bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The therapeutic potential of etoricoxib in clinical practice
Authors: Karateev A. E.
Published: March 2020

Etoricoxib is one of the most popular representatives of a group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is widely used in Russia and other countries of the world. It is a highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor that has a rapid and pronounced analgesic effect, a high antiinflammatory potential, and an ability to affect the development of central sensitization, one of the central mechanisms for chronic pain. The therapeutic potential and safety of etoricoxib have been extensively tested in numerous large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It has proven to be an effective agent for relief of acute pain (including that in dental practice) and acute gouty arthritis, for long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and osteoarthritis (OA). A meta-analysis of a series of RCTs suggests that etoricoxib may be a more effective analgesic drug for AS and OA than other NSAIDs. Etoricoxib significantly less frequently cause gastrointestinal complications than non-selective NSAIDs. The cardiovascular risk associated with etoricoxib is not higher than that with non-selective NSAIDs such as diclofenac.
Clinical and laboratory relationships in patients with different variants of the course of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lila V. A.
Published: March 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a variability in clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities, which creates objective diagnostic difficulties.

Objective: to investigate clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with definite and probable SLE.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 94 patients, 38 of whom were diagnosed with probable SLE. All the patients underwent immunological examination and unaffected skin biopsies, followed by an immunohistochemical study, the so-called lupus strip test (LST).

Results and discussion. The group of patients with definite SLE showed a direct correlation between positive LST and disease activity (r=0.6), acute skin lesion (r=0.42), and elevated anti-double-stranded DNA antibody concentrations (r=0.37), and their inverse correlation with dry syndrome (r=-0.44). In patients with probable SLE, deposition of immunoreactants in the unaffected skin was detected in almost half of the cases, despite lower disease activity and specific antibody deficiency. Thus, LST that is quite easy to use and interpret its results can be used as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of SLE, especially in its early stages.
Bone mineral density in elderly and senile women with knee and hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Averkieva Yu. V. , Grigorieva I. I. , Raskina T. A.
Published: March 2020

Objective: to study bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly and senile women with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 124 women (mean age, 73.3±8.46 years) diagnosed with OA meeting the ACR diagnostic criteria. Lumbar spine (LI-IV) and femoral neck BMD values were determined; knee and hip X-ray in the frontal projection was carried out to assess the radiographic stage according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification.

Results and discussion. The overall incidence of osteoporosis (OP) and ostopenia in the study cohort was 28 and 41%, respectively. OP was diagnosed in 20% of women aged 60–74 years and in 38% of those aged 75–90 years (p<0.05); osteopenia was in 41 and 42%, respectively (p>0.05). In the age groups of 65–74 years and ≥75 years, women with stage III–IV hip OA had a significantly higher femoral neck BMD than those with Stage I–II (p<0.05). At the same time, the later radiographic stages of hip OA were associated with lower lumbar spine BMD (p<0.05). The patients of both age groups who had Stages III and IV knee OA had a significantly higher lumbar spine BMD than those with Stage I–II OA (p<0.05). The femoral neck BMD in patients with Stages I–II and III–IV knee OA was comparable in both age groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion. The relationship between BMD and OA-related structural changes is contradictory and requires further investigation.
Efficacy of rituximab for glandular Sjö gren's disease according to international clinical trials
Authors: Torgashina A. V.
Published: March 2020

Sjögren's disease (SD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, leading to the development of their destruction and progressive functional failure. The prevalence of SD is about 5%, which makes it one of the most common autoimmune diseases. SD often has a chronic, slowly progressing course.

The paper discusses the results of international clinical trials of the efficiency of anti-B-cell therapy with rituximab (RTM) for glandular SD. It considers the impact of this therapy on various immunological, histological indicators, subjective and objective parameters of glandular function, and disease activity. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the results of open-label clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, as well as predictors for the efficiency of RTM therapy are discussed.

It has been found that RTM used to treat SD effectively reduces B-cell activity, improves the morphological pattern in the salivary glands and some extraglandular manifestations of the disease, and diminishes dryness and weakness. Anti-B-cell drugs have a great potential to treat SD.
Межпоколенческие различия в удовлетворенности жизнью и чувстве счастья в России (на материалах Европейского социального исследования)
Authors: Сибирев Владимир Анатольевич , Головин Николай Александрович
Published: March 2020

Проводится дифференциация опыта социализации в молодости четырех условных поколений, а также разделение эффектов социализации, связанных с принадлежностью к определенной совокупности возрастных групп и факторов исторического периода. Используются наиболее полные по сравнению с другими исследованиями эмпирические данные о показателях счастья и удовлетворенности жизнью в России из Европейского социального исследования — сравнительного межстранового мониторинга. К ним применяются количественные методы регрессионного анализа пространственно-временных выборок. Полученные результаты сопоставляются с итогами исследования субъективного благополучия и счастья, проведенного Лабораторией сравнительных социальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ на основе данных Всемирного мониторинга ценностей; а также с итогами Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ; данными ВЦИОМ и других исследований, что повышает надежность полученных результатов. Поколения Х (кризисная социализация) и Y (вторичная социализация в 2000—2014 гг.), а также предположительно формирующееся поколение Z (молодежь, вторичная социализация которой приходится на политически знаменательный 2014 г. и последующие) взрослеют в разных социальных, экономических и политических условиях, что влияет на различия между ними в показателях счастья и удовлетворенности жизнью. Раскрыта и проиллюстрирована связь состояния счастья как с социально-статусными признаками респондентов (уровень образования, доход, семья), так и с принадлежностью к условному поколению. На фоне более высоких показателей счастья молодежи, чем у старших возрастных групп, ее неудовлетворенность от не вполне реализованных социальных ожиданий возрастает. Обоснован вывод о том, что чувство недовольства в российском обществе будет нарастать.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта Российского научного фонда № 19-18-00246 «Вызовы трансформации социального государства в России: институциональные изменения, социальное инвестирование, цифровизация социальных услуг».
ANXIETY LEVEL AND PARAMETERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ATHLETES OF VARIOUS QUALIFICATIONS
Authors: Turbasova N , Bulygin A , Revnivykh I , Karpov N , Elifanov A
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the study is to establish the level of anxiety and indicators of the cardio-vascular system in athletes of various qualifications. Materials and methods. The study involved 241 athletes aged 14-30 years of various qualifications and sports. To assess personal and situational anxiety, the Spielberger – Khanin state-trait anxiety inventory was used. The obtained indicators of the cardiovascular system were compared with the reference values. Results. For all athletes of various sports, the moderate type of situational and personal anxiety prevailed. Highly skilled athletes distinguished a group of athletes with high situational and personal anxiety. Arterial hypertension in athletes of cyclic sports and martial arts is more physiological in nature. In athletes of speed-strength and reactive-strength sports, myocardial wall is thickened due to fibrotic changes. Conclusion. A different level and type of sports activity affects differently the indicators of the cardiovascular system. It was revealed that the level of anxiety affects the physical preparation of athletes for the competitive period.
DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION FACULTY STUDENTS AT THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Katashinskaya L , Gubanova L , Ermakova E , Kadyseva A , Tsalikova I
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to compare the change in psychophysiological indicators and physical fitness of students majoring in physical education and life safety at the beginning and end of their studies. Materials and methods. The study followed university students through the first year to the fifth year of study, 28 of them are boys, 14 girls. To assess the psychophysiological indicators, the latent period of simple and complex visual motor responses was measured. Physical fitness was measured with the help of strength indicators, endurance, flexibility and the level of development of coordination abilities. Results. At the end of the experiment, the positive dynamics of physical fitness of students was noted. Students were characterized by an average and above average level of physical fitness. At the beginning of the experiment, boys demonstrated a higher level of development of physical qualities than girls, with the exception of flexi­bility and static endurance. At the beginning of the experiment, girls were below the average level of development of coordination abilities (Romberg test) and strength index. At the end of the experiment, the level of strength among students was above the average and high. The development of endurance, flexibility, and dexterity increased significantly. At the end of the experiment, the indicators of SVMR and CVMR among the PE faculty students decreased significantly, which indicated the optimization of activation of the central nervous system. Conclusion. The results obtained during monitoring confirm the effectiveness of educational programs at the physical education faculty, which resulted in the positive dynamics of the psychophysiological characteristics and physical fitness of graduates.
THE EFFECT OF ERGOTHERAPY ON FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF UPPER EXTREMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC DISEASE OF THE CERVICAL SPINAL CORD IN THE LATE REHABILITATION PERIOD
Authors: Eraskin D , Nalobina A , Alekseeva S , Fedorova E , Bobkova S
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the effect of physical rehabilitation on the correction of motor disorders in individuals with traumatic disease (TD) of the cervical portion (C6-C7) of the spine in the late rehabilitation period and experimentally substantiate the features of reco­very in the upper extremities. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 30 patients with TD of the cervical portion (C6-C7) of the spine in the late rehabilitation period (2 to 12 months after injury). To assess motor functions in the examined patients, manual muscle testing and dynamometry were performed for measuring muscle strength. The study of the function of the hand was carried out using an adapted modified test. The Barthel scale and the daily activity questionnaire were used to study the formation of self-service skills. The obtained data were processed with the Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel Professional software. Results. The modified method of physical rehabilitation for people with TD of the cervical portion (C6-C7) of the spine in the interim period is a set of practically tested technologies. These technologies include a comprehensive set of activities and the following methods of kinesitherapy: PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation), Bobath-therapy, Trankviletati method, Feldenkrais method, as well as mechanotherapy with specialized simulators (Dikul). Ergotherapy is a separate element, which is included in rehabilitation of patients with TD of the cervical portion of the spine together with exercise therapy, daily exercises. Conclusion. As a result of the use of a modified method of physical rehabilitation, in patients of the experimental group, the amplitude and muscle strength of the upper extremities significantly increased, the dynamics of the manipulative function of the hand and self-care skills improved in relation to initial values and the control group.
PHYSICAL FATIGUE IN SPORTS
Authors: Kornyakova V , Badtieva V , Balandin M , Ashvits I
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to review domestic and foreign literature sources for obtaining the up-to-date data concerning fatigue and overfatigue in athletes and searching the priority markers for the up-to-date diagnosis of these conditions. Results. Currently there is no unified approach to the notion of “fatigue”. Many foreign researchers have attached importance to differentiating fatigue into: fatigue being the result of exceeding functional abilities, which contributes to supercompensation, and non-functional overfatigue leading to a consistent decrease in work performance. At present, the diagnostic criteria for recognizing these conditions have not been determined. It makes difficult to correct physical loads that may result in possible overtraining. The differential tests for fatigue and overtraining diagnostics have not also been deve­loped. The modern diagnostics of athletes’ functional fitness is based on biochemical, physiological, and psychophysiological methods. The subjective self-assessment performed by an athlete has been considered as of great importance. It is impossible to increase physical activity without fatigue so the further investigations to extend understanding of fatigue formation mechanisms have become extremely urgent. It will help to develop new diagnostic and rehabilitation technologies. Conclusion. The increasing intensity of physical loads in professional sports results in fatigue and overfatigue that reduce training effectiveness. The reliable diagnostic criteria and differential tests for the timely recognition of fatigue, overfatigue and overtraining have not been developed yet.
APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF LOW INTENSITY FOR IMPROVING THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF ATHLETES
Authors: Grabovskaya E , Lyalina T , Tarabrina N
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect on nonspecific adaptive reactions and the blood system of wrestlers. Materials and methods. Athletes of the first category or those having master of sport title with at least a five-year experience aged 18–22 years participated in the study. All participants underwent a course of therapy with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect. The exposure was performed on a daily basis according to the principle ‘one day – one exposure zone’. The course consisted of 10 procedures. Non-specific adaptive reactions of the body, some morphological indicators of red blood, leukogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out. Results. It was revealed that low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect improved and stabilized the blood system and nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body. Conclusion. The course treatment with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect contributes to the redistribution of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body with an increase in training reactions, calm and increased activation. An increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, a slight decrease in hematocrit, a change in the composition of leukogram, and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were registered.
Proteasomal-Mediated Degradation of AKAP150 Accompanies AMPAR Endocytosis during cLTD
Authors: Cheng Wenwen , Siedlecki-Wullich Dolores , Català-Solsona Judit , Fábregas Cristina , Fadó Rut , Casals Núria , Solé Montse , Unzeta Mercedes , Saura Carlos A. , Rodríguez-Alvarez José , Miñano-Molina Alfredo J.
Published: March 2020

The number and function of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) tightly regulates excitatory synaptic transmission. Current evidence suggests that AMPARs are inserted into the postsynaptic membrane during long-term potentiation (LTP) and are removed from the membrane during long-term depression (LTD). Dephosphorylation of GluA1 at Ser-845 and enhanced endocytosis are critical events in the modulation of LTD. Moreover, changes in scaffold proteins from the postsynaptic density (PSD) could be also related to AMPAR regulation in LTD. In the present study we analyzed the effect of chemical LTD (cLTD) on A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)150 and AMPARs levels in mouse-cultured neurons. We show that cLTD induces AKAP150 protein degradation via proteasome, coinciding with GluA1 dephosphorylation at Ser-845 and endocytosis of GluA1-containing AMPARs. Pharmacological inhibition of proteasome activity, but not phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), reverted cLTD-induced AKAP150 protein degradation. Importantly, AKAP150 silencing induced dephosphorylation of GluA1 Ser-845 and GluA1-AMPARs endocytosis while AKAP150 overexpression blocked cLTD-mediated GluA1-AMPARs endocytosis. Our results provide direct evidence that cLTD-induced AKAP150 degradation by the proteasome contributes to synaptic AMPARs endocytosis.
Policing and Racial (In)Justice in the Media: Newspaper Portrayals of the “Black Lives Matter” Movement
Authors: Umamaheswar Janani
Published: March 2020

The “Black Lives Matter” movement, centered on fighting racial injustice and inequality (particularly in the criminal justice system), has garnered a great deal of media attention in recent years. Given the relatively recent emergence of the movement, there exists very little scholarly research on media portrayals of the movement. In this article, I report findings from a qualitative examination of major newspaper portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement between April and August 2016, before the particularly divisive 2016 presidential election. Inductive textual analyses of 131 newspaper articles indicate that, although the movement’s goals were represented positively and from the perspective of members of the movement, the newspapers politicized and sensationalized the movement, and they focused far more on supposed negative consequences of the movement. I discuss these findings by drawing on the “protest paradigm” and the “public nuisance paradigm” in media coverage of social protest movements, arguing that the latter is particularly useful for interpreting portrayals of Black Lives Matter in the prevailing US political climate.
Regulation of docetaxel chemosensitivity by NR2F6 in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Juliang , Meng Huimin , Zhang Mingkun , Zhang Cun , Huang Meiling , Yan Changjiao , Wang Zhe , Hou Lan , Yang Liu , Ling Rui
Published: March 2020

Docetaxel (DTX)-based chemotherapy significantly eliminates rest cancerous cells and decreases the risk of death, thus remaining the mainstay of treatment for operable breast cancer (BCa). However, resistance or incomplete response to DTX occurs frequently, resulting in disease recurrence and poor prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify and understand the key factors and corresponding molecular bases driving this complicated pathogenesis. Herein, both data mining and profiling analysis using clinical BCa biopsies showed that expression levels of the nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6), a recently characterized central transcription factor for cancer immune surveillance, were significantly downregulated in DTX-resistant BCa. This downregulation, possibly regulated by leptin signaling, predicted a poor postoperative chemotherapy survival in DTX-resistant BCa. In both genetically engineered cell models and patient-derived xenograft models, we provided evidence that BCa cells with insufficient NR2F6 expression were less responsive to DTX treatment. Mechanistically, NR2F6 functioned as a potent corepressor of platelet-derived growth factor B receptor gene (PDGFRB) transcription by recruiting HDAC2 onto the PDGFRB promoter. Stable PDGFRB inhibition ameliorated NR2F6 deficiency-impaired response to DTX in BCa cells, indicating that NR2F6’s effect on DTX response is mediated, at least in part, through transcriptional repression of PDGFRB. Collectively, our findings define NR2F6 as an negative regulator of cell survival and DTX resistance, probably by serving as a convergent point linking leptin signaling and PDGF-B/PDGFRβ axis, in BCa cells.
Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos humanos: 20 years
Authors: Cerdas Agüero Evelyn
Published: March 2020

The objective of this article is to review 20 years of history of the Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos from its beginnings as DEHUIDELA in 2009.  This is achieved through a descriptive analysis based on information gathered from the reports presented annually to IDELA, from each published journal number and its website.  The article proposes that this publication is born as an effort of the Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos (Institute of Latin American Studies) (IDELA) to support the Human Rights Program, as well as an opportunity to develop various themes that will stimulate the students of the Institute in their research topics.  Starting with a new effort in 2009, the journal takes a step to become an indexed scientific publication whose main focus is the publication of works related to human rights as perceived from various disciplines and approaches.  It is concluded that the work input over the years has made the Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos a quality print and electronic publication that contributes to the dissemination of knowledge of human rights in Latin America from within the public university.
Is Bankruptcy Risk a Systematic Risk? Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Chhapra Imran Umer , Zehra Iffat , Kashif Muhammmad , Rehan Raja
Published: March 2020

This study empirically investigates the relationship between default risk and cross-section of stock returns in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Stock price data from all listed and delisted companies use to calculate monthly returns from 2001-2016. Ohlson's O-score is employed to measure exposure of firm to systematic deviation within bankruptcy risk. Besides, asset-pricing models like the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Fama French (FF) models are employed. Portfolios are sorted in deciles by default probability. This result finds that stocks of firms significantly exposed to not diversified Default Risk yield higher returns. Besides that, the FF models explain cross-sectional stock returns since factors incorporate information on financial distress and default. After that, the book-to-market equity factor is not significant in elucidating returns of distressed firms because of market inefficiency. Results have practical implications for portfolio managers and investors of an emerging economy in developing diversified portfolios during periods of uncertainty and market volatility.JEL Classifications: G12, G15, G33How to Cite:Chhapra, I. U., Zehra, I., Kashif, M., & Rehan, R. (2020). Is Bankruptcy Risk a Systematic Risk? Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 51 – 62. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.11248.
Financial Development and Economic Sustainability in ECOWAS Countries: the Role of Institutional Quality
Authors: Li Fanglin , Appiah Michael , Korankye Benjamin
Published: March 2020

The literature explored the relationship between financial development and economic sustainability, taking into consideration the roles played by institutional quality in the ECOWAS region. Most literature still debates on the roles of institutional quality on economic growth. The study used data from 1996-2017 for 15 emerging economies within the ECOWAS by applying two-step SYS GMM (SGMM) estimators.  The study discovered that financial development has no significant and positive alliance on economic sustainability in the ECOWAS region. Besides that, regulatory quality and control of corruption, considered institutional quality variables have conflicting results with control of corruption reducing growth as well as regulatory quality increasing growth. Again, the results came out that capital formation has a positive association with growth and labor force influencing negatively on growth.  Finally, due to a lack of proper corruption control systems in the region and poor financial sector development, growth cannot improve.JEL Classification: O11, O43, C23How to Cite:Li, F., Appiah, M., & Korankye, B. (2020). Financial Development and Economic Sustainability in ECOWAS Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 41 – 50. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.13709.
Competitive Strategy Analysis to Increase Consumer Purchasing Decisions on Minimarket Business
Authors: Soegoto Agus Supandi , Karamoy Herman
Published: March 2020

The growth of the minimarket business in Indonesia is high-speed and exciting. As a result, the competition is very tight. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality, price discounts, and servicescape on a consumer purchasing decision. This research uses associative descriptive methods and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The research sample is to minimarket consumers in the cities of Manado, Tomohon, and Bitung. These results indicate that for consumers, the three variables are the main elements considered when shopping at the minimarket. The right management strategy will improve consumers' decision to buy products, thereby increasing profits and maintaining business sustainability. Management should always have attention to product quality by combining the right price discounts and servicescape to increase purchases, high profits, and superiority in competition.JEL Classification: M21, M31How to Cite:Soegoto, A. S., & Karamoy, H. (2020). Competitive Strategy Analysis to Increase Consumer Purchasing Decisions on Minimarket Business. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 119 – 130. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.14337.
“Multi-Speed Europe”: Issues of the Evolution of Geocultural Integration
Authors: Markov Grigory V. , Salikhov Boris V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The rhetoric of the leaders of the countries of the European Un ion shows large-scale contradictions on key issues as well as the “geocultural” incompatibility of views. The objective of the study is to prove the need for a dichotomous division of the European Union into “West” and “East”, the conceptual application of the idea of “multi-speed Europe” being the theoretical basis for such separation.

Materials and Methods. The method of unity of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the countries of the former socialist bloc and Western European states was used to establish a sufficient evidence base. Empirical and theoretical studies as well as statistical data from international organizations were used as the materials for this study.

Results. In the process of a comprehensive study, an up-to-date geocultural analysis of the comparative characteristics of the countries of the European Union was carried out. On this basis, the effectiveness of the concept of “multi-speed Europe” as a way of formalizing the existing differences within the European Union has been proved. An assessment of the consequences of the regionalization of Europe, optimistic for Russia, has been given. The actual application of this concept will improve the socio-economic ties between Russia and Western Europe.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study has revealed the controversy and ineffectiveness of the existence of a united Europe. A comprehensive study of the concept of “multi-speed Europe” will make it possible to predict the further development of the European Union and evaluate the role of Russia in modern Europe. The results may be used by scientists and politicians to analyze the consequences of the enlargement of the European Union.
Migration in Modern Russia: Scope, Main Directions and Problems
Authors: Pruel Nikolai A. , Lipatova Lyudmila N. , Gradusova Valentina N.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. In recent years, many European countries faced with a significant influx of migrants have experienced economic and social problems. Although redistribution of population is an objective process, both personal and social difficulties can be associated with territorial mobility of people. Therefore, it is important to foresee the possible negative consequences of mass migration. The purpose of this piece of research is to analyze migration flows in modern Russia and identify possible threats to economic security and social stability associated with migration.

Materials and Methods. The study employed the data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as papers by scientists involved in the study of the problem considered. The systematic approach and the methods of the demographic analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, generalization and interpretation of the results were adopted.

Results. Based on official statistics and expert estimates, an analysis of the situation in the field of migration in Russia has been carried out, the main directions of population redistribution have been identified, and the need for adjusting the socio-economic policy in the regions experiencing significant migration turnover has been substantiated. A set of measures aimed at reducing the emigration of young people from Russian regions has been proposed.

Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions have been drawn about the possible increase in the negative impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole as well as that of individual regions in particular. This requires detailed study of migration processes in order to take measures to optimize migration flows and adjust socio-economic policies. The results of the study can be used by the authorities when planning and adjusting socio-economic development programs.
Sociological Analysis of Migration Attitudes of Rural School Graduates
Authors: Vyalshina Anna A. , Dakirova Svetlana T.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of migration attitudes of rural school graduates in the Saratov Region and reveals the factors shaping such attitudes. A study into the migration intentions of rural youth and the differences in the prerequisites for their formation, as well as into the personal characteristics of young villagers with different migration attitudes will contribute to the development of effective mechanisms to prevent negative trends.

Materials and Methods. The study based on the results of the applied sociological study “Parents and Children in Rural Families” conducted by the Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2017. Graduates of the 11th grade of rural schools in the Saratov Region were the object of the study. Questionnaire survey was the main research method employed. The results were interpreted using the SPSS 17.0 application software package.

Results. Migration intentions of the rural school graduates planning to leave for work in Moscow are due to high educational achievements and orientations for higher education, as well as to a set of values associated with achieving stability and success through self-fulfillment and finding an interesting job. Young villagers planning to move to the city for permanent residence seek to improve their social status through education, profession, finding a suitable job and settling in the urban environment. The motives of the young people planning to return to the village are associated with their desire to live in a familiar environment and a like-minded milieu, and to improve their social status through acquisition of power and its attendant attributes in their home village after receiving education.

Discussion and Conclusion. As a result, a conclusion can be draw n that it is necessary to adopt a differentiated approach to the development of tools for improvement of the demographic situation in the rural areas of a region, depending on the needs and interests of young people with different migration intentions. The results of the study also make it possible to better understand the current trends in the change of the causes of social mobility of rural youth.
Surface Morphing of Geometrically Patterned Active Skins
Authors: Park Yujin , Loh Kenneth J.
Published: March 2020

Nature is ripe with biological organisms that can interact with its surroundings to continuously morph their surface texture. Many attempts have been made to optimize artificial surfaces depending on operational needs; however, most of these architected materials only focus on enhancing a specific material property or functionality. This study introduces a new class of instability-induced morphable structures, herein referred to as “Active Skins”, which enables on-demand, reversible, surface morphing through buckling-induced feature deployment. By taking advantage of a preconceived auxetic unit cell geometrical design, mechanical instabilities were introduced to facilitate rapid out-of-plane deformations when in-plane strains are applied. Here, these notches were introduced at judiciously chosen locations in an array of unit cells to elicit unique patterns of out-of-plane deformations to pave way for controlling bulk Active Skin behavior. These purposefully designed imperfections were employed for selectively actuating them for applications ranging from camouflage to surface morphing to soft robotic grippers.
Health Professions' Educators' Adaptation to Rapidly Changing Circumstances: The Ottawa 2020 Conference Experience
Authors: McKimm Judy , Gibbs Trevor , Bishop Jo , Jones Paul
Published: March 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Most health professions' educators (HPEs) are used to responding to change, whether these are longer term organisational changes or short term crises, e.g. staff or student sickness or technical systems' failures. Most of these changes, whilst they can be frustrating, typically have fairly straightforward and routine solutions. Other wider, environmental changes are also starting to affect educators, learners and the complex education and healthcare systems in which they operate, and these will have great impact in the relatively near future. However, it is the current crisis stemming from the global transmission of the coronavirus COVID-19 which has most recently impacted on HPE on a global scale. Whilst many of us are very used to working virtually and using social media and other activities to work collaboratively, we still tend to rely on regular meetings with friends and colleagues (old and new) around the world at conferences and meetings. Similarly, most universities rely primarily on face to face teaching to provide their programmes, particularly in the early years. The COVID-19 pandemic has put all that into sharp relief, and many of us are having to make quick and sometimes reactive adaptations to our best-laid plans. In this article, we discuss some of our experiences from the recent Ottawa2020 conference held in Kuala Lumpur from 1-5 March 2020, identifying some of the lessons learned that educators around the world will need to keep in mind as we move into what is currently unchartered territory. The learning lessons from our experience are that safety is paramount, communication and transparency is key; flexibility is needed from all stakeholders; technologies can help, but be realistic; acknowledge the need for psychological adaptation to change and crisis and tap into the wisdom and collegiality of the community. This paper specifically refers to Covid-19 but the learning lessons are applicable to other major challenges and the ideas described transferable to other situations.
Mechanisms and predictors of ischemic mitral regurgitation at rest and on exertion in patients at early stage of myocardial infarction
Authors: Adamyan K. G. , Chilingaryan A. L. , Mkrtchyan N. G. , Tunyan L. G.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Determination of the mechanisms and predictors of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) at rest and on exertion in patients at early stage of myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods. Seventy-seven patients with inferoposterior MI and 79 patients with anteroseptal apical MI were examined on the 7th day at rest and after exertion. We determined the degree of IMR (according to the PISA method), posteromedial and anterolateral papillary muscle (PM) displacement, closure height of the mitral valve (MV), systolic and diastolic mitral valve orifice area, volume of the left ventricle (LV), LV contractility index, deformation of the infarction regions, general LV deformation, deformation and systolic dyssinchrony of the PM.

Results. IMR was more common in inferior MI (42% vs 28%). LV volumes in cases with anteroseptal apical MI and IMR were greater and LV deformation was less than in patients without IMR. In inferoposterior MI and IMR, differences were observed in the index of local contractility and function of the posteromedial PM. The differences in MI of both localizations and IMR compared with MI without IMR were the areas of the mitral orifice and dyssinchrony of the PM. The degree of IMR after exertion did not depend on the degree of IMR at rest. Predictors of IMR at rest in MI of both localizations were the apical displacement of MV closure and the area of the mitral orifice. In inferoposterior, posteromedial PM displacement, deformation of the infarcted areas, PM dyssinchrony were also predictors. In anteroseptal apical MI, the area of the mitral orifice was the predictor of IMR. Predictors of anteroseptal apical MI after physical exertion after inferior MI were mitral orifice areas, contractility index, displacement and deformation of the posteromedial PM. In anteroseptal apical MI, the IMR predictors were MV closure height and systolic area of mitral orifice.

Conclusion. The study confirms the significance of changing the spatial orientation of the MV structures in MI of both localizations, impaired regional contractility in inferoposterior MI and LV volume in anteroseptal apical MI at early stage of the disease.
Assessment of the effectiveness of treatment in patients after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Shvets D. A. , Povetkin S. V. , Karasev A. Yu. , Vishnevsky V. I.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of secondary drug prevention and surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during long-term follow-up after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods. The study involved 400 patients with ACS discharged from the hospital in 2012-2016. The diagnosis was verified according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. There were no exclusion criteria. We analyzed the data of medical records (complaints, medical history, physical examination, laboratory and instrumental data). Repeated data collection was carried out by distance survey and during a face-to-face examination during 2018. According to the clinical course of CAD, all patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 151 patients with complicated course of CAD, group 2 — 249 patients with stable CAD. We analyzed drug therapy recommended at hospital discharge and taken at the time of the repeated examination. The drug names and daily dosage used for the secondary prevention of CAD were recorded. Assessment of survival without cardiovascular complications was carried out according to the Kaplan-Mayer analysis.

Results. Seven-year mortality was 22,5%. The total number of cardiovascular events was 37,7%. The main reason for the frequent complications was the insufficient secondary prevention of CAD after ACS. We found that the drugs and their dosage did not have a significant effect on survival. Statin use is associated with a paradoxical increase in the number of complications. The increased frequency of use and dosage of statins are a consequence of unfavorable course of CAD and do not have the proper preventive effect. For some groups of drugs, we observed irregular intake over the observation period. The low effectiveness of therapy is not only due to insufficient doses, but also in the frequent use of generic drugs. The significant effect of coronary angiography on the probability of cardiovascular complications compared with stenting is due to high proportion of coronary angiography use without revascularization.

Conclusion. The combination of following factors of drug therapy can explain the low effectiveness of secondary CAD prevention: low dose (26,1±2,8 mg for atorvastatin), irregular intake and common use of generic drugs (97,6% for statins), present in different ratios. The contribution of surgical treatment to reducing cardiovascular complications is lower, the more significant residual coronary artery stenosis.
Infective endocarditis with severe brain lesion
Authors: Obrezan A. G. , Ostanina N. G. , Obrezan A. A.
Published: March 2020

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Predictors of myocardial fibrosis and loss of epicardial adipose tissue volume in the long-term period after myocardial infarction
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Pecherina T. B. , Akbasheva O. E. , Borodkina D. A. , Kashtalap V. V. , Karetnikova V. N. , Kokov A. N. , Brel N. K. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Belik E. V. , Uchasova E. G. , Bychkova E. E. , Kuzmina A. A.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To assess the changes of biochemical markers in hospitalization, the relationship with the severity of myocardial fibrosis and the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness one year after myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods. A total of 88 patients (65 men and 23 women) with MI were examined. The percentage of cicatricial changes in the myocardium and the EAT thickness were measured using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one year after MI. In the hospitalization (days 1 and 12) and 1 year after MI, the concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), stimulating growth factor (ST2), interleukin-33 (IL-33) and type I collagen (COL-1). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and ROC analysis, and logistic regression (Statistica 9.0).

Results. One year after MI, cicatricial changes were detected in 68 (77%) patients: 27 people had myocardial fibrosis <5%, 22 patients — 5-15%, and 19 patients >15%. We established that myocardial fibrosis after MI is associated with unfavorable medical history, a complicated course during in-hospital period and higher concentrations of ST2, NT-proBNP, COL-1 compared with patients without myocardial fibrosis. High levels of ST2, NT-proBNP increase the risk of myocardial fibrosis by 1,2 and 1,8 times after hospitalization, respectively. In patients with myocardial fibrosis >15%, IL-33 level was significantly lower in the 1st day of MI. It was found that the EAT thickness increases with fibrosis of 5-15%. An increase in the left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) EAT thickness by 1,33 times and 1,34 times, respectively, increases the risk of myocardial fibrosis (LV EAT thickness, mm (OR 1,33; 95% CI (1,08-1,4), AUC 0,75; RV EAT thickness, mm (OR 1,34; 95% CI (1,15-1,43), AUC 0,79). In patients with myocardial fibrosis >15%, EAT thickness decreases and correlates with NT-proBNP increase in the acute period and a one year after MI.

Conclusion. The development of myocardial fibrosis one year after MI is associated with an increase in ST2, NT-proBNP, COL-1, both in the hospitalization and 1 year after MI. The decrease in IL-33 concentration during hospitalization with MI is accompanied by the development of fibrosis >15% of the myocardium.
In-hospital changes of echocardiographic parameters and their relationship with the procollagen I C-terminal propeptide in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricle systolic function
Authors: Osokina A. V. , Karetnikova V. N. , Polikutina O. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Ryzhenkova S. A. , Artemova T. P. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To study the changes of echocardiographic parameters and their relationship with the procollagen I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) during hospitalization of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function.

Material and methods. A total of 120 (100%) patients hospitalized with STEMI were examined. Upon admission, all patients underwent standard examinations to verify myocardial infarction (MI), including coronary angiography and, if necessary, coronary stent implantation. The mean values of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were 40-49% in 3 patients (2,5%), <40% — in 31 patients (26%), LVEF was. We also analyzed patients with LVEF ≥50%, n=86 (71,6%); mean age was 57,8 years. During the hospitalization, all patients received standard therapy; on the 1st and 12th day of MI, the PICP levels in venous blood serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to compare PICP values, a control group of healthy volunteers n=20 (100%) was formed, which were comparable by gender and age. In this group, the concentration of PICP was 179,2 [163.5; 194.9] ng/ml.

Results. By the 12th day, a significant decrease in the following parameters of the transmitral flow was revealed: DT (p=0,049), dE (0,012), Em (0,029), Em/ Am (p=0,000), Em/PICP (p=0,001). This indicates diastolic function deterioration. At the same time, by the end of hospitalization, systolic function deterioration was recorded in 15,1% of cases. Initially, a higher PICP on the 1st day relative to the control group tended to decrease the concentration by the 12th day, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0,466). Correlation analysis showed a relationship between PICP and echocardiography (Tei index, p=0,026, and mitral annulus velocity, p=0,049).

Conclusion. At the hospital stage of treatment of patients with STEMI and preserved LVEF, a negative changes of echocardiography parameters characterizing diastolic dysfunction was revealed. Positive correlation was established between the concentration of PICP with mitral annulus velocity and the Tei index, indicating an association between the myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.
Evaluation of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve — the physiological foundation and clinical significance of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the examination of patients with chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Mochula A. V. , Maltseva A. N. , Shipulin V. V. , Zavadovsky K. V.
Published: March 2020

Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging plays an important role in examination of patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Positron emission tomography (PET) has the highest diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance due to the ability to assess myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR). These physiological processes provide myocardial oxygen demand, both at rest and stress, as well as maintaining sufficient myocardial circulation during coronary artery constriction. At the same time, the high cost and low availability of assessing MBF and CFR by PET do not allow widespread use of this approach in clinical practice. The use of modern gamma cameras with cadmium zinc telluride detectors can be an alternative to PET. The aim of the review is to present fundamental information about MBF and CFR, as well as about the possibilities of using scintigraphy for determination of these parameters and their clinical significance.