bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Makalah Permainan Bola Voli
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: May 2020

Dalam pemainan dan olahraga bola voli dapat membuat tubuh menjadi sehat karena mengeluarkan keringat dari tubuh. Bola voli juga dapat mehilangkan atau menghidari kejenuhan siswa / siswi dalam mempelajari teknik dasar pemain bola voli. Karena, pemainan dan olahraga bola voli mempunyai peraturan yang dimodifikasi yang membuat siswa / siswi dapat mehilangkan atau menghindari kejenuhan ketika belajar atau memainkan permainan atau olahraga bola voli ini.Dalam rangkah memainkan permainan bola voli ini, permainan ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara membuat lapangan kecil dengan teknik passing bawah dan cara servis tangan bawah , dan hendaklah dalam permainan atau olahraga bola voli ini ditekankan penggunaan teknik yang benar dan terarah sehingga bisa lebih meningkatkan penguasaan teknik nya dalam permainan bola voli itu sendiri. Dan bagi orang yang kelebih lemak, mungkin dengan memainkan permainan bola voli ini bisa membakar lemak karena hasil pembakaran yaitu dengan mengeluarkan keringat bias sedikit demi sedikit membuat kita mempunyai tubuh yang ideal.
RESUME BOLA VOLI (M.DIMAS YUDISTIRA X MIA 2)
Authors: Yudistira M.Dimas
Published: May 2020

Berikut adalah Resume tentang Bola Voli
MAKALAH PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI
Authors: nst Nasywa fadhilah
Published: May 2020

Makalah penjas tentang permainan bola voli
Resume Permainan Bola voli
Authors: siagian Ivan
Published: May 2020

RESUME PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI
A comprehensive IVF laboratory pandemic response plan
Authors: SIG MEFS embryology
Published: May 2020

The potential of a severe pandemic necessitates the development of an organized, rational plan for the operation of embryology/andrology laboratories without the compromise of the safety of personnel and gametes/embryos. A comprehensive pandemic response plan was proposed for embryology and andrology laboratories for prepandemic preparedness, reduction or hibernation of procedures and return to normal function. Preparation involves many plans and logistics before a pandemic risk rises. Many operational changes can be considered based on the severity and duration of the pandemic. This plan includes logistical arrangements, reducing labor needs, conserving supplies, protective measures for embryologists and biological materials.
Defining Habitat to Promote Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act
Authors: Rylander Jason Craig , Evansen Meg , Miller Jennifer R. B. , Malcom Jacob
Published: May 2020

The Supreme Court in Weyerhaeuser Co. v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service ruled that “critical habitat” under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) must first be “habitat,” but it did not attempt to define exactly what habitat is or how much deference the federal wildlife agencies should get on what is both a biological and policy question. The Court also sidestepped whether currently unoccupied habitat must in fact be “habitable” at the time of designation as critical habitat. The task of defining “habitat” now falls to the ESA’s implementing agencies or to Congress. How habitat is ultimately defined has serious implications for species conservation. In the wake of recent reports on the accelerating loss of biodiversity in the United States and across the globe due largely to habitat loss, how and where we protect habitat is vital to preventing extinction and ensuring the long-term security of species. A definition that is too narrow and excludes degraded but restorable habitat, or areas that are likely to become habitat in the foreseeable future, could leave areas essential to species recovery unprotected. It is, however, possible to define habitat in a way that is consistent with the intent of the ESA, reflects the best available science, is operationally workable, and also broad enough to account for species’ needs. This paper proposes such a definition.
Focus to an attribute with verbal or numerical quantifiers affects the attribute framing effect.
Authors: Liu Dawn Xiaodan , Juanchich Marie , Sirota Miroslav
Published: May 2020

People find positive attribute frames (e.g., 75% lean) more persuasive than negative ones (e.g., 25% fat). In three pre-registered experiments, we tested whether this effect would be magnified by using verbal quantifiers instead of numerical ones (e.g., ‘high % lean’ vs. ‘75% lean’). This moderating effect of quantifier format was predicted based on previous empirical work and two non-exclusive accounts of framing effects. First, verbal quantifiers are presumed to be a more intuitive format than numerical quantifiers, so might predispose people more to judgement biases such as the framing effect. Second, verbal quantifiers draw a greater focus to the attributes they describe. This could provide a linguistic signal that the positive frame is better than the negative one. In three experiments, we manipulated the attribute frame (positive or negative) and the quantifier format (verbal or numerical) between-subjects, and quantity pairs (e.g., 5% fat and 95% lean or 25% fat and 75% lean) within-subjects. We also tested if participants focused more on the attributes in the frame, by measuring whether participants selected causal sentence completions about the beef that focused on why it had fat meat or lean meat. Results showed a robust framing effect, which was partially mediated by the focus of the sentence completions. However, the verbal format did not increase the magnitude of the framing effect. These results suggest that a focus on the attribute contributes to the framing effect, but contrary to past work, this focus is not different between verbal and numerical quantifiers.
Fitness interdependence as indexed by shared fate: Factor structure and validity of a new measure
Authors: Ayers Jessica Daphne , Sznycer Daniel , Sullivan Daniel , Guevara Beltran Diego , Van den Akker Olmo , Munoz Andres , Hruschka Daniel J , Cronk Lee , Aktipis Athena
Published: May 2020

Assessing interdependence between self and specific others has a rich history in psychological science. Here, we report a novel scale to measure Shared Fate. Studies 1 and 2 (N1 = 198, N2 = 216) show that the Shared Fate scale has two factors assessing perceived shared fate and emotional shared fate with a target, has good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81 to 0.91; McDonald’s omega = 0.89 to 0.96), and predicts participants’ willingness to help interdependent others. Studies 3 and 4 (N3 = 695, N4 = 629) indicate that the Shared Fate scale has good discriminant, convergent, concurrent, and predictive validity as well as test-retest reliability across a 14-day period. Taken together, our results suggest that Shared Fate scale is a useful instrument for work on cooperation, interdependence, and social behavior. However, there are still many open questions about the cognitive architecture underlying perceptions of shared fate and how shared fate interacts with genetic relatedness and other sources of fitness interdependence.
Risk of Developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Severe COVID-19 Survivors, their Families and Frontline Healthcare Workers: What Should Mental Health Specialists Prepare For?
Authors: Sekowski Marcin , Gambin Małgorzata , Hansen Karolina , Holas Paweł , Hyniewska Sylwia , Wyszomirska Julia , Pluta Agnieszka , Sobańska Marta , Łojek Emilia
Published: May 2020

Given the high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, this disease may be a life-threatening event, especially for individuals at high risk of complications. Therefore, in the article we try to answer two questions that are relevant to public mental health: Can we define groups who are at higher risk of developing pandemic-related PTSD? How can health specialists prepare for it? Given the results of previous research on PTSD in epidemic (e.g. SARS) survivors, we suggest that mental health professionals in countries touched by the pandemic should prepare for an increase in the PTSD prevalence, specifically in: individuals who have had severe COVID-19; family members of these patients and of patients who have died; and frontline healthcare workers witnessing COVID-19 patients' sudden deaths, or numerous life-threatening situations. We postulate that these groups at risk should be routinely screened for PTSD in primary medical and pediatric care. Mental health services should prepare for providing therapeutic interventions for individuals with PTSD in the vulnerable groups, and support to their families, especially children.
Removal of information from working memory is not related to inhibition
Authors: Rey-Mermet Alodie , Singh Kris , Gignac Gilles E , Brydges Christopher , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: May 2020

Working memory (WM) is a system for maintenance of and access to a limited number of goal-relevant representations in the service of higher cognition. Because of its limited capacity, WM requires interference-control processes, allowing us to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. Recent research has proposed two interference-control processes, which are conceptually similar: (1) an active, item-wise removal process assumed to remove no-longer relevant information from WM, and (2) an inhibitory process assumed to suppress the activation of distractors against competing, goal-relevant representations. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which removal and inhibition are the same construct. Results showed acceptable to good reliabilities for nearly all measures. Similar to previous studies, a structural equation modeling approach identified a reliable latent variable of removal. However, also similar to some previous studies, no latent variable of inhibition could be established. This was the case even when the correlation matrix used to compute the latent variable of inhibition was disattenuated for imperfect reliability. Critically, the individual measures of inhibition were unrelated to the latent variable of removal. These results provide tentative support for the notion that removal is not an inhibitory process. This suggests that the removal process should be conceptualized as a process independent of inhibition, as proposed in computational WM models that implement removal as the “unbinding” of a WM item from the context in which it occurred.
Who is more willing to engage in social rejection? The roles of self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and negative affect in social rejection decisions
Authors: Freedman Gili , Dainer-Best Justin
Published: May 2020

How do self-schemas and their consequences guide would-be-rejectors? When making decisions about whether to reject, individuals consider the difficulty and emotional consequences of rejecting, and both of these considerations are likely to involve self-schemas. In three preregistered studies, we examine the roles of self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in rejection decisions. In an initial set of studies (N-1a = 214, N-1b = 264), participants forecast their willingness to reject and their emotional responses in friendship (Study 1a) and romantic (Study 1a--1b) vignettes. In Study 2 (N-2 = 259), participants who recently rejected rated that experience on the same measures. Correlates of negative self-schema were associated with negative emotions. Self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and general distress were associated with forecasted difficulty rejecting, but only anxiety and general distress were associated with retrospectively-reported increased difficulty. Taken together, psychological distress may decrease willingness to reject in a way that participants cannot predict.
Warfare, Ethics, Ethology Evolutionary fundamentals for conflict and cooperation
Authors: Barreiros Daniel
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to set a macro-historical narrative concerning the emergence of warfare and social ethics as symplesiomorphic features in the lineage of Homo sapiens. This means that these two behavioral aspects, representative of a very selected branch in the phylogenetic tree of the Primate order, are shared by the two lineages of great African apes that diverged from a common ancestor around six million years in the past, leading to extant humans and chimpanzees. Therefore, this article proposes an ethological understanding of warfare and social ethics, as both are innate to the social high-specialized modular mind present in the species of genera Pan and Homo. However behavioral restraints to intersocietal coalitionary violence seems to be an exclusive aspect of the transdominial modular cognition that characterizes modern humans. Thus, if in the evolutionary long durée, warfare and restrictions to intrasocial violence both appear to be ethologically common to humans and chimpanzees to a certain extent, an ethics of warfare - and, of course, the cognitive capability for intersocietal peace - seems to be distinctly human.
Cross-National CCTV Footage Shows Low Victimization Risk for Bystander Interveners in Public Conflicts
Authors: Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Philpot Richard , Levine Mark , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: May 2020

Objective: Accumulating evidence shows that bystanders witnessing public disputes frequently intervene to help. However, little is known regarding the risks entailed for those bystanders who enter the fray to stop conflicts. This study systematically examined the prevalence of bystander victimizations and associated risk factors. Method: Data were a cross-national sample of 93 CCTV video recordings of real-life public disputes, capturing the potential victimizations of 417 intervening and 636 non-intervening bystanders. Results: Data showed that interveners were rarely physically harmed—at a rate of 3.6%—and non-interveners were virtually never victimized. Confirmatory regression results showed that conflict party affiliation was associated with bystander victimization, although only moderately robust. The gender of the intervener was a highly fragile correlate with the outcome. The severity of the conflict at the time of intervention was not found to increase the risk of victimization. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the ecological value of naturalistic observation for bystander research and emphasize the need for evidence-based bystander intervention recommendations. Data, materials, and postprint are available at osf.io/vyutj.
Causality shifts the perceived temporal order of audio-visual events
Authors: Fornaciai Michele , Di Luca Massimiliano
Published: May 2020

Causality poses clear constraints to the timing of sensory signals produced by events, as sound travels slower than light, causing auditory stimulation to lag visual stimulation. Previous studies show that implied causality between unrelated events can change the tolerance of simultaneity judgements for audio-visual asynchronies. Here, we tested whether apparent causality between audio-visual events may also affect their perceived temporal order. To this aim, we used a disambiguated stream-bounce display, with stimuli either bouncing or streaming upon each other. These two possibilities were accompanied by a sound played around the time of contact between the objects, which could be perceived as causally related to the visual event according to the condition. Participants reported whether the visual contact occurred before or after the sound. Our results show that when the audio-visual stimuli are consistent with a causal interpretation (i.e., the bounce caused the sound), their perceived temporal order is systematically biased. Namely, a stimulus dynamics consistent with a causal relation induces a perceptual delay in the audio component, even if the sound was actually presented first. We thus conclude that causality can systematically bias the perceived temporal order of events, possibly due to expectations based on the dynamics of events in the real world.
Testing the Motivational Tradeoffs in Pathogen Avoidance and Status Acquisition
Authors: Brown Mitch , Sacco Donald F.
Published: May 2020

In the service of reducing disease transmission through interpersonal contact, humans have evolved a behavioral immune system that facilitates identification and avoidance of environmental pathogens. One behavioral strategy in response to pathogenic threat is the adoption of interpersonal reticence. However, reticence may impede status acquisition, a process that necessarily fosters distinctiveness from the rest of the group that affords increased access to resources. The current program of research tested whether activation of pathogen-avoidant motives through priming fosters reticence related to status, namely disinterest in pursuing a group leadership position (Study 1) or disinterest in accepting a group leadership position when led to believe one has been selected by others (Study 2). Results indicated that those high in germ aversion were particularly interested in pursuing leadership as a form of status, with disease salience unexpectedly heightening status motives among those low in germ aversion. Furthermore, those high in perceived infectability reported reluctance in accepting high-status positions, although disease salience heightened interest in accepting a leadership role. We contextualize these findings by identifying the dispositional and situational factors that foster individuals to invoke a motivational tradeoff between status and pathogen-avoidant motives.
Cognition, Human Evolution and the possibilities for an Ethics of Warfare and Peace
Authors: Barreiros Daniel , Vainfas Daniel Ribera
Published: May 2020

African apes live in large stable social groups with an increased potential for conflict between individual agendas; a reasonable volume of evidence has suggested an instinctive and ethological basis for their intrasocial ethical behavior. Would there be some innate and ethological behavioral basis for ethics in human intersocietal relations, whether in war (providing the limits to the exercise of hard power), or in peace (establishing standards for preservation of intersocietal non-hostility)? As a hypothesis, we suggest that human exclusivity in the exercise of the ethics of warfare and peace is a product of the human transdominial cognition, capable of recombining and re-signifying innate behavioral algorithms through culture, applying them to absolutely innovative functions.
National Identity and British Foreign Policy
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: May 2020

Britain’s tenaciously global foreign policy after 1945 was never simply a function of the nation’s ruling class acting on the basis of elite obsessions or after some sort of bipartisan consensus. Rather, this policy developed from mainstream, gradually evolving ideas about “us,” “them,” and “Others” generated within a broader British and, more specifically, English society.
More than impossible: negative and complex probabilities and their philosophical interpretation
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: May 2020

A historical review and philosophical look at the introduction of “negative probability” as well as “complex probability” is suggested. The generalization of “probability” is forced by mathematical models in physical or technical disciplines. Initially, they are involved only as an auxiliary tool to complement mathematical models to the completeness to corresponding operations. Rewards, they acquire ontological status, especially in quantum mechanics and its formulation as a natural information theory as “quantum information” after the experimental confirmation the phenomena of “entanglement”. Philosophical interpretations appear. A generalization of them is suggested: ontologically, they correspond to a relevant generalization to the relation of a part and its whole where the whole is a subset of the part rather than vice versa. The structure of “vector space” is involved necessarily in order to differ the part “by itself” from it in relation to the whole as a projection within it. That difference is reflected in the new dimension of vector space both mathematically and conceptually. Then, “negative or complex probability” are interpreted as a quantity corresponding the generalized case where the part can be “bigger” than the whole, and it is represented only partly in general within the whole.
KNN, NAİVE BAYES VE KARAR AĞACI MAKİNE ÖĞRENME ALGORİTMALARI, BU ALGORİTMALARIN SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE KULLANIM İMKÂNLARI
Authors: ATAN Suat
Published: May 2020

Makine öğrenmesi bilgisayarlara, bilgisayar programlama yolu ile açıkça tanımlanmadığı halde bilgisayara öğrenme olanaklarını sağlayan çalışma alanıdır. İstatistik alanında birçok yöntem, veri setleri ile ilgili olarak bir takım ön varsayımları gerektirmektedir. Bazı makine öğrenme algoritmalarında sağlanması gereken ön koşullar bulunmamaktadır Bu durum ise bir taraftan veri setlerinin içindeki yapılara bağımlığı azaltırken, diğer taraftan bu algoritmaların birçok alanda rahatlıkla kullanılabilmesine olanak vermektedir. Bu özelliklerinden ötürü makine öğrenme algoritmaları, mühendislik, tıp, kimya gibi bilimler yanında sosyal bilimlerde de önemli bir yer bulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, en sık kullanılan algoritmalardan kNN, Naive Bayes ve karar ağacı makine öğrenme algoritmaları, kullanıldığı alanlar ve özellikleri bakımından ele alınmıştır. Algoritmaların çalışma biçimleri de örneklerle ifade edilerek bu algoritmaların sosyal bilimler alanındaki araştırmacılar için bir başlangıç noktası olması hedeflenmiştir.
Clausewitz, Keegan, and the Big History of Warfare
Authors: Barreiros Daniel , Vainfas Daniel Ribera
Published: May 2020

As a social phenomenon, is war subordinate to politics, as Carl von Clausewitz argued in the early nineteenth century, or, instead, is it the product of an instinctive ‘warrior culture’, common to all peoples and times and beyond politics, as John Keegan suggested in the late twentieth? Should we emphasize ‘essential historical elements in the search for a tem-poral continuum in warfare? In this article, we stress the relevance of the ‘perennity of war’ thesis, and the impropriety of a dichotomy between political rationality vs. instinct. The results of the clash between these two strands of thought about the origins of warfare face limitations due to the absence of a temporal ‘play of scales’, so that short-term approaches emerge as incompatible with macro-historical views. We suggest that a deep understanding of the phenomenon of warfare must consider the interaction and the feedback between processes at different time scales.
What is quantum information? Information symmetry and mechanical motion
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: May 2020

The concept of quantum information is introduced as both normed superposition of two orthogonal subspaces of the separable complex Hilbert space and invariance of Hamilton and Lagrange representation of any mechanical system. The base is the isomorphism of the standard introduction and the representation of a qubit to a 3D unit ball, in which two points are chosen.The separable complex Hilbert space is considered as the free variable of quantum information and any point in it (a wave function describing a state of a quantum system) as its value as the bound variable.A qubit is equivalent to the generalization of ‘bit’ from the set of two equally probable alternatives to an infinite set of alternatives. Then, that Hilbert space is considered as a generalization of Peano arithmetic where any unit is substituted by a qubit and thus the set of natural number is mappable within any qubit as the complex internal structure of the unit or a different state of it. Thus, any mathematical structure being reducible to set theory is representable as a set of wave functions and a subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space, and it can be identified as the category of all categories for any functor represents an operator transforming a set (or subspace) of the separable complex Hilbert space into another. Thus, category theory is isomorphic to the Hilbert-space representation of set theory & Peano arithmetic as above.Given any value of quantum information, i.e. a point in the separable complex Hilbert space, it always admits two equally acceptable interpretations: the one is physical, the other is mathematical. The former is a wave function as the exhausted description of a certain state of a certain quantum system. The latter chooses a certain mathematical structure among a certain category. Thus there is no way to be distinguished a mathematical structure from a physical state for both are described exhaustedly as a value of quantum information. This statement in turn can be utilized to be defined quantum information by the identity of any mathematical structure to a physical state, and also vice versa. Further, that definition is equivalent to both standard definition as the normed superposition and invariance of Hamilton and Lagrange interpretation of mechanical motion introduced in the beginning of the paper.Then, the concept of information symmetry can be involved as the symmetry between three elements or two pairs of elements: Lagrange representation and each counterpart of the pair of Hamilton representation. The sense and meaning of information symmetry may be visualized by a single (quantum) bit and its interpretation as both (privileged) reference frame and the symmetries 𝑈𝑈(1), 𝑆𝑆𝑆 (2), and 𝑆𝑆𝑆 (3) of the Standard model.
Tactics for design and inference in synthetic control studies: An applied example using high-dimensional data
Authors: Hollingsworth Alex , Wing Coady
Published: May 2020

Most applied synthetic control studies do not explain the identifying assumptions supporting causal inference. We describe these assumptions, illustrate how they can fail, and examine the consequences of such failures. We offer recommendations for discretionary implementation decisions, connecting each to a core identifying assumption. We also show how to implement a Synthetic Control Using Lasso, which allows a high-dimensional donor pool, automates model selection, allows donors from multiple variable types, and permits extrapolation and negative weights. In an application, we estimate how recreational marijuana legalization affects sales of alcohol and over-the-counter painkillers, finding reductions in alcohol sales.
Membaca Artikel Akademik Fadhilaturrahmi
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2020

Riset ini bertujuan untuk membaca artikel akademik Fadhilaturrahmi sebagai salah satu penulis asal Indonesia. Pendekatan yang dipilih ialah kualitatif kategori deskriptif dengan desain fenomenologi. Data riset dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik pengamatan naturalistic, analisis konten, serta wawancara sosok kunci. Pemeriksaan keabsahan, keandalan, dan keobjektifan data yang diperoleh dilakukan menggunakan teknik triangulasi dan external audit.
Pandemic Emotions: The Extent, Correlates, and Mental Health Consequences of Personal and Altruistic Fear of COVID-19
Authors: Sloan Melissa , Haner Murat , Graham Amanda , Cullen Francis T. , Pickett Justin , Jonson Cheryl Lero
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 has had unprecedented effects on populations around the world. Given the political and moral context of the pandemic and the nation’s response to it, this study sought to assess the extent of American’s personal fear about the virus as well as their fear for others (altruistic fear), identify potential predictors of these fears, and examine the mental health impact of heightened COVID-19 fears. Overall, a majority of respondents worried about various aspects of the virus, from being exposed to dying and reported often worrying about others, including family, the elderly, and healthcare professionals. Building on the fear of crime literature, we find that certain individuals, including those who believe they are at a high risk of dying from the virus, those who closely follow news coverage of the pandemic, and those with strong moral foundations, are likely to experience elevated fear and, possibly, its consequences.
Coordinative overload approach in the high jump mark of a juvenile decathlete
Authors: da Silva Geovani Messias
Published: May 2020

Coordinative overload approach (COA) aims to develop advantageous, fixed, andlow-energy states in individual movement. A healthy and active decathlete wasused, with three years of decathlon experience and 16 years old. The volunteertraining decathlon in a social project and performs strength training at the HighYield Training Academy of the Estacio do Ceará University Center. The athlete doesnot train for the high jump event because of his social project limitations. The threestages of strength training were structural, intramuscular, and intermuscular,divided into 28 weeks. Results show an improvement of 25 centimeters about theinitial mark after 28 weeks. The athlete had an improvement over his mark beforestarting the COA, even though he did not train the high jump.
The current industrial revolution and smart technology in surgical practice
Authors: Joshi Mukund Raj
Published: May 2020

No abstract available.
The burden of acute pancreatitis and early experience of step-up approach for acute necrotizing pancreatitis at Military Hospital
Authors: Rawal Sushil Bahadur , Laudari Uttam , Khatiwada Basanta , Thapa Anup , Jha Manoj Kumar , Rayamajhi Jyoti , Malla Srijan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Twenty-five percent of acute pancreatitis develops severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). SAP patients have prolonged hospitalization and require a substantial amount of manpower and hospital resources. The aim of this study was to give an insight into the burden of acute pancreatitis at a tertiary level military hospital and to share the experience of managing pancreatic necrosis with the application of the step-up approach.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study of consecutive patients was conducted at Shree Birendra Army Hospital from 2017 June to 2017 November. Patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis admitted were stratified according to severity as per Revised Atlanta classification 2012. Patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis were enrolled for the step-up approach. Patient’s demography, baseline investigations, radiology, prognostic scoring scales and type of intervention were analyzed. The burden of severe acute pancreatitis at our center and the early experience of the step-up approach at our centre within the study period were studied.

Results: Out of 35 five patients with acute pancreatitis, 7 (20%) subsequently developed severe acute pancreatitis. Among them, five patients subsequently developed necrotizing pancreatitis who were managed according to the step-up approach. Out of them, three patients subsequently underwent operative intervention in the form of minimally invasive procedures like percutaneous drain placement, laparoscopic necrosectomy, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement, and open necrosectomy.

Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is a common presentation at our centre. The step-up approach in the management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a safe and feasible approach.
Clinico-pathological evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Mukhia Rupesh , Bhatta Sushama , Simkhada Ganesh , Thapa Abishek , Mukhia Rupashia
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cervical lymph nodes are peripheral lymphoid organs distributed in the neck.  The term lymphadenopathy refers to nodes that are palpable and abnormal in size, consistency or numbers. Diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy can vary from neoplasm to various kinds of infection. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of lymphadenopathy can sometimes be challenging and can lead to delay in diagnosis causing delayed treatment and subsequent health issues.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on 78 patients of cervical lymphadenopathy who presented in the surgical outpatient department of KIST Medical College. Detailed history, physical examination and necessary investigations including fine needle aspiration cytology were done in all patients

Results: Most patients were between 21 to 40 years of age. The commonest cause for cervical lymphadenopathy was reactive lymphadenitis (53.84%) followed by Tuberculosis (34.61%). Secondary metastasis was seen in 7 patients (8.97%). In tubercular lymphadenitis, the anterior triangle group was the most commonly involved group of cervical lymph nodes (74 %), followed by the posterior triangle and supraclavicular equally (11.11%).  

Conclusions: Reactive Lymphadenopathy is the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. However, variable diagnosis can be possible from non-neoplastic to neoplastic condition.
Early experience with ultrasound guided pneumatic reduction of intussusception using locally assembled equipment in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Suman Bikram
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Intussusception is one of the commonest emergency conditions in children. Pneumatic reduction of intussusception, a minimally invasive technique, has a higher success rate and lower incidence of complications as compared to barium enema & hydrostatic reduction and also omits the need for unnecessary laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the pneumatic reduction in our hospital as a treatment of idiopathic pediatric ileocolic intussusception and to identify the pretreatment factors associated with pneumatic reduction failure.

Methods: This was a prospective analytical study. A total of 12 children were enrolled in the study between January to November 2018 at Nepal National Hospital, Kathmandu. Patients were given air enema under Ultrasound-guidance, using locally assembled equipment. All procedures were performed under intravenous anesthesia. The intraluminal pressure was monitored with a pressure gauge and was not permitted to go above 100 mmHg. A total of three attempts of 3 minutes each were allowed.

Results: Average age of the patients was 2.7 years, with a male-female ratio of 3:1. Eleven (92%) of the cases were successfully reduced while 1 (8%) case failed to reduce. No bowel perforation occurred in this study. The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 42 hours. The mean length of intussusceptum was 3.058 cm. the mean duration of pneumatic reduction was 1.97 minutes and total intervention time i.e. from induction of anesthesia to reversal from anesthesia was 18.55 minutes.

Conclusion: The technique described is easy to assemble, safe and effective. I recommend it for regular use in pneumatic reduction of intussusception, especially in centers with limited resources.
Unusual achalasic sigmoid esophagus
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Shrestha Vijay , Awale Laligen , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher
Published: May 2020

Achalasia cardia is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder with an incidence of about 1 in 100,000 individuals. If left untreated or inappropriately treated, the disease may progress to end-stage achalasia characterized by megaesophagus or sigmoid esophagus. The presentation as severe malnutrition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and asymptomatic tracheal compression has not been described in the setting of the sigmoid esophagus, in absence of underlying malignancy. Here we report an interesting case of a young male, who presented with the above features and managed excellently by open Heller’s myotomy under epidural anesthesia due to the poor performance status.
Diagnostic dilemma in a large choledochal cyst
Authors: Gurung Tul Maya , Koirala Rabin , Shrestha Amit
Published: May 2020

Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies that have a variable presentation with occasional diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.

Our case is a 14-year female presented with recurrent abdomen pain with confusing diagnostic findings, suggestive of a large choledochal cyst (22x29x17cm) initially managed by percutaneous tube biliary drainage and later underwent excision and HPE revealing non-malignant findings.

The choledochal cyst should always be a differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with an abdominal mass and should be managed accordingly.
A rare encounter of obstructed direct inguinal hernia
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Rajbhandari Nripesh , Malla Balaram , Bhatta Gakul
Published: May 2020

The direct inguinal hernia has a wider neck and thus usually doesn’t present as strangulation or incarceration in comparison to the indirect component. When direct inguinal hernias are untreated for a longer duration, they may get strangulated and incarcerated. Hence such long-standing direct hernias with features of intestinal obstruction and /or peritonism should be promptly seen and diagnosed to prevent massive and unwanted intestinal resection. We are reporting a case of 83-year-old male presented to Surgical Emergency Department of Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University hospital with complaints of swelling in the right inguinoscrotal region for 12 years and progressed to become irreducible and painful for 12 hours. Clinically he had an acute intestinal obstruction. Intra-operatively we found a direct hernia containing congested small bowel loops and toxic fluids. The toxic fluid was suctioned and after confirming viability, modified Bassini’s repair was done with reinforcement of the posterior wall.

Even direct inguinal hernia of longer duration can cause acute or sub-acute intestinal obstruction with or without features of peritonism. This complication is more common in elderly patients.
‘मैले नजन्माएको छोरो’ कथाको समाख्यान विश्लेषण "Maile Najanmayeko Chhoro" Kathako Samakhyan Vishleshan
Authors: लुइटेल Luitel गोविन्दप्रसाद  Govindaprasad
Published: May 2020

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन ‘मैले नजन्माएको छोरो’ कथाको समाख्यान विश्लेषणमा आधारित रहेको छ । समाख्यान विश्लेषण समाख्यानको संरचना विश्लेषण गर्ने समाख्यानशास्त्रीय अवधारणा हो । यसमा समाख्यानअन्तर्गत विवेच्य कथाका समाख्याता, समाख्यानात्मक वाच्यत्व र कथनीयताको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा प्रस्तुत कथामा कथासम्बद्धताका आधारमा बहिर्निष्ठ, पात्रसम्बद्धताका आधारमा समाख्याताले कथा संसारभित्र पात्रका रूपमा उपस्थित भएर आफ्नो कथा आफै भनेकाले संलग्न स्वकथनात्मक समाख्याता र समाख्याताको खुलाइका आधारमा आफूलाई सन्दर्भ बनाएर खुला रूपमा प्रस्तुति गरेकाले यस कथाको समाख्याता खुला समाख्याता हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ । यस कथामा समाख्याताले आफूलाई सन्दर्भ बनाएकाले समाख्याताबारे धेरै सूचनाहरू प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ र कथामा समाख्याताको आवाज पनि उच्च छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा समाख्याता आफैलाई सन्दर्भ बनाएर जीवनजगत्प्रतिको आत्मगत अभिव्यक्ति, निराशा र अस्मिताबोधलाई कथनीयताका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको पाइन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ ।
ANALISA KARAKTER TOKOH ANDREA DALAM FILM THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN HUMANISTIK
Authors: Mulyati Sri -
Published: May 2020

Karya sastra adalah media yang digunakan oleh pengarang untuk menyampaikan ide, pemikiran,  dan pengalaman pengarang yang disampaikan kepada pembaca. Novel merupakan karya sastra yang menceritakan kehidupan seorang atau beberapa orang tokoh. Kehidupan tokoh tersebut diceritakan dengan gaya pengarang yang bertujuan untuk menghibur dan memberikan pelajaran bagi para pembacanya. Dalam membuat novel pengarang menceritakan pengalaman hidup yang mungkin terjadi dalam hidup manusia di dunia nyata. Film dianggap sebagai media komunikasi yang ampuh terhadap masyarakat yang menjadi sasarannya, karena sifatnya yang audio visual, yaitu gambar dan suara yang hidup. Film mampu bercerita banyak dalam waktu singkat. Ketika menonton film, penonton seakan-akan dapat menembus ruang dan waktu. Film bahkan dapat mempengaruhi penonton.Objek penelitian ini adalah film, yaitu film The Devil Wears Prada. Dalam film ini penulis fokus pada karakter tokoh Andrea, asisten pribadi pimpinan redaksi majalah fashion, Runway, Miranda Priestly. “The Devil Wears Prada” adalah film drama komedi Amerika tahun 2006 yang dibuat berdasarkan novel Lauren Weisberger tahun 2003 dengan nama yang sama.  Film ini menceritakan tentang sosok wanita pemimpin editor sebuah perusahaan majalah fashion mode terkemuka di Paris, Runway, dan bagaimana hubungannya dengan salah satu asisten pribadinya, AndreaAndrea seorang wanita biasa yang sederhana, tidak berpenampilan menarik, namun rendah hati, supel, dan cerdas, yang diberi kesempatan oleh Miranda untuk bekerja sebagai sekertaris pribadinya yang kedua setelah Emily.  Sosok yang pada akhirnya mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan budaya kerja di kantor ia bekerja yaitu kantor majalah fashion yang terkemuka, Runway, dan memahami tugas-tugas kerjanya serta dapat menyelesaikan  semuanya dengan baik.  Keywords: film, fashion, women carrier
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN CITRA DIGITAL UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI UMUR POHON
Authors: Munantri Nadzir Zaid , Sofyan Herry , Florestiyanto Mangaras Yanu
Published: May 2020

determined from several factors. One factor is the knowledge of the age of trees. Age of trees can be known through the circle of years on wood or also called growth. From the considerations above the formula issued is how to make a growth calculation system that is able to calculate by computer calculation, so we need an analysis to determine the age of the tree with growth. To support growth in wood one method that can be used is edge detection. The first stage in the process is grayscale which is done changing the RGB color image to gray, then the sobel edge detection process works to display the outline / edge of the image, then the calculation process is carried out with the formula.Keywords : image processing, annual ring, growthring, edge detection, sobelKualitas kayu yang baik dapat ditentukan dari beberapa faktor. Salah satu faktor itu adalah dengan mengetahui usia pohon. Usia pohon dapat diketahui berdasarkan lingkaran tahun pada kayu atau disebut juga dengan growthring. Dari permasalahan diatas rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana membuat sistem penghitungan growthring yang mampu menghitung dengan perhitungan komputer, maka diperlukan suatu analisis untuk mengetahui umur pohon dengan growthring. Untuk mendeteksi growthring pada kayu salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan adalah menggunakan edge detection. Tahapan yang pertama dilakukan proses dilakukan adalah proses grayscale yang dimana berfungsi mengubah gambar warna RGB menjadi abu abu, kemudian proses edge detection sobel yang berfungsi menampilkan garis tepi/tepian gambar, kemudian dilakukan proses perhitugan dengan rumus.Kata Kunci : pegolahan citra, lingkar tahun, growthring, edge detection, sobel
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PEMBERI MAKAN IKAN OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO
Authors: Florestiyanto Mangaras Yanu , Prasetyo Dessyanto Boedi , Handigar Moh. Hafidz Randy
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn fish farming activities there are a number of important things that must be considered, namely feeding and controlling the quality of the water in the pond such as water temperature, pH level and water clarity, because these elements are important for fish growth and life. Adjusting the time to feed the fish is also very important so that the fish can stay alive, if it is too late to feed the fish the fish can be stressed and eventually starve to death. Fish owners who have a fairly busy level of activity, will feel a little difficulty when leaving the house in a long time, because meeting the needs of fish and continuous monitoring is very time consuming. Thus, an automatic fish feeding device was developed which can be adjusted when feeding and measuring the feeding. In this study, Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega 2560 are the "brains" that control inputs, processes and outputs. Servo motor as a cover drive where fish feed is released. Water temperature sensors, pH sensors and water clarity sensors or TDS to monitor the state of the water. The output generated from the auto fish feeder has issued the feed in accordance with the set hours when testing, only the size of the feed will affect the amount of feed that comes out, as well as testing the temperature sensor, pH, and water clarity working properly.Keywords : Arduino, microcontroller, fish feeder, sensorDalam Kegiatan budidaya ikan ada beberapa hal penting yang harus diperhatikan yaitu pemberian pakan dan pengontrolan terhadap kualitas air yang ada dikolam seperti suhu air, kadar pH dan kejernihan air, karena unsur-tersebut penting bagi pertumbuhan dan kehidupan ikan. Penyesuaian waktu memberi makan ikan juga sangat penting agar ikan dapat tetap hidup, jika terlambat dalam memberi makan ikan maka ikan bisa stress dan akhirnya mati kelaparan. Pemilik ikan yang memiliki tingkat kesibukan yang cukup padat, akan merasakan sedikit kesulitan ketika akan meninggalkan rumah dalam waktu yang cukup lama, karena pemenuhan kebutuhan ikan dan pemantauan terus menerus sangat memakan waktu. Dengan demikian maka dikembangkanlah sebuah alat pemberi makan ikan otomatis yang dapat diatur waktu pemberian pakannya dan takaran pemberian pakannya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Arduino Uno dan Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai “otak” yang mengendalikan input, proses dan output. Motor servo sebagai penggerak penutup tempat keluarnya pakan ikan. Sensor suhu air, sensor pH dan sensor kejernihan air atau TDS untuk memantau keadaan air. Output yang dihasilkan dari auto fish feeder sudah mengeluarkan pakan sesuai dengan pengaturan jam yang sudah diatur ketika pengujian, hanya ukuran pakan akan mempengaruhi jumlah takaran pakan yang keluar, serta pengujian sensor suhu, pH, dan kejernihan air bekerja dengan baik.Kata Kunci : Arduino, mikrokontroller, fish feeder, sensor
Prognostic biomarkers of risk and progression of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lilevska A.A. , Sierkova V.K. , Savytska O.O.
Published: May 2020

Annotation. Currently, the problem of associated pathology of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems will be considered not only as a combination of different diseases, but also as severe condition with common pathogenetic links. This fact is increasingly recognized in the context of “the cardio-pulmonary continuum”. The aim of the study is to determine the significance of biomarkers characterizing the role of lipid disorders and the processes of destruction of atherosclerotic plaques for early diagnosis of CHD in patients with COPD. 197 men were examined, including 153 people with COPD and 44 patients with stable СHD II, III FC (mean age of 56,4±3,8 years). The level of LP (a) and PAPP-A were determined using ELISA. Statistical processing of results was performed using software “Statistica” V. 10.0 and “Microsoft Office Excel 2010”. There were the differences in the lipid spectrum of blood in patients with isolated pulmonary disease and COPD in combination with CHD. The average level of LP (a) in the group of patients with isolated COPD was 18,53±3,73 mg/dL (p>0,05), CHD patients — 46,27±2,78 mg/dL (p<0,05), in patients with comorbidity pathology 49,43±3,11 mg/dL (p<0,05). This allowed us to identify the level of LP (a) more than 17 mg/dL as a possible predictor of CHD. Method binary logistic regression established a highly significant impact of having CHD on the level of PAPP-A in patients with combined pathology: OR=14,516; CI=6,627-31,798; while the impact of COPD on the rate of increase in the level of PAPP-A was not significant. Confirmed the importance of introducing a definition of biomarkers of risk and progression of СHD in patients with COPD, namely the level of LP (a) and of PAPP-A. There is a need to conduct epidemiological studies to better understand the mechanisms, diagnostic and prognostic value of PAPP-A and LP (a) in asymptomatic subjects and in subjects with well-documented coronary heart disease in the presence of cardiorespiratory pathology.