bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nice Guys Finish Last: Do Honest Taxpayers Face Higher Tax Rates?
Authors: Doerrenberg Philipp , Duncan Denvil , Fuest Clemens , Peichl Andreas
Published: January 2014

This paper examines the relationship between ‘tax morale’ and tax policy. Using a unique cross‐country data set based on the World Values Survey and the World Tax Indicators, we find that income groups with high tax morale face higher average and marginal tax rates. We propose three possible mechanisms which could help to explain our results: i) an inverse elasticity argument where governments seek to minimize distortions, ii) a political economy argument where governments take voting behavior into account, and iii) an administrative costs argument where taxing high morale groups is more cost efficient.
Do Bailouts Cause Moral Hazards or Franchise Value in Banking?
Authors: Kauko Karlo
Published: January 2014

Governmental safety nets are said to be a major source of moral hazard in banking. If profits are private but losses are borne by taxpayers, banks have perverted incentives to take excessive risks. Cordella and Levy Yeyati (2003) presented an opposing hypothesis. Safety nets offered during turbulent times help banks to survive and may increase banks' franchise value. This induces stronger risk aversion. This unorthodox hypothesis is tested with a cross‐national comparison. National banking crises in 1981–2003 were handled by national authorities in different ways, and countries may have built reputations as tough or generous crisis managers. The recent financial crisis was less severe in countries where the government had offered blanket guarantees in previous crises, which may be interpreted as a sign of stronger risk aversion during the pre‐2007 build‐up phase. Moreover, losses suffered by depositors in past crises made the recent crisis worse. These findings are consistent with the franchise value hypothesis but in strict contradiction with the mainstream moral hazard argumentation. The finding is politically unpopular and based on relatively few observations, but it is statistically significant and robust to the inclusion of numerous control variables.
Did the Classical Gold Standard Lead to Greater Business Cycle Synchronization? Evidence from New Measures
Authors: Miles William , Vijverberg Chu‐Ping C.
Published: January 2014

Previous studies have presented findings suggesting that the gold standard may have led to an increase in business cycle synchronization among its member countries. This follows a growing literature which posits that currency unions in general lead to greater synchronization of business cycles. The previous papers on the gold standard, however, suffer from simultaneity problems, and incomplete measures of just how synchronized output gaps are. We accordingly apply two new measures of business cycle coherence which have recently been applied to the modern Euro zone. These measures account both for differences in the sign as well as the amplitude of output gaps, and can be computed on a period‐by‐period basis, unlike previous metrics. In addition, we employ two other methods which do not allow for time‐varying estimation, but have been employed in other studies of output convergence. We find, contrary to the earlier studies, that the classical gold standard did not appear to increase the coherence of business cycles.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and angiogenesis: is there an interaction between them?
Authors: Paridaens Annelies , Laukens Debby , Vandewynckel Yves‐Paul , Coulon Stephanie , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja , Colle Isabelle
Published: January 2014

When cells are subjected to stress by changes in their extracellular environment, unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress. This initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction cascade aiming at restoring cellular homeostasis. The UPR and angiogenesis are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cancer, pulmonary diseases and chronic liver diseases (CLDs) including alcoholic liver disease, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis B. This review summarizes the upcoming knowledge of the interaction between the UPR and angiogenesis in physiological angiogenesis and in different CLDs and other diseases.
Chancelloriid sclerites from theLowerCambrian (Meishucunian) of easternYunnan,China, and the early history of the group
Authors: Moore John L. , Li Guoxiang , Porter Susannah M.
Published: January 2014

Chancelloriids are a group of enigmatic sessile animals that are covered with sclerites shaped as rosettes of spines, producing an appearance like that of a barrel cactus. They are known only fromCambrian rocks. Isolated sclerites of chancelloriids are widespread in small shelly faunas, but they have proven difficult to treat taxonomically due to the variation within and between individual animals. We report on large samples of chancelloriid sclerites from theMeishucunian (pre‐trilobiticLowerCambrian) of easternYunnanProvince,China, including material from theDahaiMember of theZhujiaqingFormation (theZhujiaqing section,Dahai,HuizeCounty) and theShiyantouFormation (theXiaotan section,YongshanCounty). The material from theDahaiMember appears to come from a single species,Chancelloriella irregularis. Statistical analysis of morphotype co‐occurrences in different samples suggests that several species are represented in the material from theShiyantouFormation, which we herein tentatively place in four species,Allonnia erromenosa,Allonnia tetrathallis,Archiasterella charmasp. nov. andArchiasterellacf.pentactina. We suggest therefore that careful study of large collections of isolated chancelloriid sclerites permits the identification of different species, opening the possibility of their use in evolutionary or stratigraphical studies. In particular, inSouthChina, it seems thatChancelloriella irregularisis characteristic of rocks of theParagloborilus subglobosus–Purella squamulosaAssemblageZone and theWatsonella crosbyiAssemblageZone, whilstArchiasterellaandAllonniafirst appear in the overlyingSinosachites flabelliformis–Tannuolina zhangwentangiAssemblageZone.C. irregularisis thus amongst the oldest well‐characterized chancelloriids, and the irregularity and poor organization of its sclerites relative to those of younger forms support the hypothesis that chancelloriid sclerites are compound structures arising from the fusion of originally separate elements, perhaps homologous with sclerites of halkieriids and other coeloscleritophorans. The similarity between the arrangement of rays in a chancelloriid sclerite and the arrangement of bubbles in small bubble clusters suggests that in many cases, aspects of the form of chancelloriid sclerites are the result of simple physical processes.
Alternative species to replaceMonterey pine plantations affected by pitch canker caused byFusarium circinatumin northernSpain
Authors: Martínez‐Álvarez P. , Pando V. , Diez J. J.
Published: January 2014

The pitch canker pathogenFusarium circinatumwas first found to cause damage in nurseries and pine plantations in northern Spain in 2004. Since then, establishment of pine plantations in the region has decreased as a result of the prohibitions placed on plantingPinusspp. andPseudotsuga menziesiiin areas affected by the disease. However, although most pine species have been found to be susceptible to the pathogen under nursery conditions, little is known about how the fungus affects the trees in the field. Furthermore, it is not known whether some of the native or exotic species commonly planted in the area are also susceptible toF. circinatum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of several conifer species commonly planted in northern Spain to the pitch canker pathogen. For this purpose, two different trials were carried out, one under controlled laboratory conditions and the other in the field. Although most of the conifers were affected by the pathogen in the laboratory tests, onlyPinus radiata,Pinus nigra,Pinus pinasterandPinus uncinatawere susceptible to the pathogen in the field.
The Effect of Antifibrotic Drug Halofugine on Th17 Cells in Concanavalin A‐Induced Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Liang J. , Zhang B. , Shen R.‐W. , Liu J.‐B. , Gao M.‐H. , Geng X. , Li Y. , Li Y.‐Y. , Zhang W.
Published: January 2014

Anti‐inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to hepatic fibrosis. T helper (Th) 17 cells, which play a detrimental role in experimental murine models of inflammatory diseases, have been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of liver damage. The inhibitory effect of halofuginone (HF), an active component of extracts derived from the plant alkaloid febrifugine, on collagen synthesis has been shown in animal models of the fibrotic disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the in vivo effect of HF on Th17 cells in concanavalin A‐induced fibrosis rats. Haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were performed to observe collagen deposition. The presence of INF‐gamma, TNF‐alpha, IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐1beta, IL‐33 and IL‐10 in serum and the presence of ROR‐γt, IL‐17, TGF‐β1 and α‐SMA in liver tissue were detected. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse the percentage of Th17 cells. We observed significantly lower levels of INF‐gamma, TNF‐alpha, IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐1beta, TGF‐β1 and α‐SMA in HF‐treated group of rats, and the percentage of Th17 cells in splenic lymphocyte was decreased well. Histological examination demonstrated that HF significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis in HF‐treated rats. We concluded that HF (10 mg/kg) exerts an antifibrotic impact on Th17 cells and its relative cytokines in rats with ConA‐induced fibrosis.
Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐37 in Cholesteatoma Enables Keratinocyte Reactivity with Cytosolic DNA
Authors: Chi Z. , Wang Z. , Wang K. , Zhu Y. , Qin S.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine whether self‐DNA can trigger the inflammatory response in cholesteatoma. Specimens were collected from nine patients with invasive cholesteatoma, nine patients with attic‐type cholesteatoma (pars flaccida was perforated in five patients and intact in four) and four healthy skins. Expression and localization of LL‐37 and interferon‐alpha were detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. Cultures of human cholesteatomatous keratinocytes were exposed to CpG DNA, LL‐37 or CpG DNA complexed to LL‐37 for 24 h. Expression of interferon‐alpha was detected by RT‐PCR. We detected abundant cytosolic DNA, increased LL‐37 and interferon‐alpha in keratinocytes in invasive cholesteatoma and attic‐type cholesteatoma with pars flaccida perforation, but not in attic‐type cholesteatoma with pars flaccida intact and normal skin. In cultured keratinocytes, LL‐37–DNA complexes induced IFN‐α expression. These data suggest that cytosolic DNA is an important disease‐associated molecular pattern that triggers the inflammation response in cholesteatoma. Furthermore, LL‐37 played an important role in DNA‐triggered inflammation. Thus, we have identified a link between cytosolic DNA, LL‐37 and autoinflammation in cholesteatoma, providing new potential targets for the treatment of this disease.
Methods to Distinguish Between Polynomial and Exponential Tails
Authors: Castillo Joan Del , Daoudi Jalila , Lockhart Richard
Published: January 2014

Two methods to distinguish between polynomial and exponential tails are introduced. The methods are based on the properties of the residual coefficient of variation for the exponential and non‐exponential distributions. A graphical method, called a CV‐plot, shows departures from exponentiality in the tails. The plot is applied to the daily log‐returns of exchange rates of US dollar and Japanese yen. New statistics are introduced for testing the exponentiality of tails using multiple thresholds. They give better control of the significance level than previous tests. The powers of the new tests are compared with those of some others for various sample sizes.
Geometric Anisotropic Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Cox Processes
Authors: Møller Jesper , Toftaker Håkon
Published: January 2014

We consider spatial point processes with a pair correlation function, which depends only on the lag vector between a pair of points. Our interest is in statistical models with a special kind of ‘structured’ anisotropy: the pair correlation function is geometric anisotropic if it is elliptical but not spherical. In particular, we study Cox process models with an elliptical pair correlation function, including shot noise Cox processes and log Gaussian Cox processes, and we develop estimation procedures using summary statistics and Bayesian methods. Our methodology is illustrated on real and synthetic datasets of spatial point patterns.
Statistical Inference for Single‐index Panel Data Models
Authors: Zhu Liping , You Jinhong , Xu Qunfang
Published: January 2014

We study estimation and hypothesis testing in single‐index panel data models with individual effects. Through regressing the individual effects on the covariates linearly, we convert the estimation problem in single‐index panel data models to that in partially linear single‐index models. The conversion is valid regardless of the individual effects being random or fixed. We propose an estimating equation approach, which has a desirable double robustness property. We show that our method is applicable in single‐index panel data models with heterogeneous link functions. We further design a chi‐squared test to evaluate whether the individual effects are random or fixed. We conduct simulations to demonstrate the finite sample performance of the method and conduct a data analysis to illustrate its usefulness.
Short intervals induce superior training adaptations compared with long intervals in cyclists – An effort‐matched approach
Authors: Rønnestad B. R. , Hansen J. , Vegge G. , Tønnessen E. , Slettaløkken G.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks of effort‐matched short intervals (SI; n = 9) or long intervals (LI; n = 7) in cyclists. The high‐intensity interval sessions (HIT) were performed twice a week interspersed with low‐intensity training. There were no differences between groups at pretest. There were no differences between groups in total volume of both HIT and low‐intensity training. The SI group achieved a larger relative improvement in VO2max than the LI group (8.7% ± 5.0% vs 2.6% ± 5.2%), respectively, P ≤ 0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement in all measured parameters, including performance measured as mean power output during 30‐s all‐out, 5‐min all‐out, and 40‐min all‐out tests revealed a moderate‐to‐large effect of SI training vs LI training (ES range was 0.86–1.54). These results suggest that the present SI protocol induces superior training adaptations on both the high‐power region and lower power region of cyclists' power profile compared with the present LI protocol.
Teaching Race: Pedagogical Challenges in Predominantly White Undergraduate Theology Classrooms
Authors: Scheid Anna Floerke , Vasko Elisabeth T.
Published: January 2014

While a number of scholars in the field of Christian theology have argued for the importance of teaching diversity and social justice in theology and religious studies classrooms, little has been done to document and assess formally the implementation of such pedagogy. In this article, the authors discuss the findings of a yearlong Scholarship of Multicultural Teaching and Learning (SoMTL) study, which examined student learning and faculty teaching regarding race and white privilege in two theology classrooms. After a brief overview of the study's design and execution, we reflect upon our findings and draw out implications for pedagogical practices. In particular we discuss students' emotional responses to the material and the role of cognitive dissonance in student learning with respect to racial inequality via social structures. See a companion essay in this issue of the journal (Karen Teel, “Getting Out of the Left Lane: The Possibility of White Antiracist Pedagogy”) and responses by the authors of both essays, also published in this issue of the journal (“Responses: Toward an Antiracist Pedagogy”).
Writing to Learn the Reformation: Or, Who Was Ulrich Zwingli And Why Should I Care?
Authors: Jordon Sherry
Published: January 2014

This article describes the use of “Writing to Learn” assignments in a course on the Theology of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. These short, informal assignments promote active learning by focusing on writing as a process for critical thinking and as a way to learn the content of the course. They help students creatively engage with the texts, thoughtfully reflect on them, and critically assess their significance. This article describes the theory behind these assignments, provides examples of different types of assignments as well as excerpts from student papers, and concludes with an evaluation of their effectiveness. The students in the course found the assignments helpful in learning the content of the course and their attitude toward writing in this course significantly improved.
Sleeping with the enemy: the United Nations Development Programme and its position on the non‐communicable disease epidemic
Authors: Jacob Anil G. , Lal Pranay G. , Buragohain Anita
Published: January 2014

The United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) position on non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) is undermined by a key issue at the global institutional level. Fundamentally, the nature of the relationship between international development agencies and the tobacco industry is at odds with the professed public health priorities of the former. At its core, the business model of the tobacco industry is premised on the sale of addictive and disease‐causing substances that fuel NCDs in the first place. The role of the United Nations system and, in particular, UNDP is to ‘build nations that can withstand crisis’, not to collaborate with entities that profit from crises. This simple and well‐established fact cannot be overlooked. We outline an array of conflict of interests. If the effects of NCDs are ever to be reversed, then international agencies such as the UNDP ought to adhere to ethical standards in choosing partners and avoid conflict of interests. In the absence of this, the UNDP may well compromise its own agenda and proliferate NCDs rather than containing them.
An investigation of the effects of a hand washing intervention on health outcomes and school absence using a randomised trial in Indian urban communities
Authors: Nicholson Julie A. , Naeeni Mojgan , Hoptroff Michael , Matheson Jane R. , Roberts Anthony J. , Taylor David , Sidibe Myriam , Weir Anthony J. , Damle Satyawan G. , Wright Richard L.
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To evaluate how an intervention, which combined hand washing promotion aimed at 5‐year‐olds with provision of free soap, affected illnesses among the children and their families and children's school absenteeism.

Methods

We monitored illnesses, including diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs), school absences and soap consumption for 41 weeks in 70 low‐income communities in Mumbai, India (35 communities per arm).

Results

Outcomes from 847 intervention households (containing 847 5‐year‐olds and 4863 subjects in total) and 833 control households (containing 833 5‐year‐olds and 4812 subjects) were modelled using negative binomial regression. Intervention group 5‐year‐olds had fewer episodes of diarrhoea (−25%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = −37%, −2%), ARIs (−15%, 95% CI = −30%, −8%), school absences due to illnesses (−27%, 95% CI = −41%, −18%) and eye infections (−46%, 95% CI = −58%, −31%). Further, there were fewer episodes of diarrhoea and ARIs in the intervention group for ‘whole families’ (−31%, 95% CI = −37%, −5%; and −14%, 95% CI = −23%, −6%, respectively), 6‐ to 15‐year‐olds (−30%, 95% CI = −39%, −7%; and −15%, 95% CI = −24%, −6%) and under 5 s (−32%, 95% CI = −41%, −4%; and −20%, 95% CI = −29%, −8%).

Conclusions

Direct‐contact hand washing interventions aimed at younger school‐aged children can affect the health of the whole family. These may be scalable through public–private partnerships and classroom‐based campaigns. Further work is required to understand the conditions under which health benefits are transferred and the mechanisms for transference.
FREQUENCY AND NUMBER OF ULTRASOUND LUNG ROCKETS (B‐LINES) USING A REGIONALLY BASED LUNG ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION NAMED VET BLUE (VETERINARY BEDSIDE LUNG ULTRASOUND EXAM) IN DOGS WITH RADIOGRAPHICALLY NORMAL LUNG FINDINGS
Authors: Lisciandro Gregory R. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Fulton Robert M.
Published: January 2014

Lung ultrasound is superior to lung auscultation and supine chest radiography for many respiratory conditions in human patients. Ultrasound diagnoses are based on easily learned patterns of sonographic findings and artifacts in standardized images. By applying the wet lung (ultrasound lung rockets or B‐lines, representing interstitial edema) versus dry lung (A‐lines with a glide sign) concept many respiratory conditions can be diagnosed or excluded. The ultrasound probe can be used as a visual stethoscope for the evaluation of human lungs because dry artifacts (A‐lines with a glide sign) predominate over wet artifacts (ultrasound lung rockets or B‐lines). However, the frequency and number of wet lung ultrasound artifacts in dogs with radiographically normal lungs is unknown. Thus, the primary objective was to determine the baseline frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets in dogs without clinical signs of respiratory disease and with radiographically normal lung findings using an 8‐view novel regionally based lung ultrasound examination called Vet BLUE. Frequency of ultrasound lung rockets were statistically compared based on signalment, body condition score, investigator, and reasons for radiography. Ten left‐sided heart failure dogs were similarly enrolled. Overall frequency of ultrasound lung rockets was 11% (95% confidence interval, 6–19%) in dogs without respiratory disease versus 100% (95% confidence interval, 74–100%) in those with left‐sided heart failure. The low frequency and number of ultrasound lung rockets observed in dogs without respiratory disease and with radiographically normal lungs suggests that Vet BLUE will be clinically useful for the identification of canine respiratory conditions.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND PSEUDODIVERTICULA IN A HORSE
Authors: De Solís Cristobal Navas , Biscoe Elisabeth W. , Lund Caleb M. , Labbe Karyn , Muñoz Juan , Farnsworth Kelly
Published: January 2014

A 14‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for chronic colic and weight loss. Transcutaneous and transrectal abdominal ultrasonography revealed distended, thickened small intestine with primary thickening of the muscularis and a focally more thickened loop with an echoic structure crossing the wall from the mucosa to the serosa. Visualization of diffuse thickening of the muscularis (muscular hypertrophy of the small intestine) and a focal lesion (pseudodiverticulum) helped clinicians make informed decisions. This case illustrates the importance of transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography in horses with chronic colic and the relevance of considering the abnormalities in layering pattern of the intestinal wall.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF CANINE NONPARENCHYMAL HEMANGIOSARCOMA
Authors: Fukuda Shoko , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Robertson Ian D. , Oshima Fukiko , Fukazawa Eri , Nakano Yuko , Ono Shin , Thrall Donald E.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe pre‐ and postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of confirmed nonparenchymal hemangiosarcoma in a group of dogs. Medical records were searched during the period of July 2003 and October 2011 and dogs with histologically confirmed nonparenchymal hemangiosarcoma and pre‐ and postcontrast CT images were recruited. Two observers recorded a consensus opinion for the following CT characteristics for each dog: largest transverse tumor diameter, number of masses, general tumor shape, character of the tumor margin, precontrast appearance, presence of dystrophic calcification, presence of postcontrast enhancement, pattern of postcontrast enhancement, presence of regional lymphadenopathy, and presence of associated cavitary fluid. A total of 17 dogs met inclusion criteria. Tumors were located in the nasal cavity, muscle, mandible, mesentery, subcutaneous tissue, and retroperitoneal space. Computed tomographic features of nonparenchymal hemangiosarcoma were similar to those of other soft tissue sarcomas, with most tumors being heterogeneous in precontrast images, invasive into adjacent tissue, and heterogeneously contrast enhancing. One unexpected finding was the presence of intense foci of contrast enhancement in 13 of the 17 tumors (76%). This appearance, which is not typical of other soft tissue sarcomas, was consistent with contrast medium residing in vascular channels. Findings indicated that there were no unique distinguishing CT characteristics for nonparenchymal hemangiosarcoma in dogs; however, the presence of highly attenuating foci of contrast enhancement may warrant further investigation in prospective diagnostic sensitivity and treatment outcome studies.
Effect of the Heat Pipe Adiabatic Region
Authors: Brahim Taoufik , Jemni Abdelmajid
Published: January 2014

The main motivation of conducting this work is to present a rigorous analysis and investigation of the potential effect of the heat pipe adiabatic region on the flow and heat transfer performance of a heat pipe under varying evaporator and condenser conditions. A two-dimensional steady-state model for a cylindrical heat pipe coupling, for both regions, is presented, where the flow of the fluid in the porous structure is described by Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model which accounts for the boundary and inertial effects. The model is solved numerically by using the finite volumes method, and a fortran code was developed to solve the system of equations obtained. The results show that a phase change can occur in the adiabatic region due to temperature gradient created in the porous structure as the heat input increases and the heat pipe boundary conditions change. A recirculation zone may be created at the condenser end section. The effect of the heat transfer rate on the vapor radial velocities and the performance of the heat pipe are discussed.
On Tropical Forests and Their Pests
Authors: Coley Phyllis D. , Kursar Thomas A.
Published: January 2014

Interactions with pest species may help to explain the high plant species diversity in tropical forests.
Foreign Ground, Common Bodies

Foreign Bodies, Common Ground
Danielle Olsen, curator

Wellcome Collection, London. Through 9 February 2014. www.wellcomecollection.org/whats-on/exhibitions/foreign-bodies-common-ground.aspx
Authors: Ash Caroline
Published: January 2014

The exhibition showcases works produced during artist residencies at six health research centers around the globe.
No Windfall for U.S. Science
Authors: McNutt Marcia
Published: January 2014

With sequestration, 2013 was not a banner year for U.S. science. The federal research and development (R&D) budget, at an estimated $132.8B (billion), was 6.9% below 2012 levels and the lowest it had been since 2002, adjusted for inflation. With October came the government-wide shutdown, when the political parties failed to reach agreement on the 2014 appropriation. After 2 weeks of critical experiments being abandoned, time series suffering gaps, research grants not being funded, and overall loss in the credibility of the U.S. government as a reliable science partner, a temporary budget deal was struck in the form of a continuing resolution that reopened government, but only until January 15 of 2014.
Inferior phrenic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating drug-induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Salem Jean F , Haydar Ali , Hallal Ali
Published: January 2014

Inferior phrenic artery (IPA) pseudoaneurysm is an extremely rare complication of chronic pancreatitis with only three cases reported in the literature so far. It is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not diagnosed promptly. Recent advances in endovascular interventions made angiography with embolisation the modality of choice for diagnosis and treatment. We presented the first report of a case of ruptured IPA pseudoaneurysm complicating a drug-induced acute pancreatitis that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolisation. Despite its rarity, rupture of pseudoaneurysm due to drug-induced pancreatitis should be suspected and included in the differential diagnosis when associated with haemodynamic instability.
The art of getting published
Authors: Garner Jeff
Published: January 2014

Getting academic research published can be a daunting undertaking at first, and before the advent of academic junior doctor posts, was a hidden art for most. Publications remain an important milestone in academic progress in many disciplines and in some medical specialties are a prerequisite for selection to higher training grades. This article provides a brief overview of some of the issues facing those wishing to publish and how they may be overcome.
Simulation modeling of weather-sensitive tunnelling construction activities subject to cold weather
Authors: Shahin A. , AbouRizk S.M. , Mohamed Y. , Fernando S.
Published: January 2014

In cold regions, weather introduces a great deal of uncertainty to weather-sensitive construction activities, resulting in project schedules that deviate from plans. To maximize construction process productivity, decisions regarding process execution planning and sequence of work need to be made, based on reliable plans and schedules. Faced with winter weather uncertainty in cold regions, this task becomes quite challenging. This paper follows the framework that was proposed in the literature for simulating weather-sensitive construction projects executed under cold weather conditions. In the literature, the authors applied the framework steps to enable simulating and planning pipeline construction activities under severe cold weather. The proposed framework sets out a work breakdown structure of activities to account for and quantify weather impact on the project schedule. The steps outlined in the framework are followed to enable simulating and planning tunnelling construction activities executed under severe cold weather conditions. Relevant simulation findings, which clarify the impact of cold weather events on construction projects and can assist in project planning and decision support, are reported.
Growth and survival of seven native willow species on highly disturbed coal mine sites in eastern Canada
Authors: Mosseler A. , Major J.E. , Labrecque M.
Published: January 2014

Significant differences were apparent in seven native North American willow (Salix) species compared and assessed in common garden field tests for survival, biomass production, and coppice structure on former coal mine sites in New Brunswick, Canada. In most species, percentage survival was relatively constant after the initial establishment phase, allowing good prediction of final survival in the first or second year after establishment. Unrooted dormant stem sections collected from clones of five willow species previously field-tested and selected for survival and growth, survived and grew better on the mine site to be reclaimed than those collected directly from natural populations, demonstrating the ability to rapidly improve survival results based on prior field testing. Survival at ages 5 and 6 improved from an average of 70% to 94% for S. eriocephala Michx. and from 42% to 84% for S. interior Rowlee. The best clones in both species had over 95% survival and had approximately 5–6 t·ha−1 (t = tonne) fresh mass after 2 years of coppice growth. We recommend these two species for use in mine reclamation activities, because they grew best overall and had the highest survival rates. Despite poor average rooting ability in S. bebbiana Sarg., S. discolor Muhl., and S. humilis Marshall, some genotypes of these species showed good survival and growth, and further selection for these traits is warranted.
Magnetoelectric and magnetic studies of the Bi1–xCaxFeO3 multiferrioc system
Authors: Mansour S.F. , Abu-Elsaad N.I. , Elmosalami T.A.
Published: January 2014

Bi1–xCaxFeO3 was prepared by the flash autocombustion combustion technique. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a Rhombohedrally distorted hexagonal perovskite structure with space group R3c. The particle size and shape were studied by transmission electron microscope. Magnetization studies at room temperature showed superparamagnetic behavior for the prepared nanoparticles. Magnetoelectric coefficient characterized as magnetic field – induced polarization was investigated. The Lande factor (g), resonance field (Br), relaxation time (τ), and the energy between two adjacent degenerate spin energy levels (ΔE) were estimated from the electron spin resonance spectra.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE KLEIN–FOCK–GORDON EQUATION WITH THE MANNING–ROSEN POTENTIAL PLUS A RING-SHAPED LIKE POTENTIAL
Authors: AHMADOV A. I. , AYDIN C. , UZUN O.
Published: January 2014

In this work, on the condition that scalar potential is equal to vector potential, the bound state solutions of the Klein–Fock–Gordon equation of the Manning–Rosen plus ring-shaped like potential are obtained by Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy levels are worked out and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of orthogonal polynomials for arbitrary l states. The conclusion also contain central Manning–Rosen, central and noncentral Hulthén potential.
ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF (Mn,C)-CODOPEDGaN
Authors: LIU GANG , HOU BIN , ZHANG RU , TAO GAO
Published: January 2014

First-principle calculations have been performed to systematically investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn / C -codoped GaN . The formation energy of five different configurations is studied and the ground state is demonstrated to be ferromagnetic ordering. The ferromagnetic stabilization is largely due to the strong p–d hybridization among Mn 3d, C 3d and N 2p states. Our calculations show that the GaN codoped with Mn and C has a stable FM ground state with a high Curie temperature. These results are positive to design the dilute magnetic semiconductors with codopants in spintronics applications.
Agent-Based Reasoning in Medical Planning and Diagnosis Combining Multiple Strategies
Authors: Nieves Juan Carlos , Lindgren Helena , Cortés Ulises
Published: January 2014

Medical reasoning describes a form of qualitative inquiry that examines the cognitive (thought) processes involved in making medical decision. In this field the goal for diagnostic reasoning is assessing causes of observed conditions in order to make informed choices about treatment. In order to design a diagnostic reasoning method we merge ideas from a hypothetic-deductive method and the Domino model. In this setting, we introduce the so called Hypothetic-Deductive-Domino (HD-D) algorithm. In addition, a multi-agent approach is presented, which takes advantage of the HD-D algorithm for illuminating different standpoints in a diagnostic reasoning and assessment process, and for reaching a well-founded conclusion. This multi-agent approach is based on the so called Observer and Validating agents. The Observer agents are supported by a deductive inference process and the Validating agents are supported by an abductive inference process. The knowledge bases of these agents are captured by a class of possibilistic logic programs. Hence, these agents are able to deal with qualitative information. The approach is illustrated by a real scenario from diagnosing dementia diseases.
Towards a Simulator of Integrated Long-Term Care Systems for Elderly People
Authors: Grimaldo Francisco , Orduña Juan M. , Lozano Miguel , Ródenas Francisco , Garcés Jorge
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we propose a simulator for integrated long-term care systems using as a starting point a holistic model of care systems for people that need long term care, the Sustainable Socio-Health Model (SSHM). The implementation of the simulator on the Jason multi-agent platform allows the tool to include the human interactions, preferences, and social abilities that take place between elderly people and the staff of healthcare systems (doctors, social workers and nurses). In addition, the use of this multi-agent platform provides the required scalability for simulating population sizes of different orders of magnitude. The paper shows the model to be implemented in the simulator, the simulator architecture, the types of agents considered, their functionality and the information flow among them. Additionally, it shows the validation of the simulator with real data obtained from empirical studies conducted by the Polibienestar Research Institute in Spain, as well as a performance evaluation that sketches the performance of the simulator when using the centralized Jason infrastructure under different population sizes. Effectively, simulation can provide policy makers with the option of going into a decision theatre and virtually knowing the consequences of different policies prior to determining the real policy to be adopted.
PARALLEL STEEL FRAME TECHNIQUE FOR SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF RC STRUCTURES: CASE STUDY
Authors: MOWRTAGE (VAIL KARAKALE) WAIEL
Published: January 2014

To strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structures against possible future earthquakes, several techniques are used in practice such as adding new RC shear walls, column jacketing using steel or RC or carbon fibers, adding steel bracing, and using seismic isolation and dampers. To apply these techniques, the whole building or part of it should be evacuated for several months and if this building is a school or a factory it means that the building will lose its function for several months during the strengthening construction. In this paper, parallel braced steel frame strengthening technique is proposed to strengthen the low or middle raise RC structures in which all the construction works are applied from outside of the building and do not affect the building function. The main features of this technique are ensuring the view, ventilation, and sunlight from windows after the retrofitting work is done. Furthermore, using the construction steel members lead to shortening the construction term, improve in quality, and reduce costs. The idea of this technique is to reduce the earthquake displacement demand on the nonductile existing RC structures by attaching steel frames to the building floors. These frames are parallel to the structural system of the building and their foundations are connected to the existing building's foundation. In doing so, it is expected that during an earthquake the building's interstory drifts will reduce in half and prevent building collapse. The parallel steel frames can be designed to the desired limit states using performance-based design method in FEMA or Turkish earthquake code. A study case of a factory building in Turkey is presented. The seismic performance of the building before and after the strengthening was evaluated according to the Turkish earthquake code TERDC-2007. Analysis results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
QCD EVOLUTION OF HELICITY AND TRANSVERSITY TMDs
Authors: PROKUDIN ALEXEI
Published: January 2014

We examine the QCD evolution of the helicity and transversity parton distribution functions when including also their dependence on transverse momentum. Using an appropriate definition of these polarized transverse momentum distributions (TMDs), we describe their dependence on the factorization scale and rapidity cutoff, which is essential for phenomenological applications.
HIGH ENERGY FACTORIZATION AT NLO: LIPATOV'S EFFECTIVE ACTION REVISITED
Authors: CHACHAMIS G. , HENTSCHINSKI M. , MADRIGAL MARTÍNEZ J. D. , SABIO VERA A.
Published: January 2014

We discuss aspects of our recent derivation of the gluon Regge trajectory at two loop from Lipatov's high energy effective action. We show how the gluon Regge trajectory can be rigorously defined through renormalization of the high energy divergence of the reggeized gluon propagator. We furthermore provide some details on the determination of the two-loop reggeized gluon self-energy.
QUARK ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND FINAL STATE INTERACTIONS
Authors: BURKARDT MATTHIAS
Published: January 2014

Definitions of orbital angular momentum based on Wigner distributions are used to discuss the connection between the Ji definition of the quark orbital angular momentum and that of Jaffe and Manohar. The difference between these two definitions can be interpreted as the change in the quark orbital angular momentum as it leaves the target in a DIS experiment. The mechanism responsible for that change is similar to the mechanism that causes transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering.
EXTRACTIONS OF POLARIZED AND UNPOLARIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: JIMENEZ-DELGADO P.
Published: January 2014

An overview of our ongoing extractions of parton distribution functions of the nucleon is given. First JAM results on the determination of spin-dependent parton distribution functions from world data on polarized deep-inelastic scattering are presented first, and followed by a short report on the status of the JR unpolarized parton distributions. Different aspects of PDF analysis are briefly discussed, including effects of the nuclear structure of targets, target-mass corrections and higher twist contributions to the structure functions.
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF HIGHER ORDER SPLITTING FUNCTIONS
Authors: OVANESYAN GRIGORY
Published: January 2014

We study the angular distributions of the splitting functions for processes for which a parton splits into three partons. Unlike the case of coherent branching, we find that both in vacuum and in the presence of the dense QCD matter, such collinear splitting functions are neither ordered, nor anti-ordered. In the medium-induced splitting functions the angular distributions are broader compared to the similar vacuum distribution, a feature previously noticed from the lowest order medium-induced splitting functions.
DETECTING CORRELATED DI-HADRON PAIRS: ABOUT THE EXTRACTION OF TRANSVERSITY AND BEYOND
Authors: RADICI MARCO , BACCHETTA ALESSANDRO , COURTOY A.
Published: January 2014

We summarize the latest achievements about the extraction of the transversity parton distribution based on an analysis of pion-pair production in deep-inelastic scattering off transversely polarized targets in collinear factorization. Recently released data for proton and deuteron targets by HERMES and COMPASS allow for a flavor separation of the valence components of transversity. This extraction relies on di-hadron fragmentation functions. The latter have been taken from the first recent analysis of the semi-inclusive production of two pion pairs in back-to-back jets in e+e- annihilation. We also comment on the possibility of isolating new azimuthally asymmetric correlations of opposite pion pairs, which could arise when a fragmenting quark crosses parity-odd domains localized in Minkowski space-time and induced by the topologically nontrivial QCD background (the so-called θ vacuum).
ABILITY OF DFT CALCULATIONS TO CORRECTLY DESCRIBE REDOX POTENTIALS AND ELECTRON (DE)LOCALIZATION IN POLYOXOMETALATES
Authors: APARICIO PABLO A. , LÓPEZ XAVIER , POBLET JOSEP M.
Published: January 2014

Many interesting properties of polyoxometalates (POMs) are related to their ability to reversibly accept and release electrons. The correct computational description of metal electrons in POMs is central to fully understand the implications and mechanisms related to reduced structures. We performed DFT calculations on fully oxidized [ P 2 W 18 O 62]6- and α1/α2-[ P 2 MW 17 O 62]n-( M = V , Mo ) anions, and their one-electron reduced partners. Atomic spin populations of the reduced forms reveal that pure GGA functionals, which overdelocalize the electron density by nature, cannot correctly describe the extra electron especially when competition between the localized and delocalized situations is very close in energy, namely for α2-[ P 2 MoW 17 O 62]7-. On the other hand, hybrid functionals like B3LYP or M05 can localize the electron at the correct site. Within these "well-behaved" density functionals, only the B3LYP gives the correct ordering and relative reduction energies (REs) with respect to electrochemical measurements, although the absolute values are always less exothermic than expected. At present, this is the best density functional for computing redox properties of POMs.
SELF-ASSEMBLY DRIVEN CRYSTALLIZATION IN KEPLARATE-TYPE POLYOXOMETALATES
Authors: GOUTHAM KAPARAPU , MANI ETHAYARAJA
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we present direct evidences for two-stage mechanism of crystallization of patchy colloids from replica exchange Monte Carlo simulations. The patchy model colloid mimics the structure and interactions of a certain class of polyoxometalates (POM). We find that individual colloids self-assemble into two-dimensional sheets in hexagonal close-packed structure, and these sheets themselves stack to form crystals. The simulation explains the formation of hollow shell-like objects in POM solution [T. Liu, B. Imber, E. Diemann, G. Liu, K. Cokleski, H. Li, Z. Chen and A. Muller, J. Am. Chem. Soc.128, 15914 (2006)]. Simulation also predicted the formation of pentagonal caps that are essential for the formation of hollow, closed shells of POMs. Similar two-step crystallization of apoferritin protein was earlier found in experiments [S. T. Yau and P. G. Vekilov, Nature406, 494 (2000)]. The simulation study suggests nonclassical route to crystallization in patchy colloids.
Detecting profilable and overlapping communities with user-generated multimedia contents in LBSNs
Authors: Zhao Yi-Liang , Chen Qiang , Yan Shuicheng , Chua Tat-Seng , Zhang Daqing
Published: January 2014

In location-based social networks (LBSNs), users implicitly interact with each other by visiting places, issuing comments and/or uploading photos. These heterogeneous interactions convey the latent information for identifying meaningful user groups, namely social communities, which exhibit unique location-oriented characteristics. In this work, we aim to detect and profile social communities in LBSNs by representing the heterogeneous interactions with a multimodality nonuniform hypergraph. Here, the vertices of the hypergraph are users, venues, textual comments or photos and the hyperedges characterize the
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-partite heterogeneous interactions such as posting certain comments or uploading certain photos while visiting certain places. We then view each detected social community as a dense subgraph within the heterogeneous hypergraph, where the user community is constructed by the vertices and edges in the dense subgraph and the profile of the community is characterized by the vertices related with venues, comments and photos and their inter-relations. We present an efficient algorithm to detect the overlapped dense subgraphs, where the profile of each social community is guaranteed to be available by constraining the minimal number of vertices in each modality. Extensive experiments on Foursquare data well validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of detecting meaningful social communities and uncovering their underlying profiles in LBSNs.
Making the java memory model safe
Authors: Lochbihler Andreas
Published: January 2014

This work presents a machine-checked formalisation of the Java memory model and connects it to an operational semantics for Java and Java bytecode. For the whole model, I prove the data race freedom guarantee and type safety. The model extends previous formalisations by dynamic memory allocation, thread spawns and joins, infinite executions, the wait-notify mechanism, and thread interruption, all of which interact in subtle ways with the memory model. The formalisation resulted in numerous clarifications of and fixes to the existing JMM specification.