bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multilayer Approach to Wildfire Aerial Thermal Image Segmentation Using Unsupervised Methods
Authors: Garcia Tiago , Bernardino Alexandre , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: October 2022

The infrared (IR) thermal images of a propagating wildfire taken by manned or unmanned aerial vehicles can help the firefighting authorities on the ground. The segmentation of such images in regions of fire vs non-fire is a necessary step to measure the fire perimeter and determine the location of the fire front. This work proposes a segmentation method based on level sets, which have the property of handling topology, which makes them suitable to segment wildfire images since the fire areas may be spread out across the image. The results were compared against other common unsupervised segmentation methods, including Otsu, K-means and Mean Shift. The Level Set method was optimized to ensure contour smoothness and reliability, as well as reduce the computation time. Although falling out of use in relation to Deep Learning methods, unsupervised segmentation can still be very useful when annotated datasets are unavailable. The experimental results were compared using hand-drawn labels over a set of images provided by the Portuguese Air Force (FAP) as a ground truth. These labels were carefully drawn by the author to ensure they complied with the requirements indicated by the Portuguese National Authority for Emergency and Civil Protection (ANEPC).
A Preliminary Assessment of Tactical Fire Spread Observations during the 2020 California Fire Season
Authors: Valero Mario M. , Giesige Christopher , Goldbeck-Dimon Eric , Klofas Andrew
Published: October 2022

While the undesired effects of wildfire continue to increase in many regions, the fire science community continues to suffer from an important shortage of observational data of fire behaviour, especially at the landscape scale. Observations of landscape-scale fire spread acquired during firefighting operations have traditionally been incomplete, infrequent or qualitative. Airborne remote sensing technologies are changing this paradigm with the increasing adoption of infrared and multispectral optical sensors by fire management agencies. However, fire observations acquired during fire management operations are designed with the goal of supporting real-time decisions and they may not completely meet the needs of a rigorous scientific analysis. In this paper, we analyse and discuss this question through the specific case of the 2020 fire season in California. 2020 was one of the worst years on record in the Western United States in terms of burned area, social impact and economic losses caused by fire. During this season, fire management agencies deployed airborne imaging sensors during the largest and most impactful fires. In addition to using the imagery in real time, data was stored for posterior analysis by academia. The goal of this paper is to present an analysis of such information. Preliminary inspection of the data suggests that the acquired imagery will be useful to study fire progression with a varying temporal resolution between a few minutes and 24 hours. We have identified the fires that will be analysed and we are currently organizing, categorizing and cleaning the datasets. For the revised version of this paper, we also plan to integrate fire behaviour observations with vegetation, topography and weather information retrieved from public repositories. We expect that the results of this analysis will be useful to (i) better understand the response of fire behaviour to topographic features as well as changing weather and vegetation conditions, (ii) validate fire spread simulators at the landscape scale, and (iii) investigate the relationships between weather conditions, fire dynamics and fire ecological effects.
A rule-based semi-automatic method to map burned areas using Landsat and Sentinel-2 images – incorporating vegetation indices into the mapping algorithm
Authors: Koutsias Nikos , Kalogeropoulou Iliana , Karamitsou Anastasia , Mili Nikoletta G. , Pleniou Magdalini
Published: October 2022

At local or regional scales, where Landsat has been extensively applied to monitor burned areas, semi- or fully-automated methods are not very common. Koutsias et al. (2013) developed and improved (2021) a semi-automatic method to map burned areas consisted of a set of rules that are valid especially when the post-fire image has been captured shortly after the fire. However, the rule-based approach is not free of errors that eventually create limitations to adopt this method for reconstructing the fire history in a fully automated mode. In this work, we improved the method by incorporating vegetation indices. The vegetation indices evaluated were the: (i) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), (ii) Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), (iii) Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), (iv) Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and (v) Shortwave Infrared Water Stress Index (SIWSI).
Factors Influencing Ember Accumulation Near a Building
Authors: Quarles Stephen L. , Standohar-Alfano Christine , Hedayati Faraz , Gorham Daniel J.
Published: October 2022

Embers, also known as firebrands, are the leading cause of building ignition during wildland-urban fires. This is attributed to direct ignitions, materials on, in, or attached to the building, and indirect ignition when they ignite vegetation or combustible material near the building which can result in direct flame contact and radiant heat that ignites the building. Where and when embers accumulate near a building and ignitable fuel is present the potential for indirect ember ignition of the building exists. Factors that influence ember accumulation near a building include building geometry, such as flat wall and re-entrant corner, building wind angle, and wind speed. Experiments conducted at the IBHS Research Center will full-scale homes with the above-mentioned factors provide quantification of ember accumulation, in terms of mass per unit area.
A simplified physical propagation model for surface fires designed for an implementation into fire decision making tools
Authors: Chatelon François Joseph , Cruz Miguel G. , Balbi Jacques-Henri , Rossi Jean-Louis , Fayad Jacky , Morvan Dominique , Marcelli Thierry , Frangieh Nicolas , Awad Carmen
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the needs for decision making tools useful for people involved in firefighting and/or in landscape management becomes more and more crucial, especially with the dramatic increase of the fire dangerousness and fire severity. These tools have to be accurate enough and faster than real time. Up to now, simulators and other tools are mainly based on empirical or semi-empirical models but the lack of physics in their formulation is a major flaw. The Balbi model is a simplified physical propagation model for surface fires which explicitly depends on the topography, the wind velocity and several fuel characteristics. It is a set of algebraic equations built from usual physical conservation laws (mass, momentum etc.) with some strong assumptions. This work aims at providing a new version of the Balbi model in which the resolution of the rate of spread (ROS) does not need any iterative method any more. This simplification is helpful in implementing the equations set into a fire propagation simulator or a coupled fire-atmosphere simulator. It needs a complete change in the structure of the model and the predicted ROS was tested at the field scale against 179 shrubland fires (burnt in Australia, South Africa, Turkey, Portugal, Spain, New Zealand) and 178 Australian grassland fires with a very good agreement with the observed ROS. Two statistical tools are used to check this agreement (Normalized Mean Square Error, NMSE and Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) and the Fractional Bias (FB) aims at understanding when the model over-predicts or under-predicts the ROS. The proposed model is accurate and its model parameters are calibrated against a small training dataset which makes it fully predictive whatever the environmental and topographic conditions and the fuel bed characteristics. Its more simple structure allows it to be a good candidate for the heart of a simulation or land management decision making tool.
Fire propagation from surface to canopy on ornamental species under wind in laboratory conditions
Authors: Streit Anthony , Guillaume Bruno , Girardin Bertrand , Terrei Lucas , Collin Anthony , Marchand Alexis
Published: October 2022

Fires in wildland-urban interfaces (WUIs) are resulting from intertwined physical processes at different scales: landscape, settlement, parcel, building and material(Vacca et al., 2020) and are causing growing damage worldwide in context of climate change and large urban sprawl. The significant damage caused by these fires requires effective reinforcement of the resistance of structures and parcels against exposure to fire. Recent methodologies (Vacca et al., 2020; Benichou et al., 2021; Maranghides et al., 2022) have emphasised the need to look at these objectives by considering the spatial relationships between fuels, exposures and building resistance, in the perspective of a fire propagating in WUI according to so-called â€œfire pathwaysâ€. At parcel scale the fire pathways often involve ornamental vegetation, that highly raises the damaging potential of the wildfire, this vegetation being at short distance to the structures and having size comparable to building size. Horizontal and vertical discontinuities in this vegetation do largely impact the exposure (Cohen, 2008) and installing such discontinuities is becoming part of the protection regulation against wildfires in different countries (Maranghides et al., 2022). While the impact of embers has been extensively studied in the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) facilities (Manzello and Suzuki, 2014; Suzuki and Manzello, 2020), the effect of the fuel discontinuities on the reduction of thermal attack when approaching the building has been poorly addressed. This study aims at simulating in laboratory conditions a moving fire front pushed by wind and propagating from the surface to a canopy of ornamental vegetation, with fuel discontinuities. The experimental setup is composed of a fire lit in a surface excelsior fuelbed, propagating to a nearby vertical ornamental structure (excelsior and cypress) exposed to controlled high wind exposure (up to 10 m/s). The work is completed by a comparison of numerical modelling between the WFDS and FDS models. The first steps of this study are shown here, namely on zero-wind surface fire propagation, showing a coherent sensitivity of the rate of spread to fuelbed width and fuelbed load, and showing the ability of WFDS and FDS to reasonably reproduce this rate of spread. The ability of FDS to propagate to an isolated vertical tree with the same modelling processes is also well established.
Intermittent fireline behavior over porous vegetative media in different crossflow conditions
Authors: Singh Abhinandan , Ziazi Reza M. , Simeoni Albert
Published: October 2022

Detailed physical understanding of fire spread is important in the face of the increasing frequency of wildland fires around the globe. Historically, fire spread across porous vegetative media has been considered a continuous phenomenon. Most studies neglect the influence of flame pulsations on the ignition of fuel particles ahead of the fire front, hence approximating the fire spread to a steady and continuous process. This research explores the dynamic nature of fire propagation by experimentally examining the instantaneous flame pulsations and their impact on the ignition of virgin fuel particles. Fire spread experiments were conducted over a longleaf pine needle (Pinus Palustris) testbed under varying crossflow conditions. In addition to introducing a flame tilt, the presence of crossflow strongly enhances the pulsating nature of a free-burning fire. The flame region of influence ahead of the fireline was augmented by the flame tilt and flame pulsations thereby leading to point ignitions at a distance. If sustained, these flash ignitions merge with the fireline, leading to flame spread in the form of leaps. Fire behavior was evaluated by conducting detailed image analysis of videos acquired by placing various cameras around the testbed. Additionally, local temperature and flow velocity were measured by placing a series of thermocouple trees and bi-directional probes within the fuel bed. A curved flame profile was observed under wind-aided conditions, and the curvature was seen to increase with the increasing velocity. Alternatively, a flat temperature profile was observed for no wind conditions. Under forced flow conditions, the bi-directional probes within the testbed measured the flow blocking effect (drag forces) and the presence of flame greatly enhanced the local flow velocity.
Commonwealth Countries: Driving FinTech Innovation
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: October 2022

The aim of this publication is to provide an evidence-based approach to financial innovations and their impact on the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals and other areas of development.

The report finds that FinTech leads to economic growth and improved economic performance, with increased contributions from the financial sector and e-commerce turnover. FinTech innovations, such as mobile money, have been found to reduce poverty and income inequality and reduce the rural-urban income gap, while increasing financial inclusion.
Psychological Dynamics of Early Childhood with Selective Mutism
Authors: Fahrunnisa Fahrunnisa
Published: October 2022

Purpose – Selective mutism in early childhood, although the incidence is not much, this condition can be a big challenge for professionals, teachers, and parents. This study aims to describe the psychological dynamics of early childhood with selective mutism.Design/methods/approach – This qualitative research uses a case study approach—data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Test the validity of the data by triangulation of sources. The participant of this study was a five-year-old girl diagnosed with selective mutism.Findings – Selective mutism is associated with anxiety problems and not a problem with cognitive abilities and language development. Lack of social stimulation in preschool years reinforces the symptoms of selective mutism. Parenting history in the form of a mother’s emotional condition, pattern attachments, parenting style and labels affect the appearance of symptoms of selective mutism.Research implications/limitations – This research has a narrow coverage area, so the study results are not intended to draw general conclusions or generalizations. However, the results of this study are expected to be used to understand similar cases.Practical implications – The study’s results are expected to help understand the psychology of children with selective mutism so that preventive and interventional ways can be formulated to reduce the symptoms.Originality/value – Further research is recommended to deepen further the quantitative validity of the relationship between children’s selective mutism and mothers with a history of baby blues syndrome.Paper type: Case study
Scholars and Literati at the Philosophical Society of Oxford (1651–1690)
Authors: Zanardello Chiara
Published: October 2022

This note summarises our research into the group of scholars and literati who were at or were connected with the Philosophical Society of Oxford from its early meetings until its dissolution.
Improvement of mechanical properties of recycled PET by reactive toughening and post-crystallization
Authors: Slezák Emese , Ronkay Ferenc , Bordácsné Bocz Katalin
Published: October 2022

Noticeable increase in impact strength of recycled PET (RPET) was achieved using ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBA-GMA) type reactive terpolymer (PTW). The decrease in stiffness and heat resistance due to reactive toughening was successfully compensated by thermal annealing. Based on the results, strong correlation can be shown between crystallinity and impact strength: increasing crystallinity results in reduced impact resistance at PTW contents higher than 5 m/m%, yet a 6-time increase compared to 100 % crystallized RPET was reached with 15 m/m% PTW content. Regarding heat resistance and stiffness, crystallinity appears to be the key parameter: above a critical value of 10 % crystallinity a sharp improvement of the properties can be noticed. Based on the results, properly choosing the elastomer ratio and post-crystallization conditions, post-consumer PET can be suitable for durable engineering applications as well.
Parametric analysis of the stress-strain state for the unsupported and supported horizontal underground workings
Authors: Tiutkin Oleksii , Bondarenko Nataliia
Published: October 2022

An analysis of analytical and numerical approaches to the problem of determining the stress-strain state of underground workings has been carried out. A system of parametric analysis of the stress-strain state of unsupported and supported horizontal underground workings has been developed. This system proved that to determine the stress-strain state of horizontal unsupported workings of a certain diameter, it is enough to perform one numerical calculation of a finite-element model with unit parameters, and using simple analytical formulas, extrapolate the stress-strain state of this model to all possible cases of real workings. Finite element models of underground workings were developed to justify the author’s system. A method of parametric analysis of the strained state of a supported working by using models with equivalent bending stiffness has been developed and substantiated. On its basis, it is possible to perform a numerical analysis of a finite-element model with unit parameters of the frame, selecting the equivalent modulus of elasticity.
Země míru a dohody
Authors: Olšovský Jiří
Published: October 2022

Je zapotřebí transformace společnosti, aby se mohla plně rozvinout pravá lidská tvůrčí svoboda. Autor promýšlí, v čem by změny mohly spočívat, a jak zajistit udržitelnost života v tzv. postkapitalismu. Nový životní postoj, podložený filosoficky, je protikladem touhy po moci a bohatství.
Principal eigenvalue problem for infinity Laplacian in metric spaces
Authors: Liu Qing , Mitsuishi Ayato
Published: October 2022

This article is concerned with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem associated with the

∞

\infty

-Laplacian in metric spaces. We establish a direct partial differential equation approach to find the principal eigenvalue and eigenfunctions in a proper geodesic space without assuming any measure structure. We provide an appropriate notion of solutions to the

∞

\infty

-eigenvalue problem and show the existence of solutions by adapting Perron’s method. Our method is different from the standard limit process via the variational eigenvalue formulation for

p

p

-Laplacian in the Euclidean space.
Quantitation of cardiac troponin I in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case-control study
Authors: Ulndreaj Antigona , Brinc Davor , Altan Mehmet , Pons-Belda Oscar D. , Fernandez-Uriarte Amaia , Mu-Mosley Hong , Fattah Farjana , von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Kulasingam Vathany , Palaskas Nicolas L. , Gerber David E. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Heymach John V. , Prassas Ioannis
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause a variety of toxicities, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but there are no biomarkers to predict their development. Guidelines recommend measuring circulating cardiac troponin I (cTnI) during ICI therapy to detect related cardiotoxicities. Moreover, elevated cTnI has also been associated with worse outcomes in non-cardiac patients, including cancer. Thus here, we investigated whether cTnI levels were higher in patients with irAEs.

Methods

The study consisted of three groups; 21 cancer patients undergoing ICI immunotherapies who presented with irAEs, four patients without irAEs, and 20 healthy controls. Patient samples were assessed at baseline (n=25), during ICI treatment (n=25, median=6 weeks of treatment) and at toxicity (n=6, median=13 weeks of treatment). In addition to blood high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), anti-thyroglobulin (TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were also quantitated to detect thyroid dysfunction, constituting the second leading toxicity (23.8%) after pneumonitis (28.6%).

Results

Four patients with irAEs (n=4/21; 19%) and one without irAEs (n=1/4; 25%) showed higher hs-cTnI levels at any time-point; the remaining had physiological levels. None of these patients developed cardiotoxicity. Concurrent elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies and hs-cTnI were detected in one patient with thyroid dysfunction (n=1/5, 20%). However, these antibodies were also elevated in three patients (n=3/16, 19%) with non-thyroid irAEs and in up to 40% of healthy controls.

Conclusions

hs-cTnI was not elevated in patients with irAEs, but larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Tangent curves to degenerating hypersurfaces
Authors: Barrott Lawrence Jack , Nabijou Navid
Published: October 2022

We study the behaviour of rational curves tangent to a hypersurface under degenerations of the hypersurface. Working within the framework of logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory, we extend the degeneration formula to the logarithmically singular setting, producing a virtual class on the space of maps to the degenerate fibre. We then employ logarithmic deformation theory to express this class as an obstruction bundle integral over the moduli space of ordinary stable maps. This produces new refinements of the logarithmic Gromov–Witten invariants, encoding the degeneration behaviour of tangent curves. In the example of a smooth plane cubic degenerating to the toric boundary we employ localisation and tropical techniques to compute these refinements. Finally, we leverage these calculations to describe how embedded curves tangent to a smooth cubic degenerate as the cubic does; the results obtained are of a classical nature, but the proofs make essential use of logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory.
Off-gas detection and treatment for green air-plasma process
Authors: Bai Liuyang , Ouyang Yuge , Wang Hongbing , Wang Min , Yuan Fangli
Published: October 2022

Thermal plasma is a promising technology widely used in materials processing and waste treatment due to its unique properties including high temperature, high energy density, high chemical activity, and high quench rate. Air-plasma is preferentially used because air is of low price as plasma gas. The content of NOxin off-gas from air-plasma was determined using a gas analyzer, and a treatment unit was designed for the green air-plasma process. Results show that the concentration of NOxin off-gas from air-plasma was 2,489 and 9,112 ppm when the plasma input power was 50 and 150 kW, respectively. O2in the off-gas would act as an oxidant to promote NOxabsorption; thus, alkali absorption method was directly used for the treatment of the present off-gas from air-plasma. The absorption efficiency could be increased to 62.2% when additional O2was provided into the off-gas to change its O2content from 20% to 50%. The absorption rate was estimated based on the experimental data and a multistage absorption unit design, which could be reduced below 100 ppm and meet the emission standard. This article presents the feasibility of thermal plasma off-gas purification, so as to truly realize the green plasma process.
Role of pan immune inflammatory value in the evaluation of hepatosteatosis in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Demiröz Taşolar Sevgi , Çiftçi Nurdan
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Inflammation is a feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Since there are no studies in the literature showing the relationship between hepatosteatosis with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), we aimed to evaluate the relationship between these biomarkers and hepatosteatosis in childhood.

Methods

We included 133 consecutive obese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years into this single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, physical examination, radiological and laboratory data were obtained and recorded from the file records of each case.

Results

When we grouped the patient population according to the grade of hepatosteatosis, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of SII and PIV values (p<0.05, for both). In the analyzes performed to identify independent predictors of hepatosteatosis pubertal status (p=0.019) and PIV value (p<0.001) were found to be significant as independent predictors. Moreover, in the analysis performed to predict severity of hepatic steatosis, regression analysis was performed by dividing the groups into groups with and without severe adiposity. As a result of this analysis, HOMA-IR (p=0.019) and PIV value (p=0.028) were found to be significant in the prediction of severe hepatic adiposity.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that increased PIV levels were associated with the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, but not with SII.
A brief and comprehensive history of the development and use of feed analysis: A review
Authors: Severe Jerald H.
Published: October 2022

Currently, there are no general reviews that focus on feed analysis and its development from early to modern use. An objective of this review was to create a brief chronology of people, discoveries, and activities that were part of the development of modern feed analysis. Peer-reviewed, extension, and trade literature were used as resources in this review. Conference and symposia proceedings were also referenced. Some textbooks and PhD dissertations were cited. Finally, historic agricultural and other scientific literature dating from 1725 to 1936 were all used as sources. In modern society, feed analysis is more widely used than ever before in history, and interest in and utilization of feed analysis steadily increases. The history of feed analysis is not a simple chronological construct, since feed analysis has developed in conjunction with advancements and discoveries in chemistry, nutrition, and agricultural sciences. Using different systems of analysis, the evaluation of feeds has been practiced for millennia. Feed analysis, its categories, systems, methods, and applications are topics of universal interest among extension, education, and agricultural professionals. This review of people, practices, and events leading to the development of feed analyses can be a useful resource for anyone who wants to convey unique information about feed analysis and its history.
The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Authors: Leszczynski Dariusz
Published: October 2022

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known also as an idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) or a microwave sickness, is not considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being caused by the exposures to electromagnetic fields (EMF). EHS is not recognized as a disease anywhere in the world. Some studies have roughly estimated that 1–10% of the population might experience some form of EHS. However, because of the lack of diagnostic criteria for EHS, these estimates might be either under- or over-estimates. Because the vast majority of human population is exposed to EMF, the possibility of developing EHS from the EMF is a substantial public health issue that should be dealt with globally, even if the individual risk of developing EHS might be small. The WHO recognizes that the symptoms experienced by the EHS persons might be severe and might significantly hamper everyday life. However, after a broad analysis of international and national documents, there seems to be currently no effort to develop health policies for the dealing with EHS, no matter what causes it. National governments, follow the opinions of the WHO and the EMF safety standards setting organizations, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (IEEE-ICES), are not developing any practical health policy advisories for self-declared EHS sufferers. However, symptoms experienced by the self-declared EHS persons affect their well-being and, according to the Constitution of the WHO, are a health problem. Hence, independently of what causes EHS symptoms, this admitted well-being-impairment should be dealt with globally by developing an uniform health policy. Furthermore, WHO, ICNIRP and IEEE-ICES should be advocating and supporting research that would generate a reliable scientific evidence on what are the possible cause(s) of EHS. Without such research there is not possible to develop diagnostic methods as well as any possible mitigation approaches. There is an urgent need for the WHO to advocate for the national governments to urgently develop a comprehensive and common EHS health policy.
Penalised likelihood methods for phase-type dimension selection
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Bladt Martin , Müller Alaric J. A.
Published: October 2022

Phase-type distributions are dense in the class of distributions on the positive real line, and their flexibility and closed-form formulas in terms of matrix calculus allow fitting models to data in various application areas. However, the parameters are in general non-identifiable, and hence the dimension of two similar models may be very different. This paper proposes a new method for selecting the dimension of phase-type distributions via penalisation of the likelihood function. The penalties are in terms of the Green matrix, from which it is possible to extract the contributions of each state to the overall mean. Since representations with higher dimensions are penalised, a parsimony effect is obtained. We perform a numerical study with randomly generated phase-type samples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, and also apply the technique to the absolute log-returns of EURO STOXX 50 and Bitcoin prices.
Entre a tipografia e a guilhotina: imaginário, subjetividade e política na investigação de uma conjuntura
Authors: BORGES W. C.
Published: October 2022

Based on the field of Communication and Health, this work seeks to present some of the ways in which rights in Brazil, in particular those associated with access to information and to communication as inseparable from the right to health, are obstructed, compromising the exercise of citizenship. To do so, we employ the esthetic-expressive paradigm in the (re)construction of that which represents a kind of continuum of knowledge production, sustained by the metaphors of typography and the guillotine, impacting on the reconfiguration of the category of truth. With this movement, what guides the centrality of the present reflection is the false opposition between emotion and reason, producing subjective effects which interfere in the relationship between social actors and Brazil’s Unified Healthcare System (SUS). To conclude, we outline the extent to which narrative strategies structure not only the way in which social subjects perceive the world, but also their actions on it.
Cortázar: los relatos fragmentados y la importancia de un lector activo
Authors: Álvarez Eduardo Huárag
Published: October 2022

In the following article, we have sought to highlight Cortázar’s concept of the author-work-reader relationship. From his earliest novels, Cortázar revealed his intent to break with the established canon, with his most important work, Hopscotch, demonstrating this very rupture with respect to the traditional concept of the novel. Such an idea of fragmented stories that alternate with other types of discourse did, however, respond to what we believe is a more active type of participation from the reader who is beseiged by a variety of motives. This approach even leads the author to articulate different forms of discourse in which he can include “stories”k through frames, as is the case in Último round.
O direito à propriedade privada enquanto fator determinante na dialética hegeliana: um estudo crítico
Authors: LINS B. T. , ANDRADE Diogo Calasans Melo
Published: October 2022

The present work seeks to cast a critical eye on the nature of the right to property from its threshold, demonstrating how violent nature is intrinsic to the alienation of the public good by an individual. By means of dialectical methodology and bibliographic research, we seek to outline contradictory views on property, revealing – by means of a summary of the thoughts of Locke and Rousseau – the inexistence of this right in a state of nature, with it instead derived from civil society. The research then moves on to consider the way in which Hegel’s dialectic of the master and the slave is carried out, tracing the sequence of movements by which a conscience can arrive at its own recognition through the symbolic death of the other. Finally, we show how private property presents itself in relationships of domination and in the creation of a system of norms that legitimize violence, also offering a criticism of the way in which Hegel proposes the reflexive liberation of the slave.
Legal protection of geographical indications and the vacuum of international agreements in Iranian law
Authors: Parsinezhad Zeinab , Naeimi Hadi
Published: October 2022

The intrinsic importance and value of geographical indications and their special characteristics, which, if protected, would have far-reaching economic, cultural and even political benefits, would justify the need to protect them. The present study descriptively-analytically examined the legal protection of geographical indications nationally and internationally and identified gaps in the protection of signs in Iranian law. The results showed that recognizing a geographical indication, whether through registration, court, administrative decision or other means, is not sufficient to realize the potential benefits of protecting a geographical indication. Also, although protecting a geographical indication is essential, it is not the only condition for its success. Also, although there are several ways to protect a geographical indication in theory, even ancillary laws such as the "Fight against Unfair Competition" and the "Consumer Protection Act" and other similar rules and regulations are among these valuable intellectual assets. They protect. However, there are limitations to their protection in practice, largely due to the wide variety of protection systems associated with these symptoms. It was also observed that despite special rules in some countries and territories with geographical indications, including Iran, there is still no global consensus and a single legal authority to support these indications at the international level fully. Therefore, it is necessary to create a comprehensive geographical indication design for a geographical indication to effectively create brand equity for a product or positively impact rural development or the preservation of traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, or biodiversity.
Weakly Correlated Local Cortical State Switches under Anesthesia Lead to Strongly Correlated Global States
Authors: Blackwood Ethan B. , Shortal Brenna P. , Proekt Alex
Published: October 2022

During recovery from anesthesia, brain activity switches abruptly between a small set of discrete states. Surprisingly, this switching also occurs under constant doses of anesthesia, even in the absence of stimuli. These metastable states and the transitions between them are thought to form a “scaffold” that ultimately guides the brain back to wakefulness. The processes that constrain cortical activity patterns to these states and govern how states are coordinated between different cortical regions are unknown. If state transitions were driven by subcortical modulation, different cortical sites should exhibit near-synchronous state transitions. Conversely, spatiotemporal heterogeneity would suggest that state transitions are coordinated through corticocortical interactions. To differentiate between these hypotheses, we quantified synchrony of brain states in male rats exposed to a fixed isoflurane concentration. States were defined from spectra of local field potentials recorded across layers of visual and motor cortices. A transition synchrony measure shows that most state transitions are highly localized. Furthermore, while most pairs of cortical sites exhibit statistically significant coupling of both states and state transition times, coupling strength is typically weak. States and state transitions in the thalamic input layer (L4) are particularly decoupled from those in supragranular and infragranular layers. This suggests that state transitions are not imposed on the cortex by broadly projecting modulatory systems. Although each pairwise interaction is typically weak, we show that the multitude of such weak interactions is sufficient to confine global activity to a small number of discrete states.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain consistently recovers to wakefulness after anesthesia, but this process is poorly understood. Previous work revealed that, during recovery from anesthesia, corticothalamic activity falls into one of several discrete patterns. The neuronal mechanisms constraining the cortex to just a few discrete states remain unknown. Global states could be coordinated by fluctuations in subcortical nuclei that project broadly to the cortex. Alternatively, these states may emerge from interactions within the cortex itself. Here, we provide evidence for the latter possibility by demonstrating that most pairs of cortical sites exhibit weak coupling. We thereby lay groundwork for future investigations of the specific cellular and network mechanisms of corticocortical activity state coupling.
Presenilin and APP Regulate Synaptic Kainate Receptors
Authors: Barthet Gaël , Moreira-de-Sá Ana , Zhang Pei , Deforges Séverine , Castanheira Jorge , Gorlewicz Adam , Mulle Christophe
Published: October 2022

Kainate receptors (KARs) form a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that regulate the activity of neuronal networks by both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Their implication in pathologies is well documented for epilepsy. The higher prevalence of epileptic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients questions the role of KARs in AD. Here we investigated whether the synaptic expression and function of KARs was impaired in mouse models of AD. We addressed this question by immunostaining and electrophysiology at synapses between mossy fibers and CA3 pyramidal cells, in which KARs are abundant and play a prominent physiological role. We observed a decrease of the immunostaining for GluK2 in the stratum lucidum in CA3, and of the amplitude and decay time of synaptic currents mediated by GluK2-containing KARs in an amyloid mouse model (APP/PS1) of AD. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was observed in CA3 pyramidal cells in male and female mice with a genetic deletion of either presenilin or APP/APLP2 as well as in organotypic cultures treated with γ-secretase inhibitors. Finally, the GluK2 protein interacts with full-length and C-terminal fragments of APP. Overall, our data suggest that APP stabilizes KARs at synapses, possibly through a transsynaptic mechanism, and this interaction is under the control the γ-secretase proteolytic activity of presenilin.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic impairment correlates strongly with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this context, many studies have addressed the dysregulation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. Kainate receptors (KARs), which form the third family of iGluRs, represent an underestimated actor in the regulation of neuronal circuits and have not yet been examined in the context of AD. Here we provide evidence that synaptic KARs are markedly impaired in a mouse model of AD. Additional experiments indicate that the γ-secretase activity of presenilin acting on the amyloid precursor protein controls synaptic expression of KAR. This study clearly indicates that KARs should be taken into consideration whenever addressing synaptic dysfunction and related cognitive deficits in the context of AD.
Protecting Children’s Rights in Crises
Authors: Lundy Laura
Published: October 2022

The implementation of children’s rights is regarded as especially important in times of emergency. In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, few governments around the world chose to pay explicit attention to children and their human rights. The adverse consequences of lockdowns for children’s education, health, and development have been profound. Had governments engaged with children and young people, as they have promised to do, some of these harms might have been reduced or avoided. In future emergencies, governments should ensure that children’s best interests are a primary consideration. Children and young people should also be involved in policymaking processes so that the impacts on them from public policies in any emergency are understood fully and addressed explicitly.
The Erosion of Health Data Privacy
Authors: Ebeling Mary F. E.
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented lessons on using health data to improve, save, and protect lives, and the need to improve the stewardship of health privacy. Before the pandemic, the United States already had a broken health data system, fragmented and dominated by public-private partnerships in which the businesses involved sought to commercialize patient data. More than two years into the pandemic, in many respects health data privacy is even more fractured and prone to being misused to profiteer and to harm rather than help the most vulnerable. Health data is now being used by law enforcement to criminalize abortion and undocumented immigration, making reform an urgent necessity.
Efek Pemberian Pakan dengan Tambahan Overripe Tempe terhadap Jumlah Escherichia coli dan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) pada Ayam Petelur
Authors: Najah Khoirun , Bintari Siti Harnina
Published: October 2022

Overripe tempe memiliki kandungan nutrisi dan komponen bioaktif yang dihasilkan bakteri asam laktat dan kapang Rhizopus oligosporus. Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dapat menghasilkan beberapa senyawa metabolit, seperti hidrogen peroksida, diasetil, asam laktat dan bakteriosin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek pemberian pakan dengan tambahan overripe tempe terhadap jumlah total Escherichia coli dan BAL pada ayam petelur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 4 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing 7 kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 28 ekor ayam petelur umur 94 minggu. Pemberian perlakuan pakan dengan tambahan overripe tempe terdiri atas P0 (pakan tanpa overripe tempe), P1 (overripe tempe 7,5%), P2 (overripe tempe 15%) dan P3 (overripe tempe 22,5%). Parameter yang diamati adalah penurunan E. coli dan peningkatan BAL pada hari ke-20 dan ke-40. Data hasil penelitian dinalisis dengan Anova dan dilanjut dengan uji Tuckey dengan signifikasi 5%. Hasil penelitian pada hari ke-20 menunjukkan pemberian overripe tempe berpengaruh terhadap penurunan E. coli dan peningkatan BAL. Pada hari ke-40, pemberian overripe tempe berpengaruh terhadap penurunan E. coli namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan BAL. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pemberian overripe tempe yang optimal pada feses ayam petelur fase layer adalah 7,5%.Overripe tempe contains nutrients and bioactive components obtained from lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus mold. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce several metabolites, such as hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, lactic acid and bacteriocins. This study aims to examine the effect of feeding with the addition of overripe tempe on the total amount of Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria in laying hens. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment groups with 7 repetitions. This study used laying hens that were 94 weeks old and totaled 28 chickens. Provision of feed treatment with additional overripe tempe consisted of P0 (feed without overripe tempe), P1 (giving overripe tempe 7,5%), P2 (giving overripe tempe 15%) and P3 (giving overripe tempe 22,5%). The parameters observed were a decrease in Escherichia coli and an increase in lactic acid bacteria on the 20th and 40th days. The research data were analyzed using the Anova test at 5% significance, if the results had a significant effect, then the Tuckey test was followed with a significance of 5%. The results of the study on the 20th day showed that giving overripe tempe influenced on decreasing E. coli bacteria and influenced increasing LAB. The results of the study on the 40th day showed that giving overripe tempe influenced on reducing E. coli bacteria but did not affect the increase in LAB. The conclusion from this research is that the optimal application of overripe tempe in layer phase layer chicken feces is 7,5%.
Ketepatan Klasifikasi Metode Regresi Logistik dan Metode Chaid dengan Pembobotan Sampel
Authors: Juwita Puspa , Sugiman Sugiman , Hendikawati Putriaji
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan ketepatan metode regresi logistik dan CHAID dengan pembobotan sampel pada klasifikasi status angkatan kerja Kabupaten Temanggung 2015. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah angkatan kerja Kabupaten Temanggung 2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Sakernas Kabupaten Temanggung 2015. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah angkatan kerja, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah klasifikasi desa/kelurahan, hubungan dengan kepala rumah tangga, jenis kelamin, umur, status pernikahan, pendidikan, pelatihan kerja, dan pengalaman kerja. Dari analisis regresi logistik diperoleh persamaan, sedangkan anlalisi CHAID menghasilkan pohon klasifikasi. Persamaan dan pohon klasifikasi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi variabel dependen. Kesalahan klasifikasi dihitung menggunakan APER (Apparent Error Rate), kemudian ketepatan klasifikasi dapat diperoleh dengan rumus 1 – APER. Ketepatan regresi logistik dan CHAID dengan pembobotan sampel secara berturut-turut adalah 96,4% dan 96,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan ketepatan metode CHAID pada klasifikasi status angkatan kerja Kabupaten Temanggung 2015 lebih tinggi dibandingkan regresi logistik.The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of logistic regression and CHAID with sample weighting on Temanggung regency labor status classification in 2015. The population of this study is labor of Temanggung Regency in 2015. The data of this study is obtained from Sakernas of Temanggung Regency in 2015. The dependent variable of this study is labor status, whereas the independent variables of this study are domicile region, relation with family head, gender, age, marriage status, education level, job training, and job experience. Logistic regression analysis results a mathematic equation, and CHAID method result a classification tree. Those result can predict the dependent variable. Classification error is calculated using APER (Apparent Error Rate), then the accuracy can be calculated by 1- APER. Accuracy of logistic regression and CHAID with sample weighting respectively are 96,4% and 96,6%. This show that accuracy of CHAID is greater than logistic regression.