bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the social environment on olfaction and social skills in WT and a mouse model of autism
Authors: Pellissier Lucie , Gora Caroline , Dudas Ana , Court Lucas , Annamneedi Anil , Lefort Gaëlle , Nakahara Thiago , Azzopardi Nicolas , Acquistapace Adrien , Laine Anne-Lyse , Trouillet Anne-Charlotte , Drobecq Lucile , Pecnard Emmanuel , Piégu Benoît , Crepieux Pascale , Chamero Pablo
Published: January 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex, polygenic and heterogenous neurodevelopmental conditions, imposing a substantial economic burden. ASD genetics is influenced by the environment, specifically the social experience during the critical neurodevelopmental period. Despite the efficacy of early behavioral interventions targeting specific behaviors in some autistic children, there is currently no sustainable treatment for the two core symptoms: deficits in social interaction and communication, and stereotyped or restrained behaviors or interests. In this study, we investigated the impact of the social environment on both wild-type and Shank3 knockout mice, a mouse model that reproduces core autism-like symptoms. Our findings revealed that wild-type mice raised in an enriched social environment maintained social interest towards new conspecifics across multiple trials. Additionally, we observed that 2 hours of social isolation induced social deficits, while chronic social isolation enhanced social interaction and olfactory neuron responses in wild-type animals. Notably, chronic social isolation restored both social novelty and olfactory deficits and normalized self-grooming behavior in Shank3 knockout mice. These results provide novel insights for the implementation of behavioral interventions and inclusive classroom programs for children with ASD.
Maintenance hemodialysis exacerbate aluminum and arsenic toxicity in chronic kidney disease patients Running title: Aluminum and Arsenic toxicity in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Absalan Abdorrahim , Momeni Hamid , Salehi Ashraf , Karimi Mohsen
Published: January 2024

Background
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is the most effective interventional therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to investigate the serum levels of aluminum (Al) and arsenic (As) in CKD patients.
Methods
A total of 29 CKD patients receiving MHD were surveyed for selected biochemical, and dialysis quality indices. Serum Al and As levels were measured before and after MHD. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Meier, Pearson, or Spearman's rho correlations.
Results
All patients (n = 29; 100%) had detectable levels of arsenicosis (cut-off = 1µg/L) both before hemodialysis (BFH) (mean ± SD = 7.58 ± 1.99µg/L) and after hemodialysis (AFH) (mean ± SD = 8.61 ± 1.82µg/L). Al toxicity was detected (cut-off = 10µg/L) in 24 (82.8%) individuals BFH (mean ± SD = 25.6 ± 15.61µg/L) and in 28 (96.6%) patients AFH (mean ± SD = 30.08 ± 15.18µg/L). The mean age of the patients was 60.41 ± 15.30 years (11 females and 18 males). Al BFH was positively correlated with its AFH level (R = 0.765; p = 0.000), but this was not true for As (R = 0.296; p = 0.167). Serum phosphate was negatively correlated with Al BFH (R=-0.547; p = 0.008). MHD was not efficient in eliminating Al and As from blood circulation when we compared their concentrations in inlet and outlet dialysis apparatus samples.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that CKD patients undergoing MHD are at risk for overt Al and As toxicity, which highlights the importance of regularly monitoring toxic elements in these patients. Treatment with chelators and redefinition of cut-off points for Al and As blood levels in hemodialysis patients may be necessary.
Microfluidic QCM enables ultrahigh Q-factor: a new paradigm for in-liquid gravimetric sensing
Authors: Zauscher Stefan , ZHAO YICHENG , Parlak Zehra , Yu Wenjun , French Daniel , Aquino Wilkins
Published: January 2024

Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity, robustness, and low cost. However, a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor (Q-factor), which limits their sensitivity and accuracy. To mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric sensors. To implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as our model system, owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic sensors. We postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls (driven by the QCM), and the width of the microfluidic channels. Our hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis (FEA) and dimensional studies, which revealed two key factors that affect device performance: 1) the ratio of the pressure wavelength to the channel width (𝜆𝑝/𝑊) and 2) the ratio of the shear evanescent wavelength to the channel height (𝜆𝑠/𝐻). To validate our hypothesis, we fabricated a microfluidic QCM (μ-QCM) and demonstrate a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional QCM. The novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages, such as direct data interpretation, reduced volume requirement for sample liquids, and simplified temperature control, augmenting the sensor's overall performance. By fostering increased sensitivity, accuracy, and ease of operation, our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric biosensing technologies.
Firefighters and police search dog handlers’ experiences working closely with paramedics in urban search and rescue incidents – a qualitative focus group study from Oslo
Authors: Westnes Erik , Hjortdahl Magnus
Published: January 2024

Background In Norway, rescue operations are defined as situations where patients are difficult to access or that more resources are needed than the health services alone possess and can put in operation (1). Although rescue operations after large incidents may include civil protection, military forces, non-governmental organizations and other resources, the initial rescue effort must be performed by the emergency services as time often is of essence. The central area of an accident where special training and personal protection equipment is necessary or mandatory is the Hot Zone. This study examines Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) firefighters and police officers reported experience of ambulance personnel’s contribution in the Hot Zone.Methods We conducted five focus group interviews with USAR-trained firefighters and police officers. The interviewees were those on duty on the agreed dates. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun & Clarke.Results Three themes were identified; Feeling safe during missions, Building USAR capacity, and Trust-building within USAR-teams. The firefighters and police officers reported their and the patients’ safety are best managed by EMS-personnel, whose presence strongly contributes to their own feeling of safety in a dangerous area. When EMS handles victims and injured emergency workers, firefighters and police officers can focus on their own primary tasks. Indeed, interviewees reported that building a USAR capacity depends on having USAR-trained EMS-personnel in the Hot Zone. The interviewees have clear and consistent opinions on how to establish an interagency USAR capacity effectively. Trust is paramount to the interviewees, and they express a high degree of trust within USAR Oslo.Conclusions Firefighters and police officers regard USAR-trained EMS-personnel as a natural and integrated part in urban search and rescue teams. EMS-personnel in the dangerous area deliver safety and medical professional assistance to both rescue workers and patients. Informants in this study had clear opinions on how to establish and maintain such a service.
Artificial Intelligence to derive aligned strain in cine CMR to detect patients with myocardial fibrosis: an open and scrutinizable approach
Authors: Koehler Sven , Kuhm Julian , Huffaker Tyler , Young Daniel , Tandon Animesh , Andre Florian , Frey Norbert , Greil Gerald , Hussain Tarique , Engelhardt Sandy
Published: January 2024

Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for cardiac function evaluation, incorporating ejection fraction (EF) and strain as vital indicators of abnormal deformation. Rare pathologies like Duchenne muscular dystrophies (DMD) are monitored with repeated late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) CMR for identification of myocardial fibrosis. However, it is judicious to reduce repeated gadolinium exposure and rather employ strain analysis from cine CMR. This solution is limited so far since full strain curves are not comparable between individual cardiac cycles and current practice mainly neglects diastolic deformation patterns. Our novel Deep Learning-based approach derives strain values aligned by key frames throughout the cardiac cycle. In a reproducibility scenario (57+82 patients), our results reveal five times more significant differences (22 vs. 4) between patients with scar and without, enhancing scar detection by +30%, improving detection of patients with preserved EF by +61%, with an overall sensitivity/specificity of 82/81%.
Mixed messages? Information about cardiovascular health and alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of patients in cardiology care
Authors: Welfordsson Paul , Danielsson Anna-Karin , Björck Caroline , Grzymala-Lubanski Bartosz , Lidin Matthias , Löfman Ida Haugen , Finn Sara Wallhed
Published: January 2024

Background
Hazardous alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disability and death, yet observational studies have also reported reduced cardiovascular disease mortality among regular, low-level drinkers. Such findings are refuted by more recent research, yet have received significant media coverage. We aimed to explore: 1) how patients with cardiovascular diseases access health information about moderate drinking and cardiovascular health; 2) the perceived messages these sources convey, and 3) associations with own level of alcohol use.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients in cardiology services at three hospitals in Sweden. The study outcome was hazardous alcohol use, assessed using the AUDIT-C questionnaire and defined as ≥ 3 in women and ≥ 4 in men. The exposure was accessing information sources suggesting that moderate alcohol consumption can be good for the heart, as opposed to accessing information that alcohol is bad for the heart. Health information sources were described using descriptive statistics. Gender, age and education were adjusted for in multiple logistic regression analyses.
Results
From 1230 eligible patients, 83% responded to relevant survey questions. Of these, 48.6% had heard that drinking moderately can affect the heart (mean age 70.5 years, 65% males). A total of 330 (62.3%) patients who had heard that drinking moderately can affect the heart described being exposed to reports that moderate alcohol use can be good for the heart, and 108 (21.7%) met criteria for hazardous alcohol use. Health information sources included newspapers (32.9%), television (29.2%), healthcare staff (13.4%), friends/family (11.8%), social media (8.9%) and websites (3.7%). Participants indicated that most reports (77.9%) conveyed mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of moderate drinking. Exposure to reports of healthy heart effects was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.02–2.74).
Conclusions
This study suggests that many patients in cardiology care access health information about alcohol from media sources, which convey mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of alcohol. Exposure to reports suggesting that moderate drinking has protective cardiovascular effects was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use. Findings highlight a need for clear and consistent messages about the health effects of alcohol.
Does a novel 3D printed individualized guiding template based on cutaneous fiducial markers contribute to accurate percutaneous insertion of pelvic screws? A preliminary phantom and cadaver study
Authors: Tao Xingguang , Lyu Fei , Sugand Kapil , Zhou Kaihua , Wang Huixiang
Published: January 2024

Background
Most 3D-printed guiding templates require dissection of soft tissues to match the corresponding surfaces of the guiding templates. This study sought to explore the accuracy and acceptability of the novel 3D printed individualized guiding templates based on cutaneous fiducial markers in minimally invasive screw placement for pelvic fractures.
Methods
The printed template was tested on five high-fidelity biomimetic phantom models of the bony pelvis and its surrounding soft tissues as well as on two fresh frozen cadavers. Four cutaneous fiducial markers were transfixed on each phantom model prior to performing CT scans to reconstruct their 3D models. Personalized templates for guiding screw insertion were designed based on the positions of the fiducial markers and virtually planned target screw channels after scanning, followed by 3D printing of the guide. Phase 1 consisted of five expert surgeons inserting one anterograde supra-pubic screw and one sacroiliac screw percutaneously into each phantom model using the 3D-printed guide. The deviation of screw positions between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual ones was measured after registering their 3D modelling. A Likert scale questionnaire was completed by the expert surgeons to assess their satisfaction and acceptability with the guiding template. Phase 2 consisted of repeating the same procedures on the fresh frozen cadavers in order to demonstrate face, content and concurrent validity.
Results
In Phase 1, all ten screws were successfully implanted with the assistance of the guiding template. Postoperative CT scans confirmed that all screws were safely positioned within the bony pelvic channels without breaching the far cortex. The mean longitudinal deviation at the bony entry point and screw tip between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual screw paths were 2.83 ± 0.60 mm and 3.12 ± 0.81 mm respectively, with a mean angular deviation of 1.25 ± 0.41°. Results from the Likert questionnaire indicated a high level of satisfaction for using the guiding template among surgeons. In Phase 2, results were similar to those in Phase 1.
Conclusions
The 3D-printed guiding template based on cutaneous fiducial markers shows potential for assisting in the accurate insertion of percutaneous screws in the pelvis.
Unraveling Thromboinflammation Abnormalities in Pancreatic Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Song Yi , Mao Chaoqin , Xiao Hong , Fan Cheng
Published: January 2024

Accumulating evidence suggested a complex interplay between coagulation disorder and inflammation in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Here, blood test results about hematological, biochemical indicators, coagulation assays, rapid thromboelastogram (r-TEG), inflammatory profiles and serum tumor markers were collected to uncover their potential implications for disease pathophysiology and explore reliable predictive parameters in pancreatic cancer (PC). A cohort of 109 PC and 91 controls were enrolled. Patients with PC exhibited a pro-coagulant state with shortened kinetics time (K), and an increased in alpha angle (Angle), maximum amplitude (MA), clot strength (G), prothrombin time (PT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (P < 0.001). Significantly elevated Interleukin 6 (IL6) levels indicated a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in PC. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations among pro-coagulant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-tumorigenic factors. Cluster analysis was employed to recognize thrombosis or inflammation phenotypes. We found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly high in hypercoagulation subgroup of PC (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, FIB, D-dimer, PT and international normalized ratio (INR) were significantly high in hyper-inflammation subset characterized with high IL-6. Moreover, machine learning methods demonstrated excellent predictive performance of coagulation-related models for PC. This study provides insights into the complex pathophysiological landscape of PC, emphasizing the interplay between coagulation, inflammation, and tumor progression.
A step toward a reinforcement learning de novo genome assembler
Authors: Padovani Kleber , Xavier Roberto , Borges Rafael Cabral , Carvalho André Carlos , Reali Anna , Chateau Annie , Alves Ronnie
Published: January 2024

De novo genome assembly is a relevant but computationally complex task in genomics. Although de novo assemblers have been used successfully in several genomics projects, there is still no ‘best assembler’, and the choice and setup of assemblers still rely on bioinformatics experts. Thus, as with other computationally complex problems, machine learning may emerge as an alternative (or complementary) way for developing more accurate and automated assemblers. Reinforcement learning has proven promising for solving complex activities without supervision – such games – and there is a pressing need to understand the limits of this approach to ‘real’ problems, such as the DFA problem. This study aimed to shed light on the application of machine learning, using reinforcement learning (RL), in genome assembly. We expanded upon the sole previous approach found in the literature to solve this problem by carefully exploring the learning aspects of the proposed intelligent agent, which uses the Q-learning algorithm, and we provided insights for the next steps of automated genome assembly development. We improved the reward system and optimized the exploration of the state space based on pruning and in collaboration with evolutionary computing. We tested the new approaches on 23 new larger environments, which are all available on the internet. Our results suggest consistent performance progress; however, we also found limitations, especially concerning the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. Finally, we discuss paths for achieving efficient and automated genome assembly in real scenarios considering successful RL applications — including deep reinforcement learning.
Community Based Watershed Management Practices: Focus on Technical Fitness of Physical Structure and Its Effect on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties in Belo-Chikle Micro Watershed, Elfeta District, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Birhanu , Alemu Melkamu
Published: January 2024

Soil erosion is one of the major causes of food insecurity and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. In the near past, community based watershed management program have been introduced in Ethiopia. In Elfeta District, tangible and scientific information is not available on performance of soil conservation practices implemented through this program. The aim of this study was to assess technical fitness of physical soil conservation structures implemented via community based watershed management program, its effect on soil physicochemical properties, and extent of farmers’ participation on program. Field observation and physical structure component measurements were used to assess the technical fitness. Whereas, composite soil samples were collected from steep, moderate and gentle slope classes to evaluate the effects of conservation practices on soil properties. Structured questionnaire was used to assess farmers’ participation on soil conservation. As compared to nationally established specification of graded soil bund for areas similar with Elfeta District, technical errors were found in bund spacing and vertical interval. The studied soil properties were not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced with sample distance from soil bund. But, soil moisture content, bulk density, clay content, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity were significantly (p < 0 .05) affected with slope gradient. These properties become better as the slope gradient decreaseTo ensure the sustainability of watershed management practices and minimize observed technical faults on conservation structures continued technical supports, trainings, and follow-ups are required from Districts' experts and extension services in the study area.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of electromagnetic direct drive air compressor
Authors: Guo Chunlin , Lu Jiayu , Ge Wenqing , Zhang Xiaochen , Li Bo
Published: January 2024

To accurately simulate the motion characteristics of a reed valve and the changes in flow field in an exhaust chamber, a fluid-structure coupling model of an electromagnetic direct drive air compressor during the exhaust process was established and simulated. The alteration of the flow field within the exhaust chamber is under examination. The transient numerical simulation of the flow field in the exhaust procedure is conducted to reduce the computational model's time complexity and provide an immediate analysis of the exhaust processThis paper explores the effects of altering valve lift and relative pressure loss given different valve parameters and exhaust pressure levels. The findings reveal that when the valve plate thickness is 0.2mm and the valve section width is 3.5mm, the airflow hindrance is significantly minimized. With the valve plate unloaded, the gas flow restriction's impact on gas flow is negligible. This paper presents a theoretical basis for designing exhaust valves for electromagnetic direct-drive air compressors.
Associations between the Urban Environment and Outdoor Walking Mobility by Cognitive Functioning in a Group of Older Adults in Singapore
Authors: Liu Yuezhong , Wong Chek Hooi , Shoval Noam , Ho Ringo Moon-Ho , Theng Yin-Leng
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between the outdoor mobility of older adults with and without cognitive impairment and the built environment in three urban neighbourhoods in Singapore.
Methods: Outdoor walking mobility in daily life gait speed (DGS) was collected continuously for one week using a previously validated hybrid mobility tracker. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cut-offs by educational levels were used to differentiate cognitive impairment (CI) and without cognitive impairment (non-CI). The environmental characteristics examined were gross plot ratio and land use. Statistical correlations (one-way ANOVA test and linear regression) were used to examine the associations between older adults’ outdoor mobility and built environment for all CI and non-CI groups. A case example was also used to provide a location-based heatmap on DGS for 2 older adults (CI and non-CI) navigating the same neighbourhood for 3 consecutive days.
Results: Thirty-three participants registered a total of 2,428 kilometres with an average DGS of 0.74 m/s outside of their homes over a period of 220 days. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 69.2 (7.14), and 21 (64%) of them were female. Fourteen of the (42%) participants were classified as cognitive impaired. Overall, a higher gross plot ratiowas found to be associated with faster outdoor gait speed (DGS) for the non-CI group (β = 0.04, r = 0.69, p =.03) and slower DGS for the CI group (β = -0.13, r = 0.75, p =.01). The DGS of individuals with CI was slower than that of non-CI individuals, with the greatest difference observed in business and commercial areas; however, the DGS of individuals with CI was faster than that of non-CI individuals within community and residential locations.
Conclusions: Individuals with CI had a slower outdoor gait speed and may require higher adaptation to the environment. Although DGS could be used in differentiating older adults with and without cognitive impairment while mobilizing in an urban environment, considerations should also be given to understanding the interaction of DGS with different land use and typology.
A Patient with 45 X/46, XY/47, XYY Mosaic Turner Syndrome with Virilization: A Case Report
Authors: Sinthuchai Natchanika , Wanishpongpan Sinee , Wongsuwan Phumin , Vatrasresth Jarika , Suwan Ammarin
Published: January 2024

Background
Mosaic Turner accounts for nearly half of all Turner syndrome cases and results in a broadened clinical spectrum.
Case:
A 26-year-old female patient presented with a pelvic mass associated with signs of virilization and Turner stigmata. Conventional karyotype testing (G-banding method) revealed 46, XY; however, a further FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) study showed mosaicism of 45, X/46, XY/47, XYY. The patient underwent bilateral gonadectomy with comprehensive surgical staging, and histopathology revealed a yolk sac tumor.
Discussion
This case highlights an uncommon presentation of mosaic Turner syndrome. Further diagnostic tests in patients with signs of Turner syndrome are encouraged to achieve an accurate diagnosis and inform appropriate treatment.
Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm with Deep Variational Autoencoder Driven Intrusion Detection in Big Data Analytics Environment
Authors: s Thiyagarajan v
Published: January 2024

Recently, the enormous quantities of data and its linear upsurge have modified the importance of data safety and data analysis techniques for Big Data (BD). Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a method that examining and monitoring data to identify some intrusion within the network or system. Higher volume, variability, and maximal speed of data produced from the network that can be achieved in the data analysis method to identify attacks by conventional methods lead to more complexity. BD methods have been employed in IDS to manage BD for efficient and accurate procedure of data analysis. Deep Learning (DL) and BD approaches are incorporated to increase the performance of IDSs. This manuscript offers an Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm with Artificial Intelligence Driven Intrusion Detection in Big Data Environment (AHAAI-IDBDE) technique. The purpose of the AHAAI-IDBDE technique exploit the Feature Selection (FS) with hyperparameter selection strategy for intrusion detection. For handling BD, MapReduce is used. In the AHAAI-IDBDE technique, Z-score normalization has been used to scale the input data. For electing an optimal set of features, the Binary Volleyball Premier League (BVPL) can be used.
To detect intrusions, the AHAAI-IDBDE technique uses Deep Variational Autoencoder (DVAE) model. For hyperparameter selection process, the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA) can be applied. The experimental value of the AHAAI-IDBDE method has been examined deploying benchmark IDS dataset. The extensive comparison analysis portrayed the betterment of the AHAAI-IDBDE technique with other systems.
Evaluation of the use of tranexamic acid in the postoperative period in patients with scoliosis undergoing posterior fusion
Authors: Carvalho Alexandry , Silva Indira da Luz , Neto Paulo Rodrigues Cruz , Pokorny Gabriel , Amaral Rodrigo , Pratali Raphael , Acácio Ricardo , Romeiro Carlos , Magno Marcus Vinicius , Daher Murilo , Herrero Carlos Fernando PS
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Scoliosis is the most prevalent type of spinal deformity, with a 2-3% prevalence in the general population. Moreover, surgery for scoliotic deformity may result in severe blood loss and, consequently, the need for blood transfusions, thereby increasing surgical morbidity and the rate of complications. Several antifibrinolytic drugs have been regarded as safe and effective options for reducing blood loss, among these drugs, the tranexamic acid. Therefor the present study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of this drug for controlling bleeding when used intraoperatively and in the first 48 h after surgery.
Methods: A prospective randomized study of a cohort of patients included in a mass event for scoliosis treatment using PSF was performed. Twenty-eight patients were analyzed and divided into two groups: 14 patients were selected for intraoperative and postoperative use of tranexamic acid (TXA), and the other 14 were selected only during the intraoperative period. The drainage bleeding rate, length of hospital stay, number of transfused blood units, and rate of adverse clinical effects were compared.
Results: All the patients involved had a similar number of fusion levels addressed and a similar scoliosis profile. The postoperative bleeding rate through the drain did not significantly differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of transfused blood units between the groups (p=0.473); however, in absolute numbers, patients in the control group received more transfusions. The length of hospital stay was fairly similar between the groups, with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, the groups had similar adverse effects (p=0.440), with the exception of nausea and vomiting, which were twice as common in the TXA group postoperatively than in the control group.
Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the effective use of TXA during the first 48 postoperative hours.
Improving Adherence to Medication in an Intelligent Environment Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Ismail Ahsan , Naeem Muddasar , Khalid Umamah Bint , Abbas Musarat
Published: January 2024

Correct and timely medication plays an important role in the treatment and recovery of a patient. An intelligent and efficient patient engagement environment ensures enduring health and positive clinical outcomes. Reinforcement Learning (RL) which brought significant impacts in many areas, has useful applications in healthcare as well. In this paper, we introduce an RL-based intelligent environment that can engage the patient to improve adherence, through proper engagement alerts based on user adherence reports, and suggest him/her to improve the adherence by sending the engagement message to the user. The intelligent system uses the RL agent that decides the optimal decision to send the engagement message to the user based on a patient's behavior. The proposed system could be useful to improve adherence to medication and assist the patient in accurately following his/her medication schedule.
Investigating the role of Al doping on the bandgap modulation and photocatalytic efficiency of strontium manganese ferrite for ciprofloxacin degradation
Authors: Yasar Muhammad
Published: January 2024

In this study, aluminum-doped strontium manganese ferrite Sr0.2Mn0.8AlxFe2−XO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) was used as a photocatalyst for ciprofloxacin degradation under visible light. It was prepared via Sol-gel combustion and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, resistivity, and optical spectroscopy, confirming its spinel structure, physicochemical attributes, and bandgap modulation from Al doping. Under Normal conditions, Sr0.2Mn0.8Al0.4Fe1.6O4 achieved 90.24% ciprofloxacin removal in 120 min under 100 W of visible light at pH 7 and 30°C. Scavenging experiments have identified superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species. The kinetic analysis revealed a first-order rate law (R2 = 0.987). The catalyst exhibited excellent stability over five reuse cycles, retaining 78.32% efficiency. This research highlights the remarkable capacity of aluminum-doped strontium manganese ferrites as a sturdy and effective photocatalyst for solar-light-induced degradation of contemporary water pollutants, including ciprofloxacin.
The influence of stress perception on mobile phone addiction tendency in nursing undergraduates: the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of psychological capital
Authors: Li Xiang Xiang , Wang Mei Fang , Feng Xiu Juan , He Lang Lang , Liang Juan
Published: January 2024

Background
Nursing students' pressure caused by academic burden and other reasons will induce students' mobile phone addiction. mobile phone addiction tendency impairs students' daily psychosocial functioning and can lead to depression, anxiety, loneliness, inattention and other adverse mental and physical health problems. Individuals with different levels of self-control and psychological capital respond differently to stress, so it is important to understand the factors that influence mobile phone addiction tendency in nursing students in the context of stress. This study explores the relationship between stress perception, self-control, psychological capital, and cell phone addiction in nursing undergraduates, and therefore to provide new ideas for designing strategies to improve mobile phone addiction tendency in nursing undergraduates.
Methods
From September 2022 to November 2022, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 616 nursing undergraduates from a university in Shaanxi Province as the investigation objects. Subjective stress, self-control ability, mobile phone addiction tendency and psychological capital level of nursing undergraduates were evaluated by pressure perception scale, self-control scale, mobile phone addiction tendency and positive psychological capital questionnaire. The mediating effect was tested by percentile Bootstrap method with deviation correction, and the moderating effect was tested by PROCESS program.
Results
(1) 592 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, and 176 (29.72%) of the 592 nursing undergraduates had mobile phone addiction; (2) Self-control played a mediating role between stress perception and mobile phone addiction tendency, with an effect value of 0.362, accounting for 58.86% of the total effect; (3) With the increase of psychological capital level, the influence of self-control on mobile phone addiction tendency was increased (β= -0.007, t = -3.402, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Self-control played a partial mediating role in the positive relationship between stress perception and mobile phone addiction tendency among nursing undergraduates. Psychological capital can regulate the relationship between self-control and Mobile phone addiction tendency.
Grid-based thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tian Jianhui , Wang Zaishuang , Sun Jinjuan
Published: January 2024

In order to solve the problem of aging and thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries under high temperature conditions, this paper established a liquid cooling system based on liquid cooling-phase change cooling system by setting up a "grid" liquid cooling system and studied the influence of different factors on lithium-ion battery packs through numerical simulation. The results show that: the liquid cooling with different flow directions is superior to the liquid cooling with the same flow direction, the maximum temperature difference is no more than 2.5 K, and the temperature of lithium-ion battery is uniformly distributed; when phase change material is added, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference reach a reasonable range when the flow rate is half of the liquid cooling, which enhances the cooling effect.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Early Stage Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dinerman Aaron J. , Thompson Rachel F. , Ogola Gerald O. , Preskitt John T. , Spillman Monique A. , Landry Christine S.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Patients with regional lymph node (LN) involvement from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva have a 48% 5-year relative survival. Recently, sentinel LN (SLN) biopsy has become a viable alternative to inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. We sought to identify risk factors for predicting a positive SLN in patients with vulvar SCC.
Methods: A retrospective review of 29 patients with vulvar SCC was performed from 2016-2021 at a tertiary care center. Clinicopathologic data was collected in addition to SLN status including number of LN removed.
Results: The average depth of invasion was 7.9 mm, average tumor size was 1.8 cm, 3/23 patients had PNI, and 4/23 patients had LVI. One patient who did not map on lymphoscintigraphy and 5 patients with recurrent vulvar SCC were excluded from final analysis. The average number of SLNs removed was 2. One patient had a positive SLN: the depth of invasion was 17 mm, tumor size was 5.1 cm, and LVI was present.
Conclusions: The majority of patients with early stage vulvar SCC had a negative SLN biopsy. Further study is needed to determine the patient subset that could avoid SLN biopsy altogether.
Remote Sensing Image Fusion (RSIF) of Hyperspectral and Panchromatic Data Using Adaptive Guided Filter
Authors: Gul Naillah , Kaur Amandeep
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Hyperspectral data are the most widely used remote sensing datasets. Hyperspectral Pan-Sharpening suffers from spectral distortion; the purpose of hyperspectral image fusion is to effectively inject the missing spatial detail into the HS image, while preserving the spectral information. Edge-preserving smoothing filters such as Guided Filter retains image edge and structure details while minimizing noise, gradient reversal, undershoot and overshoot artefacts. However, it exhibits halo artefacts.
Method
This paper introduces an innovative algorithm for panchromatic and hyperspectral image fusion. By employing the Adaptive Guided Filter, we enhance image sharpness and mitigate halo artefacts – objectionable counter shading around edges. This preserves image structure and aesthetic quality, maintaining the speed of Guided Filter.
Results
We have applied our technique on three Hyperspectral datasets such as DCMall, Salinas, and Moffett. Our technique has shown visually improved results for the halo artefacts over Guided Filter. We have established a comparison of our technique with Guided Filter in terms of fusion quality metrics such as cross correlation (CC), spectral angle mapper (SAM), root mean squared error (RMSE) and Erreur relative globale adimensionnelle de synthèse (ERGAS).
Conclusion
At smoothness (𝛔=2), our technique has shown better results for CC, SAM, RMSE, and ERGAS, indicating Adaptive Guided Filter perform better over Guided Filter in terms of retaining spatial quality and spectral quality.
Unveiling the Optimal Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Thorough Analysis of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Fatima Ubaida , Kiran Sadia , Akhter Muhammad Fouzan , Kumail Muhammad , Sohail Jaweria
Published: January 2024

To identify credit card fraud, this study looked at three kind of datasets with various data manipulations, machine learning algorithms, and cross-validation techniques. In both simulated and real datasets, the Random Forest Classifier with Repeated K-Fold Cross-Validation consistently outperformed competing models. Although deep learning algorithms were investigated, the Random Forest Classifier continued to be the best option. A hybrid model of the Random Forest Classifier and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was also unable to outperform the Random Forest Classifier on its own. Thus this study suggests the Random Forest Classifier with Repeated K-Fold Cross-Validation as the robust reliable method for detecting credit card fraud in balanced considered datasets, providing useful insights for enhancing security precautions and financial system defense against various banking sector frauds.
Tuning Performance: Strain Modulation of GaAs Layers Grown on Meso-Porous Silicon Substrates
Authors: Saidi A. , Zeydi Imen , Alouane M. H. Hadj , Bouabdellaoui M. , Sfaxi L. , Berbezier I. , Mghaieth R.
Published: January 2024

We report a systematic investigation of 0.5 µm GaAs grown on compliant porous silicon substrates (PSi) elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE); The study encompasses monolayers (PSs) and multilayers (PSMLs) with an intermediate SiGe buffer. Various methodologies were studied to achieve a stress-modulated GaAs through lattice engineering templates. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD), together, were the used tools to scrutinize the impact of the window porous layer and the gradual porous stack sets on the GaAs topology and its strain states. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results unveiled a Ge interdiffusion in the porous matrix, which consequently influenced the initial state of GaAs nucleation; thereby affecting its modulation. Regarding lamellar twins observed in PSML2, a substantial force was applied by the HPLs stacks on the window layer. The photoluminescence (PL) results indicated a gradual redshift in the GaAs Band-to-Band (BB) peak, confirming the strain state observed by HR-XRD. An in-situ annealing, at 680°C, resulted in a respective decrease in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) (658.68 arc s).
Physical Activity and College Students＇Subjective Well-being: The Mediating Roles of Basic Psychological Needs and Self-Efficacy
Authors: zhou nairun
Published: January 2024

Background and objective: Subjective well-being stands as a pivotal and comprehensive psychological indicator reflecting an individual's quality of life, often intertwined with physical activity. However, the intricate mechanisms through which physical activity influences an individual's subjective well-being remain less explored. Currently, scant research delves into the impact of physical activity on subjective well-being concerning cardiac dimensions such as basic psychological needs and self-efficacy. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the influence of physical activity on the subjective well-being of college students, examining the chain-mediated effects of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy.
Methods: A total of 389 college students participated in this study, and data collection involved utilizing the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Subjective Well-Being Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 to explore the chain mediating roles of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy in the effects of physical activity on college students' subjective well-being.
Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation among physical activity, subjective well-being, basic psychological needs, and self-efficacy. Notably, physical activity influences college students' subjective well-being through the mediating roles of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy, with each playing a chain mediating role independently.
Conclusion: Basic psychological needs and self-efficacy as integral chain mediators in elucidating the effects of physical activity on the subjective well-being of college students.
Does Ramadan Fasting Affect Cardiac Functions In Patients Followed With Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Demir Ömer Furkan , Levent Fatih , Erkoç Enes İsmet
Published: January 2024

Aims:
Ramadan fasting (RF) can affect the health status of patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic functions according to RF status in patients being followed up for clinically present coronary artery disease.
Methods
This single-centre, cross-sectional study included 49 patients who were being followed up with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and had undergone stent placement at least 1 year previously. The patients were separated into 2 groups as those who were fasting during the month of Ramadan (RF (+), n = 24) and those who were not (RF (-), n = 25). Detailed echocardiographic evaluations were made. Analyses of the study data were performed using MedCalc software.
Results
The demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar at the start of the study. When all the patients were evaluated together, there were seen to be no significant changes in the echocardiographic diameter measurements, tissue doppler evaluations, tei index values, and global longitudinal strain values throughout the fasting month. When the fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, a statistically significant decrease was determined in the tei index value in the RF (+) group after 1 month of fasting (0.44 ± 0.14 vs. 0.40 ± 0.12) (p:0.025).
Conclusions
In this study, the effects of RF on cardiac functions were investigated in patients with coronary artery disease and a previous stent procedure. The results of the echocardiograph evaluation after one month of fasting showed a statistically significant decrease in the Tei index in the patient group fasting for Ramadan. This finding demonstrated positive effects of RF on cardiac functions.
The Effectiveness of Inflammatory Indexes in Assessing Oropharyngeal Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Jang Wooyoung , Zeitouni Jad F. , Nguyen Daniel K. , Mohiuddin Ismail S. , Ward Haven , Satheeshkumar Anu , Dundar Yusuf
Published: January 2024

Background
Inflammation has long been a key tenet in the diagnosis and management of malignancies, likely contributing to cancer incidence, staging, and progression. Systemic inflammation, in particular, is often elevated prior to and during cancer development. Systemic inflammation in the context of cancer diagnosis and monitoring is measured by various inflammatory indexes such as Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), plasma-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We set out to determine the relationship between pre and posttreatment levels of these inflammatory indexes and the prognosis and outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).
Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of 172 patients with OPC who underwent treatment for oropharyngeal cancer at University Medical Center between May 2013 to May 2023. Sites of primary cancer were obtained through chart review. HPV infection status and differentiation of the tumor were noted for each patient. Treatment modalities were classified as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. Treatment outcomes were classified based on recurrence and death secondary to disease. The relationships between treatment outcome and the described inflammatory indexes were evaluated. Appropriate parametric tests were selected based on the large number of variables.
Results
Pretreatment SIRI and Albumin levels were positively predictive in determining locoregional recurrence (p = .031 and p = .039). NLR, SII, and SIRI levels taken at three months post-treatment were also found to be positively predictive of locoregional recurrence (p = .005, p > .0005, and p = .007). SIRI taken at six months post-treatment was also found to be positively predictive of locoregional recurrence (p = .008). SII at six months post-treatment was found to be positively predictive of survival (p = .027).
Conclusions
This study suggested that post-treatment levels of several inflammatory indexes, particularly SIRI, NLR, and SII, may be useful in determining the long-term outlook and recurrence of head and neck cancer following treatment.
Reinforcement Learning in Deep Spiking Neural Networks with Eligibility Traces and Modifying the Threshold Parameter
Authors: Aghabarar Hedyeh , Keshavarzi Parviz , Kiani Kourosh
Published: January 2024

Desirable features of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) such as biological plausibility, event-based information processing, and energy efficiency have led to their widespread application in various machine learning domains in recent years. The reinforcement learning, inspired by the human visual system, has also gained popularity recently. This paper proposed reinforcement learning in a deep SNN which presents the idea of using eligibility traces to apply reward signals. We also focus on a locally connected SNN that uses a reinforcement learning based on Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) called R-STDP for pattern learning. Locally connected networks, exhibit a closer resemblance to the biological visual system by extracting key topological features of the image. By introducing this idea and modifying several intrinsic parameters of spiking neurons (adjusting the voltage threshold, as well as the membrane time constant), the model achieves an 87.84% accuracy on MNIST dataset, showing significant improvement compared to the previous similar model.