bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Prevalence and Etiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Among Women Attending Primary Health Centers in Sokoto Metropolis
Authors: A.B. Kasarawa , S.S. Mainasara , I.A. Salau
Published: July 2021

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tube, and ovaries as it progresses to scar leading to infertility and other reproductive problems. This research work was conducted to determine the etiology, antibiogram and prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease among women attending Public Health Centres in Sokoto metropolis. The main objective of the study is to isolate the pathogens and determine the antibiotics sensitivity pattern and prevalence age of the Disease among the patients diagnosed with PID. 155 PID patients that were sorted by age and month were diagnosed within the year 2020. Laboratory assay on the etiology and antibiogram were carried out. From the total (155) patients diagnosed with PID in this study, thirty-three (33) were within the age of 15-20, forty-one (41) were between the ages of 21-25 and fifty-five (55) were between the age ranges of 26-30. The least (26) were between ages of 36 and 40. The highest prevalence age (35.5%) in this study were observed to fall between the ages of 26-30 then followed by forty-one patients (26.5%) prevalence that were between the ages of 21-25. The least in occurrence were 26 patients (8.4%) that were between the age range of 36 and 40. Similarly, the results obtained from this study revealed that there were 77 (49.67%) recorded in the first quarter of the year 2020. This was then followed by 48 (30.97%) patients in the last quarter. The least occurrence of PID patients 30 (19.35%) were diagnosed in the second quarter of the same year. The pathogens consistently identified to be associated with the disease were Neisseria gonorrhea and ciprofloxacin was the most sensitive on antibiogram. The factors responsible were poor personal hygiene, environmental pollution and unsanitary conditions of the toilets. It is recommended that patients should regularly visit health facilities for routine diagnosis of PID and ciprofloxacin and Broad spectrum antibiotics were the most efficacious for use in this study in the treatment of Pelvic inflammatory Disease.
ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS AND ISSUE OF CREDIBILITY IN FACEBOOK ADVERTISING OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS
Authors: Alvi Muhammad Umer
Published: July 2021

One of the reasons affecting the perception of consumers and their attitude towards buying the product is the credibility of Facebook Advertisement and the Counterfeit Product. In this modern age where consumers are well aware of the products. They research thoroughly about the product before proceeding towards the last stage of the buying cycle. Social Media Platforms have made our lives easier. Everything we want to know is at our fingertips. However, research studies on SNS's and how they are perceived by their users are relatively limited especially how online factors influence users' perceptions and attitudes towards advertising of Counterfeit products on SNS's. This paper aims to examine the online factors that influence consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards advertising counterfeit products on Facebook. A total of 30 respondents participated in our research paper. The results suggest that there are five online factors that significantly influence consumers’ attitudes toward advertising on Facebook. The factors are Credibility, Entertainment, Perceived Interactivity, Privacy and Ad Avoidance. The results of this study revealed that the independent variables have a significant effect and positive influence on the dependent variable. All hypotheses were accepted. The study helps in understanding the consumer attitude towards the Facebook advertisement of counterfeit products.
IMPACT OF PERCEIVED RISK ON CUSTOMER’S ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS BRANDED APPARELS
Authors: Iqbal Wajiha
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the current research is to assess the influence of perceived risk on the online purchase intention of customers towards branded apparels. To discuss perceived risk, the use of five different factors was made which are product risk, time risk, social risk, security risk, and financial risk. It has evaluated the impact of these risks on online purchase intention. To collect data, a survey has been used as a method and quantitative analysis used for testing the hypothesis established. Data were collected from 20 respondents who participated in the survey online and the collected data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The findings suggest that there is an influence of perceived risk on consumers when they are purchasing branded apparel online. Two factors product and financial risk have a significant and negative influence on customers online purchase intention. However, other factors which are security, social, and time risk are insignificant. In the context of practical implications, this study would be helpful for online retailers and would provide them with an overview of the customer’s perspective regarding the risks that restrict them from purchasing branded apparel online.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Jummani Muhammad Ovais , Shaikh Sadia
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to explore prospects and opportunities of the use of Social Media Marketing tools by Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, to develop and promote their business. The research data findings postulate the fact that the SMEs constitute over 90 percent of 3.2 million business enterprises listed under the Economic Census of Pakistan (2005,) generate 25 percent of manufacturing export earnings and contribute 30 percent to the annual GDP in the country. Despite this fact, the SMEs are considered to be less formally organized sector of the economy relative to large enterprises, have limited access to financial resources and are limited to their scale of production. Social Media Marketing, on the other hand, operates on a less complex organizational structure, requires lower financial investments and even makes an organization appear to be larger than its actual size. These analogous attributes establish a correlation between SMEs and Social Media Marketing. This paper intends to identify the various possibilities which can contribute to the growth and development of the SME sector in Pakistan. The study examines the data evidence and empirically tests the correlation between SME business progress & social media as a mode of business promotion. Consequently, this research paper focuses on how small businesses can use Social Media not only for advertising and marketing their products and services but also for building the business overall, employing transactional mechanisms, sharing information with customers and receiving their feedback and recommendations on a regular basis.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumers' Buying Behavior
Authors: Hussain Imran
Published: July 2021

The rapidly evolving market conditions and intense competition between the firms and marketers to adopt competitive strategies to promote their product to the right customer. Recent developments in consumer behavior and marketing studies emphasize various elements which impose an influencing impact on consumers and persuade them towards purchase intentions. This study explores the impact of celebrity endorsement and the mediating effect of consumer attitude on consumer purchase intention in a developing country. The study employed a quantitative research design for which a self-administrated structured research questionnaire was administered. the data were collected from 100 university students as respondents. The findings indicate that there is a strong influence of celebrity endorsements on university students. The celebrity endorser who possesses attributes such as likability, attractiveness, credibility, and personality has a positive influence on consumer’s purchase intentions. Moreover, celebrity endorsements create a positive impact on consumers attitudes towards endorsed brands and products which stimulate the purchase intention. This research provides some useful theoretical and practical implications for researchers and marketers on the use of celebrity endorsers.
Impact of Sales Promotion, Advertising and Direct Marketing on Sale of Cosmetic Products
Authors: Khan Zawar
Published: July 2021

Retail markets have been one of the most rapid-growing markets in the world for the last decade; to stay competitive, retailers use effective sales promotions tools and that become a vital technique for marketers to stimulate consumer buying behavior towards purchasing any product. This study aims to determine the impact of the most used tools of sales promotion in the retail sector such as coupons, sample, price discount and buy one get one free on consumer buying behavior from two aspects: brand switching and customer loyalty. This study based on a literature review, conceptual framework and hypothesis which open the door for future researchers to expand more in this field.
Negative Marketing Effects on Utilization of Unsafe Products
Authors: Afzal Siddiqui Abdul Aziz
Published: July 2021

Firms that intend to be ethically responsible for producing and promoting products that are counted as unsafe products. These products are not physically, socially, or ethically safe as they create significant risk or injury to the person who consumes or uses them. It not only harms the person but also the others in the surrounding and cause damage to society. These include cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco made from dried tobacco leaves, which have a health impact on bystanders. Similarly, a firm's attempt to put efforts aimed at discouraging (not destroying) the demand for such products and indulges in negative marketing. Common negative marketing strategies include higher prices, scaled-down advertising, and product redesign. This paper is quantitative in nature and attempts to investigate the impact of negative marketing practices on unsafe products. The findings of the study will be useful for marketers to understand consumer behavior and attitude towards negative marketing strategies.
Impact of Brand Association, Brand Image & Brand Loyalty on Brand Equity
Authors: Dada Muhammad Habib
Published: July 2021

The most important determinants of brand equity are brand image and brand loyalty. These critical elements affect the customer’s thought processes and build up their perception of the brand. The main objective of this research study is to investigate the critical association between brand association, brand image and loyalty and how they impact brand equity. In order to achieve research intentions, a model reflecting the effect of brand association, brand image and brand loyalty on brand equity was conceptualized. Hypotheses were formulated to assess the relationship between the variables and their impact on the dependent variable. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data were analyzed through structural equation model SEM to assess the correlation. The study findings demonstrate that brand associations, brand loyalty and brand image have a positive effect on brand equity. The study provides brand managers with key insights to enrich the equity of their brands.
Impact of Promotional Tools on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Case of FMCG Industry
Authors: Ali Ahsan , Muhammad Khair
Published: July 2021

Instantaneous changes in the global socio-economic scenario due to rapid uncertainties and emerging technologies have framed a cutthroat competition between the market players across industries. This colossal change in business structures has altered the consumer demands and driven business focus to search for unique marketing tactics to attract, bring-in, and retain a larger customer pool through various promotional tools. The importance of unique marketing strategies for a business is undeniable as the exclusivity of marketing tools is the core idea to draw customer's attention towards the products. Marketers today are relentlessly trying to decipher new strategies through which changing customer demands can be catered to and seek innovative ideas to attain customer attention. This research project thus intends to test the effect of different promotional tools and their impacts on consumer buying behaviour. Every company hence tries to execute various forms of marketing tactics aimed to increase sales and to maximize business market share. Promotion is a mode of marketing that aspires to introduce and at the same time persuade consumers to buy the products offered by the business to enhance the sales volume and increase the firm’s profit margins. Hence, the purpose of this research study is to examine the impact of different promotion tools which include free samples, product price reductions, free coupons, and buy one get one free offer on consumer buying behaviour in the FMCG industry in Pakistan. This study was conducted in Karachi, and a total of 208 respondents were selected using the systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire which was adapted from previous similar studies. Statistical tools were employed using SPSS and SmartPLS3 software to analyze the gathered data and find some meaningful results. The significance of this research is extensive as the key findings may help organizations devise appropriate promotional strategies to minimize their costs and maximize market share as well as profits. Moreover, the practical contributions of this research persist in the identification of sales promotion strategies that are pertinent to the management of clients in the FMCG market in Pakistan. Hence, this study will be beneficial for organizations to minimize their costs related to sales promotion and will provide the right promotional inducement, marketing strategies for businesses to increase sales by creating purchase behaviour practices for display.
Emergence of CPEC as a Regional Threat to Neighboring Countries: Exploring the Strategic Marketing Perspective through Economic Lens
Authors: Sultan Muhammad Faisal , Saleem Muhammad Furquan
Published: July 2021

CPEC is one of the most important topics for research in social science today due to its dominance and prominence in regional studies. There is a heap of research inventory in this area of interest. Although most of the prior studies highlighted opportunities, threats and obstacles associated with CPEC, none of these indicated the potential threats that CPEC imposes on India. Therefore, this study has major importance in the literature as it is associated with the issues which the corridor might create for India. Although there are no prior studies in this regard, there is some evidence regarding the impact of CPEC on India, as no study is complete without addressing negative consequences of CPEC for India. Therefore, researchers bring all these stances together in order to formulate proper framework to address potential threats of CPEC for India. This is highlighted majorly through the support of public opinion and also through associating possible negative impacts of CPEC (on India) with secondary data. The study uses quantitative approach therefore for analysis of public opinion SMART PLS-SEM has been incorporated and results highlighted that youth believes that CPEC is able to produce several threats to India. Although the legal chasm of Gilgit & Biltistan might diminish the extent of these threats.
Security, Perception, and Practices: Challenges Facing Adoption of Online Banking in Pakistan
Authors: Shehzad Khurram , Waqas Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Online banking is a contemporary mode and a technological channel to facilitate the emerging demands of customers today. Increase in number of customers for online banking as a matter fact is related to customer’s awareness in a geographical space. Many customers today are adopting online banking through internet for their financial transactions especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, however, due to lack of awareness, expertise and connectivity resources, a majority of prospect customers still have not adopted this new mode of transaction in Pakistan. The main objective of this study is to know the customers’ perception regarding the usage of online banking in Karachi Pakistan. Most of the researchers so far have suggested that mostly the customers are unaware about online banking services and the reason, moreover due to lack of trust among customers on online banking services, customers are reluctant to adopt this medium for the financial transactions. This research project thus examines the customer’s trust, perception, problems related to online banking and suggests about online banking concerns especially in the context of Pakistan. This study explains that mostly customers prefer online banking services over branch banking due to its reliability, convenience, safety, speed and security, user-friendliness, and error less system. The findings of this study will provide the banks the answer to the questions that how they can provide online banking better services and what are the major issues that should be reduces in society to satisfy customers in a better way, so that they can compete their competitors in the industry and overall increase the number of online banking customers.
Impact of Ignorance of Customer Queries by Retailer Sales Staff on Customer Purchase Decision
Authors: Ali Afnan
Published: July 2021

This research is based on a description of the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retail sales staff on customer purchase decisions. This study is a questionnaire-based survey, and the analysis of the questionnaire and literature review is used to derive the conclusions. The outcomes of this research have revealed that the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retail sales staff has a positive correlation with the customer purchase decision. This research has described the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retailer sales staff through four constructs including customer satisfaction, customer trust, salesperson personality and purchase intention. The fact is when we define something as being important, we do everything possible to achieve it, and this is often related to the acquisition of some good. Even if your niche does not directly involve some personal purpose of your persona, it can do so in an indirect way, and if well explored, this concept can be very lucrative. Daily decisions are made on a day-to-day basis, although this decision-making process is hardly thought of. For marketing, this process, through the understanding of the customer buying decision process, is fundamental, since it allows the planning of better marketing strategies, contributing to a greater success of the brands. The concluding remarks of this research can be used as an information reference for the marketing managers, industrialists, and business-oriented people.
Investigating the Contributors to Brand Loyalty with a Mediating Role of Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Irfan Tooba , Siddiqui Misha
Published: July 2021

This study aims to test the empirical impact of the image of the brand, customer satisfaction and product & service quality on brand loyalty in territories of Pakistan. This study is applied research-based however there are many previous research studies related to the topic, but this research is different and unique as the data in this research is taken from the developing economy of Pakistan where there is a sharp dearth of these types of research investigations. The data was collected through secondary authentic sources. Moreover, the sample size of the study is 300. The data was analyzed through statistical softwares such as SPSS, AMOS and SMART PLS. The results indicate that there is a relationship linking brand awareness and brand loyalty with buying behaviour of the customer along with the mediation effect of sales promotion. The research is supported by descriptive analysis. This study is pervasive in nature as it enhances knowledge on the subject to help organizations, brand management and other related institutions.
PENERAPAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA PT ETOS SURYANUSA
Authors: Karolus Putra Setiadi  , Manafe Leonard Adrie
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT: Business sustainability and company goals can be measured by the company's level of service to customer satisfaction. With the recognition of customer satisfaction, it means that the use of products or services can continue and of course the company will get definite and smooth profits and business. The purpose of this study is to determine customer satisfaction is determined by the level of service of the company. Descriptive qualitative research method provides an overview of the results of the analysis that is easily accessible to readers. The research sample consisted of 30 informants who had become consumers of PT Etos Suryanusa. Research data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires, taking documentation and direct interviews. The results obtained from the research are physical evidence factors, reliability factors and responsiveness factors are important factors in increasing consumer satisfaction. The reliability factor has the most dominant influence on customer satisfaction. Assurance and empathy factors do not have any effect on customer satisfaction, instead they are considered as inhibiting factors for service quality.
Quality and strategy for response to change using a software solution in a service enterprise
Authors: Nedeliakova Eva , Hranicky Michal Petr
Published: July 2021

Abstract: It is now important for companies to respond proactively to the changing environment, to solve extraordinary situations, to implement an appropriate strategy and to constantly improve the quality of services through innovative changes. When determining the strategy in the company, it is necessary to find the right method and way of management and implementation. This can be facilitated by a number of models, tools and methodologies. This paper is focused on those offered by change management. The authors' own research brought a new software solution. The paper defines the starting points for setting changes in the strategy affecting the quality of the company's services. It describes a new proposed software that links change management methods. All the features have been designed to make it as easy as possible and to help create a strategy. A very valuable feature of the software is linking the entire organization and letting all employees understand what the strategy is and how they can get involved. Sažetak: Sada je važno da tvrtke proaktivno reagiraju na promjenjivo okruženje, rješavaju izvanredne situacije, provode odgovarajuću strategiju i stalno poboljšavaju kvalitetu usluga inovativnim promjenama. Pri određivanju strategije u poduzeću potrebno je pronaći pravu metodu i način upravljanja i provedbe. To mogu olakšati brojni modeli, alati i metodologije. Ovaj je rad usredotočen na one koje nude upravljanje promjenama. Vlastita istraživanja autora donijela su novo softversko rješenje. U radu su definirana polazišta za postavljanje promjena u strategijama koje utječu na kvalitetu usluga poduzeća. Opisuje novi predloženi softver koji povezuje metode upravljanja promjenama. Sve su značajke dizajnirane kako bi ih učinile što jednostavnijim i pomogle u stvaranju strategije. Vrlo vrijedna značajka softvera je povezivanje cijele organizacije i omogućavanje svim zaposlenicima da shvate koja je strategija i kako se mogu uključiti.
Innovation rate as a quality indicator of economic development: case of the former Yugoslavian countries
Authors: Mrkonjić Zrinka , Plantić Tadić Diana
Published: July 2021

Abstract: When it comes to economic growth of modern day developed countries, it can be concluded that certain factors can be distinguished as definitive quality indicators of economic growth. Meaning that the rise of said factors will in most cases ensure sustainable economic growth. Considering the rise of capitalism and the growth of multinational companies, one challenge most modern day countries face is strengthening of a countries export rates and inspiring continuous entrepreneurial activity. One key indicator that has thus far been often overlooked is the innovation rate. The aim of this paper is to conclude whether or not the innovation rate can be used as a quality indicator of economic development. The focus in this paper has been put on the former Yugoslavian countries. The reason for this being that all of their economies started developing at the same time and under a very similar socio-political background and origin. This makes them a good subject for observation, seeing as how they all developed to different capacities and at various rates. Observing these countries and various influential factors can help discern the factors which impact the GDP rate the most. In particular, the innovation rate. Sažetak: Kad je riječ o ekonomskom rastu današnjih razvijenih zemalja, može se zaključiti da se određeni čimbenici mogu razlikovati kao konačni pokazatelji kvalitete gospodarskog rasta. Što znači da će porast navedenih čimbenika u većini slučajeva osigurati održivi gospodarski rast. Uzimajući u obzir rast kapitalizma i rast multinacionalnih tvrtki, jedan od izazova s kojima se suočava većina modernih zemalja je jačanje izvoza i poticanje kontinuirane poduzetničke aktivnosti. Jedan od ključnih pokazatelja koji se do sada često zanemarivao je stopa inovacija. Cilj je ovog rada istražiti može li se stopa inovacija koristiti kao pokazatelj kvalitete gospodarskog razvoja. Fokus u ovom radu je stavljen na zemlje nastale na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije. Razlog tome je taj što su se njihova gospodarstva počela razvijati u isto vrijeme i pod vrlo sličnom društveno-političkim okolnostima. To ih čini podobnim za istraživanje i zaključivanje o tome kako su se razvijali do različitih razina i različitom dinamikom. Istraživanje ovih zemalja i različitih čimbenika utjecaja može pomoći u prepoznavanju čimbenika koji najviše utječu na stopu BDP-a. Konkretno, stopa inovacija.
Kvaliteta organiziranog heritage hotelskog proizvoda suvremenog hotelijerstva
Authors: Floričić Tamara , Borzić Slonka Anita
Published: July 2021

Sažetak: Kvaliteta u suvremenom hotelijerstvu je ultimativni cilj ali i standard vrijednosti koji doprinosi konkurentnosti malih heritage boutique hotela u Hrvatskoj. Cilj rada je analizirati pozicije elemenata kvalitete kroz percepciju potrošača putem Internet rezervacijskog servisa Booking.com te sagledati pozicije zadovoljstva gostiju kroz ocjenjivanje ponude kategoriziranih i nekategoriziranih heritage hotela. Cilj je vezan za svrhu istraživanja, procjenu važnosti kategorije u usklađenju kvalitete integralne ponude malih i srednjih hotela sa kreativnim konceptom povijesne tematizacije i vrednovanja baštine. Istraživanjem se analiziraju realne ocjene kvalitete, kako ukupno tako i u pojedinačnim elementima s posebnim osvrtom na kategoriju percipirane vrijednosti za novac. Podržani kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom metodologijom zaključci istraživanja predstavljaju platformu za buduća promišljanja o važnosti unaprjeđenja hotelske usluge. Ključni elementi kvalitete koje turisti vrednuju trebaju ići u korak s atraktivnošću koncepta ponude i sinergijski doprinijeti ostvarenju konkurentnosti. Abstract: “Quality in modern hospitality is an ultimate goal, but also a value standard which contributes to the competitiveness of small heritage boutique hotels in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyse the positions of elements of quality through the perception of consumers who use the Internet booking service Booking.com, as well as to consider the positions of guest satisfaction through the grading of heritage hotels’ categorised and uncategorised offers. The aim relates to the purpose of the research, the estimate of the importance of the category in harmonisation of the integral quality of small and medium-sized hotels with the creative concept of historical theming and heritage validation. By the research, realistic quality assessments are analysed, both aggregately and in individual elements, with a special reference to the category of perceived value for money. Supported by the qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the research conclusions represent a platform for future consideration of the importance of improvement of hotel services. The key quality elements assessed by tourists should be in line with the attractiveness of the concept of the offer and should also contribute to the realisation of competitiveness.
Budućnost u inovativnim hibridnim radnim mjestima: što smo naučili tijekom korona krize o kvaliteti na poslu?
Authors: Šugar Violeta
Published: July 2021

Sažetak: Jedna od posljedica pandemije korona virusa velik je šok i za europsko i za svjetsko gospodarstvo. Utjecaj na razne sektore i poduzeća ovisi o nizu čimbenika, među ostalim o mogućnosti prilagodbe radnih mjesta, odnosno načina obavljanja radnih zadataka u kontekstu epidemioloških mjera. Organizacije se suočavaju s potrebom novoga strateškog pristupa u organizaciji poslova, zaštiti zdravlja na radnome mjestu, komuniciranju u novim okolnostima, vođenju, motiviranju, te upravljanju prihodima i troškovima. U New Yorku se, primjerice, samo 14% od više od milijun službenika do sredine siječnja vratilo u svoje urede, čime su ugroženi mnogi mali poduzetnici (trgovine, restorani), ali i život na Manhattanu. Za vrijeme proljetnog zatvaranja 62% zaposlenih Amerikanaca radilo je od kuće, što je više nego dvostruko više u odnosu na nekoliko godina ranije. Mnogi su od njih izrazili zadovoljstvo brzom prilagodbom i učinkovitošću, međutim novija istraživanja pokazuju kako rad od kuće ima i negativnih učinaka, poput onih vezanih uz izravnu komunikaciju, dijeljenje znanja, kreativno rješavanje izazova, ali i odvajanje privatnog i poslovnog života. U ovome se radu analiziraju elementi kvalitete radnoga mjesta, načini prilagodbe i organizacije rada različitih djelatnosti u pandemijskim uvjetima, te prednosti i nedostaci rada od kuće / na daljinu u potrazi za odgovorom na pitanje je li budućnost u hibridnim radnim mjestima. Abstract: One of the consequences of the corona virus pandemic is a major shock to the economies worldwide. The impact on various sectors and companies depends on several factors, including the possibility of adapting jobs, i.e., the way of performing work tasks in the context of epidemiological measures. Organizations face the need for a new strategic approach in work organization, in workplace health protection, with communication under new circumstances, as well as in leadership, motivation, and revenue and cost management. In New York, for example, only 14% of more than a million employees returned to their offices by mid-January, threatening many small businesses (shops, restaurants) but also the living in Manhattan. During the spring lockdown, 62% of employed Americans worked from home which is more than twice as many as a few years earlier. Many of them expressed satisfaction with the quick adjustment and efficiency, but recent research shows that working from home also has negative effects, such as those related to direct communication, knowledge sharing, creative problem solving, but also the separation of private and business life. This paper analyses the elements of workplace quality, ways of adapting and organizing the work of different activities in pandemic conditions, and advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in search of an answer to the question of whether the future is in hybrid workplaces.
Utjecaj robotike i umjetne inteligencije na kvalitetu života u budućnosti
Authors: Lipnjak Gorana
Published: July 2021

Sažetak: Suočeni smo s činjenicom da se nove tehnologije razvijaju izuzetno brzo i utječu na ljudske živote kako u poslovnom tako i u privatnom životu. Novi izumi i inovacije predstavljaju se gotovo svaki tjedan. Uz adekvatnu primjenu umjetne inteligencije i robotike i svijet može postati kvalitetnije mjesto za život. Međutim, povijest je pokazala da nove tehnologije ne pružaju samo prednosti i nove mogućnosti, već i nove troškove i prijetnje. U radu će biti prikazani pojedini utjecaji na promjene ljudskog djelovanja i ponašanja u bližoj i daljoj budućnosti. Prednosti se očekuju u području očuvanja zdravlja i sigurnosti, smanjenja opasnih poslova u nezdravim uvjetima, povećanom dostupu informacijama, boljoj organizacija rada, poboljšanju u području poljoprivrede, obrazovanja,… S druge strane, očekuje se smanjenje broja radnih mjesta, veća potreba za visokospecijaliziranim stručnjacima, sve veća tehnološka složenost,…. Također mnogi futuristi i znanstvenici pokazuju i zabrinutost zbog razvoja superinteligencije, koja bi mogla zamijeniti ljudsku rasu. U posljednje vrijeme se pokušavaju osvijestiti potencijalne zloupotrebe umjetne inteligencije i robotike te se ukazala potreba za donošenjem zakona, preporuka, smjernica za usmjeravanje razvoja robotike. U radu će se navesti važnije prednosti i nedostaci robotike i umjetne inteligencije u pojedinim područjima djelovanja ljudi, kao i predviđanja nekih eminentnih stranih i domaćih znanstvenika i futurista. Abstract: We are faced with the fact that new technologies are evolving extremely fast and affecting human lives in both business and private life. New inventions and innovations are presented almost every week. With the adequate application of artificial intelligence and robotics, the world can become a better place to live. However, history has shown that new technologies provide not only benefits and new opportunities, but also new costs and threats. The paper will present individual influences on changes in human action and behaviour in the near and distant future. Advantages are expected in the field of health and safety, reduction of dangerous jobs in unhealthy conditions, increased access to information, better organization of work, improvement in agriculture, education … On the other hand, a reduction in the number of jobs is expected, a greater need for highly specialized professionals, increasing technological complexity, …. Also, many futurists and scientists show concern about the development of superintelligence, which could replace the human race. Recently, there have been attempts to raise awareness of potential abuses of artificial intelligence and robotics, and there has been a need for laws, recommendations, guidelines to guide the development of robotics. The paper will list the more important advantages and disadvantages of robotics and artificial intelligence in certain areas of human activity, as well as the predictions of some eminent foreign and domestic scientists and futurists.
An overview of ISO standards that support the development of smart cities
Authors: Mutavdžija Maja , Buntak Krešimir , Zlatić Sanja
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The concept of sustainable development and the concept of smart city are two basic concepts of the modern world, created because of urban population growth, climate change, scarcity of resources and other changes and challenges. It can be said that these two concepts came about because of an innovative way of thinking about the crisis that society is in. To facilitate the adaptation of urban areas to new concepts that place emphasis on sustainability in an economic, environmental and social context, ISO has further a range of standards that are not only aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals but also the Smart Cities concept. The paper defines standards that cities need to adapt to, or whose requirements they need to meet to achieve sustainable development, and emphasizes the ISO 37120 standard, the first standard to propose a set of indicators for measuring and monitoring the success of Smart City initiatives. Sažetak: Koncept održivog razvoja i koncept pametnog grada dva su temeljna koncepta suvremenog svijeta, nastala kao posljedica rasta broja stanovnika urbanih područja, klimatskih promjena, oskudnosti resursa i ostalih promjena te izazova. Može se reći kako su ta dva koncepta nastala posljedično inovativnom načinu promišljanja o krizi u kojoj se društvo nalazi. Za lakšu prilagodbu urbanih područja novim konceptima, koji naglasak stavljaju na održivost u ekonomskom, ekološkom i socijalnom kontekstu, ISO na raspolaganje dalje niz normi, koje su ne samo usklađene s ciljevima održivog razvoja UN-a, već i konceptom Pametnih gradova. Kroz rad definiraju se norme kojima se gradovi trebaju prilagoditi, odnosno čije zahtjeve trebaju ispuniti, kako bi ostvarili održivi razvoj te se naglašava i norma ISO 37120, prva norma koja predlaže set indikatora za mjerenje i praćenje uspjeha Smart City inicijativa.
Quality of life in smart cities - security technology & crime control
Authors: Mina Elie , Petar Saša
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The concept of the Smart City is increasingly gaining popularity and defines an approach that uses Information and Communication Technology to support the different facets of sustainability processes, while taking into consideration the interests of different stakeholders. Security is one of many issues raised in Smart City initiatives; the security issue is often tackled by the adoption of systems that enhance security systems. Smart Cities raises noteworthy political, specialized, and socioeconomic challenges for creators, trustworthiness, and organizations included in administrating these modern substances. An expanding number of considers center on the security, privacy, and risks inside Smart Cities, highlighting the dangers relating to data security and challenges for Smart City framework within the management and handling of individual information. Smart City has circulated over the created world influencing urban improvement programs and government methodologies. Such future cities are proclaimed for their proficient networked technologies implanted inside the texture of urban situations that give unused implies of social control for the state. These cities are imagined as a technological settle for the numerous issues of advanced city life; Rising advances are not faultless and have vulnerabilities that can be controlled by criminal performing artists. Indeed so, there's a curiously hush around the issues of security among the advocates of Smart Cities. Sažetak: Koncept Pametnog grada sve više dobiva na popularnosti i podrazumijeva pristup koji koristi informacijsku i komunikacijsku tehnologiju za podršku različitim aspektima procesa održivosti, uzimajući u obzir interese različitih dionika. Sigurnost je jedno od mnogih pitanja pokrenutih u inicijativama Pametnog grada. Sigurnosno pitanje često se rješava uvođenjem sustava koji poboljšavaju sigurnost. Pametni gradovi predstavljaju značajne političke, specijalizirane i socioekonomske izazove donositeljima odluka kao i organizacijama uključenim u upravljanje tim modernim sustavima. Sve veći broj istrtaživanja usmjeren je na sigurnost, privatnost i rizike u Pametnim gradovima, ističući opasnosti povezane sa sigurnošću podataka i izazove za Pametni grad u kontekstu upravljanja i korištenja pojedinih informacija. Pametni grad je dio svjetskog konteksta koji utječe na programe urbanih poboljšanja i metode upravljanja. Takvi su gradovi budućnosti zamišljeni kao vješto umrežene tehnologije ugrađene u teksturu urbanih situacija koje otvaraju neiskorištene mogućnosti društvene kontrole države. Ti su gradovi zamišljeni kao tehnološko rješenje za brojna pitanja kvalitete gradskog života. Napredak nije besprijekoran i ranjiv je. Uistinu, među zagovornicima Pametnih gradova postoji neobična šutnja oko pitanja sigurnosti.
OKUL YÖNETİCİLİĞİNİN MESLEKLEŞMESİ
Authors: BALCI Ali
Published: July 2021

Eğitim ve okul yöneticiliği Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde 19. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında spesifik bir disiplin olarak görülmeye başlanmış; o tarihten bu yana okul yöneticiliği, gelişmesi süreci içinde değişik anlayış ve uygulamalara tabi olsa da son erimde ayrı bir disiplin, ayrı bir uzmanlık, bunların ötesinde de ayrı bir meslek olarak algılanır olmuştur. Bu çerçevede, okul yöneticiliği mesleğinin aday oluşturma (recruitment) aşamasından başlayarak seçilmesi, atanması, yetiştirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi süreçleri belli standartlara bağlanmıştır. Örneğin Eyaletler arası Okul Yöneticiliği Lisans Konsorsiyumu standartları ülke çapında 45’ten fazla eyalette üniversite eğitim yönetimi programlarına temel oluşturmuştur. Öyle ki bu eyaletlerde bu standartları karşılamayan okul yöneticisi adaylarının okul müdürlüğüne başvurması söz konusu bile olmamaktadır. Türk Eğitim Sistemine gelince maalesef son yönetici yetişme yönetmeliğinde bile okul yöneticiliği öğretmenliğe ek ikinci bir görev olarak yer almakta, öğretmenlikten ayrı bir uzmanlık, ayrı bir meslek olarak görülmemektedir. Son yönetmelikte sadece “eğitim yönetimi formasyonuna sahip olmak” ölçütü geç de olsa, arzu edilen içerik ve kazandırılma stratejileri ile alana katkı getirici olarak değerlendirilebilir. Okul yöneticilerinin pek tabii ki ayrı bir meslek olmasının gereği statüleri de genel yönetim hizmetler kapsamında olmalıdır.
TÜRKİYE'DE FİZİK ARAŞTIRMA GRUPLARI ARASINDA YÜKSELEN REKABET
Authors: SÜNEL Naci , AKDENİZ Kamil Gediz
Published: July 2021

Geçen yüzyıldan bugüne bilimin sağlıklı gelişimi ve dönüşümü üzerine birçok tartışma yapılmaktadır. 2019 yılında bilim sosyologları tarafından yapılan ilginç bir araştırma, bu tartışmalardan farklı olarak konuya yeni bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türk Fizik Derneğinin kongre özet kitapçıklarının tamamı (43 yılda 12,287 bildiri) yıllara ve yazar sayılarına göre taradık. Tarama sonunda elde edilen veriler, 2019 yılında Nature’da yayınlanan makalede öne sürülen, yeni bakış açısına göre değerlendirildi. Değerlendirme sonucuna göre Türkiye'de fizik araştırmalarında az sayıda üyesi olan, araştırma gruplarının sayısında yıllara göre azalma olduğu tespit edildi. Türk Fizik Dünyasında az sayıda üyesi olan araştırma grupları ile çok sayıda üyesi olan araştırma grupları arasındaki dengenin bozulmasının nedenleri ve bu dengesizliğin gelecekte, Türkiye’de fizik araştırma ekolojisinin özgünlüğüne olabilecek etkileri tartışıldı.
OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN ETKİLİLİĞİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: KAZAK Ender
Published: July 2021

Okulun iç ve dış paydaşlarının etkilerine maruz kalmaları; okul içi ve dışı eylemleri koordine etmeleri, yönetim süreçlerinden birinci derecede sorumlu olmaları ve okul başarısından öncelikli olarak sorumlu tutulmaları nedeniyle okul müdürlerinin etkililiği önemlidir. Okul müdürünün etkililiği, okulun iç ve dış paydaşlarının enerji ve güçlerini birleştirmesi sonucu oluşan sinerji ile sağlanabilir. Diğer bir anlatımla etkililiği, sistem yaklaşımı ile ele almak doğru bir yaklaşım olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin etkililiğini sınırlayan etkenleri ve okul müdürlerinin etkililiğinin nasıl arttırılabileceğine ilişkin çözüm önerilerini öğretmen görüşlerine göre tespit etmeye çalışmaktır. Nitel yöntemle yürütülen bu araştırma, durum çalışması deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Düzce ili merkezindeki ortaokullarda, farklı branşlarda görev yapan 10 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış sorular aracılığıyla toplanmış olup içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda, öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin etkililiğini sınırladığını düşündükleri faktörler, örgütsel ve çevresel engeller olmak üzere iki alt tema altında toplanmıştır. Okul müdürünün etkililiğinin nasıl arttırılabileceği ile ilgili bireysel düzenlemeler, örgütsel düzenlemeler ve çevresel düzenlemeler olmak üzere üç alt tema altında ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda müdür etkililiğinin artırılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Inclusive Design: An Approach to Adapt Homes for the Elderly
Authors: Fallah Hossein , Nazari Jalil , Choobineh Alireza , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Jafarabadi Mohamad Asghari
Published: July 2021

The aging trend of the world population has increased the number of elderly people. Older people prefer to spend most of their time at home. The problem is that today's homes are often unsuitable for the elderly and the disabled. Thus, problems of the current design approaches, which are based on percentiles as well as the tendency to involve the elderly and disabled people in society, have put the concept of inclusive design into consideration. Application of new design approaches, such as inclusive design allows designers to design products and services to meet the needs of a larger group of users regardless of their age and ability. Given the rapid aging of the world population, more research is needed to design specific products and environments for elderly people. Keywords: Home design, Aging, Ergonomics, Adaptation
The Impact of Implementing Steps of Empowerment Model on Decisional Conflict for Re-Pregnancy for Women with Failed Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salehabadi Mozhgan Zareyee , Kheirkhah Masoomeh , Esmaeeli Nazanin , Haghani Shima
Published: July 2021

Background: Failed pregnancy is known as a common and destructive experience. It has physical and psychological effects on both women and their families. Due to this experience, they may become reluctant to be pregnant again. In this regard, providing the coping strategies can help in being adapted to failed pregnancies, and making informed decisions on future pregnancies. So, this study was designed and then performed to determine the effect of implementing steps of empowerment model on decision conflict for re-pregnancy for women with failed pregnancies Method: This interventional research was a randomized controlled trial with a control group conducted in Iran from January 2020 to May 2020. Participants were 80 women who had been hospitalized in a referral center during the past 3-6 weeks due to failed pregnancies. Afterward, the eligible women were divided into the two groups of intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) with random allocation of sealed envelope site and a separate code was then determined for each person. The intervention was performed in four sessions lasted for 90-minute based on the model steps (threat perception, problem solving, educational participation, and evaluation) for intervention group. O'Connor's decisional conflict scale was completed in both groups once before and once six weeks after intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS edition 16 with the independent T-test, Fisher, and chi-squared tests. Results The scores of decisional conflict and its subscales had no differences between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.65). However, by passing six weeks from the intervention, the decisional conflict and all its subscales have reduced in the intervention group. (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Empowerment education in women with failed pregnancies improved their decision conflict in immune re-pregnancy, so empowerment education along with health care services is recommended for women with failed pregnancies. Trial registration: This randomized control trial was registered on the TCTR site with the code TCTR20191226001. Registered on 26 December 2019. https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=5336 Keywords: Empowerment, Conflict, Decision Making, Failed Pregnancy.