bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time enhancement of visual clarity in turbid waters for commercial divers and ROVs
Authors: Upadhyay Sanat , Papadakis Manos
Published: April 2024

Optimal visual clarity underwater is paramount for both commercial divers and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) engaged in critical offshore inspections. Water turbidity in ports, rivers, and other inland waters commonly obstructs underwater inspections and navigation, often leading to an increase in inspection costs or even rendering an inspection impossible. Artificially improving underwater visibility makes remote camera inspections realizable at conditions and locations previously thought to be impossible. To this end, we present a novel and unique solution to this problem in the form of our real-time video clarifier software.

Under the supervision of the American Bureau of Shipping, we conducted experiments to test the software’s efficacy. Our experiment, conducted in 13.5 NTU water turbidity at the port of Galveston, evaluated Lolaark Vision Inc.'s groundbreaking video clarifier technology. Using a standard HD SDI camera connected to high-intensity light sources, the trial demonstrated an overall increase of 37% in the horizontal visibility radius. It was found that structures that were previously visible only 9 inches away from the camera, became visible after the application of the Clarifier even at 21 inches of distance between the camera and the object of interest thus yielding a video clarification factor of 2.33. Furthermore, by utilizing the Underwater Image Quality Measure (UIQM), we observed a notable 160% improvement in the UIQM score on average. This score is an objective metric of the visual information content of an image or a frame of a video clip. The video Clarifier works in real-time at maximum 1080p resolution and 30 frames per second.

These findings underscore the transformative potential of Lolaark Vision's video Clarifier in significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of underwater inspections performed by divers or by ROVs. Our successful experiments enabled the American Bureau of Shipping to award Lolaark Vision Inc. a New Technology Qualification at the “Technology Qualified” maturity level (approximately equivalent to a Level 4 TRL of API RP 17N/Q), further validating the Clarifier’s efficacy and relevance in offshore and inshore operations.
The design of Benzimidazole derivatives to bind to GDP-bound K-RAS for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Sharma Gargi , Shah Nisarg , Saravanan Aishwarya , Brah Harman
Published: April 2024

KRAS is a proto-oncogene that plays an important role in cell proliferation and division. It is found to be mutated in approximately 25% of cancer tumors. Several studies have tried to find ways to inhibit the KRAS protein, with modest success. This research aims to design molecules to bind to GDP-bound KRAS to predict how different molecules might bind to an inactivated version of the protein. We observed the binding affinity of various small molecules using UCSF Chimera and Autodock Vina and modified them to enhance their affinity to GDP-bound KRAS. We hypothesized that oxygen additions to the compound would increase hydrogen bonds, which in turn would increase the thermodynamic favorability of binding. We observed that molecules with favorable free-energy binding affinities tended to have more hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the protein, and they were mostly between oxygens in the ligand and various residues on the protein. Certain benzimidazole derivatives, such as Methiazole and Fenbendazole, have been found to inhibit growth of KRAS-mutant cells, so we tested several benzimidazole derivatives on GDP-bound KRAS in silico. Irbesartan had the most favorable binding affinity after modifications as compared to the other compounds docked on GDP-bound KRAS. The modified versions of Irbesartan can bind to GDP-bound KRAS better than the original Irbesartan.
Impact socio-économique de conflit communautaire dans le territoire de Kwamouth de juin 2022 à nos jours
Authors: KINATA Flore
Published: April 2024

Le conflit Teke-Yaka dans le secteur Twa, territoire de Kwamouth crée par les politiques du terroir a impacté complètement la vie des paisibles citoyens qui ne vivaient que de l’économie de subsistance (agriculture au sens large et le petit commerce). La paralysie économique et administrative tant étatique que para étatique a perturbé non seulement les activités des paysans mais, aussi les traces de la comptabilité étatique, surtout que l’archivage électronique n’existe pas. Le népotisme, la xénophobie, le tribalisme et régionalisme n’ont fait qu’occasionner des pertes surtout les plans de la vie dans ce territoire qu’un seul secteur. Mots clés: Impact, Socio-économique, Conflit communautaire
Correlation study in growth parameters of Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) and physiological parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) in agroforestry system
Authors: S R KAREEKATTI , M B DODDAMANI , ANTONY EDNA , M P POTDAR , R CHAUHAN
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was conducted to study the tree crop interaction considering the Pongamia (Pongamiapinnata) tree morphological characteristics and physiological parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) inagroforestry system. The experiment was conducted during kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21 in "T" block, Agroforestryexperimental fields of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus which is located at 15° 26' North latitude and75° 0' East longitude, with an elevation (altitude) of 678 m above mean sea level. Pongamia pinnata provenance's growthand volume observations were recorded. They included tree height, tree girth, canopy cover and number of branches etc.Two years pooled data recorded maximum values in treatment (T1) RAK-1 (Rahuri Karanja-1) + black gram followed by(T9) RAK-9 + black gram which is on par with (T6) RAK-7 + black gram. Lowest values recorded in (T8) RAK-9 + blackgram which is on par with (T4) RAK-4 + black gram. Whereas the growth parameters of black gram like leaf area duration(LAD), absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR) and dry matter accumulation recorded under Pongamiaprovenances which showed opposite trend because of the fluctuations of light and mutual shading of the crops within or inbetween rows, frequent overcast due to clouds as a common phenomenon during tropical and sub-tropical monsoonscausing regular fluctuation of sunlight. The treatment (T11) sole crop showed the maximum value, followed by (T8) RAK-9 + black gram and (T4) RAK4 + black gram and lowest value was recorded at (T1) RAK-1 + black gram treatment. Solelegumes recorded maximum AGR. CGR, LAD and dry matter accumulation were also found to have highest significantpositive correlation with seed yield.
Does Ownership Structure and Financial Health Affect Firm’s Earnings Quality? Evidence from Emerging Economy
Authors: Abbas Asad , Saeed Asif , Abbas Asad
Published: April 2024

Earnings quality is a demanding attribute of firm and is valued by investors in resource allocation decisions. High earnings quality firms create value for stakeholders and poor earnings quality causes value deterioration.  This study takes into account earnings quality attributes of Pakistani corporate sector and investigates impact of ownership structure and financial health on firms’ earnings quality. Earnings quality has been measured by four attributes of accrual quality, earnings persistence, earnings predictability, earnings smoothness. A sample of 325 non-financial PSX listed Firms have been selected and classified into four unique categories on the basis of financial health (healthy and distressed) and ownership (family and non-family). The classification aims to determine level of earnings quality for each category. Results find significant effect of book financial position and ownership structure on earnings quality of firms. Findings reveal Earnings quality for non distressed family (NDF) firms was highest followed by non distressed non family firms (NDNF), while earnings quality for distressed family (DF) firms was poor and poorer for distressed non family (DNF) firms when firms were classified into these four categories. These results provide important implications for investors, analysts, regulators and standard setters.
Conversion and Revitalization of Buddhist Otera in Japan: A Religiosity-Historicity Study
Authors: Sulastri Tetet , Alleynisa Diva
Published: April 2024

This research examines the conversion of function which is also known as the revitalization of Buddhist Otera in Japan through religiosity-historicity studies. It is important to use the religiosity-historicity study to examine two important aspects, namely the religiosity aspect because this is related to the traditional functions of the religious practices of Buddhists in Japan, and the historicity aspect because this event has developed far and even concerns tourism issues in Japan. The aims of this research were formulated 1) to describe the concept of Otera life from the aspect of Buddhism as part of a religious phenomenon in Japanese history, and 2) to find the conceptual reasons for the transition from Otera Buddhism to accommodation with a religious nuance for tourism purposes. The research method applied is qualitative descriptive research, while the source of data is library research and review by utilizing documents related to the research topic using exploratory theory. The research results show that the conversion of Otera Buddha to Hera-Taka accommodation with the Omotenashi concept does not leave the essence of Otera for the community to maintain the religious values they adhere to. The transition from Otera Buddha to accommodation with the Omotenashi concept offers three different service spaces, namely public space, private space and sacred space. Public space omotenashi is a hospitality service in the form of a room that can be used by visiting guests. Omotenashi in private spaces takes the form of room service by looking at the layout, decoration of facilities and infrastructure in the room. Omotenashi in sacred spaces is a service provided when guests visit Otera with various rules that must be followed in order to respect the space because it is related to elements of belief.
Generative AI in Academic Research: A Descriptive Study on Awareness, Gender Usage, and Views among Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Nyaaba Matthew , Kyeremeh Patrick , Majialuwe Eric Kojo , Owusu-fordjour Collins , Asebiga Esther , A-ingkonge Barnabas
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the engagement of Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) with Generative AI (GAI) tools in their research projects, focusing on their awareness, source of awareness, usage pattern based on gender, and views of GAI tools in academic research. We adopted a descriptive survey method to collect data from one hundred and four PSTs across five institutions in Ghana using a five-point Likert-type survey instrument, which included an open-ended question. The quantitative data were analyzed using means, frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that PSTs are familiar with GAI tools, especially ChatGPT and Google Bard. They learned about these tools through personal searches, recommendations from friends, and social media platforms. The PSTs used these tools in writing all chapters of their research projects, with the Introduction Chapter being the most common area of application, followed by the Discussion and Findings Chapter, the Literature Review Chapter, Methodology, and Summary and Conclusion. We also identified a significant gender disparity in the use of GAI tools, with male PSTs exhibiting a higher frequency of use compared to their female counterparts. Nonetheless, both genders expressed a positive attitude towards GAI tools in academic research, noting among other benefits that these tools provided them with confidence and independence in their research writing. However, they also recognized inaccuracies in the information provided by GAI tools, which led to skepticism about relying solely on these tools for their research projects. Consequently, they expressed a preference for support from their research supervisors, highlighting the importance of a balanced approach that combines the use of GAI tools with human supervision in academic research. While we recommend the integrating of GAI tools in teacher education programs, we strongly suggest that such integration should be complemented with comprehensive guidance on how these tools can be effectively used by PSTs to conduct original and advanced research.
Visual Analysis of Sanyinjiao(SP6) Studies Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Feng Jingru , Liu Yangjie , Wang Ruobing , Yin Lili
Published: April 2024

Objective To conduct a visual analysis of literature around the Sanyinjiao (SP6), and to explore the research process, hot spots and future development trend of the Sanyinjiao (SP6) in the past 20 years. Methods CNKI was used as the data source, and the basic and clinical research literature collected from January 2000 to December 2022 were visually analyzed by using citespace software, and the relevant maps of keywords, authors and institutions were drawn. Results  In the basic study, 287 articles were included, and 9 keywords were clustered, with the highest acupuncture centrality (0.46), the author with the highest number of publications was Zhu Jiang (33 articles), and the institution with the largest number of publications was the School of Acupuncture and Tuina of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (42 articles). The clinical study included 1794 articles, and 9 keyword clusters were obtained, Yinlingquan had the highest centrality (0.46), the authors with the most publications were Zhu Jiang, Wang Pei, Hu Shangqing, Ma Yuxia (7 articles), and the institution with the largest number of publications was Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (59 articles). Conclusion   The dynamics and trends of the number of literature changes in basic and clinical research are revealed, and the research content and research hotspots of Sanyinjiao(SP6) in basic and clinical applications are analyzed.
Unlocking the Secrets: Digging the Mystery of Rationalized Knowledge Hiding in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
Authors: Rashid Khurshid
Published: April 2024

Purpose – Knowledge hiding has become a buzzword in developing countries, with the help of behavioral reasoning theory the key purpose of current research is to explore ‘reasons for’ behind the adoption of Rationalized Knowledge Hiding behavior by the top-level faculty members of higher education institutions.
Study Design/Methodology/Approach–Six in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the sample purposefully selected from one of the largest universities of lower south Punjab, Pakistan, to identify the top-level faculty member’s intentions behind the rationalized knowledge hiding.
Findings - Based on thematic content analysis, the findings of current research revealed five majors ‘reasons for’ top-level individuals’ rationalized knowledge hiding in higher education institutions.
Practical Implications – Higher education institutions can use this qualitative research’s findings to understand the major reasons “for” top-level individuals’ rationalized knowledge hiding from their coworkers. Moreover, this study provides some constructive guidelines to higher education institutions and senior faculty members which can provide a brief understanding of rationalized knowledge hiding.
Study limitations – One of the major limitations is that the results of the research are not to be generalized to a large population. Second, this study utilized the purposeful convenient sampling method, so the research only gives highlights of rationalized knowledge hiding acceptance among academic faculty at the top level. Third, this study solely looks at behavioral patterns in the context of the south Punjab culture in Pakistan.
Originality/Novelty – To the best of the author's knowledge, no prior study has used a qualitative analysis to examine rationalized knowledge-hiding behavior in the setting of higher education institutions. In addition, this qualitative research revealed five major reasons “for” top-down rationalized knowledge hiding in HEIs by senior faculty and it is a great contribution to knowledge management literature.
The social and pedagogical aspects of improving cooperation among young school children
Authors: Abdullayeva Nurana
Published: April 2024

Thus, the necessity and possibility of including cooperation in the educational process is determined by expectations at different levels: teaching-methodical (technologies of educational cooperation, interactive training, etc.), social and pedagogical. This clearly follows from the new educational standards, which include the following among the outcomes of schoolchildren's education and upbringing. Thus, the educational activity of schoolchildren in the cooperative format meets these rules more than the traditional class-lesson system.
Factors affecting students’ learning success
Authors:   Bakı Qızlar Universiteti, Bakhishova Narmin
Published: April 2024

The concept of training success itself is quite broad, and certain difficulties arise in its interpretation. In the definition of this concept, according to O.A. Yashnova, success is mainly determined by the ability to choose the right position and tactics in critical situations [6]. In learning activities, a successful student is one who is able to overcome his fears, difficulties, confusion and disorganization, or, conversely, an excellent student who is anxious, tormented by the normative demands and expectations of others, cannot be classified as a successful student, in our opinion, because reading does not bring him joy or satisfaction.
Creating interest in programming lessons in young school children (scratch language)
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Aliyeva Elmira
Published: April 2024

Different from the traditional education system, according to the curriculum teaching form, the knowledge that the students will be able to apply in practice is preferred over the knowledge of mental perception. Currently, high school students are taught the Python programming language. In addition, Digital skills and Scratch programming language are taught to students through the platform.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Postoperative Quality of Life in Patients with Renal Cancer under the Continuing Care Model Based on the Omaha System
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Hua Lingna , Hong Xiaosi , Xu Xiaoqun , Huang Chunxia
Published: April 2024

Background: Scientific nursing is of great significance for improving negative emotions, self-management ability and quality of life of patients after cancer surgery. The Omaha system has been widely used in the field of care in many countries and regions, and although it helps to improve the quality of life of cancer patients after surgery, there are still large differences between different patients. This study examines factors affecting postoperative quality of life in renal cancer patients under the continuous care Omaha system, aiming to refine nursing plans. 
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 108 renal cancer patients undergoing radical treatment, all of whom received care via the Omaha system. The score for quality of life and the scores for Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) of patients with different baseline data were compared. 
Results: Patients with spouses as primary caregivers scored higher across psychological, physical, physiological, and societal dimensions of quality of life than those with children or others as caregivers (p < 0.001). Patients without underlying diseases have higher physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction total score for quality of life (compared to those with underlying diseases, p < 0.001), patients with clinical stage III have lower physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction, and total score for quality of life (compared to stage I/II, p < 0.001). The physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction, and total quality of life score for patients with medical or commercial insurance as the settlement method for medical expenses are higher (compared to self-funded, p < 0.001). In the SUPPH scale, the positive attitude score, stress reduction score, making decisions score, and total score were positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008, p < 0.001, respectively). In the SSRS scale, the objective support score, subjective support score, useless support score, and total score were positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (all p < 0.001). In the MCMQ scale, the confrontation score was positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001). The acceptance-resignation and avoidance scores were negatively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001). 
Conclusion: The quality of life of patients is not only affected by primary caregivers, underlying diseases, clinical staging, and medical expense settlement methods, but also positively correlated with self-efficacy and social support, and negatively correlated with coping styles.
Efficacy of the Craniopharyngioma Resection via Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach in the Treatment of Complex Craniopharyngioma and Its Effect on Pituitary Function and Complications of Patients
Authors: Bu Xiongjian
Published: April 2024

Background: Surgical resection is the most effective method for craniopharyngioma, with complex operations and a high incidence of complications, especially for complex craniopharyngioma. The study focuses on selecting a proper surgical method to treat complex craniopharyngioma. A clinical study was conducted in this direction to explore the efficacy of expanded endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETS) and transcranial approach (TCA) in the treatment of complex craniopharyngioma and their effects on pituitary function and complications of patients.   
Methods: The clinical data of 73 patients with complex craniopharyngioma in Baoding No.2 Central Hospital from December 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 13 patients who did not meet the admission criteria were excluded, and 60 patients were finally included. The included patients were divided into the TCA and EETS groups according to the treatment method. The surgical conditions, total tumor resection rate, clinical remission rate, and complications of patients in two groups were compared. The pituitary function of all patients, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and human growth hormone (hGH), was compared.   
Results: A total of 60 patients were finally included in the study, including 30 cases in the EETS group and 30 cases in the TCA group. The two groups had no statistical difference in baseline demographic characteristics and pathological types (p > 0.05). Compared with the TCA group, the EETS group had less intraoperative blood loss, operation time, tumor resection time, and hospitalization time (p < 0.001) and had a significantly higher total tumor resection rate and clinical remission rate (p < 0.05). The EETS group had higher ACTH and hGH levels than the TCA group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups incidence of complications and disease recurrence rate (p > 0.05).   
Conclusion: The craniopharyngioma resection via EETS has a significant therapeutic effect in complex craniopharyngioma with a high total tumor resection rate and clinical remission rate, which can protect the pituitary function of patients and provide more benefits for patients.
To Compare the Anesthetic Effect of Remimazolam and Propofol in Painless Hysteroscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Gao Fei , Xie Yanjun , Zhu Hengwei , Chen Chen , Fu Hongyan
Published: April 2024

Objective: Hysteroscopic surgery will stimulate the autonomic nerves innervating the uterus, causing intense discomfort and pain in the examined person, and in severe cases, it will cause blood pressure drop, heart rate slowing, arrhythmia and even cardiac arrest, so most patients need anesthetic intervention. This study to retrospectively compare the anesthetic effect of remimazolam and propofol in minimally invasive painless hysteroscopic surgery and to explore the safety and efficacy of remimazolam. 
Methods: The clinical data of 110 female patients who underwent painless hysteroscopic minimally invasive surgery in our hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 were collected. The patients were divided into the remimazolam group (group R, n = 55) and the propofol group (group P, n = 55) according to the main anesthetic drugs used during the operation. The changes in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate (RR) at the time of entry (T0), modified vigilance/sedation score (MOAA/S) 0 (T1), cervical dilation (T2), end of the operation (T3) and anesthesia recovery (T4) were compared between the two groups. Anesthesia induction time, operation time, and anesthesia recovery time were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. 
Results: HR, MAP, and SpO2 in group R were significantly higher than those in group P at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in RR between the two groups (p > 0.05). HR, MAP, and SpO2 at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those at T0 in group R (p < 0.05), and RR at different time points in the group had no significant difference (p > 0.05). HR, MAP, and SpO2 at T1, T2, T3, and T4 were significantly lower than those at T0 in group P (p < 0.01), and RR at different time points in the same group had no significant difference (p > 0.05). The anesthesia induction time in group R was more prolonged than in group P, and the anesthesia recovery time in group R was shorter than in group P (p < 0.05). The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia, low oxygen saturation, respiratory depression, and injection pain in group R were significantly lower than those in group P (p < 0.05). 
Conclusion: Intravenous induction of remimazolam at 6 mg·kg-1·h-1 and maintenance of anesthesia at 1–2 mg·kg-1·h-1 have less effect on hemodynamics, faster recovery time and lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with propofol when used in minimally invasive hysteroscopic surgery. Remimazolam can be safely and effectively used in this kind of surgery.
Implications of Pretreatment Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels and Perineural Invasion with Staging, Prognosis, and Management in Stage I-III Colon Cancer after Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Li , Sun Ruirui , Gao Jian , Liu Tingting
Published: April 2024

Background: Pretreatment levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and perineural invasion (PNI) are related to poor prognosis in colon cancer. We analyzed the CEA and PNI (defined as incorporation of carcinoembryonic antigen and perineural invasion (CP)-stage), which are included in the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), and evaluated the survival prognosis of patients treated with surgery in I-III stage colon carcinoma. 
Materials and Methods: We employed a retrospective study for eligible colon carcinoma patients obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier curve and Multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze different TNM-CP stages for the cancer-specific survival (CSS) probabilities in colon cancer. 
Result: In our study, CEA levels and PNI were significant prognostic factors (p < 0.05), and the newly proposed CP-stage was an independent prognostic index in stage I-III colon carcinoma after surgery. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that CP1-stage was related to a 63.9% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 1.639, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.544–1.739, p < 0.001), compared with CP0-stage in colon cancer. In respective TNM stages, the CP0-stage had an advantage over the CP1-stage for CSS (p < 0.001). Moreover, CP1-stage patients with node-negative colon cancer were contacted with similar or worse survival in comparison to CP0-stage patients with node-positive. 
Conclusion: For postoperative patients with stage I-III colon cancer, our study indicated that the CP stage is a significant prognostic factor for CSS, which deserves more clinical attention. It's worth noting that including the CP stage in the AJCC TNM staging system of colon carcinoma is beneficial to the survival prediction and clinical treatment.
The Intraperitoneal Use of Cephazolin: A Novelty in the Prevention of Intra-abdominal Abscess after Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children
Authors: Frediani Simone , Aloi Ivan Pietro , Krzysztofiak Andrzej , D’Angelo Tommaso , Bertocchini Arianna , Madafferi Silvia , Accinni Antonella , Pardi Valerio , Inserra Alessandro
Published: April 2024

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy followed by postoperative intravenous (IV) antibiotics is the standard of care for acute appendicitis and postoperative prevention of intra-abdominal abscesses. The aim of or study was to determine if intraperitoneal irrigation with antibiotics could help prevent intra-abdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients. 
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive pediatric patients with acute appendicitis who had appendectomy in our Pediatric Surgery Department between August 2020 and February 2022. We compared two groups with similar age and symptoms. The first group (A) was treated with the normal standard of care, i.e., laparoscopic appendectomy and postoperative IV antibiotic therapy. For the second group (B) intraperitoneal cefazoline irrigation was added at the end of the laparoscopic procedure. Postoperative intra-abdominal abscess was diagnosed with ultrasound examination, performed after clinical suspicion/abnormal blood test results. 
Results: One hundred sixty patients (males:females 109:51; median age 10.5 years [range 3–17 years]) who had laparosopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis were included, 82 in group A and 78 in group B. In the first 7 days after surgery, 18 patients in group and 5 in group B developed an intra-abdominal abscess (p < 0.005). Drains were positioned in 38 patients in group A vs. 9 in group B. One patient in group A had a different complication which was infection of the surgical incision. 
Conclusions: Intraperitoneal cefazoline irrigation at the end of the laparoscopic appendectomy in pediatric patients significantly reduces the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses
INSECURITY AND HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ijirshar Victor Ushahemba , Gbaka Solomon , Tar Vivian Mneuter
Published: April 2024

The persistent issue of the insecurity menace has become a scholarly concern that propelled this study to examine the influence of insecurity on household welfare in Nigeria for the period 1986 to 2022 using the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model. Empirical findings reveal a significant and negative influence of insecurity on household consumption and income in Nigeria in the long run. The study concludes that insecurity detrimentally affects household welfare, prompting several recommendations. The study suggested comprehensive policies that are essential for addressing insecurity, emphasizing the imperative role of law enforcement and security forces. The study further suggested strengthening the national security infrastructure through technological advancements and interagency coordination and fostering resilience at the community level by supporting local security initiatives and collaboration with traditional leaders. The study also suggested the immediate implementation of social safety nets, including conditional cash transfers for vulnerable households, palliatives for affected areas, efficient food aid distribution, and the establishment of local police to eradicate insecurity.
Outpatient department development in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic, Koh Phangan hospital, Surat Thani province, Thailand
Authors: Pattanaporkrattana Worawut , Sang Suriya , Sopon Anchana
Published: April 2024

Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a huge impact on society including medical and public health service systems. It has also caused health care providers to be focused on adjusting the health service system of various departments to obtain patients’ satisfaction and to provide safety for both providers and service recipients.Objectives: This action research aimed to develop outpatient department (OPD) and compared the differences in satisfactory level before and after developing OPD in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic, Koh Phangngan Hospital, Suratthani Province.Methods: 4 steps were operated to OPD development: (1) Plan (2) Action (3) Observe and (4) Reflection. 310 samples were responded the satisfy questionnaire before and after developing OPD. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, minimum, maximum and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the differences.Results: Findings revealed that the setup of OPD improved the surroundings with symbols, signages and directions for social distancing of COVID-19 measure. Service system set up with KIOSK, face recognition, thermos scan and home delivery of medications were implemented. The average satisfaction scores before and after developing OPD was with statistically significant difference (Mean difference =-5.2 95%CI: -5.6 to -4.8).Conclusion: Service recipients received good quality services from OPD in accordance with the measures to prevent Covid-19 infection, and they were satisfied with the service system.
Magnitude and associated factors of postnatal care service utilization among postpartum mothers in Banke district, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Khadka Mishra Durga , Khanal Shankar prasad , Adhikary Pratik , Marahatta Sujan babu , Baral Sushila , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Pandeya Pawan , Pandey Sony , Shrestha Nilima , Sharma Nupur
Published: April 2024

Background: Postnatal care is a care provided to postpartum mothers after the delivery of child for at least 42 days. Postnatal care services play an important role in improving maternal and newborn health and prevent long- term complications.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the utilization of postnatal care services among postpartum mothers in Janaki rural municipality of Banke district.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 postpartum mothers who had children less than 12 months. Proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to reach the sample. Interview schedule as structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v.16. Descriptive statistics was computed to describe socio-demographic profile of participants and factors related to postnatal care utilization. Univariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify the most independent factors related postnatal care utilization.
Result: A total of 203 postpartum mothers who had child less than 12 months were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of the low postnatal service utilization was 82%. The mean age with standard deviation of the respondents was 24.55+ 3.95. There was no statistical association between postnatal care utilization and sociodemographic variables. No health service received after delivery (p<0.001) was found statistically significant with low utilization of postnatal care services.
Conclusion: The study concluded that low utilization of the postnatal care services was high. Providing awareness on importance of postnatal care services during antenatal care visit and increasing the availability and accessibility of health care to postnatal women is crucial. Strengthening the health services and empowering the mother’s groups to increase postnatal care services is a key intervention to increase services.
Competency and factor associated with recruitment of community public health professional personnel in public health organization in Thailand
Authors: Thammasarn Krittiyanee , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Bangchuad Paisan , Boukam Tasanee , Timtub Anak , Hawhere Sauyba , Paotui Mana
Published: April 2024

Background: The development of health manpower is an important issue for the aim of the population to receive health services with quality, efficiency, and equity. Thus, it is necessary to have a plan to create public health academics who are capable in applying academic knowledge and managing tasks that are assigned to them effectively in planning, evaluation, and research development to be consistent with the changing situations at present.
Objectives: This cross-sectional study was aimed to describe the situation, distribution, job characteristics, competency and identify factors associated with recruitment in public health organization of community public health professional in Thailand.
Method: A total of 2,085 community public health professional staff were selected by multi-stage random sampling method to response the self-administered structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with recruitment in public health organization among community public health professional in Thailand.
Results: The results indicated that among 2,085 community public health professionals, factors associated with recruitment in public health organizations were; Bachelor of Public Health graduates (AOR=4.81, 95% CI: 2.99-7.76; P-value  < 0.001), Bachelor of Science (Public Health) graduates (AOR=3.46, 95% CI: 2.06 – 5.84; P-value  < 0.001), working in community hospital (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.43 - 2.75; P-value  < 0.001), work characteristics were corresponds with their degrees (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.12 - 2.47; P-value  < 0.001), graduated from public health college (AOR=5.27, 95% CI: 3.42 - 8.13; P-value  < 0.001), graduated from public university (AOR=3.71, 95% CI: 2.41 - 5.72; P-value  < 0.001), graduated from Rajabhat University (AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.00 - 2.02; P-value  < 0.001), organization had position (AOR=2.49, 95% CI: 2.05 - 3.04; P-value  < 0.001), organization employed correspondent with the graduated field (AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.04; P-value  < 0.001) and employed close to the graduated field (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.40; P-value  < 0.001) respectively.
Conclusion:     Community public health professional personnel suggested that their profession development should be supported by promoting to a higher position with the same position code.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum: fetal and maternal complications in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Mahato Sweta , Shrestha Abha , Younjan Sanjeev , Mahato Anamika , Mahaseth Adarsha , Gautam Resham
Published: April 2024

Background:  Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a syndrome that occurs in the first half of pregnancy and is manifested by severe vomiting. The vomiting can cause weight loss, dehydration, ketonuria and electrolyte imbalances. Several studies have evaluated the outcome of pregnancies 'complicated' by nausea and vomiting. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between the clinical course, obstetric complications and birth outcome in pregnant women with HG, and to determine the epidemiological characteristics of these women.
Objective: To evaluate maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes among women with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Method:  A total of 75(case)i.e. pregnancy with hyperemesis and 75(control) i.e. women with normal pregnancy without hyperemesis were studied. A case control study was conducted in Dhulikhel hospital in Nepal. It was a hospital-based study and the data were collected during 10th August 2022 to 1st May 2023. The pre-structured questionnaire was used for history taking and examination of all participants.
Result: This study identified that maternal and fetal complications were higher in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. The maternal complications like Hypertensive Disorders (OR 2.49, 95%CI :1.04-5.94, P=0.031), Anemia (OR 2.07, 95%CI:1.07-4.02, P=0.031), Preterm Labor (OR 2.28, 95%CI:1.15-4.52, P=0.018), PPH (OR 2.65, 95%CI:1.07-6.54, P=0.036) and P-v leaking (OR 0.89, 95%CI: 0.36-2.25) were associated more with the pregnancies complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum. The fetal complications like low birth weight (OR 2.42, 95%CI :1.07-5.43, P=0.03), NICU admission (OR 3.27, 95%CI:1.48-7.25, P=0.003), low APGAR score (OR 2.32, 95%CI:1.05-5.11, P=0.034) and Neonatal Death (OR 3.72, 95%CI:1.15-12.01, P=0.04) were associated more with pregnancies complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Conclusion: The women with hyperemesis gravidarum were found to have increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. Thus, timely identification and management of hyperemesis is recommended to prevent long term complications.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents: A cross-sectional study in urban area of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Nilima , Marahatta Sujan Babu , Tamang Shanta Man , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Sharma Nupur , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Anupama , Pandey Sony , Shrestha Luna , Shrestha Inkat , Baral Sushila , Pandeya Pawan
Published: April 2024

Background: Overweight and obesity constitute a mounting global public health concern in middle to lower socioeconomic countries like Nepal. The contemporary shifts in nutrition patterns and swift urbanization have introduced overweight and obesity as an additional challenge to the persistently prevalent issue of under nutrition among adolescents. Many low- and middle-income countries are facing a dual burden of disease, struggling to address both under nutrition and over nutrition.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among late adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on two public and two private schools of Tarkeshwor municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. A random sample of 366 school going students aged 16-19 years and grade 11 and 12 were selected in the Tarkeshwor municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. Cluster sampling technique was used to reach the respondents. STEPS survey questionnaire, National sleep foundation questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall were used as data collection tools.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.7% and 10.7% respectively. Factors associated with overweight and obesity included being female (AOR: 1.99,95% CI: 1.21-3.26), junk food intake per week (AOR: 2.73, 95% C.I: 1.34-5.58), and absence of play yard at home (AOR: 2.36, 95% C.I: 1.59-4.09). However, vegetable intake per week (AOR: 0.42, 95% C.I: 0.13-0.80) has been found to be associated with significant reduction of overweight and obesity.
Conclusion: Female in gender, junk food and absence of play yard at home were found to be contributing to the overweight and obesity in Nepal. Raising awareness about the negative effects of junk food, promoting healthy diets, implementing policies are key to prevention.
Perspectives on fluid overload management among caregivers of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Ummee Kanyanat , Rerkkasem Kittipan , Wungrath Jukkrit
Published: April 2024

Background: Fluid overload is a significant problem often encountered in patients with end-stage renal disease. If not properly managed, it can have multiple adverse effects on a patient's health or may even be life-threatening.
Objectives: This qualitative study explored the perspectives of caregivers concerning fluid overload management in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: Eighteen caregivers, selected based on direct caregiving responsibilities and willingness to share their experiences were interviewed at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, from January to April 2022. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. Thematic content analysis revealed varying degrees of knowledge and misconceptions among caregivers about fluid management strategies.
Results: Some participants demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of dietary modifications, medication adherence, and lifestyle adjustments, recognizing their importance in maintaining fluid balance. However, gaps and misconceptions were identified with some caregivers lacking knowledge of specific strategies or believing that solely restricting fluid intake was sufficient. Participants underscored the pivotal role of healthcare professionals in guiding and supporting them emphasized the need for clear instructions, educational materials, and continuous communication.
Conclusion: The findings highlighted the need to improve caregivers' knowledge and understand the significant role of healthcare providers in equipping caregivers with necessary information and skills. These insights can guide healthcare providers in tailoring education and support strategies to improve fluid overload management in ESRD patients. Further studies should explore the development and evaluation of targeted educational interventions for caregivers.
Evaluation of the phytochemical and nutritional value of the halophyte (Suaeda maritima)
Authors: Nungtala Tanaporn , Sakphisutthikul Chutikan
Published: April 2024

Background: Suaeda maritima, a halophyte recognized for its adaptability to saline environments, holds promise as a valuable resource in nutrition and health. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the nutritional composition and phytochemical content of Suaeda maritima, exploring its potential as a dietary resource and source of bioactive compounds.
Objectives: To analyze and compare the nutritional composition, phytochemical content, and antioxidant properties of fresh and dried Suaeda maritima samples. The investigation sought to determine the impact of the drying process on the plant's nutritive value and bioactive compounds.
Methods: Fresh and dried Suaeda maritima samples were recruited for nutritional analysis which includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, dietary fiber, minerals, and sodium content per 100 grams. Phytochemical content and antioxidant properties were assessed through total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant assays (DPPH and TBARS).
Results: The results indicated that Suaeda maritima possesses significant nutritional value which contains carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, essential minerals, and low-fat content in fresh and dried forms. Importantly, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between fresh and dried samples regarding macronutrients and minerals, suggesting effective preservation of nutritional value during drying. However, notable distinctions were found in the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties. Fresh Suaeda maritima exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids than dried samples. Additionally, DPPH and TBARS assays identified that the antioxidant activities were more noticeable in fresh samples and allow to understand their health-promoting potential.
Conclusion: Suaeda maritima demonstrated substantial nutritional value with significant levels of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, essential minerals, and minimal fat content. The drying process effectively preserved its nutritional composition but it reduced phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. Careful consideration of processing techniques is essential to maximize the retention of health-promoting compounds, especially for applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.