bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney-Targeted Renalase Agonist Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Regulated Necrosis and Inflammation
Authors: Guo Xiaojia , Xu Leyuan , Velazquez Heino , Chen Tian-Min , Williams Ryan M. , Heller Daniel A. , Burtness Barbara , Safirstein Robert , Desir Gary V.
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for multiple solid tumors but its nephrotoxicity limits its clinical use. In this study in a mouse model, the researchers deliver an agonist peptide derived from renalase (RNLS), a secreted protein that enhances cell replication and decreases inflammation, specifically to the proximal tubule, the site of maximum renal damage induced by cisplatin. They provide evidence that this targeted delivery of the peptide (via encapsulation in mesoscale nanoparticles) protected against the development of cisplatin-mediated CKD, and that RNLS acts by inhibiting both regulated cell death and the proinflammatory state of CKD. These findings suggest that such an approach might provide a way to mitigate the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin and thus broaden its therapeutic efficacy in otherwise sensitive tumors.

Background

Repeated administration of cisplatin causes CKD. In previous studies, we reported that the kidney-secreted survival protein renalase (RNLS) and an agonist peptide protected mice from cisplatin-induced AKI.

Methods

To investigate whether kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS might prevent cisplatin-induced CKD in a mouse model, we achieved specific delivery of a RNLS agonist peptide (RP81) to the renal proximal tubule by encapsulating the peptide in mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs). We used genetic deletion of RNLS, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and Western blotting to determine efficacy and to explore underlying mechanisms. We also measured plasma RNLS in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy.

Results

In mice with CKD induced by cisplatin, we observed an approximate 60% reduction of kidney RNLS; genetic deletion of RNLS was associated with significantly more severe cisplatin-induced CKD. In this severe model of cisplatin-induced CKD, systemic administration of MNP-encapsulated RP81 (RP81-MNP) significantly reduced CKD as assessed by plasma creatinine and histology. It also decreased inflammatory cytokines in plasma and inhibited regulated necrosis in kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that RP81-MNP preserved epithelial components of the nephron and the vasculature and suppressed inflammatory macrophages and myofibroblasts. In patients receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy, plasma RNLS levels trended lower at day 14 post-treatment.

Conclusions

Kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS agonist RP81-MNP protects against cisplatin-induced CKD by decreasing cell death and improving the viability of the renal proximal tubule. These findings suggest that such an approach might mitigate the development of CKD in patients receiving cisplatin cancer chemotherapy.
Propuesta para la disminución del riesgo en el otorgamiento de crédito. Un estudio de caso en el sector salud colombiano
Authors: López Rodríguez Campo Elías , Cruz-Linares Judy Katherine
Published: December 2021

El riesgo de crédito ocupa un rol importante en la gerencia financiera de las organizaciones, debido a que está relacionado con la posibilidad del no pago de las obligaciones adquiridas por los clientes y a su vez a la mitigación de este para garantizar la liquidez y sostenibilidad de la firma. A través de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo desde un análisis documental se identifica la situación actual del proceso de otorgamiento de crédito en una empresa del sector salud, y de forma longitudinal se desarrolla un seguimiento periódico posterior a la implementación de la propuesta. Los resultados determinan que a partir de la definición e implementación de políticas de crédito la estructura de la cartera por edades mejora disminuyendo la concentración en las más altas, adicionalmente aumenta el recaudo y se disminuye el exceso en límites de crédito. Se concluye a partir de esta implementación que una de las principales bases para obtener bienestar financiero en las organizaciones es la definición de políticas de crédito eficientes, que permitan perfilar adecuadamente a los clientes, encontrando perfiles con muy buen respaldo y oportunidad en los pagos.
CHINESE PHILOSOPHY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Youren Liu , Zub Anatoly T. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the differences between the philosophical traditions of the West and the East. Among the foundations of Chinese philosophy, the main categories of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism are differentiated and separately presented. The understanding of this difference gives us the key to several mysteries in the development of Chinese society and to the understanding of how traditional Chinese philosophy affects interpersonal relations in modern China. In particular, the article discusses the concept of ancient Chinese ethics as the basis for religious and scientific views of traditional and modern Chinese society. In addition, the article indicates that the human-centered Chinese morality, oriented outside of human experience, determines the relationship between people and the outside world. The paper also provides a comparison of Christian and Chinese ethics. Since people are one of the most important factors of governance, it makes sense to understand how differently people behave in different countries. The study was conducted with the use of comparative analysis and document research methods. Reflecting on interpersonal relations through ancient Chinese philosophical thoughts, the authors try to explain the problem of Needham (The Great Question) and interpret the modern meaning of the philosophy of science using the philosophical truth of modern interpersonal relations. From this point of view, the thoughts contained in the article are of interest and novelty. In the context of researching Needham’s problem, the authors compare socio-political and religious traditions in China and Europe. The paper also discusses the guanxi mystery — the basis of social and business relationships that have a «quasi-family» trusting nature. In addition, when discussing the peculiarities of modern business relations, the text unfolds the mystery of mianzi, which determines the understanding of reputation and human dignity. From the point of view of philosophy, human is the first of the motivations in science, as well as one of the most important factors of influence in modern management, the authors try to investigate the characteristics of humanity of different countries in order to explain the behavior of people. The study also provides a basis for studying the role of the human factor in governance.
Human-dimension systems of information society and risks of social relations regress
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Okonskaya Natalia K. , Vnutskikh Alexander Yu. ,   Perm State University,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Brylina Irina V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

The development of human-dimension systems (e.g. «human–technique»systems) is supposed to play the most important role in the further evolution of society in the context of informatization. However, the risk-generating potential of these systems significantly exceeds the risks of socio-technical systems characteristic of industrial society due to the exponentially rapid development of so-called «dangerous knowledge». On the one hand, information technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for human creativity. On the other hand, a significant majority of people still use them as passive consumers. They are ready to automate not only some aspects of professional activity but also interpersonal interactions, i.e. a conscious component of social relations. This means that we are losing consciousness of individual life and social processes. We are less and less willing to make reflexive efforts. This leads to a «virtual objectification» of person, a loss of identity, reduces person to the state of an element of the network mechanism, unwilling and unable to deeply understand and comprehend social relations. «Artificial virtuality» displaces the «natural virtuality» of individual and social consciousness. Since in the current sociocultural context, information technology can destroy a person’s capacity for such understanding and comprehension, we consider knowledge associated with information technology to be potentially «dangerous». We see a response to this challenge in the following. Firstly, it is necessary to develop a scientific concept of consciousness as essentially autonomous and not reducible to its material foundations. Secondly, education should be developed in the direction of «Writing and Thinking» technology, which forms the competence of reflective, critical and systematic thinking.
THE DARK TETRAD OF PERSONALITY: REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH
Authors:   Perm State University, Derish Fedor V.
Published: December 2021

Recent studies of socially aversive (negative) personality traits have focused on the expansion of different concepts and models. As a result, there emerged the Dark Tetrad personality model (which includes Machiavellianism, subclinical psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism). The paper provides a review of current works on the Dark Tetrad of personality. According to recent research, everyday sadism is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to purposefully humiliate people, causing physical, sexual or psychological suffering for the sake of pleasure. Similar manifestations of everyday sadism and the Dark Triad are antisocial behavior in everyday life and on the Internet. Everyday sadism is the best predictor of various features: deviant behavior in adolescents, affective and cognitive empathy, unprovoked aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and counterproductive work behavior. Sadism and psychopathy have the «darkest» properties. In general, the results of the studies demonstrate that (1) sadism leads to greater stability of the Dark Tetrad as a complex of personality traits, (2) all of the «dark» properties overlap empirically and theoretically, and (3) the Dark Core is described by empathy deficit (callousness) and manipulativeness rather than other characteristics (e.g. Factor 1 of psychopathy).
Digital sociology for exploring digital society
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dobrinskaya Daria E.
Published: December 2021

The advent of the digital age has become a serious challenge for researchers in various fields of scientific knowledge. Among others, this refers to sociology, which tried to give an adequate answer to the question of how the world is changing. The purpose of this article is to outline the contours of a new sociological field — digital sociology, which has been actively developing in recent years. The article provides an overview of Russian and international studies that have contributed to the formation of the scope of research and research objectives of digital sociology. It focuses on digital society, which appears due to the development and implementation of modern technological infrastructure represented by key digital technologies (communication networks, big data technologies, algorithms and complex algorithmic systems, platforms, artificial intelligence technologies, cloud computing, augmented and virtual reality technologies, etc.). This extremely complex infrastructure has a decisive influence on the emergence of new social practices, on identity, on the everyday life of both the individual and society as a whole. Digital sociology aims to theorize critically about digitalization, datafication, algorithmization, and platformization, and to determine the social implications of these processes. Moreover, digital sociology offers a range of methodological techniques and tools based on digital technologies that provide new possibilities for quantitative and qualitative sociological research. Digital sociology is also seen as a professional sociological practice which includes teaching the discipline, carrying out scientific communications, and sharing the results of sociologists’ scientific work.
REHABILITATION ENVIRONMENT FOR THE DISABLED: CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT IN SOCIOLOGY
Authors:   Perm State University, Grigoreva Milana I.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the research approaches applied in sociology and the ideas of authors from other fields of scientific knowledge with regard to the problem of people with disabilities and understanding of the essence of the rehabilitation environment for them. The humanization of modern society, its orientation towards the development and activation of weakly protected social groups, traditionally considered discriminated, requires, in this regard, a rethinking of scientific approaches to the problem of the disabled and the creation of full-fledged living conditions for their functioning, including the possibility of timely reception of social services and rehabilitation technologies within the framework of rehabilitation environment. The practical absence of the concept of «rehabilitation environment for a disabled person» in modern sociological science enables us to conduct an appropriate analysis and substantiate the essence of this category based on the structural-functional, institutional, systemic, constructivist, phenomenological, and other approaches. Following the results of this analysis, we present the levels and structure of the rehabilitation environment for people with disabilities, formulate its main functions and principles, and also determine the internal and external factors that influence its functioning. We conclude that the rehabilitation environment for a disabled person is the interaction of various forms of social and rehabilitation relations based on the presence of special conditions and resources for the implementation of vital needs and rehabilitation requests focused on the actualization of the rehabilitation potential, on a decent quality of life. The main elements of the rehabilitation environment are rehabilitation institutions at different levels of management (macro-, meso-, microlevel) with clearly expressed functions of subject-object regulation, etc.
NORMATIVE VALUE OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PROCREATION
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Sidorova Tatiana A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the approaches and methods used when studying procreation, which is understood to mean human reproduction in the value-based aspects. The latest trends in childbearing are becoming the subject of not only demography but also various studies in social sciences and humanities. In scientific and mundane discourses, the term «reproduction» prevails in the designation of procreation. The concept of «procreation» is appropriate to use in the axiological approach since it contains an indication of the ways of understanding (description, cognition, designation in language and discourse) human reproduction included in the process of creation, not production, of man. The emphasis on the value-semantic determinism of procreation allows us to note the correlation what and how is studied about childbearing and the way the obtained knowledge affects reproductive aspirations and intentions. There are distinguished pronatal and antenatal orientations in the methodological approaches to the study of modern procreative processes. Procreative understanding is associated with a pronatal position in the motivation and social regulation of childbearing. The author concludes about normative value of different approaches and methods in research for procreation. Scientific discourse normalizes the perception of the latest trends in the childbearing area. The article indicates that qualitative methods in the study of procreation are in demand since they allow one to describe the dynamic and subjective moments in its phenomena and do not lay claim to the universality of the established patterns, which corresponds to the recognition of cultural conditioning and value-based dependence in demographic processes. The paper critically assesses the idea of universality of rationalization criteria in the study of childbirth, which is widespread among demographers. When proceeding from the idea of a value-based determination of procreation, it is necessary to take into account and normalize irrational factors in the motivation of childbearing.
FRAMES OF EVERYDAY PROCREATIVE DISCOURSE IN MODERN CULTURE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Sandakova Lyudmila B.
Published: December 2021

The phenomenological tradition in humanities and social studies everyday life as a sphere where the norms of human existence are formed, tested, and consolidated. In this respect, procreative discourse is of interest because this sphere reproduces man as actor and creator of culture. In addition, this sphere is under the increased influence of modern biotechnology. Research in this field faces some difficulties associated with methodological diversity and interdisciplinary dialogue. The article attempts to structure contemporary everyday procreative discourse by identifying basic worldview frames. Frame analysis appears to be a productive research tool for dealing with polyphonic discourse in the field of procreation. The article identifies and interprets the systems of worldview frames: explanatory, axiological-normative and attitude-centered frames. The main content and semantic components of these systems are outlined in the article. The proliferation of institutional and theoretical discourses into everyday procreative discourse is shown, their creative interpretation by discourse participants is discussed. The paper puts forward an assumption that the idea of the value of childhood, characteristic of postfigurative (according to M. Mead) types of culture, is connected with antinatal frames of attitude. Emergence of new social practices, crisis of explanatory and axiological-normative systems of frames, as well as their competition for authority in discourse, create ethically tense zones. As such, the practices of ART, reproductive law and family-role relations stand out in contemporary society.
THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE REHABILITANT’S PERSONALITY AS CONCEIVED BY TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zotova Varvara A. , Litinskaya Jinna G. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the ideas about the subjectivity of the rehabilitant’s personality in terms of approaches to the treatment of alcoholism used by various temperance movements. Following the definition offered by R.M. Voitenko, the authors use the term «rehabilitant» to denote the an aid recipient in the rehabilitation process. The article compares how the subjectivity of a person undergoing rehabilitation is perceived in traditional narcology, in Alcoholics Anonymous, in the Union of Approval and Preservation of Sobriety «Sober Ural» (Shichko’s methodology), and in the People’s Sobriety Organization of the Sverdlovsk region (Sverdlovsk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church). The research focuses on the concept of «subjectivity». A hypothesis is formulated that the conceptual attitude towards a rehabilitant embedded in the paradigm of a particular treatment method directly affects the success of therapy. The hypothesis is based on the socio-philosophical uncertainty that arose around the discussion on the influence of the rehabilitant’s personality and the influence of medicine taken by the rehabilitant during the illness and treatment for alcoholism. The authors draw attention to the problem that the traditional narcological approach causes desubjectification of rehabilitants, which leads to a decrease in the treatment success. At the same time, the practical activities of various temperance movements are also differentiated depending on the paradigm of the rehabilitant’s subjectivity laid down at the ideological level. Using comparative analysis, the authors come to a conclusion that the ideology of some temperance movements is based on the rejection of the rehabilitant’s personal subjectivity in order to form, to a certain extent, the subjectivity of a group, a collective. The theoretical possibility of forming a collective subject allows a new view of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of addiction treatment and represents a methodological «bridge» to explain the phenomenon of the territories of sobriety.
NON-CLASSICAL SUBJECT OF VISION. PART II
Authors:   Perm State University, Komarov Sergey V. , Lumpova Maria A. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The article is a continuation of the previous article Non-Classical Subject of Vision. Part I and is devoted to the analysis of the eventivity of a non-classical subject. The analysis of non-classical subjectivity in the article is based on the three-part mechanism of the power of distance, power of gaze and power of memory proposed by W. Benjamin. The concept of the image as a mediator through which the subject regains the lost distance with the world is discussed. The article deals with the concepts of the non-classical subject of visuality by J.-P. Sartre and G. Didi-Huberman as different types of transformation of the power of gaze and the role of memory in non-classical vision. Important elements of the concept of «scanty image» by J.-P. Sartre are analyzed: criticism of the naive understanding of the immanence of consciousness and the world, criticism of images as a weak copy of the object of observation, the development of a specific givenness of a thing in an image through its distant present absence. It is shown that the theory of «scanty image» breaks the unreal objects of visual consciousness and the sensually perceived world into two poles that are not connected with each other. Therefore, in Sartre’s concept, the relationship with the world — both in visual and sensory comprehension of reality, turns out to be problematic. In the theory of G. Didi-Huberman, built on the reorganization of the understanding of the aura in technically reproducible art, a deeper understanding of the image is given. The presence as well as the absence of things of the world do not appear as separate from each other, but turn out to be the dialectical unity of the game of near and far (Fort-Da). The article discusses this dialectical understanding of the relationship between the man and the world, which acts as an incessant rhythm of approaching and removing a visible object. In this eventful space of a vision (D. Joselit) turns a thing into a hybrid object, and the person appears as a flickering subject of vision.
EVERYDAY AND THEORETICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS OF HUMAN ESSENCE: PROBLEM STATEMENT
Authors:   Perm State University, Sukhoguzov Mikhail N.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the essence, trends in the development of everyday consciousness and theoretical consciousness, their relationship in the context of the global crisis of modern society. It is shown that this crisis has deep anthropological foundations and represents a crisis of human essence itself. From the perspective of materialistic understanding of history, it is obvious that, ultimately, it is the crisis of social being that provokes the crisis of everyday and theoretical levels of social consciousness. However, the Marxist theory also assumes the opposite effect — an essential activity of social consciousness in relation to social being. The author states that under contemporary conditions this reverse influence leads to «conservation» of social being in its forms that are inadequate to the latest challenges. The author’s hypothesis is that one of the factors restraining the development of society and overcoming the crisis is the deformation of everyday and theoretical consciousness and their relations. The article formulates the problem and identifies the main objectives of the study. The author believes that it is necessary to reveal the essence of everyday and theoretical consciousness as well as dialectics of their relation from methodological positions of modern materialism; to investigate the successes and failures of efforts aimed at purposeful «scientification» of everyday consciousness; to reveal the concrete manifestations of the deforming influence on the interaction of everyday and theoretical consciousness; to identify the concrete mechanisms by which the crisis of social being promotes the erosion of rational moments of everyday consciousness, the strengthening of illusory theorization of the society.
The Socio-Cultural Aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's Activities
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Mamkina Inna N.
Published: December 2021

The article draws attention to the sociocultural aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's activities in the early twentieth century. Historiographic analysis showed a research interest in the status of the Committee in the context of the organization of management of the Russian Empire's Eastern outskirts. Taking into account the broad powers of the Siberian Railway Committee, the author notes isolated studies of the social aspect in its activities. The aim of this publication is an attempt to create a holistic view of the activities of the Committee for the implementation of social tasks aimed at improving the life of railway employees at the TransBaikal section of the railway in the early twentieth century. The study was conducted on the basis of the documentation of the Siberian Railway Committee. A number of documents are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Based on the structural and functional approach, using a set of historical research methods, it has been revealed that, after the commissioning of the Trans-Baikal section of the Siberian Railway, considerable attention was paid to solve sociocultural problems aimed at improving the life of railway employees. The preparatory commission chaired by A.N. Kulomzina and the Main School Committee implemented social programs. The author has defined the procedure for the formation of the committee, its structure, and principles of its activity. For the first time, personal data of the school committee's members elected on the Trans-Baikal Railway are introduced into scholarly discourse. The information of the committee's activities of the opening and maintenance of primary schools at railway stations has been summarized. The obtained statistics convincingly prove the effectiveness of the committee in the field of school education. The author notes that the Siberian Railway Committee achieved a very successful development of the school network by applying administrative and financial efforts. The author, for the first time, provides data on the organization of libraries and public convocations for the employees on the Trans-Baikal Railway. She draws attention to the organization of medical care for the employees; establishes the organization order and types of medical institutions; generalizes information about the staff of hospitals and obstetric centers, and the number of patients. The author concludes that the Siberian Railway Committee had an organized and balanced approach to solving sociocultural problems that occupied an important place in its activities. The Siberian Railway Committee's social programs in a number of areas were ahead of those of other government departments.
Digital Health, COVID-19 Pandemic, and Cybersecurity Issues
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Klebanov Lev R. , Polubinskaya Svetlana V. ,   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on a wide range of cybersecurity issues related to the use of digital technologies in healthcare. Many countries are increasingly adopting digital innovations into their national health systems and therefore raise their cybersecurity risks. The number of cyberattacks on health care organizations is steadily increasing; and the COVID-19 pandemic, which has required more frequent use of digital technologies to address public health challenges, has also influenced the proliferation of criminal cyberattacks. The aim of the study was to describe the main types of criminal, mostly digital, risks for digital health and identify the most important ways to counteract them. The article includes an analysis of international and national regulatory documents, foreign scientific literature, reports of organizations dealing with cybersecurity issues. In preparing it, the authors used general and specific scientific methods including analysis, synthesis, formal and legal analysis, historical method, interdisciplinary research, and expert assessment. The authors conclude that the increasing use of digital technologies in health care, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, expands the number of targets for cybercriminals. Three main types of digital health criminal risks are identified: attacks on health care organizations, attacks on devices used for medical purposes, including those associated with the Internet of Medical Things, and the theft and disclosure of digitally stored confidential medical information. The latter group of acts is committed by both outsiders and employees of healthcare organizations. The vast majority of registered cybercrimes are profit motivated ones, and the most common cybercrime is extortion with the use of malicious software (ransomware). To counter criminal risks for digital health, the authors propose a set of actions divided into three groups such as legal, technical, and educational. According to the authors, international and national criminal law should immediately respond to digital criminal threats to healthcare systems, in particular by making relevant international agreements and by including the manner in which such crimes are committed into criminal laws as an aggravating circumstance. In addition, the authors note the formation of a special direction in cybersecurity research and practice - healthcare cybersecurity - which requires the development of an appropriate industry, with respective hardware, software, informational and educational products that would be aimed at eliminating and reducing the risks for digital health.
Online Games as a Space for Committing Crimes
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Smushkin Aleksandr B.
Published: December 2021

Stating the large amount of financial resources circulating in the field of online game economy (trading in game objects, accounts, game help, etc.), the author points out that these factors cannot but cause the commission of crimes in this area. Using numerous examples, the author shows the high real value of some virtual game items and substantiates the reality of committing crimes related to the illegal seizure of these items. During the study, sociological survey and statistical methods were used. In the course of the study, about 200 players of online games of various genres were interviewed. Considering the separate functionality of some games, the author also points out the possibility of using games for the preparation, commission, and concealment of crimes. In addition, the article identifies factors that prevent law enforcement agencies from taking and investigating these crimes seriously. The author emphasizes the almost complete absence of forensic recommendations in this area. The aim of this article was to develop separate recommendations for the identification, qualification, and investigation of crimes related to online games. The author defines the types of crimes that can be committed in the area under consideration and points out certain features of their qualification. At its core, the range of crimes committed in online games, in relation to game objects or with the help of online games, is quite wide, which indicates the need to prepare a comprehensive forensic investigation methodology. Based on certain provisions of game mechanics, game economy, and game communication, the author considers certain ways of committing crimes using online games. The author also determines the features of identifying and verifying a digital alibi, using online games, to which the suspect can refer. The author defines the main investigative situations of the initial stage of the investigation and analyzes their specifics. Taking into account the specifics of the object of knowledge in the investigation of such crimes, the author suggests a new investigative action, “inspection of an electronic object”, and specifies its separate subtypes: local device examination, network examination, distributed object (files stored in cloud services and blockchains) examination, mobile device examination. The article deals with some issues of the tactics and fixation of this investigative action. In the course of the investigation, it is recommended to involve programmers of a wide profile, specifically expert game designers, who will be able to advise the investigator in the field of game mechanics, sociology, and economy. In the absence of such experts in this locality, it is possible to attract specialists from a local provider who grants access to the Internet and provides the operation of networks. The author, considering various ways of obtaining game objects, also offers various ways of monetizing them, determining their value expression in real money.
Ontological Foundations of Cognition in Quantum Physics
Authors:   Samara State Medical University (Samara, Russian Federation), Kletskin Mikhail V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze the ontological foundations of quantum mechanics and the relationship of various interpretations of quantum mechanics with the question of truth in scientific knowledge. The theoretical material (various interpretations of quantum mechanics) was analyzed. The research methods were analysis, comparative-historical and institutional approaches. On the basis of the study, it can be concluded that physicists are only able to predict the probabilities of physical phenomena or processes, without any knowledge of the structure of entity in itself. The study helps to complement the theoretical picture of the ontology of quantum mechanics and to get an idea about the development prospects of the methodology of physical sciences. We should not ascribe properties that are unobservable in experience to the entity because science can truly interpret only the representation of entity in itself in experience and the ways of dealing with it, not future events or possible states of the entity. Otherwise, science “slides” down to the level of dialectical (rhetorical) exercises based not on true premises, but on generally accepted or “authoritative” biases, which gives room to extreme forms of relativism and takes natural scientists away from studying nature to inventing empirically unsupported hypotheses. When, in accordance with the Cartesian ontology, the scientist assumes that the entity is as the “subject” observes it (that is, the “reflection” of the entity in consciousness is identified with entity in itself), this assumption leads the scientist to attempts to “scientifically” describe the future events or the possible states of the entity. The criterion for the truth of a scientific theory put forward by Einstein in his dispute with Bohr remains a fundamentally unattainable ideal. Cognition of nature is probabilistically and fundamentally incomplete since a person can consciously comprehend natural phenomena only within the framework of their representation in the existing being. The probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics is due to the impossibility of knowing things as they exist by themselves, that is, as they exist outside of representation in the mind of the observer. This does not mean that physical entities did not exist before their knowledge: they existed potentially, but were not valid for the observer, that is, conscious. Quantum physics is as incomplete as any other physical theory when compared with an unattainable ideal, but this fact does not negate its truth for modern scientists since quantum theory is based on the results of verified experiments.
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The Subtle Dynamics of Power Struggles in Tunisia: Local media since the Arab Uprisings
Authors: Bassil Noah , Kassem Nourhan
Published: December 2021

This article contributes to the analysis of local media and democratic transformation in Tunisia since the Arab Uprisings. It aims to assess the extent to which pluralism, freedom of expression, and participation—central tenets of democratisation—are evident at the local level. Tunisian local media, unlike the national media, is relatively free of governmental control. Local media is also decentralised. It is this autonomy from the government which makes the analysis of local media fundamentally important for understanding politics in Tunisia. While national media is linked to the most powerful elements in the country, the diversity of voices within the media at the local level provides an opportunity to grasp the grievances, struggles, and agency of people in Tunisia, especially the most marginalised communities. This article will detail the changes in the media landscape, especially for local media, in Tunisia and connect our analysis of local media to better understand the Tunisia that has developed between dictatorship and democracy and the extent that the fledgling Tunisian democracy can withstand its most recent test.
Understanding Emerging Media: Voice, Agency, and Precarity in the Post-2011 Arab Mediasphere
Authors: Badran Yazan
Published: December 2021

The decade following the 2010–2011 Arab uprisings saw a flourishing of emerging media organisations across the region. The most recognisable examples of these new independent media actors include Enab Baladi in Syria, Mada Masr in Egypt, and Inkyfada in Tunisia. However, this phenomenon comprises a much more diverse set of actors from small-scale associative radio stations in Tunisia to numerous exilic Syrian media outlets. Building on previous research as well as recent fieldwork in Tunisia and Turkey, this article is an attempt to make sense of the genesis, development, and relevance of this new class of media actors. We argue that these emerging media organisations can be seen to represent specific interventions into the politics of voice in their various national and local contexts, but ones that share similar logics. To elucidate this argument, we propose a multi-dimensional understanding of these interventions that brings together voices (actors, issues, discourses), modalities of voice (organisational models, values, production value), and the underlying political economy of these emerging media (funding, institutionalisation). However, the article also argues that these interventions, and the logics they share, themselves belie a complex interaction between the political and professional agency and precarity of these media organisations and the individuals, and groups, behind them. We believe that combining these two perspectives is a necessary step for a more nuanced understanding of the nature and practice of these emerging media organisations.
A new classification of chronic postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Bocharov Aleksandr V. , Popov Leonid V. , Mittsiev Astan K. , Lagkuev Magomet D.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the historical moments of how the concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle were developed, and the possibilities of the main diagnostic methods. As a rule, patients with chronic postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle have severe damage to their coronary bed, requiring invasive correction (coronary artery stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting), which must be performed either before or during the intervention to eliminate the left ventricular aneurysm. A new classification of chronic postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle is proposed, which takes into account rather the type of myocardial blood supply and the severity of damage to the coronary bed, than the actual features of aneurysms. It determines the stages and tactics of treatment of patients with chronic postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle, focusing on the problem of coronary revascularization.
Chronicles of A.I. Pospelov Moscow Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology Society (MDCS was founded on October 4, 1891). Bulletin of the MDCS meeting N 1143
Authors: Yakovlev Aleksey B.
Published: December 2021

On May 14, 2021, the regular, 1143st meeting of the Moscow Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology Society named after A.I. Pospelova. The agenda included the following issues: analysis of 1 clinical case, hearing of scientific reports. Admission to membership in the MDCS not provided.
Photogallery. Sarcoidosis (part 2)
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Teplyuk Natalia P.
Published: December 2021

Sarcoidosis (synonym: BenierBeckSchaumann disease, benign granulomatosis, chronic epithelioid cell reticuldoendotheliosis) ― is a multisystem disease from the group of granulomatosis, of unknown etiology, the morphological feature of which is the development of epithelioid cell granulomas without caseous necrosis fibrosis in the tissues of various organs. Taking into account the variety of clinical lesions, there are three main forms: extrathoracic, intrathoracic, mixed (generalized).
We are publishing the second part of our photo gallery.
Stock excess returns, risk, and business conditions
Authors:   , Doong Shuh-Chyi , Chiang Thomas Chi-Nan
Published: December 2021

The objective of this dissertation is to provide the first attempt to make detailed analyses on the time series behavior of industry portfolios. More specifically, this dissertation opens a new avenue for exploring the relationship between risks and excess returns on the industry level and gives the practitioners insight into the time series properties of industry excess returns and volatilities. According to the preliminary analyses, the evidence shows that there are different behaviors of industry returns across industries. The evidence also shows that for most industry portfolios, the average means and volatilities are significantly different from the market portfolio. In trying to find the sources that cause different industry portfolios to behave differently, the first approach is to investigate how industry excess returns respond to the change in macroeconomic information. The second approach is to look directly at the systematic risk measures of different industries. Finally, I provide additional insight into the nature of time-varying excess returns and their relationship with the different kinds of risks on the industry level. In general, all the industry excess returns are significantly related to at least one state variable. However, the exposure to the change in macroeconomic information may not be the same for all industries. Another important finding is that business conditions can affect the responses of industry excess return to the economic indicators. In particular, the industry excess returns are more sensitive to the change of economic indicators when the economy is in recession. I also find that the systematic risks of industries are not constant over time. In addition, the large shocks in industry betas seem to be associated with business conditions, particularly around turning points and during recession period. Among all the risks I considered, the unexpected market volatility is the most important factor in explaining the movements of industry excess returns. This dissertation provides a means of disaggregating the whole stock market into industry analyses. Investors may find answers here if they want to avoid some of the risks attached to investments and to detect new opportunities. Moreover, business managers who quickly recognize a change in macroeconomic information or special events could launch either a recession or an expansion strategy to optimize the value of the company. Finally, economists can gain more knowledge and build up more general theoretical models to make a further contribution to the industry area.
Aprendiendo con las abejas en el primer ciclo de Educación Infantil
Authors: Prieto López María del Mar , Torralba-Burrial Antonio
Published: December 2021

Existe una desconexión creciente entre la sociedad en general, y en la infancia en particular, con la naturaleza y el medio en el que vivimos, por lo que se ha desarrollado esta experiencia didáctica buscando una conexión en la primera infancia facilitada desde la Educación Ambiental en la escuela. Se ha diseñado esta secuencia didáctica basada en las abejas, insectos polinizadores empleados como recurso didáctico interrelacionando el entorno natural y cultural, implementándola en el primer ciclo de Educación Infantil en una escuela rural de Asturias. Se han preparado recursos didácticos y actividades adaptadas, combinando el aula, el patio escolar, el huerto escolar y el aprendizaje más allá del aula, abogando por la importancia de la biodiversidad, del aprovechamiento diversificado de los recursos naturales y de la conexión y relación directa con la naturaleza desde edades tempranas, resultando bien acogida por el alumnado, especialmente las actividades manipulativas y al aire libre.
Evaluación y componentes de la experiencia de marca en la publicidad de Instagram
Authors: Ibañez-Gaona Daniel Alejandro , Ortegon-Cortazar Leonardo
Published: December 2021

La experiencia que tienen las personas frente a la publicidad en redes sociales es un tópico de interés en la gestión de marketing digital; en este sentido, el concepto de brand experience ofrece una alternativa para mejorar la comprensión de las dimensiones críticas que optimizan los vínculos y atención de los consumidores hacia las marcas que deciden hacer publicidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los componentes evaluativos de la experiencia frente a la publicidad de ropa en la red social Instagram. Se desarrolló una investigación de naturaleza cuantitativa utilizando como técnica de recolección de datos, la encuesta online. Los resultados, a través de análisis descriptivo y solución factorial, revelan tres factores constitutivos de la experiencia. Finalmente, discutimos el dominio del componente comportamental, seguido por el componente afectivo y a su vez, el componente intelectual de la experiencia de marca en Instagram.
Os termos para as cores en galego: unha selva por explorar
Authors: Teixeira Moláns Paula
Published: December 2021

O vocabulario das cores básicas en galego é un campo semántico que está por descubrir. Este artigo revisa dúas primeiras achegas nesta dirección: Villanueva Gesteira (2009) e Teixeira Moláns (2014), que exploraron o emprego deste vocabulario en diferentes xeracións de galegofalantes. Ambos os traballos concordan en observar marcadas diferenzas lexicais nos distintos grupos de idade. Con todo, estas investigacións documentan solucións léxicas dispares e só os datos de Teixeira Moláns apuntan cara á existencia de distribucións categoriais distintas. Á vista de estes traballos seren insuficientes e non concluíntes, na sección final exponse unha serie de preguntas que unha pesquisa de máis envergadura debería responder. Finalmente, anúncianse as metodoloxías e algúns achados iniciais que esta tal investigación, xa en curso, vén de documentar.