bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychogérontologie fondamentale et théorique
Authors: Menecier Pascal , Menecier-Ossia Laure , Moscato Alba
Published: May 2024

Qui n’a jamais eu mal ? Quand la douleur se répète, devient chronique, envahit le quotidien, la souffrance consécutive rencontre le travail du vieillir dans un cumul difficile à négocier seul. Après avoir délimité un état récent des connaissances autour de la douleur de femmes et d’hommes âgés, l’intérêt se focalisera sur les aménagements psychiques secondaires à cette double contrainte : vivre et vieillir en ayant mal.
Psychogérontologie fondamentale et théorique
Authors: Onen Fannie
Published: May 2024

L’insomnie est définie comme une insatisfaction concernant la qualité ou la durée du sommeil associée à une répercussion sur le fonctionnement diurne. L’insomnie de la personne âgée est souvent comorbide avec plusieurs pathologies qui lui sont associées. Le diagnostic est clinique et repose sur l’anamnèse décrite par la personne et son entourage. Il faut toujours rechercher une dépression et une pathologie du sommeil comme les apnées du sommeil. Pour la prise en charge, les mesures d’hygiène veille-sommeil doivent être systématiques et les thérapies cognitivo-comportementales doivent être privilégiées et les hypnotiques doivent être évités.
Local stability of isometries on $ 4 $-dimensional Euclidean spaces
Authors: Jung Soon-Mo , Roh Jaiok
Published: May 2024

In 1982, Fickett attempted to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on a bounded subset of $ \mathbb{R}^n $. In this paper, we applied an intuitive and efficient approach to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of isometries defined on the bounded subset of $ \mathbb{R}^4 $, and we significantly improved Fickett's theorem for the four-dimensional case.
Preventing aircraft from wildlife strikes using trajectory planning based on the enhanced artificial potential field approach
Authors: Cai Wenchao , Zhou Yadong
Published: May 2024

Wildlife strikes refer to collisions between animals and aircraft during flight or taxiing. While such collisions can occur at any phase of a flight, the majority occur during takeoff and landing, particularly at lower altitudes. Given that most reported collisions involve birds, our focus was primarily on bird strikes, in line with statistical data. In the aviation industry, aircraft safety takes precedence, and attention must also be paid to optimizing route distances to minimize operational costs, posing a multi-objective optimization challenge. However, wildlife strikes can occur suddenly, even when aircraft strictly adhere to their trajectories. The aircraft may then need to deviate from their planned paths to avoid these collisions, necessitating the adoption of alternative routes. In this article, we proposed a method that combines artificial potential energy (APE) and morphological smoothing to not only reduce the risk of collisions but also maintain the aircraft's trajectory as closely as possible. The concept of APE was applied to flight trajectory planning (TP), where the aircraft's surroundings were conceptualized as an abstract artificial gravitational field. This field exerts a "gravitational force" towards the destination, while bird obstacles exert a "repulsive force" on the aircraft. Through simulation studies, our proposed method helps smooth the trajectory and enhance its security.
Medical students’ professionalism attributes, knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward COVID-19 and attitudes toward care provision during pandemic amidst the COVID-19 outbreak according to their demographics and mental health
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Yeo Sanghee
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study examines various aspects related to medical professionalism in medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, focusing on their medical professionalism attributes, KPA (knowledge, practices, and attitudes) toward COVID-19 and attitudes toward provision of care in pandemic. We assessed whether these aspects related to medical professionalism were varied by their demographics and mental health level.Methods: Six questionnaires related to medical professionalism were distributed online to medical students in six grades at a single medical school. A one-way analysis of variance was used to examine differences in scores related to medical professionalism based on their demographics, for examples, gender, grade, residence, religion, as well as their mental health levels. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine correlations between each variable.Results: Female students scored higher on medical professionalism attributes and attitudes toward duty-to-care than male students. Medical professionalism attribute scores were higher with higher relationship satisfaction and resilience levels but lower with higher anxiety levels. Furthermore, these scores were significantly associated with attitudes toward COVID-19 preparedness. However, COVID-19 knowledge and practice scores were negatively associated with attitudes toward COVID-19 preparedness and careers after graduation. Meanwhile, students who took the leave of absence related to 2020 doctors’ strike had significantly lower scores on attitudes toward COVID-19 preparedness and duty to care than those who did not.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that mental health of medical students is strongly related to their various aspects related to medical professionalism, especially their attitudes toward COVID-19 preparedness. Good mental health was positively linked to medical professionalism attributes and attitudes toward COVID-19 preparedness. However, knowledge and practice of COVID-19 were negatively associated with willingness to participate in the pandemic response. Additionally, the experience of the 2020 leave of absence impacted the attitudes of medical students toward COVID-19 preparedness (p=0.015) and their duty to care (p=0.012) negatively.
Differences in fear of failure and college adjustment by type of medical school entrance extrinsic motivation using a latent profile analysis
Authors: Yune So Jung , Park Ie Byung , Yoo Hyo Hyun , Park Kwi Hwa
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The decision to enroll in medical school is largely influenced by extrinsic motivation factors. It is necessary to explore the factors that affect pre-med students’ motivation to enter medical school and their college adjustment, and to develop measures to help them adjust.Methods: A total of 407 pre-med students were surveyed regarding their motivation to enter medical school, fear of failure, and college adjustment. We analyzed the latent profiles of extrinsic motivation factors using latent profile analysis. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in fear of failure and adaptation to university life according to the latent groups.Results: After analyzing the latent profiles of entrance motivation, three latent profiles were selected. They were divided into high, medium, and low extrinsic motivation groups. Three profiles scored the highest on job security, followed by good grades and social status. Sophomores were more likely to be high extrinsic motivators than freshmen were. Fear of failure was high in the group with high extrinsic motivation, and adaptation to college life was highest in the group with low extrinsic motivation.Conclusion: Job security was the most important extrinsic motivator for entering medical school, and extrinsic entrance motivation influenced fear of failure and college adjustment. Given the high level of extrinsic motivation among medical students, it is meaningful to analyze the extrinsic motivation profile of entering medical students and how it affects failure motivation and college adjustment.
« Il n’est pas mort. Il vit encore ! »Analyse anthropologique des systèmes relationnels dans le don d’organes
Authors: Quarta Luigigiovanni
Published: May 2024

À partir d’un terrain ethnographique sur le don d’organes en Italie, l’article vise à aborder certains des problèmes au cœur de la construction morale de l’identité et de la personne dans le monde contemporain. Il s’agit de réfléchir sur l’expérience de la transformation de la mort en un facteur de production de la vie. Ceci est un élément essentiel de la reconstruction de l’image de soi qui se produit à l’intersection de modèles de pratiques et de temporalités qui diffèrent selon la perspective à partir de laquelle les sujets impliqués regardent le monde et se déplacent parmi les différentes positions du champ social. Ce qui reste au terme de cette enquête, c’est une question – toujours ouverte, toujours à renouveler : comment notre capacité à nommer l’humain évolue-t-elle au regard de l’avancée des dispositifs médicaux et technologiques ?
Memoria y camuflaje en La muchacha de las bragas de oro de Juan Marsé
Authors: Ros Violeta
Published: May 2024

Los últimos estudios sobre el franquismo desde la perspectiva historiográfica han apuntado hacia la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de los apoyos sociales de los que disfrutó el régimen para garantizar su pervivencia durante cuatro décadas. Estos estudios apuntan en una dirección muy clara y contundente: para comprender la longevidad del régimen franquista en contraste con el resto de fascismos europeos surgidos en la década de los 30, es fundamental entender que, más allá de la represión, la configuración de la llamada «sociedad de los vencedores» (Fuertes, 2017) fue una de las principales claves que garantizaron su continuidad en el poder más allá de la posguerra europea y su profundo arraigo en la sociedad española a través de una particular cultura política que pervivió, con máscaras y camuflajes, más allá de la Transición. Algunas de las novelas más icónicas de la producción narrativa de Juan Marsé representan las tensiones generadas en el seno de esa “sociedad de vencedores”. A partir del análisis de La muchacha de las bragas de oro (1978), este artículo se propone, por un lado, reflexionar acerca de cómo el escritor se enfrenta al proceso de camuflaje de las historias de vida vinculadas a esta sociedad de vencedores en el contexto de la Transición y, por el otro, a conectar esta reflexión con el nuevo paradigma de la memoria democrática como marco de relectura tanto de este texto en particular como de la obra literaria de Marsé en su conjunto.
Anna Fox, Back to the Village (1999-2008) : de l’archive au témoignage
Authors: Morisson Valérie
Published: May 2024

La série photographique Back to the Village réalisée par Anna Fox entre 1999 et 2008 à Selborne a été conçue comme un écho au travail de documentation photographique mené par Sir Benjamin Stone entre 1897 et 1910. Si les deux séries témoignent de la persistance de traditions rurales, tandis que Stone se conforme aux pratiques d’archivage de son époque et aux principes de la photographie ethnographique, Fox propose un regard plus intime et critique sur l’appartenance à une communauté villageoise.
Détecter la tuberculose par algorithmes : les valorisations d’une technologie de surveillance par la santé mondiale
Authors: Onno Julien , David Pierre-Marie
Published: May 2024

Les logiciels de détection assistée par ordinateur basée sur l’intelligence artificielle (CAD-IA), combinés aux radiographies numériques du thorax, ont récemment été présentés comme une solution facile à un problème complexe : « mettre fin à la tuberculose d’ici 2030 ». L’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a recommandé l’utilisation de ces dispositifs en 2021 et de nombreux partenariats publics/privés ont contribué à les évaluer, créant ainsi un marché pour ces premiers outils de santé mondiale basés sur l’intelligence artificielle. Cet article explore les étapes de la création de valeur et d’un marché pour ces algorithmes de détection, à la faveur d’un régime « accélérationniste » bien ancré au sein du champ de la santé mondiale. En suivant la vie sociale des données utilisées pour développer, valider, vendre et faire du profit avec les dispositifs CAD-IA, nous analysons comment une nouvelle forme de détection technologique de la tuberculose utilisée en santé mondiale, malgré ses prétentions disruptives, reste prise dans des processus d’inégalités qui sont les moteurs des épidémies de tuberculose dans de nombreux contextes et qui sont indirectement valorisés scientifiquement, économiquement et politiquement par la technologie elle-même.
Neuro-Inspired Algorithms to Enhance Cryptography
Authors: Thenmozhi R. , Vetriselvi D. , Jovith A. Arokiaraj
Published: May 2024

Neurocryptology objective is to create novel and creative approaches to improve the security of cryptographic systems by incorporating knowledge from neuroscience, particularly the study of the cognitive functions of the human brain. Instead of using mathematical methods and keys to secure communication and data, neurocryptology makes use of knowledge about how the brain processes information and spots patterns. The form and operation of neural networks and biological brains serve as inspiration for neural-inspired algorithms, which have the potential to improve cryptography in several ways. Encryption keys can be created using neural networks. In order to improve encryption techniques, neural networks can be incorporated. Behavioral biometric authentication techniques can be improved by neural network-inspired algorithms. This chapter is discussing about the neuro inspired algorithms to enhance cryptographic protocols. It reviewing the different algorithms that underlie well-known cryptographic cryptosystems
Improving Ransomware Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: M. Uma , R. Beaulah Jeyavathana , S. Prabhu
Published: May 2024

Ransomware, a malicious software variant, continues to pose a significant threat in the realm of cybersecurity. This form of malware encrypts files and renders them inaccessible to victims, demanding a ransom for their release. Some of these malicious programs will undoubtedly attempt to circumvent existing anti-ransomware defenses. In this research, the authors have harnessed the power of various machine learning techniques to train and test models for ransomware detection. Among these algorithms, random forest stands out as a particularly robust and accurate tool for identifying ransomware-infected files. Its ability to analyze data and distinguish subtle patterns has proven invaluable in our efforts to combat this ever-evolving threat. As ransomware attacks continue to evolve and become more targeted, the development of effective detection mechanisms remains crucial. Through ongoing research and the application of advanced machine learning techniques like random forest, the authors are working towards enhancing our ability to detect and mitigate the impact of ransomware.
Next-Gen Cryptography
Authors: Padmapriya G. , Vennila V. , Anitha K. , Manikandan N. , Suresh Anand M.
Published: May 2024

In a time marked by an ever-increasing number of sensitive data and mounting worries about breaches of privacy, the area of cryptography has emerged as the frontrunner in the fight to keep personal information secure. “Next-Gen Cryptography: The Role of Machine Learning in Privacy Preservation for Sensitive Data” investigates the revolutionary junction of two fields that are on the cutting edge: cryptography and machine learning. This chapter elucidates how the combination of these disciplines promises to reshape the landscape of data security, particularly with regard to the protection of sensitive information.
Forging an Ethical Paradigm With Moral Integrity in the Realm of Crypto Currency Investment
Authors: R. Valarmathi , Kalaiselvi V. K. G. , Jagadeesh G. , Uma R. , Ramkumar P.
Published: May 2024

The integration of AIML in cryptocurrency trading raises ethical concerns, demanding a thorough examination of accountable approaches. This research focuses on evaluating the outcomes of AI and ML in cryptocurrency trading, emphasizing the need for innovative regulatory strategies. Utilizing critical case studies like Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) and FTX and reviewing relevant literature, it explores the ethical dimensions of AI and ML in this domain. The study advocates for regulatory frameworks that accommodate digital assets' unique features while aligning with existing legal structures. It proposes a structural framework for AI and ML-driven trading, juxtaposing it with alternative ethical theories. From an outcome-oriented perspective, the research emphasizes balancing the potential of AI and ML with ethical considerations, ensuring market integrity, safeguarding investor interests, and promoting overall welfare in the cryptocurrency trading landscape.
GTFN
Authors: Huang Meng , Wei Ting
Published: May 2024

With the development of smart education, gaining insights into students' understanding during the learning process is crucial in teaching. However, traditional knowledge tracking methods face challenges in capturing the intricate relationships between problems and knowledge points, as well as students' temporal learning changes. Therefore, we design a knowledge tracking model based on a graph temporal fusion network. Firstly, we construct the structure of the question and knowledge skill graph. Then, we design a knowledge graph encoder layer to capture the complex relationships between questions and knowledge skills. Next, we apply a sequential information extraction layer to dynamically model the outputs of each layer in the upper network over time, capturing students' knowledge changes at different time steps. Finally, we use a dynamic attention aggregation network to learn node information at different levels and time sequences. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Promotion Strategy of Multimedia Network Teaching Platform in College Physical Education Teaching
Authors: Cao Junrui , Shi Xinchuang
Published: May 2024

At present, the development of distance education is being vigorously promoted all over the world, and the lifelong, globalised and highly efficient nature of education is driving its rapid development in the world. Because there are different ways to achieve this, so, according to the characteristics of physical education discipline, this article on how to promote multimedia network teaching platform in university physical education teaching, using multimedia network teaching platform, to achieve the complementarity of modern teaching and traditional teaching. The article analyses the theory and development background of multimedia network teaching, and analyses its application in university physical education teaching, and gives a detailed introduction to the use and planning of each module. On this basis, it discusses the design principles of the multimedia network teaching platform for physical education majors, and gives an overall framework and model of functional modules. This study has good implications for university physical education teaching practices.
PROPHYLAXIA OF CYSTINE CALCULOSIS BY α-MERCAPTOPROPIONYLGLYCINE ADMINISTERED CONTINUOUSLY OR EVERY OTHER DAY
Authors: Berio A. , Piazzi A.
Published: May 2024

Cystinuria is a complex autosomal recessive inherited disorder found in approximately one out of 7000 births. The disease affects the renal tubular reabsorption of certain filtered amino acids, i.e., cystine, lysine, arginine and ornithine. Owing to the defective intestinal transport of these amino acids, three types of cystinuria may occur. The disease occurs equally in both sexes, but males are severely affected and have a higher mortality rate. […]
Attitude and willingness on gamete donation among medical students: An experience from a state university in Sri Lanka
Authors: Raguraman S. , Muhunthan K. , Niroje R.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To assess the attitude and willingness of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, regarding gamete donation.

Methods:

An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, from September 2022 to May 2023 among undergraduate medical students who gave their voluntary participation. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a study instrument to collect data regarding their attitude and willingness toward gamete donation.

Results:

A total of 345 participants were recruited and their socio-demographic data revealed that 56.8% of the participants were female, 62.3% aged between 26 and 30 years, and 92.2% were unmarried. Many of them received information regarding gamete donations during their clinical appointments. Over half (67.8%) of them showed a negative attitude towards gamete donation. Regarding willingness, only 39.7% of participants had a positive approach for being a gamete donor; among them, 84.7% preferred anonymous donations. Religion and ethnicity had a significant influence on their attitudes and willingness. In addition, male was also found to be more willing to donate gametes.

Conclusions:

Most medical students have negative views about gamete donation. Imparting awareness and knowledge of assisted reproductive technology and gamete donation within medical students' sociocultural and ethical backgrounds might facilitate a change in attitude towards gamete donation amongst future medical practitioners.
Assessment of spermatogenesis in camels via seminiferous tubule staging and testosterone profiling
Authors: Ullah Saif , Quddus Abdul , Wei Quanwei , Ennab Wael , Mustafa Sheeraz , Sun Jiahao , Malyar Rahmani Mohammad , Baseer Abdul , Mao Dagan , Shi Fangxiong
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To investigate the successive morphological stages of spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, and testosterone profile in dromedary camel reproduction.

Methods:

Testicular tissue samples were obtained from 12 dromedary bull camels aged 7 to 8 at a local abattoir. The histological assessment involved tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, and examination under a microscope. Stereological analysis, germ cell identification, and assessment of seminiferous tubules and maturation were conducted. Testosterone assay was performed by radioimmunoassay using blood samples collected at regular intervals.

Results:

The study revealed 12 phases of the dromedary camel's seminiferous epithelium cycle, highlighting distinct morphological characteristics and cellular processes. Acrosomal migration, maturation, cap formation, and the Golgi-mediated synthesis of proacrosomal vesicles were also explained in dimension, as were the steps of acrosome biogenesis. Spermatids and mature sperm cells were present when spermatogenesis phases were examined. An analysis of the dimensions of seminiferous tubules revealed specific measures for diameter, area, and epithelial height about luminal characteristics. Moreover, there were noticeable variations in the serum testosterone concentrations during the study period, indicating temporal dynamics.

Conclusions:

This study outlines the spermatogenesis process in dromedary camels across 12 stages, emphasizing cellular dynamics and acrosomal biogenesis. It also provides seminiferous tubule measurements and observes seasonal testosterone fluctuations, offering insights into reproductive regulation and potential strategies for camel breeding conservation.
Oleuropein alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling
Authors: Wang Shan-Hu , Wu Yang-Yang , Xia Xiao-Jiao
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To explore the effect of oleuropein on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro and in vivo and investigate the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

In an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cell model of sepsis-induced ALI and a cecal ligation and puncture-induced mouse model of septic ALI, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell activity and apoptosis. ELISA and relevant assay kits were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, respectively. Western blot was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis- and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling-associated proteins. JC-1 staining, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay kit, and MitoSOX Red assays were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and mitochondrial ROS formation, respectively. Moreover, lung injury was evaluated by measuring lung morphological alternations, lung wet-to-dry ratio, myeloperoxidase content, and total protein concentration.

Results:

Oleuropein reduced inflammatory reaction, oxidative damage, and apoptosis, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS-exposed BEAS-2B cells and mice with septic ALI. Besides, oleuropein activated the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. However, these effects of oleuropein were abrogated by an AMPK inhibitor compound C.

Conclusions:

Oleuropein can protect against sepsis-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo by activating the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, which might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.
Awareness of Oral Biopsy Procedure among Dentists
Authors: Keshwar Shashi , Grover Sonal , Sarraf Deependra P , Shankar Daya
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Various diagnostic procedures are available to reach a diagnosis in case of oral lesions/conditions. Biopsy is one of the important tools for confirmatory diagnosis. Therefore, the dentist should have adequate awareness regarding oral biopsy procedures.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to determine the awareness of oral biopsy procedure among dentists in Haryana.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study conducted among dentists in Haryana, India, using a 16-item close-ended questionnaire. Google Forms was prepared via docs.google.com/forms, and the link was sent to the participants via social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Viber. The filled questionnaires were extracted from Google Forms and exported to Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were calculated to present the data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21.

Results:

Out of 68, only 35.3% and 50% of the dental surgeons were aware that the removal of tissue by laser or electrosurgery can introduce artifacts or tissue distortion and punch biopsy generally produces few artifacts within the biopsied sample, respectively. Among the respondents, 35.3% and 11.8% responded that formaldehyde and normal saline also can be used for fixation of the biopsy sample.

Conclusion:

Awareness of oral biopsy technique was not up to date among majority of the dentists. Eminent steps should be taken to increase the awareness of biopsy procedure among them.
Cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its associated markers: A review
Authors: Mallika Lavanya , Rajarathinam Mani , Thangavel Sundararajan
Published: May 2024

Evidences of the current research say that cancer is multifactorial with varied mechanisms of origin. Most theories evolve either intrinsic (genetic) or extrinsic factors like tobacco and alcoholism as the major cause of oral cancer in India. There is growing evidence that human papilloma virus may act as a co-carcinogen, along with tobacco, in the causation of cancers. The cells being triggered by the agents may be somatic (differentiated functional cell) or a normal stem cell with multipotency or even the transient proliferative cells derived from the stem cells. These stem cells possess several features like slow cell cycle, ability to extrude chemotherapeutic drugs, exhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition, and inhibit apoptosis. Targeting these progenitor stem cells may aid in improving the overall prognosis of the patient. These cancer stem cells are targeted using various markers that are apparently more or less specific to various types of stem cells.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: A High Priority Pathogen
Authors: Ahmed Jaweed , Yadav Renu Kumari , Sood Seema , Das Bimal Kumar , Dhawan Benu
Published: May 2024

Enterococcus faecium has rapidly acquired antibiotic resistance to several classes of antibiotics and has become a serious public health menace. A growing challenge has been imposed by E. faecium globally, in terms of development of resistance to different antibiotics including vancomycin. Of the operons related to vancomycin resistance in enterococci, VanA and VanB are globally reported in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) clinical isolates. VRE faecium (VREfm) strains increase the duration of hospital stay, infection recurrence, treatment costs, and mortality. The alarming emergence of VREfm over the last two decades poses a serious threat to current health-care practices. Shift in the epidemiology of E. faecium to cause severe infections is attributed to global dissemination of high-risk clonal complex 17 which has accumulated both virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. This review discusses the dimension of the emergence of VREfm strains, the van resistance genetic determinants, molecular epidemiology of VREfm, rise of the Enterococcus beyond vancomycin resistance to the newer antimicrobials and its significance in terms of public health, management of VREfm, with the objective of raising awareness of the need of new strategies including development of new antimicrobials, better care coordination for patients presenting with an VREfm infection, implement surveillance programs, and strengthening of antibiotic stewardship.
Attitude to Autopsy Practice by Doctors in the South Eastern Part of Nigeria
Authors: Menkiti Felix Emeka , Onyiaorah Igwebuike Victor , Menkiti Ifeoma Oluchukwu , Ukah Cornelius Ozobia , Chigbo Chisom God'swill , Okani Chukwudi Onyeaghana , Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna , Akubukor Franklyne Chinenye , Enesi Adeiza Samuel , Nwafor Ifeanyi Echezona , Okafor Kenneth Ndubuisi
Published: May 2024

Background:

There is a global decline in the autopsy rate despite its contributions to the development of medical practice.

Aim:

We assessed the utilization of autopsy by medical doctors in a southeastern part of Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study among medical doctors practicing in Anambra State, southeastern Nigeria. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for data collection, including demography, and information related to knowledge, experience, and attitude of respondents. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results:

Two hundred and forty-one doctors responded, 68.9% of whom were males and 48.1% consultants. More than 80% of the respondents show that autopsy is of great benefit to clinical practice, including but not limited to serving as a tool for clinical research (n = 227), identification of atypical disease presentation (n = 217), and clinical audit (n = 210). Hindrances to autopsy requests include cultural/religious belief, lack of enabling government, and hospital policies on autopsy. There is a significant relationship between undergraduate autopsy exposure and period of graduation (χ2 = 12.451; P = 0.014) and age of respondents (χ2 = 9.860; P = 0.043), but not the status of respondents (χ2 = 6.699; P = 0.350)

Conclusion:

Autopsy is an indispensable tool in clinical practice notwithstanding the global decline in its rate. A multifaceted collaboration involving pathologists, clinicians, educators, hospital administrators, government, and policy makers is needed to stem the tide.
Evaluation of the Coexistence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Eroglu Meliha Zengin , Lus Melek Gözde
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and its etiology of it has not been fully elucidated yet. We tried to evaluate the familial aspects of anxiety disorders and ADHD in this study.

Materials and Methods:

Our study group comprised 128 parents aged between 24 and 60 years (114 mothers and 14 fathers) of 128 children with diagnosis of ADHD (n = 47), anxiety disorders (n = 30), and ADHD + anxiety disorders (n = 51) who had been evaluated by the department of child and adolescent psychiatry. Findings of anxiety disorders and ADHD were evaluated in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V Criteria. Beck Anxiety Inventory, Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and Turgay's Adult Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD)/ADHD Diagnosis and Evaluation Scale were applied to parents.

Results:

Anxiety levels, WURS, and Turgay's Adult ADD/ADHD Diagnosis and Evaluation Scale points did not be differentiated between groups. 16.7% (n = 5) of ADHD + anxiety, 6.4% of ADHD (n = 3), and 9.8% (n = 5) of anxiety group of parents were high-degree ADD/ADHD (+).

Conclusion:

Our study results show that there are some familial features of ADHD and anxiety disorders. Considering the relationship between these two disorders during the psychiatric care of children as well as their parents is deeply important for clinicians.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Dementia
Authors: Arslanoğlu Nefise Eda , Bülbül Nazli Gamze , Senol Mehmet Güney , Özdag Mehmet Fatih
Published: May 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious public health problem in our country in the world and has serious effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. HIV-associated dementia (HAD), which may develop due to HIV infection, causes subcortical dementia that can progress with marked slowdown in reaction time and psychomotor speed, impaired cognitive flexibility, emotional lability, and apathy. Neurocognitive tests are the most appropriate tools for the neurocognitive assessment and staging of the disease. In this context, the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examinations Revised (ACE-R) test may be preferred in the neurocognitive evaluation of patients considered to have HAD, in terms of its repeatability and easy applicability, as it allows us to evaluate many neurocognitive functions in detail.
Effects of Bilateral STN-DBS on Psychiatric Profile, Cognitive Aspects, and Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Alugolu Rajesh , Pavan S. , Gaddamanugu Padmaja , Kolpakwar Swapnil , Mudumba Vijaya Saradhi , Mridula Rukmini , Borgohain Rupam
Published: May 2024

Background:

Apart from motor manifestations, Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated treatment modalities including DBS are associated with less studied psychiatric and cognitive symptoms.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate psychiatric profile, cognition, and quality of life in patients with advanced PD and the effects on STN-DBS on them.

Study Design:

A prospective, single center, observational study using a direct, structured interview of PD patients.

Materials and Methods:

All consecutive patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS between the period June 2017 and December 2019 were evaluated with mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE), and PD questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) before surgery. All these patients were evaluated at 6 weeks postsurgery with MINI and with MINI, ACE and PDQ-39 at 6 months postsurgery. Lead position in magnetic resonance imaging was correlated with psychiatric manifestations. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon sign-rank test were used to study the difference between means.

Results:

There were a total of 40 cases operated in the study period. There were two patients who had cerebral hemorrhage and two had leads removed due to infection and these patients were excluded from the final analysis. Out of 36 patients, depression was noted in 7 (19.4%), psychosis in 5 (13.8%), anxiety in 10 (27.7%), and suicidal ideation in 2 (5.5%) cases. Postoperatively, 85% of patients with depression, 80% with psychosis, and 80% of patients with anxiety disorders improved. One patient developed new-onset depression and one patient developed visual hallucination. Two patients had acute deterioration in the immediate postoperative period. The patient who developed depression and hallucination had their leads medially located. Mild cognitive decline was noted in verbal fluency which was significant (P = 0.003), and however, there was a significant improvement in quality of life (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Bilateral STN-DBS is a safe and effective therapeutic option and improves psychiatric disorders if the leads are appropriately placed. Although mild cognitive decline occurs, there is overall significant improvement in quality of life.
The Effect of Child-Centered Play Therapy on Children with Anger Control Problems is True
Authors: Ahbab Afra , Özdogan Büsra , Sayar Gökben Hizli
Published: May 2024

Background:

Children's anger and aggressive behaviors become a problem for teachers and parents at home, in the classroom, or the playground. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches are recommended for children who cannot control their anger. Child-centered play therapy is one of these approaches.

Aim:

This study aimed to reveal the effect of child-centered play therapy on children with anger issues.

Materials and Methods:

The study group consists of 25 volunteer child clients with anger symptoms, and the control group consists of 25 volunteer child clients without anger symptoms. Each participant was given child-centered play therapy with 45-min sessions twice a week for 3 weeks during the research process. The Trait Anger-Anger Style Scale was administered to the participants before and after the therapy.

Results:

As a result of the study, it was shown that children with anger issues experienced a significant change and improved after child-centered play therapy. Children have become able to control their anger. At the same time, improvement was observed in the verbal and behavioral expression of anger.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that child-centered play therapy can be an effective treatment option for children with anger issues and aggressive behaviors.
Investigation of the Relationship between Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression Levels of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Özkan Aleyna , Çayircioglu Seyma , Karagöz Ilke , Kocatürk Rümeysa Rabia , Özcan Öznur Ozge , Karahan Mesut
Published: May 2024

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hormonal and psychological processes and eating attitudes, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression levels in postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out by applying demographic information form, Beck depression, anxiety inventory, Self-Esteem Scale, and eating attitude test to 100 female participants who entered the menopause period. The research method is the relational screening method. Online and face-to-face surveys were administered to the participants. Data obtained from the scales SPSS software version 25.0. analyzed with the program.

Results:

In 100 menopausal women, 9% were low, 68% moderate, and 23% were at the good material level, body mass index was 14% normal, 61% were slightly obese, 17% were 1st class obese, and 8% were 2nd class obese. When the association between menopausal women's eating attitudes and depression levels was investigated, it was shown that there was a moderately negative relationship between the Beck Depression Scale and the eating attitude scale, as well as between the eating attitude and self-esteem. It has been found that there is a high level of positive correlation between the self-esteem and anxiety levels of menopausal women and between eating attitudes and anxiety levels.

Conclusion:

There is a negative relationship between eating attitude and depression and there is a positive relationship between self-esteem and trait anxiety. Depression, anxiety, nutritional obsessions, and low self-esteem can be seen in women with menopause, and there are relationships among these. For the health and rehabilitation of women with menopause, these parameters should be taken into account and preventive measures should be understood.
The Mind − Brain Problem from the Perspective of Agency
Authors: Cengel Yunus A.
Published: May 2024

Aim:

In this article, it is argued that the elusive mind qualifies as an active agent which works through the brain rather than the brain creating the subjective mind or acting as the mind itself.

Materials and Methods:

This article relies on observation-based reasoned arguments and thus it is philosophical in nature.

Discussion:

We seem to be living in a virtual reality interwoven of subjective experiences of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, colors, pain, and pleasure, all rendered by the enigmatic mind. The mind cannot be reduced to physical existence such as the sporadic electrical activity of the brain since no electrical activity has ever produced such cohesive subjective experience, the same way that the laws of physics cannot be reduced to matter and energy that comprise the physical existence.

Conclusion:

Unlike properties, agencies differ from emergent quantities in that agencies more than passively qualify matter; they actively control and rule matter. Agencies are characterized by causal power, and thus the capacity to cause changes. Several agencies can be identified in nature. The agency of physics is associated with the physical realm and is comprised of the universal laws and forces of physics. Life qualifies as a purposive agency which is comprised of the laws and influences of life. Even quantum fields act like virtual mechanisms and thus qualify as active agents associated with the production of the fundamental particles of physics with a fixed set of properties out of quanta of energy.
Investigation of the Effect of Anxiety Disorder on Time Perception with Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
Authors: San Huseyin Oguzhan , Tarlaci Sultan , Ulucan Korkut , Polat Tolga , Yilmaz Ozlem Ozge , Aslan Beste Tacal
Published: May 2024

Background:

Linguists first coined the term anxiety in the 1600s to define a state of severe restlessness and worry. When we look at the Turkish dictionaries and printed sources, we see that the definition of anxiety is made simply as anxiety, fear, and worry. Anxiety; which we can describe as a mental and physical reaction, a defense strategy, against an event or fear. It will threaten the survival of the life; it is seen in two ways as situational anxiety and trait anxiety. Situational anxiety, as the name suggests, arises when faced with a threat or stress factor, while trait anxiety is an anxiety that occurs internally, independent of the event or situation.

Aims and Objectives:

For the continuity of one's cognitive and behavioral abilities, not only anxiety but also the perception of time has a great place in the continuity of life. The findings that help us understand one's time perspective are internal clock models and related mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the effect of anxiety on time perspective.

Materials and Methods:

To this end, the Beck Anxiety Scale, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the demographic information form were used to collect data. Data were collected from a total of 168 participants, 44 females and 124 males.

Results and Conclusion:

When the findings are evaluated in general terms, there was a moderately negative relationship between anxiety and past positive perspective and a moderately positive relationship between past negative perspective. Based on this result, anxiety prevents a positive perception of the past; on the contrary, it can be said that it causes a negative perception of the past.
Predictors of poor outcome in children with severe malaria at a tertiary health facility in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Lugga Abubakar Sani , Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Ibrahim Nuraddeen , Ajide Olumide B. , Abubakar Ashurah Armayau , Aladesua Olajide , Bashir Mohammed , Nasir Fatima F. , Ibrahim Amina O. , Yekinni Sakiru Abiodun , Ibrahim Lawal Magaji , Suleiman Bello M. , Ibrahim Muutassim
Published: May 2024

Background:

Malaria is a major cause of mortality among children.

Objective:

This study determines the clinical profile, outcome (discharge and death), and factors associated with poor outcome in children with severe malaria in a tertiary health facility in Northern Nigeria.

Methods:

We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of all children (≤14 years) admitted with severe malaria based on positive malaria parasite on thick film and or rapid diagnostic test and the World Health Organization guideline for severe malaria. We extracted relevant data from patients’ case files and departmental records and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 20.0. (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).

Results:

A total of 483 children with severe malaria were admitted with median age interquartile range of 4.0 (2.5–8.0) years. Males were 261 (54.0%). Underfives were 258 (53.4%). Common forms of presentation were cerebral malaria 169 (35.0%), prostration (102; 21.1%), and multiple convulsion (86; 17.8%). Cerebral malaria and prostration were significantly higher among children aged 5 years and older. The mortality rate was 4.3% (21). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that impaired consciousness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.345, 30.484), hypoglycemia (aOR: 21.4, 95% CI: 2.766, 165.410), presence of two or more components (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.630, 12.522), and duration of hospitalization of 24 h or less (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.621, 12.782) were independent predictors of poor outcome.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that cerebral malaria was the most common form of severe malaria with a significant burden in children above 5 years. The presence of impaired consciousness, hypoglycemia, multiple components, and duration of <24 h on admission were predictive of death.
Measurement and Modelling of Vehicular Emissions in Some Selected Towns in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Asheshi O. O. , Achide A. S.
Published: May 2024

This work focused on the measurement and modeling of vehicular emissions (CO, NO2, SO2 and PM10) in some selected towns of Nasarawa State, Nigeria using appropriate standard method for six months and the data modeled by Standard Research Institute model. The measured and modeled results of the pollutants concentrations in all the selected towns ranged as follows; CO, 6.52-17.93 µg/m3 and 1.63-2.70 µg/m3, NO2, 0.14-0.23 µg/m3 and 0.04-0.18 µg/m3, SO2, 0.18-0.28 µg/m3 and 0.09-0.20 µg/m3 and PM10 9.92-33.37 µg/m3 and 4.53-17.23 µg/m3respectively. Comparison of these results with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) set limits for these pollutants in the ambient air showed that CO concentration exceeded the limit of 11.40 µg/m3 in all the selected towns except for Akwanga town, while the concentration levels of NO2, SO2, and PM10 in the ambient air of the selected towns were within the permissible limit and pose no threats. Vehicular density was also determined by counting for the same period. The mean vehicular density decreases across the selected towns, with Karu having 3982, Lafia 2768, Keffi 2171 and Akwanga 1719. The mean concentration of each pollutant also showed the same trend with a significant correlation of about 99% between vehicular density and pollutant concentration for all the pollutants except NO2. From these results, it is worth recommending that government should enforce the control of vehicles that emit much fumes and sponsor the fabrication of electric or fuelless vehicles.