bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient and organizational factors related to education and support use by Veterans with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pogoda Terri K. , Cramer Irene E. , Meterko Mark , Lin Hai , Hendricks Ann , Holloway Robert G. , Charns Martin P.
Published: July 2009

Patient education and support services are recognized in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as important to the patient‐centered treatment of Parkinson's disease. Indeed, educating patients is one of the missions of the VA's six specialty Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECCs). We compared VA education/support services utilization by whether or not a patient's VA Medical Center (VAMC) contained a PADRECC. Our sample included Parkinson's disease patients from VAMCs with (n = 882) and without (n = 1,448) PADRECCs. Patients completed surveys that asked about demographic/individual characteristics, health status/function, and education/support utilization. Results showed that 15.8% (n = 354) of all patients utilized education/support services. Patients at PADRECC VAMCs were generally healthier and more educated than other VAMC patients. After statistically controlling for these differences, however, being a patient at a PADRECC VAMC site and using only VA providers (as compared to a combination of VA and non‐VA providers) were significant predictors of education/support utilization. Further, proportionally more PADRECC VAMC site patients reported higher satisfaction and receiving a broad range of information from different modalities as compared to other VAMC patients. These findings suggest that PADRECC VAMCs are providing educational/support activities consistent with these specialty centers' goals. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
One‐stage reconstruction of the complex midfoot defect with a multiple osteotomized free fibular osteocutaneous flap: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Dimitrios Pafilas , Alexandros Beris E.
Published: July 2009

Complex midfoot defects represent a reconstructive challenge since midfoot plays a key role in standing and gait. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old patient with a complex midfoot defect due to a high‐energy gun shot injury. The defect included the tarsometatarsal complex, all three arches of the foot, and the overlying dorsal skin of the foot. Reconstruction was achieved in a single stage with a free fibular osteocutaneous flap. The fibula was osteotomized into three segments, which were used to reconstruct the bone defects, while the skin paddle of the flap was used for stable soft tissue coverage of the reconstructed bony skeleton. Early and late postoperative periods were uneventful. Bone incorporation was radiographically evident at 12 weeks, and full weight bearing was possible at 6 months postop. Final follow up, at 2 years postop, showed a very good functional and esthetic outcome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
A note on vortex solutions of Landau–Lifshitz equation
Authors: Pu Xueke , Guo Boling
Published: July 2009

In this short note, by using the ideas of shooting method, we show that there exists no finite energy vortex solution to the Landau–Lifshitz equation without anisotropy for prescribed boundary values. Based on comparisons between the present result and the previous ones, we see that the isotropic terms play an important role in Landau–Lifshitz equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of 31P NMR spectroscopy and chemical derivatization for metabolite profiling of lipophilic compounds in human serum
Authors: DeSilva M. Aruni , Shanaiah Narasimhamurthy , Nagana Gowda G. A. , Rosa‐Pérez Kellymar , Hanson Bryan A. , Raftery Daniel
Published: July 2009

New methods for obtaining metabolic fingerprints of biological samples with improved resolution and sensitivity are highly sought for early disease detection, studies of human health and pathophysiology, and for better understanding systems biology. Considering the complexity of biological samples, interest in biochemical class selection through the use of chemoselective probes for improved resolution and quantitation is increasing. Considering the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, in this study fingerprinting of lipid metabolites was achieved by 31P labeling using the derivatizing agent 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxaphospholane. Lipids containing hydroxyl, aldehyde and carboxyl groups were selectively tagged with 31P and then detected with good resolution using 31P NMR by exploiting the 100% natural abundance and wide chemical shift range of 31P. After standardizing the reaction conditions using representative compounds, the derivatization approach was used to profile lipids in human serum. The results show that the 31P derivatization approach is simple, reproducible and highly quantitative, and has the potential to profile a number of important lipids in complex biological samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification, isolation, and RT‐PCR analysis of single stage‐specific spermatogenetic cells obtained from portions of seminiferous tubules classified by transillumination microscopy
Authors: Vasco Chiara , Zuccotti Maurizio , Redi Carlo Alberto , Garagna Silvia
Published: July 2009

The protocol here described allows the analysis of gene expression in single specific mouse spermatogenetic cells. Germ cells were singularly isolated by microdissection of portions of seminiferous tubules classified, based on their transillumination pattern, into four distinct zones along their length. Single portions of a seminiferous tubule, corresponding to specific zones, were mechanically disaggregated into single cells that were (1) identified as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round or elongated spermatids, (2) isolated using a micromanipulator, and (3) singularly transferred into a test tube for retro‐transcription PCR analysis. On each single isolated cell, we have determined the quantitative profile of expression of Gapdh, an endogenous housekeeping gene known to be expressed throughout spermatogenesis. The protocol described allows an accurate analysis of the temporal and quantitative profile of gene expression throughout the whole male gamete differentiation process which so far has mainly been performed on enriched population of cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1173–1177, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reflections on E. E. Just, Black Apollo of Science, and the experiences of African American scientists
Authors: Manning Kenneth R.
Published: July 2009

The text below is a transcript of the keynote address Kenneth Manning gave at the symposium honoring E. E. Just that was held on the campus of Howard University on November 21, 2008. In his talk, Manning reflects on his experiences researching and writing Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just, his prize‐winning biography published in 1983. In the process, he retells the fascinating story of the life of E. E. Just. Manning also discusses a number of other topics, including Just's legacy, the role of African Americans in science, and the importance of having minority representation on college campuses.

(Transcribed by: W. Malcolm Byrnes, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.) Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 897–902, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological diagnosis and patterns of response to treatment of botulism with neuromuscular respiratory failure
Authors: Kongsaengdao Subsai , Samintarapanya Kanoksri , Rusmeechan Siwarit , Sithinamsuwan Pasiri , Tanprawate Surat
Published: July 2009

In this study we describe the electrophysiological findings in botulism patients with neuromuscular respiratory failure from major botulism outbreaks in Thailand. High‐rate repetitive nerve stimulation testing (RNST) of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle of 17 botulism patients with neuromuscular respiratory failure showed mostly incremental responses, especially in response to >20‐HZ stimulation. In the most severe stage of neuromuscular respiratory failure, RNST failed to elicit a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the ADM muscle. In the moderately severe stage, the initial CMAPs were of very low amplitude, and a 3‐HZ RNST elicited incremental or decremental responses. A 10‐HZ RNST elicited mainly decremental responses. In the early recovery stage, the initial CMAP amplitudes of the ADM muscle improved, with initially low amplitudes and an incremental response to 3‐ and 10‐HZ RNSTs. Improved electrophysiological patterns of the ADM muscle correlated with improved respiratory muscle function. Incremental responses to 20‐HZ RNST were most useful for diagnosis. The initial electrodiagnostic sign of recovery following treatment of neuromuscular respiratory failure was an increased CMAP amplitude and an incremental response to 10–20‐HZ RNST. Muscle Nerve 40: 271–278, 2009
Noninvasive model of sciatic nerve conduction in healthy and septic mice: Reliability and normative data
Authors: Osuchowski Marcin F. , Teener James , Remick Daniel
Published: July 2009

Neuromuscular disorders frequently complicate sepsis and other critical illnesses in patients. Mice are the major species used as a model for sepsis. Nerve conduction studies (NCS), the primary tool for noninvasive assessment of nerve and muscle function, is challenging to perform in small animals. A reliable method for noninvasive, repeated NCS testing has not been reported in mice. We developed and validated a method for the repeated measurement of mouse sciatic nerve conduction in normal and septic mice. Our sedated and awake NCS system enabled minimally invasive long‐term repeated measurements. The mean compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency were 17.4 mV and 1.11 ms, respectively (n = 59). There was an excellent intertester reproducibility by linear regression in both normal (r = 0.95) and septic (r = 0.98) mice. We also showed significant, time‐dependent isoflurane‐induced CMAP suppression in all animals, which was further exacerbated in septic mice. This study provides a new tool for the assessment of peripheral nerve/muscle function in mouse neuromuscular disease models that require repeated, long‐term, and minimally invasive monitoring. Muscle Nerve, 2009
SOD1 (A4V)‐mediated ALS presenting with lower motor neuron facial diplegia and unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Salameh Johnny S. , Atassi Nazem , David William S.
Published: July 2009

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative neuromuscular disease that presents with upper and lower motor neuron signs. Although the majority of ALS cases are sporadic, 10% are familial, of which 20%–25% result from mutations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. We describe a novel case of SOD1 (A4V)‐mediated ALS that presented with lower motor neuron facial diplegia and unilateral vocal cord paralysis. This case expands the phenotypic expression of the A4V mutation. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Sensorimotor neuronopathy in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2
Authors: Gazulla José , Benavente Isabel , López‐Fraile Isabel Pérez , Modrego Pedro , Koenig Michel
Published: July 2009

Two siblings with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) exhibited electrophysiological findings suggestive of a sensorimotor neuronopathy, and primary ovarian failure was detected in one of them. Genetic analysis disclosed a novel, homozygous frameshift mutation in the senataxin gene, 2755_2756delGT, responsible for a premature stop codon at position 2760. It is suggested that a neuronopathy might cause the neuromuscular disturbance in AOA2, and that ovarian failure should be looked for in female patients with the disease. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Masseter reflex in the study of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and type 3
Authors: García Antonio , Alvarez Silvia , Infante Jon , Berciano José
Published: July 2009

In this investigation we assess the utility of the masseter reflex for diagnostic purposes in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. We studied the masseter reflex electrophysiologically in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2, 10 patients) and type 3 (SCA3/MJD, 13 patients). In SCA2, the masseter reflex was abnormal in 9 (90%) patients. In SCA3/MJD, the masseter reflex was normal in all 13 patients. Our findings suggest that the masseter reflex is a reliable test that provides additional data prior to molecular study in the differentiation between SCA2 and SCA3/MJD. Masseter reflex abnormalities in SCA2 patients could be better explained by dysfunction of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus/tract. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Optimizing acquisition time in quantitative electromyography
Authors: Brownell Alexander A. , Bromberg Mark B.
Published: July 2009

Quantitative electromyography (QEMG) relies on a number of discharges of the same motor unit action potential (MUAP) from a train to create an averaged MUAP considered to be representative of a true potential. The train of potentials may be affected by changes in position of the electrode relative to contributing muscle fibers of the motor unit due to operator or subject movement. The effect of changes in electrode position, along with consideration for patient comfort, prompted this study to determine the shortest duration of recording time necessary for sufficient data acquisition for QEMG studies. We determined that 10 seconds of moderate muscle activity is the most reasonable acquisition duration to isolate up to 6 MUAPs at a given electrode site and minimize the effects of movement artifact in the signal. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Clinical and genetic analysis of Korean patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
Authors: Lee Seung‐Tae , Lee Jeehun , Lee Munhyang , Kim Jong‐Won , Ki Chang‐Seok
Published: July 2009

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by anhidrosis, insensitivity to noxious stimuli, and mental retardation. Mutations in the NTRK1 gene are associated with the pathogenesis of CIPA. In this study, we performed a clinical and genetic analysis on the NTRK1 gene in four Korean patients with CIPA. All patients had typical clinical manifestations of CIPA, including anhidrosis, recurrent fever, absent pain perception, and developmental delay. Sequencing analysis revealed one predominant mutation, c.851‐33T>A, in four affected alleles and three novel mutations, including c.287+2dupT, c.2155G>A (p.Glu719Lys), and c.1218delC (p.Pro407ArgfsX), in each affected allele. For one patient, who was heterozygous for c.851‐33T>A, another mutation could not be identified, suggesting that a possible hidden intronic or large genomic mutation may have been present. This study extends the spectrum of mutations in the NTRK1 gene and confirms that Korean patients with CIPA have the same genetic background as other ethnicities. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Phenotypic diversity associated with the mitochondrial m.8313G>A point mutation
Authors: O'Rourke Killian , Buddles Mark R. , Farrell Michael , Howley Rachel , Sukuraman Sunita , Connolly Sean , Turnbull Douglass M. , Hutchinson Michael , Taylor Robert W.
Published: July 2009

We report the clinical, histochemical, and molecular genetic findings in a patient with progressive mitochondrial cytopathy due to the m.8313G>A point mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALys (MTTK) gene. The clinical features in this case are severe, including short stature, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and osteoporosis, while extensive analysis of maternal relatives indicate that the mutation has arisen de novo and was not maternally inherited. This report of a second case, together with single muscle fiber mutation analysis that shows clear segregation of mutation load with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, confirms that the mutation is pathologic. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Autophagy, lithium, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pasquali Livia , Longone Patrizia , Isidoro Ciro , Ruggieri Stefano , Paparelli Antonio , Fornai Francesco
Published: July 2009

In this article we provide an overview of the intersection between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the autophagy pathway and discuss the potential protective effects of lithium through mechanisms that recruit autophagy and other effects. The autophagy pathway is recruited during motor neuron (MN) death both in vitro and in vivo. Despite a few controversial issues concerning the significance (detrimental/protective) of autophagy in ALS, recent findings indicate a protective role. Lithium in low doses is a well‐known autophagy inducer that clears misfolded proteins and altered mitochondria from MNs. Moreover, lithium preserves mitochondria and sustains their genesis. This effect is replicated by rapamycin, which is an autophagy inducer but with a different mechanism from lithium. Lithium also increases the number of Renshaw cells that are affected early during the progression of experimental ALS. Again, lithium has been reported to decrease glial proliferation in the ALS spinal cord and induces sprouting in corticospinal fibers. Muscle Nerve 40: 173–194, 2009
Genome‐based expression profiling study following spinal cord injury in the rat: An array of 48‐gene model
Authors: Tseng Ling‐Hong , Chen Ilene , Lin Yi‐Hao , Liang Ching Chung , Lloyd L. Keith
Published: July 2009

Aim

To explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying experimental neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Methods

With the aid of Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome U34A arrays, we examined microarray gene expression profiles in bladder wall tissue from female Sprague–Dawley rats within the first 3 weeks following spinal cord injury. Gene transcripts expressed in rat bladder wall tissue at 3 days, 7 days, and 3 weeks following spinal cord injury were compared to normal rat bladder wall tissue.

Results

The Mahalanobis distance in hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a 48‐gene model, which contained high expressions in rat bladder wall tissue at 3 days, 7 days, and 3 weeks following spinal cord injury. According to gene ontology, plausible molecular alterations in rat bladder wall tissue following spinal cord injury include: (1) the release of nerve growth factor (NGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1) (2) the secretion of histamine from mast cells, (3) the occurrence of blood coagulation, (4) the occurrence of N‐terminal protein myristoylation, and (5) Axon guidance mediated by Ena/Vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) promotes reestablishment of the bladder reflex following spinal cord injury. Such changes, jointly termed “bladder remodeling,” can constitute an important long‐term consequence of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Conclusion

The success of this innovation has supported the use of microarray‐based expression profiling as a commonplace platform for the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of experimental neurogenic bladder dysfunction. dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1439–1443, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limited value of bladder sensation as a trigger for conditional neurostimulation in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Martens F.M.J. , van Kuppevelt H.J.M. , Beekman J.A.C. , Rijkhoff N.J.M. , Heesakkers J.P.F.A.
Published: July 2009

Aims

Conditional stimulation of dorsal genital nerves suppresses undesired detrusor contractions (UDC) and consequently increases bladder capacity and prevents incontinence. No clinically applicable sensor exists for reliable bladder activity monitoring as a trigger for conditional stimulation. Primary objective of this study was to determine whether bladder sensation concomitant with UDC may be used for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients to trigger neurostimulation in daily life.

Methods

Nineteen male and 7 female SCI patients suspected of detrusor overactivity (DO) underwent conventional and 6‐hr ambulatory urodynamics. Patients were instructed to do normal daily activities and to activate event buttons of the ambulatory recorder to mark events: physical activity, bladder sensation, micturition or intermittent catheterization, and urinary incontinence. Detection rate was defined as the number of recorded bladder sensation divided by the total number of recorded UDC during ambulatory urodynamics.

Results

Bladder sensation was reported by 73% of patients in daily life. Only 41% of patients had analyzable bladder sensation concomitant with UDC during ambulatory urodynamics. For ambulatory and conventional urodynamics, mean detection rates were 23% and 72%, respectively, with mean recording delays of 57 and 16 sec after UDC onset, respectively.

Conclusions

Bladder sensation only occurs in a small group of SCI patients combined with a rather low detection rate and long reaction time. Therefore, bladder sensation as a trigger for conditional stimulation does not seem to be suitable for SCI patients with DO. Reliable techniques for chronic bladder activity monitoring are a prerequisite for successful clinical application of conditional stimulation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:395–400, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulation of skin menthol receptors stimulates detrusor activity in conscious rats
Authors: Chen Zhong , Ishizuka Osamu , Imamura Tetsuya , Aizawa Naoki , Kurizaki Yoshiki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Nishizawa Osamu , Andersson Karl‐Erik
Published: July 2009

Aims

The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM)8 channel, activated by menthol and cool temperatures, has been proposed to be a cool receptor involved in mediation of the bladder response in the diagnostic ice water test. We examined the expression of TRPM8 in the rat skin and investigated if stimulation of skin menthol receptors by menthol can induce detrusor activity in conscious rats.

Methods

Immunofluorescence staining for TRPM8 was performed in samples of the skin from the leg and back of the rats. Continuous cystometry was performed in conscious animals. Voiding interval (VI), micturition volume (MV), and bladder capacity (BC) were evaluated before and after spraying menthol solution to the skin of the leg and back of the rats.

Results

Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in the investigated tissues. The expression of TRPM8‐positive receptors was not significantly different between the leg and back skin. Saline caused no significant change in cystometric parameters. After spraying menthol solution (50% and 99% to the skin of the leg, and 99% to the back skin), VI, MV, and BC decreased significantly.

Conclusions

TRPM8 is expressed in rat skin. Spraying menthol solution onto the skin‐induced detrusor activity, an effect we suggest is mediated by stimulation of TRPM8 receptors. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:506–511, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory reform and governance: A survey of selected developing and transition economies
Authors: Zhang Yin‐Fang , Thomas Margo
Published: July 2009

Regulation is now considered an integral instrument in developing policy toolkit to support market‐led, pro‐poor growth in developing and transition economies. Institutional environment in general and regulatory governance in particular have increasingly been viewed as a factor of competitiveness. In search for better governance, regulatory reform is critical. This article assesses regulatory reform in selected developing and transition economies by reporting the results of a survey on the application of regulatory governance policies, tools and institutions. It is found that in these countries regulatory reform has not shifted in approaches and objectives to taking a systematic view of regulatory governance and the means of promoting and enhancing it. It is suggested that, in order to improve regulatory governance, focus should be put on each of the three elements: regulatory policies, tools and institutions, and that centralised and concerted efforts are needed to integrate the elements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as fever without source in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lancioni Christina , LaBeaud A. Desiree , Esper Frank , Abughali Nazha , Auletta Jeffery
Published: July 2009

Children who undergo treatment for malignancies are at high for infection with both typical and opportunistic pathogens. Fever in these children prompts extensive evaluation and empiric treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. In the United States (US), tuberculosis is an infrequently reported cause of fever in the pediatric cancer patient and has not been well described. In this report we describe a case of primary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a boy with precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and review the pertinent literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1318–1320. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute malnutrition is common in Malawian patients with a Wilms tumour: A role for peanut butter
Authors: Israëls Trijn , Borgstein Eric , Jamali Monica , de Kraker Jan , Caron Huib N. , Molyneux Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2009

Background

Children with cancer in resource limited countries are often malnourished at diagnosis. Acute malnutrition is associated with more infectious complications and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in major surgery.

Methods

All new patients with the clinical diagnosis of a Wilms tumour admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi from January 2007 until June 2008 were included. We documented anthropometric parameters, tumour size and serum levels of micronutrients at diagnosis. Corrected weight (body weight − tumour weight) was repeated after 4 weeks of preoperative chemotherapy. During therapy oral feeds were encouraged and a locally made ready to use therapeutic peanut butter‐based food (chiponde) supplied.

Results

A high rate of acute malnutrition was found in patients with Wilms tumour at diagnosis (45–55%), much higher than in community controls (11%). Patients (40%) and community controls (37%) had a similar, high rate of stunting (low height for age), a sign of chronic malnutrition. Tumour size at diagnosis and the degree of acute malnutrition at diagnosis was correlated; patients with a larger tumour had more severe acute malnutrition (r = −0.88, P < 0.01). With a supply of chiponde, 7 of 18 patients had a >5% increase in corrected weight during preoperative chemotherapy. Patients with a more positive nutritional course had a better tumour response to chemotherapy (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). Surprisingly, few micronutrient deficiencies were found, except for low serum levels of vitamin A (44% of patients).

Conclusion

Acute malnutrition, superimposed on chronic malnutrition, is common in patients with Wilms tumour in Malawi. Earlier presentation needs to be encouraged. Chiponde, a peanut butter based ready‐to‐use‐therapeutic‐food, is an attractive means of nutritional support which needs further study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1221–1226. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cardiac and liver iron load in transfusion dependent patients
Authors: Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Lam Wynnie Wai Man , Lee Vincent , Li Chi Kong
Published: July 2009

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging tool to assess organ‐specific iron load in patients with transfusion dependent anemia.

Objective

We performed MRI T2 star (T2*) assessment in 44 transfusion dependent patients to study the prevalence of cardiac and liver iron overload and the relationship of T2* measurement with various clinical and biochemical parameters.

Result

Mean age of the study subjects was 19.9 years (range 8.8–32.3) and the mean cardiac T2* was 23.4 ± 13.8 msec. Fifty percent of the subjects had abnormal cardiac T2* (below 20 msec). Cardiac T2* was not found to have any correlation with serum ferritin or liver T2*. Liver T2* value was abnormal in 79% of the subjects and it correlated inversely with both current and 12 months average serum ferritin (r = −0.44, P = 0.003; r = −0.46, P = 0.002). Clinical parameters including age, duration of transfusion, age starting iron chelation therapy, and ratio between transfusion volume and desferrioxamine dosage were not correlated with cardiac and liver T2*.

Conclusion

We conclude that iron overload in heart and liver is common in our transfusion dependent patients. Liver T2* has inverse correlation with serum ferritin. Cardiac T2* does not have any correlation with the various clinical and biochemical parameters. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1054–1059. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroblastoma involvement of the falx cerebri
Authors: Quackenbush Katherine Elizabeth , Luna‐Fineman Sandra , Magee James Fergall , Gundogan Munire , Golobi Mahin , Irie Takeshi , Fernandez Conrad Vincent
Published: July 2009

Involvement of the falx cerebri in infants with stage 4 neuroblastoma is thought to be rare. The falx is derived from the neural crest and thus may be a location for primary neuroblastoma. Its propensity for metastasis is unknown. Management of neuroblastoma in this location is potentially challenging. We describe two children less than 18 months of age who were successfully managed with chemotherapy alone (without radiation or surgery) for falx involvement with neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1337–1339. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted water extraction of green tea polyphenols
Authors: Nkhili Ezzohra , Tomao Valerie , El Hajji Hakima , El Boustani Es‐Seddik , Chemat Farid , Dangles Olivier
Published: July 2009

Introduction – Green tea, a popular drink with beneficial health properties, is a rich source of specific flavanols (polyphenols). There is a special interest in the water extraction of green tea polyphenols since the composition of the corresponding extracts is expected to reflect the one of green tea infusions consumed worldwide.

Objective – To develop a microwave‐assisted water extraction (MWE) of green tea polyphenols.

Methodology – MWE of green tea polyphenols has been investigated as an alternative to water extraction under conventional heating (CWE). The experimental conditions were selected after consideration of both temperature and extraction time. The efficiency and selectivity of the process were determined in terms of extraction time, total phenolic content, chemical composition (HPLC‐MS analysis) and antioxidant activity of the extracts.

Results – By MWE (80°C, 30 min), the flavanol content of the extract reached 97.46 (± 0.08) mg of catechin equivalent/g of green tea extract, vs. only 83.06 (± 0.08) by CWE (80°C, 45 min). In particular, the concentration of the most bioactive flavanol EGCG was 77.14 (± 0.26) mg of catechin equivalent/g of green tea extract obtained by MWE, vs 64.18 (± 0.26) mg/g by CWE.

Conclusion – MWE appears more efficient than CWE at both 80 and 100°C, particularly for the extraction of flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Although MWE at 100°C typically affords higher yields in total phenols, MWE at 80°C appears more convenient for the extraction of the green tea‐specific and chemically sensitive flavanols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of lead content in medicinal plants by pre‐concentration flow injection analysis–flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Campos Marina M. A. , Tonuci Henry , Silva Silvana M. , de S. Altoé Bruna , de Carvalho Dermeval , Kronka Eloisa A. M. , Pereira Ana M. S. , Bertoni Bianca W. , de C. França Suzelei , Miranda Carlos E. S.
Published: July 2009

Introduction – Although medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world, few studies have been carried out concerning the levels of heavy metal contaminants present. Such metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. The present paper describes the the development of a pre‐concentration flow injection analysis‐flame atomic absorption spectrometric system to determine the lead content in medicinal plants at the ppb level.

Objective – To develop a pre‐concentration flow injection analysis‐flame atomic absorption spectrometric system to determine the lead content in medicinal plants at the ppb level.

Methodology – A pre‐concentration flow system was coupled to a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The plant samples were analysed after nitroperchloric digestion. The proposed system was optimised by evaluating the following parameters: nature, concentration and volume of the eluent solution, elution flow rate, elution efficiency, pre‐concentration flow rate and pre‐concentration time.

Results – The proposed system exhibited good performance with high precision and repeatability (RSD ≤ 2.36%), excellent linearity (r = 0.9999), low sample consumption (10.5 mL per determination) and an analytical throughput of 55 samples/h. Lead concentrations ranged from 3.37 ± 0.25 to 7.03 ± 0.51 μg/g in dry material. This concentration interval is greater than that previously published in the literature.

Conclusion – The inclusion of a pre‐concentration column in the flow manifold improved the sensitivity of the spectrometer. Thus, it was possible to determine the analyte at the ng/mL level in sample solutions of medicinal plants. This is a very important accomplishment, especially when the cumulative effect of heavy metals in living organisms is considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid and sensitive prenatal diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy ATTR Val30Met by mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamashita Taro , Ando Yukio , Ueda Mitsuharu , Okamoto Sadahisa , Misumi Yohei , Nakamura Masaaki , Takashi Ohba , Uchino Makoto
Published: July 2009

Objective

To make a prenatal diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) by mass spectrometry with the amniotic fluid.

Methods

Amniotic‐fluid samples of three non‐FAP pregnant women and six amniotic‐fluid samples of fetal mice whose mother was a heterozygotic FAP amyloidgenic transthyretin (ATTR) Val30Met gene carrier were collected. Electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was employed to identify and quantitatively measure the molecular weight of the human transthyretin (TTR) in the amniotic fluid.

Results

TTR was detected in the amniotic fluid of all the human samples. In four of the six fetuses of the transgenic mice, human TTR Val30Met was detected. The other two samples showed only mouse TTR without human TTR Val30Met. DNA analysis revealed that the four fetuses were TTR Val30Met positive, but two were negative. The data from the DNA analysis and ESI‐MS showed a 100% concordance.

Conclusion

Mass spectrometry analysis of the amniotic fluid might be a useful tool to make a prenatal diagnosis of FAP ATTR Val30Met. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steroid sulfatase deficiency and contiguous gene deletion syndrome amongst pregnant patients with low serum unconjugated estriols
Authors: Langlois Sylvie , Armstrong Linlea , Gall Kim , Hulait Gurdip , Livingston Janet , Nelson Tanya , Power Patricia , Pugash Denise , Siciliano Dawn , Steinraths Michelle , Mattman André
Published: July 2009

Objective

To ascertain all prenatally diagnosed cases of Steroid Sulfatase (STS) deficiency in British Columbia between August 2002 and July 2007 to determine the incidence of this condition, the clinical and laboratory findings, and the risk of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of these patients to obtain detailed information about the maternal serum screening results, family history, investigations performed, and outcome of the pregnancy.

Results

Thirty pregnant patients were found to have a male fetus/infant with STS deficiency, giving a minimal estimated incidence of this condition of approximately 1 in 1513 males. In twenty nine cases, this condition was isolated. One patient was found to have a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. In cases of sporadic STS deficiency diagnosed prenatally, the frequency of contiguous gene deletion syndrome in this study was 1 out of 12 (8.3%).

Conclusion

The clinical, cytogenetic and molecular data on this series of prenatally diagnosed cases of STS deficiency indicates that this is a common condition and in cases with no family history, the risk of contiguous gene deletion syndrome is significant, and warrants additional molecular genetic investigations of the mother and/or fetus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and electrical conductivity of poly(acrylic acid‐g‐gelatin)/graphite conducting gel
Authors: Tang Qunwei , Sun Xiaoming , Wu Jihuai , Li Qinghua , Lin Jianming
Published: July 2009

A novel poly(acrylic acid‐g‐gelatin)/graphite composite is synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization. Based on the electrical conductivity of graphite nanoplatelets and the absorbency of poly(acrylic acid‐g‐gelatin)/graphite, a novel conducting gel with a conductivity of 3.18 mS cm−1 is prepared. The effects of synthesis parameters on the electrical conductivity of the gels are investigated in detail. An appended network structure model of the poly(acrylic acid‐g‐gelatin)/graphite conducting gel is proposed. The conducting gel presents a high mechanical strength in cyclohexane, which is important for the gel applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the physical behavior of isotactic polypropylene fibers extruded at different draw‐down ratios. I. Optical properties and cold‐drawing
Authors: El‐Dessouky Hassan M. , Mahmoudi Mohammad R. , Lawrence Carl A. , Yassien Khaled M. , Sokkar Taha Z.N. , Hamza Ahmed A.
Published: July 2009

As spun polypropylene fibers (iPP) with different draw‐down ratios (DDR) were produced at increasing take‐up speeds ranging from 200 m/min to 1000 min. Two interferometric techniques (Pluta and Interphako microscopes) were used to investigate the refractive indices and birefringence of the spun fibers. The use of the Interphako microscope enabled all the fiber diameters to be studied and avoid image overlap (Sokkar et al., Opt. Lasers Eng., 45, 431 (2007)). Previously reported software (Sokkar et al., Opt. Lasers Eng., 45, 431 (2007), Hamza et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77, 3099 (2000)) was used to determine the refractive index profiles for PP fibers at different DDR. An optothermomechanical (OTM) (Hamza et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95, 647 (2005)). device attached to the Pluta microscope was used to examine the drawability of the melt‐spun iPP fibers by cold‐drawing. The work is concerned with the importance of the difference between physical effects of DDR and DR. The influence of DDR on the relation between optical properties and solid state draw ratio (DR) was determined. The fibers spun at low DDR give high‐maximum draw ratio (DRmax) and higher birefringence (Δn) than those of higher DDR. Total attenuation ratio (TAR) of the melt‐spun iPP fibers was defined and calculated. The minimum (theoretical) birefringence (Δnmin) and maximum (measurable) birefringence (Δnmax) of iPP fibers were determined. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cure kinetics, phase behaviors, and fracture properties of bismaleimide resin toughened by poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)
Authors: Han Yongjin , Liao Gongxiong , Xu Yajuan , Yu Guipeng , Jian Xigao
Published: July 2009

Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s (PPEK) were used to toughen bismaleimide (BMI) resin composed of 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMDM) and O,O′‐diallyl bisphenyl A (DABPA). Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the blends was carried out for kinetic analysis of the curing reaction. The reaction activation energy indicated that the reaction mechanism remained the same even after the incorporation of PPEK. The reaction‐induced phase separation process in BMI/PPEK blends was investigated by optical microscopy (OM). The primary phase structure of the blends was fixed at the early stage of phase separation, and a secondary phase separation was observed as a result of the high viscosity of the blends. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) graphs showed that the morphology of the cured resin changed from a dispersed structure to a phase‐inverted structure with the increase of PPEK content. Compared with the neat resin, the fracture toughness of the modified resin exhibits a moderate increase when PPEK was incorporated. Several toughening mechanisms, such as local plastic deformation, crack deflection, and branches, presumably took part in improving the toughness of BMI/PPEK blends on the basis of the morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dielectric Multilayer Films Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering: How Far Can the Iridescence Be Tuned?
Authors: Deparis Olivier , Rassart Marie , Vandenbem Cédric , Welch Victoria , Vigneron Jean‐Pol , Dreesen Laurent , Lucas Stéphane
Published: July 2009

Periodic dielectric multilayer structures can generate interferential colours from optically transparent basic materials. Their iridescence property, i.e. the change of colour with the illumination or viewing angle, is exploited in the industry to produce structurally coloured coatings and paints. Magnetron sputtering is an efficient technique for producing multilayer films owing to its ability to deposit films on large surfaces with excellent uniformity and reproducibility in both the film thickness and composition. Based on a theoretical model of the optical response, we investigated the iridescence tuning range of the technologically important SiO2/TiO2 material system. Radically different iridescent behaviours were predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally by selecting appropriate combinations of period and layer thickness ratio.
New Developments and Applications of X‐Ray Capillary Optics
Authors: Bjeoumikhov Aniouar , Bjeoumikhova Semfira , Wedell Reiner
Published: July 2009

Capillary optics have found broad research and industrial applications in X‐ray analytics. In the present paper, the use of mono‐ and polycapillary optics for X‐ray beam shaping at synchrotron beamlines and in combination with laboratory sources is described. In particular, a module for in situ XRD in SEMs is considered in detail and corresponding application examples are presented.
Hard X‐Rays for In Situ Strain and Texture Measurements
Authors: Brokmeier Heinz‐Günter
Published: July 2009

Hard X‐rays having photon energies of higher than 50 keV are characterized by having a high penetration power. These high energy X‐rays are provided by using W‐tubes or at storage rings (synchrotron radiation). Due to the high photon flux and the excellent brilliance of synchrotron radiation, experiments can be carried out quickly. In situ strain experiments can be performed in real time, so that lattice strain evolutions can be investigated in parallel to obtaining conventional stress‐strain curves. Crystallographic texture measurements are time consuming but quick synchrotron measurements at different points of the stress‐strain curve are able to describe the texture evolution during tension or compression, allowing confirmation of texture simulations and yielding material property evolutions during tension or compression experiments.
Crystal structure of the variable domain of the Streptococcus gordonii surface protein SspB
Authors: Forsgren Nina , Lamont Richard J. , Persson Karina
Published: July 2009

The Antigen I/II (AgI/II) family of proteins are cell wall anchored adhesins expressed on the surface of oral streptococci. The AgI/II proteins interact with molecules on other bacteria, on the surface of host cells, and with salivary proteins. Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal bacterium, and one of the primary colonizers that initiate the formation of the oral biofilm. S. gordonii expresses two AgI/II proteins, SspA and SspB that are closely related. One of the domains of SspB, called the variable (V‐) domain, is significantly different from corresponding domains in SspA and all other AgI/II proteins. As a first step to elucidate the differences among these proteins, we have determined the crystal structure of the V‐domain from S. gordonii SspB at 2.3 Å resolution. The domain comprises a β‐supersandwich with a putative binding cleft stabilized by a metal ion. The overall structure of the SspB V‐domain is similar to the previously reported V‐domain of the Streptococcus mutans protein SpaP, despite their low sequence similarity. In spite of the conserved architecture of the binding cleft, the cavity is significantly smaller in SspB, which may provide clues about the difference in ligand specificity. We also verified that the metal in the binding cleft is a calcium ion, in concurrence with previous biological data. It was previously suggested that AgI/II V‐domains are carbohydrate binding. However, we tested that hypothesis by screening the SspB V‐domain for binding to over 400 glycoconjucates and found that the domain does not interact with any of the carbohydrates.
Quantitative specificity‐based display library screening identifies determinants of antibody‐epitope binding specificity
Authors: Hall Sejal S. , Daugherty Patrick S.
Published: July 2009

Despite the critical importance of molecular specificity in bimolecular systems, in vitro display technologies have been applied extensively for affinity maturation of peptides and antibodies without explicitly measuring the specificity of the desired interaction. We devised a general strategy to measure, screen, and evolve specificity of protein ligand interactions analogous to widely used affinity maturation strategies. The specificity of binding to target and nontarget antibodies labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores was measured simultaneously in protein mixtures via multiparameter flow cytometry, thereby enabling screening for high target antibody specificity. Isolated antibody specific ligands exhibited varying specificity, revealing critical amino acid determinants for target recognition and nontarget avoidance in complex mixtures. Molecular specificity in the mixture was further enhanced by quantitative directed evolution, yielding a family of epitopes exhibiting improved specificities equivalent, or superior to, the native peptide antigen to which the antibody was raised. Specificity screening simultaneously favored affinity, yielding ligands with three‐fold improved affinity relative to the parent epitope. Quantitative specificity screening will be useful to screen, evolve, and characterize the specificity of protein and peptide interactions for molecular recognition applications.
Stereoelectronic effects on the transition barrier of polyproline conformational interconversion
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Chun , Lin Yu‐Ju , Horng Jia‐Cherng
Published: July 2009

There has been growing interest in polyproline type II (PPII) helices since PPII helices have been found in folded and unfolded proteins and involved in a variety of biological activities. Polyproline can also form type I helices (PPI) which are very different from PPII conformation and only exist in certain organic solvents. Recent studies have shown that stereoelectronic effects play a critical role in stabilizing a PPI or PPII helix. Here, we have synthesized a series of host–guest peptides with an electron‐withdrawing substituent at the 4R or 4S position of proline and used a kinetic approach to further explore stereoelectronic effects on the transition barrier of the interconversion between PPI and PPII conformations. Time‐dependent circular dichroism measurements revealed that the rates of PPII → PPI conversion were reduced upon incorporating the hydroxyl‐, fluoro‐, and methoxy‐groups at the 4R position while the rates would be increased if these substituents were at the 4S position. We quantified the changes in transition free energy by comparing their rate constants. (4R,2S)‐4‐Fluoroproline and (4S,2S)‐4‐fluoroproline have the largest effect on the transition energy barrier for PPII → PPI conversion. Our results provide important insights into the role of stereoelectronic effects on the PPII → PPI transition state barrier, which has not been reported in past thermodynamic studies.