bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EARLY GENERATION SELECTION UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AS IT INFLUENCES ADAPTATION OF BARLEY
Authors: St-Pierre C. A. , Klinck H. R. , Gauthier F. M.
Published: March 2010

Selections, from F2 to F5 inclusive, were made from a segregating population of barley under the environmental conditions of Macdonald College and La Pocatière. In each generation, seed from the selected plants was divided into two parts and subsequently seeded at the two locations. This yearly exchange of material provided 16 selection pathways, that is, groups of different environmental conditions, under which selection was performed. The adaptability of the selected strains was estimated from yield trials conducted at the two stations during F7 and F8. Strains selected at La Pocatière in F4 possessed a better adaptation than those selected at Macdonald College. Strains selected at alternate locations in successive years, starting at La Pocatière in F2, possessed the widest adaptation.Yield trials indicated that the adaptability of the selected strains was dependent upon the selection pathway involved. Selection of barley varieties with wide adaptation could be enhanced by paying attention to the environmental conditions under which the selection is made.
EFFECT OF SEED SPACING ON YIELD AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SNAP BEANS
Authors: Cutcliffe J. A.
Published: March 2010

Tendercrop snap beans were seeded 2.5, 5.1, 7.6 and 10.2 cm apart in rows spaced 76 cm apart in three consecutive years. The 2.5-cm spacing consistently gave the highest yield. Size distribution of the harvested beans was not affected by seed spacing.
PRODUCTIVITY AND DURABILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN SOUTHEASTERN ALBERTA
Authors: Smoliak S. , Johnston A. , Lutwick L. E.
Published: March 2010

Productivity and durability of 29- to 38-year-old stands of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum Gaertn., were assessed. Crested wheatgrass consistently outyielded the grass and sedge component of Mixed Prairie native range vegetation by a ratio that ranged from 12.42 to 1.08. Analysis of soils showed that exhaustion of N was not a factor in persistence of stands. The data indicated that, in the study area, seeded stands of crested wheatgrass became a permanent part of the vegetation and that yield was dependent mainly on current rainfall.
EFFECT OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN AND NITRATE NITROGEN, SEPARATELY AND IN COMBINATION, ON THE GROWTH OF THE HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: Townsend L. R.
Published: March 2010

A greenhouse sand-culture study with two sands revealed that growth was significantly better with ammonium nitrogen, or ammonium nitrogen plus nitrate nitrogen, than with nitrate nitrogen. Roots of plants receiving NO3-N were dark brown or black, whereas roots of those receiving NH4-N or NH4-N + NO3-N were light brown. Nutrient levels in leaves and roots were significantly affected by the form of applied N. Plants receiving NH4-N had significantly higher leaf levels of N, P and Fe and significantly lower levels of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Al than did plants receiving NO3-N. Levels in plants receiving NH4-N + NO3-N were generally intermediate. Effluent pH from NH4-N or NH4-N + NO3-N plants decreased during growth, but pH of effluents from NO3-N plants increased.
ACTION DE L’AZOTE, DU POTASSIUM ET DU MAGNESIUM SUR DEUX VERGERS DE POMMIERS McINTOSH
Authors: Dionne J. L. , Roy P. O. , Allard O. , Granger R. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
FLORAL INITIATION AND SEED PRODUCTION IN FESTUCA SCABRELLA TORR.
Authors: Johnston A. , MacDonald M. D.
Published: March 2010

Three thousand seven hundred and eighty shoot apices of Festuca scabrella Torr. were examined over a three-year period. Stages of development and height of apices above the root-stem transition were recorded. Initiation and partial floral development occurred in autumn, 1963 and 1965; seed set in native stands was good in 1964 and 1966. Initiation failed to occur in 1964 and 1966; seed set was poor in 1965 and a poor seed crop in 1967 appeared likely. Causes of induction and later initiation of floral development were not determined. The tendency of F. scabrella to decrease in abundance when grazed heavily was attributed to its erect growth habit and lack of lateral tillers rather than to factors associated with the developmental morphology of the shoot apex.
TOLERANCE OF FLAX TO DICAMBA APPLIED TO THE FOLIAGE AND TO THE SOIL
Authors: Molberg E. S.
Published: March 2010

Injury to flax was greater from root uptake than from foliage absorption of dicamba (2,3-dichloro-o-anisic acid) in greenhouse tests. Applications of 0.140 kg/ha (2 oz/acre) of dicamba to both foliage and soil in an overall spray, combined with leaching of the chemical to the root zone, injured the flax beyond recovery. On the other hand, an overall spray without subsequent leaching caused negligible injury. The data help explain the occasional severe injury to flax experienced in field operations.
SEED SIZE AND SEEDLING VIGOR IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Twamley B. E.
Published: March 2010

The relationship between seed size and seedling vigor in the field and greenhouse was determined for European-type birdsroot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L).Sixty-four open-pollination progeny lines drawn from a nursery of 2,000 plants were grouped, on the basis of seed size, into eight classes each having eight lines. The largest-seeded lines were about twice as heavy as the smallest. Seedings were made in the greenhouse and in two field sites and the lines were evaluated visually and by weight for seedling vigor.The larger-seeded lines, on the average, outperformed the smaller ones but even they contained some poorer material. However, the best six lines all originated in the three larger-seeded classes. Forage yield in the greenhouse at six weeks of age provided a good index for predicting seedling vigor in the field.Suggestions are made for carrying out a breeding program aimed at developing a strain of trefoil excelling in seedling vigor. The scheme envisages the use of two laboratory screening techniques destined to eliminate all but the most vigorous lines and thereby to reduce the number of lines to be field-tested to 10% of the original population.
ORBIT, TALL WHEATGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

not available
A NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR SELECTING BARLEY SEEDLINGS EXHIBITING EARLY TOLERANCE TO SALINITY
Authors: Rauser W. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
ESTIMATING YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT FROM CALCULATED SOIL MOISTURE
Authors: Baier W. , Robertson Geo. W.
Published: March 2010

Yield components of a wheat crop, namely number of heads per unit area, number of kernels per head and 1000-kernel weight, were related to soil moisture estimated from a meteorological budgeting procedure using only standard climatic data. Several soil-moisture variables, such as moisture content in the root zone from jointing to heading, significantly affected all three yield components and thereby final grain yields. The calculated yield components did not give better estimates of grain yields than those obtained directly from soil-moisture variables, but they did provide a better insight into the relationships between soil moisture, other climatic variables and grain yields at each of the eight stations across Canada. The practical use of a soil-moisture climatology based on the established relationships between estimated soil moisture and yield components is discussed.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE ON SIZE, RATE OF DEVELOPMENT, AND YIELD OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Authors: Cutcliffe J. A. , MacKay D. C. , Munro D. C.
Published: March 2010

A factorial experiment was conducted during three successive cropping seasons to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and manure on the growth and yield of Brussels sprouts. Plant development was delayed by a lack of phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus applications decreased the yields of small sprouts and increased the yields of those greater than 2.3 cm in diameter. Total marketable yields were substantially increased by nitrogen and phosphorus but were only slightly affected by rates of applied potassium. Yield increases from high rates of nitrogen were obtained only when accompanied by adequate phosphorus. A manure treatment slightly increased marketable yields but the effect was usually not significant.
YIELD OF DRY MATTER, IN VITRO-DIGESTIBLE DRY MATTER AND CRUDE PROTEIN OF FORAGES
Authors: Fulkerson R. S. , Mowat D. N. , Tossell W. E. , Winch J. E.
Published: March 2010

Pure stands of alfalfa, bromegrass, orchardgrass and timothy, each represented by two varieties differing in maturity and/or plant type, were harvested weekly during their first crop growth in 1961, 1962, and 1963.All forages consistently increased in dry matter yield until approximately the early-seed stage. Differences in rate of growth, development and dry matter yield occurred between and within forages and years. Bromegrass, the earliest to start growth, and timothy had similar final yields of dry matter, alfalfa was intermediate and orchardgrass was lowest.At the heading stage in the grasses and at the very-first-flower stage in alfalfa, all species had stored 70% of their dry matter but 82% of their in vitro-digestible dry matter (IVD) yield. Unlike dry matter, IVD yields increased slowly after early June.The crude protein content and yield were considerably lower in the grasses than in alfalfa. Varietal yield differences within a species were small except for orchardgrass. At the suggested harvest time, alfalfa had stored 87% of its maximum crude protein yield, and the grasses, 96%.
CONTROLLING ETHYLENE LEVELS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF SMALL CONTAINERS OF APPLES
Authors: Forsyth F. R. , Eaves C. A. , Lockhart C. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF DIRECT CONTACT OF PINE SEEDS OR YOUNG SEEDLINGS WITH COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS, ACTIVE INGREDIENTS, OR INERT INGREDIENTS OF TRIAZINE HERBICIDES
Authors: Kozlowski T. T. , Sasaki S.
Published: March 2010

The effects of continuous direct contact of Pinus resinosa seeds and recently germinated seedlings with commercial formulations, active ingredients, or inert ingredients of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), and propazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) were studied over a 27-day period. The concentration of active ingredients when used alone or in the commercial herbicide formulations was 1,000 ppm. The concentration of inert ingredients when used alone was equivalent to that in the commercial herbicide formulation. Seed germination was not affected by any of the herbicides but all were highly toxic to recently germinated seedlings. Phytotoxicity was variously demonstrated by reduction in dry-weight increment, suppression of root and shoot elongation, and killing of many seedlings. The active ingredients of each herbicide were responsible for most of the toxicity, but inert ingredients also caused some toxicity. Simazine and atrazine were much more toxic than propazine. Difficulties of assessing herbicide toxicity are discussed.
WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES IN ORCHARDGRASS AND MIXED FORAGES
Authors: Bowden D. M. , Taylor D. K. , Davis W. E. P.
Published: March 2010

Variations in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of orchardgrass among breeding lines, stages of harvest, frequency of harvest and time of day were studied. Water-soluble carbohydrate levels differed among breeding lines harvested at the same stage of development. Water-soluble carbohydrate content increased as orchardgrass plants matured with the most rapid increase following anthesis. Harvesting orchardgrass at intervals suitable for hay produced forage with a higher WSC content in the first two cuts, but a lower content in the third, than forage harvested at pasture stage. Orchardgrass cut at 4 pm contained an average of 3 percentage units more WSC than that cut at 9 am. Levels of WSC in both orchardgrass and grass-legume pasture mixtures declined with successive cuts as the season progressed.
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE SPECIES AS AFFECTED BY FERTILIZER APPLICATION, STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND HARVEST DATES
Authors: Calder F. W. , MacLeod L. B.
Published: March 2010

In vitro digestibility (IVD) and yield of digestible dry matter (DDM) was determined on four forage species; Saratoga bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.), Frode orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Climax timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and DuPuits alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown as single species over a 2-year period. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in various combinations and rates were applied to these forage species. Two cuttings per season of the various species were harvested. Fertilization with nitrogen and potassium did not affect IVD of grasses at any of the rates applied. The IVD of alfalfa was increased by potassium fertilization, while DDM yield was increased by both nitrogen and potassium fertilization.Each forage species was also harvested at 4-day intervals throughout the season to determine effect of advancing maturity on digestibility. The IVD of the first harvest of forage early in June averaged 77% for the four species, but by late July it had dropped to 58%. Of the four species tested, the IVD of orchardgrass decreased most rapidly while that of bromegrass decreased most slowly.
ASSESSMENT OF WINTERHARDINESS IN PEACH CULTIVARS BY ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE, SCION DIAMETER AND ARTIFICIAL FREEZING STUDIES
Authors: Weaver G. M. , Jackson H. O. , Stroud F. D.
Published: March 2010

Relative flower-bud hardiness was established for 43 cultivars of peach by survey of natural bud mortality following critical January temperatures in the years 1963, 1965 and 1966.Impedance to electric current (1000 cycle/sec) and scion diameter were shown to be closely related with established levels of hardiness, and their relationship is direct and inverse, respectively. Detailed study of impedance alone for representative hardy, medium-tender and tender cultivars resulted in failure to differentiate between established hardiness groups as a consequence of variability attributable to scion diameter influence. Incorporation of both impedance and diameter measures facilitated the differentiation of medium-tender and hardy from tender cultivars, but only at periods of maximum flower-bud hardiness. The impedance method was used effectively to establish the periodicity, and particularly the minimum and maximum levels, of bud hardiness. Its application in differentiating between hardiness levels in cultivars when integrated with scion diameter observations was confirmed by artificial-freezing studies.The application of these methods is restricted to bearing trees, since neither impedance nor diameter of non-bearing trees could be related to the hardiness responses exhibited by bearing trees of the same cultivars.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF PROGENY OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZED BARLEY PLANTS
Authors: Chiang Lin-Ying , Robertson J. A.
Published: March 2010

Barley seed samples, obtained from five field locations where N and P fertilizers had been applied in a factorial design, were sorted into size categories. Sorted samples were planted in the greenhouse and in field plots to determine the effects of seed size and parental fertilization on plant growth and yield.N fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of large seeds produced at four of the five field locations. P fertilizers had little influence on seed size. Large seeds produced more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit area, fewer smutted heads and greater grain and straw yields than did small seeds. Laboratory analyses showed that large seeds contained 1.6–2.3 times as much total available carbohydrates and 1.6–1.9 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did small seeds. It is suggested that the superiority of the large seeds results from the greater amount of stored energy compounds, particularly the carbohydrates. Parental N and P fertilization had little, if any, direct influence on the growth of the subsequent generation if equal-sized seeds were sown. For a given seed size, there was no difference in the amount of total available carbohydrates in seeds from unfertilized or N- and P-fertilized parents. On the contrary, seeds from N-fertilized parents contained 1.1–1.3 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did those from parents receiving no N fertilizer.
MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL WATER STRESS IN WHEAT PLANTS
Authors: Yang S. J. , Jong E. de
Published: March 2010

The thermocouple psychrometer technique was used to measure plant water stresses of wheat. The usefulness of this technique is limited due to the many precautions that must be taken. The β-ray absorption and relative turgidity were highly correlated (P = 0.01) with plant water potential, but the correlation changed with age. Relative turgidity gave a slightly better estimate of leaf water potential than β-ray absorption (r2 of 0.88 to 0.99 and 0.81 to 0.96 respectively). The β-ray technique has great promise because of its non-destructive nature.At soil water potentials higher than −10 atm, plant water potentials remained nearly constant, indicating that soil water was equally available. Temporary wilting occurred at soil water potentials of −35 to −40 atm.
CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN ALFALFA
Authors: Bradner N. R. , Childers W. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING THE FREQUENCY OF CONTROL PLOTS IN WHEAT BREEDING NURSERIES
Authors: Briggs K. G. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

Control plots of Triticum aestivum var. Manitou were grown adjacent to every plot of breeding material in three hard red spring wheat nurseries at the University of Manitoba. Simple correlations between yields were high (r =.88,.87 and.63) and significant (P.01) for control plots at 2.7-m (9-ft) centers but decreased rapidly to nonsignificance with increasing distance between plot centers. The data indicate that for the particular type of plot used, the yield of a control plot provides a good measure of the soil fertility in terms of the yielding ability of an adjacent plot.
PATHOGENICITY STUDIES WITH FUSARIUM POAE
Authors: Bolton A. T. , Nuttall V. W.
Published: March 2010

An isolate of Fusarium poae (Pk.) Wr. from diseased pea plants at Ottawa caused complete wilting and death of several varieties and species of legumes within 72 hours of root inoculation. Tip-wilting and severe stunting symptoms were produced on inoculated barley, but no symptoms developed on wheat and oats. A sterile filtrate from a suspension of conidia and mycelium was phytotoxic when applied to the roots of peas and beans. The fungus was able to persist for more than 8 weeks in soil containing decomposing pea plants.
BIOCHANIN A AND FORMONONETIN CONTENT IN RED CLOVER VARIETIES AT SEVERAL MATURITY STAGES
Authors: Dedio W. , Clark K. W.
Published: March 2010

A method has been developed for quantitative estimation of the isoflavones — biochanin A and formononetin in red clover. This involved scanning the paper chromatograms with a densitometer for biochanin A and with a fluorimeter for formononetin. Some variation in isoflavone content was observed between varieties. Highest isoflavone content (approximately 1% of dry weight of each isoflavone) occurred in the leaves before flowering and then it fell off rapidly. Only small amounts of isoflavone were present in stems and petioles throughout the growing season.
RESPONSE OF CONIFER SEEDLINGS AND WEEDS TO SEEDBED FUMIGANTS
Authors: Grover R.
Published: March 2010

Four soil fumigants at three rates each were field-tested in nursery seedbeds as pre-sowing treatments for effectiveness in controlling weeds and for tolerance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The fumigants were: allyl alcohol, dazomet (3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2-thio-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine), metam (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) and methyl bromide containing 2% chloropicrin.Most of the fumigant treatments, especially at medium and high rates, provided 80 to 90% control of weeds, irrespective of the weed density. However, the weeds that escaped the treatment grew well. Hand-weeding stimulated the germination of more weed seeds.Most of the fumigant treatments, in 1963 or 1964, did not affect the emergence and stands of the three conifer species. The fresh weight of conifer seedlings in most instances was equal to or better than the weight of seedlings in the hand-weeded check plots. However, the emergence of the two spruce species tended to be reduced in non-weeded as well as in hand-weeded check plots when the weed density was high, and this was attributed to competitive effect of high weed-seedling emergence.
EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION AND DOSAGE OF DICAMBA ON THE TOLERANCE OF WHEAT, OATS AND BARLEY
Authors: Friesen H. A. , Born W. H. Vanden , Keys C. H. , Dryden R. D. , Molberg E. S. , Siemens B.
Published: March 2010

not available
MULCH EFFECTS ON MESOCOTYL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T. , Pelton W. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
A TEMPERATURE-RECORDER TIME CONTROL
Authors: Voisey Peter W.
Published: March 2010

not available
A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL CROPS FOR SEED AND RESIDUE IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Anderson C. H.
Published: March 2010

Eight cereal and oilseed crops were tested in 1965 and 1966 to compare their yields of seed and stubble residue. Barley produced more seed (kg/ha) than any of the other crops tested. Oats outyielded all crops but barley; wheat and rapeseed were equal and surpassed mustard, peas and flax; mustard and peas outyielded flax. In production of crop residue (trash cover), oats outyielded all other crops; wheat and barley were equal and superior to mustard, flax and peas; rapeseed was equal to wheat, barley and mustard and superior to flax and peas. In terms of residue conserved at the soil surface following a 21-month summerfallow period, wheat, oats and barley were equal and superior to mustard, rapeseed, flax and peas. Only the cereal grains provided residues that were adequate for effective control of soil erosion by winds.Although the seed yield of barley and oats exceeded wheat in this experiment, current prices favor wheat as a cash crop.
RESPONSE OF PEA PLANTS TO SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF CYCOCEL ((2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE)
Authors: Adedipe N. O. , Ormrod D. P. , Maurer A. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
POLLINATION TECHNIQUES FOR RED RASPBERRY BREEDING PROGRAMS
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Daubeny Hugh A. , Norman Rossalynn C.
Published: March 2010

not available
COLEOPTILE LENGTH AND EMERGENCE IN VARIETIES OF BARLEY, OATS, AND WHEAT
Authors: Kaufmann M. L.
Published: March 2010

Coleoptile length and seedling emergence were studied in barley, oats, and wheat, with four varieties for each crop. Significant differences in coleoptile length were obtained in darkened cabinets between varieties of barley and oats with temperature regimes of 8 and 21 °C, and between varieties of wheat at 8 °C. In greenhouse tests with seeding depths of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm, there were significant varietal differences in barley in both coleoptile length and emergence. The differences in coleoptile lengths in oat and wheat varieties were not considered important as there were no resulting variations in emergence. The significant effect of seed size on coleoptile length noted in barley was considered of doubtful practical importance.With barley in three soil types, marked varietal differences in coleoptile length and emergence were found in a soil low in humus, at the 7.5 cm depth. Out of 50 seeds sown, an average of only 12 seedlings emerged for the variety with the shortest coleoptile, while 28 emerged for the one with the longest coleoptile. As moisture conditions dictate varying depths of seeding, these results suggest that coleoptile length be considered in barley breeding programs.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING STRAINS OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS TO A RANGE OF FUNGICIDES
Authors: Wales P. , Somers E.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-three fungicides have been tested for fungistatic activity against three strains of Aspergillus flavus, two of which were vigorous aflatoxin producers and one which did not form this toxin. With only three exceptions, no difference among the three strains in susceptibility to a given fungicide was found. The two most effective fungistats were dichlofluanid and Difolatan; only the latter showed fungicidal activity.
EFFECTS OF SELECTED FUNGICIDES ON GERMINATION OF CONIDIA OF CYTOSPORA CINCTA AND C. LEUCOSTOMA IN VITRO
Authors: Dhanvantari B. N.
Published: March 2010

Sixteen chemical agents comprising some fungicides commonly used as surface protectants, systemic chemicals, antibiotics and a bactericide were tested for in vitro activity against germination of conidia of the peach canker fungi, Cytospora cincta and C. leucostoma. Among them, Aureofungin, cyclo-heximide and hydroxyquinoline compounds, Myxin, ferbam, dodine and Kolo-100 were highly inhibitory at relatively low concentrations, that is, 1 to 10 ppm active ingredient.
KERNEL RED STREAK OF CORN IN ONTARIO AND CONFIRMATION OF ACERIA TULIPAE (K.) AS THE CAUSAL AGENT
Authors: Slykhuis J. T. , Mortimore C. G. , Gates L. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
INHERITANCE OF FEMALE STERILITY IN BARLEY
Authors: Harvey B. L. , Reinbergs E. , Somaroo B. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
INCREASED YIELDS FROM CEREALS SOWN ON FROZEN SOIL
Authors: Stoskopf N. C. , Anderson G. W. , Reinbergs E. , Jones G. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING RESPIRATION
Authors: Lougheed E. C. , Franklin E. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
PHOTOPERIOD EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH IN CRANBERRY
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Ormrod D. P.
Published: March 2010

Rooted cuttings of four cranberry varieties (Vactinium macrocarpon Ait.) were subjected to 9 hr of daylight and supplemental low-intensity illumination to provide photoperiods of 9, 12, 15, 21 and 24 hr. Nine weeks after the beginning of photoperiod treatments, the cuttings were rearranged in new photoperiod regimes of 9, 15 and 21 hr for an additional 18 weeks.Longer photoperiods resulted in increased numbers of leaves, more shoots, greater elongation of shoots, and greater dry weight, with the maximum response generally at the 21-hr photoperiod. Growth in the 24-hr photoperiod (continuous light) was frequently inferior to that in the 21-hr. There were some significant differences between varieties in all measurements. Initial treatment effects did not completely disappear in subsequent photoperiod regimes. The greatest responses to long photoperiods in the second regimes took place in those plants which had previously received long days. A few plants growing in short photoperiod treatments formed flower buds.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN VITRO
Authors: Lockhart C. L.
Published: March 2010

The growth of a tomato rotting organism, Fusarium oxysporum sensu Sny. and Hans., in synthetic liquid medium was reduced by decreasing O2 concentration, but stimulated when the reduced O2 atmospheres were supplemented with 2.5 to15% concentrations of CO2. Fusarium oxysporum grew better in air than in any of the gas treatments.
FERTILIZER RESPONSE OF NATIVE AND SEEDED RANGES
Authors: Johnston A. , Smith A. D. , Lutwick L. E. , Smoliak S.
Published: March 2010

In 1962 and 1963, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied at various rates to native fescue range and to range seeded to bromegrass and creeping red fescue. Effect of fertilizers was studied 1, 2, and 3 years after application. Seeded range vegetation responded better than native range vegetation to all levels of fertilizer application. Unfertilized seeded range yielded only one-third as much as unfertilized native range but, at medium to high rates of N or N + P, seeded range yielded from 2 to [Formula: see text] times as much as native range.
RELATIONSHIPS OF SUGAR, ACID AND PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS OF APPLE LEAVES AND FRUITS
Authors: Johnston F. B. , Hammill M. M. , Spangelo L. P. , Watkins R.
Published: March 2010

Sugar, acid and phenolic contents were compared in matched fruit–leaf samples from adult apple trees of several cultivars and scab-resistant selections. Significant positive correlations were found between leaf and fruit phenolic contents and between leaf and fruit total sugars. If similar correlations can be shown to exist between leaves of first-year seedlings and the fruit borne on the adult trees at 7–10 years, the method would provide substantial savings by allowing early discards of seedlings likely to bear undesirable fruit.
EFFECTS OF SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS ON YIELDS AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND BRUSSELS SPROUTS GROWN ON PODZOL SOILS IN THE GREENHOUSE
Authors: Munro D. C. , MacKay D. C.
Published: March 2010

Ammoniated superphosphates, ordinary superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate commercial fertilizers gave similar yield increases with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.) in greenhouse experiments. Comparisons were made with soils very low and moderate in available phosphorus and with established reactions between pH 4.9 and 6.6. Phosphorus was applied either by broadcasting or by banding. Small differences in yields and tissue phosphorus content due to sources of fertilizer phosphorus did not give any correlation with successive crops or soil reaction.As soil pH decreased, yields decreased, but phosphorus content of the tissue increased, on both the fertilized and the unfertilized treatments. Factors other than availability of phosphorus therefore reduced yields on the low-pH soils.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON HERBAGE YIELDS OF TIMOTHY HARVESTED AT VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Authors: Bonin S. G. , Tomlin D. C.
Published: March 2010

A pure stand of local commercial timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was fertilized with N at rates of 0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha and harvested at the vegetative, shot-blade, boot, heading, anthesis and seed-set stages for three consecutive years. Yields of dry matter (DM), digestible dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CP) were measured.Differences in precipitation resulted in highly significant year effects. Each increase in N rate gave a significant yield increase in all years and for both first-cut and total yield of DM, DDM and CP. First-cut yield of DM increased significantly to the anthesis stage, DDM yield increased to the boot stage and CP yield increased to the shot-blade stage. Total yield of DM was maximum at the anthesis stage, DDM total yield was statistically equal at all stages, and CP total yield declined significantly after the heading stage.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON HERBAGE YIELDS OF REED CANARYGRASS HARVESTED AT VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Authors: Bonin S. G. , Tomlin D. C.
Published: March 2010

A pure stand of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was fertilized at rates of 0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha of elemental nitrogen (N) and harvested at the vegetative, shot-blade, boot, heading, anthesis and seed-set stages for three consecutive years. Yields of dry matter (DM), digestible dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CP) were measured.Highly significant year effects were attributed to yearly variations in rainfall. Significant yield increases were recorded for each successively higher N rate in all years, as measured by both first-cut and total yields of DM, DDM and CP. First-cut DM yields increased to the seed-set stage, whereas DDM and CP yields declined significantly at that stage, having reached a maximum at the heading stage. Total DM yields declined slightly after the heading stage, while DDM and CP yields declined significantly after that stage. While first-cut yield responses to N rates were somewhat greater at the later stages, total yield responses were greater at the boot and heading stages as a result of greater aftermath production.
COMPARISON OF CURED VERSUS UNCURED LEAF SAMPLES FOR EVALUATION OF INORGANIC COMPOSITION OF TOBACCO
Authors: MacKay D. C. , LeLacheur K. E.
Published: March 2010

Cured and uncured tobacco leaf samples from plots receiving six rates of dolomitic limestone at six locations over a 3-year period were analyzed for K, Mg and Ca. Average cation percentages of cured samples were greater than those of uncured samples by a factor of 1.23, and the two sets of data were highly correlated. Neither dolomitic limestone treatments nor different "primings" had any appreciable effect on the ratio of cured/uncured cation content. Ratios associated with different locations were, in general, also very similar.When cation percentages in cured leaf samples were predicted from uncured leaf analyses, the effects of treatments and primings were almost identical to the actual response pattern. The precision of the variance analyses of data from cured samples was also comparable to that from the uncured samples.It was concluded that analysis of uncured leaves can be used to predict accurately the inorganic composition of the cured product. Such a procedure would be particularly useful in determining soil conditions and treatments which will produce tobacco with desirable chemical properties.
A MOISTURE STRESS INDEX FOR WHEAT BY MEANS OF A MODULATED SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET
Authors: Mack A. R. , Ferguson W. S.
Published: March 2010

Actual evapotranspiration (AE), soil moisture distribution, and moisture stress for a wheat crop (PE-AE) were estimated by the modulated soil moisture budget of Holmes and Robertson. The estimated soil moisture was reasonably well correlated with soil moisture measured weekly by means of gypsum blocks. Wheat yields from experimental plots in the corresponding area were related more closely to the moisture stress function (PE-AE: r = − 0.83), than to the seasonal precipitation (r = 0.62), the potential evapotranspiration (PE) or the evapotranspiration ratio (AE/PE). Regression analyses showed that the grain yields were reduced by an average of 156 (±sb = 40) kg/ha per cm of moisture stress from emergence to harvest, or by 311 and 69 kg/ha per cm of stress, from the fifth-leaf to the soft-dough stage and from the soft-dough stage to maturity, respectively. The moisture stress function may be used to characterize the soil–plant–atmosphere environment for the growing season of a crop. Precipitation and evapotranspiration data are presented annually for three standardized growing periods at Brandon from 1921 to 1963.
RECIPROCATING IRRIGATOR
Authors: Mason E. B. B. , Turley R. H.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ON DEVELOPMENT OF GLOEOSPORIUM ALBUM IN APPLE AND ON GROWTH OF THE FUNGUS IN CULTURE
Authors: Lockhart C. L. , Forsyth F. R. , Eaves C. A.
Published: March 2010

Raising ethylene concentration in 0% CO2 and 3% O2 reduced rot development by Gloeosporium album Osterw. in McIntosh apples. The reduction was comparable with that resulting from increase of CO2 concentration to 5% with either high or low ethylene concentration. The effects were similar at room temperature or at 3.3 °C. Ethylene significantly reduced the growth of G. album in vitro in presence of 5% CO2 at 3.3 °C, but not in the absence of CO2 or in either combination at room temperature.
DETERMINATION OF SELECTIVE ACTION OF FUNGICIDES ON THE MICROFLORA OF BARLEY SEED
Authors: Mills J. T. , Wallace H. A. H.
Published: March 2010

The effects of 47 seed treatment fungicides on the microflora of barley seed that was naturally infested 95–100% with Cochliobolus sativus and other fungi were investigated after 7 days on moist filter paper. Each fungicide had a characteristic and reproducible effect on these organisms. Fungicides containing mercury or maneb were highly effective against all organisms, whereas specific effects were associated with other fungicides. Least survival (best control) of C. sativus was obtained with Ceresan M, Pandrinox APX and Panogen PX among the mercurials, and Green Cross SWF 850 and SWF 860, Chemagro 4497 and Chipman 53-64 among the non-mercurials. The incidence of Acremoniella sp. detected was high on seed treated with Dexon, Cephalosporium sp. with Vitavax, Streptomyces spp. with Green Cross SWF 850, and Cladosporium spp. with Green Cross 3922. It is suggested that the data obtained by the filter paper method should be complementary to those obtained from treated seed after 7 days in soil.
RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO APPLIED NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM AND SULFUR WHEN GROWN ABOVE 57 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE
Authors: Anderson C. H. , Kusch A. G.
Published: March 2010

In a two-year study at three soil sites, 14 fertilizer treatments were applied to rapeseed grown on summerfallow. Phosphorus applied singly or in combination with N, with N and K, or with N, K and S significantly increased seed yields on a Rego Humic Gleysol soil of low pH status and on an Orthic Dark Gray Wooded soil of high available N content; there was no fertilizer response on a Rego Gleysol soil of variable texture and high available P content. While rapeseed did not respond to N alone, additional benefits did sometimes accrue from the addition of 11 kg/ha of N to P applications.
SEASONAL CHANGE OF PROTEIN AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FOUR TIMOTHY VARIETIES GROWN ON DIKELAND
Authors: Langille J. E. , Calder F. W.
Published: March 2010

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A FERTILIZER PLACEMENT SEEDER FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Hergert G. B. , Emmond G. S.
Published: March 2010

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A RAPID, NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING CHIPPING QUALITY OF POTATOES
Authors: Chubey B. B. , Walkof C.
Published: March 2010

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AN AGRONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE GENUS MELILOTUS MILL.
Authors: Stevenson George A.
Published: March 2010

Seed of eighteen species of sweetclover (Melilotus) from various sources in Europe and Asia has been grown at the Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba. Based on material grown, a key to the species has been developed that will be useful to agronomists. Each species is described and comments are made on its agronomic characteristics. Controversial taxa are discussed and their status is clarified.
VARIATION IN BREADMAKING QUALITY OF SYSTEMATIC CONTROLS IN A WHEAT BREEDING NURSERY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PLANT BREEDING PROCEDURES
Authors: Briggs K. G. , Bushuk W. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

In a spring wheat breeding nursery at the University of Manitoba in 1967, the wheat protein content of systematic control plots of Triticum aestivum cv. Manitou varied from 10.3% to 16.5% (at 13.5% moisture basis). The correlation between grain yield and protein content of these plots was 0.88 and significant at the 99% confidence level. Correlations calculated for control plots at specified distances apart indicate that for all breadmaking quality test characteristics except bushel weight and flour yield, contiguous plots are significantly more similar in quality than those further apart. The correlation between control plots 2.7 m (9 ft) apart is 0.84 (P = 0.05) for wheat protein percent and of similar order for those quality characteristics which are dependent on total protein. Areas of high and low quality "potential" can be identified in a wheat nursery by using quality data from controls at frequent intervals, and this information should be used by the breeder when assessing the single quality test of a breeding line from a given area of the nursery.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE STRESS, RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND OXYGEN DIFFUSION RATE ON SEED SET AND YIELD OF WHEAT
Authors: Campbell C. A. , McBean D. S. , Green D. G.
Published: March 2010

The influence of oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and relative humidity (RH) on seed set and yield of wheat was investigated in two growth chamber studies. In one study, plants grown at 80% RH were compared with those grown at 60%. In the other, plants grown in pots without supplemental aeration were compared with plants grown in aerated pots.Wheat grown at low soil moisture stress (between 25 and 16%) produced significantly poorer seed set and grain yield than those grown at higher stress (between 25 and 10%). Seed set was less severely reduced in Manitou than in Chinook. Plants grown at low moisture stress and 60% RH gave better seed set than those grown at 80%. However, even at 60% RH, seed set was less than 65%.The oxygen diffusion rates in unaerated pots were 28 × 10−8, 100 × 10−8 and 200 × 10−8 g cm−2min−1 at 25%, 16% and 10% soil moisture (by weight). In aerated pots, ODR at 25% and 16% soil moisture were 82 × 10−8 and 180 × 10−8 g cm−2min−1, respectively.Seed set and grain yields of Chinook wheat grown at low moisture stress were increased from 54 to 82% and from 11.5 to 26.7 g/pot by improving the soil aeration.The anthers, especially the pollen, were the main reproductive components damaged by poor aeration. This was demonstrated by morphological examination and by hand-pollination experiments. Poor seed set was confined primarily to the top two-thirds of the head.
MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES
Authors: Ward Gordon M. , Miller Marcia J.
Published: March 2010

In a sand culture experiment with greenhouse tomatoes, tissue analysis of plant samples showing a wide range of magnesium deficiency symptoms indicated that a tissue level of 0.30% Mg was associated with incipient deficiency and the beginning of symptom expression, while a level of 0.15% or less was associated with severe deficiency symptoms. These are definite values and it is suggested that they may be applicable to many crop plants, provided adequate sampling and accurate analyses are carried out.
CONTROL OF WINTER ANNUAL FORMS OF STINKWEED AND FLIXWEED
Authors: Anderson C. H.
Published: March 2010

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VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN THE UPTAKES OF STRONTIUM-85 AND CALCIUM-45 BY WHEAT
Authors: Lee C. C. , Sosulski F. W.
Published: March 2010

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SORBITOL OCCURRENCE IN MALUS LEAVES AND FRUITS
Authors: Taper C. D. , Liu Phyllis S.
Published: March 2010

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WIND POLLINATION OF MALE STERILE WHEAT
Authors: Zuzens D. , Grant M. N. , McBean D. S. , Shebeski L. H. , Hurd E. A.
Published: March 2010

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PLANT GROWTH CABINET WITH HOT GAS BYPASS TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Authors: Scott K. R.
Published: March 2010

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STEM LENGTHS AND BLOOM WEIGHTS OF GREENHOUSE POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS TREATED WITH COMBINATIONS OF GROWTH RETARDANT AND SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
Authors: Tonks N. V.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF THE D GENOME ON MILLING AND BAKING PROPERTIES OF WHEAT
Authors: Kerber E. R. , Tipples K. H.
Published: March 2010

The common hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. ssp. vulgare MacKey cv. Canthatch (2n = 42 = AABBDD), the tetraploid component (2n = 28 = AABB) extracted from it, Triticum durum Desf., cv. Stewart 63 (2n = 28 = AABB) and five synthetic hexaploids (2n = 42 = AABBDD) produced by combining the extracted tetraploid with Aegilops squarrosa (2n = 14 = DD) were tested for several milling and baking properties. Compared with Canthatch, a bread wheat of high quality, the extracted tetraploid had extremely poor baking characteristics; it was very similar to Stewart 63. The baking performance of the synthetic hexaploids was much superior to that of the extracted tetraploid but considerably inferior to that of Canthatch. The results substantiated the supposition that the D genome derived from Ae. squarrosa has contributed the desirable milling and baking properties which distinguish hexaploid bread wheats from those of the tetraploid group.
EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF SNAP BEANS
Authors: Maurer A. R. , Scott Norma J. , Ormrod D. P.
Published: March 2010

Bean plants were grown in weighing lysimeters to determine their response to five soil water regimes. Plants growing under conditions in which irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 88% of available were taller and heavier and produced more pods than plants irrigated when soil water fell to 60%. Plants irrigated when soil water reached 32% of available were small and had a low yield. Plants provided with ample water before blossom and then subjected to high soil water stress (SWS) had low yields. Plants grown under high SWS conditions before blossom recovered if ample water was provided after blossom, but did not yield as well as plants provided with ample water throughout the growing period.Dry matter content of bean pods was highest in the treatments receiving high SWS during the post-blossom period. SWS also affected crude protein, crude fat, physical and crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract, but the relationship to treatments depended on whether the composition of the beans was expressed on a fresh or dry weight basis.
SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND COLD HARDINESS OF TWO WOODY SPECIES
Authors: Craker L. E. , Gusta L. V. , Weiser C. J.
Published: March 2010

A simplified, highly reproducible procedure is outlined for the extraction and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of acidic soluble proteins from apple bark and arborvitae foliage. The procedure includes low temperature maceration, short extraction time, and an extraction solution which contains polyol and phenolic complexers, a reducing agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. Electrophoretic patterns, total nitrogen, moisture content, minimum survival temperatures, and environmental and morphological changes were examined during the natural dehardening of apple and the controlled hardening of arborvitae. Qualitative protein changes, as evidenced by the appearance and disappearance of specific bands, occurred at times when changes in hardiness were taking place.
EFFECT OF DATES OF CUTTING ON DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Gasser H. , Lachance L. , Gervais P.
Published: March 2010

In two experiments, one with alfalfa and the other with birdsfoot trefoil, we have been able to show that a late cut in October does not adversely affect dry matter yield (DAI) of the legumes. Three cuts during a harvesting season ending on September 5 were detrimental to alfalfa, since lower yields were obtained the following year of harvest. Birdsfoot trefoil varieties were affected differentially. Three cuts did not affect the yield of Viking the following year, but did so of Empire. Significant differences in dry matter yields were obtained between DuPuits and Vernal and between Viking and Empire. Protein in the forage followed inversely the same pattern as that of DM yields, that is, where the intervals were shortest, the protein content was highest, and conversely. The total available carbohydrate and the nitrogen content of the roots were lowest following the treatments which had the shortest intervals between them.
EVALUATION OF PINEGRASS AS RANGE FORAGE
Authors: McLean Alastair , Freyman S. , Miltimore J. E. , Bowden D. M.
Published: March 2010

Seasonal changes in the quality of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) on native forest range in southern British Columbia included declines in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and increases in content of lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and ash. The decline in average daily gains of beef heifers was more rapid than changes in quality of the pinegrass over the grazing period from June to October.Pinegrass contained adequate nutrients for the rapid growth of yearlings or for maintaining weanling calves until August 1, whereupon protein and phosphorus supplementation were required. Nutrient requirements of pregnant cows and replacement heifers were adequately met until September 1.Copper and zinc were inadequate throughout the season. Calcium, iron, and manganese contents, however, were satisfactory. Silica was high and must be considered a potential problem in pinegrass utilization.Digestible dry matter gave a high positive correlation with crude protein and phosphorus and a high negative correlation with lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and total ash.Crude fiber, crude fat, and total soluble carbohydrate contents of pinegrass did not closely follow changes in either animal gains or in vitro digestible dry matter.Crude protein, phosphorus, and acid-detergent fiber appear to give a good indication of animal yields on pinegrass and could be used to evaluate pinegrass quality where animal data are not available.
COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR SELF POLLINATION IN RED RASPBERRY BREEDING PROGRAMS
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A.
Published: March 2010

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INCREASED POLLEN ABORTION CAUSED BY VIRUSES IN FOUR RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Daubeny Hugh A. , Stage-Smith R.
Published: March 2010

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