bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obsidians of Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily): A Petrographic, Geochemical and Magnetic Study of Known and New Geological Sources
Authors: Rotolo Silvio G. , Carapezza Maria Luisa , Correale Alessandra , Martin Franco Foresta , Hahn Gregor , Hodgetts Alastair G.E. , La Monica Mariangela , Nazzari Manuela , Romano Pierangelo , Sagnotti Leonardo , Siravo Gaia , Speranza Fabio
Published: February 2021

This paper provides new petrochemical and paleomagnetic data from obsidian sub-sources on the island of Pantelleria, exploited since the Neolithic. Data has been obtained from 14 obsidian samples from 4 locations: Fossa della Pernice (2 sites), Salto la Vecchia and Balata dei Turchi. Here, we aim to better characterize these obsidians using a cross-disciplinary and multi-analytical approach, to further understand their archaeological significance. Major element analyses (EMP) have enabled two compositional super-groups to be distinguished: (i) Fossa della Pernice, less peralkaline and (ii) Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia, distinctly more peralkaline and having almost identical chemical patterns. Trace element analyses (LA-ICP-MS) corroborate major element groupings, with the Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia super-group being further characterized by a pronounced negative europium anomaly. Glass H2O contents (FT-IR) reveal an overlap among all the sub-sources (H2O = 0.1–0.3 wt. %). Magnetic methods have refined the petrochemical groupings, permitting further distinction between Balata dei Turchi–Salto La Vecchia and the Fossa della Pernice super-groups. The occurrence of sub-microscopic (< 1 μm) ferromagnetic minerals results in different magnetic susceptibility and Natural Remanent Magnetization values and allows the best distinction among the products from the chosen sites.

When compared with obsidian tools excavated from Bronze-age settlements on the island of Ustica (230 km NE of Pantelleria), 12% are distinctly peralkaline, indicating their provenance to be from the Balata dei Turchi sub-source.
Bilder, Klänge und Gedanken als Orientierungsfaktoren: Anhaltspunkte bei Nietzsche und Wittgenstein
Authors: Stegmaier Werner
Published: February 2021

Images, sounds and thoughts as orientation factors: Clues with Nietzsche and Wittgenstein. – The paper demonstrates how images and sounds become clues both for Nietzsche and Wittgenstein in order to understand sentences and thoughts (I). Nietzsche pursues the question of how we orient ourselves not only through thoughts but also through images and sounds from his philosophical beginnings and, by doing so, he draws horizon lines for answering this question (II). In approximately these leeways, Wittgenstein asks how thinking, instead of simply thinking itself, shows itself: he explores the possibilities of methodically describing this showing itself and finds them in analogizing the understanding of a sentence on the one hand and the understanding of an image and of a piece of music on the other (III).
The Unutterable as a Mode of Utterance: Wittgenstein’s Two Remarks on “Count Eberhard’s Hawthorn” by Ludwig Uhland
Authors: König Christoph
Published: February 2021

Uhland’s poem has found fame as a litmus test in philosophical debates about Wittgenstein’sTractatus.Like many works of art, the poem is dynamically produced in its effort to resolve a fundamental conflict. The poem’s conflict arises from the difficulty to connect the count’s life and his daydream. In the end, the poem as a whole serves to embody a critique of the capacity of a daydream to recover memories faithfully. Wittgenstein makes two remarks in a 1917 letter to Paul Engelmann that pertain to the poem. They are to be read in keeping with a resolute reading (James Conant, Cora Diamond) of theTractatus; Wittgenstein’s first remark imitates the very movement of thought we find in the poem – and in doing so Wittgenstein makes good on his claim to talk about the poem: “the unutterable is, – unutterably –containedin what is uttered.” His second remark has, thus far, played no role in literature – Wittgenstein speaks of Engelmann’s dreams, yet he does not explicitly formulate the poem’s bearing on them. Here, too, he reenacts, in the formulation of his remark, the core conflict of the poem. My interpretation of the poem, finally, distinguishes three interpretive approaches (symbolistic, realistic, critical) in order to capture the understanding of the poem embodied in Wittgenstein's remarks.
Lectures on Religious Beliefand the epistemology of disagreements
Authors: Lavorerio Victoria
Published: February 2021

The influence of Wittgenstein’s work in the study of deep disagreements has been dominated byOn Certainty.Since the metaphor of ‘hinges’ plays a central role in the scholarship ofOn Certainty, a Wittgensteinian theory of deep disagreements is assumed to be based onhinge epistemology.This means that a disagreement would be deep because it concerns parties with conflicting hinges. When we shift our attention to a different part of Wittgenstein’s oeuvre, however, another picture of deep disagreements emerges. This article proposes a new Wittgensteinian approach to disagreements through the analysis of theLectures on Religious Belief.Some of the disagreements that Wittgenstein and his pupils discuss in these lectures are deep, but not because they are grounded in different hinges, but because they are disagreements aboutpictures.

This article is an extension of a paper presented at the 41st International Wittgenstein Symposium. It was published in the proceedings of the symposium with the title: “Pictures in Wittgenstein’s Treatment of Disagreements in the so-calledLectures on Religious Belief” (Lavorerio, 2018b). I would like to thank the audience at that presentation for their comments, as well as Dejan Makovec, Martin Kusch and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on previous drafts of this paper.
Synthesis, spectral (FT-IR, 1H, 13C) studies, and crystal structure of [(2,6-CO2)2C5H3NSnBu2(H2O)]2·CHCl3
Authors: Diop Tidiane , Ndioléne Adrienne , Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Boye Mouhamadou Sembene , van der Lee Arie , Dumitru Florina , Khadir Diop Cheikh Abdoul , Sidibé Mamadou
Published: February 2021

Di-n-butyltin(IV) 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate [(2,6-CO2)2C5H3NSnBu2(H2O)]2·CHCl3, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

; with a = 9.2330(4), b = 10.4790(5), c = 20.2489(8) Å, α = 89.439(4), β = 87.492(3), γ = 85.888(4)°, V = 1951.96(15) Å3, and Z = 2. In this complex, the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate groups are tetradentate, chelating, and bridging ligands for the tin(IV) atoms. NMR spectra showed that the ligands bind to the tin(IV) center in the anionic (COO−) form. In the asymmetric unit of the dimeric complex, the monomer is composed of an n-Bu2Sn unit bonded to one 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate group through one nitrogen and two oxygen donor atoms. It is also coordinated by a water molecule. In the dimer formed by carboxylate bridging, a trans-heptacoordinated geometry around the tin(IV) atom is established. The chloroform molecule is connected to the dimer by C–H···O contacts. Compound exhibits extended O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonding networks leading to a supramolecular layer topology.
Der Einzelne und die Gemeinschaft. Joh 21 als johanneisches Narrativ synoptischer Traditionen
Authors: Ueberschaer Nadine
Published: February 2021

Auf der Grundlage synoptischer Traditionen bietet Joh 21 ein johanneisches Narrativ einer Nachfolgegemeinschaft von Individuen. Der Epilog ist also als ein Ausdruck johanneischen Selbstverständnisses zu verstehen, das durch die Verarbeitung der im 1Joh thematisierten Gemeindekonflikte bestimmt ist. Besondere Bedeutung kommen Petrus und dem geliebten Jünger als exemplarischen Nachfolgern zu. Petrus tritt dabei als umgekehrter Schismatiker in den Blick, der dem Zeugnis des Lieblingsjüngers folgt. Darüber hinaus wird an beiden das Zusammenspiel des Einzelnen und der Gemeinschaft erörtert, woraus sich zugleich eine neue Deutung des ‚Ich‘ in V. 25 eröffnet.
BK Channel Regulation of Afterpotentials and Burst Firing in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons
Authors: Niday Zachary , Bean Bruce P.
Published: February 2021

BK calcium-activated potassium channels have complex kinetics because they are activated by both voltage and cytoplasmic calcium. The timing of BK activation and deactivation during action potentials determines their functional role in regulating firing patterns but is difficult to predict a priori. We used action potential clamp to characterize the kinetics of voltage-dependent calcium current and BK current during action potentials in Purkinje neurons from mice of both sexes, using acutely dissociated neurons that enabled rapid voltage clamp at 37°C. With both depolarizing voltage steps and action potential waveforms, BK current was entirely dependent on calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels. With voltage steps, BK current greatly outweighed the triggering calcium current, with only a brief, small net inward calcium current before Ca-activated BK current dominated the total Ca-dependent current. During action potential waveforms, although BK current activated with only a short (∼100 μs) delay after calcium current, the two currents were largely separated, with calcium current flowing during the falling phase of the action potential and most BK current flowing over several milliseconds after repolarization. Step depolarizations activated both an iberiotoxin-sensitive BK component with rapid activation and deactivation kinetics and a slower-gating iberiotoxin-resistant component. During action potential firing, however, almost all BK current came from the faster-gating iberiotoxin-sensitive channels, even during bursts of action potentials. Inhibiting BK current had little effect on action potential width or a fast afterhyperpolarization but converted a medium afterhyperpolarization to an afterdepolarization and could convert tonic firing of single action potentials to burst firing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBK calcium-activated potassium channels are widely expressed in central neurons. Altered function of BK channels is associated with epilepsy and other neuronal disorders, including cerebellar ataxia. The functional role of BK in regulating neuronal firing patterns is highly dependent on the context of other channels and varies widely among different types of neurons. Most commonly, BK channels are activated during action potentials and help produce a fast afterhyperpolarization. We find that in Purkinje neurons BK current flows primarily after the fast afterhyperpolarization and helps to prevent a later afterdepolarization from producing rapid burst firing, enabling typical regular tonic firing.
BRCA1–BARD1 Regulates Axon Regeneration in Concert with the Gqα–DAG Signaling Network
Authors: Sakai Yoshiki , Hanafusa Hiroshi , Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Pastuhov Strahil I. , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro
Published: February 2021

The breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA1 and its partner BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) form an E3-ubiquitin (Ub) ligase complex that acts as a tumor suppressor in mitotic cells. However, the roles of BRCA1–BARD1 in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, remain poorly defined. Here, we report that BRC-1 and BRD-1, theCaenorhabditis elegansorthologs of BRCA1 and BARD1, are required for adult-specific axon regeneration, which is positively regulated by the EGL-30 Gqα–diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling pathway. This pathway is downregulated by DAG kinase (DGK), which converts DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA). We demonstrate that inactivation of DGK-3 suppresses thebrc-1 brd-1defect in axon regeneration, suggesting that BRC-1–BRD-1 inhibits DGK-3 function. Indeed, we show that BRC-1–BRD-1 poly-ubiquitylates DGK-3 in a manner dependent on its E3 ligase activity, causing DGK-3 degradation. Furthermore, we find that axon injury causes the translocation of BRC-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where DGK-3 is localized. These results suggest that the BRC-1–BRD-1 complex regulates axon regeneration in concert with the Gqα–DAG signaling network. Thus, this study describes a new role for breast cancer proteins in fully differentiated neurons and the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of axon regeneration in response to nerve injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBRCA1–BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) is an E3-ubiquitin (Ub) ligase complex acting as a tumor suppressor in mitotic cells. The roles of BRCA1–BARD1 in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, remain poorly defined. We show here thatCaenorhabditis elegansBRC-1/BRCA1 and BRD-1/BARD1 are required for adult-specific axon regeneration, a process that requires high diacylglycerol (DAG) levels in injured neurons. The DAG kinase (DGK)-3 inhibits axon regeneration by reducing DAG levels. We find that BRC-1–BRD-1 poly-ubiquitylates and degrades DGK-3, thereby keeping DAG levels elevated and promoting axon regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that axon injury causes the translocation of BRC-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where DGK-3 is localized. Thus, this study describes a new role for BRCA1–BARD1 in fully-differentiated neurons.
Adult trkB Signaling in Parvalbumin Interneurons is Essential to Prefrontal Network Dynamics
Authors: Guyon Nicolas , Zacharias Leonardo Rakauskas , van Lunteren Josina Anna , Immenschuh Jana , Fuzik Janos , Märtin Antje , Xuan Yang , Zilberter Misha , Kim Hoseok , Meletis Konstantinos , Lopes-Aguiar Cleiton , Carlén Marie
Published: February 2021

Inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) are central to cortical network dynamics, generation of γ oscillations, and cognition. Dysfunction of PV interneurons disrupts cortical information processing and cognitive behavior. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB) signaling regulates the maturation of cortical PV interneurons but is also implicated in their adult multidimensional functions. Using a novel viral strategy for cell-type-specific and spatially restricted expression of a dominant-negative trkB (trkB.DN), we show that BDNF/trkB signaling is essential to the integrity and maintenance of prefrontal PV interneurons in adult male and female mice. Reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) resulted in deficient PV inhibition and increased baseline local field potential (LFP) activity in a broad frequency band. The altered network activity was particularly pronounced during increased activation of the prefrontal network and was associated with changed dynamics of local excitatory neurons, as well as decreased modulation of the LFP, abnormalities that appeared to generalize across stimuli and brain states. In addition, our findings link reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in prefrontal PV interneurons to increased aggression. Together our investigations demonstrate that BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the adult mPFC is essential to local network dynamics and cognitive behavior. Our data provide direct support for the suggested association between decreased trkB signaling, deficient PV inhibition, and altered prefrontal circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB) signaling promotes the maturation of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, neurons central to local cortical dynamics, γ rhythms, and cognition. Here, we used a novel viral approach for reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to establish the role of BDNF/trkB signaling in adult prefrontal network activities. Reduced BDNF/trkB signaling caused pronounced morphologic alterations, reduced PV inhibition, and deficient prefrontal network dynamics. The altered network activity appeared to manifest across stimuli and brain states and was associated with aberrant local field potential (LFP) activities and increased aggression. The results demonstrate that adult BDNF/trkB signaling is essential to PV inhibition and prefrontal circuit function and directly links BDNF/trkB signaling to network integrity in the adult brain.
Rod Photoreceptors Avoid Saturation in Bright Light by the Movement of the G Protein Transducin
Authors: Frederiksen Rikard , Morshedian Ala , Tripathy Sonia A. , Xu Tongzhou , Travis Gabriel H. , Fain Gordon L. , Sampath Alapakkam P.
Published: February 2021

Rod photoreceptors can be saturated by exposure to bright background light, so that no flash superimposed on the background can elicit a detectable response. This phenomenon, called increment saturation, was first demonstrated psychophysically by Aguilar and Stiles and has since been shown in many studies to occur in single rods. Recent experiments indicate, however, that rods may be able to avoid saturation under some conditions of illumination. We now show in
ex vivo
electroretinogram and single-cell recordings that in continuous and prolonged exposure even to very bright light, the rods of mice from both sexes recover as much as 15% of their dark current and that responses can persist for hours. In parallel to recovery of outer segment current is an ∼10-fold increase in the sensitivity of rod photoresponses. This recovery is decreased in transgenic mice with reduced light-dependent translocation of the G protein transducin. The reduction in outer-segment transducin together with a novel mechanism of visual-pigment regeneration within the rod itself enable rods to remain responsive over the whole of the physiological range of vision. In this way, rods are able to avoid an extended period of transduction channel closure, which is known to cause photoreceptor degeneration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Rods are initially saturated in bright light so that no flash superimposed on the background can elicit a detectable response. Frederiksen and colleagues show in whole retina and single-cell recordings that, if the background light is prolonged, rods slowly recover and can continue to produce significant responses over the entire physiological range of vision. Response recovery occurs by translocation of the G protein transducin from the rod outer to the inner segment, together with a novel mechanism of visual-pigment regeneration within the rod itself. Avoidance of saturation in bright light may be one of the principal mechanisms the retina uses to keep rod outer-segment channels from ever closing for too long a time, which is known to produce photoreceptor degeneration.
Can Moderate Patient Prosthesis Mismatch Be Tolerated in a Selected Group of Patients with Aortic Valve Replacement?
Authors: Kaya İbrahim Cagri , Ozgur Mustafa Mert , Hancer Hakan , Ozer Tanıl , Altas Yerlikhan Ozge , Sunar Hasan
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of patient prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and its effects on ejection fraction (EF), gradients, and late survival.
Methods: 200 patients who underwent isolated mechanical AVR between March 2013 and May 2016 were retrospectively evaluated based on patient records.
Results: 200 patients were included in the study. No PPM was detected in 42 (21%) patients, moderate PPM in 122 (61%), and severe PPM in 36 (18%) patients. A significant decrease was found in all groups in terms of mean valve gradients and LVMI (preoperative LVMI compared with postoperative LVMI at the 12th month) (P < .001). A 30% decrease in mean LVMI in the no PPM and moderate PPM groups and a 20% decrease in the severe PPM group were detected at the 6th month.
Conclusion: In our postoperative data, we found that EF was preserved, the transvalvular gradient reduced, and LVMI decreased. There was no difference in mortality rates between the control (no PPM) group and the moderate PPM group. Taking into account our patient groups, we can say that no-to-moderate PPM has no major effect on left ventricular remodeling in patients with preserved left ventricular functions.
Comparison of Transcatheter Mitral-Valve Repair and Surgical Mitral-Valve Repair in Elderly Patients with Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Yuan Haoyong , Wei Tingting , Wu Zhongshi , Lu Ting , Chen Jinlan , Zeng Yifan , Tan Ling , Huang Can
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To summarize comparative studies of MitraClip versus surgical repair in typical, real-world elderly patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and analyze the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic options.
Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for comparative studies of transcatheter mitral-valve repair (TMVR) versus surgical mitral-valve repair (SMVR) in elderly patients with severe MR from January 2000 to June 2020. Statistical pooling for incidence estimates was performed according to a random-effects model with generic inverse-variance weighting, computing risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using RevMan 5.3.
Results: A total of 14 reports comparing MitraClip with SMVR, enrolling 3355 patients with severe MR, were included in this study. Mean age, Logistic EuroSCORE, and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) were significantly higher in the MitraClip group, except the rate of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of >II and mean value of ejection fraction (EF). The arithmetic mean of freedom from acute mobility was similar. The 2 groups had equal all-cause mortality at 30 days, but different at 1 year (14% versus 9%) and 3 years in 7 studies (37% versus 25%). The freedom from recurrent MR ≥3+ was 88% and 97.3% at 30 days, 76.0% and 90.0% at 1 year, and 79% and 95% at 3 years in the MitraClip and surgical repair group, respectively.
Conclusion: Although MitraClip is safe and effective in selected high-risk patients, the surgery may be the only gold standard for “gray” patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether MitraClip should be recommended.
Progress in Research of Asymptomatic Primary Mitral Regurgitation Examination Methods: A Review of Literature
Authors: Ma Chen , Fei Xie , Wei Hao Ding , Xiao Zong Wei
Published: February 2021

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular heart disease, which can be classified into primary and secondary, according to the cause. Primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) is caused by rheumatic fever, degenerative changes, valve prolapse, etc. The appearance of clinical symptoms has always been the best indicator of surgical intervention in patients with severe PMR, but for asymptomatic patients, the best treatment has been controversial. The choice of follow-up observation or early surgery has different results in different randomized studies. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the most commonly used detection method for evaluating MR, but its evaluation of the degree of reflux may be inaccurate, and there are differences in the outcomes of patients with asymptomatic PMR. Recent studies have shown that three-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, speckle-tracking echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide, and exercise stress test can optimize the timing of surgery for asymptomatic patients and judge the asymptomatic of PMR.
PHYTASE FROM BACILLUS SP. STRAIN LA12: ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Abdolshahi Anna , Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh Behdad , Arabameri Majid , Monjazeb Marvdashti Leila
Published: February 2021

Phytate take effect as an anti-nutrient element in food and feed materials. Thus, phytase, by catalyzing phytate, hydrolyzing the phosphomonoester bonds and releasing the inorganic phosphorous, decrease the phytate and enhance their nutritional value. Therefore, in this study, Bacillus sp. strain LA12was isolated from natural origins and the phytase production activity was evaluated. The novel extracellular phytase was produced and precipitated by saturated ammonium sulfate. The ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-sepharose and the size-exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100 were used to purify the enzyme. The results showed that the purification yield and concentration of final enzyme were 5.9% and 18.4%, respectively. Based on SDS-PAGE results the molecular weight of the phytase was determined about 73 kDa. Optimal activity of the enzyme was obtained at pH of 5.5 and 60 ºC. Kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 0.197 mM and 1.174 µmol/min, respectively. Mg2+, Co2+ and EDTA accelerated the effect on phytase activity; whilst adding other metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ in both concentrations could decrease its activity. Moreover, ‏ Mn2+ ion didn’t show indicative effect on its activity. The purified phytase exhibits good thermal stability after incubation at 50-70°C for 30 min, whereas the phytase activity drastically decreased up to 61% at 80°C. This study indicated that the purified phytase has the desired characteristics and can promisingly be used for hydrolyzing of phytate in food and feed.
ACTINOBACTERIAL PIGMENT ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Singh Naresh , Naik Bindu , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Vivek , Gupta Sanjay
Published: February 2021

Recently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained considerable attention due to its benefits such as cost efficiency, simplicity, eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility and broad applications over conventional chemical and physical techniques. In this context twenty actinobacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of wild carrot and screened for their pigment producing ability. These isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces (58%), followed by Streptosporangium sp.  (19%), Nocardia sp. (11%), Actinomadura sp. (8%), and Micromonospora sp. (4%). The most promising isolate (NS-05) producing the pink pigment has been taken for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The isolate NS-05 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was most closely related with type strain Streptomyces fulvissimus DSM 40593T, S. microflavus NBRC13062T, S. setonii NRRL ISP-5322T, S. anulatus RRL B-2000T with a sequence similarity of 95.6% which shows that it may belong to novel species of Streptomyces.  The bio-pigment assisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR and Scanning electron microscopy studies. The average size of synthesized silver nanoparticles was 42.5nm and has λ max at 433 nm.  The synthesized nanoparticles showed promising activity against major pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 6380, Escherichia coli MTCC 739.  The findings of present research are promising, and this pigment can also be used for the green synthesis of other nanoparticles.
METHODS FOR THE CULTURE CONSERVATION OF EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL FUNGI
Authors: Castro-Rios Katherin , Bermeo-Escobar Laura P.
Published: February 2021

The maintenance and conservation of strains of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi are vital for the advancement and development of various life science areas, impacting studies in genetics, biodiversity, bioprospecting, biotechnology, medicine, veterinary, environment, food security, nutrition, among others. The preservation of this biological material has achieved the safeguarding of industrial potential and the possibility of researching new functions and the use for the benefit of humanity. Various culture preservation methods have been developed over the years, such as sterile distilled water, cryopreservation, freeze-drying, sub-culture, and sterile mineral oil; these allow storing strains of various microorganisms under appropriate conditions and for long periods. For the case of edible and medicinal fungi, the most used conservation methods are cryopreservation and sterile distilled water, guaranteeing the stability of the characteristics of these fungi, their viability, and their biological potential over time; however, the need to continue evaluating different methods and applications in this type of fungus persists.
Estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem no Ensino Superior: possibilidades para o curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Perucci Leidelaine , Bento Elaine Gonçalo
Published: February 2021

A temática de ensino e aprendizagem alcança patamares para além da Educação Básica e dos ambientes escolarizados. Este artigo foi produzido a partir da disciplina de Estratégias de Ensino e Aprendizagem oferecida no formato de Mobilidade Internacional Virtual pela Universidad Nacional Costa Rica (UNA-CR) em parceria com o Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (PPGEDMAT/UFOP). Aqui apresentamos uma análise da disciplina de Introdução à Educação do curso de Pedagogia da UFOP em um estudo qualitativo que contemplou a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, procurou estabelecer pontes com dados históricos do curso e fundamentar essas interlocuções na literatura específica da área de formação de professores, nos documentos legais e na Matriz curricular. Os resultados foram analisados a luz da teoria cientifica a partir de autores como Anastasiou e Alves (2012), Beraza (2011), Freire (1996), Santos (2008) e Libâneo (2002 e 2017). Percebe-se que as estratégias são essenciais no processo educacional e que para cada disciplina e turma há contextos diferentes nas quais as estratégias precisam ser pensadas de forma linear.
Effects of fat meat and storage temperature on the qualities of frozen minced beef products
Authors: Lee Hyeong-Su , Park Yong Il , Kang Saehoon
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal storage period for frozen minced beef products and to under-stand key factors affecting their quality. Frozen minced beef products with 10 and 15% of fat content were kept at ?5, ?15, and ?23°C, and over a 6-month period, they were assessed for moisture content (MC), peroxide values (POV), acid values (AV), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, total volatile basic nitrogen content (TVB-N), and the sensory test in order to identify the effect on quality. This helped to determine their appropriate storage duration at a given temperature. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the correlations between storage tempera-ture, fat meat percentage, characteristic factors, and overall acceptance (OA). Five months for ?23°C, 4 months for ?15°C, and 2 months for ?5°C met 3.7 points or more of OA, in accordance with global sensory analysis stan-dards, and were determined as acceptable frozen storage durations. The very high multiple regression analysis R2 (0.97–0.99) verified the correlation between the characteristic factors and OA. In addition, TVB-N, MC, and POV, respectively, were the main quality factors affecting OA at ?5, ?15, and ?23°C (R2 > 0.8). These findings may prove useful and practical for manufacturers to improve storage and distribution practices in maintaining the quality of frozen minced beef products.
REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SADC COUNTRIES
Authors:   University of Fort Hare, South Africa, Mlambo Courage , Kapingura Forget ,   University of Fort Hare, South Africa
Published: February 2021

This study sought to examine the effects of remittances on economic development on selected SADC states. Remittances are important for the survival of poor individuals, households and societies around the world. The funds sent by migrants are a crucial means of survival that can assist families in buying food, sending children to school and building basic shelter. Given the poor economic development in these SADC countries and the probable development outcomes of remittances, remittances income should be critical to the SADC countries. However, literature shows that relationship between remittances and development is not always clear. Remittances may bring positive or negative effects. It is against this background that this study sought to examine the effects of remittances on economic development on selected SADC states. The study used panel data and the sample included five SADC countries (Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini and DRC) for the years 2005-2015. The study used a Fixed effects model, random effects model and a GMM approach to estimate the effects of remittances and economic development. Results showed that remittances have a positive effect with economic development. This finding suggests that remittance inflows are able to stimulate economic development. The study recommended that the government put in place policies that enhance the remittances transformation to economic development.
RECOMENDAÇÕES, FRENTE A COVID-19, QUANTO AO USO DE VENTILADORES MECÂNICOS E CONDICIONADORES DE AR (SPLIT SYSTEM) EM AMBIENTES ESCOLARES
Authors: André Thiago da Silva
Published: February 2021

A pandemia do COVID-19 anunciada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) em março de 2020 trouxe uma reformulação e reanálise em muitas práticas existentes. Com a possibilidade de contaminação do novo coronavírus pelo ar faz-se necessária adaptações de muitos ambientes de vivência, entre eles a escola. Naturalmente, são locais que causam aglomeração de pessoas, e, devido ao distanciamento social, estão com suas atividades fins repensadas/readaptadas. Em aulas presenciais, um fator a ser considerado, além da proliferação do vírus, é o conforto térmico. No Brasil, são usados ventiladores mecânicos e sistemas de condicionamento de ar, tipo split system, com essa finalidade. Este artigo aponta caminhos a serem trilhados, quanto ao uso ou não de tais aparelhos, recomenda também protocolos de segurança a serem implementá-los ao tentar se promover um ambiente mais agradável, do ponto de vista térmico, objetivando a mitigação de possíveis proliferações aéreas do patógeno SARS-CoV-2 nas escolas, em um cenário com aulas e/ou trabalhos presenciais.
Actions and changes in the logistics policy in pandemic times: a case study of a funeral home
Authors: Assunção Marcus Vinicius Dantas de , Araújo Maria Valéria Pereira de , Rocha Fabricia Abrantes Figueiredo da , Gonçalves Anderson Tiago Peixoto , Lima Jorge Italo Macedo Prudencio de
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to understand the actions and processes of change made in the logistics policy of a funeral home operating in Northeast Brazil to cope with the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper addresses an exploratory case study with a qualitative analytical approach, which used a semi-structured interview script to collect data from the operations manager of the company in question, videoconferenced in July 2020. The survey was designed in four stages: (1) construction of theoretical subsidies; (2) interview with the operations manager; (3) return to the interviewee to consolidate the collected data; (4) analysis of the main changes occurring in the organisation’s logistics process during the pandemic. The results of the analysis helped conclude that the context of the public health crisis generated actions in and a need to re-adapt the firm’s logistics policy for transport, procurement and inventory, in order to ensure continuity of the funeral services rendered, without detriment to the consumers of the funeral plans and new clients.
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE PROTÓTIPO SOLAR DE BAIXO CUSTO COM MOVIMENTO BASEADO EM SENSOR DE LUMINOSIDADE
Authors: Medeiros Isaac Péricles Maia , André Thiago da Silva , Valcacer Samara Melo , Barbosa Cleiton Rubens Formiga
Published: February 2021

O estudo propõe a utilização de microcontrolador para a realização do projeto de placa de sombreamento baseado na plataforma Arduino. Para tal, usa-se um sensor da luz (LDR 10mm) para proporcionar a inclinação em relação aos raios solares, de modo que o microcontrolador usado seja capaz de fazer o rastreamento do sol com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de tal rastreamento sobre a eficiência da captação dos raios solares, gerando assim, um sinal elétrico diretamente ao responsável pelo microcontrolador. É proposto um mecanismo que tem sua orientação baseada na máxima incidência dos raios solares na superfície da célula solar, fazendo, assim, o alinhamento direcional com a placa fotovoltaica em um ângulo com azimute e altura do Sol direto com a intensidade da radiação solar. Para isso, usam-se dois servomotores e com inclinação que pode variar nos dois eixos: Norte/Sul e Leste/Oeste. Além dos servomotores utilizou-se um microcontrolador. A placa de sombreamento forma um retângulo, devido à posição dos quatro sensores de luz, para controlar componentes diretamente ligados aos servomotores. O software embarcado é feito por algoritmos que permitem ao microcontrolador determinar a correta posição do painel solar em protótipo. Inicialmente descrevem-se as características do sistema proposto e utilizando-se desse aparato, espera-se gerar energia elétrica e aumentar a potência na captação com equipamentos de baixo custo
Percursos do acesso ao PROEJA: um panorama do IFFluminense
Authors: Pessanha Josemara Henrique da Silva , Do Carmo Gerson Tavares
Published: February 2021

Este artigo analisa a política de acesso dos estudantes ao Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense campus Campos Guarus. A partir da sistematização dos editais dos processos seletivos para os cursos do PROEJA, realizou-se um estudo dos procedimentos e critérios adotados nesta ação. Foi verificado que houve mudanças e investimentos na perspectiva da inclusão. Entretanto, é necessário rever alguns elementos, que podem determinar que as ações investidas nesses processos seletivos sejam de fato consolidadas institucionalmente.
COMPORTAMIENTO DEL SECADO SOLAR DE LATERITAS A LA INTEMPERIE EN CONDICIONES DE CLIMA HÚMEDO TROPICAL
Authors: Belette Fuentes Orlando , Estenoz-Mejía Severo
Published: February 2021

RESUMENLas plantas niqueleras de tecnología Caron emplean el secado solar para disminuir la humedad de la mena laterítica. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en evaluar el comportamiento del secado solar de lateritas a la intemperie en condiciones de clima húmedo tropical, para disminuir la humedad de la mena laterítica que procesa esta industria. El proceso de secado solar se ensayó, a escala semi-industrial, en pilas piramidales expuestas a la intemperie en condiciones de abundantes precipitaciones. Luego de 7 semanas de  remoción,la humedad inicial de 37,75 % se redujo hasta 26,81 %. El trabajo realizado sobre el secado a la intemperie redujo a valores inferiores de $0,09 los costos por tonelada de mineral trasegado en los depósitos mineros de Punta Gorda, Moa, Holguín, Cuba.Se obtuvo un valor promedio de humedad final equivalente a la evaporación del 40 % del agua inicial. Se determinó que para alturas de pilas de 5,5 y 8,5 m se requieren 19 y 17 hectáreas respectivamente, para secar 4,2 millones de masa minera en base húmeda, equivalente a la producción de 30 000 toneladas anuales de níquel.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS, EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE AS REFORMAS A PARTIR DE 1990
Authors: Tavares Andrezza M. B. do N. , Santos Fábio Alexandre Araújo , SANTOS LUIZ ANTONIO DA SILVA
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo propõe um estudo bibliográfico sobre Políticas Públicas em Educação no campo da Educação Profissional, em um recorte temporal a partir da década de 1990 até o presente momento. Desvela um percurso histórico contraditório e divergente frente aos discursos ideológicos das políticas públicas enquanto espectros visíveis dos projetos societários em disputa. A problemática do trabalho relaciona-se com a conjuntura política, econômica e social em que o mundo está imerso, especialmente, o Brasil que é um Estado de capitalismo neoliberal dependente. Analisaremos o referencial bibliográfico que norteia o pensamento sobre as Políticas Públicas, Educação Escolar e Educação Profissional. Adotamos como procedimento metodológico, o estudo bibliográfico dos teóricos: Arelaro (2000); Cabral Neto (2007), Krawczyk e Vieira (2002); Lima Filho e Machado (2012); Oliveira e Duarte (2005); Pereira e França (2012); Rodrigues (2007); Ribeiro (2009), bem como, análise documental da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDB 9.394/96, lei nº 10.172/2001, lei nº 11.497/2007, Decreto nº 2.208/1997 e a promulgação do Decreto nº 5.154/2004. A forma como as políticas públicas no campo da educação vêm sendo concebidas e implementadas tem contribuído para ratificar o pensamento hegemônico e acentuar as desigualdades entre as classes sociais.
POR UM CAMINHO PARA O ENSINO DA EPISTEMOLOGIA NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO – UMA CONSTRUÇÃO COMPARTILHADA
Authors: Brito Lydia Maria Pinto , Castro Ahiram Brunni Cartaxo de , Sousa Juliana Carvalho de , Figueiró Rafael de Albuquerque
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi relatar uma experiência de construção inicial da disciplina de Epistemologia de um doutorado de administração numa universidade privada do Nordeste do Brasil, a partir da conexão entre epistemologia, metodologias e textos contemporâneos de áreas do conhecimento com temáticas transversais, reconhecidos do ponto de vista acadêmico e que faziam sentido para os orientadores das teses de doutorado. O referencial de análise da pesquisa tem como principais menções textos da Filosofia e ciências transversais. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, em aberto, inspirado nos pressupostos da Dialética, e possui abordagem qualitativa. Configura-se como um estudo de caso, tendo como procedimentos: o diálogo, a observação participante, a pesquisa documental, a entrevista estruturada e a semiestruturada, e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram para o enriquecimento da disciplina de Epistemologia ao longo de dois anos e o engajamento dos alunos e professores na construção de conteúdos relevantes para a disciplina. Verificou-se, no entanto, resistência de alguns professores orientadores para utilização da Filosofia da Ciência na construção das teses de doutorado dos alunos.
CURIMATÃ-PACU COMO ESPÉCIE PREFERIDA PELOS CONSUMIDORES EM FEIRAS LIVRES DO BAIXO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO, ALAGOAS – BRASIL
Authors: Araujo Daniel de Magalhães , Tamano Luana Tieko Omena , Do Nascimento Cynthia Wanessa Souza , Tavares Kadja Angélica Silva , Lins João Lucas Farias , Da silva Joseane
Published: February 2021

Foram entrevistados 104 e 105 consumidores de peixes nas feiras livres de Penedo (PEN) e Porto Real do Colégio (PRC), Alagoas. Dentre aqueles que afirmaram a preferência pela curimatã-pacu (16 e 27 consumidores), houve uma entrevista para a caracterização socioeconômica e de suas preferências de aquisição e consumo. Homens conformaram a maioria dos entrevistados nas duas cidades, sendo as médias de idade 47,64 e 54,64 anos. Baixas escolaridade e renda familiar foram características comuns. Em ambas as localidades, as carnes preferidas indicadas foram bovinos (47,06% e 48,00%) e peixes (29,41% e 36,00%). Dentre os consumidores que declararam ser a curimatã-pacu a sua espécie predileta, a frequência de consumo de peixes era alta, sendo que 64,71% em PEN e 76,00% em PRC declararam que consumiam mais de uma vez por semana. Além das curimatãs-pacu, as outras espécies mais citadas como preferidas foram: tambaqui, piaus e tilápia do Nilo (36,36%; 36,36% e 18,18% em PEN; 26,32%; 42,11% e 21,05% em PRC). A maioria que declarou preferir consumir a espécie, afirmou a preferência por sua compra ainda viva ou inteiras frescas, vindo a considerar R$ 6,90 e R$ 6,46 os valores justos pelo quilograma de peixes e as quantias de R$ 8,37 e R$ 8,25 como os preços justos para as curimatãs-pacu, em PEN e PRC, respectivamente. Sendo a espécie nativa preferida nas duas cidades e o mais importante recurso íctico explotado na região, uma maior atenção deve ser dada ao processo de comercialização com vistas a possibilitar a conservação da curimatã-pacu.
O PROGRAMA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA: DIALÉTICA ENTRE A TEORIA E A PRÁTICA
Authors: Monteiro Jorge Henrique de Lima , Queiroz Leonardo Cordeiro de , Anversa Ana Luíza Barbosa , Souza Vânia de Fátima Matias de
Published: February 2021

A formação inicial docente tem sido pauta das discussões como cenário multifacetado com necessidades de uma interlocução centrada na realidade cultural, social e econômica da escola. Assim, no ano de 2018, na busca pela efetivação de uma práxis pedagógica com vistas a consolidar o processo formativo, o governo federal lança o Programa de Residência Pedagógica (RP), com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a formação discente e fortalecer o vínculo entre IES e escola. Neste ano, o curso de licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Maringá é contemplado com 24 bolsas direcionadas a acadêmicos, 3 professores preceptores e 1 orientador de área. Findado a experiência de 18 meses do edital, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar as contribuições do RP no processo formativo em Educação Física a partir dos relatos dos  residentes. Para tanto, sustentamo-nos na pesquisa do tipo qualitativo, de análise documental, cujo tratamento dos dados se deu a partir dos pressupostos da análise de conteúdo. As Categorias de intepretação emergidas foram: (a) as dificuldades encontradas pelos residentes; (b) facilidades da prática pedagógica para a implementação do RP pelos residentes; (c) percepção dos residentes quanto aos benefícios gerados pelo projeto. Os resultados indicaram um sentimento de satisfação por parte dos residentes durante a realização do projeto; e destacando as contribuições do Programa para a viabilização de uma práxis pedagógica formativa no contexto IES e escola, por meio da imersão dos  futuros professores na realidade do ambiente educacional.
EXTRATO DE BIXINA DE SEMENTES DE URUCUM COMO CORANTE NATURAL NA FORMULAÇÃO DE PIPOCA DE MICRO-ONDAS: AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL E EFEITOS EM DETERMINADOS PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE
Authors: Chamone Meiry Ellen Ramos , Oliveira Andressa Aparecida Santos , Miguel Rafael Araújo , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Trombete Felipe Machado
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo obter um extrato lipídico rico em bixina, a partir de sementes de urucum e, avaliar a viabilidade de seu uso como corante natural na formulação de pipoca de micro-ondas. Sementes de urucum com 4,42 ± 0,32% de bixina foram submetidas a extração com óleo de soja e esse extrato foi adicionado em diferentes concentrações na formulação de pipoca e então avaliada a atividade antioxidante, capacidade de expansão e coloração dos produtos. A percepção sensorial também foi estudada por 70 consumidores, utilizando escala hedônica de 9 pontos e questionário CATA (check-all-that-apply) para associação das cores das pipocas com possíveis sabores. Verificou-se que é viável a adição do extrato como corante natural na formulação de pipoca de micro-ondas, não alterando as características de expansão dos produtos. Os maiores níveis de adição produziram pipocas com maior intensidade amarela (+b*) e com boa aceitação sensorial. Através do questionário CATA verificou-se que é recomendada a comercialização dos produtos com adição dos sabores bacon em todas as formulações adicionadas de extrato de bixina. Já as formulações adicionadas das maiores concentrações de bixina também podem ser comercializadas com os sabores manteiga, queijo, picante e mostarda. Essa pesquisa demonstra uma aplicação prática para a produção de um corante natural e afirma o seu potencial para formulação e comercialização de pipocas de micro-ondas
Biological characteristics, stock condition and commercial use of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) in Magadan Region at the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Volobuev V. V. , Gorokhov M. N. , Korshukova A. M. , Makarov D. V.
Published: February 2021

The information about of the features of the biological structure of coho salmon is provided, the issues of the dynamics of spawning runs, commercial use and adult escapement for spawning grounds are considered. The importance of coho salmon as commercial or recreational fishery object is demonstrated.