bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub , Purohit Neetu , Sultana Abida , Ma Ping , McKyer E. Lisako J. , Ahmed Helal Uddin
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in eight South Asian countries, yet there is a gap of a synthesized overview of the prevalence of mental disorders in this region. This umbrella review aims to summarize the prevalence of mental disorders from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of South Asian studies.Materials and methods: A systematic search of 11 major databases and additional sources was conducted until December 11, 2019. Articles were included if they were systematic reviews or meta-analyses, reported the prevalence of mental disorders, and reported primary studies conducted in South Asian countries only. Results: Among 2591 citations, a total of 23 reviews met all the criteria of this umbrella review. The synthesized findings from those reviews suggest high prevalence rates for mental disorders, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, suicidal behavior and self-harm, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, dementia, and other mental health problems. Also, findings suggest a high burden of maternal depression, psychiatric comorbidities in chronic physical illnesses, and various mental disorders among children, elderly adults, refugees, and other vulnerable populations. Most studies were from India whereas evidence from Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Maldives was limited.Conclusion: The findings of this review are constrained with heterogeneity in prevalence estimations, methodologies, sampling issues, and limitations in the existing literature, which should be addressed in future research. The evidence synthesized in this review provides national and regional overview of the prevalence of mental disorders, which may inform better policymaking and practice advancing mental health in South Asia.
Are “Associate Professors” better than “Associate Teaching Professors”? Student and faculty perceptions of faculty titles
Authors: Morling Beth , Lee Jeong Min
Published: January 2020

Full-time teaching-focused faculty at research universities may hold alternative titles such as Assistant Teaching Professor, Instructor, or Lecturer. We manipulated the title of a fictitious faculty target to investigate how such titles are perceived. Students (N = 317), respected and liked all targets and their ratings did not differ depending on title. Faculty respondents (N = 645) also liked and respected all the targets, but predicted that Associate Teaching Professors, compared to Associate Professors, would be paid less and would be less likely to have tenure, hold the Ph.D. or be respected outside their university. Lecturer and Instructor titles were estimated to be even lower in status. We discuss what our data mean about the status of teaching in academia.
Measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires across the US, the UK, and Germany
Authors: Wetzel Eunike , Lang Felix J. , Back Mitja , Vecchione Michele , Rogoza Radosław , Roberts Brent
Published: January 2020

With a recent surge of research on narcissism, narcissism questionnaires are increasingly beingtranslated and applied in various countries. The measurement invariance of an instrument across countries is a precondition for being able to compare scores across countries. We investigated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of three narcissism questionnaires (Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory, B-PNI; Narcissistic Personality Inventory, NPI; and Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, NARQ) and mean-level differences across samples from the United States (N = 2,464), the United Kingdom (N = 307), and Germany (N = 925). Overall, the B-PNI and NARQ functioned equivalently for US and UK participants. More violations of measurement invariance were found between Germany and the combined US and UK samples, and for the NPI. In the B-PNI and NARQ, Americans scored higher than individuals from the UK regarding agentic aspects (self-sacrificing self-enhancement, admiration), while Germans scored lower than both Americans and UK individuals regarding antagonistic (entitlement rage, rivalry) and neurotic (hiding the self, contingent self-esteem) aspects. More inconsistent results were found for NPI facets. When noninvariance was present, observed means yielded biased results. Thus, the degree of measurement invariance across translated instrument versions should be considered in cross-cultural comparisons, even with culturally similar countries.
Sexual Assault and Co-occurrence of Mental Health Outcomes among Female, Male, and Transgender–Gender Nonbinary U.S. College Students
Authors: Parr Nicholas J.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. To examine the co-occurrence of mental health (depression, anxiety, nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide ideation) and substance use outcomes among female, male, and transgender–gender nonbinary (TNB) college students exposed to sexual assault (SA).Methods. Data were drawn from a 2018 U.S. national survey of college student wellbeing (N = 50,438). Inverse propensity-weighted three-step latent class analysis was used to examine co-occurrence of outcomes while adjusting for 31 potential confounders of the relation between SA exposure and outcomes.Results. Four latent classes were identified for female and male participants, and two for TNB participants, reflecting a range from low to high outcome risk. Exposure to SA was associated with significantly and substantially increased odds (ORs: 2.03–3.64) of membership to the highest-risk outcome class compared to the lowest risk class.Conclusions. Exposure to SA in the college setting is associated with substantially increased risk of co-occurrence of depression, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide ideation regardless of gender identity.
Operationalizing Legitimacy
Authors: Schoon Eric W.
Published: January 2020

Legitimacy is widely invoked as a condition, cause, and outcome of other social phenomena, yet measuring legitimacy is a persistent challenge. This article synthesizes existing approaches to conceptualizing legitimacy across the social sciences to identify widely agreed upon definitional properties, and builds on these points of consensus to develop a generalizable approach to operationalization. Legitimacy implies specific relationships among three empirical elements: an object of legitimacy, an audience that confers legitimacy, and a relationship between the two. Together, these empirical elements constitute a dyad (i.e., a single unit consisting of two nodes and a tie). I identify three necessary conditions for legitimacy—expectations, assent, and conformity—that specify how elements of the dyad interact. I detail how these conditions can be used to empirically establish legitimacy (and illegitimacy), distinguishing it from dissimilar phenomena that may appear similar in their empirical manifestations. I elaborate the advantages of approaching the measurement of legitimacy in this way. Followed to its logical conclusion, this operationalization has important implications for understanding the effects of legitimacy. I discuss these implications, and how they inform debates over the relevance of legitimacy for explaining socially significant outcomes.
Factors affecting the productivity of coffee in Gulmi and Arghakhanchi districts of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Chandan , Bhandari Dija , Bhandari Subash , Bhusal Keshav , Khatri Bishal , Srivastava Arvind , Sapkota Bidya Kiran
Published: January 2020

Coffee is one of the major potential cash crops with lucrative export value grown in mid-hills of Nepal. Nepalese coffee production has suffered long by low productivity. Research was conducted from February to May, 2019 to analyze the factors affecting the productivity of coffee in Arghakhanchi and Gulmi districts of Nepal. These two districts were, purposively selected for this study taking account of comparative advantage and past studies recommendations for coffee sector. Altogether, 100 coffee growing households 50 from each, Arghakhanchi and Gulmi, were sampled by using multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect the primary information while secondary information was collected reviewing the relevant publications. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to determine the factors affecting the productivity of coffee. The study revealed that the number of active family members involved in coffee production (0.000), adoption of income diversification through intercropping (0.005), training (0.072) and technical assistance (0.021) had positive and significant effect on coffee productivity. Encouraging the household to have coffee production as their primary occupation, providing technical assistance on rational land utilization and intercropping and strengthening the skill and knowledge of farmers through trainings could significantly support in increasing the productivity of coffee.
Pesticides handling practices among potato growers in Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Kashi Ram , Sapkota Sundar , Sapkota Sanjib , Katuwal Krishna
Published: January 2020

The rate of pesticide application in the agricultural field is surging. Farmers are getting exposed to pesticide hazards from the misuse and unsafe handling of pesticides. The study was conducted among 101 potato growers in Kaverpalanchok district of Nepal in 2018. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, status, and pesticide handling practices among potato growers. Around 94% farmers applied pesticides against early and late blight. Only 5% growers treated seed before potato sowing. About 93 and 73% farmers sprayed pesticides 2-10 times/season into the field and spent 2-6 hours/pesticide spray respectively. More than 2/3rd growers did not read the pesticide labels, and nearly 95% growers received information on pesticide applications from agrovet rather than authorized government bodies. Only 13% farmers had received Integrated Pest Management (IPM) training. However, 1/4th of them had practiced IPM techniques. The majority of the growers used masks, rubber boots, and long-sleeved clothes during pesticide handling. Nearly 2/3rd growers threw pesticide containers anywhere in the environment. Concerned authorities should provide IPM training, skill-building programs on pesticide handling and awareness on waiting period and environmental hazards to avoid pesticide risk.
Farm size effects in rice productivity at Pyuthan district of Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Sagar , Karn Rupak , Jha Ritesh Kumar , Ojha Ankit , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2020

A research was conducted at Pyuthan district in order to access the profitability of rice production in Pyuthan during the summer season of 2018-2019. Altogether of 70 respondents were selected randomly and surveyed with semi-structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the average land holding was 0.45 hectare, and the average rice cultivation area was 0.34 hectare. On the basis of average rice cultivation area, farmers were categorized as small (39) and large (31). The cost and return was calculated among both the category. t- test was used to compare the mean costs of inputs between small and large farmers. Cost for agronomic operations was found far higher (more than 70%) in both the category in compared to the cost of inputs. Contribution of rice grains and straw to overall return was 72.65% and 27.35% respectively. Benefit Cost ratio was found greater among large farmers. The average B:C ratio was 1.51, which was fairly higher than 1.14 in Dang district indicating the investment of rice production is expected to deliver a positive net return to the farmers of the study area. In a nutshell, rice cultivation is an important enterprise that should be encouraged, considering the fact that it is a major staple crop.
Value chain analysis of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxburg) in Bhojpur, Nepal
Authors: Kalauni Dharmendra , Joshi Arati
Published: January 2020

Large Cardamom is a high value spice crop having substantial export potential. The study was conducted on Feb-May, 2019 in Arun rural municipality, Bhojpur municipality and Sadananda municipality with an objective to analyze existing value chain of Large Cardamom in Bhojpur district of Nepal.  In total, 150 Large Cardamom growers were selected using purposive sampling technique. In addition to that, 17 traders from the Bhojpur, Khadbari and Birtamod were also selected for the study. Findings showed that farmers were interested in Large Cardamom industry due to good return and high profit margin per unit of commodity. The benefit-cost ratio was found higher in Arun village municipality (1.735), followed by Sadananda municipality (1.467) and Bhojpur municipality (1.263). Increasing disease and pest attack and low seasonal price are the major problem in production and marketing of Large Cardamom respectively. Harvested capsules of Large Cardamom were dried using traditional drier (bhatti) that make the dried capsules prone to quality degradation. Value addition practices such as grading, tail cutting were found poor in farmer level. Producer’s share and marketing efficiency were found highest when farmers sell their product directly to exporter and lowest in domestic market channel. Demand and supply of Large Cardamom in Indian market was most determining factor for price fixation of Nepalese Large Cardamom. Thus from the study it is recommended to improve production process through appropriate mechanization, along with possible efforts in identification of potential international markets and possible ways for direct export to third countries which could help farmers to receive higher price.
Seed-borne infestation and management of Alternaria Species in mustard seed at Chitwan district, Nepal
Authors: Rijal Prashant , Subedi Subash , Adhikari Chiran , Shrestha Sundarman , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2020

Alternaria blight in mustard cause heavy damage to the foliar parts resulting into poor growth and development of plants and thereby reduces seed yield.  Inorder to manage Alternaria infestation in mustard seed for yield maximization, an experiment was conducted in the plant protection laboratory in Nepal Polytechnic Institute, Bharatpur, Chitwan in 2018, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. Five treatments i.e.Uthane M-45 (2g/kg), Neem powder (3 g/kg), Bojho powder (4g/kg), Trichoderma harzianum, (107 Conidia/mL) and control (without treatment) were used for seed treatment of local variety of Mustard. Four hundred seeds for each treatment (25 seeds in each petriplate) were plated using triple layers of moistened blotter paper in  petriplate and incubated at (27±20C) for 2 days and followed deep freezing for 24 hrs. Data of disease incidence and seed germination were recorded in 3, 7 and 10 days after incubation (DAI). Seedling vigor and seedling weight were also recorded at 5 DAI. The percentage of Alternaria spp incidence on seeds at different DAI showed highly significant with respect to different treatments. Application of Uthane M-45 and T. harzianum significantly reduced the seed-borne infection of Alternaria spp. as compared to control.  At 3 DAI Uthane M-45 completely checked the pathogen however, only 4% and 5% disease incidence was observed in 7 DAI and 10 DAI respectively. Bio control agent Trichoderma harzianum was found next best alternative after Uthane M-45 to control disease. Plant extract Bojho powder and Neem powder were found better than control to check the disease. Furthermore, highest germination (76%) was observed in Trichoderma treatment whereas, lowest germination was found in control.
Assessment of pesticide use in major vegetables from farmers’ perception and knowledge in Dhading district, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Sandesh , Paneru Sushma , Pandit Shailesh , Rijal Sramika , Manandhar Hira Kaji , Ghimire Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2020

A field study was carried out to assess the pesticide use status in major vegetable crops from farmers’ perception and knowledge in Dhading, Nepal in 2019. Field study was carried with 100 commercial farmer’s using semi-structure questionnaire by face to face interview. This study was analyzed by categorization of farmers into small holder (51) and large holder (49) groups on the basis of mean area of vegetable cultivation (6.48 ropani). The highest amount of pesticides is needed in tomato in both large holders and small holders according to the farmer’s experience. Among the study farmer’s, 41% of them spray the pesticides by making a cocktail or mixed method and 56%  follow the waiting period of 3-5 days in both of the cases. A significant positive correlation was found at 5% level of significance between the knowledge and practice pattern of waiting period of the pesticides and negative correlation was found between the Personal Protective equipment score and health hazard score. Headache was the major health hazards faced by the farmers which was higher in small holders (66.7%) as compared to the large holders (46.9%). Mask was the most used PPE by the farmer’s i.e. by 83% in overall. Fourty three percent of the farmer’s throw the pesticide containers in secret place after using of it.The use of PPE was seen lower in small holders as compared to the large holders. This study reveals the necessities of suitable program and policies regarding the knowledge, safe handling and use of pesticide among the farmer’s level.
Community based seed production through IRRI /IAAS projects in western mid hills of Nepal: A review
Authors: Adhikari Bishnu Bilas
Published: January 2020

A review on the community based seed production through IRRI/IAAS projects was made to know the seed production situation in western mid hills of Nepal. In Nepal, around 90% of seeds are supplied through informal sector where seed replacement rate (SRR) of major staple food crops is around 10%. The formal seed supply systems are characterized by a vertically organized production and distribution of released or registered varieties by public and private organizations using agreed quality control mechanism. Community Based Seed Production (CBSP) is one of the most important community resources from which, small holder farmers can improve their livelihoods which serves as a means to attain food and nutrition security and income generation to the farmers. IRRI/IAAS collaborative projects (IFAD TAG 706, STRASA and CURE) have establish 15 CBSP organizations in Lamjung, Tanahun, Gorkha and Bajhang district since 2006 to 2014 and producing quality seed annually. Project team has developed a unique type of working modality to get success in research, development and technology dissemination. Conduction of PVS trial annually in key sites, regular training to farmers, exposure visit of farmers, monthly meeting with farmers, regular minikit distribution in new sites, award to best seed producers, collaborative work with respective DADOs are some examples. Though CBSPs have faced major challenges like limitation of fund for seed buying, availability of quality source seed in time and place, availability of machines like moisture meter, grading machines, weighing machines, seed storage problems, marketing problems, natural disasters etc. the projects have contributed in release of rice varieties like Ghaiya-2, Sukhadhan series from 1 to 6, Bahuguni, Hardinath-2 and Chiyarang sub-1 as drought tolerant, and Ramdhan, Sunaulo sugandha, Mithila, Swarna sub 1 and Barkhe 1022 as irrigated varieties during project period.
Développement de la médecine d’urgence en Suisse : état des lieux et préoccupations
Authors: Schmutz T. , Carron P.N. , Exadaktylos A. , Sarasin F. , Ribordy V.
Published: January 2020

La médecine d’urgence (MU) en Suisse est en plein essor. Les centrales de régulation d’urgence, les services de sauvetage ambulancier, les services mobiles d’urgence et de réanimation, les secours héliportés et la création de services d’urgence hospitaliers autonomes apportent aujourd’hui une réponse forte aux besoins de la population. Malgré la place déterminante de ces services dans la politique de santé publique helvétique, laMU n’est toujours pas reconnue comme une spécialité à part entière et reste une formation complémentaire accessible en complément d’un titre préalable de spécialiste. La révision progressive du programme de cette formation et l’enrichissement de son contenu aboutiront inévitablement à la création d’un titre de spécialiste en MU, garant de la qualité des soins et du développement de la MU.
APPROXIMATED ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM ABOUT AN ELECTRODE ON THE PIEZOELECTROELASTIC HALF-PLACE WITH PIEZOELECTROELASTIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COATING
Authors: Aizikovich S.M. , Kudish I.I.
Published: January 2020

The paper addresses to the plane contact problem on an electrode on the surface of a functionally graded piezoelectric coating glued with no friction with a homogeneous piezoelectric half-plane. The coating and the substrate are assumed to be transversely isotropic, the axis of isotropy coincides with the axis of polarization and normal to the surface of the coating. Arbitrary independent variation of the electroelastic properties of the coating in depth is considered. Plane electrode is placed on the surface of the coating and potential difference is applied which leads to an el ectroelastic deformation of the coating and substrate.

Using the integral transformation technique, the problem is reduced to the solution of the dual integral equation. This equation is solved by the bilateral asymptotic method, based on an idea of using Pade approximation of the kernel transform of the integral equation. An approximated dual integral equation is solved in a closed analytical form. Approximated analytical expressions for electric induction and potential, vertical and horizontal displacements on the surface of the coating are constructed. These expressions are asymptotically exact both for big and small values of the relative coating thickness (relation of the coating thickness to electrode half-width).
DYNAMIC TESTS OF FROZEN SAND SOILS
Authors: Balandin V.V. , Meyer L.V. , Abdel-Malek S.
Published: January 2020

The study of the laws of contact interaction of hard and deformable impactors with frozen soils is of great scientific and applied value. In solving such problems, numerical methods are widely used. For numerically modeling the behavior of frozen soil under dynamic loading, it is necessary to use models of soil media that adequately describe their behavior at various negative temperatures, humidities and strain rates. To identify the parameters of these models, experimental studies are required for determining dynamic properties of soils at low temperatures.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of dynamic deformation of samples of frozen sand with humidities of 10% and 18%. Compression experiments were conducted using a stand implementing the Kolsky method. Deformation curves of frozen sand at a temperature of -18 °С were obtained under uniaxial stress conditions at various strain rates in the range of 400-2500 s-1. Diagrams of strength of frozen sand under uniaxial compression as a function of strain rate are constructed. The diagrams are linear for samples of different humidity in the studied range of strain rates. Maximum stresses in frozen water-saturated sand are higher than those in frozen sand of 10% humidity. With increasing strain rate, compressive strength of water-saturated sand grows faster than that of sand with a moisture content of 10%: at a strain rate of about 500 s-1, the stresses in frozen water-saturated sand, at which the samples fail, are 1.5 times higher than those in the frozen sand with a moisture content of 10%, and at a strain rate of 2500 s-1 they are 3 times as high.
REFINED MODEL OF VISCO-ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF REINFORCED FLEXIBLE SHALLOW SHELLS
Authors: Yankovskii A.P.
Published: January 2020

The initial-boundary value problem of the visco-elastic-plastic behavior of flexible shallow shells reinforced along parallel surfaces is formulated. The inelastic behavior of the materials of the components of the composition is described by the equations of the theory of plastic flow with isotropic hardening. Viscoelastic deformation is determined by the relations of the Maxwell -Boltzmann model. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account in the Karman approximation. The obtained resolving equations and boundary conditions allow with varying degrees of accuracy to determine the stress-strain state (including the residual state) in the components of the composition of curved panels. The low resistance of the reinforced structure to transverse shear is taken into account. In the first approximation, the equations and boundary conditions corresponding to the traditional non-classical Reddy theory follow from the relations obtained. The numerical solution of the formulated initial-boundary value problem is based on an explicit “cross” scheme. The features of visco-elastic-plastic dynamic deformation of an orthogonal reinforced cylindrical rectangular panel under the action of a load caused by an air blast wave are investigated. It is shown that in some cases even for relatively thin reinforced shallow shells, Reddy's theory is unacceptable for obtaining adequate results of calculations of their visco-elastic-plastic dynamic behavior. It has been demonstrated that the shape and size of the residual deflections of curved composite panels substantially depend on which face surface of the structure (convex or concave) an external load is applied. It was found that in both cases of loading, residual deflections lead to the formation of longitudinal folds in a thin cylindrical reinforced panel.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONSERVATIVE SMOOTHING EFFECT ON THE ACCURACY OF DYNAMIC ELASTIC-PLASTIC SPHERICAL SHELLS BUCKLING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Demareva A.V.
Published: January 2020

Large changes of a lead spherical shell enclosed in an aluminum spacesuit under the action of an overload pulse are considered. The defining system of equations is formulated in Lagrange variables in a two-dimensional (axisymmetric) formulation. Strain and stress rates are determined in the local coordinate system. Kinematic relations are recorded in the metric of the current state. The relations of the flow theory with isotropic hardening are used as state equations. The contact interaction of the shell and the spacesuit is modeled by non-penetration conditions taking into account friction. The numerical solution of the problem under given boundary and initial conditions is based on the finite element method moment scheme and the explicit time integration “cross” type scheme. 4-node isoparametric finite elements with bilinear form functions are used to discretize the defining system of equations for spatial variables. To suppress the numerical solution high-frequency oscillations, the procedure of nodal displacements rates conservative smoothing is used. As shown by the results of numerical research spherical shell in the process of intensive dynamic loading undergoes large deformation and rotation angles as a rigid whole. The calculation results reliability is confirmed by a good correspondence to the experimental data. The influence of conservative smoothing procedure and moment components of deformations and stresses on the solution accuracy is analyzed. It is shown that without conservative smoothing procedure using, the shape of the spherical shell buckling obtained in the calculation does not correspond to the experimental data. Neglect of the moment components of strains and stresses leads to the development of instability of the “hourglass” type.
MODELING OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ELEMENTS OF SPATIAL STRUCTURES DURING PULSE INTERACTION WITH FLUID BASED ON THE GODUNOV'S METHOD OF INCREASED ACCURACY
Authors: Cheng Wang , Tonghui Yang , Wan Li , Li Tao , Abuziarov M.H. , Kochetkov A.V.
Published: January 2020

The spatial problem of internal explosive loading of an elastoplastic cylindrical container filled with water in Eulerian - Lagrangian variables using multigrid algorithms is considered. A defining system of three-dimensional equations of the dynamics of gas, fluid, and elastoplastic medium is presented. For numerical modeling, a modification of S.K. Godunov scheme of the increased accuracy for both detonation products and liquids, and elastoplastic container is used. At the moving contact boundaries “detonation products - liquid”, “liquid - deformable body”, the exact solution of the Riemann's problem is used. A time dependent model is used to describe the propagation of steady-state detonation wave through an explosive from an initiation region. In both cases, the initiation of detonation occurs at the center of the charge. Two problems have been solved: the first task for the aisymmetric position of the charge, the second for the charge shifted relative to the axis of symmetry. In the first task, the processes are two-dimensional axisymmetric in nature, in the second task, the processes are essentially three-dimensional. A comparison is made of the results of calculations of the first problem using a three-dimensional method with a solution using a previously developed two-dimensional axisymmetric method and experimental data. Good agreement is observed between the numerical results for the maximum velocities and circumferential strains obtained by various methods and experimental data. There is good agreement between the numerical results obtained by various methods and the known experimental data. Comparison of the results of solving the first and second problems shows a significant effect of the position of the charge on the wave processes in the liquid, the processes of loading the container and its elastoplastic deformation. The dynamic behavior of a gas bubble with detonation products is analyzed. A significant deviation of the bubble shape from the spherical one, caused by the action of shock waves reflected from the structure, is shown. Comparison of the results of solving the first and second problems showed a significant effect of the charge position on wave processes in a liquid, the processes of loading a container and its elastoplastic deformation. In particular, in the second problem, shock waves of higher amplitude are observed in the liquid when reflected from the walls of the container.
ON THE LOSS OF STABILITY OF A TWO-LAYERED PLATE MADE OF A FUNCTIONAL-GRADIENT MATERIAL WITH A NON-UNIFORM FIELD OF PRE-STRESSES
Authors: Eremeev V.V.
Published: January 2020

In the framework of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity we consider linear instability of a composite plate made of functionally graded material and having initial stresses. The plae consists of two layers which were obtained as a result of flattening of an annual sector of an elastic cylinder. This deformation results in appearance of internal stresses. Thus, the plate becomes initially stressed. The initial stresses depend on the thickness coordinate, so we get inhomogeneous stress field. We have two types of inhomogeneities, the first is the inhomogeneity of the initial stresses whereas the second is the material inhomogeneity.We use the incompressible neo-Hookean material model as a constitutive relation. Despite of relatively simple form this model describes properly severe deformations of some rubber-like materials. For incompressible materials the flattening constitutes one of the so-called universal deformations, that is such deformation which is independent on the choice of constitutive relation. The material inhomogeneity is described through a dependence of the shear modulus on the thickness coordinate. Such inhomogeneity could be related to the manufacturing of the material or to further treatment. The stability was analysed using the linearization approach. We superimpose infinitesimal deformations on the finite initial one. The linearized boundary-value problem was derived and its nontrivial solutions were obtained. The solution was obtained in series of trigonometric functions. This helps to automatically satisfy a part of boundary conditions. We consider the influence of the inhomogeneity and initial stresses. We show that the initial stresses may significantly change critical deformations. For example, the loss of stability is possible due to initial stresses only.
THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE STRAIN RATE SENSITIVITY OF STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN THE LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY THEORY AND ITS INTERRELATION WITH RELAXATION MODULUS
Authors: Khokhlov A.V.
Published: January 2020

Properties of the stress-strain curves family generated by the Boltzmann-Volterra linear viscoelasticity constitutive equation under uni-axial loadings at constant strain rates are studied analytically. Assuming relaxation modulus is arbitrary, the general expression for strain rate sensitivity index as the function of strain and strain rate is derived and analyzed. It is found out (within the framework of the linear viscoelasticity theory) that the strain rate sensitivity index depends only on the single argument that is the ratio of strain to strain rate. So defined function of one real variable is termed “the strain rate sensitivity function” and it may be regarded as a material function since it is interconvertible with relaxation modulus. It is found out that this function can be increasing or decreasing or non-monotone or can have local maximum or minimum without any complex restrictions imposed on the relaxation modulus. It is proved that the strain rate sensitivity value is confined in the interval from zero to unity (the upper bound of strain rate sensitivity index for pseudoplastic media) whatever strain and strain rate magnitudes are and its values may be close to unity (even for the standard linear solid model). It means that the linear viscoelasticity theory is able to produce high values of strain rate sensitivity index and to provide existence of the strain rate sensitivity index local maximum with respect to strain rate (for any fixed strain). These properties are the most distinctive features of superplastic deformation regime observed in numerous materials tests.

The explicit integral expression for relaxation modulus via the strain rate sensitivity function is derived. It enables one to restore relaxation modulus assuming a strain rate sensitivity function is given. The restrictions on the strain rate sensitivity function are obtained to provide decrease and convexity down of the resulting relaxation modulus as a function of time, i.e. to provide necessary properties of a relaxation modulus in the linear viscoelasticity. Thus, the technique is developed to evaluate relaxation modulus using test data for strain rate sensitivity, in particular, using piecewise smooth approximations (by splines, for example) of an experimental strain rate sensitivity function.
The quality of gosling meat depending on the level of lithium in mixed fodders
Authors: Sobolev O. I. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: January 2020

Micronutrients are an important component of a complete poultry feeding. Current detailed feeding standards provide guaranteed feed additives for farm poultry of the microelement complex. Among the normalized microelements there is no lithium, which according to the classification based on biological role for living organisms belongs to the group of conditionally essential elements. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of various doses of lithium in compound feed on the chemical composition and toxicological and biological parameters of caterpillar meat. The effect of additives of different doses of lithium (0.05 mg/kg, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/kg) in compound forages on the quality and safety of the products of slaughter of 70-day gosling was studied. The studies were conducted on gosling of the Legart breed. Feeding of gosling from day to 70 days of age was carried out by full-feed compound feeds. The birds of the experimental groups were additionally injected with lithium in the feed, mg/kg: the second group was 0.05; third – 0.10 and fourth – 0.15. The gosling of the control group did not receive lithium. Analysis of the results of the studies revealed differences between the control and experimental groups in the chemical composition of the muscular tissue of the gosling in favor of the latter. It was found that the introduction of lithium compound feed had a positive effect on the deposition of dry matter, protein and fat in the gosling of the experimental groups, which contributed to its increased energy and biological value. The best indicators of meat quality were in young animals, which during the growing period were fed compound feeds enriched with lithium at the rate of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg.
Distribution, etiology and prevention of subclinical mastitis in cows
Authors: Sachuk R. M. , Stravsky Ya. S. , Shevchenko A. M. , Katsaraba O. A. , Kostyshyn Ye. Ye. , Zhyhalyuk S. V.
Published: January 2020

According to the results of the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination in 2016–2018, the etiology and pathogenesis of mastitis in 90 cows of FG “Mriia” of Rivne region were analyzed. During the research, 83.3 % of the cows were diagnosed with breast inflammation. Subclinical form of udder inflammation was found in 51.1 %, clinical in 32.2 %, and at the same time hidden and clinical, in the same proportion – in 12.2 % of animals. In the farm, the cause of mastitis, were violations of sanitary and hygienic conditions of keeping cows and systematic technological underdevelopment of specialists in zootechnical and veterinary services. Frequent postpartum pathologies, including postpartum paresis and ketosis, contributed to the development of the disease. The experimental data for the study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of “Forticept” udder hygiene products on the condition of the breast, milk quality and cow productivity are presented. The “Forticept Udder Wash” antiseptic is used to prepare the udder for milking, and the “Forticept Udder Forte” film-forming agent is used to preserve udder nipples after milking is completed. It is established that the treatment, before and after milking, of the udder of cows by means of the “Forticept” complex, after 15 days allows to reduce significantly (by 55 %) the number of animals with subclinical mastitis (SFM). Within 30 days of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte”, the incidence of SFM in the cows of the experimental group decreased from the starting 41.7 % to 19.0–23.0 %. Hygienic treatment of the cows udder with the drugs “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” did not give the desired effect of reducing the manifestations of SFM: on the 30th day of the experiment, the number of positive milk samples in the control group increased by 4.0 % (up to 54 %). Оn the thirty-day “Forticept” series, only one new case of subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in the experimental group. The preventive effect of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte” on SFM is 96.0 %, in the preparations “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” – 70.0 %. Reducing the incidence rate naturally contributed to the increase in daily milk yields, the improvement of milk quality indicators for fats, protein, casein and a decrease in the content of SC, KMAFanM1 and microorganisms. In the animals of the experimental group, the level of somatic cells was 339.14 ± 21.22 thousand/ml by the end of the observation period and was 26.7 % lower than the control group. At that, the number of quarters of the breast with somatic cell content more than 400 thousand/ml of milk decreased in both groups, namely: in the experimental group – by 19.0 %, in the control group – by 15.1 %.
Biochemical indices of piglets blood under the action of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus”
Authors: Martyshuk T. V. , Gutyj B. V. , Vishchur O. I. , Todoriuk V. B.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the search was to investigate the influence of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” on the biochemical indices of piglets blood when weaned. The experiments were conducted on the basis of Ltd. “KOSHET” of Mukachevo district, Transcarpathian region. Two groups of pigs were formed – control (C) and experimental (E), in the number of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the basis of analogues – age, breed and body weight. In the suckling period, pigletss were kept under sows in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from 5 days of age – free access to concentrated feed. The research material was blood collected in the morning by puncture of the cranial vena cava on the 20th day of life (period before weaning), on the 25th day of life (period before weaning), on the 30th day of life (2 days after weaning), for 35 days of life (7 days after weaning), for 40 days of life (12 days after weaning). Weaning of piglets from sows at 28 days of age leads to a slight decrease in total protein and increased activity of aminotransferases. Increased activity of ALAT and ASAT in pigs' serum after weaning from sows reflects the nonspecific response of the organism to the action of stress factors and indicates an increased release of enzymes into the extracellular space. Feeding of piglets with feed additives “Butaselmevit-plus” promotes to enhance the protein synthesizing function of the liver and reduce the activity of aminotransferases. The decrease in the activity of aminotransferases in the blood of piglets of the experimental group, indicates that the components of the feed additive counteract the influence of stress, and also contribute to the maintenance the integrity of cell membranes specific to these organ enzymes, which prevents their output from the cells.
Gas Triangle Russia – EU – Ukraine: Pending Risks
Authors: MITRAHOVICH Stanislav
Published: January 2020

The preparation for the conclusion of a new gas transit contract between Russia and Ukraine, at the end of 2019, turned out to be an extremely difficult political and economic process affecting the interests of various actors. Conflicting interests and positions of Russian and Ukrainian political leaderships and business companies, as well as those of the USA, EU, Germany have been involved. Another important political context for energy diplomacy have been the EU integration policies, including the implementation of the updated EU Gas Directive into the national laws of member states.
Modern German Populism: the General and the Specific
Authors: POGORELSKAYA Svetlana
Published: January 2020

Populism is one of those problematic notions that have no single and correct interpretation; rather there are mainstream and controversial ways to use them. Nowadays, so-called populism can be understood as a reaction of the populations rooted in their states to globalization processes and to changes in the ideological profile of Western establishment parties. The phenomenon is examined in the case of today's Germany, with its “Alternative for Germany” and the “Stand Up” movement. Comparative analysis of political programs shows that there are many similarities between right and left populisms on a number of substantive issues. Both have anti-globalization attitudes, are dissatisfied with political elites and point to the dangers of social stratification.
Lyftogt perineural injection therapy® as a primary treatment for plantar fasciitis: a randomized, controlled pilot with crossover
Authors: Conaway Eileen , O'Donnell Arlene , Pepe Julie , Pena Melissa
Published: January 2020

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common condition that interferes with patient function and activity level. This study compared usual care to Lyftogt perineural injection therapy® as a primary treatment for plantar fasciitis.

Methods: Subjects with foot pain associated with plantar fasciitis were recruited in to the study. They were randomized into the usual care protocol or treatment with Lyftogt perineural injection therapy®. Subjects in the injection group were injected weekly for 8 weeks. Five milliliters of 5% dextrose in water were injected perineural to the saphenous nerve at the adductor canal and the deep tibial nerve at the bifurcation of the gastrocnemius muscles of the affected side. Subjects who completed the 8 week usual care protocol, crossed over into the injection therapy arm. Subject assessed Roles and Maudsley Scores on a 1–4 scale, physician assessed pain with palpation on a 1–4 scale, and MSKUS measured plantar fasciitis thickness were tracked.

Results: Complete information for 9 control and 9 intervention subjects was compiled. MSKUS measured plantar fasciitis thickness was significantly reduced in the intervention group (p = 0.019). Physician assessed pain with palpation was also significantly reduced for the compiled intervention group (p = 0.006).

Conclusion: Lyftogt perineural injection therapy® may be a viable treatment option for plantar fasciitis.
Kitchen Waste Disposal and Management Practices in Urban Region of Bangladesh through Barrel Composting System
Authors: Mahmud Mohammad Rasel , Islam Md. Sirajul , Meghla Nowara Tamanna , Kabir Md. Humayun , Uddin Muhammad Jasim
Published: January 2020

The present paper is based on a study that was performed to assess the kitchen waste management through barrel composting system in order to produce organic fertilizer, and to investigate the physicochemical properties (pH and moisture content) including nutrient contents (OC, N, P, K and S) and heavy metal concentration (Pb, Cd and Cr) of the produced organic fertilizer during the period from July 2016 to June 2017 in the urban area of Tangail region. Kitchen wastes were collected twice in a week for 6 months from 2 halls of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU) and 2 wards of Tangail municipality and divided into 2 phases. About 5.8 kg organic fertilizer was produced from 178.52 kg kitchen waste, which was highly enriched with nutrients. The pH of the composts was increased and moisture contents (67 to 71% in 1st phase and 36 to 44% in 2nd phase) were decreased with duration and waste dried up period. Finally, moisture content ranged from 23 to 31%. The produced organic fertilizer contained organic carbon (24.42 to 27.68%), total nitrogen (2.035 to 2.533%), C/N ratio (10.07 to 12), phosphorus (0.735 to 0.872%), potassium (2.83 to 3.89%) and sulphur (0.578 to 0.68%). The Pb concentration exceeded in green barrel, whereas it was negligible in black barrel. The Cd and Cr concentrations in both types of barrels were within permissible level.
Heterosis Study in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for Yield Attributing Traits through Line x Tester Matting Design
Authors: Lakshman Shyam Sundar , Chakrabarty Nihar Ranjan , Kole Praresh Chandra
Published: January 2020

Heterosis is the increase or decrease in vigour of F1 over its mid or better parental value. The development of new high yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on hybridization requires information on the heterotic effects for agronomically important traits in the F1 generation. This paper estimates the extent of heterosis for various characters and to isolate promising sunflower hybrids. From the experiment it was revealed that the average heterosis of 8.9% for days to 50% flowering, 65.1% for plant height; 80.3% for head diameter;139.8% for seed yield (kg/ha);107.5% for number of filled seed/head; 5.9% for seed filling %; 10.8% for 100 seed weight, 12.1%for 100 seed kernel weight, 6.5% for hull content; 4.7% for volume weight (g/100 cc); 0.1% for oil content (%;) and 140.4% for oil yield (kg/ha) respectively. In all crosses, seed and oil yield (kg/ha) traits and other desirable traits, P-2-7-1A, CMS-10 A, P-89-1A, EC-601958, R-104, EC-601978, R-138-2, R-630 and R-6D-1 were involved more frequently. Among the 36 sunflower hybrids, for seed yield and oil yield (kg/ha), fifteen crosses displayed significant positive sca effects and performance per se, among them the crosses.