bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environments of a sample of AzTEC submillimetre galaxies in the COSMOS field
Authors: Álvarez Crespo N. , Smolić V. , Finoguenov A. , Barrufet L. , Aravena M.
Published: January 2021

Aims. Submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are bright sources at submillimetre wavelengths (F850 μm > 2−5 mJy). Made up of mostly of high-z galaxies (z > 1), SMGs are amongst the most luminous dusty galaxies in the Universe. These galaxies are thought to be the progenitors of the massive elliptical galaxies in the local Universe and to reside in massive haloes at early epochs. Studying their environments and clustering strength is thus important to put these galaxies in a cosmological context.

Methods. We present an environmental study of a sample of 116 SMGs in 96 ALMA observation fields, which were initially discovered with the AzTEC camera on ASTE and identified with high-resolution 1.25 mm ALMA imaging within the COSMOS survey field, having either spectroscopic or unambiguous photometric redshift. We analysed their environments making use of the latest release of the COSMOS photometric catalogue, COSMOS2015, a catalogue that contains precise photometric redshifts for more than half a million objects over the 2 deg2 COSMOS field. We searched for dense galaxy environments computing the so-called overdensity parameter as a function of distance within a radius of 5′ from the SMG. We validated this approach spectroscopically for those SMGs for which spectroscopic redshift is available. As an additional test, we searched for extended X-ray emission as a proxy for the hot intracluster medium, performing an X-ray stacking analysis in the 0.5−2 keV band with a 32″ aperture and our SMG position using all available XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray observations of the COSMOS field.

Results. We find that 27% (31 out of 116) of the SMGs in our sample are located in a galactic dense environment; a fraction that is similar to previous studies. The spectroscopic redshift is known for 15 of these 31 sources, thus this photometric approach is tested using spectroscopy. We are able to confirm that 7 out of 15 SMGs lie in high-density peaks. However, the search for associated extended X-ray emission via an X-ray stacking analysis leads to a detection that is not statistically significant.
Thermosphere modeling capabilities assessment: geomagnetic storms
Authors: Bruinsma Sean , Boniface Claude , Sutton Eric K. , Fedrizzi Mariangel
Published: January 2021

The specification and prediction of density fluctuations in the thermosphere, especially during geomagnetic storms, is a key challenge for space weather observations and modeling. It is of great operational importance for tracking objects orbiting in near-Earth space. For low-Earth orbit, variations in neutral density represent the most important uncertainty for propagation and prediction of satellite orbits. An international conference in 2018 conducted under the auspices of the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) included a workshop on neutral density modeling, using both empirical and numerical methods, and resulted in the organization of an initial effort of model comparison and evaluation. Here, we present an updated metric for model assessment under geomagnetic storm conditions by dividing a storm in four phases with respect to the time of minimum Dst and then calculating the mean density ratios and standard deviations and correlations. Comparisons between three empirical (NRLMSISE-00, JB2008 and DTM2013) and two first-principles models (TIE-GCM and CTIPe) and neutral density data sets that include measurements by the CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE satellites for 13 storms are presented. The models all show reduced performance during storms, notably much increased standard deviations, but DTM2013, JB2008 and CTIPe did not on average reveal a significant bias in the four phases of our metric. DTM2013 and TIE-GCM driven with the Weimer model achieved the best results taking the entire storm event into account, while NRLMSISE-00 systematically and significantly underestimates the storm densities. Numerical models are still catching up to empirical methods on a statistical basis, but as their drivers become more accurate and they become available at higher resolutions, they will surpass them in the foreseeable future.
Characterization of descriptors in machine learning for data-based sputtering yield prediction
Authors: Kino Hiori , Ikuse Kazumasa , Dam Hieu-Chi , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: January 2021

Sputtering of a single-element material surface by monatomic ion impact is one of the simplest and most fundamental phenomena of plasma–surface interaction. Despite its seemingly simple and well-defined nature, its collision cascade dynamics is so complex that no widely applicable formula of the sputtering yield has ever been derived analytically from the first principles. When the first-principles approach to a complex problem fails to unveil its nature, a data-driven approach, or machine learning, may be used to transform the problem into a tractable model. In this study, regression models of sputtering yields of such systems were constructed based on publicly available data derived from a large number of past experiments. The analysis has also identified the descriptors (i.e., physical variables characterizing the surface and incident ion species) on which the sputtering phenomena depend most strongly and presented quantitative evaluation on how sensitively the regression models depend on each descriptor or group of descriptors. Information obtained in this study can facilitate an understanding of the fundamental workings of the sputtering phenomena in the absence of rigorous analytical theory.
First coupled GENE–XGC microturbulence simulations
Authors: Merlo G. , Janhunen S. , Jenko F. , Bhattacharjee A. , Chang C. S. , Cheng J. , Davis P. , Dominski J. , Germaschewski K. , Hager R. , Klasky S. , Parker S. , Suchyta E.
Published: January 2021

Covering the core and the edge region of a tokamak, respectively, the two gyrokinetic turbulence codes Gyrokinetic Electromagnetic Numerical Experiment (GENE) and X-point Gyrokinetic Code (XGC) have been successfully coupled by exchanging three-dimensional charge density data needed to solve the gyrokinetic Poisson equation over the entire spatial domain. Certain challenges for the coupling procedure arise from the fact that the two codes employ completely different numerical methods. This includes, in particular, the necessity to introduce mapping procedures for the transfer of data between the unstructured triangular mesh of XGC and the logically rectangular grid (in a combination of real and Fourier space) used by GENE. Constraints on the coupling scheme are also imposed by the use of different time integrators. First, coupled simulations are presented. We have considered collisionless ion temperature gradient turbulence, in both circular and fully shaped plasmas. Coupled simulations successfully reproduce both GENE and XGC reference results, confirming the validity of the code coupling approach toward a whole device model. Many lessons learned in the present context, in particular, the need for a coupling procedure as flexible as possible, should be valuable to our and other efforts to couple different kinds of codes in pursuit of a more comprehensive description of complex real-world systems and will drive our further developments of a whole device model for fusion plasmas.
Multiphysics modeling of the initiating capability of detonators. I. The underwater test
Authors: Ioannou Eleftherios , Nikiforakis Nikolaos
Published: January 2021

Detonators are explosive devices used for the initiation of secondary explosives in commercial and military applications. They are characterized by their initiating capability, which is a critical factor for their safe and effective use but challenging to assess accurately. In this two-part study, we employ numerical simulations to investigate the blast wave generated by detonators and examine their initiating capability. The first part, presented here, follows the European underwater test of initiating capability, which evaluates detonators in isolation (direct method) and the second part considers detonators placed within a receiving explosive charge (indirect method). In the underwater test, the detonator is ignited inside a water tank and the initiating capability is assessed through pressure measurements in the far field. We employ a multiphysics methodology that allows the use of distinct mathematical models for each component such as two-phase reactive materials, elastic–plastic solids, and inert fluids. The computational implementation is validated against underwater experiments and is employed for the simulation of the blast wave generated by different types of detonators. The initial focus is on the general characteristics of the blast wave and subsequently on the differences between detonators of different shell material and thickness. Results show that the blast wave in the near field is asymmetric and varies significantly between detonators, but these features do not persist in the far field. The underwater test considers only the far field and is thus unable to capture the near field differences, which have a significant impact on the initiation of secondary explosives.
Some recent developments in auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo for real materials
Authors: Shi Hao , Zhang Shiwei
Published: January 2021

The auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method is a general numerical method for correlated many-electron systems, which is being increasingly applied in lattice models, atoms, molecules, and solids. Here, we introduce the theory and algorithm of the method specialized for real materials and present several recent developments. We give a systematic exposition of the key steps of AFQMC, closely tracking the framework of a modern software library we are developing. The building of a Monte Carlo Hamiltonian, projecting to the ground state, sampling two-body operators, phaseless approximation, and measuring ground state properties are discussed in detail. An advanced implementation for multi-determinant trial wave functions is described, which dramatically speeds up the algorithm and reduces the memory cost. We propose a self-consistent constraint for real materials, and discuss two flavors for its realization, either by coupling the AFQMC calculation to an effective independent-electron calculation or via the natural orbitals of the computed one-body density matrix.
Drift waves enstrophy, zonal flow, and nonlinear evolution of the modulational instability
Authors: Krasheninnikov S. I. , Smolyakov A. I. , Zhang Yanzeng , Chapurin O.
Published: January 2021

The interaction of the drift wave (DW) turbulence and zonal flow (ZF) is investigated with the modified Hasegawa–Mima equation taking into account the backreaction of ZF velocity on DW turbulence. It is shown that the y-averaged enstrophy of DW turbulence and the velocity of ZF are intrinsically related. By utilizing this feature, a nonlinear stage of DW modulational instability is considered within the framework of the wave kinetic equation. It is shown that in this approximation, the nonlinear stage of the modulational instability results in the collapsing solutions, accompanied by the “wave breaking” phenomenon. Numerical simulations based on the Hasegawa–Mima equation show that for a weak DW turbulence, Φ̃=(eφ̃/Te) (Ln/ρs)⪝1, the collapsing-like features on both ZF and y-averaged enstrophy of DW turbulence decay in time and then re-emerge again at different locations. For the case of a strong DW turbulence, Φ̃>1, where nonlinear interactions of DW harmonics dominate, stable spatial structures of ZF and y-averaged enstrophy of DW turbulence emerge.
Laser-driven plasma sources of intense, ultrafast, and coherent radiation
Authors: Edwards Matthew R. , Fisch Nathaniel J. , Mikhailova Julia M.
Published: January 2021

High-power lasers can deliver extreme light intensities, but avoiding damage in optical components requires large beam sizes, hindering further advances. The use of plasma as a medium for generating and manipulating light avoids the damage thresholds of solid materials and can support extraordinarily bright radiation. We discuss here how parametric plasma amplification and relativistic high-order harmonic generation offer paths to the development of light sources with peak powers beyond the capabilities of solid-state optics.
Single vs double anti-crossing in the strong coupling between surface plasmons and molecular excitons
Authors: Tan Wai Jue , Thomas Philip A. , Luxmoore Isaac J. , Barnes William L.
Published: January 2021

Strong coupling between surface plasmons and molecular excitons may lead to the formation of new hybrid states—polaritons—that are part light and part matter in character. A key signature of this strong coupling is an anti-crossing of the exciton and surface plasmon modes on a dispersion diagram. In a recent report on strong coupling between the plasmon modes of a small silver nano-rod and a molecular dye, it was shown that when the oscillator strength of the exciton is large enough, an additional anti-crossing feature may arise in the spectral region where the real part of the permittivity of the excitonic material is zero. However, the physics behind this double anti-crossing feature is still unclear. Here, we make use of extensive transfer matrix simulations to explore this phenomenon. We show that for low oscillator strengths of the excitonic resonance, there is a single anti-crossing arising from strong coupling between the surface plasmon and the excitonic resonance, which is associated with the formation of upper and lower plasmon–exciton polaritons. As the oscillator strength is increased, we find that a new mode emerges between these upper and lower polariton states and show that this new mode is an excitonic surface mode. Our study also features an exploration of the role played by the orientation of the excitonic dipole moment and the relationship between the modes we observe and the transverse and longitudinal resonances associated with the excitonic response. We also investigate why this type of double splitting is rarely observed in experiments.
GM Crops and the Global Divide
Authors: Thomson Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Attitudes to GM crops continue to generate tension, even though they have been grown commercially for over 20 years. Negative sentiment towards their development limits their adoption in Western countries, despite there being no evidence of harm to human health. These unfounded concerns about genetically modified crops have also inhibited uptake in many countries throughout Africa and Asia, having a major impact on agricultural productivity and preventing the widespread cultivation of potentially life-saving crops.
GM Crops and the Global Divide traces the historical importance that European attitudes to past colonial influences, aid, trade and educational involvement have had on African leaders and their people. The detrimental impact that these attitudes have on agricultural productivity and food security continues to be of growing importance, especially in light of climate change, drought and the potential rise in sea levels – the effects of which could be mitigated by the cultivation of GM and gene-edited crops.
Following on from her previous books Genes for Africa, GM Crops: The Impact and the Potential and Food for Africa, Jennifer Thomson unravels the reasons behind these negative attitudes towards GM crop production. By addressing the detrimental effects that anti-GM opinions have on nutrition security in developing countries and providing a clear account of the science to counter these attitudes, she hopes to highlight and ultimately bridge this global divide.
Cyclic voltammetry of volatile memristors in the Venus flytrap: short-term memory
Authors: Volkov Alexander G. , Chua Leon
Published: January 2021

Plants have sensory, short-term and long-term memory. Possible candidates for memory in plants are memristors; resistors with memory. Memristors have been found in seeds, plants, flowers and fruits. The electrostimulation of plants by bipolar periodic waves can induce electrical responses with fingerprints of volatile or non-volatile memristors. Here, we show that the electrostimulation of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) by unipolar sinusoidal or triangular periodic electrical trains induces electrical responses in plants with fingerprints of volatile memristors. The discovery of volatile generic memristors in plants opens new directions in the modelling and understanding of electrical phenomena in the plant kingdom.
Had a gut full, of the scaled stargazer Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis Barnard 1927
Authors: Coulson Peter G.
Published: January 2021

The head of a large scaled stargazer Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis Barnard 1927 was found in the stomach of a bass groper Polyprion americanus caught in deep waters off the south-east coast of Western Australia. The finding of this specimen increases our knowledge of the distribution of P. pseudodorsalis and the estimated age of 22 years of this specimen, based on counts of growth (opaque) zones in the section otoliths, is the first such information for this species.
The dog and the adulteress
Authors: Tohar Vered
Published: January 2021

This article discusses a well-known Hebrew folktale about an adulterous couple in which the man is turned into a wild dog in punishment for his sin and attacks his married mistress. This story is found in the popular ethical work Kav Ha-yashar (The Just Measure) which was first printed in 1705. Using this story, I will demonstrate how folktales are used as a means of instilling fear of horrific punishment for breaking the social convention of monogamous marriage, and as a way of expressing misogyny. At the same time, the story provides a platform for expressing deviant sexuality, which is, of course, a taboo in everyday life. The transformation into a dog is based upon well-known canine images in Jewish culture.
Intercultural translation of vague legal language
Authors: Bowen Alex
Published: January 2021

Difficulties have long been observed in communicating legal rights to some Aboriginal people in Australia. In the Northern
Territory, audio translations of the right to silence in Aboriginal languages can be used in police interviews. This study examines two sets
of audio translations in two Aboriginal languages. Also included in each case are front-translations – intermediate English texts used to
facilitate translation – as well as the legal texts that likely informed the translations. The audio translations include far more explicit
information than either legal texts of the right, or oral explanations from police (evidenced in transcripts from police interviews).
Analyses of context and implicature highlight that the legal text of the right is indeterminate: It is unclear what the text is intended to
imply and communicate. Aboriginal translators are better placed than legal communicators to develop informative texts, because of their
audience knowledge and intercultural skill. However, translators can only work with meaning provided or approved by their clients. Legal
authorities, not translators, should be responsible for deciding the information to be communicated about rights, to meet the objectives of
policies about rights. When the challenging and imperfect nature of intercultural legal translation is recognised, translators can use their
insight into legal meaning to greatly improve communication with target audiences.
PIR Sensor based Blaze Barricade using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Dharani Devi P. , Pavithra C. A.
Published: January 2021

Right from small fire accidents to the recent explosion cause by fire in Beirut, and many forest fires not only damages lots and lots of vegetation and kills animals but also gives high risk to human lives and properties. Everyone is well aware that fire Extinguishing is extended dangerous and it damages environment in all nations around the world. Fire accidents causes lot of loss, causing hundreds of death and widespread damage to the property. A risk survey in India 2019 reports that a total of 1,13,961 people lost their lives due to fire accidents from 2010 to 2014, which is an average of 62 deaths a day. In this paper we develop a priority enabled robot which could control the fire extinguishers process as soon as possible. The design consists of various sensors like ultrasonic sensor which is used to detect object, PIR sensor which is used to detect human motion and Raspberry pi camera module is used to detect the fire. Raspberry pi is used to control the movement of the robot to reduce the fire extinguish.
Detection and Characterization of Lung Tumor by Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Sangeetha M , Mythili S
Published: January 2021

In today’s modern world, lung cancer is the most common cause of death amongst humans. Most of the lung cancers are curable at early stages. So an early and fast detection of lung cancer can save the patient’s life. With the new technology, early detection of lung cancer is possible at the initial stage. Formal method for diagnosis lung cancer detection is biopsy method. We have proposed lung cancer detection system using convolution neural network for early detection of lung cancer disease. It is more advantageous to patients. The diagnosing methodology uses image processing methods algorithm. The DICOM (Digital imaging and communications in medicine) image of lungs is taken as input and it goes under various preprocessing technique for noise removal and image segmentation. These features are given as the input to classifier. Convolution neural network is used for classification purpose. It classifies the given input images into cancerous or non-cancerous.
Design of All-Optical Half Adder and Half Subtractor based on SOA-MI
Authors: Shanmugapriya P. , Margarat M. , Jayaraj A.
Published: January 2021

An all-optical half adder and half subtractor is proposed using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier assisted Michelson Interferometer (SOA-MI) configuration along with two similar Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) at the end of the interferometric arms to satisfy the truth table of half adder and half subtractor. SOA acts as an amplifier without the need for conversion to electrical signals. The proposed model is designed using all-optical NOR gates with cross-gain modulation (XGM) of SOA at bit rate of 10Gbps. Analysis of performance factors which includes Bit Error Rate (BER), OSNR and Q-factor have been discussed.
Speech Processing: MFCC Based Feature Extraction Techniques- An Investigation
Authors: Prabakaran D. , Sriuppili S.
Published: January 2021

In this digital world, there are many applications to secure and legalize their data and all of these emissions by various techniques and there are many algorithms and methods to process their data. Some extensive method used is biometric authentication and voice recognition is better, since it paves the convenient manner to the user and it merely acquires the voice from the user. Also the background noise is in crisis with Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) which is recognition algorithm where overcome by other tools such as smoothening filter etc. The main focus of this project is to investigate the feature extraction scheme.
Smart System for Preventing Passenger Destination Missing in Bus
Authors: Saravanan Dr M , Soundarya S
Published: January 2021

Passengers need not to worry any more about the arrival of their destination missing in Bus. Bus passengers will be able to recognize their destination during the journey by using this proposed setup. This project is very useful to the people who are illiterates and new to cities. It also announces important places such as hospitals, police station etc. along with the passenger’s destination. It is one of the parts of Intelligent Transport System which will reduce the workload of Bus drivers and Conductors with the help of automatic station display setup. This project also ensures the safety of bus drivers. In this project we are proposing the design of an embedded device by using the GPS module, which keeps tracking on the bus route and when the destination of the passenger arrives, it is intimated to the passenger with the help of loudspeaker and LCD display. It is one of the most cost effective methods which can be easily implemented by public bus transportation. All kind of people gets benefit by this project
Routing Architecture and Applications of FPGA: A survey
Authors: Soniya T , Ragasudha I , Nithya Valli P
Published: January 2021

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is established in the year 1985 and it is well liked in day to day life. FPGA is the semi-conductor device which is around by configurable logic block (CLB) with the interconnect matrix which develops the FPGA very strong and flexible. When related to the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), FPGA has simpler design cycle and by using Hardware Description Language (HDL) code or Verilog Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code creates the design faster and more efficient and also takes less manufacturing time. As compare to microcontroller, the FPGA has more flexibility and it also has high processing speed. This paper will discuss about classification of routing architecture in FPGA namely Island style FPGA and hierarchical FPGA. The recent application in the field of security system, video and image processing, medical electronics of FPGA.
Iot based Underground Coalmine Safety System
Authors: kumar Mr. B. Vinodh , Jayasree Ms. B. , Kiruthika MS. D.
Published: January 2021

Safety of a person is primary concern in any industry especially in underground coal mining industry. Underground communication is necessary to monitor underground environmental and health parameter and take necessary actions accordingly to avoid any types of hazard. The application designs a warning system for coalmine safety based on IOT. The underground system determines environment and health condition of workers. This system observes the environmental parameters such as gas and vibrations and the health parameters such as heart rate, temperature. The collected information is send to the processor to save them and for remote users to inquire.
Detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Antibodies Using Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor
Authors: Mohamed Nizar S. , Kesavaraman B. , Priyanka E. , Jayasri R.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a circular Photonic Crystal fiber (C-PCF) is designed to detect two types of antibodies such as Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Light guiding property of different refractive index (RI) of IgG and IgM are analyzed. For various RI value confinement losses, relative sensitivity and effective mode area are analyzed. The projected C-PCF sensor produces low confinement loss and high sensitivity for the detection of IgM and IgG. Realistic execution of the proposed PCF sensor is viable by accessible technology and it is applicable to sense corona virus disease.
A Fast and AdaptiveMAAPS Multi-RadioRendezvous Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Gomathi Mrs. R , Kalpana Ms. S , Saropriya Ms. N
Published: January 2021

Multi Radio channel hopping Rendezvous implementation of Cognitive Radio Network is provided with Adaptive MAAP algorithm, which adapts the heterogeneous sequences of the channel divided into frames and correlate with uniform information of Secondary User’s of CRN. Different Secondary User’s is assumed to be equipped with the equal number of radios for Adaptive and Parallel sequence algorithm for heterogeneous CRNs.The number of radios for each SU is implicitly assumed to be more than one for the Role-based Parallel Sequence and the Adjustable Multi-Radio Rendezvous Secondary user is equipped with one radio for a pair of Secondary users. The patterns are followed same as time-to-rendezvous and improved the Expected TTR and Maximum TTR. The comparative study of few algorithms also can be implemented for CH rendezvous.
Wireless power charging and identification of theft electric vehicle using Block chain technology
Authors: Jagadiswary D. , Devaraj Thiruselvi , Sabiq P.V
Published: January 2021

Vehicles have become an indispensable part of every human’s life. Almost, every work depends on vehicle for transportation. Without the vehicle our work would be crucial. Though a vehicle have many benefits, it also creates a major threat for the environment by its pollution. Additionally, the existing system fails to charge the Electric Vehicle (EV) system as there is no separate charging system. This can be implemented by our proposed system wireless power charging technology using inductive coupling method. Consequently, existing system also fails to identify the theft EV in an efficient manner. This issues can be solved by using a mobile application with vehicle information. The application maintains the blockchain server which continuously monitors theft Electric Vehicle by sending, vehicle information to all rechargeable stations. In case, the theft Electric Vehicle enters the charging station the information is passed to the authorized person of the Electric Vehicle. As a result the proposed system integrates Wireless charging and anti-theft vehicle in an efficient way when compared with the existing system.
Multiple input and multiple output ofdm for visible light communication
Authors: Ragumadhavan R , Thenmoezhi N , Lakshmi A , Aravind Britto K R
Published: January 2021

VLC is an important strategy that gives wireless communication by utilizing an optical source. It is the corresponding method to Radio Frequency communication since it has more extensive data transmission. In this paper, VLC utilizes MIMOOFDM. In MIMOOFDM, countless subcarriers are utilized to convey the information, at that point the required precoding strategy is utilized to wipe out the impedance. Data communication can be accomplished by utilizing LEDs that send information to the receiver side.
Mobile Based Gas Leakage Monitoring Using IOT
Authors: Jayakumar D. , Ezhilmaran R. , Balaji S. , Kiruba K.
Published: January 2021

The mechanical gas spills cause mishaps and posture dangers to the earth furthermore, human life. In this manner, it is basic to identify the gas spills in time. As a rule, the strange focus signals are characterized by fixed fixation esteem, for example, 25% of the lower unstable breaking point (LEL). The component of each ordinary fragment is gotten by ascertaining the relationship coefficients between ACFs. The proposed technique has been executed in a field by constructing a remote sensor arrange (WSN). It is affirmed that the framework recognition rate comes to the highest value as 96.7% and the normal location time delay is under the 30s on the reason of low bogus caution rate. In existing framework, LPG Spillage identifier with SMS sign utilizing GSM modem venture distinguishes the LPG gas spillage. In the event that the LPG gas level crosses the edge level at that point it sends SMS to the client utilizing the GSM modem. Additionally, the LPG identifier framework turns on the ringer to demonstrate the individual close by to the framework. In the proposed framework, we actualized a framework which gives call alert along with SMS, in the wake of recognizing Gas spillage inside 30 seconds. The discovery unit is actualized utilizing MQ 2 sensor and GSM Module. The current flexibly will be naturally shutdown before the call caution to the particular proprietor. In this technique, we beat the hindrances of the current framework, which depends on SMS alert.
A catalytic ozonation reactor design for reuse large scale industrial wastewater: laundry
Authors: Rame R , Purwanto A , Djayanti S , Andriani Y
Published: January 2021

Large-scale industrial wastewater is a longstanding problem, but considerations of the industrial wastewater treatment progress are unusual, and the design of wastewater treatment required by industry is severely deficiënt. To make industrial wastewater an economically viable source of clean water, we propose a logical approach towards designing a large scale catalytic ozonation reactor for reuse large scale industrial wastewater. ANSYS software is used as a primary tooi to estimate the ozone transfer and catalytic performance of the reactor, and the effects of reactor design are investigated. The ozone transfer of 100 g/h, energy consumption rate of 3 kWh and a catalytic time of 120 seconds are all within acceptable ranges typical to industrial wastewater. It is estimated that a doublé catalytic ozonation reactor of 5 m3 can supply the clean water demand of 100 m3/day.
Shooing the vultures? The case for investment treaty protection of sovereign debt
Authors: Manov* Ann
Published: January 2021

This essay identifies a doctrinal trend away from subject-matter jurisdiction for sovereign debt in investment treaty arbitration: prominent voices have espoused the view that sovereign debt is not an ‘investment’ and therefore not protected. It rebuts that notion, making the first normative case for why sovereign bond protections advance international investment law’s goal of development. Combining the credible commitment model and efficient market hypothesis with empirical research on sovereign debt markets, it argues that by allowing high-risk, emerging-market countries to credibly commit to repayment, investor protections reduce those countries’ cost of borrowing. It presents historical evidence from the drafting of the ICSID Convention and its political context to show that the creators of international investment law intended it to apply to sovereign debt. Next, it offers a systematic guide to parsing treaty clauses to evaluate jurisdiction, proposing an inductive, text-centered but purposivist approach that emphasizes legal predictability and economic incentives. In clarifying the mechanics of bond offerings, it discredits prevailing arguments against sovereign bond protection. Finally, it proposes superior alternatives to balance the needs of distressed countries and investors.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Herb–Drug Interaction of Piperine with Atorvastatin in Rats
Authors: Thomas Asha B , Choudhary Durga C , Raje Amol , Nagrik Shatrughna S
Published: January 2021

Herbals that are widely consumed as therapeutic alternatives to conventional drugs for cardiovascular diseases, may lead to herb–drug interactions (HDIs). Atorvastatin (ATR) is drug of choice for hyperlipidemia and is extensively metabolized through CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, we postulate that concomitant administration of ATR with piperine (PIP, potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzyme)/ridayarishta (RID, cardiotonic herbal formulations containing PIP) may lead to potential HDI. A simple, accurate, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection method using Kromasil-100 C18 column, mobile phase acetonitrile: 30 mM phosphate buffer (55:45 v/v) pH 4.5 with flow rate gradient programming was developed to study the potential HDI in rats. Method was found to be linear (2–100 ng/mL) with Lower Limit of Detection (LLOD) 2 ng/mL. The precision (%CV < 15%), accuracy (−1.0 to −10% R.E) with recoveries above 90% from rat plasma of ATR and IS were obtained. The pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions studies on co-administration of ATR (8.4 mg/kg, p.o.) with PIP (35 mg/kg, p.o.), demonstrated a threefold increase in Cmax of ATR (P < 0.01) with significant increase in AUC0–t/AUC0–∞ compared to ATR alone indicating potential PK-HDI. However co-administration of RID (4.2 mL/kg, p.o.) showed less significant changes (P > 0.05) indicating low HDI. The pharmacodynamic effects/interactions study (TritonX-100 induced hyperlipidemic model in rats) suggested no significant alterations in the lipid profile on co-administration of PIP/RID with ATR, indicating that there may be no significant pharmacodynamic interactions.
A case report of an STEMI mimicker in a patient presenting with haemoptysis and chest pain with metastatic myocardial infiltration and left ventricular mural thrombi
Authors: Zhou Ruihai , Prasada Sudhir , Roth Michael
Published: January 2021

Background 

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requires timely coronary reperfusion but localizing ST-segment elevation (STE) can develop in clinical settings other than STEMI.

Case summary 

We report a case of a 66-year-old man, with a history of diabetes mellitus and arthritis presenting with haemoptysis and chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) at presentation showed marked localizing STE but emergent cardiac catheterization showed no significant coronary artery obstruction and the serial serum cardiac troponin levels were within normal limits. The patient was found to have squamous cell carcinoma with a right upper lobe cavitated lung mass and cardiac infiltrative metastasis as shown by computed tomography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) imaging. Mobile left ventricular mural thrombi were also noted on echocardiography.

Discussion 

Metastatic myocardial infiltration can cause STE mimicking STEMI on ECG. The STE is persistent and may reflect an ongoing injury current between the infiltrated and normal myocardium. The STE is localizing, which may have value in evaluating the extent and region of metastatic myocardial damage. Myocardial metastasis can be complicated by ventricular mural thrombosis and due to lack of population data, there is no firm guidance on choice of anticoagulation.
Senolytic Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin Alleviates Intestinal Senescence and Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Aged Mice
Authors: Saccon Tatiana Dandolini , Nagpal Ravinder , Yadav Hariom , Cavalcante Marcelo Borges , Nunes Allancer Divino de Carvalho , Schneider Augusto , Gesing Adam , Hughes Brian , Yousefzadeh Matthew , Tchkonia Tamar , Kirkland James L , Niedernhofer Laura J , Robbins Paul D , Masternak Michal M
Published: January 2021

Cellular senescence contributes to age-related disorders including physical dysfunction, disabilities, and mortality caused by tissue inflammation and damage. Senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues with aging and at etiological sites of multiple chronic disorders. The senolytic drug combination, Dasatinib plus Quercetin (D+Q), is known to reduce senescent cell abundance in aged mice. However, the effects of long-term D+Q treatment on intestinal senescent cell and inflammatory burden and microbiome composition in aged mice remain unknown. Here, we examine the effect of D+Q on senescence (p16Ink4a and p21Cip1) and inflammation (Cxcl1, Il1β, Il6, Mcp1, and Tnfα) markers in small (ileum) and large (caecum and colon) intestine in aged mice (n = 10) compared to age-matched placebo-treated mice (n = 10). Additionally, we examine microbial composition along the intestinal tract in these mice. D+Q-treated mice show significantly lower senescent cell (p16 and p21 expression) and inflammatory (Cxcl1, Il1β, Il6, Mcp1, and Tnfα expression) burden in small and large intestine compared with control mice. Further, we find specific microbial signatures in ileal, cecal, colonic, and fecal regions that are distinctly modulated by D+Q, with modulation being most prominent in small intestine. Further analyses reveal specific correlation of senescence and inflammation markers with specific microbial signatures. Together, these data demonstrate that the senolytic treatment reduces intestinal senescence and inflammation while altering specific microbiota signatures and suggest that the optimized senolytic regimens might improve health via reducing intestinal senescence, inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis in older subjects.
SPONGEdb: a pan-cancer resource for competing endogenous RNA interactions
Authors: Hoffmann Markus , Pachl Elisabeth , Hartung Michael , Stiegler Veronika , Baumbach Jan , Schulz Marcel H , List Markus
Published: January 2021

microRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators involved in many biological processes and human diseases, including cancer. The majority of transcripts compete over a limited pool of miRNAs, giving rise to a complex network of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interactions. Currently, gene-regulatory networks focus mostly on transcription factor-mediated regulation, and dedicated efforts for charting ceRNA regulatory networks are scarce. Recently, it became possible to infer ceRNA interactions genome-wide from matched gene and miRNA expression data. Here, we inferred ceRNA regulatory networks for 22 cancer types and a pan-cancer ceRNA network based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. To make these networks accessible to the biomedical community, we present SPONGEdb, a database offering a user-friendly web interface to browse and visualize ceRNA interactions and an application programming interface accessible by accompanying R and Python packages. SPONGEdb allows researchers to identify potent ceRNA regulators via network centrality measures and to assess their potential as cancer biomarkers through survival, cancer hallmark and gene set enrichment analysis. In summary, SPONGEdb is a feature-rich web resource supporting the community in studying ceRNA regulation within and across cancer types.
Tracking telomere fusions through crisis reveals conflict between DNA transcription and the DNA damage response
Authors: Liddiard Kate , Grimstead Julia W , Cleal Kez , Evans Anna , Baird Duncan M
Published: January 2021

Identifying attributes that distinguish pre-malignant from senescent cells provides opportunities for targeted disease eradication and revival of anti-tumour immunity. We modelled a telomere-driven crisis in four human fibroblast lines, sampling at multiple time points to delineate genomic rearrangements and transcriptome developments that characterize the transition from dynamic proliferation into replicative crisis. Progression through crisis was associated with abundant intra-chromosomal telomere fusions with increasing asymmetry and reduced microhomology usage, suggesting shifts in DNA repair capacity. Eroded telomeres also fused with genomic loci actively engaged in transcription, with particular enrichment in long genes. Both gross copy number alterations and transcriptional responses to crisis likely underpin the elevated frequencies of telomere fusion with chromosomes 9, 16, 17, 19 and most exceptionally, chromosome 12. Juxtaposition of crisis-regulated genes with loci undergoing de novo recombination exposes the collusive contributions of cellular stress responses to the evolving cancer genome.
Environment has a Stronger Effect than Host Plant Genotype in Shaping Spring Brassica napus Seed Microbiomes
Authors: Morales Moreira Zayda P. , Helgason Bobbi L. , Germida James J.
Published: January 2021

Seed are reproductive units that transfer genetic information to the next generation and harbor microbial communities that may interact with a host plant at all stages of its development. Here, we assessed the effect of the environment and plant genotype on the seed microbiome of eight spring Brassica napus lines harvested from four site years in Saskatchewan, Canada: one location each in 2016 and 2017 and two additional locations in 2017. Seed microbiomes were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer regions. Our results revealed that microbial communities were predominantly shaped by the environment, with location explaining 34% of bacterial and 43% of fungal total variance. Meanwhile, genotype had a smaller effect, accounting for only 9% of bacterial and 13% of fungal variance. The seed microbiome of B. napus predominantly contained members of Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales bacterial orders as well as Pleosporales and Capnodiales fungal orders. Additionally, common taxa, including Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Micrococcales, Sphingomonadales, Pleosporales, Capnodiales, Tremellales, Filobasidiales, and Sporidiobolales, were detected across all site years. Our results demonstrate that the environment plays a dominant role in shaping spring B. napus seed microbiomes, with more subtle contributions related to host plant genotype. Information collected in this study may contribute to the development of novel and sustainable breeding and agricultural strategies that consider microorganisms carried by seed.
Quantity–quality trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (
Sapajus
spp.)
Authors: Quintiero E. , Gastaldi S. , De Petrillo F. , Addessi E. , Bourgeois-Gironde S.
Published: January 2021

Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity–quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or owing to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
How animals do business
Authors: de Waal Frans B. M.
Published: January 2021

The field of comparative behavioural economics investigates decisions about the acquisition and exchange of goods and services. It does so in both humans and other species on the assumption that the cognition and emotions involved have a shared evolutionary background. This preface roughly defines the field and reviews a few selected early studies and concepts to offer a taste of what economic behaviour means in relation to species other than our own.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Balancing costs and benefits in primates: ecological and palaeoanthropological views
Authors: Garcia Cécile , Bouret Sébastien , Druelle François , Prat Sandrine
Published: January 2021

Maintaining the balance between costs and benefits is challenging for species living in complex and dynamic socio-ecological environments, such as primates, but also crucial for shaping life history, reproductive and feeding strategies. Indeed, individuals must decide to invest time and energy to obtain food, services and partners, with little direct feedback on the success of their investments. Whereas decision-making relies heavily upon cognition in humans, the extent to which it also involves cognition in other species, based on their environmental constraints, has remained a challenging question. Building mental representations relating behaviours and their long-term outcome could be critical for other primates, but there are actually very little data relating cognition to real socio-ecological challenges in extant and extinct primates. Here, we review available data illustrating how specific cognitive processes enable(d) modern primates and extinct hominins to manage multiple resources (e.g. food, partners) and to organize their behaviour in space and time, both at the individual and at the group level. We particularly focus on how they overcome fluctuating and competing demands, and select courses of action corresponding to the best possible packages of potential costs and benefits in reproductive and foraging contexts.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.