bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writing as righting: Truth and reconciliation, poetics, and new geo‐graphing in colonial Canada
Authors: de Leeuw Sarah
Published: August 2017

This paper is anchored in two recent and concurrent openings, openings that offer opportunities for geographers to consider new modes of engaging colonial violence. The first opening is the release, in Canada, of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's final report and calls to action. By demanding new types of settler‐subject attention to Indigenous peoples and places, it opens new spaces for extending reflection about anti‐Indigenous racism and colonial violence in Canadian consciousness. The second opening is geography's growing uptake of creative and humanities‐informed theories and practices. These manifest in new knowledges and practices with consequent possibilities for addressing colonial violence. I consider these two openings first by proposing changes to conversations about settler‐normalized violences lived by Indigenous peoples, and, second by engaging poets working to radically re/configure language and written expression. Specifically, the paper ends with a call for geographers—particularly non‐Indigenous settler geographers—to rethink ways (and forms) by which we produce knowledge, especially about colonialism and Indigenous geographies and especially in and through writing practices. The paper is experimental in form, meant to disrupt easy uptake or digestion of ideas that must remain—for settler subjects—fundamentally ragged, upsetting, and always beyond conclusion, coherence, or closure.
B cell phenotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis relapsing after rituximab: expression of B cell-activating factor-binding receptors on B cell subsets
Authors: Becerra E , De La Torre I , Leandro M J , Cambridge G
Published: August 2017

Serum levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) rise following rituximab (RTX) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Initiation of naive B cell return to the periphery and autoreactive B cell expansion leading to relapse after RTX may therefore be linked to interactions between BAFF and BAFF-binding receptors (BBR). Relationships between serum BAFF and BBR expression [(BAFFR, calcium signal modulating cyclophilic ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)] were determined on B cell subsets, defined using immunoglobulin (Ig)D/CD38. Twenty pre-RTX and 18 RA patients relapsing after B cell depletion were included. Results were analysed with respect to timing of relapse up to 7 months after peripheral B cell return (≥ 5 B cells/μl) and to serum BAFF levels. After B cell return, B cell populations from relapsing patients had significantly lower BAFFR+ expression compared to HC and pre-RTX patients. The percentage of BAFFR+ B cells increased with time after B cell return and was correlated inversely with serum BAFF levels. BAFFR expression remained reduced. The percentage of TACI+ memory B cells were lower in RA patients after RTX compared with healthy controls (HC). BCMA expression (% and expression) did not differ between patients and HC. Relapse following B cell return appeared largely independent of the percentage of BAFFR+ or percentage of BCMA+ B cells or serum BAFF levels. The lower percentage of TACI+ memory B cells may reduce inhibitory signalling for B cell differentiation. In patients relapsing at longer periods after B cell return, recovery of the B cell pool was more complete, suggesting that selection or expansion of autoreactive B cells may be needed to precipitate relapse.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 serum activity and concentration are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Blauschmidt Sindy , Greither Thomas , Lampe Katharina , Köller Solveig , Kaltwaßer Petra , Behre Hermann M.
Published: August 2017

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disease, the aetiology of which is not well understood. Alterations in potential candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens, folliculogenesis and insulin and glucose metabolism have been suggested as possible aetiologies. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) plays a key role in glucose homoeostasis and, thus, in the regulation of insulin secretion. The aim of our study was to analyse the DPP4 activity and concentrations in the serum of PCOS and non‐PCOS patients and, additionally, study the activation of the DPP4 promoter by androgens in vitro.

Design, Patients and Measurements

Serum samples were obtained from 288 female patients treated at the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology (154 non‐PCOS and 134 patients with PCOS). DPP4 activity was measured by the conversion of the DPP4 substrate Gly‐Pro p‐nitroanilide hydrochloride and DPP4 concentration with a commercial ELISA. Luciferase reporter assays, qPCR and Western Blot analyses were performed for the in vitro evaluation of the activation of the DPP4 promoter by androgens.

Results

DPP4 serum activity was increased in women with PCOS, regardless of which Rotterdam criteria led to the PCOS diagnosis. Furthermore, DPP4 serum levels were strongly correlated with the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum level. In vitro, the DPP4 promoter was stimulated by androgens in luciferase reporter assays, and DPP4 mRNA expression was increased in KGN granulosa carcinoma cells after androgen treatment.

Conclusions

The results suggested that a deregulation of DPP4 serum levels could be an additional characteristic of the metabolic imbalances associated with PCOS.
DO STATE EMPLOYMENT ELIGIBILITY VERIFICATION LAWS AFFECT JOB TURNOVER?
Authors: Orrenius Pia M. , Zavodny Madeline , Gutierrez Emily
Published: August 2017

State laws requiring employers to verify workers' employment eligibility may reduce employment and earnings among unauthorized workers and make it difficult for them to switch jobs. Using data from the 2005–2014 Quarterly Workforce Indicators, we find evidence of a reduction in employment and job turnover among Hispanics as a whole in states that require all employers to verify employment eligibility. These adverse effects become larger as the share of likely unauthorized Hispanic workers falls. The drop in job turnover may be due to the laws trapping some Hispanic workers in their jobs. There is little effect on employment or job turnover among non‐Hispanic whites or blacks. There is no effect on average pay for all groups of workers. (JEL J15, J61, J68)
Epithelioid malignant mesothelioma metastatic to the skin: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ward Rachel Elizabeth , Ali Stefanie Ann , Kuhar Matthew
Published: August 2017

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and invasive neoplasm primarily affecting the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. While mesothelioma commonly metastasizes to visceral organs, it has rarely been documented to involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue. There is a paucity of reports of cutaneous metastatic mesothelioma, and histologic examination is often challenging because the tumor closely mimics other primary and metastatic neoplasms. We report a case of a 75‐year‐old man presenting with a firm, hard nodule on his upper back, which on initial histologic evaluation resembled metastatic adenocarcinoma. However, upon review of his medical history and immunohistochemical evaluation of the lesion, the diagnosis of epithelioid MM metastatic to the skin was rendered. The purpose of this case report and review of the literature is to summarize the most effective available immunostains to aid in the diagnosis of this challenging entity, highlight the histologic similarities between metastatic epithelioid MM and other primary and metastatic neoplasms of the skin, and provide prognostic information for these rare tumors.
Positron emission tomography imaging in gliomas: applications in clinical diagnosis, for assessment of prognosis and of treatment effects, and for detection of recurrences
Authors: Heiss W.‐D.
Published: August 2017

Neuroimaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis of intracranial tumours, especially brain gliomas, and must consist of an assessment of location and extent of the tumour and of its biological activity. Therefore, morphological imaging modalities and functional, metabolic or molecular imaging modalities should be combined for primary diagnosis and for following the course and evaluating therapeutic effects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for providing detailed morphological information and can supply some additional insights into metabolism (MR spectroscopy) and perfusion (perfusion‐weighted imaging) but still has limitations in identifying tumour grade, invasive growth into neighbouring tissue and treatment‐induced changes, as well as recurrences. These insights can be obtained by various positron emission tomography (PET) modalities, including imaging of glucose metabolism, amino acid uptake and nucleoside uptake. Diagnostic accuracy can benefit from coregistration of PET results and MRI, combining high‐resolution morphological images with biological information. These procedures are optimized by the newly developed combination of PET and MRI modalities, permitting the simultaneous assessment of morphological, functional, metabolic and molecular information on the human brain.
Progression of retinal ganglion cell loss in multiple sclerosis is associated with new lesions in the optic radiations
Authors: Klistorner A. , Graham E. C. , Yiannikas C. , Barnett M. , Parratt J. , Garrick R. , Wang C. , You Y. , Graham S. L.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose

The mechanism of retinal ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber layer loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between temporal retinal nerve fiber layer (tRNFL) thinning and disease activity in the brain determined by T2 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Fifty‐five consecutive patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 25 controls were enrolled. All patients underwent annual optical coherence tomography and high‐resolution MRI scans for tRNFL thickness and brain lesion volume analysis, respectively.

Results

Significant tRNFL thickness reduction was observed over the 3‐year follow‐up period at a relatively constant rate (1.02 μm/year). Thinning of tRNFL fibers was more prominent in younger patients (P = 0.01). The tRNFL loss was associated with new MRI lesions in the optic radiations (ORs). There was significantly greater tRNFL thinning in patients with new lesional activity in the ORs compared with patients with new lesions outside the ORs (P = 0.009).

Conclusions

This study supports the notion that retrograde transneuronal degeneration caused by OR lesions might play a role in progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss. In addition, the results of the study also indicate that the disease‐related neurodegenerative changes in the retina start much earlier than the clinical diagnosis of MS.
Assessing the Validity of ACTFL Can‐Do Statements for Spoken Proficiency: A Rasch Analysis
Authors: Tigchelaar Magda , Bowles Ryan P. , Winke Paula , Gass Susan
Published: August 2017

The NCSSFL‐ACTFL Can‐Do Statements describe what language learners can do at the various ACTFL proficiency sublevels. Unlike the European equivalent of the Can‐Do Statements (the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), few researchers have assessed the construct validity of the NCSSFL‐ACTFL statements. Concerns have included whether the difficulty levels of the skills described in the statements match the statements’ assigned proficiency levels and whether each statement accurately indicates the underlying construct: language proficiency on the ACTFL subscales. This study addressed those two concerns. Undergraduate Spanish learners at an American university (N = 382) self‐assessed their speaking proficiency by responding to a selection of 50 NCSSFL‐ACTFL Can‐Do Statements. A Rasch analysis revealed 15 misfitting items that did not fit the model. The suspected reasons for the misfit were that the statements were vague, described experiences that the learners may not have had, or assessed multiple skills in a single statement. However, 35 statements fit the model. Discussed are how the NCSSFL‐ACTFL Can‐Do Statements can be used to self‐assess proficiency and how the statements should be assessed for content validity and psychometric value.
Upfront immunohistochemistry improves specificity of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis. A French pathology laboratory point of view
Authors: Ginestet Florent , Guibourg Briac , Doucet Laurent , Théreaux Jérémie , Robaszkiewicz Michel , Marcorelles Pascale , Uguen Arnaud
Published: August 2017

Background

There is no consensus about the histopathologic methods to detect Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies to date. We aimed to question about the value of upfront anti‐H. pylori immunohistochemistry in this field.

Material and Methods

We led a retrospective study about the rate of H. pylori‐positive gastric biopsies before and after the implementation of upfront immunohistochemistry, the inter‐rater and intermethods agreements in H. pylori identification about Hematoxylin‐Eosin Saffron (HES), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry stains and the histopathologic features associated with low amounts of H. pylori.

Results

First, the rate of H. pylori‐positive gastric biopsies significantly diminished after the implementation of upfront immunohistochemistry (from 21.15% to 12.56%, P<.0001), suggesting potential overdiagnosis of H. pylori infection before the use of immunohistochemistry. Secondly, immunohistochemistry was the most reproducible and performing stain (kappa values >0.80), but HES and Giemsa stains also presented good‐to‐very good agreements. Finally, less than 1% of gastric biopsies with inconspicuous H. pylori infection showed no mucosal injury pointing out that any HES‐detected mucosal injury could help to preselect the gastric biopsies requiring ancillary stains for the detection of H. pylori.

Conclusions

Albeit being considered as a gold standard in the detection of H. pylori, the interest of using immunohistochemistry as an upfront stain on gastric biopsies is still debated. In our opinion, its use in second line in case of ambiguous HE/HES‐Giemsa result is more appropriate. Further effort is needed to optimize the inexpensive but feasible HE/HES‐based detection of H. pylori.
The regulation of regulation: interleukin‐10 increases CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells but impairs their immunosuppressive activity in murine models with schistosomiasis japonica or asthma
Authors: He Lei , Zhou Sha , Qi Qianqian , Chi Ying , Zhu Jifeng , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Xuefeng , Hoellwarth Jason , Liu Feng , Chen Xiaojun , Su Chuan
Published: August 2017

CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), a cytokine with anti‐inflammatory capacities, also has a critical role in controlling immune responses. In addition, it is well known that production of IL‐10 is one of the suppression mechanisms of Treg cells. However, the action of IL‐10 on Treg cells themselves remains insufficiently understood. In this study, by using a Schistosoma japonicum‐infected murine model, we show that the elevated IL‐10 contributed to Treg cell induction but impaired their immunosuppressive function. Our investigations further suggest that this may relate to the up‐regulation of serum transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) level but the decrease in membrane‐bound TGF‐β of Treg cells by IL‐10 during S. japonicum infection. In addition, similar IL‐10‐mediated regulation on Treg cells was also confirmed in the murine model of asthma. In general, our findings identify a previously unrecognized opposing regulation of IL‐10 on Treg cells and provide a deep insight into the precise regulation in immune responses.
Identifying conceptualizations and theories of change embedded in interventions to facilitate community participation for people with intellectual disability: A scoping review
Authors: Bigby Christine , Anderson Sian , Cameron Nadine
Published: August 2017

Background

Little progress has been made towards community participation of people with intellectual disability despite it being a policy aim since the 1980s. We aimed to identify the features of programmes designed to support community participation.

Method

A scoping review was conducted of peer‐reviewed literature between 2000 and 2015, about interventions to support community participation for adults with intellectual disability.

Results

A small body of evidence relates to the design and effectiveness of interventions to enhance community participation. Seventeen studies reported programmes reflecting three conceptualizations of community participation (as social relationships, as convivial encounter and as belonging) that used strategies such as active mentoring, facilitative support worker practice and arts‐based programmes.

Conclusions

Studies showed the diverse and person‐centred nature of community participation and demonstrated the need for larger‐scale studies of promising interventions that include details of costs, and strategies to guide implementation of policies to support community participation.
Unknown Intracardiac Electrogram
Authors: Prystowsky Eric N.
Published: August 2017

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Outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia with mechanical hemodynamic support: An analysis of the Medicare database
Authors: Aryana Arash , d'Avila André , Cool Christina L. , Miller Marc A. , Garcia Fermin C. , Supple Gregory E. , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Bunch T. Jared , Bowers Mark R. , O'Neill Padraig Gearoid , Reddy Vivek Y. , Marchlinski Francis E.
Published: August 2017

Introduction

There is a paucity of data in favor of mechanical support during catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). This study investigated the outcomes of VT ablation associated with mechanical support using percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD) versus intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Methods and results

We retrospectively examined the outcomes of patients who underwent VT ablation associated with PVAD versus IABP from 2010 to 2013, captured by the Medicare Inpatient Standard Analytic File database. Data from 345 patients (PVAD = 230, IABP = 115) were examined. On admission, the incidence of heart failure was higher in PVAD (84.3% vs. 73.0%; P = 0.01) with similar rates of renal failure in PVAD versus IABP (33.0% vs. 37.4%; P = 0.42). However, PVAD was associated with reduced in‐hospital cardiogenic shock (9.1% vs. 23.5%; P  <  0.001), renal failure (11.7% vs. 21.7%; P = 0.01), and length of stay (8.4 ± 7.9 vs. 10.6 ± 7.5; P < 0.001), but with greater hospital discharges to home/self‐care (66.0% vs. 51.6%; P = 0.02). Index mortality (6.5% vs. 19.1%; P = 0.001) and mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (18.2% vs. 41.2%; P = 0.03) were significantly lower with PVAD versus IABP. Furthermore, PVAD was associated with lower all‐cause (27.0% vs. 38.7%; P = 0.04) and heart failure‐related (21.4% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.03) 30‐day hospital readmissions, but with similar redo‐VT ablation rates at 1 year (10.2% vs. 14.0%; P = 0.34).

Conclusion

Among the cases captured by the Medicare database, catheter ablation of VT associated with mechanical support using PVAD was associated with reduced in‐hospital cardiogenic shock, renal failure, length of stay, hospital readmissions and mortality, but no difference in redo‐VT ablation at 1 year.
Efficacy and safety of driver‐guided catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramirez F. Daniel , Birnie David H. , Nair Girish M. , Szczotka Agnieszka , Redpath Calum J. , Sadek Mouhannad M. , Nery Pablo B.
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Targeting localized drivers (electrical rotors or focal impulses) during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed as a strategy to improve procedural success. However, the strength and quality of the evidence to support this approach is unclear.

Methods and results

Clinical studies reporting efficacy or safety outcomes of driver‐guided ablation for AF were identified in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Pubmed, and conference abstracts from major scientific meetings. Random‐effects meta‐analysis of efficacy outcomes from controlled studies was performed. Thirty‐one reports from 30 studies were included: two randomized controlled trials, five nonrandomized controlled studies, and 23 uncontrolled studies. In controlled studies, driver‐guided ablation has been associated with higher rates of acute AF termination (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.05; P < 0.001) and increased freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) at ≥1 year (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.70; P = 0.02). Similar rates of procedural complications have been reported between ablation strategies. Overall, current data on driver‐guided ablation are predominantly from nonrandomized studies with considerable heterogeneity in mapping and ablation strategies used and in clinical outcomes reported.

Conclusion

Pooled data on the efficacy of AF driver‐guided catheter ablation suggest increased freedom from AF/AT relative to conventional strategies. However, most studies are nonrandomized and of moderate quality. Though promising data exist, there remains no conclusive evidence for the efficacy of AF driver ablation. Robust data from randomized trials are needed.
The relationship between open versus normal contact point and inter‐proximal papilla dimensions in periodontally healthy young adults: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: de Santana Ronaldo Barcellos , de Miranda Jose Luis Carneiro , de Santana Carolina Miller Mattos
Published: August 2017

Aim

The gingival architecture is determined by the spatial orientation of the gingival zenith (GZ) and the inter‐dental papillae (IP). Among the factors commonly associated with the presence and morphology of the IP, the contact point (CP) and the inter‐dental distance relationships have been considered the most important. The objective of the present controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the role of the CP in determining the clinical and morphometric parameters of the inter‐dental papilla.

Materials and methods

The inter‐dental papillae of sixty patients with unilateral diastemas were evaluated by means of periodontal probing, transgingival probing, the papilla presence index and morphometric measurement with a digital calliper and were analysed with a paired t‐test, with significance set at alpha value of 0.05 or lower.

Results

All the papillae exhibited PPI score = 1. Papillary measurements were significantly increased in the experimental (diastema) group.

Conclusions

In patients with gingival health, the dimensions of the IP are significantly increased in teeth without a contact point in comparison with their contra‐lateral controls with a contact point. The contact point does not determine the presence and size of the inter‐dental papilla, in patients with a healthy gingiva and without periodontal attachment loss.
Cost comparison of prediction‐based decision‐making for periodontally affected molars
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Stolpe Michael , Graetz Christian
Published: August 2017

Aim

Tooth loss prediction could improve decision‐making for periodontally affected molars. We analysed the costs of removing all, none or only those molars predicted to be at‐risk for extraction during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

Methods

This is a model‐based study using a German private payer perspective. Building mainly on cost and effectiveness data from 2039 molars (301 patients) which received long‐term SPT, five (exemplary) prediction/decision strategies were compared: Retaining all molars, removing molars with furcation involvement (FI) ≥ I/ ≥ II/ III, or removing all molars. Each strategy came with different proportions of molars correctly or erroneously (false positively) removed. Retaining as well as removing molars had long‐term cost implications (via SPT or tooth replacement). Using Monte‐Carlo microsimulations, we estimated the lifetime costs of an average population in our cohort and evaluated what accuracy a prediction method needed to have to save costs in different risk groups.

Results

Removing only molars with FI III (1188 Euro) and removing no molars (1195 Euro) were significantly less costly than removing all molars (1454 Euro). Prediction methods needed to be highly specific in most populations to avoid unnecessary tooth loss and the associated high costs.

Conclusions

Removing molars prior to SPT should be decided cautiously.
At least three phenotypes exist among periodontitis patients
Authors: Delatola Chryssa , Loos Bruno G. , Levin Evgeni , Laine Marja L.
Published: August 2017

Aim

To identify phenotypes of periodontitis patients by the use of an unsupervised modelling technique (clustering), based on pre‐treatment radiographic and microbiological characteristics.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included data from 392 untreated periodontitis patients. Co‐regularized spectral clustering algorithm was used to cluster the patients. The resulting clusters were subsequently characterized based on their demographics, radiographic bone loss patterns and microbial data.

Results

The vast majority of patients fitted into one of the three main clusters (accuracy 90%). Cluster A (n = 18) was characterized by high prevalence and high proportions of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a trend for a more localized pattern of alveolar bone loss and young individuals. Clusters B (n = 200) and C (n = 135) differed clearly in disease severity patterns and smoking habits, but not in microbiological characteristics.

Conclusion

On the basis of alveolar bone loss patterns and microbiological data, untreated periodontitis patients can be clustered into at least three phenotypes. These results should be validated in other cohorts, and the clinical utility needs to be explored on the basis of periodontal treatment outcomes and/or disease progression.
Reduction in bacteremia after brushing with a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice—A randomized clinical study
Authors: Sreenivasan Prem K. , Tischio‐Bereski Deborah , Fine Daniel H.
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aims of this study were to; 1) test susceptibility to bacteremia in subjects with moderate gingivitis, and 2) compare the effects of brushing with a fluoride toothpaste (control) as compared to a triclosan/copolymer toothpaste (test) on those susceptible to repeated bacteremia.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and seven adult subjects were tested for repeated bacteremia after eating a hard apple. Twenty‐nine bacteremia positive subjects were enrolled in a double‐blind cross‐over study designed to analyse the effects of a test toothpaste. After random toothpaste assignment, subjects brushed for 21 days. Following a wash‐out period, subjects completed the study with the alternate toothpaste. Statistical analysis compared bacteremia between groups by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

Twenty‐six adult subjects completed the cross‐over study. No statistically significant differences for bacteremia were seen at baseline. Mean bacterial counts at baseline and post‐treatment visits were 45.5 and 10.8 counts versus 48.5 and 38.0 counts, respectively (test vs. control group; significant at p < .05). Significant reductions in blood borne bacteria were seen in the test versus control groups in both cultural and DNA data (p < .05).

Conclusions

Thirty percentage of subjects showed repeated bacteremia. Brushing with a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice demonstrated significant reductions in bacteremia as compared to the control toothpaste.
Virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish
Authors: Emmenegger E J , Biacchesi S , Mérour E , Glenn J A , Palmer A D , Brémont M , Kurath G
Published: August 2017

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) are both rhabdoviruses of fish, listed as notifiable disease agents by the World Organization for Animal Health. Recombinant rhabdoviruses with heterologous gene substitutions have been engineered to study genetic determinants and assess the potential of these recombinant viruses for vaccine development. A recombinant IHNV (rIHNV), containing the full‐length genome of a European IHNV strain, was modified by deleting the glycoprotein (G) gene and replacing it with a European SVCV G‐gene to make the rIHNV‐Gsvcv. The chimeric rIHNV‐Gsvcv level of virulence in rainbow trout, common carp and koi was assessed, and its ability to induce a protective immune response in surviving koi against wild‐type SVCV infection was tested. The rIHNV‐Gsvcv infection of trout led to high mortality, ranging from 78% to 92.5%, after immersion. In contrast, no deaths occurred in juvenile common carp after infection with rIHNV‐Gsvcv by either immersion or intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Similarly, koi infected with rIHNV‐Gsvcv via IP injection had little to no mortality (≤9%). Koi that survived initial infection with a high dose of recombinant virus rIHNV‐Gsvcv were protected against a virulent SVCV challenge resulting in a high relative per cent survival of 82.5%.
What are the dietary treatment research priorities for inflammatory bowel disease? A short report based on a priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance
Authors: Lomer M. C. , Hart A. L. , Verjee A. , Daly A. , Solomon J. , Mclaughlin J.
Published: August 2017

Background

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a multidisciplinary approach comprising medical management and sometimes surgery. Although diet is central to IBD management, the optimal diet for patients with IBD is uncertain. A UK collaborative partnership within the James Lind Alliance was set up between patients, clinicians and other stakeholders to develop research priorities in IBD. The aim of this short report is to provide a comprehensive summary of the research priority findings relating to diet in the treatment of IBD.

Methods

The James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process was used to develop research priorities in IBD. In brief, patients, clinicians and other stakeholders were invited to provide up to five treatment uncertainties in IBD. These uncertainties were collated, revised and ranked, leading to a final top 10 research questions in IBD.

Results

A total of 1671 uncertainties from 531 participants were collected and refined to exclude duplicates leaving 1253 uncertainties. Of these, 348 were categorised as diet‐related and grouped according to topic. There were 206 uncertainties related to how diet can be used to treat IBD or alleviate symptoms. Seventy‐two percent of diet‐related questions came from patients. One broadly diet‐related and two diet‐specific treatment uncertainties were included in the top 10 research priorities for IBD.

Conclusions

Dietary treatment options in the management of IBD are important research priorities. Almost three‐quarters of diet related questions came from patients, who were particularly interested in how diet can impact disease activity and symptom control.
The Process of Intrapartum Care Among Skilled Birth Attendants in the Dominican Republic and Maternal Perceptions of Care During Labor and Birth: A Case Report
Authors: Schindler Peter , Burgos Rosa , Vuong Kimberly , Lerner Hilary Aviela , Evangelista Elsa , Rodriguez Flor Josefina , Peralta Polanco Lourdes , Foster Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The World Health Organization calls for situation analyses of maternity settings globally to improve maternal‐newborn health. This study evaluated the care processes of skilled birth attendants and women's satisfaction with the care in a public hospital in the Dominican Republic. The purpose of the assessment was to establish a baseline to build quality improvements.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods, observational study was conducted by an international team. Eighty‐four participants were included in the Intrapartum Data Set (American College of Nurse‐Midwives), and 55 participants completed the Chilean Maternal Well‐Being Scale. The data set was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Three focus groups were conducted with health providers, and 4 focus groups were conducted with postpartum women. Themes were derived using content analysis.

Results

Nurses were the skilled birth attendants (SBAs) for 54% of women; 46% were attended by either obstetricians or family medicine residents. Ninety‐one percent of newborns with nurse attendants had immediate skin‐to‐skin contact, compared to 79% of newborns with physician attendants. Newborns breastfed within the first hour of life for 67% of the dyads with nurse SBAs, whereas 24% of newborns attended by physicians did so. The well‐being survey indicated most women perceived care was adequate or better, irrespective of attending provider. Nevertheless, 67% of rural women perceived care negatively. Qualitative findings indicated that some women felt neither respected nor heard.

Discussion

When nurses managed the labor and birth, their care was comparable to that of physicians. Moreover, women were more likely to receive evidence‐based newborn care, including skin‐to‐skin contact, immediate breastfeeding, and discharge instructions. Qualitative findings highlighted the discrepancy between health care providers’ perception of the care they provided and patients’ perceptions of that care. Reflexive practice and frequent communication with patients about their experience of care should be a part of every practitioner's toolkit, wherever that care is provided.
Oesophageal replacement with stomach: A personal series and review of published experience
Authors: Awad Karim , Jaffray Bruce
Published: August 2017

Aim

To describe the outcomes of oesophageal replacement using stomach in children.

Methods

All children undergoing oesophageal replacement in a regional centre were prospectively recorded in a customised database and subjected to continual follow up. Complications within 30 days were classified as early, and all other complications were classified as late. Outcomes were related to a comprehensive analysis of published experience where studies were classified as having long‐term follow up if the median duration exceeded 5 years.

Results

Ten children underwent oesophageal replacement using the stomach between 1998 and 2016. Indications were oesophageal atresia (6), caustic ingestion (2), foreign body ingestion (1) and oesophageal hamartoma (1). Two children died at 2 and 7 months after gastric transposition. All survivors are under review, with a median follow up of 8.5 years (range 3–14 years).

Complications occurred in every case. Among survivors, three had early complications and eight had late complications. Early complications included anastomotic leak (2) and lung compression by stomach (1). Late complications were anaemia (8), anastomotic stricture (7), oesophagitis (5), dumping syndrome (2), perforation of a jejunostomy (1), para‐gastric hiatal hernia (1), gastric outlet obstruction (1), Barrett's oesophagus (1), prolonged inability to swallow (1) and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (1). Among 57 publications, only three achieved complete long‐term follow up. The incidence of reported complications was higher when follow up was complete.

Conclusions

Oesophageal replacement by gastric transposition in children leads to serious chronic morbidity. Published experience masks this because of incomplete and short follow up.
The effects of one versus two episodically oriented practice narratives on children's reports of a repeated event
Authors: Danby Meaghan C. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Sharman Stefanie J. , Powell Martine B.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Previous research has found that children's reports of repeated events can be influenced by the presence and type of narrative practice in which they engage immediately prior to substantive recall. In particular, children's reports have been shown to benefit from practice providing narratives about an autobiographical repeated event. A gap remains, however, with regard to understanding whether practice narrating one episode of a repeated event encourages children to think about unique features of specific episodes, or whether practice of two episodes is required. The current study addressed this gap.

Methods

Five‐ to nine‐year‐olds (N = 167) experienced four classroom activity sessions and were later interviewed. Children provided a practice narrative about either one or two episodes of an autobiographical repeated event prior to discussing individual episodes of the activities.

Results

Older children recalled more details from the activities when they had practised recalling two episodes compared to one episode. Younger children did not benefit from the second episodic practice. Many similarities were observed across conditions for children of all ages.

Conclusions

Older children were likely receptive to the subtle differences between conditions because of their advanced cognitive abilities. Interviewers may assist older children to recall a larger amount of information if they first provide practice recalling two episodes of an autobiographical repeated event. However, a practice narrative about one episode may be sufficient to assist many children should two‐episode practice be unfeasible or interviewees are too young to benefit from recall of a second episode.
A functional imaging study of germinating oilseed rape seed
Authors: Munz Eberhard , Rolletschek Hardy , Oeltze‐Jafra Steffen , Fuchs Johannes , Guendel André , Neuberger Thomas , Ortleb Stefan , Jakob Peter M. , Borisjuk Ljudmilla
Published: August 2017

Germination, the process whereby a dry, quiescent seed springs to life, has been a focus of plant biologist for many years, yet the early events following water uptake, during which metabolism of the embryo is restarted, remain enigmatic.

Here, the nature of the cues required for this restarting in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed has been investigated. A holistic in vivo approach was designed to display the link between the entry and allocation of water, metabolic events and structural changes occurring during germination. For this, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with Fourier transform infrared microscopy, fluorescence‐based respiration mapping, computer‐aided seed modeling and biochemical tools.

We uncovered an endospermal lipid gap, which channels water to the radicle tip, from whence it is distributed via embryonic vasculature toward cotyledon tissues. The resumption of respiration is initiated first in the endosperm, only later spreading to the embryo. Sugar metabolism and lipid utilization are linked to the spatiotemporal sequence of tissue rehydration.

Together, this imaging study provides insights into the spatial aspects of key events in oilseed rape seeds leading to germination. It demonstrates how seed architecture predetermines the pattern of water intake, which sets the stage for the orchestrated restart of life.
Types of coproduction and differential effects on organizational performance: Evidence from the New York City school system
Authors: Zambrano‐Gutiérrez Julio César , Rutherford Amanda , Nicholson‐Crotty Sean
Published: August 2017

A growing body of literature explores the process of coproduction by citizens and government employees in providing goods and services, yet research that attempts to link coproduction to organizational performance offers contradictory findings. It is possible that these conflicting results are a consequence of trying to compare distinct categories of coproduction. This study identifies types of coproduction, classified by which organizational tasks citizens can influence during stages of policy design and implementation, and tests whether these types have different effects on student proficiency in Mathematics and English Language Arts using data from New York City schools between 2007 and 2009. This study then tests the degree to which different types of coproduction moderate the negative effect of environmental turbulence on performance. Results confirm that types of coproduction have varying effects on organizational performance and can reduce, and even eliminate, the negative effect of a turbulent environment on student outcomes.
A longitudinal analysis of financial loss, anxiety, destructive conflict, and relational maintenance
Authors: MEROLLA ANDY J.
Published: August 2017

This study examined how destructive conflict behavior and relational maintenance behavior are linked to financial loss in adult romantic relationships. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, it was hypothesized that financial loss indirectly (through anxiety) predicts increased destructive conflict behavior and decreased relational maintenance behavior. Across three waves of data, results indicated that financial loss significantly predicted passive‐destructive conflict behavior (i.e., neglect) through anxiety. Financial loss did not, however, directly or indirectly predict active‐destructive conflict behavior (i.e., exit). Financial loss negatively predicted relational maintenance behavior, but that effect was found only from Wave 1 to Wave 2 and was not mediated by anxiety. Overall, results support COR theory and identify some of the specific relational consequences of financial difficulty.
Thermal limits to survival and activity in two life stages of false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Authors: Terblanche John S. , Mitchell Katherine A. , Uys Wilmari , Short Clancy , Boardman Leigh
Published: August 2017

The present study examines life stage‐related variation in the thermal limits to activity and survival in an African pest, the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Thermal tolerance, including the functional activity limits of critical thermal maxima and minima (CTmax and CTmin respectively), upper and lower lethal temperature, and the effect of heat and cold hardening (short‐term acute plasticity), is measured across a diverse range of low or high temperature stress conditions in both larvae and adults. We also report the sum of inducible and cognate forms of the amounts of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as an explanatory variable for changes in thermotolerance. The results show that the larvae have high variability in CTmax and CTmin at different ramping rates and low levels of basal (innate) thermal tolerance. By contrast, the adults show high basal tolerance and overall lower variability in CTmax and CTmin, indicating lower levels of phenotypic plasticity in thermotolerance. HSP70 responses, although variable, do not reflect these tolerance or survival patterns. Larvae survive across a broader range of temperatures, whereas adults remain active across a broader range of temperatures. Life stage‐related variation in thermal tolerance is most pronounced under the slowest (most ecologically‐relevant) ramping rate (0.06 °C min–1) during lower critical thermal limit experiments and least pronounced during upper thermal limit experiments. Thus, the ramping rate can hinder or enhance the detection of stage‐related variation in thermal limits to activity and survival of insects.
Attraction range of a sex pheromone trap for the damson‐hop aphidPhorodon humuli(Hemiptera:Aphididae)
Authors: Campbell Colin A. M. , Hardie Jim , Wadhams Lester J.
Published: August 2017

The attraction range of olfactory response by winged female gynoparae (autumn migrants that give birth to oviparae, the sexual females) and male damson–hop aphidsPhorodon humuli(Schrank) is investigated in field experiments over 2 years by analyzing the spatial patterns of catches in concentric circles of yellow‐painted traps (60 in total) around a central trap releasing the species' sex pheromone, (1RS,7S,7aS)‐nepetalactol. Males are more likely than females to be found in the central trap, with 65.6% of the 1824 males caught there compared with 11.2% of 1346 females. Both morphs are more numerous in traps axial with the mean wind direction and centred on the pheromone‐release trap than at other angles. Males are approximately five‐fold more numerous in traps downwind than at similar distances upwind of the pheromone, showing that its presence stimulates landing. For males, the estimated active space of the lure extends 6 m downwind. Catches of females are equally numerous up and downwind of the pheromone lure because females orienting on the axis of the pheromone source continue to respond to visual cues in their flight path if they overshoot the olfactory one. For females, the active space of a pheromone lure is less than 2 m downwind. It is unimportant for either morph whether the pheromone‐release trap is yellow or transparent. In these experiments, both morphs orient with, track and probably arrive in the pheromone source trap from at least 26 m, the distance to the nearest aphid‐infested hops.
Unfolding the Turbulent Century: A Reconstruction of China's Historical National Accounts, 1840–19121
Authors: Ma Ye , de Jong Herman
Published: August 2017

This paper reconstructs China's economic development between 1840 and 1912 with an estimation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It provides for the first time a time series of GDP (per capita) for the late Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), based on sectoral output and value added, in current as well as in constant prices. The present estimation of per capita GDP in the late Qing period comes out higher than previous estimations, but it still suggests low average levels of Chinese living standards. The economy during the late Qing Empire was characterized by a large and growing agricultural sector and displayed only minor structural changes. Only in the beginning of the twentieth century did the economy start to show signs of growth.
The PICO Game: An Innovative Strategy for Teaching Step 1 in Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Milner Kerry A. , Cosme Sheryl
Published: August 2017

This column shares the best evidence‐based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the learning and implementation of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741-6787
Educational Alignment: Learning – Teaching Approaches as Influencing Factors
Authors: Kulhmann Lüdeke Angelika , Sánchez Zúñiga María Claudia
Published: August 2017

La implementación de innovaciones en programas académicos de medicina requiere evaluar los aspectos que cumplen papeles fundamentales dentro de la compleja relación del sistema estudiante-docente-contexto educativo. El objetivo del artículo es determinar si los objetivos de aprendizaje y las intervenciones educativas concuerdan con el alineamiento educativo. Este se puede evaluar explorando el abordaje del aprendizaje adoptado por los estudiantes (profundo vs. superficial) y el abordaje de enseñanza adoptado por los miembros del cuerpo docente (centrado en estudiantes vs. centrado en docentes). Un alineamiento entre estos factores asegura una mayor calidad del programa educativo, que fomenta el desarrollo de profesionales con capacidad de autoestudio y autorregulación, en busca de aprendizajes significativos continuos a lo largo de la vida. Así mismo, programas en proceso de cambios curriculares deben evaluar estos aspectos que antes no estaban en los currículos tradicionales. 