bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lip-Reading Advancements: A 3D Convolutional Neural Network/Long Short-Term Memory Fusion for Precise Word Recognition
Authors: Exarchos Themis , Dimitrakopoulos Georgios N. , Vrahatis Aristidis G. , Chrysovitsiotis Georgios , Zachou Zoi , Kyrodimos Efthymios
Published: February 2024

Lip reading, the art of deciphering spoken words from the visual cues of lip movements, has garnered significant interest for its potential applications in diverse fields, including assistive technologies, human–computer interaction, and security systems. With the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing emphasis on non-verbal communication methods, the significance of lip reading has expanded beyond its traditional boundaries. These technological advancements have led to the generation of large-scale and complex datasets, necessitating the use of cutting-edge deep learning tools that are adept at handling such intricacies. In this study, we propose an innovative approach combining 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to tackle the challenging task of word recognition from lip movements. Our research leverages a meticulously curated dataset, named MobLip, encompassing various speech patterns, speakers, and environmental conditions. The synergy between the spatial information extracted by 3D CNNs and the temporal dynamics captured by LSTMs yields impressive results, achieving an accuracy rate of up to 87.5%, showcasing robustness to lighting variations and speaker diversity. Comparative experiments demonstrate our model’s superiority over existing lip-reading approaches, underlining its potential for real-world deployment. Furthermore, we discuss ethical considerations and propose avenues for future research, such as multimodal integration with audio data and expanded language support. In conclusion, our 3D CNN-LSTM architecture presents a promising solution to the complex problem of word recognition from lip movements, contributing to the advancement of communication technology and opening doors to innovative applications in an increasingly visual world.
Neurite Growth and Electrical Activity in PC-12 Cells: Effects of H3 Receptor-Inspired Electromagnetic Fields and Inherent Schumann Frequencies
Authors: Lefebvre Landon M. , Plourde-Kelly Adam D. , Saroka Kevin S. , Dotta Blake T.
Published: February 2024

Cells are continually exposed to a range of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including those from the Schumann resonance to radio waves. The effects of EMFs on cells are diverse and vary based on the specific EMF type. Recent research suggests potential therapeutic applications of EMFs for various diseases. In this study, we explored the impact of a physiologically patterned EMF, inspired by the H3 receptor associated with wakefulness, on PC-12 cells in vitro. Our hypothesis posited that the application of this EMF to differentiated PC-12 cells could enhance firing patterns at specific frequencies. Cell electrophysiology was assessed using a novel device, allowing the computation of spectral power density (SPD) scores for frequencies between 1 Hz and 128 Hz. T-tests comparing SPD at certain frequencies (e.g., 29 Hz, 30 Hz, and 79 Hz) between the H3-EMF and control groups showed a significantly higher SPD in the H3 group (p < 0.050). Moreover, at 7.8 Hz and 71 Hz, a significant correlation was observed between predicted and percentages of cells with neurites (R = 0.542). Key findings indicate the efficacy of the new electrophysiology measure for assessing PC-12 cell activity, a significant increase in cellular activity with the H3-receptor-inspired EMF at specific frequencies, and the influence of 7.8 Hz and 71 Hz frequencies on neurite growth. The overall findings support the idea that the electrical frequency profiles of developing cell systems can serve as an indicator of their progression and eventual cellular outcomes.
Association of KRAS G12C Status with Age at Onset of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sunagua Aruquipa Marcelo , D’Alpino Peixoto Renata , Jacome Alexandre , Cesar Fernanda , Lorandi Vinicius , Dienstmann Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

The association of age at the onset of CRC and the prevalence of a KRAS G12C mutation is unclear. A retrospective, multicenter study evaluating metastatic CRC patients from January 2019 to July 2023, treated at the Oncoclinicas units and tested for tissue based KRAS/NRAS and BRAF mutations in a centralized genomics lab. A mismatch repair (MMR) status was retrieved from different labs and electronic medical records, as were patient demographics (age, gender) and tumor sidedness. The chi-square test was used to examine the association between clinical and molecular variables, with p value < 0.05 being statistically significant. A total of 858 cases were included. The median age was 63.7 years (range 22–95) and 17.4% were less than 50 years old at the diagnosis of metastatic CRC. Male patients represented 50.3% of the population. The sidedness distribution was as follows: left side 59.2%, right side 36.8% and not specified 4%. The prevalence of the KRAS mutation was 49.4% and the NRAS mutation was 3.9%. Among KRAS mutated tumors, the most common variants were G12V (27.6%) and G12D (23.5%), while KRAS G12C was less frequent (6.4%), which represented 3.1% of the overall population. The BRAF mutant cases were 7.3% and most commonly V600E. Only five (<1%) non-V600E mutations were detected. MSI-high or dMMR was present in 14 cases (1.6%). In the age-stratified analysis, left-sidedness (p < 0.001) and a KRAS G12C mutation (p = 0.046) were associated with a younger age (<50 years). In the sidedness-stratified analysis, a BRAF mutation (p = 0.001) and MSI-high/dMMR status (p = 0.009) were more common in right-sided tumors. Our data suggest that KRAS G12C mutations are more frequent in early-onset metastatic CRC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort in the Latin American population with metastatic CRC reporting RAS, BRAF and MSI/MMR status.
Effectiveness of Oral versus Injectable Semaglutide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Retrospective Observational Study in Croatia
Authors: Klobučar Sanja , Belančić Andrej , Bukša Iva , Morić Nikolina , Rahelić Dario
Published: February 2024

Background: The number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing daily, and therefore, effective therapy is needed to successfully regulate glycemia and reduce the risk of associated complications. Recently, an oral formulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide has become available. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of the new oral formulation and the existing injectable formulation of semaglutide in terms of glycemic and body weight control in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: This was a single-center retrospective observational study conducted at the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre. A total of 106 patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7%) on different oral or basal insulin supported oral therapy were enrolled in the study, and data from electronic medical records were retrospectively collected and analyzed from May 2021 to November 2022. All subjects were GLP-1 RA-naive and consequently prescribed 0.5 or 1.0 mg of once weekly injectable semaglutide (IS) or 7 mg or 14 mg of once daily oral semaglutide (OS) for at least 6 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed prior to semaglutide administration and after a 6-month follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c, and secondary endpoints were the change in body weight and the proportion of participants with a reduction in body weight of ≥5% and ≥10%, respectively, 6 months after the initiation of semaglutide treatment. Results: At the 6-month follow-up, no significant difference was observed between the two formulations in terms of HbA1c reduction (IS −1.1% vs. OS −1.4%, p = 0.126) and weight loss (IS −6.50 kg vs. OS −5.90 kg, p = 0.714). Exactly the same proportion of participants in both groups achieved a weight loss of ≥5% (56.7%, n = 30). A weight loss ≥ 10% was observed in 20.7% (n = 11) of participants administered IS and 15.1% (n = 8) of participants administered OS, respectively (p = 0.454). Conclusion: In a real-world setting, oral semaglutide as an add-on therapy to ongoing antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who had not previously received GLP-1 RA demonstrated a similar effectiveness as injectable semaglutide in terms of glycemic control and weight loss after 6 months of treatment.
Relation between Adaptive Eating and Energy Intake Coping Strategies in a Refeed Model for Bodybuilders
Authors: de Moraes Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro , Moura Ronaldo Ferreira , Alves Ragami , Vilar Neto José de Oliveira , de Castro Bruno Magalhães , Leão Douglas , Prestes Jonato
Published: February 2024

Lean bodybuilder athletes may encounter challenges in adapting their eating habits during ad libitum refeed, either intuitively or consciously. Aims: This paper investigates whether there is a relationship between adaptive eating and energy intake coping strategies in a refeed model for bodybuilders. Methods: Fourteen male bodybuilders (29.6 ± 3.1 years; 85.6 ± 6.8 kg, ≥6 competitions) completed a 4-week regimen consisting of 5 days of energy restriction followed by 2 days of refeed. Dietary assessment, body composition (ultrasound), recovery stress questionnaire (REST-Q) and Brunel mood scale (BRUMS) were utilized pre- and post-regimen. Coping function questionnaire (CFQ), mindful eating scale version 2 (MES 2) and the intuitive eating scale-2 (IES-2) were evaluated at the 4th week. Results: Compared to the initial values, the refeed day resulted in a daily caloric increase of 44% compared to the average energy intake on the energy restriction days, culminating in a weekly calorie deficit of 27% and a drop in body mass of 3.1 ± 1.4%. Most participants showed reduced body fat and preserved or gained lean mass. The energy consumption during the refeed maintained an inverse relationship with the perception of satiety (r = −0.9; p < 0.01), the IES 2 total scores (r = −0.82; p < 0.01), as well as the confidence in hunger and satiety cues (r = −0.62; p = 0.02) and congruence in food–body choice dimensions (r = −0.56; p = 0.04). Emotional coping maintained an inverse relationship with the IES 2 total scores (r = 0.54; p < 0.05) and an inverse relationship with energy intake during refeed (r = −0.42; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that a heightened perception of internal hunger and satiety signals and higher scores in intuitive eating may contribute to adequate energy intake, even when high scores of emotional coping are present.
Assessing Post-Monsoon Seasonal Soil Loss over Un-Gauged Stations of the Dwarkeswar and Shilabati Rivers, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukherjee Ankita , Kumari Maya , Mishra Varun Narayan
Published: February 2024

This study employs the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate soil loss within the Shilabati and Dwarkeswar River Basin of West Bengal, serving as a pilot investigation into soil erosion levels at ungauged stations during the post-monsoon season. Detailed data for temperature, precipitation, wind speed, solar radiation, and relative humidity for 2000–2022 were collected. A land use map, soil map, and slope map were prepared to execute the model. The model categorizes the watershed region into 19 sub-basins and 227 Hydrological Response Units (HRUs). A detailed study with regard to soil loss was carried out. A detailed examination of soil erosion patterns over four distinct time periods (2003–2007, 2007–2012, 2013–2017, and 2018–2022) indicated variability in soil loss severity across sub-basins. The years 2008–2012, characterized by lower precipitation, witnessed reduced soil erosion. Sub-basins 6, 16, 17, and 19 consistently faced substantial soil loss, while minimal erosion was observed in sub-basins 14 and 18. The absence of a definitive soil loss pattern highlights the region’s susceptibility to climatic variables. Reduced soil erosion from 2018 to 2022 is attributed to diminished precipitation and subsequent lower discharge levels. The study emphasizes the intricate relationship between climatic factors and soil erosion dynamics.
Asymptomatic Intestinal Ischemia Secondary to Thrombosis of the Spleno-Mesenteric Portal Axis: Usefulness of Laparoscopic Approach for Diagnosis and Therapeutical Decisions—Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gianazza Simone , Morabito Marika , Inversini Davide , Garbarino Sabrina , Ripamonti Marta , Ietto Giuseppe , Carcano Giulio
Published: February 2024

Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis (MVT) is a rare but often lethal form of ischemia. The diagnosis may be difficult for the clinician due to its mild symptoms with a great discrepancy between the pain suffered by the patients and the clinical observation. The non-specificity of the laboratory tests and the challenge in computed tomography (CT) scan in distinguishing when an ischemia is occurring lead to the risk of an unrecognized diagnosis, especially considering that an early onset of treatment is largely fundamental for better outcomes. Also, the choice between the surgical approach and the anticoagulation may be a pitfall for the clinicians. The treatment choice requires a multidisciplinary approach. Emergency exploration by laparoscopy allows clinicians to reach the correct diagnosis and the real-time assessment of the intestinal infarction extension, playing a double diagnostic and therapeutic role in those doubtful and tricky cases. Here, a 77-year-old male with a completely asymptomatic bowel ischemia secondary to a Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis was submitted to a laparoscopic approach.
The Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Rationally Designed NiFe-Based Glycerates
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Malik Bibhudatta , Konar Rajashree , Avraham Efrat Shawat , Nessim Gilbert Daniel
Published: February 2024

The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an arduous step in water splitting due to its slow reaction rate and large overpotential. Herein, we synthesized glycerate-anion-intercalated nickel–iron glycerates (NiFeGs) using a one-step solvothermal reaction. We designed various NiFeGs by tuning the molar ratio between Ni and Fe to obtain Ni4Fe1G, Ni3Fe1G, Ni3Fe2G, and Ni1Fe1G, which we tested for their OER performance. We initially analyzed the catalytic performance of powder samples immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes using a binder. Ni3Fe2G outperformed the other NiFeG compositions, including NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). It exhibited an overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in an electrolytic solution of pH 14. We then synthesized carbon paper (CP)-modified Ni3Fe2G as a self-supported electrode (Ni3Fe2G/CP), and it exhibited a high current density (100 mA cm−2) at a low overpotential of 300 mV. The redox peak analysis for the NiFeGs revealed that the initial step of the OER is the formation of γ-NiOOH, which was further confirmed by a post-Raman analysis. We extensively analyzed the catalyst’s stability and lifetime, the nature of the active sites, and the role of the Fe content to enhance the OER performance. This work may provide the motivation to study metal-alkoxide-based efficient OER electrocatalysts that can be used for alkaline water electrolyzer applications.
Review of Classification Systems for Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity/Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity and the Novel Development of the Triple Classification Delinking Instability/Deformity/Reactivity and Foot Type
Authors: Pasapula Chandra Seker , Choudkhuri Makhib Rashid , Monzó Eva R. Gil , Dhukaram Vivek , Shariff Sajid , Pasterse Vitālijs , Richie Douglas , Kobezda Tamas , Solomou Georgios , Cutts Steven
Published: February 2024

Background: Classifications of AAFD/PCFD have evolved with an increased understanding of the pathology involved. A review of classification systems helps identify deficiencies and respective contributions to the evolution in understanding the classification of AAFD/PCFD. Methods: Using multiple electronic database searches (Medline, PubMed) and Google search, original papers classifying AAFD/PCFD were identified. Nine original papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Johnson’s original classification and multiple variants provided a significant leap in understanding and communicating the pathology but remained tibialis posterior tendon-focused. Drawbacks of these classifications include the implication of causality, linearity of progression through stages, an oversimplification of stage 2 deformity, and a failure to understand that multiple tendons react, not just tibialis posterior. Later classifications, such as the PCFD classification, are deformity-centric. Early ligament laxity/instability in normal attitude feet and all stages of cavus feet can present with pain and instability with minor/no deformity. These may not be captured in deformity-based classifications. The authors developed the ‘Triple Classification’ (TC) understanding that primary pathology is a progressive ligament failure/laxity that presents as tendon reactivity, deformity, and painful impingement, variably manifested depending on starting foot morphology. In this classification, starting foot morphology is typed, ligament laxities are staged, and deformity is zoned. Conclusions: This review has used identified deficiencies within classification systems for AAFD/PCFD to delink ligament laxity, deformity, and foot type and develop the ‘Triple classification’. Advantages of the TC may include representing foot types with no deformity, defining complex secondary instabilities, delinking foot types, tendon reactivity/ligament instability, and deformity to represent these independently in a new classification system. Level of Evidence: Level V.
Publisher’s Note: Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry, a New Open Access Journal
Authors: Craciun Ioana
Published: February 2024

Collaborations between academia and industry serve as a powerful catalyst for scientific progress, synergizing the strengths of both sectors [...]
Towards a Typology of Zero Aboutness: Expletive A in Fornese and Chiru in Cilentano
Authors: De Cia Simone , Cerullo Mariangela
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the syntactic–pragmatic behavior of two expletive-like elements, namely a and chiru, in Fornese and Cilentano, two Romance varieties spoken in Northern and Southern Italy, respectively. We argue that a and chiru are not bona fide expletive subjects but discourse-pragmatic expletives, which mark zero aboutness or the absence of an aboutness referent in an utterance. The investigation of Fornese and Cilentano points towards the existence of a sub-class of null-subject languages where aboutness as a discourse feature must be structurally satisfied by merging an overt or null topic in the syntactic spine of the clause. In the absence of such an element—for example, in thetic clauses—a discourse-pragmatic expletive is externally merged as a last-resort strategy to satisfy [uAboutness]. We argue that, in these null-subject languages, the satisfaction of the discourse feature [uAboutness] is an LF requirement, which is subject to a parametric choice. We show that, in Fornese, “default” [aboutness] is satisfied in SubjP, which is the canonical syntactic position for overt subjects within a cartographic approach. In Cilentano, on the other hand, [aboutness] is satisfied in a higher position within the C-domain, namely ShiftP, the canonical syntactic position that hosts overt aboutness/shift topics.
The Intonation of Peruvian Amazonian Spanish Declaratives: An Exploration of Spontaneous Speech
Authors: García Miguel
Published: February 2024

The present study explores intonational patterns in spontaneous speech in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish (PAS). The data came from 12 monolingual Spanish speakers in the city of Pucallpa, where the Spanish language has historically been in contact with the Amazonian language Shipibo-Konibo. The speakers responded to an open-ended prompt that elicited broad focus declaratives. Acoustic information from 1524 pitch accents was extracted from 194 sentences and analyzed using Praat. The analysis focused on five features: F0 rises, F0 peak alignment, downstepping, final lowering, and cases of stress clash. The results not only supported previous research on this variety that came from read speech tasks (e.g., F0 peaks consistently aligned with the stressed syllable), but also highlighted the importance of using multiple methodologies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of PAS prosody. Specifically, the varied sentence lengths and structures common in spontaneous speech provided new insights into downstepping, final lowering, and stress clash in PAS intonation. Overall, these results contribute to the growing literature on Spanish prosody in shared linguistic spaces and lend support for trends (such as F0 peak alignment) that have been reported in other language contact varieties.
Impact of Patient Blood Management on Red Blood Cell Utilization in an Urban Community Teaching Hospital: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Ding Wen , Friedman Mark T. , Lombardi Daniel P. , Hwang Richard , Sender Joel , Cobaj Valdet , Niazi Masooma , Li Yanhua , Karpinos Robert
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to showcase how implementing a patient blood management (PBM) program effectively cuts unnecessary red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in a New York City urban community teaching hospital. Methods: Analyzing seven years from 2013 to 2019, a retrospective review of RBC transfusions was conducted. Results: Following the introduction of PBM, considerable improvements were observed annually. These included a drop in mean pretransfusion hemoglobin levels from 7.26 g/dL (2013) to 6.58 g/dL (2019), a 34% reduction in yearly RBC unit transfusions, and fewer units given to patients with pre-Hgb levels ≥ 7 g/dL (from 1210 units in 2013 to 310 units in 2019). Furthermore, this study noted a decline in two-unit RBC orders when Hgb levels were ≥ 7 g/dL from 65 orders in 2013 to merely 3 in 2019. The estimated total cost savings attributed to the six-year PBM program duration after full implementation in 2014 amounted to USD 2.1 million. Conclusions: Overall, PBM implementation significantly decreased RBC transfusions and enhanced transfusion practices. The findings emphasize that successful PBM strategies do not always necessitate extensive resources or increased budgets but instead rely on the application of intuitive methods, as evidenced by this study.
Research Progress on Stability Control on Ni-Based Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Wei Minghui , Shi Xuerong
Published: February 2024

CO2 reforming of CH4 (DRM) utilizes the greenhouse gases of CH4 and CO2 to obtain the synthesis gas, benefiting the achievement of carbon neutrality. However, the deactivation of Ni-based catalysts caused by sintering and carbon deposition limits the industrial application. Focusing on stability improvement, this review first summarizes the reaction mechanism and deactivation mechanism in DRM and then discusses the impact of catalyst active components, supports, and interfacial structure. Finally, we propose the design direction of stable Ni-based catalysts towards DRM, providing guidance for the future development of catalysts suitable for industrial production.
Molecular Melodies: Unraveling the Hidden Harmonies of NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Pérez Varela Iria , Shear Gavin , Cobas Carlos
Published: February 2024

This work explores the evolution of auditory analysis in NMR spectroscopy, tracing its journey from a supplementary tool to visual methods such as oscilloscopes, to a technique sidelined due to technological advancements. Despite its renaissance in the late 1990s with artistic and scientific applications, widespread adoption was hindered by the necessity for hardware modifications and reliance on specialized software. Addressing these barriers, this paper introduces a new feature in Mnova NMR software that facilitates the easy auditory interpretation of NMR signals. We discuss new applications of this tool, emphasizing its utility in aiding the identification of specific functional groups by auditory analysis of the spectrum’s multiplets, such as distinguishing between aromatic, olefinic, or aliphatic protons, thereby enriching the interpretative capabilities of NMR data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Short α and β-Mixed Peptides with Excellent Anti-Lipase Activities
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Asif Sabahat , Arfan Muhammad , Mahmood Qaiser , Islam Amjad , Gatasheh Mansour K. , Zia Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Obesity is a source of significant pathologies and deadly diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the most intriguing strategies in the hunt for new anti-obesity medications is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). This study presents a novel application of short α and β-mixed peptides as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. These peptides were synthesized in the solution phase and characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR. L-proline is present in a high percentage of natural anti-lipase peptides and was used as a β-amino acid in this study to enhance anti-lipase activity and proteolytic stability. Moreover, L-α-proline was converted to β-amino acid derivatives using the Arndt–Eistert method with the advantage of stereo control at the α-carbon. The synthesized peptides with anti-lipase activity are N-Boc-β-Pro-Gly-OBz (93%), N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-β-Pro-Gly-OBz (92%), N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-COOH (91%), N-Boc-Phe-β-Pro-OCH3 (90%), and N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-OCH3 (89%). These peptides may function as lead molecules for further modification to more significant molecules, which can help control obesity.
Eculizumab as Additional Rescue Therapy in Myasthenic Crisis
Authors: Crescenzo Francesco , Zanoni Mattia , Ferigo Laura , Rossi Francesca , Grecò Matteo , Lupato Angelica , Danese Alessandra , Ajena Domenico , Turazzini Michelangelo
Published: February 2024

Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody blocking the terminal complement protein C5. As demonstrated in the phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, REGAIN clinical trial, eculizumab is efficacious in acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab)-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America—MGFA class II–IV). It has not been studied in severe myasthenic exacerbation or myasthenic crisis (MGFA V). A 73-year-old man diagnosed with myasthenia gravis AChR-Ab positivity came to our observation for symptoms of bulbar and ocular weakness and unresponsiveness or intolerability to conventional immunosuppressive therapies (prednisone and azathioprine). Due to the recurrent clinical worsening with intubation over a short-term period, the patient was treated with eculizumab. After 15 days of eculizumab treatment, we observed a significant recovery of clinical condition. We discharged the patient to an outpatient regimen, where he is continuing with maintenance doses of eculizumab and slowly tapering steroid intake. The use of eculizumab in myasthenic crises is still anecdotal. Our case aims to provide eculizumab benefit for refractory severe gMG in a practical, real-world setting beyond the criteria of the REGAIN study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in myasthenic crises.
Dielectrophoretic Particle Chromatography: From Batch Processing to Semi-Continuous High-Throughput Separation
Authors: Giesler Jasper , Weirauch Laura , Thöming Jorg , Pesch Georg R. , Baune Michael
Published: February 2024

The development of highly selective separation processes is a focus of current research. In 2016, the German Science Foundation funded a priority program SPP 2045 “MehrDimPart—highly specific multidimensional fractionation of fine particles with technical relevance” that aims to develop new or enhance existing approaches for the separation of nano- and micrometer-sized particles. Dielectrophoretic separators achieve highly selective separations of (bio-)particles in microfluidic devices or can handle large quantities when non-selective separation is sufficient. Recently, separator designs were developed that aim to combine a high throughput and high selectivity. Here, we summarize the development from a microfluidic fast chromatographic separation via frequency modulated dielectrophoretic particle chromatography (DPC) toward a macrofluidic high throughput separation. Further, we provide a starting point for future work by providing new experimental data demonstrating for the first time the trapping of 200 nm polystyrene particles in a dielectrophoretic high-throughput separator that uses printed circuit boards as alternatives for expensive electrode arrays.
Codes of Conduct at Zoos: A Case Study of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
Authors: Fennell David , Guo Yulei
Published: February 2024

Zoos consistently implement codes of conduct in efforts to manage visitor behaviour. However, few studies have examined the use of the codes of conduct in zoos, even though they carry significant ethical implications regarding the relationship between humans and animals in society. This study provides an explorative investigation into the use of codes of conduct at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (Panda Base). Positioning the Panda Base as a place to negotiate the boundaries between humans and animals, this study surveyed visitors’ initial engagement with the Base’s code of conduct, their compliance with the code, and their assessment of the code. The findings point to a significant disparity between how visitors engage with and perceive the value of the code, which failed to prevent visitors from having close contact with animals at the Panda Base. We argue that Foucault’s philosophy on taboos in modern society can help us understand the ineffectiveness of the codes of conduct in zoos. However, Kant’s philosophy can orient human-animal interactions more ethically and provide an opportunity to consider the significance of codes of conduct in zoos. Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of codes of conduct at zoos are provided.
Water Distribution Systems: Integrated Approaches for Effective Utility Management
Authors: Grigg Neil S.
Published: February 2024

An extensive review of research advances in distribution system management was conducted to include methods, tools, and frameworks for integration. Sources included archival journals and water industry reports from research institutes, government regulators, and industry media covering case studies of advances that were implemented. Results showed that while effective management of water distribution systems requires an integrated approach, none of the available frameworks for one are in broad use in the water supply industry. Frameworks developed include a management standard of the American Water Works Association and Distribution System Optimization, a methodology for physical, hydraulic, and water quality performance assessment. The intelligent systems framework also offers a promising pathway to integration, but it lacks a definite structure. The voluntary aspect of adopting innovations within the fragmented and uncoordinated nature of the water utility industry poses a barrier to adoption of such innovations. Another barrier is the uncoordinated arrangements of water research stakeholders with different incentive structures. Intelligent water systems offer a way to incentive the utility industry to encourage implementation. They can provide a bottom-up approach where the utility industry can see advantages, as opposed to a top-down approach where they are expected to adopt a method without seeing clear benefits. Research to develop new and improved tools is needed, but the research roadmap should prioritize implementation.
Sustainability Reporting and International Rankings in Higher Education: A Case of the University of Split, Croatia
Authors: Alfirević Nikša , Jerković Igor , Jelić Petra , Piplica Damir , Rendulić Darko
Published: February 2024

We offer practical, case-based experiences on sustainability reporting in higher education institutions (HEIs), with a focus on the integration of sustainability activities into strategic planning and quality management. A proposed approach is based on the experience of the University of Split, Croatia, and the lessons learned from the SEA-EU University Alliance. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), our model emphasizes the active engagement of stakeholders and the continuous collection and review of sustainability data. In addition, we propose to automate the collection and dissemination of sustainability research findings through the implementation of a Current Research Information System (CRIS). Our case study provides a roadmap for improving sustainability performance and reporting. The experience of the University of Split (Croatia) could be helpful and generalizable to a number of universities with an intermediate level of maturity in sustainability management and reporting, trying to improve their university rankings.
Supporting the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact on Adolescents’ Bullying Behaviour
Authors: Pivec Tina
Published: February 2024

Tailored interventions within the school context can promote the Five Cs of positive youth development—competence, confidence, character, caring, and connection—thus aiding in mitigating behaviours such as bullying. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored interventions targeting each of the Five Cs and its indirect impact on bullying and victimisation during school closures. The sample comprised 66 students in four experimental groups (general, technical, vocational, and short vocational school) and 47 students in two control groups (general and vocational). Each experimental group was analysed separately, considering the specific contextual needs of each. Results varied across groups: competence, character, and caring remained unchanged post-intervention, while connection increased in the experimental group from general school, and confidence decreased in the experimental groups from technical and vocational schools. When compared to control groups from each school, experimental groups from general and vocational schools had higher connection and experimental group from general school had lower competence than control group from the same school. Bullying outcomes showed a decrease in verbal bullying and victimisation in the experimental group from general school, an increase in cyberbullying in the experimental group from short vocational school, and a decrease in social bullying in the experimental group from general school. The study suggests that brief interventions can positively influence aspects of the Five Cs, impacting bullying and victimisation outcomes.
Progression along the invasion curve: silver carp growth slows temporally in two Missouri River tributaries
Authors: Harms Justin D. , Jimerson Kenny R. , Schmidt Josh M. , Lucchesi David O. , Schall Benjamin J. , Coulter Alison A.
Published: February 2024

Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, 1844) have been invading North American rivers for decades, often altering zooplankton community structure and impacting native fishes. Silver carp invaded eastern South Dakota tributaries of the Missouri River in the early 2000s. Changes in dynamic rate functions can occur as invasive populations move to the latter stages of the invasion curve, but direct temporal assessments of silver carp populations are limited. Our objectives were to compare current growth of silver carp 1) between the Big Sioux and James rivers in South Dakota and 2) with previous growth recorded from the early stages of invasion (2009–2012) in these rivers. We collected silver carp in May and June of 2020–2022 using boat electrofishing and cast netting. We extracted lapilli otoliths for consensus aging from 99 and 82 silver carp from the Big Sioux and James rivers, respectively. We evaluated growth for each population using Bayesian von Bertalanffy models and compared posterior mean length at ages 2–5 to determine the probabilities of differences between rivers and with estimates from the introduction stage. Posterior estimated mean L∞ values were similar between the Big Sioux (714 mm) and James rivers (709 mm); however, the probability that the posterior mean K estimate was greater for silver carp in the James River (0.271) than the Big Sioux River (0.248) was >99.9%. Estimated mean lengths at age 2 were larger in the Big Sioux and James samples than during the introduction stage, but mean lengths at ages 3–5 were smaller. Changes in growth characteristics indicate that growth has slowed in the current establishment stage of invasion from the earlier introduction stage.
Willingness to Continue Rice Farmers for Ciherang and Inpari 37 Varieties in South Sulawesi: The Influence of Attitude Attributes of Varieties and Socio-Economic Aspects
Authors: Fahmi Diah Arina , Irham Irham , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: February 2024

High-yielding varieties are technological innovations readily accepted by farmers and proven to increase rice productivity. This study aimed to determine the attitude of farmers toward the attributes of rice varieties and compare their willingness to continue in rice varieties and identify influencing factors. This research was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 with 101 farmers, selected by purposive sampling, using Ciherang and Inpari 37 varieties in South Sulawesi. Farmers’ attitudes towards the attributes of rice varieties were measured by Fishbein analysis. Proportion analysis was done to determine farmers’ willingness to continue using the Ciherang and Inpari 37 varieties, and binomial logistic analysis was used to estimate the factors that influence it. The results showed that farmers’ attitudes toward the attributes of the Ciherang variety were mainly higher than that of Inpari 37, except for attribute productivity, pest and disease resistance, milled yield quality, and grain selling price. The level of willingness of farmers to continue using Ciherang and Inpari 37 was in the high category with a higher Ciherang value than farmers of Inpari 37. The factors influencing the willingness to continue for both varieties were rice texture, resistance to pests and diseases and the selling price. Other factors variably influenced the willingness of farmers to continue for both varieties.
Evaluation of the durability of cementicious composites reinforced with natural vegetable fibers from the Amazon
Authors: De Oliveira Júlia Marques Zuany , Melo Filho João de Almeida
Published: February 2024

The study of the use of plant fibers as reinforcement for cementitious composites has become increasingly common in recent years, thanks to the advancement of technologies and the demand for innovative and sustainable materials. In the Amazon, this resource is widely found and used for different applications, and the present work is interested in evaluating the use of these fibers as structural reinforcement of cement slabs. The mechanical and durability properties of cementitious composites reinforced with a content of 5% vegetable fibers from jute (Corchorus capsularis) and mallow (Urena lobata L.) were investigated. The objective was to evaluate the quality and performance of these fibers as reinforcement of cementitious plates for a possible use of these composites in Civil Construction. Spreading and thermogravimetry tests were carried out on the matrix and tensile tests in flexion at 4 points on the composites. The results obtained indicated that the fibers provided an increase in the flexural strength and toughness of the composites, as well as the use of metakaolinite as a pozzolanic material, contributed to increasing the durability of these composites, indicating a great possibility of using them in structural and semi-structural applications.
Construction and analysis of a mini Tesla coil as an educational support elemento
Authors: De Oliveira Elias Martins , De Araújo Maicon Maciel Ferreira , Bezerra Mauro Guilherme Ferreira
Published: February 2024

This article presents an assembly manual for a Tesla coil prototype using low-cost materials, developed to meet the needs of public education in Brazil. Public education in Brazil faces significant challenges, including a lack of structural and teaching resources. This makes it difficult to teach complex subjects such as Physics, which require experimental resources to understand the concepts. The Tesla coil prototype is built from low-cost materials such as acrylic, PVC, copper and electronic components. The coil has a base with 26 concentric circles, which allows vertical mobility. For qualitative analysis, the coil is used to ionize a fluorescent lamp, which turns on only when approached. For quantitative analysis, the coil is coupled to a Gaussometer, which measures the magnetic field values at different distances from the coil. In other words, we model the relationship between the distance from the sensor to the coil and the value of the measured magnetic field. Tests carried out in two public schools demonstrated that the coil is capable of arousing students' curiosity and interest in experimental Physics. The students were impressed by the effect of the electrical sparks produced by the coil, and showed interest in learning more about the concepts involved. The prototype presented is a valuable tool for teaching Physics in public high schools. The coil is affordable, easy to build and can be used to carry out experiments in Physics classes, electives and in-depth courses.
Dirofilariasis: "Yours" or "Someone Else’s"?
Authors: Климович Н.В. , Падуто Д.С. , Анисько Л.А. , Климович А.Е. , Кардис В.И. , Шевякова Е.В. , Кокарева М.В. , Алишевич И.А.
Published: February 2024

Дирофиляриоз – инфекция, которая широко распространена среди собак в Северной и Южной Америке, Австралии, Южной Азии, Японии, регистрируется в европейском регионе. Дирофиляриоз у людей длительное время считали редким, характерным преимущественно для стран с жарким климатом заболеванием. У человека паразит обычно не достигает взрослой стадии и остается в незрелой форме. Это может вызвать синдром мигрирующей личинки и образование подкожных узелков. В данной публикации представлен клинический случай дирофиляриоза, выявленного в Республике Беларусь и претендующего на роль «местного» возбудителя. Согласно результатам гистологического исследования извлеченного паразита особь не обладала свойствами половозрелого организма, имела морфологические признаки, характерные для личинки. Учитывая наличие у пациентки постоянного контакта с собаками, проживающими на дворовой территории, проявление локальных признаков потенциального места внедрения возбудителя, появление множественных подкожных узелков (со слов пациента), вероятнее всего, речь идет о повторном инфицировании. С учетом анамнеза отсутствия посещения регионов, эндемичных по дирофиляриозу, расширяющегося ареала распространения возбудителя, представленный случай может быть отнесен к аутохтонному.

Dirofilariasis is a widespread infection among dogs in North and South America, Australia, South Asia, Japan, and it is registered in the European region. Dirofilariasis in humans has long been considered rare, characteristic mainly of countries with hot climates. In humans, the parasite usually does not reach the adult stage and remains in an immature form. This can cause migrating larva syndrome and the formation of subcutaneous nodules. This publication presents a clinical case of dirofilariasis identified in the Republic of Belarus and claiming to be a “local” pathogen. According to the results of histological examination of the extracted parasite, the individual did not possess the properties of a sexually mature organism, had morphological signs characteristic of a larva. The patient in this case had constant contact with dogs living in outside, the manifestation of local signs of a potential site of introduction of the pathogen, the appearance of multiple subcutaneous nodules, most likely we are talking about re-infection. Taking into account the anamnesis of the absence of visits to regions endemic to dirofilariasis, the expanding range of the pathogen, the presented case can be attributed to local case.
Rare Comorbid Condition in Ophthalmological Practice
Authors: Гюрджян Т.А. , Гришкевич А.Н. , Василевич Е.В. , Пинчук Н.А. , Потрясова Н.В. , Чиж А.Г. , Семак И.А.
Published: February 2024

Офтальмологию относят к «узкой» специальности. Это можно объяснить условной изолированностью органа зрения от нашего организма. Но это очень относительно. По сути, изолированных органов нет, хотя некоторая «самостоятельность», «автономность» систем и органов существует. Многие общие, системные патологические процессы, в частности сердечно-сосудистые и эндокринные заболевания, проявляются изменениями со стороны органа зрения. Тесные анатомо-топографические связи околоносовых пазух с орбитой предрасполагают к развитию офтальмологических осложнений практически при всех заболеваниях околоносовых пазух, в том числе и при новообразованиях околоносовых пазух, среди которых наиболее часто встречается мукоцеле, которое может распространиться в орбиту и в редких случаях в полость черепа.

Ophthalmology is classified as a "narrow" specialty. This can be explained by the relative isolation of the organ of vision from our body. But this is very relative. In essence, there are no "isolated" organs, although relative "independence", "autonomy" of systems and organs exists. Many general, systemic pathological processes, in particular cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, are manifested by changes in the organ of vision. The close anatomical and topographic connections of the paranasal sinuses with the orbit predispose to the development of ophthalmological complications in almost all diseases of the paranasal sinuses, including neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses, among which the most common are mucoceles, which can spread into the orbit and, in rare cases, into the cranial cavity.