bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Application of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Roshankar Shima , Mohajer Fatemeh , Badiei Alireza
Published: December 2020

Mesoporous silica nanomaterials provide an extraordinary advantage for making new and superior heterogeneous catalysts because of their surface silanol groups. The functionalized mesoporous SBA-15, such as acidic, basic, BrÖnsted, lewis acid, and chiral catalysts, are used for a wide range of organic syntheses. The importance of the chiral ligands, which were immobilized on the SBA-15, was mentioned in this review to achieve chiral products as valuable target molecules. Herein, their synthesis and application in different organic transformations are reviewed from 2016 till date 2020.
Recent Patents, Regulatory Issues, and Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Neuronal Disorders
Authors: Muheem Abdul , Jahangir Mohammed A. , Jaiswal Chandra P. , Jafar Mohammed , Ahmad Mohammad Z. , Ahmad Javed , Warsi Musarrat H.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Form last few decades, nanoparticles have witnessed breakthroughs in the treatment of
neurological disorders due to their unique physiochemical properties, which make them an effective drug delivery
system. However, there is not much information available on the toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders.
The toxic effect of nanoparticles on brain disorders and their regulatory issues are the primary concerns of
the healthcare industry.

Methods:

A strategical literature search was performed on various bibliographic databases such as Scopus,
PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Medline, Google Patent, Derwent Innovation, and Orbit Intelligence for retrieval
of peer-reviewed articles and patents on regulatory issues and toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders
for last decade. The relevant hits of articles and patents were analyzed, and citation search for the relevant
documents was carried out.

Results::

The literature documents have been summarized regarding the existing regulatory issues and toxicity
of nanoparticles on neuronal disorders with a focus on the detailed mechanism of the developmental toxicity of
nanoparticles. The focus of this report is to emphasize the negative effects of nanoparticle on neuronal disorders,
which may partially contribute to the management of toxicity of nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

Although nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties that explain the broad range
of application for the central nervous system, they can also manifest neurotoxic effects due to cell necrosis, generation
of free radicals, immune responses and neuroinflammation. Thus, this review highlights risk assessment,
safety regulations and regulatory guidelines of nanoparticles, which may reduce adverse reactions in humans
and animals.
Medicinal Plants against Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Roy Arpita , Datta Shreeja
Published: December 2020

Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of deaths around the world. Prominent changes,
including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral, in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are observable
during the recovery phase of a stroke. Brain ischemia affects a large portion of patients
across the world with permanent disability or death. During the ischemic stroke onset, apart from
inducing brain damage, existing microglial cells, immune cells, inflammatory factors such as chemokines
and cytokines affect the process of brain repair. For the reduction of this damage, there is a
need to understand the basic mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke and how to repair it with the
help of efficient therapeutic strategies. At present, anti-inflammatory therapeutic measures are the
most potent alternatives for its prevention. Due to the existence of various drawbacks in this therapy,
newer remedial measures are required to overcome this situation. The most economically efficient
treatment option, with lesser side effects, is the utilization of medicinal plants. Worldwide,
plants are utilized for the treatment of various diseases such as bacterial infections, skin disorders,
cancer, asthma, respiratory problems, etc. Various medicinal plants have been administered over a
long period, and they have been proven to cure ischemic strokes. Therefore, in this review, an overview
of various plants and their phytocompounds, which are responsible for the treatment of ischemic
stroke, has been discussed.
Glycolytic Inhibition and Antidiabetic Activity on Synthesized Flavanone Scaffolds with Computer Aided Drug Designing Tools
Authors: Kiruthiga Natarajan , Saravanan Govindaraj , Selvinthanuja Chellappa , Srinivasan Kulandaivel , Sivakumar Thangavel
Published: December 2020

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a challengeable metabolic disorder that leads to a
group of complications when the HbA1c level is not maintained. Most of the existing drugs available
in the market in long-term use may lead to serious adverse effects. Hence, current research
focuses on drug development for the management of diabetes by synthesizing natural mimicking
flavonoid analogues.

Objective:

This study focused on the synthesis of flavanone derivatives imitating natural flavonoid
core and investigated for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, which can help in the development
of drug discovery targeting diabetic management.

Materials and Methods:

The novel 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-chromen-4-ones were synthesized from
1,3-diphenyl-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives and characterized using UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and
mass spectroscopic techniques. Drug target site was determined using graph theoretical analysis and
screened the characterized title compounds for their in-silico studies by analyzing their physiochemical
properties, ADMET studies, and molecular docking analysis. Antidiabetic and free radical
scavenging effects were investigated both by in-vitro (alpha-amylase inhibitory assay) and in-vivo
models. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats were used as in-vivo models.

Results:

The α-amylase inhibitory assay showed flavanones with hydroxyl substitution HFA1-
HFA7 had significant IC50 values. The test compounds (HFA3-HFA7) were investigated for their
antidiabetic activity on STZ induced rats at 40 mg/kg. The blood glucose level and antioxidant
enzymes were significantly restored by title compounds (HFA5, HFA4, and HFA6) with an
electron-donating group such as hydroxyl, methoxy and thiophenyl group on ring B compared to
glibenclamide.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that naturally mimicking synthesized flavanone have antidiabetic
and antioxidant properties, which can aid in the development of drugs towards diabetes management.
In-silico Inhibitory Study of cFos-cJun Complex by T-5224 Based Small Molecule Analogs
Authors: Chavadapur Srushti S. , Biradar Shivaleela , Lamani Babu R.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Inflammatory diseases are one of the major concerns of today’s world;
major disorders caused by inflammation include, allergy, asthma, arthritis, hepatitis, autoimmune
diseases, celiac disease, etc. During most of these events, many proteins and molecules expression
are modulated and one such protein is AP-1 (c-Fos-c-Jun heterodimer complex). AP-1 is a dimeric
protein activated by several physiological stimuli and environmental insults such as growth factors,
polypeptide hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, cell-matrix interactions, UV irradiations, viral
and bacterial infections.

Objective:

Present study is mainly focused on designing small molecule analogs to inhibit the c-
Fos-c-Jun complex, as the complex is involved in many inflammatory diseases and precisely involved
in disease progression. Therefore, it had been considered as a therapeutic target for more
than a decade.

Materials and Methods:

In the present study, an attempt was made to design the analogs of referral
drug T-5224. 31 analogs of T-5224 were designed by chemoinformatics approach and subjected to
ADMETox for screening.

Results:

Among the 16 compounds that were found to pass the evaluation, all 16 compounds passed
the toxicity evaluation except the 7th molecule. The molecular docking study showed that compounds
1, 2 and 16 had high inhibition constant.

Conclusion:

The preliminary results suggest the compounds 1, 2 and 16 have the potential ligand
binding capacity with the cFos-cJun complex. Further analysis, with advanced tools, may result in
potential small molecules to inhibit the c-Fos-c-Jun complex.
Inter-rater Reliability of Preceptors on Clinical Pharmacy Competency Evaluation
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Khalifa Sherief , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Bond Rucha
Published: December 2020

Background::

Clinical competence of pharmacy students is better evaluated at their practice
sites compared to the classroom. A clinical pharmacy competency evaluation rubric like that of
the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) is an effective assessment tool for clinical
skills and can be used to show item reliability. The preceptors should be trained on how to use the
rubrics as many inherent factors could influence inter-rater reliability.

Objective::

To evaluate inter-rater reliability among preceptors on evaluating clinical competence
of pharmacy students, before and after a group discussion intervention.

Materials and Methods:

In this quasi-experimental study in a United Arab Emirates teaching hospital,
Seven clinical pharmacy preceptors rated the clinical pharmacy competencies of ten recent
PharmD graduates referring to their portfolios and preceptorship. Clinical pharmacy competencies
were adopted from ACCP and mildly modified to be relevant for the local settings.

Results::

Inter-rater reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) among preceptors was reasonable being practitioners
at a single site for 2-4 years. At domain level, inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.79 - 0.93
before intervention and 0.94 - 0.99 after intervention. No inter-rater reliability was observed in relation
to certain competency elements ranging from 0.31 - 0.61 before the intervention, but improved
to 0.79 - 0.97 after the intervention. Intra-class correlation coefficient improved among all individual
preceptors being reliable with each other after group discussion though some had no reliability
with each other before group discussion.

Conclusion::

Group discussion among preceptors at the training site was found to be effective in improving
inter-rater reliability on all elements of the clinical pharmacy competency evaluation. Removing
a preceptor from the analysis did not affect inter-rater reliability after group discussion.
Safety and Efficacy of Teplizumab for Treatment of Type One Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nourelden Anas Zakarya , Elshanbary Alaa Ahmed , El-Sherif Loalo'a , Benmelouka Amira Yasmine , Rohim Hagar Ismail , Helmy Sara Kamel , Sayed Merhan Kamal , Ismail Ammar , Ali Ahmed Said , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed
Published: December 2020

Background::

Type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by gradual destruction
of beta cells in islets of Langerhans. Teplizumab is a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, which may have beneficial
effects for T1DM patients.

Objective::

To assess the safety and efficacy of teplizumab in T1DM patients.

Methods::

We searched electronic databases using related keywords for randomized clinical trials that assessing the safety
and efficacy of teplizumab. We evaluated the retrieved citations for eligibility, and we extracted the data then analyzed it using
Review Manager Software.

Results::

We included eight randomized clinical trials with 866 patients. Teplizumab was associated
with lower insulin use than placebo at 6 months (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.09], P < 0.001),
12 months (MD = -0.12, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.06], P < 0.001), 18 months (MD = -0.22, 95% CI
[-0.32, -0.11], P < 0.001) and 24 months (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.06], P = 0.003). The area
under the curve of C-peptide was significantly increased in teplizumab group at 12 months (MD =
0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.15], P = 0.03), 18 months (MD = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25], P = 0.03) and 24
months (MD = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.24], P = 0.03). No significant effect of teplizumab on HbA1c
levels was observed at any time point. Teplizumab was found to be associated with some side effects
such as lymphopenia, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders.

Conclusions::

Teplizumab is associated with lower insulin use and higher AUC of C-peptide in type 1 diabetic patients with
no significant effect on Hb1c levels. Besides, teplizumab showed some adverse effects.
Lactation Plays a Fundamental Role in Developmental Programming
Authors: Ramirez Victoria , Montaño Francisco A. , Bautista Regina J. , Mummidi Srinivas , Alvarenga Juan C. , Bautista Claudia J.
Published: December 2020

:

Breast milk has been considered the best source of nutrition for newborns. Several epidemiological
and basic experimental studies have been conducted to understand the nutritional advantages
of breast milk. Previous findings have emphasized the importance of good maternal nutrition. Maternal
milk provides macromolecules, minerals, immune cells, antibodies, hormones, and regular flora to
strengthen their offspring preventing various diseases. Maternal milk helps to facilitate physiological,
and molecular maturation of several systems, which are important for the final maturation of organs
and newborn body development.

:

Currently, breastfeeding is being abandoned for various reasons, such as lower milk production, lack of
time, abandonment of the family, social or emotional problems and adverse environmental conditions.
These permanent alterations during a critical developmental window have negative consequences in
regard to the development of the offspring and organ maturation leading to metabolic, reproductive,
hormonal and physiological problems from early life to adulthood.

:

This review describes the advantages of breast milk and the importance for the mother to maintain an
adequate diet during pregnancy and lactation, in addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and harmonious
family relationships. Such an environment will contribute to the complete maturation and development
of the offspring.
A Novel Dual Output Comparator Based on Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor
Authors: Krishna Petluri V.S.M. , Srinivasulu Avireni , Lal Rajesh K.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Current comparators are useful in many analog circuits and communication
systems. With the increasing demand to integrate wearable health monitoring systems in telemedicine
and biomedical applications that help in early detection of abnormal conditions in patients, comparator
is one of its cores.

Objective:

Wearable and implantable medical devices work primarily on the signal acquisition and
wireless transmission. In the signal acquisition, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is the prime module.
Conversion is done using the sampling process and samples are generated by comparing the input
signal with the threshold level. For this purpose, comparator circuits are more preferable. This manuscript
presents a novel dual output comparator design by using carbon nanotube field effect transistor
second generation current controlled conveyor (CNCCCII). This CNCCCII is realized with the present-
day technology called Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs).

Methods:

The proposed comparator topology is designed with 32 nm CNFET technology files with a
supply voltage of ±0.9 V using the Cadence Virtuoso simulator tool. The performance of the proposed
design is tested using transient analysis, Montecarlo analysis, temperature sweep, and finally compared
with the existing models.

Results:

The proposed comparator has the advantage of requiring a single CNCCCII with only one resistor
and is preferable for monolithic IC fabrication.

Conclusion:

The proposed circuit implemented using CNFETs gives a substantial improvement in
supply voltage requirement and less variation in output voltage levels over the existing technologies.
Compendious Review on Bioactive Constituents and Pharmacotherapeutic
Profile of Heliotropium indicum Linn
Authors: Pahuja Sonia , Garg Madhukar , Kumari Tripta , Bhatia Shiveena , Sarup Prerna
Published: December 2020

:

Heliotropium indicum Linn. (syn. Tiaridium indicum) is a widespread plant that grows like a weed and is
commonly termed as ‘Hatisundu’ (Family: Heliotropiaceae, Subfamily: Boraginaceae). The plant is endogenous to
Southern America and has been naturalized in North America, Africa, Asia and Australia. It is utilized worldwide owing to
its ethnomedical significance. The folklore uses of the plant include uterine stimulant, antifertility, diuretic agent and many
more. The widespread literature studies reveal that the plant possesses varied pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anti-ulcer, anti-glaucoma, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-plasmodial and wound healing. The wild
occurrence of this species worldwide provides an opportunity to utilize this plant to paramount levels in treating diverse
ailments. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of phytochemicals present in the different parts of the
plant which are in turn responsible for its therapeutic potential.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Image Skeletonization Methods in Biometric Security Systems
Authors: Nazarkevych Mariya , Dmytruk Serhii , Hrytsyk Volodymyr , Vozna Olha , Kuza Anzhela , Shevchuk Oleksii , Voznyi Yaroslav , Maslanych Iryna , Sheketa Vasyl
Published: December 2020

Background:

Systems of the Internet of Things are actively implementing biometric systems. For fast and
high-quality recognition in sensory biometric control and management systems, skeletonization methods are used at the
stage of fingerprint recognition. The analysis of the known skeletonization methods of Zhang-Suen, Hilditch, Ateb-Gabor
with the wave skeletonization method has been carried out and it shows a good time and qualitative recognition results.

Methods:

The methods of Zhang-Suen, Hildich and thinning algorithm based on Ateb-Gabor filtration, which form the
skeletons of biometric fingerprint images, are considered. The proposed thinning algorithm based on Ateb-Gabor filtration
showed better efficiency because it is based on the best type of filtering, which is both a combination of the classic Gabor
function and the harmonic Ateb function. The combination of this type of filtration makes it possible to more accurately
form the surroundings where the skeleton is formed.

Results:

Along with the known ones, a new Ateb-Gabor filtering algorithm with the wave skeletonization method has
been developed, the recognition results of which have better quality, which allows to increase the recognition quality from
3 to 10%.

Conclusion:

The Zhang-Suen algorithm is a 2-way algorithm, so for each iteration, it performs two sets
of checks during which pixels are removed from the image. Zhang-Suen's algorithm works on a
plot of black pixels with eight neighbors. This means that the pixels found along the edges of the image
are not analyzed. Hilditch thinning algorithm occurs in several passages, where the algorithm checks all
pixels and decides whether to replace a pixel from black to white if certain conditions are satisfied. This
Ateb-Gabor filtering will provide a better performance, as it allows to obtain more hollow shapes, organize
a larger range of curves. Numerous experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed
method.
A Coleção Econômica de Laemmert & C. Editores - Estratégia editorial no campo literário brasileiro nos últimos anos do século XIX
Authors: Catharina Pedro Paulo Garcia Ferreira
Published: December 2020

As coleções literárias reúnem uma gama de livros que revelam o perfil cultural de leitores e também as intenções comerciais de seus editores. Nossa pesquisa, da qual apresentamos neste artigo alguns dos aspectos estudados, se debruça sobre a Coleção Econômica da Livraria Laemmert & C. Editores, que difundiu pelo Brasil entre os anos de 1895 e 1898 uma série de romances estrangeiros já traduzidos para o português, em sua maioria franceses. A partir do estudo material dos exemplares desta coleção pertencentes ao acervo da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional e do material correlato encontrado na Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira, refletiremos sobre este investimento editorial da tradicional livraria-editora Laemmert que, nos últimos anos do século XIX, visava atingir o público leitor brasileiro para o qual a literatura estrangeira constituía um patrimônio cultural, ao mesmo tempo que o inseria numa comunidade letrada internacional.
'O meu Pé de Laranja Lima' na China: Receção e Tradução
Authors: Li Li
Published: December 2020

O meu Pé de Laranja Lima, um romance infantil brasileiro, por José Mauro de Vasconcelos, foi traduzido de português para chinês pela primeira vez e publicado na China continental em 2010. Desde então, o livro foi um grande sucesso no país. O artigo tenta demonstrar os fatores da popularidade desta obra na China em cinco perspetivas, nomeadamente o conteúdo do livro, os profissionais e a patronagem, o desenvolvimento da internet, a influência coreana e as estratégias de tradução. Os problemas na tradução também são discutidos para chamar mais a atenção ao papel da tradução na promoção de literatura noutro país.
Introdução
Authors: Pereira Margarida , Flores Cristina Maria Moreira , Silva José Eduardo
Published: December 2020

O presente número da revista Diacrítica tem o título (Re)leituras e campo literário. Os artigos reunidos sob esta temática abrangente foram escolhidos entre as propostas submetidas para publicação sem responder a uma chamada específica (fluxo contínuo). Com o lançamento deste número, os editores pretendem realçar a relevância dos Estudos Literários para o perfil científico da Diacrítica.
Upaya Gugus Tugas Kota Layak Anak Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Perlindungan Khusus Pada Anak di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Himawati Ika Pasca , Wahyuseptiani Yetty Isna , Arwani Muh. Marwan
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami upaya yang dilakukan oleh gugus tugas kota layak anak selaku lembaga koordinatif program Kota Layak Anak yang tengah di kembangkan di Kota Bengkulu dalam memenuhi hak perlindungan khusus bagi anak. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengambilan informan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan oleh gugus tugas kota layak anak dalam memenuhi hak perlindungan pada anak diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut : melakukan koordinasi kepada seluruh SKPD untuk membuat program yang responsif pada anak guna memenuhi hak kebutuhan anak di bidang perlindungan anak, melakukan sosialisasi melalui penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan Perlindungan hak anak sebagai upaya mendistribusikan pengetahuan mengenai hak perlindungan anak kepada seluruh elemen masyarakat, mengadvokasi anak korban kekerasan dan bermasalah terhadap hukum melalui upaya preventif seperti restorative justice dengan tujuan agar anak tetap mendapatkan perlindungan secara hukum
Dukungan Sosial Bagi Warga Penderita Gangguan Jiwa di Jogonalan Kidul, Tirtonirmolo, Kasihan, Bantul
Authors: Kumalasari Arsitha , Wardana Amika , Martiana Aris
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk dukungan sosial bagi warga penderita gangguan jiwa di Jogonalan Kidul, Tirtonirmolo, Kasihan, Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan di dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga dari penderita gangguan jiwa, tetangga sekitar tempat tinggal penderita gangguan jiwa, dan pemerintah setempat. Informan dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Keabsahan data diperiksa dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial bagi warga penderita gangguan jiwa di Jogonalan Kidul, Tirtonirmolo, Kasihan, Bantul diberikan oleh pihak keluarga, masyarakat, maupun pemerintah setempat. Dukungan sosial paling banyak diberikan oleh keluarga adalah dukungan instrumental. Dukungan sosial yang diberikan oleh masyarakat paling banyak adalah dukungan kelompok. Sedangkan dukungan sosial dari pemerintah setempat paling banyak adalah dukungan informasi.
Mairil dan Perkembangan Orientasi Seksual Alumni Santri Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Fikri Mohammad Fajrul , Wardana Amika
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana mairil yang ada di pesantren dalam mengonstruksi perkembangan orientasi seksual santri ketika berada di pesantren maupun setelah lulus dari pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai santri yang mairil (mirip gay) yang ada di pesantren. Informan penelitian ini berjumlah sebanyak 8 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling yang mana alumni santri merupakan berjenis laki-laki dan pernah berperilaku gay di pesantren. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara. Teknik validitas data menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yaitu mulai dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa identitas santri yang mairil (mirip gay) di pesantren ini tidak terlahir sebagai seorang gay. Identitas ini dibangun di lingkungan pesantren melalui proses mengenal, memelajari, hingga akhirnya meniru santri lain yang santri yang mairil (mirip gay), yang kemudian memengaruhi bentuk orientasi maupun perilaku seksual santri di pesantren. Santri yang mairil (mirip gay) yang dilakukan oleh santri termanifestasi dalam beragam bentuk hingga dapat dikatakan sebagai perilaku gay yang meliputi mencitul (mencubit pipi), menyipok (mencium pipi/leher), hingga melakukan aktivitas seksual berupa nyempet (menyelipkan alat kelamin ke sela-sela paha). Santri yang mairil (mirip gay) di pesantren merupakan hal yang biasa terjadi, sehingga hal itu tidak berdampak pada kehidupan sosial santri baik saat berada di pesantren maupun setelah keluar dari pesantren, karena apa yang dialami santri merupakan pergeseran orientasi seksual karena adanya perkembangan psikologis dan emosional yang dapat memengaruhi seksualitas, sehingga seseorang dapat berperilaku homoseksual atau heteroseksual dalam kurun waktu tertentu.
Efecto del aditivo probiótico Lactobacillus pentosus LB-31 en pollos de ceba
Authors: Sosa-Cossio Dailyn , García-Hernández Yaneisy , Dustet-Mendoza Julio C , García-Curbelo Yanelys , Martínez-Pérez Madeleidy , Sosa-Ceijas Areadne , García-Quiñones Dayron
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la respuesta biológica de pollos de ceba al incluir en la dieta el aditivo probiótico Lactobacillus pentosus LB-31, que se obtuvo en un medio de cultivo económico y diferentes condiciones de producción. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó diseño completamente aleatorizado con ocho animales por tratamientos. Se establecieron dos grupos experimentales: el primero consumió la dieta basal sin antibióticos (grupo control) y el segundo la dieta basal con la adición de Lactobacillus pentosus LB-31 en concentración de 107 ufc/g de alimento. Se determinaron indicadores hematológicos, de bioquímica sanguínea, morfométricos e inmunológicos. Resultados. A los 42 días de edad de los animales no se encontraron diferencias entre tratamientos para la hemoglobina y hematocrito. La relación albúmina/globulinas y los niveles de albúmina, colinesterasa y glutatión aumentaron (p<0.05); mientras que las concentraciones de globulinas, ácido úrico, amilasa pancreática, fosfatasa alcalina, colesterol y triglicéridos disminuyeron (p<0.05) con la inclusión de LB-31 en la dieta de los animales. En los indicadores morfométricos el probiótico solo tuvo efecto (p<0.05) en el peso relativo (g/kg de peso vivo) del intestino delgado que disminuyó y la grasa abdominal que aumentó. Conclusiones. Lactobacillus pentosus LB-31, cultivado en un nuevo medio de cultivo y diferentes condiciones de obtención, mantiene su actividad probiótica en indicadores morfo-fisiológicos y bioquímica sanguínea de pollos de ceba.
Кто и как преподавал языки в Петербургской академии наук в XVIII в.?
Authors: Костина Татьяна
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Л. В. Московкин, Языковое образование в Академическом университете и гимназии в XVIII веке. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство Санкт-Петербургского университета, 2019. 144 с.
Simulasi Pencitraan Logam dengan Antena Bowtie Terkopel Bolometer pada Radiasi Gelombang THz
Authors: Catur Apriono  , Hendry Steven Marbun
Published: December 2020

Transportasi udara merupakan salah satu moda transportasi dengan peningkatan jumlah penumpang yang signifikan. Namun, dalam perkembangannya moda ini rawan aksi terorisme dan sabotase, yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh kelalaian dalam mendeteksi barang logam berbahaya. Gelombang THz dapat digunakan sebagai pencitraan karena aman, memiliki resolusi spasial yang tinggi, tetapi rentan akan efek difraksi. Pada makalah ini dilakukan studi difraksi dan simulasi pencitraan logam gelombang THz dengan perangkat lunak CST Microwave Studio. Sensor yang digunakan dalam simulasi adalah antena bowtie terkopel bolometer karena desainnya yang sederhana dan bandwith yang lebar. Simulasi dilakukan dengan variasi jenis antena yang memiliki frekuensi kerja 1 THz, 3 THz, dan 5 THz. Variasi jenis polarisasi plane wave (polarisasi Ex & Ey) juga dilakukan untuk masing-masing jenis antena. Simulasi dengan peningkatan frekuensi menghasilkan citra yang lebih akurat karena memiliki efek difraksi yang lebih kecil dan resolusi spasial yang lebih besar. Simulasi dengan polarisasi Ex menghasilkan citra yang lebih baik dalam kontras karena memiliki arah pergerakan medan listrik yang sejajar dengan sensor yang digunakan.
Framework dan Code Generator Pengembangan Aplikasi Android dengan Menerapkan Prinsip Clean Architecture
Authors: Aflah Taqiu Sondha  , Umi Sa’adah  , Fadilah Fahrul Hardiansyah  , Maulidan Bagus Afridian Rasyid
Published: December 2020

Android merupakan salah satu sistem operasi smartphone yang memiliki pangsa pasar terbesar di Indonesia. Tingginya pangsa pasar Android tersebut memaksa pengembang aplikasi Android menghasilkan aplikasi Android dengan kualitas kode yang baik dan cepat. Akan tetapi, sistem pengembangan aplikasi Android yang sudah ada saat ini kurang efektif karena sangat tergantung pada pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang berbeda-beda antar para pengembang aplikasi Android. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah pengembangan pemodelan baru untuk mempercepat dan memperingan beban dalam pengembangan aplikasi Android, dengan menghasilkan kode berkualitas baik yang menerapkan prinsip clean architecture. Sistem ini menyediakan sebuah code generator dalam bentuk plugin template di Android Studio yang menghasilkan sebuah framework proyek Android dengan menggunakan arsitektur MVP dan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip clean architecture di dalamnya. Framework tersebut sudah terintegrasi langsung dengan sebuah dependensi library yang berisi fungsi-fungsi umum yang sering digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi Android. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini mampu menghemat 42% waktu dan beban dalam pengembangan aplikasi Android serta menghasilkan kode dengan tingkat maintainability sebesar 81%.
Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Pencatatan Pemungutan Suara dengan Teknologi Blockchain pada Jaringan Peer-to-Peer
Authors: Rifa Hanifatunnisa  , Muhammad Ismail
Published: December 2020

Proses voting (pemungutan suara) merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam sistem demokrasi, yang sampai saat ini masih banyak dilakukan secara konvensional menggunakan kertas. Pelaksanaan kegiatan voting yang dikelola oleh satu pihak atau organisasi membuat data hasil voting rentan manipulasi. Blockchain sebagai sebuah teknologi yang mampu menjaga keamanan data dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kecurangan dalam proses voting. Data hasil voting dicatat di dalam blockchain, kemudian data tersebut didistribusikan ke banyak pihak. Data yang terdistribusi ini juga menghilangkan ketergantungan pada satu pihak mengenai data hasil voting. Makalah ini membahas penerapan sistem pencatatan voting menggunakan teknologi blockchain dan proses pendistribusian data tersebut dalam jaringan peer-to-peer. Pada sistem ini, TPS merupakan node pada jaringan yang akan mencatat, menandatangani, dan menyebarkan data voting di tempatnya ke node lain yang saling terhubung dalam jaringan peer-to-peer. Dengan begitu, salinan data hasil voting tiap node akan disimpan di semua node. Selain itu, hasil voting dapat dilihat secara real-time dan membuat proses penghitungan hasil voting menjadi lebih cepat.
Pemodelan dan Simulasi Photovoltaic Menggunakan Pendekatan Model Tiga Diode
Authors: Usman  , Idris Ahmad Rosyid , Sofyan  , Syamsuddin Irfan
Published: December 2020

Pengukuran karakteristik kinerja photovoltaic (PV) membutuhkan suatu lingkungan yang dapat dikondisikan, yaitu pada kondisi radiasi matahari dan suhu standar, sehingga memerlukan peralatan khusus. Cara sederhana untuk melakukan hal ini adalah dengan memodelkan PV tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kurva karakteristik PV adalah dengan menyamakan daya maksimal model dengan daya maksimal datasheet yang diimplementasikan pada MATLAB. Hasil simulasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan selisih antara 𝑷𝒎𝒑,𝒎 dengan 𝑷𝒎𝒑,𝒆 adalah 0,000314 W, sedangkan untuk arus hasil simulasi, dibandingkan dengan pengukuran, absolute error rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 2,159%. Kurva I-V yang diperoleh pada model ini juga sangat identik dengan kurva I-V yang menggunakan pendekatan dua diode ataupun model satu diode. Hasil simulasi model ini juga dibandingkan dengan model yang sama, menggunakan algoritme MRFO, SFO, COA, WOA, SA, dan GA. Hasilnya menunjukkan kemiripan yang tinggi. Kurva I-V sangat dipengaruhi oleh konstanta 𝒂, 𝑹𝒔 , dan 𝑹𝒑. Konstanta 𝒂 memengaruhi kelengkungan kurva I-V, tepatnya kelengkungan pada 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎, sedangkan 𝑹𝒔 memengaruhi kelengkungan kurva I-V sebelum 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎, dan 𝑹𝒑 setelah 𝑰𝒎, 𝑽𝒎.
Procedimientos quirúrgicos en México durante la pandemia COVID-19-2020
Authors: Cuevas Osorio Víctor José , Farell Rivas Jorge
Published: December 2020

En respuesta a la diversidad de preguntas y cuestionamientos, así como la desinformación acerca de la pandemia de covid-19, la mayoría de los gobiernos e instituciones de salud recomendaron la cancelación o diferimiento de la cirugía electiva. Esta acción fue relevante para disponer de camas hospitalarias y garantizar el suministro de equipo de protección personal (epp), así como para proteger a los pacientes y al personal sanitario.A nivel mundial, muchos gobiernos están pasando de una posición de restricción a la reapertura de la cirugía electiva. Esto requiere una baja prevalencia en la comunidad, acceso a las pruebas del sars-cov-2, así como garantizar la existencia de personal capacitado, camas en terapia intensiva, epp y todos los demás suministros médicos necesarios. Esta pandemia podría afectar el acceso a una cirugía segura, especialmente en países de ingresos bajos y medios; ésta es una gran preocupación que debe abordarse. La cirugía es una parte esencial de la medicina moderna, pero se deben considerar cuidadosamente los riesgos adicionales durante la pandemia de covid-19; la pandemia nos ha dado la oportunidad de nuevas formas de atención médica, como es cuando se realiza a distancia utilizando la telemedicina y otros medios digitales, nos ha obligado a obtener mayor eficiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes, reduciendo con esto sus visitas al hospital, así como descentralizando los hospitales y llevando la atención de los hospitales a los pacientes y no a la inversa.
Violencia de género e información periodística. La perspectiva de la prensa escrita ante la marcha del 8 de marzo de 2020 en la Ciudad de México: una aproximación
Authors: Valles Ruiz Rosa María
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los titulares de tres diarios de la Ciudad de México sobre la manifestación multitudinaria del 8 de marzo que denunció la creciente violencia de género en México y exigió un alto al feminicidio. El análisis se realiza a través de la metodología del análisis del discurso y las categorías sintácticas nominalización deverbal y adjetival, y pragmáticas vinculadas con el contexto. El acercamiento a los titulares expresó coincidencias: los tres diarios publicaron información sobre la marcha en Primera Plana. Las especificidades arrojaron resultados interesantes. La agenda de La Jornada y Excélsior tuvo coincidencias, incluso en el verbo utilizado y la extensión dedicada al evento, en tanto El Sol de México registró el evento también en Primera Plana aunque destacó (por el tamaño del titular) el incremento de la depreciación del peso frente al dólar. Tras lo explícito y el análisis sintáctico se infiere lo implícito, las tendencias ideológicas de los diarios y la orientación de su agenda. La cobertura de la marcha era inevitable no así la forma (y el fondo) como se expresó en los titulares, cuya elección obedece a que constituyen la primera información que conocen (y a veces la única) los lectores.
Evidencias de transmisión intergeneracional de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades
Authors: Larqué Velázquez Carlos Alfonso , Escalona Mugica Jose Rene
Published: December 2020

Actualmente, a nivel mundial se está atravesando por una transición epidemiológica en la que las enfermedades infecciosas han dejado de ser las principales causas de muerte, ahora las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas son cada vez más prevalentes. El aumento global del sobrepeso y la obesidad tiene un papel primordial en esta transición, siendo factores de riesgo para desarrollar desórdenes metabólicos, enfermedades cardiovasculares y algunos tipos de cáncer. Por lo tanto, resulta una prioridad el estudio de todos los factores asociados al desarrollo del sobrepeso y la obesidad. El objetivo de esta nota científica, es señalar que la obesidad y sus comorbilidades tienen efectos sobre la programación metabólica durante la gestación, por lo que pueden aumentar el riesgo en la descendencia (más allá de una generación) de desarrollarlas. La hipótesis de que las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas (obesidad, hipertensión, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 o enfermedades cardiovasculares), que generalmente se presentan en la edad adulta se originen durante el desarrollo del individuo parece poco probable. Sin embargo, existe evidencia tanto epidemiológica como experimental, que demuestra que el estado nutricional y metabólico de ambos padres previo a la concepción y de la madre durante la gestación, pueden repercutir en la salud de su progenie durante la vida adulta.
Improved tolerability and efficaciousness of MiraLAX-Gatorade when compared to GoLYTELY in the outpatient setting
Authors: Farah Bassem
Published: December 2020

A clinical decision report using Gu P, Lew D, Jung OS, et al. Comparing the Real-World Effectiveness of Competing Colonoscopy Preparations: Results of a Prospective Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(2):305-314. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000057 for a patient reluctant to undergo colonoscopy screening due to concerns about GoLYTLEY's tolerability.
AREL-EZGİ-UZDİLEK SES SİSTEMİNE GÖRE TÜRK MÜZİĞİ BASİT MAKAM DİZİLERİNİN BAĞLAMANIN MEVCUT PERDE SİSTEMİYLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÜLER Emirhan , GÖKTAŞ Uğur
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde Türk müziğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan ses sistemi Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek tarafından geliştirilen 24 perdeli ses sistemidir. 24 perdeli ses sistemiyle birlikte kullanılmakta olan diğer bir sistem ise, Safiyyûddin Urmevî tarafından sistemleştirilen 17 perdeli ses sistemidir. Türk müziği makam dizilerindeki ses aralıkları, 24 perdeli sistem üzerine inşa edilerek belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu ses sistemleri arasında farklılıklar bulunmakta ve bu farklılıklar Türk sanat müziği ve Türk halk müziği çalgılarına da yansımaktadır. Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek ses sistemine göre Türk müziği makam dizilerinin perde aralıklarıyla bağlamanın mevcut perde aralıkları incelendiğinde birtakım uyuşmazlıkların ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek ses sistemine göre Türk müziği basit makam dizilerinden Çargâh, Bûselik, Kürdî, Uşşak, Hüseynî, Râst ve Hicaz makamı dizileriyle, bağlamanın mevcut perde yapısı karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış ve ortaya çıkan farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada, Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek ses sistemine göre Türk müziği basit makam dizilerinden Çargâh, Bûselik, Kürdî makam dizisi perde aralıklarının bağlamanın mevcut perde aralıklarıyla uyuştuğu, Uşşak, Hüseynî, Râst, Hicaz makam dizileri perde aralıklarının ise uyuşmadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmış ve bu sonuçlardan hareketle ortaya çıkan problemlerin çözümüne yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Optimum marker selection of acute liver damage in rats in the experiment
Authors: Popov K. A. , Tsymbalyuk I. Y. , Sepiashvili R. I. , Bykov I. M. , Ustinova E. S. , Bykov M. I.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Assessment of liver damage and functional state is one of the leading tasks of clinical and laboratory diagnostics. Traditionally used methods for determining the activity of a number of indicator enzymes in blood with relative organ-specificity, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and -glutamyl transferase, have low specificity for liver diseases. In this regard, the determination of the optimal marker of acute liver injury is an urgent problem. Aim. The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of changes in liver damage markers in rats at different periods of reperfusion after 20 minutes of ischemia in order to select the indicators that most informatively characterize the state of test-animals under conditions of correction of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Materials and methods: the study was performed on 120 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200250 grams. The animals were divided into 8 groups of 15 test-animals; all of them were simulated liver ischemia by clamping the analog of the hepatoduodenal ligament with a vascular clamp for 20 minutes. Then, blood was taken from different groups of rats at different reperfusion times 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes, 8 hours and a day. In the blood plasma of laboratory animals, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione transferase (GST), and lactate concentration were determined. Results: the results obtained allowed us to characterize two main peaks of indicators: a 5-minute period after restoration of blood flow the maximum activity of glutathione transferase and lactate concentration, increased by 3.94.7 times; 60180 minutes of reperfusion is the peak of aminotransferase activity, a significant increase in the activity of which begins 60 minutes after the restoration of blood flow and reaches its maximum by the 3rd hour of reperfusion, and LDH, the peak of which is recorded already by the 60th minute of revascularization. At the same time, after 8 hours of reperfusion, an obvious tendency for a decrease in all studied parameters was determined, which ends a day after modeling ischemia with a decrease to the level of control values. Conclusion: the assessment of organ damage in the ischemic period and the anti-ischemic effect of metabolic drugs can be carried out with the determination of an increase in lactate concentration and glutathione transferase activity almost immediately after restoration of blood flow. The development of injuries during the reperfusion period is more expedient to assess by determining AST, ALT and LDH after a 3-hour period of blood flow restoration, at which time the maximum values of markers are recorded under the condition of 20-minute total liver ischemia.
Una inspección arqueológica por el alto río Minero
Authors: Silva Celis Eliécer
Published: December 2020

En cumplimiento de una comisión oficial ad honórem otorgada por el Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, viajé el pasado 23 de abril hacia las veredas de Santo Domingo y Cañaveral, jurisdicción del Municipio de Buenavista, en el W de Boyacá, en compañía del señor Desiderio Sánchez, quien me sirvió de guía y en cuya casa hube de hospedarme. El propósito de esta comisión fue el de realizar algunos reconocimientos de hallazgos arqueológicos que, en plan de guaquería, vienen haciendo de tiempo atrás los habitantes campesinos de las fracciones mencionadas.
Gramática chibcha del siglo XVII (Continuación)
Authors: Lucena Salmoral Manuel
Published: December 2020

En este artículo presentamos la continuación de la que suponemos obra del P. Joseph Dadey. En la última Revista Colombiana de Antropología, publicamos ya la primera parte de esta gigantesca obra, cuyo manuscrito se encontraba inventariado con la signatura 2922, en la Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid. Y decimos se encontraba, hablando en sentido estricto. Hoy ya no está allí. Hace unos meses el manuscrito fue trasladado, con otros muchos, a Salamanca, motivo éste que ha dificultado la posibilidad de conseguir el final de tan importante documento.

La que suponemos obra de Dadey consta, como ya indicamos anteriormente, de cinco libros. En el volumen XIII de la Revista Colombiana de Antropología publicamos los tres primeros, titulados "La Gramática breve de la Lengua Mosca", "De la sintaxis y construcción de los nombres y verbos, y demás partes de la oración" y "De las formaciones de los tiempos". Ahora ofrecemos el cuarto libro titulado ''Confesionario de la lengua Mosca Chibcha". Queda pendiente únicamente el quinto: "Oraciones en lengua Mosca Chibcha", al cual se añade finalmente un vocabulario.

Quiero agradecer las palabras de estímulo que he recibido del Director del Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, Dr. Manuel José Casas Manrique, así como de varios lingüístas del Instituto Caro y Cuervo, en particular de los doctores Rafael Torres Quintero y Fernando Caro, las cuales me han decidido a seguir buscando la forma de completar la publicación de este gran documento lingüístico del siglo XVII.

La metodología utilizada para presentar el trabajo ha sido la misma que en los tres primeros libros publicados. Se ha efectuado una copia literal y diplomática, renglón por renglón y folio por folio, respetando incluso los errores ortográficos.