bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Peri‐Aryloxyquinones: From a Forgotten Photochromic System to a Promising Tool for Emerging Applications
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Klimenko Lyubov S. , Bykov Vasily N. , Hecht Stefan
Published: December 2023

Emerging applications of photochromic compounds demand new molecular designs that can be inspired by some long‐known yet currently forgotten classes of photoswitches. In the present review, we remind the community aboutPeri‐AryloxyQuinones (PAQs) and their unique photoswitching behavior originally discovered more than 50 years ago. At the heart of this phenomenon is the light‐induced migration of an aromatic moiety (arylotropy) inperi‐aryloxy‐substituted quinones resulting inana‐quinones. PAQs feature absorbance of both isomers in the visible spectral region, photochromism in the amorphous and crystalline state, and thermal stability of the photogeneratedana‐isomer. Particularly noticeable is the high sensitivity of theana‐isomer towards nucleophiles in solution. In addition to the mechanism of molecular photochromism and the underlaying structure‐switch relationships, we analyze potential applications and prospects of aryloxyquinones in optically switchable materials and devices. Due to their ability to efficiently photoswitch in the solid state, PAQs are indeed attractive candidates for such materials and devices, including electronics (optically controllable circuits, switches, transistors, memories, and displays), porous crystalline materials, crystalline actuators, photoactivated sensors, and many more. This review is intended to serve as a guide for researchers who wish to use photoswitchable PAQs in the development of new photocontrollable materials, devices, and processes.
Contemporary Applications of Thioamides and Methods for Their Synthesis
Authors: Hansen Tobias N. , Olsen Christian A.
Published: December 2023

Thioamides are naturally occurring isosteres of amide bonds in which the chalcogen atom of the carbonyl is changed from oxygen to sulfur. This substitution gives rise to altered nucleophilicity and hydrogen bonding properties with importance for both chemical reactivity and non‐covalent interactions. As such, thioamides have been introduced into biologically active compounds to achieve improved target affinity and/or stability towards hydrolytic enzymes but have also been applied as probes of protein and peptide folding and dynamics. Recently, a series of new methods have been developed for the synthesis of thioamides as well as their utilization in peptide chemistry. Further, novel strategies for the incorporation of thioamides into proteins have been developed, enabling both structural and functional studies to be performed. In this Review, we highlight the recent developments in the preparation of thioamides and their applications for peptide modification and study of protein function.
An autonomic parallel strategy for exhaustive search tree algorithms on shared or heterogeneous systems
Authors: Passos Fernanda G. O. , Rebello Vinod E. F.
Published: December 2023

Backtracking branch‐and‐prune (BP) algorithms and their variants are exhaustive search tree techniques widely employed to solve optimization problems in many scientific areas. However, they characteristically often demand significant amounts of computing power for problem sizes representative of real‐world scenarios. Given that their search domains can often be partitioned, these algorithms are frequently designed to execute in parallel by harnessing distributed computing systems. However, to achieve efficient parallel execution times, an effective strategy is required to balance the nonuniform partition workloads across the available resources. Furthermore, with the increasing integration of servers with heterogeneous resources and the adoption of resource sharing, balancing workloads is becoming complex. This paper proposes a strategy to execute parallel BP algorithms more efficiently on even shared or heterogeneous distributed systems. The approach integrates a self‐adjusting dynamic partitioning method in the BP algorithm with a dynamic scheduler, provided by an application middleware, which manages the parallel execution while addressing any issues of imbalance. Empirical results indicate better scalability with efficiencies above 90% for instances of an application case study for the discretizable molecular distance geometry problem (DMDGP). Improvements of up to 38% were obtained in execution speed‐ups compared to a more traditional parallel BP implementation for DMDGP.
Neurofilament light chain levels in serum among a large mixed memory clinic cohort: Confounders and diagnostic usefulness
Authors: Simonsen Anja Hviid , Gleerup Helena Sophia , Musaeus Christian Sandøe , Sellebjerg Finn , Hansen Malene Bredahl , Søndergaard Helle Bach , Waldemar Gunhild , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

Early and accurate diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders including neurodegenerative dementia remains challenging. This study explores the impact of biological factors on serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and clinical usefulness for the detection of neurocognitive disorders in a mixed memory clinic.

METHODS

Serum samples and clinical data were obtained from 1188 patients who underwent diagnostic investigations for memory complaints between January 2018 and September 2019. Serum NfL was measured using single molecule array technology.

RESULTS

NfL exhibited a moderate association with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and Fazekas score. NfL was able to differentiate between patients with neurocognitive disorders and those without with a sensitivity and specificity of 80%. NfL could, however, not distinguish between different dementia etiologies.

DISCUSSION

Serum NfL could aid early diagnostic triage by identifying patients requiring further diagnostic procedures and therefore aid in a more focused use of health‐care resources.
PGE2‐EP4 signaling steers cDC2 maturation toward the induction of suppressive T‐cell responses
Authors: Cuenca‐Escalona Jorge , Flórez‐Grau Georgina , van den Dries Koen , Cambi Alessandra , de Vries I. Jolanda M.
Published: December 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs) shape adaptive immunity in response to environmental cues such as cytokines or lipid mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In cancer, tumors are known to establish an enriched PGE2 microenvironment. Tumor‐derived PGE2 primes regulatory features across immune cells, including DCs, facilitating tumor progression. PGE2 shapes DC function by providing signaling via its two so‐called E‐prostanoid receptors (EPs) EP2 and EP4. Although studies with monocyte‐derived DCs have shown the importance of PGE2 signaling, the role of PGE2‐EP2/EP4 on conventional DCs type 2 (cDC2s), is still poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the function of EP2 and EP4 using specific EP antagonists on human cDC2s. Our results show that EP2 and EP4 exhibit different functions in cDC2s, with EP4 modulating the upregulation of activation markers (CD80, CD86, CD83, MHC class II) and the production of IL‐10 and IL‐23. Furthermore, PGE2‐EP4 boosts CCR type 7‐based migration as well as a higher T‐cell expansion capacity, characterized by the enrichment of suppressive rather than pro‐inflammatory T‐cell populations. Our findings are relevant to further understanding the role of EP receptors in cDC2s, underscoring the benefit of targeting the PGE2‐EP2/4 axis for therapeutic purposes in diseases such as cancer.
Flanking AT base pairs affect the localization of monovalent cations in DNA A‐tracts
Authors: Stellwagen Earle , Stellwagen Nancy C.
Published: December 2023

Capillary electrophoresis has been used to measure the free solution mobilities of a series of 26‐base pair (bp) DNA oligomers containing two phased A4T1in‐tracts embedded in flanking sequences containing 0 to 11 additional AT bps. A random‐sequence 26‐bp oligomer with 12 isolated AT bps was used as the reference. Mobility ratios (A‐tract/reference) were measured in background electrolytes (BGEs) containing mixtures of small monovalent cations and tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) or tetrapropylammonium (TPA+) ions. The mobility ratios observed in 0.3 M TBA+ were >1.00, suggesting that the TBA+ ions had formed electrostatic contact pairs with the AT bp in the reference and in the A‐tract flanking sequences, decreasing the mobilities of both oligomers. The TBA–AT pairing interactions could be eliminated by increasing the concentration of small monovalent cations in the BGE. In 0.3 M TPA+, electrostatic contact pairs were formed with the AT bps in the flanking sequences and in the A‐tracts. Interestingly, the shapes of the mobility ratio profiles observed for the A4T1in‐tract oligomers depended on the total number of A + T residues in the oligomer.
Photothermal Energy‐Storage Capsule with Sustainable Evaporation for Efficient Anti‐/Deicing
Authors: Li Wenzong , Lu Chenguang , Wang Xu , Ma Guojia , Feng Shile , Liu Yahua
Published: December 2023

The inhibition of ice accumulation on surfaces is of great importance in various practical applications and extensive efforts have been made to address this daunting challenge. Among many others, the promising photothermal anti‐icing surfaces become ineffective under a nonillumination condition. Herein, a photothermal energy‐storage capsule (PESC) by leveraging both the solar‐to‐thermal conversion and energy‐storage capability is proposed for efficient anti‐/deicing. Under illumination, the surface temperature can rise to 55 °C, which endows fast droplet evaporation to prevent the subsequent bulk freezing, and the accumulated ice and frost in a low temperature quickly melts and fully evaporates. Importantly, sustainable droplet evaporation can be achieved without illumination which is attributed to the energy storage property of the PESC. This research provides a satisfactory paradigm for surface design in all‐weather anti‐/deicing applications.
Twofold Alkenylation of Thiophenes with N‐Vinylcarbazole via Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H/C−H Coupling
Authors: Doba Takahiro , Shang Rui , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: December 2023

The incorporation of the vinylene motif into conjugated molecules notably elevates the HOMO level, augmenting both emissive and conductive properties while enhancing responsiveness to external stimuli. This study focuses on the regioselective C−H/C−H coupling of N‐vinylcarbazole with thiophenes, offering an efficient route to N‐vinylene‐incorporated conjugated molecules for the development of organic electronic materials. Traditional palladium‐catalyzed Fujiwara‐Moritani (FM) reactions proved ineffective for C−H alkenylation with N‐vinylcarbazole. In response, we have developed an iron‐catalyzed twofold alkenylation method for conjugated thiophenes with N‐vinylcarbazole, utilizing trimethylaluminum as the base and diethyl oxalate as the oxidant. This reaction occurs regioselectively at the C2−H (or C5−H) bond of the thiophenes and the terminal position of N‐vinylcarbazole. It also successfully produces short thiophene polymers end‐capped with N‐vinylcarbazole, demonstrating the potential for synthesizing polymeric donor materials. The enamine products exhibit blue‐to‐green emission, high fluorescence quantum yield, and visible light responsivity for stereo‐isomerization, indicating promising applications in organic electronics.
Patient‐reported cognitive impairments and objective neuropsychological deficits in young sarcoma patients undergoing chemotherapy and its comparison to healthy controls: A tertiary health care study from India
Authors: Vayyat Shyam , Revand Ravindran , Rastogi Sameer , Sharma Ratna , Kaur Simran
Published: December 2023

The study aims to investigate the patient‐reported cognitive deficits and objective neuropsychological functions in younger adult (YA) sarcoma patients (16–40 years of age). Ninety patients and 30 age‐matched healthy controls from a single tertiary healthcare hospital, were recruited into four groups: Pre‐chemotherapy (Pre Cx), During chemotherapy (During Cx), Post‐chemotherapy (Post Cx) and Controls. Neurocognitive functions were assessed subjectively using FACT‐Cog v3 questionnaire; objectively using ACE‐III and neuropsychological tests (NPT). FACT‐Cog scores of During Cx (P = .041) and Post Cx (P = .008) groups were significantly lower than Pre Cx group. ACE‐III scores of During Cx (P = .048) and Post Cx (P = .043) groups were lower as compared to Pre Cx group. In addition, reaction times and accuracies of the NPT (Flanker's, Sternberg's and Emotional Stroop tests) were worse (P < .05) in During Cx and Post Cx groups as compared to either Pre Cx or control groups. In the Post Cx group, the dose of chemotherapy showed significant negative correlation with the Sternberg reaction time (P = .040) as well as the scores of language (P = .047), and attention (P = .044) domains of ACE‐III. Observations demonstrate that cancer/chemotherapy‐related neurocognitive deficits fail to improve even after cessation of treatment, and high dosage of chemotherapy used, could be an underlying factor. This emphasizes the need for developing ‘model of care’ in these patients for monitoring the side effects, and possible titration in the therapeutic regimen for sarcoma in YA.
Radiomics Nomogram Based on Dual‐Sequence MRI for Assessing Ki‐67 Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Shen Mengyi , Zhang Dingyi , He Xin , Du Qinglin , Liu Nian , Huang Xiaohua
Published: December 2023

Background

Radiomics has been extensively applied in predicting Ki‐67 in breast cancer (BC). However, this is often confined to the exploration of a single sequence, without considering the varying sensitivity and specificity among different sequences.

Purpose

To develop a nomogram based on dual‐sequence MRI derived radiomic features combined with clinical characteristics for assessing Ki‐67 expression in BC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

227 females (average age, 51 years) with 233 lesions and pathologically confirmed BC, which were divided into the training set (n = 163) and test set (n = 70).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0‐T, T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from diffusion‐weighted MRI (EPI sequence).

Assessment

The regions of interest were manually delineated on ADC and DCE‐MRI sequences. Three radiomics models of ADC, DCE‐MRI, and dsMRI (combined ADC and DCE‐MRI sequences) were constructed by logistic regression and the radiomics score (Radscore) of the best model was calculated. The correlation between Ki‐67 expression and clinical characteristics such as receptor status, axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis status, ADC value, and time signal intensity curve was analyzed, and the clinical model was established. The Radscore was combined with clinical predictors to construct a nomogram.

Statistical Tests

The independent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), single factor analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics, Delong test, Hosmer_Lemeshow test, calibration curve, decision curve. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In the test set, the prediction efficiency of the dsMRI model (AUC = 0.862) was higher than ADC model (AUC = 0.797) and DCE‐MRI model (AUC = 0.755). With the inclusion of estrogen receptor (ER) and ALN metastasis, the nomogram displayed quality improvement (AUC = 0.876), which was superior to the clinical model (AUC = 0.787) and radiomics model.

Data Conclusion

The nomogram based on dsMRI radiomic features and clinical characteristics may be able to assess Ki‐67 expression in BC.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Application of multiple‐intake temporal check all that apply: a case study of strawberry yoghurt formulated with alternative sweeteners
Authors: Chadha Diksha , Hamid Nazimah , Kantono Kevin
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

It is crucial to reduce the high sugar content of fruit yoghurts in response to the excessive weight gain epidemic. The use of alternative sweeteners in yoghurts is often associated with the negative sensory attributes that can have an impact on yoghurt liking. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of alternative sweeteners and strawberry puree addition on the temporal sensory profile of yoghurt using multiple‐intake temporal check all that apply (TCATA). A novel approach to the statical analysis of the temporal sensory data was employed by using aligned rank transformation–analysis of variance to investigate the differences between sensory attributes within different products and within different intakes.

RESULTS

Results showed that the attributes sweet and fruity decreased when the concentration of fruit puree was increased at low concentration of sucrose. Interestingly, when the concentration of fruit puree was increased, fruitiness increased and mouthcoating decreased at low concentration of stevia. With successive intakes, the attributes sweet, sour, creamy and fruity significantly decreased in yoghurts sweetened with sucrose, xylitol and stevia. Yoghurts containing low concentrations of sucrose or xylitol and fruit puree were liked the most. However, stevia‐sweetened yoghurts varying in sweetener and puree concentration were not significantly different in liking. In order to investigate the consumer acceptance of yoghurts, a novel approach was used – that is, utilizing TCATA temporal data to investigate temporal drivers of liking for each yoghurt type.

CONCLUSION

The use of multiple statistical analysis to analyse temporal data suggested that both sweetener and puree concentration need to be considered when developing products using alternative sweeteners. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transpterygoid Approach and the Need for Myringotomy
Authors: Damante Mark A. , Magill Stephen T. , Kreatsoulas Daniel , McGahan Ben G. , Hardesty Douglas , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

The expanded endonasal transpterygoid approach (EETA) is used to access the middle and posterior fossa through the pterygoid process. Traditionally, the eustachian tube (ET) was resected during EETA, which often required subsequent myringotomy for inner ear drainage. Anterolateral transposition of the ET was proposed to decrease potential morbidity associated with resection. However, a comparison of resection versus transposition regarding the need for subsequent myringotomy has not been reported.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent an EETA. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, management of ET with resection versus transposition, and need for subsequent myringotomy were collected. Analysis was performed with JMP software in standard fashion and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis performed with a p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Ninety‐one patients underwent EETA for various malignant and benign tumors. Twenty‐seven patients required myringotomy, with tumors of the pterygopalatine fossa accounting for the most common location (n = 8). Malignant pathology had the highest myringotomy rate compared to benign tumors (48.9% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001), as did receiving postoperative radiation (p < 0.001), ET resection (p < 0.001), and increasing CPK class. Multivariate analysis of these variables suggests that only ET resection significantly correlated with the need for myringotomy (LR 7.97, p = 0.005).

Conclusions

ET resection during EETA can lead to ET dysfunction and require myringotomy post‐operatively, and patients should be counseled of this risk. Radiation treatment, malignant pathology, and CPK class, all reflecting situations where more extensive surgery was needed, were associated with the need for myringotomy on univariate analysis but did not reach significance with multivariate analysis.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1203–1207, 2024
Boosting Applications with High‐Performance Near‐Infrared Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Liu Yongfu , Jin Chen , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Chen Guoxin , Jiang Jun
Published: December 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted (pc) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are gaining popularity as smart NIR spectroscopy light sources. However, the low wall‐plug efficiency (WPE) of NIR pc‐LEDs has limited their applications due to the comprehensive properties of external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and thermal stability for NIR phosphors. In this study, a simple strategy is presented to achieve high‐performance NIR phosphors by breaking the d–d parity forbidden transitions of Cr3+ in the garnet host by introducing asymmetric vibrations via lattice distortions. The achieved EQE is as high as 44% at room temperature and maintains >98% of the initial EQE at 150 °C, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. Notably, these NIR phosphors enable unprecedented NIR pc‐LEDs with a record WPE of 26% driven at 100 mA. Consequently, the application of NIR pc‐LEDs is expanded to new areas such as real‐time heart rate monitoring and fingerprint recognition.
A Holographic Broadband Achromatic Metalens
Authors: Wang Xinghao , Liu Shunli , Xu Liqun , Cao Yang , Tao Yuan , Chen Yiyu , Zhang Zihang , Chen Chao , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong , Wang Chaowei , Ni Jincheng
Published: December 2023

Metalens with nanostructured optical elements are designed to control wavefront shaping at the wavelength‐scale thickness. However, most metalens still suffer from large chromatic aberrations due to phase dispersion, limiting their wide applications for multiple wavelengths. Here, avoiding complex resonant designs or multiple‐layer nanostructures, a simple broadband achromatic metalens by holographic diffraction in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. The hyperbolic phase distributions of multiple discrete wavelengths within a shared aperture and fabricate a broadband achromatic diffractive metalens by flexible direct‐laser‐writing technique is randomly interleaved. The designed polarization‐insensitive metalens modulate the light field by changing the height of the artificial neuron phase units to achieve average focusing efficiencies of 55% in the visible spectrum. This holographic design concept can pave the way to expand achromatic metalenses to multiple spectra.
PBAT/PLA Films and Supercritical Impregnation of Caffeine for Potential Application in Anticellulite Tools
Authors: Liparoti Sara , Mottola Stefania , De Marco Iolanda , Pantani Roberto
Published: December 2023

Topical administration is the preferred route for the controlled release of active compounds since it reduces side effects typical of other administration methods. The use of polymer blends is a way to modulate drug release from a topical device. The blends ensure modulation of a wide range of properties, such as mechanical properties, water sorption, and degradation. This paper proposes blends of poly(lactide acid) (PLA), and Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), for the topical release of caffeine, a molecule with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticellulite activities. PBAT/PLA blends are optimized for compatibility between the two polymers, mechanical properties, and drug release rate. Blends with a higher amount of PBAT show the best performance regarding polymer compatibility. The blends undergo supercritical CO2‐assisted caffeine impregnation. This process assures homogeneous dispersion of caffeine into the polymer matrix. The ratios 45/55 and 55/45 PBAT/PLA show the best performance in terms of caffeine release (complete caffeine release within 25 h). Caffeine is released into three steps: a burst effect due to the caffeine dispersed over the film surface, a slower release due to the caffeine dispersed in the polymer matrix, and a fast release due to the increase of polymer degradation rate induced by caffeine presence.
45 Years of Polymer HPLC: A Short Review
Authors: Pasch Harald , Bungu Paul Eselem
Published: December 2023

Until the end of the 70s of the last century, the major tool for fractionating complex polymers regarding molecular size is gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (more accurately size exclusion chromatography, SEC). A milestone in fractionating polymers with regard to chemical composition is achieved when it is shown that random copolymers can be separated according to copolymer composition using solvent gradient HPLC. Another important step toward selective fractionation is taken when liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption is introduced as an efficient way to separate functional polymers with regard to their functionality type distribution. Another milestone is the discovery that temperature gradients can also be used for the selective separation of complex polymers with regard to composition. The combination of different LC methods in comprehensive 2D HPLC setups is another milestone. As of today, a toolbox of HPLC methods is in place that enables the fractionation of complex polymers according to all molecular parameters including tacticity and branching. Here, an overview on the different techniques and some major applications is presented. The most important developments in the field are discussed, and different techniques, experimental protocols, and applications are highlighted. In conclusion, challenges for future developments are outlined.
Machine learning models for early‐stage investment decision making in startups
Authors: Shi Yong , Eremina Ekaterina , Long Wen
Published: December 2023

This study demonstrates the efficacy of machine learning techniques for evidence‐based evaluation of early‐stage ventures. Leveraging real‐world data on 24,965 startups across diverse sectors and countries sourced from Crunchbase, we develop predictive models using algorithms including random forest, XGBoost, and support vector machines. Rigorous training and testing on a 70–30 split of the data reveal that the algorithms can effectively classify startups as successful or not, achieving over 90% accuracy. Random forest emerges as the top performer, followed closely by XGBoost. This research demonstrates the immense potential of machine learning techniques in forecasting startup success to inform management practice.
Investor response to corporate social responsibility performance: The role of corporate social responsibility reports readability
Authors: Sun Zhao‐Yong , Wang Shu‐Ning , Li Dongdong
Published: December 2023

This paper presents empirical evidence regarding the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) readability on investor responses to CSR performance. The findings suggest that higher CSR performance contributes to increased share returns and trading volume, and CSR readability amplifies this effect. Investors are optimistic about companies with easy‐to‐read CSR reports due to the strong association of CSR performance with financial performance. Companies with CSR activities should take steps to regulate and improve the readability of CSR reports.
Technical note: The migration distance – a unidirectional distance metric for region‐of‐interest comparisons
Authors: Stewart James , Sahgal Arjun , Hudson John , Lau Angus , Keller Brian , Chen Hanbo , Detsky Jay , Soliman Hany , Tseng Chia‐Lin , Myrehaug Sten , Ruschin Mark
Published: December 2023

Background

The radiotherapy process relies on several metrics in determining a notion of “distance” from one three‐dimensional region‐of‐interest (ROI) to another. The majority are symmetric (or commutative) and do not contain information pertaining to directionality. Growth versus regression, for example, is not inherently distinguished by these metrics.

Purpose

The purpose of this work was to formalize a unidirectional distance metric, motivated by radiotherapy margin concepts, which we term the migration distance. Informally, the migration distance from ROI to is the minimum isotropic expansion of such that is completely encompassed by the expansion. If is contained within , the migration distance is negative with magnitude equal to the maximum isotropic contraction of such that remains contained within contraction. The metric is demonstrated by quantifying glioblastoma interfraction target changes.

Methods

An explicit mathematical formulation of the migration distance is presented and contrasted with the related Hausdorff distance. The results are demonstrated for the gross tumor volume (GTV) dynamics of a glioblastoma cohort consisting of 111 patients that underwent standard chemoradiotherapy with offline MR imaging at planning, fraction 10, fraction 20, and 1‐month post radiotherapy.

Results

The mean ± SD of the GTV migration distance relative to planning was 5.9 ± 3.9 mm at fraction 10, 6.2 ± 4.4 mm at fraction 20, and 7.9 ± 7.1 mm at 1‐month post radiotherapy. The maximum GTV migration distance across all patients at the same timepoints was 20.4, 20.7, and 45.5 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

We have proposed and demonstrated a unidirectional distance metric. The migration distance may have applications in the quantification of anatomical changes, planning target volume designs, and dosimetric radiotherapy plan assessment.
Electromagnetic absorption shielding effectiveness and physical‐mechanical properties of rubber composites
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Kvasničáková Andrea , Džuganová Michaela , Dosoudil Rastislav , Hudec Ivan
Published: December 2023

Manganese‐zinc ferrite, nickel‐zinc ferrite, and the combinations of both ferrites in constant level 200 phr were incorporated into acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber. The amount of carbon black was constant in each composite −25 phr. The second series of composites was fabricated with similar composition, but the total content of ferrites or ferrites combinations was 300 phr, while the content of carbon black was 25 phr. The work was focused on investigation of electromagnetic absorption shielding effectiveness of composites and their physical‐mechanical properties. During the study, good correlation between conductivity, permittivity, and electromagnetic absorption parameters was established. Higher conductivity was reflected in higher permittivity of composites, which subsequently resulted in their lower absorption shielding performance. The experimental outputs revealed that absorption shielding effectiveness was enhanced with increasing with proportion of nickel‐zinc ferrite, which pointed out to higher absorption shielding potential of nickel‐zinc ferrite. The physical‐mechanical properties were found not to be influenced by the type of ferrite or ferrites combinations. The higher overall content of ferrites in rubber matrix caused the decrease in tensile characteristics of composites, suggesting that ferrites are inactive fillers considering the physical‐mechanical properties.
Interfacial performance and build orientation of 3D‐printed poly(ether‐ketone‐ketone) reinforced by continuous carbon fiber
Authors: Fan Tianxiang , Zhou Ziyan , Zhang Huiying , Zhao Xiaole , Chen Ye , Wang Huaping
Published: December 2023

Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) have gained great attention for the benefit of preparing products without molds. However, unexpected debonding and defects are derived from insufficient impregnation between fiber and matrix in 3D‐printed samples, resulting in weak interfacial performance. In this work, a polyetherimide (PEI) sizing agent was used to improve the fiber‐matrix interfaces, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the continuous carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether‐ketone‐ketone) composites was increased to 27.1 MPa, 12.4% higher than that of unmodified composite. Meanwhile, the performance of CFRTPCs is affected by process parameters in FDM. Build orientation of FDM was discussed and PEI weakened the anisotropy of samples' mechanical properties because the performance variation caused by build orientation decreased from 86.8% to 65.2%, which may be beneficial for the forming freedom of in situ impregnated FDM. The addition of PEI makes sense to apply in situ impregnated FDM in high‐tech fields.

Highlights

CCF/PEKK composites were prepared by in situ impregnated FDM.

ILSS of flat‐oriented CCF/PEKK was 86.8% higher than that of on‐edge.

5 wt% PEI sizing agent promoted adhesion of CCF and PEKK to obtain the best mechanical properties.

PEI weakened the anisotropy of samples' mechanical properties, which was conducive to forming freedom.
Shear creep analysis of solid rocket motor bonding interface and rapid prediction model**
Authors: Ye Guanlin , Deng Kuangwei , Wu Weijing , Yang Dong , Shen Zhibin
Published: December 2023

During vertical storage of solid rocket motors, shear creep behavior occurred at the sidewall bonding interface due to self‐weight load, threatening the structural safety and storage life of the motor. To study the shear creep characteristics of the bonding interface, shear creep tests were conducted on a shear interface test piece of a motor under various temperatures and stresses. An engineering criterion for the onset of nonlinear viscoelastic stage of the bonding interface was proposed, and a rapid prediction model for shear creep of motor bonding interface in linear viscoelastic stage was devised. Furthermore, the stress‐time master curve of shear creep compliance at the bonding interface was established, revealing the variation trend of shear creep compliance during long‐term creep process. The results showed that this rapid prediction model had simple construction, high accuracy and wide applicability, and could well predict short‐term creep behaviour of bonding interface in linear viscoelastic stage. A method for structural integrity assessment of vertically stored solid rocket motors could be provided by using these research methods and results.
Semi‐synthetic nanobody‐ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor‐1
Authors: Braga Emidio Nayara , Cheloha Ross W.
Published: December 2023

Antibodies have proven highly valuable for therapeutic development; however, they are typically poor candidates for applications that require activation of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest collection of targets for clinically approved drugs. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antibody fragments retaining full antigen‐binding capacity, have emerged as promising tools for pharmacologic applications, including GPCR modulation. Past work has shown that conjugation of Nbs with ligands can provide GPCR agonists that exhibit improved activity and selectivity compared to their parent ligands. The neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR targeted for the treatment of pain, is activated by peptide agonists such as Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), which induce signaling through multiple pathways (Gs, Gq and β‐arrestin). In this study, we investigated whether conjugating NK1R ligands with Nbs that bind to a separate location on the receptor would provide chimeric compounds with distinctive signaling properties. We employed sortase A‐mediated ligation to generate several conjugates consisting of Nbs linked to NK1R ligands. Many of these conjugates exhibited divergent and unexpected signaling properties and transcriptional outputs. For example, some Nb‐NKA conjugates showed enhanced receptor binding capacity, high potency partial agonism, prolonged cAMP production, and an increase in transcriptional output associated with Gs signaling; whereas other conjugates were virtually inactive. Nanobody conjugation caused only minor alterations in ligand‐induced upstream Gq signaling with unexpected enhancements in transcriptional (downstream) responses. Our findings underscore the potential of nanobody conjugation for providing compounds with advantageous properties such as biased agonism, prolonged duration of action, and enhanced transcriptional responses. These compounds hold promise not only for facilitating fundamental research on GPCR signal transduction mechanisms but also for the development of more potent and enduring therapeutics.
Facultative endosymbionts modulate the aphid reproductive performance on wheat cultivars differing in contents of benzoxazinoids
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Angelica , Cabrera Nuri , Rubio‐Meléndez María Eugenia , Sepúlveda Daniela A. , Ceballos Ricardo , Fernández Natalí , Francis Frederic , Figueroa Christian C. , Ramirez Claudio C.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Facultative bacterial endosymbionts have the potential to influence the interactions between aphids, their natural enemies, and host plants. Among the facultative symbionts found in populations of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae in central Chile, the bacterium Regiella insecticola is the most prevalent. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether infected and cured aphid lineages exhibit differential responses to wheat cultivars containing varying levels of the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one), which is a xenobiotic compound produced by plants. Specifically, we examined the reproductive performance responses of the most frequently encountered genotypes of Sitobion avenae when reared on wheat seedlings expressing low, medium, and high concentrations of DIMBOA.

RESULTS

Our findings reveal that the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) in cured lineages of Sitobion avenae genotypes exhibits a biphasic pattern, characterized by the lowest rm and an extended time to first reproduction on wheat seedlings with medium levels of DIMBOA. In contrast, the aphid genotypes harbouring Regiella insecticola display idiosyncratic responses, with the two most prevalent genotypes demonstrating improved performance on seedlings featuring an intermediate content of DIMBOA compared to their cured counterparts.

CONCLUSION

This study represents the first investigation into the mediating impact of facultative endosymbionts on aphid performance in plants exhibiting varying DIMBOA contents. These findings present exciting prospects for identifying novel targets for aphid control by manipulating the presence of aphid symbionts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Event‐triggered disturbance rejection tracking for surface ships under stochastic disturbances and actuator saturation
Authors: Hu Xin , Wei Xinjiang , Zhang Huifeng , Gong Qingtao , Sun Sixiang
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on the problem of the event‐triggered disturbance rejection tracking control for marine surface ships with ocean stochastic disturbances under actuator saturation effects. The ocean stochastic disturbances are described by the first‐order Markov stochastic process. The event‐triggered disturbance rejection tracking control is built through incorporating a stochastic disturbance observer and an auxiliary dynamic filter with the event‐triggered vectorial backstepping framework. A stochastic disturbance observer is established to provide stochastic disturbance estimations on‐line. Then, an auxiliary dynamic filter employs the commanded control derivation vector to modify the feedback control errors on‐line so as to preserve the disturbance rejection tracking control performance under adverse saturation effects. The event‐triggered control protocol involving tracking errors and commanded control derivations is designed to reduce the excessive wear and tear of propellers and thrusters in the presence of ocean stochastic disturbances. Illustrative simulations on a 1:70 model ship demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Recent Progress Toward Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Wang Zheng‐Jun , Chen Yihuang , Lu Tianrui , Li Jun , Wang Jichang , Jin Huile , Lv Jing‐Jing , Wang Xin , Wang Shun
Published: December 2023

Despite that extensive efforts have been dedicated to the search for advanced catalysts to boost the electrocatalytic nitrobenzene reduction reaction (eNBRR), its progress is severely hampered by the limited understanding of the relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Herein, this review aims to bridge such a gap by first analyzing the eNBRR pathway to present the main influential factors, such as electrolyte feature, applied potential, and catalyst structure. Then, the recent advancements in catalyst design for eNBRR are comprehensively summarized, particularly about the impacts of chemical composition, morphology, and crystal facets on regulating the local microenvironment, electron and mass transport for boosting catalytic performance. Finally, the future research of eNBRR is also proposed from the perspectives of performance enhancement, expansion of product scope, in‐depth understanding of the reaction mechanism, and acceleration of the industrialization process through the integration of upstream and downstream technologies.
Enterprise architecture contribution in distributed agile software development
Authors: Alzoubi Yehia Ibrahim , Mishra Alok
Published: December 2023

Geographically distributed agile development may experience a high failure rate due to communication issues, which has a negative influence on project performance. One suggested solution in the literature is to enhance both communication and project performance by implementing agile enterprise architecture. However, the empirical evidence that supports this claim is still scarce. To address this gap, this study empirically explores the role of agile enterprise architecture as an artifact in distributed agile development. The findings of an in‐depth qualitative case study from a dispersed agile development organization that involves teams distributed over three locations are used in this work. Over 2 months, data was gathered by interviewing 12 key members of the team and watching three Sprint sessions of agile software development. Text analysis qualitative approach was used to analyze the data. The findings imply that agile enterprise architecture has a positive effect on distributed agile software development communication, quality, and functionality. Agile enterprise architecture may also support on‐time completion, but a trade‐off with on‐budget may be necessary. These findings provide valuable insights, frameworks, and best practices that support organizations in achieving greater agility, collaboration, and success in their distributed software development initiatives. As this is one of the first studies to look at the influence of agile enterprise architecture on distributed agile software development communication and performance, further research is needed to confirm and expand on the conclusions of this study.
Using Strive‐for‐Five Conversations to Strengthen Language Comprehension in Preschool through Grade One
Authors: Cabell Sonia Q. , Zucker Tricia A.
Published: December 2023

Engaging in frequent, meaningful conversation during the early years of schooling is foundational for children's literacy development. Specifically, developing oral language through daily conversations is essential for language comprehension, and eventually, reading comprehension. In this article, we discuss how teachers can use the Strive‐for‐Five framework to strategically engage students (preschool through Grade 1) in meaningful back‐and‐forth conversations. Using Scarborough's Reading Rope, we illustrate how teachers can elevate the quality of conversations to enhance literacy knowledge, vocabulary, verbal reasoning, background knowledge, and language structures.
The role of an integrated referral program for patients with liver disease: A network between hub and spoke centers
Authors: Germani Giacomo , Ferrarese Alberto , D’Arcangelo Francesca , Russo Francesco Paolo , Senzolo Marco , Gambato Martina , Zanetto Alberto , Cillo Umberto , Feltracco Paolo , Persona Paolo , Serra Eugenio , Feltrin Giuseppe , Carretta Giovanni , Capizzi Alfio , Donato Daniele , Tessarin Michele , Burra Patrizia
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Access to Liver transplantation (LT) can be affected by several barriers, resulting in delayed referral and increased risk of mortality due to complications of the underlying liver disease.

Aim

To assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute or chronic liver disease referred using an integrated referral program.

Materials and Methods

An integrated referral program was developed in 1 October 2017 based on email addresses and a 24/7 telephone availability. All consecutive adult patients with liver disease referred for the first time using this referral program were prospectively collected until 1 October 2021. Characteristics and outcomes of inpatients were compared with a historical cohort of patients referred without using the integrated referral program (1 October 2015—1 October 2017). Patients were further divided according to pre‐ and post‐Covid‐19 pandemic.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐one referred patients were considered. End stage liver disease was the most common underlying condition (79.3%), 50.5% of patients were referred as inpatients and 74.7% were referred for LT evaluation. When inpatient referrals (n = 142) were compared with the historical cohort (n = 86), a significant increase in acute liver injury due to drugs/herbals and supplements was seen (p = 0.01) as well as an increase in End stage liver disease due to alcohol‐related liver disease and NASH, although not statistically significant. A significant increase in referrals for evaluation for Trans‐jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement was seen over time (5.6% vs. 1%; p = 0.01) as well as for LT evaluation (84.5% vs. 81%; p = 0.01). Transplant‐free survival was similar between the study and control groups (p = 0.3). The Covid‐19 pandemic did not affect trends of referrals and patient survival.

Conclusions

The development of an integrated referral program for patients with liver disease can represent the first step to standardize already existing referral networks between hub and spoke centers. Future studies should focus on the timing of referral according to different etiologies to optimize treatment options and outcomes.
Current Business Model Practices in Energy Master Planning for Regions, Cities and Districts
Authors: Haase Matthias , Konstantinou Thaleia
Published: December 2023

Roughly 97% of the European Union (EU) building stock is not considered energy efficient, and 75–85% of it will still be in use in 2050 (Artola et al., Boosting building renovation: What potential and value for Europe? 2016). Residential buildings account for around two thirds of final energy consumption in European buildings. The rate at which new buildings either replace the old stock or expand the total stock is about 1% per year. Similarly, the current renovation rate of existing buildings in the EU is about 1–2% of the building stock renovated each year. Renovation strategies on building levels need to be derived from a combination of energy efficiency upgrades to buildings and the use of renewable energy to decarbonize the energy supply, on a district or city scale. IEA EBC Annex 75 subtask D2 focuses on promoting cost-effective building renovation at district level combining energy efficiency and renewable energy systems, by focusing on the business models that can make implementation possible. This paper intends to provide an overview of the business model archetypes that can support the development of district demand and/or supply of energy-efficient building renovations and/or renewable energy solutions by targeting various types of stakeholders. It builds upon existing literature to gain insights into the current distributed energy business model landscape. Further, implementation strategies are identified that focus on a holistic evaluation of the expected energy and CO2 performance of the site and optimized infrastructure investment pathways.