bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring heart rhythms in adult males with X-linked ichthyosis using wearable technology: a feasibility study
Authors: Wren Georgina H. , O’Callaghan Peter , Zaidi Abbas , Thompson Andrew R. , Humby Trevor , Davies William
Published: February 2025

The rare dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is associated with a substantially-increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias predispose to multiple serious health conditions, and there is a need to identify them at an early stage, ideally using non-invasive, convenient, cost-effective, and reliable wearable technology methods. We tested the feasibility of monitoring heart rhythms using an Apple Watch in five adult males from the United Kingdom diagnosed with XLI. Participants returned routine electrocardiogram (ECG) traces from the watch three times per week for eight weeks (plus any traces associated with ‘watch alerts’ indicating arrhythmic episodes) for cardiologist review. Participant feedback was also obtained on the perceived usability/wearability of the watch/app, and on the study requirements. Participants were generally happy with the study conduct, found the watch/app straightforward to use, and there was a > 95% data return rate. Minor protocol improvements were suggested. There were few issues reported with wearability of the watch. Three participants exhibited no ECG abnormalities, but two presented with ventricular ectopic beats (VEs). Only one watch ‘alert’ ECG was returned, and this was considered normal sinus rhythm, suggesting the possibility of ‘false positive’ calls. Based on our small sample, smartwatch-based screening for cardiac rhythm abnormalities in the high-risk male XLI population appears useful, feasible, and acceptable to patients and a larger-scale clinical trial is warranted. Potentially, such devices may be more suited to detecting persistent abnormalities rather than unpredictable, acute, arrhythmic episodes. The high VE burden in some participants with XLI is consistent with septal defects underlying arrhythmia risk.
The impact of severe mental disorders on mother-infant interaction: a systematic review
Authors: Vilaseca Berta , Roca-Lecumberri Alba , García-Gibert Cristina , Forte Florencia , Torres-Giménez Anna , Solé Eva , Andrés-Perpiñá Susana , Barajas Ana , Gelabert Estel
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Mother-Infant Interaction (MII) is the first dynamic relationship that focuses on both mother-infant involvement and dyadic coordination and is associated with infant development. The main objective of this review is to summarize the evidence on the quality of MII in mothers with Severe Mental Illness (SMI).

Method

A systematic search for cross sectional, cohort or case control studies has been carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus to extract studies addressing the relationship between the quality of MII and SMI.

Results

A total of 15 studies with a sample of 992 women were included. Studies showed worst outcomes for MII in mothers with psychotic disorder and bipolar disorder. The impairments were more pronounced in psychotic disorders.

Conclusions

There is evidence of impaired MII in SMI. Social cognition (SC) is essential for understanding and responding to infant cues, so it could partially explain the associations between SMI and interaction outcomes. The current evidence is limited due to substantial heterogeneity and methodological limitations in the studies. Therefore, such findings should be interpreted with caution.
Does it Pay to Patent Green Innovations? Stock Market Reactions to Family and Nonfamily Firms’ Green Patents
Authors: Chirico Francesco , Eddleston Kimberly A. , Patel Pankaj C.
Published: February 2025

Are green patents granted to family firms perceived more favorably by the market than those granted to non-family firms? Using a sample of 8918 green patents granted to family and non-family firms between 2014 and 2018, our study shows that it depends on the attributes of the green patent. Integrating the green innovation and family firm literatures with signaling theory, we develop a theoretical framework that highlights the need for family firms to balance their pursuit of green innovation with signals of innovation stability and due diligence so as to gain the greatest market value from their green patents. In contrast, we theorize that green patents offer nonfamily firms the greatest gain in market value when they signal innovation radicalness and newness. While our results show that the stock market reaction does not vary significantly between family and non-family firms, when we consider the attributes of green patents, we find that compared to nonfamily firms, family firms with longer green patent grant lags realize a more positive market reaction whereas those with higher patent radicalness experience a more negative market reaction. As such, our study suggests that the types of green patents that garner the greatest market value differ for family and nonfamily firms. The findings are robust to alternate family firm definitions, and additional robustness checks.
Students’ performance and typical errors in filling empty probabilistic visualizations with probabilities or frequencies
Authors: Rößner Michael , Binder Karin , Geier Corbinian , Krauss Stefan
Published: February 2025

It has been established that, in Bayesian tasks, performance and typical errors in reading information from filled visualizations depend both on the type of the provided visualization and information format. However, apart from reading visualizations, students should also be able to create visualizations on their own and successfully use them as heuristic tools in modeling tasks. In this paper, we first want to broaden the view on Bayesian reasoning to probabilistic tasks with two binary events in general and embed the whole process of solving these tasks using probabilistic visualizations in a modified modeling framework. Thereby, it becomes apparent that most of the steps remained untouched by existing research. Second, in the present empirical study, we focused on one part of the largely unexplored creation process and examined entering statistical information into empty visualizations as heuristic tools. N = 172 participants had to enter conditional and joint probabilities or the corresponding frequencies into empty visualizations in a paper-and-pencil test. We analyze (a) students’ performance when entering information in visualizations and (b) typical errors, both dependent on the information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies), which empty visualization structure (2⨯2 table, double tree, net diagram) was provided, and type of information (conditional vs. joint information). The well-known positive effect of natural frequencies on participants’ performance was evident when entering conditional information into 2⨯2 tables and net diagrams. However, with respect to joint information, no superior effect of frequencies was observed. Furthermore, the theoretical implementation of our research in a modeling cycle allows us to identify desiderata for future research.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Who Moved, Why, and Where?
Authors: Rebhun Uzi , Brown David L.
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 affected the social, economic, and spatial patterns of people’s lives. Families adjusted their places of work, where their children were educated, and their interactions with relatives and friends. The disease weakened some individuals’ and families’ attachment to their places of residence and prompted some to reconsider where to live. We examine the selectivity, reasons, and types of COVID-induced migration in the U.S. during the first year of the pandemic. Using Pew’s American Trends Panel, we find that 3 percent relocated by June 2020 because of the pandemic. One-third of movers feared infection, another quarter wished to be with family, and nearly half were guided by educational and economic considerations. By November, four out of ten were still living outside their origin community, a third dwelled elsewhere in their origin community, and a quarter had returned to their pre-COVID home. Multivariate analyses show that COVID migrants differed from ordinary migrants and from non-movers. High rates of COVID mortality in county of residence heightened the likelihood of moving. Compared with COVID migrants whose concerns were mainly educational and economic, those who feared infection tended to be younger, native-born, non-metro residents, religiously weak, and politically Republican; their counterparts who wished to be close to family were in mid-life, women, college educated, and more likely Republicans. The differences between inter-community migrants and intra-community/return migrants were limited to only a few characteristics i.e., type of residence, educational and economic attainments, and mortality rates in initial county of residence.
Enhanced micropollutant degradation over catalyst-free synergistic activation of periodate and persulfate under solar light
Authors: Zheng Zexiao , Man Justin H. K. , Wang Xiaoying , Kwan Alvin S. K. , Yim Kwan To , Lo Irene M. C.
Published: February 2025

Micropollutants are ubiquitous in water sources, posing threats to both human health and ecosystems. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are inefficient in micropollutant removal. In this study, the energy-effective and environmentally friendly solar light–driven periodate (PI) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) synergistic activation process (PI/PDS/solar light) is developed for efficient micropollutant decontamination. The PI/PDS/solar light process (0.5 mM PI and 0.25 mM PDS) achieves 100% degradation of 2 ppm CBZ in 15 min with a CBZ degradation rate constant of 0.31 min−1, which is 6.6 and 13.2 times that of PI/solar light (0.046 min−1, 0.5 mM PI) and PDS/solar light (0.023 min−1, 0.5 mM PDS). Mechanistic studies reveal that the enhanced solar light utilization and charge transfer between PI and PDS lead to the synergistic activation of the dual oxidants in the PI/PDS/solar light process, thus promoting micropollutant degradation. Additionally, the scavenging tests demonstrate that
•
OH and SO4

•− are the dominant radicals for CBZ degradation. Furthermore, the PI/PDS/solar light process exhibits excellent applicability in different types of water sources, where several water components (pH, natural organic matter, and anions) pose insignificant impacts on CBZ degradation. Nonetheless, the developed process still has a disadvantage in that the degradation intermediates of PPCPs may bring potential toxicity. The study offers valuable mechanistic insights into the novel synergistic PI and PDS coactivation process under solar light and highlights the practicability of the developed technique as an efficient strategy for micropollutant decontamination.
Nozzle Geometry Evaluation for Cold Spray Applications by Using 3D-CFD Calculations
Authors: Gutiérrez de Frutos J. , List A. , Nielsen S. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T.
Published: February 2025

In cold spray applications, optimum process conditions to accelerate particles may vary with different densities of the feedstock. These conditions could depend on the geometry of the spray nozzle, suggesting possible benefits of material-specific nozzle designs. The present study developed a nozzle geometry optimization concept based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) simulations to provide a specific nozzle design. Applying a design of experiments (DoE) approach, the proposed model seeks an optimal nozzle geometry, using aluminum Al6061 and pure copper with mean particle diameters of 40 µm as examples. Different geometry parameters were varied to reach the highest particle velocities before impact on the substrate, such as the nozzle’s divergent section length, throat cross section, and expansion ratio. The process gas was nitrogen with set stagnation pressure and temperature of 5 MPa and 500 °C, respectively. For high particle impact velocities, the simulation identified the divergent section length as the most influential parameter, followed by the throat cross section. In addition, the results show that the expansion ratio must be carefully tuned to avoid over-expansion of the gas already inside the nozzle, which is detrimental to the particle acceleration.
Biopolitics at the Nexus of Chronic and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Brantly N. D.
Published: February 2025

Non-communicable (chronic) and communicable (infectious) diseases constitute the leading causes of death worldwide. They appear to impact populations in developed and developing nations differently with changing trends in the landscape of human conditions. Greater understanding of changing disease burdens should influence the planning of health programmes, the implementation of related interventions, and policymaking efforts on a national and global scale. However, the knowledge of disease burdens does not reflect how states and global health organizations prioritize their efforts in addressing them. This work aims to address the discrepancy in public health priority setting by improving our understanding of how the two disease categories impact the human condition. It reviews two case studies, COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes, as representative cases of an infectious and a chronic disease, respectively, to answer the following question. How does biopolitics, as the governance of human bodies, at the nexus of infectious and chronic disease, impact national and global public health priorities? This work contextualizes and reframes the relationship towards disease categories by focusing on three primary themes: risk, current public health interventions, and funding priorities for each case study analysed. It argues that the politics over life at the nexus of chronic and infectious diseases, best conceived as future-oriented economic optimization, directs the efforts of prioritization in healthcare based on risk and responsibility-based relationship between multiple stakeholders.
Exploring the mental health of university students in Spain: What can we do to preserve and improve their mental health and wellbeing?
Authors: Soler J. , Perís-Baquero O. , Martínez-Garcia L. , Osma J.
Published: February 2025

The university stage represents an important change in life that is usually associated with various mental health problems which may have potentially been aggravated by the consequences of COVID-19. The objective of this study is to draw a clearer picture of the mental health of university students which may help to develop and implement interventions best suited to their needs. The sample of this study was composed of 433 university students, recruited through the snowball sampling method, who provided data about their depression, anxiety, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, trauma, and avoidance symptomatology and personality traits scores. The sample was divided according to the severity of the depressive and anxious symptoms into non-clinical (47.34%), subclinical (34.64%) and clinical groups (18.01%). From subclinical and clinical samples, less than 20% were receiving psychological help. Regarding the comparison with prevalence data prior to COVID-19, social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may have increased seriously, while trauma symptoms showed similar prevalence. The strongest associations of the variables among the three groups were the relationship between neuroticism with social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and between depression and avoidance. This study provides an overview of the mental health of university students in Spain, who seem to have a clear need for psychological support. We hope this data contributes to the debate about the role universities should play in ensuring services that address the mental health needs of students.
Unbounded Hölder Domains
Authors: Karafyllia Christina
Published: February 2025

Motivated by the classical bounded Hölder domains, we introduce the notion of an unbounded simply connected Hölder domain. We prove analytic and geometric characterizations of these domains with the aid of the spherical metric and the hyperbolic metric. We also study the relation of our definition to the definition of classical bounded Hölder domains. It turns out that unbounded Hölder domains form a natural class of domains for the study of the Hardy number (which determines the Hardy spaces to which the corresponding Riemann mapping belongs to). As an application of our characterizations, we prove a sharp bound for the Hardy number of an unbounded Hölder domain.
On the prospects of basal cognition research becoming fully evolutionary: promising avenues and cautionary notes
Authors: Fábregas-Tejeda Alejandro , Sims Matthew
Published: February 2025

The research programme ‘basal cognition’ adopts an evolutionary perspective for studying biological cognition. This entails investigating possible cognitive processes in ‘simple’–often non-neuronal–organisms as a means to discover conserved mechanisms and adaptive capacities underwriting cognition in more complex (neuronal) organisms. However, by pulling in the opposite direction of a tradition that views cognition as something that is unique to neuronal organisms, basal cognition has been met with a fair amount of scepticism by philosophers and scientists. The very idea of approaching cognition by way of investigating the behaviour and underlying mechanisms in, say, bacteria, has been seen as preposterous and harmful to both cognitive science and biology. This paper aims to temper such scepticism to a certain degree by drawing parallels with how the evolution of ‘development,’ another loaded concept that refers to a not-so-easily definable, contested bundle of phenomena, has been fruitfully approached in Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo). Through this comparison, we identify four promising features of the basal cognition approach. These features suggest that sweeping scepticism may be unwarranted. However, each of them comes with important epistemic cautionary notes that should not be disregarded. By presenting these twofold considerations as potential ways to integrate a fully evolutionary perspective into basal cognition, this paper seeks to provide clarity and direction for the advancement of this research programme.
Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar
Authors: Gao Yajie , Gao Yuan , Li Aimin
Published: February 2025

Persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar have attracted wide attention due to their multifaceted roles in the environment. The regulation of PFRs in biochar is not only beneficial to broaden its application potential, but also eliminates its environmental risks. However, as a common biochar modification reagent, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has not been studied in the field of PFRs regulation. Herein, this study systematically investigated the effect of H3PO4 on PFRs in biochar under various conditions. The results indicated that H3PO4 promoted the formation of PFRs in biochar at low pyrolysis temperature (< 500 °C), owing to the positive effect of catalytic cross-linking on the degradation of biomass precursor. Yet, H3PO4 reduced PFRs in biochar at high pyrolysis temperature (≥ 500 °C), since the capture of H∙ or HO∙ by PO∙ and the steric hindrance changed by H3PO4, which caused the rearrangement and polycondensation of carbon structure. H3PO4 also favored carbon-centered PFRs as the dominant type. The ingredients of biomass precursor, including cellulose, Fe, Ti, protein, etc., contributed to different effects on PFRs under H3PO4 modification. This study provided new insights into the roles of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of PFRs in biochar, coupled with regulation strategies in the practical application.

Graphical Abstract
Resilience to Workplace Incivility: How Different Recovery Experiences Influence Resilience Dimensions
Authors: Notebaert Lies , Crane Monique , Carpini Joseph A. , Timming Andrew R. , Eastham Judy
Published: February 2025

Workplace incivility is a common experience with detrimental individual and organizational outcomes. Personal resources such as recovery experiences can help individuals demonstrate resilience to such adversity. Yet, it remains unknown whether different approaches to daily work recovery contribute to different resilience outcome dimensions. The current study investigated whether psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control recovery experiences were differentially associated with resilience. We assessed resilience across the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment using a residual approach. Participants were 289 local government professionals who completed self-report measures of recovery experiences, workplace incivility, and burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed distinct patterns of associations. For emotional exhaustion resilience, psychological detachment and relaxation recovery opportunities were significant predictors. In contrast, none of the recovery experiences were associated with depersonalization resilience. For personal accomplishment resilience, only the mastery recovery opportunities emerged as a significant predictor. For comparison, psychological detachment and mastery experiences predicted higher scores on a conventional unidimensional trait resilience measure. These findings underscore the value of conceptualizing resilience as a multidimensional construct, as different recovery experiences appear to contribute to resilience in specific outcome domains. The results suggest that tailoring resilience-building strategies to target the unique needs and challenges faced by employees exposed to workplace incivility may be more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach. Continued research is needed to further elucidate the complex interplay between personal resources, workplace demands, and multifaceted resilient functioning.
The Effects of the Pegword Method on the Multiplication Skills of Students with Math Difficulties
Authors: Grünke Matthias , Braunwarth Isa , Connelly Vincent , Barwasser Anne
Published: February 2025

This single-case study assessed the effectiveness of a mnemonic pegword strategy designed to enhance the multiplication fact fluency of three 6th-grade students who demonstrated persistent learning difficulties in mathematics. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline across subjects design was utilized, incorporating 3–5 baseline sessions followed by 10–12 intervention sessions. The results indicated a noticeable, gradual improvement in the learners' ability to recall multiplication facts involving two-digit numbers quickly and accurately. Interviews conducted with the participants to assess the social validity of this approach revealed agreement and enthusiasm for the continued use of the strategy. Although acknowledging certain limitations inherent in this research, these results support the continued use of this intervention to aid students who struggle with basic multiplication. Further investigations are warranted to determine the generalizability of these findings and to address the study’s inherent limitations.
The coordinated development and evolutionary characteristics of “Port-Industry-City” System in Fangchenggang City of Western China
Authors: Ma Chunxiao , Mo Liulin , Wang Shifu
Published: February 2025

This study develops an integrated research framework that combines a Comprehensive Evaluation Indicator System, Coupling Coordination Degree Model, Composite System Evolution Model, and Obstacle Degree Model to analyze the dynamics of the 'Port-Industry-City' system. Using Fangchenggang, a keyt port in western China, as a case study, the paper contributes to the understanding of how port, industry, and city systems interact and evolve over time. The research findings indicate that: (1) At the system level, the coordination and interaction degree consistently improve, although the coupling and coordination exhibit fluctuating trends. The system progresses through various lag types, from port and city lag to industrial lag. (2) At the subsystem level, while the 'Industry-City' system remains stable, the 'Port-City' and 'Port-Industry' systems show fluctuating upward evolution, with U-shaped and W-shaped dynamic patterns. (3) At both the first- and second-level index factors, the primary lagging factors include industrial structure, city scale, and urban economy. Among the secondary indicators, the most significant lagging factors are total highway mileage and resident population. (4) The study highlights that the 'big port, small city' paradigm imposes significant constraints on the integrated development of Fangchenggang, with industrial development being the most critical challenge for future growth. This research provides new insights into the 'Port-Industry-City' literature by developing a multi-dimensional framework to assess the synergistic development of port cities and their industries.
Luminescence Dating of Stone Structures in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Feathers James K. , Mahan Shannon A.
Published: February 2025

There is no consensus on who built the numerous stone structures that dot the archaeological landscape in the northeastern United States. Professional archaeologists traditionally have attributed them to colonial farmers, but increasing numbers of archaeologists have joined many nonprofessional groups and Native Americans in arguing for Indigenous origins. Better understanding of these structures can be obtained by determining how old they are. This article reviews nearly 60 luminescence ages, on both sediments and rocks, that have been obtained in recent years. Many of the derived ages fall in the sixteenth century, between initial European contact and substantial colonial settlement. A few ages are significantly older, suggesting that this technology has a deeper origin. The results warrant more research into these structures and rethinking their significance.
Towards Non-Animal Testing in European Regulatory Toxicology: An Introduction to the REACH Framework and Challenges in Implementing the 3Rs
Authors: Stoykova Katerina
Published: February 2025

The European Union’s REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) Regulation aims to ensure high levels of human health and environmental protection, while also promoting alternatives to animal testing. REACH permits animal testing as a last resort only and imposes the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal testing). Nevertheless, the current regulatory practices still heavily rely on animal-based methods. This study underscores the scientific limitations of animal models and highlights the ethical and methodological burdens associated with their use. It synthesises the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) into regulatory toxicity testing under REACH, as highlighted by various scientific experts. Key challenges identified include contradictory and inadequate legislative frameworks, slow and restrictive validation processes, low acceptance of NAMs by regulatory authorities, and legislative amendments expected to increase animal testing. To create a more flexible regulatory environment and advance the adoption of NAMs, there is a need for legislative reforms and increased collaboration between academia, industry and regulatory bodies. In this context, it is also necessary that more legal scholars begin to show interest in this field to help tackle the multidisciplinary challenges to non-animal testing for regulatory purposes. This article provides an introduction to the field of regulatory toxicology with a focus on the REACH framework from a legal perspective.
Beyond the Neuter Universal: Hegel and Sexual Difference
Authors: Sares James
Published: February 2025

Hegel is a complicated figure for considering the philosophical significance of sexual difference. On the one hand, he grants an essential place for sexual difference in his analyses of nature and spirit. On the other hand, he treats the telos of sexual difference as a kind of sexual indifferentiation. For Hegel, both life and spirit depend on sexual difference but as something to be sublated, that is, preserved but only in so far as it is negated for a higher truth or purpose devoid of it. This essay examines this sublation of sexual difference in what Hegel characterizes as the ‘universality’ of the living genus and the ‘universality’ of the rational activity of civil society. I argue that Hegel’s conception of this sublation of difference into universality relies in both instances on a teleological reduction of the ontological significance of sexual difference to reproduction and a contestable interpretation of the roles of male and female sexes in it. However, I claim that Hegel’s account of the relational identity of the sexes, each as not-all of the genus given the other, is a fundamental insight for an ontological analysis of sexual difference. As such, I open a critical reappropriation of Hegel's account of sexual difference for a more difference-affirming, non-hierarchal sexual ontology. I argue that overcoming the hierarchal implications of this Hegelian account of sexual difference requires rethinking the natural and rational universal, which amounts to rethinking what Hegelianism might mean today.
EPIMORPHISMS AND ACYCLIC TYPES IN UNIVALENT FOUNDATIONS
Authors: BUCHHOLTZ ULRIK , DE JONG TOM , RIJKE EGBERT
Published: February 2025

We characterize the epimorphisms in homotopy type theory (HoTT) as the fiberwise acyclic maps and develop a type-theoretic treatment of acyclic maps and types in the context of synthetic homotopy theory as developed in univalent foundations. We present examples and applications in group theory, such as the acyclicity of the Higman group, through the identification of groups with 0-connected, pointed 1-types. Many of our results are formalized as part of the agda-unimath library.
Le rôle des enjeux dans une élection municipale : Le cas de la Ville de Québec
Authors: Lévesque Félix , Carrier-Tremblay Simon , Desrosiers Thomas , Laau-Trépanier Ruthbec , Gagnon Philippe , Morissette Christina , Bodet Marc André
Published: February 2025

Les élections municipales de 2021 à la Ville de Québec ont été marquées par une forte compétition entre cinq candidats et une saillance des enjeux concernant la construction d'un tramway et d'un troisième lien autoroutier entre Québec et sa Rive-Sud. Ainsi, cette élection représente un contexte idéal pour étudier le comportement électoral au niveau local et plus spécifiquement le vote sur enjeu qui a été très peu étudié dans le contexte municipal. Nous soutenons que ces deux enjeux ont acquis une valeur symbolique et ont été exploités comme enjeu de brèche par le candidat à la mairie Jean-François Gosselin. À l'aide d'une analyse multivariée, nous testons la relation entre l'appui aux deux projets de transport et l'intention de vote. Nos résultats montrent que les attitudes des électeurs envers ces deux enjeux sont fortement corrélées avec leur choix de vote et suggèrent une continuité entre le comportement électoral municipal, provincial et fédéral, du moins lorsqu'il est question de vote sur les enjeux.
Black Power, French Existentialism, and the Expansion of Cultural Democracy in the United States after 1945
Authors: GERMAIN ROSIE
Published: February 2025

Black Power and existentialism were mutually reinforcing movements in the late 1960s. Stokely Carmichael used French existentialism to shape some Black Power principles, which demonstrated existentialism's continued relevance to racial equality. Existentialism reinforced values, such as moral purpose and self-definition, which supported positive appraisals of Black Power revolt on campuses. Carmichael's adoption of French existentialism illuminates transnational influences on Black Power dating to the 1940s, as well as how important French existentialist texts amplified Black perspectives. The meeting of French existentialism and Black Power assisted increased representation of Black perspectives on campuses, and popular awareness that representation was as important as desegregation to equality.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and colorectal cancer risk: a large case control study in the Moroccan population
Authors: El Kinany Khaoula , Hatime Zineb , El Asri Achraf , Benslimane Abdelilah , Mint Sidi Deoula Meimouna , Zarrouq Btissame , Lagiou Pagona , El Rhazi Karima
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern associated with several health benefits, including reduction of risk for various cancers. We conducted a study to investigate associations between adherence to the MD and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype risk among Moroccan adults.

Design:

A matched case–control study.

Setting:

The five major university hospitals in Morocco.

Participants:

A total of 3032 subjects (1516 CRC patients and 1516 controls) matched on age, sex and centre were recruited between September 2009 and February 2017 at five major hospitals in Morocco. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. Adherence to the MD was assessed through a score, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 10 (maximal adherence) and divided into three categories (low, middle and high). Conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate multivariable OR and 95 % CI with low adherence (score 0–3) as referent, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results:

Close adherence to the MD (score 6–9) was associated with reduced risk of CRC (ORa = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.63, 0.86), rectal cancer (ORa = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.58, 0.90) and colon cancer (ORa = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.60, 0.92).

Conclusion:

Our study, conducted in a southern Mediterranean population, adds to the evidence suggesting a protective effect of MD against CRC risk.
Improving Typhoon Predictions by Integrating Data‐Driven Machine Learning Model With Physics Model Based on the Spectral Nudging and Data Assimilation
Authors: Niu Zeyi , Huang Wei , Zhang Lei , Deng Lin , Wang Haibo , Yang Yuhua , Wang Dongliang , Li Hong
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of data‐driven machine learning (ML) models has improved typhoon track forecasts, but challenges remain, such as underestimating typhoon intensity and lacking interpretability. This study introduces an ML‐driven hybrid typhoon model, where Pangu forecasts constrain the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using spectral nudging. The results indicate that track forecasts from the WRF simulation nudged by Pangu forecasts significantly outperform those from the WRF simulation using the NCEP GFS initial field and those from the ECMWF IFS for Typhoon Doksuri (2023). Besides, the typhoon intensity forecasts from Pangu‐nudging are notably stronger than those from the ECMWF IFS, demonstrating that the hybrid model effectively leverages the strengths of both ML and physical models. Furthermore, this study is the first to explore the significance of data assimilation in ML‐driven hybrid typhoon model. The findings reveal that after assimilating water vapor channels from the FY‐4B AGRI, the errors in typhoon intensity forecasts are significantly reduced.
Corotation‐Bounce Resonance of Ions in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Sarkango Y. , Szalay J. R. , Damiano P. A. , Sulaiman A. H. , Delamere P. A. , Saur J. , McComas D. J. , Ebert R. W. , Allegrini F.
Published: February 2025

Banded energy distributions of H+, O++, S+++, and O+ or S++ ions between 100 eV and ∼20 keV are consistently observed in Jupiter's magnetosphere mapping to M‐shells between M = 10–20. The bands correspond to flux enhancements at similar speeds for different ion species, providing the first evidence of simultaneous bounce‐resonant acceleration of multiple ion species in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Ion enhancements occur for energies at which the bounce frequencies of the trapped ions matched integer harmonics of the System‐III corotation frequency. The observations highlight a previously unknown interaction between corotation and bounce motion of <10 keV energy ions that is a fundamental and persistent process occurring in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Ion‐Scale Characteristics of the Martian Magnetic Pile‐Up Boundary Layer
Authors: Li Shibang , Wang Siqi , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Wu Xiaoshu , Ge Yasong , Wild James A. , Dong Chuanfei , Chen Nihan , Song Yihui , Wang Jianxuan , Cao Yuchen , Zhao Jianing
Published: February 2025

The Martian magnetic pile‐up boundary (MPB) delineates the interface between the magnetosheath and the induced magnetosphere, but its global ion‐scale characteristics remaining unclear. Utilizing a three‐dimensional Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, this study aims to reveal the features of the MPB layer, including magnetic field, current density, electric fields, and energy transfer between the fields and solar wind as well as planetary ions. Simulation results indicate that magnetic fields tend to pile‐up, drape, bend, and slip at the MPB, leading to the emergence of associated currents () from the nightside electric pole and its flow toward the dayside electric pole along the MPB. Furthermore, energy transfer analysis demonstrates that the solar wind transfers its energy to planetary ions through the motional electric field while simultaneously acquiring some energy from the Hall and ambipolar electric fields at the MPB, resulting in an asymmetrical flow of solar wind and planetary ions.
Impact of Diagenesis on Biogenic Silica‐ Structural, Chemical, and Isotope Proxies
Authors: Stamm Franziska M. , Pickering Rebecca A. , Frings Patrick J. , Frick Daniel A. , Richoz Sylvain , Conley Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

The silicon isotope composition (δ30Si) of biogenic silica is often used as an archive of past environmental conditions. For example, sponge spicule δ30Si is known to be related to seawater‐dissolved Si concentrations. Such a proxy application requires that the δ30Si is not diagenetically altered—or at least that any alteration can be identified and accounted for. Yet the preservation of pristine isotope signals during (early) diagenesis is challenged by observations of structural changes to the amorphous silica (opal‐A) of biogenic silica toward a more stable amorphous silica phase (opal‐CT). This transformation is known to be associated with a resetting of oxygen isotope (δ18O) values but with unclear implications for the preservation of other geochemical signatures. This was investigated using modern and Cretaceous siliceous sponge spicules. Modern spicules collected from different ocean basins were uniformly transparent opal‐A, whereas Cretaceous spicules exhibited two preservation states: visually similar to modern or clearly altered toward a milky, translucent composition. A comparison of δ30Si and δ18O values of spicules from both categories within single samples reveals the milky, translucent individuals are offset from the transparent individuals and thus presumably unsuitable for palaeoenvironmental applications. A suite of geochemical and structural analyses (XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FT‐IR spectroscopy) demonstrate that even visually clear Cretaceous spicules are subtly different from their modern counterparts, implying caution is required when interpreting δ30Si values or other geochemical proxies in ancient biogenic silica.
Estimating Soil‐Water Characteristic Curve From the Particle Size Distribution With a Novel Granular Packing Model
Authors: Wang Chong , Wu Yumo , Xie Liang , Yang Zhijie , Tian Jiaqi , Yu Fan , Ren Junping , Li Shuangyang
Published: February 2025

An indirect method is nowadays considered as an efficient way to obtain soil‐water characteristic curve (SWCC) in engineering application. However, existing indirect models often oversimplify the soil pore and accumulation structure, which are not consistent with the natural soil. For this purpose, a novel granular packing state is obtained based on the relative compaction determined by porosity. A conceptual SWCC model (WANG24) is then established with particle size distribution (PSD) and the equivalent novel granular packing. 62 soils from 7 soil texture classes in the UNSODA database were used to validate WANG24. When comparing with the Mohammadi and Vanclooster (MV11), Arya and Heitman (AH15), and Arya and Paris (AP81) models, WANG24 shows its highest accuracy with lowest average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0243 (g·g−1). The capillary and adsorption on SWCC are also analyzed. The absolute errors between the soil water content predicted by equivalent novel granular packing and measured data are smaller than those of other packing states, mostly in the range of 0–0.015 (g·g−1). The soil packing states tend to be closer as the particle size decreases. In addition, the effect of initial void ratio to soil water content and matric head is explained. The model can reasonably describe the complexity of soil accumulation structure and improve prediction accuracy. It can provide a basis and reference for the subsequent hydraulic characterization of unsaturated soils.
Neoadjuvant apatinib addition to sintilimab and carboplatin-taxane based chemotherapy in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer: the phase 2 NeoSAC trial
Authors: Shen Guoshuang , Liu Zhilin , Wang Miaozhou , Zhao Yi , Liu Xinlan , Hou Yujin , Ma Wenbiao , Han Jingqi , Zhou Xiaofeng , Ren Dengfeng , Zhao Fuxing , Li Zitao , Huang Shifen , Chen Yongzhi , He Yingjian , Liu Yan , Zhu Zijun , Li Yongxin , Li Jinming , Da Mengting , Mo Hongnan , Du Feng , Cui Liang , Bai Jing , Liu Zhen , Ma Fei , Zhao Jiuda
Published: February 2025

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding apatinib, to sintilimab and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the phase 2 NeoSAC trial, patients with early TNBC received six cycles of apatinib, sintilimab, nab-paclitaxel, and carboplatin followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Specimens collected pre-neoadjuvant therapy and post-surgery were retained for comprehensive analysis of predictive biomarkers and the impact on the tumor microenvironment. Among 34 enrolled patients, 24 achieved pCR (70.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 53.0-85.3), and 79.4% (95% CI, 65.1-93.7) had residual cancer burden 0-I. Imaging evaluation showed 21 complete responses (61.8%) and 13 partial responses (38.2%). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were leukopenia (47%), neutropenia (36%), and thrombocytopenia (24%). The 36-month disease-free survival rate stood at 94.1% with a median follow-up of 39.1 months. Notably, baseline high ImmuneScore, immune cell infiltration, and enrichment of interferon-related pathways correlated with pCR. Comparison of pre-neoadjuvant and post-surgery data revealed that the pCR group treated with this novel regimen exhibited an upregulation of distinct immune cell subsets, thereby activating the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, higher oxeiptosis scores were associated with an increased likelihood of achieving pCR. Following neoadjuvant therapy, the pCR group showed a decrease in oxeiptosis score, whereas the non-pCR group exhibited an increase. Our study suggests that apatinib, sintilimab combined with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy showed a promising clinical activity and manageable safety profile in early TNBC and merits further study. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04722718.
Blimp-1 orchestrates macrophage polarization and metabolic homeostasis via purine biosynthesis in sepsis
Authors: Peng Wenjuan , Qin Qiushi , Li Rui , Liu Yujia , Li Lan , Zhang Yue , Zhu Liuluan
Published: February 2025

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. Macrophage polarization plays a critical role in pathogenesis of sepsis, and the influence of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) on this polarization is an underexplored yet pivotal aspect. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Blimp-1 in macrophage polarization and metabolism during sepsis. Using a murine cecal ligation and puncture model, we observed elevated Blimp-1 expression in M2 macrophages. Knockdown of Blimp-1 by macrophage-targeted adeno-associated virus in this model resulted in decreased survival rates, exacerbated tissue damage, and impaired M2 polarization, underscoring its protective role in sepsis. In vitro studies with bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM), RAW264.7, and THP-1 cells further demonstrated Blimp-1 promotes M2 polarization and modulates key metabolic pathways. Metabolomics and dual-luciferase assays revealed Blimp-1 significantly influences purine biosynthesis and the downstream Ornithine cycle, which are essential for M2 macrophage polarization. In vitro studies with BMDM further suggested that the purine biosynthesis and Ornithine cycle metabolic regulation is involved in Blimp-1’s effects on M2 macrophage polarization, and mediates Blimp-1’s impact on septic mice. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism by which Blimp-1 modulates macrophage polarization through metabolic regulation, presenting potential therapeutic targets for sepsis. This study highlights the significance of Blimp-1 in orchestrating macrophage responses and metabolic adaptations in sepsis, offering valuable insights into its role as a critical regulator of immune and metabolic homeostasis.
Parameterized resetting model captures dose-dependent entrainment of the mouse circadian clock
Authors: Masuda Kosaku , Yoshimoto Ryusuke , Li Ruoshi , Sakurai Takeshi , Hirano Arisa
Published: February 2025

The phase response curve (PRC) represents the time-dependent changes in circadian rhythm phase following internal or external stimuli. However, this time dependence complicates PRC measurement and quantification owing to its variable shape with changing stimulus intensity. Our previous work demonstrated that resetting a desynchronized circadian clock (singularity response, SR) simplifies the analysis by requiring only amplitude and phase parameters. In this study, we construct a comprehensive model for phase resetting in the mouse circadian clock by converting PRCs into SR parameters. We analyze single-cell PRCs and show that the SR amplitude parameters for different stimulus concentrations follow the Hill equation. Additionally, the model predicts the combined effects of multiple stimuli and pre-treatment (background) on phase response by simple addition or subtraction of individual SR parameters. Experimental validation using SR measurements in mouse cells and tissues confirms the model’s accuracy. This study demonstrates that SRs facilitate PRC quantification and reveal simple rules governing phase resetting properties under various conditions using SR parameters.