bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPCIÃ“N DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÃA SOBRE LA SIMULACIÃ“N CLÃNICA: UN ANÃLISIS DE SU EXPERIENCIA FORMATIVA
Authors: DÃ¡vila Bastidas Cristian Alfonso , Vaca Auz Janet , Hidrobo GuzmÃ¡n JosÃ© FabiÃ¡n
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCCIÃ“N: La simulaciÃ³n clÃ­nica fortalece la adquisiciÃ³n de competencias clÃ­nicas para enfrentar con Ã©xito las situaciones reales de atenciÃ³n sanitaria. OBJETIVO: Determinar la percepciÃ³n de los estudiantes de enfermerÃ­a sobre el aprendizaje a travÃ©s de la simulaciÃ³n clÃ­nica. METODOS: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo transversal, en una muestra de 316 estudiantes, seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilÃ­stico estratificado, entre octubre 2022 y febrero 2023. Se utilizÃ³ una escala con propiedades psicomÃ©tricas adecuadas, denominada Escala de SatisfacciÃ³n de Experiencias ClÃ­nicas Simuladas (ESECS), con tres dimensiones: prÃ¡ctica, cognitiva y realismo. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados con el soporte del programa estadÃ­stico SPSS. RESULTADOS: La percepciÃ³n de los estudiantes es positiva con una media de 8,11 y una desviaciÃ³n estÃ¡ndar de 1,23; el mayor grado de satisfacciÃ³n corresponde a la dimensiÃ³n prÃ¡ctica, en las variables motivaciÃ³n y dinamismo de las clases prÃ¡cticas con un 87,7%, cifras similares con un 82,6%, obtiene satisfacciÃ³n con los aprendizajes adquiridos y un 78,2% correspondiente a la interacciÃ³n con docentes y compaÃ±eros. CONCLUSIÃ“N: Se evidencia que la simulaciÃ³n clÃ­nica se constituye una metodologÃ­a de aprendizaje, idÃ³nea para el desarrollo profesional en los estudios de enfermerÃ­a, y es necesario reforzarla de tal forma que permita mejorar la calidad de la formaciÃ³n
CUIDADO DE ENFERMERÍA DURANTE EL PROCESO DE EXTUBACIÓN: DESDE LA TEORÍA DE KRISTEN SWANSON
Authors: Álvarez Muñoz Edgardo , Rivas-Riveros Edith
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: El creciente aumento de la incidencia del soporte ventilatorio mecánico ha impulsado el interés y desarrollo de estudios para mejorar la conducción de este proceso, sin embargo, conocer las experiencias que han vivido los profesionales de enfermería durante la extubación, puede contribuir a mejorar las prácticas de cuidado para hacer el proceso más humanizado y hacer de la UCI un lugar más ameno para la recuperación. OBJETIVO: Describir la percepción de profesionales de enfermería sobre los cuidados durante el proceso de weaning sustentado en los principios teóricos de Kristen Swanson. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, en base a un diseño fenomenológico según Husserl. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista realizada por Google Meet, grabada en audio y luego transcrita a texto. El proceso de análisis formal estuvo orientado por los 9 pasos de Colaizzi. Para aumentar la credibilidad y precisión de la investigación se utilizaron los criterios de rigor propuestos por Lincoln y Guba. RESULTADOS: Emergieron 15 temas relacionados a los procesos de cuidado de Swanson. Se encontraron hallazgos en relación a cuidados integrales en contexto de extubación; encontrar significado al proceso de destete como experiencia de vida y la relación profesional-paciente en la extubación. CONCLUSIÓN: La experiencia al entregar cuidados durante el proceso de extubación deja en evidencia la importancia que otorgan no solo a aspectos hemodinámicos, fisiológicos y parámetros ventilatorios, sino que también a favorecer que la experiencia del destete sea realizada en un contexto de integralidad, seguridad, calidad, humanismo y respeto por sus derechos.
REVISION NARRATIVA: AUTOMEDICACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DEL ÁREA DE LA SALUD RELACIONADO CON SALUD MENTAL EN PANDEMIA COVID-19, 2020 - 2022.
Authors: Hernandez Diaz Alejandro Antonio , Hernández Carrasco Daniela , Peña Figueroa Doris , Troncoso Wormald Ailyn
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha observado desde el inicio de la pandemia cómo ha evolucionado y deteriorado la salud de los estudiantes principalmente en carreras del área de la salud, llevando a una parte de ellos a la automedicación OBJETIVO: Analizar la evidencia científica respecto a la automedicación en estudiantes del área de la salud en relación a problemas de salud mental en la pandemia COVID-19. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión narrativa, la investigación se realizó desde abril hasta diciembre del año 2022, los textos incluidos fueron en idioma español, inglés y portugués. Se utilizaron 4 bases de datos. RESULTADOS: 4 artículos fueron identificados y rescatados, 3 latinoamericanos en específico todos de Brasil y un asiático, de universidades tanto públicas como privadas, todas las investigaciones tuvieron el denominador común COVID-19 y su correlación con automedicación solo en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, todas publicadas solo entre 2020 y 2022. CONCLUSIONES: Las carreras del ámbito de la salud que más se automedicaron son en orden: medicina, enfermería y farmacia. Los fármacos más utilizados fueron: ansiolíticos, antidepresivos e hipnóticos. Los trastornos de salud mental más evidenciados para la automedicación fueron ansiedad, depresión, alteración en los patrones del sueño, estrés, miedo, crisis de angustia, confusión, impotencia e ira, todas como efectos pandémicos. La automedicación es más frecuente a medida que los estudiantes van avanzando en su formación académica. Factores para la automedicación fueron problemas en el ámbito socioeconómico-familiar, falta de acceso a internet, falta de actividades prácticas, posible contagio.
GESTIÓN DEL CUIDADO DE ENFERMERÍA EN PERSONAS CON INTENTOS DE SUICIDIO
Authors: Hernández Yarintza , Guevara Rumbos Berta , Jiménez Gladys
Published: August 2024

Algunas indagaciones sobre el suicidio indican que en muchos países se notifican las tasas más altas a escala mundial. Este se ubica entre las principales causas de muerte en adolescentes, jóvenes y en la población adulta y económicamente activa. El propósito del presente artículo es realizar un análisis crítico y reflexivo acerca de la importancia del cuidado de enfermería integral a la persona con intento suicida. Es imperativo concientizar en todos los ámbitos, la necesidad de prevenir el suicidio y que las personas puedan encontrar la ayuda en momentos de ideaciones suicidas sin temor a ser juzgados o señalados. En tal sentido, el cuidado que proporcionan los profesionales de enfermería en todas sus concepciones filosóficas resulta fundamental en la práctica diaria para abordar de manera integral al paciente con intento autolítico.
Postimágenes del anime en la literatura chilena (2016-2022): elaboraciones de una memoria mediatizada a través de la marginalidad y la disidencia
Authors:   , Pérez Díaz Javier A.
Published: August 2024

La literatura chilena actual presenta obras que aluden al anime y, en menor medida, al manga, a través de nuevas mediaciones intermediales que modifican el discurso literario nacional. Bajo la noción de postimagen, la presente investigación analiza las mediaciones intermediales del anime insertando fotogramas de las producciones que influyeron afectivamente en motivos e imágenes verbales del corpus literario seleccionado, lo que permite registrar la construcción de una memoria mediatizada particular. En dicho corpus, se encuentran escritos de Juan Pablo Sutherland, Rodrigo Zúñiga, Isabel Bustos, Gustavo Barrera, Wladymir Bernechea, Christopher Rosales, Sofía Carrère, Nicolás Meneses, Pablo D. Sheng y Eduardo Graells-Garrido. En los resultados de análisis se observa una consistencia a lugares de enunciación populares y marginales, con preferencia a movilizar emociones como la superación personal y la fraternidad, con algunas disonancias según la época referida, ya sea la dictadura que referencia series como Heidi y Mazinger Z, o la postdictadura en la que aparecen Sailor Moon, Slam Dunk, Hajime no Ippo (Espíritu de Lucha), entre otras.
Métodos DPG para el problema quad-curl
Authors:   , Herrera Ortiz Pablo
Published: August 2024

Los problemas relevantes de la magnetohidrodinámica y la dispersión electromagnética utilizan operadores diferenciales de cuarto orden de tipo rotacional, generalmente denominados operadores quad-curl. Su uso requiere métodos de aproximación numérica. En el caso de los operadores quad-curl, la literatura correspondiente es escasa. La discretización de operadores de cuarto orden es difícil debido al requisito de regularidad para las aproximaciones conformes y la presencia de kernels no triviales. Proponemos emplear el método de Petrov-Galerkin discontinuo (método DPG) con funciones de test óptimas. Este es un marco propuesto por Demkowicz y Gopalakrishnan que tiene como objetivo la estabilidad discreta automática de los esquemas de aproximación.El trabajo está dividido en tres partes. La primera parte examina el problema quad-div en dos y tres dimensiones, mostrando su relación con el operador quad-curl $Curl^4$ en el caso 2D. Presentamos el problema como sistemas de primer y segundo orden. Adicionalmente, proporcionamos un método completamente discreto y realizamos un experimento numérico para el caso adaptativo. En la segunda parte, escribimos el operador quad-curl como $-\Curl\Delta\Curl$, formulamos el problema como un sistema de segundo orden y proporcionamos una formulación variacional ultra-débil. Utilizamos los operadores de Fortin del método DPG para el problema de Kirchhoff--Love en 2D para analizar el esquema completamente discreto. Mostramos una aplicación al problema de Stokes en 2D con cargas en $L_2$ y $H^{-1}$. En la tercera parte, estudiamos directamente el operador $\Curl^4$ en 3D como un sistema de segundo orden y proporcionamos una formulación variacional ultra-débil. En este caso, la existencia de un operador de Fortin es un problema abierto.A lo largo de la tesis, empleamos el marco teórico DPG con formulaciones ultra-débiles. La mayor parte de nuestro análisis se centra en estudiar los operadores de traza, los espacios de traza y los saltos. Estos son claves para caracterizar la regularidad, la conformidad y las condiciones de contorno. Desarrollamos operadores de Fortin los cuales son necesarios para la estabilidad de las formulaciones mixtas. Para todos los casos definimos y analizamos los operadores de traza y espacios necesarios, demostramos el buen planteamiento de las formulaciones variacionales y su discretización, y derivamos estimaciones de error a priori.También examinamos técnicas para la inclusión de condiciones de contorno no homogéneas.Proporcionamos experimentos numéricos para todos los problemas y formulaciones. Estos confirman las propiedades de convergencia esperadas.
The experience of social status in a Chilean sample as a predictor of health outcomes
Authors:   , Rodríguez-González Laura Cristina
Published: August 2024

This dissertation explores the complex relationship between social status and health outcomes within a Chilean sample, offering a comprehensive examination of the status syndrome proposed by Michael Marmot. The research adopts a multidisciplinary approach to investigate how the psychological experience of social status, particularly autonomy and social integration, influences physiological stress markers. The dissertation comprises two empirical studies and a theoretical discussion presented in three manuscripts.The first manuscript provides a theoretical exploration linking the status syndrome with Self-Determination Theory (SDT). By integrating concepts of autonomy and social integration from the Capability Approach with the basic psychological needs posited by SDT. In addition, this manuscript proposes a structured intervention model aimed at enhancing well-being through health promotion strategies tailored to individuals' social contexts. The second manuscript focuses on adapting and validating a measurement instrument assessing the perception of economic inequality within the Chilean context.The third manuscript empirically investigates the association between social status experiences and cardiovascular health markers, specifically blood pressure and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. This study builds on the work of Seeman et al. (2014), which measured generalized control and social integration in relation to allostatic load, by incorporating negative affectivity as a critical component of the status syndrome. Collectively, this dissertation raises important questions about the status syndrome and underscores the need to further explore its mechanisms, particularly in diverse populations and healthcare contexts. Understanding these complexities is crucial for informing population health interventions and addressing less visible health indicators that exert a detrimental effect on health.
Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 8: emprego digno e crescimento econômico
Authors: Medina Filho Antonio Luiz de , Ranha Antonio , Bauzer Bruno de Almeida , Francisco Marcela Lobo , Trannin Maria Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Este artigo científico tem como objetivo analisar Políticas e Práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável, com foco no objetivo 8 da Agenda 2030 da ONU para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável.  O ODS 8 visa promover o crescimento econômico, inclusivo e sustentável, o emprego pleno e produtivo, e o trabalho decente para todos. Através de uma metodologia mista, onde é feita a análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, esse estudo busca examinar o progresso global e brasileiro em direção ao alcance do ODS 8, identificar desafios e oportunidades associados à promoção do trabalho decente e pleno emprego, e destacar as políticas e práticas eficazes que podem contribuir para a realização desses objetivos. Ao abordar questões relacionadas à igualdade de gênero, saúde mental dos trabalhadores, inclusão social, erradicação do trabalho infantil, combate contra a cultura de assédio, e redução da informalidade no mercado de trabalho, este artigo visa fornecer insights valiosos para formuladores de políticas, organizações da sociedade civil e outras partes interessadas que buscam promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e a justiça social através da promoção do trabalho decente e pleno emprego no país.
Functional Time Series Models for K-Step Prediction of Sugar Production: A Case Study of Eswatini, Kenya, and South Africa
Authors: Agwingi Willis Oduor , Kihara Pius Nderitu , Karanjah Anthony Nyutu
Published: August 2024

Sugar, produced from cane or beet, is a vital energy source and a globally traded commodity. Most business happens in a futures exchange market where speculators, hedgers, and institutional consumers and producers, make decisions based on their understanding of the future supply and demand situation. Sugar is sometimes bought and sold before the cane or beet is planted. Hence, improving sugar production forecast accuracy is vital to maximize gains and enable effective planning. The study considered the annual sugar production total as a function of the monthly output rather than a scalar quantity and analyzed historical data using three functional time series techniques. In particular, the methods used for k-steps and dynamic updating prediction of sugar production include Local Polynomial Regression (LPR), Ridge Regression (RR), and Penalized Least Squares (PLS). The performance of the three models was compared to that of the automatic ARIMA method using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) measures to establish the suitability of each technique in sugar production forecasting. The LPR, RR, and PLS outperformed the ARIMA method in all three cases. However, the prediction accuracy was lower for highly volatile datasets from countries that overly depend on rainfall for cane development.
Time Series Modeling and Forecasting of Finger Millet Cultivation Area, Production and Productivity in Chhattisgarh, India: The Box Jenkins Methodology
Authors: Chandra Ram Prasad , Sahu Bhagawat Prasad
Published: August 2024

Chhattisgarh has taken important steps towards promoting millets cultivation and improving the livelihood of farmers. To increase millets production in Chhattisgarh, the state government launched the Millet Mission in September 2021. This mission has been started with a view to make Chhattisgarh the ‘millet hub of India’. The present study was conducted on time series modelling and forecasting of finger millet crops in Chhattisgarh India using Box Jenkins methodology and used historical data on currently cultivated area, production and yield of finger millet crops. The time series data was collected from 2001 to 2023, and analysis of the study was carried out using path analysis and Box Jenkins ARIMA model; and among various 20 models the best and suitable ARIMA (0, 1, 2), (3, 1, 1) and (2, 0, 4) model was selected based on AIC, BIC, MAPE, RMSE, MAE. With the help of the selected appropriate model, the cultivation area, production and yield of finger millet cultivation in Chhattisgarh was forecasted for the year 2024 to 2030. But marvellous, diminishing and fluctuating trend was observed in finger millet cultivation area and production over the forecast period. Whereas increasing and stochastic trend was observed in finger millet yield over the forecast period.
The Unique Structural Evolution of the O3‐Phase Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 during High Rate Charge/Discharge: A Sodium‐Centred Perspective
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Gonzalo Elena , Pramudita James C. , Han Man Huon , Brand Helen E. A. , Hart Judy N. , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping , Rojo Teófilo
Published: July 2015

The development of new insertion electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries requires an in‐depth understanding of the relationship between electrochemical performance and the structural evolution during cycling. To date in situ synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction methods appear to be the only probes of in situ electrode evolution at high rates, a critical condition for battery development. Here, the structural evolution of the recently synthesized O3‐phase of Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 is reported under relatively high current rates. The evolution of the phases, their lattice parameters, and phase fractions, and the sodium content in the crystal structure as a function of the charge/discharge process are shown. It is found that the O3‐phase persists throughout the charge/discharge cycle but undergoes a series of two‐phase and solid‐solution transitions subtly modifying the sodium content and atomic positions but keeping the overall space‐group symmetry (structural motif). In addition, for the first time, evidence of a structurally characterized region is shown that undergoes two‐phase and solid‐solution phase transitions simultaneously. The Mn/Fe–O bond lengths, c lattice parameter evolution, and the distance between the Mn/FeO6 layers are shown to concertedly change in a favorable manner for Na+ insertion/extraction. The exceptional electrochemical performance of this electrode can be related in part to the electrode maintaining the O3‐phase throughout the charge/discharge process.
Design and Integration in Electro‐Optic Devices of Highly Efficient and Robust Red‐NIR Phosphorescent Nematic Hybrid Liquid Crystals Containing [Mo6I8(OCOCnF2n+1)6]2− (n = 1, 2, 3) Nanoclusters
Authors: Prévôt Marianne , Amela‐Cortes Maria , Manna Sumann K. , Lefort Ronan , Cordier Stéphane , Folliot Hervé , Dupont Laurent , Molard Yann
Published: July 2015

By combining [Mo6I8(C
n
F2n+1COO)6]2‐ (n = 1, 2, 3) nanocluster units with liquid crystalline ammonium cations, a new series of hybrid materials is developed that show a nematic liquid crystal phase, the most fluid of all LC phase, on a large range of temperatures including room temperature. The photophysical studies performed in the LC state show that these self‐assembled hybrid materials emit in the red‐NIR with absolute quantum yields up to 0.7 and show a very good photostability under continuous irradiation. They are further integrated up to 20 wt% in E7, a well‐known nematic commercial LC mixture. Mixtures are investigated in terms of homogeneity and stability to select the best suitable candidate for the design of electro‐controlled devices. Studies of optical switching, contrast, viscosity, and behavior toward an electrical stimulus demonstrate the high potential of these hybrid materials in the fields of photonic or optoelectronic.
Morphology of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends: Effects of carbon nanotubes aspect ratio and surface modification
Authors: Guo Jiaxi , Briggs Nicholas , Crossley Steven , Grady Brian P.
Published: July 2015

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with aspect ratios (ARs) ranging from 94 to 474 were incorporated into polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends using solution mixing and melt mixing. Also, two functionalized MWCNTs were prepared from the nanotubes having AR 94: one was oxidized by nitric acid while the other was further modified with amine‐terminated PS attached to carboxyl groups to form amides. The two functionalized MWCNTs (1 wt %) were used to show that which phase the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were located in could be controlled with nanotube surface chemistry. When nanotubes were confined to the minor phase, the size of the minor domain first decreased with adding low AR CNT as expected due to the increased viscosity of the minor phase. However, at higher ARs, the size increased beyond the size for the minor domain with no nanotubes, and at high enough AR, the shape of the minor domain changed from spherical to an elongated irregular shape. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3500–3510, 2015
Boron‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Amines using Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Fu Ming‐Chen , Shang Rui , Cheng Wan‐Min , Fu Yao
Published: July 2015

A boron‐based catalyst was found to catalyze the straightforward alkylation of amines with readily available carboxylic acids in the presence of silane as the reducing agent. Various types of primary and secondary amines can be smoothly alkylated with good selectivity and good functional‐group compatibility. This metal‐free amine alkylation was successfully applied to the synthesis of three commercial medicinal compounds, Butenafine, Cinacalcet. and Piribedil, in a one‐pot manner without using any metal catalysts.
Known structure, unknown function: An inquiry‐based undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course
Authors: Gray Cynthia , Price Carol W. , Lee Christopher T. , Dewald Alison H. , Cline Matthew A. , McAnany Charles E. , Columbus Linda , Mura Cameron
Published: July 2015

Undergraduate biochemistry laboratory courses often do not provide students with an authentic research experience, particularly when the express purpose of the laboratory is purely instructional. However, an instructional laboratory course that is inquiry‐ and research‐based could simultaneously impart scientific knowledge and foster a student's research expertise and confidence. We have developed a year‐long undergraduate biochemistry laboratory curriculum wherein students determine, via experiment and computation, the function of a protein of known three‐dimensional structure. The first half of the course is inquiry‐based and modular in design; students learn general biochemical techniques while gaining preparation for research experiments in the second semester. Having learned standard biochemical methods in the first semester, students independently pursue their own (original) research projects in the second semester. This new curriculum has yielded an improvement in student performance and confidence as assessed by various metrics. To disseminate teaching resources to students and instructors alike, a freely accessible Biochemistry Laboratory Education resource is available at http://biochemlab.org. © 2015 The Authors Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(4):245–262, 2015.
Self‐reported student confidence in troubleshooting ability increases after completion of an inquiry‐based PCR practical
Authors: Cook Anthony L. , Snow Elizabeth T. , Binns Henrica , Cook Peta S.
Published: July 2015

Inquiry‐based learning (IBL) activities are complementary to the processes of laboratory discovery, as both are focused on producing new findings through research and inquiry. Here, we describe the results of student surveys taken pre‐ and postpractical to an IBL undergraduate practical on PCR. Our analysis focuses primarily student perceptions of knowledge acquisition and their ability to troubleshoot problems. The survey results demonstrate significant self‐reported gains in knowledge related to DNA structure and PCR, and an increase in confidence with “troubleshooting problems during scientific experiments.” We conclude that the IBL‐based approach that combines PCR primer design with wet laboratory experimentation using student‐designed primers, provides students a sense of confidence by imparting workplace and research skills that are integral to diverse forms and applications of laboratory practices. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):316–323, 2015.
Views from academia and industry on skills needed for the modern research environment
Authors: Talgar Cigdem P. , Goodey Nina M.
Published: July 2015

Reports from employers of higher education graduates indicate the existence of a considerable gap between the skills required by employers and those possessed by recent graduates. As a first step toward closing this gap, this study aims to determine its origin. Interviews with nine research‐active biochemistry professionals were used to identify the most important skills for biochemistry students to succeed in research positions postgraduation. The results of these interviews were used to develop a survey, which was then administered to a larger group of biochemistry faculty and industry professionals. The output of the survey was a list of 52 skills valued by biochemistry professionals and rated by perceived importance. Importantly, the survey results also afford a comparative look at the prioritization of skills by two key populations: the academic faculty training students and the industry professionals hiring them. While there are many areas of agreement between these two populations, the survey also reveals areas were priorities diverge. The discrepancies found here suggest that the skills gap manifest at the point of employment may stem directly from differences in prioritization between the academic and industrial environments. This article aims to provide insight into the needs and requirements of the modern biochemical research environment, and invites debate concerning the preparation students receive in academia. Moreover, the results presented herein point to a need for further exploration of the possible misalignment of these two critical environments for young scientists. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):324–332, 2015.
Retroperitoneal course of iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nerves: A study to improve identification and excision during triple neurectomy
Authors: Geh Ndi , Schultz Mike , Yang Lynda , Zeller John
Published: July 2015

Triple neurectomy of the iliohypogastric (IHN), ilioinguinal (IIN), and genitofemoral (GFN) nerves is an available treatment option for chronic groin pain when conservative measures are ineffective. This research study attempted to define the variability of IHN, IIN, and GFN by categorizing variation and establishing a relationship to clinically significant landmarks. 22 cadavers (43 specimens) were dissected. Age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, and pertinent medical history were recorded for each specimen. Nerve emergence, insertion, and split points were measured in relation to clinically significant landmarks. Retroperitoneal trajectories of IHN, IIN, and GFN were analyzed and categorized based on nerve branching patterns. IIN and IHN had three branching patterns – type A (47%) in which the IIH and IIN exit as separate branches; type B (26%) in which the IIH and IIN exit as a single bundle and split; and type C (28%) in which the IIH and IIN exit and do not split. The GFN had three branching patterns—type 1 (50%) in which the GFN exited from the psoas major and then split into the genital and femoral branches; type 2 (30%) in which the GFN exited and did not split; and type 3 (20%) in which the GFN exited the psoas major already split into the genital and femoral branches. Variations in the IHN, IIN, and GFN nerves outlined in this study will provide surgeons with clinically useful information aiding in successful and efficient localization of these nerves during retroperitoneal procedures, including laparoscopic triple neurectomy. Clin. Anat. 28:903–909, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operando Synthesis of a Dendritic and Well‐Crystallized Molybdenum Oxide/Silver Catalyst for Enhanced Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xia Xiaohong , Shen Xuan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Ye Weichun , Wang Chunming
Published: July 2015

Dendritic MoO3/Ag with good crystallinity has been prepared through an operando method. In the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), this catalyst, which was designed to utilize the best properties of each component material, showed a high catalytic activity. After the precursor was drop‐cast onto a glassy carbon electrode, a reductive potential was applied to the coated electrode, and H2 evolution occurred within the range of potentials. The overpotential required to evolve H2 at the benchmark rate decreased progressively with subsequent voltammetric cycles, until a steady state was reached at which only 145 mV of overpotential was required to pass −10 mA cm−2 of current density. During the electrocatalysis, the precursor was converted to catalyst through an operando method. This operando‐synthesized MoO3/Ag catalyst has a low Tafel slope (43 mV dec−1), low overpotential (145 mV), and excellent durability for HER. It has the potential to be a promising material for HER.
Synthesis of Mesoporous FeN/C Materials with High Catalytic Performance in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Shiping , Zhu Minglei , Bao Xiaobing , Wang Jing , Chen Chunhong , Li Haoran , Wang Yong
Published: July 2015

The tedious and costly route of the general nanocasting method hinders the commercial application of mesoporous non‐precious metal catalysts based on transition metal‐coordinating nitrogen‐doped carbons (MN/C). Here, a simple, economic and sustainable hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)/soft templating method is demonstrated for the direct preparation of mesoporous FeN/C materials (FeN/MC). By this method, FeN/MC materials with high specific surface area, hierarchically mesoporous structure, and appropriate iron and nitrogen contents are prepared. The optimized FeN/MC materials exhibit superior catalytic performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to commercial Pt/C in 0.1 M KOH. This confirms that the materials are one of the most efficient non‐precious metal catalysts for the ORR in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, considerable durability and ORR activity are demonstrated by the FeN/MC materials in 0.1 M HClO4. Thus, this HTC/soft templating method has great promise for the practical application of this kind of non‐precious metal catalysts in the ORR.
Influence of the Multivalency of Ultrashort Arg‐Trp‐Based Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) on Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hoffknecht Barbara C. , Worm Dennis J. , Bobersky Sandra , Prochnow Pascal , Bandow Julia E. , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: July 2015

Peptide dendrimers are a class of molecules of high interest in the search for new antibiotics. We used microwave‐assisted, copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC; “click” chemistry) for the simple and versatile synthesis of a new class of multivalent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) containing solely arginine and tryptophan residues. To investigate the influence of multivalency on antibacterial activity, short solid‐phase‐ synthesized azide‐modified Arg‐Trp‐containing peptides were “clicked” to three different alkyne‐modified benzene scaffolds to access scaffolds with one, two, or three peptides. The antibacterial activity of 15 new AMPs was investigated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays on five different bacterial strains, including a multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. With ultrashort (2–3 residues) peptides, a clear synergistic effect of the trivalent display was observed, whereas this effect was not apparent with longer peptides. The best candidates showed activities in the low‐micromolar range against Gram‐positive MRSA. Surprisingly, the best activity against Gram‐negative Acinetobacter baumannii was observed with an ultrashort dipeptide on the trivalent scaffold (MIC: 7.5 μM). The hemolytic activity was explored for the three most active peptides. At concentrations ten times the MIC values, <1 % hemolysis of red blood cells was observed.
Comorbidity and the risk of venous thromboembolism in prostate cancer
Authors: Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , O'Neill Meagan E.
Published: July 2015

In this issue, Ording et al use the Danish Cancer Registry to examine the interaction between prostate cancer, comorbidity, and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Their findings suggest that severe comorbidity and prostate cancer interact to synergistically increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, although their small sample and other limitations demand caution in interpreting the findings.
A Triazolyl‐Pyridine‐Supported CuI Dimer: Tunable Luminescence and Fabrication of Composite Fibers
Authors: Bai Shi‐Qiang , Kai Dan , Ke Karen Lin , Lin Ming , Jiang Lu , Jiang Ying , Young David James , Loh Xian Jun , Li Xu , Hor T. S. Andy
Published: July 2015

The dinuclear complex [Cu2I2(L1)2] (1) (L1=3‐((4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl)benzonitrile) is characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), powder XRD, IR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Unlike other related, known copper iodide complexes, it exhibits strong yellow emission in the solid state at both room temperature and 77 K. Showing good compatibility with PMMA, it is blended with the polymer in different weight ratios to prepare luminescent composite fibers.
Parental involvement, adolescents' self‐determined learning and academic achievement in Urban China
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Cai Tianji
Published: July 2015

Self‐determined learning is essential to academic success. The motivational resources development model argues that parents promote academic success in their children indirectly by nurturing self‐determined learner. In this study, applying a structural equation modelling and using data collected from 8th graders in Zhuhai, China (n = 1009) in 2012, we aim to answer 2 research questions: (a) What forms of parental involvement are highly correlated with self‐determined learning and (b) Can self‐determined learning fully mediate the relationship between parental involvement and students' academic performance? We find that parental leisure involvement is positively and significantly associated with the development of self‐determined learning, which in turn is significantly and positively correlated with academic achievement. Parental provision of structure or parental academic assistance is not significantly associated with students' self‐regulation and students' academic achievement.
Development of a fabric phase sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection method for the analysis of alkyl phenols in environmental samples
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Gaurav  , Kabir Abuzar , Furton Kenneth G. , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2015

A novel analytical method has been developed and validated for the quantification of alkyl phenols in aqueous and soil samples. Fabric phase sorptive extraction, a new sorptive microextraction technique, has been employed for the preconcentration of some endocrine‐disruptor alkylphenol molecules, namely, 4‐tert‐butylphenol, 4‐sec‐butylphenol, 4‐tert‐amylphenol, and 4‐cumylphenol, followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Various parameters influencing the fabric phase sorptive extraction performance, namely, extraction time, eluting solvent, elution time and pH of the sample matrix, were optimized. The chromatographic separation was carried out with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water (60:40 v/v) at an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a reversed‐phase C18 column at λmax 225 nm. The calibration curves of target analytes were prepared in the concentration range 5–500 ng/mL with good coefficient of determination values (R2 > 0.992). Extraction efficiency values were 74.0, 75.6, 78.0, and 78.3 for 4‐tert‐butylphenol, 4‐sec‐butylphenol, 4‐tert‐amylphenol, and 4‐cumylphenol, respectively. The limits of detection range from 0.161 to 0.192 ng/mL. Subsequently, the new fabric phase sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was successfully applied for the recovery of alkyl phenols from spiked ground water, river water, and treated water from a sewage treatment plant, and soil and sludge samples.
Rapid water quality change in the Elwha River estuary complex during dam removal
Authors: Foley Melissa M. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Beirne Matthew M. , Paradis Rebecca , Ritchie Andrew , Warrick Jonathan A.
Published: July 2015

Dam removal in the United States is increasing as a result of structural concerns, sedimentation of reservoirs, and declining riverine ecosystem conditions. The removal of the 32 m Elwha and 64 m Glines Canyon dams from the Elwha River in Washington, U.S.A., was the largest dam removal project in North American history. During the 3 yr of dam removal—from September 2011 to August 2014—more than ten million cubic meters of sediment was eroded from the former reservoirs, transported downstream, and deposited throughout the lower river, river delta, and nearshore waters of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Water quality data collected in the estuary complex at the mouth of the Elwha River document how conditions in the estuary changed as a result of sediment deposition over the 3 yr the dams were removed. Rapid and large‐scale changes in estuary conditions—including salinity, depth, and turbidity—occurred 1 yr into the dam removal process. Tidal propagation into the estuary ceased following a large sediment deposition event that began in October 2013, resulting in decreased salinity, and increased depth and turbidity in the estuary complex. These changes have persisted in the system through dam removal, significantly altering the structure and functioning of the Elwha River estuary ecosystem.
Biogeochemical and metagenomic analysis of nitrite accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone
Authors: Bristow Laura A. , Sarode Neha , Cartee John , Caro‐Quintero Alejandro , Thamdrup Bo , Stewart Frank J.
Published: July 2015

The Louisiana Shelf in the Gulf of Mexico experiences recurrent bottom water hypoxia under summertime eutrophic conditions. The onset, maintenance, and breakdown of hypoxia are associated with dynamic microbial biogeochemical cycles. However, the distribution of microbial taxa and metabolisms across Shelf oxygen gradients remains under‐characterized. We combined biogeochemical analyses of nitrogen (N) distributions and metabolic rates with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of summertime Shelf waters. Samples from an east–west transect during July 2012 revealed an inverse relationship between nitrite and oxygen concentrations, with concentrations exceeding 1 μmol L−1 at ∼ 50% oxygen saturation and reaching 4.6 μmol L−1 at the most oxygen‐depleted sites. Historical data confirms that nitrite accumulation occurs frequently in this region both above and below the hypoxic threshold. Experimental incubations demonstrated a strong decoupling between the two steps of nitrification, with ammonia oxidation proceeding up to 30 times faster than nitrite oxidation under low oxygen. 16S rRNA gene, metagenome, and metatranscriptome sequencing revealed a diverse microbial community, stratified over shallow (< 10 m) depth gradients, with an enrichment of ammonia‐oxidizing Thaumarchaeota genes and transcripts in deeper more oxygen‐depleted layers, and a comparatively low representation of sequences related to nitrite oxidation. A range of factors, including temperature and substrate availability, which may be linked indirectly to bottom water oxygen content, potentially drives decoupling of ammonia and nitrite oxidation on the Louisiana Shelf. Nitrite accumulation in hypoxic zones remains understudied and may have important effects on microbial nitrogen flux, algal dynamics, and production.
The effect of transmitted Er:YAG laser energy through a dental ceramic on different types of resin cements
Authors: Tak Onjen , Sari Tugrul , Arslan Malkoç Meral , Altintas Subutayhan , Usumez Aslihan , Gutknecht Norbert
Published: July 2015

Background and Objective

The laser debonding procedure of adhesively luted all‐ceramic restorations is based on the ablation of resin cement due to the transmitted laser energy through the ceramic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation transmitted through a dental ceramic on five different resin cements.

Materials and Methods

Five different resin cements were evaluated in this study: G‐Cem LinkAce, Multilink Automix, Variolink II, Panavia F, and Rely X Unicem U100. Disc shaped resin cement specimens (n = 10) were fabricated for each group. A ceramic disc was placed between the resin cement discs and the tip of the handpiece of Er:YAG laser device. The resin cement discs were irradiated through the ceramic and the volume of the resin cement discs were measured using a micro‐CT system before and after Er:YAG laser irradiation. The volume loss of the resin cement discs was calculated and analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey–HSD tests.

Results

The highest volume loss was determined in G‐Cem (1.1 ± 0.6 mm3) and Multilink (1.3 ± 0.1 mm3) (P < 0.05) groups, and the lowest volume loss was determined in Rely X (0.3 ± 0.07 mm3), Variolink (0.4 ± 0.2 mm3), and Panavia (0.6 ± 0.2 mm3) groups (P < 0.05). All resin cements were affected by the laser irradiation resulting in the volume loss of the cement; however, there are significant differences among different resin cements.

Conclusions

All the resin cements tested in this study were effected by the Er:YAG laser irradiation and there were significant differences among the resin cements with regard to ablation volume. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:602–607, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of a Poly(ethylene carbonate)‐Lithium Bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide Electrolyte
Authors: Motomatsu Joh , Kodama Hidekazu , Furukawa Takeo , Tominaga Yoichi
Published: July 2015

A new class of polymer electrolytes, consisting of poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) and metal salts, is expected to find application in all‐solid‐state batteries because of its excellent performance as an electrolyte. To study the ion‐conductive mechanism in PEC‐based electrolytes, broadband dielectric spectroscopy is used to analyze the correlation between dielectric relaxation and ionic conduction in PEC‐lithium bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide electrolytes over a broad range of salt concentration (0–150 mol%) at 40 °C. The PEC system has two relaxation modes, α and β, associated respectively with the segmental motion and the local motion of PEC chains. The conductivity increases exponentially with increasing salt concentration, while the α relaxation frequency (fα) decreases with increasing strength (Δεα) at low salt concentrations, whereas in contrast fα increases with Δεα being saturated at high salt concentrations above 10 mol%. It is believed that the mobility of PEC segment at high concentration is enhanced by two factors. The first is that intermolecular interactions decrease, given the existence of many ion pairs and aggregated ions around saturated PEC domains where the dissociated ions are highly concentrated. The second is that intramolecular interactions between CO and CH2 are lowered by the ion–dipole interaction.

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ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: Zuo Er‐Wei , Yang Xiao‐Gan , Lu Yang‐Qing , Xie Long , Shang Jiang‐Hua , Li Di , Yang Huan , Hu Lin‐Lin , Zhao Hui‐Min , Lu Sheng‐Sheng , Lu Ke‐Huan
Published: July 2015

The ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, involved in genetic recombination and sex‐chromosome silencing during meiosis, plays critical roles in the specification of germ‐line stem cells and the differentiation of gametes from gonocytes. Zygote‐specific proteasome assembly chaperone (ZPAC) is expressed in the early mouse embryo, where it is important for progression of the mouse maternal‐to‐zygotic transition. The role of ZPAC during spermatogenesis in the adult gonads, however, remains unknown. In this study, rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to determine theZpaccDNA sequence, a 1584‐bp transcript that includes a putative 1122‐bp open reading frame coding for a 373 amino acid protein. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed that ZPAC was specifically expressed in gonads. To further dissect the function of ZPAC during spermatogenesis, we employed PiggyBac‐based RNA interference vectors for transgenesis combined with cell transplantation to depleteZpacduring spermatogenesis. This RNAi‐mediate depletion inZpacexpression disrupted normal spermatogenesis from spermatogonial stem cells. Two independent yeast two‐hybrid screens further revealed an interaction between ZPAC and SYCE1. Together, these data suggest that ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 747–755, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutirate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)–Polystyrene Hybrid Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Leimann Fernanda Vitória , Costa Cristiane , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Musyanovych Anna , Landfester Katharina , Sayer Claudia , de Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes
Published: July 2015

Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were obtained by miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with poly(3‐hydroxybutirate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Lower polymerization rates were obtained with the gradual addition of PHBV. These results were represented by simulations using a mathematical model that takes into account grafting reactions between the growing polymeric chains and PHBV double bonds (reduced molar mass). Hybrid nanoparticles presented average diameters of up to 113 nm and grafting yield of 94.4%. The hybrid fractions obtained by Selective Soxhlet Extraction were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Blend nanoparticles were used to confirm the hybrid formation.
Affective and cognitive influence of control of navigation on cause sponsorship and non‐profit organizations
Authors: Wang Ye
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this research is to examine how control of navigation influences cognitive and affective sponsorship responses and attitude towards the non‐profit organization in the context of corporate websites. By conducting experiments on fictitious brands and existing non‐profit organizations, this study found that control of navigation did not influence sponsorship cognition. Attitude towards the website fully mediated the influence of control of navigation on attitude towards the sponsor's brand and attitude towards the non‐profit organization. Additionally, high control of navigation in combination with high perceived fit was associated with the most positive brand attitude. These findings suggest that control of navigation defined as an external control factor is primarily an affective heuristic; in addition, the heuristic processing influences not only the sponsor's brand but also the sponsored non‐profit organization. Practically, this study suggests that the navigation of corporate websites has to be user‐friendly in order to benefit the brand and ensure neutrality of consumers' judgement of the sponsored non‐profit organization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.