CHANGES IN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES OF ORAL LIQUID DURING REPLACEMENT OF DENTAL DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Riabushko N.O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In recent years, the attention of scientists to the study of the unique properties of saliva and related diagnostic capabilities has increased significantly. Many data on the function and composition of oral fluid in healthy people and in various somatic pathologies.

The ducts of three pairs of large (parotid, mandibular, sublingual) and up to a thousand small salivary glands open into the oral cavity of an adult. The amount of saliva secreted per day depends on the nature of food, age and sex. But on average, an adult secretes 750-1500 ml of saliva per day.

Upon entering the oral cavity, saliva mixes with leukocytes, microorganisms and their products, exfoliated epithelium of the oral mucosa, oral detritus, gingival fluid, food debris, toothpaste, bronchial and nasal secretions.

The purpose of the study: to investigate changes in the quantitative and qualitative properties of oral fluid in the replacement of dentition defects in patients with coronary heart disease.

Object and methods of research. Sources of domestic and foreign literature.

Research results. Oral fluid is an integral liquid medium of the human body and the first biological fluid that connects the internal environment of the body with the external.

The activity of more than 100 enzymes, which differ in the origin and performance of the function, is determined in human oral fluid [6]. Changes in the activity of oral enzymes due to direct exposure to metal ions, plastics and related pathology can lead to a weakening of protective, mineralizing, digestive and other properties, which harms not only the dental system but also the human body as a whole.

It is established that due to changes in permeability in the conditions of stress pathology the dynamic balance of the main internal environment - blood is preserved. It is proved that changes in the biochemical composition of blood and saliva correlate with the severity and features of myocardial infarction.

Therefore, due to recent research in biochemistry and dentistry, laboratory methods continue to be improved and introduced into clinical practice, which allow to diagnose somatic and dental diseases by studying the parameters of oral fluid, which significantly expands diagnostic capabilities and allows more effective control of patients with combined pathology.

Thus, in recent years it has been proven that an important role in the development of coronary heart disease and vascular pathology belongs to homocysteine, which is an intermediate product of metabolic conversions of methionine to cysteine. In case of insufficient utilization, homocysteine ​​leaves the cells in the liquid environment of the body, performing thrombogenic and pro-inflammatory effects.

One of the main indicators of the immunological state of oral fluid is cationic antimicrobial peptides, which are important components of the immune system of a wide range of organisms. They play a key role in providing the first line of defense for the microorganism against infection. NHP1-NHP3 contain only 30 amino acid residues.

Defensins show their microbial properties in micromolar conferences. Each representative of NHP has its own characteristic antimicrobial specificity of these peptides to each other.

Defensins have the ability to suppress viral infection. They are effective against DNA and RNA viruses. Defensins inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus, have high activity against the herpes virus. Also, these peptides inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus, human cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, adenovirus, papillomavirus and others.

Conclusion. With secondary adentia (regardless of size and location), the volume of oral fluid decreases and its microelement composition changes. In addition, the replacement of dentition defects with different types of dentures causes metabolic disorders associated with the activation of free radical oxidation of biomolecules.