bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual pluralism in foreign philosophy and sociology of law: history and modernity
Authors: Kovalev Andrei Andreevich
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes conceptual representations of the prominent foreign philosophers of law as a reality of social existence and a form of collective consciousness, which are traditionally attributed to philosophy and sociology of law. The goal of this research consists in the following: 1) assess the attitude of analytical jurisprudence towards theoretical integration of various aspects of law by analogy with the sociology of law; 2) follow the correlation between philosophical and sociological approaches towards interpretation of socio-legal meanings of modernity; 3) analyze the dependence of development of the philosophy of law, which was often searching for explanations in distinct underlying logic inherent to practice of law, on the sociology of law, which tends to comprehend  law in relation to various aspects of organization of social life (including professional legal and administrative practice). The novelty of this of this work is defined by the following aspects. The article makes an attempt of comprehensive analyze of various approaches and theories, as well as assesses feasibility of examination of questions of social and legal nature in the context of sociology of law. Attention is given to the experience of Western law, which in the author’s opinion virtually implies national state law, i.e. what British philosopher, the founder of legal positivism John Austin, called independent political societies. The article reveals the question of critical potential of sociology of law, which criticized the assumption that nature of the social is not a problem for legal theory
Landscape in space and landscape space (Anglo-American historiography)
Authors: Kibasova Galina Petrovna , Galkova Ol'ga Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

The subject of this research is analysis of the problem of interaction between cultural landscape and space in the Anglo-American literature. Special attention is given to examination of concepts that interpret space as encompassing both, physical and symbolic components, which create the concepts of space as the network of relations. Particular interest of researchers towards determination of interconnection between the communities, their habitats and weakening of these interconnection in the process of globalization. Analyzing the problem of the “sense of place”, the author refers to the concept of design of space. Characteristics is given to different positions on the question of correlation of landscape and space. The authors highlight actively developing phenomenological approach towards studying cultural landscape. Since the metaphor of palimpsest is crucial in disclosure of the essence of landscape, consideration of space as a multilayered phenomenon that incorporates past and current functions, ideologies and physical contexts as an intertext, is demonstrated. The conclusion is made that one of the most promising trends is the understanding of landscape space as relational, when the landscape is viewed as a product of practice, trajectory and interconnection. Relational representations on the constantly changing world to a significant extent are formed by the actor-network theory, the “theory of becoming” or “new vitalism”, and hybrid geography. The actor-network theory is intended for overcoming the perceptions of world as comprised of discrete and limited objects, and suggest seeing the world comprised of networks. Each object or person can be interpreted as the cumulative result of network relations, and the sense of individuality and will is merely a relational effect.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND PHASE TRANSITIONS OF 2LiIO3 HIO3
Authors: LIANG JING-KUI  , YU YU-DE  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The phase equilibrium of pseudo-binary system LiIO3-HIO3 has been investigated by means of DTA, TGA and X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties and crystal structures of solid solutions based on α-LiIO3 and 2LiIO3 ·HIO3 are studied. 2LiIO3·HIO3 is isomorphic with α-LiIO3, belonging to hexagonal system. The space group is P63. The lattice parameters are: a=5.555?, c=4.953?. The parameter c decreases and parameter a increases with the HIO3 content. Compared with α-LiIO3, IO3- group expands along plane x-y and compressed along z-axis, i.e., the bond angle O-I-O becomes larger. 2LiIO3 ·HIO3 which is physicochemically different from α-LiIO3, is a new compound in the system LiIO3-HIO3, 2LiIO3·HIO3 does not form continuous solid solution with LilO3.
A SCHEME FOR OPTICAL REALIZATION OF WALSH TRANSFORMATION
Authors: YANG GUO-ZHEN  , PAN SHAO-HUA  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we analyse the problem of the optical realization of Walsh transformation, and give the design of the optical system which is composed of holographic lenses and can be used to realize the 8×8 complex Walsh transformation in two-dimensional space.
A NOTE ON THE RADIUS OF CONVERGENCE OF THE SERIES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
Authors: LEI XIAO-LIN  ,   中国科学院上海冶金研究所
Published: December 2020

It is pointed out that zph≡F(-ωph-2 is generally a branch point of the inverse function of the function z=F(y)≡∫0(ωph)(ω2y)/(ω2y+1)g(ω)dω, where g(ω) is the normalized effective phonon spectral function of the system. There-fore it should be taken into account in evaluating the radius of convergence of the series for superconducting critical temperature of the system.
THE HIGH PRESSURE DEVICE OF DIAMOND ANVIL AND THE OBSERVATION OF PHASE TRANSITION OF IODINE AND SULPHUR
Authors: HU JING-ZHU  , TANG RU-MING  , XU JI-AN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

Using the method of pressing the spring by worm and worm gear, the loading can be made continuous and stable and we can observe the process of phase transition of materials in the high pressure device of diamond anvil. The process of metallization phase transition of iodine and sulphur are observed clearly.
ELECTRONIC STATES IN SYSTEMS WITH RECONSTRUCTED OVERLAYERS
Authors: ZHENG WEI-MOU  ,   中国科学院理论物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The electronic states in systems with reconstructed overlayers have been treated by Y. Muda and T. Hanawa. By means of a different method which is very effective for one-dimensional chain problems and through a simpler derivation the same results are obtained.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTIONAL ALLOYS
Authors: LEI XIAO-LIN  ,   中国科学院上海冶金研究所
Published: December 2020

The Ziman-type resistivity theory developed in reference [1] for disordered crystalline alloys is extended to the systems in which the long range order exists, so that it can be applied to the crystalline pure metals and ordered and disordered substitutional alloys. On the basis of this theory, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the resistivity in these systems within the one-phonon approximation. It is emphasized that the superstructure peaks in the structure factors of alloys would give a significant contribution to their phonon-induced electrical resistivity. On account of its T2 behavior and its being much larger than that due to electron-electron scattering, the electron-phonon resistivity contributed by superstructure peaks would play an important role in the temperature dependence of resistivity in alloys, which behaves as ρ≈ρ0+ρa(T/Θ)2+ρi(T/Θ)5 in a relatively low temperature range. Therefore the anomaly in low temperature resistivity of some A-15 compounds can easily be explained with our model. As an example, the low temperature expression for resistivity of alloys is fitted to the V3Si data of Milewits, the theory is found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
A GENERALLIZED COEFFICIENT FORMULA OF THE THIRD ORDER MAGNETIC DEFLECTION ABERRATION AND IT'S RELATIONS WITH THE RASTER PATTERN PRODUCED BY THE IN-LINE GUN
Authors: DING SHOU-QIAN  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the generalization of the third order aberrations of magnetic deflection to the situation when the electron beam is originally immersed in a magnetic field. The formulae of third order magnetic deflection aberration coefficients in an arbitrary plane have been derived. The formulae are simplified and hence easy for calculation. These aberration coefficients have been applied to analyse the raster patterns produced by the in-line guns.
X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF MIXED BISMUTH OXIDE FERROELECTRICS WITH LAYER TYPE STRUCTURE PbBi4Ti4O15 AND SrBi4Ti4O15
Authors: GUO CHANG-LIN  , WU YU-QIN  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: December 2020

The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of mixed bismuth oxide ferroelectrics with layer type structure PbBi4Ti4O15 and SrBi4Ti4O15 were obtained with a counter diffractometer and a Guinier focusing camera using Cu Ka radiation. The detail indexed powder diffraction data of 88 and 76 diffraction lines of which d value are larger than 1.13? were given. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system with a space group of Bb21m(C2v12). The lattice parameters and density calculated from X-ray measurements are:PbBi4Ti4O15: a = 5.431?, a = 5.459?,c = 41.36?;Z = 4;DX = 7.986g/cm3. SrBi4Ti4O15;a = 5.428?, 6 = 5.438?, c = 40.94?;Z = 4; Dx = 7.447g/cm3.
A STUDY OF INTERNAL FRICTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION AT LOW FREQUENCY
Authors: WANG YE-NING  , ZHOU YI-FENG  , ZHANG ZHI-FANG  ,   南京大学固体物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The internal friction peak associated with the process of martensite and reverse martensite transformation in Au-Cd alloy were measured by torsion pendulum. There is a linear relation between the peak value and rate of heating. The stable peak (heating rate=0) is much higher than that of Fe-Mn alloy and the internal friction value is independent of frequency which is characteristic of static hysteresis loss. The height of the internal friction peak is related to the grain size of Martensites. There also appears a peak during the process of isothermal martensite transition According to these experimental results, we attributed this internal friction induced by martensite transition to those movable coherent interface under the action of vibrating stress.
A PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE ALLOYS OF THE TERNARY SYSTEM OF THE ALUMINIUM-COPPER-GALLIUM
Authors: PAN YU-YING  , ZHENG JIAN-XUAN  ,   广西大学物理系
Published: December 2020

A phase diagram of the alloys of the Al-Cu-Ga ternary system has been determined by using X-ray analysis.The isothermal section at room temperature was found to consist of eleven single-phase regions (i.e. α, γ2, γ′, δ, ζ1, ζ2, η2, θ, θ′,αA1 and Ga), fourteen two-phase regions (i. e.α + ζ1, α+ γ2, α + γ′, γ2 + γ′, γ′+ ζ1, γ2+δ, γ′+δ,δ +ζ2, ζ2+η2, η2+θ,η2+ θ′, γ′ + θ′, θ′+ Ga, and θ + αA1); and nine three-phase regions (i. e. α + γ′+ζ1, α+ γ2+ γ′, γ2+ γ′ + δ,γ′ + δ + θ′, δ+ζ2+θ′, ζ2 + η2 + θ′, η2+ θ′ + Ga, η2 +θ + Ga and θ + Ga + αA1). No new phase has been observed in this system.
A CLOSED-FORM APPROXIMATION FOR THE 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING MODEL (Ⅱ)——LIMITATIONS OF THE Q-APPROXIMATION
Authors: SHI HE  , HAO BAI-LIN  ,   中国科学院
Published: December 2020

We present an analysis of further physical consequences of the Q-approximation and a discussion on the number of closed paths taken into account by this method. A counter example ("Incense" graph in Fig. 3) shows there exists no rotation angle mapping which would give the proper number of closed paths on a 3-dimensional lattice.
SCATTERING OF LASER BEAM BY DIFFUSING SURFACES (Ⅱ)
Authors: CHENG LU  , ZHANG BING-QUAN  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: December 2020

Several principal conclusions for the so-called core-wing-ratio method for measuring the roughness of diffusing surfaces with laser beam based upon the previous papers are given. The method for determining the coefficients in the probability density function P(h) of random height is given, following the emperical relation R2=5Ra. For P1(h)={e(-b(|h|/hm)) ,|h|≤hm 0,|h|>hm and P2(h)=e(-a2(h/hm)2) is determined that b=1.23 and a2=2. It is shown that in both P1(h) and P2(h), hm is corresponding to 1/2Rz. The core-wing-ratio values D2/D1 as functions of Rz are deduced and computed for P1(h) and P2(h) with formulas which are more precise than that in the previous papers. In addition, the relation of the half width of the core of diffraction pattern with Rz is computed, and it is pointed out that the half-width method is not convenient for surface roughness measurement.
CHLORINE CHEMISORPTION ON THE SILICON AND GERMANIUM SURFACE
Authors: ZHANG KAI-MING  , YE LING  ,   复旦大学现代物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The chlorine chemisorption geometry fcr both Si(lll) and Ge(lll) surface is considered. Previous theoretical calculations could not give the difference between Cl chemisorbtion on Si (111) and Ge(lll), which was shown by the effects observed in the photoemission with polarized radiation. In this paper the chemisorbed site is determined by the minimization of the total energy calculated by the charge density selfconsistent extended Huckel method. The present calculation shows that Cl adsorbs on the top site of Si (111) surface with covalent binding, which agrees quite well with experiments. While for the case of Ge, calculation shows that both the top site and three-fold site of Cl ehemisorption on the Ge(lll) surface are possible. Since the photoemission by p-polarized and s-polarized radiation did not differ too much for Cl on the Ge(lll) surface, it can not rule out the possibility of top adsorbed site for
THE CHEMISORPTION OF AI ON THE GaAs(110) SURFACE
Authors: ZHANG KAI-MING  , YE LING  ,   复旦大学现代物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The chemisorption of Al on the GaAs(ll0) surface is studied by using the charge self-consistent EHMO method. In comparing the two different mechanisms of adsorption, the more stable mechanism is determined by the configuration which gives a lower energy, and it is suggested from the present study that Al will substitute the surface Ga atoms, while the latter will be adsorbed on the dangling bonds of the surface As atoms. The charge transfer, the bond strengths and the density of states are also considered.
THE HAWKING EVAPORATION OF DIRAC PARTICIES
Authors: Liu Liao  , Xu Dian-yan  ,   (1)北京大学; (2)北京师范大学物理系
Published: December 2020

The problem of solving the Dirac equation in a Kerr space-time has long been unresolved. In 1976, S. Chandrasekhar solved the decoupling problem of the Dirac equation with non-zero rest mass in a Kerr background, thus provided the possibility of attacking the problem of the Hawking evaporation of Dirac particles. In this paper, starting from Chandrasekhar's results, we find the solution of the Dirac equation with non-zero rest mass just out side the event horizon of a nearly extreme Kerr black hole and sucessfully derived the Hawking thermal formula.
THE STUDY OF SHG IN THE POLYDOMAIN STRIAE REGION OF LiNbO3 SINGLE CRYSTAL
Authors: WANG YE-NING  , CHU JING-SUNG  , TAN YUN-PENG  ,   南京大学物理系
Published: December 2020

Using acousto-optic Q-switched Nd3+: YAG laser as a source of fundamental beam, we measured the SHG scan vs temperature in LiNbO3 and BNN single crystals. There are usually two peaks appearing on the SHG scan curves for the striae region, at the same time two NPM hollow cones of SHG light may be observed in one to one correspondence.One of the two peaks in the polydomain striae region of LiNbO3 disappeared after the crystal was completely polarized. The occurrence of this peak was analyzed.The SHG power in the polydomain region of LiNbO3 is usually several times larger than that of single domain region. We attributed the enhancement mechanism to the stress relaxation occurring with the formation of insular 180°domains.
OBSERVATION OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBBOUNDARIES IN OPTICALLY ACTIVE CRYSTAL Bi12GeO20 BY MEANS OF REFLECTION BIREFRINGENCE TOPOGRAPHY
Authors: XU XIU-YING  , FENG DUAN  ,   南京大学固体物理研究所
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we studied the birefringence topography of bismuth germaniun oxide which hare a strong natural optical activity. It is discovered that the natural optical activity of the crystal may be compensated completely with a reflection polarised light microscopy so that the birefringence images of dislocations and subboundries were observed. The Burgers vectors of dislocations were found to be of the type of 1/2 ( 111), (100) and (110).
AN X-RAY METHOD OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF PREFERRED ORIENTATION OF FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL WITH LAYER TYPE STRUCTURE AFTER HOT-PRESSING
Authors: GUO CHANG-LIN  , WU YU-QIN  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: December 2020

The definition and an X-ray determination method of the degee of preferred orientation of ferroelectric ceramics with layer type structure after hot-pressing procedure are presented. The degree of preferred orientation can be obtained by merely determining the ratio of diffraction intensity of any one or more (00l) lines before and after hot-pressing procedure. Taking the mixed bismuth oxide compound with layer type structure PbBi4Ti4O15 as an example the suitability of this method has been proved.
INFLUENCE OF THE TRANSMISSION LIGHT OF α-LiIO3 SINGLE CRYSTAL BY THE APPLICATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC FIELD
Authors: WANG XIU  , LUO GUI-YUN  ,   四川大学物理系
Published: December 2020

An electrostatic field is applied along the s-axis of a-LiIO3 single crystal. Let a beam of light pass through the crystal along the direction of the crystal 2-axis, almost no change of the transmission photograph is found; when the beam of light passing through the crystal deviates from the direction of the crystal z-axis, some patterns appear on the transmission photograph. In this work, the special frequency spactrum analysis and microscopic observation and the light diffraction experiment had been carried out.
ELLIPSOMETRIC SPECTRUM AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ION IMPLANTED SILICON
Authors: MO DANG  , YE XIAN-JING  ,   中山大学物理系
Published: December 2020

In order to develop the ellipsometry used for determination of ion implanted damage layer, we have measured the ellipsometric spectrum of ion implanted silicon in a wavelength range of 4000-7000?. The samples were implanted by 150 keV, l015/cm2 or 1016/cm2 As ions. In this case the amorphous layers were formed at the surface of Si samples, so that a monolayer model could be used to calculate the relations of (n, k)-λ from the data of (ψ, Δ)-λ. The peak of n-λ curve of As ion implanted silicon is situated at ～4800?, and the peak value is about 4.9. The experimental results of ion implanted silicon have been compared with those of sputtering amorphous silicon, evaporated amorphous silicon and single crystalline silicon.
THE STUDY OF THE TRANSITION REGION AT THE INTERFACE OF Si-SiO2 BY XPS
Authors: LIN RONG-FU  , DAI DAO-XUAN  , JIANG SHAO-YOU  , ZHANG YONG-FU  , BAO WEI-GUO  , LU GUO-LIANG  ,   (1)复旦大学现代物理研究所; (2)上海石油化工总厂研究院
Published: December 2020

The study of the transition region at the interface of Si-SiO2 by changing the angle of emission in XPS is reported in this paper. The sample are ultra-thin oxide film on the silicon(111) surface formed at low temperature (700 ℃), the thickness of which was less than 50?. The variation of the chemical displacement (δ) and the intensity ratio (I0x/Isi) of the silicon 2p photoelectron peaks come from the oxide film and the single-crystal substrate with the angle of emission is contradictory with the prediction for an ideal interface model. The comparison of the experiment results with the prediction of the random-bonding model shows that there exists a transition region at the interface of Si-SiO2 and the width of which is about 20?, less than the mean escape length of the Si2p photoelectron in SiO2. The same results are given by the experiment of Ar+ ion sputtering profiles.
APPLICATION OF LIOUVILLE'S THEOREM TO ELECTRON AND ION OPTICAL SYSTEMS POSSESSING THE PRIMARY ABERRATIONS
Authors: XIMEN JI-YE  ,   北京大学无线电电子学系
Published: December 2020

The method of matrix calculations is widely applied in the theory of electron- and ion-optics, especially in the aberration theory. In the present paper, a rotationally symmetrical electron-optical system and an ion-optical system with crossed toroidal electric and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are treated respestively. The general transfer matrices for the above mentioned electron- and ion-optical systems possessing the primary aberrations are derived. As a direct consequence of Liouville's theorem, we prove that the determinant of the transfer matrix has the value 1 in the approximation up to the primary aberrations. This general conclusion is useful for the electron-and ion-optical a berration theory and the computer-aided design.
NMR STUDIES ON FAST IONIC CONDUCTOR LISICON CRYSTALS
Authors: LI ZI-RONG  , XUE RONG-JIAN  , CHEN LI-QUAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The temperature dependence of the linewidth of the 7Li NMR spectrum line of LISICON crystals with different compositions and orientations has been investigated from 124 to 480k. It was found that there are three transition points of Li+ ion motion at ～273 K, ～350 K (for polycrystal ～320 K) and ～400 K respectively. The special behaviour of the electric quadrupole effects has been observed and discussed.
STATIC SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC SELF-DUAL SOLUTIONS OF THE YANG-MILLS FIELD EQUATION AND 'THOOFT-POLYAKOV MONOPOLES DISTRIBUTED CONTINUOUSLY ON A SPHERE
Authors: WU YONG-SHI  , SHENG YOU-GEN  ,   (1)建设银行上海市分行; (2)中国科学院理论物理研究所
Published: December 2020

In this paper, all synchrono spherosymmetrical statical self-dual solutions of Yang-Mills guage field have been obtained. From these solutions, a result on the continuous surface distribution of the magnetic charge is derived.
A NEW METHOD FOR CALCULATING RADIATION FROM PARAMETRIC LINE ARRAY
Authors: QIAN ZU-WEN  ,   中国科学院声学研究所
Published: December 2020

Atechnique for analytic evaluation of one-dimension Huygens' integral is proposed. The sound fields of the parametric line array can be analysed by it. Firstly, the point-source function is expanded into an operator on a plane wave function. Putting it into above mentioned integral and calculating it, it is shown that if we make an operation of this operator on the far-field solution, a general expression of radiation from parametric line array can be obtained. Secondly, both Fraunhofer's far-field approximation expression and Fresnel's, nearfield approximation expression are derived from it, but the latter approximation make a appreciable contribution on the radiation only outside the range of half-width angle.Furthermore; the radiation of a truncated parametric line array whose length is R1 is caleucated. We find that the beam pattern of this array becomes more narrow as decreasing the range. And a prediction can be made that the radiation field of a real parametric array will depend on following three parameters: kR sin2θ, βR, R1. Finally, basing on this theory, it appears to the author that the inconsistencies in ap-pearenee for some published experiments can be consistent with each other.
AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE OF SOLVING DIFFERENCE STRUCTURES
Authors: FAN HAI-FU  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

Difference structures are structures subjected to certain mathematical processing, they are introduced for the convenience of solving heavy-atom-containing structures by direct methods. Information about the arrangement of light atoms can be obtained by solving the corresponding difference structure. However the existing methods of solving difference structures have not yet made full use of the angular parts of the heavy-atom contribution. In this paper an improved method is given in this respect.
CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BARIUM SODIUM NIOBATE WITH HIGH SH OUTPUT
Authors: TU JIN-LIANG  , WU YAO-AN  , TANG YUAN-FENG  , SUN JIN-MEI  , FENG LIN-TING  , LI JING-LONG  , LIAO JING-YING  , WU HUI-FA  , XU HUI-DE  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: December 2020

The growth and characterization of BNN crystals had been investigated and the large BNN crystals with SH output power level greater than 1 watt (the highest output being 2.5 watt) had been grown successfully.
IMAGE PROPERTIES OF TAPERED GRADIENT-INDEX FIBER
Authors: YIN ZONG-MIN  , ZHU SONG-LAI  ,   中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所
Published: December 2020

Starting from the ray path equation, object-image relationships are found and used to determine the equivalent focal length and the principal planes of tapered GRIN fiber. These equation reduce to the known formulas when m = 0 (that is, for a cylindrical GRIN fiber). The aperture of tapered GRIN fiber is discussed in this paper and the photographs of the image are also included.
BIFURCATION SOLUTIONS OF BROWN'S EQUATION AND PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF INCIPIENT MAGNETIC DOMAIN
Authors: LI BO-ZANG  , PU FU-CHO  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The problem of formation of incipient magnetic domain in the scheme of Brown's equation is one of the typical problems of bifurcation. A scale transformation is introduced, so that the size of a ferromagnetic body appears explicitly as a parameter in the expressions of free energy and Brown's equation. We generalize the perturbation method in bifurcation theory to study the initial bifurcation of Brown's equation. After an analysis of the stability of single-domain state and bifurcation solutions, we arrived at the conclusion that the critical size of incipient domain formation equals to the smallest positive bifurcation point of size parameter and the process of incipient domain formation takes place either continuously following the bifurcation solutions starting from this bifurcation point or discontinuously with a jump at this point. The criteria for discriminating the continuity and discontinuity of such a transition were given. In addition, we also obtained the lower and upper limits of the precise critical size of single-domain, and also its exact value in particular cases.
ROTATIONAL STRIATIONS IN CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN LiNbO3 SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: MING NAI-BEN  , HONG JING-FEN  , SUN ZHENG-MIN  , YANG YONG-SHUN  ,   南京大学固体物理研究所
Published: December 2020

We intentionally render the rotational axis of growing crystal to deviate from the symmetry axis of the temperature field, the temperature fluctuations with sinusoidal form in meniscus are produced. The one-to-one correspondance between speed of crystal revolution temperature fluctuations, surface growth striations and interior growth striations have been demonstrated.
THE SYMMETRY TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE CONSTRAINED SYSTEM
Authors: LI ZI-PING  ,   新疆大学物理系
Published: December 2020

The motion of constrained system may be described in terms of the non-independent state functions. Suppose the action integral and constraint conditions of this system are invariant under the symmetry transformations of the time-space points and state functions, then we can generalize the Noether's theorem to this constrained system. In general, it does not yield the conservation laws as ordinary Noether's theorem. However, when the system only subjects to finite constraint, the generalized Noether's theorem can reduce to the results as ordinary Noether's theorem.
MAGNETIC COUPLING BETWEEN THE RESONANT JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTION AND THE APLLIED MICROWAVE (Ⅰ)
Authors: CUI GUANG-JI  , MENG XIAO-FAN  , SHAO KAI  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: December 2020

The resonant Josephson tunnel junction is used generally in the Josephson voltage-standard works. This paper starting from the forced vibration model, taking account of the magnetic coupling boundary condition, treats a junction in the waveguide system, and result which agrees with those of the experiments is obtained. In the experiment we improved the short circuit unit of the waveguide, system, thus the microwave leakage was reduced and the short circuit condition has been improved. The result of our experiment at low temperature shows that the improving is effective.
DRIFT MOBILITIES OF CARRIERS IN AMORPHOUS FILMS OF PVCz-TNF CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES
Authors: YANG DA-LIN  , WAN MEI-XIANG  , ZHANG JING-WEN  , QIAN REN-YUAN  ,   中国科学院化学研究所
Published: December 2020

The drift mobilities of carriers in amorphous charge-transfer complexes of PVCz-TNF were obtained by Time-of-Flight. Differences in the transport characteristics between electrons and holes were observed. The transient current trace of electrons has a knee by which the transit time can be determined, but. the current trace of holes is featureless indicating that tT is dispersive. The transient current of holes can be analysed by Scher-Montroll theory. At low electrical field μh is independent of the field. Combining the results of dark conductivity measurements, we conclude that the non-ohmic conductivity at high field is contributed by the field-dependent mobilities and carrier concentrations that are both increasing with the field strength.
THE ROLE OF SPECIAL REFLEXIONS IN A SET OF STARTING PHASES
Authors: GU YUAN-XIN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

Phase development in the MULTAN procedure is based on the permutation of the starting phase set. When a new phase of a gereral reflection is derived from the combination of two special reflections of the starting set, it may result in large error. If this occurs in the early stage of the phase development, the error is difficult to be eliminated afterwards. The wrong phase should then strongly affect the process of the phase development and leads sometimes to the failure of the structure determination. One way of dealing with this problem is to check the convergence mapping carefully and change some of the reflections in the starting set. Tests have been made on modifying a starting set that led to the MULTAN failure. It turns out that just a slight but proper modification of the starting set can greatly improve the process of phase development and leads to the correct solution of the structure.
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE PRECISION OF TORSIONAL PENDULUM
Authors: Chen Xiang-xiang  , Chen Jia-yan  , Guan Tong-ren  ,   中山大学引力物理研究室
Published: December 2020

Our pendulum disk is made of natural marble. The suspended wire is made of isoelastic alloy which has been chosen through repeated testing for it's high quality factor, low internal exhaustion and almost zero thermoelastic coefficisnt. A low-damping free oscillating pendulum is set up instead of the discontinuous pendulum which is electro-magnetically attracted against a stop once every swing. Thus artificial disturbance to the pendulum is reduced. The pendulum is put in a vacuum-tight chamber to avoid environmental disturbance and lengthen the damping time. Besides, a multi-faceted reflective mirror ring is located at the centre of the pendulum disk. As a result, the number of times of measurement is increased from one to four or more within a certain period. This makes it possible to numerically solve the damping oscillating equations θi= A exp(-ti/τ) sin(ωti + φ) (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) by means ofcomputer. Therefore, not only can variations of period be measured directly, the variations of amplitude A, damping time τ and initial phase φ can also be calculated. Some modifications have been made on the system of light-electric accepter. Now, the precision detecting period with our torsional pendulum is one-hundred times higher than that of Dr. Saxl's as reported in his first article concerning pendulum in 1964, and ten times higher than the precision of his pendulum in 1970, which is the result of seventeen years of efforts in making improvements. The effective numbers obtained with our setup have reached six to seven figures, and the relative error of period is 2×10-6, or even 8×10-7 in the best case. Basically, the desired requirements have been satisfied. This will provide the possibility of detecting gravitational abnormal phenomena and making a distinction between the frequency fluctuation during a long period of time and that during a short period of time.
NON-LINEAR EFFECT ON THE LARGE AMPLITUDE WAVES INTERACTION WITH PARTICLES OF LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN PLASMA
Authors: He Xian-tu  ,   北京8009信箱
Published: December 2020

In this paper, retaining high-frequency fields up to fourth order, the kinetic and hydrodynamic equations for the beat frequency interaction between longitudinal, transverse high-frequency fields and particles in low-frequency oscillation were derived from Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The results show that, in the case of one dimension, the large amplitude high order fields in sub-acoustic waves weaken the ponderomotive force which causes solitons. In three dimensions, it possibly makes the formation of cavitons slower.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANT ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND M?SSBAUER SPECTRA OF MEGNETITE
Authors: Du You-wei  , Lu Huai-xian  , Wang Ting-xiang  , Wang Ya-qi  ,   (1)南京大学物理系; (2)中国科学院上海冶金研究所
Published: December 2020

The magnetic properties, infrared absorption spectra and M?ssbauer spectra of dif f irent size magnetite particles were measured before and after coating with organic surfactant. The experimental results show that the nature of coating is chemical absorption between the fine magnetite particle surface and the surfactant. After coating the specific magnetization is reduced under equal magnetic field condition and M?ssbauer spectra become more broadened with the magnetite particle size decreasing. The experimental results may be explained by the surface anisotropy theory.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES OF ANECHOIC CHAMBERS
Authors: ZHANG ZHONG-PENG  ,   贵州凯山286信箱
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the concept for the characteristic parameters of the microwave anechoic chambers, the principle and method of measurements, and the treatment of experimental data as well as some points to be noticed. The concept of "the equivalent reflectivity" is introduced for the purpose of using the theory of transmisson line to derive some formulas and curves which may be useful in treatment of experimental data of natural reflectivity level. Finally, some typical experimental results are presented.
SPECIAL POLARIZATION PHENOMENON OF MULTI-TRASVERSE MODE INTERNAL-MIRROR He-Ne LASER
Authors: ZHANG CHUN-PIN  , ZHANG GUANG-YIN  , LIU ZHI-GUO  , BA EN-XU  , Lü KE-CHENG  ,   (1)南开大学固体能谱研究室; (2)南开大学现代光学研究室
Published: December 2020

We have observed some special polarization phenomenon of multi-transverse mode He-Ne laser. Elimination problem of mode degeneration was analysed based on Lamb theory of laser. Frequency difference between degenerate mode after eliminating degeneration was measured, and the observed phenomena were analysed theoretically.
ON THE VECTOR-TENSOR INTERACTION OF GRAVITATION
Authors: ZHANG YUAN-ZHONG  , GUO HAN-YING  ,   中国科学院理论物理研究所
Published: December 2020

In the paper, by using the equation of motion a particle, we show that the antig-ravity exist in the vector-tensor model of gravitation. Thus the motion of a particle deviates from the geodesic equation. In Newtonian approximation and weak gravitational field, acceleration of a particle in a spherically symmetric and astatic gravitation field is zero. The result is obviously not in agreement with gravitational phenomena.
STRUCTURE OF TRANS-DICHLOROBIS (L-ETHYL-PHENYL-ALANATE) PLATINUM (II)
Authors: YANG QING-CHUAN  , TANG YOU-QI  , TANG WEN-XIA  , YAN KE  ,   (1)北京大学物理化学研究所; (2)南京大学络合物研究所
Published: December 2020

[Pt(C11H15NO2)2Cl2] is monoclinic, with space group P21H. Z=2, and lattice parametes α=13.555(6)?, b=6.487(3)?, c=15.588(5)?, β=109.42(3)?. The structure was determined by heavy-atom method and refined by "blocked cascade" full-matrix leastsquare refinement technique to R=0.0617, RwH=0.0575. The atom Pt(II) has approximate square coordination, with bond lengths Pt-N 2.065(14), 2.084(14)?; PtCl 2.285(7), 2.312(8)?. The structure contains layers of molecules hydrogen bonded together through N-H……O.
QUANTUM THEORY OF A DAMPED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR SIMULATING LASER OPEN SYSTEM
Authors: TAN WEI-HAN  , WANG XUE-WEN  , XIE CHENG-GANG  , ZHANG GUAN-MEI  ,   (1)上海科学技术大学,1981年应届毕业生; (2)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
Published: December 2020

We have analysed the quantization schemes presented in references [1, 2] for a damped harmonic oscillator and found out that there are some defects in volved in these schemes. In order to remedy these defects, we assume the coordinate system fluctuating with a velocity g(t) in addition to damping force f(t) proportional to the velocity and suggest a method of quantization for this system based on the full quantum theory of lasers. It is proved that the usual Heisenberg relation xp-px=ih can be maintained, but the quantum term in statistical average value of physical variable does not damp as shown in reference [1].
THE INFLUENCE OF THICKNESS, APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURE ANNEALING ON THE ACTIVATION ENERGIES FOR CONDUCTIVITY OF a-Si:H
Authors: YAN CHENG  ,   峨嵋半导体材料研究所,峨嵋,四川
Published: December 2020

Measuring the temperature dependence of conductivity of a series doped samples of different thickness, we find three activation energies in the range of 300-500 K. After prolonged annealing in 180-250℃, the positions of two kinks formed by these activation energies shift to high temperature side. In thinner samples the shifting rate is larger than that in thicker samples. In a very thin sample the positions of the kinks even shift spontaneously after being kept at room temperature for a long-period.Changing the voltage, drop across the sample during measuring significantly influences the values of high and medium temperature activation energies. In thicker samples this kind of influence is stronger than that in thinner ones.Most of these results are interpreted by a tentative model which has been checked by computer graphics rather successfully.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE AMPLIFIER
Authors: LI ZHUANG  , XU CHENG-HE  ,   北京大学无线电电子学系
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the kinetic power theorem is used for solving the problem of interaction between a relativistic electron beam moving in a static magnetic field and a travelling electromagnetic wave. The electron bunching function suggested here is specially suitable for analyzing the electron bunching process in this amplifier. By using numerical calculation, the whole process of energy exchange between the gyrating electrons and waves in the interaction region is analysed. The results of calculation show that the imaginary part of the axial wa-venumber is not a constant, so that the gain characteristics is nonlinear. Under the situation of high efficiency and high power output operation, very high stability is required for the static magnetic field. By adjusting the operation parameters to lower the output power, the high stability requirement may be somewhat.relaxed By analysing the electron bunching process, these properties of this amplifier can be well explained.
THEORY OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE AMPLIFIER WITH A TAPERED WAVEGUIDE
Authors: LI ZHUANG  , XU CHENG-HE  ,   北京大学无线电电子学系
Published: December 2020

In this paper the wave approach is used for analysing the ECR amplifier, its dispersion relation is derived, but it is suitable only for the small signal regime. Then by using kinetic power conservation theorem, a theoretical analysis is employed to treat this amplifier, it can be applied beyond the small signal regime to calculate the saturated output power and efficiency of this device. For a concrete waveguide form, the performence of the amplifier has been calculated numerically. The theoretical results show that the amplifiers of this type exhibit an obvious advantage, i.e. the variation of static magnetic field has less influence on its output power, besides, in comparison with the amplifier with a regular waveguide under the condition of same output powers and gains, this amplifier has a wider bandwidth and its interaction length is somewhat shortened.
THE SURFACE FEATURES OF THE POISONING OF LATHANIUM RICH MIXED RARE EARTH-NICKEL HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL BY CO,O2 AND H2O
Authors: YU XIN-NAN  , ZHANG QING-ZHE  , XIE KAN  , QI SHANG-XUE  , KANG JIN  , LIN ZHANG-DA  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we report the study on the poisoning of hydrogen storage material MlNi5 (Ml = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) by CO, O2, H2O using x-ray and ultra violet photoeletron Spectro-scopy (XPS and UPS), With increasing of the poisoning gas exposure, peak a (0.3eV) and peak b (1.2 eV) below EF in UPS show evident change, they decayed shift toward the higher BE side and form a shoulder gradually: While the peak c (6eV) and peak d (9.5 eV) shifted increase with gas exposure. The chemical states of poisoned material were identified by XPS technique.The MINi5 poisoned by oxygen was restcred by hydrogen at 300 ℃ and after regenerating we observed from UPS the increasing of a, b intensities.Similar results were obtained in MlNi5 material peisoned by carbon monoxide and water vapor and then heated in UHV and etched by Ar+.These results were further demonstrated by XPS. The experiment results provide information on the Charge-transfer between d-electron of transition metal nickel in MINi5 and free molecular orbital of poisoning gases. It is a base for understanding of poisoning and re-generating of surface catalysis in practical use.
ON THE PROBLEIM OF DETAILED BALANCE UNDER NONEQUILIBRIUM STATIONARY STATE IN THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Authors: MAO KE-XIN  ,   锦州师范学院物理系
Published: December 2020

The formation mechanism of stationary state far from equilibrium in the chemical reactions is investigated. It is proved that there may exist detailed balance under nonequilibri-um stationary state in two-variable chemical reactions, but this stationary state is unstable.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF FREE ELECTRON LASER AMPLIFIER
Authors: YIN YUAN-ZHAO  ,   中国科学院电子学研究所
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a detailed analysis on the operating mechanism and parameter properties of free electron laser amplifier (FELA) in the case of small signal is presented. The results show that FELA is in essence the interaction between the electron beam and the fast cyclotron wave. The cyclotron resonance condition of electron motion in the uniform axial and periodic transverse static magnetic fields significantly influences the interaction process. We have calculated numerically the central operating frequency, band width, small signal gain and wave number of the amplified electromagnetic wave as functions of the parameters of the amplifier (such as the voltage and current density of the electron beam, the intensities of axial and transverse static magnetic field). The way to optimize the design of FELA is also suggested. It is possible to obtain a small signal gain of 10-2 cm-1 with enough band width in the millimeter and submillimeter range of weve length following a proper design.
THE ELASTIC DIPOLE MODEL OF STRAINED CRYSTALS
Authors: YANG ZHENQ-JU  ,   南京大学物理系
Published: December 2020

In our treatment, crystals are considered as elastic continual, so that any strained vol-um element can be simulated by an elastic dipole. The effective moment of the dipole is found and classified into a permanent part and an induced part. The former depends upon the elastic property of the volum element and the surrounding matrix; while the latter defends upon the strain state of the medium. These two parts of the effective, moment make the medium aquires paraelastic and dielastic charateristies respectively.The displacement field produced by elastic dipole in an isotropic, unbounded, elastic continuum is given. Taking relaxation into account, we obtain the expression for interaction between elastic dipole and the strain field produced by other sources. This expression is simply the Kroner's formula with by some higher order terms added to it. In treating the problems of the interaction between the dislocation and a solute atom and that between two symmetrical centers, the results agree in general with the previous studies but with some higher order correction terms included.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN FILMS OF WHITE MICA
Authors: XUE ZENG-QUAN  , ZHANG CUN-GUI  , LIU WEI-MIN  , WU QUAN-DE  ,   北京大学无线电电子学系
Published: December 2020

In this work, the structure and chemical composition of thin films of white mica found in Si-Chuan Province are studied by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The. thickness is in the range of 300-1000?. It is concluded that the sample is nearly perfectly crystalline and contains no detectable impurities, however some defects are discovered in certain regions as shown in the text (Fig. 2-4).Thin mica film can be used as a substrate on which other thin film can deposit or grow into large crystalline grains.
THE RESOLUTION OF CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR FOR CONTINUOUS X-RAY SPECTRUM
Authors: LU KUN-QUAN  , CHANG LONG-CUN  , ZHAO YA-QIN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The energy aberration of crystal monochromator in the case of continuous X-ray spectrum, for instance EXAFS, has been discussed. Based on the fact that the intensity of continuous X-ray varies slowly with the energy and can be treated as a constant, we propose a method of calculating average resolution for flat crystal and the Johann and Johansson arrangement. We have also pointed out some inappropriate points in analyses on the reflect geometry of Johann arrangement described in previous publications. It is shown that Johann crystal can provide a better resolution than that commonly believed.
THE SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN LiNbO3 CRYSTALS WITH PERIODIC LAMINAR FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS
Authors: XUE YING-HUA  , MIN NAI-BEN  , ZHU JIN-SONG  , FENG DUAN  ,   南京大学物理系
Published: December 2020

We studied the second harmonic generation of light in LiNbO3 crystals with periodic laminar ferroelectric domains, in order to make a detailed experimental verification of the theory of quasi-phase-matching proposed by N. Bloembergen et al. First we determined the second harmonic light intensity of single domain LiNbO3 crystals in the regime eω ·eωe→e2ω. Then by using angle-scanning and temperature-scanning, we obtained the maximum second harmonic output from crystals with periodic domains corresponding to quasi-phase-matching. We have verified experimentally the relation that the second harmonic output is proportional to N2(N is the number of domains in the crystal) with N up to 200. We have compared the second harmonic output of crystals with periodic laminar domains in the quasi-phase-matching regime with that of single domain crystals of the same length and optical quality under phase-matched condition oω· oω→e2ω. An order of magnitude enhancement of second harmonic light output has been found. Finally, the structure sensitivity of the second harmonic generation of LiNbO3 crystal with periodic laminar ferroelectric domains has also been studied experimentally.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERESTICS IN THE GYROTRON WITH A VARYING MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: WU YUAN-YAN  , ZHANG JIN-LIN  ,   (1)北京电真空器件研究所; (2)北京电子管厂
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the physical characterestics of the interaction in a gyrotron with a longitudinally varying magnetic field is presented. Equations of motion used in reference are improved by expressing them in normalized form and making them more accurate and more generally applicable. Numerical results are obtained for a pratical case. The physical mechanism of efficiency enhancement with varying magnetic field and its effect on the gyrotron operation are discussed. Phase bunching diagrams demonstrate that the saturation phenomena will be delayed when such varying magnetic field is present.
ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITIES OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS——EFFECT OF AN INCLINED ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: WANG XIN-YI  , LIN LEI  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: December 2020

Electrohydrodynamic instabilities of a planar nematic liquid crystal (εαα>0) under an inclined electric field (at an angle θ0 with the normal of the glass plates of the cell) are considered. On the basis of the one-dimensional theory of Dubois-Violette et al, conditions for the onset of instabilities under the excitation of static, sinusoidal and square wave electric Fields, respectively, are obtained. Major results include: (1) Relaxation time of charge increases monotonically with θ0. (2) For MBBA, there exists a critical angle θc(ω)(ω is frequency of external field), when θ0> θc(ω) instability cannot occur. θc(0) =54.2°. (3) For MBBA, threshold voltage is a monotonic increasing function of θ0.