bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-PWR Irradiation Performance of Dilute Tin-Zirconium Advanced Alloys
Authors: Garde AM , Smith GP , Pirek RC
Published: September 2009

Zirconium alloys containing about 0.5% tin, which are classified as dilute tin alloys, possess excellent uniform waterside corrosion resistance necessary for the PWR fuel applications. Mechanical and irradiation growth properties of the dilute alloys can be adjusted for specific component application by controlling the additions of other alloying elements such as iron, chromium, niobium, and oxygen. Cladding alloys with such additions have been successfully irradiated to burnups up to 69 GWd/MTU, showing significant improvements in corrosion resistance and irradiation growth characteristics compared to low-tin Zircaloy-4, one of the current standard materials. The in-PWR creep resistance of such dilute alloys is comparable to that of low-tin Zircaloy-4. Another dilute alloy with predominantly iron-containing second-phase particles that are unstable under neutron irradiation (in a cold-worked microstructure, cold work introduced prior to irradiation) appears to be most suitable for the grid strip application. Cold-worked I-spring of this alloy in a transverse stamped grid provides excellent fuel rod support by inward motion of the spring within the grid cell due to irradiation growth. The hydrogen pickup fraction of several zirconium alloys, including Zircaloy-4 and dilute alloys, exhibits a well-behaved correlation with oxide thickness under non-heat flux conditions. A similar correlation is expected under heat flux conditions. Under heat flux conditions, the hydrogen pickup fraction for Zircaloy-4 approaches a constant value of about 15% for oxide thicknesses greater than 50 μm. For the non heat-flux conditions, the pickup fraction is less than 5% for oxide thickness values greater than 50 μm. Possible reasons for influence of oxide thickness and heat flux on the hydrogen pickup fraction are the porosity traps in thick oxide layers and atomic vibrations of oxide lattice under heat flux conditions. The in-PWR performance characteristics of the dilute alloys such as corrosion resistance, ductility, and dimensional stability can be controlled by optimization of the composition and fabrication process. These parameters influence the composition of the second-phase particles (SPP) in the alloy microstructure, which determines the radiation stability of the SPP. Irradiation stabilityof SPP has strong impact on the in-PWR performance characteristics of zirconium alloys.
Effects of Alpha-Beta Transformation on High Temperature (LOCA) Creep behavior of Zr-Alloys
Authors: Sell HJ , Ortlieb E
Published: September 2009

The Zircaloy material models used for evaluation of the cladding behavior during a hypothetical LOCA are usually based on creep rupture tests at constant temperature and constant heat-up rates. Tests with a more realistic thermal history, including a first temperature peak, show under certain conditions significant higher creep resistance and longer time-to-rupture. To find the cause of this phenomenon, different examinations were performed. Synchrotron radiation was used to investigate the alpha to beta phase transformation kinetic. This technique allows examination of the bulk material without any preparation. In these tests, diffraction patterns were evaluated during constant heat-up rates (up to 10 K/s) and under stepped temperature changes. Phase transition was found to be delayed at fast heat-up rates. Structural changes and oxidation were examined by metallography. Changes in microstructure were seen at temperatures greater than 850°C. Significant oxidation was found at temperatures above 1000°C.
The Effect of Small Concentrations of Sulfur on the Plasticity of Zirconium Alloys at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Ferrer F , Barbu A , Bretheau T , Crépin J , Willaime F , Charquet D
Published: September 2009

The effect of the addition of some ten ppm sulfur to α-zirconium and Zr-l%Nb-0.13%O alloy is investigated. A strong hardening effect is demonstrated. The hardening effect appears at about 100°C and is maximal around 400°C. Based on creep and constant strain-rate tests, and scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations, it is concluded that sulfur modifies the deformation kinetics, with no change in the deformation mechanisms. The sulfur effect is viscous-like. The screening of all the potential controlling mechanisms allows us to postulate a sulfur segregation involving modifications of the dislocation core structure and then of the dislocation mobility. Ab initio simulations are consistent with this hypothesis.
Wear of Articulating Surfaces: Understanding Joint Simulation
Authors: Brown SA , Gilbertson LN , Good VD
Published: September 2009

Description

Thirteen peer-reviewed papers provide the latest information on simulator wear testing of orthopedic joint systems, as well as the relationship of simulated wear to clinical wear. Four sections cover:

Total Knee—addresses modeling and motion constraints of total knee simulation; including force control, soft tissue constraints, and slip velocity; and new concepts of modeling with neural networks or computational prediction of wear.

Vertebral Disc—covers simulation of total disc prostheses. These papers represent the early stages of establishing a correlation between wear patterns seen in simulators with those seen in the limited number of retrievals.

Lubricants and General—focuses on the biological effects of lubricants and wear debris. These papers emphasize the importance of effectively separating lubricant absorption from effects of wear and the problem of measuring low wear rates associated with radiation modified polyethylene.

Total Hip—examines different setups for total hip simulators.
Pavement Surface Condition/Performance Assessment: Reliability and Relevancy of Procedures and Technologies
Authors: Choubane Bouzid
Published: September 2009

Description

This new ASTM publication presents the latest information on the practical and developmental aspects of pavement surface evaluation procedures and technologies, including their reliability and relevancy.

Seven peer-reviewed papers cover:

• Pavement surface characteristics measurement procedures and equipment

• Approaches to enhance the reliability and accuracy of pavement surface evaluation systems

• Approaches to harmonization between different measurement devices for specific pavement surface condition indicators

• Assessment of current pavement condition indicators and their relevancy level for use in asset management

• Assessment of factors influencing the interaction of tire/pavement surface characteristics

• Assessment of automated distress survey systems

• Evaluation of new/promising technologies for pavement condition surveys
Comparison Radiographs of Welds: A Progress Report on Behalf of Subcommittee II on Standard Radiographs OP Committee E-7 on Non-Destructive Testing
Authors: Gobus A , Kahn NA
Published: September 2009

Radiography has for many years been the principal method for the non-destructive testing and inspection of materials of industry in their varied stages of production from the initial raw state to the: finished product. The finished products so tested are literally limitless in their variety—weldments, castings, and combinations of these in all of the metals and alloys. In addition, a considerable amount of assembled objects, partially metallic and partially nonmetallic such as glass, rubber, and plastics, is radiographically tested for detection of jointure flaws, or for alignment, or both.
Progress in The Field of Non-Destructive Testing Through The Use of Ultrasonics
Authors: Hitt WC
Published: September 2009

The Reflectoscope is widely used in various types of work at Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc. In some applications, contact scanning is the only practical way of doing a job. Obviously, a railway maintenance inspection would not require an axle to be removed from a car and put in a tank for underwater scanning. In pipe line work a tolerance for surface cracks is established and contact scanning with the aid of a shoe works satisfactorily. Ingots may be more conveniently tested for gas holes and cracks by contact methods.
Roof Flashings and Their Problems
Authors: Gumpertz W. H.
Published: September 2009

Flashings must provide watertight connections between the various roof and wall elements. To do this, they must have flexibility, resistance against deterioration and physical damage, and compatibility with adjoining surfaces. Flashings can be classified into expansion joints, gravel stops and eave flashings, flashings at roof penetrations, connections of horizontal with vertical surfaces, and valleys and gutters. Flashings can be made of metals, built-up ingredients, or elastomeric materials.

Frequent failures of flashings can be caused by omission or improper use of expansion and relief joints; inadequate attention to the mechanical properties of materials involved and their thermal and moisture properties; disregard of design details; use of inadequate quantities of waterproofing materials; inadequate and careless workmanship; and exposure of materials to moisture and other damage before and after installation. Recommendations for proper design and construction of flashings are given.
Taped Joints for Roof Insulation
Authors: Richards D. E.
Published: September 2009

The addition of tape to dog bone specimens of built-up roofing membranes consisting of asphalt-saturated organic, asbestos, and fiberglass, and coal-tar-saturated organic felts (no roof insulation) indicates that the tensile strength is increased from 23 to 73 lb/in. The breaking strain of some membranes increased while decreasing in others where tape was added. The load-strain modulus increased with the addition of tape to the dog bone specimens except for coal tar felts at -4 F. Test temperatures were 73, 32, and -4 F. Tests of built-up roofing specimens consisting of 2 by 4 ft samples of asphalt-saturated organic, asbestos, and glass fiber, and coal-tar-saturated organic felts over mineral aggregate, fibrous glass, wood fiber, or urethane roof insulations, indicate that the addition of tape at the joint increased the breaking strength except for fiberboard roof insulation and asphalt-saturated organic felts. The break strain and the load-strain modulus increased for some specimens while decreasing for others. Test temperatures were 32 and -4 F. The properties of the tape used may not provide for ultimate performance of all membrane systems. Some roof insulations are more suited to take advantage of the increased break strength when tape is used. Bitumen characteristics appear to dominate the behavior at low temperatures. The data are derived from a limited number of tests, and continued research is needed. Roof tape properly installed retains the ply bitumen in the membrane system, resists moisture ingress into the felts, and increases the membrane breaking strength.
Rupture of Built-Up Roofing Components
Authors: Martin K. G.
Published: September 2009

Several bituminous fabrics and bonding asphalts commonly used to construct built-up roofing have been examined in the laboratory at conditions of rupture. The fabrics were tested in tension and the influence of rate of movement and strain precycling examined. The asphalts were tested in shear and investigations made of the influence of rate of movement and temperature. Empirical evaluation of combinations of roofing fabric and bonding asphalt were then made with moving-joint testers. The results have been discussed as a further contribution to the optimum design of these roof membranes.
Evaluation Procedures of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel for Highly Reliable Bearings
Authors: Unigame Yasukazu , Hiraoka Kazuhiko , Takasu Ichiro , Kato Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2009

The improvement in rolling contact fatigue life is a key subject to increase the reliability of bearings. It has been well known that the fatigue properties are significantly affected by nonmetallic inclusions in steel. The rolling contact fatigue life may be divided into two types, according to the type of reliability requirements. One is “L10 life,” which represents general bearing performance. The other is “accidental short life,” where a bearing prematurely fails in its service period and its calculated life is hardly met. Since the probabilities of these failures are significantly different, the distribution densities of the corresponding life-limiting inclusions are also expected to be widely different. When nonmetallic inclusions are evaluated as an index of fatigue life, therefore, testing volume should be appropriately determined according to the concerned type of life. From this point of view, it is effective for the reliability assessment of bearing steel to combine the evaluations of large microscopic inclusions by statistics of extreme value and macroscopic inclusions in larger volume by a high-frequency ultrasonic test. It was found that the L10 life determined by thrust-type rolling-contact fatigue tests was well correlated with maximum micro-inclusion diameter predicted by the statistics of extreme value, where both oxide and sulfide played as life-limiting inclusions. Fifteen MHz ultrasonic testing was employed to evaluate the macroscopic inclusions. The combination of these two procedures was able to demonstrate the difference in reliability clearly, even when other cleanliness indices could not characterize the concerned materials.
Study on Flaking Process in Bearings by White Etching Area Generation
Authors: Hiraoka Kazuhiko , Nagao Misaki , Isomoto Tatsuro
Published: September 2009

White etching area (WEA) is widely known as a microstructural change caused by rolling contact fatigue of a bearing. It has been reported that early flaking accompanied by the WEA occurred in such bearings as those for automotive alternators, and effective measures have been demanded. The WEA type microstructural change has so far been studied in detail, particularly for butterfly, which was metallographically characterized as follows: First, the WEA coexists with microcracks, which was initiated by nonmetallic inclusions and extended at the angle of 45 deg to the raceway. Second, according to the TEM study, the WEA consists of ultrafine grain as small as approximately 10 nm in diameter. The authors want to establish a counter measure against the early flaking from a material side. Its realization requires the clarification of flaking processes, especially the cause-effect relationship between microcrack and WEA, so that an appropriate measure is taken in the prevention of microcrack or WEA itself. In this study, high carbon chromium bearing steel (JIS SUJ2) specimens containing voids with a few μm diameter were prepared through powder metallurgy, and were subjected to rolling contact fatigue tests by thrust-type testers. Many 45 deg microcracks and WEA initiated by the voids were successfully reproduced just below the raceway. It was found by observation that a microcrack forms first and then WEA generation follows. In addition, the stress analysis by computer simulations found out that WEA generates only in the hydrostatic compressive region localized by the presence of the microcrack. Therefore, WEA in rolling contact fatigue is a secondary phenomenon preceded by a microcrack. It was concluded that an effective counter measure against the early flaking with WEA is to improve the resistance to microcrack initiation during rolling contact fatigue.
Soil Properties for Plastic Pipe Installations
Authors: Selig Ernest T.
Published: September 2009

Soil property requirements for the basic trench and embankment installation conditions are discussed. Characteristics of compacted soils are described and representative stress — strain parameters given. Preliminary values of existing ground stiffness properties are suggested. The applications of these properties for analyzing pipe deflection, wall thrust and buckling strength are indicated.
Effect of Rock Content on Compaction Characteristics of Clayey Gravel
Authors: Gordon Bernard B. , Hammond William D. , Miller Robert K.
Published: September 2009

This paper contains results of compaction studies which have been conducted by the California Department of Water Resources on the very rocky soil selected for the impervious core of the Oroville Dam in California. The material studied was a clayey sand to clayey gravel containing a percentage of plus No. 4 U. S. Standard sieve size varying up to 65 per cent by dry weight of total sample. Considerable attention was paid to effect on compaction characteristics of varying maximum particle size, mold diameter, and hammer size and weight. Comparisons were made between the moisture-density relationship as determined by test and as computed using a theoretical rock correction factor. Families of curves were developed which showed the influence of moisture content of the minus No. 4 fraction on total sample dry density. The test results support findings by others that total sample maximum densities deviate from theoretically computed values based on the soil fraction at relatively low rock contents. For tests on the minus 1 ½-in. fraction, however, a very small correction factor is needed. The plasticity of the soil fraction is shown to have a noticeable effect on the total sample maximum density.
Prototype Load-Bearing Tests for Foundations of Structures and Pavements
Authors: Burmister D. M.
Published: September 2009

The determination of pressure-settlement performances of soils “in place ” must be the major objective in developing methods and procedures for load-bearing tests for foundations of structures and pavements. Soils in natural deposits or processed and compacted in embankments or base courses of pavements are always preconditioned and prestressed materials. Soils having different kinds of preconditioning and different levels of prestressing are in reality “new materials” with essentially different, new, and improved performances. As a consequence, there are no simple model-prototype relations between responses of soils in small-scale field tests and full-scale performances that can be used invariably without regard to the natural environmental and service conditions that control. The logical and necessary approach is to make prototype load-bearing tests on soils “in place” to yield significant pressure-settlement relations representative of these environmental and service conditions that can be translated into valid and reliable estimates of full-scale settlement performances. Practical applications of these concepts and principles of simulated performance and prototype load-bearing tests are covered. Suggestions are made for field procedures that incorporate these concepts and principles.
Reaching in Depth: Hand Position Dominates over Binocular Eye Position in the Rostral Superior Parietal Lobule
Authors: Ferraina Stefano , Brunamonti Emiliano , Giusti Maria Assunta , Costa Stefania , Genovesio Aldo , Caminiti Roberto
Published: September 2009

Neural activity was recorded in area PE (dorsorostral part of Brodmann's area 5) of the posterior parietal cortex while monkeys performed arm reaching toward memorized targets located at different distances from the body. For any given distance, arm movements were performed while the animal kept binocular eye fixation constant. Under these conditions, the activity of a large proportion (36%) of neurons was modulated by reach distance during the memory period. By varying binocular eye position (vergence angle) and initial hand position, we found that the reaching-related activity of most neurons (61%) was influenced by changing the starting position of the hand, whereas that of a smaller, although substantial, population (13%) was influenced by changes of binocular eye position (i.e., by the angle of vergence). Furthermore, the modulation of the neural activity was better explained expressing the reach movement end-point, corresponding to the memorized target location, in terms of distance from the initial hand position, rather than from the body. These results suggest that the activity of neurons in area PE combines information about eye and hand position to encode target distance for reaching in depth predominantly in hand coordinates. This encoding mechanism is consistent with the position of PE in the functional gradient that characterizes the parieto-frontal network underlying reaching.
Axonal Targeting of Trk Receptors via Transcytosis Regulates Sensitivity to Neurotrophin Responses
Authors: Ascaño Maria , Richmond Alissa , Borden Philip , Kuruvilla Rejji
Published: September 2009

Axonal targeting of trophic receptors is critical for neuronal responses to extracellular developmental cues, yet the underlying trafficking mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors for target-derived neurotrophins are anterogradely trafficked to axons via transcytosis in sympathetic neurons. Using compartmentalized cultures, we show that mature receptors on neuronal soma surfaces are endocytosed and remobilized via Rab11-positive recycling endosomes into axons. Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis disrupted anterograde transport and localization of TrkA receptors in axons. Anterograde TrkA delivery and exocytosis into axon growth cones is enhanced by nerve growth factor (NGF), acting locally on distal axons. Perturbing endocytic recycling attenuated NGF-dependent signaling and axon growth while enhancing recycling conferred increased neuronal sensitivity to NGF. Our results reveal regulated transcytosis as an unexpected mode of Trk trafficking that serves to rapidly mobilize ready-synthesized receptors to growth cones, thus providing a positive feedback mechanism by which limiting concentrations of target-derived neurotrophins enhance neuronal sensitivity.
APC2 Plays an Essential Role in Axonal Projections through the Regulation of Microtubule Stability
Authors: Shintani Takafumi , Ihara Masaru , Tani Sachiko , Sakuraba Juichi , Sakuta Hiraki , Noda Masaharu
Published: September 2009

Growth cones at the tip of growing axons are key cellular structures that detect guidance cues and mediate axonal growth. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the dynamic regulation of microtubules in the growth cone plays an essential role in growth cone steering. The dynamic properties of microtubules are considered to be regulated by variegated cellular factors but, in particular, through microtubule-interacting proteins. Here, we examined the functional role of adenomatous polyposis coli-like molecule 2 (APC2) in the development of axonal projections by using the chick retinotectal topographic projection system. APC2 is preferentially expressed in the nervous system from early developmental stages through to adulthood. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that APC2 is distributed along microtubules in growth cones as well as axon shafts of retinal axons. Overexpression of APC2 in cultured cells induced the stabilization of microtubules, whereas the knockdown ofAPC2in chick retinas with specific short hairpin RNA reduced the stability of microtubules in retinal axons.APC2 knockdown retinal axons showed abnormal growth attributable to a reduced response to ephrin-A2in vitro. Furthermore, they showed drastic alterations in retinotectal projections without making clear target zones in the tectumin vivo. These results suggest that APC2 plays a critical role in the development of the nervous system through the regulation of microtubule stability.
On the origin of the maternal age effect in trisomy 21 Down syndrome: the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection model
Authors: Hultén Maj A , Patel Suketu , Jonasson Jon , Iwarsson Erik
Published: September 2009

We have recently documented that trisomy 21 mosaicism is common in human foetal ovaries. On the basis of this observation we propose that the maternal age effect in Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the differential behaviour of trisomy 21 in relation to disomy 21 oocytes during development from foetal life until ovulation in adulthood. In particular, we suggest that trisomy 21 oocytes, lagging behind those that are disomic, may escape the timed pruning of the seven million in foetal life to the 300–400 finally selected for ovulation. The net effect of this preferential elimination will be an accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes in the ovarian reserve of older women. We here highlight the implications of this Oocyte Mosaicism Selection (OMS) model with respect to the prevalent view that the maternal age effect is complex, dependent on many different biological and environmental factors. We examine conclusions drawn from recent large-scale studies in families, tracing DNA markers along the length of chromosome 21q between parents and DS children, in comparison to the OMS model. We conclude that these family linkage data are equally compatible with the maternal age effect originating from the accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes with advancing maternal age. One relatively straightforward way to get to grips with what is actually going on in this regard would be to compare incidence of trisomy 21 oocytes (and their pairing configurations) in foetal ovaries with that in oocytes at the meiosis I stage from adult women.
Identification of a region in the human IRS2 promoter essential for stress induced transcription depending on SP1, NFI binding and ERK activation in HepG2 cells
Authors: Udelhoven M , Leeser U , Freude S , Hettich M M , Laudes M , Schnitker J , Krone W , Schubert M
Published: September 2009

Recent studies have discovered changes in the insulin-/IGF1 signaling affecting glucose metabolism and the molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular cancer. Insulin/IGF1 receptor mediates its intracellular effects by recruitment of one out of the four different insulin receptor substrates (IRS). To investigate mechanisms of IRS2 expression, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of IRS2 in human HepG2 cells. We identified a region 688 bp upstream of the translation start codon responsible for ∼90% of basal human IRS2 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and confirmed binding of specificity protein 1 (also called Sp1 transcription factor, SP1) and nuclear factor 1 (NFI) in this region. Mutation of both SP1 and NFI binding sites or inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) suppressed IRS2 promoter activity almost completely, revealing a major role of MAP kinases (MAPK) for IRS2 transcription. Activating this cascade with oxidative stress increased IRS2 promoter activity and endogenous IRS2 expression substantially. IRS2 promoter activity rose even more after additional inhibition of p38MAPK indicating an inhibitory effect of p38MAPK on ERK mediated IRS2 transcription. Activation of the MAPK pathway using interleukin 1, beta (IL1B) increased IRS2 promoter activity similar to oxidative stress. In contrast IL1B decreases and inhibition of the MAPK pathway increases IRS1 promoter activity revealing opposed effects of IL1B and ERK on the expression of different IRS proteins. In conclusion we discovered a specific region (−688 to −611 bp) in the IRS2 promoter essential for basal promoter activity and oxidative stress induced transcription depending on ERK activation and SP1 and NFI binding in human hepatocytes.
Trends in Diabetes Prevalence and Diabetes-Related Complications in Older Mexican Americans From 1993–1994 to 2004–2005
Authors: Beard Holly A. , Al Ghatrif Majd , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Gerst Kerstin , Markides Kyriakos S.
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE

Evidence has shown that Mexican Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes and a greater risk for diabetes-related complications than non-Hispanic whites. However, no studies have described the changes in prevalence among older Mexican Americans. The purpose of this study was to expand on the current literature by examining the trends in diabetes prevalence and diabetes-related complications in Mexican Americans aged ≥75 years from 1993–1994 to 2004–2005.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The prevalences of self-reported diabetes and diabetes-related complications were estimated in the original cohort (1993–1994) and the new cohort (2004–2005) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (Hispanic EPESE) and were compared across the two surveys.

RESULTS

The prevalence of diabetes among Mexican Americans aged ≥75 years has nearly doubled between 1993–1994 and 2004–2005 from 20.3 to 37.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). The increase in the prevalence of diabetes was similar across all sociodemographic factors. Diabetes complications did not change significantly between the two cohorts. However, the prevalence of having any lower-extremity function disability did increase between the two cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of diabetes in older Mexican Americans has increased dramatically. At the same time, there has been no improvement in diabetes-related complications as has been found in the general older population. These findings heighten the urgency for more effective public health interventions targeted to this population. As diabetes and obesity become more prevalent in older adults, physicians should encourage appropriate management in older patients, including early detection and glycemic control.
Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Sia Ching Ling , Korzeniewski Kelly , Chaudhuri Ajay , Fernandez-Real Jose Manuel , Dandona Paresh
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured.

RESULTS

HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P < 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit.

CONCLUSIONS

The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Oxo(diperoxo)(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)-molybdenum(VI)
Authors: Amarante Tatiana  R. , Almeida Paz Filipe  A. , Gago Sandra , Gonçalves Isabel  S. , Pillinger Martyn , Rodrigues Alírio  E. , Abrantes Marta
Published: September 2009

The oxodiperoxo complex MoO(O2)2(tbbpy) (tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'- bipyridine) was isolated from the reaction of MoO2Cl2(tbbpy) in water under microwaveassisted heating at 120 ºC for 4 h. The structure of the oxodiperoxo complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The MoVI centre is seven-coordinated with a geometry which strongly resembles a highly distorted bipyramid. Individual MoO(O2)2(tbbpy) complexes are interdigitated along the [010] direction to form a column. The crystal structure is formed by the close packing of the columnar-stacked complexes. Interactions between neighbouring columns are essentially of van der Waals type mediated by the need to effectively fill the available space.
Lessons from Participatory Evaluation of Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province, China: Overview of the Effectiveness of Technologies and Issues Related to Technology Adoption
Authors: Subedi Madhu , Hocking Trevor J. , Fullen Michael A. , McCrea Alison R. , Milne Eleanor
Published: September 2009

Increasing crop production, while maintaining sustainability, is a priority for agricultural development projects, particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the factors contributing to the effectiveness of agricultural development projects in improving the sustainability of cropping systems in a small upland watershed in south-west China. This involved a review of recent related projects and detailed evaluation of one project: the SHASEA Project. Farmers’ perceptions of several agricultural technologies are discussed, along with factors contributing to farmers’ adoption of these technologies. Local, national and international institutions need to adopt several strategies to improve project effectiveness and agro-environmental sustainability.
1970 en Indonésie
Authors: Genest Jules
Published: September 2009

I. 1) Jules Genest telah menjusun sebuah kronik Indonesia untuk tahun 1970 jang, sesuai dengan namanja, lebih bertudjuan membawakan suasana kedjadian se-hari2 dengan segala daja tarik jang dikan- dungnja, daripada menjuguhkan sebuah analisa ilmiah dari kedjadian2 itu. Meskipun demikian dia menganggap perlu untuk mengingatkan kembali sedjarah terdjadinja peristiwa2 tersebut. Selain kedjadian2 penting jang dibawakan sesuai dengan suasana waktu itu, banjak djuga kedjadian se-hari2, jang segera dilupakan oleh sedjarah, tetapi telah mendjadi buah pembitjaraan umum biarpun hanja selama beberapa waktu. Kronik ini harus dapat memberikan keterangan2 jang tjukup baik tentang Indonesia ke- pada para pembatja jang djauh.
Lantaran Ajip Rosidi
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: September 2009

3. Henri Chambert-Loir kemudian mentjoba untuk memberikan suatu pendapat tentang gaja sastra Ajip; gaja jang berlimpahan dimana kita sering harus mentjari-tjari maksud sebenarnja dan tidak selalu bisa kami temui (sering didapati terutama pemakaian kata lantaran); gaja jang padat dan kaja itu sering sukar untuk diterdjemahkan setjara integral kedalam bahasa asing.
Perdjalanan Penganten (traduction et présentation par Henri Chambert-Loir)
Authors: Rosidi Ajip
Published: September 2009

4. Henri Chambert-Loir menjampaikan terdjemahan beberapa karja Ajip dalam bahasa Perantjis, jang melukiskan kisah hidup pengarang sendiri: petikan dari buku Perdjalanan Penganten dan tjeritera pendek Kambing.
Retour à Djatiwangi
Authors: Labrousse P.
Published: September 2009

5. Sebagai penutup Pierre Labrousse melukiskan kundjungannja pada bulan Maret 1971 ke Djatiwangi, kota kelahiran pengarang Ajip Rosidi (disebelah barat daja Tjirebon) dengan ditemani oleh pengarang itu sendiri. Kesan2-nja itu dibumbui dengan kenang2-annja setelah membatja tulisan2 Ajip serta banjak memberikan tempat untuk petikan2 jang diambil dari karja pengarang tersebut.
Les forces politiques indonésiennes et les élections générales de 1971
Authors: Cayrac-Blanchard Françoise
Published: September 2009

5. F. Cayrac-Blanchard (Centre d'Etudes de Relations Internationales, Paris) mentjoba memberikan analisanja dari evolusi ke- kuatan2 politik di Indonesia melalui kampanje pemilihan umum dan pemilihan umum itu sendiri tahun 1971.
Les bandes dessinées en Indonésie : diffusion et public
Authors: Bonneff Marcel
Published: September 2009

3. Dalam sebuah artikel tentang Taman batjaan (petikan dari sebuah tes is jang sedang dipersiapkan), Marcel Bonneff, lektor pada Universitas Gadjah Mada, menelaah masalah penjebaran ko mik2 dalam masarakat Indonesia sekarang: penjebaran komik2 mulai dari dua pusat pentjetakan jang besar, di Djakarta dan Bandung, pembagiannja pada taman2 batjaan dimana para pembatja datang untuk membatjadengan membajar uang sewa jang rendah sekali, tjiri2 pembatja dilihat dari umur dan golongan sosial.
A travers le vieux Djakarta (1) ["La mosquée des Balinais".]
Authors: L D.
Published: September 2009

4. Dengan ARCHIPEL 3, mulailah sebuah rubrik baru, ,,Melintasi Djakarta masa dulu", dimana berturut-turut akan disuguhan beberapa gedung kuno di Ibu kota. Kali ini, akan diperkenalkan ,,Mesdjid Bali" jang terletak di Kampung Angke (disebelah barat Djakarta) dan di- bangun tahun 1761 untuk masjarakat ketjil beragama Bali dan jang waktu itu menetap ditempat tersebut.
Notes sur quelques populations aquatiques de l'Archipel nusantarien
Authors: Pelras Christian
Published: September 2009

(2) Christian Pelras (CRNS, Paris) next confronts the conclusions advanced by D.E. Sopher in his work The Sea Nomads (Singapore, 1965) with the informations that he, himself had collected on the occasion of his brief meetings with three "aquatic" populations of the archipeliago : namely, the Duano, who are settled at the mouths of a certain number of rivers in the State of Jahor in the Malaka Straits, and their neighbours, whom the Malays call for this reason Orang Kuala (The people of the Mouth); the Selétar, who are found around the marshy delta of the Pulai River, near the Straits of Jahor; and the Sama, better known in the literature under the name of Bajo. Who live in the Gulf of Boné (Celebes).

In the light of these facts, it appears that neither on the level of material culture, nor on that of institutions, nor on that of language, are these different populations to be simply assimulated one to another. Their diversity is such that at the present time there can be no question of a certain cultural unity or even less of an ethnic one.

However, the comparisons of vocabularies shows that, contrary to the western groups, the eastern groups located from northern Borneo and the Suli Sea to the Lesser Sunda Islands, even though fragmented and often considering themselves perfectly distinct one from another, in fact all speak dialects of the same original language. That original community is also known by the fact that they are all known by the same names of Bajo (Bajau) or Sama (Samar, Samales). On the other hand the western speech and the eastern dialets have in common a clear affinity with Malay, which seems to confirm the hypothesis of Sopher according to which the center of difusion of these populations is to be Sound in the archipeliago. It is therefore not excluded that they could have a common origin with the Malays; their different histories and their present localazations are perhaps to be connected with the history of the maritime states of Sumatra and with the geography of certain commercial fishermen of archipelago.
Société peranakan et utopie: deux romans sino-malais (1934-1939)
Authors: Salmon-Lombard Claudine
Published: September 2009

4. Claudine Lombard-Salmon (CNRS, Paris) memperkenalkan dua buah roman Melaju-Tionghoa jang ditulis pada tahun 1934 dan 1939 oleh seorang pengarang peranakan Liem-Khing-hoo (nama samaran Romano) dan kedua2nja terbit dalam madjalah Tjerita Roman jang ter- bit sebelum perang di Surabaja. Roman pertama berdjudul Berdjoeang mentjeriterakan bagaimana segolongan penganggur tjina di Djawa me- mutuskan untuk melepaskan diri dari kesengsaraan dengan mendiri- kan suatu masjarakat jang ideal di hutan2 Kalimantan; roman kedua berdjudul Masjarakat menggambarkan pedagang2 di Djawa Timur jang mentjoba untuk menanggulangi kesukaran2 ekonomi jang menim- pa mereka, dengan mempersatukan diri, dan mengorganisir produksi dan dengan mentjoba untuk mengurangi pengangguran dengan sistim kapitalis sosial.

Kedua roman utopik ini mengungkapkan pribadi pengarangnja sendiri, pribadi jang terpetjah antara idé2 barat dan nilai nenek mojang- nja Tionghoa, dan djuga rasa takut dirobohkannja sistim bordjuis pe- ranakan oleh "malaise" sebelum tahun 30.
De la signification du film silat
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

13. Film silat mulai dikenal di Paris tetapi segelin tir orang saja yang dapat memahaminya. Melalui esai ini Denys Lombard mengungkapkan kembali pendekatan dengan dunia persilatan lama yang ada di Nusantara.
Pages d'exotisme (VI) : Une utopie en Insulinde : les Lettres de Malaisie de Paul Adam (1898).
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: September 2009

5. Kali ini ruangan Pages d'exotisme diisi dengan novel Perancis Lettres de Malaisie (''Surat-surat dari Malaya") oleh Paul Adam yang terbit pada tahun 1898.
More light on malay manuscripts
Authors: Jones Russell
Published: September 2009

II. 1. Russell Jones (S.O.A.S. Londres) propose de réexaminer les collections de manuscrits malais, en considérant leurs caractéristiques extérieures, et notamment les filigranes de leurs papiers qui peuvent être un important critère de datation.
Le renouveau d'un rituel royal : les Garebeg à Yogyakarta
Authors: Bonneff Marcel
Published: September 2009

2. Marcel Bonneff (CNRS, Paris) décrit un des rituels les plus somptueux de Java central : le garebeg. Bien que relié au calendrier musulman, il s'agit en fait d'un antique rituel royal (qui remonte sans doute à l'époque de Mojopahit), consacrant l'union du souverain et de son peuple. Bien que la royauté ait disparu comme telle à Java, ce rituel vient de connaitre un singulier renouveau, à partir de 1971.
Pour une approche structurale de la poésie indonésienne
Authors: Santa-Maria Luigi
Published: September 2009

5. Luigi Santa-Maria (Universitas Napoli) mengajukan suatu pene- litian dengan metode "structuraliste" terhadap kesusasteraan Indonesia, khususnya dalam bentuk sajak. Dengan mengambil beberapa contoh, terutama soneta dari Moh. Hatta, yang tidak begitu dikenal.
Introduction to the Sa'dan Toraja people and their country
Authors: Nooy-Palm C.H.M.
Published: September 2009

1) Ny. C.H. Nooy Palm (Jurusan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Koninklijk Institut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam) terlebih dulu akan me- nyampaikan suatu gambaran umum tentang orang-orang Toraja dan daerahnya (lokasi, bahasa), selanjutnya membeberkan dengan singkat organisasi daerah tata praja, susunan sosial dan kekeluargaan dan penulis akhirnya menutup artikel ini dengan suatu pendapat tentang sifat Toraja. Kemudian penulis menya- jikan sebuah ikhtisar dari agama Toraja dengan membahas pandangan alam, roh dan dewa, dan terutama rituil mereka. Rituil tersebut dibagi dua : di satu pihak rituil Timur dan Timur laut ialah rituil kehidupan yang bersangkutan dengan dewa-dewa, dan di pihak lain rituil Barat dan Barat daya ialah rituil kematian yang bersangkutan dengan nenek moyang yang belum didewakan. Dengan singkat diuraikan tujuan, tahap- tahap terpenting dan pendeta masing-masing rituil itu.
Chronique l'Indonésie 1974
Authors: Cayrac Françoise
Published: September 2009

I. 1. Françoise Cayrac (CERI, Paris) meneruskan kronik Indonesia

dengan kejadian-kejadian penting selama tahun 1974 — ter- utama mengenai peristiwa bulan Januari.
La recherche au Département d'Histoire de la Faculté des Lettres de Tananarive
Authors: Rantoandro Gabriel
Published: September 2009

2. Gabriel Rantoandro (Faculté des Lettres, Tananarive) mem- bawakan hasil-hasil riset para ahli Jurusan Sejarah Universitas Madagaskar yang telah sejak beberapa tahun mempelajari arsip- arsip Madagaskar. Sebagian besar dari thesis yang ditulis se- bagai hasil riset tersebut (dua diantaranya telah diterbitkan) meliputi sejarah ekonomi dan politik abad ke XIX.
La "Polémique sur la Culture" (1935-1939): L'Indonésie doit-elle prendre des leçons de l'Occident ?
Authors: Zaini-Lajoubert Monique
Published: September 2009

3. Monique Lajoubert (CNRS, Paris) memperkenalkan dan menterjemahkan beberapa teks penting yang dikumpulkan oleh Achdiat Karta Mihardja dalam bukunya Polemik Kebudayaan (Jakarta, 1948); Artikel-artikel itu oleh Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana, Sanusi Pane, Purbatjaraka yang sejak sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua mempersoalkan secara teoritis suatu pertanyaan yang mericuhkan hati, "kepribadian Indonesia" : "apakah Indonesia harus menerima ajaran-ajaran dari Barat ?"
Pages d'Exotisme (VIII): Perles dans la rizère
Authors: Labrousse Pierre
Published: September 2009

5. Dalam halaman ke delapannya ruangan eksotisme, Pierre Labrousse (INLCO) menyampaikan serangkaian "kekeliruan yang menggelikan", yang dikiimpulkan sejak beberapa bulan dari tulisan-tulisan jurnalistik dan terutama kepariwisataan mengenai Indonesia dan yang masih terus beredar. Tulisan- tulisan tersebut sangatlah menyalahi kenyataan.
The Court Dances of Central Java and their Relationship to Classical Indian Dancing.
Authors: Brakel Clara
Published: September 2009

2. Clara Brakel (Monash University) takes a comprehensive look at Javanese dances and considères the much-debated question of their connection with the dances of India. The problem is a complex one ; certain resemblances can be seen (for example the choice of themes borrowed from the great epics Râmâyana or Màhàbhârata) ; but caution is called for, since the contexts appear to have been very different, and the opposition gagdh/ halus does not correspond very closely with the opposition tândava/lâsya which obtains in India.
Les mots merdeka et revolusi chez Sukarno : étude de vocabulaire politique indonésien
Authors: Hussein-Jouffroy Anne-Marie
Published: September 2009

— Anne-Marie Jouffroy publie ici l'un des chapitres les plus importants de sa thèse sur le vocabulaire politique de Soekarno. A partir de dépouillements et de dénombrements très précis, conduits dans le vaste ensemble de la proses soekarnienne, l'auteur parvient à suivre l'évolution de deux concepts-clés : celui de Merdéka et celui de Révolusi.
Un intellectuel malgache devant la culture européenne : l'historien Raombana (1809-1854)
Authors: Ayache Simon
Published: September 2009

II. Simon Ayache (Universitas Madagaskar, Tananarive) memaparkan pengalaman Raombana yang luar biasa, salah seorang cendekiawan Madagaskar yang pertama, yang dalam dirinya telah mendarah daging pengaruh kebudayaan Barat ; dia diberangkatkan oleh Raja Radama I tahun 1820 untuk menuntut pelajaran di Inggris bersama saudara laki-lakinya Rahaniraka dan kembali ke Madagaskar tahun 1829. Kemudian dia menduduki jabatan penting dalam istana Ratu Ranavalona I dan menulis sejarah tentang rak- yatnya dalam bahasa Inggris.
Lenong in the environs of Jakarta : a report
Authors: Grijns Cornells Dirk
Published: September 2009

— CD. Grijns (Institut Royal, Leiden) telah mengadakan peneliti- an dengan seksama di daerah sekitar Jakarta dan mengumpul- kan semua bentuk kesenian rakyat yang ada. Di sini Grijns menulis tentang pertunjukan Lenong, khusus di daerah ping- giran, suatu tradisi Betawi dimana Si Jago memainkan peranan utama.
Les études sur l'Asie du Sud-Est au Canada
Authors: de Koninck R.
Published: September 2009

I. R. de Koninck menyampaikan gambaran studi tentang Asia Tenggara di Canada.
Le septième Congrès des Historiens d'Asie; Bangkok, août 1977
Authors: Népote Jacques
Published: September 2009

J. Népote memberi laporan tentang Konggres Sejarawan Asia ke VII yang berlangsung di Bangkok pada bulan Agustus 1977. Konggre» tersebut diikuti 500 peserta, sebagian besar adalah para peneliti bangsa Asia, yang terutama mereka telah memperbincangkan masalah-masalah studi modern tentang Asia dalam hubungan dengan apa yang telah di- tinggalkan oleh peneliti zaman kolonial.
Le Second Séminaire international d'Histoire Indo-portugaise — Lisbonne, 20-24 octobre 1980
Authors: Thomaz Luis Filipe F. R.
Published: September 2009

The second International Seminar on. Indo-Portuguese History —Lisbon, 20-24 October 1980 (Luis Filipe F.R. Thomaz).
Rapport préliminaire sur les Manuscrits anciens et les vestiges épigraphiques de Ternate et Tidore
Authors: Muarif Ambary Hasan
Published: September 2009

Hassan Muarif Ambary, Preliminary Report on the early Manus cripts and epigraphic Remains of Tcrnate and Tidore.
Chronologie comparée des Littératures malaise et birmane
Authors: Bernot Denise , Zaini-Lajoubert Monique
Published: September 2009

Denise Bernot dan Monique Zaini-Lajoubert, Kronologi per- bandingan kesusastraan Melayu dan Birma.