bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Wean: A Case Report of Abrupt Weaning and Acute Dystonia
Authors: Karatekin Şeyma , Bacacı Kevser , Senol Ebru
Published: July 2024

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary foods until 2 years of age or beyond. Despite these recommendations, there is limited research on the timing and methods of breastfeeding cessation, with abrupt weaning potentially causing unforeseen consequences.
This report describes a case involving a 33-month-old girl who experienced acute dystonic reaction following the abrupt cessation of breastfeeding. It was learned that medication containing chlorpheniramine was given to the child to alleviate the uneasiness that developed due to abrupt cessation of breastfeeding. Patient’s symptoms were consistent with an acute dystonic reaction due to medication side effects, which improved with successful medical intervention.
Breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and cessation influence the mental and physical health of the mother-baby pair. Abrupt weaning can pose challenges. While there are no strict guidelines for weaning, gradual weaning is generally considered a more comfortable approach for both mother and baby.
To safeguard the well-being of the mother-baby pair, healthcare professionals should inform mothers about the discontinuation of breastfeeding and support a gradual weaning process. The presented case highlights the importance of careful consideration and professional guidance during the weaning process to prevent adverse outcomes.
Cardiac transplantation and dentistry
Authors: Abed Hassan , Kaka Shazia , Boyle Carole , Sherwin Emily
Published: July 2024

The number of cardiac transplants carried out each year within the UK is increasing. With this rise in numbers, it is important that dental professionals are aware of both pre- and post-operative considerations for these patients. This paper considers the practical elements of managing these patients, outlining important aspects of history taking, treatment planning, and safe pain and anxiety management options.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

The unilateral sagittal split osteotomy may present an alternative method for removing impacted mandibular third molar teeth in certain situations.
THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF A SINGLE-SURGEON APPROACH COMPARED TO A DUAL SURGEON APPROACH ON THE REDISLOCATION RATE FOLLOWING OPEN REDUCTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP IN CHILDREN
Authors: Clarke M. , Segura M. , Cox D. , Horner M. , Kiely N. , Williams D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can be managed through a variety of different surgical approaches from closed reduction to simple tenotomies of the adductors and through to osteotomies of the femur and pelvis. The rate of redislocation following open reduction for the treatment of DDH may be affected by the number of intraoperative surgeons.

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 109 patients who underwent open reduction with or without bony osteotomies as a primary intervention between 2013 and 2023. We measured the number of redislocations and number of operating surgeons (either 1 or 2 operating surgeons) to assess for any correlation. 109 patients were identified and corresponded to 121 primary hip operations, the mean age at operation was 82.2 months (range 6 to 739 months). During the 10-year period 7 hip redislocations were identified.

Results

Of the 7 redislocated hips, the rate of redislocation was found to be higher in patients who had undergone surgery via a single surgeon (5 redislocations) compared to the dual surgeon cohort (2 redislocations), though this did not reach statistical significance. Redislocation was more common in female patients and right laterality 7.2% and 8.7% respectively, though this again did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

We conclude that a single surgeon approach, female gender and right laterality are potential risk factors for redislocation following open reduction. Further investigation utilising a larger sample size would be required to appropriately explore these potential risk factors further.
ROTATIONAL AND ANGULAR MALALIGNMENT FOLLOWING TITANIUM ELASTIC NAILING SYSTEM AND HIP SPICA CAST FOR FEMUR DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES IN FOUR- TO SIX-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Singh A. , Raulo B. C. , Das P. B. , Dash A. , Zeon N.
Published: July 2024

Femoral shaft fractures are fairly common injuries in paediatric age group. The treatment protocols are clear in patients of age less than 4 years and greater than 6 years. The real dilemma lies in the age group of 4–6 years. The aim of this study is to find whether a conservative line should be followed, or a more aggressive surgical intervention can provide significantly better results in these injuries.

This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, India from January 2020 to March 2021. A total of 40 patients with femur shaft fractures were included and randomly divided in two treatment groups. Group A were treated with a TENS nail while group B were treated with skin traction followed by spica cast. They were regularly followed up with clinical and radiological examination to look out for signs of healing and any complications. TENS was removed at 4–9 months’ time in all Group A patients.

Group A patients had a statistically significant less hospital stay, immobilisation period, time to full weight bearing and radiological union. Rotational malunions were significantly lower in Group A (p-value 0.0379) while there was no statistically significant difference in angular malunion in coronal and sagittal plane at final follow up. Complications unique to group A were skin necrosis and infection.

We conclude that TENS is better modality for treatment of shaft of femur fractures in patients of 4–6 years age as they significantly reduce the hospital stay, immobilization period and rotational malalignment.
THE USE OF A TIBIA REDUCTION DEVICE IN THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES UNDERGOING TIBIAL NAILING AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL: A PARALLEL CASE SERIES
Authors: Hossain T. , Kimberley C. , Starks I. , Barlow T. , Barlow D.
Published: July 2024

Malalignment is a common complication following tibial surgery, occurring in 10% of fractures. This is associated with prolonged healing time and non-union. It occurs due to inability to maintain a satisfactory reduction. A reduction device, such as the Staffordshire Orthopaedic Reduction Machine (STORM), permits the surgeon to manipulate the fracture and hold it reduced.

A retrospective parallel case series was undertaken of all patients undergoing tibial nails over a six-year period from 2014 to 2021. Patient demographics were obtained from medical records. Operative times obtained from the theatre IT system and included the time patient entered theatre and surgical start and finish times for each case.

Anteroposterior and lateral long leg post-operative radiographs were reviewed. Angulation was measured in both coronal and sagittal planes, by two separate orthopaedic surgeons. A reduction was classified to be ‘mal-aligned’ if the angle measured was greater than 5 degrees. One tailed unpaired t-test was used to compare alignment in each plane. Bony union was assessed on subsequent radiographs and was determined according to the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures

31 patients underwent tibial nail during the time period. 8 patients were lost to follow up and were excluded. Of the remaining 23 patients, the STORM device was utilised in 11.

The overall mean alignment was acceptable across all groups at 2.17° in the coronal plane and 2.56° in the saggital plane. Analysing each group individually demonstrated an improved alignment when STORM was utilised: 1.7° (1°–3°) vs 2.54° (0°–5°) for the coronal plane and 1.6° (0°–3°) vs 3.31° (0°–9°) in the saggital plane. This difference was significant in saggital alignment (p=0.03) and showed a positive trend in coronal alignment, although was not significant (p=0.08)

The time in theatre was shorter in the control group with a mean of 113 minutes (65 to 219) in comparison to STORM with a mean of 140 minutes (105 to 180), an increased theatre time of 27 minutes (p=0.04).

This study demonstrates that STORM can be used in the surgical treatment of tibial fractures resulting in improved fracture alignment with a modest increase in theatre time.
Effect of compression temperature on the structure and properties of hot compressed sodium borosilicate glasses from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ren Mengguo ,   University of North Texas, Du Jincheng
Published: July 2024

Applying pressure during glass formation or annealing is an effective method to modify the properties of oxide glasses. The effect of compression temperature on the structure and properties of a sodium borosilicate glass has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The connection between macroscopic properties (density and elastic moduli) and microscopic structures (short- and medium-range order) was investigated. Young’s modulus increased with the compression temperature and then reached a plateau at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature. The modulus increase was found to correlate linearly with glass density change. Correlations with structural changes, such as fraction of four-fold coordinated boron, oxygen triclusters, sodium ion coordination number and the Na–O and Na–Na distances were studied. The results suggest that the pressure-induced transformation from three-fold to four-fold coordinated boron was achieved through the formation of oxygen triclusters, which is different from the commonly observed mechanism involving nonbridging oxygen during the boron coordination change. In addition, the linear correlation between sodium coordination number and glass density suggests that change of sodium ion local environment and redistribution of sodium ions also play an important role in the property behaviour during pressure quenching of the glasses.
A study on elastic properties of CdO–B2O3 glasses by using ultrasonic pulse-echo technique
Authors: Abd El-Moneim Amin ,   Zagazig University, Hashem Hassan A. , Azooz M. A. ,   National Research Centre (Egypt)
Published: July 2024

Binary xCdO–(100−x)B2O3 glasses (45 mol% ≤ x ≤ 90 mol%) were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching technique. The effect of CdO on structure and elastic properties of the borate network was studied by using ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. Density and molar volume of the glass show an increase with increasing CdO content, whereas, ultrasonic velocities, elastic moduli, micro-hardness and Debye temperature revealed a broad peaks around 75 mol% CdO. These findings were interpreted in terms the types of the basic structural units that composing the glass network. In the composition range 45 mol%≤x≤75 mol%, the addition of CdO, a network modifier, resulted in formation of extra bridging oxygens due to BO3ÆBO4 conversion and, which expands the borate network and stiffening the structure. Beyond x=75 mol%, some of CdO4 structural units and weaker B–O–Cd linkages are formed, besides the creation of NBOs. This opens the structure and decrease the rigidity of the glass. Correlations between elastic properties and compositional parameters are achieved by applying the ring deformation model and Abd El-Moneim’s approach.
Stoking hate: configuring loss in explanations of racially aggravated crime
Authors: Gadd David
Published: July 2024

Why do some people racially abuse others? In this article, I revisit fieldwork conducted in the early 2000s in Stoke-on-Trent in North Staffordshire with people implicated in racially harassment and racially aggravated crimes. I consider how Keval’s (2024) concept of a ‘haunting melody of loss’ can be used to capture the psychosocial dynamics apparent among people who directed their animosity towards migrant and minority ethnic groups in the midst of their own experiences of loss of face, reputation, health, financial security, control and a sense of community. The article contemplates how such dynamics subsequently became more pervasive features of the British political land, capitalised on by parties of the political right and far-right in the decade that followed. It also invites psychosocial reflections on the harms caused to migrant and minority ethnic populations demonised, misleadingly, as to blame for the losses of encountered by large sections of the ethnic majority white population and notes the enduring dangers cultivated by misdirecting the grief of loss posed by populist politics.
(In)Forming care: negotiating tensions in everyday information work in dementia care
Authors: Dalmer Nicole K.
Published: July 2024

This article highlights carers’ information-related work of caring for community-dwelling older adults living with dementia. Within an institutional ethnography method of inquiry, two sets of interviews with 13 carers and five paid dementia care staff map out the social organisation of carers’ information work. Carers’ information work is organised by timescales of past, present and future. Paid dementia care staff’s work reveals the broader institutional agendas that shape and constrain the ways that family caregivers experience their information work. As carers contend with information that is ‘fluid’ and ambiguous, differing supports are required to agentively support carers’ information needs.
Papel de los suprasegmentos en la construcción de la (macro)estructura discursiva
Authors: Perea Siller Francisco Javier
Published: July 2024

Este artículo examina los elementos prosódicos que intervienen en la estructuración interna de los discursos monologales (i.e., macroestructura) en dos aspectos principales: la configuración de los paratonos y las señales fonéticas que indican la concatenación de los enunciados. Para alcanzar tal objetivo se analizará el discurso parlamentario español. Nos centraremos en las intervenciones de las sesiones plenarias 246 y 247 del Congreso de los Diputados de la XIV Legislatura, correspondientes al 21 y 22 de marzo de 2023, que contienen la moción de censura que el grupo parlamentario VOX interpuso al presidente del gobierno, con el debate subsiguiente. Se analizarán los elementos comunes y los idiosincráticos en la configuración de la macroestructura textual.
La lluita contra les epidèmies a Catalunya abans dels postulats microbiològics (1)
Authors: Parrilla Valero Fernando
Published: July 2024

Des de l’aparició de la pandèmia de Pesta Negra a Europa (1347-1353) fins als nostres dies, les malalties epidèmiques i pandèmiques han estat una gran preocupació per als governants i per a les autoritats sanitàries, a causa de les seves conseqüències demogràfiques, econòmiques, socials (d’ordre públic) i sanitàries. En aquest article exposarem l’organització sanitària i la gestió dels brots epidèmics de les malalties infeccioses a Catalunya, entre els segles XIV i XIX, abans de l’era microbiològica.
Las Funciones ejecutivas en el marco de la Neuroeducación.
Authors: Parrado Torres Henry Giovanni
Published: July 2024

El auge de las neurociencias y su inclusión en los sistemas escolares abren un sendero inédito hacía la transformación del rol docente, que debe conducir a los educadores a la deconstrucción de sus prácticas educativas, a la actualización de sus propuestas metodológicas y al perfeccionamiento de sus didácticas. Un maestro que conoce como aprende el cerebro, los procesos que se encuentran inmersos y la forma idónea de estimularlo, hace más eficientes y significativos los ambientes de enseñanza, mejora los aprendizajes de sus estudiantes y forma individuos con mayor potencial emocional, social y humano. Acorde a lo anterior y validando la importancia de estos argumentos, el presente artículo hace un reconocimiento y análisis minucioso de las intervenciones centradas en las funciones ejecutivas desarrolladas en contextos educativos del 2018 en adelante, con la intención de identificar de forma holística e integradora los distintos factores, acciones y características que hacen de estos programas de estimulación propuestas exitosas, a fin de obtener orientaciones, sugerencias o criterios  que permitan a los lectores y el escritor moldear propuestas educativas en función de la neuroeducación y continuar evidenciando la necesidad de su inserción edificante en los sistemas educativos actuales, los cuales apuntan hacia una camino de calidad, en el cual la neuroeducación puede ser una gran aliada.
Teaching – It’s a No Brainer, Right?: Using an Assessment Course to Bust Educators’ Neuromyths
Authors: Seccia Amanda , Allee Karyn
Published: July 2024

Misinformation about the brain, known as neuromyths, is prevalent among educational practitioners and often inadvertently (mis)informs instructional strategies. In the current study, a mixed methods design was used to test how resources and instruction on neuromyths implemented within an assessment course impacted elementary education pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) beliefs about the brain. Specifically, this study aims to address: (1) Where do PSTs learn neuromyths? (2) Does an explicit focus on “neuromyth-busting” in a required course shift PSTs’ understanding of neuroeducational science? (3) What are PSTs’ understanding of neuroeducational science and the impacts on their practice after this course? Results from a pre-/post-survey show that many of the PSTs’ neuromyth beliefs shifted by the end of the course. Through open-ended survey responses, PSTs reported that they learned neuromyths from a variety of resources and their thoughts about neuromyths are multifaceted and complex. By the end of the course, PSTs related what they learned about the brain to the importance of differentiating instruction. Findings indicate that using a mixed methods approach provides a well-rounded view of PSTs’ beliefs in neuromyths. Incorporating information about the brain in education courses may be an effective way to promote critical thought and dispel common neuromyths among PSTs.
Daoism and Diaspora in Post-millennial Taiwanese Martial Arts Films
Authors: Feng Lin
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: Martial arts films create cinematic universes that encourage audiences to imagine Chinese culture and history. Through analyzing Ang Lee’s Wohu Canglong ( Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon , 2000) and Hou Hsiao-hsien’s Cike Nie Yinniang ( The Assassin , 2015), I argue that Taiwanese martial arts films have shifted away from the genre’s conventional narrative of the Confucian code of honor in the 1960s and 1970s to Daoist’s wuwei (no action, no achievement) in the new millennium. Engaging with Taiwan’s political context in relation to the Sinophone, this article goes beyond the genre study and explicates that Daoism offers Taiwan’s second-generation waishengren (people from foreign provinces) filmmakers a liminal space to search for their own diasporic identity in an ever-changing society.
Mário Domingues, Race, and the Black Modernist Novel in Portugal ( O preto do Charleston [1929])
Authors: Beleza Fernando
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article explores the novel O preto do Charleston (1929), by the Black Portuguese writer, journalist, anarchist, and anti-racist/anti-colonial activist Mário Domingues (1899–1977), considered against the backdrop of the racial regimes of Portuguese modernism and the transnational currents of the Black Atlantic. It argues that Domingues's political thought and the cultural influences of the Black Atlantic, along with his place as a Black intellectual and artist in early twentieth-century Lisbon, shaped his literary production, whilst the exploration of modernist literary themes and aesthetics in his novel offered the Príncipe-born writer new and original ways of addressing his anti-racist, anti-colonial, and anarchist ideas. More precisely, I propose that, in O preto do Charleston , Domingues challenged Fernando Pessoa's (1888–1935) narrative of aesthetic and national renewal with a Black modernist critique of modernity and its racial hierarchies, claiming a place for his literary production in the context of both Portuguese modernism and the modernisms of the Black Atlantic. Resumo: Este artigo explora a novela O preto do Charleston (1929), do escritor, jornalista, anarquista e activista antirracista/anticolonial português Mário Domingues (1899–1977), considerada no contexto dos regimes raciais do modernismo português e das correntes transnacionais do Atlântico Negro. Argumento que o pensamento político de Domingues e as influências culturais do Atlântico Negro, juntamente com o seu lugar enquanto intelectual e artista negro no início do século XX lisboeta, moldaram a sua produção literária, enquanto o recurso a temas literários e opções estéticas modernistas ofereceram ao escritor nascido na Ilha do Príncipe formas novas e originais de tratamento das suas ideias antirracistas, anticoloniais e anarquistas. Mais precisamente, proponho que, em O preto do Charleston , Domingues desafiou a narrativa de renovação estética e nacional de Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935) através de uma crítica modernista Negra da modernidade e das suas hierarquias raciais, afirmando um lugar para a sua produção literária simultaneamente no contexto do modernismo português e dos modernismos do Atlântico Negro.
Concept Misformation in the Age of Democratic Anxiety: Recent Temptations and Their Downsides
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: July 2024

abstract: Despite Giovanni Sartori’s famous warning, contemporary academia has seen a new bout of conceptual stretching, as evident in the loose, expansive usage of terms such as coup and fascism . This concept creep reflects the normative progress of recent decades, which has ruled out true fascism and deterred full-scale coups. Because these normative advances have induced remaining nefarious actors to pursue their undemocratic goals through formally democratic procedures, ambiguity has blurred conceptual boundaries. The article posits that when examining this gray area, scholars may be tempted to overuse dramatic terms because concern about new threats to democracy has motivated a turn to public intellectualism and democratic engagement. Moreover, the proliferation of social media has fueled stiff competition for public attention, which may have helped to create a penchant for stark warnings. The author argues that the resulting conceptual stretching undermines the clarity and accuracy required for academic scholarship and that such imprecision can also be counterproductive for scholars’ normative concerns. The overuse of dramatic terms risks distorting problem diagnosis, exacerbating polarization, and thus reinforcing the danger facing contemporary democracy, which arises primarily from the specific challenges that illiberal populism poses.
Modeling and simulation of optical system error transmission in the laser tracker
Authors: Qiao Xiaoxu , Wang Xiaodong , Gong Jianguo , Luo Yi
Published: July 2024

The optical system of the laser tracker utilizes plane mirrors to construct a reflective path, reducing its size and weight. However, maintaining the alignment of the laser with the ideal optical axis during its propagation in the optical system poses significant challenges in the design, fabrication, and assembly of the optical system. This paper explores the principle of error propagation during the assembly process of the optical system and improves the accuracy of the output laser through a numerical simulation and optimization methods. A general error model for the optical system is established to understand the principle of error propagation. A Monte Carlo numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis are used to study the influence of various errors on the accuracy of the output laser. The machining errors are optimized using a simulated annealing method to balance the manufacturing difficulty and system accuracy. The assembly process is also optimized to reduce the degrees of freedom and the number of optical parts required, and verified by experiments. The experimental results indicate that the average position error of the output laser is 15.743 µm, and the average angle error is 1.427′′. This study provides what we believe is a novel approach and methodology for the design and alignment of optical systems.
High-speed reflectance confocal microscopy using speckle modulation
Authors: Sugimura Momoka , Marcelino Kenneth , Romero Rafael , Zhao Jingwei , Kim Yongjun , Nessaee Ameer , Kim Kyungjo , Stratton Delaney , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara , Garfinkel Jason , Rubinstein Gennady , Kang Dongkyun
Published: July 2024

We developed a spectrally-encoded, line reflectance confocal microscope (RCM) that uses a rotating diffuser to rapidly modulate the illumination speckle pattern. The speckle modulation approach reduced speckle noise while imaging with a spatially coherent light source needed for high imaging speed and cellular resolution. The speckle-modulation RCM device achieved lateral and axial resolutions of 1.1 µm and 2.8 µm, respectively. With an imaging speed of 107 frames/sec, three-dimensional RCM imaging over 300-µm depth was completed within less than 1 second. RCM images of human fingers, forearms, and oral mucosa clearly visualized the characteristic cellular features without any noticeable speckle noise.
Hybrid WDM/MDM (De) multiplexer based on Fabry–Perot resonators with Bragg grating reflectors
Authors: Wang Yuan , Lu Jin , Niu Rui , Zou Chang-Ling , Dong Chun-Hua , Yang Xiaoniu , Xuan Qi , Ren Hongliang
Published: July 2024

The traveling-wave-like Fabry–Perot (TW-like F-P) resonators, utilizing transverse-mode conversion, have been thoroughly investigated as on-chip filters. However, the asymmetric directional coupling (ADC) between the phase shifter and the output waveguide in this structure is not fully utilized, resulting in a rare implementation of hybrid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM). In this paper, using the transfer matrix method (TMM), we investigate methods to effectively enhance the quality factor (Q-factor) of TW-like F-P resonators. This is achieved by increasing the phase shifter length and reducing the coupling coefficient between these waveguides, without significantly impacting the channel drop efficiency. MDM can be achieved by adjusting the width of the output waveguides, utilizing the ADC between the phase shifter and the output waveguide. We design nine-channel hybrid WDM-MDM multiplexers based on TW-like F-P resonators. The variational-finite-difference time-domain (varFDTD) method is utilized to analyze the device’s performance, and its single channel extinction ratio (ER) values can reach −20dB. This work paves the way for TW-like F-P-resonator-based large capacity optical communications and interconnections.
Proof-of-principle demonstration of free space semi-quantum key distribution based on the single-state protocol
Authors: Mo Naida , Huang Siying , Wang Jindong , Yu Yafei , Wei Zhengjun , Zhao Tianming , Zhang Zhiming
Published: July 2024

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) allows a quantum user and a classical user to share a string of secret keys, providing support for application scenarios that cannot withstand the high cost of quantum resources. In this paper, we propose what we believe to be the first proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of free space SQKD based on the single-state protocol, which is equipped with polarization encoding scheme employing the method of selective modulation. During the half-hour test time for each operation, the overall experiment obtained the original key rate of 107.2 kbps at the repetition frequency of 100 MHz, and the average bit error rate was determined to be 1.65% for CTRL operation and 0.64% for SIFT operation. The experimental results indicate that our system exhibits commendable performance and stability at a low bit error rate that represents a significant initial stride toward the future practical deployment of SQKD systems within free-space channels.
High-fidelity surface reconstruction using complementary colorimetry-encoded fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Ni Yubo , Wang Ying , Bai Yajing , Meng Zhaozong , Gao Nan , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Guofeng , Xu Jing , Zhang Zonghua
Published: July 2024

To solve the challenging issue of uneven reflectance of high-fidelity surface, this paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement method based on surface adaptation complementary colorimetry-encoded fringe projection profilometry. A complete complementary hue extraction method simulates the retina stimulation to establish the complementary conversion relationship between the projected and collected colors of the measurement system. On this basis, a surface reflectance adaptation fringe pattern encoding strategy is proposed to measure the high-fidelity surfaces. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of efficiently balancing and adjusting the reflected light intensity of each fidelity surface, thereby suppressing the ambiguity reconstruction texture. The established complementary colorimetry relationship also improves the light wavelength discrimination, saturation avoidance, measurement accuracy and efficiency.
Wide-field imaging and recognition through cascaded complex scattering media
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Wang Lele , Xiao Qirong , Ma Jianshe , Zhao Yi , Gong Mali
Published: July 2024

Considering the obvious application value in the field of minimally invasive and non-destructive clinical healthcare, we explore the challenge of wide-field imaging and recognition through cascaded complex scattering media, a topic that has been less researched, by realizing wide-field imaging and pathological screening through multimode fibers (MMF) and turbid media. To address the challenge of extracting features from chaotic and globally correlated speckles formed by transmitting images through cascaded complex scattering media, we establish a deep learning approach based on SMixerNet. By efficiently using the parameter-free matrix transposition, SMixerNet achieves a broad receptive field with less inductive bias through concise multi-layer perceptron (MLP). This approach circumvents the parameter's intensive requirements of previous implementations relying on self-attention mechanisms for global receptive fields. Imaging and pathological screening results based on extensive datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves better performance with fewer learning parameters, which helps deploy deep learning models on desktop-level edge computing devices for clinical healthcare. Our research shows that, deep learning facilitates imaging and recognition through cascaded complex scattering media. This research extends the scenarios of medical and industrial imaging, offering additional possibilities in minimally invasive and non-destructive clinical healthcare and industrial monitoring in harsh and complex scenarios.
Fiber-integrated quantum microscopy system for cells
Authors: Li Xinyi , Wei Shi-Hai , Chen Mingxuan , Xu Qiang , Jing Bo , Song Hai-Zhi
Published: July 2024

Quantum entanglement serves as an essential resource across various fields, including quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement. Quantum microscope, as one of the significant applications in quantum precision measurement, could bring revolutionary advancements in both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution of imaging. Here, we present a quantum microscopy system that relies on a fully fiber-integrated high-performance energy-time entangled light source operating within the near-infrared II (NIR-II) window. Complemented by tailored real-time data acquisition and processing software, we successfully demonstrate the quantum imaging of a standard target, achieving a SNR of 131.51 ± 6.74 and a spatial resolution of 4.75 ± 0.27 µm. Furthermore, we showcase quantum imaging of cancer cells, unveiling the potential of quantum entanglement in biomedical applications. Our fiber-integrated quantum microscope, characterized by high imaging SNR, instantaneous image capture, and analysis capabilities, marks an important step toward the practical application in life sciences.
Bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Hassan Faheem , Yang Donghao , Saadaoui Lotfi , Wang Yu , Drevensek-Olenik Irena , Qiu Ziyang , Shao Jingbin , Zhang Yiming , Gao Shaohua , Li Yigang , Zhang Xinzheng , Xu Jingjun
Published: July 2024

The bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect in ferroelectric liquid crystals is of increasing scientific interest owing to its great potential for light-energy conversion. The ferroelectric nematic phase exhibits a huge spontaneous polarization that can be aligned to a preferred direction. In this Letter, we investigate the tensorial properties of the BPV effect in the planarly aligned ferroelectric nematic phase of the liquid crystalline material RM734. A steady-state short-circuit photocurrent of ~160 pA and an open-circuit photovoltage of ~50 mV were observed in a cell with a thickness of 5.5 µm under the illumination of ultraviolet light without any bias voltage. Based on the photocurrent measurements in different electrode configurations, the non-zero elements of the BPV tensor were obtained. The BPV effect is attributed to the combination of the spontaneous polarization and the asymmetric distribution of photoinduced charge carriers. This study not only provides an understanding of the bulk PV mechanism in soft ferroelectrics but also promises a wide range of unprecedented, to the best of our knowledge, benefits for light harvesting to engineer marketable photovoltaic devices.
Space–time dispersive symmetric Pearcey-Pearcey wave packets in the fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhang Liping , Zhang Xiao , Yu Peixin , Ge Xiaolu , Chen Chidao , Man Zhongsheng , Deng Dongmei
Published: July 2024

This study presents an investigation into the propagation characteristics of a symmetric Pearcey-Pearcey space–time (SPPST) wave packet in a dispersive medium for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in an optical system based on the fractional Schrödinger equation. Subsequently, the influence of the dispersion (normal and abnormal dispersion) on the SPPST packet is analyzed comprehensively. By manipulating the parameters of the SPPST wave packet including the parameters of the symmetric Pearcey beam, the value of the chirp, and the dispersion in the medium, it is possible to control its shape, orientation, and propagation dynamics. Simultaneously, the study delves into the effects of the combination of the dispersion and the second-order chirp on the evolution of SPPST wave packets and the associated intensity with these wave packets. Studying self-focusing wave packets with spatiotemporal symmetry provides new theoretical support for the development of quantum optics and optical communication.
Wavelength tuning of VCSELs via controlled strain
Authors: Guessoum Salah , Kyriazis Athanasios , Malica Tushar , Van Erps Júrgen , Van Steenberge Geert , Virte Martin
Published: July 2024

Besides major advantages for telecommunication applications, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have attracted interest for their potential for neuro-inspired computing, frequency comb generation, or high-frequency spin oscillations. In the meantime, strain applied to the laser structure has been shown to have a significant impact on the laser emission properties such as the polarization dynamics or birefringence. In this work, we further explore the influence of strain on VCSELs and how this effect could be used to fine-tune the laser wavelength. Through a comprehensive investigation, we demonstrate a consistent wavelength shift up to 1 nm and report a sensitivity between 0.12 and 0.18 nm/millistrain. We also record birefringence values up to 292 GHz. Our results show that a controlled strain level could be considered for fine wavelength tuning and possibly alleviate the selection of VCSEL for precise wavelength requirements.
Topological metasurfaces [Invited]
Authors: Smirnova Daria , Kiriushechkina Svetlana , Vakulenko Anton , Khanikaev Alexander B.
Published: July 2024

Topological photonics allows for the deterministic creation of electromagnetic modes of any dimensionality lesser than that of the system. In the context of two-dimensional systems such as metasurfaces, topological photonics enables trapping of light in 0D cavities defined by boundaries of higher-order topological insulators and topological defects, as well as guiding of optical fields along 1D boundaries between topologically distinct domains. More importantly, it allows engineering interactions of topological modes with radiative continuum, which opens new opportunities to control light-matter interactions, scattering, generation, and emission of light. This review article aims at highlighting recent work in the field focusing on the control of radiation and generation of light in topological metasurfaces.
Mid-Infrared Doppler-Free Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of the Q Branch of CH4 ν3=1 Band using a Rapid-Scanning Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Liu Jinjun , Riyadh S. M. Shah , Telfah Hamzeh , Jones Ian , Bersson Jonathan , Cheng Cunfeng , HU Shui-Ming , Foote David
Published: July 2024

We have developed a mid-infrared Doppler-free saturation absorption spectroscopy apparatus using a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (CW-OPO). Here we report a comprehensive spectral scan of the Q branch transitions of the ν3=1 band of methane (CH4) with an average line width (FWHM) of 4.5 MHz. The absolute frequency calibration was achieved using previously reported transition frequencies determined using optical frequency combs, while a Fabry-Pérot etalon was used for relative frequency calibration. We report 12 transitions with improved accuracies of ~3 MHz.
Speckle-free holography with a diffraction-aware global perceptual model
Authors: Wei Yiran , Chen Yiyun , Zhou Mi , Chen Mu Ku , Jiao Shuming , Song Qinghua , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Geng Zihan
Published: July 2024

Computer-generated holography (CGH) based on neural networks has been actively investigated in recent years, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are frequently adopted. A convolutional kernel captures local dependencies between neighboring pixels. However, in CGH, each pixel on the hologram influences all the image pixels on the observation plane, thus requiring a network capable of learning long-distance dependencies. To tackle this problem, we propose a CGH model called Holomer. Its single-layer perceptual field is 43 times larger than that of a widely used 3×3 convolutional kernel, thanks to the embedding-based feature dimensionality reduction and multi-head sliding-window self-attention mechanisms. In addition, we propose a metric to measure the networks’ learning ability of the inverse diffraction process. In the simulation, our method demonstrated noteworthy performance on the DIV2K dataset at a resolution of 1920×1024, achieving a PSNR and an SSIM of 35.59 dB and 0.93, respectively. The optical experiments reveal that our results have excellent image details and no observable background speckle noise. This work paves the path of high-quality hologram generation.
Mode-multiplexed photonic integrated vector dot-product core from inverse design
Authors: Zhu Zheyuan , Sarma Raktim , Smith-Dryden Seth , Li Guifang , Pang Shuo S.
Published: July 2024

Photonic computing has the potential to harness the full degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the light field, including the wavelength, spatial mode, spatial location, phase quadrature, and polarization, to achieve a higher level of computing parallelism and scalability than digital electronic processors. While multiplexing using the wavelength and other DOFs can be readily integrated on silicon photonics platforms with compact footprints, conventional mode-division multiplexed (MDM) photonic designs occupy areas exceeding tens to hundreds of microns for a few spatial modes, significantly limiting their scalability. Here, we utilize inverse design to demonstrate an ultracompact photonic computing core that calculates vector dot products based on MDM coherent mixing. Our dot-product core integrates the functionalities of two-mode multiplexers and one multimode coherent mixer within a nominal footprint of 5  μm×3  μm. We have experimentally demonstrated computing examples on the fabricated dot-product core, including complex number multiplication and motion estimation using optical flow. The compact dot-product core design enables large-scale on-chip integration in a parallel photonic computing primitive cluster for high-throughput scientific computing and computer vision tasks.
Precision determination of dipole transition elements with a single ion
Authors: Shao H. , Tang Y.-B. , Yue H.-L. , Wu F.-F. , Ma Z.-X. , Huang Y. , Tang L.-Y. , Guan H. , Gao K.-L.
Published: July 2024

In the field of quantum metrology, transition matrix elements are crucial for accurately evaluating the black-body radiation shift of the clock transition and the amplitude of the related parity-violating transition, and can be used as probes to test quantum electrodynamic effects, especially at the 10−3–10−4 level. We developed a universal experimental approach to precisely determine the dipole transition matrix elements by using the shelving technique, for the species where two transition channels are involved, in which the excitation pulses with increasing duration were utilized to induce shelving, and the resulting shelving probabilities were determined by counting the scattered photons from the excited P1/22 state to the S1/22 ground state. Using the scattered photons offers several advantages, including insensitivity to fluctuations in magnetic field, laser intensity, and frequency detuning. An intensity-alternating sequence to minimize detection noise and a real-time approach for background photon correction were implemented in parallel. We applied this technique to a single Yb+ ion, and determined the 6p P1/22-5d D23/2 transition matrix element 2.9979(20) ea0, which indicates an order of magnitude improvement over existing reports. By combining our result with the 6p P1/22 lifetime of 8.12(2) ns, we extracted the 6s S1/22-6p P1/22 transition matrix element to be 2.4703(31) ea0. The accurately determined dipole transition matrix elements can serve as a benchmark for the development of high-precision atomic many-body theoretical methods.
Para-phenylenediamine Schiff base: highly fluorescent photostable solid-state organic dye
Authors: Barhum Hani , Attrash Mohammad , Brice Inga , Kim Vyacheslav V. , McDonnell Cormac , Amer Mariam , Matar Madhat , Alnis Janis , Salgals Toms , Yehia Ibrahim , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Ganeev Rashid A. , Ginzburg Pavel
Published: July 2024

Schiff bases derived from the condensation of primary amines with aldehydes, such as para-phenylenediamine with salicylaldehyde, exhibit unique optical and structural properties ideal for photonic applications. This study synthesizes such a Schiff base, revealing its properties through detailed HNMR1, FTIR, and XRD characterizations. The compound forms a robust π-conjugated structure, showing a fluorescence emission peak at 560 nm and significant absorbance at 380 nm. A spin-coated laser cavity displayed a critical lasing threshold at 1  MW·cm−2, which could be optimized down to 0.6  kW·cm−2. Moreover, the compounds’ acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration raised outstanding nonlinear optical properties, including a substantial two-photon absorption cross-section of 2×10−11  cm  ⋅  W−1·GM, enhancing its utility in high-resolution two-photon imaging and advanced photonic applications. Other nonlinear optical characteristics determined during these studies are the saturable absorption-induced nonlinear absorption coefficient (−2×10−11  cm  ⋅  W−1), saturation intensity (2.5×1011  W·cm−2), and Kerr-induced nonlinear refractive index (5×10−16  cm2  ⋅  W−1). The combined linear and nonlinear optical properties, supported by sustained emission and minimal photobleaching under intense re-excitation, establish the para-phenylenediamine Schiff base and derivatives as promising materials for high-brightness, photostable organic light emitters, and solid-state lasers.
Diversity and inclusion: A hidden additional benefit of Open Data
Authors: Charpignon Marie-Laure , Celi Leo Anthony , Cobanaj Marisa , Eber Rene , Fiske Amelia , Gallifant Jack , Li Chenyu , Lingamallu Gurucharan , Petushkov Anton , Pierce Robin
Published: July 2024

The recent imperative by the National Institutes of Health to share scientific data publicly underscores a significant shift in academic research. Effective as of January 2023, it emphasizes that transparency in data collection and dedicated efforts towards data sharing are prerequisites for translational research, from the lab to the bedside. Given the role of data access in mitigating potential bias in clinical models, we hypothesize that researchers who leverage open-access datasets rather than privately-owned ones are more diverse. In this brief report, we proposed to test this hypothesis in the transdisciplinary and expanding field of artificial intelligence (AI) for critical care. Specifically, we compared the diversity among authors of publications leveraging open datasets, such as the commonly used MIMIC and eICU databases, with that among authors of publications relying exclusively on private datasets, unavailable to other research investigators (e.g., electronic health records from ICU patients accessible only to Mayo Clinic analysts). To measure the extent of author diversity, we characterized gender balance as well as the presence of researchers from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and minority-serving institutions (MSI) located in the United States (US). Our comparative analysis revealed a greater contribution of authors from LMICs and MSIs among researchers leveraging open critical care datasets (treatment group) than among those relying exclusively on private data resources (control group). The participation of women was similar between the two groups, albeit slightly larger in the former. Notably, although over 70% of all articles included at least one author inferred to be a woman, less than 25% had a woman as a first or last author. Importantly, we found that the proportion of authors from LMICs was substantially higher in the treatment than in the control group (10.1% vs. 6.2%, p<0.001), including as first and last authors. Moreover, we found that the proportion of US-based authors affiliated with a MSI was 1.5 times higher among articles in the treatment than in the control group, suggesting that open data resources attract a larger pool of participants from minority groups (8.6% vs. 5.6%, p<0.001). Thus, our study highlights the valuable contribution of the Open Data strategy to underrepresented groups, while also quantifying persisting gender gaps in academic and clinical research at the intersection of computer science and healthcare. In doing so, we hope our work points to the importance of extending open data practices in deliberate and systematic ways.