bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of synergistic gemcitabine-based combination treatment through a novel tumor stemness biomarker NANOG in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cheng Jiongjia , Zhu Ting , Liu Shaoxian , Zhou Jiayu , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Guangxiang
Published: September 2024

The synergistic effect observed in gemcitabine-based combination therapies targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells was correlated with the inhibiting effect on the expression of stemness-related gene NANOG.
Development of chitosan-based curative films containing β-d-glucan obtained from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa yeast and containing bromelain extract carried in nanoparticles and liposomes
Authors: Alves Sara Lima , Lopes Thaise Cruz , Carvalho de Almeida Chagas Patrícia , Oliveira Márcio Campos , Silva Marcus Vinicius Santos da , Souza Fernanda Vidigal Duarte , Assis Sandra Aparecida de
Published: September 2024

Polysaccharides are an attractive source for use in dressings due to their plentiful availability, low cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility and multifunctionality.
Brønsted base-catalyzed assembly of sulfochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidines via tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition–SuFEx click reaction of ethenesulfonyl fluorides and o-hydroxyaryl azomethines
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Qichao , Xie Pei , He Lin , Cai Zhihua , Du Guangfen
Published: September 2024

o-Hydroxyaryl azomethine ylides react with ethenesulfonyl fluorides via a tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition–SuFEx click process to produce sulfochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidines in high yields.
Synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives via photoredox-catalyzed radical cross–coupling of anilines with diazo compounds
Authors: Tian Cheng-Cheng , Yang Dan , Liu Yu , Chen Wei , Zhang Yuzhe , Zhang Hong-Hao
Published: September 2024

A photoredox-catalyzed radical cross–coupling protocol for the synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives has been developed. This atom-economic protocol enables the synthesis of a range of β-amino acid esters in moderate to excellent yields.
Zn–Al and Mg–Al layered double hydroxide nanoparticles improved primary and secondary metabolism of geranium plants
Authors: Hashem Shimaa , AbdElgawad Hamada , Mohamed Fatma , Hegab Momtaz M. , AlGarawi Amal Mohamed , Okla Mohammad K. , Sayed Mona
Published: September 2024

Layer double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied to enhance plant growth and productivity.
Rational construction of luminescent Eu-doped Y-MOF for ratiometric temperature sensing
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Xi , Zhang Yong-Ya , Zhang Jian-Wei
Published: September 2024

A dual-emitter luminescent Eu-doped Y-MOF was successfully constructed by using a cation exchange strategy. As a self-calibrated thermometer, this Eu-doped MOF exhibits excellent fluorescence performance for wide-range temperature sensing.
Discovery of new Hsp90–Cdc37 protein–protein interaction inhibitors: in silico screening and optimization of anticancer activity
Authors: Dernovšek Jaka , Gradišek Nina , Zajec Živa , Urbančič Dunja , Cingl Jernej , Goričan Tjaša , Grdadolnik Simona Golič , Tomašič Tihomir
Published: September 2024

The interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp90 co-chaperone cell-division cycle 37 (Cdc37) is crucial for the folding and maturation of several oncogenic proteins, particularly protein kinases.
A zinc metal complex as an NIR emissive probe for real-time dynamics and in vivo embryogenic evolution of lysosomes using super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Salam Abdul , Kaushik Kush , Mukherjee Bodhidipra , Anjum Farhan , Sapkal Goraksha T. , Sharma Shagun , Garg Richa , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: September 2024

Super-resolution nanoscopic visualization of lysosomal speed and their in vivo embryogenic evolution using a highly bright and photostable NIR emissive zinc metal complex.
Spin-coated films of gadolinium formate for cryogenic cooling
Authors: Tejedor Inés , Calvo María Isabel , Gandara-Loe Jesús , Rubio-Giménez Víctor , Ameloot Rob , Gascón Ignacio , Roubeau Olivier
Published: September 2024

Continuous and homogenous films of gadolinium formate formed by spin-coating on bare Si possess unprecedentedly high surface magnetic cooling power.
Supramolecular-platform-assisted selective recognition of uric acid with high sensitivity via microenvironment modulation of a self-assembled probe
Authors: Samanta Saikat , Paul Provakar , Mahapatra Chinmoy , Chatterjee Arunavo , Mondal Bibhas , Roy Ujjal Kanti , Majumdar Tapas , Mallick Arabinda
Published: September 2024

A supramolecular platform for uric acid recognition through a straightforward, resourceful technique under the tolerable physiological level.
Self-assembled thin films as alternative surface textures in assistive aids with users who are blind
Authors: Swain Zachary , Derkaloustian Maryanne , Hepler Kayla A. , Nolin Abigail , Damani Vidhika S. , Bhattacharyya Pushpita , Shrestha Tulaja , Medina Jared , Kayser Laure V. , Dhong Charles B.
Published: September 2024

Participants who are blind could identify red cards from black cards by using silane-derived surface coatings.
One-step additive manufacturing of Ni–Mn–Sn alloys with a large elastocaloric effect
Authors: Sun Wen , Qian Hanyang , Fu Qi , Zhang Mingxiao , Cheng Juan , Mo Zhaojun , Liu Jian , Li Wei , Li Guowei
Published: September 2024

The one-step laser powder bed fusion method, without the need for heat treatment, successfully produces a microstructure containing austenite phase in NiMnSn samples. An impressive elastocaloric temperature change of 6.7 K was obtained.
Temperature/water triggered reversible emission transition in a one-dimensional Mn(ii)-based metal halide
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Xin , Zhang Bo , Xin Liu-Di , Zhen Xiao-Meng , Xu Liang-Jin
Published: September 2024

The achievement of a novel and feasible design strategy for temperature/water stimuli-responsive sensing technology.
Multi-color afterglow of the LiGa5O8:Tb3+/Sm3+ co-doped gallosilicate glass via energy transfer and trap sharing for optical anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Dan , Wu Yixi , Li Lulu , Zhang Xinlian , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie
Published: September 2024

LiGa5O8:Tb3+,Sm3+ doped glass-ceramics with a multi-color afterglow are promising for optical encryption information anti-counterfeiting and storage fields.
Computationally guided circularly polarized luminescence simulations in chiral adaptive supramolecular systems
Authors: Bella Giovanni , Bruno Giuseppe , Santoro Antonio
Published: September 2024

Chirality and chiral phenomena associated with electromagnetic waves universally arise across many different forms, which involve transitions between states with opposite symmetries.
Tautomerism and nucleophilic addition influence the performance of aqueous organic redox flow batteries of chelidamic acid and chelidonic acid
Authors: Prakash Surya , Ramar Alagar , Wang Fu-Ming , Guji Kefyalew Wagari , Sundari Citra Deliana Dewi , Merinda Laurien
Published: September 2024

The influence of tautomerism and nucleophilic addition on chelidamic acid and chelidonic acid, compounds with similar molecular weights but different hetero atoms, was investigated in aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
Aktuelles zu Tätowierfarben und regulatorischen Vorgaben: Bedeutung für die allergologische Abklärung
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Hauri Urs , Wolf Carina , Karst Uwe , Siewert Katherina , Schreiver Ines
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Ungefähr 18% der Weltbevölkerung sind tätowiert – besonders bei (jüngeren) Frauen sind permanente Tattoos und Permanent Make-up beliebt. Seit Januar 2022 müssen Tätowierfarben die Vorgaben des Tattoo-spezifischen Beschränkungseintrags in der EU-REACH-Verordnung einhalten. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Folgen am Markt aus allergologischer Sicht.

Material und Methoden Recherche zu Inhaltsstoffen und Rechtsvorschriften im Bereich von permanenten Tätowierungen in Pubmed, Fachbüchern, auf einschlägigen Webseiten, beim World Congress of Tattoo and Pigment Research 2023 und in einem Tattoo-Studio.

Ergebnisse Der Tattoo-spezifische Beschränkungseintrag in der EU-REACH-Verordnung legt Grenzwerte für Chemikalien fest, die gemäß EU-CLP-Verordnung harmonisiert als krebserzeugende, mutagene, reproduktionstoxische, hautsensibilisierende oder hautreizende Substanzen eingestuft wurden. Außerdem dürfen bekannte Stoffe, die in den Anhängen II und IV der EU-Kosmetikverordnung gelistet sind, nur noch sehr begrenzt in Tätowierfarben eingesetzt werden. Auf der einen Seite können Kontrollbehörden durch diese Grenzwerte die Einhaltung der gültigen Rechtsvorschriften für Tätowiermittel besser kontrollieren. Auf der anderen Seite wurden diese Grenzwerte teilweise ohne wissenschaftliche Evidenz für eine Gefährdung festgelegt. Es ist bislang unklar, inwiefern sich bspw. das Sensibilisierungspotenzial von Kontaktallergenen durch die dermale Applikation beim Tätowiervorgang ändert.

Seit Inkrafttreten der erweiterten EU-REACH-Verordnung werden viele Substanzen eingesetzt, die im Tattoo-Bereich bisher nicht in Erscheinung getreten sind und problematisch sein könnten. Beispiele sind Pigment Blau 61 und Pigment Gelb 155, die entweder Anilin oder p-Phenylendiamin enthalten. Der Einsatz von Kolophonium und von Formaldehydabspaltern wurde durch die Festsetzung von niedrigen Grenzwerten de facto verboten. Der Grenzwert für Aldehyde ist technisch im Moment nicht erreichbar und erschwert die Herstellung steriler, REACH-konformer Tätowierfarben. Durch die Verknüpfung zur EU-CLP-Verordnung können bestimmte Konservierungsmittel, die eigentlich ein vielsprechendes toxikologisches Profil aufweisen, in Zukunft nicht (mehr) eingesetzt werden.

Fazit In Zukunft gilt es, Datenlücken mit In-vitro-Labormethoden und klinisch-epidemiologischen Daten zu schließen und auf dieser Basis regulatorische Vorgaben anzupassen. Dem Allergen-Monitoring, z.B. im Rahmen der IVDK Tattoo Studie 2.0, kommt dabei eine Schlüsselstellung zu. Epikutantestempfehlungen sollten kontinuierlich an Änderungen auf dem Tätowierfarbenmarkt angepasst werden.
Triglyceride Glucose Index and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deng Sheng , Peng Ling
Published: September 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis aims to
evaluate the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a novel
marker reflecting insulin resistance, and the risk of developing DN in patients
with T2DM. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and
Web of Science databases up to May 12, 2024. Studies assessing the TyG index in
relation to DN risk among T2DM patients were included. The pooled relative risks
(RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects
model. A total of eight longitudinal follow-up studies encompassing 15 889
patients with T2DM were included. The pooled analysis revealed a significant
association between a higher TyG index and an increased risk of DN in patients
with T2DM (RR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.37–1.71, p<0.001; I2=35%). The
results of meta-regression analysis suggested that the cutoff of TyG index was
positively associated with the RR for the association between TyG index and DN.
Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association was stronger in studies with
cutoff of TyG index ≥9.5 as compared to those with the cutoff <9.5 (RR: 1.73
vs. 1.40, p for subgroup difference <0.05). The association was not
significantly affected by study design, mean age of the patients, proportion of
men, or follow-up durations. In conclusion, higher TyG index is significantly
associated with an increased risk of DN in patients with T2DM.
Recent Advances in Fluoroalkylation Strategies: Exploring Novel Reactivities and Synthetic Applications of Sulfone- and Sulfinate-Based Reagents for Mono-, Di-, and Trifluoromethylations
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Knieb Alexander
Published: September 2024

Fluoroalkylation serves as a pivotal strategy for chemists to precisely alter the properties of small molecules. Among the established fluoroalkylation protocols, sulfone and sulfinate reagents stand out as versatile tools for these reactions, particularly in mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylations. Their versatility lies in offering multiple pathways, encompassing electrophilic, nucleophilic, as well as radical mechanisms, thus providing diverse routes for controlled molecular modifications through a variety of very exciting mechanistic paths.

1 Introduction

2 Monofluoromethylation Strategies

2.1 Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (FBSM)

2.2 2-Fluoro-1,3-benzodithiole-1,1,3,3-tetraoxide (FBDT)

2.3 Benzothiazole-SO2CH2F, NaSO2CH2F, and ClSO2CH2F

2.4 PhSO2CH2F

3 Difluoromethylation Strategies

3.1 PhSO2CF2H

3.2 Benzothiazole-SO2CF2H

3.3 2-PyrSO2CF2H

3.4 NaSO2CF2H

4 Trifluoromethylation Strategies

4.1 PhSO2CF3

4.2 2-PyrSO2CF3

4.3 Benzothiazole-SO2CF3

4.4 NaSO2CF3

4.4.1 Electrochemical Approaches

4.4.2 Photochemical Approaches

4.4.3 Other Noteworthy Approaches

5 Conclusion
Clinical Study of 35 Patients with Acute Acoustic Hearing Disorder
Authors: Saiki Tadahiko , Ogawa Teruhiro , Haruna Takenori , Kuroda Kazuaki
Published: September 2024

We conducted a clinical study on 35 patients (42 ears) with acute acoustic hearing disorder who visited the otolaryngology department of Himeji St. Mary's Hospital during 12 years, from January 2012 to December 2023. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 81 years, with an average of 34.7 years (median age: 27 years); there were 27 male and 8 female patients. The disease was caused by exposure to shooting sounds in 22 patients (shooting sound group) and exposure to other strong and loud sounds in the remaining 13 patients (other high-intensity sound group). The mean age was significantly lower, and the interval from the onset of symptoms to consultation was shorter in the shooting sound group than in the other high-intensity sound group. Regarding hearing type, the C5-dip type was the most common (11 ears), followed in frequency by the gradually down-sloping, sharply down-sloping, and flat type. The overall hearing improvement was as follows: cured: 40.5%; markedly recovered: 11.9%; recovered: 19.0%; and unchanged: 28.6%. The degree of hearing improvement classified by hearing type was good for all of the C5-dip, dip (2K), and V-shaped types. Patients younger than 30 years, with a short interval from the onset to first visit, and with bilateral hearing loss showed satisfactory hearing improvement. There was a tendency for the degree of hearing improvement to be better in the shooting sound group than in the other high-intensity sound group.
Noninvasive Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast with Nodal Micrometastasis: A Rare Entity
Authors: Bhat Shubha Padmanabha , Vijayan Pooja , Srinivas Teerthanath , Kamat Premananda
Published: September 2024

Papillary neoplasms of the breast are rare and often pose diagnostic challenges to pathologists in routine practice. Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) of the breast is a rare type of papillary neoplasm. This tumor presents in postmenopausal women. Sonomammogram will aid in locating and identifying it as a cystic lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology will help in diagnosing the papillary nature of the lesion. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Histopathology is necessary for accurate diagnosis. In rare circumstances, noninvasive EPC can have axillary nodal metastasis. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who came with complaints of a lump in the left breast. This lump was radiologically suspected to be a phyllodes tumor. Fine needle aspiration cytology helped in identifying the lesion as papillary neoplasm. Histopathological examination revealed noninvasive encapsulated papillary carcinoma with axillary lymph node micrometastasis.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Unhealthy Lifestyle among Perimenopausal Women in a Selected Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru
Authors: Miranda Janet Prima , Adhikari Prabha , C. Binsha Pappachan
Published: September 2024

Introduction The perimenopausal phase, also known as the menopausal transition, marks a crucial period in a woman's life, characterized by hormonal fluctuations and physiological changes. During this transitory period, lifestyle factors are critical in influencing health outcomes. Lifestyle Appraisal focuses on identifying the lifestyle factors and habits that may affect a woman's health throughout the perimenopausal period.

Methods and Materials The objective of the study was to identify perimenopausal women with unhealthy lifestyle practices using a lifestyle appraisal questionnaire. The study used descriptive design to determine the unhealthy lifestyle among perimenopausal women in the age group of 45 to 55 years. A complete enumerative sampling was used to select the 148 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Every participant completed the self-reported lifestyle assessment questionnaire (LAQ), except for the questions where the researcher measured blood pressure, height, and weight (body mass index [BMI]) with standard protocol.

Results Unhealthy lifestyle habits persist in women. The average lifestyle appraisal score was 19.17 ± 6.88, ranging from 8 to 35. The higher the score, the unhealthy their lifestyle. The tool's highest possible score is 73. The majority of the subjects did not engage in regular exercise (43.9%), recreational activities (62.8%), or relaxation exercises (81.1%). A substantial number (54.1%) of women had encountered one to two stressful events in the last 6 months, with friends and family occasionally available for support (64.7%). None of them received love and affection every day, but rather on an occasional basis (69.6%). Most (81.1%) reported consuming meals with fruits and vegetables only two to three times a week, while fatty foods or sweets were ingested daily (60.1%). Furthermore, most (45.3%) participants were classified as overweight, with a BMI falling between 23 and 24.9.

Conclusion Simple screening methods can be used to evaluate health and lay the groundwork for understanding a person's lifestyle, which helps preserve and encourage a healthy way of life.
The Spectrum of Self-Limited Infantile Epilepsy Syndromes
Authors: Saadeldin Imad Yassin , Matlik Hussein Naseer , Mohammed Hiba , Abdelmagid Tayseer A. M. , Babikir Haydar El Hadi
Published: September 2024

Infantile epilepsy syndromes' nomenclature has changed over time. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) revised its 2021 classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes in neonates and infants, replacing the term “benign” with “self-limited,” and now identifies them as “self-limited infantile epilepsy” (SeLIE). SeLIE is characterized by seizures that begin during infancy and resolve spontaneously with normal developmental progress. The recognition of infantile seizures with favorable outcomes dates back more than 60 years, as noted by Fukuyama in Japan. Thirty years later, Watanabe et al reported benign focal seizures in infancy, with the majority of cases being nonfamilial. These seizures' self-limited nature during infancy has since been acknowledged in various countries, spanning diverse ethnic populations beyond Japan. Infants who undergo such seizures are now recognized as having self-limited nonfamilial infantile epilepsy (SeLNFIE). Initially, Vigevano et al detailed the familial variant in five infants, coining the term “benign familial infantile seizures” to characterize this condition, now known as self-limited familial infantile epilepsy (SeLFIE). SeLNFIE and SeLFIE may present similarly with the exception of a positive family history. After the initial description and classification of these syndromes (familial and nonfamilial) in the ILAE's 1989 Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes, several less frequently encountered related syndromes have been recognized. These conditions comprise a spectrum including SeLFIE with choreoathetosis and paroxysmal dyskinesia, now termed infantile convulsions with paroxysmal choreoathetosis syndrome (ICCA); self-limited focal epilepsy in infancy with midline spikes and waves during sleep (SeLIMSE); self-limited infantile seizures with mild gastroenteritis (SeLISwG); SeLFIE associated with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM); and self-limited familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy (SeLFNIE). This review aims to document the prevalence of these SeLIEs, elucidate their unique characteristics, and underscore their self-limited nature.
A general problem-solving matrix (GPSM): combining crime prevention and public health tools
Authors: Eck John E. , Ceccato Vania , Guerette Rob T.
Published: September 2024

Crime involves different individuals interacting in complex social and physical settings. Often, crime problem solvers reach for a common generic response, when they need to consider a number of possible solutions. Thinking tools can help. In this article, we show how uniting an injury prevention tool—the Haddon Matrix used widely in public health—and a crime prevention tool—the crime problem triangle used widely in policing—can provide guidance to crime problem solvers. We call our hybrid the General Problem-Solving Matrix (GPSM). We apply GPSM to rape and burglary to illustrates its features. We conclude the article by examining the alternative versions of GPSM in crime prevention.
Addressing the role of eHealth literacy in shaping popular attitudes towards post-COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese adults
Authors: Jiao Wen , Schulz Peter Johannes , Chang Angela
Published: September 2024

This study examined the influence of eHealth literacy on Chinese individuals’ attitudes towards post-COVID-19 vaccination and explored methods to address obstacles related to eHealth literacy that could affect their comprehension and willingness to get vaccinated. In 2022, a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes and intentions of 950 participants. Vaccination knowledge was established by employing validated measures and conducting a Mokken scale analysis. Causal-directed acyclic graphs were used to illustrate the current comprehension of the correlation between eHealth literacy and the desire to receive vaccinations. This study utilised causal mediation and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationships between eHealth literacy, vaccination knowledge, vaccination willingness and subjective health status. The primary finding of this study was that an individual’s comprehension of vaccination was a robust indicator of their inclination to receive vaccination. Moreover, eHealth literacy has an indirect effect on the propensity to get vaccinated by enhancing one’s understanding of vaccines. This study emphasises the significant role of eHealth literacy in enhancing vaccination awareness and willingness, particularly among Chinese adults with poorer health in the post-COVID-19 period. The results affirm the efficacy of employing eHealth technologies to bolster immunisation initiatives, amplify vaccine consciousness, and promote compliance. Moreover, this study emphasises the significance of additional research to assess and record the function of eHealth literacy in immunisation practices.
Optimizing process parameters to minimize wear-induced material loss in bronze-based hybrid metal matrix composites using the Taguchi method
Authors: R. Sreenivasa , B. T. Ramesh , Giri Jayant , Al-Sadoon Mohammad Khalid , Bongale Arun Kumar , Sathish T. , Banagar Ashok R.
Published: September 2024

Metal matrix composites have captured considerable interest in tribological applications, largely owing to their remarkable characteristics, which include a high strength-to-weight ratio and a low wear rate. This investigation delves into the exploration of hybrid metal matrix composites, where cobalt and chromium play the role of reinforcing agents within a bronze foundation. These composites were manufactured through a powder metallurgy process, utilizing cobalt and chromium metal powders with a particle size of 40 μm. Various weight percentage ratios (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%) were utilized to create these composite specimens. To assess their tribological performance, the composite samples were subjected to a sliding wear test using a pin on disk machine, following the ASTM G99 standards. The wear characteristics of these composites were analyzed using the Taguchi method, considering parameters such as the applied load, speed, reinforcement percentage, and sliding distance. In addition, we conducted an analysis of variance on the collected data. To analyze the wear behavior of these hybrid metal matrix composites based on bronze, we utilized both multiple linear regression analysis and a signal-to-noise ratio assessment. The results indicate that the inclusion of cobalt and chromium metal powders as reinforcement materials enhances the tribological properties of the bronze matrix material.
Bio-electrosprayed bovine sperm remain viable and fertilize oocytes
Authors: Fouladi-Nashta Ali A. , Ghafari Fataneh , Maalouf Walid E. , Werling Natalie J. , Jayasinghe Suwan N.
Published: September 2024

Since the discovery of bio-electrosprays, the technology has undergone a rigorous developmental program, which saw the technology exposing to well over 600 cell types ranging from primary, immortalized including stem cells to whole fertilized embryos. Those studies interrogated the post-treated cells in comparison to control cells (cells not exposed to bio-electrosprays) through both well-established clinical read outs (flow cytometry, karyotypic, and gene microarray studies) and biological assays, demonstrating the ability of bio-electrosprays to directly and safely handle the most advanced and complex materials known to humankind, namely, living cells. Since our previous work demonstrated bio-electrospray's ability to jet both human sperm and whole fertilized embryos without damaging them, from a molecular level upward, we wished to investigate if there are any functional effects brought on to the jetted sperm's ability to fertilize oocytes. Therefore, in these investigations, we spearheaded this question by demonstrating for the first time, post-bio-electrosprayed bovine sperm remains motile and viable as assessed, to finally retain their capacity to fertilize oocytes in comparison to controls. These studies pave the way for this platform biotechnology to enter investigations for applications ranging from the development of biological models, sperm analysis/sorting, to their preservation.
A Gaussian integral that counts regular graphs
Authors: Evnin Oleg , Horinouchi Weerawit
Published: September 2024

In a recent article [Kawamoto, J. Phys. Complexity 4, 035005 (2023)], Kawamoto evoked statistical physics methods for the problem of counting graphs with a prescribed degree sequence. This treatment involved truncating a particular Taylor expansion at the first two terms, which resulted in the Bender-Canfield estimate for the graph counts. This is surprisingly successful since the Bender-Canfield formula is asymptotically accurate for large graphs, while the series truncation does not a priori suggest a similar level of accuracy. We upgrade this treatment in three directions. First, we derive an exact formula for counting d-regular graphs in terms of a d-dimensional Gaussian integral. Second, we show how to convert this formula into an integral representation for the generating function of d-regular graph counts. Third, we perform explicit saddle point analysis for large graph sizes and identify the saddle point configurations responsible for graph count estimates. In these saddle point configurations, only two of the integration variables condense to significant values, while the remaining ones approach zero for large graphs. This provides an underlying picture that justifies Kawamoto’s earlier findings.
Active damping for acoustic levitation in air
Authors: Bos Vincent , Wesselingh Jasper , Verbiest Gerard J. , Steeneken Peter G.
Published: September 2024

Acoustic levitation is an attractive and versatile technique that offers several advantages in terms of particle size, range, reconfigurability, and ease of use with respect to alternative levitating techniques. In this paper, we study the use of active damping to improve the response time and positioning precision of an acoustic levitator operating in air. We use a laser Doppler vibrometer to measure the velocity of a levitated particle. Using this information, a control algorithm is designed and implemented to provide active damping. By system identification and modeling, we demonstrate that the active damper mechanism is well-predictable by models and can be electronically reconfigured and controlled.
Phase retrieval for refraction-enhanced x-ray radiography using a deep neural network
Authors: Jiang S. , Landen O. L. , Whitley H. D. , Hamel S. , London R. A. , Sterne P. , Hansen S. B. , Hu S. X. , Collins G. W. , Ping Y.
Published: September 2024

X-ray refraction-enhanced radiography (RER) or phase contrast imaging is widely used to study internal discontinuities within materials. The resulting radiograph captures both the decrease in intensity caused by material absorption along the x-ray path, as well as the phase shift, which is highly sensitive to gradients in density. A significant challenge lies in effectively analyzing the radiographs to decouple the intensity and phase information and accurately ascertain the density profile. Conventional algorithms often yield ambiguous and unrealistic results due to difficulties in including physical constraints and other relevant information. We have developed an algorithm that uses a deep neural network to address these issues and applied it to extract the detailed density profile from an experimental RER. To generalize the applicability of our algorithm, we have developed a technique that quantitatively evaluates the complexity of the phase retrieval process based on the characteristics of the sample and the configuration of the experiment. Accordingly, this evaluation aids in the selection of the neural network architecture for each specific case. Beyond RER, the model has potential applications for other diagnostics where phase retrieval analysis is required.
Internal measurements of electromagnetic geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) in EAST plasmas
Authors: Wang Y. H. , Ding W. X. , Zhou C. , Liu A. D. , Feng X. , Lian H. , Liu H. Q. , Chu Y. Q. , Brower D. L. , Mao W. Z. , Xie J. L. , Gao L. T. , Zhu R. J. , Zhong X. M. , Ren H. J. , Chen Z. , Shi W. X. , Wang S. F.
Published: September 2024

Velocity, density, and magnetic fluctuations of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) have been measured using the Doppler backscattering system, Faraday-effect polarimeter-interferometer, and external pick-up coils in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. Simultaneous measurements of density and velocity fluctuations at the midplane and top of plasmas demonstrate that m = 1 density fluctuations are quantitatively balanced by the compression of perpendicular flow fluctuations. Furthermore, internal magnetic fluctuations associated with GAM have now been directly measured by laser-based Faraday-effect polarimetry for the first time. Line-averaged magnetic fluctuations (up to 16 Gauss, B̃¯R,GAMBT∼0.066%) are significantly larger than those extrapolated from edge coils (a few Gauss) and that magnetic fluctuations increase with β. The observed discrepancy between finite β theory and experimental data indicates the need for further theoretical investigations.
Simultaneous generation of bandwidth-enhanced and time-delay signature-suppressed chaotic laser by microring resonator
Authors: Wei Xiaojing , Qiao Lijun , Guo Zhiyong , Zhang Mingjiang
Published: September 2024

A method for generating bandwidth-enhanced chaotic laser with time-delay signature suppression by a microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Through multiple beam interference effect and nonlinear effect within a microring resonator, chaotic laser generated by conventional optical feedback is optimized. A chaotic laser with the standard bandwidth of 26.5 GHz, the spectrum flatness of ±1.5 dB, and the time-delay signature value of 0.09 is obtained. The influence of the injection power and the frequency detuning on the optimized characteristics of chaotic laser are analyzed. The results show that chaotic laser with the standard bandwidth above 20 GHz and the spectrum flatness below ±3.5 dB can be achieved simultaneously in wide operating parameter regions. Furthermore, the effect of the radius of a microring resonator on the characteristics of the chaotic laser is investigated. The results show that a microring resonator can realize the performance optimization of chaotic laser. Due to the decreased loss, the time-delay signature suppression is better as the radius of a microring resonator increases. This scheme is simple and integration-compatible, which contributes to the development of an integrated, time-delay signature suppressed and broadband chaotic laser sources.
Efficient method for twist-averaged coupled cluster calculation of gap energy: Bulk study of stannic oxide
Authors: Shaban Tameh Maliheh , Gladfelter Wayne L. , Goodpaster Jason D.
Published: September 2024

We study the gap energy of the semiconducting oxide SnO2 through ab initio calculations including both density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster methods. The effectiveness of twist averaging in reducing finite-size errors is evaluated across different functionals. We report an overestimation of gap energy when applying finite-size scaling to reach the thermodynamic limit in equation-of-motion (EOM) CCSD calculations. To mitigate one-body and many-body errors, we integrate twist averaging with a post-processing correction mechanism that compares finite-size and infinite-size DFT calculations using hybrid functionals. While inspired by the Kwee, Zhang, and Krakauer approach, our method is specifically tailored to hybrid functionals for a more accurate treatment of exchange-correlation effects. Our approach ensures that the many-body interactions are accurately captured in the estimated gap for an infinite system. We introduce unique single twist angles that provide cost-effective and accurate energies compared to to full twist averaging in EOM-CCSD calculations. Applying this approach to SnO2, we calculate a fundamental gap of 3.46 eV, which closely matches the 3.59 eV gap obtained from two-photon spectroscopy experiments, demonstrating the accuracy of this method.
Establishing criteria for the transition from kinetic to fluid modeling in hollow cathode analysis
Authors: Villafana W. , Powis A. T. , Sharma S. , Kaganovich I. D. , Khrabrov A. V.
Published: September 2024

Hollow cathodes for plasma switch applications are investigated via 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of the channel and plume region. The kinetic nature of the plasma within the channel is dependent on the thermalization rate of electrons, emitted from the insert. When Coulomb collisions occur at a much greater rate than ionization or excitation collisions, the electron energy distribution function rapidly relaxes to a Maxwellian and the plasma within the channel can be described accurately via a fluid model. In contrast, if inelastic processes are much faster than Coulomb collisions, then the electron energy distribution function in the channel exhibits a notable high-energy tail, and a kinetic treatment is required. This criterion is applied to hollow cathodes from the literature, revealing that a fluid approach is suitable for most electric propulsion applications, whereas a kinetic treatment can be more critical to accurate modeling of plasma switches.
Laser propulsion of microsphere in water using tapered fiber-induced shock wave
Authors: Ge Yang , Zhou Gaoqian , Yang Xulong , Chen Ying , Tang Xianqi , Li Hangyang
Published: September 2024

The driving experiment of SiO2 microspheres in a water environment was carried out by using tapered fiber microstructures to transmit short pulse lasers. The fiber microstructure can generate plasma and spherical shock waves to drive SiO2 microspheres. Through theoretical simulation, the propagation characteristics of shock waves and the dynamic characteristics of microspheres were studied. In the experiment, a high-speed COMS camera was used to capture the images of shock wave diffusion and microsphere motion. A linear relationship between the driving behavior of microspheres and the laser energy distribution is observed. The driving behavior of microspheres is attributed to the resultant force caused by spherical shock wave diffusion. We find that the initial driving velocity approximately follows the inverse quadratic function of the radius ratio of the spherical wave, which is consistent with the experimental results. Compared with the traditional technology, this method has the advantages of directional stability, good security, anti-interference, and so on. It can be used for stable directional driving of micron objects in a water environment.
Flow analysis in a 37-pin wire-wrapped rod bundle for sodium-cooled fast reactor using magnetic resonance velocimetry. II. Detailed characterization and influence of wire angular position
Authors: Im Chaehyuk , Seo Kyongwon , Cho Jee-Hyun , Jang Ilhoon , Song Simon
Published: September 2024

In Paper I, we presented comprehensive three-dimensional, three-component (3D, 3C) mean velocity profiles obtained through magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) within a 37-pin wire-wrapped rod bundle, elucidating the primary flow dynamics in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Building on this foundation, in this paper, we meticulously examine transverse velocity, helicity, and streamlines around rods, focusing particularly on the wake region of the wire within interior and edge subchannels. Our analysis uncovers a repetitive vortex evolution pattern in the wake, characterized by vortices forming, growing, weakening, and dissipating at 60° intervals of wire angular position. Furthermore, we highlight the significant variation in the azimuthal velocity component near the wire's wake, elucidating the dominant influence of wire orientation. Additionally, we identify the periodicity of flow split factor variations, demonstrating their dependence on wire orientation in interior subchannels and the prevailing impact of edge swirling in edge subchannels. Overall, our quantitatively derived experimental results provide valuable insights into flow patterns within the rod bundle, offering essential information for optimizing reactor design and analysis.
Regulative electronic structure of metallic Co3Mo3N/Co heterointerfaces in mesoporous carbon for decreased alkaline HER energy barriers
Authors: Lian You , Lin Cheng , Yu Ting , Qu Yaohui , Yuan Cailei , Guo Manman
Published: September 2024

Hetero-interface regulation for space charge transfer is an effective strategy to achieve high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. We have constructed heterostructured Co3Mo3N/Co particles confined in porous N-doped carbon (Co3Mo3N/Co@PNC) to decrease alkaline HER energy barrier, and the synergistic mechanisms of Co3Mo3N and metal Co were identified by experiments and theoretical calculations. The heterostructure induces charge transfer from Co to Co3Mo3N at the interface, which results in increased electron density on the Co3Mo3N part, enriched and enhanced active sites, and balanced adsorption-free energy of H2O dissociation and *H intermediates. As expected, Co3Mo3N/Co@PNC showed remarkable HER activity with a low HER overpotential of only 67 mV and the extremely lower Tafel slope of 43.1 mV dec−1, which can compete with the most of recently reported catalysts. What is more, the excellent stability of Co3Mo3N/Co@PNC over 20 h was superior to Pt/C, verifying great industrial prospects to replace nobel-metal-based catalysts for efficient energy conversion.
Amplification of acoustic orbital angular momentum from non-absorbent impellers
Authors: Liu Lianyun , Chu Zhigang
Published: September 2024

Zeldovich amplification of classic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a rotating absorber is an extension of Penrose superradiance from a rotating black hole. The demonstration of Zeldovich amplification in recently published experiments showed the possibility of extracting energy from a spinning black hole or a rotating absorber. However, it remains unclear whether extracting energy from non-absorbent bodies is possible. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the amplification of acoustic OAM from rotating impellers made of non-absorbent materials. We develop a multichannel least-mean-square algorithm to emit high-charge acoustic OAM beams into three types of impellers. The acoustic gains (more than 20 dB) have been measured by both a static microphone and a microphone array working as a virtual rotating receiver. The results indicate that the acoustic gain from the impeller with a large windward area is much higher than the ones with a small area. Our work is worthwhile in proposing the experimental method to study the phenomenon of acoustic OAM amplification and showing prospects in industrial applications such as amplifying acoustic signals by commonly used impellers. Our work also discusses a possible way of extracting energy from non-absorbent celestial systems, such as the orbiting planets of the Solar system, which are much less absorbent to light but much closer to the Earth than a black hole.
Numerical study on passive flow and noise control for flow past cylinder by porous media coatings
Authors: Zhang Chen-Yu , Xiong Xiao-hui , Chen Guang , Li Xiao-bai , Wang Jia-bin , Wang Han-feng
Published: September 2024

The present study investigates the flow around a uniform porous-coated cylinder under subcritical flow state (Re=5×104) through numerical analysis to explore the influence of porous media parameters on the wake flow and radiated noise of cylinders. A numerical approach that integrates large eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings acoustic analog method is employed and validated through comparison with existing experimental and numerical data. The research shows that the application of porous media not only significantly alters the flow pattern behind the cylinder, stabilizes the boundary layer separation from the cylinder surface, widens the wake width, and reduces the pressure fluctuations on the cylinder surface, but effectively suppresses vortex shedding in the wake region and enhances the base pressure on the leeward side, thereby reducing the drag coefficient and shedding frequency of the cylinder, which achieves the effects of drag reduction and noise mitigation. The present study found that when the covering angle on the leeward side of the cylinder was 300° and the coating thickness was 16 mm, the average drag coefficient decreased by 36.27% and the aerodynamic noise by 74.91%. Furthermore, when the permeability was 1.5×10−5 m2, the average drag coefficient decreased by 45.78% and the aerodynamic noise by 73.79%. Additionally, the comparative analyses of the overall sound pressure level show that though applying porous media does not alter the radiation mode of noise, it can reduce the sound source intensity. This study is expected to provide useful information for the flow and noise control of high-speed train pantograph structures.
Numerical analysis of ice-breaking effects induced by two interacting bubbles using the coupled boundary element method and peridynamics model
Authors: Kan Xingyu , Wang Jingzhu , Yan Jiale , Wang Chang , Wang Yiwei
Published: September 2024

In this study, a fluid–structure interaction model is developed using the bond-based peridynamics (PD) combined with the boundary element method (BEM) to investigate the crack evolution and failure processes in ice under bubble-induced hydrodynamic loads. Two bubbles are generated simultaneously, positioned horizontally beneath the ice structure. The validity of the coupled BEM-PD model is established through comparisons between the observed bubble dynamic and damage modes with the experimental results. The study reveals that the interaction of the bubbles with the ice leads to complex crack propagation patterns and varying load characteristics. Furthermore, various non-dimensional inter-bubble distances γbb and bubble-ice distances γbi critically influence the characteristics of bubble-induced loads and crack patterns. Larger inter-bubble distances result in independent bubble actions and energy dispersion, while closer proximities intensify interactions and promote crack branching. Closer bubble-ice distances yield higher pressure peaks, while larger distances reduce them. As γbi increases, the pressure peak at the measurement points decreases. When γbi is less than 4.0, it significantly affects the pressure peak, but beyond 4.0, the influence of γbb on the pressure peak gradually diminishes. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing bubble-induced ice-breaking techniques, highlighting the critical role of bubble positioning and spacing in achieving efficient ice fracture.
Thermally driven resistive switching in a charge density wave compound
Authors: Nagaraja Malathi , Anagha Ullattuparambil , Subhankar Saswat , Kini Rajeev N.
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the nonlinear transport phenomena exhibited by the telephone number compound Sr14Cu24O41 (SCO), shedding light on the underlying mechanisms driving resistive switching behavior. Through a comprehensive investigation utilizing various measurement techniques, including continuous and pulsed I–V sweeps, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and numerical simulations, we unravel the intricate interplay between charge density wave (CDW) dynamics and Joule heating. Our findings reveal that while CDW-related effects contribute to the nonlinear conductivity observed in SCO at moderate electric fields, Joule heating emerges as the primary driving force behind the observed negative differential resistance and hysteresis at high electric fields/current densities. This conclusion is corroborated by the disappearance of nonlinear behavior under pulsed excitation, as well as the agreement between the numerical simulations and the experimental observations. Simulations underscore the pivotal role of Joule heating in inducing resistive switching. These insights deepen our understanding of the complex interplay between CDW physics and thermal effects in correlated electron systems, offering avenues for the design and optimization of functional electronic devices.
The electrical characteristic and trapping effect of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Fe and Fe/C co-doped GaN buffer layer
Authors: Su Xuan , Yang Ling , Zhang Meng , Zhu Qing , Gao Wenze , Zhao Wei , Yu Qian , Chang Qingyuan , Lu Hao , Shi Chunzhou , Hou Bin , Wu Mei , Wu Sheng , Qiu Gang , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: September 2024

In this work, the influence of the Fe and Fe/C co-doped buffer on the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is systematically investigated and compared. Due to the pronounced Fe tail in the unintentionally doped layer of the Fe-doped buffer compared to the Fe/C co-doped buffer, and the utilization of a two-step C doping process in the Fe/C co-doped buffer, it results in effectively reducing leakage current and increasing breakdown voltage without sacrificing saturation current and peak transconductance. Meanwhile, the RF characteristics of the Fe/C co-doped buffer are also superior to the Fe-doped buffer. More importantly, Drain Transient Current measurements indicate that the current collapse in the Fe/C co-doped buffer is smaller than that in the Fe-doped buffer. Through simulation analysis, the reason was identified: In the near-channel region, the weaker Fe tail effect in Fe/C co-doped buffer leads to a lower acceptor trap ionization. When the concentration of C exceeds 1 × 1016 cm−3, the ionization of traps introduced by Fe is suppressed. Additionally, the two-step C impurity distribution in the Fe/C co-doped buffer design modulates the electric field and potential, reducing the effective range of the electric field and potential, thereby effectively reducing the trap effects. These results are highly meaningful for the design of high-power amplifier epitaxial structures.