bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on judging posters
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Villasana Yanet , Blais Bruno
Published: October 2023

Posters sessions are popular informal forums to share emerging scientific results as they encourage discussion beyond results to include methodology, problems, and solutions. On the other hand, when there are too many posters, people suffer from cognitive overload and so are incapable of seeing and appreciating all of the research. Moreover, posters sessions are less well attended than presentations and as a consequence some authors leave the poster unattended. Poster competitions are one means to encourage presenters to stay at their post and people to come (especially when there are free refreshments). To identify the best poster(s) requires a simple scoring scheme, motivated judges who necessarily examine half‐a‐dozen or more posters, and a calibration method to account for differing opinions between judges. Judging is imperfect but we should be capable of agreeing which posters are among the top 10%.
Language of instruction in schools in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Nakamura Pooja , Molotsky Adria , Zarzur Rosa Castro , Ranjit Varsha , Haddad Yasmina , De Hoop Thomas
Published: October 2023

Based on the theory of change, we gather, organize, and synthesize the evidence on the impact of three language of instruction (LOI) choices (teaching in mother tongue [MT] with later transition, teaching in a non‐MT language, or teaching in two or more languages at one time) on literacy and biliteracy outcomes. We focus on quantitative and qualitative studies of LOI interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and consider languages that are commonly spoken in the developing world. As such, we include studies that examine transfers from local languages to English, but not those evaluating transfers from local languages to languages that are less spoken in LMICs (e.g., Swedish).
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz‐Based Therapy in People With HIV Who Smoke
Authors: Medaglio Dominique , Bilker Warren B. , Han Xiaoyan , Merlin Jessica S. , Plankey Michael , Martin Jeffrey , Crane Heidi M. , Hojat Leila S. , Bamford Laura , Schnoll Robert , Tyndale Rachel F. , Ashare Rebecca L. , Gross Robert
Published: October 2023

Rates of cigarette smoking in people with HIV (PWH) are two to three times higher than in people without HIV. Nicotine is metabolized by CYP2A6 and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3‐hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a measure of nicotine clearance. Higher NMR has been observed in PWH and is associated with lower quit rates. Efavirenz, a mainstay antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, partially upregulates its own metabolism through CYP2A6. We hypothesized that efavirenz also upregulates nicotine metabolism by CYP2A6, resulting in a higher NMR, and switching to non‐efavirenz ART would decrease the NMR, potentially leading to improved quit rates. We compared the NMR during and after efavirenz use among PWH in a longitudinal, multisite cohort. Eligibility criteria included: (i) active cigarette smoking, (ii) ART switched from efavirenz‐based to non‐efavirenz‐based regimen, (iii) plasma available at pre‐ and post‐ART switch, and (iv) viral suppression during study period. Plasma cotinine and 3‐hydroxycotinine were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. T‐tests compared the NMR on and off efavirenz. Samples were collected between 2010 and 2019 in 72 PWH. The mean NMR difference after switching to a non‐efavirenz‐based regimen was −0.24 (SD: 0.37, P < 0.001); 44 PWH had at least a 0.1 decrease in NMR. Effect modification by race was present; Black PWH had a larger mean decrease. Our findings suggest that previously observed higher NMR among PWH may be due to direct pharmacologic effects of ART. Assessing the effect of ART on the NMR suggests that avoiding nicotine metabolism inducers could potentially increase quit rates.
Sustainability committee and environmental decoupling: International evidence
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Sarang Aitzaz Ahsan Alias , Mushtaq Rizwan , Ahsan Tanveer
Published: October 2023

This paper examines whether sustainability committees curb environmental decoupling. Using a global sample, we document a negatively significant association between sustainability committee and environmental decoupling. These results support the notion that sustainability committees lower the gap between firms actual and reported environmental performance. With regard to the composition of such a committee, we show that size and tenure are positively associated with the level of environmental decoupling. However, more independent and gender‐diverse committees lower the level of environmental decoupling. Further analysis shows that documented relationship is not subject to the firms' corporate governance quality or industry nature. We also document that less engagement of firms with sustainability committee in decoupling practices tend to enhance their financial performance. The results are robust to endogeneity concerns, and several robustness tests. Our findings offer important implications for academic researchers, consultants, stakeholders, and policymakers.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in treatment against renal fibrosis
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Cui Jianxin , Yu Shengqiang , Xia Shujie
Published: October 2023

Background

Renal fibrosis (RF) is the main pathological pathway of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Its main pathological feature is extracellular matrix aggregation in the renal stroma and glomerulus. There is currently no effective treatment to delay or treat RF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that can direct differentiation, direct cell‐cell interactions and have secretory activity. The most important secretory activity of MSCs is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). At present, there is increasing evidence that EVs produced by MSCs may be used in regenerative methods of tissue repair.

Aim

The goal of this review is to present the latest efficacy of MSC‐EVs in the prevention, treatment and improvement of RF caused by acute and chronic kidney injury and reveals the molecular mechanism of MSCs in various models.

Results and discussion

MSC‐EVs show potential for RF by regulating autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, countering oxidation, suppressing inflammation, reducing EMT and modulating angiogenesis.

Conclusion

MSC‐EVs show potential for treating RF. However, more studies establishing their safety, efficiency and specific mechanisms in the context of RF are still needed before further clinical application.
OMIP‐097: High‐parameter phenotyping of human platelets by spectral flow cytometry
Authors: Spurgeon Benjamin E. J. , Frelinger Andrew L.
Published: October 2023

Using spectral flow cytometry, we developed a 16‐color panel for analysis of platelet phenotype and function in human whole blood. The panel contains markers of clinical relevance and follows an optimized protocol for the high‐parameter phenotyping of (phosphatidylserine positive) procoagulant platelets. Inclusion of established markers, such as CD62P and PAC‐1, allows the subsetting of classic (proinflammatory and proaggregatory) phenotypes, while addition of novel markers, such as TLR9, allows the resolution of platelets with nonclassic functions. Multiple inducible (C3b, CD63, CD107a, CD154, and TLT‐1) and constitutive (CD29, CD31, CD32, CD36, CD42a, CD61, and GPVI) markers are also measurable, and we demonstrate the use of automatic gating for platelet analysis. The panel is widely applicable to research and clinical settings and can be readily modified, should users wish to tailor the panel to more specific needs.
Workload prediction for enhancing power efficiency of cloud data centers using optimized self‐attention‐based progressive generative adversarial network
Authors: Saravanan G. , Santhosh Babu A. V.
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, future workload prediction is an important requirement in cloud data centers to maintain flexibility and scalability of resources. However, due to unexpected peaks, drops in workload, noise, and redundancy in user requests, there is a considerable variance in resource demands, making it difficult to accurately predict workloads. Therefore, a self‐attention‐based progressive generative adversarial network (SAPGAN) optimized with Giza Pyramids Construction Algorithm (GPCA)‐based workload prediction is proposed for Sustainable Cloud Data Centers (CDC). At first, redundant data in historical data obtained through CDC are filtered utilizing Markov chain random field (MCRF) co‐simulation method. These pre‐processed historical data are supplied to the SAPGAN. The SAPGAN weight parameters are optimized by GPCA. The proposed method is analyzed using 2 benchmark datasets: HTTP traces from Saskatchewan and NASA. The simulation is implemented in JAVA. The performance metrics is examined to verify the efficacy of the proposed technique. The performance of the proposed approach provides 28.70%, 11.87%, and 14.79% higher accuracy; 30.15%, 11.72%, and 18.34% lesser energy consume for the dataset of NASA; and 5.32%, 2.45%, and 5.67% higher accuracy; 12.36%, 24.24%, and 34.16% lesser energy consume for the dataset of Saskatchewan HTTP traces compared with existing methods, such as auto‐adaptive learning in a dynamic cloud environment (AADEA‐WLP‐CDC), a neural network model depending on biphase adaptive learning for anticipating cloud data center workload (BALNN‐WLP‐CDC) and multiple scale ensemble of deep learning framework for multistep‐ahead cloud workload prediction (EMD‐LSTM‐GAN‐WLP‐CDC).
Spatio‐temporal availability of renewable energy sources for Western Paraná
Authors: Guicho Ricardo , Medeiros Gabriela , Zambão Jackline Diane , Amaral Mailor Wellinton Wedig , Pilatti Maria Clara , Prior Maritane
Published: October 2023

The hydroelectric crisis is fomenting studies that seek the decentralization of electric energy generation in Brazil. Due to the climatic dependence on alternative sources, knowing their intermittent behavior is the best way to ensure supply. This article presents an analysis of energy complementarity based on the occurrences of climate variables with precipitation for hydroelectric power, irradiation for photovoltaic, and wind speed for wind power. We aimed to analyze and spatialize the availability of renewable energy sources in western Paraná through historical series (2011 to 2020), statistical analysis (monthly and seasonal), and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS). Daily data records were made available by the Paraná Meteorological Institute (SIMEPAR), referring to eight weather stations throughout the mesoregion. The results identified spatial complementarity for the mesoregion West Paraná. Cascavel city stood out for temporal complementarity, recording the highest values for precipitation in spring and wind speed in winter. In addition, irradiation data excelled in summer for the city of Santa Helena when compared to the other municipalities considered.
The thermal impact of stored water as supplementary energy source for a solar air heater
Authors: Semai Hakim , Bouhdjar Amor
Published: October 2023

Solar energy system optimization is a critical consideration for expanding its reach and competitiveness against traditional energy sources. This study specifically targets solar flat plate collectors, focusing on the concept of solar air collectors with an innovative enhancement strategy. To fulfill energy requirements across various applications like heating and drying, setting up collector arrays, such as solar air and water heaters, becomes imperative for meeting desired energy outputs. This research employs numerical analysis to investigate the energy efficiency of a modified solar air heater (MSAH). The enhancement involves integrating a parallelepiped enclosure filled with water, connected to a solar flat plate water collector, into the collector's rear. This water‐filled enclosure serves as a storage tank for the solar water heater. Simulation using the Fluent CFD code is conducted based on meteorological conditions at the Renewable Energy Development Center (CDER) in Bouzaréah, Algeria. Numerical outcomes are compared with experimental findings. Results indicate the positive impact of utilizing the water storage tank as an additional energy source. This modification leads to a substantial 57% performance increase in the MSAH compared with the standard version. This elevated efficiency remains consistent even during periods of reduced solar radiation, owing to the supplementary energy contribution from the solar water heater. In contrast, the standard version's performance hinges solely on available solar radiation for energy generation. This research underscores the potential of combining solar air and water heaters to enhance solar energy systems' efficiency and dependability, facilitating their practical implementation and sustainable utilization.
Karst landform classification considering surface flow characteristics derived from digital elevation models
Authors: Cao Haoyu , Xiong Liyang , Ma Junfei , Wang Hongen , Li Sijin , Yu Fengyize , Wang Peng
Published: October 2023

Karst landforms are one of the most typical geographical units with a specific physical process on the earth's surface. The classification of karst landforms is an important aspect for understanding their landform processes and mechanisms. However, influenced by various interior and external forces, karst landforms have an extremely complex surface morphology, increasing the difficulty of their automatic classification. In this study, we considered hydrological features as an important factor in characterizing karst landforms and proposed a method that considers surface flow for karst landform classification. In this method, terrain was reversed for hydrological analysis to achieve the landform units. Then, the watershed boundary of the reversed terrain is extracted by hydrological analysis. The boundary of the karst landform unit is determined by erasing the plain area from the watershed boundary. Thereafter, the graph theory segmentation method is employed to merge the landform units belonging to the same karst landform entity. The proposed approach is validated and applied in two sample karst areas, Fenglin and Fengcong, located in Guilin, China, using digital elevation model data with 30 m spatial resolution. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the typical karst landform units of Fenglin and Fengcong can be effectively classified. The overall classification accuracy is 94.44%. The proposed method produced more reasonable and accurate boundaries compared with the contour tree and terrain feature point methods. Furthermore, the classification results indicate various landform development stages of the karst landform process in the study area. The proposed method considering surface flow characteristics can be further extended to other landform types with highly complex landforms.
Impact of cooking on the protein quality of Russet potatoes
Authors: Bailey Taryn , Franczyk Adam J. , Goldberg Erin M. , House James D.
Published: October 2023

Despite being low in crude protein, on a fresh weight basis, given their overall contribution to the North American diet, potatoes contribute approximately 2%–4% of the population's protein intake. However, the quality of the protein remains ill‐defined. To that end, Russet potatoes were secured and subjected to various cooking conditions (raw [control], boiled, baked, microwaved, and fried [3, 6, and 9 min]) to determine the impact of cooking method on protein quality, as determined by amino acid score (AAS) and indices of in vivo true fecal protein digestibility (TFPD%; rodent bioassay) and in vitro protein digestibility (pH‐drop, pH‐Stat, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion both static and dynamic). The AAS of raw Russet potatoes was 0.67 ± 0.01, with histidine being the limiting AA. Frying led to a significant reduction in the AAS, however, other cooking methods yielded similar results to the raw control. The TFPD% of raw potato was low (40.5% ± 3.9%) and was significantly enhanced to over 80% with all cooking methods. Similar patterns were observed with all in vitro measures, however, all methods yielded higher values for the raw control samples. Final protein digestibility‐corrected AAS (PDCAAS; product of AAS and TFPD%) values ranged from 0.27 (raw) to a high of 0.57 (boiled), with cooked values being comparable to other plant‐based protein sources, including grains, and some nuts and pulses. In vitro PDCAAS values followed similar trends. This study defined the protein quality of cooked Russet potatoes and provides data for use in defining the quality of total protein consumed in the North American diet.
Sustainable Engineering Design in Education: A Pilot Study of Teaching Right‐to‐Repair Principles through Project‐Based Learning
Authors: Fishlock Sam , Thompson Matthew , Grewal Anoop
Published: October 2023

Over 60 million tons of E‐waste is expected to be generated in 2023, with associated significant impacts on health and the environment. To reduce the number of products sent to landfills, “Right to Repair” (RtR) movements are gaining momentum in many countries, including the UK, USA, and EU member states. While Universities are seen as important stakeholders to drive forward sustainable design practices, there is currently little work looking at training undergraduate design engineers in the principles of designing household products in support of RtR. In particular, the project‐based learning (PBL) pedagogy shows promise in engaging and training students with the skills and knowledge required to successfully design products for RtR. In this paper, a pilot‐study of teaching engineers is presented to design products compatible with RtR principles, alongside many technical skills, in a first‐year PBL course. The key outputs of this paper are the design of the module, which can be used to help inform first‐year engineering education, the high engagement of students, with 100% of respondents agreeing that they intend to try to implement sustainable design practices in future, and some of the innovative features that students implement in their projects.
Reduced Bone Regeneration in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Result of Impaired Stromal Cell and Osteoblast Function—A Computer Modeling Study
Authors: Jaber Mahdi , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Hofbauer Christine , Duda Georg N , Checa Sara
Published: October 2023

Bone has the fascinating ability to self‐regenerate. However, under certain conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this ability is impaired. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease known by the presence of elevated blood glucose levels that is associated with reduced bone regeneration capability, high fracture risk, and eventual non‐union risk after a fracture. Several mechanical and biological factors relevant to bone regeneration have been shown to be affected in a diabetic environment. However, whether impaired bone regeneration in T2DM can be explained due to mechanical or biological alterations remains unknown. To elucidate the relevance of either one, the aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of T2DM‐related alterations on either cellular activity or mechanical stimuli driving bone regeneration. A previously validated in silico computer modeling approach that was capable of explaining bone regeneration in uneventful conditions of healing was further developed to investigate bone regeneration in T2DM. Aspects analyzed included the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular mechanosensitivity. To further verify the computer model findings against in vivo data, an experimental setup was replicated, in which regeneration was compared in healthy and diabetic after a rat femur bone osteotomy stabilized with plate fixation. We found that mechanical alterations had little effect on the reduced bone regeneration in T2DM and that alterations in MSC proliferation, MSC migration, and osteoblast differentiation had the highest effect. In silico predictions of regenerated bone in T2DM matched qualitatively and quantitatively those from ex vivo μCT at 12 weeks post‐surgery when reduced cellular activities reported in previous in vitro and in vivo studies were included in the model. The presented findings here could have clinical implications in the treatment of bone fractures in patients with T2DM. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effectiveness of leukapheresis on early survival in acute myeloid leukemia: An observational propensity score matching cohort study
Authors: Lee Howon , Han Jay Ho , Kim Jae Kwon , Yoo Jaeeun , Cho Hyung Suk , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Cho Byung Sik , Kim Hee‐Je , Lim Jihyang , Jekarl Dong Wook , Kim Yonggoo
Published: October 2023

Background

The association between leukapheresis (LK) as a treatment option for hyperleukocytosis (HL) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains controversial.

Methods

Data were extracted from the electronic medical record for 2801 patients with AML between April 2009 and December 2019. LK was performed when the leukocyte count was ≥100 × 109/L at the time initial bone marrow examination.

Results

A comparison between the patients with HL in the non‐LK (n = 1579) and LK (n = 208) groups revealed survival probabilities (%) of 93.2% and 90.4% (P = .130) for day 30 (D30), 85.4% and 84.2% (P = .196) for D60, and 83.6% and 80.8% (P = .258) for D90, respectively. After propensity score matching, a comparison between the patients with HL in the non‐LK (n = 192) and LK (n = 192) groups revealed survival probabilities (%) of 83.9% and 91.2% (P = .030) for D30, 75.0% and 84.9% (P = .015) for day 60 (D60), and 62.4% and 81.3% (P = .034) for day 90 (D90), respectively. After D150, the observed effect of LK appeared to be mitigated without a survival benefit.

Discussion

LK was associated with improved early survival outcomes at D30, D60, and D90 among patients with AML exhibiting HL. Thus, it may be considered a treatment option for reducing cell mass in such patients.
Mutual induced‐fit controlled signal amplification of hydrogen‐bonded capsule formation
Authors: Kaur Sarvjeet , Sharma Bhanu , Lin E. S. , Lee M. M. , Kumar Gulshan , Chandrasekhar V. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Singh Ashutosh S.
Published: October 2023

Mutual induced‐fit is well known process in biological system and playing crucial role in enzymatic catalysis, peptide‐bond synthesis, protein synthesis, etc…, proceeds by mutual interactions of two or more than two components. However, in an artificial system, to mimic such process is challenging, especially by purely organic components. In this report, we have shown importance of mutual induced‐fit in signal amplification of hydrogen‐bonded capsule formation. Two different types of highly flexible ligands (one N‐bridged and another triazine‐bridged) are used. N‐bridged tripodal ligand acting as clip over the adduct obtained from triazine‐bridged ligand, bringing the resultant adduct in the cone‐shape conformation. The resulting cone‐shape conformation undergo solvent polarity dependent hydrogen‐bonded capsule formation as a sole product. In absence of N‐bridged tripodal ligand, only 50% capsule formation is observed through 1H NMR at 100 mM concentration. However, in the presence of N‐bridged tripodal ligand, organic components undergo mutual interactions to opt the cone‐shape conformation and 100% capsule is formed (independent of concentration). The complete process is characterized by IR‐spectra, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, concentration dependent 1H NMR titration spectra, 1H‐1H COSY, 1H‐1H NOESY, DOSY NMR, high resolution ESI mass spectra, and also by energy‐minimized structure.
Leveraging machine learning to create user‐friendly models to mitigate appointment failure at dental school clinics
Authors: Cuevas‐Nunez Maria , Pan Allen , Sangalli Linda , Haering Harold J. , Mitchell John C.
Published: October 2023

Purpose/Objectives

This study had a twofold outcome. The first aim was to develop an efficient, machine learning (ML) model using data from a dental school clinic (DSC) electronic health record (EHR). This model identified patients with a high likelihood of failing an appointment and provided a user‐friendly system with a rating score that would alert clinicians and administrators of patients at high risk of no‐show appointments. The second aim was to identify key factors with ML modeling that contributed to patient no‐show appointments.

Methods

Using de‐identified data from a DSC EHR, eight ML algorithms were evaluated: simple decision tree, bagging regressor classifier, random forest classifier, gradient boosted regression, AdaBoost regression, XGBoost regression, neural network, and logistic regression classifier. The performance of each model was assessed using a confusion matrix with different threshold level of probability; precision, recall and predicted accuracy on each threshold; receiver‐operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC); as well as F1 score.

Results

The ML models agreed on the threshold of probability score at 0.20–0.25 with Bagging classifier as the model that performed best with a F1 score of 0.41 and AUC of 0.76. Results showed a strong correlation between appointment failure and appointment confirmation, patient's age, number of visits before the appointment, total number of prior failed appointments, appointment lead time, as well as the patient's total number of medical alerts.

Conclusions

Altogether, the implementation of this user‐friendly ML model can improve DSC workflow, benefiting dental students learning outcomes and optimizing personalized patient care.
The influence of licensure on ABGC certification examination outcomes
Authors: Wang Baijia , Conway Laura , Taylor Lynne , Valverde Kathleen
Published: October 2023

The genetic counseling field established ABGC certification and state licensure as professional standards for practice. All current state licensure laws require passing the ABGC certification examination, although states differ in their requirements regarding how soon after graduation the examination must be taken. Graduates in states without licensure can schedule the certification examination at their preference. This study explores the influence of licensure requirements on timing to take the examination and likelihood of passing the examination. Genetic counselors who graduated between 2017 and 2021 were invited to complete a 20‐question survey that included demographic information, first‐time pass rates, year of graduation and the month and year they took the certification examination. Usable responses were received from 246 genetic counselors who responded to the survey, a minimum response rate of 12.9%. Participants were largely female (92.7%), white (88.6%), and almost evenly divided between those whose first job was in a state with licensure (56.3%) and one without licensure (43.7%). Those who worked in states with licensure took the examination significantly sooner than those who worked in states without licensure (p = 0.028) and were 2.4 times more likely to fail the first attempt [95% CI = 1.08–5.49]). When asked about personal preference on timing of the examination, those who “would have waited if there were no licensure requirement” were almost 7 times more likely to fail the first attempt (RR = 6.81, 95% CI = 3.10–14.97). This study identified an association between state licensure requirements, genetic counselors' timing of taking the ABGC examination, and their examination performance. The data suggest that the element of choice is an important factor in pass rates. New graduates need to be aware of state‐specific licensure laws' impact on their ability to choose when to take the examination.
遅発性に低血圧とQT延長が生じたグアンファシン中毒の1例(Delayed hypotension and prolonged QT interval due to guanfacine poisoning)
Authors: 史也 井上 , 悠治 岡崎 , 稔久 市場 , 健一郎 柏
Published: October 2023

注意欠如多動性障害の17歳の女性が人間関係のトラブルを契機にグアンファシン3mg錠を50錠自ら過量服薬し来院した。来院時，低血圧はなかったが，傾眠，脈拍低下があり経過観察入院となった。入院翌日，歩行可能な状態となり自宅退院となったが，退院から2日後に自宅で失神し再度救急外来を受診した。脈拍低下，低血圧に加えて，心電図検査でQT延長があり再入院となった。過量服薬から7日後に徐脈およびQT延長は改善し自宅退院となった。グアンファシンは主に脳内のα2A受容体に作用し交感神経系の活動を低下させることで鎮静作用，脈拍低下・降圧作用をもたらす。グアンファシンの半減期は比較的長く，本例のように過量服薬時は傾眠，徐脈，低血圧が長期間遷延することがある。またグアンファシン内服初期は末梢血管平滑筋のα受容体を刺激することで高血圧を引き起こし，続いて中枢神経系への作用による低血圧が起こるという二峰性の血圧変動を来すことがあり，とくに低血圧に関しては遅発性に出現する可能性がある。本例において遅発性にQT延長を起こした原因は，3.4mg/kgと相当量の過量服薬をしていたことが一因と考えられる。グアファジンの過量服薬時は，遅発性に出現しうる低血圧とQT延長に留意した十分な期間の経過観察入院が必要だろう。
Breast‐to‐brain metastasis is exacerbated with chemotherapy through blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier and induces Alzheimer's‐like pathology
Authors: Saatian B. , Deshpande K. , Herrera R. , Sedighi S. , Eisenbarth R. , Iyer M. , Das D. , Julian A. , Martirosian V. , Lowman A. , LaViolette P. , Remsik J. , Boire A. , Sankey E. , Fecci P. E. , Shiroishi M. S. , Chow F. , Hurth K. , Neman J.
Published: October 2023

Control of breast‐to‐brain metastasis remains an urgent unmet clinical need. While chemotherapies are essential in reducing systemic tumor burden, they have been shown to promote non‐brain metastatic invasiveness and drug‐driven neurocognitive deficits through the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), independently. Now, in this study, we investigated the effect of chemotherapy on brain metastatic progression and promoting tumor‐mediated NFT. Results show chemotherapies increase brain‐barrier permeability and facilitate enhanced tumor infiltration, particularly through the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). This is attributed to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) which, in turn, mediates loss of Claudin‐6 within the choroid plexus cells of the BCSFB. Importantly, increased MMP9 activity in the choroid epithelium following chemotherapy results in cleavage and release of Tau from breast cancer cells. This cleaved Tau forms tumor‐derived NFT that further destabilize the BCSFB. Our results underline for the first time the importance of the BCSFB as a vulnerable point of entry for brain‐seeking tumor cells post‐chemotherapy and indicate that tumor cells themselves contribute to Alzheimer's‐like tauopathy.
A dual‐path model of observers' responses to peer voice endorsement: The role of instrumental attribution
Authors: Ni Dan , Yang Mengxi , Chen Wansi
Published: October 2023

Peer voice endorsement is widespread in the workplace. Drawing on social information processing theory and sociofunctional view, this paper proposes that observers' (both negative and positive) psychological and behavioral responses to peer voice endorsement depend on their instrumental attribution for peer voice. Specifically, when observers have a higher level of instrumental attribution, peer voice endorsement is more positively associated with status threat, in turn affecting observers' negative gossip. When observers have a lower level of instrumental attribution, peer voice endorsement is more positively associated with perceived peer competence, which in turn affects observers' role modeling proactive behavior. These results are largely supported by data from a multi‐wave field study and two experimental designs. The theoretical and practical implications of this study and future research directions are presented.
Tribological performance of polymeric friction modifiers under sliding rolling contact condition
Authors: Cyriac Febin , Tee Xin Yi , Chow Pui Shan
Published: October 2023

The tribological performance of two polymeric friction modifiers, one based on an ester‐based compound and another based on an ethoxylated fatty ester and an organic friction modifier, oleamide, was studied at 50, 90 and 140°C using a Mini Traction Machine equipped with optical interferometry and electrical contact resistance. The ability to form surface film is found to vary among the friction modifiers and with temperature and rubbing duration. Despite a thinner film being formed, polymeric friction modifier (PFMs) exhibited lower friction and wear than oleamide at all the studied temperatures. Further, the PFMs reduced boundary friction more effectively at higher temperature. In accordance with lower boundary friction, a smoother surface topography characterized by low wear was exhibited by PFM lubricated surfaces at higher temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray analysis and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry provided insights on the tribofilm formation. The improvement in the tribological performance of PFMs is attributed to temperature‐induced conformation transition of adsorbed polymer chains on the surface. The results are corroborated by data obtained from dynamic light scattering and gel permeation chromatography.
Advances in the Study of Selenium‐Enriched Probiotics: From the Inorganic Se into Se Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiao Dan , Li Tong , Huang Xin , Zhu Kongdi , Li Zimeng , Dong Yulan , Wang Lianshun , Huang Jiaqiang
Published: October 2023

Selenium (Se) is a momentous metallic element that plays an irreplaceable role in biochemical activities. Se deficiency remains a nutritional challenge across the world. Organic Se supplementation is the most effective treatment means for Se deficiency. Organic Se transformed from Se‐enriched probiotics show outstanding excellent properties in antibacteria, anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, and immunoregulation. Studying the influencing factors for Se enrichment capacity and enrichment mechanisms of Se‐enriched probiotics is conducive to the exploit of more potent Se‐enriched probiotics. Se‐enriched probiotics transform inorganic Se into Se nanoparticles (SeNPs), which have been widely used in animal husbandry and biomedical field. In this paper, the novel development of Se‐enriched probiotics is reviewed, and the bioactivities of SeNPs are assessed, so as to display their potential application prospects. The excellent role of SeNPs in anti‐oxidation is summarized, and the mechanism by which SeNPs improve Se deficiency and boost animal health is explained.
Generation of frequency 16‐tupling millimeter wave without filtering based on cascaded Mach–Zehnder modulator
Authors: Wang Chong , Song Kun , Li Miaomiao , Yi Yi , Zhou Mengting , Wu Jiahui
Published: October 2023

A scheme of generating millimeter‐wave signals with 16 times frequency using a cascaded Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed. Optical delay lines (ODLs) are used to place between cascaded MZMs, two MZMs work at the maximum transmission point. By controlling the modulation index of the MZM and the delay of the ODL, 0‐order, ‐order, and ‐order sidebands can be generated. The optical phase shifter and attenuator are adjusted to eliminate the 0‐order sideband, and the photodetector output generates a frequency 16‐tupling millimeter wave (MMW). In the simulation platform, a 160‐GHz MMW signal can be obtained by taking a 10‐GHz radio frequency signal as the driving signal of two MZMs. The optical sideband suppression ratio is 29.92 dB, and the radio frequency sideband suppression ratio is 24.89 dB. Further, the effect of system performance on optical devices under nonideal conditions is also discussed.
The factors that are associated with nurse immigration in lower‐ and middle‐income countries: An integrative review
Authors: Konlan Kennedy Diema , Lee Tae Wha , Damiran Dulamsuren
Published: October 2023

Aim

This study aims to synthesize the factors associated with nurse emigration from lower and middle‐income countries.

Design

Integrative review.

Methods

An in‐depth search of registries and five databases yielded 9466 records. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 11 were chosen after screening by two authors independently. The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

The destination countries were Europe and North America, with an inclination for nurse migration of 14.3%–85%. Emigration factors were poor salary, working conditions, poor quality  healthcare infrastructure; outdated healthcare technologies, lack of employment opportunities, younger age, relationship status (single), living environment, social pressure, urban residence, work experience, insecurity, high crime rates, political corruption and foreign language skills.

Public Contribution

Healthcare authorities and nursing leaders must implement practical measures to minimize nurse emigration.
Preparation and characterizations of antibacterial and electroactive polymeric composites for wound healing applications
Authors: Unnikrishnan Gayathri , Joy Anjumol , Megha M. , Thomas Jibu , Haris M. , Kolanthai Elayaraja , Muthuswamy Senthilkumar
Published: October 2023

Polymer nanocomposites have been utilized for wound healing applications. Compared to the conventional polymer composites, conducting polymer nanocomposites comprising a blend of biocompatible polymers with electroconductive and antibacterial nanofillers such as graphene‐based nanomaterials and metal/metal oxides, have attracted great attention in this arena due to enhanced physical, electrical and biological characteristics. Herein, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide/zinc oxide electroconductive and antibacterial composite hydrogel films were fabricated by solution casting technique, for wound healing applications. The physicochemical and conductivity studies were carried out for all the polymer samples. The successful incorporation of the nanofillers and their even distribution into the PVA‐CS matrix was validated by the scanning electron microscopy‐EDAX, x‐ray diffractometer, Fourier‐transform infrared, and Raman analytical results. An enhancement in the surface roughness of the nanofiller incorporated composite film was elucidated by the topographical images obtained from AFM analysis. The composite with higher concentration of nanofillers exhibited a maximum conductivity of 0.35 10−4 Scm−1 compared to the other fabricated composites. A good antibacterial efficacy, minimal hemolytic activity as well as better thrombogenicity were portrayed by the composite films. Additionally, the nanocomposite films exhibited no cytotoxicity and excellent cell attachment and proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the composite with higher particle concentration, is an ideal candidate for futuristic wound dressing applications with electroconductivity, antimicrobial activity, hemostatic ability, and biocompatibility.

Highlights

Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/GO‐ZnO hydrogel films by solvent‐casting

A maximum conductivity of 0.35 10−4 S/cm obtained for the composite film

Exhibited good antibacterial efficacy and minimal hemolytic activity

Better thrombogenicity and cytocompatibility portrayed by the composite

An ideal candidate for futuristic wound dressing applications
Tandem [4+2]/retro[3+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition reactions of fluorinated‐oxadiazoles with conjugated, unconjugated, cyclic, and acyclic dienes
Authors: Atta‐Kumi Joshua , Baffour Pipim George , Opoku Ernest
Published: October 2023

The tandem reactions of 2,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with conjugated, unconjugated, acyclic, and cyclic dienes have been studied at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The rate‐determining step is the initial [4+2] cycloaddition in the tandem reaction of 2,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with acyclic, cyclic, conjugated, and unconjugated dienes, whereas the stereochemistry of the tandem adduct is determined by the [3+2] step. The exo‐coupling is kinetically favored over the endo‐coupling in the initial [4+2] reaction of 2,5‐(bis‐trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with all the considered dienes. In the retro [3+2] step (N2 extrusion), higher activation energy is required to furnish the carbonyl ylide in the reaction of 2,5‐(bis‐trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with conjugated and unconjugated cyclic dienes as compared with the reaction with unconjugated acyclic dienes. At the stereochemistry [3+2] step, the intermolecular addition is kinetically favored over the intramolecular addition in the [3+2] reaction of 2,5‐(bis‐trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with both conjugated or unconjugated cyclic dienes and unconjugated acyclic dienes. The reaction proceeds with low activation energies when conjugated and unconjugated cyclic dienes are participating, compared with those of unconjugated acyclic dienes. Overall, the tandem process proceeds via an asynchronous one‐step mechanism [4+2] coupling in an exo‐ or endo‐cycloaddition fashion, followed by a retro [3+2], which extrudes the N2, and then the stereo‐determining intermolecular or intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition step, which leads to the tandem products. The polarity of both inter‐ and intra‐molecular cycloaddition steps can be influenced by two factors: the nature of the heteroatom present on the diene molecule and the size of the cyclic diene. These factors play a role in determining the reactivity and electron distribution within the diene, thereby impacting the overall polarity of the cycloaddition reactions.
Phenomic versus genomic prediction—A comparison of prediction accuracies for grain yield in hard winter wheat lines
Authors: Winn Zachary J. , Amsberry Amanda L. , Haley Scott D. , DeWitt Noah D. , Mason Richard Esten
Published: October 2023

Common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key component of global diets, but the genetic improvement of wheat is not keeping pace with the growing demands of the world's population. To increase efficiency and reduce costs, breeding programs are rapidly adopting the use of unoccupied aerial vehicles to conduct high‐throughput spectral analyses. This study examined the effectiveness of multispectral indices in predicting grain yield compared to genomic prediction. Multispectral data were collected on advanced generation yield nursery trials during the 2019–2021 growing seasons in the Colorado State University Wheat Breeding Program. Genome‐wide genotyping was performed on these advanced generations and all plots were harvested to measure grain yield. Two methods were used to predict grain yield: genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) generated by a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (gBLUP) model and phenomic phenotypic estimates (PPEs) using only spectral indices via multiple linear regression (MLR), k‐nearest neighbors (KNNs), and random forest (RF) models. In cross‐validation, PPEs produced by MLR, KNN, and RF models had higher prediction accuracy () than GEBVs produced by gBLUP ( ). In leave‐one‐year‐out forward validation using only multispectral data for 2020 and 2021, PPEs from MLR and KNN models had higher prediction accuracy of grain yield than GEBVs of those same lines. These findings suggest that a limited number of spectra may produce PPEs that are more accurate than or equivalently accurate as GEBVs derived from gBLUP, and this method should be evaluated in earlier development material where sequencing is not feasible.
Controlling the interaction between CaMKII and Calmodulin with a photocrosslinking unnatural amino acid
Authors: Lučić Iva , Jiang Pin‐Lian , Franz Andreas , Bursztyn Yuval , Liu Fan , Plested Andrew J. R.
Published: October 2023

Using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, we made a mutant of CaMKII that forms a covalent linkage to Calmodulin upon illumination by UV light. Like wild‐type CaMKII, the L308BzF mutant stoichiometrically binds to Calmodulin, in a calcium‐dependent manner. Using this construct, we demonstrate that Calmodulin binding to CaMKII, even under these stochiometric conditions, does not perturb the CaMKII oligomeric state. Furthermore, we were able to achieve activation of CaMKII L308BzF by UV‐induced binding of Calmodulin, which, once established, is further insensitive to calcium depletion. In addition to the canonical auto‐inhibitory role of the regulatory segment, inter‐subunit crosslinking in the absence of CaM indicates that kinase domains and regulatory segments are substantially mobile in basal conditions. Characterization of CaMKIIL308BzF in vitro, and its expression in mammalian cells, suggests it could be a promising candidate for control of CaMKII activity in mammalian cells with light.
Continuous adaptive finite‐time stabilization with arbitrarily prescribed settling‐time
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Liu Yungang
Published: October 2023

Rapid convergence that can be prescribed by a user is appealing for many applications with high requirements. This stimulates finite‐time stabilization with arbitrarily prescribed settling‐time and so‐called prescribed‐time stabilization. But their continuous realizations had to restrict uncertainties and/or to bear truncated run of controllers. This paper, for nonlinear systems with large uncertainties, realizes not only the convergence within the prescribed time, but also the non‐truncated run. First, by lending finite‐time stabilization to prescribed‐time stabilization and integrating dynamic compensation, an adaptive controller with time‐varying components is devised such that the system state reaches the origin at a finite time less than the prescribed time, while exhibiting local asymptotic stability (of the origin). Then by monitoring the finite time online, the time‐varying components of the adaptive controller are frozen as their values at the finite time. The asymptotic stability guarantees the frozen adaptive controller can make the system state remain at the origin for all future time. But the above finite time could not be detected in practice, due to ubiquitous disturbances. We thus modified the detection to ensure that the system state enters a vicinity of the origin before the prescribed time and stays there afterwards under some conditions on uncertainties and disturbances. Two simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Coaxing corporations: Enriching the conceptualization of governments as strategic actors
Authors: Gill Michael J. , Gill David J.
Published: October 2023

Research Summary

Little is known about how governments secure discrete resources from global corporations over which they have limited direct control. Utilizing declassified archival sources, we examine how the UK government influenced Moody's and Standard & Poor's to provide the highest possible credit ratings in 1978, despite the UK receiving an International Monetary Fund bailout 2 years earlier. We develop a process model to explain how democratic government officials employ distinctive processes to enable and facilitate a nonmarket approach of corporate coaxing to influence corporations' decision making. We thereby enrich the concept of governments as a strategic actors by illuminating how officials act to secure resources when in a position of dependence.

Managerial Summary

We sought to understand how governments attempt to influence corporations' decision making when they have limited direct control over these corporations. We examined the historical case of the UK government seeking to influence Moody's and Standard and Poor's. In this case, we identified the distinctive strategy of corporate coaxing to explain how government officials navigate the distinctive constraints, and leverage the unique strengths, of their democratic state, to exert influence on private and global corporations. Our findings show how governments can be more active stakeholders in corporate activity than commonly assumed, as their subtle influence can extend beyond state policies or regulations.