bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of PsHMGR1 and PsTPS1 Related to Floral Terpenoids Biosynthesis in Tree Peony
Authors: Ma Bo , Li Zi-Yao , Li Rong-Chen , Xu Mei-Chen , Wang Zhen-Quan , Leng Ping-Sheng , Hu Zeng-Hui , Wu Jing
Published: November 2024

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), as a popular ornamental plant worldwide, has a unique floral fragrance, and it is important in the pollination, ornamental, food, and fragrance product industries. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the synthesis of floral fragrance terpenoids in tree peony are not well understood, constraining their exploitation. P. suffruticosa ‘Oukan’ produces strong floral fragrance terpenoids with high ornamental value and excellent stress resistance and is considered a valuable model for studying tree peony floral fragrance formation. Based on transcriptome data analysis, the PsHMGR1 and PsTPS1 genes associated with floral terpene synthesis were cloned. Then, PsHMGR1 and PsTPS1 were functionally characterized by amino acid sequence analysis, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, qRT-PCR, and transgenic assay. PsHMGR1 contains two transmembrane structures and a conserved HMG-CoA_reductase_class I domain, and PsTPS1 belongs to TPS-a subfamily. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of PsHMGR1 and PsTPS1 increased and then decreased at different flower development stages, and both were significantly higher in flowers than in roots, stems, and leaves. In addition, the linalool content in PsHMGR1 transgenic lines was significantly higher than that of WT. Germacrene D, which was not found in WT, was detected in the flowers of PsTPS1 transgenic lines. These results indicate that PsHMGR1 and PsTPS1 promote terpene synthesis in plants and provide ideas for the molecular mechanism of enhancing terpene synthesis in tree peony floral fragrance.
Identification of Host Factors Interacting with Movement Proteins of the 30K Family in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Villar-Álvarez David , Leastro Mikhail Oliveira , Pallas Vicente , Sánchez-Navarro Jesús Ángel
Published: November 2024

The interaction of viral proteins with host factors represents a crucial aspect of the infection process in plants. In this work, we developed a strategy to identify host factors in Nicotiana tabacum that interact with movement proteins (MPs) of the 30K family, a group of viral proteins around 30 kDa related to the MP of tobacco mosaic virus, which enables virus movement between plant cells. Using the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) MP as a model, we incorporated tags into its coding sequence, without affecting its functionality, enabling the identification of 121 potential interactors through in vivo immunoprecipitation of the tagged MP. Further analysis of five selected candidates (histone 2B (H2B), actin, 14-3-3A protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (elF4A), and a peroxidase-POX-) were conducted using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The interactions between these factors were also studied, revealing that some form part of protein complexes associated with AMV MP. Moreover, H2B, actin, 14-3-3, and eIF4A interacted with other MPs of the 30K family. This observation suggests that, beyond functional and structural features, 30K family MPs may share common interactors. Our results demonstrate that tagging 30K family MPs is an effective strategy to identify host factors associated with these proteins during viral infection.
Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Based on Transcriptomics: Unravelling the Differentiation Dynamics of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and the Regulatory Mechanism of Protopanaxatriol
Authors: Zhao Yaru , Wang Xv , Teng Hongbo , Zhao Tianyi , Nadembega Wendyam Marie Christelle , Fan Xinhua , Zhang Wenxin , Fan Bowen , Chi Yuye , Zhao Yan , Liu Shuangli
Published: November 2024

The intricate regulatory mechanisms governing adipocyte differentiation are pivotal in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying obesity. This study aims to explore the dynamic changes in gene expression during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes using transcriptomics methods. Protopanaxatriol (PPT) significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. To uncover the molecular mechanisms, we conducted an extensive transcriptomic analysis of adipocytes throughout various differentiation stages, comparing gene expression profiles before and after PPT treatment. The construction of 16 co-expression modules was achieved using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The 838 differentially expressed genes in the blue module were highly correlated with PPT treatment. Further analysis revealed that PIKfyve, STAT3, JAK1, CTTN, TYK2, JAK3, STAT2, STAT5b, SOCS3, and IRF9 were core genes closely associated with adipocyte differentiation. This discovery underscores the potential pivotal function of these ten genes in regulating adipocyte differentiation. This study elucidated that PPT, an active ingredient in ginseng, could reduce lipid accumulation by inhibiting the differentiation of adipocyte precursors through the negative regulation of genes such as PIKfyve, STAT3, and JAK1. Finally, molecular docking identified potential binding sites for PPT on PIKfyve and JAK1. This study provides potential drug targets for preventing obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Influence of Insect-Based Diets on Rural Leisure, Tourism, and Public Consumption—A Case Study from Yunnan, China
Authors: Lin Hsiao-Hsien , Li Qi-Yuan , Wang Ming-Hui , Jin Zhong-Xuan , Shen Chih-Chien , Chen Gan-Hong
Published: November 2024

This study analyzed the effects of insect-based diets on rural leisure activities, tourism, and consumption. A questionnaire survey was conducted, with 900 valid samples being obtained. The collected data were then analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis, a t-test, and a Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient test by using the SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Subsequently, semistructured interviews were conducted to collect expert and public opinions on the analysis results. Finally, literature findings and the collected questionnaire and interview data were reviewed through multivariate validation analysis. According to the results, the public agrees that entomophagy culture and insect cuisine can enhance leisure and tourism appeal. Entomophagy culture can also stimulate rural economic, social, and environmental development as well as rural consumption. However, modern public infrastructure and medical facilities are still required to increase tourism accessibility. Local governments must improve public sanitation, moral standards, and the overall quality of tourism and living environments. They must also attract corporate investment and cultivate entrepreneurship among residents to develop new insect-based tourism and leisure activities, food, and products. These measures can enhance the influence of insects on the sustainable development of leisure activities, tourism, and economies in rural regions.
RNAi-Mediated FoxO Silencing Inhibits Reproduction in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Xu Jiaying , Yuan Zeming , Zhao Huazhang , Wu Xinru , Cai Nina , Ma Tingting , Tang Bin , Chen Gongxing , Wang Shigui
Published: November 2024

FoxO is a downstream target gene of cellular nutrient and growth factors, oxidative stress responses, and insulin signaling pathways. It play a crucial role in insect growth, development, and reproduction. Locusta migratoria is a significant agricultural pest; therefore, the identification of novel control targets for its management is of significant importance. After injecting dsRNA to interfere with FoxO expression, we observed changes in the reproduction-related gene expression and ovary development through RT-qPCR and morphological observation. Simultaneously, the trehalose and glycogen contents were measured following RNAi. The results demonstrate that interference with FoxO significantly downregulates key genes in the Hippo pathway and Notch gene expression. In terms of carbohydrate metabolism, the trehalose content decreases significantly while the glycogen content increases markedly after FoxO silencing. Additionally, FoxO silencing considerably inhibits reproductive-related gene expression, resulting in delayed ovarian development. These findings indicate that FoxO regulates L. migratoria reproduction through the Hippo signaling pathway: when impaired, the reproductive capacity function declines. In addition, FoxO-mediated energy mobilization is involved in the regulation of egg production. These results indicate that the RNAi of FoxO may be a useful control strategy against L. migratoria.
Chasing a Little-Known Fairy Bee (Perdita meconis) in a Dynamic Desert Landscape
Authors: Chanprame Sarit , Meidt Colleen , Griswold Terry , Wilson Joseph S. , Graham Kelsey K.
Published: November 2024

It is widely understood that bees play an important role in many different ecosystems, due to the services they provide as pollinators [...]
A Review of the Multiple-Readout Concept and Its Application in an Integrally Active Calorimeter
Authors: Gatto Corrado , Di Benedetto Vito , Mazzacane Anna
Published: November 2024

A comprehensive multi-jet physics program is anticipated for experiments at future colliders. Key physics processes necessitate detectors that can distinguish signals from W and Z bosons and the Higgs boson. Typical examples include channels with W+W− or ZoZo pairs and processes involving new physics in those cases where neutral particles must be disentangled from charged ones due to the presence of W or Z bosons in their final states. Such a physics program demands calorimetric energy resolution at or beyond the limits of traditional calorimetric techniques. Multiple-readout calorimetry, which aims to reduce fluctuations in energy measurements of hadronic showers, is a promising approach. The first part of this article reviews dual- and triple-readout calorimetry within a mathematical framework describing the underlying compensating mechanism. The second part proposes a potential implementation using an integrally active and total absorption detector. This model serves as the basis for several Monte Carlo studies, illustrating how the response of a multiple-readout calorimeter depends on construction parameters. Among the layouts considered, one configuration operating in triple-readout mode shows the potential to achieve an energy resolution approaching 20%/E.
Characteristics of Side Effects in Non-Emergency Indications Using Computer-Controlled Pressurized Monoplace Hyperbaric Chambers: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Lee Hee-Young , Kang Soo , Paik Jin-Hui , Ahn Tae-Kyu , Seo Young-Ho , Kim Hyun , Cha Yong-Sung , Lee Yoonsuk
Published: November 2024

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves inhaling nearly 100% oxygen in a pressurized environment and is commonly used to treat various diseases and injuries. Despite its well-known safety, HBOT is associated with side effects, with frequent middle ear barotrauma (MEB) and oxygen toxicity. Understanding the characteristics and risk factors associated with these side effects is critical for improving patient compliance and treatment outcomes. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study aimed to analyze the characteristics and factors associated with side effects during HBOT using a computer-controlled pressurized monoplace hyperbaric chamber. We conducted a retrospective observational study across the two tertiary hospitals in Korea, involving patients who received HBOT from October 2016 for one hospital and October 2017 for another hospital to June 2020. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and hyperbaric chamber logs, including patient demographics, medical history, HBOT indications, and details of side effects. Statistical analyses, including chi-square and t-tests, were used to compare variables. Results: A total of 247 patients (mean age: 59.35 ± 15.05 years, 63.56% male) were included. The most common indications for HBOT were sudden sensorineural hearing loss (27.94%) and post-graft/flap (24.29%). Hypertension (46.15%) and diabetes mellitus (39.27%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Otalgia was the most prevalent side effect (33.20%), followed by chest discomfort (2.02%) and headache (1.62%). A significant proportion of patients (11.74%) terminated HBOT due to side effects, with most pauses occurring at pressures between 1.2 and 1.4 ATA (26.67%). Side effects, particularly otalgia, significantly impact patient compliance with HBOT. Conclusions: The incidence of side effects varies by pressure level during treatment, suggesting the need for tailored strategies to minimize side effects. This study highlights the importance of patient monitoring and education to improve the safety and efficacy of HBOT in monoplace chambers.
The Association Between Elevated Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Prolonged Length of Stay Among Adult Diabetic Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: A Large Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Kuchar Aviel , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Feigin Eugene , Shemesh Elad , Buch Assaf , Eldor Roy , Greenman Yona , Izkhakov Elena
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypothyroidism are two of the most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice. Hospital length of stay (LOS) is a quality metric of the health systems. We evaluated the association between elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and prolonged LOS among all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with DM admitted to our Internal Medicine departments between 2014 and 2022. Methods: Data on patient characteristics, LOS, and in-hospital mortality were collected. A TSH level > 4.7 μIU/mL was considered as being elevated. A LOS > 75th percentile and in-hospital mortality were defined as being prolonged. Univariate and multivariable analyses were applied, and propensity score matching controlled for differences between patients with normal and those with elevated TSH levels. Results: Of the 19,066 study participants (median age 75.6 years, IQR 75.9–83.3), 1524 (7.9%) had elevated TSH levels, and prolonged LOS was significantly more common among them (before matching: 38.6% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001; after matching: 38.7% vs. 32.6%, p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, elevated TSH levels were also associated with prolonged LOS (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Elevated TSH levels in diabetic patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine departments are associated with prolonged LOS, emphasizing the importance of identifying hypothyroidism among them.
The Relationship Between Systemic Immune Inflammatory Level and Dry Eye in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Uzeli Ülkem Şen , Doğan Ayşe Gülşen , Şahin Tayfun
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives: Sjögren Syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic, and progressive autoimmune disease in which inflammatory processes play a role. Dry eyes or mouth are present in approximately 95–98% of patients with pSS. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII level and disease activity as well as dry eye involvement in patients with pSS. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, and a total of 28 female patients who were aged 18–65 years and were diagnosed with pSS were involved. The Sjögren Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) was calculated in patients. The Schirmer test was applied to all patients. The relationship between SII level and disease activity as well as dry eye involvement in pSS patients was evaluated. Results: In our study, a strong positive correlation was found between the SII value and pSS disease activity, while a negative correlation was found between the Schirmer test, which shows dry eye findings, and eye drying time, and a positive correlation was found with the OSDI. Conclusions: this study reported a correlation between hematological parameters and the development of dry eye in pSS. NLR, PLR, and SII showed statistically significant changes in pSS patients.
Urgent Reversal of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Critical and Life-Threatening Bleeding: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus
Authors: Rodrigues Anabela , Gonçalves Luciana Ricca , Gregório Tiago , Baldaia Cilénia , Santo Gustavo C. , Gouveia João
Published: November 2024

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly being used due to their improved efficacy/safety ratio and lower clinical and economic burden when compared to vitamin K antagonists. However, bleeding is still the most frequent complication associated with DOACs, and although rare, bleeding episodes can be life-threatening or critical. The impact of DOAC anticoagulation activity during a bleeding event must be evaluated according to patient clinical assessment, dosage and time from last intake, the presence of comorbidities (especially kidney and liver dysfunction), and, whenever possible, coagulation tests. Unfortunately, DOACs’ anticoagulation activity is not easily or usually detectable in routine common coagulation testing. Specific DOAC tests allow for specific drug monitoring, but they are too time consuming, and are usually unavailable in routine emergency practice. If a clinically relevant DOAC plasma concentration is assumed or proven in a severe bleeding scenario, DOAC reversal is needed to restore hemostasis. This experts’ consensus provides a narrative review about DOAC reversal and practical life-threatening bleeding management in several scenarios (trauma, intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding), focusing on the selection of patients to whom specific reversal agents should be given.
Novel Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches to Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ribeiro Flávia , Ferreira Hélder
Published: November 2024

Endometriosis and adenomyosis are chronic gynecological conditions that significantly impact women’s quality of life, leading to symptoms such as pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Despite ongoing research, a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive, and treatment often focuses on managing symptoms. Minimally invasive surgery is considered the gold standard for surgical management, but novel surgical techniques are continuously being developed to enhance outcomes. These innovations aim to reduce disease recurrence, improve fertility rates, and provide better long-term symptom relief. In addition, techniques like robot-assisted laparoscopy (RAS) have revolutionized the treatment of complex cases, such as deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), offering improved precision and effectiveness. This review explores the latest advancements in surgical approaches, their clinical efficacy, and future directions, emphasizing the need for individualized multidisciplinary care to optimize patient outcomes.
Zero End-Digit Preference in Blood Pressure and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction—A Study in New Zealand
Authors: Chandel Tanvi , Miranda Victor , Lowe Andrew , Lee Tet Chuan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Blood pressure (BP) readings are often rounded to the nearest zero end-digit. Guidelines permit rounding to the closest 2 mmHg. This paper investigated the effect of rounding systolic blood pressure (SBP) values on the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among the New Zealand population. A total of 427,299 individuals received opportunistic cardiovascular disease risk assessments at primary care facilities in New Zealand. Method: A total of 292,122 SBP readings possessed a non-zero terminal digit. These were rounded to the nearest zero end-digit. A survival model estimating a 5-year CVD risk was applied to both datasets, i.e., with and without rounding. Hazard ratios and misclassification rates were analysed to emphasise the notable differences. Financial impact was assessed by examining healthcare expenditures. Results: In total, 32% of SBP values exhibited a terminal digit of zero, and 2.85% and 4.24% of men were misclassified as moderate and high risk, respectively, while approximately 3.21% of women were misclassified into the same risk categories. Likewise, 1.19% and 0.47% of men, as well as 0.62% and 0.20% of women, were misclassified into the low and moderate risk categories, respectively. Conclusions: Precisely measuring SBP is crucial in accurately assessing CVD risk and managing healthcare resources effectively.
Management Practices for Hemodynamic Impairment in Neonates Born Prematurely: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Lalin Océane , Gaga Simona , Hascoet Jean-Michel
Published: November 2024

Background: No consensus exists on the management of hemodynamic impairment in very premature neonates. At level 3 NICU, the protocol involves an initial infusion of crystalloids, followed by a cardiac ultrasound if the infusion fails to restore appropriate hemodynamics. Based on the ultrasound findings, a decision is then made regarding a second infusion or the prescription of vasopressor amines. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of and compliance with this management practice in neonates born prematurely between 26 and 31 completed weeks of gestation following a plan-do-study-act design. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient records for all neonates who were managed for hemodynamic impairment within the first 24 h of life. Results: Of 604 neonates born during the study period, 68 were included in this study, but only eight cases followed the protocol. Reasons for non-compliance were the absence of cardiac ultrasound and variations in the duration and dosage of fluid administration. There was a significant relationship between blood pressure and positive inspiratory pressure levels at the time of management and compliance with the protocol. Conclusions: A revision of the protocol will emphasize the importance of echocardiography assessment, as all neonates responded to the ultrasound-guided therapy. As a quality improvement measure, attending neonatologists will be trained to thoroughly adhere to the protocol before the next evaluation.
Myopia Progression in School-Age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gökgöz Özışık Gülce , Yilmaz Hayati
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate changes in refraction error in myopic school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The data of 825 myopic children aged 7–18 years were retrospectively screened from the hospital data access system. The cycloplegic prescriptions of the patients in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 were recorded. The patients were divided into three groups according to their ages: ≤10 years (Group A), 11–14 years (Group B), and ≥15 years (Group C). The mean refraction values and annual progression values were compared between the years and age groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.8 ± 3.17 years. Statistical analysis for the overall sample indicated that the annual myopia progression significantly differed between 2018 and 2021 (−0.42 ± 0.37 and −0.53 ± 0.47, respectively) (p < 0.001), and there was also a significant difference in myopia progression observed in all years in the younger age group (−0.34 ± 0.44 for 2018, −0.50 ± 0.49 for 2019, and −0.76 ± 0.59 for 2020). The highest progression (−0.76 ± 0.59) was determined in the younger age group in 2020. Linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between myopia progression from 2020 to 2021 and age (B = 0.049 and p < 0.001). Conclusions: Myopia progression has increased in school-age children during COVID-19, with the younger age group being more affected. During the COVID-19 pandemic, myopia progression in younger children has increased statistically significantly. Thus, at times when distance learning is required, it would be appropriate to plan by taking into account the myopia progression of children.
Utilisation of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and Assessment of Patient Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jacob Abiah , Qudsi Azmi , Kumar Niraj S. , Trevarthen Thomas , Awad Wael I.
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The national early warning score (NEWS) was introduced to improve the detection of, and standardise the assessment of, the severity of acute illness in the National Health Service (NHS). We assessed whether the recommended threshold trigger score of 5 or more in a Critical Care Outreach Team (CCOT) review could accurately predict patients at risk of deterioration following cardiac surgery and patient outcomes. Methods: We investigated adult cardiac surgery patients between October 2019 and December 2021. NEWS 2 parameters triggering CCOT referrals and NEWS 2 parameters < 5 versus ≥5 were compared, and the resulting patient outcomes were evaluated. Results: Over this period, 3710 patients underwent surgery, of whom 162 (4.4%) initiated 193 calls to the CCOT. The mean number of NEWS 2 parameters on CCOT activation was 6.14 ± 2.43 (NEWS 0–16); 34 (20.98%) activations were from patients with NEWS 2 < 5. Low oxygen saturation (SpO2) (59.3%) and oxygen therapy (83.3%) were the most common physiological parameters raising the score. CCOT activations led to 38 transfers from the ward to the high-dependency unit (HDU) and 18 transfers to the intensive therapy unit (ITU). Cardiac arrest calls were initiated in 12 (7.40%) patients and two culminated in death. Fourteen (8.64%) had emergency resternotomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 10.5% (17/162) in patients referred to CCOT versus 3.9% (139/3548) in patients who were not (p < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality in patients with NEWS 2 < 5 vs. NEWS ≥ 5 was 17.6% (6/34) versus 8.6% (11/128) (p = 0.126). Conclusions: There was no difference in in-hospital mortality in patients below or above a NEWS 2 of 5, but there was a significant difference in in-hospital mortality in patients reviewed by the CCOT (p < 0.001). Tailoring the threshold score specifically for the cardiac surgical cohort, in conjunction with clinician involvement, may improve outcomes.
Cardiac Geometry and Function in Patients with Reflex Syncope
Authors: Coseriu Giorgia , Schiop-Tentea Patricia , Apetrei Csilla-Andrea , Mindreanu Iulia-Georgiana , Sarb Adriana-Daniela , Moldovan Madalina-Patricia , Lazar Roxana Daiana , Avram Teodora , Chiorescu Roxana , Gusetu Gabriel , Pop Sorin , Heist Edwin Kevin , Blendea Dan
Published: November 2024

Reflex syncope (RS) is the most prevalent form of syncope, yet its pathophysiology and clinical presentation are not well understood. Despite controversy, the ‘ventricular theory’ remains the most plausible hypothesis to explain RS in susceptible patients. Certain assumptions regarding the geometry and function of the heart are essential in supporting this theory. Given these considerations, the goal of this review was to try to integrate data on heart morphology and function in a phenotype of a patient susceptible to RS. Previous research suggests that a small left ventricle and atria, in addition to a normo- or hypercontractile myocardium, predispose to more syncopal events. These findings have been confirmed in different subsets of patients, including those with small heart and chronic fatigue syndrome, highlighting common pathophysiologic pathways in these subgroups of population. Heart geometry and function seem to play a role in different treatment strategies for RS patients, including the administration of medications, pacing, and possibly cardioneural ablation. In addition, parameters related to the geometry of the heart chambers and of the electrical activation of the heart seem to have predictive value for syncope recurrence. These parameters could be included in the future and improve the accuracy of predictive models for RS.
Glucometabolic Efficacy of the Empagliflozin/Metformin Combination in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A Sub-Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Janić Miodrag , Janež Andrej , Šabović Mišo , El-Tanani Mohamed , Rangraze Imran , Rizzo Manfredi , Lunder Mojca
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: People with type 1 diabetes have an unmet need for cardiovascular protection due to the lack of new recommended antidiabetic therapies with cardiovascular benefits. We examined whether the addition of an empagliflozin/metformin combination, and each drug alone, can complement insulin to improve glucometabolic parameters in overweight people with type 1 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: This pilot, single-center double-blind randomized controlled trial included 40 people with type 1 diabetes. In addition to insulin, they received empagliflozin (25 mg daily), metformin (2000 mg daily), an empagliflozin/metformin combination, or a placebo. The intervention period was 12 weeks. Glycemic parameters, insulin requirements, and blood and urine samples were analyzed. Indices for liver fibrosis were calculated. Due to potential safety concerns, participants regularly measured blood ketone values. Results: The empagliflozin/metformin combination decreased HbA1c (−0.6%, p < 0.05) and weight (−6.1 kg, p < 0.05). Empagliflozin decreased the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (−31.4 ± 4.9%, p = 0.002). The empagliflozin/metformin combination and empagliflozin decreased the estimated daily proteinuria (−34.6 ± 5.0%, p = 0.006 and −35.9 ± 6.2%, p = 0.03, respectively), the calculated FIB-4 (up to −17.8 ± 5.2%, p = 0.04 and −10.7 ± 3.7%, p = 0.02, respectively), and other liver fibrosis indices and uric acid values. No significant side effects occurred during the study. Conclusions: The empagliflozin/metformin combination improved glycemic control, reduced weight and insulin requirements, and produced several additional beneficial metabolic effects in overweight people with type 1 diabetes with increased cardiovascular risk.
Prognostic Factors in Patients Undergoing Physiotherapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Level I Systematic Review
Authors: Baroncini Alice , Maffulli Nicola , Pilone Marco , Pipino Gennaro , Memminger Michael Kurt , Pappalardo Gaetano , Migliorini Filippo
Published: November 2024

Background: Low back pain is common. For patients with mechanic or non-specific chronic LBP (cLBP), the current guidelines suggest conservative, nonpharmacologic treatment as a first-line treatment. Among the available strategies, physiotherapy represents a common option offered to patients presenting with cLBP. The present systematic review investigates the prognostic factors of patients with mechanic or non-specific cLBP undergoing physiotherapy. Methods: In September 2024, the following databases were accessed: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase. All the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the efficacy of a physiotherapy programme in patients with LBP were accessed. All studies evaluating non-specific or mechanical LBP were included. Data concerning the following PROMs were collected: the pain scale, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). A multiple linear model regression analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product–Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results: Data from 2773 patients were retrieved. The mean length of symptoms before the treatment was 61.2 months. Conclusions: Age and BMI might exert a limited influence on the outcomes of the physiotherapeutic management of cLBP. Pain and disability at baseline might represent important predictors of health-related quality of life at the six-month follow-up. Further studies on a larger population with a longer follow-up are required to validate these results.
Analysis of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Romanian Edentulous Patients: Implant-Supported Versus Conventional Complete Dentures
Authors: Sabău Denisa Tabita , Moca Abel Emanuel , Juncar Raluca Iulia , Bota Teofana , Juncar Mihai
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The integration of quality of life (QoL) assessments into dental health evaluations acknowledges the profound impact of oral health on overall well-being. This study aims to compare the impact of implant-supported complete dentures versus conventional complete dentures on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in elderly Romanian edentulous patients. Methods: This longitudinal study involved 93 initially recruited edentulous patients, with 52 completing the study over an 18-month period. Data collection utilized the OHIP-5 questionnaire, assessing the OHRQoL at baseline with conventional dentures and three months post-implant-supported denture placement. Ethical approval was secured from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Oradea, adhering to the Helsinki Declaration principles. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 and included non-parametric tests for score comparisons and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. Results: The comparative analysis of the questionnaire responses revealed significant improvements in all five OHRQoL dimensions post-treatment with implant-supported dentures. For instance, the proportion of patients reporting “never” experiencing difficulty chewing any foods increased from 1.9% at baseline to 57.7% post-treatment. Similarly, those reporting “never” experiencing painful aching rose from 3.8% to 76.9%. There was also a notable reduction in discomfort regarding the appearance of mouth, dentures, or jaws from 3.8% reporting “never” at baseline to 75% post-treatment. The improvements in sense of taste and difficulty in performing usual activities saw comparable increases. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that implant-supported complete dentures significantly enhance OHRQoL among elderly edentulous patients compared to conventional dentures, with improvements noted in mastication ability, pain reduction, aesthetics, taste perception, and activity performance. These results underscore the value of prosthetic interventions in dental care to substantially improve patients’ OHRQoL.
Hemp Waste Stream Valorization Through Pyrolytic Carbonization for Epoxy Composite Strengthening
Authors: Zecchi Silvia , Cristoforo Giovanni , Bartoli Mattia , Rosso Carlo , Tagliaferro Alberto
Published: November 2024

This research addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the combined use of hemp and hemp hurds in composites, presenting a novel approach to bio-composite development. We report on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites reinforced with hemp fibers and hemp hurds, selected for their sustainability, biodegradability, and environmental benefits. These natural fibers offer a renewable alternative to synthetic fibers, aligning with the growing demand for eco-friendly materials in various industries. The primary objective was to evaluate how different filler contents and hemp hurd-to-hemp fiber ratios affect the composite’s performance. Composites with 1:1 and 3:1 ratios were prepared at filler concentrations ranging from 1 wt.% to 10 wt.%. Tensile tests revealed that the 3:1 ratio composites exhibited better stiffness and tensile strength, with a notable UTS of 19.8 ± 0.4 MPa at 10 wt.%, which represents a 160% increase over neat epoxy. The 1:1 ratio composites showed significant reductions in mechanical properties at higher filler contents due to filler agglomeration. The study concludes that a 3:1 hemp hurd-to-hemp fiber ratio optimizes mechanical properties, offering a sustainable solution for enhancing composite materials’ performance in industrial applications.
The Effects of Surface Patterning and Photobiomodulation on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Osteoporotic Long Bones: An In Vivo Study in Rats
Authors: Popa Theodor , Negrutiu Mircea , Gherman Luciana Madalina , Ciubean Alina Deniza , Cosma Dan Ionut , Gheban Dan , Popa Catalin , Irsay Laszlo
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of titanium surface patterning used in combination with photobiomodulation therapy on enhancing osseointegration in osteoporotic bone fractures. C.p. titanium implants were employed, half with an unmodified surface and half with a modified one, showing a nanostructured cellular surface. Surface patterning aimed to obtain a complex morphology designed for better osseointegration, using a selective anodization process after photoresist coating. A total of 52 rats were used, of which 4 were sacrificed 12 weeks after ovariectomy to evaluate bone density. A total of 48 rats received titanium implants in both tibiae and underwent surgery for implant placement and bone fracture. Half of the rats were subjected to photobiomodulation. The times of sacrifice were 2, 4, and 6 weeks after finalizing LASER therapy. The evaluation methods were micro-CT scanning, the mechanical pull-force test, and morphology. Mechanical tests revealed a significant difference in the surface-patterned titanium with the LASER group at 2 weeks, but not at 4 and 6 weeks. This group outperformed regular titanium and titanium/LASER groups. Micro-CT showed no significant differences, while the morphology indicated better bone quality at 4 weeks in all LASER-treated groups. The effect of surface patterning and photobiomodulation leads to better osseointegration, especially in the earlier stages.
The Effects of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Force and Tribological Properties of Machined Surface Under Dry Turning of AISI304L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Kónya Gábor , Csorba Béla , Szabó Norbert , Kovács Zsolt F.
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effects of cutting speed and feed rate on the roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rsk, Rku, Rpk, Rvk, and A2 were examined during machining with coated carbide tools in a dry environment. The authors introduced the Rvk/Rpk ratio, a coefficient that facilitates a simpler evaluation of surface wear resistance. Specifically, if this ratio is greater than 1, the surface is more wear-resistant, while values less than 1 indicate a higher tendency for surface wear. The Taguchi OA method was used to analyze and identify the significance of technological parameters on output characteristics. Based on the results, it was established that feed rate has the greatest impact on all output characteristics. The highest cutting force was measured at a cutting speed of 60 m/min and a feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev, attributed to the fact that at lower cutting speeds, the base material does not soften while the cross-sectional area of the chip increases. To achieve the lowest Ra and Rz surface roughness, a cutting speed of 100 m/min and a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev are recommended. If the goal is to enhance surface wear resistance and improve oil retention capability, machining with a cutting speed of 80–100 m/min and a feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev is advisable, as the coarser machining increases both the Rvk/Rpk ratio and the oil-retaining pocket size, which together improve the wear resistance of the machined surface.
Effect of Different Annealing Methods on ULTEM 9085 Parts Manufactured by Material Extrusion
Authors: Butt Javaid , Afsharnia Habib , Alam Khan Md Ashikul , Mohaghegh Vahaj
Published: November 2024

A common practice of improving the performance of parts manufactured by material extrusion is annealing. In this work, ULTEM 9085 parts were subjected to three different annealing methods to compare their effectiveness in terms of dimensional stability, hardness, surface roughness, tensile strength, microstructure and flexural strength. The annealing methods involved heating ULTEM 9085 parts inside an oven in three different ways: direct oven annealing by placing the parts on a tray, fluidized bed annealing with sharp sand surrounding the parts and sandwiching the parts between metal plates. Annealing for all three methods was conducted at temperatures of 180 °C, 190 °C and 200 °C with time intervals of 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The results showed that direct oven annealing provides consistent results under all scenarios. Better dimensional accuracies were observed with fluidized bed annealing, and metal plate annealing is better suited to ensuring an improved surface finish and higher hardness values. For the tensile test, direct oven annealing yielded the most consistent and optimal results with an increase of up to 28.1% in tensile strength, whereas the other two methods performed better at lower temperatures. Direct oven annealing also led to improved ductility and higher elongation at break. Moreover, microstructural analysis of the fracture surfaces indicated enhanced coalescence for direct oven annealing. In terms of flexural testing, metal plate annealing proved to be more effective, with an increase of up to 13.9% in flexural strength. The other two methods demonstrated consistent results, with direct oven annealing showing slightly higher values compared with unannealed ULTEM 9085 samples. This work provides a useful comparison among different annealing methods that can be used to enhance the performance of ULTEM 9085 parts for different engineering applications.
Stainless Steel 316L Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling Process: Microstructure, Geometrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zaitceva Maria , Sotov Anton , Popovich Anatoliy , Sufiiarov Vadim
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods are widely used to produce metal products. However, the cost of equipment for processes based on material melting is high. In this paper, a promising, less expensive method of producing metal products from metal-filled Ultrafuse 316L filament by FDM was investigated. The aim of this work was to compare the debinding methods and investigate the microstructure, phase composition, and geometric and mechanical properties. The results showed that catalytic debinding can be replaced by thermal debinding as no significant effect on the structure and properties was found. In addition, a filament study was performed and data on the particle size distribution, morphology, and phase composition of the metal particles were obtained. Thermodynamic modeling was performed to better understand the phase distribution at the sintering stage. The δ-Fe fraction influencing the corrosion properties of the material was estimated. The conformity of geometric dimensions to the original 3D models was evaluated using 3D scanning. The applied printing and post-processing parameters allowed us to obtain a density of 98%. The material and technology represent a promising direction for applications in the field of lightweight engineering in the manufacturing of parts with bioinspired designs, shells, and sparse filler structures with useful porosity designs (like helicoidal structures).
Evaluation of Microsatellite Instability via High-Resolution Melt Analysis in Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Maloberti Thais , Coluccelli Sara , Sanza Viviana , Gruppioni Elisa , Altimari Annalisa , Zagnoni Stefano , Merlo Lidia , D’Errico Antonietta , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Turchetti Daniela , Miccoli Sara , Tallini Giovanni , De Leo Antonio , de Biase Dario
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death globally, with rising incidence. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is the first technique used in routine practice to evaluate an MMR status. Microsatellite instability (MSI) may be tested in case of doubt during IHC staining. This study introduces a novel high-resolution melt (HRM) protocol for MSI detection and compares it with traditional fragment length analysis (FLA) via capillary electrophoresis. Methods: A total of 100 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded CRC specimens were analyzed using two distinct protocols: one based on FLA (TrueMark MSI Assay kit) and another one based on HRM (AmoyDx® Microsatellite Instability Detection Kit). Results: Overall, 68 (68.0%) of the cases were MSS, and 32 (32.0%) were MSI-H. HRM analysis was first successfully carried out in all the cases. A perfect concordance in MSI evaluation between HRM and FLA was observed. HRM showed slightly shorter hands-on time and turnaround time. Conclusions: We provided evidence of the validity of this new HRM approach in determining the MSI status of colorectal carcinomas.
True Crime Podcasting as Participatory Journalism: A Digital Ethnography of Collaborative Case Solving
Authors: Witmer Sarah , Dowling David O.
Published: November 2024

True crime podcasts invite their listeners to crowdsource investigations online, solving cases that have fallen through the cracks of the criminal justice system. Through a cultural criminologist lens, this digital ethnography examines The Vanished podcast as a case study of how true crime listeners engage with solving cases in digital community spaces. Previous studies have dismissed true crime fans as pseudo police acting as digital vigilantes. Podcasting communities provide an important public service, working as participatory journalists to investigate the story and report the truth. Rather than depending on law enforcement permission to organize, online crime-investigation communities leverage the Internet’s function as an organizing agent for mobilization beyond the parameters of conventional social structures and formal government agencies. Findings reveal a six-step process of case collaboration between podcast producers, active listeners, and family and friends of missing persons. Other communities can apply this unique system to successfully investigate crime, suggesting implications for individuals within marginalized groups less likely to find justice through the formal legal system.
Precision in Immune Management: Balancing Steroid Exposure, Rejection Risk, and Infectious Outcomes in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Koi Avery N. , Johnson John C. , Engebretsen Trine L. , Mujtaba Muhammad A. , Lea Alfred Scott , Stevenson Heather L. , Kueht Michael L.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: With kidney transplant immunosuppression, physicians must balance preventing rejection with minimizing infection and malignancy risks. Steroids have been a mainstay of these immunosuppression regimens since the early days of kidney transplantation, yet their risks remain debated. Our study looks at the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing early steroid withdrawal (ESW) vs. steroid continuous (SCI) maintenance immunosuppression in adult kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study, utilizing propensity score-matching, was performed using the US Collaborative Network Database within TriNetX to evaluate renal transplant outcomes at one year in first-time kidney transplant adult patients (>18 years old) who were prescribed an ESW regimen (no steroids after post-transplant day 7 with maintenance tacrolimus [tac] + mycophenolic acid [MMP]/mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) vs. SCI (tac + MMF/MMP + prednisone). Cohorts were matched on demographics, comorbidities, previously described risk factors for rejection, and induction immunosuppression. Primary outcomes included viral infections, pyelonephritis, and sepsis. Secondary outcomes included renal transplant rejection, death-censored allograft failure (eGFR < 15 mL/min), patient mortality, delayed graft function, and diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 2056 patients were in each cohort after matching (mean age: 50.7–51 years, 17.9–20.0% African American, 60–60.6% male.) The SCI cohort had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of composite viremia (18 vs. 28.1%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) driven by CMV, EBV, and BK virus. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the SCI cohort (3.21% vs. 5.49%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01). Delayed graft function was also higher in the SCI cohort (19.55% vs. 22.79%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01). Pyelonephritis (2.3 vs. 4.91%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) and sepsis (2.15 vs. 5.95%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) were higher in the SCI cohort. Rejection rates were similar between ESW and SCI (29 vs. 31%, ESW vs. SCI, p = 0.41). There were significantly higher incidences of graft failure (4.9 vs. 9.9%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) and mortality (0.8 vs. 2.1%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) in the SCI cohort. Conclusions: This well-matched case-control study suggests that ESW is associated with lower infectious outcomes, mortality, and graft failure without increasing rejection risk, supporting the potential benefits of ESW in kidney transplant patients.