bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning based tuberculosis (ML-TB) health predictor model: early TB health disease prediction with ML models for prevention in developing countries
Authors: Karmani Priyanka , Chandio Aftab Ahmed , Korejo Imtiaz Ali , Samuel Oluwarotimi Williams , Aborokbah Majed
Published: October 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top infectious killers in the world and a prominent fatal disease in developing countries. This study proposes a prototypical solution to early prevention of TB based on its primary symptoms, signs, and risk factors, implemented by means of machine learning (ML) predictive algorithms. Further novelty of the study lies in the uniqueness of patient dataset collected from three top-ranked hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan, via a self-administered survey patient-records that comprises a set of questions asked by the doctors treating TB patients in real-time. A total of 1,200 survey patient-records were evenly distributed among all three hospitals, viz. ICT Kotri, LUMHS Jamshoro, and Civil Hospital Hyderabad.

Methods

To develop the required prototypes, the research made use of five distinct benchmark ML algorithms: decision tree (DT), Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB), logistic regression classifier (LRC), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and neural network (NN), whose performance was evaluated by considering various performance metrics, i.e., accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrix.

Results

The experimental results, graphically visualized and systematically discoursed, demonstrate that early detection of TB classifiers, including DT, GNB, LRC, AdaBoost, and NN, attained accuracy rates of 92.11%, 89.04%, 90.35%, 93.42%, and 92.98%, respectively. These results indicate effective diagnosis of TB disease by each implemented ML algorithm.
Proteomic analysis of giant panda testicular tissue of different age groups
Authors: Peng Jing , Wang Tao , Li Feiping , Wang Shenfei , Zhang Mengshi , Ayala James , Liu Yuliang , Hou Rong , Cai Kailai
Published: October 2024

Background

The reproductive ability of male giant pandas has been a major complicating factor in the ex-situ conservation of the species. While it is well known that the testis produces sperm and secretes androgens, a process that requires precise regulation of various proteins, at present, there has been no systematic study on the composition of proteins in the testis of the giant pandas. Therefore, this study aims to apply proteomics to explore the regulation of proteins in the testes of giant pandas.

Methods

Samples from the testes of three giant pandas (22 years, 18 years, 8 days) were studied to assess the protein’s function. A label-free quantitative method was used to isolate testicular proteins from each male, 139,039 peptides and 11,435 proteins were obtained.

Results

Gene Ontology (GO) annotates most of the proteins involved in the processes of protein phosphorylation, oxidation-reduction, proteolysis, and signal transduction. KEGG pathway indicated that most of the proteins were involved in the pathway of signal transduction, transport, and catabolism. The protein kinase and WD40 repeats were involved in protein-protein interaction, which in turn regulates gene expression in the testicular tissue of giant pandas.

Conclusions

This study is the first to conduct an in-depth proteomic analysis of testicular tissue in giant pandas. The results revealed the important role of proteins in testicular tissue on spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and testicular microenvironment, providing clues for further research on male giant panda reproduction.
Determination of natural populations to be included in breeding program in St. John’s wort species (Hypericum perforatum L.)
Authors: Uysal Bayar Fatma
Published: October 2024

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of rapidly increasing importance. The cultural production of this species, which is of economic importance due to its medicinal properties, is limited. One of the main ways to increase production is to develop cultivars. Thus, the homogeneous raw material required for a standard product will be provided. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of natural populations to obtain productive cultivars with high hypericin and hyperforin that can meet market demands. In addition to yield and quality values, other characteristic features of the plant such as flower diameter, petal length and petal width, which directly affect productivity, were revealed in the study. The study was conducted under field conditions for two years with three replications. Fresh flower weight among the populations varied between 30.15 and 240.28 g/plant, while the hypericin ratio varied between 51.32 and 105.31 (mg/100 g). The study determined a wide variation among the populations, and the populations with superior characteristics were included in the breeding program.
Otimização matemática aplicada a uma unidade agropecuária no Oeste Paraibano
Authors: Sandmann André , Lima Vera Lucia Antunes de , Souza Thaimara Ramos Angelino de , Nóbrega Anna Rebeca Silva , Pinto Yohanna Macedo de Farias , Souza Nadiana Praça de , Costa Thais Aparecida Rocha da , Araújo Maria Sallydelândia de Farias , Silva Smyth Trotsk de Araujo , Silva Francisco de Assis da
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo teve como objetivo, desenvolver um modelo matemático para uma pequena unidade de produção agropecuária no oeste paraibano visando maximizar o resultado econômico. O rápido avanço tecnológico e científico das últimas décadas possibilitou o desenvolvimento de softwares especializados em modelar e resolver problemas de otimização. Esses softwares podem tornaram-se ferramentas essenciais para apoiar a tomada de decisões na gestão de operações. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade rural, localizada no interior do município de Alagoa Nova, Paraíba. Para isso, foi necessário compreender a dinâmica do sistema de produção agropecuário da propriedade, utilizando de entrevistas, questionários e estimativas de custos. Esse procedimento permitiu coletar dados que auxiliaram na investigação e na análise da unidade de produção, resultando na formulação de um modelo matemático, permitindo a elaboração de alternativas de desenvolvimento adaptadas à realidade da propriedade rural. A partir dos dados coletados, foram realizados cálculos econômicos utilizando o software LINGO, considerando a ingestão de volumoso do rebanho bovino da unidade. Foram estabelecidas restrições técnicas, financeiras, de superfície e de mão de obra. Constatou-se que a modelagem matemática é uma ferramenta eficaz, pois fornece uma análise de problemas complexos, permitindo a simulação de cenários e a avaliação das possíveis consequências das decisões, reduzindo riscos, otimizando o uso de recursos naturais e insumos, minimizando desperdícios e maximizando a produtividade.Essa abordagem melhora a eficiência econômica e promove práticas agrícolas mais responsáveis.
Views of Peidu: Mothers Accompanying Children with Autism and Other Developmental Disorders to School in China
Authors: McCabe Helen , Jiang Tian , Klein Susan M. , Qian Xueqin , Tsao Ling-Ling
Published: October 2024

Educational opportunities for children with disabilities in China have increased recently, often due to parent efforts. This qualitative study sought to understand the practice of parents (mothers) accompanying their children with autism and other developmental disabilities to school (peidu), providing individualized support in a variety of school settings. Through interviews with parents of 12 children, and four teachers, four themes emerged from data analysis: 1) lack of formal support resources; 2) building relationships with leaders and teachers; 3) mothers as a bridge with other children; and 4) the essential role of managing behavior. This research shows the important role mothers play in securing and maintaining educational opportunities for their children, by going to school with their children (peidu); yet peidu is not a universal or desirable long-term solution. Challenges of effectively supporting students with disabilities in classrooms are not unique to China, and solutions involve and point to the importance of collaboration in education. We conclude with recommendations for supporting parents and teachers, and directions for future research.
A Retrospective Study on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation AndManagementOfEctopic Pregnancy In Tertiary Care Centre, Rajasthan
Authors: Seema Dr. , Gehlot Dr. Hanslata , Goyal Dr. Divya , Sen Dr Kajal
Published: October 2024

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is not an uncommon condition and is potentially a life-threatening emergency. There is a rising trend in incidence which necessitates the gynecologists to have comprehensive knowledge about the disease. Aim of the study: To determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical features and management. Materials and Methods: This study is conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur. It is a retrospective descriptive study on patients who presented to our department with clinical features of ectopic pregnancy and later confirmed with intraoperative findings or ultrasound, in the 6 month period from January 2024 to June 2024. Results: A total of 84 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of 1.8 percent. Previous ectopic pregnancy found in 3.57% of pregnancy. Tubal surgeries were carried out in 4.7% . H/O previous abortion/MTP found in 26.19% of cases . Previous abdominopelvic surgeries including caesarean sections were responsible for 22.61% of ectopic pregnancy. PID was found in 16.6% of cases History of tuberculosis was found in 3.57% of cases. In this study, 13.09% cases were using an intrauterine device (IUD) as a method of contraception. Combining OCPs and IUD, 21.39% cases had ectopic pregnancy Surgical treatment with salpingectomy was done in majority of the cases and medical management in 4 patients. Blood transfusions were given in 83.3% of cases. The postoperative period is uneventful in all the cases. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality in first trimester. In spite of advanced diagnostic techniques, it poses great diagnostic difficulties due to varied signs and symptoms. Previous tubal surgery pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility are the risk factors of tubal pregnancy
Healing of periapical lesion by non-surgical endodontic therapy: A case report
Authors: B Arunima. , baby Deepak , . Sreedevi , K G Rajeev , Augustine Ann mary , babu Reshma p
Published: October 2024

Periapical lesions often arise as a consequence of pulpal diseases, and most inflammatory periapical lesions are initially managed with conservative non-surgical methods. The success of root canal treatment hinges on the thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) are preferred intracanal medicaments due to their effective antibacterial properties. This case report details the non-surgical management of a periapical lesion associated with the mandibular central incisors in a 18-year-old female who presented with periodic swelling and pus drainage in the labial sulcus, due to traumatic accident in the that area. The case underscores the effectiveness of using calcium hydroxide and TAP as interappointment endodontic dressings, leading to favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes for managing a periapical radiolucency.
Comparative evaluation of marginal integrity of three esthetic restorative materials in class V cavities under stereomicroscope: an in-vitro study
Authors: Prabhakar Danish , Sandhu Gursandeep Kaur , Malhan Sunil , Sood Himanshu , Pareek Ankur , Raji Janus
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of this invitro study was to compare the marginal integrity among three esthetic restorative materials. Methods and Material: This study was conducted on 60 freshly extracted human premolars in which Standardized Class V cavities were prepared. Teeth were equally assigned to three groups : GC- Aenial Anterior Composite(Group A), Tetric N- Ceram(Group B), Palfique LX5(Group C). Each group containing 20 teeth were restored and then stored in distilled water for 1 week at 37°C. The specimens were dried and painted with two coats of nail varnish on the teeth except 2mm around the cervical margins of the restoration and air dried. After that the teeth were kept in 2 % methylene blue solution for 24 hours. After sectioning the teeth, the sectioned halves were then evaluated for dye penetration under stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test along with post hoc pairwise comparison by Mann Whitney U test. Results: The findings suggested that Tetric N-Ceram was superior to the other two composite materials Conclusions: Marginal leakage scores of novel restorative material, Tetric N- Ceram was minimal and within acceptable limits compared to other tested material.
Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Three Different Endodontic Sealer: An In Vitro Study
Authors: . Ishita , Sandhu Gursandeep Kaur , Malhan Sunil , Sood Himanshu , Raji Janus , Pareek Ankur
Published: October 2024

AIM : Comparative evaluation of apical sealing ability of three different endodontic sealers : An in vitro study Materials and Methods:- The study was conducted on 60 samples on single rooted teeth using three different sealers MTA fillapex, Apexit Plus, Bio C sealer. On the prepared samples access cavities and biomechanical preparation was performed using endodontic rotary system. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each with control group having empty canal. All root surfaces except the apical 2 mm was covered with two layers of nail varnish and sticky wax and all samples were immersed in an aqueous solution of 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. Roots were longitudinally split using a diamond disc . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : The data was statistically analysed with One way ANOVA test and post hoc tukey test to compare the apical sealing ability between the experimental groups RESULTS : In our study , least sealing ability was observed Apexit plus followed by MTA Fillapex and Bio C sealer.CONCLUSION : Bio C sealer showed considerably good results compared to MTA Fillapex and Bio C sealer
Embolie pulmonaire hydatique : À propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature Hydatid Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bouras M. , Najimi R. , kilali R.El , Aharmim M. , Zahraoui R. , Bourkadi JE. , Soualhi M.
Published: October 2024

Résumé : L'embolie pulmonaire hydatique est une affection rare résultant de l'ouverture d'un kyste hydatique viscéral dans la circulation veineuse ou plus rarement secondaire à une rupture d'un kyste hydatique cardiaque. Nous rapportons un cas d’un homme de 64 ans, opéré à deux reprises pour kyste hydatique hépatique, admis à notre formation pour une dyspnée aigue avec une toux productive, dont un scanner injecté a montré une embolie pulmonaire hydatique bilatérale. Vu la contre-indication de la chirurgie, le patient est mis sous traitement médical antihelminthique (Albendazole), avec nette amélioration clinique et radiologique. Mots clés : Embolie pulmonaire, Artère pulmonaire, Kyste hydatique, Hydatidose pulmonaire
Double localisation d’un lymphome de MALT : A propos d’un seul cas
Authors: Najimi Dr R. , Herrak Pr L. , Azzeddine Dr R. , Fetouh Pr M.El , Achachi Pr L.
Published: October 2024

Résumé : Les lymphomes pulmonaires primitifs (LPP) sont des tumeurs rares, représentant moins de 1 % des tumeurs malignes pulmonaires. Parmi eux, les lymphomes de type MALT (tissu lymphoïde associé aux muqueuses) sont des lymphomes B de bas grade, issus des lymphocytes de la zone marginale. Cette étude rapporte un cas de double localisation pulmonaire et gastrique d’un lymphome de MALT. Ce cas met en lumière les défis diagnostiques associés à ces lymphomes rares et souligne l'importance de rechercher des localisations extra-pulmonaires, en raison de leurs manifestations cliniques variées et non spécifiques. Summary: Primary pulmonary lymphomas (PPL) are rare tumors, accounting for less than 1% of all lung malignancies. Among them, MALT lymphomas (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) are low-grade B-cell lymphomas derived from marginal zone lymphocytes. This study reports a case of double localization of MALT lymphoma in both the lungs and the stomach. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by these rare lymphomas and emphasizes the importance of searching for extra-pulmonary localizations due to their varied and non-specific clinical manifestations
An Overview of Prosthetic Implant Attachments in EdentulousPatients
Authors: Devi Dr. Madati Deepika , Surapaneni Dr. Hemchand
Published: October 2024

Edentulism is an unresolved health care issue of sustained significance and prevalence in the aged population. Adaptation to wearing complete dentures is a complex process and must be considered from both somatic and psychological standpoints. The difficulties of wearing dentures have been attributed to deficiencies of the denture-bearing tissues, reduced salivary flow,vulnerable tissue and severe ridge resorption. The prosthetic management of the edentulous patient has always been a major challenge. Complete maxillary and mandibular dentures have been the traditional treatment option. However, most of the patients report problems adapting to the mandibular denture due to lack of comfort, retention and stability. It is well known that implantretained/supported overdentures provide improved retention, support, stability, function, and comfort for patients
Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcrack Formation During Root Canal Preparation Using Different Rotary Files: An In Vitro Study
Authors: AUGUSTINE ANN MARY , BABY DEEPAK , P V SREEDEVI , K G RAJEEV , B ARUNIMA , BABU RESHMA P
Published: October 2024

Background:The success of endodontic treatment depends on completely removing all vital and necrotic pulp tissue, microorganisms, and microbial toxins from the root canal. During the cleaning and shaping process, the canal is shaped through the interaction between instruments and the dentin walls. These interactions can create several temporary stress points within the dentin, which may lead to the development of dentinal defects, craze lines, or microcracks. As a result, the techniques employed for shaping root canals carry the risk of starting crack formation, which, under functional pressure, could progress into complete fractures. This study was aimed to compare and evaluate the incidence of dentinal microcrack formation during root canal preparation using ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, NeoEndo Flex and Hyflex EDM files. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 freshly extracted single rooted premolars with single straight canal were selected and stored in normal saline. Each specimen was examined using dental operating microscope to exclude cracked samples. Specimens then decoronated using a diamond disc and water as a coolant to a standardized length of 14 mm. Canal patency was determined by passing 10 K file passively and the working length was established 1 mm short of the file length at which the file become visible at the apical foramen. Canal was then enlarged upto15 k size file. Teeth samples were then divided into 5 groups having 19 teeth each. Group 1: Control Group (Uninstrumented teeth), Group 2 : Protaper Universal, Group 3 : Protaper Gold, Group 4 : NeoEndo Flex ,Group 5 : Hyflex EDM. After completion of cleaning and shaping procedure (to a standard apical diameter of 25), canal was rinsed with distilled water. Root was then horizontally sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm from the apex with diamond disc at low speed under water cooling. All the sections were evaluated under stereomicroscope for presence of cracks and images were recorded. Cracks were observed as lines extending from the root canal lumen to the dentin or from the outer surface into the dentin. Results: All the file systems used in this study showed dentinal microcracks. ProTaper Universal exhibited the highest percentage of dentinal defects, while Hyflex EDM displayed the lowest among the file systems used (ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, NeoEndo Flex and Hyflex EDM). The defects were present more in the apical third (3 mm) as compared to 6 mm (middle third) and 9 mm (coronal third) sections
Plummer-Vinson syndrome: Clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects: a Moroccan case series
Authors: Kadiri Maryeme , Chabib Fatima Zahra , Lagdali Nawal , Berhili Camelia , Borahma Mohamed , Ajana Fatima Zohra
Published: October 2024

Plummer Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare entity characterized mainly by upper dysphagia, irondeficiency anemia, and the presence of an esophageal ring on endoscopic examination. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 18 years describing the epidemiological and clinical profile, endoscopic management and the medium and long-term evolution. A total of 96 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 41,5 years and a clear female predominance (19/77). dysphagia was present in almost all our patients (97,9%), and an anemic syndrome in half the cases (52%). Female gender was significantly associated with PVS occurrence (p=0.002). The frequency of the disease was significantly higher after the age of 30 years with a peak in frequency in the 4th decade (p<0.034). Upper endoscopy found a membranous ring located in the cervical area in all cases. 1 patient had, in addition to the plummer vinson ring, a lower esophageal membranous called Schatzki ring with a small sliding hiatal hernia. PVS was associated with other autoimmune diseases mostly represented by celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Treatment was based on iron supplementation followed by endoscopic dilatation with Savary dilators in 91,6% (n=88) and balloons for 8,3% of cases (n=8). long-term outcome was favorable in 79.1% of patients with no clinical recurrence. 20,8% patients relapsed after a median of 29,2 months [2-72 months] requiring a second dilation. PVS was complicated by squamous cell carcinoma in 5,2% (n=5).
Factors Contributing to Emergence of infectious viral diseases in India: Issues and Challenges after COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Biswas Dr. Aritra , Bhattacharyya Chandrani , Ray Prof. (Dr.) Raja
Published: October 2024

Emerging and re-emerging viral infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. India had experienced numerous infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics in past years. However, tremendous strides have been achieved in the past in the fight against serious epidemic diseases. It has been found that a wide range of complex factors, such as pathogen evolution, human invasion, commerce in wild animals, microbial adaptation, changes in the environment and dynamic interactions between humans and animals influence the emergence and transmission of infectious viral diseases. As the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated, India's secondary and tertiary health-care system is quite advanced. The study of infectious diseases, in particular their pathogenesis, genetic profile and diagnosis has fundamentally changed with the advent of genome sequencing and nucleic acid detection technology. Additionally, advance therapy and vaccination led to best possible patient management and care. Further scientific investigations and research are needed to discover neglected diseases that have the potential to cause epidemics as well as to develop updated vaccines, modern treatment strategy and diagnostics at molecular level. This evaluation will aid for policymakers, academics and researchers to redesign the course of action to combat the deadly emerging pathogenic viruses and also preserve the ecosystem.
Knowledge and Awareness on Aligner Treatment Protocol Among General Dentists, and Non Orthodontic Specialists: A Questionnaire study
Authors: A Dr. Ajay. , U. B Dr. Rajasekaran. , Prabu Dr. Neetika , Deepak Dr. Arun , Keerthana Dr Vaithava
Published: October 2024

The general dental practitioners and other non-orthodontic specialists can play the role of orthodontic health educators. Dentists have the responsibility to recognize, diagnose, and manage or refer abnormalities in the developing dentition. Hence for proper counseling and referral, general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists must have adequate level of orthodontic knowledge. Aim and objective: This study aims to determine and evaluate the knowledge and attitude of general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists towards early orthodontic treatment. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of orthodontic treatment among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists and to compare the knowledge of orthodontic treatment between the two groups. Material and methods: 308 dental professionals were included in the study. The participants were divided into three groups; Group I included general practitioners, Group II had non-orthodontic postgraduate students, and Group III had non- orthodontic specialists. The questionnaire included 20 closed-ended, multiple choice questions. The first five questions include; general information such as gender, age, educational qualification, years of clinical experience and attachment to educational institutions. The next fifteen questions depict the attitude and awareness of principles and practices in orthodontics. Results: The study highlights the need for better education for treatment concepts in aligner therapy to the general dentist and non-orthodontic specialist. Conclusion: Conduction of Continuing Education programs to update them regularly in newer treatment protocols might be of great help to the practitioners in providing meticulous care to their patients. Overall, clear aligners have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by offering improved aesthetics, patient acceptance, and quality of life.
Is The Peri-Implantitis Involved With Brain Inflammation And May Contribute To Neurodegenerative Disorders?
Authors: Carneiro José Ricardo Brasil , Pereira Renato Felipe , Tessarin Gestter Willian Lattari
Published: October 2024

Oral rehabilitation encompasses the restoration of oral function, addressing issues related to the teeth, gums, and other oral structures. Dental implants have become the gold standard for the replacement of single or multiple missing teeth, but in individuals with poor oral hygiene, the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm can trigger a local immune and inflammatory host response leading to peri-implant mucositis (a reversible condition with localized therapies) or peri-implantitis (characterized by bone loss accompanied by a persistent immune and inflammatory host response). The presence of periodontal pathogens at sites with peri-implantitis has been reported in several studies, and there is extensive documentation of similarities in microbial profiles between periodontitis sites and peri-implantitis sites. Thus, periodontitis/apical periodontitis can reach distant organs, especially the brain. This can lead to the development or exacerbation of inflammatory conditions. Similarly, the microorganisms and their products responsible for inducing peri-implantitis can potentially cause inflammatory conditions in the brain like periodontitis/apical periodontitis. Then, it is plausible to infer that peri-implantitis may be used the same way to induce and/or potentialize brain inflammation
Comparison Of Passive Leg Raising And Intravenous Phenylephrine As Prophylaxis In Prevention Of Hypotension After Spinal Anaesthesia In Elective Caesarean Section - A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Sneha Dr.Pathrlagadda , K Dr.Brijesh , Munirathna Dr.Avinash
Published: October 2024

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Gender Differences In Thyroid Cancer In A Tertiary Care Hospital Bangladesh
Authors: Jewel Dr. Arif Mahmud , Rumana Dr. Saimun Nahar , Rahman Dr. Masroor , Hossain Dr. Mohammad Anwar , Rahman Dr. Tawfiqur , Razzak Dr. Md Abdur , Monir Dr. Mohammed Iqbal , Awal Dr. Towhidur Rahman , Chowdhury Dr. Md Wasiur Rahman
Published: October 2024

Background: The gender disparity in incidence, aggressiveness and prognosis is well established for thyroid cancer but the cause of the disparity is poorly understood. Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the gender difference in thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2015. The thyroid gland was assessed by palpation in all patients. Estimation of serum TSH concentrations were performed by automated immune chemiluminescent assay. Results: In this study out of 400 thyroid cancer patients, 327 were females and 73 were males. The mean age was almost similar between male and female patients (p=0.245). HOMA-IR was significant higher in female patients than male patients (1.9±0.5 vs 1.7±0.6). FT3, FT4 and TPO antibody were significantly higher in male patients than female patients, whereas TSH level was significantly higher in female patients than male patients (5.7±2.9 vs 4.5±2.8 µIU/mL). In multivariate logistic regression analysis abnormal TSH patient had 3.61 (95% CI 1.66 to 7.81) times more likely to have female. Abnormal FT3 patient had 2.56 (95% CI 1.08 to 6.05) times more likely to have female. Abnormal TSH and FT3 were significantly associated with female patients. Conclusion: Serum TSH and FT3 levels were significantly associated with thyroid cancer especially for females. Our results suggest the necessity of monitoring TSH and FT3 in the population for thyroid cancer risk assessment, especially female.
Particularités Des Pneumopathies Interstitielles Diffuses Chroniques Selon Le Sexe
Authors: Najimi R. , Bouras M. , Kilali R.El , Aharmim M. , Marc K. , Zahraoui R. , Bourkadi J.E. , Soualhi M.
Published: October 2024

Les pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses (PID) chroniques représentent un groupe diversifié de maladies pulmonaires avec des étiologies variées, principalement les connectivites, la sarcoïdose et la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI). Cette étude descriptive a pour objectif de caractériser les profils épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et étiologiques des PID chroniques en fonction du sexe. Les résultats de notre série révèlent des différences étiologiques significatives entre les sexes : les connectivites et la sarcoïdose prédominent chez les femmes, tandis que les hommes sont plus souvent touchés par la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique, la silicose et les PID du fumeur
Phlebactasia A Unique Anatomical Variation: A Case Series
Authors: Singla Dr. Isha , Gulia Dr. Sunil , Kumar Dr. Sanjeev , Das T Dr. Ajay , Khera Dr. Divanshi , Yadav Dr. Deepak
Published: October 2024

Background Internal jugular vein (IJV) ectasia is an uncommon condition, often presenting as a soft, compressible neck swelling that exacerbates with actions increasing intrathoracic pressure, such as straining or coughing. This condition typically affects one side of the neck and is more common in children and young adults. The IJV plays a crucial role in draining the head and neck and is an important surgical landmark for various structures. Deviations from normal IJV anatomy due to embryological dysgenesis can lead to significant clinical implications, particularly during surgical procedures. This article presents four cases of patients who were incidentally found to have abnormal IJV during neck dissection for head and neck cancers. These cases highlight the importance of recognizing IJV variations to avoid surgical complications. The discussion includes the anatomy and function of the IJV, the rare condition of phlebectasia, and the potential complications of such anomalies. Increased awareness and further research into these anatomical variations are necessary to improve surgical outcomes and reduce morbidity
From The Archives: Reviving The Richmond Crown For Anterior Tooth Restoration- A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Dr Simran , Bansal Dr Manu , Akashraj Dr P.
Published: October 2024

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Pattern Of Admission And Outcome Among Neonates Admitted Into The Special Care Baby Unit Of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: A Adamu , BO Onankpa
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The neonatal disease pattern is a sensitive indicator of the availability, utilisation and effectiveness of mother and child health services in the community. Community based data are difficult to come by, so hospital based data most often is use to assess the burden of neonatal problems. Aim: To determine the pattern of morbidity, mortality and outcome of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto from 1 st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective review of medical records of neonates admitted into the SCBU of UDUTH, Sokoto from 1 st January, 2022 to 31st December, 2022. Information retrieved included the biodata, place of birth, age at admission, diagnosis, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 818 neonates were admitted during the study period, 393(48.0%) were males and 425(52.0%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. Most 606(74.1%) of the patients were out born. Birth Asphyxia 245(30.0%) was the main reason for admission, followed by prematurity 182(22.3%). Majority 653(79.2%) were discharged, 16(2.0%) left against medical advice, while 149(18.2%) of the admitted patients died. Prematurity related death 61(40.9%) and birth Asphyxia were the leading causes of death respectively. Majority 107(71.8%) of the deaths occur among the out-born. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia and prematurity related complications were the main reasons for neonatal admissions and the leading causes of death in this study. Most of the neonatal deaths were from preventable causes. Strengthening perinatal care, emergency obstetric services, facilities for improved preterm care should be provided in secondary and tertiary health facilities and improving the skills of health care providers on neonatal resuscitation are necessary to reduce neonatal mortality
A Comparative Study in the Treatment of Fracture Neck of Femur with Cemented and Non Cemented Bipolar Prosthetic Replacement in Rural Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Kenan Dr. Md. Abul , Mostafa Dr. Golam , Begum Dr. Kazi Farhana , Rahman Dr. Habibur
Published: October 2024

Background: The treatment of fracture neck of femur with bipolar prosthetic replacement is commonly performed using cemented and non-cemented implants. This study compares the clinical outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction between these two methods in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. Methods: This comparative study was conducted in rural hospitals of the Kishorganj district, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023, to evaluate the outcomes of cemented versus non-cemented bipolar prosthetic replacement in patients with femoral neck fractures. Results: The age range of participants was 48 to 68 years. Regarding gender distribution, 44.4% of patients in the Cemented group were male, compared to 37.0% in the Non-Cemented group. The cemented group had a mean hospital stay of 8.3 ± 2.1 days, while the non-cemented group had a slightly longer stay of 9.0 ± 2.3 days. Postoperative infection rates were higher in the cemented group (11.1%) compared to the non-cemented group (3.7%), with diabetic patients showing a higher infection risk in both groups. Patient satisfaction was 78% in the cemented group and 74% in the non-cemented group, with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Cemented bipolar prosthetic replacement offers the advantage of shorter hospital stays and slightly higher patient satisfaction, but at the cost of a higher infection rate, particularly among diabetic patients. Non-cemented prostheses provide comparable long-term outcomes with a lower infection risk, making them a viable option for patients with comorbid conditions
Use Of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) In The Diet Of Confined Sheep
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Negrão Fagton De Mattos , Garcia Jocilaine , Perete Mariana Moura Da Silva , Coutinho Júnior Mota Da Silva , Sales Priscila Lima
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of ginger (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) in the diet of sheep as a natural additive on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, in addition to ruminal parameters. Four mixed breed sheep with an initial body weight of 25 kg were used, distributed in a Latin square experimental design (4x4). The diets were balanced with 12.0% crude protein (isoprotein) and 69.5% total digestible nutrients (isoenergetic). The studied variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the observed differences were determined by regression analysis considering 5% significance. The mean values obtained for the intake values expressed in kg animal-1 day-1 for DM; OM; CP; EE, NDF; ADF; TCH and CNF were 0.64; 0.60; 0.058; 0.011; 0.29; 0.19; 0.51; and 0.22, respectively. The mean values of the nutrient digestibility coefficients were 51.59; 64.92; 55.97; 76.86; 39.73; 30.68; 52.54; and 69.50%, respectively, for DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, and NFC. No interaction effect was observed for the pH of the ruminal fluid; however, the pH value differed in relation to time. The concentration of N-NH3 in the ruminal fluid differed. The inclusion of up to 0.6% ginger in the diet of confined sheep does not alter the values of intake and nutrient digestibility coefficient; however, the inclusion of 0.4% ginger allows a higher concentration of N-NH3 in the ruminal fluid in the time interval of 2h12min after feeding, requiring the inclusion of rapidly fermented carbohydrates in the diet
Sensory And Physical Characteristics Of Burger Made From Different Percentages Of Spent Hens Meat
Authors: Salih Maitham Saad
Published: October 2024

An experiment to study the Sensory and physical characteristics of burger made from different percentages of spent hens meat. The experiment included five treatments in which spent hens meat was introduced in different proportions to the beef burger mixture. The proportions of chicken and beef meat in the burger meat mixture were as T1 beef 100% + 0% spent hens meat . T2 beef 75% + 25 % spent hens meat. T3 beef 50 % + 50 % spent hens meat. T4 beef 25 %+ 75 % spent hens meat .T5 beef 0% + 100 % spent hens meat. the experiment was conducted in the poultry laboratory of the College of Agriculture - Wasit University . To conduct the research, beef and spent hens meat were purchased from local markets in the city of Kut after slaughter and cooling. The burger was cooked by hot air tablets at a temperature of 220 degrees Celsius for a period of 24 minutes. Sensory evaluation scores were determined for the characteristics of flavor, tenderness, juiciness, general acceptability, shape, appearance color, and structure, the sensory and physical properties of a burger made from different proportions of beef and spent hens meat. The results showed that adding spent hens meat can significantly improve the flavor, tenderness and juiciness of the burger. The sample containing an equal proportion of aged beef and chicken meat (50/50) was the most balanced in the properties studied and had the highest overall acceptance
The Comparative Effects Of Organic Manure On The Vegetative Growth Of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis): Implication For School Farm Management
Authors: O. A. Agadaigho, Amos , Godwin Odjegba, Okiemute , Richard Igbunu,
Published: October 2024

The study was to investigate the comparative effects of organic manure on the vegetative growth of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and it’s implication for School Farm Management. The treatments used for the study were 70 kg of poultry droppings, cow dung, goat dropping, pig dung respectively and zero application manure (control). The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, numbers of vines, stem girth, and leaf area. Mean (x) scores were used to analyse research questions. ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. Fisher’s least significant difference (F-LSD) test was used to compare the means ( `X ) at 0.05 level of significance. Application of poultry droppings (PD) had the highest significant (P < 0.05) effects of plant height on fluted pumpkin when compared with other treatments of Cattle dung, Goat droppings and Pig dung from 4 – 12 WAP. Application of poultry droppings and cattle dung significantly (P < 0.05) produced highest number of vines in most stages of the experiment (4 – 12 WAP) when compared to other treatments such as pig dung and zero application. Significantly (P < 0.05), application PD produced higher number of leaves when compared to other organic manure treatments at 4 and 5 WAP. However, PD and CD (cattle dung) significantly (P < 0.05) had the same effect on number of leaves of fluted pumpkin but significantly higher when compared with other organic treatments at 11 and 12 WAP. Application of PD and CD consistently produced significant (P > 0.05) higher stem girth on fluted pumpkin when compared with other organic treatments used for the study especially from 6 – 12 WAP. Poultry manure produced highest leaf area in all the stages of vegetative growth (4 – 12 WAP). However, application of PD, CD and GD at 12 WAP produced significantly (P > 0.05) the same leaf area but significantly higher than the production of pig manure and zero application of manure. The study recommended that Poultry and cow manure should be used for Telfairia occidentalis production in the tropical rainforest especially in growth and herbage improvements. The use of poultry or cow manure as source of nutrients to the soil will ensure quick returns when used to cultivate fluted pumpkin in school farms
Evaluation Of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata) Varieties For Resistance To Bruchid (Callosobruchus Spp) Infestation Using The “No Choice Test"
Authors: Njiru Silas , Muthengi Alex , Ngugi Fidelis , Tende Regina , Karimi Rael
Published: October 2024

Mung beans (Vigna radiata) commonly known as green grams, are an important legume crop cultivated for food and as a source of income. Mung bean seeds are highly susceptible to infestation by bruchids (Callosobruchus spp), which can cause significant post-harvest losses, hence impacting on the global food security. Bruchid infestation control remains a priority, and overreliance on chemical pesticides contributes to environmental concerns due to the potential harm to non-target species such as soil and water quality. Investigating natural resistance mechanisms in mung beans can contribute to sustainable and eco-friendly pest management practices. This study aimed at identifying mung bean varieties resistant to storage bruchids using the 'No Choice' test by determining the seed damage. Twenty-three mung bean varieties, both wild and local, were obtained from KALRO Katumani and evaluated against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) under laboratory conditions. Fifty seeds of each test sample were placed in separate petri dishes. Five male and female pairs of 0–24-hour-old adults of the beetle were released into each petri dish, covered to prevent insect escape and allow air circulation. The observations were made after 72 hours on oviposition preference by determining the number of eggs laid and percentage seed damage by counting the seeds with one or more holes from the total. The mung bean variety V100-35226 exhibited the highest resistance to bruchid infestations, with minimal seed damage. Other varieties with slight resistance included AMVU-1612, AMVU-1601, AMVU-1603, and V100-1802. The results highlighted significant differences in resistance levels among the mung bean varieties, indicating that some varieties possess natural resistance mechanisms to bruchid infestation
Denitrification in the banks of fluctuating rivers: The effects of river stage amplitude, sediment hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity, and ambient groundwater flow
Authors: Shuai Pin , Cardenas M. Bayani , Knappett Peter S. K. , Bennett Philip C. , Neilson Bethany T.
Published: September 2017

Hyporheic exchange induced by periodic river fluctuations leads to important biogeochemical processes, particularly nitrogen cycling, in riparian zones (RZs) where chemically distinct surface water and groundwater mix. We developed a two‐dimensional coupled flow, reactive transport model to study the role of bank storage induced by river fluctuations on removing river‐borne nitrate. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to quantify the effects of river amplitude, sediment hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity, and ambient groundwater flow on nitrate removal rate. The simulations showed that nitrification occurred in the shallower zone adjacent to the bank where oxic river water and groundwater interacted while denitrification occurred deeper into the aquifer and in the riverbed sediments where oxygen was depleted. River fluctuations greatly increased the amount of nitrate being removed; the nitrate removal rate increased as river amplitude increased. Similarly, increasing hydraulic conductivity increased overall nitrate removal since it expanded the denitrifying zone but decreased efficiency. In contrast, increasing sediment dispersivity increased the removal efficiency of nitrate because it promoted mixing between electron acceptors and donors. The presence and direction of ambient groundwater flow had a significant impact on nitrate removal rate when compared to neutral conditions. A losing river showed a larger nitrate removal rate, whereas a gaining river showed a smaller nitrate removal rate. Our results demonstrated that daily river fluctuations created denitrification hot spots within the RZ that would not otherwise exist under naturally neutral or gaining conditions.
Automatic x‐ray image contrast enhancement based on parameter auto‐optimization
Authors: Qiu Jianfeng , Harold Li H. , Zhang Tiezhi , Ma Fangfang , Yang Deshan
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Insufficient image contrast associated with radiation therapy daily setup x‐ray images could negatively affect accurate patient treatment setup. We developed a method to perform automatic and user‐independent contrast enhancement on 2D kilo voltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) x‐ray images. The goal was to provide tissue contrast optimized for each treatment site in order to support accurate patient daily treatment setup and the subsequent offline review.

Methods

The proposed method processes the 2D x‐ray images with an optimized image processing filter chain, which consists of a noise reduction filter and a high‐pass filter followed by a contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) filter. The most important innovation is to optimize the image processing parameters automatically to determine the required image contrast settings per disease site and imaging modality. Three major parameters controlling the image processing chain, i.e., the Gaussian smoothing weighting factor for the high‐pass filter, the block size, and the clip limiting parameter for the CLAHE filter, were determined automatically using an interior‐point constrained optimization algorithm.

Results

Fifty‐two kV and MV x‐ray images were included in this study. The results were manually evaluated and ranked with scores from 1 (worst, unacceptable) to 5 (significantly better than adequate and visually praise worthy) by physicians and physicists. The average scores for the images processed by the proposed method, the CLAHE, and the best window‐level adjustment were 3.92, 2.83, and 2.27, respectively. The percentage of the processed images received a score of 5 were 48, 29, and 18%, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed method is able to outperform the standard image contrast adjustment procedures that are currently used in the commercial clinical systems. When the proposed method is implemented in the clinical systems as an automatic image processing filter, it could be useful for allowing quicker and potentially more accurate treatment setup and facilitating the subsequent offline review and verification.