bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit Stalk Extract from Chili Peppers (Capsicum annum L.) as a Natural Antioxidant to Inhibit Oxidation in Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Hilma Rahmiwati , Wulandari Eka Tri Setya , Arman Zaldi
Published: May 2020

Fruit stalk of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) so far is still an untapped waste. The content of active compounds in fruit and fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) is known to have good antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extract of fruit stalk of chili pepper in inhibiting the oxidation of crude palm oil (CPO). In this study, the extraction of fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) was carried out with n-hexane (from now on referred to as CHE) solvent and with ethanol solvent (from now on referred to as CEE). CHE and CEE were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid analyzes. Next, an evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method. The effectiveness test of adding the two extracts to the quality of CPO was carried out for ten days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) analysis. The parameters observed were peroxide numbers, free fatty acids, and iodine numbers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by a Least Significance Different (LSD) test. The results show that the total phenolic value is 0.257 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g dry weight in CHE. Total flavonoid values are 0.155 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g in CHE. IC50 values for DPPH test extract are 223.72 μg/mL in CEE and 953.77 μg/mL in CHE. The test results of the effectiveness of the two extracts against CPO show thin CEE, and CHE significantly (P <0.05) influences to CPO free fatty acids, peroxide number, and iodine number. Both extracts can protect CPO from oxidation. CEE is more effective in maintaining CPO quality for ten days with free fatty acid values (2.1%), peroxide value values 0.48 meq/kg, and iodine number 54.8. Furthermore, this result meets the CPO quality standard, according to SNI-01-2901-2006.
Comparative morphology and phenetics of Nymphoides species in Kerala
Authors: Pavisha P , Pradeep N S , Madhusoodanan P V
Published: May 2020

Aquatic plants play an important role in maintaining the ecosystem balance. Nymphoides Seguier (Menyanthaceae) is an emergent, rhizomatous or stoloniferous genus, commonly known as “floating hearts”, identified by its rounded or cordate, floating leaves, petiole like branches and unique floral characters. The present study deals with the comparative morphology and the phenetics of Nymphoides spp. in Kerala. These species are classified into two groups with the help of the dendrogram, which showed 66% dissimilarities among the two groups. N. parvifolia and N. balakrishnanii are closely related species in one group and N. krishnakesara and N. macrosperma are closely related species in other group.
Induction of the Mice Model Regarding the Endometriosis and Assessment of Antioxidant Treatment Effectiveness: An Experimental Protocol
Authors: Hoorsan Hayedeh , Simbar Masoumeh , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Fathi Fardin , Mosaffa Nariman , Riazi Hedyeh
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Over the past twenty years, the role of inflammatory, immunologic, and stress oxidative factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has been emphasized in the literature. Endometrial induced lesions in the surgical endometriosis model of mice are similar to those observed in women. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of vitamin C treatment on the endometriosis mice model. More precisely, it aimed to induce an optimum model of endometriosis using both peritoneal and ovarian approaches and to compare the histological and fertility changes in the first-generation infants of endometriosis induced, sham, and control groups. Finally, the study assessed the influence of vitamin C administration treatment on the induced endometriosis mice model and its first-generation infants. Methods: This experimental study was done in three phases. In the first phase, 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups receiving induced endometriosis through peritoneal approach, induced endometriosis through an ovarian approach, as well as sham and control groups. The histological and fertility characteristics of the first generation of ovarian endometriosis, sham, and control groups were compared in the second phase. Then, the histological and fertility characteristics of those endometriosis induced models receiving vitamin C were compared with the controls, and the first generation of these groups was compared as well. Results: This experimental study began in April 2017 and will be finished in 2020. Conclusions: The results of this study improve our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in endometriosis progressions. The results further provide a comprehensive animal model for further research and assess the therapeutic role of antioxidants.
Prediction of Placenta Accreta Using Hyperglycosylated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Shalal Maad Mahdi , Jasim Shaymaa Kadhim , Abd Huda Khalil
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a variant of hCG. In addition, it has a different oligosaccharide structure compared to the regular hCG and promotes the invasion and differentiation of peripheral cytotrophoblast. This study aimed to measure hyperglycosylated hCG as a predictor in the diagnosis of placenta accreta. Materials and Methods: In general, 90 pregnant women were involved in this case-control study among which, 30 ladies (control group) were pregnant within the gestational age of ≥36 weeks with at least one previous caesarean section and a normal sited placenta in transabdominal ultrasound (TAU). The other 60 pregnant women (case group) were within a gestational age of ≥36 weeks at least, one previous caesarean section and placenta previa with or without signs of placenta accreta in TAU. Hyperglycosylated hCG and total hCG were measured in each group and the results of the surgery were followed up. Results: Hyperglycosylated hCG showed higher serum levels in patients with placenta accreta compared to those with placenta previa and control women. Hyperglycosylated hCG with an optimal cut point of (3) IU/L predicted placenta accreta in pregnant women with 90% specificity, 76.7% sensitivity, and 81.1% accuracy. Conclusions: The high specificity of the above approach makes it a good diagnostic tool (as a single test) for confirming placenta accreta in clinical settings. When this test is added to our established workup, its high positive predictive value makes it a suitable method within the algorithm of accreta confirmation when there is a high suspicion or insufficient evidence to the diagnosis of placenta accreta.
The Effects of Foeniculum vulgare Seed Extract on Fertility Results of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Women With Poor Ovarian Response
Authors: Yavangi Mahnaz , Mohammadi Ilnaz , Khansari Shahedeh , Moradkhani Shirin , Artimani Tayebe , Heidari Soureshjani Saeid
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Foeniculum vulgare due to phytoestrogens is important in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction including infertility. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the F. vulgare seed extract on the fertility results of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women with a poor ovarian response (POR). Materials and Methods: In this before-after intervention, 19 infertile women with POR were enrolled by a convenience sampling method. T h e amounts of luteinizing hormone ( LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ovarian ultrasound volume, the number of preantral follicles, and the size of the prominent ovary were measured before treatment with F. vulgare. Then, patients were treated with F. vulgare for two months, followed by initiating the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. The number of embryos transferred in previous and current cycles was investigated after IVF. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 16. Results: There was a significant difference in the serum LH level (P=0.002), LH/FSH (P=0.049), the number of follicles and ovules (P=0.003), endometrial thickness (P=0.04), and ovarian volume (P=0.03) between before and after treatment with F. vulgare. Moreover, a significant difference regarding the decreased number of required days for induction was observed between before and after treatment with F. vulgare (P=0.022). Conclusions: In general, the use of F. vulgare had positive effects on improving t h e quality of oocytes and female fertility indices in women with POR.
Attachment Behaviors in Physiological Birth Versus Cesarean Section
Authors: Ebrahimi Elham , Karimian Zahra , Kolahdozan Sakineh , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Bolbolhaghighi Nahid
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Attachment can be described as a powerful bond between two individuals, in this case, between the mother and child. This process is started during pregnancy and completed after childbearing. Thus, delivery time, as a turning point between two stages of attachment is very important. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the probable relations between the mother to child attachment and the mode of delivery. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 260 pregnant women were included based on specific inclusion criteria, who were in the age range of 15-45 years old and the gestational age between 37 to 42 weeks and were the candidate for physiological delivery or cesarean section. After obtaining the constant written form, the demographic information questionnaire was handed to the participants. One hour after delivery, the attachment questionnaire was completed by the researcher in the postpartum ward. Finally, the Spielberg anxiety inventory for each of the samples was completed up to one hour after delivery. Results: Based on the findings, the participants of the physiological delivery group showed more positive attachment behaviors in comparison with the other group. Further, some domains of attachment such as looking, caressing and rocking the cradle in the subtypes of emotional behaviors, as well as contiguous behaviors and caring behaviors significantly differed among the participants (P<0.05). Eventually, the participants experienced higher levels of anxiety in the cesarean delivery group, but the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.005) Conclusions: In sum, the results of the current study indicated that mothers who engaged in physiological delivery had higher scores regarding mother to child attachment behaviors. In other words, they are more successful to attach their babies compared to the cesarean group. These results are important because various children are born by a cesarean section and an insecure attachment can have many negative effects for the child.
Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of pituitary tumours
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Dekkers Olaf M , Karavitaki Niki
Published: May 2020

Patients with pituitary tumours, ensuing hormonal abnormalities and mass effects are usually followed in multidisciplinary pituitary clinics and can represent a management challenge even during the times of non-pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has put on hold routine medical care for hundreds of millions of patients around the globe, while many pituitary patients' evaluations cannot be delayed for too long. Furthermore, the majority of patients with pituitary tumours have co-morbidities potentially impacting the course and management of COVID-19 (e.g. hypopituitarism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease). Here, we summarize some of the diagnostic and management dilemmas encountered, and provide guidance on safe and as effective as possible delivery of care in the COVID-19 era. We also attempt to address how pituitary services should be remodelled in the event of similar crises, while maintaining or even improving patient outcomes. Regular review of these recommendations and further adjustments are needed, depending on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic status. We consider that the utilization of successful models of pituitary multidisciplinary care implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic should continue after the crisis is over by using the valuable and exceptional experience gained during these challenging times.
Chloroquine induces apoptosis in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Nakano Kenzo , Masui Toshihiko , Yogo Akitada , Uchida Yuichiro , Sato Asahi , Kasai Yosuke , Nagai Kazuyuki , Anazawa Takayuki , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Uemoto Shinji
Published: May 2020

Although pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are generally indolent, patients with distant metastasis have a dismal prognosis. Recently, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) has been shown to suppress the tumour growth of PanNENs, but the detailed mechanisms have not been elucidated. Furthermore, these results were obtained from poorly differentiated cell lines rather than well-differentiated cell lines, which is the most prevalent type in this tumour. To explore the mechanism and efficacy of CQ on PanNENs, we applied CQ to cell lines and evaluated the resulting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. CQ treatment induced ER stress, and an unfolded protein response was activated through the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, resulting in the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which reflects ER-stress-mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was effective in Men1 heterozygous-deficient (Men1+/ΔN3-8) mice, a mouse PanNEN model that is considered to correspond to human low-grade PanNEN. HCQ administration decreased tumour size in Men1+/ΔN3-8 mice. In the HCQ group, histological analyses revealed that proliferative activity was unchanged, but apoptosis was accelerated, accompanied by CHOP expression. These results suggest that autophagy inhibition by CQ/HCQ could be used for the treatment of PanNEN, including the well-differentiated type.
Oxygen therapy alleviates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-2α
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Haoran , Han Xiaoxue , Liu Honghui , Zhu Dalong , Feng Wenhuan , Wu Jinhui , Bi Yan
Published: May 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is difficult to manage due to the lack of effective treatments. Increased oxygen consumption caused by overnutrition, along with reduced oxygen delivery to liver cells induces hepatic steatosis. Here, we investigated the efficacy of oxygen therapy (OT) to alleviate hepatic steatosis. The effect of OT on hepatic steatosis was evaluated in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice and palmitic acid (PA)-treated primary hepatocytes. Liver biopsy tissue samples were used to determine the relationship between the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and the progression of NAFLD. The role of HIF-2α in the OT group was determined based on the overexpression of HIF-2α in vitro. OT safely alleviated hepatic hypoxia and improved hepatic steatosis by inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis in HFD-fed mice and PA-treated primary hepatocytes, and this was accompanied by reduced expression of HIF-2α and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The analysis of liver tissues from individuals with or without NAFLD revealed a positive correlation between hepatic HIF-2α expression and NAFLD progression. Overexpression of HIF-2α in vitro inhibited the beneficial effect of OT against hepatic lipogenesis and steatosis. OT might be a viable treatment option for NAFLD and functions by alleviating hypoxia and inhibiting the liver HIF-2α signaling pathway.
Population Differentiation at the PVT1 Gene Locus: Implications for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pal Gargi , Di Lia , Orunmuyi Akintunde , Olapade-Olaopa E Oluwabunmi , Qiu Weigang , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O
Published: May 2020

Genetic variation in susceptibility to complex diseases, such as cancer, is well-established. Enrichment of disease associated alleles in specific populations could have implications for disease incidence and prevalence. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with well-established higher incidence, prevalence, and worse outcomes among men of African ancestry in comparison to other populations. PCa is a multi-factorial, complex disease, but the exact mechanisms for its development and progression are unclear. The gene desert located on chromosome 8q24 is associated with aggressiveness of PCa. Interestingly, the non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation (PVT1) is present at chromosome 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa. PVT1 gives rise to multiple transcripts with potentially different molecular and cellular functions. In an analysis of the PVT1 locus using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found the chromosomal region spanning PVT1 exons 4A and 4B to be highly differentiated between African and non-African populations. We further investigated levels of gene expression of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B and observed significant overexpression of these exons in PCa tissues relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia and to normal prostate tissues obtained from men of African ancestry. These results indicate that PVT1 exons 4A and 4B may have clinical implications in PCa a conclusion supported by the observation that transient and stable overexpression of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B significantly induce greater prostate epithelial cell migration and proliferation. We anticipate that further exploration of the role of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B may lead to the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and other clinical applications in PCa.
Diseño de un prototipo de protector facial con una mascarilla electrónica para la protección del COVID19
Authors: Larico Yaneth Carol , López Oscar Mauricio Flores
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo describe el diseño de un prototipo de protector facial con una mascarilla electrónica para la protección del COVID 19. Este diseño cuenta con un sistema de filtrado de aire y un sistema de ventilación, recargable por medio de un puerto USB, que permite a los portadores del protector facial con mascarilla electrónica, una mejor oxigenación y refrigeración mientras realizan actividades laborales (salud, policial y militar) como también actividades cotidianas, brindando de este modo una mejor sensación térmica. Los resultados obtenidos luego de efectuar el sistema de ventilación y filtrado se adaptan de manera eficiente y se encuentra en el  nivel medio de ventilación con un consumo de ronda 200mA, lo que se adecúa a la mayoría de personas evitando así una sobre ventilación por un elevado flujo de aire.
Características clínicas, radiológicas y de laboratorio en niños con diagnóstico de COVID-19: Metaanálisis de proporción única
Authors: Vasco-Morales Santiago , Vasco-Toapanta Cristhian Santiago , Toapanta-Pinta Paola
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Resumir la mejor evidencia disponible acerca de la frecuencia de presentación de: signos, síntomas, principales exámenes de laboratorio y,  alteraciones radiológicas en pacientes menores de 19 años con diagnóstico de COVID-19.
Método: Mediante búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Google académico, se recopilaron los datos de los estudios que presentaban las características clínicas, de laboratorio y radiología, para realizar metaanálisis de proporción única.
Resultados: Se encontró 11 estudios,  que incluían  un total de 1180 pacientes. El meta-análisis presentó una mayor afectación del sexo masculino 0.56(IC 95%; 0.51:0.61), pacientes asintomáticos 0.15(IC 95%;  0.09:0.22), infecciones leves y muy leves 0.44(IC 95%; 0.25:0.63), infecciones moderadas 0.44(IC 95%; 0.38:0.45), incidencia de fiebre 0.56(IC 95%; 0.48:0.65), tos 0.46(IC 95%; 0.39:0.53), faringitis 0.18(IC 95%; 0.03:0.39), en los exámenes de laboratorio presentó mayor incidencia  la leucopenia 0.33(IC 95%; 0.25:0.42), la Proteína C reactiva 0.19(IC 95%; 0.15:0.24), los pacientes con alteración radiológica 0.68(IC 95%; 0.56:0.79), pacientes graves n=5 y fallecidos n=1.
Conclusiones: La presencia de anormalidades radiológicas es mas frecuente que los signos clínicos de tos y fiebre que son los síntomas más comunes. En el hemograma: la leucopenia es mas frecuente. Existe una tendencia de mayor afectación en el sexo masculino. Este metaanálisis servirá de base para futuras comparaciones acerca de las similitudes o diferencias que pueden presentarse ahora que la pandemia está en América. También presenta limitaciones por lo que los resultados deben ser contrastados, con estudios prospectivos controlados, con mayor número de pacientes y un diseño mas estricto.
RECOMENDACIONES DE LA ASOCIACION COLOMBIANA DE MEDICINA DE SUEÑO PARA EL EJERCICIO DE LA MEDICINA DEL SUEÑO EN COLOMBIA DURANTE LA CONTINGENCIA PANDEMIA COVID-19.
Authors: Zabala-Parra Sandra Irene , Venegas Marco , Amado-Galeano Yhon Steve , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Restrepo-Gualteros Sonia Maria , Tavera-Saldaña Lina Marcela , Bazurto-Zapata Maria Angélica , Echeverry-Chabur Jorge
Published: May 2020

La Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño (ACMES) con el fin de ayudar a los somnólogos a evaluar la unidad de sueño y los procedimientos que se llevan a cabo en la misma en respuesta al brote del COVID-19 emite la presente guía. Esta se fundamenta en las estrategias de mitigación recomendadas por las autoridades sanitarias del país y de la revisión bibliográfica de la evidencia médica disponible y recomendaciones actuales AASM.  Colombia se encuentra en la fase de transmisión sostenida del COVID-19 y las medidas de lavado de manos frecuente, de uso de mascarilla por la población general en sitios públicos, de distanciamiento físico y confinamiento en los hogares, respaldada por normas sanitarias locales han ayudado a frenar la propagación del virus. Sin embargo, la crisis económica asociada a este brote hace urgente que el país retorne poco a poco con la implementación de las medidas de bioseguridad necesaria a una relativa normalidad. En este contexto actual de la pandemia en Colombia la ACMES ha diseñado esta guía para que los somnólogos y las unidades de sueño locales tengan una orientación mínima en su práctica durante este brote y una vez superadas las medidas de salud pública para bajar la velocidad del contagio del virus, reabrir poco a poco la economía y contener la velocidad de la propagación para volver a la normalidad en lo posible.
El proceso de sindicalización de los gremios policiales en Uruguay
Authors: Calandrón Sabrina , Galar Santiago , Da Silva Lorenz Mariana
Published: May 2020

En 2006, formalmente la Policía Nacional de Uruguay obtuvo el derecho a sindicalizarse. Este derecho tuvo como precedente un intenso proceso de intervención de la Policía en la arena pública. Teniendo en cuenta el contexto regional, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las dimensiones vinculadas con la sindicalización de la Policía uruguaya, atendiendo especialmente a las herramientas políticas desarrolladas y a las diversas adscripciones gremiales que este proceso contiene. Entre los principales resultados, esta investigación evidencia que el modelo sindical habilitado desde las esferas políticas –que dista de ser el del sindicato “único y por rama”– posibilita la fragmentación y diversificación de organizaciones que conviven, se asocian o se disputan el poder de acuerdo con las circunstancias y el posicionamiento político frente al Gobierno de turno. Este trabajo se realizó con una metodología cualitativa y exploratoria, esto último como derivación de la ausencia de investigaciones anteriores sobre el tema. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con informantes clave y se reveló información de dos diarios (período 2015-2018) que permitieron reconstruir hechos y dar voz a actores significativos. Finalmente se registraron sitios web institucionales de los sindicatos, complementando esta información con leyes y decretos relacionados con temas surgidos del análisis del corpus.
Desafíos y tensiones en la búsqueda de migrantes desaparecidos de Honduras y El Salvador
Authors: Martínez-Castillo Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Los nuevos usos y sentidos de la desaparición y el fortalecimiento de las políticas migratorias restrictivas configuran al corredor Centroamérica-México-Estados Unidos como el único en el continente donde los y las migrantes desaparecen sistemáticamente. De este contexto, emergen tensiones entre Estado y sociedad civil, así como dentro de los actores solidarios y de las familias que buscan a sus migrantes desaparecidos. Este texto aborda dos tensiones concretas: a) los debates sobre las formas en que los conceptos de derechos humanos y las herramientas jurídicas para la búsqueda y el acceso a la justicia están siendo usados, ampliados y adaptados; y b) la confrontación entre los abordajes que priorizan la búsqueda/enfoque humanitario y aquellos que priorizan los procesos de judicialización. A lo largo del texto, se describen las consecuencias que tiene la implementación de las diferentes perspectivas en los comités de familiares de migrantes desaparecidos, y las alternativas que ellos y ellas llevan a cabo para paliar los efectos negativos. La información presentada se construyó junto con familias de migrantes desaparecidos que militan en comités de El Salvador y Honduras; especialmente los salvadoreños se asumieron como interlocutores del proceso de investigación. Entre 2017 y 2020, se desarrolló una serie de talleres y encuentros de reflexión colectiva sobre sus propios saberes; este artículo se desprende de ese intercambio de aprendizajes.
SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS FOR A WORK PROJECT AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FENCING OF THE IVERSKY FEMALE MONASTERY
Authors: DOLADOV Yury I. , ZAKHAROV Maxim E. , KOZINETS Sergey Yu. , KHMYLOVA Olga Yu.
Published: May 2020

The project for implementation of construction operations was made for the Iversky Female Monastery. The fence is a stepped brick wall which situated on the reinforced foundation framework. The project presents engineering solutions for the construction of bored piles, pouring concrete of the foundation framework and brickwork. The project considers the incommodious conditions on the building site.
LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF KUBAN SETTLEMENTS
Authors: SUBBOTIN Oleg S.
Published: May 2020

The main aspects of the historical development of the settlements of the studied region are considered. Attention is focused on the work of scientists devoted to the study of issues related to the peculiarities of architectural and urban development in the territory of historical centers of settlements of the Southern and Volga Federal Districts. The issues of primary importance arising from the reconstruction of these centers are identified. The object of the study is the traditional living environment of the settlements of the Kuban. The subject of the study is the specifics of the transformation of this environment in historical settlements. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic principles of the formation of the historical environment of settlements. The peculiarity of resettlement in the Kuban in accordance with the natural potential and climatic conditions of the region is noted. The leading role in the article is assigned to the preservation of the architectural heritage of the settlements. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used in developing projects for the reconstruction of historical settlements.
MEMORABLE SPACES: VIEWS OF TIME
Authors: KHOMYAKOV Alexandr I.
Published: May 2020

Memorial space is a memorial and museum complex (a symbiosis of monuments, museum and artistically decorated open spaces), which is the type of public building, the development of which took place sequentially and progressively in time. The stages of its formation are directly related to the social formation and aesthetic development of society, due to political and economic processes, which are the main driving forces of world history in general and art history in particular. In this article, the question of how this formation took place and whether its phases can be determined, and most importantly, what it will be embodied in the new century, is examined from the angle of the temporal and thematic characteristics of this phenomenon.
RESEARCH OF WAYS TO INCREASE CORROSION RESISTANCE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: KONDRATYEVA Nadezhda V. , ALFIMENKOVA Alexandra Yu.
Published: May 2020

The results of the first two series of studies of ways to increase the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete structures with primary protection in the form of an additive of acetone-formaldehyde resin ACF-75 and with secondary protection with a two-component resin Binder EP 11 Tikso are presented. Studies have shown that the addition of ACF-75 leads to a significant increase in the strength of concrete. The results of laboratory tests have shown that the use of concrete with the addition of ACF-75 is unacceptable in reinforced concrete structures operating in environments containing sulfuric and nitric acids, without additional corrosion protection of the surface. In the course of the study, it was proved that the samples coated in three layers with Binder EP11 Thixo resin were resistant to a 5% solution of nitric acid.
The effect of compound DM509 on kidney fibrosis in the conditions of the experimental model
Authors: Stavniichuk A. , Savchuk O. , Hye Khan Abdul , Jankiewicz Wojciech K. , Imig John D. , Merk Daniel
Published: May 2020

Kidney fibrosis is a key event in the development of chronic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal failure. Unfortunately, there are now few drugs capable of preventing fibrosis in the kidneys, which is accompanied by the progression of chronic kidney disease in the terminal stage of renal failure. The results show the effectiveness of the use of a new dual-acting agent DM509 in the prevention of renal fibrosis using a model of unilateral obstruction of the ureter in mice. DM509 is both a farnesoid X-receptor agonist and a soluble epoxyhydrolase inhibitor. In this study, there were 8-12 week old C57BL/6J males undergoing surgery, which led to the development of unilateral ureteral obstruction and a control group. Mice received DM509 (10 mg/kg/day) or DM509-free solution together with drinking water for 10 days the day before surgery. Samples of kidney and blood tissues were collected at the end of the experiment. In the unilateral ureteral obstruction group, kidney dysfunction was detected, which was accompanied by increased urea nitrogen content in the blood compared to the control group (63 ± 7 vs. 34 ± 6 mg/d). The reduction of urea nitrogen in the blood by 36 % in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction treated with DM509 is shown compared to mice with this pathology without treatment, which in turn proved the effectiveness of DM509 in preventing renal dysfunction. In mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction, which did not receive DM509, the development of kidney fibrosis with a high content of hydroxyproline in the kidneys and also increased collagen content in histological sections of the kidneys were detected. In the DM509 group, the renal and collagen hydroxyproline content was 34-66 % lower, indicating the effectiveness of this agent in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Thus, we have shown that the new DM509 is effective in preventing renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis using a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Metaphors we live by in Brazil: anthropophagic notes on classic and contemporary approaches to metaphor in the Brazilian scientific-academic context / Metáforas da Vida Cotidiana no Brasil: notas antropofágicas sobre abordagens clássicas e contemporâneas da metáfora no contexto acadêmico-científico brasileiro
Authors: Avelar Maíra , Cienki Alan
Published: May 2020

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The correlation between the conceptual metonymy and the process of generating proper names / A correlação entre a metonímia conceptual e o processo de geração dos nomes próprios
Authors: Sasaki Tania Mara Miyashiro , Isquerdo Aparecida Negri
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Proper names can be considered lexical traces that identify a specific society and time as they enable us to better understand its modus vivendi, from its social-historical-cultural context. This study selects police operations proper names as subject study, and it is guided by the hypothesis that the generation of proper names configures as a cognitive process, which makes use of conceptual metonymy as a prominent contributor for several cognitive actions for naming. Thus, the focus is to demonstrate the conceptual metonymy role in the generation process of police operations proper names manifested by its typological features. The corpus for this analysis is composed of Brazilian Federal Police operations that were triggered in 2018 and can be obtained on its official website. The adopted methodology consists of mapping the proper names taxonomies according to Eccles’ three worlds (ECCLES, 1979) and metonymy typology, based on the proposal by Radden and Kovecses (2007); Blanco-Carrión, Barcelona and Pannain (2018); in addition to the theoretical foundations proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Lakoff (1987), Silva (1997) and Biderman (1998).Keywords: proper name; conceptual metonymy; cognitive linguistics.Resumo: Nomes próprios podem ser considerados marcas lexicais que identificam uma sociedade em determinada época, à medida que possibilitam a compreensão do modus vivendi dessa sociedade a partir do contexto sócio-histórico-cultural. Esta proposta elege nomes próprios de operações policiais para objeto de estudo e é guiada pela hipótese de que a geração desses nomes se configura como um processo cognitivo que faz uso de metonímias conceptuais, as quais oferecem uma contribuição de destaque na série de ações cognitivas para a nomeação. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar o papel da metonímia conceptual no processo de geração dos nomes próprios das operações policiais manifestadas pelos traços tipológicos. O corpus para esta análise constitui-se de nomes de operações da Polícia Federal do Brasil desencadeadas no ano de 2018 e obtidos por meio de consulta ao site oficial dessa categoria de polícia. A metodologia adotada consiste no mapeamento das taxonomias dos nomes próprios de acordo com a natureza dos mundos (ECCLES, 1979) a que se reportam e no levantamento dos tipos de metonímias, baseada na proposta de Radden e Kovecses (2007) e de Blanco-Carrión, Barcelona, Pannain (2018), além da fundamentação teórica de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), Lakoff (1987), Silva (1997) e Biderman (1998).Palavras-chave: nomes próprios; metonímia conceptual; Linguística Cognitiva.
‘Great Stuff!’
Authors: Müller Eggo
Published: May 2020

In 2014, British Pathé launched its YouTube channel with more than 85,000 items of audiovisual heritage from the 20th century. This article analyses the curational strategies of this channel as developed by the German multi-channel network Mediakraft in consideration of YouTube’s algorithms and supposed user expectations. This article argues that, in the context of YouTube’s commercial ecosystem, Mediakraft’s curation emphasizes celebrities, spectacular historical events, and curiosities to attract users online.
Keeping Up the Live
Authors: Van Es Karin , Keilbach Judith
Published: May 2020

Increasingly new media platforms are making claims to liveness. Looking back in television history we also find programmes that were recorded, but kept up the claims of being live. This raises the question as to what accounts for the attraction of the live? Focusing on Ein Platz für Tiere and the Netflix Live spoof of 2017 this article discusses disparate articulations of the live and addresses the need to balance freedom, chaos and control on the part of media producers. For their greatest challenges is that boredom and chaos haunts their output simultaneously. It clarifies also how liveness is not a given property of any technology, but in fact hard work.
Tobacco and risk of oral cancer: a case control study in a tertiary care centre of Dibrugarh district
Authors: Chetia Angchuman , Baruah Rupali
Published: May 2020

Background: Oral cancer is a disease of antiquity. This chronic disease is a public health problem both in developing as well as developed countries and is among the top three cancers in India. In Assam, some aspects of traditional lifestyle and dietary habits are likely to contribute to the increasing cancer trend.Methods: The hospital-based case control study was undertaken in AMCH, Dibrugarh. Study subjects included were clinically and histopathologically confirmed new cases of oral cancer attending the hospital during the period of June 2018 to May 2019 and equal number of age and sex matched controls. The total sample size including both cases and controls was 116. A predesigned pretested schedule was used for collecting data.Results: Tobacco chewing was the strongest risk factor associated with oral cancer with odds ratio of chewers 6.13 (95% CI, 2.26-16.60). Statistically significant association was seen with duration, age at start, frequency of chewing and retaining tobacco quid overnight. The risk of developing oral cancer was 3.60 times higher (95% CI of (1.45-8.93)) among smokers compared to non-smokers.Conclusions: The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise. Due to the well-established role of lifestyle factors in the development of oral cancer, they should be considered an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality in India, and their prevention should be an important target of public health initiatives.
Randomised prospective comparative analysis of functional outcome of osteosynthesis of intra-articular distal humerus fracture using triceps reflecting and transolecrenon approach
Authors: Jagadeesh Nuthan , Sanil Nibin , M. S. Vishwanath
Published: May 2020

Background: Intra articular fractures of distal humerus is one of the demanding injuries to manage due to its complex anatomy. Open reduction internal fixation is able to achieve painless, stable and mobile joint. This study is aimed at comparing functional outcome of patients treated with triceps reflecting and olecranon osteotomy approach.

Methods: A hospital based randomized comparative study of 40 patients who diagnosed with distal humerus intraarticular fracture admitted in our hospital from April 2017 to March 2019. Triceps reflecting approach (group A) was used in 20 patients and olecranon osteotomy approach (group B) in 20 patients. Elbow range of movements and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) was used to compare outcome.

Results: The mean elbow range of motion is 95.8±13.5 degree at 1 year follow up in group A and 94.5±9.3 degree in 1 year follow up at 1 year follow up in group B. The mean MEP score at end of 1 year in group A was 93.8±2.9 and in group B was 91.5±3.2 shows excellent results but there was no statistically significant difference between MEP scores of two groups. We observed 6 patients developed extension lag less than 10 degree in group A which was clinically insignificant to patients and 7 patients developed hardware prominence in group B.

Conclusions: Triceps reflecting Bryan Morrey approach is equally effective as olecranon osteotomy approach in treatment of distal humerus intra articular fracture with less complication and operative time.
A pilot study on the short-term effects of myofascial release and core stability exercises on balance in chronic low back pain
Authors: Mavajian Mina , Fakhari Zahra , Naghdi Soofia , Bagheri Hossein , Jalaie Shohreh
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Balance disorders are among common complications of chronic low back pain (LBP). Since the tissue and echo­genicity of thoracolumbar fascia changes in chro­nic LBP, the independent motion of fascia layers would negatively alter, and it may affect the con­trol of spine movements. It has been shown that myofascial release (MFR) improves the function of transversus abdominis as a core muscle in LBP. So, MFR may affect the balance and pos­tural control in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of MFR and core stability (CS) exercises on dyna­mic balance and pain in women with chronic non-specific LBP.
Methods: In this pilot study, with a pretest-posttest design, 10 females aged 30 ± 9.04 parti­cipated. The participants received one session of MFR on thoracolumbar fascia and CS exercises. The outcome measures were dynamic balance by Y balance test (YBT) and pain with visual ana­logue scale (VAS), which were assessed before and immediately after the intervention.
Results: Dynamic balance improved signifi­cantly (p < 0.02) after intervention. The VAS as an indicator of pain intensity showed significant improvement (p = 0.005).
Conclusion: The application of MFR plus CS exercises for a single session is effective in improving dynamic balance and pain in women with chronic non-specific LBP.
Keywords: Dynamic balance; core stability; low back pain; myofascial release
A comparative study on the general health of the mothers of children with cochlear implant, hearing aid, and normal hearing
Authors: Gohari Nasrin , Sajadi Ebtesam , Azvantash Zoleikha , Khavarghazalani Bahare
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: The general health of  the mothers of children using hearing aids is highly important, and can affect their children’s progress in hearing rehabilitation programs. This study aimed to compare the general health of  the mothers of children using cochlear implants (CIs), mothers of children using hearing aids (HAs), and mothers with normal hearing (NH) children.
Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study conducted on the mothers of children using CIs (n = 19), HAs (n = 19), and NH (n = 15). Their general health was measured by the 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) in four areas of physical symptoms, anxiety symptom, social dysfunction symptom, and depression symptom.
Results: The general health of the mothers of children using CIs was significantly higher than that of the mothers with children using HAs  (p = 0.02), while it was lower than that of the mothers with NH children, but it was not statis­tically significant (p = 0.5).
Conclusion: Mothers of children using CI chil­dren have higher general health than the mothers with children using HA, and its level was close to that of the mothers with NH children. Cochlear implantation and consequently improved comm­unication is effective in improving the general health of the hearing-impaired children’s moth­ers.
Keywords: Hearing aid; cochlear implant; general health questionnaire; mothers
Demographics Factors Associated with Housewives' Attitude towards Transgenic Food Products in Yazd
Authors: Marzban Ameneh , Karimi-Nazari Elham , Farrokhian Asma , Farrokhian Amir , Barzegaran Mehran
Published: May 2020

Background: In the last two decades, genetic engineering has led to the production of genetically modified or transgenic products in the world using the modern biotechnology. However, accepting such products by consumers is still in doubt with respect to their negative effects on the environment and human health. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the attitude of housewives in Yazd towards transgenic food products.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 500 housewives in Yazd in 2018 by cluster-random sampling method. In order to collect the study data, a two-part questionnaire (demographic and attitude) was applied. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using descriptive statistics and ANOVA test.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the participants' attitude toward transgenic food products was 19.24 ± 4.92. The participants' attitude scores were significantly different considering the participants' reading the food label and education level (P < 0.05). Half of the studied women reported that they have received their information on transgenic food products through television and radio.
Conclusion: Regarding the misconceptions in people with lower levels of education and those who do not read the food labels, culture promotion is necessary. Moreover, provision of scientifically proven trainings on the advantages and disadvantages of transgenic products seems to be essential in order to develop a proper attitude in housewives in Yazd.
The Relationship of Food Insecurity and Quality of Life with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Talezadeh Shirazi Soudeh , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Ahmadi Afsane , Mazloom Zohreh , Fararouei Mohammad , Ranjbar Zahedani Maryam
Published: May 2020

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is the most prevalent human infection in half of the world population. Few studies investigated the reasons of infection to H pylori in societies. The current study was designed i to examine the relationship of food insecurity and quality of life with H pylori infection. Methods: In this case- control study, 200 candidates were selected among the people who referred to Shiraz Imam Reza Clinic. They were asked to complete the general questionnaire, food security, and quality of life questionnaires. The H pylori excremental diagnosis test was also taken from them.
 Results: The prevalence of H pylori infection was 28%. No relationship was observed between H pylori and age, gender, household size, and body mass index. However, the prevalence of H pylori infection was significantly higher in married individuals and housewives and volunteers with lower educations and those who took digestive medications. In addition, food insecurity (P = 0.04) and low quality of life (P < 0.001) were significantly high in individuals with H pylori infection. However, the possibility of suffering from H pylori infection in individuals who consume digestive medicines was 3.97 times higher than other individuals (95% CI: 2.11-7.40). Furthermore, with reduction of quality of life, the possibility of suffering from H pylori infection increased 1.77 times (95% CI: 1.203-2.591).
Conclusion: The data indicated a statistically significant increased risk of H pylori in marital status, occupation, educational level, quality of life, and food insecurity in the affected individuals. The association of food insecurity and quality of life with H pylori infection should be examined in future studies in different populations
CRISPR Gene Editing on Human Embryos
Authors: Sefid Fatemeh , Khadempar Saedeh , Shamriz Roshanak , Amjadi Nooshin
Published: May 2020

Background: With the recent development of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, the possibility to genetically influence the human germline (gametes and embryos) has become a separate technical possibility. As a powerful skill for genome engineering, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been effectively applied to adjust the genomes of several species. The purpose of this review was to appraise the technology and build concepts for the launch of precise hereditary modifications in early human embryos.
 
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the related literatures searched from PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science up to June 30, 2017 and then we extracted the essential data. In this review, we present the brief history and basic mechanisms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and significant challenges and advances in the field as a comprehensive practical guide to absorbed users of genome editing technologies. We introduce factors that influence CRISPR/Cas9 efficacy which must be addressed before effective in vivo human embryo therapy can be realized .in this review, we highlight the advancements that have been made using CRISPR/Cas9 in relation to Human Embryo.
 
Results and Conclusion: The possibility of CRISPR/Cas9 use in the context of human reproduction, to change embryos, germline cells, and pluripotent stem cells are studied created on the writers' expert belief. We discuss recent developments leading to the operation of Human Embryonic gene therapies in clinical trials and consider the predictions for future advances in this rapidly developing field.