bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treating White Spot Lesions and Non-Carious Cervical Lesions with Amelogenin Peptide-Based Hydrogel
Authors: Bauza Nowotny Erika , Jassar Salony , Phark Jin-Ho , Moradian-Oldak Janet
Published: February 2025

Peptide-based biomimetic treatments have gained increased attention in the dental field due to their biocompatibility and minimally invasive qualities. These biomimetic approaches can replicate the native architecture of dental tissues, thus contributing to higher success rates and improved longevity of restorations. The aim of this study was first to examine the biocompatibility and stability of an amelogenin peptide-based chitosan hydrogel (P26-CS) against salivary enzymes. Second, we aimed to evaluate its efficacy in biomimetically repairing human dental lesions in situ. White spot lesions (WSLs) in enamel and non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in dentin were artificially created. Chitosan (CS) improved peptide stability, while remineralization of enamel sections with P26-CS was not impeded by salivary enzymes. The peptide was not cytotoxic, irritating, or sensitizing. Fluorescently labeled P26-CS penetrated ~300 μm into the enamel of WSLs and ~100 μm into the dentin of NCCLs. After peptide treatment, quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) and microcomputed tomography (μCT) indicated a gain in mineral density of WSLs. In NCCLs, scanning electron microscopy showed that the dentin was covered by a mineral layer of needle-shaped crystals. Our results show that the repair of artificial WSLs and NCCLs was achieved by P26 peptide-guided remineralization and demonstrate its potential to repair dental lesions.
Can Digital Human Capital Promote Farmers’ Willingness to Engage in Green Production? Exploring the Role of Online Learning and Social Networks
Authors: Gong Siyu , Jiang Ludi , Yu Zhigang
Published: February 2025

The development of rural digitalization has become a key driving force for promoting green agricultural production. However, in practical operations, due to the insufficient digital skills and lack of necessary digital human capital among farmers, they struggle to distinguish between green production methods and traditional practices, which in turn reduces their willingness to adopt green production. This study employed empirical research methods to collect data from 854 farmers in China’s largest grain-producing region and used the Probit model to analyze the impact of digital human capital on farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. The results indicate that an increase in digital human capital can significantly enhance farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. Additionally, it was found that online learning can enhance farmers’ willingness towards green production, with informal online learning proving more effective. Further analysis revealed that social networks play a mediating role between digital human capital and farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. The study also explored the heterogeneous impact of digital human capital on different groups of farmers, highlighting that increases in digital human capital have a more pronounced effect on the willingness of small-scale farmers and middle-aged farmers to engage in green production. Therefore, continuously enhancing digital human capital, emphasizing diverse learning channels, and leveraging ’acquaintance networks’ to encourage farmers to improve their awareness of green production through digital platforms are critical for promoting sustainable green agriculture in developing countries.
School Safety Concerns and Solutions: A Qualitative Analysis of U.S. School Psychologists’ Perspectives
Authors: Robinson Luz E. , Watson Kate R. , Fensterstock Natalie , Hogenkamp Sawyer , Xu Yinuo , Garner Hannah , Warri Vanessa R. , Morgan Casie H. , Garcia Anthony A. , Wu Chaoyue , Dunn Danielle , Espelage Dorothy L. , Astor Ron A. , McMahon Susan D. , Reddy Linda A. , Anderman Eric M. , Worrell Frank C. , Martinez Andrew
Published: February 2025

In the present study, we analyzed qualitative survey data from 538 school psychologists across schools in the United States regarding their perceptions of school safety issues and potential strategies to address school safety. There are only a few studies exploring the experiences and perspectives of school psychologists that have been based on large-scale qualitative data. Using inductive coding, three themes for safety concerns emerged: (a) aggressive behaviors from students, (b) mental and behavioral needs, and (c) limited staffing. Three themes also emerged for potential solutions: (a) professional development/training, (b) school–family–community relationships, and (c) threat assessments. These findings from school psychologists have implications for addressing structural issues to prevent school violence in research and practice. Policy recommendations to inform resource allocation and improve school safety are discussed.
Physical Exercise and Sleep Quality Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Mindfulness
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Xu Chengli , Chen Wanyi , Tian Jing
Published: February 2025

Although a few studies have examined the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how and under what conditions physical exercise can promote the sleep quality among Chinese college students, with a focus on how self-control mediates and mindfulness moderates this relationship. Data were collected through convenient sampling from five universities in China, with a total of 1028 college students aged 16 to 29 participating in the study. Participants were recruited to complete the self-report questionnaires measuring their physical exercise, self-control, sleep quality and mindfulness. Results showed that physical exercise significantly and positively predicts sleep quality among Chinese college students. Further moderated mediation analyses indicated that self-control plays a significant mediating role, while mindfulness plays a moderating role in this relationship. Additionally, simple slopes analyses found that the moderating effect of mindfulness is more pronounced among individuals with lower levels of mindfulness compared to those with higher levels. The findings suggest that physical exercise can enhance sleep quality by improving self-control. Furthermore, physical exercise has a beneficial impact on self-control and sleep quality among college students with low mindfulness, while mindfulness itself exerts a distinct positive influence among those with high mindfulness.
Ancestry-Specific DNA Damage Repair Gene Mutations and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Borbiev Talaibek , Babcock Kevin , Sinopole Kayleigh , Chesnut Gregory T. , Petrovics Gyorgy
Published: February 2025

This review is intended to reflect the currently available literature on both clinically significant germline mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes as well as the importance of ancestral diversity in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). The second most prevalent cancer worldwide in men is PCa, causing significant morbidity and mortality in its advanced stage. Emerging data highlight the substantial role of germline mutations of DDR genes in PCa pathogenesis, especially in progression to aggressive forms of the disease. Germline genetic testing is recognized as a necessary tool for efficient, individualized patient care. NCCR guidelines recommend inquiring about the family history of PCa and known germline variants and, if indicated, proceeding with germline multigene testing followed by post-test genetic counseling. Depending on the germline mutations in HR repair genes or in MMR genes, specific treatment options may provide clinical benefit. We will discuss specific germline mutations that are involved in PCa progression and prognosis in racially diverse populations.
Targeting Kinesins for Therapeutic Exploitation of Chromosomal Instability in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Christopher , Wu Benson Z. , Thu Kelsie L.
Published: February 2025

New therapeutic approaches that antagonize tumour-promoting phenotypes in lung cancer are needed to improve patient outcomes. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of lung cancer characterized by the ongoing acquisition of genetic alterations that include the gain and loss of whole chromosomes or segments of chromosomes as well as chromosomal rearrangements during cell division. Although it provides genetic diversity that fuels tumour evolution and enables the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes like immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, too much CIN can be lethal because it creates genetic imbalances that disrupt essential genes and induce severe proteotoxic and metabolic stress. As such, sustaining advantageous levels of CIN that are compatible with survival is a fine balance in cancer cells, and potentiating CIN to levels that exceed a tolerable threshold is a promising treatment strategy for inherently unstable tumours like lung cancer. Kinesins are a superfamily of motor proteins with many members having functions in mitosis that are critical for the correct segregation of chromosomes and, consequently, maintaining genomic integrity. Accordingly, inhibition of such kinesins has been shown to exacerbate CIN. Therefore, inhibiting mitotic kinesins represents a promising strategy for amplifying CIN to lethal levels in vulnerable cancer cells. In this review, we describe the concept of CIN as a therapeutic vulnerability and comprehensively summarize studies reporting the clinical and functional relevance of kinesins in lung cancer, with the goal of outlining how kinesin inhibition, or “targeting kinesins”, holds great potential as an effective strategy for treating lung cancer.
Secretome Analysis of Human and Rat Pancreatic Islets Co-Cultured with Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Reveals a Signature with Enhanced Regenerative Capacities
Authors: Pinheiro-Machado Erika , de Haan Bart J. , Engelse Marten A. , Smink Alexandra M.
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) but faces challenges pre- and post-transplantation. Co-transplantation with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), known for their regenerative properties, has shown potential in improving PIT outcomes. This study examined the secretome of islets cultured alone compared to the secretomes of islets co-cultured with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), a subtype of MSCs, under transplantation-relevant stressors: normoxia, cytokines, high glucose, hypoxia, and combined hypoxia and high glucose. Islet co-culture with ASCs significantly altered the proteome, affecting pathways related to energy metabolism, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, and immune modulation. Key signaling molecules (e.g., VEGF, PDGF, bFGF, Collagen I alpha 1, IL-1α, and IL-10) were differentially regulated depending on culture conditions and ASC presence. Functional assays demonstrated that the co-culture secretome could enhance angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and immune modulation, depending on the stress conditions. These findings highlight possible mechanisms through which ASCs may support islet survival and function, offering insights into overcoming PIT challenges. Moreover, this work contributes to identifying biomarkers of the post-transplantation microenvironment, advancing therapeutic strategies for T1D and regenerative medicine.
NEMO Family of Proteins as Polyubiquitin Receptors: Illustrating Non-Degradative Polyubiquitination’s Roles in Health and Disease
Authors: Wu Chuan-Jin
Published: February 2025

The IκB kinase (IKK) complex plays a central role in many signaling pathways that activate NF-κB, which turns on a battery of genes important for immune response, inflammation, and cancer development. Ubiquitination is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of proteins and is best known for targeting substrates for proteasomal degradation. The investigations of NF-κB signaling pathway primed the unveiling of the non-degradative roles of protein ubiquitination. The NF-κB-essential modulator (NEMO) is the IKK regulatory subunit that is essential for IKK activation by diverse intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. The studies centered on NEMO as a polyubiquitin-binding protein have remarkably advanced understandings of how NEMO transmits signals to NF-κB activation and have laid a foundation for determining the molecular events demonstrating non-degradative ubiquitination as a major driving element in IKK activation. Furthermore, these studies have largely solved the enigma that IKK can be activated by diverse pathways that employ distinct sets of intermediaries in transmitting signals. NEMO and NEMO-related proteins that include optineurin, ABIN1, ABIN2, ABIN3, and CEP55, as non-degradative ubiquitin chain receptors, play a key role in sensing and transmitting ubiquitin signals embodied in different topologies of polyubiquitin chains for a variety of cellular processes and body responses. Studies of these multifaceted proteins in ubiquitin sensing have promoted understanding about the functions of non-degradative ubiquitination in intracellular signaling, protein trafficking, proteostasis, immune response, DNA damage response, and cell cycle control. In this review, I will also discuss how dysfunction in the NEMO family of protein-mediated non-degradative ubiquitin signaling is associated with various diseases, including immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, and how microbial virulence factors target NEMO to induce pathogenesis or manipulate host response. A profound understanding of the molecular bases for non-degradative ubiquitin signaling will be valuable for developing tailored approaches for therapeutic purposes.
The Terminal Segment of the Seminiferous Tubule: The Current Discovery of Its Morphofunctional Importance in Mammals
Authors: Seco-Rovira Vicente , Beltrán-Frutos Ester , Martínez-Hernández Jesús , Madrid Juan Francisco , Pastor Luis Miguel
Published: February 2025

The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion—the terminal segment (TS)—has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important histological results from mammal studies from the last decades of the 20th century, including the different nomenclatures given to the TS. The TS presents a loss of spermatogenesis and is lined mainly with modified Sertoli cells. There is no unanimity among authors when it comes to naming and defining TS. In the last ten years, studies on rats and mice have highlighted the importance of this testicular zone, proposing that there is a high proliferation of modified Sertoli cells with an undifferentiated cellular profile associated with stem spermatogonia. In hamsters, an immunohistochemical study showed the existence of heterogeneity between these cells, and the surrounding interstitium presents numerous Leydig cells that are ultrastructurally different from those of the rest of the testis rest. In conclusion, we have only just begun to understand the tissue biology of TS. Emerging research is very promising; it can potentially modify our current knowledge of testicular biology and be very useful in promoting the advancement of male fertility restoration therapies in andrology.
CropsDisNet: An AI-Based Platform for Disease Detection and Advancing On-Farm Privacy Solutions
Authors: Khan Mohammad Badhruddouza , Tamkin Salwa , Ara Jinat , Alam Mobashwer , Bhuiyan Hanif
Published: February 2025

Crop failure is defined as crop production that is significantly lower than anticipated, resulting from plants that are harmed, diseased, destroyed, or influenced by climatic circumstances. With the rise in global food security concern, the earliest detection of crop diseases has proven to be pivotal in agriculture industries to address the needs of the global food crisis and on-farm data protection, which can be met with a privacy-preserving deep learning model. However, deep learning seems to be a largely complex black box to interpret, necessitating a prerequisite for the groundwork of the model’s interpretability. Considering this, the aim of this study was to follow up on the establishment of a robust deep learning custom model named CropsDisNet, evaluated on a large-scale dataset named “New Bangladeshi Crop Disease Dataset (corn, potato and wheat)”, which contains a total of 8946 images. The integration of a differential privacy algorithm into our CropsDisNet model could establish the benefits of automated crop disease classification without compromising on-farm data privacy by reducing training data leakage. To classify corn, potato, and wheat leaf diseases, we used three representative CNN models for image classification (VGG16, Inception Resnet V2, Inception V3) along with our custom model, and the classification accuracy for these three different crops varied from 92.09% to 98.29%. In addition, demonstration of the model’s interpretability gave us insight into our model’s decision making and classification results, which can allow farmers to understand and take appropriate precautions in the event of early widespread harvest failure and food crises.
Implementing Competency-Based Education Through the Personalized Monitoring of Primary Students’ Progress and Assessment
Authors: Ponomariovienė Jovita , Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė Daiva , Torterat Frédéric
Published: February 2025

Competency-based education is an educational paradigm with the primary goal of combining theoretical knowledge and practical skills, giving students the opportunity to effectively apply learning outcomes in real-life situations. This approach focuses on preparing students for life’s challenges by nurturing them as independent, critical, and creative thinkers who can adapt to an ever-changing environment. This article examines the process of competency-based assessment and progress monitoring in primary grades. The study conducted a qualitative content analysis of observed lessons and teacher interviews to reveal how assessment and continuous progress monitoring can contribute to comprehensive student development. Ten primary school teachers participated in the study, responding to researchers’ questions about competency-based education and their practices in assessment and progress monitoring. The article presents the results of a qualitative study aimed at evaluating the process of competence-based assessment and progress monitoring in primary school classrooms. The study results revealed that, in assessing student progress, teachers find it important for students to not only demonstrate knowledge in different situations but also gain a clearer understanding of their learning goals and have opportunities for growth. Such an assessment system not only helps students develop self-reflection but also encourages them to take responsibility for their learning process, continually improve, and strive for higher competency achievement.
Multi-Source Spatio-Temporal Data Fusion Path Estimation Method
Authors: Hu Qinying , Sun Gege , Chen Hang
Published: February 2025

To address the problem of overlooking target movement characteristics and historical activity patterns in conventional path estimation methods, we propose a method based on the principle of multi-source spatio-temporal data fusion. It integrates optical image data with navigation and positioning data and improves the A* algorithm. While seeking the shortest path, the algorithm prioritizes points within hotspot areas to achieve accurate target path estimation. The algorithm extracts hotspot areas using spatial analysis methods such as kernel density analysis and uses them as the basis for path estimation. Through many simulation experiments, it is verified that the proposed improved the A* algorithm is more consistent with the actual path than the traditional A* algorithm.
Graph Isomorphic Network-Assisted Optimal Coordination of Wave Energy Converters Based on Maximum Power Generation
Authors: Safari Ashkan , Rahimi Afshin , Sorouri Hoda
Published: February 2025

Oceans are a major source of clean energy, harnessing the vast and consistent power of waves to generate electricity. Today, they are seen as a vital renewable and clean solution for transitioning to a complete fossil fuel-free future world. To get the most out of ocean wave potential, Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are being used to harness the power of ocean waves into usable electrical energy. To this end, to maximize the power generated from the WECs, two strategies for WEC design improvement and optimal coordination can be considered. Among these, optimal coordination is the more straightforward method to implement. However, most of the recently developed coordination strategies are dynamic-based, encountering challenges as the system’s scale expands and grows larger. Consequently, a novel Graph Isomorphic Network (GIN)-based model is presented in this paper. The proposed model consists of the following five layers: the input graph, two GIN convolutional layers (GIN Conv.1, and 2), a mean pooling layer, and the output layer. The target of total generated power is predicted based on the features of the generated power from each WEC and the related spatial coordinates {xi,yi}. Subsequently, based on the anticipated total power considered by the model, the system enables maximum generation. The model performs spatial coordination analyses to present the optimal coordination for each WEC to achieve the objective of maximizing total generated power. The proposed model is evaluated through several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), achieving the least number of errors in prediction and optimal coordination performances.
Silicon/Biomass Carbon Composite as a Low-Cost Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Ziying , Xu Ziqing , Li Heng , Xiong Hanqing , Liu Xijun , Qin Chunling , Wang Zhifeng
Published: February 2025

Various biomass materials have been developed as precursor materials to fabricate carbon-based anodes for Li-ion battery (LIB) applications due to their inherent sustainability and low cost. However, the low theoretical specific capacity of carbon materials (273 mAh g−1) restricts their further application as an anode for LIBs. Herein, silicon/reed catkin composites (Si/RC) and silicon/apricot shell-derived carbon (Si/AC) are successfully fabricated, and their performances are evaluated as anode materials for LIBs. The Si/RC anode displays a reversible capacity of 318.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and remains 229.3 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work discloses the feasibility and promising prospects of utilizing biomass reed catkins to prepare low-cost, porous, carbon-based materials for energy storage applications.
A Novel Integrated Biorefinery for the Valorization of Residual Cardoon Biomass: Overview of Technologies and Process Simulation
Authors: Fatta Vittoria , Giuliano Aristide , Petrone Maria Teresa , Nanna Francesco , Villone Antonio , Barisano Donatella , Albergo Roberto , Liuzzi Federico , Barletta Diego , De Bari Isabella
Published: February 2025

Lignocellulosic biomass is currently widely used in many biorefining processes. The full exploitation of biomass from uncultivated or even marginal lands for the production of biobased chemicals has deserved huge attention in the last few years. Among the sustainable biomass-based value chains, cardoon crops could be a feedstock for biorefineries as they can grow on marginal lands and be used as raw material for multipurpose exploitation, including seeds, roots, and epigeous lignocellulosic solid residue. This work focused on the technical analysis of a novel integrated flowsheet for the exploitation of the lignocellulosic fraction through the assessment of thermochemical, biochemical, and extractive technologies and processes. In particular, high-yield thermochemical processes (gasification), innovative biotechnological processes (syngas fermentation to ethanol), and extractive/catalyzed processes for the valorization of cardoon roots to FDCA and residual solid biomass were modeled and simulated. Inulin conversion to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid was the main conversion route taken into consideration. Finally, the novel process flowsheet, treating 130,000 t/y of residual biomass and integrating all proposed technologies, was modeled and assessed using process simulation tools to achieve overall mass and energy balances for comparison with alternative options. The results indicated that cardoon biorefining through the proposed flowsheet can produce, per 1000 tons of input dry biomass, 211 kg of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid and 140 kg of ethanol through biomass gasification followed by syngas fermentation. Furthermore, a pre-feasibility analysis was conducted, revealing significant and potentially disruptive results in terms of environmental impact (with 40 ktCO2eq saved) and economic feasibility (with an annual gross profit of EUR 30 M/y).
Improvement of Mass Transfer Characteristics for the Gas-Liquid System in a Vortex Counterflow Apparatus
Authors: Sklabinskyi Vsevolod , Pavlenko Ivan , Skydanenko Maksym , Włodarczak Sylwia , Krupińska Andżelika , Ochowiak Marek , Kruszelnicka Izabela
Published: February 2025

This article aims to increase the intensity of mass transfer between gas and liquid in counterflow gas–liquid flow, one of the key problems in designing mass transfer equipment. For this purpose, analytical and experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the main features of operating processes in a vortex counterflow apparatus. In particular, the presented research substantiates the possibility of achieving several theoretical stages of concentration change in a single atomizing stage of the vortex counterflow mass transfer apparatus. The corresponding experimental stand was developed to carry out experimental studies. Afterward, the efficiency of the vortex counterflow mass transfer apparatus was evaluated. The model was based on material balance and flow rate equations, allowing for the determination of mass transfer and intensity ratio. After comparing the analytical expressions with the experimental results, the regression dependence for evaluating the main parameter of the proposed mathematical model was obtained. An increase in steam consumption led to increased steam velocities, affecting the droplets. This fact proved an increase in the intensity of mass transfer processes. The studies substantiated the achievement of several theoretical stages of concentration change and increased the efficiency of a vortex counterflow mass transfer apparatus. From a practical viewpoint, the experimental studies confirmed that when the height and radius ratio is less than 0.6–0.7, it is possible to create a plane vortex countercurrent motion of gas and liquid flows with a significant increase in peripheral gas velocities along the radius of the vortex chamber.
Simulation and Analysis of Different Bipolar Plate Geometrical Parameters on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cells Applying the Taguchi Method
Authors: Busqué Raquel , Bossio Matias , Rovira Enric , Brigido Albert
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of key stamping process parameters on metallic bipolar plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with thermal and electrochemical simulations and applying the design of experiments based on the Taguchi method. An exhaustive study on this topic is not found in the literature, and this study aims to identify the most influential parameters and their interactions to optimize channel geometries for enhanced PEMFC performance within manufacturing limits. Main effects analysis revealed the BP–GDL contact length-to-pitch ratio as the most influential parameter, achieving the best performance at its higher end (0.4). The external radius showed improved performance at a lower value (0.14 mm), while pitch and channel height had smaller effects, favoring lower values (1 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively). The channel angle exhibited minimal impact but slightly improved performance at 35°. Interaction analysis highlighted a complex relationship between pitch and angle, indicating that their combined effects on current density vary with specific value combinations. A higher pitch (2.5 mm) reduced performance with lower angles, whereas a lower pitch (1 mm) improved performance with reduced angles. Finally, two new geometrical designs derived from these optimized parameter combinations enhanced fuel cell performance by 1.97% and 1.23% over the baseline, demonstrating the Taguchi method’s value in optimizing the geometrical design of metallic bipolar plates in PEMFCs. These findings contribute to advancing more efficient and practical fuel cell technologies.
Economic Feasibility of Using Municipal Solid Waste and Date Palm Waste for Clean Energy Production in Qatar
Authors: Al-Moftah Ahmad Mohamed S. H. , Alnajideen Mohammad , Alafifi Fatima , Czyzewski Pawel , Shi Hao , Alherbawi Mohammad , Navaratne Rukshan , Valera-Medina Agustin
Published: February 2025

The transition to clean energy is crucial for mitigating the impacts of climate change and achieving sustainable development. Reliance on fossil fuels, which are integral to manufacturing and transportation, remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biomass gasification presents a renewable energy alternative that can significantly reduce emissions. However, proper disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) and agricultural residues, such as date palm waste (DPW), is an increasing global challenge, including in Qatar. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of implementing an MSW and DPW gasification plant for clean electricity generation in Qatar. The country’s growing population and economic development have led to substantial waste production, making it an ideal location for waste-to-energy (WTE) initiatives. Using discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, the study estimates the capital cost of a 373 MWth facility at approximately $12.07 million, with annual operating costs of about $4.09 million and revenue of $26.88 million in 2023. The results indicate a net present value (NPV) of $245.77 million, a return on investment (ROI) of 84.80%, a payback period of approximately 5 years over a 20-year project lifetime and a net reduction of 206,786 tonnes CO2 annually. These findings demonstrate the economic viability of biomass gasification in Qatar while contributing to reduced GHG emissions and advancing the country’s sustainability goals under Qatar National Vision 2030.
Sustainable Process Design for Special Welded Profiles via Roll Forming Compression
Authors: Tekyalcin Ali Burak , Bogrekci Ismail , Demircioglu Pinar
Published: February 2025

This study explores the sustainable design and optimization of processes for creating special cross-section welded profiles using the roll forming compression method. This technique is recognized for its efficiency in producing complex profiles while minimizing material waste, making it a valuable approach to environmentally friendly manufacturing. The research examines key factors such as material selection, process settings, and welding techniques to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate the forming process, helping to predict the profiles’ behavior and ensure they meet structural and dimensional requirements. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the simulation results and assess the performance of the profiles under practical conditions. The findings highlight the potential for saving both materials and energy while maintaining consistent quality, demonstrating the benefits of sustainable manufacturing in advanced profile production.
CRISPR-Based Genetic Improvement of Aquaculture Species
Authors: Bayır Abdulkadir , Saoula Selma , Almansour Ammar , Wang Deshou , Bayır Mehtap , Uzun Burcu Naz , Turhan Serpil , Arslan Harun , Arslan Gökhan
Published: February 2025

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system is considered a potential game-changer in the aquaculture sector. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is derived from an adaptive mechanism of the immune system of some prokaryotes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system potentially accelerates the rate of sustained genetic gain for the aquaculture and seafood production sectors. Unlike conventional genome-editing techniques, CRISPR/Cas9 is more cost-effective, user-friendly, and extremely precise. It enables overcoming large-scale challenges in aquaculture. Traits such as high fertility, external fertilization, shorter generation time, well-established breeding methods, and the ability to raise larvae offer potential benefits for applying CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in most aquacultural species. The use of genome editing accelerates precise breeding where desired modifications are made to the target gene. There is a high likelihood that the intended alterations will be achieved, resulting in the transmission of the desired trait to the next generation. In this paper, we review how the CRISPR system evolved, its basic categories and different Cas systems, as well as the molecular mechanism of CRISPR/Cas. We also highlight and discuss the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the challenges of using CRISPR/Cas technology are briefly discussed. This pathway charts a course to a future in which genome editing has the potential to enable aquaculture to fulfill world food requirements with public and ecological safety.
Preparation and Characterization of Antioxidative and pH-Sensitive Films Based on κ-Carrageenan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blended with Purple Cabbage Anthocyanin for Monitoring Hairtail Freshness
Authors: Ren Manni , Wang Ning , Lu Yueyi , Wang Cuntang
Published: February 2025

Developing pH-sensitive materials for real-time freshness monitoring is critical for ensuring seafood safety. In this study, pH-responsive indicator films were prepared by incorporating purple cabbage anthocyanin (PCA) into a κ-carrageenan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CA/CMC) matrix via solution casting, with PCA concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/w). The films exhibited remarkable pH sensitivity, with distinct color changes across pH 2.0–11.0. Incorporating PCA enhanced film crystallinity, antioxidant properties, and opacity while reducing water vapor transmission (WVP). High PCA content resulted in rougher morphology, lowering tensile strength (TS) but improving elongation at break (EB). The indicator film had good environmental stability, and the color difference was not visible after 10 days in the dark and 4 °C conditions. The CA/CMC/PCA-10% film showed the most pronounced pH-responsive color changes, transitioning from purple to green as hairtail freshness deteriorated. This innovative approach highlights the potential of CA/CMC/PCA films as reliable, eco-friendly indicators for real-time seafood freshness monitoring, offering significant advancements in smart packaging technology.
Effects of Polysaccharide Supplementation on Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Soy Protein Gel: Structural Characteristics, Allergenicity, and Epitope Analysis
Authors: Guo Xinran , Luo Yun , Fan Xia , Simpson Benjamin K. , Li Wei , Rui Xin
Published: February 2025

Background: Soy allergy is an important nutritional and health issue that needs to be addressed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation is an effective approach to reduce soy protein allergy. Polysaccharides are commonly used in LAB-fermented products to enhance their textural properties. This study proposes a new strategy for developing hypoallergenic soy protein products. Methods: We prepared a soy protein isolate (SPI) through fermentation with LAB (FSPI) and with five types of polysaccharides supplementation, namely polydextrose (PDX), inulin (IN), long-chain inulin (LCIN), soluble soy polysaccharides (SSPS), and β-glucan (BG). The texture and microstructure of different samples were analyzed. Antigenicity and IgE-binding capacity were determined using ELISA. Finally, peptide sequencing was used to identify the degradation degree and frequency of allergenic epitopes. Results: Samples with added PDX (F-PDX) and IN (F-IN) exhibited lower hardness; smaller, irregular pores; and a honeycomb structure, whereas samples with SSPS (F-SSPS) and BG (F-BG) had higher hardness; large, regular pores; and strong sheet structures. The antigenicity and IgE-binding capacity of F-PDX and F-IN were lower both before and after 120 min of in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion. The peptidomics results indicated that F-PDX and F-IN primarily facilitated the degradation of the glycinin G1 and G2 subunits, β-conglycinin α, and the β subunit. Moreover, it increased the frequency of destruction of allergenic epitopes, and further promoted the degradation of epitopes in the external α-helix structures of glycinin and β-conglycinin compared to FSPI. Conclusions: The addition of polysaccharides had a significant impact on the structure and allergenicity of the soy protein gel, especially PDX and IN.
A Contemporary Multifaceted Insight into the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Diverticular Disease: An Update About Geriatric Syndrome
Authors: Hashi Ridwan , Thamer Rahma , Hassan Ahmed , Canna Khalid , Ahmed Musaab , Hassan Mohamed T. , Badi Safaa , Ahmed Mohamed H.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diverticular disease, once considered a rare geriatric gastrointestinal condition, has now become a prevalent disorder associated with increased morbidity and healthcare costs. The spectrum of complications from diverticular disease ranges from incidental findings to more serious issues such as bleeding and diverticulitis. Symptomatic diverticular disease represents a significant economic burden in the western world. Diabetes mellitus is a major global health issue. As global aging accelerates, geriatric syndromes such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and diverticular disease (DD) are becoming increasingly prevalent. Understanding their interplay is critical, particularly within the geriatric population. Both conditions are linked to lifestyle, dietary habits, and changes in gut physiology. Additionally, age-related alterations in the gut microbiome and immune system make this association more complex, contributing to morbidity and healthcare burdens in older adults. The primary aim of this review is to provide an update on the association between diabetes mellitus and diverticular disease. Methods: This narrative review explores the association between diabetes mellitus and diverticular disease. Relevant articles were identified by searching major databases. Results: Risk factors for diverticular disease include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, smoking, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lack of physical activity, a low-fibre diet, and a high-carbohydrate diet. These risk factors are also associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Major population studies indicate that diabetes can either increase the risk of diverticular disease or have a neutral impact. A complication of diabetes mellitus includes impaired intestinal peristalsis and enteric nervous system dysfunction, which can ultimately lead to the formation of intestinal diverticula. High-calorie foods low in fibre are a staple in the diets of many type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, contributing to gut dysbiosis. A detrimental consequence of dysbiosis is a breach in the protective intestinal barrier, which promotes the development of diverticulosis. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus may be associated with diverticular disease, and the risk factors that contribute to diabetes mellitus can also be linked to diverticular disease. Further studies are needed to explore the complex relationship between diabetes mellitus and diverticular disease.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Parents Regarding Childhood Obesity in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alsheraifi Sojoud , Almeleh Fatima , Rabie Hiba , Alkaabi Amnah , AlHamrooni Sumayya , Abdullah Aisha
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a global issue whose prevalence continues to rise at a concerning rate. Over the past 30 years, many countries have witnessed the doubling or tripling of obesity rates. The growing prevalence of obesity in children is particularly worrying given that it indicates a future burden on healthcare systems. Herein, we aim to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to childhood obesity among parents of school children in Ras Al-Khaimah (RAK) and Fujairah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2024 and involved parents/guardians of children from grades 1 to 12 in governmental schools in RAK and Fujairah. A standardized questionnaire adapted from the “We Can Program” was used after modification to make it suitable for the study participants. The appropriate sample size was calculated and found to be 471. A total of 510 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The study participants comprised 89.6% females, 77.6% middle-aged individuals, and 61.8% RAK residents. The results show that 96.3% of parents have good knowledge; 88.4% have a positive attitude; and 97.8% have good practices. Younger and less educated parents have a less positive attitude {odds ratio (OR) = 0.052 (0.28–0.98), p = 0.03 and OR = 0.057 (0.33–1.009), p = 0.03, respectively}. In contrast, having good knowledge increases the chances of having a positive attitude {OR = 3.81 (1.39–10.45), p = 0.015}. Males were found to have a lower probability of having good practices {OR = 0.29 (0.07–0.15), p = 0.09}. However, having good knowledge and a positive attitude increases the chances of having good practices {OR = 6.30 (1.26–31.41), p = 0.05 and OR = 23.42 (6.02–91.09, p = 0.00), respectively}. In conclusion, overall, parents/guardians from RAK and Fujairah have good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices with regard to childhood obesity. Young parents with lower educational levels tend to have a negative attitude. In general, living in RAK or Fujairah is not a contributing factor affecting the levels of overall knowledge, attitudes, and practices. However, parents in Fujairah have worse practices according to the majority of the individual practice questions related to physical activity and healthy food compared to parents in RAK. Particular emphasis should be placed on walking, biking, and using the stairs, when possible, among parents in Fujairah. National programs should be developed, targeting young parents with lower educational levels to improve their attitudes and hence their practices.
Mining of Root-Specific Expression Genes and Their Core Cis-Regulatory Elements in Plants
Authors: Gao Shan , Chai Yi , Zhou Xinyue , Chen Suhui
Published: February 2025

Mining tissue-specific genes is important for studying the processes of life activities within tissues, and it is a way of finding genes that regulate relevant traits. In recent years, the massive growth of expression data from various tissues has provided important opportunities for the large-scale analysis of tissue-specific genes. We found 489, 276, and 728 RTEGs (root tissue-specific expression genes) using 35 RNA-seq databases in 13 different tissues from three species of plants, e.g., Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, respectively, by bioinformatics methods. A total of 34 RTEGs in rice were found to be conserved in all three species, and 29 genes of them were unreported. Furthermore, 16 newly core cis-acting elements, named REM1-16 (root expression motif), were predicted by four well-known bioinformatics tools, which might determine the root tissue expression pattern. In particular, REM2 is conserved in not only Arabidopsis, but also rice. These cis-acting elements may be an important genetic resource that can be introduced into synthetic memory circuits to precisely regulate the spatiotemporal expression of genes in a user-defined manner.
The Expression of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Human Blastocoel Fluid-Conditioned Media In Vitro: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Kavoussi Shahryar K. , Chen Shu-Hung , Wininger John David , Lal Arnav , Roudebush William E. , Kavoussi Parviz K. , Esqueda Amy S. , Chen Justin , Chosed Renee J.
Published: February 2025

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is measured during pregnancy in maternal serum to screen for, and in amniotic fluid to test for, neural tube defects. This study aimed to determine whether or not AFP is expressed in blastocoel fluid-conditioned media (BFCM) at the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. For this in vitro study, BFCM was obtained from blastocyst stage embryos following standard embryology laboratory processes. Good quality blastocysts (n = 40) had trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with subsequent blastocyst vitrification and BFCM collection. BFCM samples (n = 40) were analyzed for human AFP protein via an AFP Human ELISA Kit. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher’s exact test. AFP was expressed in 12.5% (5/40) of BFCM samples (range = 1.69–20.5 pg/mL). Of blastocysts with AFP in BFCM, 80% (4/5) had aneuploid PGT-A results; of blastocysts with no AFP in BFCM, 57% (20/35) had aneuploid PGT-A results, with no difference between groups (p = 0.63). Our study demonstrates AFP expression in BFCM. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detection of AFP at the embryonic blastocyst stage in vitro. Future studies are needed and underway to determine whether assessment of AFP at the embryonic stage can improve embryo transfer outcomes.
A Starch Phosphorylase, ZmPHOH, Improves Photosynthetic Recovery from Short-Term Cold Exposure in Maize
Authors: Qin Yao , Ding Haiping , Zhao Hailiang , Zheng Xueqing , Wang Jing , Xiao Ziyi , Wang Yuanru , Wang Hongwei , Liu Yinggao , Gong Dianming , Qiu Fazhan
Published: February 2025

The photosynthetic system of maize (Zea mays) leaves is sensitive to low temperatures and suffers from irreversible damage induced by cold exposure, making cold stress a major factor limiting maize yield. Identifying genes that improve the recovery of photosynthesis from low temperatures in maize will help enhance the cold tolerance of this crop and ensure stable yields. Here, we demonstrate the role of starch phosphorylase 2 (ZmPHOH) in promoting photosynthetic recovery from cold damage. Chlorotic leaf3 (chl3), a null mutant of ZmPHOH, which undergoes chlorophyll degradation and chlorosis earlier than under normal growth conditions after brief exposure to 8 °C and restoration to normal. We determined that chl3 plants could not repair the damage to their photosynthetic system caused by short-term cold exposure after the temperature returned to normal. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling indicated that the soluble sugar content in chl3 leaves was significantly increased after cold treatment and could not be catabolized promptly, leading to repression of photosynthetic gene expression. Our results reveal that ZmPHOH enhances post-cold photosynthetic recovery by promoting the decomposition and metabolism of soluble sugars, thereby regulating the low-temperature resilience in maize, which provides new insights into the chilling tolerance mechanism of maize.