bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landscapes of the living dead: Reanimating the ruin through terrestrial micro-materials
Authors: Sotomayor Camila E.
Published: August 2012

This is not a ruin fetish. At present, an Internet search of ‘architecture’ and ‘decay’ will return splendidly glossed up images of a dying Detroit Motor City, abandoned asylums or moulding bunkers. Looking closely, these photographs fetishize architecture’s
ageing process, exalting the material degradation as symbolic portents of our own mortality while a ghosted humanity lurks in empty doorways and windows in place of human figures. Here is the building in ruins, the object of architecture in limbo. Except – what if the ruin was not an
end to the life of a building but with a shift in perspective suggested a potential for reanimation? Long after the building is abandoned, its materials continue to transmute in an active cycle, until all that remains is dust. It is within this active cycle that there is an opportunity to
rethink our definition of ruin and engage with decay at the cellular level as both a trace and register of an empty building.
Drawing uncertainty
Authors: Chard Nat
Published: August 2012

Architecture is made to support certain activities. This article looks at ways in which questions of the uncertain or the indeterminate might be considered in the design process. The architectural drawing is a rehearsal of the architecture it represents. The discussion here is about
how the maker and the tools search for ways of drawing to rehearse the sorts of engagement we might have with architecture that could nurture an indeterminate condition. This is studied through the invention of seven types of drawing instrument. The early versions represent an indeterminate
relationship with architecture while the later instruments nurture an indeterminate engagement through the act of drawing. Indeterminacy is a condition of uncertainty. At first the instruments concentrate on working with the sublime, an existential uncertainty. In order to understand the spatial
potential of picturing there is extended research into the natural history diorama. In parallel to lessons on projective geometry, the dioramas provide a convincing case for the power of the uncanny, an intellectual uncertainty. The lessons from these studies, embodied in Instruments Two and
Three, achieved what had been set out in the initial question but also provided new questions, especially about the experience of making the drawing. The later instruments project paint rather than light and provide an engagement with the person who is drawing that is analogous to the condition
that is being drawn. The process of drawing becomes a rehearsal for inhabiting the architecture.
The Ill-Defined Niche
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: August 2012

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From the individual to the universal: Ying Chen’s Un enfant à ma porte
Authors: Silvester Rosalind
Published: August 2012

The question of the universal, figuring in the majority of Ying Chen’s texts due to the lack of spatial and temporal reference points, develops into a major theme in Un enfant à ma porte (2009). A foundling, adopted by the narrator and her husband, causes the former to
become strongly attached to the present and to contemplate the future in depth, rather than to remain preoccupied with the memories of her previous reincarnations. The text proves to be much more than a simple ‘récit de filiation’, as some critics have understood it, since
it not only presents the individual and unusual circumstances of an unconventionally formed family, but it also raises concerns affecting the whole of humanity in the twenty-first century. In this way, it acts as a social manifesto, both advocating the re-evaluation of the role of mothers
and warning against the possible demise of our species
Book Reviews
Authors: Chandna Mohit , Crowley Patrick , Hardwick Louise , Kosniowski Jenny , Miller Bart , Oktapoda Efstratia , Oktapoda Efstratia , Parris David L. , Past Mariana , Past Mariana , Thomas Bonnie , Toman Cheryl , Wittrock Mary Cobb
Published: August 2012

The Colonial Heritage of French Comics, Mark McKinney, (2011) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 270 pp., ISBN 978-1-84631-642-5, Hardback, £65

Problématiques identitaires et discours de l’exil dans les littératures francophones, Anissa Talahite-Moodley
(ed.), (2007) Ottawa: Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 365 pp., ISBN 978-2-7603-0664-6, Paperback

Frankétienne and Rewriting: A Work in Progress, Rachel Douglas, (2009) Lanham: Lexington Books, 195 pp., ISBN 978-0-7391-2565-6, Hardback, $65/£39.95/€44.95

The
Reparative in Narratives: Works of Mourning in Progress, Mireille Rosello, (2010) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 246 pp., ISBN 978184631221-2, Paperback

Tactical Silence in the Novels of Malika Mokeddem, Jane E. Evans, (2010) Amsterdam: Rodopi, 230 pp., ISBN 978-90-420-3176-0, Paperback

Poststructuralism
and Postcoloniality: The Anxiety of Theory, Jane Hiddleston, (2010) Liverpool: Liverpool University press, 207 pp., ISBN 978-1846-31230-4, Hardback, £65.00

Francographies. Identité et altérité dans les espaces francophones européens, Susan Bainbridge, Joy
Charnley and Caroline Verdier (eds), (2010) New York: Peter Lang, 418 pp., ISBN 978-1-4331-0348-3, Hardback

Le passeur de mots et autres nouvelles, Charbel Tayah, (2009) Beyrouth: éditions Dergham, 163 pp., ISBN 978-9953-401-41-6, $15

Mémoire des noms de lieux d’origine
et d’influence françaises en Saskatchewan: Répertoire toponymique, Carol Léonard, (2010) Quebec City: ÉDITIONS GID, 630 pp., ISBN 978-2-89634-022-4, Cdn $59.95

Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, Martin Munro (ed.),
(2010) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 200 pp., ISBN 978-1-84631-498-8, Paperback, £16.95

Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, K.L. Glover, (2010) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 262 pp., ISBN 978-1-84631-499-5, Hardback, L65

Edwidge Danticat:
A Reader’s Guide, Martin Munro (ed.), (2010) Charlottesville & London: University of Virginia Press, 222 pp.,ISBN 978-0-8139-3022-0, Paperback, $22.50

Above All, Don’t Look Back, Maïssa Bey, (2009) Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 188 pp., ISBN
978-0-8139-2844-9, Paperback, $22.50

France’s Lost Empires: Fragmentation, Nostalgia and la fracture coloniale, Kate Marsh and Nicola Frith (eds), (2011) Plymouth, United Kingdom: Lexington Books, 175 pp., ISBN 978-0-7391-4883-9, Hardback, £37.95
Seeing eye-to-eye in Chamoiseau's L'esclave vieil homme et le molosse: a chiasm of evolving animal-man dialectics
Authors: Meylor Kristen
Published: August 2012

This article explores the evolving definitions of animality, humanity, non-animality and non-humanity in Patrick Chamoiseau's L'esclave vieil homme et le molosse (1997). A chiastic representation of the novella illustrates how the slave and the molosse co-identify on the plantation,
how the hunt in the Grands-bois develops the slave's humanity and denies the molosse of his animality and, overall, how Chamoiseau rejects traditional dichotomies between animal and man. By means of a critical lens shaped by Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben and Georg Hegel, this article analyzes
how Chamoiseau evokes eye-to-eye confrontation between man and animal in order to subvert the traditional relationship between hunting dog and slave within plantation culture. L'esclave vieil homme et le molosse serves to suggest the paradoxical importance of postcolonial Caribbean literature
to the emerging field of animal studies; within this space of subjugation and exploitation, a new, truer definition of humanity is affirmed.
From Marrakesh to India: A Colonial Maharaja’s Pursuit of Architectural Glory in Kapurthala
Authors: Sharma Jyoti Pandey
Published: August 2012

This article explores a case of feisty internationalism in India's Islamic architecture during the colonial era. An Indian ruler with a passion for building, Maharaja Jagatjit Singh (1872-1949), ruler of the princely state of Kapurthala, commissioned a mosque in his capital, Kapurthala,
in the early decades of the twentieth century. Departing from convention, the archetype was not drawn from the subcontinent's mosque-building tradition, but from Morocco in the Maghrib (Muslim North Africa). The patron was an inveterate traveller and tourist who frequented Europe and also
visited its colonies including Morocco. He was impressed by Marrakesh's landmark twelfth-century Kutubiyya Mosque that became the prototype for Kapurthala's Jami Mosque. Designed by a French architect, Kapurthala's Jami Mosque is a complete aberration in the subcontinent's Islamic history
owing to its allegiance to a Maghribi prototype. It represents a unique, idiosyncratic endeavour by a non-Muslim ruler subscribing to western cultural practices and seeking inspiration beyond the scope of his home in order to raise a mosque for his Muslim subjects. The article asserts that
the Maharaja's endeavour, sadly neglected both by the public and academia, deserves a place in the subcontinent's vast corpus of Islamic built heritage as an invaluable cultural resource to be safeguarded for posterity.
Dam Nation: Imaging and Imagining the 'Middle East' in Herman Sörgel’s Atlantropa
Authors: Christensen Peter
Published: August 2012

Few utopian visions surpass that of Herman Srgel's Atlantropa, in terms of infrastructural, architectural and geopolitical ambition. Conceived in the interwar years and developed until Sörgel’s death in 1952, Atlantropa was an ambitious infrastructural proposal for a tightly
linked Europe-Africa that was to be formed by damming the Strait of Gibraltar and the Dardanelles, and the creation of several transcontinental arteries supporting the flow of people and natural resources between the two 'civilizations'. Sörgel’s who emerged from a German school
of geopolitical thinking that placed primacy on Lebensraum and the well-being of European races in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was one of the first architects to wholeheartedly bridge the gap between design and this form of discursive geopolitics. While touching on architectural
elements of the proposal, this article focuses on the major regional planning and macro-architectural gestures articulated. Atlantropa not only shifted conceptions of Europe's geopolitical relations with its immediate neighbours, but also countered contemporaneous predispositions to eastward
as opposed to southward expansion prevalent in German geopolitical thinking in the pre-World War II years.
Reviving Kabul: Notes on the Restoration and Adaptation of the Great Serai
Authors: Woodbridge Sam
Published: August 2012

The Great Serai is a historic property located in Murad Khane in the old town of Afghanistan's capital, Kabul. Dating back to the 1880s, the building was constructed using locally available materials and techniques. As one of the largest surviving properties of its kind in Kabul, the
Great Serai is acknowledged as an important example of traditional vernacular Afghan architecture. From March 2007 to October 2010 Turquoise Mountain, a not-for-profit organization with a remit to preserve and protect Afghanistan's cultural heritage, restored and adapted the Great Serai for
use as a calligraphy school and administration centre by the Institute of Afghan Arts and Architecture. From January 2009 to September 2010, I was employed to manage this work.

Focusing on the practicalities of construction in post-conflict Afghanistan, these notes begin by outlining the
historical, contractual and regulatory context within which the project was carried out. This article explores the trials entailed in working in an unsettled zone without an established legal framework, proper records or planning regulations and building codes. A description of the process
and philosophy that guided the design and construction work then follows, exploring the intent to preserve the authentic character of the building while updating it for contemporary usage. The final section offers a critical overview of lessons learned before concluding with a personal reflection
on the 'value' of the building, both as a heritage asset and looking forward, a place of study, learning and creativity.
The Relocation of al-Fustat Pottery Village: Evaluating the Results of Urban Redevelopment
Authors: Nassar Hala , Hewitt Robert
Published: August 2012

In an attempt to deal with environmental threats to the inhabitants of the Kum Ghurab district in Cairo, the Egyptian government closed the district's pottery kilns in 2003, jeopardizing the livelihood of potters who trace the origins of their workshops to the establishment of al-Fustat
in AD 641, the first Islamic capital of Egypt. In response to this potentially tragic loss of cultural and social capital, a model development project was initiated to introduce modern kilns and commercial units as part of a new potters' village and arts and crafts centre. In 2010, the project
was the subject of a field study and post-occupancy surveys of primary and secondary stakeholders in the new model village, the old pottery area awaiting demolition and a newly developed arts and crafts centre bordering the model village. Findings suggest that although, the project exhibits
shortcomings related to the amount of commercial disruption, loss of employment and citizen participation, relocation satisfaction problems appear to have been addressed in large part because commercial relocation occurred nearby, and local housing was available for area potters and workers;
and a new arts and crafts economy has been established to address threats from globalization and technological change that have taken place within the broader pottery industry over the last several decades, reflecting greater demands for high quality decorative products and a wider range of
arts and crafts products.
In the Gutter: Comix theory
Authors: Gregory Chase
Published: August 2012

Comix illustrate queerness, literally, both in the comics 'gutter' (the space between panels), and in the 'stutter' of the repeated frame. The gutter in comics makes clear that narrative can continue (in the form of reproductive futurity) only inasmuch as we continue to suture together
gaps in narrative (the gaps of queer jouissance) through the 'imperative of figuration' and the compulsion to create meaning. The gutter and repetition stand in relation to deconstructionist ideas about the slippage inherent in meaning, but also have implications for our understanding of Lacanian
orders (see David Ault's work on comics and Lacan). The comics medium, with its unique spatial/temporal relation, provides a visual metaphor for time, and in doing so offer ways for readers to envision time and space differently; because queerness is placed in opposition to institutions of
linear time (family, heterosexual futurism, reproduction, capitalism), it challenges 'reproductive temporality' and instead posits new temporalities - ones that refuse forward movement through the institutions of generational inheritance and instead fuck with the family tree. Queer/comix temporalities
fold back, repeat, stutter, and offer new ways of relating to time that are not driven by a reproductive imperative. In the literal illustration of the gutter/closure, the meaning/nonmeaning relation through the mechanisms of panel, gutter, and frame, comics make visible the queer element
in all artistic media, and thus make visible the instability of any symbolic investment.
Scott Pilgrim vs the future of comics publishing
Authors: Murray Padmini Ray
Published: August 2012

Publishers have always been keen to maximize the multimedia potential of their products, and are increasingly eager to make the most of the opportunities afforded to them by digital platforms and technologies. While this sort of treatment is ubiquitous for those intellectual properties
belonging to industry behemoths Marvel and DC, it is unusual for those published by smaller independent presses to receive similar consideration. However, Bryan Lee O'Malley's comic book series Scott Pilgrim despite its modest, independently published beginnings, was bought by Fourth Estate
and then made into a major motion picture in 2010, the release of which was accompanied by a mobile phone app. This article will explore how the consequences of commercial decisions taken by Fourth Estate and the creators of the app affect the reception of the comic, and is informed by original
interviews with the publisher and app creator. It will pay particular attention to the significance of content contained within the print comics that is not contained within the app. My examination will draw on Gerard Genette's definition of the paratext and how it locates the print comic
within a creative economy that privileges a DIY practice - demonstrating an allegiance, for example, to webcomic creation, a direct transaction between creator and consumer that bypasses the producer entirely. This analysis will be coupled with an investigation of how the migration of print
content to app affects the reading of the comic, and is augmented by a survey of comics readers who are used to reading digital content on-screen. I argue that not only does the intervention of digital technology transform the aesthetic product, the commercial motivations of the publisher/producer
are inextricable from our understanding of the comic as artefact, thus emphasizing the need for a more cultural materialist approach in comics studies as a discipline.
Beyond remediation: Comic book captions and silent film intertitles as the same genre
Authors: Kirchoff Jeffrey S. J.
Published: August 2012

Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin claim in Remediation that 'media are continually commenting on, reproducing, and replacing each other', suggesting that no medium is so individualistic that it does not somehow draw on other older - or equally new - forms of media. However, they choose
to discuss media primarily in terms of style, image and layout; in short, they emphasize the visual aspects of media while not thoroughly discussing other key rhetorical aspects such as the purpose of and response to a text. These latter components (purpose and response) are key tenets to
rhetorical genre theory of the last 25 years. Because rhetorical genre theory seems analogous to remediation in many ways - both theories argue that texts or mediums draw on other texts/mediums - it appears that these two theories can serve as complements to one another. This article synthesizes
remediation and rhetorical genre theory to discuss the relationship of silent film intertitles to comic book captions. Using ideas from rhetorical genre theorists Amy Devitt, Anis Bawarshi and Carolyn Miller (among others), in addition to Bolter and Grusin, I argue that not only are early
forms of comic book captions remediated silent film intertitles (boasting a similar style/layout/image), but that they are also the same genre (sharing a similar purpose and invoking comparable responses). To that end, I examine silent films such as The Flirt (1917), The Mark of Zorro (1920),
Nosferatu (1924) and Sherlock Jr. (1924) and comic books published in the 1940s, including Batman, Archie and The Spirit.
Why pause?: The fine line between reading and contemplation
Authors: Atkinson Paul
Published: August 2012

There has long been an interest in the formal properties of comic books and bandes dessinées, in particular, how the structure of the page as a succession of panels constitutes a form of reading, hence the use of expressions such as 'sequential narrative' to describe the medium.
There is no question that this aspect of the comic book is important and that many of the medium's conventions have developed to facilitate the telling of a story, however, this article focuses on the visual rhythms that inform the reading movement but are not reducible to narrative events.
Of particular interest are the surface properties of line and colour that exceed any representational function and have the capacity to speed up, or indeed, slow down the reading process.

To address this issue, the article will investigate the relationship between comic books and painting
and the difference in how the viewer 'stands before' the image. Painting is often assumed to arrest the movement of the eye, to hold the attention of the viewer, whereas comic books are said to guide the viewer from one image to the next. This leads to the implication that painting invokes
aesthetic contemplation and comic books do not.

The article will address these issues through a reworking of the aesthetic theories of Jean-François Lyotard, Norman Bryson and James Elkins, in particular their speculations on the time involved in viewing a painting. Examples will
be drawn from Kathryn and Stuart Immonen's Moving Pictures and Bernar Yslaire and Jean-Claude Carrière’s The Sky over the Louvre; two graphic novels that investigate aesthetic contemplation and incorporate famous artworks into the narrative.
Towards a vocabulary of displacement and utopian possibilities: Reading Shaun Tan's The Arrival as a crossover text
Authors: Dony Christophe
Published: August 2012

Taking Shaun Tan’s The Arrival as a case study, this article examines how the idea of ‘crossing over’ goes beyond the mere mixing of characters and worlds that currently defines the ‘crossover’ phenomenon in the jargon of comics studies. More specifically,
I probe how the term ‘crossover’ is connected to issues of fragmentation, dis/connection and dis/continuity, and thereby argue that it shares similarities with the concepts of dislocation and hybridity that have animated the debates of postcolonial literatures and diasporic scholarship
for decades. Following that line of reasoning, then, I explore how in engaging with historical and translinear spatio-temporal relations, The Arrival moves between worlds and genres in order to destabilize fixed or preformatted aesthetic and cultural norms and traditions. Drawing on Françoise
Král’s study of contemporary diasporic fiction, Marianne Hirsch’s concept of ‘postmemory’ and Graham Huggan’s exploration of ‘travelling theory’, I show how The Arrival visually and thematically articulates ‘migratory aesthetics’
and ‘diasporic tropes’ in order to reassess how the parameters of memory, time and place overlap and interact. In so doing, I maintain that Tan’s graphic narrative presents a chorus of migrants’ memories and experiences through which the personal, the collective and
the historical intersperse. Finally, I conclude that in enacting the ramifications and consequences underlying the concept of ‘crossing over’, Tan’s narrative opens up a new space that not only questions the dogmatic national container, but retains utopian possibilities as
well, including how reaching out to the other helps challenge binary models such as us/them, colonizer/colonized and nature/mankind.
“Row Indexing” of electron diffraction patterns along [uv0]
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Hejing , Fan Erping , Wang Ling , Zhou Zhao
Published: August 2012

In this paper, we propose a formula to describe the relationship between the Miller indicesh,kand the row-row distance for the monoclinic system, which effectively overcomes the difficulty in indexing defective selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and Fourier transform of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. Such defective SAED patterns are often found in clay minerals and other beam-sensitive materials. The spot-to-spot indexing is therefore transformed into the row-to-row measurement and calculation. This significantly improves the indexing for electron diffraction patterns. According to this formula proposed here, it is only necessary to measure the distance between rows [00L] and [HKL] and then thehandkand hence thelcan be evaluated. This not only indexes the reflections, but also helps to judge the incident electron beam direction. The reliability and practicality of this row-indexing method were verified by both a simulated SAED pattern of chlorite and HRTEM experiments of illite and palygorskite. Formulae of row-indexing for the orthorhombic, rhombohedral, tetragonal, hexagonal and cubic systems are also presented.
Colorings of single-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Loyola Mark L. , Navarro De Las Peñas Ma. Louise Antonette , Basilio Antonio M.
Published: August 2012

In this work, we describe a process to classify and characterize nanotubes with several types of atoms by constructing colorings associated with single-wall carbon nanotubes. We also illustrate how colored single-wall carbon nanotubes can be used to model rolled-up versions of particular two-dimensional patterns such as carbon-boron nitride ternary graphite-like monolayers.
Promoting 21st-Century Skills in the Science Classroom by Adapting Cookbook Lab Activities: The Case of DNA Extraction of Wheat Germ
Authors: Alozie Nonye M. , Grueber David J. , Dereski Mary O.
Published: August 2012

How can science instruction engage students in 21st-century skills and inquiry-based learning, even when doing simple labs in the classroom? We collaborated with teachers in professional development workshops to transform “cookbook” activities into engaging laboratory experiences. We show how to change the common classroom activity of DNA extraction of wheat germ to integrate cooperative group strategies, graphic organizers, and classroom discussions. Teachers found these strategies helpful as they worked to adapt instruction that prepared students with the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in 21st-century Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers.
Using Scientific Inquiry to Teach Students about Water Quality
Authors: Puche Helena , Holt Jame
Published: August 2012

This semi-guided inquiry activity explores the macroinvertebrate fauna in water sources affected by different levels of pollution. Students develop their ability to identify macroinvertebrates, compare aquatic fauna from different sources of water samples, evaluate water quality using an index, document and analyze data, raise questions and hypotheses, and discuss other possible issues that could be investigated at a later time. These sets of activities were designed for freshman high school students but are applicable to middle school students as well.
Acorn Caching in Tree Squirrels: Teaching Hypothesis Testing in the Park
Authors: McEuen Amy B. , Steele Michael A.
Published: August 2012

We developed an exercise for a university-level ecology class that teaches hypothesis testing by examining acorn preferences and caching behavior of tree squirrels (Sciurus spp.). This exercise is easily modified to teach concepts of behavioral ecology for earlier grades, particularly high school, and provides students with a theoretical basis for examining commonly observed squirrel behavior. Students gain experience in testing hypotheses and revising predictions. They evaluate how well predictions of competing hypotheses are supported by statistically analyzing and interpreting class data using t-tests and chi-square tests.
Morphogenesis of the Terrarium
Authors: Brinker Andrew
Published: August 2012

Terrariums have decorated the shelves and counters of biology offices and classrooms for centuries. Living organisms inspire students and teachers alike. These wonderful ecosystems allow for both experimentation and observation of living systems. Here, I outline a new approach to building classroom terrariums. Historically, terrariums have been made using rocks, gravel, soil, wood, leaves, and organic props. This process often creates an immovable terrarium that weighs several hundred pounds. Although this approach will continue to produce beautiful terrariums, new technology has given us the opportunity to create more intricate terrariums that are a fraction of the weight and, therefore, mobile. The step-by-step protocol given here will allow biology professionals with little experience building terrariums an opportunity to explore this rewarding practice.
A Brief Introduction to the History of Ecology
Authors: Kormondy Edward J.
Published: August 2012

In this issue of ABT that focuses on ecology, I believe it should be of interest to reflect briefly on its history and development to provide a context for what ecology is at present. Much of what follows is derived from my previous publications (Kormondy, 1965, 1996).
Using Biological-Control Research in the Classroom to Promote Scientific Inquiry & Literacy
Authors: Richardson Matthew L. , Richardson Scott L. , Hall David G.
Published: August 2012

Scientists researching biological control should engage in education because translating research programs into classroom activities is a pathway to increase scientific literacy among students. Classroom activities focused on biological control target all levels of biological organization and can be cross-disciplinary by drawing from subject areas such as ecology, molecular biology, physiology, and chemistry. We evaluate published “how-to” biological-control activities to determine whether they meet National Science Education Standards and use a constructivist pedagogical approach. We also provide an example classroom activity developed from our research that scientists can use as a template to develop their science-education activities.
Testing Honey Bees’ Avoidance of Predators
Authors: Robinson Jesse Wade , Nieh James C. , Goodale Eben
Published: August 2012

Many high school science students do not encounter opportunities for authentic science inquiry in their formal coursework. Ecological field studies can provide such opportunities. The purpose of this project was to teach students about the process of science by designing and conducting experiments on whether and how honey bees (Apis mellifera) avoid predators. Students summarized their findings in scientific papers and presentations to research scientists. We found that this project increased student knowledge of the scientific process, scientific writing, what scientists do, and the importance of the environment.
Development of a Water-Quality Lab that Enhances Learning & Connects Students to the Land
Authors: Enos-Berlage Jodi
Published: August 2012

A 3-week laboratory module was developed for an undergraduate microbiology course that would connect student learning to a real-life challenge, specifically a local water-quality project. The laboratory series included multiple field trips, sampling of soil and water, and subsequent analysis for bacteria and nitrate. Laboratory results confirmed the usefulness of comparing real environmental samples, and student survey and performance data supported the original hypothesis of this study in terms of student learning objectives.
Reconstructing patterns of temperature, phenology, and frost damage over 124 years: Spring damage risk is increasing
Authors: Augspurger Carol K.
Published: August 2012

Climate change, with both warmer spring temperatures and greater temperature fluctuations, has altered phenologies, possibly leading to greater risk of spring frost damage to temperate deciduous woody plants. Phenological observations of 20 woody species from 1993 to 2012 in Trelease Woods, Champaign County, Illinois, USA, were used to identify years with frost damage to vegetative and reproductive phases. Local temperature records were used in combination with the phenological observations to determine what combinations of the two were associated with damage. Finally, a long‐term temperature record (1889–1992) was evaluated to determine if the frequency of frost damage has risen in recent decades.

Frost ≤−1.7°C occurred after bud‐break in 14 of the 20 years of observation. Frost damage occurred in five years in the interior and in three additional years at only the forest edge. The degree of damage varied with species, life stage, tissue (vegetative or reproductive), and phenological phase. Common features associated with the occurrence of damage to interior plants were (1) a period of unusual warm temperatures in March, followed by (2) a frost event in April with a minimum temperature ≤−6.1°C with (3) a period of 16–33 days between the extremes.

In the long‐term record, 10 of 124 years met these conditions, but the yearly probability of frost damage increased significantly, from 0.03 during 1889–1979 to 0.21 during 1980–2012. When the criteria were “softened” to ≤−1.7°C in April and an interval of 16–37 days, 31 of 124 years met the conditions, and the yearly damage probability increased significantly to 0.19 for 1889–1979 and 0.42 for 1980–2012.

In this forest, the combination of warming trends and temperature variability (extremes) associated with climate change is having ecologically important effects, making previously rare frost damage events more common.
From the General to the Specific— Selecting the Target Memory
Authors: Royle Liz , Kerr Catherine
Published: August 2012

This article is an excerpt from the book Integrating EMDR Into Your Practice (Royle & Kerr, 2010), which is a hands-on guide to facilitate the successful integration of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) training into therapists’ practice while recognizing that trainees come from a range of theoretical backgrounds. This excerpt focuses on identifying the appropriate target memory and its related negative cognition (NC) in preparation for desensitization. Clients and therapists need to understand the rationale for selecting a particular target utilizing prioritization and clustering techniques. The importance of the belief system is discussed and methods of identifying the initial targets are offered, including the floatback technique. Many practitioners experience difficulty in getting the right NC, and methods for drawing this out are illustrated. Final preparations prior to desensitization are considered as well as the importance of addressing client anxieties and expectations. Throughout the excerpt, case vignettes are used to outline cautions and common pitfalls encountered by the novice EMDR therapist.
EMDR Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Two Model Treatment Plans
Authors: Leeds Andrew M.
Published: August 2012

This article, condensed from Chapter 14 of A Guide to the Standard EMDR Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants (Leeds, 2009), examines applying eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to treating individuals with panic disorder (PD) and PD with agoraphobia (PDA). The literature on effective treatments for PD and PDA is reviewed focusing on cognitive and behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, and EMDR. Case reports and controlled studies of EMDR treatment of PD and PDA are examined for lessons to guide EMDR clinicians. Two model EMDR treatment plans are presented: one for cases of simple PD without agoraphobia or other co-occurring disorders and the other for cases of PDA or PD with co-occurring anxiety or Axis II disorders. A more extensive literature discussion, detailed treatment guidelines, and client education resources can be found in the original chapter.
Integrating EMDR and Ego State Treatment for Clients With Trauma Disorders
Authors: Forgash Carol , Knipe James
Published: August 2012

This article is an excerpt from Healing the Heart of Trauma and Dissociation with EMDR and Ego State Therapy (edited by Carol Forgash and Margaret Copeley, 2007, pp. 1–59). The preparation phase of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is very important in the therapy of multiply traumatized clients with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative symptoms. EMDR clinicians who treat clients with complex trauma will benefit from learning specific readiness and stabilization interventions that are inherent to Phase 1 of a well-accepted phased trauma-treatment model. Extending the preparation phase of EMDR by including these interventions provides sequential steps for the development of symptom-management skills and increased stability. Additional focus is placed on helping clients work with their ego state system to develop boundaries, cooperative goals, and healthier attachment styles. Following an individually tailored preparation phase, the processing of long-held traumatic memory material becomes possible.
Protocol for Excessive Grief
Authors: Luber Marilyn
Published: August 2012

“Protocol for Excessive Grief” is excerpted from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations illustrating a scripted protocol from one of Francine Shapiro’s 6 basic protocols. “Scripting” informs and reminds EMDR practitioners of the component parts, sequence, and language used to create effective outcomes, and also generates a template for practitioners and researchers to use for reliability and/or a common denominator so that the form of working with EMDR is consistent. This protocol includes 5 steps: process actual events, including the loved one’s suffering or death; process any intrusive images that are occurring; process the nightmare images; process any stimuli/triggers associated with the grief experience; and address issues of personal responsibility, mortality, or previous unresolved losses. The future template is included This protocol addresses the many aspects of grief and mourning to assure the full processing of clients’ concerns.
Healing the Caregiving System: Working With Parents Within a Comprehensive EMDR Treatment
Authors: Gomez Ana M.
Published: August 2012

This article is an excerpt from the book EMDR Therapy and Adjunct Approaches With Children: Complex Trauma, Attachment, and Dissociation. It presents an original model to work with caregivers of children with complex trauma. This model comprises 3 levels of parental involvement within a comprehensive eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment: psychoeducation, self-regulation, and memory reprocessing and integration (Gomez, 2009, 2012a, 2012b). Mentalization and reflective function (Fonagy & Target, 1997), mindsight (Siegel, 1999, 2010), mind-mindedness (Meins, Fernyhough, Fradley, & Tuckey, 2002), insightfulness (Koren-Karie, Oppenheim, Dolev, Sher, & Etziom-Carasso, 2002), and metacognitive monitoring (Flavell, 1979; Main, 1991) are all constructs linked to the parent’s capacity to develop infant’s attachment security. However, unresolved trauma and loss appears to impair these capacities in parents. Many children wounded by caregivers lacking such competences had to endure repetitive emotional, physical, and sexual overt and covert abuse; enmeshment and intrusiveness; or on the contrary, detachment and lack of connection. When the caregivers have been the wounding agents, their inclusion and active participation in the overall treatment of their children is fundamental.
Specialty Topics on Using EMDR With Children
Authors: Adler-Tapia Robbie , Settle Carolyn
Published: August 2012

“Specialty Topics on Using EMDR With Children” is written for therapists who have learned the basic eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol and are interested in expanding their skills in using EMDR in individual treatment with children. This article explores the advanced application of EMDR with other clinical, emotional, developmental, and behavioral issues, including children who have been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or have experienced trauma, attachment, and dissociation. The text is organized into headings of specific childhood diagnoses, issues, or presenting problems, with recommendations for procedural considerations and adjustments to the EMDR protocol. Unless indicated otherwise, the EMDR protocol follows the 8 phases, as discussed in the book, EMDR and the Art of Psychotherapy With Children (Adler-Tapia & Settle, 2008) with additions or modifications, as indicated.
Consciousness Examined: An Introduction to the Foundations of Neurobiology for EMDR
Authors: Bergmann Uri
Published: August 2012

The human mind is difficult to investigate, but the biological foundations of the mind, especially consciousness, are generally regarded as the most daunting. In this article, excerpted from the book Neurobiological Foundations for EMDR Practice (Bergmann, 2012), we introduce and outline aspects of consciousness, information processing, and their relationship to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). We examine consciousness with respect to three characteristics: unity of perception and function, subjectivity, and prediction. The relationship of these characteristics to EMDR is examined.
Risk in Maternity Care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Smith Valerie , Devane Declan , Murphy-Lawless Jo
Published: August 2012

AIM:To analyze the concept of risk in maternity care.

DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (1966–2010), CINAHL (1980–2010), EMBASE (1980–2010), PsycINFO (1980–2010), and Social Science Citation Index were searched. Key text books were sourced. Media literature was reviewed by perusal of newspaper articles, health supplements, and popular Internet health care websites.

REVIEW METHODS:The principle-based method of concept analysis was used to guide the analysis of risk in maternity care.

RESULTS:The epistemological principle identified the ambiguous nature of the risk concept, with risk having diverse meanings for different individuals. The pragmatic principle demonstrated that the current systematic approach to risk assessment often fails to identify those who succumb to risk issues. The linguistic principle portrays the ambiguity of risk perception with “risk” considered according to past experiences, knowledge, and individual attitudes. The logical principle identified a strong link between safety and uncertainty revealing that the risk concept lacks integrity and may not “hold its own.”

CONCLUSION:The concept of risk in maternity care is concerned with risk assessment, risk perception, and notions of safety and uncertainty. Risk in maternity care is diverse and dynamic. What constitutes as a risk today may not necessarily be viewed in the same light tomorrow.
External Validity of Studies on Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Schizophrenia: Systematic Review
Authors: Steinert Tilman , Hamann Karen
Published: August 2012

Studies on violence in schizophrenia use two different approaches: use of epidemiological data, and clinical
studies recording direct patient data after gaining informed consent. With regard to informed consent requiring agreement
and cooperation, the question arises as to what extent participants represent patients with schizophrenia and violent behaviour
(external validity). We conducted a systematic literature research. In most of the studies, aggression or violence, respectively,
were poorly defined. Only 5 (15.2%) studies used a cut-off score on an aggression scale. Only 6 studies
(18.2%) reported the number of patients who refused to participate, and 16 (48.5%) reported the number of drop-outs.
Only 3 studies (9.1%) reported a systematic comparison of participants and non-participants. We found that data which allow
for the assessment of representativeness of the investigated samples are poorly reported. For most studies, doubts regarding
external validity seem justified and generalisability is questionable due to possible selection bias.
An evaluation of insertion sites for mini-implants
Authors: Laursen Morten G. , Melsen Birte , Cattaneo Paolo M.
Published: August 2012

Objective:

(1) To report the thickness of the cortical bone in insertion sites commonly used for orthodontic mini-implants, (2) to assess the impact of a change in insertion angle on primary cortical bone-to-implant contact, and (3) to evaluate the risk of maxillary sinus perforation.

Materials and Methods:

At autopsy, 27 human samples containing three to five adjacent teeth were excised and scanned using a table-top micro-computed tomography system. Bone thickness measurements were taken at 45° and 90° to the long the axis of the adjacent teeth, simulating a mini-implant insertion at the mid-root level.

Results:

In the maxilla, the overall mean cortical thickness at 90° was 0.7 mm buccally in the lateral region, 1.0 mm buccally in the anterior region, and 1.3 mm palatally. In the mandible, the mean cortical thickness was 0.7 mm buccally and 1.8 mm lingually in the anterior region; 1.9 mm buccally and 2.6 mm lingually in the lateral region. Changing the insertion angle from 90° to 45° increased the cortical bone-to-implant contact by an average of 47%. Perpendicular insertion at the mid-root level only rarely interfered with the sinus, whereas apically inclined insertion increased the risk of sinus perforation.

Conclusions:

Buccally and palatally in the maxilla and buccally in the anterior mandible, the thickness of the alveolar cortical bone is often less than 1 mm. In contrast, the alveolar cortical bone is frequently thicker than 2 mm laterally in the mandible. Changing the insertion angle to 45° will generally enhance implant stability but increase the risk of perforation to the maxillary sinus.
Array-based comparative genomic hybridization–guided identification of reference genes for normalization of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay data for lymphomas, histiocytic sarcomas, and osteosarcomas of dogs
Authors: Tsai Pei-Chien , Breen Matthew
Published: August 2012

Objective—To identify suitable reference genes for normalization of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay data for common tumors of dogs.

Sample—Malignant lymph node (n = 8), appendicular osteosarcoma (9), and histiocytic sarcoma (12) samples and control samples of various nonneoplastic canine tissues.

Procedures—Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data were used to guide selection of 9 candidate reference genes. Expression stability of candidate reference genes and 4 commonly used reference genes was determined for tumor samples with RT-qPCR assays and 3 software programs.

Results—LOC611555 was the candidate reference gene with the highest expression stability among the 3 tumor types. Of the commonly used reference genes, expression stability of HPRT was high in histiocytic sarcoma samples, and expression stability of Ubi and RPL32 was high in osteosarcoma samples. Some of the candidate reference genes had higher expression stability than did the commonly used reference genes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data for constitutively expressed genes with high expression stability are required for normalization of RT-qPCR assay results. Without such data, accurate quantification of gene expression in tumor tissue samples is difficult. Results of the present study indicated LOC611555 may be a useful RT-qPCR assay reference gene for multiple tissue types. Some commonly used reference genes may be suitable for normalization of gene expression data for tumors of dogs, such as lymphomas, osteosarcomas, or histiocytic sarcomas.