bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free-standing nanopaper electrode for all-printed super-flexible perovskite solar cells
Authors: Vasilopoulou Maria , da Silva Wilson Jose , Kim Hyeong Pil , Carnio Brett Nathan , Ahvazi Behzad , Noh Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad , Soh Mohd Fairuz , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Youssef , Schneider Fabip , Teridi Mohd Asri Mat , Soultati Anastasia , Argitis Panagiotis , Davazoglou Dimitris , Jang Jin , Mcculloch Iain , Gasparini Nicola , Yusoff Abd. Rashid Mohd , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: March 2021

The development of all-printed, flexible solar cells of high efficiency and ultra-low weight will offer advancements for new market entrants. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of all-printed in ambient air, super-flexible perovskite solar cells with approaching 20% power conversion efficiency and extremely low weight of 5.1 g m-2 leading to an unprecedented power-to-weight ratio of 38,470 W Kg-1. This performance advance was achieved through the design of a highly transparent and conducting nanopaper used as a free-standing bottom electrode (FSBE). The FSBE consisted of cellulose nanocrystals grafted with semi-metallic super-reduced polyoxometalate clusters that enabled high conductivities up to 18 S cm-1 combined with transparency >96%. It also acted as a conformal barrier preventing performance loss upon heating at 95 oC under continuous illumination in inert environment; and strong resistance to decomposition when immersed in a mild citric acid water solution for 100 days, which we further exploit to demonstrate full device recyclability. The inherent flexibility of cellulose nanocrystals enabled remarkable flexibility of these cells under 2,000 repeated bending and folding cycles and mechanical strength upon extensive strain up to 20%. Notably, the nanopaper remained unaffected for strains up to 60%. These findings open the door for efficient and lightweight solar cells with a low environmental impact.
Interaction between overweight, obesity and smoking on the risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zeng Zhuanping , Jin Yinghua , Zheng Yingying , Xiang Lei , Yang Jin , Peng Liufen , Wei Qin , Yang Meng , Cheng Qiuting , Rong Xianglu , Piao Shenghua , Guo Jiao
Published: March 2021

Background

Pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) is considered an early warning signal of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, most studies only analyze the risk factors of diabetes, ignore the exploration of PDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and combined impacts of overweight obesity and smoking on the risk of PDM and T2DM.
Methods

28,208 patients with T2DM were selected from 5 cities in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China. According to the same region, gender and age difference less than 5 years old, 28208 patients with PDM and 28208 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were randomly selected. We analyzed the influential factors of PDM,T2DM and the interaction between smoking and overweight and obesity on using ordered multi-class logistic regression and multi-class results non-conditional logistic regression.
Results

Overweight and obesity (OR = 1.427,95%CI:1.388 ~ 1.468; OR = 1.829,95%CI:1.753 ~ 1.908) and smoking (OR = 1.161,95%CI:1.113 ~ 1.212) were risk factors for the onset of T2DM by ordered multiple Logistic regression. Furthermore, both in the comparison of NGT, PDM and NGT, T2DM, the results showed that overweight, obesity and smoking were risk factors for both PDM and T2DM too. And we found there was an additive interaction between overweight obesity and smoking in the developing of T2DM. Moreover, there would be 0.196(0.051 ~ 0.341) relative excess risk due to the additive interaction, 9.1% (2.0%-16.1%) of T2DM exposed to both risk factors was attributable to the additive interaction, and the risk of T2DM in overweight and obese smokers was 1.203(1.004–1.402) times as high as the sum of risks in the participants exposed to a single risk factor alone too.
Conclusions

Overweight obesity and smoking are the risk factors for the onset of T2DM. The risk of the coexistence of both factors is greater than that of single factors. Early weight control and positive smoking control are beneficial to prevent and delay the occurrence of T2DM.
SERCA2a related miRNA miR-140-3p as a potential biomarker for chronic heart failure
Authors: Wu Wei-Yin , Ye Tao , Qiang Hai-Feng , Zhou Xiao-Xia , Li Gang
Published: March 2021

Background

Multiple miRNAs were reported to be associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) in mediating the process of heart failure. However, whether these miRNAs are relevant to chronic heart failure (CHF) is rarely reported.
Methods

This study was designed to explore a new biomarker from the SERCA2a related candidate miRNAs for CHF. A total of 195 blood samples from 84 CHF patients, 86 non-heart failure patients and 25 healthy subjects were collected. The circulating expression of SERCA2a related candidate miRNAs (let-7a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-137a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-153-3p) were detected with qRT-PCR. The area under curve value, correlations between miRNAs and NT-proBNP were applied to determine the relationship between CHF and the candidate miRNAs.
Results

The results showed among the 10 candidate miRNAs, only let-7a-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-140-3p were significantly increased of CHF patients. However, only miR-140-3p showed the high area under the curve (AUC) value (ROC = 0.8873) and strong positive correlations (r = 0.5113) between miR-140-3p levels and NT-proBNP concentration. The level of miR-140-3p in LVEF < 45% of CHF patients was higher than in LVEF > 45%. However, there was no significant difference between hypertension and non-hypertension of the levels of miR-140-3p in CHF patients. Interestingly, the level of miR-140-3p was higher in NYHA IV CHF patients than in NYHA II or III. More important, the miR-140-3p level also declined when the heart function of NYHA IV patients was improved after treatment.
Conclusions

These results indicated circulation levels of miR-140-3p is related to the severity of chronic heart failure, and miR-140-3p may be an important biomarker for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Alcohol Policy Compliance among retailers in Bhutan: A multisite community intervention study
Authors: Gyeltshen Tshewang , Penjor Tshering , Dorji Lham , Tshering Lobzang , Kinley Kinley , Dorji Kinley , Subedi Bhim Nath , Tshering Dorji , Kumar Dil , Xu Yvonne Yiru , Dorji Gampo , Gueye8 Ghislain
Published: March 2021

Alcohol use is a major public health problem in Bhutan. Compliance with regulations at point of sales is an important strategy in alcohol control. Retail outlets were briefed on sales regulations and provided notification with rules and directed to display in the premises. The extent to which licensed alcohol outlets responded to possible alcohol purchase was assessed through the use of young proxy‐purchasers, adults feigning alcohol intoxicated and sober adults. A total of 854 visits (pre versus post visits) were made across four district towns. Two towns (Damphu town in Tsirang district and Pema Gatshel town in Pema Gatshel district) received pre- and post-intervention purchase surveys while other two neighboring towns (Khuruthang town in Punakha and Bajo town in Wangdue) were administered only baseline surveys. Results: Retailers rarely checked the age and/or identification (ID) of the proxy‐purchasers before the intervention. There was 22.7% (8.6, 37) percent increase in compliance with laws after the intervention. While some strategies are suggested, the strongest and most effective measure to prevent under‐age drinking and over service to intoxicated, more rigorous enforcement of existing liquor laws are required.Conclusion: Alcohol control requires ongoing government enforcements supplemented by public awareness and knowledge.
Perceived stress and its associated factors among health care providers during COVID-19 outbreak in Ilu Aba Bor and Bunno Bedelle Zones of Oromia regional state, South West, Ethiopia, 2020: A Cross sectional study
Authors: Alemayehu Yadeta , kenea Adamu , Gelan Ibsa , Bacha Lemi , Tolessa Geremew
Published: March 2021

Background: Pandemic corona virus outbreak has global distribution and world health organization stated that there is a high risk of pandemic corona virus out spreading to other developing countries that can make health professionals serving in third world countries to fear for morbidity and mortality. Even though the problem is given a concern in Western countries, in developing countries like Ethiopia the data is limited and the concern for these front liners is low.Objectives: To assess level of perceived stress and associated factors among health care providers during corona virus outbreak in Ilu Aba Bora and Bunno Bedelle Zones, Oromia regional state, South West Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted among 365 respondents. Perceived stress was assessed using perceived stress scale (PSS) instrument. The data was organized and processed by the use of epi info-7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of perceived stress due to pandemic corona virus among health care providers working in public health facilities was 57%. In Multivariate logistic regression being married (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 3.51; 9.33), less than one year work experience (AOR= 2.57, 95%CI: 1.83-7.32) and having BSc degree and lower educational background (AOR=3.8, 95%CI: 2.81; 7.03) had significantly associated with perceived stress among health care providers at p value of less than 0.05.Conclusion: Lower work experience, being married and lower educational background was significantly associated with perceived stress. Ministry of health in collaboration with ministry of education and other stakeholders should facilitate stress management skills inductive trainings to practitioners of newly recruited health care providers working in health care facilities.
Dirac Redux - Dirac’s Equation in Physical Spacetime without Internal Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Andoni Sokol
Published: March 2021

The Dirac equation (DE) is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics. We prove in the present contribution that the notion of internal degrees of freedom of the electron represented by Dirac’s matrices is superfluous. One can write down a coordinate-free manifestly covariant equation by direct quantization of the energy-momentum 4-vector P with modulus m: P(psi) = m(psi) (no slash!), the spinor (psi) taking care of the different vector grades at the two sides of the equation. Electron spin and all the standard DE properties emerge from this equation. In coordinate representation, the four orthonormal time-space frame vectors x0, x1, x2, x3 formally substitute Dirac’s gamma-matrices, the two sets obeying to the same Clifford algebra. The present formalism expands Hestenes’ spacetime algebra (STA) by adding a reflector vector x5, which in 3D transforms a parity-odd vector x into a parity-even vector x5x and vice versa. STA augmented by the reflector will be referred to as STAR, which operates on a real vector space of same dimension as the equivalent real dimension of Dirac’s complex 4 x 4 matrices. There are no matrices in STAR and the complex character springs from the signature and dimension of spacetime-reflection. This appears most clearly by first showing that STAR comprises two isomorphic subspaces, one for the generators of polar vectors and boosts and the other for the generators of axial vectors and rotors, comprising Pauli spin vectors. These then help to discuss the symmetries, probability current, transformation properties and nonrelativistic approximation of STAR DE. By proving that Dirac’s matrices are redundant, because all the information from them is contained in spacetime-reflection, it becomes relevant to reexamine those areas of modern physics that take Dirac matrices and their generalizations as fundamental.
Economic Optimization of Resource Use Based on Smart Grid
Authors: Kubatko O.V. , Ignatchenko V.M. , Shaparenko S.V. , Starodub I.A. , Yaryomenko D.O.
Published: March 2021

There are significant changes in society's approaches to the energy policy development in the modern world. It is observable a transition from the old model of the energy sector maintenance, which was dominated by large producers, inefficient networks, fossil fuels, imperfect competition in the markets of natural gas, coal, electricity - to a new model, which creates a more competitive environment and equalizes opportunities for development and the dominance one of the types energy production or sources of fuel supply. The traditional network is based on centralized power plants that supply electricity to consumers through simple one-way transmission and distribution systems. The bulk of the current electricity generation capacity in Ukraine is generated by fossil fuels, which significantly contributes to the increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the Earth's atmosphere and has a corresponding negative consequences for the climate. At the same time, modern preferences are given to increasing energy efficiency and the use of energy from renewable and alternative sources. Implementation of adaptation and prevention measures for climate change is also one of the priorities of global energy development. The renewable energy promotion is causing new economic and scientific challenges for Ukraine. However, at the same time it opens new perspectives for the search and implementation of innovative developments in the field of extraction, processing of fossil fuels, energy supply and consumption, which leads to create a new energy policy of the state. The article discusses theoretical and methodological approaches that reveal the benefits of Smart Grid using. It is emphasized that ensuring energy security and environmental sustainability of the energy sector should be based on the use of renewable energy sources. The article analyzes the main factors that can affect the development of Smart Grid technology. Also, the article describes the best experience of the EU countries, which are introducing smart energy systems for the economic optimization of renewable energy sources use.
Analysis of the Definitive Basis of the Term “Environmental (Green) Investments” and their Classification
Authors: Ihnatchenko A.S. , Kovalov B.L. , Fedyna S.M. , Popova A.G.
Published: March 2021

The paper analyzes the meaning and essence of the term «environmental (green) investment». Summarizing the existing interpretations of the term «environmental (green) investment», the authors propose their own definition of environmental investment. The author’s interpretation of the term «environmental (green) investment» takes into account the social, economic and environmental spheres of sustainable development. The dominant author's interpretation of the term «environmental (green) investment» is investing in the greening of financial structures. The article summarizes and systematizes the classification of environmental (green) investments, which can be divided according to the scope of investment objects, the regional characteristics of the subjects of environmental investment, the term and method of investment. The authors have made recommendations for improving the environmental efficiency of the green economy in Ukraine.
Specific parameters for formation of the tuberculosis risk group among children with HIV infection in a big city
Authors: Shamuratova L. F. , Sevostyanova T. A. , Mazus A. I. , Tsyganova E. V. , Serebryakov E. M. , Denisova E. A.
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study: to establish specific parameters for formation of tuberculosis risk group in HIV positive children of 0-17 years old in order to plan tuberculosis prevention activities.

Subjects and methods. The main statistical rates on tuberculosis, HIV infection and their combination in children of 0-17 years old for 2009-2018 were studied. All new cases of TB/HIV co-infection were analyzed in children of 0-17 years old in Moscow for 2004-2018.

Results. While the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection among children has been decreasing in Moscow over a 10-year period (2009-2018), the group with advanced risk to develop tuberculosis due to HIV infection is growing, both due to children born by HIV positive women (by 1.8 times), and children with confirmed HIV infection (by 2.1 times), which is partly explained by intensive migration in the big city.

In the structure of the followed up of children with HIV infection, it has been established that the number and proportion of the following categories tend to grow: children above 8 years old; those at the stage of secondary diseases and advanced stages of HIV infection; and migrants from other regions.

In 2004-2018, the combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection was detected most often among children aged 8-11 years (14/34; 41.2%), who had not previously been tested for HIV infection, and among people who had lived outside of Moscow before the disease was detected (16/34; 47.1%). The most severe forms of HIV/TB co-infection including fatal ones, were also observed among children from the migrant population without regular medical follow-up.
Short course chemotherapy in children suffering from drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Klevno N. I. , Аksenova V. A. , Kazakov A. V. , Kovalevskaya E. B.
Published: March 2021

The objective: to study the effect of short course chemotherapy regimens on treatment outcomes in children with drug resistant tuberculosis.

Subjects and methods. In 2017-2019, 31 children at the age from 3 to 17 years old, received short course chemotherapy which lasted for 12-15 months. Children of both genders were enrolled in the study, they all were new pulmonary tuberculosis cases with multiple drug resistance or at risk of MDR, with no history of previous treatment with reserve anti-tuberculosis drugs, and without severe concomitant diseases. Before the treatment was prescribed, all children underwent lung computed tomography additionally to general clinical and laboratory tests.

Results. The chemotherapy regimen for each child consisted of 4-6 drugs selected individually with the consideration of resistance pattern of the child or suspected index case. In all cases, the combination of drugs included fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin). Amikacin (67.7%), aminosalicylic acid (80.6%) and prothionamide (74.2%) were frequently prescribed. 54.8% of children received pyrazinamide and 48.4% – cycloserine. Given the limited lesions, only 16.1% of children received linezolid and 9.7% of children received bedaquiline. The main chemotherapy course made 13.2 ± 0.5 months (from 12 to 15 months depending on the form of tuberculosis and changes during treatment). The duration of the intensive phase made 4.8 ± 0.3 on the average. 2 (6.5 ± 4.4%) of 31 children developed adverse events requiring the cancellation of the drugs causing them.

Conclusion. This study has demonstrated satisfactory tolerability and good efficacy of these short course regimens for treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis. No relapses of tuberculosis were reported.
COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what is known about the unknown
Authors: Ovsyannikov E. S. , Avdeev S. N. , Budnevskiy A. V. , Drobysheva E. S. , Kravchenko A. Ya.
Published: March 2021

The article reviews 60 publications and addresses key aspects of concurrent COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It presents data stating that COPD patients have higher expression of the receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the lungs and this may contribute to a greater susceptibility to COVID-19. In COPD, signs of endothelial cell dysfunction and tendency to thrombus formation have been identified which can present the risk of unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19. Cohort study data do not confirm that COPD patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their clinical outcomes of COVID-19 appear to be worse including the need for mechanical ventilation and lethality. There is no clinical evidence about the role of inhaled glucocorticosteroids used to manage COPD in the development and course of COVID-19.
Classroom Interaction In English Speaking Class (A Study At Sma Santu Fransiskus Ruteng, Flores)
Authors: Daar Gabriel Fredi
Published: March 2021

Classroom interaction emphasizes on the effectiveness of the students participation in the dialogue, and finally improving the ability of speaking. It involves all participants; teacher, learners and learning sources. There are some different purpose of using speaking. Each purpose implies knowledge of the rules that account for how spoken language reflects the context in which the speech occurs (Richard and Renandya, 2002:201). The study aims at finding out how classroom interaction employed in speaking class at SMA Santu Fransiskus Ruteng, Flores.  It’s used mixed method combining the use of descriptive quantitative and qualitative study design with phenomenological approach. It’s used random sampling, with 45 students taken as the samples. Meanwhile, employing a qualitative research design and phenomenological approach, the data for this study are mostly collected through interview completed by observation and documentation. For the purpose of deep interview, the participants are 1 English teacher and 4 students taken purposively. The study showed that 1) there is one aspect of classroom interaction mostly categorized as high level of implementation; Response and Asks Questions (28=62.2%). Data of interviewed confirmed that students needs appreciation for learning progress or achievement they may make. It encourages them to be more active and participative. 2) Feelings acceptance, praises or encouragement, and  ideas use or acceptance implementation (40=88.9%) and giving directions, criticisms or authority justification (38=84.4%) were mostly in the category of medium level. Meanwhile, initiation was mostly in the category of low level (24=53.3%). Data of interview confirmed that low initiation is caused by students learning habit. Most students do the activities of learning English when English teacher fosters them to learn. It’s in the form of quiz, assignment, mid test or final test. Leaning is merely conducted to improve and increase English score. Other activities such as memorizing vocabularies, writing stories, answering questions based on the passages, building up sentences and other classroom activities designed are done under teacher’s control and design. In the next phase, students find it difficult to accomplish complex tasks. They are only able to accomplish simple tasks. Learning autonomy which is oriented to build up speaking ability hardly ever done.  To this extend, English teacher pay more attention to the topic chosen in teaching learning processes. It determines whether the students initiate interaction or not.
Future English Teachers’ Perspective towards the Implementation of E-Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Pustika Reza
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the future English teachers’ perspective towards the implementation of e-learning in Covid-19 pandemic era. There were 60 respondents involved in this research. A survey method was carried out in this research. The data of this research was collected by distributing a questionnaire. The questionnaire was formulated based on the theories about the pros and cons of the e-learning implementation. Descriptive analysis was done to analyzed this research data. The data of this research was transformed into percentage. The result of this research showed that the future English teachers find e-learning is beneficial for them, but still have some lacks to overcome. Besides, the subjects of this research are aware of things they need to prepare before they conduct e-learning, and they also suggest the stakeholders in Indonesia to improve the technology development to support the e-learning implementation.
Construing the Challenges and Opportunities of Intercultural Language Teaching Amid Covid-19 Pandemic: English Teachers' Voices
Authors: Sugianto Ahmad , Ulfah Nadya
Published: March 2021

Due to globalization, intercultural competence becomes one of the prominent competences in English teaching. Unfortunately, the current condition, the COVID-19 pandemic happened may not lead the intercultural language teaching run as expected because it should be moved to an online setting.  Through combining qualitative and quantitative research methods with questionnaires and interviews, this study aimed to unravel the teachers' competence and the challenges and opportunities of intercultural language teaching during the current situation. This study concluded that most of the teachers' intercultural competence was deemed moderate. Furthermore, some challenges found comprised the aspects of internet access and students' psychological aspect, such as attitudes toward intercultural language teaching and learning conducted in an online classroom. Meanwhile, the opportunities found comprised the aspect of language skills, attitudes, and the other supporting skill such as critical thinking development.
Second Language Learner Perceptions on Web-Based Language Learning
Authors: Walisundara WMUSK
Published: March 2021

The focus of the current study was to investigate the perceptions of English as a second language learners on using computer assisted language learning (CALL) for improving academic writing skills. The study was conducted for thirteen weeks with 82 second year undergraduates from General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University in Sri Lanka. Switching Replication was used for the research design. The data were analyzed using mix method approach. The findings indicate that the participants preferred the in-class environment more than the CALL environment for academic writing skills.  Participants’ lack of experience in CALL, poor writing and vocabulary skills and the negative interference from the technical issues were some of the issues that had a negative effect on the participants in the CALL environment. Yet the success of the intervention both in the first and second phases indicates the effectiveness of CALL for developing academic writing skills
A Conversation Analysis on Interview with Prime Minister Julia Gillard in Sky News Australia Channel
Authors: Sitepu Eka Yanualifa Telomensi , Hanafiah Ridwan , Zein T. Thyrhaya
Published: March 2021

The aims of this research are to identify and analyze how the aspects of conversational interactions are realized in the conversation. In collecting and analyzing the data, the researcher uses documentation method and qualitative content analysis. The utterances which used by the interviewer and interviewees are as the data of this research, while the video of the interview which downloaded from Youtube with 29:44 minutes is as the source of data in this research. The data are analyzed by using Paltridge theory. This research results are, five aspects of conversational interactions are used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) such as, Opening Conversation, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking and Closing Conversation, while the interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair. However, five of seven aspects are used by the interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard) such as, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking, Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation. Thus, all of seven aspects of conversational interactions are used with different realization. The realization of those aspects of conversational interactions used by the interviewer and interviewees are different. The interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation.
Measurement of EGTA-Mediated Barrier Impairment by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Osipyants A.I. , Hushpulyan D.M. , Sakharov D.A.
Published: March 2021

For the widespread use of in vitro models of barrier tissues in practice, it is necessary to develop approaches to the automation of cultivation and monitoring of the state of cells. Impedance spectroscopy is a promising and informative method for assessing the state of cell barriers. In this work, the dynamics of electrical parameters in an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier with a high temporal resolution has been studied using impedance spectroscopy. For the first time, the detailed kinetics of changes in TEER, electrical capacitance and additional resistance of a monolayer of Caco-2 cells at various EGTA concentrations was recorded. It was demonstrated that spontaneous restoration of the integrity of the cell barrier is possible in the presence of 2 mM EGTA in the medium, which begins approximately 6 h after the compound addition. A strong increase in TEER was also found immediately after the addition of EGTA, which probably depended on the EGTA concentration and can be explained by a decrease in intracellular conductance due to the closure of transmembrane channels.

impedance spectroscopy, intestine, TEER, electrical capacitance, EGTA

The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project 16-19-10597).
Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilerin Devam Ettiği Destek Eğitim Odası Hizmetine Yönelik Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: GUVEN Didem
Published: March 2021

Giriş: Kaynaştırma uygulamaları kapsamındaki destek eğitim odası (DEO) hizmeti, mevzuatta yer almasına karşın son dönemlerde ülkemizde fiili olarak sunulmaya başlamış ve bu hizmetin nasıl sunulacağı tartışılır hale gelmiştir.Yöntem: Bu nedenle bu çalışma DEO’nun temel boyutları olan yönetim, rehberlik ve uygulama boyutlarının nasıl işlediğini bütün olarak görmek, betimlemek ve sonucunda çözüm önerileri sunmak amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden iç içe geçmiş tek durum çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda belirtilen her bir boyutun sorumluları olan 10 okul yöneticisi, 10 rehber ve 10 DEO öğretmeniyle yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların okullarında DEO’nun fiziksel ortamına ilişkin geliştirilen kontrol listeleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmacı, DEO’nun işleyişini betimlemek için bir okulun iki ayrı DEO’sunda saha notları tutmuş; süreç boyunca araştırmacı günlüğüne görüşlerini yansıtmıştır.Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucunda fiziksel ortama, paydaşların görüşlerine ve DEO’nun işleyişine ilişkin üç tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, DEO’ların fiziksel ortamının yetersiz olduğu, rehber öğretmen ve yöneticilerin DEO sürecinin lideri olduğu, DEO’da sadece öğretim hizmeti sağlandığı, danışmanlık hizmetinin sunulmadığı görülmüştür; katılımcıların DEO bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu anlaşılmıştır.Tartışma: Araştırma sonucunda DEO hizmeti süreçlerin sağlıklı işlemediği, katılımcıların DEO bilgilerinin yeterli olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. DEO’da öğretmenlerin sadece öğretim yaptıkları, DEO konusunda lider kişilerin okullardaki rehber öğretmenlerle okul yöneticileri olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Belirtilen bu olumsuz durumların üstesinden gelmek için DEO’lara özel eğitim öğretmeni ataması önerilmiştir.
Projeto de vida: uma proposta democrática-participativa para as juventudes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Mazzardo Ana Lucia da Luz , Corte Marilene Gabriel Dalla , Costa Joacir Marques da
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um processo investigativo-formativo a partir da problemática: como mobilizar os saberes das juventudes do Ensino Médio tencionando o protagonismo na formação ao longo da vida, com objetivo de compreender a produção de saberes e representações de estudantes do Ensino Médio no Instituto Estadual de Educação Vicente Dutra – RS - IEEVD, considerando um processo compartilhado de construção dos seus projetos de vida a partir das reflexões realizadas de maneira compartilhada com os sujeitos envolvidos. A concepção teórico-metodológica esteve sistematizada a partir da pesquisa-formação com abordagem (auto)biográfica, tendo como fio condutor os círculos dialógicos investigativos-formativos, priorizando as narrativas que mobilizaram as subjetividades, do grupo de estudantes do Ensino Médio, articulando as experiências vividas aos contextos em que estão inseridos, capacitando-os a expressarem seus interesses e desejos na prospecção de futuro. A pesquisa resultou em um Roteiro Orientador para a construção compartilhada do Projeto de Vida dos estudantes de Ensino Médio. Espera-se potencializar o protagonismo e a autonomia intelectual dos estudantes do Ensino Médio para a tomada decisão consciente, evitando o abandono e o fracasso escolar.
Evasão no Ensino Superior em cursos presenciais: uma proposta preventiva por meio de um tratamento estatístico
Authors: Negreiros Jhoab Pessoa , Lanzillotti Regina Serrão , Faria Cristiane Oliveira de
Published: March 2021

O trabalho teve por objetivo propor o tratamento estatístico para investigar possíveis causas da evasão em uma Instituição do Ensino Superior (IES). O método estatístico adotado traçou o perfil do aluno propenso à evasão em função de tabelas de contingência, o que permite usar o teste qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre evasão e situação socioeconômica. Os resultados delinearam o perfil: gênero masculino da faixa etária de 16 a 20 anos, solteiro, não é egresso do terceiro grau; conhecimento satisfatório da língua inglesa; básico de informática, empregado, pertence à família de renda mensal igual ou inferior a 1,5 salário mínimo, sem descontinuidade do ensino médio particular para o superior.
Dimensões das significações de músico e de professor: um estudo com licenciandos em música
Authors: Reis Leandro Augusto dos , Oliveira Francismara Neves de
Published: March 2021

As significações dos papéis de músico e de professor não estão relacionadas apenas com a música e seus conteúdos formais, mas também com os mecanismos cognitivos nela envolvidos e o modo de compreender o mundo social de forma mais ampla. Apoiado no método clínico-crítico piagetiano, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as significações de licenciandos em Música acerca dos papéis de músico e de professor para compreender os mecanismos do pensamento envolvidos, por meio de situações problematizadoras. Participaram da pesquisa quatro licenciandos de Música de uma universidade pública do estado do Paraná, Brasil. As inter-relações observadas nas significações dos participantes revelaram movimentos distintos, mesmo tendo sido provocadas por situações problematizadoras guiadas por uma proposta metodológica semelhante. Destacam-se das respostas dos participantes quatro dimensões frente às significações de músico e professor: dimensão do saber fazer, dimensão do ensino, dimensão intelectual e dimensão dos esquemas de ação. Os resultados apontaram para a importância da compreensão dos mecanismos cognitivos envolvidos nos papéis de músico e professor, para dela declinar reflexões acerca do desenvolvimento do estudante de música e de ações específicas que favoreçam a educação musical tanto na escola regular quanto nos mais diversos espaços educativos.
A práxis pedagógica e os aprendentes surdos: implicações e pressupostos do paradigma vygotskyano na prática
Authors: Costa Bianca Silva Lopes , Macedo Yuri Miguel
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo trata sobre o Paradigma da Aprendizagem de Levy Vigostsky (1896 -1934) e as implicações que essa mesma teoria pode possibilitar para uma prática educativa que dinamize a aprendizagem dos educandos surdos. Destarte, a teoria sociointeracionista com seus pressupostos de aprendizagem pode viabilizar práticas que medeiem conhecimentos significativos, partindo das especificidades e das experiências sócio-históricas dos educandos surdos. Nesse sentido, esse estudo analisou as possíveis implicações do Paradigma Sociointeracionista de Levy Vigotsky para a práxis pedagógica com educandos surdos e como esses mesmos princípios podem viabilizar práticas voltadas para a aprendizagem desses sujeitos. A metodologia utilizada por esse trabalho foi a análise documental, a qual contribuiu para uma compreensão mais aprofundada das implicações do sociointeracionismo para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos aprendentes surdos. Os resultados deste estudo é a consolidação de um rico ensaio teórico e pedagógico que permite a compreensão e possível aplicação dos constructos teóricos do sociointeracionismo de Vygotsky para a prática pedagógica com educandos surdos, de forma a fomentar aprendizagens significativas.
Ensino remoto emergencial: investigação dos fatores de aprendizado na educação superior
Authors: Lago Nicole Cecchele , Terra Stela Xavier , Caten Carla Schwengber Ten , Ribeiro José Luis Duarte
Published: March 2021

Diante da pandemia do Coronavírus, o ensino remoto emergencial foi adotado por grande parte das instituições de ensino superior no mundo. Considerando as súbitas transformações e desafios nesse contexto, o artigo teve por objetivo identificar fatores importantes para o aprendizado no período de ensino remoto. Para tanto, um estudo quantitativo com fins explicativos foi conduzido. A questão de pesquisa foi investigada por meio de um experimento fatorial, realizado com 1069 alunos de graduação de uma universidade brasileira através de um questionário online. A análise de variância foi utilizada para avaliar o efeito dos fatores no aprendizado dos estudantes durante o período remoto. As descobertas revelam que as aulas diretas contribuem mais para o aprendizado dos alunos. Ainda, há uma leve preferência pela dinâmica de trabalho em grupos e pelo uso da plataforma Google Meet, sendo esta preferência maior para os alunos de hard-science. Especificamente, o estudo fornece orientações aos gestores universitários em direção à implementação das práticas mais favoráveis para o aprendizado durante o ensino remoto. Além disso, as descobertas podem auxiliar o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a criação de modelos educacionais resilientes e sustentáveis, baseados em práticas que potencializam o aprendizado dos alunos.
Afrodescendência e metodologias inventivas para implementação da lei n 10.639/03 na escola: a criação de jovens da pedagogia
Authors: Adad Shara Jane Holanda Costa , Santos Thaysa Tâmara Maciel dos , Silva Maria do Socorro Borges da
Published: March 2021

Este artigo objetiva problematizar a afrodescendência na escola, ao criar, com graduandos/as do Curso de Pedagogia, metodologias para a discussão e implementação da Lei nº 10.639/03, reconhecendo e valorizando a cultura de crianças, adolescentes e jovens afrodescendentes da Educação Básica. A metodologia utilizada foi o Círculo de Cultura Sociopoético (CCS) com o tema gerador “afrodescendência na escola”. Os resultados realçaram dificuldades de pensar a inclusão dos estudos sobre o referido tema e as estratégias metodológicas criadas para romper com dificuldades. Entretanto, a pesquisa mostrou ser possível romper os preconceitos e a exclusão por meio da criação e aplicação de metodologias sensíveis que valorizem as escritas de si, tornando-os reconhecidos, integrados, participativos, a tal ponto, que se sintam pertencentes. Os problemas identificados na pesquisa foram o trabalho individual e solitário do/a professor/a, neste caso, a necessidade coletiva e comunitária na prática educativa com a instituição de uma ética ubuntu na escola.
Pharmacognostic Profile, In-vitro Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Pyrus communis Linn.
Authors: Singh Sonia , Bajpai Meenakshi , Mishra Pradeep
Published: March 2021

Background:

The Ethanolic Extract of Pyrus communis L. fruit (EEPC) was assessed
for hepatoprotective and in vitro antiradical activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity
in rat’s liver.

Methods:

The degree of hepatoprotection was screened by measuring biochemical parameters, including
serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase
(ALP), Total Albumin (TA), Total Protein (TP) and Total Bilirubin (TB). The antiradical activity
was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide
free radical scavenging property. The hepatoprotective effects of the extract were compared with Silymarin
used as a standard drug (100 mg/kg, p.o, bodyweight).

Results:

The ethanolic extract of the fruit has the capabilities to scavenge free radicals, in vitro, respectively.
Additionally, the ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o, bodyweight) exhibited
marked hepatoprotective action regarding CCl4 intoxicated rodents in a dose-dependent manner.
EEPC at a dose of 400mg/kg could afford significant dose-dependent protection against CCl4 induced
hepatocellular injury.

Conclusion:

Biochemical samples obtained from the animals treated with ethanolic extracts
(400mg/kg, body weight) showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum markers indicating
hepatic cell protection.
Death from Alcohol Consumption During the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Naeim Mahdi
Published: March 2021

Following rumors of the effectiveness of alcohol in the treatment of coronavirus,
people in Iran began to consume counterfeit alcohol, which resulted in poisoning to
the point that by the evening of Tuesday, March 11, 370 people were hospitalized due to
alcohol poisoning. They referred to medical centers. One needs to go to the hospital emergency
room as soon as the signs of alcohol poisoning are noticed. In Iran, many people go
to medical centers too late and risk their lives for fear of being arrested or questioned by
the police, while they should know that the goal of doctors is only to help the patient and
save their life. Asking people to adhere to preventive health principles and not fall into the
trap of misconceptions and rumors, we emphasize that avoiding unnecessary traffic in
cities is still the best and safest way to deal with COVID-19.
Predictability of Elimination and Excretion of Small Molecules in Animals
and Humans, and its Impact on Dosimetry for human ADME Studies with
Radiolabeled Drugs
Authors: Roffel Ad , Lier Jan Jaap van , Rozema Gerk , van Hoogdalem Ewoud-Jan
Published: March 2021

Background:

We assessed the extent to which urinary and fecal excretion of 14C-labeled
drug material in animal ADME studies was predictive of human ADME studies. We compared observed
plasma elimination half-lives for total drug-related radioactivity in humans to pre-study predictions,
and we estimated the impact of any major differences on human dosimetry calculations.

Methods:

We included 34 human ADME studies with doses of 14C above 0.1 MBq. We calculated ratios
of dosimetry input parameters (percentage fecal excretion in humans versus animals; observed
half-life in humans versus predicted pre-study) and output parameters (effective dose post-study versus
pre-study) and assessed their relationship.

Results:

A quantitative correlation assessment did not show a statistically significant correlation between
the ratios of percentages of 14C excreted in feces and the ratios of dosimetry outcomes in the entire
dataset, but a statistically significant correlation was found when assessing the studies that were
based on ICRP 60/62 (n=19 studies; P=0.0028). There also appeared to be a correlation between the
plasma half-life ratios and the ratios of dosimetry results. A quantitative correlation assessment
showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between these ratios (P<0.0001).

Conclusion:

In all cases where the plasma elimination half-life for 14C in humans was found to be
longer than the predicted value, the radiation burden was still within ICRP Category IIa. Containment
of the actual radiation burden below the limit of 1.00 mSv appeared to be determined partly also by
our choice to limit 14C doses to 3.7 MBq.
Advances in Stem Cells Transplantation for the Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zeng Xiansi , Geng Wenshuo , Jia Jinjing , Wang Zhanqi
Published: March 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and is a major culprit
that harms the health of elderly people. The main pathological feature is the progressive loss of dopaminergic
neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. The current mainstream
therapeutic strategies include surgical treatment and medicine substitute therapy. However, these
treatment methods sometimes have limitations. Subsequently, the treatment with stem cells (SCs)
transplantation has been gradually established. SCs is a kind of cell with self-renewal ability and
multi-directional differentiation potential. Transplantation of SCs, including embryonic stem cells,
adult stem cells (neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells,
have the ability to mediate nerve regeneration and restoration within the lesioned midbrain tissue,
bringing hope for the treatment of PD. In this paper, we summarize the progress in therapeutic
strategies of different types of SCs in PD treatment, with an emphasis on the advantages and limitations.
Anticancer Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lu Jin-Jian , He Xin-Ling , Xu Xiao-Huang , Shi Jia-Jie , Huang Mingqing , Wang Yitao , Chen Xiuping
Published: March 2021

Background:

As one of the effective pharmacological constituents of Ginseng Radix et
Rhizoma, ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) exerts a remarkable anticancer effect on various cancer cell lines
in vitro and strongly inhibits tumor growth in vivo without severe toxicity.

Objective:

This article reviewed existing evidence supporting the anticancer effects of Rh2 to classify
and conclude previous and current knowledge on the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of
Rh2, as well as to promote the clinical application of this natural product.

Conclusion:

This article reviewed the anticancer efficacies and mechanisms of Rh2, including the
induction of cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, repression of metastasis, alleviation of
drug resistance, and regulation of the immune system. Finally, this paper discussed the research
and application prospects of Rh2.
Suppression of Molecular Targets and Antiproliferative Effect of Citronellal on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Luqman Suaib
Published: March 2021

Background:

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) requires targeted therapies to better
manage and prevent metastatic mammary gland tumors. Due to the resistance problem associated
with the approved drugs, researchers are now focusing on phytochemicals for the treatment of
TNBC as they possess pleiotropic mode of action and fewer side effects.

Objective:

To investigate the antiproliferative effect of citronellal on triple-negative breast cancer
cells.

Method:

Anticancer potential of citronellal was explored by employing SRB, MTT, and NRU antiproliferative
assay. Further, the effect of citronellal was observed on molecular targets (Tubulin,
COX-2, and LOX-5) utilizing in vitro and in silico methods. Furthermore, the efficacy of citronellal
was examined on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells. In addition, the safety profiling of it was observed
at 300 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight in mice.

Results:

Citronellal suppresses the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells by more than 50% in NRU assay
and ~41% and 32% in SRB and MTT assay, respectively. Further, citronellal's effect was observed
on molecular targets wherein it suppressed LOX-5 activity (IC50 40.63±2.27 μM) and prevented
polymerization of microtubule (IC50 63.62 μM). The result was more prominent against
LOX-5 as supported by molecular docking interaction studies, but a non-significant effect was observed
at the transcriptional level. The efficacy of citronellal was also determined in Ehrlich
Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) model, wherein it inhibited the growth of tumor cells (45.97%) at 75
mg/kg of body weight. It was non-toxic up to 1000 mg/kg of body weight in mice and did not
cause significant lysis of erythrocytes.

Conclusion:

These observations could provide experimental support for citronellal to be used as a
chemopreventive agent for breast cancer.