bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Registration Method for Airborne and Vehicle LiDAR Point Cloud
Authors: Cheng Liang , Wu Yang , Tong Lihua , Chen Yanming , Li Manchun
Published: October 2015

A new hierarchical method for the automatic registration of airborne and vehicle light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is proposed, using three-dimensional (3D) road networks and 3D building contours. Firstly, 3D road networks are extracted from airborne LiDAR data and then registered with vehicle trajectory lines. During the registration of airborne road networks and vehicle trajectory lines, a network matching rate is introduced for the determination of reliable transformation matrix. Then, the RIMM (reversed iterative mathematic morphological) method and a height value accumulation method are employed to extract 3D building contours from airborne and vehicle LiDAR data, respectively. The Rodriguez matrix and collinearity equation are used for the determination of conjugate building contours. Based on this, a rule is defined to determine reliable conjugate contours, which are finally used for the fine registration of airborne and vehicle LiDAR data. The experiments show that the coarse registration method with 3D road networks can contribute to a reliable initial registration result, and the fine registration using 3D building contours obtains a final registration result with high reliability and geometric accuracy.
Semantic Decomposition and Reconstruction of Compound Buildings with Symmetric Roofs from LiDAR Data and Aerial Imagery
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Zhang Wuming , Chen Yiming , Chen Mei , Yan Kai
Published: October 2015

3D building models are important for many applications related to human activities in urban environments. However, due to the high complexity of the building structures, it is still difficult to automatically reconstruct building models with accurate geometric description and semantic information. To simplify this problem, this article proposes a novel approach to automatically decompose the compound buildings with symmetric roofs into semantic primitives by exploiting local symmetry contained in the building structure. In this approach, the proposed decomposition allows the overlapping of neighbor primitives and each decomposed primitive can be represented as a parametric form, which simplify the complexity of the building reconstruction and facilitate the integration of LiDAR data and aerial imagery into a parameters optimization process. The proposed method starts by extracting isolated building regions from the LiDAR point clouds. Next, point clouds belonging to each compound building are segmented into planar patches to construct an attributed graph, and then the local symmetries contained in the attributed graph are exploited to automatically decompose the compound buildings into different semantic primitives. In the final step, 2D image features are extracted depending on the initial 3D primitives generated from LiDAR data, and then the compound building is reconstructed using constraints from LiDAR data and aerial imagery by a nonlinear least squares optimization. The proposed method is applied to two datasets with different point densities to show that the complexity of building reconstruction can be reduced considerably by decomposing the compound buildings into semantic primitives. The experimental results also demonstrate that the traditional model driven methods can be further extended to the automated reconstruction of compound buildings by using the proposed semantic decomposition method.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Micro Methanol Sensor Using the CMOS-MEMS Technique
Authors: Fong Chien-Fu , Dai Ching-Liang , Wu Chyan-Chyi
Published: October 2015

A methanol microsensor integrated with a micro heater manufactured using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique was presented. The sensor has a capability of detecting low concentration methanol gas. Structure of the sensor is composed of interdigitated electrodes, a sensitive film and a heater. The heater located under the interdigitated electrodes is utilized to provide a working temperature to the sensitive film. The sensitive film prepared by the sol-gel method is tin dioxide doped cadmium sulfide, which is deposited on the interdigitated electrodes. To obtain the suspended structure and deposit the sensitive film, the sensor needs a post-CMOS process to etch the sacrificial silicon dioxide layer and silicon substrate. The methanol senor is a resistive type. A readout circuit converts the resistance variation of the sensor into the output voltage. The experimental results show that the methanol sensor has a sensitivity of 0.18 V/ppm.
Generation of Supramolecular Chirality around Twofold Rotational or Helical Axes in Crystalline Assemblies of Achiral Components
Authors: Miyata Mikiji , Tohnai Norimitsu , Hisaki Ichiro , Sasaki Toshiyuki
Published: October 2015

A multi-point approximation method clarifies supramolecular chirality of twofold rotational or helical assemblies as well as bundles of the one-dimensional (1D) assemblies. While one-point approximation of materials claims no chirality generation of such assemblies, multi-point approximations do claim possible generation in the 1D assemblies of bars and plates. Such chirality derives from deformations toward three-axial directions around the helical axes. The chiral columns are bundled in chiral ways through symmetry operations. The preferable right- or left-handed columns are bundled together to yield chiral crystals with right- or left-handedness, respectively, indicating that twofold helix symmetry operations cause chiral crystals composed of achiral components via a three-stepwise and three-directional process.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Classical and Variant Virulent Parental/Attenuated Strains of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Chen Fangzhou , Zhu Yinxing , Wu Meizhou , Ku Xugang , Ye Shiyi , Li Zhonghua , Guo Xiaozhen , He Qigai
Published: October 2015

Since 2010, the variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) worldwide. In this study, a variant PEDV strain YN1 was isolated, serially propagated on the Vero cells and was characterized for 200 passages. To better elucidate the molecular basis of Vero cell adaptation of variant PEDV strains, we sequenced, compared, and analyzed the full-genome sequences of parental YN1 and passages 15, 30, 60, 90, 144, and 200. The results showed that the variations increased with the viral passage. The nucleotides sequences of non-structural protein (NSP)2, NSP4-7, NSP10, NSP12 and NSP13 genes did not change during the Vero cell adaptation process. After comparison of the variation characteristic of classical, variant virulent/attenuated strains, it was found that attenuation of PEDV virus was associated with 9-26 amino acid (aa) changes in open reading frames (ORF) 1a/b and S protein, early termination in ORF3, 1–3 aa changes in E, M and N protein and some nucleotide sequences’ synonymous mutations. The aa deletion at about 144 aa of S protein could be the attenuation marker for the PEDV. The pig study showed that the early termination in ORF3 was more important for virus cell adaptation than virus attenuation.
Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Dike Erosion due to a Wave Impact
Authors: Evangelista Stefania
Published: October 2015

Dike erosion is a crucial issue in coastal and fluvial flood risk management. These defense structures appear vulnerable to extreme hydrological events, whose potential occurrence risk seems to be recently increased due to climate change. Their design and reinforcement is, however, a complex task, and although numerical models are very powerful nowadays, real processes cannot be accurately predicted; therefore, physical models constitute a useful tool to investigate different features under controlled conditions. This paper presents some laboratory experimental results of erosion of a sand dike produced by the impact of a dam break wave. Experiments have been conducted in the Water Engineering Laboratory at the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy, in a rectangular channel: here, the sudden opening of a gate forming the reservoir generates the wave impacting the dike, made in turn of two different, almost uniform sands. The physical evidence proves that the erosion process is strongly unsteady and significantly different from a gradual overtopping and highlights the importance of apparent cohesion for the fine sand dike. The experimental results have also been compared against the ones obtained through the numerical integration of a two-phase model, which shows the reasonable predictive capability of the temporal free surface and dike profile evolution.
Communistes et opinion dans le Nord/Pas-de-Calais pendant la drôle de guerre
Authors: Dejonghe Étienne
Published: October 2015

Que reste-t-il du PC dans le Nord/Pas-de-Calais en octobre 1940 ? Sous les coups de la répression et de la mobilisation, son organisation s'est désarticulée. Ceux qui étaient venus à lui portés par l'élan de 1936 l'ont quitté, désarçonnés par son retournement. Cependant les services de police signalant une reprise de son activité dès novembre 1939, qui s'affirme au moment de la guerre de Finlande. Mais quel impact lui attribuer ? Dans quelle mesure le mauvais climat social sert-il la propagande communiste près de la classe ouvrière ? Dans quelle mesure les convergences de cette propagande avec celle de Goebbels ne neutralisent-elles pas ses effets ? Bref, comment dans le Nord interfèrent le social et le national ? Cet article s'efforce d'y répondre. Une chose est certaine en tous cas : durant la drôle de guerre, l'activité du parti s'apparente plus à celle d'un réseau que d'un mouvement.
Le site gallo-romain précoce des Tamaris à Seclin (Nord)
Authors: Révillion Stéphane , Tuffreau-Libre Marie , Vadet Alain
Published: October 2015

C'est à l'occasion de travaux de voierie que H. Halbaut découvre, en mars 1982, un site archéologique, rue du Fourchon, au sud de la commune de Seclin (Nord). La fouille, entreprise par S. Révillon, archéologue municipal de Seclin, a permis de mettre au jour un réseau de fossés antiques probablement attenant à un habitat de type indigène.

Le matériel céramique, de style gaulois mais d'époque gallo-romaine se rapproche nettement de celui de sites gallo-romains précoces comme : Noyelle-Godault, Lewarde et surtout Villeneuve-Saint-Germain. Il peut être daté du début de la période augustéenne, vers 30 à 20 avant Jésus-Christ.

L'étude de la faune provenant des fossés a permi de définir une économie animale fondée sur l'élevage du bœuf, du porc, du mouton. Ce dernier a d'ailleurs fourni la laine nécessaire au tissage pratiqué sur le site comme en témoignent les nombreux fragments de poids de métiers à tisser mis au jour.
Les patronages de saints dans la vallée de l'Escaut. Esquisse d'une méthode de recherche sur la christianisation
Authors: Berings Geert
Published: October 2015

The patronicia or patron saints of churches constitute an important source for the history of christianization. With few exceptions they remained unchanged for centuries, this affording evidence of the foundation of these churches.

A method of research has been established concerning the patron saints in parish churches along the Escaut valley. This method and its results have been illustrated by the examples of three patronicia, st Peter, st Martin and st Amand.
Les vies de saint Géry dans les légendiers en français de la fin du Moyen Age
Authors: Labié Anne-Françoise
Published: October 2015

L'exemple des récits de la vie de saint Géry écrits en français au Moyen Age permet de voir comment la traduction des vies de saints entre parfois dans un projet politique, plutôt qu'uniquement religieux. Les textes français, qui reprennent l'essentiel du dossier latin, figurent dans quatre légendiers. Ils ne témoignent d'aucun attachement à une spiritualité précise. En revanche la composition des manuscrits, tous écrits dans le nord de la France à la fin du XVe siècle, met en lumière une forte appartenance régionale. On semble assister à une tentative de remettre en vigueur le culte — a priori populaire — de saints évangélisateurs du diocèse de Cambrai- Arras. L'examen du contexte historique (situation particulière de Cambrai et problème de la langue) montre comment l'Eglise locale prend parti à travers une certaine pastorale.
Technological Advances to Improve Food Security: Addressing Challenges to Adoption
Authors: Weisenfeld Paul , Wetterberg Anna
Published: October 2015

Ensuring a stable and healthful food supply for the world’s growing population has become increasingly urgent, particularly in the face of climate change. In spite of expected increases in food production in developing countries, the number of people at risk of hunger is predicted to grow, especially in the world’s poorest regions. While technology is not a panacea, it is critical to addressing the food production side of the food security equation. The social, economic, and other factors that affect technology adoption are complex and varied, requiring research that combines natural and social sciences to understand how best to influence the uptake and sustained use of effective technologies. Research should focus on four areas where complex combinations of challenges inhibit adoption. Understanding (1) farm-level, (2) economic, and (3) policy barriers would illuminate where promising innovations may be viable. Further, researchers should explore which approaches most effectively drive adoption of (4) combinations of agricultural practices and technologies.
Alcool et rugby : Anatomie d’une « déviance institutionnalisée »
Authors: Bonnet Christophe , Dalla Pria Yan , Chamot Jean-Marc
Published: October 2015

Comment expliquer la persistance dans l’univers du rugby d’une sous-culture encourageant la consommation excessive d’alcool, alors que celle-ci est socialement stigmatisée et contraire à l’hygiène de vie du sportif ? A partir d’observations réalisées dans le rugby amateur et professionnel et d’entretiens menés auprès de dirigeants, d’entraîneurs et de joueurs, nous appréhendons cette consommation d’alcool comme une déviance d’hyper - conformité, résultat d’un processus d’apprentissage conduisant à l’acceptation non critique des normes de convivialité et de masculinité de la sous-culture rugbystique, notamment lors de la troisième mi-temps. Outre qu’il confirme le caractère infondé de l’association entre pratique sportive et hygiène de vie saine, cet article souligne l’influence de la contextualisation culturelle et sociale de la déviance sur l’appréciation dont elle fait l’objet.
Les décrocheurs qui raccrochent et s’accrochent à l’Épide. Monographie d’un dispositif
Authors: Zaffran Joël
Published: October 2015

L’Établissement public d’insertion de la Défense (Épide) est un dispositif public d’insertion professionnelle des jeunes majeurs sans diplôme ni qualification 1 . Son originalité est l’accompagnement socio-éducatif de ces jeunes en internat d’inspiration militaire. Faire de l’Épide un objet sociologique amène à comprendre pourquoi ils optent pour ce dispositif contraignant et comment ils s’y accrochent. Pour cela, on s’appuie sur les données issues d’une monographie d’un Épide afin de saisir le contenu de la « socialisation épidienne » puis de construire une typologie d’ « épidiens » à partir du croisement de la vocation militaire et du projet professionnel. On voit alors que l’adhésion au dispositif est irréductible au projet de carrière militaire puisqu’elle dépend des conditions du décrochage scolaire et d’un dosage plus ou moins maîtrisé de la logique vocationnelle et la logique professionnelle.
Penser les politiques macroprudentielles au niveau global
Authors: Clerc Laurent
Published: October 2015

Alors que la notion de politique macroprudentielle fait l’objet de nombreux travaux, la question de sa coordination au niveau global reste très peu débattue. Elle est pourtant essentielle pour en assurer l’efficacité, garantir des conditions saines de concurrence entre institutions ou juridictions, et éviter le risque de redondance ou de conflits d’objectifs entre différents niveaux de décision : national, régional et mondial. Dans cet article, on présente dans un premier temps les principales justifications pour penser la politique macroprudentielle dans un cadre global avant d’en préciser, dans un second temps, les modalités. Classification JEL : F38, F42, G28.
Les spillovers globaux de la liquidité
Authors: Bordes Christian
Published: October 2015

La « crise financière globale » a été l’occasion de comprendre que les interactions entre systèmes financiers au niveau mondial étaient significativement plus complexes et déterminantes qu’on ne le pensait jusque-là. La signification macroéconomique et les déterminants microéconomiques des flux financiers bruts, ou encore la nature précise des interactions ( spillovers ) de la liquidité appellent à un renouvellement de notre compréhension du système financier international. Cette contribution s’efforce de donner une vue d’ensemble de ces interactions en abordant successivement les trois questions suivantes. Quelles en sont les origines ? Quelles sont l’étendue et la diversité de leurs effets ? Quelles réponses les autorités peuvent-elles y apporter ? Classification JEL : F32, F38, F41, F42.
Le poste occupé au retour d’une expatriation : des contraintes et opportunités organisationnelles aux stratégies et attentes individuelles
Authors: Vignal Jérémy
Published: October 2015

Notre article s’intéresse au poste occupé au retour d’expatriation. Plus particulièrement, notre projet est de comprendre comment se construit l’étape de carrière que représente le retour de mobilité internationale. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé 26 entretiens semi-directifs et ce à deux niveaux : au niveau individuel et au niveau organisationnel. Nous entretenir avec d’anciens expatriés ainsi qu’avec des professionnels en charge de la mobilité internationale nous a permis d’interroger le rôle de l’individu et de l’organisation dans la gestion de cette étape de carrière. Les résultats de notre article s’articulent alors en trois points. Tout d’abord, nos résultats mettent en évidence l’importance de prendre en considération le contexte organisationnel dans lequel s’effectue le retour de mobilité internationale. En effet, il apparaît que chaque organisation joue comme une structure particulière d’opportunités/contraintes qui facilite/complique la réaffectation des expatriés. Néanmoins, nos résultats nous éloignent quelque peu du modèle canonique de la carrière organisationnelle en montrant que l’organisation ne joue pas toujours pleinement son rôle de « sélectionneur ». En effet, le poste qu’occupent les expatriés suite à leur retour ne s’inscrit que rarement dans un processus de gestion des carrières traditionnel, piloté par les professionnels RH. Enfin, nos résultats empruntent également au courant des carrières nomades. En effet, nos recherches plaident en faveur d’une prise en considération du rôle des salariés dans la gestion de leur carrière ainsi que de dimensions plus subjectives comme leurs attentes et valeurs.
La santé et sécurité au travail au sein des congrès de la communauté AGRH : retour sur 25 ans de travaux et perspectives futures de recherche
Authors: Chakor Tarik , Abord de Chatillon Emmanuel , Bachelard Olivier
Published: October 2015

L’objectif de notre communication est de présenter un état des lieux de la recherche en Santé et Sécurité au Travail (SST) au sein des congrès de la communauté AGRH, depuis leur approche marginale et indirecte lors des premiers événements (Bordeaux, 1990 ; Cergy, 1991) jusqu’à l’hétérogénéité actuelle des angles d’appréhension et niveaux d’analyse de cette thématique, en nous basant sur une recherche bibliographique exhaustive réalisée à partir des Actes de Colloque de l’AGRH. Cette méta-analyse doit ainsi permettre de mettre en relief le fait que la communauté AGRH a été tout d’abord relativement discrète sur ces questions, voire totalement absente, la SST constituant une sorte de « point aveugle » des travaux en GRH. L’intensification du travail et les limites des approches strictement techniques du management des RH ont notamment permis de populariser cette thématique, la SST devenant le symbole des limites et des insuffisances de la GRH. On observe ainsi la constitution d’un corpus théorique de plus en plus étoffé, abordant l’émergence de nouveaux concepts (tels que le stress, le burn-out , le harcèlement, les RPS, plus récemment le bien-être), les pratiques et acteurs de la SST, les sources et facteurs de troubles, la multiplicité des approches disciplinaires, ainsi que la mesure de ces différents phénomènes.
L’urgence sociale à l’épreuve du non-recours
Authors: Levy Julien
Published: October 2015

Alors que tout un arsenal juridique est venu, au cours de ces dernières années, encadrer le champ de l'urgence sociale, le nombre de personnes sans abri ou sans domicile, parmi lesquelles une forte proportion d'étrangers, ne décroît pas. L'analyse par le non-recours montre que l'affirmation politique et la reconnaissance juridique d'un droit se heurtent aux conditions concrètes de sa mise en œuvre.
Le travail tue... lentement
Authors: Marchand Anne
Published: October 2015

Le travail tue ! En attestent les accidents du travail mais aussi, moins visibles, certains cancers d’origine professionnelle. Parce que, dans la division du travail, ils ont souvent occupé les emplois et les postes parmi les plus exposés, les ouvriers immigrés en payent le prix lourd. Mais, phénomène de double peine, ils sont également les plus éloignés du droit à réparation en maladie professionnelle.
Accès aux soins : impairs et Pass
Authors: de Goer Bruno
Published: October 2015

Si l'accès aux soins des personnes en très grande difficulté est actuellement considéré comme un droit, il relève parfois du parcours du combattant jalonné d'obstacles administratifs à l'ouverture de ses droits sociaux. À tel point que l'on peut se demander si la couverture maladie universelle l'est vraiment dès lors que ces patients sont renvoyés vers des dispositifs spécifiques, les permanences d'accès aux soins de santé (Pass).
Obama et les immigrés : les illusions perdues
Authors: Sauviat Catherine
Published: October 2015

Du fait du blocage systématique des républicains, la question de l’immigration sonne comme un échec répété de la politique de Barak Obama, plutôt marquée par des expulsions massives et des régularisations temporaires. Pourtant, au terme de son second mandat, elle devrait ressurgir dans le débat sous la pression des activistes en faveur des droits des immigrés.
Le tiers payant en médecine générale
Authors: Denantes Mady
Published: October 2015

Le tiers payant est, depuis 2014, au cœur d’un projet de loi et d’un vif conflit entre les syndicats de médecins et les pouvoirs publics. Remise en cause du principe de l’entente directe sur les honoraires hérité de la charte de la médecine libérale de 1927, bureaucratisation du paiement des médecins, introduction des assurances complémentaires dans l’activité médicale, menace d’une régulation des honoraires par les financeurs ? Les controverses fleurissent. Vue d’une généraliste de Belleville, un quartier populaire de Paris...
Les libéraux dans les cliniques
Authors: Gharbi Lamine
Published: October 2015

La grande majorité des médecins qui exercent dans les établissements de santé privés sont libéraux. Le modèle de l’exercice libéral au sein des cliniques privées porte des principes fondateurs de notre système de santé, tel que celui du libre choix. Il invite les cliniques à une recherche constante d’innovation et favorise une dynamique positive, tant en matière de qualité des soins que d’efficience. Insuffisamment reconnu, ce modèle original dispose pourtant de nombreux atouts pour relever les défis de santé de demain. Dans un contexte budgétaire contraint, et face à la nécessaire transformation du modèle de l’hospitalisation (ambulatoire, suivi des pathologies chroniques en lien avec la ville, etc.), il est essentiel de bâtir une relation toujours mieux structurée entre médecins et établissements, gage d’une réponse adéquate aux besoins de santé de la population.
Forces de l’ordre et crises politiques au 20 e siècle
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel , Droit Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Les contributions de ce dossier interrogent, pour les 20 e  et 21 e  siècles et sur des terrains d’enquête géographiques variés, les liens entre des régimes politiques de nature différente, leurs forces de police et les sociétés civiles. Bien qu’inscrites dans des cultures historiographiques nationales différentes, ces contributions participent au renouvellement en cours de l’histoire sociale et culturelle du politique. En adoptant une perspective relationnelle et disséminée du pouvoir, il s’agit de considérer les forces de l’ordre comme des acteurs politiques et d’étudier comment elles se positionnent lors de crises politiques. Ces forces contribuent à faire advenir ou à contenir des dynamiques révolutionnaires. Les polices et les forces de l’ordre doivent ainsi être replacées au cœur d’une histoire politique attentive aux organisations et aux institutions n’étant pas étiquetées comme politiques.
La Stasi face à la « Révolution pacifique » de l’automne 1989 en République démocratique allemande
Authors: Droit Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

Le but de cet article est d’analyser la « Révolution pacifique » en République démocratique allemande (RDA) à l’automne 1989 en lui restituant son caractère ouvert et incertain. En s’appuyant principalement sur les archives de la police politique est-allemande, nous cherchons à montrer que l’effondrement inattendu du régime communiste de la RDA s’expliquait moins par la puissance du mouvement d’opposition que par la capacité d’agir, ou non, des détenteurs du pouvoir. La violence a été une option plus sérieuse jusqu’à l’automne 1989 mais, au moment de passer à l’acte, elle n’était plus considérée comme un moyen légitime par les membres du bureau politique du Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), ce qui rendit la Stasi impuissante et l’événement révolutionnaire possible.
Information Technology Communication
Authors: Setti Adriane , Cesário Marisa , Fernandes Sílvia Brito , Da Costa Mendes Júlio
Published: October 2015

Information technology (IT) changes introduce technical foreign terms in professionals' vocabulary which became part of many organizational routines. Communication problems result from the fact that the user (customer) not always dominates several terms. In this chapter, we analyze the communication defects between IT professionals and users of their products and services, and then discuss some pitfalls and challenges to management and marketing. It addresses the communication between IT professionals and users in the corporate environment of Curitiba (Brazil). Results lead to perceive a need of formal training and screenplay by IT professionals to serve customers, manage their careers and assist technology on behalf of customer needs. This chapter suggests that professionals must be clear with users to create confidence, in order to improve business practice. And users expect professionals to share and explain them their actions toward machines/systems, and listen to what they require. This is very important to marketing as a sustainable link with the company can be created.
The Rise of Relationship Marketing with Social Media
Authors: Barreto Ana Margarida
Published: October 2015

The mission and concern of the proposed chapter is to contribute to the improvement of market performance through marketing, specifically relationship marketing, by taking into consideration the brand perspective and the consumer perspective. In addition, the proposed chapter aims to describe how social media has brought big challenges to brands, especially the strong ones, with repercussions on their brand image and consequently their brand equity, and how relationship marketing can be the answer to these new challenges.
Online Pricing and Auctions
Authors: Atilgan Kalender Özcan
Published: October 2015

Recently, the role of information technology facilitating the exchange of information in markets has enabled new pricing mechanisms between buyers and sellers. Such electronic marketplaces, specifically Internet-based markets have supported customization of marketing mix elements efficiently. In response to supply and demand fluctuations, prices change more dynamically and quickly in the Internet than in physical markets. This chapter focuses on the revolution in pricing of businesses driven by the Internet. Within this context, primary characteristics of online pricing and auctions are reviewed systematically from the both view of buyers and sellers interacting. Furthermore, this chapter evaluates the effects of Internet as a new pricing mechanism and future trends of pricing rules within this attractive option.
Academic Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst for Quality Higher Education
Authors: Parker Shalaka
Published: October 2015

Higher Education in the post globalization knowledge economy is beset with a host of problems pertaining to quality. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are in a dire need of strengthening individual and institutional effectiveness in imparting higher education that meets the global quality requirements. In keeping with the current scenario of Higher Education, it is essential to understand the bi-focal role of Academic Entrepreneurship and Academic Leadership in enhancing the quality of Higher Education. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the symbiotic relation between the two and their role in enhancing the quality of higher education. It also attempts to propose an integrated framework of the Indian Higher Education System's entrepreneurial and leadership system and finally it attempts to devise or suggest strategies to be adopted by both in synchrony to act as catalysts' for Quality Higher Education.
Solidarity Entrepreneurship in Knowledge Economies
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel
Published: October 2015

Solidarity Entrepreneurship is a new economic paradigm characterized by public-private cooperation to fight poverty. The objective of this chapter is to introduce new concepts and classifications to analyze this paradigm. To cope with this goal, the main Pro-Poor Growth Indexes are described, but they are insufficient to eliminate, or at least reduce, poverty. After being warned about the dangers between the generation of poverty and the rise of populism, the author proposes four solutions to avoid this problem: the development of solidarity entrepreneurs, strengthening education in entrepreneurship, boosting the venture partnership, and increasing the amount approved for the Official Development Aid. The work ends with a conclusion and future research directions.
Women Entrepreneurship across Nations
Authors: Nair Suja R.
Published: October 2015

Since the past two decades the concept of women entrepreneurship has gained recognition as a significant contributor towards the economic growth of the country. This can be attributed to the many encouraging factors like family support, flexibility in work family schedule, encouraging policies etc. Nevertheless, there also exist certain barriers that hinder their path of progress. In the context of globalization today, women entrepreneurs across nations are also engaged in identifying opportunities for further growth. In this pursuit they face a number of challenges amidst the opportunities. The chapter intends to make a contribution to the topic of women entrepreneurship by examining what initiates entrepreneurship among individuals, comparison between male and female entrepreneurs, factors that encourage women entrepreneurs as well as those that inhibit their growth and on ways to overcome the challenges they face.
Entrepreneurship Education and University Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions in Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Sheikh Md. Monzurul , Huque Sheikh Mohammed Rafiul , Rana Md. Baktiar
Published: October 2015

A university plays a fundamental role in establishing and developing an entrepreneurial-oriented economy. The entrepreneurship education has been recognized very important which helps students to understand and foster entrepreneurial intention and attitude. The purpose of the present study is to examine entrepreneurship education and associated entrepreneurial intentions of students of public and private universities of Bangladesh. Few empirical studies done in Bangladesh have examined the entrepreneurial intentions of the university students. This study will fill the research gap in this respect. This study implies that university role, types of course programs influence attitude and intention and elevates the chances that students would eventually choose an entrepreneurial career. The findings of this study have policy implications in inducing more university graduates to start their own businesses.
Advanced Topics GPU Programming and CUDA Architecture
Authors: Adhikari Mainak , Kar Sukhendu
Published: October 2015

Graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics. Any GPU providing a functionally complete set of operations performed on arbitrary bits can compute any computable value. Additionally, the use of multiple graphics cards in one computer, or large numbers of graphics chips, further parallelizes the already parallel nature of graphics processing. CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a parallel computing platform and programming model created by NVIDIA and implemented by the graphics processing units (GPUs). CUDA gives program developers direct access to the virtual instruction set and memory of the parallel computational elements in CUDA GPUs. This chapter first discuss some features and challenges of GPU programming and the effort to address some of the challenges with building and running GPU programming in high performance computing (HPC) environment. Finally this chapter point out the importance and standards of CUDA architecture.
Comparative Study on XEN, KVM, VSphere, and Hyper-V
Authors: Das Prashanta Kumar
Published: October 2015

This Chapter provides a quantitative and qualitative comparison of four popular virtualization platforms, open-source hypervisors Xen, KVM and proprietary hypervisors VMware vSphere (ESXi), Microsoft Hyper-V. Cloud Computing is on Demand, Pay-per-use distributed computing service delivery model in which computing resources can be used as Utility like other utility such as water, electricity etc. as per requirement. Cloud computing has made it possible to provide virtually unlimited computing infrastructure i.e. IaaS on demand using virtualization technology. Intel and AMD have independently developed virtualization extensions to the x86 architecture referred to as hardware virtualization.
Security Aspects in Utility Computing
Authors: Swarnkar Mayank , Bhadoria Robin Singh
Published: October 2015

Utility computing is a need of today's cyber world and so the importance of its security is an important issue. Concerns for utility computer networks' security and dependability are growing quickly because of increasing utility devices with connections to external networks. This aggravates vulnerability of utility networks to cyber-attacks through external connections. Various types of issues and its solutions regarding security in utility computing have been explained in this chapter.
A Novel Approach of Symmetric Key Cryptography using Genetic Algorithm Implemented on GPGPU
Authors: K. G. Srinivasa , G. M. Siddesh , Hiriyannaiah Srinidhi , Morappanavar Anusha , Banerjee Anurag
Published: October 2015

The world of digital communication consists of various applications which uses internet as the backbone for communication. These applications consist of data related to the users of the application, which is confidential and integrity needs to be maintained to protect against unauthorized access and use. In the information hiding field of research, Cryptography is one of the wide techniques used to provide security to the internet applications that overcome the challenges like confidentiality, integrity, authentication services etc. In this paper, we present a novel approach on symmetric key cryptography technique using genetic algorithm that is implemented on CUDA architecture.
Software Performance Estimate using Fuzzy Based Backpropagation Learning
Authors: Ahmad Khaleel , Kumar Gaurav , Wahid Abdul , Kirmani Mudasir M.
Published: October 2015

Accurate estimation of the software performance and its reliability is an important task in designing, developing and implementing software as per the desired requirements. With the increase in individuals relying on software application in their daily lives has resulted in increase in demand for good quality software with efficient performance. The professionals in the software industry are facing an uphill task of developing software with efficient performance measure and at the same time capable of evaluating software performance. In order to evaluate software performance it is necessary to have a method to estimate the software performance. The estimation of software performance plays an important role in predicting acceptability and longevity of a software product. Software performance estimation is essential in existing software-dominated environment where part of daily life is directly or indirectly dependent on software for fulfilling requirements. In this chapter discusses the reasons underlying the proposals and shows the pitfalls associated to these software attributes.
Dynamic Task Assignment with Load Balancing in Cloud Platform
Authors: Mohanty Subhadarshini , Patra Prashant Kumar , Mohapatra Subasish
Published: October 2015

Load balancing is one of the major issue in cloud computing. Load balancing helps in achieving maximum resource utilization and user satisfaction. This mechanism transparently transfer load from heavily loaded process to under loaded process. In this paper we have proposed a hybrid technique for solving task assignment problem in cloud platform. PSO based heuristic has been developed to schedule random task in heterogeneous data centres. Here we have also used variants of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) which gives better result than PSO and other heuristics for load balancing in cloud computing environment.
Digital Media, Secrecy, and International Lawmaking
Authors: Stoyanova Diliana
Published: October 2015

The introduction of digital technologies in political communications has added new dimensions to international lawmaking and to the interactions between citizens and governments on a global scale. This chapter gives both a theoretical background and concrete examples that demonstrate how the new media has augmented the power of global civil society. The period of time under scrutiny is very recent—end of 20th to beginning of 21st century—and therefore the focus is on treaties as sources of international law, rather than on customary international law. Since international treaties are negotiated both within supra-national structures, like the UN, and also between countries outside of those organizations, the chapter superimposes the two processes with a special emphasis on the culture of secrecy in both cases. The organizations and treaties that are reviewed are the United Nations (in a more general fashion), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Anti-Counterfeit Trade Agreement (ACTA), with a mention of the failure of the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) for a global social movement parallel. The reason for putting those cases in the spotlight is that they deal with trade aspects that affect people the world over. In addition, the protests against them, the anti-globalization ones in Seattle 1999, the 1997 anti-MAI, and the 2012 anti-ACTA movements were all organized and mobilized through the Internet.
Googling Democracy
Authors: Babayan Nelli , Braghiroli Stefano
Published: October 2015

The spillover of the Arab Spring is often attributed to the increased use of the Internet and various social networks. In addition, many established democracies and international organizations have adopted democracy promotion as their foreign policy objectives. Heads of states regularly praise democracy and reiterate their commitment to its promotion. However, the on-ground activities of democracy promoters remain largely unknown to the broader population. Nevertheless, given the growing influence of non-democratic but economically successful and resource-rich countries, democracy promoters more than ever need to “win the hearts and minds” of these populations. This chapter compares techniques and the extent of publicising democracy promotion, by focusing on the online presence of democracy promoters as the most cost-effective opportunity of communicating goals, strategies, and accomplishments. The chapter categorizes individual Websites of democracy promoters according to their structural, graphic, informative, and programmatic features. This chapter focuses on the EU and USAID in Eastern Europe, Middle East, North Africa, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia. Quantitative and qualitative cross-country and cross-promoter variances are explored by analyzing a wide array of explanatory dimensions. The results suggest that the two promoters vary in their levels of e-activeness and their involvement in Internet-based activities of democracy promotion, with the EU showing a systematically higher commitment in the studied regions. In addition, Internet penetration, the level of democratic development, and geo-political factors are likely to affect a promoter's e-activeness.
Exploring Humanitarian Law
Authors: Harkins Mary Jane , Abidi Catherine Baillie , Crowe Taunya Pynn , Verri Renata
Published: October 2015

Valuing diverse perspectives is a key feature of critical pedagogy and global citizenship. Exploring tools, methods, and partnerships that foster dialogue, critical thinking, and respect for diversity in relation to teaching and learning is the topic of this research. The purpose of this theoretical piece was to explore the curriculum resource, Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) to determine if this approach (a) promotes youth engagement in critically analyzing humanitarian issues and (b) fosters global citizenship. The benefits and challenges of an interprofessional collaboration to implementing EHL were also considered. This exploration was based on Paulo Freire's reflective inquiry and critical responses to learners' needs. The data was generated through a focus group session with members of an interprofessional team involved in EHL. Four key themes emerged from the discussion: (a) student engagement, (b) fostering global citizenship, (c) teaching tools, and (d) interprofessional teamwork and sustainability.
Early Warning System for Financial Crises
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: October 2015

To maintain financial stability, prevention of financial crisis is very important. This prevention is especially is especially important for developing countries where we need robust instruments for prediction of financial crises. One such instrument is Early Warning System (EWS). An EWS provided signals that could reflect the likelihood of a financial crisis over a given time horizon. Changing nature of financial risks due to liberalization of economies has increased the importance of an effective EWS. This chapter explores the state of the art of EWS. It is suggested that policy makers should take into account their objectives and related thresholds of various while developing an EWS since there exists a sharp trade-off between correctly calling crises and false alarms.
On the Evaluation of Early Warning Models for Financial Crises
Authors: Alessi Lucia , Detken Carsten , Oprică Silviu
Published: October 2015

Early Warning Models (EWMs) are back on the policy agenda. In particular, accurate models are increasingly needed for financial stability and macro-prudential policy purposes. However, owing to the alleged poor out-of-sample performance of the first generation of EWMs developed in the 90's, the economic profession remains largely unconvinced about the ability of EWMs to play any important role in the prediction of future financial crises. The authors argue that a lot of progress has been made recently in the literature and that one key factor behind the prevailing skepticism relates to the basic evaluation metrics (e.g. the noise-to-signal ratio) traditionally used to evaluate the predictive performance of EWMs, and in turn to select benchmark models. This chapter provides an overview of methodologies (e.g. the (partial) Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and the (standardized) Usefulness measure) better suitable for measuring the goodness of EWMs and constructing optimal monitoring tools.
Churn Management of E-Banking Customers by Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Karahoca Adem , Bilgen Oytun , Karahoca Dilek
Published: October 2015

As the world goes through a paper-less environment, electronic banking solutions are more welcome by most of the corporations. It is important that companies control their cash management electronically. Banking services provide such solutions to satisfy customers' needs. This study focuses on E-Banking usage data to identify the customers' behavior. When a corporation wants to keep or promote its position in the market, churn management can be considered as an efficient solution. Basically, Churn Management will shape the customers into segments in order for the corporation to focus on the customers that are closer to be out of the portfolio.
The Resilience of Emerging Economies During the Great Recession
Authors: Cutrini Eleonora , Galeazzi Giorgio
Published: October 2015

This chapter focuses on the decoupling hypothesis between emerging countries and the advanced world. On the basis of quarterly seasonally adjusted data over the period 1995q1–2014q1 we present some evidence in favor of a decreasing vulnerability of emerging market economies to global economic and financial development, particularly convincing for Asian countries. Results confirm a common finding in the related literature: The acute phase of the financial crisis triggered by the US mortgage crisis corresponds to a period of substantial increase in business cycle synchronization, arguably determined by the synchronized trade collapse and foreign credit retrenchment, although in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, all the different groups of emerging economies started to decouple again from the United States, and also relative to the Eurozone and to Japan. Therefore, extending the time span to recent data allows us to envisage the recoupling phase with respect to the United States' business cycle as a temporary halt over a long-run decoupling initiated a decade ago.
The Theory and Process Involved with Educational Augmented Reality Game Design
Authors: O'Shea Patrick , Campbell Chris
Published: October 2015

This chapter explores the issues associated with training teachers to become effective Augmented Reality game designers in their own educational settings. Within the context of defining and defending the use of games as instructional tools, the authors of this chapter describe a project in Queensland, Australia which involved training 26 teachers from the greater Brisbane area on the theory and process of designing narrative-based Augmented Reality games. This process resulted in usable games that the participants could then implement in their own educational setting. This chapter includes a discussion of the issues and challenges that were faced throughout this training process, and the authors propose potential solutions to address those challenges. Additionally, the authors propose future directions for further research into this area.