bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital intelligent microclimate control of livestock farms
Authors: Ivanov Yuri , Novikov Nikolai
Published: June 2020

The article presents the livestock structural and hardware implementations, the element base of digital intelligent microclimate control’s systems, the tasks must be solved in the light of microclimate quality imposed by livestock production modern technologies’ requirements are formulated. It is shown that the microclimate quality by changing of heating (cooling) power and air exchange equipment based on air environment’s temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide content’s measurements is provided. An animals’ premises microclimate parameters’ automatic discrete-analog-digital control has been developed. The livestock farm premises’ microclimate system controlling hardware implementation’s scheme, including two levels: an electronic computer (farm), controllers with control and measuring devices, an interface, and executive devices (premises) has been developed. The information flows in the control system are determined: tasks are sent from the computer to the controllers for the current values of temperature, humidity, air pollution in the rooms, controllers in communication with measuring devices (radio channel), ventilation, heating (cooling) control devices. An example of the optimal microclimate control system’s effectiveness on 1300 heads of pigsty-feedlot is shown.
The task 3 of forming a network on the sphere from the circles of the same radius
Authors: Travush Vladimir , Antoshkin Vasily , Chorina Mariya
Published: June 2020

one of the methods of formation of geometric networks of arches of the same radius using regular spherical polyhedra is Investigated. The conditions of the task of placing the specified network on the sphere are set. The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of solving the problem is the minimum number of standard sizes of segments of the dome arches, the possibility of using technologies of enlarging assembly. The solution of one variant of the problem of placing a geometric network on a spherical cube and, accordingly, on a sphere is given. Placement on the sphere of arches of one radius, different from placement in the form of meridians, has an effective solution in the form of a network with minimal dimensions of arch segments and nodes of paired arches formed on the basis of circles of identical radii formed on the basis of regular spherical polyhedra. The problem is solved by constructing an independent framework of arches of the same radius on the basis of paired circles of the same radius in the spherical cube system.
Modeling of solid sediment transport in mountain rivers
Authors: Boukhanef Issam , Khadzhidi Anna , Kravchenko Lyudmila , Ayoub Zeroual , Abdennour Kastali
Published: June 2020

In Algeria, the problems of erosion and sediment transport are critical, since they have the most dramatic consequences of the degradation of agricultural soils on the one hand and the siltation of the dam on the other .The sediment transport in the Algerian basins is very important especially during the periods of floods, It is in this sense that this study, which consists of estimating the sediment transport in suspension and determining the models of relation linking the liquid discharge and the sediment discharge in order to estimate the solid transport in the absence of suspended sediments concentration data at the Sidi Akkacha station at the outlet of the basin of Oued Allala which is subject to a high water erosion, it degrades from one year to the other under the effect of this phenomenon especially during the floods which drain high amounts of fine particles exceeding in general, the concentration of 150 g/l, the results obtained from the application of the models are very encouraging since the correlation between liquid and solid discharge exceeds 80 %.
Water regime formation of river basins in the delta zone on the example of the Azov region
Authors: Vladimirov Stanislav , Prikhodkо Igor , Safronova Tatyana , Chebanova Elena
Published: June 2020

Ignoring the specific soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Kuban against the background of irrevocable water use and constant increase in production intensification using new, little-studied pesticides and herbicides without studying the mechanism of its environmental impact, has led to serious environmental and economic problems. In this regard, there was needed to study and analyze environmental problems, establish mechanism for its origin and develop a concept and recommendations for overcoming the environmental crisis in which the Lower Kuban, including Azov and Black Seas ecosystems. The article has processed perennial data and our own research results into dynamics of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the Lower Kuban delta zone basin for more than 70 years. The results of the ionic composition research of estuary water and collector-drainage water were obtained and analyzed. The causal relationships of catastrophic changes in the water ecosystem of the river delta are established and specific recommendations are developed to improve the ecological environment in line with modern standards. The estuaries ichthyofauna composition is analyzed and the reasons for the reduction in fish productivity are identified, ways to solve this are proposed.
Production of motor biofuels in the context of environmental management of the oil industry
Authors: Kapkaev Iuner , Dobrovolsky Ivan , Sorokin Dmitry
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the current state and problems of the Russian and World fuel and energy complex. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of alternative energy and the search for real opportunities to limit the monopoly power of oil producing and refining companies, which is a promising economic and technological task. The relevance of the paper is determined by the importance of solving the issues of searching for alternatives to hydrocarbon fuel in domestic and industrial use, especially for the Russian economy, for which the oilproducing and refining sector is not only a driver of economic development, but also a strategic lever for the implementation of geopolitical interests. In this regard, the paper considers the existing methods and suggests the approach to the use of biofuels as cheap and affordable raw materials for the development of alternativeenergy.
Methods for assessing the value of innovative industrial products in agribusiness
Authors: Lapteva Svetlana , Efimiev Alexey , Agafonova Margarita , Vtornikov Andrei
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the cost of innovative products in the field of industrial production in agribusiness, adequate to the processes of reducing the life cycle of innovations and increasing the share of the intellectual component in its value. A multifactor model for assessing the value of industrial products has been formed, on the basis of which a system of assessment criteria has been developed, covering the functional orientation and degree of radicalism of innovation. As a result, a comprehensive analytical model for assessing the value of the intellectual component of innovative industrial products in agribusiness was obtained, covering commodity, product, technological, organizational, and managerialgroups.
Modelling the process of technical re-equipment of the MTF with the simultaneous selection of the optimal plan for its operation on the farm
Authors: Alukhanyan Arthur , Panfilova Olga
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the issues of renovation (renewal) of the agricultural machinery and tractor fleet by developing models for developing an optimal strategy for its technical re-equipment. The optimal service life of machines in operation is considered as the most important prerequisite for the scientific management of such an update. The main criterion for the optimal strategy is the effectiveness of replacing a particular machine with a new one. The relevance of solving this problem is determined by the urgent need to plan the pace of technical re-equipment of the MTF, taking into account the presence of various economic restrictions.
Rural household income diversification in developing countries: A Case study of Eritrea
Authors: Debesai Menghistab
Published: June 2020

Following a baseline survey in Eritrea, income diversity study among rural farming households was conducted. Two steps analysis was followed during the analysis of income levels and diversity status: (1) the regional level, and (2) the household level. Simpson Index of Diversification was used to calculate the diversity status both at household and regional level. The analysis indicated that income diversification was pervasive in all regions and households irrespective of income levels. Although income diversification was more in high income groups, it was also substantial with the “extreme” and “low income” groups. The difference was that low income groups diversified in less risky ventures as a necessity, whereas the high income groups diversify even in more risky ventures as a choice. A Tobit regression model indicated that level of education, ethnicity, household size, gross income, income per capita, and access to credit had a positive relationship with income diversity. Others such as the age of the household head, dependency ratio and size of land ownership had a negative relationship. Therefore, policy measures need to be directed towards creating a conducive condition taking into consideration the multiple sources of income, socioeconomic, demographic and institutional conditions of rural farminghouseholds.
Biofuels as an instrument of Russia hydrocarbons and agrarian exports competitiveness
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Patlasov Oleg
Published: June 2020

Paper analyzes the prospects of biofuels second and third generation in the structure of the global energy balance, demonstrates a sharp decline in oil and gas revenues in the Russian budget, describes advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel and bioethanol production. The connection between the growth of Russia’s export potential in terms of hydrocarbon products processing with EU standards implementation has been proved. The problems of the realization of programs on the oxygenate technologies development in the Union State of Russia-Belarus were revealed. The capacity of the market of 3-4 generations fuel with using non-food raw materials and various types of biomass was estimated. Was proved that at a high level of growth in business value and profitability of production there are incentives to organize deep processing in Russia’s hydrocarbon production. It is proved that the oil and gas industry in a creative economy should increase its science intensity and depth of raw materials processing, including ones in related industries.
Non-Parametric approach to measuring the efficiency of banking sectors crediting agribusiness in ASEAN countries
Authors: Trinh Doan Tuan Linh
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the efficiency of banks in 9 ASEAN countries including Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam in the period of 2013 2017 by using a non-participation approach. Input-oriented DEA method, with the inputs being Equity; Deposits; Loans and Operating expenses with one output are the Total operating income. The results show that the average overall efficiency of ASEAN banks in the study period is 59.2%, with this result, if the output is constant, the banks can save up to 40.8% of the first. into the business process. Among ASEAN countries in the research period, banks in Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand are among the most effective with the efficiency of 0.746 0.745 and 0.605. Banks in Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei had the lowest average efficiency during the study period with average efficiency of 0.514, 0.538 and 0.544.
Analysis of economic imbalances under the conditions of regional agrarian markets’ integration
Authors: Van Hung Tran , Ushakov Denis
Published: June 2020

At the current stage of economic globalization, the leading factor, among several others, is the intensification of regional economic integration. The share of countries participating in this regional integration covers about 60% of the world GDP. In this article we apply statistical analysis along with several theoretical approaches to ground and explain the objectivity of convergence and divergence of the national economic systems within the frameworks of integrational unions. We also analyze the trend of economic space asynchronization inside integrations along with the national and regional factors of ongoing regionalization. Our conclusions concern primarily the supranational instruments of participating economies’levelling.
HR staff leasing: opportunities in the digital economy environment (case of Russia)
Authors: Evseeva Svetlana , Evseeva Oksana , Kalinina Olga
Published: June 2020

The informatization of managerial activities, the growing importance of IT technologies, providing the processing of an extensive amount of information that is necessary for making decisions in the field of HRmanagement,areconsidered.Itleadstoachangeintherequirementsfor the skills and abilities of future employees. Also, the requirements on the part of companies for HR specialists change in the direction of their complexity, orientation on friendly environmental production, which leads to the need for intellectual capital in the organization. Modern information and communication technologies lead to the transformation of forms of employment and affect all subjects and all institutions of the labour market. In this situation, companies, especially industrial ones (such as agricultural, engineering, machinery), should also follow the rules of ecofriendly environmentthatcouldbesupportedbydigitalization.Thereistheformation of an ecosystem of personnel in the world: management of employees outside the enterprise. Since HR functions in many companies belong to thoseservingthemainprocess,itseemsappropriatetousealternativeforms ofemployment,forexample,staffleasing.Advantagesanddisadvantagesof HR staff leasing were described. Despite the recent development of staff leasing in Russia, there is a good future, as it will allow many companies to take a balanced approach to resolve the issue of optimal use of personnel in the organization’sactivities.
Environment of East Kazakhstan: state and main directions of optimization
Authors: Alimbaev Тurgai , Omarova Bibizhamal , Abzhapparova Bibihadisha , Ilyassova Kulpash , Yermagambetova Kuralay , Mazhitova Zhanna
Published: June 2020

This article discusses issues related to optimizing the state of East Kazakhstan environment. It is emphasized that along with the industrial progress observed in recent years in the East Kazakhstan region in such sectors of the economy as machinery and metal working, heat and power, woodworking, timber, light and food industries, production of building materials, the level of environmental pollution has increased. The article gives examples of how the activities of the enterprises of metallurgical industry, heat power engineering and motor transport cause a real threat of the environmental crisis in the region. It is concluded that the solution of the environmental problem is possible through comprehensive measures, including the issues of increasing the efficiency of use and protection of water resources, reducing the chemical load on the soil, creating infrastructure for waste processing, improving the health and quality of life of the residents of the region. These measures together can contribute to overcoming the current environmental crisis of the East Kazakhstan region and radically improving the environment as well become the key to optimizing the region’s environment. The methodological basis of the study is the principle of scientific objectivity, which allows analyzing the subject under study taking into account the realities of economic changes in theregion.
The impact of ecological aspects on sustainable development of resort territories (example of the Krasnodar region, Russia)
Authors: Vidishcheva Evgenia , Dreizis Yuriy , Kopyrin Andrey
Published: June 2020

Rapidincreaseofeconomicaffairs,expansionofhumanactivity, aswellasacceleratinggrowth ofman-madefactorsincreasethepressureon the environment as the basis of human life. Environmental degradation can bring into challenge both sustainability and future development of territories. Nowadays, regions and countries are on the way to sustainable development, as the most reasonable in terms of rational and effective use of resource potential. According to the concept, environmental conditions, economic and social stability are the three pillars of sustainable development. Importanceofenvironmentalcomponenthasbeenunderestimatedforalong period.However,environmental«health»andbalancedeterminethedynamics, duration and direction of development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of environmental component on the sustainability of resort territory using the example of the Krasnodar regionindicators.
Ensuring a balance of production and consumption of electric energy in order to preserve the environment
Authors: Gibadullin Arthur , Morkovkin Dmitry , Shmanev Sergey , Ilminskaya Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The presented study is devoted to ensuring the balance of production and consumption of electric energy in order to preserve the environment for future generations and ensure environmental safety. The work analyzed statistical data reflecting indicators of production and consumption of electric energy, volumes of commissioned capacities and balances of the flow of electric energy. Based on the data analyzed, it was concluded that the electric power industry is able to satisfy its own needs, however, solely by ensuring the flow of electric energy from surplus areas to scarce areas. The commissioned volumes of capacities will make it possible to ensure exclusively an increase in the consumption of electric energy; however, this does not make it possible to solve the problems associated with wear and tear of capacities. At the end of the study, a model was proposed to ensure the balance of production and consumption of electric energy, which contains a set of mechanisms ensuring the stability of the energysystem.
Environmental factors of energy saving for buildings with green roofs at Russian cities
Authors: Sysoeva Elena , Benuzh Andrey , Gelmanova Margarita , Bogachev Aleksey
Published: June 2020

Green roofs can increase the energy efficiency of the coating by lowering the temperature of the roof in the summer, and in winter - by possibly increasing the overall resistance to heat transfer of the coating. In addition, they reduce the volume and intensity of runoff due to the moisture saturation of the substrate and the processes of total evaporation, improve the microclimate of the urban area: increase air humidity, soften the effect of the urban heat island, reduce noise pollution, significantly reduce the volume and density of dust massesin densely built-up areas of large megacities. Experimental and analytical researches are needed to create a methodology for scientific justification of the ecological efficiency of the green roof design and the district model, to confirm the need and possibility making of a green roof in the II climatic zone of Russia, taking into account the temperature difference (up to 50 °C) in summer and winter seasons.
Features of labor motivation of agro-industrial complex managers
Authors: Abakumova Irina , Kukulyar Anna , Kolenova Anastasia
Published: June 2020

In any branch of the agro-industrial complex, a special role is played by the management team. The success of an agro-industrial enterprise depends largely on the level of motivation of its head, as he forms and directs the work of subordinate personnel. Despite extensive theoretical and practical research in the field of labor motivation, these studies lack an industry-specific approach that takes into account the specifics of the labor activity of managers of the agro-industrial sector of production. The object of the study was 30 managers of various experimental production farms in the Rostov region. During the empirical study, two test methods were used: “career Anchors” (E. Shane) and “Motivational profile” (S. Ritchie and P. Martin), as well as the author’s projective questionnaire. The practical significance of the work consists in scientifically-based recommendations developed based on the analysis of the results of the study. These recommendations can be taken into account by managers and employees of personnel services of enterprises in the agro-industrial area when forming systems of motivation and development of higher needs for employees who hold senior positions in modern market conditions.
On the issue of the transformation of the psychological portrait of the modern Russian youth in a socio-cultural context (the case of questioning target students’ groups in Don State Technical University)
Authors: Olenich Tamara , Mekushkin Andrei , Mamchits Natalia , Ugrekhelidze Natia
Published: June 2020

With the accordance to the formation of the psychological portrait of contemporary Russian youth in the sociocultural space, the author’s hypothesis is that in the modern conditions of sociocultural communicative competence, the sociocultural space becomes a necessary aspect in the development of the socialization of the Russian students. The object of the study is the Russian student youth, and the subject is an analysis of the nature of the influence of sociocultural communicative competence on the Russian youth socialization. Such social factors as: the influence of the place of residence on the level of student competence; the influence of place of residence on the level of claims; the influence of parental capital on the level of academic performance and level of professional claims; the effect of income on competence and the effect of income on professional claims, are necessary elements for students to achieve their goal, namely to receive an elite education, based on the base they have. The results showed that the higher education of the parents and the status of the university they graduated from creates a more favorable ground for the successful career of their children. Personal experience of parents determines the ability to choose the level of professional claims of students.
Ethical considerations on stakeholder engagement in radiological risk governance
Authors: Meskens G.
Published: June 2020

This paper highlights some ethical considerations relevant to formal types of stakeholder engagement in radiological risk governance. These reflections presented are based on previous research related to ethical aspects of radiological risk governance and on the outcomes of the ENGAGE research project in particular. The paper aims to serve as inspiration for research and dialogue on what responsible stakeholder engagement could and should be, and does so by presenting two key ideas about the ethics of stakeholder engagement: the primary ethical motivation for stakeholder engagement and the overall ethical framework for stakeholder engagement.
Concurrent Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors with
Cancer-related Fatigue
Authors: Pagola Itiziar , Morales Javier S. , Alejo Lidia B. , Barcelo Olga , Montil Marta , Oliván Jesús , Álvarez-Bustos Alejandro , Cantos Blanca , Maximiano Constanza , Hidalgo Francisco , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Fiuza-Luces Carmen , Lucia Alejandro , Ruiz-Casado Ana
Published: June 2020

This study compared the effects of two supervised concurrent training
interventions in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue at
baseline. Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (50±8 years) were
randomized to a high- (n=13) or a moderate-intensity (n=10)
training program. Both interventions lasted 16 weeks and included the same
resistance exercises, but the aerobic component was supervised and more intense
in the former (i.e., rating of perceived exertion of 7–8 vs. 6 on a
1–10 scale for the high and moderate-intensity intervention,
respectively). The primary endpoint was fatigue perception. Endpoints were
assessed at baseline and after 16 weeks. The p-value for statistical
significance was set at 0.004 after Bonferroni correction for multiple
comparisons. The high-intensity training program increased lower-limb muscle
strength significantly (p=0.002) and tended to improve fatigue
perception (p=0.006), waist circumference (p=0.013),
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.028) and some quality of life items
(p=0.011). Although the moderate-intensity training program did not
provide such benefits in general (i.e., higher p-values for pre vs
post-intervention comparisons), no significant differences were found between
interventions (all p>0.004). Further research is needed to elucidate if
the benefits provided by high-intensity concurrent training are superior to
those elicited by moderate-intensity training in breast cancer survivors.
Der künstlich intelligente Operationssaal
Authors: Kranzfelder Michael , Ostler Daniel , Fuchtmann Jonas , Friess Helmut , Feussner Hubertus , Vogel Thomas
Published: June 2020

Dem Operationssaal fällt eine Schlüsselrolle bei der digitalen Entwicklung in der Chirurgie zu. Unter dem Schlagwort „digitaler OP“ ist dabei nicht die zunehmende Technisierung des OP-Equipments zu verstehen, sondern die Entwicklung einer verstehenden und den Chirurgen aktiv unterstützenden OP-Umgebung. Durch den Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) ist der OP in der Lage, OP-Abläufe zu verstehen und das OP-Team durch „Mitdenken“ zu unterstützen.

Die Entwicklung des künstlich intelligenten Operationssaals erfordert 2 Voraussetzungen. Zum einen sollten (möglichst) alle technischen Geräte und Systemeinheiten, die in den operativen Workflow eingebunden sind, mit- und untereinander integriert bzw. vernetzt werden (Sensor-Operationssaal). Zum anderen muss der Ablauf des Eingriffs so abgebildet und die Operation so durchgeführt werden, dass eine computerisierte Beschreibung und Analyse des Eingriffs ermöglicht wird (Modellierung).

Der Operationsablauf kann dann computerbasiert in Echtzeit abgebildet und die jeweilige OP-Phase automatisiert erkannt werden. Hierdurch ist es möglich, Vorhersagen über den weiteren OP-Verlauf zu treffen (Prädiktion) und das OP-Team (z. B. im Falle einer drohenden Komplikation) kooperativ zu unterstützen.
Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Combined Exercise and Sauna
Authors: Rissanen Joonas Antero , Häkkinen Keijo , Laukkanen Jari Antero , Häkkinen Arja
Published: June 2020

This study investigated acute hemodynamic, plasma volume and immunological responses to four loading protocols: sauna only, and sauna after endurance, strength or combined endurance and strength exercise. Twenty-seven healthy, slightly prehypertensive men (age 32.7±6.9 years) were measured at PRE, MID (after exercise), POST, POST30min and POST24h. The measurements consisted systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, white blood cells and plasma volume measurements. Endurance+sauna showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure at POST (–8.9 mmHg), POST30min (–11.0 mmHg) and POST24h (–4.6 mmHg). At POST30min, significant decreases were also observed in sauna (–4.3 mmHg) and combined+sauna (–7.5 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from -5.4 to –3.9 mmHg at POST in all loadings. Plasma volume decreased significantly at MID in all exercise loadings and at POST in endurance+sauna and strength+sauna. Plasma volume increased significantly (p < 0.01) in endurance+sauna and combined+sauna at POST24h. White blood cells increased following all exercise+sauna loadings at MID, POST and POST30min, whereas high sensitive C-reactive protein showed no changes at any measurement point. The combination of endurance exercise and sauna showed the greatest positive effects on blood pressure. Both loadings including endurance exercise increased plasma volume on the next day.
Preparation of Diorganomagnesium Reagents by Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Functionalized Heteroaryl Halides and Subsequent in situ Trapping with MgCl2·LiCl in Continuous Flow
Authors: Knochel Paul , Nishimura Rodolfo Hideki Vicente , Weidmann Niels
Published: June 2020

A halogen–lithium exchange in the presence of MgCl2·LiCl on a broad range of heterocyclic scaffolds using a commercial flow set-up with nBuLi as exchange reagent is reported. The resulting diheteroarylmagnesium species were subsequently trapped with various electrophiles, such as ketones, aldehydes, allylic bromides, or disulfides affording functionalized heterocycles. A scale-up was performed by simply increasing the run-time without further optimizations.
Polymerization Shrinkage and Degree of Conversion of New Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Abdul Ghani Nik Rozainah Nik , Ismail Noor Huda , Singbal Kiran Prabhakar , Yusuff Noraida Mamat Mohd
Published: June 2020

Objectives This study aimed to compare the polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of new zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite with commercialized microhybrid and nanofilled composites.

Materials and Methods Overall, 180 samples were used for polymerization shrinkage (buoyancy and optical methods) and degree of conversion tests in which they were divided into Group 1, nanofilled composite (Filtek-Z350- XT; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN 55144-1000, USA), Group 2, microhybrid composite (Zmack-Comp), and Group 3, nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid). Polymerization shrinkage test was performed using buoyancy and optical methods. For buoyancy method, samples were weighed in air and water to calculate the shrinkage value, whereas, for optical method, images of nonpolymerized samples were captured under a digital microscope and recaptured again after light-cured to calculate the percentage of shrinkage. Degree of conversion was tested using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance complemented by post hoc Dunnett’s T3 test for polymerization shrinkage and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for degree of conversion. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results Group 3 demonstrated similar polymerization shrinkage with Group 1, but lower shrinkage (p < 0.05) than Group 2 based on buoyancy method. However, optical method (p < 0.05) showed that Group 3 had the lowest shrinkage, followed by Group 1 and lastly Group 2. Besides, Group 3 showed a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.05) than Group 1 and comparable conversion value with Group 2.

Conclusions Zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite showed excellent shrinkage and conversion values, hence can be considered as an alternative to commercially available composite resins.
The piezoresistive mobility modeling for cubic and hexagonal silicon carbide crystals
Authors: Sugiura Takaya , Takahashi Naoki , Nakano Nobuhiko
Published: June 2020

The piezoresistive effect is characterized by the change in the resistivity of a material relative to mechanical forces exerted on it. Such materials can be used as pressure sensors and are among the most important components for micro-electro mechanical system applications. To date, most research on the piezoresistive effect has been directed toward cubic crystalline materials such as Si; however, the prospective non-cubic materials, such as SiC, are known to have exciting and promising properties. SiC exhibits high-temperature robustness and is chemically stable. It is expected that these properties can be applied to a variety of applications. These materials fall in the category of hexagonal crystalline systems, and it is difficult to evaluate the piezoresistive properties of such materials. In this study, we discuss the piezoresistive mobility model that corresponds to both the cubic and the hexagonal crystalline systems. This mobility model is derived from the empirical fitting of the Gauge Factor (GF) values using the longitudinal and the transverse piezoresistive coefficients and the material-unique fitting parameters. Our proposed method has been implemented in the original device simulator and has been evaluated with respect to both Si and SiC materials. This report shows the well-matched GF values and suggests that the proposed piezoresistive effect model can be implemented in device simulation modeling.
Relating the molecular topology and local geometry: Haddon’s pyramidalization angle and the Gaussian curvature
Authors: Sabalot-Cuzzubbo Julia , Salvato-Vallverdu Germain , Bégué Didier , Cresson Jacky
Published: June 2020

The pyramidalization angle and spherical curvature are well-known quantities used to characterize the local geometry of a molecule and to provide a measure of regio-chemical activity of molecules. In this paper, we give a self-contained presentation of these two concepts and discuss their limitations. These limitations can bypass, thanks to the introduction of the notions of angular defect and discrete Gauss curvature coming from discrete differential geometry. In particular, these quantities can be easily computed for arbitrary molecules, trivalent or not, with bond of equal lengths or not. All these quantities have been implemented. We then compute all these quantities over the Tománek database covering an almost exhaustive list of fullerene molecules. In particular, we discuss the interdependence of the pyramidalization angle with the spherical curvature, angular defect, and hybridization numbers. We also explore the dependence of the pyramidalization angle with respect to some characteristics of the molecule, such as the number of atoms, the group of symmetry, and the geometrical optimization process.
Identification of the orientation of a single NV center in a nanodiamond using a three-dimensionally controlled magnetic field
Authors: Fukushige Kazuki , Kawaguchi Hiroki , Shimazaki Konosuke , Tashima Toshiyuki , Takashima Hideaki , Takeuchi Shigeki
Published: June 2020

A nanodiamond embedding a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has outstanding optical properties since it is readily manipulated and coupled with nanophotonic devices. Reliable methods to identify the orientation of an NV axis on photonic platforms are important to precisely estimate the coupling efficiency between them. We report on a method to identify the orientation of an NV axis. The proposed method consists of a single dataset of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements taken while rotating the magnetic field in a plane and a single ODMR measurement taken while applying the magnetic field in a single direction. By applying this method to a nanodiamond with a single NV center on a microscope coverslip, the orientation of the NV center is determined to be (θNV, ϕNV)=(144.6°, 52.9°) when the magnetic field is scanned in the xy-plane. When the magnetic field is scanned in the xz-plane, it is determined to be (θNV, ϕNV)=(148.0°, 45.7°) which is consistent within 5.2°. This technique will advance progress toward realizing photon-based quantum networks and quantum communication.
Finite-difference time-domain simulations of inverted cone-shaped plasmonic nanopore structures
Authors: Matsuda Rintaro , Ryuzaki Sou , Okamoto Koichi , Arima Yusuke , Tsutsui Makusu , Taniguchi Masateru , Tamada Kaoru
Published: June 2020

Plasmonic nanopore structures have been expected to play a key role in next-generation nanopore devices because plasmonic-enhanced electric fields inside nanopores potentially enable the measurement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of a single analyte passing through a nanopore. However, sufficient enhancement of the electric field inside a nanopore for SERS measurements has not been obtained. Here, we report finite-difference time-domain simulation studies of inverted cone-shaped plasmonic nanopore structures, which maximally show an ∼1000 times stronger SERS enhancement factor than that of a conventional cylindrical plasmonic nanopore structure. The enhancement was found to be achieved via nanofocusing and structural effects, causing a 1.3 and 4.7 times stronger plasmonic-enhanced electric field than that of a cylindrical structure, respectively. The present study suggests a high potential of inverted cone shapes as plasmonic nanopore structures for SERS measurement of an analyte passing through a nanopore.
Nonlinear excitation of parasitic modes in harmonic gyrotrons
Authors: Gashturi A. P. , Nusinovich G. S. , Zotova I. V. , Semenov E. S. , Sabchevski S. P. , Glyavin M. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The investigation of interaction between modes resonant with electrons at different cyclotron harmonics is presented. The study is focused on mode interaction in the region of currents lower than the start current of the parasitic mode at the fundamental. In this region, the excitation of such parasitic modes is possible due to nonlinear excitation of them by the harmonic modes only. It is shown that, when the beam current increases, various oscillation regimes replace each other: when the current exceeds the start current of the harmonic mode only slightly, the single-frequency oscillations of this mode are stable. At higher currents, due to nonlinear excitation, the oscillations of both modes with constant amplitudes are possible. Then, this regime is replaced by the auto-modulation of two modes with periodically varying mode amplitudes. Finally, at even higher currents, the parasitic mode at the fundamental suppresses the parental second harmonic mode. The role of two saturation mechanisms (the orbital phase bunching and the depletion of the free rotational energy in the process of beam-wave interaction) in the nonlinear excitation of parasitic modes at the fundamental is analyzed. The parallels between this set of events and events that take place in the prey–predator theory are discussed.
Piezoelectric wind velocity sensor based on the variation of galloping frequency with drag force
Authors: Shi Mayue , Holmes Andrew S. , Yeatman Eric M.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature energy harvesting wind velocity sensor of simple, low-cost construction, based on a single-degree-of-freedom galloping structure. The sensor consists of a prismatic bluff body with a triangular cross section attached to the free end of a cantilever incorporating a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film. In the wind, the bluff body causes vibration of the cantilever based on galloping, and the piezoelectric film converts the vibration energy into an electrical signal. We have observed a negative correlation between the wind velocity and the vibration frequency, and we demonstrate that this relationship can be used to detect wind velocity directly with useful accuracy. A simple theoretical model indicates that the frequency shift can be accounted for by the effect of the axial loading due to form drag. The model shows close agreement with the experimental results. In wind tunnel tests, a prototype wind velocity sensor based on this principle could measure wind velocities from 4.45 to 10 m/s, with the measured velocity typically being within 4% of the reference value obtained using a Pitot tube.
Entropy optimization in Darcy–Forchheimer MHD flow of water based copper and silver nanofluids with Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Shah Zahir , McCash Luthais B. , Dawar Abdullah , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: June 2020

The irreversibility examination in steady flows of water based silver and copper nanofluids between two rotating disks is presented in this paper. The Darcy–Forchheimer relation is applied to the fluid flow. The two disks are kept at constant temperatures and are rotating with angular velocities. A magnetic field along radial and tangential directions is also applied. Moreover, viscous dissipation, heat generation, and Joule heating influences are taken in the nanofluid flows. The modeled problem is treated with the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and shooting techniques. The deviations in both nanofluids due to embedded factors are shown in graphs. The HAM and shooting techniques are compared and are shown with the help of figures and tables. The leading arguments of the current study are stated in the concluding section.
Hawke’s Bay pharmacists’ activities during a campylobacter contamination of public water supply in Havelock North during 2016
Authors: Vicary Dianne , Salman Sara , Jones Nicolas , Aspden Trudi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONIn August 2016 contamination of the local water supply resulted in a significant gastroenteritis outbreak in Hawke’s Bay. The significance of the initial test result was recognised early, partly as a result of information provided by a Havelock North pharmacist to health authorities about an unusual number of requests for anti-diarrhoeal medication. AIMTo describe the breadth of activities undertaken by pharmacists working in Hawke’s Bay in August 2016, following Campylobacter jejuni contamination of the public water supply in Havelock North, New Zealand. METHODSAll pharmacists and hospital pharmacy management staff working in Hawke’s Bay in 2017 were eligible to complete the qualitative online questionnaire. Additionally, information was requested from stakeholders with known relevant experiences. Free-text responses were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. RESULTSThirteen pharmacists and two ancillary staff from community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, general practice, management, emergency response and dispensary management responded to the survey. Analysis of responses revealed three overarching themes and six sub-themes. The first was public wellbeing, with sub-themes of community information, local emergency response and pharmacy operational management. The second was pharmaceutical distribution, with a sub-theme of stock management. The third theme was clinical medicine management, with sub-themes of acute symptom management and medicine management. DISCUSSIONThe pharmacy profession appears to have played an important role in public wellbeing, pharmaceutical distribution and medicine therapy management during the outbreak. It is likely that through their actions, responding pharmacists reduced demand on other primary care services and prevented hospitalisations. Further research directions include exploring the effectiveness of community pharmacists in public health surveillance and the use of endorsed public health information to ensure consistent delivery of health messages.
Movement patterns of whale sharks in Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia, revealed through long-term satellite tagging
Authors: Meyers Megan M. , Francis Malcolm P. , Erdmann Mark , Constantine Rochelle , Sianipar Abraham
Published: June 2020

Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, are found circumglobally in tropical and warm temperate seas, exhibiting a range of residency and movement patterns. To determine spatio-temporal habitat use by juvenile male whale sharks in Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia, we collected data from June 2015 to November 2016 using 16 fin-mounted satellite tags that provided exceptionally long track durations. Fifteen tags transmitted for 48–534 days (mean=321±33, s.e.), with 13 tags transmitting for ≥220 days. Four sharks remained within the bay for the duration of the study, while of the 11 sharks that travelled outside the bay, eight left between March and May 2016. They ranged throughout coastal and offshore waters, travelling up to 5144km away from Cenderawasih Bay, with a mean horizontal speed of only 3.3km day−1±0.70, s.e. A switching state space model was fitted to satellite fix data to identify behavioural states. It revealed that sharks spent an average of 81% of their time in foraging-related behaviours, mostly in shallow waters (median depth=35m), with travelling observed mainly over deeper waters (median depth=1284m). The movement patterns reveal variable periods of residency, with individual patterns of horizontal movement most likely in response to different abiotic and biotic factors, including food availability, which may trigger seasonal dispersal.
Redefining realness
Authors: Turton Stephen
Published: June 2020

This paper furthers the goal of “queering lexicography” (Nossem 2018) by proposing a theoretical approach to analysing dictionary definitions that replaces the traditional descriptive/prescriptive binary with a model of normativity influenced by performativity theory. This is demonstrated by a critical discourse analysis of how entries forlesbian, gay, andhomosexualin four contemporary English dictionaries tacitly positionhomosexualas a neutral term against whichlesbianandgayare sociolinguistically marked. The paper also stresses the need for researchers not only to analyse how normativity is embedded in dictionaries, but to recognize the extent to which lay dictionary-users are already aware of the normative potential of lexicography, whether they embrace it or condemn it. This is explored through an incident in whichMerriam-Webster’saddition of the wordgenderqueerto its online dictionary in 2016 became the subject of public scrutiny and contestation on social media.
Sensitivity analysis of effective transverse shear viscoelastic and diffusional properties of myelinated white matter
Authors: Sullivan Daniel J , Wu Xuehai , Gallo Nicolas R , Naughton Noel M , Georgiadis John G , Pelegri Assimina A
Published: June 2020

Motivated by the need to interpret the results from a combined use of in vivo brain Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), we developed a computational framework to study the sensitivity of single-frequency MRE and DTI metrics to white matter microstructure and cell-level mechanical and diffusional properties. White matter was modeled as a triphasic unidirectional composite, consisting of parallel cylindrical inclusions (axons) surrounded by sheaths (myelin), and embedded in a matrix (glial cells plus extracellular matrix). Only 2D mechanics and diffusion in the transverse plane (perpendicular to the axon direction) was considered, and homogenized (effective) properties were derived for a periodic domain containing a single axon. The numerical solutions of the MRE problem were performed with ABAQUS and by employing a sophisticated boundary-conforming grid generation scheme. Based on the linear viscoelastic response to harmonic shear excitation and steady-state diffusion in the transverse plane, a systematic sensitivity analysis of MRE metrics (effective transverse shear storage and loss moduli) and DTI metric (effective radial diffusivity) was performed for a wide range of microstructural and intrinsic (phase-based) physical properties. The microstructural properties considered were fiber volume fraction, and the myelin sheath/axon diameter ratio. The MRE and DTI metrics are very sensitive to the fiber volume fraction, and the intrinsic viscoelastic moduli of the glial phase. The MRE metrics are nonlinear functions of the fiber volume fraction, but the effective diffusion coefficient varies linearly with it. Finally, the transverse metrics of both MRE and DTI are insensitive to the axon diameter in steady state. Our results are consistent with the limited anisotropic MRE and co-registered DTI measurements, mainly in the corpus callosum, available in the literature. We conclude that isotropic MRE and DTI constitutive models are good approximations for myelinated white matter in the transverse plane. The unidirectional composite model presented here is used for the first time to model harmonic shear stress under MRE-relevant frequency on the cell level. This model can be extended to 3D in order to inform the solution of the inverse problem in MRE, establish the biological basis of MRE metrics, and integrate MRE/DTI with other modalities towards increasing the specificity of neuroimaging.