bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of plant growth and spacing on soil hydrological changes: a field study
Authors: Ng Charles Wang Wai , Ni Jun Jun , Leung Anthony Kwan
Published: August 2019

Effects of plant growth on soil hydrological changes need to be considered for long-term vegetation management of geotechnical infrastructure. Most existing studies focused on one particular plant age. This study quantifies the effects of plant growth on the evolution of soil hydraulic properties and matric suction over time, through field monitoring and numerical soil–plant–atmosphere interaction modelling. A full-scale flat landfill cover in China was monitored for more than a year. Four 6 m × 6 m grass plots made of compacted silty sand were formed, three of which were vegetated with shrubs having different plant spacing (0·5, 0·8 and 1·1 m), while the fourth one was left grassed. In addition to monitoring matric suction changes, multiple soil cores were sampled to determine the root length density (RLD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) after 2, 4, 7 and 13 months of transplantation. Regardless of plant spacing, ks always reduced during the first 2–3 months of growth. When a threshold RLD of 2 cm/cm3 was reached, ks increased substantially. This was especially the case for closely spaced shrubs, whose roots were decayed. Suction preserved upon rainfall depended on the plant growth-induced changes in ks. Although closely spaced (0·5 m) shrubs preserved the most suction during the first 6 months of growth, the beneficial hydrological effects vanished after growing for 9 months because of the shrub growth-induced increase in ks. Instead, the widely spaced (1·1 m) shrubs, which showed the least increase in ks, preserved the most suction in later stages. Nonetheless, the spacing of shrubs did not affect the annual cumulative percolation of the landfill cover very significantly, which narrowly ranged between 3·1 and 4·7% of the annual precipitation during the monitoring period.
65 Aniversario del Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México (1944 - 2009)
Authors: Meave Jorge A.
Published: August 2019

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Time and Memory in The Cherry Orchard
Authors: Chen Yueting
Published: August 2019

Characters are precisely aware of time in heterogeneous visions in Chekhov’s last play The Cherry Orchard in 1904. This play has an obvious flow of time sense of nostalgia, realistic practical mind and eager thrust for the future manifesting in assorted roles. The industrious characters Dunyasha, Varya and Lopakhin check their watches regularly, presenting their alertness to time in the industrial age's. The older characters weep for their age and witness the weather’s changes from May to October. Players value the same things in largely variant ways mostly according to the experience, age, class and gender ect.. Therefore, because of various personal aspirations, characters are living in their individual timelines as Lyubov’s yearning for the past, Dunyasha, Yasha and Trofimoff’s eager for the future, Firs’ nostalgia and imprisonment at the present and Lopakhin’s integrated past, current and future time view. Although characters have their particular time view, Chekhov in The Cherry Orchard embodies a prime time view that if the characters fail to come to terms with the nature of the flow of time, they would be living in fragmented visions and thus failed in fully experiencing the life.
Pemaliq Words of Human Death within the Society of Sasak-Indonesia: A Linguistic Anthropology Study
Authors: Suliadi Suliadi , Laksana I Ketut Darma , Mahyuni Mahyuni , Simpen I Wayan
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to describe the world’s view and cultural values conceptualized by the community of Sasak on pemaliq words of human death. Non-participatory observation and in-depth interview methods were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. It applied Miles and Huberman analysis model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study showed that pemaliq words of human death used by the Sasak community in Sigar Penjalin Village, North Lombok Regency, Indonesia, reflected the perspective of the ancestors in understanding the nature of death. It means those who experience death are the physical matters, while the human spirits keep on living and they are in a holy place, namely in alam alus (subtle world). The Sasak community of Sigar Penjalin Village forbid the use of matѐ ‘died’ as a word for human death, not only it is considered impolite, but it is believed in bringing tulah manuh ‘misfortune’ to those who are using that particular word. Therefore, the ancestors of the Sasak community in Sigar Penjalin Village is in practice of using certain words as a way of avoidance, namely the word adѐq ‘nonexistence’, ngѐnangang ‘leaving’, and ulѐq ‘returning home’ (euphemistic words), in which all are used to represent the word matѐ ‘died’. Cultural values reflected in the use of those words, namely the values of religiosity, consciousness, and politeness.
Assessing the Sensitivity and Accuracy of the MyShake Smartphone Seismic Network to Detect and Characterize Earthquakes
Authors: Kong Qingkai , Patel Sarina , Inbal Asaf , Allen Richard M.
Published: August 2019

MyShake harnesses private and personal smartphones to build a global seismic network. It uses the accelerometers embedded in all smartphones to record ground motions induced by earthquakes, returning recorded waveforms to a central repository for analysis and research. A demonstration of the power of citizen science, MyShake expanded to six continents within days of being launched and has recorded 757 earthquakes in the first 2 yr of operation. The data recorded by MyShake phones have the potential to be used in scientific applications, thereby complementing current seismic networks. In this article, we (1) report the capabilities of smartphone sensors to detect earthquakes by analyzing the earthquake waveforms collected by MyShake; (2) determine the maximum epicentral distance at which MyShake phones can detect earthquakes as a function of magnitude; and (3) then determine the capabilities of the MyShake network to estimate the location, origin time, depth, and magnitude of earthquakes. In the case of earthquakes for which MyShake has provided four or more phases (P‐ or S‐wave signals) and an azimuthal gap <180° (21 events), the median (± standard deviations) of the location, origin time, and depth errors are 2.7 (±2.8) km, 0.2 (±1.2) s, and 0.1 (±4.9) km, respectively, relative to the U.S. Geological Survey global catalog locations. Magnitudes are also estimated and have a mean error of 0.0 and standard deviation of 0.2. These preliminary results suggest that MyShake could provide basic earthquake catalog information in regions that currently have no traditional networks. With an expanding MyShake network, we expect the event detection capabilities to improve and provide useful data on seismicity and hazards.
Ground Motion from Mw 1.5 to 3.9 Aftershocks of the 2014 Mw 6.2 Jinggu Earthquake at Hypocentral Distances < 45 km in Yunnan, China
Authors: Sun Mengyao , Zhu Huiyu , Zhang Jie , Fu Haohuan , Tian Xiao
Published: August 2019

The ground motion from small aftershocks of the 2014 Mw 6.2 Jinggu earthquake in Yunnan Province is analyzed. With the seismic records, we assess the site conditions and develop a ground‐motion prediction equation (GMPE) for this region. The strong‐motion duration is also calculated to further understand the potential seismic hazard to nearby structures. The dataset includes 504 events with Mw 1.5–3.9 and 2956 three‐component records at hypocentral distances <45  km from 10 stations operated by the Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province. The ground‐motion amplification factor derived from the horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) spectral ratio of each station ranges from 1.1 to 5.2 (0.04–0.72 in log units). The time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity to 30 m depth (VS30) for seismographic stations is estimated using fundamental frequencies associated with peak H/V ratios. GMPE is obtained using the entire dataset. The values of the geometrical spreading coefficient for the pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA) at a frequency of 10 Hz suggest higher decay than those for the peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and PSA at other frequencies. The significant duration (Ds) of strong ground motion systematically decreases with PGA but increases with hypocentral distance. However, no strong correlation is observed for Ds and magnitude or for Ds and VS30. The results of this study are compared with analogous research (Babaie Mahani and Kao, 2018) on induced earthquakes with the same distance–magnitude range. The comparison indicates that the decay of ground‐motion amplitudes with hypocentral distance in our case is generally lower than that in the other study. The Ds trends are consistent in the two studies, although the longest strong‐motion duration in the two cases apparently differs.
Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan ve Olmayan Öğrencilerin Sözel Problem Çözme ve Okuduğunu Anlama Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: ALTINDAĞ KUMAŞ Özlem , DADA Şenay Delimehmet , YIKMIŞ Ahmet
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmanın genel amacı, öğrenme güçlüğü olan/olmayan öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama ve sözel problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkileri ve okuduğunu anlama becerisinin sözel problem üzerindeki yordayıcılığını incelemektir. Araştırmaya, Ankara ilinde bulunan 4. sınıfa devam 60 öğrenme güçlüğü olan, 60 normal gelişim gösteren öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 120 öğrenci dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada öğrenme güçlüğü olan ve olmayan öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama ve sözel işlem hesaplamalarındaki performansları T testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama ve sözel problemlerden elde ettikleri performanslar Basit Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, okuduğunu anlamanın, sözel problem çözmenin önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilerin, normal gelişim gösteren akranlarına göre okuduğunu anlamada daha düşük puan aldıkları, işlemleri daha uzun sürede tamamladıkları, daha az sayıda işlemi doğru çözdükleri görülmüştür.
In Turkey First Year of Pre-Service Teachers: Difference between the East and the West
Authors: ERDOĞAN İrfan , METE Yar Ali , SERİN Hüseyin
Published: August 2019

Being a first year teacher in the teaching profession is a critical period in terms of the teaching profession process. Therefore, in-depth research and understanding of the first-year teaching in the teaching profession is important in terms of practical and political practices related to the development of the teaching profession. In this research, the comparison of candidate teachers' first years of their professional life within the east-west difference is examined in terms of the experiences and effects of those experiences in and out of school. The study group consists of prospective teachers working in Edirne and Van in the spring term of 2013-2014 academic year. This research has been conducted with a qualitative research approach and phenomenological desing has been utilized as research technique. Semi-structured interview form was used as data collection tool. The interviews with the participants took place between 25 and 40 minutes on average and the collected data were analyzed with content analysis and frequency analysis and reported by grouping according to categories. According to the results of the study, it is observed that there have been several differences between in (first meeting with the school principal, the mentor and the educational problems encountered) and out-school (transportation, housing and social activities and preparatory and basic trainings) experiences of the pre-service teachers working in Edirne and the pre-service teachers working in Van during the first year of their professional life. The results of this study were discussed with reference to similar studies in the literature.
Peterson, Brady, and Elliot: Analyzing “the Trilogy” in Light of the NFL Commissioner’s Discipline Authority
Authors: Levine Jeffrey F. , Gunn Ian P. , Moorman Anita M.
Published: August 2019

This research paper analyzes how the cases of NFL players Adrian Peterson, Tom Brady, and Ezekiel Elliot have affected the role of the commissioner of the National Football League (NFL) and the commissioner’s disciplinary authority in the NFL. Although the commissioner is considered a powerful figure, and historically courts have deferred to the commissioner concerning matters of league discipline, this deference is not limitless. The Peterson, Brady, and Elliot cases each helped shape how the role of the commissioner and the commissioner’s disciplinary authority in the NFL is being amplified in light of the language used in the current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) negotiated by the the NFL and the NFL Players Association (NFLPA) in 2011, legal precedent that limits a court’s ability to review an arbitrator’s decision, the law of the shop, and the CBA’s missing due process protections traditionally found in the court room. The findings and implications learned from "the Trilogy" show that players were unable to secure by lawsuit what they failed to achieve through collective bargaining. Although "the Trilogy" illustrates the commissioner’s vast authority, the next round of collective bargaining negotiations are an opportunity for the both the League and the NFLPA to cooperatively revise the player discipline process to curb a consistent stream of high-profile and public challenges of commissioner discipline, possibly encouraging the sides to move away from an adversarial relationship toward a more of a partnership.
Save the Gold Watch Receipt: An Analysis of the Gift Tax on Athlete Retirement Gifts
Authors: Williams Dylan P. , Tutka Patrick
Published: August 2019

The retirement of professional athletes is an emotional and complex decision for competitors who dedicate their lives to a particular sport. It is common for professional teams, leagues, and other athletes to celebrate the careers of stellar professional athletes with charitable gestures and gifts. However, these gifts can create a financial burden when one is required to pay the gift tax on the item’s value. The purpose of this study is to detail the rules, history, and application of Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section (§) 102, which could tax athletes who give and receive gifts. Athletes should be cautious when giving gifts, as amounts exceeding the annual and lifetime exclusion limits can trigger the gift tax, causing future complications for decedents with the estate tax. Teams should also explicitly state their lack of a detached and disinterested generosity when honoring an athlete, as the gifts provided are considered taxable compensation.
Redesigning U.S. Intercollegiate Athletics to Better Conform with UNESCO’s Best Practices in Student Affairs
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: August 2019

This paper calls for the massive redesign of intercollegiate athletics departments in the United States (U.S.) in light of their widespread and fundamental failure to serve a bona fide student affairs mission, and their prevalent practice of placing the college’s commercial motives above the financial and educational needs of studentathletes. The first section of this paper discusses the general purpose and functions of student affairs departments within the broader context of higher education. The next two sections of this paper then explore the shortcomings of U.S. intercollegiate athletics departments to conform to these general purposes and functions. Finally, this paper proposes a bifurcated solution to reform U.S. intercollegiate athletics, which enables a small number of U.S. colleges to shift toward a true commercial sports business model, with the overwhelming majority of U.S. colleges, by contrast, adopting a true, non-commercial sports model.
Study on bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and associated factors on maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: A. Chitti Sudha , Teja G. Kanthi
Published: August 2019

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the normal, lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora is replaced with anaerobic bacteria, gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis1. It is one cause of vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant women and an extremely prevalent vaginal condition.Methods: The present study was conducted on all antenatal women attending OPD satisfying the inclusion criteria was taken during the study period 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2014 in GSL General Hospital, Rajahmundry was examined for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent score. All pertinent obstetric and neonatal data covering antenatal events during the course of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and condition of each newborn at the time of birth was collected. BV was detected by both Gramstain (Nugent criteria) and gold standard clinical criteria (Amsel’s composite criteria).Results: In this study bacterial vaginosis is seen in 313 cases of educated women (62.6%) as most of them have got primary education and 187 (37.4%) cases are uneducated. In this study, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis is more common in multigravida (Bladder -23; Discharge -50) 73 (22%) when compared with primigravida 11 (6.5%) probably because of longer period of marital life. In this study antenatal risk factors like previous IUCD (4.2%) use, H/O STD’s (1.4%), husband having h/o of multiple sexual partners (1.8%) are 7.4%.No cases of smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, douching were reported.Conclusions: Both primigravida and multigravida asymptomatic cases are more when compared to symptomatic cases leading to the need for routine screening. Routine screening of antenatal women resulted in the decrease of adverse pregnancy outcome.
Assessment of clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture positive enteric fever among pediatric and adult patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study
Authors: Gautam Swapnil , Purushothaman Suraj , Patel Kinjal P. , Sankhe Ajay P. , Mahadik Madhuri R.
Published: August 2019

Background: Asterion Introduction: Enteric fever is a major concern in developing country. It is predominantly caused by serovars typhi and paratyphi of Salmonella enterica. Recently, an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains has worsened the management of enteric fever. So, aim of present study is to evaluate the clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture proven cases of enteric fever in pediatric and adult patients.Methods: Single centre, prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic and clinical details of blood culture proven enteric fever admitted in hospital were collected over the period from August 2016 to November 2018.Results: Total 58 blood cultures grew Salmonella spp. , amongst them 84.48 % had growth of Salmonella typhi. Blood culture was sent after a mean period of 9 days and 10 days of fever in pediatric and adult patients respectively. All isolates of S. paratyphi A were pansusceptible, whereas 36.73 % isolates of S. typhi were multidrug resistant and nalidixic acid resistant. 68.97% patients received antibiotics before admission. The difference between mean time to defervescence in patients who received ceftriaxone and those who received more than one antibiotic was not statistically significant. (P value 0.87)Conclusion: Blood cultures are the important diagnostic tool to identify multidrug resistant Salmonellae. Study showed that combination therapy was not statistically superior and awareness of local antimicrobial susceptibility pattern significantly helps for better management of the patients.
A seven year experience in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign diseases in a single unit of tertiary care centre: a retrospective case study
Authors: Kalwaniya Dheer S. , Bajwa Jaspreet S. , Gowda Gowtham K. , Narayan Akshay , Choudhary Rohit
Published: August 2019

Background: Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure performed worldwide by surgeons with varied training. It is the experience and the skills by which a surgeon performs, the indication of surgery and the extent of surgery which determines the outcome and the complication rates.Method: This study is a retrospective study performed from January 2012 to December 2018 when a total of 170 patients underwent total thyroidectomy via kocher’s incision for benign diseases with clinically in hypothyroid state at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi in a single unit of a tertiary care hospital.Results: The male: female ratio was 1:7.09 with average age of patients being 40years. The overall complication rate was 18.82% (32 patients). Postoperative transient hypocalcaemia being the most common complication. There was no case of permanent hypocalcaemia. There was no injury to any nerve (recurrent or superior laryngeal). Transient recurrent laryngeal paresis was noted in 4(2.35%) which resolved with conservative management. Complications like wound infection, sympathetic chain injury were not noted. The characteristic feature of this study was five cases of giant secondary retrosternal goitre which had average weight of greater than 500 grams which were operated using kocher’s incision. The average weight of other 165 patients was 70grams +/- 12 grams. There were no major post-operative complications except for post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and seroma formation which was evacuated after 3 weeks of surgery.Conclusion: Hence, from this it is concluded that it is the surgical experience and skills of the surgeon which make total thyroidectomy a safe procedure providing permanent cure with a low post-operative morbidity risk even with large sized retrosternal thyroid glands which can be operated via neck incision.
Bir Melodramla Tarih Yazmak Mümkün mü?
Authors: ULUSOY Nilay
Published: August 2019

Hayden
White “Tarihyazımı ve Historiophoty” makalesinde tarihsel filmlerin tarihi
olayları aktarabilecek güçlü bir araç olduğunu söyler. Robert A. Rosenstone da
White’ın görüşünden yola çıkarak tarihsel dünyanın yaratımında görüntünün ve
sesin gücünün, tarihçinin tıkandığı noktada tarihi anlatmada yeni bir fırsat
olduğunu söyler. Ancak sinema ile tarih yazımının olanakları ve sınırları da
ayrı bir tartışma konusudur. Tarihi filmlerde tarihi belgelere ne kadar başvurulması
gerektiği kadar kullanılan dil ve filmin türü de önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada
Alevi bir kız ile Sünni bir oğlanın melodramatik aşk hikâyesini anlatının
merkezine alarak 1980 Mayıs- Temmuz aylarında gerçekleşen Çorum Olayları’ndan
12 Eylül Darbesi’ne kadar uzanan yaklaşık dört aylık bir süreci aktaran 2010
yapımı “Saklı Hayatlar”ın, türsel özellikleri, teması, anlatı yapısı, karakter
oluşumu gibi özellikleri ele tarihyazımı yapması irdelenecektir.
THE MALAYSIAN-CHINESE CONSUMERS PURCHASING INTENTION BEHAVIOR: THE CASE OF SEAFOOD AS A GIFT
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Mansori Shaheen , Fung Ting Lim
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: This research aims to explore consumer purchasing behavior and examines the factors that affect the consumer purchasing intention behavior on seafood as a gift in Malaysian Chinese.

Methodology: There are many researches on the consumer purchasing behavior and gift-giving behavior. However, prior research in this particular topic of the combination of seafood and gift is limited. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) serves as the backbone of the study which gives inspiration to the development of the theoretical framework of 4A’s marketing tools namely acceptability, awareness, accessibility and affordability to measure consumer purchasing intention behavior on seafood as a gift-giving item. The research conducted using the quantitative approach which focuses on the questionnaires with 234 respondents that provide fundamental connection to measure the relationship between empirical observation and quantitative mathematical expression. The data collected will be analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software and Cronbach’s Alpha is performed to test the reliability analysis while chi-square to test the independence variables.

Results: The findings are yet available since this report serves as the preliminary stage of the conduct of the research and the survey is conducted. The Malaysian seafood sector and food marketers may find this study useful in promoting the growth of the domestic seafood market in general and the adoption of marketing strategy in selection which may be the most effective to the consumers in Malaysia.
EVALUATING STABILITY IN DUAL BANKING SYSTEM: COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Alaeddin Omar , Khattak Ahmed , Abojeib Moutaz
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: This paper aims to explore whether Islamic banks are more stable when compared with conventional banks in a dual banking system. Methodology: This research employs Pooled OLS methodology for 42 banks, including 27 conventional banks and 15 Islamic banks, for the period of 2005-2016. Results: The study suggests that Islamic banks are less stable compared to conventional banks in overall banking sector. Furthermore, it is found that big Islamic banks are less stable than big conventional banks and small Islamic banks are less stable than small conventional banks. The results disapprove of the widespread belief that Islamic banks are more stable and more resilient to adverse shocks in the financial crisis. Moreover, while investigating the shift in overall level of banking stability with respect to financial crises, regardless of bank type and bank size, it is observed that the overall banking stability is enhanced after the financial crises. This is intriguing and a sigh of relief for policy makers and regulators in the country. Implications/Applications: This research is of contribution to policy makers and central banks in the countries with highly dual banking environment and for the central banks striving to become International Islamic financial hub.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Materi Operasi Hitung Campuran Siswa Kelas IV di MI Hijriyah II Palembang
Authors: Zakiyah Emi , Handayani Tutut , Sofyan Fuaddilah Ali
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian  ini untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk; faktor yang menyebabkan dan upaya mengatasi kesulitan belajar matematika materi operasi hitung campuran siswa kelas IVD di MI Hijriyah II Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini yaitu kepala Madrasah, guru matematika dan siswa kelas IVD yang mengalami kesulitan belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan (1) bentuk kesulitan belajar matematika materi operasi hitung campuran yaitu siswa sulit menghitung saat mengerjakan latihan, memahami simbol; memahami konsep dan menuliskan hasil penjumlahan bilangan. (2) faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar matematika materi operasi hitung campuran yaitu faktor internal seperti konsentrasi belajar tidak bertahan lama, kemampuan mengingat beberapa siswa rendah, siswa berkesulitan dalam memahami maksud soal dan kesulitan menghitung. Faktor eksternalnya seperti guru dalam memberikan pemahaman terlalu cepat, tidak menggunakan media dan siswa yang sering berbicara pada saat guru menjelaskan. (3) upaya untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar yaitu diadakannya bimbingan belajar, mengadakan remedial untuk yang nilainya rendah, mengubah metode yang digunakan, memberi motivasi dan nasehat, menggunakan media yang sesuai materi.
Determining the Velocity of Hypersonic Compact Elements in Ground Testing Plants
Authors: Gerasimov S.I. , Odzeriho I.A. , Gerasimova R.V. , Yanenko B.A.
Published: August 2019

Protection of spacecraft from high-speed impact when encountering meteorite particles and man-made debris is currently a pressing issue. This article presents methods for determining the reaction of complex structures to the impact of particles with cosmic velocities. To determine the anti-meteorite resistance of materials and structures and to study the reaction of materials under high-intensity shock loading, schemes are developed for the production and registration of high-speed metal compact elements moving at hypersonic speeds using cumulative explosive throwing devices based on high-power condensed explosives. The use of the ‘hemisphere-cylinder’ shaped lining made it possible to test a shaped charge, consistently forming a steel compact element with a velocity of 6 km/s. The paper presents the results of numerical calculations and experimental testing of such a booster. Using this device, a method for determining the speed of the hypersonic striker pin is developed based on visualization of the head shock wave at the entrance of the striker into water.
PENINGKATAN MUTU PENELITIAN DI INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Hidayat Saleh
Published: August 2019

PISA 2003, 2006,2009, 2012, and 2015 results show that Indonesian students’ ability for reading, science, and mathematic aspect are still in ten lowest ability countries. However, data reality in field show the research amount especially in education scope are very large. The existence of a gap between research potential that can be produced by survey results of PISA 2013—2017 bring up the statements 1) what causes the implementation of Indonesia research does not have significant impact on increasing Indonesia’s ranking in PISA? and 2) how the efforts that can be done in improving Indonesia research quality? The study result indicates that there are three main factors causing research quality in Indonesia are still low 1) the obstacles at government policy level; 2) subtract the researchers with doctoral qualification, and 3) the low growth potential of research atmosphere in Indonesia. Efforts that can be done 1) create conducive policy for researchers; 2) add the acceptance quota for doctor’s scholarship under 40 years old; 3) add of quota’s budget for research, and 4) downstream the research results to the teachers in improving the learning process. Conclusions on Indonesia research quality have been a lot, but need a good management by downstream the research mapping to the obvious community.
PENERAPAN PETA KONSEP (CONCEPT MAPPING) DAN BADAN DIKOTOMI KONSEP (BDK) SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA DI MA AL-FATAH PALEMBANG
Authors: Riswanda Jhon , Afriansyah Dini
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of Concept Maps and BDK on circulatory system material in humans on the mastery of student concepts based on the Bloom Tax Revision C1-C6. Methodology is an experimental Quasy which  compares  between  two  methods.  The  results  showed  that  there  were significant differences between before and after treatment with Concept Maps and BDK with average N -Gain being 0.31 for Concept Maps and 0.41 for BDK, where in all categories showed a significant increase after treatment, except C6. This result shows that concept maps and BDK are highly recommended as a method especially mastery of student concepts approach to mastering learning outcomes, recommended for originating from the Koran, which is highly application in the field.
ANALISIS SIKAP PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA PADA PERKULIAHAN PENGETAHUAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Armanda Fahmy , Saputri Wulandari
Published: August 2019

Community in the 21st  was faced with a number of challenges, one of which was environmental problems and how to survive in the 21st century. For this reason, there were two important things to be developed, namely an environmentally caring attitude and an interest in entrepreneurship. The development of both should be facilitated by lectures on Environmental Knowledge. This research is intended to analyze the environmental care attitude and interest in student entrepreneurship. The research method used was descriptive qualitative and data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study are 1) The attitude of caring for the student's environment needs to be improved; 2) The interest in student entrepreneurship is very high so it needs to be facilitated through learning that invites students to practice the skills that have been taught. The results of this study are expected to be a foothold in how to develop learning to support the development of environmental awareness and interest in student entrepreneurship.
ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI SMA NEGERI 4 PALEMBANG
Authors: Aseptianova Aseptianova , Nawawi Sulton , Pesisa Lia
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine students' understanding of the concept of environmental pollution material in the school of SMAN 4 Palembang. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population of this study were all students of class XI MIPA SMAN 4 as many as 161 students. Sampling uses total sampling technique. Data collection techniques using test questions understanding  concepts. The results of the study based on the analysis carried out using the percentage level of understanding of students 'concepts showed that students' understanding of concepts in environmental pollution material at Palembang State High School 4 was at high criteria with an average value of 65%. Conclusion the students' conceptual comprehension ability in environmental pollution material at Palembang State High School 4 with the highest value is found in the classifying indicator of 86% with very high criteria, and the lowest indicator is in the concluding indicator which is equal to 48% with the criteria being.
Conférences internationales
Authors: Trébuchon Jean-François
Published: August 2019

4e congrès mondial de l’agroforesterie. Renforcer les liens entre la science,la société et la politique.20-22 mai 2019, Montpellier, France. CIRAD, World Agroforestry Centre, INRA,AGROPOLIS International, Montpellier Université d’Excellence.XXVe Congrès mondial de l’IUFRO. Recherche forestière et coopération pour un développement durable.29 septembre - 5 octobre 2019, Curitiba, Brazil.IUFRO, EMBRAPA, BRAZILIAN FOREST SERVICE.
Slime as Playing Therapy on Response of Biological, Psycological and Eating Behaviour of Preschool in Hospital
Authors: Seran Maria Yashinta , Krisnana Ilya , Racmawati Praba Diyan
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Slime is one of the toys that many kids like because it was adorable with a variety of bright and colorful color variations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of slime play therapy on biological, psychological, and eating behavior in preschool children who undergo hospitalization in the Dahlia Room of RSUD Mgr. Gabriel Manek, SVD Atambua.Methods: This research used quasi experiment with post-test only non-equivalent control group design. The total population was 90 patients with a sample size of 60 respondents, divided into 30 treatment groups and 30 control groups. The sample was determined by consecutive sampling technique. The independent variable was slime play therapy. The dependent variable was biological, psychological, and eating behavior. Data were obtained by observation sheet and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) instrument and data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: There were differences between the treatment group and the control group on respiratory frequency (p=0.021), pulse frequency (p=0.002), stress (p=0.035), and eating behavior (p=0.041).Conclusion: Slime play therapy was an atraumatic care approach that can be used to reduce stress level hospitalization, biological responses to normal, and eating behavior to be good for children who were hospitalized.
Pendekatan Teori Health Belief Model terhadap Perilaku Ibu dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Nutrisi Anak Usia Toddler
Authors: Hupunau Rambu Eri , Pradanie Retnayu , Kusumaninggrum Tiyas
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Toddler is an important period in child growth that will determine the development of children in the future. If nutritional needs are not met properly during infancy, it will lead to malnutrition of children who are susceptible to infection, muscle management, swelling of the liver, and organ abnormalities and functions (due to atrophy). The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that influence the mother in providing nutritional needs of toddlers with the health belief model approach.Methods: This study design was descriptive with cross sectional approach. Total sampel in this study was 174 mothers respondents who has child with age 1–3 years. Independent variabel in this study were perceived suceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cues to action and self eficacy. Dependent variabel study was Mother's behavior in providing nutrition. Sampel were taken by Cluster random sampling. The data were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed with spearmen rho test with significance level α< 0.05.Results: The result showed that perceived suceptibility (p=0.382), perceived severity (p=0.116), perceived benefit (p=0.182), cues to action (p=0.075) and self eficacy (p=0.132) theres was no relationship between mother’s behavior and perceived barrier (p=0.033) have relationship with mother’s behavior.Conclusion: Health workers in Puskesmas should do intensive health education about good nutrition and the consequences that can occur if lack of nutrition in toddler children. Then for mothers as respondents to empower local food available to be a source of nutritional substitutes and use the home page to become a family garden by planting various types of vegetables.
Hubungan Data Demografi Keluarga dalam Pemberian ASI Esklusif Anak Balita Stunting
Authors: Suciningtyas Putri Dewi , Triharini Mira , Rachmawati Praba Diyan
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Stunting is an important nutritional problem in Indonesia because it has a serious impact on the quality of child development. Stunting is thought to be related to family demographics, and environmental conditions. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between family demographic factors including age, occupation, income and number of families with stunting nutritional status.Methods: This Study was Cross-Sectional Study. The population in this study were mothers with stunting toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Puskemas Galis Bangkalan with a total sample of 129 respondents, taken according to the inclusion criteria. The independent variables are age of respondents, education, employment, family members and the dependent variable is stunting nutritional status. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and observation of respondents. The data were then analyzed using the Rank Spearman test with a significance level of <0.05.Results: The results showed that there was no relationship between age of respondents (p=0.305), education (p=0.712), employment (p=0.261), family members (p=0.153) with  stunting of nutritional status.Conclusion: Factors that affect the health of toddler with the nutritional status of stunting toddlers are very multifactorial so that support is needed across sectors to reduce the stunting of nutritional status.
Analisis Faktor Perilaku Seks Pranikah Remaja Berdasarkan Teori Transcultural Nursing di Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Authors: Mbana Imelda Mbati , Yunitasari Esti , Armini Ni ketut Alit
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Adolescent sex behavior is strongly influenced by several things related to the theory of transcultural nursing. The high teenage sex behavior has an impact on the high rate of unwanted pregnancies, maternal mortality and infant mortality and various other health problems. This study aims to analyze transcultural nursing factors related to premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in East Sumba Regency.Methods: The design of this study is descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected by simple random sampling, namely students of class X and XI SMA N 1 Lewa and SMA N 1Nggaha Ori Angu. Data retrieval using questionnaire instruments as many as 6 instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability by researchers and the results of the study were analyzed using the chi square-Pearson test.Results: The high rate of premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in East Sumba Regency was related to social factors and kinship (p = 0.004), culture and lifestyle (p = 0.011), and economy (p = 0.004). Premarital sex behavior is not related to technological factors (p = 0.292), policy and regulations (p = 0.775) and education factors (p = 0.890).Conclusion: There was 3 variables related to premarital sex, namely social factors and kinship, culture and lifestyle and economy. This is due to the existence of local cultural customs and customs which allow arranged marriage in adolescents. Matchmaking is carried out by parents with the aim of completing the social strata (maramba) and mostly to improve the economic status of the family.
Effect of Welding Thermal Cycles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multi-Strand Composite Welding Wire Welded Joints of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Li jianguo , Li Huan , Liang Yu , Liu Pingli , Yang Lijun
Published: August 2019

A multi-strand composite welding wire was applied to join high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, and microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The electrical signals demonstrate that the welding process using a multi-strand composite welding wire is highly stable. The welded joints are composed of columnar austenite and dendritic ferrite and welded joints obtained under high heat input and cooling rate have a noticeable coarse-grained heat-affected zone and larger columnar austenite in weld seam. Compared with welded joints obtained under the high heat input and cooling rate, welded joints have the higher fractions of deformed grains, high angle grain boundaries, Schmid factor and the lower dislocation density under the low heat input and cooling rate, which indicate a lower tensile strength and higher yield strength. The rotated goss (GRD) orientation of a thin plate and the cube (C) orientation of a thick plate are obvious after welding, but the S orientation at 65° sections of Euler’s space is weak. The δ-ferrite was studied based on the primary ferrite solidification mode. It is observed that low heat input and high cooing rate result in the increasing of δ-ferrite and high dislocation density was obtained in grain boundaries of δ-ferrite. M23C6 precipitates due to low cooling rate and heat input in weld seam and deteriorates the elongation of welded joints. The engineering stress-strain curves also show the low elongation and tensile strength of welded joints under low heat input and cooling rate, which is mainly caused by the high fraction of δ-ferrite and the precipitation of M23C6.
A small dose of remifentanil pretreatment suppresses sufentanil-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lin Wendong , Sun Jiehao , Fu Shuying
Published: August 2019

Background: Intravenous use of sufentanil can elicit cough. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of pre-injection of a mall dose of remifentanil on sufentanil-induced cough during the induction of general anesthesia.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted from January 10, 2019 to March 01, 2019. A total of 100 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled, and at last 84 patients were included and randomly allocated into two equal size groups (n=42): Patients in the Remifentanil group (R group) received an intravenous infusion of remifentanil 0.3 µg/kg (diluted to 2 ml) 1 minute before sufentanil injection; patients in the Control group (C group) received 2 ml of normal saline (NS) at the same time point. Injections of patients in both groups were completed within 5 seconds. Then, sufentanil 0.5 µg/kg was injected within 5 seconds and the number of coughs that occurred within 1 minute after sufentanil injection were recorded. One minute after sufentanil injection, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg were given for general anesthesia induction irrespective of the presence or absence of cough. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at time points just before remifentanil pretreatment administration (T0), 3 minutes after administration (T1), 1 minute after intubation (T2), and 3 minutes after intubation (T3) were recorded.
Results: The incidence of cough in patients in the R group and C group was 4.8% and 31%, respectively. Compared with group C, the incidence and severity of cough in group R was significantly lower (P <0.01). No significant differences were observed in MAP and HR at the time of general anesthesia induction between the two groups (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreatment with a small dose of remifentanil effectively and safely reduced the incidence and severity of cough induced by sufentanil during anesthesia induction and can be used as an alternative treatment to inhibit coughing caused by sufentanil.
Reducing sitting at work: process evaluation of the SMArT Work (Stand More AT Work) cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Biddle Stuart JH , O'Connell Sophie E , Davies Melanie , Dunstan David , Edwardson Charlotte , Esliger Dale W , Gray Laura J , Yates Thomas , Munir Fehmidah
Published: August 2019

Background Office based workers accumulate high amounts of sitting time. SMArT (Stand More AT) Work aimed to reduce occupational sitting time and a cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated it was successful in achieving this aim. The purpose of this paper is to present the process evaluation of the SMArT Work intervention. Methods Questionnaire data were collected from intervention participants at 6 (n=58) and 12 months (n=55). Questionnaires sought feedback on the different components of the intervention and experiences of evaluation measures. Control participants (n=37) were asked about the impact of the study on their behaviour and any lifestyle changes made during the study. Participants from both arms were invited to focus groups to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences upon completion of 12 month follow up. Results Focus group and questionnaire data showed a positive attitude towards the height-adjustable workstation with a high proportion of participants using it every day (62%). Most participants (92%) felt the education seminar increased their awareness of the health consequences of too much sitting and motivated them to change to their behaviour. Receiving feedback on their sitting time and support from the research team also encouraged behaviour change. The DARMA cushion and action planning/goal setting diary were seen to be less helpful for behaviour change. Benefits experienced included fewer aches and pains, improved cognitive functioning, increased productivity, more energy, and positive feelings about general health. Conclusions Key elements of the programme identified as facilitating behaviour change were: the educational seminar, the height-adjustable workstation, behavioural feedback and regular contact with research staff.