bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition-Related Information Shared by Latine Influencers: A YouTube Content Analysis
Authors: Clark Laura , Lopez Egla-Irina D. , Woods Lauren , Yockey Andrew , Butler Rochelle , Barroso Cristina S.
Published: April 2022

Latines are the fastest growing populace in the United States. Latine is a new, inclusive term for Hispanic and Latino populations regardless of gender identity. When compared with non-Latine counterparts, Latines have higher prevalence rates of obesity, diabetes, chronic liver disease, and kidney disease, which are associated with poor dietary behaviors. More research is warranted into the factors behind Latines’ understanding of nutrition and potential sources of health information that influence dietary behaviors. This study describes the nutrition-related health information shared through YouTube by English-speaking Latine individuals between the ages of 18 and 49. For this content analysis, a cross-sectional study design was used. A four-step search strategy identified eligible YouTube channels and their corresponding video blogs (vlogs): discovery, screening, eligibility, and included. NVivo 1.0 was used to qualitatively code the nutrition-related information. A total of 68 vlogs were identified and reviewed. Five main themes emerged from the data (what vloggers discussed): Nutrition Philosophies, Inaccurate Information, Product Promotion, Recommendations based on the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), and Recommendations not based on the 2020–2025 DGA. Although some of the nutrition-related information shared followed the 2020–2025 DGA, not all information were in line with these guidelines. Misinformation can undermine the scientific work done by health professionals and can threaten the health and lives of the citizenry by creating barriers for accessing, understanding, and utilizing evidenced-informed guidance in making health decisions. This study revealed that more research is warranted into specific aspects of social media and how they influence health behavior.
Co-designing algorithms for governance: Ensuring responsible and accountable algorithmic management of refugee camp supplies
Authors: Dekker Rianne , Koot Paul , Birbil S. Ilker , van Embden Andres Mark
Published: April 2022

There is increasing criticism on the use of big data and algorithms in public governance. Studies revealed that algorithms may reinforce existing biases and defy scrutiny by public officials using them and citizens subject to algorithmic decisions and services. In response, scholars have called for more algorithmic transparency and regulation. These are useful, but ex post solutions in which the development of algorithms remains a rather autonomous process. This paper argues that co-design of algorithms with relevant stakeholders from government and society is another means to achieve responsible and accountable algorithms that is largely overlooked in the literature. We present a case study of the development of an algorithmic tool to estimate the populations of refugee camps to manage the delivery of emergency supplies. This case study demonstrates how in different stages of development of the tool—data selection and pre-processing, training of the algorithm and post-processing and adoption—inclusion of knowledge from the field led to changes to the algorithm. Co-design supported responsibility of the algorithm in the selection of big data sources and in preventing reinforcement of biases. It contributed to accountability of the algorithm by making the estimations transparent and explicable to its users. They were able to use the tool for fitting purposes and used their discretion in the interpretation of the results. It is yet unclear whether this eventually led to better servicing of refugee camps.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Research Teams: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
Authors: Hattery Angela J. , Smith Earl , Magnuson Shannon , Monterrosa Allison , Kafonek Katherine , Shaw Cameron , Mhonde Rochelle Davidson , Kanewske L. Cait
Published: April 2022

Since the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, and the racial justice protests that followed, many institutions, including the academy, pledged their support for policies and practices that combat on-going racial injustice. Social justice and anti-racism initiatives abound on college campuses, including programming, hosting speakers, and proposing required ‘diversity’ classes for all students. For all this rhetoric, college and university administrators have remained silent when it comes to diversity, equity, and inclusion practices as they relate to research. And yet, extant research documents the ways in which racial and gender biases have consistently shaped every level of research from the development of the research question, to the diversity (or not) of the sample, the availability of funding, and the probability of publishing. In this paper we focus on one aspect of the research process: the assembling (or not) of diverse research teams. We explore the benefits that diversity in research teams brings to the integrity of the data as well as the obstacles to both assembling a diverse research team and managing it successfully. Specifically, this paper focuses on the myriad ways in which diversity in research teams is treated as a set of boxes to check, rather than an epistemology that underscores positionality and power. We present a series of case examples that highlight the ways in which diversity, equity, and inclusion are successfully and unsuccessfully achieved in research teams, both in terms of outcomes and experiences. These case examples focus specifically on power relations along all forms of diversity, including race and gender as well as rank. The case examples also serve to unpack the ways in which research teams can rely on positionality as a tool for addressing power at three distinct levels: in conducting social science research generally, between the researcher and the “researched,” and among the research team itself.
Return to Play After Surgical Treatment of High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries in the Australian Football League
Authors: Borbas Paul , Warby Sarah , Yalizis Matthew , Smith Mitchell , Hoy Gregory
Published: April 2022

Background:

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are the second most common upper limb injuries in the Australian Football League (AFL); however, there is little evidence on the return-to-sport results after surgical stabilization of the ACJ in this sporting population.

Purpose:

To investigate the return-to-sport time, on-field performance, and patient-reported outcomes in a series of professional AFL players after undergoing ACJ stabilization.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective case series of all AFL players who had undergone open twin-tailed dog-bone ACJ stabilization by a single surgeon between September 2013 and April 2017. Outcome measures included time to return to sport, on-field performance indicators (handballs, tackles, kicks, and AFL Fantasy and Supercoach scores), the Nottingham Clavicle Score, Oxford Shoulder Score, and the Specific Acromioclavicular Score. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Results:

Of 13 senior listed AFL players who underwent twin-tailed dog-bone surgery, 9 players were included. Mean follow-up was 24.8 months (range, 5-41 months) postoperatively. Mean return-to-sport time was 8.6 weeks for injuries that occurred within the season. The number of kicks, marks, handballs, and tackles as well as AFL Supercoach and Fantasy scores did not significantly change after surgery ( P > .05). Outcome measures showed a high level of patient satisfaction after surgery, with a mean Nottingham Clavicle Score of 92.2, Oxford Shoulder Score of 47.7, and the Specific Acromioclavicular Score of 7.5.

Conclusion:

In a collective of professional AFL players with ACJ injury, our twin-tailed dog-bone technique revealed return to competitive play could be achieved at a mean of 8.6 weeks without compromising on-field performance or patient-reported pain, function, and satisfaction.
Toward Nurses’ Transformative Agency in Transitional Care for Older Adults: A Change-Laboratory Intervention
Authors: Bøje Rikke B , Musaeus Peter , Sørensen Dorthe , Ludvigsen Mette S
Published: April 2022

Mobilization of nurses’ agency across healthcare sectors is needed to counter challenges associated with older adults’ transitions between hospital and primary care. Based on Cultural Historical Activity theory and the Change Laboratory method, we developed a learning intervention with 16 nurses. The aim was to foster the nurses’ transformative agency to improve care. Video-recording of nine learning sessions were transcribed and analyzed. Results demonstrated that shared transformative agency exhibited as an emergent phenomenon crossing sectoral boundaries as a prerequisite for change in transitional care. The nurses progressed from acting as individuals criticizing the current conditions to collectively forming a vision around a transitional care model. This was nurtured through the nurses’ negotiations which included a recognition of sharing similar challenges deriving from the healthcare organization and related financial restrictions, and conflicting healthcare and nursing ideals across healthcare sectors. The evolution of transformative agency was grounded in a professional nursing identity.
Pesticide Poisoning Among Children in India: The Need for an Urgent Solution
Authors: Varghese Prinston , Erickson Timothy B.
Published: April 2022

Pesticides have been increasingly recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world. In particular, significant attention has been given to the use of pesticides to cause deliberate self-harm in India. Approximately half of suicides in India are due to intentional poisoning of which the majority are from pesticides. Young children are commonly poisoned by accidental ingestion, unintentional dermal or inhalational exposure, whereas adolescents are more severely poisoned if attempting self-harm through intentional ingestion. It is the purpose of this paper to highlight the problem of pesticide poisoning in the pediatric population of India, and to recommend policy options to address this global problem. Reducing access to pesticides and educating farmers and the public regarding the proper storage and use of pesticides and the establishment of more poison centers in India can be part of a broader strategy to address these life-threatening poisonings in children.
Effectiveness of a multi-modal hospital-wide doctor mental health and wellness intervention
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Stanton Kelly , Gill Aneesha , Simmons Jennifer , Harvey Samuel B.
Published: April 2022

Background

Doctors report high rates of workplace stress and are at increased risk of mental health disorders. However, there are few real-world studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at addressing workplace risk factors and improving doctors’ mental health in a hospital setting. This study was conducted over two years (2017–2019) to assess the effects of a multi-modal intervention on working conditions doctors’ mental health and help-seeking for mental health problems in two Australian teaching hospitals.

Methods

The multimodal intervention consisted of organisational changes, such as reducing unrostered overtime, as well as strategies for individual doctors, such as mental health training programs. Hospital-based doctors at all career stages were eligible to participate in two cross-sectional surveys. 279 doctors completed the baseline survey (19.2% response rate) and 344 doctors completed the follow-up survey (31.3% response rate). A range of workplace risk and protective factors, mental health (psychological distress and suicidal ideation) and help-seeking outcomes were assessed.

Results

There were significant improvements in key workplace protective factors, with small effects found for doctors’ job satisfaction, stress, work-life balance and perceived workplace support and a significant reduction in workplace risk factors including a moderate reduction in reported bullying behaviour between baseline to follow-up (job satisfaction p < 0.05, all other outcomes p < 0.01). However, no significant changes in doctors’ mental health or help-seeking outcomes were found over the intervention period.

Conclusion

Following the implementation of individual and organisational-level strategies in two Australian tertiary hospitals, doctors reported a reduction in some key workplace stressors, but no significant changes to their mental health or help-seeking for mental health problems. Further research is warranted, particularly to determine if these workplace changes will lead to improved mental health outcomes for doctors once maintained for a longer period.
Optimism and survival: health behaviors as a mediator—a ten-year follow-up study of Chinese elderly people
Authors: Yue Zhang , Liang Hang , Qin Xigang , Ge Yang , Xiang Nan , Liu Erpeng
Published: April 2022

Background

Optimism—the generalized expectation that good things will happen—is a promising health asset. Mounting evidence indicates that there are specific associations between optimism and survival rates. However, for public health purposes, it is critical to consider whether the relationship between optimism and survival holds for older adults as a whole and to explore the role of health behaviors as potential mediators.

Methods

Prospective data were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Optimism was measured in 2008, and survival was measured by survival time of the interviewees during the whole observation period from 2008 to 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to evaluate the association between optimism and survival among the elderly. The mediating effect analysis method was used to explore the potential mediating role of health behaviors on the association between optimism and survival.

Results

Compared to less optimistic older adults, optimistic individuals were associated with lower odds of mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89 − 0.99). Health behaviors are key elements that play a positive role in survival (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.94 − 0.96). Health behaviors played an intermediary role in the relationship between optimism and mortality, and the mediating effect was -0.005.

Conclusions

Optimism and health behaviors were broadly and robustly associated with a lower risk of mortality. Health behaviors mediate the relationship between optimism and mortality. Appropriate intervention should be carried out on optimism and health behaviors among elderly people to improve the likelihood of health in aging.
The range of the required anterolateral cortex osteotomy distance varied widely in biplanar open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Nejima Shuntaro , Kumagai Ken , Yamada Shunsuke , Sotozawa Masaichi , Natori Shuhei , Itokawa Kei , Inaba Yutaka
Published: April 2022

Background

To evaluate the anterolateral cortex distance between the lateral edge of the flange and hinge point in surgical simulations of biplanar open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) using computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods

A total of 110 knees treated with OWHTO for medial knee osteoarthritis with varus malalignment were enrolled. Surgical simulations of biplanar OWHTO, including the transverse and ascending cuts, were performed in the standard manner using preoperative CT images. The distance between the lateral edge of the flange and the hinge point was measured. In addition, another plane of the ascending cut was defined through the hinge point. The angle between these two planes of the ascending cut was measured in the axial plane.

Results

The mean anterolateral cortex distance was 9.4 ± 4.6 mm (range, − 1.5 mm – 20.3 mm). In 3 knees, osteotomy of the anterolateral cortex was not needed. The mean value of the angle between the two ascending cut planes was 8.4 ± 3.6° (range, − 2.1° – 14.8°), which meant that osteotomy of anterolateral cortex was not needed when the ascending cut was performed at this angle. Moreover, these two values increased when the flange thickness was changed from one-third to one-fourth of the anteroposterior tibial diameter or the angle between the transverse and ascending cuts was changed from 110° to 120°.

Conclusions

In biplanar OWHTO, anterolateral cortex osteotomy would be required. However, the range of the required anterolateral cortex osteotomy distance varied widely and the required anterolateral cortex osteotomy distance depended on the flange thickness and the angle between the transverse and ascending cuts. In addition, change of the ascending cut plane can change the necessity of anterolateral cortex osteotomy.
Barriers and facilitators to access mental health services among refugee women in high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: DeSa Sarah , Gebremeskel Akalewold T. , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , Yaya Sanni
Published: April 2022

Background

Based on the Global Trends report from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee, in high-income countries, there are 2.7 refuges per 1000 national population, girls and women account for nearly 50% of this refuge population. In these high-income countries, compared with the general population refuge women have higher prevalence of mental illness. Thus, this review was conducted to examine the barriers to and facilitators of access to mental health services for refugee women in high-income countries for refugee resettlement.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases for research articles written in English with qualitative component. The last search date was on March 14, 2020. A narrative synthesis was conducted to gather key synthesis evidence. Refugee women (aged 18 and older) that could receive mental health services were included. Men and women under non-refugee migrant legal status were excluded. Studies were evaluated studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist.

Results

Of the four databases searched, 1258 studies were identified with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. Three studies were cross-sectional by design, eight studies used a qualitative approach and one studies used mixed approach. The major barriers identified were language barriers, stigmatization, and the need for culturally sensitive practices to encourage accessing mental health care within a religious and cultural context. There were several studies that indicated how gender roles and biological factors played a role in challenges relating to accessing mental health services. The major facilitators identified were service availability and awareness in resettlement countries, social support, and the resilience of refugee women to gain access to mental health services.

Conclusion

This review revealed that socio-economic factors contributed to barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health among women refugees and asylum seekers. Addressing those social determinants of health can reduce barriers and enhance facilitators of access to mental health care for vulnerable populations like refugee women. A key limitation of the evidence in this review is that some data may be underreported or misreported due to the sensitive and highly stigmatizing nature of mental health issues among refugee populations.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020180369
Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa L., Piper nigrum L. and Cuminum cyminum: an experimental and a quantum-mechanical study
Authors: Freitas Morgana A , Machado Raynara I. A , Rocha Isabelle H. M. , Lima Lorena S. , Coutinho Lucas P. , Monteiro Norberto K. V. , L. Neto Pedro , Mazzetto Selma E. , Rocha Hugo A. O. , Machado Richele J. A
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of C. longa, P. nigrum and C. cyminum. In addition to proposing a quantum-mechanical model to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared using roots of the Curcuma longa L., seeds of the Piper nigrum L. and seeds of Cuminum cyminum. The extracts were subjected to tests to detect and quantify phenolic compounds and to assess their antioxidant capacity by different methods. Furthermore, in order to investigate the electronic nature of the antioxidant activity of the main compounds present in these extracts, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) were obtained by DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Results: After statistical analysis of the results, a greater number of phenolic compounds and better antioxidant activity was identified in the aqueous extracts of cumin (C. cyminum) in all three assays performed, when compared to the other extracts tested. The theoretical model based on the Pietro method is in agreement with the experimental results. Conclusion: This study has an innovative proposal with the trivial antioxidant activity combined with theoretical quantum-mechanical calculations that can serve to reduce costs and time and to predict the antioxidant activity of subsequent studies.
Drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Efraim Josephine , Munisi Castory , Magige Auson , Msuya Kelvin , Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Kilonzi Manase , Mlyuka Hamu , Mikomangwa Wigilya , Mallya Bertha , Aswile Wema , Zimbwe Kauke Bakari , Mutagonda Ritah Francis
Published: April 2022

Background: Cancer is a highly debilitating non-communicable disease and an essential contributor to the global burden of disease. Pediatric patients are highly exposed to multiple drugs for the management of cancer. Monitoring drug utilization patterns helps to provide feedback to healthcare providers to ensure the rational use of medicines; as a result, it increases the therapeutic efficacy and decreases the frequency and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Therefore, this study assessed the utilization pattern and ADRs of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for three months from February to April 2021 in pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at MNH. A total of 123 children diagnosed with cancer and on chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Patients’ socio-demographics, clinical information, chemotherapy status, prescribed medications, and prevalence of ADRs were collected. Descriptive statistics was used in data analysis, whereby frequency and proportions were used to summarize data. 

Results: Out of 123 patients, 62.6% were male. Most patients received an average of four anticancer drugs. Vincristine (55.3%) was the most used anticancer drug, followed by cytarabine (44.7%) and methotrexate (42.3%). The most used adjuvant drugs were ondansetron (30.9%), hydrocortisone (27.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (23.6%). The percentage of drugs prescribed from the Tanzania Essential Medicine List (TEML) and World Health Organization (WHO) list was 66.4% and 93%. Most (87%) of the patients reported having experienced ADRs whereby nausea and vomiting (45.8%), hair loss (33.6%), and neutropenia (32.7%) were more prevalent ADRs reported.

Conclusions:  This study found the drug prescribing pattern to be in line with the essential medicine list, but the average number of drugs prescribed was higher than recommended. ADRs were prevalent among pediatric cancer patients.
Wiedza pielęgniarek na temat zasad samozarządzania w niewydolności serca i ich rola jako edukatorów pacjentów - przegląd narracyjny
Authors: Krówczyńska Dorota
Published: April 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel: Na pielęgniarkach spoczywa główna odpowiedzialność za prowadzenie edukacji pacjentów z niewydolnością serca (HF) w oparciu o aktualną wiedzę i skuteczne strategie poprawy samokontroli pacjentów. Celem tego przeglądu narracyjnego było określenie wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat zasad samokontroli w HF, w tym ich roli jako edukatorów pacjentów. Przegląd narracyjny został oparty na pracach zindeksowanych w następujących bazach: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science i Scopus. Kryteria włączenia obejmowały: pełnometrażowe artykuły dostępne w języku angielskim, najnowsze prace opublikowane w latach 2000-2022, badania podejmujące temat oceny wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat samokontroli w HF oraz omawiające rolę pielęgniarki jako edukatora w zakresie samokontroli w HF.

Opis stanu wiedzy: Główną rolą pielęgniarki HF jest optymalizacja procesu terapeutycznego, koordynacja opieki nad pacjentem, obiektywne monitorowanie objawów, obserwacja i wizyty kontrolne oraz edukacja w zakresie samoopieki i samokontroli. Dlatego pielęgniarki powinny być odpowiednio przeszkolone w zakresie zasad samokontroli HF i muszą mieć dostęp do odpowiednich informacji przekazywanych pacjentom. Odpowiednia wiedza pielęgniarek na temat zasad samokontroli pacjentów jest kluczowym elementem postępowania w chorobach przewlekłych, takich jak HF.

Podsumowanie: Poziom wiedzy personelu pielęgniarskiego jest dalece niezadowalający. Dlatego pielęgniarki potrzebują bardziej dogłębnej edukacji i lepszego zrozumienia tematu HF poprzez działania edukacyjne i szkolenia podyplomowe. Ponadto pielęgniarki powinny posiadać specjalistyczną wiedzę i zdobyć odpowiednie kompetencje w zakresie edukacji pacjentów z HF.
Epistemologia sieci. Konwergencja, współpraca, afiliacja
Authors: Dubucs Jacques
Published: April 2022

W ciągu 30 lat dokonała się głęboka przemiana w relacji między Internetem a aktywnością naukową. Nastąpiło przesunięcie funkcji Internetu, który przestał być jedynie instrumentem współpracy akademickiej, a stał się również narzędziem używanym przez media społecznościowe, zezwalające na maksymalną dyfuzję irracjonalizmu i starego faktualizmu. Aby zrozumieć tę przemianę, należy ponownie zbadać mechanizmy zbieżności opinii (konwergencji). Wynika ona z istnienia wspólnego świata, który ukazuje nam te same fakty i determinuje nieustanną rewizję przekonań każdej osoby. W tym procesie asymptotycznej zbieżności opinii nie wymaga się żadnej komunikacji między jednostkami. Oczywiście, jeśli fakty znane przez jednych są komunikowane innym, konwergencja znacznie przyspiesza, i to tak bardzo, że wiedzę musimy ująć jako rezultat zbiorowej aktywności, w której wymiana informacji jest jednym z jej istotnych źródeł. Z jednej strony takie poznawcze współdziałanie wydaje się naturalne i łatwe do implementacji. Biorąc pod uwagę właściwości informacji, które przechowujemy, nawet jeśli je udostępniamy, to dzielenie się informacją przestaje być przedmiotem zwykłych trudności związanych ze współpracą. Z drugiej strony takie współdziałanie jest produktywne z samej natury: współpraca między kimś, kto zna φ, i kimś, kto wie, że φ implikuje ψ u obydwu jako mających wiedzę ψ, której żaden z nich nie posiadał przed wymianą informacji. Wczesny Internet pozwolił na ekstremalną intensywność tej informacyjnej współpracy. Obecnie mamy do czynienia z odmienną sytuacją. Poszczególne wyznaczniki rosnącej porowatości między naukowcami a opinią publiczną wzmocniły rolę wymiany. Nie jest to już wymiana informacji, lecz wymiana opinii. Stronniczość tkwiąca w naturze ludzkiej, a szczególnie potwierdzenie tej stronniczości, prowadzi do odwrócenia relacji między faktami a opiniami. Szukamy faktów potwierdzających podzielane przez nas opinie, wątpiąc w te, które ich nie określają, i tworzymy fakty do potwierdzenia tego, o czym jesteśmy przekonani. Dlatego przechodzimy od współdziałania do przynależności (afiliacji), dzieląc Internet na homogeniczne grupy wyznawców.
Épistémologie du web
Authors: Dubucs Jacques
Published: April 2022

Résumé. En trente ans, le rapport d’Internet à l’entreprise scientifique a changé. Nous sommes passés d’un instrument de collaboration scientifique à un dispositif de réseaux sociaux qui assure la plus large diffusion à l’irrationalisme et à l’alt-factualisme. Pour comprendre ce changement, il convient de réexaminer les mécanismes de la convergence des opinions. La première source de cette convergence est l’existence d’un monde commun, qui nous expose aux mêmes faits et qui détermine par révision successive des croyances de chacun, sans que la moindre communication soit requise, une convergence asymptotique des opinions, et ce quelles que soient les croyances de départ. Naturellement, si les faits connus par les uns sont communiqués aux autres, cette convergence s’accélère considérablement, si bien que nous devons considérer la connaissance comme le résultat d’une activité collective, et l’échange d’informations comme l’une de ses sources nécessaires. D’une part, cette coopération épistémique est naturelle et facilement implémentable : en vertu des propriétés caractéristiques de l’information, qui est un bien que nous conservons lorsque nous le donnons, le partage informationnel est exempt des difficultés qui affectent généralement la coopération. D’autre part, cette coopération est intrinsèquement productive : la collaboration entre celui qui sait que φ et celui qui sait que φ implique ψ met chacun des deux agents en possession de la connaissance de ψ, qui n’était pourtant détenue par personne avant l’échange. L’internet des débuts donne à cette coopération informationnelle une ampleur inégalée.
La situation actuelle est différente. Un certain nombre de facteurs, dont la porosité croissante entre les scientifiques et le large public, ont mis au premier plan l’échange, non des informations factuelles, mais celui des opinions. Les biais notoires de la psychologie humaine, au premier rang desquels le biais de confirmation, tendent à inverser le rapport entre les faits et les opinions. On cherche les faits confirmant les opinions entretenues, on met en doute les faits récalcitrants et l’on crée des faits corroborants. En bref, on passe d’une problématique de la coopération à une logique de l’affiliation, segmentant l’internet en groupes doxastiques homogènes.
The Interactive Method for Language Science and Some Salient Results
Authors: Włodarczyk Hélène  & Andre , Włodarczyk Andre
Published: April 2022

The use of information technology in linguistic research gave rise in the 1950s to what is known as Natural Language Processing, but that framework was created without paying due attention to the need for logical reconstruction of linguistic concepts which were borrowed directly from barely (or even not at all) formalised structural linguistics. The Computer-aided Acquisition of Semantic Knowledge project (CASK) based on the Knowledge Discovery in Databases technology (KDD) enabled us to interact with computers while gathering and improving our knowledge about languages.

Thus, with the help of data mining tools, as a result of revisiting two sorts of generally admitted linguistic theories (the Predicate Argument Structure theory and Information Structure theory), we succeeded in improving these local linguistic approaches by proposing to unify the Associative Semantics (AS) theory (in which we introduced the concept of ortho-information) with the Meta-Informative Centering (MIC) theory (in which we described the meta-informative layer of natural languages). The resulting Distributed Grammar (DG) program (sketched out in this paper) treats, in addition to the above types of information, the third one, para-information (concerning identity and alikeness with respect to context and language ontology) which – despite many studies – had no uniform theoretical background in general linguistics. This DG program aims to lay the foundations for creating the theoretical background of Conceptual Linguistics.
Polski badacz w labiryncie francuskiej fenomenologii
Authors: Murawska Monika
Published: April 2022

Tekst stanowi krytyczne omówienie książki Jacka Migasińskiego W stronę fenomenologii niezjawiskowej (2019), która jest doskonałym podsumowaniem współpracy polsko-francuskiej i realizuje jedną z najistotniejszych jej funkcji, czyli owocny dialog między badaczami z różnych krajów. Recenzowana książka jest kompetentnym komentarzem do tego, co dzieje się w fenomenologii francuskiej, a jej autor koncentruje się głównie na analizie tekstów Emmanuela Lévinasa i Maurice’a Merleau-Ponty’ego. Na książkę Jacka Migasińskiego składa się jedenaście esejów o rozmaitej fenomenologicznej tematyce: znajdziemy w niej problematykę intersubiektywności, czasu, afektywności i próby budowania dyskursu perfomatywnego w fenomenologii na przykładzie filozofii Lévinasa. Tytułowe określenie „fenomenologia niezjawiskowa” oznacza odsłonięcie najgłębszych źródeł sensu władającego każdym z penetrowanych obszarów i obalenie dualizmów panujących w klasycznym myśleniu, ale także transgresyjność fenomenologii i jej skłonność do nadmiaru. To właśnie ta metoda, polegająca na testowaniu granic i na wykraczaniu poza nie w procedurze przelicytowywania tego, co może być źródłem fenomenów, wyznacza kierunek, w jakim według Migasińskiego zmierza dziś fenomenologia francuska.
Nauka to przedsięwzięcie o charakterze międzynarodowym
Authors: Koton-Czarnecka Marta , Michalska-Bugajska Marta , Wojtysiak-Łańska Dominika
Published: April 2022

Współczesna nauka wymaga międzynarodowej kooperacji, której wynikiem jest synergia, jej efekty są łatwiej komercjalizowane, wspólne publikacje stają się lepiej rozpoznawalne przez społeczność naukową i częściej cytowane. Autorki artykułu omawiają wsparcie Fundacji na rzecz Nauki Polskiej w umiędzynarodowieniu polskiej nauki. Prezentują ufundowane przez nią międzynarodowe stypendia i nagrody oraz, z uwagi na tematykę tego numeru, szczegółowo omawiają współpracę polskich i francuskich naukowców w ostatnich latach.
When can anterior dislocations of the shoulder with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity be safely reduced in the emergency department?
Authors: Effiom Derek N , Bartlett Jonathan D , Raja Hassan , Aresti Nick
Published: April 2022

Following dislocation of the glenohumeral joint with an isolated greater tuberosity fracture, closed reduction in the emergency department can lead to fracture propagation or iatrogenic fractures. This article assesses the evidence regarding when anterior dislocations of the shoulder with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity can be safely reduced in the emergency department, as there is currently no clear guidance on this. A total of eight articles described 172 cases which underwent closed reduction, which resulted in 22 cases of iatrogenic fractures. Female sex, increased patient age and fragments of the greater tuberosity were associated with an increased risk of iatrogenic fractures. Closed reduction in the emergency department appears to be a safe option in younger patients and those with greater tuberosity fractures less than 40% of the width of the humeral head.
Assessment of the head, cervical spine, thoracic spine and shoulder girdle postures in people with and without chronic headache
Authors: Ahadi Parisa , Rezaei Mandana , Salahzadeh Zahra , Talebi Mahnaz , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Azghani Mahmood Reza
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Cervical dysfunction is one of the common symptoms of chronic headaches. This study was conducted to assess the posture of the head, cervical and thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle in people with and without cervicogenic and migraine headaches.

Methods

The postural angles of the head, cervical and thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle in frontal and sagittal planes, as well as thoracic spine curvature, were measured on 90 people who were split into three groups: 20 people with cervicogenic headache, 20 people with migraine and 50 people as the control group.

Results

There were significant differences among the three groups in the craniovertebral angle, coronal head tilt angle and scapular upward rotation angle (P<0.05). There was no relationship between postural angles.

Conclusions

The results of this study revealed that forward head posture was evident in people with cervicogenic and migraine headache. Decreased scapular upward rotation seen in the migraine headache group highlights the importance of shoulder girdle-related dysfunctions in people with chronic headaches.
Optimal control approach to gradient-index design for beam reshaping
Authors: Adriazola J. , Goodman R. H.
Published: April 2022

We address the problem of reshaping light in the Schrödinger optics regime from the perspective of the optimal control theory. In technological applications, Schrödinger optics is often used to model a slowly varying amplitude of a para-axially propagating electric field where the square of the waveguide’s index of refraction is treated as the potential. The objective of the optimal control problem is to find the controlling potential which, together with the constraining Schrödinger dynamics, optimally reshapes the intensity distribution of Schrödinger eigenfunctions from one end of the waveguide to the other. This work considers reshaping problems found in work by Kunkel and Leger, and addresses computational needs by adopting tools from the quantum control literature. The success of the optimal control approach is demonstrated numerically.
Evaluation of maxillary and mandibular growth patterns with cephalometric analysis based on cervical vertebral maturation: A Japanese cross-sectional study
Authors: Manabe Asuka , Ishida Takayoshi , Kanda Eiichiro , Ono Takashi
Published: April 2022

Background

Appropriate maxillofacial growth and development evaluation is important for effective orthodontic treatment. Growth evaluation is based on physiological age determined by individual development, but not chronological age. One strategy for determining physiological age is using the cervical vertebral bone age.

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the standard size of the upper and lower jawbones in Japanese patients using the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as an index and clarify the growth pattern. And to use the cervical spine age as a diagnostic aid in orthodontic treatment.

Material and methods

Random sampling was performed from the outpatients who visited the Orthodontics department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, and 400 patients were enrolled before treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to measure the height and length of the mandible and the maxilla length with cephalometric analysis. Standard values were calculated for each cervical-spine-age group to analyze changes during mandibular and maxillary growth. Furthermore, we compared the differences between males and females. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare cervical-spine-age groups, and the Steel–Dwass test was used for multiple comparisons. The reliability of CVMS was confirmed by calculating the weighted kappa coefficient (κ).

Results

κ for the degree of intra-evaluator agreement and the degree of the inter-evaluator agreement were calculated, and both indicated almost perfect agreement. We found that the distance between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) (i.e., ANS–PNS) increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III in males. The distance between Articulare (Ar) and Gonion (Go) (i.e., Ar–Go) and the distance between Go and Pogonion (Pog) (i.e., Go–Pog) increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in males.

Conclusion

The findings suggested that CVMS is a reliable indicator of the growth stage of the maxilla and mandible.
DEAD WHITE MEN’S CLOTHES
Authors: Gronostay Jojo
Published: April 2022

DEAD WHITE MENS CLOTHES, short DWMC, is a transdisciplinary fashion label. DWMC is operating at the border of art and fashion. The clothes of the label were found on the Kantamanto Market in Accra Ghana.The Kantamanto Market is among the biggest collection point of used clothes worldwide. Here the often donated clothes from Europe, North-America, Asia and Australia re-enter the cycle of capitalism. The origin of the label's name lies in the Ghananaian Term “OBRONI WAWU”, that can be translated as „DEAD WHITE MEN’S CLOTHES“. When first waves of of the second-hand clothes arrived from "THE WEST“ in the 70’s the locals assumed that their previous owner must have died.Daniel Gebhart de Koekkoek photographed the coffin dancers for DWMC in Accra, Ghana. With an introduction by Elke Gaugele
Notes on Fashion Practice as Research: Episodes of Conversation Pieces
Authors: Hoette Ruby
Published: April 2022

To imagine alternative fashion futures we must begin to appreciate thinking and writing, and making and being, as equally legitimate and interdependent ways of ‘doing’ fashion. In other words, there is an urgent need to produce, interrogate and value knowledges of fashion that are generated through and by practice; to establish fashion practice as research. This chapter contains reflections on episodes of the Conversation Pieces project as tentative notes on fashion practice as research. Located in the ‘expanded field’ of fashion, the project examines the relationship between theory and practice and produces different experiences or readings of the fashion system by positioning the fashion object as discursive tool and text as material.
Determination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from horses with respiratory manifestation
Authors: Arafa Amany A. , Hedia Riham H. , Dorgham Sohad M. , Ibrahim Eman S. , Bakry Magdy A. , Abdalhamed Abeer M. , Abuelnaga Azza S. M.
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: The World Health Organization considers multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae a major global threat. Horses harbor commensal isolates of this bacterial species and potentially serve as reservoirs for human MDR bacteria. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in horses caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae.

Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-nine nasal swab samples were collected from horses with respiratory distress not treated with cefotaxime and erythromycin. Biochemical and serological identification was performed on all samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect 16S-23S ITS, mucoviscosity-associated gene (magA), uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase gene (uge), and iron uptake system gene (kfu), blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX genes. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relatedness of randomly selected K. pneumoniae isolates carrying the blaTEM gene were performed.

Results: Ten isolates of Klebsiella spp. were obtained from 159 samples, with an incidence of 6.28% (10 of 159). Based on biochemical and serological identification, K. pneumoniae was detected in 4.4% (7 of 159) of the samples. Using PCR, all tested K. pneumoniae isolates (n=7) carried the 16S-23S ITS gene. By contrast, no isolates carried magA, uge, and kfu genes. The blaTEM gene was detected in all test isolates. Moreover, all isolates did not harbor the blaSHV or blaCTX gene. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relatedness reported that the maximum likelihood unrooted tree generated indicated the clustering of the test isolate with the other Gram-negative isolate blaTEM. Finally, the sequence distance of the blaTEM gene of the test isolate (generated by Lasergene) showed an identity range of 98.4-100% with the blaTEM gene of the different test isolates.

Conclusion: The misuse of antimicrobials and insufficient veterinary services might help generate a population of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in equines and humans, representing a public health risk.
Effects of high salinity in drinking water on behaviors, growth, and renal electrolyte excretion in crossbred Boer goats under tropical conditions
Authors: Thiet Nguyen , Van Hon Nguyen , Ngu Nguyen Trong , Thammacharoen Sumpun
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: The high salinity of drinking water has been a significant problem of the Mekong Rivers Delta. Animals drinking high salinity water altered feed and water intake (WI), urinary electrolytes excretion, and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high salinity in drinking water on drinking and eating behaviors and kidney function in crossbred goats.

Materials and Methods: The experiment was completely randomized with two treatments: freshwater (0%, seawater [SW0]) and water high in salinity (1.5%, SW1.5) from diluted SW, with five replicates (five animals per treatment). This experiment lasted 3 weeks: the 1st week for the pre-treatment period and the 2nd-3rd weeks for the post-treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) and WI were recorded every day, while urine volume (UV) was determined from day 8 to day 21. Blood and urinary samples were collected on days 6, 14, and 21 of the study for electrolytes and creatinine analysis.

Results: The results demonstrated that both DMI and WI were affected by SW1.5 (p<0.05). Goats drinking from SW1.5 had lower DMI during D19–21, and the ratio of DMI/WI was significantly different during D16–21 (p<0.05). Interestingly, the UV from SW1.5 was higher than that from SW0 during D13–21 (p<0.05). Although the body weights (BW) of both groups were similar (p>0.05), the weight gain observed in the SW1.5 group tended to decrease (p=0.056) at the 2nd week. The concentration of electrolytes in blood did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). In contrast, the concentration and excretion of Na+ and Cl- in urine increased in SW1.5 goats at D14 (p<0.05), while creatinine levels in the blood remained normal (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The study concluded that crossbred male goats can tolerate 1.5% saline water from diluted SW for 2 weeks. The high salinity in water influences drinking and eating behavior in growing goats. However, the adaptive mechanism by increasing urine output and reducing the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the kidney is the key function and works faster than behavioral responses. The kidney apparently drives drinking behavior during high salinity water consumption.
Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Newer Indolyl
Pyrazolines and Indolyl Isoxazolines
Authors: Nancy  , Chaudhary Sakshi , Kumar Deepak , Archana
Published: April 2022

Various 5-substituted aryl-3-(2′-carboxy-5′-methoxyindolyl)-2-pyrazolines (9-15) and 5-substituted
aryl-3-(2′-carboxy-5′-methoxyindolyl)isoxazolines (16-22) have been synthesized by the cyclization
of compounds 1-(2′-carboxyl-5′-methoxyindolyl-3-arylidenyl chalcones (2-8) by treating them with
hydrazine hydrate/glacial acetic acid and hydroxylamine hydrochloride/2% NaOH, respectively and
TLC checked for their purity. Structure of all these newly synthesized compounds was characterized
by elemental (C, H, N) analysis and IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds
were tested for their anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities and acute toxicity and found to
possess varying degrees of these activities. Compound 15 is 5-(3′′-methoxy-4′′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-
(2′-carboxy-5′-methoxyindolyl)-2-pyrazoline found to be the most potent compound of the series, more
potent than the standard drug phenylbutazone.
Synthesis of bis Azo Disperse Dyes derived from 2-Amino-4(4′-nitro phenyl)thiazole
having tertiary-Amines as Coupling Component, their Characterization and
Evolution of Dyeing Characteristics
Authors: Kucha Navinkumar A. , Tank Manishkumar J. , Mitchla Salma M. , Patel Falguni T. , Malik G.M.
Published: April 2022

2-Amino-4(4′-nitro phenyl)-1,3-thiazole was used to couple with diazotized 2-amino-5(4′-nitro phenyl)-
1,3,4-thiadiazole to gave mono azo disperse dye with good yield. This mono azo disperse dye was
further diazotized and coupled with different tertiary amines which were couplers that yielded bis azo
disperse dyes (AJ1-AJ15). The synthesized dyes were analyzed via elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR
spectral analysis. All the synthesized dyes were applied on polyester fiber by using HTHP method and
their dyeing performance and their fastness characteristics were studied.