bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Method of Formation the Reference Signals for Electric Actuators of Manipulators with Redundant Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Filaretov V. F. , Gubankov A. S. , Gornostaev I. V.
Published: February 2022

The solution of task of maintaining the dynamic accuracy of control of working tools of multilink manipulators (MM) when they move along arbitrary spatial trajectories is presented in this paper. In this case, constructive restrictions in all degrees of freedom (DoF) of manipulators and special cases of location of their links are taken into account. In the first part of the paper the features of the new solution to the inverse kinematics problem are considered and special (singular) positions for 6-DoF manipulators with PUMA kinematic schemes are described. These singular positions are characterized by ambiguity in solving inverse kinematics problem of these MM. The presented solution of the inverse kinematics problem takes into account various combinations of generalized coordinates of the MM, which ensure the movement of their working tools to the specified positions with the required spatial orientation. In the second part of the paper a method is considered, which, due to use of an additional (redundant) DoF of the MM, which ensures its movement near work objects, does not allow the manipulator to enter unpredictable in advance singular positions, excludes approaching of working tools to the boundaries of MM working area, as well as some of its DoFs — to restrictions leading to a sharp decrease in the accuracy of the manipulator in the process of performing any technological operations with previously unknown trajectories of movement. Based on this method, a system has been synthesized that makes it possible to automatically generate reference signals for all DoFs of MM, taking into account the current reference positions and orientations of the working tools specified in the absolute coordinate system. As a result, emergency situations are not created and the high quality of the prescribed operations and work is maintained. The results of the performed mathematical simulation confirmed the high efficiency of using the proposed approach to the contour control of the MM.
Intervention options: Depression & Cardiovascular Disease during Covid-19 Pandemia
Authors: Flouda Eirini , Stefanatou Athena , Apergi Tinia
Published: February 2022

An attempt to review links of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression and present appropriate treatment methods for handling depression in the COVID-19 pandemic is made. Although depression constitutes one of the major mental health challenges that humankind must encounter in the 21st century it remains undiagnosed and untreated in CVD patients. Its great influence on the progress of CVD led to its classification as a risk factor along with dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, substance use, sedentary lifestyle (poor diet, stress) making imperative the need for treatment methods. As during COVID 19 pandemic we witnessed the elevation of mental distress as involving both lifestyle choices and dealing with unprecedented life situations while inducing psychological distress or exacerbating pre-existing physical and mental health problems – depression could act both as a contributor to and as the result of CVD. A 4-step intervention program is suggested.
Prevalence and Pattern of Electrolyte Imbalance in Hypertensives Admitted in Nigerian Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Olusegun-Joseph Akinsanya Daniel , Okunowo Bolanle O , Akintunde Adeseye A , Karaye Kamilu M
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHypertension not only predispose to cardiovascular diseases, it is also associated with electrolyte imbalances (EIs), which in most cases subtly impacts on morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of EI in hospitalized hypertensives from three teaching hospitals in Nigeria.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study of hypertensive patients who were admitted in three teaching hospitals in the cities of Lagos, Kano and Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Medical records and serum electrolyte results done at the point of admission were retrieved and analyzed.Results159 admitted hypertensive patients who had analysis of their electrolytes were recruited of which 106 (66.7%) were males, while 53(33.3%) were females. Majority of patients (138 {86.8%}) had at least one EI, while only 21 (13.2%) had normal electrolytes.  39(24.5%) patients had more than two EIs; 55(34.6%) had two EIs, while 44(27.7%) had one EI. The commonest electrolyte abnormality was hyponatremia seen in 63 (39.6%) patients, followed by hypokalemia, reduced bicarbonate and hypochloremia found in 58 (36.5%), 53(33.3%), and 40 (25.2%) respectively.EI was more prevalent among females (96.2% vs 82.1% in males; p=0.002), patients who had tachycardia (94.3% vs 80.9% of patients without tachycardia; p=0.042) and those with elevated diastolic blood pressure DBP (p=0.034).ConclusionEIs are very common among hospitalized hypertensive patients, with most of them having multiple derangements. EI was more prevalent in females, patients with tachycardia and elevated (DBP).Key words: Hospitalized hypertensive, electrolyte imbalances, Potassium, Sodium, bicarbonate, Chloride.
Book Review of Music Therapy in a Multicultural Context, edited by Melita Belgrave & Seung-A Kim
Authors: Steiner Adrienne C.
Published: February 2022

This manuscript is a book review of the 2019 Jessica Kingsley publication, Music Therapy in a Multicultural Context, edited by Melita Belgrave & Seung-A Kim.
Comparison of D2 versus D1 gastrectomy in Kashmiri patients in a tertiary care cancer centre
Authors: Younis Mohamad , Yousuf Adfar , Ahmad Syed Nisar , Vane Ajay
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes, survival, morbidity and mortality of D1 and D2 gastrectomy in Kashmiri population in a high-volume tertiary care centre.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the prospective database maintained by Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at SKIMS, Kashmir India. We did direct comparison of D1 and D2 gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 2016 to December 2021 and fulfilled the eligibility criteria. A total of 98 patients were included in the study of which 46 underwent a D1 gastrectomy and 52 underwent a D2 gastrectomy.Results:  Male-female ratio was 3:1 in both groups with a mean age of 61 years. There was no significant difference in terms of age or gender between D1 and D2 groups (p>0.05). The mean number of harvested lymph nodes (LN) was (7±1.9) in the D1 group compared to (27.6±10.1) the D2 group (p=0.001). Average hospital stay was comparable in both groups. The median survival was 26 months for the D2 and 19 months for the D1 group (p≤0.01). The survival in the D2 group was significantly higher than in the D1 group. There was no difference in postoperative complications between two groups in our study.Conclusions: our study indicates that D2 gastrectomy should be the standard of treatment for advanced stage II /III disease as it improves the survival outcome in these patients without affecting overall hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.
Pragmatics Principles of English Teachers in Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Pasaribu Gumarpi Rahis , Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah , Nasution Putra Thoip
Published: February 2022

This qualitative study presents the research results on Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The problem formulation of this research focuses on what and how Pragmatics politeness is in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The objectives of this study are (i) to describe the form of Pragmatics speech in the language of English teachers; (ii) to describe the tools used in using Pragmatics politeness in the teacher's language, English. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data were collected from various communication events in teaching English in the classroom between teachers and students by participating in observation techniques, note-taking/recording techniques, and interviews. Structurally, the various sub-illocutions were delivered with one core speech unit alone or with a combination of core speech (TI) and supporting speech units (TD) in the form of asking questions, commanding acts, and opening speech units (TB) in the form of greetings. Pragmatics politeness speech acts of English teachers and students are generally expressed in imperative sentences (active and passive), declarative sentences, and interrogative sentences. Second, the tools of Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools found in the speech of the teaching process can function as an action stimulator, a request for approval of the action, an invitation.Keywords: Politeness, Pragmatics, Islamic elementary school.
DEMOCRACIA E SERVIÇO SOCIAL: SOBRE O REVISIONISMO CONSERVADOR DA RENOVAÇÃO CRÍTICA
Authors: Moreira Ana Samilly Alexandre , Albuquerque Cynthia Studart , Pereira Evelyne Medeiros
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve reflexão em torno da crise democrática e das tendências atuais do contexto político e econômico da sociedade brasileira, atentando para alguns dos seus principais desdobramentos para o Serviço Social, particularmente para o legado da renovação crítica da profissão. Dentre esses, o destaque para as expressões do conservadorismo reacionário e autoritarismo nas dimensões teórico-metodológica, político-organizativa bem como no arcabouço legal e institucional do Serviço Social brasileiro, configurando-se como disputas em curso e ameaças ao projeto e ao estatuto profissionais. Por se tratar de um ensaio teórico, a metodologia empregada baseou-se fundamentalmente na pesquisa bibliográfica e no estudo de importantes autores/as, clássicos e contemporâneos, do pensamento social crítico.
EDUCAÇÃO PARA A CIDADANIA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA ESCOLA CIDADÃ INTEGRAL TÉCNICA DA REDE ESTADUAL DE ENSINO - UMBUZEIRO - PB
Authors: Do Nascimento Geisiane Antonita , Da Costa Gonçalves Gêuda Anazile , Araújo de Souza Sandra Maria
Published: February 2022

O acesso ao conhecimento, a interação social e a possibilidade de participar de debates que tratem de questões de ordem pública, são aspectos considerados fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da consciência política dos cidadãos. Portanto, a escola pode ser considerada o local ideal para a formação de cidadãos reflexivos e críticos que desenvolvam o potencial de contribuir, efetivamente, para a melhoria da sociedade como um todo. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, na percepção dos profissionais de educação, se as práticas pedagógicas adotadas pela Escola Cidadã Integral Técnica Presidente João Pessoa (ECIT), proporcionam meios para a formação da consciência política dos alunos. A pesquisa é exploratória de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e, caracterizada como estudo de caso. O universo da pesquisa é composto por 21 profissionais da educação que atuam na escola em foco. A amostra da pesquisa é do tipo não probabilística por acessibilidade, totalizando 15 profissionais que realizam atividades junto ao primeiro e segundo ano do ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de forma remota, através da plataforma meet. Superada a fase de coleta os dados foram submetidos à técnica qualitativa denominada análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que a escola adota as práticas pedagógicas através de temas transversais, que permeiam todo o currículo escolar e, portanto, proporcionam meios para a formação da consciência política dos alunos.
The Study on the Prevalence of Stressful Factors among Medical Students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2020
Authors: Nader M , Youssefi M , Khadem-Rezaiyan M
Published: February 2022

Introduction: To solve any problem, it is necessary to first recognize that problem and examine the factors affecting that issue; therefore, a detailed study of stressors can help us improve the quality of education and mental health of students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2020-2021. The participants were chosen from medical students studying in various grades using convenient sampling method. The instrument used was the standard MSSQ which consists of 20 questions including 6 different dimensions: Stress Related to Academic Issues, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Stress, Teaching and Learning Stress, Social Stress, Desire Stress, Group Activity Stress.
Result: A total of 463 people participated in this study out of whom 51.4% (236 people) were male. Overall, 49% of students were in high/severe condition. The highest level of stress among all dimensions belongs to the stressors related to academic issues (63.5%) and the least stressful factor for students was desire-related stress (8.20%). There was a significant relationship between total stress and gender (higher in women than men).
Conclusion: Considering that almost half of the students are in a high/severe state regarding stressful factors, effective training of students to manage stress and improve skills to reduce stress (e.g., by conducting workshops) would be promising.
Student Online Test Anxiety During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Bagheri Sheykhangafshe F , Azimi E
Published: February 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
The effect of IL-17 blockage on the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with axial spondylarthritis: a comparative study with anti-TNF
Authors: YORULMAZ Elem , GELER KÜLCÜ Duygu
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis receiving different biologic treatments.
Methods: The study included 33 axial spondyloarthritis patients (20 males, 13 females) receiving anti-TNF or secukinumab therapy. Patients’ age, disease duration, ongoing therapy duration, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) scores, NLR, and PLR were recorded retrospectively.
Results: The patients' mean age was 44 years, and the disease's mean duration was 121.55 months. Fourteen (42.4%) patients were receiving secukinumab, 57.6% of the patients were receiving anti-TNF agents. The male/female ratio was 6/8 in the secukinumab group and 14/5 in the anti-TNF group. The ongoing therapy duration was 8 ± 5.1 months for the secukinumab group and 27 ± 27.6 months for the anti-TNF group. Only NLR was significantly higher in the secukinumab group, and there was no other statistical difference between groups. There was no correlation between NLR, PLR, and CRP, ESR, BASDAI.
Conclusions: The results of our study show that only NLR is significantly higher in the secukinumab group compared to the anti-TNF group. Hence NLR may be a useful and sensitive parameter in terms of monitoring disease activity.
Learning Needs of English and French Students from a Modern Languages Program at a Colombian University
Authors: Encarnacion-Mosquera Carmelina
Published: February 2022

This research study aims to analyze the learning needs of modern languages students at Universidad del Cauca and their implications on the bachelor’s program. These needs were analyzed by exploring students’ learning strategies and expectations, standards of competences, and other factors that might be affecting the learning of English and French. Data were gathered through questionnaires and a documentary review, framed by a mixed approach. The population was composed of 108 students, enrolled at the time the research started, who volunteered to take part in the study. The results show that students’ needs are mainly related to developing autonomy and a sense of ownership as to learning, identifying, and using learning strategies, being trained in learning strategies use, being exposed to innovative methodologies, and being exposed to more language practice. Consequently, the modern languages program is expected to take important actions to meet students’ needs in which all parties involved are committed. Finally, since needs analysis is meant to be the starting point in all teaching and learning processes, the methodology developed in this research could be useful for further studies on the same topic.
The Use of Social Networks in L2 Instruction: Discussing its Opportunities and Obstacles
Authors: Villegas-Torres Perla
Published: February 2022

This article presents a discussion and analysis on the implementation of social networks to support the learning of a second language (L2) in the field of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL); an area that has regained especial significance in the post pandemic era. Through a cumulative case study report that compares and contrasts several research studies carried out at different times, this article first brings to discussion the strengths that social networks offer for their implementation in L2 instruction. To continue the discussion, the issues of teachers’ CALL training and access are presented as weaknesses for a successful implementation of social networks in the L2 instruction. It is argued that social networks cannot work as effective tools for this purpose without the guidance of a properly trained instructor. Nevertheless, attaining such an ideal condition is challenging considering the problems that might emerge during its implementation. Although it is common that language teachers to some extent include this resource for their L2 classes, more research needs to be done to produce literature that sheds light on the aspects that need to be worked on to take real advantage of this type of technology.
An Overview of Dominant Approaches for Teacher Learning in Second Language Teaching
Authors: Macías Diego Fernando , Hernández-Varona Wilson
Published: February 2022

The current review offers an analysis of the prevailing literature on teacher learning in language teaching from an international perspective. We initially revisit several contributions from a general education perspective. Then, we focus on three dominant approaches, identified through the literature, to understand teacher learning from a language teaching perspective. Finally, we provide implications for teacher educators to consider in the preparation of prospective language teachers. These include acknowledging future teachers’ prior cognitions and learning experiences, highlighting the benefits of collaborative work and communities of practice, and adapting and innovating within the social constraints of their teaching context.
A Task-based Teacher Development Program in a Rural Public School in Colombia
Authors: Coronado-Rodríguez Claudia Camila , Aguilar-Peña Luisa Fernanda , Jaime-Osorio María Fernanda
Published: February 2022

This document reports on a research study carried out in a rural public school in Colombia. The aim of the study was to identify the impact of a task-based teacher development program on three primary school teachers’ teaching practices. To this effect, we used a survey, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews before and after the implementation of the development program. We identified that teachers' perceptions, beliefs, and realities in their teaching practice influenced their performance, inside and outside the classroom. The results also showed that participants improved their teaching practices regarding the processes of lesson planning and materials design. They also improved their English language performance regarding pronunciation and vocabulary use.
Editorial
Authors: Lucero-Babativa Edgar
Published: February 2022

Editorial
Hubungan Kecepatan Stall dan Berat Total Pesawat Aeromodelling Wing Dragon
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad , Makhus Muh , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: February 2022

Saat ini eromodelling merupakan kegiatan yang banyak diminati masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan sebagai akibat kemajuan teknologi dan informasi. Prinsip kerja aeromodeling adalah berdasarkan pada hukum-hukum fisika yang harus dipahami oleh pelaku aeromodelling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami hubungan antara kecepatan stall pesawat model terhadap berat total pesawat. Hasil pengukuran melalui eksperimen, kecepatan stall kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai perhitungan kecepatan stol secara teoritis. Hasil eksperimen dengan pesawat model Wing Dragon yang sayapnya telah dimodifikasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai perhitungan hasil eksperimen tidak berbeda jauh dengan nilai perhitungan teoritis dengan deviasi standar dengan nilai hanya sekitar 7,4%.
Literatur Review Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup (Life Skill) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik
Authors: Husniyah Rif'il , Asrizal Asrizal , Usmeldi Usmeldi
Published: February 2022

Tantangan abad 21 menuntut peserta didik agar mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan teknologi. Pembelajaran berbasis kecakapan hidup (life skill)  adalah salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan oleh pendidik untuk menghadapi tantangan abad 21 tersebut. Pembelajaran berbasis kecakapan hidup merupakan pembelajaran yang menanamkan nilai-nilai kehidupan kepada peserta didik agar mampu dan terampil dalam menghadapi permasalahan kehidupan dan menemukan solusinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian literatur review yaitu dengan merangkum dan mereview beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan data yang diperoleh terkait pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis kecakapan hidup terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik. Dari hasil pencarian literatur diperoleh lima buah artikel yang terkait tentang  pembelajaran berbasis kecakapan hidup terhadap hasil belajar fisika. Dari hasil analisis literatur yang telah dilakukan diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar pada aspek pengetahuan (kognitif) sebesar 71,88. Pada aspek sikap (afektif) nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 66,05 dan nilai rata-rata pada aspek keterampilan (psikomotor) sebesar 66,70. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis kecakapan hidup memiliki pengaruh yang efektif pada hasil belajar (pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan) fisika peserta didik.
A Penerapan Strategi Motivasional ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas VIII di MTs Raudlatusshibyan NW Belencong Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Kafrawi Muhammad , Mahzuro Mahzuro , Ramdani Rini , Utami Linda Sekar
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi pengelolaan motivasional ARCS dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas VIII di MTs Raudlatusshibyan NW Belencong Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi serta refleksi. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah data motivasi dan hasil belajar fisika siswa selama KBM berlangsung. Data motivasi belajar fisika siswa diperoleh dengan cara pengisian angket oleh siswa yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan tindakan, dan data hasil belajar fisika siswa diperoleh dari hasil evaluasi disetiap akhir siklus.

            Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan motivasi belajar fisika siswa dengan melihat data sebelum pelaksanaan tindakan diperoleh hasil dari analisis angket motivasi ARCS yaitu kriteria positif rerata = 3,46 (cukup baik) dan kriteria negatif rerata = 2,54 (cukup baik) kemudian setelah pelaksanaan tindakan diperoleh hasil analisis angket motivasi ARCS yaitu kriteria positif rerata = 3,71 (baik) dan kriteria negatif rerata = 3,28 (cukup baik). Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar fisika siswa dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas 62,82 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 66,7%, sedangkan pada siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas 69,93 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 86,7 %. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi pengelolaan motivasional ARCS dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas VIII MTs Raudlatusshibyan NW Belencong Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
The Effects of Fake News on Consumers’ Brand Trust
Authors: Fârte Gheorghe Ilie , Obadă Daniel Rareș
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of fake news on consumers’ brand trust in the food security context. The starting point of our research is the finding that issues related to food security cannot be addressed without the contribution of multinational food corporations. The efficiency of their intervention depends on their capacity to build and preserve their brand trust despite the multifarious fake news stories that contaminate the information flow. Is brand trust sensitive to fake news? In some cases, the spread of fake news in mass media and social media negatively affects food companies. In other cases, consumers’ trust remains relatively unchanged. These ambivalent reactions give us good reason to assess whether consumers’ exposure to negative fake news influences their trust in international food brands. Using a one-group pretest–posttest research design, we found that the effects of fake news on consumers’ brand trust are predominantly negative, but in a few cases, these effects can be neutral or positive. These results could be useful for PR and marketing researchers and professionals interested in fake news phenomena and brand trust because they shed light on the real threat fake news represents for multinational food companies.
Effective Strategies for Heterologous Expression of Plant Heterotrimeric
G-protein γ Subunits without Gβ Subunit Partners
Authors: Avsar Bihter
Published: February 2022

Background:

In plants, heterotrimeric G-protein (Gγ) subunits are diverse, and they have
structural plasticity to provide functional selectivity to the heterotrimer. Although the Gβ and Gγ
subunits dimerize to function in the signaling pathway, the interaction mechanism of various Gγ
subunits with the Gβ subunit partners is still elusive.

Objective:

To better understand the interaction mechanism, one approach is to separate the subunits
for the re-assembly in vitro. Hence, developing a reliable method for achieving the efficient
production and purification of these proteins has become necessary.

Method:

In this study, Gγ1 and Gγ2 proteins from Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana were
successfully identified, cloned, expressed in bacteria, and purified as recombinant proteins with the
fusion tags. Highly expressed recombinant Gγ subunits in E. coli were digested by proteases, which
were also produced in the presented study.

Results:

Preliminary structural characterization studies without the Gβ partners showed that Gγ1
proteins have disordered structures with coiled-coil, α-helix extensions, and loops, whereas the Gγ2
protein has a more dominant β-sheet and turns structure. Finally, computational analyses performed
on Gγ genes have laid the foundation of new targets for biotechnological purposes.

Conclusion:

The proposed optimized expression and purification protocol can contribute to
investigations on the Gβγ binding mechanism in plant G-protein signaling. The investigations on
selective binding are critical to shed light on the role(s) of different plant Gγ subunit types in
biological processes.
Prediction of Variable-Length B-Cell Epitopes for Antipeptide Paratopes
Using the Program HAPTIC
Authors: Caoili Salvador E.C.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Background: B-cell epitope prediction for antipeptide antibody responses enables peptide-based vaccine design and related translational applications. This entails estimating epitope-paratope binding free-energy changes from antigen sequence; but attempts to do so assuming uniform epitope length (e.g., of hexapeptide sequences, each spanning a typical paratope diameter when fully extended) have neglected empirically established variation in epitope length.

Objective:

Objective: This work aimed to develop a sequence-based physicochemical approach to variable-length B-cell epitope prediction for antipeptide paratopes recognizing flexibly disordered targets.

Method:

Method: Said approach was developed by analogy between epitope-paratope binding and protein folding modeled as polymer collapse, treating paratope structure implicitly. Epitope-paratope binding was thus conceptually resolved into processes of epitope compaction, collapse and contact, with epitope collapse presenting the main entropic barrier limiting epitope length among non-polyproline sequences. The resulting algorithm was implemented as a computer program, namely the Heuristic Affinity Prediction Tool for Immune Complexes (HAPTIC), which is freely accessible via an online interface (http://badong.freeshell.org/haptic.htm). This was used in conjunction with published data on representative known peptide immunogens

Results:

Results: HAPTIC predicted immunodominant epitope sequences with lengths limited by penalties for both compaction and collapse, consistent with known paratope-bound structures of flexibly disordered epitopes. In most cases, the predicted association constant was greater than its experimentally determined counterpart but below the predicted upper bound for affinity maturation in vivo.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: HAPTIC provides a physicochemically plausible means for estimating the affinity of antipeptide paratopes for sterically accessible and flexibly disordered peptidic antigen sequences, by explicitly considering candidate B-cell epitopes of variable length
Structural and Binding Properties of the Active Cell Wall Hydrolase
RipA from M. tuberculosis, a Promising Biosensing Molecule for Early
Warning Bacterial Detection
Authors: Squeglia Flavia , Marasco Daniela , Ruggiero Alessia , Testa Genni , Esposito Luciana , Berisio Rita
Published: February 2022

Background:

Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the cell wall in all
bacteria. In particular, the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria are composed mostly of a
thick layer of peptidoglycan. Its accessibility has important implications for their sensing
in whole bacterial detection methodologies. Indeed, there is an urgent demand for rapid
tests which can identify whole bacteria, e.g., directly at the point of care.

Objective:

The aim of this work is to explore the suitability of RipA, a key cell division
protein of M. tuberculosis, for whole cell biosensing of Gram-positive bacteria.

Methods:

We here conducted Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies aimed at the understanding
of the structural and dynamic features of active RipA and at the design of a suitable
bioreceptor. Based on these studies, we engineered a RipA variant for covalent oriented
immobilisation on golden surfaces and are able to bind peptidoglycan, albeit without
degrading it. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was employed to check the ability of
functionalized golden chips to recognize whole bacteria.

Results:

MD analyses elucidated the structural details of the active form of RipA and
suggested that this enzyme, once inactivated, presents a rigid and well-exposed peptidoglycan
recognition cleft. We engineered RipA for proper oriented immobilisation on golden
chips for SPR studies. Results show that once chemically coupled to a golden chip,
the developed RipA-based bioreceptor is able to detect B. subtilis, used as a model in a
concentration-dependent mode.

Conclusion:

Results highlight the potential of the engineered molecule to be integrated
in the development of early warning biosensors for Gram-positive contamination in clinical
diagnosis or food-borne infections.
An Unfolded Protein Response-Related mRNA Signature Predicting the
Survival and Therapeutic Effect of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Gang , Wu Junxin , Su Zhixiong , Wang Lei , Chen Xingte , Zhong Xiaohong , Wang Di , Wang Jianchao , Shao Lingdong
Published: February 2022

Background:

Tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) are regulated by unfolded protein responses (UPR) signaling pathways, including
IRE1a, PERK, and ATF6, but little is known about UPR related genes with HCC prognosis and
therapeutic indicators.

Objective:

We aimed to identify a UPR related prognostic signature (UPRRPS) for HCC and explore
the potential effect of the current signature on the existing molecular targeted agents and immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods:

We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to screen candidate UPR genes
(UPRGs), which are expressed differentially between hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver
tissue and associated with prognosis. A gene risk score for overall survival prediction was established
using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis,
which was validated using data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database
and evaluated by the C-index. Then immune and molecular characteristics stratified by the
current UPRRPS were analyzed, and the corresponding drug sensitivity was conducted.

Results:

Initially, 42 UPRGs from the TCGA database were screened as differentially expressed
genes, which were also associated with HCC prognosis. Using the LASSO regression analysis,
nine UPRGs (EXTL3, PPP2R5B, ZBTB17, EIF2S2, EIF2S3, HDGF, SRPRB, EXTL2, and TPP1)
were used to develop a UPRRPS to predict the OS of HCC patients in the TCGA set with the Cindex
of 0.763. The current UPRRPS was also well-validated in the ICGC set with the C-index of
0.700. Multivariate Cox regression analyses also confirmed that the risk score was an independent
risk factor for HCC in both the TCGA and ICGC sets (both P<0.05). Functional analyses showed
that low-risk score was associated with increased natural killer cells, T helpers, tumor immune dysfunction
and exclusion score, microsatellite instability expression, and more benefit from ICIs; the
high-risk score was associated with increased active dendritic cells, Tregs, T-cell exclusion score,
and less benefit from ICIs. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that the signaling pathways of
VEGF, MAPK, and mTOR were enriched in high UPRRPS, and the drug sensitivities of the corresponding
inhibitors were all significantly higher in the high UPRRPS subgroup (all P<0.001).

Conclusion:

With the current findings, UPRRPS was a promising biomarker for predicting the
prognosis of HCC patients. UPRRPS might also be taken as a potential indicator to guide the management
of immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular targeted agents.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Flower Senescence of Camellia
lutchuensis
Authors: Liu Weixin , Yin Hengfu , Feng Yi , Yu Suhang , Fan Zhengqi , Li Xinlei , Li Jiyuan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Background: Flower senescence is the last stage of flower development and affects the ornamental and economic value of flower plants. There is still less known on flower senescence of the ornamental plant Camellia lutchuensis, a precious species of Camellia with significant commercial application value.

Methods:

Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the : By Illumina HiSeq sequencing, we generated approximately 101.16 Gb clean data and 46649 differentially expressed unigenes. Based on the different expression pattern, differentially expressed unigenes were classified into 10 Sub Class. And Sub Class 9, included 8252 unigenes, was highly expressed in the flower senescent stage, suggesting it had a potential regulatory relationship of flower senescence. First, we found that ethylene biosynthesis genes ACSs, ACOs, receptor ETR genes and signaling genes EINs, ERFs all upregulated during flower senescence, suggesting ethylene might play a key role in flower senescence of C. lutchuensis. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production related genes peroxidase (POD), lipase (LIP), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and ROS scavenging related genes glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were induced in senescent stage, suggesting ROS might be involved in the flower senescence. Besides, the expression of monoterpenoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis genes, transcription factors (WRKY, NAC, MYB and C2H2), senescence-associated gene SAG20 also were increased during flower senescence.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: In C. lutchuensis, ethylene pathway might be the key to regulate flower senescence, and ROS signal might play a role in the flower senescence.
A Combinational Approach for More Efficient miRNA Biosensing
Authors: Lee Cheolho
Published: February 2022

A microRNAs, short single-stranded noncoding RNAs ranging in length from 18 ~ 24 bp, are found in all kingdoms of eukaryotes and even viruses. It was found that miRNAs got involved in a variety of biological phenomenon control and their intracellular aberrant expression was related to diseases and abnormalities in the immune system. Since then, it has been considered essential to develop an efficient miRNA detection system. In this review, the limitations of traditional scheme-based miRNA detection methods are compared and analyzed. In particular, nucleic acid amplification based miRNA detection methods and nanomaterial-based miRNA detection methods, which are widely used as a biosensing platform because of such features and advantages as high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the latest examples of combination of advantages of nucleic acid amplification and the features and advantages of nanomaterials are examined to suggest the characteristics of the next generation of miRNA biosensing.
An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Calivarathan Latchoumycandane , Brahadeeswaran Subhashini , Lateef Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting approximately 1% of the world’s population at the age of 50 and above. Majority of PD cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60 and above. At that time, most of the dopaminergic neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta have been degenerated. Although in past decades, discoveries of genetic mutations linked to PD have significantly impacted our current understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disorder, it is likely that the environment also plays a critical role in the etiology of sporadic PD. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that exposure to environmental agents, including a number of agricultural and industrial chemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and several forms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and PD. Interestingly, substantia nigra of patients with PD has been shown to have a mild deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial toxicants in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons targeting the electron transport system that leads to Parkinsonism.
Proteomic Profile Analysis of Pulmonary Artery in a Rat Model Under
Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Yan Ma , Shuang Ma , Jie Liu , Ruixia Zhang , Chuanchuan Liu
Published: February 2022

Aim:

Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

Background:

Background: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high-altitudes.

Objective:

Objective: To investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of SD rats under hypoxia over a period of four-weeks.

Method:

Method: Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Results:

Results: With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were up-regulated while 46 were down-regulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were down-regulated. KEGG enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings submit basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high altitudes. Herein, we investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under hypoxia over a period of four weeks. Unbiased iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was utilized in proteome profile analysis of a rat model exposed to HPH. With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were upregulated while 46 were downregulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein, S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer, and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group. In conclusion, the findings from this study submit a basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
Recent Advances in Drug Design and Delivery Across Biological Barriers
Using Computational Models
Authors: Vanshita  , Garg Akash , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar
Published: February 2022

The systemic delivery of pharmacological substances generally exhibits several significant
limitations associated with the bio-distribution of active drugs in the body. Human body’s defense mechanisms
have been found to become impediments to drug delivery. Various technologies have evolved to
overcome these limitations, including computational approaches and advanced drug delivery. As the body
of a human has evolved to defend itself from hostile biological as well as chemical invaders, the biological
barriers, such as ocular barriers, blood-brain barriers, intestinal and skin barriers, also limit the passage
of drugs across desired sites. Therefore, efficient delivery remains an utmost challenge for researchers
and scientists. The present review focuses on the techniques to deliver the drugs with efficient therapeutic
efficacy at the targeted sites. This review article provides an insight into the main biological barriers
along with the application of computational or numerical methods to deal with different barriers by
determining the drug flow, temperature and various other parameters. It also summarizes the advanced
implantable drug delivery systems to circumvent the inherent resistance exhibited by these biological
barriers, and in turn, to improve the drug delivery process.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Clinical Features, Histopathological Characteristics,
and Genetic Associations
Authors: Maheshwari Akhil , Traub Terri M. , Garg Parvesh M. , Ethawi Yahya , Buonocore Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis seen in premature in-fants. Although the etiopathogenesis of NEC is unclear, genetic factors may alter a patient's suscepti-bility, clinical course, and outcomes. This review draws from existing studies focused on individual genes and others based on microarray-based high-throughput discovery techniques. We have included evidence from our own studies and from an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and PubMed’s Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.
Chronic Kidney Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk: Insights and Associated Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , Marreiros Camila Santos , de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Freitas Betânia
Published: February 2022

This study is a narrative review that aims to address the conceptual, characteristic, pathophysiological, and mechanistic aspects that define the profile of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The objective was to investigate current knowledge and elucidate, through discussions on the topic, the main interrelated paths. This review was carried out unsystematically, from March to May 2020, by means of a survey of the literature indexed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (Elsevier®) databases. The scientific materials collected showed that the cross-talk between the diseases in question is mainly based on the conditions of resistance to insulin action, endothelial dysfunction, activation pathways of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system and adipokine imbalance, also emphasizing the influence of atherosclerotic events in kidney damage. Furthermore, it was reinforced the fact that inflammatory processes play an important role in the worsening and evolution of the clinical condition of patients, especially when they have underlying pathologies chronically treated for subclinical inflammation. It is expected that a greater number of original researches will propose to investigate other possible interactions, with a view to standardized treatment of these diseases or nutritional management.
Clinical Overview of Arthritis with a Focus on Management Options and Preventive Lifestyle Measures for its Control
Authors: Gupta Umesh Chandra , Gupta Subhas Chandra , Gupta Saira Sugandh
Published: February 2022

Arthritis is the spectrum of conditions that cause swelling and tenderness of one or more body joints with key symptoms of joint pain and stiffness. Its progression is closely linked to age. Although there are a number of arthritis types, such as ankylosing, gout, joint infections, juvenile idiopathic, reactive, and septic, the two most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis causes the articulating smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones, forming a joint, to break down. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the immune system attacks joints, beginning with the cartilaginous lining of the joints. The latter is considered a systemic disease, i.e., affecting many parts of the body, but the respiratory system is involved in 10 to 20% of all mortality. Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability globally. Several preventive measures to control arthritis have been suggested, such as using analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, moderate to vigorous physical activity and exercise, reducing sedentary hours, getting adequate sleep, and maintaining healthy body weight. Foods including a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables, fish oil, medicinal plants, and microbiota are vital protective methods. The intake of vitamins, such as A and C, minerals, e.g., selenium and zinc, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, is also a significant preventive measure.