bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potensi Pengembangan Kehutanan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Rusdiana Omo , Supijatno Supijatno , Ardiyanto Yanto , Widodo Candraningratri Ekaputri
Published: January 2018

Mahakam Ulu Regency is a new autonomous region formed separated from Kutai Barat regency of East Kalimantan Province in 2013. The local government of Mahakam Ulu has set to develop their local economy by utilizing and developing local resources. The regency’s geographical position at the northern border of Indonesia, together with its majority land coverage of natural forests, urges Mahakam Ulu to define its potential economic activities that support its people’s welfare and preserve its nature at the same time. This research aims to understand the regional development potential of Mahakam Ulu Regency on the forestry and agriculture sector, as well as to define strategies for development. Competitive commodities analysis, land suitability analysis and land availability analysis for the competitive commodities were conducted to obtain accurate information on the region’s forestry and agriculture potential. Analysis shows that Mahakam Ulu regency has forestry potentials in the form of development of community forest with non-timber forest products (NTFP) as the main commodity, environment service business in the form of ecotourism, utilization of timber forest products and NTFP, as well as development of customary forests. On the other side, potential agricultural commodities in Mahakam Ulu regency covers paddy, rubber, cacao and oil palm.
Pemetaan Efek Spasial pada Data Kemiskinan Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Harmes Harmes , Juanda Bambang , Rustiadi Ernan , Barus Baba
Published: January 2018

Anti-poverty programs and policies are designed similar for all regions in Indonesia, disregarding the local socio-culture and the poverty spatial pattern of the regions. The approach is based on central government’s program and not based on each region’s locality. This generic programming approach caused the achievement of development goals decline. The effect of space on poverty can be identified by the presence of spatial autocorrelation, which is the link between the examined variable to itself in a spatial manner or commonly referred to as spatial dependence.The aim of this paper is to investigate the global and local spatial autocorrelation for micro poverty data set in Bengkulu City in order to identify spatial approach for its anti-poverty program. Global Moran Index (MI) tests identifies the overall occurrence of autocorrelation, meanwhile the local spatial test shows which subdistricts has the presence of autocorrelation. Global and local MI are popular tools utilized to calculate the spatial effect, particularly to present spatial dependencies. The relation between urban village linkages obtained an MI value of 0.322. This MI value indicates the presence of spatial autocorrelation for subdistricts located in cluster. In local spatial effect observation using Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA), its discovered that there are several subdistricts having autocorrelation, meanwhile the rest are not significant. Cluster mapping on global MI and LISA shows high-high poverty districts are located in the south of the city, low-high poverty districts in the east, and low-low high-low poverty districts near the city center.
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Kabupaten Malang Berbasis Pendekatan Perwilayahan dan Regresi Panel
Authors: Latuconsina Zulfikar Mohamad Yamin
Published: January 2018

Regionalization approach is a kind of approach to manage and to achieve the development goals based on the characteristics of a region. The development system of Malang Regency is conducted through regionalization approach which divided the area into six Development Areas (WP). Furthermore, the typology of development area in Malang Regency can be divided into three typology (urban, peri-urban and rural). This research aims to analyze factors that influence the human development index (HDI) of Malang Regency based on regionalization approach and panel regression. Data panel regression method was used in analyzing the data. The results of the research showed variables that have a positive and significant influence to the human development index in each typology of development areas of Malang Regency consisting of the number of health facilities, the number of nurse-midwife and the population density in typology I (urban); the ratio of school per students at primary school and the population density in typology II (peri-urban); and the number of nurse-midwife in typology III (rural).
Konversi Lahan Sawah di Kota Bogor dan Strategi Anggaran dalam Mengendalikannya
Authors: Hidayati Oni , Siregar Hermanto , Falatehan A. Faroby
Published: January 2018

Conversion of agricultural land in urban areas is most prevalent in wetlands, thus threatening food availability and loss of multifunctional land. In the last five years, the wetland area in Bogor City has dropped dramatically to 321 ha (BPS of Bogor City, 2016). Control of the rate of conversion of wetland in Bogor City is regulated by Local Regulation number 8 year 2011 concerning Bogor City Spatial Plan (RTRW Kota Bogor) 2011-2031. However, its implementation is less effective so that there is a need for economic instruments to support it. The purpose of this study is to describe the wetland conversion in Bogor City and budgetary strategies in order to control it. Spatial analysis with overlay method was used to and resulted in a land conversion pattern which was dominated by housing area of 1 137.33 ha (47.08%) and garden 254.28 ha (10.53%). The conversion pattern was used as the basis of multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting wetland area in Bogor City during 2000-2015 which results were: production amount (significant at α 1%); building area (significant at α 5 %); realization of Bogor City Agricultural Service budget (not significant) with R2 value = 86.6%. Wetland conversion control was conducted through budget strategies which are analyzed with Analitycal Hierrachy Process (AHP) calculation, resulting as follows: (1) socialization budget; (2) budget for formulating local regulation; (3)budget sharing with the central/provincial government; (4) streamlining the role of the private; (5) budget supervision; (6)budget for (land banking); (7) incentives and disincentives for farmers.
APLIKASI PROGRAM LINEAR DALAM PEMBUATAN FORMULASI COOKIES DARI TEPUNG KOMPOSIT (JAGUNG, KACANG KEDELAI DAN BONGGOL PISANG BATU)
Authors: Hariadi Hari , Effendi Supli , Sutisna Achyadi Nana
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari formulasi tepung komposit dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan bahan baku tanpa mengurangi mutu yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penerapan linier programming. Faktor pembatas yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan bahan baku dari tepung komposit, nilai pembatas diambil dari SNI No. 01-2973-1992. Faktor kendala adalah harga bahan baku yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menghasilkan karakteristik tepung yang sesuai dengan syarat mutu SNI. Analisis kimia untuk tepung jagung adalah karbohidrat sebesar 70,45 %, protein 8,96 %, kadar lemak 4,00 % dan kadar air 3,14 %; tepung kacang kedelai mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 37,80 %, protein 35,60 %, lemak 20,16 % dan kadar air 2,83 %; sedangkan tepung bonggol pisang batu mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 66,20 %, protein 3,40 %, lemak 0,00 % dan kadar air 9,28 %. Hasil penelitian tahap kedua, dari lima formulasi yang feasible, didapatkan formulasi 5 sebagai formula optimal terpilih. Berdasarkan uji kesukaan, formulasi ini menghasilkan cookies dengan warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur paling baik; berdasarkan hasil program linier dihasilkan biaya produksi terendah, yaitu Rp 1.734,400,- per 100 gram; serta berdasarkan analisis kandungan zat gizi, dari linier programming, formulasi 5 mengandung protein 6,80 gram, karbohidrat 55,03 gram, lemak 16,50 gram, energi 396,14 kkal, dan kadar air 13,16%; sedangkan berdasarkan analisis kimia diperoleh protein 13,47 gram, karbohidrat 60,12 gram, lemak 16,82 gram, energi 446,82 kkal, dan kadar air 2,14 %. Produk tersebut telah memenuhi syarat dari SNI No. 01-2973-1992 dan lebih tinggi dibanding produk cookies yang ada di pasaran. Berdasarkan uji hedonik, formulasi 5 mempunyai nilai tertinggi dari segi uji organoleptik, analisis kandungan gizi, serta analisis biaya dibanding dengan formula lainnya. Produk cookies terpilih sudah memenuhi acuan yang dianjurkan. Persentase sumbangan cookies adalah 22,34% untuk energi dan 30,53% untuk protein.

Kata kunci: bonggol pisang batu, cookies, jagung, kacang kedelai, tepung komposit
RANCANG BANGUN REAKTOR BIOGAS TIPE PORTABLE DARI LIMBAH KOTORAN TERNAK SAPI
Authors: Mahardhian Dwi Putra Guyup , Haji Abdullah Sirajuddin , Priyati Asih , Ajeng Setiawati Diah , Abdul Muttalib Surya
Published: January 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) merancang reaktor biogas skala kecil dan portable dan (2) menganalis kualitas uji nyala api biogas dengan memperhatikan suhu, pH, dan tekanan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan mengukur parameter suhu reaktor biogas, tekanan, derajat keasaman (pH) dan volume gas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan kotoran sapi dan air dengan perbandingan 1:2 pada kapasitas 200 liter. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 37 hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah alat biodigester skala laboratorium tipe floating drum atau terapung yang terbuat dari bahan plastik dan fiber glass dengan diamater reaktor 52 cm dan tinggi 92 cm. Volume biogas yang dihasilkan selama 37 hari adalah 2,721 m3 dengan ata-rata pembentukan gas sebesar 0,074 m3/hari dan laju pembakaran 66,44 liter/jam.

Kata kunci: biogas, kotoran sapi, lama pembakaran, volume
Accelerating Progress towards Reaching Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Baral Kedar Prasad , Yadav Uday Narayan , Baral Gehanath
Published: January 2018

There is time bond succession from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals from 2015 as a defined point of demarcation. This is an ultra short sociopolitical intervention in order to transform society into a healthier state. This is an unnatural process that depends on will and resources. As the country is in political transition it would be an opportunity to assure to implement programs and plans early ahead.
Trends of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shakya Beemba , Baral Gehanath
Published: January 2018

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentation of GTD and response of GTN to single and multiple agent chemotherapy on the basis of WHO Prognostic risk scoring system.Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study undertaken at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. The medical records of 102 GTD cases were reviewed from January 25, 2015 to January 24, 2016. Data pertaining patient characteristics, histopathology types of GTD, management, prognostic risk scores, chemotherapy, follow up and remissions were retrieved and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Among 102 GTD cases, the most common presentation was vaginal bleeding 69(67.6%) followed by ultrasound diagnosed cases 30(29.4%). Primary management of all cases were suction evacuation, 68 completed and 12 are under follow-up. GTN was diagnosed in 14/90 (15.5%) of complete mole and 5/90 (5.5%) of partial mole. Twenty-two cases received chemotherapy for persistent gestational trophoblastic tumour(19) and invasive mole(3). Twenty cases were low risk score group and two cases under high risk group. Out of 20 low risk cases that received MTX-FA, 13/20 (65%) achieved remission. Due to low response of MTX-FA, five of them were converted to Actinomycin-D and achieved remission (100%). Two high risk cases received EMA-CO regimen and achieved 100% remission. Two low risk GTN, complete and invasive mole (underwent hysterectomy) are undergoing MTX-FA chemotherapy.Conclusions: The most common presentation of GTD was vaginal bleeding. Low risk GTN achieved 65% remission with Methotrexate-Folinic acid, ultimately achieved 100% remission with Actinomycin-D. High risk GTN achieved 100% remission with EMA-CO regimen.
Ectopia Cordis: a Rare Congenital Condition
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Chhetri S , Regmi MC , Basnet P
Published: January 2018

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation and only few cases have been reported in literature previously. It is defined as the complete or partial evisceration of heart outside the thoracic cavity through the sternal defect. Most cases are sporadic. The classical presentation for the antenatal diagnosis on ultrasonography is a pulsating heart out of the thoracic cavity with absent chest wall.We reported three cases of ectopia cordis in the last one and half year in our institute. Two of them were diagnosed on ultrasound and the third case terminated for meningocele with severe oligohydramnios had associated ectopia cordis detected after delivery. All three were admitted via out patient department for termination. The first case live at birth had isolated thoracic ectopia cordis with birth weight of 2.4 kilograms, Apgar score of 7,8,9 and was delivered by caesarean section for failed induction while the other two were still birth and  had thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. The live baby was taken to Sahid Gangalal hospital in Kathmandu by the visitors after two days of delivery and the baby underwent surgical intervention but had an unsuccessful outcome. Regarding the management of this condition, parental counseling for pregnancy termination is advised. Though few cases of surgical interventions for ectopia cordis have been reported, mortality rate is still very high.
Primary Amenorrhoea with Transverse Vaginal Septum Presented with Infected Pyometra of 24 Weeks Size
Authors: Paudel Rekha , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Bajracharya Nishma
Published: January 2018

Transverse vaginal septum is a congenital anomaly of the female genital outflow tract. It mostly remains unrecognized till adolescence and manifests as primary amenorrhoea with cyclic lower abdominal pain in background of appropriate Tanner staging secondary sex characterstics. Diagnosis is done by clinical examination and imaging, usually Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Early surgical management by vaginal or abdominal approaches improves the outcome. A 16 years, adolescent with appropriate Tanner staging secondary sex characteristics presented to gynecology (OPD) of Kathmandu Model Hospital with complaints of primary amenorrhoea and palpable abdominal mass of 24 weeks size with cyclic lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound showed features suggestive of hematometra. Under spinal anaesthesia, drainage and excision of the transverse vaginal septum was done followed by placement of vaginal mould post-operatively. We present here a case of primary amenorrhoea with pyometra secondary to transverse vaginal septum.
Acute Total Uterine Inversion: A Life Threatening Obstetrics Emergency
Authors: Shrestha Reena , Shrestha SD , Malla AP , Pradhan R , Pradhan B , RC Laxmi
Published: January 2018

Acute total uterine inversion is a rare and life threatening obstetric emergency. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management reduces maternal mortality and morbidity .We report a case of 28 year old primi, who had total uterine inversion immediately after normal delivery of full term baby weighing 3150gm. Immediate manual repositioning was done by Johnson’s maneuver under general anesthesia. She recovered well and was discharged after 5 days.
BRANTWOOD: Canada’s Largest Experiment in Immersive Theatre
Authors: Tepperman Julie , Cushman Mitchell
Published: January 2018

Julie Tepperman and Mitchell Cushman, co-creators, playwrights, and directors of Brantwood, write about the process of creating the largest site-specific immersive musical in Canada. Originally commissioned by Associate Dean Michael Rubinoff and Sheridan College’s Musical Theatre Program, Brantwood was designed for and performed in a 90-year-old school in Oakville, Ontario that had been closed down due to low enrolment. The piece consisted of 40 original songs (composed by Anika Johnson, Britta Johnson, and Bram Gielen) imbedded in 11 one-hour scripted storylines, each set during a different decade in the history of this imaginary high school. The 15 hours of total material unfolded simultaneously over the course of each three-hour performance, and the audience had free rein to roam everywhere in the building and to follow whichever character they chose in the 42 person cast. Julie and Mitchell write about the challenges of creating theatre on such a large scale, and immersing the audience in an environment that gives them freedom to roam and explore, and engage with the show in both direct and indirect ways, and to push the boundaries of intimacy between performer and audience.
Deep Lez Immersion: A Conversation with Killjoy’s Kastle Creators Deirdre Logue and Allyson Mitchell
Authors: King Moynan
Published: January 2018

This article is an interview with the creators of Killjoy’s Kastle: A Lesbian Feminist Haunted House. Killjoy’s Kastle was staged in Toronto in October 2013 and then again Los Angeles in October 2015. In the Toronto and Los Angeles iterations I performed the role of a Demented Women’s Studies Professor Tour Guide. On 14 April 2017 I sat down with Mitchell and Logue to talk about this monstrous immersive project.
Approaching Ambient Drama: Reflections on Two Immersive Experiments
Authors: McLean Alex , Cayley Kate , Legere Stewart
Published: January 2018

Three Zuppa Theatre Co. collaborators consider the creation of the company’s recent work, The Archive of Missing Things. They discuss the creative process, the tenuous relationship between intention and accident, and the relationship of the performance to a previous work, Pop-Up Love Party. The discussion hinges on the notion of ‘ambient drama,’ which situates the performance event discreetly within an environment, functioning as it regularly does, in an attempt to facilitate interaction between the theatrical and the ordinary.
For This Land
Authors: 2bears Jackson , Rogers Janet
Published: January 2018

For This Land provides an overview of the philosophy, concepts, practice, and inspiration adopted by one Indigenous media team. The 2Ro Media team has discovered, through their creative voice, a means to carry themselves back to their community from where they were not raised, where they felt a part of, and where they long to return. The article speaks of ways the team is asking permission to return by placing themselves on the land of their territories and engaging in new conversations with the land through interactive embodied storytelling. The narratives produced are both personal and universal. The artists recount, with brave openness, the vulnerability of their experience. The article presents an opportunity for the reader to place themselves inside their story to explore relatable narratives in their own lives. Through the story offerings embedded in the article, there exists potential for common experience to be explored thus creating spaces of compassionate and deeper relationships with each other.
Head Under
Authors: Fanconi Kendra
Published: January 2018

A personal account of the development of the place-based wilderness theatre aesthetic of The Only Animal, by artistic director, Kendra Fanconi. Based on the far west coast of Canada, in a ferry-isolated community of ten thousand in a town of three hundred, The Only Animal makes immersive, elemental theatre that seeks to connect the community to local treasures, like the Mt Elphinstone forest that is being incrementally logged. This driving effort to preserve the natural world extends to urban wilds in Vancouver, and also across to threatened wilderness across the country. The article contains an account of the 2016 production of Tinkers, based on the Pulitzer-Prize winning novel by Paul Harding, and a new theatrical experiment that will encompass the next cycle, Year of the typewriter.
Fear + Time
Authors: Inglis Heather
Published: January 2018

Theatre Yes is award-winning boutique theatre company that responds to national and international cultural conversations with programming that invites audiences to become a vital part of each performance. Artistic Producer Heather Inglis tells the story of the company’s latest immersive, pan-Canadian work Anxiety from inception to completion. A meditation on the creative process and how big-picture questions about our times impact how we engage with the world and make theatre. The article examines the groundbreaking creation methods used to facilitate a national collaboration between six small-scale experimental theatre companies from across Canada to create a found-space, immersive theatre production in Edmonton in 2016. In the context of pandemics of anxiety, the supremacy digital media and our increasing need for real-time connectivity, Theatre Yes’s Anxiety provided paradigm-shifting response to theatre creation, modelling the new possibilities for collaboartion, audience interactivity, and immersion in the digital age.
Gargantuan: The Thrills and Challenges of Creating Immersive Theatre
Authors: Hopkins Mark , Netto Charles
Published: January 2018

Mark Hopkins, Co-Artistic Director of Calgary’s Swallow-a-Bicycle Theatre, reflects on the company’s attempts to create an immersive theatre production, Gargantuan, focused on individual and collective complicity in existential global challenges like climate change, social and economic inequities, resource depletion, etc. The article outlines Gargantuan’s development from 2015 to 2016, and the many difficulties that Swallow-a-Bicycle encountered in creating immersive theatre.
Why Theatre Now?
Authors: Filewod Alan
Published: January 2018

This review of Gallagher and Freeman’s In Defence of Theatre: Aesthetic Practices and Social Intervention traces key themes of performance affect and cultural space in its nineteen contributions, which comprise an interconnected community of theatrical work, and which successfully meet the editorial challenge to assemble “a positive and constructive reflection of the ‘now’ of Canadian theatre.”
Raising the Tent on Circus Research: A Review of Cirque Global: Quebec’s Expanding Circus Boundaries
Authors: Nyarady Zita
Published: January 2018

Cirque Global: Quebec’s Expanding Circus Boundaries provides an in-depth survey of scholarship on contemporary circus in Quebec. This review of what will surely become a seminal text in Canadian contemporary circus research responds to the book both through my experience as a circus academic and circus artist.
Phase Boundaries, Optical Refraction and Specific Electrical Conductivity Properties in Lyotropic Micellar L1 Phase: Bicomponent Amphiphilic (DDTMABr + HDTMABr) + Water System
Authors: Altinay Yasemin , Nesrullajev Arif
Published: January 2018

In this work, complex investigations of the temperature and concentration behaviour of the optical refraction properties and specific electrical conductivity properties in lyotropic micellar L1 phase have been carried out. Bicomponent amphiphilic (DDTMABr + HDTMABr) + water lyotropic systems with various DDTMABr/HDTMABr concentration ratios have been objects of our investigations. The phase diagram for L1 phase in this system has been determined. Effect of the DDTMABr/HDTMABr concentration ratios on the refractive index and specific electrical conductivity has been observed. The mutual influence of amphiphile with short alkyl chain (DDTMABr) and long alkyl chain (HDTMABr) on the phase states, refractive index and electrical conductivity properties has been found. Our results show that variation of the concentration ratio in a mixture of amphiphiles with different length of the non-polar tail gives possibility to regulate the hydrophilicity degree, optical density, refraction properties and specific electrical conductivity of mixed lyotropic systems.
On the Influence of Intersurfactant H-Bonds on Foam Stability: A Study with Technical Grade Surfactants
Authors: Ranieri Davide , Preisig Natalie , Stubenrauch Cosima
Published: January 2018

From the literature on the foam stability of various surfactants with C12 alkyl chains but different head groups a clear picture emerges: Foams are more stable when hydrogen bonds can form between the head groups, i. e. when the polar head group has a hydrogen bond donor and a proton acceptor. These observations suggest that hydrogen bonds between neighbouring molecules at the surface enhance foam stability. To support this hypothesis, we carried out a systematic foaming study of two types of technical grade surfactants, one of them being capable of forming H-bonds and the other one not. As was the case for the pure surfactants we found again that more stable foams are formed when the head group is capable of forming intersurfactant H-bonds: These results will certainly affect the future design of surfactants.
Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymer Containing Fluorescent Groups: An Effective and Environmentally Benign Inhibitor for Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Liu Guangqing , Xue Mengwei , Zhou Yuming
Published: January 2018

A novel fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitor, the linear-dendritic double hydrophilic block copolymer [acrylic acid (AA)/allyloxy poly(ethylene glycol) polyglycerol (APEG-PG-(OH)n)/8-allyloxy-1,3,6-pyrene trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (PA) (AA/APEG-PG-(OH)n/PA)] was synthesized by polymerisation of AA, APEG-PG-(OH)n and PA. Structures of APEG, APEG-PG-(OH)n and AA/APEG-PG-(OH)n/PA were determined by 1HNMR. The experiments show that the dosage and the n value of AA/APEG-PG-(OH)n/PA play an important role on CaCO3 inhibition. The polymer AA/APEG-PG-(OH)5/PA displays a 90% inhibition of CaCO3 precipitate formation at a dosage of 8 mg/L. The relationship between the fluorescent intensity of AA/APEG-PG-(OH)5/PA and the dosage of this polymer was studied. The correlation coefficient R of AA/APEG-PG-(OH)5/PA's is 0.9995. The effect on formation of CaCO3 was investigated with combination of XRD and SEM analysis. Finally, the significant cause and mechanism for calcium carbonate inhibition were analysed in depth.
Biodegradation of Oxyethylated Fatty Alcohols by Bacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes; AE Biodegradation by Pseudomonas alcaligenes
Authors: Witkowska Dorota , Ginter-Kramarczyk Dobrochna , Holderna-Odachowska Aleksandra , Budnik Irena , Kaczorek Ewa , Lukaszewski Zenon , Zembrzuska Joanna
Published: January 2018

Pseudomanas alcaligenes is a Gram-negative soil bacteria which has the potential to degrade hydrocarbons including aromatic compounds. The biodegradation of a representative oxyethylated fatty alcohol by the PA strain under static model conditions with a surfactant as a sole source of organic carbon was investigated. Polydispersal oxyethylated dodecanol C12E10 is biodegraded by the bacterial P. alcaligenes strain of following two alternative pathways: central fission with formation of poly(ethylene glycols) or ω-oxidation of an oxyethylene chain with the formation of carboxyl end group and intermediate aldehyde group. Shorter homologues of polydispersal mixture C12E10 are faster biodegraded and the mixture is enriched with longer homologues.
Effect of Additives on the Phase Behavior of SDS/CTAB/H2O Systems
Authors: Teng Hongni , Liu Wenxiu , Chen Yong , Wang Xiuyun , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2018

The effect of additives on the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied in detail for extended applications. The results showed that both the widths of an anionic two-phase aqueous system (ATPSa) region with SDS in excess and a aqueous cationic two-phase system (ATPSc) region with CTAB in excess are very narrow, less than 1% in absence of any additives. However, phase regions of ATPS move toward the corresponding isotropic single phase regions and become wider in the presence of inorganic additives such as NaBr in the aqueous surfactant solutions. This is because the addition of inorganic salt increases the concentration of inorganic counter-ions and therefore the electrostatic interactions between counter-ions and surfactant aggregates. Meanwhile, the organic salts, sodium salicylate and tetrabutylammonium bromide, have been found to have a greater capacity to expand the range of ATPS because the electrostatic interactions between organic ions and aggregates were adjustable through the deformation of the electron cloud of organic ions. Organic additives with different properties can effectively extend the range of either ATPSc or ATPSa. Wherein, sodium salicylate can expand ATPSc efficiently and tetrabutylammonium bromide can expand ATPSa significantly.
Performance Evaluation and Application of the Surfactant Combinations showing Ultra-low Oil-Water Interfacial Tensions
Authors: Tan Junling , Shen Yiding , Lai Xiaojuan , Wang Lei , Li Haina , Liu Shuren
Published: January 2018

In order to select a surfactant formulation with an ultra-low oil-water interfacial tension for application in a low permeability oil field, surfactant combinations were developed consisting of non-ionic alkanolamides, anionic alkyl benzene sulfonate and betaine in certain proportions. The results showed that the oil-water interfacial tension (oil from the Changing Jing'an field) could decease to 10−4 mN m−1∼10−5 mN m−1 in the wide surfactant concentration range of 0.3%∼0.6% and a salinity of 100 000 mg L−1 at 40°C∼70°C. From 2012 to 2013, the field tests of 8 injection and 39 production wells were carried out. The water-cut escalating rate decreased from + 1.26% to −0.15% monthly. The yield changing rate increased from −1.59% monthly to + 0.12%. The valid period of the test was more than 10 months. The improved oil recovery of the in-test well groups were predicted to increase 6.3% using type A characteristic curve of drive water. When comparing the three injection technologies, the key to the success of field application of surfactant combinations having an ultra-low oil-to-water interfacial tension is a consistent profile protocol of water injection.
Understanding Tail-Biting in Pigs through Social Network Analysis
Authors: Li Yuzhi , Zhang Haifeng , Johnston Lee , Martin Wayne
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between social structure and incidence of tail-biting in pigs. Pigs (n = 144, initial weight = 7.2 ± 1.57 kg, 4 weeks of age) were grouped based on their litter origin: littermates, non-littermates, and half-group of littermates. Six pens (8 pigs/pen) of each litter origin were studied for 6 weeks. Incidence of tail injury and growth performance were monitored. Behavior of pigs was video recorded for 6 h at 6 and 8 weeks of age. Video recordings were scanned at 10 min intervals to register pigs that were lying together (1) or not (0) in binary matrices. Half weight association index was used for social network construction. Social network analysis was performed using the UCINET software. Littermates had lower network density (0.119 vs. 0.174; p < 0.05), more absent social ties (20 vs. 12; p < 0.05), and fewer weak social ties (6 vs. 14, p < 0.05) than non-littermates, indicating that littermates might be less socially connected. Fifteen percent of littermates were identified as victimized pigs by tail-biting, and no victimized pigs were observed in other treatment groups. These results suggest that littermates might be less socially connected among themselves which may predispose them to development of tail-biting.
Long-Chain Metabolites of Vitamin E: Metabolic Activation as a General Concept for Lipid-Soluble Vitamins?
Authors: Schubert Martin , Kluge Stefan , Schmölz Lisa , Wallert Maria , Galli Francesco , Birringer Marc , Lorkowski Stefan
Published: January 2018

Vitamins E, A, D and K comprise the class of lipid-soluble vitamins. For vitamins A and D, a metabolic conversion of precursors to active metabolites has already been described. During the metabolism of vitamin E, the long-chain metabolites (LCMs) 13′-hydroxychromanol (13′-OH) and 13′-carboxychromanol (13′-COOH) are formed by oxidative modification of the side-chain. The occurrence of these metabolites in human serum indicates a physiological relevance. Indeed, effects of the LCMs on lipid metabolism, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammatory actions as well as tocopherol and xenobiotic metabolism have been shown. Interestingly, there are several parallels between the actions of the LCMs of vitamin E and the active metabolites of vitamin A and D. The recent findings that the LCMs exert effects different from that of their precursors support their putative role as regulatory metabolites. Hence, it could be proposed that the mode of action of the LCMs might be mediated by a mechanism similar to vitamin A and D metabolites. If the physiological relevance and this concept of action of the LCMs can be confirmed, a general concept of activation of lipid-soluble vitamins via their metabolites might be deduced.
A General Euler Angle Error Model of Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems
Authors: Li Jianli , Dang Pengfei , Li Yiqi , Gu Bin
Published: January 2018

Attitude error models play an important role in analyzing the characteristics of navigation error propagation for the design and operation of strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS). However, the majority of existing attitude error models focus on misalignment, rather than Euler angle errors. Misalignment cannot directly describe attitude error propagation, which is an indirect measurement. To solve the problem, a general Euler angle error model of SINS is proposed. Based on Euler angle error propagation analysis, relative Euler angle errors, and convected Euler angle errors are introduced to compose the general Euler angle error model. Simulation experiments are carried out to verify the proposed model.
Neutrosophic Positive Implicative N -Ideals in BCK-Algebras
Authors: Jun Young , Smarandache Florentin , Song Seok-Zun , Khan Madad
Published: January 2018

The notion of a neutrosophic positive implicative N -ideal in B C K -algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a neutrosophic N -ideal and a neutrosophic positive implicative N -ideal are discussed. Characterizations of a neutrosophic positive implicative N -ideal are considered. Conditions for a neutrosophic N -ideal to be a neutrosophic positive implicative N -ideal are provided. An extension property of a neutrosophic positive implicative N -ideal based on the negative indeterminacy membership function is discussed.
Advances in Molecular Profiling and Categorisation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and the Implications for Therapy
Authors: Pihlak Rille , Weaver Jamie , Valle Juan , McNamara Mairéad
Published: January 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be a disease with poor outcomes and short-lived treatment responses. New information is emerging from genome sequencing identifying potential subgroups based on somatic and germline mutations. A variety of different mutations and mutational signatures have been identified; the driver mutation in around 93% of PDAC is KRAS, with other recorded alterations being SMAD4 and CDKN2A. Mutations in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage repair pathway have also been investigated in PDAC and multiple clinical trials are ongoing with DNA-damaging agents. Rare mutations in BRAF and microsatellite instability (MSI) have been reported in about 1–3% of patients with PDAC, and agents used in other cancers to target these have also shown some promise. Immunotherapy is a developing field, but has failed to demonstrate benefits in PDAC to date. While many trials have failed to improve outcomes in this deadly disease, there is optimism that by developing a better understanding of the translational aspects of this cancer, future informed therapeutic strategies may prove more successful.
Rhodium-Biphephos-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization–Hydroformylation of Oleonitrile
Authors: Le Goanvic Lucas , Ternel Jérémy , Couturier Jean-Luc , Dubois Jean-Luc , Carpentier Jean-François
Published: January 2018

Tandem isomerization–hydroformylation of oleonitrile (an 18-carbon nitrile with a remote internal (9-)C=C bond) has been studied using Rh-bisphosphite catalyst systems, targeting formation of the linear aldehyde. The best compromise between regioselectivity (l/b = 58:42) and chemoselectivity (60%) was obtained at 120 °C and 10 bar CO/H2 (1:1) with a catalyst based on Biphephos at a 0.5 mol % catalyst load and a low ligand excess (2 equiv. versus Rh). These values stand among the better reported ones for the tandem isomerization–hydroformylation of long chain olefins with a single-component catalyst system.
Pd-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reactions Using Fluorine-Containing Agents as the Cross-Coupling Partners
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Hua-Wen , He Jian , Zhang Cheng-Pan
Published: January 2018

The Mizoroki-Heck reaction represents one of the most convenient methods for carbon-carbon double bond formation in the synthesis of small organic molecules, natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Fluorine-containing organic compounds have found wide applications in the research areas of materials and life sciences over the past several decades. The incorporation of fluorine-containing segments into the target molecules by the Mizoroki-Heck reactions is highly attractive, as these reactions efficiently construct carbon-carbon double bonds bearing fluorinated functional groups by simple procedures. This review summarizes the palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reactions using various fluorine-containing reagents as the cross-coupling partners. The first part of the review describes the Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reactions of aryl halides or pseudo-halides with the fluorinated alkenes, and the second part discusses the Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reactions of the fluorinated halides or pseudo-halides with alkenes. Variants of the Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reactions with fluorine-containing reagents are also briefly depicted. This work supplies an overview, as well as a guide, to both younger and more established researchers in order to attract more attention and contributions in the realm of Mizoroki-Heck reactions with fluorine-containing participants.
Over-Expression of the Thermobifida fusca β-Glucosidase in a Yarrowia lipolytica Transformant to Degrade Soybean Isoflavones
Authors: Chen Wei-Lin , Yang Yo-Ming , Guo Gui-Wen , Chen Cheng-Yu , Huang Yu-Chun , Liu Wen-Hsiung , Huang Keh-Feng , Yang Chao-Hsun
Published: January 2018

A gene (bgl) encoding a β-glucosidase in thermophilic actinomycete Thermobifida fusca NTU 22 was cloned into a Yarrowia lipolytica expression system. Heterologous expression resulted in extracellular β-glucosidase production with activity as high as 630 U/mL in a Hinton flask culture filtrate. This recombinant β-glucosidase was purified 9.2-fold from crude culture filtrate by DEAE-Sepharose FF column chromatography as measured by its increase in specific activity. The overall yield of the purified enzyme was 47.5%. The molecular weight of the purified β-glucosidase estimated by SDS-PAGE was 45 kDa, which agreed with the predicted molecular weight based on the nucleotide sequence. About 15% enzyme activity loss was observed after the enzyme was heat-treated at 50 °C for 180 min. It was also found that the activity of the enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Ba2+, Ag+, p-chloromercuribenzene, and iodoacetate. The β-glucosidase from T. fusca had the most activity for daidzein-7-glucoside and genistein-7-glucoside among the tested flavonoid glycosides, but there was moderate or little activity for luteolin-7-glucoside, cyanidine-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside. These properties are important for the soybean isoflavone applications of this β-glucosidase.
Hydrogen-Etched TiO2−x as Efficient Support of Gold Catalysts for Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Song Li , Lu Zhufeng , Zhang Yuting , Su Qi , Li Lei
Published: January 2018

Hydrogen-etching technology was used to prepare TiO2−x nanoribbons with abundant stable surface oxygen vacancies. Compared with traditional Au-TiO2, gold supported on hydrogen-etched TiO2−x nanoribbons had been proven to be efficient and stable water–gas shift (WGS) catalysts. The disorder layer and abundant stable surface oxygen vacancies of hydrogen-etched TiO2−x nanoribbons lead to higher microstrain and more metallic Au0 species, respectively, which all facilitate the improvement of WGS catalytic activities. Furthermore, we successfully correlated the WGS thermocatalytic activities with their optoelectronic properties, and then tried to understand WGS pathways from the view of electron flow process. Hereinto, the narrowed forbidden band gap leads to the decreased Ohmic barrier, which enhances the transmission efficiency of “hot-electron flow”. Meanwhile, the abundant surface oxygen vacancies are considered as electron traps, thus promoting the flow of “hot-electron” and reduction reaction of H2O. As a result, the WGS catalytic activity was enhanced. The concept involved hydrogen-etching technology leading to abundant surface oxygen vacancies can be attempted on other supported catalysts for WGS reaction or other thermocatalytic reactions.
Current Evidence on Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children: What Does the Evidence from Saudi Arabia Tell Us?
Authors: Alaklabi Asma , Alsharairi Naser
Published: January 2018

Obesity and vitamin D deficiency represent major health problems among Saudi children, and have been linked to chronic diseases. Obese children are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency, which appears to have negative influences on energy homeostasis, impeded bone mineralisation, insulin resistance and inflammation. Evidence supporting the association between vitamin D deficiency of obese children and metabolic syndrome has not specifically been studied in early childhood. The mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese children needs further elucidation. This commentary aims to (i) summarise current knowledge of the association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in obese children; and (ii) discuss current evidence for the association among Saudi Arabian children.
Effect of Tip Shape of Frictional Stir Burnishing Tool on Processed Layer’s Hardness, Residual Stress and Surface Roughness
Authors: Takada Yoshimasa , Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: January 2018

Friction stir burnishing (FSB) is a surface-enhancement method used after machining, without the need for an additional device. The FSB process is applied on a machine that uses rotation tools (e.g., machining center or multi-tasking machine). Therefore, the FSB process can be applied immediately after the cutting process using the same machine tool. Here, we apply the FSB to the shaft materials of 0.45% C steel using a multi-tasking machine. In the FSB process, the burnishing tool rotates at a high-revolution speed. The thin surface layer is rubbed and stirred as the temperature is increased and decreased. With the FSB process, high hardness or compressive residual stress can be obtained on the surface layer. However, when we applied the FSB process using a 3 mm diameter sphere tip shape tool, the surface roughness increased substantially (Ra = 20 µm). We therefore used four types of tip shape tools to examine the effect of burnishing tool tip radius on surface roughness, hardness, residual stress in the FSB process. Results indicated that the surface roughness was lowest (Ra = 10 µm) when the tip radius tool diameter was large (30 mm).
Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Cerium Nitrate Coatings on Mild Steel
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Zahir Md. , Haq Md. , Shehri Dhafer , Kumar A.
Published: January 2018

Waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3) dispersions were synthesized with different defined Ce(NO3)3 content. All pristine dispersions were stable with different poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG) number average molecular weights (Mn) of 650, 1000, and 2000. The interaction between the carboxyl acid salt group and Ce(NO3)3 was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Coating hydrophilicity, water swelling (%), water contact angle, leaching, and corrosion protection efficiency were all affected when using different Ce(NO3)3 content and PTMG molecular weights. The maximal corrosion protection of the WBPU coating was recorded using a higher molecular weight of PTMG with 0.016 mole Ce(NO3)3 content.
Surface Coatings of TiO2 Nanoparticles onto the Designed Fabrics for Enhanced Self-Cleaning Properties
Authors: Abbas Mudassar , Iftikhar Hina , Malik Mumtaz , Nazir Ahsan
Published: January 2018

Herein, the hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of three different fabric surfaces have been evaluated after applying titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofinishes. The nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel techniques and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The ultra-refined particles were applied over three different fabric substrates having similar weave of Z-twill (3/1). The yarns of 100% polyester, blend of viscose with mod-acrylic and high performance polyethylene containing 16 yarn count (Ne) and 31.496 and 15.748 ends/cm and picks/cm, respectively, were used for required fabric preparation. The different fabric structures were applied with self-cleaning finish of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared in our laboratory and the results were compared with commercially available finish Rucoguard AFR. The static contact angles, UV-protection factor, air permeability and hydrophobic activity of nanofinished fabric helped in evaluating their breathability and self-cleaning properties.
An Improvement on Remote User Authentication Schemes Using Smart Cards
Authors: Chen Chin-Ling , Deng Yong-Yuan , Tang Yung-Wen , Chen Jung-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Fan
Published: January 2018

In 2010, Yeh et al. proposed two robust remote user authentication schemes using smart cards; their claims were such that their schemes defended against ID-theft attacks, reply attacks, undetectable on-line password guessing attacks, off-line password guessing attacks, user impersonation attack, server counterfeit attack and man-in-the-middle attack. In this paper, we show that Yeh et al.’s schemes are still vulnerable to ID-theft attack, off-line password guessing attacks, undetectable on-line password guessing attacks and user impersonation attack. Notably, problems remain in situations where the user lost a smart card or the malicious legal user. To remedy these flaws, this paper proposes an improvement on Yeh et al.’s remote user authentication schemes using smart cards.
Switchable Liquid Crystal Contact Lenses for the Correction of Presbyopia
Authors: Bailey James , Morgan Philip , Gleeson Helen , Jones J.
Published: January 2018

Presbyopia is an age-related disorder where the lens of the eye hardens so that focusing on near objects becomes increasingly difficult. This complaint affects everyone over the age of 50. It is becoming progressively more relevant, as the average age of the global population continues to rise. Bifocal or varifocal spectacles are currently the best solution for those that require near and far vision correction. However, many people prefer not to wear spectacles and while multifocal contact lenses are available, they are not widely prescribed and can require significant adaptation by wearers. One possible solution is to use liquid crystal contact lenses that can change focal power by applying a small electric field across the device. However, the design of these contact lenses must be carefully considered as they must be comfortable for the user to wear and able to provide the required change in focal power (usually about +2D). Progress towards different lens designs, which includes lens geometry, liquid crystal choices and suitable alignment modes, are reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss suitable electrode materials, possible power sources and suggest some methods for switching the lenses between near and far vision correction.