bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Fc-Silent Anti-TIGIT Antibodies Potentiate Antitumor Immunity without Depleting Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Piovesan Dana , de Groot Amber E. , Cho Soonweng , Anderson Amy E. , Ray Rebecca D. , Patnaik Amita , Foster Paul G. , Mitchell Casey G. , Lopez Espinoza Alejandra Y. , Zhu Wandi S. , Stagnaro Carlo E. , Singh Hema , Zhao Xiaoning , Seitz Lisa , Walker Nigel P. , Walters Matthew J. , Sivick Kelsey E.
Published: June 2024

Abstract
T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor on immune cells that outcompetes an activating receptor, CD226, for shared ligands. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes express TIGIT and CD226 on regulatory T cells (Treg) and on CD8+ T cells with tumor-reactive or exhausted phenotypes, supporting the potential of therapeutically targeting TIGIT to enhance antitumor immunity. To optimize the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies against TIGIT, it is necessary to understand IgG Fc (Fcγ) receptor binding for therapeutic benefit. In this study, we showed that combining Fc-enabled (Fce) or Fc-silent (Fcs) anti-TIGIT with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 in mice resulted in enhanced control of tumors by differential mechanisms: Fce anti-TIGIT promoted the depletion of intratumoral Treg, whereas Fcs anti-TIGIT did not. Despite leaving Treg numbers intact, Fcs anti-TIGIT potentiated the activation of tumor-specific exhausted CD8+ populations in a lymph node–dependent manner. Fce anti-TIGIT induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human Treg in vitro, and significant decreases in Treg were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with phase I solid tumor cancer treated with Fce anti-TIGIT. In contrast, Fcs anti-TIGIT did not deplete human Treg in vitro and was associated with anecdotal objective clinical responses in two patients with phase I solid tumor cancer whose peripheral Treg frequencies remained stable on treatment. Collectively, these data provide evidence for pharmacologic activity and antitumor efficacy of anti-TIGIT antibodies lacking the ability to engage Fcγ receptor.
Significance:
Fcs-silent anti-TIGIT antibodies enhance the activation of tumor-specific pre-exhausted T cells and promote antitumor efficacy without depleting T regulatory cells.
Data from Integration of Pan-Cancer Cell Line and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiles Enables Inference of Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Heterogeneous Tumors
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Maeser Danielle , Lee Adam , Huang Yingbo , Gruener Robert F. , Abdelbar Israa G. , Jena Sampreeti , Patel Anand G. , Huang R. Stephanie
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) greatly advanced the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity by identifying distinct cancer cell subpopulations. However, translating biological differences into treatment strategies is challenging due to a lack of tools to facilitate efficient drug discovery that tackles heterogeneous tumors. Developing such approaches requires accurate prediction of drug response at the single-cell level to offer therapeutic options to specific cell subpopulations. Here, we developed a transparent computational framework (nicknamed scIDUC) to predict therapeutic efficacies on an individual cell basis by integrating single-cell transcriptomic profiles with large, data-rich pan-cancer cell line screening data sets. This method achieved high accuracy in separating cells into their correct cellular drug response statuses. In three distinct prospective tests covering different diseases (rhabdomyosarcoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and castration-resistant prostate cancer), the predicted results using scIDUC were accurate and mirrored biological expectations. In the first two tests, the framework identified drugs for cell subpopulations that were resistant to standard-of-care (SOC) therapies due to intrinsic resistance or tumor microenvironmental effects, and the results showed high consistency with experimental findings from the original studies. In the third test using newly generated SOC therapy-resistant cell lines, scIDUC identified efficacious drugs for the resistant line, and the predictions were validated with in vitro experiments. Together, this study demonstrates the potential of scIDUC to quickly translate scRNA-seq data into drug responses for individual cells, displaying the potential as a tool to improve the treatment of heterogenous tumors.
Significance:
A versatile method that infers cell-level drug response in scRNA-seq data facilitates the development of therapeutic strategies to target heterogeneous subpopulations within a tumor and address issues such as treatment failure and resistance.
Supplementary Table S1-S14 from Mutation Patterns Predict Drug Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Qin Guangrong , Dai Jin , Chien Sylvia , Martins Timothy J. , Loera Brenda , Nguyen Quy H. , Oakes Melanie L. , Tercan Bahar , Aguilar Boris , Hagen Lauren , McCune Jeannine , Gelinas Richard , Monnat Raymond J. , Shmulevich Ilya , Becker Pamela S.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Table S1-S14
Supplementary Data 7 from Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Alters Clinical Diagnoses in a Significant Fraction of Tumors Suspicious of Sarcoma
Authors: Öfverholm Ingegerd , Wallander Karin , Haglund Cecilia , Chellappa Venkatesh , Wejde Johan , Gellerbring Anna , Wirta Valtteri , Renevey Annick , Caceres Eva , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Mayrhofer Markus , Papakonstantinou Andri , Linder-Stragliotto Christina , Bränström Robert , Larsson Olle , Lindberg Johan , Lin Yingbo , Haglund de Flon Felix
Published: June 2024

Table S7
Supplementary Table 6 from Co-occurring EGFR p.E709X Mutation Mediates Primary Resistance to the Third-Generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR p.G719X-Mutant Patients with Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Pang Lanlan , Huang Yihua , Zhuang Weitao , Zhang Yaxiong , Liao Jun , Hao Yue , Hao Feng , Wang Guoqian , Chen Ze-xin Chase , Zhu Yu , Li Mengzhen , Song Zhengbo , Deng Bo Peng , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Fang Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Table 6. Literature review: response to EGFR-TKIs (Afatinib or Osimertinib) in EGFR p.G719X-mutant patients with advanced NSCLC (Sample size≥10)
Supplementary Table 4 from Co-occurring EGFR p.E709X Mutation Mediates Primary Resistance to the Third-Generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR p.G719X-Mutant Patients with Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Pang Lanlan , Huang Yihua , Zhuang Weitao , Zhang Yaxiong , Liao Jun , Hao Yue , Hao Feng , Wang Guoqian , Chen Ze-xin Chase , Zhu Yu , Li Mengzhen , Song Zhengbo , Deng Bo Peng , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Fang Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Table 4. List of genes included in the SYSUCC Personalized Diagnostics Panel (Tumor tissue and blood sample control)
Data from Molecular and Clinical Determinants of Acquired Resistance and Treatment Duration for Targeted Therapies in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Harrold Emily , Keane Fergus , Walch Henry , Chou Joanne F. , Sinopoli Jenna , Palladino Silvia , Al-Rawi Duaa H. , Chadalavada Kalyani , Manca Paolo , Chalasani Sree , Yang Jessica , Cercek Andrea , Shia Jinru , Capanu Marinela , Bakhoum Samuel F. , Schultz Nikolaus , Chatila Walid K. , Yaeger Rona
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, but their impact is limited by rapid emergence of resistance. We hypothesized that an understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms and intrinsic tumor features that mediate resistance to therapy will guide new therapeutic strategies and ultimately allow the prevention of resistance.
Experimental Design:
We assembled a series of 52 patients with paired pretreatment and progression samples who received therapy targeting EGFR (n = 17), BRAF V600E (n = 17), KRAS G12C (n = 15), or amplified HER2 (n = 3) to identify molecular and clinical factors associated with time on treatment (TOT).
Results:
All patients stopped treatment for progression and TOT did not vary by oncogenic driver (P = 0.5). Baseline disease burden (≥3 vs. <3 sites, P = 0.02), the presence of hepatic metastases (P = 0.02), and gene amplification on baseline tissue (P = 0.03) were each associated with shorter TOT. We found evidence of chromosomal instability (CIN) at progression in patients with baseline MAPK pathway amplifications and those with acquired gene amplifications. At resistance, copy-number changes (P = 0.008) and high number (≥5) of acquired alterations (P = 0.04) were associated with shorter TOT. Patients with hepatic metastases demonstrated both higher number of emergent alterations at resistance and enrichment of mutations involving receptor tyrosine kinases.
Conclusions:
Our genomic analysis suggests that high baseline CIN or effective induction of enhanced mutagenesis on targeted therapy underlies rapid progression. Longer response appears to result from a progressive acquisition of genomic or chromosomal instability in the underlying cancer or from the chance event of a new resistance alteration.
The Power of Digital Communication in Scaling Remote Engineering Teams: An Interview-Based Study on Cultural Diversity and Challenges in Telecommuting
Authors: Aquino Trishia Joyce D. , Cordero Angela Faith F. , Culla Anne Katherine C. , Manliclic Sid Nicolas J. , Pineda, Jr. Florentino G. , Rafael Charlie Jay C.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
 
In this day and age, the world has slowly been shifting to the widespread use of technology in almost all aspects, including employment. This is proven by the continuous growth in the number of remote jobs globally, which allows people to work from home through the use of technology anytime and anywhere. Naturally, challenges and dilemmas, especially when it comes to communication, arise in the workplace. However, the challenges experienced in the face-to-face setup may differ from what is experienced in a remote or online setup.
That being said, this research aims to discover the organizational culture being practiced in a remote work setup, specifically its organizational culture, communication flow, and practices, as well as the communication model being observed in the workplace through the conduction of an interview between two engineers.
The findings reveal that the organization has both linguistic diversity and cultural pluralism. Moreover, their primary communication channels are digital tools, which is an indication that the Interactive model of communication is observed in their company. In addition, employees, irrespective of their positions, are also given the chance to participate and talk during meetings, which signifies that the company's communication flows are both vertical and horizontal. Lastly, technological barriers like internet connectivity impact project development, which may lead to miscommunications in the workplace.
Overall, the research sheds light on communication challenges and practices in remote work environments while also highlighting the healthy work atmosphere the selected organization has cultivated.
Self-Efficacy of Proficient Public Secondary School Teachers in the Philippines, A Sequential Explanatory Study
Authors: Pelingon Keith Frances R. , Contreras Clarisse M. , Moreno Enigo G. , Dayrit Brian D. , Mallari Jomarie B. , Toledano Leo G. , Dominado Noel L.
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to identify the areas where proficient teachers struggle the most and the areas where they feel confident regarding influence in decision-making, instructional, disciplinary, parental involvement, community involvement, and a positive school climate. A mixed-method of sequential explanatory design was utilized, involving 70 secondary high school teachers in the Cluster I Schools Division of Pampanga. The study’s findings demonstrated that teachers are more comfortable and feel more competent and confident in areas like instruction and a positive school climate, where they have more direct control over the conduct and learning of their students. On the other hand, the respondents seemed to be reasonably confident in their ability to influence decisions made within the educational institution. This could be due to several factors, including their experience, relationships with other staff members, or participation in committees that make decisions for the organization. The study highlighted the importance of maintaining collaboration and support among educators, administrators, and the entire school community to foster an environment that values ongoing learning and effective teaching strategies. Lastly, this study emphasized how important teacher self-efficacy is in determining effective teaching practices, especially for experienced teachers. It also emphasized the importance of recognizing and providing targeted support for teachers' strengths to build their confidence and ultimately improve student achievement. The research suggests that schools should give priority to programs that increase teacher self-efficacy through mentorship programs, targeted professional development, and building a supportive school culture. These efforts will ultimately increase instructional effectiveness and improve the teachers’ overall confidence in teaching.
Sustainable Lean Procurement and Contract Management in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Umasekar Vijayakumar
Published: June 2024

Lean methodologies have enabled numerous businesses to enhance their processes, reduce inventory levels, and improve ergonomics. Additionally, lean has allowed organizations to adapt their technologies and keep pace with necessary advancements. However, despite the numerous benefits it offers and the implementation of lean thinking and procurement in the oil and gas industry, companies have frequently encountered challenges related to the timely delivery of materials and services.
This research aimed to understand how the oil and gas industry implements lean procurement practices, investigate the relationship between lean procurement and supply chain performance, and identify the challenges faced by the industry in implementing lean procurement. The study employed a case study approach, focusing on the oil and gas industry's command centre as the target population.
Through stratified random sampling, a sample of 37 leaders from the oil and gas industry was selected, representing 20% of the target population. Secondary data sources included the industry's annual reports and financial summaries, while primary data was collected through questionnaires.
The quantitative data gathered for this research was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics components included percentages, standard deviation, frequency, and mean. Data presentation was facilitated through tables, charts, and diagrams. A narrative framework was utilized to present the results of the content analysis conducted on the qualitative data. Additionally, regression analysis was employed to further understand the relationship between lean procurement and supply chain performance.
The study results demonstrated the existence of a positive and significant correlation between lean procurement and supply chain performance. Furthermore, the study indicated that the oil and gas industry utilized lean procurement strategies such as electronic procurement, 5S, comprehensive quality management, continuous improvement, supplier-firm collaboration, the pull system, and employee involvement and empowerment.
The study's findings suggest that the oil and gas industry should foster relationships with service providers staffed by knowledgeable personnel capable of efficiently implementing lean procurement practices. By doing so, the industry can effectively address the challenges associated with timely material delivery and optimize its supply chain performance.
Arquitetura biofílica em espaços hospitalares: uma análise nos projetos da rede Sarah
Authors: Luz Júnior José Alfredo da , Pagel Érica Coelho , Schroeffer Karla Gonçalves
Published: June 2024

A presença e o contato com elementos da natureza têm sido amplamente defendidos pelo design biofílico, principalmente em Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde (EAS), cujos benefícios de melhoria no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores e no auxílio à recuperação de pacientes, se mostra de grande relevância no planejamento e projeto destes espaços. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar as principais estratégias e benefícios da aplicação do design biofílico em EAS. A metodologia utilizada foi uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) seguida da análise das obras dos Hospitais da Rede Sarah, projetadas pelo arquiteto brasileiro João Filgueiras Lima. Os resultados apontaram que a presença de elementos do design biofílico nos ambientes hospitalares além de trazer efeitos benéficos para os trabalhadores de saúde, trouxe diversos benefícios para os pacientes e ajudaram de maneira substancial a recuperação deles. Ao analisar as obras de João Filgueiras Lima, foram notadas diversas decisões projetuais que se assemelham às características do design biofílico, tais como estratégias para prover o conforto térmico, amplos espaços com solários, jardins e ambientes hospitalares humanizados, características consideradas fundamentais nos cuidados biofílicos e consideradas valiosas do ponto de vista arquitetônico. O reconhecimento nos últimos anos acerca desse tema, principalmente após a pandemia do Coronavírus, mostra a importância dos projetos de ambientes de saúde reestabelecerem o contato com a natureza, que vem se perdendo com o estilo de vida urbano, bem como entender novas maneiras mais ecologicamente conscientes de se construir.
Les conséquences tragiques pour Parménide d'une erreur d'Aristote
Authors: Cordero Nestor-Luis
Published: June 2024

The difficulty of grasping the thought of Parmenides led interpreters already in antiquity to approach his philosophy according to later schemes of thought. This was the case of Aristotle, whose interpretation was inherited by his disciple Theophrastus and by his commentators, especially Simplicius. Simplicius, a Neoplatonist and Aristotelian at the same time, proposed an interpretation, strongly dualistic (dominated by the sensible/intelligible dichotomy), which is not found in the recovered quotations. The origin of this interpretation is an "error" of Aristotle, inherited by Simplicius, who attributed to Parmenides himself the paternity of the "opinions of mortals". In 1795 G.G.Fülleborn, inspired by Simplicius, proposed a division of the Poem into two "parts", unanimously accepted today, and which must be urgently revised and rejected.
Common and distinct drug cue reactivity patterns associated with cocaine and heroin: An fMRI meta-analysis
Authors: Dejoie Jordan M. , Senia Nicole , Konova Anna B. , Smith David V. , Fareri Dominic S.
Published: June 2024

Substance use and substance use disorders represent ongoing major public health crises. Specifically, the use of substances such as cocaine and heroin are responsible for over 50,000 drug-related deaths combined annually. We used a comparative meta-analysis procedure to contrast activation patterns associated with cocaine and heroin cue reactivity, which may reflect substance use risk for these substances. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies with within-subject whole brain analyses comparing drug to neutral cues for users of cocaine and heroin published between 1995 and 2022. A total of 18 studies were included, 9 in each subgroup. Voxel-based meta-analyses were performed using seed-based d mapping with permuted subject images (SDM-PSI) for subgroup mean analyses and a contrast meta-regression comparing the two substances. Results from our mean analysis indicated that users of heroin showed more widespread activation in the nucleus accumbens, right inferior and left middle temporal gyrus, right thalamus, and right cerebellum. Cocaine use was associated with recruitment of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cue reactivity. Direct comparison of cue reactivity studies in heroin relative to cocaine users revealed greater activation in dopaminergic targets for users of heroin compared to users of cocaine. Differential activation patterns between substances may underlie differences in the clinical characteristics observed in users of cocaine and heroin, including seeking emotional blunting in users of heroin. More consistent research methodology is needed to provide adequate studies for stringent meta-analyses examining common and distinct neural activation patterns across substances and moderation by clinically relevant factors.
Beyond Boundaries: A Human-like Approach for Question Answering over Structured and Unstructured Information Sources
Authors: Lehmann Jens , Bhandiwad Dhananjay , Gattogi Preetam , Vahdati Sahar
Published: June 2024

Answering factual questions from heterogenous sources, such as graphs and text, is a key capacity of intelligent systems. Current approaches either (i) perform question answering over text and structured sources as separate pipelines followed by a merge step or (ii) provide an early integration, giving up the strengths of particular information sources. To solve this problem, we present “HumanIQ”, a method that teaches language models to dynamically combine retrieved information by imitating how humans use retrieval tools. Our approach couples a generic method for gathering human demonstrations of tool use with adaptive few-shot learning for tool augmented models. We show that HumanIQ confers significant benefits, including i) reducing the error rate of our strongest baseline (GPT-4) by over 50% across 3 benchmarks, (ii) improving human preference over responses from vanilla GPT-4 (45.3% wins, 46.7% ties, 8.0% loss), and (iii) outperforming numerous task-specific baselines.
Comparison, Fusion, and Bricolage: How to Integrate Islamic Philosophy within Comparative Philosophy
Authors: Albertini Tamara
Published: June 2024

The launching of philosophical pursuits undertaken in an East-West trajectory at the first East-West Philosophers’ Conference in 1939 represents a turning point in philosophy. However, as groundbreaking as this approach was, it left out all philosophical cultures that did not fit the initial framework. Islamic philosophy, being viewed as neither Western nor Eastern (Asian), was thus marginalized from the start. I introduce “Bricolage” – a method emphasizing curiosity, humility, and playfulness – as a more nuanced way of engaging with diverse philosophical traditions. “Bricoleurs” are interculturalists who remain open to the use of different methodologies: they are “flâneurs” walking through diverse philosophical landscapes for sheer intellectual pleasure.
Naturalism Reification and Interpretation: with Reference to Quine’s Position
Authors: Cheng Chung-ying
Published: June 2024

This paper is motivated by a question of naturalized epistemology of W. V. Quine and the question is how a naturalistic account gives rise to theoretical understanding with its realistic ontology. I concentrate on the possibility of the principle of reification by way of interpretation and the point is how we interpret interpretation in a naturalistic account. First, we must distinguish between Quine and Carnap based upon the distinction of interpretation versus reduction. Second, we should take seriously the function of observation and the consequent interpretation with regard to reality and ontological understanding. This article also exams the positions of Descartes, Kant and recent philosophers Gadamer and Davidson. In doing so, some test cases of interpretation analyze in particular the case of “anomalous monism”. Finally, this paper makes effort to focus on quantum mechanics as an object of naturalistic interpretation, although it is itself a naturalistic interpretation of classical physics and relativity based upon observation of new features of reality. In conclusion, the Yijing philosophy of change is cited as a possible, useful and meaningful interpretation of quantum mechanics just as quantum mechanics could be a useful and meaningful interpretation of the Yijing’s onto-cosmology (which theory I had established two decades ago).
Herman Bavinck’s Rejection of Theosis
Authors: Habets Myk
Published: June 2024

Recent attention has turned to Herman Bavinck’s discussion of theosis, with some arguing that he supported such a theology. I will challenge this, arguing instead that he misunderstood the nature of deification and rejected it on false grounds. Bavinck’s objections to theosis will be addressed to show how a Reformed doctrine of theosis can avoid the sorts of dualistic mysticism Bavinck rightly opposed. Bavinck’s criticisms of theosis are brought into dialogue with Thomas F. Torrance’s endorsement of theosis to see why Bavinck could not endorse a doctrine of theosis even if the mysticism he opposed were removed.
Muller’s Compatibilism
Authors: Preciado Michael Patrick
Published: June 2024

The present essay addresses Richard Muller’s most recent comments regarding the Reformed Orthodox in comparison with contemporary compatibilism. Muller’s work is undeniably excellent. However, it suffers from a considerable weakness. That weakness is his lack of interaction with contemporary compatibilism. This causes him to misunderstand its nature and falsely claim that the Reformed Orthodox cannot be labeled as compatibilists. I argue that a more serious analysis of contemporary compatibilism shows that the Reformed Orthodox are correctly labeled as compatibilists. I do so by examining Muller’s main claims as to why the Reformed Orthodox were not compatibilists. In this examination, I argue that he has misunderstood the thesis of compatibilism and confused it with other metaphysical doctrines.
“Children Must not Only be Seen But Heard”
Authors: Kyei-Arthur Frank , Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester
Published: June 2024

This study examined children’s knowledge of child rights, reasons why children’s opinions should be sought or not on matters affecting them, and predictors of children’s knowledge of child rights. A convergent parallel mixed method was used to study children aged 8 to 17. The quantitative data was analysed using spss version 26, while the qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found that 32.7 per cent knew children have rights. Children being able to form their views on matters and children’s views being perceived as essential in decision making emerged as reasons children need to be consulted during decision making, while children having no responsibility emerged as a reason children should not be consulted. Furthermore, children’s socio-demographic characteristics and access to the internet and information and communication technology devices were significant predictors of children knowing about child rights. These factors should be targeted when designing interventions to promote child rights in Ghana.
Are Children and Youth “Right” in Animated Movies?
Authors: Hareket Erdem , Kartal Ayça
Published: June 2024

Animated movies guide children, help them recognise issues and adopt positive behaviours. How do animated movies convey messages about children’s rights and their violations? We conducted an inductive content analysis of 23 animated movies for children to answer this question. The movies were analysed regarding gender balance, self-awareness representations of children’s rights, children’s rights made visible and representations of violations of children’s rights. The results show that the movies focus on relationships and individual development. The movies also convey messages about the right to dream, play, have fun and grow up in a peaceful family environment. On the other hand, the movies convey messages about violating the prohibition of discrimination against the right to gender equality. The movies associate girls with housework and marriage while portraying boys as powerful villains. In addition, the movies contain some messages that violate the right to grow up in a peaceful family environment and be protected from mistreatment, neglect and abuse. The young protagonists in the movies generally do not have families. Those with families generally have only a mother or a father. Children with parents also have negative behaviours, such as substance abuse, violence and making money off of children.
Interparental Conflict and Children’s Inclination to Exercise their Right to be Heard when Parents Separate
Authors: Tveit Olav Bertin , Gustavson Kristin , Helland Maren Sand
Published: June 2024

For children to exercise their right to be heard when parents divorce or separate, they must voice their opinions at a time potentially characterised by significant interparental conflict. This study investigates whether several dimensions of interparental conflict are associated with whether children had expressed their opinions on post-divorce life to their parents and/or friends. Children aged 7-15 (N = 407) and their parents were recruited to the Dynamics of Family Conflict Study (fam-c) from Norwegian family counselling centres. Parents reported on levels of physical and verbal aggression, child involvement, cooperation and resolution of conflicts. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression indicated that verbal aggression was associated with a decreased tendency for children to have expressed their views to their parents. No reliable associations were found with regards to friends. Our results underscore the importance for mediation services to continue to support children in expressing their views.
Ludic Piety and the Limits of Modesty
Authors: Izharuddin Alicia
Published: June 2024

Islamic modesty as a cluster of gendered virtues is typically synonymous with ‘modest’ modes of body-concealing attire and comportment. This article argues, however, that the meaning of ‘modesty’ as currently conceptualised to illuminate the contours of corporeal and sartorial piety is wholly inadequate in its inability to evaluate the more ambivalent expressions of modesty beyond dress as a signal of inner virtue. Although the attention on modest or pious fashion as embraced by women the world over has been as a site for redefining the boundaries of moral and public participation, it does not go far enough in reconfiguring the debates on aesthetics and ethics of ambivalence, ambiguity, and contradiction in Muslim society. Based on a textual reading of the public persona of the Malaysian celebrity entrepreneur Dato Vida and interviews with other Malay-Muslim female entrepreneurs of her contemporary, I posit that the elasticity of modesty relates to a similarly flexible, expansive, and explorative conceptualisation of Islam. Related to this conceptualisation, Dato Vida embodies what I call ludic piety in her presentation and performance of gendered pious excesses within the elastic bounds of modesty.
5. Controversies and Unfinished Business in Hadza Demography and Evolutionary Ecology
Authors: Blurton Jones Nicholas
Published: June 2024

Demographic study of eastern Hadza hunter-gatherers between 1985 and 2000 showed a stable population with relatively normal parameters and a quite high rate of increase. Aspects discussed here are: population models and small remote populations; environmental keys to evolutionary demography of sub-Saharan savanna hunter-gatherers; grandmothers and longevity; men as helpers; whether economic and reproductive interests influence which norms invade, spread, and endure.
10. The Role of Ontogeny in Understanding Human Demographic Behaviour
Authors: Sheppard Paula , Coall David A.
Published: June 2024

Ontogeny, the development of an organism from conception to maturity, is one of Tinbergen’s two proximate explanations for understanding why we do the things we do. As well as genetic inheritance, the developmental environment, which parents make a large contribution to, is crucial for shaping a child’s life. It shapes not only their physical and psychological development but also influences the adult child’s reproductive strategy and ultimately their life expectancy. Demographers care about fertility and mortality which, when understood within an evolutionary framework, are two entwined processes that influence, and are in turn influenced by, the individual’s developmental trajectory. Here, we provide a summary of how development operates throughout life; from the womb, through childhood, adolescence and puberty, the reproductive years through to menopause and death. We take a life-history approach with a focus on how developmental influences during early life have long-reaching consequences for mortality and fertility. We illustrate each section with theoretical advances, empirical examples, and evaluation of the current literature. We hope to demonstrate that thinking about human demographic behavior in light of ontogeny can be revealing and provide a useful theoretical basis for demographic research.
16. Ageing in the Wild, Residual Demography and Discovery of a Stationary Population Equality
Authors: Carey James R.
Published: June 2024

In the late 1990s while exploring methods for estimating population age structure using the post-capture longevity of fruit flies sampled from the wild (referred to as residual demography) I discovered an identity in which the fraction of individuals x days old in a stationary population equals the fraction that die x days later. I co-authored a paper containing this identity in 2004 as part of a larger publication with my biodemography colleagues where we extended the concept for practical application. In 2009 demographer James Vaupel published a proof of this identity and referred to it using the eponym Carey’s Equality. The Vaupel paper was then followed six years later (2015) by a surprise—the identity had been published in French 30 years earlier in the gray literature by demographer Nicolas Brouard. Remarkably the identity had never been cited in either the searchable (journal) literature or in any of the mainstream demography texts, treatises, encyclopedias or reference books. Here I tell the story of how I discovered this identity, why it is important, implications for human demography, and lessons learned along the way.
Photovoltaic MPPT control and improvement strategies considering environmental factors: based on PID-type sliding mode control and improved grey wolf optimization
Authors: Liu Leijia
Published: June 2024

Given the importance of promoting a greener and more sustainable future, it is crucial to promptly tackle and improve the issues surrounding carbon emissions and inefficiency linked to traditional energy sources. This study presents a new optimization method for PV systems. It combines an IGWO Algorithm with PID-type SMC to enhance the effectiveness of MPPT. Using IGWO, the optimal MPP voltage is determined even in the face of changing environmental conditions. Afterwards, the PID-type SMC adjusts the actual output voltage of the Boost based on the expected voltage to generate the required duty cycle. The integrated approach considers the natural fluctuations in PV systems, where changes in the environment can greatly affect the maximum power point. An in-depth evaluation was conducted using simulation software based on MATLAB, and a practical testing platform was built accordingly. The simulation and experimental results in real-world scenarios show that the new MPPT strategy has excellent overall performance and can quickly determine and track the voltage value for MPP compared to established algorithms. This study lays the groundwork for applying IGWO and new SMC control theories in the field of renewable energy generation. It also contributes to the development of MPPT technology, considering the challenges posed by the controlled environment.
The Difference Between Expert Dancers’ and Non-Dancers Tapping Timing With and Without an Auditory Stimulus at a Slow Tempo
Authors: Nam Soo Mi , Park Ji-Won , Ko Ji-Hyun , Kim Min Joo
Published: June 2024

Our primary purpose in this study was to determine whether trained dancers differed from untrained non-dancers in their ability to accurately control motor timing during finger and heel tapping tasks, both with and without slow isochronous auditory stimuli. Dancers and non-dancers were instructed to synchronize their taps with isochronous auditory stimuli under three conditions: 30, 40, and 50 BPM. After the synchronization phase, participants were asked to continue tapping without the auditory sequences. On the synchronization task, the tapping onset of both groups lagged behind the stimulus onset in all tempo conditions. In all conditions, dancers showed more accurate and stable beat synchronization and continuation than non-dancers. As the tempo condition slowed down (from 50 to 30 BPM), synchronization accuracy decreased while synchronization and continuation variability increased. Unlike for novices, dancers showed no difference between the finger and heel tapping synchronization tasks. During the continuous tasks, their timing accuracy was higher for heel than for finger tapping. Collectively, these findings suggest that dance training, which involves synchronizing bodily movements based on rhythm, may lead to an accumulation of experience that enhances specific sensorimotor skills related to synchronizing movements with external stimuli or continuing rhythmic movements temporally.
Silicone implant and fibrous capsule assessment based on water-fat-silicone chemical shift encoding-based species separation in breast MRI
Authors: Borde Tabea , Stelter Jonathan , Wiedemann Antonia , Böhm Christof , Ruschke Stefan , Komenda Alexander , Weiss Kilian , Wu Mingming , Makowski Marcus R , Karampinos Dimitrios C , Fallenberg Eva M
Published: June 2024

Background

With rising breast augmentations worldwide, there is an increasing clinical need for an early and accurate detection of implant complications.

Purpose

To compare the quality of chemical shift encoding-based (CSE) water-fat-silicone separation compared to double inversion recovery (DIR) silicone-only imaging in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods

This retrospective, single-center study included women with silicone implants subjected to 3-T MRI between January 2021 and March 2022. MRI included (i) two-dimensional silicone-only T2-weighted turbo spin echo DIR acquisition and (ii) three-dimensional CSE imaging based on multi-echo gradient-echo sequence enabling water-, fat-, and silicone-image separation. Images were evaluated and compared by three independent radiologists using a clinically established rating including differentiability of the silicone implant, visibility and contouring of the adjacent fibrous capsule, and accuracy of intralesional folds in a ranking of 1–5. The apparent contrast-to-noise (aCNR) was calculated.

Results

In 71 women, the average quality of water-fat-silicone images from CSE imaging was assessed as “good” (assessment 4 ± 0.9). In 68 (96%) patients, CSE imaging achieved a concise delineation of the silicone implant and precise visualization of the fibrous capsule that was not distinguishable in DIR imaging. Implant ruptures were more easily detected in CSE imaging. The aCNR was higher in CSE compared to DIR imaging (18.43 ± 9.8 vs. 14.73 ± 2.5; P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Intrinsically co-registered water-fat-silicone-separated CSE-based images enable a reliable assessment of silicone implants. The simultaneously improved differentiability of the implant and fibrous capsule may provide clinicians with a valuable tool for an accurate evaluation of implant integrity and early detection of potential complications.
Acute pancreatitis and computed tomography: Interest of portal venous phase alone in the initial phase
Authors: Ansel-Wallois Wilfried , Assako Parfait , Yzet Thierry , Bouzerar Roger
Published: June 2024

Background

There are no guidelines in the literature for the use of a computed tomography (CT) protocol in the initial phase of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Purpose

To evaluate the contribution of single portal venous phase CT compared to triple-phase CT protocol, performed in the initial phase of AP for severity assessment.

Material and Methods

In this retrospective study, a total of 175 patients with acute pancreatitis who underwent initial triple-phase CT protocol (non-contrast, arterial phase, and portal venous phase) between D3 and D7 after the onset of symptoms were included. Analysis of AP severity and complications was independently assessed by two readers using three validated CT severity scores (CTSI, mCTSI, EPIC). All scores were applied to the triple-phase CT protocol and compared to the single portal venous phase. Inter-observer analyses were also performed.

Results

No significant difference whatever the severity score was observed after analysis of the single portal venous phase compared with the triple-phase CT protocol (interstitial edematous pancreatitis: CTSI: 2 vs. 2, mCTSI: 2 vs. 2, EPIC: 1 vs. 1; necrotizing pancreatitis: CTSI: 6 vs. 6, mCTSI: 8 vs. 8, EPIC: 5 vs. 5). Inter-observer agreement was excellent (ICC = 0.96–0.99), whatever the severity score.

Conclusion

A triple-phase CT protocol performed at the initial phase of AP was no better than a single portal venous for assessing the severity of complications and could lead to a 63% reduction in irradiation.
Does Permanency Matter by Controlling Corporate Governance? Evidence from Emerging Economies
Authors: Aksar Muhammad , Hassan Shoaib , Arshad Javed , Janjua Iftikhar Ali
Published: June 2024

Prior studies captured the influence of managerial behaviour in terms of their efficiencies and abilities on firm performance. However, the impact of managerial performance permanency on firm performance is still a grey area. This study aims to compare the influence of managerial behaviour and its permanency on firm performance by controlling the effect of corporate governance. The data envelopment analysis has been used to capture the managerial behaviour, which considers the data for 11 years from 2009 to 2019. The data were gathered from 492 firms listed on the stock exchanges of Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. The influence of managerial behaviour and comparison between permanent and temporary organizational behaviour on firm performance has been tested using the generalized method of moments. The results showed that permanency in managerial behaviour has a more positive impact on firm performance than short-term managerial behaviour. The study’s outcome is helpful for the board of directors and policymakers to maintain stability in managerial behaviour in terms of their efficiencies to improve firm performance.
Healthcare provider data breaches – framework for crisis communication and support of patients and healthcare workers in mental healthcare
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Maguire Paul A , Kisely Steve , Looi Richard CH
Published: June 2024

Increasing numbers of healthcare data breaches highlight the need for structured organisational responses to protect patients, trainees and psychiatrists against identity theft and blackmail. Evidence-based guidance that is informed by the COVID-19 pandemic response includes: timely and reliable information tailored to users’ safety, encouragement to take protective action, and access to practical and psychological support. For healthcare organisations which have suffered a data breach, insurance essentially improves access to funded cyber security responses, risk communication and public relations. Patients, trainees and psychiatrists need specific advice on protective measures. Healthcare data security legislative reform is urgently needed.
Multi-Subunit Repair With the Nasolabial Burow’s Advancement Flap
Authors: Salmon Paul J. M. , Aronson Adam , Mortimer Neil J.
Published: June 2024

Aim:

We will describe the use of nasolabial Burow’s advancement flaps (perialar crescentic advancements) to repair multi subunit defects of the nasal sidewall including the adjacent cheek, dorsum, tip, and ala without the need of additional flaps.

Methods:

This retrospective single centre study analyzed 6 month postoperative photographs using the Manchester Scar scale. The operative technique is described in detail.

Results:

Of 355 cases, 336 were available for analysis. The median Manchester Scar scale was 7 for both sidewall defects and multi-subunit defects. There were low rates of infection or necrosis.

Conclusions:

With the correct technique, the nasolabial Burow’s advancement alone is suitable to repair even large multi-subunit defects involving the nasal sidewall, cheek, dorsum, tip, and ala with high-level aesthetic and functional results.
Subtypes and location of (juxta)cortical lesions relate to cognitive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Krijnen Eva A , Kouwenhoven Rose-Marie , Noteboom Samantha , Barkhof Frederik , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Klawiter Eric C , Steenwijk Martijn D , Schoonheim Menno M , Koubiyr Ismail
Published: June 2024

Background:

Cortical lesion subtypes’ occurrence and distribution across networks may shed light on cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

In 332 people with MS, lesions were classified as intracortical, leukocortical or juxtacortical based on artificially generated double inversion-recovery images.

Results:

CI-related leukocortical lesion count increases were greatest within sensorimotor and cognitive networks ( p < 0.001). Only intracortical lesion count could distinguish between cognitive groups ( p = 0.024). Effect sizes were two- to four-fold larger than differences between MS phenotypes.

Conclusion:

In CI-MS, leukocortical lesions predominate, whereas intracortical lesions distinguish cognitive groups. Lesions’ grey matter (GM) involvement might be decisive for cognition in MS, surpassing overall disease burden.
Visualizing congestion at large-scale events with an interactive-view system incorporating proximity-based networks
Authors: Morikoshi Sayaka , Onishi Masaki , Itoh Takayuki
Published: June 2024

Contact with infected individuals can lead to the spread of infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were strongly urged to avoid the three Cs: closed spaces, crowded places, and close-contact settings. To hold large-scale events under such circumstances, reducing crowd congestion is key to preventing the further spread of infection. Therefore, identifying the pedestrian behaviors and walking patterns that pose a high risk of infection and utilizing them for effective crowd control is necessary. In this study, we propose an approach for visualizing walking paths while maintaining visibility from large-scale human flow data and representing both spatial and temporal features. The proposed method enables the visualization of the pedestrian proximity status as a network containing three components: a proximity network, proximity path, and pedestrian statistics that interact with each other. By operating the three components of this system interactively, we can observe the spatial and temporal features of situations with a high risk of infection during crowd congestion. An example of the operation of this system is presented by visualizing real-world human flow data measured at an event venue and identifying the proximity of the pedestrians.
Seizing the Digital Divide: How Telemedicine Connects the Dots in Epilepsy Care Equity
Authors: Zawar Ifrah
Published: June 2024

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