bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of matrix cracking on mechanical properties in FRP laminates
Authors: Fikry M.J. Mohammad , Ogihara Shinji , Vinogradov Vladimir
Published: August 2018

Background

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates have properties, which are highly dependent on the ply fiber orientations and which can be designed for optimum laminate performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of matrix cracking on the mechanical properties of FRP laminates with various off-axis angles, and to provide a critical test for an analytical solution using variational stress analysis.

Methods

Carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates (CFRP and GFRP) are tested. FRP prepregs are cured by using autoclave method to form laminates with layups [θm/ φn]s. The laminates are then loaded monotonically and cyclically to obtain their mechanical properties and the effect of matrix cracks on the properties. Some of the effects include reduction of laminates’ stiffness and residual strains after unloading. In order to obtain higher crack densities in specimens, artificial cracks method was introduced in this study, where notches were made at the edges of some specimens before tested in tension. Cracks observation for CFRP laminates is done by using the X-ray technique, while for GFRP laminates a DSLR camera is used.

Results

The measured stiffness reduction as a function of the crack density is compared to an analytical prediction for cracked angle-ply laminates based on a variational stress analysis. The experimental results for stiffness reduction agree well with the analytical results.

Conclusion

Understanding the behavior of damaged laminates with simple configurations, as performed in this study, is of high importance for prediction of damage effects on laminates with more complex configuration, e.g. with quasi-isotropic layups.
The role of middle managers in the implementation of national public policy
Authors: Cooper Simon , Kitchener Martin
Published: August 2018

Recent policy implementation studies have considered the processes by which the top down objectives of policy designers conflict with the bottom up responses of local actors within functional teams. Our paper extends that body of research by analysing the, hitherto underexplored, role of hybrid middle managers (HMMs) who combine their professional expertise with management responsibilities to locally forge compromises when implementing national policy interventions. Drawing from a recent study of the implementation of the Welsh national patient safety programme, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the activities deployed by HMMs to broker policy interventions within their local teams. We provide an analytical model to direct attention towards the varied activities performed by HMMs from different occupations. Our empirical findings reveal how policy implementation processes can be better understood, and planned, if HMMs are differentiated by their occupational background.
The personal life of Facebook: managing friendships with social media
Authors: Policarpo Verónica
Published: August 2018

How are social media used to manage personal and intimate relations, in particular, friendships? Can these interactions be better understood through the dynamics of personal life? This article aims to answer these questions through the lens of personal life, together with concepts such as relationality, memory, biography and imaginary. Drawing on qualitative data from 30 in-depth interviews, in which Portuguese men and women were invited to describe their personal communities, it explores how relationships with friends are managed with the help of Facebook. Findings show, on a first level, many commonalities with what has been reported in the literature about social media uses, namely, the importance of social and interactional contexts in understanding the relationship between people and the media. However, a deeper level of analysis reveals that these Facebook interactions are also rooted in important features of contemporary personal life, such as an imperative of a relational continuum, [i.e.], a norm that pushes individuals to be in permanent relationships with others, with social media and social networking sites (SNS) providing up-to-date technological affordances to make that possible.
Views from birth children: exploring the backstage world of sibling strangers
Authors: Rees Alyson , Pithouse Andrew
Published: August 2018

This article reports on an in-depth qualitative case study of 10 foster care families across England and Wales, and focuses on the birth children and their experiences of supporting the young people placed with them. We explore with these children and young people some of the challenges they perceive, the benefits they reap, as well as the skills and strengths that they bring to fostering. Their accounts of caring indicate that birth children engage in careful strategies of ‘sibling-like’ mediation with the fostered ‘strangers’ who first enter their homes and which, over time, brings an indispensable ‘glue’ to relationships that may all too often go unrecognised. The importance of learning from their contribution to placement stability and supporting them in their role concludes our exposition of this critical but sometimes neglected realm of fostering relationships and family life.
Vibrational biospectroscopic study and chemical structure analysis of unsaturated polyamides nanoparticles as antiâ€“cancer polymeric nanomedicines using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Heidari Alireza
Published: August 2018

Firstly, unsaturated polyamides nanoparticles were hardened by continuous synchrotron radiation and then, the induced changes in its chemical structure were studied by Attenuated Total Reflectionâ€“Fourier Transform Infrared (ATRâ€“FTIR) spectroscopy. It was shown that applying synchrotron radiation for hardening not only leads to reduction of hardening time but also creates cross link in polymer by breaking Carbonâ€“Carbon double bond, without any considerable change in its chemical structure. In addition, an unsaturated polyamide nanoparticle as antiâ€“cancer polymeric nanomedicines is hardened by synchrotron radiation. Its chemical structure before and after hardening is studied using Raman and Attenuated Total Reflectionâ€“Fourier Transform Infrared (ATRâ€“FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that Raman spectroscopy is considerably better than Attenuated Total Reflectionâ€“Fourier Transform Infrared (ATRâ€“FTIR) spectroscopy in detecting the changes happened in chemical structure.Â Â
A research to examine general and decisional procrastination of healthcare workers according to differences of demographical characteristics
Authors: Akdemir Bünyamin , Özkan Gökçen
Published: August 2018

In a world of rapid change and transformation, many developments in different fields have affected both the organization and the individual, and these changes have led to an increase in the number of stimulants affecting employees. One of the most intensive problems in this regard is the procrastination of employees. The aim of this research is to examine if there is a significant difference at the levels of general and decisional procrastination of employees in scope of demographic variables. In this context, a research was conducted to the healthcare workers consisted of 393 respondents working at the hospitals of Malatya, Elazığ and Bingöl. According to the research results, it was determined that healthcare workers' levels of general and decisional procrastination were close to the average. Also in scope of demographic variables, it was found that there was a significant difference at the level of general procrastination according to gender, age and duration of work experience variables. In terms of decisional procrastination levels, it was found that there was a significant difference in the graduation status variable. Various suggestions on these results were submitted.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dari Tanah Gambut
Authors: Larasati Ella Dewani , Rukmi MG Isworo , Kusdiyantini Endang , Ginting R Cinta Badia
Published: August 2018

Phosphate (P) are macronutrients that necessary for growth and development of plants, But the availability of phosphate dissolved in the ground are very limited because trend is bound to minerals ground form phosphate complexs. One of the alternative to improve the efficiency of phosphate is by utilize phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacteria capable of dissolving phosphate that is not available become available, so that it can be absorbed by plants. Peat soils can be used as a source of phosphate solubilizing bacteria because , peat soils formed from litter and organic matter so, many microorganisms which live in peat soils one of them is a phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The aim of this research is to isolat, identify bacteria to species level using Biolog system GenIII Mircoplate, and test the ability of phosphate dissolution. The isolation is done with the methods spread plate in a media pikovkaya solid and testing the ability to isolat qualitatively glimpsed clear zone around colonies, measuring phosphate solubilizing index. testing the ability isolats quantitatively by measuring solubility phosphate using spektrofotometer, and identification isolats using Biolog System. Eighteen isolates phosphate solubilizing bacteria successfully obtained from of peat soils, two isolates of them potential in solubilizing phosphate, According to Biolog system the second isolates identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii (isolate PG2T.5) and a Bacillus pumilus (isolate PG3TT.2), each is about phosphate dissolved successive of 24,81 mg/L and 22,62 mg/L Key words: Peat Soil, Isolation, Phosphate Solubilizing  Bacteria, Biolog System Identification
Kualitas Telur Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) berdasarkan Variabel pH telur, Indeks Kuning Telur (IKT) dan Indeks Putih Telur (IPT) setelah Penyimpanan yang Dilakukan Perendaman Pada Air Kapur Sebelum Penyimpanan
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: August 2018

Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica L.) banyak dibudidayakan untuk diambil telurnya karena produktivitas telur yang tinggi. Nilai gizi telur puyuh tidak kalah dengan telur unggas lain, sehingga dapat menambah variasi dalam penyediaan sumber protein hewani. Telur merupakan salah satu bahan makanan yang hampir sempurna. Bahan makanan ini mengandung zat gizi lengkap antara lain protein, lemak, vitamin dan mineral. Telur segar yaitu telur yang baru diletakkan oleh induk disarangnya, mempunyai daya simpan yang pendek. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan rusaknya telur adalah lama waktu penyimpanan . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas telur puyuh berdasarkan pH Telur,  nilai Indeks Kuning Telur (IKT), Indeks Putih Telur (IPT) setelah perendaman dengan air kapur. Sampel yang digunakan adalah telur puyuh yang diambil pada hari kedua peneluran. Digunakan Rancangan acak  lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 kelompok telur,diamati pada hari ke 2. P2 kelompok telur disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 16. P3 kelompok telur direndam pada air kapur selama 1 menit, disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 16. P4 kelompok telur disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 30. P5 kelompok telur direndam pada air kapur selama 1 menit, disimpan dan diamati pada hari ke 30. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua variabel penelitian menenunjukkan penurunan seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu penyimpanan. Penurunan kualitas disebabkan faktor lamanya penyimpanan yang menyebabkan perubahan kondisi telur. Kata kunci : Penyimpanan telur, pH telur, Indeks Kuning Telur, Indeks Putih Telur
Pemanfaatan Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Di Isolasi Dari Saluran Pencernaan Ayam Lokal Untuk Pembuatan VCO Secara Fermentasi
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Baniyah Laelatul , Hanafi Imam , Wardani Permadi Wisnu Aji , Sari Saskia Maisi Monika , Nur Jannah Siti
Published: August 2018

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang memiliki banyak pulau dan merupakan negara produsen kelapa utama di dunia. .Pada tahun 2014 luas areal perkebuan tanaman kelapa di dunia mencapai 11 juta ha dan 93% berada di wilayah Asia Pasifik. Hal ini merupakan peluang untuk pengembangan kelapa menjadi aneka produk yang bermanfaat. Salah satu pemanfaatan kelapa dalam bidang kesehatan dalam upaya mendukung visi Indonesia sehat 2015 adalah dengan adanya VCO (virgin coconut oli). Proses pembuatan VCO adalah dengan cara fermentasi tidak mengalami proses pemanasan dan difermentasi dengan menggunakan bakteri asam laktat hasil dari isolasi pada saluran pencernaan ayam lokal, sehingga VCO yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Berdasarkan uji fisik (uji viskositas) menunjukkan sampel H dengan isolat BUB 3 bahwa nilai viskositas sebesar 58,4325 Pa.s dan densitas 937,5 Kg/m3. Pada uji kimia (uji asam lemak bebas) didapatkan hasil kadar asam lemak bebas sampel H (BUB 3) dengan paling mendekati kadar asam lemak bebas menurut  SNI 7381 tahun 2008 tentang VCO yaitu kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal dalam VCO adalah sebesar 0,2%. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji hasil pengujian organoleptik dari 11 koresponden didapatkan hasil bahwa tingkat kesukaan dari koresponden terhadap tekstur dari sampel VCO yaitu 7, yang berarti suka. Tingkat kesukaan terhadap aroma dari sampel VCO yaitu 7, yang berarti suka. Tingkat kesukaan terhadap rasa dari sampel VCO yaitu 5, yang berarti netral. Sedangkan tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna dari sampel VCO yaitu 5, yang berarti netral dan menunjukkan kualitas VCO yang didapatkan baik. Kata kunci: VCO, BAL, saluran pencernaan ayam, fermentasi
Pengaruh Kandungan Ekstrak Daun Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Basundari Sinta Anas , Tarwotjo Udi , Kusdiyantini Endang
Published: August 2018

Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). One place that is endemic by A.aegypti mosquitoes is the city of Semarang, specifically  in Tembalang District. Tembalang district is one of the areas with highest DHF incidence rate. A.aegypti mosquito vector control is still using artificial insecticide, where the insecticide has negative impact to health and environment. Zodia leaves (Evodia suaveolens) are known to have potential as a natural insecticide, because they have secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids that can be used as biolarvasides. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds of zodia leaves extract and to know the mortality in each population to zodia leaves extract. The extract of zodia leaf is obtained using maceration method. Chemical compounds contained in zodia leaves were analyzed using FT-IR. This research method is bioassay test, where the larvae are soaked with various series of concentration of zodia leaf extract. Each series of concentrations required ten larvae. The larvae used came from five kelurahan in Tembalang Subdistrict. The data were processed using probit analysis to obtain LC50. The results of LC50 obtained from the smallest to largest is 39,94 (34,67-45,28); 41,98 (36,6-48,07); 46,18 (39,28- 53,97); 47,62 (39,92-54,32) and 49,44 (42,24-58,25). The result of LC50 shows that is not significantly different, because there is the value of the overlapping fiducial limits between each population
Pengaruh Pemberian Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) Dalam Pengendalian Ektoparasit, Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara
Authors: Arini Priesty Dyah , Muhammad Fuad , Baskoro Karyadi , Fahris Noor
Published: August 2018

Nile tilapia fish (saline) is tolerable to high salinity and has a better resilience in environmental change, make it perfect for fish culture in the ponds. Problems which usually occur in fish culture is disease which is triggered by the decrease of water quality so that the parasytes begin to emerge. The ectoparasyte which usually attacks the fish is Trichodina sp. By adding hydrogen peroxide into the water medium, this type of ectoparasyte is expected to be controlled. This research is conducted to examine the influence of the hydrogen peroxide concentration difference to the increase of water medium quality, ectoparasyte controlling, and the survival rate of nile tilapia fish. The used method is by adding hydrogen peroxide into the water medium in various concentration, 0 ppm as control, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm given in three times until day 10. The result of this research shown that different hydrogen peroxide concentration may influence the quality of the water medium, controling ectoparasyte,  increase nile tilapia survival rate. The medium with hydrogen peroxide concentration (15 ppm) shows the best result. Keywords: nile tilapia fish, Trichodina sp, hydrogen peroxide, water medium quality, ectoparasyte control, survival rate.
Secondary pre-service teachers’ perceptions of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): What do they really think?
Authors: Redmond Petrea , Lock Jennifer
Published: August 2018

Meaningful integration of digital technology into learning and teaching is ill-structured, complex, and messy. Inherent in the complexity is the interaction between the different domains of teacher knowledge. The multifaceted problem is further compounded by the diversity of learners and technology in today's dynamic classroom contexts. Pre-service teachers often feel ill-prepared to plan for effective technology integration in their classrooms. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) has provided educators with a theoretical framework to unpack the complexity of technology integration. It sits at the heart of three interrelated components: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technological knowledge. These knowledge areas interact, support, and constrain each other. This study investigated secondary pre-service teachers’ perceptions of TPACK. Data were collected through an online survey and interviews. Following a brief introduction to TPACK, this article explores secondary pre-service teachers’ perceptions of TPACK and its components, along with their professional learning needs for TPACK development. Implications for teacher education programs are also provided.
Effects and Mechanisms of Jinniu Capsule on Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats
Authors: Shi Yu , Wang Feng , Hu A-Zhen , Wang Qing-Wen , Wu Jue-Lian , Li Ming-Hua , Cui Guang-Hui , Liu Li , Huang Si-Bin , Zhang Yu , Liu Han-Qing , Chen Yun
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Jinniu Capsule on methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats and identify the underlying mechanisms. An intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg METH was used for CPP training in rats. The effects of Jinniu Capsule following a single dose on rat CPP and repeat dosing on METH withdrawal were evaluated. Western Blot analysis was used to measure protein expression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to determine the mechanisms of Jinniu Capsule. A single dose of Jinniu Capsule did not influence METH-induced CPP in rats. However, repeat dosing for 7 days significantly promoted METH withdrawal. Furthermore, METH withdrawal activated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway phosphorylation cascade, and Jinniu Capsule partly blocked this cascade. Jinniu Capsule demonstrated potential in promoting METH withdrawal in a rat CPP model, which may be related to its influence on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
Linguistic strategies for ad hoc categorization: theoretical assessment and cross-linguistic variation
Authors: Mauri Caterina , Sansò Andrea
Published: August 2018

Ad hoc categorization is the bottom-up abstraction of a category starting from concrete exemplars of the category itself. When we observe linguistic data, we find various phenomena that provide evidence for the ubiquity of such an on-line, goal-driven and context-dependent categorization in everyday communication. Beyond offering concept labels in the form of words, language indeed provides speakers with a great number of strategies to convey reference to a class by naming representative individuals. After providing a semantic and pragmatic account of ad hoc categorization in terms of indexicality, we will survey ad hoc categorization strategies in discourse and across languages: they can be syntactic (lists, general extenders, exemplifying constructions), morphological (heterogeneous plurals, collectives, aggregates, compounds), or in-between (reduplication). We will argue that all these strategies show a similar abstract structure consisting in a categorization trigger, that is, some prosodic, morphological or syntactic element triggering the abstractive inferential process towards the category identification, plus a linguistic expression referring to some overt category member, which is processed as the starting point for abstraction. The diachronic connections between these strategies and the pathways leading to their emergence and conventionalization also speak in favor of their unified treatment.
The role of exemplification in the construction of categories: the case of Japanese
Authors: Barotto Alessandra
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of exemplification in categorization processes, that is, how examples can be used in discourse to communicate conceptual categories. Based on data from present-day Japanese and a corpus-driven methodology, it will be shown that exemplifying constructions can be used 1) to refine already explicit categories by contextualizing and actualizing the reference, and 2) to create categoriesex novoby triggering associative inferences and abstractive processes. Accordingly, a detailed analysis of the linguistic properties of the examples will be provided in order to identify recurring encoding patterns and correlations with the functions described above. Furthermore, it will be argued that, although any conceptual category can be lexicalized by means of a category label, there exist some interesting correlations between the coding of the examples and the labelling of the category. Finally, we will conclude by showing that the linguistic analysis of exemplification can provide useful insights regarding the modalities in which the human brain categorizes.
Exemplification andad hoccategorization: Thegenre-construction in French
Authors: Chauveau-Thoumelin Pierre
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to investigate thegenre-construction, in which the French noungenreconnects a noun phrase (named X) with another constituent (a noun phrase in most cases; named Y). Such a construction has an exemplifying function, and, traditionally, authors consider Y to be an example of a category denoted by X. I show that this traditional analysis is not entirely satisfying as it does not give a comprehensive account of the construction’s semantics. Instead, I show through a wide variety of examples that thegenre-construction provides a means of expressingad hoccategorization. Rather than merely exemplifying a category denoted by X, the construction frequently builds up anad hoccategory based on X and examples provided by Y. This analysis can be further extended to other related constructions so as to give a unified account of such constructions. The data analysed consist of internet users’ messages collected from online forums. The analyses are carried out within the framework of construction grammar.
The encoding of ad hoc categories in Sanskrit: A synchronic and diachronic analysis of “compounds” with ādi-
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Geupel Ulrich
Published: August 2018

This paper provides a new description of nominal compounds featuring the noun ādi- ‘beginning’ in Sanskrit. When used as second member of a compound, ādi- is commonly translated as ‘etcetera’ and the resulting compound displays a number of semantic and morphological oddities, as observed in reference grammars. Based on a thorough corpus analysis, we show that ādi-compounds are in fact associated with different functions, and that among other things they can be employed for the task of on-line categorization. Specifically, we argue that they can also encode ad hoc categories. In the second part of the paper, we describe the diachronic process whereby ādi-compounds developed into ad hoc category markers. In so doing, we adopt the perspective of constructionalization and suggest, against the traditional analysis of these forms as compounds, that when meaning ‘etcetera’, ādi- behaves as an affixoid. In this respect, the findings of this paper contribute to the general understanding of the diachronic typology of ad hoc category markers.
Alternative Relations and Higher-Level Categories
Authors: Kuperschmidt Itai
Published: August 2018

Alternative relations are one of the main relation types between states of affairs and disjunctions are the dedicated morphosyntactic constructions used for encoding them. The standard approach to disjunctions, which assumes two readings, Inclusive and Exclusive, has recently been challenged. A fundamental requirement, shared by the alternatives in all the readings they identified, is that they must be construable as members of a single higher-level category. This requirement also defines specifically one of the readings of disjunctions, ororconstructions, HLC (the Higher-level category reading), in which the explicit disjuncts serve only as a means for constructing, often only ad-hoc, a higher-level concept. This concept, rather than the explicit alternatives, is actually the prominent concept profiled by the construction. The study presented here adopts the same bottom-up Usage-Based approach advocated by Ariel and Mauri, and examines the Hebreworconstructions of the Old Testament, given in the Masoretic Tiberian version. It focusses on the question of how those categories are constructed. The data was analyzed adopting a comparative linguistic and textual method, and taking into consideration different philological and diachronic aspects. It reveals that HLC (such as ‘any beast’ foroxorass, Exodus 23, 4) is the most common reading in this corpus (108/319, 34%). Interestingly, the higher-level categories are extracted from disjuncts of various parts of speech and can be explicit, but in most cases they are inferred. Furthermore, we observe cases which almost equally profile both the single, higher-level category and the alternatives. The methodology adopted revealed some linguistic changes in progress, as well as inclinations of ancient biblical editors and jurists.
Categorizationviaexemplification: evidence from Italian
Authors: Lo Baido Maria Cristina
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to study the categorizing function of exemplification in Italian. Based on a corpus study, it will be shown that the strategies used to exemplify are mobilized from a variety of different syntactic levels, ranging from small clauses to lexemes. Though differentiated, exemplifying constructions are all characterized by the same function, that is, to signal that the expressions in their scope are examples and that they have to be processed as triggers of a higher-level category. Exemplifying constructions signal the non-referential status of what is within their scope and presuppose non-exhaustivity, namely, the existence of further alternatives which are contextually associable with the mentioned exemplars. We will first provide a semantic analysis of the constructions under examination (in terms of semantic specificity of examples), and then move on to the distributional features (in terms of therealis/irrealisstatus of exemplification contexts and the kind of speech act) and textual features (in terms of topic continuity of exemplification). In the conclusions, we will propose the outline of a discourse profile of exemplification as it has emerged from the analysis of corpus data.
From ad hoc category to ad hoc categorization: The proceduralization of Argentinian Spanishtipo
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud
Published: August 2018

Taxonomic nouns such as Spanishtipoappear in constructions that create ad hoc categories, typically in scientific and academic contexts. Some of them develop further uses, notably an adverbial use as an approximator or hedge, as a result of a reduction of the original construction. The aim of this contribution is to trace the origins of constructions that establish ad hoc categories in the case of Spanishtipo, and in particular the role of genitival constructions and apposition in technological, scientific and generally academic texts in the nineteenth century on the basis of corpora. I will further study the subsequent rise of the adverbial approximating functions used for ad hoc categorization and related pragmatic functions such as the use oftipoas a quotative marker in Argentinian youth language. On this basis, two broader issues will be discussed: (i) the relation between ad hoc categories and ad hoc categorization and a possibly different status of ad hoc categories and ad hoc categorization due to proceduralization; and (ii) the striking parallels with cognates from certain Romance languages (Portuguese and Italian) and from Russian and Swedish, as well as the question of whether there has been a parallel, independent development—and if so, why—or whether contact phenomena explain these similarities.
Synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]furo[2,3-d]pyridin-4(5H)-ones, derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system
Authors: Yahodkina-Yakovenko Marta S. , Bol’but Andriy V. , Vovk Mykhailo V.
Published: August 2018

Methyl 2-[(cyanophenoxy)methyl]-3-furoates obtained from methyl 2-(chloromethyl)-3-furoate and salicylonitriles undergo tandem cyclization in the presence of excess t-BuOK in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 65°C to give substituted benzofuro[3,2-b]furo[2,3-d]pyridin-4(5H)-ones, derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system.
High Step-Up Boost Converter with Neural Network Based MPPT Controller for a PEMFC Power Source Used in Vehicular Applications
Authors: Reddy K. Jyotheeswara , Sudhakar N. , Saravanan S. , Babu B. Chitti
Published: August 2018

High switching frequency and high voltage gain DC-DC boost converters are required for electric vehicles. In this paper, a new high step-up boost converter (HSBC) is designed for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) applications. The designed converter provides the better high voltage gain compared to conventional boost converter and also reduces the input current ripples and voltage stress on power semiconductor switches. In addition to this, a neural network based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is designed for the 1.26 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Radial basis function network (RBFN) algorithm is used in the neural network controller to extract the maximum power from PEMFC at different temperature conditions. The performance analysis of the designed MPPT controller is analyzed and compared with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Differential sensitivity of chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Devan Shakthi R.K. , Arumugam Surendar , Shankar Ganesh , Poosala Suresh
Published: August 2018

Background

The prevalence of obesity is reported to be increasing owing to the high intake of dietary fat and is a predisposing risk factor with associated complex metabolic syndromes in the human population. Preclinical rodent models play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and development of new treatment strategies for humans. High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced rodents are used for chronic obesity models owing to their quick adaptation to high-fat diets and rapid body weight gain and different rats (Wistar Sprague-Dawley and Lewis) have been used by various researchers. However, the selection of appropriate stock contributes to the translation of clinically linked disease phenotypes to preclinical animal models.

Methods

The study was conducted using two commonly used rat stocks Hsd:Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Crl:Charles River (CD) to develop a chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity model (DIO) to explore the underlying mechanisms of obesity and its utilization in drug discovery and development during preclinical stages. In addition two high-fat diets of different composition were evaluated (D12327; 40% kcal fat and D12492; 60% kcal fat) for their potential to induce obesity using these two stocks.

Results

A differential sensitivity to HFD was observed in body weight gain fat mass composition and obesity-linked symptoms such as impaired glucose tolerance insulin and leptin levels. The comparative research findings of Hsd:SD and Crl:CD rat stocks suggested that Crl:CD rats are more prone to diet-induced obesity and its associated complications.

Conclusions

Crl:CD rats were found to be a suitable model for obesity over Hsd:SD when considering the important hallmarks of metabolic disorders that may be utilized for obesity-related research.
Dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets of softwood kraft pulps modified to minimize the need for refining
Authors: Rahman Hafizur , Engstrand Per , Sandström Peter , Sjöstrand Björn
Published: August 2018

Previous paper (Rahman et al. 2017) showed that the yield of softwood kraft pulp increased by the addition of either polysulfide or sodium borohydride because of higher hemicellulose retention. An increase in hemicellulose content can make dewatering more difficult as WRV of the pulp increases, but instead, an overall increase in pulp yield could improve dewatering as a sheet of a certain weight will contain fewer fibres, giving a more open sheet structure. It was therefore of interest to measure the dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets (20 g/m2) under conditions mimicking the tissue paper machine dewatering processes, and sheet strength properties, WRV, °SR and fibre dimensions were also studied. The results showed that the positive influence of overall yield increase dominated over the negative influence of an increase in hemicellulose content on the dewatering properties, particularly at lower refining energy levels. Moreover, higher yield and higher hemicellulose content pulps had a higher tensile index at the same dryness. A given tensile index was achieved with less refining energy. The results indicate that increased yield and hemicellulose content by modification of the kraft pulping process will result in a pulp with a potential to improve tissue paper quality.
Der Sport und die Macht der Vorurteile
Authors: Delto Hannes
Published: August 2018

Der Sport ist ein körperzentriertes Sozialsystem, das als machtvolle Ausdrucks- und Inszenierungsstätte beschrieben wird, in der verschiedene soziale Gruppen um Prestige und symbolische Macht konkurrieren. In diesem Wettbewerb können Vorurteile der Abgrenzung zwischen Gruppen auf der Grundlage von ethnischen, sozialen und kulturellen Kategorisierungen dienen. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Ideologie der Ungleichwertigkeit im vereinsorganisierten Sport. Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, ob und wie Vorurteile im Sport miteinander zusammenhängen und welche Faktoren ausgewählte Abwertungen beeinflussen. Es zeigt sich, dass Vorurteile im Sport eng miteinander verbunden sind, und es wird diskutiert, weshalb Diversität im Sport eine stärkere Rolle bei Integrationsprozessen spielen sollte.
‚Refugees Welcome in Sports“– Bewegungsangebote für Geflüchtete im Spannungsfeld zwischen Integrationsforderung und Partizipationszwang
Authors: Feuchter Micòl , Janetzko Alexandra
Published: August 2018

Vor dem Hintergrund einer angestiegenen Anzahl an Geflüchteten in Deutschland wurden durch den organisierten Sport Programme installiert, die explizit die ‚Zielgruppe’ Geflüchtete adressieren und deren Integration in und durch den Sport fördern sollen. Unter Zuhilfenahme von verschiedenen, dem Integrationsparadigma gegenüber kritisch positionierten Ansätzen, die aus einer machttheoretischen Perspektive Differenzkategorisierungen analysieren, beleuchten wir am Beispiel des Sports den dominierenden Integrationsdiskurs. Wir zeigen, dass Integration – abweichend von der wissenschaftlichen Definition, die diese als wechselseitigen Prozess bezeichnet – in (politischen) Programmen in erster Linie Menschen mit sogenanntem Migrationshintergrund als eine Art Bringschuld auferlegt wird. Sich davon abgrenzend stellen wir das Konzept der Teilhabe vor, welches eine gleichberechtigte und interessengeleitete Partizipation fordert. Mit dem Projekt Refugees Welcome in Sport (ReWIS) nehmen wir ein Projekt für Geflüchtete in den Blick, welches sich die Ermöglichung von Teilhabe zum Ziel setzt. In einer praxeologisch ausgerichteten Begleitforschung reflektieren wir, welche Herausforderungen sich bei der praktischen Umsetzung des konzeptionellen Anspruchs ergeben.
Kinder- und Jugendsport in einer geschichteten Gesellschaft? Aufarbeitung und Diskussion des aktuellen Forschungsstandes in Deutschland
Authors: Nobis Tina , Albert Katrin
Published: August 2018

Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die deutsche Gesellschaft als eine geschichtete Gesellschaft beschrieben werden kann, verfolgt der vorliegende Beitrag das Ziel, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu schichtspezifischen Einfärbungen der Sportengagements von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland zu beschreiben und zu reflektieren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass in einem Teil der vorliegenden Publikationen auf die Darlegung theoretischer Annahmen verzichtet wird und dass die gewählten Methoden zur Datenerfassung und -auswertung wie auch die Komplexität der Interpretationsansätze als heterogen einzuschätzen sind. Die vorliegenden empirischen Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass Schichtmerkmale zentrale, auch indirekt wirkende Parameter für die Sportengagements von Heranwachsenden sind, dass die Stärke dieser Zusammenhänge jedoch mit der Form des Sportengagements variiert.
The Massless Limit of Bargmann–Wigner Equations for a Massive Graviton
Authors: Hradyskyi A. V. , Stepanoskiy Yu. P.
Published: August 2018

Information about the discovery of gravity waves attract attention to the graviton’s mass problem. The massive graviton is a spin-2 particle with a non-zero mass. In this work, relativistic wave equations for a massive graviton have been studied in the limiting case of zero particle mass. The equations for the non-zero-mass graviton are based on the Bargman–Wigner equations in the five-dimensional space-time with the (++++−) signature. In the massless limit of massive graviton, all states with possible helicity values –0 (LL-graviton), ±1 (TL-graviton), and ±2 (TT-graviton) –are preserved.
Spectral Study of (4´-Phenyl)-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Ium-Phenacylid (PTPhY) in Ternary Solutions
Authors: Closca V. , Puica-Melniciuc N. , Closca M. , Avadanei I. M. , Dorohoi D. O.
Published: August 2018

The molecule of (4 ′-phenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-phenacylid (PTPhY) is studied in two types of ternary solutions. In the first category, the binary solvent contains two hydroxyl miscible liquids, and the second one contains one protic and one non-protic solvents. The potential energy in pairs of the type hydroxyl solvent-ylid is estimated in the frame of the statistical cell model of ternary solutions. From the viewpoint of interactions in the first ylid solvation shell, the statistical average weight of the active solvent differs from its molar fraction in the binary solvent.
Two-Level Atom with Squeezed Light from Optical Parametric Oscillators
Authors: Abebe T. , Gemechu N.
Published: August 2018

The dynamics of a coherently driven two-level atom with parametric amplifier and coupled to a vacuum reservoir is analyzed. The combination of the master equation and the quantum Langevin equation is presented to study the quantum properties of light. By using these equations, we have determined the time evolution of the expectation values of the cavity mode and atomic operators. Moreover, with the aid of these results, the correlation properties of noise operators, and the large-time approximation scheme, we calculate the mean photon number, power spectrum, second-order correlation function, and quadrature variances for the cavity-mode light and fluorescence. It is found that the half-width of the power spectrum for the fluorescent light in the presence of a parametric amplifier increases, while it decreases for the cavity-mode light. Moreover, we have found the probability for the atom to be in the upper level in the presence of a parametric amplifier.
Fabrication and Characterization of Sm3+ Doped Zinc Barium Borate Glasses
Authors: Yamsuk Y. , Yasaka P. , Sangwaranatee N. , Keawkao J.
Published: August 2018

Zinc-barium-borate glasses with the composition (60 − x)B2O3–10ZnO–30BaO–xSm2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol %) doped with Sm3+ ions have been prepared, and their physical and optical properties are investigated. The photoluminescence spectra recorded under the 403-nm excitation exhibited the emission bands at 564, 600, 647, and 710 nm corresponding to the transition 4 G5/2 →6 Hj (j = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2), respectively. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωl, l = 2, 4 and 6) have been evaluated, and the radiative transition probabilities, emission cross-section, and branching ratios for the excited levels of Sm3+ ionsare predicted. The lifetime of the 4 G5/2 level is found to decrease with an increase in the Sm3+ ion concentration.
Quantum Relativity: Variable Energy Density of Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of Mass, Gravity and the Quantum Behaviour
Authors: Fiscaletti D. , Sorli A.
Published: August 2018

In Quantum Relativity, time and space are separated. Time is the numerical order of material changes, and space is the medium, in which these changes take place. Space has the origin in a three-dimensional quantum vacuum defined by fluctuations of the energy density corresponding to elementary RS (reduction state) processes of creation/annihilation of elementary quanta. Quantum Relativity provides a unifying approach to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Each physical object from the micro- to the macroscale can be derived from an opportune diminishing of the quantum vacuum energy density. In particular, the variable energy density of space in Quantum Relativity corresponds to the curvature of space in general relativity. In quantum theory, the behavior of each subatomic particle follows from opportune elementary RS processes of creation/annihilation of quanta guided by a quantum potential of the vacuum. Finally, the perspectives of this model regarding the view of gravity and quantum as two aspects of the same coin and the electroweak scale are analyzed.
Correlation between Photoluminescent and Photoelectrical Properties of Mn-Doped ZnO
Authors: Korsunska N. O. , Markevich I. V. , Stara T. R. , Borkovska L. V. , Lavoric S. , Melnichuk L. Yu. , Melnichuk O. V.
Published: August 2018

ZnO ceramics undoped and doped with manganese are investigated. The Mn content NMn is varied from 1019 to 1021 cm−3. The photoluminescence (PL), diffuse reflection, and photoconductivity (PC) spectra are measured. The quenching of the self-activated ZnO emission and the appearance of the light absorption and PC are observed in the same spectral region (400–600 nm) under the doping. Simultaneously, a week PL band peaked at 645 nm arose and was assigned to intra-shell transitions in Mn2+Zn centers. Based on the analysis of obtained results, the quenching effect is attributed to the re-absorption of the self-activated ZnO emission by Mn ions. A scheme of electron transitions that allows an explanation of the low intensity of the Mn-related emission is proposed.
In Memory of Sergii Mykhailovych Levitsky (1926–2018)
Authors: Anisimov I. O.
Published: August 2018

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Evaluation of therapeutic potency of human papillomavirus-16 E7 DNA vaccine alone and with interleukin-18 as a genetic adjuvant
Authors: Pourhossein Behzad , Ghaemi Amir , Fazeli Maryam , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Mahmoodi Mahmood , Mirshafiey Abbas , Shahmahmoodi Shohreh
Published: August 2018

AIMS: Despite the existence of effective preventive vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV), therapeutic vaccines that trigger cell-mediated immune responses are required to treat established infections and malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potency of HPV-16 E7 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine alone and with interleukin (IL)-18. METHODS: In vitro expressions of IL-18 were performed on human embryonic kidney 293 cells and confirmed it by Western blotting methods. DNA vaccine was available from a previous study. A total of 45 female C57BL/6 mice divided into five groups (DNA vaccine, DNA vaccine adjuvanted with IL-18, pcDNA3.1, and phosphate buffer saline) were inoculated with murine tissue culture-1 cell line of HPV related carcinoma, expressing HPV-16 E6/E7 antigens. They were then immunized subcutaneously twice at a seven-day interval. The antitumor and antigen specific-cellular immunity were assessed by lymphocyte proliferation (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide: MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, IL-4 assay and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay. Tumor size was followed for 62 days.RESULTS: MTT assay, which measures the lymphocyte proliferation in response to the specific antigen, increased in the co-administration and the DNA vaccine groups as compared to control and genetic adjuvant groups (p<0.001). The mice immunized with the co-administration generated significantly more IFN-γ and IL-4 than other immunized mice (p<0.001). Reduction of the tumor size in the co-administration and the DNA vaccine groups was significantly more pronounced than in the control and genetic adjuvant groups (p<0.001), but no statistically significant difference between DNA vaccine and co-administration groups (p=0.15) occurred.CONCLUSIONS: IL-18 as a genetic adjuvant and E7 DNA vaccine alone enhanced immune responses in mouse model systems against cervical cancer. However, using of IL-18 as a genetic adjuvant with E7 DNA vaccine had no significant synergistic effect on the immune responses in vivo.
Uso da Escala de Satisfação dos Estudantes e Autoconfiança com a Aprendizagem (ESEAA) e da Escala do Design da Simulação (EDS) no ensino de enfermagem: relato de experiência
Authors: Bergamasco Ellen Cristina , Murakami Beatriz Murata , Da Cruz Diná de Almeida L. M.
Published: August 2018

AIMS: To report the experience with using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning (SSSCL) and the Simulation Design Scale (SDS) in a Nursing Undergraduate course.EXPERIENCE REPORT: The experience was held in a private educational institution of the city of São Paulo, in the discipline of Adult Health I, in the 4th semester of Nursing. This discipline has two simulated scenarios: care of a patient with glycemic alteration and care of a patient with respiratory distress. The objectives of the simulation were to discuss clinical reasoning, knowledge to identify the main problem (nursing diagnosis) and the student's abilities to perform care (nursing intervention). After the simulations, the students were invited to fill in the ESEAA and EDS instruments.CONCLUSIONS: Use of the instruments allowed to identify the level of the students' satisfaction regarding the use of simulation as a teaching strategy and provided the teachers of the discipline with a reflection on the worked scenarios, revising the clarity of the objective, content and conduct of the debriefing. The results obtained from the students' responses reinforce the importance of using simulation and stimulate the teacher in the building of scenarios and developing  this strategy.