bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Learning Tools for Remote Learning Before and After Movement Control Order in Tamhidi Centre, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, USIM
Authors: Mat Siti Rubaini , Sulaiman Shahirah , Md Din Junaidah , Mohamad Nurul Khadijah , Mohd Noor Latipah , Arifin Afif , Abdul Rahman Mohamad Hazwan , Mohd Sabri Mohd Naser
Published: January 2022

Tamhidi Centre has been using online tools for learning in past years. The atmosphere of virtual world that is connected online has influenced academia in teaching and learning sessions. Before the Movement Control Order (MCO), blended learning has been carried out for all subjects taught in Tamhidi using Global Open Access Learning System (GOALS) as learning management system provided by USIM. Due to the pandemic outbreak, Tamhidi Centre has faced a challenging time because the semester is already at the final semester for the cohort 2019/2020. During the MCO 1.0, while students were at home, classes were conducted fully online. The final exams was also done online via GOALS. Then, coming the next cohort, for the first time in history, orientation was held online, and students came to campus in an arranged time within the period of seven days. Without having new staff intake, the grouping of students now is increased from 25 students per group to 45 students. Initially, classes are conducted online, both synchronous and asynchronously. All students are involved in this kind of approach, but for science stream students; biology, physics dan chemistry experiments still need to do face to face sessions in the laboratory. This paper will document the experience of several Tamhidi in using online tools before the MCO, during MCO, and after the MCO 1.0 days are over.
Gig Workers: The New Employment Form in the New Economy
Authors: Ahmad Nursilah
Published: January 2022

Gig workers are part-time workers or freelancers offering their jobs and services via platform economy. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the plight of gig workers, in which in most cases, they do not receive similar benefits and perks associated with permanent jobs. This study explores the future direction of the gig economy in Malaysia. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 200 respondents from Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia in August 2020 based on purposive sampling. The results suggest that most of the respondents have at one point, during the movement control order (MCO), involved in gig jobs such as dropship, courier services, and food delivery. They feel that gig jobs have a good prospect and contribution to the economy. For the employers, benefits such as social security contributions and medical benefits received by permanent staff should be made available for gig workers subject to negotiated terms. For gig workers, they need to continue the process of upskilling and reskilling to remain competitive in the job market. Policymakers may utilize the information of the market structure and demand for the gig jobs labor market and devise appropriate strategies to support the gig economy as a new source of growth.
The Practices of Takaful al-Ijtimai’ during COVID-19: Malaysia’s Setting
Authors: Abu Seman Junaidah , Sabri Hisham , Wan Mohamad Nazarie Wan Nur Fazni , Othman Nur Adilah
Published: January 2022

Every aspect of human life is inherently risky. The fatal infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been considered a black swan event and compared to the economic scene of World War Two. The concept and practices of takaful al-ijtimai’ or social security are pertinent area to be discussed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic recovery mission because its meaning and applications are much wider; encompasses both financial and non-financial assistance and is not limited by the country's regulations. Using secondary data, this study will examine the concept and scopes of takaful al-ijtimai’, from an Islamic perspective, as well as provide the current state of the art in its application during the COVID-19 epidemic in Malaysia. The study is intended to contribute to an understanding and promotion of the concept of takaful al-ijtimai’ as an important tool for achieving maqasid shariah and sustainable development goals.
التوليد اللّغويّ للمصطلحات العربيّة العلميّة ذات الصلة بجائحة كوفيد-19 وقيمها الأخلاقيّة في الإعلام العربيّ بماليزيا
Authors: Mohd Nizwan Musling
Published: January 2022

The world is witnessing the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in various aspects. However, the linguistic element indicates that this pandemic has produced many new linguistic uses, including Arabic scientific terms. Therefore, the study aims to explore the Arabic terms formation and their circulation in the media discourse in Malaysia in this pandemic era. The study uses the descriptive-analytical method, taking the Aswaq magazine as a sample since it is a primary source for Malaysia's daily news written in Arabic. The objective is to track what is used of scientific terms related to this pandemic in the magazine, to identify the linguistic means that are used in transferring these terms from the source language to the target language, to reveal the relationship between the scientific concept and the linguistic term that is expressed in the context and to examine the possibility of a duality problem. The research concluded that the most prominent scientific Arabic terms of Covid-19 in circulation in Malaysia is Al-Ighlaq Al-Tamm, Qarar Taqyid Al-Harakah, Qanun Al-Wiqayah wa Al-Tahakkum bil Amradh Al-Ma'diyyah 1988, Qanun Al-Syurtah 1967, Al-Hajr Al-Sihhiy, Al-Tabau'd Al-Ijtimaie, and Qina' Al-Wajh. These terms are done through translation that maintains the relationship between the linguistic connotation of the term and its scientific concept, except for the term Al-Tabau'd Al-Ijtimaie (Social Distancing), as it was replaced by another term, which is Al-Tabau'd Al-Jasadiy (Physical Distancing) as stipulated by the World Health Organization because the first term leads to a misunderstanding and interpretation of changing the form of negative relationships between people.
Візія літературного дискурсу (від доби монументалі-зму до романтизму)
Authors:   Східноукраїнський національний університет імені Володимира Даля, Бондаренко Галина , Пустовіт Валерія ,   Східноукраїнський національний університет імені Володимира Даля
Published: January 2022

Посібник укладено згідно з робочими навчальними програмами з історії української літератури для студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей. Запропонований посібник має на меті допомогти здобувачам вищої освіти поглибити й закріпити теоретичні відомості, виробити навички самостійного опрацювання літератури та вміння узагальнювати і робити висновки. Оригінальність і новизна змісту і структури посібника допоможе осягнути складний і неоднорідний розвиток національної історії літератури й культури.
Evaluation of Biological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.: In vivo Studies using Swiss Albino Mice Model
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Alam Safaet , Saha Tanoy , Akter Faija , Hasnat Hasin , Zaman Anika , Ghosh Sagar , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: January 2022

Leaves of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. are very popular traditional remedies used by tribal people of Bangladesh near to Sundarbans. The purpose of this work was to assess the pharmacological attributes of methanolic extract of leaves of B. gymnorrhiza employing mice model. Using the well-known tail tipping method, the in vivo glucose-lowering ability of methanolic extract of leaves of B. gymnorrhiza was investigated. The writhing experiment was performed to determine peripheral analgesic activity. The anti-diarrheal activity was determined utilizing the castor oil-induced diarrhea in the mice model. In consequence, oral treatment of the extract at 400 mg/kg b.w. dose caused significant suppression of acetic acid-induced writhing (58.33%). The findings were comparable to the corresponding standard diclofenac (50 mg/kg b.w.) that exhibited 86.67% inhibition of abdominal writhing. Besides, after 180 min of oral ingestion (400 mg/kg) of the extract, the maximum reduction in blood glucose (38.46%) was found, compared to standard glibenclamide (73.67%). Furthermore, when compared to conventional loperamide (65.06%), there was a 40.02% reduction in diarrheal feces at 400 mg/kg b.w. dose. The methanolic extract of leaves of B. gymnorrhiza has strong peripheral analgesic and anti-diarrheal efficacy, as well as modest glucose-lowering effect, according to these in vivo bioassays. Further studies are still recommended to isolate bioactive molecules in order to develop novel drug moieties.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(1): 26-31, 2022 (January)
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Bile of Bangladeshi Labeo rohita on Streptozotocin (STZ) - Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ahamed Ridoy , Shanta Afifa Parvin , Bulbul Israt Jahan , Rahman Tanim Md Mahbubur , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: January 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most commonly diagnosed condition all over the world. Fish is a typical delicacy and one of the most nutritious foods available. Fresh fish bile, according to various indigenous healthcare professionals in Bangladesh, has anti-diabetic effects and its importance in the treatment or management of diabetes and cardiovascular illnesses has also been documented in few recent studies. The goal of this work was to test the hypoglycemic potential of Labeo rohita bile content in order to objectively validate this folklore claim. In this study, in-vivo investigation of the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of L. rohita bile was performed against a streptozotocininduced diabetic rat model. Rats were given bile extract at doses of 0.08 ml/kg body weight and 0.16 ml/kg body weight for one week. Here, metformin HCl (100 mg/kg body weight) was used as reference standard. Both the doses of bile extract exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect (p<0.05) compared to control as well as untreated diabetic control rats. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were also investigated from blood samples followed by 7 days of therapy. The results revealed that both doses of L. rohita bile bear a significant hypolipidemic effect. This study could be beneficial in diabetic and hyperlipidemia conditions.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(1): 32-37, 2022 (January)
A Cross-sectional Study on Breast Cancer among the Bangladeshi Female Population
Authors: Nasrin Faria , Islam Muhammad Rashedul , Mamun Md Elias Al
Published: January 2022

The goal of the study was to analyze Bangladeshi women's knowledge of breast cancer and attitudes toward breast self-examination (BSE) practice along with the participants' trust in the breast cancer treatment facility in Bangladesh. The cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July of 2021 among 268 Bangladeshi women over the age of 15 through Google form-based questionnaire who were asked 18 questions about breast cancer. The acquired data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Excel. The 88% of those surveyed had heard of breast cancer, and 63.4% were aware of its symptoms. Participants' overall knowledge of breast cancer was not satisfactory, with a mean knowledge score of 3.53 on a scale of 0 to 6, and 40.3% fell into the "good knowledge" category. Age, education, residence, and a family history of breast cancer were significant predictors of knowledge level. Only 53% had heard of BSE before, and only 29.5% admitted to being familiar with the BSE technique. Only 23.5% had previously conducted BSE. Only 11.2% of those polled had faith in Bangladesh's breast cancer treatment facilities. Based on the findings of this study, it can be assumed that the majority of women in Bangladesh have minimal understanding of breast cancer, the most common cancer among Bangladeshi women. It is high time to take the required steps to raise awareness about breast cancer and BSE. Furthermore, widespread access to mammograms, radiation, and oncology treatment should be ensured in an attempt to restore faith in healthcare facilities.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(1): 54-66, 2022 (January)
Covid and Clots in Veins: What’s Best to do
Authors: Rahman AKM Fazlur
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available

University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 1-2
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy Between Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Ahasan Mohammad Hasimul , Mahmood Manzoor , Adhikary Dipal Krishna , Ahsan Syed Ali , Ahmed Chaudhury Meshkat , Salim Md Abu , Ahmed Khurshed , Amin Md Rasul , Khaled Md Fakhrul Islam , Singha Chayan Kumar , Islam Rashedul , Ansari Sanjida , Biswas Sumon Kumar , Karna Rajon , Banerjee Sajal Krishna
Published: January 2022

Background: Thromboembolism is a major complication of atrial fibrillation. Vitamin K antagonist is the main oral anticoagulant which was used for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation for many years. New oral anticoagulant drugs are emerging as alternatives to warfarin for the prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare safety and efficacy of dabigatran and rivaroxaban for prevention of thromboembolism in tertiary level hospital.

Methodology: This Randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka. Patients were divided into two groups, in group A 37 patients were given dabigatran 110 mg twice daily and in group B 37 patients were given rivaroxaban 20 mg daily for 6 months duration. Data was collected according to the pre designed semistructured data collection sheet. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 for Windows Software.

Results: The mean CHADS2- VASC score (Risk of stroke) in rivaroxaban group and in dabigatran group was 3.95±1.37 and 3.74±1.42 respectively. There was no significant difference of CHADS2- VASC score between the two groups. Regarding outcome of 6th month follow up 2(5.4%) patients were lost to follow up in dabigatran group and 3(8.1%) in rivaroxaban group. Comparaing effectiveness and safety study we found that ischemic stroke rate with rivaroxaban group was higher than dabigatran group although statistically not significant. We also found higher bleeding rate in rivaroxaban group than dabigatran group although statistically not significant.

Conclusion: Dabigatran is a safe and effective anticoagulant same as rivaroxaban for prevention of thromboembolism in the treatment of non valvular atrial fibrillation.

University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 10-13
Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Rakibuzzaman AKM , Sazzad Faizus , Wadud Mohammad Armane , Gafur Md Abdul , Islam Shahnaz , Jahan Israt , Khan Md Azizul Islam , Sarker Rampada
Published: January 2022

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) often occurs in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), both conventional and off pump ranges from 11% to 40%. Although often transient, self-limited, and benign, it may be associated with increased postoperative morbidity. The prevention of POAF has been associated with improved postoperative outcomes in terms of reduced medical treatment, laboratory tests, shorter nursing time, and hospital stay, even when uncomplicated. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of omega polyunsaturated fatty acid on the prevention of POAF after off pump CABG.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, between September 2017 and August 2018. Total 100 patients with sinus rhythm admitted for OPCAB were included in this study, and they were divided into two groups, Group A, 50 patients having omega-3 PUFA in the preoperative and postoperative period up to the fifth postoperative day (POD) and Group B, 50 patients not having omega-3 PUFA in the preoperative and postoperative period up to the fifth POD. Findings were compared between two groups preoperatively, postoperatively, up to 5 days, at discharge, and at one month after discharge.

Results: Postoperative AF was significantly higher in group B in comparison to group A up to 5th POD. AF was present in a few patients during discharge and one month after discharge, but the differences were statistically not significant between groups. Total ICU stay was similar between the two groups, but the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in Group A, and the mean difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study concluded that perioperative oral omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 36-43
Association of Diabetic Retinopathy with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Amin Heru Al , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Ahsan Syed Ali , Dutta Bijoy , Hossain Mujtahid Mohammad , Alam Nur , Uddin Kofil , Saha Partha Pratim
Published: January 2022

Background: Bed side ophthalmoscopic examination is a simple measure of diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and has been shown to be a predictor of poor outcome in various cardiovascular conditions including coronary artery disease (CAD). Retinopathy lesions are fairly common findings in clinic settings and may predict risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study was intended to find the relationship between diabetic retinopathy with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 120 DM with NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiogram and also fundoscopic examination with fundal photography during the index hospitalization were included in this study. Study subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of diabetic retinopathy (Group-I: NSTEMI with diabetic retinopathy ; Group- II: NSTEMI without diabetic retinopathy). Severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score and correlation between diabetic retinopathy and Gensini score was assessed.

Results: Gensini score was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than that in patients without diabetic retinopathy (62.2±27.7 vs. 43.3±25.3,p<0.001).Gensini score increased with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy(P <0.001).The risk of having severe CAD in patient with diabetic retinopathy was 13.03 (95% CI =2.410-70.419) (P<0.003).A significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and Gensini score was noted (p value <0.001)

Conclusion: It may be concluded that presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy is associated with angiographically severe coronary artery disease in patient with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and it may be considered as an independent predictor of severity of CAD. As is a bed side assessment, so before performing coronary angiography ,it appears to be additive for risk stratification.

University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 50-53
Effect of Intravenous Fentanyl to Prevent Radial Artery Spasm During Trans Radial Intervention
Authors: Saha Partha Pratim , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Ahsan Syed Ali , Momen Abdul , Patwary Shafiqur Rahman , Alam Nur , Uddin Kofil , Sarkar Pritha , Amin Heru Al
Published: January 2022

Background: Radial artery spasm (RAS), one of the commonest complications in trans radial cardiac intervention, leads a variety range of adverse events. Different prevention strategies had been introduced and the use of sedation is one of them. Use of Fentanyl is common in cardiac interventions to achieve sedation and analgesia and also offers a potent vasodilatory effect. Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of fentanyl in the prevention of RAS in trans radial intervention.

Methods: This observational analytic study was conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) for a period of 1 year following approval of the protocol in the total of 260 patients who underwent coronary intervention through trans radial approach (Coronary Angiogram and or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). They were categorized in 2 group- group I patients received intravenous fentanyl and group II patients didn’t receive fentanyl. Besides this, each patient received all treatments according to standard protocol of NICVD. RAS was identified by subjective and objective evidence. Patient is discomfort was quantified with a visual analogue scale.

Results: The frequency of RAS was 17.70% in group I versus 30.80% in group II (p =0.014). Intravenous use of fentanyl significantly reduced radial artery spasm (p< 0.05). Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed use of fentanyl had lower odds to prevent radial artery spasm (odds ratio [OR]: 0.430, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.239 to 0.779). The number needed to treat to avoid 1 case of spasm was 8. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed use of fentanyl was the strong predictor of RAS ([OR]: 0.370; 95% [CI]: .195-.703) as well as use of reprocessed sheath, smoking, catheter diameter 6Fr and visual analogue scale (VAS) Score during cannulation became independent predictaor of RAS. Patient discomfort in VAS score was 4.75±2.70 in Group I versus 5.33±2.64 in group II (p< 0 .05).

Conclusion: In this study, use of fentanyl reduced the frequency of radial artery spasm and the procedure related level of patient discomfort.

University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 54-60
Influencia del aula invertida en la gestión pedagógica durante la educación a distancia
Authors: Quinto-Román Marino C.
Published: January 2022

El objetivo esencial de este estudio fue demostrar la incidencia del aula invertida en la gestión pedagógica del docente de la Institución Educativa Ramón Castilla del distrito Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, Perú, 2021, durante la educación remota. Investigación que responde a un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo experimental, diseño pre experimental. Los datos fueron presentados por medio de resultados descriptivos e inferenciales. Se tuvo como resultado principal que los docente, antes de aplicar el aula invertida, apreciaron su gestión pedagógica como regular (42,9%); luego de ser implementada, estimaron que como buena (61,9%) porque permitió diseñar las actividades de manera colaborativa. A raíz de ella, permitió concluir que el aula invertida incide de manera significativa en la gestión pedagógica durante una educación virtual.
Estimación del subregistro de casos de enfermedad por el virus Chikungunya, municipio de Melgar, Tolima, octubre 2014 a junio 2015
Authors: Martínez Durán Máncel Enrique , Cárdenas Jiménez Luz Nelly , Giraldo Parra Paola , López Daza Jorge , Neira Mora Astrid , Pinzón Durán Camilo , Páez Ramírez Elizabeth , Baracaldo Suarez Milena , Ortegón Rojas Sandra , Rodríguez Barroso Yenis , Urriago Santos Andrea , Villarreal López Gilma , Deantonio Martínez Sandra , Gómez Sara E. , Salas Daniela
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la fiebre chikunguña es una enfermedad ocasionada por infección con el virus Chikungunya, un alfavirus de la familia Togaviridae, transmitido por la picadura de mosquitos hembra Aedes aegypti o Aedes albopictus.
Objetivos: describir las características demográficas y sociales de los casos de chikunguña en la población urbana del municipio de Melgar (Tolima), estimar el subregistro de casos de chikunguña no consultantes, estimar el subregistro de casos no notificados de chikunguña que asistieron a consulta en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de Melgar (Tolima) diagnosticados como chikunguña y no notificados, estimar el subregistro de casos que asistieron a consulta en las Instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de Melgar (Tolima) y no fueron diagnosticados, describir las causas del subregistro estimado en la investigación, estimar la población infectada por chikunguña en Melgar (Tolima).
Metodología: se hizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo; la población en estudio fue la población urbana del municipio de Melgar, Tolima que en el año 2015 fue estimada en 29 809 habitantes según proyecciones del DANE. Se hizo un muestreo aleatorio simple con el total de las manzanas identificadas en el área urbana, con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %, un error aceptado del 5% y una probabilidad del 8%; se obtuvo una muestra de 113 manzanas para realizar la encuesta de la búsqueda activa comunitaria; se hizo búsqueda activa comunitaria y búsqueda activa institucional en las IPS.
Resultados: se encuestaron 792 viviendas en las que se registraron 2897 personas; la tasa de ataque registrada en la búsqueda activa comunitaria fue del 58,2 %; el sexo femenino aportó el 56,0 % de los casos; el 41,1 % de los casos registrados en la búsqueda activa comunitaria no consultaron principalmente por automedicación. En la búsqueda activa institucional, en los 1 476 pacientes que consultaron y se les hizo diagnóstico principal CIE-10 A920 (chikunguña), no fueron notificados al Sivigila el 58,8 %; en los 7 135 pacientes que consultaron y se les hizo otros diagnósticos que nos pueden llevar a cumplir definición de casos de chikunguña, no fueron notificados al Sivigila el 97,8 %; con los datos de las dos búsquedas activas, en Melgar la transmisión se inició la primera semana del 2015.
Conclusiones: los casos no notificados a nivel institucional con diagnóstico A920 (chikunguña) fueron el 68,8 %, los casos no notificados a nivel institucional con otros diagnósticos que nos pueden hacer cumplir la definición de caso para chikunguña fueron el 97,8 %.
Estimación del subregistro de casos de enfermedad por el virus de chikunguña en el municipio de El Espinal, Tolima, octubre de 2014 a junio de 2015
Authors: Martínez Durán Máncel Enrique , Díaz Julie , Gómez Natalia , López Byron , Rodríguez Ana , Montana Cristina , Martínez Sonia , Murcia Carolina , Rincón Diana , Parra Libia , Berrio Tulia , Garzón Jenny , Ortiz Laura , Garzón Erika , Landinez Yeni , Bocanegra Horta Diana
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la fiebre chikunguña es una enfermedad ocasionada por infección con el virus Chikungunya, un alfavirus de la familia Togaviridae, transmitido por la picadura de mosquitos hembra Aedes aegypti o Aedes albopictus
Objetivos: describir las características demográficas y sociales de los casos de chikunguña en la población urbana del municipio de El Espinal (Tolima), estimar el subregistro de casos de chikunguña no consultantes, estimar el subregistro de casos no notificados de chikunguña que asistieron a consulta en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de El Espinal (Tolima) diagnosticados como chikunguña y no notificados, estimar el subregistro de casos que asistieron a consulta en las Instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de El Espinal (Tolima) y no fueron diagnosticados, describir las causas del subregistro estimado en la investigación, estimar la población infectada por chikunguña en Melgar (Tolima).
Metodología: se hizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo; la población en estudio fue la población urbana del municipio de El Espinal, Tolima. Se hizo un muestreo aleatorio simple con el total de las manzanas identificadas en el área urbana, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, un error aceptado del 5% y una probabilidad del 8%; se obtuvo una muestra de 131 manzanas para realizar la encuesta de la búsqueda activa comunitaria; se hizo búsqueda activa comunitaria y búsqueda activa institucional en las IPS.
Resultados: se encuestaron 1 596 viviendas en las que se registraron 5 774 personas; la tasa de ataque registrada en la búsqueda activa comunitaria fue del 67,0 %; el sexo femenino aportó el 56,2% de los casos; el 46,6 % de los casos registrados en la búsqueda activa comunitaria no consultaron principalmente por automedicación. En la búsqueda activa institucional, en los 3 052 pacientes que consultaron y se les hizo diagnóstico principal CIE-10 A920 (chikunguña), no fueron notificados al Sivigila el 44,8 %; en los 3 872 pacientes que consultaron y se les hizo otros diagnósticos que nos pueden llevar a cumplir definición de casos de chikunguña, no fueron notificados al Sivigila el 94,7 %; en el hospital San Rafael de El Espinal, de los 3 052 casos notificados de manera colectiva, el 15,6 % no cumplían con la definición de caso de chikunguña; con los datos de las dos búsquedas activas, en El Espinal la transmisión se inició la semana 40 del 2014.
Conclusiones: los casos no notificados a nivel institucional con diagnóstico A920 (chikunguña) fueron el 44,8 %, los casos no notificados a nivel institucional con otros diagnósticos que nos pueden hacer cumplir la definición de caso para chikunguña fueron el 94,7 %.
Experiencia de implementación de la metodología “Muestreo de Aceptación de Lotes”para el control de calidad de baciloscopias de tuberculosis en Colombia durante el año 2014
Authors: Llerena Polo Claudia , Valbuena Angélica
Published: January 2022

ntroducción: La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa que en el año 2013 en Colombia afecto a 12.062 personas, la detección de casos se realiza por medio de la baciloscopia, la cual debe contar con un control de calidad que asegure un buen desempeño en los laboratorios que la realizan; la metodología recomendada por la OMS es “Muestreo de Aceptación de Lotes” o Lot Quality Assessment System (LQAs) por sus siglas en inglés. El objetivo de este boletín es analizar cómo va el proceso de implementación de esta metodología, las condiciones actuales de la red y posibles limitaciones que se han identificado.
Metodología: El LNR solicito a los LSPD en una base de datos la información de la red de laboratorios de los años 2010, 2012 y 2013 en la que se analizan los lineamientos para la implementación de la metodología de LQAs y la implementación en el país en el año 2014.
Resultados: De acuerdo con la información recolectada, para el año 2014, se identificó que de los 33 LSPD, 18(54,6%) realizaron control de calidad siguiendo el lineamiento que el LNR tenía definido hasta el año 2012; 8(24,2%) aplicaron LQAs y en 7(21,2%) no se obtuvo información.
Conclusión: El LNR debe realizar una revisión de las estrategias de implementación en otros países, con el fin de implementar en el 100% de los laboratorios del país una metodología estadísticamente representativa que demuestre que la lectura de láminas de tuberculosis cumple con los estándares relacionados con la calidad.
Evaluación del Subsistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Salud Oral, Bogotá
Authors: Muñoz Losada Claudia Marcela , Barbosa Quintero Sandra Isabel
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la caries dental y las enfermedades periodontales son la mayor carga de salud oral en Colombia, que afecta a más del 73 % de la población. Desde 2009, Bogotá cuenta con un subsistema de vigilancia centinela de salud oral (SISVESO) en 134de 750 unidades. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño y atributos cualitativos, calidad, oportunidad y representatividad del subsistema de vigilancia en la ciudad de Bogotá.
Materiales y métodos: Evaluación del subsistema de vigilancia utilizando la metodología de los CDC. Para evaluar los atributos cualitativos se realizaron encuestas virtuales a 72 odontólogos de las unidades centinelas, un grupo focal con los equipos de vigilancia en salud oral de las localidades donde participaron 21 funcionarios y tres entrevistas a funcionarios de la Secretaria de Salud Distrital. Para evaluar la utilidad, calidad, oportunidad y representatividad se revisaron documentos y bases de datos. Se realizó análisis cualitativos mediante triangulación utilizando el software NVIVO y cálculo de medidas de frecuencia para atributos cuantitativos.
Resultados: Simplicidad: fue considerado fácil el diligenciamiento de los registros. Flexibilidad: el subsistema ha tenido diferentes cambios en definición de caso e inclusión de variables. Aceptabilidad: los responsables locales refieren falta de recursos humanos y financieros para realizar actividades de vigilancia. Estabilidad: La gestión de los datos se realiza continuamente. Utilidad: el subsistema aporta información valiosa para la formulación de políticas públicas. Calidad: se identificaron 122.321 registros, sin casos repetidos. Oportunidad: a los responsables de la información les llega información anualmente.
Representatividad: los indicadores fueron similares al reportado en la encuestas nacionales de salud oral y registros de salud.
Conclusiones: El subsistema es útil, representativo, sencillo y flexible, con excelente calidad del dato. Cumple con los objetivos de la vigilancia propuestos. Es necesario realizar acciones para mejorar la oportunidad, aceptabilidad y la divulgación de la información para apoyar la toma de decisiones, se requiere establecer mecanismos para asegurar la financiación continua de la operación del subsistema.
Production of traditional soft white cheese in Albanian families from cow's milk
Authors: MAXHUNI Prof. Assoc. Dr. Shurki , BAJRAKTARI Prof. Assoc. Dr. Nerimane
Published: January 2022

The production of traditional cheese in Albanian families from cow's milk has an early tradition and now yours is still largely being produced. This scientific paper is about to describe the traditional method and chemical composition of milk used to produce soft white cheese, the economic benefits of which are still widely used. The non-standardized milk used for the production of this type of cheese, has an average of 3.53% fat, according to the sisters that were taken from 25 families in different villages of Kosova. The amount of milk used for production is from 5 l to 20 l of milk for a production process. The required amount of milk for the production of one kilogram of cheese is from 3.5 l to 4 l of milk. We have continuously followed the whole process of cheese production: from milking the cows to preparing the cheese for the market. We performed three experiments for each family (25 families in total) and took three samples from each family for both milk and cheese (75 analysis of milk and 75 analysis of cheese = 150 x 11 = 1650 analysis in total). We made the calculations statistically.
Physico-chemical analyzes of milk and cheese were performed at the National Agricultural Institute of Kosova in Peja.
Knowledge Entrepreneurship versus Opportunity Entrepreneurship Driver of Economic Performance in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Elham Elshafie , Eltayeb Manahil Kamal M. , Mohamed Nashwa Mostafa Ali
Published: January 2022

This paper understands the role of Knowledge-Based-Entrepreneurship (KBE) in changing the economy of Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-based economy. The ambition of this paper is to align entrepreneurship theorizing with the Saudi market needs by redirecting our entrepreneurship thinking away from the opportunistic metaphors to more creative and knowledge thinking. This paper reconceptualizes the entrepreneurship view. It is empirically compared between two dominant streams of theorizing on entrepreneurship: the opportunity view versus the knowledge view. A Mediation Model Path Test has been applied to examine the relationships. The analysis indicates that the opportunistic view is not adequate as a platform for entrepreneurial responding to Saudi economic changes. Instead, an alternative perspective is developed as Knowledge-Based -Entrepreneurship. The ﬁndings reveal that (KBE) has a positive and signiﬁcant impact on economic performance. It is also found that (KBE) has a mediating effect on entrepreneurship more than the opportunistic effect. This perspective emphasizes the importance of building entrepreneurial knowledge infrastructure, that creates multiple forms of value. This paper contributes to the knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship by offering an alternative view of entrepreneurship grounded. It goes beyond investigating the economic support of adopting the Knowledge-Based-Entrepreneurship compared to the Opportunity-Based-Entrepreneurship.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ YÖNETİMİ ÇALIŞMALARININ BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ERGEN IŞIKLAR Zeynep , YEŞİLTUNA Ceren
Published: January 2022

Günümüzde sürdürülebilir politikalar çerçevesinde yürütülen iş süreçleri rekabet avantajı elde edebilme noktasında işletmeler için stratejik bir araç konumuna gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilirliğin bir işletmenin fonksiyonları için ne kadar önem arz ettiği de karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel dönüşüm süreçlerinin getirdiği sosyal sorumluluk, çevre bilinci, iklim değişikliği vb. yenilikler sürdürülebilirlik kavramını ön plana çıkaran en önemli etkenler arasında yer almaktadır. Tedarik zinciri yönetiminde de müşteri için değer üretebilmek ve zincirin paydaşları arasında uzun vadeli stratejik ilişkiler kurabilmek adına işletmelerin sürdürülebilir politikalar izlemeleri gerekmektedir. Tedarik zinciri yönetiminde sürdürülebilirlik algısı üzerine kurulan alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkilerinin işletmelerin uzun vadeli strateji planlarının performansını da arttırdığını söylemek mümkündür. Bütün bu durumlar sürdürülebilirlik üzerine yapılan çalışmaların artmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacı sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetiminin teorik çerçevesini ve bu alanda 2000 yılından günümüze yapılan çalışmaları inceleyerek bibliyometrik özelliklerin belirlenmesi yoluyla sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi konusundaki eğilimleri belirlemektir. Çalışmada Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi konulu 977 makale seçilen kriterler çerçevesinde incelenmiş ve bibliyometrik analize tabi tutulmuştur.
Concerns for International Graduate Students in Political Science
Authors: Benson Thomas , Gancheva Silviya
Published: January 2022

How do you choose which universities to apply for? How do you navigate political science departmental norms and expectations? What are your job prospects as an international student in the U.S? These are a handful of questions that countless international political science graduate students – prospective, pre-candidacy, and post-candidacy – will need to consider at some point. There may also be language, cultural, and financial barriers to achieving a graduate degree in political science. Thus, this chapter is designed to provide helpful information to navigate these concerns. This manuscript is part of Strategies for Navigating Graduate School and Beyond, a forthcoming volume for those interested in pursuing graduate education in political science (Fall 2022 publication)
Practicing Effective Time Management
Authors: Vortherms Samantha A. , Neal Coyle
Published: January 2022

Time management is one of the most important skills graduate students need to succeed and thrive in their training. This chapter emphasizes the importance of time management as a practice. It focuses on three larger strategies that encompass most time management tricks out there: know your priorities, know yourself, and invest time in yourself. By properly understanding the priorities of your program and your personal goals for your graduate studies, you are best able to focus on the work that must get done to achieve them. Knowing yourself allows you to maximize work efficiency, both a key mechanism and result of successful time management. Finally, investing in yourself helps you balance work life demands and centers your own mental and physical health. This manuscript is part of Strategies for Navigating Graduate School and Beyond, a forthcoming volume for those interested in pursuing graduate education in political science (Fall 2022 publication).
Analysis of 5-Methylcytosine Regulators and DNA Methylation-Driven Genes in Colon Cancer
Authors: Du Cheng , Liu XinLi , Li Mingwei , Zhao Yi , Li Jie , Wen Zhikang , Liu Min , Yang Meina , Fu Boshi , Wei Minjie
Published: January 2022

Background: Epigenetic-driven events are important molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The 5-methylcytosine (5mC) regulators play important roles in the methylation-driven gene expression. However, the effect of the 5mC regulators on the oncogenic pathways in colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. Also, the clinical value of such epigenetic-driven events needs further research.

Methods: The transcriptome and matching epigenetic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. The gene set variation analysis identified the oncogenic pathways adjusted by 5mC regulators. The “edgeR” and “methylmix” package identified the differential expression genes of DNA methylation-driven genes. The correlation between 5mC regulators or transcription factors and shortlisted genes was investigated by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Among them, the genes related to diagnosis were screened out based on differential gene expression in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by the “limma” package and histology by immunohistochemistry. Then, a risk signature was constructed by fitting the generalized linear model and validated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results: MYC targets pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were identified as the hallmark-related pathways associated with 5mC regulators. Also, the P53 pathway was subject to the influence of regulators' expression. A five methylation-driven gene signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) was developed as the biomarker for CC diagnosis. Meanwhile, those genes positively related to 5mC regulators and interacted with their relevant or transcription factors.

Conclusion: In general, 5mC regulators are positively related to each other and DNA methylation-driven genes, with the relationship of multiple active and inhibitory pathways related to cancer. Meanwhile, the signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) can prefigure prospective diagnosis in CC.
Biallelic Variants in CFAP61 Cause Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the Flagella and Male Infertility
Authors: Ma Ao , Zeb Aurang , Ali Imtiaz , Zhao Daren , Khan Asad , Zhang Beibei , Zhou Jianteng , Khan Ranjha , Zhang Huan , Zhang Yuanwei , Khan Ihsan , Shah Wasim , Ali Haider , Javed Abdul Rafay , Ma Hui , Shi Qinghua
Published: January 2022

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) can lead to male infertility due to impaired sperm motility and morphology. Calmodulin- and spoke-associated complex (CSC) are known for their roles in radial spoke (RS) assembly and ciliary motility in Chlamydomonas, while the role of cilia- and flagella-associated protein 61 (CFAP61), a mammalian ortholog of the CSC subunits, in humans is yet unknown. Here, we recruited three unrelated Pakistani families comprising of 11 infertile male patients diagnosed with MMAF. CFAP61 variants, c.451_452del (p.I151Nfs*4) in family 1 and c.847C > T (p.R283*) in family 2 and 3, were identified recessively co-segregating with the MMAF phenotype. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed severe disorganized axonemal ultrastructures, and missings of central pair, RSs, and inner dynein arms were also observed and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining in spermatozoa from patients. CFAP61 and CFAP251 signals were absent from sperm tails of the patients, which suggested the loss of functional CSC in sperm flagella. Altogether, our findings report that homozygous variants in CFAP61 are associated with MMAF and male infertility, demonstrating the essential role of this gene in normal sperm flagellum structure in humans.
Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Li Jiehan , Guo Shuning , Sun Zhenqiang , Fu Yang
Published: January 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
Identification of Ferroptosis-Related Biomarkers for Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Patients With Glioma
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Lai Donglin , Zuo Xiaojia , Liu Dingsheng , Chen Bing , Zheng Yanjun , Lu Changlian , Gu Xuefeng
Published: January 2022

Ferroptosis is a novel type of iron- and ROS-dependent cell death and is involved in various diseases. LncRNAs are involved and play important roles in the occurrence and development of several cancers. However, researches about the role of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in glioma are relatively rare. Here, we identified nine ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and then constructed a prognostic model by the LASSO and Cox analysis. The model could predict overall survival with high sensitivity and specificity according to ROC curves. In addition, the cell cycle, p53 signaling, apoptosis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were obviously enriched in the pathogenesis of glioma by gene set enrichment analysis. A nomogram was constructed by integrating several independent prognostic clinicopathological features, and it could provide a valuable predictive tool for overall survival. Furthermore, a strong correlation between these nine lncRNAs and immunotherapy was found. Glioma patients in the high-risk group had higher TMB using somatic mutation data, different immune infiltration, and higher expression of immune checkpoints, indicating these patients might benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In summary, these nine ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were promising biomarkers for predicting overall survival and guiding immunotherapy or future immune checkpoint inhibitor development for glioma patients.