bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Use and Lighting of Algal Green Buildings
Authors: Tokuç Ayça , Yaman Yonca , Budakoğlu Berkay , Köktürk G. Gülden , Deniz Irem , Ezan Mehmet Akif
Published: August 2024

Green buildings can provide a growth environment for microalgae growth on their façades, where a closed environment mimicks the organisms’ natural environment and functions as a window. This study investigates such a façade’s effect on energy saving by optimizing the performances of useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and energy use intensity (EUI) in the Mediterranean climate. The study was carried out in two stages. The first stage is a parametric study using the Colibri tool to look at the algae content and the effect of WWR for the north and south orientations. Meanwhile the second stage adds different design parameters of orientation, window type, WWR, wall type and thickness, insulation thickness. Optimization of UDI and EUI separately allows an in-depth discussion of these parameters for both performances. The obtained parametric results show the effects of WWR and algae content. Regression analysis explains that WWR has a linear relationship with EUI and a polynomial relationship with UDI. There is no such relationship for algae content, yet it changes UDI results the most (%46.22-81.66 for 50% WWR). Then, computational simulations regard effects of other factors for performance optimization.
Study on Limitations for Implementation of Improved Biomass Cookstoves as a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Cooking Efficiency Technology: A Case Study of Rural Households in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Hassan David Joseph , Elshareef Hussien , Liu Mingyang , Zhou Yuguang , Tursunov Obid , Renjie Dong
Published: August 2024

Traditional cooking techniques prevalent contribute to deforestation, indoor air pollution, and associated health issues. This study explores the transformative potential limitations for improved biomass cookstoves (ICS) uptake among the rural households in Kilimanjaro. ICS offer a faster, more efficient cooking process, reducing cooking time, minimizing heat loss, preserving nutrients, fostering healthier eating habits, and enhancing the flavor of meals. Data were gathered from 300 families in two districts through a crosssectional study, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, a binary regression analysis model was used to analyze data collected. The findings indicate that firewood is the major cooking fuel source in the region, where preferred by 83.0% of all respondents and 91.70% of population utilize traditional cookstoves while only 13.0% utilize ICS. The results show that income, education level, occupation and awareness of the household head have greater effect on the uptake of ICS, result indicates that the probability of utilize ICS would increase by 63.173 for every unit increase in monthly household income. Furthermore, households with higher education are more likely to utilize ICS technology by 4.579 times higher compared to those with lower education level. Therefore, the study suggests initiating on public campaign to raise the public awareness and encourage the uptake and utilization of improved cookstoves in rural households. The study's insights can guide policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders in promoting realistic cooking solutions, addressing and overcoming financial barriers of energy challenges, and tackling environmental issues in rapidly growth population in Tanzania.
Navigating the Path to Legal Enhancements in China’s Deep-Sea Mining Environmental Governance
Authors: Huang Yuting , Liu Jiahao , Bai Xiang , Zheng Shiyi
Published: August 2024

As deep seabed mining technology matures and global demand for key minerals grows, new requirements are being posed to environmental governance systems. However, given the urgent need to formulate the Regulations on Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area, China’s existing legal provisions on environmental governance of deep-sea mining are too principled to meet the needs of practice, thus hindering the goal of marine environmental protection. In response to the above dilemma, this paper proposes improvement suggestions from three perspectives: the licensing system of deep-sea mining, the environmental regulatory system for deep-sea mining, and the financial system of deep-sea mining. These suggestions aim to enhance the adaptability and effectiveness of China’s deep-sea mining environmental governance system.
Review on composite modification and dynamic performance optimization of ultra large aspect ratio gears
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Mingwei , Li Jingying , Wu Jinjun , Di Fei
Published: August 2024

The ultra large aspect ratio gear structure is increasingly widely used in gearboxes for aerospace, high-speed equipment, and heavy equipment to meet the performance requirements of narrow center distance and high torque. The conventional gear specification calculation accuracy is difficult to meet the performance requirements of ultra large aspect ratio gears. The article comprehensively summarizes the current mainstream methods for gear modification and dynamic performance research. It is recommended to use the finite element method to calculate the bending deformation, shear deformation, compression deformation, gear matrix deformation, Hertz contact deformation, and gear meshing stiffness of the gear teeth, coupled with the bending and torsional deformation of the gear shaft under bearing constraints. In the presence of uncertain factors such as manufacturing and installation, accurate gear contact deformation and modification results can be calculated. Furthermore, a robust optimization method for uncertain systems is adopted to reduce the transmission error fluctuations of gears from the source of gearbox vibration, in order to achieve robust dynamic optimization effects.
Application Value of Electrical Automation Integration Technology in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Wang Jianxu , Ning Tingzhou
Published: August 2024

Electrical engineering, as a key project in China, plays a positive role in promoting social and economic development. With the continuous development of science and technology, the level of electrical engineering in China is also constantly improving. In the modernization reform of electrical engineering, applying electrical automation technology to electrical engineering can significantly improve the quality of electrical engineering and play an important role in promoting the development of the electrical industry. However, in the application process of electrical automation technology, relevant personnel still need to combine the key points of electrical automation technology, explore feasible application methods, pay attention to the improvement of electrical automation integration technology, and effectively use electrical automation technology to promote the development of the electrical field. This article proposes several optimization measures based on the characteristics of electrical automation technology, hoping to provide reference for the application of electrical automation technology.
Failure mechanism of steam generator tubes inspection crawler gripper petal
Authors: Ding Boyuan , He Yi , Ma Qiang , Kong Yuying
Published: August 2024

Failure mechanism of nuclear power pant steam generator tubes inspection crawler gripper petal is analysed in this paper, through macroscopic, chemical composition, metallographic, hardness, scanning electron microscope and energy-spectrum examination, fracture mechanism of the gripper petal is revealed to be brittle rupture. To avoid analogous failure in the future, fatigue test and precautions are presented.
Research on the Integrated Collaborative Control Strategy and Demonstration Application of Distributed Wind Storage Operation
Authors: He Zhengdong
Published: August 2024

In order to reduce the fire risks and hidden dangers caused by battery aggregation, and improve the safety of energy storage system applications, this paper proposes a decentralized wind storage integrated collaborative control strategy and its demonstration application research. The decentralized energy storage system of the wind farm described in this article includes three subsystems: 1) a decentralized energy storage unit with "one machine, one storage", 2) a signal transmission and communication system for decentralized energy storage equipment, and 3) a wind power decentralized energy storage collaborative control system. On the basis of completing the system hardware and software, this article presents the architecture of a decentralized energy storage collaborative control system and develops an overall control strategy based on the principle of frequency modulation priority. Finally, this article will demonstrate the application of the decentralized energy storage system in the Dayou wind storage project. The demonstration application test results show that, taking the 2021 annual power assessment of Dayou Wind Power as an example, analyzing the benefits of decentralized energy storage on power prediction on an average monthly basis. Da You has an installed capacity of 126.3MW, with a short-term assessment of 228600 yuan. After adding energy storage, the assessment cost can be reduced by 1.8 million yuan per year. This not only meets the requirements of decentralized energy storage layout and centralized monitoring, but also reduces control system interfaces, providing demonstration, reference and guidance for the development of renewable energy+decentralized projects, and has important application value.
Carbon emission analysis during the transformation of hydropower dominated grid for the carbon neutrality
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Su Yunche , Wang Xiaodi , Liu Yang , Chen Wei , Hu Tao
Published: August 2024

Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Sichuan Province, with its abundant hydropower and renewable energy resources, possesses the feasibility to pioneer in constructing a provincial-level carbon-neutral power system in China. However, current grid planning lacks sufficient consideration for carbon emission related goals and constraints. To investigate the carbon emission evolution path of Sichuan Power Grid under the carbon neutrality goal, firstly, the distribution and development status of clean energy sources in Sichuan are clarified in this paper, and the low-carbon technology combination for Sichuan Power Grid's transition is determined. Then, load forecasting and other relevant factors are also combined to form boundary conditions for planning. Based on this, power source and grid planning research are carried out, exploring the two-stage evolutionary trajectory—transition period and formation period. Finally, employing the carbon emission flow theory, the carbon emissions at each phase are analysed, depicting the progressive realization of carbon neutrality in Sichuan Power Grid from the perspective of carbon emission flow.
Study on the Response Law of Deformation of Buildings by Harvesting
Authors: Guo Keyi , Zhang Yangyang
Published: August 2024

Underground coal mining will cause violent deformation of the ground surface, forming a large area of subsidence area, building on coal mining subsidence area will have great safety risks, mastering the relevant laws of the deformation of the ground surface of the buildings and is the prerequisite to ensure the safety of the construction on the mining (movable) hollow area in the subsidence area. Taking the buildings in coal mining subsidence area as the research object, the means of combining 3D printing technology and similar material simulation are used, firstly, the printing materials and similar materials are screened, and the experimental model for researching the mechanism of building-foundation coupling is established, and through the experiments, the corresponding rules of the buildings and the deformation of the ground surface are summarized. Results show that: different types of buildings are affected by surface deformation differently, large buildings are more likely to be affected by quarrying, and large buildings are more likely to be affected by tilting deformation due to their stronger structural integrity.
Research on the Application of ChatGPT-like Language Models in Hydropower Stations
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhang Leifang , Lu Jianxiong , Wu Xuelu , Wei Caiyun
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) across various industries has become a hot research topic. In particular, ChatGPTlike language models, with their capabilities in understanding and generating natural language, show great potential in information processing, automation control, and decision support systems. Hydropower stations, as important renewable energy power plants, play a crucial role in energy supply and environmental protection with their safe, economical, and efficient operations. This paper aims to explore the application of ChatGPTlike language models in hydropower stations, analyze potential application scenarios, and discuss challenges and solution strategies in implementation, in order to provide new technological paths for the future development of hydropower stations.
The molecular design of synthetic leather waste water extractants and extraction process research
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Liu Kang , Zhang Xuehui , Xue Yanchao , Jiang Shuning , Zhang Qingrui
Published: August 2024

In order to extract and treat DMF-containing wastewater generated in synthetic leather industry and avoid the defects of high toxicity and low efficiency of extractants, computer-aided molecular design of extractants for liquid-liquid extraction of DMF wastewater was carried out. Constraints on the nature of the extractant and environmental constraints were added to design an efficient and environmentally friendly extractant, and a weighted scoring method was established for the evaluation of the extractant. The top three extractant design results were simulated and optimised with the target of total annual cost TAC to verify the extraction effect, and propyl formate was considered the best extractant in this design after comprehensive evaluation.
Volumetric stability control of steel slag and its mechanism research
Authors: Cao Rongji , Qu Xin , Liu Wei , Lv Zhenglong , Wang Hongxia , Yun Wenyang
Published: August 2024

Free calcium oxide (f-CaO) in steel slag is converted to calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) on contact with water, accompanied by significant volume expansion, a property that greatly limits the widespread use of steel slag. In this paper, a mixed solution of silica powder and sodium citrate was accustomed to treat steel slag to inhibit the volume expansion of steel slag, and the mineral composition and free calcium oxide content of steel slag were analysed by XRD. The findings indicated that the mixed solution of 3% silica powder and 0.2 mol/L sodium citrate had the best inhibition effect on the expansion of steel slag, and the mixed solution caused Ca(OH)2, the hydration product of f-CaO in steel slag, to be partly consumed by sodium citrate to produce CaC6H5O7, and partly produce calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel, which interacted with each other to form a dense layered structure on the surface of the slag to prevent further intrusion of moisture into the aggregate, and further increase the volume of the aggregate, and prevent the expansion of the slag. The interaction between the two forms a dense layer structure on the surface of steel slag, which prevents further moisture intrusion into the aggregate and further improves the comprehensive performance of modified steel slag.
Advantages and optimization conditions of heat pump sludge drying: A review
Authors: Li Zhi , Gao Naiping , Liu Yue
Published: August 2024

The integration of heat pump technology into sludge drying combines heat pumps with traditional convective drying techniques. The process of moisture and apparent morphology changes during sludge convective drying is succinctly summarized from literatures. The analysis also covers the effects of drying conditions, including temperature and airflow velocity, on the energy consumption of heat pump drying. Leveraging the precise and independent control capabilities of heat pump dryers, various heat pump intermittent drying methods are compared. By adjusting drying conditions at different stages of sludge drying, a balance can be achieved between rapid external moisture diffusion and reduced energy consumption of the heat pump system.
Experiments on the effect of with and without phase change materials on the thermal performance of heat storage brick walls
Authors: Yuan Rui , Huang Yue , Chong Yutong , Liang Qingchang
Published: August 2024

As global energy supply pressures mount, the building industry faces considerable challenges in energy conservation due to significant heat loss through walls. This study examines the thermal performance of heat storage walls, specifically focusing on the influence of phase change materials (PCMs). Hollow bricks were infused with PCMs to create thermal storage bricks. Two types of walls were constructed for comparative analysis: one with conventional hollow bricks (Type 1) and another with thermal storage bricks (Type 2). Comparative experiments conducted under cold conditions revealed that Type 2 walls, containing PCMs, stored heat within 2 hours and maintained an average temperature of 17°C, indicating superior insulation capabilities. The average internal surface temperature of Type 2 walls was 1.88°C higher than that of Type 1 walls, signifying enhanced thermal insulation and reduced heat loss. Furthermore, the maximum internal surface temperature of the Type 1 wall was 15.08°C, while that of the Type 2 wall was 17.14°C. These findings suggest that the incorporation of PCMs into hollow bricks can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of buildings. The study offers valuable insights and practical guidelines for the application of heat-storing hollow bricks in energy-efficient building designs. This approach provides a cost-effective method to improve thermal performance and decrease energy consumption, contributing to the advancement of more sustainable building practices.
Experimental Study on the Heat Storage Characteristics of Solid Heat Storage Materials under Low Pressure Environment
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Chen Mengdong , Deng Zhanfeng , Zhao Wenqiang , Ma Runsheng
Published: August 2024

This article establishes an experimental platform for study of the thermal storage characteristics of solid thermal storage materials in low pressure environments. The experimental results show that under the influence of the thermal inertia of the heating section in low pressure environments, the thermal storage rates of thermal storage materials first increase to the peak, and then gradually decrease with the increase or decrease of the temperature of the thermal storage bricks. Air pressure has a significant impact on the heat storage rate of thermal bricks: compared to a 101kPa atmospheric pressure environment, under the same heating temperature, the heat storage time of 80kPa and 40kPa is significantly increased, and the lower the air pressure, the longer the heat storage time required.
Complexity in Mosaic Form: From living beings to ethics
Authors: Chapouthier Georges
Published: August 2024

The living world is comprised of beings with degrees of complexity developing in sequential stages, ranging from cellular organelles through cells, organs and organisms to animal populations, doing so in accordance with the repeated application of two basic principles: juxtaposition of entities arising from the same stage, then integration of these entities to produce a higher stage. As for a mosaic art work, the newly formed stage still leaves a degree of autonomy for the entities of the previous stage that combine to form the mosaic. The same mosaic-type construction can be used to describe mental processes in the living world, e.g. memory, cultural habits, consciousness, language, literature and even ethics.
Synergistic optimization control of blast furnace coal injection based on raceway state feedback
Authors: Xiong Pengcheng , Cui Guimei , Lv Donghao , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2024

Increasing coal and reducing coke is an important technical means to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. The blast furnace ironmaking process is characterized by large time lag and nonlinearity, and also a lack of information in the manual collaborative operation mode for increasing coal and reducing coke, which leads to the problem that the furnace temperature is difficult to stabilize. The synergistic optimization with a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy multi-model for a state feedback is proposed. First, the process of increasing coal and reducing coke from the perspective of control is analytically described, converting the stable control problem of molten iron temperature into the tuyere raceway temperature, the state feedback of tuyere raceway temperature and hearth temperature is introduced, based on the establishment of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of the pulverized coal combustion system in the tuyere raceway, using the principle of parallel distributed compensation algorithm with the help of solving linear matrix inequality, the state feedback controller that satisfies the Lyapunov stability is designed to achieve the temperature stability, thereby ensuring the stability of blast furnace operation under all conditions. Then, the upper and lower synergistic control of increasing coal and reducing coke is realized by the principle of heat balance in high temperature zone and the rule of replacement ratio, to ensure the dynamic balance of temperature in the raceway. Finally, by comparing the simulation results, we found that the proposed method could achieve relatively high stability, meanwhile verify the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy of reducing coke.
A review of the impacts of Business Improvement Districts on crime and disorder
Authors: Moir Emily , Cairns Natalee , Prenzler Tim , Rayment-McHugh Susan
Published: August 2024

Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are an initiative adopted by some local governments, businesses, and residents to address concerns around crime and disorder in commercial areas, especially open street town centres. BIDs have become popular in the USA since the 1970s; however, no comprehensive review of evaluations has occurred to date. This paper systematically reviewed the academic literature to find 13 BID evaluations. These studies were examined in terms of their impacts on crime and disorder, displacement, and cost-effectiveness. Of the nine studies that quantitatively examined BID impacts on crime rates, eight (88%) found a reduction in one or more crime types. Six studies explored BID impacts on property crime, with all finding BIDs had a significant negative association with at least one type of property crime, with BIDs particularly effective at targeting vehicle-related offences. BIDs were also found to have a positive impact on reducing disorder and public nuisance type offences, however, had mixed evidence on violent crime, with three out of seven studies on violent crime finding BIDs can help to prevent robbery. Displacement of crime to surrounding areas was found to be rare, and the three studies that examined costs of operating BIDs all concluded they are cost-effective. The challenges of implementing BIDs are discussed, along with the implications for ongoing policy and practice development in the reduction of crime and disorder in commercial areas.
Using machine learning to provide understanding along with results
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: August 2024

A cyclical implementation of machine learning algorithms provides insights into physical mechanisms, improving efficiency.
Millikelvin confocal microscope with free-space access and high-frequency electrical control
Authors: Descamps Thomas , Liu Feng , Hangleiter Tobias , Kindel Sebastian , Kardynał Beata E. , Bluhm Hendrik
Published: August 2024

Cryogenic confocal microscopy is a powerful method for studying solid state quantum devices such as single photon sources and optically controlled qubits. While the vast majority of such studies have been conducted at temperatures of a few Kelvin, experiments involving fragile quantum effects often require lower operating temperatures. To also allow for electrical dynamic control, microwave connectivity is required. For polarization-sensitive studies, free space optical access is advantageous compared to fiber coupling. Here we present a confocal microscope in a dilution refrigerator providing all the above features at temperatures below 100 mK. The installed high frequency cabling meets the requirements for state-of-the-art spin qubit experiments. As another unique advantage of our system, the sample fitting inside a large puck can be exchanged while keeping the cryostat cold with minimal realignment. Assessing the performance of the instrument, we demonstrate confocal imaging, sub-nanosecond modulation of the emission wavelength of a suitable sample, and an electron temperature of 76 mK. While the instrument was constructed primarily with the development of optical interfaces to electrically controlled qubits in mind, it can be used for many experiments involving quantum transport, solid state quantum optics, and microwave-optical transducers.
Exploring the capabilities and limitations of the Van Hove function to understand directional correlations in ion movements within Li-ion battery electrolytes
Authors: Mitra Sudipta , Biswas Ranjit
Published: August 2024

Understanding microscopic directional correlations in ion movements within lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes is important because these correlations directly affect the ionic conductivity. Onsager transport coefficients are widely used to understand these correlations. On the other hand, the Van Hove function (VHF) is also capable of determining correlated motions. However, identifying various types of ion correlated motions in LIB electrolytes using VHF is not well explored. Here, we have conducted molecular dynamics simulations of a representative experimental LIB electrolyte system—lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)—at different concentrations in a (9:1 wt. %) mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate in order to explore the capabilities and limitations of using VHF to understand different types of ion correlations. We conclude that analysis of VHF can qualitatively describe both the positive correlation between cation–anion at different salt concentrations and the negative correlation between cation–cation and anion–anion present in high salt concentration, but it cannot foretell which correlation is dominating at any given electrolyte concentration. This type of quantitative information can be obtained only via Onsager’s approach. This could be seen as a limitation of relying solely on VHF to fully understand ion correlation in electrolyte media.
On non-trivial hyperbolic sets and their bifurcations in families of diffeomorphisms of a two-dimensional torus
Authors: Kazakov Alexey , Mints Dmitrii , Petrova Iuliia , Shilov Oleg
Published: August 2024

We propose a simple model—two-parameter family of diffeomorphisms of a two-dimensional torus. Combining analytical and numerical methods, we find regions in the parameter plane such that each diffeomorphism of the family is hyperbolic and describe the structure of the corresponding hyperbolic sets. We also study bifurcations on the boundaries of these regions, which lead to the change of hyperbolicity type (from Anosov diffeomorphisms to DA-diffeomorphisms).
Flow topology of deep reinforcement learning drag-reduced bluff body wakes
Authors: Amico E. , Serpieri J. , Iuso G. , Cafiero G.
Published: August 2024

The wake topology of a bluff body, representative of a commercial road vehicle, manipulated by different control laws for pulsed jets located at the trailing edges of the model is presented and discussed. The parameters of the control laws have been identified through previous work, in which a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm was trained under different conditions to achieve drag reduction first and also taking the energy budget into account. The focus of this work is to understand the mechanisms through which the DRL agent can reach the objective in four distinct cases, with different sizes of the state and reward definition. Planar and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were carried out at different planes in the body's wake. The findings suggest that, when large drag reduction conditions are achieved, the recirculating flow bubble is shortened in the streamwise direction, the wake becomes symmetrical in the streamwise-vertical plane at the symmetry station along the cross-stream direction, and there is a substantial pressure recovery at the base of the model. In these conditions, the wake topology drastically changes with respect to that of the natural case. Conversely, when the energy budget is introduced, the modification of the recirculating flow bubble is smaller as a consequence of the reduced actuation. This study, thus, while complementing previous work with flow physics analyses, gives valuable insights on the wake topologies to aim for when targeting pressure drag reduction through active flow control strategies.
Systematic soliton shape modulation by engineering superposed plane wave and soliton parameters
Authors: Talukdar Sagardeep , Dutta Riki , Kumar Saharia Gautam , Nandy Sudipta
Published: August 2024

We investigate the linear interference of a plane wave with different localized waves using the coupled Fokas–Lenells equation (FLE) with four-wave mixing term. We obtain the localized wave solution of the coupled FLE by linear superposition of two distinctly independent wave solutions, namely, the plane wave and one soliton solution and the plane wave and two soliton solution. We obtain several nonlinear profiles depending on the relative phase induced by soliton parameters. We present a systematic analysis of the linear interference profile under four different conditions on the spatial and temporal phase coefficients of interfering waves. We further investigate the interaction of two soliton solution and a plane wave. In this case, we find that, asymptotically, two soliton profiles may be similar or different from each other depending on the choices of soliton parameters in the two cases. The present analysis may also be applied to study the linear interference pattern of other localized waves. We believe that the results obtained by us shall be useful in soliton control, all-optical switching, and optical computing.
Tailoring band structures and photocatalytic overall water splitting in a two-dimensional GaN/black phosphorus heterojunction: First-principles calculations
Authors: Hao Xiaodong , Ma Qiheng , Zhang Xishuo , Wang Jiahui , Yin Deqiang , Ma Shufang , Xu Bingshe
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of biaxial strain on monolayer black phosphorus (BP) through first-principles calculations, confirming its stability and subsequently modifying its photocatalytic performance. Under biaxial strain, BP exhibits a direct bandgap suitable for photocatalytic hydrogen production during water splitting, albeit with limitations due to its valence band maximum edge. A distinctive GaN/BP heterojunction is proposed, featuring a direct bandgap and advantageous band edge positions conducive to efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting. Under the influence of biaxial strain, the heterojunction type undergoes a transition from direct type-I to direct type-II and Z, augmenting the separation of photoexcited electrons and holes and markedly enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Furthermore, the heterojunction exhibits commendable capabilities in absorbing visible light. This research provides a promising avenue to surmount the constraints associated with monolayer BP in photocatalysis, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient photocatalytic materials.
Rotational dynamics of CNCN by p-H2 and o-H2 collision at interstellar temperatures
Authors: Kushwaha Apoorv , Chahal Pooja , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: August 2024

The rotational dynamics of isocyanogen (CNCN) is studied for its collision with para (p-) and ortho (o-) hydrogen (H2) in the temperature range of 1–100 K. These temperatures correspond to the cold dense molecular clouds in the interstellar medium where molecular hydrogen is the primary collider. An ab initio 4D potential energy surface (PES) is constructed keeping the two molecules under rigid rotor approximation. The PES is generated using the CCSD(T)-F12b/AVTZ level of theory. The 4D PES is further fitted into a neural network (NN) model, which can augment the surface and account for missing data points within spectroscopic accuracy. This NN-fitted PES is then expanded over a bispherical harmonics function to get radial terms, which are expressed into analytic functions. Thereafter, the cross sections (σ) are computed for rotational transitions of CNCN (j → j′) using the close-coupling and centrifugal sudden methods for both p-H2 (jc = 0) and o-H2 (jc = 1) collision till 194 cm−1. In addition, p-H2 (jc = 0, 2) cross sections are also computed using the centrifugal sudden approximation method. The collisional rates are achieved by taking the Boltzmann distribution of σ over the translational energy of H2 till 100 K. Finally, the CNCN–H2 rates are compared to CNCN–He and NCCN–H2 collisional rates. Comparing even and odd transitions for the CNCN–H2 rates show a propensity toward higher rates for even transitions especially for o-H2 collisions considering low-order transitions.
Full wave function cloning for improving convergence of the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest method: Tests in the zero-temperature spin-boson model regime
Authors: Brook Ryan , Symonds Christopher , Shalashilin Dmitrii V.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report a new algorithm for creating an adaptive basis set in the Multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) method, which is termed Full Cloning (FC), and test it together with the existing Multiple Cloning (MC) using the spin-boson model at zero-temperature as a benchmark. The zero-temperature spin-boson regime is a common hurdle in the development of methods that seek to model quantum dynamics. Two versions of MCE exist. We demonstrate that MC is vital for the convergence of MCE version 2 (MCEv2). The first version (MCEv1) converges much better than MCEv2, but FC improves its convergence in a few cases where it is hard to converge it with the help of a reasonably small size of the basis set.
Flow-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder positioned upstream of a fixed cylinder
Authors: Li Shenfang , Wang Junlei , Zhang Baoshou , Han Peng
Published: August 2024

The present work employs the immersed boundary method to perform direct simulations of flow-induced vibrations in a tandem cylinder at laminar flows, where only the upstream cylinder (UC) is allowed to vibrate. The primary focus is to elucidate the vibration response of the UC and the underlying hydrodynamic mechanisms when a fixed downstream cylinder (DC) is introduced. The results indicate that varying spacing ratios (L/D) and reduced velocities (U*) leads to both self-limiting galloping and lock-in instabilities in the UC. The resonance regions for the UC can be categorized into different regimes, such as lock-in, harmonic lock-in (HLN), upper branch, and lower branch regimes, based on various mechanisms. Notably, the vibrations in the HLN regime are distinct from the traditional lock-in observed in a bare cylinder, with the oscillation frequency locking onto the higher-order fluid force frequency and the occurrence of larger amplitudes. Regarding the interference galloping instability, we show that the self-limiting amplitude is related to the vortex shedding points on either side of the DC. The introduction of a fixed DC results in the observation of six vortex shedding modes: C(2S), 2S, P+T, 2T, 2P, and Aperiodic. Among these, weak vortices in the 2P mode are found to suppress the vibration amplitude. The asymmetrical and aperiodic evolution of the wake flow generates even-order fluid forces. Furthermore, an analysis of the energy transfer indicates that the tandem cylinders exhibit high fluid kinetic energy conversion ability over a wide range of U*−L/D.
A deep learning-based algorithm for rapid tracking and monitoring of gas–liquid two-phase bubbly flow bubbles
Authors: Fang Lide , Lei Yiming , Ning Jianan , Zhang Jingchi , Feng Yue
Published: August 2024

Gas–liquid two-phase bubbly flow has significant applications across multiple fields, including reactor design and separation processes in chemical engineering, oil well extraction and pipeline transportation in the oil and gas industry, cooling systems in the nuclear industry, and wastewater treatment in environmental engineering. Bubble monitoring is crucial in these applications as it can enhance mass and heat transfer efficiency, improve flow stability, and ensure the safe operation of systems. This study developed an advanced algorithm aimed at precisely detecting and segmenting small bubbles at the gas–liquid interface using semantic segmentation techniques. This technology leverages deep learning models to analyze images, automatically identifying bubbles at the gas–liquid interface and accurately delineating their boundaries. The technique provides precise contours for each bubble, offering essential foundational data for further bubble dynamics analysis. Building on this, the deep learning detection algorithm was combined with the Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metric (DeepSORT) algorithm, tracking algorithm, enabling the system to rapidly and accurately identify and track the movement of the same bubble across consecutive frames.
IL-1 receptor antagonism reveals a yin-yang relationship between NFκB and interferon signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Luo YuXuan , Su BoYang , Hung Vincent , Luo YuHan , Shi Yonghong , Wang Guizhi , de Graaf Dennis , Dinarello Charles A. , Spaner David E.
Published: August 2024

Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a pathogenic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that is not addressed specifically by current therapies. NFκB is activated by inflammatory factors that stimulate toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors for interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members. IL-1 is considered a master regulator of inflammation, and IL-1 receptor signaling is inhibited by the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. These considerations suggested that anakinra might have a role in the treatment of CLL. Consistent with this idea, anakinra inhibited spontaneous and TLR7-mediated activation of the canonical NFκB pathway in CLL cells in vitro. However, CLL cells exhibited only weak signaling responses to IL-1 itself, and anakinra was found to inhibit NFκB along with oxidative stress in an IL-1 receptor-independent manner. Anakinra was then administered with minimal toxicity to 11 previously untreated CLL patients in a phase I dose-escalation trial (NCT04691765). A stereotyped clinical response was observed in all patients. Anakinra lowered blood lymphocytes and lymph node sizes within the first month that were associated with downregulation of NFκB and oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. However, inhibition of NFκB was accompanied by upregulation of type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling, c-MYC-regulated genes and proteins, and loss of the initial clinical response. Anakinra increased IFN signaling and survival of CLL cellsÂ in vitroÂ that were, respectively, phenocopied by mitochondrial antioxidants and reversed by IFN receptor blocking antibodies. These observations suggest that anakinra has activity in CLL and may be a useful adjunct for conventional therapies as long as compensatory IFN signaling is blocked at the same time.
A diachronic corpus-pragmatic approach to democratization
Authors: Seoane Elena , Loureiro-Porto Lucía
Published: August 2024

Democratization is often invoked as an explanatory factor for diachronic linguistic developments. We believe that
at the root of democratization often lies the pragmatic negotiation of power relations, whereby a more democratic use of language
can reduce the distance between addresser and addressee. This article examines the evolution of power relations in the New
York Times editorials from 1860 to 1979 as represented in COHA. After a quantitative analysis of the evolution of
three pragmatic variables that index democratization, the study offers a qualitative analysis with the aim of anchoring them to
the situational context of newspaper editorials, especially regarding the power relations negotiated in this register over time.
This paper also examines the impact of socio-historical events on the evolution of power relations and shows that they are
intimately linked.
Solving the area-length systems in discrete gravity using homotopy continuation
Authors: Asante Seth K , Brysiewicz Taylor
Published: August 2024

Area variables are intrinsic to connection formulations of general relativity, in contrast to the fundamental length variables prevalent in metric formulations. Within 4D discrete gravity, particularly based on triangulations, the area-length system establishes a relationship between area variables associated with triangles and the edge length variables. This system is comprised of polynomial equations derived from Heron’s formula, which relates the area of a triangle to its edge lengths. Using tools from numerical algebraic geometry, we study the area-length systems. In particular, we show that given the ten triangular areas of a single 4-simplex, there could be up to 64 compatible sets of edge lengths. Moreover, we show that these 64 solutions do not, in general, admit formulae in terms of the areas by analyzing the Galois group, or monodromy group, of the problem. We show that by introducing additional symmetry constraints, it is possible to obtain such formulae for the edge lengths. We take the first steps toward applying our results within discrete quantum gravity, specifically for effective spin foam models.
Understanding molecular geometric phase effects with exact effective force: case study of a model system
Authors: Li Ye , Wang Zixuan , Li Chen
Published: August 2024

In this work, molecular geometric phase effects are studied using the idea of exact factorization (EF) (Abedi et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett.
105 123002) and exact effective force (Li et al 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 113001). In particular, we performed dynamics simulations for a two-state vibronic coupling model, and interpreted the results in three different perspectives: the Born–Huang expansion, the exact time-dependent potential energy surface (TDPES) and the exact effective force. We find that (i) at particular moment, while the vanishing nuclear density that occurs periodically in space is conventionally attributed to destructive interference of the nuclear wave packet owing to the geometric phase, such phenomenon can be equally well interpreted through the energy perspective, as manifested in the exact TDPES in the EF scheme; (ii) when combined with trajectory-based classical dynamics, the exact effective force obtained through EF qualitatively reproduces the correct nuclear density, while the adiabatic force gives the wrong density, particularly in the interference region. Our results suggest that the exact effective force is a potential starting point for making approximations and improving trajectory-based computational methods towards an accurate description of geometric phase effects.
Dimensional analysis and logarithmic functions
Authors: Bierman Jeffrey , Kincanon Eric
Published: August 2024

Students are often confused by units when dealing with a logarithmic function. This is frequently dealt with by stating that the function gives a unitless result. Though correct, it does not address the deeper question of why the logarithm is unitless and how a graphical analysis involving logarithms can lead to unitless results that depend on the original data’s units. This paper explains this by considering the logarithm as a transcendental function and how that relates to the determination of units.
Topological Anderson phases in heat transport
Authors: Gao He , Xu Guoqiang , Zhou Xue , Yang Shuihua , Su Zhongqing , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: August 2024

Topological Anderson phases (TAPs) offer intriguing transitions from ordered to disordered systems in photonics and acoustics. However, achieving these transitions often involves cumbersome structural modifications to introduce disorders in parameters, leading to limitations in flexible tuning of topological properties and real-space control of TAPs. Here, we exploit disordered convective perturbations in a fixed heat transport system. Continuously tunable disorder-topology interactions are enabled in thermal dissipation through irregular convective lattices. In the presence of a weak convective disorder, the trivial diffusive system undergos TAP transition, characterized by the emergence of topologically protected corner modes. Further increasing the strength of convective perturbations, a second phase transition occurs converting from TAP to Anderson phase. Our work elucidates the pivotal role of disorders in topological heat transport and provides a novel recipe for manipulating thermal behaviors in diverse topological platforms.
Larmor power limit for cyclotron radiation of relativistic particles in a waveguide
Authors: Buzinsky N , Taylor R J , Byron W , DeGraw W , Dodson B , Fertl M , García A , Goodson A P , Graner B , Harrington H , Hayen L , Malavasi L , McClain D , Melconian D , Müller P , Novitski E , Oblath N S , Robertson R G H , Rybka G , Savard G , Smith E , Stancil D D , Storm D W , Swanson H E , Tedeschi J R , VanDevender B A , Wietfeldt F E , Young A R
Published: August 2024

Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a modern technique for high-precision energy spectroscopy, in which the energy of a charged particle in a magnetic field is measured via the frequency of the emitted cyclotron radiation. The He6-CRES collaboration aims to use CRES to probe beyond the standard model physics at the TeV scale by performing high-resolution and low-background beta-decay spectroscopy of

6

He

and

19

Ne

. Having demonstrated the first observation of individual, high-energy (0.1–2.5 MeV) positrons and electrons via their cyclotron radiation, the experiment provides a novel window into the radiation of relativistic charged particles in a waveguide via the time-derivative (slope) of the cyclotron radiation frequency,

d

f

c

/

d

t

. We show that analytic predictions for the total cyclotron radiation power emitted by a charged particle in circular and rectangular waveguides are approximately consistent with the Larmor formula, each scaling with the Lorentz factor of the underlying

e
±

as γ
4. This hypothesis is corroborated with experimental CRES slope data.