bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal longitudinal vibration in a nanorod, a system theoretic analysis
Authors: Heidari Hanif , Zwart Hans
Published: July 2022

Analysis of longitudinal vibration in a nanorod is an important subject in science and engineering due to its vast application in nanotechnology. This paper introduces a port-Hamiltonian formulation for the longitudinal vibrations in a nanorod, which shows that this model is essentially hyperbolic. Furthermore, it investigates the spectral properties of the associated system operator. Standard distributed control and feedback are shown not to be controllable nor stabilizing.
Maximal Aerobic Power Using the Modified Heck Protocol: Prediction
Models
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models based on an
incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion utilizing the modified Heck
protocol. A total of 598 professional and youth athletes participating in
different sports were recruited for this study. Specifically, the study enrolled
professional male soccer players (n=380), professional male futsal
players (n=24), elite male basketball players (n=27),
professional male soccer referees (n=50), elite female soccer players
(n=19), youth male basketball players (13–14 yrs
n=15, 15–17 yrs n=20) and youth male soccer
players (15 yrs n=28, 16–17 yrs n=35).
Anthropometric measurements included stature, body mass, and body fat.
Furthermore, all participants performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise
testing on a treadmill using the modified Heck protocol. Through multiple
regression analysis, a separate prediction model was developed for each of the
athletic populations. Results demonstrated that a significant (p=0.001)
proportion of the variation observed in VO2max was explained by the
variation in running time. The generated VO2max regression equations
would allow athletes and coaches to predict VO2max in a relatively
short time without the need for expensive and sophisticated equipment. To our
knowledge, this is the first study that provides regression models for different
athletic populations using the modified Heck protocol.
Effects of Flat and Uphill Cycling on the Power-duration Relationship
Authors: Hovorka Matthias , Leo Peter , Simon Dieter , Prinz Bernhard , Nimmerichter Alfred
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flat and uphill cycling on critical power and the work available above critical power. Thirteen well-trained endurance athletes performed three prediction trials of 10-, 4- and 1-min in both flat (0.6%) and uphill (9.8%) cycling conditions on two separate days. Critical power and the work available above critical power were estimated using various mathematical models. The best individual fit was used for further statistical analyses. Paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were applied to compare power output and parameter estimates between cycling conditions. Power output during the 10- and 4-min prediction trial and power output at critical power were not significantly affected by test conditions (all at p>0.05), but the limits of agreement between flat and uphill cycling power output and critical power estimates are too large to consider both conditions as equivalent. However, power output during the 1-min prediction trial and the work available above critical power were significantly higher during uphill compared to flat cycling (p<0.05). The results of this investigation indicate that gradient affects cycling time-trial performance, power output at critical power, and the amount of work available above critical power.
Implementation of CDK4/6 Inhibitors and its Influence on the Treatment Landscape of Advanced Breast Cancer Patients – Data from the Real-World Registry PRAEGNANT
Authors: Engler Tobias , Fasching Peter A. , Lüftner Diana , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Häberle Lothar , Ettl Johannes , Wallwiener Markus , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hein Alexander , Belleville Erik , Uhrig Sabrina , Wimberger Pauline , Hielscher Carsten , Kurbacher Christian M. , Wuerstlein Rachel , Untch Michael , Taran Florin-Andrei , Enzinger Hans-Martin , Krabisch Petra , Welslau Manfred , Maasberg Michael , Hempel Dirk , Lux Michael P. , Michel Laura L. , Janni Wolfgang , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas
Published: July 2022

Background Comprehensive data from prospective clinical trials have led to a high level of evidence establishing CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine treatment (CDK4/6i +
ET) as a standard for the treatment of HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive (HER2− HR+) breast cancer patients in the first-line advanced therapy setting. Data on patient populations
that have been treated in the real-world setting may provide an insight into changes of patient characteristics and prognosis over time.

Methods The data were extracted from the prospective real-world registry PRAEGNANT (NCT02338167). Patients had to have HER2− HR+ advanced breast cancer in the first-line metastatic
setting. The chosen therapies were described as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in relation to the given therapies and time periods during which they were
indicated.

Results CDK4/6 inhibitors have been rapidly implemented since their introduction in November 2016. In recent years (2018 – 2022), about 70 – 80% of the patient population have been
treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, while endocrine monotherapy was given to about 10% and chemotherapy to about 15% of all patients. The prognosis was worst in patients treated with
chemotherapy. Recently, mainly patients with a good prognosis are being treated with endocrine monotherapy, and patients who are treated with chemotherapy have an unfavorable prognosis. The
PFS and OS of patients treated with CDK4/6i + ET have remained similar over time despite changes in patient characteristics.

Conclusion A treatment with CDK4/6i + ET has rapidly become the therapy standard for patients in the first-line advanced breast cancer setting. After the implementation of CDK4/6i +
ET, endocrine monotherapy is only given to patients with a very favorable prognosis, while chemotherapy is provided to patients with a rather unfavorable prognosis. These changes in patient
characteristics did not seem to influence the prognosis of patients treated with CDK4/6i + ET.
Small-sized versus standard magnetic capsule endoscopy in adults: a two-center, double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Xi , Qiu Xiao-Ou , Li Zhen , Pan Jun , Peng Cheng , Zuo Xiu-Li , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen
Published: July 2022

Background Certain patients experience difficulty swallowing a video capsule endoscopy (VCE) device owing to its relatively large size. The newly developed small-sized magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) device is the smallest VCE device ever reported. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the small-sized MCE device in terms of ingestion and examination efficacy.

Methods Patients in two centers were prospectively enrolled and randomized to the small-sized or standard MCE groups. Differences in capsule ingestion difficulties, visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, and capsule transit times were compared.

Results 96 patients were enrolled (48 in each group). In the small-sized MCE group, the mean (SD) difficulty score and time to swallow the capsule, and success rate for swallowing the capsule at the first attempt were 0.6 (1.0), 3.4 (1.3) seconds, and 89.6 %, which was significant better compared with the standard MCE group with 3.1 (1.7), 12.0 (14.3) seconds and 60.4 %, respectively (all P < 0.001). Visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and small bowel were comparable between the two groups. The small-sized MCE group had a significantly shorter gastric transit time (49.4 minutes vs. 66.2 minutes; P = 0.04) and longer small-bowel transit time (5.8 hours vs. 5.0 hours; P = 0.045).

Conclusions The small-sized MCE device is feasible and safe for gastrointestinal examination, alleviating difficulties in capsule ingestion, improving gastric emptying under magnetic control, and prolonging the small-bowel transit time.
Light-Driven Palladium-Radical Hybrid Species: Mechanistic Aspects and Recent Examples
Authors: Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Paixão Márcio W. , Ferreira Marco A. B. , Dantas Juliana A. , Barboza Amanda A.
Published: July 2022

Visible-light-induced palladium-mediated reactions have become a novel and promising field in organic synthesis. This photocatalytic arsenal presents complementary features towards traditional Pd chemistry, allowing the achievement of new and unique reactivities by the generation of versatile Pd-radical hybrid species. These putative intermediates can be produced by direct excitation of Pd complexes, together with organic radical precursors. This review aims at describing recent advances regarding the combination of Pd-based photocatalytic manifolds and radical generation in the functionalization of important motifs in synthetic chemistry, encompassing detailed mechanistic descriptions and relevant examples.

1 Introduction

2 Homolytic Cleavage of C–X Bonds

3 Cyclizations, Desaturations and Atom Transfer Reactions

4 Homolytic Cleavage of N–O Bonds

5 Generation through Diazo Compounds

6 Generation of Acyl Radicals

7 Generation of Ketyl Radicals

8 Conclusions
Facile Synthesis of Benzo[c]chromen-6-ones via Base-Promoted Reaction of 4-Chloro-3-formylcoumarin and α,α-Dicyanoolefins
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Farajpour Behnaz
Published: July 2022

Herein, a chemoselective protocol for the facile and efficient synthesis of substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-ones is presented. The reaction took place under green and mild conditions with group-assisted purification (GAP) by using inexpensive and readily available precursors.
Effectiveness of Different Antimicrobial Agents on Malodor Prevention in Two-Stage Dental Implants: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Rismanchian Mansour , Dezaki Sara Nasrollahi
Published: July 2022

Objective Opening of a healing abutment in two-stage implant systems is usually followed by a bad smell. Previous studies have found that presence of bacteria in microleakages of the implant-abutment interface results in further malodor. However, studies focusing on preventive treatments for this issue are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two antimicrobial agents on prevention of malodor followed by opening the healing abutments.

Materials and Methods Current double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 51 eligible patients who were referred for their exposure surgery. They were divided equally into three parallel groups. In two groups, either chlorhexidine or tetracycline was added to the internal surface of the fixtures before screwing the healing abutments. One group did not receive any intervention. Three to 4 weeks later malodor was scored by sniffing the healing abutments immediately after uncovering them (odorless = 0/odor = 1). The three groups were then compared regarding malodor scores.

Results Our findings showed that malodor was more frequent in the control group (58.82%) in comparison with groups of intervention (17.65 and 23.53%). There was a statistically significant difference between malodor in patients in whom antimicrobial agents (chlorhexidine and tetracycline) were used in their implants and the control group (p-value = 0.023). However, malodor in the chlorhexidine group and tetracycline group did not show any significant difference (p-value = 1).

Conclusion Based upon the data from this study, it appears that local antimicrobial agents including chlorhexidine and tetracycline result in less malodor production within the implant-abutment interface.

Clinical Significance A specific type of malodor is commonly seen after opening the healing abutment of a two-stage dental implant. Not only this issue is noticed by the dentist, but also annoyed the patient. Using local antimicrobial agents in the fixtures is likely to be a simple, easily applicable solution that satisfies both patients and dentists, and eliminates the possibility of further inflammation.
Anatomical and Clinical Concepts in Distal Radius Volar Ulnar Corner fractures
Authors: Chiri Wael , MacLean Simon BM , Clarnette Jock , Eardley-Harris Nathan , White John , Bain Gregory I.
Published: July 2022

Background Volar ulnar corner fractures are a subset of distal radius fractures that can have disastrous complications if not appreciated, recognized, and appropriately managed. The volar ulnar corner of the distal radius is the “critical corner” between the radial calcar, distal ulna, and carpus and is responsible for maintaining stability while transferring force from the carpus.

Description Force transmitted from the carpus to the radial diaphysis is via the radial calcar. A breach in this area of thickened cortex may result in the collapse of the critical corner. The watershed ridge (line) is clinically important in these injuries and must be appreciated during planning and fixation. Fractures distal to the watershed ridge create an added level of complexity and associated injuries must be managed. An osteoligamentous unit comprises bone–ligament–bone construct. Volar ulnar corner fractures represent a spectrum of osteoligamentous injuries each with their own associated injuries and management techniques. The force from the initial volar ulnar corner fracture can propagate along the volar rim resulting in an occult volar ligament injury, which is a larger zone of injury than appreciated on radiographs and computerized tomography scan. These lesions are often underestimated at the time of fixation, and for this reason, we refer to them as sleeper lesions. Unfortunately, they may become unmasked once the wrist is mobilized or loaded.

Conclusions Management requires careful planning due to a relatively high rate of complications after fixation. A systematic approach to plate positioning, utilizing several fixation techniques beyond the standard volar rim plate, and utilizing fluoroscopy and/or arthroscopy is the key strategy to assist with management. In this article, we take a different view of the volar ulnar corner anatomy, applied anatomy of the region, associated injuries, and management options.
The Effect of Salivary pH on the Flexural Strength and Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Materials
Authors: Alzaid Maryam , AlToraibily Fatemah , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Al-Thobity Ahmad M. , Akhtar Sultan , Ali Saqib , Al-Harbi Fahad A. , Gad Mohammed M.
Published: July 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different salivary pH on flexural strength, hardness, and surface roughness of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled and three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resins.

Methods One heat-polymerized, two CAD/CAM milled (IvoCad, AvaDent), and two 3D-printed (FormLabs, NextDent) denture base resins were fabricated and divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the solutions: three groups were immersed in different salivary pH (5.7, 7.0, or 8.3), one group was immersed in distilled water (DW) as a positive control, and one group had no immersion (negative control). All immersions were performed at 37°C for 90 days. Flexural strength, hardness, and surface roughness were measured before and after immersion. Data was analyzed with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results After immersion, all specimens had lower flexural strength values when compared with those with no immersion. Comparing the immersion groups, the highest flexural strength value (93.96 ± 3.18 MPa) was recorded with IvoCad after immersion in DW while the lowest value (60.43 ± 2.66 MPa) was recorded with NextDent after being immersed in 7.0 pH saliva. All specimens had significant decrease in hardness except IvoCad and AvaDent specimens where both presented the highest surface hardness (53.76 ± 1.60 Vickers hardness number [VHN]) after immersion in DW while NextDent showed the lowest hardness value (24.91 ± 2.13 VHN) after being immersed in 8.3 pH saliva. There was statistically significant difference between the baseline and different artificial salivary pH solutions in terms of surfaces roughness, with the highest surface roughness were found in 3D-printed resin materials.

Conclusion After exposure to artificial saliva with different salivary pH, the milled CAD/CAM denture base resins showed higher flexural strength, hardness, and lesser surface roughness than conventional and 3D-printed denture base resins.
Minimally Invasive Fixation with Dorsal Suspension Button and Volar Plate in Distal Radius Fractures with Dorsal Die Punch Fragments: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Miró José Ignacio , Bensi Alejo García , Rodríguez Gustavo Luis Gómez , Clembosky Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the clinical and radiological results obtained using a minimally invasive fixation technique with a volar locking plate and a suspension system with a dorsal button in distal articular radius fractures with dorsal comminution.

Materials and Methods Six patients with distal radius fractures, between 19 and 68 years of age, were included in the study. Mean follow-up was of 15 weeks. Range of motion (ROM) in flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, pronation, supination, the strength in kilograms, and values on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) scales were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperative. Correction of anteroposterior diameter of the radius and concordance between postoperative anteroposterior diameter and the contralateral wrist diameter were evaluated radiologically.

Results The following mean values were obtained at 12 weeks postoperative: ROM in flexion: 40.5°, ROM in extension: 49.5°, ROM in radial deviation: 24.5°, ROM in ulnar deviation: 15°, ROM in pronation: 87°, ROM in supination: 89°, strength: 37.5 kg, pain in VAS scale: 2 points, DASH: 54.5 points, and MWS: 67.5 points. At 12 weeks postoperative, the mean correction of anteroposterior diameter was 0.49 mm. The anteroposterior diameter and that of the contralateral wrist were strongly correlated.

Conclusion Fixation with the volar locking plate and dorsal suspension button could be considered an alternative to dorsal plate fixation for treatment of distal radius fractures with comminution or associated dorsal die punch fragments.
Use of Continuous EEG Monitoring and Short-Term Outcomes in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Bozarth Xiuhua Liang , Ko Pin-Yi , Bao Hao , Abend Nicholas S. , Watson R Scott , Qu Pingping , Dervan Leslie A. , Morgan Lindsey A. , Wainwright Mark , McGuire John K. , Novotny Edward
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to compare short-term outcomes at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge in critically ill children with and without continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. We retrospectively compared 234 patients who underwent cEEG with 2294 patients without cEEG. Propensity score matching was used to compare patients with seizures and status epilepticus between cEEG and historical cohorts. The EEG cohort had higher in-hospital mortality, worse Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores, and greater PCPC decline at discharge. In patients with status epilepticus, the PCPC decline was higher in the cEEG cohort. PCPC decline at PICU discharge was associated with cEEG monitoring in patients with status epilepticus.
Press-Fit Hemihamate Arthroplasty for the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Takeya Hiroaki , Iwamoto Takuji , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Matsumura Noboru , Hosozawa Tetsuji , Iwabu Shohei
Published: July 2022

Background Chronic proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations with articular malunion are complex injuries. Hemihamate arthroplasty is an established technique for the management of both acute and chronic cases but is associated with several complications. We present the clinical experience of modified press-fit hemihamate arthroplasty.

Description of Technique The base of the middle phalanx was exposed from the volar side, and the cartilage defect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) was evaluated in the hyperextended position. A bone hole was created slightly toward the volar side to recreate the curvature of the PIPJ. The hemihamate osteochondral graft was harvested and fixed into the bone hole in a press-fit manner without using a screw. The volar plate and flexor tendon sheath were then reattached.

Patients and Methods The study included three patients with chronic dorsal fracture-dislocations of the PIPJ. All patients were treated for >6 weeks after the injury (average 11 weeks).

Results The average total arc of motion of the affected joint improved from 38 degrees before surgery to 80 degrees after surgery. Radiographically, bone union and congruity of the joint surface were achieved in all the patients. None of the treated patients complained of resting pain and reported minimal pain during activity (average visual analog scale 0.5; range 0–1.4).

Conclusions Press-fit hemihamate arthroplasty is a safe and effective procedure for treating chronic PIPJ fracture-dislocations without the risk of screw protrusion.
Functionally Addressing Perioral Impairments of the Paralyzed Face
Authors: Flynn John , Kaufman-Goldberg Tal
Published: July 2022

Management of facial palsy is targeted toward correction of individual patient concerns. Both esthetic perioral changes to the face and functional perioral deficits are commonly concerning to patients with facial paly. Herein, we review perioral impairments resulting from both flaccid and postparalytic facial palsy. Additionally, we discuss targeted therapy and a multitude of technical interventions aimed at restoring perioral functionality to optimize oral competence, speech articulation, and quality of life for facial palsy patients.
Mountain habitats influence bird songs and behaviors
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2022

Numerical model illustrates the effects of mountain terrain on the audible range of birdsong, with implications for bird behavior.
Accurate diffusion coefficients of the excess proton and hydroxide in water via extensive ab initio simulations with different schemes
Authors: Muñoz-Santiburcio Daniel
Published: July 2022

Despite its simple molecular formula, obtaining an accurate in silico description of water is far from straightforward. Many of its very peculiar properties are quite elusive, and in particular, obtaining good estimations of the diffusion coefficients of the solvated proton and hydroxide at a reasonable computational cost has been an unsolved challenge until now. Here, I present extensive results of several unusually long ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing different combinations of the Born–Oppenheimer and second-generation Car–Parrinello MD propagation methods with different ensembles (NVE and NVT) and thermostats, which show that these methods together with the RPBE-D3 functional provide a very accurate estimation of the diffusion coefficients of the solvated H3O+ and OH− ions, together with an extremely accurate description of several properties of neutral water (such as the structure of the liquid and its diffusion and shear viscosity coefficients). In addition, I show that the estimations of DH3O+ and DOH− depend dramatically on the simulation length, being necessary to reach timescales in the order of hundreds of picoseconds to obtain reliable results.
Giant anomalous charge-spin conversion at Co/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb0.7Ti0.3O3 interfaces
Authors: Liu Fufu , Jin Ying , Zhao Yibing , Jia Chenglong , Jiang Changjun
Published: July 2022

An efficient out-of-plane anti-damping spin–orbit torque (SOT) is in great demand for high-density spintronic devices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Despite its importance, direct realization of such SOT in a single magnetic layer is scarce and has remained challenging. Here, we present experimental evidence uncovering unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping torques in the Co film deposited on the ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN–PT) substrate. We show via spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance that both Rashba- and unconventional-type SOT give rise to a high-efficient charge-to-spin conversion. The strong magnetoelectric effect at the Co/PMN-PT interface allows further directly electric-field control of the conversion.
Zero-cost corrections to influence functional coefficients from bath response functions
Authors: Bose Amartya
Published: July 2022

Recent work has shown that it is possible to circumvent the calculation of the spectral density and directly generate the coefficients of the discretized influence functionals using data from classical trajectory simulations. However, the accuracy of this procedure depends on the validity of the high temperature approximation. In this work, an alternative derivation based on the Kubo formalism is provided. This enables the calculation of additional correction terms that increases the range of applicability of the procedure to lower temperatures. Because it is based on the Kubo-transformed correlation function, this approach allows the direct use of correlation functions obtained from methods such as ring-polymer molecular dynamics and centroid molecular dynamics in determining the influence functional coefficients for subsequent system-solvent simulations. The accuracy of the original procedure and the corrected procedure is investigated across a range of parameters. It is interesting that the correction term comes at zero additional cost. Furthermore, it is possible to improve upon the correction using zero-cost physical intuition and heuristics making the method even more accurate.
Si/TiSi2/G@void@C composite with good electrochemical performance as anode of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Zhang Yuchao , Duan Pengxin , Wang Ye , Chen Zhiyuan , Zhong Yanjun , Wu Zhenguo , Zhang Zhiye
Published: July 2022

Silicon anode has been vigorously developed as an up-and-coming candidate for anode materials of lithium ion batteries, as it is featured by the sizeable theoretical capacity and resource superiority. However, it cannot be unrestrictedly adopted in practice because of the enormous volumetric change during the process of lithiation–delithiation again and again, as well as the low electrical conductivity. Herein, we expect to solve its intrinsic weakness through a synergy strategy that combines metal alloying, cavity structure, and carbon compositing. Si/TiSi2/G@void@C (STGvC) composites were designed and synthesized by induction melting and mechanical ball milling methods, adopting silicon waste produced in the photovoltaic industry and titanium-bearing blast furnace slag produced in the steel industry as raw materials. Meanwhile, the synthesis employs NaCl as a pore-forming agent, and polyvinyl pyrrolidon and waste graphite as carbon sources. As a result, the optimized STGvC sample with adding appropriate amount of NaCl harvests favorable cycling performance. It still records a discharge capacity of 886.6 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles during the circulating process at 1600 mA g−1. This investigation presents a unique strategy to prepare Si-based anodes with bright future and makes the effective utilization of industrial solid waste in the battery industry possible.
Modelling initial attack success on forest fires suppressed by air attack in the province of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wheatley Melanie , Wotton B. Mike , Woolford Douglas G. , Martell David L. , Johnston Joshua M.
Published: July 2022

Airtankers are often used on initial attack (IA) to suppress unwanted wildland fires quickly and contain them before they grow large. Skimmer airtankers are commonly used in the province of Ontario owing to its abundance of waterbodies. We examined the influence of airtanker use on IA success on fires actioned by air attack in Ontario using historical fire records and developed three statistical models to estimate the probability of IA success using information available at three different times during the fire response process. These models include information available to the fire management agency at the time the fire was reported, when IA began and during the IA suppression operations. Our findings indicate that the situational information about a fire obtained during IA provides better estimates of the probability of IA success, as demonstrated by increases in the predictive accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve compared with a model that is based only on information available at the time a fire is reported. Our results can inform pre-suppression planning and suppression resource allocation decision-making, particularly on days during which many new fires are expected to be reported.
An extracellular scaffolding complex confers unusual rectification upon an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor in
C. elegans
Authors: Jospin Maëlle , Bonneau Benjamin , Lainé Viviane , Bessereau Jean-Louis
Published: July 2022

Biophysical properties of ligand-gated receptors can be profoundly modified by auxiliary subunits or by the lipid microenvironment of the membrane. Hence, it is sometimes challenging to relate the properties of receptors reconstituted in heterologous expression systems to those of their native counterparts. Here we show that the properties of
Caenorhabditis elegans
levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors (L-AChRs), the ionotropic acetylcholine receptors targeted by the cholinergic anthelmintic levamisole at neuromuscular junctions, can be profoundly modified by their clustering machinery. We uncovered that L-AChRs exhibit a strong outward rectification in vivo, which was not previously described in heterologous systems. This unusual feature for an ionotropic AChR is abolished by disrupting the interaction of the receptors with the extracellular complex required for their synaptic clustering. When recorded at −60 mV, levamisole-induced currents are similar in the wild type and in L-AChR-clustering–defective mutants, while they are halved in these mutants at more depolarized physiological membrane potentials. Consequently, levamisole causes a strong muscle depolarization in the wild type, which leads to complete inactivation of the voltage-gated calcium channels and to an irreversible flaccid paralysis. In mutants defective for L-AChR clustering, the levamisole-induced depolarization is weaker, allowing voltage-gated calcium channels to remain partially active, which eventually leads to adaptation and survival of the worms. This explains why historical screens for
C. elegans
mutants resistant to levamisole identified the components of the L-AChR clustering machinery, in addition to proteins required for receptor biosynthesis or efficacy. This work further emphasizes the importance of pursuing ligand-gated channel characterization in their native environment.
Specialization of the photoreceptor transcriptome by
Srrm3
-dependent microexons is required for outer segment maintenance and vision
Authors: Ciampi Ludovica , Mantica Federica , López-Blanch Laura , Permanyer Jon , Rodriguez-Marín Cristina , Zang Jingjing , Cianferoni Damiano , Jiménez-Delgado Senda , Bonnal Sophie , Miravet-Verde Samuel , Ruprecht Verena , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Banfi Sandro , Carrella Sabrina , Serrano Luis , Head Sarah A. , Irimia Manuel
Published: July 2022

Retinal photoreceptors have a distinct transcriptomic profile compared to other neuronal subtypes, likely reflecting their unique cellular morphology and function in the detection of light stimuli by way of the ciliary outer segment. We discovered a layer of this molecular specialization by revealing that the vertebrate retina expresses the largest number of tissue-enriched microexons of all tissue types. A subset of these microexons is included exclusively in photoreceptor transcripts, particularly in genes involved in cilia biogenesis and vesicle-mediated transport. This microexon program is regulated by
Srrm3
, a paralog of the neural microexon regulator
Srrm4
. Despite the fact that both proteins positively regulate retina microexons in vitro, only
Srrm3
is highly expressed in mature photoreceptors. Its deletion in zebrafish results in widespread down-regulation of microexon inclusion from early developmental stages, followed by other transcriptomic alterations, severe photoreceptor defects, and blindness. These results shed light on the transcriptomic specialization and functionality of photoreceptors, uncovering unique cell type-specific roles for
Srrm3
and microexons with implications for retinal diseases.
Intersectionality within the racial justice movement in the summer of 2020
Authors: Fisher Dana R. , Rouse Stella M.
Published: July 2022

In an environment that is high in racial justice saliency, how do identities inform motivation for supporting specific issues in the crowd? This study examines the role that intersectionality played in mobilizing participants to join the mass demonstrations sparked by the murder of George Floyd. Building on recent studies that show how protest participants connect issue-based concerns with their identities to boost support for movements, we analyze data collected through surveys with a random sample of activists participating in the protests after George Floyd’s death in Washington, DC, in 2020. We find that intersectional motivations played a significant role in mobilizing protest participants. Analysis of these factors helps explain the diversity of the crowd and provides insights into how the movement may contribute to greater success for racial justice and the degree to which the movement has staying power.
The global succinylation of SARS-CoV-2–infected host cells reveals drug targets
Authors: Liu Quan , Wang Heming , Zhang He , Sui Liyan , Li Letian , Xu Wang , Du Shouwen , Hao Pengfei , Jiang Yuhang , Chen Jing , Qu Xiaoyun , Tian Mingyao , Zhao Yinghua , Guo Xuerui , Wang Xingye , Song Wu , Song Guangqi , Wei Zhengkai , Hou Zhijun , Wang Guoqing , Sun Minhua , Li Xiao , Lu Huijun , Zhuang Xinyu , Jin Ningyi , Zhao Yicheng , Li Chang , Liao Ming
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, undergoes continuous evolution, highlighting an urgent need for development of novel antiviral therapies. Here we show a quantitative mass spectrometry-based succinylproteomics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Caco-2 cells, revealing dramatic reshape of succinylation on host and viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes succinylation of several key enzymes in the TCA, leading to inhibition of cellular metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that host protein succinylation is regulated by viral nonstructural protein (NSP14) through interaction with sirtuin 5 (SIRT5); overexpressed SIRT5 can effectively inhibit virus replication. We found succinylation inhibitors possess significant antiviral effects. We also found that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and membrane proteins underwent succinylation modification, which was conserved in SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Collectively, our results uncover a regulatory mechanism of host protein posttranslational modification and cellular pathways mediated by SARS-CoV-2, which may become antiviral drug targets against COVID-19.
Boosted ammonium production by single cobalt atom catalysts with high Faradic efficiencies
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Miao , An Ning , Zhang Shuo , Song Qinan , Yang Yilin , Li Jing , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2022

Efficient
n
= O bond activation is crucial for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen compounds, which is highly affected by the construction of active centers. In this study,
n
= O bond activation was achieved by a single-atom catalyst (SAC) with phosphorus anchored on a Co active center to form intermediate
N
-species for further hydrogenation and reduction. Unique phosphorus-doped discontinuous active sites exhibit better
n
= O activation performance than conventional
N
-cooperated single-atom sites, with a high Faradic efficiency of 92.0% and a maximum ammonia yield rate of 433.3 μg NH4·h
−1
·cm
−2
. This approach of constructing environmental sites through heteroatom modification significantly improves atom efficiency and will guide the design of future functional SACs with wide-ranging applications.
A versatile fluorescence-quenched substrate for quantitative measurement of glucocerebrosidase activity within live cells
Authors: Deen Matthew C. , Zhu Yanping , Gros Christina , Na Na , Gilormini Pierre-André , Shen David L. , Bhosale Sandeep , Anastasi Nadia , Wang RuiQi , Shan Xiaoyang , Harde Eva , Jagasia Ravi , Lynn Francis C. , Vocadlo David J.
Published: July 2022

Loss of activity of the lysosomal glycosidase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) causes the lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD) and has emerged as the greatest genetic risk factor for the development of both Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. There is significant interest into how GCase dysfunction contributes to these diseases, however, progress toward a full understanding is complicated by presence of endogenous cellular factors that influence lysosomal GCase activity. Indeed, such factors are thought to contribute to the high degree of variable penetrance of
GBA
mutations among patients. Robust methods to quantitatively measure GCase activity within lysosomes are therefore needed to advance research in this area, as well as to develop clinical assays to monitor disease progression and assess GCase-directed therapeutics. Here, we report a selective fluorescence-quenched substrate, LysoFQ-GBA, which enables measuring endogenous levels of lysosomal GCase activity within living cells. LysoFQ-GBA is a sensitive tool for studying chemical or genetic perturbations of GCase activity using either fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. We validate the quantitative nature of measurements made with LysoFQ-GBA using various cell types and demonstrate that it accurately reports on both target engagement by GCase inhibitors and the
GBA
allele status of cells. Furthermore, through comparisons of GD, PD, and control patient-derived tissues, we show there is a close correlation in the lysosomal GCase activity within monocytes, neuronal progenitor cells, and neurons. Accordingly, analysis of clinical blood samples using LysoFQ-GBA may provide a surrogate marker of lysosomal GCase activity in neuronal tissue.
In situ visualization of multicomponents coevolution in a battery pouch cell
Authors: Zan Guibin , Qian Guannan , Gul Sheraz , Li Jizhou , Matusik Katie , Wang Yong , Lewis Sylvia , Yun Wenbing , Pianetta Piero , Vine David J. , Li Linsen , Liu Yijin
Published: July 2022

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a broadly adopted technology for energy storage. With increasing demands to improve the rate capability, cyclability, energy density, safety, and cost efficiency, it is crucial to establish an in-depth understanding of the detailed structural evolution and cell-degradation mechanisms during battery operation. Here, we present a laboratory-based high-resolution and high-throughput X-ray micro–computed laminography approach, which is capable of in situ visualizing of an industry-relevant lithium-ion (Li-ion) pouch cell with superior detection fidelity, resolution, and reliability. This technique enables imaging of the pouch cell at a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm in a laboratory system and permits the identification of submicron features within cathode and anode electrodes. We also demonstrate direct visualization of the lithium plating in the imaged pouch cell, which is an important phenomenon relevant to battery fast charging and low-temperature cycling. Our development presents an avenue toward a thorough understanding of the correlation among multiscale structures, chemomechanical degradation, and electrochemical behavior of industry-scale battery pouch cells.
Direct measuring of single–heterogeneous bubble nucleation mediated by surface topology
Authors: Deng Xiaoli , Shan Yun , Meng Xiaohui , Yu Zhaoyang , Lu Xiaoxi , Ma Yunqing , Zhao Jiao , Qiu Dong , Zhang Xianren , Liu Yuwen , Chen Qianjin
Published: July 2022

Heterogeneous bubble nucleation is one of the most fundamental interfacial processes ranging from nature to technology. There is excellent evidence that surface topology is important in directing heterogeneous nucleation; however, deep understanding of the energetics by which nanoscale architectures promote nucleation is still challenging. Herein, we report a direct and quantitative measurement of single-bubble nucleation on a single silica nanoparticle within a microsized droplet using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Local gas concentration at nucleation is determined from finite element simulation at the corresponding faradaic current of the peak-featured voltammogram. It is demonstrated that the criteria gas concentration for nucleation first drops and then rises with increasing nanoparticle radius. An optimum nanoparticle radius around 10 nm prominently expedites the nucleation by facilitating the special topological nanoconfinements that consequently catalyze the nucleation. Moreover, the experimental result is corroborated by our theoretical calculations of free energy change based on the classic nucleation theory. This study offers insights into the impact of surface topology on heterogenous nucleation that have not been previously observed.
IRSp53 promotes postsynaptic density formation and actin filament bundling
Authors: Feng Zhe , Lee Suho , Jia Bowen , Jian Tao , Kim Eunjoon , Zhang Mingjie
Published: July 2022

IRSp53 (aka BAIAP2) is a scaffold protein that couples membranes with the cytoskeleton in actin-filled protrusions such as filopodia and lamellipodia. The protein is abundantly expressed in excitatory synapses and is essential for synapse development and synaptic plasticity, although with poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show that specific multivalent interactions between IRSp53 and its binding partners PSD-95 or Shank3 drive phase separation of the complexes in solution. IRSp53 can be enriched to the reconstituted excitatory PSD (ePSD) condensates via bridging to the core and deeper layers of ePSD. Overexpression of a mutant defective in the IRSp53/PSD-95 interaction perturbs synaptic enrichment of IRSp53 in mouse cortical neurons. The reconstituted PSD condensates promote bundled actin filament formation both in solution and on membranes, via IRSp53-mediated actin binding and bundling. Overexpression of mutants that perturb IRSp53–actin interaction leads to defects in synaptic maturation of cortical neurons. Together, our studies provide potential mechanistic insights into the physiological roles of IRSp53 in synapse formation and function.
Thermal environment analysis for TianQin: II. Solar irradiance disparity across constellation
Authors: Chen Houyuan , Ling Chen , Yao Ziyang , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhao Xin , Ding Yanwei
Published: July 2022

Space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors aim to detect GWs in low and middle frequency ranges, as a complement to the terrestrial detectors like LIGO and VIRGO. As the detectors are extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuation, great efforts have been taken to perform thermal analyses on the satellite platforms. Our previous work analysed the external thermal environment of an individual satellite for the TianQin mission. This paper raises the issue of thermal disparity across the triangular constellation. Based on optimized orbits of the TianQin, the LISA, the eLISA/NGO, and the ASTROD-GW, we evaluate the solar irradiance differences between adjacent satellites and make comparisons of the results among the missions. We subsequently introduce a universal relation to describe how orbit type and arm lengths may affect the maximum disparity. For the geocentric orbits of TianQin, we further extend the discussion on the science observation windows.
Homogeneous three-dimensional Lorentzian spaces
Authors: Ferrando Joan Josep , Sáez Juan Antonio
Published: July 2022

The necessary and sufficient conditions for a three-dimensional Lorentzian metric to admit a transitive group of isometries are obtained. These conditions are intrinsic, deductive, explicit and algorithmic, and they offer an IDEAL labeling of these geometries.
Flow-insensitive micro-thermal conductivity detector with semi-diffusion gas channel
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhou Hong , Wang Yi , Wu Ming , Liu Yanxiang , Huang Gang , Li Tie
Published: July 2022

A novel micro-thermal conductivity detector with a semi-diffusion gas channel is demonstrated. This semi-diffusion channel can reduce the flow-rate interference significantly by lowering the gas flow velocity above the hot film and maintains fast response speed at the same time. Simulations indicate that the semi-diffusion type with triangular shape has the best flow-insensitive effect. When the temperature of the hot film is about 500 K, the maximal temperature deviation of the hot film caused by flow rate change in this case can be decreased by 82.4% compared with the traditional straight type. Experiments are carried under the conditions of sample and carrier gas commonly used in gas chromatograph (GC), which is achieved by using He and CO2. With the sample gas flow ranging from 1 to 20 sccm, the voltage deviation in the semi-diffusion type is reduced for as much as 85.1% of that in the straight type. This effect is also verified in binary gases with various thermal conductivities. In addition, the recovery time of the semi-diffusion design is almost the same as the straight type, less than 170 ms, indicating it is suitable for the rapid gas detection in GC.
Analytical modeling of a MEMS beam resonator with release-etch holes
Authors: Ozaki Takashi , Ohta Norikazu , Fujiyoshi Motohiro
Published: July 2022

In this study, a simplified reduced-order modeling scheme is developed to determine the resonant frequency of a doubly clamped beam microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator with square release-etch holes. New formulations of the effective bending and shear stiffnesses are proposed and applied to the Timoshenko beam equations. The model is validated by comparison with finite element analysis results. The results show that the model can achieve high accuracy for a wide range of dimensions. In conclusion, the developed model is expected to contribute to reduced-order modeling of MEMSs devices.
A Dirac R-matrix calculation for the electron-impact excitation of W+
Authors: Dunleavy N L , Ballance C P , Ramsbottom C A , Johnson C A , Loch S D , Ennis D A
Published: July 2022

Aims: tungsten has been chosen for use as a plasma facing component in the divertor for the ITER experiment, and is currently being used on existing tokamaks such as JET. W+ plays an integral role in assessing the impurity influx from plasma facing component of tokamaks and subsequent redeposition. Together with previously calculated a neutral tungsten electron-impact dataset this study allows us to determine neighbouring spectral lines in the same wavelength window of the spectrometer, and detect if there is strong blending of overlapping lines between these two ion stages as well as providing ionisation per photon ratios for both species. The new data is to be used for tungsten erosion/redeposition diagnostics. Methods: a significantly modified version of the GRASP0 atomic structure code in conjunction with DARC (Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code) are used to calculate the Einstein A coefficients and collisional rates used to generate a synthetic W II spectrum. The W II spectrum is compared against tungsten spectral emission experiments. Results: this study is used to model the spectrum of W ii, providing the predictive capability of identifying spectral lines from recent experiments. These results provide an integral part of impurity influx and redeposition determination, as the ionisation rates may be used to calculate S/XB ratios.