bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Regierung der Wissenschaft im Peer Review
Authors: Schendzielorz Cornelia , Reinhart Martin
Published: June 2020

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der fallvergleichenden Analyse des unübersichtlichen Evaluierungsphänomens Peer Review. Ausgehend von der Vielfalt des Peer Review als Gegenstand der Soziologie des Bewertens wird eine Untersuchungsperspektive entwickelt, die Peer Review als Entscheidungsmechanismus über knappe Ressourcen in seiner Verfahrensförmigkeit und Steuerungsfunktion einer empirisch vergleichenden Verfahrensanalyse zugänglich macht. Der Forschungsansatz kombiniert die praxeologischen (Stefan Hirschauer) und funktionalistischen Verfahrensanalysen (Niklas Luhmann) mit konzeptionellen Ansätzen aus der Soziologie des Bewertens und ermöglicht es, relevante Parameter zur Differenzierung und Typologisierung von Peer Review in der Wissenschaft zu bestimmen. Anhand dessen werden spezifische Tätigkeiten herausgearbeitet, die als elementare Bestandteile von Peer-Review-Verfahren identifizierbar sind. Unterschiedliche Peer-Review-Prozesse lassen sich damit anhand ihres Komplexitätsgrades bestimmen und im Spannungsverhältnis von Selbst- und Fremdsteuerung als Evaluationspolitik verorten.
Falk, Svenja, Glaab, Manuela, Römmele, Andrea, Schober, Henrik & Thunert, Martin (Hrsg.) (2019). Handbuch Politikberatung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. 623 Seiten. ISBN: 978-3-658-03482-5.
Authors: Jann Werner
Published: June 2020

After 13 years, this is the second edition of the Handbuch der Politikberatung – and the first problem is the translation of the title. The typical English translation would be Handbook of Policy Advice, but the term in Germany is used much more loosely, covering also all kinds political advice, i. e. public affairs, public relations, polls and survey research etc., and even what is called “participative advice” of and by citizens, nongovernmental organizations etc. In 39 contributions by more than 50 authors, disciplinary and theoretical aspects are covered, but especially all kinds of actors, both looking for and supplying this kind of advice are presented or present themselves. The handbook offers a good overview about the German scene, but it does not quite succeed in its aim to clarify and enhance the academic debate. Many contributions are by actors directly involved in this field, which offers interesting insights, but is something different than critical and detached analysis.
McCowan, Martina (2019). Public Administration in Times of Transnationalisation and Crisis. The Dynamics of Organisational Change in Ministries of Finance. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. Paperback, 238 Seiten, ISBN: 9783848755592 (Print).
Authors: Fromm Nadin
Published: June 2020

Recent policy and public administration studies have explored the emergence of organizational change of central government in turbulent times of reforms or crises to conclude repeatedly their manifest and persistent character. This book explores the influence of transnationalisation in fiscal policy and the European financial crisis on ministerial bureaucracies by comparing the German Federal Ministry of Finance and the Danish Ministry of Finance during the time period 1998 to 2014. The analysis is focusing on changes in organizational structure, civil servants’ behavior and levels/mode of coordination. Two types of change are distinguished: change in terms of path dependencies and profound change. The study reveals that transnationalisation as reform leads to smaller adaptations and incremental change in the first phase of the study period (1998-2007). The financial crisis in the second phase (2008-2014), however, provokes profound mchanges in terms of structure, behaviour and coordination in both countries.
Thiele, Alexander (Hrsg.) (2019). Legitimität in unsicheren Zeiten. Der demokratische Verfassungsstaat in der Krise? Mohr Siebeck, 225 Seiten. ISBN: 9783161557675.
Authors: Schwanholz Julia
Published: June 2020

Alexander Thiele’s anthology on Legitimacy in uncertain times deals with the question of whether we are in a “general and serious crisis of legitimacy in the (western) democratic state” (Thiele, 2019, S. 3). Answers are provided on the theoretical foundations of legitimacy ‒ from a historical, legal and economic perspective ‒, and on the foundation of empirical findings and solutions. The book offers readers interdisciplinary insights into the research of legal, economic and social scientists with the aim of sensitizing for the strengths and weaknesses of democracy.
An informant-based approach to argument strength in Defeasible Logic Programming
Authors: Cohen Andrea , Gottifredi Sebastian , Tamargo Luciano H. , García Alejandro J. , Simari Guillermo R.
Published: June 2020

This work formalizes an informant-based structured argumentation approach in a multi-agent setting, where the knowledge base of an agent may include information provided by other agents, and each piece of knowledge comes attached with its informant. In that way, arguments are associated with the set of informants corresponding to the information they are built upon. Our approach proposes an informant-based notion of argument strength, where the strength of an argument is determined by the credibility of its informant agents. Moreover, we consider that the strength of an argument is not absolute, but it is relative to the resolution of the conflicts the argument is involved in. In other words, the strength of an argument may vary from one context to another, as it will be determined by comparison to its attacking arguments (respectively, the arguments it attacks). Finally, we equip agents with the means to express reasons for or against the consideration of any piece of information provided by a given informant agent. Consequently, we allow agents to argue about the arguments’ strength through the construction of arguments that challenge (respectively, defeat) or are in favour of their informant agents.
Cerebral Blood Flow Is Associated with Diagnostic Class and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Duan Wenna , Sehrawat Parshant , Balachandrasekaran Arvind , Bhumkar Ashish B. , Boraste Paresh B. , Becker James T. , Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. , Gach H. Michael , Dai Weiying
Published: June 2020

Background:

Reliable cerebral blood flow (CBF) biomarkers using a noninvasive imaging technique are sought to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

We aim to identify brain regions in which CBF values are affected and related to cognitive decline in early AD using a large cohort.

Methods:

Perfusion MRIs using continuous arterial spin labeling were acquired at 1.5 T in 58 normal controls (NC), 50 mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and 40 AD subjects from the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Regional absolute CBF and normalized CBF (nCBF) values, without and with correction of partial volume effects, were compared across three groups. Association between regional CBF values and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) were investigated by multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:

After correcting for partial volume effects and cardiovascular risk factors, ADs exhibited decreased nCBF with the strongest reduction in the bilateral posterior cingulate & precuneus region ( p < 0.001) compared to NCs, and the strongest reduction in the bilateral superior medial frontal region ( p < 0.001) compared to MCIs. MCIs exhibited the strongest nCBF decrease in the left hippocampus and nCBF increase in the right inferior frontal and insular region. The 3MSE scores within the symptomatic subjects were significantly associated with nCBF in the bilateral posterior and middle cingulate and parietal ( p < 0.001), bilateral superior medial frontal ( p < 0.001), bilateral temporoparietal ( p < 0.02), and right hippocampus ( p = 0.02) regions.

Conclusion:

Noninvasive perfusion MRI can detect functional changes across diagnostic class and serve as a staging biomarker of cognitive status.
S-Adenosylmethionine Alleviates Amyloid-β-Induced Neural Injury by Enhancing Trans-Sulfuration Pathway Activity in Astrocytes
Authors: Wan Xinkun , Ma Bin , Wang Xiaoxuan , Guo Chenjia , Sun Jing , Cui Jing , Li Liang
Published: June 2020

Background:

Glutathione (GSH) is an important endogenous antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative injury. Cysteine (Cys), the substrate limiting the production of GSH, is mainly generated from the trans-sulfuration pathway. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical molecule produced in the methionine cycle and can be utilized by the trans-sulfuration pathway. Reductions in GSH and SAM as well as dysfunction in the trans-sulfuration pathway have been documented in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Our previous in vivo study revealed that SAM administration attenuated oxidative stress induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) through the enhancement of GSH.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of Aβ-induced oxidative stress on the trans-sulfuration pathway in astrocytes and neurons, respectively, and the protective effect of SAM on neurons.

Methods:

APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the primary cultured astrocytes, neurons, and HT22 cells were used in the current study.

Results:

SAM could rescue the low trans-sulfuration pathway activity induced by Aβ only in astrocytes, accompanying with increasing levels of Cys and GSH. The decrease of cellular viability of neurons caused by Aβ was greatly reversed when co-cultured with astrocytes with SAM intervention. Meanwhile, SAM improved cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion:

In terms of astrocyte protection from oxidative stress, SAM might be a potent antioxidant in the therapy of AD patients.
Upregulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid-β Protein Precursor in Astrocytes Both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liang Yingxia , Raven Frank , Ward Joseph F. , Zhen Sherri , Zhang Siyi , Sun Haoqi , Miller Sean J. , Choi Se Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Zhang Can
Published: June 2020

Background:

The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) posits that amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation underlies the pathogenesis of the disease by leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, a pathologic hallmark of AD. Aβ is a proteolytic product of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP; APP), which is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes. Although considerable evidence shows that astrocytes may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD, the longitudinal changes of amyloid plaques in relationship to AβPP expression in astrocytes and cellular consequences are largely unknown.

Objective:

Here, we aimed to investigate astrocyte-related pathological changes of Aβ and AβPP using immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies in both animal and cell models.

Methods/Results:

We utilized 5XFAD transgenic mice and found age-dependent upregulation of AβPP in astrocytes demonstrated with astrocytic reactive properties, which followed appearance of amyloid plaques in the brain. We also observed that AβPP proteins presented well-defined punctate immuno reactivity in young animals, whereas AβPP staining showed disrupted structures surrounding amyloid plaques in older mice. Moreover, we utilized astrocyte cell models and showed that pretreatment of Aβ42 resulted in downstream astrocyte autonomous changes, including up regulation in AβPP and BACE1 levels, as well as prolonged amyloidogenesis that could be reduced by pharmacological inhibition of BACE1.

Conclusion:

Collectively, our results show that age-dependent AβPP up regulation in astrocytes is a key feature in AD, which will not only provide novel insights for understanding AD progression, but also may offer new therapeutic strategies for treating AD.
Identification of a Cascade of Changes in Activities of Daily Living Preceding Short-Term Clinical Deterioration in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia via Lead-Lag Analysis
Authors: Fuentes Manuel , Klostermann Arne , Kleineidam Luca , Bauer Chris , Schuchhardt Johannes , Maier Wolfgang , Jessen Frank , Frölich Lutz , Wiltfang Jens , Kornhuber Johannes , Klöppel Stefan , Schieting Vera , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Peters Oliver
Published: June 2020

Background:

Cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL) become increasingly impaired with progressing Alzheimer’s disease. However, the temporal dynamics of this decline are inconsistent.

Objective:

To gain insight into the classical temporal cascade of specific cognitive and ADL changes, which may aid in improving detection of an impending clinical deterioration in patients, and to select ADL items and tests most sensitive to change in a specific disease stage.

Methods:

Patients with mild Alzheimer’s dementia (AD; MMSE = 23.9±2.88) were followed at 12 and 24 months. Lead-lag analysis of changes in cognitive and functional outcome measures (CDR-SOB, 12 neuropsychological subtest scores from the CERAD + test battery, 25 Bayer-ADL items) was applied to rank the temporal sequence of changes on an ordinal scale.

Results:

Of 164 patients with mild AD, moderate disease progression was identified in 84 patients over 24 months ( ΔMMSE 5.8±8.64; ΔCDR-SOB 4.32±4.03). Ten Bayer-ADL item measures were altered early in moderate progressors and included in a new ADL composite score. Accordingly, the new ADL score surpassed all neuropsychological measures in repeated lead-lag analysis. The Bayer-ADL total score, TMT-A, and MMSE were lagging variables in all lead-lag analyses.

Conclusion:

Short-term clinical deterioration in mild AD is initially preceded by changes (i.e., decline) in a well-defined set of ADL and not in classical cognitive measures.
Multiobjective optimization research on the response time of a pneumatic pilot-operated high speed on/off valve
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Youtong , Liang Yuxiu , Yang Ye , Jiao Jie
Published: June 2020

In order to solve the contradiction between the opening and closing time of the high speed on/off valve for space propulsion systems of the liquid rocket engine, a pneumatic pilot-operated high speed on/off valve is proposed and multiobjective optimization for the opening and closing time of the valve is carried out in this paper. Based on the analysis of the working mechanism of the valve, the mathematical models for the pilot valve and the main valves are established respectively. The Plackett-Burman design is used to select the optimization variables which influence the performance of the response time significantly. The central composite design is used to obtain the sample points and establish second-order response surface models of the response time. The NSGA-II is used to obtain the Pareto front of the optimization objectives. The optimized opening and closing time can be reduced by 17.7% and 37.4% respectively. A prototype based on the optimized parameters is manufactured and tested to verify the accuracy of the multiobjective optimization results. The test results verify the validity of the optimization approach for the proposed valve in this paper.
Predicting short-term traffic flow in urban based on multivariate linear regression model
Authors: Li Dahui
Published: June 2020

In order to overcome the problems of low accuracy and time-consuming of traditional prediction methods for short-term traffic flow in urban, a prediction methods for short-term traffic flow in urban based on multiple linear regression model is proposed. The corresponding data attributes of short-term traffic flow in urban are selected by traffic operation status, and used as the original data of traffic flow prediction. According to the selected attributes, spatial static attributes data and traffic flow dynamic attributes data are collected, and fault data are identified and repaired. A multiple linear regression model for prediction of short-term traffic flow in urban is constructed to realize the prediction of short-term traffic flow in urban. The experimental results show that, compared with other methods, the average prediction accuracy of the proposed method is as high as 98.48%, and the prediction time is always less than 0.7 s, which is shorter.
Fuzzy clustering discrete equilibrium analysis on the promotion of government venture investment to enterprise innovation
Authors: Bing Feng
Published: June 2020

In order to effectively improve the accuracy of related analysis models in the application of government risk investment, a government risk investment prediction model based on fuzzy clustering discrete algorithm is put forward in this paper. First of all, government risk investment problem is analyzed. Based on Markowitz theory, the general government risk investment model is considered, and the market value constraint and the upper bound constraint are combined to improve the government risk investment model and obtain the mixed constraint government risk investment model. Secondly, the fuzzy clustering discrete algorithm is introduced in the analysis process of government venture investment model, and it is used to solve the mixed constraint analysis model of government venture investment. In addition, to further improve the performance of discrete algorithm based on fuzzy clustering in the model solving process, automatic contraction and expansion of factors is used to carry out adaptive learning of related parameters based fuzzy clustering discrete algorithm, and improve the convergence of the algorithm. Finally, the simulation experiments on some stock samples of investment sector show that the algorithm in this paper can obtain more ideal government venture investment schemes, so as to reduce investment risk and obtain greater investment returns.
Certain types of m-polar interval-valued fuzzy graph
Authors: Bera Sanchari , Pal Madhumangal
Published: June 2020

In this paper, an unprecedented kind of fuzzy graph designated as m-polar interval valued fuzzy graph (m-PIVFG) is defined. Complement of the m-PIVFG open and closed neighborhood degrees of m-PIVFG are discussed. The other algebraic properties such as density, regularity, irregularity of the m-PIVFG are investigated. Moreover, some basic results on regularity and irregularity of m-PIVFG are proved. Free nodes and busy nodes of m-PIVFG is explored with some basic theorems and examples. Lastly, an application of m-PIVFG is described.
K-RSA: Secure data storage technique for multimedia in cloud data server
Authors: Sinha Keshav , Priya Annu , Paul Partha
Published: June 2020

Cloud has become one of the most demanding services for data storage. On another hand, the security of data is one of the challenging tasks for Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Cryptography is one of the ways for securing the storage data. Cryptography is not a new approach instead of the efficient utilization of cryptographical algorithms is greatly needed. In this work, we proposed a Secure Hidden Layer (SHL) and Application Programming Interface (API) for data encryption. The SHL is consisting of two major modules (i) Key Management Server (KMS) and (ii) Share Holder Server (SHS) which is used for storing and sharing of cryptographic key. For this purpose, we proposed a server-side encryption algorithm, which is based on the asymmetric algorithm (RSA and CRT) for providing end-to-end security of multimedia data. The experimental results of text and video are evidence that the size of file is not much affected after the encryption and effectively stored at Cloud Storage Server (CSS). The parameters like ciphertext size, encryption time and throughput are considered for performance evaluation of the proposed encryption technique.
Multinomial, Poisson and Gaussian statistics in count data analysis
Authors: Lass Jakob , Bøggild Magnus Egede , Hedegård Per , Lefmann Kim
Published: June 2020

It is generally known that counting statistics is not correctly described by a Gaussian approximation. Nevertheless, in neutron scattering, it is common practice to apply this approximation to the counting statistics; also at low counting numbers. We show that the application of this approximation leads to skewed results not only for low-count features, such as background level estimation, but also for its estimation at double-digit count numbers. In effect, this approximation is shown to be imprecise on all levels of count. Instead, a Multinomial approach is introduced as well as a more standard Poisson method, which we compare with the Gaussian case. These two methods originate from a proper analysis of a multi-detector setup and a standard triple axis instrument. We devise a simple mathematical procedure to produce unbiased fits using the Multinomial distribution and demonstrate this method on synthetic and actual inelastic scattering data. We find that the Multinomial method provide almost unbiased results, and in some cases outperforms the Poisson statistics. Although significantly biased, the Gaussian approach is in general more robust in cases where the fitted model is not a true representation of reality. For this reason, a proper data analysis toolbox for low-count neutron scattering should therefore contain more than one model for counting statistics.
Los sindicatos y la "Laborem Exercens"
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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La actual política de empleo y el paro
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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El paro en la región Castellano-Leonesa
Authors: Vacas Nieto José María
Published: June 2020

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El papel del animador sociocultural
Authors: Larrazabal María Salas
Published: June 2020

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Apertura del I Congreso de escuelas de formación social y de escuelas de formación sindical de España
Authors: Fierro Federico G.
Published: June 2020

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Progressive structural change in the Central American integration process
Authors: Martínez–Piva Jorge Mario
Published: June 2020

The intellectual history of ECLAC has been one of “continuity with changes”. These changes allowed adjusting policy proposals and action plans to the ever–changing international environment.

ECLAC has proposed to the Central American region mainly three development models in the last 70 years: the first one, to overcome the agro–export phase based on primary products (“outward development”) ECLAC proposed a process of industrialization and urbanization (“inward development” or “industrialization by import substitution”; the second one, was the integration with the global economy along with strengthening regional integration (“open regionalism”); and the third, more recently, a productive transformation with emphasis in equality (“progressive structural change”).

The objective of this paper is to identify a set of economic policies that could operationalize recent ECLAC’s development proposal called “progressive structural change”. The progressive structural change groups strong ideas based on the need to renew productive policy, promote sustainable development and place equality at the center of public policy actions.
Conjugation of new DNA vaccine with polyethylenimine induces cellular immune response and tumor regression in neuroblastoma mouse model
Authors: Stegantseva M.V. , Shinkevich V.A. , Tumar E.M. , Meleshko A.N.
Published: June 2020

Summary. Aim: To estimate immunogenicity and antitumor effect of new DNA vaccine against neuroblastoma using tyrosine hydroxylase as an antigen and linear polyethylenimine (PEI) 20 kDa as a synthetic DNA carrier in syngeneic mouse tumor model. Materials and Methods: DNA vaccine was made by cloning the tyrosine hydroxylase minigene fused to the potato virus X coat protein gene into the expression vector. The A/J mice were vaccinated by three intramuscular injections. For immunogenicity study, immune response was estimated by target cells cytotoxicity assay, interferon-gamma production in enzyme-linked immunospot assay and antigen-specific antibodies in 14 days after the final vaccination. Antitumor effect was assessed by measurement of tumor volume and event-free survival rate in mice with engrafted NB41A3 murine neuroblastoma cells following three intramuscular injections of the vaccine: 7 days before, 5 and 10 days after tumor engraftment. The immune response was also assessed on the 30th day after tumor engraftment. Results: The immunogenicity and antitumor effect of the vaccine in the form of aqueous solution of DNA and DNA-PEI conjugate were compared. Splenocytes cytotoxicity was the highest in the group of DNA-PEI vaccines (37.3 ± 6.9% lysis of target cells) compared with the unconjugated DNA vaccine (26.2 ± 4.0%) and placebo control (21.9 ± 3.7%). The production of interferon-gamma in the enzyme-linked immunospot assay was about ten times higher in the DNA-PEI group than in the other groups. The vaccine slowed or prevented the growth of the tumor. Mice vaccinated with the DNA-PEI vaccine had significantly better survival compared to control group (p < 0.0003). Conclusions: DNA vaccine against tyrosine hydroxylase, administered as a DNA-PEI 20 kDa conjugate, slows down the growth of neuroblastoma cells engrafted to mice.
Human microbiota and effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Shvets Yu.V. , Lukianova N.Yu. , Chekhun V.F.
Published: June 2020

Summary. This review presents up-to-date information on the effects of microbiota on the individual chemotherapy sensitivity in cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that a fine balance between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system is crucial for maintaining an efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. A number of antitumor drugs have complex mechanisms of action involving not only direct effects but also the activity of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. A unique combination of these factors contributes to the individual chemotherapy sensitivity.
NANOG as prognostic factor of prostate cancer course
Authors: Zadvornyi T.V. , Lukianova N.Yu. , Borikun T.V. , Vitruk Yu.V. , Stakhovsky E.O. , Chekhun V.F.
Published: June 2020

Summary. The variability of the clinical course of prostate cancer (PC) indicates the need to find factors that could predict the aggressive potential of neoplasms accounting the biological characteristics of tumor cells. In this context, the role of NANOG, a transcription factor involved in maintaining pluripotency and one of the markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is being actively studied today. Aim: To investigate the level of NANOG mRNA in tumor tissue of patients with PC and to analyze the possibility of its use as a marker of the disease course. Materials and Methods: The study involved 85 patients with PC of stages II–IV. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on serial paraffin sections of resected PC using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67 and androgen receptor. NANOG and miR-214 mRNA expression in tumor cells was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The identification of CSCs was performed by double-labeled immunohistochemical method using primary antibodies to CD24 and CD44. Results: We have revealed notable variability of NANOG mRNA levels in tumor tissue of patients with PC (mean 4.18 ± 0.65 a.u. with individual deviations from 0.11 ± 0.03 a.u. to 15.24 ± 0.36 a.u.). According to NANOG mRNA levels, two groups of the PC patients were delineated: group 1 and group 2, with the average NANOG mRNA levels of 2.12 ± 0.16 a.u., and 8.68 ± 1.24 a.u., respectively. The NANOG mRNA levels in tumor tissue of PC patients of groups 1 and 2 correlated with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level (r = 0.58; p < 0.05 and r = 0.64; p < 0.05, respectively), tumor volume (r = 0.42; p < 0.05 and r = 0.72; p < 0.05, respectively), regional lymph node metastases (r = 0.70; p < 0.05 and r = 0.75; p < 0.05, respectively). High NANOG mRNA levels in tumor cells were associated with such molecular and biological features of PC as androgen receptor expression (r = 0.52; p < 0.05), high proliferative activity (r = 0.60; p < 0.05) and the presence of CSC markers (r = 0.75; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that NANOG is involved in the formation of the PC malignancy and should be further studied as a potential marker for the prediction of the disease course.
Effect of plant growth regulators on the root formation in in vitro culture of Abelmoschus Sagittifolius Kurz
Authors: Dương Trân Huỳnh Ngọc , Lê Diễm Thị , Võ Mai Thị Bạch
Published: June 2020

Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz is a medicinal plant with typical pharmacological of ginseng. However, the number of trees in the nature wild is declining rapidly due to the increasing demand for logging along with the narrowing of the distribution area and the low incidence of seed germination, affecting the use for researching and developing gene sources for drug production in many areas. In this plant, root is the most important organ of the plant, so the study of root formation in in vitro has been of great significance in assessing the effect of plant growth regulators on induction roots, as well as creating a source of starting material for studies on the biosynthesis of saponin in in vitro compounds as an alternative to outside planting. The results showed that after 2 weeks of culture, the germination rate was highest (88%) when the seeds were disinfected with HgCl2 0.1%, 3 minutes and then soaked in GA3 20,0 mg/L, 120 minutes, finally seed culture on MS + 20 g/L saccharose + GA3 5.0 mg/L + 7 g/L agar. The callus formation from hypocotyl in the environment on MS medium + 20 g/L sucrose + NAA 0.5 mg/L + BA 1.5 mg/L + 7 g/L agar was appropriate for root reduction and the best root formation was applied in the medium of MS + 20 g/L sucrose + IAA 0.3 mg/L + 7 g/L agar. In conclusion, the method of tissue culture is suitable for the formation of adventitious roots from callus formation from hypocotyl of Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz.
Enerji Metabolizması, Obezite ve Hormonlar
Authors: SINAR Derya Selda , ACAR Nasuh Evrim , YILDIRIM İrfan
Published: June 2020

Obezite; insan sağlığını bozacak ölçüde vücut yağ dokularında aşırı miktarda yağ birikmesi olan kronik bir sağlık sorunudur. Obezitenin gelişiminde rol oynayan genetik, kişisel ve çevresel etkenler enerji dengesinin bozulmasına neden olur. Bu etkenlerden biri olan hormonların enerji metabolizması üzerindeki etkileri güncel araştırma konularındandır ve kilo artışı ile ilişkili olan hormonların iyi bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Son yıllarda hormonların kilo kontrolünde ve enerji metabolizmasındaki rolü hakkında bilgiler gün ışığına çıkmaktadır. Geleneksel derleme yöntemi ile oluşturulan bu çalışmada; Pub Med, Google Scholar ve Web of Science veri tabanlarındaki obezite, enerji metabolizması ve hormon anahtar kelimelerikullanılarak, enerji metabolizması ve obezitede etken olan biyokimyasal parametreler (hormonlar) literatürde yapılan çalışmalara bağlı olarak incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalar neticesinde, hormonların obezite oluşumunda bir risk faktörü oluşturabileceği ve bunların metabolik etkilerinin önemini belirtmek için uzun vadeli deneysel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu görülmektedir.
Aile, Değerler ve Din: Teorik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: BALCI ARVAS Fatma
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, evlilik ve aile hayatında önemli olan değerler ve dinin bu değerlerin desteklenmesindeki rolünü konu edinmektedir. Aile yaşamında önemli olan sevgi, saygı, güven sadakat, fedakârlık gibi aile değerleri, dinlerin de tavsiye ettiği ve aile hayatındaki önemini vurguladığı değerlerdir. Din, faydalı aile davranışları ve olumlu aile yaşamını destekleyen bir inanç sistemi sağlar. Dinlerin, aile içi geçimsizliğini önlemede ve huzurlu bir aile ortamı oluşturmada, ilişki erdemleri olarak da adlandırılan bu değerleri besleyerek yardımcı olduğu söylenebilir.
İslam dini ve kültüründe aile değerleri, genel ahlakın temel değer ve ilkelerinin bir parçasıdır. İslam, insani ilişkilerin esaslarını genel olarak merhamet ve sevgiye bağlamıştır. İster birbirine aile bağı ile bağlı olan karı-koca, anne-baba-çocuk veya akrabalar, isterse insanlık camiasını oluşturan herhangi kişiler arasındaki merhamet ve sevgi, İslam dininde insanları birbirine bağlayan en önemli bağ olarak görülmüştür.
Hutsul horse breed is an aboriginal breed of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Starodub L. F. , Stefurak Y. P. , Stefurak I. V. , Zelenchuk I. M. , Zelenchuk Y. I. , Wojcicki R. V.
Published: June 2020

Hutsul horses are the oldest Ukrainian breed and belong to the local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine. The formation and preservation of the Hutsul horse breed took place in Ukrainian lands. Proof of this are built: the state factory stable in the village. Drohobych in the Lviv region in 1822, a horse-breeding station for Hutsul horses in the Luchina meadow in Southern Bukovina (1877), in the Galician Hutsul region two stables of  Hutsul cucumbers: in Kosovo (1891) and in the village of Zhabye (1895). State Herd of Cucumbers in Sudova Vyshna (1907) in Lviv Region. Of the 6 genealogical lines of prominent Hutsul stallions, 3 ogres were born in the Ukrainian lands – Goral, Gurul and Polyan. Measures for the conservation and development of Hutsul horses are held in the Hutsul and Verkhovyna National Nature Parks in international cooperation within the framework of the Poland-Belarus-Ukraine cross-border cooperation program. Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park in 2015 took part in the project “Creation of the Polish-Ukrainian Center for Breeding and Promotion of Hutsul Breed Horses”, and Verkhovynsky National Nature Park in 2020 takes part in the international Ukrainian-Polish project “Knowledge of  Nature and Wealth Carpathians with a Hutsul horse”. According to the State Breeding Register 2011–2017, in Ukraine there is an annual reduction in the number of breeding farms, the total and breeding stock of Hutsul horses. Today, only 2 farms (NGO “Plemkonecentr” and FG “Polonynske farm”) for breeding Hutsul horses have the status of breeders. According to calculations, in accordance with the FAO recommendations, these animals are at critical risk status, and according to the assessment system of the European Livestock Association, Hutsul horse breed is at high risk of losing the gene pool of the breed. To preserve the Hutsul horse breed, the joint cooperation of owners (breeding and private farms) of purebred and the most typical herd of  Hutsul horses, scientists and specialists is necessary.
The work of Boris Martos “Theory of Cooperation” and the modern coopera-tive movement
Authors: Shulskyi M.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the main components of the work of Boris Martos “Theory of Cooperation” and compares the results of research with the current state of development of the cooperative movement. The main attention was focused on the main material of the study on: the general foundations of the formation of cooperatives, the need, purpose and role of capital in their activities; basic features and principles of functioning of cooperatives; mechanism for meeting the needs of members of the cooperative; some secondary or derivative features of the cooperative. According to B. Martos, “Cooperation is one of the ways to improve the welfare of the lower strata of society by freeing them from exploitation by the capitalists. Almost every theorist of cooperation gives his more or less accurate definition of this concept. However, in order to give an accurate scientific definition of this phenomenon in society, we must first establish the basic features that characterize the cooperative, distinguishing it from other social phenomena. This spatial quote from the work of B. Martos permeates all components of his economic work, the essence and content of which was at the center of our research. Each statement and statement of B. Martos was compared with the current realities of the cooperative movement and on the basis of which it was proposed to use the work of a scientist to improve the efficiency of cooperative relations in modern economic conditions.
On Loanwords of Latin Origin in Contemporary Icelandic
Authors: Tarsi Matteo
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the Icelandic lexis’ history by analysing the loanwords of Latin origin in it. The examined corpus examined traverses the history of Icelandic in its entirety. The borrowings are divided into four main waves, excluding the pre-literary period. Each wave is dominated by one or two borrowing languages. The semantic fields Icelandic selects loanwords from are various and no field is strictly bound to any of the above-mentioned waves. Finally some words of particular interest are presented and discussed, because of the importance they acquire in the light of the Icelandic lexis’ history.
Learning Danish(ness): Constructing Cultural Difference in Danish Language Classes in Denmark
Authors: Casey Sarah
Published: June 2020

The “problem of immigrant integration” is a recurrent topic in public discourse in Denmark. One attempt to manage this has been the establishment of mandatory Danish language classes, a sizeable component of a comparably extensive integration program. While language instruction is ostensibly aimed at equipping immigrants with language skills, culture, in an essentialized form, is foregrounded during instruction, where differences between Danes and foreigners are highlighted. With culture mapping neatly onto place, diversity within “a culture” is downplayed, creating homogenizing discourses regarding both Danes and immigrants, with immigrants portrayed as ill-suited for life in Denmark. This focus on culture is a prominent component of state-wide efforts to manage a group of individuals conceptualized as problematic- non-EU immigrants. Interventions aimed at altering the conduct of immigrants serve to alleviate the threat originating in what is imagined to be a risky group of individuals, thereby securing the well-being of the greater population.
De l’idéal démocratique. Les Anciens et les Modernes
Authors: Tzitzis Stamatios
Published: June 2020

The current post-historical era that we live in has transformed the transmission of national heritage into a pejorative term, due to humanity‘s commitment to a vague conception of democracy without any specific content and a vast number of subjective rights of uncertain efficacy. Nowadays, people replace the contextually bound notion of polités (Greek citizen), which has a very important historical background, with that of a person who tries to be liberated from the contingencies of history in order to acquire a new universality in abstracto. As a result, the universality of human rights has been regularly opposed to cultural specificities. Post-historical democracy aims at substituting culture with a prefabricated civilization, namely an artificial one, according to the political expediencies of world’s powerful strategists, thus pushing democracy far away from natural procedures.
The Relationship of Professional Competence of Physical Education Sport and Health Teachers to the Implementation of the 2013 Curriculum of Physical Education, Sport and Health in Elementary Schools in Tambaksari District
Authors: Muji Tri Handoyo  , Anung Priambodo  , Noortje Anita Kumaat
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine the relationship of PJOK teachers professional competence to the implementation of the 2013 PJOK curriculum in elementary schools in Tambaksari sub-district. This research is a descriptive correlation study, which is the subject of research is all PJOK teachers in Tambaksari sub-district, amounting to 42 teachers. In collecting data using two questionnaires, namely (1) questionnaire to find out the professional competence of PJOK teachers and (2) questionnaire to find out the implementation of the 2013 PJOK curriculum, which was made through Google and distributed through the PJOK teachers working grup (KKG) Tambaksari sub-district. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis to determine the percentage of respondents anwers, norm reference assessment (PAN) to determine score criteria, product moment correlation analysis and coefficient of determination. Based on data analysis, obtained the professional competency value of PJOK teachers in Tambaksari district with an average of 40.21 in the classification is quite good, the value of the implementation of the 2013 PJOK curriculum in Tambaksari district with an average of 44.38 in the category is quite good, and correlation coefficient of 0.358 with a significance of 0.020, when compared with r table then r_(count) > r_tabel (0.358 > 0.304) so that it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the professional competence of PJOK teachers and implementation of the 2013 PJOK curriculum in elementary schools in Tambaksari sub-disrict. Calculation of the coefficient of determination of 12.82% which means professional competence can affect the implementation of 12.82% and 87.18% influenced by other factors.
OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y MODERNIDAD EN QUITO
Authors: DelPino-Martínez Inés
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo expone el proceso de modernización de Quito y la transformación de la ciudad, mediante iniciativas del Estado y la empresa privada, entre 1906 y 1960. Una de las acciones fue la ejecución de obras públicas que dan cuenta del interés de los gobiernos por implantar infraestructuras urbanas que preparan a la ciudad al cambio de época. Este proceso fue posible por la aplicación de políticas públicas de salubridad y la provisión de equipamiento urbano como electricidad, agua potable y alcantarillado, además de telecomunicaciones y arquitectura pública moderna, en altura y construida en hormigón armado. Estos fueron algunos recursos que viabilizaron el discurso de la modernidad y el de la arquitectura moderna. En la práctica, representan otra manera de entender la salud, la higiene personal, el confort, la movilidad; es decir, ser moderno. El artículo fue elaborado, sobre todo, a partir de notas de prensa del periódico El Comercio, medio de comunicación que fue un gran aliado del cambio hacia la modernidad.Palabras clave: Periódico El Comercio, obras públicas, Quito, ciudad moderna, modernidad, siglo XX.

AbstractThis article presents the modernization process of Quito and the transformation of the city through initiatives of the State and private companies, between 1906 and 1965. One of the activities was the execution of public works that show the interest of governments to implement urban infrastructures that prepare the city the conditions to stablish modern architecture. This process was possible due to the submission of public health policies and the provision of urban equipment: electricity, drinking water, sewerage, followed by telecommunications and modern public architecture built in reinforced concrete. These were some resources that made the discourse of modernity and that of modern architecture viable. In practice, they represent another way of understanding health, personal hygiene, comfort, mobility, that is, being modern. The article was elaborated mainly from press releases by "El Comercio" newspaper, a means of communication that was the great ally of the change towards modernity.Keywords: “El Comercio” newspaper, public works, Quito, modern city, modernity, Twentieth century.
TÜRK HAZIR GİYİM İŞLETMELERİ VE TÜRK MODA TASARIMCILARINA YÖNELİK BİR E-GİRİŞİMCİLİK MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: ÖZBEK Ahmet , ESMER Yusuf , ŞAYLAN Onur
Published: June 2020

Türk hazır giyim işletmelerinin, yüksek üretim maliyetleri nedeniyle düşük maliyetle üretim yapabilen Asya işletmeleriyle rekabet etmekte zorlandıkları görülmektedir. Ancak Türk hazır giyim işletmelerinin, moda ve marka üreten ve/veya pazarlayan ABD ve Avrupa işletmeleriyle rekabet edebilecek alt yapıya sahip oldukları söylenebilir. Bu nedenle Türk hazır giyim işletmelerinin moda ve marka üretebilecek bir konuma dönüşmeleri sektörün geleceği açısından önemlidir. Diğer yandan moda ve marka üretebilmenin ise yeterli sayıda ve nitelikli tasarımcılarla mümkün olabileceği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk hazır giyim işletmeleri ve Türk moda tasarımcılarına yönelik bir e-girişimcilik modeli sunmaktır. Bu modelde Türk moda tasarımcılarının ve hazır giyim işletmelerinin e-pazar üzerinde bir araya getirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece bir yandan işletmelerin tasarım ihtiyacı karşılanırken, diğer yandan Türk moda tasarımcılarına tasarımlarını en iyi şekilde değerlendirme olanağı tanınmaktadır.
Katılım Bankasında Hesapları Bulunan Bireylerin Finansal Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi: Erzincan İli Örneği
Authors: ESER Ayşe , YİĞİTER Şule Yüksel
Published: June 2020

Küreselleşme ve teknoloji de yaşanan gelişmeler bir taraftan insanların yaşamlarını kolaylaştırırken, diğer taraftan da finansal açıdan ciddi tehlikeler ile karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Finansal riskin derecesi teknolojik gelişmelere ve ülkelerin sosyo ekonomik durumuna bağlı olarak her geçen gün artmaktadır. Fakat bireylerin finansal bilgi düzeyi aynı hızla artmamaktadır. Bu ters orantı, finansal enstrümanların kullanılmamasına neden olurken, tasarruf sahipleri için de tehlike yaratmaktadır. Finansal okuryazarlık, bir bireyin temel finans bilgilerine sahip olması, bu bilgiyi günlük hayatında uygulayabilmesini ve doğru kararlar verebilmesini sağlar. Bu kavram son dönemlerde ilgi görmüş ve üzerine yapılan araştırmalar sıklık kazanmıştır. 21.yy da hızla gelişen ekonomi, bireylerin değişen ihtiyaçları ve toplumun demografik yapısının değişmesi gibi birçok neden finansal okuryazarlık kavramının önemini gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Finansal okuryazarlık kavramı bireylerin finansal konularda bilgi sahibi olmasında, finansal ürün ve hizmetlere ulaşabilmelerinde ve finansal kararlar almalarında önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Finansal okuryazarlık kavramının öneminin anlaşılması ile birlikte bazı uluslararası kurumlar gerekli çalışmaları yürütmeye başlamışlardır. Çalışmada katılım bankasında hesabı olan bireylerin finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle Erzincan ili sınırlarında faaliyet gösteren katılım bankalarının müşterilerine anket uygulanmıştır.
XX. YÜZYIL BAŞLARINDA GEREDE HAPİSHANESİ
Authors: TÜRKKAN Hakan
Published: June 2020

Bilinen en eski dönemlerden beri hapishaneler mevcut olmuştur. Ancak XVI. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar hapishaneler asıl cezanın uygulandığı yerler olmamıştır. Bu tarihten sonra başta Avrupa olmak üzere hapishaneler bedene yönelik cezaların yerini almıştır. Avrupa’da hapishane anlayışında yaşanan dönüşüm Osmanlı Devleti’ni de etkilemiştir. Gelişmeye ve yaygınlaşmaya başlayan insan hakları ve hürriyetlerine yönelik algıların yanı sıra Avrupa devletlerinin diplomatik baskıları Osmanlı Devleti’nde hapishane anlayışını etkilemiştir. XIX. Yüzyılın sonlarına gelindiğinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin vilayet, sancak ve kazalarında hapishaneler açılmasına çalışılmıştır. XX. yüzyıl başlarına gelindiğinde ise Osmanlı Devleti’nin pek çok vilayet, sancak ve kazasında hapishaneler açılmıştır. Bu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti’nde hapishane anlayışında erkek ve kadın hapishanesi ayırımı yapılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra tutukevi ve hapishane ayırımının yapılmış olması da modern hapishane anlayışının geliştiğine işaret etmektedir. Bununla birlikte XX. yüzyıl başlarında devletin içinde bulunduğu mali sıkıntılar hapishanelerin ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasını zorlaştırmıştır. Çalışmada bir Osmanlı kazası olan Bolu Sancağına bağlı Gerede Kazası hapishanesi örneği değerlendirilmiştir. Doküman inceleme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın temel kaynağı Gerede hapishanesi ile ilgili Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi kayıtlarıdır. Bunun yanı sıra hapishane kavramı ve Osmanlı hapishaneleri konusunda mevcut literatürden de çalışmada yararlanılmıştır.