bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NO SATISFACTION: Research Incompetence in the Study of Human Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Rogers Tracy
Published: April 2021

The author traces the history of the study of sexuality as a science. This paper acknowledges that social constructions both define and limit the type of research conducted on issues of sex and sexuality, as well as acceptable methodologies and, since there is a 'scientific' framework imposed on sexuality, one cannot address questions about research design and paradigms without first identifying and elucidating social constructions of sexuality. Masturbation has been chosen as a focus for this discussion since its social construction has undergone a complete reversal over the past two hundred years. It therefore provides an excellent example of the manner in which social constructions develop and are modified in response to wider social forces. [editor's abstract]
Evading Evasion
Authors: Mohammed Elsabagh Mostafa
Published: April 2021

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has paved the way for realizing gene-editing, but its main weakness lies in its potential for off-target effects. Studies into phages reveal that they express “anti-CRISPR” proteins which if harnessed, could provide us with the solution to this lack of control.
What’s Wrong with Me? What’s Wrong with You? The Issue of Over-Diagnosing ADHD in Children
Authors: Redublo Tyler
Published: April 2021

Historically, the field of mental health has been shrouded in controversy and conflict. The problems associated with diagnosing mental illnesses are still prevalent today, and this process becomes even more complicated when assessing children, who have yet to develop mature social skills and cognitive functioning. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the mental health conditions that is diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Overwhelming support from the primary literature suggests that the current procedures of diagnosing ADHD- which begin during childhood- allow for a high degree of subjectivity, inconsistency, and uncertainty. For these reasons, the issue of over-diagnosing ADHD in children has become more significant, and more plausible than ever before. By outlining the key factors that contribute to this problem, certain modifications can be made to improve the ADHD diagnostic procedures for future applications. These changes can increase the accuracy of mental health assessments, thus minimizing the number of false positive diagnoses of ADHD in children worldwide.
How Our Healthcare System Failed During the SARS Outbreak
Authors: Colarossi Bianca
Published: April 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an active pandemic in the spring of 2003, ravaging places such as Hong Kong and Canada. In Ontario, the healthcare system was extremely unprepared, hence resulting in a multitude of deaths, in which many were healthcare professionals. In contrast, Vancouver took the necessary precautions leading up to the outbreak, and the benefits of this can be seen in their low death toll. In the future, the Ontario healthcare system needs to learn from these mistakes by preparing personal protective equipment and educating healthcare professionals on proper infectious disease control protocol. This is a call to action for the Ontario healthcare system.
Review of Glomerular Diseases: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD)
Authors: Sohi Gursharan Kaur
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) are chronic glomerulopathies which may compromise patients’ quality of life, and for which there is no cure. This literature review aimed to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and best available treatment for the two conditions in order to outline a consolidated treatment protocol and identify future research considerations.

Methods: PubMed was systematically searched by a single reviewer in order to identify primary studies pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment and classification of FSGS and MCD. Additionally, a hand search of UpToDate was conducted to glean further information about the best available evidence as summarized for clinician use. Relevant information was extracted and synthesized.

Results: Primary FSGS and MCD result from distinct pathogenic mechanisms, hypothesized to involve kidney injury via immune dysregulation. Patients require a kidney biopsy for diagnostic purposes. First-line treatment involves glucocorticoids (i.e. prednisone), although patients’ responsiveness may be inconsistent; second-line treatment is immunotherapy.

Conclusion: This review summarized clinically-important information about FSGS and MCD, and emphasized the need for further research in the field of clinical nephrology. Large scale trials such as the Cure Glomerulonephropathy should be conducted to gather information about the affected population.
Artificial Intelligence Can Improve the Healthcare System
Authors: Kuganesan Anchana
Published: April 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer system used to model human cognitive functions, intelligence, and behaviour. Components include both, a virtual and a physical aspect. Virtual aspects of AI include algorithms and neural networks instilled within the system to execute its assignments. Physical components include the entity in conjunction with a code. 1 AI is currently being developed by Nvidia Corporation, Alphabet, Twilio, Amazon, Micron Technology, Microsoft Corp., Baidu, Intel Corp., Facebook, and Tencent. 2 Expanding AI into the health care system can be beneficial for preventative care, patient safety, and reducing treatment costs for families. AI has proven to be useful in machine learning, thus, it can be programmed to complete specific tasks. By performing tasks such as data interpretation, the amount of time that it takes for a physician to consult patients regarding their results will be reduced. In addition, AI is capable of analyzing medical images to identify tumours and it has previously been used in various other branches of medicine such as neurology and cardiology. Overall, AI has great potential to improve the health care industry in North America and worldwide. However, potential violations while utilizing personal patient data must be addressed whilst modifying this technology.
Newly Discovered Cell Shape Promoting Protein Complex Involved in the Maintenance of Distinct Helical Shape of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Paczkowski Freeman
Published: April 2021

The distinct helical shape of the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) assists this organism in colonizing the digestive organs of its target host. It has been discovered that a key determinant of helical cell shape formation in H. pylori is the Csd5 protein, which engages in multiple cell shape promoting interactions with the cell wall and other various proteins. This finding has significant clinical implications, as it outlines Csd5 as a potential drug target for treating H. pylori infection in the future.
Immortal Hydra as a Model Organism for Metal Toxicity Studies
Authors: Nykolay Alice , Shahid Aiman
Published: April 2021

Toxicology is an interdisciplinary scientific field that explores the impact, epidemiology, and treatment regimens for exposure to various toxic compounds and elements. Many toxicants such as metals have not yet been comprehensively examined, and a plethora of metal-related conditions are currently untreatable. Hydra is an immortal freshwater organism that serves as an excellent model for toxicity studies due to its natural availability, anatomical simplicity, yet comparatively complex physiology. This review will examine the significance of hydra toxicity studies, outline current experimental designs, as well as summarize the most commonly tested metals. Altogether, comprehensive toxicity studies on Hydra might provide promising breakthroughs in the understanding of toxicity-related physiology, and can be applied to clinical research and practice to ultimately improve health and wellbeing of those affected by metal-related disorders.
Is Complementary and Alternative Medicine a Legitimate Treatment for Infertility Today?
Authors: Sikander Duha
Published: April 2021

With a rise in the use of alternative medicine, such as acupuncture, reflexology, and herbal remedies to treat infertility, it is important to consider if such treatment regimens are rooted in evidence. This piece provides a brief overview of the literature on the efficacy of common forms of alternative methods to treat infertility and concludes by suggesting potential reasons for its increased use.
Prevention of Dengue Virus through Citizen Science
Authors: Karim Aayman
Published: April 2021

Dengue virus, a mosquito-borne viral infection native to many subtropical regions, is transmitted from Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus mosquitoes to human hosts, resulting in debilitating symptoms for the affected persons.1 Common vector grounds for these female mosquitoes include uncovered water storage containers and garbage disposal units that are commonly observed amongst endemic regions.1,2,5 The virus symptomatology resembles the flu. However, unlike the flu, there is little knowledge about the infectious mechanism utilized by the virus. As a result, opportunities for drug discovery, effective prevention, and management strategies to tackle the infection are hindered. This paper aims to embark on a discussion regarding the lack of awareness and prevention of the dissemination of this virus. Furthermore, it will discuss a citizen science approach to address the public health burden imposed by the Dengue virus and outline suggested improvements in disease control strategies.
Origins of Life
Authors: Mahoney Hannah
Published: April 2021

When, where, and how did life on Earth originate? The origin of life problem involves multiple scientific disciplines and has spanned multiple decades. It can be summarized into three stages: (1) the origin of biological monomers, (2) the origin of biological polymers, and (3) the emergence and evolution of cells. While highly speculative, the connections between these stages are theorized by attempting to determine the geochemical situations which could have driven chemical evolution and allow for the emergence of specific chemical functions of biological systems. This review summarizes reported findings relevant to the early Earth environment and the main theories in the origin of life subject. Specific focus is placed on the metabolism first, RNA world, and compartmentalization first theories as they are involved in the origin of life paradox. The review then discusses submarine hydrothermal vents as a possible location for which life could have occurred. Understanding of information pertaining to the origin of life is important as it allows for advancement and discoveries in other fields of science and medicine. Overall, the aim of this review is to display the relevant information about the origin of life theory and highlight the importance of future research.
Review on Anti-CD19 CAR T Therapy against B-Cell Malignancies and Future Implications
Authors: Tywonek Kasia M. , Hurtarte Milena
Published: April 2021

This review examines CAR T CD19 immunotherapy, a newly FDA approved targeted therapy for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia treatment. This therapy utilizes modified T cells from the patient's immune system, engineered to possess an anti-CD19 receptor that can recognize the specific CD19 antigen expressed on the surface of malignant B-lymphocytes. Using this highly individualized treatment, cancer types with a high rate of metastasis or relapse can be treated by the targeted nature of this therapy. The review aims to summarize the process through which CAR T was developed, from its inception to FDA approval. The material examined is current until March 2019 and explores the mechanisms and management of CAR T cell toxicity experienced by patients undergoing treatment. Clinical trials from respective stages of development are also detailed and summarized. The viable treatment options for patients suffering from B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) are outlined. Despite the promising remission rates of CAR T therapy, its accessibility is limited due to current cost of treatment. With advancements in technology and improved understanding of immune-based therapies, it is possible that this method  can become a more viable and affordable treatment option for patients in the future.
Reviewing Inequities in Primary Care Received by Indigenous Peoples in Ontario
Authors: Shahaed Heba , Sandhu Guneet , Seidlitz Eric
Published: April 2021

Research has shown that Indigenous peoples in Canada experience health inequities when compared to the non-Indigenous population. High quality primary care has been described in literature; however, this has not been explored through the lens of Indigenous health. A scoping review was performed in order to investigate the quality of primary care received by indigenous peoples in Ontario. To conduct this review, a search of current literature on primary care in Indigenous communities in Ontario was performed. The studies examined in this review were derived from four different databases and many evaluated specific communities using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Several themes were identified including inadequate preparation and training of health care providers, physician and nursing shortages, strategies associated with improved quality of care, management of mental health, disparities in health service delivery station types and ineffective primary care impacts on hospitalizations. This literature search demonstrated a clear gap in the literature on the quality of primary care received by the Indigenous population in Ontario. Thus, further research is necessary in order to outline the current state of primary care being delivered to Indigenous populations in Ontario, and develop strategies to enhance the quality of care for this population.
Mapping Neodymium Model Ages of the Quebecia Terrane Near Saguenay, Quebec
Authors: Formenti Serena , Dickin Alan
Published: April 2021

The geological evolution of the Grenville Province remains a subject of confusion among geologists. Orogenic events have deformed the original features, making the geology of the area challenging to delineate. This study maps the distribution of crustal formation ages within the Quebecia terrane of the Grenville Province. This provides insight into the crustal provenance of the geological units present. Previous research suggested the presence of slivers of Paleoproterozoic crust (>1.65 Ga) within Pinwarian crust (1.5 Ga). Four geological samples were analyzed from the southern side of the Saguenay graben, where the Paleoproterozoic crustal slivers were thought to extend. Analysis through TDM model ages derived from Sm-Nd radiogenic dating aimed to identify the boundaries of these slivers. Determining the model age distribution within the terrane allows for further delineation of the geological history of the region. The samples analyzed in this study yielded Pinwarian TDM model ages, indicating that slivers of old crust are not present within the study area. These results provide further constraints in the detailed structure of the Quebecia composite arc belt and the geological events preserved within the Grenville Province.
Evaluating the use of biomarkers for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in neonates
Authors: Butani Nikhila , Mondal Tapas
Published: April 2021

Myocardial infarction is defined as the obstruction of blood flow to the heart, resulting in oxygen deprivation. While myocardial infarction in adults is common and has sufficient diagnostic strategies, there remain gaps in the diagnostic strategies for myocardial infarction in neonates. Presently, biomarkers such as creatine-kinase MB, brain natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, and troponin are believed to be potential diagnostic tools for neonatal myocardial infarction. This literature review explores the efficacy of biomarkers for early diagnosis of neonatal myocardial infarction. The review concludes that creatine-kinase MB, brain natriuretic peptide, and myoglobin do not serve as accurate biomarkers for myocardial infarction in neonates. However, cardiac troponins, in particular cardiac troponin I, have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing myocardial injury. Cardiac troponins experience rapid elevation upon myocardial injury, and they remain unaffected by gestational age and birth weight. In addition, they do not cross the placenta and are therefore intrinsic to the neonate. Future research should be conducted to verify the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of cardiac troponins as myocardial infarction biomarkers.
Urban health — What it is and Why We Should Care
Authors: Sood Tushar , Mammarella Bianca
Published: April 2021

Urban health is a field of study that draws upon multiple disciplines including sociology, public health, epidemiology, and geography among others. This piece argues for the further development and prioritization of urban health as an area of research. This is discussed with respect to structural health inequalities, urbanization and urbanicity, and demographic change. Urban health is inherently complex and needs a multifaceted approach to tackle unique public health problems. This complexity, alongside its potential to inform emerging areas of scientific research such as neurourbanism, makes developing urban health of utmost priority.
A Hierarchy of Functional States in Working Memory
Authors: Muhle-Karbe Paul S. , Myers Nicholas E. , Stokes Mark G.
Published: April 2021

Extensive research has examined how information is maintained in working memory (WM), but it remains unknown how WM is used to guide behavior. We addressed this question by combining human electrophysiology (50 subjects, male and female) with pattern analyses, cognitive modeling, and a task requiring the prolonged maintenance of two WM items and priority shifts between them. This enabled us to discern neural states coding for memories that were selected to guide the next decision from states coding for concurrently held memories that were maintained for later use, and to examine how these states contribute to WM-based decisions. Selected memories were encoded in a functionally active state. This state was reflected in spontaneous brain activity during the delay period, closely tracked moment-to-moment fluctuations in the quality of evidence integration, and also predicted when memories would interfere with each other. In contrast, concurrently held memories were encoded in a functionally latent state. This state was reflected only in stimulus-evoked brain activity, tracked memory precision at longer timescales, but did not engage with ongoing decision dynamics. Intriguingly, the two functional states were highly flexible, as priority could be dynamically shifted back and forth between memories without degrading their precision. These results delineate a hierarchy of functional states, whereby latent memories supporting general maintenance are transformed into active decision circuits to guide flexible behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWorking memory enables maintenance of information that is no longer available in the environment. Abundant neuroscientific work has examined where in the brain working memories are stored, but it remains unknown how they are represented and used to guide behavior. Our study shows that working memories are represented in qualitatively different formats, depending on behavioral priorities. Memories that are selected for guiding behavior are encoded in an active state that transforms sensory input into decision variables, whereas other concurrently held memories are encoded in a latent state that supports precise maintenance without affecting ongoing cognition. These results dissociate mechanisms supporting memory storage and usage, and open the door to reveal not only where memories are stored but also how.
Henriette Renié: A Threefold Legacy
Authors: Stahlhut Jacy
Published: April 2021

In 1810, Sébastien Érard patented a double-action mechanism that would dramatically alter the trajectory of the pedal harp. While this invention granted the harp a newfound voice in orchestral music, the harp still struggled to gain ground as a solo instrument. The harp’s increased complexity necessitated that harpists themselves explore the instrument’s abilities and demonstrate these to the musical world. It is to one such harpist, Henriette Renié, that the harp owes much of its credibility as an instrument worthy of the solo stage. From her prodigious beginnings at Paris Conservatoire, Renié’s concerts captivated musicians and the public alike. Her spirit on stage exuded a love of the harp and indeed, of beauty itself. Finding existing literature to be somewhat limited, Renié gifted the harp repertoire with significant works that showcased the harp’s virtuosic abilities and inimitable qualities. Yet, her influence might not have been so widespread had it not been for her love of teaching. Committed to cultivating a love of the harp in each of her students, Renié instructed numerous harpists, including Mildred Dilling, Marcel Grandjany, and Susann McDonald. This article demonstrates Mlle. Renié’s vital role in the advancement of the harp as a solo instrument by drawing on biographical information, interview transcriptions, student testimonials, and score study. Renié heralded the harp’s potential for the entirety of her career, and her legacy rightly serves as an inspiration to today’s harpists. In surveying the impact of her performances, compositions, and teaching, it is clear that Mlle. Renié’s mastery of the harp was outmatched only by her love for it.
Creative Emotion and Understanding of Democracy in the Philosophy of H. Bergson
Authors: Aleksandravičius Povilas
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the concept of creative emotion (émotion créatrice) and the understanding of democracy, which arises out of it, in the philosophy of Bergson is analysed. This specific emotion does not depend on an object’s intellectual representation; therefore, Bergson refers to it as “supra-intellectual.” Contrary to the usual “infra-intellectual” emotions, it is primary in regard of the mind and the will, and it comprises the fundamental matrix of creative acts of the human being. Creative emotion is one of the forms of the intuition of duration that is rooted in élan vital. It not only determines the essential changes in the fields of art, religion or science, but also re-configures the political rationality by revealing a deeper form of sociality. Thus, the presumed anti-sociality of the philosophy of Bergson is denied. In his last work, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, Bergson shows how creative emotion transforms understanding of democracy and how it turns this political conception into a dynamic movement corresponding to the deep process of the human being and the whole reality.
Anti-Metaphysical Readings of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Authors: Tarai Ashoka Kumar
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses certain anti-metaphysical readings of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The metaphysical and anti-metaphysical readings can be divided on the interpretations of textual fidelity. The anti-metaphysical readings can be differentiated in taking into account two different understandings with regard to Wittgenstein’s pronouncement of nonsense in Tractatus. One is the logical positivists’ understanding of nonsense and the other is the resolute reading of the text that emerged as an opposite to the orthodox or standard reading. The aim of discussing these anti-metaphysical readings is to highlight whether a metaphysical reading is possible.
Ressentiment in Egalitarian Movements: Slavoj Žižek’s Response to Peter Sloterdijk
Authors: Andrijauskas Jokūbas
Published: April 2021

I discuss Peter Sloterdijk’s critique of egalitarian projects presented in his book Zorn und Zeit and Slavoj Žižek’s response to it. My claim is that both of these thinkers show an oscillation between polemical and analytical aspects when using the concept of ressentiment. By using the concept of ressentiment, Sloterdijk explains the transformation of anger in Western societies. He holds that the atemporal anger, which characterized ancient greeks assumes a temporal form and becomes the project of revenge and ressentiment under Christianity and later emancipatory movements. I show that alongside this view, the author implies a political-polemical argumentation with the intent of delegitimizing the political left movements. Then I discuss the notion of ressentiment in Žižek’s view, which implies the same ambivalence, on the one hand, this concept is introduced as an alternative to Sloterdijk’s attempts at delegitimization, on the other, it seeks to explain anger and revenge related phenomena. At last, I claim that Sloterdijk’s and Žižek’s positions differ on the polemical aspect, but are compatible analytically.
Max van Manen’s Phenomenology of Practice: Relation with Education Sciences and Philosophy
Authors: Kairė Sandra
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates the method of the phenomenology of practice developed by the Canadian scholar Max van Manen. The paper describes the development and the main aspects of the phenomenology of practice as well as its importance and relevance to education sciences. However, in line with the critical remarks of the philosopher Dan Zahavi, the paper argues that there are fundamental problems with the phenomenology of practice in regard to phenomenology as philosophy. It is suggested that a researcher who applies this approach in his or her research should be cautious, critically evaluate van Manen’s presentation of phenomenology, and start his/her research from the phenomenological philosophy. Moreover, the paper argues that phenomenology should not be considered only as a methodological approach.
The history of the studying word building in the Mordovian languages
Authors: Ariskina Tatiana P.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article provides an overview of research regarding word building in the Mordovian languages. The purpose of the study is to highlight the history of the study of word building in the Mordovian languages, and to analyze the works of D. V. Tsygankin, who made a significant contribution to the study of Mordovian derivatology, to the formation of the principles of its teaching and analysis.
Materials and Methods. The material of the research is based on word building in the Mordovian languages. The work was performed using descriptive, comparative and historical-typological methods.
Results and Discussion. Word building is considered a new research area. In Russia its formation is associated with the name of M. V. Lomonosov. In the design of word building as a academic branch in the 19th century the main role belongs to representatives of four scientific schools in Russia: in Moscow, Kharkov, Kazan and Petersburg. Word building has been considered as an independent object of study only since the mid–1940s, and since the late 1960s as a separate linguistic discipline. This progress became possible primarily thanks to the works by V. V. Vinogradov. A special role in the study of derivational processes in the Mordovian languages belongs to D. V. Tsygankin. The scholar described word formation as a system, defined basic concepts, characterized the methods of word formation, identified productive models, traced changes in word-building morphonology, developed the principles of studying word formation in higher education.
Conclusion. A fairly large amount of material has been accumulated on the organization of the word-building system in the Mordovian languages. The number of works in the field of word building continues to grow, but not all of its problems have been resolved. For example, there is a need to develop a new classification of word building methods based on emerging data about the language.
Borel Directions and the Uniqueness of Algebroid Functions Dealing with Multiple Values
Authors: Tan Yang , Zhang Qingcai
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of algebroid functions in angular domain by the method of conformal mapping. We discuss the relations between the Borel directions and uniquenss with the multiple values of algebroid functions and obtain some results which extend some uniqueness results of meromorphic functions to that of algebroid functions.
Sticky Polymatroids on At Most Five Elements
Authors: Csirmaz László
Published: April 2021

The sticky polymatroid conjecture states that any two extensions of the polymatroid have an amalgam if and only if the polymatroid has no non-modular pairs of flats. We show that the conjecture holds for polymatroids on five or less elements.
Molecular Markers (RAPD and SSR) Based Characterisation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Moss Hyophila Involuta
Authors: Pandey S. , Alam A.
Published: April 2021

Genetic relationships among 24 genotypes ofHyophila involutacollected from five different natural populations of Mount Abu (Rajasthan) is analysed using RAPD and SSR markers. Based on efficiency parameters calculated for each marker system such as polymorphic information content (RAPD = 0.34; SSR = 0.66), marker index (RAPD = 2.78; SSR = 2.62) and resolving power (RAPD = 8.13; SSR = 2.23), the RAPD marker system shows higher values for some indices but microsatellites are more accurately reproducible than RAPD. Moreover, in case of the SSR, the average number of alleles was almost twice compared to RAPD. Mean coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations with RAPD was Gst = 0.269, while with SSR marker was Fst = 0.224. The UPGMA cluster analysis assembled genotypes into two main clusters with diverse levels of sub-clustering within the clusters. Also, the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances. The observed moderately high genetic variability can be explained by efficient spore dispersal. Other factors such as reproductive mode, somatic mutation, continuous propagule recruitment and high degree of intermingling have great impact on the level of genetic variability in moss populations.
Notes on Extended Distribution of Drepanolejeunea Spicata and Lejeunea Stevensiana (Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta) Two Scarcely known Species in India
Authors: Singh S. K. , Kumar S.
Published: April 2021

Two species of Lejeuneaceae, Drepanolejeunea spicata and Lejeunea stevensiana have been reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya, respectively. Both the species are poorly known in Indian bryoflora. Till now, the former one is known in India only through collection made by W. Giffith (JE-H3412) from an unknown locality of Assam, while the latter one has limited distribution in India and is known from Kerala, Sikkim and Darjeeling only. The detailed taxonomic descriptions and line drawing illustrations of both the species have been presented to assist with their future identification.
Bryocrumia Malabarica Spec. Nova (Bryophyta, Hypnaceae), A Second Species of the Genus from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Manju C. N. , Prajitha B. , Prakashkumar R. , Ma W. Z.
Published: April 2021

A new species similar to Bryocrumia vivicolor, the only known species in the genus Bryocrumia, is described as Bryocrumia malabarica spec. nova from the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kerala in Peninsular India. It resembles Homalia in external appearance and was collected in a rheophytic habitat along a stream channel in the evergreen forest. The new species is characterised by closely arranged leaves with distinct tricostate, ovate-rounded to truncate leaves, upper margin of leaf rounded with fine serrations and an inconspicuous central strand in stem cross section.
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma in Lynch/Muir-Torre Syndrome with Germline Pathogenic Variant in MSH6 and Molecular Analysis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yang Yu , Dhar Shweta , Taylor Jennifer , Krishnan Bhuvaneswari
Published: April 2021

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder due to pathogenic variations in the mismatch repair genes, which predisposes to malignancies, most commonly colon and endometrial carcinoma. Muir-Torre syndrome is a subset of LS with cutaneous sebaceous adenoma and keratoacanthoma in addition to the malignancies. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with LS is extremely rare. Only 26 cases have been reported and among them, only two cases of papillary RCC. We report a case of synchronous papillary RCC and colonic adenocarcinoma in an 85-year-old male with Lynch/Muir-Torre syndrome. The LS was diagnosed when he presented with multiple sebaceous adenomas and genetic testing showed a pathogenic variant in MSH6 mismatch repair gene. A colonoscopy at that time showed multiple tubular adenomas with high-grade dysplasia. He was lost to follow-up and presented with gastrointestinal bleeding after 20 years. A right colonic mass, and a solid mass in the lower pole of the right kidney, was detected by imaging. Right Colectomy showed a T3N0 mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Right nephrectomy showed a T3a papillary RCC which was microsatellite stable with MSH6, and KRAS mutation. The 36-month follow-up exams showed additional sebaceous neoplasms, and an absence of metastatic carcinoma. Analysis of the reported cases of RCC in LS show clear cell RCC as the most common type. These tumors showed MLH1 mutation most commonly, unlike the urothelial malignancies in LS which involve MSH2. Among the 4 cases of RCC with MSH6 mutation, three were in females, indicating some gender differences.
Building relationships at school by responding to the individual needs of students and teachers using the Process Communication Model®
Authors: Hady Anna
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the basic concepts and practical application of the Process Communication Model® in the field of education. PCM® is a psychological personality model developed by the American clinical psychologist Dr. Taibi Kahler (Pauley, J., Bradley, D., Pauley J., 2002, p. xxiii). The model shows how to communicate effectively taking into account different personality types by using communication channels and gives the key to recognizing psychological needs and the resulting individual motivations specific to the base type of personality and phase, i.e. the currently dominant personality type (Kahler, 2008, pp. 45-81, 111–116). Also practical conclusions from the application of the model in the field of education in schools in the USA are presented (Donlan, 2003, pp. 48-49).
Communicators in e-learning – recommendations for teaching practice at the times of coronavirus COVID-19 – report from pilot research
Authors: Siemieniecka Dorota
Published: April 2021

The text presents an excerpt from qualitative research conducted in the situation of coronavirus COVID-19 at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. 50 students took part in the qualitative research. The aim of the aforesaid research was to determine the ways in which students use Internet tools for educational purposes at the time of the pandemics and what are their expectations concerning the educational use of Internet communicators by their lecturers. The research was to diagnose the state of e-learning (with respect to the group of NCU students) and, after data analysis, to make recommendations for educational practice. The results obtained show that the majority of students use communicators for educational purposes, especially to work on projects with their colleagues. They also seek help in a group of their friends, whereas lecturers rarely appreciate possibilities of using communicators in education.
Information technology as an important tool in contemporary lifelong learning
Authors: Cęcelek Grażyna
Published: April 2021

The pace of civilization changes taking place in our country causes radical changes in all spheres of life, which is also reflected in the educational reality. Competitiveness of the labor market, globalization processes and the development of new technologies necessitate the necessity of lifelong education as a key factor determining both personal development and life success, as well as the stable development of society and the knowledge-based economy. Therefore, the concept of lifelong learning is becoming more and more important, in the implementation of which the newest information and communication technologies play a special role. The computer network offers enormous possibilities of reaching information, searching for it, storing and processing it. Information technology available at any time and place, enabling constant access to knowledge and adapting the pace of learning to the individual needs of the student, is an extremely important tool for the implementation of the tasks of modern lifelong education.
Students of pedagogy on social relations at the beginning of the pandemic – in the light of a qualitative analysis of their personal and social reflectiveness
Authors: Galanciak Sylwia , Siwicki Marek
Published: April 2021

The article presents partial results of qualitative research concerning opinions of pedagogy students on the psychological-social situation experienced by people at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The necessity of limiting the transmission of the virus sentenced whole societies to home confinement, limited their mobility and people-to-people contacts, brought the world to a standstill. For many, it also became an inspiration to reflect on the current hierarchy of values. 36 students of the Maria Grzegorzewska University were the sample of the research and they were divided into two age groups - those beginning their studies and those finishing them. They were asked to prepare short essays collecting their reflections from the first stage of the pandemic. The texts wereanalysed in accordance with the research methodology. There were 4 key categories singled out in the students’ utterances, which made it possible to show the group differences in their attitude towards discussed issues. The younger respondents were more concentrated on their personal perspective and their opinions were more emotional and optimistic. The older respondents showed more distance towards reality, their remarks were bitter and targeted the issues of social policy, consumerism and egoism of modern societies, more frequently treating the question of the pandemic not as an end in itself but as a springboard for more thorough social criticism.
The (un)commonness of being ill. The kaleidoscope of colours, smells, and tastes in hospital school
Authors: Moczia Krystyna
Published: April 2021

The research has been aimed at examining how children and teenagers perceive their everyday life during their hospitalization and to show the ways that allow these patients to leave behind unpleasant emotions resulting from both the illness itself and the monotony of being confined to a hospital. The everyday life has been presented here as both commonness and uncommonness. Furthermore, solitude and boredom have been discussed as states experienced by pupils suffering from protracted diseases, followed by a presentation of teacher-therapists’ reflections on (un)commonness of their work in hospital conditions. The research has been conducted with the participation of pupils and teachers at Special Needs Elementary School No. 38 and Special Needs Junior High School No. 38, both of which constitute departments of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Zabrze
Relationships between socioeconomic factors versus the anthropometric and motor characteristics of Polish female university students (2000–2018)
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Marzec Arkadiusz
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between socioeconomic factors (SES), anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of female university students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2000-2018 on 3955 female university students aged 19.72 ± 0.75 years who were randomly selected from the population of students attending obligatory physical education (PE) classes. The participants’ body mass and height were measured, and the students participated in 13 motor ability tests that assessed their speed/agility, flexibility, strength, endurance-strength, and endurance abilities. Multiple independent samples were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test or the mean-ranks post-hoc test when significant differences were observed in the participants’ motor abilities. Results: Statistically significant differences in the participants’ body mass, body height, BMI and motor abilities (speed/agility, flexibility – partly, strength, and strength-endurance) were associated with differences in the students’ SES. Greater mean differences in SES were associated with differences in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of students. Environmental factors such as the place of permanent residence, monthly budgets, mother’s and father’s educational background were least likely to be associated with female students’ endurance abilities. Conclusions: Female students who had higher monthly budgets, resided in large cities, and had better educated parents were generally taller and had a higher level of motor abilities. An inverse relationship was noted between motor abilities vs. body mass and BMI.
Orel – the Catholic physical education association : foreign relations up to 1929
Authors: Tlustý Tomáš
Published: April 2021

This paper looks at the history of Orel, the Catholic physical education association, and its foreign relations up to 1929. The origins of the Orel movement in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary go back to the turn of the 20th century when the first local Orel associations were established. These associations were strongly connected with Czech political Catholicism. Shortly after being formed, their functionaries began to establish their first contacts with existing foreign organizations. Most of these organizations were from the area of contemporary Slovenia. Their number rose significantly after the First World War when the newly independent Czechoslovakian Orel became a member of the Catholic physical education union – UIOCEP. The members of this organization were all around the world. The number of foreign contacts it had established was also on the increase. The first international physical educational festival, which helped Czechoslovak Orel with its development, was organized in Brno in 1922. But the Czechoslovakian Orel had planned a second big festival of physical education for 1929, hoping to further extend its number of foreign friends. The second physical educational festival was also successful. It helped Czechoslovak Orel to increase its influence in UIOCEP where it became the second-largest organization.
Sports and recreation facilities in schools – history and present state
Authors: Pawlikowska-Piechotka Anna
Published: April 2021

The tradition of school sports facilities has its roots in ancient civilizations, primarily in ancient Greece. The preserved ruins of gymnasiums at Delphi, Olympia, Millet, Priene, Dedina, Pergamon, Ephesus or Thermessos, document well that sports facilities were a major part of the education system. They served not only for students and sports training but were opened to the public, used for social gatherings, political meetings and disputes. Contemporary school sports facilities derived from the 19th-century concept of the school’s educational program. It also included the indoor and outdoor physical education classes and facilities used for ‘body-building exercises’ - as it was named. In Poland, according to the current basic curriculum of the Ministry of National Education, the goal of physical education is to shape the long life habit of physical activity. The school activities should develop the appropriate interests and attitudes of students. Therefore, school activities should meet the needs, interests and abilities of the individual student as fully as possible. The present regulations of the Ministry of Education demand, that such classes should take place in a well-equipped sports hall or on a school playground.
Collaborative Environmental Science Courses: Bridging between Undergraduate Research into Energy Issues in Malaysia and the United States
Authors: Purvis-Roberts Kathleen L.
Published: April 2021

With support from the EnviroLab Asia initiative at the Claremont Colleges, I redeveloped my Environmental Chemistry course for undergraduates to focus on environmental issues in Asia. I collaborated with a colleague from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) who was teaching a similar course for master’s-level students in Bangi, Malaysia. Our students worked on projects together comparing different aspects of renewable energy in the two countries. At the end of the semester, my students traveled to UKM for a symposium with my colleague’s students and continued working on their research projects to turn them into publishable papers. The Claremont Colleges students greatly benefited from both the academic and cultural learning that occurred during our travel. I am currently developing a network of faculty at universities in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies who have their students work on data-gathering and/or analysis projects that can be useful for policymaking by the APEC Energy Working Group.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Hemiarthroplasty in the First Proximal Phalanx. A Finite Element StudyBiomechanical Evaluation of Hemiarthroplasty in the First Proximal Phalanx. A Finite Element Study
Authors:   , Madrid-Pérez M. A.
Published: April 2021

Hallux rigidus produces a decrease in the dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and is usually associated with the appearance of osteophytes. Hemiarthroplasty in the first proximal phalanx is a recommended surgical procedure in patients with advanced grade of hallux rigidus. Finite element analysis allows us to understand the biomechanical behavior of the foot. The objective of this work is to evaluate the biomechanical effects of an hemi implant placed in first proximal phalanx. Two models of finite elements are going to be compared, one free of pathologies and the other with a hemiarthroplasty in the first ray of the foot. We detected after inserting the prosthesis in the model that passive windlass mechanism is lost, and the lesser toes become overloaded, which leads to a loss of efficiency in gait as well as being able to cause postsurgical medical complications.
Szerkesztői közlemény
Authors: Takács Attila
Published: April 2021

A szerkesztői közlemény röviden áttekinti a problémákat, amelyek miatt a "Pótlások Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlaszához" c. cikksorozat felfüggesztése mellett döntöttünk.