bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Bacterial Chaperones in the Circulative Transmission of Plant Viruses by Insect Vectors
Authors: Kliot Adi , Ghanim Murad
Published: June 2013

Persistent circulative transmission of plant viruses involves complex interactions between the transmitted virus and its insect vector. Several studies have shown that insect vector proteins are involved in the passage and the transmission of the virus. Interestingly, proteins expressed by bacterial endosymbionts that reside in the insect vector, were also shown to influence the transmission of these viruses. Thus far, the transmission of two plant viruses that belong to different virus genera was shown to be facilitated by a bacterial chaperone protein called GroEL. This protein was shown to be implicated in the transmission of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, and the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci. These tri-trophic levels of interactions and their possible evolutionary implications are reviewed.
Science to Support Management of Receiving Waters in an Event-Driven Ecosystem: From Land to River to Sea
Authors: Leigh Catherine , Burford Michele , Connolly Rod , Olley Jon , Saeck Emily , Sheldon Fran , Smart James , Bunn Stuart
Published: June 2013

Managing receiving-water quality, ecosystem health and ecosystem service delivery is challenging in regions where extreme rainfall and runoff events occur episodically, confounding and often intensifying land-degradation impacts. We synthesize the approaches used in river, reservoir and coastal water management in the event-driven subtropics of Australia, and the scientific research underpinning them. Land-use change has placed the receiving waters of Moreton Bay, an internationally-significant coastal wetland, at risk of ecological degradation through increased nutrient and sediment loads. The event-driven climate exacerbates this issue, as the waterways and ultimately Moreton Bay receive large inputs of nutrients and sediment during events, well above those received throughout stable climatic periods. Research on the water quality and ecology of the region’s rivers and coastal waters has underpinned the development of a world-renowned monitoring program and, in combination with catchment-source tracing methods and modeling, has revealed the key mechanisms and management strategies by which receiving-water quality, ecosystem health and ecosystem services can be maintained and improved. These approaches provide a useful framework for management of water bodies in other regions driven by episodic events, or where novel stressors are involved (e.g., climate change, urbanization), to support sustained ecosystem service delivery and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
La psychologie du talent et de la découverte scientifique
Authors: Vikár Georges , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

Dans un article venant commémorer le 80 e anniversaire d’Imre Hermann, l’auteur résume les recherches que celui-ci a menées sur l’apparition, la nature et la forme du talent. Hermann aborde le problème notamment dans deux ouvrages, l’un sur le mathématicien Fechner (inventeur de la psycho-physique) et l’autre sur le mathématicien hongrois Bolyai, tenant de la géométrie absolue, impliquant le rejet du V e postulat (axiome II) d’Euclide et une nouvelle solution du problème des parallèles.
Sur le début de l'ère de la machine
Authors: Székely Lajos , Stambach D. , Stambach D. , This B.
Published: June 2013

Cette conférence, prononcée essentiellement en l’honneur de Hanns Sachs, fondateur de l’Institut de Berlin, rend hommage aux positions de ce dernier pour expliquer l’intervalle considérable entre la capacité des humains de fabriquer des machines et l’invention effective de ces machines des siècles plus tard. Il illustre son propos par deux cas cliniques détaillés.
Observations psychanalytiques concernant les périodes de créativité d'un jeune savant
Authors: Sonnenfeld-Schiller Ludwig , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

À partir d’une observation clinique très précise, l’auteur s’intéresse à la genèse de la pensée intuitive, au rôle de la sublimation, et à la « neutralisation des énergies agressives » et libidinales qui s’y déploient. Il décrit les moments d’analyse de différentes périodes de créativité, reliées en partie à certains moments de l’histoire psychique du patient ; et il s’attache à comprendre et à analyser les phénomènes accompagnant l’expérience de « transformer le familier en étrange et l’étrange en familier, l’abstrait en concret, et le concret en une abstraction ».
L'instant de création
Authors: This Claude
Published: June 2013

À travers la fresque de Michel-Ange sur le plafond de la chapelle Sixtine, Claude This décrypte pour nous le message que constitue le silence du ciel à nos questionnements, et la richesse de ce silence.
Au-delà du transfert et de l'interprétation
Authors: Greenson Ralph R. , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

C’est un article surprenant pour son époque, car l’auteur parle comme s’il avait lu toute l’œuvre de Ferenczi, jusqu’au Journal clinique et sa correspondance avec Freud. En fait, il a eu le courage de lire dans les conséquences de ses propres interventions et comportements, retrouvant ainsi par lui-même le fameux « Sans sympathie, pas de guérison » du Journal clinique . Par ailleurs, Greenson a aussi pressenti que toute l’idée qu’on se faisait de la formation psychanalytique devait être repensée en fonction de ces propositions. En 1971, l’état d’esprit prôné par Greenson a dû sembler révolutionnaire.
Les aventures psychiques de Sándor Ferenczi
Authors: Fodor Nándor , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

L’article met en évidence l’intérêt de Freud, Ferenczi et Jung pour les phénomènes de spiritisme, d’occultisme, transmission de pensée, etc. À l’époque de cet article, nous n’en connaissions que ce que Jones, très réticent à admettre l’existence d’aucun phénomène qu’il ne puisse expliquer, voulait bien nous en dire. Cet article, décrivant les expériences vécues par les uns et des autres, nous apporte des éléments précieux.
À la mémoire de D. W. Winnicott
Authors: Milner Marion , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

Une des premières phrases de Winnicott citées par Marion Milner pourrait résumer à elle seule une grande partie de son texte : « Ce que vous allez tirer de moi, vous devrez l’extraire du chaos. » Elle dit qu’étant une visuelle, les choses lui apparaissent par images. Et c’est ainsi qu’elle s’exprime dans la première partie de son article. La seconde résume ce qu’elle a appris de Winnicott ou ce qui l’a impressionnée dans ses façons de penser et de faire. Pour y accéder, il est bon de recourir à la méthode recommandée...
Inconscient et thérapeutique médicamenteuse
Authors: Benoît Pierre
Published: June 2013

Cet important extrait d’un ouvrage consacré à une tentative d’exploration de ce qu’est la médecine et le médicament, pour le patient, pour le médecin, pour la société, et aussi pour le corps, bien sûr, peut donner un avant-goût de tout ce que peut apporter de questionnements, de d’hypothèses, de déductions, l’ouvrage rassemblant l’œuvre complète de Pierre Benoit, accessible sous forme de livre 3 .
Le financement des entités fédérées dans l'accord de réformes institutionnelles du 11 octobre 2011
Authors: Bayenet Benoît , Pagano Giuseppe
Published: June 2013

L’accord institutionnel sur la sixième réforme de l’État du 11 octobre 2011 prévoit de transférer aux entités fédérées des compétences représentant environ 17 milliards d’euros, soit une augmentation de plus de 40 % de leurs moyens. La réforme s’accompagne d’une révision en profondeur de la loi spéciale de financement des régions et des communautés, véritable colonne vertébrale financière du pays. Le nouveau système doit répondre à des volontés politiques partiellement contradictoires. D’une part, accroître l’autonomie et la responsabilité des entités fédérées, et rectifier certains effets du mécanisme de solidarité nationale perçus comme des anomalies. D’autre part, préserver les moyens d’action de l’Autorité fédérale, refinancer la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et n’appauvrir structurellement aucune entité fédérée. Les premières revendications sont essentiellement portées par les partis flamands et les secondes par les partis francophones. Le présent Courrier hebdomadaire analyse l’ensemble des modifications introduites par les nouveaux principes de financement des régions et des communautés : impôt des personnes physiques, recettes de TVA, pouvoirs fiscaux, dotations… Pour chaque point, B. Bayenet et G. Pagano présentent la situation actuelle, étudient le contenu de l’accord et indiquent les conséquences qu’auront les changements pour les différentes composantes de l’État. Ils montrent que ce sont la Région wallonne et la Région bruxelloise qui pourraient connaître les évolutions les moins favorables.
Causalité, puissance et lois de la nature chez Leibniz
Authors: Gnassounou Bruno
Published: June 2013

Cet article a pour objet la conception des lois de la nature chez Leibniz, qui sont fondamentalement des expressions d’invariances naturelles. On montre que cette conception ne peut être dissociée de sa conception de l’interaction causale, que, contrairement à une opinion répandue et malgré ce que suggèrent certains de ses écrits, Leibniz n’a jamais rejetée. Cette conception exerce une pression conceptuelle considérable sur sa façon de concevoir les lois de la nature. En effet, la notion moderne de loi de la nature et la notion scolastique d’interaction causale, dont Leibniz a besoin pour penser la force, tirent dans des directions opposées. On montre comment Leibniz transforme les concepts aristotéliciens d’action et de changement, inventant la notion de changement intransitif, pour défendre l’idée que les symétries de la nature sont fondées sur la répartition des activités des substances.
Jean-Baptiste Biot collaborateur du Mercure de France : Vulgarisation et analyse philosophique des sciences
Authors: Segala Marco
Published: June 2013

Entre 1809 et 1815, Jean-Baptiste Biot rédigea dans le Mercure de France des essais et comptes-rendus sur des ouvrages et des activités scientifiques qui contribuèrent à la genèse de certains concepts philosophiques sur les sciences, comme la démarcation entre science et non-science. Conscient de la séparation croissante entre la recherche et sa compréhension par le public, il se proposa de sensibiliser les lecteurs aux progrès des connaissances et à leurs questions méthodiques et philosophiques. Cet article analyse les textes de Biot dans le Mercure de France et en montre l’importance pour la genèse et la diffusion des idées liées à la conception de la science comme profession.
Les points de vue de Poincaré sur la « mécanique nouvelle » et leurs rapports à l'enseignement et à sa pratique scientifique
Authors: Bracco Christian , Provost Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2013

Si Henri Poincaré a consacré un seul article scientifique à la « mécanique nouvelle » en 1905 – intitulé « La dynamique de l’électron » et connu sous le nom de Mémoire de Palerme , que nous avons analysé en 2009 dans cette revue –, il s’est cependant exprimé à son sujet à plusieurs reprises dans des ouvrages à grande diffusion. Ces derniers ont parfois suscité des jugements critiques sur sa compréhension de la relativité, par exemple concernant l’« hypothèse supplémentaire » de la contraction des longueurs, ou encore sa préférence affichée à la fin de conférences pour la mécanique newtonienne « pour ne pas troubler [nos] vieilles habitudes ». Se pose donc naturellement la question des rapports entre le Mémoire (œuvre scientifique), ces textes de vulgarisation des sciences et de leurs méthodes, et la « philosophie » ou l’épistémologie de Poincaré. Si les études sur sa « philosophie » et sa conception des mathématiques, en particulier de la géométrie, sont bien documentées, il nous a semblé que ce n’était pas le cas pour la mécanique. Nous montrerons qu’on ne peut lire les textes généraux de Poincaré sur la mécanique nouvelle en faisant abstraction des liens qui l’unissent à l’enseignement, en particulier dans le contexte de la réforme Leygues de 1902 de l’enseignement secondaire en France. Nous verrons que Poincaré ne fait en général dans ces textes qu’exposer et illustrer pédagogiquement la démarche historique de Hendrik-Antoon Lorentz, afin de familiariser son lectorat avec les nouvelles connaissances et sans reprendre ses propres apports théoriques du Mémoire , et que ses conclusions ne concernent que l’enseignement. Compte tenu de son importance et des questionnements qu’elle suscite encore aujourd’hui, nous revenons sur sa conférence « L’espace et le temps » de 1912. Elle témoigne de l’influence profonde de la « relativité physique  » (de Lorentz) sur sa vision de la géométrie (appel aux lois physiques plutôt qu’aux instruments pour définir le groupe pertinent) et sur la signification du principe de relativité (existence de petits mondes indépendants) ; elle permet de mieux envisager ce qu’aurait pu être sa position vis-à-vis de la théorie de la relativité générale qui allait naître trois ans après.
Ciencia y ser: paradoja e ironía en el Prometheus goetheano
Authors: Castillo Morquecho Víctor
Published: June 2013

En este trabajo se parte del estudio de la figura de Prometeo durante la Ilustración, para entender su inserción en el contexto germano del Sturm und Drang. El énfasis recae en el Prometheus goetheano y en la relación que en esta obra se descubre entre el acto de conocer, la Naturaleza, y la realización del ser. Aquí, Prometeo es la figura del hombre ilustrado que busca superar, mediante la ciencia, las condiciones naturales y romper todo tipo de cadenas (políticas, religiosas, morales), pero este afán se ve siempre atravesado por «fuerzas irracionales». ¿Qué es lo que el hombre ha de aprender acerca de sí, dada la paradójica e irónica condición expresada en el Prometheus? Es lo que a continuación se espera responder.
Genealogía hipnótica del mito del zombi: The Magic Island (1929)
Authors: Carcavilla Puey Lorenzo
Published: June 2013

Este es el primero de una serie de artículos en los que se pretende estudiar la historia y la significación psicológica del “mito del zombi” a través del análisis de sus elementos alegóricos y simbólicos partiendo de una conceptualización de “mito” extraída de las nociones de la psicología analítica de Jung y de la historia de las religiones de Eliade. Aquí profundizaremos en la genealogía simbólica que antecede y se inserta en la concepción del zombi en The Magic Island de Seabrook (primer texto donde aparece el zombi como muerto viviente) a través del análisis comparativo con el sonámbulo de la literatura y cinematografía del “lado oscuro del magnetismo animal y la hipnosis” y su relación con el autómata.
Estudios sobre De Materia Medica de Dioscórides en la era islámica
Authors: Vedat Yildirim Rifat
Published: June 2013

Pedanius Dioscórides fue médico cirujano en el ejército romano en el siglo I d.C. Su gran obra llamada De Materia Medica es conocida como la principal fuente de farmacopea de la antigüedad. Dioscórides fue el inventor de la materia medica, y aprovechó sus extensos viajes para dedicarse al estudio de las plantas. Dioscórides fue considerado una eminencia en el tema de las drogas de origen natural a lo largo de dieciséis siglos. De Materia Medica sirvió como piedra angular para los textos farmacéuticos y herbarios tanto en occidente como en oriente y fue traducida al siríaco, árabe y persa, además de al latín. La particular característica de la terapia médica en la época medieval fue el uso extensivo de todo tipo de drogas. Por esta razón, además de estudiarse minuciosamente, De Materia Medica de Dioscórides se convirtió también en un libro de texto al que frecuentemente hacían referencia los científicos turco-islámicos en sus escrituras.
El discurso higiénico como argumento moralizante de la mujer: “La Higiene del Bello Sexo” de Ramón Hernández Poggio (1847)
Authors: Bernal Borrego Encarnación , Calero Delgado María Luisa
Published: June 2013

El presente trabajo analiza la obra “Cartas a Clemencia, sobre la higiene del bello secso (sic)”de Ramón Hernández Poggio, donde se corrobora cómo la mujer en el siglo XIX se convierte en eje central de las publicaciones científicas o pseudo-científicas y, en concreto, en objeto tanto de estudio como de intervención por parte del médico, que como garante de unos conocimientos técnicos intenta mantener el orden burgués establecido, no dudando en utilizar la higiene como mecanismo de control, proscribiendo teatro, música, lecturas, banquetes y un sinfín de actividades que apartan a la mujer del ámbito del hogar y de su verdadera “misión”, de madre y esposa.
Entre controversias científico-médicas y movilizaciones populares. Población epidémica y vacunas contra la fiebre hemorrágica argentina 1958-1990
Authors: Agnese Graciela
Published: June 2013

La irrupción y la progresiva extensión de una nueva enfermedad epidémica, como ha sido la Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina, a partir de la década del ’50, impulsó la investigación científica médica con el objetivo fundamental de encontrar una vacuna. En el período 1959-1990 se desarrollaron tres proyectos de vacunas con distintos resultados. El objetivo de este artículo es considerar las conductas asumidas por la población epidémica en torno a las tres vacunas atendiendo a las tensiones existentes entre la población y los médicos e investigadores a cargo de las campañas de vacunación; las pugnas entre los distintos grupos científicos; el rol de la prensa y del estado.
The metaphor of light embedded in the Johannine prologue, Part 1: The Light before the incarnation
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk G. , Albalaa Pierre Y.
Published: June 2013

This is the first of two articles on how the Fourth Evangelist has ingeniously embedded the light metaphor in the prologue of the Fourth Gospel. The prologue is replete with this metaphor. A thorough discourse analysis explores the text’s inner texture to determine the rhetoric and network of semantic relations, regarding light as the subject. From here the text’s sacred texture is investigated. Various theological themes are interwoven into the text, with light being a consistent, embedded metaphor, embracing a wealth of facets and interpretations. This research focuses on the embedded light metaphor in the Johannine prologue as it relates to the Logos’s ontological identity and functionality before his incarnation.Hierdie is die eerste van twee artikels om aan te toon hoe die vierde Evangelis vindingryk die lig-metafoor in die proloog van die vierde Evangelie ingebed het. Die proloog is gevul met hierdie metafoor. Deur middel van ‘n behoorlike diskoersanalise is die diepte-struktuur van die teks ondersoek om die retoriek en netwerk van semantiese verhoudings vanaf die perspektief van lig as onderwerp te bepaal. Hierna is die teologiese-struktuur van die teks ondersoek. Verskeie teologiese temas is in die teks verweef, met ‘lig’ as ‘n konstante verankerde metafoor wat ‘n rykdom van fasette en interpretasie insluit. Hierdie navorsing fokus op die ingebedheid van die lig-metafoor in die Johannese proloog soos wat dit verband hou met die ontologiese identiteit en funksionaliteit van die Woord voor die inkarnasie.
Gas exchange and yield inMiscanthusspecies for three years at two locations in Poland
Authors: Głowacka Katarzyna , Jeżowski Stanisław , Kaczmarek Zygmunt
Published: June 2013

Głowacka, K., Jeżowski, S. and Kaczmarek, Z. 2013. Gas exchange and yield in Miscanthus species for three years at two locations in Poland. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 627–637. The influence of gas exchange parameters on yields of six Miscanthus clones were evaluated in two locations over three years. Five out of six genotypes had significant increases in the photosynthetic rate and intrinsic water use efficiency between the third and first or third and second years, while intercellular CO2concentration and stomatal conductance decreased. In addition, the multiple regression analyses of yields on parameters showed that the type of the correlation coefficients for transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2concentration varied throughout the years. The strongest correlation (0.86) between yield and photosynthetic rate was found for 3-year-old plants.
The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152.Artemisia biennisWilld.
Authors: Kegode G. O. , Darbyshire S. J.
Published: June 2013

Kegode, G. O. and Darbyshire, S. J. 2013. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152. Artemisia biennis Willd. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 643–658. Artemisia biennis Willd. (biennial wormwood, armoise bisannuelle) is an annual or biennial species native to western North America. Closely related species occur in Eurasia and South America which are sometimes considered conspecific. Spreading elsewhere in North America occurred along transportation corridors soon after European settlement and it has since been introduced to other parts of the world. As an economically important weed its impact appears to be increasing, possibly due in part to reduced tillage practices. The most significantly affected regions are the Prairie Provinces of Canada and the northern Great Plains in the United States. Many cereal, oilseed, pulse, vegetable and forage crops are affected where it can reduce yields at relatively low densities. A wide range of soil and moisture conditions are tolerated and it can form dense populations in disturbed habitats where its competitive ability is enhanced by prolific seed production, indeterminate seedling emergence and allelopathic effects. Although tolerant of a number of herbicides in different classes, good control can be achieved through careful timing and split application strategies.
Cloning and differential expression of a plum single repeat-MYB,PdMYB3, in compatible and incompatible interactions during fungal infection
Authors: El-kereamy Ashraf , Jayasankar Subramanian
Published: June 2013

El-kereamy, A. and Jayasankar, S. 2013. Cloning and differential expression of a plum single repeat-MYB, PdMYB3, in compatible and incompatible interactions during fungal infection. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 599–605. Enhancing resistance to pathogen attack through conventional breeding is a major challenge, especially in perennial species. Monilinia fructicola fungal infection causes brown rot disease, resulting in economic damage of stone fruits at flowering, pre- and post-harvest stages. The molecular mechanism of resistance to this disease is still not known. In the present study, we cloned and analyzed the expression of a novel MYB transcription factor from European plums (PdMYB3) induced in response to M. fructicola fungal infection. The identified PdMYB3 is a single repeat-MYB protein that contains a conserved SHAQKYF motif. Monilinia fructicola infection induces the expression of PdMYB3 in fruits of four cultivars within 24 h; however, it is differentially expressed in the susceptible and resistant varieties. By comparing four different cultivars we found that PdMYB3 is induced in much higher levels in the susceptible cultivars than the resistant ones. In addition the PdMYB3 expression is higher in the early stages of fruit development prior to pit hardening, suggesting a potential role for PdMYB3 during this stage. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of some hormone cis-elements suggesting a possible role for PdMYB3 gene in transmitting a signal from the hormonal pathways to downstream components during host-pathogen interactions.
Body Mass Index is not an Independent Predictor for Missed Injury on Chest X-ray compared with Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Anand Rahul , Aboutanos Michel , Ivatury Rao , Vanguri Poornima
Published: June 2013

Objective

Obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the polytraumatized patient. The aim of this study is to determine if obesity is an independent risk factor for missed injury in chest X-ray after trauma.

Materials and methods

Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented to a level one trauma center as the higher acuity alerts from September 2010 to July 2011. We compared the chest X-ray with the chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Variables, such as age, BMI, mechanism, admission to the ICU and mortality during the same hospital stay, were evaluated.

Results

A total of 224 patients met these criteria. The majority of patients were of male gender (79%). Average age was 40 years. Average ISS was 19.7. Mean BMI was 26.7 with 103 patients with BMI < 25 and with 123 patients with BMI >25. Mechanisms included blunt (n = 167), penetrating (n = 50) and burns (n = 7). A total of 123 patients (54.4%) had undiagnosed thoracic injuries by chest X-ray that were found on chest CT scan. Eighty-five percent of patients with missed injuries on chest X-ray required ICU admission as a result of the thoracic trauma. Missed injuries were as follows; rib fractures with or without flail chest (n = 62), pneumothorax (n = 40), hemothorax (n = 42), sternal fracture (n = 15), pulmonary lacerations/contusion (n = 60), great vessel injuries (n = 6), and blunt ventricular rupture (n = 1). Strikingly, there was no significant difference in missed injury, ICU admission or mortality when obese patients were compared to nonobese patients.

Conclusion

Chest X-ray undermines the degree of injury in blunt trauma patients. BMI is not an independent predictor of missed injury, ICU admission or mortality during the same hospital stay.

How to cite this article

Vanguri P, Anand R, Aboutanos M, Ivatury R, Ferrada P. Body Mass Index is not an Independent Predictor for Missed Injury on Chest X-ray compared with Chest Computed Tomography. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):45-48.
Análise da Gasometria e dos Níveis de Lactato Na Hipertensão Intra-abdominal Associada à Sepse Abdominal: Modelo Experimental em Ratos
Authors: Rojas Pedro Hurtado , Tannous Luana Alves , Bahten Luiz C Von , Villegas Felipe Castro , Gasparetto Juliano
Published: June 2013

Introdução

A hipertensão intra-abdominal e a sepse são condições clínicas de grande importância e alta prevalência em pacientes criticamente enfermos. O diagnóstico precoce permite um tratamento adequado e a melhora do prognóstico dos doentes.

Objetivo

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os níveis de lactato e os componentes da gasometria em ratos submetidos à sepse e à hipertensão intra-abdominal.

Método

O experimento utilizou 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em 4 grupos: controle, grupo sepse, grupo hipertensão intra-abdominal e grupo sepse + hipertensão intra-abdominal. A sepse foi induzida pela ligadura e punção do ceco e a hipertensão intra-abdominal foi gerada pela injeção intraperitoneal de gelatina fluída modificada para manutenção de uma pressão de 15 mm Hg durante o tempo de observação de 6 horas. Após esse período, uma dosagem de lactato e gasometria mista foram obtidas por punção intracardíaca e a eutanásia ocorreu por macrodose anestésica.

Resultados

Os resultados da comparação do grupo controle com o grupo hipertensão intra-abdominal e hipertensão intra-abdominal + sepse mostraram diferença significativa (p < 0,001) nos valores de pH, excesso de base e bicarbonato, definindo acidose metabólica nos dois grupos do experimento. Não houve diferença dos níveis de lactato entre os grupos (p > 0,4). A comparação entre os parâmetros gasométricos do grupo controle e do grupo sepse não foi significativa para demonstrar acidose metabólica.

Conclusão

A gasometria é um marcador precoce e efetivo para hipoperfusão tecidual em ratos submetidos à hipertensão intra-abdominal.
A method for sizing submicrometer particles in air collected on formvar films and imaged by scanning electron microscope
Authors: Hamacher-Barth E. , Jansson K. , Leck C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Here we present a method to systematically investigate single aerosol particles collected on formvar film supported by a copper grid, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) operating at low accelerating voltage. The method enabled us to observe the surface of the sample grid at high resolution. Subsequent processing of the images with digital image analysis provided a statistically and quantitative size resolved information on the particle population including their morphology on the film. The quality of the presented method was established using polystyrene nanospheres as standards in the size range expected for ambient aerosol particles over remote marine areas (20–900 nm in diameter). The sizing was found to be critically dependent on the contrasting properties of the particles towards the collection substrate. The relative standard deviation of the diameters of polystyrene nanospheres was better than 10% for sizes larger than 40 nm and 18% for 21 nm particles compared with the manufacturer's certificate. The size distributions derived from the microscope images of airborne aerosols collected during a research expedition to north of 80° N in the summer of 2008 were compared with simultaneously collected number particle size distributions seen by a Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer. We captured a representative fraction of the aerosol particles with SEM and were able to causally relate the determined morphological properties of the aerosol under investigation to aerosol transformation processes in air being advected from the marginal ice edge/open sea south of 80° N.
Diversity, distribution and spatial structure of the cold-water coral fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Braga-Henriques A. , Porteiro F. M. , Ribeiro P. A. , de Matos V. , Sampaio Í. , Ocaña O. , Santos R. S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Cold-water corals are widely considered as important structural components of benthic habitats, potentially enhancing local abundance in a variety of fish and invertebrate species. Yet, current knowledge of the taxonomic diversity and distribution patterns of these vulnerable, slow-growing organisms is scarce and fragmented, limiting the effectiveness of spatial management and conservation measures. We have conducted an exhaustive compilation of records of alcyonaceans, antipatharians, scleractinians and stylasterids available through present day to assess the diversity, distribution and spatial structure of coral assemblages in the Azores exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The resulting database comprises 2501 entries concerning historical oceanographic expeditions and other published sources, as well as unpublished data from bottom longline by-catch. Our taxonomic inventory appears to be fairly complete for the explored habitats, accounting for 164 species (79 alcyonaceans, 58 scleractinians, 18 antipatharians and 9 stylasterids), nine of which were documented for the first time. The Azores EEZ harbours a mixed coral fauna with several zoogeographic origins, showing the closest affinity with the Lusitanian–Mediterranean region. Very few apparent endemics were found (14%), and only in part supported by consistent sampling. Coral diversity is particularly high between 300 and 900 m depths, in areas recognized as traditional fishing grounds or exploitable fish habitat within the 100-mile limit of the EEZ. The composition of coral assemblages shows significant geographical structure among longitudinal sections of the study area at comparable depths (100–1500 m). There is no evidence of a possible role of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or latitudinal effects underlying this pattern, which suggests that it may instead reflect assemblage variability among features. Stronger changes in species composition were found along the bathymetric gradient. Notwithstanding the mix of partially overlapping steno- and eurybathic species that characterize the vertical distribution of corals, there is a distinct transition from shallow (100–600 m) to intermediate (600–1000 m) depths. The analysis presented here constitutes a valuable contribution for efficient conservation policies of coral-associated vulnerable marine ecosystems and their sustainable use as fishing areas.
Forward modeling analysis of regional scale tree-ring patterns around the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Northwest China
Authors: Gou X. , Zhou F. , Zhang Y. , Chen Q. , Zhang J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The process-based Vaganov–Shashkin (VS) model was used to simulate regional patterns of climate-tree growth relationships linking daily length, temperature and precipitation from meteorological data (AD 1957–2000) over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results exhibit that the leading principle component of the hypothetical growth curves is broadly consistent with that of the actual tree-ring chronologies, demonstrating the interpretability of the simulations as an accurate representation of the climatic controls on tree growth of Qilian Juniper. Output from this model both agrees well with the statistical relationships between tree-ring growth and climate factors as well as observational physiological behavior, i.e. precipitation in June acts as the most contributing role in annual ring formation of Qilian Juniper over the northeastern TP. The non-stationary and nonlinear response of tree growth to climate variability has important implications for calibration of tree-ring records for paleoclimate reconstructions and prediction for forest carbon sequestration.
Quantitative and qualitative constraints on hind-casting the formation of multiyear lake-ice covers at Lake El'gygytgyn
Authors: Nolan M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Analysis of the 3.6 Ma, 318 m long sediment core from Lake El'gygytgyn suggests that the lake was covered by ice for millennia at a time for much of its history and therefore this paper uses a suite of existing, simple, empirical degree-day models of lake-ice growth and decay to place quantitative constraints on air temperatures needed to maintain a permanent ice cover on the lake. We also provide an overview of the modern climatological and physical processes that relate to lake-ice growth and decay as a basis for evaluating past climate and environmental conditions. Our modeling results indicate that modern annual mean air temperature would only have to be reduced by 3.3 °C ± 0.9 °C to initiate a multiyear ice cover and a temperature reduction of at least 5.5 °C ± 1.0 °C is likely needed to completely eliminate direct air–water exchange of oxygen, conditions that have been inferred at Lake El'gygytgyn from the analysis of sediment cores. Once formed, a temperature reduction of only 1–3 °C relative to modern may be all that is required to maintain multiyear ice. We also found that formation of multiyear ice covers requires that positive degree days are reduced by about half the modern mean, from about +608 to +322. A multiyear ice cover can persist even with summer temperatures sufficient for a two-month long thawing period, including a month above +4 °C. Thus, it is likely that many summer biological processes and some lake-water warming and mixing may still occur beneath multiyear ice-covers even if air–water exchange of oxygen is severely restricted.
Synoptic climatology and recent climate trends at Lake El'gygytgyn
Authors: Nolan M. , Cassano E. N. , Cassano J. J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We developed a synoptic climatology for Lake El'gygytgyn, Chukotka Russia, and explored modern climate trends affecting air temperatures there to aid in paleoclimate reconstructions of a 3.6 million-year-old sediment core taken from the lake. Our self-organized mapping (SOM) approach identified 35 synoptic weather patterns, based on sea level pressure, that span the range of synoptic patterns influencing the study domain over the 1961–2009 NCEP/NCAR analysis period. We found strong seasonality in modern weather patterns, with summer weather primarily characterized by weak low pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean or Siberia and winter weather primarily characterized by strong high pressure over the Arctic Ocean and strong low pressure in the Pacific Ocean. In general, the primary source of variation in air temperatures came from the dominant patterns in each season, which we identify in the text, and nearly all of the dominant weather patterns here have shown increasing temperatures. We found that nearly all of the warming in mean annual temperature over the past 50 yr (about 3 °C) occurred during sub-freezing conditions on either side of summer (that is, spring and fall). Here we found that the most summer-like weather patterns (low pressures to the north) in the shoulder seasons were responsible for much of the change. Finally, we compared the warmest 15 yr of the record (1995–2009) to the coolest (1961–1975) and found that changes in thermodynamics of weather were about 3 to 300 times more important than changes in frequency of weather patterns in controlling temperature variations during spring and fall, respectively. That is, in the modern record, general warming (local or advected) is more important by orders of magnitude than changes in storm tracks in controlling air temperature at Lake El'gygytgyn. We conclude with a discussion of how these results may be relevant to the paleoclimate reconstruction efforts and how this relevancy could be tested further.
RIMBAY – a multi-physics 3-D ice-dynamics model for comprehensive applications: model-description and examples
Authors: Thoma M. , Grosfeld K. , Barbi D. , Determann J. , Göller S. , Mayer C. , Pattyn F.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Glaciers and ice caps exhibit currently the largest cryospheric contributions to sea level rise. Modelling the dynamics and mass balance of the major ice sheets is therefore an important issue to investigate the current state and the future response of the cryosphere in response to changing environmental conditions, namely global warming. This requires a powerful, easy-to-use, scalable multi-physics ice dynamics model. Based on the well-known and established ice sheet model of Pattyn (2003) we develop the modular multi-physics thermomechanic ice model RIMBAY, in which we improve the original version in several aspects like a shallow-ice–shallow-shelf coupler and a full 3-D-grounding-line migration scheme based on Schoof's (2007) heuristic analytical approach. We summarise the Full–Stokes equations and several approximations implemented within this model and we describe the different numerical discretisations. The results are cross-validated against previous publications dealing with ice modelling, and some additional artificial set-ups demonstrate the robustness of the different solvers and their internal coupling. RIMBAY is designed for an easy adaption to new scientific issues. Hence, we demonstrate in very different set-ups the applicability and functionality of RIMBAY in Earth system science in general and ice modelling in particular.
Can vesicle size distributions predict eruption intensity during volcanic activity?
Authors: LaRue A. , Baker D. R. , Polacci M. , Allard P. , Sodini N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We studied three-dimensional (3-D) vesicle size distributions by X-ray microtomography in scoria collected during the relatively quiescent Phase II of the 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland. Our goal was to compare the vesicle size distributions (VSDs) measured in these samples with those found in Stromboli volcano, Italy. Stromboli was chosen because its VSDs are well-characterized and show a correlation with eruption intensity: typical Strombolian activity produces VSDs with power-law exponents near 1, whereas larger and more energetic Vulcanian-type explosions and Plinian eruptions produce VSDs with power-law exponents near 1.5. The hypothesis to be tested was whether or not the samples studied in this work would contain VSDs similar to normal Strombolian products, display higher power-law exponents, or be described by exponential functions. Before making this comparison we tested the hypothesis that the phreatomagmatic nature of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption might have a significant effect on the VSDs. We performed 1 atm bubble-growth experiments in which the samples were inundated with water and compared them to similar, control, experiments without water inundation. No significant differences between the VSDs of the two sets of experiments were found, and the hypothesis is not supported by the experimental evidence; therefore, VSDs of magmatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions can be directly compared. The Phase II Eyjafjallajökull VSDs are described by power law exponents of ~ 0.8, typical of normal Strombolian eruptions. The comparable VSDs and behavior of Phase II of the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption to Stromboli are interpreted to be a reflection of similar conduit systems in both volcanoes that are being constantly fed by the ascent of deep magma that mixes with resident magma at shallow depths. Such behavior implies that continued activity during Phase II of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption could be expected and would have been predicted, had our VSDs been measured in real time during the eruption. However, the products studied show no peculiar feature that could herald renewed eruption intensity observed in the following Phase III of the eruption.
Impacts of mean annual air temperature change on a regional permafrost probability model for the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Bonnaventure P. P. , Lewkowicz A. G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Air temperature changes were applied to a regional model of permafrost probability under equilibrium conditions for an area of nearly 0.5 × 106 km2 in the southern Yukon and northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Associated environmental changes, including snow cover and vegetation, were not considered in the modelling. Permafrost extent increases from 58% of the area (present day: 1971–2000) to 76% under a −1 K cooling scenario, whereas warming scenarios decrease the percentage of permafrost area exponentially to 38% (+ 1 K), 24% (+ 2 K), 17% (+ 3 K), 12% (+ 4 K) and 9% (+ 5 K) of the area. The morphology of permafrost gain/loss under these scenarios is controlled by the surface lapse rate (SLR, i.e. air temperature elevation gradient), which varies across the region below treeline. Areas that are maritime exhibit SLRs characteristically similar above and below treeline resulting in low probabilities of permafrost in valley bottoms. When warming scenarios are applied, a loss front moves to upper elevations (simple unidirectional spatial loss). Areas where SLRs are gently negative below treeline and normal above treeline exhibit a loss front moving up-mountain at different rates according to two separate SLRs (complex unidirectional spatial loss). Areas that display high continentally exhibit bidirectional spatial loss in which the loss front moves up-mountain above treeline and down-mountain below treeline. The parts of the region most affected by changes in MAAT (mean annual air temperature) have SLRs close to 0 K km−1 and extensive discontinuous permafrost, whereas the least sensitive in terms of areal loss are sites above the treeline where permafrost presence is strongly elevation dependent.
Usage of quality indicators in hospital nursing services in Brazil
Authors: Gabriel Carmen Silvia , Ramos Daniele , Boldrini Andrea , Kempfer Silvana Silveira , Bernardes Andrea , Rocha Fernanda Ludmila Rossi
Published: June 2013

Quality indicators are tools to measure the quality of care. Objective: To identify the quality indicators adopted by nursing services of hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional, non-experimental, descriptive and quantitative approach, performed in seventeen teaching hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using a questionnaire answered by the head of the Nursing Service. Results: Only 5.9% of hospital nursing services do not adopt indicators, showing concern for the quality of care. There is a preference for the adoption of care indicators. Conclusion: A culture of adoption and analysis of indicators exists in hospital nursing services and the indicators are related to classical nursing care processes, with less emphasis on the adoption of indicators related to human resource management and user satisfaction.
Nectary structure in Symphyglossum sanguineum (Rchb.f. ) Schltr. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Stpiczyńska Małgorzata , Davies Kevin L.
Published: June 2013

Ornithophily occurs in a great number of orchid species but despite this, researchers have largely neglected to investigate their nectaries. The aim of this study is to describe the nectary structure of Symphyglossum sanguineum, a species presumed to be pollinated by hummingbirds. The nectary is located at the free margins of auricles, which form a channel for the passage of nectar. The nectary, which consists of a single-layered epidermis and 2-3 layers of subepidermal cells, is supplied by collateral, vascular bundles. The nectary cells of S. sanguineum, like those of other ornithophilous orchids, have thick cellulose cell walls. A remarkable feature of these nectary cells is the dissolution of the middle lamella and the subsequent separation of epidermal cells. It is possible that this latter process facilitates the flow of the nectar to the nectary surface. The cuticle covering the nectary epidermis has micro-channels, but unlike the other species of ornithophilous orchids studied to date, it neither becomes disrupted nor detached from the epidermal cells. Abundant mitochondria, lipid droplets and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) with an osmiophilic material are present in the cytoplasm of nectary cells. Some plastids with few lamellae contain numerous vesicles and osmiophillic globules whereas others accumulate starch. SER lamellae are often closely associated with plastids and the contents of the former organelles closely resemble osmiophillic globules. Secretory vesicles are common, especially near the outer, tangential wall indicating that granulocrine secretion possibly occurs in S. sanguineum.
Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) floral nectaries
Authors: Sulborska Aneta , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta
Published: June 2013

The studies focused on the morphological and anatomical features as well as those related to the ultrastructure of nectary cells Achillea millefolium Asteraceae family. The nectary presence was confirmed only in the disk flowers at the pistil style base. The micromorphology of nectaries was investigated in SEM, and structure was observed in a light and transmission electron microscopes. A number of layers composing a gland, the size and shape of epidermal and glandular cells were determined. The secretory cell ultrastructure was analyzed. The discoidal nectary gland observed from above had a pentagonal shape, 181.5 µm height and 299.4 µm diameter. It was built of the monolayer epidermis and 6 layers of the secretory cells on average. The glandular cells appeared to be bigger (27 µm) than the epidermal cells (22 µm), a cell shape in both tissues differed as well. The nectar secretion occured through the modified stomata. The stomata cells were at distinguishable greater size and raised above the surface of epidermis. The nectaries were supplied by the vascular bundles running from the pistil style up to the nectary base, not getting into the gland. In the cells of the nectary epidermis observed in TEM the big cell nuclei, numerous plastids, mitochondria and vacuoles with fibrous secretion deposits and vesicular structures were found. In the cells of the nectary secretory tissue there were dense cytoplasm, many plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and the extensive network of the endoplasmic reticulum.