bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards multilingualism in English‑medium higher education
Authors: Dafouz Emma , Smit Ute
Published: January 2022

Reflecting the global push for internationalisation, higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced a surge
in English-medium education in multilingual university settings (EMEMUS). Of the many topics and angles pursued in the equally
vast research landscape, multilingualism has so far received comparatively less attention, especially when approached from the
perspective of students. By combining recent conceptualisations of multilingualism and of EMEMUS, this paper offers a qualified
literature review, discussing four research scenarios that foreground different student groups and some of their multilingual
experiences and practices. Based on the ROAD‑MAPPING framework, such discussions retain a level of detail that allows for a
comprehensive interpretation across scenarios, offering insights into the complexity and fluidity of multilingualism within
EMEMUS.
English language teaching and English-medium instruction
Authors: McKinley Jim , Rose Heath
Published: January 2022

The role of English language teaching (ELT) in English-medium instruction (EMI) can vary widely depending on education policy objectives and teachers’ responses to EMI students’ language and learning needs. In this paper, we provide a narrative review of a growing number of studies reporting language-related challenges as the foremost barrier to successful implementation of EMI. Such research highlights the fundamental roles that English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Specific Purposes have in the provision of targeted language support for EMI students. Based on this review, we set a future research agenda, calling for explorations into the efficacy of English language programs for supporting EMI students to reach educational outcomes. We also call for explorations of greater collaboration between English language practitioners and content lecturers to ensure the right type of language support is being provided to students. The paper ends with a discussion for the need to reposition EAP as English for Specific Academic Purposes to ensure students’ specific academic needs are met. Essentially, universities offering EMI will need to account for their unique institutional characteristics to ensure ELT provision is central in organizational and curricular structures; otherwise, they may be setting their own students up to fail.
The communicative participation in pre-school children estimated by the FOCUS questionnaire
Authors: Piazzalunga Silvia , Salerni Nicoletta , Ambrogi Federico , Limarzi Sofia , Gianera Sabrina , Schindler Antonio
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Participation-outcome measures are required in the phoniatric and speech-language pathology practice to evaluate real-life changes during interventions. In line with the bio-psycho-social model of health, ‘Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six’ (FOCUS) is a validated scale by which parents rate their child’s Communicative Participation (CP). CP has been widely investigated in atypically-developing population, and it may be an innovative construct also for typically-developing children (TDC). The aim of the study is to describe the CP and its components observed in a large group of TDC, exploring whether children’s CP is influenced by their age.

Method

Through a cross-sectional observational study, parents of 355 Italian-speaking TDC aged 3.0–5.11 years without developmental impairments completed the Italian FOCUS (FOCUS-I).

Result

CP significantly increased with age (p < .001). Components’ scores differed by age, with some competences (‘pragmatics’, ‘receptive language/attention’, ‘social competence/play’, ‘coping strategies/emotions’) increased with age less than others (‘speech’, ‘intelligibility’, ‘independence’, ‘expressive language’).

Conclusion

The study suggests that a spontaneous significant increase in CP should be expected with a child’s development and it discusses the differences in the profile scores. When exploring real-life communicative participation, parents rate their children as changing mostly in their speech and expressive-linguistic competences.
Subsequent comparison of measurements of neutron source emission rate (2012) - CCRI(III)-K9.AmBe.1
Authors: Roberts N J , Hui Zhang
Published: January 2022

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Fountain fringe field switching (FFFS) for wide viewing angle LCDs
Authors: Komitov Lachezar , Barbero Giovanni , Ibn Elhaj Mohammed , Morawiak Przemysław , Piecek Wiktor
Published: January 2022

To reduce or completely remove the viewing angle dependence of liquid crystal (LC) displays and devices, we have recently introduced a new electrode structure for LC displays. This electrode structure has openings (holes) in the pixel electrode (PixE) for generating fringe electric field with azimuthal degenerated distribution of the field lines around each hole, resembling a fountain. Such a field is promoting azimuthally degenerated switching of the LC molecules and thus generation of images with 360° viewing angle constant contrast when a pair of crossed circular polarisers are used. A theoretical model of the fountain fringe field, generated around a single circular hole and plurality of such holes in the PixE, is presented.
Micromagnetic prediction strain and current co-mediated spindynamics in skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator
Authors: Cui Shuting , Zhu Mingmin , Qiu Yang , Guo Rongdi , Wu Guohua , Yu Guoliang , Zhou Haomiao
Published: January 2022

In this article, we theoretically investigate the influence of strain on the oscillation frequency characteristics of a skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator (STNO) using micromagnetic simulations. The system consists of an ultrathin nanopillar magnetic film with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions and a ring-shaped region to offer a tunable spatial strain source. The applied strain gives rise to an extra effective field in the magnetic film through magnetoelastic coupling and forms a strong confined potential for skyrmion dynamics. Our simulation results show that the operation frequency of the STNO can be effectively modulated by the strain. Furthermore, we introduce a simplified analytical expression of the skyrmion gyration dynamics to explain the micromagnetic simulation results. Our results will be useful in the development of wide-range frequency-tunable microwave emitters and frequency-shift keying for wireless communication.
Plasma re-activation: a promising approach to enhance chemical activity for plasma activated water
Authors: Wang Sitao , Liu Zhijie , Pang Bolun , Gao Yuting , Xu Dehui , Liu Dingxin , Kong Michael G
Published: January 2022

Plasma activated water (PAW) is a green prospective solution for a wide range of biotechnology applications. However, the drawback for the transient chemical activity of PAW would make it lose versatility in possible applications. Herein, we propose a promising approach for plasma re-activation aimed at enhancing the chemical activity of PAW again before it entirely decays. Our results indicate that the PAW generated by re-activation displays superior physicochemical properties and higher production of RONS. Especially, the concentrations of ONOO−/O2
− and H2O2 by re-activation can remarkably increase by 17.88% and 34.83% compared to the initial activation, respectively. Furthermore, the low temperature storage shows excellent synergetic effects with re-activation, indicating that the re-activation actually enhances the chemical activity of PAW to a higher level. The possible reasons for high chemical activity of PAW by plasma re-activation may be affected by the synergistic effect of multi-factors including the residual RONS in stored PAW and the lower pH value, temperatures of electrode and liquid during re-activation. This study provides good insight into the nature of liquid chemistry for PAW prepered by plasma re-activation, and demonstrates a new alternative for improving the chemical activity of PAW.
Testing the superposition model in small CORSIKA shower simulations
Authors: Wibig Tadeusz
Published: January 2022

The idea of superposition in the high-energy interactions of cosmic ray nuclei and the development of extensive air showers initiated by them has been known for more than half a century. It has been thoroughly and successfully tested in a number of simulations for primary energies around 1015 and above. In this work, we will investigate its applicability to lower energies. At the lowest energies, when the shower contains on average about one charged particle (or even less), deviations from the superposition model can be seen in the simulation results. Fluctuations of higher moments of the main shower parameters are systematically broader than expected. Further studies to confirm superposition in particular in the shower longitudinal profile are in progress. A correct description of the longitudinal development of the small shower, a precise description of its fluctuations on the observational level with a correct implementation of the superposition principle will enable to construct a simple and fast phenomenological algorithm generating small showers indispensable for the interpretation of measurements made using a small local shower array and determination of the flux of single, incoherent, secondary cosmic ray particles.
Collective motion in γ-unstable nuclei within energy-dependent Davidson potential and deformation dependent mass formalisms
Authors: Baid S , Lahbas A , Oulne M
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose an exactly solvable model which is constructed by considering energy-dependent Davidson potential in the β part of the generalized version of the collective quadrupole Bohr Hamiltonian (BH) within deformation-dependent mass (DDM) formalism. Analytical expression of the energy spectra and corresponding wave functions are derived by means of the asymptotic iteration method. The combined effect of DDM and the energy dependence of the potential coupling constant is duly investigated. Also, the numerical calculations of the electric quadrupole transition ratios and energy spectrum of several nuclei undergoing a γ-unstable shape phase transition are performed and compared with experimental data as well as with other theoretical models. Besides, we investigate the correlation between both formalisms: energy-dependent potential and DDM, through solutions of BH for transition nuclei in the limit E(5) with Davidson potential.
A versatile technology for colloidal crystal transfer using parylene coatings and hydrosoluble polymers
Authors: Ushkov Andrei A , Dellea Olivier , Lebaigue Olivier , Poncelet Olivier , Verrier Isabelle , Lefkir Yaya , Jourlin Yves
Published: January 2022

We propose a novel versatile colloidal crystal transfer technique compatible with a wide range of water-insoluble substrates regardless of their size, material, and wettability. There are no inherent limitations on colloidal particles material and size. The method possibilities are demonstrated via the colloidal transfer on quartz, glass substrates with a flat and curved surface, and via the fabrication of 3D colloidal structure with 5 overlaid colloidal monolayers. The process occurs at a room temperature in water and is independent from the illumination conditions, which makes it ideal for experimental manipulations with sensitive functional substrates. We performed the nanosphere photolithography process on a photosensitive substrate with a transferred colloidal monolayer. The metallized hexagonal arrays of nanopores demonstrated a clear resonant plasmonic behavior. We believe that due to its high integration possibilities the proposed transfer technique will find applications in a large-area surface nanotexturing, plasmonics, and will speed up a device fabrication process.
Analysis of secondary emission mechanism in electron avalanches propagating in cylindrical nanoruptures in liquid water
Authors: Bonaventura Zdeněk , Bílek Petr , Tungli Ján , Šimek Milan
Published: January 2022

Recently, a bouncing-like mechanism for electron multiplication inside long nano-ruptures during the early stages of nanosecond discharge in liquid water has been proposed in (Bonaventura 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
30 065023). This mechanism leads to the formation of electron avalanches within nano-ruptures caused by strong electrostrictive forces. The avalanche propagation is a self-sustaining process: the electrons emitted from the water surface to the cavity support the propagation of the avalanche and the avalanche itself is a source of the parent electrons impinging on the surface of the nano-rupture and causing secondary emission. We analyze the process of the electron secondary emission directly from the simulation results of the electron avalanche propagation. This allow us to perform an in situ study of the secondary emission and related physical processes. We present the results of an extensive parametric study performed using the state-of-the-art simulation toolkit Geant4-DNA for modeling electron-liquid water interactions. It is shown that the typical lifetime of an electron in an avalanche is about 0.1 to 0.2 picoseconds and that the electron experiences about 4 bounces before ending up in liquid water. In addition, it is shown that the secondary electrons are formed in a layer adjacent to the nano-rupture surface that is only a few nanometres thin. The secondary electron velocity distribution at the moment of the electron birth, the velocity space of electrons (re-)emitted from the water, and the velocity space of electrons at the moment of their impact to the cavity surface are analyzed in detail. Electron bouncing and secondary electron generation efficiency are quantified using the secondary emission coefficient, the secondary emission efficiency, and the effective energy consumed to produce new electrons.
Design, simulation, and experimental investigation on a novel multi-mode piezoelectric acoustofluidic device for ICF target manipulation
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Liang , Feng Haoren , Jin Jiamei , Yin Qiang
Published: January 2022

The Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets are hollow glass microspheres with strong viscosity, easy agglomeration, small diameter, and fragile structure. The size and morphology of the ICF target are crucial to the success of ICF experiment. To obtain qualified targets, the manual detection method and automatic detection systems are mainly employed. However, hard contact existed between the targets and the manipulation platform in both methods, which may cause target damage. To solve this issue, a novel multi-mode piezoelectric acoustofluidic manipulation device is proposed to achieve the non-contact manipulation of sub-millimeter size ICF targets during detection process. The proposed device mainly consists of a disk-shaped container and a four-transducer array. Standing and traveling vibration modes can be separately stimulated in the container when the four-transducer array is excited with a specific signal sequence. The modal simulation is first conducted to determine the dimensional parameters and required vibration modes. Furthermore, the acoustic streaming field simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the modal simulation and interpret the manipulation mechanism. Then, the correctness of the simulation results is demonstrated through the experiments. In the experiments, the influences of the driving frequency, target diameter, and excitation voltage on the linear manipulation are investigated through an image recognition program, respectively. The target can be linearly manipulated, and has a maximum speed of 19.10 mm s−1 at 21.5 kHz. Furthermore, with the increase of the target diameter and excitation voltage, the speed of the target increases. Finally, the rotational manipulation of the targets are conducted, and the target can effectively rotate in the container at the driving frequency of 24.6 kHz. The proposed acoustofluidic manipulation device holds the merits of simple structure, low-frequency, multi-mode, and large particle manipulation ability, which may provide technical support for the detection and filter of ICF targets.
One-dimensional traveling wave type linear piezoelectric moving platform driven by a new two-frequency two-mode excitation method
Authors: Tai Shih-Lun , Lee Chih-Kung
Published: January 2022

The traveling waves of linear traveling wave type piezoelectric motors are not easy to stabilize due to its finite boundary structure. The traditional two-mode excitation method is a method which can excite two modes to generate traveling waves in a finite structure. However, the drawback of the traditional method is that it does not allow for adjustment of the final output velocity. Also, this method is characterized by having low efficiency. The velocity of the generated traveling waves is constant unless the excited modes are changed. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called a two-frequency two-mode excitation method which uses a piezoelectric actuator to simultaneously excite two modes to generate traveling waves. The two frequencies chosen possess a ratio where the excited frequencies are close to two resonant modes. In addition, the two excited frequencies are simultaneously an integer ratio to a specific frequency and have a least one common multiple, as small as possible. This approach can generate stable traveling waves such that the velocity of the traveling waves can be adjusted by the two frequencies. Our theoretical predictions were validated by numerical calculations and experimental data. A Hilbert transform was used to optimize the traveling waves generated. A morphological opening was used to track the traveling wave trajectories. The obtained results show that this method can generate stable traveling waves where the wave velocity can be adjusted by mixing the frequency signals.
Interface electrode and enhanced actuation performance of SiO2-GO/PFSA-based IPMC soft actuators
Authors: Tian Aifen , Sun Yue , Li Jiahua , Zhang Xinrong , Feng Bin , Du Huiling
Published: January 2022

In this study, ‘three-dimensional structure’ nanohybrid particle (SiO2-GO) were synthesized by in situ hydrolysis and composited with perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) to increase the water uptake (WUP) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the cast membranes. Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) soft actuators were fabricated based on the cast pure PFSA, GO/PFSA and SiO2-GO/PFSA membranes. The morphology and properties of IPMC were researched, and the relationship between them was analyzed in this article. The mechanism of SiO2-GO particles enhancing the properties of IPMC was revealed. The effects of incorporating GO and SiO2-GO on IPMC actuators were analyzed using physicochemical and electromechanical measurements comparing with the corresponding behavior of pure PFSA-based IPMC actuators. Morphology of IPMC showed effective incorporation of GO and SiO2-GO and clarified the dependency of Pt interface electrode on the SiO2-GO content of the PFSA membranes. The addition of SiO2-GO increased dramatically the WUP and IEC of the PFSA membranes and autuation performance of the IPMC actuators. The IPMC with 1 wt% SiO2-GO showed superb properties. The displacement of 1 wt% SiO2-GO under 3 V AC voltage reached 28.4 mm, which is 3.2 times higher than that of the pure PFSA. The maximum displacement under DC voltage reached 44.7 mm (5.5 V), and the blocking force reached 43.2 mN (5 V), which increased respectively 1.1 times and two times.
Robust half-metallic spin-gap in Co2CrAl: doping and strain engineering
Authors: Islam A , Zulfiqar M , Nazir S , Ni Jun
Published: January 2022

Half-metallic ferromagnetic (HM FM) materials with sizeable HM-gap have grabbed a lot of attention as they provide high spin-filtering and reduce the spin-flipping, which are necessary parameters for the manufacturing of magnetic memory devices. Herein, the effect of 3d transition metals (TM = Ti, V, Mn, and Fe) doping at Cr site on the electronic and magnetic properties of full-Heusler Co2CrAl compound is investigated utilizing ab-initio calculations. The negative formation energies for all doped systems confirm their structural stability at ambient pressure. Our results revealed that undoped and all the TM-doped systems exhibit a stable HM FM state. The Cr d

yz
and

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbitals are mainly responsible for conductivity in the spin-majority channel with a small contribution from d

xy
/

d

x

2

−

y

2

states in each case. It is also found the admixture of t
2g
and e

g
characteristics of TM ions in the spin-magnetization density iso-surfaces, where magnetism is discussed by analyzing the electronic spin state configurations. Moreover, it is found that half-metallicity in all systems is robust and can be preserved by the compression/elongation of the unit cell volume up to 10%. Finally, the Bader charge analysis exhibits that all the motifs contain a mixture of covalent and ionic characteristics. Hence, the present work suggests that 3d TM-doped Co2CrAl structures are of great interest for the development of extremely capable data storage devices.
Electronic structure models for lead chalcogenide system
Authors: Hamodi A , Mahmood Natheer B , Hamodi Y I , Saeed Farqad R , Naji K K
Published: January 2022

Pb1-x
Sn
x
Te is a topological crystalline insulator system with an even number of band Dirac cone at 001,110 and 111 orientations, which represent a trivial system under Kane Mele classification. However, in the past few years, the topological surface states feature in Pb1-x
Sn
x
Te that protected by mirror symmetry drew attention. In contrast to Kane Mele’s topological material that protects by time-reversal symmetry. Pb1-x
Sn
x
Te system has a crystal structure phase transition that can drive the topological features of the system. A systematic study on the energy band gap versus temperature and composition shows an interesting regime at x = (0.3–0.7) and T = 70–130 K. (i.e. the topological crystalline insulator regime, phase transition regime). In this paper, we focused on how the following parameters (energy bandgap, temperature T, composition x) connect by three stander models.
Quantized vortices in superfluid dark matter
Authors: Mauland R. , Elgarøy Ø.
Published: January 2022

In 2015 Berezhiani & Khoury proposed a Superfluid Dark Matter (SFDM) model where dark matter condenses and forms a superfluid on galactic scales. In the superfluid state phonons interact with baryons, resulting in a behavior similar to that of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). If one assumes that the DM condensate rotates along with the galaxy, a grid of vortices should form throughout the superfluid component if the rotation is fast enough. We aim to investigate the size and impact of the vortices on surrounding baryons, and to further investigate the parameter space of the model. We also look for a possible vortex solution of the Lagrangian presented for the SFDM theory. We first take a simple approach and investigate vortex properties in a constant density DM halo, applying knowledge from condensed matter physics. We then use the zero-temperature condensate density profile as a template to vary the DM particle mass and the energy scale, Λ, of the SFDM model. Further, we attempt to find a vortex solution of the theory by extracting the Euler-Lagrange equation with respect to the modulus of the condensate wavefunction from the full relativistic SFDM Lagrangian. For the constant density approach we find that the vortices are on millimeter scale, and separated by distances ∼0.002 AU. The parameter space of the model is found to be substantial and a reduction in the DM particle mass leads to larger vortices with a higher energy. However, none of the parameter combinations explored here give both realistic values of Λ and vortices energetic enough to have an observational impact on the galaxy as a whole. The vortex equation extracted from the Lagrangian of the model is unstable, and no solution exhibiting the standard properties of a vortex solution is found.
Retraction: God particles in the perspective of The AlQuran Surah Yunus: 61 and modern science (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
795 012014)
Authors: Jumini Sri
Published: January 2022

This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 14 August 2020.

IOP Publishing was notified of concerns regarding the quality of this paper on 30th June 2020. The IOP
Publishing Research Integrity Panel immediately launched an investigation, and it was discovered that
this paper was accepted for publication by the conference organisers despite serious objections by the
reviewer. IOP Publishing agree with the reviewer's comments that this work is unscientific and unsuitable
for publication.

This is in violation of the IOP Publishing Proceedings Peer Review Policy and the contract signed by
the conference organisers. IOP Publishing therefore retracts this paper based on breach of contract and
compromised peer review process.

Retraction published: 14 August 2020
Sustainability of rural agribusiness through e-commerce information systems
Authors: Huaraca Aparco Rosa , Del Carmen Delgado Lime María , Tapia Tadeo Fidelia , Taipe Pardo Fredy , Palomino Rincón Henry , Mescco Cáceres Edwin , Valverde Mamani Grecia , Sánchez VíctorChacón , Guzmán Nery porcel
Published: January 2022

Summary. Agribusiness is one of the strategies to improve food security, however, part of its activities need to be enhanced through different strategies, including the implementation of ecommerce information systems that can help chains promote their sustainability. The objective of the research was to characterize and develop an e-commerce strategy in rural agribusiness composed of rural associations from the province of Andahuaylas, Peru. The study is qualitative descriptive through the historical-logical, interview, theoretical triangulation and modeling were used, with a sample of four associations producing milk, Andean grains, guinea pig breeding and organic vegetables from the rural sector of the study area. It was possible to characterize the activities, finding an inefficient integration of information systems in commercial management. As a strategy, e-commerce was implemented through digital marketing techniques to attract new commercial allies and potential consumers according to their situation of each productive activity that constitutes rural agribusiness. The application of e-commerce contributes to increasing the efficiency of the associations that make up rural agribusiness.
The evolution of precipitation on the Romanian Black Sea coast during 1965-2016, from the perspective of regional and global climate changes
Authors: Boşneagu Romeo , Toricà Elena Coca Carmen , Lupu Sergiu , Lupu Carmen , Pàtràu Daniel Dăneci
Published: January 2022

Atmospheric precipitation and air humidity are the most important meteorological parameters in characterizing the climate of a region. Global warming, among its many effects can also lead to changes in types of precipitation, which could produce a chain reaction, reducing rainfall in already dry areas. Also, the reverse effect of increasing the amounts of precipitation following the intensification of extreme phenomena is analyzed. The present study is an analysis of the precipitations on the Romanian seaside in the period 1965-2019, in order to foresee the evolution of these, compared to the multiannual averages and to make a prediction of evolution, necessary for sustainable development in this region.
Drinking water attribute preferences for sustainable management in Andahuaylas, Peru
Authors: Huaraca Aparco Rosa , Palomino Rincon Henry , Mescco Caceres Edwin , Valverde Mamani Grecia , Nelida Ascue Ruiz Rosa , Kari Ferro Aydee , Alvares Arias Celinda , Porcel Guzmán Nery
Published: January 2022

The management of sustainable drinking water is oriented under the framework of the alignments of economic development. The objective was to determine the preferences of the attributes of drinking water for an improvement in the management of the service, in the province of Andahuaylas, Peru. A quantitative research was carried out through the method of experiments of choice of the mixed logit type. The experimental design was descriptive and cross-sectional with a sample of 375 randomly selected households. The technique applied was the survey with cards of choice included socioeconomic characteristics, attributes of drinking water and availability to pay. The results show attribute preferences; have water 24 hours a day, recover lagoon or spring water sources and water pressure, with a positive impact on the user. Likewise, users have a positive impact of willingness to pay with an additional increase in their monthly billing with a preference in improving the continuity of drinking water 24 hours a day and the recovery of lagoons or manantes Households are willing to pay an additional amount in their rates for the management of safe and sustainable water.
Comparative study of additively manufactured samples of tungsten with molybdenum and their applications
Authors: Atif Abbas Mirza , Anru Yan , Yong Wang Zhi
Published: January 2022

This article is a comparative study of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM).Under the processing parameters different microstructural and mechanical properties like strain energy density, micro-hardness and surface morphology were investigated. Before the preparation of samples the SEM and XRD images were taken to calculate the size of micro particles of both the samples. These samples were further investigated by OM(optical microscopy),SEM(scanning electron microscope),EBSD(electron backscattering diffraction) and Vicker hardness to study the crystallographic structure, hardness, grain boundaries to understand a brief comparison between these two fourth group elements. It was identified as the cause of a very prominent structure with cracked features and a residual remains. During processing, different processing factors were examined, which separates at the edges of the grain, thereby creating thermal cracks. This due to the low eutectic melting compared to the matrix phase. These factors also result in a higher Ductile-to-Brittle Transition (DBTT). Later, during rapid cooling from the melting point, a combination of cracks with hot cracks on the borders of solid grain grains and cold cracks near weak grain edges forms a cracked network, which is often found in tungsten and molybdenum refined SLM. Neither does a very hot substrate plate prevent the formation of cracks in the metals formed by processing parameters. These materials are appropriate for high temperature up to more than 20000C such an analytic and inner wall constituents of fusion reactor or experiments. Parameters like laser power, scan speed, hatching space and the thickness of the powder layer are analyzed to achieve the high density samples. Three-dimensional printing is changing the way we make things in almost every industry, from cars to medical equipment to biotech.3D printing to prototype one of the most critical enabling technology in a building, the heat exchanger. In comparison to current designs, this next-generation heat exchanger weighs 20% less, performs 20% better, and can be produced much faster.
Digital regulation of gas turbine engine on start modes
Authors: Tarasenko O.I. , Tarasenko A.O. , Radchenko M. , Scurtu I. C. , Volintiru O.N. , Sichko V.
Published: January 2022

A gas turbine engine (GTE) with a free power turbine driven by an electric generator is considered. The GTE has an automatic computerized control system (ACS). The fuel for the gas turbine engine is natural gas. The fuel dosage is managed by computer in the moment of ignition, during the start and the idle operation of gas turbine engine.
OP02 The breastmilk proteomics of women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and its impact on fecal calprotectin and microbiota composition in their babies
Authors: Guedelha Sabino J , Tarassishin L , Agrawal M , Eisele C , Barré A , Dubinsky M , Stone J , Nair N , Debebe A , Hawkins K , Rendon A , Hu J , Colombel J F , Peter I , Torres J
Published: January 2022

Background

Breastmilk (BM) is a complex fluid that contributes to shaping the immune system of the offspring. BM composition depends on stage of lactation, maternal health status and diet, environment, and genetics. Limited data exists on the composition of the BM from women with IBD and its potential impact on the newborn’s microbiome composition.

Methods

The MECONIUM (Exploring MEChanisms Of disease traNsmission In Utero through the Microbiome) study is a prospective cohort study including pregnant women with IBD, pregnant healthy control (HC), and their offspring. BM samples were collected 2 weeks post-delivery. Stool samples from the offspring were collected throughout the first 3 years of life and used to assess faecal calprotectin (fCal) and gut microbiota composition (16S). Targeted proteomics of the BM samples was performed with the Olink inflammation panel (92 protein biomarkers). Correlations between specific proteins in the BM, fCal and 16S were assessed using non-parametric tests. Multiple testing correction was performed with false discovery rate (FDR). MaAsLin2 R package was used for multivariate testing.

Results

236 BM samples were analysed: 174 from HC, 37 Crohn’s disease (CD), 25 ulcerative colitis (UC). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine with an important role in the maturation of T cells, was significantly lower in BM of women with IBD vs HC (FDR p=0.0017). The levels of TSLP in the BM of the mothers correlated negatively with infant fCal at year1 (rho=-0.20, p=0.01), and with the relative abundance of Cronobacter (MaAsLin2 FDR 0.1) of the offspring at month 1. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20), which acts in chemotaxis of dendritic cells and T-cells and B-cells, was also significantly lower in women with CD vs HC (FDR 0.013) and in women with CD vs UC (p=0.014). Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a collagenase involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix, was also lower in BM of women with CD (p=0.009) and a negative correlation was observed between the levels of MMP1 and fCal at 3 months and 1 year (rho=-0.20 and -0.18, p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), higher in BM of women with UC (p=0.018), was positively correlated with Streptococcus (MaAsLin2 FDR p=0.2) and negatively correlated with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides (MaAsLin2 FDR p=0.03 and 0.1) in the offspring at month 1.

Conclusion

The proteomic profile of BM of women with IBD is distinct from that of women without IBD. BM composition may influence offspring’s’ gut microbiome signatures and fCal level at different timepoints. These findings suggest that BM composition may impact the offspring’s intestinal immune system maturation and microbiome development, and warrant further research.
OP05 Outcome of induction therapy with vedolizumab in children: Results from the prospective, multi-centre VEDOKIDS study
Authors: Shavit Z , Stein R , Aloi M , Ledder O , Focht G , Urlep D , Hyams J , Broide E , Vais B , Levine J , Shouval D , Matar M , Assa A , Rosh J , Hussey S , Markowitz J , Yerushalmy-Feler A , Miele E , Shaoul R , Russell R K , Turner D
Published: January 2022

Background

Limited data are available on the use of Vedolizumab (VDZ) in paediatric Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of VDZ to induce remission at week 14 in the prospective, multicenter VEDOKIDS study.

Methods

We enrolled children (age 0–18 years) with CD or UC commenced on VDZ with a standardized dosing of 177mg/BSA up to 300mg at 0, 2, 6 and q8 weeks thereafter. Non-responders had their dose escalated to q4wks at the discretion of the local physician. Explicit demographic, clinical and safety data were prospectively recorded via REDcap. Clinical remission was defined as steroid- and EEN-free remission (i.e. wPCDAI<12.5 or PUCAI<10) without the need for new medications. Complete remission was defined as clinical remission with normal CRP and ESR. Predictors of response were explored by Logistic regression.

Results

128 children were enrolled, 60 (47%) with CD, and 68 (53%) with UC (58 (45%) males, mean age 13.8±3.6, 93 (73%) failed previous anti-TNF, median disease duration 2.3 years (IQR 0.9–4.7)). Using the ITT principle, clinical and complete remission rates for CD at week 14 were 30% and 20%, respectively, and for UC 50% and 38%, respectively (Fig 1). Clinical remission rates of those receiving VDZ as first line biologics versus second line were 57% and 34%, respectively (p=0.019; Fig 2); the corresponding complete remission rates were 49% and 23% (p=0.004).

In the UC group, disease activity at baseline measured by the PUCAI predicted clinical remission at week 14 (OR=0.95, 95%CI 0.93–0.98; median baseline PUCAI 15 (IQR 0–30) in those achieving remission and 45 (20–55) in those who did not; p=0.002). ESR (OR=0.94, 95%CI 0.89–0.98; p=0.009) and a trend towards extensive disease (L3 vs. L1 and L2; OR 0.14, 95%CI 0.18–1.036, p=0.054) predicted clinical remission in CD.

During the 14 weeks, 113 adverse events (AE) were recorded in 58 children: 28 AEs were possibly related to VDZ, all of which were mild-moderate and only 3 (11%) led to discontinuation of VDZ (leukocytoclastic vasculitis, myalgia and dyspnea). There were 18 serious AEs, only one was graded as possibly related to VDZ (headache). There were 18 non-serious cases (19%) of upper respiratory infections (pharyngitis, tonsilitis, parotitis, and otitis media) and one Campylobacter jejuni which was graded as serious.

Conclusion

In this prospective multicenter study, VDZ was safe and effective for inducing remission in a refractory cohort of paediatric IBD, more so in UC. Disease severity and extent at baseline may predict clinical response.
OP17 Maintenance phase propensity score adjusted effectiveness and persistence at week-52 in biologic-naïve Ulcerative Colitis patients treated with vedolizumab or anti-TNF (VEDO IBD-study)
Authors: Plachta-Danielzik S , di Giuseppe R , Bokemeyer B , Efken P , Mohl W , Krause T , Hoffstadt M , Ehehalt R , Trentmann L , Schweitzer A , Jessen P , Franzenburg S , Hartmann P , Schreiber S
Published: January 2022

Background

In this real-world-evidence (RWE) study we aimed to analyse the persistence of biologic therapy in biologic-naïve ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and to compare 1-year effectiveness of vedolizumab (VDZ) and anti-TNF.

Methods

Between 2017 and 2020, 1200 consecutively enrolled biologic-naïve and biologic- experienced patients with UC and Crohn′s disease (CD) were prospectively included in the VEDOIBD-Registry from 45 IBD-experienced centres across Germany. After exclusion of bio-experienced patients, CD and missing outcomes, the final sample consisted of 274 biologic-naïve UC-patients with 1-year follow-up data. Switchers of a drug were considered as treatment failure (modified intention-to-treat analysis; mITT) while switchers were excluded from per protocol analysis (PP). Clinical response modified (reduction of partial Mayo score (pMayo) from baseline to 1-year by >3 points or a reduction of at least 30% compared to baseline or reaching remission at 1-year) and (steroid-free) remission rates (pMayo ≤1 plus a bleeding subscore=0 (and no systemic use of steroids or budesonide at 1-year)) were predefined as outcomes. To reduce the effect of confounders, PS adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was implemented. A weighted logistic regression was used, and the results were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

158 VDZ and 116 anti-TNF (ADA: 27.6%, IFX: 57.8%, GOL: 14.7%) biologic-naïve UC-patients were included in this prospective RWE comparing the effectiveness of VDZ vs anti-TNF. Until week 52 significantly more patients switched to another biologic-drug in the anti-TNF group than in the VDZ group (40.5% vs 16.5%; p<0.001) (Fig. 1). In mITT, clinical response at 1-year was significantly higher in VDZ than in anti-TNF treated patients (61.7% vs. 40.3%; OR 2.39 (95% CI 1.39–4.10)). VDZ also tended to be superior to anti-TNF for (steroid-free) remission (Tab. 1; p=0.058 (p=0.051)). In the PP-analysis, VDZ showed numerically higher 1-year effectiveness, but this did not reach statistical significance (Tab. 1). Analysing week-14 induction phase responders (Tab. 2), VDZ had numerically higher effectiveness rates compared to anti-TNF but without significant difference.

Conclusion

The 1-year maintenance findings suggested, in line with our previous induction phase data, only moderate long-term effectiveness in both groups. However, besides the significant response data, VDZ showed numerically higher remission rates compared to anti-TNF though only borderline significant. The higher treatment persistence of VDZ vs anti-TNF, along with the higher effectiveness, may suggest VDZ as a first-line biologic therapy option in UC patients.
OP26 Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab as induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the Phase 3 LUCENT-1 study
Authors: D’Haens G , Kobayashi T , Morris N , Lissoos T , Hoover A , Li X , Arora V , Milch C , Sandborn W J , Sands B E
Published: January 2022

Background

Anti-IL23p19 inhibitors are emerging as promising treatment options for ulcerative colitis (UC). Mirikizumab (miri) is a humanized, IgG4 monoclonal antibody directed against the p19 subunit of IL-23, a key mediator in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. We assessed the induction efficacy and safety of miri with a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial (LUCENT 1; NCT03518086) in patients with moderately to severely active UC (Modified Mayo Score 4–9 points and centrally read Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2) who had inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies, or tofacitinib.

Methods

Adult patients (N=1281) were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive blinded intravenous administration of 300 mg miri or PBO every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. Randomization was stratified by biologic failure status, baseline (BL) corticosteroid use, BL disease activity as measured by modified Mayo score, and world region. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that miri was superior to PBO in inducing clinical remission at Week 12. Key secondary objectives were clinical response, endoscopic remission, symptomatic remission, clinical response in biologic-failed patients, histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement, and improvement in bowel urgency at Week 12 (see Figure for endpoint definitions). Mixed Model for Repeated Measures was used to assess urgency; the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, with missing data imputed as nonresponse, was used to assess all other outcomes.

Results

BL characteristics were balanced across the two treatment groups. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with miri achieved clinical remission at Week 12 (Miri: 24.2%; PBO: 13.3%; Δ=11.1 [99.875%CI: 3.2, 19.1]; p=0.00006). Miri-treated patients achieved all key secondary endpoints, including a significantly greater average reduction in bowel urgency severity compared to PBO (p<0.00001). The frequencies of treatment-emergent adverse events in miri-treated patients were similar to PBO. There were numerically fewer serious adverse events (Miri: 27 [2.8%], PBO: 17 [5.3%]) and discontinuations due to adverse events (Miri: 15 [1.6%], PBO: 23 [7.2%]) in miri-treated patients compared to PBO. There were 2 colon malignancies in the miri arm (0.2%) and no deaths during the treatment period.

Conclusion

In this phase 3 UC study, 300mg miri IV demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements vs PBO in all primary and key secondary endpoints across clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and symptomatic measures, with an acceptable safety profile.
OP27 A Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Bioequivalence of the Proposed Commercial and Clinical Formulations of Etrasimod 2mg, and the Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of the Proposed Commercial Formulation in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lee C , Ramaiya A , Tang Y , Sapone A , Shan K , Randle A , Grundy J
Published: January 2022

Background

Etrasimod (ETR) is a once-daily, oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator in clinical development for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and atopic dermatitis. This study evaluated the single-dose bioequivalence of the proposed commercial and clinical formulations of ETR 2mg in the fasted state, and the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of the proposed commercial formulation.

Methods

This 3-treatment, 3-period crossover Phase 1 study enrolled 18 healthy adults (18–55 years: 10 males/8 females). Participants were randomized to 6 treatment sequences (3 participants/sequence: ABC, BCA, CAB, ACB, BAC, CBA) consisting of Treatment A (single-dose ETR 2mg clinical formulation, fasted), Treatment B (single-dose ETR 2mg proposed commercial formulation, fasted), and Treatment C (single-dose ETR 2mg proposed commercial formulation, fed). Treatments were administered on Days 1, 10, and 19 to allow 8-day washout periods between treatments. In the fed state (Treatment C), all participants received an FDA-standard high-fat, high-calorie meal. Blood samples for determination of ETR concentration were collected at prespecified timepoints to 168 hours post dose. Analysis of variance was performed on log-transformed Cmax, AUC0-last, and AUC0-∞ values to determine geometric least squares mean ratios (GLSMR) of Test/Reference and associated 90% confidence intervals (CI) to assess bioequivalence and food effects. Safety and tolerability of ETR were also evaluated.

Results

Bioequivalence: The 90% CI for the GLSMR of ETR Cmax and AUC plasma exposure measures, comparing the proposed commercial vs clinical formulations, were within the accepted 80%–125% range (GLSMR and 90% CI) for establishing bioequivalence (Table 1). Median Tmax for Treatments A and B were both 4 hours. Food Effect: The 90% CI for the GLSMR of ETR Cmax and AUC plasma exposure measures, comparing the proposed commercial formulation under fed vs fasted conditions, were within the accepted 80%–125% range for establishing no food effect (Table 2). Median Tmax for Treatment C was 6 hours. Safety and Tolerability: All treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were mild (except 1 moderate AE [headache]). One participant had an AE leading to study drug discontinuation. There were no serious AEs or deaths.

Conclusion

Based on results from this study, the proposed commercial and clinical formulations of ETR 2mg were bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption. No significant differences were demonstrated in ETR exposure for the proposed commercial formulation under fed and fasted conditions. All treatments were generally safe and well tolerated.