bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La psychoéducation : une présence qui s’accentue « paso a paso » à l’extérieur du Québec
Authors: Dionne Jacques
Published: November 2021

Cet article présente certains « pas » que la psychoéducation a fait à différentes époques dans différents pays. Il s’attarde à retracer des initiatives qui ont vu le jour à l’extérieur du Québec depuis 1960. Dans les premières années de vie de la psychoéducation, des échanges fréquents avaient lieu avec les Associations d’éducateurs spécialisés en Europe. Pendant la période qui s’échelonne de 1990 à 2010, on remarque une percée intéressante du modèle d’intervention psychoéducative en Amérique du Sud et en Amérique centrale. Des projets étudiants, des recherches, l’élaboration de formations et une implication dans les milieux d’intervention dans ces pays du sud caractérisent cette période. En plus des projets qui se poursuivent en Amérique latine, on recense dans la dernière décennie plusieurs initiatives menées par des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices en Haïti, au Gabon, en Belgique, au Burkina Faso et en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce court survol laisse entrevoir que les psychoéducateurs peuvent, dans une optique de collaboration centrée sur les forces adaptatives des personnes et des communautés, agir à l’extérieur du Québec. Ils peuvent agir de manière à améliorer l’aide aux personnes en situation de vulnérabilité et à leurs communautés dans des pays sous-développés ou en émergence afin de contribuer à une plus grande justice sociale dans notre monde.
La Revue de psychoéducation, une histoire à raconter
Authors: Larivée Serge
Published: November 2021

Dans cet article, je dresse le portrait de la Revue de psychoéducation depuis 1971. Après un bref retour sur son origine, quatre aspects seront présentés à propos des textes publiés au cours des cinquante dernières années : les diverses rubriques qui ont émergées au cours des décennies, les auteurs des textes publiés ainsi que le contenu et la nature de ceux-ci.
Cidadania planetária: nova consciência da arte do bem viver
Authors: Carvalho Marco Aurélio Bilibio , Fittipaldi Regina Stella Quintas
Published: November 2021

Esta reflexão quer ser uma contribuição para a cidadania planetária e tem como objetivo chamar a atenção sobre o destino da humanidade, o que exige novos paradigmas na vivência do aqui e agora em conexão com a Terra, a água, as montanhas a biodiversidade, a criação como um todo. Podemos perguntar: tendo bagagens de percepções cosmológicas vastas e profundas, e sendo dotados dos saberes do DNA cósmico que historicamente vêm, em processos, construindo a realidade, sendo ainda membros de uma grande família que perpetua a sophia mundi, como conseguimos conduzir a aventura humana em tal nível de desconexão com a teia da vida no complexo da criação? Essa indagação faz parte de um momento de conscientização e de convocação para uma reconexão como o todo, para a sobrevivência humana. Estamos falando de algo que diz respeito a uma das maiores forças: o instinto de sobrevivência. Toda a criação mostra as consequências do desequilíbrio das ações humanas, provocando tragédias ambientais. Urge uma consciência planetária, como nova consciência do viver e conviver hoje.
El futuro es colectivo y los colectivos son el futuro
Authors: Cañigueral Bagó Albert
Published: November 2021

La evolución hacia la empresa-red y la fragmentación del trabajo que se deriva incrementa el número de personas trabajadoras autónomas con relaciones intermitentes entre varios empleadores y con sus posibles compañeros de trabajo. En este contexto emergen los «colectivos de autónomos» o «colectivos de independientes» en contraposición a la narrativa de que los trabajadores autónomos están aislados entre sí. Estos colectivos organizan luchas contra los algoritmos, luchas por los derechos laborales, mutualizan recursos materiales y digitales e incluso se presentan al mercado bajo una marca unificada sin ser una empresa. Al ser formas emergentes de organización, se enfrentan a retos acerca de su reconocimiento como actores en el diálogo social e incluso se les acusa de actuar como cárteles bajo el prisma de la libre competencia. Si bien sus formas actuales es probable que no sean las formas definitivas, podemos intuir que los «colectivos de autónomos» tienen y tendrán un papel relevante para definir las formas de trabajar y de vivir en el futuro.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Doleček Vlatko , Karabegović Isak
Published: November 2021

Energy security and stability has become a major issue over the last few years in the whole world's economic and social development. Despite its high development and evolution of its approach to the issue of energy security, the European Union is also facing the problem of decreasing its role in reducing human impact on the climate. Energy is of essential importance for the development of any country, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without adequate policies in the energy sector bussines, industrial and economic progress is not possible either. However, regardless of how energy is important for the development, it is still only a mechanism for achieving an ultimate goal – sustainable economy, clean environment, high living standards, prosperity and population health. According to the official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina produces annually about 13.600 GWh (data from 2010), out of which 7.950 GWh in thermal power plants and 5.650 GWh in hydro power plants. Basic domestic energy sources in Bosnia and Herzegovina include coal and hydropower, while gas and oil are imported. This paper gives an overview of future of the European Union energy policy by 2020, together with the situation and outlooks for Bosnia and Herzegovina renewable energy sources: hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy. The legislation of renewable sources in the Federation of BIH, as well as the European Union's legislative framework, are also presented.
To the construction of the new concept of art (art as a form of life)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: November 2021

This article formulates the task of constructing a new concept of art that corresponds with the challenges of time and the transformed artistic practice. The author aims to solve the problem relevant to his time, which is similar to the problem solved by Aristotle in the context of creating the “Poetics”. The theoretical provisions of the new concept are preceded by reconstruction of the work of the prominent Israeli writer Meir Shalev and the creators of the American TV series “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel”. These examples demonstrate that although these works describe the events of everyday life, the latter are taken not as the facts typical for cognition, but are being transformed for the construction of artistic reality. Analysis is conducted on the techniques and expressive means used in creating the artistic reality. The hypothesis is advances that the comprehension of the nuances of artistic reality requires the analysis of artistic communication, as well as conceptualizations of art. Within the framework of artistic communication, the author examines the position, motives and activity of the writer and the audience. It is assumed that on the one hand, they live through their problems in the artistic form and create their works (writer, artist), or they enter the artistic reality and live through its events (reader, viewer). All these statements are supported by the results of the research of the genesis of art conducted by the author. In conclusion, the author lists the ground plan of the new concept of art, namely the introduction.
Type 1 polyisoprenoid diphosphate phosphatase modulates geranylgeranyl-mediated control of HMG CoA reductase and UBIAD1
Authors: Elsabrouty Rania , Jo Youngah , Hwang Seonghwan , Jun Dong-Jae , DeBose-Boyd Russell A
Published: November 2021

UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 (UBIAD1) utilizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize the vitamin K2 subtype menaquinone-4. The prenyltransferase has emerged as a key regulator of sterol-accelerated, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMG CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids including GGpp. Sterols induce binding of UBIAD1 to reductase, inhibiting its ERAD. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH), the alcohol derivative of GGpp, disrupts this binding and thereby stimulates ERAD of reductase and translocation of UBIAD1 to Golgi. We now show that overexpression of Type 1 polyisoprenoid diphosphate phosphatase (PDP1), which dephosphorylates GGpp and other isoprenyl pyrophosphates to corresponding isoprenols, abolishes protein geranylgeranylation as well as GGOH-induced ERAD of reductase and Golgi transport of UBIAD1. Conversely, these reactions are enhanced in the absence of PDP1. Our findings indicate PDP1-mediated hydrolysis of GGpp significantly contributes to a feedback mechanism that maintains optimal intracellular levels of the nonsterol isoprenoid.
Altered temporal sequence of transcriptional regulators in the generation of human cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Behesti Hourinaz , Kocabas Arif , Buchholz David E , Carroll Thomas S , Hatten Mary E
Published: November 2021

Brain development is regulated by conserved transcriptional programs across species, but little is known about the divergent mechanisms that create species-specific characteristics. Among brain regions, human cerebellar histogenesis differs in complexity compared with nonhuman primates and rodents, making it important to develop methods to generate human cerebellar neurons that closely resemble those in the developing human cerebellum. We report a rapid protocol for the derivation of the human ATOH1 lineage, the precursor of excitatory cerebellar neurons, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Upon transplantation into juvenile mice, hPSC-derived cerebellar granule cells migrated along glial fibers and integrated into the cerebellar cortex. By Translational Ribosome Affinity Purification-seq, we identified an unexpected temporal shift in the expression of RBFOX3 (NeuN) and NEUROD1, which are classically associated with differentiated neurons, in the human outer external granule layer. This molecular divergence may enable the protracted development of the human cerebellum compared to mice.
Membrane estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) participates in flow-mediated dilation in a ligand-independent manner
Authors: Favre Julie , Vessieres Emilie , Guihot Anne-Laure , Proux Coralyne , Grimaud Linda , Rivron Jordan , Garcia Manuela CL , Réthoré Léa , Zahreddine Rana , Davezac Morgane , Fébrissy Chanaelle , Adlanmerini Marine , Loufrani Laurent , Procaccio Vincent , Foidart Jean-Michel , Flouriot Gilles , Lenfant Françoise , Fontaine Coralie , Arnal Jean-François , Henrion Daniel
Published: November 2021

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activation by estrogens prevents atheroma through its nuclear action, whereas plasma membrane-located ERα accelerates endothelial healing. The genetic deficiency of ERα was associated with a reduction in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in one man. Here, we evaluated ex vivo the role of ERα on FMD of resistance arteries. FMD, but not agonist (acetylcholine, insulin)-mediated dilation, was reduced in male and female mice lacking ERα (Esr1-/- mice) compared to wild-type mice and was not dependent on the presence of estrogens. In C451A-ERα mice lacking membrane ERα, not in mice lacking AF2-dependent nuclear ERα actions, FMD was reduced, and restored by antioxidant treatments. Compared to wild-type mice, isolated perfused kidneys of C451A-ERα mice revealed a decreased flow-mediated nitrate production and an increased H2O2 production. Thus, endothelial membrane ERα promotes NO bioavailability through inhibition of oxidative stress and thereby participates in FMD in a ligand-independent manner.
RNase III-mediated processing of a trans-acting bacterial sRNA and its cis-encoded antagonist
Authors: Svensson Sarah Lauren , Sharma Cynthia Mira
Published: November 2021

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators in stress responses and virulence. They can be derived from an expanding list of genomic contexts, such as processing from parental transcripts by RNase E. The role of RNase III in sRNA biogenesis is less well understood despite its well-known roles in rRNA processing, RNA decay, and cleavage of sRNA-mRNA duplexes. Here, we show that RNase III processes a pair of cis-encoded sRNAs (CJnc190 and CJnc180) of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. While CJnc180 processing by RNase III requires CJnc190, RNase III processes CJnc190 independent of CJnc180 via cleavage of an intramolecular duplex. We also show that CJnc190 directly represses translation of the colonization factor PtmG by targeting a G-rich ribosome-binding site, and uncover that CJnc180 is a cis-acting antagonist of CJnc190, indirectly affecting ptmG regulation. Our study highlights a role for RNase III in sRNA biogenesis and adds cis-encoded RNAs to the expanding diversity of transcripts that can antagonize bacterial sRNAs.
Expression of a CO2-permeable aquaporin enhances mesophyll conductance in the C4 species Setaria viridis
Authors: Ermakova Maria , Osborn Hannah , Groszmann Michael , Bala Soumi , Bowerman Andrew , McGaughey Samantha , Byrt Caitlin , Alonso-cantabrana Hugo , Tyerman Steve , Furbank Robert T , Sharwood Robert E , von Caemmerer Susanne
Published: November 2021

A fundamental limitation of photosynthetic carbon fixation is the availability of CO2. In C4 plants, primary carboxylation occurs in mesophyll cytosol, and little is known about the role of CO2 diffusion in facilitating C4 photosynthesis. We have examined the expression, localization, and functional role of selected plasma membrane intrinsic aquaporins (PIPs) from Setaria italica (foxtail millet) and discovered that SiPIP2;7 is CO2-permeable. When ectopically expressed in mesophyll cells of Setaria viridis (green foxtail), SiPIP2;7 was localized to the plasma membrane and caused no marked changes in leaf biochemistry. Gas exchange and C18O16O discrimination measurements revealed that targeted expression of SiPIP2;7 enhanced the conductance to CO2 diffusion from the intercellular airspace to the mesophyll cytosol. Our results demonstrate that mesophyll conductance limits C4 photosynthesis at low pCO2 and that SiPIP2;7 is a functional CO2 permeable aquaporin that can improve CO2 diffusion at the airspace/mesophyll interface and enhance C4 photosynthesis.
Dinosaur bonebed amber from an original swamp forest soil
Authors: Álvarez-Parra Sergio , Pérez-de la Fuente Ricardo , Peñalver Enrique , Barrón Eduardo , Alcalá Luis , Pérez-Cano Jordi , Martín-Closas Carles , Trabelsi Khaled , Meléndez Nieves , López Del Valle Rafael , Lozano Rafael P , Peris David , Rodrigo Ana , Sarto i Monteys Víctor , Bueno-Cebollada Carlos A , Menor-Salván César , Philippe Marc , Sánchez-García Alba , Peña-Kairath Constanza , Arillo Antonio , Espílez Eduardo , Mampel Luis , Delclòs Xavier
Published: November 2021

Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here, we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer mainly composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data—charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods— are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological assemblage suffered no or low-grade pre-burial transport. This has unlocked unprecedentedly complete and reliable palaeoecological data out of two complementary windows of preservation—the bonebed and the amber—from the same site.
Outpatient Use of Antimicrobials in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Before and After Treatment With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bjornsson Aron H. , Palsson Olafur , Kristjansson Mar , Gunnarsson Petur S. , Grondal Gerdur , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Love Thorvardur J. ,   ICEBIO
Published: November 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor (TNFi) initiation on the use of antimicrobials among biologic‐naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Information on all biologic‐naïve patients with RA was extracted from ICEBIO, a nationwide registry. Each patient was matched on age, sex, and calendar time to five randomly selected individuals from the general population. All filled antimicrobial and glucocorticoid prescriptions in the 2 years before and after initiation of the first TNFi were extracted from the Prescription Medicines Register. Prescriptions were quantified by using the number of filled prescriptions (NP) and defined daily doses.

Results

We extracted information on 359 patients with RA and 1795 comparators. During the 24 months before initiating treatment with TNFi, patients with RA received more prescriptions for antimicrobials than their matched general population comparators (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 3.4 vs 1.6 ± 2.7; P < 0.001). The 24‐month mean NP for patients with RA increased to 3.5 ± 3.9 (P < 0.001) after initiating TNFi: antibiotics, 2.6 ± 3.2 to 3.2 ± 3.5 (P < 0.001); antivirals, 0.06 ± 0.5 to 0.16 ± 0.7 (P = 0.004); and antimycotics, 0.14 ± 0.5 to 0.22 ± 0.9 (P = 0.06). The 12‐month mean NP was highest in the second year after TNFi initiation (1.9 ± 2.4). No association was found between NP and glucocorticoids, age, body mass index, or pre‐TNFi Disease Activity Score 28‐joint count and C‐reactive protein.

Conclusion

Patients with RA on TNFi are more commonly treated for infections in the outpatient settings than previously reported. Patients are prescribed more antimicrobials in the 2 years preceding TNFi initiation than the general population, and this use further increases after initiation of TNFi. In contrast to what is reported for infections requiring hospitalization, outpatient antimicrobial use remained elevated for at least 2 years.
Design and Fabrication of Printed Human Skin Model Equivalent Circuit: A Tool for Testing Biomedical Electrodes without Human Trials
Authors: Peřinka Nikola , Štrbac Matija , Kostić Milos , Malešević Jovana , Castro Nélson , Correia Vítor , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: November 2021

Within the efforts of developing a new generation of biomedical electrodes with embedded switching logics, developing safe and simple procedures for testing these novel systems is tackled. The development and demonstration of an all‐printed flexible testbed for automated validation and testing of multi pad systems is presented. The system is based on a Human model equivalent circuit (HMEC), which, when connected to the electrical stimulation system, mirrors the electrical behavior of biomedical electrodes and their specific interface material as if they are placed on a human subject. A simulation model of the electrical stimulation system components was developed based on the experimental data, in order to optimize printed electronic components’ characteristics and design. The testbed is composed of five layers of different conductive and dielectric materials screen‐printed on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The system was prototyped with the characteristic values of the HMEC matching the average experimental data acquired from human subjects. Thus, it is demonstrated that an all printed flexible HMEC is a feasible approach to enabling the functional testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulation devices required for their fabrication, evaluation and optimization, reducing the need for tests on human subjects in the development phase of new systems.
On the Morphological and Crystallographic Anisotropy of Diesel Particulate Filter Materials
Authors: Léonard Fabien , Lange Axel , Kupsch Andreas , Müller Bernd Randolf , Bruno Giovanni
Published: November 2021

The determination of the anisotropy of materials’ microstructure and morphology (pore space) in diesel particulate filter (DPF) materials is an important problem to solve, since such anisotropy determines the mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties of such materials. Through the use of a dedicated (and simple) segmentation algorithm, it is shown how to exploit the information yielded by 3D X‐ray computed tomography data to quantify the morphological anisotropy. It is also correlated that such anisotropy of the pore space Such anisotropy of the pore space is also correlated with the microstructure and crystallographic anisotropy of the material in several showcases: a microstructurally isotropic material, such as SiC, and some morphologically and microstructurally anisotropic cordierite materials. In the later case, the finer the grain size, the more isotropic the microstructure.
Ultra‐Low Cost, Facile Fabrication of Transparent Neural Electrode Array for Electrocorticography with Photoelectric Artifact‐Free Optogenetics
Authors: Cho Young Uk , Lee Ju Young , Jeong Ui‐Jin , Park Sang Hoon , Lim Se Lin , Kim Kyung Yeun , Jang Je Wu , Park Jong Ho , Kim Hyun Woo , Shin Hyogeun , Jeon Hojeong , Jung Young Mee , Cho Il‐Joo , Yu Ki Jun
Published: November 2021

Transparent implantable devices have received significant attention in neuroscience and biomedical engineering by combining neural recording and optical modalities. Opaque, metal‐based electrode arrays for electrophysiology block optical imaging and cause photoelectric artifacts, making them difficult to integrate with optogenetics. Here, a photoelectric artifact‐free, highly conductive, and transparent poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrode array is introduced as promising neural implants. The technology which is developed in this work provides transparent neural interfaces through low‐cost, ultra‐facile method compared with other transparent materials being applied to implantable tools. The device exhibits superior optical, mechanical, and electrical characteristics to other studies, thanks to a simple ethylene glycol immersing process. The device performance is highlighted by comparing its light stimulation efficiency and photoelectric artifact extent with conventional thin gold electrodes both in vitro and in vivo. This platform can assemble transparent neural interfaces much more efficiently than any other material candidates and thus has many potential applications.
A Novel Immunoregulatory PEGylated Poly(glycerol sebacate)/β‐TCP Membrane for Application in Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Shen Hongzhou , Zhang Chenglong , Zhang Changru , Shi Jun , Shen Steve GF. , Yuan Yuan , Si Jiawen
Published: November 2021

The recently developed poly(ethylene glycol)ylated poly(glycerol sebacate)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (PEGS/β‐TCP) membrane possesses favorable mechanical properties and excellent osteogenic activity. This study is designed to evaluate the feasibility of applying PEGS/β‐TCP membrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) through investigating the in vitro and in vivo activities of macrophages promoted by PEGS/β‐TCP membranes during osteogenesis. The behavior of macrophages seeded on PEGS/β‐TCP and PEGS membranes is assessed in terms of cell viability, polarization pattern, and release of inflammatory and osteogenic cytokines. The in vitro osteogenic effect of PEGS/β‐TCP membrane‐associated macrophage polarization is evaluated by incubating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with conditioned medium derived from macrophages stimulated with PEGS/β‐TCP or PEGS membranes. The in vivo correlation between macrophage polarization and PEGS/β‐TCP membrane‐driven osteogenesis is investigated using a rat calvarial defect model. The results show that PEGS/β‐TCP and PEGS membranes are capable of downregulating M1 polarization and upregulating M2 polarization. Compared to the PEGS membrane, the PEGS/β‐TCP membrane can further alleviate local inflammatory response and significantly promote the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and in vivo restoration of bone defects. In conclusion, the novel PEGS/β‐TCP membrane can promote the osteogenic commitment of MSCs and restore calvarial bone defects by improving the macrophage polarization pattern.
Electrochemically Fabricated Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Manganese Oxide Nanowires at Discontinuous Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performances
Authors: Jin Jiao , Li Li , Nie Xiaoyan , Xiao Tianliang , Liu Zhaoyue
Published: November 2021

The design of an electrode surface is critical to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during electrochemical water splitting since the catalytic activity depends strongly on surface characteristics, such as the coating uniformity of the catalysts, electrolyte wetting, and the gas‐bubble release ability. Here, nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts (MnO nanowires) are electrochemically deposited on the surface of a porous gold microgrid. The discontinuous solid–liquid contact lines, which are formed by the microgrids during the liquid‐phase electrochemical reaction, generate MnO nanowires with high coating uniformity. The micro/nanostructure of the electrode induces a superhydrophilic surface, which facilitates the wetting of the alkaline electrolyte and increases the electrochemical active surface area. Simultaneously, the underwater superaerophobicity of the electrode promotes the release of the oxygen products, thus reducing the occupation of the catalytic sites by the gas bubbles. The synergistic effect of electrolyte wetting and gas release ensures that this superhydrophilic/superaerophobic electrode exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the OER at an overpotential of 530 mV in 0.1 m KOH, placing the catalyst among the best MnO catalysts for OER. This work avails a new basis for synergistically optimizing the synthesis methods (electrolyte wetting and gas‐bubble release) toward high‐performance OER electrodes.
Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Novel Ni‐Fe in 2D Bimetallic Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Iqbal Rashid , Akbar Muhammad Bilal , Ahmad Aziz , Hussain Arshad , Altaf Naveed , Ibraheem Shumaila , Yasin Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Abubaker , Tabish Mohammad , Kumar Anuj , Majeed Muhammad K. , Saleem Adil , Ali Sajjad
Published: November 2021

The two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have capabilities to reduce CO2 with high Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, the role of incorporating bimetallic Ni and Fe into newly constructed MOFs is studied. This work highlights the use of bimetallic synergistic effect with surrounded nitrogen atoms, opening new avenues for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. This MOF Ni‐Fe contains moieties surrounded by four nitrogen atoms via covalent bonding, which resembles the porphyrin‐based molecular units as selective and effective homogeneous CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) also helps to figure out that the incorporation combination of metals helps achieve the high FE of 98.2% with stability up to 30 h under a low applied potential of −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). These results offer a promising avenue to develop and optimize the MOFs‐based electrocatalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO2.
Vapor‐Deposited Janus Membranes with Fouling Resistance for Desalination of Oil‐Contaminated Wastewater
Authors: Zhu Mengfan , Mao Yu
Published: November 2021

Janus membranes with excellent fouling resistance and mass transport properties are highly desired to improve the performance and efficiency in the treatment of oil‐contaminated wastewater. The fabrication of Janus membranes requires control of both the membrane microstructure and the interfacial compatibility between distinct components. This work presents a vapor‐based strategy to incorporate Janus property into porous substrates without the wetting incompatibility in solution‐based Janus fabrications. The method allows for the retention of the membrane microstructure and the tuning of the modification depth for flux improvement. The integration of hydrophilic and omniphobic nanocoatings enables simultaneous resistance to emulsion wetting and oil fouling in the membrane distillation of oily wastewater. The Janus membrane demonstrates excellent desalination performance in treating oil‐contaminated wastewater, with >99.99% salt rejection at >230 g L−1 dissolved salt and stable permeate flux at oil content of 5 g L−1.
Single‐Sample Ratiometric Organic Films for Naked‐Eye High‐Temperature Multi‐Threshold Indication
Authors: Kong Mengfei , Zhan Yanhui , Yang Tao , Wang Shuangqing , Guo Xudong , Hu Rui , Qian Yan , Fan Quli , Yang Guoqiang
Published: November 2021

Threshold temperature sensors are crucial for recording the thermal histories of environments under different scenarios. However, most organic threshold thermometers are not suitable for high‐temperature indication due to significant thermo‐facilitated emission quenching. Here, a series of ratiometric luminescent high‐temperature threshold organic film indicators have been realized by synergetic effects of intramolecular local excited to charge transfer states and disaggregation from excimer to monomer. Varying the polymer matrixes with different glass transition temperatures effectively tunes the threshold sensing temperatures. More importantly, the wide sensing span of the high‐temperature region enables the single‐sample films (in one kind of polymer matrix) to achieve multiple temperature threshold indications, directed only by multiple naked‐eye emission color changes. These drop‐casting organic film thermometers indicate great potential in robust and low‐cost outdoor applications, as well as large‐area and flexible threshold temperature sensing.
Programmable Broadband Responsive Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoarchitecture for Information Encryption
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Yang Jiaxin , Xu Rui , Zhao Zejia , Sang Xu , Liu Lisa , Feng Ming , Song Feng , He Yonghong , Huang Wei
Published: November 2021

Optical encryption provides a significant implementation strategy for information security, which can be ascribed to multichannel, simple operation, and high security. Multiple responsive luminescent material has emerged as an ideal candidate for optical encryption, owing to intelligent responsive ability and unclonable security. Herein, a structural doping strategy is developed in the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly process to elevate the maneuverability of light‐emitting color and mode. By encapsulating lanthanide doped inorganic matrix and layered hydroxide with PMA, the recognizable red‐orange fluorescence can be produced in the invisible region, and realizes the conversion of yellow and green fluorescence in visible region. Meanwhile, both excitation source and emission color can be used as distinguishable encryption means, which enables structural doping complex to be multiplexed and encoded with high capacity and complexity. Furthermore, asymmetrically and symmetrically coded flexible labels with specific color sequence are prepared by brushing process, and specific encryption key are set to ensure the nonlinearity of cryptosystem. Through the integration of dual‐mode and adjustable light response codes constructed by structural doping strategy, multidimensional high‐level information encryption can be realized, which opens up a deep exploration in the field of information security for the application of multifunctional optical properties of light response materials.
Ein persistentes phosphanyl‐substituiertes Thioketylradikalanion
Authors: Szych Lilian Sophie , Pilopp Yannic , Bresien Jonas , Villinger Alexander , Rabeah Jabor , Schulz Axel
Published: November 2021

Alkalimetallsalze des Typs M+[Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S].− (M=Na, K; 2_M; Ter=2,6‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl) mit einem raumtemperaturstabilen Thioketylradikalanion wurden durch die Reduktion des Thioketons Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S (1) mit Alkalimetallen (Na, K) erhalten. Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse sowie ESR‐Spektroskopie konnten das Vorliegen des Thioketylradikalanions sowohl im Festkörper als auch in Lösung eindeutig zeigen. Die berechnete Mulliken‐Spindichte in 2_M ist hauptsächlich am Schwefel (49 %) sowie am Carbonyl‐Kohlenstoffatom (33 %) lokalisiert. Nach Zugabe von [2.2.2]Kryptand zur Radikalverbindung 2_K, um die interionische Wechselwirkung abzuschwächen, wurde eine Aktivierungsreaktion beobachtet, die durch intermolekulare Umlagerung einer iPr‐Gruppe von einem zweiten Anion zu einem Kaliumsalz eines Phosphanylthioether‐basierten Anions, [K(crypt)]+[Ter(iPr)P−C(−S‐iPr)−P(iPr)2S]− (3), führte. Die Produkte wurden vollständig charakterisiert und die Nutzung des Radikalanions als Reduktionsmittel wurde demonstriert.
The Chiral Target of Daptomycin Is the 2R,2′S Stereoisomer of Phosphatidylglycerol
Authors: Moreira Ryan , Taylor Scott D.
Published: November 2021

Daptomycin (dap) is an important antibiotic that interacts with the bacterial membrane lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in a calcium‐dependent manner. The enantiomer of dap (ent‐dap) was synthesized and was found to be 85‐fold less active than dap against B. subtilis, indicating that dap interacts with a chiral target as part of its mechanism of action. Using liposomes containing enantiopure PG, we demonstrate that the binding of dap to PG, the structural transition that occurs upon dap binding to PG, and the subsequent oligomerization of dap, depends upon the configuration of PG, and that dap prefers the 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐1′‐sn‐glycerol stereoisomer (2R,2′S configuration). Ent‐dap has a lower affinity for 2R,2′S liposomes than dap and cannot oligomerize to the same extent as dap, which accounts for why ent‐dap is less active than dap. To our knowledge, this is the first example whereby the activity of an antibiotic depends upon the configuration of a lipid head group.
Up‐to‐date studies regarding the determination of melatonin by chromatographic methods
Authors: Alessa Hussain , Saber Amr L. , Althakafy Jalal T.
Published: November 2021

Melatonin is an indolic compound that has been reported in the literature to exist in human‐based samples, vertebrates, vegetables, fruits, and pharmaceutical products. Melatonin is considered a dietary supplement and can regulate circadian rhythms, although it has not been classified as a drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Several analytical methods have been used for its detection. This study aimed to summarize the recent outcomes of the chromatographic methods such as electrophoretic methods, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography, which have been used for the determination of melatonin in the last three decades, with the focus on gas chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods.
Diverse Self‐assembly Structures of a Macrocycle Revealed with STM by Adjusting the Solution Concentration
Authors: Lei Peng , Li Qianhui , Meng Ting , Deng Ke , Wan Junhua , Xiao Xunwen , Zeng Qingdao
Published: November 2021

The macrocyclic molecule [3]C12TT‐TPA was synthesized by a Stille coupling reaction through alternately connecting 4,7‐bisthienyl‐2,1,3‐thienothiazole and triphenylamine units. The concentration‐dependent self‐assembly structures of [3]C12TT‐TPA were explored in liquid/solid interface by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. After increasing the solution concentration, five different nanostructures were constructed and the molecular packing densities were gradually enhanced. Those structural transformations from loose structures to compact structures are thermodynamically favourable because those transformations are accompanied by the adsorption of more [3]C12TT‐TPA molecules from liquid phase, which increases the interactions between molecules and the interactions between molecules and substrate considerably. This study of fundamental exploration is important to understand the basic formation mechanisms and the stability of two‐dimensional functional materials.
Polarization in broad emission lines of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Popović Luka Č. , Shablovinskaya Elena , Savić Djordje
Published: November 2021

We discuss the polarization of broad emission lines in the type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). The polarization depends on the geometry of the broad line region (BLR), and also on the polarization mechanism, or distribution of the scattering material. Therefore, the polarization measurements can indicate the geometry of the BLR and the mechanism of polarization (equatorial or polar scattering). In addition, the polarization angle (PA) shape across the line profile can be used to measure the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass, and constrain the BLR characteristics. We give an overview of ours and other recent investigations of the polarization in broad lines from both aspects: theoretical and observational.
Detection of benzalkonium chloride on glass surfaces using silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ly Nguyễn Hoàng , Nguyen Phuong‐Dong , Son Sang Jun , Lee Cheolmin , Jang Soonmin , Joo Sang‐Woo , Kim Kyungjoo , Choi Jiseon , Joo Ye‐eun , Lee Jung Il
Published: November 2021

Raman reporter‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to investigate the detection of one member of a class of the cationic surfactant quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, also known as benzalkonium chloride (BAC). For this study, SERS was performed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Density functional theory (DFT) of BAC on Ag6 clusters was introduced to estimate binding at the level of the B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis sets. As the chain length increased from n = 8 to 18, the binding energies were expected to increase by 2.1 kcal/mol. Methylene blue (MB) Raman reporter molecules were subsequently treated on BAC thin‐film‐covered glass surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were used to determine the coverage of BAC on the glass, and field‐emission electron microscope (FE‐SEM) images revealed the surface morphologies of the SERS substrates. A standard calibration curve was prepared to quantify BAC within a concentration range of 0.0036805 to 36 805 ppm (r2 ≥ 0.99), according to the BAC‐correlated SERS intensities of MB Raman peaks at ~1620 cm−1 adsorbed on AgNPs. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation supported strong adsorption of BAC on glass surfaces.
Responses to balance challenges in persons with panic disorder: A pilot study of computerized static and dynamic balance measurements
Authors: Amiaz Revital , Kimel Naor Shani , Caspi Asaf , Czerniak Efrat , Noy Shlomo , Pelc Tatiana , Mintz Matti , Plotnik Meir
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Several studies have shown an association between panic disorder (PD) and reduced balance abilities, mainly based on functional balance scales.

This pilot study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of studying balance abilities of persons with PD (PwPD) using computerized static and, for the first time, dynamic balance measurements in order to characterize balance control strategies employed by PwPD.

Methods

Twelve PwPD and 11 healthy controls were recruited. PD diagnosis was confirmed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM‐IV), and the severity of symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM‐A), PD Severity Scales (PDSS), and Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). Balance was clinically assessed using the Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and physically by the Mini‐Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini‐BESTest). Dizziness was evaluated using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale. Postural control was evaluated statically by measuring body sway and dynamically by measuring body responses to rapid unexpected physical perturbations.

Results

PwPD had higher scores on the HAM‐A (17.6 ± 10.3 vs. 3.0 ± 2.9; p < .001), PDSS (11.3 ± 5.1 vs. 0; p < .001), and PAS (20.3 ± 8.7 vs. 0; p < .001) questionnaires and lower scores on the balance scales compared to the controls (ABC scale: 156.2 ± 5.9 vs. 160 ± 0.0, p = .016; Mini‐BESTest: 29.4 ± 2.1 vs. 31.4 ± 0.9, p = .014; DHI: 5.3 ± 4.4 vs. 0.09 ± 0.3, p < .001). In the static balance tests, PwPD showed a not‐significantly smaller ellipse area of center of pressure trajectory (p = .36) and higher body sway velocity (p = .46), whereas in the dynamic balance tests, PwPD had shorter recovery time from physical perturbations in comparison to controls (2.1 ± 1.2s vs. 1.6 ± 0.9 s, p = .018).

Conclusion

The computerized balance tests results point to an adoption of a ‘‘postural rigidity’’ strategy by the PwPD, that is, reduced dynamic adaptations in the face of postural challenges. This may reflect a nonsecure compensatory behavior. Further research is needed to delineate this strategy.
The relationship between Instagram activity and female body concerns: The serial mediating role of appearance‐related comparisons and internalization of beauty norms
Authors: Piccoli Valentina , Carnaghi Andrea , Grassi Michele , Bianchi Mauro
Published: November 2021

Recent research showed that body image concerns (i.e., drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction) may be associated with exposure to images on social networking sites. We analysed this relationship by taking into account the possible mediating role of both the appearance‐related comparisons (i.e., the comparison with others on a specific dimension) and the internalization of beauty standards (i.e., the acceptance of the predominant physical‐attractiveness societal standards) in the Italian context. In two studies, we showed that Instagram‐photo activity was positively associated with both drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction through the mediating role of appearance‐related comparisons on Instagram. We further showed that the association between Instagram‐photo activity and body image concerns was sequentially mediated by appearance‐related comparisons on Instagram and the internalization of beauty standards. Female participants who engaged in Instagram‐photo activity also expressed greater concerns about their bodies as they were highly likely to make more comparisons relative to the appearance dimension and show high levels of internalization of beauty standards. These findings are discussed within theoretical and applied implications in the social media domain. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Influence of Aib‐Containing Amphipathic Helical Chain Length in MAP(Aib)‐cRGD as Carrier for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Wada Shun‐ichi , Shibaike Akira , Hayashi Junsuke , Urata Hidehito
Published: November 2021

MAP(Aib)‐cRGD, which is a conjugate of an α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)‐containing amphipathic helical peptide [MAP(Aib)] with a αvβ3 integrin binding ligand, cRGD, at the C‐terminus of the helical peptide, has been developed for siRNA delivery into cells. In this work, we synthesized three peptides containing 19 (PI), 18 (PII), and 17 (PIII) amino acid residues in the helical peptide, which lack Aib, Leu‐Aib, and Lys‐Leu‐Aib residues present in the C‐terminus of the helical peptide of the parent MAP(Aib)‐cRGD, respectively. MAP(Aib)‐cRGD showed the siRNA delivery into cells and the RNAi effect both in the presence and in the absence of serum in reaction media. In contrast, PI delivered siRNA into cells, and this was followed by the RNAi effect in only serum‐free reaction media. On the other hand, siRNA delivery was abolished by the further reduction of the number of residues (PII and PIII) in the C‐terminus. Our data indicate that the Aib‐containing helical part requires 20 residues in the conjugation of the helical peptide with cRGD for the construction of carrier for siRNA delivery into cells.
Comparative differences of mitral valve‐in‐valve implantation: A new mitral bioprosthesis versus current mosaic and epic valves
Authors: Wang Dee Dee , O'Neill Brian P. , Caranasos Thomas G. , Chitwood W. Randolph , Stack Richard S. , O'Neill William W.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Evaluate transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) valve‐in‐valve (VIV) outcomes in three different mitral bioprostheses (of comparable measured internal diameters) under stable hemodynamic and surgical conditions by bench, echocardiographic, computerized tomography (CT), and autopsy comparisons pre‐ and post‐valve implantation in a porcine model under matched controlled conditions.

Background

Impact of surgical bioprosthesis design on TMVR VIV procedures is unknown.

Methods

Fifteen similar‐sized Yorkshire pigs underwent pre‐procedural CT screening. Twelve had consistent anatomic features and underwent implantation of mitral bioprostheses. Four valves from each of three manufacturers were implanted in randomized fashion: 27‐mm Epic, 27‐mm Mosaic, and 25‐mm Mitris, followed by TMVR VIV with 26 Edwards Sapien3. Post‐VIV, suprasternal TEE studies were performed to assess hemodynamic function, followed by a gated contrast CT. After euthanasia, animals underwent necropsy for anatomic evaluation.

Results

All 12 animals had successful VIV implantation with no study deaths. The post vivMitris (3.77 ± 0.36)/(2.2 ± 0.25 mmHg) had the lowest peak/mean trans‐mitral gradient and the vivEpic the highest (15.5 ± 2.55)/(7.09 ± 1.13 mmHg). All THVs (transcatheter heart valves) had greatest deformation within the center of the THV frame; with the smallest waist opening area in the vivEpic (329 ± 35.8 mm2) and greatest in the vivMitris (414 ± 33.12 mm2). Bioprosthetic frames without obvious radiopaque markers resulted in the most ventricular implantation of the THV's anteroseptal frame (Epic: −4.52 ± 0.76 mm), versus the most radiopaque bioprosthesis (Mitris: −1.18 ± 2.95 mm), and higher peak LVOT gradients (Epic: 4.82 ± 1.61 mmHg; Mitris: 2.91 ± 1.47 mmHg).

Conclusions

The current study demonstrates marked variations in hemodynamics, THV opening area, and anatomic dimensions among measured similarly sized mitral bioprostheses. These data suggest a critical need for understanding the potential impact of variations in bioprosthesis design on TMVR VIV clinical outcomes.
Ligand Enhanced Activity of In Situ Formed Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Simon Zoe C. , Lopato Eric M. , Bhat Maya , Moncure Paige J. , Bernhard Sarah M. , Kitchin John R. , Bernhard Stefan , Millstone Jill E.
Published: November 2021

One consistent challenge of both computational and empirical catalyst screening is ensuring that the variables chosen for the screen are driving the performance analyzed. Here, we compare photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from in situ formed Au and Au/Cu nanoparticles to nanoparticles of the same composition synthesized prior to being used as catalysts, as well as compare them to in situ formed Au and Au/Cu nanoparticles in the presence of exogeneous ligand. For all experiments, we observed that ligand‐terminated nanoparticles performed better than un‐stabilized in situ formed nanoparticles. We tested the generality of this result by studying Co, Ni, and Pd in the same system and also observed that the introduction of nanoparticle ligand leads to enhanced catalytic activity. Taken together, these results suggest 1) nanoparticle ligands can be beneficial, and even necessary, to produce catalysts with sustained activity 2) For computational prediction of these catalysts, factors relating to particle formation and stability need to be considered when both generating predictions as well as interpreting experimental results based on those predictions.