bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of natural fractures using resistive image logs, fractal dimension and support vector machines
Authors: Leal Jorge Alberto , Ochoa Luis Hernán , García Jerson Andres
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to apply a new approach to identify natural fractures in wells in a hydrocarbon reservoir using resistive image logs, fractal dimension and support vector machines (SVMs). The stratigraphic sequence investigated by each well is composed of Cretaceous calcareous rocks from the Catatumbo Basin, Colombia. The box counting method was applied to image logs in order to generate a curve representing variations of fractal dimension in these images throughout each well. The arithmetic mean of fractal dimension showed values ranging from 1,70 to 1,72 at the mineralized fracture intervals, and from 1,72 to 1,76 at the open fracture intervals. Morphological classification between open and mineralized natural fractures is performed using corelogs integration in a pilot well. Fractal dimension of images along with gamma rays and resistivity logs were employed as the input dataset of a SVM model identifying intervals with natural open fractures automatically, shortly after logs acquisition and previous to its interpretation by specialists. Although final results were affected by borehole conditions and logs quality, the SVM model showedaccuracy between 72,3% and 82,2% in 5 wells evaluated in the studied field.
Agrostis lenis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae): rediscovery of a rare and presumably extinct species in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Sampaio , Filgueiras Tarciso De Sousa
Published: December 2016

The grass Agrostis lenis Roseng., Arrill. & Izag., a presumably extinct species in São Paulo state, was recollected in that state after a gap of 89 years. This species is considered rare and threatened in São Paulo. Notes on its distribution in Southeastern Brazil, images and a short description are given.
Fish, Passa Cinco stream, Corumbataí River basin, state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Carmassi Alberto Luciano , Rondineli Giulianna Rodrigues , Braga Francisco Manoel de Souza
Published: December 2016

The fishes of the present study were collected in Passa Cinco stream, a main river of Corumbataí River basin, Tietê drainage. Five sites were selected in that stream, downstream from headwater to its mouth, and six samplings were performed using the following fishery equipment: a sieve, electric fishery equipment, gill nets and fish-traps. 5082 individuals, 62 species, 18 families and 6 orders were captured. The orders Characiformes and Siluriformes were the most representative and the families Characidae and Loricariidae presented the largest in number of species.
Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Hyophryne histrio: distribution extension
Authors: Targino Mariane , Wild Erik
Published: December 2016

None
Fish, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae, Rio Paranaíba drainage, Central Brazil, Porotergus ellisi: distribution extension
Authors: Vono Volney , Triques Mauro Luís , Pessali Tiago Casarim
Published: December 2016

None
Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus chaquensis: distribution extension and geographic distribution map
Authors: Calderon Leonardo De Azevedo , Delaix-Zaqueo Kaynara , Zaqueo Kayena Delaix , Serrano Rodrigo Perea , Messias Mariluce Rezende , Cardozo-Filho José De Lima , Diniz-Sousa Rafaela , Holanda Rafael De Jesus , Rego Tiago Bispo , Stabeli Rodrigo Guerino
Published: December 2016

None
Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus fragilis: distribution extension, Colombia
Authors: Mendez-Narvaez Javier , Ospina-Sarria Jhon Jairo , Bolivar-G. Wilmar
Published: December 2016

None
Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae, Dichroplini: Dichroplus intermedius Ronderos 1976: new occurrence in Argentina, Distrito de los Campos, Misiones
Authors: Castillo Elio Rodrigo Daniel , Marti Dardo Andrea
Published: December 2016

None
Amphibia, Anura, Pipidae, Pipa pipa: distribution extension, new state record and geographic distribution map
Authors: Vaz-Silva Wilian , Andrade Tiago Almeida de
Published: December 2016

None
Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae, Micrurus serranus: distribution extension
Authors: Muñoz-Saravia Arturo , Rivas-Torrico Luis Rolando , Gonzales Lucindo , Quispe Julio
Published: December 2016

None
Frequency response of a beam-like structure to moving harmonic forces
Authors: Khiem Nguyen Tien , Hang Phi Thi
Published: December 2016

The spectral approach is employed for spectral analysis of a beam subjected to an arbitrary force traveling along the beam with constant speed. First, an expression for exact frequency response of a beam subjected to moving arbitrary force and general boundary conditions has been constructed. The obtained frequency domain response allows straightforwardly exhibiting response vibration components governed by different frequencies such as the natural, loading and driving ones and their interaction. This provides also alternative insight to the cancellation of response at natural frequency. The theoretical development is illustrated and validated by numerical examination on a simply supported beam under moving harmonic forces.
Biofunctionalisation of magnesium alloys by successive immobilisation of poly(ethylene glycol), fibronectin and heparin
Authors: Pan Chang-Jiang , Hou Yu , Wang Ya-Nan , Liu Tao , Gong Tao , Lin Yue-Bin , Wang Ling-Ren , Ye Wei
Published: December 2016

In the present study, with the aim of improving their corrosion resistance, anticoagulation and cytocompatibility with endothelial cells, a magnesium alloy (AZ31B) was modified by the alkali heat treatment followed by the immobilisation of the dopamine layer. Subsequently, molecules of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and fibronectin or fibronectin–heparin complexes were successively immobilised on the dopamine-modified surface. After the surface modification, the hydrophilicity of magnesium alloy was obviously improved. The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy was improved through alkali heat treatment, and the immobilisation of dopamine and PEG can further reduce the corrosion rate. However, the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy was slightly reduced by the grafting of fibronectin or fibronectin–heparin complex. Furthermore, the modified samples showed improved hemocompatibility and good cytocompatibility with the endothelial cells on the fibronectin or fibronectin–heparin-modified surfaces. Therefore, the corrosion resistance, anticoagulation and cytocompatibility of the magnesium alloy can be enhanced by alkali heat treatment and subsequent immobilisation of biomolecules. The method of this study can be used for surface modification of magnesium alloys to impart these with better corrosion resistance, blood compatibility and cytocompatibility with endothelial cells simultaneously.
Applying a new concept for strategic performance indicators
Authors: Carhart Neil J. , Bouch Chris , Walsh Claire L. , Dolan Tom
Published: December 2016

Performance measurement provides critical information for strategic decision-making about the future of national infrastructure provision. The process of developing appropriate performance indicators must be based on an understanding of the high-level desired outcomes that infrastructure systems are intended to facilitate. These outcomes may be complex and dynamic and vary across the spectrum of infrastructure stakeholders. This paper demonstrates a conceptual process for developing outcome-related performance indicators by using case studies from the UK rail and water sectors. The case studies show that the process can provide an industry-specific picture of desired outcomes across the main stakeholders, together with their dimensions and associated performance indicators (so-called partial indicators). The work highlights potential shortfalls of a sector-by-sector approach to outcome-oriented strategic performance indicators and suggests that further work is required to integrate partial indicators to provide a holistic picture that recognises the contributions often made by a variety of infrastructures to a given high-level desired outcome.
Incidência de Candida spp. na mucosa oral de pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) no município de Santo Ângelo -RS
Authors: Hartmann Andreia , Missio Raquel , Hammad Marieli Peruzzi , Alves Izabel Almeida
Published: December 2016

Justificativa: Atualmente há um aumento das infecções fúngicas, especialmente em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Dentre os fungos causadores de infecções invasivas destacam-se as leveduras do gênero Candida, considerada marcador de progressão do HIV. A terapêutica antifúngica e diagnóstico são importantes para o tratamento de candidíase oral, devido à resistência atribuída a algumas espécies. Assim, destaca-se a importância de determinar a incidência de candidíase oral em pacientes portadores do vírus do HIV. Objetivo: Pesquisar a incidência de Candida spp em pacientes HIV positivos, as espécies, os fatores de virulência e a sensibilidade ao fluconazol. Metodologia: pesquisou-se a colonização da mucosa oral de pacientes HIV positivos com o auxílio de swab estéril e o cultivo em ágar Sabouraud Dextrose. Estudou-se a atividade de proteinase e fosfolipase. O teste de suscetibilidade foi realizado pelo método de disco difusão. Preencheu-se uma ficha com dados sócio-econômicos, clínicos e informações quanto as medicações e sintomatologias dos pacientes. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 45 pessoas. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 38 anos (±13,63). A taxa de colonização oral por Candida em pacientes HIV foi de 53,3%, destes, 95,83% pertencentes à espécie albicans. Os isolados apresentaram atividade positiva e fortemente positiva para fosfolipase e proteinase. No teste de suscetibilidade 25% dos isolados mostraram-se resistentes ao fluconazol. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce da candidíase em pacientes infectados pelo HIV é fundamental tanto para o tratamento imediato, quanto para melhorar a sua qualidade de vida, uma vez que a candidíase é uma lesão bucal muito frequente nesta população.
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF MALE CONDOM UTILIZATION IN ONDO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Alele Faith Osaretin
Published: December 2016

IntroductionMale condom use has been advocated to prevent unwanted pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). Predictors of condom use will help in understanding groups requiring more interventions. This study aims at determining the prevalence and predictors of male condom utilization in Ondo State.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of the Nigeria National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 data set. Ondo state data was extracted. The study area was Ondo State, Nigeria. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study and it focused on men between ages 15-49 years. Descriptive statistics were done. Data was analysed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. Level of statistical significance was p<0.05. ResultsThe mean age of the 404 respondents was 29 ± 10 years, 215 (53.2%) were never in a marital union, 258 (63.8%) had secondary level of education. Out of 318 (78.7%) respondents who have ever had sex 91(28.7%) used condom at last sex. In age 15-24 categories 37(59.7%) used condoms while only 54(24.7%) used among respondents above 25 years, p<0.001. Among those who were never in any marital union 58(60.4%) used condom compared to 13(22.8%) of those who were living with partners, p<0.001. Men who were not in union had about 4 times odds of using condoms (OR 3.6, 95% Cl: 1.5-8.7, p=0.004).ConclusionTo reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and transmission of STI emphasis needs to be put on the use of condom. Effort at promoting condom use should be encouraged among men in marital union especially those having extramarital sex.
Reciprocal Best Hit BLAST v1
Authors: Schmelling Nicolas
Published: December 2016

This protocol describes the basic steps for a reciprocal best hit BLAST. It will show you how todownload sequences from NCBI, creating BLAST databases, and how to blast.
Primer design for assembly-based cloning v1
Authors: Behle Anna
Published: December 2016

This protocol summarizes the process of primer design for assembly-based cloning methods, such as Gibson or AQUA-cloning. Well-designed primers are necessary for efficient cloning of any kind. This protocol can also be used to design primers for overlap extension PCR of linear fragments. Alternatively, overhangs can also include restriction sites for restriction/ligation based cloning.
Nagyapám, dr. Polgár Sándor
Authors: Menzl Anna
Published: December 2016

Nagyapám, dr. Polgár Sándor egy zsidó család második gyermekeként született. Családja, mint felesége, Csillag Margit családja generációk óta Győr megyében éltek. Tanulmányait a Győri Bencés Gimnáziumban folytatta, majd a Budapesti Tudományegyetemen szerzett tanári diplomát. Később vízi növényekkel kapcsolatos kutatásai révén doktori fokozatot is szerzett. A tudomány és az oktatás mellett foglalkoztatta a filozófia és a zene is. Folyékonyan beszélt németül és franciául. Tanítványai sorából nemzetközileg elismert tudósok kerültek ki. Polgár Sándort feleségével és a család más tagjaival együtt Auschwitz-ban ölték meg.
Russiske energiressurser i Arktis: økonomi og politikk
Authors: Larssen Ann Karin
Published: December 2016

Abstract: Russian Energy Resources in the Arctic: Economy and Policy
This article examines the economic and political importance of Russia’s energy resources. Economic dependence is confirmed, but political decisions made since the turn of this century have made Russia less vulnerable to outside economic and political pressures. Due to the sharp fall in oil prices, and recent international sanctions, the authorities will give priority to enhanced oil recovery from older fields in Western Siberia and the opening of new fields in the area, with Russia remaining onshore in the Arctic. Finally, as to military and economic relations between Russia and Norway in the Arctic, the article finds that military tensions are increasing, while pragmatism prevails in economic relations.
(Published: December 2016)
Citation: Ann Karin Larssen (2016) «Russiske energiressurser i Arktis: økonomi og politikk». Nordisk Østforum 30 [4] 238–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.521
Análise Filosófica sobre o Princípio da Dignidade Humana como uma Nova Teoria de Justiça
Authors: Fermentão Cleide Aparecida Gomes Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

A análise da Justiça como valor essencial e a dignidade humana como uma nova teoria de justiça, é o que propõe o presente artigo. Para isso far-se-á uma pesquisa filosófica sobre as teorias da justiça defendidas por John Rawls, e por Serge-Christophe Kolm, e a análise da justiça como igualdade e liberdade. O vínculo essencial para a vida com liberdade e dignidade humana, se desenvolve entre o direito e os fatos sociais, sob a influência da vida social, que de forma dinâmica acrescenta a cada dia novos valores, e a pessoa humana é protegida pelo Princípio da dignidade humana em seus direitos personalíssimos, que lhe garante justiça. Dentre todos os valores que fincam a pessoa humana à vida, a justiça, a dignidade, e a liberdade se apresentam como necessários para nortear os pensamentos e proporcionar condições para que o homem se conheça, se estruture e tenha como tutela os seus valores interiores, e o direito como essencialidade. O princípio da dignidade humana, diante da crise dos valores morais, sociais e éticos. tem sido a garantia de justiça
Responsabilidade Civil pela Perda da Chance: Revisitando os Principais Aspectos Elencados pela Doutrina Nacional e Estrangeira
Authors: Limberger Têmis , Bunchaft Maria Eugenia , Finger Brunize
Published: December 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo é definir o conceito de chance, sua natureza jurídica e os requisitos que ensejam a responsabilidade civil de quem a suprimiu. Para tanto, foi revisada a literatura nacional e estrangeira sobre a teoria da perda da chance, bem como algumas jurisprudências. Por meio dessa análise, foi possível verificar as primeiras manifestações que envolveram essa teoria, a discussão em torno dela e o seu desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo até os dias de hoje. Utilizaram-se os métodos de procedimento indutivo e comparativo. A técnica de pesquisa aplicada foi bibliográfico-documental. Conclui-se que, apesar de haver pontos controvertidos, como, por exemplo, o conceito de chance séria e real, verificou-se o consenso entre os autores pesquisados de que a perda da chance é definida como um dano autônomo em relação ao dano final, bem como a sua aceitação pelo ordenamento jurídico pátrio e consequente utilização – ainda que baixa.
Social Accounting : In the Wake of the Sustainability
Authors: Demény Anita , Musinszki Zoltán
Published: December 2016

Not only the strenghthening of global competition and the acceleration of technological evolution, but also the socialand governmental claims for sustainability draw up new challanges and expectations against the decision support andaccounting, too. Whether would the decision support and accounting be able to perform these challanges andexpectations nowadays? The aim of the authors is to present some segments of these changes to the reader by this study.
Our experience with progressive perineal urethroplasty and anastomotic urethroplasty in post-traumatic urethral strictures in pediatric patients
Authors: Savalia Abhishek Jaysukh , Pawar Prakash W. , Sawant Ajit S. , Tamhankar Ashwin , Patil Sunil R. , Kasat Gaurav
Published: December 2016

Background: Confined perineum and elevated prostate and bladder in children make management of post-traumatic stricture in children technically difficult.Methods: A retrospective study of patients from 2007 till September 2016 was conducted. 15 pediatric patients with a mean age of 7.3 years presented with post traumatic urethral stricture or distraction defect. 11 patients had pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD) and underwent PPU. Four had bulbar stricture caused by straddle injury and underwent EEU. Post operatively patients were evaluated using uroflowmetry at 3, 6 and 12 months. Maximum velocity of less than 10 ml/s and symptoms of straining was considered as recurrence and such cases were evaluated further with MCU, RGU and cystoscopy.Results: Mean stricture length was of 2.3 cm and was at bulbo-membranous junction in 11 and in proximal bulbar urethra in 4. Of the 11 PPUs, crural separation was done in nine and inferior pubectomy in six patients. Transpubic approach was required in one patient. Gracilis flap was placed in one patient as an onlay over anastomotic urethroplasty. Of the 11 PPUs, 2 patients and 1 of 4 EEU patients had recurrence.  All recurrent strictures were <1.5 cm long and at the site of the anastomosis. Two patients were managed with anastomotic urethroplasty. The remaining one patient could be managed with laser visual internal urethrotomy.Conclusions: PPU and EEU are treatment of choice in paediatric patients with PFUDD and proximal bulbar strictures respectively. Both are technically feasible, have good outcome and have an acceptable morbidity.
Generating Evidence Through Practice-based Equine Health Surveillance
Authors: Allen Sarah , Brodbelt Dave , Slater Josh , Verheyen Kristien
Published: December 2016

Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence, when making decisions about the individual patient. Despite being shown to improve patient outcomes, the application of EBVM in equine practice remains seriously hampered by the lack of reliable data, even for the most common conditions.

This poster won second place, which was presented at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 1-3, 2016. 

Find out more about Sarah.

 
Considerações Acerca da Efetivação dos Direitos Fundamentais pela Via do Controle de Constitucionalidade das Leis
Authors: Arruda Érica Maia Campelo , Ramos Demetrius dos Santos , Hogemann Edna Raquel R. S.
Published: December 2016

O artigo discute a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais através da atuação do Poder Judiciário em sede de controle de constitucionalidade das leis, concretizado pela interferência dos membros da Corte Constitucional nas políticas públicas de Estado. Será feito um contraponto entre a clássica Teoria de Separação de Poderes de Montesquieu e seu desenho atual, especialmente em países da América Latina em razão da semelhança na estrutura de seus textos constitucionais. Também serão discutidas as circunstâncias favoráveis à “judicialização da política” na América Latina e no Brasil, assim como argumentos de ordem político-institucional contrários à excessiva atuação do Poder Judiciário no controle das políticas públicas. Por fim serão apresentados dados sobre o sistema concentrado de controle de constitucionalidade no Brasil, realizado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), tal como hoje é desenhado. Busca-se, por meio de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, pela utilização do método dialético, aferir quais os caminhos institucionais a serem trilhados a fim de que seja possível efetivar os direitos fundamentais constitucionalmente previstos, pela necessidade de superação da atual prática judicial no exercício da jurisdição constitucional, especialmente nos países da América Latina.
The Impact of Contact Sessions and Discussion Forums on the Academic Performance of Open Distance Learning Students
Authors: Olivier Benjamin
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the impact of face-to-face contact sessions and online discussion forums on the academic performance of students at an Open Distance Learning (ODL) university (N = 1,015). t-Tests for independent samples indicated that students who attended a written assignment preparation contact session performed significantly better in the written assignment than those students who did not attend this contact session [t(813) = 4.64, p = 0.00]; students who attended an examination preparation contact session did not perform significantly better in the examination than those students who did not attend this contact session [t(892) = 1.12, p = 0.26]; while students who used an online discussion forum performed significantly better in the final examination than those students who did not use this forum [t(1,013) = 4.04, p = 0.00]. Reasons for these mixed results are subsequently discussed. The study also found that the attendance of contact sessions and the utilisation of an online discussion forum by students were extremely low, and possible reasons for this are also given. Implications for the use of contact sessions and online discussion forums to improve the academic performance of ODL students are also discussed.
Online Instructors’ Use of Scaffolding Strategies to Promote Interactions: A Scale Development Study
Authors: Cho Moon-Heum , Cho YoonJung
Published: December 2016

A great deal of research has documented that interactions among students or between students and instructors are key to student success in an online learning setting. However, very little research has been statistically and systematically conducted to examine online instructors’ conscious and effortful use of scaffolding strategies to promote interactions in online courses. The purpose of this research was to develop a scale assessing online instructors’ use of scaffolding strategies to promote interactions. We employed a scale development method for the study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed one factor structure associated with instructors’ use of scaffolding strategies to promote interactions in online settings. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted with a different group of online students indicated that the one-factor model fits the data well. In addition, significant correlations with social presence and classroom learning community scales further demonstrated convergent validity. The new scale of online instructors’ use of scaffolding strategies to promote interactions demonstrated psychometrically sound validity and reliability.
Comparaison de différentes techniques d'entretien du sol dans le vignoble Bordelais durant une longue période
Authors: Casteran P. , Leclair Philippe , Pouget Roger
Published: December 2016

Un essai destiné à comparer les effets de trois techniques d'entretien du sol (façons culturales, inculture en sol nu, engazonnement permanent) a été mis en place en 1962 sur une vigne alors âgée de dix ans. Nous en avons publié les premiers résultats après 3 années d'observation (RIVES, CASTERAN et LECLAIR, 1966). Depuis, de nombreuses mesures ont été réalisées : les différents résultats et les interprétations qui en découlent font l'objet du présent article.
Les nucléotides du vin. Séparation, concentration et analyse par chromatographie sur échangeur d'anions
Authors: Feuillat Michel , Morfaux J. N. , Genest J. P.
Published: December 2016

La fraction de l'azote « nucléique » du vin est mal connue, non seulement du point de vue de sa composition, mais encore à cause de l'ignorance actuelle de son importance oenologique. Cette étude propose une technique permettant d'isoler et de purifier la fraction nucléotidique de l'azote libre qui est ensuite analysée oar chromatographie sur échangeur d'ions.
Etude d'un nouveau procédé de déclenchement de la fermentation malolactique
Authors: Prahl C. , Lonvaud-Funel Aline , Korsgaard S. , Morrison Ellen , Joyeux Annick
Published: December 2016

A method is described, by wich the malolactic fermentation is induced through direct inoculation with an industrial preparation of L. plantarum (CHL2). When inoculated into must, this homofermentative lactobacillus metabolizes very little sugar, and is unable to produce acetic acid. The inoculated population of bacteria has a high malolactic activity even at low pH values, which is closely related to cell viability. The decarboxylation of malic acid starts immediately after inoculation and proceeds at a high rate during the first days of alcoholic fermentation. As the alcohol concentration rises, the lactobacilli are gradually eliminated, so inoculation with the malolactic culture has to be done very early in the vinification process, in order to achieve a complete malolactic fermentation. At the end of alcoholic fermentation, the malolactic fermentation is finished, and the bacterial inoculum has been completely killed of.

The efficiency of this new process is demonstrated in laboratory experiments and field trials with different types of must and different vinification procedures. The advantages of the method, which the winemakers would particularly appreciate, include the direct inoculation mode and considerable gain in terms of production time.
Recherche d'un matériel enzymatique adapté a l'hydrolyse des précurseurs d'arôme de nature glycosidique du raisin
Authors: Cordonnier Robert , Günata Ziya , Baumes Raymond L. , Bayonove Claude L.
Published: December 2016

34 préparations enzymatiques commerciales de spécifications variées ont été étudiées : 5 d'entre elles, les plus efficaces pour hydrolyser les glycosides naturels du raisin, ont été retenues pour des études complémentaires. Ces préparations donnent des proportions relatives en différents terpénols variables à partir d'un même extrait glycosidique naturel : ainsi, certaines préparations libèrent principalement du linalol, d'autres du géraniol. Elles présentent toutes des activités β-D-glucopyranosidase, α-L-rhamnopyranosidase et α-L-arabinofuranosidase : leur inhibition par le glucose et l'éthanol varient selon la préparation. C'est l'hémicellulase REG2 qui présente les activités glycosidases les plus importantes, avec une grande résistance thermique et une activité intéressante au pH des moûts et des vins. De plus, elle présente une activité α-L-arabinopyranosidase douée d'une remarquable résistance en milieu acide
Synthèse des substances acétoïniques par Euconostoc oenos. réduction du diacétyle
Authors: De Revel Gilles , Bertrand Alain , Lonvaud-Funel Aline
Published: December 2016

Après avoir mis au point un dosage du diacétyle, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, précis et fiable, la synthèse par Leuconostoc oenos des substances acétoïniques est analysée.

L'influence des conditions physico-chimiques du milieu (pH et température) sur cette synthèse est mise en évidence chez Leuconostoc oenos ainsi que la réduction du diacétyle et de l'acétoïne en butanediol-2,3.
Application de la flottation a la clarification des moûts
Authors: Wajsfelner R.
Published: December 2016

La flottation fait appel à la différence entre la masse volumique de solides ou de globules liquides et celle du liquide dans lequel ils sont en suspension. Toutefois, par opposition à la décantation, ce procédé de séparation solide-liquide ou liquide-liquide ne s'applique qu'à des particules dont la masse volumique réelle (flottation naturelle) ou apparente (flottation provoquée) est inférieure à celle du liquide qui les renferme.
Les messiles, groupe ampélographique du bassin de la Loire
Authors: Bisson Jean
Published: December 2016

La méthode des groupes écologico-géographiques de LEVADOUX ou sortotypes de NEGRUL  permet un classement ordonné des cépages.

Pour la France, le travail n 'a pas été achevé et des lacunes persistent toujours. L'une d'entre elles semble pouvoir être comblée avec le groupe des Messiles spécifiquement attaché à la moyenne et basse vallée de la Loire et comprenant principalement les Mesliers, les Chenins et le Sauvignon. Ces cépages présentent, en effet, d'évidentes parentés anatomiques, ampélométriques, génétiques voire technologiques.

Le travail s'efforce d'appliquer à nouveau une théorie qui parait n'avoir rien perdu de son intérêt.
Incidence du traitement thermique du bois de chêne sur sa composition chimique. 2e partie : évolution de certains composés en fonction de l'intensité de brûlage
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Boidron Jean-Noël , Pons Monique
Published: December 2016

Au-delà de son action de cintrage, le chauffage du bois de chêne provoque une thermodégradation de certains de ses composants. Les auteurs étudient l'influence de l'intensité de brûlage du bois de chêne sessile Quercus sessilis sur certains composés extractibles. Afin de se rapprocher des conditions d'extraction par un vin, le bois brûlé à différents degrés est placé au contact d'une solution hydroalcoolique modèle.

La thermolyse des principaux polymères pariétaux du bois, produit de nombreux composés volatils et odorants (aldéhydes furaniques, phénols volatils, aldéhydes phénols, phényl cétones). La concentration en β-méthyl-y-octalactone augmente notablement avec le chauffage du bois et simultanément les tanins hydrolysables sont en partie dégradés.

La chauffe légère ne produit que de faibles variations. La chauffe moyenne correspond au maximum de synthèse de la majorité des composés aromatiques étudiés. A partir et au-delà de la chauffe forte, les réactions de thermodégradation, mais très vraisemblablement aussi une modification de la structure de la lignine vers une forme moins réactive, entraînent une diminution de l'ensemble des composés extractibles.
Dosage de la procymidone dans les vins
Authors: Bertrand Alain , Bertsch K.
Published: December 2016

La procymidone, qui appartient à la famille chimique des dicarboximides est un fongicide largement utilisé en agriculture, et notamment en viticulture. Elle agit par contact préventivement.

Considérant que cette substance n'avait pas reçu le visa des autorités américaines, la F.D.A. a décidé, début mars 1990, de bloquer l'importation de vins ou spiritueux contenant des doses appréciables de cette substance.

Devant l'afflux massif d'échantillons pour lesquels un certificat d'analyse était requis, la Fédération des exportateurs de vins et spiritueux nous a demandé de mettre au point une méthode rapide d'analyse pouvant s'appliquer au traitement d'un grand nombre d'échantillons.
Importance of N-3-(methylthiopropyl) acetamide and 3-methylthiopropionic acid in wines
Authors: Anocibar Beloqui A. , Guedes de Pinho Paula , Bertrand Alain
Published: December 2016

The content of N-(3-methylthiopropyl) acetamide was determined in 176 wines coming from different origin, cultivar and winemaking process. In some cases it can be founded at concentrations of 2 mg/1. The cultivar seems to be determinant on the amount founded of this compound in wine. In some wines the concentration of N-(3-methylthiopropyl) acetamide can be as high as methionol. During winemaking, the time of maceration increases the concentrations of this compound. The same effect occurs when bentonite is added during fermentation of white wines.

A second compound, 3-methylthiopropionic acid, was determined in 75 white wines and 55 red wines. Its concentration varies respectively on a range of 0 to 70 µg/1 and 0 to 140 µg/1. This compound has been described in the literature as, having a butter/« rancio » taste, and is likely to contribute to the wine aroma. Its formation is related with methionol. Evolution of methionol during ageing may lead to 3- methylthiopropionic
Relation between physico-chemical characteristics of a bentonite and its adsorptive capacity
Authors: Marchal Richard , Barret J. , Maujean Alain
Published: December 2016

Bentonites are clays essentially used for musts and wines protein haze prevention. For the « Methode Champenoise », they also serve as a riddling adjuvant to facilitate yeasts elimination. Physico-chemical characteristics of various types of bentonites are studied in parallel to their adsoiption properties. Na/Ca exchangeable ratio is contained between 0.5 and 3.7. Swelling indexes measured in wine or in drinking water (r = 0.96) are not related to the Na/Ca ratio. On the other hand, a good correlation exists between the specifie adsorption surface (measured with methylene blue test), the BSA or the wines proteins adsorption capacity and the Na/Ca ratio. Otherwise, all of the three tests provide more or less identical informations. For Champagne base wine, the adsorption phenomenon follows the LANGMUIR's equation. Additionnaly, it is shown that the maximum adsorbable protein content by unit of adsorbing material increases with the Na/Ca ratio. All enologic products analysed by X-rays contain montmorillonite with variable percentage. Some products contain an important proportion ofkaolinite or illite. However, there is no correlation between mineral compositions and adsorption capacities ofthe studied bentonites.
Anthocyanin in grape skins during maturation of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot noir from different Bordeaux terroirs
Authors: Vivas de Gaulejac Nathalie , Nonier Marie-Françoise , Guerra C. , Vivas Nicolás
Published: December 2016

Three varieties of red grapes have been analysed on the basis of their anthocyanin content to search a relation between this parameter and selected terroirs. For that, we compared their anthocyanin evolution during maturation. Then we analysed by HPLC the anthocyanin content of grapes at maturity and of their corrresponding wines. So, we established a comparison between potential anthocyanins in grapes and in corresponding wines. These observations permitted to occur some characteristics to these varieties and to evaluate the impact of terroir on grape skins anthocyanin composition.
Formation and evolution of melt holes on vine-shoots during the winter in Quebec
Authors: Bertrand Carrière G. , Jolivet Yvon , Dubois Jean-Marie
Published: December 2016

Vine cultivation in Quebec is confronted with the problem of an unfavorable climate specially because of winter frost. Over the last few years, artificial snow has been used, at the experimental level, as one of the protective methods implemented during winter at the Sous les Channilles vineyard, in southern Quebec. However, towards the end of January, the increase in solar radiation intensity is instrumental in causing the fonnation of inelt holes along the vine shoots thus reducing the protective effect of the snow cover. According to varying climatic conditions, we show that there are many factors at the origin of the formation and the metamorphoses of melt holes. These melt holes can be fonned by sublimation or fusion of the snow and can sometimes present mixed fonns. Through their presence, they modify the vertical temperature gradients in the snow cover and play a primary rôle in the evolution of snow metamorphoses near the stocks. The formation of melt holes near the vine shoots can also damage the fruit buds submitted to cold temperatures prevailing on the surface. The empty space created near the stocks can permit the infiltration of cold air and, in situations of extreme cold, damages can be sustained by the fruit buds. On the other hand, our observations also show that, when melt holes are covered by snow, a constructive metamorphosis is initiated and the melt holes can fill themselves up through the evolution of internal frost. If the melt holes are not too large, the formation of frost can obstruct the surface orifice and restrict the infiltration of cold air from the exterior within the snow cover. Furthermore, the widening of melt holes early in the spring can cause the premature disappearance of the snow cover in the vine rows and, accordingly, can expose the buds to congelifraction temperatures below the cryotolerance threshold. Artificial snow is more efficient than natural snow in the sense that, since its volumetric mass is normally superior to that of natural snow, the development of melt holes is a lot slower. Accordingly, artificial snow provides more durable protection in the spring. The study of the pro¬ cesses controlling the formation and the evolution of melt holes has also shown the large variability of the snow cover according to local meteorological conditions. Finally, the understanding of the processes at the base of the formation of melt holes sheds new light on the rôle of snow in agriculture.
Electronic microscopy examination of the influence of purified enzymatic activities on grape skin cell wall
Authors: Joutei Khalid Amrani , Ouazzani Chahdi F. , Bouya D. , Saucier Cédric , Glories Yves
Published: December 2016

Pectolytic enzymes act differently on the degradation of the cell wall of grape skin and on the libération of tannins. PG and PL degrade the pectin from the middle lamella and the primary wall which favours the liberation of granulate tannins present inside the vacuole only ones. Cellulase degrade the cellulose fibbers and allows the liberation of tannins bound to the cellular wall. These last ones being bound to cellulosic molecules.
Good quality Vitis RNA obtained from an adapted DNA isolation protocol
Authors: Baiges Isabel , Mas Albert
Published: December 2016

Grapevine is a woody plant, whose high carbohydrate and phenolic compound contents usually interferes with nucleic acid isolation. After we tried several protocols for isolating RNA from the Vitis rootstock Richter- 110 (R-110) with little or no success, we adapted a method reported to be satisfactory for grapevine DNA isolation, to extract RNA. With slight protocol modifications, we succeeded to obtain polysaccharide- and phenolic-free RNA preparations from all vegetative tissues, without excessive sample handling. RNA isolated by the reported method permitted to obtain highly pure mRNA (messenger RNA) to construct a cDNA (complementary DNA) library and allowed gene transcription analysis by reverse Northern, which guarantees RNA integrity. This method may also be suitable for other plant species with high polysaccharide or phenolic contents.
Limiting factors for Vitis vinifera L., Albariño variety production in soils dedicated to the vineyard single-crop system
Authors: Marcet Purificación , Andrade Luisa , Amoedo R. , Fernândez E.
Published: December 2016

With the purpose of studying the influence of Vitis vinifera L. (Albariño variety) single-crop system on the limiting edaphic factors for the grape production four plots dedicated to this single-crop during 6, 12, and 100 years were selected. The most usual limitations for the chemical fertility are the low CECe in the youngest vineyards (<4 cmol+).kg-1 and 4-7 cmol(+).kg-1 in the rest) and the low contents of Mg in sixty per cent of the surface samples and 90 % of the subsurface ones and deficit of Ca in 90 % of the subsurface samples (0.96 cmol. kg-1). It is remarkable also the Fe deficit in ail the samples and the Cu and Zn excess in the surface layer of the oldest vineyards. It is evident the presence of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in the youngest vineyards, though in low quantifies.
Effects of defoliation and water restriction on total phenols and antioxidant activities in grapes during ripening
Authors: Garrido Inmaculada , Llerena José Luis , Valdés María Esperanza , Mancha Luis Alberto , Uriarte David , Prieto Maria Del Henar , Espinosa Francisco
Published: December 2016

Aim: To compare the effect of water restriction and defoliation on the phenol contents and oxidant and antioxidant activities of Tempranillo grapes grown in the region of Extremadura, Spain.

Methods and results: The results showed that at harvest, the water restriction treatment altered total foliar area, pH, and total soluble solid (TSS) and phenol contents but not polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. By contrast, the defoliation treatment did not affect TSS and pH, however, titratable acidity and phenol compounds were enhanced and PPO and SOD activities were decreased. Moreover, defoliation resulted in advanced grape ripening and reduced total foliar area. 

Conclusion: At harvest, water restriction led to alterations in the levels of peroxidation and peroxidase (POX) activity, without any effect on the other parameters. Defoliation induced a lowering of PPO and SOD activities and an increase in phenol content.

Significance and impact of the study: Given the environmental characteristics of the Extremadura region, defoliation may be suitable and efficient for regulating Tempranillo grape PPO activity, which is œnologically relevant since it could lead to lower levels of phenol oxidation and hence prevent wine discolouration.
Modulation of chemical and sensory characteristics of red wine from Mencía by using indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains
Authors: Blanco Pilar , Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Pereira E. , Fornos Daniel , Orriols Ignacio
Published: December 2016

Aim: To evaluate the influence of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in red wines from Vitis vinifera cv. Mencía: fermentative ability, inoculation success, and sensory and chemical characteristics of wines.

Methods and results: Indigenous yeast strains (Sc5, Sc11, Sc21 and Sc24) were inoculated in grape musts and their inoculation success was followed by mtDNA-RFLP (mitochondrial DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism) at different stages of fermentation. The results showed that the added yeast strains fermented in co-dominance with a resident strain, which also controlled the spontaneous processes. Chemical analysis of basic wine parameters using official methodologies showed significant differences among wines for alcohol degree and volatile acidity. Fermentative aroma compounds were determined by gas chromatography. Wines made with different yeast strains varied in higher alcohols, ethyl ester, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl lactate and acetoin content. Sensory analysis indicated that wine from strain Sc24 had the best overall score, whereas that from strain Sc11 achieved the highest scores for colour intensity, structure and fruity character.

Conclusions: The application of selected S. cerevisiae strains allowed us to obtain differentiated wines from both the chemical and sensory points of view.

Significance and impact of the study: The results confirmed that indigenous yeasts can be used to elaborate singular wines and may constitute a useful tool to diversify Mencía wines.
Classifying vineyards from satellite images: a case study on Burgundy’s Côte d’Or
Authors: Ducati Jorge R. , Bombassaro Magno G. , Fachel Jandyra M. G.
Published: December 2016

Aim: To use Remote Sensing imagery and techniques to differentiate categories of Burgundian vineyards.

Methods and results: A sample of 201 vine plots or “climats” from the Côte d’Or region in Burgundy was selected, consisting of three vineyard categories (28 Grand Cru, 74 Premier Cru, and 99 Communale) and two grape varieties (Pinot Noir and Chardonnay). A mask formed by the polygons of these vine plots was made and projected on four satellite images acquired by the ASTER sensor, covering the Côte d’Or region in years 2002, 2003 (winter image), 2004 and 2006. Mean reflectances were extracted from pixels within each polygon for each of the nine spectral bands (visible and infrared) covered by ASTER. The database had a total of 797 reflectance spectra assembled over the four images. Statistical discriminant analysis of percentage classification accuracy was made separately for Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune, and for each year. Results showed that for individual years and Côtes, classification accuracy for vineyard category was as high as 73.7% (Beaune 2002) and as low as 66.7% (Beaune 2003). There were no significant differences in accuracy between spring, summer and winter images. Classification accuracy for grape variety in Côte de Beaune over the four study years was between 73.5% for Pinot Noir climats in 2004 and 91.9% for Chardonnay climats in 2006, including the winter image. Concerning the vegetation index NDVI, there were no significant differences between vineyard categories.

Conclusions: Satellite data is shown to be functional to reveal vineyard quality. Spectral differences between categories of Burgundian vineyards are at least partially due to terroir characteristics, which are transmitted to vine and vine canopy.

Significance and impact of the study: This work indicates that Remote Sensing techniques can be used as an auxiliary tool for the monitoring of vineyard quality in established viticultural regions and for the study of quality potential in new regions.
An Original Application of Image Recognition Based Location in Complex Indoor Environment
Authors: Chiabrando Filiberto , Cho Youngsu , Di Pietra Vincenzo , Lingua Andrea , Jeon Juil
Published: December 2016

This paper describes the first results of an Image Recognition Based Location (IRBL) for mobile application focusing on the procedure to generate a Database of range images (RGB-D). In an indoor environment, to estimate the camera position and orientation, a prior spatial knowledge of the surrounding is needed. In order to achieve this objective a complete 3D survey of two different environment (Bangbae metro station of Seoul and E.T.R.I. building in Daejeon – Republic of Korea) was performed using LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) instrument and the obtained scans were processed in order to obtain a spatial model of the environments. From this, two databases of reference images were generated using a specific software realized by the Geomatics group of Politecnico di Torino (ScanToRGBDImage). This tool allow to generate synthetically different RGB-D images) centered in the each scan position in the environment. Later, the external parameters (X, Y, Z, ω, φ, κ) and the range information extracted from the DB images retrieved, are used as reference information for pose estimation of a set of acquired mobile pictures in the IRBL procedure. In this paper the survey operations, the approach for generating the RGB-D images and the IRB strategy are reported. Finally the analysis of the results and the validation test are described.