bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twenty-four-hour cloud cover calculation using a ground-based imager with machine learning
Authors: Kim Bu-Yo , Cha Joo Wan , Chang Ki-Ho
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In this study, image data features and machine learning methods were used to calculate 24 h continuous cloud cover from image data obtained by a camera-based imager on the ground. The image data features were the time (Julian day and hour), solar zenith angle, and statistical characteristics of the red–blue ratio, blue–red difference, and luminance. These features were determined from the red, green, and blue brightness of images subjected to a pre-processing process involving masking removal and distortion correction. The collected image data were divided into training,
validation, and test sets and were used to optimize and evaluate the
accuracy of each machine learning method. The cloud cover calculated by each machine learning method was verified with human-eye observation data from a manned observatory. Supervised machine learning models suitable for
nowcasting, namely, support vector regression, random forest, gradient
boosting machine, k-nearest neighbor, artificial neural network, and multiple linear regression methods, were employed and their results were compared. The best learning results were obtained by the support vector regression model, which had an accuracy, recall, and precision of 0.94, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively. Further, bias, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient values of 0.04 tenths, 1.45 tenths, and 0.93, respectively, were obtained for the cloud cover calculated using the test set. When the difference between the calculated and observed cloud cover was allowed to range between 0, 1, and 2 tenths, high agreements of approximately 42 %, 79 %, and 91 %, respectively, were obtained. The proposed system involving a ground-based imager and machine learning methods is expected to be suitable for application as an automated system to replace human-eye observations.
Quantification and mitigation of the airborne limb imaging FTIR GLORIA instrument effects and uncertainties
Authors: Ungermann Jörn , Kleinert Anne , Maucher Guido , Bartolomé Irene , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Johansson Sören , Krasauskas Lukas , Neubert Tom
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is an infrared imaging FTS spectrometer with a 2-D infrared detector operated on two high flying research aircrafts. It has flown on eight campaigns and measured along more than 300 000 km of flight track. This paper details our instrument calibration and characterization efforts, which in particular leverage almost exclusively in-flight data. First, we present the framework of our new calibration scheme, which uses information from all three available calibration measurements (two blackbodies and upward pointing deep space measurements). Part of this scheme is a new correction algorithm correcting the erratically changing non-linearity of a subset of detector pixels and the identification of remaining bad pixels. Using this new calibration, we derive a 1-σ bound of 1 % on the instrumental gain error and a bound of 30 nW cm−2 sr−1 cm on the instrumental offset error. We show how we can examine the noise and spectral accuracy for all measured atmospheric spectra and derive a spectral accuracy of 5 ppm, on average. All these errors are compliant with the initial instrument requirements. We also discuss, for the first time, the pointing system of the GLORIA instrument. Combining laboratory calibration efforts with the measurement of astronomical bodies during the flight, we can derive a pointing accuracy of 0.032°, which corresponds to one detector pixel. The paper concludes with a brief study on how these newly characterised instrumental parameters affect temperature and ozone retrievals. We find that, first, the pointing uncertainty and, second, the instrumental gain uncertainty introduce the largest error in the result.
Horizontal distribution of tropospheric NO2 and aerosols derived by dual-scan multi-wavelength MAX-DOAS measurements in Uccle, Belgium
Authors: Dimitropoulou Ermioni , Hendrick Francois , Friedrich Martina Michaela , Tack Frederik , Pinardi Gaia , Merlaud Alexis , Fayt Caroline , Hermans Christian , Fierens Frans , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Dual-scan ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and aerosols have been carried out in Uccle (50.8° N, 4.35° E; Brussels region, Belgium) for two years, from March 2018 to February 2020. The MAX-DOAS instrument has been operating in both UV and Visible wavelength ranges in a dual-scan configuration consisting of two sub-modes: (1) an elevation scan in a fixed viewing azimuthal direction and (2) an azimuthal scan in a fixed low elevation angle (2°). By analyzing the O4 and NO2 dSCDs at six different wavelength intervals along every azimuthal direction and by applying a new Optimal-Estimation-based inversion approach, the horizontal distribution of the NO2 near-surface concentrations and vertical column densities (VCDs) and the aerosols near-surface extinction coefficient are retrieved along ten azimuthal directions. The retrieved horizontal NO2 concentration profiles allow the identification of the main NO2 hotspots in the Brussels area. Correlative comparisons of the retrieved horizontal NO2 distribution have been conducted with airborne, mobile, and satellite datasets, and overall a good agreement is found. The comparison with TROPOMI observations reveals that the characterization of the horizontal distribution of tropospheric NO2 VCDs by ground-based measurements, the appropriate sampling of TROPOMI pixels, and an adequate a priori NO2 profile shape in TROPOMI retrievals lead to a better consistency between satellite and ground-based datasets.
Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation
Authors: Freilich Mara , Mignot Alexandre , Flierl Glenn , Ferrari Raffaele
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Recent observations have shown that phytoplankton biomass increases in the North Atlantic during winter, even when the mixed layer is deepening and
light is limited. Current theories suggest that this is due to a release from grazing pressure. Here we demonstrate that the often-used grazing
models that are linear at low phytoplankton concentration do not allow for a wintertime increase in phytoplankton biomass. However, mathematical formulations of grazing as a function of phytoplankton concentration that are quadratic at low concentrations (or more generally
decrease faster than linearly as phytoplankton concentration decreases) can reproduce the fall to spring transition in phytoplankton, including
wintertime biomass accumulation. We illustrate this point with a minimal model for the annual cycle of North Atlantic phytoplankton designed to
simulate phytoplankton concentration as observed by BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats in the North Atlantic. This analysis provides a
mathematical framework for assessing hypotheses of phytoplankton bloom formation.
Late Neogene evolution of modern deep-dwelling plankton
Authors: Boscolo-Galazzo Flavia , Jones Amy , Dunkley Jones Tom , Crichton Katherine A. , Wade Bridget S. , Pearson Paul N.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The fossil record of marine microplankton provides insights into the evolutionary drivers which led to the origin of modern deep-water plankton, one of the largest component of ocean biomass. We use global abundance and biogeographic data combined with depth habitat reconstructions to determine the environmental mechanisms behind speciation in two groups of pelagic microfossils over the past 15 million years. We compare our microfossil datasets with water column profiles simulated in an Earth System model. We show that deep-living planktonic foraminiferal (zooplankton) and calcareous nannofossil (mixotroph phytoplankton) species were virtually absent globally during the peak of the middle Miocene warmth. Evolution of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera started from subpolar-midlatitude species during late Miocene cooling, via allopatry. Deep-dwelling species subsequently spread towards lower latitudes and further diversified via depth sympatry, establishing modern communities stratified hundreds of meters down the water column. Similarly, sub-euphotic zone specialist calcareous nannofossils become a major component of tropical and sub-tropical assemblages through the latest Miocene to early Pliocene. Our model simulations suggest that increased organic matter and oxygen availability for planktonic foraminifera, and increased nutrients and light penetration for nannoplankton, favored the evolution of new deep water niches. These conditions resulted from global cooling and the associated increase in the efficiency of the biological pump over the last 15 million years.
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: Comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Authors: Sun Shihan , Tai Amos P. K. , Yung David H. Y. , Wong Anthony Y. H. , Ducker Jason A. , Holmes Christopher D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Dry deposition is a key process for surface ozone (O3) removal. Stomatal resistance is a major component of O3 dry deposition, which is parameterized differently in current land surface models and chemical transport models. We developed and used a standalone terrestrial biosphere model, driven by a unified set of prescribed meteorology, to evaluate two widely used dry deposition modeling frameworks, Wesely (1989) and Zhang et al. (2003), with different configurations of stomatal resistance: 1) the default multiplicative method in each deposition scheme; 2) the traditional photosynthesis-based Farquhar-Ball-Berry (FBB) stomatal algorithm; 3) the Medlyn stomatal algorithm based on an optimization theory. We found that using the FBB stomatal approach that captures ecophysiological responses to environmental factors, especially to water stress, can generally improve the simulated dry deposition velocities compared with multiplicative schemes. The Medlyn stomatal approach produces higher stomatal conductance (reverse of stomatal resistance) than FBB and is likely to overestimate dry deposition velocities for major vegetation types, but its performance is greatly improved when spatially varying slope parameters based on annual mean precipitation are used. Large discrepancies were also found in simulated stomatal responses to rising CO2 levels, and that multiplicative stomatal method with an empirical CO2 response function produces reduction (−35 %) in global stomatal conductance, which is much larger than that with photosynthesis-based stomatal method (−14–19 %) when atmospheric CO2 level increases from 390 ppm to 550 ppm. Our results show the potential biases in O3 sink caused by errors in model structure especially in the Wesely dry deposition scheme, and the importance of using photosynthesis-based representation of stomatal resistance in dry deposition schemes under a changing climate and rising CO2 concentration.
Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave
Authors: Welte Caroline , Fohlmeister Jens , Wertnik Melina , Wacker Lukas , Hattendorf Bodo , Eglinton Timothy I. , Spötl Christoph
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Rapid and continuous analysis of radiocarbon (14C) concentration in
carbonate samples at spatial resolution down to 100 µm has been made
possible with the new LA-AMS (laser ablation accelerator mass spectrometry)
technique. This novel approach can provide radiocarbon data at a spatial
resolution similar to that of stable carbon (C) isotope measurements by
isotope ratio mass spectrometry of micromilled samples and, thus, can help
to interpret δ13C signatures, which otherwise are difficult to
understand due to numerous processes contributing to changes in the C-isotope
ratio. In this work, we analyzed δ13C and 14C on the
Holocene stalagmite SPA 127 from the high-alpine Spannagel Cave (Austria).
Both proxies respond in a complex manner to climate variability. Combined
stable carbon and radiocarbon profiles allow three growth
periods characterized by different δ13C signatures to be identified: (i) the
period 8.5 to 8.0 ka is characterized by relatively low δ13C
values with small variability combined with a comparably high radiocarbon
reservoir effect (expressed as dead carbon fraction, dcf) of around 60 %.
This points towards C contributions of host rock dissolution and/or from an
“old” organic matter (OM) reservoir in the karst potentially mobilized due
to the warm climatic conditions of the early Holocene. (ii) Between 8 and
3.8 ka there was a strong variability in δ13C with values ranging from
−8 ‰ to +1 ‰ and a generally lower dcf. The δ13C variability is most likely caused by changes in C exchange between
cave air CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon in drip water in the cave,
which are induced by reduced drip rates as derived from reduced stalagmite
growth rates. Additionally, the lower dcf indicates that the OM reservoir
contributed less to stalagmite growth in this period possibly as a result of
reduced meteoric precipitation or because it was exhausted. (iii) In the
youngest section between 3.8 and 2.4 ka, comparably stable and low
δ13C values, combined with an increasing dcf reaching up to
50 % again, hint towards a contribution of an aged OM reservoir in the
karst. This study reveals the potential of combining high-resolution
14C profiles in speleothems with δ13C records in order to
disentangle climate-related C dynamics in karst systems.
RHEA v1.0: Enabling fully coupled simulations with hydro-geomechanical heterogeneity
Authors: Bastías Espejo​​​​​​​ José M. , Wilkins Andy , Rau Gabriel C. , Blum Philipp
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Realistic modelling of tightly coupled hydro-geomechanical processes is relevant for the assessment of many hydrological and geotechnical applications. Such processes occur in geologic formations and are influenced by natural heterogeneity. Current numerical libraries offer capabilities and physics couplings that have proven to be valuable in many geotechnical fields like gas storage, rock fracturing and Earth resources extraction. However, implementation and verification of the full heterogeneity of subsurface properties using high-resolution field data in coupled simulations has not been done before. We develop, verify and document RHEA (Real HEterogeneity App), an open-source, fully coupled, finite-element application capable of including element-resolution hydro-geomechanical properties in coupled simulations. To extend current modelling capabilities of the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), we added new code that handles spatially distributed data of all hydro-geomechanical properties. We further propose a simple yet powerful workflow to facilitate the incorporation of such data to MOOSE. We then verify RHEA with analytical solutions in one and two dimensions and propose a benchmark semi-analytical problem to verify heterogeneous systems with sharp gradients. Finally, we demonstrate RHEA's capabilities with a comprehensive example including realistic properties. With this we demonstrate that RHEA is a verified open-source application able to include complex geology to perform scalable, fully coupled, hydro-geomechanical simulations. Our work is a valuable tool to assess challenging real-world hydro-geomechanical systems that may include different levels of complexity like heterogeneous geology and sharp gradients produced by contrasting subsurface properties.
The Effects of Ocean Surface Waves on Global Intraseasonal Prediction: Case Studies with a Coupled CFSv2.0-WW3
Authors: Shi Ruizi , Xu Fanghua , Liu Li , Fan Zheng , Yu Hao , Li Hong , Li Xiang , Zhang Yunfei
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ocean surface gravity waves have enormous effects on physical processes at the atmosphere–ocean interface. The effects of wave-related processes on global intraseasonal prediction were evaluated after we incorporated the WAVEWATCH III model into the Climate Forecast System model version 2.0 (CFSv2.0), with the Chinese Community Coupler version 2.0. Several major wave-related processes, including the Langmuir mixing, Stokes-Coriolis force with entrainment, air-sea fluxes modified by Stokes drift and momentum roughness length, were evaluated in two groups of 56-day experiments, one for boreal winter and the other for boreal summer. Comparisons were performed against in-situ buoys, satellite measurements and reanalysis data, to evaluate the influence of waves on intraseasonal prediction of sea surface temperature (SST), 2-m air temperature (T02), mixed layer depth (MLD), 10-m wind speed (WSP10) and significant wave height (SWH) in CFSv2.0. Overestimated SST and T02, as well as underestimated MLD in mid and high latitudes in summer from original CFSv2.0 are clearly improved, mainly due to enhanced vertical mixing generated by Stokes drift. The largest regional mean SST improvement reaches 35.89 % in the Southern Ocean. For WSP10 and SWH, the wave-related processes generally lead to reduction of biases in regions where wind speed and SWH are overestimated. The decreased SST caused by Stokes drift-related mixing stabilizes marine atmospheric boundary layer, weakens wind speed and then SWH. Compared with the NDBC buoy data, the overestimated WSP10 is improved by up to 13.52 % in boreal summer. The increased roughness length due to waves leads to some reduction in the originally overestimated wind speed and SWH, with the largest SWH improvement of 11.93 % and 20.05 % in boreal winter and summer respectively. The effects of Stokes drift and current on air-sea fluxes are investigated separately. Their overall effects on air-sea fluxes reduce the overestimated WSP10 by up to 17.31 % and 23.21 % in boreal winter and summer respectively. These cases are helpful for the future development of the two-way CFS-wave coupled system.
The control of climate sensitivity on variability and change of summer runoff from two glacierised Himalayan catchments
Authors: Laha Sourav , Banerjee Argha , Singh Ajit , Sharma Parmanand , Thamban Meloth
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The response of catchment runoff to climate forcing is determined by its climate sensitivity. We investigate the sensitivity of summer runoff to precipitation and temperature changes in winter-snow dominated Chandra (western Himalaya), and summer-rain dominated upper Dudhkoshi (eastern Himalaya) catchments in order to understand the nature of climate-change impact on the mean summer runoff and its variability. The runoff over the period 1980–2018 is simulated with a semi-distribute hydrologic model, which is calibrated using available discharge and glacier mass loss data. An analysis of the interannual variability of the simulated summer runoff reveals that the runoff from the glacierised parts of the catchments is sensitive to temperature changes, but is insensitive to precipitation changes. The behaviour of the summer runoff from the non-glacierised parts is exactly opposite. Such precipitation-independent runoff from the glacierised parts stabilises the catchment runoff against precipitation variability to some degree. With shrinking glacier cover over the coming decades, the summer runoff from the two catchments is expected become more sensitive to the precipitation forcing and less sensitive to the temperature forcing. Because of these competing effects, the impact of the glacier loss on the interannual variability of summer runoff may not be significant. However, the characteristic ‘peak water’ in the long-term mean summer runoff, which is caused by the excess meltwater released by the shrinking ice reserve, may lead to a detectable signal over the background interannual variability of runoff in these two catchments.
Influence of geometric attributes on friction coefficient in sheet metal stamping
Authors: Zhao Dewang , Zhao Kunmin , Song Huaihao , Ren Daxin , Chang Ying
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a test device to explore the influence of geometric attributes of the contact surface on a friction coefficient along with sliding speed and contact pressure. Friction tests were conducted on a third-generation high-strength steel QP980. The friction coefficients for different surface curvatures, contact pressures, and sliding speeds were calculated, and the influences of these factors were analyzed. The formula for calculating the friction coefficients between curved contact surfaces was derived. The relationship between bending-induced surface roughness increase and friction coefficient was established. An enhanced friction coefficient model with pressure, velocity, and curvature dependence was proposed. The enhanced friction model was applied to simulate the stamping of an automotive part, and a better correlation was achieved.
Dynamic Risk Assessment of Compound Hazards Based on VFS-IEM-IDM: A Case Study of Typhoon-Rainstorm Hazards in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Gong Wenwu , Jiang Jie , Yang Lili
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Typhoons and rainstorms are types of natural hazards that can cause significant impacts. These individual hazards may also occur simultaneously to produce compound hazards, leading to increased losses. The accurate risk assessment of such compound hazards faces several challenges due to the uncertainties in multiple hazards level evaluation, and the incomplete information in historical data sets. In this paper, to deal with these challenges, we propose a risk assessment model called VFS-IEM-IDM based on the Variable Fuzzy Set and Information Diffusion Method. In particular, VFS-IEM-IDM provides a comprehensive evaluation of the compound hazards level, and a predictive cumulative logistic model is used to verify the results. Furthermore, VFS-IEM-IDM applies a normal information diffusion estimator to estimate the conditional probability distribution and the vulnerability distribution of the compound hazards based on the hazards level, the hazards occurrence time, and the corresponding losses. To examine the efficacy of VFS-IEM-IDM, a case study of the Typhoon-Rainstorm hazards that occurred in Shenzhen, China is presented. The risk assessment results indicate that hazards of level Ⅱ mostly occur in August and October, while hazards of level Ⅲ often occur in September. The risk of the Typhoon-Rainstorm hazards differs in each month and in August and September the risk gets the highest value, and the estimated economic losses are around 114 million RMB and 167 million RMB respectively.
How to use empirical data to improve transportation infrastructure risk assessment
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Nirandjan Sadhana , Koks Elco
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Rainfall-induced hazards, such as landslides, debris flows, and floods cause significant damage to transportation infrastructure. However, an accurate assessment of rainfall-induced hazard risk to transportation infrastructure is limited by the lack of regional and asset-tailored vulnerability curves. This study aims to use multi-source empirical damage data to generate vulnerability curves and assess the risk of transportation infrastructure to rainfall-induced hazards. The methodology is exemplified through a case study for the Chinese national railway infrastructure. In doing so, regional and national-level vulnerability curves are derived based on historical railway damage records. This is combined with daily precipitation data and the railway infrastructure market value to estimate regional- and national-level risk. The results show large variations in the shape of the vulnerability curves across the different regions. The railway infrastructure in Northeast and Northwest China is more vulnerable to rainfall-induced hazards due to low protection standards. The expected annual damage (EAD) ranges from 1.88 to 5.98 billion RMB for the Chinese railway infrastructure, with a mean value of 3.91 billion RMB. However, the risk of railway infrastructure in China shows high spatial differences due to the spatially uneven precipitation characteristics, exposure distribution, and vulnerability curves. The South, East and Central provinces have a high risk to rainfall-induced hazards, resulting in an average EAD of 184 million RMB, 176 and 156 million RMB, respectively, whereas the risk in the Northeast and Northwest provinces are estimated to be relatively lower. The usage of multi-source empirical data offer opportunities to perform risk assessments that include spatial detail among regions. These risk assessments are highly needed in order to make effective decisions to make our infrastructure resilient.
ABWiSE v1.0: toward an agent-based approach to simulating wildfire spread
Authors: Katan Jeffrey , Perez Liliana
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Wildfires are a complex phenomenon emerging from interactions between air, heat, and vegetation, and while they are an important component of many ecosystems’ dynamics, they pose great danger to those ecosystems, as well as human life and property. Wildfire simulation models are an important research tool that help further our understanding of fire behaviour and can allow experimentation without recourse to live fires. Current fire simulation models fit into two general categories: empirical models and physical models. We present a new modelling approach that uses agent-based modelling to combine the complexity possible with physical models with the ease of computation of empirical models. Our model represents the fire front as a set of moving agents that respond to, and interact with, vegetation, wind, and terrain. We calibrate the model using two simulated fires and one real fire and validate the model against another real fire and the interim behaviour of the real calibration fire. Our model successfully replicates these fires, with a figure of merit on par with simulations by the Prometheus simulation model. Our model is a stepping-stone in using agent-based modelling for fire behaviour simulation, as we demonstrate the ability of agent-based modelling to replicate fire behaviour through emergence alone.
Past Evolution and Recent Changes in Western Europe Large-scale Circulation
Authors: Blanc Antoine , Blanchet Juliette , Creutin Jean-Dominique
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Detecting trends in regional large-scale circulation (LSC) is an important challenge as LSC is a key driver of local weather conditions. In this work, we investigate the past evolution of Western Europe LSC based on the 500 hPa geopotential height fields from 20CRv2c (1851–2010), ERA20C (1900–2010) and ERA5 (1950–2010) reanalyses. We focus on the evolution of large-scale circulation characteristics using three atmospheric descriptors that are based on analogy – characterizing the geopotential shape stationarity and how well a geopotential shape is reproduced in the climatology – together with a non-analogy descriptor accounting for the intensity of the centers of action. These descriptors were shown relevant to study precipitation extremes and variability in the Northwestern Alps in previous studies. Even though LSC characteristics and trends are consistent among the three reanalyses after 1950, we find major differences between 20CRv2c and ERA20C from 1900 to 1950 in accordance with previous studies. Notably, ERA20C produces flatter geopotential shapes in the beginning of the 20th century and shows a reinforcement of the meridional pressure gradient that is not observed in 20CRv2c. We then focus on the recent changes in LSC from 1950 to 2019 using ERA5. We combine the four atmospheric descriptors with an existing weather pattern classification to study the recent changes in the main atmospheric influences over France and Western Europe (Atlantic, Mediterranean, Northeast, Anticyclonic). We show that little changes are found in Northeast circulations. However, we show that Atlantic circulations (zonal flows) tend to become more similar to known Atlantic circulations in winter. Anticyclonic conditions tend to become more stationary in summer – a change that can potentially affect summer heatwaves. Furthermore, Mediterranean circulations tend to become more stationary, more similar to known Mediterranean circulations and associated with stronger centers of action in autumn, which could have implications for autumn extreme precipitation in the Mediterranean-influenced regions of the Southwestern Alps.
Las manadas en el paisaje de la pampa argentina. Un recorrido heterocrónico por imágenes visuales y literarias de los siglos XIX y XXI
Authors: López Piñeryo Hernán
Published: October 2021

Partiendo de un corpus de imágenes tomadas de las artes visuales y de la literatura argentinas del siglo XIX y de las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI, este trabajo analiza la presencia de las manadas en la pampa argentina en tanto que máquina mitológica que se contrapone a los mitos de las cautivas y el desierto. Así como estos últimos han sido funcionales a la configuración de la nación, los mitos de las manadas ponen en juego otras formas de estar juntos de los existentes y otros espacios. Las imágenes estudiadas permiten reflexionar acerca de la concepción de naturaleza y de paisaje. Las manadas son, según se sostiene a lo largo del artículo, figuras y máquinas mitológicas de una naturaleza no andrópica ni antrópica que muestran que el paisaje pampeano no es un desierto, es, en cambio, un campo de encuentros e interacciones múltiples.
La construcción simbólica de lo ecológico en los entornos urbanos. Un análisis desde la imagen
Authors: Sánchez-Moñita Rodríguez Miguel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo analiza la construcción estética del paisaje que emana de la simbología del capitalismo verde y explora la iconosfera de la fitofilia que ha pasado de las representaciones simbólicas ficticias a la realidad de los espacios urbanos. Realizaremos un recorrido través de la fotografía, desde una mirada artística, de los paisajes falsamente sostenibles que emergen de la construcción cultural de lo ecológico. El sistema de consumo se ha apropiado de la construcción iconográfica de lo verde para edificar un nuevo modelo económico con el que seguir creciendo. La sociedad digitalizada ha asumido esta falsa transición ecológica como un nuevo mito estético con el que renovar las narraciones de la sociedad de consumo.
Caparros Masegosa, Lola y Henares Cuellar, Ignacio: Las artes entre la dictadura de Primo de Rivera y el franquismo. Modelos de fomento y apreciación (1923-1959). Granada: Editorial Comares, 2018
Authors: Alcalá-Galiano Pareja Luis
Published: October 2021

Reseña de la obra de Caparros Masegosa, Lola y Henares Cuellar, Ignacio: Las artes entre la dictadura de Primo de Rivera y el franquismo. Modelos de fomento y apreciación (1923-1959). Granada: Editorial Comares, 2018
Hacia un cultivo expandido. Las ocupaciones botánicas de Vicky Benítez y otros modos ético-políticos de habitar
Authors: Alonso Christian
Published: October 2021

Este texto analiza el trabajo de la artista y jardinera Vicky Benítez en el marco del proyecto curatorial Polítiques del sòl («Políticas del suelo», Centre d’Art Maristany, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 2019-2020), y más allá de él. La exposición parte de una investigación en el territorio que se propone reflexionar críticamente acerca de las dinámicas geopolíticas, biopolíticas y necropolíticas que determinan la existencia, y ensayar modos de vida que no impliquen dinámicas opresivas. Vicky Benítez construye jardines de especies de plantas alóctonas con variedades listadas en el Catálogo Español de Especies Exóticas Invasoras, e inscribe los discursos biológicos de erradicación de lo invasivo y la protección de lo nativo en el contexto sociocultural más amplio. Pivotando alrededor de los jardines, la artista lleva a cabo actividades participativas, como recorridos de identificación y formación en usos de plantas adventicias comestibles, talleres de construcción de huertos urbanos y comidas populares con malas hierbas. Recurriendo a la ecosofía de Félix Guattari como paradigma de pensamiento ecológico que permite la proliferación de nuevas formas de sensibilidad, relación, organización y acción social, argumentamos que el valor de las ocupaciones botánicas de Benítez radica en tres aspectos interrelacionados. En primer lugar, operan como dispositivos que permiten examinar los procesos de construcción de otredad que justifican políticas de control, represión y exterminio de formas de vida humanas y no humanas. En segundo lugar, desarrollan nuevas formas de afecto, experimentación y sostenibilidad de formas de vida no antropocéntricas. Por último, se implican en un cultivo sociobiotécnico que facilita la emergencia de subjetividades relacionales, creativas y transformadoras.
Business interruption insurance and COVID-19: Coverage and issues and public policy implications.
Authors: Bisco Jill M. , Fier Stephen G. , Pooser David M.
Published: October 2021

This study provides a discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on business interruption losses in the U.S. as well as an overview of the commonly relied upon ISO Business Income and Extra Expense (BIEE) insurance policy. The authors offer an analysis of the language contained in the unendorsed BIEE and summarize the arguments as to why business interruption insurance should or should not cover pandemic-related losses. Finally, the authors provide an overview of proposed approaches to address business interruption losses attributed to current and future pandemics.
Consent to rate laws: A case study of the North Carolina homeowners insurance marketplace
Authors: Karl J. Bradley , Marlett David C. , Neale Faith Roberts , Anderson-Parson Jamie
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors discuss Consent to Rate (CTR) laws. These laws, found in many states, allow insurers in a given marketplace to charge a rate that differs from the approved rate if the insured completes the appropriate documentation consenting to the rate change. As such, CTR laws effectively allow for the circumvention of strict rate regulation laws by providing a way for insurers in highly regulated marketplaces (e.g., homeowners or automobile) to charge higher rates than those promulgated or approved by state insurance regulators.

The paper proceeds as follows. First, an overview of CTR laws and the impact on consumers. Next, a case study approach is used, using three neighboring states to provide detailed information on their rate regulation model and the extent of use of CTR law. Based on the experience of the three states, the authors find evidence that insurers leverage CTR laws to obtain rate increases when rates are suppressed by the rate approval process.
La relación entre la distancia del lanzamiento de pelota por lo alto y la velocidad máxima de la pelota del saque en los jugadores de tenis juniors elite
Authors: Dobos Károly , Nagykáldi Csaba
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación era probar la hipótesis que tiene una correlación positiva entre la distancia del lanzamiento de pelota por lo alto y la velocidad máxima de la pelota del saque de los jugadores de tenis juniors elite por una larga muestra representativa incluyendo ambos sexos (80 chicos y 80 chicas). Se encontró una importante correlación positiva en ambos sexos (chicas r=0.72; chicos=0,78), por eso se sugiere la utilización del entrenamiento del lanzamiento de pelota por lo alto y su uso como método de herramienta de rendimiento en la preparación general de los jugadores de tenis juniors elite.
Moldovan- EU Economic Cooperation: The Role and Potential of Agricultural Sector
Authors: Secrieru Vladislav , Terskaya Galina A. , Solovykh Nadezda N.
Published: October 2021

Agriculture is one of the most important aspects of every country's economy. The Republic of Moldova enjoys a competitive advantage in agricultural output due to its excellent soil and temperate temperature. The Association Agreement between Moldova and the European Union (EU), which was signed in 2014, greatly increased Moldovan producers' access to EU markets. The EU is Moldova's most significant economic partner, accounting for over 70% of the country's exports in 2019. In general, integrating Moldovan food producers into global value chains through supply chain connections with big retailers and exports helps them to scale up, improve productivity, and eventually contribute more to Moldova's economic growth. The developments in Moldova's agricultural and food trade following the establishment of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the European Union are examined in this study. The study will look at Moldova's foreign trade activities from the standpoint of agriculture and food goods.
Is Greenfield Investment Greener for the Welfare of Lower-Middle Income Countries? Market based Empirical Analysis with GMM Approach
Authors: Raza Ali , Iqbal Muhammad , Hussian Nasir
Published: October 2021

Globalization is considered as the catalyst for the progress of economic activities and economic development of lower-middle-income countries. Greenfield investment not only promotes welfare but also helps in the health and education sector of these countries. This study examined thirty-four (34) sampled countries of the lower-middle-income group from different regions for a time span of 1998-2017. Im, Pesaran and Shin (2003) test is applied for testing panel unit root and one step system GMM technique is applied for the complete data analysis. The results of the study concluded that greenfield investment has increased economic growth and helped to push the welfare activities of sampled countries. Besides the increase in economic growth and welfare, greenfield investment also brings improvement in the health and education sectors through the transfer of new and advanced technologies from the developed nation firms to the host countries. Therefore, lower-middle-income countries must approve soft and friendly economic and business policies for the attraction of foreign investors from abroad. Such policies will help in promoting and increasing economic activities and economic development of the sampled countries.
Impact of WOM, Advertising Effectiveness, and Brand Image on Brand Trust: Evidence from Telecommunication Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Zahid Saqib , Nemati Ali Raza , Yongfeng Cai , Javed Wasmiya
Published: October 2021

Due to the rapid advancements in digital innovations and technological evolution, the world today has witnessed a drastic upsurge in digital espousal by the masses and tech geeks alike. Advertising agencies and brand managers across the globe have been frantically finding ways to explore prospective markets and retain existing customers. Studies on brand management show that the image and trust of a brand are manifested through various deterministic variables which vary and change over time. This research thus focuses on the investigation of the effect of such pervasive determinants including Advertising Effectiveness, WOM and Brand Image on Brand Trust. The study concentrates its enquiry on brand trust elements related to organizations providing services in the telecommunications sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, data in the form of survey responses were collected through questionnaires with the help of convenient sampling. The respondents were customers using different telecommunications networks in Pakistan. From the results, it has been observed that Advertising Effectiveness, WOM and Brand Image have a strong impact on developing and maintaining Brand Trust. The research validates the impact of study variables in developing trust in a brand. Moreover, managerial implications and directions for future research have been proposed at the end of the study.
Impact of Destination Attractiveness on Tourists’ Attachment with Mediating Role of Destination Image
Authors: Ali Madiha , Sajjad Muhammad , . Orangzab , Tariq Bilal
Published: October 2021

The dynamic role of the tourism industry is observed as a catalyst to augment the economic development of worldwide economies. Due to its crucial role in economic growth, world economies have rapidly considered tourism as an important revenue generation industry. In this regard, to enrich tourism, destination image and its competitiveness play a crucial part. The main purpose of this study is to find the mediating role of destination image between the destination attractiveness and tourism attachment relationship. This study also intends to investigate the significance of various determinants of destination attractiveness within that relationship by the collection of firsthand data from tourists who belong to diverse demographic backgrounds. Study data is collected through a questionnaire from 300 conveniently sampled respondents who had visited Dubai, UAE as tourists. Statistical analyses were conducted to deduce the results by employing PLS-SEM. The results suggested that destination attractiveness has a significant positive relationship with destination image, similarly, destination image has a significant relationship with destination attachment. Therefore, the data analysis suggests that destination image partially mediates the relationship between destination attractiveness and destination image. This study will provide unique findings to tourism practitioners and organizations to formulate tourism marketing strategies on pragmatic grounds. In conclusion, the study provides suggestions and future research recommendations.
Вплив цинку на метаболічні процеси в нормі та при патології
Authors: Пиндус Тетяна , Фартушок Надія , Пиріг Ігор , Пиндус Володимир
Published: October 2021

Zinc belongs to the independent human trace elements. Its biological role is taken into account with the activity of attracting endocrine secretion. As a component of some enzymes, zinc affects the processes of reproduction, live and carbohydrate metabolism. Zinc is an important trace element with a variety of biological functions, which is involved in cell growth, apoptosis and metabolism, as well as in the regulation of endocrine, immune and neuronal functions. At the cellular level, zinc stimulates the formation of polysomes, inhibits free radical oxidation, which is catalyzed by iron. The important role of zinc in nucleic metabolism, transcription processes, stabilization of nucleic acids, proteins and especially components of biological membranes. Zinc plays an important role in skeletal development. Zinc accelerates the synthesis of collagen in wounds, has a stabilizing effect on cytoplasmic membranes, and prevents the release of hydrolytic enzymes. In mitochondria, zinc inhibits the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain. This property is realized in sperm, where there is a lot of zinc and there is low respiratory activity of mitochondria. Zinc is necessary for the development of brain tissue. Zincergic neurons are found in the cerebral cortex. Zinc has been shown to play an important role in signal transduction by modulating excitatory and inhibitory cellular receptors and intracellular signaling proteins. Zinc has a special effect on the development and course of many diseases, such as Down syndrome, alcoholism, angina, dysmenorrhea, atherosclerosis and more.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN LANJUT USIA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN
Authors: Gultom Roby , Aminah Harahap
Published: October 2021

Hypertension is called the "silent killer" which is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. High blood pressure that can not protect properly will increase the mortality and morbidity. Elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years, most of them already have hypertension and even have experienced the risk factors caused by hypertension. The goal of therapy is not to exacerbate organ damage and reduce mortality and improve patient quality so that evaluation is necessary, especially for the selection of antihypertensive drugs. This study aims to meet the suitability of the types of antihypertensive drugs given to elderly patients at the General Hospital of Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan with the standard of hypertension treatment. Research data collection was carried out in a retrospective manner in the period January-April 2020. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21, JNC VIII (2016) method. There were 9 patients (28.1%), the use of antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients who did not comply with the standard recommendations for hypertension therapy and 23 patients (71.9%) who used antihypertensive drugs in accordance with JNC VIII standards.
EFEK EKSTRAK TANAMAN ASHITABA PADA KADAR SERUM ALKALIN FOSFATASE (ALP) PADA TIKUS YANG TERPAPAR LUKA BAKAR
Authors: Johan Andrew , Kusmiyati Tjahjono  , Wenda Yoanda  , Dwi Ngestiningsih  , Lusiana Batubara
Published: October 2021

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels increases in burn tissue damage. Several bioactive compounds found in Ashitaba, are expected to reduce serum ALP levels and enhance the process of wound healing. This study aims to prove that administration of oral Ashitaba extract can reduce serum ALP levels in rats exposed to burn trauma. This study uses true experimental post-test control group design with a total of 20 Sprague dawley rats as samples. All samples were inflicted with 2nd degree burn wound and divided into 2 groups, treatment group (Ashitaba extract 300 mg/KgBW) and control group. Blood serum were analyzed for ALP levels on the 2nd, 8th and 14th days. Kinetic-IFCC method was used to find serum ALP levels. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test, paired T-test amd independence T-test. Scalded wound size was measured macroscopically over the course of 21 days to find contracture rate. In conclusion, Ashitaba extract is not proven to significantly reduce the serum ALP levels, increase contracture rate and enhance burn wound healing process. However, there was slight increase in contracture rate in treatment group as compared to control group. In addition, there was a lower ALP levels in treatment group as compared to control group in day 8.
Digital: o desafio da confiança e da segurança na economia digital
Authors:   Fundação Dom Cabral, Alberto Arruda de Oliveira Carlos , Regina Guimarães de Menezes Heloísa ,   Fundação Dom Cabral
Published: October 2021

O livro V da Série Economia Digital discute os desafios que envolvem a confiança das pessoas e dos negócios na economia digital, capazes de assegurar a sua sustentabilidade e crescimento com segurança não só para os negócios digitais, mas também para o futuro da humanidade. Segurança e resiliência cibernéticas, ética no uso de tecnologias, desinformação no ambiente de abundância de informação, governança da internet que assegure liberdade com respeito aos direitos humanos, trabalhos dignos são alguns dos temas retratados no livro, fundamentais para colocar o ser humano na centralidade do debate e das atividades da economia digital.