bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metalanguage and sensory sub-modalities in mental training techniques through neurolinguistic programming
Authors: Grosu Vlad Teodor , Grosu Emilia Florina , Vari Hanna , Ciufudean Emil
Published: January 2020

Introduction and theme actuality: this study is part of a larger work, which involves increasing sporting performance by applying mental training techniques, special techniques of neurolinguistic programming (NLP). Purpose of study and hypothesis: if ideomotor representations of athletes are completed with multiple sensations of all sensory sub-modalities such as visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, olfactory and gustatory, the possibility of applying the techniques of NLP will have more effective results. We have studied the relationship between sensory sub-modalities, in accordance with the Bandler and Thomson (2012) and application of Jacobson (2011). Methods and material: two records were made by using two tests, test 1 and test 2, on master students of the â€˜Babes-Bolyaiâ€™ University Cluj-Napoca, from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. The statistical indicators were calculated on elements of descriptive statistics and the data are presented using indicators of centrality, location and distribution. Statistical analysis of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for sample pairs. Discussions and findings: to pinpoint the correlation between the two variables, we used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Ï). Statistical analysis was performed using the correlation coefficients of Coltonâ€™s rule. No statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05) in the statistical analysis because of the short timeframe, but there are many good and very good correlations at both tests, between the values of the items studied. Conclusions and recommendations: we want to continue with this study because the time difference between T1 and T2 was 3 months and we want to extend this study to a minimum of 6 months. All sensory sub-modalities are particularly important in achieving ideomotor representations underlying mental training.

Keywords: Idiomatic representation, neurolinguistic programming, sensations, sensitive sub-modality, mental training.
Using Web 2.0 technologies to support teacher candidatesâ€™ content development skills
Authors: Unal Erhan , Uzun Ahmet Murat
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of Instructional Technology and Material Development (ITMD) course on the perceptions of teacher candidatesâ€™ content development competencies with web 2.0 tools and the necessities of these tools. The embedded design, which is a type of mixed-method research design, was used in the study. The study was conducted within the scope of the ITMD course. In the course, teacher candidates were taught theoretical knowledge about instructional technology as well as practice including producing contents with web 2.0 tools. The participants of the study were 54 teacher candidates in a public university in the Department of Elementary Mathematics Teaching in Turkey.  Results indicated that teacher candidatesâ€™ content development competencies differed significantly between their pre- and posttest scores. However, although the pre-post difference in the score of their perceived necessities was in the expected direction, it was not significant. Results were discussed, and some implications were provided.

Keywords: Teacher candidates; web 2.0; competency; material development; content development.
Influence of maker-centred classroom on the students’ motivation towards science learning
Authors: Caballero-Garcia Presentacion , Grau-Fernandez Trinitario
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maker-centred learning methodology on the motivation of secondary school students towards science learning using a quasi-experimental design pretest–posttest. For this purpose, a sample of 200 students in eighth grade (110 boys and 90 girls) was selected from two different schools in Madrid during 2017–2018 academic year. The experimental group selected covered the learning standards by doing a project in the makerspace, and the control group covered the same standards by traditional learning in the classroom. Data were collected through a Students’ Motivation Towards Science Learning questionnaire developed by Tuan, Chin and Shieh (2015). The results of the data analysis revealed a significative difference between groups in the post-test, finding a higher level of motivation towards science in the experimental group (maker-centred learning based), in comparison with the control group (traditional learning based). Findings in this study confirm the benefits of makerspaces in schools as learning environments that motivate students to learn science, so we strongly recommend the use of these spaces to teach science, allowing the students to find their passion and fostering a love of learning.
Keywords: Makerspaces, motivation, science learning, secondary school, Quasi-experimental design
Analysis of 5th, 6th and 7th grade students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding helpfulness value
Authors: Celik Aysegul
Published: January 2020

In this study, a mixed method was used. The sample consisted of 175 female and 155 male fifth-, sixth- and seventh-grade students studying in a public secondary school in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. The sample was used in accordance with a cluster sampling method, a type of probability sampling. In the quantitative dimension of the research, in order to measure the students’ attitudes regarding helpfulness value, the helpfulness attitude scale was used. A form prepared with the aim of measuring the metaphorical perceptions of the students regarding helpfulness value was developed by the researchers. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used to analyse the quantitative data via T-test and one-way analysis of variance. In order to identify the statistical difference between the groups, TUKEY test was applied. Content analysis was used to examine qualitative data. It has been determined that students have various meanings about the value of helpfulness.
Keywords: Social studies, helpfulness, value of helpfulness
Sport science college students and career stress
Authors: Yasar Onur Mutlu , Turgut Murat
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the career stress levels of university students in different faculties according to age, gender, faculty, class and financial status variables. The research was conducted using a quantitative research design. The sample of this study consisted of 1,189 university students from Kastamonu University Education Faculty, School of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. Career Stress Scale consisting of 20 items and three sub-dimensions was used. Data were normally distributed and parametric analysis was used. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the average score of the participants was 2.43 from the total score of the career stress scale. In this context, it was found that the career stress levels of the participants were moderate at the lower limit. According to the average scores of the participants, the lowest subscale was found to be an external conflict with 2.13 average and the highest subscale was found to be job anxiety with an average score of 2.82. A significant difference was found almost between all different groups in different ways (p > 0.05). As a result, it was found that the career stress levels of the university students participating in the research were moderate, as well as differences according to variables such as gender, class, age, faculty and income status. Among these differences, the most striking ones appear to be the variables of age and income. In this context, it was determined that university students who have lower age and lower-income status level have higher career stress level than age and income status variables.

Keywords: Career, collage, stress, sport, students, university.
A qualitative research on organizational peace in schools
Authors: Dogus Yurdagul
Published: January 2020

The concept of organisational peace is a dynamic situation that can develop through open communication, whose main elements are justice, trust and goodwill, and affect the peace and happiness of individuals. Organisational peace consists of two dimensions such as â€˜internal organisational peaceâ€™ and â€˜external organisational peaceâ€™. â€˜Internal organisational peaceâ€™, which is formed by relations and conditions within the organisation itself, is influenced by four factors such as individual, organisational, managerial and job characteristics. The â€˜external organisational peaceâ€™, which is formed by the organisation's relations with others, stems from the directâ€“indirect, optional or obligatory interactions of the organisation. External organisational peace is influenced by five factors such as hierarchical relations, close environment, other organisations, society and global relations. This research is the first study that provides a conceptual framework for the concept of organisational peace and examines the concept of organisational peace empirically. The aim of this study is to determine the views of teachers in the â€˜internal organisational peaceâ€™ dimension in schools. The research was carried out in the phenomenological design of qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 10 teachers selected by the criterion sampling method. Teachers explain the concept of organisational peace with happiness, common goals, cooperation, justice, comfort, democratic values, harmony, respect and healthy communication. Factors that promote â€˜internal organisational peaceâ€™ are positive personality, job satisfaction, fair practices, effective organisational communication, competencies of managers and good physical conditions of the job. Factors that prevent â€˜internal organisational peaceâ€™ are negative personality, violent behaviour, unfair management, closed communication and bad physical conditions of the job.

Keywords: Organisational peace, school, Turkey.
MScs in railway transport and logistics: State of the art and perspectives for a new programme
Authors: Rizzetto Luca , Ricci Stefano , Marinov Marin
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to discuss results obtained from a structured survey on MScs in railway transport and logistics, which has been conducted within the RiFLE project. RiFLE stands for Rail Freight and Logistics Curriculum Development and was funded by the Erasmus (LLL) programme of the European Commission. The aim of RiFLE was to develop master courses to be delivered in English language by the participating institutions as separate but shared programmes in their universities. The approach was to analyse, enhance and adapt existing courses already offered by the participating institutions within a modern rail freight and logistics environment. Therefore, the goal of the survey was to define the state of the art of the current offer of MSc â€˜railway transport and logisticsâ€™ related courses across the European and non-European countries. For the collection of data, a questionnaire has been developed. â€˜SuperSurveyâ€™ was used to approach intended respondents. SuperSurvey is a user-friendly online platform for collecting information using questionnaires. The target group included professors, lecturers and masters programmes managers in transport and logistics. Existing relevant programmes from European and other universities and institutions for higher education have been collected and analysed. Information collected helped to define a comprehensive framework of transport and logistics curricula, courses and programmes and to understand different levels of learning and structures of higher education such as single modules, bachelor courses, master courses, as well as mobility programmes and patterns.

Keywords: Rail freight and logistics, higher education, innovation, survey, state of the art.
The General situation of ilm al-kalām in the Ottoman educational system up to the 16th century
Authors: Onal Recep
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the formation of the Caliphate, which emerged as a scientific discipline by Mu‘tazila in Hijri 2nd Century, the general situation and basic features of the Ottoman education system up to the 16th century and the works of Kalām taught in madrasasare examined. This study is a descriptive and comparative study. This research will use the classical soruces of the history of Islam,the history of sects in islams and kalam. In spite of some unfavorable reactions which have been exhibited against Ilm al-Kalām since the earliest period of the Ottoman period, Ilm al-Kalām has been able to enter the curriculum of the Ottoman madrasas and become a knowledge discipline favored by the Ottoman sultans and their ʿulamās. The most important contributor to this was the Ottoman sultans, who showed great interest in science, valued the freedom of thought and belief, and provided free thinking and working environment in the Kalām and philosophical areas. In this respect, the Ottoman lands became a science and culture center and a great deal of scholars have been trained in scientific and religious areas up to the 16th century, and in these areas, they produced lots of precious works. Among these works, there are not only independent studies on akaid and Kalām but also works belonging to other disciplines which study the fields of faith, worship and morality together. Ilm al-Kalām came to the fore in the Ottoman education system with the help of these scholars who interested in Ilm al-Kalām. Through the middle of the 16th century, the importance given to the education of Kalām was decreased due to a number of reasons and Kalām was replaced by fiqh. The Anti-Kalām thought reached such a point that many books on Kalām theology had been removed from the madrasah course curriculum and some scholars gave fatwas that say that learning Kalām was forbidden. The findings state that the science of Kalam was considered important until 16 thcentury after which it has lost its importance in the educational system. This caused the loss the culture of criticism and the philosophical though has been ignored.
 
Key Words: Ottoman, Kalām, Philosophy, Ahl al-Sunna, Madrasah
TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE SOVIET ATOMIC INDUSTRY IN THE MEMOIRS
OF CONTEMPORARIES
Authors: Kliueva V.P. , Mel’nikova N.V.
Published: January 2020

The article considers the training of specialists, who worked in the Soviet atomic industry, covering the period from 1945 to the 1960s — from the initiation of the Soviet Atomic Project until the establishment of atomic energy as one of the leading branches of the Soviet industry. The present study is based on published memoirs of students majoring in atomic physics and biographical narrative interviews of atomic scientists who studied at the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in the 1940s–1960s, conducted by one of the authors of the article. The training of atomic scientists consisted in the development of theoretical knowledge, as well as engineering and practical skills. The training was provided at various universities of the country, among which a prominent place was occupied by the Moscow State University, the Saint Petersburg State University, the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute and the Ural State Technical University along with the specialised faculties of other Soviet universities. The public mood (onset of the Cold War, romanticised image of an atomic scientist) and personal aptitudes of applicants (engineering and technical aptitudes) influenced the career choice. When selecting future atomic specialists, a number of «filters» were used, narrowing down the number of prospective candidates. Ideology, latent anti-Semitism and gender influenced student selection. The training of atomic scientists was conducted in secrecy, which was offset by various financial (high scholarship and, later, high salaries) and non-financial (being trained by outstanding scientists, professional fulfilment, patriotic feelings) incentives. The involvement of students during training in scientific and industrial activities resulted in an effective corps of atomic specialists. Following graduation, they worked in restricted-access cities (Arzamas-16, Chelyabinsk-70, etc.), as well as at research institutes exploring atomic issues.
VEGETATION AND CLIMATE OF THE ISET-TOBOL INTERFLUVE FROM THE ENEOLITHIC TO THE EARLY IRON AGE: NEW PALAEOECOLOGICAL DATA ON THE OSKINO-09 SWAMP
Authors: Nasonova E.D. , Ryabogina N.E. , Afonin A.S. , Ivanov S.N. , Tkachev A.A.
Published: January 2020

The article analyses new data, which provides the opportunity to reconstruct the natural environment of peo-ple in the Tobol area (forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia) in the 3rd–1st millennia BC. The authors consider the issue associated with the consistency between off-site pollen data and on-site palynological data, as well as how correctly they reflect natural conditions defining the living environment of the ancient population. Materials for the study were obtained from the Oskino-09 swamp-lake located near the confluence of the Iset and Tobol Rivers in the immediate vicinity of a multilayer settlement (Oskino Boloto). The age of swamp-lake sediments was de-termined using an age-depth model developed on the basis of AMS dates. In this study, the authors analysed pollen and plant macro-remains, as well as the indicators of economic activity (non-pollen palynomorphs, weed pollen). The analysis of stratigraphy, the composition of plant macro-remains and local pollen revealed that up to 1.2 cal ka BC the water body in question was developing as a fresh lake, which allowed the inhabitants of the Oskino Boloto settlement to use it for fishing and as a source of water in the Eneolithic and in the Bronze Age. Its transformation into a swamp occurred in 1.1–0.8 cal ka BC, which coincided with the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. During the study period, the swamp-lake and the settlement were surrounded by forests confined to the terraces of the Iset River; starting from the middle of the Eneolithic, birch-pine forests ap-peared in the vicinity. However, pine forests were actively replaced with birch forests at the beginning of the Bronze Age; evidently, warmer temperatures and higher humidity resulted in the appearance of deciduous trees. Most of the Bronze Age is associated with a gradual decrease in humidity, with the signs of an increase in the water table level and the active expansion of birch forests being observed only at the turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages. A new stage of coniferous forest expansion in the Early Iron Age (ca 0.8 cal ka BС) is probably associated with a low level of the water table, as well as with a general fall in the temperature. The natural environment at the beginning of the Early Iron Age is very similar to that at the end of the Eneolithic. New data indicate that there were no completely treeless areas in the studied interval; forests always grew along river terraces. However, most of the settlements located nearby in the Ingala Valley were confined to open meadow-steppe areas forming an inhabited landscape. Despite the differences in the off-site pollen data obtained from the swamp and the on-site data, these data reveal similar trends in climatic changes in the 3rd–1st millennia BC.
SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE OF EARLY MEDIEVAL GROUPS IN THE TRANS-URALS
Authors: Kostomarov V.M. , Tretyakov E.A.
Published: January 2020

The article considers the settlement of Early Medieval population in the Trans-Urals (4th–9th centuries AD). The study is based on the data about the location of monuments attributed to the Bakal culture, which are re-corded on the territory of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve and its water system in the area of the modern forest-steppe belt. The relevance of the study is determined by the following points: presentation of new data on the monu-ments of the Bakal culture; analysis of the settlement system and landscape use in the specified period; identifica-tion of economic areas characteristic of the early medieval population. In this study, the authors used the methods and approaches of landscape and settlement archaeology. In addition to the spatial and morphological character-istics, the source database includes data on the Earth's digital model drawing on SRTM30 data. The analysed materials (81 monuments — 36 hillforts, 40 villages, 5 burial grounds) were collected in one geoinformation sys-tem; the authors proposed an improved classification of fortified villages, which provides the opportunity to char-acterise the economic structure of the Bakal groups in a new way. The hillforts comprise 27 terrace settlements located on the high bedrock coasts of rivers, as well as 9 floodplain fortified settlements situated on isolated hills. When identifying economic zones on the basis of constructed Thiessen (Voronoi) polygons, it was found that there was one or, less often, two fortified villages (hillforts) in the centre of one zone. Settlements were located not far from the centre (most often in a floodplain). The analysis of direct visibility from the settlements showed that direct visual watch was kept over the villages in the floodplain, with the visibility zones covering large flood-plain sectors, thereby providing fairly tight control of the territory. It was established that the burial grounds were located in the immediate vicinity of fortified villages. The analysis revealed a correlation between the location of the village and the economy of the Bakal population, where cattle, prevailing in quantity, played an important role. This is due to the presence of large fortified settlements located in floodplains, whose population kept livestock. The authors established a system of the settlement and space-related occupation of the Medieval population in the Trans-Urals, with hillforts being the main centres used to control the territory simultaneously performing the functions of political, trade and economic centres.
Direct democracy and the rise of political entrepreneurs
Authors: Čepo Dario , Nikić Čakar Dario
Published: January 2020

The last decade saw a rise in the use of direct democracy in Croatia. The proliferation of citizens' initiatives and referendums was meant to activate politically passive citizens and to strengthen their role as controllers of the executive. Our research, based on the qualitative analysis of the legal framework on citizens' initiatives and referendums in Croatia, as well as post-2010 initiatives, showed that this was not the case. Instead, political and social entrepreneurs, both long established, like trade unions, and newly formed, like conservative civil society organizations, used the tools of direct democracy to promote their particular anti-minority, anti-government or anti-establishment agendas. They succeeded in both constraining the power of the elite through the process of getting to the referendum and wresting control over the agenda-setting process post hoc. The added value of this paper lies in showing that citizens' initiatives can succeed in getting their demands met even when they are not successful in organizing referendums, which is due to weaknesses in the legal framework surrounding referendums and initiatives.
Descriptive representation and political participation
Authors: Agarin Timofey , Čermák Petr
Published: January 2020

The series of ethnic conflicts in the Western Balkans over the 1990s in- volved primarily the constituent nations of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and later, Albanians and Macedonians. Ethnic violence has equally affected other numerically smaller groups residing in the geo- graphic areas affected by conflict between the dominant, de facto state-founding ethnic groups. The paper investigates the continuous importance of ethnic identity for political participation of non-dominant groups affected by the ethno-political dynamics of dominant groups in post-conflict Croatia. Analyses of the political mobilisation of non-dominant groups in regions previously affected by conflict offer evidence that their ethno-political mobilisation reflects the continuous importance of identity-politics in the context of highly ethnicised institutions ensuring political representation at national and municipal levels.
Analiza diskursa Istanbulske konvencije
Authors: Petković Krešimir
Published: January 2020

Autor analizira ratifikaciju Istanbulske konvencije u Hrvatskoj 2018. Nakon uvodnog prikaza temeljnih teorijskih i metodologijskih postavki, prvi dio članka analizira tekst Konvencije. Drugi dio članka analizira njezinu političku recepciju u hrvatskoj javnosti uoči, tijekom i nakon ratifikacije. Pritom se diskursi koji su se sučeljavali i surađivali uspostavljaju induktivno, na osnovi uočavanja ponavljajućih sličnosti i razlika u istupima različitih aktera u javnim medijima. Nakon analize diskurzivnih okvira rasprave, prikazuju se institucionalni i izvaninstitucionalni aspekti procesa ratifikacije koji se odigrao unutar tih okvira. Naglasak se stavlja na sklapanje diskurzivne koalicije zastupnika dominantnog diskursa o nasilju nad ženama i diskursa o obiteljskoj tradiciji koji je, uz interpretativnu izjavu, omogućio ratifikaciju Konvencije.
Socijalni rad i logika sigurnosti u eri sekuritizacije terorizma
Authors: Bilandžić Mirko , Pandžić Josip
Published: January 2020

Socijalni rad usmjeren je k poboljšanju kvalitete života i razvoju potenci- jala pojedinaca, posebice ranjivih osoba, uz adresiranje problema, rizika, nepravdi i nejednakosti u društvu. Načela ljudskih prava i socijalne pravde čine temelje socijalnog rada. U eri sekuritizacije terorizma od početka 21. stoljeća zbog sve veće višedimenzionalnosti terorizma preklapaju se i umrežavaju različite politike, procesi i akteri te postupno nestaju granice između socijalnih i sigurnosnih provedbenih politika. Pomak od funkcije profesionalne skrbi ranjivih društvenih skupina k funkciji "nadzora" pojedinaca u interesu očuvanja društvenog poretka i sigurnosti daje socijalnom radu drugačiju ulogu. Socijalne službe i socijalni rad u protuterorističkim djelovanjima postaju podređeni logici sigurnosti. Na temelju analize okvira za uvođenje socijalnog rada u protuteroristički status i uloge socijalnih službi u protuterorizmu autori zaključuju da socijalni rad obavlja funkciju obavještajnog instrumenta nacionalne sigurnosti u protuterorističkim strategijama zapadnih demokracija.
Development of a Decision-Making Framework for Distributed Energy Systems in a German District
Authors: Schmeling Lucas , Schönfeldt Patrik , Klement Peter , Wehkamp Steffen , Hanke Benedikt , Agert Carsten
Published: January 2020

The planning and decision-making for a distributed energy supply concept in complex actor structures like in districts calls for the approach to be highly structured. Here, a strategy with strong use of energetic simulations is developed, the core elements are presented and research gaps are identified. The exemplary implementation is shown using the case study of a new district on the former Oldenburg airbase in northwestern Germany. The process is divided into four consecutive phases, which are carried out with different stakeholder participation and use of different simulation tools. Based on a common objective, a superstructure of the applicable technologies is developed. Detailed planning is then carried out with the help of a multi-objective optimal sizing algorithm and Monte Carlo based risk assessment. The process ends with the operating phase, which is to guarantee a further optimal and dynamic mode of operation. The main objective of this publication is present the core elements of the planning processes and decision-making framework based on the case study and to find and identify research gaps that will have to be addressed in the future.
CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A New Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing
Authors: van der Kruk Eline , Silverman Anne K , Koizia Louis , Reilly Peter , Fertleman Michael , Bull Anthony M J
Published: January 2020

To prevent, mitigate and treat movement impairments, we need to recognize early signs of decline and understand how to best compensate for limitations. The mechanisms leading to movement impairments are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology must be combined to understand these mechanisms. This article introduces CaReMoOC, a framework incorporating neuromusculoskeletal capacity (accumulation of neuromusculoskeletal resources over the lifespan), reserve (task-specific difference between capacity and task demand), movement objectives (considerations made to plan a movement), and compensation (use of NMSK resources to respond to the task demand). The framework is demonstrated for healthy ageing, providing an overview of age-related capacity decline (neural, skeletal, muscular system) and shifted weighting of movement objectives (energy, pain, stability, speed) relevant for biomechanics and motor control. Two forms of compensation are Compensation for Capacity, when capacity does not meet the task demands, and Compensation for Movement Objectives, when the movement is changed due to for example a fear of falling. Understanding the interrelationships between decline in the variables within capacity and the effect on compensation strategies will provide benefit in preventing mobility impairments and will support clinicians in their rehabilitation practice.
Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoking: Co-Drivers of Increased Burden of Lung Cancer in Europe
Authors: Kalubula Maybin , Shen Heqing , Liu Longjian
Published: January 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 25% of deaths due to lung cancer occurring in Europe. This study therefore sought to assess the burden of lung cancer by country and to evaluate the magnitude of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and cigarette smoking by country in Europe. Methods: An ecological study nested on the World Health Organization air pollution database 2016 was conducted. We sampled 30 European Countries, with a total of 1625 mean annual samples of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) collected from 1625 designated sites (n = 1625). We further used the ‘World Health Disease Rankings’ database to extract Lung Cancer Morbidity and Mortality Rate by country. We used SAS version 9.4 to indicate the distribution of PM2.5 and Lung Cancer Mortality Rate. Results: Lung cancer Relative Risk (RR) was 1.0 in all never- smokers. RR for Ex-smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 3.5 in males and 1.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 16.2 in males and 3.8 in females. RR for current smokers for Adeno carcinoma was 8.0 in males and 4.1 in females, small cell carcinoma was 57.9 in males and 18.2 in females. Mean annual PM2.5 by country ranged from 6.01 to 37.28µg/m3 whereas lung cancer mortality rate by country ranged from 19.67 to 54.26 deaths per 100,000 population. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and exposure to both second hand smoke and high concentration of PM2.5 resulted into increased burden of lung cancer in Europe. Countries should re-strategize to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Europe.
О влиянии точности кубатурных формул на интегральные характеристики решения уравнения переноса
Authors: Аристова Елена Николаевна , Aristova Elena Nikolaevna , Астафуров Глеб Олегович , Astafurov Gleb Olegovich
Published: January 2020

Для технических приложений важно иметь способ решать уравнение переноса излучения не со свободными границами, а с условиями отражения. Присутствие условий отражения приводит к тому, что даже при отсутствии рассеяния все угловые
направления, для которых рассчитывается уравнение переноса, оказываются связанными друг с другом. Угловые направления берутся из дискретного набора узлов
кубатурной формулы на сфере, в реализации условий отражений необходимо оставаться в рамках этого дискретного набора угловых направлений. Один из вариантов реализации такого алгоритма, опирающийся на выполнение дискретного аналога сохранения потока излучения на границе, представлен в данной работе. Использование интерполяционно-характеристической схемы влечет за собой необходимость строить корректное условие отражения не только в гранях, где это просто,
но и в вершинах и ребрах, где это требует дополнительных определений из-за отсутствия понятия нормали. Плотность излучения как интегральная величина зависит не только от схемной ошибки решения уравнения переноса, но и от ошибки используемых кубатурных формул. Для гладких решений обычно бывает достаточно
небольшого количества узлов на сфере, так что влияние ошибок кубатурных формул невелико. В случае недифференцируемого решения существует пороговое значение мелкости разбиения пространственной сетки так, что при шагах ниже этого
значения основной вклад в ошибку вносит ошибка кубатурной формулы.
Матричные модели текстов. Модели текстов и содержательное сходство текстов
Authors: Крейнес Михаил Григорьевич , Kreines Mikhail Grigor'evich , Крейнес Елена Михайловна , Kreines Elena Mikhailovna
Published: January 2020

Представлены матричная модель текстов на естественных языках и модель количественного оценивания содержательного сходства текстов. Рассмотрено использование модели для поиска сходных по содержанию текстов. Проанализированы
отличия матричной модели и формируемой на ее основе модели содержательного
сходства текстов от распространенных подходов к анализу и моделированию
текстов на естественных языках.
La dedicatoria de los Proverbios morales de Alonso de Barros a García de Loaysa Girón
Authors: Lucero Ernesto
Published: January 2020

Después de la publicación de su Filosofía cortesana en 1587, Barros no volvió a tomar la pluma hasta 1598. A pesar de ello, es evidente que a través de las letras reclamará el amparo de un nuevo patrón en ese delicado momento de transición al reinado de Felipe III. En este trabajo estudiamos la elección de García de Loaysa como dedicatario de sus "Proverbios morales" y su infructuoso resultado desde la perspectiva de los estudios sobre la Corte, teniendo en cuenta nueva documentación de archivo.
Keracunan Pestisida dan Hipotiroidisme pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Pertanian
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Dharminto Dharminto
Published: January 2020

Wanita bermukim di daerah pertanian berisiko terpajan pestisida yang dapat berakibat hipotiroidisme yang pada kehamilan dapat menyebabkan gangguan tumbuh-kembang janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui angka kejadian keracunan pestisida dan hipotiroidisme pada wanita usia subur di daerah pertanian. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian cross-sectional dan 26 WUS terpilih sebagai subjek secara acak. Semua subjek dilakukan pengukurankadar TSH, fT4 dan enzim kolinesterase, sementara kadar T3, UEI, dan Pb darah diukur pada sub-sampel. Penderita dinyatakan keracunan pestisida apabila ditemukan kadar enzim kolinesterase <3,9 μg/L dan dinyatakan hipotiroidisme apabila kadar TSH >4,5 μIU/L. Penelitian ini menemukan rerata kadar kolinesterase adalah 7,26 (±1,28) dengan kisaran nilai 5,33-9,39 μg/L; rerata kadar TSH adalah 5,09 (±6,14), dengan kisaran nilai 0,47-31,73μIU/L; rerata kadar fT4 adalah 15,18 (±2,09), dengan kisaran nilai 8,73-18,87 pmol/L; rerata kadar T3 adalah 1,75 (±0,51), dengan kisaran nilai 1,24-2,95 pmol/L. Prevalensi keracunan pestisida pada WUS 0,0% dan prevalensi hipotiroidisme 46,2%.Kata kunci : Pestisida, hipotiroidisme, wanita usia subur, daerah pertanianAbstractWomen lived in agricultural areas are risk to suffer various disorders due to pesticides exposure such as hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism causes growth and development disorders of fetus. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of pesticide poisoning and hypothyroidism in women of childbearing age in agricultural areas. Cross-sectional study was conducted and 26 women of childbearing age were selected randomly. TSH, fT4 and cholinesterase enzymelevels were measured in all subjects, while levels of T3, UEI and blood Pb were measured in the sub-sample. Pesticide poisoning is determined if the levels of enzymes cholinesterase <3.9 μg/L and determined as hypothyroidism if the TSH >4.5 μIU/L. This study showed that mean of cholinesterase levels was 7.26 (± 1.28), range of values 5.33-9.39 μg/L; mean of TSH levels was 5.09 (± 6.14), range of values 0.47-31.73 μIU/L; mean of fT4 level was 15.18 (±2.09), range of values 8.73-18.87 pmol/L; mean of T3 levels was 1.75 (±0.51), range of values 1.24-2.95 pmol/L. The prevalence of pesticide poisoning in childbearing women was 0.0% and prevalence of hypothyroidism was 46.2%.Key words : Pesticide, hypothyroidism, women of childbearing age, agricultural area
Determinan Abortus di Indonesia
Authors: Kuntari Titik , Wilopo Siswanto Agus , Emilia Ova
Published: January 2020

Abortus menjadi masalah yang penting dalam kesehatan masyarakat karena berpengaruh terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Di Indonesia, belum ada data yang komprehensif tentang kejadian abortus, berbagai data yang ada sebelumnya berdasarkan survei dengan cakupan yang relatif terbatas. Abortus yang tidak aman bertanggung jawab terhadap 11% kematian ibu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian abortus di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode observasional menggunakan disain studi cross sectional. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2002-2003. Analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu: analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa risiko abortus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan usia ibu. Wanita dengan paritas 0-2 berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami abortus dibandingkan wanita dengan paritas 3 atau lebih (OR=5,2, IK 95%=3,49-7,89). Wanita yang bekerja berisiko 2,7 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami aborsi daripada wanita yang tidak bekerja (OR= 2,7 , IK 95%= 2,10-3,58). Selain itu, risiko abortus meningkat pada wanita yang menikah pada usia 30 tahun atau lebih (OR=1,8, IK95%= 1,30-2,48). Risiko abortus tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan riwayat abortus sebelumnya, tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat sosial ekonomi.Kata kunci : Abortus, tren abortus, determinan abortus, IndonesiaAbstractAbortion has become a main problem in public health because of its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no comprehensive data on abortion in Indonesia. So far, data were based on survey with limited coverage. Unsafe abortion is responsible to 11 percent of maternal mortality in Indonesia. This research objective is to determine factors related to abortion in Indonesia. The study was an observational method with cross sectional design. Thesedata are gathered from Indonesian Demography and Health Survey 2002–2003. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The risk of an abortion increased in line with the increasing of maternal age. Women with 0-2 parity have higher risk than multiparity (OR=5.2, IK95%=3.49-7.89). Employed women have higher risk than unemployed (OR=2.7, IK95%=2.10-3.58). The risk of abortion increased among women married at 30 years old or over (OR=1.8, IK95%=1.30-2.48). There is no significant association between history of abortion, education, socioeconomic and risk of abortion.Key words : Abortion, trend of abortion, abortion’s determinant, Indonesia
District Health Information System on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health How Good Is It? A Case of Deli Serdang and Sumedang Districts
Authors: Achadi Anhari
Published: January 2020

Valid data and information are critical for any health programs, in particular for planning, monitoring and evaluation purposes. District Health Information System is designed to produce routine data on process and output type of indicators at district level. This study, taking place at Deli Serdang and Sumedang districts, has its objectives as to learn about the current practice of DHIS, specifically looking at its process and the availability, quality and utilization of thedata. Methods of data collection include in-depth interview with stakeholders at village, health facility and district levels, examination of existing forms at all levels as well as other documents and reports. Findings suggest that weaknesses of DHIS prevail at each level of the system. Complexity of the system has produced inaccurate and suboptimal the use of generated data and information.Key words : District health information system, inaccurate data and informationAbstrakData dan informasi yang valid sangat penting untuk program kesehatan, terutama untuk perencanaan, pemantauan, dan evaluasi. Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Kabupaten dibuat untuk menghasilkan data rutin tentang indikator proses dan output program kesehatan di tingkat kabupaten. Studi ini, yang dilakukan di kabupaten Deli Serdang dan Sumedang, bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses bekerjanya SIK Kabupaten, serta ketersediaan, kualitas dan penggunaan data yang dihasilkan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa cara, yaitu wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan di desa, fasilitas kesehatan, dan kabupaten, pemeriksaan formulir-formulir yang digunakan disemua tingkatan, dokumen lainnya, serta laporan. Temuan studi menunjukkan adanya kelemahan-kelemahan SIK dalam semua tingkatan. Karena kompleknya, sistem menghasilkan data dan informasi yang tidak akurat, dengan tingkat penggunaan yang rendah.Kata kunci : Sistem informasi kesehatan kabupaten, data dan informasi yang tidak akurat
Robotic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(RAMPS) versus standard retrograde pancreatosplenectomy (SRPS):study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Gong , Liu Rong , Kang Yuhao , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Fei
Published: January 2020

Background There has been data from meta-analysis suggesting that RAMPS is a safe and effective procedure for adenocarcinoma in the body or tail of the pancreas and is oncologically superior to SRPS. However, previous studies on RAMPS were conducted under the open and laparoscopic surgery. Robotic surgery, on the other hand, plays a role in ergonomics and offers several advantages, including less fatigue, tremor filtering, 7° of wrist-like motion, motion scaling, and three-dimensional vision. At present, there is still a lack of clinical studies to observe the safety and clinical efficacy of Robotic RAMPS in the world. Hence,prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Robotic RAMPS and SRPS are required. We begin a RCT trial to compare short-term surgical and oncological outcomes of Robotic RAMPS and SRPS for patients with distal pancreatectomy.Methods This is a randomized, single-center clinical trial. All included adults are patients with primary carcinoma of the distal pancreatectomy. A total of 246 patients will be randomly allocated to Robotic RAMPS or SRPS. The primary endpoints are oncological outcomes(R0 rate, number of Lymph node). Secondary endpoints are the perioperative complications, Perioperative indicators(operative time,blood loss,blood transfusion volume,costs).Discussion To evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of Robotic RAMPS, we therefore undertake a prospective RCT. This procedure may become a standard approach to robotic pancreatosplenectomy.
Dissecting myocardial mechanics in patients with severe aortic stenosis: 2-dimensional vs 3-dimensional-speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Bi Xiaojun , Yeung Darwin F , Salah Husam M. , Calle Maria C. Arciniegas , Thaden Jeremy J. , Nhola Lara F. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Pochettino Alberto , Greason Kevin L. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Villarraga Hector R.
Published: January 2020

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) causes left ventricular (LV) pressure overload, leading to adverse LV remodeling and dysfunction. Identifying early subclinical markers of LV dysfunction in patients with significant AS is critical as this could provide support for earlier intervention, which may result in improved long-term outcomes. We therefore examined the impact of severe AS and its consequent increase in LV afterload on myocardial deformation and rotational mechanics by 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Methods: We prospectively measured various strain parameters in 168 patients (42% female, mean age 72±12 years) with severe AS and LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥50%, and compared them to normal values found in literature. 2D and 3D images were analyzed for global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), basal rotation, apical rotation, and peak systolic twist. We further assessed the degree of concordance between 2D and 3D strain, and examined their association with measures of LV preload and afterload.

Results: Patients with severe AS exhibited significantly lower GLS and GRS but higher GCS, apical rotation, and twist by 2D and 3D echocardiography compared with published normal values (P=0.003 for 3D twist,P<0.001 for all others). Agreement between 2D- and 3D-GLS by concordance correlation coefficient was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.39-0.57). GLS was correlated with valvulo-arterial impedance, a measure of LV afterload (r=0.34, p<0.001 and r=0.23, p=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion: Patients with severe AS demonstrated lower-than-normal GLS and GRS but appear to compensate with higher-than-normal GCS, apical rotation, and twist in order to maintain a preserved LVEF. GLS showed a modest correlation with valvulo-arterial impedance.
Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences
Authors: Author) Paul J. Galewski(New Corresponding , Author) J. Mitchell McGrath(Former Corresponding
Published: January 2020

Background:
Diversification on the basis of utilization is a hallmark of Beta vulgaris (beet), as well as other crop species. Often, crop improvement and management activities are segregated by crop type, thus preserving unique genome diversity and organization. Full interfertility is typically retained in crosses between these groups and more traits may be accessible if the genetic basis of crop type lineage were known, along with available genetic markers to effect efficient transfer (e.g., via backcrossing). Beta vulgaris L. (2n =18) is a species complex composed of diverged lineages (e.g., crop types), including the familiar table, leaf (chard), fodder, and sugar beet crop types. Using population genetic and statistical methods with whole genome sequence data from pooled samples of 23 beet cultivars and breeding lines, relationships were determined between accessions based on identity-by-state metrics and shared genetic variation among lineages.
Results:
Distribution of genetic variation within and between crop types showed extensive shared (e.g. non-unique) genetic variation. Lineage specific variation (e.g. apomorphy) within crop types supported a shared demographic history within each crop type, while principal components analysis revealed strong crop type differentiation. Relative contributions of specific chromosomes to genome wide differentiation were ascertained, with each chromosome revealing a different pattern of differentiation with respect to crop type. Inferred population size history for each crop type helped integrate selection history for each lineage, and highlighted potential genetic bottlenecks in the development of cultivated beet lineages.
Conclusions:
A complex evolutionary history of cultigroups in Beta vulgaris was demonstrated, involving lineage divergence as a result of selection and reproductive isolation. Clear delineation of crop types was obfuscated by historical gene flow and common ancestry (e.g. admixture and introgression, and sorting of ancestral polymorphism) which served to share genome variation between crop types and, likely, important phenotypic characters. Table beet was well differentiated as a crop type, and shared more genetic variation within than among crop types. The sugar beet group was not quite as well differentiated as the table beet group. Fodder and chard groups were intermediate between table and sugar groups, perhaps the result of less intensive selection for end use.