bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The subtle spreading of sexist norms
Authors: Koudenburg Namkje , Kannegieter Amke , Postmes Tom , Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: October 2020

Even when overt sexism and prejudice become rarer, social norms that perpetuate inequality are remarkably persistent. The present research lays out one of the subtle ways in which sexist norms may spread through society, by pointing to the role of responses to sexism. We investigate how third parties infer social norms about sexism when observing social interactions. In three studies among male students (Studies 1 and 2) and male and female students (Study 3), we demonstrate that subtle variations in how people respond to a sexist statement can have a substantial influence on inferences third parties make about sexist norms. Specifically, when a sexist statement is made and the conversation continues in a smoothly flowing fashion, third parties infer that this opinion is shared among interaction partners, perceived as appropriate, and that sexism is normative among them. However, when a sexist statement is followed by a brief silence that disrupts the flow of the conversation, observers think that it is contentious and that sexism is neither shared nor normative. Importantly, the effects of the manipulation generalized to the perception of sexist descriptive norms among male students in general. We conclude that social and cultural norms are not just inferred from conversation content, but also from conversational flow.
Verification of ingroup morality promotes willingness to participate in collective action for immigrants’ rights
Authors: Vázquez Alexandra , López-Rodríguez Lucía , Gómez Ángel , Brambilla Marco
Published: October 2020

Three experiments tested whether verification of ingroup morality increases engagement in collective action in favor of immigrants’ rights. To that end, participants were exposed to (a) verifying, (b) negatively discrepant, (c) enhancing, or (d) no feedback about the morality of their group in general (Studies 1–2) or specifically in matters of corruption (Study 3). Results show that those who received verifying feedback of their group’s morality were more willing to engage in collective action than those who received negative or no feedback. These effects seemed to be mediated by increased anger over immigrants’ disadvantage and positive attitudes towards them. Critically, enhancing feedback exerted similar effects as verifying feedback, although the latter yielded more stable and consistent results across the studies. These results suggest that appeals to collective ingroup morality can be effective to promote immigrants’ rights, especially when members of the host society feel that others consider them as moral as they perceive themselves.
Geometric design of rotary retractable plate structures based on parallelogram closed-loop chain linkages
Authors: Yu Feng , Xu Xian , Luo Yaozhi
Published: October 2020

For large-span retractable roof structures, the mechanism should be simple and efficient for the convenience of motion control. The kinematic characteristics of parallelogram closed-loop chain linkages (PCCL) show that a set of the angulated beams of PCCL rotates around the fixed points, which is suitable for retractable structures. This paper focuses on the geometrical design of the rotary retractable plate structures (RRPS), which evolves from PCCL by replacing the rotation angulated beams with cover plates. Each plate of RRPS has a fixed support and all the plates rotate simultaneously with a single DOF. The fixed points used as supports for cover plates to improve the stability and simplify the motion control of the system restrict the open area of the RRPS. By adjusting the contact boundaries of the cover plates, an optimisation method is proposed to increase the open area of the RRPS after fully deployed. The design approach is successfully extended to both symmetrical and asymmetrical RRPS. An example is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and a simple physical model is manufactured to validate the design result in the example.
HVAC systems for environmental control to minimize the COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ding Junwei , Yu Chuck Wah , Cao Shi-Jie
Published: October 2020

The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus arises significant concern for virus transmission and control. The control of the indoor environment or public-enclosed environment is crucial to reduce the risk of infection. Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to create a healthy, thermal-comfort indoor environments. Thus, the rational use of HVAC systems is of great importance for the environmental control to reduce infection risk and to improve human wellbeing in the pandemic. In order to satisfy the requirement of better healthy environment and more thermal comfort performance of indoor ventilation system, prevention of indoor pollution is essential, especially considering the purpose of disease transmission resistance. This paper investigated the collective contagion events in enclosed spaces as well as engineering control against virus spread with ventilation systems for health-care facilities and public vehicles. Future challenges of HVAC design and control were discussed.
‘A point of reference’: the insider/outsider research staircase and transgender people’s experiences of participating in trans-led research
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana , Tilley P. J. Matt
Published: October 2020

Transgender (heretofore shortened to ‘trans’) people remain largely excluded from involvement and leadership in the research conducted with their communities. As a result, few trans insiders (i.e. trans people who are also researchers) are ever in the position of designing, conducting, and disseminating knowledge from trans research. As such, social narratives of trans experiences are often inaccurate, lacking nuance, or directly damaging. This paper argues that insider–outsider IO research exists on a value ‘staircase’, moving from no involvement to full leadership. Using this staircase model, the researchers suggest that elevating and empowering trans people to consult in, conduct, and lead trans research benefits both the trans and research communities. Meaningful trans involvement in research provides more in-depth data, builds more constructive rapport with community members, and produces more effective research than the norm of purely outsider research in the field. The paper then details the results from a study of 6 trans women’s experience of undergoing IO-led trans research, with Shoshana as the main researcher and interviewer. The study identified three main themes: ‘The Impact of Trans-Led Research,’ ‘Constructive Approaches to the Research Process,’ and ‘Community-Controlled Narratives as a Priority’. This paper concludes that IO-led research facilitates an empowering research process for participants, communities, and researchers, and that future research in the area should consider trans representation and control as a priority.
The role of renin-angiotensin system in patients with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Briasoulis Alexandros , Ruiz Duque Ernesto , Mouselimis Dimitrios , Tsarouchas Anastasios , Bakogiannis Constantinos , Alvarez Paulino
Published: October 2020

End-stage heart failure is a condition in which the up-regulation of the systemic and local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leads to end-organ damage and is largely irreversible despite optimal medication. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) can downregulate RAAS activation by unloading the left ventricle and increasing the cardiac output translating into a better end-organ perfusion improving survival. However, the absence of pulsatility brought about by continuous-flow devices may variably trigger RAAS activation depending on left ventricular (LV) intrinsic contractility, the design and speed of the pump device. Moreover, the concept of myocardial recovery is being tested in clinical trials and in this setting LVAD support combined with intense RAAS inhibition can promote recovery and ensure maintenance of LV function after explantation. Blood pressure control on LVAD recipients is key to avoiding complications as gastrointestinal bleeding, pump thrombosis and stroke. Furthermore, emerging data highlight the role of RAAS antagonists as prevention of arteriovenous malformations that lead to gastrointestinal bleeds. Future studies should focus on the role of angiotensin receptor inhibitors in preventing myocardial fibrosis in patients with LVADs and examine in greater details the target blood pressure for these patients.
A primer on coupled state-switching models for multiple interacting time series
Authors: Pohle Jennifer , Langrock Roland , Schaar Mihaela van der , King Ruth , Jensen Frants Havmand
Published: October 2020

State-switching models such as hidden Markov models or Markov-switching regression models are routinely applied to analyse sequences of observations that are driven by underlying non-observable states. Coupled state-switching models extend these approaches to address the case of multiple observation sequences whose underlying state variables interact. In this article, we provide an overview of the modelling techniques related to coupling in state-switching models, thereby forming a rich and flexible statistical framework particularly useful for modelling correlated time series. Simulation experiments demonstrate the relevance of being able to account for an asynchronous evolution as well as interactions between the underlying latent processes. The models are further illustrated using two case studies related to (a) interactions between a dolphin mother and her calf as inferred from movement data and (b) electronic health record data collected on 696 patients within an intensive care unit.
Sovereignty, citizenship and educating refugees in the United States
Authors: Koyama Jill
Published: October 2020

Public education in the United States acts as a governmental tool of neoliberalism, through which state power and sovereignty are deployed and transformed in daily life. Here, I examine how the divergence of sovereignty is exerted over refugee students and their families in US public education. Drawing on 42 months of ethnographic data collected on refugee and other immigrant networks in Southern Arizona, a US–Mexico border region marked by increasing anti-immigrant policies and practices, I reveal how the everyday practices and policies of one school district reflect and reinforce the government’s control over refugee students. I argue that the ways in which the students are sorted, marginalized, and denied opportunities as learners is inextricable from their positioning as non-citizens by the federal and state governments. Specifically, I demonstrate the linkages between the federal education policy, Every School Succeeds Act, Arizona State’s Proposition 203: English Language Education for the Children in Public Schools, which eliminated bilingual education, and the school district’s approach to teaching refugee students. Finally, I offer recommendations for creating more inclusive, assets-based learning environments for refugee students that push back against the neoliberal favoring of competition and one-size-fits-all solutions in public education.
Is Utilization of University-Sponsored Social Media Associated With Increased Social Integration and Retention Among Online Students? An Examination of Social Media as a Moderator of Student Retention
Authors: Eaton Gary , Cates Steven
Published: October 2020

Online student retention remains a problem for many colleges and universities. Retention models developed for residential students also explain the contribution to retention resulting from connecting online students with other students and the daily life of the university. Social media has been proposed as a way to engage online students to create a sense of community that may contribute to student retention. This quantitative study assessed the association between online student usage of university-sponsored social media with the Classroom and School Community Inventory (CSCI), a scale developed to quantify students’ sense of academic and social community, and the association with subsequent retention at a southeastern U.S. university with a large online student population. While the effect was small, student engagement with university-sponsored social media was significantly associated with both higher scores on the CSCI and with higher reenrollment rates.
Long-Term Effectiveness of a Drug-Eluting Stent for Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis: Subanalysis of the Zilver PTX Japan Post-Market Surveillance Study
Authors: Sugimoto Masayuki , Komori Kimihiro , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Ohki Takao , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Nakamura Masato , Nanto Shinsuke , O’Leary Erin E. , Lottes Aaron E. , Saunders Alan T. , Dake Michael D.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To present a subgroup analysis of patients from a large real-world study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) for treating femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Materials and Methods

This study examined patients enrolled in the Zilver PTX Japan Post-Market Surveillance Study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02254837), a prospective, multicenter registry of 904 symptomatic patients with 1082 femoropopliteal lesions treated with the DES at 95 institutions in Japan. Five-year outcomes, including mortality, stent radiography, freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), and clinical benefit, were evaluated for 177 patients (mean age 74.2±8.3 years; 118 men) with 204 ISR lesions treated with the Zilver DES. Over half of the patients (108, 61.0%) were diabetic. Mean lesion length was 17.8±10.4 cm, and a third (72, 35.3%) were total occlusions. Outcome measures were all-cause mortality, thrombosis, freedom from TLR, and clinical benefit, defined as freedom from persistent or deteriorating ischemic symptoms.

Results

No device-related or procedure-related deaths or paclitaxel-related adverse events were reported. All-cause mortality was 25.1% at 5 years. Stent fracture was observed in 5 stents through 5 years. The 5-year rate of freedom from clinically-driven TLR was 73.4%, and the rate of clinical benefit was 63.6%. Improvement in Rutherford category and ankle-brachial index was sustained through 5 years.

Conclusion

The safety and effectiveness of the Zilver PTX stent for the treatment of femoropopliteal ISR lesions demonstrated that this device provides a favorable treatment option in this difficult-to-treat subgroup.
HFO to Measure Seizure Propensity and Improve Prognostication in Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Jacobs Julia , Zijlmans Maeike
Published: October 2020

The study of high frequency oscillations (HFO) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) as biomarkers of epileptic activity has merely focused on their spatial location and relationship to the epileptogenic zone. It has been suggested in several ways that the amount of HFO at a certain point in time may reflect the disease activity or severity. This could be clinically useful in several ways, especially as noninvasive recording of HFO appears feasible. We grouped the potential hypotheses into 4 categories: (1) HFO as biomarkers to predict the development of epilepsy; (2) HFO as biomarkers to predict the occurrence of seizures; (3) HFO as biomarkers linked to the severity of epilepsy, and (4) HFO as biomarkers to evaluate outcome of treatment. We will review the literature that addresses these 4 hypotheses and see to what extent HFO can be used to measure seizure propensity and help determine prognosis of this unpredictable disease.
Night Watch on the Titanic: Detecting Early Signs of Epileptogenesis in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lam Alice D. , Noebels Jeffrey
Published: October 2020

Aberrant cortical network excitability is an inextricable feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) that can negatively impact memory and accelerate cognitive decline. Surface electroencephalogram spikes and intracranial recordings of nocturnal silent seizures in human AD, coupled with the abnormal neural synchrony that precedes development of behavioral seizures in mouse AD models, build the case for epileptogenesis as an early therapeutic target for AD. Since most individuals with AD do not develop overt seizures, leveraging functional biomarkers of epilepsy risk to stratify a heterogeneous AD patient population for treatment is research priority for successful clinical trial design. Who will benefit from antiseizure interventions, which one, and when should it begin?
Do Waveforms Matter? Yes They Do! A Case in Point
Authors: Kralec Jessica
Published: October 2020

A 38-year-old G1P0 presented to the Vascular Lab at 32 weeks gestation for evaluation of persistent left lower extremity edema. The patient reported a 1-month history of left leg pain and swelling after a long car trip. Of note, she had 3 negative lower extremity ultrasounds at outside imaging facilities over the previous 6 weeks. Left lower extremity venous duplex was performed with B-mode, color, power, and spectral Doppler using a linear 12-3 MHz transducer and curvilinear 5-1 MHz transducer. Images were documented using Intersocietal Accreditation Commission Vascular Testing (IAC VT) protocol. Left lower extremity duplex revealed continuous flow in the bilateral common femoral veins. Right common iliac and external iliac vein Doppler waveforms demonstrated spontaneous and phasic flow. Left proximal common iliac and external iliac veins revealed continuous flow. Acute, occlusive deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was identified in the left distal common iliac vein. The left common iliac vein was enlarged, measuring 2.2 cm compared with the contralateral common iliac vein measuring 1.4 cm. Ultrasonographic infrainguinal demonstration of acute DVT is straightforward and usually achievable with standard ICA VT protocol. However, imaging of the proximal pelvic venous circulation can be more elusive, particularly in the pregnant patient. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the spectral Doppler waveforms and to investigate pelvic venous flow. Because of the sonographer’s attention to the common femoral waveforms, additional focused pelvic imaging was performed and located acute, occlusive iliac DVT as the cause of significant edema.
An Evaluation of the Channel Effect on Detecting the Preictal Stage in Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Bergil Erhan , Bozkurt Mehmet Recep , Oral Canan
Published: October 2020

Decreasing the processor load to an acceptable level challenges researchers as an important threshold in the study of real-time detection and the prediction of epileptic seizures. The main methods in overcoming this problem are feature selection, dimension reduction, and electrode selection. This study is an evaluation of the performances of EEG signals, obtained from different channels in the detection processes of epileptic stages, in epileptic individuals. In particular, it aimed to analyze the separation levels of preictal periods from other periods and to evaluate the effects of the electrode selection on seizure prediction studies. The EEG signals belong to 14 epileptic patients. A feature set was formed for each patient using 20 features widely used in epilepsy studies. The number of features was decreased to 8 using principal component analysis. The reduced feature set was divided into testing and training data, using the cross-validation method. The testing data were classified with linear discriminant analysis and the results of the classification were evaluated individually for each patient and channel. Variability of up to 29.48 % was observed in the average of classification accuracy due to the selection of channels.
A Qualitative Community Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Sexual Gender Minority Young Adults: Principles for Strategies to Motivate Action(s) for Realistic Tasks (SMART Thinking) Addressing HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse
Authors: Jeremiah Rohan , Taylor Brian , Castillo Amparo , Garcia Veronica
Published: October 2020

HIV/STI, substance use, and mental health issues disproportionately affect racial/ethnic sexual minority young adults. These health vulnerabilities intensify across the life course, most notably when young adults are independent college students. To identify the perspectives of racial/ethnic sexual gender minorities living on or near an urban university, we implemented an intersectionality-informed SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis, as a qualitative community assessment situated within in a campus-community setting. The community needs assessment was the first step in the strategic prevention framework (SPF) to co-locate substance abuse, mental health, viral hepatitis, and HIV prevention care services for Latinx and Black/African American sexual gender minority young adults at a minority-serving institution. The SWOT analysis identified principles for selecting, adapting, and implementing an evidence-based intervention. The significance of these principles demonstrates the value of intersectionality in evidence-based interventions to influence health education and behavior among racial/ethnic sexual gender minorities.
Outcomes of Surgical Management of Intraosseous Ganglia of the Carpal Bones: A Case Series
Authors: Zelenski Nicole A. , Corona Jacqueline , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: October 2020

Background

Intraosseous ganglia of the carpal bones are uncommon with sparse publications to guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to review a single-institution experience to determine the outcomes of patients with surgically treated intraosseous carpal ganglia.

Methods

Skeletally mature patients with intraosseous carpal ganglia between 1995 and 2016 treated operatively were identified. Demographic information, clinical data, and radiographic studies were evaluated.

Results

Thirty-three ganglia in 31 patients were identified. Intraosseous ganglia were located in the lunate (23), scaphoid (9), and trapezoid (1). Patients who presented with pathologic fracture or collapse had larger intraosseus ganglia than those presenting with pain alone. Surgery significantly improved pain. Patients treated with debridement with autograft bone graft had a higher consolidation rate compared with allograft bone but no difference in pain.

Conclusions

Patients with large or symptomatic lesions can be treated successfully with curettage and debridement, which leads to relief of pain. The use of bone grafting remains controversial.
Dose-Response Analysis of Exposure to Arsenic in Drinking Water and Risk of Skin Lesions: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Zunarelli Carlotta , Borron Claire
Published: October 2020

Background:

Exposure to high arsenic concentrations in drinking water has been associated with skin lesions. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review of studies on skin lesions and arsenic exposure, with emphasis on results at low level of exposure.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting estimates of either prevalence or risk of skin lesions associated with exposure to more than 2 levels of arsenic in drinking water. We reviewed and abstracted the relevant results, with the aim of conducting a dose-response meta-analysis.

Results:

Nine studies of skin lesions were reviewed. Strong heterogeneity in the results did not meet the criteria for performing a meta-analysis. The relative risks for an increase of 10 μg/L arsenic in drinking water ranged from 1.002 to 1.140 (p-value of heterogeneity < 0.0001). Protection from bias and confounding was inadequate in most studies.

Conclusion:

Current studies are inadequate to conduct meta-analysis on dose-response relationship between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and skin lesions. Studies with complete exposure histories indicate skin lesions are associated with arsenic exposure in excess of 50 µg/L or higher.
Endovascular management of critical hand ischemia by ‘palmar arch loop’ technique
Authors: Singh Amit , Kumar Neeraj , Jain Ajitesh P , Verma Rakesh , Krishna Vinay
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Critical hand ischemia with advancing gangrene of digits requires urgent intervention to salvage as much tissue as possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of “palmar arch loop” technique for endovascular management of critical hand ischemia by establishing inline flow to the palmar arch via both radial artery and ulnar artery, in patients with failed antegrade recanalization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series evaluating the efficacy of “palmar arch loop” technique, with retrograde percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the involved radial artery and/or ulnar artery.

Material and methods

We retrospectively investigated 10 patients (60% female; mean age 42 ± 18 years; mean time of presentation post-acute event 24 ± 11 days) with critical hand ischemia undergoing endovascular intervention using “palmar arch loop” technique at a single center in northern India between April 2017 and March 2019. All patients were followed up at regular intervals (weekly for a month, fortnightly for 3 months, and then at 6 and 12 months) with clinical assessment and SpO2 measurement. Study end points were technical success rate, hand healing, and primary patency rate at one year.

Results

Causes for critical hand ischemia were iatrogenic injuries due to inadvertent intra-arterial injection in 50% ( n = 5) and thromboembolic events in 50% patients ( n = 5). Vessels involved were: both radial artery and ulnar artery along with the PA in 50%; radial artery and palmar arch in 30%; ulnar artery and palmar arch in 20%. All of them had total occlusion of the involved vessel (>2/3rd of total length) with occlusion/diffuse disease of palmar arch as well; 70% technical success rate was achieved ensuring inflow to palmar arch via both the arteries with improved flow distally to the common and proper digital arteries. Retrograde percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of radial artery in 50% ( n = 5) and ulnar artery in 20% ( n = 2) was done successfully by looping the guidewire across the palmar arch; 90% showed subjective improvement in pain with healing of the lesions and/or formation of clear line of demarcation with reversal of pregangrenous changes proximally. Out of the eight patients with gangrene of fingers, three underwent minor amputation of the gangrenous digits and five underwent auto-amputation of the gangrenous tissue with complete healing of the stump. Primary patency rate was 85.7% at one year. There was no access site-related complication or mortality in the follow-up period.

Conclusions

Endovascular management of critical hand ischemia by “palmar arch loop” technique is an efficient technique to deal with occluded forearm vessels, particularly when antegrade recanalization fails. This technique, with good technical success and patency rates, is potentially a unique tool in the endovascular armamentarium for salvaging hand.
Relational professional identity: How do pharmacy students see themselves in relation to others?
Authors: Neubert Alexandra , Kellar Jamie , Miller Daniel , Kulasegaram Kulamakan (Mahan) , Paradis Elise
Published: October 2020

Background:

As the pharmacy profession moves towards patient-centred care, pharmacy schools have updated their curricula to prepare students for a full scope of practice. A critical objective of the new curricula is the professional socialization of pharmacy students into relational aspects of the profession: how pharmacists should interact with patients and other health care professionals. Through an examination of how one cohort of pharmacy students perceives its relationship to patients and physicians, this study aims to determine how these relational aspects of professional identity evolve with time spent in the program.

Methods:

At 3 time points over a 2-year period, pharmacy students were asked to detail in writing how they would communicate with a physician concerning a hypothetical drug allergy scenario. A directed content analysis of their responses was conducted based on 3 main analytic categories: patient-centredness, physician collaboration and physician deference. These categories were further divided into 6 subcategories that were used as the variables for analysis. Statistical analyses examined longitudinal group trends for these variables.

Results:

Over the 2 years of observation, an examination of the proportion of messages demonstrating the subcategories of interest showed that the only measure of the pharmacy students’ relational professional identity that changed significantly over time occurred for the perception of a sense of shared care for the patient. All other aspects of their relational identity were stagnant and did not change as they progressed through training (χ2; 12.772, df = 2, p < 0.002).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the relational professional identity of participants was poorly developed with regards to both patients and physicians. Pharmacy educators must reexamine the methods currently being employed to foster students’ professional identity development to ensure that new graduates are prepared to meet the challenges of a changing scope of practice. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
Balancing cognitive and environmental constraints when deciding to switch tasks: Exploring self-reported task-selection strategies in self-organised multitasking
Authors: Mittelstädt Victor , Schaffernak Insa , Miller Jeff , Kiesel Andrea
Published: October 2020

We investigated how people balance cognitive constraints (switch costs) against environmental constraints (stimulus availabilities) to optimise their voluntary task switching performance and explored individual differences in their switching behaviour. Specifically, in a self-organised task-switching environment, the stimulus needed for a task repetition was delayed by a stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) that increased with each consecutive repetition until a task switch reset the SOA. As predicted, participants switched tasks when the SOA in task switches approximately matched their individual switch costs and thus they optimised local task performance. Interestingly, self-reports (confirmed by behavioural switching patterns) revealed two individual strategies: some participants ( N = 34) indicated to guide their task selection behaviour based on preplanned task sequences over several trials, whereas others ( N = 42) indicated to primarily decide on a trial-by-trial basis whether to switch or to repeat tasks. Exploration of switching behaviour based on the two strategy groups revealed additional insights into how people achieved adaptive task selection behaviour in this task environment. Overall, the present findings suggest that individuals select tasks with the aim of improving task performance when dealing with multiple task requirements, but they differ in their preferred individual task selection strategies.
Trait anxiety does not correlate with metacognitive confidence or reminder usage in a delayed intentions task
Authors: Kirk Peter A , Robinson Oliver J , Gilbert Sam J
Published: October 2020

Setting external reminders provides a convenient way to reduce cognitive demand and ensure accurate retrieval of information for prospective tasks. Recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that the decision to offload cognitive information to external resources is guided by metacognitive belief, that is, individuals’ confidence in their unaided ability. Other work has also suggested a relationship between metacognitive belief and trait anxiety. In the present study ( N = 300), we bridged these two areas by investigating whether trait anxiety correlated with metacognitive belief and—consequently—propensity to offload information in a delayed intentions paradigm. Participants received a financial reward based on their ability to remember targets. However, participants could take a reduced reward per target if they decided to use reminders. We replicated previous findings that participants were biased to use more reminders than would be optimal, and this bias was correlated with metacognitive judgements. However, we show no evidence that trait anxiety held a relationship with metacognitive belief or reminder usage. Indeed, Bayesian analyses strongly favoured the null. Therefore, variation in self-reported trait anxiety does not necessarily influence confidence and strategy when participants remember delayed intentions.
IMU gyroscopes are a valid alternative to 3D optical motion capture system for angular kinematics analysis in tennis
Authors: Delgado-García Gabriel , Vanrenterghem Jos , Ruiz-Malagón Emilio J , Molina-García Pablo , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Soto-Hermoso Víctor Manuel
Published: October 2020

Whereas 3D optical motion capture (OMC) systems are considered the gold standard for kinematic assessment in sport science, they present some drawbacks that limit its use in the field. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) incorporating gyroscopes have been considered as a more practical alternative. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the level of agreement for angular velocity between IMU gyroscopes and an OMC system for varying tennis strokes and intensities. In total, 240 signals of angular velocity from different body segments and types of strokes (forehand, backhand and service) were recorded from four players (two competition players and two beginners). The angular velocity of the IMU gyroscopes was compared to the angular velocity from the OMC system. Level of agreement was evaluated by correlation coefficients, magnitudes of errors in absolute and relative values and Bland-Altman plots. Differences between both systems were highly consistent within players’ skill (i.e. along the broad range of velocities) and axes ( x, y, z). Correlations ranged from 0.951 to 0.993, indicating a very strong relationship and concordance. The magnitude of the differences ranged from 4.4 to 35.4 deg·s−1. The difference relative to the maximum angular velocity achieved was less than 5.0%. The study concluded that IMUs and OMC systems showed comparable values. Thus, IMUs seem to be a valid alternative to detect meaningful differences in angular velocity during tennis groundstrokes in field-based experimentation.
The potential of lasmiditan in migraine
Authors: Mecklenburg Jasper , Raffaelli Bianca , Neeb Lars , Sanchez del Rio Margarita , Reuter Uwe
Published: October 2020

Lasmiditan, a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F (5-HT1F) agonist, is the first drug in its class and is lacking triptan-like vasoactive properties. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved lasmiditan for the acute treatment of migraine in adults based on positive results of two pivotal phase III trials, which showed a significant difference to placebo in the proportion of patients achieving total migraine freedom within 2 h. More patients with lasmiditan achieved headache freedom and, in addition, freedom from the most bothersome symptom, that is, photophobia, than with placebo. Treatment-related side effects seem to be related to the rapid penetration of the drug into the brain and include dizziness, paresthesia and drowsiness, mostly of mild to moderate intensity. Interim results from an ongoing long-term phase III trial suggest a decrease in the frequency of adverse events after multiple lasmiditan use. Lasmiditan is a promising acute anti-migraine therapy, in particular for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, contraindications, or unwanted side effects to triptans.
Proposed Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Care of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Jankovic Ivana , Basina Marina
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected patients with diabetes. Mounting evidence has shown that adequate inpatient glycemic control may decrease the risk of mortality. In critically ill patients, insulin drips are the most effective means of controlling blood glucose. However, resource limitations such as the availability of protective equipment and nursing time have discouraged the use of insulin drips during COVID-19. In this commentary, we review existing evidence on the importance of glycemic control in COVID-19 patients with diabetes and propose a protocol for utilizing continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) to improve glycemic control by decreasing the need for bedside management in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
A Novel Pterocarpan Derivative From the Roots of Sophora flavescens
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Jun , Li Guo-Xian , Liu Dan , Chen Xuan-Qin , Li Hong-Mei , Li Rong-Tao
Published: October 2020

Flavescensin A (1), a novel rearrangement derivative of pterocarpan with an unusual spirotetrahydrofuran ring, along with 7 known pterocarpans were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens using several different chromatographic separations. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by their nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined on the basis of electronic circular dichroism data. Putative biosynthetic pathway toward 1 was proposed. In addition, all of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities.
Efficacy of posaconazole prophylaxis in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with hypomethylating agents
Authors: Kang Ka-Won , Lee Byung-Hyun , Jeon Min Ji , Yu Eun Sang , Sik Kim Dae , Lee Se Ryeon , Sung Hwa Jung , Choi Chul Won , Park Yong , Kim Byung Soo
Published: October 2020

Background:

Although many acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients have been treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) as a substitute for intensive chemotherapy in recent years, the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and the efficacy of posaconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in these patients are not well known to date.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 280 AML and MDS patients treated with HMAs to identify IFI incidence and posaconazole efficacy as antifungal prophylaxis in these patients.

Results:

The overall incidence of probable or proven IFIs was 7.9% (22/280 patients): 11.5% in the no-use group (17/148 patients) and 3.8% in the posaconazole group (5/132 patients). Most IFIs occurred during the early cycles of the HMAs (median: 3 cycles; range: 1–8 cycles), especially in patients who had neutropenia or did not respond to HMAs. Posaconazole significantly lowered IFI incidence compared with that in the no-use group in univariate and multivariate analyses. Moreover, patients who had reduced liver function at HMA initiation, were treated with decitabine therapy, and did not respond to HMA chemotherapy were independently associated with a higher IFI risk. In subgroup analysis, posaconazole appeared to be more beneficial for patients with good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score or liver function at HMA initiation.

Conclusion:

Thus, in AML and MDS patients receiving HMAs, IFI risk may be high during the early cycles, especially when the underlying disease is not controlled. Posaconazole could represent antifungal prophylaxis in these patients; further studies are needed for its appropriate indications.
The CSN COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Authors: Nesrallah Gihad , Gilmour Loreen , Levin Adeera , Mustafa Reem , Soroka Steven , Zimmerman Deborah
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in caring for individuals living with kidney disease. In response to a growing call for up-to-date information and evidence-informed advice, the Canadian Society of Nephrology has established a COVID-19 Rapid Response Team that will leverage existing evidence and national expertise to inform kidney care practices in the COVID-19 era. Given limited published evidence and compressed timelines, formal clinical practice guidelines are not feasible, and we have adopted rapid review methods to instead provide interim guidance across identified priority areas. In this article, we describe the methodological approach that was applied in developing a first iteration of guidance documents addressing clinical and operational aspects of care for patients treated with in-center hemodialysis, home dialysis, those with advanced chronic kidney disease, those with glomerulonephritis, and those with acute kidney injury. We further describe strategies for maintaining ongoing engagement with the renal community to elicit emerging needs and perspectives as the situation unfolds.
Depression among ethnic minority elderly in the Central Highlands, Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Lan Nguyen , Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen
Published: October 2020

This cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among 110 ethnic minority elderly in Kon Tum city, Vietnam. Depression was assessed using 30-items Geriatric Depression Scale. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with depression. The prevalence of depression among participants was 25.5%. All were classified as mild depression level. Depression was significantly associated with age, gender, educational level, chronic diseases, stressful life events in the past 12 months, and family history of depression. These risk factors can help formulate effective public health programs to improve mental health among ethnic minority elderly.
“I Wish I was Wearing a Filter Right Now”: An Exploration of Identity Formation and Subjectivity of 10- and 11-Year Olds’ Social Media Use
Authors: Pescott Claire Kathryn
Published: October 2020

Social media use is changing the experience of socialization for younger children, as they are heavy adopters of these platforms despite the terms of service being 13 years of age. This research recruited eight Year 6 focus groups in four primary schools and employed a range of activities to explore their views surrounding social media. Results indicate that young children are aware of overt dangers, such as catfishing, but may experience negative subjective experiences when interacting on social media. This was particularly apparent in the discussions around Snapchat filters (digital overlays placed over photographs). It is necessary to address emotional resilience in response to this.
Does the Presence of Chondral Lesions Negatively Affect Patient-Determined Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Baumgarten Keith M. , Chang Peter S. , Schweinle Will E.
Published: October 2020

Background:

There are limited data available to guide patients to their prognosis when glenohumeral chondral lesions are found during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Hypothesis:

The primary hypothesis was that patients with glenohumeral chondral lesions will have inferior outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair compared with patients without chondral lesions. The secondary hypothesis was that patients with concomitant chondral lesions will have more severe preoperative symptoms compared with those without chondral lesions.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2008 and 2012. We examined the effects of chondral lesions on patient-determined outcomes, which included the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and the Shoulder Activity Level (SAL). Shoulders without chondral lesions were compared with shoulders with chondral lesions to determine whether differences in severity of preoperative symptoms as well as postoperative improvements were statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 281 shoulders were included from 273 patients, with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. In total, 90 shoulders (32%) had concomitant chondral lesions in the glenohumeral joint. The presence and degree of chondral damage were not associated with the severity of preoperative symptoms or the amount of improvement after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, as determined by patient outcome scores. Shoulders with bipolar chondral lesions had less postoperative improvement in their outcome scores compared with shoulders with unipolar lesions, with significant differences found in the SST ( P = .0005), the SANE ( P = .005), and the SAL ( P = .04). Regardless of this, the majority of shoulders with bipolar chondral lesions (80%-92%) had postoperative improvements that superseded the minimal clinically important difference of the ASES, WORC, and SANE.

Conclusion:

At a mean 3.7-year follow-up, the presence of chondral damage did not appear to negatively affect the improvement in patient-determined outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. However, improvement in outcomes was negatively affected by the presence of bipolar chondral lesions.
Upper Extremity Pain and Overuse Injuries in Fly-Fishing: A North American Cross-Sectional Survey and Implications for Injury Prevention
Authors: Kuhn Andrew W. , Kuhn John E.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Fly-fishing requires rhythmic, coordinated movements to successfully cast a fly line. Previous studies have shown that the biomechanical demands of fly-casting may cause some individuals to develop upper extremity pain or injuries.

Purpose:

To report the rates, trends, and contributing factors of upper extremity pain and overuse injuries in a sample of North American recreational fly-fishers.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Participants were reached via 3 popular online fly-fishing forums in April 2019. Each consenting North American participant over 18 years of age was given a link to a unique survey that recorded his or her demographic and orthopaedic histories, fly-fishing experience, equipment, casting techniques, upper extremity pain after fly-fishing, and chronic outcomes.

Results:

The 162 fly-fishers included were 63.3 (± 11.5) years of age, and 95.1% were men. In total, 59 (36.4%) reported experiencing upper extremity pain immediately after fly-fishing. Pain was rated a 4.0 (interquartile range, 3.0-6.0) on a 10-point Likert scale, commonly lasting less than 1 day (45.0%) or between 1 day and 1 week (45.0%). The majority (62.7%) reported not needing to see a medical provider for their pain/soreness. Those who did most commonly received diagnoses of elbow or rotator cuff tendinitis. Pain/soreness was associated with casting in an elliptical/sidearm fashion, compared with overhead or 2-handed casting ( P = .006) using a weighted line or added weight (split-shot, weighted heads, etc) ( P = .034) and with grip styles where the hand was pronated compared with being in a more neutral position ( P = .046). The mean shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 10.8 (± 11.5). Higher scores were associated with a history of self-reported upper extremity orthopaedic injuries (B = 6.059 [95% CI, 2.476-9.642]; SE, 1.814; P = .001) and having had surgery for these injuries (B = 8.484 [95% CI, 4.454-12.513]; SE, 0.314; P < .001).

Conclusion:

In this sample of recreational fly-fishers, no aspects of fly-fishing were associated with long-term upper extremity disability, and only a little more than a third reported having transient pain immediately after fishing. Casting style, using weighted lines or added weight, and grip style were all associated with pain. These are modifiable risk factors that can be adjusted to reduce the risk of upper extremity pain immediately after fly-fishing.