bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Electroanatomic Volume of the Left Atrium as a Determinant of Recurrences in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation After Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Martínez León Amaia , Testa Alonso David , Salgado María , Álvarez Velasco Ruth , Soroa Minel , Gracia Iglesias Daniel , Calvo David
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-established therapeutic approach for maintaining sinus rhythm, though its efficacy remains suboptimal in certain patients. The left atrium (LA) volume, commonly assessed through transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), is a recognized predictor of AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, the complex three-dimensional structure of the LA makes precise measurement challenging with traditional TTE techniques. Electroanatomic mapping (EAM) offers a more accurate evaluation of LA geometry and volume, which may enhance the prediction of ablation outcomes. Methods: This prospective study included 197 patients with AF who were referred for PVI to our center (Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Spain) between 2016 and 2020. All participants underwent pre-ablation TTE and EAM to assess the electric active volume (EAV) of the LA. Clinical follow-up included regular Holter monitoring and electrocardiograms to detect AF recurrences. Results: The mean age was 56.3 ± 9.67 years, and 34% had persistent AF. The mean LA volumes measured by TTE and the EAV by EAM were 62.86 ± 15.58 mL and 126.75 ± 43.35 mL, respectively, with a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). AF recurrences were observed in 51.27% of patients over a 36 ± 15-month follow-up period. Cox regression analyses (univariate and multivariate), Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to illustrate freedom from atrial arrhythmia during follow-up. Both EAV by EAM and TTE volumes were significant predictors of AF recurrence in the univariate analysis (HR 1.002 [1.001–1.003], p = 0.033 and HR 1.001 [1.006–1.012], p < 0.01, respectively). Among clinical variables, persistent AF was significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrence (HR 1.17 [1.096–1.268], p = 0.02). Conclusions: EAV of the LA assessment by EAM demonstrates a significant correlation with TTE measurements and is a predictor of AF post-ablation recurrence. In patients selected for catheter ablation, EAV by EAM provides additional insights that could contribute to therapeutic decision-making and risk stratification of AF recurrences.
Butyric Acid Modulates Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Inflammation and Secondary Bone Loss in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: You Ke , Yang Lianjun , Su Zhihai , Shen Jun , Fan Xinyang , Guo Yuanqing , Yuan Zhen , Lu Hai
Published: December 2024

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. While the exact pathogenetic mechanism of AS remains unclear, previous reports have highlighted the involvement of genetic factors, immune responses, and gut microbiota dysregulation in the development of this condition. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbial fermentation products derived from sugar, protein, and dietary fibers, play a role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of butyric acid (BA), an important SCFA, in the treatment of AS. Methods: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-bone loss effects of BA, a murine AS model was established using proteoglycan and dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium (DDA) adjuvants. Various techniques, including an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-CT, histology, quantitative PCR (qPCR) for intestinal tight junction protein expression, and 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiota abundance, were employed to assess the inflammation and bone health in the target tissues. Results: The results indicated that BA demonstrated potential in alleviating the inflammatory response in the peripheral joints and the axial spine affected by AS, as evidenced by the reductions in inflammatory infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and endplate erosion. Furthermore, BA was found to impact the intestinal barrier function positively. Notably, BA was associated with the downregulation of harmful inflammatory factors and the reversal of bone loss, suggesting its protective effects against AS. Conclusions: These beneficial effects were attributed to the modulation of gut microbiota, anti-inflammatory properties, and the maintenance of skeletal metabolic homeostasis. This study contributes new evidence supporting the relationship between gut microbiota and bone health.
Ameliorated Chameleon Algorithm-Based Shape Optimization of Disk Wang–Ball Curves
Authors: Liang Yan , Yang Rui , Hu Xianzhi , Hu Gang
Published: December 2024

The shape design and optimization of complex disk curves is a crucial and intractable technique in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Based on disk Wang–Ball (DWB) curves, this paper defines a novel combined disk Wang–Ball (CDWB) curve with constrained parameters and investigates the shape optimization of CDWB curves by using the multi-strategy ameliorated chameleon swarm algorithm (MCSA). Firstly, in order to meet the various shape design requirements, the CDWB curves consisting of n DWB curves are defined, and the G1 and G2 geometric continuity conditions for the curves are derived. Secondly, the shape optimization of CDWB curves is considered as a minimization problem with curve energy as the objective, and an optimization model is developed under the constraints of the splicing conditions. Finally, the meta-heuristic algorithm MCSA is introduced to solve the established optimization model to obtain the minimum energy value, and its performance is verified by comparison with other algorithms. The results of representative numerical examples confirm the effectiveness and competitiveness of the MCSA for the CDWB curve shape optimization problems.
The Intrinsic Experience of Tourism Autobiographical Memory on Environmentally Responsible Behavior: A Self-Expansion Perspective
Authors: Shen Junxian , Wong Cora Un In , Zhang Hongfeng , Li Fanbo , Chen Jianhui
Published: December 2024

The existing literature on environmentally responsible behavior in tourists focuses primarily on the factors that influence this behavior, such as tourists’ attitudes and negative feelings. However, the intrinsic benefits of conservation for individual and societal well-being are often overlooked. Under the theoretical lens of self-expansion theory, this study examined the influence of Chinese tourists’ tourism autobiographical memory on their environmentally responsible behavior using a questionnaire survey (N = 434) with partial least squares structural equation modeling. The result attested that tourists’ self-expansion and psychological richness serially mediate the association between their tourism autobiographical memory and environmentally responsible behavior as a tourist. In addition, the implicit theories of personality moderate the prediction of tourist autobiographical memory on self-expansion. The results provide an additional explanation for environmentally responsible behavior in tourists, with practical implications for marketers and operators in the industry.
A New Single-Step Bolt Tightening Method for Multi-Bolt Flange Structures
Authors: Zhong Jiacheng , Bao Jianwen , Wang Junyi , Xu Zhigang , Yang Mingyi , Shi Yanjie
Published: December 2024

Single-step tightening is simple and fast compared to multi-step tightening, and it is therefore frequently used during the tightening of bolts in flange structures. However, single-step tightening to maintain uniformity is more difficult to achieve. To address this problem, existing methods such as the Elastic Interaction Coefficient Method (EICM) and Tetraparametric Assembly Method (TAM) have been investigated for load uniformity in single-step tightening. In order to improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of the traditional methods, a new single-step tightening method is proposed in this paper. This method can realize the design of the initial preload force simply by measuring the change in bolt load in a specific sequence. It is verified by numerical simulation that this method can realize the uniform distribution of bolt load. In addition, this paper will provide suggestions for the optimal tightening sequence for the single-step tightening method.
Revealing the Impact of Depth and Surface Property Variations on Infrared Detection of Delamination in Concrete Structures Under Natural Environmental Conditions
Authors: Cheng Chongsheng , Chen Dequan , Shao Shuai , Na Ri , Cai Haonan , Zhou Hongwen , Wu Bo
Published: December 2024

Infrared thermography (IRT) is an effective nondestructive testing method for detecting delamination in concrete structures. However, erroneous data interpretation often diminishes its practical utility due to surface irregularities (e.g., color variations) during inspection. These “noisy conditions” alter the temperature distribution of the structure under solar heating cycles, making it challenging to quantify delamination based on the developed thermal contrast (ΔT). This study experimentally investigates the impact of different surface conditions (bare concrete vs. painted surfaces) on ΔT. Artificial delamination at varying depths was simulated and tested under natural environmental conditions, where the maximum ΔT values for shallow delamination were 9.40 °C (bare concrete), 7.35 °C (yellow paint), and 5.15 °C (white paint), respectively. This study measured and analyzed the absorptivity (bare concrete: 0.652, yellow paint: 0.538, and white paint: 0.369), emissivity, and the temperature difference (δT) between non-delaminated areas and air, revealing their correlation with ΔT variation. Based on the results, three typical scenarios are proposed to correlate δT with delamination detection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the optimal detection window and present a new approach to quantifying delamination at different time windows. The conclusion also discusses the limitations of this study and future research directions.
Flexural Behaviour of Non-Autoclaved Pre-Stressed High-Strength Concrete Pipe Piles with Different Rubber Contents
Authors: Wen Jiahao , Liu Feng , Yang Fei , Chen Dawei , Liu Jia , Xu Gang , Chen Haofan , Liang Xu , Ding Guangcheng , Li Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Non-autoclaved pre-stressed high-strength rubber-modified concrete (NA-PHRC) pipe piles were developed to address the high energy consumption and brittleness of existing pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles. The comparative flexural test results showed that the deformation capacity of NA-PHRC pipe piles improved, which was correlated with the rubber content. However, both the cracking moment and the ultimate moment decreased. When the rubber content is 5% and 10%, the cracking moment decreases by 3.85% and 7.69%, respectively, while the ultimate moment decreases by 3.75% and 7.28%. Additionally, the theoretical calculation results of the influence of rubber on the cracking and ultimate moments were consistent with the experimental results. Thus, this innovative NA-PHRC pipe pile can be applied in environments that require high durability.
Construction of Evaluation Index System for Suitability of Sunshine and Thermal Environment of Public Activity Space for the Elderly with Young Children
Authors: Yang Minmin , Liu Yu
Published: December 2024

With the aging of China’s population and the liberalization of the birth policy, the country’s social population structure has changed, and the public activity spaces of residential areas are expected to meet the new needs created by such change. According to the existing literature, the most common population group in the public activity spaces in China’s current residential areas consists of the elderly with young children. However, how to evaluate the suitability of these spaces from the perspective of sunshine and thermal environments remains unclear. To fill this research gap, this article takes Xi’an as a case to explore the construction of an evaluation index system for sunshine and thermal environment suitability in the public activity spaces of residential areas for the elderly with young children. Firstly, based on field research and literature review, four initial indices were established, including sunshine demand hours, ultraviolet intensity, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), and the wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT). Secondly, on the basis of field research and expert interviews, these indices were revised and finalized, mainly with regard to the sunshine and thermal environment suitability for the elderly with young children in the urban residential area, so as to make the indices more in line with the actual research problems. Thirdly, a scoring method for each of the finalized indexes was proposed, resulting in a comprehensive evaluation index system. Finally, the suitability and operability of the constructed index system were validated through practical application in a sample residential area. The results show that, based on some known indices, the evaluation index system of the sunshine and thermal environment suitability of public activity space for the elderly with young children can be established. Its application is potentially helpful in making the public activity space environment in existing residential areas in China more adaptable to the needs of the elderly with young children.
Spatial Genomics Identifies Heat Shock Proteins as Key Molecular Changes Associated to Adipose Periprostatic Space Invasion in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cussenot Olivier , Poupel Lucie , Mousset Coralie , Lavergne Julien , Bruyere Franck , Fontaine Alix , Cancel-Tassin Géraldine , Fromont-Hankard Gaelle
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To identify molecular changes during PCa invasion of adipose space using Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of PCa cells. Methods: This study was performed on paired intraprostatic and extraprostatic samples obtained from radical prostatectomy with pT3a pathological stages. Results: Differential gene expression revealed upregulation of heat shock protein genes: DNAJB1, HSPA8, HSP90AA1, HSPA1B, HSPA1A in PCa PanCK+ cells from the adipose periprostatic space. Extraprostatic extension was significantly associated with overexpression of genes involved in metastatic spread (EGR1, OR51E2, SPON2), of aggressiveness ERG negative signature of enhancers of androgen receptor (HOXB13, FOXA1), and of PSMA (FOLH1). They were associated with loss at 6q, 10q, 16q, and gain at 8q24 locus. Conclusions: PCa invasion of adipose EPE induces adaptative process related to heat shock proteins; PCa cells in EPE also present transcriptomics signatures for ERG independent aggressiveness, androgen receptor co-activation, and specific CNV changes.
Novel Therapeutics in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Mavroeidis Leonidas , Napolitano Andrea , Huang Paul , Jones Robin L.
Published: December 2024

There has been noteworthy progress in molecular characterisation and therapeutics in soft tissue sarcomas. Novel agents have gained regulatory approval by the FDA. Examples are the tyrosine kinase inhibitors avapritinib and ripretinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), the immune check point inhibitor atezolizumab in alveolar soft part tissue sarcoma, the γ-secretase inhibitor nirogacestat in desmoid tumours, the NTRK inhibitors larotrectinib and entrectinib in tumours with NTRK fusions, the mTOR inhibitor nab-sirolimus in PEComa, and the EZH-2 inhibitor tazemetostat in epithelioid sarcoma. The FDA has also recently granted accelerated approval for autologous T-cell therapy with afami-cel in patients with HLA-A*02 and MAGE-A4-expressing synovial sarcoma. There are other promising treatments that are still investigational, such as MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors in well-/dedifferentiated liposarcoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors in the head and neck angiosarcoma and a subset of patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and PARP inhibitors in leiomyosarcoma. The challenges in drug development in soft tissue sarcoma are due to the rarity and the molecular heterogeneity of the disease and the fact that many subtypes are associated with complex karyotypes or non-targetable molecular alterations. We believe that progress maybe possible with a better understanding of the complex biology, the development of novel compounds for difficult targets such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (Protacs), the utilisation of modern clinical trial designs, and enhanced collaboration of academia with industry to develop treatments with a strong biologic rationale.
Carbon Materials Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Water Treatment: A Pathway to Process Intensification
Authors: Santos Ana Sofia G. G. , Orge Carla A. , Pereira Manuel Fernando R. , Soares Olívia Salomé G. P.
Published: December 2024

Over the past few years, heterogeneous catalysis has been recognized as a versatile and efficient approach for applications in environmental remediation systems. The water treatment field is one of the most prominent beneficiaries of these various catalytic processes due to the crucial need to promote water reuse. However, there are still shortcomings related to the efficiency of these processes when applied to increasingly complex water matrices composed of different classes of contaminants. The present review aims to address the advantages associated with the application of catalytic processes and the diverse catalysts for water treatment while exploring how to take advantage of process integration as a solution to address the challenges posed by the growing complexity of environmental matrices.
Bimetallic and Trimetallic Catalysts Advancements in the Conventional and MW-Assisted Propane Dehydrogenation Process
Authors: Muccioli Olga , Ruocco Concetta , Palma Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

A huge variety of chemical commodities are built from propylene molecules, and its conventional production technologies (naphtha steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking) are unable to satisfy C3H6’s increasing requirements. In this scenario, Direct Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) provides a practical and reliable route for supplying this short demand due to the economic availability of the raw material (C3H8) and the high propylene selectivities. The main challenges of propane dehydrogenation technology are related to the design of very active catalysts with negligible byproduct formation. In particular, the issue of catalyst deactivation by coke deposition still requires further development. In addition, PDH is a considerable endothermic reaction, and the efficiency of this technology is strictly related to heat transfer management. Thus, this current review specifically discusses the recent advances in highly dispersed bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts proposed for the PDH reaction in both conventional-heated and microwave-heated reactors. From the point of view of catalyst development, the recent research is mainly addressed to obtain nanometric and single-atom catalysts and core–shell alloys: atomically dispersed metal atoms promote the desorption of surface-bonded propylene and inhibit its further dehydrogenation. The discussion is focused on the alternative formulations proposed in the last few years, employing active species and supports different from the classical Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst. Concerning the conventional route of energy-supply to the catalytic bed, the advantage of using a membrane as well as fluidized bed reactors is highlighted. Recent developments in alternative microwave-assisted dehydrogenation (PDH) employing innovative catalytic systems based on silicon carbide (SiC) facilitate selective heating of the catalyst. This advancement leads to improved catalytic activity and propylene selectivity while effectively reducing coke formation. Additionally, it promotes environmental sustainability in the ongoing electrification of chemical processes.
In Situ Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on N-Doped Biochar as High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Matos Renata , Manuel Jorge V. , Fernandes António J. S. , Abdelkader-Fernández Victor K. , Peixoto Andreia F. , Fernandes Diana M.
Published: December 2024

The development of sustainable and high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is fundamental to fuel cell implementation. Non-precious transition metal oxides present interesting electrocatalytic behavior, and their incorporation into N-doped carbon supports leads to excellent ORR performance. Herein, we prepared a shrimp shell-derived biochar (CC), which was doped with nitrogen via a ball milling approach (N-CC), and then used as support for Co3O4 nanoparticles growth (N-CC@Co3O4). Co3O4 loading was optimized using three different amounts of cobalt precursor: 1.56, 2.33 and 3.11 mmol in N-CC@Co3O4_1, N-CC@Co3O4_2 and N-CC@Co3O4_3, respectively. Interestingly, all prepared electrocatalysts, including the initial biochar CC, presented electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. Both N-doping and the introduction of Co3O4 NPs had a significant positive effect on ORR performance. Meanwhile, the three composites showed distinct ORR behavior, demonstrating that it is possible to tune their electrocatalytic performance by changing the Co3O4 loading. Overall, N-CC@Co3O4_2 achieved the most promising ORR results, displaying an Eonset of 0.84 V vs. RHE, jL of −3.45 mA cm−2 and excellent selectivity for the 4-electron reduction (n = 3.50), besides good long-term stability. These results were explained by a combination of high content of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N, high ratio of pyridinic-N/graphitic-N, and optimized Co3O4 loading interacting synergistically with the porous N-CC support.
Modulation of the Coordination Environment of Graphene-Loaded NiFe-LDH and PbO2 Catalysts by Plasma for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Tingting , Zhang Zheng , Tan Fei , Liu Huayu , Li Xingyu , Wang Hongqi , Yang Qing
Published: December 2024

The generation of hydrogen through water electrolysis represents a significant advancement in the transition towards low-carbon energy systems. Graphene-supported catalysts have demonstrated significant potential in improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) among several electrocatalysts utilised for this process. Nonetheless, attaining exact control over the morphology and electrical configuration of these catalysts continues to pose a considerable difficulty. This study presents the development of a highly effective electrocatalyst composed of graphene-supported NiFe LDH and PbO2, incorporating sulphur anions into the structure by a plasma jet treatment method. By optimising the ratio of sulphur anions, we were able to fine-tune the local coordination environment, which effectively adjusted the properties of the OH and OOH intermediates, thereby improving the OER catalytic performance. The plasma treatment introduced vacancy defects into the catalyst, further regulating its surface morphology and electronic structure. After sulphur anion optimisation, the graphene-supported catalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance in alkaline environments, achieving an OER overpotential of 228 mV at 100 mA·cm−2. This performance, along with exceptional stability, exceeds the majority of previously documented catalysts. The results underscore the promise of sulphur anion optimisation and plasma treatment in improving OER performance, providing significant insights for the advancement of highly effective water-splitting catalysts.
Synthesis and Mechanism of Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst MoS2-WO3
Authors: Lu Yuan , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Ren Siyuan , Mei Yukun , Xu Longjun
Published: December 2024

A novel spherical MoS2/WO3 composite was fabricated via a hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB from wastewater. The structure and morphology of the photocatalyst were systematically characterized. The MoS2/WO3 nanospheres formed a p-n heterojunction, with charge migration following a Z-scheme mechanism. The MoS2/WO3 composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, achieving a 94.5% degradation rate for RhB in just 60 min under visible light irradiation, far surpassing the performance of pure WO3 and MoS2. This enhanced activity was attributed to the improved charge separation efficiency and redox capacity, enabled by the unique “layer–bending layer” growth mode. The composite’s transfer resistance (Rct) was as low as 7.42 × 102 Ω, promoting faster electrochemical reactions. With a maximum photocurrent density of 87 μA·cm−2, the composite rapidly separated photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The primary reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction were ·OH and O2−, with h+ playing a secondary role.
Green Synthesis of Photocatalytically Active ZnO Nanoparticles Using Chia Seed Extract and Mechanistic Elucidation of the Photodegradation of Diclofenac and p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Ounis Dkhil Yossra , Peppel Tim , Sebek Michael , Strunk Jennifer , Houas Ammar
Published: December 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using a simple and eco-friendly precipitation method, employing a capping agent derived from chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO with a hexagonal crystal structure and an average crystallite size of less than 30 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed distinct quasi-spherical and nanorod-like morphologies, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the presence of zinc and oxygen. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) indicated significant activity in the UV region, with the nanoparticles exhibiting a band gap of 3.25 eV. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated through their ability to degrade diclofenac sodium (DCF) and para-nitrophenol (4-nitrophenol, PNP) under UV-LED irradiation, achieving pollutant removal rates exceeding 98%. The degradation mechanism is clarified by a detailed characterization of the reaction intermediates. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO NPs synthesized from chia seed extract for effective environmental remediation of pharmaceutical and organic pollutants.
Towards Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction: One-Step Synthesis of Co-N Catalysts with Polyhexamethylene Guanidine as Nitrogen Precursor
Authors: Song Ruyang , Gu Lin , Sun Chuanyue , Li Huaxing , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Dong Yunyun , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: December 2024

Developing non-noble metal catalysts that exhibit oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity comparable to or exceeding that of platinum-based catalysts remains a significant challenge. This research presents the successful fabrication of novel cobalt-nitrogen (Co-N) catalysts through a straightforward one-step synthesis method. This method involves stirring a mixture of cobalt (II) nitrate, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) as a nitrogen source, and carbon spheres at ambient temperature. By varying the mass ratio of PHMG to cobalt salt, three distinct catalyst formulations were produced. The catalyst with an optimal PHMG-to-cobalt nitrate ratio of 2:1 (Co-PHMG-2@C) exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolytes. This catalyst demonstrated a high onset potential of 0.97 V and a half-wave potential of 0.82 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), favorably comparable to those of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst (1.02 V vs. RHE). Furthermore, Co-PHMG-2@C displayed superior stability and resistance to methanol poisoning. The scalability of this synthesis technique offers a promising pathway for cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of carbon nanomaterials for applications in fuel cells and other electrochemical energy devices.
Photocatalytic and Thermo-Photocatalytic Processes: Advantages of Modelling Light Irradiation and Temperature Profiles
Authors: Muñoz-Batista Mario J.
Published: December 2024

This contribution presents a personal perspective on the development of thermo-photocatalytic schemes. It discusses several concepts focused on the common presentation of catalytic and thermo-photocatalytic data, with special emphasis on the determination of TOF (Turnover Frequency) and Quantum Efficiency parameters. The importance of including temperature profiles and photon absorption rates in the analysis for intrinsic kinetic studies, comparison of catalytic results, and the potential scaling of reactors is highlighted. Additionally, topics related to the efficiency of the use of radiation and heat transfer are discussed. Photon absorption profiles are presented for a TiO2 catalytic surface of 20 × 20 cm (both fluorescent and LED configuration), as well as the temperature profile obtained using a thermal resistance with a diameter of 5 cm in a flat reactor. Using this example, the importance of designing thermo-photocatalytic systems to ensure an acceptable level of homogeneity in light irradiation and temperature is discussed. The discussion provides data that positions thermo-photocatalytic processes in the early stages of research. It is still necessary to advance the understanding of phenomena occurring under mixed temperature and light conditions. Additionally, new materials that meet the required characteristics for each application need to be developed, along with the design of new thermo-photocatalytic reactors.
Challenges for Compliance with Industrial Effluent Regulations—An Industry Perspective
Authors: Mokhtar Zulaikha , Kenway Steven , Mat Nashir Irdayanti
Published: December 2024

This study thoroughly examines the environmental challenges faced by Malaysian industries in adhering to industrial effluent regulations, addressing the question: what are the obstacles to compliance from the industry’s perspective? This study focuses on eight industries known for low environmental compliance over a seven-year period. Interviews with 13 stakeholders with combined operational experience of over 200 years were conducted to uncover barriers to compliance from the industry’s viewpoint. Key challenges identified include costs, employee attitudes, technology, management support, public complaints, and jurisdictional issues. The responses highlighted the complexity of compliance issues, ranging from divergent to unified viewpoints. According to respondents, enhancing compliance hinges on behavioral changes driven by awareness, incentives, enforcement, guidance, industry ratings, management commitment, and public disclosure of emissions data. This approach provides fresh practical insights that contribute to policy development, insights not previously documented in the literature. This study underscores the government’s crucial role in regulation adherence and the need to analyze barriers and explore alternative approaches. Understanding industry perspectives and strategies for continuous improvement is imperative. Therefore, analyzing current challenges and adopting adaptive measures are essential steps towards achieving self-compliance, continuous improvement, and ensuring environmental sustainability.
Anxiety and Depression and Sleep Problems Among Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Dyląg Katarzyna Anna , Wieczorek-Stawińska Wiktoria , Cichoń-Chojnacka Agata , Piaskowska Anna , Jaroszewska Katarzyna , Wasiak Kornelia , Jagła Tomasz , Frączek Julia , Abram Aneta , Costanzo Adriana , Landri Federica , Dumnicka Paulina , Popiołek Lech
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common among children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and are often accompanied by emotional and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in children with FASD. Methods: The study included 90 children aged 7 to 16 years diagnosed with FASD, who were primarily in foster or adoptive care. Participants completed validated psychometric tools, including the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2). Results: Sleep disturbances were significant, with 71.1% of participants scoring above the clinical threshold in CSHQ. State anxiety, measured by STAIC C-1, was positively correlated with specific sleep difficulties, such as bedtime resistance (r = 0.30, p = 0.008) and sleep anxiety (r = 0.31, p = 0.005). However, no correlation was found between trait anxiety (STAIC C-2) and sleep problems. Parent-reported depressive symptoms, measured using CDI 2:P, were strongly associated with general sleep disturbances (r = 0.27, p < 0.011), parasomnias (r = 0.33, p = 0.002) and daytime sleepiness (r = 0.34, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that sleep disturbances in children with FASD are closely related to state anxiety and depressive symptoms. The results emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing sleep and emotional health in this population. Further research is needed to examine these relationships and their implications for clinical practice.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Competency and Educational Needs: Results of an AI Survey of Members of the European Society of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgeons (ESPES)
Authors: Till Holger , Elsayed Hesham , Escolino Maria , Esposito Ciro , Shehata Sameh , Singer Georg
Published: December 2024

Background: Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are set to revolutionize healthcare, particularly in fields like endoscopic surgery that heavily rely on digital imaging. However, to effectively integrate these technologies and drive future innovations, pediatric surgeons need specialized AI/ML skills. This survey evaluated the current level of readiness and educational needs regarding AI/ML among members of the European Society of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgeons (ESPES). Methods: A structured survey was distributed via LimeSurvey to ESPES members via email before and during the 2024 Annual Conference. Responses were collected over four weeks with voluntary, anonymous participation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 125 responses were received. Two-thirds (65%) of respondents rated their AI/ML understanding as basic, with only 6% reporting advanced knowledge. Most respondents (86%) had no formal AI/ML training. Some respondents (31%) used AI/ML tools in their practice, mainly for diagnostic imaging, surgical planning, and predictive analytics; 42% of the respondents used these tools weekly. The majority (95%) expressed interest in further AI/ML training, preferring online courses, workshops, and hands-on sessions. Concerns about AI/ML in pediatric surgery were high (85%), especially regarding data bias (98%). Half of respondents (51%) expect AI/ML to play a significant role in advancing robotic surgery, oncology, and minimally invasive techniques. A strong majority (84%) felt that the ESPES should lead AI education in pediatric surgery. Conclusions: This survey presents the ESPES with a unique opportunity to develop a competency map of its membership’s AI/ML skills and develop targeted educational programs, thus positioning the society to take the lead in AI education and the advancement of AI solutions in pediatric endosurgery.
Efficacy of Functional Re-Education as a Treatment for Infantile Flexible Flatfoot: Systematic Review
Authors: Molina-García Cristina , Banwell George , Álvarez-Salvago Francisco , Reinoso-Cobo Andrés , Pujol-Fuentes Clara , Medina-Luque Jose , Ramos-Petersen Laura
Published: December 2024

Background: Flexible pediatric flatfoot is an anatomical presentation of the foot that is common in children, and its functional impact raises long-term uncertainty. Functional re-education includes strengthening and stretching exercises for the intrinsic and extrinsic musculature of the foot, proposed as an effective conservative treatment. However, to date, there is no systematic review examining its effectiveness in the pediatric population. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of functional re-education as a conservative treatment for flexible pediatric flatfoot, determining which exercises are most effective. Methods: A search (PROSPERO: CRD42023391030) was conducted across six databases, resulting in an initial total of 327 studies. Of these, 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a sample of 419 children aged 6 to 14 years with a diagnosis of flexible flatfoot. The evaluated studies present variations in diagnostic criteria, types of exercises, and treatment duration. Results: The results indicate that functional re-education is effective in improving the symptomatology and functionality of the foot in children. In particular, exercises targeting the intrinsic musculature proved to be among the most effective treatments, improving the structural development of the medial longitudinal arch. The reviewed literature recommends a minimum treatment duration of eight weeks. Conclusions: Functional re-education represents an effective conservative treatment option for flexible flatfoot in children, positioning it as the treatment of choice for this condition.
Efficacy of Health Literacy Interventions for Caregivers of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental and Chronic Conditions: A Rapid Review
Authors: Nevill Thom , Keeley Jessica , Hunt Susan , Skoss Rachel , Lindly Olivia , Downs Jenny , Blackmore Amanda Marie
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Caregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions require health literacy (HL) skills for the long-term management of these conditions. The aim of this rapid review was to investigate the efficacy of HL interventions for these caregivers. Methods: Five databases (Cochrane Central, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported the efficacy of any intervention aimed at improving the HL of caregivers of individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder or chronic condition and assessed caregiver HL. All original intervention study designs were eligible, as were systematic reviews. Studies had to be published in English since 2000; grey literature was excluded. The review was registered before commencement with PROSPERO (CRD42023471833). Results: There were 3389 unique records, of which 28 papers (reporting 26 studies) were included. In these studies, 2232 caregivers received interventions through a wide range of media (online, group, written materials, one-to-one, video, phone, and text messages). Research designs were classified as Levels I (n = 8), II (n = 5), III (n = 2), and IV (n = 11), and the quality of evidence ranged from high to very low. Half (n = 7) of the trials with moderate to high evidence levels reported significant between-group differences in caregiver HL outcomes and/or individuals’ health-related outcomes. Effective interventions occurred across a wide range of conditions, ages, and carer education levels and using a diversity of intervention media. Conclusions: HL interventions for caregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental and chronic conditions can improve health-related outcomes and caregivers’ HL. Longer and more intensive HL programs may be more likely to be effective, but attention must be paid to participant retention.
Association Between Adolescent Violence Exposure and the Risk of Suicide: A 15-Year Study in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Chieh , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Sun Chien-An , Tsao Chang-Huei , Ng Daphne Yih , Weng Tsu-Hsuan , Fann Li-Yun , Lin Fu-Huang , Chien Wu-Chien
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: According to the 2023 Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics, the suicide rate among adolescents aged 15 to 24 has steadily increased since 2018, from 3.7 to 5.5 per 100,000 populations, reaching a recent high. Although previous studies have pointed out that the future risk of suicide of those who had suffered from abuse was higher than that of the general population, researchers seldom focused on adolescent groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the risk of suicide after youth violence and the impact of subsequent comorbid mental illness and suicide risk. Methods: This retrospective matched cohort study analyzed data from the NHIRD, covering the period from 2000 to 2015. A total of 976 cases aged 10–18 who had experienced violence were included in this study. Controlled grouping was conducted by 1:10 matching based on gender, age, and the time of medical treatment, and a control group who had not experienced violence was selected for comparison. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the risk of suicide among adolescents after exposure to violence. Results: The suicide rate among adolescents who have experienced violence was significantly higher than that of the control group after 15 years of follow-up (1.0% vs. 0.5%). The prevalence of mental illness or disorders in adolescents exposed to violence was significantly higher than in the control group (45.2% vs. 40.1%). Among adolescents who had experienced violence, the methods of suicide included poisoning (solid and liquid) (53.6% vs. 43.2%), hanging (1.2% vs. 0.6%), firearms (2.4% vs. 0%), and cutting instruments (27.4% vs. 22.8%), all of which were significantly higher than in the control group. After adjusting for gender, age, residential area, and mental health comorbidities, the risk of suicide in those who had experienced violence was 1.475 times that of the control group (95% CI = 1.125–1.933; p = 0.005). Conclusions: In this study, female, younger age, and comorbid mental disorders were identified as risk factors for suicide among the adolescent victims of violence. Exposure to youth violence was associated with an increased prevalence of emotional disorders, including depression and social isolation, which subsequently elevated the suicide risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for governmental attention to the mental health of adolescent victims of violence. Implementing targeted psychological support and intervention programs could play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of suicide among this vulnerable population.
Multi-Analytical Study of Damage to Marine Ballast Tank Coatings After Cyclic Corrosion Testing
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Beaumont Douglas , Zhou Xiaorong , Burnett Timothy , Morsch Suzanne , Lyon Stuart , Iannarelli Paul , Di Lullo Claudio , Hijnen Niek , Emad Reza , Coghlan Lawrence , Hashimoto Teruo
Published: December 2024

Seawater ballast tanks in vessels are subject to severe service conditions caused by repeated filling/emptying, as well as temperature variation. Consequently, relatively thick, barrier-type coatings are used for corrosion protection of their internals. These are generally formulated with solvent-based epoxy binders and contain a range of flake pigments designed to limit environmental entry. Here, we report on a detailed study of damage processes in order to understand the mechanisms of failure after hygro-thermal cyclic corrosion testing. Similar formulations were cured using variant phenalkamine cross-linkers. Visual observation after corrosion testing shows minimal changes and no sign of corrosion damage. However, high-resolution analytical microscopy and nanoscale tomography reveal the onset of microstructural and chemical damage processes inside the coating. Thus, kaolin and talc pigments in the coating remained stable under hygro-thermal cycling; however, dolomite and barium sulphate dissolved slightly, causing voids. Galvanic protection of the substrate by aluminium flake pigments was disproven as no electrical connection was evident. Vibrational spectroscopy revealed a decrease in residual epoxy functionality after exposure for the coating cured with the more stable phenalkamine. This was correlated with an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) and no observable corrosion of aluminium flakes. In contrast, the less stable phenalkamine cross-linker caused the binder Tg to decrease and aluminium flakes and substrate corrosion to become evident.
Diffusion Potentials in Cement Mortars with pH Differences Due to Carbonation
Authors: Ziehensack Elke , Osterminski Kai , Gehlen Christoph
Published: December 2024

Corrosion investigations of steel-reinforced concrete structures are often based on half-cell potential measurements, in which the diffusion potentials can be a significant source of measurement errors. Therefore, the diffusion potentials must be taken into account in order to enable accurate half-cell potential measurements. This study covers the measurement of the diffusion potentials in cement mortars with pH differences due to carbonation and various mortar moisture conditions. The effect of chloride exposure of the mortars on the diffusion potentials is outside of the scope of this study. The mortars consisted of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blast furnace cement (BFC) with water–cement ratios of 0.5–0.7. The use of color indicators allows for the observation of the pH drop around the carbonation front, which propagates as the carbonation progresses. The diffusion potentials in the mortars under study have measurement values between 10 and 240 mV. The measured diffusion potentials seem to correlate with the magnitude of the pH drop rather than the progress of the carbonation depth. The moisture condition of the mortars significantly affects the magnitude of the arising diffusion potentials.
Two-Dimensional Crystal Growth of MoS2 Thin Films from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micellar Solutions and Wettability Between Solution and Substrate
Authors: Zhu Zhunda , Liu Yuanyuan , Sawada Yasuyuki , Saito Nagahiro
Published: December 2024

In this study, the growth of 2D MoS2 thin films on SiO2/Si substrates was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solutions, and the effects of SDS concentration and substrate treatment on crystal growth were evaluated. By increasing the SDS concentration, the wettability was improved, and uniform MoS2 crystal growth was promoted by micellar formation. When the SDS concentration exceeded 10−4 mol/L, the static contact angle sharply decreased, indicating uniform 2D material growth. The optimal conditions that enabled a uniform supply of Mo-based precursors were as follows: SDS concentration of 3.5 × 10−4 mol/L; Na2MoO4·2H2O concentration of 1.7 × 10−2 mol/L. The results indicate that solution-based processes using SDS are effective for 2D material growth, and they may be a valuable technique in future thin film device fabrication processes.
Self-Anchoring Coumarin Oxime Ester Photoinitiators with Low Migration for UV-LED Curable Coatings
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Yang Pin , Lu Huaqiao , Xiong Shiyun , Dai Gaole , Li Zhiquan
Published: December 2024

Reducing photoinitiator migration from photocured coatings remains a critical challenge, particularly for applications in food packaging and healthcare products. Here, we report a series of novel UV-LED sensitive oxime ester photoinitiators that possess self-anchoring ability through incorporating polymerizable double bonds into the coumarin chromophore. All photoinitiators exhibit strong absorption around 340 nm and efficient photolysis under 365 nm LED irradiation, showing good initiating efficiency in acrylates and thiol-ene formulations. Migration studies show that the incorporation of polymerizable groups at the oxime ester terminus reduces the migration rate of the residual photoinitiator from 81% to 16.3%, while introducing an allyl group into the coumarin structure further decreases it to 5% and potentially suppresses the migration of low-molecular-weight photolysis products. The dual-functionalized derivative achieves the lowest migration rate of 3%. This molecular design strategy provides an effective approach toward safe UV-LED curable coatings with minimal photoinitiator migration.