Perspectiva distribuida del liderazgo y la gestión escolar: elementos e implicancias cruciales (Distributed perspective of leadership and school management: crucial elements and implications)
Authors: Spillane James P. , Ortiz Melissa 
Published: January 2019

Emphasizing that leadership practices are actions that are carried out among different people, in situations - which have norms, organizational routines and tools that define them - the authors insist on not considering leadership as an individual activity. It is emphasized that it is a work carried out by multiple people, with or without formal positions in the organizational structure and whose purpose is to focus on teaching and the disciplinary particularities of it. Another relevant concept analyzed in the text is the ‘educational infrastructure’ that considers the set of existing resources to sustain, maintain and improve the quality of teaching and pose some key challenges to realistically take a shared view of leadership practices in school.ResumoEnfatizando que as práticas de liderança são ações realizadas entre pessoas diferentes, em situações – que têm normas, rotinas organizacionais e ferramentas que os definem – os autores insistem em não considerar a liderança como uma atividade individual. Destaca-se que se trata de um trabalho realizado por múltiplas pessoas, com ou sem posições formais na estrutura organizacional e cujo objetivo é o foco no ensino e as particularidades disciplinares do mesmo. Outro conceito relevante analisado no texto é a “infraestrutura educacional” que considera o conjunto de recursos existentes para sustentar, manter e melhorar a qualidade do ensino e propor alguns desafios-chave para uma visão compartilhada das práticas de liderança escolar.ResumenEnfatizando que las prácticas de liderazgo son acciones que se realizan entre diferentes personas, en situaciones -que tienen normas, rutinas organizacionales y herramientas que las definen- los autores instan a dejar de considerar el liderazgo como una actividad individual. Subrayan que se trata de una labor que protagonizan múltiples personas, con o sin cargos formales en la estructura organizacional y cuyo foco ha de centrarse en la docencia y en las particularidades disciplinares de ésta. Otro concepto relevante analizado en el texto, es el de ‘infraestructura educativa’ que considera el conjunto de recursos existentes para sostener, mantener y mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y plantean algunos desafíos clave para asumir con realismo una mirada compartida de las prácticas de liderazgo escolar.Keywords: School leadership, Shared leadership, Quality of teaching, Educational infrastructure.Palavras-chave: Liderança escolar, Liderança compartilhada, Qualidade do ensino, Infraestrutura educacional.Palabras claves: Liderazgo escolar, Liderazgo compartido, Calidad de la enseñanza, Infraestructura educativa.ReferencesBENNETT, N.; MARR, A. Judging the impact of leadership-development activities on school practice. Educational Forum, 67 (4), 2003, pp.  344-353.BRYK, A. S., SEBRING, P., ALLENSWORTH, E., LUPPESCU, S., & EASTON, J. Q. Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.BURCH, P. 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