bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Motivating Factors in Reporting Incidents of Assault in Mental Health Care
Authors: Gifford Mary Louise , Anderson Janet E.
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of assault against nursing staff in mental health care. Efforts to reduce the incidence of assault are hindered by the complexity and nature of the problem and by the fact that incidents of assault are underreported. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing nurses to report staff assault by patients in an inpatient mental health care facility. DESIGN: The study used a modified nominal group technique in which nurses worked together to identify themes in decisions about reporting incidents of assault. The participants were nurses at two sites of a mental health care organization. RESULTS: Nurses used a complex decision-making process to decide whether an incident of assault was worth reporting. Safety culture, the design of the incident reporting system, and the effect on patients were important components of the decision-making process. CONCLUSION: Strategies that consider all levels of the organization’s system should be used to improve reporting of assault incidents.
Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator of Coping Strategies and Service Outcomes in Circumstances of Service Failure
Authors: Gabbott Mark , Tsarenko Yelena , Wai Hoe Mok
Published: December 2010

Superior customer service has always been recognized as a source of competitive advantage. But as the economic environment becomes more challenging, as switching costs become lower, and many service brands are experiencing difficulties, there is a compelling need to focus upon the quality of the customer experience in order to maintain competitive positioning. This is particularly important in those circumstances where services fail. Drawing upon the notion of the customer as a cocreator of his/her own service experience, this article examines the role of a specific set of customer resources referred to as emotional intelligence (EI) in shaping customer response to a specific set of circumstances: service failure. The results show that the level of EI does predict consumer responses to service failure in terms of customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Customer EI is identified as an important consideration for service managers in understanding how customers respond to service failure and service recovery efforts. These results highlight the need for managers to consider EI as a discriminating customer variable in circumstances where emotions and emotional management are prevalent. This innate individual resource needs to be recognized in more generalized service research involving interpersonal interaction, negotiation, and conflict resolution.
The monocyte transcriptome during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: prominent expression of the Fc-receptor CD64
Authors: Neuteboom Rinze F , Verbraak Evert , Wierenga-Wolf Annet F , Voerman Jane SA , Meurs Marjan van , Swagemakers Sigrid M , Spek Peter J van de , Steegers Eric AP , Groot Christianne JM de , Laman Jon D , Hintzen Rogier Q
Published: December 2010

Background: During the third trimester of pregnancy multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity is reduced. It is not fully understood which factors mediate this disease amelioration.

Objective: To study alterations of the monocyte transcriptome during pregnancy in MS patients, using a genomewide approach to identify differentially regulated genes.

Methods: Women with MS and healthy controls were longitudinally studied, including a visit before pregnancy.

Results: RNA-microarray analysis was performed in six patients. We found a significant increase of CD64 (Fc gamma receptor 1a, FcgR1a) during the third trimester compared with baseline, confirmed by RT-PCR in a group of ten patients. Analysis with Ingenuity software was performed using all genes expression of which was altered at least 1.5-fold in at least five out of six patients. Major networks that were altered during MS pregnancy were: cell-to-cell signalling and interaction, immune response, and cell signalling. From the genes selected for Ingenuity analysis, seven additional candidate genes, selected for their biological interest, were tested using RT-PCR in ten patients with MS and nine controls. We found an increased expression of JAK2 and STAT1 directly postpartum in patients with MS and in controls.

Conclusion: The increased CD64 expression during pregnancy is indicative of enhanced innate immune functions.
The relationship between fatigue and other clinical features of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mills Roger J , Young Carolyn A
Published: December 2010

Background: There has been considerable debate regarding the precise relationships between fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) and disease-related factors, such as disability, sleep disturbance, depression, age and sex. Existing studies give conflicting information.

Objective: To clarify such relationships in a large cross-sectional study, using a rigorously developed measurement tool which was based on a clear definition of fatigue.

Method: A pack containing the Neurological Fatigue Index for MS Summary Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and questions regarding sleep and demographics was mailed to patients with MS attending two centres in the UK. All scale scores were converted to parametric measures using the Rasch measurement model. Both linear and non-linear relationships were sought.

Results: Data from 635 respondents (52% response) were analysed. Fatigue was strongly related to the impact of MS. Fatigue was worse in those with progressive disease and clearly worsened once ambulation was affected. There was only weak correlation with anxiety and depression. Fatigue was not related to disease duration or patient age. There was an intimate but complex relation between fatigue and sleep. Fatigue levels were minimum at a nocturnal sleep duration of 7.5 h.

Conclusion: Clear relationships were found between fatigue and disability, disease type and sleep. Further physiological enquiry and trials of drug treatment and sleep modulation might be guided by these clinical relationships.
Using Common Sense Model in Eating Disorders
Authors: Quiles Yolanda , Terol Ma Carmen
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to explore the relationships proposed in the Common Sense Model (CSM) in eating disorder (ED) patients. Method: 98 female (ED) patients completed measures of illness representation and psychosocial adjustment. Results: The confirmatory structural equation analysis revealed that illness representation dimensions were predictors of psychosocial adjustment. The hypothesis that coping mediates the relationship between illness representation and adjustment could not be confirmed. Conclusions: It may be helpful to consider the relationships between illness representation and adjustment when carrying out therapeutic work with these patients.
The mobile phone = bike shed? Children, sex and mobile phones
Authors: Bond Emma
Published: December 2010

This article explores children’s use of mobile phones in relation to their intimate, sexual relationships and in their development of gendered sexual identities in their everyday lives. Implications of risk and mobile phones are reflected in current media discourse and contemporary public discussions. While the concept of risk remains at the centre of current sociological debate, children have only recently been seen as active social actors within social science. Based on the accounts of 30 young people aged between 11 and 17, the article adopts a social constructivist perspective to explore the relationship between young people’s talk of sexuality and sexual acts in their discussions of mobile phone use, within the wider theoretical debates about risk and self-identity.
Imagining the Wikipedia community: What do Wikipedia authors mean when they write about their ‘community’?
Authors: Pentzold Christian
Published: December 2010

This article examines the way Wikipedia authors write their ‘community’ into being. Mobilizing concepts regarding the communicative constitution of communities, the computer-mediated conversation between editors were investigated using Grounded Theory procedures. The analysis yielded an empirically grounded theory of the users’ self-understanding of the Wikipedia community as ethos-action community. Hence, this study contributes to research on online community-building as it shifts the focus from structural criteria for communities to the discursive level of community formation.
Anthropology, multiple modernities and the axial age debate
Authors: Thomassen Bjørn
Published: December 2010

This article suggests a need to link the anthropological debate of multiple modernities more closely to Weberian social theory, elaborated among others by Shmul Eisenstadt and Eric Voegelin. This implies readdressing the question concerning the anthropological contribution to the understanding of modernity, forcing a link to historical-social theory. In this context, the article discusses the growing axial age debate in social theory, which was indeed an important background to the very idea of ‘multiple modernities’.
The Descent of Man, human nature and the nature/culture divide
Authors: Sheets-Johnstone Maxine
Published: December 2010

How does human nature, especially as typically construed within an imposed nature/ culture divide, fit into Darwin’s keen and detailed descriptions of animate life? My answer will point out omissions on each side of the nature/culture divide, a divide academically evident in the division between ‘the humanities’ on the one side and ‘the sciences’ on the other. It will proceed to concentrate attention pre-eminently on an incredible lacuna in today’s scientific research, and in research generally over the 138 years since The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex was published, namely, on the lack of recognition of, and in turn the lack of penetrating and self-enlightening research on, ‘the law of battle’ as a real human phenomenon. As described by Darwin, ‘the law of battle’ is a biological matrix, natural to humans as to other animals, though tempered by ‘civilization’. As I will show, variously aided and abetted, the matrix has not only been reduced to a cellular phenomenon, i.e. sperm competition, but has been culturally elaborated — culturally ‘exapted’, to borrow Gould and Vrba’s term — to subserve strictly cultural ends far beyond the original, ends having to do with the pursuit of various forms of ‘cultural fitness’, and this from the beginnngs of recorded human history.
Beyond border-‘dwelling’: Temporalizing the border-space through events
Authors: Radu Cosmin
Published: December 2010

Drawing on the weak presence of problematizations of the spatial and temporal in some ethnographies of borders, this article advocates more attention to the border-space and ways in which it can be more effectively temporalized. It argues that it is not sufficient to recognize ‘space’ as an implicit characteristic of borders and advances an argument for seeing the border-space as ‘becoming’, in contrast to a largely agreed understanding of that space as ‘dwelling’. Using this distinction between two kinds of space with different possibilities of temporalization and politicization, the argument goes on with two theoretico-methodological scenarios for the border-space: the actor-network theory and Max Gluckman’s situational and processual analysis. It is argued that while the first imagines network and fluid spaces, coexistent with the regional ones, the latter offers a spatiotemporal genealogy of practices through events. Overall, the article opens a debate about seeing the border-space as ‘becoming’ by addressing a series of questions. Is the border-‘becoming’ a fully spatiotemporal politics in which the state is not necessarily a central actor? Is this mode of ontologization played in great part by events set at different scales useful to the anthropology of borders?
Forging new communities: Gendered childhood through the lens of caste
Authors: Sreenivas Deepa
Published: December 2010

This article focuses on the narratives of two dalit women which offer new, enabling imaginings of community that open up radical possibilities for rethinking questions of childhood and gender. These texts turn a critical gaze on an upper caste feminist practice and the discourses of childhood, schooling and emancipation that are tied to it. Childhood has been hegemonically represented as a state of innocence and vulnerability and is marked off from the world of adult anxieties and responsibilities. Such representations are generally implicated in abstract, internationalist notions of child rights and remain disengaged from the historical contexts that shape children’s lives. The dominant discourse of the girl child does not problematize the field qualifying as childhood; instead, it proposes that the female child has been excluded from the same. The cause of this exclusion is identified as gender discrimination, reinforcing the primacy of sexual difference and allowing it to subsume all other forms of differences — caste, class, region or community — that exist among children. The article argues that these two narratives disrupt the neat separation between the modernizing nation/ emancipatory self and the regressive community. As each narrative takes us through the life of a dalit girl, it articulates a critique of gender as a category abstracted from material circumstances that constitute women’s lives. Gender in these narratives emerges as complexly intermeshed with caste and community.
Children in an open world: Mobility as ontology in New Iranian and Turkish cinema
Authors: Lury Karen
Published: December 2010

In a series of non-Western films — Times and Winds, A Time for Drunken Horses, Turtles Can Fly and Buddha Collapsed out of Shame — contemporary child figures inhabit their world in a manner that demonstrates the child’s resilience and their intimacy with the land. Drawing on non-representational theory (NRT) and relating this to feminist theories of affect and subjectivity, the article suggests that these films present child figures for whom mobility has effectively become their ontology and that this demonstrates that there may be a different form of kinship between the natural world and the child. This is not to romanticize this connection or to essentialize the child: this relationship is revealed to be not idyllic but affectively ‘open’ in a way that may be terrifying as well as liberating.
Childhood, queer theory, and feminism
Authors: Lesnik-Oberstein Karín
Published: December 2010

Departing from the theoretical position that childhood is a construction of identity, this article examines queer theory about childhood, arguing that definitions of ‘queer theory’ and of ‘childhood’ affect each other specifically in complex ways. In relation to this, it is argued that even where ‘queer theory’ defines itself as the dismantling of foundational categories, childhood often escapes this dismantling inadvertently and unintentionally. The reasons for, and implications of, this are explored.
The Use of Homework Success for a Child With Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type
Authors: Resnick Alexis , Reitman David
Published: December 2010

This case study describes use of the Homework Success Program (HSP) for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), predominantly inattentive type. Larry, an 8-year-old boy, presented with homework-related difficulties, including difficulty “focusing” and “sustaining attention,” becoming “easily distracted,” spending 3 to 4 hr per night on homework, forgetting to bring home books, and inconsistently writing down assignments in his planner. Treatment with the HSP included a seven-session intervention with a 1- and 7-month follow-up, which resulted in parent-reported improvements in Larry’s homework performance, homework completion time, and the percentage of homework completed. Parental satisfaction with the program was noted. Results of treatment revealed minimal change in teacher-reported academic performance. Recommendations for successful implementation of the HSP are provided.
What Do People Living With HIV/AIDS Expect From Their Physicians? Professional Expertise and the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Guenter Dale , Gillett James , Cain Roy , Pawluch Dorothy , Travers Robb
Published: December 2010

This qualitative study identifies the types of professional expertise that physicians are seen to possess in clinical encounters from the perspective of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Respondents looked to their physicians for expert knowledge in 3 key areas: medical/clinical; legal/statutory; and ethical/moral. Physicians were seen to be authorities in each of these areas and their judgments, though not always agreed with, were taken seriously and influenced the health care decisions made by PLWHA. The authority that comes with professional expertise in each of the areas identified was experienced both positively and negatively by PLWHA. Understanding the expectations of patients in the medical encounter can assist physicians in providing optimal care in the management of HIV/AIDS.
Virologic and Immunologic Effectiveness of Tipranavir/Ritonavir (TPV/r)- Versus Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r)-Based Regimens in Clinical Practice
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Raboud J.M. , Diong C. , Su D. , Dewhurst N. , Buckley V. , Kovacs C. , Rachlis A. , Brunetta J. , Smith G. , Gough K. , Fletcher D. , Loutfy M.R.
Published: December 2010

Background: Although both tipranavir and darunavir are important options for the management of patients with multidrug resistant HIV, there are at present no studies comparing the effectiveness and safety of these 2 antiretroviral drugs in this population of patients. Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of ritonavir (TPV/r)- and darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/ r)-based therapies in treatment-experienced patients (n = 38 and 47, respectively). Methods: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Results: The median baseline viral load and CD4 count were 4.7 copies/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3, 5.2) and 168 cells/mm 3 (IQR 80, 252) for TPV/r patients and 4.7 copies/mL (IQR 3.7, 5.1) and 171 cells/mm3 (IQR 92, 290) for DRV/r patients. The median number of years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to starting DRV/r or TPV/r were 12.7 (10.2-15.5) and 10.5 (8.4-12.6), respectively (P < .01). Current raltegravir (RAL) use (odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% CI 1.08-28.34) was significantly associated with virologic suppression at week 24 in multivariable logistic regression models, whereas the use of TPV/r was not significantly associated with virologic suppression compared to DRV/r (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.27-3.18, P = .91). Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between DRV/r and TPV/r in terms of virologic suppression.
Modeling of Underwater Bomb Trajectory for Mine Clearance
Authors: Chu Peter C , Bushnell Jillene M , Chenwu Fan  , Watson Kennard P
Published: December 2010

The falling of a Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) through a water column was modeled using a six degrees of freedom model (called STRIKE35), which contains three components: hydrodynamics, semi-empirical determination of the drag/ lift/torque coefficients (depending on the Reynolds number and the angle of attack), and water surface characteristics.To validate and verify this model, three underwater bomb trajectory tests were conducted in the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWC/WD) in the middle of Indian Wells Valley, California. During the test, several JDAMs were dropped from an airplane into two frustum ponds with the same bottom diameter of approximately 30.5 m, different surface diameters (61 m, 79 m), and different depths (7.6 m, 12.1 m). High-speed digital cameras with light/pressure sensors, and a global positioning system were used to record the location and orientation of JDAMs. Model—data inter comparison shows the capability of STRIKE35, which may lead to a new approach (breaching technology) of sea mine clearance in very shallow water (water depth less than 12.2 m, i.e. 40 ft).
Action’s Influence on Thought: The Case of Gesture
Authors: Goldin-Meadow Susan , Beilock Sian L.
Published: December 2010

Recent research has shown that people’s actions can influence how they think. A separate body of research has shown that the gestures people produce when they speak can also influence how they think. In this article, we bring these two literatures together to explore whether gesture has an effect on thinking by virtue of its ability to reflect real-world actions. We first argue that gestures contain detailed perceptual-motor information about the actions they represent, information often not found in the speech that accompanies the gestures. We then show that the action features in gesture do not just reflect the gesturer’s thinking––they can feed back and alter that thinking. Gesture actively brings action into a speaker’s mental representations, and those mental representations then affect behavior––at times more powerfully than do the actions on which the gestures are based. Gesture thus has the potential to serve as a unique bridge between action and abstract thought.
Structural Models and the Art of Approximation
Authors: McDonald Roderick P.
Published: December 2010

Structural equation models have provided a seemingly rigorous method for investigating causal relations in nonexperimental data in the presence of measurement error or multiple measures of putative causes or effects. Methods have been developed for fitting these very complex models globally and obtaining global fit statistics or global measures of their approximation to sample data. Structural equation models are idealizations that can serve only as approximations to real multivariate data. Further, these models are multidimensional, and the approximation is itself multidimensional. Tests of “significance” and global indices of approximation do not provide an adequate basis for judging the acceptability of the approximation. Standard applications of structural models use a composite of two models—a measurement (path) model and a path (causal) model. Separate analyses of the measurement model and the path model provide an informed judgment, whereas the composite global analysis can easily yield unreasonable conclusions. Separating the component models enables a careful assessment of the actual constraints implied by the path model, using recently developed methods. An empirical example shows how the conventional global treatment yields unacceptable conclusions.
A small-molecule inhibitor of D-cyclin transactivation displays preclinical efficacy in myeloma and leukemia via phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
Authors: Mao Xinliang , Cao Biyin , Wood Tabitha E. , Hurren Rose , Tong Jiefei , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Wenjie , Li Jie , Jin Yueping , Sun Wenxian , Spagnuolo Paul A. , MacLean Neil , Moran Michael F. , Datti Alessandro , Wrana Jeffery , Batey Robert A. , Schimmer Aaron D.
Published: December 2010

D-cyclins are universally dysregulated in multiple myeloma and frequently overexpressed in leukemia. To better understand the role and impact of dysregulated D-cyclins in hematologic malignancies, we conducted a high-throughput screen for inhibitors of cyclin D2 transactivation and identified 8-ethoxy-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-nitro-2H-chromene (S14161), which inhibited the expression of cyclins D1, D2, and D3 and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase. After D-cyclin suppression, S14161 induced apoptosis in myeloma and leukemia cell lines and primary patient samples preferentially over normal hematopoietic cells. In mouse models of leukemia, S14161 inhibited tumor growth without evidence of weight loss or gross organ toxicity. Mechanistically, S14161 inhibited the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in intact cells and the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases α, β, δ, and γ in a cell-free enzymatic assay. In contrast, it did not inhibit the enzymatic activities of other related kinases, including the mammalian target of rapamycin, the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. Thus, we identified a novel chemical compound that inhibits D-cyclin transactivation via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Given its potent antileukemia and antimyeloma activity and minimal toxicity, S14161 could be developed as a novel agent for blood cancer therapy.
Insulin resistance and circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic modulation
Authors: Rodríguez-Colón Sol M , Li Xian , Shaffer Michele L , He Fan , Bixler Edward O , Vgontzas Alexandros N , Cai Jianwen , Liao Duanping
Published: December 2010

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), is also associated with CVD mortality and CVD morbidity. Currently, there are limited data about the impairment of IR on the circadian pattern of CAM. Therefore, we conducted this investigation to exam the association between IR and the circadian oscillations of CAM in a community-dwelling middle-aged sample.

Method

Homeostasis models of IR (HOMA-IR), insulin, and glucose were used to assess IR. CAM was measured by HRV analysis from a 24-hour electrocardiogram. Two stage modeling was used in the analysis. In stage one, for each individual we fit a cosine periodic model based on the 48 segments of HRV data. We obtained three individual-level cosine parameters that quantity the circadian pattern: mean (M), measures the overall average of a HRV index; amplitude (Â), measures the amplitude of the oscillation of a HRV index; and acrophase time (θ), measures the timing of the highest oscillation. At the second stage, we used a random-effects-meta-analysis to summarize the effects of IR variables on the three circadian parameters of HRV indices obtained in stage one of the analysis.

Results

In persons without type diabetes, the multivariate adjusted β (SE) of log HOMA-IR and M variable for HRV were -0.251 (0.093), -0.245 (0.078), -0.19 (0.06), -4.89 (1.76), -3.35 (1.31), and 2.14 (0.995), for log HF, log LF, log VLF, SDNN, RMSSD and HR, respectively (allP< 0.05). None of the IR variables were significantly associated with Â or θ of the HRV indices. However, in eight type 2 diabetics, the magnitude of effect due to higher HOMA-IR on M, Â, and θ are much larger.

Conclusion

Elevated IR, among non-diabetics significantly impairs the overall mean levels of CAM. However, the Â or θ of CAM were not significantly affected by IR, suggesting that the circadian mechanisms of CAM are not impaired. However, among persons with type 2 diabetes, a group clinically has more severe form of IR, the adverse effects of increased IR on all three HRV circadian parameters are much larger.
Estimating natural fracture producibility in tight gas sandstones: Coupling diagenesis with geomechanical modeling
Authors: Olson Jon E. , Laubach Stephen E. , Eichhubl Peter
Published: December 2010

Natural fracture attributes important for tight gas reservoir characterization include hydraulic aperture, length, spacing, and connectivity. All of these parameters contribute to the permeability of the fractured reservoir, but many are difficult to observe and/or quantify with core, logs, or seismic. Our approach to estimating permeability for fractured layers is to augment direct fracture observation with geomechanical modeling and diagenetic characterization.
Reduced Melanoma After Regular Sunscreen Use: Randomized Trial Follow-Up
Authors: Green Adèle C. , Williams Gail M. , Logan Valerie , Strutton Geoffrey M.
Published: December 2010

Purpose

Regular sunscreen use prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma long term, but the effect on melanoma is highly controversial. We evaluated whether long-term application of sunscreen decreases risk of cutaneous melanoma.

Participants and Methods

In 1992, 1,621 randomly selected residents of Nambour, a township in Queensland, Australia, age 25 to 75 years, were randomly assigned to daily or discretionary sunscreen application to head and arms in combination with 30 mg beta carotene or placebo supplements until 1996. Participants were observed until 2006 with questionnaires and/or through pathology laboratories and the cancer registry to ascertain primary melanoma occurrence.

Results

Ten years after trial cessation, 11 new primary melanomas had been identified in the daily sunscreen group, and 22 had been identified in the discretionary group, which represented a reduction of the observed rate in those randomly assigned to daily sunscreen use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.02; P = .051). The reduction in invasive melanomas was substantial (n = 3 in active v 11 in control group; HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.97) compared with that for preinvasive melanomas (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.81).

Conclusion

Melanoma may be preventable by regular sunscreen use in adults.
Phase III Trial of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Compared With Observation in Patients With Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Neurocognitive and Quality-of-Life Analysis
Authors: Sun Alexander , Bae Kyounghwa , Gore Elizabeth M. , Movsas Benjamin , Wong Stuart J. , Meyers Christina A. , Bonner James A. , Schild Steven E. , Gaspar Laurie E. , Bogart Jeffery A. , Werner-Wasik Maria , Choy Hak
Published: December 2010

Purpose

There are scant data regarding the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on neurocognitive function (NCF) and quality of life (QOL). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 0214 showed no overall survival (OS) benefit for PCI in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 1 year. However, there was a significant decrease in brain metastases (BM). This analysis focuses on the impact of PCI on NCF and QOL.

Patients and Methods

Patients with stage III NSCLC who completed definitive therapy without progression were randomly assigned to PCI or observation. NCF was assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). QOL was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core tool (QOL Questionnaire-QLQC30) and brain module (QLQBN20).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences at 1 year between the two arms in any component of the EORTC-QLQC30 or QLQBN20 (P > .05), although a trend for greater decline in patient-reported cognitive functioning with PCI was noted. There were no significant differences in MMSE (P = .60) or ADLS (P = .88). However, for HVLT, there was greater decline in immediate recall (P = .03) and delayed recall (P = .008) in the PCI arm at 1 year.

Conclusion

PCI in stage III NSCLC significantly decreases the risk of BM without improving 1-year OS. There were no significant differences in global cognitive function (MMSE) or QOL after PCI, but there was a significant decline in memory (HVLT) at 1 year. This study provides prospective data regarding the relative risks and benefits of PCI in this setting and the need to use sensitive cognitive assessments.
What to the American Indian Is the Fourth of July? Moving beyond Abolitionist Rhetoric in William Apess's Eulogy on King Philip
Authors: Lopenzina Drew
Published: December 2010

Nineteenth-century Pequot minister William Apess has appeared to many readers over the years as a Native American figure who fully assimilated into the expectations of the dominant culture, his role as Christian minister placing an insuperable distance between him and the traditions of his people. More recently, critics have come to find in Apess a radical voice latching on to the power of the pulpit and the rhetoric of the abolitionist movement to argue for Native rights. In either case, Apess seems to have risen up from a kind of intellectual vacuum with no way of accounting for his inspired activism. Lopenzina seeks to relocate Apess within the intellectual traditions of the Native northeast. If Apess appears as an isolated figure, having achieved a measure of success in spite of his inauspicious origins, this may have something to do with the oral methodologies of Native peoples in the nineteenth century and the archival absences imposed by a settler culture determined to make Natives “vanish” from the colonial scene. When we make the attempt to regard Apess's narrative from “Native space,” weighing the loose materials of his life as he recorded them against a deeper understanding of indigenous tradition and practice, we begin to see Apess as an active participant in a network of Native community and belief. Eulogy on King Philip shows Apess connecting with Native methodologies in heretofore unnoticed ways, drawing on traditional Native diplomacy and the “tragic wisdom” of his people to carve out a message of interracial peace.
Serpentine Figures, Sinuous Relations: Thematic Geometry in Allison Hedge Coke's Blood Run
Authors: Allen Chadwick
Published: December 2010

Allison Hedge Coke's remarkable sequence of two narrative and sixty-four persona poems, Blood Run, gives voice to the traditions of Indigenous North American mound-building cultures and, most strikingly, to Indigenous earthworks themselves. Central to this project is the poet's literary resurrection of a destroyed snake effigy mound once central to the Blood Run earthworks site, located on what is now the Iowa-South Dakota border, which she performs by citing the terrestrial form and celestial alignments of the majestic Serpent Mound extant in southern Ohio. Analysis of the thematic and structural complex Hedge Coke builds for her “Snake Mound” and “Stone Snake Effigy” persona poems reveals the multiple ways she simulates earthworks technologies, based in methods of Indigenous science, both in the strategic placement of individual poems within the sequence and in the complex geometry that underlies their free-verse forms. This subtle mathematical patterning, based on the natural numbers four, three, and seven and on the sequence of the first twenty-four primes, provides the foundation for a contemporary earthworks poetics. Hedge Coke explicates an older form of Indigenous writing, produced not simply on the land but throughthe medium of the land itself, while recording an activist witnessing of historical and ongoing attempts at its erasure.
The Western Balkans: New Politics for a New Age
Authors: Josipović Ivo
Published: December 2010

The president of the Republic of Croatia analyzes the progress made by his country since the end of the Balkan conflicts. He points to its progress toward European integration and provides advice for Croatia's neighbors on how to heal past wounds by looking to a future of cooperation that is free of narrow nationalistic agendas.
Greece's Debt Crisis: A National Tragedy of European Proportions
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos
Published: December 2010

Contrary to the view of most analysts, Nikolaos Zahariadis argues that Greece's debt crisis is a European Union shortcoming with national and global dimensions. This does not mean that Greece's profligate spending does not play a major role in this tragedy. Zahariadis states that, instead, viewing it simply as a Greek problem that needs to be isolated and “corrected” will not solve a fundamental issue that underlies Europe's predicament. There cannot be successful monetary integration without robust movement toward fiscal and perhaps political integration.
Developing a measure of health-related quality of life for women with cervical dysplasia resulting from human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Rao D , Gela N , Daley E M , Kattezham R , Rodriguez G , Cella D
Published: December 2010

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the USA, and has major physical and psychological consequences including fear, anxiety and stigma. To date, there is no measure of health-related quality of life specifically designed to assess symptoms and functioning for people with cervical dysplasia resulting from HPV infection. In the present study, we set out to develop a disease-specific measure of health-related quality of life among women with low-grade cervical dysplasia. We conducted literature reviews, open-ended interviews with patients, clinician surveys and cognitive interviews which guided item development. The result is a preliminary 36-item measure, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD), which sets out to assess the physical and psychological health-related quality-of-life aspects of cervical dysplasia and will be validated in an upcoming study.
Prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in a high-risk occupational group: the case of fishermen along Lake Victoria in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Kwena Z A , Bukusi E A , Ng'ayo M O , Buffardi A L , Nguti R , Richardson B , Sang N M , Holmes K
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among fishermen along Lake Victoria, Kenya. This cross-sectional study surveyed 250 fishermen from beaches in Kisumu District using proportional-to-size sampling based on the number of registered boats per beach. Participants provided demographic and sexual behaviour information, blood for HIV-1 herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and syphilis serological tests urine for transcription-mediated amplification assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and penile and scrotal swabs for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA assay. Consistent condom use with the three most recent sexual partners was reported by 30%; 38% reported concurrent sexual partnerships and 65% reported ever having transactional sex. HIV seroprevalence was 26%, HSV-2 seroprevalence by Western blot assay was 58% and 9.5% were rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay positive. Genital HPV DNA of any type was detected in 57.2% with 74% of these having two or more HPV types. C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were detected in 3.2% and 1.2% respectively. Risk factors for syphilis seropositivity included working on multiple beaches during the past year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–11.28). HPV infection was associated with owning a radio which is a marker for higher socioeconomic status (AOR 6.33; 95% CI 2.94–7.14) and reporting transactional sex with the most recent sexual partner (AOR 3.03; 95% CI 1.23–7.69). In conclusion, 90% of fishermen had evidence of one or more STIs. This exceptionally high-risk occupational group represents a high priority for preventive interventions.
Now We Are Talking Trash
Authors: Cullenbine Christopher , Van Dinter Jennifer
Published: December 2010

A nameless company in a densely populated metropolitan landscape far away considers opening a new landfill. The location of the new landfill and the time at which it becomes operational impact the overall waste transportation costs of large trash haulers. Furthermore, landfill ownership influences which landfills trash haulers prefer to use; i.e., trash haulers prefer to use landfills owned by the same parent company when possible. We seek an optimal allocation of waste to minimize overall transportation costs while adhering to landfill-ownership preference constraints.
A Quarter of a Century of Academia–Industry Interfacing: The Alabama Productivity Center
Authors: Miller David M.
Published: December 2010

Academic outreach and interactions with industry can take on many faces and delivery modes. Some of these efforts focus mainly on student learning, others on supporting faculty research interests, whereas others are primarily university service in nature. This paper reports the experiences of a 24-year initiative that has been successful in touching all three of these bases. We report on the model we have followed, on what has worked for us, and on what has not; we also discuss the lessons we learned that may benefit other universities with initiatives designed to provide a win-win outreach outcome.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin
Published: December 2010

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. For more information about book reviews, please send an e-mail to interfacesbookreviews@gmail.com .

The authors or editors of books that we review in this issue are Rainer Burkard, Mauro Dell'Amico, Silvano Martell, Dylan Jones, Mehrdad Tamiz, and Dianne P. O' Leary.
The many roads to risk communication in Spain
Authors: González Garca Marta I.
Published: December 2010

Risk communication has evolved in the last few years, from the simple issue of how to translate and present quantitative estimates in such a way that they will speak for themselves, to a more complex view of both risk and its public. In this article I focus on the diversity of approaches
emerging from different disciplinary fields with an interest in risk and its communication. It is possible to identify common subjects and convergent conceptualizations applied to case studies of both ordinary and extraordinary risks and their communication. As with the international literature,
the research performed on risk communication in Spain reflects the power of the communicative turn. I argue that extending the communicative turn in all its potential would contribute to improving integral risk management.
Nollywood on the Internet: A preliminary analysis of an online Nigerian video-film audience
Authors: Obiaya Ikechukwu
Published: December 2010

The prolificacy of the Nigerian video-film industry, tagged Nollywood, has attracted wide attention and won the acclaim of a large cross-border audience. The success of the video-films is largely attributed to their nature as popular art, created by the people for the people. Popular
art is noted for its openness to novelty, and the accessibility of the video technology has had an important role to play in the development of this industry. This same openness to technology can be applied to the audience of popular art, which, given its greater involvement in the performance,
holds a key position in the promotion of such culture. The development of new information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, has led to an increased participation of audiences in general. This has brought about new considerations in terms of audience research. This article
takes a preliminary look at the online presence of the Nigerian video-film audience with the goal of determining whether the Internet has brought about any changes in this popular art audience. It concludes that the use of the Internet has not changed the characteristics of the popular art
audience, but has enhanced them, giving this audience a greater visibility.
National hysteria: the first year of reality TV in Slovakia
Authors: Barrer Peter
Published: December 2010

In 2005, the Slovak print and broadcast media discussed reality TV events as avidly as anything from the fields of politics, economics or culture. While the majority of entertainment programming on Slovak television is of foreign origin, the arrival of reality TV programmes that involved
the use of local and foreign ordinary contestants in unscripted settings before the gaze of a directly participating national audience appeared to redefine Slovak media culture for that year. Following an examination of the central properties of reality TV that have determined its worldwide
success with national audiences, the ways in which reality TV reflected Slovak society will be discussed. In the absence of any ethnographic research, this article refers to a range of contemporary mass media sources collected in Slovakia and accessed electronically to assess the characteristic
properties and developments of reality TV programming in Slovakia, its national impact on Slovak media culture and its possible implications for national self-perception through an examination of the discourses that defined Slovak reality TV in its first year of broadcast.
Eine aufgeschobene Peripetie. Zum Zusammenhang von Modernität und Malerei in Jonas Lies Familien paa Gilje (1883) und Grabows Kat (1880)
Authors: Schiedermair Joachim
Published: December 2010

In Scandinavian literary history, the name of Jonas Lie is closely associated with literary impressionism. Impressionism is used as evidence of a mode of writing that is modern. This article wants to find out about the connection between modernity and visual culture beyond impressionism. We shall see that Lies relationship towards modernity is extremely ambivalent. The two analysed texts
Nocturnal activity of Iranian jerboa, Allactaga firouzi (Mammalia: Rodentia: Dipodidae)
Authors: Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Naderi Gholamreza , Karami Mahmoud , Mohammadi Saeed
Published: December 2010

The study of the nocturnal activity pattern of Iranian jerboa showed that this species stayed out of the burrow nests for a large part of the night during the first and last weeks of the lunar month, whereby their nocturnal activities markedly decreased from a half to a full moon. The scale of activity was higher when the moon was low than when it was high. Additionally, activity shifted somewhat from open to vegetation cover when the moon was high. The higher predation risk in brighter nights is supposed to be the main reason for such an activity pattern.
Vampire bats, Desmodus rotundus, feeding on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
Authors: Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Botello Francisco , Magaña-Cota Gloria , Iglesias Jesús
Published: December 2010

No abstract available
The Soul of Evolution
Authors: Manhein Mary H.
Published: December 2010

Stephen Jay Gould. Evolution and Human Equality. Cambridge, Mass.: Insight Video, 875 Main Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. Available in VHS, BETA I, II; Running Time: 42 minutes; $200.
Who's Exploiting Whom? Agency, Fieldwork, and Representation among Lauje of Indonesia
Authors: Nourse Jennifer W.
Published: December 2010

This article focuses on two events; my 1985 confrontation with a thief who stole my shoes, my husband's shoes, and some clothing, and the subsequent public response to that accusation. Reconsidering the event 17 years later, I reflect on my own complicity in creating the conflict, others' motivations for gossiping about the thief in the first place, and the thief and his friends' motivations for shouting, “American, go home!” I situate myself and the other actors—the thief, the members of the crowd, and gossips outside the conflict—within the political and economic context in which the encounter occurred and consider whether it is possible to delineate the various actors' intentions. I question scholarly assumptions (inspired by Said's Orientalism [1978]) that seem to portray fieldwork as a one‐sided endeavor in which Western agents/ethnographers misrepresent non‐Western others, even act as domineering agents, while the locals are passive victims, without power and agency of their own. Employing a nonreductive feminist theory of agency, I consider the ways in which participants and behind‐the‐scenes gossips exercise a form of agency to implement their desires while simultaneously being constrained by their positions of powerlessness. My conclusion ends with lingering questions about whether it is possible to “really” interpret others' motivations. I propose that a reflexive awareness of my own and others' power and agency can help ameliorate misrepresentation, though never resolve it.
Metropolitan Spaces: a Panel of Essays on the Production of Histories and Identities in East–Central Europe
Authors: Rotenberg Robert
Published: December 2010

METROPOLITAN SPACES is a set of essays each concerned with how, and under what circumstances, people living in the same city come to see themselves as sharing an identity. For contemporary city dwellers, forging a link between who they are and where they live is increasingly problematic because of the rapid changes in place and self in the metropolis. All of the papers focus on Vienna or Berlin, but as case studies, they offer insights into the processes of identity formation for other cities as well.