bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
К вопросу оценки эффективности пищевых ПАВ для эмульсионной продукции масложирового ассортимента
Authors: Л.И. Арасова , Т.Г. Тагиева , И.М. Завадская
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена обсуждению методологии оценки эффективности эмульгирующего действия поверхностно-активных веществ, используемых в производстве эмульсионных продуктов масложирового ассортимента. Для производства эмульсионной продукции с заданными функциональными свойствами и управления ее качественными характеристиками необходимо не только понимание механизма процесса эмульгирования, но и возможность объективной оценки эффективности действия эмульгаторов. Теория эмульгирования относится к идеальным моделям или к простым системам. Пищевые эмульсии представляют собой более сложные многокомпонентные системы, включающие, кроме масла и воды, белки, углеводы, а также вкусовые добавки, зачастую являющиеся дестабилизаторами эмульсии. Изготовление пищевых эмульсий во многом остается еще эмпирической областью. В зависимости от состава и свойств пищевой системы поверхностная активность эмульгатора может проявляться в различных направлениях, поэтому необходимы методы оценки эффективности его действия в конкретных условиях применения. В данной статье представлены результаты оценки эффективности эмульгирующего действия яичного меланжа, представляющего собой смесь яичного желтка, традиционно используемого в качестве эмульгирующего компонента при производстве майонеза, и яичного белка, обладающего высокой стабилизирующей способностью в эмульсиях «масло в воде».

The article is devoted to a discussion of the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the emulsifying effect of surfactants used in the production of emulsion products of oil and fat assortment. For the production of emulsion products with desired functional properties and the management of its qualitative characteristics, it is necessary not only to understand the mechanism of the emulsification process, but also to be able to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of emulsifiers. Emulsification theory refers to ideal models or simple systems. Food emulsions are more complex multicomponent systems, including, in addition to oil and water, proteins, carbohydrates, as well as flavoring agents, which are often destabilizing emulsions. The manufacture of food emulsions remainslargely an empirical field. Depending on the composition and properties of the food system, the surface activity of the emulsifier can be manifested in various directions, therefore, methods are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of its action in specific conditions of use. This article presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of the emulsifying effect of egg melange, which is a mixture of egg yolk, traditionally used as an emulsifying component in the production of mayonnaise, and egg white, which has a high stabilizing ability in oil-in-water emulsions.
Методика выполнения измерений. Сообщение 2. Аттестация и оформление методик выполнения измерений
Authors: А.А. Бегунов , А.С. Рашидов , Р.А. Ибрагимов
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены значимость методик выполнения измерений в аналитической измерительной науке и практике в условиях пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности. Приведены рекомендации по разработке и аттестации методик.

The importance of measurement techniques in analytical measurement science and practice in the food and processing industry is considered. Recommendations on the development and certification of methods are given.
Исследование антагонистической активности ароматобразующих культур Streptococcus diacetilactis
Authors: А.П. Степанова , Л.Б. Ловцова , Ж.А. Проккоева
Published: November 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследований антагонистической активности культур Streptococcus diacetilactis по отношению к кишечной палочке. Для исследования было отобрано семь штаммов Streptococcus diacetilactis из коллекции ВНИИЖиров. Из них четыре штамма показали высокую антагонистическую активность. В дальнейшем это свойство будет являться преимуществом при составлении заквасочных наборов.

The article presents the results of studies of the antagonistic activity of cultures of Streptococcus diacetilactis in relation to Escherichia coli. For the study, 7 strains of Streptococcus diacetilactis from the VNIIFat collection were selected. Of these, 4 strains showed high antagonistic activity. In the future, this property will be an advantage in the preparation of starter sets.
Исследование влияния способов переэтерификации на физико-химические и структурно-механические свойства жиров для кондитерской и хлебопекарной промышленности с минимальным содержанием транс-изомеров
Authors: И.В. Павлова , М.Б. Коблицкая
Published: November 2024

Исследованы опытные образцы жиров специального назначения для кондитерской и хлебопекарной промышленности, полученных по разработанной рецептуре с помощью энзимной и химической переэтерификации смесей масел и жиров. Установлено, что метод химической переэтерификации обеспечивает более высокие структурно-механические свойства смесей жиров в сравнении с энзимной переэтерифи-кацией. Это связано с тем, что при химической переэтерификации конверсии подвергаются все три положения триацилглицеринов с равномерным статистическим распределением жирнокислотных остатков в триацилглицеринах, обеспечивающим формирование однородной кристаллической структуры, в отличие от энзимной переэтерификации, затрагивающей только два крайних положения триацилглицеринов с образованием менее однородного состава триацилглицеринов, который формирует менее однородную кристаллическую структуру.

Prototypes of special purpose fats for the confectionery and bakery industry, obtained according to the developed recipe using enzyme and chemical transesterifica-tion of mixtures of oils and fats, were studied. It has been established that the chemical transesterification method provides higher structural and mechanical properties of mixtures of fats in comparison with enzyme transesterification. This is due to the fact that during chemical transesterification, all 3 positions of triacylgly-cerols are subjected to a uniform statistical distribution of fatty acid residues in triacylglycerols, ensuring the formation of a uniform crystalline structure, in contrast to enzymatic transesterification, affecting only 2 extreme positions of triacelglycerides with the formation of a less complex structure, forms a less homogeneous crystalline structure.
Технология сухих сливок для кофе на молочной и молочно-растительной основе
Authors: Л.В. Гапонова , Т.А. Полежаева , Г.А. Матвеева
Published: November 2024

В статье изложены основные результаты исследований по отработке рецептур и технологии сухих сливок для приготовления кофе и других напитков в вендинговых аппаратах. Приводятся данные о пенообразующей и эмульгирующей способности эмульгаторов и пенообразователей, входящих в рецептуры сливок как в водной среде, так и в составе белково-липидной эмульсии растворенного сухого продукта. Изучено влияние состава эмульсии и температуры на эффективность пенообразования, растворимость и органолептические свойства восстановленных сливок отдельно и в составе готового к употреблению кофе. В итоге предложены рецептуры сухих сливок для веидерных аппаратов, позволяющие получить кофе и другие напитки с достаточным объемом пены и с хорошими органолептическими показателями.

The article presents the main results of the development of formulations and technology of dry cream for coffee and other beverages in vending machines. The data on theresearch of foaming and emulsifying ability of emulsifiers and foaming agents included in the cream formulations both in the aqueous medium and in the protein-lipid emulsion of the dissolved dry product are presented. The effect of the emulsion composition and temperature on the efficiency of foaming, solubility and organoleptic properties of coffee cream and ready-to-use coffee was studied. As a result, the formulations of dry cream for vending machines are claimed, allowing to obtain coffee and other drinks with a sufficient amount of foam, good taste and structure.
Пеногасители для применения в свеклосахарном производстве
Authors: Г.П. Кюрегян , Н.В. Комаров , О.Д. Кюрегян
Published: November 2024

Обзорная информация использования пеногасящих составов при производстве сахара. В мировой практике для применении в свеклосахарном производстве используют пеногасители на основе кремнийорганических соединений - силиконов или сил океанов. Основным недостатком является их токсичность и биологическая небезопасность включения в технологический процесс пищевого производства. В настоящее время в лаборатории пищевых ПАВ МФ ВНИИЖиров разрабатываются эмульсионные системы пеногасителей на основе эфиров полиглицерина с жирными кислотами, являющимися биологически приоритетными веществами, представляющими собой производные пищевых жиров, которые, попадая в окружающую среду, разлагаются, не загрязняя ее.

Overview of the use of antifoaming agents in the production of sugar. In world practice, antifoam agents based on organosilicon compounds - silicones or siloxanes - are used for use in sugar beet production. The main disadvantage is their toxicity and biological insecurity of inclusion in the technological process of food production. Currently, emulsion antifoam systems based on poly-glycerol esters with fatty acids, which are biologically priority substances, which are derivatives of edible fats, which decompose without pollution and are contaminated, are being developed in the laboratory of food surfactants of the MF VNIIZhirov.
High-Throughput Solid Phase Extraction for Targeted and Non-Targeted Exposomics
Authors: Gu yunyun , Feuerstein Max Lennart , Warth Benedikt
Published: November 2024

Characterizing the chemical exposome relies on advanced instrumentation including tandem mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), and non-targeted analysis (NTA) using high-resolution MS. However, proper sample pretreatment, balancing broad analyte coverage, method robustness, and throughput remain a major bottleneck in exposomics. Here, we developed a robust and scalable solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol in 96-well format for human urine and plasma and optimized it for a panel of 94 highly diverse environmental and food-related contaminants (LogP -0.7 ~ 6.8). Extraction recoveries (RE) and signal suppression and enhancement (SSE) were determined using targeted LC-MS/MS. Acceptable REs (60% - 140%) were achieved for >70% of all analytes, and acceptable SSE values (60% -140%) for 86% and 90% in urine and plasma, respectively. Subsequently, the method was transferred to 96-well format, significantly improving throughput to meet the capacity requirements needed for exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS). The established workflow is approximately 10× faster than routinely used metabolomics-based protein precipitation approaches when comparing the estimated total analysis time for 1000 samples. The method’s applicability for NTA and suspect screening was tested and compared to a generic protein precipitation protocol using NIST standard reference materials for urine (SRM 3672) and plasma (SRM 1950). Better performance was shown for the protein precipitation workflow while the SPE protocol demonstrated promising results. Therefore, the developed workflow is not only superior for future high-throughput targeted exposomics but also offers an option for NTA applications. The presented well-balanced approach is likely applicable to research in pharmacology, food safety, or systems toxicology.
Novel tetrapeptides, tengupeptins A and B, produced by Lecanicillium aphanocladii FKI-9593 fungal strain
Authors: Sugawara Akihiro , Kojima Hiroki , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Higo Mayuka , Kasuya Taiga , Nonaka Kenichi , Iwatsuki Masato
Published: November 2024

The discovery of novel natural products through the exploration of distinct microorganisms is crucial for advancing drug discovery research. In this study, we focus on a unique environmental resource, microbial masses known as "Tengu-no-Mugimeshi." From the culture broth of Lecanicillium aphanocladii FKI-9593, isolated from Tengu-no-Mugimeshi collected at Mount Kurohime, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, we report the isolation of two novel tetrapeptides, tengupeptins A (1) and B (2), as well as the known compound oosporein. Structural analysis revealed that tengupeptins are composed of four amino acids: L-pyroglutamic acid for 1 (or L-glutamic acid for 2), (Z)-α,β-didehydro tryptophan (ΔZTrp), (Z)-α,β-didehydro-phenylalanine (ΔZPhe), and L-aspartic acid. Notably, dehydroamino acids containing an aromatic moiety conjugated with a double bond connected via two or more consecutive linkages are rare in natural products, and the ΔZTrp-ΔZPhe fragment represents the first example. The isolation of secondary metabolites from filamentous fungi inhabiting unique environments, such as Tengu-no-Mugimeshi, is anticipated to offer significant potential for future research.
A Chemical Language Model for Multi-Class Molecular Taste Prediction
Authors: Zimmermann Yoel , Sieben Leif , Seng Henrik , Pestlin Philipp , Görlich Franz
Published: November 2024

Predicting molecular taste remains a significant challenge in food science. Here, we present FART (Flavor Analysis and Recognition Transformer), a chemical language model fine-tuned on the largest public dataset (15,031 compounds) of molecular tastants to date. When operating within confidence bounds, FART achieves 88.4% accuracy in predicting four fundamental taste categories—sweet, bitter, sour, and umami. Unlike previous approaches focused on binary classification, FART performs multi-class prediction while maintaining interpretability through gradient-based visualization of molecular features. The model identifies key structural elements driving taste properties and demonstrates utility in analyzing both known tastants and novel compounds. By making both the model and dataset publicly available, we provide the food science community with tools for rapid taste prediction, potentially accelerating the development of new flavor compounds and enabling systematic exploration of taste chemistry.
In Situ Synthesis of Degradable Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Chen , Beauseroy Hannah , Mougin Julie , Lages Maëlle , Nicolas Julien
Published: November 2024

The in-situ synthesis of degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles is still a challenge to be met, which would make it possible to remedy both the shortcomings of traditional formulation of preformed polymers (e.g., low nanoparticle concentrations) and those of the physical encapsulation of drugs (e.g., burst release, poor drug loadings). Herein, by the combination of radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) under appropriate experimental conditions, we report the successful preparation of high solid contents, degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles, exhibiting multiple drug moieties covalently linked to a degradable vinyl copolymer backbone. Such rROPISA process relied on a chain extension of a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-based solvophilic block with a mixture of lauryl methacrylate (LMA), cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) and drug-bearing methacrylic esters by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization at 20 wt % solids content. This novel approach was exemplified with two different CKA monomers and two different anticancer drugs, namely paclitaxel and gemcitabine, to demonstrate its versatility. After transferring to water, remarkably stable aqueous suspensions of core-degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles of 56-225 nm in diameter with tunable amounts of CKA units (7-26 mol.%) and drug loadings up to 33 wt % were obtained. Incorporation of ester groups in the copolymers was demonstrated by hydrolytic degradation of both the copolymers and the nanoparticles under accelerated conditions. The nanoparticles showed significant cytotoxicity on A549 cells, used as a lung cancer model. Fluorescence labeling of the solvophilic block also enabled effective monitoring of their cell internalization by confocal microscopy, with the potential for theranostic applications.
Altmetrics in Chemistry: Alternative Metrics for Research Impact in Chemistry
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Della Pina Cristina , Luque Rafael , Pagliaro Mario
Published: November 2024

The analysis of alternative metrics for assessing research impact (“altmetrics”) in Chemistry fifteen years after the introduction of new metrics originally conceived to complement citation-based metrics suggests three main outcomes whose consequences are of direct relevance to research chemists. All major publishers in the chemical sciences quickly adopted commercial altmetric badges provided by companies aggregating data on “online conversations” concerning research papers. Yet chemistry papers remained among the least discussed studies online. Following assessment of the state of altmetrics in the chemical sciences and the relationship between altmetric impact and citations, this study suggests why chemistry scholars should be interested in altmetrics.
Tweeting democracy: analyzing twitter's role in public participation during the Philippine election 2022
Authors: Tenorio Christine B. , Daud Yammie Palao , Lubos Lalevie Casas
Published: November 2024

This study displays Twitter's relevance in collecting sentiments and evaluating social networks, notably in election processes. This study examines 10,000 tweets on the 2022 Philippine presidential election, gathered during the key week of May 9–13, 2022, to show Twitter's influence in molding the public conversation. The study found the most popular hashtags, including #halalan2022 and #eleksyon2022, highlighting their importance in the digital discussion around the election. A thorough social network study established eight key communities, demonstrating a strong connection among Filipino netizens during election-related debates. Among these, noteworthy people such as @RexelBartolome and @daywreckoning, as well as the news site @ABSCBNEWS, emerged as essential nodes, demonstrating their influence in information dissemination. Sentiment analysis of the tweets revealed a mostly neutral public mood toward the election, with frequent phrases such as "martial law" and "never again" indicating the discourse's underlying themes. This study examines Twitter as a valuable instrument for political analysis and advocates for a more sophisticated method of picking tweets that truly reflect community attitudes. Future studies should look beyond pre-election times to provide a complete picture of online debate, using Twitter's API for easy data gathering and analysis. This study closes a fundamental gap in understanding social media dynamics in the Philippines, providing insights for academic and practical applications in political communication.
Restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms by Iraq's cabinet government in handling Covid-19
Authors: Mohsin Zahraa Abdulalhafudh
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the constitutional legitimacy of the measures enacted by Tthe Iraqi government to prevent the COVID-19 spreading, which restricted the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Iraqi Constitution 2005. even though the epidemic is a health emergency, the House of Representatives has not declared an emergency state, as the Cabinet resorted to taking preventive measurement to curb the crisis spreading, that restricted constitutional freedoms and rights even though the Iraqi constitution explicitly states that the rights and freedoms cannot be restricted except by law or based on it,  however, this restriction was governed by administrative orders issued by a committee establish by council of ministers under  Diwani Order 55 of 2020, headed by the minister of health,  which  amended then to become headed by the prime minister, for that purpose we have followed the analytical approach to assess the decisions taken by this committee through interpreting constitutional and legal texts and examining many of their restrictive resolutions imposed for demonstrating its legitimacy or illegitimacy and through this analysis we concluded that the majority of its decision on rights and freedoms under the pretext to preventspread  of Covid-19 unconstitution even though the epidemi was serious it cannot be justified  for violating democratic values.
Indonesian mental revolution movement as a key-drive for accelerating the quality of public services: from idea to implementation
Authors: Pandiangan Freddy , Ningrum Sinta , Karlina Nina , Mulyawan Rahman , Madani Muhlis , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This research aims to find out the implementation of a mental revolution that encourages  the acceleration of innovation and digitalization of public services through the implementation of e-government to build a clean, effective, democratic and trusted government.  The research design uses descriptive qualitative research by analyzing policy documents. This article examines the evolution of public service innovation policies in Indonesia related to the mental revolution initiative. The documents reviewed are laws, government regulations, ministerial regulations, and policy documents related to public service innovation and transformation, as well as e-government from January 2014 to May 2024. The results showed that since the launch of the National Movement for Mental Revolution, through the Indonesia Serves program, there has been an acceleration of the process of developing public service digitization innovations. This initiative encourages the acceleration of changes in the quality of public services by accelerating changes in the mindset, attitudes, and behavior of state civil apparatus to produce service innovations that improve the quality of public services. The acceleration of innovation development through e-government and public service digitalization can be realized with budget support, human resource readiness, sustainable policy commitment, and strong leadership in supporting the sustainability of holistic public service innovation.
Controlling and planning cash flows at the enterprise
Authors: Lytvynchuk Iryna , Sahanets Igor , Horievoi Andriy , Manzhula Vladyslav
Published: November 2024

In today's market economy, effective cash flow management is important for ensuring the stability andcompetitiveness of an enterprise. Financial controlling, as a key component of the overall strategic management system,plays an important role in optimizing cash flows, monitoring resource attraction and risk management. It includes thedevelopment and implementation of a cash management policy, the use of analytical tools to forecast and assess financialrisks, and the development of strategies to minimize the negative impact of various factors. Financial controlling helpscompanies to ensure effective operation in difficult conditions, such as in a state of war or unstable market conditions, byresponding quickly to changes in the external environment. The controlling system includes not only monitoring expensesand income, but also developing and implementing strategies to optimize resources and maintain the company's financialstability. Operational financial controlling, which focuses on internal data, is a key tool for responding quickly to changesin the financial condition of the company. Methodological tools such as direct-costing, break-even point, ABC analysis,functional cost analysis, SWOT analysis, benchmarking and portfolio analysis help to identify and correct deviations fromtargets, increase cost efficiency and improve the financial stability of the company. Implementation of a financialcontrolling system not only improves financial transparency but also strengthens the confidence of investors and creditors,as well as maintains the company's stable development in a competitive market. Thus, financial controlling is an integralpart of effective financial resources management, which allows companies to achieve short-term and long-term financialgoals, maintain competitiveness and ensure sustainable development in the market.
Financing Startups and Their Role in a Company's Competitive Strategy
Authors: Khomenko Hanna , Bashota Artem , Bashota Dmytro , Turchynyak Ivan
Published: November 2024

The article examines startup financing as a crucial factor in shaping a company’s competitive strategy. Startups are key elements of innovative development, helping companies adapt to rapid market changes by providing them with new technologies and business models. Various mechanisms for financing startups are explored, including venture capital funds, business angels, crowdfunding, incubators, and accelerators, with a focus on how these instruments support startups at different stages of their lifecycle-from pre-seed financing to scaling and market entry. The study highlights the role of startups in companies’ competitive strategies, particularly within the framework of differentiation and focus strategies. Funding innovative startups allows companies to gain access to unique solutions that significantly enhance their competitive market position. For example, companies such as L'Oréal and Google have utilized investments in startups like ModiFace and YouTube, respectively, to expand their market presence and create new products that have become the foundation of their success. An important component of the research is that investing in startups enables companies to diversify their activities, reduce risks, accelerate adaptation to new market conditions, and maintain flexibility. Startup financing, especially in the Ukrainian context, where the startup ecosystem is rapidly evolving, represents a promising direction for company development. Future research prospects lie in a detailed study of risk management models related to startup financing, as well as in analyzing successful examples of large companies’ interaction with startups. Additionally, it is crucial to examine the impact of government support and international investments on the development of the startup ecosystem in Ukraine.
Effective financial management in conditions of decentralization
Authors: Hordyskyi Mykola , Zborovskyi Mykyta , Kamniev Oleg , Pidhorniy Yaroslav
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of decentralization's role in improving public finance management. Theprocess of decentralization, which involves the transfer of powers and responsibilities from central to local authorities, is aglobal trend aimed at improving governance, public service delivery, and local economic development by bringing thedecision-making process closer to communities. The article emphasizes that effective financial management, includingbudgeting, debt management, revenue generation, and transparent reporting, enables local governments to meetcommunity needs, maintain fiscal stability, and ensure accountability. The article examines vital legislative reforms inUkraine that have expanded the powers of local authorities, giving them greater control over budgets, taxes, and financialresources. Although decentralization offers significant opportunities, the study identifies challenges such as regionaldisparities, administrative constraints, and conflicts between central and local governments. Potential challenges confirmthe importance of institutional frameworks, financial resources, technological integration, and citizen participation toensure a successful decentralization process. Thanks to reliable financial practices and transparent management, localauthorities can improve the quality of public services and contribute to the state's economic growth and sustainabledevelopment.
Magdeburg Law as a Factor in the Formation of Democratic Principles in the Ukrainian Political Tradition
Authors: Hordiichuk Olga , Kondratiuk Yulia
Published: November 2024

Magdeburg law, which began to be introduced in the Ukrainian lands in the fifteenth century, became one of the important tools for the formation of local government and the legal system in the future. In this aspect, it was not an absolute novelty for the local population, but was a logical continuation of the political tradition of the viche system that existed in the times of Kievan Rus and in the democratic policy of the Lithuanian princes who consolidated their power in Ukraine in the fourteenth century. Based on the collected materials, the origin, implementation and functioning of the Magdeburg Law in Ukraine, substantiates the similarity of democratic principles in the European and Ukrainian political mentality, and demonstrates the integration of the national political tradition into pan-European processes are analyzed. A comparative analysis with the Muscovy, where such innovations did not take root, shows how different the cultural and political traditions of Ukrainians and Russians are, which is one of a number of factors that debunk the myth of the so-called “brotherly peoples”.
RESOLUÇÃO EXTRAJUDICIAL DE CONFLITOS SOCIETÁRIOS: O PAPEL DAS DEADLOCK CLAUSES
Authors: Finotti Bruno Queiroz de Vasconcelos , Hemmer Diogo Augusto Debs , Ferreira Ricardo Padovini Pleti , Oliveira João Pedro Leite
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa as cláusulas de compra e venda forçada de quotas como forma de resolver conflitos societários contratualmente, sem a necessidade de intervenção do judiciário ou da arbitragem, o que diminui custos, tempo e consequentemente, reforça o princípio da preservação da empresa.
A pesquisa é voltada para sociedades limitadas compostas por dois sócios com quantidade igualitária de quotas, pois, essa formação é propícia para o surgimento de conflitos que dificilmente são resolvidos extrajudicialmente, o que justifica a utilização das cláusulas de compra e venda forçada para a exclusão de um deles. Além disso, por se tratar de sociedade intuitu personae no decorrer da pesquisa são analisados os efeitos dessas disposições perante a affectio societatis, e demonstrado que sua utilização serve na verdade para reforçar o vínculo dos sócios, ao manter a relações pessoais intocadas.
Diante disso, conclui-se com a pesquisa que, a compra e venda forçada de quotas é mecanismo eficaz para a solução de desavenças societárias, e garante a fixação de valores justos pela operação, sendo importante ainda para a preservação da empresa, que se trata de princípio basilar do direito empresarial.
Penggerusan Sedimen di Dasar Sungai Bagian Hilir Kolam Olak Suatu Bendung Tertentu
Authors: Christine Maria , Tallar Robby Yussac
Published: November 2024

Dalam perencanaan suatu bangunan air seperti bendung, diperlukan penelitian terlebih dahulu mengenai masalah penggerusan lokal ( local scouring ) yang terjadi pada bagian hilir bangunan tersebut. Masalah gerusan lokal terjadi sebagai akibat dari kecepatan air dan turbulensi yang melampaui daya tahan dari material dasar saluran atau sungai. Pada penelitian kali ini, digunakan saluran berbentuk persegi dengan ukuran dan kemiringan dasar tertentu untuk mencari kedalaman gerusan lokal beserta volume kering sedimen yang terbawa.
Melalui 6 kali percobaan dengan merata-ratakan debit pada 2 alat ukur debit yang dipakai, didapat gerusan lokal terdalam yang terjadi sebesar 3.8 cm; 4 cm; 4.3 cm; 4.5 cm, 4.8 cm; 5.1 cm dan volume kering sedimen yang terbawa sebesar 8305 cm3; 12915 cm3; 18505.71 cm3; 23331.43 cm3; 28760 cm3, 29960.71 cm3.
Pada penelitian kali ini dapat disimpulkan kalau rumus Lacey yang paling mendekati hasil laboratorium setelah mencapai keseimbangan. Besarnya volume sedimen yang terbawa, sangat dipengaruhi oleh diameter butir sedimen, debit aliran, kecepatan aliran dan kemiringan saluran. Semakin besar debit yang mengalir, pada waktu tertentu akan menghasilkan penggerusan yang konstan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya keseimbangan yang telah tercapai. Semakin dalam gerusan lokal yang terjadi maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak pula volume sedimen yang terbawa di bagian hilir bendung.
Pemberdayaan Generasi Muda Melalui Produksi Kerajinan Tangan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Yusniar Yusniar , Sari Cut Putri Mellita , Heriyana Heriyana , Yunina Yunina
Published: November 2024

Program ini bertujuan untuk melestarikan warisan budaya sekaligus mengembangkan kreativitas dengan mendorong generasi muda, terutama mahasiswa, untuk membuat kerajinan tangan yang berbasis kearifan lokal. Program ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mahasiswa akan nilai-nilai budaya lokal dan memberikan mereka keterampilan praktis yang dapat membantu ekonomi kreatif. Pemberdayaan ini melibatkan instruksi tentang teknik kerajinan tangan tradisional seperti batik, anyaman, dan ukiran kayu, dikombinasikan dengan penggunaan bahan daur ulang seperti botol bekas. Dalam program ini, siswa diminta untuk menemukan dan memanfaatkan potensi lokal di lingkungan mereka. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa dalam pembuatan kerajinan tangan yang memiliki nilai budaya dan estetika telah meningkat sebagai hasil dari program ini. Program ini juga berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran siswa akan pentingnya memanfaatkan limbah dan bahan daur ulang untuk menjaga lingkungan. Mahasiswa tidak hanya memperoleh pengetahuan tentang metode pembuatan, tetapi mereka juga memperoleh pemahaman tentang bagaimana menggabungkan nilai-nilai lokal ke dalam produk mereka untuk membuatnya lebih menarik bagi konsumen. Mengembangkan usaha kecil berbasis kerajinan tangan, yang dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan tambahan, adalah kemampuan yang dibantu oleh program ini. Di tengah arus modernisasi, pemberdayaan melalui pembuatan kerajinan tangan ini juga memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga tradisi dan identitas budaya lokal. Program ini juga meningkatkan ekonomi lokal melalui kolaborasi kampus, komunitas lokal, dan mahasiswa. Berdasarkan evaluasi program ini, ditemukan bahwa menggunakan pendekatan kearifan lokal dalam kegiatan produksi kerajinan tangan dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan kreatif budaya dan ekonomi. Agar memiliki dampak yang lebih luas, program ini disarankan untuk berkembang lebih lanjut dengan bekerja sama dengan pemerintah daerah dan pelaku industri kreatif. Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan Generasi Muda, Kerajinan Tangan, Kearifan Lokal
Pemberdayaan SDM melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dan Pestisida Alami dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Rumahtangga
Authors: Jummaini Jummaini , Nurlela Nurlela , Nurmala Nurmala , Sullaida Sullaida , Fridayanti Nelly , Syamni Ghazali
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAKPengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan sisa sayuran dan puntung rokok menjadi produk yang bernilai guna, selain itu dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di gampong keude bungkaih kabupaten aceh utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metode pelatihan terbimbing, metode diskusi grup, ceramah, partisipatif, dan latihan. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini membutuhkan beberapa tahapan yakni permentasi sisa sayuran, menjelaskan manfaat dan menyampaikan materi pengolahan sisa sayuran dan puntung rokok, setelah itu kemudian dilakukan praktek pembuatan pupuk organic cair dari sisa sayuran (limbah rumah tangga) dan juga membuat pestisida alami menggunakan puntung rokok. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan limbah organik/anorganik dari limbah rumah tangga menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai ekonomis. Kegiatan pengabdian ini selain dibuat dalam suatu bentuk laporan mandiri yang tidak dipublikasikan juga ditulis kembali dalam bentuk jurnal pengabdian yang dipublikasikan sehingga dapat memberikan manfaat pengetahuan bagi masyarakat luas dalam mengelola limbah rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Limbah Rumah Tangga, Pupuk Organik Cair, Pestisida Alami, Pemberdayaan
Pelatihan Pengembangan Usaha Badan Usaha Milik Desa Gampong Lancok, Kecamatan Syamtilira Bayu Kebupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Asnawi Asnawi , Bachri Naufal , Ahyar Juni , Roni Muhammad
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAKKegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan untuk mengembangkan usaha yang dikelola oleh Badan Usaha Milik Gampong sesuai dengan potensi ekonomi gampong pesisir. Metode pelatihan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM), adalah ; (1) Wawancara awal untuk mengidentifikasi peserta pelatihan; (2) Persuasif, yaitu pendekatan yang bersifat himbuan dan dukungan tanpa unsur paksanaan; (3) metode kuliah, dan; (4) tanya jawab dalam bentuk diskusi. Sedangkan peserta pelatihan PKM adalah aparatur Gampong Lancok yang berjumlah sebanyak 17 orang aparatur gampong yang juga sebagai sebahagian besar sebagai pengurus Badan Usaha Milik Desa gampong Lancok. Presentasi pemaparan materi oleh tim PKM dan melalui tanya jawab untuk membekali peserta agar mampu memilih usaha sesuai dengan potensi ekonomi gampong. Potensi ekonomi gampong untuk dikembangkan menjadi usaha utama yang digerakan oleh badan usaha milik gampong. Tim PKM juga menjelaskan melalui pelatihan tantangan dalam membangun usaha oleh Badan Usaha Milik Desa gampong Lancok dan jalan keluar untuk mengatasinya. Kata Kunci : Badan Usaha Milik Desa, Potensi ekonomi, Tantangan usaha
Pendampingan Pembuatan Logo Dan Inovasi Kemasan Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Jual Produk UMKM Di Desa Paya Bili
Authors: Aula Rahmiatul , Maulida Intan , Raudhatinur Raudhatinur , Anora Ayu , Mustika Venna Maulida
Published: November 2024

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nilai jual produk UMKM yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat desa Paya Bili. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan nilai jual produk melalui pelatihan pendampingan pembuatan logo dan inovasi kemasan produk yang akan dapat menarik minat pembeli dalam memilih produk. Adapun sasaran kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah pelaku usaha UMKM yang ada di desa Paya Bili. Pelatihan pembuatan logoo dan inovasi kemasan ini diselenggarakan di balai desa Gampong Paya Bili Kecamatan Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan yaitu pemaparan materi, pelatihan (praktik), pendampingan, dan evaluasi. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini diharapkan para pelaku UMKM desa Paya Bili mempunyai pemahaman dan pengetahuan dalam membuat logo dan inovasi kemasan sehingga akan meminimalisir biaya jasa pembuatan logo dan kemasan tanpa harus menggunakan jasa percetakan dan mampu meningkatkan nilai jual dengan logo dan inovasi kemasan dan dapat bersaing dengan produk-produk yang serupa dipasar.
ROLE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Nath Hemanta
Published: November 2024

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector has been recognized as engine of growth all over the world. To foster economic development, generation of jobs, reduction in poverty and promotion of equality, the role of micro, small and medium  enterprises (MSMEs) becomes crucial in every economy of the world. The MSME sector encourages equitable distribution and inclusive growth as an engine of economic progress. MSMEs have the highest employment growth rate, which has a positive impact on export and industrial growth. The primary objective of this article is to analyse MSMEs performance and their contribution to Indian economy.
Exploring Soil Biota and Chemical Dynamics in Palm Oil Cultivation: Insights from Cikabayan, Bogor
Authors: Adiyaksa Ivan Khofian , Widyastuti Rahayu , Putri Wulandari Dwi , A M Zuhud Ervizal
Published: November 2024

Soil biological properties sometimes escape attention from environmental studies, especially regarding land use change. Several studies on diversity have been conducted in palm oil. However, most of the studies only focus on certain genera or order and have not yet depicted the micro-ecosystem in the soil. This study aims to analyze the interaction between soil biological properties and soil chemical properties through a correlation study using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to simplify the system in the micro-ecosystem. The result showed that most soil microbe parameters have complex and different interactions with soil chemical properties. Soil biological properties, such as the total microbes (TM) and Azotobacter (Az), significantly correlated toward phosphate and potassium, respectively. Furthermore, mesofauna and macrofauna have a negative and weak correlation with pH and a negative and moderate correlation towards Phosphate (P) content in the soil. This negative and moderate correlation strength happened due to increased soil acidity, leading to a higher chance of H2PO4- interacting with metal ions, resulting in a high risk of toxicity. Soil chemical properties have complex interactions with soil biological properties, and each will affect the others to balance the chemical cycling in the soil. Thus, this study showed the importance of preserving the natural balance of cultivated areas, in this case, palm oil plantations, so that the well-preserved ecosystem will give its benefits.
PELATIHAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PELAPORAN PERPAJAKAN UMKM ANGGOTA KOPERASI CU PRIMA DANARTA
Authors: Wibowo Vivian Angelina Soegiharto , Wardani Rr. Puruwita , Hartanto Susanna , Sabatini Ester
Published: November 2024

Usaha mikro, kecil, menengah merupakan usaha yang dapat mendorong perekonomian negara dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dan mengurangi kemiskinan. Peran yang sangat penting membuat UMKM diharapkan dapat bertahan hidup lebih lama, namun kenyataannya, terdapat kendala yang dapat mengancam kehidupan UMKM, antara lain keuangan. Masalah keuangan yang minim bagi UMKM, memaksa pelakunya untuk pandai mengelola keuangan. Pengelolaan keuangan dapat dimulai dari penentuan harga pokok produksi seperti alokasi biaya yang tidak boleh salah karena jika terjadi kesalahan, maka dampaknya akan terasa hingga pemerolehan laba. Selain itu, kewajiban kepada negara juga tidak boleh luput yaitu pelaporan perpajakan atas usahanya. Kegiatan diawali dengan metode ceramah, diskusi, dan praktik mengenai penentuan harga pokok produksi serta penghitungan perpajakan untuk UMKM. Pelatihan ini ditujukan agar pengetahuan pelaku UMKM terkait penentuan harga pokok produksi dan perpajakan dapat meningkat dan mengurangi adanya kesalahan. Pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan ini dilaksanakan secara offline dengan subyek pelaku UMKM yang merupakan anggota CU Prima Danarta. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta pelatihan yang diketahui dari peningkatan kebenaran jawaban atas pre-test dan post-test yang dilaksanakan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, yang dapat diterapkan dalam bisnis usahanya.
LITERASI MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA PUSPA SARI SEDANA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Susi Retna , Muhsyaf Saipul Arni , Ramadhani Rahmi Sri , Husnaini Wahidatul
Published: November 2024

Koperasi sebagai badan usaha menghadapi berbagai risiko, terutama dalam kegiatan simpan pinjam. Risiko kredit menjadi salah satu risiko utama yang perlu dikelola dengan baik agar koperasi tetap stabil dan likuid. Manajemen risiko sangat penting untuk meminimalkan potensi kerugian. KSU Puspa Sari Sedana yang beralamatkan di Jalan Tuan Guru Bangkol No.07 Pagesangan, Mataram, NTB, telah memiliki struktur organisasi yang lengkap dan komitmen dari pengelolanya, namun masih terdapat kekurangan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman mereka mengenai manajemen risiko. Tanpa pengetahuan yang memadai tentang manajemen risiko, koperasi berisiko mengalami kesulitan dalam mengelola aset, likuiditas, dan menghadapi potensi kerugian yang tidak terduga, yang pada akhirnya dapat menghambat perkembangan koperasi. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan literasi manajemen risiko kepada pengelola KSU Puspa Sari Sedana, serta membantu mereka mengidentifikasi, menilai, dan mengelola risiko koperasi secara lebih baik. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan  dilakukan dengan metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD), yang dihadiri oleh pengurus sebanyak 7 orang dan pegawai sebanyak 3 orang. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24 Agustus 2024 bertempat di kantor koperasi KSU Puspa Sari Sedana. Melalui kegiatan ini, pengelola koperasi diperkenalkan tentang konsep dasar manajemen risiko, termasuk identifikasi, penilaian, dan strategi mitigasi risiko. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelola koperasi mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik terhadap konsep dasar manajemen risiko. Mereka menjadi sadar risiko dan memahami tentang berbagai jenis risiko yang dihadapi koperasi, seperti risiko kredit, risiko likuiditas, risiko operasional dan risiko reputasi. Namun demikian dari sisi teknik identifikasi dan penilaian risiko, masih memerlukan pendampingan lebih lanjut.
Uji Kemempanan Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Penutup Tanah Famili Fabaceae terhadap Populasi dan Pertumbuhan Gulma pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: I Ketut Ngawit  , Nihla Farida  , Insanul Kamil
Published: November 2024

Belum ditemukan jenis tanaman penutup tanah yang efektif menekan populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma, dan juga tidak menimbulkan saingan terhadap tanaman jagung. Oleh karena itu maka telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang tujuan utamanya untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenis tanaman fabaceae sebagai tanaman penutup tanah terhadap populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman jagung. Sehingga dapat ditentukan jenis tanaman fabaceae, yang paling sesuai ditumpangsarikan dengan jagung di lahan kering. Penelitian dirancang dengan perlakuan faktor tunggal yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 blok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tanaman jagung monocrop bebas gulma dan dibiarkan bergulma selama tumbuhnya, tanaman jagung dengan tanaman penutup tanah kedelai, kacang tanah, kacang hijau, kacang merah, kacang ucu dan kacang tunggak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi biomas tanaman, biomas gulma, bobot pipilan kering jagung dan populasi tanaman 5 petak sampel-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kacang hijau dan kacang tunggak sangat cocok digunakan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah  karena sangat efektif menekan populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma dan tidak berkompetisi dengan tanaman jagung. Kedelai sebagai tanaman penutup tanah efektif menekan populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman jagungn akan tetapi daunnya mudah gugur dan berkompetisi dengan tanaman untuk mendapatkan sarana tumbuhn sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jagung mencapai 14,25%. Kacang merah dan kacang ucu, tidak cocok digunakan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah karena tidakefektif menekan populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma, sehingga kehilangan hasil jagung akibat kompetisi gulma mencapai 42,28% - 46,14% dan juga berkompetisi kuat dengan tanaman jagung sehinga menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jagung mencapai 18,74% - 36,18%.
Keanekaragaman Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Perkebunan Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora.) di Desa Karang Sidemen Kecamatan Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Baiq Mona Kotma Chantika  , M. Taufik Fauzi  , Irwan Muthahanas  , Amrul Jihadi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman hama dan musuh alami pada perkebunan kopi robusta (Coffea canephora.) di Desa Karang Sidemen, Kecamatan Batukliang Utara, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, NTB. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik observasi langsung di lapangan dan mengkoleksi spesimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Juli 2024 pada dua lahan perkebunan kopi robusta milik Kelompok Tani Hutan Semilir Desa Karang Sidemen, Kecamatan Batukliang Utara, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, NTB dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mataram. Rancangan percobaan dengan sampel acak terpilih (systematic random sampling). Penentuan unit sampel dilakukan dengan cara menarik garis diagonal pada tanaman untuk menentukan titik sampel tanaman. Pada lokasi pengamatan diletakan 10 perangkap mangkok kuning (Yellow pan trap) dan perangkap jatuh (pitfall trap), sehingga terdapat 20 perangkap yang dipasang pada lokasi dan dipasang dua hari sebelum dilakukan pengamatan. Selain itu dilakukan pengamatan langsung dengan cara mengambil serangga yang terdapat pada tanaman sampel. Hasil penelitian pada kedua lokasi menunjukan bahwa ditemukan serangga yang termasuk kedalam 65 genus, 50 famili dan 14 ordo yang terbagi menjadi 28 genus hama, 17 genus predator, 15 genus parasitoid, 3 genus pengurai dan 2 genus penyerbuk. Indeks keragaman dan dominansi yang didapat pada kedua lokasi dikategorikan sedang.