bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the Theory of Electronic Propinquity: Organizational Teleconferencing
Authors: Korzenny Felipe , Bauer Connie
Published: July 2017

The present article reports an experiment conducted in order to test the recently formulated “Theory of Electronic Propinquity.” In the original study, the author proposed a structural-functional approach to mediated communication in which perceived propinquity was considered to be the essential system trait for the continuation of the human communication system in organizations. Psychological propinquity was considered to affect the degree to which members of an organization experience communication satisfaction. A 3 times 2 experiment was conducted where the treatments were three business conference situations (face-to-face, video. and audio only) with two different levels of complexity of information in a problem-solving task. The results of the equation for perceived propinquity indicated that only perceived feedback was a significant contributor. The results of the equation for communication satisfaction indicated that perceived feedback, perceived level of communication rules, and psychological propinquity were significant contributors. The major finding of the study, was the importance of perceived feedback in accounting for variance in communication satisfaction. Psychological propinquity, however, was found to mediate the impact of perceived feedback on the communication satisfaction of the participants. Finally, the shortcomings of the experiment were discussed as well as the implications of the study for future research and theory-building efforts.
A Diagnostician's Primer on Functional Behavioral Assessment
Authors: Sutton Joe P. , Walker Steven C.
Published: July 2017

Developing effective interventions for students with challenging behaviors may require functional behavioral assessment (FBA), now mandated by IDEA '97. While the assistance of students, parents, and teachers is crucial, it is the educational diagnostician who likely will be responsible for orchestrating the tasks involved in conducting a proper FBA. It stands to reason that diagnosticians, as assessment professionals, must be thoroughly knowledgeable about FBA. This article synthesizes available information from the special education literature about FBAs, including the law and FBA, working definitions, basic assumptions underlying FBA, the role of the diagnostician, the role of special educators, the steps to conducting an FBA, the methods of FBA, and tools for the diagnostician.
The Irish Diaspora: Globalised Belonging(s)
Authors: Gray Breda
Published: July 2017

In this article, I consider some of the overlaps and distinctions between the uses of the term diaspora in social/cultural theory and its circulation in the specific socio-political site of the Republic of Ireland in the 1990s and early 2000s. I argue that diaspora can be seen both as mediating Irish national culture in an increasingly globalised world and as a reassuring site of cultural continuity. A number of sources are used to argue that discourses of the Irish diaspora are both complicit with agendas of global capital and potentially resistant to these. While the recent use of diaspora as a heuristic devise for rethinking contemporary belonging should not be embraced uncritically, this term opens up new spaces within which the often emotive politics of transnational and transgenerational affiliation and belonging can be addressed.
‘All the Olympians: A Thing Never Known Again’? Reflections on Irish Football Culture and the 1994 World Cup Finals
Authors: Giulianotti Richard
Published: July 2017

Utilising fieldwork with Irish fans, and interviews with leading Irish journalists and football officials, this article examines five major themes surrounding USA ‘94 for the Irish: i) the cultural and ethnic symbiosis of Ireland with the USA; ii) aspects of the political economics behind the United States’ allocation of the Finals; iii) the Irish supporters‘ culture of ‘carnivalesque’, and any internal changes involved; iv) the possible impacts of USA '94 on soccer culture in Ireland, particularly in playing style; v) the possible future inter-relations of soccer and Irish civil society.
(Re) Constructing Ulster Loyalism? Political Responses to the ‘Peace Process’
Authors: McAuley James White
Published: July 2017

This paper attempts to analyse and understand loyalist reactions to the ‘peace process’ in Northern Ireland since the summer of 1994. It highlights the strategically insecure position of the Unionist community and the variety of attempts which have been produced from within this community to respond to a changing political context - albeit on the basis of a political philosophy not free from internal contradictions. These attempts are based on re-statements of Unionist fundamentals; while there are indications of new forms of self-questioning within the Unionist community, particularly in its working class, these are vulnerable to etoliation by the dominant Unionist discourse.
Understanding the Contesting Ideologies of Family Business: Challenge for Leadership and Professional Services
Authors: Koiranen Matti
Published: July 2017

This paper examines how a family business system serves as the ideological arena of three cultural forces—entrepreneurialism, managerialism, and paternalism—that are, to a great extent, contesting ideologies based on different rationalities, or schools of thought. Furthermore, it reinforces the view that a family business system is the combination of three interacting subsystems (management, ownership, and family life)—a form of business that is challenging both for leaders and professional service providers. The approach of the study is conceptual and cultural. It bases its theoretical background on the developments of Johannisson and Huse (2000) and Tagiuri and Davis (1996). A summary of the key results appear in the synthesis of ideological tensions and are further developed in the suggested C3-model, emphasizing the need for balance among creation, caring, and control.
Acquiring a Family Firm: A Case Study
Authors: Mickelson Rachel E. , Worley Christopher
Published: July 2017

Several choices are available to family firms when intergenerational succession is not an option. One alternative is to explore merger and acquisition (M&A) opportunities. This paper addresses two research questions: (a) What are the key differences between typical M&As and those involving a family firm? and (b) What are the key success factors for the post-acquisition integration process, and what is the impact on this process when the acquired company is a family firm? Results from an acquired family firm case study suggest that these M&A processes differ along structure, motivation, and culture dimensions. The case study also suggests post-acquisition considerations for M&As involving family firms.
Diet and Exercise in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Kavula Michael P.
Published: July 2017

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) individuals can benefit from using current nutritional concepts to control their intake of carbohydrates, protein, fats, and other nutrients to aid in the control of blood glucose and lipid levels by building consistency of meal times and injections of insulin into their overall program. The NIDDM patient, on the other hand, will need a diet that offers appropriate calories to sustain daily activities, but also promote weight loss. Exercise has important physiological and psychological benefits for all individuals including diabetics. Exercise programs need to be designed for the individual's ability and used as adjunctive therapy to improve glucose control and reduce cardiovascular risk factors.
Pharmacotherapy of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Authors: Miyahara Randell K.
Published: July 2017

The use of sulfonylurea in conjunction with a diet and exercise regimen continues to be the primary treatment modality for obese type II diabetics in the United States. These agents work to lower plasma glucose by several proposed mechanisms. Pancreatic mechanisms of action improve efficiency of the islet beta cells, and extrapancreatic mechanisms of action increase peripheral insulin-receptor sensitivity. Sulfonylureas are extensively metabolized in the liver. Depending on the specific agent, renally excreted metabolites with hypoglycemic activity may be produced and pose a threat to patients with impaired renal function. Accumulation of these metabolites can result in hypoglycemia, a common adverse reaction seen with the sulfonylurea. Other adverse reactions and their prevalence, presentation, and treatment are also presented. Clinically significant drug interactions of the sulfonylurea are tabulated and discussed. Because the sulfonlyureas have equivalent efficacy to each other, proper agent selection must be based on the metabolism and excretion characteristics, adverse reaction potential, and concurrent drug profile of the patient for whom the sulfonylurea is being selected. In patients who have not achieved adequate blood glucose control, combination therapy is sometimes initiated. Sulfonylurea-sulfonylurea and various sulfonylurea-insulin regimens are discussed. The importance of diabetic patient education is reviewed, including some basic instructions pharmacists can give to diabetics. The investigation of other oral hypoglycemic agents continues. Information of selected agents undergoing clinical trials in the United States is also reviewed.
Strata, Blocks, Pieces, Spirals, Elastics and Verticals
Authors: Michon Pascal
Published: July 2017

In a genuine Nietzschean way, Michel Foucault always refused to develop a definitive theory of time and preferred to produce local and non-explicit theories, adapted to each one of the objects that he was studying. As much as being, time cannot be but interpreted and subjected to a multiplicity of perspectives. I tried to reconstruct these various conceptions of time following Foucault from book to book and situating his work among some of the great modern philosophical movements (historicism and phenomenology), but also according to the internal logic of his research.
Against Dead Time
Authors: Russell Conrad
Published: July 2017

This article connects Virilio's critique of speed with Surrealist and Situationist writings attacking the homogeneous time of the commodity, which themselves echo Benjamin and Bergson. I suggest here that these authors can all be seen as taking a Romantic stance against the perceived reification and abstraction inherent in modernity and its dominant time. Further, they share a concern with interrupting modernity's homogeneous time, to usher in more authentic forms of duration. I suggest, however, that the displacement of Newtonian time by other times, increasingly homogeneous and abstract, but constituted precisely by interruption, poses a problem for this strategy.
‘Do androids dream of electric sheep?’ Isomorphic relations in reading science fiction
Authors: Stockwell Peter
Published: July 2017

A principle of isomorphism is identified as a feature of the reception of texts in the reading process. Principally a mapping of elements or domains, this can be seen to underlie the textual features of explicit surface metaphors, implied metaphors, metaphoric readings of texts, perceived co-operation and coherence. The latter two levels are less obvious examples of isomorphic phenomena, and a model is adapted and developed to explain the pattern-matching involved in resolving meaning from a reading of a text. This resolution of meaning is seen as an effortful activity on the part of the reader, which is balanced against the likely pay-off in terms of satisfaction gained from the reading. The theoretical perspective of reader reception is supported by practical reader-response experiments on science fictional texts. The results of these are reported in terms of the isomorphic procedures already outlined. It is observed that the characteristics of readers determine readings as much as the characteristics of texts.
Deixis and the poetic persona
Authors: Green Keith
Published: July 2017

This article examines the function of deixis in a specific literary genre, the lyric poem. In the opening sections, an attempt to define deixis is made and a methodology for analysis for texts in general is proposed. Deixis is seen as a fundamental element of human discourse, and a particular discoursal site is isolated where it can be seen operating in a particular way. Theoretical considerations, such as the relation of deixis to semantics and pragmatics, and the various types of deictic meaning, are discussed, and a cline of deictic activity, a point on which any text must function, is described. A possible taxonomy of deictic elements and terms follows, which modifies and builds on previous attempts by linguists such as Levinson (1983). The relation between these elements and terms, and the lyric poem, is then discussed.

The final part of the article is an analysis of two poems, Henry Vaughan's ‘The retreate’ and Wordsworth's ‘Nutting’. The deixis occurring in the poems is examined in the light of the theories previously discussed.
Intertextuality as parallelism in two South African poems
Authors: Biermann Ina
Published: July 2017

This article attempts a refinement of the notion of foregrounding as it functions in poetic language through sound repetition. Phonic foregrounding is viewed not only from the vantage point of the organisation of the individual text, or the oeuvre of a particular poet, as foregrounded against the background of the ordinary usage of sound in everyday speech, but also from the point of view that the text is part of a larger literary and social discourse. In analysing and interpreting the functional organisation of sound in two Afrikaans poems, principles for the study of intertextuality put forward by van Peer (1987) are examined and revised to include phonic foregrounding as a potential factor in establishing intertextual relationships.
Silencing of long non-coding RNA CCAT2 depressed malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Ma Yuji , Hu Xuanhao , Shang Chao , Zhong Ming , Guo Yan
Published: July 2017

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common and lethal malignancy affecting the head and neck region. CCAT2 (colon cancer–associated transcript 2) gene is affiliated with long non-coding RNAs, which are often found to have important regulatory roles in cancers. This study aims to assess the expression and clinical significance of CCAT2 gene, identify its malignant biological behaviors, and explore the possible mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma. CCAT2 expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and its relationship with clinical factors was assayed using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. The biological behaviors of CCAT2 and its potential mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma were explored by the combined use of CCAT2 knockdown technology and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist lithium chloride (LiCl). Our results showed that CCAT2 functioning as a potential oncogene was upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. CCAT2 with high expression level was correlated with poor differentiation, higher T stage, and clinical stage, which made CCAT2 to be a prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. LiCl-activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could partly restore the CCAT2-mediated malignant biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by suppressing β-catenin, CCND1, and MYC and activating glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta expression. These findings might assist in the discovery of novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma, thereby improve the effects of clinical treatment in patients.
Biomedical optical spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms
Authors: Wan Qin-Si , Wang Ting , Zhang Kun-He
Published: July 2017

Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop non-invasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
Bridges over Troubled Waters
Authors: Bergan Sjur , Divis Jindra , Rauhvargers Andrejs
Published: July 2017

The Bologna Process provides the key policy framework for the reform of higher education in Europe. Facilitating the recognition of qualifications is an important element of this process, to allow citizens to transfer their qualifications from one education system to another. In this sense, recognition can be compared to a bridge, the purpose of which is to allow persons to cross the divide between various education systems without losing their “luggage” (i.e. the value of their qualifications) on the way through unreasonable “customs tariffs” (i.e. recognition requirements). The article reviews achievements in the recognition of qualifications and formulates 10 hypotheses concerning issues that still need to be resolved. These are intended to stimulate debate within the Bologna Process. The hypotheses deal with such issues as the state and further development of the legal framework, the development of education programs not anchored in a national system, the importance of information, and the assessment of learning outcomes and competencies.
Realizing Global Education: An Immodest Proposal
Authors: Bowen Roger W.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper, first presented at the annual meeting of the Council of International Educational Exchange (CIEE) is modest: to facilitate a dialogue between experts in International Education that addresses the question: “How can we help students and faculty to become international citizens?” But my long term goal is embarrassingly immodest: to propose that America's higher education community unite to press for a national policy that would emulate the European Community's ERASMUS program. ERASMUS should serve as the prototype for a U.S. government program that is genuinely global in scope.
Effectiveness of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approaches for Employment of People with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Bond Gary R. , Drake Robert E. , Becker Deborah R. , Mueser Kim T.
Published: July 2017

The authors review studies of (a) traditional psychiatric rehabilitation (including clubhouse programs and approaches offering an array of employment options) and (b) supported employment approaches for helping people with severe mental illness gain and maintain competitive employment. Based on the results of this review, the authors conclude that the effectiveness of traditional psychiatric rehabilitation in helping people gain competitive employment cannot be conclusively determined at this point. On the other hand, research on the effectiveness of supported employment was consistently positive. The authors recommend that further research be conducted on model definition, intermediate vocational options, interaction between client characteristics and program models, and long-term outcomes.
Severe Mental Illness and the Continuing Evolution of the Federal-State Vocational Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Conley Ronald W.
Published: July 2017

This article assesses the accuracy and realism of some of the analyses that led to the despairing conclusions and radical recommendations contained in the report A Legacy of Failure: The Inability of the Federal-State Rehabilitation Program to Serve People with Severe Mental Illness, also known as the NAMI report. The author briefly summarizes the main points of the NAMI report and then provides an overview of the federal-state vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, including (a) major changes occurring in the program and how they affect persons with severe mental illness; (b) the forces that promote continued improvements in the program, including improvements in services for persons with severe mental illness; and (c) the extent to which the VR program is providing services to persons with mental illness. He also discusses the problems that may impede needed changes in the VR program in order to better serve persons with mental illness and presents suggestions for improving services to persons with mental illness that are less dramatic than those proposed in the NAMI report.
Sudden Death in Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis
Authors: Piette M. , Timperman J.
Published: July 2017

A rare case of idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis fatally affecting a middle-aged woman is presented.

The circumstances of the fulminant and unexpected death were witnessed and reported by a relative.

The confusing aspects of the ‘Fiedler's myocarditis’, the relation with more common forms of viral myocarditis and finally the medico-legal importance in the context of the sudden and natural death are mentioned.
Changes in the Use of the Mental Health Act 1983 Four Years from its Inception in Leeds Eastern Health Authority
Authors: Mortimer A. M.
Published: July 2017

The origins of recent mental health legislation are briefly reviewed. Practices in the spirit rather than the letter of the 1983 Act are compared by studying one hundred periods of detention at its inception and another hundred four years later. There had been little change, and improvement only in rates of use of emergency powers and very short Section 2s.
Use of Guardianship under the 1983 Mental Health Act
Authors: Wattis John P , Grant William , Traynor James , Harris Stephen
Published: July 2017

The powers of guardianship under the 1983 Mental Health Act confer on the guardian powers to require the patient to reside in a specified place, to require attendance for treatment and to require access to the patient for appropriate health and social services personnel. This paper presents a descriptive study and analysis of the use of guardianship over a 5-year period in four geographical areas. Cases were collected retrospectively from a variety of sources and scrutinized systematically. Three cases of guardianship for mental impairment were excluded from the analysis leaving 23 patients with mental illness. All but two of the patients were female. Older patients, mostly with dementia, accounted for three-quarters of the sample and the majority of orders in this group were to require residence in an old people's home (usually with an apparently good outcome), though three were intended to facilitate home care. In most of the younger patients a functional psychiatric illness was diagnosed and powers were used to maintain the patient at home. The absence of a specific ‘power to convey’ needs to be resolved for elderly patients needing residential care. The use of guardianship orders to maintain older patients in the community needs further exploration.
A Fatality Due to the Use of Cantharides from Mylabris Phalerata as an Abortifacient
Authors: Kok-Choi Cheng , Hee-Ming Lee , Bobby Shum S.F. , David Yip C.P.
Published: July 2017

A fatal case of attempting to procure abortion by the ingestion of the crude extract of cantharides from over 200 dried Mylabris phalerata is presented. The quantification of catharidin in blood, urine and liver by gas chromatography using trichloroacetic acid in the extraction process and butobarbitone as the internal standard is described. Ante- and post-mortem blood levels were found to be 0.27 and 0.11 μg/ml respectively. To conclude, the lack of legislative control in Hong Kong over Chinese herbal medicines is highlighted.
Drawing on Memory: Exploring the Expertise of a Police Artist
Authors: Davies Graham , Little Melissa
Published: July 2017

The use by the police of artists to draw likenesses of suspects is on the increase, yet there are few studies of their professional prowess. In the current study, art students observed one of six target faces before either drawing a likeness of the person themselves or collaborating with an experienced police artist. The likenesses produced by the police artist were judged as consistently superior to those made by the students, despite the artist working indirectly from the witnesses' verbal directions. Instructions to judge the target face in terms of likely character and personality led to better drawings than instruction to examine physical features when students worked with the artist but not when they drew on their own. These findings are discussed in terms of police practice and face processing theory.
Implications for Home Health and Hospice Care under the New Prospective Payment System
Authors: Carpenter-Mason Beverly
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of new federal regulations on home health care. Because the primary changes focus on payment method, aspects of the effect of the prospective payment system (PPS) on home health care patients and providers are explored. The historical background and contemporary rationale for reform are offered, and the issues of quality and ethics are addressed. The article concludes with thoughts on the importance of maintaining the integrity of Medicare/Medicaid programs and a challenge to the idea that a dichotomy exists between cost containment and high quality in health care. With full cooperation and commitment by all involved parties, a balance can be struck in which higher-quality care is provided in a cost-effective manner.
Text Watch
Authors: Strange John
Published: July 2017

Text Watch will henceforth appear in every issue of BJMT, so as to provide a more up-to-date picture of writing in the field. Its scope is, however, changing. Its purpose is still to alert readers to material they may find of interest in books and journals, but included in the latter are now those English-language music therapy journals not available online, formerly covered by BJMT's Journal Watch. Articles of less than three pages are omitted, as are book reviews regardless of length. Items are arranged alphabetically by first author. Abstracts can be supplied by the compiler for the majority of articles. The URLs of online music therapy journals are given below.

Readers are reminded that by notifying the compiler of their own publications in good time these may be included in BJMT in advance of their appearance in databases.
Health care professionals and women speaking: constraints in everyday life and the management of chronic illness
Authors: Anderson Joan M. , Dyck Isabel , Lynam Judith
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we draw upon research with women in middle and later life who have a chronic illness to explore the issues in their everyday lives that organize the management of their illness. Our analysis aims to show the complex interweaving of relations that constrain the women's management of illness, even when they use creative and innovative approaches to managing their illness. The constraints women experience cannot be adequately explained solely by their interactions with health professionals, by their culture or through a single focus on gender relations. We discuss the implications of our interpretation for the practice of health professionals.
Older adults' bodily changes and physician contact
Authors: Haug Marie R. , Morris Diana , Musil Carol , Warner Camille
Published: July 2017

The question of what motivates elders to seek medical advice is explored among a random sample of 467 persons aged 65 and over living in Ohio, USA. The effect of physical and psychological variables on an initial physician visit was analysed for particular bodily changes the subjects had experienced. Unlike the situation in many other utilization studies, these specific complaints could be identified as leading to physician contact in a causal sequence. Multiple regression revealed limited effects of self-assessed health, body awareness, depression and anxiety on the decision to consult a physician, but significant effect of the perceived seriousness of the complaint. The findings cast doubt on the utility of self-assessed health and psychological distress as predictors of physician use in major archival studies. This research is unique among utilization studies in that it provides a cross-sectional opportunity to explain a health behavior prospectively in the presence of a specific prior health problem.
Narcissism and the potential for selftransformation in the Twelve Steps
Authors: Turnbull Liz
Published: July 2017

Alcoholism and its legacies of dis-ease can be understood psychoanalytically in terms of disturbed or pathological narcissism. The Twelve Steps programme of recovery provides the fragile self with the conditions for a ritualized rebirth through offering a community based on relations of reciprocity and a spiritual relationship to the Other. The holding environment of the group and the paradox at the heart of the relation to the Other are potent therapeutic elements. The Twelve Steps is an innovatory ethical practice of self-care drawing on a varied lineage of traditional philosophies and religions. In a philosophical anthropology, this innovation is an antidote to the estrangement and nihilism experienced by many in contemporary life. The interdisciplinary analysis uses the experience of participation in the Twelve Steps and examines the first three of the Twelve Steps as a way of exploring the connections between ethics, well-being and the social conditions of self-transformation.
(Con)textualizing Toxic Shock Syndrome: selected media representations of the emergence of a health phenomenon 1979–1995
Authors: Cheek Julianne
Published: July 2017

Societal understandings of health risk, and attitudes towards health and illness, are influenced and shaped by the ways in which print-based media, including popular magazines, represent health issues. The study reported here explores the way in which a relatively new health phenomenon, Toxic Shock Syndrome, has been represented in selected articles in Australian print-based media between 1979 and 1995. By exploring the discourses framing the discussion in these articles, changing and different representations of Toxic Shock Syndrome and related women's health issues and risks are uncovered.
HIV, empowerment and the sick role: an investigation of a contemporary moral maze
Authors: Crossley Nick , Crossley Michele L.
Published: July 2017

Through examination of a number of interview transcripts conducted with individuals living relatively long-term with an HIV-positive diagnosis, this paper explores the implicitly morally loaded dimension of the interview situation. In particular, we are concerned with the way in which a specific sample of HIV-positive individuals orient both to ‘the sick role’ and to an ‘empowerment discourse’ which challenges that role, and how they negotiate the contradictory and morally problematic situation that this places them in. It is argued that the moral dilemmas encountered, oriented to and accounted for by the HIV-positive individual in the interview situation cannot be reduced to issues of individual morality but must be understood in terms of the ill-defined social space occupied by HIV-positive individuals in contemporary society.
Suffering, hope and diagnosis: on the negotiation of chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: HydÈn Lars-Christer , Sachs Lisbeth
Published: July 2017

The medical interview has a central place in the transformation of suffering into disease. The focus in this article is on patients with suspected chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Central to the diagnosis of CFS is the absence of a clear medical pathology causing symptoms. To patients it is of central importance to present themselves in the medical interview in a way that makes a diagnosis of CFS possible, which provides both hope for a cure and a social legitimization of their suffering. To doctors it is important that they maintain their position as a medical authority and gatekeeper. This means that in a medical examination the doctor and the patient together must explore the patient's suffering to define symptoms enabling a diagnosis of CFS. The central issue in this article is how doctors and patients in medical interviews negotiate symptoms and diagnostic criteria in search of a legitimate diagnosis and illness, and how this constitutes the central concern in the patient's and doctor's collaborative diagnosis work in the medical encounter.
Mainstream approaches to mental health and illness: an emphasis on individuals and a de-emphasis of inequalities
Authors: Horsfall Jan
Published: July 2017

This theoretical paper argues that structured class, ethnicity and gender factors systematically contribute to people's vulnerability to experiencing a psychiatric disorder. In their denial of group-based contributions to psychiatric problems, mainstream psychiatric disciplines focus on the disturbed individual. It argues that the concept of individualism is a crucial modern European epistemological assumption which underpins definitions of normality and abnormality. An investigation of contemporary mainstream mental health texts reveals their trenchant individualism and the marginalization of life circumstances arising from class, ethnicity and gender relations with regard to assessing, and working with, people with psychiatric difficulties.

The paper argues that modern non-ideal human qualities are associated with the social ‘other’. Middle class, Eurocentric and patriarchal assumptions increase the likelihood that people outside these categories are more likely to receive psychiatric diagnoses. Consequently the discipline of psychiatry constructs the notion of the mad ‘other’. Mainstream mental health nursing, clinical psychology and health psychology support medical psychiatry in individualizing and psychologizing the difficulties experienced by consumers of psychiatric services.
The health policy community and health-care reform in the US
Authors: Patel Kant , Rushefsky Mark E.
Published: July 2017

The failure of comprehensive health-care reform during the Clinton administration (1993–4), has been attributed to many causes: structural features of the American political system, congressional gridlock, interest group opposition, President Clinton and his administration, even the ‘system’ itself. This article proposes an additional perspective: the views of the health policy community. Based on the work of Kingdon, Heclo and Walker, we suggest that fragmentation within the health policy community, particularly over policy solutions, was a contributing factor in the failure of healthcare reform. Our survey of health policy elites found that there was substantial agreement on problems of the health-care system coupled with substantial disagreement, based largely on ideology, about what to do about those problems. We also compared health policy elite views with those of the public. We found that, for the most part, the public and the elites disagreed on problems; however, they agreed on incremental changes, some of which were later enacted into law.
Societies Learn and yet the World is Hard to Change
Authors: Eder Klaus
Published: July 2017

Evolution and learning are two analytically distinct concepts. People learn yet evolution (`change') does not necessarily take place. To clarify this problem the concept of learning is explicated. The first problem addressed is the question of who is learning. Here a shift from the single actor perspective to an interaction perspective is proposed (using Habermas and Luhmann as theoretical arguments for such a shift). Both, however, idealize the preconditions that interactants share while learning collectively. Against rationalist assumptions it is argued that in order to learn people need a narratively based shared world. What do they learn? They acquire knowledge and they learn how to learn. This still does not solve the problem why they learn. Learning, it is argued, does not guarantee evolution but provides the mutations for evolutionary processes to take place.
Flutter performance and aerodynamic mechanism of plate with central stabilizer at large angles of attack
Authors: Tang Haojun , Li Yongle , Shum KM
Published: July 2017

To analyze the effects of a central stabilizer on the flutter performance at large angles of attack, this study takes the ideal plate as a section of a bridge deck. The aerodynamic characteristics of stationary cross sections are examined using computational fluid dynamics simulations, and the flutter derivatives are extracted by forced vibration. The critical flutter speed of a target bridge is then calculated, and the aerodynamic mechanism of the central stabilizer is discussed from the work done by aerodynamic forces’ perspective. The results show that use of a central stabilizer with lower heights favors flutter stability at smaller angles of attack by improving the participation level of heaving motion, but the stability of the systematic heaving motion will decrease if the stabilizer is too high, leading to galloping. At larger angles of attack, where the movement of a big vortex causes the occurrence of torsional flutter, the stabilizer can hinder the movement of the vortex if they are on the same side, and the critical flutter speed increases with the increase in stabilizer height.
Reflective Practice for Psychology Students: The Use of Reflective Journal Feedback in Higher Education
Authors: Bruno Andreina , Dell’Aversana Giuseppina
Published: July 2017

Reflective journals have emerged as an effective means of monitoring and developing reflective practice in higher education, as part of a wider metacognitive strategy to transform traditional learning approaches. In addition, assessment procedures of reflective journals appear to be an important factor in enhancing commitment to learning and reflection.

This paper explores the effects of the use of journal writing and formative feedback on the quality of reflective practice, by presenting a case study of reflective learning in a master’s degree program in the North of Italy, in 2014/2015.

The article contributes to the current debate about the effectiveness of one-to-one writing tuition by analyzing student writing through qualitative analysis and quantitative trend assessment. In particular, it provides evidence on formative feedback efficacy in developing the quality of reflective practice. Unlike much of the research into writing support, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of feedback use not only by measuring student perceptions of effectiveness or level of satisfaction, but also by assessing the development of reflective practices.
Empirically Founded Teaching in Psychology – An Example for the Combination of Evidence-based Teaching and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Boser Julia , Scherer Sonja , Kuchta Kathrin , Wenzel S. Franziska C. , Horz Holger
Published: July 2017

To improve teaching in higher education, teachers in psychology are encouraged to use evidence-based teaching, that is, to apply empirical findings regarding learning and teaching, when designing learning opportunities. This report illustrates the combination of evidence-based teaching and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in teaching psychology and describes the implementation of an innovative module for first-year students in the undergraduate psychology program at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, as an example. A detailed description of the teaching formats is provided with a focus on evidence-based teaching techniques, which were implemented in the first semester of the module, specifically feedback, testing effects, and spaced learning. Furthermore, evaluation data concerning the students’ perceptions and objective assessments are presented as an example of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. For example, students significantly acquired knowledge during web-based training, but the learning outcomes are independent of their pretest knowledge, suggesting that this teaching format may contribute to the reduction of heterogeneity among first-year students. Possible implications for future modifications of the module are discussed and general recommendations are offered to teachers of psychology regarding the implementation of a combination of evidence-based teaching and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning to promote empirically founded teaching.
Fluency Shaping With Young Stutterers
Authors: Guitar Barry
Published: July 2017

This article presents the steps to be used in teaching a child to use slow, normal sounding, fluent speech in place of stuttering. Case selection, reward system, and arrangement of a hierarchy are discussed. Procedures for transferring and maintaining fluency are suggested.
Coping with Attitudes and Beliefs about Stuttering
Authors: Williams Dean E.
Published: July 2017

A child's viewpoint about communication—about talking, and especially about his role as a talker—comes about not only because of the ways he talks, but particularly because of the reactions of others to him. First, I discuss what the clinician can do to deal with the child's important listeners. Secondly, I present an approach by which the clinician can help the child develop a realistic attitude about talking.
Hispanic Father-Child Sociocultural Literacy Practices
Authors: Saracho Olivia N.
Published: July 2017

Recent research and policy initiatives have focused on the roles of Hispanic fathers in their children's literacy development. Research indicated that fathers are able to motivate children to acquire, develop, and use literacy; learn new roles to enhance their children's literacy development; participate in literacy activities; and influence their children's literacy learning. Fathers have become resources and meaning makers within the family and community environments. Recommendations for researchers and educators are provided.
Models of Leadership Institutes for Increasing the Number of Top Latino Administrators in Higher Education
Authors: León David J. , Nevarez Carlos
Published: July 2017

The percentage of Latinos in top university administration lags far behind that in the nation overall. How can we increase their numbers? One answer is leadership institutes. This article examines these institutes in general and those addressing minorities in particular, with an eye to presenting models that may aid future Latino leadership institutes. It explains the need for these programs and describes four long-established institutes and four more addressing minorities.

Resumen: El porcentaje de latinos en puestos de administración universitaria altos es muy bajo comparado nacionalmente. ¿Cómo podemos incrementar sus números? Una respuesta es con institutos de liderazgo. Este artículo examina dichos institutos en general y aquellos que se ocupan de minorías en particular; además presenta modelos que pueden ayudar futuros institutos de liderazgo latino. Este artículo explica la necesidad de estos programas y describe cuatro institutos bien establecidos y cuatro más que se ocupan de minorías.
Membership—Privilege and Obligation
Authors: Knox J. Mason
Published: July 2017

This article was prepared by Edna Watson, R.N., 2nd Vice President of the AAIN, for delivery at the organizational meeting of the Missouri Association of Industrial Nurses, held October 15, 1961. Mrs. Watson was unable to attend the meeting and the paper was presented by Helen M. Coates, R.N., of the AAIN Board of Directors.
Values Affirmation Intervention Reduces Achievement Gap between Underrepresented Minority and White Students in Introductory Biology Classes
Authors: Jordt Hannah , Eddy Sarah L. , Brazil Riley , Lau Ignatius , Mann Chelsea , Brownell Sara E. , King Katherine , Freeman Scott
Published: July 2017

Achievement gaps between underrepresented minority (URM) students and their white peers in college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics classrooms are persistent across many white-majority institutions of higher education. Attempts to reduce this phenomenon of underperformance through increasing classroom structure via active learning have been partially successful. In this study, we address the hypothesis that the achievement gap between white and URM students in an undergraduate biology course has a psychological and emotional component arising from stereotype threat. Specifically, we introduced a values affirmation exercise that counters stereotype threat by reinforcing a student’s feelings of integrity and self-worth in three iterations of an intensive active-learning college biology course. On average, this exercise reduced the achievement gap between URM and white students who entered the course with the same incoming grade point average. This result suggests that achievement gaps resulting from the underperformance of URM students could be mitigated by providing students with a learning environment that removes psychological and emotional impediments of performance through short psychosocial interventions.
Pdgfrα functions in endothelial-derived cells to regulate neural crest cells and development of the great arteries
Authors: Aghajanian Haig , Cho Young Kuk , Rizer Nicholas W. , Wang Qiaohong , Li Li , Degenhardt Karl , Jain Rajan
Published: July 2017

Originating as a single vessel emerging from the embryonic heart, the truncus arteriosus must septate and remodel into the aorta and pulmonary artery to support postnatal life. Defective remodeling or septation leads to abnormalities collectively known as conotruncal defects, which are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Multiple populations of cells must interact to coordinate outflow tract remodeling, and cardiac neural crest has emerged as particularly important during this process. Abnormalities in cardiac neural crest have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple conotruncal defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus, double outlet right ventricle, and tetralogy of Fallot. However, the role of neural crest in the pathogenesis of another conotruncal abnormality, transposition of the great arteries, is less well understood. In this report, we demonstrate an unexpected role of Pdgfra in endothelial cells and their derivatives during outflow tract development. Loss of Pdgfra in endothelium and endothelial derived cells results in double outlet right ventricle and transposition of the great arteries. Our data suggest that loss of Pdgfra in endothelial-derived mesenchyme in the outflow tract endocardial cushions leads to a secondary defect in neural crest migration during development.