bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALTERAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA OCULAR EM RESPOSTA AO TREINAMENTO DE CORRIDA EM CAVALOS PURO-SANGUE-INGLÊS NO JOCKEY CLUB
Authors: Seabra Jéssica Carvalho , Dittrich João Ricardo , Do Vale Marcos Martinez , Janiszewski Jéssica Do Rocio , De Hollanda Rafaella Silva
Published: October 2019

Durante uma situação estressante, a termografia infravermelha podedetectar as alterações do fluxo sanguíneo causadas pela liberação decatecolaminas e cortisol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações datemperatura ocular associadas ao estresse fisiológico induzido por uma sessão de treinamento de corrida com cavalos Puro-sangue-inglês. Imagens térmicas do olho esquerdo de 13 cavalos puro-sangue-inglês foram capturadas antes e depois do exercício durante o último dia de treinamento antes da primeira corrida oficial dos animais e a temperatura máxima do globo ocular foi analisada. A frequência respiratória dos animais foi mensurada antes e após o exercício, sendo registradas também a temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar no estábulo e na pistade corrida. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 13 repetições. As mudanças na temperatura máxima ocular foram analisadas com ANOVA e a correlação entre a temperatura máxima ocular, a frequência respiratória e o índice de conforto térmico (IC) foi investigada. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,01) da temperatura ocular após a sessão de treinamento. Foi encontrada uma correlação linear positiva entre a frequência respiratória e as temperaturas máximas oculares, entretanto não houve correlação entre a temperatura ocular e o índice de conforto térmico ou entre a frequência respiratória e o índice de conforto térmico. A termografia infravermelha é capaz de medir efetivamente a mudança de temperatura do olho, que pode estar relacionada aos níveis de estresse em cavalos puro-sangue durante o treinamento de corrida.
n. 31 - EDUCAÇÃO E DIGNIDADE: CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DE GARANTIAS DE DIREITOS?
Authors: Fortes Alves Maria Dolores , Peixoto Vidinha Marly Do Socorro , Nogueira Diógenes Elione Maria
Published: October 2019

Discutir educação implica debater sua relação com a dignidade, pois, educação e dignidade são construções históricas ou garantias de direitos. Partindo deste ponto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma breve reflexão sobre educação, cujo pressuposto tem que  pensar uma organização sistêmica eficiente e eficaz para a educação é uma tarefa complexa do ponto de vista teórico e prático, e nesse sentido necessário de faz sempre voltar o olhar para os marcos regulatórios do processo de formulação das políticas educacionais. Numa perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa, como caminho metodológico, faremos uma reflexão teórica, tendo como base, as constituições brasileira. Considerando que a educação, nos termos da Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988, é direito público subjetivo e, como tal, condição indispensável ao exercício da cidadania, abordamos questões relacionadas a itens consagrados na referida CF., dentre os quais garantias de direito à educação e respeito à dignidade humana e ainda apontaremos a importância da participação das pessoas nos processos decisórios, na formulação das políticas públicas, na execução de programas e projetos de interesse coletivo e na fruição de seus resultados de forma desconcentrada. Concluímos,  aludindo que o Estado deve concretizar a efetivação do direito à educação,  como direito humano conquistado por uma coletividade, fruto de longa e árdua luta.
FINANCIAL VALUE OF MOSSURIZE FOREST IN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Júlio Félita Joaquim , Falcão Mário Paulo , Júnior Romano Timofeiczyk , Buratto David Alexandre , Hersen Amarildo
Published: October 2019

The Mossurize forest does not yet have a financial value and therefore there is a need to estimate and quantify it, as this procedure will provide the financial reference of the same, thus stimulating alternative sources of income for rural communities and concern with the use of sustainable. practices in the use of forest resources. The objective of this work was to calculate the financial value of the Mossurize forest, Manica province, Republic of Mozambique, with the identification of the value of forest products and thus provide economic subsidy for the rational exploitation of their resources. This work was developed in an area of 41,331 hectares. To characterize the vegetation cover was used the inventory data of the tree species. The calculation methodology, by sampling, made use of quantification procedures for the commercial value species, Annual Acceptable Cut (AAC), Unit and Annual Cost, Total Revenue, Net Benefit (NB) and Net Present Value (NPV). The results indicate a positive financial value for this forest process, considering the commercial value of the species. It is highlighted the need to create and improve a sustainable forest management program and market stimulus for sustainable management products.
THORNTHWAITE’S CLIMATE REGIONALIZATION FOR THE STATE OF TOCANTINS, BRAZIL
Authors: Souza Fábio Henrique Morais de , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro , Avanzi Junior Cesar , Giongo Marcos , Vieira Filho Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Tocantins State faces a large-scale agricultural expansion. Thus, climate studies are essential for a better understanding of climate variability supporting agricultural and environmental planning. In this context, this study applies the climatic classification of Thornthwaite and develops a climate regionalization through geostatistical techniques, assessing the performance of the interpolators ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (CK). Data from 26 weather stations located in Tocantins State and surroundings were used. The variables of interest to climate regionalization, obtained by the climatic water balance, were mapped by geostatistical techniques. The results of cross-validation showed that ordinary kriging and cokriging performed well. The spherical and exponential semivariogram models obtained the best fit in 40% of the analyzes each, and the gaussian in 20%. The climatic classification of Thornthwaite applied to Tocantins State showed the presence of humid (B1), moist subhumid (C2), and dry subhumid (C1) climates. There were found three climatic regions: B1A’wa’: Humid, megathermal, with moderate winter water deficiency, and a temperature efficiency regime normal to megathermal , occurring in the western region of the state; C2A’wa’: Moist subhumid, megathermal, with moderate winter water deficiency, and a temperature efficiency regime normal to megathermal , occurring in the central region and extending from the north to the south of the state; and C1A’w2a’: Dry subhumid, megathermal, with large summer water surplus, and a temperature efficiency regime normal to megathermal , in the east and northeast of the state.
Color variability and relationship with basic density and extractive content of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood
Authors: Silva Sandra Bezerra da , Andrade Jaily Kerller Batista de , Arantes Marina Donária Chaves , Silva João Gabriel Missia da , Brocco Victor Fassina , Paes Juarez Benigno
Published: October 2019

There are reports relating color to extractives, however there is a lack of information about the effect of other characteristics on the colorimetry of wood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal and radial variability of color and its relationship with the basic density and extractive contents of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood from a six-year-old plantation located in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The determination and assessment of the wood color were carried out by the Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage - CIE-L*a*b* system. The basic density and extractive contents were determined according to current technical standards. The species wood color was classified as yellowish olive. The highest and lowest lightness (L*) were longitudinally observed in the base (cutting height) and diameter at breast height (DBH), taken at 1.30 m from the ground. In relation to radial position, the lightness (L*) was lower in peripheral regions of the trunk. Higher concentrations of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and saturation (C) occurred along the DBH and the external radial position. In evaluating age, the extractive contents were not correlated to the wood color, while the basic density was correlated with a*, b*, C and h* colorimetric parameters. The colorimetric characterization of this specie contributes to its proper identification and a more homogeneous classification of lumber, and can be used from the log break-down (sawing) to its end use, adding commercial value to the wood.
SUBSTRATE AND FERTILIZATION IN THE QUALITY OF Myrocarpus frondosus SEEDLINGS
Authors: Carpenedo Aimi Suelen , Machado Araujo Maristela , Fermino Maria Helena , Almeri Tabaldi Luciane , Claudino Zavistanovicz Thairini , Mieth Patrícia
Published: October 2019

Myrocarpus frondosus is a native species with high commercial timber value. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Myrocarpus frondosus in the nursery and to indicate the most adequate substrate and fertilization for the production of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme, composed of four combinations of substrates: S1-100% commercial substrate (CS); S2 - 80% CS and 20% carbonated rice husk (CRH); S3 - 60% CS and 40% CRH; S4 - 40% CS and 60% CRH, and four fertilizations: NF – No fertilization; CRF – controlled release fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride); RRF – ready release fertilizer and micronutrients. Physical and chemical analyses were performed on the substrate. At 300 days after emergence, the following morphological variables were evaluated: (height, stem diameter, H/SD ratio, leaf area, root length, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index) and the physiological variables chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio and electron transport rate). Regardless of the substrate and fertilization, slow growth of the species was observed, even for the best treatment, which was verified from the height (17.87 cm) and stem diameter (2.62 mm). The use of the commercial substrate (40%) with carbonated rice husk (60%) associated with the concentration of 6 g L-1 of controlled release fertilizer is recommended, since they present the best results for the morphological and physiological variables in the nursery in general.
Eye movements, convergence distance and pupil-size when reading from smartphone, computer, print and tablet
Authors: Miranda Antonio Miguel , Nunes-Pereira Eduardo J , Baskaran Karthikeyan , Macedo Antonio Filipe
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the use of eye-tracking glasses to monitor visual behaviour when reading from electronic devices and paper in free-viewing conditions. The Tobii-Pro-Glasses were used to monitor 20 subjects with normal vision during reading tasks. Reading was performed in a smartphone, computer, paper and tablet. Texts from the IReST-test were read in devices in a random order. Participants read one text in each device and then repeated the same task 1 hour later; in total each participant read eight different texts. The sequence for the devices was randomized. We found differences between devices for saccade amplitude, fixation duration, convergence distance and pupil size. Reading speed between computer and tablet was slightly different (8 words-per-minute) and pupil size reduced up to 20% in electronic devices compared to print. Behavioural changes observed whilst reading from different devices may reflect an attempt from readers to optimize performance. The need to maintain visual performance under different visual condition may lead to increased visual symptoms. Eye-tracking glasses could be a valuable tool to investigate visual aspects of digital strain.
Zonificación escolar, proximidad espacial y segregación socioeconómica los casos de Sevilla y Málaga
Authors: Gómez Espino Juan Miguel
Published: October 2019

En el sistema educativo español, la residencia o el empleo en el área de influencia (AI) del centro escolar constituye un criterio central para la admisión del alumnado. A través de dos casos tipo, las ciudades de Sevilla y Málaga, en los que las AIs se han implementado de forma singular, este trabajo desarrolla un análisis contrafactual en el que se contrapone el modelo actual con un modelo de proximidad en el que el criterio de asignación prevalente sería la cercanía relativa al centro. Se obtiene que: los centros del AI no son en muchos casos los más próximos a la residencia o empleo (en torno al 30% en el índice calculado) y que la aplicación de un modelo de proximidad relativa supondría reducir la incidencia teórica del «efecto composición».
FDI and Infrastructure Improvement of ASEAN
Authors: Wang Xiaohui
Published: October 2019

As a synthesis of capital, technology, knowledge and information, foreign direct investment(FDI) has a significant impact on the host country's economy, and the infrastructure is no exception which is an important part of one country's economy. This paper aims to empirically analyse the impact of FDI on infrastructure, using the panel data of ASEAN countries’ infrastructure and FDI from 2003 to 2017 and compare the infrastructure effect of FDI from China and FDI from countries besides China. Result shows that FDI of ASEAN countries did improve the infrastructure level and for every 1% increase in FDI of ASEAN countries, the infrastructure level of ASEAN countries rose 0.308%. In addition, FDI from China of ASEAN countries did improve the infrastructure level and for every 1% increase in FDI from China of ASEAN countries, the infrastructure level of ASEAN countries rose 0.252%. Therefore, as a bottleneck of ASEAN's economic development, infrastructure can be improved by attracting FDI, especially FDI from China.
Ownership Structure, Capital Structure, and Firm Survival
Authors: Ghahroudi Mehdi Rasouli , Hoshino Yasuo , Fakhraei Ehsan
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the influence of ownership structure and capital structure on the survival of firms on Iran's stock market from 2005 to 2015. Firm survival is measured in terms of the exit of the firm “i” in year “t” from among 484 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. We have used a binary logistic regression method to test the hypotheses. The results reveal a significant inverse relationship between capital structure and firm survival and between major ownership and firm survival on the stock market, as well as a significant direct relationship between institutional ownership and firm survival. Thus, firms with a higher ratio of debt to assets have a higher probability of survival. However, those with a higher ratio of institutional ownership are less likely to survive.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES. PART II: TEST RESULTS IN ENTERPRISES OF ŚLĄSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: Grabiec Olimpia
Published: October 2019

The study aims to provide an analysis of the investment activity of enterprises in the Śląskie Voivodeship. The article is empirical and presents an analysis of the research results of selected aspects of investment activity in the surveyed enterprises. The primary data was obtained through a quantitative study using surveys for which the questionnaire was the research tool. The questionnaire was directed to randomly selected enterprises with their main offices located in the Śląskie Voivodeship
ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR CHANGE: TOWARD UNDERSTANDING ITS NATURE AND DIMENSIONS
Authors: Piotrowska-Bożek Wioleta
Published: October 2019

Strategic management researchers claimed that organizational readiness for change is one of the key factor to successful change implementation. This article embrace review of key factors of successful organizational change, review of conceptual definitions and available scale to measure organizational readiness for change.Finally, the proposed measurement scale need to be adressed to generate knowledge useful for practice, identified and discussed
Entrevista com Rubens Oestroem
Authors: Apotheke Revista
Published: October 2019

Entrevista com Rubens Oestroem
Educação pela arte desde uma pedagogia da incerteza & Um desafio incessante: educar ao educador (notas de relacionamento)
Authors: Sarlot Ramón Cabrera
Published: October 2019

Tradução dos artigos Educação pela arte desde uma pedagogia da incerteza & Um desafio incessante: educar ao educador (notas de relacionamento) por Márcia Amaral de Figueiredo.
Support Group Participation
Authors: Garabedian Meghan , Perrone Erin , Pileggi Caitlin , Zimmerman Vanessa
Published: October 2019

Background:

Patients newly diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis (MS) face an overwhelming number of questions about how it will affect their lives. Participation in a support group is one way to obtain information and receive support from others. However, existing support groups are often attended by patients with significant disability, resulting in newly diagnosed patients being hesitant to return.

Methods:

This qualitative pilot study explored perceptions of patients with newly diagnosed MS before and after participation in two monthly meetings. A support group was conducted each month using nursing staff, a physician, and a social worker. Prior to the first meeting, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire with open-ended questions to share their thoughts about how MS may affect their lives. After the two meetings, they were asked to complete the same questionnaire again.

Results:

Eight themes were identified: uncertain disease course; insecure future; physical, emotional, and cognitive impacts; effect on relationships with family and/or spouse/significant other; ability to develop future relationship with significant other; impact on career plans; impact on ability to achieve future goals; and impact on ability to care for self and family. Five of six participants who attended both meetings and one of four who attended only the first meeting expressed a change in their perception of how MS may affect their lives.

Conclusions:

A support group dedicated exclusively to newly diagnosed patients may provide an opportunity for patients to experience a change in perceptions of MS.
THE TENDENCY CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF OILSEED MARKET IN ROMANIA
Authors: CHIRIAC Andreea - Raluca , MOCUȚA Dorina , CRISTEA Stelica
Published: October 2019

Agriculture is the main branch of Romania's national economy, an importantsector, assuring agro-food product for export, materials for the industry and also,food for population. In the growth a country, an important role plays theinternational trade because it express the capacity of providing certains servicesand to produce goods. Romania’s agricultural production in 2016 compared tomembers states of the EU, places Romania, for both cultivated area and output forthe sunflower crops, on the first place. Also, rapeseed production has recorded acontinuous increasing trend in the analyzed period. The increased price is justifiedby demand/offer ratio. The main purpose of the paper was to analyze the foreigntrade activity of Romania with oilseeds and the trends between 2007-2016. Wereused statistical data referring to land surfaces sown with oilseeds, productions, theaverage yield per hectare, prices, import and export and also, the imports coveragedegree by exports.
LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING FOLLOWING ACUTE STRESS AND ALTITUDE HYPOXIA IN LOW AND HIGH HEMATOCRIT SHEEP
Authors: MONEVA Penka , YANCHEV Ivan , DYAVOLOVA Marina , GUDEV Dimitar
Published: October 2019

The object of the present study was to investigate small and large lymphocytestrafficking in sheep with low and high hematocrit values following shearing,exposure to moderate altitude and transport to low altitude. Twenty out of 101 Ilede France ewes (1-7 years old) were used in the present experiment. All ewes ofthe flock were artificially inseminated in May 2015 following estrussynchronization. The animals were allocated into two groups following threefoldmeasurements of hematocrit in all ewes as follows: I- low hematocrit group (n=10)and II - high hematocrit group (n=10). The ewes were transported to the PetrohanPass (1440 m above sea level) in June 2015 immediately after shearing, conductedat the experimental farm of the Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod (500 mabove sea level). Blood samples were collected before shearing, immediately aftershearing, 3 h after shearing, at 14 d following exposure to moderate altitude,immediately after transport to low altitude and following 7d of stay at low altitude.All leukocyte subpopulations were counted microscopically. In the current studywe presented the percentage of lymphocytes only, including small and large(reactive) lymphocytes. High and low hematocrit ewes had different percentage ofsmall lymphocytes when exposed to various acute and chronic stress stimuli. Therewere significant differences in the percentage of large (reactive) lymphocytesbetween low and high hematocrit ewes following blood collection and immediatelyafter shearing. The observed difference in small lymphocyte dynamics among thegroups in response to different stress stimuli was attributed to hematocrit relateddifferences in the time course and magnitude of lymphocyte distribution at earlyand late phases of stress. The results were interpreted to mean that the differencesin lymphocyte trafficking between the two groups of sheep in response to stresswere related to possible difference in the share of aerobic and glycolytic pathwaysfor energy supply.
GENOMIC AND PEDIGREE-BASED INBREEDING IN SLOVAK SPOTTED CATTLE
Authors: KASARDA Radovan , KADLEČÍK Ondrej , TRAKOVICKÁ Anna , MORAVČÍKOVÁ Nina
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of inbreeding in population ofSlovak Spotted cattle and to compare its genomic and pedigree-based estimates.The genomic data have been obtained from in total of 37 AI sires and 50 sire damsgenotyped by using Illumina BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip and ICBF InternationalDairy and Beef v3, respectively. The genealogical information have been obtainedfrom the database of Breeding Services of the Slovak Republic, s. e. The pedigreefile consisted of 109,686 individuals (105,229 dams and 4,457 sires), while thereference population included only living animals, AI sires (129) and dams(36,949). The genomic inbreeding (FROH) was computed as the length of thegenome present in runs of homozygosity (ROH) divided by the total length of theautosomal genome covered by SNPs on the chip and the pedigree-based inbreeding(FPED) was calculated based on assumption that inbreeding of an individual reflectsthe probability that both alleles in one locus are derived from the same ancestor orare identical by descent. The ROH segments greater than 4 Mb (FROH > 4Mb) coveredin average 2.09 % of the genome, while the ROH segments greater than 16 Mb(FROH > 16Mb) achieved 0.43 % which indicated in analysed population recentinbreeding. Similarly, the increase of inbreeding across generation signalized theaverage ΔFPED computed from pedigree information (0.094%). However, thepedigree-based and genomic estimates of inbreeding differ from each other (inaverage FROH>4=0.02; FPED=0.004). In recent generation, the obtained values ofFROH indicated considerably higher degree of inbreeding.
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER POLLUTION
Authors: STOYANOVA Zornitsa , HARIZANOVA Hristina
Published: October 2019

The impact of agriculture on surface and groundwater is determined as negative.On the other hand, agriculture is negatively influenced by wastewater and pollutedgroundwater. The aim of the paper is to identify, analyze and assess the impacts ofagriculture on water pollution and agriculture as a pollutant. The object of thesurvey is agriculture, and the subject of research is 1) the impact of water pollutionon the agrarian sector and 2) the effects of agrarian activities on water pollution.The methodological framework of the paper includes: 1) literature review ofimpact of the water resources on agriculture and agriculture as a contributor to thewater pollution; 2) analysis of impact of agriculture on water pollution based onstatistical information and own survey; 3) conclusions and recommendations formitigation of water pollution. The used method in the paper is survey methodamong agrarian, environmental and agroecological experts.
EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED DRAINAGE ON SOIL WATER REGIME AND QUALITY IN LITHUANIA
Authors: RUDZIANSKAITĖ Aurelija , MISEVIČIENĖ Stefanija
Published: October 2019

Lithuania remains one of the most extensively drained of the Baltic and Nordiccountries. The overall drained area (ditches plus tile drains) totalled 87% of theagricultural land area. Many nutrients from soil are leached through drainageresulting in polluting streams (drain flow receivers) water. Drain flow is treated asa major determinant of water quality. Therefore, the reduction of nutrients enteringthe drains is very important. Controlled drainage conception, when the outflowheight is increased at the mouth, helps reduce drainage runoff and partially purifywater. The aim of the research was to establish controlled drainage influence on thesoil moisture regime, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. Investigations werecarried out in sandy loam and loam soils in the Middle Lithuanian Lowland. Basedon studies, several tendencies were observed: when drainage outflow began, theamount of soil moisture in subsoil (50-80 cm layer of the soil) of controlleddrainage plot was higher than in the conventional drainage plot, and highermoisture supplies stayed for a longer period of time. Controlled drainage had nodirect impact on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations but they were influencedby the leaching quantities of plant usable nutrients. The reason that in many caseslower nitrate nitrogen (54% of all measurements) and phosphorus concentrations(77% of all measurements) were found in the conventional system rather than inthe controlled drainage might be connected to the fact that the latter area containedpredominantly lighter textured soils (sandy loam) making it easier to wash awaythe nutrients unused by plant.
BOTTLENECK ANALYSIS OF ANATOLIAN BLACK CATTLE (BOS TAURUS) USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Authors: SEMEN Zeynep , KARAKAŞ Vedat , ÇÖKÜLGEN Tuncay , ÜNAL İlker , YILMAZ Onur
Published: October 2019

The present study was conducted in order to reveal the genetic diversity andbottleneck in Anatolian Black Cattle (Bos Taurus). Animal material of the studyconsisted of 75 cattle raised in International Center for Livestock Research andTraining. The bottleneck in the cattle breed studied was checked with 10microsatellites markers, amplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)were used according to recommendation of FAO (2011). A total of 116 alleles wasobserved from microsatellites studied. Overall value belongs to average number ofalleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He), the polymorphic information content (PIC), averageheterozygosity (Ĥ), and FIS, known as the inbreeding coefficient, were 11.60, 5.35,0.80, 0.78, 0.80 and 0.012, respectively. All microsatellite markers except INRA23and ETH3 deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Bottleneck wasanalyzed with Bottleneck software according to three different mutation modelsincluding the infinite allele model (IAM), two-phase mutation model (TPM) andstepwise mutation model (SMM). It can be said that there is not any ultimate risk interms of bottleneck considering L–shaped curve showing normal distributionobtained from the analysis.
МЈЕРЕ БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТИ ОРИЈЕНТИСАНЕ КА ИЗВРШИОЦИМА КРИВИЧНИХ ДЈЕЛА СА ЕЛЕМЕНТИМА НАСИЉА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Врућинић Жана , Васиљевић Драгана
Published: October 2019

Насиље, као деструктивни облик понашања, одувијек јебило заступљено у интерактивним односима. Одређени облици његовог ис-пољавања законодавства предвиђају као кривична дјела и за њих прописујуодговарајуће кривичне санкције. Ово је случај и са Кривичним законикомРепублике Српске који је задржао рјешење из Закона о измјенама и допу-нама Кривичног закона Републике Српске из 2013. године када су уведенеодређене новине у погледу кривичноправне реакције на кривична дјела саелементима насиља. Аутори у раду пажњу посвећују особинама личностикоје извршавају кривична дјела са елементима насиља, као и мјерама без-бједности оријентисаним ка извршиоцима кривичних дјела са елементиманасиља у кривичном законодавству Републике Српске.
Forever Displaced?: Identity, Migration, and the Concept of Home in the Works of Manzu Islam, Neamat Imam, and Tahmima Anam
Authors: Mariyam Tahmina
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the meaning of identity and nation, home and belonging, through the study of internal and international migration in three novels. In doing so it encoun- ters the construction of collective identity in Manzu Islam’s Song of our Swampland, the dystopian dislocation in Neamat Imam’s The Black Coat and the concept of meta-home in Tahmima Anam’s The Bones of Grace. The complex, unstable space of diaspora seems ever evolving and forever shifting. Here ‘home’ becomes what Homi K. Bhabha has ex- pounded as “a mythic place of desire.” In this fluid construction of diasporic existence the paper examines the concepts of “de-territorialization,” “unhoming,” “dislocation,” “iden- tity,” and “belonging.”
No More Uncertain: The Future of the Gurkhas in the British Army
Authors: Stanik Paulina
Published: October 2019

Nepalese soldiers, known as the Gurkhas, have been serving in the British Army for over 200 years and have become to be considered an integral part of this military organization. Their long history of service includes participation in the two world wars, as well as the more recent combat missions in the Middle East. However, some call the existence of their military participation a colonial legacy of British imperialism. The aim of this paper is to answer the question on the future of the Nepalese soldiers in the United Kingdom. The study is primarily based on the findings of the 1989 Defence Committee Report regarding the situation and prospects of the Brigade of the Gurkhas, which is juxtaposed with the most recent dispatches and research dealing with the British Army in general and with the Gurkhas themselves.
Possible Solutions for Long-Standing Problems Involving Old English Verbs
Authors: White David L.
Published: October 2019

Solutions based on “equivalence interference” are proposed for various problems involving OE verbs. WG verbs with 1SG /-ͻͻmi/ were modeled on Celtic verbs with /-aami/. Pre-OE eode is from /eiͻͻde/, analogical to 1SG /eiͻͻmi/ from /eimi/. OE dyd- is from reinterpretation of peasant /dïd-/, from low-stressed /ded-/ used as a non-emphatic periphrastic, as noble /düd-/. WG /bii-/ ‘be’ was modeled on Celtic /bii-/ ‘(habitual-future) be’. Habitual-future /bi-/ (lost on the continent) re-developed in OE on the model of habitual-future /bi-/ in Brittonic. The English rule that non-indicative forms of BE are /b/-forms is from Brittonic. 3PL bi(o)đon was modeled on Brittonic /biđont/. Pre-OE /ist/ and /im/ were influenced by Brittonic /is/ and /æm/. Loss of distinct endings before 1PL and 2PL subject pronouns and loss of distinct preterit subjunctive endings were both modeled on their analogues in Brittonic.
Compensatory Lengthening in OT and DOT: Loss of Dorsal Fricatives in Middle or Early Modern English
Authors: Kleban Grzegorz
Published: October 2019

The loss of dorsal fricatives in English held significant consequences for the adjacent tautosyllabic vowels, which underwent Compensatory Lengthening in order to preserve a syllable weight. While the process appears to be regular in descriptive terms, its evaluation handled within standard Optimality Theory highlights the ineffectiveness of the framework to parse both the segment deletion and two weight-related processes: Weight- by-Position and vowel lengthening due to mora preservation. As Optimality Theory has failed to analyse the data in a compelling manner, the introduction of derivation, benefitting from the legacy of Lexical Phonology, seems inevitable. The working solution is provided by Derivational Optimality Theory, which assumes a restrictive use of intermediate stages throughout the evaluation.
A primal role for the vestibular sense in the development of coordinated locomotion
Authors: Ehrlich David E , Schoppik David
Published: October 2019

Mature locomotion requires that animal nervous systems coordinate distinct groups of muscles. The pressures that guide the development of coordination are not well understood. To understand how and why coordination might emerge, we measured the kinematics of spontaneous vertical locomotion across early development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) . We found that zebrafish used their pectoral fins and bodies synergistically during upwards swims. As larvae developed, they changed the way they coordinated fin and body movements, allowing them to climb with increasingly stable postures. This fin-body synergy was absent in vestibular mutants, suggesting sensed imbalance promotes coordinated movements. Similarly, synergies were systematically altered following cerebellar lesions, identifying a neural substrate regulating fin-body coordination. Together these findings link the vestibular sense to the maturation of coordinated locomotion. Developing zebrafish improve postural stability by changing fin-body coordination. We therefore propose that the development of coordinated locomotion is regulated by vestibular sensation.
Structured inhibitory activity dynamics in new virtual environments
Authors: Arriaga Moises , Han Edward B
Published: October 2019

Inhibition plays a powerful role in regulating network excitation and plasticity; however, the activity of defined interneuron types during spatial exploration remain poorly understood. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we recorded hippocampal CA1 somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons as mice performed a goal-directed spatial navigation task in new visual virtual reality (VR) contexts. Activity in both interneuron classes was strongly suppressed but recovered as animals learned to adapt the previously learned task to the new spatial context. Surprisingly, although there was a range of activity suppression across the population, individual somatostatin-expressing interneurons showed consistent levels of activity modulation across exposure to multiple novel environments, suggesting context-independent, stable network roles during spatial exploration. This work reveals population-level temporally dynamic interneuron activity in new environments, within which each interneuron shows stable and consistent activity modulation.
Olfactory connectivity mediates sleep-dependent food choices in humans
Authors: Bhutani Surabhi , Howard James D , Reynolds Rachel , Zee Phyllis C , Gottfried Jay , Kahnt Thorsten
Published: October 2019

Sleep deprivation has marked effects on food intake, shifting food choices toward energy-dense options. Here we test the hypothesis that neural processing in central olfactory circuits, in tandem with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), plays a key role in mediating this relationship. We combined a partial sleep-deprivation protocol, pattern-based olfactory neuroimaging, and ad libitum food intake to test how central olfactory mechanisms alter food intake after sleep deprivation. We found that sleep restriction increased levels of the ECS compound 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG), enhanced encoding of food odors in piriform cortex, and shifted food choices toward energy-dense food items. Importantly, the relationship between changes in 2-OG and food choices was formally mediated by odor-evoked connectivity between the piriform cortex and insula, a region involved in integrating feeding-related signals. These findings describe a potential neurobiological pathway by which state-dependent changes in the ECS may modulate chemosensory processing to regulate food choices.
Effects of ferulic acid esterase-producingLactobacillus fermentumand cellulase additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage
Authors: Su Rina , Ni Kuikui , Wang Tianwei , Yang Xiaopan , Zhang Jie , Liu Yayong , Shi Weixiong , Yan Liu , Jie Chen , Zhong Jin
Published: October 2019

Background

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage material widely used for animal feed production. Ensiling is an effective method for preserving alfalfa, but it has shown some limitations in the production of high-quality alfalfa silage due to its low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content and high buffering capacity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase are often used as silage additives to promote the ensiling process and enhance fermentation quality.

Methods

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ferulic acid esterase (FAE)-producingLactobacillus fermentum17SD-2 (LF) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality and microbial community of alfalfa silage. After 60 days of ensiling, analysis of fermentation quality and bacterial diversity in alfalfa silages were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing methods.

Results

Alfalfa was ensiled with additives (LF, CE, and LF+CE) or without additives for 60 days. All additives increased lactic acid and decreased pH values and ammonia-N contents compared to control. Among all treatments, the combined addition of LF and CE showed lowest pH (4.66) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, 0.57% DM) content, highest contents of lactic acid (LA, 10.51% DM), dry matter (DM, 22.54%) and crude protein (CP, 24.60% DM). Combined addition of LF and CE performed better in reducing neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 29.76% DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF, 22.86% DM) contents than the addition of LF (33.71, 27.39% DM) or CE (32.07, 25.45% DM) alone. Moreover, the microbial analysis indicated that LF+CE treatments increased the abundance of desirableLactobacillusand inhibited the growth of detrimentalEnterobacterandClostridiain alfalfa silage.

Discussion

Combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE is more effective than treatments of LF or CE alone in improving fermentation quality and nutrition values of alfalfa silage. This is likely due to a synergistic effect of CE and FAE produced by LF on plant cell wall degradation, indicating that these additives promote each other to improve fiber degradation and silage fermentation. In conclusion, combined addition of FAE-producing LF and CE could be a feasible way to improve alfalfa silage quality.
Identification of crucial genes in abdominal aortic aneurysm by WGCNA
Authors: Chen Siliang , Yang Dan , Lei Chuxiang , Li Yuan , Sun Xiaoning , Chen Mengyin , Wu Xiao , Zheng Yuehong
Published: October 2019

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the full thickness dilation of the abdominal aorta. However, few effective medical therapies are available. Thus, elucidating the molecular mechanism of AAA pathogenesis and exploring the potential molecular target of medical therapies for AAA is of vital importance.

Methods

Three expression datasets (GSE7084, GSE47472 and GSE57691) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). These datasets were merged and then normalized using the “sva” R package. Differential expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted. We compared the co-expression patterns between AAA and normal conditions, and hub genes of each functional module were identified. DEGs were mapped to co-expression network under AAA condition and a DEG co-expression network was generated. Crucial genes were identified using molecular complex detection (MCODE) (a plugin in Cytoscape).

Results

In our study, 6 and 10 gene modules were detected for the AAA and normal conditions, respectively, while 143 DEGs were screened. Compared to the normal condition, genes associated with immune response, inflammation and muscle contraction were clustered in three gene modules respectively under the AAA condition; the hub genes of the three modules were MAP4K1, NFIB and HPK1, respectively. A DEG co-expression network with 102 nodes and 303 edges was identified, and a hub gene cluster with 10 genes from the DEG co-expression network was detected. YIPF6, RABGAP1, ANKRD6, GPD1L, PGRMC2, HIGD1A, GMDS, MGP, SLC25A4 and FAM129A were in the cluster. The expression levels of these 10 genes showed potential diagnostic value.

Conclusion

Based on WGCNA, we detected 6 modules under the AAA condition and 10 modules in the normal condition. Hub genes of each module and hub gene clusters of the DEG co-expression network were identified. These genes may act as potential targets for medical therapy and diagnostic biomarkers. Further studies are needed to elucidate the detailed biological function of these genes in the pathogenesis of AAA.
Socioeconomic and Behavioral Determinants That Permeate The Active Aging of Elderly People From a Community Living Center / Determinantes Socioeconômicos e Comportamentais Que Permeiam o Envelhecimento Ativo dos Idosos de Um Centro Comunitário de Convivência
Authors: Mira Bruna Corrêa , Rodrigues Ferreira Angela Maria , Ozela Claudia do Santos , Penha de Oliveira Santos Maria Izabel , Palmeira Iaci Proença , Dias da Silva Silvio Éder
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Descrever os determinantes socioeconômicos e comportamentais que permeiam o envelhecimento ativo dos participantes do grupo de convivência de uma Universidade da Terceira Idade. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, realizada a partir de um questionário, com 183 participantes de grupos de convivência de uma universidade pública de Belém/PA. Resultado: Dos 183 participantes, foi predominante 91% do gênero feminino, 71% com idades entre 60 e 70 anos; 51% apresentaram escolaridade superior a 8 anos; 68% residiam com seus familiares e 55% eram ativos economicamente. Observou-se que 99% referiu mudança após início da participação no grupo, 80% apresentou pelo menos uma comorbidade, 91% praticava atividades físicas e 73% usava racionalmente os medicamentos. Conclusão: Os determinantes socioeconômicos e comportamentais dos participantes do estudo apontam satisfação no convívio grupal, conhecimento, qualidade de vida e a promoção do envelhecimento ativo. Descritores: Envelhecimento; Comportamentos Saudáveis; Centros Comunitários Para Idosos.
Sexual Practices, Knowledge and Behavior of College Students Regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Práticas Sexuais, Conhecimento e Comportamento dos Universitários em Relação às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
Authors: Spindola Thelma , Oliveira Claudia Silvia Rocha , Santana Rosana Santos Costa , Sodré Carolina Passos , André Nathália Lourdes Nepomuceno de Oliveira , Brochado Erica de Jesus
Published: October 2019

RESUMOObjetivos: Identificar e avaliar as práticas, o conhecimento e comportamento dos estudantes universitários em relação às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em universidade pública, no Rio de Janeiro com 255 estudantes que responderam a um questionário. Os dados foram analisados com aplicação da estatística descritiva. Resultados: Entre os jovens investigados 181 (71%) eram mulheres e 74 (29%) homens; (93,7%) tinham idades entre 18-24 anos; 194 (76%) eram sexualmente ativos; 110 (43,1%) adotam o preservativo em todos os intercursos sexuais. Os jovens consideram possuir todo conhecimento sobre as Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (87/34,1%); acreditam que a infecção por gonorreia pode ocorrer ao utilizar banheiros públicos (80/31,7%), e que existe cura para hepatite (102/40%). Conclusão: Os achados evidenciam que os estudantes assumem comportamento de risco e demonstram fragilidades no conhecimento sobre a prevenção e transmissão das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Descritores: Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, Assunção de Risco, Adulto Jovem, Enfermagem.
Perception of The Nursing Team About Health Care in The Prison System / Percepção da Equipe de Enfermagem Acerca da Assistência à Saúde no Sistema Prisional
Authors: Reis Fernanda Cristina de Andrade
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Compreender como a equipe de enfermagem percebe a assistência da saúde no Sistema Prisional. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, por estudo de análise de conteúdo realizado no Curso de Enfermagem da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se da fala dos profissionais e análise de conteúdos de artigos cientifico. A coleta de dados foi realizada no presídio, que comporta mais de 2000 custodiados, com uma equipe de enfermagem composta de 03 enfermeiras e aproximadamente 08 técnicos de enfermagem, março/2017. Resultados: Permanece a ideia de promover a saúde, mas devido ao estigma social falta materiais de consumo humano diário. Muitas vezes, há um atendimento ineficaz a saúde devido à falta e preparo dos profissionais. E, demonstrou-se pela fala da equipe de enfermagem que o pensamento centrado no modelo medico-curativista ainda está presente. Considerações Finais: O estudo esclareceu que é importante que haja um processo de organização administrativa básica, para melhorar os recursos organizacionais, capacitar os profissionais, logo trazer condições de saúde dignas aos custodiados.
Caregivers’ Knowledge Concerning The Gastric Cancer Prevention / Conhecimento de Cuidadores Sobre Prevenção do Câncer Gástrico
Authors: Mendes Andrea dos Santos , De Santana Mary Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: Analisar o conhecimento de cuidadores de pacientes com câncer gástrico, identificar os principais fatores de risco em cuidadores e propor ações de educação em saúde junto aos cuidadores sobre o câncer gástrico. Método: Estudo descritivo do tipo qualitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com cuidadores de pacientes com câncer gástrico. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Os entrevistados possuíam conhecimento insuficiente sobre a prevenção do câncer gástrico, levando a aquisição de hábitos não saudáveis, que comprometem a saúde. Conclusão: É necessário a implementação de ações educativas em todos os níveis de atenção a saúde e cabe aos profissionais a difusão de conhecimentos sobre o assunto e aos usuários a mudança de comportamentos que gerem saúde e o abandono de hábitos que contribuam para a aquisição de doenças.Descritores: Conhecimento, prevenção, câncer gástrico, cuidadores.
Assessment of the Effects of Low-Frequency Ultrasound Irradiation Applied to Venous Ulcer Treatment / Avaliação dos Efeitos da Irradiação Ultrassônica de Baixa Frequência no Tratamento de Úlcera Venosa
Authors: Ponte Vanessa Aguiar , De Araújo Thiago Moura , Da Silva Alan Sidney Jacinto , Mororó Darrielle Gomes Alves , Veras Vivian Saraiva
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da irradiação ultrassônica de baixa frequência no tratamento de úlcera venosa. Método: Estudo de aplicação de tecnologia em saúde, realizado com indivíduos com lesões venosas, no ano de 2017 entre os meses de abril a agosto, utilizado formulário estruturado para coleta, analisados no programa Excel e representados em tabela e estatística descritiva. Resultados: Participaram cinco pacientes, três mulheres entre 65 e 88 anos de idade. Os participantes apresentaram cinco úlceras venosas, maioria localizada na porção inferior da perna. Houve redução mínima de 2,5% e máxima de 35,8% sobre a área das lesões. Um participante apresentou 100,0% de epitelização e os demais apresentaram tecido de granulação maior ou igual a 70,0%. Encontrou-se redução máxima de 10 pontos na PUSH, redução mínima de 2 pontos. Conclusão: A terapia ultrassônica traz aspectos positivos para o processo de reparação tecidual.