bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Biomass and Soil Water Content Distribution on Cosmic-ray Neutron Probes Measurement
Authors: Wang Qiuming , Fan Jun , Zhao Xu , Jones Scott B.
Published: January 2022

The cosmic-ray neutron probe (CRNP) provides continuous monitoring of
average near-surface soil water content (SWC) on a hectometer scale.
However, the performance of the CRNP in surfaces of highly heterogeneous
vegetation and SWC caused by the highly eroded terrain remains
uncertain. This study evaluated three different vegetation calibration
methods developed for CRNP on the Loess Plateau, compensating for the
privious lack of vegetation correction for CRNP in this area. The
landscape biomass and its distribution within the CRNP footprint of a
small watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau were measured using an
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a visible light camera and a
Rededge multispectral camera. Three CRNPs were installed at three
different locations including loamy sand hills (LSH) plot, silty loam
dam (SLD) plot, and a sandy loam slope (SLS) plot and electronic sensors
of SWC were buried at various depths in each of the three plots. We
found the parameter, N0, was best represented by the biomass at the
average growth conditions of the monitoring period, yielding the lowest
RMSE (0.068). The variation of spatio-temporal distribution of SWC
reduced the representativeness of the CRNP to the regional average SWC.
The CRNP SWC calibrated using the three methods at three sites yielded
similar temporal changes with precipitation. The three methods each
reduced the RMSE between the estimated CRNP SWC and the kriging weighted
SWC with the BWE (biomass water equivalent) corrected method, Veg-N0
method having the lowest RMSE. The correction of the spatial
distribution of vegetation using the three methods further reduced the
RMSE, in the order: LSH< SLS< SLD. The cooperation
between CRNP and UAV could obtain regional averaged SWC accurately,
which should be useful for formulation sustainable vegetation management
strategies on the Loess Plateau and regions with water scarcity possibly
around the world.
Pulses within pulses: Carbon and Nitrogen mobilization patterns across temporal scales, from seasonal snowmelt to rain on snow events in a Rocky Mountain catchment
Authors: Hensley Robert , Singley Joel , Gooseff Michael
Published: January 2022

Seasonal snowmelt pulses are the dominant hydrologic feature of most
alpine catchments. The majority of annual export of water, carbon and
nitrogen occurs within a short window of only a few weeks. This
observation has largely been based on relatively infrequent manual
sampling, and our understanding of responses to finer-scale variation,
“pulses within the pulse”, is critically incomplete. Here, we combine
high-frequency sensor measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and
nitrate (NO3-N) with historical grab sample data from a high altitude
stream in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. We characterize the linkages
between precipitation, snowpack, streamflow, and solute export, over
time scales ranging from decades to minutes. At all time scales,
discharge (Q) variation was several orders of magnitude larger than
concentration (C) variation, making it the dominant control on solute
flux rates. Interannual variation in Q, and by extension solute export,
appeared correlated to the depth of the winter snowpack, and how late
into the spring the snowpack persisted. Seasonally, we observed
clockwise C-Q hysteresis, with solute stores becoming depleted as the
melt pulse proceeds. Using the sensor data however, we were able to
observe individual events. In contrast to the seasonal patterns, these
events enriched concentrations, suggesting the persistence of additional
DOC and NO3-N stores which can be mobilized within, and even after the
main seasonal snowmelt pulse. The historical data suggest that reduced
snowpack and earlier snowmelt in the coming decades may result in
reduced export of DOC and NO3-N. The sensor data however make this
conclusion uncertain, as rain on snow events, which are expected to
become more prevalent, appear equally capable of mobilizing solutes.
Oral manifestations of COVID-19 infection in children: A case report
Authors: Neskovic Isidora , Vujkov Sanja , Bradic-Vasic Marija , Blagojevic Duska , Komsic Jelena
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, caused by a new
coronavirus, has undeniably marked the previous year. A clear link between
the changes in the oral mucosa and the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 has not yet been precisely defined. Oral manifestations in
patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are
mostly ulcerations, aphthous ulcers, macules and desquamative gingivitis.
Case Report. A case of a 2-year-old child with oral leasions during severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is presented. The purpose of this
paper was to present a case with atypical clinical manifestations of severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, including fever, vomiting and oral
lesions, without respiratory simptoms. Conclusion. Early reaction and
response to all changes within the oral cavity is crucial, because even the
earliest stages of oral manifestations may be a symptom of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
The Tip and Torque adjustable bracket as a new concept in design:
Authors: Johal Ama , Bourauel Christoph , Moghanchi Samir , Dickerson Terry , Gaudin Paul , Elliott Emma Louise
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To test a new concept in bracket design—the tip and torque adjustable bracket (TTAB)—to identify its integral ability to change both tip and torque.

Materials and Methods

The newly designed TTAB underwent independent testing using the orthodontic measurement and simulation system. The TTAB incorporated Roth tip and torque prescription values, with the unique quality of the bracket to enhance or reduce the innate prescribed values of tip (by either +10° or −10°) and torque (by either +7.5° or −7.5°). The TTAB was tested using both the incorporated standard Roth prescription on the rate of canine retraction (sliding mechanics), using 0.018-inch stainless-steel (SS) arch wire, and with alteration of tip values (−10° and +10°). Similarly, frictional measurements and torque evaluations using 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS arch wire were undertaken with the standard prescription and altered torque (+7.5° and −7.5°). In addition, a number of control investigations were performed. Differences were analyzed using analysis of variance.

Results

The rate of observed tooth movement for the TTAB with its prescribed baseline values was comparable to that of the control brackets. Importantly, the alteration of TTAB tip to −10° and +10° significantly (P < .001) increased and reduced, respectively, the rates of canine retraction. In the alteration of torque, at +7.5° and −7.5°, the bracket delivered a moment of +9.3 (2.8) Nmm and −11.9 (3.8) Nmm, respectively, to the lateral incisor (P < .001).

Conclusions

This in vitro study demonstrates a new concept in preadjusted edgewise bracket design, offering adjustable tip and torque, with the potential for expanded clinical scope.
Lactate Is a Key Mediator That Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance via Modulating Cytokine Production From Adipose Tissue
Authors: Lin Yijun , Bai Meijuan , Wang Shuo , Chen Lingling , Li Zixuan , Li Chenchen , Cao Peijuan , Chen Yan
Published: January 2022

Numerous evidence indicates that inflammation in adipose tissue is the primary cause of systemic insulin resistance induced by obesity. Obesity-associated changes in circulating LPS level and hypoxia/HIF-1α activation have been proposed to be involved in boosting obesity-induced inflammation. However, there is poor understanding of what triggers obesity-induced inflammation. In this study, we pinpoint lactate as a key trigger to mediate obesity-induced inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Specific deletion of Slc16a1 that encodes MCT1, the primary lactate transporter in adipose tissues, robustly elevates blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and aggravates systemic insulin resistance without alteration of adiposity in mice fed high-fat diet. Slc16a1 deletion in adipocytes elevates intracellular lactate level while reducing circulating lactate concentration. Mechanistically, lactate retention due to Slc16a1 deletion initiates adipocyte apoptosis and cytokine release. The locally recruited macrophages amplify the inflammation by release of proinflammatory cytokines to the circulation, leading to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. This study, therefore, indicates that lactate within adipocytes has a key biological function linking obesity to insulin resistance, and harnessing lactate in adipocytes can be a promising strategy to break this link.
Genetic Predictors of Change in Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Lifestyle Intervention: The Trans-NIH Consortium for Genetics of Weight Loss Response to Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: McCaffery Jeanne M. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Pan Qing , Astrup Arne , Revsbech Christiansen Malene , Corella Dolores , Corso Lauren M.L. , Florez Jose C. , Franks Paul W. , Gardner Christopher , Hansen Torben , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. , Knowler William C. , Lindström Jaana , Saris Wim H.M. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Uusitupa Matti , Wing Rena R. , Agurs-Collins Tanya
Published: January 2022

Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI and WHRadjBMI), but it remains unclear whether these SNPs relate to change in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI with lifestyle intervention for weight loss. We hypothesized that polygenic scores (PS) comprised of 59 SNPs previously associated with central adiposity would predict less of a reduction in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI at 8–10 weeks in two lifestyle intervention trials, NUGENOB and DiOGenes, and at 1 year in five lifestyle intervention trials, Look AHEAD, Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Prevention Study, DIETFITS, and PREDIMED-Plus. One-SD higher PS related to a smaller 1-year change in WCadjBMI in the lifestyle intervention arms at year 1 and thus predicted poorer response (β = 0.007; SE = 0.003; P = 0.03) among White participants overall and in White men (β = 0.01; SE = 0.004; P = 0.01). At average weight loss, this amounted to 0.20–0.28 cm per SD. No significant findings emerged in White women or African American men for the 8–10-week outcomes or for WHRadjBMI. Findings were heterogeneous in African American women. These results indicate that polygenic risk estimated from these 59 SNPs relates to change in WCadjBMI with lifestyle intervention, but the effects are small and not of sufficient magnitude to be clinically significant.
Heterogeneity of DKA Incidence and Age-Specific Clinical Characteristics in Children Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes in the TEDDY Study
Authors: Jacobsen Laura M. , Vehik Kendra , Veijola Riitta , Warncke Katharina , Toppari Jorma , Steck Andrea K. , Gesualdo Patricia , Akolkar Beena , Lundgren Markus , Hagopian William A. , She Jin-Xiong , Rewers Marian , Ziegler Anette-G. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Larsson Helena Elding , Haller Michael J. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is uniquely capable of investigating age-specific differences associated with type 1 diabetes. Because age is a primary driver of heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes, we sought to characterize by age metabolic derangements prior to diagnosis and clinical features associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The 379 TEDDY children who developed type 1 diabetes were grouped by age at onset (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years; n = 142, 151, and 86, respectively) with comparisons of autoantibody profiles, HLAs, family history of diabetes, presence of DKA, symptomatology at onset, and adherence to TEDDY protocol. Time-varying analysis compared those with oral glucose tolerance test data with TEDDY children who did not progress to diabetes.

RESULTS

Increasing fasting glucose (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.04–1.14]; P = 0.0003), stimulated glucose (HR 1.50 [1.42–1.59]; P < 0.0001), fasting insulin (HR 0.89 [0.83–0.95]; P = 0.0009), and glucose-to-insulin ratio (HR 1.29 [1.16–1.43]; P < 0.0001) were associated with risk of progression to type 1 diabetes. Younger children had fewer autoantibodies with more symptoms at diagnosis. Twenty-three children (6.1%) had DKA at onset, only 1 (0.97%) of 103 with and 22 (8.0%) of 276 children without a first-degree relative (FDR) with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.008). Children with DKA were more likely to be nonadherent to study protocol (P = 0.047), with longer duration between their last TEDDY evaluation and diagnosis (median 10.2 vs. 2.0 months without DKA; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

DKA at onset in TEDDY is uncommon, especially for FDRs. For those without familial risk, metabolic monitoring continues to provide a primary benefit of reduced DKA but requires regular follow-up. Clinical and laboratory features vary by age at onset, adding to the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes.
Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Results From the DPV Registry
Authors: Kamrath Clemens , Rosenbauer Joachim , Eckert Alexander J. , Siedler Kai , Bartelt Heike , Klose Daniela , Sindichakis Marina , Herrlinger Silke , Lahn Valentina , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany compared with previous years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Based on data from the multicenter German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry, we analyzed the incidence of type 1 diabetes per 100,000 patient-years in children and adolescents from 1 January 2020 through 30 June 2021. Using Poisson regression models, expected incidences for 2020/21 were estimated based on the data from 2011 to 2019 and compared with observed incidences in 2020/21 by estimating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS

From 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021, 5,162 children and adolescents with new-onset type 1 diabetes in Germany were registered. The observed incidence in 2020/21 was significantly higher than the expected incidence (24.4 [95% CI 23.6–25.2] vs. 21.2 [20.5–21.9]; IRR 1.15 [1.10–1.20]; P < 0.001). IRRs were significantly elevated in June 2020 (IRR 1.43 [1.07–1.90]; P = 0.003), July 2020 (IRR 1.48 [1.12–1.96]; P < 0.001), March 2021 (IRR 1.29 [1.01–1.65]; P = 0.028), and June 2021 (IRR 1.39 [1.04–1.85]; P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS

A significant increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a delay in the peak incidence of type 1 diabetes by ∼3 months after the peak COVID-19 incidence and also after pandemic containment measures. The underlying causes are yet unknown. However, indirect rather than direct effects of the pandemic are more likely to be the cause.
Organic matter seasonality and ecosystem metabolism in two tropical first-order streams
Authors: Cortés Guzmán Daniela , Alcocer Javier , Cuevas Lara José Daniel , Soria Reinoso Ismael , Oseguera Luis A. , Merino-Ibarra Martín
Published: January 2022

Dissolved and particulate organic matter are the energy source for secondary production in forested streams. Cycling of or¬ganic matter and stream ecosystem functioning are linked to organic matter input and storage capacity and timing. This study assessed the seasonal variation (dry and rainy seasons) of environmental parameters, organic matter stock and input, and stream metabolism in two first-order tropical streams in the Selva Lacandona, Mexico. We also aimed to identify the drivers of organic matter and stream metabolism seasonality. We found seasonal variation in organic matter stock and input correlated with trop¬ical seasonality. Dissolved organic matter and seston increased in the rainy season, while benthic primary producers and leaf litter stock and input increased in the dry season correlated with lower water discharge. Gross primary production increased in the dry season, while ecosystem respiration did not differ between seasons. Seasonality defined by the rainfall pattern and its effect on stream hydrology is the main driver of organic matter dynamics in tropical streams. However, environmental parameters and organic matter stock and input were not good predictors of stream metabolism.
Experimental and Сomputational-Analytical Studies of the Compatibility of Combustible Substances with Each Other and with Oxidants
Authors:   FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Vogman L.P. , Zemsky G.T. ,   FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Zuikov V.A. ,   FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Published: January 2022

The danger of chemical reactions in the interaction of incompatible substances manifests itself in an increase in temperature and pressure, ignition, and finally, these reactions can be accompanied by an explosion. By the method of a constant volume bomb, the processes of interaction of mutually reacting substances are studied, as which mixtures of combustible substances (sodium, magnesium, sulfur, and an organic liquid — glycerin) with a changing mass of the oxidizer (ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate) and in a mixture of these substances of stoichiometric composition are studied: a combustible component and an oxidizer. Analysis of the dependences of the coefficient of participation of a substance in an explosion on the coefficient of excess of an oxidizer of various interacting substances indicates that these dependences can be of two types: with an extremum and in the form of a direct dependence. Continuous increase in the coefficient of participation in the explosion with an increase in the coefficient of excess of the oxidizer indicates the ability to decompose and participate in the explosion of the oxidizer itself. This type of dependence established experimentally for the powders of combustible sulfur and magnesium with oxidizing agents-ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate, shows that both combustible and decomposition products of a flammable oxidizing substance participate in the explosion. Other mixtures (magnesium, glycerin mixed with potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate) have an extremum, and the oxidizer does not participate in the pressure increase when the oxidizer content in the mixture increases. Calculation confirms the possibility of determining chemical compatibility (incompatibility) of substances using the standard Gibbs energy. Based on the example of the experimentally established incompatibility of mixtures of magnesium and sulfur with ammonium nitrate, the calculation also shows that these substances are incompatible with each other. In the absence of experimental data on the compatibility of substances, the input data for calculating the Gibbs energy, the information on the compatibility (incompatibility) of substances can be borrowed from tables 15–17 of GOST 12.1.004. Hazardous and especially hazardous substances indicated under numbers 3 and 4 in these tables are incompatible.
Development of the Methods for Discharging a Rock Mass during Second Working at a Rockburst Hazardous Iron Ore Deposit
Authors:   Siberian Department of Rostechnadzor, Sleptsov S.N. , Eremenko A.A. ,   IGD SO RAN, Eremenko A.A. ,   AO «EVRAZ ZSMK», Prib V.V. ,   AO «EVRAZ ZSMK»
Published: January 2022

At the Sheregeshevskoye iron ore deposit, which is hazardous for rockbursts, development of the methods for unloading a rock mass during second working is studied. In the formation of the main volume of ore mining, four areas are involved, located at the depths of 400–600 m and more. Development of ore bodies is accompanied by the dynamic phenomena in the form of shocks, shots, and stabbing. According to the level of stresses acting in the rock mass, the sites are classified as hazardous for rockbursts. In the process of mining the Novy Sheregesh site by the system for the development of the sublevel caving from top to bottom, a rock ledge with a diameter of 100 m and a height of 250 m was formed. Assessment of the stress-strain state of the rock mass was carried out, which showed the location of zones of concentration of stresses and shocks in the western and eastern parts of the vicinity of the mined-out spaces. Zones of inelastic deformations are formed along the entire area of the worked-out spaces, and are removed deep into the massif by 5–10 m. To reduce the intensity of shocks and stress values, the layouts of horizontal unloading wells with their subsequent camouflage blasting were developed and tested. The wells allowed to relieve the rock ledge from high stresses and shocks for 2–3 years. With additional drilling of unloading wells with a total length of more than 2000 m in the rock ledge from drift № 4, horizon +185 m and from port № 34a, the number of shocks decreased by 2–3 times with an explosive mass of 123–137 t/year.
Une approche d’apprentissage automatique pour prédire l’utilisation des cigarettes électroniques et la dépendance à celles-ci chez les jeunes de l’Ontario
Authors: Shi Jiamin , Fu Rui , Hamilton Hayley , Chaiton Michael
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Nous avons mis au point des algorithmes de forêt aléatoire pour prédire le risque que les jeunes Ontariens essaient un jour la cigarette électronique (vapotage) et qu’ils l’utilisent de façon quotidienne, puis nous avons examiné l’importance des prédicteurs et l’interaction statistique.

Méthodologie

Cette étude transversale repose sur un échantillon représentatif d’élèves du primaire et du secondaire de l’Ontario en 2019 (N = 6471). Nous avons utilisé la fréquence du vapotage au cours des 12 derniers mois pour définir l’essai de vapotage (avoir déjà expérimenté de vapoter) et le vapotage quotidien. Nous avons intégré un vaste ensemble de caractéristiques individuelles comme corrélats possibles de l’essai de vapotage (176 variables) et du vapotage quotidien (179 variables). À l’aide de la validation croisée, nous avons élaboré des algorithmes de forêt aléatoire et nous avons évalué le rendement du modèle selon l’indice de concordance, une mesure qui permet d’évaluer la capacité discriminatoire d’un modèle, et ce, pour les deux résultats. En outre, nous avons défini les 10 corrélats principaux grâce au calcul du score de l’importance relative et leur interaction avec les caractéristiques sociodémographiques.

Résultats

Dans l’échantillon, 2064 (31,9 %) répondants avaient déjà essayé le vapotage et 490 (7,6 %) des répondants étaient des consommateurs quotidiens. Les algorithmes de forêt aléatoire pour les deux résultats ont fourni une performance élevée, avec un indice de concordance supérieur à 0,90. Les 10 corrélats principaux du vapotage quotidien concernaient la consommation de caféine, de cannabis et de tabac, la source et le type de cigarette électronique et l’absentéisme scolaire au cours des 20 derniers jours. Les corrélats de l’essai de vapotage étaient la taille de l’école, la consommation d’alcool, de cannabis et de tabac et, de plus, 9 des 10 principaux corrélats de l’essai de vapotage affichaient des interactions avec l’ethnicité.

Conclusion

L’apprentissage automatique est une méthodologie prometteuse pour déterminer les risques d’essai de vapotage et de vapotage quotidien. En outre, il permet d’en cerner les corrélats importants et d’évaluer les recoupements complexes, ce qui pourrait être utile pour les futures études longitudinales visant à personnaliser les politiques de santé publique pour certains groupes cibles de population.
La maladie pulmonaire associée au vapotage (MPAV) au Canada : une analyse descriptive des cas de MPAV signalés entre septembre 2019 et décembre 2020
Authors: Baker Melissa M. , Procter Theresa D. , Belzak Lisa , Ogunnaike-Cooke Susanna
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Cette étude a eu pour but d’étudier les caractéristiques personnelles et cliniques des cas de maladie pulmonaire associée au vapotage (MPAV) signalés au Canada entre septembre 2019 et décembre 2020, de comparer l’épidémiologie des cas de MPAV au Canada à celle des cas de lésions pulmonaires associées à l’utilisation de produits destinés aux cigarettes électroniques ou au vapotage (EVALI, « e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury ») aux États-Unis et de tenter d’expliquer les différences entre les deux pays.

Méthodologie

Un groupe de travail fédéral-provincial-territorial a élaboré une définition nationale d’éclosion, un ensemble de données minimal et un formulaire de déclaration de cas pour l’identification et la surveillance des cas de MPAV au Canada. L’analyse descriptive a porté sur les caractéristiques et l’épidémiologie des cas de MPAV signalés.

Résultats

Parmi les 20 cas de MPAV signalés, aucun n’a entraîné de décès. Parmi ces cas, 5 (25 %) concernaient des jeunes de 15 à 19 ans, 10 (50 %) des adultes de 20 à 49 ans et 5 (25 %) des adultes de 50 ans ou plus. Soixante pour cent des patients étaient des hommes. La moitié (50 %) ont eu besoin d’assistance respiratoire. Les trois quarts (75 %) ont déclaré avoir utilisé des produits de vapotage contenant de la nicotine et 40 % ont dit avoir utilisé des produits de vapotage contenant du cannabis. Parmi ceux ayant déclaré leur fréquence de vapotage, la plupart (71 %) ont indiqué vapoter quotidiennement. La prévalence des cas de MPAV (0,9 par million) s’est révélée inférieure à celle des cas d’EVALI (8,5 par million). Les caractéristiques personnelles et le comportement de vapotage se sont également révélés différents.

Conclusion

Plusieurs cas de MPAV ont été signalés au Canada entre septembre 2019 et décembre 2020. Cependant, leur prévalence s’est révélée beaucoup plus faible que celle des cas d’EVALI observés lors de l’éclosion aux États-Unis, et les facteurs en cause ne sont peut-être pas les mêmes. Les cas de MPAV au Canada dépendent de facteurs complexes et multifactoriels. Des recherches sont nécessaires pour comprendre les effets à court et à long terme du vapotage de nicotine et de cannabis sur la santé.
The Implementation of “Tri Hita Karana” Ideology in Preventing the Spread of Covid-19 in Bali
Authors: Nurita Wayan , Putri I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This research examines the form of implementing the local wisdom ideology of Tri Hita Karana in preventing and overcoming the spread of the Covid-19 virus in Bali. The central government, through its policies, has dealt with this epidemic, both at the central and regional levels, including in Bali. In addition to implementing the policies of the central government to prevent and cope with this outbreak, Bali itself attempts to make use of its ideology in dealing with the pandemic. This local ideology is known as Tri Hita Karana. The problem raised in this study is how to implement the ideology of local wisdom in preventing and overcoming COVID-19 in Bali. The purpose of this research is to understand the implementations of local wisdom in Bali that useful in preventing and overcoming COVID-19. The method used is the empirical method, data collection techniques with interviews, questionnaires, and literature. The theory used is structural functional theory, social change theory which supported by concept of local wisdom. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of local wisdom in Bali can effectively and efficiently prevent and cope with COVID-19. An interesting finding of this article is precisely when local wisdom is Tri Hita Karana implemented on a daily basis to deal with Covid-19. The beginning the standard was Prahyangan, Pawongan and Palemahan, however, in this implementation it changed to become Pawongan, Palemahan then Prahyangan.
The Experience of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan during Covid-19 Pandemic: A ‘right-based’ Analysis
Authors: Gusman Yuherina
Published: January 2022

Covid-19, which has attacked the world since the end of 2019, has had a global impact both economically and socially to the world community. Taiwan is one of country categorized as quite successful in dealing with Covid-19. From December 2019 until March 2021 there were 177,578 reported cases in Taiwan with a total of 976 positive cases and resulted in 10 deaths. A very small number compared to other cases that occur in other parts of the world. However, behind all that successful story, migrant workers in Taiwan are still forgotten during the pandemics. Migrant workers, particularly Indonesian migrant workers, who make up the majority in Taiwan, receive the least sympathy and understanding from the community. Several human rights issues confronted Indonesia Migrant Workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, including discrimination, loss of spatial public space, strict mobility limitations, concern for the family in Indonesia, a higher burden of common mental health, and a lower quality of life than local society, difficulty accessing health services and masks, and difficulty returning home. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Indonesian migrant workers' rights were violated in Taiwan during the two phases of the Covid-19 pandemic. The data was collected through interviews, observation, and then was analyzed using the "rights-based" approach. The first phase lasted from December 2019 to March 2020, when the pandemic was still in its early stages, and the second phase lasted from March 2020 to January 2021, after the Taiwan government succeeded in controlling the pandemic
Implementation of Sanctions in Regional Regulation Number 2 Year 2020, Gowa District Perspective Saddu Zari'ah
Authors: Talli Abdul Halim
Published: January 2022

The Gowa Regency Government enforces Regional Regulation No. 2/2020 concerning Mandatory Masks and Implementation of Health Protocols in Preventing the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 on September 21, 2020. The enactment of this regional regulation has drawn a lot of criticism and protests from the public, especially those who have been caught in the operation of law enforcement. The bylaw is interesting to study further for reasons. First, this regional regulation was born and enforced for people affected by Covid-19 who feel the impact in various aspects of life. Second, the spread of the 2019 corona virus disease is determined by the Central Government as a non-natural national disaster, therefore the regulations governing it are also stipulated by the Central Government. This study is viewed from two aspects, namely: 1) What is the legal position of Perda No. 2 of 2020 Gowa Regency according tao the laws and regulations in Indonesia? and 2) What is the saddu zari'ah perspective on the enforcement of the sanctions in the perda? This study is expected to provide insight regarding the legal position of Perda No. 2 of 2020, Gowa Regency, as well as revealing the saddu zari'ah perspective on the imposition of sanctions in the perda. This discussion uses a juridical-syar'iy approach. This study shows that Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2020 Gowa Regency is legal and binding in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. The Perda fulfills the formal and material requirements in the formation of legislation in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the saddu zari'ah perspective on the imposition of sanctions in this regional regulation is in accordance with the Shari'a, because the imposition of sanctions leads people to comply with the obligation to wear masks and implement health protocols to avoid and control the transmission of covid-19.
Sustainable and preservative historic garden management
Authors: Bálint Krisztina , Nagy Ildikó Réka Báthoryné
Published: January 2022

The restoration of historic gardens in Hungary puts an increasing responsibility on the shoulders of management. The use of what might be termed as “traditional horticultural approach” significantly increases the needs and costs of garden maintenance. But if we do not fulfil this task, heritage value can be lost and the former restoration efforts can become futile. Today’s challenge is to find a balance between these two issues. This study aims to develop the scientific foundations for practical solutions.
Assessment of Legality of Anti-Terrorist Screening of Job Seekers Under EU Law and National Law. A Theoretical and Practical Approach
Authors: Žuľová Jana , Švec Marek
Published: January 2022

The aim of the scientific paper is to identify employer’s options when engaging in anti-terrorist screening of future employees and to assess the compliance of such a procedure with the relevant European and national legislation. Through the use of qualitative scientific methods such as the analytical-descriptive method, comparison, critical analysis, induction, deduction, and synthesis of the acquired knowledge, the authors draw attention to a different approach to choosing appropriate legal bases for processing relevant information about employees, including different approach to labour law and the personal data protection law. The analysis of the principle of legality of personal data processing in the framework of anti-terrorist screening of job seekers takes into account a specific position of the job seeker as a weaker party to the prospective employment agreement.
Religious imperatives as a correlate of the development of human potential and the economic capital of society
Authors: Karpiak Maria , Shparyk Khrystyna
Published: January 2022

Subject and purpose of work: This article studies the role of religion in economic development. Even though it is obvious that religion plays a vital role in economic development because a healthy economy requires that all people view one another with dignity, there are still some questions which need to be answered like – why wealthier nations trend/tend to be less religious, and does economic development (as a matter of fact) cause individuals to become less religious in today’s world?

Materials and methods: The research is based on universal methods of formal logic and scientific abstraction, basics of innovation science, investment science and institutional economics, systemic, structural-functional and synergetic approaches as well as information sources of the World Economic Forum.

Results: The authors’ hypothesis about the influence of religion and religious values which stands behind rapid economic growth is shown to be substantiated.

Conclusions: In conclusion, we can state that there is strong negative correlation between GDP per capita and the importance of religion in the state, but, on the other hand, in most societies religious values were the main push factor of economic growth.
The Development of Industrial Activity in Tomar: a Study on the Unpublished Document of Bernardo Daniel de Moraes Requirement
Authors: Marques Clara
Published: January 2022

The exploration of the Nabão River in Tomar, Portugal, and its resources was an exclusive right of the Order of Christ, and it was constantly evoked by the religious of this order when there were disputes over the right to build water wheels, mills, and other structures along the river. This singular relation of power over the territory led to also a unique urban occupation in the Portuguese panorama. These interactions of power were documented in the unpublished manuscript of “Bernardo Daniel de Moraes’ Requirement” of the year 1799. The manuscript allows to cross boundaries between the political, economic and social context and the Order of Christ and their impact on the use of the Nabão River. Therefore, with this document as main source for this paper, we seek to demonstrate the relations between industrial activity, the Nabão River and the development of the city of Tomar in the turn to the nineteenth century, having the Order of Christ as a constant and structuring element in this gear.
Oxygen and Silicon Ion Particles Induce Neoplastic Transformation in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kim Sang Bum , Zhang Lu , Shay Jerry W.
Published: January 2022

High charge (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) particles in deep space have significantly contributed to the biological effects of space radiation, although they only account for less than 1% of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) particle fluxes. Previously we have shown that combined radiation exposure of 2-Gy proton (1H) followed by 0.5-Gy iron (56Fe) ion particles increase transformation in human colonic epithelial cells (HCEC CT7). The present study was undertaken to characterize if additional HZE ions, such as oxygen (16O) and silicon (28Si) particles, also result in increased cell transformation. HCEC CT7 cells irradiated with 1-Gy 16O (250 MeV/nucleon), followed 24 hours later by 1-Gy 28Si particle (300 MeV/nucleon), showed an increase in proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion abilities compared to unirradiated controls. In addition, we found that the β-catenin pathway was activated and that subsets of DNA repair genes were under-expressed in these transformed cells. Pretreatment with the radioprotector, CDDO-Me, 18 hours before and during irradiation prevented the HZE-induced transformation. These results can be interpreted to suggest that the mixed radiation exposure of 16O followed by 28Si has carcinogenic potential. Importantly, this transformation can be protected by CDDO-Me pre-treatment.
Interpretation of Backlit Droplet Images from ISS Droplet Combustion Experiments
Authors: Yu Fei , Shaw Benjamin D.
Published: January 2022

Backlit droplet images are evaluated for droplet combustion experiments that have been performed on the International Space Station. The focus of the present analyses is on non-sooting or lightly-sooting droplets. The influences of diffraction, interference, and partial coherence on droplet images are considered via Fourier optics modeling. It is found that light diffraction at the droplet edge can contribute significantly to errors in droplet size measurements. Other error sources include background light variations and partial coherence effects. An image-processing algorithm is proposed to account for the effects of diffraction, partial coherence, and background light variations on measurements of droplet sizes.
Study of Initial Colonization by Environmental Microorganisms in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Reidt Ulrich , Helwig Andreas , Plobner Lutz , Lugmayr Veronika , Treutlein Ulrich , Kharin Sergey , Smirnov Yuri , Novikova Natalia , Lenic Joachim , Fetter Viktor , Hummel Thomas
Published: January 2022

In this report, we describe the initial colonization of environmental microorganisms associated with ISS on four different materials (Nomex, cable labeling material, printed circuit board, and aluminum), which are commonly used at the ISS. Material substrates were placed in the Russian segment of the ISS in a Target Book for 135 days. After the incubation, the Target Book was analyzed on Earth by determining colony-forming units and identifying the microorganisms by rRNA gene sequencing. The highest cell concentrations and widest biological diversity were on the polymer materials, such as Nomex and cable labeling material. Additional molecular biological identification revealed the following organisms as typical pioneer microorganisms: Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Cladosporium spp., Sphingomonas spp., Micrococcus luteus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Temporal development of stem rot caused by Athelia rolfsii in peanut fields in Iran
Authors: Amirkyaei Gh. A. , Mousanejad S. , Safaie N. , Khodaparast S.A.
Published: January 2022

Stem rot caused by Athelia rolfsii (syn. Sclerotium rolfsii), is an important disease of peanut in Iran. Soil samples were collected from 15 peanut fields before the 2014 growing season in Guilan province, Iran and the viable sclerotia were counted using the soil-tray technique. The 15 selected fields were also evaluated for disease incidence at three intervals during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014. The disease incidence at the end of the growing season ranged from 0 to 29.3% and from 0 to 45% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, depending on the field. The disease progress model, which was introduced for each field based on the disease incidence, showed good fitness with the monomolecular model in both years, but especially in 2014. Disease severity was evaluated in three out of the 15 peanut fields at three intervals during the growing season of 2014. The monomolecular model could describe more than 88% of the data. There was a significant linear relationship between the disease incidence or severity at the end of the growing season and the inoculum density in the soil. A positive linear relationship was also observed between the disease progress rate and the inoculum density.
Determinants of De Jure – De Facto Exchange Rate Regime Gaps
Authors: Dudzich Viktar
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates inconsistencies between countries’ official exchange rate regime declarations (the so-called de jure exchange rate regimes) and their actual policy (de facto exchange rate regimes). These exchange rate regime gaps decrease the credibility of monetary policy and are considered an overall negative economic phenomenon. In this paper, I attempt to disclose the determinants of these gaps using the data on several de facto classifications and a wide array of explanatory variables of economic and institutional nature. The results suggest that a number of macroeconomic factors such as foreign exchange reserves, current account balance and economic openness influence the probability of monetary authorities breaking commitment to their official exchange rate regime. At the same time, I also discover that the exchange rate regime gaps are less frequent in more democratic and institutionally advanced countries although the results tend to differ depending on the de facto classification used and the nature of gap (either de jure floating – de facto fixed or de jure fixed – de facto floating).
The most common examples of financial fraud in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A practical insight
Authors: Lalić Srđan , Jovičić Željana , Bošnjaković Tanja
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the two most common examples of financial fraud, which occur in most businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The causes and consequences of the mentioned financial frauds will be analyzed, as well as the reasons why they were not procedurally discovered in time. The first example is related to the inflow of money from abroad, which creates doubts about merits, while the second example is related to the presentation of operating losses and reduced tax liabilities of related legal entities. Each of the examples will be analyzed in detail in terms of the causes of financial fraud, the manner of their implementation, the relevant accounting records, and finally the manner of their detection.
Entrepreneurial Desire for Outmigration: A Validated Measure
Authors: Schill Ryan , Andrade Maureen , Miller Ron , Schill Angela , Benson David
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the personal and inter- personal pressures entrepreneurial individuals feel to pursue opportunities out- side their home country.

Methodology: Entrepreneurs in Mexico were given a survey regarding personal and interpersonal pressures to out migrate.

Findings: Exploratory factor analysis showed three valid factors for outmigration: personal preference, social pressure, and perception of opportunities.

Value Added: The instrument developed offers an overall Outmigration Tendency (OT) score which can provide valuable insight into why entrepreneurs choose to emigrate. This appears to be the first instrument to measure outmigration pressure and to be validated internationally.

Recommendations: The tendency score resulting from the survey can help researchers and policy makers understand the likelihood of a worker leaving his/her country to seek work opportunities elsewhere.
Kajian Pengaruh Agregat Ringan Buatan dari Tanah Diatomae pada Nilai Kuat Lentur Beton Struktural
Authors: Syukranlillah Muhammad , Saidi Taufiq , Muttaqin Muttaqin
Published: January 2022

Untuk menghasilkan beton ringan struktural, penggunaan agregat ringan dalam campurannya menjadi pilihan yang tepat. Dalam penelitian ini tanah diatomae yang digunakan sebagai agregat ringan divariasikan sebanyak dua macam variasi meliputi, variasi yang diberi kode TD di mana tanah diatomae dibentuk menjadi butiran dengan ukuran 5-20 mm tanpa campuran serbuk gergaji dan variasi dengan kode TDSG di mana butiran tanah diatomae dicampur dengan 5 % serbuk gergaji. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Purba[1] dengan membuat agregat ringan yang lebih kuat sehingga dapat digunakan untuk bahan beton ringan struktural dan mengetahui nilai kuat lentur beton ringan struktural dari tanah diatomae. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan nilai kuat tarik lentur terbesar diperoleh pada variasi beton KLD sebesar 3,241 MPa dan nilai terkecil yang diperoleh yaitu 2,457 MPa dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 2,861 MPa. Sedangkan nilai kuat lentur terbesar pada variasi beton SGKLD diperoleh 2,986 MPa dan nilai terkecil yaitu 2,270 MPa dengan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 2,549 MPa. Hubungan antara nilai kuat tarik lentur dengan kuat tekan dapat dijadikan ke dalam pendekatan bentuk persamaan yaitu fr=0,62√(f'c)
Perbandingan Metode Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave dan Metode Cone Penetration Test Terhadap Analisis Lapisan Tanah
Authors: Hasya Cut Atika , Khaizal Khaizal , Irwandi Irwandi
Published: January 2022

Analisis lapisan tanah yang dilakukan di lapangan salah satunya, metode Cone Penetration Test (CPT) yang menghasilkan parameter utama nilai tahanan ujung konus (qc). Sedangkan, metode Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) adalah metode dari bidang ilmu geofisika untuk menganalisis lapisan tanah yang dapat menghasilkan parameter kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter gelombang geser (Vs) MASW dan parameter tahanan ujung CPT untuk menganalisis lapisan tanah serta membandingkan hasil dari kedua metode tersebut terhadap karakteristik lapisan tanah sebagai perencanaan pondasi bangunan sipil. Akuisisi data dilakukan di TPI (Tempat Pendaratan Ikan) Lampulo, Kecamatan Kuta Alam. Hasil penelitian pada pengukuran MASW didapatkan nilai Vs sebesar 70 - 130 m/s. Berdasarkan SNI 1726-2012, tanah pada lokasi penelitian termasuk ke dalam  kategori Tanah Lunak (SE). Data CPT yang telah dikorelasikan meggunakan persamaan empiris menjadi nilai Vs menunjukkan hasil yang  relatif sama dengan klasifikasi tanah pada MASW. Jenis pondasi yang sesuai diterapkan pada lokasi penelitian adalah pondasi tiang karena letak tanah keras berada pada kedalaman lebih dari 10 meter dibawah permukaan tanah.
Analisis Kekakuan dan Perilaku Portal Bidang Baja Hollow yang Diisi Mortar FAS 0,4 Dengan Variasi Ukuran Profil
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad , Huzaim Huzaim , Putra Rudiansyah
Published: January 2022

Baja hollow adalah salah satu material baja yang memiliki rongga ditengahnya, sehingga tidak kuat menahan beban yang berat. Penambahan mortar FAS 0,4 pada rongga baja hollow bertujuan menutupi rongga tersebut. Pada elemen baja, nilai kekakuan dapat ditentukan berdasarkan dimensi dan modulus elastisitas. Untuk elemen komposit nilai kekakuannya belum dapat ditentukan secara pasti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekakuan pada elemen komposit. Pada penelitian ini digunakan material baja hollow dengan variasi ukuran 30/60 mm, 40/80 mm dan 50/100 mm dengan ketebalan 1 mm mutu BJ 37 yang dirangkai menjadi portal bidang, dengan tinggi dan lebar 800 mm dari ujung ke ujung. Material penyusun mortar adalah semen Portland tipe I, agregat halus, air, dan bahan tambah viscocrete-10. Setelah penelitian dilaksanakan, diperoleh nilai kapasitas portal bidang pengujian profil 30/60 sebesar 0,71 ton dengan perpindahan 23,45 mm, profil 40/80 sebesar 1,28 ton dengan perpindahan 40,41 mm dan profil 50/100 sebesar 2,01 ton dengan perpindahan 37,64 mm. Nilai kekakuan portal bidang pada batas elasis profil 30/60 sebesar 77,778 kg/mm, profil 40/80 sebesar 216,216 kg/mm dan profil 50/100 sebesar 448,529 kg/mm.