bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and prior experience as antecedents of absorptive capacity of high-tech academic spin-offs
Authors: Khodaei H. , Scholten V.E. , Wubben E.F.M. , Omta S.W.F.
Published: May 2016

We investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and team efficacy, in addition to the impact of domain-specific industry and research experience of spin-off management teams, on absorptive capacity, both potential and realised. A multiple regression analysis in 95 Dutch high-tech academic spin-offs indicates that entrepreneurial orientation and domain-specific research experience are positively related to potential absorptive capacity while entrepreneurial orientation, team efficacy and domain-specific industry experience are positively related to realised absorptive capacity. Analyses of the explained variance show that entrepreneurial orientation and team efficacy provide a higher contribution to absorptive capacity than domain-specific experience, which contributes to recent debates on antecedents of absorptive capacity for academic spin-offs.
Overall Framework Design of an Intelligent Dynamic Accounting Information Platform Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Qiu Feng
Published: May 2016

The development of the Internet of things (IOT) is changing our lives by making the objects we used every day convenient and “intelligent.” The application and development of IOT also have far-reaching effects on enterprise accounting information. A radio frequency technology accounting information platform is proposed by introducing the characteristics of IOT technology and accounting information. The overall design of the intelligent 3D dynamic accounting information platform includes data acquisition, cost accounting, and accounting document generation and report output. The subsystem design includes hardware and software designs. The 3D dynamic accounting information platform based on IOT technology implements accounting work and supervision, as well as promotes the development of accounting information work for enterprise management services.
Embedded Spectrum Sensor Network Architecture and Transmission Medium Test Based on TCP/IP
Authors: Zhang Ya , Han Fang
Published: May 2016

Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring that fully covers spectrum resources guarantees the orderly use of key technologies. However, existing monitoring equipment and methods cannot satisfy the increasing demand. A feasible solution for this problem is a wireless sensor network that is developed using a wireless self-organized network technology for a new type of distributed information system. For the wireless spectrum-monitoring network used by software, this study analyzes the operating system and hardware platform and then tests the physical transport layer under different transmission rates. Factors that may affect transmission performance are also investigated. A two-layer network model is eventually used based on the network to adapt to the requirements and the minimum transmission rate. The first layer uses cable, wideband code-division multiple access (CDMA), and time-division synchronous CDMA; the second layer network uses Wi-Fi/cable. This two-layer network model combines two heterogeneous networks, thereby enabling perception among nodes and gateway nodes. The management center can smooth the data transmission process. To perform several tasks simultaneously, we design our own two layers at the application layer protocol, namely, transmission protocol and data. The two-stage ad-hoc network process, the working principle, and the implementation method of each network application layer module are analyzed. The new spectrum sensor network structure exhibits low power consumption, low cost, as well as distributed and self-organization characteristics. It can guarantee the safety of data transmission with a good transmission rate.
Multi-sensor Information Fusion Method Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Liandong Lin
Published: May 2016

This study aims to solve the problem of multi-sensor information fusion, which is a key issue in the multi-sensor system development. The main innovation of this study is to propose a novel multi-sensor information fusion algorithm based on back propagation neural network and Bayesian inference. In the proposed algorithm, a triple is defined to represent a probability space; thereafter, the Bayesian inference is used to estimate the posterior expectation. Finally, we construct a simulation environment to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly enhance the accuracy of temperature detection after fusing the data obtained from different sensors.
GIS and the A'i of Colombia
Authors: Stocks Anthony , Reyes Manuela Ruiz , Rios-Franco Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2016

This paper presents the work of the WCS with the A'i Indigenous people in Colombia as part of a USAID-funded project between 2009 and 2011. The project had several dimensions that make it unusual. Unlike conventional “counter-mapping” attempts to represent Indigenous land claims as a counter to government representations, the project sought to create maps and analyses that represent prior land assignments to the A'i by the Colombian government itself. These land assignments were not supported by geo-referenced maps and, in the case of Indigenous “reserves” the original boundary markers were only known to the oldest of the A'i people. Analysis of forest cover in lands controlled by the A'i reveal that they are highly protective of forests; indeed their collective identity is strongly related to forest cover. The process described also illustrates the difficult position many Indigenous Amazonians face in an era of drug wars, uncontrolled colonization, and in the case of Colombia, the lack of follow-up to the political and social measures envisioned in the 1991 Constitution.
Implications of Higher Education on Earnings
Authors: Xia Belle Selene , Liitiäinen Elia
Published: May 2016

One of the central topics in the research of higher education is the degree of match between education and work as measured by earnings. Traditional literature has shown the correlation between the duration of studies and earnings in the work life. The authors' present study aims to enlarge this scope by evaluating the impact of competence and skills learned in the university with that of the skills demanded in the work life in an empirical study. In this paper, the authors have collected elementary data from the Finnish university graduates with a respectively high response rate. Consequently, using the data of these university graduates they aim to demonstrate the mismatch between the demand for academic knowledge and the professional demand in the work life and draw policy implications on the findings. The authors will also show how these phenomena affect higher education and earnings through the analysis of skills and competence. New research opportunities are opened in the survey evidence on skills learned at the university.
Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Reciprocal SCMC Language-Learning
Authors: Brown David
Published: May 2016

In reciprocal learning, learners of different mother tongues are paired so that each can help the other learn their language. Developments in ICT have broadened the possibilities for reciprocal learning, enabling synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC). This study focuses on 48 French-speaking learners paired with 48 British students. Each pair worked synchronously and quasi-autonomously on communication activities in a real-time, quasi-face-to-face environment via Skype. This article reports on the pedagogical potential of the above SCMC scheme. The data discussed are drawn from a quantitative study carried out during the scheme. Two instruments were used for data-collection during the investigation: a self-report questionnaire on motivation, and a battery of language tests completed after the SCMC encounters had taken place. The same tests were also taken by a control group (N=48). The findings suggest that SCMC improves oral expression and interactivity in that it helps learners to enhance language confidence and language knowledge gains.
The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Business Excellence
Authors: Kassem Rassel , Ajmal Mian , Khan Mehmood
Published: May 2016

The relationship between organizational culture (OC) and corporate performance was commonly studied and reflected in the literature in the last few years. However, the relationship between OC and business excellence is rarely tackled. In this context, this research examined the relationship between four OC types and organizational excellence and the role of information communication technology (ICT) as a moderator. A quantitative study was conducted, and the data were collected using a survey questionnaire distributed to middle managers in one of the gold winners of a United Arab Emirates-based business excellence award. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between organizational culture components and business excellence in general. A mission culture has the most significant relationship, in contrast, the adaptability culture had no positive relationship. Also, the moderating role of ICT was proven. The results of this research can be utilized by managers to build the OC type that boost excellence within their organizations.
A Multimodal Interaction Design Guidelines for VR Foot Reflexology Therapy Application
Authors: Okere Hector Chimeremeze , Sulaiman Suziah , Rambli Dayang Rohaya Awang , Foong Oi-Mean
Published: May 2016

The proliferation of multimodal interaction research have presented numerous advantages which include enhancement of realism, increased efficiency in user task performance and the achievement of an interactivity that is relatively identical to the conventional human to human interactions. Haptic, visual, and aural interactions have been widely utilized and applied in various domains ranging from military and scientific visualization realms into more multidisciplinary areas, such as art and culture, education, archeology, and complementary medicine. In Virtual reality stress therapy application particularly in the proliferation towards the virtualization and simulation of the traditional foot reflexology therapy, little is understood on the haptic, visual and aural interactive nature of the therapy and to what extent they contribute in the patients' relaxation and stress relief, which hinders the system developers from obtaining the appropriate system design requirements for foot reflexology virtual stress therapy applications. This paper presents an exploratory study that examines from both the patients' and practitioners' perspective, the haptic, visual and aural interactive nature in foot reflexology domain since the practices promote relaxation and stress relief. The study explored 2 traditional foot reflexology sessions; audio recorded semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the participant's while the session was going on for analysis. The study findings presented the haptic, visual and aural interactive nature involved from the patients' and practitioners' perspective, and a higher level design requirements for the haptic, aural, visual and general interactivity extracted from the study findings as well as from literature. Implications for future research are also discussed.
An Evaluation of the Adoption of the Integrated Human Resource Information System in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Roach Charlene M. L. , Davis-Cooper Gloria
Published: May 2016

The study explores factors that contributed to policy adoption of an HRIS in Trinidad and Tobago using the TOE TRIAD Model. It is significant as it contributes to the body of knowledge on innovation adoption in e-government and strategic human resource management approaches. The study is based in the Caribbean and provides insights into initiatives that developing countries are implementing within e-government in public organizations. Major findings indicated that there was a complex interaction of technological, organizational and environmental (TOE) factors which interacted. The confluence of factors produced impacts that were variable, dynamic and unpredictable. This approach in the TT public service brought about significant changes in processes and functions within human resource management. Future trends may continue and this study serves to guide policy makers in evaluating and monitoring how adoption policies are framed and future implications that may be learned as a result of this formative HRIS initiative.
Supporting Enterprise Integration with a Multidimensional Interoperability Framework
Authors: Delgado José C.
Published: May 2016

The agility with which Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) can be changed is of primordial importance in today's fast paced and competitive market. This depends on the changeability of EIS, which in turn is heavily influenced by the coupling between the services implemented in enterprise value chains, in which EIS need to cooperate. This paper describes the concept of enterprise as a service, a collection of dynamically assembled services with a lifecycle centered on the customers, and addresses EIS interoperability as a means to achieve EIS integration. To help systematizing the various aspects relevant to interoperability, this paper proposes a multidimensional interoperability framework, which includes the following dimensions: Lifecycle (with typical development stages), Concreteness (with various levels of abstraction), Interoperability (based on structural compliance and conformance), and Concerns (to deal with non-functional aspects such as security, quality of service and social and legal issues).
Use of Social Media for Disaster Management
Authors: Ngamassi Louis , Ramakrishnan Thiagarajan , Rahman Shahedur
Published: May 2016

Social media is emerging as an important information-based communication tool for disaster management. Yet there are many relief organizations that are not able to develop strategies and allocate resources to effectively use social media for disaster management. The reason behind this inability may be a lack of understanding regarding the different functionalities of social media. In this paper, we examine the literature using content analysis to understand the current usage of social media in disaster management. We draw on the honeycomb framework and the results of our content analysis to suggest a new framework that can help in utilizing social media more effectively during the different phases of disaster management. We also discuss the implications of our study.
A Multimethod Study of Enterprise Social Media Implementation and Use
Authors: Bala Hillol , Massey Anne P. , Hsieh Christine J.
Published: May 2016

Enterprise social media (ESM) are web-based platforms dedicated to corporate-based communication and collaboration. Although the practitioner literature and industry reports have suggested the potential value of ESM for organizations, there has been limited research that focuses on employees' reactions to ESM implementation and their post-implementation use behaviors. The authors conducted a mixed methods study of a large-scale ESM implementation in a Fortune 500 manufacturing company and found that widely used IT adoption models and determinants failed to explain employees' ESM use. To help explain this paradoxical finding, the authors leveraged their qualitative data and found several major challenges, both internal and external, that the company faced during ESM implementation. Their findings have a number of generalizable lessons for practice as well as implications for research.
Enhanced Expression of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase in B Cells Drives Systemic Autoimmunity by Disrupting T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Corneth Odilia B. J. , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Rip Jasper , Asmawidjaja Patrick S. , Kil Laurens P. , Hendriks Rudi W.
Published: May 2016

Upon BCR stimulation, naive B cells increase protein levels of the key downstream signaling molecule Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Transgenic CD19-hBtk mice with B cell–specific BTK overexpression show spontaneous germinal center formation, anti-nuclear autoantibodies, and systemic autoimmunity resembling lupus and Sjögren syndrome. However, it remains unknown how T cells are engaged in this pathology. In this study, we found that CD19-hBtk B cells were high in IL-6 and IL-10 and disrupted T cell homeostasis in vivo. CD19-hBtk B cells promoted IFN-γ production by T cells and expression of the immune-checkpoint protein ICOS on T cells and induced follicular Th cell differentiation. Crosses with CD40L-deficient mice revealed that increased IL-6 production and autoimmune pathology in CD19-hBtk mice was dependent on B–T cell interaction, whereas IL-10 production and IgM autoantibody formation were CD40L independent. Surprisingly, in Btk-overexpressing mice, naive B cells manifested increased CD86 expression, which was dependent on CD40L, suggesting that T cells interact with B cells in a very early stage of immune pathology. These findings indicate that increased BTK-mediated signaling in B cells involves a positive-feedback loop that establishes T cell–propagated autoimmune pathology, making BTK an attractive therapeutic target in autoimmune disease.
Luther and the Law in the Lutheran Church of Uganda
Authors: Ekyarikunda Enoch , Van Eck Ernest
Published: May 2016

This article investigates the role of the Law in the Lutheran Church of Uganda. It investigates how the Law is understood and lived among Lutherans in Uganda. Luther, the sixteenthcentury Reformer, understood and interpreted the Law in terms of the social and cultural context of his time. Luther’s background is very different and so much removed from the African context in which the Ugandan Lutherans find themselves today. Therefore, can the Lutheran Church of Uganda have the same understanding and interpretation of the Law as the Reformer? Is Luther’s sixteenth-century European understanding of the Law applicable to the current Lutherans in Africa, specifically in the Lutheran Church of Uganda? This article examines the social and cultural context of Lutherans in Uganda and determines how it affects their understanding and interpretation of the Law. The article aims to demonstrate that the social and cultural context of the people plays an important role in the way the Christian life is conducted. This article appeals to Paul’s situation in Galatians to prove this point.
Prevalence, distribution and pattern of gastric lesions in slaughtered pigs in south-western Nigeria
Authors: Omotosho Oladipo O. , Emikpe Benjamin O. , Lasisi Olalekan T. , Jarikre Theophilus A.
Published: May 2016

Gastric lesions, especially ulceration, cause significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The study was designed to assess its prevalence, distribution and pattern in pigs in south-western Nigeria. Slaughter house surveys were conducted on three government-established abattoirs in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo states. Stomachs from 480 pigs were assessed for gross lesions, which were graded using a modification of a standard technique. Tissues from different regions of the stomach were routinely stained to assess histopathologic changes. Data were presented as frequency counts and analysed using analysis of variance and chi-square technique. Significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05. Gastric lesions were encountered across the four regions of the stomach with a point prevalence of 57.29%. The prevalence of lesions in the non-glandular region was 32.9%, with severe hyperkeratosis (13.13%) being most frequently observed (p < 0.05). Erosions were significantly higher in the cardia (8.54%) (p < 0.05), followed by fundus (8.33%). Gastric ulcers were significantly higher in the fundus (19.58%) (p < 0.05). Scars of healed ulcers and lacerations were also observed in the fundus (5.42%) (p < 0.05). The gastric lesion distribution across the four regions of the stomach and the occurrence of ulceration in the fundus showed an unusual pattern, which is rarely reported in other parts of the world. The reason for these findings in pigs in Nigeria is not fully understood; therefore, further studies are required to identify and manage these factors for increased productivity, improved animal welfare and enhanced food security.Keywords: prevalence; gastric; lesions; fundic ulcers; pigs
Salmonella contamination, serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of cattle slaughtered in South Africa
Authors: Madoroba Evelyn , Kapeta Daniel , Gelaw Awoke K.
Published: May 2016

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella are among the leading causes of foodborne infections. Our aim was to determine Salmonella contamination during cattle slaughter in South African rural abattoirs (n = 23) and environmental samples. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance patterns of the Salmonella isolates were determined. Samples of cattle faeces (n = 400), carcass sponges (n = 100), intestinal contents (n = 62), hides (n = 67), and water from the abattoirs (n = 75) were investigated for Salmonella species using microbiological techniques and species-specific polymerase chain reaction targeting the invA gene. In total 92 Salmonella species isolates were recovered. The Salmonella mean frequency of occurrence on hides, carcasses, and intestinal contents was 35.37% (n = 81). Eleven faecal samples (2.75%) tested positive for Salmonella. The predominant serovar was Salmonella Enteritidis. Diverse serovars that were identified on carcasses were not necessarily found on the hides and intestinal contents. The inconsistent occurrence of the diverse Salmonella serovars on hides, carcasses, and intestinal contents implies that in addition to carriage on hides and in intestinal contents, other external factors also play an important role regarding carcass contamination. The 92 Salmonella were serotyped and tested for susceptibility towards the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, kanamycin, and oxytetracycline using the disk diffusion method. Most Salmonella (n = 66; 71.7%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial with highest resistance observed towards oxytetracycline (51.90%), which highlights the need for strict hygiene during slaughter and prudent antimicrobial use during animal production. In conclusion, cattle slaughtered in South African rural abattoirs harbour diverse Salmonella serovars that are resistant to antimicrobials, which could be a public health risk. The findings should assist policymakers with improving implementation of hygienic slaughter of cattle in rural abattoirs, which is paramount from socioeconomic, public health, and epidemiological standpoints.Keywords: Salmonella; Cattle; Rural abattoirs; slaughter; Multidrug resistance; Environmental samples
Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in nine Iranian families with lipoid proteinosis
Authors: Izadi Farzad , Mahjoubi Frouzandeh , Farhadi Mohammad , Kalayinia Samira , Bidmeshkipour Ali , Tavakoli Mohammad Moein , Samanian Sara
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is an autosomal recessive disease. Clinical characteristics of this disease are hoarse voice, scarring of the skin, brain calcifications, and eyelid papules (moniliform blepharosis). Mutations in the ECM1 gene on 1q21.2 are responsible for this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the mutation spectrum of ECM1 gene in nine Iranian families having at least one LP patient diagnosed clinically.

Methods:

The entire ECM1 gene was screened using PCR and direct sequencing in nine Iranian families with 12 suspected LP patients who were referred to the clinic, along with their parents and siblings. Thirty healthy individuals were included as controls.

Results:

In only one patient a homozygous G>A transition at nucleotide c.806 in exon 7 was detected. A G>A substitution at nucleotide 1243 in exon 8 that changes glycine (GGT) to serine (AGT) was observed in most of our patients. Furthermore, in one patient there was a change in the sequence of intron 8, the A>T transition in nucleotide 4307. In addition, in two cases (one patient and one healthy mother with affected child) there was a C (4249) deletion in intron 8.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results indicate that although mutation in ECM1gene is responsible for lipoid proteinosis, it is likely that this is not the only gene causing this disease and probably other genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the LP disease.
High burden of hepatitis C & HIV co-infection among people who inject drugs in Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Kermode Michelle , Nuken Amenla , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Akoijam Brogen Singh , Sharma H. Umesh , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:

It is well documented that the Northeast State of Manipur in India has been dealing with the dual problems of injecting drug use and HIV for the last two decades, but the hepatitis C problem has not been so well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV/HIV co-infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Manipur, and identify factors associated with infection.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the Integrated Behavioural and Biological Assessment (2009-2010), a cross-sectional survey among 821 male PWID in two districts of Manipur (Churachandpur and Bishnupur). Information about drug use, sexual and injecting risk behaviours, and exposure to interventions was obtained, and biological specimens tested for HIV and HCV. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with HCV infection and HCV/HIV co-infection.

Results:

HCV prevalence was 74 per cent (91% Churachandpur, 56% Bishnupur), and HCV/HIV co-infection was 29 per cent (38% Churachandpur, 21% Bishnupur). Among the 31 per cent of HIV positive PWID, 95 per cent were co-infected. HCV infection was associated with district, longer duration of injecting, injecting at least once daily, generally injecting with a used needle and syringe, and having had an HIV test. HCV/HIV co-infection was associated with district, older age, being employed, being widowed/divorced, longer duration of injecting, and feeling at risk of HIV infection.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The HCV/HIV co-infection among PWID in Manipur was very high, highlighting the urgent need for effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest
Authors: Jardine Kolby J. , Jardine Angela B. , Souza Vinicius F. , Carneiro Vilany , Ceron Joao V. , Gimenez Bruno O. , Soares Cilene P. , Durgante Flavia M. , Higuchi Niro , Manzi Antonio O. , Gonçalves José F. C. , Garcia Sabrina , Martin Scot T. , Zorzanelli Raquel F. , Piva Luani R. , Chambers Jeff Q.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Isoprene (Is) emissions by plants represent a loss of carbon and energy resources leading to the initial hypothesis that fast growing pioneer species in secondary tropical forests allocate carbon primarily to growth at the expense of isoprenoid defenses. In this study, we quantified leaf isoprene and methanol emissions from the abundant pantropical pioneer tree species Vismia guianensis and ambient isoprene concentrations above a diverse secondary forest in the central Amazon. As photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was varied (0 to 3000 µmol m−2 s−1) under standard leaf temperature (30 °C), isoprene emissions from V. guianensis increased without saturation up to 80 nmol m−2 s−1. A nonlinear increase in isoprene emissions with respect to net photosynthesis (Pn) resulted in the fraction of Pn dedicated to isoprene emissions increasing with light intensity (up to 2 % of Pn). Emission responses to temperature under standard light conditions (PAR of 1000 µmol m−2 s−1) resulted in the classic uncoupling of isoprene emissions (Topt, iso > 40 °C) from net photosynthesis (Topt, Pn = 30.0–32.5 °C) with up to 7 % of Pn emitted as isoprene at 40 °C. Under standard environmental conditions of PAR and leaf temperature, young V. guianensis leaves showed high methanol emissions, low Pn, and low isoprene emissions. In contrast, mature leaves showed high Pn, high isoprene emissions, and low methanol emissions, highlighting the differential control of leaf phenology over methanol and isoprene emissions. High daytime ambient isoprene concentrations (11 ppbv) were observed above a secondary Amazon rainforest, suggesting that isoprene emissions are common among neotropical pioneer species. The results are not consistent with the initial hypothesis and support a functional role of methanol during leaf expansion and the establishment of photosynthetic machinery and a protective role of isoprene for photosynthesis during high temperature extremes regularly experienced in secondary rainforest ecosystems.
Uncertainty contributions to low-flow projections in Austria
Authors: Parajka Juraj , Blaschke Alfred Paul , Blöschl Günter , Haslinger Klaus , Hepp Gerold , Laaha Gregor , Schöner Wolfgang , Trautvetter Helene , Viglione Alberto , Zessner Matthias
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The main objective of the paper is to understand the contributions to the uncertainty in low-flow projections resulting from hydrological model uncertainty and climate projection uncertainty. Model uncertainty is quantified by different parameterisations of a conceptual semi-distributed hydrologic model (TUWmodel) using 11 objective functions in three different decades (1976–1986, 1987–1997, 1998–2008), which allows for disentangling the effect of the objective function-related uncertainty and temporal stability of model parameters. Climate projection uncertainty is quantified by four future climate scenarios (ECHAM5-A1B, A2, B1 and HADCM3-A1B) using a delta change approach. The approach is tested for 262 basins in Austria. The results indicate that the seasonality of the low-flow regime is an important factor affecting the performance of model calibration in the reference period and the uncertainty of Q95 low-flow projections in the future period. In Austria, the range of simulated Q95 in the reference period is larger in basins with a summer low-flow regime than in basins with a winter low-flow regime. The accuracy of simulated Q95 may result in a range of up to 60 % depending on the decade used for calibration. The low-flow projections of Q95 show an increase of low flows in the Alps, typically in the range of 10–30 % and a decrease in the south-eastern part of Austria mostly in the range −5 to −20 % for the climate change projected for the future period 2021–2050, relative the reference period 1978–2007. The change in seasonality varies between scenarios, but there is a tendency for earlier low flows in the northern Alps and later low flows in eastern Austria. The total uncertainty of Q95 projections is the largest in basins with a winter low-flow regime and, in some basins the range of Q95 projections exceeds 60 %. In basins with summer low flows, the total uncertainty is mostly less than 20 %. The ANOVA assessment of the relative contribution of the three main variance components (i.e. climate scenario, decade used for model calibration and calibration variant representing different objective function) to the low-flow projection uncertainty shows that in basins with summer low flows climate scenarios contribute more than 75 % to the total projection uncertainty. In basins with a winter low-flow regime, the median contribution of climate scenario, decade and objective function is 29, 13 and 13 %, respectively. The implications of the uncertainties identified in this paper for water resource management are discussed.
Improving satellite-retrieved surface radiative fluxes in polar regions using a smart sampling approach
Authors: Van Tricht Kristof , Lhermitte Stef , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , van Lipzig Nicole P. M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The surface energy budget (SEB) of polar regions is key to understanding polar amplification of global climate change and its worldwide consequences. Yet, despite a growing network of ground-based automatic weather stations that measure the radiative components of the SEB, extensive areas remain where no ground-based observations are available. Satellite remote sensing has emerged as a potential solution to retrieve components of the SEB over remote areas, with radar and lidar aboard the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites among the first to enable estimates of surface radiative long-wave (LW) and short-wave (SW) fluxes based on active cloud observations. However, due to the small swath footprints, combined with a return cycle of 16 days, questions raise as to how CloudSat/CALIPSO observations should be optimally sampled in order to retrieve representative fluxes for a given location. Here we present a smart sampling approach to retrieve downwelling surface radiative fluxes from CloudSat/CALIPSO observations for any given land-based point-of-interest (POI) in polar regions. The method comprises a spatial correction that allows to increase the distance between satellite footprint and POI in order to raise the satellite sampling frequency. Sampling frequency is enhanced on average from only two unique satellite overpasses each month for limited-distance sampling <10 km from the POI, to 35 satellite overpasses for the smart sampling approach. This reduces the root-mean-square errors on monthly mean flux estimates compared to ground-based measurements from 23 W m-2 to 10 W m-2 (LW) and from 43 W m-2 to 14 W m-2 (SW). The added value of the smart sampling approach is shown to be largest on finer temporal resolutions, where limited-distance sampling suffers from severely limited sampling frequencies. Finally, the methodology is illustrated for Pine Island Glacier (Antarctica) and the Greenland northern interior, remote areas where few ground-based observations are available yet where important climatic changes have been recently reported, to yield 5-day moving average timeseries of downwelling LW and SW fluxes. We conclude that the smart sampling approach may help to reduce the observational gaps that remain in polar regions to further refine the quantification of the polar SEB.
Impacts of marine instability across the East Antarctic Ice Sheet on Southern Ocean dynamics
Authors: Phipps Steven J. , Fogwill Christopher J. , Turney Christian S. M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Recent observations and modelling studies have demonstrated the potential for rapid and substantial retreat of large sectors of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). This has major implications for ocean circulation and global sea level. Here we examine the effects of increasing meltwater from the Wilkes Basin, one of the major marine-based sectors of the EAIS, on Southern Ocean dynamics. Climate model simulations reveal that the meltwater flux rapidly stratifies surface waters, leading to a dramatic decrease in the rate of Antarctic Bottom Water formation. The surface ocean cools but, critically, the Southern Ocean warms by more than 1 ºC at depth. This warming is accompanied by a Southern Ocean-wide "domino effect", whereby the warming signal propagates westward with depth. Our results suggest that melting of one sector of the EAIS could result in accelerated warming across other sectors, including the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Thus localised melting of the EAIS could potentially destabilise the wider Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Referees
Authors: - -
Published: May 2016

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Genetic epidemiology / Genetisk epidemiologi
Authors: Bjertness Espen
Published: May 2016

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Students’ Perceptions of the Infrastructural Design and TA-Student Interaction Modes of a College Freshman English Tutorial Program
Authors: Chou Huey-Nah Cindy , Chen Yi-Chen Jenny , Moslehpour Massoud
Published: May 2016

In recent years, higher education institutes in Taiwan are implementing tutorial programs and are recruiting student tutors/teaching assistants (TAs) in an effort to facilitate instructional effectiveness of core subjects. Undoubtedly, infrastructural design and TA quality are two vital aspects for achieving success of the tutorial programs. This study employed research methods of surveys and interviews to examine, from students’ perspectives, effectiveness of a college freshman English tutorial program in terms of its implementation and its TA-student interaction. Results of the study show that, in terms of the tutorial implementation, students were generally satisfied with one-on-one tutoring and convenience of time and location. As for preferred TA-student interaction modes, the students favored collaboration with the TAs for diagnosing and verbalizing their English learning problems. In particular, the students appreciated that the TAs listened attentively to their feelings and problems. Based on the findings, implications for program design and TA training are addressed.
A Watershed Level Economic Analysis of Cellulosic Biofuel Feedstock Production with Consideration of Water Quality
Authors: Moon Jin-Young , Apland Jeffrey , Folle Solomon , Mulla David
Published: May 2016

National policy supports the production of renewable energy from cellulosic feedstocks such as corn stover and switchgrass. These feedstocks have contrasting impacts on water quality. In this study, the regional supply response for cellulosic biofuel from these two feedstocks is estimated for the Le Sueur Watershed in South-Central Minnesota. The impacts of the resulting agricultural production activities on water quality in this northern corn belt watershed are also estimated. The Le Sueur River is a tributary of the Minnesota River, which in turn feeds into the Mississippi. The analysis is conducted with a multi-region, endogenous supply, mathematical programming model of the agriculture sector in the watershed. A unique aspect of the analysis is the spatial detail used in the production model. Results from a previous simulation analysis conducted with the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model are used in the economic model to simulate the effects of the feedstock supply response on water quality in the Le Sueur. Sediment and nutrient losses from corn stover production make switchgrass more promising on environmental grounds, but the relatively high cost of production causes switchgrass to cover only a small part of crop land if farmers have unrestricted choice about how to supply cellulosic feedstocks.
All-inprijs ambtshalve getoetst
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: May 2016

All-inprijs ambtshalve getoetst

De Hoge Raad heeft in zijn arrest van 12 februari 2016 een nieuw hoofdstuk toegevoegd aan de sage over de ‘gratis’ mobiele telefoon. Op 13 juli 2014 maakte de Hoge Raad in het arrest Lindorff/Statia duidelijk dat de verstrekking van een mobiel bij een telefoonabonnement niet gratis is, maar als koop op afbetaling c.q. consumentenkrediet moet worden beschouwd. Op 12 februari 2016 voegt de Hoge Raad toe dat ten aanzien van de koop op afbetaling c.q. het consumentenkrediet ambtshalve moet worden getoetst of de overeenkomst onredelijk bezwarend is jegens de consument. De all-in prijsbepaling is volgens de Hoge Raad een kernbeding.
Cut Drinking Water Arsenic Levels Using Best Removal Strategies
Authors: Odell Lee h.
Published: May 2016

Elevated arsenic levels in groundwater are a major concern worldwide. Although there are no effective cures for the toxic health effects related to high‐level arsenic intake, many technologies can be used to remove high arsenic concentrations from drinking water.
Systemic amyloidosis due to unknown multiple myeloma in small bowel pseudo-obstruction: case report
Authors: Caparrotti Giuseppe , Di Maria Diego , Iovane Elia , Martone Clemente , Graziani Francesco , De Falco Giuseppina , Esposito Daniela , Marotta Claudio , Papa Giuseppina , Orabona Isidoro , Rossetti Davide Albino , Armiento Nicola , Ferrara Gennaro , Pezzella Pasquale
Published: May 2016

Amyloidosis is a pathologic diagnosis characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble protein fibrils in various organs and tissues. There are two main forms of amyloidosis, primary amyloidosis, and secondary amyloidosis. Gastrointestinal involvement is common in both amyloidosis forms. We describe the case of a 78-year-old woman taken to the operating room for small bowel obstruction, found to have pseudo-obstruction and enteritis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed gastric mass and histological examen showed extensive amyloid deposition consistent with amyloidosis. Hematological evaluation revealed unknown multiple myeloma. This case report and literature data suggest to perform a hematological examination in patients with amyloidosis diagnosis to exclude a multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders
How large are the differences between originator and generic prices? Analysis of five molecules in 16 European countries
Authors: Vogler Sabine
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE: To survey the price differences between originators and generics for a selected basket of molecules and to analyze similarities and differences with regard to the countries included and their generic policies. METHODS: Ex-factory prices as of November 2011 of five molecules provided from the Pharma Price Information (PPI) service of the Austrian Health Institute were analyzed for 16 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, UK). The selected molecules were gemcitabine, mycophenolate mofetil, olanzapine, risperidone and sumatriptan. For a specific presentation (same pack size, dosage and pharmaceutical form) of each molecule, the prices of the original product and the “most common generic” as defined by PPI were compared. RESULTS: Considerable variations among the extent of price differences between originator and generic were identified (gemicitabine: lowest price difference of 1.4% between originator and generic in Belgium and highest difference of 73.4% in Portugal; mycophenolate mofetil: 3.4% Norway – 71.7% Netherlands; olanzapine: 0.1% Spain – 97.1% Sweden; risperidone: 0.9% Netherlands – 97.3% UK; sumatriptan: 5.8% Greece – 95.0% Denmark). Further, no difference at all between originator and generic prices was found for some molecules in a few countries (Norway: for 4 of the 5 molecules analyzed; Spain: 3; Belgium: 2; in Austria, France and Greece for one molecule respectively). For the five molecules of the sample, Greece, Spain, Ireland and Norway consistently displayed lower price differences whereas Denmark, Finland and Sweden tended to show higher differences between originator and generic prices. CONCLUSION: Even if this research is illustrative and not representative due to the small sample size, results suggest confirming large differences across Europe. It appears that countries (e.g. Denmark, Sweden) with strong generic policies, particularly based on competition and involving elements of enforcement, tend to have higher differences between originator and generic prices. Further research, notably with a broader basket, is recommended.
Nosographic classification of mood disorders: from symptoms to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Albert Umberto , Aguglia Andrea , Barbaro Francesca , Maina Giuseppe , Bogetto Filippo
Published: May 2016

Mood disorders represent a main health concern, due to their high prevalence in the general population and because they are related to a severe worsening of quality of life and psychosocial functioning of those who are affected. Because of the importance of such diseases, that, according to WHO, might become the major cause of morbidity by 2020, an efficacious, targeted and precise approach is essential in everyday clinical practice. This article reviews the methods of diagnostic approach, with the aim of describing the different phases of nosographic classification of mood disorders and their meaning. In particular, the most reliable classification distinguishes between unipolar (major depressive disorder) and bipolar (type I and II) disorders: the right differential diagnosis is important because there are great differences in the optimal management of these conditions (antidepressants vs. mood stabilizers) and diagnostic errors can potentially worsen the patient’s prognosis. In conclusion, the right nosographic classification allows the right therapeutic and prognostic approach. This may result in higher rates of remission and response, thus improving patient’s quality of life and overall wellness.http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.200
Delta Hepatitis
Authors: Gunsar Fulya
Published: May 2016

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that requires HBsAg for replication and transmission. It can cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Chronic infection with HDV is one of the most severe and difficult to treat forms of viral hepatitis. It has been estimated that there is a total of 15-20 million HDV carriers in the world. This review focuses on two fundamental aspects of HDV infection. On the one hand, epidemiological data are summarized, which are essential to understand the real burden of this disease. After the HBV vaccination programs in many countries all over the world, HDV infection has decreased since 1980’s but this decline has not continued further in the last decade. Therefore, HDV infection is still an important public health problem in the world. On the other hand, therapeutic options are described. Currently, interferons are the only option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta infection, and pegylated-interferons have shown better results than conventional interferons (IFNs). Monotherapy of nucleos(t)ide analogs have been found ineffective against the HDV infection, but adefovir and pegylated-IFN combination therapy have had some advantages for reduction of HBsAg levels. Trials with more potent nucleoside analogs and pegylated-IFN could be effective in the treatment of chronic HDV infection. New agents like prenylation inhibitors, that can affect the interactions between the large HDV antigen and HBsAg in the HDV virion, will be a hope in treatment of HDV infection.
eHealth literacy: a marker for "digital divide" in health information
Authors: Neter Efrat , Brainin Esther
Published: May 2016

eHealth literacy is defined as the use of emerging information and communications technology to improve or enable health and health care. The study examined whether literacy disparities are diminished or enhanced in the search for health information on the Internet.We used a countrywide representative random-digital-dial telephone household survey of the Israeli adult population (18 years and older, N = 4286).Respondents who were highly eHealth literate tended to be younger and more educated than their less eHealth-literate counterparts. They were also more active consumers of all types of information on the Internet, used more search strategies, and scrutinized information more carefully than did the less eHealth-literate respondents. Finally, respondents who were highly eHealth literate gained more positive outcomes from the information search in terms of cognitive, instrumental (self-management of health care needs, health behaviors, and better use of health insurance), and interpersonal (interacting with their physician) gains.The association of eHealth literacy with background attributes indicates that the Internet reinforces existing social differences. The more comprehensive and sophisticated use of the Internet and the subsequent increased gains among the high eHealth literate create new inequalities in the domain of digital health information.http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.281