bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copyright law and text and data mining
Authors: Ivanović Svjetlana
Published: June 2022

Digital environment poses new challenges to the traditional concept of copyright protection. Digital copies of works, new forms of exploitation of copyrighted goods, the impossibility of adequate enforcement of intellectual property rights on the Internet and, in this regard, the reexamination of the role of intermediaries, are just some of the issues that have occupied the scientific and professional public. New circumstances necessarily impose changes in the copyright protection regime, including the introduction of new rights but also new exceptions and limitations on copyright. The EU Directive (2019/790) on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market introduced exceptions on text and data mining. Given the huge amount of data in the digital environment, the analytical technique is commonly used for text research, data collection and processing. This technique is aimed at finding correlations and patterns, and extracting information from large amounts of data by using automated methods. Text and data mining may be performed in a variety of fields and for different purposes: scientific research, research in journalism, medicine, business, or for market research purposes. Such text and data may be protected by copyright, which gives rise to the question of possible copyright infringement. The new Directive introduced two mandatory exceptions on copyright and related rights for the purpose of text and data mining, one of which is explicitly provided for scientific research purposes. These exceptions are important for the freedom of scientific research in the digital environment but also for some issues related to the development of Artificial Intelligence.
Procesos creativos y lugares de experiencia: relato de un ejercicio de diseño en el parque Chamizal de Ciudad Juárez, México
Authors: García Rodríguez Armando Josué , Ariza Ampudia Silvia Verónica
Published: June 2022

El texto presenta una reflexión sobre las experiencias de aprendizaje que adquieren los estudiantes de diseño cuando relacionan su práctica académica con el contexto urbano a través de un ejercicio de creación realizado en el Parque Chamizal de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, que complementa el trabajo que se desarrolla dentro del aula. La participación de estudiantes de Licenciatura en Arquitectura y Maestría en Estudios y Procesos Creativos en Arte y Diseño dentro de un proceso multidisciplinar promovió la concreción de habilidades sociales de trabajo en equipo y diálogo. Esto les permitió tomar conciencia de su realidad y configurar nuevos lugares de experiencia, es decir, espacios llenos de significados a nivel geográfico, social e histórico con diversas posibilidades de transformación.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Emerging Systemic Therapy Options
Authors: Tempero Margaret A.
Published: June 2022

Although we are “winning the war against cancer,” pancreatic malignancies are expected to be the most common cause of cancer-related death by 2040. Several systemic therapies, such as oxaliplatin + irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel, have shown activity in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. The current NCCN Guidelines reflect the most up-to-date, evidence-based data relating to the evaluation and management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. They were recently updated to recommend germline testing for any patient with pancreatic cancer and molecular analysis of any metastatic pancreatic tumor.
Updates in Screening Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ness Reid M.
Published: June 2022

In the past 2 years, several significant changes have been made to the NCCN Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening. The age for initiation of screening average-risk adults has been lowered from age 50 to 45 years—without differentiation by age and race—and from age50 to 45 years for those with second- and third-degree relatives with CRC. For several groups, surveillance intervals have been changed. Patients with 1 or 2 low-risk adenomas at index colonoscopy, on the other hand, can now wait 10 years rather than 5 to 7 years between surveillance examinations. The first surveillance examination following resection of large adenomas or sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) with unfavorable-risk characteristics or that were removed piecemeal should now occur at 6 months. For patients with ≥10 adenomas and SSPs on a single colonoscopy, time to first surveillance was lowered to 1 year.
Optimizing Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Authors: Mato Anthony
Published: June 2022

Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) over the past few decades, starting with the development of glucocorticoids and alkylating agents, moving to combination chemotherapy, and then to chemoimmunotherapy. More recently, the advent of targeted agents has led to significant improvements in overall survival, progression-free survival, and quality of life. Most patients with R/R CLL and SLL are now treated with 1 of 5 approved targeted therapies rather than chemoimmunotherapy as standard of care. There are 2 main chemotherapy-free approaches in the R/R setting: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition and venetoclax-based therapy. Treatment after disease progression on first-line therapy depends on the initial choice of therapy, reason for discontinuation of prior lines of therapy, and available options.
Principles of Management of Patients With Ampullary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Behrman Stephen W.
Published: June 2022

Ampullary adenocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm that most often requires pancreatoduodenectomy, has a less than optimal cure rate, and is a cancer for which the impact of multidisciplinary care remains unclear. Although often believed to have a better prognosis than pancreatic cancer, ampullary cancer remains a highly lethal disease. Given its rarity and the typical lack of surrounding vessel invasion, a surgery-first approach has most commonly been used in treatment sequencing. The literature has yielded conflicting results regarding the use of adjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy has received little attention but offers promise with regard to pathologic downstaging, particularly when chemotherapy is combined with radiation. Genetic evaluation may help guide future therapies, and multi-institutional trials are needed to develop optimal treatment sequencing and directed at the 2 specific histologic subtypes.
Treatment De-Intensification for Patients With HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Gillison Maura L.
Published: June 2022

Cisplatin and 70 Gy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy remain the standard of care (SoC) in HPV-positive head and neck cancer, with no data to support de-escalation as a new SoC. Cetuximab compromises locoregional tumor control and overall survival without reduced toxicity, although with different toxicity. Eliminating cisplatin and reducing radiation by 10 Gy compromise progression-free survival but not overall survival, and replacement of SoC adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with low-dose radiotherapy plus docetaxel compromises progression-free survival for patients with extracapsular extension and/or multiple cervical metastases, without significantly reducing grade 3 toxicities. The current trend toward numerous, single-institution phase II trials should be minimized, because they can be difficult to interpret. Instead, to move the field forward with more definitive outcomes, focus should be placed on taking promising concepts to multicenter, randomized phase II/III studies with clear statistical endpoints.
Liver-Directed and Systemic Therapy Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Matsuoka Lea K. , Brown Daniel B.
Published: June 2022

Liver transplant and resection are preferable for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, but ultimately, tumor location, biology, and patient condition dictate treatment decisions. At the NCCN 2022 Annual Conference, a panel of experts used 3 case studies to develop an evidence-based approach to the treatment of similar patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Moderated by Daniel B. Brown, MD, FSIR, the session focused on current research regarding liver-directed and systemic therapy options.
The Future of Telemedicine in Oncology
Authors: Langer Lucy R. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Zon Robin , Osterman Travis
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a massive surge in the use of telemedicine services in oncology. However, although telemedicine usage is not as high as it was early in the pandemic, it is not as low as it was before the pandemic, either, indicating that patients have a desire to receive care when, where, and how they want. Most oncology providers agree that telemedicine is beneficial and here to stay, but barriers hinder equitable delivery, such as racial/ethnic affiliations, older age, residing in a rural area, and lower socioeconomic status. The momentum created by the pandemic can serve to show the benefits of telemedicine and solidify its place in oncology care. However, addressing these disparities—and increasing widespread access to broadband and educating both patients and providers on how to use these technologies—is paramount.
Management of Patients With Resectable and Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yanagawa Jane , Riely Gregory J.
Published: June 2022

For patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as those with metastatic disease, there have been significant recent advances in therapies. In patients with resectable disease, new evidence supports use of neoadjuvant nivolumab + chemotherapy for eligible patients with resectable stage II–IIIA NSCLC. Separate data lead to the recommendation for adjuvant atezolizumab (after adjuvant chemotherapy) for eligible patients with completely resected stage II–IIIA NSCLC and PD-L1 expression ≥1%. Adjuvant osimertinib (± adjuvant chemotherapy) is an alternative for eligible patients with completely resected stage IB–IIIA NSCLC and EGFR mutations (exon 19 del or L858R). For patients with metastatic NSCLC, molecular testing is recommended for EGFR and BRAF mutations; MET exon skipping 14 alterations; ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1/2/3 gene arrangements; and KRAS G12C mutations. First-line targeted therapies are available for many of these targets and, in the second-line setting, there are new targeted agents for KRAS G12C mutations and EGFR exon 20 insertions.
Plenary Session—The Patient Journey: Cancer Survivor Care
Authors: Ansbaugh Shannon M. , Deng Gary , Handzo Rev. George F. , Syrjala Karen L. , Bauman Jessica R.
Published: June 2022

Quality survivorship care is critical for individuals dealing with the physical, mental, and emotional impacts of cancer and its treatment. Patients may not grasp the full traumatic impact of a cancer diagnosis until years later, but the mental health impacts of cancer can be significant. At the NCCN 2022 Annual Conference, a diverse panel discussed the cancer journey through the eyes of survivorship care, with voices representing both the patient and provider perspectives. Featured during the discussion were updates to the NCCN Distress Thermometer Problem List (to represent current psycho‐oncology best practices more accurately), NCCN recommendations for mental health screening, and the benefit of integrative medicine both to relieve symptoms and improve overall wellness. Empowering patients to become active participants in their own treatment and strong survivors afterward was the overriding theme throughout the panel discussion.
Illustrious visitors to the world nature heritage: seabird strandings in the Ilha Grande bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Authors: Cutrim Caio Henrique Gonçalves , Munhoz Igor Luiz Araújo , Bacci Leandro , Jesus Filho Paulo Roberto , Araújo Vinícius Albano
Published: June 2022

Seabirds use the extensive Brazilian coast as a migratory corridor where they explore resources for food and reproduction. The south coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro has hundreds of islands that are habitats for several species of seabirds. In this study, we analyze the abundance, richness and seasonality of birds stranded in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an important natural and cultural heritage of humanity. The stranding record data were obtained during 5 years of beach monitoring (2016-2021), a total of 18.7 km of coastline and over 220 km (including islands and beaches outside regular monitoring). Most of the birds were found alive and sent for rehabilitation. A total of 268 seabird strandings were recorded, belonging to five orders, eight families and 19 species. Most strandings occurred in winter, with the most frequent species being Spheniscus magellanicus, Fregata magnificens and Sula leucogaster. Most species are seasonally without stranding pattern, with only six species being added throughout the annual cycle. Ilha Grande Bay is an important tourist pole in Brazil and knowledge of the diversity and dynamics of seabirds in the region can contribute to species management and conservation plans, in addition to potentialize the implementation of environmental tourism objectives and sustainable exploration of natural resources.
La conciencia cotidiana del tiempo
Authors: Soto Andrés Mauricio , Rammstedt Otthein
Published: June 2022

Traducción de la obra original Alltagsbewußtsein von Zeit de Rammstedt Otthein (1975), publicada en Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie vol. 27(1), pp. 47-63. Traducida por Andrés Soto y revisada por Lionel Lewkow.
General Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Argentina According to Body Mass Index. (ARGEN-IAM-ST Registry)
Authors: Frontera Esteban , Pulmari Camilo , Castillo Costa Yanina , D´Imperio Heraldo , Charask Adrián , Plogger Claudio , Zoni Rodrigo , Quiroga Walter , Gagliardi Juan
Published: June 2022

Background: Body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obesity ranges is an increasingly frequent cardiovascular risk factor. Its prognostic value is debatable in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives: The aim of this study is to acknowledge the clinical characteristics, reperfusion strategies outcome of the cases included in the ARGEN-IAM ST according to BMI. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of the cases included in the registry. Patients with incomplete anthropometric data were excluded. Three groups were defined: healthy BMI: < 25 kg/m2 (G1), overweight: BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 (G2) and obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (G3). Results: 2925 cases were included. Patients in G3 were younger (G1: 63 ± 12, G2: 61 ± 11, G3: 60 ± 11 years, p = 0.0001), and had higher incidence of diabetes (G1: 11%, G2: 22%, G3: 28%; p = 0.0001) and dyslipidemia (G1: 35%, G2: 40%, G3: 43%; p = 0.01). There were no differences in door-to-balloon time (median 104 minutes in G1, 110 in G2 and 110 in G3, p = 0.27), two-vessel disease or greater (G1 38%, G2 34.5% and G3 37%; p = 0.26) and in-hospital mortality (G1 9.7%, G2 7.5% and G3 8.4%; p = 0.22). In multivariate analysis Killip class other than A (OR: 20.1; 95% CI 13.1-30.8; p < 0.0001), age (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.5; p < 0.0001) and two-vessel disease or greater (OR: 1.5; 95% CI 1.03-2.1; p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Overweight and obese patients were younger, with higher incidence of diabetes and dyslipidemia. There were no significant differences in the type of presentation, treatment and complications. In multivariate analysis, overweight and obesity were not predictors of mortality
Comparison between Direct Laryngoscopy with and without Aerosol Box for Intubation in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia during COVID-19 PandemicA Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Patel Krupa P , Jain Ashish P , Mehta Vaidehi J , Parikh Hetal A , Patel Chinar N
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The airway management of patients with COVID19 is a high risk task for anaesthesiologists. Several innovations have been born as a result of this problem, including aerosol boxes and clear plastic sheets. Aim: To compare the timing and attempt of direct laryngoscopy with and without aerosol box for intubation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised controlled study was conducted in Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujrat, India from April 2021 to September 2021. A total of 50 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups as group A was intubated with an aerosol box and a macintosh laryngoscope, while group B was intubated with a clear plastic sheet and macintosh laryngoscope. With proper airway precautions and Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) comparative assessment of patients undergoing surgery in general anaesthesia was done. Time to intubate, number of attempts, ease of Endotracheal Tube (ETT) tube insertion, quality of Laryngoscopy view and Cormack Lehane scores were assessed in both the groups. Results: The mean time for intubation was high at 29.72 seconds in group A, while it was 23.16 seconds in group B; the difference was significant. Overall, 20 out of 25 (80%) patients could be intubated in 1st attempt in group B as compared to 15 out of 25 (60%) in group A. Airway visualisation using Percentage of Glottic Opening (POGO) scoring and Cormack Lehane staging were suggestive of better visualisation in group B than group A. Difficulties encountered during intubation like laryngoscopy, glottic visualisation, arm movement restriction, ETT negotiation, and stylet removal were lesser in group A as compared to group B. The incidence of complications like sore throat and airway bleeding were lower in group B as compared to group A. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 era, aerosol box and clear plastic sheets are effective barrier measures for airway management to prevent the anaesthesiologists from the aerosol transmission. But airway management with clear plastic sheet is technically easier than aerosol box.
Instructional Management of School Principals in Implementing New Normal Learning Modality Related to Teachers Competence and school Achievement Goals: Locus of Quality Education amidst COVID-19
Authors: Ornopia Victoria B. , Franca Glenford C. , Bauyot Marleonie M.
Published: June 2022

The researcher who have examined education leadership agree that effective principals are responsible for establishing a school wide vision of commitment to high standards and the success of all pupils, also the study highlighted that the school principal has the final decision to include the teachers in the decision-making considering teacher competence and the school achievement goals. The results of the study disclosed the optimal factors of instructional management of school principal in implementing new normal learning modality related to teacher’s competence and school achievement goals were considered the indicators such as: instructional leadership skills framing the school goals, supervising & evaluating instruction, coordinating the curriculum, monitoring students’ academic performance, protecting instructional time,  and providing incentives for teachers and for learning, for the extent of teacher’s competence in terms of performance of teachers,  instructional competence, instructional design, assessment strategy, and job commitment while for the extent of school achievement goals in terms of teacher participation standard, personnel satisfaction standards,  succession planning, and new normal modalities implementation. However, this study is relative to society’s current situation because teacher competence and school achievement goals in academe more demanding and important to look forwards now a day also provides teachers and all school stakeholders’ opportunities to practice and further develop what they have learned in school. Furthermore, this study will give an idea to the higher positions to understand the situation of the determining instructional management of school principals in implementing new normal learning modality related to teachers competence and school achievement goals, considered other factors of academic involvement conveys to all school stakeholders that teacher are interested and invested in their development for school achievement goal. This will guide the school administrators in evaluating what improvement can be introduced to enhance the present managerial practices teachers’ competence. And school achievement goals amidst new normal learning modalities; provide school principals with reliable bases for improving their supervisory services especially in the prevalent change modes of the teaching-learning process and the learning environment. Also will help to implement relevant policies and sharpen the system and activity plan of the private-school will make them aware and which will encourage them to exert extra effort and devote quality time in improving self-competency to provide them with opportunities to acquire the knowledge, values,   attitudes, commitment, and skills needed that would be used for any modalities amidst any pandemic.
Effect of Crop Geometry and Age of Seedlings on Its Growth, Flower Yield and Quality of Statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions
Authors: Kumar Myakala Rajesh , Topno Samir Ebson , Kerketta Anita
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study is to find out the most suitable treatments for plant growth and flower yield and quality of Limonium (Limonium sinuatum L.) under prayagraj agro climatic conditions. The study was carried out at Experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India during Rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 8 treatments which is replicated thrice. The first factor consists of four different levels age of seedlings i,e. 25,30,35,40 days old seedlings, second factor with two different spacings 45×60 cm and 30×45 cm. In Growth parameters, T7 (40 days seedlings + spacing of 45×60 cm) recorded significantly highest number of leaves (80.49), leaf length (32.20 cm), plant spread (45.65 cm2) Whereas, plant height was recorded significantly highest (84.80 cm) in T6 (35 days seedlings + spacing of 30×45 cm). In photosynthetic characteristics, the maximum leaf area (66.09 cm2), leaf weight (24.94 gm) and chlorophyll content (97.90 SPAD UNITS) was recorded in T7 (40 days seedlings + spacing 45×60 cm). In flowering parameters, the minimum number of days for flower stalk initiation (47.28 days) and flower duration (45.72 days) was recorded significantly in T7 (40 days seedlings + spacing of 45×60 cm) whereas, the length of flower stalk was recorded significantly highest (80.07) in T6 (35 days seedlings + spacing of 30×45 cm).The maximum yield with superior quality of flower stalks/plot was obtained significantly highest (80.22) in T6 (35 days seedlings + spacing of 30×45 cm). In post-harvest parameters the vase life of statice flower placed in water recorded maximum (8.69 days) in  T6  (35 days seedlings + spacing 30x45 cm), whereas vase life of statice flower placed in 2% sucrose (14.35 days) and self-life (63.33 days) of flower was recorded maximum in T7 (40 days seedlings + spacing of 45x60 cm).
Hysteroscopy versus Three-dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasonography for the Detection of Endometrial Cavity Abnormalities
Authors: Sakr Yasmin Gamal , Elnamoury Mohamed Mohsen , Borg Hesham Mohamed , Aglan Diaa Mounir
Published: June 2022

Background: Three-dimensional sonographic technology has gained increased acceptance in clinical practice. This technique involves the gathering of a large amount of data and the quick reconstruction of pictures in the coronal, sagittal and transverse planes. The purpose of this work was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the three-dimensional trans vaginal ultra-sonographic (3-DTVUS) and hysteroscopy in the detection of cavitary lesions in the uterus.

Methods: This study was comparative cross-sectional and included 60 patients who had 2D ultrasonography or hysterosalpingography for suspected intrauterine abnormalities. Each patient underwent a thorough history taking, clinical assessment, investigations, imaging [2D transvaginal ultrasound and 3D vaginal ultrasound] and hysteroscopy.

Results: 3DTVUS had a (95%) sensitivity in detecting uterine abnormalities compared to hysteroscopic examination. Also, the specificity was (88%) which indicates that only (12%) of the truly negative cases will be missed. The positive predictive values (PPV) of 3D TVUS were (99%) with an accuracy of (94%). The lowest parameter calculated was the negative predictive value (NPV) (58%). 3DTVUS had a specificity and PPV of 100% regarding the detection of all of the mentioned uterine abnormalities. Furthermore, the sensitivity was 100% for all abnormalities except the polyps and adhesions which were 91% and 67% respectively. The NPV was 100% for all abnormalities except for the polys and intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) which recorded 97%. Finally, the accuracy of 3DTVUS in comparison to hysteroscopy was 100% for all intrauterine abnormalities except the polyps and IUAS which were 98% and 97% respectively.

Conclusions: 3DTVUS can be utilized in diagnosing focal lesions of the uterus with comparable outcomes to hysteroscopy.
Modelling the Adsorption of Lead (II) Ion from Aqueous Phase with Carica papaya Trunk Activated Carbon
Authors: Udeh N. U. , Amah V. E.
Published: June 2022

The study modelled the adsorption of lead (II) ion from aqueous phase using chemically activated carica papaya trunk activated carbon (CPTAC). Equilibrium and kinetics adsorption studies were conducted to investigate the adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherm and rate of adsorption respectively. The linear correlation of equilibrium data with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hills isotherms using regression analysis showed that the adsorption of Pb fitted best into Freundlich model with R2 values of 0.874 and Kf values of 2.64 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics/rate of adsorption could be described by Pseudo second order equation with R2 value of 1.0 and 0.998 for the two adsorbate concentrations tested, indicating a chemisorption process onto heterogeneous surfaces forming multilayer on the surface of CPTAC. Modelling the equilibrium concentration adsorption of Pb onto CPTAC using XLSTAT 2014 gave a model equation as = 0.35230 + 0.13394 * Co – 0.05206 * CT – 0.32744 * pH + 0.01794 * Co2 + 0.05794 * CT2 + 0.20878 * pH2 – 0.10567 * CT – 0.13442 * Co * pH + 0.15392 * CT * pH, with R2 value of 0.75. Modelling the amount of Pb adsorbed gave a model equation as = 27.14770 + 22.36606 * Co + 0.05206 * CT + 0.32744 * pH – 0.01794 * Co2 – 0.05794 * CT2 – 0.20878 * pH2 + 0.10567 * Co * CT + 0.13442 * Co * pH – 0.15392 * CT * pH, with R2 value of 1.00.
Doses of Acidity Corrective in Some Chemical Attributes to Build the Fertility of Concretional Soils
Authors: Silva Paulo Sergio Santos , Silva Heloisa Donizete da , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da , Freitas Gilson Araújo de , Lima Saulo de Oliveira , Neto Sabino Pereira da Silva , Ribeiro Evandro Alves , Andrade Victa Nobre de , Martins Fernando Henrique Ferreira , Nunes Bruno Henrique di Napoli
Published: June 2022

With the increase in agriculture in the state of Tocantins, especially with soybean cultivation, areas with concrete have been increasingly applied to high doses of limestone, although they do not know the dynamics of the reaction of these correctives in the soil conditions of Tocantins. For the study, soil with different soil/gravel ratio and 01:02, 01:05 and 1:10 proportions of fine ground/gravel were used. The incubation assay was installed under a greenhouse in a completely randomized experimental project. The 15 treatments were obtained in a 3x5 factorial scheme, combining three fine ground/gravel (01:02, 01:05 and 01:10) and five limestones (0; 1.0; 2.0; 4, 0 and 6.0 t ha−1). The soils were prepared as TFSA and sent to the soil laboratory for analysis of Ca + Mg, Ca, Al, potential acidity (H + Al) and pH. Al levels and potential acidity (H + Al) were reduced and Ca and Ca + Mg contents were significantly increased with the increase of the limestone dose in gravel ratios. The pH of the 1:5 ratio decreased until reaching its lowest value at the dose of 3.31 t ha−1, increasing the dose rate greater than 3.31 t ha−1. The pHs of ratio 1:2 and 1:10 increased as the limestone dose increased. Ca, Ca + Mg levels and pH value are already at adequate levels in 0t ha-1dose of limestone, and it is not necessary to recommend correctives for gravel relations.
The effect of accuracy instructions on Coronavirus‐related belief change following conversational interactions
Authors: Vlasceanu Madalina , Coman Alin
Published: June 2022

In a high‐risk environment, such as during an epidemic, people are exposed to a large amount of information, both accurate and inaccurate. Following exposure, they typically discuss the information with each other. Here, we assess the effects of such conversations on beliefs. A sample of 126 M‐Turk participants rated the accuracy of a set of COVID‐19 statements, including accurate information, inaccurate information, and conspiracy theories (pre‐test). They were then paired and asked to discuss these statements (low epistemic condition) or to discuss only the statements they thought were accurate (high epistemic condition). Finally, they rated the accuracy of the initial statements again (post‐test). We do not find an effect of the epistemic condition on belief change. However, we find that individuals are sensitive to their conversational partners and change their beliefs according to their partners' conveyed beliefs. In exploratory analyses, we report predictors of believing COVID‐19 conspiracies.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Surgical Weight‐Loss Interventions for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis and Class III Obesity
Authors: Kostic Aleksandra M. , Leifer Valia P. , Gong Yusi , Robinson Malcolm K. , Collins Jamie E. , Neogi Tuhina , Messier Stephen P. , Hunter David J. , Selzer Faith , Suter Lisa G. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Losina Elena
Published: June 2022

Objective

Class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) is associated with worse knee pain and total knee replacement (TKR) outcomes. Because bariatric surgery yields sustainable weight loss for individuals with BMI ≥40 kg/m2, our objective was to establish the value of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in conjunction with usual care for knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2.

Methods

We used the Osteoarthritis Policy model to assess long‐term clinical benefits, costs, and cost‐effectiveness of RYGB and LSG. We derived model inputs for efficacy, costs, and complications associated with these treatments from published data. Primary outcomes included quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs), all discounted at 3%/year. This analysis was conducted from a health care sector perspective. We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate uncertainty in input parameters.

Results

The usual care + RYGB strategy increased the quality‐adjusted life expectancy by 1.35 years and lifetime costs by $7,209, compared to usual care alone (ICER = $5,300/QALY). The usual care + LSG strategy yielded less benefit than usual care + RYGB and was dominated. Relative to usual care alone, both usual care + RYGB and usual care + LSG reduced opioid use from 13% to 4%, and increased TKR usage from 30% to 50% and 41%, respectively. For cohorts with BMI between 38 and 41 kg/m2, usual care + LSG dominated usual care + RYGB. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000/QALY, usual care + RYGB and usual care + LSG were cost‐effective in 70% and 30% of iterations, respectively.

Conclusion

RYGB offers good value among knee OA patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2, while LSG may provide good value among those with BMI between 35 and 41 kg/m2.
How to gain support for SSPs: Study from Kentucky
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

Interviews with staffers of Kentucky‐based syringe service programs (SSPs) have found that as time has gone on, opposition by law enforcement and other community members has gone way down. These programs, largely by virtue of staffers going out into the community championing the value of SSPs, have become sustainable, according to a study published last month in Drug and Alcohol Review by Emory University researchers.
A Sensor Array for the Ultrasensitive Discrimination of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Seawater
Authors: Ihde Michael H. , Tropp Joshua , Diaz Miguel , Shiller Alan M. , Azoulay Jason D. , Bonizzoni Marco
Published: June 2022

Metal cations are potent environmental pollutants that negatively impact human health and the environment. Despite advancements in sensor design, the simultaneous detection and discrimination of multiple heavy metals at sub‐nanomolar concentrations in complex analytical matrices remain a major technological challenge. Here, the design, synthesis, and analytical performance of three highly emissive conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) functionalized with strong iminodiacetate and iminodipropionate metal chelates that operate in challenging environmental samples such as seawater are demonstrated. When coupled with array‐based sensing methods, these polymeric sensors discriminate among nine divalent metal cations (CuII, CoII, NiII, MnII, FeII, ZnII, CdII, HgII, and PbII). The unusually high and robust luminescence of these CPEs enables unprecedented sensitivity at picomolar concentrations in water. Unlike previous array‐based sensors for heavy metals using CPEs, the incorporation of distinct π‐spacer units within the polymer backbone affords more pronounced differences in each polymer's spectroscopic behavior upon interaction with each metal, ultimately producing better analytical information and improved differentiation. To demonstrate the environmental and biological utility, a simple two‐component sensing array is showcased that can differentiate nine metal cation species down to 500 × 10−12 m in aqueous media and to 100 × 10−9 m in seawater samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico.
Regioselective Photocatalytic Dialkylation/Cyclization Sequence of 3‐Aza‐1,5‐dienes: Access to 3,4‐Dialkylated 4‐Pyrrolin‐2‐ones
Authors: Hu Xiao , Tao Minglin , Ma Zhongxiao , Zhang Yi , Li Yanni , Liang Deqiang
Published: June 2022

A visible‐light‐induced regioselective tandem enamido β‐C(sp2)−H alkylation/acrylamido alkylation/cyclizative alkenylation sequence of 3‐aza‐1,5‐dienes is presented. This protocol is regiospecific, features a broad substrate scope, and provides a direct access to 3,4‐dialkylated 4‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones from readily available N‐alkenylacrylamides. It is readily scalable to a gram scale, and could be induced by natural sunlight.

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Photodeposition of NiS Cocatalysts on g‐C3N4 with Edge Grafting of 4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl) Benzoic Acid for Highly Elevated Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Liang Zizhan , Bai Junxian , Hao Lei , Shen Rongchen , Zhang Peng , Li Xin
Published: June 2022

g‐C3N4 (g‐CN) with edge grafting of 4‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl) benzoic acid (IBA) and NiS cocatalysts is fabricated via a one‐pot chemical condensation of monomers with urea and subsequent photodeposition. The successful copolymerization of the IBA in g‐CN (g‐CN/IBA) is easily identified by 13C NMR spectra, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, and UV–vis absorption spectra. As a result, the acquired copolymer composites exhibit greatly enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution, in comparison with the undoped g‐CN. The g‐CN‐IBA photocatalyst with the optimal loading amounts of NiS displays an outstanding hydrogen‐evolution rate of 2948.52 µmol g‐1 h‐1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The maximum apparent quantum efficiency of g‐CN/IBA‐3%NiS is 3.20% at 450 nm. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the synergism of edge grafting of 4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl) benzoic acid and loading of NiS cocatalysts, which not only shows a remarkable redshift of the optical‐absorption compared to g‐CN, effectively improving the absorption in the visible range, but also effectively avoids recombination and drives the favorable separation of photogenerated carriers in plane. This work provides a protocol for simultaneously increasing the active sites of light absorption and surface reactions of g‐CN‐based photocatalysts to maximize photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Supported Noble‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Wang Qilun , Zhang Jincheng , Ding Jie , Cheng Yaqi , Wang Tian , Li Jing , Hu Fangxin , Yang Hong Bin , Liu Bin
Published: June 2022

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that converts renewable electricity into storable hydrogen, a sustainable and clean energy carrier, provides a promising method to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. In general, noble‐metal‐based nanomaterials (including Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, etc.) have drawn tremendous research attention in the context of the HER because of their nearly optimal bindings to hydrogen, robust stability and tunable physical/chemical properties. Particularly, carbon as a substrate not only offers a stabilizing and conductive matrix, but also impacts the electronic structure of the supported metal by interfacial interaction, necessitating a detailed understanding. To speed up the sluggish kinetics of the HER, the design and construction of efficient electrocatalysts is of crucial importance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in carbon‐supported noble‐metal electrocatalysts is presented, focusing on their synthetic strategies, structural analyses, and applications in HER electrocatalysis. Specifically, the correlation between the electronic structure and activity is discussed. Furthermore, a perspective is offered highlighting the challenges and opportunities for development of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts, with the aim for widespread utilization of practical water electrolyzers toward green hydrogen production.
Diffusion‐Controlled Lithium Trapping in Graphite Composite Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Yu-Kai , Pettersson Jean , Nyholm Leif
Published: June 2022

Although graphite‐based composite electrodes currently are widely used as negative electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries due to their good cycle performances, improvements of their long‐time cycling stability are still desirable. Herein, a series of lithium‐metal half‐cell experiments is performed to demonstrate that the diffusion‐controlled lithium‐trapping effect constitutes an additional, and so far, largely unrecognized, aging mechanism for graphite‐based electrodes. This trapping effect, which stems from incomplete delithiation due to diffusion‐controlled redistribution of intercalated lithium in graphite, is shown to account for around 30% of the total accumulated capacity loss during long‐time cycling. The trapping effect is caused by the concentration gradients present at the end of the lithiation steps as these gradients result in lithium (i.e., coupled Li+ and e−) diffusion in the electrodes. As a result, a small fraction of the lithium becomes inaccessible on the timescale of the subsequent delithiation step. The results, however, also show that the inclusion of constant‐voltage delithiation steps can increase the delithiation efficiency and decrease the influence of the lithium‐trapping effect. This work consequently demonstrates that diffusion‐controlled lithium‐trapping effects need to be considered when trying to increase the lifetimes of graphite‐based electrodes.
Comparison of the soleus and plantaris muscles in humans and other primates: Macroscopic neuromuscular anatomy and evolutionary significance
Authors: Sakuraya Tohma , Sekiya Shin‐ichi , Emura Kenji , Sonomura Takahiro , Hirasaki Eishi , Arakawa Takamitsu
Published: June 2022

In humans, the soleus is more developed compared to other primates and has a unique architecture composed of anterior bipennate and posterior unipennate parts, which are innervated by different nerve branches. The anterior part of the human soleus was proposed to be important for bipedalism, however, the phylogenetic process resulting in its acquisition remains unclear. Providing insights into this process, the anterior part of the soleus was suggested to be closely related to the plantaris based on the branching pattern of their nerve fascicles. To reveal the phylogeny of the soleus and plantaris in primates, the innervation patterns of the posterior crural muscles were compared among a wide range of species. From their branching pattern, posterior crural muscles could be classified into superficial and deep muscle groups. The anterior part of the soleus and plantaris both belonged to the deep muscle group. In all the examined specimens of ring‐tailed lemurs and chimpanzees, as well as in one out of two specimens of siamang, the nerve branches corresponding to those innervating the anterior part of the human soleus were found. The muscular branches innervating the anterior part of the soleus and plantaris formed a common trunk or were connected in all the specimens. These results indicate that the anterior part of the soleus is closely related to the plantaris across different species of primates. In turn, this suggests that the anterior part of the soleus is maintained among primates, and especially in humans, where it develops as the characteristic bipennate structure.
Augmented reality for teaching anatomy
Authors: Zammit Christian , Calleja‐Agius Jean , Azzopardi Ernest
Published: June 2022

Successive waves of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic lockdowns resulted in significant reduction in face‐to‐face teaching, with an adverse effect especially on sectors requiring direct skill acquisition. Despite the fact that augmented reality (AR) presents an equitable, cost‐effective solution which reduces crowding in the confined spaces of the dissection theater, the benefits of AR‐supported undergraduate medical education have been poorly investigated. We conducted a validated survey to explore the value of AR in the dissection theater and assess its impact from the learner's perspective. Further to a validated pilot (n = 30), a larger scale study (n = 130) was conducted to assess the introduction of AR across three different learning domains: retaining anatomy detail, perception of spatial anatomical relations, and speed of learning. A response rate of 85.4% was reported. Our results suggest that the use of AR technology leads to a significant enhancement of spatial relations, faster detailed material assimilation and assistance in understanding of key concepts. In addition, most participants opt to recommend AR as a valuable tool in the learning process. In view of the proposed added value of AR technology in various teaching aspects, we recommend that AR should be introduced as a standard practice in both pre‐ and postgraduate medical curricula and suggest further research regarding the use of this technology.
Serial killing in schizophrenia
Authors: Hamdi Ghada , Ben Ammar Hanen , Mhedhbi Nawel , Brahmi Lina , Felhi Rania , Ridha Rym
Published: June 2022

Serial criminality, although rare, has always aroused the interest of researchers in criminology, psychiatry, psychology, and sociology. We report the case of a patient, suffering from a chronic psychotic disorder, having committed several murders over a period of 9 years, underpinned by a delirium of misidentification of Frigoli syndrome.
Glioblastoma 20 years after a nail gun trauma: A risk factor?
Authors: Finneran Megan M. , Young Michael , Joyce Larry , Nardone Emilio M.
Published: June 2022

A 48‐year‐old man presented with headaches and confusion. Imaging demonstrated a right frontal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), twenty years after a nail gun injury to the same region. GBM in the same location as a previous injury points toward possible causation from the trauma in the development of a high‐grade glioma.
Cervical epidural abscess due to implantation of a spinal cord stimulation lead
Authors: Bara Gregor A. , Thissen Jost
Published: June 2022

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for intractable pain syndromes has become a pillar of modern pain management. Common complications include lead migration, implant infection, cerebral spinal fluid leak, and lead fracture. Spinal epidural abscess due to spinal cord stimulator implantation is a very rare occurrence with only two cases reported in the literature so far. We present an illustrative case and discuss the pathophysiology and best clinical management for this very rate entity.
Left internal jugular vein thrombosis secondary to pacemaker insertion
Authors: Akhtar Aisha , Dhungana Santosh , Bhagat Nidhi , Bachuwa Ghassan
Published: June 2022

Venous thrombosis associated with pacemaker implant is a known phenomenon. We present a clinical video emphasizing on an important physical examination finding suggesting propagation of thrombus in internal jugular vein secondary to pacemaker insertion, which would be educational and help readers visualize the sign on physical examination.
Eyelid edema due to Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Oka Kosuke , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio
Published: June 2022

Cushing's syndrome (CS) shows diverse signs such as centripetal obesity, moon face, and buffalo hump, which can complicate the diagnosis. Facial features including eyelid edema, as an underrecognized sign, can be diagnostic clues for an excess of corticoids in a CS patient.
Molecular classification in endometrial cancer: Opportunities for precision oncology in a changing landscape
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Barroilhet Lisa M. , McAlpine Jessica N.
Published: June 2022

Lay summary

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) classification and risk stratification have undergone a global transformation in the last decade, shifting from a reliance on poorly reproducible histomorphological parameters such as grade and histotype, toward a molecular classification that is consistent and biologically informative.

Molecular classification enables reliable categorization of ECs, provides prognostic information, and is now beginning to drive clinical management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy.

Within this framework, we now have the ability to further refine both the prognostic and predictive value of molecular classification.

As we move toward the routine implementation of this classification system as a stratification tool for research, clinical trials, and patient care, it is imperative that access to these tests be equitable.

Furthermore, continued education will be critical for patients and providers to understand the value that this molecular information provides.