bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pravljica: družbena resničnost in mirabilis – s posebnim ozirom na renesančne različice pravljice o Pepelki
Authors: Tratnik Polona
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the Renaissance literary tale, specifically from the work Facetious Nights by Gian Francesco Straparola. The collection features a variant of Cinderella's tale, which is a case particularly studied in the article. The author analyses the resemblance techniques used by Straparola to encapsulate the social reality of the time, and studies how the Renaissance episteme, grounded in the principles of resemblance, expresses in his work. The mirroring of nature, best illustrated through the metaphor of a mirror, accentuates the importance of the visual and comprises mirabilis, which is etymologically rooted in mirroring. The author explores the social function of tales in Venetian society and the ways, in which the marvellous was used to achieve this objective. The article shows interrelations between Straparola's works and Slovenian folktales, as well as with older variants of the studied cases.
Bio-Inspired Sensory Systems: Using Natural Photo-, Mechano-, and Chemo-Sensory Systems for Design Inspiration
Authors: Brooks Geoffrey
Published: January 2021

Using natural sensory system concepts to develop and improve sensory systems will continue to thrive for many years to come. Technology advances rapidly (Moore’s Law) as does our understanding of biological principles and designs. These trends fuel the fertile grounds of bio-inspired sensory systems, a topic that is inherently multidisciplinary. This book will serve well as either an academic text on the subject or an introduction to the variety of proven bio-inspired designs. The focus is on sensory systems that interpret environmental stimuli. It introduces natural photo-, mechano-, and chemo-sensory systems across the animal kingdom and also summarizes various novel engineering ideas that glean ideas from these natural sensory systems.
Efeito da vacina contra a influenza na morbidade e mortalidade referente í pneumonia nos idosos do municí­pio de João Neiva/ES entre 2010 e 2015
Authors: Prestes Yandra Alves , De Jesus Luziana Miossi , Campos Hércules Lázaro Morais
Published: January 2021

Introdução: As infecções respiratórias, particularmente a pneumonia, está entre as causas mais importantes de morbidade e mortalidade da população idosa. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto das Campanhas de Vacinação contra a influenza, nas internações e óbitos em idosos por pneumonia no municí­pio de João Neiva/ES no perí­odo de 2010 a 2015. Métodos: Os dados utilizados foram do DATASUS, no registro de autorização de internações hospitalares (SIH), Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização (SI-PNI). Foram incluí­dos apenas indiví­duos â‰¥ 60 anos de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatí­stica (IBGE). Resultados: Os números de hospitalizações por pneumonia foram iguais a 84 casos no perí­odo de 2010 a 2015, sendo (45,2%) em idosos homens e (54,8%) mulheres. Os casos de mortalidade por pneumonia foram 17 óbitos, desses 11 ocorreram em idosos do sexo masculino e 6 na população idosa feminina. Conclusão: No municí­pio de João Neiva, há uma mudança discreta nos indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade em ambos os sexos, com diferentes padrões entre as faixas etárias, sugerindo impacto positivo na prevenção de internações e óbitos em idosos após a introdução da campanha de vacinação contra a influenza.Palavras-chave: vacinação, idoso, pneumonia, hospitalização, mortalidade.
Efeito do treinamento muscular respiratório em pacientes com doença de Huntington: relato de casos
Authors: Pinheiro Hudson Azevedo , Galdino Anna Beatriz Milesi , Silva Anne Beatriz Alves , Andrade Larissa de Matos , Araújo Verônica Ferreira , De Faria Flávia Perassa
Published: January 2021

Introdução: A doença de Huntington (DH) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva, caracterizada pela trí­ade: alterações motoras, distúrbios psiquiátricos e disfunção cognitiva. Os pacientes com DH apresentarão restrição da mobilidade, que, futuramente, irá ocasionar fraqueza muscular generalizada. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento da musculatura respiratória com o uso do Threshold em pacientes diagnosticados com DH atendidos na clí­nica escola de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Unieuro. Métodos: Os participantes foram submetidos ao programa de treinamento da musculatura respiratória com o uso do Threshold® IMT. O programa consiste em 3 séries com 5 repetições ao dia, por 3 semanas. Ao final do treinamento os pacientes foram reavaliados, e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os resultados obtidos na avaliação inicial. Resultados: Após 3 semanas de treinamento, o paciente 1 apresentou como melhor resultado da pressão inspiratória máxima e da pressão expiratória máxima igual a 50 cmH2O e no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos percorreu 261 metros. Já o paciente 2 apresentou como melhor resultado da pressão inspiratória máxima 70 cmH2O e da pressão expiratória máxima 60 cmH2O, e no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos percorreu 146 metros. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o treinamento muscular respiratório pode ser benéfico para os pacientes com doença de Huntington, porém são necessários mais estudos para determinar o melhor protocolo para os mesmos.Palavras-chave: doença de Huntington, força muscular, músculos respiratórios, teste de caminhada, treinamento muscular.
Aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes vitimados de escalpelamento assistidos em um hospital referência na Região Amazônica
Authors: Melo Anderson Albuquerque , Rodrigues Alielson Oliveira , Torres Daniel da Costa , Ávila Paulo Eduardo Santos
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O escalpelamento é trauma que causa ferimentos e lesões por avulsão parcial ou total do couro cabeludo, provocado, principalmente, pelo contato acidental dos cabelos compridos com o eixo do motor comumente utilizado em embarcações da Região Amazônica. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados ví­timas de escalpelamento assistidos em um hospital de referência materno infantil da Região Amazônica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, retrospectivo, documental, quantitativo realizado em hospital de referência às ví­timas de escalpelamento, atendidos no perí­odo de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. Após triagem inicial dos prontuários, 40 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Em relação aos dados sociodemográficos, constatou-se no total de prontuários a prevalência do sexo feminino (97,5%), sendo sua maioria proveniente da mesorregião do Marajó (47,5%), tendo como principal caracterí­stica o escalpelamento total (65,0%) por eixo de motor (95,0%). Dentre as complicações encontradas, a infecção oriunda do escalpelamento apresentou percentual de 12,5% (<0,001). Em relação aos procedimentos cirúrgicos, com 17,5%, a reconstrução do pavilhão auricular e trepanação apresentaram maior relevância (<0,001). Conclusão: Pode-se observar que as ví­timas de escalpelamento passam longos perí­odos em tratamento e acompanhamento, implicando em um longo processo de hospitalização sendo submetidas a diversas intervenções cirúrgicas operatórias reparadoras e plásticas. Além disso, a extensividade do tratamento pode causar traumas devido às alterações anatomofisiológicas craniofacial.Palavras-chave: couro cabeludo, ferimentos e lesões, intervenções cirúrgicas.
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Nineteen Gladiolus Germplasm
Authors: Hoque MA , Mahmud S
Published: January 2021

Nineteen gladiolus germplasms were characterized and evaluated in the Research Field of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during November 2017 to May 2018 for identifying suitable line(s) to release as a variety for commercial cultivation. The accession G8 produced the highest number of shoots (3.3) and effective shoots (3.0) per hill. The accessions that produced flower stalk within 75 days of planting included BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1, 58.7 days), G2 (62.3 days), G3 (65.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 5 (G4, 61.3 days), G5 (55.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 6 (G7, 71.3 days), G10 (74.0 days), G14 (73.3 days), G15 (75.0 days) and G19 (67.3 days). The highest rachis length was recorded in BARI gladiolus- 3 (53.7 cm) which was statistically similar with the rachis length of G6 (46.0 cm), G10 (46.3 cm), G11 (47.0 cm) and BARI gladiolus- 1 (G12, 46.3 cm) but significantly differed with other accessions. Most of the accessions in general, produced more than 10 florets per spike. Vase life of the accessions varied and G11 had the highest vase life of 9-11 days and this was close to 9-10 days in G9 and 8-9 days in BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1), G8, G10, G17, G18 and G19. The highest number of corm per hill was recorded in G8 (10.3) followed by G5 (8.7), G16 (8.3), G17 (7.7) and BARI gladiolus- 3 (6.7). Number of cormels per hill ranged from 9.0-941.7 with an average of 237.0. Based on various plant, flower colour, corm and cormel production characters, the gladiolus accessions G3, G5, G8, G9, G10, G11, G14, G16, G17, G18 and G19 may be considered for further study.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 37-48
Phenotypic Characterization of Zinc and Iron Rich Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines of Rice
Authors: Mashiat S , Ivy NA , Rasul MG , Haque MM , Raihan MS
Published: January 2021

A total of 23 cytoplasmic male sterile (A) lines with their corresponding maintainer (B) lines of rice were used for the experiment. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design with two replications in the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during Aman season 2017. A total of 13 characters were studied. BRRI 1A, IR 62 A and IR 68888 A had shown both the earliness and dwarfness character. The higher yield per plant was obtained from Gan 46 A, Straw A, Sugundhi dhan 2A, IR 68888 A and BRRI 1A. Zinc and Iron content of phenotypically best performed rice genotypes were determined in brown condition by using X-Ray Fluorescence technique (XRF). Small differences between Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment in expression of the characters. Correlation study revealed that selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle, thousand grain weight and number of grains per panicle would be effective for increasing grain yield per plant. Path co-efficient study showed that direct selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle and number of effective tiller per plant would be indicator for yield improvement. Considering yield and studied characters IR 58 A, IR 62 A, IR 68888 A, Gan 46 A and BRRI 1A could be used as cytoplasmic male sterile line which is enriched with zinc and iron.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 105-114
Economic Value-Added Creation by Optimizing Capital Structure in Project Finance
Authors: Charisma Bryan , Amir Encep
Published: January 2021

Infrastructure Projects are large investment by the public and/or private sector that required enormous financial resource commitment to build physical asset and facilities needed for economic development so that the company need project financing to support with. Project finance is based on debt repayment from project companies’ revenue and not on the sponsors or the developer’s balance sheet, so the project companies should assure the cash flow is sufficient for debt repayment and dividend payment. Beside that investors still have to analyze the value created in that project with highest positive Economic Value Added. Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) need to cover cost of invested capital to create value so that the ratio of NOPAT to total Project Cost (Return on Invested Capital) is should be more than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The capital structure doesn’t have an optimum weight and cost as long as the Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) higher than WACC.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em casos de COVID-19 com evolução clínica para sepse
Authors: Silva Maria Isabel Caetano da , Silva Raul Roriston Gomes da , Alencar Rayane Moreira de , Gadelha Naftale Alves dos Santos , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: elaborar Diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE), através da identificação de sinais e sintomas descritos na literatura de pacientes com COVID-19 com evolução clínica para sepse ou choque séptico. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura onde a busca ocorreu nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) (via PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane e EMBASE, nos meses de abril e maio de 2020. Utilizou-se a estratégia de busca avançada para realização do cruzamento entre os MeSH a partir do operador booleano AND: Coronavirus Infections AND Sepsis, obtendo-se amostra final de 8 relatos de casos. Resultados: Mediante os estudos, foram elencados 16 diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I de acordo com o quadro clínico apresentado pelos pacientes, destes, seis mostraram-se mais prevalentes, sendo intitulados de ventilação espontânea prejudicada, padrão respiratório ineficaz, risco de desequilíbrio eletrolítico, termorregulação ineficaz, volume de líquidos deficiente e dor aguda. Conclusão: A identificação desses DE oferece subsídios para elaboração de um cuidar direcionado a atender as necessidades dos pacientes, ademais, valoriza a profissão como ciência e guia os profissionais de enfermagem para um cuidar organizado e com qualidade.
Avaliação do comportamento reológico de argamassa de revestimento por meio do ensaio de cisalhamento direto
Authors: Nascimento Ingridy Ranyelli Quitéria Sales , Fucale Stela , Silva Angelo Just da Costa e , Silva Aline Catia da , Ferreira Silvio Romero de Melo
Published: January 2021

O comportamento das argamassas no estado fresco tem sido objeto de diversas pesquisas recentes no Brasil. Torna-se, portanto, interessante a adoção de novas tecnologias que busquem otimizar o desempenho das argamassas, melhorando o conhecimento das suas propriedades, possibilitando uma aplicação produtiva e minimizando, sobretudo, futuras falhas. O artigo analisa o comportamento de argamassas de revestimento, no estado fresco, verificando a eficácia da utilização do equipamento de cisalhamento direto com diferentes combinações de traços e materiais de composição. Foram dosados quatro traços de argamassa, com proporções distintas da cal (TR1 = 1:0:6; TR2 = 1:0,5:6; TR3 = 1:1:6 – referência; TR4 = 1:1,5:6), apresentando espalhamento (flowtable) constante e igual a 245 ± 5 mm. Os ensaios de cisalhamento direto foram realizados aplicando diferentes tensões normais (10 kPa, 37 kPa e 50 kPa) e velocidade cisalhante de 0,2 mm/min. O método permitiu identificar aumento das tensões cisalhantes, coesão, ângulo de atrito e deslocamentos horizontais à medida que a cal é adicionada na mistura, indicando a sensibilidade do método e grande potencial de sua utilização para essa avaliação em argamassas em estado fresco. A adição de cal ao traço eleva o fator água/cimento para uma mesma trabalhabilidade no estado fresco, mas no estado endurecido pode aumentar a porosidade das argamassas, causando perda de RCS. As eletromicrografias permitiram identificar os poros, os arranjos entre os constituintes, a rugosidade das superfícies, as zonas de interface entre materiais e os cristais presentes na pasta-ligante.
Durabilidad del hormigón por ataque ácido en estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales. Casos prácticos de diagnóstico
Authors: López Sánchez Pedro , Díaz-Pavón Cuaresma Eduardo
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados y conclusiones de los estudios experimentales efectuados para el diagnóstico de los graves daños detectados en las zonas emergidas de los paramentos de hormigón de los decantadores, canales de reparto, reactores biológicos, depósitos de fangos y de diversos pozos y galerías de tres estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales. La agresividad de las aguas y lodos analizados corresponde, según la Instrucción EHE-08, a la de las clases específicas de exposición Qb (ataque medio) debido a los contenidos de sulfatos y Qc (ataque fuerte) por los de ion amonio. Sin embargo, el nivel de deterioro de los hormigones inspeccionados y analizados es muy superior al que sería ocasionado por estos agentes agresivos considerando el tiempo de vida en servicio de las tres estructuras. Se exponen y analizan los resultados de las inspecciones efectuadas y de los ensayos de caracterización de los hormigones (resistencia, dosificación porosidad, permeabilidad …) realizados sobre probetas testigo extraídas de zonas sin daños y de zonas alteradas, y de los ensayos de diagnóstico (determinaciones de pH del extracto acuoso de las superficies degradadas, perfiles de sulfatos y cloruros a distintas profundidades, análisis microestructural por microscopía electrónica de barrido con EDX …) sobre testigos extraídos en zonas con daños. Los citados resultados evidencian que el severo deterioro superficial observado en los paramentos emergidos de los elementos del hormigón originalmente empleados en obra, así como de los morteros de reparación circunstancialmente aplicados, es compatible con la degradación producida por un ataque ácido de estos materiales fabricados con cemento portland. El agente agresivo causante del deterioro es el ácido sulfhídrico generado por los procesos de digestión bacteriana del tratamiento biológico de las aguas residuales.Finalmente se evalúan las limitaciones de la reglamentación vigente para el diseño de la durabilidad frente al ataque ácido en este tipo de estructuras, las causas del defectuoso comportamiento de las reparaciones previas efectuadas en alguna de las instalaciones objeto de estudio, y los requisitos recomendables para una correcta selección de los sistemas de reparación aplicables.
Nuevo puente sobre el río Paraguay en Asunción
Authors: Carrillo Alonso Luis , Ruiz-Ruano Álvarez Jaime B. , Marín Díaz Manuel J.
Published: January 2021

El Gobierno de Paraguay, en vistas del crecimiento de la ciudad y de la saturación del tráfico rodado sobre el único puente existente sobre el río Paraguay, ha decidido proyectar un nuevo cruce.

El cauce del río Paraguay cuenta con un ancho en época de estiaje de unos 700m, el cual puede aumentar en época de lluvias a unos 1500m, debiéndose además respetar un tramo central navegable de 150x30m. El volumen del tráfico a soportar implicaba disponer un tablero de 28’50m de ancho. Estos condicionantes planteaban la necesidad de una estructura que se dividía en tres tramos diferenciados: un primer tramo de acceso desde Asunción, el puente principal sobre el cauce navegable y un tramo de acceso desde la orilla opuesta a Asunción sobre la zona inundable del río.

En fases preliminares del estudio se analizaron alternativas para el vano principal: tableros sección cajón sencillo o dobles para ejecución por voladizos, celosías metálicas empujadas, tableros extradosados y puentes atirantados de pilono sencillo o doble.

Las alternativas que se juzgaron más adecuadas fueron el tablero en sección cajón con un vano principal de 180 m de luz y el puente atirantado de doble pilono y 260 m de luz.

La primera alternativa presentaba un esquema de luces de 90+180+90m. La sección adoptada consistía en un cajón con un núcleo de 10’60 m de ancho el cual se ampliaba hasta los 28’45m necesarios de plataforma mediante el uso de jabalcones. Los cantos previstos eran un mínimo de 4’00 m en centro del vano principal y de 9’00 m sobre las pilas intermedias.

La alternativa atirantada, finalmente seleccionada, se conformaba por un tablero de hormigón de canto constante de 2’45 m, suspendido de sus bordes mediante dos familias de cables en semiarpa que acometían contra un pilono en diamante con fuste central único.
Puente de Colonia-Mülheim sobre el Rin: equilibrio entre la conservación del patrimonio y las estrategias de renovación de estructuras existentes
Authors: Müller Michael , Eilzer Wolfgang , Rodriguez Rafael , Kratzke Bastian
Published: January 2021

Today the total length of the federal trunk highway roads in Germany is about 50,000 km being one of the densest traffic in whole Europe. Among these are approximately 40,000 bridges with a total area of 30 million. Square meters. Fifty percent of these bridges were built in the years between 1960 to 1980.

At that time these bridges were mainly designed according to German Standard DIN 1072 for bridge class SLW 60 (60 ton truck). Based on the traffic given at those times, no fatigue checks were required. This assumption seemed fair enough because the massive increase, especially in heavy traffic, could not have been anticipated. 

Since the mid-20th century until our days, the bridges over the river Rhine have set a milestone on the history of bridge engineering. Some contributions from the team led by Fritz Leonhardt and Wolfhart Andrä, such as the Cologne-Rodenkirchen suspension bridge, the series of steel bridges with continuous webs developed in the 60´s decade, the Düsseldorf cable stayed bridges family, the widenings and retrofitings of the 80´s decade, or the most recent contributions, encompass widely different typologies and periods and provide valuable learnings. Their preservation, retrofit or eventual replace if necessary, entail an important challenge for the present and future.

The starting point of such a strengthening or eventual replacement is always the assessment of the existing bridge under consideration of its actual condition, the prognosticated loads and requirements of future utilization. This assessment process and rating of existing structures was regulated by the German government in 2012 in the “Nachrechnungs”- guidelines. The result of such an assessment is the basis of any further decision about the future of a structure, whether it will be rehabilitated, retrofitted or replaced.

 

The presentation will focus on the experiences gained under the new guideline and the wide range of engineering services involved in such a rehabilitation planning, using the examples of the Suspension bridges over the River Rhine at Emmerich and Köln-Mühlheim, and will show the specific experience gained through these strengthening projects, but also a short overview about the new cable-stayed bridges in Leverkusen and Duisburg that are built under the premise to maintain traffic for 2 of the most importante highways in Germany.
Evaluación de sostenibilidad de diferentes materiales para elementos estructurales de cubiertas
Authors: Josa Irene , De la Fuente Albert , Pons Oriol , Aguado Antonio
Published: January 2021

Hoy en día, es creciente la importancia que debe darse a la consideración de aspectos de sostenibilidad en el desarrollo de proyectos de infraestructuras. Las distintas características de estos proyectos pueden influenciar el impacto final que tienen en la sostenibilidad global de la infraestructura. En concreto, la elección del material de construcción idóneo puede permitir mejorar notablemente la sostenibilidad de la estructura en términos tanto económicos, ambientales como sociales. Cabe destacar, además, que para poder tener en cuenta estas tres áreas es necesario utilizar modelos multi-criterio que den soporte a la toma de decisión de forma holística. Así pues, el principal objetivo de este artículo es proponer un modelo de evaluación de la sostenibilidad que se basa en la teoría multi-atributo para analizar la sostenibilidad de diferentes alternativas de materiales para miembros estructurales. En este artículo, el modelo desarrollado es utilizado para evaluar la sostenibilidad de distintas opciones diseñadas para cubiertas no accesibles de polideportivos.
LA La Catedral de La Laguna: Una obra pionera en el uso del hormigón armado en España, 1904-1913
Authors: Ventura Rod´ríguez Hugo Alberto , Mirallave Izquierdo Vicente , Flores Medina Nelson
Published: January 2021

En el año 1904 comienza el proceso para reconstruir la Catedral de La Laguna. La falta de arquitectoscon conocimientos de la técnica del cemento armado obligó al Cabildo Catedralicio a contratar a uningeniero militar. El teniente Rodrigo-Vallabriga a asume el reto de proyectar y coonstruir un templo en cemento armado, convirtiéndose en el pionero del hormigón en Canarias. La catedral se pudo hacer en un tiempo record, solo ocho años. La escasez de recubrimientos, una inadecuada puesta en obra y un incorrecto mantenimiento obligaron a su demolición al siglo de su construcción. Esta obra pionera abrió el camino al hormigón armado en Canarias.
Evaluación estructural de una Torre de Refrigeración y una Torre de Gasificación previamente y durante su demolición por detonación
Authors: Bueno Antonio , Ruiz Carmona Jacinto , Rey Juan Rey
Published: January 2021

La normativa actual determina los requisitos mínimos para la ejecución de nuevas estructuras o para la rehabilitación de las estructuras existentes, pero no indica de forma específica las bases de cálculo ante la ejecución de actuaciones previas y análisis de la demolición de estructuras de hormigón armado. En este artículo se presenta el análisis llevado a cabo para la evaluación de la repercusión de las actuaciones previas a la demolición y el modelado del proceso de caída de una Torre de Refrigeración y una Torre de Gasificación de dos edificaciones pertenecientes a una planta termoeléctrica del tipo Gasificación integrada en ciclo combinado.
Desempeño sísmico de muros delgados y esbeltos de concreto reforzado representativos de la construcción industrializada
Authors: Ortega Caraballo Roger , Torres Pedro , Marulanda Johannio , Thomson Peter , Areiza Gilberto
Published: January 2021

En países como Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela y Perú, entre otros, se ha masificado la construcción de edificios de muros de concreto reforzado (CR) como una de las principales alternativas para la generación de vivienda. Estos edificios se caracterizan por emplear espesores delgados de muros, entre 80 y 150 mm, y refuerzo de tipo electrosoldado, que se alejan de las condiciones del sistema convencional de muros de concreto, establecido en las normatividades internacionales, como el ACI-318. Este sistema estructural de muros delgados ha tenido un auge importante debido a reducción en el consumo de materiales y en el tiempo de ejecución, sin embargo, aún se desconoce su comportamiento ante un evento sísmico. Algunos estudios en muros delgados y esbeltos de CR han reportado una baja capacidad de rotación, fallas frágiles y pandeo fuera del plano. En este estudio se muestran los resultados de dos ensayos, uno monotónico y uno cíclico, en muros típicos de este tipo de construcción en Colombia, en zona de amenaza sísmica alta, y se analiza el comportamiento de este sistema constructivo. Las dimensiones de los muros son 100x1200x2400 mm (espesor, longitud y altura), el primer muro fue reforzado con acero dúctil, mientras que el segundo se reforzó con acero electrosoldado y se emplearon diferentes niveles de carga axial, para cada ensayo. La respuesta experimental confirmó que la capacidad de rotación fue moderada y la degradación de rigidez y el nivel de deterioro fueron altos para la demanda de desplazamiento.
Obesity is a strong independent risk factor for short-term mortality and adverse outcomes in Mexican patients with COVID-19: A national observational study
Authors: Vera-Zertuche Juan Mauricio , Mancilla-Galindo Javier , Tlalpa-Prisco Mariana , Aguilar-Alonso Patricia , Aguirre-García María MAgdalena , Segura-Badilla Orietta , Lazcano-Hernández Martín , Navarro-Cruz Addi Rhode , Kammar-García Ashuin , Vidal-Mayo José de Jesús
Published: January 2021

We aimed to study obesity alone or in combination with other comorbidities as a risk factor for short-term all-cause mortality and other adverse outcomes in Mexican patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19. We performed a retrospective observational analysis in a national cohort of 71,103 patients. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to determine risk of death, hospitalisation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, and admission to an intensive care unit, conferred by obesity and other comorbidities From February 24 to April 26, 2020, 71,103 patients were evaluated for suspected COVID-19; 15,529 (21.8%) had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2; 46,960 (66.1%), negative, and 8,614 (12.1%), pending results. Obesity alone increased adjusted mortality risk in positive patients (HR=2.37, 95%CI:1.96-2.86), but not in negative and pending-result patients. In conclusion, obesity is a strong independent risk factor for short-term mortality and critical illness in Mexican patients with COVID-19; risk increases when obesity is present with other comorbidities.
Applicability of Recombinant Laccases From the White-Rot Fungus Obba rivulosa for Mediator-Promoted Oxidation of Biorefinery Lignin at Low pH
Authors: Kontro Jussi , Maltari Riku , Mikkilä Joona , Kähkönen Mika , Mäkelä Miia R. , Hildén Kristiina , Nousiainen Paula , Sipilä Jussi
Published: January 2021

Utilization of lignin-rich side streams has been a focus of intensive studies recently. Combining biocatalytic methods with chemical treatments is a promising approach for sustainable modification of lignocellulosic waste streams. Laccases are catalysts in lignin biodegradation with proven applicability in industrial scale. Laccases directly oxidize lignin phenolic components, and their functional range can be expanded using low-molecular-weight compounds as mediators to include non-phenolic lignin structures. In this work, we studied in detail recombinant laccases from the selectively lignin-degrading white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa for their properties and evaluated their potential as industrial biocatalysts for the modification of wood lignin and lignin-like compounds. We screened and optimized various laccase mediator systems (LMSs) using lignin model compounds and applied the optimized reaction conditions to biorefinery-sourced technical lignin. In the presence of both N–OH-type and phenolic mediators, the O. rivulosa laccases were shown to selectively oxidize lignin in acidic reaction conditions, where a cosolvent is needed to enhance lignin solubility. In comparison to catalytic iron(III)–(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation systems, the syringyl-type lignin units were preferred in mediated biocatalytic oxidation systems.
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Adult Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases
Authors: Li Anqi , Gao Meng , Jiang Wenting , Qin Yuan , Gong Guohua
Published: January 2021

Mitochondria are the powerhouse organelles of cells; they participate in ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Thus, maintenance of mitochondrial function is critical for cellular functions. As highly dynamic organelles, the function of mitochondria is dynamically regulated by their fusion and fission in many cell types, which regulate mitochondrial morphology, number, distribution, metabolism, and biogenesis in cells. Mature rod-shaped cardiomyocytes contain thousands of end-to-end contacted spheroid mitochondria. The movement of mitochondria in these cells is limited, which hinders the impetus for research into mitochondrial dynamics in adult cardiomyocytes. In this review, we discuss the most recent progress in mitochondrial dynamics in mature (adult) cardiomyocytes and the relationship thereof with heart diseases.
Bisphenol B Exposure Disrupts Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation in vitro Through Affecting Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Alignment
Authors: Zhang Shou-Xin , Ding Zhi-Ming , Ahmad Muhammad Jamil , Wang Yong-Sheng , Duan Ze-Qun , Miao Yi-Liang , Xiong Jia-Jun , Huo Li-Jun
Published: January 2021

Bisphenol B (BPB), a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in the polycarbonate plastic and resins production. However, BPB proved to be not a safe alternative to BPA, and as an endocrine disruptor, it can harm the health of humans and animals. In the present study, we explored the effects of BPB on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation in vitro. We found that 150 μM of BPB significantly compromised the first polar body extrusion (PBE) and disrupted the cell cycle progression with meiotic arrest. The spindle assembly and chromosome alignment were disordered after BPB exposure, which was further demonstrated by the aberrant localization of p-MAPK. Also, BPB exposure increased the acetylation levels of α-tubulin. As a result, the spindle assemble checkpoint (SAC) was continuously provoked, contributing to meiotic arrest. We further demonstrated that BPB severely induced DNA damage, but the ROS and ATP production were not altered. Furthermore, the epigenetic modifications were changed after BPB exposure, as indicated by increased K3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels. Besides, the pattern of estrogen receptor α (ERα) dynamics was disrupted with a mass gathering on the spindle in BPB-exposed oocytes. Our collective results indicated that exposure to BPB compromised meiotic maturation and damaged oocyte quality by affecting spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, acetylation of α-tubulin, DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and ERα dynamics in mouse oocytes.
Fast Delayed Emission in New Pyridazine-Based Compounds
Authors: Krotkus Simonas , Matulaitis Tomas , Diesing Stefan , Copley Graeme , Archer Emily , Keum Changmin , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Gather Malte C. , Zysman-Colman Eli , Samuel Ifor D. W.
Published: January 2021

Three novel donor-acceptor molecules comprising the underexplored pyridazine (Pydz) acceptor moiety have been synthesized and their structural, electrochemical and photophysical properties thoroughly characterized. Combining Pydz with two phenoxazine donor units linked via a phenyl bridge in a meta configuration (dPXZMePydz) leads to high reverse intersystem crossing rate kRISC = 3.9 · 106 s−1 and fast thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with <500 ns delayed emission lifetime. Efficient triplet harvesting via the TADF mechanism is demonstrated in OLEDs using dPXZMePydz as the emitter but does not occur for compounds bearing weaker donor units.
Surface Plasmon Resonance as a Characterization Tool for Lipid Nanoparticles Used in Drug Delivery
Authors: Chain Cecilia Yamil , Daza Millone María Antonieta , Cisneros José Sebastián , Ramirez Eduardo Alejandro , Vela María Elena
Published: January 2021

The development of drug carriers based in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) aims toward the synthesis of non-toxic multifunctional nanovehicles that can bypass the immune system and allow specific site targeting, controlled release and complete degradation of the carrier components. Among label free techniques, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensing is a versatile tool to study LNPs in the field of nanotherapeutics research. SPR, widely used for the analysis of molecular interactions, is based on the immobilization of one of the interacting partners to the sensor surface, which can be easily achieved in the case of LNPs by hydrophobic attachment onto commercial lipid- capture sensor chips. In the last years SPR technology has emerged as an interesting strategy for studying molecular aspects of drug delivery that determines the efficacy of the nanotherapeutical such as LNPs' interactions with biological targets, with serum proteins and with tumor extracelullar matrix. Moreover, SPR has contributed to the obtention and characterization of LNPs, gathering information about the interplay between components of the formulations, their response to organic molecules and, more recently, the quantification and molecular characterization of exosomes. By the combination of available sensor platforms, assay quickness and straight forward platform adaptation for new carrier systems, SPR is becoming a high throughput technique for LNPs' characterization and analysis.
Sensitive Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for Quantitative Determination of Oxyfluorfen in Food and Environmental Samples
Authors: Sheng En Ze , Tan Yu Ting , Lu Yu Xiao , Xiao Yue , Li Zhen Xi
Published: January 2021

The direct and indirect competition time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays (dc-TRFIA, ic-TRFIA) were established by combining the autofluorescence properties of lanthanide europium (Eu) with the monoclonal antibody of oxyfluorfen. The purified Eu antibody was optimized and the conditions such as the working concentration of the Eu antibody, monoclonal antibody, and working buffer were optimized. In the optimal condition, the IC50 of dc-TRFIA was 10.27 ng/mL, the lowest detection limit IC10 was 0.071 ng/mL, the detection range (IC10-IC90) was 0.071–1074.3 ng/mL, and the detection range (IC10-IC90) and IC50 of ic-TRFIA were 0.024–504.6 and 2.76 ng/mL, respectively. The comparison showed that the sensitivity and detection limit of ic-TRFIA were superior to dc-TRFIA. The cross reaction (CR) tests showed that the CR with other oxyfluorfen structure analogs was <0.02%, except that there was a certain CR with the benzofluorfen (CR = 11.58) and the bifenox (CR = 8.23%). The average recoveries of ic-TRFIA were 74.6–108.3%, and the RSDs were between 2.1 and 10.9%, in the addition recovery test with five substrates. The results of the correlation test with the real samples of GC-ECD showed that they were highly correlated (y = 0.975x – 0.4446, R2 = 0.9901), which proved that the TRFIA method established in this study had high reliability and accuracy and could be used in environment and agricultural products for rapid detection of oxyfluorfen residues.
Prognostic Value of Total Bilirubin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiao , Wang Ying , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Sheng Zhaoxue , Li Jiannan , Zhou Jinying , Chen Runzhen , Chen Yi , Zhao Hanjun , Yan Hongbing
Published: January 2021

Background: Bilirubin, a natural product of heme catabolism, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and is inversely associated with stable coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between the bilirubin levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) remains unknown. This study aimed to establish a score model based on bilirubin for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and stratify patients to the level of care.

Methods and Results: Data of 4,151 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI were evaluated, and 3,708 cases were analyzed. The total bilirubin (TBil) levels were measured during admission, and the study population was divided into two groups. The high TBil group (n = 143) comprised patients who had a TBil level of ≥22 μmmol/L, and the low TBil group (n = 3,565) comprised patients who had a TBil level of <22 μmmol/L. The median follow-up period was 754 days (2.066 years). The MACE was significantly lower in the high TBil group than in the low TBil group (3.5% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, a significant association was noted between the TBil levels and adjusted risk of MACE (hazard ratio, 0.279; 95% confidence interval, 0.088–0.877; p = 0.029). A prediction score model composed of TBil, age, hypertension history, and other eight variables was developed, with scores ranging from 0 to 500. The scores categorized patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories. The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the medium- and high-risk groups for MACE, all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.030, and p = 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve of the TBil score was 0.768; this was significantly greater in the pairwise comparison with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score (p = 0.0012).

Conclusion: The new prediction score model based on TBil could be used in clinical practice to support risk stratification as recommended in the clinical guidelines.
Applying Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Estimation of Disease Incidence: The Utility of Language Models
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhao , Walecki Robert , Winter Joanne R. , Bragman Felix J. S. , Lourenco Sara , Hart Christopher , Baker Adam , Perov Yura , Johri Saurabh
Published: January 2021

Background:AI-driven digital health tools often rely on estimates of disease incidence or prevalence, but obtaining these estimates is costly and time-consuming. We explored the use of machine learning models that leverage contextual information about diseases from unstructured text, to estimate disease incidence.

Methods:We used a class of machine learning models, called language models, to extract contextual information relating to disease incidence. We evaluated three different language models: BioBERT, Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe), and the Universal Sentence Encoder (USE), as well as an approach which uses all jointly. The output of these models is a mathematical representation of the underlying data, known as “embeddings.” We used these to train neural network models to predict disease incidence. The neural networks were trained and validated using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, and tested using independent data sourced from the epidemiological literature.

Findings:A variety of language models can be used to encode contextual information of diseases. We found that, on average, BioBERT embeddings were the best for disease names across multiple tasks. In particular, BioBERT was the best performing model when predicting specific disease-country pairs, whilst a fusion model combining BioBERT, GloVe, and USE performed best on average when predicting disease incidence in unseen countries. We also found that GloVe embeddings performed better than BioBERT embeddings when applied to country names. However, we also noticed that the models were limited in view of predicting previously unseen diseases. Further limitations were also observed with substantial variations across age groups and notably lower performance for diseases that are highly dependent on location and climate.

Interpretation:We demonstrate that context-aware machine learning models can be used for estimating disease incidence. This method is quicker to implement than traditional epidemiological approaches. We therefore suggest it complements existing modeling efforts, where data is required more rapidly or at larger scale. This may particularly benefit AI-driven digital health products where the data will undergo further processing and a validated approximation of the disease incidence is adequate.
Automatic and Manual Fracture-Lineament Identification on Digital Surface Models as Methods for Collecting Fracture Data on Outcrops: Case Study on Fractured Granite Outcrops, Bangka
Authors: Nurshal Muhammad Edo Marshal , Sadewo Muhammad Suwongso , Hidayat Arif , Hamzah Wildan Nur , Sapiie Benyamin , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Rudyawan Alfend
Published: January 2021

Three-dimensional outcrop models, or Digital Surface Models (DSMs), have proved their capacity in many geoscience studies. Along with the advantage in the rapid acquisition, DSMs are capable of creating virtual models of fractured outcrops to be interpreted for further analysis. This paper reports the DSM robustness by comparing the result of fracture-lineament measurement using DSMs and discusses the possible causes of error that might occur. The first method applied in this study is the scanline method to collect fracture data directly from outcrops, measuring more than 1,400 fracture data. The second method is applying fully automatic and manual fracture identification by optimizing hill-shaded DSMs. Two well-exposed granite outcrops in Bangka, Indonesia, are designed for the pilot area. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is utilized to generate the DSMs, where a series of aerial images are captured using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The images are then processed into hill-shaded DSMs to be automatically analyzed following the algorithm in PCI Geomatics software and manually assessed. The textures of DSMs are also used in fracture identification through RGB filtering as the third method. The results show that the semiautomatic measurement using RGB-filtering texture has the closest pattern to the scanline data compared to the hill-shaded DSM method. The differences rely on several conditions, such as the geometry and texture of the outcrops. Eventually, methods of fracture identification using DSM are expected to be capable as options in preliminary fracture data collecting on outcrops, especially when the scanline is unable to be performed.
On the Influence of Kinetic Uncertainties on the Accuracy of Numerical Modeling of an Industrial Flameless Furnace Fired With NH3/H2 Blends: A Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Ferrarotti Marco , Bertolino Andrea , Amaduzzi Ruggero , Parente Alessandro
Published: January 2021

Ammonia/hydrogen-fueled combustion represents a very promising solution for the future energy scenario. This study aims to shed light and understand the behavior of ammonia/hydrogen blends under flameless conditions. A first-of-its-kind experimental campaign was conducted to test fuel flexibility for different ammonia/hydrogen blends in a flameless burner, varying the air injector and the equivalence ratio. NO emissions increased drastically after injecting a small amount of NH3 in pure hydrogen (10% by volume). An optimum trade-off between NOx emission and ammonia slip was found when working sufficiently close to stoichiometric conditions (ϕ = 0.95). In general, a larger air injector (ID25) reduces the emissions, especially at ϕ = 0.8. A well-stirred reactor network with exhaust recirculation was developed exchanging information with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, to model chemistry in diluted conditions. Such a simplified system was then used in two ways: 1) to explain the experimental trends of NOx emissions varying the ammonia molar fraction within the fuel blend and 2) to perform an uncertainty quantification study. A sensitivity study coupled with latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was used to evaluate the impact of kinetic uncertainties on NOx prediction in a well-stirred reactor network model. The influence of the identified uncertainties was then tested in more complex numerical models, such as Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of the furnace. The major over-predictions of existing kinetic scheme was then alleviated significantly, confirming the crucial role of detailed kinetic mechanisms for accurate predictive simulations of NH3/H2 mixtures in flameless regime.
Biotechnological Applications of Microalgal Oleaginous Compounds: Current Trends on Microalgal Bioprocessing of Products
Authors: Mutanda T. , Naidoo D. , Bwapwa J. K. , Anandraj A.
Published: January 2021

The microalgal biotechnology industry is expanding rapidly and currently gaining attention due to multiple availabilities of high-value products such as pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, nutraceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, and unique oleaginous compounds fractionated by biomass biorefinery. Microalgae are efficient primary producers in the terrestrial and marine biotopes. They are major sources of global oxygen and are gaining topical prominence due to their concomitant role in the phycoremediation of wastewater effluents and biomass production. Despite their minuscule size, microalgae critically contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon fixation and play a major role in bioenergy applications. Furthermore, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins are the main accessory light-harvesting complexes in microalgae and cyanobacteria. The topical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of microalgae include anticancer, antidiabetic, antiHIV, antimalarial, antimicrobial, inter alia. The endowment of unique indigenous microalgae and utilization of these biological resources must be harnessed by the biorefinery industry to exploit microalgal biomass opportunities. Therefore, this manuscript factually and critically explores the current status of the biorefinery approach, topical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, biofuel applications, genetic manipulation of microalgae for enhancement of product yield, challenges and presents prospects, pros and cons, and outlook of the microalgal biotechnology industry.