bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico de pessoas com Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento
Authors: Buriol Daniela , Zamberlan Cláudia , Schimith Maria Denise , Ilha Silomar , Cesar Mariana Pellegrini , Rambo Christiani Andrea Marquesini
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Delinear o perfil epidemiológico de pessoas com Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis atendidas em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: Pesquisa transversal, quantitativa, documental e retrospectiva. A amostra foram 49 prontuários eletrônicos das pessoas atendidas no período de outubro de 2017 a março de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise dos prontuários eletrônicos e analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: As pessoas atendidas, em sua maioria, possuíam doenças crônicas cardiovasculares (87,76%), eram do sexo masculino (59,18%) e idosos (67,34%). Os principais fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares foram a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (74,42%) e o Diabetes Mellitus (37,21%). O desfecho final do atendimento na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento foi a transferência para outros locais (46,51%). Conclusão: Evidencia-se a importância de investir em ações de prevenção das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis. O conhecimento sobre a abrangência dessas doenças tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo faz parte das atribuições necessárias para o combate das mesmas, evitando sobrecarga aos serviços de emergência.
O cuidado familial às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde e as redes sociais de cuidado
Authors: Pieszak Greice Machado , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as relações entre a família e as redes sociais de cuidado às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizadas com dezessete familiares destas crianças. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2012, utilizou-se a triangulação para a técnica de coleta de dados: pesquisa documental, entrevista semiestruturada, construção de genograma e ecomapa. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontam que as redes sociais são limitadas e específicas. Há dificuldades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e educacionais. Conclui-se que as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas famílias destas crianças estão relacionadas à integralidade e acessibilidade aos serviços e ações de saúde. Recomenda-se ações centradas na criança e sua família, a promoção e articulação das redes sociais, para a reorganização da dinâmica familiar.
Avaliação da aceitabilidade de vegetais no estádio microgreen por resto ingesta no lapinha Spa, município de Lapa, estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Zanzini Alice Pereira , Oliveira Júlia Assunção de Castro , Carvalho Elisângela Elena Nunes
Published: May 2020

Microgreens são plantas jovens de hortaliças colhidas prematuramente que vêm ganhando popularidade na culinária convencional e gourmet devido às suas propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aceitabilidade de microgreens de alface (Lactuca sativa L.), agrião-do-seco (Lepidium sativum L.), amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus L.), beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.), couve (Brassica oleracea L.) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) pelos hóspedes do Lapinha SPA, um estabelecimento de revigoramento da saúde física e mental localizado no município de Lapa, estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a aceitabilidade desses vegetais foi utilizado a metodologia de resto-ingesta. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aceitabilidade das espécies variou entre 84,84% e 96,60%, sendo considerada ótima para todas as espécies ofertadas. A análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Tukey mostrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante no índice de aceitabilidade, sendo que as espécies mais bem aceitas em ordem decrescente, foram os microgreens de amaranto (sobra média = 2,16 g), couve (sobra-média = 5,12 g), agrião-do-seco (sobra-média = 6,40 g), alface (sobra-média = 6,60 g), beterraba (sobra-média = 6,84 g), e girassol (sobra-média = 9,76 g). Essas plantas apresentam potencial para serem incorporados à dieta de clientes de estabelecimentos SPA’s, uma vez que agregam valor nutricional e estético diferenciados aos pratos ofertados na culinária.
Desenhos de uma genealogia discursiva da mentira: as relações dos libelos do século XIX na França com as fake news do século XXI no Brasil
Authors: Silva Júnior Joseeldo da , Baracuhy Regina , Silva Francisco Vieira da
Published: May 2020

O artigo objetiva traçar, por meio uma genealogia, a relação entre as mentiras urbanas disseminadas na França no século XIX, por meio de publicações impressas chamadas de libelos, até as mentiras virtuais fabricadas e compartilhadas nas mídias sociais brasileiras, materializadas nas atuais fake news.  Para isso, mobilizamos o método genealógico, conforme proposto por Michel Foucault. Metodologicamente falando, trata-se de um estudo descritivo-interpretativo de natureza qualitativa. As conclusões sinalizam que as notícias falsas contemporâneas extrapolam os limites estabelecidos pelos libelos do século XIX, pois a amplitude dos meios de difusão – as tecnologias digitais – são infinitamente superiores aos textos impressos do período oitocentista.  Todavia, encontram-se semelhanças entre os textos do século XIX e as fake news, especialmente quando se pensa no caráter político dessas práticas e no fato de se voltarem para a difamação de figuras públicas. Além disso, outra similitude diz respeito às regularidades discursivas a respeito de questões relativas à sexualidade, ainda entrevista como um campo que gera certa comoção social.
Some Issues of Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdullaeva D.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of the employee’s working time in Uzbekistan, which analyzes various aspects of issues related to working time, flexible mode of regulation of working hours, working hours, working week.
Application of Computer Technologies in Criminalistic Identification of Personality (by the Example of DNA Analysis)
Authors: Vatsenko A.
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the forensic technique of computer DNA analysis of the identity of the offender. The possibilities of DNA analysis in the activities of a criminalist are examined. We study the capabilities of computer technology with DNA analysis.
Features and Issues of Mortgage Lending in the Russia
Authors: Aidamirova L.
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the features and problems of mortgage lending in the Russian Federation. As a method of securing obligations, mortgages are gaining increasing importance today. It protects the interests of the creditor under the loan obligation, giving him the opportunity, in case of default by the debtor, to obtain satisfaction from the value of the property pledged, possessing value as a result of its natural properties (it is immobile, which means it cannot be lost and stolen (requires state registration).
The Search for One’s Own Ideology as the Primary Task of Social Power
Authors: Shvaiba D.
Published: May 2020

Scientific knowledge of the historical future requires methodology. And methodology is the application of ideology in scientific research in General, and in research of social processes in particular. For example, religion is always an ideology. It is an illusory ideology. Illusory not because it cannot be as described by the religious ideal (that the ideal is unattainable). For Man, as for his creation — God — there is no unattainable and cannot be. Religion is illusory, not in the sense of an ideal, but in the sense that it cannot be and become in this way, through faith. Religion creates and strengthens (fixes) the ideal but proceeds from the fact that the ideal created by man is a creative force. But God is not power. It’s just a representation of human power. And what the person who created it expects from God is a human goal.
EU-Russia Relations in the Context of Discourse on Energy Security Issues
Authors: Khlopov O.
Published: May 2020

The article presents an analysis of the discourse of energy security issues on the background of relations between the European Union and Russia, analyzes and interprets the main issues of EU relations with Russia in the energy dialogue, and also presents the nature of Russia’s perception by European Union. This period covers the work of the European Commission, chaired by Jose M. Barroso (2010–2014) and Jean C. Juncker (2014–2019), during which a number of major events took place that significantly affected EU-Russia relations in the field of energy security. The author defines the conceptualization of the discourse of energy security, which can be described as the discourse of securitization on the background of relations between the EU and Russia. The author argue that, despite the fact that the assessments of the leaders of the EU’s policies in Russia are dual, Russia is ready to develop partnerships with all EU countries.
Analysis of Psychological Effects Arising From Prolonged Use of Internet Resources For Entertainment purposes
Authors: Karaneuski K.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Excessive use of gaming programs for entertainment purposes is associated with the development of health disorders of users. The study was conducted using five diagnostic tests among students of the technical University. There is an inverse correlation between the indicators of willpowers and such a sign of computers addiction as staying in the virtual world for 40 or more hours a week for the purpose of entertainment (r =−0.375, p <0.05). In the group of people who use the virtual world for more than 40 hours a week, a direct relationship with the negative emotional reactions was established (r=0.317, p <0.05). An inverse correlation was found between the frequency of waking up with feelings of fears and anxiety and the indicators of self-assessment of working capacity (r= −0,315, p <0.05). Prolonged use of computers games and Internet resources for entertainment is accompanied by a transformation of the emotional and volitional sphere and a decrease in the level of self-esteem of Internet users.
Cultural and Ethnic Features of Dargin People’s Experiences in Extreme Situations
Authors: Tsyngunov S.
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the study of cultural and ethnic features of the Dargin ethnic group in extreme situations. The concept of an extreme situation and its impact on human mental activity, on behavioral, cognitive and emotional levels is considered. This influence occurs not only under the influence of individual and personal characteristics, but also cultural and ethnic characteristics. The moral and ethnic bases of interaction between representatives of the Dargin ethnic group, the peculiarities of views on gender roles, the peculiarities of everyday life and child-parent relations were considered and described. Based on these aspects of cultural and ethnic values of the, an assumption is made about the possible behavior of this ethnic group in extreme situations.
Zoom Technology as an Effective Tool for Distance Learning in Teaching English to Medical Students
Authors: Guzacheva N.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents issues associated with the introduction of effective educational technologies to distance learning a foreign language at the university. The review of the author’s use of Zoom technology in medical education is presented. The current problems of introduction of distance learning technologies in teaching English language to medical students are determined. The experience of distance learning for teaching medical students a foreign language by the electronic educational resource Zoom is described.
Platonus Automated Information System and It’s Used in Educational Process
Authors: Nigmatova D. , Sattorova M.
Published: May 2020

This work reports on the use of virtual tools as means of learning process activation, on the example of the automated information system Platonus. A good result can be achieved by combining the classical learning with modern computer technology. By creating a virtual learning environment and using distance learning tools one can obtain a significant result while facilitating the development of students’ intellectual faculties. One of the effective ways to form students’ knowledge and skills is to carry out distance learning. By carrying out practical lessons by using the automated information system Platonus, one can set various goals facilitating the extension of frontiers of knowledge, significant enrichment, and diversification of learning.
Expediency of Appeal to the Competency-based Approach and Competency Model of the High School Graduate
Authors: Ivanova V. , Iurchenko M.
Published: May 2020

The present study focuses on the problem of education quality in the modern world: as the contemporary social order reflects the transformation of many countries, including Russia, from industrial to post-industrial, information society. Consequently, the requirements for a specialist and his professional training are changing. In modern market conditions, professionalism, professional experience, the foundations of which are laid in the university, are considered factors in the competitiveness of a young specialist. The article explores the problem of a competency-based approach to teaching, which was introduced not as a recommendation, but as a new paradigm, the observance of which is mandatory when training specialists in higher education (as well as secondary schools).
The purpose of the article is to consider the essential characteristics, complexity, and versatility of the concept of competency, about which a great deal of information has been accumulated in both foreign and Russian scientific research, but neither here nor there knowledge of competence has been conceptualized. The authors demonstrate that in the practice of education the use of the form in which the competencies “knowledge, skills and expertise” exist now is not so different from the former orientation to Knowledge, Abilities, Skills (KASs). This is because the way they are spelled out in competences and recommended for implementation is more like a formal approach than a focus on development.
Influence of Conflicts in the Teaching Staff on the Educational Process
Authors: Belyaeva V.
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of conflicts in the teaching staff on the educational process. The research is based on the study of existing theoretical knowledge in this field, understanding of the circumstances of conflicts in the team and methods of avoiding them, as well as on the practical skills of teachers’ actions in conflict situations.
Innovative Education: Facilitation as an Effective Method of Educational Process Organization
Authors: Saidjalalova S.
Published: May 2020

The article treats the phenomenon of facilitation in teaching Russian language and Literature. Having defined social and pedagogical facilitation, the authors describe their use in educational process, provide the characteristics of facilitating atmosphere, determine the teacher’s role and his main tasks. It is found that the use of facilitation can significantly intensify students’ training activities when learning Russian language and Literature.
The Experience of Implementing of Distance Learning to Humanitarian Disciplines Teaching in the System of Higher Education
Authors: Farmanova B.
Published: May 2020

The present paper aims to review distance learning in the context of present definitions, technologies, opportunities, challenges, concepts and contributions as it is fast becoming an essential part of educational systems in both developed and developing countries. By virtue of new technologies the ways of teaching and acquiring new knowledge aren’t confined by space and time any more. New technologies offer great flexibility in when, where and how to distribute teaching and acquiring knowledge offering flexible learning opportunities to individuals and group learners. Distance learning is one of the most rapidly growing fields of education and its potential impact on all education delivery systems has been greatly accentuated through the development of Internet-based information technologies. In order to meet the needs of the changing world future distance learning must be time flexible, lacking geographical barriers, competitive value, and learner centered.
Interpersonal Conflicts in the System of Relations of High School Students
Authors: Levina E.
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the study of problems and ways to solve interpersonal conflicts among high school students (15–18). Thanks to the research, it can be concluded that high school students face the same problems and because of this there is a conflict. Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that the cause of the emergence of the conflict gene is inadequate self-esteem, self-affirmation among peers and expansion of the range of social roles. To solve this problem, the teacher should not ignore the emerging conflicts, high school students try not to hide his appearance, and parents to explain to their children how to solve difficult life situations on their own, without spreading negative emotions to other people.
Trends and Development Prospects of Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Muradova N.
Published: May 2020

The present paper aims to review open and distance learning in the context of present definitions, technologies, opportunities, challenges, concepts and contributions as it is fast becoming an essential part of educational systems in both developed and developing countries. By virtue of new technologies the ways of teaching and acquiring new knowledge aren’t confined by space and time any more. New technologies offer great flexibility in when, where and how to distribute teaching and acquiring knowledge offering flexible learning opportunities to individuals and group learners. Ореn and distance learning is one of the most rapidly growing fields of education and its potential impact on all education delivery systems has been greatly accentuated through the development of Internet-based information technologies and in particular the World Wide Web. In order to meet the needs of the changing world future open and distance learning must be time flexible, lacking geographical barriers, competitive cost and learner centered.
From the Experience of Using Online Platforms in Teaching a Foreign Language in Economic University
Authors: Khodjikulova Sh. , Rasulova M. , Khatamova G.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to some options of the usage of e-learning teaching methods in Economic University. Modern approaches with information technology involvement were studied. The pedagogical experience of the application of open-source learning platforms Moodle, Zoom, Platonus while foreign languages teaching is paid attention to.
Mills and Their Role in the Social Life of the Population
Authors: Kabulov E.
Published: May 2020

According to sources mill stones and their kinds, their construction and their importance in the life of Surkhan population, field materials were informed in this article.
Dancer, Doctor, Maiden, Mother: Tanaka Kinuyo’s Early Star Image
Authors: Kitsnik Lauri
Published: May 2020

The chapter examines Tanaka’s early career as an actress in the 1930s and her star persona in terms of acting style and roles played within the Japanese studio system. The notion of ‘idiogest’ is introduced to analyse the gestural characteristics of Tanaka’s acting style, which constitute a fundamental element of her star image. Against preconceptions of a homogenised star image, it explores Tanaka versatile acting skills and roles in films, ranging from traditional girls to modern career women and athlete. The chapter argues that the recurrent link between her characters and tragic motherhood and romance is connected to contemporary social shifts in femininity and Tanaka’s real life. Because her star persona had a significant impact on the content, promotion and appraisal of the films as the chapter demonstrates, Kitsnik suggests talking about ‘joint stardom’ or joint authorship between Tanaka and the directors of the films.
Kinuyo and Sumie: When Women Write and Direct
Authors: Saito Ayako
Published: May 2020

Female authorship is the subject of this chapter, which concentrates on Tanaka’s third film, The Eternal Breasts (Chibusa yo eien nare, 1955). This was her first collaboration with scriptwriter Tanaka Sumie, and the chapter reveals the negotiation between two very different women of the same generation who worked together to articulate female subjectivity. Examining their distinct life experiences and approaches to the depiction of women (and female sexuality in particular) works to position Tanaka in the history of Japanese women’s cinema and melodrama. An exhaustive analysis of screenplays, shooting scripts, interviews, and contemporary reviews renders visible Tanaka’s authorial voice as a woman and her visual translation and intervention in Sumie’s script. The chapter makes a case of Tanaka’s creative directorial worth, while exposing why both the film industry and film studies may have hitherto overlooked her directed works.
Transgender and The Literary Imagination
Authors: Carroll Rachel
Published: May 2020

Transgender and the Literary Imagination examines a selection of literary fiction by British, Irish and American authors first published between 1918 and 2000, each text featuring a protagonist (and in some cases two) whose gender identity differs from that assigned to them at birth: George Moore’s naturalistic novella set in an 1860s Dublin hotel, Albert Nobbs (1918); Angela Carter’s dystopian feminist fantasy The Passion of New Eve (1977); Jackie Kay’s contemporary fiction inspired by the life of a post-war jazz musician, Trumpet (1998); Patricia Duncker’s historical fiction based on the life of a nineteenth-century colonial military surgeon, James Miranda Barry (1999); David Ebershoff’s The Danish Girl (2000), a rewriting of the life of Lili Elbe, reputed to be the first person to undergo gender reassignment treatment. A key concern for this study is the way in which transgender lives – whether historical or fictional – have been ‘authored by others’: named, defined and appropriated in ways which obscure, displace or erase transgender experiences, identities and histories. By revisiting twentieth-century narratives and their afterlives, including stage and film adaptations, this book aims to examine the legacies of this representational history, exploring the extent to which transgender potential can be recovered and realised.
‘She had never been a woman’: Second Wave Feminism, Femininity and Transgender in Angela Carter’s The Passion of New Eve (1977)
Authors: Carroll Rachel
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on a novel by a writer whose reputation as one of the most innovative and influential authors of the late twentieth century is firmly established. The centrality of Angela Carter’s work to feminist literary culture is widely recognised and celebrated, as is her passionately combative engagement with the feminist orthodoxies of her time. Through a focus on the contrasting depictions of an involuntary transsexual, the eponymous Eve (who is subject to sex reassignment surgery without her consent), and an elective transgender person, Tristessa (who is refused medical treatment despite living as woman), this chapter aims to address the critical legacies of specific strands of Second Wave feminist critique. It does so by situating the novel within the context of debates and controversies about the place of male-to-female transsexuals in the women’s movement contemporary to the era of its writing and reception.
Architectural Materialisms: Nonhuman Creativity
Authors: Voyatzaki Maria
Published: May 2020

Maria Voyatzaki’s chapter examines how contemporary speculations on matter shift materiality into the epicentre of architectural contemplation and affect its ethos and praxis. By encountering the emergence of a new paradigm for which the establishment of an overall orthodoxy is impossible, the chapter, following the contemporary quest for a better understanding of this model of reality, offers a profound insight into contemporary thinking and creating architecture in this new framework defined as posthuman.
As architecture throughout its history has always been defined on the basis of a certain worldview and in reference to a certain conception of the human, what will architecture become in the posthuman turn or even more in the nonhuman? How are its broad spectrum of established ideas, values and practices problematised by this new philosophical debate on architectural thinking and practicing in our globalised and technologically mediated world? The chapter examines these questions in terms of three main issues: the new conceptions of architecture that could emerge from the contemporary materialisms, the new understandings of the material outcome of architectural creative work and the influences of the above conceptions and understandings on the development of the creative process.
The Compass of Beauty: A Search for the Middle
Authors: Spuybroek Lars
Published: May 2020

In his chapter, Lars Spuybroek criticises the doctrine of emergence for hindering the reversal that allows wholes to connect to parts of other wholes and only done with beauty; beauty as inherent of things without which they cannot exist make a claim on their environment only by being beautiful. The chapter tries to deal with the question of how beauty constructs this intersection between the two states. He calls this intersection the middle and goes on to sketching its historical transformations and its subsequent variations, combining the two main agents of variability, smoothness and roughness. Things and feelings are both constructed in the same system. That forces subjectivism out of the scene and materialism prevailing as matter is simply what matters. For Whitehead beauty is about both mutual adaptation and patterned contrasts, about massiveness and intensity, about smoothness and roughness. These things have a consciousness of their own, a nonhuman thought. The essay develops a bi-axial structure into a genuine fourfold, and from there into a circular system where aesthetic feelings are equated with material objects.
Architectures of Air: Media Ecologies of Smart Cities and Pollution1
Authors: Parikka Jussi
Published: May 2020

In this chapter Jussi Parikka discusses air pollution and waste as media, data and environmental art created in the contemporary smart city. The way these, otherwise unwanted, elements are sensed and perceived unveil the political subjectivity in an urban context and as data feedback from various readings, understandings and governance of the city. This sort of a materiality is one that is about folds between architectures, data and the chemistry of the air -a sort of a media ecology of multiple materialities. The creative power of smog that intertwines old computational infrastructures of urban pollution and new infrastructures such as monitors, programming and data storage is explained. The chapter focuses on urban environments as defined by the emergence of new forms of measurement of the city -and its airborne pollution - through smog sensors. The smart, modern city as defined through its unwanted elements, in this case, pollution and waste, are further discussed.
Grothendieck Topoi: Architectural and Plastic Imagination beyond Material Number and Space
Authors: Zalamea Fernando
Published: May 2020

Fernando Zalamea begins with an emphatic argument that from mathematics to its plastic influence, Grothendieck topoi are used to understand the human and the nonhuman creativity in three variously relevant and yet different disciplines; that of cinema through the work of Andrei Tarkovsky, architecture through the work of Frank Gehry and art through the work of Anselm Hiefer. The chapter starts by introducing the work of Alexandre Grothendieck from a conceptual standpoint, focusing on his topos theory (1962), a general setting which encompasses both arithmetic (number) and geometry (space) under a common abstract perspective (sheaves: a far-reaching tool which helps to glue the local and the global). Grothendieck's revolution, wider than Einstein's interlacing of space and time, has radically changed mathematics, but its plastic influence beyond the specialty has yet to be developed.
Transmythologies
Authors: Voyatzaki Maria
Published: May 2020

Maria Voyatzaki begins by dwelling on the question: if technical, material objects are inorganic, organised beings, possessing their own dynamics that give to matter the hallmark of vital activity with a strong claim on human experience, behaviour and perception, then what is happening with architecture?
The chapter elaborates on the new speculative, but not dogmatic, axioms and mythologies that are expressed with machinic parrhesia; the world, and therefore architecture, become a challenging project. Digitising the analogue, once again, but, this time, with aspirations towards a new earth, the returning Gaia, by experimenting with its dust we can construct new perspectives on matter. It is experimentation with the ‛other’, the ‛xenon’ that aims at proposing a new way of forming an innovative view on earth by redefining its geopolitics and territorial disputes from polluted waters that travel through nations to micro particles in the air. Architecture is working on ‛xenomateriality’ to define new polities, new spatiotemporal assemblages with specific demands.
Buying your Self on the Internet
Authors: Phillips Andelka M.
Published: May 2020

The personal genomics industry (aka direct-to-consumer genetic testing) has created a market for genetic tests as consumer services. This has taken genetic testing out of the clinic and into people’s homes. The industry is diverse offering tests for various health conditions and ancestry, as well as more dubious tests, such as ‘peace of mind’ paternity, ‘infidelity’ (or surreptitious testing), child talent, and even matchmaking. It is growing rapidly, but at present many tests are not standardized and the industry has not been subject to specific regulation. As with many other Internet based industries, companies tend to rely on their electronic wrap contracts to govern their relationships with their consumers. This book provides an introduction to the world of personal genomics and examines the rise of the industry and its use of ‘wrap’ contracts, drawing upon the author’s review of the contracts of 71 companies that provide tests for health purposes. It explores the different types of tests available and the issues that this industry raises for law and for society.
‘Cattle Thieves’: Refugee Settlement, Ottoman Governmentality and Biopolitics
Authors: Saraçoglu M. Safa
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the narrative function of the debates and correspondence associated with provincial governance around a particular problem: refugees. During the second half of the 19th century, more than a hundred thousand refugees came to Ottoman Bulgaria because of Russian expansion to the Caucasus. A great majority of these refugees were Circassians. This wave was contemporaneous with other demographic movements: over ten thousand Bulgarian Christians who had left for Russia as part of a population exchange between Ottomans and Russians returned back and had to be re-settled, several thousand Muslim families left a recently independent Serbia for Ottoman Empire. The refugees came at a point of economic growth in Ottoman Bulgaria and many were settled in the Vidin County. By examining how the local agents problematised the refugee settlement process in provincial correspondence, this chapter analyses the parallels between provincial politics and the imperial transformation into a liberal-capitalist social formation, where a presumably autonomous market order determined the limits of governance. This perspective is essential in looking at the empire from the provincial level and challenges the presumed path of reforms as unidirectional from the imperial centre to the provinces.
The Problem of Nature in Hegel's Final System
Authors: Furlotte Wes
Published: May 2020

This book challenges the unanimous rejection that has followed Hegel’s Naturphilosohie (1830). Systematically reconstructing Hegel’s conception of nature, the book explores the ways in which it functions as a ground that, nevertheless, perpetually poses problems for human freedom. The book starts by taking seriously Hegel’s characterization of nature as monstrous, a register at odds with the comprehensive order demanded by conceptual thought. The book then critically reads Hegel against Hegel: it analyzes what such a conception of nature must mean in terms of his notions of finite subjectivity and socio-political freedom. The book reveals that Hegelian nature holds a paradoxical status in his late philosophy. As an anterior precondition, it is crucial to the emergence of free self-relating subjectivity. Yet, it also threatens freedom’s subjective structure with destruction: biological disease, psychopathology, and symptomatic tensions within the body politic. The book demonstrates the importance of the ambivalent significations of Hegel’s Naturphilosophie for the entirety of his final system. Indeed, the problem of nature resides at the core of his project of freedom. Hegel, therefore, presents our contemporary world with a strikingly relevant position, one that forces us to rethink not only our received understanding of his philosophy, but our situation within the world. His system can be used to think the timely philosophical problems revolving around the nature-culture distinction to great effects that are still to be exhaustively explored. This potential constitutes the intrinsic merit of the book.
The Instability of Space-Time and the Contingency of Necessity
Authors: Furlotte Wes
Published: May 2020

The second chapter shifts from a general outline of the thesis concerning nature’s extrinsicality in order to substantiate its plausibility. It begins with a reconstruction of the basal categories with which Hegel’s philosophy of nature begins, i.e. space and time. Hegel frames space and time in terms of indeterminacy and externality such that we cannot speak of a distinct unit(y), or internality, of space or time, both features which are crucial to conceptuality and subjectivity. In this special sense, Hegelian nature begins in a void. Space-time displays an utter failure at auto-articulation. The chapter then outlines the duplicitous signification of Hegel’s analysis. It argues that while Hegel’s analysis is fundamentally concerned with conceptual discourse it is not solely concerned with discourse. Consequently, at an ontological level, the striking contingency of Hegelian nature. There is no necessity in advance that this or that thing emerges though definite ones certainly do, e.g. the objects of physics and those of mechanics. Instead, there is a contingent array of objects that thought references and then must, retroactively, construct an account of their necessary interrelations. However, this necessity is one that is posited retroactively and so displays the contingency of thought’s narrative concerning necessity.
Treatment as (re-)Habituation: From Psychopathology to (re-)Actualised Subjectivity
Authors: Furlotte Wes
Published: May 2020

Chapter eight outlines how Hegel’s analysis seeks to overcome the problem of nature entailed by his conception of mental illness. It offers, therefore, a reconstruction of Hegel’s analysis of the category of habit. The chapter outlines the duplicitous signification of habit. First, habit expresses spirit’s liberating activity. It binds, unifies, the body’s manifold of instincts and drives as a singular whole. Second, spirit’s reconstructive activity takes the shape of a natural effect. The chapter argues that Hegel’s concept of habit shows itself as crucial to the problem of psychopathology and therefore nature: it combines the multitude of natural drives etc. within the unified simplicity of a subjective totality. Habit, therefore, is the grounding process that allows for the stabilized (re-)emergence of the subject out of its over-immersion in natural determinations. A close reading of habit, however, reveals that there is nothing that guarantees the problem of nature has been permanently ‘sublated.’ To the contrary, the chapter contends that what Hegel’s analysis shows is how closely bound the problem of nature is to his conception of finite subjectivity and freedom. Taking this to be the case allows for this question: how does nature factor in objective spirit, i.e. the political register?
Abstract Right: Natural Immediacy within the Matrices of Personhood
Authors: Furlotte Wes
Published: May 2020

Chapter ten, therefore, examines the opening section of Hegel’s Rechtphilosophie, “Abstract Right,” in order develop a ‘preliminary sketch’ of the concepts of right and juridical personhood. The chapter historically contextualizes Hegel in relation to the mechanical deterministic conception of the individual (Hobbes) and abstract, though free, conceptions (Rousseau, Kant, Fichte). The chapter then moves to point out Hegel’s uniqueness in this context. Synthesizing Hobbesian and Fichtean standpoints, Hegel argues that the natural dimension of the individual (impulse, drive, and whim) is crucial to the genesis of actual freedom in the social world. Reconstructing Hegel’s analysis, the chapter shows that freedom is not undermined by acting out on one’s desires, impulses etc. but is brought into the world by these very drives. Although these drives are historically and socially conditioned they are, nevertheless, immediate and therefore constitutive of the basal level of juridical personhood. Thereby the chapter argues that a new sense of nature arises within Hegel’s political philosophy. The task, then, is to pursue what nature must mean within the fields constituting the socio-political.
Thomas Hobbes ve Leviathan’ı Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Yönetim Bilimi’ni İçeriye Almak
Authors: KARADUMAN İbrahim Can
Published: May 2020

Siyaset Bilimi alanyazınında, Thomas Hobbes ve onun yazarlık veriminin doruk noktası olarak kabul gören Leviathan eseri üzerine, fazlaca çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda genellikle; doğa durumu, doğa yasaları, devlet, egemenlik, meşruiyet, iktidar, otorite gibi kavramların üzerinde durulmakta ve Hobbes’un ortaya koyduğu devlet anlayışının olma/oluşturulma boyutu ile birlikte devletin kökeni derinlemesine ele alınmaktadır. Hobbes ve Leviathan eseri üzerine çalışma yapmak, şüphesiz Siyaset Bilimi’ne ilişkin kavram setlerini ele almayı gerektirmektedir. Ancak bu haliyle Hobbes’un Leviathan eserinde, sözleşme ile oluşturulan yapay bir insan olarak tanımladığı devletin, işleyişine ve yönetimine ilişkin kısımlar eksik kalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Hobbes’un Leviathan eseri üzerinden ortaya koyduğu devlet anlayışını çalışmak; bir yandan devlet, egemenlik, meşruiyet, iktidar, otorite gibi kavramlar üzerinde durmayı gerektirirken, diğer yandan Yönetim Bilimi’ne ilişkin kamusal kuruluşlar, kamu görevlileri, yetki, sorumluluk, emir-tavsiye, danışmanlık gibi kavramlar üzerine bir okumayı da gerektirmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle Hobbes’un devlet anlayışı üzerine çalışmak, hem “olma” hem de “yapma” boyutlarıyla eserde devletin oluşumunun ve işleyişinin temel ilkeleri üzerinde durmayı gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Hobbes’un devletin kökenine ilişkin getirdiği açıklamalar ile birlikte devletin varoluşsal nedeni ortaya konulmakta ve sonrasında, oluşturulan devletin işleyişine ilişkin kamusal kuruluşlar, devletin organları ve eklemleri olarak adlandırılan kamu görevlileri, bu organ ve eklemleri hareket ettiriciler olarak adlandırılan cezalar ve ödüller ile emir ve tavsiye sözcüklerinin analizi sonucunda çerçevesi çizilen danışmanlık olgusu ele alınmaktadır. Bunun nedeni, toplumsal sözleşme sonucu var edilen devletin işleyişinin hangi ilkelere göre kurgulandığını keşfetmektir. Çalışmada ayrıca, Hobbes’un hayatı ve yaşadığı dönemin tarihsel koşulları da ele alınmaktadır. Buradaki amaç, düşünür ve eserine ilişkin bütüncül bir yaklaşım geliştirmektir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yoksulluk Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: KETE TEPE Nazmiye , ÖZER Yavuz
Published: May 2020

Yoksulluk olgusu ekonomik krizlerle birlikte uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde çok fazla dillendirilse de genellikle yoksulluğun ölçülmesi gibi iktisadi yönleri üzerinde odaklanılmakta, konunun yoksullar tarafından nasıl algılandığı ve yaşantılandığı konusu üzerinde pek durulmamaktadır. Yoksullukla mücadelede, yoksul kesimlerin farkındalıklarının artırılması ve geliştirilecek politikalarda onlara söz hakkının tanınmasının önemi göz ardı edilmektedir. Yoksul kesimler tarafından bir kısırdöngü olarak deneyimlenen yoksulluğa insan hakları açısından yaklaşılması ve yoksulluk olgusunun bir eşitsizlik olarak tanınması önemlidir. Ayrıca dezavantajlı grupların sosyal ve kültürel sermayelerinin artırılması için özel bir çaba gösterilmesi yoksulluğun üstesinden gelmede bir strateji olarak kullanılabilir. Çalışma yoksulluğa iktisadi bir yaklaşımdan çok toplumsal ve kültürel açılardan yaklaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle nitel araştırma yönteminin daha uygun olduğu düşünülerek Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli fakültelerinde okuyan (70 öğrenci) ve Afyon Meslek Yüksekokulunun farklı programlarında okuyan (30 öğrenci) toplam 100 öğrenciyle derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üniversite öğrencileri için yoksulluk ne anlama gelmektedir? Öğrenciler ne tür yoksunluklar yaşamaktadırlar? Üniversite öğrencileri yaşam koşulları hakkında (durumlarını doğal bulma, kabullenme, kaderci bakış açısı geliştirme, hak temelli bir yaklaşım içinde olma, vb) ne düşünmektedirler? Yaşam koşullarına ilişkin edilgen bir tutum içindeler mi yoksa eleştirel bir düşünme, duruş ya da mücadele yollarını tercih etmekte midirler? Öğrencilerin, öğrenci yoksulluğuna dair çözüm önerileri nelerdir? Öğrencilerin görüşlerine dayanarak bu soruların yanıtları ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma bulguları gençlik ve eğitim politikaları oluşturmada değerlendirilebilecek nitelik taşımaktadır.
Edirne Şehri’nin Arazi Kullanımının Zamansal Değişimi (1990-2018)
Authors: OLĞAÇ İrem , DOĞAN Mesut
Published: May 2020

Türkiye’nin Avrupa’ya açılan kapılarından biri olan Edirne Şehri, Anadolu ve Balkanlar arasında önemli bir köprü vazifesi görmüştür. Edirne Şehri, bünyesinde çeşitli uygarlıkların izlerini taşımaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin başkenti olduktan sonra çok büyük mekânsal değişimler yaşayan şehir, Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla birlikte farklı bir gelişim evresi sergilemiştir. Köklü bir tarihe sahip olan Edirne Şehri’nde Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında 34.528 kişi olan nüfus, 2019 yılı itibariyle 172.802’e ulaşmıştır. 1969 yılında başlayan kalkınma çalışmalarıyla hızla gelişen sanayi kolları 1976 yılına kadar devam etmiştir. Bu tarihten itibaren kalkınmada öncelikli iller kapsamından çıkarılması ve çevre yerleşmelerin sanayi sektörünün gelişme göstermesiyle Edirne Şehri’nin gelişme süreci yavaşlamıştır. Tarımın gerisinde kalan sanayi faaliyetleri ağırlıklı olarak tarımsal ürünlerin işlendiği tarıma dayalı gıda sanayileri şeklinde gelişme göstermiştir. Gıda sanayisi dışında tekstil, maden, metal, toprak, tuğla/kiremit sanayi gibi işletme kolları da çalışma sahasında mevcuttur. Bu faaliyetler şehirde nüfusun artmasına yönelik bir seyir izlemesine neden olmuştur. Artan nüfusla birlikte şehirdeki arazi kullanımında değişmeler meydana gelmiştir. Çeşitli imar faaliyetlerine izin verilmesiyle verimli araziler olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Sahadaki mevcut verimli toprakların belirlenmesi ve doğal ortam potansiyeline uygun olarak kullanılması için gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır.
Genel ve Özel Amaçlı Ombudsmanlık Örnekleri: İngiltere ve Türkiye
Authors: ÇELİKSOY Emine , BAYAN Büşra
Published: May 2020

Yönetimin tamamlayıcı unsuru denetimdir. Denetim devletin etkin işlemesini sağlamaktadır. Devletin denetlenmesinde siyasi, hukuki ve idari denetim yolları uygulanmaktadır. Ombudsmanlık denetimi devletin diğer denetim yollarına alternatif bir denetim türü değildir, diğer denetim yollarının eksik kalan yönlerini doldurmaya yönelik bir denetim mekanizması öngörmektedir. Ombudsmanlık kurumu, günümüzde birçok ülkede uygulanmaktadır. Ombudsman vatandaşlar ile kamu kurumları arasında ortaya çıkan anlaşmazlıkların giderilmesi için kurulan bağımsız bir kurumdur. Ombudsmanlık türlerini genel ve özel amaçlı ombudsmanlar olarak ikili sınıflandırabiliriz. Genel amaçlı ombudsmanlar kendilerine gelen her türlü şikayeti değerlendirmekle görevli kılınmışlardır. Genel amaçlı ombudsmanlık kurumunda ombudsmanlar konu ayrımı ve kısıtlamasına tabi tutulmamışlardır. Özel amaçlı ombudmanlık kurumlarında ise ihtisas alanına göre uzmanlaşma yaşanmaktadır. Ombudsmanlar belli bir konuda uzmanlaşmakta ve yalnız bu konuda kendilerine yapılan başvuruları kabul edebilmektedir. İngiltere’de ombudsmanlık kurumu yaklaşık 50 yıllık bir tecrübeye sahiptir. Birçok konuda özel ombudsmanlar kurulmuştur. Parlamento komiserliği, yerel yönetimler komiserliği, cezaevleri ve şartlı tahliye ombudsmanlığı bu özel ombudsmanlık türlerinden üçüdür. Türkiye’de son 8 yıldır kamu denetçiliği yasal bir zeminde yer almaktadır. Genel amaçlı olan kamu denetçisi devletin taraf olduğu uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için öneriler sunmakta ve başarılı sonuçlar elde etmeye çalışmaktadır.
Yerel Politikaların Şekillenmesinde Dijital Demokrasi Uygulaması Olarak Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesi Komşu Meclisi
Authors: ERDOĞAN Oğuzhan
Published: May 2020

İnsanlık tarihi büyük bir değişim ve dönüşüm dönemine tanıklık etmektedir. Yaşamın her alanında dijital teknolojilerin, yapay zekânın, yazılım dilinin yarattığı değişim hissedilmektedir. Özellikle demokratik yönetim anlayışını temsil eden ve toplum için hizmet üreten kurumların bu değişimin dışında kalması düşünülemez. Vatandaşa en yakın hizmet veren kuruluş olan ve demokrasilerin ayrılmaz bir parçası konumundaki yerel yönetimler de yaşanan bu değişimi daha güçlü, daha katılımcı, biz duygusunu geliştiren, ortak yaşamı kolaylaştıran demokratik bir yaşam için fırsat olarak değerlendirmektedir. Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesi tarafından Türkiye’nin ilk dijital demokrasi platformu olarak lanse edilen “Komşu Meclisi” uygulaması da mümkün olan en yüksek teknolojiyi kullanarak, daha katılımcı bir kent yönetimini, vatandaşların en üst düzeyde kendini ait hissedebileceği bir kamusal alan ve kamusal birlikteliği ve yerel yönetimlere güveni amaç edinen bir platform olarak kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak yerel yönetimler kavramı ele alınmış, daha sonra yerel yönetimlerin aldığı kararlar bütünü olarak da tanımlanan yerel politika kavramına değinilmiş, yerel politikanın uygulama alanlarından biri olan yerel demokrasi ve Türkiye’de yerel demokrasi konuları irdelenmiştir. Son olarak da Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesinden alınan veriler ve bilgiler ışığında Türkiye’nin ilk dijital demokrasi platformu olarak tanıtılan “Komşu Meclisi” uygulaması tüm hatlarıyla incelenerek, değerlendirilmiştir.
KOBİ'lerin Finansal Yönetim Tekniklerini Kullanma Düzeyi ve Finansal Sorunları Arasındaki İlişki: Afyonkarahisar Örneği
Authors: MECEK Gülsevil
Published: May 2020

KOBİ'ler; ülkede gerçekleştirilen üretim, yatırım, istihdam, ihracat, katma değer, gelir/vergi, vb. unsurlar açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Afyonkarahisar Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde (AOSB) faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lerin finansal yönetim tekniklerini kullanma düzeyleri ile karşılaştıkları finansal sorunlar arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda KOBİ'lerin finansal yönetim tekniklerini uygulama profili ve bu işletmelerin teşviklerden faydalanma dereceleri belirlenerek tespit edilen sorunlarına yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır. Bu amaçla AOSB'nde bulunan 106 KOBİ'ye anket uygulanmıştır. Anket iki temel kısımdan ve 20 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Soruların bir kısmında 5'li likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında anket yoluyla elde edilen tüm veriler SPSS 22.0 programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada demografik sorular ve firmaların uygulamış oldukları finansal yönetim teknikleri ile ilgili tanımlayıcı istatistiklere, frekans ve yüzde değerlerine yer verilmiştir. Ankete katılan işletmelerin alternatif finansal kaynaklar ve bunlara erişim yollarıyla ilgili konularda bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliklerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca işletmelerin finansal yönetim konusunda bilgi ve uzman eksikliği olduğu tespit edilmiştir.