bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip and groin pain in sub-elite South African footballers
Authors: Dowson D J
Published: July 2016

Background. Groin injuries are common in football. This can be attributed to the nature of the sport involving rapid accelerations, decelerations, abrupt directional changes and kicking. Groin injuries require lengthy rehabilitation times and predispose players to further injuries. Previous groin injury is a risk factor for future groin injuries, suggesting players are inadequately rehabilitated or the original cause has not been addressed. Objectives. To describe the prevalence, nature and treatment patterns of groin injuries in sub-elite players, and to investigate differences in hip strength and range of motion between players with and without a history of groin injury. Method. Thirty sub-elite, senior university male players were interviewed and questioned regarding groin injuries sustained in the preceding three years. They were assessed using the HAGOS questionnaire, and underwent isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor squeeze and range of motion tests. Results. Seventeen players (57%) reported having a previous groin injury, with an average score of 83 (16) [mean (SD)] on the HAGOS, compared with 92 (5) for non-injured players. Of the previously injured players, 29% did not seek treatment from a medical professional. Injuries included adductor strain (35%), inguinal-related (18%), iliopsoas-related (12%) and hip joint pathology (6%). The average time off was 25 days. There were no significant differences in isokinetic hip flexion/extension strength, adductor strength and range of motion. Conclusion. The prevalence of groin injuries in this population is relatively high (57%) and requires lengthy rehabilitation time. The HAGOS is a suitable tool to identify groin pain in this population within the sports and recreation and quality of life subscales. Isokinetic hip strength and range of motion testing lacked sensitivity in detecting deficits in players with a previous groin injury. Only two-thirds of injured players consulted a medical practitioner, increasing the likelihood that rehabilitation was inadequate. It is therefore recommended that player/coach education regarding injury management improve in order to reduce subsequent injuries. Keywords. HAGOS, groin injury, prevalence, range of motion, isokinetic strength
Post-exercise ingestion of a carbohydrate and casein hydrolysate supplement reduces perceived muscle soreness but not fatigue in Sevens Rugby Players
Authors: Bosch A N
Published: July 2016

Objectives. This study investigated the effects of prolonged use of a protein (casein hydrolysate) supplement on perceived muscle soreness and fatigue, in international level Sevens rugby players (n=23) during a pre-season training camp. Methods. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. Players were assigned to a carbohydrate-only or an isocaloric carbohydrate and protein supplement and ingested the assigned supplement after each training session (17 field training sessions over a 23-day period). Before each training session a questionnaire and 10-point visual analogue scale was completed that assessed muscle soreness and muscle fatigue in the calf, hamstring, and quadriceps. Results. No significant differences were observed in leg fatigue in any of the muscle groups. However, muscle soreness was significantly lower in the experimental group in the quadriceps at Week 3, Day 5 (p=0.04) and calves at Week 4, Day 2 (p=0.02) and Day 3 (p=0.04). Additionally, no significant differences were found during the Heart rate Interval Monitoring System Test (p=0.350) used to determine training load recovery. Conclusion. The results suggest that prolonged use of a protein hydrolysate supplement may be beneficial in reducing muscle soreness, but not muscle fatigue, during periods of continuous high training loads. Keywords. Supplement, protein feeding, recovery
ENGLISH LITERATURE TEACHING: AN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Novianti Nita
Published: July 2016

Literature has gained an increasingly important place in language learning. Particularly in the EFL context, it has been regarded as beneficial for the improvement of English skills. However, there is not much attention given to the teaching of English literature for the sake of literature, not merely as a tool or technique in language learning, especially in Indonesia. The research therefore aims to investigate the teaching of English literature to EFL students in Indonesian universities. More specifically, it attempts to find how English literature lecturers select literary texts, what problems encountered by lecturers in teaching English literature to EFL students, and how they cope with the problems. A case study to three lecturers teaching three different literature courses in a state university in Indonesia was conducted. The findings show that: First, lengths, levels of language difficulty, canonical status, and the cultural background of the author become the main consideration for selecting the literary texts to teach; Second, the problems encountered are of threefold, namely reading habit, English proficiency, and resources; and Third, some of the strategies to cope with the problems consist of individual reading assignment, reading group, and taking the most advantage of the internet for teaching resources. This research has demonstrated that there are many areas for further studies in the teaching of English literature to EFL students in Indonesia, finding effective teaching models is one of them.
CONGRATULATION STRATEGIES OF JORDANIAN EFL POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Al-Shboul Yasser , Huwari Ibrahim Fathi
Published: July 2016

This study investigates congratulation strategies used by Jordanian EFL postgraduate students. It also investigates the types of positive politeness strategies in the congratulation speech act. Data were collected using an adopted version of discourse completion test (DCT) by Dastjerdi and Nasri (2013). Data were encoded and analyzed based on the taxonomy of congratulation strategy proposed by Elwood (2004). Furthermore, data were analyzed based on a modified version of positive politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). Findings revealed that the most frequently used strategies of congratulation were illocutionary force indicating devise (IFID), offer of good wishes, and expression of happiness. Regarding the positive politeness strategies, findings revealed that the most frequently used strategies by the participants were giving gift to listener, exaggeration, and ingroup identity marker. The study concludes with a discussion of important directions for future research such as including more participants with different social background. The results are expected to be useful information in cross-cultural comparison studies and other related areas.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG BRAIN HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE, ATTITUDE TOWARDS L1 AND L2, GENDER, AND LEARNING SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Hadi , Zekrati Sorour
Published: July 2016

Oral skills are important components of language competence. To have good and acceptable listening and speaking, one must have good pronunciation, which encompasses segmental and suprasegmental features. Despite extensive studies on the role of segmental features and related issues in listening and speaking, there is paucity of research on the role of suprasegmental features in the same domain. Conducting studies which aim at shedding light on the issues related to learning suprasegmental features can help language teachers and learners in the process of teaching/learning English as a foreign language. To this end, this study was designed to investigate the relationship among brain hemispheric dominance, gender, attitudes towards L1 and L2, and learning suprasegmental features in Iranian EFL learners. First, 200 Intermediate EFL learners were selected from different English language teaching institutes in Hamedan and Isfahan, two provinces in Iran, as the sample. Prior to the main stage of the study, Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was used to homogenize the proficiency level of all the participants. Then, the participants were asked to complete the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire to determine their dominant hemisphere. They were also required to answer two questionnaires regarding their attitudes towards L1 and L2. Finally, the participants took suprasegmental features test. The results of the independent samples t-tests indicated left-brained language learners’ superiority in observing and learning suprasegmental features. It was also found that females are better than males in producing suprasegmental features. Furthermore, the results of Pearson Product Moment Correlations indicated that there is significant relationship between attitude towards L2 and learning suprasegmental features. However, no significant relationship was found between attitude towards L1 and learning English suprasegmental features. The findings of this study can provide English learners, teachers and developers of instructional materials with some theoretical and pedagogical implications which are discussed in the paper.
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS /ð/ AND /θ/ BY ADULT VIETNAMESE EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Bui Thien Sao
Published: July 2016

This study examined the pronunciation of consonants /ð/ & /θ/ by adult Vietnamese learners of English. Ten adult Vietnamese learners of English were selected to be the sample for the audiotape observation, which aimed at identifying the participants’ mistakes in pronouncing /ð/ and /θ/. Secondly, 115 learners of English in Vietnam were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the causes of their pronunciation errors. The findings indicated that substitution phenomenon was a dominant problem in the students’ pronunciation of /θ/ and /ð/. The most outstanding problem in pronouncing the consonant /θ/ was replacing this sound by Vietnamese /t‘/. With regards to /ð/ sound, it was most frequently mispronounced as /z/. Besides, there was a new kind of mistake found: it was the tendency to pronounce /dʒ/ instead of /ð/, which has not been reported ever. Apart from that, participants also confirmed some causes of their erroneous pronunciation. As perceived by the learners themselves, the most popular causes of their problems were the lack of English exposure and practice, which implicated that an effective environment for using English was highly necessary.
AN OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAN LOANWORDS FROM FRENCH
Authors: Hardini Tri Indri , Grangé Philippe
Published: July 2016

When two languages come into contact, they exert a reciprocal influence, often unbalanced. A phenomenon that often occurs in case of language contact is the absorption or borrowing of lexical elements, which will enrich the vocabulary of the receiving language. In this article, we deal with words adopted from French in Indonesian and vice-versa. This research shows that most of the words of French origin in Indonesian/Malay language were borrowed through Dutch. Historical background explains why there are no direct loanwords from French language in Indonesian. Nowadays, a second batch of words originating from Old French finds their way into Indonesian through English. On the other hand, very few words from Malay-Indonesian origin were borrowed in French, and their route was not straight either: they were conveyed through Portuguese or Dutch. Phonological adaptation and shift of meaning may have happen when the words were loaned from French to Dutch language or later, when adapted from Dutch into Indonesian language. The data analysed in this article may help teachers of French as a Foreign Language in Indonesia, as well as teachers of Indonesian as a Foreign Language in French-speaking countries, to predict which words will be immediately recognized by their students, and when they should pay extra-attention to faux-amis (cognates whose meanings differ).
Orthodontic Consideration in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Einy Shmuel , Hazan-Molina Hagai , Ben-Barak Ayelet , Aizenbud Dror
Published: July 2016

Objective: Beta Thalassemia (βT) patients present a unique facial appearance and specific craniofacial, jaw and dental patterns. Although this anomaly often requires orthodontic management, βT patients have received scant attention in the orthodontic and dental literature over the past 50 years. The aim of this article is to review the characteristic craniofacial and dental manifestation pattern of βT patients and to emphasize their preferred orthodontic management protocol by presenting a βT orthodontic treated patient. Case report: A 10 year old patient presented with a complaint of severe esthetic and functional disorders due to her diagnosis of βT. We initiated orthodontic treatment including a combined orthopedic and functional treatment modality to improve facial appearance. Results: Maxillary restraint and increased mandibular size during treatment along with an increase in the vertical dimension were achieved. The patient presented with Angle class I molar relationship, with reduction of the excessive overjet and deep overbite. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment comprised of maxillary orthopedic treatment directed especially toward premaxilla with light forces, and mandibular modification by functional appliance along with fixed orthodontic treatment is recommended in βT patients.
Severe Anterior Open Bite during Mixed Dentition Treated with Palatal Spurs
Authors: Nascimento Mauro Henrique Andrade , de Araújo Telma Martins , Machado Andre Wilson
Published: July 2016

Deleterious oral habits, such as non-nutritive sucking or tongue thrusting, if not intercepted at an early stage can cause complex malocclusions. This manuscript describes a clinical case report of a successful interception of a severe anterior dental open bite caused by thumb sucking and tongue thrusting habits. The case involved a six-year-old female patient treated with the use of palatal spurs and maxillary removable crib followed by monitoring the development of dental occlusion. At the end of the interceptive phase acceptable results were achieved, showing the efficacy of the treatment undertaken as well the importance of an early intervention to remove harmful oral habits.
Efficacy and Stability of Two in-Office Bleaching Agents in Adolescents: 12 Months Follow-Up
Authors: Bacaksiz Ayca , Tulunoglu Ozlem , Tulunoglu Ibrahim
Published: July 2016

Objective: Although there are several clinical studies on in office vital bleaching in adults, there are no Randomized Clinical Trials for the efficacy of this application in adolescents. The aim the study was to evaluate the efficiency of two bleaching systems on adolescents for twelve-months follow-up. Study design: Twenty-eight volunteers, aged between 13–18, randomly divided into two groups. Two commercial in-office bleaching systems were used: G1 (n=14): Zoom2 25 % HP with UV light and G2 (n=14): Beaming White 36% HP with LED light in a single 3x15minute procedure. The color assessment was made with a spectrophometer; before and after bleaching; 48 hours; 1, 6 and 12 months later. Color enhancement and maintenance of two techniques over 12 months were compared by two ways ANOVA and Student's t test. Sensitivity was evaluated on a scale with Wilcoxon test. Results: Both groups demonstrated similar and significant tooth color enhancement and did not reveal any statistically significant differences between them. However, a relapse of the tooth shade was observed with the low concentration agent/ultraviolet light system. No sensitivity was observed in any patients. Conclusion: Two in-office bleaching systems can be used successfully on young permanent teeth. For long-term successful results, high concentration/LED light may be more effective.
Dental Anxiety of Parents in an Israeli Kibbutz Population and their Prediction of their Children's Behavior in the Dental Office
Authors: Ratson Tal , Blumer Sigalit , Peretz Benjamin
Published: July 2016

Background: Previous studies have suggested that a child's dental anxiety is mainly influenced by the maternal dental anxiety. As modern society evolves the conventional structure of the family changes and both parents take equal part in the child's upbringing. Aim: The aims of the present study were: 1. To evaluate and compare the levels of dental anxiety among kibbutz-bred and city-bred parents, whose children were dentally treated.; 2. To examine the effect of selected sociodemographic variables on parental attitudes toward the dental situation on their dental anxiety; 3. To assess the parents' ability to evaluate their children's future behavior at the dental office. Study design: seventy-four parents, 44 from a kibbutz and 31 that live in a city comprised the study population. Dental anxiety was assessed by using Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey. The future behavior of the parent's child in the dental office was evaluated by Parental assessment of child's behavior. Results: No significant difference was found in the level of dental anxiety between kibbutz-member parents and city parents. Gender had no significant influence on the levels of dental anxiety among parents. Conclusions: The old axiom that dental anxiety is more prevalent among women is questioned. Dental anxiety of children may be equally influenced by both parents.
Eugenol Toxicity in Human Dental Pulp Fibroblasts of Primary Teeth
Authors: Escobar-García Maria , Rodríguez-Contreras Karen , Ruiz-Rodríguez Socorro , Pierdant-Pérez Mauricio , Cerda-Cristerna Bernardino , Pozos-Guillén Amaury
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the eugenol concentrations at which toxicity occurs in human dental pulp fibroblasts of primary teeth. Study design: Samples of primary dental pulp tissue were taken. Tissue samples were seeded by means of explant technique and used in the 4th–5th pass. Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet), phenazine MeThoSulfate (MTS), LIVE/DEAD® Cell Viability/Toxicity and trypan blue assays for evaluation of the cytotoxicity of increasing concentrations of eugenol (0.06 to 810 μM) were performed. Results: The results of toxicity tests showed toxic effects on dental pulp fibroblasts, even at very low concentrations of eugenol (0.06 μM). Very low concentrations of eugenol produce high toxicity in human dental pulp fibroblasts. Conclusions: All of the concentrations of eugenol that we evaluated produced high toxicity in human dental pulp fibroblasts of primary teeth.
El Arcipreste de Hita y el subgénero ficcional de la epopeya alegórica
Authors: Balcells José María
Published: July 2016

Tres son los subgéneros ficcionales a los que se ha vinculado el episodio juanruiciano «De la pelea que ovo Don Carnal con la Quaresma»: los «debates»; la epopeya burlesca de tradición clásica y la epopeya. alegórica medieval. Examinado el relato bajo el prisma de los rasgos pertinentes que conforman los «debates», se concluye que no es razonable considerarlo como tal. Respecto al erróneo ligamen entre «De la pelea y la epopeya burlesca que remite a. la Batracomiomaquia, se argumentan razones para negar una relación intertextual entre la obrita helénica y Juan Ruiz. El referido episodio ha de adscribirse al subgénero de la epopeya burlesca alegórica, pero sus peculiaridades le confieren una fisonomía sur generis.

Juan Ruiz's episode «The battle between Meat and Lent» hay been related to three fictional subgenres: «debate poems; the mock- epic of the classical traclition and the medieval epic. Having examined the episode in the light of the pertinent features that constitute «debate poems», ave can conclude by stating that it is not reasonable to consider it as such. Regarding the mistaken con nection between «The battle between Meat and Lent» and the mock-epic of the classical tradition that leads us to Balracomiomaquia, several reasons are indicated to deny any intertextual relation between the Helenic work and Juan Ruiz. The said episode has to be related to the subgenre of allegoric mock epic, but its peculiarities suggest a phisiognomy sui generis.
Perífrasis verbales con infinitivo en documentación leonesa medieval
Authors: Egido Fernández María Cristina
Published: July 2016

El objeto de este trabajo es analizar las perífrasis verbales con infinitivo que aparecen en documentación procedente de distintas zonas del antiguo Reino de León.

El estudio se centra en textos notariales, pertenecientes en su mayoría al S XIII, y concretamente en los más de 600 documentos que constituyen la Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo (León), aunque también se han tenido en cuenta Fueros y documentación de otras áreas leonesas, como Salamanca, Zamora o Asturias. Las perífrasis con infinitivo más abundantes son las que tienen un valor modal. Igualmente se registran perífrasis que indican un orden del proceso (acción no realizada, acción habitual o continuación), aunque son menos frecuentes. En definitiva, los valores que presentan estas perífrasis en la documentación leonesa no difieren prácticamente en nada de los que se dan en el castellano medieval. No obstante, es preciso tener en cuenta que nos hallarnos ante textos escritos de tipo notarial, con un estilo especial y con abundancia de fórmulas fijas, que sólo reflejarán mínimamente toda la variedad de perífrasis que podían darse en la lengua hablada, perífrasis que de hecho se mantienen en la actualidad en amplias áreas dialectales asturleonesas.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the verbal periphrases with infinitives that appear in documentation from different areas of the ancient Kingdom of León.

The study is centred on notarial texts mainly from the 13th century and, more specifically, on the over 600 documents that make up the Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo (León), although Fueros (codos of law) and documents from other Le onese areas like Salamanca, Zamora and Asturias have also been taken into consideration.

The most commonly occurring periphrases whith infinitives are those that have a modal value. There are also periphrases that indicate an order of process (action not carried out, habitual or continuing action), although they are less frequent. In short, the values presentad by these periphrases in Leonese clocumentation differ hardly at all from those that appear in medieval Castilian. However, it should be remembered that we refer to notarial texts, written in a special style that uses many fixed formula expressions. This reflects only minimally all the varieties of periphrases that could appear in the spoken language and which do, in fact, still appear in wide AsturianLeonese dialectal arcas nowadays.
Aproximación a los romances antiguos: Un día de San Antón
Authors: García Montes Antonio
Published: July 2016

Aproximación a los romances antiguos: Un día de San Antón
Giordano Brunos Konzeption des schönen in De gli eroici furori
Authors: Kornmeier Bárbara
Published: July 2016

The main of this paper is to examine Giordano Bruno's conception of beauty his book De gli Eroici Furori. Firstly, I place Bruno's conception of beauty in the frame of his theory of knowledge, whose central problem is how we can know the divinity. Next, I connect Bruno's analysis of beauty with 'the problem of form and harmony, which is traced back to the classical problemof unity in variety. On this basis I examine the question about how we can know the beauty in the world. The knowledge of beauty requires that the beauty in the world is given a spiritual form, the unity of the idea, i.e. it requires the acknowledgement of its divine origin.
Adaptaciones de Marcial en autores ingleses y españoles en los siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Muñoz García de Iturrospe María Teresa
Published: July 2016

Adaptaciones de Marcial en autores ingleses y españoles en los siglos XVI-XVIII
Carreteros y arrieros de Sajambre. El intercambio de mercancías en la montaña oriental leonesa (SS. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Elena E.
Published: July 2016

Se analiza la carretería y el transporte con acémilas de mediana y larga
distancia que desarrollaron los habitantes del municipio leonés de Sajambre en los siglos
XVI, XVII y XVIII, mediante el estudio de las vías de comunicación utilizadas, las rutas y
destinos frecuentados, los medios de transporte y las mercancías. Entre otras aportaciones,
se proporciona la fecha más antigua de introducción y cultivo del maíz en la provincia de
León (1616); se documenta el tránsito por el Camino Real del Oriente, cuya trayectoria se
reconstruye; se atestiguan los viajes de los sajambriegos, con carros y con rocines, desde la
costa Cantábrica hasta la Sierra de Gredos; se amplía la relación de productos con los que
comerciaban los leoneses del siglo XVII
El enterramiento en los cementerios, un asunto de salud prioritario para los liberales de Mallorca en 1812
Authors: Rodríguez Morín Felipe
Published: July 2016

Aunque a partir de 1787 se habían adoptado medidas legislativas prohibiendo
enterrar a los muertos en las iglesias, diversos pretextos contribuyeron a que tal actividad
persistiera en España hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX. Los liberales, dignos continuadores
del espíritu ilustrado también en este su empeño de dar sepultura en cementerios fuera
de las poblaciones, van a gastar muchos esfuerzos en intentar cambiar los viejos hábitos
para adaptarlos a las exigencias de la ciencia y, en defi nitiva, al interés de la salud pública.
Como muestra de esa labor, traemos aquí el ejemplo de lo sucedido en Palma de Mallorca
después de que Miguel Domingo, editor del periódico que aglutinaba allí a los reformistas,
la Aurora Patriótica Mallorquina, diera a la luz un escrito denunciando aquella anticuada
praxis, originando con ello una extensa polémica en la prensa mallorquina
La mujer bajo el hábito: estudio histórico-antropológico en torno a la corporalidad en las vidas de las monjas de la Hispanoamérica colonial
Authors: Durán Cingerli Andrea Patricia
Published: July 2016

La presente tesis doctoral busca refl exionar sobre un capítulo que sigue reclamando
más atención por parte de los investigadores: el valor de lo corporal en
la construcción del arquetipo de la monja “virtuosa” durante la Hispanoamérica
colonial
Goniothalamus: Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Review
Authors: Shahzad Aslam Muhammad , Syarhabil Ahmad Muhammad , Soh Mamat Awang , Zamharir Ahmad Muhammad , Salam Faridah ,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 (KPPJ3), Kawasan Perindustrian Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 (KPPJ3), Kawasan Perindustrian Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3 (KPPJ3), Kawasan Perindustrian Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia,   Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,   Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2016

Goniothalamusspecies are used in widespread medicines for abortion, anti-aging, body pains, rheumatism, skin complaints, typhoid fever, tympanites, stomach ache and fever. The present study reviews the distribution of species along with their synonyms, their traditional usage, and correlated chemical compounds ofGoniothalamusspecies with stress on the authentication of their ethnobotanical uses. The findings in someGoniothalamusspecies suggest that the chemical nature of their derivatives, such as acetogenins and styryl-lactones, may justify the use of these species against cancer in Asian traditional medicines due to their cytotoxic potential.
Relative Study of Automated Testing Tools: Selenium, Quick Test Professional and Test Complete
Authors: Mendiratta Ms. Nancy , Kumar Dr. Rohit
Published: July 2016

Programming testing gives a way to diminish blunders, cutupkeep and general programming costs. Testing has turned out to be most imperative parameter on account of programming advancement lifecycle (SDLC). Testing computerization devices empowers designers and analyzers to effectively robotize the whole procedure of testing in programming advancement. It is to look at and adjust source code. Viable Testing creates amazing programming. The goal of the paper is to direct a near investigation of mechanized instruments, for example, accessible in business sector in Selenium free source, HP Quick test proficient(QTP) and Test Complete (TC). The point of this examination paper is to assess and contrast three computerized programming testing devices with decide their ease of use and adequacy. There is wide assortment of programming testing devices accessible in business sector. Programming testing instruments has real elements likes:web testing, window application and so on.
Public Relations (PR) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):A Review on Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Dr. Abhishek K.
Published: July 2016

This study is all about the significant issue of CSR and its link with the PR in the present era of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization). Effective CSR is very important for building brand image of the organization to maximize customers trust by promoting the social responsibility as a corporate duty of the corporate sector for human welfare and social development by enhancing the knowledge of audience, their interests and expectations, and ethical practices for communicating information. This paper attempted to review various companies in Indian corporate society and measure the value of public relations functions for the social awareness by effective communication. The purpose of this review is to constructively analyze the effectiveness of MNC’s CSR and Public Relations through various recent examples. The methodology adopted in this study is secondary.
Portrayal of Kashmir Terrorism in Bollywood Films: A Critical Analysis of Films: Roja, Mission Kashmir and Haider
Authors: Rabindranath Dr. M. , Kashyap Geeta , Nazir Arif
Published: July 2016

Kashmir valley over the years witnessed a huge socio-political change which has not just affected the people living there but the industries also. Bollywood is one such industry which was badly affected by the disturbances in the valley. The films made before 1990s and after that, have a lot of differences’ not just in terms of number of films made per year but thematic difference as well. A sudden change was seen in films made on Kashmir after 1990s where terrorism and related issues dominated the subject of such films. The research paper tried to look into the subject of films made after the revolt started in the valley, besides, the portrayal of Kashmir issue in such films.
TENDENCIAS Y PERSPECTIVAS DE NUEVOS ESCENARIOS EDUCACIONALES
Authors: Castellanos Samuel Luis Velazquez
Published: July 2016

Se analizan en este trabajo las tendencias educacionales provocadas por las transformaciones enlos planos económico, político, social y cultural. Se aborda la repercusión de estos cambios en la construcción denuevos escenarios que respondan a las exigencias de la posmodernidad. Se reflexiona sobre el papel de la racionalidadinstrumental deliberada en el mundo contemporáneo a partir de la perspectiva habermasiana. Se trata de lasimplicaciones de esta racionalidad en la configuración de la economía y del mercado del trabajo, en el desarrollo eimplantación de las nuevas tecnologías informacionales y, en la formación/calificación del profesor, discutiéndose laproyección del trabajo docente, tanto en el marco de actuación individual y colectiva, como también en lo particulary en lo global que emerge en el campo de la educación.Palabras clave: Tendencias educacionales. Racionalidad instrumental. Escenarios educativos.  TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS DE NOVOS CENÁRIOS EDUCACIONAISResumo: Analisam-se neste trabalho, as tendências educacionais provocadas pelas mudanças nos planoseconômico, político, social e cultural. Aborda-se a repercussão destas transformações na construção de novoscenários educacionais que respondam às exigências da pós-modernidade. Reflexiona-se sobre o papel da racionalidade-instrumental deliberada no mundo contemporâneo a partir da perspectiva habermasiana. Trata-se dasimplicações desta racionalidade na configuração da economia e no mercado do trabalho, no desenvolvimento e implantaçãodas novas tecnologias informacionais e na formação/qualificação do professor, discutindo-se a projeçãodo trabalho docente, tanto no marco de atuação individul e coletivo, como também no particular e no global queemerge no campo da educação.Palavras-chave: Tendências educacionais. Racionalidade instrumental. Cenários educativos.  TENDENCIES AND PROSPECTS OF NEW EDUCATIONAL SCENARIOSAbstract: Are analyzed in this work, educational tendencies provoked by changes in economic, political, socialand cultural plans. Deals with the repercussion of these changes in the construction of new educational scenariosthat meet the requirements of postmodernity. He reflects up about the role of rationality-instrumental deliberate inthe contemporary world from Habermas’ perspective. Say about the implications of this rationality in the configurationof economy and in the labor market, in the development and deployment of new information technologies andin training / qualification of the teacher, discussing the projection of teaching, in individual and collective activities offramework for action, but also in particular and global that emerges in the field of education.Keywords: Educational tendencies. Instrumental rationality. Educational settings.
LEITURA EM LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: uma experiência em Roraima
Authors: Silva Maria Francisca da , Sebold Maria Mercedes Riveiro Quintans
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivos verificar a relevância do trabalho de leitura com bases nas estratégias deleitura interacional no Ensino Médio e avaliar se o uso lúdico do texto literário facilita a aprendizagem em espanhollíngua estrangeira. Parte-se das hipóteses de que há pouca recorrência do texto literário no ensino de línguaestrangeira e de que a leitura do texto literário com estratégias interacionais contribui para a facilitação da de suaaprendizagem. Para tanto, utilizo os subsídios teóricos de leitura, da análise do discurso e gênero discursivo, dotexto literário e da estrutura do conto. Os resultados indicam caminhos para a abordagem didática do texto literário(doravante TL) e ampliam as reflexões sobre seu uso nas aulas espanhol, principalmente em região de fronteiracomo a nossa em Roraima.Palavras-chave: Leitura. Estratégias interacionais. Texto literário. Ensino de espanhol. READING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION: an experiencein RoraimaAbstract: This article aims to verify the relevance of reading activities based on interactional reading strategies inhigh school and assess if use of the literary text facilitates the learning of Spanish as a foreign language. I begin withthe hypothesis that there is little recourse to literary text in the teaching of foreign language and that the reading ofliterary texts based on interactional strategies contributes to facilitate foreign language learning. To that end, I makeuse of theoretical reading base, discourse and discourse genre analysis, the literary text and the story structure. Theresults indicate paths for the teaching approach of the literary text and extend the reflections on the use of the literarytext (LT) in Spanish classes, especially in the border region with Roraima, where we are located.Keywords: Reading. Interactional Strategies. Literary Text. Spanish Teaching. LECTURA EN LENGUA EXTRANJERA EN LA ENSEÑANZA MEDIA: una experienciaen RoraimaResumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo verificar la relevancia del trabajo de la lectura con bases en estrategiasde lectura interactiva en la escuela secundaria y evaluar si el uso lúdico del texto literario facilita el aprendizajede español como lengua extranjera. Se inicia, con la hipótesis de que hay poca recurrencia texto literario en laenseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y la lectura de textos literarios con las estrategias de interacción contribuyen ala facilitación del aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. Para ello, he utilizado la lectura de subsidios teóricos sobreel análisis del discurso y el género discursivo, el texto literario y la estructura del cuento. Los resultados indican loscaminos para el enfoque de la enseñanza del texto literario y amplían las reflexiones sobre el uso del texto literario(desde ahora TL) en clases de español, sobre todo en la región fronteriza como la nuestra en Roraima.Palabras clave: Lectura. Estrategia interacional. Texto literario. La enseñanza del español.
Biografia
Authors: Cavalcante Anissa Ayala Rocha da Silva
Published: July 2016

Biografia
Międzynarodowe inwestycje portfelowe państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Mrzygłód Urszula , Adamska-Mieruszewska Joanna
Published: July 2016

Literatura dotycząca inwestycji portfelowych jest zdominowana przez problem napływu inwestycji do państw rozwijających się. Mniejszą uwagę poświęca się tym krajom jako inwestorom na międzynarodowych rynkach finansowych. Artykuł zawiera analiz ę inwestycji portfelowych będących w posiadaniu rezydentów państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Levels of Transglutaminase‐2 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Becerik Sema , Celec Peter , Gürkan Ali , Öztürk Veli Özgen , Kamodyova Natalia , Atilla Gül , Emingil Gülnur
Published: July 2016

Background: Transglutaminase (TGM)‐2 has been shown to contribute to fibrosis by extracellular matrix accumulation in some organs and is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma TGM‐2 and oxidative stress markers (OSMs) in cyclosporin A (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth (GO).

Methods: The study enrolled 20 healthy (H) individuals; 20 patients with gingivitis (G); 20 CsA‐medicated patients with GO (CsA GO+); and 20 CsA‐medicated patients without GO (CsA GO−). GCF and plasma levels of TGM‐2 were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Spectrofluorometry was used to analyze thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS); ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); total oxidant status (TOS); and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

Results: GCF TGM‐2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.001) groups. GCF TBARS level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with other groups (CsA GO− group: P = 0.003; G group: P <0.001; and H group: P <0.001) and was higher in CsA GO− than in H (P = 0.048). GCF FRAP level was lower in CsA GO− than in H (P = 0.04). Both CsA GO+ and CsA GO− groups had lower GCF TOS levels than H (P <0.001 and P = 0.002) and G (P = 0.003 and P = 0.04). GCF TAC was higher in CsA GO+ than in H (P = 0.02). Plasma TGM‐2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.002). Plasma FRAP level was higher in H and CsA GO− than in CsA GO+ (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02).

Conclusions: CsA use significantly alters GCF and plasma levels of TGM‐2 and OSMs. TGM‐2 may contribute to CsA‐induced GO in CsA‐treated patients by changing GCF and plasma levels of OSMs. Further studies are needed to prove causality and its direction.
Correlation Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Hemoglobin Content and Periodontal Clinical Parameters
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Numabe Yukihiro , Hashimoto Shuichi , Sekino Satoshi , Murakashi Etsuko , Ishiguro Hitomi , Sasaki Daisuke , Yaegashi Takashi , Takai Hideki , Mezawa Masaru , Ogata Yorimasa , Watanabe Hisashi , Hagiwara Satsuki , Izumi Yuichi , Hiroshima Yuka , Kido Jun‐Ichi , Nagata Toshihiko , Kunimatsu Kazushi
Published: July 2016

Background: Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed.

Results: Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP‐negative (–) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(–) sites in the periodontal‐management‐required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(–) sites.

Conclusions: Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(–) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal‐management‐required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.
Gina’s Wheels by M. H. Bishop
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: July 2016

Bishop, Mary Harelkin. Gina’s Wheels. Regina, SK: DriverWorks Ink, 2014. Print.While this is a picture book and the protagonist is just entering kindergarten, the language is quite a high reading level and the text dense.  It is definitely a book that needs an adult reader. The artwork in this book is simple and unsophisticated, but will engage small children with the work.  Illustrator Diane Greenhorn does resort to the visual cliché of diversity in the classroom, including the obligatory red-head, blonde, African American, brown-skinned children and child with a hijab, although kindergarten-aged Muslim girls are often not covered.The messages that the book conveys are complex.  It is about a child, Gina, who encounters Métis Paralympian Colette Bourgonje, who has a wheelchair.  Gina is sufficiently moved by the meeting that she goes home and for several weeks does everything while sitting in a stroller, to understand the experience of being in a wheelchair.  When she enters kindergarten and meets a child in a wheelchair, her experience helps her befriend the child.While the book does a good job of presenting how to interact with a disabled person, the concept of the Paralympics and the integration of a disabled child into school, it does not present the things that Gina had to do to adapt to life seated in a stroller.  As is often the case when the able-bodied write about the disabled, rather than from the disabled person’s perspective, the reader does not learn much more about life as a disabled person.  However, the book does present disability in a positive light and also shows Bourgonje as a role model.  It also presents Gina as a role model of a child demonstrating understanding and empathy and Gina’s Mom as a role model as a parent who is positive about disability and supportive of her child’s exploratory learning.   Because there are few children’s books about disability, and fewer still about disabled Indigenous people, this book is recommended with reservations for public library and elementary school libraries.Recommended with reservation:  2 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep: A New Way of Getting Children to Sleep by C.-J. Forssen Ehrlin
Authors: Aitken Leslie
Published: July 2016

Forssen Ehrlin, Carl-Johan.  The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep: A New Way of Getting Children to Sleep. Illus. Irina Maununan.  New York: Crown Books for Young Readers, 2014. Print.Carl-Johan Forssen Ehrlin, the psychologist who wrote this book, introduces the work with instructions for its calm, slow, emphatic reading.  He then begins the bedtime story proper, a ten page text in which he uses the word sleep or one of its variants (asleep, sleeping, sleepy) approximately 100 times.  It may be that he uses the words “yawn,” “tired,” and “relax” just as frequently; frankly, it seems too daunting a task to count and confirm this possibility.  The literary effect is tedious—given the subtitle, probably intentionally so. There is a storyline, albeit a thin one.  It is much enhanced by the delicate drawings by Irina Maununen; a young child might well pore over these.  However, storytelling is not the main purpose of the book.  Its main purpose would appear to be hypnosis.   That is just a guess; the publisher’s blurb does not actually confirm it.  The blurb does, however, rave about the book’s ability to put children to sleep.  Quite so. This is not a work of children’s literature; it is a “how to” book for adults.  Its advice should not replace common sense.  Childhood sleeplessness can stem from serious causes.  It can be the result of underlying medical conditions, of pain, of breathing difficulties.  It can indicate worrisome psychological states: stress, anxiety, and fear.  It can be the result of a socio-economic environment that is typified by deprivation and hunger, domestic instability, the presence of danger.  A book outlining hypnotic techniques does not obviate any of these root causes of sleeplessness.  However, in the event that they are all ruled out or remedied, and that a child is found to suffer from nothing more than a deep need for the comforting presence of a loving adult as he or she falls asleep, why not just ensure that one can be there?All this being said, the book is currently popular.  As I write this review, my public library lists thirty holds on fourteen copies of it.  Many parents must be waiting in line for an introduction to Forssen-Ehrlin’s methods.  Meanwhile, the old standbys of sleep induction, the rocking, the reassuring, the crooning of lullabies, might just prove equally effective as his book.Not RecommendedReviewer: Leslie AitkenLeslie Aitken’s long career in librarianship involved selection of children’s literature for school, public, special and academic libraries.  She is a former Curriculum Librarian of the University of Alberta.