bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis in the Bone Marrow: A Case Report
Authors: Saenglootong Lickhasit , Insiripong Somchai
Published: March 2019

Mycobacterium tuberculosis of bone marrow that is considered one of the rare extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Herein we report one case of tuberculosis of the bone marrow. A 82-year-old Thai woman presented with fever, fatigue, and weight loss of 4 kg in one month. The physical examination revealed only pallor and the ejection murmur at the upper parasternal border. Her chest film was unremarkable but the computed tomography of the chest revealed the reticular infiltration at both lower lungs and multiple small mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Although her blood smear did not show the leukoerythroblastic blood picture with the tear drop red blood cells (RBCs) or pancytopenia, her bone marrow biopsy showed a few granulomas with positive acid fast bacilli (AFB). The common risk factors such as diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, low CD4 counts, chronic kidney disease, malnutrition, and immunosuppressant therapy which might contribute her to be vulnerable to TB, were not found. The definite diagnosis was TB in the bone marrow and she clinically responded well to the 4-drug antituberculous regimen. Our case suggests that even though the leukoerythroblastosis with the tear drop RBCs or pancytopenia, the clues of the bone marrow involvement, is not found, the study of the bone marrow should not be precluded from the plan of the investigations for the diagnosis in a case of fever of unknown origin.
AS CEASAS NO CONTEXTO DA REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Queiroz Thiago Augusto Nogueira de
Published: March 2019

As Centrais de Abastecimento Alimentar S.A, as Ceasas, são pontos ou lugares no território que promoveram e promovem uma reestruturação econômica, política e cultural no território, principalmente no que tange à circulação de hortifrutigranjeiros no Brasil. As Ceasas compõem, assim, uma rede que gera uma rede de circulação de frutas, legumes e verduras, que reestrutura, reformula e refuncionaliza o território. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar a função das centrais de abastecimento alimentar na reestruturação do território brasileiro. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: a revisão de literatura em livros, teses, dissertações, monografias e artigos; a pesquisa documental junto à Associação Brasileira das Centrais de Abastecimento (Abracen). Além disso foi feito um estudo de caso da Central de Abastecimento S.A. do Rio Grande do Norte (Ceasa-RN) e a reestruturação da circulação de alimentos no território potiguar. Os resultados mostraram que as Ceasas foram responsáveis por uma reestruturação da circulação de frutas, legumes e verduras no Brasil. Tal fato é perceptível no caso da Ceasa-RN que abastece hipermercados, supermercados atacadistas e supermercados varejistas, além de feiras livres de Natal e da Região Metropolitana, desde a década de 1970. A compreensão das centrais de abastecimento alimentar serve para o ordenamento e planejamento da circulação de hortifrutigranjeiros no território brasileiro e especificamente no território potiguar.

Palavras-chave: Ceasas. Reestruturação. Território.
Determination of relative response factors of the opium alkaloids with HPLC-DAD
Authors: Acevska Jelena , Stefkov Gjoshe , Nakov Natalija , Karapandzova Marija , Kulevanova Svetlana , Dimitrovska Aneta
Published: March 2019

In this work, a convenient method for determination of relative UV response factors (RRFs) of morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, noscapine and papaverine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) was presented. Pholcodine was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors of the alkaloids. The separation of all seven compounds was obtained with optimized gradient elution with high pH value of the mobile phase on a reversed phase column with bidentate C18-C18 bonding technology. The RRFs of the alkaloids were determinate by three different approaches: ‘regression analysis/mass concentration’, ‘regression analysis/molar concentration’and ‘detector sensitivity’ approaches. The ‘regression analysis/molar concentration’ approach gave the accurate approximation of the exact amount of the substance that enters in the detector and the statistically relevant calculation includes several points of different concentrations (at least five), which makes this approach most advantageous one. This method is suitable for quality assessment of the standardised opium dry extract, raw opium and standardised opium tincture by quantitative analysis of not only morphine and codeine as indicated in the respective European Pharmacopoeia monographs, but as well as the major impurities that originate from opium poppy Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae).
“In-house” preparation of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a specific targeting agent for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
Authors: Kuzmanovska Sonja , Vaskova Olivija , Zdraveska Kocovska Marina
Published: March 2019

The use of radiolabeled peptide ligands as diagnostics and therapeutics in nuclear oncology has increased recently. One of the most frequently used radiopharmaceutical is 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a somatostatin analog with affinity for certain types of somatostatin receptors, overexpressed in tumors of neuroendocrine origin. The radiopharmaceutical is not readily available; therefore we introduced its “in house” preparation within project activities supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). We optimized the radiolabeling protocol, prepared a small batch of frozen kits, performed ITLC quality control and animal biodistribution during the preclinical evaluation procedures. The co-ligand exchange labeling procedure was carried out at 100°C during 10 min, resulting in radiochemical purity >90%. The biodistribution scintigrams in normal Wistar rats showed rapid blood clearance after 15 min and predominant kidney accumulation after 4 h, in accordance with the data reported by other authors. Storage stability of the formulated small batch frozen kit (-20°C) was evaluated within 6 months, with radiolabeling yield ranging between 94,3% and 96,9%. We conclude that frozen kit can be a safe alternative to the freeze-dried for small batch in house production, and after the satisfactory preclinical evaluation, the “in house” prepared 99mTc-EDDA/ HYNIC-TOC can be introduced in clinical practice as specific targeting agent for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.
INTENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN MAHASISWA (STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA MAHASISWA PTS DAN PTN)
Authors: Wahyuningsih Tri Harsini
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa, dengan membandingkan antara mahasiswa yang kuliah di perguruan tinggi swasta (PTS) dan perguruan tinggi negeri (PTN). Pengambilan sampel dengan insidental sampling. Setelah memperoleh data dengan menyebarkan kuesioner, kemudian mengolahnya, diketemukan bahwa kebutuhan akan prestasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa, sedangkan efikasi diri berpengaruh positif terhadap intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa, baik untuk mahasiswa yang kuliah di PTS maupun PTN. Efikasi diri terbukti sebagai faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa di kedua jenis perguruan tinggi (PT) tersebut. Kesiapan instrumentasi berpengaruh positif terhadap intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa PTN, namun tidak berpengaruh bagi mahasiswa PTS. Tanpa membedakan asal PT, kebutuhan akan prestasi juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa, sedangkan efikasi diri dan kesiapan instrumentasi berpengaru hpositif terhadap intensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Berdasarkan kondisi demografis, perbedaan temuan antara mahasiswa PTS dan PTN hanya pada faktor jenis kelamin dan usia. Untuk PTS, mahasiswa laki-laki dan berusia tua memiliki intensi kewirausahaan yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan untuk PTN sebaliknya. Sementara itu, mahasiswa yang berlatarbelakang pendidikan ekonomi, berpengalaman kerja, dan orangtuanya wirausaha memiliki intensi kewirausahaan lebih tinggi, baik untuk mahasiswa PTS maupun PTN.Kata Kunci: Intensi Kewirausahaan; Kebutuhan Akan Prestasi; Efikasi Diri; Kesiapan Instrumentasi
PERILAKU KELUARGA DALAM MENCARI PENGOBATAN BAGI ANGGOTA KELUARGA YANG MENGALAMI GANGGUAN JIWA
Authors: Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHMental disorders cases in Pati still high. Families providing support in the treatment process in different ways. This study aimed to analyze the family behavior in seeking treatment of mental disorders in Pati. This research used qualitative descriptive methods. The primary data obtained from interviewed by informant consisted of families, community leaders and health workers. Results the study showed that family seeking behavior is diifferent. Some, are still found families which looking for traditional treatment to shamans because ignorance factor that causes mental disorders. Treatment with various shamans did not provide a cure, then the people used modern medical system, that is went to the health service. Modern medical treatment provide healing, but people with mental disorders relaps after back into the family and community. INDONESIAKasus gangguan jiwa di Kabupaten Pati masih tinggi. Keluarga penderita memberikan dukungan dalam proses pengobatan dengan cara yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitan untuk menganalisis perilaku keluarga dalam mencari pengobatan penderita gangguan jiwa di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap Informan terdiri dari keluarga, tokoh masyarakat dan tenaga kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku keluarga dalam mencari pegobatan penderita gangguan jiwa berbeda-beda. Sebagian, masih ditemukan keluarga yang mencari pengobatan secara tradisional ke dukun karena faktor ketidaktahuan penyebab terjadinya gangguan jiwa. Pengobatan dengan berbagai dukun ternyata tidak memberikan kesembuhan, kemudian masyarakat menggunakan sistem medis modern, yaitu berobat ke pelayanan kesehatan. Pengobatan dengan medis modern memberikan kesembuhan, tetapi setelah penderita gangguan jiwa kembali ke lingkungan keluarga dan masyarakat kembali mengalami kekambuhan.
RANTAI PEMASARAN IKAN PINDANG DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Damayanti Herna Octivia
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHA good pattern marketing chain can determine the smoothness of product distribution and becomes the determinant of continuity and development of an industry. Boiled fish industry is the second largest fish processing industry in Pati Regency. The objective of this research is to determine the pattern of boiled fish marketing chain in Pati regency on household, small, medium and large industrial scales. This research used descriptive method and was held on March 2014. Location of the research in Juwana and Dukuhseti subdistrict. Primary data was obtained through interviews with informants, i.e. the owners of boiled fish industries on households, small, medium and large scales. Data was analyzed descriptively. Result of the research is there are two types of boiled fish marketing chain in Pati regency, i.e. direct marketing is called zero level channel (households and small industry scales) and marketing through intermediaries that consist of first channel or three level channel (household industry scale); the second channel or one level channel (scale households and small industries); and the third channel or two levels channel (scale medium and large industrial). INDONESIARantai pemasaran yang terpola dengan baik dapat menentukan kelancaran distribusi produk dan menjadi penentu keberlangsungan hidup dan perkembangan suatu industri. Industri ikan pindang merupakan industri pengolahan ikan kedua terbesar di Kabupaten Pati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola rantai pemasaran ikan pindang yang ada di Kabupaten Pati pada skala industri rumah tangga, kecil, sedang dan besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan dilaksanakan bulan Maret 2014. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Juwana dan Dukuhseti. Data primer didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan informan/pengusaha ikan pindang skala rumah tangga, kecil, sedang dan besar. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah rantai pemasaran ikan pindang di Kabupaten Pati terdapat dalam dua jenis yaitu pemasaran secara langsung disebut saluran nol tingkat (skala industri rumah tangga dan kecil) dan pemasaran melalui perantara terdapat dalam bentuk saluran pertama disebut saluran tiga tingkat (skala industri rumah tangga); bentuk saluran kedua disebut saluran satu tingkat (skala industri rumah tangga dan kecil); bentuk saluran ketiga disebut saluran dua tingkat (skala industri sedang dan besar).
KETERSEDIAAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) DALAM MENOPANG KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHChili peppers contain several nutrition and vitamins. This research aimed to analyze the availability and price movements of chili pepper in Pati Regency. It used descriptive approach and data were sourced primary and secondary. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and statistical test. The results of research were: the availability of chili pepper in the last five years was 2,150 ton/year, while the need of chili pepper was 19,866 ton/year, so that the amount of insufficient supply of chili pepper was 17,716 ton. It proved that Pati Regency has not been yet to achieve food security for chili pepper. There was unpredictable price fluctuation of chili pepper from January to December 2014. At the beginning of the year the price of chili pepper was Rp 26,975/kg, in the midyear, it was Rp 8,276/kg, while in the end in the end of the year, it was 53,901/kg. INDONESIACabai memiliki banyak kandungan gizi dan vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan dan perkembangan harga cabai merah di Kabupaten Pati. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif, dengan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dengan cara deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan cabai merah rata-rata 5 tahun terakhir 2.150 ton, kebutuhan cabai merah 19.866 ton sehingga terjadi minus 17.716 ton, oleh sebab itu Kabupaten Pati belum mencapai ketahanan pangan dibidang cabai merah, dan perkembangan harga cabai selama tahun 2014 (Januari-Desember) mengalami fluktuasi yang sangat signifikan sehingga sulit diprediksi, hal ini terlihat pada awal tahun harganya Rp 26.975/kg, pertengahan tahun Rp 8.276/kg dan pada akhir tahun mencapai Rp 53.901/kg.
UPACARA ADAT DALAM PERAWATAN MATERNAL DI DESA JRAHI DAN DESA PAKEM
Authors: Aeni Nurul
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHCultural ceremony is one representative of culture possessed by particular community. This research aimed to describe cultural ceremonies held by Jrahi and Pakem Village in Pati Regency. It used qualitatitive approach and primary data that were obtained by observation and in-dept interview. Informants were cultural figures from Jrahi and Pakem Village. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of research are: (1) Cultural ceremonies held by Jrahi and Pakem communities source from Javanese Culture; (2) Cultural ceremony held during pregnancy is mitoni or tingkeban, while those held during after birt care are krayanan, sepasar bayi, and selapan bayi; (3) There are some differences on appliance of cultural ceremony. Community of Pakem Village makes changes, so that they form new habits, although those do not deviate from its basic culture. INDONESIAUpacara adat merupakan salah satu representasi budaya yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan upacara adat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Jrahi dan Desa Pakem selama masa kehamilan hingga pascapersalinan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan data primer yang didapatkan melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Informan penelitian adalah tokoh adat di Desa Jrahi dan Desa Pakem. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) Upacara adat di Desa Jrahi dan Desa Pakem yang dilakukan pada masa perawatan maternal bersumber dari Budaya Jawa; (2) Upacara adat yang dilakukan selama kehamilan adalah mitoni, sedangkan pada masa nifas, upacara adat yang dilakukan adalah krayanan, sepasar bayi, dan selapan bayi; (3) Terdapat perbedaan dalam pelaksanaan upacara adat di Desa Jrahi dan Desa Pakem, dimana Masyarakat Desa Pakem melakukan perubahan sehingga terbentuk kebiasaan baru, walaupun tidak menyimpang dari budaya asal.
Sándor Ferenczi, Géza Róheim and the University of Budapest, 1918–19
Authors: Erős Ferenc
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the prehistory and the circumstances of Sándor Ferenczi's university career, and also discusses the university affairs of another prominent Hungarian psychoanalyst, Géza Róheim. Ferenczi's application for lectureship at the Medical Faculty was refused by the conservative professors in 1913. However, after the revolution in 1918 the university students themselves demanded Ferenczi's invitation to teach at the university. The Faculty resisted again, but finally, in April 1919 Ferenczi was appointed as professor Chair of Psychoanalytic Studies and Psychoanalytic Clinic of the Medical Faculty of the Budapest University. His appointment was confirmed by the Communist government, which came to power in March 1919. Róheim's application for lectureship was also refused, by the Philosophical Faculty, in 1917. In contrast to various legends, Róheim was not rewarded with a university chair in 1919, although he gave lectures on anthropology for different audiences and supported the cultural politics of the Councils' Republic.
Michael Balint's Word Trail: The ‘Ocnophil’, the ‘Philobat’ and Creative Dyads
Authors: Soreanu Raluca
Published: March 2019

In this paper, I discuss how Michael Balint arrived at the concepts of ‘ocnophil’ and ‘philobat’, which refer to two kinds of object relations. I look at the correspondence between Balint and the classical scholar David Eichholz. The two crafted these words together in a passionate exchange of letters. By recognizing the importance of creative dyads in psychoanalysis, we gain more insight into the creation of psychoanalytic knowledge beyond the frame of individual authorship. I read the collaboration between Balint and Eichholz in its historical and theoretical context, particularly in relation to the Budapest School of psychoanalysis, where intellectual collaborations had an important place. The Budapest School was Michael Balint's first home, and it shaped his epistemic and psychoanalytic style. Balint constructed his psychoanalytic theories in a spirit of openness, maintaining a commitment to conversations between psychoanalysis and other disciplines.
Resonance effects in photonic crystals and metamaterials: (100th anniversary of the Ioffe Institute)
Authors: Rybin M V , Limonov M F
Published: March 2019

We review experimental and theoretical studies of resonance effects in electromagnetic spectra of various photonic structures. We briefly present the history of research areas related to photonic crystals and metamaterials. Considered initially as two different classes of human-made objects, they are now more and more frequently analyzed from a common perspective. We focus on the phase transition between the photonic crystal and metamaterial, which is accompanied by the emergence of negative permeability in a purely dielectric 2D structure. The main mechanisms that drive the resonant processes related to extended (i.e., nonlocal) Bragg resonances in photonic crystals and local resonances on individual structural elements of metamaterials are considered. We discuss in detail the electromagnetic properties of weakly absorbing dielectric particles with a high refractive index that exhibit, in addition to electrical resonances, intensive magnetic Mie resonances. The importance of this area is determined by the vast amount of research that aims to create the elemental base of photonics.
Mysteries of diamond synthesis at the Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
Authors: Stishov S M
Published: March 2019

A history of diamond synthesis at the Institute of High Pressure Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (IHPP), is described based on archival materials. Many details of those events are still unclear. In particular, it is not known what IHPP researcher was the first to see in his apparatus the first diamond synthesized in the USSR. Nor is it entirely clear why the high-pressure group at the Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, which was quite close to success, was ruthlessly liquidated. The history described allows the reader to better understand the organization of science in the USSR that is often idealized nowadays.
Gambaran Radiologi Sinovial Kondromatosis pada Sendi Siku Wanita Muda
Authors: Debyanti Merliana , Supriatna Yana , Supriadi Bambang
Published: March 2019

Synovial condromatosis, focus of cartilage which develops in synovial, bursa or tendon, is a sub-sinovial connective tissue metaplasia. Frequently seen in the knee (70%), male predominance (4 times higher), and old age. CT identifes intra-articular calcifcation fragments and extrinsic bone erosion. MRI exhibits hyaline cartilage non-calcifed neoplasia with T2 hyperintense and T1 iso-hypointense.We report a girl 29 years-old who complained of lumps, pains, and limited movement of the right elbow. CT found multiple calcifcation in synovial, MRI revealed 12x12x8 cm T2 hyperintense and T1 iso-hypointense nodule, without expansion. FNAB and cytology of joint ?uid show no sign of malignancy. Thus synovial condromatosis can occur in the elbow joint of young women, which is a rare case.
Healthcare Big Data and Pain Management: A Look into the Epidemic
Authors: Ann Alexander Cheryl
Published: March 2019

Healthcare is a complex combination of system engineering and clinical science which includes many aspects of care and numerous types of professionals, including clinical providers, information technologists, data scientists, insurance professionals, pharmacists, etc. Clinical care in system engineering should be evidence-based and have a wide research base to ensure quality care. Medical professionals, patients, technologies, insurance, policies and standards, etc. ensure quality care in system healthcare engineering.
Duelos Familiares o Colectivos. Diseño de una Escala de Actitudes hacia los Niños en Procesos de Duelo
Authors: Villacieros Marta , Bermejo Higuera José Carlos , Magaña Loarte Marisa
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Diseño y validación de una escala breve de actitudes de los adultos hacia los niños en los procesos de duelo familiares o colectivos.Método: Se obtuvieron 227 cuestionarios válidos, 86% (191) mujeres y 14% (31) hombres, con una edad media de 41 años. A partir de 50 ítems evaluando las actitudes de los adultos hacia los niños en situación de duelo, se realizó un análisis de normalidad de las variables, de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach) y un análisis factorial exploratorio (mínimos cuadrados generalizados y rotación ortogonal). Para valorar la bondad de ajuste se utilizaron los índices Chi-cuadrado, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) y el análisis de residuos.Resultados: Se eliminaron los ítems que no cumplieron: el criterio laxo de normalidad (asimetría < 2 y curtosis < 7), el índice de homogeneidad corregida > .5 y el de comunalidad > .5. La escala obtenida, de 14 ítems, explica un 47% de la variabilidad, incluyendo 2 factores (Esconder mi dolor y Evitar su dolor) con Chi-cuadrado/grados de libertad = 1.7, RMSEA = 0.059 y 18% de residuos; encontrándose diferencias significativas (p < .05) entre los niveles de formación (Media de bachillerato de 35.38, de FP de 30.88, y de universidad de 27.38).Conclusiones: Se ha conseguido una esta escala breve que mide las actitudes del objetivo y evidenciándose la tendencia de los adultos a evitar que los niños participen del duelo familiar
Review of Task Analysis Research of Significant Events in Psychotherapy
Authors: Benítez-Ortega José Luis , Garrido-Fernández Miguel
Published: March 2019

Task analysis is a process and outcome research method in psychotherapy proposed by Greenberg (1975). This method is intended to a) check the efficacy of a specific technique as applied to a certain in-session event; b) clarify the elements and the process that makes such an intervention effective; c) assess how much the solution of that event contributes to the overall treatment success. The task-analyzed interventions are described at a micro-process level, which facilitates reliable training and the practice of effective techniques applied to a wide range of key events of the psychotherapeutic process. GOAL: To compile and organize all tasks analyzed to date in order to facilitate access to this training and practice resource. METHOD: Literature review of task analysis research programs carried out to date. RESULTS: Thirty-seven task analysis research programs analyzing significant events from the perspective of several psychotherapy models and settings were found. Only five of these have been completed to date, but twenty-six have produced effective intervention models. CONCLUSIONS: Although task analysis is a very expensive psychotherapy research method, it generates highly valuable resources for practice and training in psychotherapy. Every task analysis which has completed the discovery phase produce a refined and empirically supported intervention model.
DISCUSSION OF THINKING DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Sakun Ayta
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problem of thinking in its relationship with language processes, such as formation of words and concepts. Transition from a thought to a word and form concepts to thinking is a complex process that is carried out internally and indirectly. A complete understanding of another thought becomes possible through the disclosure of its effectual, affective and volitional basis. It is emphasized in the article that the concept of "bricolage" can help to understand the essence of thinking. The development of thinking and language in their interconnection is included in the context of consciousness, which in its turn reveals the meanings continuously and in new ways.
Solid-phase synthesis of biaryl bicyclic peptides containing a 3-aryltyrosine or a 4-arylphenylalanine moiety
Authors: Ng-Choi Iteng , Oliveras Àngel , Feliu Lidia , Planas Marta
Published: March 2019

A methodology for the solid-phase synthesis of biaryl bicyclic peptides containing a Phe-Phe, a Phe-Tyr or a Tyr-Tyr motif has been devised. This approach comprises two key steps. The first one involves the cyclization of a linear peptidyl resin containing the corresponding halo- and boronoamino acids via a microwave-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling. This step is followed by the macrolactamization of the resulting biaryl monocyclic peptidyl resin leading to the formation of the expected biaryl bicyclic peptide. This study provides the first solid-phase synthesis of this type of bicyclic compounds being amenable to prepare a diversity of synthetic or natural biaryl bicyclic peptides.
Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts with an N→Ru coordinate bond in a six-membered ring. Synthesis of stable, industrially scalable, highly efficient ruthenium metathesis catalysts and 2-vinylbenzylamine ligands as their precursors
Authors: Polyanskii Kirill B , Alekseeva Kseniia A , Raspertov Pavel V , Kumandin Pavel A , Nikitina Eugeniya V , Gurbanov Atash V , Zubkov Fedor Ivanovich
Published: March 2019

A novel and efficient approach to the synthesis of 2-vinylbenzylamines is reported. This involves obtaining 2-vinylbenzylamine ligands from tetrahydroisoquinoline by alkylation and reduction followed by the Hofmann cleavage. The resultant 2-vinylbenzylamines allowed us to obtain new Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts, which were thoroughly characterised by NMR, ESIMS, and X-ray crystallography. The utility of this chemistry is further demonstrated by the tests of the novel catalysts (up to 10−2mol %) in different metathesis reactions such as cross metathesis (CM), ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and ring-opening cross metathesis (ROCM).
Inconsistencies of the Consistency test
Authors: Moroney Mary
Published: March 2019

The Consistency test from Dayal 2004—inspired by Löbner’s (1985) logical property of Consistency—has been used to distinguish between demonstratives and definite determiners in a language, particularly in a type-shifting analysis of bare nouns following Chierchia 1998 and Dayal 2004. This paper looks at three classifier languages, Nuosu Yi (Jiang 2018), Thai (Jenks 2015), and Shan (Moroney 2018) and examines the use of the Consistency test in the study of N/DP syntax and semantics. While the Consistency test can identify demonstratives from their ability to shift reference using deixis, it cannot identify when a nominal expression ‘counts’ as a definite determiner.
SPECTRAL METHOD FOR NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF DERIVATIVES IN DIGITAL PROCESSING OF SUBSURFACE RADAR SOUNDING SIGNALS
Authors: Grakovski A. , Alexandrov A.
Published: March 2019

The practical realization of the morphologic analysis of radar subsurface as the processing of input digital data is presented here together with real data processing results. The analysis depends on a new numerical differentiation algorithm in frequency domain. It is compared with a central finite differences scheme and results of computations demonstrate approximately 80‐times decrease of the maximum errors.

Straipsnyje nagrinejama radaro popaviršutiniu signalu skaitinio duomenu apdorojimo morfologines analizes praktine realizacija, kai skaitiniai duomenys apdorojami kartu su realiais duomenimis. Analize remiasi skaitinio deferenciavimo algoritmu dažniu srityje. Ji lyginama su centrine baigtiniu skirtumu schema ir demonstruoja vidutiniškai 80 kartu mažesne skaičiavimo paklaida.
A THIRD ORDER CORRECTION TO THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION
Authors: Jegorovs J. , Mohring J.
Published: March 2019

In this work we derive a third order correction to the classical Helmholtz equation. Starting from non-linear Euler equations and using asymptotical analysis we get a decoupled system of linear, Helmholtz type equations, which are written in terms of the acoustical pressure functions. We present also a rather simple concept of the boundary conditions. Also numerical results and accompanying difficulties are discussed and presented.

Remiantis Oilerio lygtimis ir asimptotine analize gautas Helmholco lygties trečiosios eiles patikslinimas. Akustiniam slegiui gauta Helmholco tipo lygtis bei jai išvestos salygos. Pateikti skaitinio modeliavimo rezultatai.
SOME RAPIDLY CONVERGENT METHODS FOR NONLINEAR FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATION
Authors: Kaldo I. , Vaarmann O.
Published: March 2019

Many problems in modelling can be reduced to the solution of a nonlinear equation F(x) = 0, where F is a Frechet‐differentiable (as many times as necessary) mapping between Banach spaces X and Y. For solving this equation we consider high order iteration methods of the type xk +1 =xk ‐ Q(xk, Ai k ), i ∈ I, I = {1,…, r}, r ≥ 1, k = 0, 1, …, where Q(x, Ai k ) is an operator from X into itself and Ai k, i ∈ I, are some approximations to the inverse operator(s) occurring in the associated exact method. In particular, this set of methods contains methods with successive approximation of the inverse operator(s) and those based on the use of iterative methods to obtain a cheap solution of limited accuracy for corresponding linear equation(s) at each iteration step. A convergence theorem is proved and computational aspects of the methods under consideration are examined. The solution of nonlinear Fredholm integral equation by means of methods with convergence order p ≥ 2 are considered and possibilities of organizing parallel computation in iteration process are also briefly discussed.

Daug modeliavimo problemu galima suformuluoti netiesines lygties F(x) = 0 pavidalu. Čia F yra Banacho erdves X atvaizdavimas i Banacho erdve Y, turintis visas reikalingas Freshe išvestines. Lygčiai F(x) = 0 spresti taikomas aukštosios eiles iteracinis procesas tokio tipo xk + 1 =xk ‐ Q(xk, Ai k ), i ∈ {1,…, r}, k = 0, 1, …, Čia Q(x, Ai k ) yra tam tikras operatorius X → X, Ai k , yra atvirkštinio atvaizdavimo aproksimacijos. Irodyta konvergavimo teorema ir išnagrineti metodu taikymo skaičiavimo aspektai. Aptariamos skaičiavimu lygiagretinimo galimybes, taikant si ulomus metodus netiesinei Fredholmo integralinei lygčiai.
Plasma Flows in the Cool Loop Systems
Authors: Rao Yamini K. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Kayshap Pradeep , Wilhelm Klaus , Dwivedi Bhola N.
Published: March 2019

We study the dynamics of low-lying cool loop systems for three data sets as observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. Radiances, Doppler shifts, and line widths are investigated in and around observed cool loop systems using various spectral lines formed between the photosphere and transition region (TR). Footpoints of the loop threads are either dominated by blueshifts or redshifts. The cospatial variation of velocity above the blueshifted footpoints of various loop threads shows a transition from very small upflow velocities ranging from (−1 to +1)

−1 in the Mg ii k line (2796.20 Å; formation temperature:

) to the high upflow velocities from (−10 to −20)

−1 in Si iv. Thus, the transition of the plasma flows from redshift (downflows) to blueshift (upflows) is observed above the footpoints of these loop systems in the spectral line C ii (1334.53 Å; log(T/

) = 4.3) lying between Mg ii k and Si iv (1402.77 Å;

). This flow inversion is consistently observed in all three sets of the observational data. The other footpoint of the loop system always remains redshifted, indicating downflowing plasma. The multispectral line analysis in the present paper provides a detailed scenario of the plasma flow’s inversions in cool loop systems leading to the mass transport and their formation. The impulsive energy release due to small-scale reconnection above the loop footpoint seems to be the most likely cause for sudden initiation of the plasma flows evident at TR temperatures.
Aggregate Hazes in Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Adams Danica , Gao Peter , Pater Imke de , Morley Caroline V.
Published: March 2019

Photochemical hazes have frequently been used to interpret exoplanet transmission spectra that show an upward slope toward shorter wavelengths and weak molecular features. While previous studies have only considered spherical haze particles, photochemical hazes composed of hydrocarbon aggregate particles are common throughout the solar system. We use an aerosol microphysics model to investigate the effect of aggregate photochemical haze particles on the transmission spectra of warm exoplanets. We find that the wavelength dependence of the optical depth of aggregate particle hazes is flatter than for spheres because aggregates grow to larger radii. Consequently, while spherical haze opacity displays a scattering slope toward shorter wavelengths, aggregate haze opacity can be gray in the optical and near-infrared, similar to those assumed for condensate cloud decks. We further find that haze opacity increases with increasing production rate, decreasing eddy diffusivity, and increasing monomer size, although the magnitude of the latter effect is dependent on production rate and the atmospheric pressure levels probed. We generate synthetic exoplanet transmission spectra to investigate the effect of these hazes on spectral features. For high haze opacity cases, aggregate hazes lead to flat, nearly featureless spectra, while spherical hazes produce sloped spectra with clear spectral features at long wavelengths. Finally, we generate synthetic transmission spectra of GJ 1214b for aggregate and spherical hazes and compare them to space-based observations. We find that aggregate hazes can reproduce the data significantly better than spherical hazes, assuming a production rate that is limited by delivery of methane to the upper atmosphere.
Sticking Properties of Silicates in Planetesimal Formation Revisited
Authors: Steinpilz Tobias , Teiser Jens , Wurm Gerhard
Published: March 2019

In the past, laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations showed a mismatch in the derived sticking properties of silicates in the context of planetesimal formation. It has been proposed by Kimura et al. that this mismatch is due to the value of the surface energy assumed, supposedly correlated to the presence or lack of water layers of different thickness on a grain’s surface. We present tensile strength measurements of dust aggregates with different water content here. The results are in support of the suggestion by Kimura et al. Dry samples show increased strengths by a factor of up to 10 over wet samples. A high value of γ = 0.2 J m−2 likely applies to the dry low pressure conditions of protoplanetary disks and should be used in the future.
MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-loud Blazars
Authors: Lister M. L. , Homan D. C. , Hovatta T. , Kellermann K. I. , Kiehlmann S. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Pushkarev A. B. , Readhead A. C. S. , Ros E. , Savolainen T.
Published: March 2019

We present results from a parsec-scale jet kinematics study of 409 bright radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data obtained between 1994 August 31 and 2016 December 26 as part of the 2 cm VLBA survey and Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments (MOJAVE) programs. We tracked 1744 individual bright features in 382 jets over at least 5 epochs. A majority (59%) of the best-sampled jet features showed evidence of accelerated motion at the >3σ level. Although most features within a jet typically have speeds within ∼40% of a characteristic median value, we identified 55 features in 42 jets that had unusually slow pattern speeds, nearly all of which lie within 4 pc (100 pc deprojected) of the core feature. Our results, combined with other speeds from the literature, indicate a strong correlation between apparent jet speed and synchrotron peak frequency, with the highest jet speeds being found only in low-peaked AGNs. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find best-fit parent population parameters for a complete sample of 174 quasars above 1.5 Jy at 15 GHz. Acceptable fits are found with a jet population that has a simple unbeamed power-law luminosity function incorporating pure luminosity evolution and a power-law Lorentz factor distribution ranging from 1.25 to 50 with slope −1.4 ± 0.2. The parent jets of the brightest radio quasars have a space density of 261 ± 19 Gpc−3 and unbeamed 15 GHz luminosities above ∼1024.5 W Hz−1, consistent with FR II class radio galaxies.
Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. II. Stability of Self-similar Solutions to Radial Perturbations
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Ro Stephen , Quataert Eliot
Published: March 2019

Coughlin et al. derived and analyzed a new regime of self-similarity that describes weak shocks (Mach number of order unity) in the gravitational field of a point mass. These solutions are relevant to low-energy explosions, including failed supernovae. In this paper, we develop a formalism for analyzing the stability of shocks to radial perturbations, and we demonstrate that the self-similar solutions of Paper I are extremely weakly unstable to such radial perturbations. Specifically, we show that perturbations to the shock velocity and post-shock fluid quantities (the velocity, density, and pressure) grow with time as t

α
; interestingly, we find that α ≲ 0.12, implying that the 10-folding timescale of such perturbations is roughly 10 orders of magnitude in time. We confirm these predictions by performing high-resolution, time-dependent numerical simulations. Using the same formalism, we also show that the Sedov–Taylor blast wave is trivially stable to radial perturbations provided that the self-similar, Sedov–Taylor solutions extend to the origin, and we derive simple expressions for the perturbations to the post-shock velocity, density, and pressure. Finally, we show that there is a third, self-similar solution (in addition to the solutions in Paper I and the Sedov–Taylor solution) to the fluid equations that describes a rarefaction wave, i.e., an outward-propagating sound wave. We interpret the stability of shock propagation in light of these three distinct self-similar solutions.
Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-Ray Spectrum
Authors: Kallman T. , McCollough M. , Koljonen K. , Liedahl D. , Miller J. , Paerels F. , Pooley G. , Sako M. , Schulz N. , Trushkin S. , Corrales L.
Published: March 2019

We present model fits to the X-ray line spectrum of the well-known high-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-3. The primary observational data set is a spectrum taken with the Chandra X-ray Observatory High Energy Transmission Grating in 2006, though we compare it to all the other observations of this source taken so far by this instrument. We show that the density must be ≥1012 cm−3 in the region responsible for most of the emission. We discuss the influence of the dust scattering halo on the broadband spectrum, and we argue that dust scattering and extinction is not the most likely origin for the narrow feature seen near the Si K edge. We identify the features of a wind in the profiles of the strong resonance lines and show that the wind is more apparent in the lines from the lighter elements. We argue that this wind is most likely associated with the companion star. We show that the intensities of most lines can be fitted, crudely, by a single-component photoionized model. However, the iron K lines do not fit with this model. We show that the iron K line variability as a function of orbital phase is different from the lower-energy lines, which indicates that the lines arise in physically distinct regions. We discuss the interpretation of these results in the context of what is known about the system and similar systems.
Molecular and morphological evidence for the identity of two nominal species of Astegopteryx (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae)
Authors: Li Qiang , Yao Jiamin , Zeng Lingda , Lin Xiaolan , Huang Xiaolei
Published: March 2019

The morphology of many insect species is usually influenced by environmental factors and therefore high phenotypic variation exists even within a species. This causes difficulty and uncertainty in species taxonomy, which can be remedied by using molecular data and integrative taxonomy. Astegopteryxbambusae and A.bambucifoliae are currently regarded as two closely related aphid species with similar bamboo hosts and overlapping distributions in the oriental region. However, in practice it is hard to distinguish between them. By incorporating molecular data from four mitochondrial and nuclear genes as well as morphological information from an extensive collection of live specimens, the present study indicates that A.bambucifoliae is a junior synonym of A.bambusae. The data also indicate that large-scale geographic patterns of population differentiation may exist within this species.
Use of a Wearable Technology and Motivational Interviews to Improve Sleep in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis and Sleep Disturbance: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zaslavsky Oleg , Thompson Hilaire J. , McCurry Susan M. , Landis Carol A. , Kitsiou Spyros , Ward Teresa M. , Heitkemper Margaret M. , Demiris George
Published: March 2019

The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a mobile health self-management intervention aimed at improving sleep among older adults with osteoarthritis and disturbed sleep were evaluated. This was a one-group pre-/posttest pilot study. Feasibility was measured by the number of participants eligible, enrolled, and retained. Primary efficacy outcomes were Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score and two sleep actigraphy variables: total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Overall step count, self-efficacy (SEff), and acceptance of sleep difficulties (ASD) were mechanisms of action variables. Assessments were at baseline, Week 14 (postintervention), and Week 19 (follow up). Mixed effect models were used to measure change over time. Twenty-four participants (mean age = 71 years) were enrolled and 22 completed the study. Improvements of 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] [−2.43, −0.05];
p
= 0.04) and 2.5 (95% CI [0.9, 4.9];
p
= 0.02) points in the ISI and ASD scores, respectively, were found over the 19-week period. These findings add to a growing literature that suggests older adults might reap benefits from mobile health interventions.

Targets:

Older adults with osteoarthritis and insomnia symptoms.

Intervention Description:

Activity trackers synced to a dashboard that triggered personalized weekly step goals and motivational messages augmented by telephone motivational interviews.

Mechanism of Action:

Physical activity, SEff, and ASD.

Outcomes:

Sleep measures.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(4):167–173.]
X-ETL: A Data-Driven Approach for Designing Star Schemas
Authors: El Moukhi Nawfal , El Azami Ikram , Mouloudi Abdelaaziz , Elmounadi Abdelali
Published: March 2019

The data warehouse design is currently recognized as the most important and complicated phase in any project of decision support system implementation. Its complexity is primarily due to the proliferation of data source types and the lack of a standardized and well-structured method, hence the increasing interest from researchers who have tried to develop new methods for the automation and standardization of this critical stage of the project. In this paper, the authors present the set of developed methods that follows the data-driven paradigm, and they propose a new data-driven method called X-ETL. This method aims to automating the data warehouse design by generating star models from relational data. This method is mainly based on a set of rules derived from the related works, the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) and the XML language.
Emergency Centers Set-up in the Existence of Ad Hoc Networks in Disaster Recovery Areas
Authors: Manaseer Saher , Alawneh Afnan
Published: March 2019

— In disaster recovery situations, rescue teams build portable emergency rooms, fire stations and communication centers in the affected areas. Moreover, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are the main form of communication that these teams use in such cases. This paper introduces a new setup model for distributing such rescue stations and centers. In this model, the communication needs; play a key role in the decision making to reach the optimal communication performance levels that leads to achieving the goal of using Ad Hoc Networks in these situations
Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Drill String Using Fuzzy Systems and Cumulative Damage Theory
Authors: Lemma Tamiru Alemu , Nanji Priyank , Gebremariam Mebrahitom Asmelash , Ahsan Shazaib
Published: March 2019

Drill string failure is a prevalent and costly problem to the oil and gas industry. This paper proposes a method for remaining useful life prediction of drill string components subjected to fatigue under combined loadings, namely axial stress, bending moment, and torsion. To accomplish this, fuzzy systems are used to model the dimensionless stress intensity factor, β of different API graded drill pipes. Based on the gathered database of the dimensionless stress intensity factor for various crack types, the parameter is numerically estimated using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System in MATLAB. The fuzzy model is then incorporated into the available crack growth models (Paris Law & Walker’s Law) to quantitatively evaluate the number of cycles as the crack propagates from its initial size to its critical size. The nonlinear crack propagation model is solved by Euler’s Method. Finally, a parametric study is performed in order to identify the influence of load magnitudes, the variation of loadings, crack shape, and geometrical parameters on the fatigue life. The ANFIS model developed has a mean square error (MSE) of 8.3e-4, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0288 and R-squared error of 0.9807, thus indicating the model is highly reliable. The increase in the magnitude of stress, mean stress ratio (R) and environmental constants reduces the number of cycles to failure, thus indicating shorter RUL.