bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss‐of‐Function Variants in CUL3 Cause a Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Blackburn Patrick R. , Ebstein Frédéric , Hsieh Tzung‐Chien , Motta Marialetizia , Radio Francesca Clementina , Herkert Johanna C. , Rinne Tuula , Thiffault Isabelle , Rapp Michele , Alders Mariel , Maas Saskia , Gerard Bénédicte , Smol Thomas , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Cogné Benjamin , Isidor Bertrand , Vincent Marie , Bachmann‐Gagescu Ruxandra , Rauch Anita , Joset Pascal , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Ciolfi Andrea , Husson Thomas , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Bacino Carlos , Macmurdo Colleen , Thompson Stephanie S. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Faivre Laurence , Mau‐Them Frederic Tran , Deb Wallid , Vignard Virginie , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Madden Jill A. , Goldenberg Alice , Lecoquierre François , Zech Michael , Prokisch Holger , Necpál Ján , Jech Robert , Winkelmann Juliane , Koprušáková Monika Turčanová , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Younce John R. , Shinawi Marwan , Mighton Chloe , Fung Charlotte , Morel Chantal F. , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan , DiTroia Stephanie , Barth Magalie , Bonneau Dominique , Krapels Ingrid , Stegmann Alexander P.A. , van der Schoot Vyne , Brunet Theresa , Bußmann Cornelia , Mignot Cyril , Zampino Giuseppe , Wortmann Saskia B. , Mayr Johannes A. , Feichtinger René G. , Courtin Thomas , Ravelli Claudia , Keren Boris , Ziegler Alban , Hasadsri Linda , Pichurin Pavel N. , Klee Eric W. , Grand Katheryn , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Krüger Elke , Bézieau Stéphane , Klinkhammer Hannah , Krawitz Peter Michael , Eichler Evan E. , Tartaglia Marco , Küry Sébastien , Wang Tianyun
Published: September 2024

Objective

De novo variants in cullin‐3 ubiquitin ligase (CUL3) have been strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but no large case series have been reported so far. Here, we aimed to collect sporadic cases carrying rare variants in CUL3, describe the genotype–phenotype correlation, and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism.

Methods

Genetic data and detailed clinical records were collected via multicenter collaboration. Dysmorphic facial features were analyzed using GestaltMatcher. Variant effects on CUL3 protein stability were assessed using patient‐derived T‐cells.

Results

We assembled a cohort of 37 individuals with heterozygous CUL3 variants presenting a syndromic NDD characterized by intellectual disability with or without autistic features. Of these, 35 have loss‐of‐function (LoF) and 2 have missense variants. CUL3 LoF variants in patients may affect protein stability leading to perturbations in protein homeostasis, as evidenced by decreased ubiquitin‐protein conjugates in vitro. Notably, we show that 4E‐BP1 (EIF4EBP1), a prominent substrate of CUL3, fails to be targeted for proteasomal degradation in patient‐derived cells.

Interpretation

Our study further refines the clinical and mutational spectrum of CUL3‐associated NDDs, expands the spectrum of cullin RING E3 ligase‐associated neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggests haploinsufficiency via LoF variants is the predominant pathogenic mechanism. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:76–89
A CaI2‐Based Electrolyte Enabled by Borate Ester Anion Receptors for Reversible Ca−Organic and Ca−Se Batteries
Authors: Hou Zhen , Zhou Rui , Liu Kai , Zhu Junwu , Zhang Biao
Published: September 2024

Passivating solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in Ca metal anodes constitute a long‐standing challenge, as they block Ca2+ transport and inhibit reversible Ca deposition/stripping. Current solutions focus primarily on boron/aluminum‐based electrolytes to mitigate such interfacial issues by producing Ca2+‐conductive species, yet the complex synthetic procedure of these salts restricts the widespread application. Moreover, whether any inorganic phases possess decent Ca2+ conductivity within SEIs remains ambiguous. Herein, we report that a commercially available CaI2‐dimethoxyethane electrolyte supports reversible Ca/Ca2+ redox reactions via forming CaI2‐involved SEI, inspired by our density functional theory calculations where CaI2 species is predicted to possess the lowest Ca2+ diffusion barrier among a range of inorganic phases. We further materialize this finding by introducing a serial of borate ester anion receptors, resulting in the formation of CaI2/borides hybrid SEIs with an enhanced Ca2+ conductivity. Consequently, the resultant electrolytes realize a 7‐fold reduction in deposition/stripping overpotential compared to anion receptor‐free one, allowing for the construction of reversible Ca‐metal full cells with high‐capacity selenium and organic cathodes.
A Low‐Acidity Chloride Electrolyte Enables Exceptional Reversibility and Stability in Aqueous Tin Metal Batteries
Authors: Chang Songyang , Hou Wentao , Del Valle‐Perez Angelica , Ullah Irfan , Qiu Shen , Rodriguez Jeileen Luciano , Díaz‐Vázquez Liz M. , Cunci Lisandro , Morell Gerardo , Wu Xianyong
Published: September 2024

Tin (Sn) metal has emerged as a promising anode for aqueous batteries, due to its high capacity, non‐toxicity, and cost‐effectiveness. However, Sn metal has often been coupled with strong and corrosive sulfuric acids (2–3 M), leading to severe electrode corrosion and hydrogen evolution issues. Although high efficiency and long cycling were reported, the results were achieved using high currents to kinetically mask electrode‐electrolyte side reactions. Herein, we introduce a low‐acidity tin chloride electrolyte (pH=1.09) as a more viable option, which eliminates the need of strong acids and enables a reversible dendrite‐free Sn plating chemistry. Remarkably, the plating efficiency approaches unity (99.97 %) under standard testing conditions (1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2), which maintains high at 99.23–99.93 % across various aggressive conditions, including low current (0.1–0.25 mA cm−2), high capacity (5–10 mAh cm−2), and extended resting time (24–72 hours). The battery calendar life is further prolonged to 3064 hours, significantly surpassing literature reports. Additionally, we presented an effective method to mitigate the potential Sn2+ oxidization issue on the cathode, demonstrating long‐cycling Sn||LiMn2O4 hybrid batteries. This work offers critical insights for developing highly reversible Sn metal batteries.
Honeycomb‐Structured IrOx Foam Platelets as the Building Block of Anode Catalyst Layer in PEM Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Xie Zhoubing , Chen Hui , Wang Xiyang , Wu Yimin A. , Wang Zizhun , Jana Subhajit , Zou Yongcun , Zhao Xiao , Liang Xiao , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: September 2024

Achieving robust long‐term durability with high catalytic activity at low iridium loading remains one of great challenges for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, we report the low‐temperature synthesis of iridium oxide foam platelets comprising edge‐sharing IrO6 octahedral honeycomb framework, and demonstrate the structural advantages of this material for multilevel tuning of anodic catalyst layer across atomic‐to‐microscopic scales for PEMWE. The integration of IrO6 octahedral honeycomb framework, foam‐like texture and platelet morphology into a single material system assures the generation and exposure of highly active and stable iridium catalytic sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while facilitating the reduction of both mass transport loss and electronic resistance of catalyst layer. As a proof of concept, the membrane electrode assembly in single‐cell PEMWE based on honeycomb‐structured IrOx foam platelets, with a low iridium loading (~0.3 mgIr/cm2), is demonstrated to exhibit high catalytic activity at ampere‐level current densities and to remain stable for more than 2000 hours.
Dynamic Organic Phosphorescence Glass by Rigid‐Soft Coupling
Authors: Zhang Meng , Lan Xiaohui , Ding Meijuan , Han Chaoyi , Liu Xing Wang , Meng Zhengong , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , An Zhongfu
Published: September 2024

Organic phosphorescence glass has garnered considerable attention owing to the excellent shaping ability and photophysical behavior, but facile construction from single‐component phosphors is still challenging. Herein, a rigid‐soft coupling design is adopted in organic phosphors of ICO, CCO and PCO, thus preparing phosphorescence glasses through melting‐quenching method to give excellent shaping ability and dynamic phosphorescence. RTP performance is significantly enhanced in the dense‐structure glass, and intriguing high‐temperature phosphorescence (HTP) is still observable even at 400 K. Direct patterning under UV irradiation is also achieved using photolithography technique, allowing for the creation of high‐quality afterglow patterns that can be reversibly erased and rewritten. This rigid‐soft conformation in organic phosphors elucidates a promising concept for achieving efficient RTP glass with wide application prospects.
“Boron Ylide” Enables Stereoselective Construction of gem‐Diborylcyclopropanes
Authors: Fang Tongchang , Zhang Peng , Liu Chao
Published: September 2024

The stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins with “boron ylide” is disclosed for the first time, providing a modular strategy for the synthesis of stereospecific diboryl‐functionalized cyclopropanes. The chiral gem‐diborylcyclopropanes are synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity with the aid of a chiral auxiliary. Based on the powerful transformable ability of boryl group, those challenging multi‐quaternary carbon centers in cyclopropane units have been facilely constructed with excellent stereoselectivity. Control experiments indicate that the boryl groups are necessary for both chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity control.
Rational Design of Crystalline and Enantiomerically Pure Helicenes with Open‐Shell Singlet Ground States
Authors: Wang Tao , Tang Shuxuan , Dong Xue , Zhao Yu , Sun Quanchun , Kong Shanshan , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping
Published: September 2024

Helicene diradical derivatives have attracted widespread attentions because of their unique magnetic and chiroptoelectronic properties, however, crystalline and enantiomerically pure forms of helicene diradicals are extremely rare. Herein, we describe the rational design and synthesis of o‐quinone functionalized helicene diradicals with crystalline enantiomerical purity. Diradical dianion salt Rac‐3K and its enantiomers P/M‐3K were obtained by reduction of corresponding precursors Rac‐3 and P/M‐3 with two equivalent potassium graphite in THF in the presence of (di)benzo‐18‐crown‐6. Neutral dioxoborocyclic helicene diradicals (Rac‐3B and P/M‐3B) were produced by reactions of Rac‐3 or P/M‐3 with chlorobis(perfluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)2Cl. Crystal structures of compounds Rac‐3K, Rac‐3B and P/M‐3K were obtained by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their open‐shell singlet state ground states were confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements and theoretical calculations. Their chiroptical properties were investigated by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. This work provides the first examples of enantiopure helicene diradical dianions and boron‐containing helicene diradicals.
Disorder Over Pore Size: Boosting Supercapacitor Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Yu , Wen Zhenhai
Published: September 2024

The urgent need for efficient energy storage systems has spotlighted supercapacitors and nanostructured porous carbon materials. These materials require structural optimization to enhance their performance and lifespan, necessitating advanced design and synthesis techniques. In a recent publication, Forse and co‐workers reveal that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances their capacitance performance, suggesting that optimizing structural disorder is key to developing high‐energy‐density supercapacitors. This study innovatively shows that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances capacitance performance, surpassing traditional factors like pore size and surface area. The investigation of multiple nanoporous carbons from a range of different suppliers showcases the generalizability of the findings. Annealing treatment further confirms that the capacitance enhancement is due to structural disorder. This discovery guides the design and synthesis of new efficient electrode materials, providing a new direction for the future development of supercapacitors.
Exploiting Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material Rb2ScB3O6F2 Originated from Congruously Oriented [B3O6] Groups
Authors: Zhang Qianzhen , An Ran , Long Xifa , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Yang Yun
Published: September 2024

The exploration and research for deep‐ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are of great significance for all‐solid‐state lasers. This work is based on the excellent structural [B3O6] units which manipulate the excellent performances of famous commercial NLO crystal β‐BaB2O4 (β‐BBO) to explore new alternatives of deep‐UV NLO materials. A deep‐UV rare‐earth metal borate fluoride Rb2ScB3O6F2 (RSBF) is successfully designed by combining the heterovalent ions substitution strategy, and fluorination strategy. Expectedly, RSBF exhibits an extremely short cutoff edge below 175 nm (189 nm for β‐BBO), and a moderate birefringence of 0.088 at 1064 nm. The shortest phase‐matching (PM) wavelength of RSBF (λPM=182 nm) is shortened by 23 nm compared with β‐BBO (λPM=205 nm) due to the improvements in the chromatic dispersion and cutoff edge, and an experimental frequency‐doubling effect 1.4×KH2PO4 (KDP) further suggests that RSBF can output a deep‐UV harmonic laser. This work provides new sights from the original influencing factors for the rational and purposeful design of deep‐UV NLO materials.
Weight Loss After Receiving Anti‐Obesity Medications and Gout Among Individuals With Overweight and Obese: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Yilun , Dalbeth Nicola , Xie Junqing , Wu Jing , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing
Published: September 2024

Objective

Weight loss is conditionally recommended for gout management; however, its impact on incident gout and recurrent gout flares among individuals who were overweight and obese remains unknown. We investigate the relationship between weight loss rate following treatment with anti‐obesity medications and the risk of incident gout and recurrent gout flares among individuals who were overweight or obese.

Methods

Using data from the Health Improvement Network, we selected individuals aged 18 and older who were overweight or obese and started anti‐obesity medication. We emulated a target trial to examine the association of different weight loss rates, slow (2%–5%), moderate (5%–10%), or fast (≥10%), within the first year of treatment with incident gout and recurrent gout flares during a 5 year follow‐up period.

Results

Among 131,000 participants without gout being treated with orlistat, the 5‐year risk of incident gout was 1.6% for those with weight gain or stability, compared with 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.2% for those with slow, moderate, and fast weight loss, respectively. Compared with the group with weight gain or stability, the hazard ratios were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.01), 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.92), and 0.73 (95% CI 0.62–0.86) for those with a slow, moderate, and fast rate of weight loss, respectively. Similar results were observed for the recurrent gout flares among 3,847 individuals with overweight or obese with gout treated with orlistat.

Conclusion

A higher rate of weight loss after receiving treatment with orlistat within 1 year was associated with lower risks of incident gout and lower rates of recurrent gout flares among overweight or obese people.

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Efficacy of virtual reality and augmented reality in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salimi Sajjad , Asgari Zahra , Mohammadnejad Amirreza , Teimazi Ashkan , Bakhtiari Mitra
Published: September 2024

Anatomy is the cornerstone of medical education. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming increasingly popular in the development of anatomy education. Various studies have evaluated VR and AR in anatomy education. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR in anatomical education. The protocol was registered in Prospero. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. From the 4487 articles gathered, 24 randomized controlled trials were finally selected according to inclusion criteria. According to the results of the meta‐analysis, VR had a moderate and significant effect on the improvement of knowledge scores in comparison with other methods (standardized mean difference = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.95; p < 0.01). Due to the high degree of heterogeneity (I
2 = 87.44%), subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed on eight variables. In enhancing the “attitude,” VR was found to be more “useful” than other methods (p = 0.01); however, no significant difference was found for “enjoyable” and “easy to use” statements. Compared with other methods, the effect of AR on knowledge scores was non‐significant (SMD = −0.02; 95% CI = −0.39, 0.34; p = 0.90); also, in subgroup analyses and meta‐regression, the results were non‐significant. The results indicate that, unlike AR, VR could be used as an effective tool for teaching anatomy in medical education. Given the observed heterogeneity across the included studies, further research is warranted to identify those variables that may impact the efficacy of VR and AR in anatomy education.
Study of Microstructural Evolution and Strain Analysis in SiOx/C Negative Electrodes Using In‐situ X‐ray Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation
Authors: Valisammagari Abhilash , Lachambre Joel , Adrien Jerome , Broche Ludovic , Petit Martin , Esnault Vivien , Maire Eric
Published: September 2024

Increasing the silicon content in batteries is expected to enhance their capacity. However, its implementation comes with challenges, as silicon exhibits a large volumetric expansion. This expansion is a significant factor contributing to the decreased lifespan of these batteries. One of the critical degradation mechanisms from a mechanical perspective is the delamination of electrode structure. The cyclability of these negative electrodes is noted to be influenced by the interaction between the binder and particles during battery cycling. The heavy local strain experienced by particles in these electrodes often leads to binder failure, resulting in particle isolation, detachment, or delamination over multiple cycles. A good understanding of the local evolution of the strain is essential in advancing the mechanical modelling of the degradation mechanism and in realizing the complete potential of silicon‐based electrodes. In this work, in situ global and local strain measurements were performed by combining synchrotron tomography with Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). The measurements showed that there is significant local strain in these electrodes which can lead to delamination. In addition to this, the spatial variability of the composite electrodes was characterized by estimating the characteristic length to strain, which can be used to replicate the strain field and model the delamination.
Can stable introns and noncoding RNAs be harnessed to improve health through activation of mitohormesis?
Authors: Chan Seow Neng , Pek Jun Wei
Published: September 2024

Ever since their introduction a decade ago, stable introns, a type of noncoding (nc)RNAs, are found to be key players in different important cellular processes acting through regulation of gene expression and feedback loops to maintain cellular homeostasis. Despite being commonly regarded as useless byproducts, recent studies in yeast suggested that stable introns are essential for cell survivability under starvation. In Drosophila, we found that a stable intron, sisR‐1, has a direct effect in regulating mitochondrial dynamics during short‐term fasting and subsequently improved overall oocyte quality. We speculated that the beneficial effects implicated by sisR‐1 is through the activation of mitohormesis, an interesting phenomenon in mitochondrial biology. Mitohormesis is suggested to improve health span and lifespan of cells and organisms, but the involvement of ncRNAs is not well‐documented. Here, we discuss the potential role of sisR‐1 and other ncRNAs in activating mitohormesis and the possible applications in improving cellular and organismal health.
Thiamine disulfide derivatives in thiol redox regulation: Role of thioredoxin and glutathione systems
Authors: Folda Alessandra , Scalcon Valeria , Tonolo Federica , Rigobello Maria Pia , Bindoli Alberto
Published: September 2024

Thiamine (vitamin B1), under the proper conditions, is able to reversibly open the thiazole ring, forming a thiol‐bearing molecule that can be further oxidized to the corresponding disulfide. To improve the bioavailability of the vitamin, several derivatives of thiamine in the thioester or disulfide form were developed and extensively studied over time, as apparent from the literature. We have examined three thiamine‐derived disulfides: thiamine disulfide, sulbutiamine, and fursultiamine with reference to their intervention in modulating the thiol redox state. First, we observed that both glutathione and thioredoxin (Trx) systems were able to reduce the three disulfides. In particular, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduced these disulfides either directly or in the presence of Trx. In Caco‐2 cells, the thiamine disulfide derivatives did not modify the total thiol content, which, however, was significantly decreased by the concomitant inhibition of TrxR. When oxidative stress was induced by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, the thiamine disulfides exerted a protective effect, indicating that the thiol form deriving from the reduction of the disulfides might be the active species. Further, the thiamine disulfides examined were shown to increase the nuclear levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 and to stimulate both expression and activity of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and TrxR. However, other enzymes of the glutathione and Trx systems were scarcely affected. As the thiol redox balance plays a critical role in oxidative stress and inflammation, the information presented can be of interest for further research, considering the potential favorable effect exerted in the cell by many sulfur compounds, including the thiamine‐derived disulfides.
Advances in early detection of non‐small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kenaan Nour , Hanna George , Sardini Moustafa , Iyoun Mhd Omar , Layka Khedr , Hannouneh Zein Alabdin , Alshehabi Zuheir
Published: September 2024

Background

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among malignancies globally. In addition, due to the growing number of smokers there is considerable concern over its growth. Early detection is an essential step towards reducing complications in this regard and helps to ensure the most effective treatment, reduce health care costs, and increase survival rates.

Aims

To define the most efficient and cost‐effective method of early detection in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods

We collected the Information used to write this review by searching papers through PUBMED that were published from 2021 to 2024, mainly systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and clinical‐trials. We also included other older but notable papers that we found essential and valuable for understanding.

Results

EB‐OCT has a varied sensitivity and specificity—an average of 94.3% and 89.9 for each. On the other hand, detecting biomarkers via liquid biopsy carries an average sensitivity of 91.4% for RNA molecules detection, and 97% for combined methylated DNA panels. Moreover, CTCs detection did not prove to have a significant role as a screening method due to the rarity of CTCs in the bloodstream thus the need for more blood samples and for enrichment techniques.

Discussion

Although low‐dose CT scan (LDCT) is the current golden standard screening procedure, it is accompanied by a highly false positive rate. In comparison to other radiological screening methods, Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB‐OCT) has shown a noticeable advantage with a significant degree of accuracy in distinguishing between subtypes of non‐small cell lung cancer. Moreover, numerous biomarkers, including RNA molecules, circulating tumor cells, CTCs, and methylated DNA, have been studied in the literature. Many of these biomarkers have a specific high sensitivity and specificity, making them potential candidates for future early detection approaches.

Conclusion

LDCT is still the golden standard and the only recommended screening procedure for its high sensitivity and specificity and proven cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the notable false positive results acquired during the LDCT examination caused a presumed concern, which drives researchers to investigate better screening procedures and approaches, particularly with the rise of the AI era or by combining two methods in a well‐studied screening program like LDCT and liquid biopsy. we suggest conducting more clinical studies on larger populations with a clear demographical target and adopting approaches for combining one of these new methods with LDCT to decrease false‐positive cases in early detection.
Role of emotional control on anxiety and stress among cancer patients
Authors: Łuczyk Robert Jan , Sikora Kamil , Bodio Agnieszka , Łuczyk Marta , Baryła‐Matejczuk Monika , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Sawicka Katarzyna , Zwolak Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

Objective

The article aims to assess the role of stress and anxiety in relation to the level of emotional control among cancer patients. Currently cancer ranks second, after cardiovascular disease, as the most common cause of death. Moreover, it is predicted that in the coming years, cancer will become the leading cause of death worldwide. This is due to the extended lifespan of the population and also to the presence of carcinogenic factors in the surrounding environment. The emergence of cancer is a significant stressor that affects individuals in diverse ways, leading to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional consequences. In line with the adopted aim, emotional issues are the chosen area of exploration in this article.

Methods

The study included 102 patients. The differences between the patients' results according to various scales and the results produced by the validation group data were examined using one‐sample t‐tests. The relationships between the quantitative variables were determined using Spearman's rho coefficients, and the relationships between the quantitative and qualitative variables were verified using Kruskal‐Wallis tests.

Results

The participants exhibited higher anxiety suppression levels than individuals in the normalization group. They sought emotional support more frequently than the average person in the population, turned to religion, engaged in other such activities, lived in denial more often, discontinued activities, and displayed a sense of humor less frequently. The more frequently they controlled their anger, the less they sought emotional and instrumental support, catharsis, and attempted to accept the situation and cease being active. Additionally, controlling anxiety, sadness, and depression coexisted with self‐blame, denial, and compensatory actions.

Conclusions

Cancer patients face intense anxiety. Emotional and instrumental support, along with the ability to express and manage emotions, are crucial for these patients, especially within the context of facing the challenge of cancer. Finding constructive ways to express strong and difficult emotions prevents their accumulation and reduces the need for emotional suppression. Preventive actions should be oriented toward supporting the emotional competencies of patients.
Aging‐related biomarkers in testicular cancer survivors after different oncologic treatments
Authors: Carballo‐Muñoz A. , Lima G. , Llorente L. , Remolina‐Bonilla Y. A. , Jaime‐Casas S. , Otamendi‐Lopez A. , Ortiz‐Guerra R. A. , Velazquez Hugo E. , Atisha‐Fregoso Y. , Bourlon M. T.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Testicular cancer survivors (TCS) exposed to chemotherapy have an increased expression of CDKN2A/p16INK4a and a lymphocyte phenotype associated with immunosenescence. We seek to define whether the immunosenescent phenotype is associated with chemotherapy.

Methods

Case–control study of TCS, disease‐free ≥3 months and stratified by primary treatment modality into orchiectomy only, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplant (BMT). Each group was compared with age‐matched healthy controls (HC). We measured the relative proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations using flow cytometry, levels of C‐reactive protein, and relative expression of CDKN2A/p16INK4a quantified by qPCR.

Results

We included 65 patients; 19 were treated with orchiectomy only, 35 received different doses of chemotherapy, and 11 underwent BMT. The chemotherapy and BMT groups had decreased naïve CD4 cells compared to HC. The chemotherapy group showed increased central and effector memory CD4 cells, as well as effector and terminally differentiated CD8 cells, compared to HC. Chemotherapy (chemotherapy 1.84 vs. HC 0.92; p < 0.01) and BMT (BMT 6.96 vs. HC 1.25; p < 0.005) groups had higher expression of CDKN2A/p16INK4a compared to HC. The orchiectomy group showed no significant difference with HC (orchiectomy 1.73 vs. HC 1.01; p = 0.17). CRP levels were higher in all groups when compared with HC; in the orchiectomy group, they were only marginally increased (chemotherapy 0.22 vs. HC 0.06; p < 0.01; BMT 0.26 vs. HC 0.06; p < 0.01; orchiectomy 0.09 vs. HC 0.07; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Among TCS, only patients exposed to cytotoxic agents developed an immunosenescent phenotype. This finding supports the attribution of this alteration to the cytotoxic treatment.
Roles of intralesional bacteria in the initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Zhuoyan , Lv Shiping , Lou Fangzhi , Yan Li , Xu Jingyi , Kang Ning , Dong Yunmei , Jin Xin
Published: September 2024

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant form of head and neck cancer, often diagnosed at late stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. Recent studies indicate a potential association between OSCC and microbial presence. Microorganisms have been identified in various tumors and lesions, including OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Intralesional microbiota are considered important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and may contribute to carcinogenesis.

Methods

Sources were collected through thorough searches of databases PubMed and Embase. The review focused on microbial characteristics, potential origins, and their impact on cancer progression.

Results

Bacteria display varying abundance and diversity throughout the stages of OSCC and OPMDs. Intraleisional bacteria may have diverse sources, including not only oral plaque and saliva but also potentially the gut. Intralesional bacteria have both pro‐carcinogenic and anti‐carcinogenic effects, affecting processes like cell proliferation, invasion, and immune response.

Conclusions

Intralesional microbiota are crucial in OSCC and OPMDs, influencing both disease progression and treatments. Despite their significance, challenges like inconsistent sampling and microbial identification remain. Future research is required to fully understand their role and improve clinical applications.
Consumer fantasies, feelings, fun …, and death? How mortality salience invokes consumers' fantastical thoughts about luxury products
Authors: Geiger‐Oneto Stephanie , Shehryar Omar
Published: September 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that the salience of one's mortality can influence the consumption of luxury goods because the higher monetary value of luxury goods pads one's self‐esteem which in turn assuages fear aroused by death thought accessibility. The present research presents an alternative explanation for this relationship by exploring the role of fantasy in the relationship between mortality salience and the preference for luxury goods. In four studies, we consistently find that consumers demonstrate a greater preference for luxury goods when their mortality is made salient (vs. control condition). In study 2, we extend previous research by utilizing fantasy engagement to demonstrate that increased preference for luxury goods following mortality salience is constructed through engagement in fantastical thinking. In study 3, we use fantasy proneness as an individual difference variable to show that together, a heightened awareness of mortality and a greater capacity for fantastical thinking lead to a greater preference for luxury goods. Finally, in study 4 we rule out alternative explanatory variables such as materialism and status‐based consumption to demonstrate that fantastical thinking mediates the relationship between death anxiety and evaluation of luxury goods whereas materialism and status‐based consumption do not elicit the same effect. Based on our findings we conclude that when existential concerns are activated, luxury goods allow for greater fantasy engagement than non‐luxury goods and that greater fantasy engagement increases preference for luxury goods. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Phytochemical Study of Stachys iva Griseb. and In Vitro Evaluation of AhR Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Anagnostou Maria , Tomou Ekaterina‐Michaela , Goya‐Jorge Elizabeth , Chatzopoulou Paschalina , Giner Rosa María , Skaltsa Helen
Published: September 2024

Genus Stachys L. consists of approximately 365 species, distributed mainly in temperate regions. Several members of this genus are widely used in the traditional medicine of different countries worldwide. In Greece, 54 Stachys taxa are found in parts of the mainland and/or insular country. The present study focused on the phytochemical investigation of Stachys iva Griseb. and the in vitro anti‐inflammatory evaluation of the isolated compounds. In total, eighteen compounds were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane‐methanol extract, belonging to iridoids, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and phenolic acids. An in vitro approach assessed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulatory effects of these compounds, revealing an AhR agonistic activity of the flavonoid aglycones apigenin and cirsimaritin in HepG2 and HT29 cell lines. The present study contributes to the evidence of the traditional uses of Stachys spp. and its bioactive constituents, justifying the ethnopharmacological use as an anti‐inflammatory plant genus.
New Antifungal and Antifeedant Metabolites from Daldinia Eschscholtzii Cocultured with Colletotrichum Pseudomajus
Authors: Chen Jing‐Xin , Yang Xue‐Qiong , Sun Jing , Li Yu‐He , Yang Ya‐Bin , Ding Zhong‐Tao
Published: September 2024

The synchronous co‐culture of Daldinia eschscholtzii and Colletotrichum pseudomajus produced one new linear polyketide, eschscholin C (1), along with three known compounds (2–4). One new acorane sesquiterpene, coldaldrin A (5), and one new amide derivative, coldaldamide A (6) as the probe for polyketide intermediate capture, and three known compounds (7–9) were isolated from the sequential co‐culture of D. eschscholtzii with C. pseudomajus. The structures and absolute configurations of 1, 5 and 6 were established by spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D NMR, the calculations of the NMR, and ECD data. Most compounds showed significant antifungal activities against the tea pathogens C. pseudomajus, and Fusarium asiaticum with MICs of 2–8 μg/mL. Compound 4 also showed antifeedant activity against silkworms with feeding deterrence indices of 79 % at the concentration of 50 μg/cm2.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antileishmanial Efficacy of Novel Ethylene Glycol Analogues of Benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide
Authors: Henning Nadine , Kannigadu Christina , Aucamp Janine , Janse van Rensburg Helena D. , van der Kooy Frank , N'Da David D.
Published: September 2024

Leishmaniasis is a vector‐borne, parasitic disease affecting millions of people and animals worldwide. Current therapeutic options have proven to be ineffective in both treating the disease and preventing its spread. As a result, new drugs must be developed to effectively combat this disease. In this study, a series of 14 ethylene glycol analogues of benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide were synthesised to investigate their antileishmanial potential and cytotoxicity. Analogue 9, 2‐(2‐phenoxyethyl)‐2H‐benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide, was identified as the most inhibitory compound as it was observed to moderately inhibit the growth of L. major (IC50 103 μM) and L. donovani (IC50 153 μM) promastigotes. However, in general, the series presented with low biological activity, which may be attributed to reduced target affinity and/or undesired cell culture protein binding.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Cisplatin‐3–Chloropiperidine Conjugates
Authors: Georg Mats , Legin Anton A. , Hejl Michaela , Jakupec Michael A. , Becker Jonathan , Göttlich Richard
Published: September 2024

We report the synthesis and characterization of two novel cisplatin‐ alkylating agents conjugates. Combining a platinum based cytostatic agent with a sterically demanding alkylating agent could potentially induce further DNA damage, block cell repair mechanisms and keep the substrate active against resistant tumor cell lines. The 3‐chloropiperidines utilized as ligands in this work are cyclic representatives of the N‐mustard family and were not able to coordinate platinum on their own. The introduction of a second coordination site, in form of a pyridine moiety, led to the isolation of the desired conjugates. They were characterized with HRMS, CHN‐analyses and XRD. We concluded this work by examining the cytotoxicity of the ligands and the obtained complexes with MTT assays in human cancer cell lines. While the ligands showed hardly any activity, the novel conjugates both displayed a high antiproliferative and cytotoxic potency in a panel of three cell lines. Moreover, both complexes were able to largely circumvent the acquired cisplatin resistance of A2780cisR ovarian cancer cells, both in the MTT assay and a flow‐cytometric apoptosis assay.
The significance of therapeutic drug monitoring in detecting low medication adherence in patients with cancer: A case study of cabozantinib
Authors: Maruyama Shinichi , Momo Kenji , Anno Tadatsugu , Ishida Masaru , Kanno Hiroshi , Kato Masaru
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Maintaining good medication adherence is important for providing desirable outcomes from medication therapy. We showed that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) contributed to the identification of low medication adherence to cabozantinib in a patient with cancer. We present an educational case to assist with understanding TDM in a patient with cancer.
Low Temperature Sabatier CO2 Methanation
Authors: Molinet‐Chinaglia Clément , Shafiq Seema , Serp Philippe
Published: September 2024

The CO2 methanation reaction, or Sabatier reaction, is experiencing renewed interest in the context of large‐scale recycling of point CO2 emissions, leading to the power‐to‐gas technology. The reaction represents a flexible route to transform CO2 into methane by hydrogenation with (green) dihydrogen. This exothermic transformation takes place at a reasonable rate at temperatures above 200 °C and is directed to the targeted product at low temperatures. The CO2 methanation nevertheless remains kinetically limited due to the chemical stability of CO2 and the high bond dissociation energy for C═O in CO2. Therefore, the current urgent demand is for the development of catalysts and associated processes with superior activity for CO2 activation at low temperatures. This critical review aims to overview the state of the art of this low‐temperature technology using thermal, plasma and photo‐assisted catalysis. We summarize research advances around low‐temperature CO2 methanation, focusing on catalyst formulations (metal, supports and promoters), reaction mechanisms and suitable activation processes. We discuss each of these critical aspects of the technology and identify the main challenges and opportunities for low temperature (≤200 °C) CO2 methanation.
Effect of Oxidized Tin Interfacial Atoms on Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by γ‐Alumina Supported Platinum Clusters
Authors: Shahrokhi Masoud , Chizallet Céline , Loffreda David , Raybaud Pascal
Published: September 2024

Tin (Sn) doped platinum (Pt) nanoparticles supported on γ‐alumina are important materials catalyzing various reactions, such as the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH) into toluene, involved in liquid organic hydrogen carriers process, and naphtha catalytic reforming. The role of oxidized forms of Sn, remains misunderstood. Relying on catalysts' models made of a Pt13cluster on the (100) surface of γ‐alumina, the location and effects of Sn4+and Sn2+ interfacial atoms are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A simulated annealing approach based on ab initio molecular dynamics enables to explore the configurations of the catalytic systems. The Pt clusters' stabilities and that of the adsorbed molecular intermediates are linked to the electronic properties of the cluster and to its ductility modulated by the adsorbed species, the alumina support and the Sn atoms. The Gibbs free energy profiles related to the reaction mechanism of the MCH dehydrogenation into toluene are quantified on the basis of transition state search. The energy span concept reveals that the dual (either detrimental or beneficial) impact of Sn oxidized forms on the intrinsic reactivity of the Pt13 cluster depends on temperature. Based on this DFT analysis, we attempt to clarify the debated role of Sn oxidized species.
Metal‐Organic Cages: Synthetic Strategies and Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Liu Yan , Huang Linjing , Qin Liyang , Zhou Tianhua
Published: September 2024

Metal‐organic cages (MOCs) are a class of compounds formed through the coordination of metal ions with organic ligands to create well‐defined and cage‐like structure. These unique structures offer versatile environments for catalyzing a wide range of chemical reactions. The catalytic capabilities of MOCs are significantly influenced by the nature of the metal ions, functional ligands, and the cage structure. Notably, the confined spaces within MOCs can lead to enhanced reaction efficiencies, particularly in processes such as light‐induced hydrogen generation and the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. Furthermore, MOCs show great potential in photo‐organic synthesis due to the cage structure, which provides a confined environment and allows for encapsulating organic molecules, making them useful for improving the selectivity and efficiency of catalytic process. This review reports the development of MOCs for photocatalysis, focusing on the structural design and regulation strategy to build functional MOCs for photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, organic transformation. Insights into the photocatalysis are discussed including the challenges and further research direction in MOC‐based photocatalysis.
Characterization of Porous Transport Layers Towards the Development of Efficient Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Stelmacovich Genevieve , Pylypenko Svitlana
Published: September 2024

The current goals for implementing the hydrogen economy have highlighted a need to further optimize water‐splitting technologies for clean hydrogen production. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a leading technology, but further optimizations of anode materials including the porous transport layer (PTL) and the adjacent catalyst layer (CL) are required to increase overall cell performance and reduce cost. This literature review describes advances in PTL development and characterization, highlighting early PTL characterization work and most common methods including capillary flow porometry and mercury intrusion porometry, optical imaging, neutron and x‐ray radiography, and x‐ray computed tomography. The article also discusses PTL protective coatings and their characterizations, focusing on platinum group metal (PGM)‐based coatings, alternative non‐PGM‐based coatings, post‐treated PTLs, and investigations into thin PGM‐based coatings. Furthermore, it highlights the integration of the PTL and the adjacent CL along with associated characterization challenges. Lastly, this review discusses future developments in the characterization needed to improve PEMWE's performance and long‐term durability are discussed.
Probing Noncovalent Interaction Strengths of Host‐Guest Complexes Using Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Haitao , Sun Zhenrong , Wang Xue‐Bin
Published: September 2024

Noncovalent interactions (NCIs) are crucial for the formation and stability of host‐guest complexes, which have wide‐ranging implications across various fields, including biology, chemistry, materials science, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. However, since NCIs are relatively weak and sensitive to bulk perturbation, direct and accurate measurement of their absolute strength has always been a significant challenge. This concept article aims to demonstrate the gas‐phase electrospray ionization (ESI)‐negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) as a direct and precise technique to measure the absolute interaction strength, probe nature of NCIs, and reveal the electronic structural information for host‐guest complexes. Our recent studies in investigating various host‐guest complexes that involve various types of NCIs such as anion–π, (di)hydrogen bonding, charge‐separated ionic interactions, are overviewed. Finally, a summary and outlook are provided for this field.
Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyls Under Decatungstate‐Mediated Photoelectrochemical Conditions
Authors: Capucciati Andrea , Baraglia Luca , Cassera Elena , Merli Daniele , Capaldo Luca , Ravelli Davide
Published: September 2024

The oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl derivatives has been realized under photoelectrochemical conditions in the presence of tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as the homogeneous photocatalyst. The protocol can be applied to both primary and secondary, benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The desired products are obtained selectively, skipping the need for purposely added chemical oxidants. An in‐depth study of photoelectrochemical conditions revealed that the protocol works best under amperostatic conditions in an undivided electrochemical cell irradiated with a 390 nm LED lamp. The comparison with analogous electrochemical and chemical oxidant‐promoted photocatalytic transformations demonstrates the superior efficiency and selectivity of the hereby reported photoelectrochemical conditions.
Influencing Factors of Oil Droplets Accumulation on the Lower Surface of Corrugated Plate
Authors: Jia Yujie , Li Dong , Qian Kun , Shan Wangweiyi , Jiang Xiaoxue , Wang Xiaobing
Published: September 2024

The corrugated plate is the core component of a corrugated plate oil–water separator, which significantly influences oil–water separation efficiency. To study the influencing factors of oil droplets floating and coalescing on the lower surface of the corrugated plate, numerical simulation and experiments were used to analyze the effects of wave ratio, lower plate surface contact angle, oil viscosity, and oil droplet diameter on the floating of oil droplets on the coalescence of oil droplets. The results show that a moderate wave height ratio, lower contact angle, lower oil phase viscosity, and larger oil droplet diameter have better oil droplet agglomeration and floating effect. In the set parameter range, when the wave height ratio of the plate is 0.5, the contact angle of the lower surface of the plate is 30°, the oil phase viscosity is 0.0048 Pa s, and the oil droplet diameter is 8 mm, the oil droplet coalesces and floating effect are the best.