bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A socio-pragmatic study of address terms in Kurdish
Authors: Mohammed Sara Jamal
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the address terms in Kurdish language within the theory of politeness. It deals with the six major groups of terms of address. The most vital forms are identified through this study concerning each category, their social sense, and the factors that govern their usage. The number of participants were 100 Kurdish adults who were randomly selected form various public places. The main used methods for collecting data are questionnaire and interviewing participants. The reflection of the Kurdish terms of address on complex social relationship is highlighted through the results of the study between interlocutors. Various social factors have a great role in selecting a given term’s determination, for instance, gender, intimacy, formality, age, social status and familiarity between the interlocutor and the addressee. Each category of address terms are utilized by a specific group of users in various social domains.
The social symbol in "Now a girl is my homeland" poem
Authors: Rashid Jihad Shukri
Published: September 2023

Symbolism appeared in Kurdish literature and story writing due to some social circumstances and conditions .This literary device has some artistic signs and metaphors that attract the reader. Sherko Bekas is one of the poets who she deed the light on expressing symbolism and its connection with the social issues in his "Now a girl is my homeland". He tried to show the society problems and issues by using symbolism to a degree we can say his poem was the reflection of his society of that era .In this research will be shown by using an Analytical-Descriptive method the goals of symbolism that used to express the policy and the society of his time in order to consider how The poet by language and expression could shed the light on the social issues.The result of this paper shows how Sherko Bekas by using the two features of symbolism (sings-society)in "Now a girl is my homeland" describes his era’s circumstances in a way he used all his language skills to express the political and social issues clearly which are the typical base of his writings.
Spatial variation of ruminant distribution in Chamchamal district
Authors: Hussein Saman Adil , Taha Dler Aziz
Published: September 2023

Ruminants are an important component of agricultural income and play a role in providing food for the population in the study area. This study was conducted in Chamchamal district with the aim of presenting the variation in the distribution of livestock among the administrative units in the Chamchamal district and the relationship of this variance with natural and human geographical factors, The surface is one of two groups of factors, which are divided into three parts, also climate, and the average  annual rainfall, another factor analyzed in the study is soil, which is consist of(5)types,  water resources and natural plants factors each has an influential role, and other factors such as labor, Agricultural and Fodder and Pasture policy factors are described, As explained at the end of the first topic, veterinary services.  Another purpose of the study is to analysis and present   the  number and   type variation   of  ruminant, which shows the most common type is sheep and the most number are in(Sangw)sub-district, it reaches(115717)heads, while the least widespread is cow, and the most number of cows is in(Aghjalar)sub-district, it reache(6633)heads, Therefore, the study showed a clear variance of  distribution. These analyzes have been carried out and based on data, maps, interviews and Survey form.
Prototipe Mesin Peniris Minyak Pada Kerupuk Udang Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Minyak Kerupuk
Authors: Des Ramadhina Nurul , Fitriani Endah
Published: September 2023

Shrimp crackers are snacks made from tapioca flour and shrimp. Crackers also have variations of colour, shape, size, smell, taste, crispness, thickness, or nutritional value. Some of the production of ready-to-eat shrimp crackers is made by home industry that still use traditional equipment to reduce the oil content in the cracker. This affects the quality of the crackers which can cause the crackers not durable and smell it is caused by high oil level due to not optimal draining. Therefore this study aims to design a  prototype of oil spinner machine for shrimp crackers equipped with an electric motor, a 4x4 keypad as a timer setting, a current sensor and a voltage sensor to calculate the cost of using electric power, the HC-SR04 sensor as a sensor that detects the liquid level in the container, LCD as a monitor, and a buzzer that functions as an alarm when the engine is off and  when the oil container is full which will be connected to the arduino uno microcontroller. After testing with different times, the slicing process was succedeed in reducing the oil content in shrimp crackers by 21.55 % and the cost of using electric power on machine was Rp. 0.8444,- per minute and its also equipped with an oil reservoir that can hold an oil level as high as 3 cm so that the machine is more ergonomic that can improve the quality of shrimp cracker production.
Aplikasi Penjadwalan Pengadaan Barang Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori pada Logistic Rumah Sakit
Authors: Sofyan Sofyan , Nur Asia Siti , Nasrun Nasrun
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to design an application for scheduling procurement of goods at the Logistics of Awal Bros Hospital Makassar and to apply the a priori algorithm for scheduling procurement of goods at the Logistics of Awal Bros Hospital Makassar. The results of this study are that based on application testing carried out on Gtmetrix, the results for pageSpeed Score 96% YSlow Score 90%, which means the program can function properly and based on program functionality testing with blackbox that the application is valid and can be applied. The conclusion of this research by applying the Apriori algorithm. This application displays the priority of procurement requests in the form of print and atk categories based on the categories of goods that are frequently requested and can display the scheduling of procurement of goods to restock goods by looking at the functions of the red, orange and green buttons on the application.
Study of Renewable Potential of the Republic of Armenia for Implementation of Hybrid Autonomous Power Supply System Using Solar Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Kostik N. R. , Tarasov S. A. , Ayvasyan G. Ye.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy industries. Solar photovoltaic modules are most widely used to create hybrid autonomous electrification systems, since photovoltaics are not limited to specific limitations and can be applied almost everywhere.

Aim. To determine the potential of meteorological and geographical features of the Republic of Armenia for the implementation of autonomous hybrid renewable energy sources systems (AHRESS) using solar photovoltaics (PV). To simulate operating conditions for various AHRESS configurations providing electric power to a cellular communication base station.

Materials and methods. Climatic, geographical, social and economic features of the region of the Republic of Armenia are investigated. Regions are evaluated based on the key factors of AHRESS implementation potential and compared with studies performed by the Effergy-Irsolav. The simulations and technical and economic analysis were performed using the HOMER Pro software in Ttsovinar region.

Results. The most efficient configuration is found to be B1, with an energy cost of 0.322 $/kW·h. The parameters of winning system: PV array with capacity of 4.5 kW, 12V battery with 100 A·h capacity, diesel generator with 3 kW capacity. The main efficiency criterion is the low economic costs for the implementation and operation of this AHRESS configuration. Ten additional variants of AHRESS were modeled in order to optimize the component base of the configuration.

Conclusion. It was found that, depending on the consumer load, solar photovoltaic converters are limited and can only perform as supporting source of electricity. The use of the existing consumption load profile in the form of BSSS made it possible to cover the widest possible range of configurations of the component base, which indicates the high accuracy of the simulated results and, as a result, the technical and economic relevance of the study.
Versatile Gyroinclinometer Based on a Single Axis Angular Rate Sensor
Authors: Binder Ya. I. , Khazov I. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Currently, the versatility and reliability of gyroscopic inclinometers (GI), more than accuracy, determine their configuration and design. Imperative conditions for versatility include a diameter of 42…44.5 mm and a combination of point and continuous survey modes. Reliability is primarily determined by the robustness of the main elements. The fundamental parameter is adaptability to the trajectory, in other words, equal accuracy in the operating range of zenith angles, which determines the choice of orientation of the angular velocity sensors (ARS) with incomplete (< 3) number of their axis. Presently, biaxial dynamically tuned gyroscopes (DNG) are widely used due to their dimension and accuracy criteria; however, their elastic suspension gradually degrades as a result of frequent sidetracking operations (from previously drilled ones) accompanied by high-intensity impacts.

Aim. To develop an inexpensive versatile GI that maintains a balance between shock resistance and accuracy (com[1]parable to fiber-optic ARS) based on a single-axis vibrating ring gyroscope (VRG) with an induction-type resonator made using MEMS technology.

Materials and methods. The method of multi-position compassing with a single uniaxial ARS was implemented by transition from simultaneous biaxial measurements to uniaxial measurements in five successive positions of the frame (through 90°) along the toolface angle. Experimental data on the drifts of the selected VRG allow statistical methods to be used to construct an Allan-variance plot to confirm that the proposed method does not increase the total compassing time compared to the basic one. The continuous mode of such a GI, studied by solving differential equations, requires holding the input axis of the ARS near the apsidal plane using the same rotating frame.

Results. The obtained ratios confirm that the performance characteristics of a GI with a uniaxial ARS approximately correspond to the conventional biaxial scheme. These conclusions were also confirmed by the mathematical modeling of a survey of a typical oil and gas well.

Conclusion. The described GI containing a single ARS with indirect stabilization of the input axis is the result of a consistent development of the approach to the use of incomplete information
Approaches to Heterogeneous Integration for Millimeter-Wave Applications
Authors: Efimov A. S.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Enhanced performance of electronic systems can be achieved by heterogeneous integration of different semiconductor technologies. The benefits of heterogeneous integration become obvious when close connections between the devices are provided. The development of integration approaches, enabling functionality and improved performance, appears a relevant task for modern microwave microelectronics.

Aim. Review of state-of-the-art and promising heterogeneous integration concepts and techniques in microwave microelectronics.

Materials and methods. Eight integration approaches that ensure the connection of devices based on different semiconductor technologies for microwave frequencies are considered: monolithic heterogeneous integration, wafer bonding, micro-transfer printing, embedded chip assembly, print additive manufacturing, wire bonding, flip-chip, and hotvia. The integration approaches are analyzed in terms of their implementation specifics, advantages and disadvantages.

Results. Monolithic heterogeneous integration and wafer bonding, as well as micro-transfer printing, despite the minimum interconnections, have a number of fundamental limitations. These limitations are related to the compatibility of various semiconductor technologies and the necessity of high technological capabilities. The technology of embedded chip assembly enables the variability of implementation techniques, which makes it possible to provide unique characteristics, e.g., due to the integration of magnetic materials. However, this approach is associated with a high complexity of integration technological processes. Flip-chip integration ensures minimal interconnect losses due to bump miniaturization. Hot-via, as a modification of flip-chip, provides for a better compatibility with microstrip type circuitry. Their further improvement and mass application largely depends on the development of technologies for the formation of low-pitch interconnections.

Conclusion. The development of close integration approaches in microwave microelectronics is proceeding both in the monolithic direction, i.e., monolithic heterogeneous integration wafer bonding, as well as in the quasi-monolithic direction, i.e., micro-transfer printing, embedded chip assembly, print additive manufacturing, flip-chip, and hot-via. The conducted comparative analysis of the presented methods has practical application.
Approaches and Technologies for Preservation of Sugarcane juice: A Review
Authors: Murjani Bhushan Omprakash , Suryavanshi Amey Amol , Dhembare Shivani Bapurao , Patil Isha Pradeep , Patil Pritam Tanaji , Sonawane Hritik Prashant , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra
Published: September 2023

Every region of India has access to the cooling sweet soft drink known as sugarcane juice. It is  an essential product on the world market since it has great health advantages. Sugarcane juice  competes with other soft drinks in the market pushed by health-conscious consumers, and the sugarcane growers profit financially. To extend the shelf life of sugarcane juice, processing must be combined with the development of appropriate preservation methods. Researchers have looked into a variety of sugarcane juice preservation techniques, including chemical, thermal, and non-thermal techniques. Pasteurization is one of the many methods that are used  for preserving sugarcane juice. Pasteurization, however, results in the loss of flavor, aroma, colour, taste, and vital nutrients. Non-thermal procedures, which can preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities of fresh juices, are now receiving more attention. This review article examines numerous preservation methods for sugarcane juice, analyses them, and suggests a course of action to assist determine the best method for doing so. Different criteria for different  types of technologies are discussed with their advantages and drawbacks. Technologies which  do not use chemical additives have also been discussed, while taking their industrial scalability and economical aspects under consideration. Prime focus is kept on developing a technology which is economical, industrially acceptable and greener for the environment.
EFFECTIVE PUBLIC GOVERNANCE OF THE BRANCH AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   National Academy of Management, Osos Pavlo
Published: October 2023

This article examined the importance of functioning of the branch in the system of national economy, in particular, scientific approaches (technological and economical) concerning subjects of such an economy. It is determined that the branch structure of the national economy reflects the social division of labor. It has been established that the significant economic potential of the national economy is determined the ability of the branches of such economy to produce products and/ or to provide high-quality services which involve high value added. The branch structure in the national economy has been defined, in particular, the status of individual branch in such an economy. Active interventional of state authorities which are responsible for economic policy on regulation of functioning of branches the national economy, which do not normally require such regulation (tourism, culture, and art, etc.) in connection with the spread of COVID-19, has been established. It is proved that demand for products produced by enterprises of a particular branch can have a direct influence on the development of other branches of the national economy.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Igor Sikorsky, Zhaldak Anna , Khaleska Elizaveta ,   National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Igor Sikorsky
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the state and prospects of foreign economic activity. The dynamics of the main foreign economic indicators after the start of hostilities is analyzed, in particular, such complex political and economic conditions are taken into account as: large number of dead, wounded, destroyed thousands of housing and infrastructure, humanitarian catastrophe. The volumes of exports and imports in the pre-war period and in the period of hostilities are analyzed. Changes in the legislation of foreign economic activity of Ukraine are investigated. Considering exports and imports, they have a fairly high percentage of decline. Due to the blocking of ports and damaged highways, the largest percentage of exports suffered in the field of agriculture. It is noted that the reduction in imports was primarily due to the destruction and elimination of highways, logistics chains and reduced demand due to the large number of migrations of people to Western Ukraine and abroad.According to the changes in the current legislation, "critical imports" apply to imports during the period of hostilities, in other words, only some goods can be bought and thus foreign currency can be sent abroad
Spor için alternatif mekanlar: Deneysel bir tasarım stüdyosu
Authors: Çalışkan Ekrem Bahadır , Koç Aytekin Çiğdem
Published: September 2023

Oyun ile spor arasında anlamsal farklar olduğu gibi, spor dallarının arasında da yaygınlıkları, toplum içindeki bilinirlikleri ve otoriteler tarafından tanınmaları açısından önemli farklar bulunmaktadır. Bazı sporlar uluslararası arenada devamlı ve önemli etkinlikler ile takip edilen branşlar durumundayken; bazı sporlar icra ve bilinirlik seviyelerindeki düşüklük nedeniyle daha az popülerdir. Popüler spor dallarının mekanlarına ait önemli örnekler ve ihtiyaçların kurgulanması için yayınlanmış kaynaklar bulunsa da popüler ve yaygın olmayan spor dallarının gerekliliklerine cevap verebilen, özelleşmiş ve nitelikli hacimlerin eksikliğinden söz edilebilir. 2022 Güz döneminde … Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bölümü Mimari Tasarım Stüdyosunda öğrencilere, “Shaping the Workout1” teması ile az tanınan veya popüler olmayan spor dalları için kurgulanmış mekânsal potansiyelleri üretebilme imkânı sunulmuştur. Her öğrenci, bu konuya uygun spor/sporları veya bakış açısını keşfederek kurdukları işlevsel/kavramsal ve bağlamsal çerçevede, o sporun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan ve topluma tanıtılmasını sağlayan bir merkez tasarımı ile stüdyo sürecini tamamlamışlardır. Bu çalışma, deneysel tasarım stüdyosunun, hem işlevsel ilişkilerin keşfi ve tasarımı hem de problem tanımının doğru yapılabilmesi için limitleri kaldırmayı önceleyen yaklaşımı altında üretilen olası gelecek senaryolarını tartışmakta; gelecekteki tasarımcılar için, sporun, mekanları aracılığıyla, toplumun gerçekliğiyle olan ilişkiyi vurgulayan sosyal bir aktivatör görevi üstlenmesine ve spor mekanının özgüllüğünün, güncel yaklaşımların ötesinde, çeşitli kültürel ve biçimsel etkileşim sisteminden kaynaklanan bir yapı olduğuna dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Değerlendirilen projeler ve süreç ile ortaya konan sunulan mekân üretme deneyimleri hem ilgili sporların mekansallaşması hem de mimarlık stüdyo pratikleri için katkı sunmaktadır.
La peculiaridad del movimiento estudiantil chihuahuense de 1973
Authors: Ontiveros Juárez Gerónimo , Pérez Piñón Francisco Alberto , Hernández Orozco Guillermo
Published: September 2023

El cierre de la Escuela Preparatoria de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua en 1973 causó la pérdida del pensamiento crítico y humanista forjado en más de 140 años de tradición educativa, donde se fomentaba una educación dirigida a los más desposeídos, con espíritu de solidaridad, arraigado en maestros formados en escuelas normales y rurales. El propósito de esta investigación es contribuir a la recuperación de este legado histórico desde su contexto social. Con este fin, la pregunta de investigación es: ¿Cómo contribuir a la recuperación del legado histórico del pensamiento humanista y crítico de la Escuela Preparatoria de la Universidad de Chihuahua a partir de su contexto social? Utilizando los referentes teóricos metodológicos a partir de sus características peculiares, así como de los factores sociales, políticos y culturales para el surgimiento, desarrollo y cierre de esta escuela. Con base en la investigación cualitativa y la historiografía crítica, apoyados en la recopilación de fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias, que han dado cuenta de los movimientos estudiantiles se ha estructurado el enfoque para su abordaje. Los resultados parciales que hemos encontrados es el alto grado de conciencia social de las universidades latinoamericanas y como peculiaridad el problema de la posesión de la tierra, así como la cuestión agraria, en el caso particular de la Preparatoria de la Universidad de Chihuahua, el movimiento estudiantil chihuahuense no se puede comprender si no se consideran los movimientos universitarios que dieron vida a las reformas universitarias en América Latina.
Narrativas: Cómo aprendimos a leer y escribir
Authors: Pérez Piñón Francisco Alberto , Hernández Orozco Guillermo , Trujillo Holguín Jesús Adolfo
Published: September 2023

La historicidad de los Métodos de Lectura y Escritura podemos encontrarla en la época de la Colonia, con las primeras cuartillas que llegaron a América en forma de escritos cortos en los cuales se difundía la doctrina cristiana, con ellas se aprendía a leer y posteriormente a escribir, estos procesos no eran simultáneos sino alternos, las primeros métodos eran de deletreo, los cuales consistían en aprender las letras del abecedario y posteriormente se asociaban para formar palabras y más tarde estructuras más complejas, eran métodos sintéticos, partían de unidades o letras sin sentido fonético integrado; luego se evolucionó a los métodos de silabeo los cuales asociaban una consonante con una vocal y al sumar dos o más sílabas daba el resultado de estructuras más complejas, el ejercicio era ya fonético y tenía sentido con las palabras y enunciados más inteligibles. Fue a partir de finales del siglo XIX cuando se pusieron en práctica los métodos modernos para aprender a leer y escribir los cuáles consideraban el fonetismo, la simultaneidad y las marchas analítico-sintéticas; posteriormente a principios del siglo XX se trabajó la lectura con el método Onomatopéyico el cual era fonético, simultáneo y de marcha sintético-analítico. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX a nuestros días arriban las propuestas globalizadoras que recogen lo más novedoso de los métodos anteriores. Considerando las características de los métodos, en este texto se analizan las narrativas para aprender a leer y escribir de personas profesionistas a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario vía mail.
Maulid Nabi Prophet Maulid as a Measurement of Tonggara Village Communities in Worship
Authors: Nurdiani Laela Nurdiani , Khasanah Rizqiyatul , Setyawan M. Adin
Published: September 2023

Tradisi maulid merupakan peringatan Hari Kelahiran Nabi Muhammad SAW. Bagi masyarakat Desa Tonggara, tradisi ini dilakukan sebagai perayaan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Islam, memperkuat keimanan kepada Allah SWT, kecintaan kepada Rasulullah SAW serta memperkokoh rasa persaudaraan yang menumbuhkan solidaritas sosial sesama umat muslim. Perayaan maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan suatu keharusan dalam masyarakat dan dirayakan setiap tahun berdasarkan budaya yang telah diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Tujuan dari penelitian mengkaji dan menganalisis solidaritas dalam tradisi maulid yang dibentuk melalui kepentingan bersama didasarkan pada perasaan moral dan kepercayaan yang dianut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik analisis data berdasarkan interprestasi dari data primer maupun sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perayaan tradisi maulid merupakan budaya dalam masyarakat Desa Tonggara yang didasarkan pada nilai nilai agama yang diperkuat oleh ikatan solidaritas seluruh masyarakat. Solidaritas yang terjadi diwujudkan dalam bentuk kesetiakawanan tanpa memandang status sosial dan kerjasama antar masyarakat dalam menjaga keeksistensian tradisi hingga sekarang.
Orientasi Kewirausahaan terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kinerja UMKM
Authors: Nst Alfazrin , Siregar Musannip Efendi , Pitriyani Pitriyani
Published: September 2023

The study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage and the performance of SMEs. This research was conducted on clothing retail store owners in the Labuhanbatu Regency area. The sample used was 130 respondents using non-probability methods in the form of incidental and purposive sampling. In this study using normality test techniques and path analysis with the help of the Amos software application. The results of this study found that entrepreneurial orientation proved to have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage; entrepreneurial orientation is proven to have a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs; as well as, competitive advantage has proven to have a positive and significant effect on performance of MSME.
Analisis Implementasi Pembelajaran STEM pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia di Kota Langsa
Authors: Aulia Khairunnisa  , Maisyarafina  , Putri Amanda  , Hasby  , Hasibuan Molani Paulina
Published: September 2023

STEM adalah singkatan dari Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Metode pembelajaran berbasis STEM merupakan suatu pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara bersamaan untuk menyelesaikan suatu kasus. Pembelajaran STEM dalam pendidikan bertujuan untuk menuntut siswa memiliki pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan untuk mengenali pertanyaan dan tantangan dalam kehidupan mereka, menjelaskan fenomena alam, merencanakan serta membuat simpulan berdasarkan bukti pada mata pelajaran STEM. Pendidikan STEM menawarkan kesempatan kepada guru untuk memperkenalkan siswa pada berbagai konsep untuk mengajarkan materi pengajaran. Salah satunya adalah pendekatan STEM, yang dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam ilmu alam (termasuk kimia). Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan metode kuesioner dalam format tertulis dan digital dengan menggunakan Google Form. Selain kuesioner, penelitian ini memanfaatkan Teknik wawancara sebagai sarana untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang pemahaman guru tentang STEM, kurikulum sekolah, dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Hasil keseluruhan yang diperoleh dari data faktor pendukung adalah 50%. Berdasarkan informasi kurikulum yang diberikan oleh para peneliti, 50% dicapai dalam bidang studi STEM. Dalam pendidikan STEM yang membentuk pembelajaran kimia, 13% kurikulumnya didedikasikan untuk pembelajaran STEM.
Penerapan Penilaian Tutor Sebaya pada Pembelajaran Kimia Terhadap Peningkatan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 2 Kejuruan Muda
Authors: Israyati  , Ratih Permana Sari
Published: September 2023

Kompetensi profesional merupakan kemampuan guru dalam menguasai materi pengetahuan sesuai mata pelajaran yang diampunya, diharapkan dapat diimplementasikan oleh guru tersebut sewaktu ia berada di dalam kelas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui peningkatan kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 2 Kejuruan Muda pada Pembelajaran Kimia Melalui Penerapan Tutor Sebaya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kimia dan siswa kelas XI yang menerima materi laju reaksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument  observasi RPS sesuai KKNI dan instrument penilaian tutor sebaya. Dari hasil pelaksanaan menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian belajar dapat dioptimalkan bagi peserta didik melalui penerapan tutor sebaya. Selain itu metode pembelajaran yang efektif dapat dilakukan bagi peserta didik melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran tutor sebaya. Tutor sebaya ini dapat terus dilakukan untuk pertemuan pembelajaran selanjutnya, meski materi pelajaran berbeda. Penilaian tutor sebaya sangat membantu untuk terlaksananya pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien karena peran guru menjadi berkurang, karena guru tidak lagi menjadi satu-satunya yang harus didengar.
BIOETHYLENE IS A PROMISING SOURCE OF ENERGY AND RAW MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Soloviev G.I. , Orlyk V.M. , Kolesnyk V.V. , Kozuberda A.A.
Published: September 2023

The modern development of energy, chemical technology and other industrial production sectors is largely focused on processes using renewable raw materials. In the structure of non-traditional energy sources the lion’s share belongs to biomass. The paper provides an prospects assessment for using the available, predominantly solid Ukrainian bioresources, total available amount of which as wood, grain straw and other domestic and industrial organic waste is more than 120 million tons per year, to meet state’s needs both for lubricant and fuel materials and raw materials for chemical industry. A following sequence of transformations for this problem solution were investigated: cellulose of the original raw biomaterial — glucose — bioethanol — ethylene. The option of increasing the effectiveness of the latter stage was considered of obtaining bioethane from bioethanol due to the use of the latest catalysts. The results both physical and computational study of bioethanol dehydration process are given, that allowed to reveal the peculiarities of process kinetics when proposed catalyst using. It is shown that, in addition to reducing energy consumption, the catalyst provides 91 % selectivity for ethylene at ~95 % of the biomethanol conversion rate. The initial data for the design of highly efficient catalytic processes and reactors for the dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene were obtained. Bibl. 20, Fig. 2, Tab. 3.
IDENTIFICATION SOURCES OF EMISSION PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN UKRAINE AND WAYS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM THE MOST PROBLEMATIC SOURCES
Authors: Chetverykov V.V. , Rossokha A.V. , Sigal I.Ya.
Published: September 2023

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) belong to a group of toxicants, which, due to their extremely dangerous impact on human health, is regulated by a special international agreement — the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Each Party to the Convention must develop and consistently update the National Implementation Plan for the requirements of this Convention. Ukraine developed a National Implementation Plan in 2007. Today, the plan needs to be revised and supplemented, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the structure of sources and volumes of POP emissions. During the time that has passed since the development of the first edition of the National Plan, new approaches have appeared to prevent the emission of POPs. The article contains the results of an expert analysis of changes in the volume and structure of POP emission sources in the world and in Ukraine. Calculations of POPs emissions, made according to the UNEP methodology, showed that the largest sources of POPs emissions in Ukraine are: sintering production and electric arc smelting of steel in ferrous metallurgy; production of thermal and electrical energy from biomass in the energy industry; incineration of solid household and hazardous waste. For the most problematic sources of POP emissions, the most promising methods and practices for preventing the formation and removal of POPs from the products of technological process have been determined. Bibl. 25, Fig. 4, Tab. 3.
Paul Meyvaеrt and Paul Devos: Duo Candelabra Cyrillomethodiana
Authors: Batalova Stilyana
Published: September 2023

The paper outlines in historiographical perspective Paul Meyvaert (1921–2015) and Paul Devos’ (1913–1995) contributions to the classification of the Latin hagiographical legends about Sts Cyril and Methodius. The author analyzes their three joint studies from 1955–1956. These studies first introduced into academic use the most comprehensive medieval copy of the so-called Italian legend discovered to date. They also explored its links to the literary activity of Leo of Ostia (1046–1115). Through P.Meyvaert’s fortuitous discovery, the two scholars proved that only the second redaction of the Italian Legend has survived. As a result of their research, they narrowed down the chronological limits of the appearance of its first redaction, compiled by Johannes Hymmonides and Gauderic of Velletri. They studied the manuscript tradition (of the Italian Legend) and proved that the reference to the episcopal rank of St Cyril and St Methodius is a late interpolation in the text. They established what influence Leo of Ostia ‘s redaction of the Italian Legend exerted on the literary production in the Benedictine monastery of San Clemente a Casauria in the last quarter of the 12th century and on some legendaries containing abridged legendae novae of the 13th and 14th centuries. P. Meyvaert and P. Devos also attempted to clarify the place of the so-called Moravian legend in the nexus of Latin Cyrillo-Methodian legends of the Bohemian lands.
The paper discusses the contributions of Meyvaert and Devos from the perspective of the development of Cyrillo-Methodian studies. It analyses the main approaches used for the successful solutions to age-old issues and the hypotheses that provoked debate with Jaroslav Ludvikovský.
The Slavonic Manuscript Heritage of the Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos ‒ Past and Present
Authors: Bobev Andrey
Published: September 2023

The literary treasures of the Holy Monastery of St. George the Zograf (widely known as Zograf Monastery) on Mount Athos, Greece, have attracted the scholarly attention for almost two centuries now. Built back in the X c., the Monastery has been inhabited by Slavic monks, predominantly Bulgarian in origin, for a millennium. Numerous medieval books have been taken by different visitors from the Monastery’s Library and “migrated”, mainly to the lands of the former Russian Empire. Despite that, due to the relative difficulties in terms of access, the Library and its manuscripts have neither seen proper cataloguing so far, nor have been studied to a sufficient extent. The present article makes an overview of several topics. First, it sketches the history of cataloguing attempts made for Zograf’s Library since XIX c. to contemporary undertakings. Second, it describes the current state of the Library’s repertoire, which is by far wider than expected until recently, and the formation of several teams with different fields of research in order to cover the whole range of thousands of hand-written books and documents spanning all over ten centuries. Third, the article traces the stages of the decade lasting (and still continuing) process of digitalization of the Zograf’s literary heritage and the attempts of providing its accessibility to the scholars – at least for its most valuable pieces, if not in total.
Materials to the catalogue description of manuscripts excerpted for Bibliotheca Homiletica Balcano-Slavica. III. Triodion Panegyrikon from Hilandar Monastery N 390
Authors: Danova Tsvetomira
Published: September 2023

This article is the third part of a series designed as a precursor of the forthcoming catalogue Bibliotheca Homiletica Balcano-Slavica. The series presents hitherto undescribed, unknown, or little known codices, all of which need some additional clarification of the information related to them. The present article introduces the hitherto undescribed Codex N 390 from the collection of the Hilandar Monastery in Mount Athos. The aim is to provide a complete description of the content of the manuscript, and also to give the basic and most important information about every one of the works included. Thе detailed description of the manuscript is of great importance for the completion of the catalogue Bibliotheca Homiletica Balcano-Slavica, and it will bring to the scholarly attention many valuable, unknown, or little known, mostly translated, works, enhancing our understanding of the reception of Byzantine rhetoric in the South Slavonic Medieval milieu.
The impact of advertising on the income of MSMEs in Ecuador
Authors: Perez-Campdesuner Reyner , Sanchez-Rodriguez Alexander , Garcia-Vidal Gelmar , Martinez-Vivar Rodobaldo
Published: September 2023

This research aims to evaluate the impact of advertising actions on sales levelin micro and small companies (MSMEs) operating in Ecuadorian territory. This investigation was initially based on the application of a survey to a sample of representative customers of micro and small companies. An in-depth analysis of the impact of advertising expenses on income in those organizations where it was found that there was a percentage of its customers who came to the organization motivated by advertising actions. As a main result, the existence of a high level of correlation between advertising expenses and income was verified, which are higher as these expenses increase and advertising actions remain stable over time. This implies that directors of MSMEs must evaluate their capability to carry out advertising expenses and to maintain these for long periods of time. The impact of advertising expenses on the income of organizations has been the subject of analysis for years, these investigations have been oriented fundamentally to the analysis of advertising in large industries, or of brands with a high level of prominence. However, the evaluation of this behaviour in the conditions of MSMEs is scarcely studied, and this type of company is the focus of this research. This study did not make a distinction between the effectiveness of the media chosen for the messages' distribution and the caliber of the advertising messages. Similarly, it failed to establish values or coefficients of relationship between the correlated variables.
The Potentials of Waqf to Attain Youth Empowerment for Low Level of Corruption and Peaceful Coexistence in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Dahiru Idriss Ibrahim , Gwadabe Nura Abubakar , Ab Rahman Asmak
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The study was aimed to explore the potential roles of waqf institutions in the provision of youth empowerment for low level of corruption in Kano State. The low level of corruption is one of the pillars of positive peace. Youth unemployment, lack of resources, lack of funding resulted in high corruption in the society, and this resulted in the increase in crime rate, insecurity and social vices among the youth in the state. The thread, insecurity situations, poverty, unemployment and deplorable conditions in Kano are at alarming rate, there are several cases of criminal activities among the youth which includes, thuggery, theft drug abuse among others this is due to unemployment, illiteracy and poverty. The youth’s conditions in Kano needs urgent attention to salvage the peace and tranquility of the state. Methodology -the research uses the qualitative approach to examine the potential role of waqf in addressing these issues and recommends the ways which waqf funds used to efficiently empowered the youth, Whereas, the interview was conducted, and the data were analyzed thematically. Findings- The waqf has the potentials in addressing the menace of unemployment, insecurity and other social vices among the youth in kano, lower the level of corruption and established peace. The study concluded that, waqf institutions has the potential role in addressing youth empowerment for the low level of corruption and peaceful coexistence in the state.
Prinsip Keanjalan Fatwa Menurut Perspektif Syarak
Authors: Ismail Abdul Manan , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran
Published: September 2023

Fatwa boleh ditakrifkan sebagai suatu penerangan mengenai hukum Syarak iaitu Undang-Undang Islam yang mengikut Al-Quran dan Sunnah Rasul Allah SWT.  Sesuatu fatwa yang dikeluarkan tersebut bersifat anjal kerana ia boleh berubah mengikut perubahan yang merangkumi aspek masa, tempat, situasi dan realiti. Walau bagaimanapun, keanjalan tersebut mestilah berdasarkan kepada beberapa garis panduan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Syarak. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan memperjelaskan prinsip keanjalan fatwa menurut perspektif Syarak. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini telah menggunakan metode dokumentasi sebagai kaedah kajian. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya akan dianalisis secara analisis dokumen bagi mencapai matlamat kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan, syariat Islam mempunyai dua komponen utama iaitu thabat yang merangkumi usul dan nilai manakala anjal berkaitan perkara cabang dan hal ehwal dunia. Berdasarkan kepada prinsip keanjalan fatwa, sesuatu fatwa boleh menerima perubahan berdasarkan kepada perubahan masa, keadaan, realiti dan tempat. Oleh itu, keanjalan hukum ini amat signifikan dalam memutuskan kemaslahatan manusia seiring peredaran zaman dan tempat.
Biorefinery Approach for Cassava Peels: A Review
Authors: Nur Najihah Zulkifli  , Karim Latiffah
Published: October 2023

Sustainability of energy has always become an issue globally as current energy supplies are depleting gradually. Humans were too dependent on natural gasses as a source of energy before, which brought us to this crisis as they are non-renewable energy and take up to a million years to recover. Not only that, prolonged utilization of this type of energy brought deterioration to our environment. Biofuels are one of the renewable energy sources that are favoured in the industry nowadays. They have the potential to replace non-renewable energy while simultaneously decrease the environmental damage. Sourced from various agricultural residues and other plant substances, lignocellulosic materials are capable of being converted to non-renewable energy due to their lavish availability through three basic steps, pre-treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review seeks to observe the prospect of cassava peels as a source for biofuels production and other value-added products such as formic acid, levulinic acid, glycolic acid and vanillin.
Quality index control for building products made of natural facing stone
Authors: Shamrai Volodymyr , Melnyk-Shamrai Viktoriia , Leonets Iryna , Korobiichuk Valentyn , Lutsenko Serhii
Published: September 2023

Purpose is to assess the influence of technological and natural factors on the decorative properties of natural facing stone to identify the regularities of changes in lightness and saturation of its surface. Methods. To assess the effect of technological and natural factors on the decorative properties of natural facing stone, methods of digital processing of images and infrared spectroscopy have been applied. The methods make it possible to obtain the data on the influence of mineralogical and chemical composition on the decorative properties of natural stone and characterize the physicochemical processes that occur during the natural stone processing by different methods. Findings. The regularities of changes in surface gloss of facing stone after its chemical treatment have been specified. It has been proved that all chemical impregnations increases stone gloss; the lower the initial indices of the natural stone surface gloss are, the greater stone changes are observed. In turn, that is caused by the fact that each type of natural stone has its own gloss limit. The regularities of lightness changes and surface saturation of natural facing stone after chemical treatment have been defined. They indicate that all agents reduce lightness and increase saturation of the natural stone surface (except Impregnation agent 3). According to the identified regularities, it is possible to control quality indices of the natural stone surface with simultaneous provision of uniform colour shade of a stone-faced building. The main problem arising during the study of surfaces of natural stone samples by means of infrared spectroscopy was inhomogeneity of its mineral-chemical composition over the sample area. As a result, various spectra have been obtained that are difficult to identify without the prepared reference samples. Complete infrared spectra of the natural stone surfaces of Pokostivskyi granodiorite and Bukivskyi gabbro. Both Pokostivskyi granodiorite and Bukivskyi gabbro have different infrared spectra within the analyzed range of wavelengths that can be explained by the difference in mineralogical composition of both natural stone types. Originality is in identifying the regularities of changes in lightness and saturation of the natural facing stone surface after its chemical treatment. Practical implications. The determined regularities of changes in lightness and saturation of the natural facing stone surface can help control the quality indices of the natural stone surface with the simultaneous provision of uniform colour shade of a stone-faced building.
Potential utilization of natural zeolite, fly ash and rice husk ash for geopolymer concrete production
Authors: Arifin Danang Nor , Sanwani Edy
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The experimental research purpose is to study the potential use of natural zeolite, fly ash, and rice husk ash for geopolymer concrete production based on the effect of the Al/Si ratio on microstructure properties and compressive strength. Methods. The formulation process is based on the ratio of Al/Si contained in the raw material, the selection of raw material grain size, mixing and molding of the geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete properties are analyzed in terms of compressive strength and microstructure properties. Findings. Fly ash, natural zeolite and rice husk ash can be used to produce new functional materials in the form of geopolymer concrete with a compressive strength of up to 16.74 MPa. The mixing formula is based on the ratio of Al/Si contained in the raw materials, and their ratio is 1:2; 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3.5 and 1:4. Geopolymer concrete specimens showed the required physical and mechanical properties. Originality. The originality of this research lies in the utilization of natural zeolite, fly ash, and rice husk ash as raw materials for geopolymer concrete production. This approach offers a practical solution by utilizing these common and readily available materials, rich in silica and alumina, to produce functional and environmentally friendly building materials. Practical implications. This research can provide a practical solution to the problem of natural zeolite, fly ash, and rice husk ash rich in silica and alumina, which can be utilized for geopolymer concrete production. Thus, geopolymer concrete can mainly be utilized as a building material for laying walls and floors in pedestrian areas and parks or for other purposes.