bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF TAMOXIFEN, ENDOXIFEN, AND 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , HARAHAP YAHDIANA , HARMITA  , HARYONO SAMUEL J. , SITORUS TESANIKA RIBKA JOULIN
Published: May 2020

Objective: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hormonal therapy that is clinically proven to reduce breast cancer recurrence by blocking estrogen receptor, mainly through its active metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) and endoxifen (END), which have a higher affinity to ER than TAM itself. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for analysis TAM and its metabolites simultaneously in dried blood spot (DBS) sample for monitoring studies purposes.

Methods: Optimization was done by evaluating several parameters that affect the efficiency of DBS preparation, such as blood spot volume, drying time and extraction method from the DBS paper. The effectiveness of chromatographic conditions was also optimized by varying flow rate, mobile phase combination and gradient. Clomiphene was used as the internal standard.

Results: The result showed that preparation of 20 µl blood spot volume with 120 min of drying time and 25 min of extraction time using 1 ml methanol was the most efficient condition and also fulfilled recovery and matrix effect requirement according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The separation was performed on UPLC Class BEH C18 using formic acid 0.1%-formic acid 0.1% in acetonitrile (35:65) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode at 0.25 ml/min with a total analysis time of 4 min.

Conclusion: This method has successfully fulfilled all validation requirements referring to EMA and FDA guidelines.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING COLEUS AMBOINICUS LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: JYOTHI DIVYA , CHERIYAN SHERIN P. , AHMED SHAIKH RAFIYA RAFIK , PRIYA SNEH , JAMES JAINEY P. , P. TERESA GEORGE
Published: May 2020

Objective: Current study is aimed at the formulation of silver nanoparticles loaded with the extract of Coleus amboinicus leaf extract by microwave irradiation. A facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using a biological agent such as plant extracts with the aid of microwave irradiation is proposed as an economical and environmentally friendly approach alternative to chemical and physical methods.

Methods: In order to fabricate silver nanoparticles by microwave irradiation, aqueous extract of leaves Coleus amboinicus (CA) were treated with aqueous silver nitrate solution and mixture was placed in the microwave oven for exposure to microwave. Optimizations of the process were carried out by varying the quantity of extract, silver nitrate concentration and duration of microwave irradiation. Formations of nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy observing for the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak. Nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Results: Silver nanoparticle showed the SPR optical absorption band peak at 434 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Reaction mixture containing 2 mmol silver nitrate and 9 ml of extract subjected to microwave irradiation of 60 sec at a temperature of 60 °C was found to be optimised condition, which produced nanoparticles that were spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 15.685 nm.

Conclusion: This research study opens an innovative design to progress our understanding of how silver nanoparticles behave can be optimized to improve their surface morphology, which is beneficial to improve its therapeutic effect.
REVIEW ABOUT RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS: PREPARATION, RADIOACTIVITY, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: ALSHAREF SHOMOKH , ALANAZI MASHAEL , ALHARTHI FATIMAH , QANDIL DANA , QUSHAWY MONA
Published: May 2020

In the recent few decades, there was a growth in the field of radioactive medicinal agents called radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals are consisting of radioactive materials called radioisotopes. Radiopharmaceuticals were recently used in both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. More than 100 radioactive substances are used in nuclear medicine. According to the decay of radioactive substances, there are three types of radioactive decays, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiations. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons with large mass and charge so it has no penetration power into the skin and has a destructive effect. Beta particles have less charge and less mass so, they can penetrate the tissue and have a less destructive effect than alpha particles and can be used in therapy. Gamma radiations have no mass or charge so they can penetrate the deep tissue of organs so used in diagnosis by imaging using a gamma camera. The radiopharmaceuticals were established in the diagnostic purpose and treatment of several diseases as thyroid gland cancer, hyperthyroidism, bone pain metastasis, kidney dysfunction, and myocardial and cerebral perfusion. The radioactive substance can also be used in the sterilization of thermo-labile substances as syringes, catheters, vitamins, hormones, and surgical dressing. The field of nuclear medicine has several advantages as localization of tumors, safe diagnosis, no accumulation of radiation, and high therapeutic efficacy. Nowadays, the branch of nuclear pharmacy is directed to introduce new radioactive pharmaceutical agents which will be important and effective in the treatment of cancer. The growth in the field of radiopharmaceuticals is important to help millions of patients suffering from tumors all over the world. The data of this review were collected by searching in Google Scholar and PubMed using the following keywords.
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM USING PLANT BIOLOGICALS
Authors: JEET KAMAL , MALAVIYA ALOK , BALDI ASHISH
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera on economically and medicinally important aromatic plant - Coriandrum sativum (coriander).

Methods: Phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera were evaluated on coriander, under greenhouse and field conditions. The evaluations were carried out with reference to emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil. Beside this the overall effects were comparatively assessed with the effects of (a) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) on coriander using same parameters.

Results: Mycorrhizal fungus (Sebacina vermifera) was observed with the most significant effect in all aspects viz. emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil.

Conclusion: Based upon the observations, Sebacina vermifera is highly recommended as a potential biological agent that could be applied for phytopromotional effects and economic cultivation of aromatic plants.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN MANFAAT BERSAMA (CREATING SHARE VALUE)
Authors: Harventy Gina
Published: May 2020

Creating Shared Value(CSV) adalah sebuah konsep dalam strategi bisnis yang menekankan pada pentingnya memasukkan masalah dan kebutuhan sosial dalam perancangan strategi perusahaan. CSV merupakan pengembangan dari konsep CSR. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penerapan program Tanggung Jawab Sosial yang dilakukan oleh Nestle Indonesia, dalam menciptakan manfaat bersama atau creating share value. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dan data primer, yang diperoleh dengan cara studi literatur dan melakukan observasi lapang. Hasil dari penelitian kali ini,dalam implementasinya program CSV Nestle Indonesia diintegrasikan dengan tahapan rantai bisnisnya. Secara tidak langsung menjadi strategi bisnis perusahaan. Perusahaan mencoba untuk menyelaraskan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosialnya dengan strategi bisnis yang akan dicapai oleh perusahaan.
Results of experimental researches of reinforced concrete retaining walls
Authors: Rubin Oleg D. , Lisichkin Sergey E. , Pashchenko Fedor A.
Published: May 2020

Relevance. Hydroelectric facilities include reinforced concrete retaining walls. They are intended to protect the main structures from the collapse and sliding of soil massifs. Retaining walls are characterized by significant size, relatively low content of reinforcement, the presence of horizontal interblock seams, which considerably affects the features of the work and the state of retaining walls. The normative documents that were in force during the design and construction of most retaining walls (the second half of the last century) did not fully take into account the features of the retaining walls, as a result of which long-term operation revealed deviations from the design premises, including excessive displacement of the top of the walls, the disclosure of horizontal interblock joints, which exceeded the design values. In a number of cases, reinforced concrete structures of retaining walls were reinforced in areas of interblock joints. The aim of the work is to conduct experimental studies of reinforced concrete retaining walls, including taking into account their reinforcement by inclined reinforcing bars. Methods. The technique of experimental studies of hydraulic engineering reinforced concrete structures was applied in accordance with regulatory documents and the developed program of experimental studies of reinforced concrete retaining walls. The results obtained showed the opening of horizontal interblock joints, the formation of inclined cracks emerging from the joints. An increase in the strength of reinforced concrete structures of retaining walls and a decrease in their deformability due to reinforcement by inclined rods in the area of the interblock weld were recorded.
Latgales teātra darbība (1921–1940)
Authors: Melne Laura
Published: May 2020

Īsts latviešu kultūras dzīves uzplaukums Latgalē pirmoreiz vērojams tikai pēc Neatkarības kara noslēguma, kad reģionā sāka atjaunoties mierīga dzīve. Latgalieši un pārējie latvieši, kurus Latgalē sauca par baltiešiem, arī pēc kopīgas valsts nodibināšanas cits citam bija diezgan sveši gan kulturālā, gan saimnieciskā ziņā. Viens no līdzekļiem, kā jaunizveidotās Latvijas valsts valdība centās tuvināt latgaliešus un pārējos latviešus, bija kultūra, un veiksmīgs piemērs bija tieši teātris. Rakstā sniegts ieskats Latgales ­teātra darbībā no tā izveidošanas 1921. gadā līdz slēgšanai 1940. gadā, akcentējot pārmaiņas, ko teātra attīstībā iezīmēja Kārļa Ulmaņa 1934. gada 15. maijā realizētais valsts apvērsums.
Reklāmas un sludinājumi laikrakstā “Tēvija” 1941. gadā kā vēstures avots
Authors: Stepens Ojārs
Published: May 2020

Lai gan parasti vēstures pētniecībā masu informācijas līdzekļos publicētajiem sludinājumiem pievērš maz uzmanības, tie ir nozīmīgs informācijas avots, kas sniedz ziņas par pagātnes norisēm. Tie veido atsevišķu slāni mediju komunikācijā ar sabiedrību, īpaši tādēļ, ka bieži no tiem var gūt ziņas, kuras saistītas nevis ar “oficiālo viedokli”, bet gan ar cilvēkiem patiešām aktuāliem sadzīves jautājumiem (pērk, pārdod, maina, izklaide u. c.). Tāpat sludinājumi atklāj saimnieciskās, politiskās un sabiedriskās dzīves norises. Raksta mērķis ir analizēt reklāmas un sludinājumus Latvijā nacistu okupācijas varas izdotajā oficiālajā laikrakstā “Tēvija” 1941. gadā. Pētījuma hronoloģiskais ietvars izvēlēts, ņemot vērā šādus apsvērumus: 1941. gads bija laiks, kad Latvijā formējās nacistu okupācijas varas sistēma, vēlāk tā pastāvēja vairāk vai mazāk stabilā formā; tieši šajā laika posmā bija raksturīga padomju okupācijas laikā un karadarbībā bojāgājušo radinieku meklēšana ar sludinājumu palīdzību, ar holokausta īstenošanu saistītās nacistu antisemītiskās propagandas uzsākšana un izvēršana u. c. Minēto cēloņu dēļ Latvijas iedzīvotāju ikdienas dzīvē šis laiks bija īpašs, un tas atspoguļojas arī reklāmās un sludinājumos.
Žečpospoļitas dalīšanas (1772–1795) – to vērtējums poļu vēsturiskajā literatūrā
Authors: Seliška Edvards
Published: May 2020

Raksts pievēršas jautājumam, kā kopš 18. gadsimta līdz pat mūsdienām attīstījies poļu vēsturnieku skatījums uz Polijas–Lietuvas valsts (Žečpospoļitas) dalīšanām (1772–1795). Analizēts, kā vēsturnieku politiskā pārliecība un laikmeta norises ietekmējušas pagātnes vērtējumu un kā pakāpeniski izveidojies uzskats gan par “pašu poļu vainu un spēju atdzimt” (iekšējiem faktoriem), gan par “kaimiņvalstu alkatību” (ārējiem faktoriem). Vēstur­nieki, analizējot dalīšanu cēloņus un iemeslus, nereti centās atbildēt uz aktuālajiem politiskajiem jautājumiem – piemēram, vai 19. gadsimta sacelšanās bija vajadzīgas. Tas ilgtermiņā veidoja attieksmi pret Vāciju, Krieviju, arī Franciju un Lielbritāniju.
Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Poluektova E. A. , Beniashvili A. G. , Maslennikov R. V.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To provide a definition and classification of nutraceutical products and to show their significane in modern integrative medicine.

Background. Nutraceuticals are foodstuffs and their components, which have a positive effect on human health, including preventive maintenance and treatment of diseases. Nutraceuticals include healthy and functional foods, as well as biologically active food additives (BAFA). Healthy foods are nutritional foodstuffs without any artificial modification. These include organic, whole, and natural foods. Alongside a high nutritional value, functional food products have a positive effect on the human body due to functional food ingredients. BAFAs are food additives that contains one or several food ingredients (vitamins, mineral substances, plant components, amino acids and others). Specialists express conflicting viewpoints concerning nutraceuticals. Some nutraceuticals, such as probiotics, have confirmed their effectiveness in clinical trials, while the beneficial properties of others require further elucidation.

Conclusions. The application of nutraceuticals, as well as their combined use with pharmaceuticals, in accordance with recommendations by scientific professional associations formulated on the basis of valid research studies can lead to an improvement in the quality of the life and longevity of the population. This position forms a basis for the development of integrative medicine — a contemporary approach to the treatment of diseases.
Editorial: Governance, risks and rules between theoretical studies and empirical analyses
Authors: Dell’Atti Stefano
Published: May 2020

The first issue of the journal in 2020 (volume 10, issue 1) provides a careful analysis of the important field of research regarding the social indicators, the corporate governance system, risk analysis and risk management, disclosure and bank regulation. Specifically, the current issue pays attention of an index to measure the quality of the most important European cities, the evolution of Saudi Arabia corporate governance systems, the econometric approach to estimate the influence of interest rates and inflation rates on default rates of banks, the Canadian companies and risks firms disclose, the relevance of enterprise risk management (ERM) information disclosure in the US banking sector and the bank regulation of capital and risk management in the Europe and Central Asia region.
Dextran Sulfate Protects Pancreatic β-Cells, Reduces Autoimmunity, and Ameliorates Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Geming , Rausell-Palamos Francisco , Zhang Jiamin , Zheng Zihan , Zhang Tuo , Valle Shelley , Rosselot Carolina , Berrouet Cecilia , Conde Patricia , Spindler Matthew P. , Graham John G. , Homann Dirk , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo
Published: May 2020

A failure in self-tolerance leads to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Low-molecular-weight dextran sulfate (DS) is a sulfated semisynthetic polysaccharide with demonstrated cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties in vitro. However, whether DS can protect pancreatic β-cells, reduce autoimmunity, and ameliorate T1D is unknown. In this study, we report that DS, but not dextran, protects human β-cells against cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. DS also protects mitochondrial function and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reduces chemokine expression in human islets in a proinflammatory environment. Interestingly, daily treatment with DS significantly reduces diabetes incidence in prediabetic NOD mice and, most importantly, reverses diabetes in early-onset diabetic NOD mice. DS decreases β-cell death, enhances islet heparan sulfate (HS)/HS proteoglycan expression, and preserves β-cell mass and plasma insulin in these mice. DS administration also increases the expression of the inhibitory costimulatory molecule programmed death-1 (PD-1) in T cells, reduces interferon-γ+CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and enhances the number of FoxP3+ cells. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the action of one single molecule, DS, on β-cell protection, extracellular matrix preservation, and immunomodulation can reverse diabetes in NOD mice, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of T1D.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy prepared by laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing
Authors: Liu Miaoran , Ma Guangyi , Liu Dehua , Yu Jingling , Niu Fangyong , Wu Dongjiang
Published: May 2020

The aluminum alloy with low density, high specific strength and excellent fracture toughness could meet the demand of lightweight large-scale manufacturing, and it has been extensively used in the field of aerospace, rail transit, and automotive. Laser-arc additive manufacturing has the advantage of stable forming process and fewer defects due to the addition of a laser, so it has the great potential advantage in additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy. In this paper, the aluminum alloy thin-wall was prepared by arc and laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing, and the microstructure, the phase structure, microhardness, and tensile property were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure exhibited the periodic distribution characteristics in both additive manufacturing processes, and in the bottom, the middle, and the top area, it presents the coarse columnar, fine columnar, and fine equiaxed dendritic, respectively. In hybrid additive manufacturing, a laser affected zone with refinement grains appeared, and the size of the heat affected zone was obviously reduced. In both additive manufacturing processes, α-Al phase, Al-Si phase, and small amount of the Al-Si-Sr phase all were found, but the Al-Si-Sr phase was reduced in hybrid additive manufacturing. Although the element segregation was found in both additive manufacturing processes, the Sr became more uniform in hybrid additive manufacturing. The microhardness was increased from 52.0 ± 2.7 HV0.05 in arc additive manufacturing to 56.2 ± 2.9 HV0.05 in hybrid additive manufacturing. The tensile strength was increased from 143.6 ± 2.9 MPa in arc additive manufacturing to 164.4 ± 4.8 MPa in hybrid additive manufacturing, and the elongation is 20.8 ± 0.8% in the arc additive manufacturing and 19.6 ± 1.1% in additive manufacturing, respectively.
1989 – Året som endret Europa
Authors: Lundén Thomas
Published: May 2020

Abstract: 1989 – The Year That Transformed EuropeThomas Lundén (Centrum för Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning (CBEES), Södertörns högskola) reviews 1989 – Året som endret Europa (1989 – The Year That Transformed Europe) written by Per Anders Madsen.
The Differences in Students’ Cognitive Processes in Constructing Mathematical Conjecture
Authors: Astawa I Wayan Puja
Published: May 2020

Constructing mathematical conjectures involves individuals’ unique and complex cognitive processes in which have not yet fully understood. The cognitive processes refer to any of the mental functions assumed to be involved in the acquisition, storage, interpretation, manipulation, transformation, and the use of knowledge. Understanding of these cognitive processes may assist individuals in constructing mathematical conjectures. This study aimed to describe the differences in students’ cognitive processes in constructing mathematical conjecture which is based on their mathematical ability and gender through a qualitative exploratory research study. The research subjects consisted of six mathematics students of Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, the representative of high, medium, and low mathematical ability and either genders, male and female, respectively. The data of cognitive processes were collected by task-based interviews and were analyzed qualitatively. The differences in students’ cognitive processes in constructing mathematical conjectures were grouped into five distinct stages, namely understanding the problem, exploring the problem, formulating the conjecture, justifying the conjecture, and proving the conjecture. The results show that there were several differences in the students’ cognitive processes in constructing mathematical conjectures in the previously mentioned stages.
Mobile-Assisted Task-Based Language Learning, Writing Competency, And Motivation
Authors: Dewi Adelina Kartika , Ratminingsih Ni Made , Santosa Made Hery
Published: May 2020

This quasi-experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of mobile-assisted task-based learning on students’ writing competency and students’ motivation in writing. Post-test only control group design was employed in this study. The experimental group was taught by mobile-assisted task-based learning while the control group was taught by non mobile-assisted task-based learning. A writing post-test and questionnaire were used to obtain the data and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and MANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that (1) there was a significant effect of Mobile-assisted Task-based Learning on the students’ writing competency; (2) there was a significant effect of Mobile-assisted Task-based Learning on the students’ writing motivation; and (3) there was a simultaneous effect of Mobile-assisted Task-based Learning on the students’ writing competency and students’ motivation in writing. This study concluded that the use of mobile devices as a medium in the learning process is effective to enhance the students’ writing competency and increase students’ motivation in writing.
“A MILÍCIA DOS REMIDOS MARCHA IMPOLUTA”: CAMPANHA DE EVANGÉLICOS ASSEMBLEIANOS AO LEGISLATIVO PARANAENSE EM 2018
Authors: Mezzomo Frank Antonio , Anjos Brandon Lopes dos , Pátaro Cristina Satiê Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir as singularidades e semelhanças entre as campanhas de doze candidatos vinculados às Assembleias de Deus, que recorreram ao capital religioso durante o pleito à Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná, em 2018. Identificamos e coletamos as publicações nas fanpages do Facebook dos políticos durante o período eleitoral, e construímos categorias de análise, procurando compreender como esses agentes organizaram suas estratégias de campanha. É possível caracterizar um modus operandi dos candidatos assembleianos como plural, descentralizado e não sistemático, voltado com maior intensidade para a representação e participação na comunidade de origem, comportamento similar à organização da estrutura institucional das Assembleias de Deus.
O ENSINO RELIGIOSO E A ESCOLA JOSÉ BONIFÁCIO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DESENVOLVIDA NO QUILOMBO DO CRIA-Ú NO AMAPÁ
Authors: Bezerra Moisés de Jesus Prazeres dos Santos , Videira Piedade Lino , Custódio Elivaldo Serrão
Published: May 2020

Analisando como o Ensino Religioso é vivenciado na Escola José Bonifácio, localizada na Comunidade do Cria-ú, no estado do Amapá, este artigo procura problematizar a prática pedagógica da disciplina supracitada no contexto de uma comunidade quilombola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e que tem por método o estudo de caso etnográfico. Os colaboradores foram os docentes do 1º ao 5º e 6º e 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados apontam que a prática com o Ensino Religioso é de caráter confessional onde se prioriza a cosmovisão cristã, não contemplando as especificidades culturais e religiosas da comunidade local.
Challenges of Implementing Container Terminal Operating System: The Case of the Port of Mombasa from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Perspective
Authors: Gekara Victor Oyaro , Nguyen Xuan-Vi Thanh
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the port of Mombasa’s attempted implementation of computer-based terminal operating systems (TOS); the challenges faced and the outcomes. In addition to enhancing its operations efficiency, a key motivation for the technology was to facilitate better integration and connectivity to the Belt and Road as a key gateway along the key route. It utilised a qualitative single-case methodology, involving a combination of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and content analysis of relevant policy documents and reports provided by the port. The paper finds that the attempt to adopt and implement TOS at the port mostly failed as a result of a complex combination of technological, organisational and environmental factors. Most importantly, the wider business environment was ill equipped with the necessary information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to support effective implementation. There was also a general lack of appropriately skilled workers to support and drive the same.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress In The Time of COVID-19 Pandemic In Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Kamal Niaz mustafa , Othman Nasih
Published: May 2020

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its threat to people’s health and its indirect impacts through the subsequent measures taken by governments to control the disease have led to uncertainty and huge disruption in the way people used to live with a negative impact on mental health and wellbeing.  The current study estimate prevalence of the common mental health disorders among a sample of the adult population in the Kurdistan Region during the pandemic. Through an online survey using DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety, and stress data of 548 adult participants were collected during April 2020 and analyzed.  The sample was mainly from Sulaimani (89%), mean age was 37.9 (SD 13.5) and male/female ratio was 1. Prevalence of any severity levels of depression, anxiety, and stress was 45%, 47%, and 18% respectively. In regression analysis, notably female sex was a significant independent factor for higher levels of depression (coefficient 1.89, p<0.05), anxiety (coefficient 2.19, p<0.001), and stress (coefficient 1.52, p<0.05). Postgraduate education and other occupations were also significantly associated with depression (coefficient 3.81, p<0.05; coefficient 2.39, p<0.05 respectively),    anxiety (coefficient 2.92, p<0.05; coefficient 4.1, p<0.001 respectively) and stress (coefficient 3.83, p<0.001; coefficient 4.1, p<0.001 respectively). The study indicates high levels of common mental health disorders during the pandemic and calls for public health measures to promote the mental health and resilience of the population.
La construcción del bielsismo en el diario La Nación
Authors: Irungaray Gabriel Enrique
Published: May 2020

El bielsismo es una construcción discursiva que dialoga y se tensiona con un contexto formado por enunciados, mitos y tradiciones del fútbol nacional. Para indagar en esos discursos será necesario analizar un corpus de 6 notas del año 2019, donde Bielsa se encuentra dirigiendo el Leeds United Fútbol Club. El corte sincrónico tiene la intención de analizar la primera temporada del técnico en el equipo inglés, con el que logró asentarse en los primeros puestos durante la mayor parte del torneo, pero que finalmente no logró el ascenso a la primera división británica, la Premier League.
Paul Ricoeur: Mundo del texto y mundo del lector en la obra literaria narrativa
Authors: Argüello Guzmán Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta una descripción de las categorías denominadas mundo del texto y mundo del lector en la teoría de Paul Ricoeur. Además, se presenta una discusión teórica acerca del como dichas categorías hacen parte de una compleja trama de relaciones con los conceptos de texto, obra, comprensión y narrativa y como estas categorías están asociadas también a una hermenéutica del lector que tiene como antecedentes inmediatos los conceptos de Mímesis I, II, III. En el presente artículo se discuten además los argumentos para plantear que en el desarrollo de la hermenéutica del lector se presentan posibilidades de promoción de la comprensión lectora de obras narrativas literarias. La idea que aquí subyace plantea que entre el mundo del texto y el mundo del lector media la comprensión lectora literaria, en este caso narrativa, lo cual posibilita la construcción de un modelo de lectura literaria que considera al lector como eje relacional de la comprensión lectora literaria.
Polinización transtextual en La edad de la inocencia (1993)
Authors: GARCÍA RUIZ Sonia
Published: May 2020

La historia del cine es ciertamente atractiva si se estudia de manera transversal, teniendo en cuenta para ello las distintas manifestaciones artísticas que concurren en una misma o distinta época y que comparten rasgos formales que las vinculen. Tomando el filme La edad de la inocencia (1993) como caso de estudio, diversas relaciones transtextuales, entre las cuales, la hipertextualidad, la intertextualidad y la metatextualidad, afloran entre disciplinas como la literatura, el teatro, la pintura y la fotografía; todas ellas presentes en la película e imbricadas en un discurso que concierne a las formas de representación de la realidad. Y es precisamente a través de la interrelación del cine con las demás artes donde tiene lugar la Inter.-discursividad, como si el cine, a su paso, polinizase varias texturas de diversa naturaleza, dejando en ellas el trazo cinematográfico de su autor.Palabras clave: cine; transtextualidad; interdiscursivida. Key words: film; transtextuality; interdiscursivit.
Aporías narrativas en Lucía y el sexo de Julio Medem
Authors: Thibaudeau Pascale
Published: May 2020

Este artículo propone un estudio de la estructura narrativa de la película Lucía y el sexo de Julio Medem a partir de algunas nociones deconstructivistas sintetizadas en la introducción. Los juegos elaborados por la instancia enunciadora alrededor de los distintos niveles internos de narración provocan regularmente un cuestionamiento de los límites entre ficción y realidad que parecían haber sido definidos anteriormente y desembocan en una forma de “indecidabilidad” narrativa.El proceso de escritura puesto en escena por la película (el protagonista es escritor) justifica las innumerables vías que toma una narración que se va construyendo bajo nuestra mirada y donde todo participa en la descomposición de la linearidad del relato. Constantemente desplazado, el lugar de donde procede la narración se virtualiza, lo que favorece la multiplicación de pistas de interpretación contradictorias entre las que ninguna se revela, de por sí, satisfactoria. En permanente proceso de diseminación y de “diferancia” del sentido, esta película entra en resonancia con las aporías deconstructivistas.nacional-católicos.Palabras clave: Deconstrucción; narración; escritura; Julio Medem; montaje Key words: Déconstruction; narration; écriture; Julio Medem; montage
La fotografía de la cultura popular a partir de la transición española
Authors: Velasco María Jesús
Published: May 2020

El texto hace un recorrido por las publicaiones sobre tradiciones populares e inicia su andadura en los catálogos del Certamen Nacional de Fotografía sobre Artes y Tradiciones Populares, como ejemplo de la primera convocatoria específica institucional abierta a l público, enmarcada en un ámbito democrático y participativo. Posteriormente, se detiene en lo fotógrafos y en los trabajos más significativos de la época, materializados en diversos libros fotográficos de autor
Del compromiso ético a la manipulación. Las fotografías de un reportero de guerra en Bajo el fuego (R. Spottiswoode, 1983)
Authors: Loma Muro Elvira
Published: May 2020

Es muy frecuente la presencia de la fotografía como elemento discursivo en el cine, de modo particular en las películas de tema bélico. La fotografía es una imagen de la realidad y, en el caso de la foto-documento (como por ejemplo la fotografía de guerra), pretende ser un reflejo veraz de la misma. Pero, por muchas razones, la objetividad de la fotografía puede verse alterada al permitir la técnica que su autor la manipule o al utilizarse con una finalidad distinta de para la que fue concebida. Sobre esa manipulación, sobre sus justificantes morales o sobre los intereses que la provocan se centran nuestras reflexiones. Estas se articulan a partir del filme Bajo el fuego (Roger Spottiswoode, 1983) que presenta la actuación de un reportero de guerra en el conflicto nicaragüense de 1979. Los tipos de instantáneas que realiza, sus intenciones y la ética de su comportamiento ofrecen muchos matices para el análisis.Palabras clave:Fotografía; cine; guerra; objetividad; ética.Key words:Photography; cinema; war; objectivity; ethics
Iron lady, reflexiones sobre la imagen y el liderazgo
Authors: Arnal Maria
Published: May 2020

A través de diversas teorías sobre el liderazgo así como la influencia del cine en el legado visual y biográfico de algunas personalidades relevantes, este artículo analiza el liderazgo de Margaret Thatcher mostrado en la película Iron Lady, sobrenombre con el que se la conoce. El largometraje presenta la figura de la que fuera primera ministra de Gran Bretaña a través de los recuerdos de su protagonista, los factores y circunstancias personales que influyeron en su estilo de gobernar y liderazgo, su personalidad y su faceta en el entorno familiar.Palabras clave: liderazgo; política; cine; imagen pública; Margaret Thatcher Key words: leadership; politics; cinema; public image; Margaret Thatcher
Repeticiones y revisiones: el remake en la fotografía construida
Authors: Castro Maribel
Published: May 2020

Desde la posmodernidad, la teoría de la fotografía se ha ocupado de la idea de que las fotografías pueden ser entendidas como procesos de significación y codificación cultural. En un contexto artístico interesado por el pastiche, la cita, la deconstrucción y el cuestionamiento de las ideas de autoría y originalidad, el remake se consolida como modo de producción de versiones de iconos pertenecientes al imaginario colectivo, y se convierte en una estrategia representacional recurrente en la fotografía artística actual. Nos reta a reconocer lo que vemos, cuestionar cómo lo vemos, y problematizar cómo las imágenes dan forma a nuestras emociones y comprensión del mundo. Tras desarrollar el concepto de remake, analizaremos sus implicaciones estéticas, narrativas y representacionales en la fotografía escenificada, mediante el estudio de un conjunto de propuestas artísticas recientes que hacen uso de un stock de imágenes preexistentes (especialmente procedentes de la Pintura), reelaborándolas con nuevos enfoques que expresan además un compromiso con el presente. PALABRAS CLAVE: Fotografía escenificada; remake; arte contemporáneo; deconstrucción; originalidad.ABSTRACT Since posmodernism, photography theory has dealt with the idea that photographs can be understood as processes of cultural meaning and coding. In an artistic context interested in pastiche, quotation, deconstruction and questioning ideas of authorship and originality, the remake is consolidated as way of producing revisions of icons belonging to the collective imagination, and becomes a recurring representational strategy in current art photography. It challenges us to recognize what we see, to question how we see it, and to problematize how images give shape to our emotions and understanding of the world. After developing the concept of remake, we will analyze its aesthetic, narrative and representational implications in staged photography, through the study of a set of recent artistic proposals that make use of a stock of preexisting images (specially from Painting), that then are reworked with new approaches that express a strong commitment to the present.                                                                                                                 KEY WORDS: Staged photography; remake, contemporary art; deconstruction; originality.
El Two-Color Kodachrome y su inserción en The Llight in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922): primera y única exhibición pública del proceso experimental de color en un largometraje comercial
Authors: Guiralt Gomar Carmen
Published: May 2020

El Two-Color Kodachrome fue un proceso experimental de color de la Eastman Kodak Company, inventado por John G. Capstaff (en 1913 para fotografía fija y desde finales de 1914 adaptado al celuloide), y el primer método fotoquímico de color sustractivo que se aplicó a la cinematografía. Se introdujo en un único largometraje comercial, que supuso a la vez la primera exhibición pública del sistema: The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Pese a las buenas críticas, después quedó restringido a la experimentación dentro de la compañía y a cortometrajes. Este artículo examina el sistema de color en sí mismo, así como el modo en que se insertó en la película, de la que no han sobrevivido ni su negativo original ni la única copia que existió de ella en Kodachrome. Esto último se realiza a través de la confrontación de material de archivo inédito y de testimonios de pruebas en Kodachrome simultáneas al rodaje del film. Conocemos así cómo fueron las imágenes en color de la película y el estado de desarrollo exacto del sistema en 1922. Se examina también la evolución posterior del Kodachrome y su ausencia de éxito para su adopción por parte de los estudios de Hollywood.   Abstract: Two-Color Kodachrome was a color experimental process from the Eastman Kodak Company, invented by John G. Capstaff (in 1913 for still photography and since the end of 1914 adapted to motion pictures), and it was the first photochemical method in a subtractive color system applied to cinematography. It was introduced in an only one commercial feature, which meant at the same time the first public exhibition of the system: The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Despite obtaining good reviews, later the system was restricted to the experimentation within the company and shorts. This article examines the color system by itself, as well as the way in which the color was inserted into the film, of which neither the original negative nor the only print of it that included the Kodachrome have survived. Principio del formularioThe latter is carried out through the confrontation of unpublished archival material and examples of existing tests that were filmed in Kodachrome simultaneously to the shooting of the picture. This way we can know how the color images of the film were, as well as the exact state of development on the system in 1922. It is also examined the subsequent evolution of Kodachrome and its lack of success in being used by the Hollywood studios.Palabras clave: Two-Color Kodachrome; Kodak; John G. Capstaff; George Eastman; Jules Brulatour; The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Keywords: Two-Color Kodachrome; Kodak; John G. Capstaff; George Eastman; Jules Brulatour; The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922).
Gerda Taro y los orígenes del fotoperiodismo moderno en la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Arroyo Jiménez Lorna , Doménech Fabregat Hugo
Published: May 2020

Resumen:El hallazgo en México durante el año 2007 de más de 4.000 negativos inéditos de la Guerra Civil Española pertenecientes a Robert Capa (Endre Ernö Friedmann), David Seymour (David Szymin, “Chim”) y Gerda Taro (Gerda Pohorylle) ha puesto definitivamente en valor el trabajo de esta última, la primera fotoperiodista fallecida en el frente de acción por documentar desde primera línea la guerra de España. El presente trabajo revisa el momento fotográfico de la Guerra Civil Española a partir del trabajo de Gerda Taro a razón del valor y significación de sus fotografías. Para ello, se han estudiado 716 originales de la fotógrafa en diferentes soportes (película negativa de 35 mm y 6x6 cm, copias por contacto, copias de época y modernas), y se han analizado pormenorizadamente algunas de estas fotografías mediante un método que ha permitido obtener conclusiones definitivas sobre el conjunto de su obra. Los resultados apuntan a que la práctica fotográfica de Gerda Taro en la guerra de España contribuyó a la redefinición del concepto de fotoperiodismo en occidente. Abstract: The discovery in Mexico in 2007 of more than 4,000 unpublished negatives from the Spanish Civil War, owned by Robert Capa (Endre Ernö Friedmann), David Seymour (David Szymin, “Chim”) and Gerda Taro (Gerda Pohorylle) has in particular shown the importance of the latters body of work. Taro is considered to be the first photographer to die during a war, whilst working on the front line of the Spanish Civil War. This paper reviews Taro’s photographs that capture this important moment in time, in Taro’s own, unique photojournalistic style. To do this, 716 original photographs were studied across different media, (35 mm negative films, 6x6 cm contact prints and enlargements), some of which have been thoroughly analyzed by a method that has led to precise conclusions about the body of work. The results show that Gerda Taro’s work during the Spanish Civil War contributed to the redefinition of the concept of photojournalism in the West.   Palabras clave: Gerda Taro; Robert Capa; Fotoperiodismo; Vanguardias Históricas; Guerra Civil Española; Análisis fotográfico.   Keywords: Gerda Taro; Robert Capa; Photojournalism; Historical Vanguards, Spanish Civil War, Analysis photographic.
Are subsidies for Polish enterprises effective: empirical results based on panel data
Authors: Gosk Beata , Nehrebecka Natalia
Published: May 2020

The objective of this article was to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of subsidies used by companies, as well as to develop an approach to assess the effectiveness of subsidies for the manufacturing sector of Polish economy. In order to organise the results obtained by researchers dealing with the efficacy of subsidies, a meta-analysis, i.e. a quantitative assessment of empirical literature, was carried out. Based on the data from the financial statements of medium-sized and large Polish companies, published in Monitor Polski B (a former Official Journal of the Republic of Poland), an evaluation study was conducted to verify the research hypotheses. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the aid in the form of subsidies did not have a significant impact on the productivity of the subsidised companies, growth rate of assets or profitability.
The Same but Different: Regulating Zero Hours Work in Two Liberal Market Economies
Authors: Ryan Lorraine , MacMahon Juliet , O’Sullivan Michelle , Turner Thomas , Lavelle Jonathan , Murphy Caroline , O’Brien Mike , Gunnigle Patrick
Published: May 2020

The rise in zero hours contracts in liberal market economies (LMEs) has recently received much attention with calls for regulation to protect workers. LMEs typically adopt flexible labour market policies that are less regulated than coordinated market economies (CMEs) as a competitive advantage. In this paper we examine nuanced differences in the nature and regulation of zero hours work in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland. With an increased diffusion of zero hours work in both countries, we examine the different responses taken by these similar LMEs to this contemporary employment issue. We examine whether, as expected in an LME context, there is weak regulation in both countries and the factors influencing this. We find subtle but important differences between regulations of zero hours contracts. We conclude by discussing the possible implications of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) (Brexit) for the regulation of precarious work.
Nutritional composition and heavy metal content in breast and thigh muscles of wild and intensively reared common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Flis Marian , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Żukowska Grażyna , Gugała Dariusz
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Differing conditions in captive breeding and in the wild have impact on the mineral profile of the pheasant carcass and its heavy metal contents. This may be an indicator of environmental contamination. The study evaluated the nutritional composition and selected macro- and trace element contents (heavy metals in particular) in usable sections of pheasant breast and thigh muscles originating from captive breeding and wild birds.

Material and Methods

The tests were performed on the breast and thigh muscles of 20 wild and 20 farm bred birds from around Lublin, Poland, with equal sex representation. The nutrient and lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel contents were determined using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.

Results

The farmed pheasants had a higher proportion of breast muscle. The thigh muscles of all birds had a higher fat content than the breast muscles (5.1 g vs. 3.4 g per kg of natural weight). The macroelement level depended on the muscle type and bird origin. The trace element content also did and gender dependence was also evident. The wild birds contained more cadmium in the breast muscles and lead in both muscles than the farm-raised ones.

Conclusion

The high quality and usefulness of wild and farmed pheasant meat is confirmed. It has advantageous macro- and trace element contents and permissible heavy metal contents except for lead in wild birds. The heavy metal level can be a bioindicator of their environmental occurrence. In wild birds, the lead level may also reflect birdshot remnants.
Public Investment Policy as a Driver of Changes in the Ecosystem Services Delivery by an Urban Green Infrastructure
Authors: Abramowicz Dawid , Stępniewska Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

The presented study considers the impact of public expenditure related to land development on the potential of an urban green infrastructure to provide ecosystem services (ES). The study site (Szachty) is located in Poznań, the fifth largest city in Poland. In the article, we recognised the type of expenditure (permanent infrastructure and ongoing maintenance), the costs and the influence on ES (stimulating, weakening or no relevant). The study shows that the financial policy concerning the study area is focused on creating an infrastructure that enhances cultural ecosystem services (CES). However, the creation of recreational facilities weakens the potential of the area for supplying regulating services concerning maintaining nursery populations and habitats. The results highlight the need for scientific support for policymakers in understanding the synergies and trade-offs between ES, resulting from financial decisions. This is particularly important in the decision-making process in the areas of high natural value, in which full, long-term effects of the decisions may be barely visible and incomprehensible for the society. Showing the impact of financial decisions on the structure and level of ES may provide arguments supporting a more complex and high-quality social dialogue, including balancing the interests of various stakeholders.