bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As práticas do Assistente Social e sua articulação com a Equipe de Saúde de um Hospital de Curitiba
Authors: Xavier Patricia Regina Hella , Lopes Stella Maris Brum
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta um estudo que buscou reconhecer as práticas dos Assistentes Sociais junto à equipe de saúde de um Hospital de Curitiba e sua articulação com o projeto ético-político da profissão. Realizou-se uma análise numa perspectiva sócio-histórica dialética, constituída pela triangulação de dados, utilizando-se de três fontes: as entrevistas realizadas, os documentos do Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS) e do Serviço Social do Hospital, e levantamento bibliográfico do Serviço Social. Quanto às análises aqui introduzidas, foi possível apurar uma extensão da discussão entre as práticas e o projeto ético-político da profissão, tendo em vista o interesse pelo assunto por parte dos assistentes sociais.
Recognition and Applying Character Education Approaches in Schools
Authors: Heidari Mohammad Hossein , Nowrozi Reza Ali , Ahmadpoor Parvaneh
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to recognize the approaches of “character education” and trying to find useful and applicable method for each approach. Making use of a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytic method, at first, this study attempted to explain the concept of character education by mentioning a brief history it. Then, it is focused on character education approaches and methods derived from them for applying at schools. The findings of this study imply that three major approaches of character education are traditional, developmental-cognitive and care approaches; but in schools, character education programs should be a combination of two or even all three approaches because each approach has some limitations and defects. It seems that the “holistic approach” can increase the chances of success of character education programs.
Žieminių kviečių grūdų kokybinių rodiklių priklausomumas nuo tręšimo azoto trąšomis
Authors: Juchnevičienė Aistė , Vagusevičienė Ilona , Brazaitytė Aušra , Duchovskis Pavelas
Published: July 2016

Darbe tirtas žieminių kviečių kokybinių rodiklių priklausomumas nuo tręšimo azoto trąšomis. Lauko eksperimentas vykdytas 2011–2012  m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje, karbonatingame sekliai glėjiškame išplautžemyje (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). Vertintos labai geras kepamąsias savybes turinčios kviečių veislės: ‘Zentos’, ‘Ada’. Granuliuoto superfosfato (P60) ir kalio chlorido (K60) trąšos išbertos sėjos metu, o amonio salietra (N60) – pavasarį, atsinaujinus vegetacijai, krūmijimosi tarpsniu (BBCH  23–25). Papildomai per lapus tręšta karbamido tirpalu: (N30), (N40) – bamblėjimo (BBCH 34–36) ir (N15), (N30) – pieninės brandos (BBCH 71–74) tarpsniais. Nustatyta, kad azoto trąšų naudojimas bamblėjimo ir pieninės brandos tarpsniais veislių ‘Zentos’ ir ‘Ada’ kviečių grūdų baltymingumą pagerino vidutiniškai 2,20–1,76  proc.  vnt., šlapiojo glitimo kiekį  –  4,89–4,66  proc.  vnt., sedimentacijos vertes  –  12,58– 14,20 ml. Atlikta koreliacinė regresinė duomenų analizė patvirtino, kad kviečių grūdų kokybės rodikliai statistiškai patikimai koreliavo su azoto trąšų normomis. Koreliaciniai ryšiai gauti labai stiprūs (r = 0,902–0,922 ir r = 0,883–0,927).
Nominalių kainų tinkamumo Lietuvos miškų tikrajai vertei nustatyti vertinimas
Authors: Mizaras Stasys , Lukminė Diana
Published: July 2016

Lietuvos miškų ūkyje yra miškų, kaip turto, vertės atspindėjimo finansinėje apskaitoje problema. Valstybinė miškų tarnyba (VMT), vykdydama miškų kadastrą, vertina Lietuvos miškus nominalių kainų metodu. Pasigirsta siūly­mų šiuos vertinimus pripažinti tikrąja miškų verte ir taikyti apskaitoje. Valdymo koordinavimo centras (VKC), analizuodamas miškų urėdijų efektyvumą, jų miškus vertina diskontuotų pinigų srautų metodu. Šie vertinimai skiriasi daugiau nei 2 kartus. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos miškų vertinimo nominalių kainų metodu tinkamumą tikrajai miškų vertei nustatyti. Uždaviniai: nustatyti miško žemės ir medynų tūrio vertinimo nominalių kainų metodu atitikimą tikrosios vertės nustatymo principams; atlikti miško žemės ir medynų tūrio palyginamus vertinimus nominalių kainų ir diskontuotų pinigų srautų metodais; palyginti brandžių medynų vertinimus nominalių kainų ir diskontuotų pinigų srautų metodais. Nustatyta, kad VMT taikomas miškų vertinimo nominalių kainų metodas neatitinka tikrosios miškų vertės nustatymo principų, vertinimai nesusieti su medienos rinkos kainų tendencijomis. Pasaulinėje miškų vertinimo teorijoje ir praktikoje vyrauja miškų vertinimai diskontuotų pinigų srautų metodu, papildant juos kitais vertinimo būdais (rinkos, pajamų, išlaidų).
Kompatibilnost sudarnog procesa vozila u realnim saobraćajnim nezgodama
Authors: Kovačević Fahrudin , Hadžić Eldin , Bijedić Jasmin
Published: July 2016

Kada nastane neka saobraćajna nezgoda potrebno je obaviti tehničku analizu predmetne saobraćajne nezgodeda bi se utvrdio njen uzrok, tok i posljedice, kako bi se u daljem postupku mogla ocijeniti odgovornost učesnika u posmatranojsaobraćajnoj nezgodi, a zatim i snošenje posljedica za nastanak iste. Često u praksi analitičari imaju zadatak istražitinezgodu koja se dogodila pod nejasnim okolnostima npr. radi sticanja materijalne odnosno novčane koristi samihučesnika. Kompatibilnom analizom dobijamo odgovor na pitanje – da li vozilo oštećeno ulaskom u udarni proces, nastalimdeformacijama na putu smirivanja i eventualnom kolizijom sa objektima na cesti, ima logičku podlogu u tragovimaulaska u udarni proces drugog vozila, nastalim deformacijama na istom i eventualnim putevima smirivanja.
Upravljanje rizikom u željezničkom saobraćaju sa posebnim osvrtom na pružnoputne prelaze
Authors: Dakić Boro
Published: July 2016

Putni prelazi na prugama Republike Srpske su mjesta koja generišu veliki rizik u smislu bezbjednosti željezničkogi drumskog saobraćaja, koji zbog velikog broja nepravilnosti značajno smanjuju efi kasnost željezničkog saobraćaja. Nanjima se dešavaju vanredni događaji, dolazi do usmrćenja i ozleđivanja lica i čini se velika materijalna šteta. Željeznica jenaš javni (i državni) resurs, a imajući u vidu da dolaze sve strožiji zahtjevi od željeznica Evrope i njenog okruženja u smisluda se rang pruge podigne na viši nivo, neophodno je da znamo šta treba dalje učiniti tako da putni prelazi ne postanukočnica razvoja željeznice i kočnica normalnog odvijanja drumskog saobraćaja. Takođe, u urbanim sredinama željeznica(ne samo svojom krivicom) otežava normalne komunikacije čitavih gradskih cjelina u odnosu na širu aglomeraciju i sl.
Ekološke posledice poplava u Republici Srpskoj maj 2014. godine
Authors: Đurica Radenko , Đurica Dragana , Vujčić Slobodanka , Delić-Jović Mirjana
Published: July 2016

Autori u ovom radu žele da ukažu na posljedice koje mogu da izazovu klimatske promjene kroz obilne padavineu kratkom vremenskom periodu, a u cilju zaštite života i zdravlja ljudi, prirodnih bogatstava, prirodnih dobara, kao i sprečavanjavelikih fi nansijskih gubitaka. Takođe, autori ukazuju na neozbiljnost poštivanja zakonske regulative svih javnihi privatnih institucija, pravovremenu mobilizaciju civilne zaštite, jedinica vojske i policije, obučenih sportskih kolektiva,nevladinih organizacija, s ciljem da se spriječe ekološke katastrofe i zaštite svi ekološki resursi. Poplave u Republici Srpskoj,maja 2014. godine uzrokovale su ogromne fi nansijske, ekološke, materijalne gubitke, što će nas u narednih 5 do 10godina opterećavati kroz sve vidove naše djelatnosti, a istovremeno upozorava na neprestani monitoring našeg društvau cilju podizanja većeg nivoa bezbjednosti, kako bi se na vrijeme organizovalo društvo u sprečavanju ovakvih i sličnihekoloških katastrofa.
Neispravno utvrđeni tehnički podaci u saobraćajno-prometnim dozvolama
Authors: Kelečević Spase
Published: July 2016

Neispravno utvrđeni tehnički podaci, prilikom uvoza polovnih automobila, su uzrok izdavanja saobraćajno-prometnihdozvola sa nepotpunim i netačnim tehničkim podacima. Dugogodišnjim bavljenjem problematikom tehničkogpregleda i registracijom vozila došao sam do saznanja da utvrđeni i upisani tehnički podaci, u saobraćajno-prometnimdozvolama, predstavljaju skup netačnih i nepotpunih podataka i dodatnim vještačenjem se utvrđuju stvarni tehničkipodaci.
Sudovi o kojima se ne vodi dovoljno računa
Authors: Baroš Predrag
Published: July 2016

Efikasno pravosuđe je od izuzetnog značaja za razvoj privrednih aktivnosti svake zemlje kao i za strane investicije.Bosna i Hercegovina je jedna od zemalja koja se ne može pohvaliti sa efi kasnim pravosudnim sistemom. U okviru reformipravosudnog sistema u Republici Srpskoj su uvedeni okružni privredni sudovi, za razliku od Federacije BiH, u kojojprivredni sporovi još uvijek spadaju u nadležnost osnovnih sudova. Međutim i dalje su prisutni mnogobrojni problemi popitanju nadležnosti i ažurnosti okružnih privrednih sudova.
BOT Contract through the optics of Albanian legal provisions - Issues of the implementation and transfer framework
Authors: Prifti Entela
Published: July 2016

The last years have resulted in an increase of concession contracts in Albania, followed by a revised modern legal framework. Beside the debate on whether the government should perform most of the activities itself instead of giving them to the private sector through a concession contract, the concession contracts are nowadays a reality and as such they should be studied and analysed carefully. The scope of this article is limited to the provisions of the Albanian legislation and its approach to the international provisions regarding BOT (build – operate - transfer) concession contract. A detailed analyse will drive to the conclusionas to what extent the Albanian concession legislation does compile with the international accepted principles of Public Private Partnership concerning mainly implementation and transfer phase of a BOT contract. Albanian Public Private Partnershiplegislation has gone through many revisions and amendments during the last twenty years, resulting in a challenging situation for everybody that deals with any aspects of a concession. Having a detailed understanding of the legal provisions is indeed the core element toward a successful implementation process of any concession, resulting in the highest profitability for concession parties, the public entity and the private investor, and consequently culminating to the best interest of the population.
“Sick woman” or “half woman”? Breast and cervical cancer, emotional script and representations of female body in a mediterranean area of Italy
Authors: Bartholini Ignazia
Published: July 2016

The proposal aims to highlight the semiotic elements of the discourse that refer to the symbolic ones of representations, and that transform the therapy in an exercise of professional dominion aimed to modify the perception of the self of the female patient through the subversion of specific emotional script. The mapping of the emotional scripts of shame and modesty, in their performative evolution, will be useful to demonstrate how and through what relational strategies the medicalization performs a gender violence which leads to exclude and self-stigmatise the sick woman, considered a “half woman”. The reflection that has its incipit in the ascertainment that the female body has been and keeps being a means of “male dominion” and object of “symbolic violence” as well as physical, and favors unexpected articulations related to a female body affected by breast or uterus cancer with often devastating effects on the woman’s self-perception. This proposal provides a reflection on the effects of experience of female cancer in the emotional sphere and in the gender relations of 36 Italian and stranger women. The research aims at discussing the role of medical therapy as a social practice of male domination that imposes a traditional representation in which female beauty is equivalent to the physical integrity and full functioning of specific attributes sexed (uterus that creates, breast that feeds). The focus of research is an analysis particularly focusing on the transformations of perception of body as Körper and the emotions which, cross-sectionally, constitutes the self-perception of Leib.
The status of judges and the justice reform - An Albanian inside
Authors: Skënderi Vladimir
Published: July 2016

The judicial power in Albania is considered today as the greatest sinner in the Albanian society. But is it the only sinner? Is it treated with respect and dignity by the Albanian society? In the opinion of the writer of this article, the politicians of this country are also accomplices in this situation of the judiciary. These latter ones, when they need to purify their reputation, declare that they were pronounced not guilty by the courts. When a non-guilty decision is given to their political opponent, they hurry to curse the courts as corrupt, etc. In our opinion, the judiciary is not treated by the state equally when compared to the employees of the other sectors of the state. The Judiciary in Albanian, apart from being attacked en bloc by the politics and the media, is also paid badly and humiliated. This situation is of no service to the Albanian society and it should be changed rapidly.
Basal ganglia output reflects internally-specified movements
Authors: Lintz Mario J , Felsen Gidon
Published: July 2016

How movements are selected is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. While many studies have elucidated the sensorimotor transformations underlying stimulus-guided movements, less is known about how internal goals – critical drivers of goal-directed behavior – guide movements. The basal ganglia are known to bias movement selection according to value, one form of internal goal. Here, we examine whether other internal goals, in addition to value, also influence movements via the basal ganglia. We designed a novel task for mice that dissociated equally rewarded internally-specified and stimulus-guided movements, allowing us to test how each engaged the basal ganglia. We found that activity in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, a basal ganglia output, predictably differed preceding internally-specified and stimulus-guided movements. Incorporating these results into a simple model suggests that internally-specified movements may be facilitated relative to stimulus-guided movements by basal ganglia processing.
SiN etching characteristics of Ar/CH3F/O2 plasma and dependence on SiN film density
Authors: Ohtake Hiroto , Wanifuchi Tomiko , Sasaki Masaru
Published: July 2016

We evaluated the silicon nitride (SiN) etching characteristics of Ar/O2/hydrofluorocarbon plasma. Ar/CH3F/O2 plasma achieved a high etching selectivity of SiN to SiO2 by increasing the oxygen flow rate. We also evaluated the dependence of SiN etching characteristics on SiN film density. A low-density film deposited at a low temperature of 200 °C (by plasma-enhanced CVD, PECVD) showed an 8–20% lower etching rate of SiN than a high-density film deposited at a high temperature of 780 °C (by low-pressure CVD, LPCVD) when we had a low RF bias of 30 W. This PECVD film might move the competitive balance to oxidation from fluorination, reducing the SiN etching rate. However, when we have a high RF bias of more than 50 W, the SiN etching rate is 2–15% higher in the PECVD film than in the LPCVD film. The etching rate of SiN at various densities depends on the balance between oxidation and ion bombardment.
Plasmonic energy nanofocusing for high-efficiency laser fusion ignition
Authors: Tanabe Katsuaki
Published: July 2016

We propose an efficient laser fusion ignition system consisting of metal nanoparticles or nanoshells embedded in conventional deuterated polystyrene fuel targets. The incident optical energy of the heating laser is highly concentrated around the metallic particulates randomly dispersed inside imploded targets due to the electromagnetic-field-enhancement effect by surface plasmon resonance, and thus effectively triggers nuclear-fusion chain reactions. Our preliminary calculations exhibit field enhancement factors of around 50 and 1100 for spherical Ag nanoparticles and Ag/SiO2 nanoshells, respectively, in the 1-µm band.
Inclusion properties of Generalized Integral Transform using Duality Techniques
Authors: Devi Satwanti , Swaminathan A.
Published: July 2016

Let Wβ
δ(α,γ) be the class of normalized analytic functions f defined in the region |z| < 1 and satisfying

Re eiθ((1-α+2γ)(f/z)δ + (α-3γ+γ[(1-1/δ)(zf′/f) + 1/δ(1+zf″/f′)])(f/z)δ(zf′/f)-β)>0,

with the conditions α ≤ 0, β < 1, γ ≤ 0, δ > 0 φ ∈ ℝ. For a non-negative and real- valued integrable function λ(t) with ∫0
1 λ(t)dt = 1, the generalized non-linear integral transform is defined as

Vλ
δ(f)(z) = (∫0
1λ(t)(f(tz)/t)δdt)1/δ.

The main aim of the present work is to find conditions on the related parameters such that Vλ
δ(f)(z) ∈ Wβ1
δ1(α1,γ1) whenever f ∈ Wβ2
δ2(α2,γ2). Further, several interesting applications for specific choices of λ(t) are discussed.
Functional morphology of parasitic isopods: understanding morphological adaptations of attachment and feeding structures inNerocilaas a pre-requisite for reconstructing the evolution of Cymothoidae
Authors: Nagler Christina , Haug Joachim T.
Published: July 2016

Parasites significantly influence food webs and ecosystems and occur all over the world in almost every animal group. Within crustaceans there are numerous examples of ectoparasites; for example, representatives of the isopod group Cymothoidae. These obligatory parasitic isopods are relatively poorly studied regarding their functional morphology. Here we present new details of the morphological adaptations to parasitism of the cymothoiid ingroupNerocilawith up-to-date imaging methods (macro photography, stereo imaging, fluorescence photography, micro CT, and histology). Central aspects of the study were (1) the morphology of the mouthparts and (2) the attachment on the host, hence the morphology of the thoracopods. The mouthparts (labrum, mandibles, paragnaths, maxillulae, maxillae, maxillipeds) form a distinct mouth cone and are most likely used for true sucking. The mouthparts are tightly “folded” around each other and provide functional rails for the only two moving mouthparts, mandible and maxillula. Both are not moving in an ancestral-type median-lateral movement, but are strongly tilted to move more in a proximal-distal axis. New details concerning the attachment demonstrate that the angular arrangement of the thoracopods is differentiated to impede removal by the host. The increased understanding of morphological adaptation to parasitism of modern forms will be useful in identifying disarticulated (not attached to the host) fossil parasites.
Interannual controls on oxygen isotope variability in Asian monsoon precipitation and implications for paleoclimate reconstructions
Authors: Yang H. , Johnson K. R. , Griffiths M. L. , Yoshimura K.
Published: July 2016

Orbital to millennial‐scale variations in Asian monsoon speleothem δ18O have been widely interpreted as records of monsoon intensity and/or rainfall amount. To assess the influence of these and other mechanisms on higher‐frequency δ18O variability, we utilize simulations from a spectrally nudged isotope‐enabled general circulation model coupled with instrumental climate data to investigate the climatic controls on interannual precipitation δ18O (δ18Op) variability at four key cave locations affected by the Asian monsoon: Qunf Cave, Oman; Mawmluh Cave, India; Tham Mai Cave, Laos; and Dongge Cave, China. Comparison with instrumental climate data shows that interannual δ18Op variations are only weakly related to local precipitation amount at the four sites and are instead controlled primarily by large‐scale monsoon intensity and upstream precipitation over the tropical Indo‐Pacific region, which influence the δ18O of incoming moisture. Spatial correlations with sea surface temperature and precipitation, composite analyses, and time series analyses show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also plays a key role in modulating interannual precipitation δ18Op variability in the region, especially in northern India and Southeast Asia, with positive δ18Op anomalies during El Niño years reflecting increased contribution of high δ18O moisture from the nearby Bay of Bengal. Coherent interannual to decadal δ18O variations seen in high‐resolution proxy records from across the Asian monsoon region, likely record monsoon intensity and upstream rainout, whereas ENSO related variability is likely to be strongest in records from northern India and Southeast Asia, with the largest anomalies expected when weak monsoons and El Niño occur together.
Hydrograph variances over different timescales in hydropower production networks
Authors: Zmijewski Nicholas , Wörman Anders
Published: July 2016

The operation of water reservoirs involves a spectrum of timescales based on the distribution of stream flow travel times between reservoirs, as well as the technical, environmental, and social constraints imposed on the operation. In this research, a hydrodynamically based description of the flow between hydropower stations was implemented to study the relative importance of wave diffusion on the spectrum of hydrograph variance in a regulated watershed. Using spectral decomposition of the effluence hydrograph of a watershed, an exact expression of the variance in the outflow response was derived, as a function of the trends of hydraulic and geomorphologic dispersion and management of production and reservoirs. We show that the power spectra of involved time‐series follow nearly fractal patterns, which facilitates examination of the relative importance of wave diffusion and possible changes in production demand on the outflow spectrum. The exact spectral solution can also identify statistical bounds of future demand patterns due to limitations in storage capacity. The impact of the hydraulic description of the stream flow on the reservoir discharge was examined for a given power demand in River Dalälven, Sweden, as function of a stream flow Peclet number. The regulation of hydropower production on the River Dalälven generally increased the short‐term variance in the effluence hydrograph, whereas wave diffusion decreased the short‐term variance over periods of <1 week, depending on the Peclet number (Pe) of the stream reach. This implies that flow variance becomes more erratic (closer to white noise) as a result of current production objectives.
Change in streamflow response in unregulated catchments in Sweden over the last century
Authors: Åkesson Anna , Wörman Anders , Riml Joakim , Seibert Jan
Published: July 2016

A Fourier spectral analysis of daily discharge time series over the last century in 79 unregulated catchments in Sweden reveals a significant gradual steepening of the discharge power spectrum slope over time. Where historical meteorological observations are available (the 41 southernmost catchments), the results of our analyses indicate that local land use changes within the catchments have affected discharge power spectra to a greater extent than have changes in precipitation patterns. 1‐D distributed routing analysis based on current and historical maps and scenario modeling in the Törnestorp Catchment suggests that changes in stream network properties have led to increases in the hydraulic Péclet number (
) and subsequent decreases in the discharge power spectrum over short periods. The analysis displays analytically how a change in stream network properties can result in changes in the power spectra, where the relative importance of the geomorphological and hydrodynamic dispersion effects determines the shape of the streamflow response. The lowering of the discharge power spectrum over short periods observed for many Swedish catchments is likely caused by increasing
(a decrease in dispersion) over time, resulting in higher peak values, especially for rapid streamflow responses (i.e., over short periods), demonstrated empirically for the Törnestorp case study. The finding that the discharge power spectrum can change significantly over time highlights the need for hydrological models to account for the effect of the nonstationarity of parameters that result from temporal change caused by land use change and/or climate change that is due to anthropogenic or natural causes.
Turmoil at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica): Degassing and eruptive processes inferred from high‐frequency gas monitoring
Authors: de Moor J. Maarten , Aiuppa A. , Avard G. , Wehrmann H. , Dunbar N. , Muller C. , Tamburello G. , Giudice G. , Liuzzo M. , Moretti R. , Conde V. , Galle B.
Published: July 2016

Eruptive activity at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica) has escalated significantly since 2014, causing airport and school closures in the capital city of San José. Whether or not new magma is involved in the current unrest seems probable but remains a matter of debate as ash deposits are dominated by hydrothermal material. Here we use high‐frequency gas monitoring to track the behavior of the volcano between 2014 and 2015 and to decipher magmatic versus hydrothermal contributions to the eruptions. Pulses of deeply derived CO2‐rich gas (CO2/Stotal > 4.5) precede explosive activity, providing a clear precursor to eruptive periods that occurs up to 2 weeks before eruptions, which are accompanied by shallowly derived sulfur‐rich magmatic gas emissions. Degassing modeling suggests that the deep magmatic reservoir is ~8–10 km deep, whereas the shallow magmatic gas source is at ~3–5 km. Two cycles of degassing and eruption are observed, each attributed to pulses of magma ascending through the deep reservoir to shallow crustal levels. The magmatic degassing signals were overprinted by a fluid contribution from the shallow hydrothermal system, modifying the gas compositions, contributing volatiles to the emissions, and reflecting complex processes of scrubbing, displacement, and volatilization. H2S/SO2 varies over 2 orders of magnitude through the monitoring period and demonstrates that the first eruptive episode involved hydrothermal gases, whereas the second did not. Massive degassing (>3000 T/d SO2 and H2S/SO2 > 1) followed, suggesting boiling off of the hydrothermal system. The gas emissions show a remarkable shift to purely magmatic composition (H2S/SO2 < 0.05) during the second eruptive period, reflecting the depletion of the hydrothermal system or the establishment of high‐temperature conduits bypassing remnant hydrothermal reservoirs, and the transition from phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruptive activity.
The role of crystallization‐driven exsolution on the sulfur mass balance in volcanic arc magmas
Authors: Su Y. , Huber Christian , Bachmann Olivier , Zajacz Zoltán , Wright Heather , Vazquez Jorge
Published: July 2016

The release of large amounts of sulfur to the stratosphere during explosive eruptions affects the radiative balance in the atmosphere and consequentially impacts climate for up to several years after the event. Quantitative estimations of the processes that control the mass balance of sulfur between melt, crystals, and vapor bubbles is needed to better understand the potential sulfur yield of individual eruption events and the conditions that favor large sulfur outputs to the atmosphere. The processes that control sulfur partitioning in magmas are (1) exsolution of volatiles (dominantly H2O) during decompression (first boiling) and during isobaric crystallization (second boiling), (2) the crystallization and breakdown of sulfide or sulfate phases in the magma, and (3) the transport of sulfur‐rich vapor (gas influx) from deeper unerupted regions of the magma reservoir. Vapor exsolution and the formation/breakdown of sulfur‐rich phases can all be considered as closed‐system processes where mass balance arguments are generally easier to constrain, whereas the contribution of sulfur by vapor transport (open system process) is more difficult to quantify. The ubiquitous “excess sulfur” problem, which refers to the much higher sulfur mass released during eruptions than what can be accounted for by amount of sulfur originally dissolved in erupted melt, as estimated from melt inclusion sulfur concentrations (the “petrologic estimate”), reflects the challenges in closing the sulfur mass balance between crystals, melt, and vapor before and during a volcanic eruption. In this work, we try to quantify the relative importance of closed‐ and open‐system processes for silicic arc volcanoes using kinetic models of sulfur partitioning during exsolution. Our calculations show that crystallization‐induced exsolution (second boiling) can generate a significant fraction of the excess sulfur observed in crystal‐rich arc magmas. This result does not negate the important role of vapor migration in sulfur mass balance but rather points out that second boiling (in situ exsolution) can provide the necessary yield to drive the excess sulfur to the levels observed for crystal‐rich systems. In contrast, in crystal‐poor systems, magma recharge that releases sulfur‐rich bubbles is necessary and most likely the primary contributor to sulfur mass balance. Finally, we apply our model to account for the effect of sulfur partitioning during second boiling and its impact on sulfur released during the Cerro Galan supereruption in Argentina (2.08 Ma) and show the potential importance of second boiling in releasing a large amount of sulfur to the atmosphere during the eruption of large crystal‐rich ignimbrites.
Indoor localization using FM radio and DTMB signals
Authors: Wu H. , Wang Q. , Zhao Y. , Ma X. , Yang M. , Liu B. , Tang R. , Xu X.
Published: July 2016

Indoor localization systems based on Wi‐Fi signal strength fingerprinting techniques are widely used in office buildings. However, a general problem of these systems pertains to Wi‐Fi signal degradation due to the environmental factors. And also, these systems cannot be used in the environments not covered with Wi‐Fi signals or the environments with only a single Wi‐Fi access point. In this paper, a new indoor location fingerprinting system using both FM radio and Digital Television Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) signals is proposed. First, the indoor location fingerprinting using FM radio and DTMB signals is theoretically analyzed to confirm its feasibility. Then, a specially designed combined strength fingerprinting location algorithm is proposed for the location system, which is achieved on the USRP2 platform. Finally, the system is tested in a typical indoor environment. The theoretical analysis and the tests show that the indoor location fingerprinting system using FM radio and DTMB signals has a similar localization accuracy to the Wi‐Fi signal strength fingerprinting location system, while it has a wider coverage area, a lower maintenance cost, and more stable signal strength, which makes it a practical indoor positioning method.
Impact of topography on groundwater salinization due to ocean surge inundation
Authors: Yu Xuan , Yang Jie , Graf Thomas , Koneshloo Mohammad , O'Neal Michael A. , Michael Holly A.
Published: July 2016

Sea‐level rise and increases in the frequency and intensity of ocean surges caused by climate change are likely to exacerbate adverse effects on low‐lying coastal areas. The landward flow of water during ocean surges introduces salt to surficial coastal aquifers and threatens groundwater resources. Coastal topographic features (e.g., ponds, dunes, barrier islands, and channels) likely have a strong impact on overwash and salinization processes, but are generally highly simplified in modeling studies. To understand topographic impacts on groundwater salinization, we modeled a theoretical overwash event and variable‐density groundwater flow and salt transport in 3‐D using the fully coupled surface and subsurface numerical simulator, HydroGeoSphere. The model simulates the coastal aquifer as an integrated system considering overland flow, coupled surface and subsurface exchange, variably saturated flow, and variable‐density groundwater flow. To represent various coastal landscape types, we simulated both synthetic fields and real‐world coastal topography from Delaware, USA. The groundwater salinization assessment suggested that the topographic connectivity promoting overland flow controls the volume of aquifer that is salinized. In contrast, the amount of water that can be stored in surface depressions determines the amount of seawater that infiltrates the subsurface and the time for seawater to flush from the aquifer. Our study suggests that topography has a significant impact on groundwater salinization due to ocean surge overwash, with important implications for coastal land management and groundwater vulnerability assessment.
Polydopamine‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide Loaded with Gold Nanostars and Doxorubicin for Combined Photothermal and Chemotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Fengyang , Sun Qianqian , Feng Bing , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Junying , Xu Jie , Lu Linlin , Yu Haijun , Wang Mingwei , Li Yaping , Zhang Wen
Published: July 2016

Breast cancer is the leading cancer type diagnosed in the female population, and cancer metastasis is the main reason for cancer‐caused mortality. A novel nanoplatform is herein presented integrating polydopamine‐functionalized nanosized reduced graphene oxide (NRGO), gold nanostars (GNS), and doxorubicin (DOX) (denoted as NRGO‐GNS@DOX) for combinational treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Upon localized near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the NRGO‐GNS@DOX nanocomposites induce significant cytotoxicity in 4T1 breast cancer cells due to a cumulative therapy effect of NRGO‐GNS‐elicited hyperthermia and DOX‐induced cytotoxicity. Antitumor studies in orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor‐bearing nude mice demonstrate that NRGO‐GNS@DOX in combination with NIR laser irradiation inhibit the tumor growth and suppress the lung metastasis. Contribution of DOX‐caused apoptosis of the cancer cells and hyperthermia‐induced deconstruction of the tumor‐associated blood vessels may account for the superior antitumor performance of the NRGO‐GNS@DOX nanocomposites. These results imply a good potential of NRGO‐GNS@DOX for combined photothermal and chemotherapy of the metastatic cancer.
Visible and Near‐Infrared Photothermal Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Gaseous CO2 over Nanostructured Pd@Nb2O5
Authors: Jia Jia , O'Brien Paul G. , He Le , Qiao Qiao , Fei Teng , Reyes Laura M. , Burrow Timothy E. , Dong Yuchan , Liao Kristine , Varela Maria , Pennycook Stephen J. , Hmadeh Mohamad , Helmy Amr S. , Kherani Nazir P. , Perovic Doug D. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2016

The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction driven by Nb2O5 nanorod‐supported Pd nanocrystals without external heating using visible and near infrared (NIR) light is demonstrated. By measuring the dependence of the RWGS reaction rates on the intensity and spectral power distribution of filtered light incident onto the nanostructured Pd@Nb2O5 catalyst, it is determined that the RWGS reaction is activated photothermally. That is the RWGS reaction is initiated by heat generated from thermalization of charge carriers in the Pd nanocrystals that are excited by interband and intraband absorption of visible and NIR light. Taking advantage of this photothermal effect, a visible and NIR responsive Pd@Nb2O5 hybrid catalyst that efficiently hydrogenates CO2 to CO at an impressive rate as high as 1.8 mmol gcat−1 h−1 is developed. The mechanism of this photothermal reaction involves H2 dissociation on Pd nanocrystals and subsequent spillover of H to the Nb2O5 nanorods whereupon adsorbed CO2 is hydrogenated to CO. This work represents a significant enhancement in our understanding of the underlying mechanism of photothermally driven CO2 reduction and will help guide the way toward the development of highly efficient catalysts that exploit the full solar spectrum to convert gas‐phase CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels.
Process evaluation of two participatory approaches: Implementing total worker health® interventions in a correctional workforce
Authors: Dugan Alicia G. , Farr Dana A. , Namazi Sara , Henning Robert A. , Wallace Kelly N. , El Ghaziri Mazen , Punnett Laura , Dussetschleger Jeffrey L. , Cherniack Martin G.
Published: July 2016

Background

Correctional Officers (COs) have among the highest injury rates and poorest health of all the public safety occupations. The HITEC‐2 (Health Improvement Through Employee Control‐2) study uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) to design and implement interventions to improve health and safety of COs.

Method

HITEC‐2 compared two different types of participatory program, a CO‐only “Design Team” (DT) and “Kaizen Event Teams” (KET) of COs and supervisors, to determine differences in implementation process and outcomes. The Program Evaluation Rating Sheet (PERS) was developed to document and evaluate program implementation.

Results

Both programs yielded successful and unsuccessful interventions, dependent upon team‐, facility‐, organizational, state‐, facilitator‐, and intervention‐level factors.

Conclusions

PAR in corrections, and possibly other sectors, depends upon factors including participation, leadership, continuity and timing, resilience, and financial circumstances. The new PERS instrument may be useful in other sectors to assist in assessing intervention success. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:897–918, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Diheteroatomic Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Vchislo N. V.
Published: July 2016

The recent increase in interest in the chemistry of azoles has been owing to their paramount importance in several essential fields of research, such as pharmacology, medicine, biology, the organic synthesis of fine chemicals, agricultural chemistry, and the chemical industry. This Focus Review summarizes and highlights recently developed methods for the synthesis of five‐membered N,N‐, N,O‐, and N,S‐heterocycles based on the transformations of 2‐alkenals. Over the last 15 years, these reactions, which often differ from reactions involving other α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds in terms of method and results, have gathered significant momentum. The multitude of catalytic and technological novelties discussed in this Focus Review, such as asymmetric metal‐ and organocatalysis, one‐pot multicomponent reactions that proceed through domino, cascade, or tandem sequences, and microwave activation, promote the formation of a diverse range of target products, the structures of which become clear from the mechanistic schemes given in this Focus Review. The mechanisms discussed reflect great advances in the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity of the reactions of 2‐alkenals, which allows new azoles and related compounds (imidazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, and their hydrogenated derivatives) to be synthesized.
Carbonylation of Anthranilic Acid with Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides to Synthesize Benzoxazinone Derivatives
Authors: Chavan Sujit P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: July 2016

A simple and efficient, PdCl2(PhCN)2/P(tBu)3⋅HBF4‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of anthranilic acid with aryl bromide was investigated for the synthesis of benzoxazinones under mild reaction conditions. The developed protocol has been extended for the synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3 H)‐ones. Furthermore, the tolerance of a wide range of functional groups on anthranilic acid as well as on aryl bromide demonstrates the practical utility of the protocol.
Anisotropy‐assisted non‐scattering coherent absorption of surface plasmon‐polaritons
Authors: Ignatov Anton I. , Nechepurenko Igor A. , Baranov Denis G.
Published: July 2016

The ability to control propagation of electromagnetic guided modes lies at the heart of integrated nanophotonics. Surface plasmon‐polaritons are a class of guided modes which can be employed in integrated optical systems. Here, we present a theoretical design of a coherent surface plasmon absorber which can perfectly harvest energy of coherently incident surface plasmons without parasitic scattering into free space modes. Excitation of free space modes which usually accompanies scattering of a surface plasmon by an interface boundary is avoided due to specially tailored anisotropy of the absorber. The concept of coherent SPP absorber is analyzed numerically for spatially non‐uniform and finite‐size structures. We believe that our results will be important for the development of integrated nanoplasmonic systems.
One‐Step Assembly of Phytic Acid Metal Complexes for Superhydrophilic Coatings
Authors: Li Longbiao , Zhang Guangyu , Su Zhaohui
Published: July 2016

While of immense scientific interest, superhydrophilic surfaces are usually difficult to prepare, and preparation methods are typically substrate specific. Herein, a one‐step coating method is described that can endow superhydrophilicity to a variety of substrates, both inorganic and organic, using the coordination complexes of natural phytic acid and FeIII ions. Coating deposition occurs in minutes, and coatings are ultrathin, colorless, and transparent. Superhydrophilicity is attributed, in part, to the high density of phosphonic acid groups. The ease, rapidness, and mildness of the assembly process, which is also cost‐effective and environmental‐friendly, points towards potential applications, such as self‐cleaning, oil/water separation, antifogging.
Constructing Interfacial Energy Transfer for Photon Up‐ and Down‐Conversion from Lanthanides in a Core–Shell Nanostructure
Authors: Zhou Bo , Tao Lili , Chai Yang , Lau Shu Ping , Zhang Qinyuan , Tsang Yuen Hong
Published: July 2016

We report a new mechanistic strategy for controlling and modifying the photon emission of lanthanides in a core–shell nanostructure by using interfacial energy transfer. By taking advantage of this mechanism with Gd3+ as the energy donor, we have realized efficient up‐ and down‐converted emissions from a series of lanthanide emitters (Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Sm3+) in these core–shell nanoparticles, which do not need a migratory host sublattice. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the Gd3+‐mediated interfacial energy transfer, in contrast to energy migration, is the leading process contributing to the photon emission of lanthanide dopants for the NaGdF4@NaGdF4 core–shell system. Our finding suggests a new direction for research into better control of energy transfer at the nanometer length scale, which would help to stimulate new concepts for designing and improving photon emission of the lanthanide‐based luminescent materials.
The Political Economy of Road Management Reform: Papua New Guinea's National Road Fund
Authors: Dornan Matthew
Published: July 2016

Papua New Guinea's (PNG's) road system is in a parlous state after decades of neglect. More than half of the roads in the country require urgent rehabilitation. The PNG Government sought from 2003 to address the problem through the establishment of a Road Fund designed to earmark revenue for road management. Development partners supported these efforts, which were similar to reforms implemented in other parts of the world. This article examines the establishment of an independent road fund and road management agency in PNG. It finds that these reforms have not markedly improved road conditions, and that they have been undermined by a lack of support from political leaders and parts of the civil service. The article's conclusion, that the establishment of a road fund is no panacea against political obstacles to road maintenance funding, is relevant to a broader literature concerning the establishment of independent institutions to address governance challenges.
Ein Modell zur Berechnung des Verformungsverhaltens von horizontal hochzyklisch beanspruchten Pfählen
Authors: Triantafyllidis Theodorus , Chrisopoulos Stylianos
Published: July 2016

Für die Prognose des Verformungsverhaltens horizontal hochzyklisch beanspruchter, langer oder mittellanger Pfähle, eingelagert in nichtbindigen Böden, wird ein vereinfachtes Ingenieurmodell für dränierte Verhältnisse, basierend auf dem hochzyklischen Akkumulationsmodell (HCA) von Niemunis, Wichtmann und Triantafyllidis [1], entwickelt. Die monotone Bodenverformung unter statischer Belastung wird durch elastische Federn um den Pfahl approximiert, wobei die Bodenverformungsakkumulation unter zyklischer Beanspruchung (zyklisches Kriechen) durch in Reihe hinter den Federn geschaltete quasi viskose Dämpfer nach dem HCA‐Modell modelliert wird. Die quasi viskosen Dämpfer repräsentieren die akkumulierten Verformungen infolge der Zyklenanzahl (zyklisches Kriechen). Diese Betrachtung ist größtenteils physikalisch durch Elementversuche abgesichert. Zusammen mit dem Pfahl stellen die Feder‐Dämpfer‐Elemente ein elastisch gebettetes Balkensystem dar. Zwei Varianten des Modells mit einer beidseitigen Anordnung von Federn und Dämpfern auf der Lee‐ und Luv‐Seite und einer einseitigen Anordnung nur auf der Lee‐Seite werden vorgestellt. Die berechnete Pfahlverschiebungsprognose des Modells wird den Ergebnissen von bereits in der Literatur vorhandenen Ingenieurmodellen und der Lösung einer 3‐D‐Finite‐Elemente‐Simulation mit dem HCA‐Modell gegenübergestellt.
Lager‐ und Abfüllanlagen in Biogasanlagen – Zulassungen für Bauprodukte und Bauarten
Authors: Kluge Ullrich , Merkel Roswitha , Westphal‐Kay Brigitte
Published: July 2016

Unter Berücksichtigung der Vorschriften des Bau‐ und Wasserrechts können seit September 2015 für Bauprodukte und Bauarten zur Verwendung in Lager‐ und Abfüllanlagen in Biogasanlagen (Biogas‐LA‐Anlagen) bauordnungsrechtliche Verwendbarkeitsnachweise erteilt werden. Der Beitrag erläutert, welche bau‐ und wasserrechtlichen Vorschriften und Bestimmungen für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für diese Verwendung erfüllt sein bzw. berücksichtigt werden müssen.

Die Anforderungen aus beiden Rechtsbereichen haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf Eigenschaften von Bauprodukten und Bauarten, die gegenüber Gärsubstraten und Gärresten verwendet werden sollen. Im Besonderen wirken sich die wasserrechtlichen Anforderungen an solche Anlagen verschärfend auf die Verwendbarkeit von Bauprodukten und somit auch auf Funktions‐ und Eignungsnachweise aus.

Es werden allgemeingültige Sachverhalte dargestellt, die für jede Zulassungserarbeitung und ‐erteilung für Bauprodukte und Bauarten zur Verwendung Biogas‐LA‐Anlagen gelten. Der Artikel zeigt spezielle Aspekte der Zulassungserarbeitung für ausgewählte Bauprodukte und Bauarten auf. Ebenso werden Hinweise für Produkthersteller gegeben. Es wird auf die fachkundige und qualifizierte Planung eingegangen und es werden spezielle Regelungen in Zulassungen für Bauprodukte oder Bauarten sowohl für Fachbetriebe und Sachverständige nach Wasserrecht als auch für Betreiber von Biogas‐LA‐Anlagen erläutert, die zu erfüllen bzw. zu beachten sind.
Highly luminescent S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots‐sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol–H2O2 system for the determination of ranitidine
Authors: Chen Jianqiu , Shu Juan , Chen Jiao , Cao Zhiran , Xiao An , Yan Zhengyu
Published: July 2016

S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots (N,S‐CQDs) with super high quantum yield (79%) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. N,S‐CQDs can enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H2O2 system. The possible mechanism of the luminol–H2O2–(N,S‐CQDs) was illustrated by using chemiluminescence, photoluminescence and ultraviolet analysis. Ranitidine can quench the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H2O2–N,S‐CQDs system. So, a novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence method was designed to determine ranitidine within a linear range of 0.5–50 μg ml−1 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg ml−1. The method shows promising application prospects.