bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Language and Power: Talking Empowerment?
Authors: Hirsch Susan F.
Published: November 2004

Researching Language: Issues of Power and Method. Deborah Cameron. Elizabeth Frazer. Penelope Harvey. M.B.H. Rampton. and Kay Richardson. London/New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1992.148 pp.

Talking Power: The Politics of Language. Robin Tolmach Lakoff. New York: Basic Books, 1990. 324 pp.

Power in Family Discourse. Richard J. Watts. Contributions to the Sociology of Language, 63. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991. 299 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Brody Jill
Published: November 2004

Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin. eds. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 11. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.363 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kernan Keith T.
Published: November 2004

He‐Said‐She‐Said: Talk as Social Organization among Black Children. Marjorie Harness Goodwin .Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.317 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Zaharlick Amy
Published: November 2004

Language, History, and Identity: Ethnolinguistic Studies of the Arizona Tewa. Paul V. Kroskrity. Tucson/London: University of Arizona Press, 1993.289 pp.
Gender and Conversational Interaction
Authors: Moonwomon Birch
Published: November 2004

Gender and Conversational Interaction. Deborah Tannen ed. Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 327 pp.
Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles
Authors: Ana Otto Santa
Published: November 2004

Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Carmen Silva–Corvalán. Oxiord Studies in Language Contact. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. 255 pp.
Concerning the League: The Iroquois League Tradition as Dictated in Onondaga
Authors: Mithun Marianne
Published: November 2004

Concerning the League: The Iroquois League Tradition as Dictated in Onondaga by John Arthur Gibson. Hanni Woodbury. ed. and trans., in collaboration with Reg Henry and Harry Webster on the basis of A. A. Goldenweiser's manuscript. Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics Memoir, 9. Winnepeg, Manitoba: linguistic Department, University of Manitoba, 1992. 755 pp.
Salience Counts: A Domain Analysis of English Color Terms
Authors: Smith J. Jerome , Furbee Louanna , Maynard Kelly , Quick Sarah , Ross Larry
Published: November 2004

Independent models of basic and nonbasic color terms are combined to explore the domain as a whole. We analyze an elicited set of English color terms, ranked by a combined frequency and order of mention salience index. We find that (1) basic color terms emerge intact as a distinctive category, and (2) the remaining types of terms array themselves in an extended pattern of distribution with respect to the domain's broader scheme of lexical, organizational, semantic, and salience dimensions.
Is There Convergence in Language Death? Evidence from Chipewyan and Stoney
Authors: Cook Eung‐Do
Published: November 2004

There have been explicit claims and implicit assumptions that extensive and drastic structural reductions that occur in dying languages are due to convergence and confluence. This article argues that structural decay and change in language death are not caused by external influence but by an impeded and premature process of acquisition. Critical reviews of some well‐known convergence analyses (including Chipewyan) are presented to demonstrate that changes are not due to convergence but internally motivated. The conservative features in dying dialects and innovative changes in a thriving dialect of Stoney further suggest that convergence never or rarely occurs in the final stage of language death.
American Dialect Research
Authors: Johnson Ellen
Published: November 2004

American Dialect Research. Dennis R. Preston. ed. Centennial Series of the American Dialect Society. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993. 460 pp.
To Drink of Death: The Narrative of a Shuar Warrior
Authors: Nuckolls Janis
Published: November 2004

To Drink of Death: The Narrative of. Shuar Warrior. Janet Wall Hendricks. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. 316 pp.
Organizing Social and Spatial Location: Elicitations in Indo‐Guyanese Village Talk
Authors: Sidnell Jack
Published: November 2004

Boundaries, borders, and the spaces they delimit become meaningful, in part, through talk situated within them, as well as through talk about them. In this article I look at the role elicitations play in organizing mutually embedded knowledge about social and spatial location. Particularly important, I argue, is the use, in elicitations, of metapragmatic framing devices, including personal and spatial deictics and explicitly metalinguistic verbs such as kos 'curse' and kaal 'call/beckon'.
Culture Influencing Language: Plurals of Hopi Kin Terms in Comparative Uto‐Aztecan Perspective
Authors: Hill Jane H. , Hill Kenneth C.
Published: November 2004

Uto‐Aztecan languages exhibit classification of noun categories by plural marking. In Hopi and in the Tepiman languages, the marked‐plural noun category is elaborated to distinguish the flat surfaces of bodies, real and metaphorical, from elements that protrude from and intrude into these surfaces. In Tepiman, nonpatrilineal kin are seen metaphorically as such protrusions/intrusions. The metaphor of the lineage as a body occurs among the matrilineal Hopi, but the specific affective relational dynamics involving nonmatrilineal relatives require that these kin be shifted to the unmarked plural category, for an "anti‐Whorfian" effect where culture overrides language.
Creating Context in Andean Cultures.
Authors: Wogan Peter
Published: November 2004

Creating Context in Andean Cultures. Rosaleen Howard‐Malverde. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 255 pp.
Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario.; Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France.; A Reader in French Sociolinguistics.
Authors: Morford Janet
Published: November 2004

Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario. Monica Heller. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994. 252 pp.

Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France. Timothy Pooley. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters, 1996. 318 pp.

. Reader in French Sociolinguistics. Malcolm Offord. ed. New York: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 1996. 213 pp.
Bilingual Women: Anthropological Approaches to Second Language Use.; Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self.; Feminist Stylistics.
Authors: Gaudio Rudolf P.
Published: November 2004

Bilingual Women: Anthropological Approaches to Second Language Use. Pauline Burton. Ketaki Kushari Dyson and Shirley Ardener. eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1994. 198 pp.

Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self. Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz. eds. New York: Routledge, 1995. 512 pp.

Feminist Stylistics. Sara Mills. New York: Routledge, 1995. 230 pp.
Linguistic Culture and Language Policy.
Authors: Monaghan Leila
Published: November 2004

Linguistic Culture and Language Policy. Harold Schiffman. New York: Routledge, 1996. 351 pp.
Constructing Panic: The Discourse of Agoraphobia.
Authors: Kulick Don
Published: November 2004

Constructing Panic: The Discourse of Agoraphobia. Lisa Capps and Elinor Ochs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. 244 pp.
Situational Meanings of Japanese Social Deixis: The Mixed Use of the Masu and Plain Forms
Authors: Cook Haruko Minegishi
Published: November 2004

This article explores indexical relations between honorific forms and their situational meanings by examining the Japanese addressee honorific masu form and its nonhonorific counterpart, the plain form. Arguing against a simple view of these forms as speech‐level markers, the article proposes that both addressee‐deference and speaker‐focused self‐presentation are indexical values of the masu form; the plain form is associated with an absence of these values. By examining two contrastive social situations, the article investigates ways in which co‐occurring contextual features foreground one value over the other.
Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia
Authors: Wilce James
Published: November 2004

Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia. J. Joseph Errington Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 216 pp.
Discourse + Organization
Authors: Glenzer Kent
Published: November 2004

Discourse. Organization. David Grant Tom Keenoy Cliff Oswick. eds. London: Sage Publications, 1998. 248 pp.
Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality
Authors: Cameron Deborah
Published: November 2004

Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Anna Livia and Kira Hall. eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 460 pp.
Linguistics and the Third Reich: Mother Tongue Fascism, Race and the Science of Languages
Authors: Cameron Deborah
Published: November 2004

Linguistics and the Third Reich: Mother Tongue Fascism, Race and the Science of Language. Christopher Hutton. Routledge Studies in the History of Linguistics, 1. London: Routledge, 1999. 416 pp.
Britain and the United States: Two Nations Divided by the Same Language (and Different Language Ideologies)
Authors: Milroy Lesley
Published: November 2004

This article examines popular beliefs about language in Britain and the United States within a language ideology framework. With particular reference to Silverstein's discussion of second‐order indexicality, it argues that language varieties in Britain and the United States are differently ideologized in such a way as to foreground social class groups in Britain and ethnic groups in the United States. This difference gives rise to characteristically different kinds of national language controversy. American and British images of a spoken standard language are not only quite different but also occupy a pivotal position in their respective ideological systems. In America, a leveled variety is imagined as standard and mainstream, while in Britain an elite classmarked variety is commonly imagined as standard. Each type of standard, while imagined as a neutral reference point, sets up a pattern of structural oppositions that foregrounds and stigmatizes the codes indexing "nonmainstream" groups in the United States and "lower‐class" groups in Britain.
The Symbolic Capital of Social Identities: The Genre of Bargaining in an Urban Guatemalan Market
Authors: French Brigittine M.
Published: November 2004

This article examines bartering speech in a Guatemalan market as a particular type of discourse, the genre of bargaining. It also investigates marketers' uses of that discourse as facilitating a process of negotiating their identities as social actors. The article examines, first, how the invocation of the genre of bargaining orders marketers' speech into a stable and coherent discourse; second, how the genre's connections with social, ideological, and political‐economic relations invest marketers' speech with pre‐established associations; and third, how marketers may manipulate social and ideological associations established by past conventions in order to negotiate the social value of their identities at present.
The Language of Multiple Identities among Dominican Americans
Authors: Bailey Benjamin
Published: November 2004

As a group whose members are Hispanic, American, and largely of African descent, Dominican Americans must negotiate distinctive issues of identity in the United States. Language is central to these negotiations, both as a symbol of identity and as a medium through which to construct and display local social meanings. Dominican Americans use linguistic forms from multiple varieties of two codes, Spanish and English, to situationally activate various facets of their multiple identities. This multivariety linguistic and interactional construction of identities undermines implicit assumptions of uniformity and essentialism in U.S. linguistic and ethnic/racial categories, particularly in the construction of the category "African American."
Qualitative Methods in Sociolinguistics
Authors: Bailey Benjamin
Published: November 2004

Qualitative Methods in Sociolinguistics. Barbara Johnstone. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.164 pp.
Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar: The Case of Haitian Creole
Authors: Garrett Paul B.
Published: November 2004

Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar The Case of Haitian Creole. Claire Lefebvre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 461 pp.
Stances of Whiteness and Hegemony in Fraternity Men's Discourse
Authors: Kiesling Scott
Published: November 2004

In this article I explore how a group of White men display and reaffirm their hegemonic social position through in‐group discourse. The men do not baldly assert such positions; rather, they create local relationships by indexing elements of wider racial ideologies and cultural models, thus reinforcing these ideologies and models. This view of "doing Whiteness" suggests that identities of all types are performed less directly (both ideologically and indexically) than often thought.
The Language War.
Authors: Johnstone Barbara
Published: November 2004

The Language War. Robin Tolmach Lakoff. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000. 322 pp.
The Construction of White, Black, and Korean American Identities through African American Vernacular English
Authors: Chun Elaine W.
Published: November 2004

Discussions of racialized language rarely consider the linguistic practices of Asian Americans. This article examines one Korean American male student's conversational use of lexical elements from an imagined version of African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Although the speaker's linguistic practices maintain the dominance of whiteness in racial ideologies in the United States, his particular uses of AAVE index his relationship with both whiteness and blackness. He thereby projects a distinctively Korean American male identity in the context of existing discourses of race and gender in the United States.
Evidentiality: Authority, Responsibility, and Entitlement in English Conversation
Authors: Fox Barbara A.
Published: November 2004

The present study explores the use of evidential markers in English conversation. It seeks to provide evidence that evidential marking in English conversation indexes social meanings and, hence, is sensitive to the relationship between speaker and recipients) and/in a particular context of utterance; and it seeks to demonstrate that it is the social meanings of authority, responsibility, and entitlement that are indexed by evidential marking in English conversation.
Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and Courtroom Control
Authors: Merry Sally Engle
Published: November 2004

Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and Courtroom Control. Susan U. Philips. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 205 pp.
The Art of Communicating: Language
Authors: Pudlinski Christopher
Published: November 2004

The Art of Communicating: Language. Jean‐Pierre Maher. dir. Princeton: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 53 min.
The Performance of Illusion and Illusionary Performatives: Learning the Language of Theatrical Magic
Authors: Jones Graham , Shweder Lauren
Published: November 2004

This article highlights the linguistic dimension of sleight‐of‐hand magic performance through a situated study of the transmission of a trick from expert to novice magician. Focusing on the context of apprenticeship rather than performance, we distinguish an emphasis on linguistic techniques for producing illusion, skills deeply embedded in the magician's artful practice. Ultimately, we conclude that a magician's talk is performative in that its meaning lies in the effect it has on the visual experience of the audience, who co‐constructs the trick.
Number.
Authors: Dimmendaal Gerrit J.
Published: November 2004

Number. Greville G. Corbett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xix. 358 pp.
A Linguistic Anthropology of Praxis and Language Shift: Arvanitika (Albanian) and Greek in Contact
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra
Published: November 2004

. Linguistic Anthropology of Praxis and Language Shift: Arvanitika (Albanian) and Greek in Contact Lukas Tsitsipis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. + 163 pp.
An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 4th edition.
Authors: Monaghan Leila
Published: November 2004

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 4th edition. Ronald Wardhaugh. Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. viii. 408 pp.
Global Semiotics.
Authors: Parmentier Richard J.
Published: November 2004

Global Semiotics. Thomas A. Sebeok. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. xxiii. 238 pp.
What Does Language Remember?: Indexical Inversion and the Naturalized History of Japanese Women
Authors: Inoue Miyako
Published: November 2004

This article explores the production of naturalized temporality and its ideological effects by focusing on the semiotic process of indexical order. Linguistic practice is linked with the exercise of power not only by constructing intersubjective social reality in an ongoing communicative process, but also, and perhaps more powerfully, by constructing an historical narrative that logically unfolds from the (naturalized) indexical order. Drawing on the case of the historical development of “women's language” in Japanese, the article discusses how an indexical order produces a tacit natural history of Japanese women, which surreptitiously turns gender inequality into nature.
Earliest Phases in the Evolution of Sickness and Healing
Authors: Fabrega Horacio
Published: November 2004

Sickness and healing constitute the root concepts that center medical anthropological inquiry and give the field its identity. Here, they are held to manifest a biological adaption designed by evolution that requires culture for its final realization. Sickness and healing thus provide anthropology with a bioculturalform that has changed in content and expression during cultural evolution. The early phases of this evolution, those bearing the most apparent influences of the environment of evolutionary adaptedness, are reviewed and analyzed in the article. Some of the implications of this for medical anthropology are discussed.
The Ethnoecology of Dengue Fever
Authors: Whiteford Linda M.
Published: November 2004

This article employs an ethnoecological analysis to link indigenous, ethnomedical, and Western biomedical ideas of infectious disease causation/ prevention. The ethnoecological analysis is expanded to include the cultural and historical context of political will and community participation in dengue fever control activities in an urban neighborhood in the Dominican Republic. Findings indicate that a key source of dengue fever transmission has been overlooked because it falls between established gender‐role boundaries, and that mala union, an explanatory concept central to the failure of previous community‐based interventions, emerges from local views of national political history. Data were generated through a neighborhood household survey, key respondent interviews, and participant‐observation. [Ethnoecology, Caribbean, gender roles, dengue fever, Dominican Republic]
Three Voices in a Norwegian Living Room: An Encounter from Physiotherapy Practice
Authors: Thornquist Eline
Published: November 2004

This article demonstrates how uses of the body regulate togetherness and availability in clinical encounters. A first encounter between a physiotherapist and a married couple in their home is analyzed. The husband suffers from functional consequences of a stroke. The therapist's job is to assess his functional capacity and determine how he can best be helped. The article centers on the process of interaction, specifically on verbal and bodily actions pertaining to developing role negotiations. Comprehensive excerpts demonstrate that a struggle is going on between the husband and his wife over the management of information about his condition. This imposes dilemmas of control and caring on the therapist. The article describes the maneuvering of the parties and shows how the therapist manages her professional tasks. Emphasis is placed on the particular predicaments that a clinical encounter can generate in a private residence, and on how clinical tasks are embedded in social processes. Finally, the article questions the (often tacit) analytical assumption that "interaction" and "diagnostics" are separate phenomena, and shows how the understanding of both can be advanced if seen as mutually constitutive processes, [clinical encounters, communication, embodiment, physiotherapy, visiting practice]
In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio
Authors: Clatts Michael C.
Published: November 2004

In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Philippe Bourgois. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995 (cloth), xii. 392 pp.
Many Mirrors: Body Image and Social Relations and Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji
Authors: Harthorn Barbara Herr
Published: November 2004

Many Mirrors: Body Image and Social Relations. Nicole Sault. ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press,1994(cloth and paper), xvi. 346 pp.

Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji. Anne E. Becker. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995(cloth and paper), xvi. 206 pp.
Disability and Culture
Authors: Kaufert Joseph M.
Published: November 2004

Disability and Culture. Benedicte Ingstad and Susan Reynolds Whyte. eds. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995 (cloth and paper),. + 307 pp.
Signifying the Pandemics: Metaphors of AIDS, Cancer, and Heart Disease
Authors: Weiss Meira
Published: November 2004

This article offers a symbolic analysis of the cultural construction and signification of three of the major "pandemics" of the late 20th century: AIDS, cancer, and heart disease. It is based on unstructured interviews conducted in Israel between 1993–94 with 75 nurses and 40 physicians and between 1993–95 with 60 university students. Two key symbols, "pollution" and "transformation" are shown to constitute AIDS and cancer within a symbolic space that I suggest is "beyond culture" where body boundaries are dissolved and cultural categories are dismantled. Heart disease, in contrast, is metaphorized as a defect in the "body machinery.” The article concludes by arguing that heart attack is depicted as the pathology of the Fordist, modernist body, while AIDS/cancer are pathologies of the postmodern body in late capitalism. [AIDS, cancer, heart disease, semiotics, metaphorization]
Conjuring Medical Science: The 1986 Referendum on AIDS/HIV Policy in California
Authors: Toumey Christopher P.
Published: November 2004

Medical science occupies a peculiar status in American life. On the one hand, people often view medical science as a privileged and authoritative body of knowledge that transcends other kinds of knowledge. On the other handy medical–scientific authority can be easily conjured from the popular symbols of science, e.g., credentials, technical terms, and white lab coats. This problem can be converted into an anthropological question of meanings and symbols, based on Geertz's interpretive anthropology and Baudrillard' s sociology of hyperreality. This article uses these frameworks to explore the cultural construction of medical‐scientific authority in the case of a 1986 referendum on AIDS/HIV policy in California. The interpretation of that construction raises some difficult problems concerning anthropology's treatment of medical science. [AIDS, HIV, cultural construction of science, anthropology of science, hermeneutics of science]
Medical Ethnobiology of the Highland Maya of Chiapas, Mexico: The Gastrointestinal Diseases. and Healing with Plants in the American and Mexican West
Authors: Heinrich Michael
Published: November 2004

Medical Ethnobiology of the Highland Maya of Chiapas, Mexico: The Gastrointestinal Diseases. Elois Ann Berlin and Brent Berlin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996 (cloth). xxxii. 557 pp.

Healing with Plants in the American and Mexican West. Margarita Artschwager Kay. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996 (paper). xvii. 315 pp.
In Search of the Good: Narrative Reasoning in Clinical Practice
Authors: Mattingly Cheryl
Published: November 2004

Based on ethnographic work among North American occupational therapists, I compare two forms of everyday clinical talk. One, ''chart talk," conforms to normative conceptions of clinical rationality. The second, storytelling, permeates clinical discussions but has no formal status as a vehicle for clinical reasoning. I argue that both modes of discourse provide avenues for reasoning about clinical problems. However, these discourses construct very different clinical objects and different phenomena to reason about. Further, the clinical problems created through storytelling point toward a more radically distinct conception of rationality than the one underlying biomedicine as it is formally conceived. Clinical storytelling is more usefully understood as a mode of Aristotle's "practical rationality" than the technical rationality of modern (enlightenment) conceptions of reasoning, [narrative, practical reasoning, clinical reasoning, ethics]
On the Rationality of Decision‐Making Studies: Part 1: Decision Models of Treatment Choice
Authors: Garro Linda C.
Published: November 2004

With reference to both critiques and empirical studies, the theoretical and methodological grounding of anthropological research on medical decision making is examined in this article, giving particular attention to the construction and evaluation of cognitively oriented decision models. A decisionmodeling study carried out in the Mexican village of Pichátaro (in conjunction with James C. Young) frames an exploration of some of the tensions and points of contention about the aims and designs of cognitively oriented studies of decision modeling. While a decision model can provide a reasonably good guide to an understanding of treatment actions and the culturally based rationality that underlies them, such models fall short when they are oriented primarily around predicting treatment accounts. They should also attend to the jointly cultural, personal, social, and cognitive constructive processes through which meaning is conferred upon the occurrence of illness, [care seeking, decision models, decision making, Mexico]
On the Rationality of Decision‐Making Studies: Part 2: Divergent Rationalities
Authors: Garro Linda C.
Published: November 2004

A study of treatment decision making in an Anishinaabe community in Manitoba, Canada was designed to be comparable with an earlier project carried out in a Mexican town. One objective was to compare the resulting decision models. For both communities, a decision‐making perspective was compatible with how individuals talked about actions taken in response to illness, and it proved to be a useful means for learning about the process of seeking care. At the same time, a decision‐modeling approach is better suited to explaining treatment actions taken in the Mexican community than in the Anishinaabe community. I suggest that this finding reflects the variable potentiality, in the Anishinaabe community, for affliction and its treatment to be constructed within a cultural framework in which the underlying assumptions differ from those implicit in studies of decision modeling, [care seeking, decision models, decision making, Anishinaabe]
Repairing Broken Rules: Care‐Seeking Narratives for Menstrual Problems in Rural Mali
Authors: Slobin Kathleen
Published: November 2004

Narratives play an important role in the organization of therapeutic action in rural Mali. This article provides structural and interpretive analyses of a young, French‐speaking Dogon woman's accounts of her efforts to manage her menstrual bleeding and threatened infertility. Through her personal narratives she creates social arenas to recruit support, negotiate changes in her family relationships, and enhance her standing as a member of the community. Beginning with the accounts of her fear and helplessness, the narrator integrates past events into her unfolding present and achieves a meaningful resolution of her problem. Her narratives weave together encounters with family members, friends, and healers to describe a therapeutic itinerary that acquires significance as a transformative experience, [narrative, therapeutic action, medical pluralism, menstruation, Dogon, Mali]
A Discourse of Relationships in Bioethics: Patient Autonomy and End‐of‐Life Decision Making among Elderly Korean Americans
Authors: Frank Gelya , Blackhall Leslie J. , Michel Vicki , Murphy Sheila T. , Azen Stanley P. , Park Kyeyoung
Published: November 2004

A two‐year, multidisciplinary study (N = 800) was conducted on attitudes about end‐of‐life decision making among elderly individuals in four ethnic groups (African American, European American, Korean American, and Mexican American). On a quantitative survey, Korean Americans reported negative attitudes about the use of life‐sustaining technology for themselves but positive attitudes about its use in general. This article reports on an interview with a 79‐year‐old typical Korean American respondent to explain the contradiction in the survey data. Expectations among elderly Korean Americans include protecting family members with a life‐threatening illness from being informed of their diagnosis and prognosis, and doing everything to keep them alive. Two conclusions, one substantive and the other methodological, are drawn: First, the bioethics discourse on individual rights (patientautonomy) is insufficient to explain the preferences of many Korean Americans and must be supplemented with a discourse on relationships. Second, the rigorous use of qualitative, narrative methods clarifies quantitative data and should not be dismissed as “anecdotal.” fbioethics, endoflife decision making, ethnicity, Asian Americans, qualitative methods, narrative]
The Gamesmanship of Sex: A Model Based on African American Adolescent Accounts
Authors: Eyre Stephen L. , Hoffman Valerie , Millstein Susan G.
Published: November 2004

This article examines adolescent understanding of the social context of sexual behavior. Using grounded theory to interpret interviews with 39 African American male and female adolescents, the article builds a model of sex‐related behavior as a set of interrelated games. A courtship game involves communication of sexual or romantic interest and, over time, formation of a romantic relationship. A duplicity game draws on conventions of a courtship game to trick a partner into having sex. A disclosure game spreads stories about one's own and others' sex‐related activities to peers in a gossip network. Finally, a prestige game builds social reputation in the eyes of peers, typically based on gender‐specific standards. The article concludes by examining the meanings that sex‐related behavior may have for adolescents and the potential use of social know ledge for facilitating adolescent health, [adolescence, sexuality, African American, game theory, health promotion]
Measles, Hmong, and Metaphor: Culture Change and Illness Management under Conditions of Immigration
Authors: Henry Rebecca R.
Published: November 2004

When 19 Hmong families and three healers in St. Paul, Minnesota, were interviewed regarding their understanding of measles and the ways in which they cared for children with the disease, their responses spanned the range between Hmong animistic cosmology and Western theories of disease. The metaphors of growth that were used to describe the disease link language, cosmology, causation, body processes, and illness management practices. This study discusses the themes of cyclical time, diseasecausing spirits, the natural/supernatural dichotomy, and agricultural metaphors as applied to disease, as well as the growing adaptation to, use of, and interpretation of Western medicine by these immigrants. [Hmong, measles, metaphor, animistic cosmology, cultural adaptation]
Disrupted Lives: How People Create Meaning in a Chaotic World and Questioning Misfortune: The Pragmatics of Uncertainty in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Howard Mary
Published: November 2004

Disrupted Lives: How People Create Meaning in. Chaotic World. Gay Becker. Berkeley: University of California Press,1997.xii. 264pp.

Questioning Misfortune: The Pragmatics of Uncertainty in Eastern Uganda. Susan Reynolds Whyte. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. xiv. 258 pp.
The Cultural Context of Health, Illness, and Medicine/The Anthropology of Medicine: From Culture to Method. 3rd ed
Authors: McLean Athena
Published: November 2004

The Cultural Context of Health, Illness, and Medicine. Martha O. Loustaunau and Elisa J. Sobo. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1997. viii. 221 pp.

The Anthropology of Medicine: From Culture to Method. 3rd ed. Lola Romanucci–Ross. Daniel E. Moerman. and Laurence R. Tancredi. eds. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1997. xiv. 400 pp.
Concepts of Illness and Treatment Practice in a Caboclo Community of the Lower Amazon
Authors: Reeve Mary‐Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Comparatively little has been written recently about the health consequences of social change and economic development in Amazonia. This study focuses on patterns of morbidity, treatment practices, and illness beliefs among caboclos of the Lower Amazon. It suggests that for these people traditional medicine is a salient marker of ethnic identity. An understanding of beliefs concerning disease etiology is critical to an appreciation of individual treatment choices in a plural medical system such as that found within the Lower Amazon region, where traditional healers can play a pivotal role in developing effective linkages to clinical services, [traditional healers, Amazonia, caboclos, medical pluralism]
Sterilizing Vaccines or the Politics of the Womb: Retrospective Study of a Rumor in Cameroon
Authors: Feldman‐Savelsberg Pamela , Ndonko Flavien T. , Schmidt‐Ehry Bergis
Published: November 2004

In 1990 a rumor that public health workers were administering a vaccine to sterilize girls and women spread throughout Cameroon. Schoolgirls leapt from windows to escape the vaccination teams, and the vaccination campaign (part of the Year of Universal Child Immunization) was aborted. This article traces the origin and development of this rumor. Theories of rumor and ambiguous cultural response to new technologies shed some light on its genesis and spread, but explain neither its timing nor its content. For this task we need to examine the historical context of Cameroonian experience with colonial vaccination campaigns and the contemporary contexts of the turmoil of democratization movements and economic crisis, concurrent changes in contraceptive policy, and regional mistrust of the state and its "hegemonic project.” Drawing on Bay art's politique du ventre and White's thoughts on gossip, we explore this rumor as diagnostic of local response to global and national projects. This response, expressed in this case through the idiom of threats to local reproductive capacity, reveals a feminine side to local‐global relations, a politics of the womb, [rumor, immunization, public health, Cameroon, fertility]
Caretakers, Child Care Practices, and Growth Failure in Highland Ecuador
Authors: Stansbury James P. , Leonard William R. , Dewalt Kathleen M.
Published: November 2004

Problems for child health have been attributed to child and sibling caretaking. Nevertheless, our data from highland Ecuador suggest an ambiguous relationship between growth failure and the practice of peer care. In a region where levels of chronic undernutrition as measured by stunting exceed 75 percent and fully one‐quarter of children under five are underweight, analysis of structured observations of a sample of 28 children reveals no statistical association between growth indices and the practice of older children caring for younger children. Qualitative data, however, indicate that the practice can be a complication in specific cases where children already suffer compromised health. While the advantages or disadvantages associated with particular caretakers appear secondary to the risks attending inadequate diets or the broader environment of rural poverty, the potential for difficulties to emerge from peer care suggests that community day care provides a valuable alternative in this context, [child care, child growth, nutrition policy, health, Ecuador]
Negotiating Cultural Consensus in a Breast Cancer Self‐Help Group
Authors: Mathews Holly F.
Published: November 2004

This article describes a shared model of the breast cancer experience negotiated by the members of a spontaneously organized breast cancer self‐help group in eastern North Carolina. In the course of sharing their personal experience narratives with one another, these women worked to negotiate points of agreement among the varying sources of knowledge and oftentimes conflicting belief systems they held about breast cancer. The synthetic model they created rejected many of the assumptions underlying the dominant biomedical view of cancer "survivorship,” particularly its emphasis on the autonomous individual as decision maker and its attendant male‐gendered sports and military imagery—assumptions that often implicitly structured the agendas and topics discussed in the formal, medically sanctioned support groups these women found unappealing. The implications for theories about the construction of shared cultural models and for continuing efforts to design support groups to meet the needs of a diverse patient population are explored, [breast cancer, cultural models, narrative, support groups]
Notes on the Plague Years: AIDS in Marseilles, Putting Risk in Perspective: Black Teenage Lives in the Era of AIDS, The AIDS Crisis: A Documentary History, and Global Responses to AIDS: Science in Emergency
Authors: Singer Merrill
Published: November 2004

Notes on the Plague Years: AIDS in Marseilles. Bernard Paillard (Berkeley Frank, trans.). New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998. xxx. 293 pp.

Putting Risk in Perspective: Black Teenage Lives in the Era of AIDS. Renée T. White. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999. xii. 215 pp.

The AIDS Crisis:. Documentary History. Douglas A. Feldman and Julia Wang Miller. eds. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. xlii. 266 pp.

Global Responses to AIDS: Science in Emergency. Cristiana Bastos. Bloomington: Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. xx. 225 pp.
The Efficacy of Traditional Medicine: Current Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Authors: Waldram James B.
Published: November 2004

The efficacy of traditional medicine is an issue that continues to vex medical anthropology. This article critically examines how the efficacy of traditional medicine has been conceived, operationalized, and studied and argues that a consensus remains elusive. Efficacy must be seen as fluid and shifting, the product of a negotiated, but not necessarily shared, understanding by those involved in the sickness episode, including physicians/healers, patients, and members of the community. Medical anthropology needs to return to the field to gather more data on indigenous understandings of efficacy to counteract the biases inherent in the utilization of biomedical understandings and methods characteristic of much previous work, [traditional medicine, efficacy, indigenous peoples, Native Americans]
From Illness Narratives to Social Commentary: A Pirandellian Approach to “Nerves”
Authors: Migliore Sam
Published: November 2004

The concept of “nerves” is an integral component of the language of distress found in a number of societies. Individuals, however, often extend its meaning well beyond the realm of suffering. In this article, I examine some Sicilian‐Canadian uses of “nerves” from a Pirandellian perspective.

This, I believe, gives us an insight into how people (I) make use of illness narratives to give meaning to their life experiences, and (2) attempt to influence the thought and behavior of significant others. In the process, /address the question how do we move away from anthropological definitions and explanations that tend to simplify or mask some of the rich complexities surrounding the meaning(s) of “folk” concepts? [ambiguity, illness narratives, language of distress, “nerves,” rhetoric, Sicilian Canadians]
Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor
Authors: Baer Hans A.
Published: November 2004

Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor. Jim Young Kim. Joyce V. Millen. Alec Irwin. and John Gershaman. eds. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2000. xix. 584 pp.
Suffering from Water: Social Origins of Bodily Distress in a Mexican Community
Authors: Ennis‐McMillan Michael C.
Published: November 2004

This article is an ethnographic analysis of what it means to "suffer from water." Using a critical medical anthropology approach, the study examines how residents living in a foothill community of the Valley of Mexico experience bodily distress associated with water scarcity. Data for the study come from participant‐observation of domestic water use and community drinking water management as well as interviews with local civil and religious officials who monitor the water distribution system. While the community discourse on suffering from water does not correspond to biomedical categories of illness, it does speak to the physical and emotional hardships and the social conditions that limit residents' access to an adequate supply of domestic water. By taking a broad view of waterrelated suffering, the study reveals some of the efforts made by people to address what they consider to be the social origins of their bodily distress. [critical medical anthropology, drinking water, social suffering, gender and health, Latin America]
White Saris and Sweet Mangoes: Aging, Gender, and the Body in North India
Authors: Pugh Judy F.
Published: November 2004

White Saris and Sweet Mangoes: Aging, Gender, and the Body in North India. Sarah Lamb. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xvii. 306 pp.
Revisioning Women, Health, and Healing: Feminist, Cultural, and Technoscience Perspectives
Authors: Taylor Janelle S.
Published: November 2004

Revisioning Women, Health, and Healing: Feminist, Cultural, and Technoscience Perspectives. Adele E. Clarke and Virginia L. Olesen. eds. New York and London: Routledge, 1999. + 374 pp.
Genes, Women, Equality
Authors: Handwerker Lisa
Published: November 2004

Genes, Women, Equality. Mary Briody Mahowald. New York: Oxford University Press,1999.xvii+314pp.
Medical Anthropology: Toward a Third Moment in Social Science?
Authors: Dressler William W.
Published: November 2004

This article about medical anthropology was inspired by the work of Pierre Bourdieu, specifically, his efforts to reconcile the antinomy of a "social structuralist" and a "cultural constructivist" perspective. These perspectives are often opposed in the literature, buty in Bourdieu's view, human life cannot be studied without taking into account both how individuals are situated within and constrained by social structures and how those individuals construct an understanding of and impose meaning on the world around them. I argue that the special subject matter of medical anthropology—human health—demands that a synthetic approach be taken in our theory and research. I illustrate this argument with examples from my own research on social and cultural factors associated with blood pressure, and I point to other examples of this synthesis in medical anthropology. The results of this research hold promise for the continuing refinement of culture theory, [medical anthropology, culture theory, cultural constructivism, blood pressure, social factors]
Gender, Body, Biomedicine: How Some Feminist Concerns Dragged Reproduction to the Center of Social Theory
Authors: Rapp Rayna
Published: November 2004

This article tracks the growth of medical anthropology in the United States in the decades since the 1970s, as it has intersected the expansion of feminist activism and scholarship. I argue that feminist attention to embodied inequalities quickly focused on reproduction as a site of investigation and intervention. Medical anthropology has benefited from feminist concern with stratified reproduction, especially its interrogation of nonnormative and stigmatized fertility and childbearing. When reproduction becomes problematic, it provides a lens through which cultural norms, struggles, and transformations can be viewed. Examples drawn from prenatal diagnosis are particularly revelatory of the diverse interests and stakes we all hold in reproduction, [feminism, stratified reproduction, stigma, genetics]
Negotiating the New Health Care System in Cape Town, South Africa: Five Case Studies of the Acutely Chronically Ill
Authors: Gibson Diana
Published: November 2004

This article examines the experiences of chronically ill disadvantaged patients in a newly reformed health care system against a backdrop of inequalities still prevalent in the wider postapartheid sociopolitical economy of the Western Cape, South Africa. Patients negotiated a hierarchy of spaces at the national level of transformation and policy and at community‐, secondary‐, and tertiary‐level facilities. The institutionalization of patients meant that expensive medical treatment was mobilized in accordance with different stages of illness and that certain services were available only to "qualifying" categories of diagnoses, [health care, chronic illness, transformation, inequalities, political economy, space, time, South Africa]
Virginity Testing: Managing Sexuality in a Maturing HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Leclerc‐Madlala Suzanne
Published: November 2004

KwaZulu‐Natal province in South Africa is currently the site of the world's fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemic, where it is estimated that between 30 and 40 percent of the adult population is seropositive for HIV. With support from local politicians and members of various government ministries, several self‐styled guardians of tradition have emerged to form organizations that advocate and conduct regular virginity testing of girls. Reference to the current HIV/AIDS epidemic is central to calls for greater support of this practice. Drawing on original research among Zuluspeaking people in the periurban communities of Durban, this article examines the sociocultural construction of HIV/AIDS and locates the growing popularity of virginity testing within a gendered meaning‐making process consistent with commonly held beliefs that the epidemic is the result of women being sexually "out of control." With the social impact of AIDS starting to take its toll in the forms of increasing AIDS‐related deaths and a growing population of orphans, I argue that virginity testing is an attempt to manage the epidemic by exerting greater control over women and their sexuality. In addition, virginity testing of girls helps to draw attention away from the role of men in the maturing epidemic, consideration of which has been conspicuously absent in the popular discourse on AIDS at all levels of South African society. [HIV/AIDS, virginity, gender, South Africa]
Doing Science + Culture: How Cultural and Interdisciplinary Studies are Changing the Way We Look at Science and Medicine
Authors: Croissant Jennifer L.
Published: November 2004

Doing Science. Culture: How Cultural and Interdisciplinary Studies are Changing the Way We Look at Science and Medicine. Roddy Reid and Sharon Traweek. eds. New York/London: Routledge, 2000. viii. 339 pp.
Deconstructing Pregnancy: RU486, Seeing "Eggs," and the Ambiguity of Very Early Conceptions
Authors: Gerber Elaine Gale
Published: November 2004

This article deconstructs previous notions of pregnancy. Using empirical data from French women's experience with RU486 for medical abortion, I demonstrate that very early and unwanted conceptions have an ambiguous quality. I illustrate an understanding of pregnancy as a reproductive continuum: these women understand pregnancy to include a stage where "eggs," and not fetuses, are present. I discuss how the use of RU486 creates new ways of knowing about the fetus, and I compare an understanding of the fetus by women using RU486 with previous understandings from ultrasound images, in utero photography, and the imagination. I demonstrate that women's embodied knowledge can expand the parameters of fetal discourse. [RU486, fetal discourse, embodied knowledge, abortion, reproductive technology]