bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ΔNp63 regulates the expression of hyaluronic acid-related genes in breast cancer cells
Authors: Gatti Veronica , Fierro Claudia , Compagnone Mirco , Giangrazi Federica , Markert Elke Katrin , Bongiorno-Borbone Lucilla , Melino Gerry , Peschiaroli Angelo
Published: August 2018

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent the most aggressive and clinically relevant breast carcinomas. On the basis of specific molecular signature, the majority of TNBC can be classified as basal-like breast carcinoma. Here, we report data showing that in basal-like breast carcinoma cells ΔNp63 is capable of sustaining the production of the hyaluronic acid (HA), one of the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). At molecular level, we found that ΔNp63 regulates the expression of HA-related genes, such as the HA synthase HAS3, the hyaluronidase HYAL-1 and CD44, the major HA cell membrane receptor. By controlling this pathway, ∆Np63 contributes to maintain the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells. Importantly, high HAS3 expression is a negative prognostic factor of TNBC patients. Our data suggest that in basal-type breast carcinoma ∆Np63 might favor a HA-rich microenviroment, which can sustain tumor proliferation and stemness.
MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit
Authors: Walters G. Bragi , Gustafsson Omar , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Eiriksdottir Valgerdur K. , Agustsdottir Arna B. , Jonsdottir Gudrun A. , Steinberg Stacy , Gunnarsson Arni F. , Magnusson Magnus I. , Unnsteinsdottir Unnur , Lee Amy L. , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Skuladottir Astros , Jonsson Lina , Nawaz Muhammad S. , Sulem Patrick , Frigge Mike , Ingason Andres , Love Askell , Norddhal Gudmundur L. , Zervas Mark , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Ulfarsson Magnus O. , Saemundsen Evald , Stefansson Hreinn , Stefansson Kari
Published: August 2018

Discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders is an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Whole-genome sequencing of 31,463 Icelanders uncovers a frameshift variant (E712KfsTer10) in microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) that associates with ID/low IQ in a large pedigree (genome-wide corrected P = 0.022). Additional stop-gain variants in MAP1B (E1032Ter and R1664Ter) validate the association with ID and IQ. Carriers have 24% less white matter (WM) volume (β = −2.1SD, P = 5.1 × 10−8), 47% less corpus callosum (CC) volume (β = −2.4SD, P = 5.5 × 10−10) and lower brain-wide fractional anisotropy (P = 6.7 × 10−4). In summary, we show that loss of MAP1B function affects general cognitive ability through a profound, brain-wide WM deficit with likely disordered or compromised axons.
Black carbon radiative effects highly sensitive to emitted particle size when resolving mixing-state diversity
Authors: Matsui Hitoshi , Hamilton Douglas S. , Mahowald Natalie M.
Published: August 2018

Post-industrial increases in atmospheric black carbon (BC) have a large but uncertain warming contribution to Earth’s climate. Particle size and mixing state determine the solar absorption efficiency of BC and also strongly influence how effectively BC is removed, but they have large uncertainties. Here we use a multiple-mixing-state global aerosol microphysics model and show that the sensitivity (range) of present-day BC direct radiative effect, due to current uncertainties in emission size distributions, is amplified 5–7 times (0.18–0.42 W m−2) when the diversity in BC mixing state is sufficiently resolved. This amplification is caused by the lifetime, core absorption, and absorption enhancement effects of BC, whose variability is underestimated by 45–70% in a single-mixing-state model representation. We demonstrate that reducing uncertainties in emission size distributions and how they change in the future, while also resolving modeled BC mixing state diversity, is now essential when evaluating BC radiative effects and the effectiveness of BC mitigation on future temperature changes.
Replication of bacterial plasmids in the nucleus of the red alga Porphyridium purpureum
Authors: Li Zhichao , Bock Ralph
Published: August 2018

Rhodophytes (red algae) are a diverse group of algae with great ecological and economic importance. However, tools for post-genomic research on red algae are still largely lacking. Here, we report the development of an efficient genetic transformation system for the model rhodophyte Porphyridium purpureum. We show that transgenes can be expressed to unprecedented levels of up to 5% of the total soluble protein. Surprisingly, the transgenic DNA is maintained episomally, as extrachromosomal high-copy number plasmid. The bacterial replication origin confers replication in the algal nucleus, thus providing an intriguing example of a prokaryotic replication origin functioning in a eukaryotic system. The extended presence of bacterial episomal elements may provide an evolutionary explanation for the frequent natural occurrence of extrachromosomal plasmids in red algae, and may also have contributed to the high rate of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to the nuclear genome of Porphyridium purpureum and other rhodophytes.
Group I Paks are essential for epithelial- mesenchymal transition in an Apc-driven model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chow H. Y. , Dong B. , Valencia C. A. , Zeng C. T. , Koch J. N. , Prudnikova T. Y. , Chernoff J.
Published: August 2018

p21-activated kinases (Paks) play an important role in oncogenic signaling pathways and have been considered as potential therapeutic targets in various cancers. Most studies of Pak function employ gene knock-out or knock-down methods, but these approaches result in loss of both enzymatic and scaffolding properties of these proteins, and thus may not reflect the effects of small molecule inhibitors. Here we use a transgenic mouse model in which a specific peptide inhibitor of Group I Paks is conditionally expressed in response to Cre recombinase. Using this model, we show that inhibition of endogenous Paks impedes the transition of adenoma to carcinoma in an Apc-driven mouse model of colorectal cancer. These effects are mediated by inhibition of Wnt signaling through reduced β-catenin activity as well as suppression of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program mediated by miR-200 and Snai1. These results highlight the potential therapeutic role of Pak1 inhibitors in colorectal cancer.
Transformation from crystalline precursor to perovskite in PbCl2-derived MAPbI3
Authors: Stone Kevin H. , Gold-Parker Aryeh , Pool Vanessa L. , Unger Eva L. , Bowring Andrea R. , McGehee Michael D. , Toney Michael F. , Tassone Christopher J.
Published: August 2018

Understanding the formation chemistry of metal halide perovskites is key to optimizing processing conditions and realizing enhanced optoelectronic properties. Here, we reveal the structure of the crystalline precursor in the formation of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) from the single-step deposition of lead chloride and three equivalents of methylammonium iodide (PbCl2 + 3MAI) (MA = CH3NH3). The as-spun film consists of crystalline MA2PbI3Cl, which is composed of one-dimensional chains of lead halide octahedra, coexisting with disordered MACl. We show that the transformation of precursor into perovskite is not favored in the presence of MACl, and thus the gradual evaporation of MACl acts as a self-regulating mechanism to slow the conversion. We propose the stable precursor phase enables dense film coverage and the slow transformation may lead to improved crystal quality. This enhanced chemical understanding is paramount for the rational control of film deposition and the fabrication of superior optoelectronic devices.
Non-negligible Water-permeance through Nanoporous Ion Exchange Medium
Authors: Lee Jung A. , Lee Dokeun , Park Sungmin , Lee Hyomin , Kim Sung Jae
Published: August 2018

While the water impermeable constraint has been conventionally adopted for analyzing the transport phenomena at the interface of electrolyte/nanoporous medium, non-negligible water-permeance through the medium results in significant effect on ion and particle transportation. In this work, a rigorous theoretical and experimental analysis of the water-permeance effect were conducted based on a fully-coupled analytical/numerical method and micro/nanofluidic experiments. The regime diagram with three distinctive types of concentration boundary layers (ion depletion, ion accumulation, and intermediate) near the ion exchange nanoporous medium was proposed depending on the medium’s permselectivity and the water-permeance represented by an absorbing parameter. Moreover, the critical absorbing parameters which divide the regimes were analytically obtained so that the bidirectional motion of particles were demonstrated only by altering the water-permeance without external stimuli. Conclusively, the presenting analysis of non-negligible water-permeance would be a substantial fundamental of transport phenomena at the interface of the ion exchange medium and electrolyte, especially useful for the tunable particle/ion manipulations in intermediate Peclet number environment.
Efavirenz exposure, alone and in combination with known drugs of abuse, engenders addictive-like bio-behavioural changes in rats
Authors: Möller Marisa , Fourie Jaco , Harvey Brian H.
Published: August 2018

Efavirenz is abused in a cannabis-containing mixture known as Nyaope. The addictive-like effects of efavirenz (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) was explored using conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats following sub-acute exposure vs. methamphetamine (MA; 1 mg/kg) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 0.75 mg/kg). The most addictive dose of efavirenz was then compared to THC alone and THC plus efavirenz following sub-chronic exposure using multiple behavioural measures, viz. CPP, sucrose preference test (SPT) and locomotor activity. Peripheral superoxide dismutase (SOD), regional brain lipid peroxidation and monoamines were also determined. Sub-acute efavirenz (5 mg/kg) had a significant rewarding effect in the CPP comparable to MA and THC. Sub-chronic efavirenz (5 mg/kg) and THC + efavirenz were equally rewarding using CPP, with increased cortico-striatal dopamine (DA), and increased lipid peroxidation and SOD. Sub-chronic THC did not produce CPP but significantly increased SOD and decreased hippocampal DA. Sub-chronic THC + efavirenz was hedonic in the SPT and superior to THC alone regarding cortico-striatal lipid peroxidation and sucrose preference. THC + efavirenz increased cortico-striatal DA and decreased serotonin (5-HT). Concluding, efavirenz has dose-dependent rewarding effects, increases oxidative stress and alters regional brain monoamines. Efavirenz is hedonic when combined with THC, highlighting its abuse potential when combined with THC.
Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Partial Nitritation and Conventional Nitrification Systems for Nitrogen Removal
Authors: Zhao Zhirui , Luo Jinxue , Jin Bo , Zhang Jiayao , Li Bin , Ma Bin , An Xiaoyu , Zhang Shujun , Shan Baoqing
Published: August 2018

This work studied the microbial community in partial nitritation and complete nitrification processes, which were applied to treat the low Carbon Nitrogen ratio wastewater. The phospholipid fatty acid and quantitative PCR analysis showed that the sludge circulating ratio of 75% resulted in a good microbial growth and a higher abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria relative to the nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The Betaproteobacteria were observed to compose the most abundant sludge bacterial groups in the two processes, based on phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of both 16S rRNA and amoA gene indicated that the Nitrosomonas sp. were the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the partial nitritation process. The relative abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria, such as Nitrobacter sp. and Nitrospira sp., were significantly lower in the partial nitritation system over the complete nitrification system. The abundance of Planctomycetes was higher in the partial nitritation process, indicating the anammox reaction occurred in the partial nitritation system. These results suggested the nitrite accumulation rate of circulating ratios 75% was the highest, with an average of 92%,and a possibility to treat the low Carbon Nitrogen ratio wastewater using the partial nitritation/anammox process.
Frequent patient retraining at home reduces the risks of peritoneal dialysis-related infections: A randomised study
Authors: Chang Jae Hyun , Oh Jieun , Park Sue K. , Lee Juyeon , Kim Sung Gyun , Kim Soo Jin , Shin Dong Ho , Hwang Young-Hwan , Chung Wookyung , Kim Hyunwook , Oh Kook-Hwan
Published: August 2018

The present study, entitled Trial on Education And Clinical outcomes for Home PD patients (TEACH), investigated the effect of frequent retraining at home on the outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD). TEACH is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial with parallel arms. Patients starting PD were randomized into either the conventional retraining group (CG) or the frequent retraining group (FG). Patients in the FG were given more frequent home visits for retraining. The primary endpoint was exit site infection (ESI). Secondary endpoints were peritonitis, any PD-related infections, hospitalization, technique failure, and patient survival. A generalised estimating equations (GEE) approach was employed for the adjusted effect of training level on the outcomes. Cox regression was employed for peritonitis and other secondary outcomes. The subjects were randomised to either the FG (n = 51) or the CG (n = 53). Although the time of initial training did not differ between the 2 groups, the total time of training was longer and the frequency of training visits was higher in the FG. In the GEE model, the p-values for interactions between groups and time were significant for both ESI and any PD-related infections, suggesting that the event rates of the two groups significantly changed over time. The event rates for the FG decreased over time, and the event rates for the CG increased after month 12. In the older subgroup (age ≥ 60), frequent retraining had a significant effect in the risk reduction of the first episode of peritonitis (adjusted HR 0.01 [0.001–0.35], p = 0.01). Frequent retraining at home reduced the risk of PD-related infections.
Quadruple Semitendinosus Graft Construct With Double Cortical Suspensory Fixation for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Madaíl Carla Alexandra , Vaz Maria de Fátima , Amaral Pedro Miguel , Consciência José Guimarães , Silva Alcindo Lucas
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a graft construct with quadrupled Semitendinosus and two cortical buttons with adjustable loops concerning elongation, stiffness and resistance. A total of 15 fresh human cadaveric semitendinosus tendons were quadrupled over the two adjustable loops and stitched at the tibial tip with a cerclage type suture. They underwent pre-tensioning at 300 N for 2 minutes followed by cyclic loading (1000 cycles between 50–250 N) and finally a load-to-failure test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics software and groups were compared using a paired t-test, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Graft construct elongation after pre-tensioning at 300 N was 12.8 mm (9.3 mm–16.5 mm) and mean cyclic elongation 0.4 mm (0.2 mm–0.9 mm), considered significant (p < 0,001). The resistance and stiffness values were respectively 849.46 N (649.30 N-1027.90 N) and 221.49 N (178,30 N – 276.10 N). Quadruple ST graft construct using two cortical buttons and adjustable loops showed a high stiffness and resistance with a very low elongation after cycling.
Optogenetic induction of the schizophrenia-related endophenotype of ventral hippocampal hyperactivity causes rodent correlates of positive and cognitive symptoms
Authors: Wolff Amy R. , Bygrave Alexei M. , Sanderson David J. , Boyden Edward S. , Bannerman David M. , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Kätzel Dennis
Published: August 2018

Pathological over-activity of the CA1 subfield of the human anterior hippocampus has been identified as a potential predictive marker for transition from a prodromal state to overt schizophrenia. Psychosis, in turn, is associated with elevated activity in the anterior subiculum, the hippocampal output stage directly activated by CA1. Over-activity in these subfields may represent a useful endophenotype to guide translationally predictive preclinical models. To recreate this endophenotype and study its causal relation to deficits in the positive and cognitive symptom domains, we optogenetically activated excitatory neurons of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC; analogous to the human anterior hippocampus), targeting the ventral subiculum. Consistent with previous studies, we found that vHPC over-activity evokes hyperlocomotion, a rodent correlate of positive symptoms. vHPC activation also impaired performance on the spatial novelty preference (SNP) test of short-term memory, regardless of whether stimulation was applied during the encoding or retrieval stage of the task. Increasing dopamine transmission with amphetamine produced hyperlocomotion, but was not associated with SNP impairments. This suggests that short-term memory impairments resulting from hippocampal over-activity likely arise independently of a hyperdopaminergic state, a finding that is consistent with the pharmaco-resistance of cognitive symptoms in patients.
Human notochordal cell transcriptome unveils potential regulators of cell function in the developing intervertebral disc
Authors: Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Ward Lizzy , Humphreys Matthew , Zeef Leo A. H. , Berry Andrew , Hanley Karen Piper , Hanley Neil , Richardson Stephen M. , Hoyland Judith A.
Published: August 2018

The adult nucleus pulposus originates from the embryonic notochord, but loss of notochordal cells with skeletal maturity in humans is thought to contribute to the onset of intervertebral disc degeneration. Thus, defining the phenotype of human embryonic/fetal notochordal cells is essential for understanding their roles and for development of novel therapies. However, a detailed transcriptomic profiling of human notochordal cells has never been achieved. In this study, the notochord-specific marker CD24 was used to specifically label and isolate (using FACS) notochordal cells from human embryonic and fetal spines (7.5–14 weeks post-conception). Microarray analysis and qPCR validation identified CD24, STMN2, RTN1, PRPH, CXCL12, IGF1, MAP1B, ISL1, CLDN1 and THBS2 as notochord-specific markers. Expression of these markers was confirmed in nucleus pulposus cells from aged and degenerate discs. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed molecules involved in inhibition of vascularisation (WISP2, Noggin and EDN2) and inflammation (IL1-RN) to be master regulators of notochordal genes. Importantly, this study has, for the first time, defined the human notochordal cell transcriptome and suggests inhibition of inflammation and vascularisation may be key roles for notochordal cells during intervertebral disc development. The molecules and pathways identified in this study have potential for use in developing strategies to retard/prevent disc degeneration, or regenerate tissue.
Endogenous Galectin-9 Suppresses Apoptosis in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Pearson Mark J. , Bik Magdalena A. , Ospelt Caroline , Naylor Amy J. , Wehmeyer Corinna , Jones Simon W. , Buckley Christopher D. , Gay Steffen , Filer Andrew , Lord Janet M.
Published: August 2018

Galectin-9 (Gal9) has been postulated to have anti-inflammatory properties based on the ability of exogenous Gal9 to induce apoptosis in synovial fibroblasts in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we aimed to assess the potential role of endogenous Galectins, including Gal9, in the inflammatory pathology of the RA synovium in humans. Firstly expression of Galectins 1–9 was determined in synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and dermal fibroblasts (DF) isolated from RA patients, the latter representing a non-inflamed site. We then further challenged the cells with pro-inflammatory TLR agonists and cytokines and assessed Galectin expression. Gal9 was found to be differentially and abundantly expressed in RASF compared to DF. Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4, along with IFNgamma were also found to induce Gal9 expression in RASF. siRNA was then used to knock-down Gal9 expression in RASF and the effects of this on apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Increased apoptosis was observed in RASF following Gal9 knock-down. We conclude that, unlike exogenous Gal9, endogenous Gal9 is protective against apoptosis and enhances synovial fibroblast viability suggesting that its role in RA is both pathogenic and pro-inflammatory.
Structural insights into betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) from Oryza sativa explored by modeling and simulations
Authors: Baicharoen Apisara , Vijayan Ranjit , Pongprayoon Prapasiri
Published: August 2018

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) plays a key role in the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a fragrant compound in rice (Oryza sativa). BADH2 catalyses the oxidation of aminoaldehydes to carboxylic acids. An inactive BADH2 is known to promote fragrance in rice. The 3D structure and atomic level protein-ligand interactions are currently unknown. Here, the 3D dimeric structure of BADH2 was modeled using homology modeling. Furthermore, two 0.5 µs simulations were performed to explore the nature of BADH2 dimer structurally and dynamically. Each monomer comprises of 3 domains (substrate-binding, NAD+-binding, and oligomerization domains). The NAD+-binding domain is the most mobile. A scissor-like motion was observed between the monomers. Inside the binding pocket, N162 and E260 are tethered by strong hydrogen bonds to residues in close proximity. In contrast, the catalytic C294 is very mobile and interacts occasionally with N162. The flexibility of the nucleophilic C294 could facilitate the attack of free carbonyl on an aldehyde substrate. Key inter-subunit salt bridges contributing to dimerization were also identified. E487, D491, E492, K498, and K502 were found to form strong salt bridges with charged residues on the adjacent monomer. Specifically, the nearly permanent R430-E487 hydrogen bond (>90%) highlights its key role in dimer association. Structural and dynamic insights of BADH2 obtained here could play a role in the improvement of rice fragrance, which could lead to an enhancement in rice quality and market price.
Evolutionary specialization of MscCG, an MscS-like mechanosensitive channel, in amino acid transport in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Nakayama Yoshitaka , Komazawa Kosuke , Bavi Navid , Hashimoto Ken-ichi , Kawasaki Hisashi , Martinac Boris
Published: August 2018

MscCG, a mechanosensitive channel of Corynebacterium glutamicum provides a major export mechanism for glutamate in this Gram-positive bacterium, which has for many years been used for industrial production of glutamate and other amino acids. The functional characterization of MscCG is therefore, of great significance to understand its conductive properties for different amino acids. Here we report the first successful giant spheroplast preparation of C. glutamicum amenable to the patch clamp technique, which enabled us to investigate mechanosensitive channel activities of MscCG in the native membrane of this bacterium. Single channel recordings from these spheroplasts revealed the presence of three types of mechanosensitive channels, MscCG, MscCG2, and CgMscL, which differ largely from each other in their conductance and mechanosensitivity. MscCG has a relatively small conductance of ~340 pS followed by an intermediate MscCG2 conductance of ~1.0 nS and comparably very large conductance of 3.7 nS exhibited by CgMscL. By applying Laplace’s law, we determined that very moderate membrane tension of ~5.5 mN/m was required for half activation of MscCG compared to ~12 mN/m required for half activation of both MscCG2 and CgMscL. Furthermore, by combining the micropipette aspiration technique with molecular dynamics simulations we measured mechanical properties of the C. glutamicum membrane, whose area elasticity module of KA ≈ 15 mN/m is characteristic of a very soft membrane compared to the three times larger area expansion modulus of KA ≈ 44 mN/m of the more elastic E. coli membrane. Moreover, we demonstrate that the “soft” properties of the C. glutamicum membrane have a significant impact on the MscCG gating characterized by a strong voltage-dependent hysteresis in the membrane of C. glutamicum compared to a complete absence of the hysteresis in the E. coli cell membrane. We thus propose that MscCG has evolved and adapted as an MscS-like channel to the mechanical properties of the C. glutamicum membrane enabling the channel to specialize in transport of amino acids such as glutamate, which are major osmolytes helping the bacterial cells survive extreme osmotic stress.
Effects of Post-Anthesis Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation on Photosynthetic Production and Rice Yield
Authors: Wu Hui , Xiang Jing , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Yikai , Peng Shaobing , Chen Huizhe , Zhu Defeng
Published: August 2018

Post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and translocation play critical roles in photosynthetic assimilation and grain filling. However, their effects on leaf stay-green characteristics, dry matter accumulation, and translocation after anthesis remain unclear. In this study, post-anthesis N uptake and translocation between two different rice genotypes (Yongyou12 and Zhongzheyou1) were compared through soil nitrogen leaching treatments at the meiosis stage (MST) and anthesis stage(AST) respectively, and their effects on leaf stay-green duration, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and translocation during ripening and yield formation were estimated. The results showed that the soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N contents in Yongyou12 pots decreased significantly, and post-anthesis N uptake was 2.0–3.4 fold higher in Yongyou12 than in Zhongzheyou1. The activities of N-metabolism enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were higher, and flag-leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation during ripening were greater, in Yongyou12 than in Zhongzheyou1. However, insufficient available soil N led to significant decreases in the activities of N- metabolism enzymes, decreased flag-leaf photosynthesis, increased translocation of dry matter and N pre-anthesis, accelerated leaf senescence, shorter duration of the leaf stay-green period, and decreased dry matter accumulation and grain plumpness. In addition, the effect of N uptake after anthesis on yield is greater for rice genotypes that depend on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and an expanded sink capacity.
Interaction of polyamines, abscisic acid and proline under osmotic stress in the leaves of wheat plants
Authors: Pál Magda , Tajti Judit , Szalai Gabriella , Peeva Violeta , Végh Balázs , Janda Tibor
Published: August 2018

The exact relationship between polyamine, abscisic acid and proline metabolisms is still poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of putrescine and abscisic acid treatments alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress were investigated in young wheat plants. It was observed that abscisic acid plays a role in the coordinated regulation of the proline and polyamine biosynthetic pathways, which compounds are related to each other through a common precursor. Abscisic acid pre-treatment induced similar alteration of polyamine contents as the osmotic stress, namely increased the putrescine, but decreased the spermidine contents in the leaves. These changes were mainly related to the polyamine cycle, as both the synthesis and peroxisomal oxidation of polyamines have been induced at gene expression level. Although abscisic acid and osmotic stress influenced the proline metabolism differently, the highest proline accumulation was observed in the case of abscisic acid treatments. The proline metabolism was partly regulated independently and not in an antagonistic manner from polyamine synthesis. Results suggest that the connection, which exists between polyamine metabolism and abscisic acid signalling leads to the controlled regulation and maintenance of polyamine and proline levels under osmotic stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
Heterogeneity in topographic control on velocities of Western Himalayan glaciers
Authors: Sam Lydia , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Kumar Rajesh , Buchroithner Manfred F. , Martín-Torres F. Javier
Published: August 2018

Studies of the seasonal and annual patterns of glacier velocities improve our understanding of the ice volume, topography, responses to climate change, and surge events of glaciers. Such studies are especially relevant and equally rare for the Himalayan glaciers, which supply many rivers that sustain some of the most heavily populated mountainous regions in the world. In particular, the control of the hypsometric distribution of geomorphometric parameters, such as slope, aspect, and curvature, on the dynamics of Himalayan glaciers have never been studied so far, at the river basin scale. Here, we present the degree to which topographic and hypsometric parameters affect the seasonal and annual average flow velocities of 112 glaciers in the Baspa River basin in the Western Indian Himalaya by analysing Global Land Ice Velocity Extraction from Landsat 8 (GoLIVE) datasets for the years 2013–2017. We observe, (i) significant heterogeneity in topographic controls on the velocities of these glaciers, (ii) elevation and the seasons play important roles in regulating the degree to which morphometric parameters (slope, aspect, and curvature) affect these velocities, (iii) a possible polythermal regime promoting both sliding and deformational forms of motion in a majority of these glaciers, and (iv) a detailed analysis of complex topographic controls within various elevation zones using a novel hypso-morphometric approach. These findings can help us to better model the dynamics of Himalayan glaciers and their responses to the future climatic scenarios. The inferences also suggest the need to incorporate dynamic topography in glacio-hydrological models in the wake of constant glacial evolutions.
Global urban climatology: a meta-analysis of air temperature trends (1960–2009)
Authors: Varquez Alvin C. G. , Kanda Manabu
Published: August 2018

Air temperature trends (1960–2009) based on stations in cities, minus those based on global surface temperature datasets, are defined herein as urban heat island (UHI) trends. Urban climate was examined globally by comparing UHI trends with indices of geophysical factors, including background climate, latitude, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) and indices of artificial factors, including anthropogenic heat emission (AHE) and population indices. Surprisingly, a better relationship was found between UHI trends and DTR—an integrated geophysical index representing thermal inertia—than with the indices of artificial factors. Thus, while an increase in sensible heat (mechanism 1) triggers UHI formation, this study infers that large thermal inertia (mechanism 2) contributes significantly on UHI. The correlation of UHI trends with other indices can be explained by both mechanisms.
Author Correction: Economic analysis of implementing virtual reality therapy for pain among hospitalized patients
Authors: Delshad Sean D. , Almario Christopher V. , Fuller Garth , Luong Duong , Spiegel Brennan M. R.
Published: August 2018

The author would like to update the competing interest statement, which in the original published Article stated “B.M.R.S. has received a research grant, administered by his academic institution, from appliedVR (Los Angeles, California)”, to include additional information. The Competing Interest statement has been changed to “B.M.R.S. received a research grant, administered by his academic institution, and also received $1,250 in 2014 for a one-time activity that was unrelated to the published research, both from appliedVR (Los Angeles, California).” This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the Article.
DNA methylation detection: recent developments in bisulfite free electrochemical and optical approaches
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ripon , Moriam Sofia , Umer Muhammad , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: August 2018

The recent development of optical and electrochemical biosensors for bisulfite treatment free DNA methylation detection methods have been reviewed. The major challenges associated with the bisulfite treatment in DNA methylation detection and their potential solutions are also discussed.
A new approach to find biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) by single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Jiabao , Potter Michelle , Tomas Cara , Elson Joanna L. , Morten Karl J. , Poulton Joanna , Wang Ning , Jin Hanqing , Hou Zhaoxu , Huang Wei E.
Published: August 2018

Single-cell Raman microspectroscopy to detect phenylalanine as a potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Electrochemical detection of Alzheimer's disease related substances in biofluids by silica nanochannel membrane modified glassy carbon electrodes
Authors: Zhou Lin , Ding Hao , Yan Fei , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin
Published: August 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects middle- and old-age populations, and causes loss of brain weight, degradation of brain functions and memory loss.
A smart and sensitive sensing platform to monitor the extracellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide in rat brain microdialysates during pathological processes based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Guoyan , Xie Qunfang , Chen Zhonghui , Luo Fang , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua , Lin Zhenyu
Published: August 2018

An effective and biocompatible H2O2 stimuli-responsive chemical sensing platform has been developed based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs).
Poly(methyl methacrylate)-modified cellulose fibers patterned with highly selective chromogenic reagent for rapid and trace determination of Co2+ in water
Authors: Mujawar Liyakat Hamid , El-Shahawi Mohammad Soror
Published: August 2018

A simple one-step assay for the trace determination of Co2+ was developed on filter paper modified with solubilized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and arrays of 3-[(2-mercapto-vinyl)-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one (MHDI) reagent.
Alpha-helical folding of SilE models upon Ag(His)(Met) motif formation
Authors: Chabert Valentin , Hologne Maggy , Sénèque Olivier , Walker Olivier , Fromm Katharina M.
Published: August 2018

The first structures and silver binding affinities of SilE key sequences provide insights in the functioning of the Sil system.
Synthesis of the hitherto elusive formylphosphine (HCOPH2) in the interstellar medium – a molecule with an exotic phosphorus peptide bond
Authors: Frigge Robert , Zhu Cheng , Turner Andrew M. , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Sun Bing-Jian , Huang Ya-Syuan , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: August 2018

The formylphosphine (HCOPH2) molecule has been detected for the first time in the gas phase.
Bistable [2]rotaxane encoding an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system including white-light emission
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Qi , Jin Wei-Hang , Xu Tian-Yi , Qu Da-Hui , Tian He
Published: August 2018

By combining a rotaxane-type molecular switch and traditional fluorescent switch, an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system was constructed, which can generate multicolor fluorescence including white light.
Galvanic cell reaction driven electrochemical doping of TiO2 nanotube photoanodes for enhanced charge separation
Authors: Zhu Heng , Hu Yingfei , Zhu Kai , Yan Shicheng , Lu Lei , Zhao Meiming , Fu Hongwei , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2018

There is an electrochemical doping reaction that happens when TiO2 nanotube photoanodes are immersed in NaBH4 solution at room temperature.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of diphenylbutazone analogues
Authors: Li Shi-Wu , Kang Qiang
Published: August 2018

The asymmetric Michael addition of diphenylbutazone and its analogues to α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles has been developed with a chiral-at-metal Rh(iii) complex as a catalyst.
Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry andoperandoneutron reflectometry
Authors: Jerliu B. , Hüger E. , Dörrer L. , Seidlhofer B. K. , Steitz R. , Horisberger M. , Schmidt H.
Published: August 2018

Operandoneutron reflectometry measurements were carried out to study the insertion of lithium into amorphous silicon film electrodes during cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments at a scan rate of 0.01 mV s−1.
On-the-fly kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by methyl/ethyl radicals
Authors: Mai Tam V.-T. , Ratkiewicz Artur , Le An , Duong Minh v. , Truong Thanh N. , Huynh Lam K.
Published: August 2018

This work provides a rigorous procedure, within the framework of the Reaction Class Transition State Theory and the Structure–Activity Relationship for predicting reliable thermal rate constants on-the-fly for hydrogen abstraction by methyl/ethyl from PAHs in 300–3000 K.
A computational scheme of pKa values based on the three-dimensional reference interaction site model self-consistent field theory coupled with the linear fitting correction scheme
Authors: Fujiki Ryo , Kasai Yukako , Seno Yuki , Matsui Toru , Shigeta Yasuteru , Yoshida Norio , Nakano Haruyuki
Published: August 2018

A scheme for quantitatively computing the acid dissociation constant of hydrated molecules is proposed based on 3D-RISM-SCF and LFC methods.
Beryllium–beryllium double-π bonds in the octahedral cluster of Be2(μ2-X)4 (X = Li, Cu, BeF)
Authors: Liu Xingman , Zhang Min , Yu Shuang , Geng Yun , Zhang Xingxing , Ding Yihong , Su Zhongmin
Published: August 2018

Double πBe–Be bonds formed by the help of s1-type electron donating ligand.
A rechargeable aluminum-ion battery based on a VS2 nanosheet cathode
Authors: Wu Lu , Sun Ruimin , Xiong Fangyu , Pei Cunyuan , Han Kang , Peng Chen , Fan Yuqi , Yang Wei , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2018

Herein, we designed VS2 modified with graphene for AIBs, which delivers better cycling performance. Electrochemical characterizations confirm that the layered framework of VS2 is suitable for Al3+ ions intercalation.
Hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane over ZIF-67 derived Co nanoparticle catalysts
Authors: Zacho Simone Louise , Mielby Jerrik , Kegnæs Søren
Published: August 2018

In this work, we exploited zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-67 as a sacrificial precursor to prepare Co nanoparticles supported on nanoporous nitrogen-doped carbon.
Microwave-induced combustion of graphene for further determination of elemental impurities using ICP-OES and TXRF
Authors: Zhang Airui , Wang Hai , Zha Pengfei , Wang Meiling , Wang Haifeng , Fan Bingqi , Ren Danhua , Han Yanxiang , Gao Sitian
Published: August 2018

An analytical method of microwave induced combustion (MIC) combined with ICP-OES and TXRF is proposed to determine elemental impurities in graphene.
Influence of zinc on glycosaminoglycan neutralisation during coagulation
Authors: Sobczak Amélie I. S. , Pitt Samantha J. , Stewart Alan J.
Published: August 2018

Zinc released during coagulation increases anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan-neutralisation by histidine-rich glycoprotein, high-molecular weight kininogen, and fibrinogen.
Scope of regioselective Suzuki reactions in the synthesis of arylpyridines and benzylpyridines and subsequent intramolecular cyclizations to azafluorenes and azafluorenones
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Patel Ketul V. , Saima Saima , Pandey Surabhi , Solanke Ganesh , Vashisht Vanya
Published: August 2018

The current investigation on regioselective Suzuki reaction of 2,3-dihalopyridines and 2-halo-3-halomethyl pyridines has been studied and extended for azafluorenes and azafluorenones synthesis.
A nanosensor made of sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for “off–on” sensing of hypochlorous acid and Zn(ii) and its bioimaging properties
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Pei Ke , Yang Qiulian , Dong Jiayu , Yan Zhengyu , Chen Jianqiu
Published: August 2018

In this study, we present a facile one-step solvothermal strategy for the fabrication of sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (SNCDs) using p-phenylenediamine and cysteamine hydrochloride as the precursors.
A peptide-based multifunctional fluorescent probe for Cu2+, Hg2+ and biothiols
Authors: Pang Xuliang , Gao Lei , Feng Huiyun , Li Xudong , Kong Jinming , Li Lianzhi
Published: August 2018

A peptide-based fluorescent probe (Dansyl-His-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2, D-P4) bearing the dansyl fluorophore and tryptophan residue has been developed for the detection of Hg2+, Cu2+ and biothiols (–SH).
Spectral dependence of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence in a hollow nanotriangle assembled by DNA origami: towards plasmon assisted energy transfer
Authors: Ivaskovic Petra , Yamada Atsushi , Elezgaray Juan , Talaga David , Bonhommeau Sébastien , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Vallée Renaud A. L. , Ravaine Serge
Published: August 2018

The fluorescence of dyes precisely localized near the tips of a hollow gold nanotriangle is spectrally enhanced.
High strength and ductility of graphene-like carbon nanosheet/copper composites fabricated directly from commercial oleic acid coated copper powders
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Wang Lidong , Cui Ye , Shi Zhendong , Wang Miao , Fei Weidong
Published: August 2018

A simple approach is developed to fabricate a graphene-like carbon nanosheet/Cu composite by sintering commercial Cu powders with oleic acid coating.
Hybrid vanadate waveguiding configurations for extreme optical confinement and efficient polarization management in the near-infrared
Authors: Bian Yusheng , Kang Lei , Ren Qiang , Zheng Yuanxia , Engel-Herbert Roman , Werner Pingjuan L. , Werner Douglas H. , Jacob Ajey P. , Thomas Abu
Published: August 2018

The integration of vanadate materials with planar waveguiding platforms enables novel functional devices with miniaturized footprint and enhanced performance.
A chemically engineered, stable oligomer mimic of amyloid β42 containing an oxime switch for fibril formation
Authors: Yamamoto Masashi , Shinoda Kiyomichi , Ni Jizhi , Sasaki Daisuke , Kanai Motomu , Sohma Youhei
Published: August 2018

A stable Aβ oligomer mimic that is transformed into fibrils by a chemical stimulus, i.e., an oxime exchange reaction, is disclosed.
Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of visible-light-responsive, three-dimensional, flower-like La–TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction composites
Authors: Li Jinlong , Du Lijuan , Jia Shuaiqiang , Sui Guozhe , Zhang Yulin , Zhuang Yan , Li Boxin , Xing Zhiyong
Published: August 2018

A new visible-light-responsive, three-dimensional, flower-like La–TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by a solvothermal method.
A segregative phase separation scenario of the formation of the bacterial nucleoid
Authors: Joyeux Marc
Published: August 2018

The bacterial nucleoid may result from segregative phase separation driven by demixing of DNA and non-binding globular macromolecules.
Isoform-specific AMPK association with TBC1D1 is reduced by a mutation associated with severe obesity
Authors: Thomas Elaine C. , Hook Sharon C. , Gray Alexander , Chadt Alexandra , Carling David , Al-Hasani Hadi , Heesom Kate J. , Hardie D. Grahame , Tavaré Jeremy M.
Published: August 2018

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and systemic energy homeostasis which achieves this through the phosphorylation of a myriad of downstream targets. One target is TBC1D1 a Rab-GTPase-activating protein that regulates glucose uptake in muscle cells by integrating insulin signalling with that promoted by muscle contraction. Ser237 in TBC1D1 is a target for phosphorylation by AMPK, an event which may be important in regulating glucose uptake. Here, we show AMPK heterotrimers containing the α1, but not the α2, isoform of the catalytic subunit form an unusual and stable association with TBC1D1, but not its paralogue AS160. The interaction between the two proteins is direct, involves a dual interaction mechanism employing both phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains of TBC1D1 and is increased by two different pharmacological activators of AMPK (AICAR and A769962). The interaction enhances the efficiency by which AMPK phosphorylates TBC1D1 on its key regulatory site, Ser237. Furthermore, the interaction is reduced by a naturally occurring R125W mutation in the PTB1 domain of TBC1D1, previously found to be associated with severe familial obesity in females, with a concomitant reduction in Ser237 phosphorylation. Our observations provide evidence for a functional difference between AMPK α-subunits and extend the repertoire of protein kinases that interact with substrates via stabilisation mechanisms that modify the efficacy of substrate phosphorylation.
Dual‐output switched capacitor converter model for cross‐regulation effects
Authors: Mustafa Y. , Zhaikhan A. , Ruderman A.
Published: August 2018

For a single‐output switched capacitor converter (SCC) there is an accepted model for average output voltage that includes equivalent voltage source and output resistance. There is no such a model for a dual‐ (multi‐) output SCC. This Letter suggests a model of dual output SCC cross‐regulation based on a two‐port network and shows how to figure out its parameters by simulation and theory.
Augmented reality‐based feedback for technician‐in‐the‐loop C‐arm repositioning
Authors: Unberath Mathias , Fotouhi Javad , Hajek Jonas , Maier Andreas , Osgood Greg , Taylor Russell , Armand Mehran , Navab Nassir
Published: August 2018

Interventional C‐arm imaging is crucial to percutaneous orthopedic procedures as it enables the surgeon to monitor the progress of surgery on the anatomy level. Minimally invasive interventions require repeated acquisition of X‐ray images from different anatomical views to verify tool placement. Achieving and reproducing these views often comes at the cost of increased surgical time and radiation. We propose a marker‐free ‘technician‐in‐the‐loop’ Augmented Reality (AR) solution for C‐arm repositioning. The X‐ray technician operating the C‐arm interventionally is equipped with a head‐mounted display system capable of recording desired C‐arm poses in 3D via an integrated infrared sensor. For C‐arm repositioning to a target view, the recorded pose is restored as a virtual object and visualized in an AR environment, serving as a perceptual reference for the technician. Our proof‐of‐principle findings from a simulated trauma surgery indicate that the proposed system can decrease the 2.76 X‐ray images required for re‐aligning the scanner with an intra‐operatively recorded C‐arm view down to zero, suggesting substantial reductions of radiation dose. The proposed AR solution is a first step towards facilitating communication between the surgeon and the surgical staff, improving the quality of surgical image acquisition, and enabling context‐aware guidance for surgery rooms of the future.
Comparison of interactive and automatic segmentation of stereoelectroencephalography electrodes on computed tomography post‐operative images: preliminary results
Authors: Benadi Sahar , Ollivier Irene , Essert Caroline
Published: August 2018

Stereoelectroencephalography is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Multiple electrodes are inserted in the patient's brain in order to record the electrical activity and detect the epileptogenic zone at the source of the seizures. An accurate localisation of their contacts on post‐operative images is a crucial step to interpret the recorded signals and achieve a successful resection afterwards. In this Letter, the authors propose interactive and automatic methods to help the surgeon with the segmentation of the electrodes and their contacts. Then, they present a preliminary comparison of the methods in terms of accuracy and processing time through experimental measurements performed by two users, and discuss these first results. The final purpose of this work is to assist the neurosurgeons and neurologists in the contacts localisation procedure, make it faster, more precise and less tedious.