bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary lifestyle therapy improves binge eating symptoms and body image dissatisfaction in Brazilian obese adults
Authors: Carvalho-Ferreira Joana Pereira de , Cipullo Marcos Alberto Taddeo , Caranti Danielle Arisa , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Andrade-Silva Stephan Garcia , Pisani Luciana Pellegrini , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda
Published: January 2013

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is related to numerous negative consequences for physical and mental health. It is often associated with the presence of binge eating disorder, body image dissatisfaction, and general psychopathology. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of an interdisciplinary lifestyle therapy on binge eating symptoms, depression, anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and quality of life in obese adults. METHODS: A total of 49 obese adults (body mass index = 37.35±5.82 kg/m²; age = 44.14±10.00 years) participated in a weight-loss program for 6 months. Symptoms suggestive of binge eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured using self-reported questionnaires. Food intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: ANOVA results showed a reduction in binge eating symptoms and in body dissatisfaction results. Depression and anxiety symptoms also decreased, and an increase was observed in quality of life scores. After therapy, a significant improvement was observed in dietary patterns, as well as significant weight loss. A positive correlation was found between variation of anxiety symptoms and lipid intake. Binge eating symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and body image dissatisfaction, and body image dissatisfaction correlated positively with anxiety symptoms in males only. In females, a positive correlation was observed between depression and binge eating symptoms. CONCLUSION: The interdisciplinary therapy was effective in promoting positive physical and psychological changes and in improving the quality of life of obese adults.
Tobacco chippers seeking assistance for smoking cessation: a case series
Authors: Pires Gabriel Natan , Figueiró Luciana Rizzieri , Ferigolo Maristela , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser , Dantas Denise Conceição Mesquita
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of cases of tobacco chippers (TCs) who sought assistance for smoking cessation. DESCRIPTION OF CASES: We describe the case of three TCs who participated in a free quit-smoking support group. Smokers answered self-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, smoking history, nicotine dependence, perceived health status, and motivational stages. Of the 183 smokers enrolled in the program, three (1.6%) were considered TCs. All three were women and reported alcohol use, although at low frequencies. Two of them reported the presence of potentially tobacco-related disease. All TCs presented light nicotine dependence and reported difficulties quitting smoking. All dropped out after the first group meeting. COMMENTS: This study describes a subgroup of smokers not extensively described in the literature: TCs seeking assistance for smoking cessation, with some degree of nicotine dependence, and who do not adhere to regular group therapy. Interventions aimed at this population may be an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.
The Potential Role of Aerobic Exercise to Modulate Cardiotoxicity of Molecularly Targeted Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Scott Jessica M. , Lakoski Susan , Mackey John R. , Douglas Pamela S. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Jones Lee W.
Published: January 2013

Molecularly targeted therapeutics (MTT) are the future of cancer systemic therapy. They have already moved from palliative therapy for advanced solid malignancies into the setting of curative-intent treatment for early-stage disease. Cardiotoxicity is a frequent and potentially serious adverse complication of some targeted therapies, leading to a broad range of potentially life-threatening complications, therapy discontinuation, and poor quality of life. Low-cost pleiotropic interventions are therefore urgently required to effectively prevent and/or treat MTT-induced cardiotoxicity. Aerobic exercise therapy has the unique capacity to modulate, without toxicity, multiple gene expression pathways in several organ systems, including a plethora of cardiac-specific molecular and cell-signaling pathways implicated in MTT-induced cardiac toxicity. In this review, we examine the molecular signaling of antiangiogenic and HER2-directed therapies that may underpin cardiac toxicity and the hypothesized molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective properties of aerobic exercise. It is hoped that this knowledge can be used to maximize the benefits of small molecule inhibitors, while minimizing cardiac damage in patients with solid malignancies.
Radiotherapy Can Improve the Disease-Free Survival Rate in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients with T1–T2 Disease and One to Three Positive Lymph Nodes After Mastectomy
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Yu Xiaoli , Chen Jiayi , Yang Zhaozhi , Shao Zhimin , Zhang Zhen , Guo Xiaomao , Feng Yan
Published: January 2013

Learning Objectives

Evaluate the effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in terms of locoregional recurrence-free survival and disease-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Identify the subgroup of TNBC patients most likely to benefit from PMRT. Assess the role of PMRT in TNBC patients with intermediate-risk (T1/2N1) disease.

Purpose.

Several studies have demonstrated poor locoregional control in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), compared with other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We sought to evaluate whether or not postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes in TNBC patients.

Methods and Materials.

Between January 2000 and July 2007, 553 TNBC patients treated with modified radical mastectomy from a single institution were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were categorized into three groups: low risk (stage T1–T2N0), intermediate risk (stage T1–T2N1), and high risk (stage T3–T4 and/or N2–N3). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between PMRT and LRFS and DFS times after adjusting for other clinicopathologic covariates.

Results.

With a median follow-up of 65 months (range, 1–140 months), 51 patients (9.2%) developed locoregional recurrence and 135 patients (24.4%) experienced disease recurrence. On multivariate analysis, PMRT was associated with significantly longer LRFS and DFS times in the entire cohort. In the intermediate-risk group, PMRT was associated with a longer DFS time but not with the LRFS interval. In the high-risk group, PMRT was associated with significantly longer LRFS and DFS times.

Conclusion.

PMRT is associated with longer LRFS and DFS times in high-risk TNBC patients and a longer DFS time in intermediate-risk TNBC patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed to investigate the best locoregional treatment approaches for patients with this molecular subtype of breast cancer.
The End-of-Life Phase of High-Grade Glioma Patients: Dying With Dignity?
Authors: Sizoo Eefje M. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Uitdehaag Bernard , Heimans Jan J. , Deliens Luc , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Pasman H. Roeline W.
Published: January 2013

Background.

In the end-of-life (EOL) phase, high-grade glioma (HGG) patients have a high symptom burden and often lose independence because of physical and cognitive dysfunction. This might affect the patient's personal dignity. We aimed to (a) assess the proportion of HGG patients dying with dignity as perceived by their relatives and (b) identify disease and care factors correlated with dying with dignity in HGG patients.

Methods.

We approached relatives of a cohort of 155 deceased HGG patients for the study. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning the EOL phase of the patient, covering several subthemes: (a) symptoms and signs, (b) health-related quality of life, (c) decision making, (d) place and quality of EOL care, and (e) dying with dignity.

Results.

Relatives of 81 patients participated and 75% indicated that the patient died with dignity. These patients had fewer communication deficits, experienced fewer transitions between health care settings in the EOL phase, and more frequently died at their preferred place of death. Relatives were more satisfied with the physician providing EOL care and reported that the physician adequately explained treatment options. Multivariate analysis identified satisfaction with the physician, the ability to communicate, and the absence of transitions between settings as most predictive of a dignified death.

Conclusions.

Physicians caring for HGG patients in the EOL phase should timely focus on explaining possible treatment options, because patients experience communication deficits toward death. Physicians should strive to allow patients to die at their preferred place and avoid transitions during the last month of life.
Lower-Limb Drainage Mapping for Lymphedema Risk Reduction After Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Bats Anne-Sophie , Nos Claude , Bensaïd Chérazade , Le Frère-Belda Marie-Aude , Collignon Marie-Anne , Faraggi Marc , Lécuru Fabrice
Published: January 2013

Learning Objectives

Identify lower-limb drainage nodes preoperatively and during pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer. Map lower-limb drainage nodes during pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer, using the “reverse mapping” concept. Preserve lower-limb drainage nodes during pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer in order to reduce the risk of lower limb lymphedema.

Objectives.

Pelvic lymphadenectomy is associated with a significant risk of lower-limb lymphedema. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the feasibility of identifying the lower-limb drainage nodes (LLDNs) during pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer. Secondary objectives were to map lower-limb drainage and to assess the diagnostic value of our mapping technique.

Methods.

This prospective study included patients with endometrial cancer requiring pelvic lymphadenectomy, without neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy and without history of lower-limb surgery. A radiopharmaceutical was injected into both feet on the day before surgery. LLDNs were identified using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative isotopic probe detection, then removed before complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. LLDNs and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens underwent separate histological analysis.

Results.

Of the 12 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer, 10 underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, which consistently identified inguinal, femoral, and pelvic LLDNs (detection rate: 100%). The intraoperative detection rate was 83% (10/12). Median number of hot nodes per patient was 5 nodes (range: 3–7) on the right and 3 nodes (range: 2–6) on the left. Of 107 LLDNs, 106 were in the external iliac area, including 38 in the lateral group and 45 in the intermediate and medial groups. None of the patients had node metastases at any site. No early complications related to the technique occurred.

Conclusion.

Our mapping technique appears feasible, safe, and associated with a high LLDN identification rate. LLDN mapping may allow the preservation of LLDNs, thereby decreasing the risk of lower-limb lymphedema and improving quality of life.
A Comparison of in vivo Cellular Responses to CS-137 Gamma Rays and 320-KV X Rays
Authors: Scott B. R. , Gott K. M. , Potter C. A. , Wilder J.
Published: January 2013

Research reported here relates to comparing the relative effectiveness of 320-kV X rays compared to Cs-137 gamma rays for two in vivo endpoints in C.B-17 mice after whole-body exposure: (1) cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells and splenocytes evaluated at 24-hours post exposure and (2) bone marrow and spleen reconstitution deficits (repopulation shortfalls) evaluated at 6 weeks post exposure. We show that cytotoxicity dose-response relationships for bone marrow cells and splenocytes are complex, involving negative curvature (decreasing slope as dose increases), presumably implicating a mixed cell population comprised of large numbers of hypersensitive, modestly radiosensitive, and resistant cells. The radiosensitive cells appear to respond with 50% being killed by a dose < 0.5 Gy. The X-ray relative biological effectiveness (RBE), relative to gamma rays, for destroying bone marrow cells in vivo is > 1, while for destroying splenocytes it is < 1. In contrast, dose-response relationships for reconstitution deficits in the bone marrow and spleen of C.B-17 mice at 6 weeks after radiation exposure were of the threshold type with gamma rays being more effective in causing reconstitution deficit.
Low Plasma α-Tocopherol Concentrations and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Espe Katharina M. , Raila Jens , Henze Andrea , Blouin Katja , Schneider Andreas , Schmiedeke Daniel , Krane Vera , Pilz Stefan , Schweigert Florian J. , Hocher Berthold , Wanner Christoph , Drechsler Christiane
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

Trials with the antioxidant vitamin E have failed to show benefit in the general population. Considering the different causes of death in ESRD, this study investigated the association between plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol and specific clinical outcomes in diabetic hemodialysis patients.

Design, settings, participants, & measurements

In 1046 diabetic hemodialysis patients (participants of the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study), α-tocopherol was measured in plasma by reversed-phase HPLC. By Cox regression analyses, hazard ratios were determined for prespecified end points according to baseline plasma α-tocopherol levels: sudden death (n=134), myocardial infarction (n=172), stroke (n=89), combined cardiovascular events (n=398), fatal infection (n=107), and all-cause mortality (n=508).

Results

Patients had a mean age of 66±8 years, and mean plasma α-tocopherol level was 22.8±9.6 µmol/L. Levels of α-tocopherol were highly correlated to triglycerides (r=0.63, P<0.001). Patients in the lowest α-tocopherol quartile had (in unadjusted analyses) a 79% higher risk of stroke and a 31% higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with patients in the highest quartile. The associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratiostroke=1.56, 95% confidence interval=0.75–3.25; hazard ratiomortality=1.22, 95% confidence interval=0.89–1.69, respectively). There was no association between α-tocopherol and myocardial infarction, sudden death, or infectious death.

Conclusions

Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were not independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes, infectious deaths, or all-cause mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. The lack of association can partly be explained by a confounding influence of malnutrition, which should be considered in the planning of trials to reduce cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients.
Comparison of Serum Concentrations of β-Trace Protein, β2-Microglobulin, Cystatin C, and Creatinine in the US Population
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Coresh Josef , Inker Lesley A. , Levey Andrew S. , Köttgen Anna , Foster Meredith C. , Astor Brad C. , Eckfeldt John H. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

β-trace protein (βTP), β2-microglobulin (β2M), and cystatin C (CysC) have advantages over creatinine for estimating GFR and prognosis. This study compares the distribution of all four markers in the general population and their associations with possible determinants of GFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

βTP and β2M were measured in 7596 participants (aged ≥12 years) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). βTP and β2M concentrations and the proportion of persons with elevated (≥99th percentile for young healthy participants) βTP (≥0.81 mg/L), β2M (≥2.80 mg/L), standardized CysC (≥1.03 mg/L), and creatinine (≥1.2 mg/dl for men and ≥1.0 mg/dl for women) were compared across demographic and clinical factors.

Results

Elevated βTP, β2M, and CysC showed stronger associations with age than elevated serum creatinine, the prevalence of elevated levels reaching 47%, 44%, 58%, and 26%, respectively, by age 80 years. βTP, CysC, and creatinine were higher in men but β2M was not associated with sex. Mexican Americans had lower βTP, β2M, CysC, and creatinine compared with non-Hispanic whites. Hypertension and higher C-reactive protein were associated with elevations in all markers, whereas non-Hispanic black race, body mass index, diabetes, smoking status, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and education were not associated in a consistent manner across the different markers.

Conclusions

βTP, β2M, CysC, and creatinine differ in their associations with demographic and clinical factors, suggesting variation in their non-GFR determinants. Future studies should examine these markers with measured GFR to determine their diagnostic and prognostic utility.
β-Trace Protein
Authors: Orenes-Piñero Esteban , Manzano-Fernández Sergio , López-Cuenca Ángel , Marín Francisco , Valdés Mariano , Januzzi James L.
Published: January 2013

β-trace protein, also known as Lipocalin type prostaglandin D synthase, is a low-molecular mass glycoprotein (between 23,000 and 29,000 Da depending on the degree of glycosylation) that converts prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin D2. β-trace protein was initially isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and served as a marker of cerebrospinal fluid leakage; however, its cDNA and gene have been isolated in numerous human body tissues, including central nervous system, retina, melanocytes, heart, and male genital organs. In recent years, β-trace protein has emerged as a promising novel endogenous marker of GFR, representing a more sensitive marker for mild kidney dysfunction than serum creatinine. In this regard, β-trace protein has been proposed as an alternative marker to Cystatin C for measuring kidney function. Beyond its role for estimating renal function, β-trace protein is also emerging as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular risk. It has been associated with several cardiovascular disorders, playing a potential role for prognostic stratification in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure and acute coronary syndromes and being advocated as a novel marker for cardiovascular risk prediction.
Serum FGF23 and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Relation to Mineral Metabolism and Cardiovascular Pathology
Authors: Ärnlöv Johan , Carlsson Axel C. , Sundström Johan , Ingelsson Erik , Larsson Anders , Lind Lars , Larsson Tobias E.
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

Circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CKD and non-CKD individuals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study tested whether this association is independent of mineral metabolism and indices of subclinical cardiovascular pathology.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The prospective association between fibroblast growth factor-23 and major cardiovascular events (a composite of hospital-treated myocardial infarction, hospital-treated stroke, or all-cause mortality) was investigated in the community-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (n=973; mean age=70 years, 50% women) using multivariate logistic regression. Subjects were recruited between January of 2001 and June of 2004.

Results

During follow-up (median=5.1 years), 112 participants suffered a major cardiovascular event. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and estimated GFR, higher fibroblast growth factor-23 was associated with increased risk for major cardiovascular events (odds ratio for tertiles 2 and 3 versus tertile 1=1.92, 95% confidence interval=1.19–3.09, P<0.01). After additional adjustments in the model, adding established cardiovascular risk factors, confounders of mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and 25(OH)-vitamin D), and indices of subclinical pathology (flow-mediated vasodilation, endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation, arterial stiffness, and atherosclerosis and left ventricular mass) attenuated this relationship, but it remained significant (odds ratio for tertiles 2 and 3 versus tertile 1=1.69, 95% confidence interval=1.01–2.82, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Fibroblast growth factor-23 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in the community, even after accounting for mineral metabolism abnormalities and subclinical cardiovascular damage. Circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 may reflect novel and important aspects of cardiovascular risk yet to be unraveled.
The Risk of AKI in Patients Treated with Intravenous Solutions Containing Hydroxyethyl Starch
Authors: Shaw Andrew D. , Kellum John A.
Published: January 2013

Intravenous fluids are arguably one of the most commonly administered inpatient therapies and for the most part have been viewed as part of the nephrologist’s toolkit in the management of acute kidney disease. Recently, findings have suggested that intravenous fluids may be harmful if given in excess (quantitative toxicity) and that some may be more harmful than others (qualitative toxicity), particularly for patients who already have AKI. Recent clinical trials have investigated hydroxyethyl starch solutions and found worrying results for the renal community. In this brief review, we consider the published literature on the role of hydroxyethyl starch solutions in AKI, with particular emphasis on two large recent randomized clinical trials conducted in Europe and Australia.
Polyamide grafted with polypyrrole: formation, properties, and stability
Authors: Mosnáčková Katarína , Chehimi Mohamed , Fedorko Pavol , Omastová Mária
Published: January 2013

Conducting textiles of polyamide (PA) fabrics and polypyrrole (PPy) were prepared by in situ oxidative chemical polymerisation of pyrrole (Py) on the surface of PA textiles using FeCl3 as oxidant. The anionic surfactant, dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid, was used as co-dopant during Py polymerisation on the textile surface. The influence of the monomer amount and polymerisation conditions on formation of the conducting PPy layer, conductivity, morphology, and stability of the prepared PA/PPy was studied. The conductivity of modified textiles decreased rapidly after the washing process, so a special Py-functionalised silane (1-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamino)-3-(1-H-pyrrole-1-yl)propan-2-ol; SP) was synthesised and applied to the PA surface prior to PPy formation. The presence of SP on the PA surface after completion of the sol-gel process was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance. Pyrrole polymerisation was subsequently applied to the SP pre-treated textile surface. The influence of SP concentration on both the fastness of the conducting layer after the washing process and stability of the electrical conductivity of the prepared PA/PPy samples was investigated. Surface conductivity of the samples treated and untreated by the sol-gel process of SP was measured both prior to and after washing of the prepared textiles. It was found that an application of 0.6 mass % of SP significantly improved the fastness of the PPy layers. Examination of the modified PA surface using scanning electron microscopy disclosed the differences in the formation of PPy on PA textiles when using SP and also showed differences on the PPy modified textile surface prior to and after washing. The method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for a detailed study of the surface composition. It was confirmed that the pre-treatment with Py-functionalised triethoxysilane significantly influenced the chemical composition of the PA surface modified with PPy.
Synthesis of nanostructured perovskite powders via simple carbonate co-precipitation
Authors: Cristiani Cinzia , Dotelli Giovanni , Mariani Mario , Pelosato Renato , Zampori Luca
Published: January 2013

A very simple, cost-effective, chloride- and alkali-free, carbonate co-precipitation synthesis in aqueous medium was applied in the preparation of perovskite-type lanthanum manganese oxide-based powders, i.e. La0.70Sr0.30MnO3−δ (LSM) and La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3−δ (LSCrM). The precursors so obtained yielded nano-structured perovskite oxides when treated at 900°C and 800°C, respectively. The measured BET surface areas were in the low-end range for high temperature oxides (4 m2 g−1 and 10 m2 g−1) but the X-ray crystallite size was as low as 50 nm for LSCrM and 90 nm for LSM.
Base-catalysed reduction of pyruvic acid in near-critical water
Authors: Luo Li , Hou Zhi , Wang Yuan , Dai Li
Published: January 2013

The reduction of pyruvic acid in near-critical water has successfully been conducted under conditions of various temperatures, pressures, reaction time and the presence of formic acid as the reducing agent. In this work, additives (K2CO3, KHCO3, and sodium acetate) used in the reduction of pyruvic acid were also investigated. The results showed that by adding K2CO3 (25 mole %) a markedly higher lactic acid yield (70.7 %) was obtained than without additives (31.3 %) at 573.15 K, pressure of 8.59 MPa, 60 min, and in the presence of 2 mol L−1 formic acid. As a base catalyst, K2CO3 definitely accelerated the reduction of pyruvic acid. The reaction rate constants, average apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor were evaluated in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. The reaction mechanism of the reduction was proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
Nanosized sulfated zirconia as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Abdollahi-Alibeik Mohammad , Hajihakimi Mohammad
Published: January 2013

The condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamine and arylaldehydes was investigated in the presence of nanosized sulfated zirconia (SO42−-ZrO2) as the solid acid catalyst. Nanosized SO42−-ZrO2 was prepared and characterized by the XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The results confirm good stabilization of the tetragonal phase of zirconia in the presence of sulfate. Reusability experiments showed partial deactivation of the catalyst after each run; good reusability can be achieved after calcinations of the recovered catalyst before its reuse.
Three-component one-pot reaction for the synthesis of β-amide ketones
Authors: Luo Yan-Ping , Chen Qiong
Published: January 2013

β-amide ketones were synthesised by a three-component one-pot reaction of phenylacetylene, aldehydes, and amides in anhydrous acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid and acetic acid in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst. The title compound structures were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis.
Decomposition of meta- and para-phenylphenol during ozonation process
Authors: Olak-Kucharczyk Magdalena , Miller Jacek , Ledakowicz Stanisław
Published: January 2013

The decomposition of meta-phenylphenol (m-PP) and para-phenylphenol (p-PP) in a heterogeneous gas-liquid system using ozone was investigated. The influence of different reaction parameters such as ozone and PP isomers concentration as well as pH and temperature of the reaction mixture on the PP decay rate was determined. The second-order rate constants for the direct reaction of molecular ozone, determined in a homogeneous system, were (5.85 ± 0.35) × 102 M−1 s−1 and (8.90 ± 0.33) × 102 M−1 s−1 for m-PP and p-PP, respectively. The rate constants for the reaction of m-PP and p-PP with ozone increased with increasing pH. The reaction rate constants with ozone were found to be (1.75 ± 0.02) × 109 M−1 s−1 and (1.86 ± 0.02) × 109 M−1 s−1 for m-PP and p-PP anions, respectively.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in the NCI-H125 cell line affects biological activity using the epidermal growth factor receptor as target / Fenotipska heterogenost u staničnoj liniji NCI-H125 utječe na biološku aktivnost na receptore za epidermalni faktor rasta
Authors: Blanco Rancés , Cedeño Mercedes , González Narjara , Rodríguez Reynier , Sánchez Javier , Rengifo Enrique
Published: January 2013

We evaluated the influence of some morphological changes of the NCI-H125 cell line in surface expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and their impact on some biological activity assays using this molecule as target. Hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) staining, light microscopy immunocytochemistry, flow cytometric antibody-receptor binding test, cell viability determination and cell cycle analysis were performed. Phenotypic changes and inconsistency in EGFR expression were detected in NCI-H125 cell cultures. A significant reduction in the growth rate, mainly characterized by cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase, was also evidenced. Differential distribution of cell viability in NCI-H125 subpopulations and its relationship with the EGFR surface expression were determined. Nuclear alterations observed in NCI- -H125 were not apoptosis related. A lack of control of cell cultures affects the reliability and reproducibility of biomedical and biotechnological research using EGFR as target. Therefore, rigorous control of the above mentioned parameters in these experiments is recommended.
Effects of Long-Term Oven Aging on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures
Authors: Tarbox Sean , Daniel Jo Sias
Published: January 2013

As the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt concrete mixtures increases, it is important to understand how the addition of asphalt binder that has already been aged affects the overall properties and performance of the mixture. In this study, four plant-produced mixtures containing 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP were aged long-term in an oven in the laboratory to three levels. The dynamic modulus was measured for each aging level and compared with unaged values to determine whether there was a statistical difference. It was found that as RAP content increased, aging had less effect on stiffness; this finding was quantified with areas under the dynamic modulus curves and aging ratios. The greatest differences were observed at the high-temperature and low-frequency ranges. The study also showed that the slope of relaxation modulus was less affected by aging as RAP content increased. The Global Aging System (GAS) was used to predict the change in dynamic modulus over time with the virgin binder properties. This method overpredicted the measured changes in stiffness. The GAS was also used to predict how many months of service life were simulated for each mix by long-term oven aging. It was found that as RAP content increased, hot-mix asphalt mixes stiffened at a slower rate than virgin mixes.
Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture with High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Florida
Authors: Nash Tanya , Sholar Gregory A. , Page Gale C. , Musselman James A.
Published: January 2013

This study examined the long-term performance and life span of mixture designs with a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) (≥30%) used on higher-tonnage (>5,000 tons) projects. The pavement performance of mixtures containing high RAP percentages and mixtures containing no RAP was compared for the period 1991 to 1999. The pavements analyzed contained a lower structural layer that contained RAP and an upper layer that contained either an open-graded or dense-graded non-RAP friction course. Several databases were consulted to obtain the necessary information regarding tonnage, mixture designs, percentage of RAP, project information, traffic volumes, pavement performance, and life span. A trend showing that the time needed for the pavement to reach a deficient state decreased as the percentage of RAP increased was evident when the data were examined without accounting for the volume of traffic. When traffic volume was accounted for and projects ≥5,000 tons were isolated, a trend of decreasing performance with increasing amounts of RAP was seen. However, in the range analyzed (30% to 50% RAP), all mixtures containing RAP performed better than the mixtures containing no RAP. Consideration of the type of non-RAP friction course placed over the RAP mixtures showed that as the amount of RAP increased, pavement performance decreased at the same rate, regardless of the type of friction course. Although this trend may be correct, the implication that RAP mixtures overlaid with an open-graded friction course have a longer life span than RAP mixtures overlaid with a dense-graded friction course may be the result of factors that are not correctly reflected in this data set.
Effect of Geosynthetic Material in Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on Performance Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Tran Nam H. , Julian Grant , Taylor Adam J. , Willis Richard , Hunt Daniel
Published: January 2013

Geosynthetic materials have been used effectively at the interface between asphalt pavement layers for waterproofing and mitigating crack propagation. When an asphalt pavement with a geosynthetic interlayer is rehabilitated, the asphalt surface layer as well as the underlying geosynthetic interlayer can be removed for new overlays. The reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as well as the geosynthetic material is reused in new asphalt mixtures because the geosynthetic material cannot be removed from the RAP. This situation leads to the question of whether the presence of the geosynthetic material in RAP has a negative impact on the performance of the new asphalt mixtures. A study was conducted to answer this question. A two-layer test section with a geosynthetic layer installed at the layer interface was constructed. The sections were milled so that RAP with and without the geosynthetic material was collected. Superpave® mix designs were then produced: one with the RAP with geosynthetic material and the other with the control RAP. A variety of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) performance tests were conducted to determine whether the presence of the geosynthetic material in the RAP had an impact on the HMA performance concerning stiffness, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and resistance to low-temperature cracking. The laboratory evaluation concluded that the presence of the geosynthetic material in the RAP did not have a significant impact on the RAP properties or the volumetric and performance properties of the asphalt mixture.
Achieving Desired Volumetrics and Performance for Mixtures with High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Aurangzeb Qazi , Al-Qadi Imad L. , Abuawad Ibrahim M. , Pine William J. , Trepanier James S.
Published: January 2013

This paper focuses on the design and laboratory performance of asphalt mixtures with a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Special laboratory measures were taken to process RAP material to achieve target volumetrics for the mixtures. Two aggregate sources were used to develop eight asphalt mix designs. The Bailey method of aggregate packing was used to design four asphalt mixtures with 0% (control), 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP for each material source. Apart from evaluating the moisture susceptibility of the prepared mixtures, performance tests, including dynamic modulus, wheel tracking, and beam fatigue, were also conducted. Moreover, in addition to evaluating the effect of the amount of RAP on mixture performance, the effect of binder grade bumping was also investigated. The study concluded that mixtures including RAP could provide equal or better performance in resistance against moisture susceptibility, rutting, and fatigue failure. Because consistent and similar volumetrics were achieved for all tested mixtures, it can be said with certainly that the performance properties of all tested mixtures were a function of only their mechanical properties.
Effect of Gradation Characteristics on Performance of Superpave Mixtures in the Field
Authors: Chun Sanghyun , Roque Reynaldo , Zou Jian
Published: January 2013

Previous studies have indicated that existing mix design criteria, including voids in mineral aggregates, gradation control points, and effective asphalt content, do not capture all critical aspects of gradation and mixture volumetric properties found to be strongly related to rutting and cracking performance. The performance of Superpave® mixtures varied significantly in mixtures that met all existing criteria. Therefore, there was a need to identify and verify additional criteria that could ensure better and more consistent performance of Superpave mixtures. Four parameters from the dominant aggregate size range (DASR)– interstitial component (IC) model have been determined to relate well to field performance of Superpave mixtures: DASR porosity, disruption factor (DF), effective film thickness (EFT), and the ratio of coarse portion to fine portion of fine aggregate (CFA/FFA). These four parameters were used in a field performance evaluation of rutting and cracking that was conducted to identify performance-related criteria. Results indicated that DASR porosity, which reflected the characteristics of coarse aggregate structure, was the most dominant parameter to control rutting performance. IC characteristics including DF, EFT, and CFA/FFA could not overcome the problems associated with a mixture that had DASR porosity outside the acceptable range. However, IC characteristics were more important than DASR porosity to differentiate clearly field cracking performance. The DF criteria should be considered in conjunction with EFT and CFA/FFA criteria to distinguish effectively the field cracking performance. Therefore, the introduction of DASR-IC criteria into current mix design guidelines and specifications will help to ensure good field rutting and cracking performance of Superpave mixtures.
Methodologies for Estimating Effective Performance Grade of Asphalt Binders in Mixtures with High Recycled Asphalt Pavement Content
Authors: Hajj Elie Y. , Salazar Luis Guillermo Loría , Sebaaly Peter E.
Published: January 2013

In 2009, hot-mix asphalt pavement sections containing 0%, 15%, and 50% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) were built in a collaborative effort between Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation and the Asphalt Research Consortium. Two types of 50% RAP mixtures were evaluated: one with no grade change in asphalt binder (PG 58-28) from mixtures with lower RAP content and one with a grade change in asphalt binder (PG 52-34). The following methodologies were used to determine the effective binder properties of the evaluated field-produced mixtures: grading of the recovered binders, blending chart process, mortar procedure, and backcalculation of binder properties from the measured dynamic modulus of mixtures with the Hirsch model and the modified Huet–Sayegh model. Overall, good correlations were observed between the estimated critical temperatures from the blending chart process and the measured ones from the recovered asphalt binders. Of the various evaluated methods, the mortar procedure provided promising results when used to estimate the mixture binder properties at critical pavement temperatures. The findings from the mortar procedure were consistent with the mixtures' resistance to thermal cracking and their current field performance. The procedure indicated that a partial blending was occurring between the virgin and RAP binders of the evaluated mixtures. Although some difficulties arose with the use of the Hirsch model, the backcalculated binder shear moduli were reasonable. The modified Huet–Sayegh model requires further evaluation to assess the true relationship between the characteristic times of the binders and mixtures.
Performance Evaluation of Field-Produced Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Porras Juan Diego , Hajj Elie Y. , Sebaaly Peter E. , Kass Said , Liske Tara
Published: January 2013

This study evaluated the resistance of field-produced warm-mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures obtained from field sections in Manitoba, Canada, to moisture damage, reflective cracking, and permanent deformation. The project, constructed in the summer of 2010, included a side-by-side hot-mix asphalt (HMA) control section and three WMA sections in which the Advera, Evotherm 3G, and Sasobit technologies were used. The mixtures' susceptibility to moisture damage was evaluated by their unconditioned and moisture-conditioned indirect tensile strength (ITS) and dynamic modulus (|E*|) at multiple freeze–thaw cycles. All mixtures met the minimum unconditioned ITS criterion of 65 psi at 77°F and the minimum indirect tensile strength ratio of 80% after one freeze–thaw cycle. Although comparable tensile strength and |E*| ratios were observed for the mixtures after one freeze–thaw cycle, the WMA–Sasobit mixture exhibited lower resistance to moisture damage when assessed after three freeze–thaw cycles. Except for the WMA–Sasobit mixture, the WMA mixtures showed similar or higher resistance to reflective cracking when measured by means of the Texas A&M Transportation Institute overlay tester. All WMA mixtures exhibited similar resistance to permanent deformation in the flow number test at the LTPPBind 50% reliability temperature (118°F) as compared with the HMA control section. However, none of the mixtures (including the HMA) met the proposed flow number criterion for WMA. When the mixtures were tested in the flow number test at the effective pavement temperature (92°F), a different ranking for their resistance to rutting was detected. Continuous field monitoring for performance of the various sections will help in assessing any proposed criterion as well as the effectiveness of WMA mixtures in cold weather areas such as Manitoba.
Influence of Filler Fractional Voids on Mastic and Mixture Performance
Authors: Faheem Ahmed F. , Hintz Cassie , Bahia Hussain U. , Al-Qadi Imad L. , Glidden Stacy
Published: January 2013

This study proposed the fractional voids test for mineral fillers introduced by Rigden in 1947 and currently adopted as the European norm, as part of asphalt mixture design and quality control. Laboratory testing conducted in this study included a large collection of natural and manufactured fillers currently used in various regions of the United States. Results showed that filler fractional voids influenced mastic viscosity and nonrecoverable compliance. These mastic properties were also found to be highly correlated with mixture performance measures. This study used mixture performance limits to derive mastic limits based on mixture-to-mastic correlations. Regression models developed to predict mastic performance as a function of filler fractional voids and asphalt binder properties were proposed as a means for incorporating fractional voids into the mix design procedure as a quality control measure. This paper discusses the tested materials and the analysis approach and summarizes the data justifying the proposed limits.
Evaluation of Low-Temperature Cracking Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Hill Brian , Behnia Behzad , Hakimzadeh Salman , Buttlar William G. , Reis Henrique
Published: January 2013

In the field of asphalt concrete, the use of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has become one of the most popular methods of meeting sustainability demands. Researchers have determined that WMA use can lead to reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. Early literature hypothesized that an additional benefit, regardless of the WMA additive or process used, was decreased susceptibility to thermal cracking. The current study examined this hypothesis through laboratory testing of four WMA mixtures produced at a reduced production temperature and a reference hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. The disk-shaped compact tension, indirect tension, and acoustic emission tests were used to characterize the low-temperature properties of the mixture. The fracture energy results of the disk-shaped compact tension test showed that the chemical additives improved fracture energy in comparison with HMA and that the organic and foaming additives reduced fracture energy. The indirect tension creep compliance test produced similar results, in which the two chemical additive–modified WMA systems increased mixture creep compliance, while the other two systems did not significantly alter creep compliance as compared with the control HMA mixture. Acoustic emission testing provided further information regarding the low-temperature behavior of WMA mixtures. The foaming additive displayed an embrittlement temperature similar to that of HMA, whereas the organic additive increased the embrittlement temperature. The two chemical additive–modified mixtures produced differing embrittlement temperatures. It was concluded that resistance to thermal cracking was not ensured by producing WMA mixtures at lower temperatures. Therefore, performance testing is critical to evaluating WMA technologies in locations susceptible to low temperatures.
Development of Warm-Mix Asphalt Additive and Evaluation of Performance
Authors: Yang Sunglin , Lee Jaejun , Hwang Sungdo , Kwon Sooahn , Baek Cheolmin
Published: January 2013

Several warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technologies have been developed and implemented worldwide. Because of the reduced production and compaction temperatures of WMA mixtures, WMA technology can reduce energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, and asphalt oxidation as well as extend the paving season, increase hauling distance, and create a better working environment. A wax-based WMA additive called low-energy and low–carbon-dioxide asphalt pavement (LEADCAP), has been developed by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology and Kumho Petrochemical and is the first WMA additive developed in South Korea. This paper introduces the characteristics of this newly developed WMA additive and presents the performance evaluation of WMA with LEADCAP. To evaluate the performance of the WMA mixture with LEADCAP additive, the Superpave® mix design, moisture susceptibility test, and mechanical test were performed. Common hot-mix asphalt and a WMA mixture with Sasobit additive were also evaluated for comparison. Sasobit is also a wax-based additive and is well-known. Mechanical tests included the dynamic modulus test, the direct tension fatigue test, and the triaxial repeated loading permanent deformation test. From the limited data obtained in this study, it was concluded that LEADCAP could be effectively used in WMA mixtures and that the performance of WMA with LEADCAP could be expected to be comparable to that of hot-mix asphalt and WMA with Sasobit additive.
Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Containing High Percentages of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Huang Baoshan , Shu Xiang , Jia Xiaoyang , Woods Mark
Published: January 2013

This study evaluated the rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and fatigue resistance of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) through laboratory performance tests. The WMA mixtures were plant produced with a foaming technology commonly used in the United States. RAP content ranged from 0% up to 50%. Laboratory performance tests included the asphalt pavement analyzer rutting test, the Hamburg wheel-tracking test, the tensile strength ratio test, the Superpave® indirect tension test, and the beam fatigue test. For comparison purposes, hot-mix asphalt mixtures containing 0% and 30% RAP were also evaluated and compared with WMA. The laboratory test results indicated that WMA mixtures with high percentages of RAP exhibited higher resistance to rutting, better resistance to moisture damage, and better fatigue performance.