bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A roupa nova do presidente: a politização da imagem pública de Jânio Quadros (1947-1961)
Authors: Queler Jefferson J.
Published: February 2012

A imagem pública de Jânio Quadros é frequentemente considerada como desprovida de quaisquer significados políticos, seja por historiadores ou pela memória coletiva. Na maioria dos casos, ele é tratado como um demagogo que se promovia apenas através de seu personalismo, exibindo-se em suas aparições públicas despenteado e com camisas abertas no colarinho. Tal perspectiva está profundamente relacionada com a forma pela qual seus oponentes e inimigos o representavam nos debates políticos, e em seu cerne foi bem-sucedida, tendo penetrado na historiografia. Neste texto, porém, pretendo sugerir que, perpassando a década de 1950 e o início da de 1960, desde o início de sua carreira até o momento em que disputou eleições presidenciais e foi o presidente do Brasil, as imagens de Jânio veiculavam um amplo leque de sentidos políticos. Por meio de gestos e roupas, destacando-se aí seus slacks indianos, ele procurou expressar seus projetos relacionados à Democracia Cristã e à Política Externa Independente. Para lidar com essa hipótese, as principais fontes fotográficas e textuais elencadas são as revistas O Cruzeiro e Manchete da época, e outras fotos e ilustrações que então foram bastante difundidas.
La fotografía aérea en México para el estudio de la ciudad: el crucero de El Caballito
Authors: Roca Lourdes
Published: February 2012

El texto plantea algunas posibilidades de investigación con fotografías aéreas, centrándose en el estudio de la ciudad. Ubicado en el caso mexicano, esboza un panorama de la fotografía aérea en México, para enseguida revisar el potencial de este tipo de registro como fuente de investigación. El corpus visual analizado está constituido por una treintena de imágenes aéreas que van de 1932 a 1978 y capturan el espacio urbano que se construye como objeto de estudio: un céntrico crucero de la Ciudad de México, conocido como el crucero de El Caballito, por la estatua ecuestre de Carlos IV, que estuvo en él por casi siglo y medio. Estas imágenes son abordadas para evidenciar las implicaciones metodológicas de trabajar con este tipo de documentos en estudios sobre la ciudad, refiriendo los aportes que ha significado el desarrollo de una propuesta de documentación, catalogación y puesta en acceso que se viene efectuando en el Laboratorio Audiovisual de Investigación Social (LAIS) del Instituto Mora.
Para que servem os testes de alfabetização?
Authors: Oliveira João Batista Araujo e , Silva Luiz Carlos Faria da
Published: February 2012

O presente trabalho analisa os testes de alfabetização disponíveis no Brasil à luz da evidência empírica sobre o tema. O objetivo é verificar quais competências são medidas nesses testes, os construtos sobre alfabetização implícitos ou explícitos pelos indicadores e a robustez dos itens em relação aos indicadores. Os resultados da análise permitem concluir que os diferentes testes usados no Brasil desconhecem a literatura científica sobre o tema, não dialogam entre si e, consequentemente, não avaliam os mesmos indicadores, não apresentam validade de construto nem possuem itens suficientes para medir as competências centrais da alfabetização. Em comum, esses testes compartilham e refletem a confusão conceitual entre os construtos de alfabetização e compreensão.
Impacto do currículo português das ciências físicas e naturais nas práticas docentes
Authors: Martins Idalina , Abelha Marta , Costa Nilza , Roldão Maria do Céu
Published: February 2012

Este artigo pretende disseminar resultados de uma investigação cuja principal finalidade era compreender o impacto do processo de Reorganização Curricular do Ensino Básico português nas práticas curriculares e dinâmicas de trabalho de professores de Ciências Físicas e Naturais. O primeiro momento do estudo empírico assumiu uma natureza quantitativa, referindo-se os resultados a 1122 questionários preenchidos por professores que lecionavam as disciplinas da área das Ciências Físicas e Naturais. O segundo momento, de índole qualitativa, pretendeu aprofundar os dados quantitativos, através da realização de entrevistas a seis dos professores participantes no primeiro momento. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma apropriação epidérmica dos conceitos centrais ao atual discurso educativo e indiciam que a implementação do processo de Reorganização Curricular não se traduziu em mudanças efetivas de práticas e dinâmicas de trabalho docente. Face a esta realidade, consideramos imprescindível uma ação concertada entre professores, instituições de formação inicial e contínua e a administração central.
Una propuesta de trabajos prácticos de laboratorio que favorece el aprendizaje de conceptos
Authors: Montino Marisol , Petrucci Diego , Ure José Ernesto , Aleman Alejandra , Pérez Silvia Margarita
Published: February 2012

Se presenta el análisis y discusión de la implementación de una modalidad de trabajo práctico de laboratorio (TPL) para el nivel universitario, desarrollada a partir de los resultados de investigaciones propias. El formato pretende que los estudiantes, a partir de tener claros los objetivos del TPL, puedan tomar decisiones que los lleven a realizar la tarea planteada. De este modo se evita que los realicen mecánicamente. La evaluación de las implementaciones muestra que los estudiantes se comprometieron con la tarea haciendo suyo el objetivo del TPL y tomando decisiones durante el desarrollo del mismo. La propuesta parece generar en los estudiantes seguridad, compromiso, actitud lúdica y participación proactiva. Por otra parte, permite establecer conexiones entre la teoría y los fenómenos dado que, en general, los estudiantes recurren inicialmente a sus ideas previas para finalmente conectar la tarea con la teoría, estableciendo relaciones que favorecen el aprendizaje de la disciplina.
Computer-Based Testing in the Medical Curriculum: A Decade of Experiences at One School
Authors: McNulty John , Chandrasekhar Arcot , Hoyt Amy , Gruener Gregory , Espiritu Baltazar , Price Ron
Published: February 2012

This report summarizes more than a decade of experiences with implementing computer-based testing across a 4-year medical curriculum. Practical considerations are given to the fields incorporated within an item database and their use in the creation and analysis of examinations, security issues in the delivery and integrity of examinations, curricular integration, use of examination log files, effectiveness and timeliness of reports, and the potential for educational research. The solutions to many complicated issues have practical relevance and interest to the community of educators who are considering the adoption of this technology for assessment.
Tourism - an academic discipline (discursive article)
Authors: Butowski Leszek
Published: February 2012

The article discusses the main methodological dilemmas connected with tourism as a field of academic research. The first part presents tourism as an area of interest in various academic disciplines. The second is a critical discussion on multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of tourism. The third features an analysis of the methodological standpoints concerning possibilities for the autonomy of tourism as an academic discipline. The summary proposes a model of development for tourism studies aimed at the autonomy of academic tourism.
Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ester
Authors: Pavlovica S. , Gzibovska E. , Zicmanis A. , Mekss P. , Klavins M.
Published: February 2012

Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ester

Hantzsch ester synthesis was investigated using (2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium carboxylates, polar and hydrophilic ionic liquids possessing low toxicity and high biodegradability. The reaction rates and yields of the products in ionic liquids were greater than those in common organic solvents. The relationship between the structure of the ionic liquid used and the structure of the heterocyclic compound was investigated.
Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing One Heteroatom
Authors: Ābele E. , Ābele R. , Golomba Ļ. , Višņevska J. , Beresņeva T. , Rubina K.
Published: February 2012

Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing One Heteroatom

Literature data on the synthesis and structure of azepane, oxepane and thiepane oximes were reviewed. Synthesis of novel heterocycles from oximes of seven-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom were described. Biological activity of oximes of seven-membered heterocycles with one heteroatom was also reviewed.
Endovascular intervention for acute stroke due to infective endocarditis
Authors: Dababneh Haitham , Hedna V. Shushrutha , Ford Jenna , Taimeh Ziad , Peters Keith , Mocco J , Waters Michael F.
Published: February 2012

The overall incidence of neurological complications due to infective endocarditis is as high as 40%, with embolic infarcts more common than hemorrhagic strokes. The standard of care for typical strokes does not apply to infective endocarditis because there is a substantial risk of hemorrhage with thrombolysis. In the last decade there have been multiple case reports of intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis with successful outcomes for acute strokes with related infective endocarditis, but successful endovascular interventions for acute strokes associated with infective endocarditis are rarely reported. To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first case in the literature to use a mechanical retrieval device in successful vegetation retrieval in an infective endocarditis acute stroke. Although an interventional approach for treatment of acute stroke related to infective endocarditis is a promising option, it is controversial and a cautious clinical decision should be made on a case-by-case basis. The authors conclude that this approach can be tested in a case series with matched controls, because this condition is rare and a randomized clinical trial is not a realistic option.
Validation of frontal near-infrared spectroscopy as noninvasive bedside monitoring for regional cerebral blood flow in brain-injured patients
Authors: Taussky Philipp , O'Neal Brandon , Daugherty Wilson P. , Luke Sothear , Thorpe Dallas , Pooley Robert A. , Evans Clay , Hanel Ricardo A. , Freeman William D.
Published: February 2012

Object

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers noninvasive bedside measurement of direct regional cerebral arteriovenous (mixed) brain oxygenation. To validate the accuracy of this monitoring technique, the authors analyzed the statistical correlation of NIRS and CT perfusion with respect to regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases in which NIRS measurements were obtained at a single, academic neurointensive care unit from February 2008 to June 2011 in which CT perfusion was performed at the same time as NIRS data was collected. Regions of interest were obtained 2.5 cm below the NIRS bifrontal scalp probe on CT perfusion with an average volume between 2 and 4 ml, with mean CBF values used for purposes of analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for NIRS and CBF values.

Results

The study included 8 patients (2 men, 6 women), 6 of whom suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 ischemic stroke, and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema. Mean CBF measured by CT perfusion was 61 ml/100 g/min for the left side and 60 ml/100 g/min for the right side, while mean NIRS values were 75 on the right and 74 on the left. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant probability value (p < 0.0001) comparing NIRS frontal oximetry and CT perfusion–obtained CBF values.

Conclusions

The authors demonstrated a linear correlation for frontal NIRS cerebral oxygenation measurements compared with regional CBF on CT perfusion imaging. Thus, frontal NIRS cerebral oxygenation measurement may serve as a useful, noninvasive, bedside intensive care unit monitoring tool to assess brain oxygenation in a direct manner.
Fotemustine: A Third-Generation Nitrosourea for the Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Beauchesne Patrick
Published: February 2012

Malignant gliomas account for approximately 60% of all primary brain tumors in adults. The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma has not changed significantly in recent years. Despite debulking surgery, radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, the median survival time is nine to 12 months, and very few, if any, patients are cured from this illness. Fotemustine is an alkylating agent characterized by the grafting of a phosphonoalanine group onto the nitrosourea radical with consequent high lipophilicity and improved diffusion through the cell membrane and the blood-brain barrier. Fotemustine has been registered for use in two indications: disseminated malignant melanoma, including cerebral metastases, and primary brain tumors. Fotemustine is currently used in Europe, particularly in France and Italy, as a salvage therapy for recurrent malignant gliomas. Myelosuppression, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are the most frequent side effects of treatment with fotemustine. The objective response to this treatment is between 26% and 70%, and the reported median survival time is 10 months. New drug combinations containing fotemustine and angiogenesis inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, are currently under development. In this review, we describe all the combinations of fotemustine currently used in clinical practice for recurrent malignant gliomas.
Monometallic Supported Gold Catalysts in Organic Transformations: Ring Making and Ring Breaking
Authors: Csankó Krisztián , Sipos Pál , Pálinkó István
Published: February 2012

Supported gold catalysts are highly active in oxidation reactions. Beside the most frequently studied CO oxidation, they are readily applied in the epoxidation of more or less complex olefinic compounds using air or oxygen directly or other oxidants like peroxides of various kinds. Less frequently though, the reverse reaction, ring opening with single or double C–O scission is also investigated. These and other ring making and breaking reactions are reviewed, and the catalytic roles of gold species are described.
Use of a Real-Time Remote Monitoring Network (RTRM) to Characterize the Guadalquivir Estuary (Spain)
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Huertas Isabel Emma , Costas Eduardo , Flecha Susana , Díez-Minguito Manuel , Caballero Isabel , López-Rodas Victoria , Prieto Laura , Ruiz Javier
Published: February 2012

The temporal variability of hydrological variables in the Guadalquivir estuary was examined during three years through a real-time remote monitoring network (RTRM). The network was developed with the aim of studying the influence of hydrodynamical and hydrological features within the estuary on the functioning of the pelagic ecosystem. Completing this data-gathering network, monthly cruises were performed in order to measure biogeochemical variables that are indicative of the trophic status of the aquatic environment. The results showed that several sources of physical forcing, such as wind, tide-associated currents and river discharge were responsible for the spatio-temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen, salinity and turbidity in the estuary. The analysis was conducted under tidal and flood regime, which allowed us to identify river discharge as the main forcing agent of the hydrology inside the estuary. In particular, episodes of elevated turbidity detected by the network, together with episodes of low salinity and dissolved oxygen were closely related to the increase in water supply from a dam located upstream. The network installed provided accurate data that can be rapidly used for research or educational applications and by policy-makers or agencies in charge of the management of the coastal area.
An Aluminum Microfluidic Chip Fabrication Using a Convenient Micromilling Process for Fluorescent Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Microparticle Generation
Authors: Lin Yung-Sheng , Yang Chih-Hui , Wang Chih-Yu , Chang Fang-Rong , Huang Keng-Shiang , Hsieh Wan-Chen
Published: February 2012

This study presents the development of a robust aluminum-based microfluidic chip fabricated by conventional mechanical micromachining (computer numerical control-based micro-milling process). It applied the aluminum-based microfluidic chip to form poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles encapsulating CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). A cross-flow design and flow-focusing system were employed to control the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification to ensure the generation of uniformly-sized droplets. The size of the droplets could be tuned by adjusting the flow rates of the water and oil phases. The proposed microfluidic platform is easy to fabricate, set up, organize as well as program, and is valuable for further applications under harsh reaction conditions (high temperature and/or strong organic solvent systems). The proposed method has the advantages of actively controlling the droplet diameter, with a narrow size distribution, good sphericity, as well as being a simple process with a high throughput. In addition to the fluorescent PLGA microparticles in this study, this approach can also be applied to many applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical area.
A concise synthesis of 3-(1-alkenyl)isoindolin-1-ones and 5-(1-alkenyl)pyrrol-2-ones by the intermolecular coupling reactions of N-acyliminium ions with unactivated olefins
Authors: Lu Nianhong , Wang Lihong , Li Zhanshan , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2012

A concise synthesis of 3-(1-alkenyl)isoindolin-1-ones and 5-(1-alkenyl)pyrrol-2-ones has been achieved by the coupling reactions of N-acyliminium ions produced from 3-hydroxyisoindol-1-ones or 5-hydroxy-1-pyrrol-2-ones with unactivated olefins in the presence of BF3·OEt2 at room temperature. For most of the olefins, the reactions afforded the Csp3–Csp2 cross-coupling products, but for the α-methylstyrene and 1-hexene, the Csp3–Csp3 cross-coupling products were obtained.
Prologue: 2010 Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA)
Authors: MEASE PHILIP J. , GLADMAN DAFNA D.
Published: February 2012

The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) was held in December 2010 in Miami Beach, Florida, USA, with attendance by rheumatologists, dermatologists, and representatives of biopharmaceutical companies and patient groups. In a training session that preceded the GRAPPA meeting, members served as faculty while rheumatology fellows and dermatology residents presented their original research. During the 2-day GRAPPA meeting, presentations included a review of composite measures for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis, updates on imaging in psoriatic disease (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging), a 3-part discussion of the definition of inflammatory musculoskeletal disease, a 4-part discussion of the status and path forward in psoriatic disease biomarker research, an update on comorbidities in psoriasis and PsA, and a review of global education and partnering opportunities. Introductions to the discussions at the GRAPPA 2010 meeting are included in this prologue.
Development of Composite Measures for Psoriatic Arthritis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2010 Annual Meeting
Authors: HELLIWELL PHILIP S. , FITZGERALD OLIVER , MEASE PHILIP J.
Published: February 2012

Composite disease outcome measures have been used in rheumatology for some time, but a disease-specific composite measure for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has not yet been validated. Currently, instruments developed for use in rheumatoid arthritis are employed in PsA and include the American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ACR20, 50, and 70) and the Disease Activity Score for 28 and 44 joints (DAS28 and DAS44); however, these instruments do not cover the full spectrum of psoriatic disease. A composite measure is one way of incorporating an assessment of all relevant clinical outcomes into one single measure. By definition, it incorporates several dimensions of disease status, often by combining these different domains into a single score, which in the case of PsA includes joints, skin, entheses, dactylitis, and axial disease. New indices that combine these diverse clinical manifestations of PsA are under development and, in some cases, in the validation phase. The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) established the GRAPPA Composite Exercise (GRACE) project to compare existing and emerging composite measures and to develop a new index. At the GRAPPA 2010 meeting, initial results from this project were presented, and existing and new candidate measures were compared.
Update on Biomarkers in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2010 Annual Meeting: Table 1.
Authors: FITZGERALD OLIVER , CHANDRAN VINOD
Published: February 2012

Biomarkers may be used to screen patients with psoriasis for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to assess disease activity and severity. Candidate biomarkers should fulfil the key features of the OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology) filter, that is, truth, discrimination, and feasibility. A number of biomarkers are currently being investigated in psoriatic disease for important clinical outcomes. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), and the ratio of C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII) to collagen fragment neoepitopes Col2–3/4 (long mono) (C2C) show promise as serum biomarkers that distinguish subjects with PsA from those with psoriasis alone. Serum MMP-3 and melanoma inhibitory activity, synovial fluid IL-1, IL-1 receptor-α, IL-6, IL-8, and chemokine CCL3 and synovial tissue CD3-positive T cells may prove useful as biomarkers of PsA activity. Circulating osteoclast precursors, Dickkopf-1, macrophage colony stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and bone alkaline phosphatase are strong candidates as biomarkers of radiographic change. Prospective studies to identify biomarkers for psoriatic disease are high on the research agenda of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and PsA.
“Voir” comme l'État : la gouvernance contemporaine de l'éducation en Angleterre
Authors: Lawn Martin
Published: February 2012

Résumé La gouvernance de l’éducation en Angleterre s’observe comme ailleurs en Europe à travers les politiques publiques dont le choix de l’école et les nouveaux services aux élèves sont aujourd’hui les symboles. Pourtant, l’émergence de critères de performance et d’assurance-qualité et leurs besoins croissants de données ont entraîné la réorganisation des services éducatifs. Ce changement de gouvernance, effectué sur un rythme élevé, est plus un processus qu’une solution et reste tributaire de l’infrastructure chiffrée qui l’accompagne. Cet article montre que l’État et ses partenaires sont en mesure de “voir” l’éducation comme jamais auparavant en Angleterre à cause de la montée en puissance des données. L’opaque est devenu transparent. La recherche de nouvelles mesures de la performance du système implique que l’État associe sa capacité à éclairer le système éducatif et ses propres objectifs. La transparence et la vision impliquent la modification simultanée de l’objet mesuré. L’éducation est vue et repensée en même temps qu’elle est simplifiée et réorganisée par une série d’initiatives couvrant l’ensemble du système –enseignants, établissements, autorités locales et centrales– avec l’appui d’experts et d’entreprises privées.
Le plagiat étudiant
Authors: Guibert Pascal , Michaut Christophe
Published: February 2012

Résumé Les médias traitent souvent du plagiat chez les écrivains, les musiciens ou les universitaires. Cette pratique concerne aussi les étudiants dont 34,5% auraient déjà recopié tout ou partie d’un texte pour le présenter comme personnel dans le cadre d’un travail individuel à rendre à un enseignant. Cette fréquence rencontre celle de travaux américains estimant entre un quart et un tiers la proportion d’étudiants ayant produit un travail reprenant quelques phrases sur Internet sans en fournir la source (Park 2003) quelle qu’en soit la forme (copier-coller, paraphrase, traduction, etc.). Ces plagiats ne sont pas tous détectables, malgré le développement de logiciels de repérage. Appuyé sur une enquête à laquelle ont répondu 1485 étudiants, l’article examine les caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles associées à certaines formes de plagiat. Les principaux résultats issus des modèles de régression révèlent une corrélation significative entre le plagiat universitaire, le plagiat scolaire et d’autres formes de tricherie (fraude aux examens). Le plagiat est moins fréquent dans les filières littéraires que dans les filières scientifiques et économiques.
Dynamique des réseaux sociaux et résilience socio-économique des micro-entrepreneurs informels en milieu urbain africain
Authors: Berrou Jean-Philippe , Gondard-Delcroix Claire
Published: February 2012

L’article étudie le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la résilience des micro-entreprises informelles en milieu urbain africain. Il repose sur une méthode originale d’analyse de récits de vie mixant approches qualitative et quantitative. L’étude montre l’impact de la composition des réseaux en soulignant l’ambigüité des relations familiales, le rôle de l’hétérogénéité et de la professionnalisation du réseau et l’importance de l’institutionnalisation de l’accès aux ressources.
La soutenabilité sociale du développement durable : de l'omission à l'émergence
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Dubois Jean-Luc , Mahieu François-Régis
Published: February 2012

Le développement durable tend à marginaliser la dimension sociale. Au cours de ces dernières années, la manière de se préoccuper du social a connu un profond renouvellement. Les dynamiques de pauvreté ont commencé à être analysées en interaction avec celles des inégalités. L’analyse écologique s’est efforcée d’intégrer une dimension sociale, considérant les interactions entre pauvreté et inégalités, et même d’incorporer les questions de vulnérabilité et d’exclusion. Les développements actuels pourraient être approfondis en considérant plus systématiquement le rôle des structures de capabilités, tant individuelles que collectives.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Posttraumatic Elbow Release
Authors: Malone Kevin J. , Martineau Paul A. , Hanel Douglas P.
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this retrospective cohort comparison study was to determine the effect of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction on postoperative range of motion (ROM) in patients undergoing posttraumatic elbow contracture release.

Twenty-four consecutive patients underwent elbow arthrolysis. Six patients also underwent simultaneous collateral ligament excision and reconstruction, and 18 did not require ligament excision. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation program. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Final flexion/extension ROMs were similar in both groups. No subjective reports of postoperative elbow instability occurred in either group.

Ligament reconstruction and early postoperative motion can be safely performed in the setting of posttraumatic elbow capsulectomy without sacrificing ROM gain or compromising stability provided by the ligament reconstruction.
Patellar Polyethylene Spinout After Low-contact Stress, High-congruity, Mobile-bearing Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Jamali Amir A.
Published: February 2012

A low-contact stress, high-congruity, mobile-bearing patellofemoral joint arthroplasty decreases the contact force in the patellofemoral joint, theoretically reducing patellar polyethylene wear and increasing implant longevity. This article describes the case of a 47-year-old obese woman who presented with pain and loss of extension after a low-contact stress, high-congruity, mobile-bearing patellofemoral joint arthroplasty. Radiographs revealed dislocation (ie, spinout) of the patellar polyethylene. Patellar polyethylene spinout is a rare complication of metal-backed, mobile-bearing patellar resurfacing. Theoretically, patellar polyethylene spinout in low-contact stress, high-congruity, mobile-bearing patellofemoral arthroplasty is related to implant design and the placement of the metal base plate. Ultimately, the articulation of low-contact stress, high-congruity, mobile-bearing patellofemoral arthroplasty may be too congruent to resist the forces of the patellofemoral joint, particularly in patients who are obese, and the patellar rotation allowed by this articulation may not be sufficient for all patients. Should patellar spinout occur, replacement of the polyethylene is not sufficient to correct the problem; hence, revision of the patellar and trochlear components is required because it remains unclear whether failure is secondary to patellar or trochlear design deficiencies.
PRESENTACIÓN. Economía experimental y del comportamiento. Teoría, herramientas y temas
Authors: Brañas-Garza Pablo , Georgantzís Nikolaos
Published: February 2012

Este trabajo presenta el número especial de Revista Internacional de Sociología dedicado a la Economía Experimental y del Comportamiento. El volumen se compone de una serie de trabajos tanto teóricos como empíricos ubicados en la intersección de la Economía con la Psicología y la Sociología. El proyecto “El papel de la comparación social en las decisiones económicas bajo incertidumbre” (Junta de Andalucía, P07- SEJ-03155)” nos proporcionó inspiración y financiación para publicar este volumen.
Making the Move: From Bedside to Camera-Side
Authors: Goran Susan F.
Published: February 2012

The tele–intensive care unit (tele-ICU) uses sophisticated telemedicine technology and a remote team of critical care experts, including nurses, to provide continuous monitoring, assessment, and interventional services to a large number of patients across multiple ICUs. This new practice environment offers experienced critical care nurses an opportunity for career and knowledge expansion while reducing some of the physical and emotional risks encountered at the bedside. The role of the tele-ICU is still evolving but focuses on 4 areas of responsibility: performing virtual rounds, managing patient alerts, providing ICU support, and coaching or providing teaching moments. The transition from the bedside into the tele-ICU role can be complex as tele-ICU nurses encounter ICU acceptance barriers and a lack of or a change in professional identity. A formal orientation program focused on competency is necessary for the successful transition from bedside nurse to tele-ICU nurse.
Daily Interruptions of Sedation: A Clinical Approach to Improve Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Berry Elizabeth , Zecca Heather
Published: February 2012

The continuous infusion of sedative agents is often necessary for critically ill patients. However, it has been associated with several disadvantages. Numerous interventions to reduce these risks have been evaluated, including the practice of interrupting sedative infusions on a daily basis. A literature search was conducted, and 7 studies were reviewed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of daily interruption of sedative infusions and its outcomes. The implementation of daily sedation interruptions was suggested to minimize multiple complications associated with continuous sedative infusions and was not associated with intensive care–related complications or long-term psychological effects. Additional studies have revealed perceived barriers to the implementation of daily sedation interruptions. Further randomized controlled trials enrolling larger, more diverse samples are needed to provide more evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of this intervention.
Substitutes Or Complements: Formal And Infomrl Credit Demand By Maize Farmers In Ashanti And Brong Ahafo Regions Of Ghana
Authors: Awunyo-Vitor Dadson , Abankwah Vincent
Published: February 2012

This study examines credit demand by maize farmers and analysed factors influencing their use of informal and formal credit. The analysis is based on data collected from a survey of 590 maize farmers in seven districts of Ashanti and Brong Ahafo Regions of Ghana during May-July 2010. Descriptive statistics, probit and bivariate probit models were used to analyse the data. The study revealed informal credit sources for maize farmers as relatives and friends, traders and private money lenders. Maize traders are major players in the informal credit market followed by agricultural input sellers. Among the formal sources rural banks are the most prominent. Regional location, Gender, engagement in other economic activities and the level of agricultural commercialisation were observed to be factors that influence farmers’ demand for informal credit. In addition to these factors, farmer years of education and proximity to financial institution influence demand for formal credit. The result of the bivariate probit suggests that formal and informal credits are not necessarily perfect substitutes but they complement each other to provide credit needs of farmers in maize production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v7i1.4062 JAS 2012 7(1): 1-13
Influence Of The Calcium On Microbial Stability And Texture Of Osmotic Dehydrated Pineapple Slices.
Authors: Karunarathna EJCN , Rathnayaka RMUSK
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of calcium on microbial stability and texture of osmotic dehydrated pineapple slices in the preparation of minimally processed pineapple slices by osmotic dehydration in atmospheric conditions. Pineapple slices of 10 mm thickness were treated with osmotic agents consisting of glucose solutions of 50° brix incorporated with 0, 1, and 2 % calcium lactate, until they reached 30° and 40° brix at room temperature. The effect of osmotic dehydration on mechanical properties and microbial stability of pineapple slices were analyzed throughout storage at 10 °C for 28 days. Moisture content was determined using the standard method. Mechanical properties were analyzed using a penetrometer, and microbial analysis was done according to the standard microbial tests. Compared to fresh cuts and control samples, samples treated with osmotic agents containing 2 % calcium lactate showed a significantly lower growth of mesophilic bacteria , yeast and moulds. Furthermore, the samples treated with calcium lactate had a better firmness compared to those without treatment. Out of all sample tested, 30° brix sample with 2% calcium lactate and 40° brix sample with 1% calcium lactate were identified as the better samples with good firmness and low microbial growth. Treatment of pineapple using dehydration solutions with calcium lactate has been found useful in producing osmotic dehydrated pineapple slices characterized with good firmness, high microbial stability and high keeping quality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v7i1.4065 JAS 2012 7(1): 33-42
Comparative evaluation of the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system on breast carcinoma aspirates and histopathology
Authors: Bansal Cherry , Singh U. S. , Misra Sanjeev , Sharma Kiran Lata , Tiwari Vandana , Srivastava A. N.
Published: February 2012

Background:

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick, minimally invasive procedure for evaluation of breast tumors. The Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade on histological sections is a well-established tool to guide selection of adjuvant systemic therapy. Grade evaluation is possible on cytology smears to avoid and minimize the morbidity associated with overtreatment of lower grade tumors.

Aim:

The aim was to test the hypothesis whether breast FNA from the peripheral portion of the lesion is representative of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade on histopathology as compared to FNA from the central portion.

Materials and Methods:

Fine-needle aspirates and subsequent tissue specimens from 45 women with ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) were studied. FNAs were performed under ultrasound guidance from the central as well as the peripheral third of the lesion for each case avoiding areas of necrosis/calcification. The SBR grading was compared on alcohol fixed aspirates and tissue sections for each case.

Results:

Comparative analysis of SBR grade on aspirates from the peripheral portion and histopathology by the Pearson chi-square test (χ2=78.00) showed that it was statistically significant (P<0.001) with 93% concordance. Lower mitotic score on aspirates from the peripheral portion was observed in only 4 out of 45 (9%) cases. The results of the Pearson chi-square test (χ2= 75.824) with statistically significant (P=0.000).

Conclusion:

This prospective study shows that FNA smears from the peripheral portion of the lesion are representative of the grading performed on the corresponding histopathological sections. It is possible to score and grade by SBR system on FNA smears.
Structural and Functional Insights on the Myosin Superfamily
Authors: Syamaladevi Divya P. , Spudich James A. , Sowdhamini R.
Published: February 2012

The myosin superfamily is a versatile group of molecular motors involved in the transport of specific biomolecules, vesicles and organelles in eukaryotic cells. The processivity of myosins along an actin filament and transport of intracellular ‘cargo’ are achieved by generating physical force from chemical energy of ATP followed by appropriate conformational changes. The typical myosin has a head domain, which harbors an ATP binding site, an actin binding site, and a light-chain bound ‘lever arm’, followed often by a coiled coil domain and a cargo binding domain. Evolution of myosins started at the point of evolution of eukaryotes, S. cerevisiae being the simplest one known to contain these molecular motors. The coiled coil domain of the myosin classes II, V and VI in whole genomes of several model organisms display differences in the length and the strength of interactions at the coiled coil interface. Myosin II sequences have long-length coiled coil regions that are predicted to have a highly stable dimeric interface. These are interrupted, however, by regions that are predicted to be unstable, indicating possibilities of alternate conformations, associations to make thick filaments, and interactions with other molecules. Myosin V sequences retain intermittent regions of strong and weak interactions, whereas myosin VI sequences are relatively devoid of strong coiled coil motifs. Structural deviations at coiled coil regions could be important for carrying out normal biological function of these proteins.
Bootcamp during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Rao Roshni , Cruz Veronica , Peng Yan , Harker-Murray Amy , Haley Barbara B. , Zhao Hong , Xie Xian-Jin , Euhus David
Published: February 2012

Introduction

Exercise may improve cancer outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) for breast cancer provides a unique setting to evaluate intervention effects. Treatments leading to decreased post-neoadjuvant Ki-67 levels, smaller tumor size, and higher pathologic response are associated with improved survival and lower recurrence. This randomized, prospective pilot trial evaluates the feasibility of supervised exercise during NC for breast cancer.

Methods

Stage II-III, ER positive, cancer patients with BMI > 25 receiving NC were randomized to standard NC with supervised bootcamp (NC + BC) or NC alone. Ki-67, C-peptide, BMI, and tumor size were measured before chemotherapy and at time of surgery.

Results

There were no initial differences between groups in regards to tumor size, C-peptide, BMI, and Ki-67. The NC + BC (n = 5) group had a lower mean BMI at the conclusion of NC compared with those (n = 5) in the NC group (28.0 versus 35.8, P = 0.03). Final tumor size was 2.59 cm in the NC + BC group versus 3.16 cm for NC ( P = 0.76) Mean Ki-67 for NC + BC was 7% versus 29% with NC ( P = 0.14). C-peptide (ng/mL) was equivalent between the two groups (4.55 NC + BC versus 4.74 NC, P = 0.85).

Conclusions

Adding a supervised exercise program to NC is feasible, decreases BMI, and may lead to lower Ki-67 levels and improved survival.
Effects of cosmic ray decreases on cloud microphysics
Authors: Svensmark J. , Enghoff M. B. , Svensmark H.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Using cloud data from MODIS we investigate the response of cloud microphysics to sudden decreases in galactic cosmic radiation – Forbush decreases – and find responses in effective emissivity, cloud fraction, liquid water content, and optical thickness above the 2–3 sigma level 6–9 days after the minimum in atmospheric ionization and less significant responses for effective radius and cloud condensation nuclei (<2 sigma). The magnitude of the signals agree with derived values, based on simple equations for atmospheric parameters. Furthermore principal components analysis gives a total significance of the signal of 3.1 sigma. We also see a correlation between total solar irradiance and strong Forbush decreases but a clear mechanism connecting this to cloud properties is lacking. There is no signal in the UV radiation. The responses of the parameters correlate linearly with the reduction in the cosmic ray ionization. These results support the suggestion that ions play a significant role in the life-cycle of clouds.
A new algorithm for brown and black carbon identification and organic carbon detection in fine atmospheric aerosols by a multi-wavelength Aethalometer
Authors: Esposito F. , Calvello M. R. , Gueguen E. , Pavese G.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. A novel approach for the analysis of aerosol absorption coefficient measurements is presented. A 7-wavelenghts aethalometer has been employed to identify brown carbon (BrC) and black carbon (BC) and to detect organic carbon (OC) in fine atmospheric aerosols (PM2.5). The Magee Aethalometer estimates the BC content in atmospheric particulate by measuring the light attenuation in the aerosols accumulated on a quartz filter, at the standard wavelength λ = 0.88 μm. The known Magee algorithm is based on the hypothesis of a mass absorption coefficient inversely proportional to the wavelength. The new algorithm has been developed and applied to the whole spectral range; it verifies the spectral absorption behavior and, thus, it distinguishes between black and brown carbon. Moreover, it allows also to correct the absorption estimation at the UV wavelength commonly used to qualitatively detect the presence of mixed hydrocarbons. The algorithm has been applied to data collected in Agri Valley, located in Southern Italy, where torched crude oil undergoes a pre-treatment process. The Magee Aethalometer has been set to measure Aerosol absorption coefficients τaer (λ, t) every 5 min. Wavelength dependence of τaer (λ, t) has been analyzed by a best-fit technique and, excluding UV-wavelengths, both the absorption Angstrom coefficient α and the BC (or BrC) concentration have been determined. Finally, daily histograms of α provide information on optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol, while the extrapolation at UV-wavelengths gives information on the presence of semivolatile organic carbon (OC) particles.
Use of geomorphic, hydrologic, and nitrogen mass balance data to model ecosystem nitrate retention in tidal freshwater wetlands
Authors: Seldomridge E. D. , Prestegaard K. L.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Geomorphic characteristics have been used as scaling parameters to predict water and other fluxes in many systems. In this study, we combined geomorphic analysis with in-situ mass balance studies of nitrate retention (NR) to evaluate which geomorphic scaling parameters best predicted NR in a tidal freshwater wetland ecosystem. Geomorphic characteristics were measured for 267 individual marshes that constitute the freshwater tidal wetland ecosystem of the Patuxent River, Maryland. Nitrate retention was determined from mass balance measurements conducted at the inlets of marshes of varying size (671, 5705, and 536 873 m2) over a period of several years. Mass balance measurements indicate that NR is proportional to total water flux over the tidal cycle. Relationships between estimated tidal prism (total water volume) for spring tides and various geomorphic parameters (marsh area, total channel length, and inlet width) were defined and compared to field data. From these data, NR equations were determined for each geomorphic parameter, and used to estimate NR for all marshes in the ecosystem for a reference spring (high) tide. The resulting ecosystem NR estimates were evaluated for: (a) accuracy and completeness of geomorphic data, (b) relationship between the geomorphic parameters and hydrologic flux, and (c) the ability to adapt the geomorphic parameter to varying tidal conditions. This analysis indicated that inlet width data were the most complete and provided the best estimate of ecosystem nitrate retention. Predictions based on marsh area were significantly lower than the inlet width-based predictions. Cumulative probability distributions of nitrate retention indicate that the largest 3–4 % of the marshes retained half of the total nitrate for the ecosystem.
Simulation of saturated and unsaturated flow in karst systems at catchment scale using a double continuum approach
Authors: Kordilla J. , Sauter M. , Reimann T. , Geyer T.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The objective of this work is the simulation of saturated and unsaturated flow in a karstified aquifer using a double continuum approach. The HydroGeoSphere code (Therrien et al., 2006) is employed to simulate spring discharge with the Richards equations and van Genuchten parameters to represent flow in the (1) fractured matrix and (2) conduit continuum coupled by a linear exchange term. Rapid vertical small-scale flow processes in the unsaturated conduit continuum are accounted for by applying recharge boundary conditions at the bottom of the saturated model domain. An extensive sensitivity analysis is performed on single parameters as well as parameter combinations. The transient hydraulic response of the karst spring is strongly controlled by the matrix porosity as well as the van Genuchten parameters of the unsaturated matrix, which determine the head dependent inter-continuum water transfer when the conduits are draining the matrix. Sensitivities of parameter combinations partially reveal a non-linear dependence over the parameter space. This can be observed for parameters not belonging to the same continuum as well as combinations, which involve the exchange parameter, showing that results of the double continuum model may depict a certain degree of ambiguity.
Vessel Health and Preservation (Part 1): A New Evidence-Based Approach to Vascular Access Selection and Management
Authors: Moureau Nancy L. , Trick Nancy , Nifong Thomas , Perry Cathy , Kelley Cheryl , Carrico Ruth , Leavitt Michael , Gordon Steven M. , Wallace Jessica , Harvill Monte , Biggar Connie , Doll Michael , Papke Loreli , Benton Lori , Phelan Deborah A.
Published: February 2012

Vascular access for the infusion of medications and solutions requires timely assessment, planning, insertion, and assessment. Traditional vascular access is reactive, painful, and ineffective, often resulting in the exhaustion of peripheral veins prior to consideration of other access options. Evidence suggests clinical pathways improve outcomes by reducing variations and establishing processes to assess and coordinate care, minimizing fragmentation and cost. Implementation of a vascular access clinical pathway leads to the intentional selection of the best vascular access device for the patient specific to the individual diagnosis, treatment plan, current medical condition, and the patient's vessel health (1). The Vessel Health and Preservation (VHP) programme incorporates evidence-based practices focused on timely, intentional proactive device selection implemented within 24 hours of admission into any acute facility. VHP is an all-inclusive clinical pathway, guiding clinicians from device selection through patient discharge, including daily assessment. Initiation of the VHP programme within a facility provides a systematic pathway to improve vascular access selection and patient care, allowing for the reduction of variations and roadblocks in care while increasing positive patient outcomes and satisfaction. Patient safety and preservation of vessel health is the ultimate goal.