bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia’s Nationalists Flirt with Democracy
Authors: Kolstø Pål
Published: July 2014

In the 1990s, the concept of democracy was thoroughly discredited in Russia. It is therefore surprising to find positive assessments of democracy in recent Russian political discourse in an unexpected place: among anti-regime professed nationalists. The most well-known exponent of this is Alexei Navalny, but he represents a broader current. The article surveys the larger landscape within which “the Navalny phenomenon” unfolds, and assesses its inner coherence and possible inconsistencies. The negative reactions of most national democrats to the annexation of Crimea in March show that Putin has not been able to win them over by playing the nationalist card.
Performing Modernity in Korea: The Dance of Ch’oe Sŭng-hŭi
Authors: Van Zile Judy
Published: July 2014

Rooted in British sociologist Anthony Giddens’s description of modernity as a historical and cultural space that is “in various key respects discontinuous with the gamut of premodern cultures and ways of life,” this study seeks to contextualize Ch’oe Sŭng-hŭi’s life and legacy in relation to evolving ideas of modernity. Here I continue my concern with Ch’oe’s actual dancing. I first lay a foundation for moving forward by summarizing related previous findings. I then look at Ch’oe’s emerging aesthetic philosophy and artistic development in relation to modernity as it was becoming defined in dance in Japan, Korea, and elsewhere. I conclude that it was the diverse philosophies underlying the kinds of dance with which Ch’oe became engaged that in effect gave her permission to develop artistically in the way she did, and that allowed for her changing embodiment of Korean modernity during the 1920s and 1930s.
The Korean Valentino: Jin Yan (Kim Yŏm), Sino-Korean Unity, and Shanghai Films of the 1930s
Authors: Chung Hye Seung
Published: July 2014

This essay examines the involvement of Korean-born ethnic star Kim Yŏm (Chinese name: Jin Yan) in Shanghai’s left-wing, resistance film movement during the 1930s. In addition to reading Kim’s persona as an ideal screen embodiment of “athletic, modern youth,” which was being promoted by the official screen policy during the Nanjing decade (1927–1937), the author offers a close analytical interpretation of director Sun Yu’s masterpiece The Big Road ( Da Lu , 1934). In this film, Kim plays a revolutionary martyr who leads a group of construction workers building new roads for the Chinese army resisting the invasion of Japanese imperialists. Employing a transnational star studies paradigm, the author interprets The Big Road as an allegory of Sino-Korean unity, one that was founded upon a common resistance against the Japanese Empire at the time of the film’s release.
The “New Woman” and the Topography of Modernity in Colonial Korea
Authors: Suh Jiyoung
Published: July 2014

This article intends to illustrate gender roles as related to modernity in colonial Korea by focusing on the birth of the “New Woman” and its historical location. The New Woman appeared as a new female icon all over the world in the early twentieth century and implanted a new female identity produced by the introduction of modern, Western ideas in Korea. However, the embodiment of the New Woman in Korea shows historical variation from the prototype of a more global New Woman. Furthermore, in colonial Korea New Women did not present a singular, fixed collective identity but included diverse layers of female subjectivities. Specifically, with the flow of time, the representation of New Women shows the process of refraction and implosion of “New Woman” images, each having different connotations. This article traces the discursive transformation of the “New Woman” in mass media (mainly newspapers and magazines) from the 1900s to the 1940s, and its significant associations with the relationship of gender and modernity in colonial Korea. It also elucidates what it meant to be a New Woman historically in Korea.
In Quest of Modern Womanhood: Sinyŏja , A Feminist Journal in Colonial Korea
Authors: Kim Yung-Hee
Published: July 2014

This article appraises the impact and significance of Sinyŏja (New Woman; 1920), the first feminist journal published in Korea after the March 1, 1919, movement, in the development of discourses on the “Woman Question” in colonial Korea. Created and managed by women—with the pioneering feminist writer Kim Wŏn-ju (1896–1971) as its editor and centrifugal force—the journal provided a public platform exclusively for women, who publicized feminist ideas, criticism, and visions. The journal’s major goals included: women’s awakening, empowerment, and self-realization through education; stimulation of women’s socio-cultural and historical consciousness; reform of oppressive Confucian patriarchal familial and marital institutions; and, ultimately, gender equality. This study traces the journal’s trajectories, focusing on its prime movers, editorials, articles, and short stories. In the end, this article sheds light on Sinyŏja ’s contribution to authenticating modern Korean women’s mass media engagement as well as legitimizing their feminist aspirations for socio-cultural intervention and subversion, which was rarely duplicated in colonial Korean journalistic history.
School Textbooks: An Instance of Modernity Refracted by Colonialism and Tradition
Authors: Lee Gilsang
Published: July 2014

This study examines a home economics textbook ( Kajŏng tokpon ) written by Lee Man-gyu, an educator of the colonial period, highly respected in both South and North Korea and occupying a prominent place in the history of Korean education. The study focuses on how nationalism and progressiveness, the two main qualities that make up his reputation, express themselves in a school textbook written for girls. The examination of the textbook showed that his views were not always nationalist or progressive. I argue that the reasons for such ambivalence are his partial acceptance of values promoted by the colonial power or compromise with colonialism, on the one hand, and his rigid and reactionary views on gender roles, on the other. This article attempts to bring to light the limitations in existing ways of understanding the colonial history of Korea, dominated by binary thinking, whether it is imperialist oppression vs. resistance, colonial exploitation vs. traditional native culture. On the other hand, it also points to the validity of new approaches proposed in recent years, such as multiple modernities, varieties of modernity, or modernity as change. There is no way to paint a portrait of colonial Korea—a period during which colonialism, modernity, nationalism, Western influence, and traditionalism came together, at times clashing, at other times, intermingling with one another—in black and white. Lee Man-gyu’s Kajŏng tokpon is precisely a book born out of such a dynamically evolving period, torn between manifold impulses and influences.
Understanding How Universal Vouchers Have Impacted Urban School Districts’ Enrollment in Chile
Authors: Portales Jaime , Vasquez Heilig Julian
Published: July 2014

Findings from this study show that educational and mobility opportunities for families and students participating in the Chilean voucher system are not homogenously distributed. Some families and students use and benefit from the system, while others will remain marginalized. The quantitative results in this study demonstrate that students of relatively higher SES living in mid-high or mid-low poverty districts receive the benefit from vouchers. These students may move from one public school to another, from a public school to private-voucher school in the same area, from one district to another, or from a public school in an area to a private-voucher school in another district. Meanwhile, low-income counterparts living in high-poverty areas are excluded from the system and tend to remain at their public neighborhood school.
In vitro effects of doxorubicin and deracoxib on oxidative-stress-related parameters in canine mammary carcinoma cells
Authors: Üstün Alkan Fulya , Bakirel Tülay , Üstüner Oya , Yardibi Hasret
Published: July 2014

The present study evaluated the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and deracoxib (DER), as single agents and in combination treatments, on antioxidant parameters in the canine mammary carcinoma cell line CMT-U27. The cells were exposed to DOX and DER for 24, 48 and 72 h. The viability and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and total glutathione (GSH) activities of CMT-U27 cells were determined. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DOX was found to be ∼0.9 μM in the 72-h period. IC50and 1/10 IC50concentrations of DOX were combined with all concentrations of DER (50–1000 μM) in the combination experiments. The results showed increased oxidative status associated with significant decreases of CAT and GSH levels in CMT-U27 cells exposed to 10-μM and higher concentrations of DOX compared to control cells. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the groups tested with any of the concentrations of DER (50–1000 μM). In combination treatments, DER attenuated DOX-induced oxidative damage by modulating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components in CMT-U27 cells. We suggest that the combination of DOX and DER can be beneficial in the treatment of cancer cells by increasing cellular responses to oxidative stress. In conclusion, the use of COX inhibitor in conjunction with a chemotherapeutic agent may provide a basis for new concepts of cancer treatment through systematic modulation of the antioxidant defence systems in mammary cancers of animals.
Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and soft cheese by a redox potential measurement based method combined with real-time PCR
Authors: Erdősi Orsolya , Szakmár Katalin , Reichart Olivér , Szili Zsuzsanna , László Noémi , Székely Körmöczy Péter , Laczay Péter
Published: July 2014

The incidence of outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis has indicated the need for a reliable and rapid detection of the microbe in different foodstuffs. A method combining redox potential measurement and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect Listeria monocytogenes in artificially contaminated raw milk and soft cheese. Food samples of 25 g or 25 ml were homogenised in 225 ml of Listeria Enrichment Broth (LEB) with Oxford supplement, and the redox potential measurement technique was applied. For Listeria species the measuring time was maximum 34 h. The absence of L. monocytogenes could reliably be proven by the redox potential measurement method, but Listeria innocua and Bacillus subtilis could not be differentiated from L. monocytogenes on the basis of the redox curves. The presence of L. monocytogenes had to be confirmed by real-time PCR. The combination of these two methods proved to detect < 10 cfu/g of L. monocytogenes in a cost- and time-effective manner. This method can potentially be used as an alternative to the standard nutrient method for the rapid detection of L. monocytogenes in food.
Viability and discrimination of avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thrombocytes intended for improvement of wound healing in birds
Authors: Mudroňová Dagmar , Kožár Martin , Molnár Ladislav , Trbolová Alexandra
Published: July 2014

Birds often suffer from skin injuries of different aetiology. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is successfully used for improvement of wound healing in humans and in some mammalian species (e.g. horses, dogs and cats), but experience with its application in avian patients has not yet been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test a quick method for the counting of isolated avian platelets and mononuclear leukocytes and to find an appropriate carrier for their application to the wounds of birds. It seems that flow cytometry can be used for the quick counting of isolated cells and the discrimination of thrombocytes, lymphocytes and eventually monocytes or debris. Of the tested gels and sponges routinely used for improvement of wound healing, a gelatin sponge (Gelaspon®) providing the highest numbers and viability of isolated cells proved to be the best carrier.
A new operative technique for aural haematoma in dogs: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Győrffy András , Szijártó Attila
Published: July 2014

Aural haematoma is treated either by surgical or by conservative treatment. Both techniques usually require several interventions and re-checks. A new operation technique has been evaluated that requires only a single procedure but is as effective as the techniques used previously. The haematoma is opened, cleaned surgically and the two layers of the auricular cartilage are appositioned inside with several suture lines placed on both sides of the incision, alternating the sides approaching to the sagittal cavity. None of the suture lines is stitched through the auricle completely as they all run intradermally on the side of the haematoma and to the cartilage on the other side. Twenty-three dogs with aural haematoma were treated between 2006 and 2012. In 21 (91%) of them, the haematoma healed without any auricle deformity. No secondary intervention was necessary in any of the cases. None of the 23 animals experienced a relapse during follow-up. The new method offers a minor risk of postoperative complications while accomplishing high healing rates.
The 'Old Serbia' bank
Authors: Becić Ivan
Published: July 2014

The economic bank of Prizren, Peć, Priština, Uroševac, Vučitrn, Gnjilane and South-Serbian bank from Mitrovica established The Financial Institute so called 'Old Serbia' in Skopje in 1923. The economic life of all the founders' towns tended towards Skopje, so it was reasonable that banks' financial interests had a decisive role on foundation of this institute. The banks were able to found independently from each other their own branches in Skopje, or to work with already existing institutes in Skopje. But from the very early age, initiated by the banks from Peć and Prizren, they realized all the advantages that the own economic institute provided and thus would operate all the bank-business operations and represent their interests on the market of Skopje. That bank was often considered to be a holding bank, but it was wrongly understood, because it didn't have the shares of seven banks in its portfolio. On the contrary, at the beginning there were six, and then seven banks that founded and later overtook the shares of the Bank and thus became its owners. The Bank had worked successfully until the appearance of banking crisis in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1931. It enlarged its capital constantly providing the profit. All the bank founders had benefits of successful business dealing, while South-Serbian bank' business was normalized with the intervention of 'Old Serbia'. The reputation and safety of the bank's making business made it possible for it to successfully cope with all problems caused by the financial crisis and to become one of few private financial institutes in Yugoslavia that could make business without any losses.
Lexicology of pigeon fanciers from Ugljare village near Priština
Authors: Jašović Golub
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with pigeon fancier's lexicology and terminology used in Ugljare village which is situated on the right bank of Prištevka River, in the area between Kosovo Polje and Priština. Terminology and lexics of pigeon fanciers were recorded after the Kosovo and Metohija occupation in 1999. Research materials were mainly collected from local pigeon fanciers. Certain amount of the answers was collected with the use of questionnaires specifically made for this research. We have also conducted lexical, semantical and pronunciation analyses of the recorded materials. A dictionary of registered names has also been made. Materials were classified within nine semantical groups. Dictionary contains one hundred and thirty units.
Sacrifice and self-sacrifice of Prince Lazar in the national epic from Christian and pagan aspects
Authors: Bojanić-Ćirković Mirjana
Published: July 2014

This paper approaches the motives of sacrifice and self-sacrifice of Prince Lazar as a key to the construction of this epic character. At the beginning, consulting dictionaries and previous research, we determine the terminology and concepts of sacrifice self-sacrifice. Approaching the analysis of these motifs in the epic poems and accepting attitudes about their developmental line that ranges from medieval to folk literature, first search for Christian self-sacrifice. In the final part of the paper we provide a synthesis of Christian and pagan influence on the shaping of Lazarus motif of sacrifice and self-sacrifice with an emphasis on their share, hierarchy and function.
Connection between dimensions of partner affective attachment and the global self-esteem
Authors: Zubić Ivana , Ranđelović Dušan , Todorović Dušan
Published: July 2014

The research refers to a possible link between the dimensions of partner affective attachment (avoidance and anxiety), operationalized by questionnaire PAV, and the global self-esteem measured by The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Research was conducted on a sample of 120 students of the University of Nis. Results show the statistically significant low negative correlation between global self-esteem and dimension avoidance, and the statistically significant medium negative correlation between global self-esteem and dimension anxiety. The results also show that respondents with secure attachment pattern and dismissing pattern (positive inner working model of self) have a higher degree of global self-esteem than respondents with disorganized pattern and preoccupied pattern (negative inner working model of self). .
Infotainment in the central informative TV programs of national broadcasters
Authors: Nešić Dejana
Published: July 2014

The main aim of this research is to determine the presence of infotainment elements as well as differences in the amount of their participation in the top news programs of the Public Service in Serbia: Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) and two commercial televisions, Pink, being the most watched private television, and Television B92. 'Infotainment ' is an English compound word which denotes a phenomenon related to the television. This media phenomenon is not a new one, but it has experienced its massive breakthrough into the media content in the market competition. It was created with the intention of making the news program more popular in order to entice advertisers who pay for advertising time and on whom commercial televisions depend. The methods which were used in the research are qualitative (a discourse analysis) and quantitative (a content analysis). The analysis of the data showed that there is a difference in news program of RTS, mostly in relation to TV Pink in terms of infotainment, and to some extent in relation to TV B92. In addition to the importance of the research that should show the state of the newscast on the Serbian national television, this paper also provides a theoretical contribution to the understanding of the infotainment problem.
Mural-graffiti as a way of national self-preservation:…because there is no way back!: Serbian Gernika
Authors: Đorđević Radomir
Published: July 2014

Main theme in this paper are mural graffiti as specific group of graffiti which emerges in last decade of 20th century and which remain to this day. Author deals with their theoretical research and generalization, in order to pay attention towards domestic mural - graffitism in further elaboration. A specific movement in domestic mural - graffitism originates in the northern part of the city of Kosovska Mitrovica which is designated by author as national-cohesive. It is based on mural-graffiti which is known by sentence written in the upper part of picture: 'jer, odavde nema nazad!' ('..because there is no way back!'). This mural-graffiti express all of the dilemmas of the Serbs in the northern part of Kosovo and Metohia, and it originated as the result of desperate aspirations to save the Serbian part of the city of Kosovska Mitrovica, but as well the wider territory, from Albanian (Shqiptar) territorial pretensions and secessionism from the Serbian state. Greater (southern) part of the city of Kosovska Mitrovica hold Albanian population. With its text and message this graffiti could be only compared with only one masterpiece in Europe - 'Gernika' that was painted by Spanish artist Picasso. Hence, author theoretically and competently explicate, believing that mural - graffiti in Kosovska Mitrovica, according to many factors, has that particularly value which has 'Gernika' for the Europe and the World. While 'Gernika' express global protest in order not to repeat the suffering of innocent civils in a war, thus 'Serbian Gernika' reflexes in itself 'roar and cry', strength and dedication of one part of the Serbian people to remain on theirs homeland, no matter how can that be hazardous for them. In days that will come and in days that preceded to the, so called 'Bruxelles Agreement' (in according to, Serbian population must fall under the jurisdiction of the self-proclaimed 'establishment of Republic of Kosovo'), this kind of message and picture on the wall could be determined and fatal for the Serbian people. Question is, whether the Serbs in Kosovska Mitrovica obey their 'oath' on the wall? From their answer in great degree depends and their destiny to come.
Open issues in psychiatric nosology: A conceptual framework of the American classification of mental disorders (DSM)
Authors: Jović Vladimir
Published: July 2014

New, Fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM -5) , was published In May 2013, by the American Psychiatric Association, which was expected to bring a new paradigm shift in the understanding of mental disorders. This document in its main presumptions did not depart significantly from the Third edition in 1980. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the conceptual framework of this classification, elements of which could be enlisted as following: mental disorders are conceptualized as a diseases by the biomedical model , and as such they are clearly separated from the 'healthy' mental functioning; they are the consequence of a pathological processes in the structure and functioning of the brain, and manifested by clusters of symptoms and signs of disease which are assumed to have a specific etiology. This paper provides an overview of the current discussions and criticism of this paradigm that is currently dominant in academic psychiatry .
Clinical review of object relations theory
Authors: Todorović Milorad
Published: July 2014

The theory of object relations was created as an attempt to explain the phenomena observed during the treatment of very disturbed patients who have had so much difficulty in maintaining connections with people and with the reality that they referred to the fundamental forms of pathology, not just the bad adjustment. Theory of object relations, developed in clinical conditions, can verify and confirm its foundation only in practice, that is, as praxis. This paper shows two cases of serious pathology - borderline pathology - and the context of these cases is moved to the foreground confirming theoretical positions. More precisely, the focus is on the overall development of pathology and pathology in it. More precisely, Relationship that patients have towards objects indicates, among other things, that there is connection with actual events from the childhood, primarily those relating to the acts of a mother without empathy and the subsequent relationship to other objects, and that connection, it seems, in these cases empirically confirms the validity of theory of relations to objects. Since the theory of object relations is still not in work program of psychology of personality, here we can talk about foremost importance of the object connection to structuring, and then presents the cases which can be subjected to screening procedures. These cases have clearly demonstrated that the development and pathology reflect the same continuum.
The precariat: A new social group in the global society
Authors: Golenkova Zinaida , Goliusova Julija
Published: July 2014

The instability of social and labor relations has attained enormous proportions in both modern developed countries and in developing societies. This phenomenon has led to the creation of a new social group in the structure of modern societies, which is called the precariat, and is characterized by the unstable situation in the labor market and by social insecurity. Instability in employment leads to emotional, psychological and social instability, which causes latent social conflict and rebellious behavior of individuals, and therefore this social group, in Western Europe, the U.S. and Japan, is considered to be a 'dangerous class'.
Spatial correlations in bed load transport: Evidence, importance, and modeling
Authors: Heyman J. , Ma H. B. , Mettra F. , Ancey C.
Published: July 2014

This article examines the spatial dynamics of bed load particles in water. We focus particularly on the fluctuations of particle activity, which is defined as the number of moving particles per unit bed length. Based on a stochastic model recently proposed by Ancey and Heyman (2014), we derive the second moment of particle activity analytically, that is, the spatial correlation functions of particle activity. From these expressions, we show that large moving particle clusters can develop spatially. Also, we provide evidence that fluctuations of particle activity are scale dependent. Two characteristic lengths emerge from the model: a saturation length ℓsat describing the length needed for a perturbation in particle activity to relax to the homogeneous solution and a correlation length ℓc describing the typical size of moving particle clusters. A dimensionless Péclet number can also be defined according to the transport model. Three different experimental data sets are used to test the theoretical results. We show that the stochastic model describes spatial patterns of particle activity well at all scales. In particular, we show that ℓc and ℓsat may be relatively large compared to typical scales encountered in bed load experiments (grain diameter, water depth, bed form wavelength, flume length, etc.) suggesting that the spatial fluctuations of particle activity have a nonnegligible impact on the average transport process.
Bitz, Ginoux, Jacobson, Nizkorodov, and Yang Receive 2013 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Response
Authors: Ginoux Paul A.
Published: July 2014

I am honored to receive the 2013 AGU Ascent Award, although it came with some surprise. If I get quickly passionate when speaking about dust, most colleagues and friends wonder with amazement how that is possible. One reason for it is the widespread interactions between dust and all parts of the Earth's system.
Bitz, Ginoux, Jacobson, Nizkorodov, and Yang Receive 2013 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Response
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z.
Published: July 2014

Thank you, Atmospheric Sciences section of AGU for bestowing this humbling honor on me. Thank you, Dr. Ramanathan, for your gracious nomination. Thank you to all my mentors, colleagues, students, special friends, parents, children, and even critics, over the years who supported my pushing the envelope to better understand the impacts of black carbon on climate and air pollution health through numerical modeling.
Observations of plasma waves in the colliding jet region of a magnetic flux rope flanked by two active X lines at the subsolar magnetopause
Authors: Øieroset M. , Sundkvist D. , Chaston C. C. , Phan T. D. , Mozer F. S. , McFadden J. P. , Angelopoulos V. , Andersson L. , Eastwood J. P.
Published: July 2014

We have performed a detailed analysis of plasma and wave observations in a magnetic flux rope encountered by the THEMIS‐D spacecraft at the subsolar magnetopause. The extent of the flux rope was ∼270 ion skin depths in the outflow direction, and it was flanked by two active X lines producing colliding plasma jets in the flux rope core where ion heating and suprathermal electrons were observed. The colliding jet region was highly dynamic and characterized by enhanced wave power in a broad frequency range. High‐frequency waves, including ion acoustic‐like waves, electron holes, and whistler mode waves, were observed in a limited spatial region near the flux rope center and did not appear to be associated with the observed large‐scale heating and energization. Low‐frequency kinetic Alfvén waves, on the other hand, were enhanced in the entire flux rope core, suggesting a possible link with the observed ion heating.
Approximate Bayesian Computation using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation: DREAM(ABC)
Authors: Sadegh Mojtaba , Vrugt Jasper A.
Published: July 2014

The quest for a more powerful method for model evaluation has inspired Vrugt and Sadegh (2013) to introduce “likelihood‐free” inference as vehicle for diagnostic model evaluation. This class of methods is also referred to as Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and relaxes the need for a residual‐based likelihood function in favor of one or multiple different summary statistics that exhibit superior diagnostic power. Here we propose several methodological improvements over commonly used ABC sampling methods to permit inference of complex system models. Our methodology entitled DREAM(ABC)uses the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm as its main building block and takes advantage of a continuous fitness function to efficiently explore the behavioral model space. Three case studies demonstrate that DREAM(ABC)is at least an order of magnitude more efficient than commonly used ABC sampling methods for more complex models. DREAM(ABC)is also more amenable to distributed, multi‐processor, implementation, a prerequisite to diagnostic inference of CPU‐intensive system models.
Assessing the value of seasonal climate forecast information through an end‐to‐end forecasting framework: Application to U.S. 2012 drought in central Illinois
Authors: Shafiee‐Jood Majid , Cai Ximing , Chen Ligang , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Kumar Praveen
Published: July 2014

This study proposes an end‐to‐end forecasting framework to incorporate operational seasonal climate forecasts to help farmers improve their decisions prior to the crop growth season, which are vulnerable to unanticipated drought conditions. The framework couples a crop growth model with a decision‐making model for rainfed agriculture and translates probabilistic seasonal forecasts into more user‐related information that can be used to support farmers' decisions on crop type and some market choices (e.g., contracts with ethanol refinery). The regional Climate‐Weather Research and Forecasting model (CWRF) driven by two operational general circulation models (GCMs) is used to provide the seasonal forecasts of weather parameters. To better assess the developed framework, CWRF is also driven by observational reanalysis data, which theoretically can be considered as the best seasonal forecast. The proposed framework is applied to the Salt Creek watershed in Illinois that experienced an extreme drought event during 2012 crop growth season. The results show that the forecasts cannot capture the 2012 drought condition in Salt Creek and therefore the suggested decisions can make farmers worse off if the suggestions are adopted. Alternatively, the optimal decisions based on reanalysis‐based CWRF forecasts, which can capture the 2012 drought conditions, make farmers better off by suggesting “no‐contract” with ethanol refineries. This study suggests that the conventional metric used for ex ante value assessment is not capable of providing meaningful information in the case of extreme drought. Also, it is observed that institutional interventions (e.g., crop insurance) highly influences farmers' decisions and, thereby, the assessment of forecast value.
In Vitro Bacterial Screening and Degradation Kinetics of a Terpolymer Ligand and Its Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Ahamed Mohamed A. Riswan , Azarudeen Raja S. , Prabu N. , Burkanudeen Abdul R.
Published: July 2014

A novel terpolymer ligand involving 2‐amino‐6‐nitro‐benzothiazole–semicarbazide–formaldehyde was synthesized in a 1:1:2 mole ratio with a dimethylformamide reaction medium at 150 ± 2°C for 6 h. The synthesized ligand was used to prepare various metal complexes with Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ metal ions. The structure of the terpolymer ligand and its complexes were confirmed based on elemental analysis, molecular weight measurements, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibilities, Fourier transform infrared, electronic, electron spin resonance, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Scanning electronic microscopy and X‐ray diffraction method were used to analyze the morphological features of the terpolymer and its metal complexes. The thermal stabilities of the terpolymer and its metal complexes were determined using thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea) and order of reaction (n), thermodynamic parameters, viz. entropy change (ΔS), free energy change (ΔF), apparent entropy (S*), and frequency factor (Z) were calculated using Sharp–Wentworth and Freeman–Carroll methods. The thermal degradation mechanism was also proposed for both the terpolymer ligand and its complexes using the Phadnis–Deshpande method. The terpolymer ligand and its complexes were screened for antibacterial activities against selected microorganisms such as Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhimurium.
One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Decarboxylative Coupling of Phenylacetic Acids with o‐Aminobenzenes and Dioxygen as the Oxidant Leading to Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Yan Kelu , Wei Wei , Tian Laijin , Shuai Yuanyuan , Li Ruixia , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: July 2014

A simple and practical copper‐catalyzed one‐pot method for the synthesis of benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives has been developed. The protocol uses inexpensive CuSO4 as the catalyst, readily available substituted phenylacetic acids and o‐aminobenzenes as the starting materials, and dioxygen as the sole oxidant. The corresponding benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles were obtained in moderate to good yields. The procedure is based on sequential copper‐catalyzed decarboxylation and aerobic cyclization reactions. This method should provide a useful strategy for the construction of heterocycles.
Local Transient Unfolding of Native State PAI‐1 Associated with Serpin Metastability
Authors: Trelle Morten B. , Madsen Jeppe B. , Andreasen Peter A. , Jørgensen Thomas J. D.
Published: July 2014

The metastability of the native fold makes serpin (serine protease inhibitor) proteins prone to pathological conformational change, often by insertion of an extra β‐strand into the central β‐sheet A. How this insertion is made possible is a hitherto unresolved question. By the use of advanced hydrogen/deuterium‐exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) it is shown that the serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) transiently unfolds under native condition, on a second‐to‐minute time scale. The unfolding regions comprise β‐strand 5A as well as the underlying hydrophobic core, including β‐strand 6B and parts of helices A, B, and C. Based thereon, a mechanism is proposed by which PAI‐1 makes transitions through progressively more unfolded states along the reaction coordinate to the inactive, so‐called latent form. Our results highlight the profound utility of HDX‐MS in detecting sparsely populated, transiently unfolded protein states.
Asymmetric Hydroxylative Phenol Dearomatization Promoted by Chiral Binaphthylic and Biphenylic Iodanes
Authors: Bosset Cyril , Coffinier Romain , Peixoto Philippe A. , El Assal Mourad , Miqueu Karinne , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Pouységu Laurent , Quideau Stéphane
Published: July 2014

The long‐standing quest for chiral hypervalent organoiodine compounds (i.e., iodanes) as metal‐free reagents for asymmetric synthesis continues. Although remarkable progress has recently been made in organoiodine‐catalyzed reactions using a terminal oxidant in stoichiometric amounts, there is still a significant need for “flaskable” chiral iodane reagents. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new iodobinaphthyls and iodobiphenyls, their successful and selective DMDO‐mediated oxidation into either λ3‐ or λ5‐iodanes, and the evaluation of their capacity to promote asymmetric hydroxylative phenol dearomatization (HPD) reactions. Most notably, a C2‐symmetrical biphenylic λ5‐iodane promoted the HPD‐induced conversion of the monoterpene thymol into the corresponding ortho‐quinol‐based [4+2] cyclodimer (i.e., bis(thymol)) with enantiomeric excesses of up to 94 %.
A Fast Deposition‐Crystallization Procedure for Highly Efficient Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Manda , Huang Fuzhi , Huang Wenchao , Dkhissi Yasmina , Zhu Ye , Etheridge Joanne , Gray‐Weale Angus , Bach Udo , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Spiccia Leone
Published: July 2014

Thin‐film photovoltaics based on alkylammonium lead iodide perovskite light absorbers have recently emerged as a promising low‐cost solar energy harvesting technology. To date, the perovskite layer in these efficient solar cells has generally been fabricated by either vapor deposition or a two‐step sequential deposition process. We report that flat, uniform thin films of this material can be deposited by a one‐step, solvent‐induced, fast crystallization method involving spin‐coating of a DMF solution of CH3NH3PbI3 followed immediately by exposure to chlorobenzene to induce crystallization. Analysis of the devices and films revealed that the perovskite films consist of large crystalline grains with sizes up to microns. Planar heterojunction solar cells constructed with these solution‐processed thin films yielded an average power conversion efficiency of 13.9±0.7 % and a steady state efficiency of 13 % under standard AM 1.5 conditions.
Catalytic 1,4‐Rhodium(III) Migration Enables 1,3‐Enynes to Function as One‐Carbon Oxidative Annulation Partners in CH Functionalizations
Authors: Burns David J. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: July 2014

1,3‐Enynes containing allylic hydrogens cis to the alkyne are shown to act as one‐carbon partners, rather than two‐carbon partners, in various rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative annulations. The mechanism of these unexpected transformations is proposed to occur through double CH activation, involving a hitherto rare example of the 1,4‐migration of a RhIII species. This phenomenon is general across a variety of substrates, and provides a diverse range of heterocyclic products.
Breath figure templated semifluorinated block copolymers with tunable surface properties and binding capabilities
Authors: Valtola Lauri , Karesoja Mikko , Tenhu Heikki , Ihalainen Petri , Sarfraz Jawad , Peltonen Jouko , Malinen Melina , Urtti Arto , Hietala Sami
Published: July 2014

Patterning of functionalized polymeric surfaces enables the adjustment of their characteristics and use in novel applications. We prepared breath figure (BF) films from three semifluorinated diblock copolymers, which all are composed of a polystyrene block and a semifluorinated one to compare their surface properties. “Click” chemistry was employed to one of the polymers, containing a poly(pentafluorostyrene) block to incorporate hydrophilic sugar or carboxylic acid moieties. The structure of the polymer alters the obtained porous morphology of the films. Contact angle (CA) analyses of the BF films reveals that the surface porosity increases water CAs compared with solvent cast films, and, in the case of hydrophobic polymers, leads to significant increase in the CAs of dodecane. The hydrophobicity of the BF films is further amplified by the removal of the topmost layer which leads in some cases to superhydrophobic surfaces. BF films containing glucose units are hydrophilic exhibiting water CAs below 90°. These glycosylated porous surfaces are shown to bind lectin Con A‐FITC or can be labelled with isothiocyanate marker. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41225.
Hydrogenation of Imines Catalyzed by Trisphosphine‐Substituted Molybdenum and Tungsten Nitrosyl Hydrides and Co‐Catalytic Acid
Authors: Chakraborty Subrata , Blacque Olivier , Fox Thomas , Berke Heinz
Published: July 2014

Hydride complexes Mo,W(CO)(NO)H(mer‐etpip) (iPr2PCH2CH2)2PPh=etpip) (2 a,b(syn), syn and anti of NO and Ph(etpip) orientions) were prepared and probed in imine hydrogenations together with co‐catalytic [H(Et2O)2][B(C6F5)4] (140 °C, 60 bar H2). 2 a,b(syn) were obtained via reduction of syn/anti‐Mo,W(NO)Cl3(mer‐etpip) and syn,anti‐Mo,W(NO)(CO)Cl(mer‐etpip). [H(Et2O)2][B(C6F5)4] in THF converted the hydrides into THF complexes syn‐[Mo,W(NO)(CO)(etpip)(THF)][B(C6F5)4]. Combinations of the p‐substituents of aryl imines p‐R1C6H4CH=N‐p‐C6H4R2 (R1,R2=H,F,Cl,OMe,α‐Np) were hydrogenated to amines (maximum initial TOFs of 1960 h−1 (2 a(syn)) and 740 h−1 (2 b(syn)) for N‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene)aniline). An ‘ionic hydrogenation’ mechanism based on linear Hammett plots (ρ=−10.5, p‐substitution on the C‐side and ρ=0.86, p‐substitution on the N‐side), iminium intermediates, linear P(H2) dependence, and DKIE=1.38 is proposed. Heterolytic splitting of H2 followed by ‘proton before hydride’ transfers are the steps in the ionic mechanism where H2 ligand addition is rate limiting.
Feasibility of reirradiation in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Bosman S J , Holman F A , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Martijn H , Creemers G-J , Rutten H J T
Published: July 2014

Background

Many patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer receive radiotherapy for the treatment of the primary tumour. It is unclear whether reirradiation is safe and effective when a local recurrence develops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and oncological outcome of reirradiation in patients with locally recurrent rectal carcinoma.

Methods

From March 1994 until December 2013, data on patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (without distant metastasis) were entered into a database. Patients were reirradiated with a reduced dose of 30 Gy and received an intraoperative electron radiotherapy boost during surgery. Morbidity associated with radiotherapy, postoperative complications and oncological outcome were evaluated.

Results

Clear margins (R0) were obtained in 75 (55·6 per cent) of the 135 patients who were reirradiated. Forty-six patients developed serious postoperative complications and the 30-day mortality rate was 4·6 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed that margin status was the main factor influencing oncological outcome (hazard ratio for overall survival 2·51 for R1 and 3·19 for R2versus R0 resection; both P < 0·001). There was no significant difference in survival between the reirradiated group and a group of 113 patients who had full-course irradiation (5-year overall survival rate 34·1 and 39·1 per cent respectively; P = 0·278). Both reirradiation and full-course irradiation were associated with better survival than no irradiation in a historical control group of 24 patients (5-year overall survival rate 23 per cent; P = 0·225 and P = 0·062).

Conclusion

Reirradiation (with concomitant chemotherapy) has few side-effects and complements radical resection of recurrent rectal cancer.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates l‐thyroxine‐induced hyperthyroidism and associated problems in rats
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Kar Anand , Panda Sunanda
Published: July 2014

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is believed to be a strong antioxidant. In this study, we have evaluated its hitherto unknown role in l‐thyroxin (L‐T4)‐induced hyperthyroidism considering laboratory rat as a model. Alterations in the serum concentration of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver, kidney, heart, muscles and brain; in the endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione and in serum total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotien, triglycerides, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and urea were evaluated. Administration of l‐T4 (500‐µg kg−1 body weight) enhanced not only the serum T3 and T4 levels but also the tissue LPO, serum SGOT, SGPT and urea with a parallel decrease in the levels of antioxidants and serum lipids. However, on simultaneous administration of PQQ (5 mg kg−1 for 6 days), all these adverse effects were ameliorated, indicating the potential of PQQ in the amelioration of hyperthyroidism and associated problems. Possibly, the curative effects were mediated through inhibition of oxidative stress. We suggest that PQQ may be considered for therapeutic use for hyperthyroidism after dose standardization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐culture of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing lipocalin 2 with HK‐2 and HEK293 cells protects the kidney cells against cisplatin‐induced injury
Authors: Halabian Raheleh , Roudkenar Mehryar Habibi , Jahanian‐Najafabadi Ali , Hosseini Kamran Mousavi , Tehrani Hossein Abdul
Published: July 2014

Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is now being used for its cytoprotective effects, especially when the cells are equipped with cytoprotective factors to strengthen them against unfavorable microenvironments. Overexpression of Lcn2 in MSCs mimics in vivo kidney injury. Hence, unraveling how Lcn2‐engineered MSCs affect kidney cells has been investigated. Cisplatin treated HK‐2 or HEK293 kidney cells were co‐cultivated with Lcn2 overexpressing MSCs in upper and lower chambers of transwell plates. Proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of growth factors and cytokines were assessed in the kidney cells. Co‐cultivation with the MSCs‐Lcn2 not only inhibited cisplatin‐induced cytotoxicity in the HK‐2 and HEK293 cells, but increased proliferation rate, prevented cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, and increased expression of growth factors and the amount of antioxidants in the kidney cells. Thus Lcn2‐engineered MSCs can ameliorate and repair injured kidney cells in vitro, which strongly suggests there are beneficial effects of the MSCs‐Lcn2 in cell therapy of kidney injury.
Abnormal Anti‐Quenching and Controllable Multi‐Transitions of Bi3+ Luminescence by Temperature in a Yellow‐Emitting LuVO4:Bi3+ Phosphor for UV‐Converted White LEDs
Authors: Kang Fengwen , Peng Mingying , Zhang Qinyuan , Qiu Jianrong
Published: July 2014

Phosphors with an efficient yellow‐emitting color play a crucial role in phosphor‐converted white LEDs (pc‐WLEDs), but popular yellow phosphors such as YAG:Ce or Eu2+‐doped (oxy)nitrides cannot smoothly meet this seemingly simple requirement due to their strong absorptions in the visible range. Herein, we report a novel yellow‐emitting LuVO4:Bi3+ phosphor that can solve this shortcoming. The emission from LuVO4:Bi3+ shows a peak at 576 nm with a quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 68 %, good resistance to thermal quenching (T50 %=573 K), and no severe thermal degradation after heating–cooling cycles upon UV excitation. The yellow emission, as verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), originates from the (3P0,3P1)→1S0 transitions of Bi3+. Increasing the temperature from 10 to 300 K produces a temperature‐dependent energy‐transfer process between VO43− groups and Bi3+, and further heating of the samples to 573 K intensifies the emission. However, it subsequently weakens, accompanied by blueshifts of the emission peaks. This abnormal anti‐thermal quenching can be ascribed to temperature‐dependent energy transfer from VO43− groups to Bi3+, a population redistribution between the excited states of 3P0 and 3P1 upon thermal stimulation, and discharge of electrons trapped in defects with a trap depth of 359 K. Device fabrication with the as‐prepared phosphor LuVO4:Bi3+ has proved that it can act as a good yellow phosphor for pc‐WLEDs.