Wang Szu-Po , Hanson Eric , Sun Zhou , Walzer Robert , Wang Jianguo
Published: November 2024

Vector databases have recently gained significant attention due to the emergence of large language models that produce vector embeddings for text. Existing vector databases can be broadly categorized into two types: specialized and generalized. Specialized vector databases are explicitly designed and optimized for managing vector data, while generalized ones support vector data management within a general purpose database. While specialized vector databases are interesting, there is a substantial customer base interested in generalized vector databases for various reasons, e.g., a reluctance to move data out of relational databases to reduce data silos and costs, the desire to use SQL, and the need for more sophisticated query processing of vector and non-vector data. However, generalized vector databases face two main challenges: performance and interoperability of vector search with SQL, such as combining vector search with filters, joins, or even fulltext search.

In this paper, we present SingleStore-V, a full-fledged generalized vector database integrated into SingleStore, a modern distributed relational database optimized for both OLAP and OLTP workloads. SingleStore-V achieves high performance and interoperability via a suite of optimizations. Experiments on standard vector benchmarks show that SingleStore-V performs comparably to Milvus, a highly-optimized specialized vector database, and significantly outperforms pgvector, a popular generalized vector database in PostgreSQL. We believe this paper will shed light on integrating vector search into relational databases in general, as many design concepts and optimizations apply to other databases.
SecuDB: An In-Enclave Privacy-Preserving and Tamper-Resistant Relational Database
Authors: Yang Xinying , Yue Cong , Zhang Wenhui , Liu Yang , Ooi Beng Chin , Chen Jianjun
Published: November 2024

With the escalation in the demand for privacy-preserving and tamper-resistant data management and processing on the public cloud, an increasing number of mainstream databases start to provide always-encrypted and blockchain-like features, including Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, and Alibaba PolarDB. The recent progress in Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technology has enabled the deployment of the complete database engine within TEE. This implementation ensures that data stored in memory, cache, and registers is encrypted, thereby maintaining the confidentiality of information. In this paper, we present SecuDB, a multi-granularity privacy-preserving and tamper-resistant relational database by placing the entire RDBMS in Intel TDX. We propose a novel visibility control mechanism incorporating column masking, log masking, and statistics masking to realize fine-grained privacy preservation and devise an isolated TEE-endorsed temporal table method to support efficient data and query verifiability, without affecting insertion and selection performance. We evaluate SecuDB using Sysbench, TPC-C and TikTok copyright workloads. The results show that compared with a system without an enclave, SecuDB hits 84.7% and 94.7% of the performance when providing coarse-grained and fine-grained privacy preservation, respectively. While the overhead for tamper-resistance is less than 22.6%.
X-Stor: A Cloud-Native NoSQL Database Service with Multi-Model Support
Authors: Lei Hongyu , Li Chunhua , Zhou Ke , Zhu Jianping , Yan Kezhou , Xiao Fen , Xie Ming , Wang Jiang , Di Shiyu
Published: November 2024

In recent years at Tencent, we have observed that the use of multiple NoSQL databases for storing business data with diverse models has led to increased programming and deployment costs, as well as inefficient maintenance and underutilized resources. In this paper, we report X-Stor, a cloud-native NoSQL database system that supports multiple data models by extending different storage engines and efficiently managing them through a unified control plane. This design significantly reduces expenses and enables rapid expansion of new models, while seamlessly supporting their complete functionality through storage engine extensions. By consolidating multi-tenant services and data models on the same physical machines, X-Stor significantly enhances the utilization of cluster resources. Additionally, X-Stor introduces a standardized metric called Request Unit (RU) to measure tenant resource consumption for consumption-based pricing purposes. Leveraging this metric, we design RU-based resource management strategies and achieve efficient multi-tenant resource isolation and system load balancing. Currently, X-Stor manages a storage capacity of over 12PB for online operational data, including more than 100,000 tables with multiple data models. It handles 700 billion requests per day with a peak of 30 million requests per second. We evaluate the performance of X-Stor on popular benchmarks and production workloads. The results show that X-Stor performs well under diverse data models.
Graph Association Analyses for Early Drug Discovery
Authors: Fan Wenfei , Li Daji , Liang Peiyu , Liu Shuhao , Wang Yaoshu , Wang Yiming , Xie Min , Zhang Runjie
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate MedHunter, a system for assisting the early stage of drug development. MedHunter builds a biomedical knowledge graph DDKG by integrating data from eleven biochemical libraries and data banks, and aligning entities from different data sources by means of heterogeneous entity resolution. It identifies drug-disease associations and protein-protein interactions in DDKG by employing graph association rules (GARs). GARs use graph patterns to extract relevant entities and embed ML models as predicates. MedHunter discovers GARs from DDKG and incrementally enriches DDKG with external data; it cleans DDKG with a special form of GARs. We demonstrate MedHunter for its (a) interfaces, (b) data enrichment/cleaning, and (c) applications in target identification, drug-drug interaction and protein-protein interaction.
Looking Deeply into the Magic Mirror: An Interactive Analysis of Database Index Selection Approaches
Authors: Halfpap Stefan , Kossmann Jan , Schlosser Rainer , Markl Volker
Published: November 2024

Indexes are important data structures for database tuning. However, finding the best indexes for a given workload is challenging. In this demonstration, we present our extensible open-source index selection evaluation platform and the corresponding interactive result analysis tool. The platform provides an automatic setup of the database, workload, and cost evaluation, which is otherwise often tedious work when evaluating index selection approaches. Users can also connect the platform to their own existing database and evaluate indexes for custom workloads. Our platform comprises multiple state-of-the-art index selection approaches, which can be used as baselines for new index selection proposals. Further, we present an application for thoroughly analyzing the selected database indexes. One can observe which indexes are used for which queries and their effect on processing costs. Also, it is possible to adapt the resulting index selections (i.e., add, remove, or change an index) and observe the impact. In this process, the application helps to understand the effects of indexes, improve index selections, and craft new index selection approaches.
DoppelGanger++ in Action: A Database Replay System with Fast Dependency Graph Generation
Authors: Lee Wonseok , Ha Jaehyun , Han Wook-Shin , Park Changgyoo , Park Myunggon , Han Juhyeng
Published: November 2024

A Database Replay System (DRS) captures workloads from a production system and subsequently replays them in a testing environment to verify correctness and performance. Prior to the replay process, DRS initially generates a dependency graph from the workload to ensure output determinism and to maximize replay concurrency in the testing system. However, the state-of-the-art inefficiently generates unnecessarily larger dependency graphs, creating a major bottleneck in the end-to-end pipeline. DoppelGanger++ is a new DRS supporting fast dependency graph generation. This demonstration illustrates how it captures and replays workloads, with a focus on efficiently generating compact dependency graphs. Specifically, we showcase the end-to-end database replay workflow using the complete database replay workload, accompanied by a web tool developed for our demo which can animate the dependency graph generation process and visualize important internal data structures.
LucidScript: Bottom-Up Standardization for Data Preparation
Authors: Lai Eugenie , Lou Yuze , Youngmann Brit , Cafarella Michael
Published: November 2024

Data preparation is an essential step in every data-related effort, from scientific projects in academia to data-driven decision-making in industry. Typically, data preparation is not an interesting piece of a project --- it transforms raw data into a format that enables further innovative work. Because such scripts are never intended to be interesting, are project-specific, and are written in general-purpose languages, they can be tedious to understand and difficult to verify. As a result, data preparation scripts can easily become a breeding ground for poor engineering and statistical practices. Ideally, data preparation scripts are "admirably boring" --- they should serve the project, but otherwise be as simple and as standard as possible. We propose a bottom-up script standardization framework that takes a user's data preparation script and transforms it into a simpler, more standardized version of itself. Our framework takes the user's script not as an unchangeable definition of correctness, but as a sketch of the user's intent. We embedded this framework in a system called LucidScript.
IsoVista: Black-Box Checking Database Isolation Guarantees
Authors: Gu Long , Liu Si , Xing Tiancheng , Wei Hengfeng , Chen Yuxing , Basin David
Published: November 2024

Transactional isolation is critical to the functional correctness of database management systems (DBMSs). Much effort has recently been devoted to finding isolation bugs and validating isolation fulfilment in production DBMSs. However, there are still challenges that existing isolation checkers have not yet fully addressed. For instance, they may overlook bugs, incur high checking overhead, and return hard-to-understand counterexamples.

We present IsoVista, the first black-box isolation checking system that encompasses all the following features. It builds on faithful characterizations of a range of isolation levels, ensuring the absence of both false positives and missed bugs in collected DBMS execution histories. IsoVista exhibits superior checking efficiency, compared to the state-of-the-art, and visualizes violation scenarios, facilitating the understanding of bugs found. It also supports profiling and benchmarking the performance of isolation checkers under various workloads, assisting developers of both DBMSs and checkers. We showcase all these features through user-friendly interfaces.
An Interactive Multi-Modal Query Answering System with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
Authors: Wang Mengzhao , Wu Haotian , Ke Xiangyu , Gao Yunjun , Xu Xiaoliang , Chen Lu
Published: November 2024

Retrieval-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have reshaped traditional query-answering systems, offering unparalleled user experiences. However, existing retrieval techniques often struggle to handle multi-modal query contexts. In this paper, we present an interactive
M
ulti-modal
Q
uery
A
nswering (MQA) system, empowered by our newly developed multi-modal retrieval framework and navigation graph index, integrated with cutting-edge LLMs. It comprises five core components: Data Preprocessing, Vector Representation, Index Construction, Query Execution, and Answer Generation, all orchestrated by a dedicated coordinator to ensure smooth data flow from input to answer generation. One notable aspect of MQA is its utilization of contrastive learning to assess the significance of different modalities, facilitating precise measurement of multimodal information similarity. Furthermore, the system achieves efficient retrieval through our advanced navigation graph index, refined using computational pruning techniques. Another highlight of our system is its pluggable processing framework, allowing seamless integration of embedding models, graph indexes, and LLMs. This flexibility provides users diverse options for gaining insights from their multi-modal knowledge base. A preliminary video introduction of MQA is available at https://youtu.be/xvUuo2ZIqWk.
UniView: A Unified Autonomous Materialized View Management System for Various Databases
Authors: Xu Zhenrong , Wang Pengfei , Xue Guoze , Yan Qitong , Gong Shenghao , Jiang Yelan , Mao Yuren , Gao Yunjun , Shen Shu , Zhang Wei , Luo Dan , Chen Lu
Published: November 2024

Materialized views (MVs) are critical for improving query performance of database systems, especially in online analytical processing (OLAP) databases. Typically, MVs are maintained by DBAs, which relies on prior knowledge and manual operations. Recently, autonomous solutions are designed for specific databases. However, a data warehouse for OLAP is typically hierarchical, which uses different database engines at different stages. Hence, existing methods have limitations in terms of autonomy and unification to support practical applications.

Motivated by these, we develop UniView, a unified autonomous materialized view management system that supports various popular databases, including Spark SQL, PostgreSQL, and ClickHouse. Moreover, we provide a cross-platform web user interface, where users can carry out the process of materialized views and evaluate the optimization performance. In the demonstration, we show that UniView is user-friendly and can achieve superior performance in the practical industry scenarios.
Demonstration of DB-GPT: Next Generation Data Interaction System Empowered by Large Language Models
Authors: Xue Siqiao , Qi Danrui , Jiang Caigao , Cheng Fangyin , Chen Keting , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Hongyang , Wei Ganglin , Zhao Wang , Zhou Fan , Yi Hong , Liu Shaodong , Yang Hongjun , Chen Faqiang
Published: November 2024

The recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) are positioned to transition many areas of software. In this paper, we present DB-GPT, a revolutionary and product-ready Python library that integrates LLMs into traditional data interaction tasks to enhance user experience and accessibility. DB-GPT is designed to understand data interaction tasks described by natural language and provide context-aware responses powered by LLMs, making it an indispensable tool for users ranging from novice to expert. Its system design supports deployment across local, distributed, and cloud environments. Beyond handling basic data interaction tasks like Text-to-SQL with LLMs, it can handle complex tasks like generative data analysis through a Multi-Agents framework and the Agentic Workflow Expression Language (AWEL). The Service-oriented Multi-model Management Framework (SMMF) ensures data privacy and security, enabling users to employ DB-GPT with private LLMs. Additionally, DB-GPT offers a series of product-ready features designed to enable users to integrate DB-GPT within their product environments easily. The code of DB-GPT is available at Github.
CORAL: Collaborative Automatic Labeling System Based on Large Language Models
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Wang Yibo , Yang Shouqing , Long Lin , Wu Runze , Tang Xiu , Zhao Junbo , Wang Haobo
Published: November 2024

In the era of big data, data annotation is integral to numerous applications. However, it is widely acknowledged as a laborious and time-consuming process, significantly impeding the scalability and efficiency of data-driven applications. To reduce the human cost, we demonstrate CORAL, a collaborative automatic labeling system driven by large language models (LLMs), which achieves high-quality annotation with the least human effort. Firstly, CORAL employs LLM to automatically annotate vast datasets, generating coarse-grained labels. Subsequently, a weakly-supervised learning module trains small language models (SLMs) using noisy label learning techniques to distill accurate labels from LLM's annotations. It also allows statistical analysis of model outcomes to identify potentially erroneous labels, reducing the human cost of error detection. Furthermore, CORAL supports iterative refinement by LLMs and SLMs using manually corrected labels, thereby ensuring continual enhancement in annotation quality and model performance. A visual interface enables annotation process monitoring and result analysis.
DataPrice: An Interactive System for Pricing Datasets in Data Marketplaces
Authors: Zhu Yiding , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Jiayao , Liu Jinfei , Ren Kui
Published: November 2024

With the flourishing of data-driven applications, data marketplaces, which can dramatically facilitate data utilization, have emerged recently. However, determining the appropriate price for datasets presents a significant challenge due to the intangible nature of data.
DataPrice
alleviates the challenge by providing an interactive system based on a pricing model trained on real datasets collected from commercial data marketplaces. The pricing model can estimate an appropriate price according to the dataset description as a reference for both data sellers and data buyers. By leveraging Shapley values to evaluate the contribution of each attribute in metadata on the estimated price,
DataPrice
offers an explanation of the pricing process in a text form to enhance user trust.
Chat2Data: An Interactive Data Analysis System with RAG, Vector Databases and LLMs
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Zhou Xuanhe , Li Guoliang
Published: November 2024

Traditional data analysis methods require users to write programming codes or issue SQL queries to analyze the data, which are inconvenient for ordinary users. Large language models (LLMs) can alleviate these limitations by enabling users to interact with the data with natural language (NL), e.g., result retrieval and summarization for unstructured data and transforming the NL text to SQL queries or codes for structured data. However, existing LLMs have three limitations: hallucination (due to lacking domain knowledge for vertical domains), high cost for LLM reasoning, and low accuracy for complicated tasks. To address these problems, we propose a prototype, Chat2Data, to interactively analyze the data with natural language. Chat2Data adopts a three-layer method, where the first layer uses Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to embed domain knowledge in order to address the hallucination problem, the second layer utilizes vector databases to reduce the number of interactions with LLMs so as to improve the performance, and the third layer designs a pipeline agent to decompose a complex task to multiple subtasks and use multiple round reasoning to generate the results in order to improve the accuracy of LLMs. We demonstrate Chat2Data with two real scenarios, unstructured data retrieval and summarization, and natural language-based structured data analysis. The online demo is available at
http://vdemo.dbmind.cn.
DB-MAGS: Multi-Anomaly Data Generation System for Transactional Databases
Authors: Shen Yiqi , Li Sijia , Shen Miaodong , Cai Peng , Xu Weiyuan , Li Kai , Cai Jinlong
Published: November 2024

Existing database performance anomaly datasets have the problems of comprehensiveness in anomaly types, coarse-grained root causes, and unrealistic simulation for reproducing concurrent anomalies. To address these issues, we propose a data generation system tailored for Multi-Anomaly Reproduction in Databases (DB-MAGS). DB-MAGS guarantees unified, authentic, and comprehensive data generation, while also providing fine-grained root causes. In the case of only a single anomaly occurred in the database, we categorize the factors affecting database performance anomalies, select five major categories of anomalies, and further subdivide each category into eighteen minor categories. This finer granularity of anomaly classification facilitates more specific and targeted anomaly remediation. For multiple anomalies simultaneously occurred in a database system, we categorize the relationships between anomalies into causal and concurrent, and enumerate different combinations of multiple anomalies, making the simulation of multiple anomaly scenarios more comprehensive and enhancing the diversity of generated data.
Databases Unbound: Querying All of the World's Bytes with AI
Authors: Madden Samuel , Cafarella Michael , Franklin Michael , Kraska Tim
Published: November 2024

Over the past five decades, the relational database model has proven to be a scaleable and adaptable model for querying a variety of structured data, with use cases in analytics, transactions, graphs, streaming and more. However, most of the world's data is unstructured. Thus, despite their success, the reality is that the vast majority of the world's data has remained beyond the reach of relational systems.

The rise of deep learning and generative AI offers an opportunity to change this. These models provide a stunning capability to extract semantic understanding from almost any type of document, including text, images, and video, which can extend the reach of databases to all the world's data. In this paper we explore how these new technologies will transform the way we build database management software, creating new that systems that can ingest, store, process, and query all data. Building such systems presents many opportunities and challenges. In this paper we focus on three: scalability, correctness, and reliability, and argue that the declarative programming paradigm that has served relational systems so well offers a path forward in the new world of AI data systems as well. To illustrate this, we describe several examples of such declarative AI systems we have built in document and video processing, and provide a set of research challenges and opportunities to guide research in this exciting area going forward.

And lovely apparitions, -dim at first
,

Then radiant, as the mind arising bright

From the embrace of beauty (whence the forms

Of which these are the phantoms) casts on them

The gathered rays which are reality-

Shall visit us the progeny immortal

Of Painting, Sculpture, and rapt Poesy
,

And arts, though unimagined, yet to be
;

Prometheus Unbound, Percy Bysshe Shelley
Evaluación de un protocolo de centrifugación alternativo que permita reducir el tiempo de respuesta total
Authors: Nicolás de Blas Reyes , Menacho Román Miriam , Olivares Romero Sara , Mesas Mariñán Claudia , Arroyo Vega Alba , Martín Gómez Graciela , Álvarez Pastor María , Castillo Menéndez Lucía , Azofra Villa María José , Pérez Sobrino María del Pilar , Arribas Gómez Ignacio
Published: November 2024

Objetivos

La centrifugación es un proceso clave que debemos controlar para asegurar una adecuada calidad de la muestra. Con el objetivo de conseguir una centrifugación de muestras unificada y estandarizada en el menor tiempo posible, nos propusimos evaluar un protocolo de centrifugación alternativo y su influencia en los resultados de 20 determinaciones bioquímicas en suero.

Métodos

Fueron incluidos en el estudio 45 pacientes ambulatorios. A cada paciente se le extrajeron 2 tubos de suero con gel separador (Becton Dickinson (BD) Vacutainer

®

SST™ II Advance, 8,5 mL Ref. 366468). Uno de ellos fue centrifugado a 2530 ×g durante 10 minutos, método control. El otro tubo de suero fue centrifugado en unas condiciones de centrifugación alternativas, a 2530 ×g durante 7 min.

Resultados

El análisis de los resultados muestra que el calcio, la bilirrubina total y el magnesio presentan un error sistemático constante y proporcional. Sin embargo, atendiendo a la diferencia de medias proporcional, todas las magnitudes cumplen el requisito del error sistemático deseable aceptado por nuestro laboratorio, a excepción del magnesio, que cumple el error sistemático mínimo.

Conclusiones

Nuestro estudio demuestra que ambas condiciones de centrifugación son intercambiables para la medición de las magnitudes estudiadas, asegurando una adecuada calidad de la muestra.
Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices
Authors: Shafrin Jason , Kim Jaehong , Cohen Joshua T. , Garrison Louis P. , Goldman Dana A. , Doshi Jalpa A. , Krieger Joshua , Lakdawalla Darius N. , Neumann Peter J. , Phelps Charles E. , Whittington Melanie D. , Willke Richard
Published: November 2024

This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories – such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness’s “impact inventory” and International Society of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research (ISPOR) “value flower” – aimed to more comprehensively capture the benefits and costs of new health technologies from a societal perspective. Nevertheless, application of broader value elements in practice has been limited in part because quantifying these elements can be complex, but also because there have been numerous methodological advances since these value inventories have been released (e.g. generalized and risk-adjusted cost effectiveness). To facilitate estimation of treatment value from a societal perspective, this paper provides an updated value inventory – called the GCEA value flower – and a user guide for implementing GCEA for health economics researchers and practitioners. GCEA considers 15 broader value elements across four categories: (i) uncertainty, (ii) dynamics, (iii) beneficiary, and (iv) additional value components. The uncertainty category incorporates patient risk preferences into value assessment. The dynamics category petals account for the evolution of real-world treatment value (e.g. option value) and includes drug pricing trends (e.g. future genericization). The beneficiary category accounts for the fact health technologies can benefit others (e.g. caregivers) and also that society may care to whom health benefits accrue (e.g. equity). Finally, GCEA incorporates additional broader sources of value (e.g. community spillovers, productivity losses). This GCEA user guide aims to facilitate both the estimation of each of these value elements and the incorporation of these values into health technology assessment when conducted from a societal perspective.
Bildungsengagement in Deutschland: Umfang und Formen des freiwilligen Engagements für Bildung
Authors: Rößler-Prokhorenko Charlotte , Priemer Jana , Hutter Swen
Published: November 2024

In Deutschland engagieren sich rund 29 Millionen Menschen freiwillig. Obwohl freiwilliges Engagement generell politisch anerkannt ist, findet der Beitrag der Engagierten zu Bildung und lebenslangem Lernen bisher kaum Beachtung. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür sind fehlende systematische Daten. Um dieses Bildungsengagement sichtbar zu machen, haben wir ein Befragungsinstrument entwickelt und in einer Umfrage mit 3000 Personen getestet. Der Beitrag präsentiert zentrale Ergebnisse zur starken Verbreitung und Besonderheiten dieser Engagementform.
Zivilgesellschaftliche Bildungsakteure als Kooperationspartner vor Ort
Authors: Sohrabi Sara , Süß Sabine
Published: November 2024

Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement findet dort statt, wo Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene leben. Deshalb fällt dem kommunalen Raum und der kommunalen Bildungssteuerung eine besondere Bedeutung zu, wenn das Potential des zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildungsengagements ausgeschöpft werden will. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Perspektive und die Erkenntnisse der zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildungsakteure vor Ort in den Blick. Basierend auf Fokusgruppeninterviews mit zivilgesellschaftlich Engagierten werden die Motive, Bedingungen und Gelingensfaktoren für Kooperationen vor Ort aufgeschlüsselt. Dabei wird der Sozialraum als der Gestaltungsraum betrachtet und Kooperation als Strukturmerkmal des Engagements verstanden, an das sich für die Entwicklung kommunaler Bildungslandschaften wirkungsvoll anknüpfen lässt.
Zusammen ganz anders? Zu den Verhältnissen zwischen ganztätiger Bildung und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Steiner Christine , Kanamüller Alexander , Langner Ronald
Published: November 2024

Beim bundesweiten Ausbau von Ganztagsschulen haben zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen, aber auch zahllose Ehrenamtliche, gezeigt, welches pädagogische Potenzial in ihnen steckt. Gleichzeitig haben die Herausforderungen im deutschen Bildungssystem in den letzten Jahren eher zu- als abgenommen. Die Folgen der Corona-Pandemie spiegeln sich nach wie vor in den Leistungen der Schüler:innen wider. Geflüchtete Kinder und Jugendliche brauchen weiterhin wirksame Unterstützung. Gleichzeitig fehlt es an Lehrkräften und Erzieher:innen. Vor diesem Hintergrund prüft der Beitrag die aktuellen Erfahrungen und Entwicklungen auf ihre Tragfähigkeit. Angesichts der geringen strukturellen Verankerung von Partnerschaften im Bildungsbereich plädiert der Artikel für gezielte Investitionen in bewährte Praktiken.
Ungleiche Übergänge in Ausbildung und Beruf – ein Problem der Governance?
Authors: Euler Dieter
Published: November 2024

Seit vielen Jahren gelingt es einer bedeutenden Zahl an Schulabgänger:innen nicht oder nur mit deutlicher Verzögerung, eine berufliche Ausbildung aufzunehmen. Besonders betroffen sind dabei Jugendliche mit einem niedrigen Schulabschluss und/oder einem Migrationshintergrund. Der beruflichen Bildung gelingt es nur begrenzt, das Ziel einer sozialen Integration zu erreichen und allen Jugendlichen den Weg zu einem Berufsabschluss zu ermöglichen.

Trotz umfangreicher Fördermaßnahmen haben sich die Übergangsprozesse in den vergangenen Jahren nicht verbessert. Es wird untersucht, welchen Beitrag die Governance der beruflichen Bildung an dieser unzulänglichen Situation besitzt. Es wird deutlich, dass über die Ausprägung und Wirkungsweise der Governance in der beruflichen Bildung erst wenige Erkenntnisse vorliegen und grundlegende Forschungsaktivitäten notwendig sind. Zugleich untersucht der Beitrag das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement, das im Hinblick auf die Integration von Jugendlichen in eine Berufsausbildung erkennbar ist. Neben Einzelbeispielen zeigen sich Potenziale, die für die Integration von Jugendlichen in Ausbildung und Beruf verstärkt genutzt werden können.
Die Zivilgesellschaft in kommunalen Bildungslandschaften
Authors: Süß Sabine
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Genese kommunaler Bildungslandschaften, verstanden als das systematische, vernetzte Handeln aller Bildungsakteure vor Ort. Es wird dargestellt, wie kommunale Bildungslandschaften unter gleichwertiger Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft als Bildungsakteur zum Wandel eines staatlich gelenkten Bildungssystems und zu kompetenzorientierten Bildungsbiographien beitragen können.
Die neue Rolle der vernetzten Zivilgesellschaft im Bildungssystem
Authors: Kösters Philip , Kraemer Matthias , Volz Ute
Published: November 2024

Zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen wollen in der nötigen umfassenden Reform des deutschen Bildungssystems Verantwortung übernehmen. Sie sind so gut vernetzt wie nie und bereit, mitgedacht und eingebunden zu werden. Der Beitrag beschreibt das Potenzial, das hierbei im Miteinander von Politik und Zivilgesellschaft liegt und beleuchtet die neue Rolle der vernetzten Zivilgesellschaft am Beispiel des Bundesverband Innovative Bildung, des Bundesverband soziales Mentoring und der Eleven Gemeinschaft.
Reflections on Kant on Reflections
Authors: Sutherland Daniel
Published: November 2024

This paper revisits Kant’s 1768 incongruent counterpart argument that space is absolute. Most commentators today dismiss Kant’s argument as begging the question against the relationalist. I argue that this dismissal is too quick, and that we have something to learn by considering what might have led him to argue as he does. My focus is on the role of geometrical intuitions and the extent to which they can provide defeasible warrant for claims about space. By “geometrical intuitions” I mean both the geometrical intuitions of spatial figures in imagination as well as the claims that seem to directly follow from them. My focus includes uncovering the metaphysical assumptions that are implicated in those geometrical intuitions. Whether or not Kant’s argument ultimately succeeds, the role of geometrical intuitions is worth exploring. Moreover, Kant appeals to geometrical intuitions, and any adequate interpretation of Kant will have to take them into account.
Magnitude, Matter, and Kant’s Principle of Mechanism
Authors: Wells Aaron
Published: November 2024

For Kant, inquiry into nature requires seeking to explain all material wholes merely mechanically, in terms of their parts. There is no consensus on how he justifies this Principle of Mechanism. I argue that Kant seeks to derive this claim about part and wholes neither from his laws of mechanics, nor from the mere discursivity of our understanding (two standard options in the literature), but instead from a priori principles laid out in the first Critique, which govern parts, wholes, and magnitudes. These principles are also fundamental to Kant’s account of mathematics. Therefore, Kant’s Principle of Mechanism and his philosophy of mathematics have common foundations.
The Impossible Biangle and the Possibility of Geometry
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2024

Kant repeatedly uses the biangle as an example of an impossible figure. In this paper, I offer an account of these passages and their significance for the possibility of geometry as a science. According to Kant, the constructibility of the biangle would signal the failure of geometry. Whereas Wolff derives the no-biangle proposition from the axiom that between two points there can be only one straight line, Kant gives it axiomatic status as a synthetic a priori principle possessing immediate certainty. Because we are unable to generate a schema for the biangle, the failure of the attempt to construct it is intuitively clear. The parallel between mathematical and empirical concepts is instructive because both involve the synthesis of disparate intuitions into a unity. We do not, strictly speaking, even possess a well-formed concept of the biangle, because its representation cannot fulfill certain basic requirements of concept formation.
Cytogenetic data from remote areas of Amazon: new karyotypes for spiny rats (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Authors: Moreira Camila do Nascimento , Dalapicolla Jeronymo , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Martins Cesar , Percequillo Alexandre Reis
Published: November 2024

Cytogenetics contributed to our knowledge about the diversity of a wide range of species. In this report, we present the karyotype of 28 specimens of 10 species distributed in four genera of family Echimyidae, collected in the Amazonian Forest. These rodents are between the most diverse groups of the Neotropical region and highlights the importance of obtaining chromosome suspension in field conditions. Several of these karyotypes (Makalata sp. 2n = 68, FNa = 100 or 102; Mesomys sp. 1, 2n = 62, FNa = 73 or 75; Mesomys sp. 2, 2n = 62, FNa = 76 or 78; and Mesomys sp. 3, 2n = 62 and FNa = 64 or 66) differ from those previously reported, suggesting that the cytogenetic diversity of Neotropical rodents is far from being properly described and understood.
Speed controller design for turboshaft engine using a high-fidelity AeroThermal model
Authors: Yazar Isil
Published: November 2024

One of the main objectives of this research is to construct a high-fidelity aerothermal model for controlling the turboshaft engine power turbine rotational speed. Firstly, a high-fidelity aerothermal model of General Electric T700 is formed. The turboshaft engine aerothermal model is simulated and compared to engine design point data on MATLAB/Simulink environment. Thermodynamic equations and some algebraic equations are used. In predicting compressor mass flow rate, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system method is preferred. A propeller model is also added to the turbo shaft engine aerothermal model and to keep the power turbine rotational speed at a constant value, a Proportional Integral Derivative controller is designed and applied. Open-loop and closed-loop simulations are conducted and successful outcomes are achieved. Results indicate that the differences between simulation and actual engine data are within acceptable limits. The suggested model can be readily updated and expanded to control additional parameters of the engine.

PACS 2010 Classification: Control theory in mathematical physics, 02.30. Yy, Computer modeling and simulation, 07.05.Tp, 05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state.
Making plundered spaces sacred again: fragmentation, reorganisation and respect in reused Theban tombs
Authors: Lemos Rennan
Published: November 2024

Textual sources from the Egyptian New Kingdom highlight a societal desire to preserve tombs for life after death, yet extensive architectural renovations and tomb robbing often followed the interment of elite individuals. Rather than posing a threat to conceptions of the afterlife, the author argues that these post-mortem activities were conducted with respect and the intention of forming connections. Using the identification of an unusual ritual structure from the Third Intermediate Period inside the reused Nineteenth Dynasty tomb of Paenmuaset (TT362) at Thebes (Luxor) as a basis, the author explores respect in ever-changing burial spaces as a key feature of tomb reuse.
Calibration Effects in Person Perception: How Presentation Order Affects Variability, Consensus, and Accuracy in Inferences From Behavior Observations
Authors: Wiedenroth Anne , Unkelbach Christian , Wessels Nele M. , Leising Daniel
Published: November 2024

Serial judgments of different target persons in a given situation can depend on the target’s position in the series: Perceivers may initially withhold extreme judgments to avoid violating their judgment algorithm’s consistency in case of more extreme observations later on. With subsequent observations, perceivers may better calibrate their judgment scale. We extend this theoretical reasoning on calibration effects to personality inferences: Between-target rating variability, consensus, and accuracy may be diminished in initial judgments if perceivers prefer moderate judgments regardless of the target. We tested and cross-validated these preregistered expectations using a sample of 3,963 perceivers who judged 200 targets regarding their personalities in 20 different situations. Whereas rating variability and consensus increased across the judgment series, accuracy did not. However, initial judgments were not always more moderate (e.g., higher Agreeableness) suggesting that perceivers reference trait-specific default values. This may be beneficial or detrimental for targets, depending on how their actual characteristics compare.
Caspase-9 and p53 Protein Levels in Cancer Patients after Different Anesthesia Techniques
Authors: Soloviev A. O. , Dolgikh V. T. , Novichkova O. N. , Govorova N. V.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in caspase-9 and p53 levels as biomarkers of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in the early postoperative period in patients who underwent lung surgery for malig-nant tumors under different types of multimodal or inhalation-intravenous anesthesia.

   Material and Methods. A single-center prospective study of 22 patients aged 45–64 years was conducted at the Omsk Clinical Oncology Early Treatment and Prevention Center from January to April 2020. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 patients received multimodal anesthesia, which included sympathetic nerve block and prolonged epidural analgesia in the postoperative period. Group 2 patients received inhalational and intravenous anesthesia followed by systemic morphine analgesia. Serum caspase-9 and  p53 protein levels were measured at four time points: before anesthesia, one, twelve, and twenty-four hours after surgery. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric (rank) analysis methods. Friedman's ANOVA was used to compare multiple time points, while the Wilcoxon test was used to compare variables between two time points in dependent samples. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences between groups in independent samples. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results are expressed as median ± half interquartile range (Me ± (LQ – UQ) / 2).

   Results. At time point 2, caspase-9 levels were significantly higher in group 2 patients than in group 1 (P = 0.045). There were no significant differences between the groups at any other time points.

   Conclusion. The lack of a significant difference in serum levels of caspase-9 and p53 protein at most time points between the groups demonstrates the efficacy of the anesthesia and analgesia methods used. Mean-while, a significantly higher level of caspase-9 one hour after surgery demonstrates a greater susceptibility of patients without sympathetic blockade to activation of the apoptotic cell death program.
ПРО ОБРАННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ФОРМИ СТРАХОВИКАМИ У СФЕРІ ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: СВІТЛИЧНИЙ Денис
Published: November 2024

Показано, що через зміни до Закону України «Про страхування» було звужено можливість обрання страховиками організаційно-правової форми до форми публічного акціонерного товариства (ПАТ), приватного акціонерного товариства (ПрАТ), товариства з додатковою відповідальністю (ТДВ) (раніше утворювались у формі повного та командитного товариств). Попри обмеження принципу забезпечення економічної багатоманітності та рівний захист державою усіх суб’єктів господарювання, загалом підтримано таке звуження вибору організаційно- правових форм, спрямоване на укрупнення страховиків і насичення ринку страхових послуг України страховиками, що належать до суб’єктів великого бізнесу, або об’єднаннями страховиків. Кожна з організаційно-правових форм об’єднань підприємств — асоціація, корпорація, концерн, консорціум, холдингова компанія — мають певні переваги і можуть бути обрані страховиками під час об’єднання з іншими учасниками страхового ринку і ринку перевезень. Позитивним є об’єднання страховиків у консорціум спільно з банком, перевізниками та іншими суб’єктами з метою організації довготривалих відносин з міжнародних, зокрема морських міжконтинентальних, перевезень вантажів; утворення страховиками холдингових страхових компаній із жорстким вертикальним менеджментом.
ПУБЛІЧНИЙ ДОГОВІР (ОФЕРТА): ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАКТИКИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ У СФЕРІ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: МИРОСЛАВСЬКИЙ Cергій
Published: November 2024

Визначено поняття публічного договору (оферти) на основі норм законодавства і порівняльно-правового аналізу наукових публікацій українських учених. Досліджено ключові сфери застосування договорів у різних секторах господарської  діяльності. Розглянуто загальні проблеми, включно з проблемою відсутності публічних договорів (оферти) на вебсайтах суб’єктів господарювання. Виявлено, що публічні договори (оферти) мають на меті стандартизувати процес укладення угод між контрагентами. Запропоновано Порядок інформування клієнта / споживача про умови публічного договору (оферти) та зміни до нього, а також основні умови, яким має відповідати публічний договір (оферта): предмет договору, умови оплати та ціноутворення, політика доставки та повернення (за умови комерційної складової відносин між контрагентами), права та обов’язки сторін, правила використання, механізми вирішення спорів, застосовне законодавство та юрисдикція, погодження умов договору та права на внесення змін до нього.