bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Evolution of Silica Gel and Silsesquioxane Using Thermal Curing
Authors: Hu Nan , Rao YuanQiao , Sun Shengtong , Hou Lei , Wu Peiyi , Fan Shaojuan , Ye Bangjiao
Published: June 2016

The curing of coatings of two types of siloxane containing materials, silica gel and silsesquioxane, at a modest temperature (<280℃) was studied with in situ heating Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in combination with perturbation correlation moving window (PCMW) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analyses. The result revealed detailed structural evolution of these two different gels. When the silica gel was heated, (Si–O)6 rings appeared from the random Si–O–Si network formed after sol gel reaction, followed by condensation of silanol groups. Upon further heating, the existing (Si–O)4 rings were broken down and converted into (Si–O)6 structures, and finally isolated silanols appeared. The transition from (Si–O)4 rings to (Si–O)6 rings was observed by IR and further confirmed with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). In comparison, during the curing of hybrid silsesquioxane, the condensation of silanols happens immediately upon heating without the rearrangement of Si–O–Si network. Afterwards, the fraction of (Si–O)6 ring structure increased. (Si–O)4 structures exhibited higher stability in hybrid silsesquioxanes. In addition, the amount of silanols in silsesquioxane continued to reduce without the generation of isolated silanol in the end. The different curing behavior of silsesquioxanes from silica gel originates from the organic groups in silsesquioxanes, which lowers the cross-linking density and reduces the rigidity of siloxane network.
Examining Construct Congruence for Psychometric Tests: A Note on an Extension to Binary Items and Nesting Effects
Authors: Raykov Tenko , Marcoulides George A. , Dimitrov Dimiter M. , Li Tatyana
Published: June 2016

This article extends the procedure outlined in the article by Raykov, Marcoulides, and Tong for testing congruence of latent constructs to the setting of binary items and clustering effects. In this widely used setting in contemporary educational and psychological research, the method can be used to examine if two or more homogeneous multicomponent instruments with distinct components measure the same construct. The approach is useful in scale construction and development research as well as in construct validation investigations. The discussed method is illustrated with data from a scholastic aptitude assessment study.
PI-PD, an Extension of Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control
Authors: Atherton Derek
Published: June 2016

My previous article on ‘Setting the parameters of proportional–integral–derivative controllers’ looked at the initial work of Ziegler and Nichols and how their concepts have developed into today’s proportional–integral–derivative controllers in the process industries. Here, I look further into the increased control possibilities the controller provides when used in the slightly modified form of a proportional–integral controller with proportional–derivative feedback.
Developing a Deeper Understanding of Community-Based Pedagogies With Teachers
Authors: Sharkey Judy , Clavijo Olarte Amparo , Ramírez Luz Maribel
Published: June 2016

Here we share findings from a 9-month qualitative case study involving a school–university professional development inquiry into how teachers develop, implement, and interpret community-based pedagogies (CBPs), an asset-based approach to curriculum that acknowledges mandated standards but begins with recognizing and valuing local knowledge. After describing the structure and activities of the professional development project, we focus on the work and perspectives of four teachers at one public school in Bogotá. The challenges identified were outweighed by the benefits, including increased student engagement, motivation, family–school involvement, and an appreciation of local knowledge as curriculum resource. In addition to generating rich curriculum exemplars in chemistry, social studies, and language arts, the teachers’ interpretations and enactments of CBPs indicate that CBPs are flexible enough to allow multiple entry points, teacher autonomy, and ownership, and share enough commonalities with other pedagogical approaches to allow different learning trajectories for teachers and students.
New approach for modeling the quality of the bagging date using desirability functions
Authors: Guedri W , Jaouadi M , Msahli S
Published: June 2016

The date palm, especially the variety Deglet Nour, produces some dates of high quality. The crop is increasingly attacked by insects while ripening on the palm and damaged by autumnal rains. Various forms of covers have been tried commercially. In this study we considered common materials used worldwide and tested under laboratory conditions. These products require the satisfaction of several properties at the same time. On this basis, the product’s requirements can be identified and converted into a physical element, that is, quality index “QI”, which measures the overall satisfaction of the bagging product. Its value ranges from 0 to l. Hence, “QI” can be used to detect the lack of effectiveness of one of the properties, and thus it should serve as an important measure in quality assurance. It includes the following eight parameters with their ranges: overall migration of toxicological specific substances; solar absorption coefficient; air permeability; resistance to water penetration; breaking load; tear strength; thickness; and weight.

The results show that the highest quality index reached is 0.5. It is concluded that the “QI” can evaluate and classify the existing date bunch bags and it can effectively identify the property that should be improved.
An investigation of some parameter effects on the internal flow characteristics in the main nozzle
Authors: Jin Yuzhen , Cui Jingyu , Zhu Linhang , Lin Peifeng , Hu Xudong
Published: June 2016

The air-jet loom is widely used in the textile industry and the main nozzle is one of its key components. In this paper, the influence of some parameters, including the input air pressure and the structure of nozzle core and its internal diameter, on the internal flow field of the main nozzle is analyzed. Then the optimized structure of the main nozzle is proposed from the perspective of fluid dynamics. In the present simulations, the realizable [Formula: see text] model is applied to model the internal flow field of the main nozzle. The results show that the velocity in the annular throat reaches supersonic. Moreover, the pressure at the end of the nozzle core is the lowest in the main nozzle. It is also shown that the input air pressure has little effect on the axis velocity in Zone B, but on the other hand, has a great influence on the near-wall velocity field and the axis velocity in Zone C. In addition, an optimized structure of the nozzle core is proposed in this paper. It is found that with the proposed structure, the velocity boundary layer near the wall of Zone B in the accelerating tube can be well improved, and rapid diffusion of airflow in this area can be avoided. These help increase the moving speed of the weft yarn. Last but not least, we also show that decreasing of the internal diameter of the nozzle core improves the axis velocity of the weft accelerating tube. However, it brings a stronger turbulence at the same time.
Micromechanics of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Moyo Doice , Anandjiwala Rajesh D , Patnaik Asis
Published: June 2016

The mechanics of nonwoven fabrics is largely dependent on fiber properties, and other physical factors such as structural arrangement and degree of entanglement of the fibers. In this study, modeled and experimental stress–strain behaviors of uniaxially loaded hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics have been analyzed and compared. The theoretical values from the model were deduced from the measured properties of micro-samples, namely, fiber volume faction, orientation distribution and mechanical properties. Testing of the micro-samples was performed on a Deben Microtest Module fitted in the FEI Quanta 200 Scanning Electron Microscope. The experimental stress–strain results show that the structure is in the linear region when the modeled results approach the highest specific stress. Also, the theoretical models highly overestimate the specific stress of the hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics. The results show that the application of the model was limited in predicting tensile stress. Furthermore, a trapezoid method was used to quantify the actual deformation energy from the stress–strain graphs up to the ultimate tensile strength. The theoretical deformation energy was estimated and compared to the experimental values. The model was subsequently modified to improve its predictive capability.
Prediction of creep behavior of laminated woven fabric with adhesive interlining under low stress in the bias direction
Authors: Takatera Masayuki , Ishizawa Ken , Kim KyoungOk
Published: June 2016

The effect of adhesive interlining on the creep behavior of a woven fabric in the bias direction was investigated. Three-element viscoelastic models were used to approximate the creep behavior of a face fabric and adhesive interlining. The creep model of a laminated fabric comprised a six-element model in which two three-element models are connected in parallel with the three-element model. Creep tests were carried out using face fabrics, adhesive interlinings, and their laminated fabrics without and with bonding adhesive interlining by hanging samples in the 45° bias direction under their own weight for 7 days. Creep strains of face fabrics bonded with adhesive interlining were found to be weaker than those of the face fabrics. The creep behavior for the face and interlining fabrics could be approximated using the three-element viscoelastic model with appropriate parameters. The experimental creep behavior of a laminated fabric without bonding was similar to the theoretical behavior. However, the experimental creep of laminated fabrics with bonding interlining was less than the calculated creep, owing to the increase in stiffness due to the adhesive. By revising the six-element model with the strains just after hanging and for 2 days, it was possible to predict the creep strain over 7 days.
Multi-layer pattern creation for seamless front female body armor panel using angle-interlock woven fabrics
Authors: Yang D , Chen X
Published: June 2016

Angle-interlock woven fabric offers an option for making female body armor as it can form integrally the required dome shapes because of its extraordinary moldability and satisfactory ballistic performance. A mathematical model is created to determine the pattern geometry for the front panel of female body armor, and the front panel can be quickly created using this mathematical model. However, the body armor is multi-layer, which indicates that the relationship between the thickness of the fabric and the pattern block projection for different layers of fabric needs to be investigated, in order to create the whole panel, to improve this novel approach for making seamless female body armor with satisfactory ballistic performance.
What Lies Beneath? Minority Group Members’ Suspicion of Whites’ Egalitarian Motivation Predicts Responses to Whites’ Smiles
Authors: Kunstman Jonathan W. , Tuscherer Taylor , Trawalter Sophie , Lloyd E. Paige
Published: June 2016

Antiprejudice norms and attempts to conceal racial bias have made Whites’ positive treatment of racial minorities attributionally ambiguous. Although some minorities believe Whites’ positivity is genuine, others are suspicious of Whites’ motives and believe their kindness is primarily motivated by desires to avoid appearing prejudiced. For those suspicious of Whites’ motives, Whites’ smiles may paradoxically function as threat cues. To the extent that Whites’ smiles cue threat among suspicious minorities, we hypothesized that suspicious minorities would explicitly perceive Whites’ smiles as threatening (Study 1), automatically orient to smiling White—as opposed to smiling Black—targets (Study 2), and accurately discriminate between Whites’ real and fake smiles (Study 3). These results provide convergent evidence that cues typically associated with acceptance and affiliation ironically function as threat cues among suspicious racial minorities.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Morality
Authors: Wheeler Melissa A. , Laham Simon M.
Published: June 2016

Morality is inherently social, yet much extant work in moral psychology ignores the central role of social processes in moral phenomena. To partly address this, this article examined the content of persuasive moral communication—the way people justify their moral attitudes in persuasive contexts. Across two studies, we explored variation in justification content (deontological, consequentialist, or emotive) as a function of moral foundations. Using justification selection techniques (Study 1) and open-ended justification production (Study 2), results demonstrate a preference (a) for deontological appeals in justifications for the sanctity foundation, (b) for consequentialist appeals for the individualizing foundations (care and fairness), and (c) for emotive appeals in justifications for the binding foundations (loyalty, authority and sanctity). The present research questions the generality of inferences about the primacy of emotions/intuition in moral psychology research and highlights the important role of reasons in persuasive moral communication.
Seeing People, Seeing Things
Authors: McIntyre Miranda M. , Graziano William G.
Published: June 2016

Individuals differ in how they deploy attention to their physical and social environments. These differences have been recognized in various forms as orientations, interests, and preferences, but empirical work examining these differences at a cognitive level is scarce. To address this gap, we conducted two studies to explore the links among attentional processes and interests in people and things. The first study measured selective visual attention toward person- and thing-related image content. In the second study, participants were randomly assigned to describe visually presented scenes using either an observational or narrative story format. Linguistic analyses were conducted to assess attentional bias toward interest-congruent content. Outcomes from both studies suggest that attention and motivational processes are linked to differential interests in physical and social environments.
The Ray Rice Domestic Violence Case
Authors: Christensen M. Candace , Gill Emmett , Pérez Alfred
Published: June 2016

This case study used concepts associated with Black masculinity to critically analyze newspaper depictions of the Ray Rice Domestic Violence Case (RRDVC). The pattern matching and content analysis revealed the following themes: colorblindness, binary depictions, and commodification. This article used the RRDVC to establish a persistent pattern of public discourse that situates Black male athletes accused of committing crimes within a series of controlling images depicted by the media that serve to maintain White supremacist patriarchal understandings of Black masculinity. The results of the analysis reveal how hegemonic depictions of Ray Rice serve the White supremacist patriarchy in maintaining the containment and commodification of Black men and perpetuate the acceptability of violence against Black women.
Patient-Centered Participatory Research in Three Health Clinics
Authors: Fava Nicole M. , Munro-Kramer Michelle L. , Felicetti Irene L. , Darling-Fisher Cynthia S. , Pardee Michelle , Helman Abigail , Trucco Elisa M. , Martyn Kristy K.
Published: June 2016

Research informed by individuals’ lived experiences is a critical component of participatory research and nursing interventions for health promotion. Yet, few examples of participatory research in primary care settings with adolescents and young adults exist, especially with respect to their sexual health and health-risk behaviors. Therefore, we implemented a validated patient-centered clinical assessment tool to improve the quality of communication between youth patients and providers, sexual risk assessment, and youths’ health-risk perception to promote sexual health and reduce health-risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in three community health clinic settings, consistent with national recommendations as best practices in adolescent health care. We describe guiding principles, benefits, challenges, and lessons learned from our experience. Improving clinical translation of participatory research requires consideration of the needs and desires of key stakeholders (e.g., providers, patients, and researchers) while retaining flexibility to successfully navigate imperfect, real-world conditions.
Cloud computing adoption model for e-government implementation
Authors: Mohammed Fathey , Ibrahim Othman , Nilashi Mehrbakhsh , Alzurqa Ensaf
Published: June 2016

Cloud computing essentially is a scalable, flexible and pay-per-use model for the way IT services are delivered. It can significantly improve the way a government functions, the services it provides to its citizens and institutions. This paper aims to explore the factors that influence adopting cloud computing as a part of public sector organizations’ alternatives to implement e-government services. Based on two dominant theories in the field of adoption of new technology, the Fit-Viability Model and Diffusion of Innovation Theory, a model is proposed. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire with a sample of 296 IT staff employed in public organizations in Yemen. The results clarify the need to consider factors affecting two dimensions, fit and viability, to make a decision to adopt cloud computing in an e-government context. The fitness of cloud computing to e-government tasks is affected by factors such as relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and security, but is not affected by the complexity of the technology. On the other hand, the viability is influenced by economic factors (return on investment and asset specificity) and technological readiness (IT infrastructure and IT policy and regulations), while the results do not support the relation between the organizational factors such as top management support and cloud knowledge and viability.
Proteomic differences in brain vessels of Alzheimer’s disease mice: Normalization by PPARγ agonist pioglitazone
Authors: Badhwar AmanPreet , Brown Rebecca , Stanimirovic Danica B , Haqqani Arsalan S , Hamel Edith
Published: June 2016

Cerebrovascular insufficiency appears years prior to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. The soluble, highly toxic amyloid-β species, generated from the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, are known instigators of the chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency observed in both Alzheimer’s disease patients and transgenic mouse models. We have previously demonstrated that pioglitazone potently reverses cerebrovascular impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease overexpressing amyloid-β. In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of amyloid-β overproduction on the cerebrovascular proteome; determine how pioglitazone treatment affected the altered proteome; and analyze the relationship between normalized protein levels and recovery of cerebrovascular function. Three-month-old wildtype and amyloid precursor protein mice were treated with pioglitazone- (20 mg/kg/day, 14 weeks) or control-diet. Cerebral arteries were surgically isolated, and extracted proteins analyzed by gel-free and gel-based mass spectrometry. 193 cerebrovascular proteins were abnormally expressed in amyloid precursor protein mice. Pioglitazone treatment rescued a third of these proteins, mainly those associated with oxidative stress, promotion of cerebrovascular vasocontractile tone, and vascular compliance. Our results demonstrate that amyloid-β overproduction perturbs the cerebrovascular proteome. Recovery of cerebrovascular function with pioglitazone is associated with normalized levels of key proteins in brain vessel function, suggesting that pioglitazone-responsive cerebrovascular proteins could be early biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease.
The struggle for a radical Black political culture: an interview with A. Sivanandan
Authors: Owusu Kwesi
Published: June 2016

A longer version of this interview with A. Sivanandan by Kwesi Owusu was carried out in March 1998 for a reader on British Black Culture. The interviewee, a leading analyst on black politics, discusses: what in his Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) background had formed his outlook; why he came to the UK and what he found in 1958; the transformation of the establishment organisation the Institute of Race Relations, where he worked as librarian, in the context of 1960s’ liberatory politics; how Black became a political colour and how that broke down; his take on Enoch Powell; his view on Black culture and how it differed from that of people like cultural studies theorist Stuart Hall; the way forward for struggle under the then new prime minister Tony Blair.
The case for self-defence
Authors: Sivanandan A. , Bourne Jenny
Published: June 2016

In this polemic, originally published in the magazine CARF in March 1979, the authors show through a number of cases, how the police are failing to protect black people from racist attacks and then how the criminal justice system compounds this failure by penalising those who are forced to defend themselves, and then ruling out of court the whole issue of racial provocation. Why, ask the authors, should other liberal freedoms take precedence over the freedom to life?
Butler’s colour-bar bill mocks Commonwealth
Authors: Jones Claudia
Published: June 2016

This article reproduces a front-page opinion piece in the West Indian Gazette, Vol. 4, no. 11, November 1961, by its editor. In it she explains why the proposed controls on Commonwealth immigration under Conservative Home Secretary Rab Butler (the first immigration act, passed in 1962) are discriminatory: a colour bar or form of apartheid. The bill has to be opposed because it will open the door to other forms of discrimination. The piece is prescient in that the bill proved to be a watershed, setting future British governments on a course of increasingly draconian immigration legislation and thereby embedding a pattern of state racism which, over half a century later, is still targeting migrants. The bill is, the author claims, a tactic to divert attention from the real issues of the day – living standards, wage freeze, credit squeeze and the threat of nuclear war. It makes a mockery of the idea of a multiracial Commonwealth and the way in which Commonwealth workers have helped to build up crucial areas of the economy.
The Greatest Externality Story (N)ever Told
Authors: McClure James , Watts Tyler
Published: June 2016

This article critiques current undergraduate economics textbooks’ treatment of externalities. Despite a tremendous scholarly pushback since 1920 to Pigou’s path-breaking writings, modern textbook authors fail to synthesize important critiques and extensions of externality theory and policy. The typical textbook treatment (a) does not distinguish pecuniary from technological externalities, (b) is silent about the invisible hand’s unintended and emergent consequences as a positive externality, (c) emphasizes negative relative to positive externalities, (d) ignores Coase’s critique of Pigouvian tax “solutions,” and (e) presents policy “solutions” to negative externalities that ignore inframarginal external benefits that may render “solutions” harmful to social welfare. Aside from attention to “The Coase Theorem” (excerpted from only about four pages of Coase’s voluminous writings), the typical textbook today discusses little of the scholarly critique that emerged in response to Pigou’s anti-market polemic. Imparting economics students with Pigouvian biases is potentially harmful to both them and society because it leaves them ill-prepared to critically assess policy proposals that are alleged to solve externality problems.
Evolving Nature of School Psychology in Alberta
Authors: Johnson R. Coranne , Zwiers Michael L.
Published: June 2016

Over the past 15 years, the practice of school psychology in the province of Alberta reflects the entrenchment of assessment with the emerging possibility of a broader service provider role. This article articulates the influence that politics and government has had on the role of school psychologists in Alberta schools as special education funding frameworks have evolved. The authors describe the present training and roles of Alberta school psychologists and outline the work that has been undertaken in that province to advocate for a role in key government initiatives of Response to Intervention (RTI) and Inclusive Education.
Should Immune‐Enhancing Formulations Be Used for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Authors: Roosevelt Hannah
Published: June 2016

The potential for regulating immune function in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through enteral‐administered anti‐inflammatory lipids has generated much interest over the past 20 years. Yet recommendations remain inconclusive regarding the utilization of ω‐3 fatty acids in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI). Studies are limited in number, with differing methods, small sample sizes, and conflicting results, making recommendations difficult to interpret.
Modeling of equal channel forward extrusion force using response surface approach
Authors: Nazari Tiji SA , Asgari A , Gholipour H , Djavanroodi F
Published: June 2016

Equal channel forward extrusion is a new severe plastic deformation method that has been developed in recent years. This study investigates the effect of significant parameters on the equal channel forward extrusion pressing force. First, the process was modeled by finite element method and has been validated using experimental results. Next, response surface method and analysis of variance were applied to investigate the influences of equal channel forward extrusion parameters such as friction coefficient magnitude, length-to-width ratio and main deformation zone height on the pressing force. Finally, a new formula is presented for prediction of equal channel forward extrusion pressing force using statistical modeling.
Numerical analysis of heat flow in oxy-ethylene flame cutting of steel plate
Authors: Bae Kang-Yul , Yang Young-Soo , Yi Myung-Su , Park Chang-Woo
Published: June 2016

To manufacture a steel structure, in the first step, raw steel plate needs to be cut into proper sizes. Oxy-fuel flame is widely used in the cutting process due to its flexibility with respect to accessibility, plate thickness, cost, and material handling. However, the deformation caused by the cutting process frequently becomes a severe problem for the next process in the production of steel product. To decrease the deformation, the thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of the steel plate in the cutting process should be analyzed in advance. In this study, heat sources in oxy-ethylene flame cutting of steel plate were modeled first, and the heat flow in the steel plate was then analyzed by the models of the heat sources using a numerical simulation based on the finite element method. To verify the analysis by the numerical simulation including the models, a series of experiments were performed, and the temperature histories at several points on the steel plate during the cutting process were measured. Moreover, the predicted sizes of the heat-affected zone by the numerical simulations according to the variation in the cutting parameters were compared to the experimental results. The power functions of the relationship between the sizes of the heat-affected zone and cutting parameters were obtained by the recursion analysis using the correlation between the results and parameters. The results of the numerical simulation showed good agreement with those of the experiments, indicating that the proposed models of the heat sources and thermal analysis were feasible to analyze the heat flow in the steel plate during the cutting process.
Herbivore diets and the anthropogenic environment of early farming in southern Scandinavia
Authors: Gron Kurt J , Rowley-Conwy Peter
Published: June 2016

Farming practice in the first period of the southern Scandinavian Neolithic (Early Neolithic I, Funnel Beaker Culture, 3950–3500 cal. BC) is not well understood. Despite the presence of the first farmers and their domesticated plants and animals, little evidence of profound changes to the landscape such as widespread deforestation has emerged from this crucial early period. Bone collagen dietary stable isotope ratios of wild herbivores from southern Scandinavia are here analysed in order to determine the expected range of dietary variation across the landscape. Coupled with previously published isotope data, differences in dietary variation between wild and domestic species indicate strong human influence on the choice and creation of feeding environments for cattle. In context with palynological and zooarchaeological data, we demonstrate that a human-built agricultural environment was present from the outset of farming in the region, and such a pattern is consistent with the process by which expansion agriculture moves into previously unfarmed regions.
Comparison of different scores as predictors of mechanical ventilation in drug overdose patients
Authors: El-Sarnagawy Ghada N , Hafez Amal SAF
Published: June 2016

The decision of intubation and mechanical ventilation in poisoned patients with impaired consciousness can be a difficult task. The present study aimed to evaluate the power of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II), rapid acute physiology score (RAPS) and rapid emergency medicine score (REMS) at admission in predicting the need of intubation and mechanical ventilation in drug overdose patients with disturbed consciousness level (DCL). This prospective observational study was conducted on 104 poisoned patients who were admitted to Tanta Toxicological Unit with a DCL. Four scoring systems (GCS, APACHE II, RAPS and REMS) were recorded for all patients on admission. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Twenty-four cases required mechanical ventilation. The mechanically ventilated patients had significantly lower value of GCS and higher values of APACHE II, REMS and RAPS than other group ( p < 0.001). Although the APACHE II score has the best AUC value (0.796) in predicting mechanical ventilation, there was no statistically significant difference between the four scores. GCS > 8 had 100% negative predictive value, while REMS > 8 had 100% positive predictive value.
The British Publishing Industry and Commercial Memories of the First World War
Authors: Isherwood Ian
Published: June 2016

British veterans of the First World War were avid writers. From The First Hundred Thousand to The Last Tommy, Britain’s soldiers and aid workers left behind a vast literature of wartime memories. Veteran recollections have been a significant part of the formation of British popular memory of the conflict, as well as part of the ‘cultural turn’ in First World War studies since the 1980s. The war’s literary legacy, it has been argued, has helped to frame the public narrative of the conflict. What has attracted less attention has been the British publishing industry’s role in the dissemination of war memories to the public when those memories were most acute, the interwar period. This article considers the British publishing industry and commercial war memoirs. It assesses the literary marketplace for martial literature and the commercial memory of the First World War in the interwar period.
Marksmanship, Officer–Man Relations, and the Short Magazine Lee-Enfield
Authors: Ford Matthew
Published: June 2016

This article examines the British army’s decision to adopt the Short Magazine Lee-Enfield (SMLE) in 1903. Historians invariably assume that this weapon was developed in response to demands to modernize and improve the army following the failures and poor marksmanship of British soldiers fighting in the Boer War. Understood this way the SMLE’s selection appears inevitable and as a result is rarely examined in close detail. This stands in contrast to the wealth of attention dedicated to exploring how the cavalry fought to hold onto the arme blanche despite the apparent revolution in machine-gun and artillery firepower. Upon closer examination, however, neither way of thinking about the changes occurring in the British army after the Boer War does justice to the complexities surrounding the development and selection of the SMLE. Rather, by considering the manner in which different communities within the army thought about battle, and in particular how engagements on the North West Frontier shaped perspectives on marksmanship, this article demonstrates how the cavalry and the Indian Army played an important part in the adoption of the SMLE.
Member Checking
Authors: Birt Linda , Scott Suzanne , Cavers Debbie , Campbell Christine , Walter Fiona
Published: June 2016

The trustworthiness of results is the bedrock of high quality qualitative research. Member checking, also known as participant or respondent validation, is a technique for exploring the credibility of results. Data or results are returned to participants to check for accuracy and resonance with their experiences. Member checking is often mentioned as one in a list of validation techniques. This simplistic reporting might not acknowledge the value of using the method, nor its juxtaposition with the interpretative stance of qualitative research. In this commentary, we critique how member checking has been used in published research, before describing and evaluating an innovative in-depth member checking technique, Synthesized Member Checking. The method was used in a study with patients diagnosed with melanoma. Synthesized Member Checking addresses the co-constructed nature of knowledge by providing participants with the opportunity to engage with, and add to, interview and interpreted data, several months after their semi-structured interview.
Deoxycholic Acid (ATX-101) for Reduction of Submental Fat
Authors: Dunican Kaelen C. , Patel Dhiren K.
Published: June 2016

Objective: To review trials evaluating purified synthetic deoxycholic acid (DCA; ATX-101) for the reduction of submental fat (SMF). Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1946 to week 4 of April 2016) and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1974 to 6 May, 2016). Keywords searched included deoxycholic acid, ATX-101, and submental fat. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human studies published in English that addressed the effects of DCA for the reduction of SMF were selected for analysis. Data Synthesis: Five phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded clinical trials enrolling more than 1700 patients have demonstrated the efficacy of ATX-101 in the reduction of SMF via a variety of validated scales as well as objective measurements. Purified synthetic DCA 2 mg/cm2 injected monthly for 4 to 6 treatment sessions demonstrated improvement in scales evaluated by both clinicians and patients. Improvement in skin caliper measurements of SMF and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provide objective evidence of the efficacy of ATX-101. Adverse events (AEs) are very common but are transient and localized to the treatment area. Pain at the injection site is the most common AE, occurring in more than 80% of patients treated. Other common AEs include swelling, bruising, numbness, and induration. Appropriate injection technique is patient specific and requires detailed knowledge of the submental anatomy to minimize AEs. Conclusions: ATX-101 is the first pharmacological intervention approved for the reduction of SMF and offers an alternative to invasive measures to improve the submental profile and positively affect patient self-image.
Selective Exposure to Balanced Content and Evidence Type: The Case of Issue and Non-Issue Publics About Climate Change and Health Care
Authors: Brenes Peralta Carlos , Wojcieszak Magdalena , Lelkes Yphtach , de Vreese Claes
Published: June 2016

We examine three under-studied factors in selective exposure research. Linking issue publics and motivated reasoning literatures, we argue that selectivity patterns depend on (a) whether an individual is an issue public member; (b) the availability of balanced, pro-, and counter-attitudinal content; and (c) the evidence for a message claim (numerical vs. narrative). Using an online experiment ( N = 560), we track information selection about climate change and health care. Most notably, on both issues, issue publics selected more balanced content with numerical evidence, compared with non-issue publics. We discuss the implications of our findings for the selective exposure literature.
Online News Discussions
Authors: Wu Tai-Yee , Atkin David
Published: June 2016

This study examines personality traits and motivations in association with individuals’ online news comment behavior. A survey of 517 participants indicated that those who were more agreeable and narcissistic were motivated for posting comments on online news. Motivations including informing, getting feedback, and exhibitionism predicted the frequency of posting on news comment sections, while social connection was a major predictor of commenting on the news shared in social media. Implications for using this online opinion-posting mechanism are discussed.
Assessing minority party influence on partisan issue attention in the US House of representatives, 1989–2012
Authors: Hughes Tyler
Published: June 2016

The majority party dominates legislative outputs and throughputs in rule-driven institutions, but these agenda-setting powers may not extend to other facets of the policy process. This article assesses the minority party’s ability to influence majority party issue attention in the US House of Representatives by analyzing one-minute speeches given on the House floor. This new measure of partisan issue attention highlights how the parties focus on the same policy issues in the same relative proportions, rather than crafting divergent issue agendas. Time series analysis indicates gaps between the parties’ level of attention to particular issues result in corresponding changes to majority party attention, which suggests the minority party can influence majority party issue attention by placing more emphasis on specific policy issues.
A qualitative exploration of attitudes towards the use of outcome measures in child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Sharples Evelyn , Qin Chuan , Goveas Vinita , Gondek Dawid , Deighton Jessica , Wolpert Miranda , Edbrooke-Childs Julian
Published: June 2016

The aim of the present research was to explore clinician attitudes to outcome measures and, in particular, the facilitators and barriers to implementing outcome measures. An up-to-date exploration of clinician attitudes is especially needed in the context of recent policies on the implementation of outcome measures in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), and because evidence suggests that there is a disparity between policy recommendations and the use of outcome measures in clinical practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine CAMHS clinicians from a Mental Health Trust in South London. Two levels of implementation emerged from the analysis: (1) the service level, regarding the implementation of outcome measures across a service to inform service improvement and (2) the session level, regarding the implementation of outcome measures within individual clinical sessions. The present research described training and ongoing support as a crucial facilitator of use at both service and session levels. This included help overcoming local contextual barriers, such as resources, information systems and administrative processes. The research showed that a balance is needed between a mandatory and uniform approach across a service and providing clinicians with support to use outcome measures with all service users for whom they are appropriate.
Simultaneous bilingualism: Early developments, incomplete later outcomes?
Authors: Silva-Corvalán Carmen
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

Research on the language of heritage speakers has shown that in situations of societal bilingualism the functionally restricted language evidences the simplification of some grammatical domains. A frequent question is whether this stage of grammatical simplification is due to incomplete or interrupted acquisition in the early years of a bilingual’s life, or a result of processes of attrition of acquired knowledge of the underused language. This article considers the issue of incompleteness through an examination of the relationship between bilingual children’s developing grammars and the more or less changed bilingual systems of adult second and third generation immigrants (“heritage speakers”) in the USA.

Methodology:

The issue of incompleteness is examined in two corpora: (1) Recordings of 50 Spanish-English adult Mexican-American bilinguals; and (2) Longitudinal data obtained during the first six years of life of two Spanish-English bilingual siblings.

Data analysis:

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the grammar of subjects, verbal clitics, and verb tenses of the Spanish of the bilinguals under study.

Findings:

The outcome of reduced exposure and production of a minority language in simultaneous bilingual acquisition reflects the incomplete acquisition by age 6;0 of some aspects of the input language. The bilingual siblings’ unequal control of the minority language is shown to parallel the range of proficiencies identified across the adult heritage speakers.

Significance:

Some linguists argue that heritage speakers’ grammars are less restrictive or “different” in some respects but not incomplete. In contrast, this article demonstrates that at least some of the reduced grammars of heritage speakers result from a halted process of acquisition in the early years of life. Furthermore, while difference is not an explanatory construct, incomplete acquisition due to interrupted development caused by restricted exposure and production offers an explanation for the range of proficiencies attested among adult heritage speakers.
Blood pressure, arterial stiffness and endogenous lithium clearance in relation to AGTR1 A1166C and AGTR2 G1675A gene polymorphisms
Authors: Cwynar Marcin , Gąsowski Jerzy , Głuszewska Anna , Królczyk Jarosław , Bartoń Henryk , Słowik Agnieszka , Grodzicki Tomasz
Published: June 2016

Introduction:

Although recently a matter of epidemiologic controversy, sodium overload and its interaction with genetic factors predispose to hypertension and related target organ complications.

Methods:

In 131 (66 male) treated hypertensives, we measured peripheral and central arterial pressures and pulse wave augmentation indexes (AIxP, AIxC1, AIxC2), pulse wave velocity (PWV), daily urinary sodium excretion and did genetic studies of AGTR1 A1166C and AGTR2 G1675A polymorphisms. Proximal (FELi) and distal (FDRNa) sodium reabsorption measurements were performed using endogenous lithium clearance.

Results:

In men, we found interaction between FDRNa and AGTR2 G1675A polymorphism with respect to AIxC1 ( pINT=0.01), AIxC2 ( pINT=0.05) and AIxP ( pINT=0.006). Arterial stiffness increased with higher sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, in the presence of AGTR2 G allele with the opposite tendency in A allele carriers. In the subgroup with FDRNa below median, as compared to those with FDRNa above median, the AIxC1 (139.6±3.8 vs 159.1±5.7%; p=0.009), AIxC2 (26.3±1.8 vs 33.3±1.7%; p=0.016) and AIxP (83.4±2.5 vs 96.5±2.6%; p<0.0001) were lower, in the G allele carrying men and GG homozygous women.

Conclusions:

The relation between sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule and the development of arterial stiffness depends on the AGTR2 G1675A polymorphism in blood pressure independent fashion.
How users shape markets
Authors: Harrison Debbie , Kjellberg Hans
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to elaborate conceptually on the user–market relationship. Existing research reports a limited user–market relationship, which simultaneously exaggerates and underplays user influence on markets. Assuming a constructivist market studies (CMS) perspective, we argue that the scope of the user–market relationship is broader than developing offers and uses. We conceptualize market shaping as five interrelated subprocesses in which users may be involved as agents: qualifying goods, fashioning modes of exchange, configuring actors, establishing market norms and generating market representations. The extent of user influence in these subprocesses is likely to vary both within a specific market and across markets. By identifying conditions conducive to user involvement in each subprocess, we lay the foundation for empirical research into how users shape markets.
Maximum convergence on a just minimum: A pluralist justification for European Social Policy
Authors: Viehoff Juri
Published: June 2016

There is widespread agreement that the European Union is presently suffering from a lack of social justice. Yet there is significant disagreement about what the relevant injustice consists in: Federalists believe the EU can only remedy its justice deficit through the introduction of direct interpersonal transfers between people living in separate states. Intergovernmentalists believe the justice-related purpose of the EU is to enable states to cooperate fairly, and to remain internally just and democratic in the face of increased global pressure on welfare states. I suggest that despite their fundamental differences, many of the most reasonable and prominent philosophical accounts of social justice in the EU nonetheless converge in their institutional prescriptions. In particular, they may each serve as a justificatory basis for introducing the European social minimum, an EU-wide income support scheme.
Factors Affecting Mortality After Major Nontraumatic Lower Extremity Amputation
Authors: Dinc Tolga , Polat Duzgun Arife , Kayilioglu Selami Ilgaz , Erdogan Ahmet , Yavuz Zeynep , Coskun Faruk
Published: June 2016

Our aim was to evaluate the factors affecting the mortality of patients who underwent nontraumatic major lower limb amputation due to ischemic and/or diabetic causes. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Among these patients, 70 (70%) underwent below-knee amputation, whereas 30 (30%) underwent above-knee amputation. Eleven (15.7%) of the 70 patients who underwent below-knee amputation and 12 (40%) of the 30 patients who underwent above-knee amputation ( P = .008) were deceased. After multivariable Poisson regression analysis, female gender (risk ratio [RR] = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.07-3.74) and a neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) less than 6.8 (RR = 5.12, 95% CI = 1.86-14.08) were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. The value of 6.8 was used as a cutoff point for the NLR (area under the curve = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.62-0.85), with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 83%, 66%, 57%, and 92%, respectively. The NLR and female gender were found to be independent factors that are related to increased mortality in patients who underwent lower limb amputation due to diabetic and/or ischemic causes. The coexistence of congestive heart failure and the amputation level (above knee) were found to be predictors of mortality in univariable analysis, but significance could not be demonstrated in multivariable analysis.
RaceBaitR Talks #HistoryByHillary, Queerness
Authors: Thrasher Steven W.
Published: June 2016

Steven W. Thrasher and genderqueer activist Hari Ziyad on calling out hypocrisy and fighting racism without engaging racists.
Transitioning Out Loud and Online
Authors: Stein Arlene
Published: June 2016

Today’s gender dissidents find support, community, and practical advice by sharing information and creating intimacy through trans vlogs.
Celebrating New Citizens, Defining the Nation
Authors: Aptekar Sofya
Published: June 2016

Exploring naturalization ceremonies as sites of Durkheimian ritual, creating social solidarity and shaping stories of the nation.