bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of piglets
Authors: Xiao Ruiming , Wang Lingling , Tang Zhiqiang , Qian Xueqiao , Wang Jian , Lian Yingli , Tang Jiayi , Xu Jiarou , Lin Ying , Shi Baojun , Xu Pan , Xiong Qiongsi
Published: October 2024

Fermented Chinese medicine (FCM), as a functional feed additive, has been widely recognized to play a significant role in protecting the intestinal health of piglets and enhancing productive performance. However, the relationship between the active components of FCM, gut microbiota, and their beneficial effects on animal performance remains unclear. In this study, metabolomics analysis revealed a significant increase in the main contents of lactic acid and propionic acid in FCM, while most glycosides and their derivatives decreased after three days of microbial fermentation. Subsequently, piglets were fed a basic diet supplemented with 1% FCM, while the control group received only the basic diet. The results indicated a significant increase in feed intake and average daily gain within 14 days (P<0.05) due to FCM supplementation. Additionally, FCM significantly improved feed efficiency from 1.76 to 1.50 (P<0.05), and piglets in the FCM group exhibited significantly lower frequencies of diarrhea and coughing, which indicated improved health condition by FCM. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed higher abundances of Lactobacillus agilis, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ligilactobacillus, and Veillonellaceae in FCM group. In summary, FCM increased the content of active metabolites through microbial fermentation and regulated the intestinal microbiota to improve the health of piglets. FCM offers a promising potential for enhancing production performance and economic efficiency in the livestock industry.
Trend and predictive psychosocial factors of persistent depression/non-depression in Chinese adolescents: A three-year longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Ming , Xie Fei , Dai Zongpei , Dai Qin , Chi Xin-li
Published: October 2024

Background

Depressive symptoms are common in adolescents, while its prevalence trend in adolescents is seldom reported. In addition, few studies focus on adolescents without depressive symptoms. This study aimed to reveal the trend and predictors of persistent depression/non-depression among Chinese adolescents over three-year period.

Methods

Three-wave data were collected from T1 to T3 in a sample from six junior high schools in Shenzhen, China. The 20-item of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used, with scoring ≥16 as depression.

Results

Of all 1301 adolescents, 33.4%, 15.5% and 9.0% reported depressive symptoms at baseline, T2 and T3 respectively, while 66.6%, 47.7% and 39.6% reported non-depressive symptoms at three time-points. At the individual level, baseline positive identity and general positive youth development significantly increased persistent non-depression at T2 and T3. At the family level, baseline family harmony and communication consistently prevented persistent depression at T2 and T3, while family communication consistently promoted non-depression. At the school level, baseline awareness of no expectation from teacher and poor interpersonal relationship consistently increased persistent depression and prevented non-depression.

Conclusions

The incidence of depression in adolescents aged 11–15 is not high. The rate of persistent non-depression is approximately 30% higher than that of persistent depression, and both have a downward trend over years. Positive youth development and healthy family function are protective factors of depression, while school maladjustment decreases persistent non-depression. During early adolescence, more attention should be paid to family function and school maladjustment to promote non-depression in adolescents from a new broader view.
DPNet: Scene text detection based on dual perspective CNN-transformer
Authors: Li Yuan
Published: October 2024

With the continuous advancement of deep learning, research in scene text detection has evolved significantly. However, complex backgrounds and various text forms complicate the task of detecting text from images. CNN is a deep learning algorithm that automatically extracts features through convolution operation. In the task of scene text detection, it can capture local text features in images, but it lacks global attributes. In recent years, inspired by the application of transformers in the field of computer vision, it can capture the global information of images and describe them intuitively. Therefore, this paper proposes scene text detection based on dual perspective CNN-transformer. The channel enhanced self-attention module (CESAM) and spatial enhanced self-attention module (SESAM) proposed in this paper are integrated into the traditional ResNet backbone network. This integration effectively facilitates the learning of global contextual information and positional relationships of text, thereby alleviating the challenge of detecting small target text. Furthermore, this paper introduces a feature decoder designed to refine the effective text information within the feature map and enhance the perception of detailed information. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper significantly improves the robustness of the model for different types of text detection. Compared to the baseline, it achieves performance improvements of 2.51% (83.81 vs. 81.3) on the Total-Text dataset, 1.87% (86.07 vs. 84.2) on the ICDAR 2015 dataset, and 3.63% (86.72 vs. 83.09) on the MSRA-TD500 dataset, while also demonstrating better visual effects.
Economic policy uncertainty and common prosperity within the enterprise: Evidence from the Chinese market
Authors: Yang Linjing , Tan Xiaoke , Tan Guifang
Published: October 2024

In the continuous development of the Chinese economy, the desire for common prosperity among the people has become increasingly strong. However, the complex domestic and international situations, along with the economic uncertainties post-pandemic, have introduced significant uncertainties into government economic policies. In the long term, this uncertainty has a profound impact on intra-enterprise common prosperity, affecting society at large. This paper focuses on non-financial listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2020, examining the negative effects of economic policy uncertainty on intra-enterprise common prosperity. The results indicate that economic policy uncertainty has a significant adverse impact on intra-enterprise common prosperity, and this impact is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, those in the growth life cycle, and companies with poor innovation capabilities and limited external support. Companies enhancing social responsibility and overall factor productivity can help mitigate these negative effects. Furthermore, in dynamic features, as the level of intra-enterprise common prosperity increases, the negative impact of economic policy uncertainty gradually diminishes, while the positive effects of overall factor productivity and corporate social responsibility on enterprises become more evident.
Neurocognitive dynamics of preparatory and adaptive cognitive control: Insights from mass-univariate and multivariate pattern analysis of EEG data
Authors: García Alanis José C. , Güth Malte R. , Chavanon Mira-Lynn , Peper Martin
Published: October 2024

Cognitive control refers to humans’ ability to willingly align thoughts and actions with internally represented goals. Research indicates that cognitive control is not one-dimensional but rather integrates multiple sub-processes to cope with task demands successfully. In particular, the dynamic interplay between preparatory (i.e., prior to goal-relevant events) and adaptive (i.e., in response to unexpected demands) recruitment of neural resources is believed to facilitate successful behavioural performance. However, whether preparatory and adaptive processes draw from independent or shared neural resources, and how these align in the information processing stream, remains unclear. To address these issues, we recorded electroencephalographic data from 52 subjects while they performed a computerised task. Using a combination of mass-univariate and multivariate pattern analysis procedures, we found that different types of control triggered distinct sequences of brain activation patterns, and that the order and temporal extent of these patterns were dictated by the type of control used by the participants. Stimuli that fostered preparatory recruitment of control evoked a sequence of transient occipital-parietal, sustained central-parietal, and sustained fronto-central responses. In contrast, stimuli that indicated the need for quick behavioural adjustments triggered a sequence of transient occipital-parietal, fronto-central, and central parietal responses. There was also a considerable degree of overlap in the temporal evolution of these brain activation patterns, with behavioural performance being mainly related to the magnitude of the central-parietal and fronto-central responses. Our results demonstrate how different neurocognitive mechanisms, such as early attentional allocation and subsequent behavioural selection processes, are likely to contribute to cognitive control. Moreover, our findings extend prior work by showing that these mechanisms are engaged (at least partly) in parallel, rather than independently of each other.
Improving AGB estimations by integrating tree height and crown radius from multisource remote sensing
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Dong Lili , Li Shitong , Li Zhangmai , Wang Yueyang , Mao Zhihui , Deng Lei
Published: October 2024

Precise estimation of forest above ground biomass (AGB) is essential for assessing its ecological functions and determining forest carbon stocks. It is difficult to directly obtain diameter at breast height (DBH) based on remote sensing imagery. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately estimate the AGB with features extracted directly from RS. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of estimating AGB from crown radius (R) and tree height (H) features extracted from multi-source RS data. Accurate information on tree height (H), crown radius (R), and diameter at breast height (DBH) can be obtained through point clouds generated by airborne laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), respectively. Nine allometric growth equations were used to fit coniferous forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii) and broadleaf forests (Fraxinus chinensis and Sophora japonica). The fitting performance of models constructed using only "H" or "R" was compared with that of models constructed using both combined. The results showed that the quadratic polynomial model constructed with "H+R" fitted the AGB estimation better in each vegetation type, especially in the scenario of mixed tall and short coniferous forests, in which the R2 and RMSE were 0.9282 and 25.30 kg (rRMSE 17.31%), respectively. Therefore, using high-resolution data to extract crown radius and tree height can achieve high-precision, global-scale estimation of forest above ground biomass.
A larger augmented-reality field of view improves interaction with nearby holographic objects
Authors: Hoogendoorn Eva M. , Geerse Daphne J. , Helsloot Jip , Coolen Bert , Stins John F. , Roerdink Melvyn
Published: October 2024

Augmented-reality (AR) applications have shown potential for assisting and modulating gait in health-related fields, like AR cueing of foot-placement locations in people with Parkinson’s disease. However, the size of the AR field of view (AR-FOV), which is smaller than one’s own FOV, might affect interaction with nearby floor-based holographic objects. The study’s primary objective was to evaluate the effect of AR-FOV size on the required head orientations for viewing and interacting with real-world and holographic floor-based objects during standstill and walking conditions. Secondary, we evaluated the effect of AR-FOV size on gait speed when interacting with real-world and holographic objects. Sixteen healthy middle-aged adults participated in two experiments wearing HoloLens 1 and 2 AR headsets that differ in AR-FOV size. To confirm participants’ perceived differences in AR-FOV size, we examined the head orientations required for viewing nearby and far objects from a standstill position (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, we examined the effect of AR-FOV size on head orientations and gait speeds for negotiating 2D and 3D objects during walking. Less downward head orientation was required for looking at nearby holographic objects with HoloLens 2 than with HoloLens 1, as expected given differences in perceived AR-FOV size (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, a greater downward head orientation was observed for interacting with holographic objects compared to real-world objects, but again less so for HoloLens 2 than HoloLens 1 along the line of progression. Participants walked slightly but significantly slower when interacting with holographic objects compared to real-world objects, without any differences between the HoloLenses. To conclude, the increased size of the AR-FOV did not affect gait speed, but resulted in more real-world-like head orientations for seeing and picking up task-relevant information when interacting with floor-based holographic objects, improving the potential efficacy of AR cueing applications.
Genetic insights into the connection between pulmonary TB and non-communicable diseases: An integrated analysis of shared genes and potential treatment targets
Authors: Mahjabeen Amira , Hasan Md. Zahid , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Islam Md. Aminul , Khan Risala Tasin , Kaiser M. Shamim
Published: October 2024

Background

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a significant global health issue due to its high incidence, drug resistance, contagious nature, and impact on people with compromised immune systems. As mentioned by the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is responsible for more global fatalities than any other infectious illness. On the other side, WHO also claims that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people yearly worldwide. In this regard, several studies suggest that PTB and NCDs are linked in various ways and that people with PTB are more likely to acquire NCDs. At the same time, NCDs can increase susceptibility to active TB infection. Furthermore, because of potential drug interactions and therapeutic challenges, treating individuals with both PTB and NCDs can be difficult. This study focuses on seven NCDs (lung cancer (LC), diabetes mellitus (DM), Parkinson’s disease (PD), silicosis (SI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) and rigorously presents the genetic relationship with PTB regarding shared genes and outlines possible treatment plans.

Objectives

BlueThis study aims to identify the drug components that can regulate abnormal gene expression in NCDs. The study will reveal hub genes, potential biomarkers, and drug components associated with hub genes through statistical measures. This will contribute to targeted therapeutic interventions.

Methods

Numerous investigations, including protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene regulatory network (GRN), enrichment analysis, physical interaction, and protein-chemical interaction, have been carried out to demonstrate the genetic correlation between PTB and NCDs. During the study, nine shared genes such as TNF, IL10, NLRP3, IL18, IFNG, HMGB1, CXCL8, IL17A, and NFKB1 were discovered between TB and the above-mentioned NCDs, and five hub genes (NFKB1, TNF, CXCL8, NLRP3, and IL10) were selected based on degree values.

Results and conclusion

In this study, we found that all of the hub genes are linked with the 10 drug components, and it was observed that aspirin CTD 00005447 was mostly associated with all the other hub genes. This bio-informatics study may help researchers better understand the cause of PTB and its relationship with NCDs, and eventually, this can lead to exploring effective treatment plans.
Racial disparities in maternal blood transfusion in the United States by mode of delivery
Authors: Hossein-Pour Parnian , Rajasingham Maya , Zeller Michelle P. , Muraca Giulia M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite well-documented racial disparities in maternal health in the United States, gaps remain in characterizing the distribution of these disparities in maternal blood transfusion.

Objective

To assess racial disparities in maternal blood transfusion using detailed, self-identified racial groupings in the United States overall and stratified by mode of delivery.

Study design

We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of full term, live births (2016–2021) using the National Vital Statistics System’s Natality Files. Regression models were constructed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of maternal blood transfusion by self-identified maternal race in the total population, and among subgroups stratified by mode of delivery. Models were adjusted for maternal and obstetric practice factors.

Results

The study included 17,905,699 deliveries; maternal blood transfusion occurred in 3.4 per 1,000 deliveries. Compared with individuals who identified as White (3.3 per 1,000 transfusion rate), higher odds of transfusion were found among those who identified as American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN; aOR 2.36, 95% CI 2.23–2.49), Black (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12–1.17), Filipino (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.44), Korean (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42), and Pacific Islander (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45–1.83). The frequency of transfusion and racial disparities in transfusion varied substantially by mode of delivery. Lower rates of transfusion in Black vs White patients were observed in the spontaneous vaginal delivery (2.2 vs 2.3 per 1000; aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99), forceps (6.8 vs 8.9 per 1000; aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60–0.99), vacuum (4.2 vs 5.0 per 1000; aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.97, and cesarean delivery with trial of labour (8.8 vs 8.9 per 1000; aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–1.00) groups, while a higher rate was shown among cesarean deliveries without trial of labour (6.8 vs 4.3 per 1000; aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.40–1.51).

Conclusion

Racial disparities in maternal blood transfusion persist after adjustment for several confounders, particularly for AIAN and Pacific Islander individuals, and vary by mode of delivery.
Landscape and meteorological determinants of malaria vectors’ presence and abundance in the rural health district of Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire, 2016–2018, and comparison with the less anthropized area of Diébougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Taconet Paul , Zogo Barnabas , Ahoua Alou Ludovic P. , Amanan Koffi Alphonsine , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Pennetier Cedric , Moiroux Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding how weather and landscape shape the fine-scale distribution and diversity of malaria vectors is crucial for efficient and locally tailored vector control. This study examines the meteorological and landscape determinants of (i) the spatiotemporal distribution (presence and abundance) of the major malaria vectors in the rural region of Korhogo (northern Côte d’Ivoire) and (ii) the differences in vector probability of presence, abundance, and diversity observed between that area and another rural West African region located 300 km away in Diébougou, Burkina Faso.

Methods

We monitored Anopheles human-biting activity in 28 villages of the Korhogo health district for 18 months (2016 to 2018), and extracted fine-scale environmental variables (meteorological and landscape) from high-resolution satellite imagery. We used a state-of-the-art statistical modeling framework to associate these data and identify environmental determinants of the presence and abundance of malaria vectors in the area. We then compared the results of this analysis with those of a similar, previously published study conducted in the Diébougou area.

Results

The spatiotemporal distribution of malaria vectors in the Korhogo area was highly heterogeneous and appeared to be strongly determined and constrained by meteorological conditions. Rice paddies, temporary sites filled by rainfall, rivers and riparian forests appeared to be the larval habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes. As in Diébougou, meteorological conditions (temperatures, rainfall) appeared to significantly affect all developmental stages of the mosquitoes. Additionally, ligneous savannas were associated with lower abundance of malaria vectors. Anopheles species diversity was lower in Korhogo compared to Diébougou, while biting rates were much higher. Our results suggest that these differences may be due to the more anthropized nature of the Korhogo region in comparison to Diébougou (less forested areas, more agricultural land), supporting the hypothesis of higher malaria vector densities and lower mosquito diversity in more anthropized landscapes in rural West Africa.

Conclusion

This study offers valuable insights into the landscape and meteorological determinants of the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria vectors in the Korhogo region and, more broadly, in rural west-Africa. The results emphasize the adverse effects of the ongoing landscape anthropization process in the sub-region, including deforestation and agricultural development, on malaria vector control.
Resonance and beat perception of ballroom dancers: An EEG study
Authors: Wang Xuru , Zhou Chenglin , Jin Xinhong
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The ability to synchronize the perceptual and motor systems is important for full motor coordination and the core determinant of motor skill performance. Dance-related training has been found to effectively improve sensorimotor synchronization, however, the underlying characteristics behind these improvements still warrant further exploration. This study was conducted to investigate the behavioral and neuroactivity characteristics of ballroom dancers relative to those of non-dancers.

Participants and methods

Thirty-two dancers (19.8 ± 1.8 years old) and 31 non-dancers (22.6 ± 3.1 years old) were recruited to perform a finger-tapping task in synchrony with audiovisual beat stimuli at two intervals: 400 and 800 ms, while simultaneously recording EEG data. Behavioral and neural activity data were recorded during the task.

Results

The dancers employed a predictive strategy when synchronizing with the beat. EEG recordings revealed stronger brain resonance with external rhythmic stimuli, indicating heightened neural resonance compared to non-dancers (p < 0.05). The task was more challenging with an 800-ms beat interval, as observed through both behavioral metrics and corresponding neural signatures in the EEG data, leading to poorer synchronization performance and necessitating a greater allocation of attentional resources (ps < 0.05).

Conclusion

When performing the finger-tapping task involving audiovisual beats, the beat interval was the primary factor influencing movement synchronization, neural activity and attentional resource allocation. Although no significant behavioral differences were observed between dancers and non-dancers, dancers have enhanced neural resonance in response to rhythmic stimuli. Further research using more ecologically valid tasks and stimuli may better capture the full extent of dancers’ synchronization abilities.
A refinement to eRNA and eDNA-based detection methods for reliable and cost-efficient screening of pathogens in Atlantic salmon aquaculture
Authors: Benedicenti Ottavia , Måsøy Amundsen Marit , Mohammad Saima Nasrin , Vrålstad Trude , Strand David A. , Weli Simon Chioma , Patel Sonal , Sindre Hilde
Published: October 2024

Finfish aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors in the world, and numerous infectious diseases are a constant challenge to the fish farming industry, causing decreased fish health and, consequently, economic losses. Specific and sensitive tools for pathogen detection are crucial for the surveillance of environmental samples to prevent the spread of fish pathogens in farms. Monitoring of waterborne pathogens through filtration of water and subsequent molecular detection of target-specific DNA or RNA sequence motifs is an animal-friendly method. This approach could reduce or even replace the sacrifice of fish for monitoring purposes in aquaculture and allow earlier implementation of disease control measures. Sampling methods might be a bottleneck, and there is a need for simple sampling methods that still ensure the best detection probability. In this study, we tested different filtration methods with spiked freshwater and seawater for a panel of fish pathogens to discern a suitable procedure that can be easily applied on-site by farm personnel without compromising detection probability. Specifically, we tested combinations of different filtration flow rates, lysis buffers, and filters for the detection of some of the pathogens relevant to the aquaculture industry. The results showed that a “sandwich” filtration method using two different filters and a flow rate of up to 4.0 L/min ensured good pathogen detection. The filters, consisting of a hydrophilic glass fibre filter with binder resin on the top and a hydrophilic mixed cellulose esters membrane at the bottom, achieved the best concentration and qPCR detection of both viral and bacterial fish pathogens. This up-and-coming tool allows the detection of very different fish pathogens during a single filtration step, and it can be combined with one single automated total nucleic acid extraction step for all the investigated pathogens, reducing both analysis costs and time.
N0$otя@s
Authors: Del Olmo Alonso Saioa
Published: October 2024

Exploración artística con objetos, conceptos, ficciones, acciones y sonidos, para provocar que afloren formas alternativas de enredarnos, de comprendernos y de ser con otros modos de existencia. Experimentación sobre cómo esto puede repercutir en la manera de nombrarnos con otres y cómo esos nombres nos piensan. Este proceso surge de una manipulación previa de cosas acumuladas en el espacio doméstico, reconfiguradas en un intento de activar con ellas una escucha y un diálogo, mediante el juego sonoro ruidista y literario. Posteriormente, con los materiales generados, se construyó una ficción social a modo de lectura alternativa de la realidad, en torno al concepto de agencia. Dicha ficción se presentó como acción performativa en las Puertas Abiertas de la Fundación Bilbaoarte en diciembre de 2019. Finalmente, y entroncando con la particularidad de los nombres híbridos inventados para tal ficción, se presenta un trabajo visual y sonoro que: por un lado juega a rarificar las representaciones visuales de la realidad de la que formamos parte, mediante efectos de glitch que emborronan, traban, hackean y revelan la visión cónica humana reproducida una y otra vez a través de nuestros dispositivos fotográficos; y, por otro lado, intenta elaborar nuevos nombres junto a les protagonistas de esta ficción, a partir de las sonoridades creadas en interacción con elles y las composiciones vocales afectadas por dichas interacciones. Afectar y dejarse afectar para generar representaciones que nos permitan pensarnos de manera diferente, como un n0$otя@s.
¿Cómo te llamas? ¿Cómo te han llamado? Cavilaciones dispersas sobre algunas prácticas nominadoras y re-nominadoras
Authors: De Marinis Pablo
Published: October 2024

El artículo toma como punto de partida una constatación bastante elemental: la mayor parte de las “cosas” que existen tienen un nombre, que a menudo es cambiado una o más veces, a través del tiempo, por las mismas “cosas” o por quienes toman a su cargo (o están en condiciones de asumir) esas tareas de nominación y re-nominación. Precisamente esto le ha sucedido a la revista que ahora ha asumido el nombre Papeles de Identidad. El artículo toma este acontecimiento como pretexto para, a través de la presentación de variados ejemplos, reflexionar acerca de los procesos implicados en las operaciones de poner y cambiar nombres, claves para la constitución de la identidad de personas, grupos, instituciones y cualquier otra entidad que se quiera tomar en consideración.
Los papeles del fermento o sobre identidades descompuestas
Authors: Gómez Seguel Andrés
Published: October 2024

El artículo se enmarca en el contexto del cambio de nombre de la revista que durante muchos años fue referencia del Centro de Estudios sobre la Identidad Colectiva (CEIC) de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). De la tradicional cuestión del cambio social y la identidad, se pasa a las nuevas epistemologías. Señalando la fermentación como proceso teórico transversal a esta nueva epistemología, tomamos como ejemplo la fermentación alcohólica producida en la «chicha» y el vino en Chile. Poniendo atención a los momentos históricos en los cuales diferentes agentes sociales se van conectando y produciendo unas condiciones de posibilidad para los procesos fermentativos, es que podemos acercarnos a su fisonomía social. Se señalan las nuevas escalas involucradas en el análisis y las consecuencias en las formas de entender el cambio social y la identidad contemporánea.
Introducción
Authors: González Nieto Diego , Prieto Sayagués Juan A.
Published: October 2024

Introducción
Retornados diaspóricos y estudiantes de movilidad en las universidades de Galicia. Un análisis comparado desde la perspectiva de la lengua gallega
Authors: Silva Domínguez Carme
Published: October 2024

En el presente trabajo se estudia la relación que establecen con la lengua gallega, en procesos de instalación en Galicia, dos colectivos de personas adultas: por un lado, los retornados diaspóricos, personas nacidas en diversos países hispanoamericanos y que activan su conexión con Galicia mediante un programa de becas para universitarios descendientes de emigrantes; por otro, el alumnado internacional de máster de las universidades gallegas. Se ha utilizado como metodología la entrevista en profundidad a personas de ambos colectivos que se hayan formado en lengua gallega durante el periodo de máster; en ella se desgrana el vínculo con el idioma en las tres fases de la experiencia (antes, durante y después de esta). Inesperadamente, es el estudiantado internacional formado en gallego el que más se interesa tanto por este idioma como por mantener su residencia en Galicia.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM PARIS AGREEMENT PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN JOE BIDEN
Authors: Satriyo Fuad Rizki , Putranti Ika Riswanti , Alfian Muhammad Faizal
Published: October 2024

The change in leadership from Donald Trump to Joe Biden brought a new policy direction for the United States. One of them is the Paris Agreement. Biden's concern for the issue of climate change led the United States to change its foreign policy in the Paris Agreement, namely ratification after it was previously issued during the Trump administration. This study presents the formulation of the problem "How can changes in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement in the era of Joe Biden be seen through green theory?". Through the formulation of the problem, this study explains how green theory sees changes in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement during the reign of Joe Biden. This research is a qualitative type with explanatory data analysis techniques. In conducting research, green theory and the Holsti foreign policy analysis model are used to explain how the role of the leader as the main actor influences the making of a country's foreign policy. This research found that the difference in policy focus between Trump and Biden was a factor in the change in US foreign policy in the Paris Agreement during the reign of Joe Biden.
Peran International Criminal Police Organization/ICPO Dalam Kasus Hukum Igor Borbot Tahun 2016
Authors: Kala Benedictus Nugrahanto
Published: October 2024

United States of America and Russia are two countries that have dominant role in world politics. Both countries are frequently found themselves in conflicting relations. Conflicts between United States of America and Russia could be traced from post-World War II Era. The conflicts are varied from ideology, economy, military, even in law enforcement. But there is a unique case, in this case United States of America and Russia were able to conduct law enforcement cooperation assisted by Interpol. How ICPO/Interpol assist this cooperation? Aim of this research is to describe how ICPO/Interpol bridging United States of America and Russia which clearly have many differences on law enforcement system, to conduct a cooperation. Meanwhile a lot of cooperation could not conduct before. This research uses international organization function theory complemented by international organization and international cooperation concepts. Results of this research shows that ICPO/Interpol were able to assist law enforcement cooperation between United States is because it fulfills the functions of informative, normative, law-making, monitoring, and operational.
Kepentingan Nasional Tiongkok Bekerjasama dengan Iran di Bawah Kesepakatan Sanksi Kepemilikan Nuklir Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Authors: Iskandar Silviana
Published: October 2024

China still intends to work with Iran despite the restrictions placed on it as a result of the nuclear deal or the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). More than three decades of cooperation between China and Iran have improved the two nations' mutually beneficial relationship. Iran also holds a significant position for China as a supplier of oil and energy. This study employs qualitative research techniques for descriptive analysis and discovers that China's national interests, particularly in the economic and security sectors against Iran stands, are the reason why China continues to cooperate with Iran despite being subject to the JCPOA's sanction provisions. China has a national interest in the Iranian state in this sense, despite the JCPOA's sanctions against Iran. Iran sees China as a partner for long-term economic cooperation in the sector of energy exports since China is a nation that depends on oil exports as a source of revenue. This study examines China's foreign policy toward Iran, which is subject to the JCPOA's nuclear property sanctions, using a national interest framework.
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) sebagai Organisasi Antar-Pemerintah Regional di Kawasan Teluk Persia dalam Menangani Krisis Diplomasi Qatar-Arab Saudi
Authors: Azizah Annisa Noor
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe diplomatic crisis between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2017 had a significant impact on relation and regional stability in the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain severed diplomatic relations with Qatar by withdrawing their ambassadors from Doha, imposing an embargo, and blockading Qatar's territory. This internal dispute was considered to be the worst dispute in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) defence and security history. In the midst of a crisis like this, the GCC, as a regional intergovernmental organization in Persian Gulf, should have a certain role and influence to improve relations and maintain regional stability. The purpose of this research is to analyse GCC’s role and influence in the Qatar-Saudi diplomatic crisis. The author will use Clive Archer's institutional liberalism which defines the roles of international organizations as arena, instrument, or actor. The qualitative data used in this research was obtained from journals, books, websites, and documentations or official statements from the GCC and the parties. The results of this research indicate that GCC’s role was a tool or instrument used by its member countries to carry out foreign policy and achieve their respective national interest. Key words: Diplomatic Crisis, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Institutional Liberalism
Globalisasi: Pernikahan Transnasional di Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Santi Nadasyifa Vraba
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTransnational marriage is a marriage that occurs between Indonesian Citizens and Foreign Citizens, this phenomenon arises because of globalization. Transnational marriages occur in the Riau Archipelago, an island directly adjacent to Malaysia and Singapore. This study aims to explain the process and the impact of globalization in transnational marriage in the Riau Archipelago with the concept of Globalization: Connectivity, Mobility, and Migration. This research uses qualitative methods with data obtained from literature studies from journals, books, newspapers, and related sites; field studies in the Riau Archipelago. The research was conducted from 2015 to 2021. This research shows that Globalization make a development in Transnational Marriage in the Riau Archipelago.Keywords: Transnational Marriage, Riau Archipelago, Globalization
Pelanggaran Privasi dan Ancaman Terhadap Keamanan Manusia dalam Kasus Cambridge Analytica
Authors: Zaelany Faris Azhar , Putranti Ika Riswanti
Published: October 2024

Cambridge Analityca is a data-based political consulting firm that intervened in the US elections (2016) using the OCEAN method to attract voters. The problem here is the data obtained using illegal methods through quizzes and advertisements on Facebook. With the data obtained by Cambridge Analityca, they can use this data for the benefit of their companies and their clients, thereby endangering the targeted citizens. This research wants to explain how the violation cause by Cambridge Analityca become a threat. In answering this question, the concept of Human Security and cybersecurity is used. This study uses an descriptive method in answering the problem. The results of this study found that the threat posed by this case harmed not only citizens but the state and also the violations that occur can cause a collapse in security and social life.
Dampak Sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku antara Jepang - Cina Terhadap Stabilitas Keamanan Jepang
Authors: Pramaiseilla Tjhang Zahra Anisa
Published: October 2024

The Senkaku Islands are rich in oil and gas resources, which has led Japan and Cina to claim each other that the Senkaku Islands belong to them. The impact of the dispute on Japan's security stability makes the senkaku islands and Japanese territories threatened and insecure because Cina conducts military operations by arming fishermen to become "maritime militias" and Cina has also increased their air activities, conducted training for their pilots and even created and enforcing air defense zones so that Japan's security stability becomes insecure and causes the Japanese state to be wary of attacks given by Cina because Cina sends military forces to Japan's territory which makes the Japanese region less secure while it has an impact on the economy and relations between Japan and the United States. Cina is going bad. The Japanese government's passive attitude that has been applied so far has turned into a proactive one by strengthening the military and surveillance system with advanced technology. To improve its national security, Japan increased their military budget and created military bases to deal with possible invasions from Cina in certain places around the Senkaku Islands.This study uses qualitative methods with descriptive explanatory data collection techniques. Techniques for data collection were carried out using literature studies obtained from journals, articles and books. The author will analyze the data with Process Tracing which will track a conflict process that can occur and explain the data according to the framework of each country's thinking because Japan and Cina mutually claim the Senkaku island belongs to each other and are a threat to the security of the Japanese region. The author uses the concept of National Security in analyzing the dispute between the senkaku islands of Japan and Cina as well as threats to the security stability of the Japanese region. Keywords: Dispute, Japan, Cina, Senkaku Island, UNCAFE, National Security.
Analisis Lambannya Adopsi Rencana Aksi Nasional Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1325 sebagai Implementasi Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda di Myanmar
Authors: Asri Putri Rahma
Published: October 2024

Gender in conflict is obscured in the mainstream of conflict analysis to date. The complexity of conflict is simplified by focusing on men as the sole actor and leaves the experiences and perspectives of women behind. This dynamic has been happening in Myanmar during the civil war and under the military regime which causes insecurity among Myanmar women. Unfortunately, Myanmar has not successfully translated UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 into National Action Plan (NAP) as a policy that ensures the safety of women in conflict situations. Their adoption process has been only at the initial stage. Meanwhile, Myanmar still refers to National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women (NSPAW) which is irrelevant to the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda implementation. Therefore, this qualitative-explanatory research aims to understand the reasons for the slow adoption of NAP on UNSCR 1325 in Myanmar using the gender regime concept from Feminist Institutionalism and the positionality concept from Feminist Security Studies. Based on the analysis, there are two factors causing the slow adoption. First, Myanmar institution from 2011 to 2022 is not friendly to gender issues and there is a regression in Myanmar institution from feminist presence and masculinist backlash regime to masculine hegemony regime that produces gender-blind policies. Second, Myanmar government’s positionality on security is contrary to the norms contained in Resolution 1325. They reflect on NSPAW 2013-2022 implementation which encourages them to ensure their compliance with regard to women in conflict situations.
Kampanye #IBELONG UNHCR Dalam Membantu Mengakhiri Isu Statelessness di Kirgizstan
Authors: Azahara Medina
Published: October 2024

One of the fundamental rights that humans have is the right to have nationality. When someone is granted a nationality by a country, he or she has been fully recognized by that country which will automatically protect the other rights that they have. However, there are many people who still do not have a nationality, known as statelessness. In 2019, among developed and developing countries that are still experiencing difficulties to end this issue, Kyrgyzstan became the first country in the world that successfully end statelessness through a campaign issued by UNHCR, #IBELONG, in 2014. The author obtains data  through literature study such as journals, books, reports of international organizations, websites, and international news. This research is a qualitative research using the process-tracing method in conducting data analysis. By using institutionalism theory, this research argues that Kyrgyzstan’s success in ending statelessness is driven by the cooperation between the Kyrgyz government and UNHCR through #IBELONG Campaign and its supporting program where the awareness of civil society increases and then moves together in carrying out legal advocacy to stateless people in various regions of Kyrgyzstan which then had a major influence in ending the issue of statelessness.Key Words: Human Rights, Nationality, Statelessness, UNHCR, Campaign
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Pemberangkatan PMI di Masa Pandemi)
Authors: Rahmawati Ajeng Tiara Bangga
Published: October 2024

Reopening of migrant workers' departures during the covid pandemic presents a contrast to the various protection policies that have been made before. This research aims to answer the research question: "why is the Indonesian government issuing a PMI departure policy during the Covid-19 pandemic?". To answer the formulation of the problem, the theory used is to combine rational actors with policy formulations. This research is explanatory using the content analysis method. This study uses the framework of rational actor by Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow as well as Jonathan Bendor and Thomas H. Hammond was used to find out how much influence the rational thinking style of a policymaker has when a policy is formed. The formation of a new policy by the government regarding the redeployment of PMI during a pandemic is considered a rational policy.Keywords: Indonesian migrant workers', rational actor, policy formulation, foreign exchange, economy
CHINA-SOUTH AFRICA HIGH-LEVEL PEOPLE TO PEOPLE EXCHANGE MECHANISM SEBAGAI SOFT DIPLOMACY TIONGKOK DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA SELATAN
Authors: Yasa Naufal Rizki Putra , Windiani Reni , Wahyudi Fendy Eko
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT This research aims to describe how China’s soft diplomacy policy forms in spreading culture in the Republic of South Africa through the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism to increase the arrival of African tourists to China and to find out the dynamics of China’s tourism cooperation with the Republic of South Africa. This research based on the promotion of Chinese culture in the Republic of South Africa under cultural cooperation through the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism policy and its relation with tourism cooperation between China and the Republic of South Africa. Using the Soft Diplomacy Concept, this research analyses the cultural promotion activities carried out by China in the Republic of South Africa under the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism in 2017. The result shows that there was an increase in African tourist arrival to China in 2018, a year after the promotion of Chinese culture under the China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism, this increase also exceeded the average percentage of African tourist arrivals to China in a period of 10 years (2008-2018). In 2019, two years after the soft diplomacy measure was implemented, there was a very drastic increase in the arrival of African tourists in China. Based on that result, this research suggested for further research to continue to examine China’s use of soft diplomacy, because soft power itself has been refered to in the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Keywords: China, Republic of South Africa, China-South Africa High-Level People to People Exchange Mechanism, Tourism, Soft diplomacy
ANALISIS FEMINISME DALAM PENINGKATAN KEJAHATAN OLEH PEREMPUAN DI AMERIKA SERIKAT PERIODE 2000-2022
Authors: Prianto Andana Tedja Martana
Published: October 2024

The impact of the feminist movement has led to an augmentation in the labor market participation of women globally. Discussions surrounding gender equality and women's welfare have been elevated as a result of the increasing prominence of feminism. Nevertheless, the upsurge of women's roles also extends to criminal activity. While men still dominate the realm of crime, there has been a significant rise in crimes perpetrated by women in contrast to a decreasing trend among men. Thus, the objective of this investigation is to elucidate the reason behind the escalation in criminal activity committed by women. Drawing on the theory of Marxist feminism, the author examines the intersection between capitalism and the patriarchal system in perpetuating the oppression of women. Using an empirical feminist method, the study focuses on sex and drug trafficking from 2000-2020. The results reveal persistent gender inequality, exemplified by lower wages for women and the hurdles they face in career advancement, which may drive some women to commit crimes.