bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasal insulin administration does not affect hepatic glucose production at systemic fasting insulin levels
Authors: Plomgaard Peter , Hansen Jakob S. , Ingerslev Bodil , Clemmesen Jens O. , Secher Niels H. , van Hall Gerrit , Fritsche Andreas , Weigert Cora , Lehmann Rainer , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Heni Martin
Published: December 2018

Aims

To evaluate the effects of brain insulin on endogenous glucose production in fasting humans, with a focus on hepatic glucose release by performing a randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, crossover experiment.

Materials and methods

On two separate days, 2H2‐glucose was infused to nine healthy lean men, and blood was sampled from the hepatic vein and a radial artery. On day 1, participants received 160 U human insulin through nasal spray, and on day 2 they received placebo spray, together with an intravenous insulin bolus to mimic spillover of nasal insulin to the circulation. Hepatic glucose fluxes and endogenous glucose production were calculated.

Results

Plasma insulin concentrations were similar on the two study days, and no differences in whole‐body endogenous glucose production or hepato‐splanchnic glucose turnover were detected.

Conclusions

Nasal administration of insulin does not influence whole‐body or hepatic glucose production in fasting humans. By contrast, pharmacological delivery of insulin to the brain might modulate insulin effectiveness in glucose‐producing tissue when circulating insulin levels are elevated; therefore, the metabolic consequences of brain insulin action appear to be dependent on metabolic prandial status.
Genetically engineered animal models of Parkinson's disease: From worm to rodent
Authors: Breger Ludivine S. , Fuzzati Armentero Marie T.
Published: December 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by aberrant accumulation of insoluble proteins, including alpha‐synuclein, and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The extended neurodegeneration leads to a drop of striatal dopamine levels responsible for disabling motor and non‐motor impairments. Although the causes of the disease remain unclear, it is well accepted among the scientific community that the disorder may also have a genetic component. For that reason, the number of genetically engineered animal models has greatly increased over the past two decades, ranging from invertebrates to more complex organisms such as mice and rats. This trend is growing as new genetic variants associated with the disease are discovered. The EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) has promoted the creation of an online database aiming at summarising the different features of experimental models of Parkinson's disease. This review discusses available genetic models of PD and the extent to which they adequately mirror the human pathology and reflects on future development and uses of genetically engineered experimental models for the study of PD.
Adipose tissue dendritic cells in steady‐state
Authors: Macdougall Claire E. , Longhi M. Paula
Published: December 2018

Healthy white adipose tissue (WAT) participates in regulating systemic metabolism, whereas dysfunctional WAT plays a prominent role in the development of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. Tissue‐resident immune cells are important for maintaining WAT homeostasis, including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) which are critical in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Due to phenotypic overlap with other myeloid cells, the distinct contribution of WAT cDCs has been poorly understood. This review will discuss the contribution of cDCs in the maintenance of WAT homeostasis. In particular, the review will focus on the metabolic cross‐talk between cDCs and adipocytes that regulates local immune responses during physiological conditions.
Demographic and genetic description of Greenland's only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population
Authors: Arnekleiv Jo V. , Davidsen Jan G. , Sheehan Timothy F. , Lehnert Sarah J. , Bradbury Ian R. , Rønning Lars , Sjursen Aslak D. , Kjærstad Gaute , Lubinski Barbara A. , Nilssen Kjell J.
Published: December 2018

A survey of the Kapisillit River system was conducted in 2005 and 2012 to study the only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population in Greenland. Little is known about its characteristics or its relationship with other S. salar populations across the species range. Juvenile S. salar were captured in all stations surveyed within the lower river with the highest densities lower in the river and decreasing densities with increasing distance from the river mouth. Captured juveniles ranged from 0+ to 7+ years old and the predominant smolt age was between 4 and 6 years. Median length of 0+ and 1+ juveniles in August–September was 38.8 and 70.4 mm, respectively. The proportion of mature male parr increased from 4% for 1+ year old fish to 95% for fish greater than 2 years old. Genetic analysis using 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) revealed a high degree of genetic similarity between collections, extremely low genetic diversity and low estimates of effective population size (Ne = 28.7; 95% CI = 19.7–42.4). Genetic comparison to range‐wide S. salar populations demonstrated that the Kapisillit River S. salar is an outgroup of the eastern Atlantic stock complex, which is consistent with the hypothesised colonisation from the east. River morphology and the absence of glacier runoff are hypothesised to be the main reasons for the relatively high river temperatures supporting this self‐sustaining population of S. salar. Given its uniqueness and persistence, this population represents an important part of range‐wide biodiversity of S. salar.
Effect of time of day and specialty on polyp detection rates in Australia
Authors: Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Lu Kevin , Ovenden Amanda , Rana Khizar , Singh Gurfarmaan , Krishnamurthi Sudarshan , Edwards Suzanne , Wilson Bill , Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Hirooka Yoshiki , Burt Alastair D , Singh Rajvinder
Published: December 2018

Background and Aim

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric in colonoscopy. However, there is conflicting evidence around factors that influence ADR. This study aims to investigate the effect of time of day and endoscopist background on ADR and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp detection rate (SSA/P‐DR) for screening colonoscopies.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Primary outcome was the effect of time of day and endoscopist specialty on screening ADR. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the same factors on SSA/P‐DR and other metrics and collinearity of ADR and SSA/P‐DR. Linear regression models were used for association between ADR, time of day, and endoscopist background. Bowel preparation, endoscopist, session, patient age, and gender were adjusted for. Linear regression model was also used for comparing ADR and SSA/P‐DR. Chi‐square was used for difference of proportions.

Results

Two thousand six hundred fifty‐seven colonoscopies, of which 558 were screening colonoscopies, were performed. The adjusted mean ADR (screening) was 36.8% in the morning compared with 30.5% in the afternoon (P < 0.0001) and was 36.8% for gastroenterologists compared with 30.4% for surgeons (P < 0.0001). For every 1‐h delay in commencing the procedure, there was a reduction in mean ADR by 3.4%. Using a linear regression model, a statistically significant positive association was found between ADR and SSA/P‐DR (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Morning and afternoon sessions and gastroenterologists and surgeons achieved the minimum standards recommended for ADR. Afternoon lists and surgeons were associated with a lower ADR compared with morning and gastroenterologists, respectively. Additionally, SSA/P‐DR showed collinearity with ADR.
Predictor of slower gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease: Survey of an Asian‐Pacific cohort
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Yuan , Chen Yu‐Wen , Wang Tsu‐Nai , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Wu I‐Chen , Yu Fang‐Jung , Hu Huang‐Ming , Wu Jeng‐Yih , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Lu Chien‐Yu , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Su Yu‐Chung
Published: December 2018

Background and Aim

Asian populations have relatively lower prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and tend to exhibit symptoms of prolonged gastric retention. However, it remains unknown if slower gastric emptying influences its features in Asian countries. We prospectively assessed the potential implications of slower gastric emptying in an Asian‐Pacific cohort of gastroesophageal reflux disease by a hospital‐based survey.

Methods

One hundred fifty‐two patients of gastroesophageal reflux disease complete the scintigraphic measurement of solid phase of gastric emptying. Clinical symptoms and psychological stress are recorded by self‐report questionnaire. The status of Helicobacter pylori infection, blood level of pepsinogen I, and I/II ratio are assessed.

Results

Forty‐seven percent and 28% of the patients have slower gastric emptying rate, depending on the incremental defined cut‐off values of slower gastric emptying, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that older age and depression score are independently related to slower gastric emptying. Subgroup analysis discloses that patients with slower gastric emptying and higher depression score tend to present with non‐erosive esophagitis whereas higher body mass index level and male gender in patients with normal gastric emptying predict the presence of erosive reflux disease.

Conclusions

Our study cohort of Asian patients indicates distinctive clinical implications of slower gastric emptying in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
A review of lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and blood‐based biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Holmes Michael V , Chen Zhengming , Kartsonaki Christiana
Published: December 2018

We aimed to review the epidemiologic literature examining lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, and blood‐based biomarkers including multi‐omics (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and to discuss how these predictive markers can inform early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A search of the PubMed database was conducted in June 2018 to review epidemiologic studies of (i) lifestyle and metabolic risk factors for PDAC, genome‐wide association studies, and risk prediction models incorporating these factors and (ii) blood‐based biomarkers for PDAC (conventional diagnostic markers, metabolomics, and proteomics). Prospective cohort studies have reported at least 20 possible risk factors for PDAC, including smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, adiposity, diabetes, and pancreatitis, but the relative risks and population attributable fractions of individual risk factors are small (mostly < 10%). High‐throughput technologies have continued to yield promising genetic, metabolic, and protein biomarkers in addition to conventional biomarkers such as carbohydrate antigen 19‐9. Nonetheless, most studies have utilized a hospital‐based case–control design, and the diagnostic accuracy is low in studies that collected pre‐diagnostic samples. Risk prediction models incorporating lifestyle and metabolic factors as well as other clinical parameters have shown good discrimination and calibration. Combination of traditional risk factors, genomics, and blood‐based biomarkers can help identify high‐risk populations and inform clinical decisions. Multi‐omics investigations can provide valuable insights into disease etiology, but prospective cohort studies that collect pre‐diagnostic samples and validation in independent studies are warranted.
How Do Family Strengths‐Oriented Therapeutic Conversations (FAM‐SOTC) Advance Psychiatric Nursing Practice?
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Gisladottir Margret
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Family nursing interventions, focusing on therapeutic conversations, have been found to benefit primary caregivers dealing with chronic and acute illnesses. Less is known, however, about the benefit of these interventions for partner caregivers. The aims of this study were to develop and test the Family Strengths–Oriented Therapeutic Conversation (FAM‐SOTC) intervention for partner caregivers of young individuals with eating disorders (EDs).

Methods

Eighteen partner caregivers of adolescents and young adults with ED participated in this quasi‐experimental study. The FAM‐SOTC intervention was offered over 4 months, during which time the focus was on establishing the therapeutic relationship and identification of the family relationships. The five key elements of the FAM‐SOTC intervention are (a) drawing forward illness stories; (b) asking therapeutic questions; (c) identifying strength, resiliency, and resources; (d) offering evidence‐based information and recommendations; and (e) strengthening helpful beliefs and challenging hindering beliefs. These elements provided the foundation for the study.

Findings

Significantly higher family support and illness beliefs were reported after five sessions of the FAM‐SOTC intervention and again after 3 follow‐up booster sessions. The FAM‐SOTC intervention demonstrated a positive benefit for participants.

Clinical Relevance

The FAM‐SOTC intervention was found to benefit families, both in the short and long term, in psychiatry settings. After having participated in five sessions of the FAM‐SOTC intervention and 3 booster sessions, partner caregivers of young individuals with ED experienced higher family support and reported better knowledge, more confidence, and more positive illness beliefs regarding the disorder.
Transforming the experience of aortic valve disease in older patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Kirk Bettina Højberg , De Backer Ole , Missel Malene
Published: December 2018

Aim and objectives

To explore patients’ lived experiences of daily life and coping with recovery after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is increasingly used to treat older patients with severe aortic stenosis with high surgical risk. This novel treatment has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms, improving survival and prognosis, but its impact on patients’ daily life has been sparsely explored.

Design

Qualitative design.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted in a purposeful sample of ten patients three‐four months after TAVI. A phenomenological hermeneutical approach comprised an epistemological stance and Ricoeur's work inspired the qualitative methodological foundation. The study adhered to the COREQ guidelines.

Results

This study is illuminating patients’ perception of recovery after TAVI. The patients experienced a transformation of bodily sensations, a changed bodily attention and enhanced physical possibilities to cope with life. Undergoing TAVI changed the pre‐treatment symptoms that limited daily activities, allowing the patients to resume or participate in activities that were previously impossible. TAVI gives patients the feeling that they can do more than before, which strengthens their faith in the body's possibilities and means that they can live a more self‐reliant and independent life.

Conclusion

For older patients, TAVI can serve to bolster a sense of trusting their own body again. A clear distinction between pre‐ and post‐TAVI is recognised. Patients may be able to resume everyday activities following TAVI. The recovery process, however, must take into account the individual patient's own resources.

Relevance to clinical practice

The impact of TAVI on daily life activities should be communicated to the patient in decision‐making. Recovery depends on the patient's own effort, why identification of the patients who need support for recovery after TAVI as well as differentiated rehabilitation is required. Walking as a parameter should be integrated in the recovery trajectory.
Nurses’ descriptions of person‐centred care for older people in an acute medical ward—On the individual, team and organisational levels’
Authors: Nilsson Anita , Edvardsson David , Rushton Carole
Published: December 2018

Aim and objectives

To describe nurses’ experiences of providing person‐centred care for older people on an acute medical ward.

Background

There is evidence that person‐centred care for older people contributes to a higher quality care and increased satisfaction with care. However, there is a shortness of studies providing concrete examples of what facilitates nurses providing person‐centred care for older people in acute care.

Design

An interview study with qualitative content analysis. COREQ guidelines have been applied.

Method

Fourteen registered nurses and enrolled nurses from an acute care ward participated in semi structured research interviews. The interviews were conducted during 2016 and interpreted using qualitative content analyses.

Results

Person‐centred care was described at different levels in care; at the individual nurse level, person‐centred care was described as involving person‐centred assessing, relating and spacing which involved personalising assessments, relationships as well as the physical environment. At the team level, person‐centred care was described in terms of person‐centred goal setting, team responsibilities and team support, and involved having shared and personalised goals, different team responsibilities and a climate of support and collaboration. At the organisational level, person‐centred care was described in terms of having person‐centred routines, workloads and staff roles that all contributed to put the person at the core of the organisation and build routines to support this.

Conclusions

The current study emphasises that, rather than confining person‐centred care to specific moments or relationships, a systematic, multilevel organisational approach seems needed to enable nurses as individuals and teams to provide person‐centred care consistently and continuously to older people in acute care settings.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of this study should inspire nurses and managers to expedite implementation of person‐centred care for older care recipients hospitalised in acute care wards. Examples of person‐centred care are presented herein at clearly identified sites, namely, the “individual,” “team” and “organisational levels.”
Tight control of genomic phosphorothioate modification by the ATP‐modulated autoregulation and reusability of DndB
Authors: Xia Sisi , Chen Jun , Liu Liqiong , Wei Yue , Deng Zixin , Wang Lianrong , Chen Shi
Published: December 2018

DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification was recently identified to occur naturally in diverse bacteria and to be governed by DndABCDE proteins. The nuclease resistance as well as the redox and nucleophilic properties of PT sulfur make PT modification a versatile player in restriction‐modification (R‐M) defense, epigenetic regulation, environmental fitness and the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we discovered that tight control of PT levels is mediated by the ATPase activity of DndB. The ATP‐binding activity of DndB stimulates the dissociation of the DndB‐DNA complex, allowing transcriptional initiation, whereas its ATP hydrolysis activity promotes the conversion of DndB‐ATP to free DndB that is capable of rebinding to promoter DNA for transcriptional inhibition. Since sulfur incorporation is an ATP‐consuming process, these activities provide an economical way to fine‐tune PT modification in an ATP‐sensing manner. To our knowledge, this ATP‐mediated regulation is a rare example among DNA epigenetic modification systems; the features of autoregulation and the repeated usage of DndB allow the dedicated regulation of PT levels in response to cellular ATP concentrations, providing insight into PT function and its role in physiology.
An indissoluble knot: An unexpected troubleshooting during Micra implantation
Authors: Cipolletta Laura , Volpato Giovanni , Biffi Mauro , Capucci Alessandro
Published: December 2018

Micra is a transcatheter leadless pacing system delivered percutaneously through femoral vein access into the right ventricle. We are going to describe an initially standard procedure, with an unexpected troubleshooting at the end: the impossibility to release the device and retract the delivery due to a knot in the tether.
Vagus nerve stimulation reduces ventricular arrhythmias and increases ventricular electrical stability
Authors: Nasi‐Er Buajieer‐guli , Wenhui Zhang , HuaXin Sun , Xianhui Zhou , Yaodong Li , Yanmei Lu , Hongli Wang , TuEr‐Hong ZuKe‐la , Qina Zhou , BaoPeng Tang
Published: December 2018

Background

Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (AB‐VNS) is a potentially noninvasive, inexpensive, and safe approach for vagus nerve stimulation that suppresses the induction and duration of atrial fibrillation and reduces sympathetic nerve outflow in healthy humans. Researchers have not determined whether AB‐VNS affects ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective

To evaluate the antiarrhythmic effects of noninvasive AB‐VNS on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results

Twelve beagle dogs were randomly divided into the following two groups: a AB‐VNS group (coronary artery occlusion and noninvasive AB‐VNS) and a control group (coronary artery occlusion but without AB‐VNS). We examined spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular electrophysiological properties, and cardiac function in conscious dogs. Morphology, fibrosis, and ultrastructures were also assessed. AB‐VNS significantly reduced the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, including isolated premature ventricular complexes, ventricular couplets, ventricular bigeminy, ventricular trigeminy, and ventricular tachycardia. AB‐VNS effectively increased ventricular electrical stability, including significantly prolonged ventricular effective refractory periods, decreased the dispersion of effective refractory period, enhanced the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and decreased the maximum slope of the monophasic action potential duration restitution curve. AB‐VNS treatments alleviate ventricular interstitial fibrosis after MI. However, cardiac function was not improved, and MI‐induced ultrastructural changes in the myocardium were not reversed by 4 weeks of AB‐VNS. In addition, AB‐VNS for 4 weeks resulted in mild mitochondrial swelling within the neuronal axons of the auricular vagus fiber.

Conclusions

Noninvasive AB‐VNS reduces the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in conscious dogs with MI. AB‐VNS increases ventricular electrical stability and alleviates ventricular interstitial fibrosis induced by MI.
Phytochrome F plays critical roles in potato photoperiodic tuberization
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Song Botao , Liu Tengfei , Shen Yunlong , Dong Liepeng , Jing Shenglin , Xie Conghua , Liu Jun
Published: December 2018

The transition to tuberization contributes greatly to the adaptability of potato to a wide range of environments. Phytochromes are important light receptors for the growth and development of plants, but the detailed functions of phytochromes remain unclear in potato. In this study, we first confirmed that phytochrome F (StPHYF) played essential roles in photoperiodic tuberization in potato. By suppressing the StPHYF gene, the strict short‐day potato genotype exhibited normal tuber formation under long‐day (LD) conditions, together with the degradation of the CONSTANTS protein StCOL1 and modulation of two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) paralogs, as demonstrated by the repression of StSP5G and by the activation of StSP6A during the light period. The function of StPHYF was further confirmed through grafting the scion of StPHYF‐silenced lines, which induced the tuberization of untransformed stock under LDs, suggesting that StPHYF was involved in the production of mobile signals for tuberization in potato. We also identified that StPHYF exhibited substantial interaction with StPHYB both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results indicate that StPHYF plays a role in potato photoperiodic tuberization, possibly by forming a heterodimer with StPHYB.
Brucellosis knowledge and preventive practices among herders in Western Mongolia
Authors: Bat‐Erdene Delgermaa , Chuang Ying‐Chih , Chuang Kun‐Yang
Published: December 2018

Lack of knowledge regarding brucellosis may lead to highly risky practices. Among herders in Mongolia, little research was conducted assessing the extent of knowledge related to brucellosis, the type of preventive behaviours that were practiced, and the relationship between knowledge and behaviour regarding brucellosis. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two provinces of Mongolia where herders were randomly selected to participate in the study. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 485 herders participated in the study. The results indicated that brucellosis preventive practices were significantly associated with sex, location, use of veterinary services, exposure to TV programs and knowledge of brucellosis. Regional disparities in knowledge and behaviour were observed in this research. Herders were more likely to engage in preventive practices if they had a higher level of knowledge of brucellosis. Findings from this research indicated that the effectiveness of incorporating health education through TV programs, as well as the importance of ensuring access to veterinary services in brucellosis prevention.
A new surface gliding species of Chironomidae: An independent invasion of marine environments and its evolutionary implications
Authors: Qi Xin , Lin Xiao‐Long , Ekrem Torbjørn , Beutel Rolf Georg , Song Chao , Orlov Igor , Chen Chun‐Tang , Wang Xin‐Hua
Published: December 2018

Insects have invaded marine habitats only rarely and secondarily. Recently, we discovered a flightless dipteran species skating rapidly on the surface of seawater ponds at the Pacific coast of eastern China. Morphological analyses initially suggested an isolated position of the non‐biting midge, suggesting the erection of a new genus within Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae). However, an analysis of molecular data revealed that the marine species is in fact nested within the species‐rich genus Dicrotendipes. The apparent conflict between molecular and morphological data can be easily explained. It is likely that the new species has evolved a series of autapomorphic adaptations. These traits clearly distinguish the taxon from other species of the genus but do not justify the erection of a new supraspecific taxon, which would render Dicrotendipes paraphyletic. The switch to marine environments was likely a trigger for various morphological modifications resulting from increased selective pressure. Molecular data suggest that the potential speciation event occurred around 19–29 Ma, linked with a migration from freshwater to seawater ponds along the Pacific Ocean. Considering the results of our analysis, we place the flightless marine skater in the genus Dicrotendipes. All life stages of Dicrotendipes sinicus Qi & Lin sp. n. are described and illustrated, associated with larvae obtained by rearing or confirmed through association with DNA barcodes. The biology and ecology of the species are outlined based on collection data and in situ observations. Evolutionary patterns linked with repeated invasions of marine habitats are discussed.
Discovering the forbidden Raman modes at the edges of layered materials
Authors: Guo Yao , Zhang Weixuan , Wu Hanchun , Han Junfeng , Zhang Yongliang , Lin Shenghuang , Liu Chunru , Xu Kang , Qiao Jingsi , Ji Wei , Chen Qing , Gao Song , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Xiangdong , Chai Yang
Published: December 2018

Forbidden Raman modes of layered materials (MoS
2
, WS
2
, WSe
2
, and black phosphorus) are detected from the edge regions.
Rates and characteristics of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer in the Swedish IBD population: what are the differences from a non-IBD population?
Authors: Stjärngrim Jessica , Ekbom Anders , Hammar Ulf , Hultcrantz Rolf , Forsberg Anna M
Published: December 2018

Objective

The rate of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is considered a key quality indicator of colonoscopy; little is known about PCCRC in IBD.

Design

A population-based cohort study of colonoscopies in Sweden from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. Individuals with a colorectal cancer (CRC) detected within 36 months after a colonoscopy were identified and stratified on UC, Crohn’s disease (CD) or non-IBD. The CRCs were classified as detected CRCs (dCRC) (0–6 months) or as PCCRCs (6–36 months). PCCRC rates were calculated by the number of false negative/(the number of true positive+the number of false negative) colonoscopies. Poisson regression analysis was employed to examine the association between PCCRC and IBD (CD and UC) diagnosis, age, gender, location, time period and comorbidities.

Results

We identified 348 232 colonoscopies in 270 918 individuals. Of these, 27 123 were performed on 14 597 individuals with CD, and 51 572 were performed on 26 513 individuals with UC. There were 13 317 CRCs in the non-IBD group, 133 in the CD group and 281 in the UC group. The PCCRC rate in the CD group was 28.3% and 41.0% in the UC group. The RR for a PCCRC was 3.82 (95% CI 2.94 to 4.96) in CD and 5.89 (95% CI 5.10 to 6.80) in UC, compared with non-IBD. The highest risk was observed among rectal cancer location in CD and in younger individuals with UC.

Conclusion

The high rates of PCCRC in young patients with UC and for rectal cancer location in CD might affect future performance of IBD surveillance.
Role of TLR4 in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease: a translational study from men to mice
Authors: Perez-Pardo Paula , Dodiya Hemraj B , Engen Phillip A , Forsyth Christopher B , Huschens Andrea M , Shaikh Maliha , Voigt Robin M , Naqib Ankur , Green Stefan J , Kordower Jeffrey H , Shannon Kathleen M , Garssen Johan , Kraneveld Aletta D , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: December 2018

Objective

Recent evidence suggesting an important role of gut-derived inflammation in brain disorders has opened up new directions to explore the possible role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. Given the prominence of dysbiosis and colonic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), we propose that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated intestinal dysfunction could contribute to intestinal and central inflammation in PD-related neurodegeneration.

Design

To test this hypothesis we performed studies in both human tissue and a murine model of PD. Inflammation, immune activation and microbiota composition were measured in colonic samples from subjects with PD and healthy controls subjects and rotenone or vehicle-treated mice. To further assess the role of the TLR4 signalling in PD-induced neuroinflammation, we used TLR4-knockout (KO) mice in conjunction with oral rotenone administration to model PD.

Results

Patients with PD have intestinal barrier disruption, enhanced markers of microbial translocation and higher pro-inflammatory gene profiles in the colonic biopsy samples compared with controls. In this regard, we found increased expression of the bacterial endotoxin-specific ligand TLR4, CD3+ T cells, cytokine expression in colonic biopsies, dysbiosis characterised by a decrease abundance of SCFA-producing colonic bacteria in subjects with PD. Rotenone treatment in TLR4-KO mice revealed less intestinal inflammation, intestinal and motor dysfunction, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, relative to rotenone-treated wild-type animals despite the presence of dysbiotic microbiota in TLR4-KO mice.

Conclusion

Taken together, these studies suggest that TLR4-mediated inflammation plays an important role in intestinal and/or brain inflammation, which may be one of the key factors leading to neurodegeneration in PD.
Yield of peripheral sodium channels gene screening in pure small fibre neuropathy
Authors: Eijkenboom Ivo , Sopacua Maurice , Hoeijmakers Janneke G J , de Greef Bianca T A , Lindsey Patrick , Almomani Rowida , Marchi Margherita , Vanoevelen Jo , Smeets Hubertus J M , Waxman Stephen G , Lauria Giuseppe , Merkies Ingemar S J , Faber Catharina G , Gerrits Monique M
Published: December 2018

Background

Neuropathic pain is common in peripheral neuropathy. Recent genetic studies have linked pathogenic voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) variants to human pain disorders. Our aims are to determine the frequency ofSCN9A,SCN10AandSCN11Avariants in patients with pure small fibre neuropathy (SFN), analyse their clinical features and provide a rationale for genetic screening.

Methods

Between September 2009 and January 2017, 1139 patients diagnosed with pure SFN at our reference centre were screened forSCN9A,SCN10AandSCN11Avariants. Pathogenicity of variants was classified according to established guidelines of the Association for Clinical Genetic Science and frequencies were determined. Patients with SFN were grouped according to the VGSC variants detected, and clinical features were compared.

Results

Among 1139 patients with SFN, 132 (11.6%) patients harboured 73 different (potentially) pathogenic VGSC variants, of which 50 were novel and 22 were found in ≥ 1 patient. The frequency of (potentially) pathogenic variants was 5.1% (n=58/1139) forSCN9A,3.7% (n=42/1139) forSCN10Aand 2.9% (n=33/1139) forSCN11A. Only erythromelalgia-like symptoms and warmth-induced pain were significantly more common in patients harbouring VGSC variants.

Conclusion

(Potentially) pathogenic VGSC variants are present in 11.6% of patients with pure SFN. Therefore, genetic screening ofSCN9A, SCN10AandSCN11Ashould be considered in patients with pure SFN, independently of clinical features or underlying conditions.
Ḥayyūdj, Revolução Gramatical do Hebraico e o سَاكِت لَتّن סַאכִּן לַיִّן Sākin Layyin “Repouso Frágil”
Authors: Faldini Fabio
Published: December 2018

A noção de que o verbo hebraico é triliteral e formado pela intercalação de dois morfemas ‒ um consonantal, que lhe outorga o sentido abstrato, e outro transfixo, formado por vogais e consoantes que lhe definem o sentido concreto e materializado ‒ remonta à segunda metade do século X, ao sábio andaluz Abū Zakariyaʾ Yaḥya Ibn Dāwūd, de Fez (Marrocos), mais conhecido como Ḥayyūdj. Neste artigo, apresenta-se quem foi este grande sábio, as suas obras e de forma sucinta o conceito gramatical que sustenta a teoria da triliteralidade do verbo hebraico por ele desenvolvida: o سَاكِت لَتّن סַאכִּן לַיִّן  sākin layyin “quiescente frágil”.
Os Campos de Concentração
Authors: Arendt Hannah
Published: December 2018

Tradução feita por Rafael Rocca dos Santos do texto sobre os Campos de Concentração de Hannah Arendt.
Análise comparativa de discursos
Authors: Grillo Sheila Vieira de Camargo , Machado Flávia Sílvia , Campos Maria Inês Batista
Published: December 2018

A proposta deste número é congregar artigos que avancem reflexões teóricas e metodológicas, bem como realizem análises comparativas de discursos em duas ou mais línguas/culturas.
Uma questão de tableaux: Sade, vitalismo médico e pedagogia ficcional
Authors: Gomes Lívia Cristina
Published: December 2018

Este artigo se volta à tessitura de uma dupla relação produzida entre os tratados médicos e as narrativas ficcionais setecentistas, sobretudo as que eram consideradas “licenciosas”. Com isto, almeja-se mostrar, por meio da análise de um excerto da Nouvelle Justine (1799), como Sade dramatiza em sua obra os discursos que lhe eram (quase) contemporâneos, tornando-os equívocos.
‘Será que o antigo preconceito não é forte demais?’: a união no romance de Jane Austen*
Authors: Cass Thiago Rhys Bezerra
Published: December 2018

Um dos traços distintivos dos romances adultos de Jane Austen é a ausência de qualquer incursão ficcional à chamada periferia celta do Reino Unido: Escócia, Gales e Irlanda. Tal interdição, embora deliberada, contraria o ostensivo realismo de Austen. Este ensaio discute como os romances de Austen, situados exclusivamente na Inglaterra, apenas com personagens ingleses, engendram, compensatoriamente, uma reticência narrativa que expõe a incompletude da União.
À roda da vida: escrita de si e persona literária nos ensaios de Charles Lamb e nas crônicas de Machado de Assis
Authors: Monteiro Daniel Lago
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo se propõe a investigar as afinidades entre os ensaios de periódicos de Charles Lamb (1775-1834) e as séries de crônicas de Machado de Assis (1839-1908), a fim de observar o comportamento uniforme de um narrador-eu que costura os acontecimentos cotidianos à luz de suas memórias e experiências de vida.
O riso em a Hora da Estrela, de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Duarte Edson Costa
Published: December 2018

Em A hora da estrela, Clarice Lispector expõe os paradoxos do ato de escrever, como já havia exposto em alguns de seus livros. Este é um dos problemas centrais do livro, no qual a impossibilidade de resolução destes paradoxos é metaforizada pelo silêncio, pelo vazio, pela ruína do próprio texto. Neste livro nós encontramos a diluição do tempo, da trama narrativa, o esfacelamento da obra literária e, por fim, a exposição dos bastidores da criação literária pelos narradores.
Fora do tempo
Authors: Guinsburg Jacó
Published: December 2018

Memórias de Jacó Guinsburg.
Escrever sobre o avô
Authors: Chnaiderman Beatriz
Published: December 2018

Memórias de Beatriz Chnaiderman.
Um pacto malogrado: Boris Schnaiderman e Antonio Candido
Authors: Ferreira Jerusa Pires
Published: December 2018

Memórias de Jerusa Pires Ferreira.
Paródia e mundo do riso
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Artigo de Boris Schnaiderman.
Apêndice
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Referências às contribuições de Boris Schnaiderman à revista Literatura e Sociedade.
Entre o Oriente e o Ocidente: a problemática do duplo no romance Les Désorientés, de Amin Maalouf
Authors: Staudt Sheila Katiane
Published: December 2018

Comparado a um Ulisses moderno, nosso herói Adam sofre os percalços de ser estrangeiro e exilado na capital francesa, além de regressar à sua terra natal – Líbano – e confrontar-se com os fantasmas do passado. O romance Les désorientés, do escritor francês Amin Maalouf, publicado em 2012, apresenta, desde o seu título, a falta de orientação, a necessidade de um norte por parte das personagens. A escrita dupla do texto vai ao encontro das personagens que orbitam nosso protagonista, por vezes, reflexos invertidos de si mesmas. Buscar os rastros do duplo na trajetória de nosso narrador-personagem Adam é o que pretendemos nesse trabalho, bem como entender os diversos (re)encontros vividos por ele ao longo da travessia. Autoconhecimento, aprendizagem, alteridade são apenas algumas das experiências por que passa nosso herói que migra do Oriente ao Ocidente (e vice-versa) tentando, quiçá, encontrar a si mesmo.
Poesia recupera Amor
Authors: Barbosa Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2018

A fim de compartilhar o fórum de reflexões literárias concernentes ao Bildungsroman, o artigo que apresento resulta da minha pesquisa sobre a literatura de Novalis, a partir da compreensão dos contextos e debates poéticos que concernem à composição de Heinrich von Ofterdingen, romance que permaneceu inconcluso e passível de interpretações dos manuscritos e da crítica dos prototextos, após a morte do escritor. A essa incompletude circunstancial soma-se a do caráter específico do gênero textual romance composto de abstrações de valores morais, religiosos e de personificações dos elementos do mundo orgânico e inorgânico, o que pressupõe a ocorrência de uma alegoria literária. Considerando a complexidade do texto, este estudo desencadeia a leitura crítica com os primeiros comentários identificadores resultantes da leitura atentiva, visando a tradução, a descrição, a análise e a interpretação de um fenômeno poético mais amplo, o Romantismo.
Philip Pirrip as grandes e as perdidas ilusões
Authors: Vasconcelos Sandra Guardini
Published: December 2018

Este artigo explora a aclimatação do paradigma do Bildungsroman no âmbito da tradição literária inglesa, discutindo suas ressonâncias no romance Grandes esperanças de Charles Dickens. Argumenta-se que as decisivas mudanças decorrentes dos processos de industrialização e urbanização, assim como a ascensão das classes médias, imprimem traços específicos à narrativa da trajetória do herói, a qual encarna as contradições de seu tempo.
As formas de escravização presente na Lei das doze tábuas (século V A.C.)
Authors: Ferreira Ana Carolina Sodré
Published: December 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo buscou analisar as formas de escravização existentes no século V a.C. na sociedade romana à partir da análise da Lei das Doze Tábuas e do contexto social do início da república, objetivando identificar finalidades não-econômicas no processo de escravização durante este século. Para atingir este objetivo, o artigo baseou-se na teoria de Keith R. Bradley de que, em um primeiro momento, a escravidão na sociedade romana não era majoritária nem possuía fins exclusivamente econômicos. Na primeira parte do artigo, foi levantando um debate historiográfico sobre as características da escravidão romana ao longo dos séculos; na segunda parte, discorreu-se sobre os conflitos entre plebeus e patrícios no período arcaico, destacando suas motivações, reivindicações e características gerais; em um terceiro momento, foi realizada a análise de três passagens da Lei das Doze Tábuas, sendo identificadas três formas de escravização provenientes dos direitos paterno, jurídico e financeiro. Por fim, nas considerações finais, foi argumentado que a Lei das Doze Tábuas apesar de ter sido uma conquista da plebe, não favoreceu esta, pois continuou à beneficiar os patrícios e à manter à escravidão por dívidas; no que se refere à escravidão, o contexto da época e a ausência de uma regulamentação da escravidão na Lei das Doze Tábuas, sugerem que a escravização no século V a.C. não possuía finalidades exclusivamente econômicas.
O debate legislativo sobre a assistência psiquiátrica na primeira república
Authors: Saiol José Roberto Silvestre
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho investiga os debates envolvidos no processo de negociação social e política que se fazem presentes durante a elaboração de documentos legislativos voltados para a área da assistência psiquiátrica no contexto brasileiro da Primeira República, considerando-se dois espaços sociais específicos e sua respectiva documentação: os Anais da Câmara dos Deputados, relativos aos anos de 1903 e 1926; e as atas da Sociedade Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Medicina Legal (SBNPML) referentes ao recorte temporal privilegiado (1910-1927). Como resultados da pesquisa, foi possível observar os modos específicos como os debates legislativos para a assistência psiquiátrica aparecem de modo diferenciado nos dois espaços analisados: a circulação e influência de médicos psiquiatras na dinâmica específica na produção de um registro legislativo no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados; a existência de continuidades e descontinuidades entre os projetos de lei analisados; a presença constante nos debates de matérias relativas ao federalismo e à hierarquia dos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário na implementação de mudanças na Assistência a Alienados; nas atas da SBNPML e nas notícias dos Anais Brasileiros de Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Medicina Legal observa-se a falta de controvérsias, apesar da presença do tema legislativo nesta sociedade científica.
Effects of Thinking Dispositions, General Ability, Numeracy, and Instructional Set on Judgments and Decision-Making
Authors: Klaczynski Paul A. , Felmban Wejdan
Published: December 2018

To explore hypotheses based on Stanovich’s proposal that analytic processing comprises a reflective-level, an algorithmic level, and specific mindware, 342 participants completed measures of thinking dispositions, general ability (GA), numeracy, and probabilistic and nonprobabilistic reasoning. In a control condition, numeracy predicted probabilistic reasoning at high levels of both thinking dispositions and GA, and GA predicted nonprobabilistic reasoning at high levels of thinking dispositions. In a logic instruction condition, numeracy predicted probabilistic reasoning when GA was high, and GA affected nonprobabilistic reasoning directly. Thinking dispositions moderated neither relationship. Instead, instructions facilitated reasoning for low thinking disposition/high-ability participants, suggesting that logic instructions cued low thinking disposition individuals to engage in higher order reflective processing. The evidence is consistent with the proposals that reflective processes are essential to the allocation of algorithmic resources, and algorithmic resources are necessary for effective mindware implementation.
He–Laplace method for general nonlinear periodic solitary solution of vibration equations
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , Lu Dianchen , Yue Chen , Ul Rahman Jamshaid , Anjum Naveed
Published: December 2018

This paper suggests a universal approach to solve nonlinear periodic vibration equations by He–Laplace method, a coupling of He’s perturbation method and Laplace transform. The nonlinear periodic solitary solution of vibration equation is used as an example to elucidate the effectiveness and simplicity of the method, only few iterations are needed to obtain an extremely accurate solution.
Reversal of ε-Aminocaproic Acid-Induced Massive Thromboemboli Using Tissue Plasminogen Activator During Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Kevin M. , Rajan Govind R.
Published: December 2018

ε-Aminocaproic acid is routinely used in cardiac surgery to prevent excess bleeding. It is rarely associated with thrombotic events. This case report illustrates the formation of intracardiac thrombi leading to massive pulmonary embolism during a coronary artery bypass graft surgery, secondary to the administration of ε-aminocaproic acid as confirmed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram. After a failure of resolution with high-dose heparin, tissue plasminogen activator was used to successfully reverse the patient’s hypercoagulable state.
Perioperative Clinical Considerations in a Patient With Carotid Agenesis: A Case Report
Authors: Rambhia Milly T. , Kamenetsky Eric
Published: December 2018

An 86-year-old female with previously diagnosed congenitally absent right internal carotid artery presented for total shoulder arthroplasty. Bedside ultrasonography confirmed the anomaly and identified several arterial collateral vessels. No aberrant vessels were seen traversing the brachial plexus. The patient received brachial plexus blockade and general anesthesia for the procedure. Carotid agenesis is associated with increased prevalence of intracranial aneurysm. Patients are often asymptomatic due to adequate blood supply from collateral vessels. Ultrasonography for brachial plexus blockade or central line access may yield initial diagnosis or confirm a preexisting anomaly that has anesthetic implications. These prospects encourage vigilance in perioperative imaging.