bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different amplitudes of temperature fluctuation induce distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in the dung beetle Phanaeus vindex
Authors: Sheldon Kimberly S. , Barmchi Mojgan Padash , Carter Amanda W. , Marshall Katie E.
Published: November 2020

Most studies exploring molecular and physiological responses to temperature have focused on constant temperature treatments. To gain a better understanding of the impacts of fluctuating temperatures, we investigated impacts of increased temperature variation on Phanaeus vindex dung beetles across levels of biological organization. Specifically, we hypothesized that increased temperature variation is energetically demanding. We predicted that thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and energetic reserves would be reduced with increasing fluctuation. To test this, we examined responses of dung beetles exposed to constant (20°C), low fluctuation (20±5°C), or high fluctuation (20±12°C) temperature treatments using respirometry, energetic reserves, and HPLC-MS-based metabolomics. We found no significant differences in metabolic rates or energetic reserves, suggesting increased fluctuations were not energetically demanding. To understand why there was no effect of increased amplitude on energetics, we assembled and annotated a de novo transcriptome, finding non-overlapping transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of beetles exposed to different fluctuations. We found that 58 metabolites increased in abundance in both fluctuation treatments, but 15 only did so in response to high amplitude fluctuations. We found 120 transcripts were significantly upregulated following acclimation to any fluctuation, but 174 were upregulated only in beetles from the high amplitude fluctuation. Several differentially expressed transcripts were associated with post-translational modifications to histones that support a more open chromatin structure. Our results demonstrate that acclimation to different temperature fluctuations is distinct and may be supported by increasing transcriptional plasticity. Our results indicate for the first time that histone modifications may underlie rapid acclimation to temperature variation.
Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Torigoe Takeru
Published: November 2020

Strategies for regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation of heteroaromatic compounds are summarized herein. This review article consists of four sections: (1) Introduction; (2) C-H trifluoromethylation of five-membered heteroaromatic compounds; (3) C-H trifluoromethylation of six-membered heteroaromatic compounds; and (4) Conclusion. Each section is categorized by the reaction sites.
Study of 239Pu Microdistribution in Lung of Mayak Workers Using Neutron-Activated Measurement Method
Authors: Sypko S. , Bobov G. , Vvedensky V. , Nazarenkova A.
Published: November 2020

This study quantitatively compares 239Pu microdistribution in lung of two deceased former Mayak PA workers who were exposed to 239Pu by inhalation and two deceased subject who had been never employed at Mayak PA. The comparison is made utilizing neutron-activation method of measurement. The results are compared to the results of less-sensitive autoradiographic method. The study demonstrated that the most of 239Pu activity in lung is concentrated in areas of interstitial sclerosis.
Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain
Authors: Kuznetsova I. , Gillies M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The estimation of the radiation risk of leukemia incidence and mortality for occupational exposure.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in the pooled cohort comprised 45,817 workers from the two enterprises; 23,443 radiation workers first employed in 1947–2002 from the Sellafield plant (Great Britain) and 22,774 workers from the Mayak PA (Russia) first employed at the main plants in 1948–1982. The period of follow-up was terminated at the end of 2008 for Mayak workers who were Ozyorsk city residents, and at the end of 2005 for Sellafield workers and Mayak workers who had migrated from Ozyorsk.

Results: Comparable radiation risk estimates of leukemia incidence and mortality were found among Mayak PA and Sellafield workers as for the whole dose range and separate dose intervals. Averaged by attained age estimate of excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma-dose was 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.3–6.3) under the assumption of the linear dose–effect model. The quadratic model with attained age modification showed the best quality of fit. Risk estimates were statistically significant in the dose range 0.15–1.5 Gy. There was no evidence of any relationship between leukemia risks and accumulated red bone marrow dose of internal alpha-exposure due to incorporated Pu-239.

Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of the pooled cohort data has demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of a research project looking at leukemia risks in a joint cohort of Mayak and Sellafield workers. The current study provides further evidence about the already well established link between external-gamma exposure and leukemia risk. However, it fails to provide any firm further evidence about the absence or presence of relationship between plutonium exposure and leukemia risk.
Free Flap Reconstruction of a Challenging Defect in the Posterior Cervicothoracic Region Using the Transverse Cervical Artery
Authors: Lee Nae-Ho , Seo Du-Heon , Roh Si-Gyun , Chang Suk Choo , Shin Jin Yong
Published: November 2020

Reconstructions of large defects located in the posterior cervicothoracic region still present challenges to plastic surgeons. The local or regional flap is preferred in the posterior cervicothoracic region and many surgeons are reluctant to perform reconstruction using a microvascular free flap because of various reasons including vascular paucity. We report a case of a 60-year-old patient with the chronic wound at posterior cervicothoracic region. An anterolateral thigh free flap was considered the best available reconstructive method due to the size of the defect and the possibility of damaging the dorsal scapular artery. We used the transverse cervical artery and jugular vein as recipient vessels and the better result was shown than that of regional or local flaps. In our report, we presented that the transverse cervical artery which didn’t have commonly used can provide a reliable and advantageous recipient artery for the microvascular free flap reconstruction of posterior cervicothoracic defects.
Factores asociados a la utilización de servicios de atención ambulatoria en México: un análisis de los proveedores
Authors: Lara Figueroa Hugo Nathanael , García Salazar Edith Miriam
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el estudio de la salud como un bien económico señala que la demanda de servicios para la salud deriva de la necesidad percibida de una persona que solicita atención por motivos de prevención o curación. Para que esta se convierta en utilización deben existir, al mismo tiempo, prestadores que los proporcionen. Analizar las características de los distintos proveedores resulta útil para conocer cómo influyen en la demanda, así como en la manera en que puede mejorarse la atención. El objetivo es iden- tificar las características de la oferta de servicios para la salud que inciden en la utilización de atención ambulatoria de México. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) de 2018 y se elaboró un modelo de regresión logís- tico condicional que incluyó las características de los proveedores. Se simularon escenarios para mos- trar cambios en la probabilidad de la utilización diferenciada ante cambios en las variables de mayor impacto en el modelo. Resultados: las variables incorporadas en el modelo muestran una incidencia en la elección de proveedores; el precio del servicio presentó un impacto menor a los hallazgos de otros estudios, lo que sugiere que la atención ambulatoria pública se asemeja al comportamiento de un bien inferior. Conclusión: las características de los proveedores tienen impactos similares al de algunas variables sociodemográficas y económicas documentadas en diversos estudios.
Validez e invariancia factorial del Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI) en universitarios peruanos
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Ventura-León José , Azabache-Alvarado Karla , Reyes-Bossio Mario , Cabrera-Orosco Isabel
Published: November 2020

Introducción: actualmente, existe un mayor interés por el estudio del bienestar, debido a su importancia en el desarrollo y evaluación de políticas en salud a favor de la población en general. Por lo tanto, se hace necesaria una medición válida y confiable del bienestar. En este contexto, el estudio evaluó las evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna, confiabilidad e invarianza factorial por sexo del índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI). Materiales y métodos: participaron 499 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú) de sexo femenino (n = 271) y masculino (n = 228). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, confiabilidad por consistencia interna e invarianza factorial por sexo mediante un análisis multigrupo. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo unidimensional de cinco ítems con errores correlacionados de los ítems 1 y 4 presentaba un buen ajuste (χ2 = 9.667 [gl = 4]; p > 0.05; χ2/gl = 2.416; CFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.053 [IC90%: 0.006-0.097]; SRMR = 0.018). Además, se reportó una confiabilidad aceptable (ω = 0.758) e invariancia factorial por sexo. Conclusión: el WHO-5 WBI demostró evidencia empírica a favor de la validez basada en la estructura interna, confiabilidad de las puntuaciones e invariancia factorial, que permiten contar con un instrumento útil y rápido para la medición del bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes universitarios.
El nacimiento del “deporte silencioso” en Argentina: identificaciones e implicancias (1953-1975)
Authors: Ferrante Carolina
Published: November 2020

Introducción: el deporte silencioso constituye una oferta deportiva específica para las personas sordas, impulsada a fines del siglo pasado en Europa. Este artículo describe la emergencia de este tipo de práctica en Argentina y analiza algunas de sus implicancias en la lucha por el reconocimiento de esta minoría en sus dos primeras décadas de existencia en los ámbitos local y regional. Desarrollo: con este fin, se recuperan estudios franceses que detallan el rol político del deporte silencioso desde su fundación internacional. Luego, se pormenoriza la llegada de este movimiento a Argentina, a través de la constitución, en 1953, de la Federación Deportiva Silenciosa Argentina (FDSA). A su vez, realizando análisis de contenido de fuentes producidas por la comunidad sorda local, se examinan las identificaciones de la sordera agenciadas y sus implicancias. El corpus estudiado incluye la Primera Revista Silenciosa Argentina, estatutos, actas de reuniones, archivos de la FDSA, la colección completa de la publicación Ad-Verbum. Palabra por Palabra (publicada por la Confederación Argentina de Sordomudos) y entrevistas realizadas a líderes del deporte silencioso argentino. Conclusiones: la creación de la FDSA promovió el activismo sordo y fue un trampolín en la difusión del deporte silencioso en Argentina y Latinoamérica. Este impulso propicia una resignificación de la sordera que cuestiona el menosprecio social recibido de la mirada clínica terapéutica oralista y redunda en la lucha de las personas sordas por sus derechos e integración social, exigiendo el respeto de su singularidad como minoría lingüística.
Improving outcomes through education and co-creation
Authors: Meen Aimi , Lucas Geraldine
Published: November 2020

In this article, two midwifery educators reflect on the actions they have taken to improve outcomes for mothers and families
Saving babies' lives in a pandemic
Authors: Eldridge Heidi
Published: November 2020

The Mums And Midwives Awareness Academy is empowering parents to overcome their fear of attending their maternity unit
Managing diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morris David
Published: November 2020

People with diabetes are known to be more severely affected by COVID-19 than the general population. David Morris provides an overview of how to manage the illness in this group

The outbreak of a new viral infection in Wuhan, a city in Habei Province, China, became evident in December 2019. For most individuals who contract COVID-19 the disease is mild to moderate. Older people are disproportionately affected with serious disease, while children appear less likely to experience serious illness. A number of conditions are linked to increased severity of disease and poorer outcomes including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This article looks at why those with diabetes are at higher risk, and how to manage diabetes during the pandemic.
Digital transformation in general practice nursing during COVID-19
Authors: Gregory Ann
Published: November 2020

Ann Gregory explains how practice nurses have adapted to providing digital services during the COVID-19 pandemic
A case review to describe variation in care following diagnosis of Perthes' disease
Authors: Galloway Adam M. , Holton Colin , Parnami Varun , Wood Michelle , Craven Joanna , Green Nick , Siddle Heidi J. , Richards Suzanne , Comer Christine
Published: November 2020

Aims

Perthes’ disease is a condition which leads to necrosis of the femoral head. It is most commonly reported in children aged four to nine years, with recent statistics suggesting it affects around five per 100,000 children in the UK. Current treatment for the condition aims to maintain the best possible environment for the disease process to run its natural course. Management typically includes physiotherapy with or without surgical intervention. Physiotherapy intervention often will include strengthening/stretching programmes, exercise/activity advice, and, in some centres, will include intervention, such as hydrotherapy. There is significant variation in care with no consensus on which treatment option is best. The importance of work in this area has been demonstrated by the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery through the James Lind Alliance’s prioritization of work to determine/identify surgical versus non-surgical management of Perthes’ disease. It was identified as the fourth-highest priority for paediatric lower limb surgery research in 2018.

Methods

Five UK NHS centres, including those from the NEWS (North, East, West and South Yorkshire) orthopaedic group, contributed to this case review, with each entre providing clinical data from a minimum of five children. Information regarding both orthopaedic and physiotherapeutic management over a two-year post-diagnosis period was reviewed.

Results

Data were extracted from the clinical records of 32 children diagnosed with Perthes’ disease; seven boys and 25 girls. The mean age of the children at diagnosis was 6.16 years (standard deviation (SD) 3.001). In all, 26 children were referred for physiotherapy. In the two-year period following diagnosis, children were seen a median of 7.5 times (interquartile range (IQR) 4.25 to 11) by an orthopaedic surgeon, and a median of 9.5 times (IQR 8 to 18.25) by a physiotherapist. One centre had operated on all of their children, while another had operated on none. Overall, 17 (53%) of the children were managed conservatively in the two-year follow-up period, and 15 (47%) of the children underwent surgery in the two-year follow-up period.

Conclusion

The results of this case review demonstrate a variation of care provided to children in the UK with Perthes’ disease. Further national and international understanding of current care is required to underpin the rationale for different treatment options in children with Perthes’ disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-11:691–695.
Fighting Bias and Hate toward Asian Americans: An Interview with Bill Imada
Authors: Imada Bill , Tsai Wan-Hsiu Sunny
Published: November 2020

Abstract: In this interview, Dr. Sunny Tsai of the University of Miami talks with Bill Imada, Chief Connectivity Officer of IW Group, a minority owned and operated advertising, marketing, and communications agency focusing on growing multicultural and multigenerational markets. Many topics were covered during their conversation: Imada's career path to advertising, the role of advertising in society, the ability of the advertising industry to adapt more quickly than other sources of mediated content, historic bias and discrimination against Asian Americans in the United States, the genesis of the Wash The Hate campaign, responses to Wash The Hate campaign, the strategy behind Wash The Hate campaign, the campaign's broader impact and actions taken by other companies, how to fight the "model minority" and "perpetual foreigner" stereotypes, encouraging Asian Americans to vote, the difference between equality and equity, affirmative action, how to bridge cultural differences, and the need for older generations to create a path for younger generations to start to lead in finding solutions to society's many problems.
Scan-less 3D optical sensing/Lidar scheme enabled by wavelength division demultiplexing and position-to-angle conversion of a lens
Authors: Yao X. Steve , Liu Xuesheng , Hao Peng
Published: November 2020

We propose a novel scheme for 3D sensing or Lidar without the need for beam scan or 2D photo-imaging. The scheme is enabled by the combination of a lens’ position-to-angle conversion and the wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing (WDM) commonly used in optical fiber communication systems. However, unlike in a WDM system where different wavelengths carry different data channels, here lights of different wavelengths are demultiplexed into different waveguides or fibers with their exiting ends placed in the focal plane of the lens, which converts the exiting lights into beams of different angles to form a 1D or 2D beam array according to the relative position of the fiber ends with respect to the optical axis of the lens for illuminating the targets and finally sensing the light reflected from different directions. The returned signals are then demultiplexed into different photodetectors to determine the distances of the reflections in different directions. We show that the scheme has the potential to be implemented in photonics integrated circuit (PIC) for low cost production. We successfully demonstrate the scheme with the off-the-shelf discrete fiber optic components using 4 WDM channels and time-of-flight (ToF) technique for distance measurement, although hundreds wavelength channels from a photonic integrated microcomb may be used in practice. Finally, we demonstrate that the angular resolution of the beam array of different wavelengths can be improved by dithering the fiber array or the lens. We believe this new scheme provides an attractive alternative to the MEMS and optical phased array based beam scanning and can be explored further to enable low cost and high speed 3D sensing, particularly Lidar systems.
Enhanced optical pulse broadening in free-space optical links due to the radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Sunilkumar K. , Anand N. , Satheesh S. K. , Krishna Moorthy K. , Ilavazhagan G.
Published: November 2020

Propagation through turbulent media produces complex amplitude fluctuations and temporal spreading of narrow optical pulses. Light-absorbing aerosols present in the atmospheric transmission path will perturb the refractive index structure parameter (

C

n

2

) through atmospheric heating. The consequent enhancement in broadening and attenuation of ultrashort (femtosecond) optical pulses has been calculated by combining multi-satellite observations, radiosonde profiles and computational radiative transfer. It is shown that narrower optical pulses are more vulnerable to aerosol-induced impairments while broader pulses are more resilient, notwithstanding three to four orders of enhanced optical scintillation.
Theoretical investigation of using a yellow (577nm) laser for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Aflalo Kobi , Ben-David Moshe , Stern Adrian , Juwiler Irit
Published: November 2020

We present a theoretical analysis of laser coagulation for diabetic retinopathy (DR) eye surgery procedures. Using a Monte-Carlo multi-layer (MCML) simulation and a finite element model of the human eye, we derive the optimal surgery conditions and address the long standing debate regarding the best laser wavelength to be used. The differences between yellow (577nm) and green (532nm) lasers, which are the commonly used wavelengths for this procedure, have been studied previously, mostly via empirical studies. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we introduce for the first time a quantitative theoretical analysis to determine the best laser wavelength. Using our analysis, we determine optimal laser operation conditions for treating DR with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. We show that under these conditions, the yellow laser is significantly favorable.
Quantification of Ebola virus replication kinetics in vitro
Authors: Liao Laura E. , Carruthers Jonathan , Smither Sophie J. ,   CL4 Virology Team, Weller Simon A. , Williamson Diane , Laws Thomas R. , García-Dorival Isabel , Hiscox Julian , Holder Benjamin P. , Beauchemin Catherine A. A. , Perelson Alan S. , López-García Martín , Lythe Grant , Barr John N. , Molina-París Carmen
Published: November 2020

Mathematical modelling has successfully been used to provide quantitative descriptions of many viral infections, but for the Ebola virus, which requires biosafety level 4 facilities for experimentation, modelling can play a crucial role. Ebola virus modelling efforts have primarily focused onin vivovirus kinetics, e.g., in animal models, to aid the development of antivirals and vaccines. But, thus far, these studies have not yielded a detailed specification of the infection cycle, which could provide a foundational description of the virus kinetics and thus a deeper understanding of their clinical manifestation. Here, we obtain a diverse experimental data set of the Ebola virus infectionin vitro, and then make use of Bayesian inference methods to fully identify parameters in a mathematical model of the infection. Our results provide insights into the distribution of time an infected cell spends in the eclipse phase (the period between infection and the start of virus production), as well as the rate at which infectious virions lose infectivity. We suggest how these results can be used in future models to describe co-infection with defective interfering particles, which are an emerging alternative therapeutic.
Oxidative stress antagonizes fluoroquinolone drug sensitivity via the SoxR-SUF Fe-S cluster homeostatic axis
Authors: Gerstel Audrey , Zamarreño Beas Jordi , Duverger Yohann , Bouveret Emmanuelle , Barras Frédéric , Py Béatrice
Published: November 2020

The level of antibiotic resistance exhibited by bacteria can vary as a function of environmental conditions. Here, we report that phenazine-methosulfate (PMS), a redox-cycling compound (RCC) enhances resistance to fluoroquinolone (FQ) norfloxacin. Genetic analysis showed that E. coli adapts to PMS stress by making Fe-S clusters with the SUF machinery instead of the ISC one. Based upon phenotypic analysis of soxR, acrA, and micF mutants, we showed that PMS antagonizes fluoroquinolone toxicity by SoxR-mediated up-regulation of the AcrAB drug efflux pump. Subsequently, we showed that despite the fact that SoxR could receive its cluster from either ISC or SUF, only SUF is able to sustain efficient SoxR maturation under exposure to prolonged PMS period or high PMS concentrations. This study furthers the idea that Fe-S cluster homeostasis acts as a sensor of environmental conditions, and because its broad influence on cell metabolism, modifies the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli.
Intrusion detection by machine learning = Behatolás detektálás gépi tanulás által
Authors:   , Brunner Csaba
Published: November 2020

Since the early days of information technology, there have been many stakeholders who used the technological capabilities for their own benefit, be it legal operations, or illegal access to computational assets and sensitive information. Every year, businesses invest large amounts of effort into upgrading their IT infrastructure, yet, even today, they are unprepared to protect their most valuable assets: data and knowledge. This lack of protection was the main reason for the creation of this dissertation. During this study, intrusion detection, a field of information security, is evaluated through the use of several machine learning models performing signature and hybrid detection. This is a challenging field, mainly due to the high velocity and imbalanced nature of network traffic. To construct machine learning models capable of intrusion detection, the applied methodologies were the CRISP-DM process model designed to help data scientists with the planning, creation and integration of machine learning models into a business information infrastructure, and design science research interested in answering research questions with information technology artefacts. The two methodologies have a lot in common, which is further elaborated in the study. The goals of this dissertation were two-fold: first, to create an intrusion detector that could provide a high level of intrusion detection performance measured using accuracy and recall and second, to identify potential techniques that can increase intrusion detection performance. Out of the designed models, a hybrid autoencoder + stacking neural network model managed to achieve detection performance comparable to the best models that appeared in the related literature, with good detections on minority classes. To achieve this result, the techniques identified were synthetic sampling, advanced hyperparameter optimization, model ensembles and autoencoder networks. In addition, the dissertation set up a soft hierarchy among the different detection techniques in terms of performance and provides a brief outlook on potential future practical applications of network intrusion detection models as well.
The impact and effectiveness of the general public wearing masks to reduce the spread of pandemics in the UK: a multidisciplinary comparison of single-use masks versus reusable face masks.
Authors: Allison Ayse Lisa , Ambrose-Dempster Esther , Domenech Aparsi Teresa , Bawn Maria , Casas Arredondo Miguel , Chau Charnett , Chandler Kimberley , Dobrijevic Dragana , Hailes Helen C. , Lettieri Paola , Liu Chao , Medda Francesca , Michie Susan , Miodownik Mark , Munro Beth , Purkiss Danielle , Ward John M.
Published: November 2020

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government has mandated the use of face masks in various public settings and recommends the use of reusable masks to combat shortages of medically graded single-use masks in healthcare. To assist decision-making on the choice of masks for future pandemics, where shortages may not be a contributing factor, the UCL Plastic Waste Innovation Hub has carried out a multidisciplinary comparison between single-use and reusable masks based on their anatomy, standalone effectiveness, behavioural considerations, environmental impacts and costs.

Although current single-use masks have a higher standalone effectiveness against bacteria and viruses, studies show that reusable masks have adequate performance in slowing infection rates of respiratory viruses. Material Flow Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment and cost comparison show that reusable masks have a lower environmental and economic impact than single-use masks. If every person in the UK uses one single-use mask each day for a year, it will create a total waste of 124,000 tonnes, 66,000 tonnes of which would be unrecyclable contaminated plastic waste. Using reusable masks creates >85% less waste, generates 3.5 times lower impact on climate change and incurs 3.7 times lower costs.

Further behavioural research is necessary to understand the extent and current practices of mask use, and its effectiveness in reducing infection rates. Wearing single-use masks may be preferred over reusable masks due to perceptions of increased hygiene and convenience. Understanding behaviour towards the regular machine-washing of reusable masks for their effective reuse is key to maximise their public health benefits and minimise environmental and economic costs.
Effect of Reinforcements on Mechanical Properties of Nickel Alloy Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Processed by Sand Mold Technique
Authors: Jayappa Kumaraswamy , Kumar Vijaya , Purushotham Gange Gowda
Published: November 2020

Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) have gained wide applications in aerospace, marine, and domestic areas because of its significant properties relative to external forces and enabling environment. In present research work, Ni-alloy selected as a matrix and Al2O3 of 40–80 μm and TiO2 of 1–5 μm were selected as reinforcements. The composites were prepared by keeping 9 wt. % of TiO2 as unvarying and Al2O3 is varied from 3 weight % to 12 weight % in steps of 3 weight %. Induction furnace is used for the casting of composites and mixing is done by using mechanical stirring at 160 rpm for a time period of 5 min. The prepared composites are then tested for their tensile and hardness as per the ASTM standards. The Scanning Electron Microscopy was used for microstructural study. From experimentation, it was observed that increment in the weight percentage of Al2O3 with constant TiO2 increases the mechanical properties of hybrid composites and proper stirring improves homogeneity in the composite material. The test results show that the addition of Al2O3 up to 9 weight percent increases in tensile strength compared to Ni alloy and tensile strength slowly decreases with the addition of Al2O3 and that the hardness values are directly proportional to the weight percent of the addition of Al2O3 / TiO2.
Educação escolar indígena e intercultura: Um diálogo possível e necessário
Authors: Maders Sandra , Barcelos Valdo
Published: November 2020

Este texto tem como foco central discutir as questões relacionadas à educação escolar indígena no Brasil, bem como os pressupostos da interculturalidade para se pensa-la. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, de cunho qualitativo. A Educação Escolar Indígena no Brasil hoje requer uma postura crítica e cuidadosa. O que hoje se denomina de Nação brasileira formou-se pelo encontro de três grandes matrizes étnico-culturais: a Indígena, a Europeia e a Africana. Tal constatação nos remete a uma conclusão óbvia: qualquer proposta de educação que se pretenda generosa e inclusiva precisa levar em consideração as questões relativas à diversidade cultural da sociedade brasileira. Para que esse diálogo intercultural aconteça se faz necessário romper com a mentalidade colonial. Precisamos de um paradigma de relacionamento que reconheça/respeite a alteridade indígena e promova seu protagonismo (Castro, 2000). A Lei de Diretrizes e Base (LDB) propõe um conjunto de orientações que, mesmo com fragilidades, se postas em prática, poderiam proporcionar um avanço nas políticas públicas no que tange à educação escolar indígena. O processo educativo nas comunidades indígenas – neste texto, traremos como exemplo o povo guarani – acontece através da troca de experiências, na construção de um saber coletivo, intermediada pelo Karaí. Propomos uma educação escolar indígena tomando como ponto de partida alguns fundamentos da interculturalidade, mediados pelo diálogo cooperativo.
Aprendizagens dos saberes indígenas na escola: Desafios para a formação de professores/as indígenas
Authors: Ferreira Waldineia Antunes de Alcântara , Zoia Alceu , Grando Beleni Saléte
Published: November 2020

O “Projeto Ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola – Rede UFMT” é uma ação política voltada à educação escolar indígena a fim de atender os direitos específicos dos povos originários do Brasil. Em Mato Grosso, focaliza a formação continuada de 115 professores de 12 povos indígenas, com vistas a atender a alfabetização, o letramento e o numeramento, bem como a produção de material didático bilíngue. O respeito aos processos de aprendizagem próprios, a língua e a cultura numa perspectiva intercultural é um direito que analisa-se a partir do processo de produção dos materiais didáticos com três povos. A pesquisa colaborativa para a produção de materiais didáticos teve por referência as pedagogias indígenas próprias na produção de material didático e a política sociolinguística que permeia as lutas históricas dos povos originários. Com os dados analisados neste artigo, compreende-se a complexidade da ação política voltada à educação escolar que considere os saberes e práticas interculturais e possibilitem aos povos a construção de suas identidades e cosmovisões, no processo de alfabetizar-se no mundo. Conclui-se que os desafios se sustentam em estratégias de redes solidárias de aprendizagens para o enfrentamento dos percalços políticos com a retirada de direitos e políticas públicas específicas que impactam diretamente os povos indígenas do Brasil.
Subalternização e resistência indígena: Cenários a partir do contexto do estado de Rondônia
Authors: Alves Rozane Alonso , Alves Maria Isabel Alonso , Dos Santos Jonatha Daniel
Published: November 2020

A ideia central deste artigo reside em problematizar e apresentar alguns cenários de subalternização e de resistência indígena, especificamente, no Estado de Rondônia. Partimos de pesquisas desenvolvidas no contexto rondoniense (Alves, 2017, 2018; Alves & Santos, 2017; Scaramuzza, 2015, Santos, 2020, entre outras) para expor as estratégias utilizadas pelos povos indígenas de Rondônia enquanto luta e resistência das comunidades indígenas, tornando-se protagonistas em espaços de formação e atuação escolar. Atrelado ao protagonismo, a escola indígena enquanto espaço intercultural, promove práticas pedagógicas pautadas no currículo que não se efetiva apenas pelos conteúdos disciplinares, mas também como processo cosmológico que ocorre por meio da Pedagogia Indígena produzida não apenas pelos seus professores/as, mas por toda estrutura orgânica da comunidade. Assim, entendemos que a escola indígena enquanto espaço de resistência e luta indígena se constitui e se apresenta como intercultural e produz modos de ser específicos dos povos indígenas.
5th and 6th grade students' perceptions of communication
Authors: Şahin Sarkın Döndü Bahar , Duran Aysemin
Published: November 2020

This study aims to examine how 5th and 6th grade students perceive the phenomenon of communication. It was designed as a qualitative research and the phenomenological method was used. Totally, 80 students constituted the study group. A two-part "Communication Perception Form" was created by the researchers in order to determine the perceptions of the students regarding the phenomenon of communication. Content analysis technique was used in evaluating the data obtained in this study. Data on the phenomenon of communication were gathered among five categories (nature, emotion, food, existence, tool/mediator). In the visual metaphors of the students, it was seen that they drew telephone and talking people mostly. The metaphors developed by the 5th and 6th graders, which are the first levels of secondary school, can be considered as important indicators for understanding the positive and negative effects of communication on students. In this study, where communication generally evokes speech or correspondence, it can be suggested that students acquire this skill in various fields through programs, since it is seen that students make more in-depth descriptions in visual expression.
Quelques remarques sur la langue et la forme des arrêts de la Cour de Cassation / Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție. Regards croisés franco-roumains
Authors: Mastacan Simina , Sobieszewska Marta
Published: November 2020

In view of the difficulties encountered by certain European attempts to guarantee the quality of the public service of justice in the different European States, the question of the language in which law is expressed naturally arises. This contribution is part of the jurilinguistic studies and aims to demonstrate the linguistic peculiarities of the judgments of the French Cour de Cassation [Court of Cassation] and the Romanian Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie [High Court of Cassation and Justice]. As a first step, particular attention should be paid to the form of the judgments which leads to the more general reflection: would harmonization of the drafting techniques of legal texts have the virtue of removing the obstacles preventing legal communication within of the European Union? In a second step, it will be a question of showing the main linguistic characteristics of the judgments made. The studied corpus contains judgments from the Cour de Cassation and the Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie.
Sandhi externe en macédonien et en roumain. Les assimilations de sonorité
Authors: Cychnerska Anna
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the assimilation in terms of voicing on the border between words in Macedonian and in Romanian. Although the compared languages belong to different language families, the pronunciation of the obstruental segments in this position is similar. In both Romanian andMacedonian, a regular regressive assimilation is observed on the border between two words. In Macedonian, the voiced obstruent at the end of a word can be pronounced as a voiced or a voiceless before a resonant at the beginning of the next word. It is important that more often the voiced obstruent at the end of the word loses voicing before a vowel in the initial position than before a sonant. In Romanian, before a resonant in the initial position, the voiced obstruent in the final position of the word in front of it is pronounced voiced. The voiceless obstruent on the border between words can be pronounced as a voiced if it occurs before a sonant in the initial position of the next word. This is an optional phenomenon like the voiceless pronunciation of the voiced obstruent before a resonant on the border of two words in Macedonian. As one can see, in both languages, obstruents at the end of a word behave differently before initial vowels and sonants on the inter-word border.
Problema corporalităţii în proza lui Max Blecher şi a lui Bruno Schulz din perspectiva antropologiei filosofice
Authors: Teodorowicz Justyna
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the problem of corporality in Max Blecher’s novels and Bruno Schulz’s short stories from the perspective of philosophical anthropology. The motifs of body and matter, predominant in both authors’ work, are a means of presenting the place of man in the universe and dealing with such questions as identity or ontology. Through the use of somatic metaphors all the elements of the fictional world are anthropomorphised or given human characteristics, which leads to the lack of hierarchy. Whereas philosophical anthropology presents humans as active and rational beings, Blecher and Schulz stress the illusion of man’s individuality and question his privileged position in the world.
Economic justification for the use of biological fungicides and plant growth stimulants for growing sunflower
Authors: Domaratskyi Yevhenii , Kaplina Anastasia , Kozlova Olga , Koval Nonna , Dobrovolskyi Andrii
Published: November 2020

The study presents economic substantiation of applying environmentally friendly plant growth stimulators in combination with biological fungicides in sunflower production under conditions of the South of Ukraine. The field research was conducted at Kherson State Agricultural University (Ukraine) in 2017 – 2019 under conditions of dark chestnut alkaline soils with the humus content of 2.5% in the plough layer.  The results of the three-year field research prove that the net profit reached the absolute maximum in the variant of the hybrid LG 5580 under conditions of applying the bio-fungicide Fitotsyd-r with the stimulator Ahrostymulin at the stage of budding and amounted to $1081/ha. In this case the cost price was the least – $141.6/ha, and the profitability level was the highest – 196%. In the areas sown with the hybrid Tunca the variant with the combination of Fitotsyd-r and the growth stimulator Ahrostymulin also provided a positive result, but it yielded a little to the combination of the preparations Fitosporyn / Ahrostymulin: the net profit was $579.7/ha, the price cost made $203.4/ha and the profitability was 106 %.On the whole this analysis makes it possible to maintain that additional costs related to purchasing and applying fertlizers are totally compensated owing to the cost of an increase in the yield.
Information and analytical providion of budget support of institutional sectors of the economy (on the example of the agricultural sector of Ukraine)
Authors: Radchenko Oksana , Matveyeva Maryana , Holovanova Hanna , Makhyboroda Kateryna , Haibura Yuliia
Published: November 2020

The aim of the article is to study the information support of the institutional field and state regulation of agricultural development of Ukraine through the analysis of current strategies and tools and programs of state support. The relevance of the study is due to the significant increase in the role of state support for key sectors of the economy in a systemic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 and restrictive quarantine measures. Limitation of budget funds implies an urgent need for their most rational use, identifying trends and areas of which this study is devoted. The research methodology is based on comparative analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, methods of assessing the effectiveness of budget programs, the use of analytical surveys, statistics on self-assessment of agribusiness and data from independent news agencies on the effectiveness of government regulation. The information base is the regulatory framework for state support of the agricultural sector, analytical studies on budget support for the agricultural sector and budget expenditures for agricultural development were based on official data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine. The study analyses some components of the Strategy for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the Concept of development of farms and agricultural cooperation for 2018-2020, the project and the place of state support in its regulation. The dynamics of state support for 2016-2019 is shown, the main factors of influence are characterized and the dynamics of state support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine evaluated according to the OECD (Organization of economic cooperation and development) methodology is given. An analysis of the expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine in 2020 on agricultural and rural development is carried out. The given research can be used at formation of current programs of budgetary support of branch, development of concepts of sustainable development of separate forms of managing – farms and peasant farms, adjustment of strategic plans, formation of their key indicators for monitoring and for increase methodological bases and principles of state regulation and other institutional factors of agricultural finance.
Canal of St. Bartholomew in Seča/Sezza: Social construction of the seascape
Authors: Spreizer Alenka Janko , Kolega Nataša
Published: November 2020

This article is based on a combination of anthropological and geographic approaches to seascape as an aspect of the cultural landscape. Following McCall Howard, Wickham-Jones, Ingold, and Arnason, we understand the term seascape as a “holistic term to describe the depth and complexity of human relations with the sea, the modes of human habitation of the sea, the importance of the sea to maintaining livelihoods, and the connections between land and sea.” We analyze the cartographic materials chronologically from the Franziscean Cadaster to present day and determine how the use of the Canal of St. Bartholomew has changed through time. Once a part of saltpans, providing salt water for salt production and a transport route, it is now a scenic place for leisure and a protected area. As a part of the Sečovlje Salina Nature Park, the canal was poorly managed and is now a liminal site of nonregulated berths for pleasure vessels. For these reasons, this contested seascape is represented as “Texas,” an ecological disgrace, and a boat cemetery. This area is used for many contested activities, which at the same time contribute to environmental vulnerabilities and the destruction of natural and cultural heritage.
A combination of genetic inversion and seismic frequency attributes to delineate reservoir targets in offshore northern Orange Basin, South Africa
Authors: Samakinde Chris Adesola , van Bever Donker Jan Marinus , Fadipe Oluwaseun Adejuwon
Published: November 2020

The reported occurrence of Albian- and Cenomanian-aged braided fluvio-deltaic channels in the Orange Basin, South Africa, opens a window of exploration activities to characterize these channels as they are renowned to form some of the world’s giant oil field. In this study, a seismic acoustic impedance inversion and seismic attributes (instantaneous frequency and iso-frequency) analysis is used to investigate potential Albian and Cenomanian fluvio-deltaic channels in offshore, northern Orange Basin. Reservoirs were mapped using a well and 3D seismic volume (8-bit) after initial dip-steering coherency filtering had been performed on the seismic volume to remove incoherent noise and improve data resolution. Model-based acoustic impedance inversion was applied on the seismic volume to delineate fluvio-deltaic channels in addition to using the RMS (root mean square) amplitude attribute. Iso-frequency using the cosine correlative transform (CCT) method was equally applied to delineate these channels. Instantaneous frequency attribute was analyzed for potential hydrocarbon-charged sediments. This was achieved by utilizing thirty-three seismic traces as an input in the Hilbert transform window, after which trace envelope and instantaneous phase were transformed into instantaneous frequency. Acoustic impedance inversion results reveal the presence of two channels within the Cenomanian sequence, which shows high porosity (∼40%) along its geometry. The CCT method shows that the 8 Hz frequency window resolved the presence of a channel within the Albian sequence. A meandering channel within the Albian sequence was equally delineated by the RMS, while the application of instantaneous frequency (IF) attribute indicates the presence of hydrocarbon-charged sediments of Cenomanian age in proximity to a listric normal fault because of the attenuation of frequency observed close to the fault. This study demonstrates a case study of the application of seismic impedance inversion and seismic attributes for the delineation of potential reservoirs and hydrocarbon-charged sediments in a basin.