bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an Understanding of Delusions of Misidentification: Four Case Studies
Authors: Breen Nora , Caine Diana , Coltheart Max , Hendy Julie , Roberts Corrine
Published: March 2003

Four detailed cases of delusions of misidentification (DM) are presented: two cases of misidentification of the reflected self, one of reverse intermetamorphosis, and one of reduplicative paramnesia. The cases are discussed in the context of three levels of interpretation: neurological, cognitive and phenomenological. The findings are compared to previous work with DM patients, particularly the work of Ellis and Young (1990; Young, 1998) who found that loss of the normal affective response to familiar faces was a contributing factor in the Capgras delusion. The four cases presented suggest that this particular deficit is not a critical factor in the development of other forms of DM.
Theoria versus Poesis: Neoplatonism and Trinitarian Difference in Aquinas, John Milbank, Jean‐Luc Marion and John Zizioulas
Authors: Hankey Wayne J.
Published: March 2003

The totality with which postmodern Christian theology asserts its right to proceed independently of philosophy is, in fact, philosophically situated and determined. Heidegger, primarily, defines theology's project by his narration of Western Fate in terms of onto‐theology. Two trinitarian differences are required of theologians who understand theology's situation thus: the first, associated with the procession of the Logos, requires getting beyond philosophy; the second, associated with the Spirit, requires getting beyond theology to poesis. Following Heidegger transforms theology into poesis and praxis. Beginning from a criticism of Aquinas implicit in a contrast made by Milbank between true trinitarian differential ontology and that possible from within Aristotelian categories like potency, act and actus purus , the paper considers what response might be made on behalf of medieval western philosophical theology and its development of trinitarian difference within theoria. The argument is that its union of Neoplatonic negative theology and metaphysics does not escape being onto‐theology but does provide genuine trinitarian difference.
Liturgy, Art and Politics
Authors: Pickstock Catherine
Published: March 2003

This article examines the category of “liturgy” in its relation to aesthetics, ethics and politics. It is argued that liturgy occupies a unique mediating position between art and politics, for, on the one hand, it ensures that the political points perpetually beyond itself, and, on the other hand, the artistic is prevented from lapsing into a “magic circle” of compensatory reality or merely “fine” art. Alternative aesthetic formulations, for example, that of Adorno, are examined and shown to be problematic and ultimately nihilistic and unrealizable. By contrast, a liturgical aesthetic is shown to have a genuine ethical practicability. Modernity is then examined. It is argued that late capitalist structures—including (contra Paul Piccone) is apparently opposed structures, such a post‐Fordist organicism—can be seen as a kind of anti‐liturgy liturgy, or, one might say here, “ritual” (for all the latter term's more dubious post‐nineteenth century assumptions can here be assumed), which has produced an entirely self‐perpetuating minimal automated subjectivity. Finally, it is concluded that the manifold problems faced by non‐liturgical aesthetics and politics can be reduced to this separation of the ideal from the real. This separation is further examined. The lineaments of a specific liturgical tradition—in this case, the Christian—and especially its eucharistic focus—are analyzed, and it is suggested that here one might find suggestions as to a fusion of the ideal and the real, and hence indications of how one might begin to outwit several of the problems in aesthetic and political theory already shown to involve difficulties.
Growth diversity amongst innovative and technology–based new and small firms: an interpretation
Authors: Tether B. S.
Published: March 2003

Innovative and technology‐based new and small firms have been the focus of rapid growth expectations, but the empirical evidence shows modest growth is the norm amongst such firms. This article provides an interpretation of the development of these firms which is intended to highlight some of the diversity which exists within this population of firms.
Technology domains and manpower choice in the restaurant sector
Authors: Hjalager Anne‐Mette
Published: March 2003

Five principal technology domains are identified: 1: Technlogies that change the concept of time. 2: Technologies that change the flow of materials. 3: Technologies that change the geographical mobility. 4: Technologies that enhance planning, and 5: Technologies that shift processes to and from suppliers. All occupational groups in the restaurant sector are likely to be affected. Most technologies are found to enhance the deskilling of the staff, leaving empowerment opportunities for management levels only.
Quality of working life in the automobile industry: A Canada‐UK comparative study
Authors: Lewchuk Wayne , Stewart Paul , Yates Charlotte
Published: March 2003

The paper examines the impact of lean production on indicators of the quality of life at work in the automotive industry and finds that it varies across companies and to a lesser extent between countries. The paper explains this by arguing that lean production seeks to impose new employment standards. This is a contested process where management's capacity to shift to new standards and labour's ability to protect its interests vary across workplaces.
Taylorism, targets and the pursuit of quantity and quality by call centre management
Authors: Bain Peter , Watson Aileen , Mulvey Gareth , Taylor Phil , Gall Gregor
Published: March 2003

The paper locates the rise of the call centre within the context of the development of Taylorist methods and technological change in office work in general. Managerial utilisation of targets to impose and measure employees’ quantitative and qualitative performance is analysed in four case–study organisations. The paper concludes that call centre work reflects a pardigmic re–configuration of customer servicing operations, and that the continuing application of Taylorist methods appears likely.
Estimating Oil Product Demand in Indonesia using a Cointegrating Error Correction Model
Authors: Dahl Carol ,   Kurtubi
Published: March 2003

Indonesia's long oil production history and large population mean that Indonesian oil reserves, per capita, are the lowest in OPEC and that, eventually, Indonesia will become a net oil importer. Policy‐makers want to forestall this day, since oil revenue comprised around a quarter of both the government budget and foreign exchange revenues for the fiscal years 1997/98. To help policy‐makers determine how economic growth and oil‐pricing policy affect the consumption of oil products, we estimate the demand for six oil products and total petroleum consumption, using an error correction‐cointegration approach, and compare it with estimates on a lagged endogenous model using data for 1970–95.
Has the accuracy of energy projections in OECD countries improved since the 1970s?
Authors: Bentzen Jan , Linderoth Hans
Published: March 2003

Since the 1970s, almost all OECD countries have published projections or forecasts of future energy consumption. By now, three decades later, the actual values of energy consumption are available for the same number of countries and thus a considerable amount of empirical data is available concerning formal hypothesis testing — e.g. whether there have been improvements in forecasting accuracy during this period. Using data for 16 OECD countries, the empirical evidence weakly favours the hypothesis that these countries have made some advances in forecasting accuracy, with regard to projections of energy consumption at the aggregate level and, to a lesser degree, at sectoral levels. Also, in accordance with a priori expectations, the forecasting failure increases with the length of the forecasting horizon.
The Estimation of Risk‐premium Implicit in Oil Prices
Authors: Luís Jorge Barros
Published: March 2003

The futures price can be seen as the sum of the expected value of the underlying asset price and a risk‐premium. In order to disentangle these two components of the futures price, one can try to model the relationship between spot and futures prices, in order to obtain a closed expression for the risk‐premium, or to use information from spot and option prices to estimate risk‐aversion functions. Given the high volatility of the ratios between futures and spot prices, we opted for the latter, estimating risk‐neutral and subjective probability density functions, respectively, from observed option and spot prices.

Looking at the prices of Brent and West Texas Intermediate light/sweet crude oil options, the obtained evidence suggests that risk‐aversion is typically very low for levels near the futures prices. However, due to price volatility and, consequently, to the tails of distribution, the risk‐aversion functions are badly behaved in extreme prices and futures prices do not anticipate sharp movements in oil spot prices. Therefore, futures oil prices seem to be useful in forecasting spot prices only when moderate price changes occur.
Inflow Composition, Duration Dependence and their Impact on the Unemployment Outflow Rate*
Authors: Turon Hélène
Published: March 2003

This paper presents estimates of the components of the dynamics of the unemployment outflow rate with British data. We allow both the composition of the inflow and individual duration dependence to vary over the business cycle. We find the inflow composition to be strongly countercyclical. Individual exit rates are found to be substatntially more sensitive to the business cycle than previously thought and than the average exit rate fluctuations suggest. Cyclical variations in duration dependence are not significant.

With our estimates, fluctuations in the average exit rate out of the first year of unemployment are mainly accounted for by variations of individual exit rates, variation of inflow composition, and variation in the inflow level combined with the duration dependence phenomenon.
The Identifiability of Independent Competing Risks Models with Multiple Spells
Authors: Omori Yoshiaki
Published: March 2003

Models of independent competing risks with multiple spells are becoming popular in the analysis of economic duration data. This paper considers their identifiability.
The Relationship between Event History and Discrete Time Duration Models: An Application to the Analysis of Personnel Absenteeism
Authors: Barmby Tim
Published: March 2003

This note discussed the parameterisation of a conventional event history model which allows the researcher to directly recover the parameters that would be obtained from a direct estimation of the discrete duration model. This method is esentially that described in Yamaguchi (1991), but deserves to be more widely known.
Unit Root Testing Using Covariates: Some Theory and Evidence
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Pittis Nikitas
Published: March 2003

This paper analyzes the conditions under which power gains can be achieved using the Covariate Augmented Dickey‐Fuller test (CADF) rather than the conventional Augmented Dickey‐Fuller (ADF), and argues that this method has the advantage, relative to univariate unit root tests, of increasing power without suffering from the large size distortions affecting the latter. The inclusion of covariates affects unit root testing by: (a) reducing the standard error of the estimate of the autoregressive parameter without affecting the estimate itself, and/or (b) reducing both the standard error and the absolute value of the estimate itself. Conditions in terms of contemporaneous correlation and Granger causality are derived for case (a) or (b) to arise. As an illustration, it is shown that applying the more powerful CADF (rather than the ADF) test reverses the finding of a unit root for many US macroeconomic series.
Government Employment and Wages and Labour Market Performance
Authors: Demekas Dimitri G. , Kontolemis Zenon G.
Published: March 2003

Government wage, benefit, and employment decisions are not taken on a profit‐maximizing basis, and have a substantial impact on aggregate labour market performance and unemployment. In a two‐sector labour market model with free mobility of labour, an increase in government wages or benefits reduces private sector employment, and government employment is not an effective counter‐cyclical instrument. Empirical tests for Greece confirm that the expansion of the public sector in the 1980s contributed to the deterioration of labour market performance.
The Exploitation of Carnivores and Other Fur‐bearing Mammals during the North‐western European Late and Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
Authors: Charles Ruth
Published: March 2003

The exploitation of large mammals, particularly large herbivores, has dominated perceptions of Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic subsistence behaviour in north‐western Europe. This paper critically reviews the evidence for the exploitation of a complementary resource which has received little attention within the archaeological literature — carnivores and other fur‐bearing mammals. Evidence for exploitation of individual species is described and discussed. A model is then developed to explain the apparent expansion of the subsistence base to include a wide range of fur‐bearing mammals during the Lateglacial and Mesolithic. This paper concludes by arguing that although the use of carnivore meat and pelts cannot be viewed as a dominant trend in European hunter‐gatherer subsistence practices, their contribution to hunter‐gatherer economies cannot be ignored.
Comparative Points and Relative Thoughts: The Relationship between the Ahrensburgian and Hensbacka Assemblages
Authors: Schmitt Lou
Published: March 2003

During recent years, it has become reasonably clear that a relationship does exist between the Continental Ahrensburgian, and the Hensbacka culture group found on the west coast of Sweden; indeed, this is a notion that was first mentioned as early as 1963. Although the nature of the relationship still remains rather diffuse, evidence is accumulating that tends to substantiate the proposition that the Hensbacka assemblage is a seasonal, and therefore regional, representation of the Continental Ahrensburgian culture group. In this paper, we will take a brief look at some of the typological similarities that exist between armatures found in the Ahrensburgian and Hensbacka assemblage and, at the same time, take into account the relativity of cultural norms.
The Numerical Basis of Roman Camps
Authors: Richardson Alan
Published: March 2003

Roman camps are based on rectangles with sides in whole number ratios and their areas are proportional to the size of the force encamped. The data given by Polybius and Hyginus suggests the area was surveyed in actus and indicates that it was calculated by simply adding up the space required by each unit from a standard allocation and then increasing that sum by a certain factor to allow for roads and other quarters. This gave the area within the intervallum, which was then added to define the inner face of the rampart. The paradigm can be simplified to the rule that two actus quadrati were allowed per cohort, with a turma counting as 1/8th cohort. The intervallum width was 1/8th the sq. root of the area it enclosed. Permanent forts also seem to have been laid out with the actus of the unit of measurement. The paradigm enabled use of a computer spreadsheet to investigate the possible composition of the forces associated with particular camps. This suggested that in the Mons Graupius campaign Agricola had two legions and built the 63‐acre camps in NE Scotland.
The Order of Battle in the Roman Army: Evidence from Marching Camps
Authors: Richardson Alan
Published: March 2003

The Iron Age in the North‐West of Iberia is characterized by settlement patterns in which small hilltop enclosures or castros were dominant. Recent field‐survey work has revealed more about the distribution of rural settlement sites in part of this area, and an analysis has been made of the pattern of rural site distributions in relation to the castros. This confirms the continued focal role of castros into the Roman period. An explanation for the settlement pattern in this region and the absence of typically Roman features like developed villas is sought in the nature and extent of Roman military recruitment from the region.
The Earliest Evidence for Metal Bridle Parts
Authors: Littauer M.A. , Crouwel J.H.
Published: March 2003

Recent discoveries in different parts of the Near East have led the authors to reconsider the early history of metal driving bits. These now seem to go back into the third millennium BC, which is much earlier that the evidence previously indicated. The paper also includes a brief discussion of the links – if these existed at all – with early bridle bits made of organic materials from the southern Urals–Volga area.
A Monkey Figurine from Tel Beth Shemesh
Authors: Kletter Raz
Published: March 2003

This paper presents a unique clay figurine found at Tel Beth Shemesh, Judah, in a late Iron Age II context. The figurine portrays a monkey‐faced horse, a combination that is rare in the ancient Near East and unknown, so far, from Judah. Comparisons are sought, followed by a discussion of the Monkey in small representations in the ancient Near East and Mesopotamia. Monkeys were exotic, held as pet animals by the higher classes and related to sex, music, ugliness, lack of intelligence, and various other human characteristics. It is suggested that the significance of this figurine lies in such ‘secular’ connotations, rather than in a religious realm
Sima Qian and Adam Smith
Authors: McCormic Ken
Published: March 2003

In the (Pacific Economic Review 1, 137–45), Leslie Young argued that Sima Qian anticipated Adam Smith's famous concept of the “invisible hand.” While this point is beyond dispute, Young makes the additional claim that Smith’s conception of the natural order was probably “imported from China.” This paper demonstrates that Smith's vision of the natural order was not imported from China.
Comparing Capital‐ and Trade‐weighted Measures of Australia’s Effective Exchange Rate
Authors: Makin Tony , Robson Alex
Published: March 2003

Effective exchange‐rate overvaluation is considered a leading indicator of currency crises. Yet, existing measures of nominal and real effective exchange rates focus on international trade in goods and neglect the importance of international trade in assets. This article develops a range of alternative effective exchange‐rate indices for the Australian dollar, based mostly on international investment stocks and flows. Capital‐weighted exchange‐rate measures of the Australian dollar, in nominal and real terms, reveal a stronger exchange rate over recent decades than suggested by the standard measure. Similar measures for other currencies could improve understanding of exchange‐rate behaviour.
Overeducation and Undereducation and their Effect on Earnings: Evidence from Hong Kong, 1986–1996
Authors: Ng Ying Chu
Published: March 2003

The expansion of the higher education sector and the structural changes in the Hong Kong economy in the late 1980s raise the issue of the incidence of overeducation in the Hong Kong labor market. Using the 1991 Hong Kong Census, and the 1986 and 1996 Hong Kong By‐census data, the present study finds that the incidence of overeducation in Hong Kong is only a temporary phenomenon. The rate of return to education increased, while the premium to overeducation decreased, between 1986 and 1996. It also finds that there is a tradeoff relation between education and experience.
Kant’s Ethics and Duties to Oneself
Authors: Denis Lara
Published: March 2003

Abstract: This paper investigates the nature and foundation of duties to oneself in Kant’s moral theory. Duties to oneself embody the requirement of the formula of humanity that agents respect rational nature in them‐selves as well as in others. So understood, duties to oneself are not subject to the sorts of conceptual objections often raised against duties to oneself; nor do these duties support objections that Kant’s moral theory is overly demanding or produces agents who are preoccupied with their own virtue. Duties to oneself emerge as an essential and compelling part of Kant’s moral theory.
Illocutionary Silencing
Authors: Bird Alexander
Published: March 2003

Rae Langton and Jennifer Hornsby have argued that pornography might create a climate whereby a woman’s ability to refuse sex is literally silenced or removed. Their central argument is that a failure of ‘uptake’ of the woman’s intention means that the illocutionary speech act of refusal has not taken place. In this paper, I challenge the claims from the Austinian philosophy of language which feature in this argument. I argue that uptake is not in general required for illocution, nor is it required for refusal in particular. I conclude with remarks on the relationship between illocutionary and perlocutionary speech‐acts.
A Study of Bullying of Teachers by Pupils in an Inner London School
Authors: Pervin Kauser , Turner Anthony
Published: March 2003

This paper addresses the issue of bullying of teachers by pupils, which is referred to as teacher targeted bullying (TTB). The aim of this study was to document the nature, duration and level of TTB in an inner London school. The writers believe the results indicate the need for public and professional recognition that TTB exists and that it is a complex problem which can affect teacher performance, morale, and student learning.
Using the DYSA Programme to Reduce Stress and Anxiety in First‐year University Students
Authors: Brown Marie , Ralph Sue
Published: March 2003

With recent increases in the number of students attending universities without a proportional increase in resources, it is likely that there has been a decrease in the quality of life students experience and an increase in the stress they feel. This is of course added to by tuition fees and the need to take out student loans. The writers review research into student stress and highlight the fact that many researchers have noted the need for stress‐reduction courses, though this has been a recommendation that has not generally been taken up. A specific stress‐reduction programme for school pupils and university students is described. This programme was tested with first‐year undergraduates. The students involved all felt that the programme had been valuable. Apart from its clear relevance to the support of university students, this paper raises issues which are of importance to those working with sixth‐form students.
Peer–led Approaches to Care
Authors: Sharp Sonia
Published: March 2003

In this paper the reasons for and research on the importance of peer–led approaches to care are explored. Examples of peer–led approaches are explored and these include peer–led pastoral care systems and initiatives such as befriending, circle of friends and peer mediation. Finally the development of resilient schools is discussed and the necessary context of peer–led approaches examined.
Reviews and Update
Authors: Marland Michael
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed:

Red Rose Chain/Alpha Films, Four Carrier Bags and a Buggy

Alison Closs, The Education of Children with Medical Conditions

Ralph L. Klicker, A Student Dies, A School Mourns
An Outline of a New Model of Personal Education
Authors: Popovic Nash
Published: March 2003

In this paper the writer argues that there is a need for greater attention to the personal side of education, so that young people can develop a greater understanding of themselves. It is suggested that the main approaches to PSHE are currently not systematic or inclusive enough and that a comprehensive and systematic approach is necessary. Current National Curriculum provision is seen as short term and unlikely to appeal to young people. An alternative model is presented which aims not to solve potential or existing problems for students, but to empower them to deal with the challenges of life on their own. Popovic argues for a focus on self–control and self–power. This model is complex and it offers significant ideas in relation to the creation of effective PSHE, in particular the suggestion of a set of fundamental principles which should provide a framework for its development.
Support for Students’ Learning: What the Form Tutor Can Do
Authors: Carnell Eileen , Lodge Caroline
Published: March 2003

This article is written for new and experienced tutors to review the ways in which they are supporting their students’ learning. It considers the purposes of tutoring, drawing on the voices of students themselves. The article then considers the ways in which the tutor can support the learning of young people, including academic tutoring. It concludes with some guidance for the tutor to develop their own learning about tutoring.
The Ontology of Material Objects
Authors: Olson Eric T.
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed in this article

T. Merricks, Objects and Persons
Culture, Autonomy and Djulibinyamurr: Individual and Community in the Construction of Rights to Traditional Designs
Authors: Weatherall Kimberlee
Published: March 2003

The possibility of granting proprietary rights in indigenous intangible cultural property – including artwork, cultural items and, more recently, traditional knowledge – has been and continues to be an area of considerable controversy, and the subject of discussions in various international organisations. It is widely accepted that present intellectual property regimes are structurally inadequate. The author focuses on the particular problem of traditional designs, and seeks to analyse critically the justifications that are advanced for extending existing regimes or introducing a sui generis right: in particular, the protection of ‘cultural integrity». The aim is to elucidate some of the theoretical problems with this rationale, and to extrapolate, from arguments regarding the importance of culture and cultural integrity, to the form and scope of rights that such an argument might require. In particular, the author believes that such a rationale has implications in determining how conflicts between communal and individual interests are to be resolved.
United Kingdom Military Law: Autonomy, Civilianisation, Juridification
Authors: Rubin G. R.
Published: March 2003

This paper argues that military law has undergone a long‐term process of change. Previously an autonomous legal system with little civilian input at the administrative, judicial and policy‐making levels, military law became subject to a consensual policy of civilianisation from the early 1960s, reflected primarily in the adoption of civilian criminal law norms by the military justice system. More recently there has emerged the juridification of significant areas of military relations in respect to discipline and certain other terms of service which hitherto have not been subject to externally imposed legal regulation. Explanations for the shifts from autonomy, through civilianisation, and then to juridification, ranging from political and social developments to new human rights and equal opportunities discourses, are offered for such changes.
Prolegomena to a Catholic Theology of God between Heidegger and Postmodernity
Authors: Godzieba Anthony J.
Published: March 2003

New opportunities for discourse about God have arisen, along with new challenges to the mainstream Catholic theology of God. In order to take advantage of these opportunities, a truly contemporary Catholic theology of God must critically appropriate three ‘events’ which have affected its approach to the subject matter: (1) Heidegger's periodizing critique of ontotheology; (2) the ‘contemporary’ viewed as the arena of contention between modern and postmodern claims; (3) the presence of the Kingdom of God and the revelation of the nature of God in the person and work of Jesus Christ, which alter our understandings of time and being. The present essay sketches a program for an authentically Catholic response to the issues raised by these occurrences, emphasizing the Catholic commitment to incarnation and sacramentality and the necessary effort to retrieve redemptive images of God from modernity, despite the present tendency of some postmodern theologians and philosophers to dismiss aspects of the past as unusable.
Between Predication And Silence: Augustine On How (Not) To Speak Of God
Authors: Smith James K. A.
Published: March 2003

Throughout his corpus (both theological and pastoral), Augustine grapples with the challenge of how (not) to speak of that which exceeds and resists conceptualization. The one who would speak of God is confronted, it seems, by a double‐bind: either one reduces God's transcendence to the immanence of language and concepts, or one remains silent. Even to call God ‘inexpressible’, he remarks in De doctrina christiana, is to predicate something of God and thus make some claim to comprehension. ‘This battle of words’, he continues, ‘should be avoided by keeping silent’ (DC 1.6.6). Augustine thus seems to privilege and apophatic strategy. But this is not his last word on the matter. Indeed upon the heels of this passage he carefully notes: ‘And yet, while nothing really worthy of God can be said about him, he has accepted the homage of human voices, and has wished us to rejoice in praising [laude] him with our words.’ My goal in this essay is to consider Augustine's laudatory strategy of ‘praise’ as a non‐objectifying discourse concerning transcendence which navigates the straits between kataphatic theological positivism and apophatic silence. This will be taken up against the horizon of contemporary discussions of transcendence and phenomenology, particularly in the work of Jacques Derrida and Jean‐Luc Marion.
The Will of Richard of Elmham (d. 1228)
Authors: Vincent Nicholas
Published: March 2003

The will of Richard of Elmham, canon of St. Martin‐le‐Grand London and a clerk active on the fringes of the royal court, throws light on Richard's family circle, his comparative degree of wealth and his relations with such leading courtiers as the justiciars, Geoffrey fitz Peter and Peter des Roches. It is possible that Richard was one of the chancery scribes of King Henry III. Certainly, he enjoyed close relations with the king's chancellor Richard Marsh and with the family of chancellor Ralph de Neville.
New Light on the Cadiz Expedition of 1596
Authors: Hammer Paul E. J.
Published: March 2003

Using an account which had previously been unrecognized among the Yelverton MSS, in the British Library, this article adds new detail to our understanding of the Cadiz expedition of 1596. Written from aboard the earl of Essex's flagship, Due Repulse, the new account of the voyage provides a counterpoint to the well‐known narrative written by Dr. Marbeck from aboard the lord admiral's ship, Ark Royal. This article also describes an apparent reconnaissance map of Cadiz and considers some of the intelligence‐gathering which paved the way for Anglo‐Dutch forces to attack the city.
The Last Refuge of a Scoundrel: Sir Richard Greville and Cornish Particularism, 1644–6*
Authors: Stoyle M. J.
Published: March 2003

This article re‐examines the wartime career of the Cornish royalist leader Sir Richard Grenville (1600–59). Drawing on a wide range of contemporary documents and pamphlets, it not only provides new evidence of the brutality which Sir Richard exhibited towards prisoners, but also reveals how he attempted to make use of Cornish particularist sentiment in order to recruit his forces and bolster his own position within the royalist hierarchy. The article emphasizes the extent to which the Civil War in the South‐West possessed an ethnic dimension, and concludes that Cornwall merits greater consideration within the new ‘British’ historiography.
William Penn and Jacobitism: a Smoking Gun?
Authors: Geiter Mary K.
Published: March 2003

This article seeks to resolve the controversy over whether or not William Penn, Quaker leader and founder of Pennsylvania, was actively involved in the attempted restoration of James II to the English throne. Until now Penn's implication could be explained away for lack of direct evidence. With the discovery of the deposition at the end of this article the link between Penn and other leading Jacobite conspirators can now be firmly established.
‘A woman's life in other ages’, by Arnold J. Toynbee, with an editorial introduction*
Authors: Corfield Penelope J. , Ferrari Paolo
Published: March 2003

The historian Arnold Toynbee's characteristic breadth is shown in his 1969 essay on women in history – here published in English for the first time. Setting himself the question: when was the best time for women to live? Toynbee did not plump for modern times. Legal right was not the only criterion. After reviewing many cultures, Toynbee concluded that the ‘black day for women’ occurred long ago, when agricultural technology shifted from the female-wielded hoe to the male-directed plough. The editorial introduction puts Toynbee's essay in the context of his own work and the continuing debates about women in history.
Civilizing the English? The English histories of William of Malmesbury and David Hume*
Authors: Gillingham John
Published: March 2003

This article has two inter-related arguments: first, that in terms of its themes and approaches William of Malmesbury's Deeds of the Kings of the English bears comparison with David Hume's History of England; second, that in twelfth-century England the notion of a civilizing process, including the idea of socio-economic stages of development, was at least as prevalent as in ‘early modern’ England
Winston Churchill's image of France and the French
Authors: Bédarida François
Published: March 2003

Although fascinated by France all his life, Churchill was more familiar with the country than with its inhabitants (he mainly knew members of the upper and governing classes). His apprenticeship began early as he learned the language which he liked to speak so much. Both the warrior and the statesman in Churchill admired the military past and the grandeur of Britain's neighbour, but his strategy towards France always combined realpolitik with genuine friendship. This article concentrates on three periods in Churchill's relationship with France: 1911–32, 1933–45 and 1945–55. It concludes that Churchill's ‘finest hour’ won him the lasting admiration of the French people.
The English political model in eighteenth-century France*
Authors: Dziembowski Edmond
Published: March 2003

This article, based on French archives and political pamphlets, challenges the traditional assumption that political anglophilia in France was limited to intellectual or opposition circles. During the Seven Years’ War, French official propaganda changed its strategy. Ministerial writers gave information on British politics by publishing translations of English pamphlets or newspapers. An official model even appeared at the end of the war, praising British patriotism. However, during the last decades of the ancien re??gime, radicalism tarnished England's reputation, foreshadowing the failure in 1789 of a political solution inspired by the English.
Gladstone, gossip and the post-war generation
Authors: Gardiner John P.
Published: March 2003

This article is a case-study of the reputation of W. E. Gladstone at a time when it is often suggested that eminent Victorians were subject to widespread denigration. Drawing upon archival material relating to the way in which Gladstone's family sought to protect and promote his memory in the post-war period, it argues that in tandem with an enduring public respect for his reputation, gossipmongering failed to diminish his stature. This has important implications for the ways in which post-war society related to the lives of eminent Victorians and to the past more generally.
‘A Goddamned Electable Person’: The 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan
Authors: De Groot Gerard J.
Published: March 2003

This article demonstrates how Ronald Reagan's 1966 campaign for governor broke the mould of California politics in a way which continues to have resonance for present‐day American politics. The team behind Reagan used sophisticated and very modern campaign techniques which concentrated upon establishing the best possible image for Reagan. Behavioural scientists were hired to study public opinion and to coach Reagan on the issues which would inspire the most positive reaction from the public. In other words, in 1966 Reagan fought a campaign which would be entirely familiar to campaign managers today, especially in the extent to which he spoke in cleverly constructed soundbites. The article also studies the largely negative media reaction to this strange and new campaign and concludes that few reporters remotely understood the Reagan phenomenon. It relies heavily upon oral testimony from behind‐the‐scenes players in the Reagan campaign and press reports from newspapers of varying political persuasions. The article is revisionist in the sense that it presents Reagan as, in modern terms, a highly skilled politician and campaigner who was perfectly suited to a media‐driven campaign.
The Courage of Galileo: Joseph Needham and the ‘Germ Warfare’ Allegations in the Korean War
Authors: Buchanan Tom
Published: March 2003

In 1952, during the Korean War, it was claimed that United States forces were using bacteriological warfare against China and North Korea. The allegation was dismissed by western governments, but a six‐strong international scientific commission (ISC) visited China and concluded that bacteriological warfare had taken place. On their return, the scientists, of whom the best known was the British biochemist Joseph Needham, were depicted as dupes or fellow‐travellers. Interest in this subject was revived in 1998 with revelations from Moscow archives which seemed to prove that the commission was hoaxed, although a monograph published in the same year was more sympathetic to the ISC's conclusions. To date, however, Needham's own papers have not been consulted, and full use has not been made of the foreign office papers. On the basis of these archival sources, this article shows how Needham was drawn reluctantly into the limited and flawed work of the ISC. It also shows how the British government, concerned at the possible impact of the ISC report, sought to mobilize politicians, journalists and academics to refute it. The article concludes that Needham's personal courage is not in doubt, but that his role in the ISC — and the defence of its conclusions — exacted a high personal cost.
Making the Modern World Economy
Authors: O’Brien Patrick
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed in this article:

Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: Europe, China and the Making of the Modern World Economy
Some Observations on Rehabilitation and Justice
Authors: Raynor Peter
Published: March 2003

Current ‘just deserts’ models in criminal justice draw part of their support from a loss of faith in consequentialist aims of sentencing such as rehabilitation. Recent evidence concerning the effectiveness of rehabilitative efforts suggests a need to reconsider this aspect of ‘just deserts’ arguments. A more socially contextualised understanding of ‘justice’ is needed to make sense of the place of rehabilitative aims, but this also requires a more explicit linkage than currently exists between the goals of criminal justice and those of wider social policy.
A Man's World: Gender Issues in Working with Male Sex Offenders in Prison
Authors: Cowburn Malcolm
Published: March 2003

The aims of this paper are to describe how prison culture affects male and female workers differently, and to consider the implications of this for work with male sex offenders in prison. This paper sets the context of work within prisons both by describing the gender make up of the staff group of the Prison Service of England and Wales and by considering the presence and influence of dominant masculinities within Prison Service establishments. It reports some findings of research which the author has undertaken, and considers the implications for work with sex offenders in prison.
Cognitive‐Behavioural Work with Offenders in the UK: A History of Influential Endeavour
Authors: Vanstone Maurice
Published: March 2003

Programmes premised on the cognitive‐behavioural theoretical model have become an important feature of work with people who offend, and the model itself has become a cornerstone of the ‘what works’ enterprise in the United Kingdom. This has not occurred without critical attention from commentators in both the academic and practice worlds. This article attempts to draw together the strands of that debate, and provide a critical account of the recent history of the model's development and application within the criminal justice system that accords more significance to pioneering work in the United Kingdom than has been hitherto recognised. It is argued that one of the features of the response of the probation service to the pessimistic conclusions of research into the impact of community supervision in the 1970s was a divergence of policy and practice, the former redirecting the efforts of the service towards diversion from custody and the latter retaining its commitment to rehabilitation. While acknowledging the limitations of the cognitive‐behavioural model, it is argued that by contributing positively to evidence‐based, rehabilitative effort it has given impetus to a reunification of the focus of policy and practice.
Millbank, The Panopticon and Their Victorian Audiences
Authors: Wilson David
Published: March 2003

This article is concerned with the origins and development of the first state penitentiary at Millbank, and with the reaction of the public to events at the prison. Using a variety of sources – including the work of Charles Dickens, it particularly seeks to understand how the prisoners responded to their incarceration by the State, and applies contemporary penological theory to historical episodes at the jail.
Innovation in Australian Trade Unions
Authors: Jarley Paul , Harley Bill , Hall Richard
Published: March 2003

Building on the study of innovation in American national unions, this article specifies and tests a model of the determinants of innovation in Australian trade unions. The results generally support the principal Delaney, Jarley, and Fiorito (1996) finding that the degree of union innovative activity is positively associated with rationalization and size—an indicator of resource availability. Several contrasts between the Australian and American findings are also noted and discussed.
Credibility of Protection and Incentives to Innovate
Authors: Miyagiwa Kaz , Ohno Yuka
Published: March 2003

In recent trade policy debates it is often argued that temporary protection stimulates innovation. This paper shows that the validity of the argument depends on the perceived credibility of protection policy. If it is suspected that temporary protection will be removed early should innovation occur before its terminal date, the protected firm invests less in R&D than it does under free trade. If it is expected that protection will be extended should no innovation have occurred by its terminal date, investment falls below the free‐trade level, and eventually to zero, as the terminal date is approached.
Strategic Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange‐Rate Uncertainty
Authors: Sung Hongmo , Lapan Harvey E.
Published: March 2003

We investigate how exchange‐rate uncertainty affects the foreign direct investment decision of a risk‐neutral multinational firm (MNF). We assume the firm can open plants, each with decreasing average costs, in two different countries. Under certainty, the MNF would open only one plant. We demonstrate that with sufficient exchange‐rate volatility, the firm can increase expected profits by opening several plants. We also show that if the MNF faces a competitor in the foreign market, the exchange risk, by inducing the MNF to open plants in both markets, may prevent entry by the local competitor.
Testing the Option Value Theory of Irreversible Investment
Authors: Harchaoui Tarek M. , Lasserre Pierre
Published: March 2003

This article statistically tests the option theory of irreversible investment. Using contingent claims valuation, we derive the value of options to invest in capacity, where the projects are endogenous to the economic circumstances prevailing at the investment date. We then test whether decisions made by Canadian copper mines are compatible with the trigger price implied by the theory. Our model explains investment size and timing satisfactorily from a statistical and an economic point of view; simulations with a mean‐reverting process suggest that the results do not depend crucially on the assumption that price follows a geometric Brownian motion.
Direct Versus Indirect Taxation: The Design of the Tax Structure Revisited
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Pestieau Pierre , Rochet Jean‐Charles
Published: March 2003

This article studies the optimal direct/indirect tax mix problem when individuals differ in several unobservable characteristics (productivity and endowments). It presents general expressions for the optimal commodity tax rates and proves that contrary to Atkinson and Stiglitz's (1976) result, differential commodity taxation remains a useful instrument of tax policy even if preferences are separable between labor and produced goods. When cross substitution effects are zero, the expressions resemble traditional many households Ramsey rules. In a Cobb–Douglas illustration, where endowments differ only in good 1 (interpreted as “wealth”), the tax on good 2 provides an indirect way to tax the unobservable wealth.
The Optimal Timing of Procurement Decisions and Patent Allocations*
Authors: Perry Motty , Vincent Daniel R.
Published: March 2003

In a patent race, social incentives and private incentives may sometimes coincide and at other times diverge – too many researchers remain in the race. If the social planner cannot determine what stage the researchers have achieved, this informational constraint can result in a socially suboptimal outcome. We construct a mechanism in which a planner exploits the researchers' private information to determine when and to whom to allocate rights to pursue the final prize. This mechanism does not require any payments and, therefore, will not distort earlier investment incentives. It is solvable by the iterative elimination of dominated strategies.
Discrimination and Skill Differences in an Equilibrium Search Model*
Authors: Bowlus Audra J . , Eckstein Zvi
Published: March 2003

We analyze an equilibrium search model with three sources for wage and unemployment differentials among workers with the same (observed) human capital but different appearance (race): unobserved productivity, search intensities, and discrimination due to an appearance‐based employer disutility factor. We show that the structural parameters are identified using labor market survey data. Estimation results for a black and white high school graduate sample imply: black productivity is 3.3% lower than white productivity; the employer's disutility factor is 31% of the white's productivity level; and 56% of firms have a disutility factor toward blacks.
Heterogeneous Matching with Transferable Utility: Two Labor Market Applications*
Authors: Delacroix Alain
Published: March 2003

A labor market model under search frictions is developed, where participants are heterogeneous in productivity and the decision of which type of agents to match with is endogenized. Two applications are studied. It is observed that countries with high (low) unemployment tend to exhibit low (high) wage dispersion. And there is evidence showing that individual and firm characteristics have more explanatory power for the French than for the American wage data. Matching patterns can account for these two observations. In the absence of a minimum wage, I thus provide a theory of endogenous wage compression.