bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tata Laksana Terkini Talasemia ?: Terapi Target
Authors: Susanah Susi
Published: January 2023

Talasemia ? adalah bentuk hemoglobinopati yang merupakan penyakit monogenik diturunkan terbanyak di dunia ditandai defek yang menyebabkan produksi globin ? berkurang atau tidak ada.  Ketidakseimbangan rantai globin ?/? menyebabkan rangkaian proses eritropoesis inefektif dan peningkatan absorpsi besi yang pada akhirnya mengakibatkan anemia hemolitik kronis dan kelebihan besi.  Secara konvensional tata laksana utama talasemia ? berat adalah transfusi darah dan obat kelasi besi yang masih memiliki banyak keterbatasan dan tantangan meskipun telah berdampak pada peningkatan kesintasan dan kualitas hidup penyandang talasemia ? mayor. Pemahaman mendalam terhadap molekular dan patofisiologi talasemia-? membuka jalan bagi strategi pendekatan terapi baru yang diklasifikasikan atas 3 kategori, yaitu koreksi ketidakseimbangan rantai globin melalui pengembangan transplantasi sumsum tulang dan terapi gen; mengintervensi eritropoesis inefektif sehingga transfusi darah dan kelasi besi berkurang; dan modulasi disregulasi besi untuk mengendalikan kadar besi. Dengan demikian, strategi pendekatan terapi baru menjanjikan penurunan kebutuhan transfusi darah dan kelasi besi yang lebih menyamankan pasien dan diharapkan juga menurunkan biaya tata laksana.
Robust Trajectory Tracking Control of Space Manipulators in Extended Task Space
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Marek , Węgrzyn Marek , Basmadji Fatina , Galicki Mirosław
Published: January 2023

This study provides a new class of controllers for freeflying space manipulators subject to unknown undesirable disturbing forces exerted on the end-effector. Based on suitably defined taskspace non-singular terminal sliding manifold and the Lyapunov stability theory, we derive a class of estimated extended transposed Jacobian controllers which seem to be effective in counteracting the unstructured disturbing forces. The numerical computations which are carried out for a space manipulator consisting of a spacecraft propelled by eight thrusters and holonomic manipulator of three revolute kinematic pairs, illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
Self-Localization of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Taking Into Account the Variable Orientation of the Camera
Authors: Zielińska Teresa , Pogorzelski Tomasz
Published: January 2023

This publication proposes a visual localization method using images from a simulated camera and a georeferenced map. The UAV model and flight simulation were made in the MATLAB Simulink package, which sent UAV orientation data to the described program. The visualization of the camera image was performed in real time using the FlightGear software, the image of which was also captured by the NW program. This method is performed by two processes in two modules: Global Positioning Component and Motion Positioning Component. The first one compares the image from the simulated camera with the orthophotomap. The second determines the position based on the assessment of the displacement of characteristic points in the image in relation to the last known location. The result of the operation of both modules is illustrated in the graphic window of the NW application, which allows for a visual comparison of the obtained results. With the global method of location, additional camera orientation correction is required to determine the position in 2D space. For this purpose, data on the current camera orientation expressed in quaternions were used. This allowed for the introduction of a position correction, which significantly improved the accuracy of the result obtained in the GPC module despite significant UAV tilts during the simulated flight.
Intentio operis, translator et lector empiricus
Authors: Gaudencio Pedro Henrique de Paiva , Branco Sinara de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar os conceitos de leitor-modelo e intentio operis propostos por Umberto Eco (2004, 2005, 2016) ao processo tradutório, relacionando-os à noção de tradução enquanto reescrita através do conceito de transcriação (CAMPOS, 2011). Mediante uma abordagem teórico-crítica que visa a consideração de tais teorias a partir da ótica da prática tradutória, debatemos de que maneira aspectos socioculturais influenciam tanto o processo interpretativo quanto o processo de (re)autoria necessários à recriação da intentio operis de um texto em um novo sistema semiótico. Por fim, destacamos a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos voltados para tradutores e leitores empíricos como forma de obtenção de dados que possibilitem o estabelecimento e o refinamento de normas tradutórias (CHESTERMAN, 1993, 2016; TOURY, 2012), almejando melhor compreender as forças externas que moldam a tradução enquanto processo e produto. Demonstramos, desse modo, a relevância de estudos empíricos voltados para os processos de interpretação e autoria no âmbito dos Estudos da Tradução.
Reflections of Urban Poverty on Education from the Perspectives of School Administrators
Authors: Hosgorur Tugba , Kizir Mine , Sezer Sergender , Korkut Perihan , Kahya Orhan , Karaca Evren Mirace , Yildirim Kasim , Yesil Eda , Hosgorur Vural
Published: January 2023

This study aims to reveal the opinions of school administrators working in disadvantaged schools in Mugla city center (Mentese) about the reflections of urban poverty on education. The study was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research models. The study group included 15 school administrators from three secondary schools and four primary schools in Mentese's disadvantaged neighborhoods. The data were obtained through face-to-face interviews with school administrators using the interview form developed by the researchers. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis. The results obtained from the research show that urban poor students may have risky behavioral patterns, they generally experience failures in academic terms, their parents cannot provide sufficient support for their education processes, the schools they attend have to cope with a lack of opportunities, and that this lack can create an obstacle to the support that can be provided to the urban poor children.
A Case Study of Research Skills of Primary School Students
Authors: Aktepe Vedat , Ulu Gokce
Published: January 2023

This study intended to examine and evaluate the opinions of classroom teachers about students’ research skills at primary school. By using the case study method, one of the qualitative research designs, the research was conducted with a group of 20 classroom teachers who were determined through purposeful sampling. A semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool, and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the results of the study, classroom teachers defined the concept of research skills as a way to learn information, the effort to discover topics that awaken curiosity, and the process to recognize and solve a problem, as well as acting willingly, participating, questioning, and showing improvement. The teachers reported that the research skills of the primary school students were insufficient at the course levels and partially sufficient at the grade levels. Although the classroom teachers primarily used visual, technology-supported tools and inquiry-based strategies in research skills training, they believed that students' research skills were not fully developed. To develop research skills, the student should take part actively in the process. At the same time, the teacher should be a role model, bring interesting and entertaining activities to the classroom, and employ appropriate teaching methods and materials that will support research skills. As a result of the research, the teachers made the recommendations of increasing the technological facilities and resources of the school, encouraging students to conduct research according to their interests and abilities, supporting student autonomy, encouraging effective social participation, ensuring that the family environment and the teacher attitude is supportive to the child, conducting research on current issues, providing sufficient time for research, and assessing the behavioral aspects of research skills besides theoretical information at the end of the year.
A Qualitative Study of the Elements of Symbolic Violence in Official Education Documents
Authors: Atli Cem Serkan , Cimrin Fusun Kokalan
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this study is to highlight the elements of symbolic violence and cultural capital in the regulations, strategies and development plans regarding the educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. In the study, the forms of inequality created by the symbolic violence elements in the regulations, strategic plans and development plans are discussed in terms of students, based on the symbolic violence and cultural capital approaches developed by Bourdieu. In the research, case study design was used in compliance with the qualitative methodology. The data were analyzed by using the MAXQDA software in the context of content analysis. The research has shown that the principal, vice principals, and teachers are the representatives of the pedagogical authority and carry out their responsibilities in accordance with the pedagogical action. In addition, it has been found that the articles in the regulation divide students into two categories as acceptable and unacceptable students. It has been concluded that the condition of being an acceptable student depends on the elements of cultural capital acquired from the family, as well as having behavioral patterns related to universal and national values. At the conclusion of the study, it is recommended that the regulations should be reviewed by taking social class differences into consideration.
Characterization of Soil Rhizospheric Fungi on Citrus Plantation and Their Potential to Inhibiting the Growth of Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Triasih Unun , Wuryantini Susi , Agustina Dina
Published: January 2023

Tanah rizosfer di sekitar akar tanaman jeruk mempunyai mikroorganisme salah satunya ialah cendawan. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi cendawan rizosfer kebun jeruk siam pontianak organik serta potensinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen Botryodiplodia theobromae dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Karakterisasi cendawan dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi pertumbuhannya pada suhu, kelembapan, dan tingkat pH yang berbeda, selanjutnya dilakukan uji antagonis terhadap C. gloeosporioides dan B. theobromae. Cendawan yang diperoleh dari rizosfer pertanian organik jeruk siam pontianak ialah Fusarium sp., Fusidium sp., Penicillium sp., dan Trichoderma sp. Seluruh cendawan rizosfer tumbuh optimal pada pH 4.5–5.5, suhu 20–30 ℃, dan kelembapan 60–80%. Cendawan Penicillium sp. mempunyai kemampuan tertinggi menghambat per-tumbuhan C. gloeosporioides (83.66%), sedangkan Trichoderma sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan patogen B. theobromae optimal (92.04%). Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan sebelum pengaplikasian isolat cendawan yang diperoleh sebagai agens biokontrol C. gloeosporioides and B. theobromae.
The Severity of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Correlation to the Abundance of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytonematodes: Case Study at Banana Plantation PTPN VIII Parakansalak
Authors: Tanjung Mei Rani , Munif Abdul , Effendi Yunus , Tondok Efi Toding
Published: January 2023

The Severity of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Correlation to the Abundance of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytonematodes: Case Study at Banana Plantation PTPN VIII Parakansalak

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil-borne pathogen that infects banana plants and causes wilt. Several studies demonstrated that phytomatodes have a role in helping infection of the pathogens that cause wilt. This study aims to determine the relationship between phytonematodes and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense from soil and banana roots infected with fusarium wilt. Soil samples was obtained from infected banana plants and collected based on different scores of fusarium wilt disease severity. Samples were then composited based on the score, and the abundance of each pathogen is measured following samples extraction in the laboratory. The highest population of phytonematodes was 77 g-1 obtained from soil with a disease severity score of 4; and the lowest was 16 g-1 from samples with a score of 2.  As for root samples, the highest population of phytonematodes (85 g-1) was obtained from plants with a score 0 and the lowest (33 g-1) was from plants with a score 3. Two species of phytonematodes were identified, i.e. Helicotylenchus sp. and Radopolus sp. Based on measurement using conventional methods showed that the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was highest in plants with a score of 1, i.e. 8.1 × 103 cfu g-1 soil and lowest in plants with a score of 0 i.e. 1.0 × 103 cfu g-1 soil.  The effect of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense to the severity of fusarium wilt shows a positive relationship of 8.3% and it may contribute to cause fusarium wilt disease by 0.6%. This pathogen can cause wilting of bananas without the help of the phytonematode species found in this study.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 5, September 2022
Authors: Editors
Published: January 2023

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 5, September 2022
ANALISIS SURVIVAL PADA DATA KEJADIAN BERULANG MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN COUNTING PROCESS
Authors: Tsaniya Ulya , Wuryandari Triastuti , Ispriyanti Dwi
Published: January 2023

Asthma is a disorder that attacks the respiratory tract and causes bronchial hyperactivity to various stimuli characterized by recurrent episodic symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and heaviness in the chest. Asthma sufferers will experience exacerbations, namely episodes of asthma recurrence which gradually worsens progressively accompanied by the same symptoms. The length of time a person experiences an exacerbation can be influenced by various factors. To analyze this, the Cox regression model can be used which is within the scope of survival analysis where time is the dependent variable. In the survival analysis, asthma exacerbations were identical/recurrent events where the individual experienced the event more than once during the study. If the survival data contains identical/recurrent events, the analysis uses a counting process approach. Counting Process is an approach used to deal with survival data with identical recurrent events, meaning that recurrences are caused by the same thing, which in this case is the narrowing of the bronchioles in asthmatics. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause asthma exacerbations by using a counting process approach as a data treatment for recurrent events at Diponegoro National Hospital. Based on the results of the analysis, the factors that influence the length of time a patient experiences an exacerbation are the age, gender, and type of cases
PERBANDINGAN METODE HOLT WINTER’S EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING DAN EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE UNTUK PERAMALAN JUMLAH BARANG YANG DIMUAT PADA PENERBANGAN DOMESTIK DI BANDARA UTAMA SOEKARNO HATTA
Authors: Marpaung Kevin Togos Parningotan , Rusgiyono Agus , Wilandari Yuciana
Published: January 2023

The loading of goods carried out at the airport is an essential part of the transporting goods system. In this regard, it is necessary to have a prediction to make the right policy or to solve the problems that occur. Holt Winter's Exponential Smoothing, which one of the classic methods of analyzing time series data, and Extreme Learning Machine which is part of the artificial neural network method, are methods that can be used as a tool for forecasting problems. Holt Winter's Exponential Smoothing uses three times of smoothing on related data, which are level smoothing, trend smoothing, and season smoothing, while Extreme Learning Machine goes through three stages, which are normalization, training, and denormalization. In measuring the error rate in related forecasting, the symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (sMAPE) value is used. The Holt Winter's Exponential Smoothing method Additive model produces a sMAPE value of 26.14%; while the Multiplicative model with the same method resulted in the sMAPE value of 25.69%. For the Extreme Learning Machine method, the sMAPE value is 49.85%. Based on the accuracy test using the sMAPE value, Holt Winter's Exponential Smoothing method Multiplicative model is the better method than Extreme Learning Machine
Impact of Fintech on Student Lifestyle In Pekalongan City, Indonesia
Authors: Mahmudah Dina Amalia , Milzam Muhammad
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to know the effect of fintech to students' lifestyle in Pekalongan City. The subjects of this study were 100 university students who were 18-22 years old. The data were collected using interview and questionnaire. The data analysis of this research using descriptive statistical analysis. The result of this research showed that the decision to take a lending online or not is influenced by several reasons. There were 47% of students use PTP Lending to fulfill their desires not their needs. Electronics are the items most bought from the loan money.
The Effect of Surfactant, Time and Speed of Stirring in the Emulsification Process of Soybean Oil in Water
Authors: Hariyatno Shelvin Putri , Paramita Vita , Amalia Rizka
Published: January 2023

Homogenization is the process of uniform particle size in an effort to maintain the stability of a mixture which is formed from 2 incompatible phases or so-called emulsion.Emulsion is a complex system consisting of a liquid phase which is spread over another immiscible liquid phase which is usually through mechanical shear. All emulsions are thermodynamically unstable due to contact between oil and water molecules. However, emulsions can be stabilized rapidly in the presence of emulsifying or thickening agents such as Tween 20 and Tween 80. Apart from the addition of emulsion stabilizing surfactants, the speed of stirring also has an effect in stabilizing the emulsion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of stirring speed and addition of surfactants Tween 20 and Tween 80 on the stability of soybean oil emulsion. The results of density, viscosity, stability, and microscopic tests showed that the emulsion was treated with the addition of tween 80 with a stirring speed of 30.
Implementation of Ambon Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca) as Foaming Agent of Banana Fruitghurt using Foam Mat Drying Method
Authors: Putry Cindyana , Paramita Vita , Hartati Indah
Published: January 2023

Fruitghurt is a product of lactic acid fermentation, namely L. bulgaricus and S. Thermopillus in an acidic state enriched by nutrients from fruit such as Ambon banana but has a short shelf life. Bananas have a role as an additional nutrient in the form of glucose which then becomes a nutrient for lactic acid bacteria. Foam mat drying itself is a drying method that is better than other types of drying because it does not require large production costs and protects the structure of the material through the formation of foam. Application of foam mat drying on fruitghurt using Ambon banana peel extract as a foaming agent is expected to increase the shelf life of fruitghurt as well as an alternative foaming agent derived from vegetable protein Ambon banana peel contains a protein content of about 0.64% when bananas experience a good level of maturity. In the manufacture of fruitghurt powder, the research method used is Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with variables changing the concentration of banana peel extract as a foaming agent, the concentration of maltodextrin as a binder and mixing time. The resulting fruitghurt powder will be analyzed for water content, total acid analysis and pH analysis. The research data were processed using minitab 19 software. The best fruitghurt powder results were found in the 9th variable, namely the minimase variable, where the optimum conditions were banana peel extract concentration of 2.38 ml, maltodextrin concentration of 30 grams and stirring time of 20 minutes. Fruitghurt variable 9 has a pH of 5 after drying which is in accordance with SNI 01-2981-2009, water content is 0.64% and total acid is 1.08%
Editor's note
Authors: Łuczak Dorota
Published: January 2023

EDITOR'S NOTE
Inanimate Nature. Pondering the Reproductive Daguerretype
Authors: Batchen Geoffrey
Published: January 2023

Little has been published about reproductive daguerreotypes, a genre of photographic still life in which another picture – a drawing, an engraving, a lithograph, a painting, a printed text – is the sole referent. However, as this essay demonstrates, a study of reproductive daguerreotypes is a study of daguerreotypy itself – of its capacities and limitations as a medium, of its major figures and its diversity of commercial applications, of its many possible meanings, functions and related viewing practices. But it is also an opportunity to reflect on the place of such daguerreotypes in the larger story concerning the photographic reproduction of artworks. Reproductive daguerreotypes are distinctive in that they copy an artwork exactly but unfaithfully: they often laterally reverse the image even while rendering it small, monochrome, precious, shiny, evanescent, mobile. Most striking is the way such daguerreotypes partake of the logic of reproducibility without necessarily participating in the processes of mass production normally associated with it: as unique copies, they offer replication without multiplicity. In so doing, they complicate the orthodox account of this process promulgated by Walter Benjamin in the 1930s and repeated so many times since.
Feminism in the Time of Transformation. Piotr Piotrowski, Zofia Kulik and the Development of Feminist Art History in Poland
Authors: Jakubowska Agata
Published: January 2023

This article is an analysis of one area of Piotr Piotrowski’s (1952–2015) activity in the 1990s – his writings on the art of Zofia Kulik and, more specifically, on its feminist dimension. I argue that although Piotrowski was never interested in women’s art in particular, not only did he practise feminist criticism during this period, but he was also a catalyst for the development of a specific form of feminist reflection that was then new in Polish art history. It focused on power relations and did not accept distancing oneself from social and political problems. I analyse it from the perspective of contemporary revisions of the development of feminist discourse after 1989 in Eastern Europe, which critically examines its embeddedness in Western ideas.
Double Index. The Self-Shadow in American Photography of the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Stachura Julia
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on the notion of the image of self-shadow in American photography in the second half of the twentieth century, understood as a shadow silhouette of the creator captured in a photograph. The two main problems that concern the author’s research are the lack of current, theoretical study on the problem of shadow in the history of photography from the perspective of art history (V. Stoichita, R. Casati, P. Cavanagh, H. Kanaan) and the lack of the definition of the phenomenon of self-shadow and its possible types in self-portraiture. The author’s proposition of a definition of self-shadow is based on selected photographs by four artists whose works touch upon the problem of shadow in the context of relations between the “self” and the “other” (Lee Friedlander), race and subjective invisibility (Shawn W. Walker), mask and the other-self (Andy Warhol), and the intimate recording of identity (Nan Goldin). In her analyses, the author discusses the problem of the hybrid ontology of the shadow, which is both visible and visual. In this understanding, the shadow not only refers to a physical body, present “here and now” but more importantly evokes a sense of presence, even when the artist’s body is absent in the picture. The double index refers to the image leaving its mark both in reality and on light-sensitive paper. The rudimentary, vitalistic relation linking the human body with its shadow is only a starting point for analyses of the complexity of its status and symbolism. The concepts framing Andy Warhol’s Polaroid are twinning, the mask, and the Jungian theory of the shadow archetype. To discuss the self-portrait of Shawn W. Walker, the author applies the literary-philosophical concept of invisibility based on writings from Black existentialists (W.E.B. Du Bois, F. Fanon, R. Ellison). The analyses of Lee Friedlander’s photograph have been based on the psychological distinction between the figures of the “self” and the “other”. The closing concepts that frame Nan Goldin’s self-portrait are the haptic thinking subject (M. Smolińska) and the notion of a diary. The critical apparatus of the study is supplemented by contemporary analyses of the myth of Narcissus, the mythical origins of the self-portrait, and the notion of the index (after R. Krauss, M. Michałowska, M.A. Doane).
Transfiguration: Southworth and Hawes, Reproduced Images and Body
Authors: Handy Ellen
Published: January 2023

The Harrison Horblit Collection at the Harvard University’s Houghton Library contains a remarkable daguerreotype plate by the Boston firm Southworth & Hawes. It reproduces an engraving after Raphael’s Transfiguration. Whereas reproductive printmaking normally seeks to produce multiples of a unique original, daguerreotype reproductions open a space of ambiguity between the categories of original and reproduction since daguerreotypes are unique objects. Much is lost in this translation, but what is gained? If reproduction of paintings normally renders the singular multiple, what happens when a painting is reproduced as a unique image? Why was this daguerreotype created? Southworth & Hawes specialized in portraits of celebrities and considered themselves artists. Why then did they make a daguerreotype of an engraving of a painting? And why this painting?Their image of an image of an image is at once simply duplicative and a meditation on photography itself – an expanded conception of photography that figures it as spiritual and conceptual practice, as is suggested in other conflations of image reproduction and transfiguration within Southworth & Hawes’ oeuvre as well. The logic of the Southworth & Hawes’ Transfiguration becomes less a conundrum when considered in relation to two of their other images, one of the branded hand of abolitionist Jonathan Walker, the other a self-portrait representing Southworth’s torso as a classical sculpture. Translation, transfiguration, body, soul and image are closely imbricated in all three of these daguerreotypes, each produced during the height of New England Transcendentalism. While Raphael’s Transfiguration epitomizes the intersection of the human and a divine being as Scriptural drama, The Branded Hand and Southworth as a Classical Bust allude to the spiritual realm through representation of the soul’s transcendence of the suffering body rather than direct reference to scripture. The Branded Hand detaches subject from the context of the body as a whole; Walker’s wound appears in the image as the silvery trace of the price paid for his abolitionist conviction. The portrait of Southworth separates an individual man’s identity from the more allegorical presence, while presenting suggestions of sorrow as emblems of spiritual elevation. But beyond this, the transmedial daguerreotype of the print of the Raphael announces itself as visual metonymy; the transfiguration of Christ in the painting also conveys the transfigurative power of the photographic medium itself.
Spuścizna niemiecka, kierunek Polski. Zbiór reprodukcji Seminarium Historii Sztuki na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim (1919–1939)
Authors: Kłudkiewicz Kamila
Published: January 2023

In 1919, the authorities of the newly established University of Poznan took over the buildings and movable property of the German Royal Academy, which had functioned in Poznan between 1903 and 1918. The Seminar of Art History, which was organised at the time, acquired, among other things, a collection of 4,000 slides and 4,000 reproductions which had been used in teaching art history at the German university. Thanks to the first Polish professor of art history, Szczęsny Dettloff, the collection began to grow. Dettloff, one of the fathers of academic art history in Poland, understood perfectly the need to expand the university’s research workshop: the library and the reproduction collection. He built a Polish photo library at the University of Poznan on the basis of the existing German reproduction collection and a set of diapositives acquired in 1919 from the Museum of Wielkopolska (the collection after the German Kaiser Friedrich Museum). The article describes the reproduction collection in the inter-war period, indicates its state of preservation and analyses the role of the local collection in the academic teaching of art history (in the context of the programme of studies, but also of trips for students).
Intencje edukacyjne pragmatycznych znaczeń w Sztuce doczesnej mądrości Baltasara Graciána
Authors: Wojnowski Kazimierz
Published: January 2023

Baltasar Gracián’s views revolved around the motivation of moral axiology in reference to the cognitive knowledge of reason and the practical knowledge of reason, by which individuals achieve effective results. He believed that knowledge of motivation, strategies and tactics for successful goal achievement should be imparted in education, while wisdom is expressed by effective long-term and permanent results of reasonable actions. Behavioral strategies motivated by moral axiology result in increased human spiritual and material well-being in society, and education in this area contributes to knowledge spread and moral progress. Temporal wisdom is both life wisdom and worldly wisdom; the former belongs to the human nature of life and is a driving force behind the creation of a better human world.
Polish citizens in Brazil
Authors: Kukawska Agata Edyta
Published: January 2023

This is a presentation of Polish immigrants who came to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries, now the second biggest Polish community in the world. In my presentation, I intend to describe the reason of the emergence of the population. Then, I continue to show the history of the community in Brazil, especially in Curitiba, the “Polish’’ capital of Brazil. Next in my presentation is the situation of the population of Polish origin in Brazil. I present different organisations which are a part of this community. What is more, I also describe the Parana region as a with the biggest concentration of residents with Polish roots. I also mention how Polish traditions are cultivated.
The Doctrine of Double Effect and Medical Ethics: A New Formulation
Authors: Sharifzadeh Rahman
Published: January 2023

The standard version of the doctrine of double effect, a significant doctrine in applied ethics particularly medical ethics, not only fails to capture some morally significant components of Aquinas’ view, but it does not resort to proper complementary features in order to accommodate the doctrine to our moral intuitions. We attempt to offer a new formulation of the doctrine incorporating the main components of Aquinas’ view and also to extend the view using some complementary features. We will examine the strength of the formulation applying it into some ethically controversial situations, mainly in medical ethics.
Unwritten Doctrine of Pythagoras in Hermias of Alexandria
Authors: De Campos Rogério G.
Published: January 2023

In Hermias’ commentary on Phaedrus (In Platonis Phaedrum Scholia), it is possible to identify several direct references to the philosophers and pre-Socratic doctrines, including Pythagoras. We point out to three references to Pythagoras in Hermias: (1) Pythagoras is characterized as an unwritten philosopher, (2) there is a special connection with the divinities and Muses, and (3) there is a special connection with the Phaedrus dialogue, revealed by the affinity between Pythagoras and Socrates. We show how the explicit references to Pythagoras in Hermias constitute a certain method of interpreting Platonism: as a philosophy manifested in writing, but which, at the same time, values the unwritten tradition, represented especially by Pythagoras and Socrates. We also demonstrate how the references translated and examined here reveal the image of this Neoplatonic Pythagoras of Hermias, an image which is not necessarily in tune with the oldest doxography, and which permits the reevaluation of Plato’s position as a philosopher who sought to combine unwritten doctrines with his explicit activity as a writer.
Notes on continuity result for conformable diffusion equation on the sphere: The linear case
Authors: Nguyen Van Tien
Published: January 2023

In this article, we are interested in the linear conformable diffusion equation on the sphere. Our main goal is to establish some results on the continuity problem with respect to fractional order. The main technique is based on several evaluations on the sphere using spherical basis functions. To overcome the difficulty, we also need to use some calculations to control the generalized integrals.
Degradation assessment of archaeological oak (Quercus spp.) buried under oxygen-limited condition
Authors: Ghavidel Amir , Jorbandian Amin , Bak Miklós , Gelbrich Jana , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Sandu Ion , Hosseinpourpia Reza
Published: January 2023

The biological deterioration of archaeological wood under oxygen-limited conditions varies due to the limited activities of microorganisms. It is essential to expand the knowledge of the degradation types and the status of archaeological monuments for selecting the proper consolidates. The physical, chemical, and anatomical properties of approximately 600–650 year old archaeological oak collected from an archaeological site in Iasi-Romania were analysed to assess the quality and to identify the degradation types. The results were compared with similar tests on recently-cut oak. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of more lignin-related peaks in the archaeological oak, which likely reflected the degradation of the wood carbohydrates as evidenced by the decreased oxygen-to-carbon ratio C
ox/C
non-ox. The differences in cellulose crystallinity were not significant suggesting that any cellulose degradation occurred in the amorphous regions. This was also reflected in the dynamic water vapor sorption analysis where the differences in sorption isotherms and hysteresis of archaeological and recently-cut oaks were marginal. Microscopic analysis of the oak cells illustrated bacterial degradation patterns, while the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the presence of erosion bacteria in the archaeological oak collected from the site with low oxygen conditions.
Unidirectional emission of GaN-on-Si microring laser and its on-chip integration
Authors: Zhao Hanru , Feng Meixin , Liu Jianxun , Sun Xiujian , Tao Tao , Sun Qian , Yang Hui
Published: January 2023

GaN-based microring lasers grown on Si are promising candidates for compact and efficient light sources in Si-based optoelectronic integration and optical interconnect due to their small footprints, low mode volume, low power consumption, and high modulation rate. However, the high symmetry of circular microcavity leads to isotropic emission, which not only reduces the light collection efficiency, but also affects other adjacent devices during data transmission. In this study, the unidirectional lasing emission of room-temperature current-injected GaN-based microring laser was realized by coating metal Ag on the microring sidewall and integrating a direct coupled waveguide. The light was efficaciously confined in the cavity and only emitted from the waveguide, which avoided optical signal crosstalk with other adjacent devices. Furthermore, we integrated a microdisk at the other end of the waveguide as a photodetector, which could effectively detect the output power of the microring laser from the direct coupled waveguide. Therefore, a preliminary on-chip integration of GaN-based microring laser, waveguide and photodetector on Si substrate was successfully demonstrated for the first time, opening up a new way for on-chip integration and optical interconnect on a GaN-on-Si platform.
Encoding arbitrary phase profiles to 2D diffraction orders with controllable polarization states
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Li Xin , Geng Guangzhou , Li Xiaowei , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: January 2023

Generating 2D diffraction orders with uniform or tailored intensity distribution is highly desired for various applications including depth perception, parallel laser fabrication and optical tweezer. However, previous strategies lack the abilities to tailor multiple parameters of output light in different diffraction orders simultaneously. While such ability plays an important role in achieving various different functionalities parallelly. Here, we demonstrate a method for encoding arbitrary phase profiles to different diffraction orders with controllable polarization states by applying double-phase method into elaborately designed metasurface. Sixteen independent holograms that generated by GS algorithm are successfully encoded into 4 × 4 uniformly distributed diffraction orders. Hence, the predefined holographic images can be observed at the Fourier plane. Meanwhile, the corresponding polarization states of different orders are manipulated according to their Fourier coefficients. For verifying the polarization state of each holographic image, we calculate the Stokes parameter of each order from measured intensity distributions in the experiment. The proposed method provides an effective way to tailor multiple properties of output diffraction orders. Meanwhile, it may promote the realization of achieving various functionalities parallelly such as spectral-polarization imaging or phase-polarization detection and enhance the capabilities of optical communication systems.
A systematic review on environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus
Authors: Hemati Sara , Mohammadi-Moghadam Fazel
Published: January 2023

Monkeypox (MPX) is one of the common infections between humans and animals that caused by a virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak is a global crisis triggered by environmental factors (virus, wastewater, surface, air) and amplified by the decisions of government officials and communities. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the environmental perspectives of MPXV with emphasis on risk assessment to prevent and control a new pandemic. Five online databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched from 1990 to October 2022. Among 120 records, after the screening, four studies were included in the systematic review. The systematic review revealed that the possibility of MPXV transmission through wastewater, air, and the contaminated surfaces is a significant concern and its detection and destroying will play a major role in controlling the spread of the virus. Poxviruses have a high environmental stability, but are sensitive to all common chemical disinfectants. In conclusion, this study revealed that the environmental surveillance can be used as a complementary tool for detecting pathogens circulation in communities. This implies that the monitoring of environmental perspectives of MPXV can provide new awareness into virus transmission routes as well as the role of stakeholders and public health policies in MPXV risk management.
Understanding Colonial Archives: Reflections on Records from Habsburg Times in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kasumović Amila
Published: January 2023

The most important records of the Austro-Hungarian administrative history of Bosnia and Herzegovina are kept in the fonds of the Provincial Government in Sarajevo and of the Joint Ministry of Finance, Department for Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Vienna, both forming part of the collection of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo and together amounting to approximately 2000 shelf metres. The author looks here through the lens of “colonial archives” to assess the missed potential of the two fonds for writing the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing out that historians have hitherto used them primarily to study political history and a few segments of socio-economic history, neglecting recent approaches to re-establishing archives’ value for research. Yet, as the author shows, the so-called “archival turn” would prove to be an asset in deepening the understanding not only of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Austro-Hungarian imperial history, but its history more generally.
On inverse sum indeg energy of graphs
Authors: Jamal Fareeha , Imran Muhammad , Rather Bilal Ahmad
Published: January 2023

For a simple graph with vertex set

{

v

1

,

v

2

,

…

,

v

n

}

\left\{{v}_{1},{v}_{2},\ldots ,{v}_{n}\right\}

and degree sequence

d

v

i

i
=
1
,
2
,

…

,
n

{d}_{{v}_{i}}\hspace{0.33em}i=1,2,\ldots ,n

, the inverse sum indeg matrix (ISI matrix)

A

ISI

(

G

)

=

(

a

i
j

)

{A}_{{\rm{ISI}}}\left(G)=\left({a}_{ij})

of

G

G

is a square matrix of order

n
,

n,

where

a

i
j

=

d

v

i

d

v

j

d

v

i

+

d

v

j

,

{a}_{ij}=\frac{{d}_{{v}_{i}}{d}_{{v}_{j}}}{{d}_{{v}_{i}}+{d}_{{v}_{j}}},

if

v

i

{v}_{i}

is adjacent to

v

j

{v}_{j}

and 0, otherwise. The multiset of eigenvalues

τ

1

≥

τ

2

≥
⋯
≥

τ

n

{\tau }_{1}\ge {\tau }_{2}\hspace{0.33em}\ge \cdots \ge {\tau }_{n}

of

A

ISI

(

G

)

{A}_{{\rm{ISI}}}\left(G)

is known as the ISI spectrum of

G

G

. The ISI energy of

G

G

is the sum

∑

i
=
1

n

∣

τ

i

∣

\mathop{\sum }\limits_{i=1}^{n}| {\tau }_{i}|

of the absolute ISI eigenvalues of

G
.

G.

In this article, we give some properties of the ISI eigenvalues of graphs. Also, we obtain the bounds of the ISI eigenvalues and characterize the extremal graphs. Furthermore, we construct pairs of ISI equienergetic graphs for each

n
≥
9

n\ge 9

.
Small-Specimen Testing, with Image-Based Analysis, for Crack Propagation Resistance in Polygranular Nuclear Graphite
Authors: Marrow James , Scotson Dan , Jin Xiaochao , Chen Hongniao , Chen Yang , Koko Abdo , Earp Philip , Wu Houzheng
Published: January 2023

To enable monitoring of graphite that has been exposed to irradiated, high-temperature environments, there is a need for analysis methods that are suitable for fracture toughness measurements in small test specimens. Quasistatic fracture propagation has been studied for two candidate graphites for next-generation nuclear energy, SNG742 and T220, using small specimens in the double-cleavage drilled-compression (DCDC) geometry (20 × 7 × 7 mm). Compression of the DCDC specimen initiated stable crack propagation, and the surface full-field displacements were measured by digital image correlation. A phase congruency method was applied to the displacement field to quantify the crack lengths, crack opening displacements, and crack tip opening angles. The classical analytical solution for the stress intensity factor in the DCDC specimen gave unrealistic results due to its boundary condition assumptions. A new analysis method is proposed in which the measured crack displacement field is injected as boundary conditions into a finite element model, allowing the J-integral to be evaluated via the contour integral method, which then provides the mode 1 stress intensity factor during quasistatic crack propagation. With the assumption of linear elasticity, the critical stress intensity factor in T220 was constant for crack propagation up to 6 mm and lower than that in SNG742, which showed rising fracture resistance for longer cracks. The analysis was validated using Macor, a linear elastic fine-grained glass ceramic with known fracture toughness without significant R-curve behavior. The small-specimen graphite results are consistent with the reported fracture toughness from large-specimen tests, but the values are overestimations due to the nonlinear behavior of unirradiated graphite. Methods to extract nonlinear elastic properties by inverse analysis are discussed. The outlook for fracture testing of irradiated graphite at elevated temperatures is considered.
Testing Methods for Graphite Exposed to Molten Salt Reactor Environment
Authors: Xiong Dongbo , Tsang Derek
Published: January 2023

As one of the preferred designs in Generation IV reactors, the molten salt reactor (MSR) is gaining a lot of interest around the world. The MSR uses molten salt as a coolant to transfer heat out from its reactor core. Components of the MSR would be inevitably damaged by both irradiation and molten salt erosion. Nuclear graphite, as a moderator and reflector for the MSR, may receive more irradiation dose than other nuclear materials inside the reactor core. Graphite is also a porous material, and impregnation of molten salts may cause damage to its internal structure. Moreover, the effects of molten salt impregnation are more uncertain due to the change of material properties by irradiation. Here, potential problems in using graphite in the MSR are reviewed. Experimental methods for nuclear graphite exposed to a molten salt environment are also discussed.
Measurement Strategy for an Irradiated Graphite Postirradiation Examination Campaign
Authors: Wilkinson Samantha , Shaw Tim
Published: January 2023

The National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) sites at Sellafield have measured more than 15,000 irradiated graphite samples from a variety of reactors over the last 25 years. With measurements required to support commercial reactor operational safety cases, there has been a need to maximize postirradiation examination (PIE) measurement campaign efficiency while maintaining high levels of accuracy and reproducibility. This paper gives an overview of the best practices that the NNL have developed through operational experiences of how to conduct a PIE measurement campaign on irradiated graphite. More specifically it covers sample identification and tracking, technique development and validation, measurement strategy, and sample preparation. We then use the NNL-developed technique of laser mensuration as a case study to probe some of these topics further. The laser mensuration technique uses two scanning laser heads to measure small sample dimensions of irradiated graphite specimens, in a short period of time, to an accuracy of microns, remotely within a hot cell. To achieve this, multiple factors must be considered in terms of rig operation and environment that must be compensated for within the analysis of the data.
Evaluating the Effects of Molten Salt on Graphite Properties: Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Gallego Nidia C. , Contescu Cristian I. , Paul Ryan M.
Published: January 2023

The recent interest in developing molten salt reactors (MSRs) for energy production opens multiple new opportunities for graphite manufacturers, reactor vendors, and designers and creates new challenges for engineers and scientists. In MSRs, graphite is not only exposed to fast neutron irradiation but also in continuous contact with the coolant molten salt, the fuel salt, or both, depending on the design. The continuous operation in contact with the molten salts is expected to affect graphite's local composition and microstructure, which in turn impacts the mechanical, thermal, and irradiation-resistance properties of the graphite. Most ASTM testing procedures developed so far apply to graphite for gas-cooled reactors. Although some effort has recently been directed to the development of standards applicable to graphite-molten salt systems (such as ASTM D8091 and ASTM D8377), knowledge gaps still remain in this area. Characterization of graphite properties in molten fluoride salts has many associated challenges. Most salts of interest are hygroscopic and must be handled in a protected atmosphere; some are highly toxic (containing beryllium) or may be radioactive if they contain fuel. The MSR community needs to quickly adapt existing standards or develop new testing methods to respond to the new demands of the MSR technology. This paper is intended to initiate a productive discussion and summarizes the challenges and opportunities in this field.