bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the interaction effects of backfill on the shell in the soil-steel structure based
on deformation of the shell
Authors: Machelski Czesław
Published: April 2019

A characteristic feature of the soil-steel structure, in contrast to conventional bridges, is a greatly influence of the backfill ground and the road surface as a load-bearing elements. In the model with soil-steel structure, there are two structural parts: steel shell with corrugated plates and backfilling ground with road surface. The interaction between them is modelled as a contact interaction (interface), which is a normal and tangential force to the surface of the shell. These normal interactions are variable during the construction phase as well as during operation. In this paper, the collocation condition is use to determine these interactions, based on the fact that the calculation result obtained from the model of the geometry of the shell is to be consistent with the result of the measurement of the movement of the collocation point in the real structure. The physical characteristics of the soil in layers of backfill and especially the technology of laying and compacting is taken into account. This is the advantage of this algorithm. The results of these analyses can be the basis for comparing the effectiveness of conventional geotechnical models.
Technological development of the train crossover drives
Authors: Dyduch Janusz , Kornaszewski Mieczysław
Published: April 2019

The article includes information about the train crossover drives used in the Polish railway and their technological development. Train crossover devices are elements for the regular branching or crossing of the railway tracks. The drive of train crossover is a mechanism setting the train crossover device from one position to the other or closing it at the end position. It also transfers information about the train crossover position to the railway control room. The article characterizes drives of train crossover from different manufacturers implemented at the Polish railways in chronological order. The special emphasis was placed on their exploitation characteristics.
Gagasan Pemikir Islam Progresif; Beragama Secara Otentik Dalam Kehidupan Kontemporer
Authors: Maimun Ach.
Published: April 2019

Abstrak:

Beragama secara otentik adalah idealisme penganut agama yang sungguh-sungguh. Di satu sisi beragama tidak bisa sekadar meniru dalam tradisi, tapi di sisi lain ia berhadapan dengan modernitas yang mengubah tradisi. Di satu sisi Islam terjaga dalam tradisi tapi di sisi lain kemajuan mengharuskan mengikuti modernitas. Karena itu, pertanyaan bagaimana menjadi muslim sekaligus menjadi modern adalah pertanyaan dasar dalam pencarian otentisitas beragama. Pertanyaan itu terutama dilatari oleh kesadaran atas ketertinggalan dari Barat dan upaya yang dilakukan dengan menirut Barat tidak memberikan hasil yang menggembirakan, untuk tidak menyebut gagal. Umat Islam mengalami “alienasi” dalam keagamaan dan kehidupan kontemporer. Para pemikir Islam progresif menawarkan gagasan yang beragam dalam rangka menemukan otentisitas beragama tersebut. Iqbal memberikan gagasan yang bercorak filosofis dengan mendasarkan konsepnya pada diri/jiwa yang otonom, Sayyid Quthub yang radikal mendasarkan pada konsep dasar Islam yang berseberangan dengn kejahiliahan, Ali Syari’ati yang revolusioner mendasarkan pada spirit ajaran Islam yang diterjemahkan gerakan nyata melawan berbagai bentuk tirani, dan Arkoun yang kritis dalam menggali turats dengan menggunakan perangkat-perangkat modern. Berbagai gagasan yang beragam ini dapat memberi inspirasi bagi upaya terus menerus mencari otentisitas beragama.

 

Kata Kunci: ashalah, turats, modernitas, alienasi.

 

Abstract:

Authentic religion is a religious idealism. On the one hand religion can not simply imitate in tradition, but on the other hand it deals with modernity that changes tradition. On the one hand Islam is awake in tradition but on the other hand progress requires following modernity. Therefore, the question of how to become Muslim and to be modern is a basic question in the quest for religious authenticity. The question is mainly due to the awareness of the backwardness of the West and the efforts made by emulating the West have not yielded encouraging results, not to mention failure. Muslims experience "alienation" in religious and contemporary life. Progressive Islamist thinkers offer diverse ideas in order to discover the religious authenticity. Iqbal gave a philosophical idea of ​​basing his concept on autonomous self, the radical Sayyid Quthub based on the basic concept of Islam that is opposed to ignorance, the revolutionary Ali Shari'ati based on the spirit of Islamic teachings translated by real movements against various forms of tyranny, and Arkoun are critical in digging turats using modern devices. These diverse ideas can inspire the continued quest for religious authenticity.

 

Keywords: ashalah, turats, modernity, alienation.
Analisis Historis Terhadap Integrasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Abbasiyah
Authors: Farida Siti
Published: April 2019

Abstrak:

Sejak awal kekuasaannya, Dinasti Abbasiyah sangat memperhatikan perkembangan pendidikan. Hamper diseluruh wilayah Islam berdiri berbagai macam lembaga pendidikan. Lembaga-lembaga tersebut tersebar di perkotaan dan perdesaan. Perkembangan lembaga pendidikan yang demikian maju pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah telah disertai dengan penataan kurikulum yang baik. Ketika itu terdapat tiga jenis kurikulum di madrasah-madrasah: kurikulum pendidikan rendah, menengah dan kurikulum pendidikan tinggi. Kurikulum pendidikan rendah bentuknya bervariasi, tergantung pada tingkat kebutuhan masyarakat. Namun secara umum kurikulum yang diajarkan ketika itu adalah belajar membaca, menulis, tata bahasa, hadits, prinsip-prinsip dasar matematika, dan syair. Selain itu ada pula yang menambahkan pelajaran nahwu dan cerita-cerita kepahlawanan Islam.bahkan ada kurikulum yang sebatas menghafal Al-Qur’an dan menkaji dasar-dasar ajaran Islam. Kurikulum pendidikan tinggi dibagi menjadi dua jurusan : jurusan ilmu-ilmu agama dan jurusan ilmu pengetahuan umum. Kurikulum agama terdiri dari fikih, nahwu, kalam, kitabah, dan lain-lain. Sedangkan kurikulum umum terdiri dari matematika, logika, ilmu angka-angka, geometri, astronomi, music, aritmatika, hukum-hukum geometri dan sebagainya.

 

Kata Kunci: Kurikulum, Abbasiyah

 

Abstract:Since the beginning of his power, The Abbasid dynasty paid great attention to the development of education. Almost all Islamic regions stand a variety of educational institutions. These institutions are scattered in urban and rural areas. The development of such an educational institution advanced during the Abbasid period has been accompanied by a good curriculum arrangement. At that time there were three types of curriculum in Madrasahs: low, middle, and higher education curricula. The lower education curriculum varies in form, depending on the level of community needs. But in general the curriculum taught at the time was learning to read, write, grammar, hadith, basic principles of mathematics, and poetry. In addition there are also add nahwu lessons and Islamic heroic stories.bahkan there is a curriculum that is merely memorize the Qur'an and examine the basics of Islamic teachings. The higher education curriculum is divided into two majors: the majors of the religious sciences and the general science department. The religious curriculum consists of fiqh, nahwu, kalam, kitabah, and others. While the general curriculum consists of mathematics, logic, numerology, geometry, astronomy, music, arithmetic, geometry laws and so on. Keywords: Curriculum, Abbasiyah
Pendekatan Ijbari Dalam Studi Al-Qur'an
Authors: Djalal Zaglul Fitrian
Published: April 2019

Abstrak:

Al-Qur’an secara teks tidak berubah, tetapi penafsiran atas teks, selalu berubah, sesuai dengan konteks ruang dan waktu manusia. Karenanya, al-Qur’an selalu membuka diri untuk dianalisis, dipersepsi dan diinterpretasikan (ditafsirkan) dengan berbagai alat, metode, dan pendekatan untuk menguak isi sejatinya. Aneka metode dan tafsir diajukan sebagai jalan untuk membedah makna terdalam dari al-Qur’an itu. Salah satu pendekatan dalam studi al-Qur’an adalah pendekatan ijba>ri> (eksperimen). Pendekatan dengan riset ijba>ri> ini diartikan sebagai penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian ini mengambil alam fisika sebagai objek penelitiannya; langit, bumi, air, tubuh manusia, dan lain-lain. Penelitian eksperimental inilah yang membuat Islam maju dan memimpin dunia pada masa keemasannya.

 

Kata Kunci: ijba>ri>, Al-Qur’an

 

Abstract:

The Qur'an is textually unchanged, but the interpretation of the text, constantly changing, corresponds to the context of human space and time. Therefore, the Qur'an always opens itself to be analyzed, perceived and interpreted (interpreted) with various tools, methods, and approaches to uncover its true content. Various methods and interpretations are proposed as a way to dissect the deepest meaning of the Qur'an. One approach in the study of the Qur'an is the ijba>ri> (experimental) approach. This approach with ijba>ri> research is interpreted as experimental research. This research takes the nature of physics as the object of its research; sky, earth, water, human body, and others. This experimental study has led Islam to advance and lead the world in its heyday.

 

Keywords: ijba>ri>, Al-Qur’an
Otentisitas Bahasa Al-Qur'an dan Pemaknaan Bidadari Surga (Respon Stefan Wild Terhadap Hipotesa Luxenberg)
Authors: Najah Nailun
Published: April 2019

Abstrak:

Kritikan Stefan Wild terhadap Luxenburg dalam kajian ini mengacu kepada tiga hal: Pertama, adalah mengenai otentisitas bahasa al-Qur’an yang diklaim Luxenberg berasal dari bahasa Syiria-Aramaic. Kedua, mengenai pemaknaan Luxenberg terhadap kata hu>r ‘i>n. Ketiga, mengenai tesis Luxenberg yang mengatakan bahwa citra seksualitas dalam deskripsi tentang surga disebutkan dalam agama selain Islam.

 

Kata Kunci: Bahasa al-Qur’an, Bidadari Surga

 

Abstract:

Stefan Wild’s criticism to Luxenburg in this writing refers to three issues: First, is about authenticity of Koranic language that was claimed by Luxenberg that it  came from Syiria-Aramaic language. Second, is about Luxenberg interpretation to  hu>r ‘i>n word. Third, is about Luxenberg’s tesis that sexuality image in paradise description is not only mentioned Islam, but also in other religion.

 

Keywords: Koranic Language, Paradise Sylph.
Filsafat Dinamis Integralistik Epistemologi Dalam Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal
Authors: Maimun Ach.
Published: April 2019

Abstract:

This study focuses on the dynamic and integral aspects of Iqbal. The spirit of dynamism and integrality is a discussion of Iqbal which has received less attention in various studies. With this spirit, Iqbal concocted successfully to build an Islamic civilization that was built in chaos. For that purpose, Iqbal integrates the fundamental aspects, namely the source of knowledge consists of afak, anfus and history. There are three potentials, namely the senses, reason and intuition. All these devices are a unity towards continuous improvement until they reach their peak. To continue to move dynamically, the power of y ‘isyq in the gathering mind is important so that all sources are maximized simultaneously to explore the object of knowledge which is the connection between the One Absolute Being. With this Iqbal succeeded in encouraging object integration (physical and metaphysical) which began with the integration of Sufism, philosophy and science. Iqbal also integrates classical and modern and challenges Islam and the West while remaining critical thinking. Knowledge gained from actions in the form of ‘charity as a form of knowledge and action.

 

Keywords: source of knowledge, ‘isyq, intuition, integration.
Analisis Pengaruh Suku Bunga dan Nilai Kurs Terhadap Tingkat Inflasi di Indonesia
Authors: Umam Muslihul , Isabela Isabela
Published: April 2019

Abstrak

Inflasi merupakan salah satu indikator perekonomian yang penting, laju perubahannya selalu diupayakan rendah dan stabil. Inflasi yang tinggi dan tidak stabil merupakan cerminan akan kecenderungan naiknya tingkat harga barang dan jasa secara umum dan terus menerus sehingga akan melemahkan daya beli masyrakat yang nantinya akan berdampak pada penurunan pendapatan nasional. Oleh karena itu diharapkan adanya pengendalian laju inflasi yang akhir-akhir ini menunjukkan grafik yang meningkat. Penelitian ini membahas tentang “Analisis Pengaruh Suku bunga dan Nilai Kurs Terhadap Tingkat Inflasi Di Indonesia Periode 1985-2014”, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suku bunga, dan nilai kurs terhadap tingkat inflasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan error correction model (ECM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat inflasi di Indonesia, nilai kurs RP/US Dollar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat inflasi di Indonesia.

 

Keywords: tingkat inflasi, suku bunga, dan nilai kurs.

 

Abstract

Inflation is one of the important economic indicators, the rate of change is always besought low and stable. High and unstable inflation is a reflection of the tendency to increase the level of prices of goods and services in general and continuously so that it will weaken the purchasing power of the people which will reduce national incomelater. Therefore, it is expected to control the inflation rate, which lately shows an increasing graph. This study discusses "The analysis of the Influence of Interest Rates and Exchange Rates to the Inflation Rate in Indonesia for the Period 1985-2014", aims to determine the effect of interest rates, and the exchange rate on the inflation rate in Indonesia using the error correction model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that interest rates have a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Indonesia, the exchange rate of Rupiah / US dollar has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Indonesia.

 

Keywords: Inflation Rate, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates.
Pengelolaan Administrasi Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Jamal Nur , Syarifah Masykurotus
Published: April 2019

Abstrak

Seringkali pengelolaan administrasi pendidikan masih dikesampingkan dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Masih banyaknya lembaga pendidikan yang kurang memperhatikan terhadap pengelolaan administrasi. Hal ini menjadikan lembaga pendidikan kemudian seperti mobil yang dikendalikan tanpa adanya aturan dan tujuan yang pasti. Sudah seharusnya difahami bahwa salah satu aspek yang urgen untuk dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan adalah adanya pengelolaan administrasi yang bagus baik untuk tenaga pendidik maupun tenaga kependidikan. Peningkatan kemampuan tersebut akan berakibat positif dan efektif dalam peningkatan kualitas lembaga pendidikan. Pengelolaan administrasi yang baik merupakan salah satu rangkaian dalam upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Pembinaan dan pengembangan kemampuan profesional tenaga pendidik maupun kependidikan yang dilaksanakan secara bermutu melalui peningkatan adminstrasi pendidikan yang baik akan dapat meningkatkan kualitas lembaga pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan mutu pendidikan salah satunya sangatlah tergantung pada pengelolaan administrasi pendidikan.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Administrasi, Peningkatan mutu Pendidikan

 

Abstract

Often the management of education administration is still ruled out in improving the quality of education. There are still many educational institutions that pay less attention to administrative management. This makes later educational institutions like cars that are controlled without any definite rules and objectives. It should be understood that one of the urgent aspects to be carried out in order to improve the quality of education is good administrative management for both educators and education staff. This increase in capacity will have a positive and effective impact on improving the quality of educational institutions. Good administrative management is one of a series in efforts to improve the quality of education. The fostering and development of the professional abilities of educators and education staff carried out in a quality manner through improved education in good education will improve the quality of educational institutions. Therefore, improving the quality of education is very dependent on the management of educational administration. 

Keywords: Administrative Management, Educational Quality Improvement
Extreme Debris Disk Variability: Exploring the Diverse Outcomes of Large Asteroid Impacts During the Era of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Authors: Su Kate Y. L. , Jackson Alan P. , Gáspár András , Rieke George H. , Dong Ruobing , Olofsson Johan , Kennedy G. M. , Leinhardt Zoë M. , Malhotra Renu , Hammer Michael , Meng Huan Y. A. , Rujopakarn W. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Pepper Joshua , Reichart D. E. , James David , Stassun Keivan G.
Published: April 2019

The most dramatic phases of terrestrial planet formation are thought to be oligarchic and chaotic growth, on timescales of up to 100–200 Myr, when violent impacts occur between large planetesimals of sizes up to protoplanets. Such events are marked by the production of large amounts of debris, as has been observed in some exceptionally bright and young debris disks (termed extreme debris disks). Here we report five years of Spitzer measurements of such systems around two young solar-type stars: ID8 and P1121. The short-term (weekly to monthly) and long-term (yearly) disk variability is consistent with the aftermaths of large impacts involving large asteroid-sized bodies. We demonstrate that an impact-produced clump of optically thick dust, under the influence of the dynamical and viewing geometry effects, can produce short-term modulation in the disk light curves. The long-term disk flux variation is related to the collisional evolution within the impact-produced fragments once released into a circumstellar orbit. The time-variable behavior observed in the P1121 system is consistent with a hypervelocity impact prior to 2012 that produced vapor condensates as the dominant impact product. Two distinct short-term modulations in the ID8 system suggest two violent impacts at different times and locations. Its long-term variation is consistent with the collisional evolution of two different populations of impact-produced debris dominated by either vapor condensates or escaping boulders. The bright, variable emission from the dust produced in large impacts from extreme debris disks provides a unique opportunity to study violent events during the era of terrestrial planet formation.
Orbital Deflection of Comets by Directed Energy
Authors: Zhang Qicheng , Lubin Philip M. , Hughes Gary B.
Published: April 2019

Cometary impacts pose a long-term hazard to life on Earth. Impact mitigation techniques have been studied extensively, but they tend to focus on asteroid diversion. Typical asteroid interdiction schemes involve spacecraft physically intercepting the target, a task feasible only for targets identified decades in advance and in a narrow range of orbits—criteria unlikely to be satisfied by a threatening comet. Comets, however, are naturally perturbed from purely gravitational trajectories via solar heating of their surfaces, which activates sublimation-driven jets. Artificial heating of a comet, such as by a laser, may supplement natural heating by the Sun to purposefully manipulate its path and thereby avoid an impact. Deflection effectiveness depends on the comet’s heating response, which varies dramatically depending on factors including nucleus size, orbit, and dynamical history. These factors are incorporated into a numerical orbital model to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using high-powered laser arrays in Earth orbit and on the ground for comet deflection. Simulation results suggest that a diffraction-limited 500 m orbital or terrestrial laser array operating at 10 GW for 1% of each day over 1 yr is sufficient to fully avert the impact of a typical 500 m diameter comet with primary nongravitational parameter A
1 = 2 × 10−8 au day−2. Strategies to avoid comet fragmentation during deflection are also discussed.
Parallaxes for Star-forming Regions in the Inner Perseus Spiral Arm
Authors: Zhang Bo , Reid Mark J. , Zhang Lian , Wu Yuanwei , Hu Bo , Sakai Nobuyuki , Menten Karl M. , Zheng Xingwu , Brunthaler Andreas , Dame Thomas M. , Xu Ye
Published: April 2019

We report trigonometric parallax and proper motion measurements of 6.7 GHz CH3OH and 22 GHz H2O masers in eight high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs) based on Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations as part of the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy (BeSSeL) Survey. The distances of these HMSFRs combined with their Galactic coordinates, radial velocities, and proper motions, allow us to assign them to a segment of the Perseus arm with ℓ ≲ 70°. These HMSFRs are clustered in Galactic longitude from ≈30° to ≈50° neighboring a dearth of such sources between longitudes ≈50° to ≈90°.
Dicarbon Formation in Collisions of Two Carbon Atoms
Authors: Babb James F. , Smyth R. T. , McLaughlin B. M.
Published: April 2019

Radiative association cross sections and rates are computed, using a quantum approach, for the formation of C2 molecules (dicarbon) during the collision of two ground-state C(3
P) atoms. We find that transitions originating in the C 1Π
g
, d 3Π
g
, and 1 5Π
u
states are the main contributors to the process. The results are compared and contrasted with previous results obtained from a semiclassical approximation. New ab initio potential curves and transition dipole moment functions have been obtained for the present work using the multi-reference configuration interaction approach with the Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) and aug-cc-pCV5Z basis sets, substantially increasing the available molecular data on dicarbon. Applications of the current computations to various astrophysical environments and laboratory studies are briefly discussed, focusing on these rates.
Evidence for a Young Stellar Population in Nearby Type 1 Active Galaxies
Authors: Kim Minjin , Ho Luis C.
Published: April 2019

To understand the physical origin of the close connection between supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies, it is vital to investigate star formation properties in active galaxies. Using a large data set of nearby type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with detailed structural decomposition based on high-resolution optical images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, we study the correlation between BH mass and bulge luminosity and the (Kormendy) relation between bulge effective radius and surface brightness. In both relations, the bulges of type 1 AGNs tend to be more luminous than those of inactive galaxies with the same BH mass or the same bulge size. This suggests that the central regions of AGN host galaxies have characteristically lower mass-to-light ratios than inactive galaxies, most likely due to the presence of a younger stellar population in active systems. In addition, the degree of luminosity excess appears to be proportional to the accretion rate of the AGN, revealing a physical connection between stellar growth and BH growth. Adopting a simple toy model for the increase of stellar mass and BH mass, we show that the fraction of young stellar population flattens out toward high accretion rates, possibly reflecting the influence of AGN-driven feedback.
Detection of a White Dwarf Companion to a Blue Straggler Star in the Outskirts of Globular Cluster NGC 5466 with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)
Authors: Sahu Snehalata , Subramaniam Annapurni , Simunovic Mirko , Postma J. , Côté Patrick , Rao N. Kameswera , Geller Aaron M. , Leigh Nathan , Shara Michael , Puzia Thomas H. , Stetson Peter B.
Published: April 2019

We report the discovery of a hot white dwarf (WD) companion to a blue straggler star (BSS) in the globular cluster (GC) NGC 5466, based on observations from the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat. The Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the Far-UV detected BSS NH 84 was constructed by combining the flux measurements from four filters of UVIT, with GALEX, GAIA, and other ground-based observations. The SED of NH 84 reveals the presence of a hot companion to the BSS. The temperature and radius of the BSS (T

K, R/R

) derived from Gemini spectra and SED fitting using Kurucz atmospheric models are consistent with each other. The temperature and radius of the hotter companion of NH 84 (T

K, R/R

) derived by fitting Koester WD models to the SED suggest that it is likely to be a hot WD. The radial velocity derived from the spectra along with the proper motion from GAIA DR2 confirms NH 84 to be a kinematic member of the cluster. This is the second detection of a BSS-WD candidate in a GC, and the first in the outskirts of a low-density GC. The location of this BSS in NGC 5466 along with its dynamical age supports the mass-transfer pathway for BSS formation in low-density environments.
Unbiased Cosmological Parameter Estimation from Emission-line Surveys with Interlopers
Authors: Grasshorn Gebhardt Henry S. , Jeong Donghui , Awan Humna , Bridge Joanna S. , Ciardullo Robin , Farrow Daniel , Gebhardt Karl , Hill Gary J. , Komatsu Eiichiro , Molina Mallory , Paulino-Afonso Ana , Saito Shun , Schneider Donald P. , Zeimann Greg
Published: April 2019

The galaxy catalogs generated from low-resolution emission-line surveys often contain both foreground and background interlopers due to line misidentification, which can bias the cosmological parameter estimation. In this paper, we present a method for correcting the interloper bias by using the joint analysis of auto- and cross-power spectra of the main and the interloper samples. In particular, we can measure the interloper fractions from the cross-correlation between the interlopers and survey galaxies, because the true cross-correlation must be negligibly small. The estimated interloper fractions, in turn, remove the interloper bias in the cosmological parameter estimation. For example, in the Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment low-redshift (z < 0.5) [O ii] λ3727Å emitters contaminate high-redshift (1.9 < z < 3.5) Lyα line emitters. We demonstrate that the joint-analysis method yields a high signal-to-noise ratio measurement of the interloper fractions while only marginally increasing the uncertainties in the cosmological parameters relative to the case without interlopers. We also show that the same is true for the high-latitude spectroscopic survey of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope mission where contamination occurs between the Balmer-α line emitters at lower redshifts (1.1 < z < 1.9) and oxygen ([O iii] λ5007Å) line emitters at higher redshifts (1.7 < z < 2.8).
Constraining the Tail End of Reionization Using Lyα Transmission Spikes
Authors: Garaldi Enrico , Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Madau Piero
Published: April 2019

We investigate Lyα transmission spikes at z > 5 in synthetic quasar spectra and discuss their connection to the properties of the intergalactic medium and their ability to constrain reionization models. We use state-of-the-art radiation-hydrodynamic simulations from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers series to predict the number of transmission spikes as a function of redshift, both in the ideal case of infinite spectral resolution and in a realistic observational setting. Transmission spikes are produced in highly ionized underdense regions located in the vicinity of UV sources. We find that most of the predicted spikes are unresolved by current observations and show that our mock spectra are consistent with observations of the quasar ULAS J1120+0641 in about 15% of the realizations. The spike height correlates with both the gas density and the ionized fraction, but the former link is erased when synthetic spectra are smoothed to realistically achievable spectral resolutions. There exists a linear relationship between spike width and the extent of the associated underdense region, with a slope that is redshift dependent. In agreement with observations, the spike transmitted flux is suppressed at small distance from bright galaxies as these reside in overdense regions. We argue that this anticorrelation can be used to constrain large-scale density modes.
Noncircular Motions in the Outer Perseus Spiral Arm
Authors: Sakai Nobuyuki , Reid Mark J. , Menten Karl M. , Brunthaler Andreas , Dame Thomas M.
Published: April 2019

We report measurements of parallax and proper motion for five 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources in the outer regions of the Perseus arm as part of the BeSSeL Survey of the Galaxy. By combining our results with previous astrometric results, we determine an average spiral arm pitch angle of 9.°2 ± 1.°5 and an arm width of 0.39 kpc for this spiral arm. For sources on the interior side of the Perseus arm, we find on average a radial inward motion in the Galaxy of 13.3 ± 5.4 km s−1 and counter to Galactic rotation of 6.2 ± 3.2 km s−1. These characteristics are consistent with models for spiral arm formation that involve gas entering an arm to be shocked and then to form stars. However, similar data for other spiral arms do not show similar characteristics.
Hydrodynamical Models of Protoplanetary Nebulae Including the Photoionization of the Central Star
Authors: Estrella-Trujillo D. , Hernández-Martínez L. , Velázquez P. F. , Esquivel A. , Raga A. C.
Published: April 2019

We have carried out 3D hydrodynamic simulations of a precessing jet/counterjet ejection. We have included the photoionization from the central source, considering three different ionizing photon rates (

, 1046, and 1047 phots s−1), in order to determine its effect on the morphology and kinematics of the protoplanetary nebula. We have considered a time-dependent ejection density that generates dense knot structures in the jet, which are then partially photoionized by the ionizing photon field from the central source. We also explore the role of the medium in which the jet is propagated, under these conditions. The photoionization results in a larger Hα emission of the knots, and in an acceleration of the knots as a result of the so-called “rocket effect.” We find that for larger values of the ionizing photon rate, a clear outwards acceleration of the knots is produced. These models are appropriate for explaining protoplanetary nebulae in which such outwards accelerations are observed.
On Neutron Star Mergers as the Source of r-process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Milky Way
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Sarmento Richard , Scannapieco Evan
Published: April 2019

We model the history of Galactic r-process enrichment using high-redshift, high-resolution zoom cosmological simulations of a Milky Way–type halo. We assume that all r-process sources are neutron star mergers (NSMs) with a power-law delay time distribution. We model the time to mix pollutants at subgrid scales, which allows us to better compute the properties of metal-poor (MP) and carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, along with statistics of their r-process-enhanced subclasses. Our simulations underpredict the cumulative ratios of r-process-enhanced MP and CEMP stars (MP-r, CEMP-r) over MP and CEMP stars by about one order of magnitude, even when the minimum coalescence time of the double neutron stars (DNSs), t
min, is set to 1 Myr. No r-process-enhanced stars form if t
min = 100 Myr. Our results show that even when we adopt the r-process yield estimates observed in GW170817, NSMs by themselves can only explain the observed frequency of r-process-enhanced stars if the birth rate of DNSs per unit mass of stars is boosted to

.
Time Evolution of Broadband Nonthermal Emission from Supernova Remnants in Different Circumstellar Environments
Authors: Yasuda Haruo , Lee Shiu-Hang
Published: April 2019

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to be one of the major acceleration sites of galactic cosmic rays and an important class of objects for high-energy astrophysics. SNRs produce multiwavelength, nonthermal emission via accelerated particles at collisionless shocks generated by the interactions between the SN ejecta and the circumstellar medium (CSM). Although it is expected that the rich diversities observed in supernovae (SNe) and their CSM can result in distinct very high energy (VHE) electromagnetic signals in the SNR phase, there are only a handful of SNRs observed in both GeV and TeV γ-rays so far. A systematic understanding of particle acceleration at SNRs in different ambient environments is therefore limited. Here we explore nonthermal emission from SNRs in various circumstellar environments up to 5000 yr from explosion using hydrodynamical simulations coupled with efficient particle acceleration. We find that time evolution of emission characteristics in the VHE regime is mainly dictated by two factors: the number density of the target particles and the amplified magnetic field in the shocked medium. We also predict that the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will have sufficient sensitivity to detect VHE γ-rays from most young SNRs at distances ≲5.0 kpc. Future SNR observations with CTA will thus be promising for probing the CSM environment of SNe and hence their progenitor properties, including the mass-loss history of massive stars.
A Survey of C2H, HCN, and C18O in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Bergner Jennifer B. , Öberg Karin I. , Bergin Edwin A. , Loomis Ryan A. , Pegues Jamila , Qi Chunhua
Published: April 2019

Molecular lines observed toward protoplanetary disks carry information about physical and chemical processes associated with planet formation. We present ALMA Band 6 observations of C2H, HCN, and C18O in a sample of 14 disks spanning a range of ages, stellar luminosities, and stellar masses. Using C2H and HCN hyperfine structure fitting and HCN/H13CN isotopologue analysis, we extract optical depth, excitation temperature, and column density radial profiles for a subset of disks. C2H is marginally optically thick (τ ∼ 1–5) and HCN is quite optically thick (τ ∼ 5–10) in the inner 200 au. The extracted temperatures of both molecules are low (10–30 K), indicative of either subthermal emission from the warm disk atmosphere or substantial beam dilution due to chemical substructure. We explore the origins of C2H morphological diversity in our sample using a series of toy disk models and find that disk-dependent overlap between regions with high UV fluxes and high atomic carbon abundances can explain a wide range of C2H emission features (e.g., compact versus extended and ringed versus ringless emission). We explore the chemical relationship between C2H, HCN, and C18O and find a positive correlation between C2H and HCN fluxes but no relationship between C2H or HCN with C18O fluxes. We also see no evidence that C2H and HCN are enhanced with disk age. C2H and HCN seem to share a common driver; however, more work remains to elucidate the chemical relationship between these molecules and the underlying evolution of C, N, and O chemistries in disks.
Benthic studies in LTER sites: the use of taxonomy surrogates in the detection of long-term changes in lagoonal benthic assemblages
Authors: Pitacco Valentina , Mistri Michele , Infantini Vanessa , Sfriso Adriano , Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Munari Cristina
Published: April 2019

In benthic studies, the identification of organisms at the species level is known to be the best source for ecological and biological information even if time-consuming and expensive. However, taxonomic sufficiency (TS) has been proposed as a short-cut method for quantifying changes in biological assemblages in environmental monitoring. In this paper, we set out to determine whether and how the taxonomic complexity of a benthic assemblage influences the results of TS at two different long-term ecological research (LTER) sites in the Po delta region (north-eastern Italy). Specifically, we investigated whether TS can be used to detect natural and human-driven patterns of variation in benthic assemblages from lagoonal soft bottoms. The first benthic dataset was collected from 1996 to 2015 in a “choked” lagoon, the Valli di Comacchio, a lagoon characterised by long water residence times and heavy eutrophication, while the second was collected from 2004 to 2010 in a “leaky” lagoon, the Sacca di Goro, a coastal area with human pressure limited to aquaculture. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess differences in the taxonomic structure of benthic assemblages and to test TS on the two different datasets. TS seemed to work from species to family level at both sites, despite a higher natural variability of environmental conditions combined with multiple anthropogenic stressors. Therefore, TS at the family level may represent effective taxonomic surrogates across a range of environmental contexts in lagoon environments. Since the structure of the community and the magnitude of changes could influence the efficiency of taxonomic surrogates and data transformations in long-term monitoring, we also suggest periodic analyses at finer taxonomic levels in order to check the efficiency of the application of taxonomic substitutes in routine monitoring programmes in lagoon systems.
Typification of eight current and seven related names and a new section in the genus Bromus (Bromeae, Pooideae, Poaceae)
Authors: Llamas Félix , Acedo Carmen
Published: April 2019

During our nomenclatural revision of the genus Bromus L. (Poaceae) for Flora Iberica, we found that several names were still untypified: nine names in current use or their basionyms and five synonyms. Typifications are still needed since stabilising the names will facilitate their use. We propose lectotypes for Bromusalopecuros Poir., B.contortus Desf. (and the superfluous B.alopecuroides Poir.), B.benekenii (Lange) Trimen, B.intermediusGuss.subsp.divaricatus Bonnier & Layens, B.molliformis J.Lloyd ex Billot, B.lepidus Holmb., B.lepidus f. lasiolepis Holmb., Bromussubg.Stenobromus (Griseb.) Hack. and Bromussect.Stenobromus Griseb. Neotypes for B.erectus Huds. and B.ramosus Huds. and an epitype for B.intermediussubsp.divaricatus Bonnier & Layens are proposed. In addition, we identify an isoneotype for B.erectus and isolectotypes for B.lepidus and B.lepidusf.lasiolepis. The area inhabited by the typified taxa includes both Africa and Europe. All the selected types are in agreement with the current use of the names and, thus, our selections contribute to stabilising the nomenclature of the genus Bromus. A discussion is provided to justify the selections. In addition, we typified two supraspecific names B.subg.Stenobromus and B.sect.Stenobromus. Finally, a new section, B.sect.Penicillius Llamas & Acedo, is described.
Père dans les nouvelles configurations familiales
Authors: Capdevielle Anne
Published: April 2019

Le discours sociétal actuel induit une perméabilité des places des pères et des mères, ces dernières demandant à être soutenues au quotidien dans les soins apportés aux enfants. Des pères peuvent se trouver dans une place d’étayage de leur compagne plutôt que d’assumer une fonction paternelle, de permettre ainsi l’introduction de quelques autres à sa suite. Des pères, par crainte de leur position virile interprétable en termes de machisme, par annulation de la rivalité avec leur propre père à la venue de leur enfant, peuvent se trouver en place de seconde mère. Les avancées de la science permettent des procréations en l’absence d’une relation d’amour entre deux sujets de sexe différents. Comment inscrire des places dissymétriques et complémentaires pour ces parents de familles mono ou hétérosexuelles ?
Le « Fil rouge ». Outil de recueil et de transmission d’informations pour des jeunes bénéficiant d’une mesure d’aide ou de protection
Authors: Lambert Marie-France , Staquet Pascale
Published: April 2019

Cet article présente le Fil rouge, un outil élaboré au sein d’une plate-forme d’intervenants de la région bruxelloise, et destiné à recueillir et transmettre les informations relatives aux enfants placés. Il est constitué de plusieurs sections : une ligne de vie, un génogramme, un répertoire, une anamnèse et un résumé du travail des intervenants successifs. Il sauvegarde les informations et les événements concernant l’enfant ainsi que ses relations avec sa famille. Trois vignettes illustrent l’utilité du Fil rouge pour les bénéficiaires qui y contribuent et pour les professionnels qui se le transmettent. L’enfant, l’adolescent ou l’adulte ont la possibilité d’y retrouver des éléments nécessaires pour pouvoir comprendre leur histoire et les interventions qui les concernent.
When “Little Is Known” Is Not Entirely True
Authors: Spurlock Darrell
Published: April 2019

Research in nursing education often involves addressing problems and topics of interest to scholars from numerous fields outside of nursing—and to nurse educators from around the globe. Although it is sometimes true that little is known about a given topic of interest to nursing education researchers, often more is known about the topic if researchers consider evidence with extradisciplinary and international origins. In this Methodology Corner article, a framework for evaluating the applicability and transferability of study findings is presented alongside examples of how the framework can be operationalized to expand the evidence base from which nursing education researchers can draw when designing studies of their own.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(5):257–259.]
Using an Intraprofessional Global Immersion to Foster Role Formation in Nursing Students
Authors: Ferrillo Heather , Watson Sherylyn M.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Nursing programs are instrumental in developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for nursing practice. Opportunities are lacking for role formation for successful transition into practice.

Method:

An intraprofessional global clinical immersion program was utilized as the setting for students to develop their role identity. Students from each level of nursing traveled to Jamaica to participate in a clinical immersion experience. Students participated in structured collaboration among students in different programs and acted as the instrument other students utilized to develop their role. Students had the opportunity to work with each other every day, and they provided authentic feedback for each other on their role-formation process.

Results:

Program evaluation revealed that the immersion helped students gain confidence in their roles as they transition into practice.

Conclusion:

Results of this evaluation support the sustainability of the structured global immersion experiences for professional role formation.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(5):294–297.]
Differential Classification Method in Different Teaching Models of Accounting Courses Based on Naive Bayesian Classification Algorithm
Authors: Ou Xiuying
Published: April 2019

Accounting is an important management discipline with strong theoretical foundation and practical operation. Due to the differences between individuals in the process of learning, the mastery of the subject is different. This requires teachers to implement differential teaching from the differences in student personality in the process of teaching. However, when teachers use the concept of difference teaching to teach, the classification of students' differences is mostly calculated by manual quantification such as records, tests, surveys, etc. This kind of measurement and qualitative method not only wastes manpower, but also has personal subjectivity, blindly relies on individual subjective judgment to judge students' advantages and interests, and has accuracy and scientificity. This requires research on students' differential classification methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a student classification method based on naive Bayesian algorithm. It constructs a classifier based on historical data, and then uses a well-structured and stable classifier to classify the actual pre-classification objects, and actually applies it to the teaching of accounting courses, realizing the difference in the teaching process. Provide data support for future differential teaching research. The results show that the naive Bayesian classification algorithm can be used to analyze the difference in personality and learning of students. Presupposition and generative teaching objectivesand students improve their self-awareness to better promote self-development.
Analysis the Efficient Energy Prediction for 5G Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Alrikabi Haider TH. , Alaidi Abdul Hadi M. , Abdalrada Ahmad Shaker , Abed Faisal Theyab
Published: April 2019

With the growth of technological devices, gadgets and utility products in routine life, there is need to escalate the energy optimization with higher degree of accuracy and performance. Earlier the 4G networks were used are quite prominent and the wireless scientists are working ahead towards the direction of 5G. In 5G based next-generation networks there are the projected features to transmit the huge amount of data and signals to the different locations whether to short or distant locations. The energy optimization, preservation and harvesting are key perspectives of research in advance gadgets in which the key focus is to minimize the energy loss and escalate the overall life period time of the network environment. These gadgets include assorted sensor nodes which communicate to each other using clustering and sharing of signals with the overall collaboration on the specific domain. In this manuscript, the mechanisms and methodologies for the energy parameter in the 5G networks are presented so that the greater accuracy and throughput can be obtained. In addition, a comparison has been established among the old classical network generations and the new 5G networks. The comparison is done predictably in terms of data rate, Latency, Mobility, Energy, and Efficiency of Spectrum. These specifications of the various network generations have been compared in order understand and highlight the benefits and advantages of the new coming generation (5G) over the features of the traditional network generations. Moreover, this paper is intended to show the challenges and related issues might be faced to achieve the implementation of the features and specifications of the new generation technology (5G). As a result, the new ( 5G ) will be more efficient and effective in terms of high data transfer rate, low latency, Mobility, and Energy. This is very important because it draws a road map for many exciting technologies and infrastructures including Internet of Things (IOT) , remote control of industrial machinery and robotics, and much faster download speed. Thus, 5G will support carrying huge amount of data faster which will help to support smarter and reliable technology infrastructures and environment.

Keywords: 5G, wireless communications, New Radio, Mechanisms Prediction of energy, River Formation Dynamics (RFD), Nature Inspired Approach (NIA), Chanal State Information (CSI).
Survey on Sound and Video Analysis Methods for Monitoring Face-to-Face Module Delivery
Authors: Papadakis Andreas , Tsalera Eleni , Samarakou Maria
Published: April 2019

The objective of this work is to identify unobtrusive methodologies that allow the monitoring and understanding of the educational environment, during face to face activities, through capturing and processing of sound and video signals. It is a survey on application and techniques that exploit these two signals (sound and video) retrieved in classrooms, offices and other spaces. We categorize such applications based upon the high level characteristics extracted from the analysis of the low level features of the sound and video signals. Through the overview of these technologies, we attempt to achieve a degree of understanding the human behavior in a smart classroom, on behalf of the students and the teacher. Additionally, we illustrate open-research points for further investigation.