bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importância do estudo das construções de carreira de adultos(as) emergentes no pós-pandemia: revisão narrativa e agenda de pesquisa para a orientação profissional e de carreira
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo Afonso
Published: January 2024

A crise gerada pela pandemia da covid-19 vem impactando o mundo do trabalho e os(as) adultos(as) emergentes estão se configurando como um dos grupos que será mais afetado no pós-pandemia, pois irão reconstruir esse mundo e ditar as tendências para seu futuro. Assim, este artigo propôs uma revisão narrativa que legitimasse a importância do estudo das construções de carreira de adultos(as) emergentes no pós-pandemia e as potenciais implicações para a orientação profissional e de carreira (OPC). Para tal, identificou o cenário para potenciais agendas de pesquisa pós-pandemia no campo de estudos do trabalho e sistematizou o estado da arte de estudos sobre construção da carreira de adultos(as) emergentes no Brasil, as lacunas de pesquisas e intervenções em OPC e os principais impactos gerados pela pandemia, destacando os impactos específicos para os(as) adultos(as) emergentes. Todas essas sistematizações apontaram a necessidade de estudar a vida de trabalho desse grupo, que se encontra sub-representado nos estudos de trabalho em geral, com destaque para o campo da OPC, e que, potencialmente, deve sofrer consequências significativas e relevantes no pós-pandemia.
Vivências subjetivas de profissionais que realizam Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador
Authors: Zambroni-de-Souza Paulo César , Santos Jennifer Oliveira Amaro dos , Close María Noel , Araújo Anísio José da Silva , Bolis Ivan
Published: January 2024

Este artigo objetiva compreender a mobilização subjetiva que surge na atividade de trabalho de profissionais que realizam Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador (Visat). Participaram deste estudo cinco trabalhadores, de ambos os sexos, de um Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest) da capital de um estado do Nordeste do Brasil, os quais foram entrevistados nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. Os materiais produzidos foram analisados à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os resultados mostram que sua fonte de sofrimento está ligada ao que é vivido pelos trabalhadores das empresas que passam por Visat, cujos problemas relacionados à precarização muitas vezes ficam sem solução. Ao lado disso, aqueles que fazem Visat também se percebem muitas vezes precarizados em seus salários, vínculos e condições de trabalho. Finalmente, a falta de estrutura e investimento em saúde do trabalhador, assim como a legislação, em especial a municipal, deixa-os com grandes dificuldades de realizar o seu trabalho.
Vivências de professores(as) no contexto do ensino remoto em período de pandemia: a inserção do trabalho remoto e as repercussões em sua saúde mental
Authors: Mendes Anna Patrícia Barros , Silva Edil Ferreira da
Published: January 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as vivências subjetivas de professores(as) em relação às transformações que ocorreram em sua prática docente com a adoção do trabalho remoto no contexto da pandemia da covid-19. Para isso, utilizou-se, como arcabouço teórico-metodológico, a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, cujos dados foram coletados em encontros coletivos de discussão via Google Meet. Os resultados foram organizados em núcleos dos sentidos, que caracterizam o contexto de trabalho nas dimensões “condições” e “organização do trabalho”. O estudo mostrou que o trabalho em contexto remoto favoreceu as vivências de sofrimento nos(as) professores(as), que foram acometidos de sofrimento patogênico e sofrimento criativo. Espera-se que esses resultados possam subsidiar ações em políticas públicas, voltadas para o fazer do profissional docente, e orientar pesquisas subsequentes sobre temas correlatos.
Experiências de precarização do trabalho na América Latina: migração e empreendedorismo como apostas para o futuro
Authors: Barros Carolyne Reis , Pujol Andrea , Araújo José Newton Garcia de
Published: January 2024

A análise do trabalho convoca à ampliação de referências epistemológicas e metodológicas para produzir transformações a partir de suas distintas realidades e dimensões. Nesse sentido, as abordagens das Clínicas do Trabalho se mostram como um caminho para compreender as relações entre subjetividade e trabalho, considerando suas condições concretas. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, com base nas Clínicas do Trabalho, a relação entre processos de trabalho precarizado e a subjetividade de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, em dois contextos laborais e territoriais distintos. Assim, parte-se de duas pesquisas para pensar esta mobilização. Na primeira, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com haitianos(as) que residiam em Contagem/MG, a fim de compreendermos as dimensões psicossociais da migração para migrantes haitianos a partir das categorias território e trabalho. A segunda pesquisa buscou compreender as trajetórias empreendedoras no Uruguai e na Argentina a partir de um estudo sobre empreendedorismo nos dois países, que incluiu entrevistas biográficas com 18 empreendedores. Tais experiências possuem em comum a presença do desemprego nas trajetórias laborais de trabalhadoras e trabalhadores entrevistados(as) e uma característica básica do precariado: a ausência de um projeto de futuro que possibilite a construção de existências emancipatórias, o que pode ser fonte de sofrimento psíquico.
Análise do trabalho na justiça trabalhista: o olhar da clínica da atividade
Authors: Melo Rosane Helena Cardoso de , Torres Tatiana de Lucena , Moura Erick Idalino , Falcão Jorge Tarcisio da Rocha
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo saúde-adoecimento mental de secretários de audiência do judiciário trabalhista da Paraíba, que acompanham os juízes nas audiências (contato com as partes, digitação dos termos, encaminhamentos). A clínica da atividade foi o aporte teórico-metodológico escolhido, com o uso da técnica de instrução ao sósia, complementada por entrevistas semiestruturadas e delineamento descritivo para informações sociodemográficas dos participantes. Destacamos como resultados: (a) as relações interpessoais laborais fomentaram ou desregularam a saúde mental dos trabalhadores; (b) o excesso de atribuições, o distanciamento dos pares e inexistência de pausas durante a execução das tarefas favoreceram vivências de sofrimento e impotência; (c) o enfraquecimento dos coletivos e do gênero profissional se relacionaram com a perda da saúde; por outro lado, (d) houve formas de escapar às limitações da atividade, pelos instrumentos criados pelos trabalhadores para se reinventarem e a personalizarem. A articulação entre os secretários de audiências enquanto coletivo de trabalho pode fomentar ações de proteção à saúde mental desses trabalhadores.
Apresentação. Precarização do trabalho e fragilização da vida: desafios para a psicologia do trabalho na atualidade
Authors: Máximo Thaís Augusta Cunha de Oliveira , Barros Vanessa Andrade de
Published: January 2024

Esta apresentação refere-se ao dossiê "Precarização do trabalho e fragilização da vida: desafios para a psicologia do trabalho na atualidade", que buscou, por meio da difusão desses artigos, colocar em pauta as transformações e a precarização do trabalho e sua relação com a vida de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, interrogando e refletindo sobre a ofensiva do capital na atualidade dos mundos do trabalho e suas  repercussões na saúde e subjetividade dos trabalhadores, alvo do avanço histórico de políticas neoliberais e do desmonte dos serviços e políticas sociais. Pretendemos também trazer reflexões sobre experiências e possibilidades de resistência como instrumentos políticos de fortalecimento da classe trabalhadora.
“Any Outsider Who Encroaches Will Be Put to Death”: Numbers 18:7 and its Interpretation in Second Temple Literature
Authors: Birenboim Hanan
Published: January 2024

In its biblical context, the injunction stipulating that “the outsider who encroaches shall be put to death” seems to apply to any non-priest or non-Levite who tries to participate in the tabernacle services. This interpretation seems to have been adopted during the Second Temple period, as attested to by the Temple Scroll (11QTa). There is no source that states that an unauthorized entrant to the temple is subject to capital punishment, except for a gentile: Philo and Josephus write that a gentile who enters the temple court is subject to the death penalty. Several scholars propose that this punishment derives from a reinterpretation of the biblical injunction, and it seems that this interpretation originated during the Hasmonean rebellion. The claim that Herod innovated the injunction subjecting a gentile who ascended beyond the balustrade to death is difficult to accept.
The International Organization for Migration as a Counterweight to States?
Authors: Ahouga Younes
Published: January 2024

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is commonly described as a functional intergovernmental organization (IGO) that performs tasks on behalf of Member States. However, recent changes within IOM suggest its transformation into a hybrid IGO that promotes widely shared norms and social goals. One facet of this transformation aims to constitute IOM as a counterweight to the Member States. Leveraging pressures to adapt to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Global Compact for Migration, IOM sought to increase its authority and autonomy by drafting the Strategic Vision. This article conducts a critical discourse analysis of the Strategic Vision to emphasize how it proclaimed the normative role of IOM; centralized its structure, funding, and organizational routines; and changed the expression of its expert and moral authority. The article demonstrates that functional IGO s do not refer to norms and social goals solely to secure legitimacy.
The Right to International Solidarity
Authors: Popovski Vesselin
Published: January 2024

This article argues for the need to codify and implement a new human right—the right to international solidarity. Similar to the right to peace, the right to development, and the right to clean environment, such a new right would express the interconnectedness of peoples and generations in recognition of a shared agency and responsibility to cooperate with each other to address pressing global common challenges.
From Hucksters to Holy Men
Authors: Carter Caleb
Published: January 2024

Men who roamed Japan’s mountains, conducting austerities for the benefit of themselves and others, have been historically viewed along an opposing set of extremes, ranging from wonderworkers, immortals, and other Buddhist ideal types to charlatans, social deviants, and subhumans. The ascetic’s ritual space—the mountains—functioned as a geographical other that could either arouse Buddhist awakening or strange, demonic forces. Against this extreme ambivalence toward mountains and mountain ascetics, organized religion offered a means to transcend the margins and find a secure place within society. After examining opposing depictions of medieval ascetics, this article explores an attempt within Shugendō to thoroughly remake their image. While the institutionalization of Shugendō has often been equated with spiritual decline, actors within Shugendō in fact sought to transform the body of the ascetic from an uncanny spectacle into a manifestation of the divine, thereby constructing a new identity for its practitioners.
Can We Flee the Plague? A Theological, Moral and Practical Issue in the Early Islamicate World
Authors: Pierre Simon V.
Published: January 2024

Early Islam witnessed several outbreaks of the first plague of Justinian (541–549 CE), until 132/749 when it disappeared as fast as it appeared. One of the main issues for societies confronted with such recurrent epidemics was to accept destiny and protect their lives and social organization while still assuming that contagion was speculative and that the disease came from the divine punishment of sinners. Based on the archetypal plague of ʿAmwās (Emmaus, 17–18/638–639), fleeing appears to have been considered as an act of disobedience to God’s will. In order to date these Islamic thoughts and traditions, we rely on Syriac and Greek similar considerations on the usefulness to escape an infested town or country or not, as reflected in Bar Penkāyē’s (fl. late first/seventh century) tragic depiction of the epidemic of 67/687. As the Islamic armies were confronted to major surges of pestilence during their campaigns and had to interpret them as a legitimate cause of martyrdom, while fleeing was considered desertion. Meanwhile, Anastasius Sinaita (d. ca. 80/700) tried to understand how Arabia could be protected from the mortality that cursed Palestine, and thus inferred that not all plagues were supernatural punishments.
Species of Ammothereva Lyneborg, 1984 (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae: Cyclotelini) from China
Authors: LIU SI-PEI , GAIMARI STEPHEN D. , YANG DING
Published: January 2024

The genus Ammothereva Lyneborg, 1984 is recorded from China for the first time. Three species, A. nuda sp. nov., A. flavifemorata sp. nov. and A. brevis sp. nov., from Northwest China are described as new to science. A key to males of all species of Ammothereva is presented, along with a distribution map for the three Chinese species.
Two new species of Atrichopogon Kieffer from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: FELIPPE-BAUER MARIA LUIZA , DA SILVA TIAGO DO NASCIMENTO , ALVES JOÃO RICARDO CARREIRA
Published: January 2024

Two new species of Atrichopogon, A. dactilus Felippe-Bauer and A. cavus Felippe-Bauer are described and illustrated based on male and female specimens from the southeast region of Brazil. The new species are compared with the other eight species of Neotropical Atrichopogon with distinctively pigmented wings and a key to the males of the species is provided.
Review of the genus Tetralicia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and description of two new species of whiteflies found on avocado trees in Peru
Authors: V. LUIS VALENCIA , EVANS GREGORY A.
Published: January 2024

Two new species, Tetralicia sawyeri n. sp. and Aleuroplatus martini n. sp. found on avocado (Persea americana) trees in Peru are described and illustrated. The synonymy of Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson, 1956 n. syn. with Tetralicia Harrison, 1917 is proposed and a review and an illustrated key to the 39 species of Tetralicia of the world based on characteristics of the puparia is provided. Thirty-three species are transferred from Aleuropleurocelus to Tetralicia. A lectotype is designated for Aleurodes abnormis Quaintance, 1900. Aleurotrachelus gratiosus Bondar, 1923 is transferred to the genus Aleuroplatus. Paracarniella mexicana (Distant) and Adparaproba cf. yungensis Carvalho (Hemiptera: Miridae) are recorded for the first time in Peru and are important predators of both new whitefly species. Other natural enemies of these whiteflies found in the study include predatory species: Nephaspis isabelae González (Coccinellidae), Chrysoperla sp., Ceraeochrysa sp. (Chrysopidae) and Gasteracantha cancriformis L. (Araneidae) as well as Encarsia brasiliensis Hempel, a common whitefly parasitoid in the Neotropics. A key to the New World genera of whiteflies similar to Aleuroplatus and Tetralicia is provided.
Taxonomic notes on two antlion genera Holzezus Krivokhatsky, 1992 and Subgulina Krivokhatsky, 1996 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Myrmecaelurini) from China
Authors: ZHENG YUCHEN , LIU ZIJUN , ZHANG DONG , LIU XINGYUE
Published: January 2024

A little-known antlion genus, i.e., Holzezus Krivokhatsky, 1992, with its type species H. compactus Krivokhatsky, 1992, is first recorded from China based on newly collected specimens from Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang. In this region, another rare genus Subgulina Krivokhatsky, 1996, with its type species S. kerzhneri Krivokhatsky, 1996, in which the males possess a sac-like structure from the gula, is rediscovered from China. In addition, we briefly discuss the complicated phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Myrmecaelurini and other related lineages with similar habitat preference to the arid areas.
Living with trimethylaminuria and body and breath malodour: personal perspectives
Authors: Flaherty Cole C. , Phillips Ian R. , Janmohamed Azara , Shephard Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Many people suffer from body and breath malodour syndromes. One of these is trimethylaminuria, a condition characterized by excretion in breath and bodily fluids of trimethylamine, a volatile and odorous chemical that has the smell of rotting fish. Trimethylaminuria can be primary, due to mutations in the gene encoding flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, or secondary, due to various causes. To gain a better understanding of problems faced by United Kingdom residents affected by body and breath malodour conditions, we conducted a survey.

Methods

Two anonymous online surveys, one for adults and one for parents/guardians of affected children, were conducted using the Opinio platform. Participants were invited via a trimethylaminuria advisory website. Questions were a mix of dropdown, checkbox and open-ended responses. Forty-four adults and three parents/guardians participated. The dropdown and checkbox responses were analysed using the Opinio platform.

Results

All participants reported symptoms of body/breath odour. However, not all answered every question. Twenty-three respondents experienced difficulties in being offered a diagnostic test for trimethylaminuria. Problems encountered included lack of awareness of the disorder by medical professionals and reluctance to recognise symptoms. Of those tested, 52% were diagnosed with trimethylaminuria. The main problems associated with living with body/breath malodours were bullying, harassment and ostracism in either the workplace (90%) or in social settings (88%). All respondents thought their condition had disadvantaged them in their daily lives. Open-ended responses included loss of confidence, stress, exclusion, isolation, loneliness, depression and suicidal thoughts. Respondents thought their lives could be improved by greater awareness and understanding of malodour conditions by medical professionals, employers and the general public, and appreciation that the malodour was due to a medical condition and not their fault.

Conclusions

Breath and body malodour conditions can cause immense hardship and distress, both mentally and socially, having devastating effects on quality of life. It would be advantageous to establish a standardised pathway from primary care to a specialist unit with access to a robust and reliable test and diagnostic criteria. There is a need to recognise malodour disorders as a disability, giving affected individuals the same rights as those with currently recognised disabilities.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system: first clinical experience with a novel tele-assistance approach (IDEAL stage 1)
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Xiang , Zhou Xuan , Tian Jin-yong , Wubuli Muhetaer , Ye Xin-hua , Li Jie , Song Ning-hong
Published: January 2024

Background

To demonstrate the technical feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system (RTDS) in a complex kidney-stone (CKS) cohort and present our preliminary outcomes. PCNL is highly skill-required, which hinders it popularization in primary medical units of remote regions. We designed an innovative tele-assistance approach to make PCNL easy to be operated by inexperienced surgeons.

Methods

This was a prospective proof-of-concept study (IDEAL phase 1) on intraoperative tele-assistance provided by online urological experts via a 5G-powered RTDS. Total 15 CKS patients accepted this technology. Online experts manipulated a simulated probe to assist unskilled local operators by driving a patient-side robot-probe to guide and monitor the steps of access establishment and finding residual stones.

Results

Median total delay was 177ms despite one-way network-connecting distance > 5,800 km. No perceptible delay of audio-visual communication, driving robot-arm or dynamic ultrasound images was fed back. Successful tele-assistance was obtained in all cases. The first-puncture access-success rate was 78.6% with a one-session SF rate of 71.3% and without complications of grade III-V.

Conclusions

The current technology based on 5G-powered RTDS can provide high-quality intraoperative tele-assistance, which has preliminarily shown satisfactory outcomes and reliable safety. It will break down a personal competence-based barrier to endow PCNL with more popular utilization.

Trial registration

The study was approved by ethics committee of the Xinjiang Kezhou People’s Hospital and ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and was registered on http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200065849, 16/11/2022).
Synthesis and characterisation of microcapsules for self-healing dental resin composites
Authors: Althaqafi Khaled Abid , Satterthwaite Julian , AlShabib Abdulrahman , Silikas Nikolaos
Published: January 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to i) synthesise TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules in a laboratory setting; ii) characterise the resultant microcapsules for quality measures.

Materials & methods

Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization of PUF shells. Microcapsules characterisation include size analysis, optical and SEM microscopy to measure the diameter and analyse the morphology of PUF microcapsules. FT-IR spectrometer evaluated microcapsules and benzyl peroxide catalyst polymerization independently.

Result

Average diameter of TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules was 120 ± 45 μm (n: 100). SEM imaging of the capsular shell revealed a smooth outer surface with deposits of PUF nanoparticles that facilitate resin matrix retention to the microcapsules upon composite fracture. FT-IR spectra showed that microcapsules crushed with BPO catalyst had degree of conversion reached to 60.3%.

Conclusion

TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules were synthesised according to the selected parameters. The synthesised microcapsules have a self-healing potential when embedded into dental resin composite as will be demonstrated in our future work.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract showing the microcapsule components. The shell contains poly(urea-formaldehyde), and the core consists of TEGDMA-DHEPT healing agents.
Palliative care training in medical undergraduate education: a survey among the faculty
Authors: Suija Kadri , Mason Stephen R. , Elsner Frank , Paal Piret
Published: January 2024

Background

A minority of European countries have compulsory training in palliative care within all medical schools. The aim of the study was to examine palliative care education in Estonia.

Methods

We used the adapted version of the Palliative Education Assessment Tool (PEAT) to evaluate palliative care education at the University of Tartu, the only medical school in Estonia. The PEAT comprises of different palliative care domains and allows for assessing the curricula for palliative care education.

Results

26 hours (h) of palliative care is taught within the basic medical curriculum, which is divided between 14 courses. Ethical issues (4 h, lecture and seminar) and basics of palliative care (2.5 h, lecture) are well covered however, pain and symptom management (12.5 h, lecture, seminar, workshop), psychosocial, spiritual aspects (5.5 h, seminar), and communication (1.5 h, lecture) teaching do not reach the recommended number of hours. Teamwork and self-reflection are not taught at all.

Conclusions

Increased time, more diverse teaching strategies and clear learning outcomes are required to enable the development of palliative care education in Estonia. The teaching and learning of palliative care is a process that requires constant development and collaboration.
Prevalence and associated factors of sexual dysfunction in female hemodialysis patients: first report from Somalia
Authors: Eraslan Asir , Mohamed Abdikarim Hussein , Bashir Ahmed Muhammad , Adani Abdulkamil Abdullahi , Cimen Sertac
Published: January 2024

Background

Sexual dysfunction is frequent in female hemodialysis patients and is related to poorer quality of life. It is often a neglected topic associated with marked distress and interpersonal difficulties.

Objective

Few studies are reported from Sub-Saharan African Countries (SSA) regarding female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in (HD) patients. The study aims to explore the prevalence and associated factors of FSD in female HD at a sole dialysis centre in Somalia.

Method

Over a one-month period, a cross-sectional study was conducted among women with end-stage renal disease aged 18–50 years who were undergoing a dialysis program for at least three months at the dialysis center of our hospital. The participants were married, and they were living with their partners. Data regarding the sociodemographic features, clinical characteristics, frequency of sexual intercourse per week, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were collected using a standard face-to-face interview questionnaire.

Results

During the study period, a total of 115 participants were eligible for the study’s inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 38.5 ± 9.3 years. The most common cause of ESRD was diabetes, which accounted for 53%, followed by hypertension (26.1%) and glomerulonephritis (9.6%). The mean duration of dialysis was 2.9 ± 1.4 years, and approximately two-thirds of the participants (62.5%) were in the program for more than three years. Regarding the frequency of sexual intercourse, 61.7% of female participants performed sexual intercourse less than once time/a week. The prevalence of FSD was 92.2% (n = 106) of all participants. The mean FSFI score of the participants was 16.05 ± 4.48. Longer duration of dialysis program (i.e., more than four years), increasing age (i.e., > 35 years), those with diabetes had scored lower overall FSFI scores.

Conclusion

The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among Somali female hemodialysis patients was very high, representing a significant problem in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study findings revealed that increasing age, diabetes, and duration of dialysis negatively impact female sexual function and are significantly associated with FSD.
How COVID-19 has changed the utilization of different health care services in Poland
Authors: Mrożek-Gąsiorowska Magdalena , Tambor Marzena
Published: January 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care systems in many ways, including access to and the use of non-COVID services. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the utilization of different public health care services in Poland.

Methods

The aggregated data on health care users and provided services for the years 2015/2016–2021 were used to analyse the changes in health care utilization during the pandemic and deviations from pre-pandemic utilization trends. Quantitative analysis was complemented with qualitative descriptions of the changes in principles of health care provision during the pandemic.

Results

The results show a considerable drop in the provision of most health care services in 2020 that in some cases disturbed pre-pandemic utilization trends and was not made up for in 2021. The most significant decrease has been observed in the field of preventive and public health services, as well as rehabilitation. The provision of these services was put on hold during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The accumulated COVID-19-related “health debt” urgently calls for government actions to strengthen disease prevention and health promotion in Poland.
A formula for predicting emphysema extent in combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Wells Athol U. , Jacob Joseph , Sverzellati Nicola , Cross Gary , Barnett Joseph , De Lauretis Angelo , Antoniou Katerina , Weycker Derek , Atwood Mark , Kirchgaessler Klaus-Uwe , Cottin Vincent
Published: January 2024

Background

No single pulmonary function test captures the functional effect of emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Without experienced radiologists, other methods are needed to determine emphysema extent. Here, we report the development and validation of a formula to predict emphysema extent in patients with IPF and emphysema.

Methods

The development cohort included 76 patients with combined IPF and emphysema at the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom. The formula was derived using stepwise regression to generate the weighted combination of pulmonary function data that fitted best with emphysema extent on high-resolution computed tomography. Test cohorts included patients from two clinical trials (n = 455 [n = 174 with emphysema]; NCT00047645, NCT00075998) and a real-world cohort from the Royal Brompton Hospital (n = 191 [n = 110 with emphysema]). The formula is only applicable for patients with IPF and concomitant emphysema and accordingly was not used to detect the presence or absence of emphysema.

Results

The formula was: predicted emphysema extent = 12.67 + (0.92 x percent predicted forced vital capacity) – (0.65 x percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second) – (0.52 x percent predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity). A significant relationship between the formula and observed emphysema extent was found in both cohorts (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.0001; R2 = 0.47, P < 0.0001, respectively). In both, the formula better predicted observed emphysema extent versus individual pulmonary function tests. A 15% emphysema extent threshold, calculated using the formula, identified a significant difference in absolute changes from baseline in forced vital capacity at Week 48 in patients with baseline-predicted emphysema extent < 15% versus ≥ 15% (P = 0.0105).

Conclusion

The formula, designed for use in patients with IPF and emphysema, demonstrated enhanced ability to predict emphysema extent versus individual pulmonary function tests.

Trial registration

NCT00047645; NCT00075998.
In-vitro susceptibility and ex-vivo evaluation of macrocyclic lactone endectocides sub-lethal concentrations against Plasmodium vivax oocyst development in Anopheles arabiensis
Authors: Zeleke Gemechu , Duchateau Luc , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Suleman Sultan , Devreese Mathias
Published: January 2024

Background

Asymptomatic malaria transmission has become a public health concern across malaria-endemic Africa including Ethiopia. Specifically, Plasmodium vivax is more efficient at transmitting earlier in the infection and at lower densities than Plasmodium falciparum. Consequently, a greater proportion of individuals infected with P. vivax can transmit without detectable gametocytaemia. Mass treatment of livestock with macrocyclic lactones (MLs), e.g., ivermectin and doramectin, was suggested as a complementary malaria vector tool because of their insecticidal effects. However, the effects of MLs on P. vivax in Anopheles arabiensis has not yet been fully explored. Hence, comparative in-vitro susceptibility and ex-vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin sub-lethal concentrations on P. vivax oocyst development in An. arabiensis.

Methods

The 7-day sub-lethal concentrations of 25% (LC25) and 5% (LC5) were determined from in-vitro susceptibility tests on female An. arabiensis in Hemotek® membrane feeding assay. Next, an ex-vivo study was conducted using P. vivax gametocytes infected patient’s blood spiked with the LC25 and LC5 of the MLs. At 7-days post-feeding, each mosquito was dissected under a dissection stereo microscope, stained with 0.5% (w/v) mercurochrome solution, and examined for the presence of P. vivax oocysts. Statistical analysis was based on a generalized mixed model with binomially distributed error terms.

Results

A 7-day lethal concentration of 25% (LC25, in ng/mL) of 7.1 (95% CI: [6.3;8.0]), 20.0 (95%CI:[17.8;22.5]) and 794.3 (95%CI:[716.4;1516.3]) were obtained for ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin, respectively. Similarly, a lethal concentration of 5% (LC5, in ng/mL) of 0.6 (95% CI: [0.5;0.7]), 1.8 (95% CI:[1.6;2.0]) and 53.7 (95% CI:[ 48.4;102.5]) were obtained respectively for ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin. The oocyst prevalence in treatment and control groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from each other. Therefore, no direct effect of ML endectocides on P. vivax infection in An. arabiensis mosquitoes was observed at the sub-lethal concentration (LC25 and LC5).

Conclusions

The effects of ivermectin and doramectin on malaria parasite is more likely via indirect effects, particularly by reducing the vectors lifespan and causing mortality before completing the parasite’s sporogony cycle or reducing their vector capacity as it affects the locomotor activity of the mosquito.
Promoting breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in high-income settings: an integrative review
Authors: Otter Georgia , Davis Deborah , Kurz Ella , Hooper Mary-Ellen , Shield Alison , Samarawickrema Indira , Spiller Sarah , Atchan Marjorie
Published: January 2024

Background

Breastfeeding provides many short- and long-term health benefits for mothers and their infants and is a particularly relevant strategy for women who experience Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. However, breastfeeding rates are generally lower amongst this group of women than the general population. This review’s objective is to identify the factors that influence breastfeeding by exploring the experiences and outcomes of women in in high-income health care contexts when there is a history of GDM in the corresponding pregnancy.

Methods

A comprehensive search strategy explored the electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus for primary studies exploring breastfeeding practices for papers published between January 2011 and June 2023. All papers were screened independently by two researchers with included papers assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal tool. Findings were analysed using a narrative synthesis framework.

Results

From an initial search result of 1037 papers, 16 papers representing five high-income nations were included in this review for analysis – the United States of America (n = 10), Australia (n = 3), Finland (n = 1), Norway (n = 1), and Israel (n = 1). Fifteen papers used a quantitative design, and one used a qualitative design. The total number of participants represented in the papers is 963,718 of which 812,052 had GDM and 151,666 did not. Women with an immediate history of GDM were as likely to initiate breastfeeding as those without it. However, they were more likely to have the first feed delayed, be offered supplementation, experience delayed lactogenesis II and or a perception of low supply. Women were less likely to exclusively breastfeed and more likely to completely wean earlier than the general population. Maternity care practices, maternal factors, family influences, and determinants of health were contextual and acted as either a facilitator or barrier for this group.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding education and support need to be tailored to recognise the individual needs and challenges of women with a history of GDM. Interventions, including the introduction of commercial milk formula (CMF) may have an even greater impact and needs to be very carefully considered. Supportive strategies should encompass the immediate and extended family who are major sources of influence.
Is radiotherapy necessary for upper rectal cancer underwent curative resection? A retrospective study of 363 patients
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Zhou Jumei , Liu Ke , Chen Sisi , Wu Qinghui , Peng Lin , Zhao Wei , Zhu Suyu
Published: January 2024

Background

To investigate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) on recurrence and survival in patients with locally advanced upper rectal cancer underwent curative resection.

Methods

363 locally advanced upper rectal cancer cases were identified from the database of our hospital from 2010 to 2018. All patients underwent curative resection and had the lower margin of the tumor located 10–15 cm from the anal verge, among them, 69 patients received pre- or post-operative radiotherapy and 294 patients without. Local control and survivals were compared, and stratification grouping based on European Society for Medical Oncology risk factors were further compared. 1:2 propensity score matching analysis was used to reduce the impact of confounding factors.

Results

There were 207 patients after 1:2 matching (RT group:non-RT group = 69:138). The 5-year overall survival (OS) of the RT group and non-RT group after matching was 84.1% and 80.9%, respectively(P = 0.440); the 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 96.5% and 94.7%, respectively(P = 0.364); the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 76.8% and 76.9%, respectively(P = 0.531). Subgroup analysis showed that radiotherapy could not significantly improve the overall survival, local recurrence, and distant metastasis with or without poor prognostic features. In the high-risk subgroup, the 5-year OS was 76.9% and 79.6% for patients treated with radiotherapy and without (P = 0.798), LRFS was 94.8% and 94.2%, respectively (P = 0.605), DMFS 68.7% and 74.7%, respectively (P = 0.233).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that radiotherapy could not improve local control and survival for locally advanced upper rectal cancer patients underwent curative resection, even in the cases with poor prognostic features.
Li-Fraumeni syndrome presenting with de novo TP53 mutation, severe phenotype and advanced paternal age: a case report
Authors: Arango-Ibañez Juan Pablo , Parra-Lara Luis Gabriel , Zambrano Ángela R. , Rodríguez-Rojas Lisa Ximena
Published: January 2024

Background

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the gene TP53. This gene codes for the P53 protein, a crucial player in genomic stability, which functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Individuals with LFS frequently develop multiple primary tumors at a young age, such as soft tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors.

Case presentation

A 38 years-old female with a history of femur osteosarcoma, ductal carcinoma of the breast, high-grade breast sarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma of the left upper limb, infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast, gastric adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma of the right upper limb, and high-grade pleomorphic renal sarcoma. Complete molecular sequencing of the TP53 gene showed c.586 C > T (p.R196X) in exon 6, which is a nonsense mutation that produces a shorter and malfunctioning P53. Family history includes advanced father’s age at the time of conception (75 years), which has been associated with an increased risk of de novo germline mutations. The patient had seven paternal half-siblings with no cancer history. The patient received multiple treatments including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, but died at the age of 38.

Conclusions

Advanced paternal age is a risk factor to consider when hereditary cancer syndrome is suspected. Early detection of hereditary cancer syndromes and their multi-disciplinary surveillance and treatment is important to improve clinical outcomes for these patients. Further investigation of the relationship between the pathogenic variant of TP53 and its phenotype may guide the stratification of surveillance and treatment.
Three solutions for fractional elliptic systems involving ψ-Hilfer operator
Authors: Guefaifia Rafik , Bouali Tahar , Boulaaras Salah
Published: January 2024

In this paper, using variational methods introduced in the previous study on fractional elliptic systems, we prove the existence of at least three weak solutions for an elliptic nonlinear system with a p-Laplacian ψ-Hilfer operator.
Fascist Racism and Modernist Animals: Toward a Posthuman Sovereignty
Authors: Hall Chris
Published: January 2024

This article reads modernist animals against the dominating strategies of fascist racism, examining the hierarchization of bodies along the human/nonhuman divide in Ezra Pound’s Pisan Cantos and Virginia Woolf’s Flush and how the animals in both works challenge the integrity of the human category. Through this analysis, these texts raise urgent biopolitical concerns regarding the regulation of life and the “properly” human, each deploying nonhuman animals in responses (pro and con) to mid-twentieth-century European fascism. Yet the nonhuman exceeds human representation, even as it comes to be constitutive of a humanity predicated on a sovereign distinction from and dominance over those who are dehumanized through mechanisms of race and species. This nonhumanization, I argue, also opens new forms of life, as the contamination of the human by its other that plays out in these authors’ modernist biopolitics reveals sovereign capacities that are distinctly posthuman.
Η σύγχρονη κρατική παρεμβατικότητα και το σχήμα της ρυθμιστικής διοίκησης
Authors: Μπαλτά Ιωάννα
Published: January 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται τα σύγχρονα μέσα, μεθόδους, μηχανισμούς και διαδικασίες κρατικής παρέμβασης υπό το πνεύμα της νέας ρυθμιστικής τάξης και υπό το φως των προκρινόμενων οργανωτικών προτύπων ρυθμιστικής διακυβέρνησης. Επιχειρείται η ιστορική, εννοιολογική και θεωρητική πλαισίωση των όρων «ρύθμιση», «μεταρρύθμιση», «επιτελικότητα», «αγορά», «κράτος», «διακυβέρνηση». Παρατίθενται αναλυτικώς τα επικρατέστερα αντιληπτικά σχήματα πλείστων θεωριών (αναλυτικών και θετικών) και σκιαγραφείται η ρυθμιστική ικανότητα του κράτους κατά την ιστορική μετεξέλιξή του από Κράτος Δικαίου σε Κράτος Πρόνοιας, ακολούθως σε Κράτος – Ρυθμιστή και εν τέλει, σε Κράτος – Στρατηγό, υιοθετώντας τη θέση πως ο ρυθμιστικός, προγραμματικός, διαπλαστικός και κατευθυντήριος χαρακτήρας του Κράτους σε όλες τις ιστορικές εμφανίσεις του κρατικού φαινομένου συνιστά εγγενές και όχι, προσδιοριστικό στοιχείο αυτού. Επιδιώκεται η συνθετική και ολιστική προσέγγιση του ρυθμιστικού φαινομένου και η ανάδειξη της «επικοινωνίας» αγοράς – κράτους με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στο δεοντικό, αξιακό στοιχείο και στη συναρμογή αυτού με τις αξιώσεις παραγωγικότητας, αποδοτικότητας και αποτελεσματικότητας της διοικητικής δράσης. Προάγεται, επομένως, η ένταξη της ηθικής ως κριτηρίου μέτρησης της παραγωγικότητας και της ποιότητας της ρυθμιστικής παρεμβατικότητας, κατόπιν ενδελεχούς εξέτασης επιμέρους τομέων που λόγω των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών τους, αποτελούν αντικείμενο συστηματικής ρυθμιστικής παρέμβασης. Η ηθική, όπως αυτή εμπεδώνεται στο δίκαιο, προβάλλεται πρώτον, ως δείκτης αποδοτικότητας, καταρρίπτοντας ακραίες θέσεις περί του αντι – αναπτυξιακού της χαρακτήρα, δεύτερον, ως μηχανισμός διαμόρφωσης, εφαρμογής, παρακολούθησης και αξιολόγησης της ρυθμιστικής πολιτικής και τρίτον, ως δικαιοπολιτικό θεμέλιο της δημοκρατικότητας, της διαφάνειας και της ακεραιότητας της διοικητικής δράσης.
Sudański „eksperyment” islamistyczny Hasana at-Turabiego
Authors: Zasuń Anna
Published: January 2024

Hasan at-Turabi jest jednym z kluczowych współczesnych islamskich myślicieli politycznych i zarazem inicjatorem sudańskiego islamizmu. Okres jego aktywności politycznej to jeden z ważniejszych momentów w historii Sudanu, związany z procesem islamizacji kraju, gwałtownymi przemianami sudańskiej sceny politycznej w powiązaniu z wpływami fundamentalizmu muzułmańskiego, głównie w wydaniu Stowarzyszenia Braci Muzułmanów. Artykuł prezentuje wpływ ideologii islamistycznej na kształtowanie się koncepcji państwa i porządku islamskiego w Sudanie pod przewodnictwem at-Turabiego i kierowanych przez niego czołowych formacji politycznych, w tym głównie Islamskiego Frontu Narodowego (IFN). Zostały także przedstawione elementy, które ukształtowały ten specyficzny islamizm – poza gwałtownymi zmianami w strukturach najwyższej władzy kraju są to m.in. wpływy sufickie, elementy przedmuzułmańskiej kultury oraz te bardziej radykalne zaczerpnięte z salafizmu, na których kształtował się światopogląd i przekonania at-Turabiego.
Jacek Tebinka (2021). Kanada i Szczecin 1945–1990: w cieniu granicy. Szczecin–Warszawa: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. Oddział w Szczecinie, ss. 208
Authors: Szudarek Krystian Maciej
Published: January 2024

recenzja
Gregory Leighton. Ideology and Holy Landscape in the Baltic Crusades. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2022
Authors: Strenga Gustavs
Published: January 2024

213 pp., 14 maps, 24 figures. ISBN: 978-164-18-9454-8. eISBN: 978-180-27-0059-6.
De la medición a la percepción. Condiciones de habitabilidad en la periferia de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Márquez Díaz Sandra , Pardo Montaño Ana Melisa
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación se centra en la habitabilidad, específicamente en el caso de la Zona Metro­politana del Valle de México. Las dinámicas dentro de dicha zona, conformada por munici­pios de tres entidades federativas, pone de relieve las diferencias entre la Ciudad de México y el resto de los municipios conurbanos y resalta las disparidades en equipamiento, acceso a servicios, entre otras características. El objetivo principal es contrastar algunos indicadores que se retoman para medir la habitabilidad, con la percepción de las condiciones de la vivienda y el espacio construido, para lo cual se tomará el caso del municipio de Ecatepec. Se trabajó con datos de la Encuesta Intercensal, además de información recabada a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se destaca la importancia de considerar no solo aspectos cuantitativos para entender la habitabilidad, sino tener en cuenta la percepción de la población sobre este tema.
Estrés y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Robledo Martín Juana , Acea López Lorena , Alcolea Cosín María Teresa , Pérez Urdiales Iratxe , Bellon Filip , Oter Quintana Cristina , Blanco Blanco Joan , Rubinat Arnaldo Esther , Pastor Bravo María del Mar , Briones Vozmediano Erica
Published: January 2024

Objective: To compare anxiety and acute stress levels among nursing students who joined the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic   and those who did not.
Methods: A cross-sectional, multicentre descriptive study across three Spanish public universities. A total of 216 nursing students participated in our study. Data collection was carried through an online questionnaire, that included variables on conditions for entering the labour market, the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses. 
Results: Overall, 42.6% (n=92) of the students entered the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The global anxiety score was x?=36.31 (SD=5.71) and the stress score was x?=82.39 (SD=30.84). Lower anxiety levels were observed among those who joined the labour market (x?=35.67; SD=5.78) as compared to those who did not (x?=36.73; SD=5.67). Overall 92.4% of the students were acutely stressed. Acute stress was higher among those who did not work (x?=84.35; SD=32.38) and significantly in women. 
Conclusions: Nursing students were able to cope with stress in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthy worker effect could not be ruled out. Stress and anxiety among nursing students should be considered by clinical practice preceptors and at the time students first enter the labour market.
Trabajo al aire libre y cáncer de piel ocupacional
Authors: De Troya Martín Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Entrevista con la Dra. Magdalena de Troya
Using Inhalation Sedation for Oral Surgery
Authors: Richards Charlotte , Boyle Carole
Published: January 2024

With increasing waiting lists across the UK for oral surgery under general anaesthesia (GA), inhalation sedation (IS) may provide the answer for patients to be treated more quickly. The authors believe it is an underused technique for the management of anxious and medically compromised patients requiring oral surgery. This article demonstrates, with patient examples, how IS can be used effectively.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant to general dental practitioners, oral surgeons and those working in sedation services.