bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan model permainan bolatangan untuk anak usia sekolah dasar kelas atas
Authors: Abdurrochim Muhamad
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model permainan bolatangan untuk anak sekolah dasar kelas atas. Produk yang dihasilkan CD dan buku. Penelitian ini mencakup tiga tahapan yaitu tahapan validasi kesesuaian dan kualitas model oleh ahli, tahap uji coba skala kecil, dan tahap uji coba skala luas. Penelitian ini dilakukan SD Negeri 1 Petir, SD Negeri 2 Petir, SD Negeri Kembangsari dan MI Sananul Ula, Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner kesesuaian model dan respon siswa terhadap permainan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para ahli dan guru menilai produk telah sesuai. Pandangan siswa, 100% permainan dapat dilakukan, menyenangkan dan dapat membuat anak menjadi senang bergerak, 90,82% memberikan tanggapan bahwa permainan mudah dilakukan, 96,94% dapat memahami peraturan dengan baik, 93,88% siswa taat pada peraturan yang berlaku, 10.20% siswa mengalami kesulitan, 98,98% siswa merasa suka dengan peralatan yang digunakan, 95,92% dapat melakukan kerjasama, dan 6,74 % merasa takut melakukan permainan yang diajarkan.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Bolatangan, Sekolah Dasar Kelas Atas DEVELOPMENT OF HANDBALL GAME MODEL TO UPPER CLASS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDRENAbstractThis research aimed to develop a hand ball game model to upper class elementary school children. The product result is form guide and CD. This research included of three phase were stability and quality of the model by expert phase, small-scale phase, and large-scale pahse. This research conduct in elementary school 1 petir, elementary school 2 petir, elementary school kembangsari and MI sananul Ula. The instruments that use were the suitability of the model and the response of students to the game questionnaire. The results showed that the experts and teachers assess product matches. 100% the game can be done, fun and can make children be happy moving, 90,82% provide responses that the game is easy to do, 96, 94 % can understand the rules very well, 93,88% Students obedient to regulations, 10. 20% students have difficulty, 98,98%  students feel a liking equipment used, 95. 92% cooperation can do and 6,74 % feared the games taught.Keywords: development, handball, elementary school upper-class
CD40 in Retinal Müller Cells Induces P2X7-Dependent Cytokine Expression in Macrophages/Microglia in Diabetic Mice and Development of Early Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Portillo Jose-Andres C. , Lopez Corcino Yalitza , Miao Yanling , Tang Jie , Sheibani Nader , Kern Timothy S. , Dubyak George R. , Subauste Carlos S.
Published: July 2016

Müller cells and macrophages/microglia are likely important for the development of diabetic retinopathy; however, the interplay between these cells in this disease is not well understood. An inflammatory process is linked to the onset of experimental diabetic retinopathy. CD40 deficiency impairs this process and prevents diabetic retinopathy. Using mice with CD40 expression restricted to Müller cells, we identified a mechanism by which Müller cells trigger proinflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells. During diabetes, mice with CD40 expressed in Müller cells upregulated retinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), developed leukostasis and capillary degeneration. However, CD40 did not cause TNF-α or IL-1β secretion in Müller cells. TNF-α was not detected in Müller cells from diabetic mice with CD40+ Müller cells. Rather, TNF-α was upregulated in macrophages/microglia. CD40 ligation in Müller cells triggered phospholipase C–dependent ATP release that caused P2X7-dependent production of TNF-α and IL-1β by macrophages. P2X7−/− mice and mice treated with a P2X7 inhibitor were protected from diabetes-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, and NOS2 upregulation. Our studies indicate that CD40 in Müller cells is sufficient to upregulate retinal inflammatory markers and appears to promote experimental diabetic retinopathy and that Müller cells orchestrate inflammatory responses in myeloid cells through a CD40-ATP-P2X7 pathway.
Social Structure and Language Structure: the New Nomothetic Approach
Authors: Roberts Seán , Winters James
Published: July 2016

Recent studies have taken advantage of newly available, large-scale, cross-linguistic data and new statistical techniques to look at the relationship between language structure and social structure. These ‘nomothetic’ approaches contrast with more traditional approaches and a tension is observed between proponents of each method. We review some nomothetic studies and point out some challenges that must be overcome. However, we argue that nomothetic approaches can contribute to our understanding of the links between social structure and language structure if they address these challenges and are taken as part of a body of mutually supporting evidence. Nomothetic studies are a powerful tool for generating hypotheses that can go on to be corroborated and tested with experimental and theoretical approaches. These studies are highlighting the effect of interaction on language.
Diffusion of Linguistic Innovation as Social Coordination
Authors: Paradowski Michał B. , Jonak Łukasz
Published: July 2016

Linguistic creativity is a manifestation of communities’ and cultures’ innovativeness. The initial results will be presented of an empirical project analysing the character and speed of the social spread of winged words and neologisms in a microblogging site, using the tools of social network analysis applied to big-scale data. Investigating the diffusion of linguistic innovation requires an approach pooling competences from human, social, and computational sciences. Such a complex systems perspective can lead to a deeper understanding of how mutual relations and communication between Internet users impact the cultural evolution of language in time and space, and the shape and dynamics of the interactions themselves, delivering quantitative estimates on the expansion of linguistic expressions and allowing the prediction of future trends and their scale.
Consequences Of Linguistic Frame Switching: Cognitive And Motivational Shifts In Bilingual Tunisians
Authors: Boski Paweł , Youssef Katarzyna Iben
Published: July 2016

Bilingualism and biculturalism are of growing importance in the world today and of increasing research interest in social sciences. Since the seminal paper by Hong et al. (2000), researchers have explored cognitive consequences of cultural and/or linguistic frame switching on cognitive functioning, mainly causal attributions (Benet-Martinez et al., 2002). It was repeatedly found that when primed by either Chinese or Americans symbols, bicultural Chinese-Americans would act as monoculturals on each side of their hyphenated identity. Paradoxical effects of conflicting bicultural identity were also reported (Benet-Martinez, Haritatos 2005). Boski (2008) extended the arguments built on a particular cultural mix of Chinese-Americans category and the analytic - holistic cognitive divide, to other groups and to axiological domains among Polish-Americans. In the current study, bilingual Tunisians of two generations were asked questions pertaining to values entrenched in their immediate cultural milieu and about those reflecting their personal convictions. Also, they answered questions about their readiness to act according to extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, as well as about conflicts between these two tendencies. Language (Arabic vs. French) was the key contrasting variable in our study. The findings clearly demonstrated that when using the French language, participants of both generations became not only less extrinsic but also less intrinsic in their motivations based on the local Arabic culture. However, the degree of conflict between these two motivational tendencies became stronger among participants using French as a tool for communication. This research demonstrates the power of cultural representations based on language and adds to the arguments falsifying naïve beliefs in “perfect translations”.
The Study of Language and Conversation with Recurrence Analysis Methods
Authors: Leonardi Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

In the last decade we witness an increase in approaching issues in language, and more generally, cognition, from a dynamical standpoint. This theoretical shift necessitates new research methods and statistical / analytical tools. Some of these tools gain popularity and are being applied to language in many of its multifaceted perspectives. Recurrence analysis is one of those methods. Its relative simplicity of application and quite unconstrained statistical assumptions give researchers an insight into the dynamical nature of the phenomena under scrutiny. The aim of this paper is an introduction to this method, a review of its convincing applications in the language research on several levels of language analysis and finally, a reflection on its possible further uses.
Pedestrian Representation Through the Analysis of Little Stories
Authors: Gaymard Sandrine
Published: July 2016

This research is concerned with the problem of pedestrians as vulnerable road users. It falls within the study of social representations and risk. In this study, the representation of pedestrians by both young and experienced drivers was analyzed. A questionnaire of eleven little stories was devised and used to contextualize the environment more clearly. The participants had to make up an ending for the story according to their own behavior or feelings in each situation. Multiple correspondence analysis via the categorization of the verbatim accounts reveals homogeneity in the reactions and feelings of both groups. This homogeneity reflects the importance of civil attitudes in situations of interaction since they call on the notion of “respect.” Finally, the qualitative approach of the little stories highlights the place of emotions in specific driver-pedestrian interaction contexts.
An Exploratory Study of the Perception of Ingroup Communication Relative to Social Representation Objects
Authors: Wachelke Joao , Demantova Aline , Guisso Luciane
Published: July 2016

Although social representations theory often assumes that communication is a condition for the existence of social representations, research rarely assesses related properties. The study aims at characterizing the perception of ingroup communication relative to topics that are potential social representation objects for a sample of Brazilian undergraduates. The participants completed single-item Likert scales assessing twelve social objects in three communication dimensions: perception of frequency of ingroup communication, perceived importance of ingroup opinion and estimated agreement with ingroup opinion. One-sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs were carried out to compare the score of each topic with the dimension means and among themselves. The results showed that objects such as university course and friendship had high scores in all three dimensions and are suitable objects for basic research when communication assumptions are considered. The discussion addresses the need for preliminary characterization to assess the group-object relationship in social representations research.
Narrative Identity in Late Adulthood
Authors: Cierpka Anna
Published: July 2016

Narrative identity is recognized as a process and viewed in dynamic terms, as an entity subject to constant changes in the course of one’s life. It is assumed that an increasing need to make changes in one’s history of life emerges in middle adulthood. A generative script is revealed, containing a plan to become part of the lives of future generations. The process of creative integration of one’s life story may gather momentum in late adulthood, when individuals explore their identity in the context of their life’s work. In order to test the above assumptions, narratives of participants aged 65-80 years who were wives/mothers/grandmothers or husbands/fathers/grandfathers during their lives were analyzed. Six main themes characteristic of life stories in late adulthood were identified, along with groups of traits, behaviors and values which participants wished to pass on to subsequent generations. The narratives clearly featured a generative motivation and the need to integrate one’s story.
Language and Identity: a Rhetorical Analysis of Palestinian-Israeli Writers’ Language
Authors: Margolin Bruria
Published: July 2016

Palestinian-Israeli literature is the literature of a minority that is in a state of political and cultural conflict with the Jewish majority. Thus, Palestinian literature has no clear-cut definition in Israel and is not considered part of the canon of Hebrew literature. To be considered legitimate by the Jewish majority, Palestinian-Israeli writers must disguise their political and cultural conflict with the majority culture and refrain from creating literature that is stereotyped or socially engaged. This article examines the rhetorical devices Palestinian-Israeli writers use to convey their emotions and attitudes toward the Jewish majority without expressing these overtly.
Association of altered thyroid function and prolactin level in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Mustari Marufa , Hasanat MA , Hasan Qamrul , Tuqan Sadiqa , Emran Md Shah , Aktar Nazma , Banu Hurjahan , Fariduddin Md
Published: July 2016

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder for female with fertile age. Along with other clinical and biochemical manifestations, thyroid function and prolactin level may be altered in patients with PCOS. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical status, as well as alteration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL) level in patients with PCOS. Present study comprised of 100 diagnosed PCOS patients according to revised Rotterdem Consensus criteria. All patients were studied for serum testosterone, LH (lutenizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), blood glucose, lipid profile as well as TSH, FT4 (free thyroxin) and prolactin level. Out of 100 PCOS patients 97 had hirsutism, 64 had acanthosis nigricans, where menstrual irregularities were in 94 patients. Diastolic blood pressure (74±1.1 vs. 77±0.9, mmHg; p=0.017), total cholesterol (163±5.3 vs. 193±6.2 mg/dl; p<0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL, 104±3.7 vs. 124±4.9 mg/dl; p=0.002) and frequency of acanthosis (25% vs. 75%; p<0.001) were significantly higher among the patients having BMI>25 Kg/m2 than those of have ? 25 Kg/m2. Among the fertile women (n=53), 47% had primary and 41.5% had secondary infertility; whereas of the total patients, 21% had altered thyroid function and 6.1% had raised prolactin (PRL, ng/ml) level. Differences of TSH (4.1±3.6 vs. 3.5±6.8, mIU/L; p=0.725) was not significant; whereas level of PRL (13.87±6.9vs. 9.4±5.2 ng/ml; p=0.018) was significantly higher in the group of primary infertility. Hirsutism, menstrual disturbance and acanthosis were very common in PCOS. Both primary and secondary sterility were also commonly observed and PRL was higher in primary infertility. About one fifth of PCOS had altered thyroid function.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 1-5
Infections during high dose methotrexate therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Mosleh Taskina , Zahan Gulsan Ara , Khan Md Kamrul Ahsan , Islam Afiqul
Published: July 2016

High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy is an effective therapy for childhood ALL, which is frequently associated with side effects like infection in our centre. It prolongs hospital stay, delays chemotherapy and causes more economic burden on patients.This study was done to identify the incidence, risk factors and severity of infection among children with ALL during HDMTX therapy.This prospective observational study was conducted among 50 patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemiascheduled to receive HDMTX at the Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology of BSMMU. It was carried out from January 2012 to June 2012.The end result showed, 19 (38%) patients su_ered from infection; among them microbiologically documented infections found in 9 occasions, where gram negative bacilli - E.coli 4(44.4%) & Pseudomonas 3(33.33%) were predominant organisms. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was the most common site (8,42.11%).The rate of infection is significantly higher in children <5 yrs(78.94%). Mortality rate was 6%. As the infection and case fatality rate is quite high with HDMTX therapy, we recommend to use this drug with caution.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 6-13
Patient perception on precipitating or aggravating factors for acne
Authors: Snigdha Kaniz Shahali Reza , Zakaria ASM , Bhuiyan Mohammed Saiful Islam , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Islam Menhazul , Rahman Selina , Haque AKM Rejaul , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur
Published: July 2016

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous glands which is an aesthetically unpleasant and embarrassing condition. Certain factors can precipitate or aggravate this condition. This study was done to identify factors believed by the patients that can precipitate or aggravate acne in our population. One hundred (100) patients with acne attending the Dermatology & Venereology outpatient Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from April 2014 to September 2014 were enrolled for the study. Patients were enquired about factors which aggravated or precipitated their acne by using a structured questionnaire and recorded for statistical analysis. Female patients (65%) and students (50%) suffered more from acne. Younger patients were more affected by the condition (56%). Use of topical steroid 32%, exposure to sunlight 23%, cosmetics 24%, stressful events, food 14%, skin pricking 16%, premenstrual period and dry weather 7% were found to be responsible for acne aggravation in those participants. Acne is more predominant in female patients and in younger age group who are more concerned with their cosmetic disfigurement. Prevention can be a good option if we can meticulously identify the aggravating factors.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 31-35
Outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with history of open renal surgery - a comparative study with PCNL in primary patients
Authors: Hossain Faruk , Rassell Md , Rahman Selina , Ahmed Tanvir , Alim Md Abdul , Hossain Tohid Mohammad Saiful , Rahman Md Habibur , Alam AKM Khurshidul
Published: July 2016

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients operated previously for renal stone are thought to pose some difficulties. This study was carried out to compare the outcome of PCNL in patients who had undergone open surgery for renal stone with the outcome in primary patients. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of Nov 2012 to Oct 2013. Sixty patients with renal stone admitted in urology department were selected of which 30 cases were with recurrent stone having previous open renal stone surgery (group I - study group) and another 30 were primary patients without previous surgery for renal stone disease (group II - control). After PCNL all the patients were followed at one week, one month and three months after procedure. Mean ages of Group I and Group II were 40.90 ± 6.08 years and 44.10 ± 9.91 years respectively. Mean stone size of the respondents in Group I was 2.98 ± 0.65 cm and in Group II was 3.03 ± 0.67 cm. Mean operation time of the respondents in Group I and Group II were 1.50 ± 0.46 and 1.52 ± 0.33 hours respectively. Mean post-operative hospital stay of the respondents in Group I was 3.87 ± 1.13 days and Group II was 3.67 ± 0.60 days. Stone was cleared from 29 (96.7%) patients in Group I and 28 (93.3%) patients in Group II. Mean drop of Haemoglobin level were 0.85 ± 0.55 mg/dl and 0.94 ± 0.52 gm/dl in group I and group II respectively. It was evident from the study that previous open stone surgery does not alter the outcome of subsequent PCNL.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 36-39
Changing teaching through formative assessment: A Review
Authors: Paul Bijoy Kumer , Sarkar Sajuti , Nandi Subir , Alim Md Abdul , Biswas Sunil Kumar , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur
Published: July 2016

The existence of a plethora of empirical evidence documenting the improvement of educational outcomes through the use of formative assessment is conventional wisdom within education. In reality, a limited body of scientifically based empirical evidence exists to support that formative assessment directly contributes to positive educational outcomes. The use of formative assessments, or other diagnostic efforts within classrooms, provides information that should help facilitate improved pedagogical practices and instructional outcomes. However, a review of the formative assessment literature revealed that there is no agreed upon lexicon with regard to formative assessment and suspect methodological approaches in the efforts to demonstrate positive effects that could be attributed to formative assessments. Thus, the purpose of this article was two-fold. First, the authors set out to clarify the terminology related to formative assessment and its usage. Finally, the article provides a critical analysis of the seminal literature on formative assessment.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 47-53
Wilson disease in a Bangladeshi child: A case report
Authors: Akhter Shamima , Kabir Md Showkat , Majumder Shibendu , Ferdousy Sultana Amena , Enamullah CAHM , Chowdhury Nirupam , Gaffar Faria
Published: July 2016

Wilson disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration results from improper metabolism of copper due to deficiency or low level of caeruloplasmin which causes excessive accumulation of copper in liver, brain, eyes and different organs. This is not a curable disease. The patient needs a lifelong treatment but early diagnosis can prevent significant damage to the critical organs. This article presents a case study on Wilson disease and the role of radiology in helping to diagnose the disease and monitor patients with this condition.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 54-56
The unspoken reminisces of a medical intern
Authors: Sabbir ASM
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 57-58
Obituary News Vol 45(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2016 Jan; 45 (1): 60
Role of intensive rehabilitation in spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Md Shahadat , Islam Md Jahidul , Asaduzzaman SM , Rahman Sohely
Published: July 2016

Cerebral palsy is the most common childhood disability with a prevalence of 1.5 to 3 per 1000 live births. Spasticity is one of the common features of cerebral palsy as it contributes to limitations in body structure and function, leading to deformity. The treatment of cerebral palsy is multifactorial. In this study we find out the efficacy of intensive rehabilitation in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. This observational study was conducted over 30 patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.The patient satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria was randomly enrolled in this study. They received intensive rehabilitation 1 hour daily five times a week for 24 weeks. All patients were followed up at 4 weeks interval and were evaluated for a total of 24 weeks. Intensive rehabilitation is effective in reducing tone in spastic cerebral palsy by using Modified ashworth scale (p<0.05). Intensive rehabilitation is also effective in joint angle improvement in spastic cerebral palsy measured by physician rating scale crouch (p<0.05) and foot contact, (p<0.05) and also improvement in gross motor function (p<0.05). For reduction of generalized spasticity regarding muscle tone, range of motion of the joint and improvement of gait in cerebral palsy patients, intensive rehabilitation may be used.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 61-65
Attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among the female doctors of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Khatun Sabera , Ferdous Noor E , Sharmin Farzana , Akhter Latifa , Keya Kashfia Ahmed
Published: July 2016

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Bangladesh, in spite of having established screening program. This cross-sectional study was performedin Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2012- June2013 to determine the attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among 401 female doctors of BSMMU. All the information was collected in a structured questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS version: 17.0. About 40.9% of female doctors had good knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and 80.8percent of female doctors did not ever have a screening test. The less the participants age, poor knowledge score and participants having only graduate degree, the less was the practice of cervical cancer screening(P<0.05 the women studied here demonstrated a very low coverage of the screening test inspite of having good knowledge regarding its utility. Improving the awareness and self motivation is imperative for better implementation of cervical cancer screening program in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 66-71
Serum homocysteine level in male smokers of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Shamima , Akhter Qazi Shamima , Karim Fayeza , Hossain Mir Jakib , Yeasmin Tania
Published: July 2016

Smoking may cause atherosclerosis and acute cardiovascular events and hyperhomocystenemia may found in smokers that play a vital role in development of atherosclerosis and acute cardiovascular events. The present cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka between July 2013 to June 2014 to assess the serum homocysteine (Hcy) level in male smokers. A total number of 200 male subjects were selected with age ranging from 20 to 40 years. Among them, 100 male smokers were included in the study group (Group B) and 100 male non-smokers of same age ranging were considered as controls (Group A). Detailed smoking and medical history was taken regarding drug intake and general examinations were done. The mean serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in adult male smoker than that of adult male non smoker (p < 0.001). This study concludes that serum homocysteine level increases in male smokers which may act as risk factor for future cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 72-74
Incidence of immediate adverse reaction of blood donation
Authors: Rahman Atiar , Bhuiyan Md Zillur Rahman , Dey Bishnu Pada , Rasell Md
Published: July 2016

Transfusion of blood and blood components saved millions of lives each year. In most developing countries, however, preventable deaths still occur due to inadequate supply of safe blood and blood components which can be minimize by blood donation. In Bangladesh the annual demand for blood transfusion is estimated to be 2,00,000 to 2,50,000 unit per year. But due to lack of voluntary donor and consciousness among people this demand is hardly met. Because blood donors are altruistic volunteers, they should be protected as much as possible by the pre-donation counseling. This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of transfusion medicine in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from February 2010 to january 2011 with the intention to see the immediate adverse reactions after blood donation. 1,500 patients were selected consecutively after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Adverse reaction were observed during and 30 minutes following blood donation. Among the total 1500 respondents, 394 cases experienced adverse effects of blood donation namely; vertigo (9.7%), sweating and warmness (5.0%), bruising (3.0%), nausea (6.3%) and fainting (2.3%). careful monitoring of all blood donors after donation and counseling of adverse effect before donation is important.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 75-78
Association of obesity with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women
Authors: Yeasmin Nahid , Hossain Mir Jakib , Hossain Iqbal , Akther Qazi Shamima
Published: July 2016

Incidence of obesity among postmenopausal women is increasing throughout the world, leading to life threatening medical problem like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Estrogen deficiency that develops during menopause is likely the etiological factors for development of abdominal obesity. Increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women may be due to abdominal obesity caused by lower level of estrogen hormone. The study was carried out to observe the association of obesity with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of 90 female subjects were selected from different areas of Dhaka city. Among them, 60 postmenopausal women with age ranging from 50 to 60 years were taken as study group and 30 apparently healthy premenopausal women with age ranging from 20 to 30 years were included as control group for comparison. Waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in both groups. Serum estrogen level was estimated in order to assess the hormonal level of postmenopausal women. The value of waist circumference was higher in postmenopausal women than those of premenopausal women and result was statistically non significant. Body mass index value was significantly (p<0.001) higher in postmenopausal women in comparison to those of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women serum estrogen level was lower than premenopausal women and serum estrogen level showed negative correlation with waist circumference and body mass index values. All these correlations were statistically non significant. Present study revealed that there is association of obesity with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 79-84
Distribution of indications for blood transfusion among the patients of Faridpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Tonmoy , Biswas Sunil Kumar , Rassell Md , Alim Md Abdul
Published: July 2016

For more than a century, blood transfusion is recognized as an important contributor to patients outcome. This study was focused on frequent indications of reported blood transfusions. This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted in Faridpur, Bangladesh among the 719 patients from April, 2013 to July 2013. 30% had non-hemorrhagic anemia, 21% had intra or post-partum hemorrhage, 7% were undergoing haemodialysis, 6% had thalassemia, 4% had trauma, 2% had non-hematological cancer, 1% had leukemia and the rest had other causes. Middle age group and female patients required more transfusions. Moreover, conservative managements required more blood transfusion rather than surgical. However, Patients receiving a blood transfusion are at risk of increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay in hospital & ICU.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 85-89
Effect of conventional diuretics versus conventional diuretics plus mannitol on electrolytes for the treatment of cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Alam Md Jamshed , Ashraf Mohammad Shahed , Aktar Mst Nurunnahar , Sharmin Sadia , Das Dulal Chandra , Ferdoushi Sheuly , Sarker Md Jahangir Alam
Published: July 2016

Ascites is the most frequent finding of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Mannitol may be used with conventional diuretics for increase urinary volume for the treatment of cirrhotic ascites. This case control study was done in the Department of Medicine, Sere-Bangla Medical College &Hospital, Barisal from July 2009 to June 2011. No electrolyte imbalance was seen by conventional diuretics plus mannitol for the treatment of cirrhotic ascites. Mannitol did not causee lectrolyte imbalance & may be used with conventional diuretics for the treatment of cirrhotic ascites as it increased the urinary volume.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 90-93
Evaluation of effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the basis of stone density as measured by computed tomography (CT) in patients with renal stone
Authors: Rahman Selina , Hossain Faruk , Islam Md Nazrul , Karim Md Enayet , Hossain Iqbal , Sultana Tahera , Mostafa Syeda Nazlee
Published: July 2016

Renal stone or urolithiasis is the third most common disease of the urinary tract. ESWL has become the preferred treatment for renal calculi of <2 cm in diameter except in lower calyx. CT with non enhancement by contrast medium has long been used clinically to evaluate substance density in Hounsfield units (HU) to distinguish calculi from calci_cations, tumors and blood clots. Present study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of ESWL on the basis of stone density as measured by CT scan in patients with renal stone. This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2014 to September, 2015 in the Department of Radiology & Imaging and Department of Urology, BSMMU. Sixty patients presented with renal stone with an age group of 18 years and above in both sexes who were attended in the OPD were included as study population. Patients were divided into two groups based on HU: patients having HU<900 were belonged to Group-A and HU?900 were belonged to Group-B. Mean (SD) stone density among the respondents in Group A was 717 (76) HU and in Group B was 1091 (99) HU. Mean (SD) shockwaves needed in Group A and Group B were 2590 (223) and 3000 (132) respectively. In group A, 10 (38.5%), 13 (50.0%) and 3 (11.5%) patients needed 1, 2 and 3 session respectively for complete clearance of stone whereas in group B, 1 (11.1%), 3 (33.3%) and 5 (55.6%) patients needed 1, 2 and 3 session respectively for complete clearance of stone. This study concluded that Hounsfield units (HUs) measurement of urinary calculi on pre-treatment non-contrast CT predicts the stone fragmentation rate after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 94-97
Osteoporosis: A preventable silent killer but not well addressed
Authors: Patwary Md Ismail , Bari Mohammad Zabed Jillul , Isha Ishrat Tahsin
Published: July 2016

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density, micro-architectural deterioration of the bone tissue, enhanced bone fragility and increasing susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is an important public health problem leading to an increased risk of developing spontaneous and traumatic fractures. It is a silent disease until it is complicated by fractures that can occur following minimal trauma. These fractures are common and place an enormous medical and personal burden on individuals during aging and a major economic toll on the nation. To reduce the burden high-risk patients must be identified, evaluated for factors contributing to skeletal fragility, and should be treated to reduce fracture risk. Osteoporosis is a preventable disease and can be diagnosed and treated before any fracture occurs. Importantly, even after the first fracture has occurred, there are effective treatments to decrease the risk of further fractures. Both Pharmacologic and non- pharmacological interventions can reduce the risk for fracture in appropriately selected patients, with a generally favorable safety profile.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 101-109
Wilsons disease presenting as acute hepatic failure: A case report
Authors: Rashid Harun Or , Das Dulal Chandra , Mahtab Mamun Al , Begum Rokshana , Hossain Sharker Mohammad Shahadat , Roy Partho Protim , Rahman Salimur
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 110-112
MOYAMOYA disease-two case reports
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Benzamin Md , Kundu Nripen Kumar , Roy Subrota Kumar , Hossain Md Nasir , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akter Shaheen
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 113-117
Frequently asked questions for safe fasting in Ramadan : How to adjust drugs?
Authors: Fariduddin M , Chowdhury MA Jalil
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 118-119
Emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saha B , Bal M
Published: July 2016

Indiscriminate and wide spread use of antibiotics has lead to the development of multi-drug-resistant strains of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Information regarding increase (in percentage) of existing resistance as well as emergence of new resistance to different antibiotics used for staphylococcal infections are insufficient. This study explores a comparative analysis of growing resistance to different antibiotics mainly ampicillin, methicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin and vancomycin against S. aureus isolated from Kolkata hospitals during two phases. During first phase (126) and second phase (67) non-repeat clinical strains of S. aureus obtained from different hospitals of Kolkata were identified by standard biochemical methods. However, PCR amplification of nuc gene and rDNA was also performed for identification of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Disc Agar Diffusion tests and mecA was identified by PCR. Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance pattern of the strains isolated during two phases showed significant difference (p=0.05) with 75% increase of resistance to erythromycin followed by 30% increase to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin with the appearance of vancomycin resistance. Gentamicin and methicillin resistance have increased by 22% and 7% respectively. On the other hand, mecA was obtained by PCR from vancomycin resistant S. aureus strain, which was also resistant to methicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. This study reveals tremendous increase of resistance to erythromycin and a remarkable increase to other antibiotics with emergence of multidrug- resistant clinical strains of S. aureus. This trend in increasing resistance to the commonly used antibiotics against S. aureus cannot be controlled until and unless antibiotics are used more prudently.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 1-6
Hematological profile of wild-captured Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MB , Islam MN , Yasin MG , Hassan MM , Islam SKMA , Khan SA
Published: July 2016

The current study was conducted to examine hematological parameters of large frugivorous bats under the class mammalian. Ninety (90) clinically healthy large frugivorous bats were captured and anesthetized for blood collection from brachial vein. Captured bats were divided into three groups based on different criteria such as sex, age and body condition score. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrits (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDWs), white blood cell (WBC) count, platelets (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) were determined by automated hematology analyzer and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined manually. RBC and MCV values were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in male bats. On the other hand, the RBC count, HCT, Hb, RDWs and PLT were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in adults than in juveniles bats. Among the health state RBC, HCT and PLT values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in good-health bats. However, some values were varied in different groups, but they were not statistically significant (p >0.05). The values from this study can be used to create reference of hematological profile of bat found in Indian subcontinent, and can make up the first comprehensive hematological study for this highly endangered species.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 12-17
Quantitive Study on Some Aspect of Occipital Area in Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Uddin M , Hossain ME , Islam MS , Hossain MB , Islam KN
Published: July 2016

This study was planned to investigate some aspects of the morphometric characteristics of the occipital bone and foramen megnum in domestic cat (Felis catus). Twenty adult domestic cat including 10 males and 10 female cats were euthanized using diazepam (@ 20 mg/kg) and their skulls were macerated to give morphometric parameters. Student t-test with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) was used to analyze the obtained values. The height of occipital triangle, width of occipital condyles, width of jugular process were significantly larger in male than female. The mean height and width of the foramen magnum were 1.32 ± 0.09 cm and 1.35 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, while the foramen index was below 100 at 90.72 ± 4.93. Parameters for the foramen magnum index showed significant difference between both sexes at p < 0.05. The foramen magnum showed shape variations and there were multiple hypoglossal foramina in over 80% of the cats. The morphometric values of the occipital bone and foramen magnum and clinical anatomy of the occipital region of the domestic cats provide an important baseline for further research in this field and could help in the better diagnosis, classification, and treatment of diseases related to this region and serve as a future reference defining an anatomic range.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 18-21
Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Backyard Chickens at Gazipur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MB , Islam MZ , Bari MS , Torab MA , Mondal MAH
Published: July 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) in backyard chickens at Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Individual serum sample was collected from clinically healthy and non-immunized backyard chickens in four randomly selected upazilla (Sreepur, Kapasia, Kaliakor and Gazipur sadar) under Gazipur district. A total of two hundred samples (50 from each upazila) were collected from October 2009 to February 2010. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test was used to determine titer of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. The mean log2 HI titer to NDV in blood sera of the study population were found 5.54, 6.25, 4.38, 5.32 and seroprevalence were 42.53%, 45.99%, 31.91%, and37.82% in Sreepur, Kapasia, Kaliakor and Gazipur sadar upazilas respectively. The overall antibody titer and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus was recorded 5.37 and 39.56% respectively. Further detailed study focusing on Newcastle Disease (ND) virus strain identification and improved management packages to reduce the prevalence of Newcastle Disease (ND) are recommended.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 22-25
TAP Block in Postoperative Analgesia, A First Time Clinical Trial In Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Bidhan , Banik Debashis , Alam AKM Shamsul
Published: July 2016

Background: In perioperative care, a reliable pain management is a vital appeal. Over recent years, Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is introduced as an important component of multimodal analgesia.Objective: To evaluate efficacy of TAP block in postoperative analgesia for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with subarachnoid block (SAB) in comparison of morphine consumption and VAS score.Methods: 60 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups (TAP group-A & control group-B). Standard SAB was applied to all patients for elective TAH. Immediate after operation classical TAP block was performed through both Lumber Triangle Of Petit (LTOP) of group A patients. Both groups were placed in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), arranged a common standard postoperative analgesic regimen for all, observed periodically and documented it accordingly in pre-designed data sheet.Results: TAP block prolonged the mean time of 1st required I/V morphine (TAP vs control, mean±SD 271.23±40.34 vs 195.33±22.16 min., p=0.001HS). Morphine requirement was also reduced (17.4±5.4 vs 26.2±4.4 mg, p=0.001HS). Pain VAS scores at rest and movement were also reduced at all time period (p? 0.01 to 0.001). There was no complication attributed to the TAP block.Conclusion: TAP block provided considerably effective postoperative analgesia in first 24 hours after major abdominal surgery like TAH.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 3-11
Mass Casualty in A Building Collapse: Techniques of Anaesthesia in Mass Casualty Management (Rana Plaza Collapse at Savar, Bangladesh)
Authors: Murshed Hasan , Islam Atiqul , Sarder Atiqul Hoque
Published: July 2016

Background: Management of mass casualties in a disaster like situation needs much of discussion. Proper planning and preparation can markedly change the mortality and morbidity following these events. Similarly right use of special skill of anesthesiologists in the management of mass casualty is of immense value.Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate general injury profile, pattern of operations and anesthesia performed during mass casualty management of patients treated in the department of Anesthesia and Intensive care unit of Combined Military Hospitals, Savar.Methods: This study retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 155 patients files registered by many different doctors. We used discharge diagnosis, and when available objective x-ray or CT scan used for verification of fractures.Results: Among 431 patients reported to emergency and casualty department, 407 (94.431%) is admitted to hospital. Among 431 patients only 155 (35.962%) is treated in the department of Anesthesia and Intensive care. Among 155 patients of ICU, most of the injuries were blunt trauma soft tissue, rest of the injuries were fractures, head injuries, crush injuries etc, which accounts 95 (61.29%) patients. Majority of surgical procedure included wound debridment, fasciotomy, amputation and external fixation; constituted 51(33%) patients. 132(84%) surgical procedure performed under TIVA with ketamine, 22 (15%) under different regional techniques and only one patient received general anesthesia.Conclusion: Bangladesh is situated in a seismically active zone; fortunately no major earthquake has striken since 1940. Accelerated urbanization and high population densities in all cities are increasing the vulnerability of Bangladesh to catastrophic number of death and injuries. Ninety percent of casualties after earthquake result directly from the collapse of buildings in urban areas. The special skills of the anesthesiologist are of tremendous value in contributing mass casualty management in ICU and operating room. Our study concludes that surgical services can be maximized with the judicious and intelligent use of ketamine and regional anesthetic technique; rather than general anesthesia. Definitely it has strong value in maximizing use of scare resource in country like Bangladesh.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 12-16
The Challenge of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Patient Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Banik Debabrata , Banik Shibani , Mondal Montosh Kumar
Published: July 2016

Abstract not availableJournal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 24-26