bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the predictive accuracy of three screening models for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hao Yanjie , Thakkar Vivek , Stevens Wendy , Morrisroe Kathleen , Prior David , Rabusa Candice , Youssef Peter , Gabbay Eli , Roddy Janet , Walker Jennifer , Zochling Jane , Sahhar Joanne , Nash Peter , Lester Susan , Rischmueller Maureen , Proudman Susanna M , Nikpour Mandana
Published: January 2015

Introduction

There is evidence that early screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) improves outcomes. We compared the predictive accuracy of two recently published screening algorithms (DETECT 2013 and Australian Scleroderma Interest Group (ASIG) 2012) for SSc-associated PAH (SSc-PAH) with the commonly used European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS 2009) guidelines.

Methods

We included 73 consecutive SSc patients with suspected PAH undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC). The three screening models were applied to each patient. For each model, contingency table analysis was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values for PAH. These properties were also evaluated in an ‘alternate scenario analysis’ in which the prevalence of PAH was set at 10%.

Results

RHC revealed PAH in 27 (36.9%) patients. DETECT and ASIG algorithms performed equally in predicting PAH with sensitivity and NPV of 100%. The ESC/ERS guidelines had sensitivity of 96.3% and NPV of only 91%, missing one case of PAH; these guidelines could not be applied to three patients who had absent tricuspid regurgitant (TR) jet. The ASIG algorithm had the highest specificity (54.5%). With PAH prevalence set at 10%, the NPV of the models was unchanged, but the PPV dropped to less than 20%.

Conclusions

In this cohort, the DETECT and ASIG algorithms out-perform the ESC/ERS guidelines, detecting all patients with PAH. The ESC/ERS guidelines have limitations in the absence of a TR jet. Ultimately, the choice of SSc-PAH screening algorithm will also depend on cost and ease of application.
Predicting amyloid status in corticobasal syndrome using modified clinical criteria, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
Authors: Sha Sharon J , Ghosh Pia M , Lee Suzee E , Corbetta-Rastelli Chiara , Jagust Willian J , Kornak John , Rankin Katherine P , Grinberg Lea T , Vinters Harry V , Mendez Mario F , Dickson Dennis W , Seeley William W , Gorno-Tempini Marilu , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce L , Boxer Adam L , Rabinovici Gil D
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Group comparisons demonstrate greater visuospatial and memory deficits and temporoparietal-predominant degeneration on neuroimaging in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) found to have Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology versus those with underlying frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The value of these features in predicting underlying AD pathology in individual patients is unknown. The goal of this study is to evaluate the utility of modified clinical criteria and visual interpretations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for predicting amyloid deposition (as a surrogate of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology) in patients presenting with CBS.

Methods

In total, 25 patients meeting CBS core criteria underwent amyloid (Pittsburgh compound B; PIB) PET scans. Clinical records, MRI, and FDG scans were reviewed blinded to PIB results. Modified clinical criteria were used to classify CBS patients as temporoparietal variant CBS (tpvCBS) or frontal variant CBS (fvCBS). MRI and FDG-PET were classified based on the predominant atrophy/hypometabolism pattern (frontal or temporoparietal).

Results

A total of 9 out of 13 patients classified as tpvCBS were PIB+, compared to 2out of 12 patients classified as fvCBS (P < 0.01, sensitivity 82%, specificity 71% for PIB+ status). Visual MRI reads had 73% sensitivity and 46% specificity for PIB+ status with moderate intra-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa = 0.42). Visual FDG reads had higher sensitivity (91%) for PIB+ status with perfect intra-rater reliability (kappa = 1.00), though specificity was low (50%). PIB results were confirmed in all 8 patients with available histopathology (3 PIB+ with confirmed AD, 5 PIB- with FTLD).

Conclusions

Splitting CBS patients into frontal or temporoparietal clinical variants can help predict the likelihood of underlying AD, but criteria require further refinement. Temporoparietal-predominant neuroimaging patterns are sensitive but not specific for AD.
Mycobacterium indicus pranii induces dendritic cell activation, survival, and Th1/Th17 polarization potential in a TLR-dependent manner
Authors: Kumar Pawan , John Vini , Marathe Soumitra , Das Gobardhan , Bhaskar Sangeeta
Published: January 2015

MIP is a nonpathogenic, soil-borne predecessor of Mycobacterium avium. It has been reported previously that MIP possesses strong immunomodulatory properties and confers protection against experimental TB and tumor. DCs, by virtue of their unmatched antigen-presentation potential, play a critical role in activation of antitumor and antimycobacterial immune response. The effect of MIP on the behavior of DCs and the underlying mechanisms, however, have not been investigated so far. In the present study, we showed that MIP induces significant secretion of IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-10, and TNF-α by DCs and up-regulates the expression of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. MIP(L) induced a significantly higher response compared with MIP(K). PI and Annexin V staining showed that MIP increases DC survival by inhibiting apoptosis. Consistently, higher expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was observed in MIP-stimulated DCs. Cytokines, produced by nai¨ve T cells, cocultured with MIP-stimulated DCs, showed that MIP promotes Th1/Th17 polarization potential in DCs. Response to MIP was lost in MyD88−/−DCs, underscoring the critical role of TLRs in MIP-induced DC activation. Further studies revealed that TLR2 and TLR9 are involved in DC activation by MIP(L), whereas MIP(K) activates the DCs through TLR2. Our findings establish the DC activation by MIP, define the behavior of MIP-stimulated DCs, and highlight the role of TLRs in MIP-induced DC activation.
Extreme curvature and extreme flexure analysis for fracture characterization from 3D seismic data: New analytical algorithms and geologic implications
Authors: Gao Dengliang , Di Haibin
Published: January 2015

Fracture characterization is fundamental to the reliable prediction of fractured reservoirs; however, it is difficult and expensive to obtain detailed fracture information required for reservoir prediction due to the lack of direct observational data in the subsurface. Here we develop seismic analysis methods to characterize fractured reservoirs based on reflection geometry related to bending and shearing of reservoir formations. Among various geometric attributes, we focus on extreme curvature and extreme flexure that are considered effective at detecting fractures. Extreme curvature refers to the signed absolute maximum curvature at a specific azimuth where the curve shape is the tightest, whereas extreme flexure refers to the signed absolute maximum gradient of curvature at a specific azimuth where the curve shape changes the most. We implement new algorithms based on analytical equations to calculate extreme curvature and extreme flexure along with the corresponding azimuth from 3D seismic data. Results from 3D seismic surveys demonstrate that the new algorithms help resolve structural details that are otherwise not easily discernible from regular amplitude and conventional attributes. Most importantly, the algorithms hold the potential to volumetrically detect and visualize fractures in an automatic and quantitative manner. We conclude that extreme curvature and extreme flexure attributes have important geologic implications for predicting fundamental fracture properties that are critical to fractured reservoir characterization in the subsurface.
Parallel Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Transporters OATP1c1 and MCT8 During and After Endotoxemia at the Blood-Brain Barrier of Male Rodents
Authors: Wittmann Gábor , Szabon Judit , Mohácsik Petra , Nouriel Shira S. , Gereben Balázs , Fekete Csaba , Lechan Ronald M.
Published: January 2015

There is increasing evidence that local thyroid hormone (TH) availability changes profoundly in inflammatory conditions due to altered expression of deiodinases that metabolize TH. It is largely unknown, however, how inflammation affects TH availability via the expression of TH transporters. In this study we examined the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on two TH transporters that are critically important for brain TH homeostasis, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1c1 (OATP1c1), and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). MRNA levels were studied by in situ hybridization and qPCR as well as protein levels by immunofluorescence in both the rat and mouse forebrain. The mRNA of both transporters decreased robustly in the first 9 hours after LPS injection, specifically in brain blood vessels; OATP1c1 mRNA in astrocytes and MCT8 mRNA in neurons remained unchanged. At 24 and/or 48 hours after LPS administration, OATP1c1 and MCT8 mRNAs increased markedly above control levels in brain vessels. OATP1c1 protein decreased markedly in vessels by 24 hours whereas MCT8 protein levels did not decrease significantly. These changes were highly similar in mice and rats. The data demonstrate that OATP1c1 and MCT8 expression are regulated in a parallel manner during inflammation at the blood-brain barrier of rodents. Given the indispensable role of both transporters in allowing TH access to the brain, the results suggest reduced brain TH uptake during systemic inflammation.
PDK1 regulates focal adhesion disassembly through modulation of αvβ3 integrin endocytosis
Authors: di Blasio Laura , Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Puliafito Alberto , Sessa Roberto , Seano Giorgio , Bussolino Federico , Primo Luca
Published: January 2015

Non-amoeboid cell migration is characterised by dynamic competition among multiple protrusions to establish new adhesion sites at the cell's leading edge. However, the mechanisms that regulate the decision to disassemble or to grow nascent adhesions are not fully understood.

Here we show that in endothelial cells (EC) 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein (PDK1) promotes focal adhesions (FA) turnover by controlling endocytosis of integrin αvβ3 in a PI3K-dependent manner. We demonstrate that PDK1 binds and phosphorylates integrin αvβ3. Down-regulation of PDK1 increases FA size and slows down their disassembly. This process requires both PDK1 kinase activity and PI3K activation but does not involve Akt. Moreover, PDK1 silencing stabilizes FA in membrane protrusions decreasing EC migration on vitronectin.

These results indicate that modulation of integrin endocytosis by PDK1 hampers EC adhesion and migration on extracellular matrix, thus unveiling a novel role for this kinase.
N-cadherin negatively regulates collective Drosophila glial migration via actin cytoskeleton remodeling
Authors: Kumar Arun , Gupta Tripti , Berzsenyi Sara , Giangrande Angela
Published: January 2015

Cell migration is an essential and highly regulated process. During development, glia and neurons migrate over long distances, in most cases collectively, to reach their final destination and build the sophisticated architecture of the nervous system, the most complex tissue of the body. Collective migration is highly stereotyped and efficient, defects in the process leading to severe human diseases that include mental retardation. This dynamic process entails extensive cell communication and coordination, hence the real challenge is to analyze it in the whole organism and at cellular resolution. We here investigate the impact of the N-cadherin adhesion molecule on collective glial migration using the Drosophila developing wing and cell-type specific manipulation of gene expression. We show that N-cadherin timely accumulates in glial cells and that its levels affect migration efficiency. N-cadherin works as a molecular brake in a dosage dependent manner by negatively controlling actin nucleation and cytoskeleton remodeling through α/β catenins. This is the first in vivo evidence for N-cadherin negatively and cell autonomously controlling collective migration.
Basolateral secretion of Wnt5a in polarized epithelial cells is required for apical lumen formation
Authors: Yamamoto Hideki , Awada Chihiro , Matsumoto Shinji , Kaneiwa Tomoyuki , Sugimoto Takayuki , Takao Toshifumi , Kikuchi Akira
Published: January 2015

Wnt5a regulates planar cell polarity in epithelial cells, but it remains to be determined if Wnt5a and its receptors are sorted apically or basolaterally, and how Wnt5a signaling is involved in apical and basolateral polarization. We found that Wnt5a was secreted basolaterally in polarized kidney epithelial cells. The basolateral secretion of Wnt5a required Wntless, clathrin, and adaptor protein 1. Wnt5a receptors were also localized to the basolateral membranes, but their sorting did not require Wntless. Wnt5a-induced signaling was stimulated more efficiently at the basolateral side than the apical side. Knockdown of Wnt5a delayed apical lumen formation of the epithelial cyst, and these phenotypes were rescued by wild-type Wnt5a, but not a Wnt5a mutant that is secreted apically. Although apoptosis was not required for apical lumen formation in wild-type cyst, apoptosis was necessary for eliminating luminal cells in Wnt5a-depleted cyst. These results suggest that Wnt5a and its receptors are sorted to their correct destination by different mechanisms, and that the basolateral secretion of Wnt5a is necessary for apical lumen formation in the epithelial cyst.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Extended π-Conjugative and Push–Pull-Type 1,4-Diaryl-1-thio-1,3-butadienes Incorporated in a Dibenzobarrelene Skeleton
Authors: Annaka Tatsuro , Nakata Norio , Ishii Akihiko
Published: January 2015

1,4-Bis(p-ethynylphenyl)-1-thio-1,3-butadiene derivatives incorporated in a dibenzobarrelene skeleton were yielded by Sonogashira reactions of the corresponding 1,4-bis(p-halophenyl) derivatives, and push–pull-type sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives were obtained by oxidation of the amino derivative prepared by Buchwald–Hartwig reaction of the 1,4-bis(p-halophenyl) derivatives. These compounds show red-shifted yellow and orange fluorescence [λem(CH2Cl2) = 522–562 nm, λem(solid) = 522–580 nm] in comparing with the unsubstituted, 1,4-diphenyl-1-thio-1,3-butadiene derivative [λem(CH2Cl2) = 491 nm, λem(solid) = 483 nm].
Vice-Virtue Bundles
Authors: Liu Peggy J. , Haws Kelly L. , Lamberton Cait , Campbell Troy H. , Fitzsimons Gavan J.
Published: January 2015

We introduce a simple solution to help consumers manage choices between healthy and unhealthy food options: vice-virtue bundles. Vice-virtue bundles are item aggregates with varying proportions of both vice and virtue, holding overall quantity constant. Four studies compare choice and perceptions of differently composed vice-virtue bundles relative to one another and to pure vice and pure virtue options. Although multiple consumer segments can be identified, results suggest that people overall tend to prefer vice-virtue bundles with small [Formula: see text] to medium [Formula: see text] proportions of vice rather than large [Formula: see text] proportions of vice. Moreover, people generally rate vice-virtue bundles with small vice proportions as healthier but similarly tasty as bundles with larger vice proportions. For most individuals, choice patterns are different from those predicted by variety-seeking accounts alone. Instead, these findings provide evidence of asymmetric effectiveness of small vice and virtue proportions at addressing taste and health goals, respectively.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2053 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Decision Making Under Uncertainty When Preference Information Is Incomplete
Authors: Armbruster Benjamin , Delage Erick
Published: January 2015

We consider the problem of optimal decision making under uncertainty but assume that the decision maker’s utility function is not completely known. Instead, we consider all the utilities that meet some criteria, such as preferring certain lotteries over other lotteries and being risk averse, S-shaped, or prudent. These criteria extend the ones used in the first- and second-order stochastic dominance framework. We then give tractable formulations for such decision-making problems. We formulate them as robust utility maximization problems, as optimization problems with stochastic dominance constraints, and as robust certainty equivalent maximization problems. We use a portfolio allocation problem to illustrate our results.

This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.
Organizational Failure and Intraprofessional Status Loss
Authors: Rider Christopher I. , Negro Giacomo
Published: January 2015

We examine variation in intraprofessional status changes for employees displaced by organizational failure. We propose that failure-related reductions in bargaining power are moderated by individual status characteristics that influence potential employers’ evaluations of job candidates and, therefore, individuals’ status loss risks. Treating a prominent law firm’s failure as a quasi-experiment, we test our arguments by analyzing 224 firm partners’ transitions to subsequent employers. Most partners regained employment at firms of lower status than the failed firm. But, independent of their demonstrated productivity, a partner’s likelihood of status loss increased with tenure in the failed firm’s partnership and decreased with educational prestige. These results suggest not only that organizational failure can diminish cumulative career advantages but also that status characteristics that enable attainment, such as education, can protect individuals against status loss.
Taking the step up to the SLT
Authors: West Jessica
Published: January 2015

SecEd is a supporter of the Future Leaders programme. Here, Jessica West details her journey from middle to senior leadership via the initiative and discusses some of the challenges she has faced along the way
The magic of myelin
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: January 2015

Each time we practise a skill, a new layer of myelin is added to our neurones, helping us to retain and improve new knowledge and skills. It means that deep practice is crucial to our development. Matt Bromley explains
Detection of Human Papillomavirus 16, 18, and 45 in Women With ASC-US Cytology and the Risk of Cervical Precancer
Authors: Castle Phillip E. , Cuzick Jack , Stoler Mark H. , Wright Thomas C. , Reid Jennifer L. , Dockter Janel , Giachetti Cristina , Getman Damon
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

The Aptima human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 18/45 Genotype (GT) assay (AHPV-GT) is a qualitative E6/ E7 oncogene messenger RNA test that detects HPV 16 and a pool of HPV 18 and 45. The CLEAR (Clinical Evaluation of APTIMA mRNA) study was the pivotal, prospective, multicenter US clinical study to validate the Aptima HPV (AHPV) assays.

Methods:

In this analysis, we evaluated the clinical performance of AHPV and AHPV-GT assays for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe (CIN2 +) and grade 3 (CIN3) or adenocarcinoma in situ in 912 women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) Papanicolaou result. The AHPV-GT assay was performed on high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positives as determined by the AHPV assay.

Results:

Overall, the percent positive for hrHPV was 38.8% (354/912), of which 34.2% (121/354) were GT positive. Among hrHPV-positive women, the risks of CIN2 + were 37.0% for HPV 16 positives, 15.9% for HPV 18/45 positives, 14.3% for other hrHPV positives, and 2.2% for AHPV negatives. The risks of CIN3 + were 20.5% for HPV 16 positives, 9.1% for HPV 18/45 positives, 4.3% for other hrHPV positives, and 0.7% for HPV negatives.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated that AHPV-GT is a reliable and effective test for cervical cancer risk stratification in women with an ASC-US cytology diagnosis.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 in Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Authors: Amador-Ortiz Catalina , Goolsby Charles L. , Peterson LoAnn C. , Wolniak Kristy L. , McLaughlin Janet L. , Gao Juehua , Chen Yi-Hua
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) assessed by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be highly associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) among small B-cell lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL.

Methods:

Normal peripheral blood was used to validate the test. Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 was performed in 64 patient samples qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing the staining intensity and the ratios of the median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) of LEF1 in B cells of interest to the internal reference cell populations. The results were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis.

Results:

Proper sample processing ensured sufficient separation of positive LEF1 staining in T cells from negative staining in normal B and natural killer (NK) cells. Qualitative analysis of patient samples showed that all 25 cases of CLL/SLL but none of the other small B-cell lymphomas were positive for LEF1. Using a B/NK MFI ratio of 1.5 and B/T MFI ratio of 0.45 separated CLL/SLL cases from non-CLL lymphomas.

Conclusions:

Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 is sufficient to differentiate CLL/SLL from other small B-cell lymphomas and may serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL.
Modernity, femininity and Hollywood fashions: Women’s cinephilia in 1930s French fan magazines
Authors: Wimmer Leila
Published: January 2015

My broad aim in this article is to explore the reception of Hollywood fashions in French mass circulation film magazines of the 1930s as it intersects with specific ideals of modernity, femininity and national identity. These magazines allow for a case study exploring the nexus between the global and the local in the construction of particular models of modern femininity in consumer culture. I want to suggest that these publications offered a key site for French women’s negotiation of modernity and were a key locus of a popular, feminine cinephilia neglected in existing accounts of cinephilia.
‘Ma Face Vanille’: White rappers, ‘Black Music’, and race in France
Authors: Bretillon Chong J.
Published: January 2015

If the meanings of ‘Frenchness’ are highly contested in French culture, then the meanings of whiteness are even more so: France’s ideology of inclusion explicitly rejects racial identifications in favour of the universal notion of ‘Frenchness’. However, whiteness tends to operate as a signifier of Frenchness, and both colonialism and immigration policies have played a crucial role in the consolidation of this identity. These debates are enriched by the consideration of French popular culture, especially hip hop, a black American cultural import. This article demonstrates how scholarship has largely glossed over the question of whiteness in hip hop, and has thus ignored how white rappers negotiate racial privilege while expressing solidarity with their black and Arabe counterparts. The first part of the article provides an overview of discourses surrounding racial authenticity in both American and global hip hop, to show how French rappers adapted the American racial binary to the multicultural French context. The article then draws upon scholarship in the emerging field of whiteness studies in France to locate white rappers’ anti-racist stances within the current structure of French racial politics, arguing that texts and images by some white rap groups give valence to their minority status in hip hop, as a technique to position themselves outside the privilege they are presumed to enjoy as white French people.

Dans la culture française, la signifiance des notions de ‘Francité’ et de ‘blanchité’ est souvent contestée. En France, l’idéologie de l’intégration rejette toute forme d’identification raciale en faveur de l’universalisme français. Pourtant, la blanchité a tendance à impliquer la Francité et le colonialisme ainsi que la politique de l’immigration qui ont joué des rôles importants dans la consolidation de cette identité. En outre, ce débat autour du concept de blanchité est enrichi par la culture populaire ; voire le hip hop, importé de la forme culturelle noire américaine, s’effectue à cause de l’influence de celui-ci. Cet article démontre que les recherches jusqu’à présent ont pour la plupart ignoré la question de la blanchité dans le hip hop. Également, ils n’ont pas tenu compte de comment les rappeurs blancs négocient leur privilège racial en même temps qu’ils expriment la solidarité avec leurs pairs des rappeurs Noirs et Maghrébins. La première partie de cet article résume les discours au sujet de l’authenticité raciale dans le hip hop américain et mondial pour éclairer comment les rappeurs français ont adapté la binarité raciale américaine au contexte multiculturel français. Ensuite, l’on situera les positions anti-racistes des rappeurs blancs dans la structure actuelle de la politique raciale en France, en affirmant que les textes et les images adoptés par certains rappeurs impliquent leur statut minoritaire dans le domaine du hip hop français--une technique utilisée pour se situer en dehors du statut privilégié--l’on présume qu’ils bénéficient en tant que Blancs.
Introducing social capital into the ‘polarized pluralist’ model: The different contexts of press politicization in Portugal and Spain
Authors: Álvares Cláudia , Damásio Manuel José
Published: January 2015

This article presents the concept of social capital as complementary to Hallin and Mancini’s ‘polarized pluralist’ model, which has been used in relation to both Spain and Portugal. In our view, while the current Spanish context may be characterized by ‘partisan’ journalism, this is less true of Portugal. We propose that Hallin and Mancini’s polarized pluralist model be complemented by the concept of social capital to comprehend the specific underpinnings of the power constellations surrounding the press in Portugal and Spain. We will start by comparing the current situation of the press in both countries, with analysis centred on the continuities and discontinuities between past and present in a context of transition to democracy. The evolution of the press under the right-wing dictatorships of Franco and Salazar will then be historically contextualized, with the aim of drawing attention to ideological differences that may currently account for the greater political fissures between the right and left wings in Spain compared to Portugal. Lastly, we will examine the threat that the Portuguese Colonial War and the Spanish separatist movements posed to national, hegemonically defined, ‘imagined communities’ (Anderson 1983) and their subsequent influence on the evolution of press freedom in both countries.
Transition to democracy and state television: Comparative analysis for Portugal and Spain
Authors: Jiménez Virginia Martín
Published: January 2015

Media, and particularly state television, became a key element in the strategy for change during transition in the Iberian Peninsula in the mid-1970s. Television became a means for the new government to talk directly with society, to influence public opinion and to get citizens’ support. Within this context of political transition, this article aims to show a comparative view of the role played by state television in Portugal (RTP) and Spain (TVE) in order to draw similarities and differences between transition models from both a political point of view and the standpoint of television media. The sources used for this study are TVE and RTP programmes from the archives of the respective television headquarters, in-depth and face-to-face interviews with journalists who lived through the transition in the Iberian Peninsula, and an updated bibliography.
The melting pot: Parafiction Art in Israel and Palestine
Authors: Goldberg Keren
Published: January 2015

Art historian Carrie Lambert-Beatty offers the term ‘Parafiction Art’ to describe an emergent genre of artwork in which the artist imitates, invents, fakes or makes up narratives, people or events that are perceived by the spectators, for different reasons and for different lengths of time, as true. These works play on the overlap between fact and fiction in a unique manner:

Like a paramedic as opposed to a medical doctor, a parafiction is related to but not quite a member of the category of fiction as established in literature and drama. It remains a bit outside. It does not perform its procedures in the hygienic clinics of literature, but has one foot in the field of the real. (Lambert-Beatty 2009: 54)

This is why Parafiction Art possesses the power to influence specific contexts, and to challenge their statuesque. Arguing for the special importance of Parafiction Art within political contexts that strongly adhere to specific truth-values, this article examines recent parafictional practices in Israel and Palestine, and how these works challenge the hegemonic regime in this problematic geopolitical context: the right-wing Israeli government on one hand and the terrorist attacks on the other. Hardly any English literature has been published on the subject to date.
Review
Authors: O’Drobinak Renée
Published: January 2015

Charlie Boyer and The Voyeurs – Live Score: Belladonna of Sadness for the ‘East End Film Festival 2014’: Psychedelic. Pornographic. Japanese. Beaten up. Shut Her Up and That’s All She Will Be
Artist pages (as footnotes to a collaborative project with Michaela Zuge-Bruton)
Authors: Copley Martina
Published: January 2015

Martina Copley’s practice is a vagabond investigation in the place where language recites.

There are some principles. Letting the work speak how it is made. Uncertainty in a dynamic puts everything at attention. Everything requires attention. Look at the change of things, what takes place, notated and not. Vantage includes the way in which objects come into question even as they come into view. Stutter and stumble are descriptions of flow that have their own flow. Beginning in the middle, what happens in the middle is itself, and new. All things are equal to world.

Carried by an interest in attention, annotation and the processes of abstraction, I approach my practice as a kind of transcription. I use temporal elements in a material proposition like the stutter, loop, iteration and fugue, to unstructure anticipation and complicate the ‘view’. Things that normally exist in different registers or levels of abstraction are apprehended at different degrees of nearness and distance. The work creates its own order of things as an accumulation of things, each thing its own way of holding something in attention. It is not the content of the object or the material I choose to work with that counts but everything that lies beyond it.
Who Says I Can’t?
Authors: Rattermann Katrina
Published: January 2015

By breaking away from traditional means of display, I am exposing our relationship to ceramic objects and confronting our preoccupation with style.
Pilates, mindfulness and somatic education
Authors: Caldwell Karen , Adams Marianne , Quin Rebecca , Harrison Mandy , Greeson Jeffrey
Published: January 2015

The Pilates Method is a form of somatic education with the potential to cultivate mindfulness – a mental quality associated with overall well-being. However, controlled studies are needed to determine whether changes in mindfulness are specific to the Pilates Method or also result from other forms of exercise. This quasi-experimental study compared Pilates Method mat classes and recreational exercise classes on measures of mindfulness and well-being at the beginning, middle and end of a fifteen-week semester. Total mindfulness scores increased overall for the Pilates Method group but not for the exercise control group, and these increases were directly related to end of semester ratings of self-regulatory self-efficacy, perceived stress and mood. Findings suggest that the Pilates Method specifically enhances mindfulness, and these increases are associated with other measures of wellness. The changes in mindfulness identified in this study support the role of the Pilates Method in the mental well-being of its practitioners and its potential to support dancers’ overall well-being.
Capture, manipulate, project, preserve: A compositional journey
Authors: Stollery Pete
Published: January 2015

Much of the text in this article first appeared as an invited keynote presentation given at the From Tape to Typedef; Compositional Methods in Electroacoustic Music symposium held at the University of Sheffield, UK, from 30 January to 2 February 2013 and charts a personal compositional journey from the early 1980s to the present day, referencing compositional methodologies and remarking on what has changed (if anything) over a 30-year career composing with technology on fixed media. The relationship between soundscape composition and acousmatic music is examined with reference to a number of projects and pieces of music including Peel, ABZ/A, Gordon Soundscape, scènes, rendez-vous and the Three Cities Project.
The pale shade of legality: the resilience of arbitrary criminal iudicia after the era of revolutions − the Portuguese case
Authors: HESPANHA ANTÓNIO MANUEL
Published: January 2015

The most common historiographical narrative stresses the importance of liberal revolutions in the evolution of both criminal policy and criminal law − under the old regime, harshness and arbitrariness; after the revolution, humanitarianism and legality. Both assessments are seemingly
mistaken − at least for southern European countries. Grace and mercy − a crucial element of royal rule and the proper judicial enforcement of law − moderated the ruthlessness of formal law. While judges were invited to temper the rigor legis with the merciful tuning of general
legal provisions according to the doctrinal standards of an exquisite casuistic equity, during the 19th century personal security against arbitrary criminal prosecution was considered a basic pillar of liberalism. However, criminal policy largely reduced the range of formal (legal-judicial)
criminal penalties, leading to a harsh and socially biased police practice in the handling of common criminality. With the exception of France, criminal codification only expanded by the mid-19th century; thereafter, criminal doctrine combined references to formal law with philosophical, political
and even literary ingredients, reshaping legality according to a romantic concept of immanent law.
Teachers: Between trade union and professional class
Authors: Freire João
Published: January 2015

This article develops along four sections. In the first section, after presenting some results of a sociological survey of teachers carried out by Manuel Braga da Cruz in 1989, I conclude that theirs is a growing social group, mostly female, that sees itself as underpaid and having
little social recognition, politicized, unionized and deeply involved with the Catholic community, and that, at the time of inaugurating a new legal statute for the profession, the group has divided and contrasting opinions on the existing career model, where progression is mainly based on
seniority, and a hypothetical selective and pyramidal model, based rather on an actual evaluation of the professional abilities of the teacher.

In the second section I endeavour to describe the professional regulations that were in place when the PS (Socialist Party) government took over,
in 2005, and the assessment I then made of the professional career of teaching. In the third, based on a book report recently published by the former education minister, I identify the measures that changed the professional situation of teachers, focusing particularly on the teaching career
statutes and performance evaluation. Finally, in the fourth, I follow and discuss the analyses made by the sociologist Alan Stoleroff on the developing conflict between government, unions and teachers that marked that incumbency.

I conclude that the professional power of teachers –
still noteworthy in spite of their attrition and loss of authority – combined with the resentment they feel due to their poor social recognition and the assets made possible by an above-average social capital (skills of erudition and communication, integration in the ‘real world’,
middle-class relational networks), determines, on the whole, that this professional group should resist, in this conjuncture, the ‘temptation’ to evolve into an occupational model that is internally more differentiated, more competing and more ‘professionalizing’, and
should instead hold to the egalitarian model of security and predictability proposed by the union.
The Peninsular War as a diversion and the role of the Portuguese in the British strategy
Authors: Costa Fernando Dores
Published: January 2015

This article concerns the unexpected role of Portuguese troops in Lord Wellington’s army during the years of the war of diversion in the Peninsula, forcing the French to keep a large army in place. After the defeat of Masséna’s campaign over Lisbon in 1810–1811,
Portugal and Portuguese men, replacing the failed alliance with the Spanish, remained an essential component of the British army during the campaigns in Spain and France from 1811 until 1814. The statements of Marquess Wellesley are clear about the intentions of the ‘Peninsular party’.
Separation, death, the thing, Freud, Lacan, and the missed encounter
Authors: Malabou Catherine
Published: January 2015

The author re-examines the relationship between Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories of the death drive and how they relate to our conceptualization of one's own end.
Betrayal: The thanatocracy (1974)
Authors: Serres Michel
Published: January 2015

In this article the author reframes the philosophy of science and examines its central role in the philosophical project. For Serres both a new science and a new philosophy must be forged that transcend the endpoints both endeavours face.
Negotiating historical interpretation and White privilege in histories of art education
Authors: Stankiewicz Mary Ann
Published: January 2015

Frances Euphemia Thompson (c. 1896–1992) taught art education at what is now Tennessee State University in Nashville, from summer 1922 until her retirement in 1969. She was appointed Professor in 1944 and Professor Emerita in 1974. The Tennessee Department of Education published Art in the Elementary Schools: A Manual for Teachers, based on her bachelor’s thesis from Massachusetts School of Art, to help classroom teachers, chiefly in rural African American communities, carry out a functional art programme. I am a White art educator, working in the twenty-first century, carrying the ‘invisible knapsack’ of White privilege. The contents of that knapsack shape my interpretation of Thompson’s art learning and teaching. As an art educator doing historical research, I carry other invisible knapsacks: assumptions about art education, what history is and can be. These values and beliefs contribute to the paradox of historical interpretation. How and under what circumstances did Thompson’s identity as an African American art educator matter in her professional contributions? In order to answer this question and interpret the life experience of African American art educator from the last century, I must unpack my invisible knapsacks. I will compare my White privilege with Thompson’s experiences in the segregated south, and discuss challenges of using culturally and historically appropriate language.
Black artists of the Harlem Renaissance in western survey textbooks: Narratives of omission and representation
Authors: Grant Alphonso Walter , Kee Jessica Baker
Published: January 2015

In this article we examine the inclusion of Black American artists in a selection of western survey art history textbooks using the Harlem Renaissance as an analytical exemplar. We first examine Black intellectual and artistic representations of the Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance arguing that this work provides a vital contribution to the Western Modernist art tradition. We argue that although there is a great deal of critical contemporary scholarship around the Harlem Renaissance period, three problematic narratives still persist in college-level textbooks: the omission of Black American artists from the larger narrative of Modernist art, the misrepresentation of major themes of Harlem Renaissance art, and a continued focus on Modernist tropes of primitivism. We analyse the content of three mainstream western art history textbooks using Kymberly Pinder’s (1999) theory of the ‘native informant’ as well as other major ideas surrounding Black visual omission and representation. Finally, we examine possible implications of these problematic narratives for art educators, students and historians.
Stories in stone: Investigating the stories behind the sculptural commemoration of the Confederacy
Authors: Buffington Melanie L.
Published: January 2015

This article explores the time in which the large Robert E. Lee monument was planned and built in Richmond, Virginia. Drawing on archives, the story of this monument relates to remembering this man in ways that build and perpetuate the stories of the Lost Cause movement. This article also explores how competing interests in the local community tried to sway the movement to commemorate him in ways that favoured their various interests. The issue of who owns the past and how it is represented in the present in artistic forms continues to be an issue in Richmond and throughout the world. Because people in communities learn from their environment, it is important for art educators to consider the history of their geographic locations and to think about how this history is a form of education.
Factors associated with in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with CHD and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sumin Aleksey Nikolaevich , Bezdenezhnykh Natalya Alexandrovna , Bezdenezhnykh Andrey Viktorovich , Ivanov Sergey Vasil'evich , Belik Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Barbarash Olga Leonidovna
Published: January 2015

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the main method used for myocardial revascularisation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and determining the factors affecting the outcomes of CABG in these patients is important. Objective. To identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality after coronary artery surgery (CABG) for patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who underwent CABG from 2006 to 2009 was conducted. From these, 317 patients with T2DM were selected (median age: 59,0 years). As a control group, 350 patients (median age: 58,0 years) without diabetes or pre-diabetes, who were matched by sex, age and CABG characteristics, were selected. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors possibly associated with in-hospital mortality. Results. There were no group differences for the frequency of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality (p >0,05). During the early postoperative period, 5 (1,6%) diabetic and 7 (2,0%) non-diabetic patients died (p=0,682). By the logistic regression analysis, T2DM did not predict patient mortality (p=0,458). Among the patients with T2DM, a risk of death was associated with a stroke history (OR 21,661; 95% CI 1,701-76,521; р=0,013), and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as estimated by the CKD-EPI equation (OR 1,512 per 5 ml/min/1,73m2.  decrease; 95% CI 1,017-2,257; р=0,048), independent of gender, age or triple-vessel and left-main disease. By multivariate analysis for the non-diabetic patients, the risk of death increased by more than 10 times because of reinfarction (OR=10,272; 95% CI: 1,258?56,163; p=0,029) and increased by 6,8 times with an increase in preoperative fibrinogen levels of 1 g/l (OR=6,802; 95% CI: 1,283?35,714; p=0,024), independent of gender, age, smoking or mitral valve regurgitation. Conclusions. T2DM was not a predictor of death during the early period after CABG. For the diabetic patients, independent predictors of in-hospital mortality after CABG were stroke history and reduced GFR. For the patients without T2DM, the independent predictors were reinfarction and preoperative fibrinogen levels.
Different antihyperglycaemic drug effects on glycaemic variability in Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Babenko Alina , Krasilnikova Elena Ivanovna , Likhonosov Nikolay Pavlovich , Likhonosova Anna Pavlovna , Grineva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: January 2015

Optimizing treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains an urgent issue. In addition to T2DM treatment strategies, such as glycaemic goals (glucose and glycated haemoglobin ? HbА1c) among different patient populations, the influence of glycaemic variability (GV) on the prognosis of patients with T2DM is also important. According to recent data, GV is associated with cardiovascular complications arising from T2DM. However, although the influence of GV on the development of vascular complications arising from diabetes and underlying mechanisms has been extensively investigated, few studies have investigated the effects of different glucose-lowering medications on GV, and there are even fewer reviews of this topic. This type of analysis is highly relevant, particularly because new classes of antidiabetic medications with potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects have been developed. These include groups of drugs that mimic or enhance incretin activity, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues/mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors. A glucose-dependent mechanism suggests that these groups of antidiabetic medications have beneficial effects on GV. Thus, the current study focusses on the comparative analysis of drugs based on their incretin effects (GLP-1 analogues/mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors) and оther antidiabetic medications with regard to GV in the patients with T2DM.
Calorimetric study of activated carbons
impregnated with CaCl2
Authors: Vargas Diana Paola , Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: January 2015

Activated carbon monoliths with different
surface characteristics were prepared by impregnating
oil palm stone with diluted aqueous CaCl2 solutions (with
concentrations between 2 and 7% w/v) without binders.
The solids were characterized by determination of
nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and carbon dioxide
adsorption isotherms at 273 K using volumetric adsorption
equipment. Surface area and micropore volume values
were calculated from the nitrogen isotherms using the
BET and DR models, respectively, obtaining solids with
low percentages of mesoporosity. Immersion enthalpies
of the activated carbon monoliths were determined in
benzene, with values between -173 and -104 J g-1, and
water, with values between 61 and 30 J g-1, indicating that
the monoliths have a hydrophobic character.
Characterization and photocatalytic activity of
Ti/TinOm ∙ ZrxOy coatings for azo-dye degradation
Authors: Sakhnenko Nickolay , Ved Marina , Bykanova Victoria , Nikiforow Kostiantyn
Published: January 2015

Anodic oxidation of VT1-0 titanium and E-125
zirconium alloy in aqueous electrolyte solutions based
on H2SO4 and K4P2O7 was used to obtain oxide coatings
composed of Zr/ZrO2, Ti/TiO2, and mixed oxide systems
Ti/TinOm ∙ ZrxOy. It was shown that, depending on the
electrolyte рН, the films contained from 0.17 to 2.1% wt.
of zirconium. The catalytic activity of the synthesized
coatings in the oxidation reaction of the methyl orange
azo dye under UV irradiation was established. The process
rate constants and synergy factors for the mixed systems
were calculated.