bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINGKAT KESUKAAN PANELIS TERHADAP PENYEDAP RASA ALAMI HASIL SAMPING PERIKANAN DENGAN EDIBLE COATING DARI KARAGENAN
Authors: Djohar M. Alaksmar , Timbowo Semuel Marthen , Mentang Feny
Published: July 2019

Product of fish procecing industry called “juice water” contain a lot amino acid compound. The aim of this study was analyze sonsory characteristic of natural condiment made from” juice water” by product of fishery industry , coated  with karagenan edible. The method of this study of natural condimenent coated karagenan coating where assessed by trained panelis using by sensory attributes (odor, colour apparance and  taste).The result indicate potencial of natural condiment for seasoning development.This research aims to be able to produce natural flavor that made from raw material of liquid waste of stew and coating with edible coating of carrageenan. A natural flavor enhancer, as a food additive, needs to be done a hedonic organoleptic analysis to see the panelist's preference for natural flavorings. The results of a hedonic organoleptic test show that taste and odor are preferred over the texture and appearance of the natural flavorings.
HILIRISASI TEKNIK HANDLING IKAN MAS HIDUP SISTEM KERING KEPADA MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN DI PEDESAAN
Authors: Suwetja I Ketut , Pongoh Jenki , Suwetja I Gede Prabawa
Published: July 2019

Penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi teknik handling ikan mas hidup system kering kepada masyarakat perikanan di pedesaan telah dilakukan Teknik pemingsanan yang diaplikasikan ialah dengan suhu 8°C dan 8°C + 0,02 % minyak cengkeh. Dilanjutkan dengan penyimpanan dilakukan pada media sekam padi dingin dengan suhu 10-15°C. Pekerjaan selanjutnya ialah penyadaran ikan. Ikan disadarkan pada air habitat dilengkapi dengan aerator kapasitas 3 volt dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menghitung tingkat mortalitas ikan.
MUTU IKAN ROA (Hemirhamphus sp) ASAP YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR BERSEHATI KOTA MANADO SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Dotulong Verly , Patty Chlara Noni , Suwetja I Ketut
Published: July 2019

Di kota Manado, ikan roa termasuk salah satu jenis ikan yang diolah dengan cara pengasapan. Cara pengolahan ini dapat memberi aroma dengan citarasa yang khas pada ikan yang diolah karena adanya senyawa kimia dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar alami. Baik pasar swalayan maupun pasar tradisional merupakan tempat penjualan ikan roa asap, dimana pasar Bersehati adalah salah satu pasar tradisional di kota Manado yang menjadi tempat penjualan ikan roa asap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mutu ikan roa asap melalui uji kadar air, pH, TVB-N, TPC dan organoleptik selama penyimpanan suhu kamar 0, 7, 14 dan 21 hari dengan menggunakan metode eksploratif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: nilai kadar air tertinggi adalah 13,38%, Nilai pH tertinggi adalah 6,9, nilai TVB-N tertinggi adalah 59, 64 mg N/100 g sampel, Nilai TPC tertinggi adalah 7,76 x 104 CFU/g, Nilai organoleptik kenampakan terendah adalah 5,3 , Nilai organoleptik bau terendah adalah 6,4, nilai organoleptik rasa terendah adalah 6,1, dan nilai tekstur terendah adalah 6,7. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampai hari penyimpanan ke-21pada suhu kamar mutu ikan roa masih tergolong baik, kecuali untuk nilai kenampakan adalah 5,3, hal kemungkinan disebabkan karena warna ikan roa asap agak hitam karena asap yang agak banyak pada waktu pengasapan.
PKM KELOMPOK PKK (ISTRI NELAYAN) KELURAHAN MOLAS KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA TENTANG DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN
Authors: Dotulong Verly , Montolalu Lita ADY
Published: July 2019

Mitra sasaran program ini berlokasi di Lingkungan IV dan V Kelurahan Molas Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Penduduk Lingkungan IV hampir setengah berprofesi sebagai nelayan dan penduduk Lingkungan V lebih dari setengahnya berprofesi juga sebagai nelayan. Masyarakat nelayan ini sudah melakukan kegiatan sebagai nelayan secara turun temurun, dimana kegiatan melaut dilakukan oleh kaum pria, dan para wanita menjual ikan di pasar Tuminting (pasar terdekat dengan pemukiman), ada juga kaum wanita yang menjadi pedagang ikan segar keliling. Para wanita ini tergabung dalam kelompok organisasi kemasyarakatan PKK, dimana masing-masing kelompok akan diikutsertakan 3 orang kader dalam program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh nelayan di daerah ini apabila hasil tangkapan melimpah, harga ikan akan murah dan banyak yang tersisa tidak laku dijual, diolah seadanya misalnya dibakar atau digoreng. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu: (1) Memanfaatkan hasil tangkapan ikan yang melimpah, (2) Meningkatkan keterampilan kaum ibu (istri nelayan) dalam melakukan berbagai bentuk olahan ikan seperti nugget ikan dan kaki naga ikan sebagai pangan yang kaya gizi. Metode pelaksanaan yang akan diterapkan pada program ini yaitu: (1) Penyuluhan dan pelatihan diversifikasi olahan ikan, (2) Pendampingan dan (3) Evaluasi. Hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan PKM ini yaitu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan pada ibu-ibu PKK (istri nelayan) di Desa Molas tentang manfaat makan ikan bagi kesehatan dan bagaimana membuat nugget dan kaki naga ikan sebagai makanan sehat, bergizi dan mempunyai rasa yang lezat yang bisa dikembangkan sebagai skala usaha rumah tangga.
KUALITAS SEMI-REFINED CARRAGEENAN CHIPS PADA RUMPUT LAUT MERAH Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG DIKERINGKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CABINET DRYER
Authors: Dumondor Brian , Makapedua Daisy Monica , Taher Nurmeilita , Dotulong Verly , Mongi Eunike Louisje , Montolalu Roike Iwan
Published: July 2019

Rumput laut merah Kappaphycus alvarezii merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor dan program utama revitalisasi perikanan yang berperan penting dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat karena mengandung zat karaginan yang merupakan bahan campuran dalam industri pangan dan non pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas semi-refined carrageenan rumput laut merah Kappaphycus alvarezii yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan cabinet dryer. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrasi larutan KOH 8% serta menggunakan metode pengeringan cabinet dryer dengan suhu 50–60°C. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua perlakuan pengeringan A1 (12 Jam) dan A2 (24 Jam) memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan oleh FAO. Tetapi perlakuan terbaik adalah perlakuan A2 (24 Jam) dimana kadar air yang didapat adalah 6,75%, kadar abu 25,04%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,04%, viskositas 14,52 cP, rendemen 26% dan memiliki nilai pH 9,85.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT DAN LAMA EKSTRAKSI PADA PRODUKSI KARAGENAN
Authors: Gerung Marselino S , Montolalu Roike Iwan , Lohoo Helen Jenny , Dotulong Verly , Taher Nurmeilita , Mentang Feny , Sanger Grace
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to obtain carrageenan from red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii using the steam method. In this study the treatment of 4% NaOH and 5% KOH was used and the extraction time was 7 hours and 10 hours. The stages of making carrageenan are; drying, soaking, washing, extraction, settling, filtering, drying and grinding. The results of this study showed that the highest yield was in 4% NaOH treatment, 10-hour extraction time was equal to 18.15%. The lowest water content was obtained from 5% KOH treatment, 10 extraction time which was 1.9%. The best pH value is in 4% NaOH treatment, 10 hours extraction time is 7.58. The best results of gel strength were obtained from 5% KOH treatment, 7 hours extraction time which was 78.3 mm/g/sec.Keyword: Carrageenan, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Steam Method, NaOH, KOH.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karaginan dari rumput laut merah Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan menggunakan metode uap. Pada penelitian ini digunakan perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH 4% dan KOH 5% dan waktu ekstraksi 7 jam dan 10 jam. Tahapan pembuatan karaginan ini adalah pengeringan, perendaman, pencucian, ekstraksi, pengendapan, penyaringan, pengeringan dan penggilingan. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen terbanyak ada pada perlakuan NaOH 4%, waktu ekstraksi 10 jam yaitu sebesar 18,15%. Kadar air yang paling rendah diperoleh dari perlakuan KOH 5%, waktu ekstraksi 10 yaitu sebesar 1,9%. Nilai pH terbaik ada pada perlakuan NaOH 4%, waktu ekstraksi 10 jam yaitu sebesar 7,58. Hasil penelitian kekuatan gel paling terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan KOH 5%, waktu ekstraksi 7 jam yaitu sebesar 78,3 mm/g/det.Kata kunci: Karaginan, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Metode Uap, NaOH, KOH.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN MUDA MANGROVE Sonneratia alba KERING
Authors: Ibrahim Yayu Mukhmin , Dotulong Verly , Wonggo Djuhria , Lohoo Helen Jenny , Montolalu Roike Iwan , Makapedua Daisy Monica , Sanger Grace
Published: July 2019

Sonneratia alba mangroves are known to have bioactive compounds such as antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of extract of S. alba dried mangrove leaves on Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Extraction method by infusion, extraction time is 40 and 50 minutes. The extract obtained was then evaporated by the solvent above the water bath then the extracts were made concentrations of 5 and 10%. Antibacterial testing uses the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The highest yield is found in the treatment of 50 minutes infusion extraction time which is 15.6 ± 0.2%. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus was found in the treatment of 50 minutes extraction time both for 5% sample concentration of 7.0 mm (medium category) and at a sample concentration of 10% at 8.0 mm (medium category). While the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria was found in the treatment of 50 minutes extraction time both at 5% sample concentration of 8.0 (medium category) mm and at 10% sample concentration of 8.3 mm (medium category). From these results it can be seen that the S. alba extract of young mangrove leaf infusion has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity because it can inhibit both Gram positive S. aureus and Gram negative E. coli bacteria.Keyword: Mangrove, Sonneratia alba, infusion, rendemen, antibacterial. Mangrove Sonneratia alba diketahui memiliki senyawa bioaktif seperti antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Infusa daun muda mangrove S. alba kering terhadap bakteri Grampositif Staphylococcus aureus dan bakteri Gram negatif Escherichia coli. Metode ekstraksi dengan cara infusa, lama waktu ekstraksi yaitu40 dan 50 menit. Ekstrak yang didapatkan kemudian dievaporasi pelarutnya diatas penangas air kemudian hasil ekstrak dibuat konsentrasi 5 dan 10%. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi. Rendemen tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan lama ekstraksi infusa 50 menit yaitu sebesar 15,6±0,2 %. Aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi terhadap bakteri S. aureus terdapat pada perlakuan lama ekstraksi 50 menit baik untuk konsentrasi sampel 5% sebesar 7,0 mm (kategori sedang) dan pada konsentrasi sampel 10% sebesar 8,0 mm (kategori sedang). Sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli terdapat pada perlakuan lama ekstraksi 50 menit baik pada konsentrasi sampel 5% sebesar 8,0 mm (kategori sedang) dan pada konsentrasi sampel 10% sebesar 8,3 mm (kategori sedang). Dari hasil ini dapat dilihat bahwa ekstrak infusa daun muda mangrove S. alba mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dengan spektrum yang luas karena dapat menghambat baik  bakteri Gram positif S. aureus maupun Gram negatif E. coli.Kata kunci: Mangrove, Sonneratia alba, infusa, rendemen, antibakteri.
Could heart-type fatty acid binding protein predict clinical outcome in coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
Authors: Aboelnasr Mohamed , Elfeky Wael , Adam Ali Dina , Al-Ashmawy Ghada , Sallam Ayman
Published: July 2019

Background: Detection of myocardial damage and its degree during open heart surgery were studied previously using different biomarkers. Heart fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP) was used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction with variable results. In this study, we aimed to find the possibility of the use of this biomarker as a predictor of myocardial damage after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 47 patients who had CABG surgery. Blood samples (4 ml) were drawn from patients at 5 points: before induction of anesthesia, after aortic declamping, 1 hour after declamping, 6 hours after declamping and one day after surgery. Levels of h-FABP and creatine kinase muscle/brain (CK-MB) were estimated, and the relationship between h-FABP and operative and postoperative outcomes were recorded.

Results: There were statistically significant correlations between higher levels of h-FABP measured immediately after aortic declamping and need for intra-aortic balloon (116.55 + 9.26 vs, 84.34 + 19.55 ng/ml; p= 0.022), inotropes (107.04+ 14.79 vs, 79.95 + 17.59ng/ml; p< 0.001), defibrillators (97.73 + 15.18 vs 81.59 + 20.31 ng/ml; p=0.016), and postoperative atrial fibrillation (99.94 + 17.83 vs 80.84 + 18.89ng/ml; p= 0.004). No mortality was detected in our study. h-FABP levels showed an early peak just after aortic declamping and reached baseline by postoperative day one. CK-MB peaked 1 hour after aortic declamping and remained elevated for more than 24 hours.

Conclusion: h-FABP is a cardiac biomarker that could be used as a rapid indicator of ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation post-CABG surgery.
Video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve replacement in rheumatic valve disease.
Authors: Abdel-Kareem Heba , Alaa Mohammed , Khairy Mahmoud , Abdel-Wahab Ali , Mohammed Morsi
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Assessment early outcome of video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve replacement, in rheumatic valve disease. Also, to evaluate early postoperative quality of life by SF 36 questionnaire.

Methods: This is a prospective single center study which was conducted on 20 rheumatic heart patients, in Egypt; during the period from October 2015 to June 2018. The main pathological lesion was sever mitral regurgitation (MR), mitral stenosis (MS) or both. Patients underwent video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve replacement, through a right mini thoracotomy. 13 patients (65%) were via infra-mammary incision, 4 patients (20%) were via periareolar incision and 3 patients (15%) were via limited right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy.

Results: Mean length of surgical incision was (6.60 ± 1.35 cm). Mean duration of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, and cross clamp times were (4.32 ± 1.08 hr.), (2.85 ± 0.75 hr.) and (1.78 ± 0.47 hr.) respectively.

ICU stay was 2.35 ± 1.14 days and Hospital stay was 6.45 ± 1.43 days.

The mean amount of blood loss was 398.50 ± 245.79 ml with two patients of bleeding requiring re-opening.

At discharge, all patients had normal mitral prosthetic valve function with no or trivial regurgitation, as shown by echocardiographic studies. The postoperative quality of life revealed faster recovery of usual activities.

Conclusions: Video assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in the surgically challenging rheumatic valve disease has less surgical trauma, blood loss and pain, which translates into short hospital stay, rapid return to normal activities, less use of resources.
Chest wall reconstruction still has place in Today’s modern practice:" a tertiary center experience"
Authors: Osman Amr Ibrahim Abd Elaal , Ayyad Mohamed A. K. Salama , Elkhayat Hussein , Elwahab Ali A.
Published: July 2019

Background: The key factor following chest wall resection is the preservation of the stability and integrity of the chest wall to support the respiration and protect the underlying organs. The present study aims to evaluate the use of the available grafts and prosthetic materials at our center in chest wall reconstruction with adherence to the proper surgical techniques, good perioperative and postoperative care to obtain good results.

Methods: This is a retrospective single center study that concludes all patients underwent chest wall reconstruction for a variety of defects resulting from resection of tumors, trauma due to primarily firearms or motor car accidents, resection of radio necrotic tissues, infection and dehiscence of median sternotomy wounds after cardiac surgery.

 Results: Study population consisted of 30 patients between January 2015and may 2018, among them were 20 male (70%) and 10 female patients (30%), with a median age of 43 ± 16.3 years, resection and reconstruction was performed in 23 cases (15 neoplastic,5 infective and  3 firearm cases) while reconstruction alone was performed in 7 (traumatic flail chest)  cases. Eighteen patients, underwent rib resection with an average 4.18 ± 2.2 ribs (range 2-6). Associated lung resection was performed in 5 patients (27.8 %): diaphragmatic resection was done in 2 cases in addition total sternal resection was performed in 5 cases. Most of the patients (96.7%) had primary healing of their wounds. there was one death (3.3%) in the early postoperative period. The average length of hospital stay for all patients was 8.7 days (range: 5–15). Respiratory complications occurred in three cases in the form of atelectasis and pneumonia at the ipsilateral side of reconstruction. Three cases suffered wound seroma which successfully managed by daily dressing and antibiotic coverage.

Conclusions: according to our study and the analysis of similar studies, adequate perioperative preparation of patient undergoing chest wall resection and reconstruction with adherence to effective surgical techniques allowed us to use the available materials at our center for chest wall reconstruction with good and effective results without adding burden in terms of cost on the patient.
The use of cardiopulmonary bypass in the extraction of intracardiac foreign bodies
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: July 2019

Background:  Intracardiac foreign bodies (FBs) are uncommon and have diverse presentations. The objectives of this study were to assess the types and presentation of intracardiac FBs and to evaluate the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in their extraction.  

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on 12 patients with a history or radiological evidence of a foreign body in the heart or the great vessels who were admitted between 2013 and 2018. Sternotomy was performed in 8 patients and left anterior thoracotomy in 4 patients. CPB was used in 4 patients with cardioplegic cardiac arrest. Aorto-bicaval cannulation was performed in 3 patients and femero-femoral bypass in 1 patient.

Results: The mean age of our patients was 32.7 ±21.7 years (range 2-62 years), six were males. Six different intracardiac FBs were reported including retained bullets (n= 3), migrated catheter piece (n=3), sewing needles (n=3), displaced pacemaker lead (n= 1), circular saw (n=1) and missed pigtail catheter after pericardiocentesis (n=1). Recovery from cardiopulmonary bypass was smooth, and no hospital complications were reported. The mean duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation in all sternotomy patients was 7.8 ± 6.7 hours (5 ±2.1 in CPB patients and 10.7±8.9 in non- CPB). The duration of hospital stay in CPB cases vs. non-CPB was (5.5±1.3 vs. 5.7±0.9 days). No postoperative wound infection nor sternal dehiscence were reported. One baby who had lateral thoracotomy died on the fifth postoperative day because of severe gastroenteritis. No residual pericardial or pleural collection were reported in 6 months follow-up period.

Conclusions: Retrieval of intracardiac FBs can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality. The use of CPB did not increase morbidity or mortality. Removal of all types of intracardiac FBs is recommended to avoid complications
Predictors of Early Mortality After Aortic Valve Replacement in Middle-Aged Rheumatic Patients
Authors: Hassan Essam , Sersar Sameh
Published: July 2019

Background: Several risk factors, including emergency surgery, predicted early mortality after aortic valve replacement (AVR).  Euroscore II is used to predict the mortality after cardiac operations. We aimed to review our experience in AVR and determine the early mortality predictors

Methods: We collected the data of 200 rheumatic patients who had standard AVR in two centers. Median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass were used in all patients. Transcatheter and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement patients were excluded. We used 15 types of aortic valve prostheses, either mechanical or biological. Follow-up echocardiography was done in the intensive care unit, on discharge, and one month after discharge.    

Results: 128 patients (64%) had mechanical AVR, and 130 patients (65%) were males. The mean age was 48.2 ± 19 years, and body mass index was 1.8 ± 0.2 Kg/m2. The mean preoperative ejection fraction was 54 ± 9.4 %, end-diastolic dimension was 5.3 ± 0.8 cm, and end-systolic dimension was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm. Nine patients (4.5%) died in the early postoperative period (6 months). Euroscore II was the only factor significantly associated with early mortality (P value= 0.031).  The mean Euroscore II was 1.3 ± 0.9 and 10.1 ± 10.7 for survivors and non-survivors, respectively. 

Conclusion: Euroscore II score was significantly associated with early mortality after aortic valve replacement in rheumatic patients and can be used for risk stratification in those patients.
Response during picturebook read alouds in English as a foreign language
Authors: Mourão Sandie
Published: July 2019

This paper begins by discussing the picturebook and its picture-word dynamic and follows with a discussion of their relevance to teachers in a foreign language classroom. Thereafter, a theory of literary understanding is suggested, as a way to support foreign language teachers to interpret their learners’ responses to picturebooks and to help them recognize the relevance of response to the storytelling experience. The final section describes two picturebooks with concrete examples of the different ways that they enable and promote authentic responses, using the children’s linguistic repertoire, and through both the pictures and the words.
Re-assessing the place of the “silent period” in the development of English as an Additional Language among children in Early Years settings
Authors: Harris Ruth
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the acceptance of a “silent period” as a stage in second language development for children acquiring English as an Additional Language in Early Years settings.  Current views suggest that it is normal for children to very quickly stop using their mother tongue and enter a period of silence. A positive perspective on this is that children may be using this time to observe and grow in understanding of the second language. However, there may also be negative effects, as children may become withdrawn and miss out on opportunities to develop relationships and language.  It is the argument of this paper that if this silent period is normalised, there is potential for ambivalence around the well-being of the child which may run counter to best Early Years practice. This study consisted of a qualitative content analysis which drew on twenty case studies collected by Early Years Educators documenting children’s progress over the initial weeks and months in Early Years settings. The main findings were that some children did indeed enter a silent period and shyness was a risk factor for this being prolonged.  Non-verbal communication was used positively by some children to develop relationships with other children, but negatively by others, in the form of aggression and frustration, until they developed enough language to communicate. The children who did best continued to use their home language and non-verbal communication which enabled them to form relationships. Over time this became a bridge into the second language. Strategies used by educators included supporting children in small groups and bringing the home language into the setting in keeping with recommendations of policy documents in Ireland.  Ultimately, this paper argues that the normalisation of a silent period may infringe on children’s rights to be active participants in their own learning. Moreover, it may limit the extent to which they are meaningfully valued, respected, empowered, cared for and included in Early Years settings.
Language made fun: supporting EAL students in primary education
Authors: Kane Frances , Kennedy Lynda , Sevdali Christina , Folli Raffaella , Rhys Catrin
Published: July 2019

Acquisition of English language skills is vital for the successful integration of children into English-medium Education. Newcomer children who are not proficient in the language of instruction may be left vulnerable to exclusion in the classroom and long-term educational failure (McEachron 1998, Paradis 2005). Targeted linguistic support can increase access to education by prioritizing the development of core linguistic skills such as vocabulary and grammar. ‘Language Made Fun’, is a joint Ulster University-Barnardos initiative that was developed to investigate English vocabulary and grammar development in a group of newcomer children from various language backgrounds. To address the needs of these children, we developed an individually tailored language intervention programme to facilitate English language development as part of a wider Barnardos family support programme for newcomer pupils and their families. Trained undergraduate student volunteers from both Linguistics and Speech and Language Therapy delivered the interventions for the children. We used formal and informal assessment tools to measure language progress. Main positive outcomes included improvements in receptive vocabulary, morphology, receptive and expressive syntax including an increase in sentence length and complexity. These findings indicate the potential value of an intervention programme such as 'Language made fun', which could be implemented more widely in educational contexts to help support newcomer pupils and their families and teachers.
An evaluation of Polish supplementary schools in Ireland
Authors: Pędrak Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

Since 2004, in response to the growth of the Polish community in Ireland, a number of Polish schools and organizations have been opened across the country. Some of them have become centres of cultural life and language transmission for the members of local Polish communities. This article provides an overview of Polish supplementary education in Ireland. Questionnaires were administered to teachers, parents and students of Polish supplementary schools in an effort to gain insight into the operation of Polish schools in Ireland. The findings highlight positive attitudes towards the Polish culture, willingness participate in the local community and an awareness of the significance of bilingualism for the younger generation. The paper also draws on the potential benefits of attending supplementary schools for children of migrant background.
Supporting teachers to implement a pre-primary programme: changes in teacher beliefs and attitudes
Authors: Ellis Gail
Published: July 2019

The integration of a foreign language into early childhood education is becoming more and more widespread.  Yet there is a lack of specific teacher training and no clearly-defined pre-primary foreign language pedagogy to guide and support teachers.  This article presents data from a recent initiative by a provider of out-of-school English classes in Europe to support teachers in implementing a pre-primary programme and in developing pre-primary foreign language pedagogy.  This formed part of a wider change-management and innovation process looking at higher efficiencies and effectiveness, and bringing together in one coherent approach best practice throughout the region in the teaching of English to pre-primary children. The pre-primary programme is underpinned by the pedagogical principles of the UK’s Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework and the HighScope approach to early childhood education with its overarching ‘plan-do-review’ structure for learning sequences which values children’s voices and agency. Initially, there was some apprehension amongst teachers due to a lack of experience of teaching pre-primary children and some resistance from others who believed that young children are not capable of reflecting on their learning or of making choices about their learning.  An important feature of the change-management process was the implementation of a normative-re-educative approach and the provision of ongoing training and professional development. This involved teachers in the adaptation of the organisation’s global statement of approach to English language teaching to an age-appropriate version for a pre-primary context in order to develop pre-primary foreign language pedagogy. It also encouraged teachers to re-examine their existing beliefs and attitudes in order to recognise children’s reflective capacities given appropriate support and scaffolding, and to rethink the power dynamics in the adult-child relationship moving to one of more shared control. Data from surveys conducted with teachers at the initial stage of the programme and 18 months later provides evidence which shows that, over time, teacher’s beliefs and attitudes have changed.  Conclusions are drawn from the experience of the project and the factors influencing changes in teacher’s views are discussed.
Factors which impact on transitions from Irish-medium Naíscoil to Bunscoil
Authors: Mhic Aoidh Eibhlín
Published: July 2019

The Irish-medium naíscoil (pre-primary) sector is considered the foundation stone on which further sectoral developments at primary and post-primary level are initiated. This paper reports on research commissioned by the Department of Education in Northern Ireland on the educational outcomes of Irish-medium [IM] pre-school settings. The research was undertaken by RSM Mc ClureWatters (Consulting) and the author of this paper was project manager and lead author. The research explored which core components lead to optimum readiness for transition to IM primary school and the extent to which these components are present in IM naíscoileanna in the statutory and voluntary sector in the north of Ireland. The research methods were qualitative including a desk based legislative and policy analysis, a literature review and semi-structured interviews with school staff. Findings indicate that IM naíscoil practice is different from monolingual English-medium practice in a number of ways including transition practices. There are also differences between statutory and voluntary naíscoileanna. A number of recommendations are made in order to ameliorate differences in provision and associated inconsistencies in order to ensure equality in provision and the best outcomes and transition experiences possible for young Irish-medium learners.
Language education for non-native speaker language teachers
Authors: Riordan Emma
Published: July 2019

For non-native speaker language teachers (NNSLT), that is, teachers who teach a language which is not their own first language, one very important skill is competence in the target language. However, the development and maintenance of language skills are often neglected in language teacher training for language teachers. It is assumed that the trainees have already reached the requisite level of competence prior to entry into teacher training programmes, or that the general language courses available to them are sufficient in addressing these language needs. In this paper I argue for the introduction of a new area of Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) to deal with the language skills needed by this learner group. I examine the literature relating to language for non-native speaker language teachers and review research in the teaching of language to NNSLTs. I describe a language course designed specifically for the education of non-native speaker teachers of English at a German university. Questionnaires, surveys and pre- and post-testing methods were used to evaluate the course. The study’s results suggest that the LSP approach is both feasible and successful in improving student teachers’ language skills for the purposes of teaching.
The Development of Chinese Language Education in Ireland: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Chang , Wang Hongfei
Published: July 2019

There has been a massive growth in trade and communication between Ireland and China in the past decade. Under such influence, Irish third level institutions have established Chinese or Chinese-related degree programmes, and post-primary schools have been offering Chinese courses as Transition Year1 modules. However, the continuous development of Chinese language education in Ireland also faces many challenges. Though the Junior Cycle Short Course2 in Chinese has been designed and published for three years now, there are still very few schools offering this course for a variety of educational and sociocultural reasons. In higher education, Chinese programmes are showing decreasing enrolment, and learners were found to suffer from demotivation issues. This paper briefly reviews the development of Chinese language education in Ireland in the past decade. It aims to suggest means of addressing some existing issues from three general perspectives regarding the course syllabi and materials, the Chinese teachers and the relevant research in an Irish context.
Description of a new species of Paraplehnia (Polycladida, Stylochoidea) from Japan, with inference on the phylogenetic position of Plehniidae
Authors: Oya Yuki , Kimura Taeko , Kajihara Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

We describe a new species of polyclad flatworm,Paraplehniaseisuiaesp. nov., from 298–310 m depths in the Sea of Kumano, West Pacific, Japan.Paraplehniaseisuiaesp. nov.is characterized by i) a developed muscular wall proximally occupying about one-third of the prostatic vesicle, ii) no common duct between the spermiducal bulbs and the prostatic vesicle, and iii) a genital pit between the male and female gonopores. We provide a partial sequence (712 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene as a DNA barcode for the species. Our phylogenetic analyses based on 603-bp 28S rDNA sequences indicate thatP.seisuiaesp. nov.is nested in a clade consisting of stylochoid species along with unidentified species ofStylochus. It suggests that Plehniidae belongs to Stylochoidea, although this should be confirmed by future studies that containPlehniaarctica(Plehn, 1896), the type species of the type genus of the family. The interfamily relationship among the superfamily Stylochoidea remains poorly resolved.
Effect of Treatment on Damage and Hospitalization in Elderly Patients with Microscopic Polyangiitis and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Weiner Maria , Goh Su Mein , Mohammad Aladdin J. , Hrušková Zdenka , Tanna Anisha , Sharp Phoebe , Kang Amy , Bruchfeld Annette , Selga Daina , Chocová Zdeňka , Westman Kerstin , Eriksson Per , Harper Lorraine , Pusey Charles D. , Tesař Vladimír , Salama Alan D. , Segelmark Mårten
Published: July 2019

Objective.

Age is a risk factor for organ damage, adverse events, and mortality in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). However, the relationship between treatment and damage, hospitalizations, and causes of death in elderly patients is largely unknown.

Methods.

Consecutive patients from Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic diagnosed between 1997 and 2013 were included. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of MPA or GPA and age 75 years or more at diagnosis. Treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYC), rituximab (RTX), and corticosteroids the first 3 months was registered. Outcomes up to 2 years from diagnosis included Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI), hospitalization, and cause of death.

Results.

Treatment data were available for 167 of 202 patients. At 2 years, 4% had no items of damage. There was a positive association between VDI score at 2 years and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score at onset, and a negative association with treatment using CYC or RTX. Intravenous methylprednisolone dose was associated with treatment-related damage. During the first year, 69% of patients were readmitted to hospital. Myeloperoxidase–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity and lower creatinine levels decreased the odds of readmission. The most common cause of death was infection, and this was associated with cumulative oral prednisolone dose.

Conclusion.

Immunosuppressive treatment with CYC or RTX in elderly patients with MPA and GPA was associated with development of less permanent organ damage and was not associated with hospitalization. However, higher doses of corticosteroids during the first 3 months was associated with treatment-related damage and fatal infections.
Risk of Cancer in 767 Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis in Western Norway: A Retrospective Cohort with Matched Controls
Authors: Brekke Lene Kristin , Fevang Bjørg-Tilde Svanes , Diamantopoulos Andreas P. , Assmus Jörg , Esperø Elisabet , Gjesdal Clara Gram
Published: July 2019

Objective.

To determine the risk of cancer in a large Norwegian cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods.

This is a hospital-based, retrospective, observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with GCA in the Bergen Health Area during 1972–2012. Patients were identified through computerized hospital records using the International Classification of Diseases coding system. Medical records were reviewed. Each patient was randomly assigned population controls matched on age, sex, and geography from the Central Population Registry of Norway. Data on the occurrence of cancer were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. The cumulative risk of malignancy was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and potential differences were analyzed using the Gehan-Breslow and log-rank tests.

Results.

We identified 881 cases with a clinical diagnosis of GCA, of which 792 fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 classification criteria and 528 were biopsy-verified. Cases with no registered cancer prior to GCA diagnosis were included in a time-to-event analysis, with first cancer as the event (n = 767 with clinical GCA diagnosis, 686 fulfilling ACR criteria for GCA, 463 biopsy-verified). These cases were matched with previously cancer-free population controls (n = 1437, 1284, 895, respectively). We found no significant difference in the risk of malignancy after time of diagnosis/matching for GCA patients compared to population controls (p > 0.05).

Conclusion.

In this study of a large and well-characterized cohort of patients with GCA, there was no difference in the risk of malignancy in patients with GCA compared to matched population controls.
La fragmentation de l’architecture de sécurité dans la Baltique
Authors: Kunz Barbara
Published: July 2019

Au vu de la politique étrangère russe actuelle, la région de la mer Baltique requiert une attention toute particulière car le risque d’affrontements y est parmi les plus élevés. Les trois pays baltes – l’Estonie, la Lettonie et la Lituanie – sont très vulnérables face à la Russie. Les pays de la région de la mer Baltique étant à eux seuls trop petits et trop faibles pour se défendre contre une agression russe, la coopération internationale est incontournable. Sur les neuf pays riverains de la mer Baltique, les trois États baltes, la Pologne, l’Allemagne et le Danemark bénéficient de la protection que confère l’article 5 du traité de Washington. Deux autres pays – la Suède et la Finlande – misent toujours sur une politique de non-alignement militaire. Par conséquent, l’architecture de sécurité régionale reste fragmentée même si de nouvelles initiatives régionales voient le jour et si la politique de défense de la Suède et de la Finlande évolue depuis la guerre en Ukraine.
Retour sur l'échec de l'« armée européenne » (1950-1954) : quelles leçons pour demain ?
Authors: Haroche Pierre
Published: July 2019

Résumé Alors que nous assistons à une relance de la coopération européenne en matière de défense et que la perspective de la création à terme d'une « armée européenne » a été évoquée par plusieurs dirigeants européens et nationaux, cet article revient sur la première tentative d'intégration des armées nationales sous autorité européenne, la Communauté européenne de défense (CED). Nous chercherons à éclairer en particulier les causes de l'échec de ce premier projet d'armée européenne. À rebours des explications focalisées sur la dimension idéologique et parlementaire du débat, nous nous concentrerons sur les contraintes militaires qui pesaient alors sur la France afin de comprendre comment un projet jugé viable en 1950 finit par être jugé inapplicable quelques années plus tard. Nous nous appuierons sur le concept de dilemme géostratégique pour montrer que la concurrence entre un front est marqué par la menace soviétique d'une part, et un front sud marqué par les crises coloniales en Indochine et en Afrique du Nord d'autre part, est au c ur de l'évolution de la position française à l'égard de la CED. Enfin, nous montrerons que l'Union européenne actuelle souffre elle aussi d'un dilemme géostratégique, en particulier depuis la crise ukrainienne de 2014 opposant défense territoriale à l'Est et gestion de crise au Sud. Si ce dilemme géostratégique constitue une difficulté majeure pour l'intégration européenne en matière de défense, nous verrons cependant que des transactions institutionnalisées entre États ayant des priorités différentes pourraient permettre de le régler tout en posant les bases d'une culture stratégique européenne.
La France et ses alliés les plus proches : évolutions, opportunités et défis d’un engagement multiple
Authors: Pannier Alice
Published: July 2019

Résumé La France est activement impliquée dans des relations de défense très étroites avec ses alliés les plus proches que sont, en Europe, le Royaume-Uni et l'Allemagne, ainsi que les États-Unis. Entre la sortie britannique de l'Union européenne, le renforcement de la défense européenne et la présidence de Donald Trump, ces trois relations bilatérales sont en phase de changement. Cela offre à la France l'occasion de repenser ces partenariats, notamment par une imbrication renouvelée et renforcée avec l'échelon multilatéral, et un développement des coopérations trilatérales.
La gestion des frontières extérieures de l'UE : priorité stratégique européenne pour la sécurité intérieure des États membres ?
Authors: Dravigny Josselin
Published: July 2019

Résumé Si la gestion des frontières extérieures de l'UE n'est pas identifiée par les deux derniers Livres blancs français (2013 et 2017) comme une priorité stratégique, elle n'en demeure pas moins une préoccupation majeure à l'échelon de l'UE, dans la mesure où certaines de ses failles, au regard des objectifs qui lui sont assignés par les traités, participent à affaiblir la sécurité intérieure des États membres. Après un aperçu de l'incapacité de cette politique à faire face à l'intensification du phénomène migratoire ainsi qu'à la menace terroriste, nous détaillerons les évolutions actuelles de l'action publique européenne en matière de gestion des frontières extérieures. La continuité dans laquelle s'inscrivent les discussions récentes ou à venir, d'une part en intensifiant l'utilisation et l'efficacité des outils existants en matière de sécurité intérieure, et d'autre part en accélérant le processus d'adoption de mesures déjà en discussion au niveau européen, témoigne d'un approfondissement de la politique européenne de gestion des frontières extérieures, sans toutefois que certains dysfonctionnements aient été réellement pris en compte et résolus.
La place de la France à l'international au prisme de ses partenariats stratégiques : les cas du Qatar et des Émirats Arabes Unis (EAU)
Authors: Soubrier Emma
Published: July 2019

Résumé Les partenariats stratégiques de la France avec le Qatar et les Émirats arabes unis (EAU), reposant sur des accords de défense scellés au début des années 1990 et sur d'importantes ventes d'armement, ont évolué durant la dernière décennie de deux manières qui sont susceptibles de mener à un recul de notre statut privilégié auprès de ces États clés et, en creux, de la place de la France à l'international. Ces deux tendances sont la réduction de nos parts dans leurs marchés d'armement et l'inversion du rapport de dépendance ­ donc d'influence ­ entre les acteurs. Cet article se propose d'examiner ces deux réalités afin d'en comprendre les enjeux, et d'envisager des pistes pour préserver les intérêts français dans un contexte mouvant et hautement concurrentiel.
De l'utilité d'un changement d'approche de la guerre en Syrie
Authors: Tannous Manon-Nour
Published: July 2019

Résumé Le 22 juin 2017, le président français Emmanuel Macron annonçait un aggiornamento sur la crise syrienne. Plus que les modalités du changement, c'est sa revendication que cet article analyse. Celle-ci apparaît comme une nécessité liée au constat de la perte d'influence française sur ce dossier, et donc comme une source de crédibilité. Mais les premières pistes montrent que le changement envisagé, au nom d'un réalisme politique, pourrait renvoyer à des logiques déjà éprouvées.
Le Brésil et le sous-marin à propulsion nucléaire : dissuasion, développement et autonomie technologique
Authors: Chatin Mathilde
Published: July 2019

Résumé Cet article étudie le programme de sous-marin à propulsion nucléaire, projet phare de la politique de défense du Brésil pendant les gouvernements du Parti des travailleurs (PT), au pouvoir entre 2003 et 2016. Il analyse les arguments mis en avant par les autorités brésiliennes pour justifier les investissements engendrés par ce programme. Il explique que ces investissements sont étroitement liés aux objectifs de défense du Brésil, à savoir la dissuasion, qui doit permettre de garantir la souveraineté territoriale du pays et la protection de ses ressources naturelles dans la zone stratégique de l'Atlantique sud, et les liens que le Brésil veut renforcer entre l'industrie de défense, le développement économique et l'autonomie technologique.
Innovations techniques : accès, financement et organisation industrielle
Authors: Lefeez Sophie
Published: July 2019

Résumé Les technologies qui semblent, à l'heure actuelle, prometteuses pour la défense sont nombreuses. Leur intégration recèle des enjeux d'ordre financier, organisationnel, et liés aux ressources humaines. D'autres questions se posent concernant l'accès à l'innovation civile, les partages du financement entre acteurs publics et privés, issus ou non de la Base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD), ou encore les opportunités de collaboration à l'international : quel équilibre trouver entre la facilité d'accès aux technologies et l'autonomie stratégique ? Sur un autre registre, la place des intégrateurs systémiers pourrait être amenée à évoluer, traduisant le fait que l'innovation provient davantage des équipementiers et que la concurrence internationale pourrait s'avérer plus rude pour eux que pour les équipementiers.
Agir avec plus puissant, plus faible et plus ou moins démocratique que soi d'après la théorie des régimes
Authors: Delamare Thibault
Published: July 2019

Résumé Une communauté pluraliste de sécurité est un ensemble d'États et d'organisations internationales travaillant en commun pour leur sécurité collective. Aujourd'hui, les engagements militaires de la France se font en association avec des États alliés, entre lesquels existent des variations des puissances, et à travers différentes organisations internationales (OTAN, coalition globale contre Daesh, G5 Sahel, UE). L'application de la notion de communauté pluraliste de sécurité à ces engagements permet d'identifier des principes d'actions de la France vis-à-vis de ses alliés et de ses ennemis, soit : équilibrer les puissances face à un ennemi étatique commun, et conditionner son aide pour soutenir un allié affrontant une insurrection.