bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-22 reduces the pulmonary injury and lethality of influenza infection (CCR4P.201)
Authors: Pociask Derek , Yan Xiaoqiang , Kolls Jay
Published: December 2022

Influenza A hospitalization and mortality are often due to fulminant inflammation/acute respiratory failure (ARDS) or the development of secondary bacterial infections. Epithelial injury is a critical component of ARDS, thus identifying ways to attenuate inflammation while promoting epithelial integrity are vital in improving recovery after infection. We have identified IL-22 as an epithelial specific cytokine that is integral in lung epithelial repair, leading us to hypothesize that IL-22 has therapeutic potential during Influenza infection. To test this, mice infected with an LD90 or LD50 dose of H1N1(PR8/8/34) were treated with IL-22:Fc. While IL-22 treatment did not reduce viral load, It caused a significant reduction in inflammartion, neutrophilia, and lung leak. Importantly, this led to improved health outcomes (reduced weight loss, greater activity scores) and decreased mortality. This effect was specific to the IL-22Ra1 signaling as EIIa-cre x IL-22Ra1fl/fl mice (a global receptor knockout) were non-responsive to IL-22 treatment. Further, we believe IL-22Ra1 signaling is critical in the lung, as albumin-cre X IL-22Ra1fl/fl mice (liver specific) did not have reduced lung pathology with IL-22:Fc treatment. Taken together these data lead us to believe IL-22 is an important cytokine for improving recovery after influenza infection. We are currently working to identify the mechanisms and key IL-22ra1+ cells required for the therapeutic efficacy of IL-22.
Myeloid cells are primed for anti-inflammatory STAT6 signaling during inflammation (CCR4P.210)
Authors: Wermeling Fredrik
Published: December 2022

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat various autoimmune conditions. Using the K/BxN model for rheumatoid arthritis we’ve shown that the therapeutic activity of IVIG depends on STAT6 signaling. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory activity of IL-4Rα induced STAT6 signaling takes place directly in LysM+ myeloid cells. However, in naïve mice these cells express low levels of the IL-4Rα. Exploring this discrepancy we found that during KBxN-mediated inflammation, IL-4Rα is highly up-regulated selectively on myeloid effector cells. This regulation is seen during several types of inflammation, and subsequently the cells respond to IL-4 with increased STAT6 phosphorylation. This regulation can be transferred both in vitro and in vivo using serum from mice with ongoing inflammation. Furthermore, transfer experiments show that the responsible (proteinase K-sensitive) factor is released by bone marrow derived non-lymphoid cells found in several organs, including the lungs and in fat. In conclusion, during ongoing inflammation, anti-inflammatory STAT6 signaling is specifically targeted to myeloid effector cells. This is mediated by regulation of the STAT6 signaling pathway by a secreted acute-phase reactant. We propose that this regulation is part of a homeostatic mechanism trying to limit excessive inflammation and tissue damage. IVIG, thus, exploits an endogenous feedback loop that could be further targeted for therapeutic purposes.
Altered soluble mediator levels and systemic lupus erythematosus-specific Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire (CSQ) scores differentiate unaffected relatives of lupus patients from healthy individuals with no family history of SLE (CCR4P.214)
Authors: Munroe Melissa , Young Kendra , Fessler Jennifer , Fife Dustin , Kamen Diane , Guthridge Joel , Niewold Timothy , Weisman Michael , Ishimori Mariko , Wallace Daniel , Karp David , Harley John , James Judith
Published: December 2022

Identifying populations at risk of SLE who remain unaffected would provide insights for potential disease prevention. Using a unique resource of SLE patient family members, first degree relatives (FDRs) of SLE patients (n = 154) with plasma samples available from previous genetic studies and who remained unaffected at follow-up evaluation (mean time = 6.8 years) were matched to healthy individuals unrelated to SLE patients (Controls). FDRs and Controls provided clinical and demographic information, and completed screening questionairres at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU). BL and FU plasma samples were assessed for autoantibody production and soluble mediators. FDRs had significantly higher BL and FU CSQ scores (p<0.0001), but no difference in the number of positive autoantibodies compared to Controls. FDRs had significant (p < 0.01) increases in 38 (of 52) soluble mediators at BL and FU, including IFN-associated chemokines, TNFR ligands, and regulatory mediators (p<0.002). Levels of MIP-1α (p=0.008), MIG (p=0.019), GROα (p=0.001), ICAM-1 (p=0.007), and VEGF (p=0.004), along with CSQ scores (p=0.010), best distinguished FDRs from Controls in logistic regression models. These alterations are present despite lack of progression to classified SLE, suggesting that multiple perturbations in immune-mediated inflammatory processes present in FDRs of SLE patients may be offset by inhibitory factors.
Use of social media like Facebook in learning and teaching immunology at college of pharmacy: synergy or rivalry? (EDU1P.217)
Authors: Fazal Nadeem , Arabian Elnaz , Cheptene Elena
Published: December 2022

It is proven that today’s students spend majority of their time on Facebook. To help students stay more focused on studying a Facebook group about Immunology was created. It was hypothesized that Facebook will create an interest and impulse for first year pharmacy students to help increase participation in the class and help understand key concepts of Immunology. For those students that are visual learners and seem to struggle with understanding key concepts of immunology, uploading videos can help them with grasping this knowledge.The purpose of this project was to determine if creating a Facebook group would be beneficial for the Pharmacy Year 1 (P-1) class to help them get a better understanding of the Immunology through videos. The P1 class had the option of watching the videos and completing the surveys. While the results were promising in the first week, they slowly depleted as the study proceeded. After the second week there were numerous surveys completed that were not in favor of the videos or topic discussions. This trend continued until the last week of the study where it was not approved by the vast majority of the students. Based upon this research we concluded that Facebook did create an initial interest especially for visual learners but that seemed to wane away over time. Students were unable to remain focussed over time during the length of Immunology course. They preferred textbook reading and interactive discussion among small groups more than Facebook.
Differential response of hematopoietic stem cells to type 1 interferon signaling in nonobese diabetic mouse strain at non-diabetic and diabetic stages (HEM5P.234)
Authors: Xia Changqing , Butfiloski Edward , Clare-Salzler Michael
Published: December 2022

Nonobese diabetic mouse exhibits heightened type I IFN signaling in dendritic cells and it has been demonstrated that type I IFN signaling drastically influences hematopoiesis. In this study, we seek to determine whether heightened type I IFN signaling takes place in NOD hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and whether HSC functioning alters after onset of diabetes. Lin-Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) was used to define HSC within which CD48-CD34- cells were defined as dormant HSCs. In contrast to B6 mice, NOD LSKs was much higher, but the Sca-1 levels on HSCs were significantly lower. No significant difference was found between the two strains in terms of dormant HSCs. Notably, there were much higher numbers of CD34+CD48+ HSCs in NOD mice than in B6 mice. NOD HSCs responded to type I IFN-inducing agent, poly I:C at much higher levels than those of B6 mice, showing higher expression levels of Sca-1. The effect of Poly I:C on Sca-1 up-regulation in HSCs was inhibited by anti-IFNR antibodies in both the NOD and B6 mice. Interestingly, NOD HSCs lose their type I IFN-responding capability after onset of diabetes, which could be recovered after normalization of blood glucose, suggesting that hyperglycemia may impact on HSCs in diabetic animals. Our study demonstrates that heightened type I IFN signaling takes place in HSCs of autoimmune diabetes mouse model NOD mice, and hyperglycemia in diabetes may alter HSC functioning.
Hematopoietic crippling by chronic TLR4 ligand requires cell-intrinsic TLR4 and compromises both murine and human HSPCs in vivo (HEM5P.227)
Authors: Borghesi Lisa , Liu Ailing , Wang Yujuan , Ding Ying , Baez Ineavely , Payne Kimberly
Published: December 2022

The classical model for blood cell replenishment is changing with the unexpected realization that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) directly sense and respond to pathogens via toll-like receptors (TLRs). For the first time, we show that human HSPCs are severely compromised by repeated exposure to low dose TLR4 ligand as assessed in vivo in humanized mice. CD34+ HSPCs are reduced 50% with concomitant hyperproliferation. Downstream bone marrow lymphoid precursors and peripheral B cells are virtually ablated to the benefit of the myeloid cells. In the mouse model, reciprocal chimeras reveal that numerical and functional hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) defects following repeated exposure to TLR4 ligand require hematopoietic-derived TLR4. Selective deficiency of TLR4 on hematopoietic cells alleviates HSC hyperproliferation and myeloid skewing while cell non-autonomous TLR4 is largely dispensable. Finally, within uncommitted progenitor compartments, we show that HSC and downstream non-renewing multipotent progenitors (MPP) respond directly to TLR4 ligand. Thus, while transient TLR stimulation is thought to enable replenishment of the innate immune compartments that are rapidly consumed through acute infection, chronic TLR stimulation is detrimental to both murine and human HSPC integrity in vivo. These findings have broad implications as persistent exposure to TLR4 ligand occurs in individuals suffering from each chronic infection and obesity.
The Isolation of a Serum Lipid Which Inhibits Serologic Reactions
Authors: Volkin Elliot
Published: December 2022

Conclusions and Summary

The inhibitory activity of the human plasma fraction IV-1, remains unaffected by extraction with ether but disappears after subsequent extraction with ethanol.

It has been possible to isolate from the ethanol extract an active inhibitory fraction which by its solubility behavior in acetone, CdCl2 and BaCl2, and by its nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, has been identified as a human serum lecithin.

Quantitative serologic titrations have shown that this human serum lecithin fraction exerts inhibitory activity toward euglobulin fractions of biologic false positive origin in appreciably lower concentrations than does the whole serum fraction IV-1. However, comparative measurements have indicated that the inhibitory activity of the latter is more specific than that of the former, as evidenced by their respective actions toward euglobulin fractions of syphilitic origin. It appears, therefore, that the specificity of the whole fraction IV-1 may be attributed to the firm combination of the serum lecithin with the protein.

While egg lecithin has no specific inhibitory activity, purified beef heart lecithin exhibits the same inhibitory pattern as human serum lecithin.
Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan
Authors: Buescher Edward L. , Scherer William F. , Rosenberg Murray Z. , McClure H. Elliott
Published: December 2022

Viremia and clinically inapparent infection by JE virus were readily induced in birds of several species by subcutaneous inoculation of six different strains in low mouse passage. Virus titers usually reached 102.5–3.0 LD50/0.03 ml of blood. Incidence of viremia was related directly to size of virus inoculum and inversely to mouse passage level of virus and age of chickens (but probably not black-crowned night herons). Contrariwise, the time of appearance of viremia was related inversely to size of virus inoculum and directly to mouse passage level of virus. Maximal titer of virus and duration of viremia were unaffected by size of virus inoculum, and duration was inversely related to mouse passage level and age of chickens.

Neutralizing and HI, but not CF antibodies, were found in plasma of previously viremic birds when tested for 8–12 weeks after infection. Antibodies formed in some birds that failed to circulate virus. HI antibody appeared promptly within 2–3 days of cessation of viremia and reached maximal titers within 14–21 days following infection. Neutralizing antibody did not appear until the 3rd–12th postinfection weeks and an occasional bird never produced significant levels of neutralizing antibody during the 3 months after development of viremia and HI antibody. The titer of HI antibody usually decreased during the second and third postinfection months but neutralizing antibody persisted longer. Occasionally both antibodies became undetectable between 3 and 9 months after infection.
Antigenic Comparison of Boston Exanthem Virus Strains and Their Relationship to ECHO-16 Virus as Studied by Neutralization and Complement Fixation Procedures
Authors: Neva Franklin A. , Malone Mary F. , Lewis L. James
Published: December 2022

The discrepancy in clinical manifestations associated with Boston exanthem virus infections, and those produced by the immunologically-related ECHO-16 virus suggested study of the antigenic characteristics of these agents. Neutralization and complement fixation tests were used to examine monkey antisera prepared by single as well as multiple immunizing doses, and to test human sera from patients. Variable serologic patterns within a broad antigenic relationship were found for five strains of exanthem viruses and the prototype strain of ECHO-16 virus. Even the exanthem viruses as a group failed to show uniform immunologic properties. Consideration was given to the possible influence of technical procedures in antigenic studies of ECHO viruses.
The VI Antigens of the Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Baker Edgar E. , Whiteside Roberta E. , Basch Richard , Derow Matthew A.
Published: December 2022

Methods for the isolation and purification of Vi antigens of S. typhosa, P. ballerup and E. coli were outlined. The chemical and physical properties of these antigens were described.
A New in Vitro Method (END) for Detection and Measurement of Hog Cholera Virus and Its Antibody by Means of Effect of Hc Virus on Newcastle Disease Virus in Swine Tissue Culture
Authors: Kumagai Tetsuo , Shimizu Takehiko , Ikeda Sumio , Matumoto Minoru
Published: December 2022

A new in vitro method (END method) was developed for detecting and measuring hog cholera virus. This method is based on the following findings: a) that, under certain experimental conditions, Newcastle disease virus exerts no cytopathic effect when inoculated into swine testicular cell monolayer cultures within 4 or 5 days of cultivation, whereas Newcastle disease virus produces cytopathic changes when inoculated into the same culture after 6 to 8 days of cultivation; b) that in cell cultures infected in the initial stage of cultivation with hog cholera virus, which produces no cytopathogenesis, Newcastle disease virus readily produces marked cytopathic effects even if it is inoculated as early as the second, third, or fourth day of cell cultivation. Various factors involved in the phenomenon were investigated and a standard method of procedure was established.
Quantitative Micro-Complement Fixation and Its Use in the Study of Antigenic Structure by Specific Antigen-Antibody Inhibition
Authors: Wasserman Eleanor , Levine Lawrence
Published: December 2022

A quantitative micromethod for the estimation of C' fixation is described. The method is capable of measuring antigens in millimicrogram quantities. A use of the micro-C' fixation method is specifically illustrated by the quantitative inhibition of pneumococcus polysaccharide immune systems by oligosaccharides.
Studies on Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Inoue Y. Kanda , Iwasaki T. , Kato H.
Published: December 2022

Characteristics of mouse-adapted and hamster kidney (HK) adapted Japanese B encephalitis virus on chick embryo cell cultures have been studied by the plaque method, and the following results obtained: Plaques produced by mouse virus appeared faster than the plaques produced by HK virus. After 4 days of cultivation, mouse virus plaques were clear and 2 to 3 mm in diameter. In contrast, HK virus plaques were hazy and 1 to 2 mm in diameter.Using mouse and HK viruses, a strict linearity of response between plaque count and virus concentration was obtained over a 16-fold range.Maximal adsorption of mouse virus was obtained by 90 min incubation at 36°C, and that of HK virus by 120 minutes. Particles of mouse virus, unadsorbed at the time of agar overlay, subsequently diffused through the agar and produced plaques. In contrast, unadsorbed HK virus was unable to produce plaques.Using mouse and HK viruses, the titers obtained by plaque assay were as high or higher than the LD50 titers in mice or the TCD50 titers in HK cells.
An Adaptation of the Immunoelectrophoretic Method for the Use of Chicken-Precipitating Antisera
Authors: Tempelis C. H. , Lofy Mary F.
Published: December 2022

To create optimum conditions to test chicken-precipitating antibody by immunoelectrophoresis, it was necessary to increase the NaCl content of the agar strip. Clear, sharp differentiation of precipitin lines was evident when the agar contained 1.0 to 2.0% NaCl. Lesser amounts failed to precipitate all antigen-antibody systems and greater amounts produced diffuseness which made interpretation difficult.
Effect of Variation in Antibody-Hapten Association Constant upon the Biologic Activity of the Antibody
Authors: Siskind Gregory W. , Eisen Herman N.
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions

Under appropriate conditions the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response can be shown to depend on the affinity of antibody for its homologous antigenic determinant. The variation in response observed is consistent with what would be expected from considerations of the law of mass action.
The Suppressive Effect of Supraoptimum Doses of Antigen of the Secondary Antibody-Forming Response of Spleen Cells Cultured in Cell-Impermeable Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Makinodan T. , Hoppe Immo , Sado Toshihiko , Capalbo Elmo E. , Leonard Martha R.
Published: December 2022

The effect of antigen dose on adequately primed spleen cells was studied in cell-impermeable diffusion chambers. Maximum secondary antibody response against sheep red blood cells (RBC) was obtained when 1.2 × 107 spleen cells were cultured with 1.2 × 106 sheep RBC, a ratio of sheep RBC to spleen cells of 1:10. Maximum secondary antibody response against soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained when 2.4 × 107 spleen cells were cultured with 50 µg of BSA. A suboptimum response was readily obtained not only by decreasing the antigen dose below the optimum but also by increasing it. Pulse-labeling studies with H3-thymidine were carried out during the log phase of response, when the total number of lymphoid cells remained relatively constant. The results revealed that antigenic stimulation can cause a twofold reduction in the t2 and therefore the t1/2 of the lymphoid cells from approximately 1.0 to 0.5 day. Further autoradiographic studies with use of H3-thymidine, H3-uridine and H3-proline revealed that morphologically distinct blast cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells are in general metabolically distinct, and the decrease in the t2 of the lymphoid cell population after antigenic stimulation is due to preferential proliferation of metabolically active blast cells and plasma cells. Furthermore they showed that the change in antibody output as affected by the dose of RBC antigen can be related mainly to the number of metabolically active plasma cells. Finally, immunofluorescent studies showed that when primed spleeen cells were cultured with over 100 times the optimum dose of BSA the number of functional antibody-forming cells decreased markedly 1 week after culture, and, in addition, the efficiency of these functional cells seemed to be reduced to one fourth of the normal. The significance of these results to the cytokinetics of antibody response is discussed.
Heterogeneity of Sheep Diphtheria and Tetanus Antibodies
Authors: Locke R. F. , Segre D.
Published: December 2022

The ultracentrifugal patterns of ovine immune globulin revealed two peaks, the major peak having a sedimentation coefficient (s20, w) of 6.6 S while the smaller peak sedimented at 18 S. Heat treatment (65°C for 1 hr) destroyed the globulin sedimenting at 18 S. The sedimentation pattern of the 6.6 S globulin was unaffected. Globulin sedimenting at 6.6 S had a molecular weight of 174,000. The faster sedimenting 18 S globulin had a molecular weight of about 1 million.

The administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to sheep was followed by the production of heat labile 18 S antibodies, which reached a peak titer on the 7th day. Heat stable 6.6 S antibodies were not detectable until the 9th day and their titer rose sharply thereafter. Early response ovine antitoxin appeared to be composed largely of 18 S antibodies. Most of the antibody activity of hyperimmune sheep antitoxin was found to be concentrated in the 6.6 S globulin.

The antibody activity of electrophoretically separated globulin fractions of higher mobility was destroyed by heating at 65°C for 1 hr. The titers of globulin fractions of lower mobility were enhanced by the application of this level of heat.

Chromatographic subfractionation of purified 6.6 S γ2-globulin revealed the presence of tetanus antibodies in two subfractions, one of low and the other of intermediate electrophoretic mobility. Diphtheria antibodies were concentrated in a single fraction of intermediate mobility.
Purification and Characterization of Tetanus Toxoid and Toxin
Authors: Latham William C. , Jenness Cornelia P. , Timperi Ralph J. K. , Michelsen Christopher B. H. , Zipilivan E. Mario , Edsall Geoffrey , Ley Herbert L.
Published: December 2022

Filtration of partially purified tetanus toxoid through the dextran gel Sephadex G-100 has yielded at least four clearly identifiable fractions. The two fractions emerging first from the column, containing 55 to 65% of the nondialyzable nitrogen in the starting material, were capable of reacting in vitro with tetanus antitoxin and stimulating immunity to challenge with tetanus toxin in mice. The antigenicity of these fractions did not differ significantly from the parent toxoid.

The third fraction emerging from the column, which apparently is of smaller molecular size, reacted in vitro with tetanus antitoxin, but was poorly antigenic in animals.

The fourth fraction identified, presumably consisting of nondialyzable medium derivatives and nonspecific by-products of metabolism of the tetanus organism, was inactive both in vitro and in vivo.

The results of this study have demonstrated the value of gel filtration for the analysis of tetanus toxoid as well as for its purification. The simplicity of the technique as well as the low cost of materials are additional advantages of the system.

The method described has yielded satisfactory separation when applied to batches of toxoid containing upwards of 200,000 flocculation units.
A New Serum Factor in Normal Rabbits
Authors: Mandy William J. , Fudenberg H. Hugh , Lewis F. Bruce
Published: December 2022

The sera of 36 normal rabbits reacted specifically with the univalent 3.5 S fragments produced by papain digestion of rabbit γG-globulin. The reaction was demonstrated by the agglutination of human red cells sensitized by the univalent fragments of rabbit antihuman erythrocyte antibody. The activity of the serum factor was inhibited by the 3.5 S univalent fragments of normal rabbit γ-globulin.

The data suggest that the reactive factor, herein termed “homoreactant,” is one of a number of serologically distinct anti-γ-globulin factors. The factor was shown to reside in the 7 S γ-globulin fraction of serum, to be nondialyzable, and heat- and mercaptoethanol-resistant.

The data further suggest that papain digestion of rabbit γ-globulin reveals a buried antigenic groups; this group may be related to the genetically determined antigenic groups of rabbit γ-globulin (allotypes).

Differences between homoreactant and other serum factors are discussed.
Identification of Intrinsic Factor Autoantibody and Intrinsic Factor in Man by Radioimmunodiffusion and Radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Samloff I. Michael , Barnett Eugene V.
Published: December 2022

A micro-method for the detection of both intrinsic factor autoantibody and intrinsic factor which combines the techniques of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with radioautography has been described. A radioactive precipitin are demonstrable by radioautography formed when a mixture containing a complex of human intrinsic factor (IF) and Co60B12 (IF-Co60B12) and rabbit anti-human IgG (RAHgG) was reacted against the sera from 8 of 32 patients with pernicious anemia. Radioimmunodiffusion and radioimmunoelectrophoresis experiments revealed that antibody was present in IgG of both type K and type L; antibody was not found in IgA or IgM.

All antibody-containing sera blocked Co60B12 uptake by intrinsic factor. A nonradioactive precipitin are also developed when the Co60B12-binding capacity of intrinsic factor was blocked by unlabeled vitamin B12 and when nonintrinsic factor vitamin B12 binders were substituted for intrinsic factor. In the absence of anti-human IgG in the test system, a precipitin did not form and radioactivity was not demonstrable in the diffusion zone.

With antibody-containing serum, intrinsic factor was found in the gastric juice of 12 patients without pernicious anemia and in none of three patients with pernicious anemia.
Hemolysin Titration Based on Fixation of the Activated First Component of Complement: Evidence That One Molecule of Hemolysin Suffices to Sensitize an Erythrocyte
Authors: Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J.
Published: December 2022

A new method for titrating hemolysin (A) is described. This method is based on the fixation by sensitized erythrocytes (EA) of the activated first component of complement (C′1a). The quantity of C′1a fixed by EA is determined by the ability of the EAC′1a to convert EAC′4 to EAC′1a,4. Hemolysin titrations by this new method have yielded data which are consistent with the hypothesis that one molecule of hemolysin suffices to sensitize an erythrocyte to the action of complement. When conventional titrations are performed under conditions where complement concentration does not affect the rate of lysis, data are obtained which support the view that one molecule of A produces a sensitized site on an erythrocyte.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis – A review of cholangiographic and ultrasound imaging
Authors: Möller Kathleen , Braden Barbara , Culver Emma L. , Jenssen Christian , Zadeh Ehsan Safai , Alhyari Amjad , Görg Christian , Ignee André , Hocke Michael , Dong Yi , Sun Siyu , Faiss Siegbert , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: December 2022

Sclerosing cholangitis (SC) represents a spectrum of chronic progressive cholestatic diseases of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary system characterized by patchy inflammation, fibrosis, and stricturing. Primary and secondary SC must be distinguished given the different treatment modalities, risks of malignancy, and progression to portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatic failure. This review focuses on secondary SC and the pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, clinical presentation, and novel imaging modalities that help to distinguish between these conditions. We explore the detailed use of cholangiography and ultrasound imaging techniques.
Clinical severity according to the primary infection variant in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Korea
Authors: Hwang Myung-Jae , Hwang Insob , Park Chungmin , Park Hanul , Son Taejong , Kim Jong-Hun
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the severity of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection according to variants of concern in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daegu, Korea.METHODS: The database of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported from epidemiological investigations through the integrated system operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, from January 20, 2020 to May 7, 2022 was combined with data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service system. The severity odds ratio (SOR) in secondary infection episodes compared with primary infection was estimated using a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution.RESULTS: In all patients, the SOR of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.95), and the severity was lower than in the first infection. Patients who had been vaccinated within 91 days showed a more attenuated SOR (0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98). However, despite vaccination, in patients with both primary and secondary infections caused by the Omicron variant, the severity was reduced to a lesser extent than in patients primarily infected with other variants.CONCLUSIONS: We could make efforts to relieve the severity of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations, in which death is more likely, by recommending booster vaccinations in case of a resurgence.
The association between occupational stress level and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees
Authors: Chung Jonghee , Kim Jin-Hyo , Lee Jae Yoon , Kang Hee Seok , Lee Dong-wook , Hong Yun-Chul , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: Occupational stress management is particularly important for successful business operations, since occupational stress adversely affects workers’ health, eventually lowering their productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between occupational stress and health-related productivity loss (HRPL) among Korean workers.METHODS: In 2021, 1,078 workers participated in a web-based questionnaire survey. HRPL was measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire, and occupational stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. The occupational stress level was divided into tertiles (low, intermediate, and high), and the low occupational stress group was used as the reference group. Using a generalised linear model, differences in labour productivity loss according to the level of occupational stress were tested after adjusting for demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, household income, occupation, and underlying medical conditions.RESULTS: Non-parametric regression analysis of HRPL according to occupational stress showed a direct association between occupational stress and HRPL. A statistically significant difference was observed in HRPL between participants with intermediate and high occupational stress and those with low occupational stress.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that high occupational stress is associated with decreased labour productivity.
Genesis of Legal Regulation Web and the Model of the Electronic Jurisdiction of the Metaverse
Authors: Kostenko Oleksii , Furashev Vladimir , Zhuravlov Dmytro , Dniprov Oleksii
Published: December 2022

The study examines the transformation of scientific views and approaches to the problem of expediency and necessity of legal regulation of public relations, emerging from the evolution of the world system of public electronic resources in the transmission of information and Internet data from Web 1.0, Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. The stages of formation of the role and place of electronic jurisdiction in public relations are also investigated. Legal regulation of modern relations in virtual and augmented reality environments with the use of Web 3.0 technologies is not available today. At the same time, there are precedents for the application of certain provisions of analogue law to address legal uncertainties in the virtual environment, such as establishing ownership of virtual non-property assets, buying/selling of virtual non-property assets, liability for misappropriation of virtual non-property assets, etc. Obviously, the problem of legal regulation by the rules of analogue law in the virtual environment cannot be fully addressed. The solution to this problem is possible by creating a comprehensive e-jurisdiction and developing the Metaverse Grand Charter of Laws to regulate public relations in the meta-universe and to establish new branch of e-law. Given the urgency of the problem, the model of e-jurisdiction Grand Charter of Laws Metaverse is proposed. The model of complex electronic jurisdiction of Metaverse will allow to create basic conceptual apparatus, doctrinal and normative and legal concepts, to define objects and subjects of legal relations in Metaverse, to establish the basic forms of legal relations and mutual relations in Metaverse. This, in turn, will be the basis for reforming analogue legislation, partial interoperability in the digital environment and the development of new regulations in various areas of law and will stimulate the establishment of new e-jurisdiction. The study proposes the construction and basic elements of electronic jurisdiction, mechanisms for the separation of electronic offences and interaction with analogue jurisdictions. E-jurisdiction of the Metaverse Grand Charter of Laws will provide legal regulation of public relations both directly in Metaverse and in public relations related to the analogue and electronic world.
Efficiency of Pre-Trial Proceedings – Current State and Pro Futuro Challenges; Bratislava Legal Forum 2022
Authors: Krásná Patrícia , Mihálik Stanislav
Published: December 2022

On September 12 and 13, 2022, the international scientific conference "Bratislava Legal Forum 2022" was held under the auspices of the Alumni Club of the Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Law. The central theme of the plenary session was "The rule of law and the academy in the storms of 100 years". This year's conference was significant because it was also part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Law. Discussion in Section no. 13 Criminal law, Criminology and Criminalistics, in Slovak, Czech and English, was conducted as part of a project supported by the Research and Development Support Agency APVV no. 19-0102 ”The efficiency of pre-trial proceedings – research, evaluation, criteria and influence of legislative changes ”. The given section was aptly titled: "The efficiency of the pre-trial proceedings – current state and challenges for the future".
Report from the Commercial law and Economic Law Section on the International Scientific Conference Bratislava Legal Forum 2022
Authors: Patakyová Mária , Grambličková Barbora
Published: December 2022

International scientific conference Bratislava Legal Forum took place from 12-13 September 2022 at the Faculty of Law of the Comenius University in Bratislava with the main theme on "Rule of Law and Academia in the Turbulences of 100 years". This year's conference was more significant because it was part of the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Faculty of Law of Comenius University in Bratislava. The conference had sixteen sections focusing on different topics connected to the main theme. Section of the Commercial law and Economic law was dedicated to the topic: “Recodification of company law - sources of inspiration and expected solutions to the challenges of the third millennium”. Twenty-one international and national speakers participated in this section with various challenging presentations. Section was moderated by Professor Mária Patakyová and Associated professor Jana Duračinská, as the section was supported by the project VEGA 1/0349/22 “Restructuring as a preventive measure for solving the threat of bankruptcy”.
ANALYSING THE MODEL-SUPPORT CONNECTION BY TORSION TEST FOR SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS
Authors: Markovits Tamás , Varga László Ferenc , Fendrik Ármin
Published: December 2022

3D printing of metal parts was investigated in this research work, which connecting to the supporting of model. The connection between the support and the model is important form the viewpoint of the mechanical fixturing, the heat conduction, the removability of the support and the success of printing. In this research work, some support and tooth parameters such as the top length, the hatch distance, and base length, tooth height were investigated to create a model-support connection strength map. This knowledge makes it possible to select the most appropriate connection type between the support and the model by the requirements specified in different cases. The strength of the support-model connection was characterized by the shearing properties using the torsion test. The results are illustrated and compared by different support parameters and materials. The 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated.
АНАЛИЗА СТАНДАРДА ДИДАКТИЧКОГ ОБЛИКОВАЊА САДРЖАЈА НА ПРИМЕРУ БАСНИ У ЧИТАНЦИ ЗА ПРВИ РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ ИЗДАВАЧКЕ КУЋЕ ЕДУКА
Authors: Перишић Снежана
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the quality standards of the didactic design of textbooks on the example of a reading book for the first grade published by Eduka (Jović and Jović, 2019). The analysis was performed according to general textbook quality standards (Ivić et al., 2009) and legal frameworks for regulating the quality of textbooks and textbook sets, using the example of fables that are part of the content of the analyzed source. The analysis of the achievement of standards in the field of didactic design in the paper will point out the possibilities of improving the existing didactic-methodical apparatuses that accompany fables. Keywords: textbook quality standards, didactic-methodical apparatus, textbook, reading book, fable
Atención obstétrica y perinatal en pandemia por Covid-19: experiencias y percepciones de agentes de salud en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Arnao Bergero Magdalena , Lázzaro Ana Inés
Published: December 2022

Durante la pandemia por Coronavirus-19 en Argentina (2020-2021), la atención médica se vio abocada a paliar los efectos del COVID, impactando en todos los servicios de salud, entre ellos el de obstetricia. En este trabajo, buscamos indagar acerca de los cambios ocurridos en la atención perinatal durante la emergencia sanitaria y cómo fueron vividos por parte del personal médico implicado en la atención de embarazos y partos. Se trató de un estudio exploratorio de carácter cualitativo no representativo, basado en entrevistas estructuradas realizadas a profesionales del servicio de ginecología y obstetricia de hospitales de Córdoba. El objetivo fue realizar un diagnóstico de situación preliminar, buscando ahondar en la comprensión de las condiciones de posibilidad de un modelo de atención obstétrica de carácter mecanicista y de marcada ausencia de derechos. Advertimos la profundización de estas tendencias dado el contexto de emergencia sanitaria como así también la necesidad de atender a la multiplicidad de aristas, tales como: estructurales, materiales, simbólicas, subjetivas, vinculares, institucionales, laborales, que se entretejen a la hora de pensar en los facilitadores y obstaculizadores para la garantía de derechos en el embarazo, parto y nacimiento.
Development of Safety Management System Learning Through MOOCS to Improve Mastery of Aviation Safety Concepts for Cadets
Authors: Oka I Gusti Agung Ayu Mas , Masito Fitri , Irfansyah Ade , Purwaningtyas Dian Anggraini , Pramono Zalzariana Adelia
Published: December 2022

This type of research is research and development. The design of the development model in this study uses the ADDIE step (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, Evaluation). However, this article only discusses up to the analysis stage, namely to find out student needs for the development of Introduction to Safety Management System learning through MOOCs. The study was conducted in May-June 2022. The samples in this study were 146 Palembang Poltekbang students who took the Safety Management System course. Sampling is done by purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was a closed questionnaire consisting of 20 positive statements which is a modification of the Likert Scale with 4 answer choices, namely strongly agree with a score of 4, agree with a score of 3, disagree with a score of 2 and strongly disagree with a score of 1. The results of this study indicate that student agrees to do learning development Introduction To Safety Management System through MOOCs to improve mastery of aviation safety concepts.
Effectiveness of Multi-Matobe Integration in Social Studies Learning to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Rasimin Rasimin , Zuhri Muh , Hamsah Muhammad , Nurchamidah Nurchamidah , Rosyad Ali Miftakhu
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Multi-Matobe learning strategy in enhancing elementary-school students' critical thinking skills. The research population was elementary school students in Salatiga, Indonesia. Using purposive sampling, 160 students were chosen as samples. The research has a Randomize Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Students' critical thinking skills are measured by a validated test containing real religious tolerance issues. Data were analyzed using Paired Samples t-test. The results showed that the integration of Multi-Matobe learning is effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills. The contribution of this research is that students can think critically and have a tolerance to face global competition by integrating the Multi-Matobe strategy in schools.
ANALISIS WAKTU TUNGGU PELAYANAN RESEP RAWAT JALAN DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT X
Authors: Haifa Ayu Izzatin , Resni Neng
Published: December 2022

Instalasi farmasi merupakan salah satu unit kerja yang berperan sebagai penyelenggaraan kegiatan kefarmasian di rumah sakit. Salah satu standar pelayanan minimal farmasi di rumah sakit adalah waktu tunggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rata-rata waktu tunggu, faktor apa yang mempengaruhi lama atau tidaknya waktu tunggu, poli manakah yang waktu tunggunya paling lama, dan kesesuaian waktu tunggu pelayanan resep  rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X terhadap standar pelayanan minimal rumah sakit dengan indikator waktu tunggu. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan analisa univariat menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan rata-rata waktu tunggu resep obat jadi 39 menit dan resep obat racikan 79 menit. Waktu tunggu pelayanan resep rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X baik resep obat jadi maupun resep obat racikan, yaitu belum sesuai dengan standar pelayanan resep No.129/Menkes/SK/II/2008 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Rumah Sakit. Faktor yang mempengaruhi lamanya waktu tunggu pelayanan resep rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X, yaitu jenis resep, jumlah item obat per resep, jadwal poli rawat jalan, sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana dan ketersediaan obat. Waktu tunggu terlama dari masing-masing poli rawat jalan untuk resep obat jadi, yaitu poli paru dengan lama 73 menit, sedangkan untuk resep obat racikan yaitu poli anak dengan lama 85 menit.
DESAIN MEJA SETRIKA LIPAT UNTUK UMKM LAUNDRY DENGAN METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT
Authors: Rahmawati Puput , Ramadhani Rizqi , Lubis Damang Suhdi
Published: December 2022

The growth of laundry every year will increase by 20% and reach 50% in 2022. In the laundry washing process, the process of ironing and folding clothes is a process that requires the most energy and long time. Constraints that occur in the process of ironing and folding clothes cause overload so that many laundries refuse customer requests causing the resulting turnover to be not optimal. The folding ironing table innovation can combine the functions of ironing as well as folding clothes in one process. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is used to get the voice of the customer and build the House of Quality (HOQ) matrix. Customers desire an ironing board product that has strong and sturdy material, ergonomic design, wide table size, flexible and multifunctional, quality base, and has an attractive design. The development of a folding ironing table product design with a strong and sturdy material, specifically stainless steel, as well as an ironing table base that can be rotated and folded flexibly is expected to make the process of ironing and folding clothes more effectiveKeywords : laundry, ironing, folding clothes, Quality Function Deployment, House of Quality
KRİPTO PARALARA YATIRIM NİYETİNİ ETKİLEYEN BAZI FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: EFENDİOĞLU İbrahim Halil
Published: December 2022

Merkezi bir otorite tarafından yönetilmeyen ve finansal getirisi yüksek olan kripto paralara olan ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Gelecekte ekonomik sistemi önemli ölçüde etkileyecek bu dijital varlıklara yatırım yapan yatırımcı sayısı, son yıllarda hem dünya da hem de Türkiye’de çok hızlı bir ivme ile artmıştır. Kripto paraya yatırım yapmak isteyen kişiler çok farklı stratejiler izlemekte ve zaman zaman karşılaşacağı risklerden endişe etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kripto paraya ilgi duyan yatırımcıların, yatırım niyetini etkileyen bazı faktörlerin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Türkiye'nin çeşitli illerinde yaşayan 430 kişi ile çevrimiçi anket yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, SPSS ve AMOS paket programları ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kripto paralara yatırım niyeti olan yatırımcıların kripto paralar hususunda finansal okuryazarlığının, aracı kurumlara ve kripto para birimlerine duydukları güveninin ve karşılaştığı sosyal etkinin kripto paralara yatırım niyetine anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, bu yatırımcıların kripto para yatırımlarında algıladığı riskin kripto para yatırım niyetine anlamlı ancak negatif bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kripto para yatırımcılarının kripto paralara karşı gösterdiği sürü davranışlarının ve fiyat bilinçlerinin yatırım niyetine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Comparative efficacy of three synchronization protocols in anestrous goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Kausar Rehana
Published: December 2022

The goal of this experiment was to compare the effectiveness of three popular synchronization protocols, viz. ovsynch, double prostaglandin (PGF2? /PG) injections, and MAP (Medroxyprogesterone acetate) sponges, in anestrous goats. Twenty one non pregnant multiparous anestrous goats with an average body condition score (BCS = 2.5) were selected. After the last PG injection, all the goats were exposed to three fertile bucks. They were observed to be in standing estrus. For further confirmation of copulation, a vaginal cytology test was performed for the presence of sperm inside the vaginal smear. Serum estradiol (E2) peaks were also estimated by using radioimmunoassay in estrus goats. MAP sponge efficiency with respect to estrus induction was found to be superior (57%) as compared to the rest (Ovsynch14 and PG 0%) (p< 0.05). Post PG standing estrus time in ovsynch and MAP groups was recorded as 48 h and 44 ± 12 h, respectively. The double PG group totally failed to show standing estrus. E2 peak levels ranging from 11-38 pg/ml in ovsynch and 10–25 pg/ml in the MAP group were observed in estrus goats. This study found the MAP sponge protocol most efficient for inducing estrus in anestrous goats.