bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natal soil consumption shifts gut microbiome in captive kiwi (Apteryx rowi)
Authors: Rowe Stephen P. , Stott Matthew B. , Brett Bethany , Juan Priscilla A. San , Podolyan Anastasija , Dhami Manpreet K.
Published: December 2024

Background
Captive-rearing programmes for endangered birds, such as those in place for kiwi conservation in Aotearoa-New Zealand, can unintentionally deprive the birds access to a microbially-diverse and 'natural' developmental environment i.e., their natal rohe (territory). These programmes introduce external variables such as increased exposure to diseases, unnatural and incomplete diets, antimicrobial usage, and artificial cohabited environments, which have the potential to impact rearing success outcomes. In this research, we investigated whether the introduction of natal soils, as a direct probiotic and a source of wild microorganisms, to the captive-reared ground-foraging Ōkārito kiwi (Apteryx rowi) chick diet would impact their gut microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing to identify the key taxonomic groups present, we assess the community composition differences with the introduction of natal soils into the diet of captive-reared Ōkārito kiwi.
Results
Results showed a distinct gut microbial community associated with Ōkārito kiwi in captivity. Bacterial diversity in Ōkārito kiwi gut increased with age, with the relative abundances of dominant taxonomic groups changing over time. Bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteriaand Actinobacteria, and the fungal orders Malasseziales and Trichosporon dominated the gut community. Exposure to natal Ōkārito soils influenced the composition of the gut microbiome in Ōkārito kiwi, especially on the temporal trends of key bacterial taxa. Kiwi with natal-soil-amended diets harboured an increased proportion of Firmicutes and Malasseziales compared to the ‘Control’ group. The fungal community in the Ōkārito kiwi gut was more transitory, changing rapidly following soil. No significant changes to growth rates or overall health were found between ‘Control’ and ‘Treatment’ groups.
Conclusions
The findings of this study represent the first description of the gut microbiome of the critically endangered Ōkārito kiwi, Apteryx rowi, and the first documented use of natal soil as a probiotic amendment for wild birds. Results show that mediation of the gut microbial communities of captive-reared ground-foraging birds can be achieved through the introduction of natal soils in their diet.
The Role of Technological Factors in Ensuring the Artificial Intelligence Transparency in the World Economic Relations Development of the Russian Federation in the Context of Globalization
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Kurushina Elena M. , Kurushin Dmitry A. ,   Composite AI Group, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of a number of issues related to the study of the role of technological factors in ensuring the artificial intelligence transparency in the world economic relations development of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization. In the article, ensuring the artificial intelligence transparency is due to the contradiction of the legislative system and the international integration of the Russian Federation with other countries. The object of the study is multilateral and diverse cooperation between Russia and international organizations in the field of solving problems of the artificial intelligence technologies’ development and implementation. The subject of the study is the relationships, developing in Russia in connection with the international trade development, using modern artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop the Russian economy in the world economic system, based on the use of technological factors to ensure the artificial intelligence transparency. The purpose of the study is to determine the AI transparency as a characteristic of the international economic system development, as well as to study various properties of ensuring this transparency. The methodology of theoretical literature review and observation is considered. Regulatory documents, statistical materials, and targeted programs for the artificial intelligence development in the Russian Federation are analyzed. The research results are as follows: the role of technological factors in ensuring the artificial intelligence transparency in the world economic relations development of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization has been identified. In particular, AI transparency as a property of the international economic system and AI transparency as a property of the understandability of the international integration economic processes algorithm are considered. Thus, tools for the world economic processes development in the Russian Federation based on the creation of a transparent artificial intelligence system promote cooperation in the transfer of knowledge and technology, integration cooperation, improvement of the international economic, organizations activities, and growth in labor productivity.
Analyzing of the Lean Production Mechanism Sustainability in the Design of a Production System under Conditions of Uncertainty
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Malyshev Evgeniy A. , Serov Ilya A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2024

In conditions of high uncertainty in international markets and complex supply chains, manufacturing companies face the need to integrate resilience into their systems to counter disruptions caused by external and internal factors such as pandemics and climate crisis. The object of the study is manufacturing systems vulnerable to these factors, and the aim is to develop an approach to designing systems that combines the principles of lean manufacturing and resilience. The main tasks include analyzing existing approaches to designing production systems, identifying key principles of lean manufacturing to ensure resilience, and developing recommendations for its integration. The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review and data analysis to identify gaps and directions for further research. Methods used include comparative analysis and data synthesis based on a systems approach to production management. The results show that lean manufacturing, aimed at optimizing processes and eliminating waste has significant potential for integrating resilience. The proposed approach contributes to the creation of flexible and resilient production systems capable of effectively responding to disruptions.
On the Peculiarities of the Formation and Application of a Risk-Based Approach in State Supervision in the Field of Circulation of Medicines for Veterinary Use
Authors:   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Donetsk, Donetsk Public Republic,  Russia, Paltsun Irina N. , Vaschenko Lina A. ,   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Donetsk, Donetsk Public Republic,  Russia
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the Russian Federation has carried out large-scale work to form a “new” model of state control and supervision. International experience shows active implementation and expansion of the application scope of the approach focused on risk management. The object of the study is a risk-oriented approach in the work of state control and supervision bodies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation and implementation of a risk-oriented approach in the activities of the Fe­deral Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in the field of circulation of drugs for veterinary use. The following are solved: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the regulatory framework for the evolution of a risk-oriented approach in a separate department; to evaluate the current methodology of a risk-oriented approach in state supervision in the field of circulation of drugs for veterinary use, to identify advantages, disadvantages and offer recommendations for improvement. The authors use methods of dialectical and systems approaches, general scientific and economic-statistical methods, retrospective analysis, modeling. Statistical analysis is carried out on the basis of official reports and analytical notes of the Ministry of Economic Development, Rosselkhoznadzor. In 2015, Rosselkhoznadzor began actively implementing a risk management-oriented strategy. Today, it can be argued that this approach is fragmentarily integrated into the agency’s activities. The authors offer recommendations for improving the methodology of the risk-oriented approach in the system of state control over the circulation of veterinary drugs. The success of the method’s implementation is confirmed by the analysis presented in the article. The key problems of the risk-oriented approach in the field of control and supervision that require urgent adjustment are also identified.
Competition in the Market of Cosmetic Products: Factors Influencing the Formation of the Competitiveness of the Organization (on the Example of Natura Siberica LLC)
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Solovyova Marina V.
Published: December 2024

At the present stage of the a market economy development, a high level of competitiveness is the main goal of most organizations, therefore effective competition can be considered one of the key factors for the commercial success of an enterprise. Any company has an ultimate goal in a strategy to increase competitiveness, and most often, it is to win the competition. It is important not to win once, but to make timely and constant decisions to strengthen the company’s position in the market. The author examines and evaluates the main indicators and characteristics that contribute to increasing the competitiveness of companies in the market of cosmetic products on the example of Natura Siberica LLC. The ever-growing demand for cosmetic products requires companies to develop effective measures to increase competitiveness, which actualizes the title problem. The object of the study is competition in the market of cosmetic products; the subject is the factors influencing the competitiveness of the company “Natura Siberica” – a manufacturer and seller of natural cosmetics. The aim is to evaluate the main indicators that influence the formation of the company “Natura Siberica” competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is an integrated and systematic approach; the latter is based on the consideration of the object as a system, as well as a structural and functional approach based on the allocation of their structure in integral systems. The theoretical foundations of the research are laid in the works of M. Porter, A. Smith, D. Ricardo. The results of the work showed that the potential of increasing competitiveness has not been exhausted in the company “Natura Siberica”. Problematic areas requiring urgent resolution have been identified. The main ones include the following: the formation of a product range that meets market demand; limited sales channels for commercial products (weak diversification); not sufficiently effective positioning of the organization. For each of the problematic areas, options are proposed to minimize their impact on the competitiveness of the company.
Main problems of state housing policy implementation (on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia, Okorokova Matryona P.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the search for models of effective interaction between the central and regional authorities on the implementation of state housing policy. The object of the study is the state housing policy, the subject of the study is the main trends in the implementation and development of state housing policy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The main goal of the work is to reveal the content and problems of state housing policy implementation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Research objectives are as follows: to study the phenomenon of state housing policy in the Russian Federation, its goals, objectives and basic principles of implementation; to consider the issue of state regulation of housing policy; to analyze the state of housing policy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and trends in its implementation. The methodological basis of the study is based on analytical, comparative, statistical and systemic methods of scientific knowledge, which allow structuring and analyzing the implementation of key areas of state housing policy at the federal and regional levels. The use of these methods contributed to the formation of an objective picture of the state of regional housing policy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and identified the main trends recorded in the results of the study. The author defines the principles and foundations of the theoretical and methodological part of the housing policy implementation and development in the region; identifies further priority areas for the regional state housing policy development, taking into account the content of the regulatory framework, features and specifics of implementation and improvement programs. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has its own features in the housing policy development, such as independent regulation of conflict situations, additional subsidy and benefit programs for special categories of the population, organizing the solution of the emergency fund issue by coordinating the activities of regional and federal developers. However, the main problems due to which solutions to issues in the field of regional state housing policy implementation are not revealed have become the limited amount of finance and the natural conditions of our region.
Russian Sinological Studies in Contemporary Chinese Academic Discourse: Content Analysis of Journal Articles from China Knowledge Networks (CNKI) (1994–2023)
Authors:   School of Foreign Languages, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China, Shufang Yan
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern Russian Sinology problems of in the discursive field of Chinese scientists’ researches. The paper is aimed at determining the content and problems of Russian Sinology as a scientific direction. At the present stage, the Chinese discourse of Russian Sinology contains a wide range of topics that reflect the scale, depth and directions of relations between China and Russia. The analysis of this discourse will allow us to assess its content and thematic focus, identify research methods for Russian Sinology, little-studied areas, and clarify current problems. Based on the digital tools of the search system of the National Database of Chinese Knowledge Network, the author has selected 139 articles of the specified time period, carried out a bibliometric analysis of their texts, and made general description and classification. The areas and topics of research are specified: history, culture, philology, ways of integrating the Chinese language into the Russian national education system, teaching the Russian language in China, problems and trends in the development of Russian Sinology. The paper presents the most important results of research by Chinese scientists on this issue. It is concluded that Russian Sinology in Chinese scientific discourse is framed as a separate complex interdisciplinary branch of national research. Over the past thirty years, significant results have been achieved in this direction, promoting academic and cultural exchanges between China and Russia. The accumulated research potential can serve as a resource for further promising projects. In conclusion, the author analyzes the outstanding achievements and limitations of the research and proposes solutions that will contribute to further academic Sino-Russian exchanges in the field of Chinese studies.
Prospects for a Specially Protected Natural Areas Network Development in the Republic of Bashkortostan (on the Example of the Bashkir Trans-Uralia)
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia, Khasanova Galima F. , Nasretdinov Ramil R. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2024

Currently there are 215 specially protected natural areas of various categories in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is 7.2 % of the total area. These indicators are less than the all-Russian level; moreover, specially protected areas are located unevenly. In the conditions of intensive development of the mining industry, the landscapes of the Bashkir Trans-Urals are especially vulnerable, which accounts for the smallest share of protected areas. The article considers the prospects for organi­zing specially protected natural areas in the southern part of the Irendyk ridge within the Baymak district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The purpose of work is the development of recommendations for a specially protected natural areas network development of the Republic of Bashkortostan within the Bashkir Trans-Urals. The object of the research is a network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject is the prospects for the development of the PA network in the Republic of Bashkortostan, with an emphasis on the Bashkir Trans-Urals. The methods included collecting and summarizing existing information, route and distance studies. The territory is characterized by high biological and landscape diversity. Mountain steppes are the place of growth of relics and endemics, there are 10 species of such in the study area, 41 species of rare and endangered plants are noted. Examples are bedrock outcrops (diabases) in the ridge of the Schrau-Tau, Kynyshtau massifs near the village Baishevo, which are evidence of underwater volcanism in the Paleozoic; jasper and jasper-containing rocks, which are a part of the Jasper belt, the basin of the ancient lake Sagykul. In the southern Irendyk, an abnormally high concentration of archaeological sites is recorded, which also need protection and protection. The study area meets the requirements of the organization of protected areas of the regional level and is promising for a specially protected areas network development of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Aspect Analysis Mechanisms Contamination of Sulfide Concentrates by Slime from Host Rock Minerals and a Review of its Reduction Methods
Authors:   Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Russia, Arabadzhi Yana N. , Orekhova Natalia N. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Abdrakhmanov Kamil I. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Abdrakhmanov Emil I. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the need to improve the quality of flotation concentrates when finer grinding of ore is required to reveal a valuable mineral and, as a consequence, increase the amount of particles of the host rock of the sludge fraction. The purpose of the study is to systematize and analyze the existing methods for improving the quality of concentrate during direct flotation from slimed pulp, to determine the most effective and promising of them. The challenges are as follows: to develop a new approach to the problem under study; substantiation of the problem significance and the proposed direction for its solution; to identify new methods for solving the problem of reducing the quality of concentrate during flotation from pulp with a high slime content. The object of the study is the methods for reducing the content of gangue in the froth product. The subject of the study is the scope and effectiveness of the methods for reducing the content of gangue in the froth product. Methodology and research methods used by the authors are: an aspect analysis of scientific information, an analysis of the practice of improving the quality of sulfide concentrates. The article considers the issues of gangue mineral flotation activity, formation of fine and ultrafine gangue particles and their adhesion to flotation-active sulfide particles, and mechanical removal into the foam product. The article presents the results of studies by Russian and foreign scientists, mainly over the past decade. It has been established that the main direction of reducing the mass fraction of gangue in concentrates is the selection of depressants, and their modeling in modern specialized software products is becoming increasingly relevant for creating depressants by modifying existing ones, selecting previously unused chemicals, or creating reagent compositions. This approach allows selecting an individual effective depressant for a specific ore raw material. Selective aggregation of fine and ultrafine mineral particles is of interest for fundamental research. An important direction for reducing the contamination of sulfide concentrates with gangue components is the study of minimizing their mechanical removal, which is influenced by many factors. Little attention has been paid to the study of mechanical removal and the determination of the values of the parameters characterizing this phenomenon in the domestic literature.
Analysis of the Feasibility of Using Polymer Casing Pipes Made of Various Polymer Materials for Equipping Process Wells for In-Situ Leaching of Uranium
Authors: Ivanov Alexander G.
Published: December 2024

Uranium mining in the Soviet Union and in Russia was accompanied by the use of casing pipes made of various materials for the construction of technological wells: steel, plywood, stainless steel, low-density polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, metal-plastic, fiberglass, polyvinyl chloride. The method of borehole underground uranium is currently the most used in the world. Russia is no exception in this matter. The reliability of production technological wells is determined by the quality of the casing pipes used for fastening. The purpose of the study is to consider the applicability of pipes made of various materials for the construction of wells. The object of the study is the deposits of borehole in-situ leaching of uranium. The purpose of the study is to compare the properties of casing pipes made of different materials, to develop recommendations for the use of pipes made of modern materials. The research methods are to collect information on previously used casing pipes for the construction of technological wells, to analyze the results obtained, formulations of the tasks that must be solved when choosing pipes, determining the promising material for pipe manufacturing. The issue of choosing casing pipe material for the equipment of technological wells is little covered in modern sources, the last studies date back to the period of 1983–1987. The article summarizes the results of well-known works on the topic under consideration. The author analyzes the physical and mechanical characteristics of individual materials, provides comparative data on pipe materials, and describes the features of the technology for manufacturing polymer pipes from some of the materials under consideration generation with higher performance characteristics (pipes made of oriented polyvinyl chloride). The analysis showed that the use of polymer pipes should take into account: the period of use after manufacture; their storage period; aging of polymers; storage conditions; design characteristics for determining the strength of pipes depending on the life of wells; the temperature of the pipes when they are lowered into the well.
Microelement Composition of Ash and Slag Waste of the Transbaikal Territory
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Russia, Sidorova Galina P. , Manikovsky Pavel M. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Russia
Published: December 2024

Fossil coal consists of organic and inorganic parts. The inorganic part is in the form of minerals. In the composition of inorganic matter, two chemical groups of elements are distinguished: ash-forming or main, constituting about 99 % of all inorganic matter; impurity or minor elements (about 1 % of the total inorganic matter). Among the impurity elements there may be rare valuable metals such as Ge, Ga, U, etc. Sometimes, the cost of rare metals in coal may exceed the cost of the coal itself, and then these coals are considered as low-balance mineral raw materials, and their organic matter found in their composition as a by-product. The article provides overview information on the results of studies already conducted and currently ongoing on the issue of the safe inclusion of ash and slag waste, which occupies vast areas near coal-fired power plants, into industrial circulation through their integrated use. The object of the research is coal combustion waste. The subject of the study is ash and slag waste from Transbaikal coal power plants. The purpose of the work is to assess the mineral composition of ash and slag waste in the Transbaikal Territory. The objective of the research is to obtain reliable information about the content and distribution of chemical elements in the inorganic matter of Transbaikal coals, which turn into ash and slag waste after combustion. The research methods are as follows: analytical research and processing of archival materials from previously carried out work; field testing of ash and sludge waste using modern instruments; processing of laboratory samples using modern laboratory equipment. The result of the research will be: assessment of the elemental composition of inorganic matter in coals based on the analysis of ash and slag waste and their potential impact on the ecological state of adjacent areas during combustion; typification of chemical elements of inorganic matter in Transbaikal coals: valuable components, potentially valuable, toxic, potentially toxic, technologically harmful and technologically useful.
Eine Sache des Glücks
Authors: Schenk Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Die Geschichte der Diskussionen über das für die moderne Erziehungswissenschaft konstitutive Problem der Normativität zu schreiben, steht noch aus. Das seit einigen Jahren innerhalb der Allgemeinen Erziehungswissenschaft und nun auch in der Medienpädagogik wiederaufgelebte Interesse an der Frage nach der ‹Normativität› wird im vorliegenden Beitrag deshalb in drei Schritten aufgenommen: Rationalistisch gesprochen lässt sich sein Entstehen der Entdeckung der Kontingenz im Verlauf des 18. Jhd. zuordnen, das onto-teleologische Ordnungsvorstellungen brüchig werden liess und dem Zeitalter der Moderne damit gleichzeitig Freiheitsgewinne wie Orientierungsverluste überlassen hat. Es schien noch bis ins 20. Jhd. hinein zunächst, als liesse sich Freiheit in Form von Gestaltungsfreiheit maximieren und Orientierung in Form von Fortschrittsoptimismus im Vertrauen vor allem auf die Leistungskraft der technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen herstellen. Unterschiedliche pädagogische Richtungen sahen ihren Beitrag zur Rationalisierung von Bildung und Erziehung in der doppelten Aufgabe, die implizit leitenden praktischen Normen aufzuklären und sie für die Begründung bzw. Orientierung von praktischem pädagogischem Handeln intelligibel zu machen (1). Im Einklang mit den etablierten Studien zur Wissenschaftstheorie und zuletzt dem Begriff der ‹Erkenntnispolitik› lässt sich dabei verdeutlichen, dass implizit leitende Normen (als ‹Normativität› im eigentlichen Sinne) aus der wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit kaum sinnvoll wegzudenken sind. Demgegenüber scheint der Wille zur ‹Normierung›, wie er sich insbesondere in einem handlungstheoretischen Verständnis von Erziehungswissenschaft findet, mit unlösbaren Problemstellungen behaftet (2). Mit Bezug auf eine Studie von Wolfgang Wieland werden drei dieser Aporien systematisch rekonstruiert, die aus dem Problemzusammenhang der praktischen Vernunft stammen, der der praktischen Philosophie zugeordnet ist: die Applikationsaporie, die Motivationsaporie und die Institutionenaporie. Historisch befindet sich die praktische Philosophie selbst in einer aporetischen Situation, weil sie, ihrem rationalen Begründungsanspruch nach, die im 19. Jhd. verlorengegangene Einheit von praktischen und theoretischen Wissenschaften wiederherstellen müsste, um sich nicht in Dezisionismus oder Individualethiken aufzulösen (3). Nach diesem Durchgang zeigt sich, dass es neben dem rationalistischen Erbe des ‹Normativitätsproblems› offenbar noch eine ungelöste metaphysische Erblast gibt: die Frage nach dem ‹Glück› und dem ‹guten Leben›, das die Wissenschaften einst zu beantworten angetreten waren (4).
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Authors: Ali Hikmat Namiq
Published: December 2024

ئامانجی سەرەکی ئەم توێژینەوەیە شیکردنەوەی چۆنایەتیە لەبارەی کاڵبوونەوەی پەیوەندی خۆشەویستی لای نەوەی گەنجان و زانین وتێگەیشتنی گەنجانە لەبارەی شوێنگرتنەوەی کات بەسەربردن وڕابواردن لەبەرانبەر خۆشەویستیدا لەگەڵ ڕۆڵی بەکارهێنانی فەزا ئەلیکترۆنیەکان لەم بارەیەوە شاری هەولێر کۆمەڵگای توێژینەوەیە، بۆ کۆکردنەوەی زانیاری ئامرازی چاوپێکەتنی نیمچە ڕێکخراو بەکارهێنراوە نموونەی توێژینەوە لەم توێژینەوەیەدا لەجۆری  نموونە وەرگرتنی مەبەستدارە کە پێکهاتوە لە شەش کەس سێ ٣ کچ و ٣سێ کوڕ  تەمەنیان لەسەرەتای بیست ساڵیدایە. لەم توێژینەوەدا ئەنجامی بەدەستهاتوو ئەوە ڕووندەکاتەوە کەوا  پەیوەندی خۆشەویستی بەرەو کاڵبوونەوەو پوکانەوە دەچێت لەبەرانبەردا کات بەسەربردن و ڕابواردن وچێژ وەرگرتن شوێنی ئەو پەیوەندیە ی گرتۆتەوەلای نەوەی ئێستای گەنجاندا هەروەک بەپێی وەڵامی لێتوێژەران بێت فەزا ئەلیکرۆنیەکانیش هەمدیسان ئەو پەیوەندیەی بەرەو لاوازی وکاڵبوونەوە بردوە.
The Role of Women in Social Development: Field Research in Erbil
Authors: Sozan Taha Rasool  , Aram Ibrahem Hussen
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to understand the role of women in social development. The research method used is descriptive, employing the social survey method. The sample consists of (450) women, with (205) working in the private sector and (245) working in the public sector .The key findings of this research indicate that the global trend is shifting towards greater female participation in all areas of society, which significantly impacts social development (including civil society organizations and health) overall. Women in Erbil are more actively involved in both the public and private sectors, particularly in education and health. However, their participation is lower in organizations and especially in the media field.
Regarding education, there is a statistically significant effect of 0.131 standard deviations on social development. This effect is direct, meaning that for each standard deviation increase in education level, there is a corresponding increase of 0.131 standard deviations in social development. In the health dimension, there is also a statistically significant effect of 0.257 standard deviations on social development. Similarly, this effect is direct. However, in the media field, there was no statistically significant effect at the chosen level of significance (0.05). This may be attributed to the nature of work in these fields, which often requires more fieldwork and may pose challenges for women, especially those with greater caregiving responsibilities as mothers. Particularly in the media, the low participation rate of women may be influenced by societal customs and negative attitudes towards women's involvement in this industry.
Rhetorical Arts in Al-Jawahiri’s Poetry in Critical Discourse
Authors: Ayoob Ali Othman  , Jalil Hassan Muhamad
Published: December 2024

This research deals with an aspect of the rhetorical arts in Al-Jawahiri’s poetry in critical discourse. His poetry was the subject of research, study, and criticism throughout the seventy years of his creative experience. Critics and researchers studied and criticized his poetry according to the different rhetorical arts.
The research shed light on the view of critics and researchers on the rhetorical arts of simile, metaphor, metonymy, and allusion in Al-Jawahiri’s poetry. His poetry is full of these rhetorical arts that attracted the attention of researchers and critics.
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Authors: Fatima Murad Mala  , Mohammed Hussein Shwani
Published: December 2024

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Conceptual Metaphor of Measuring Time in Kurdish Language
Authors: Gulchin Azeez Muhammad Ameen  , Qais Kakl Tofiq
Published: December 2024

This research is entitled (Conceptual Metaphor of Measuring Time in Kurdish Language). The study is an attempt to show the Kurdish views about measuring time as a cognitive concept, within the framework of conceptual metaphor in Kurdish language. It refers to the schema of the concept of time as place, and how the abstract concept of time appears in concrete forms (objects, movements and quantities) in Kurdish language.
The data were taken from the daily speech of the speakers of the middle dialect of Kurdish. Most of the data were widespread orally and were taken from the ordinary speech of the speakers, while some of them have taken more cultural forms and have been recorded in Kurdish dictionaries.
For the data analysis the study relies on schema theory, mapping, proposed by Lakoff and Johnson within the framework of the school of cognitive linguistics/semantics. Moreover, it refers to how it reflects the individual's experience (such as the main views of school of cognitive semantics) and the principle of forming a pictorial mapping of the Kurdish individual's thought system and its reflection in his speeches have been interpreted as necessary.
Evaluation of active carbon under sodic soil after gypsum and bio- compost application
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rabindra Nath Tagore Agriculture College, Deoghar under Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand - 814157, India, Mali Suraj , Tiwari Sanjay ,   Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar - 848 125, India
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the active carbon under sodic soil after the
improvement through natural sources of gypsum and bio-compost. This experiment was
carried out at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sub Regional Station, Pusa
(Samastipur), Bihar during the Kharif session of 2018 and 2019. The experimental site was
laidout in split plot design with four treatments of gypsum and bio-compost application in
main plots and ten rice genotypes sowed into subplots and replicated in thrice times. After the
experiment results observed that the improved soil pH, ESP, and EC significantly. The active
carbon was observed to the significantly higher in more application doses of bio-compost
than gypsum and also observed that some rice genotypes helps in improving active carbon
under-treated with bio-compost and gypsum plots i.e. CSR-36, CSR-27, CR-3884-244-8-5-6-
1-1, and CSR-30.
An analytical study on the drudgery prone paddy cultivation practices
Authors:   Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi – 110012, India, Chaithanya Leela Krishna , Barua Sukanya ,   Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi – 110012, India, Joshi Prathibha ,   Senior Scientist, CATAT, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi – 110012, India, Shravani Kotha ,   Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi – 110012, India
Published: December 2024

Drudgery is termed for hard work, monotony, time-consuming, and use of traditional
tools with inappropriate working posture in the field [1]. The drudgery of farmers is a crucial
aspect that has attracted wide attention from researchers. Paddy is cultivated and consumed as
the major food grain crop all over the world. Almost all the practices are performed manually
by the farmers. Many of such activities are drudgery susceptible to varying degrees which
results in the various health hazards and reduced work efficiency of the farmers. The present
study aims to showcase the areas of discomfort while doing the various cultivation practices
in paddy, the causes for the reduced efficiency and production, health hazards that farmers are
facing at the field level, and strategies to overcome them. The study collected various
literature reviews by the experts which pooled together for a better understanding of the
existing situations in which work-related health hazards, body part discomfort, Energy
expenditure, Human Physical Drudgery Index (HPDI), and Extent of postural discomfort
using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were
included. However, it is very challenging to the researcher to take the body part
measurements from the respondents in the data collection process. Various improved tools are
available for the paddy cultivation practices should be made aware of by the farmers for
effective and efficient participation in farming which results in reduced drudgery.
Seed System in Bihar: An Overview
Authors:   Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210 (Bihar), India., Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Arun ,   Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210 (Bihar), India., Ahmad Feza ,   Director Seed and Farms, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210 (Bihar), India.
Published: December 2024

Seeds are a vital input for good production and productivity. Poorly performing seed can be
devastating for livelihood of farmers. Trust or quality assurance is a vital element in the
functioning and resilience of any seed system. A seed system encompasses the processes and
mechanisms through which farmers obtain seeds. Recently importance of seed system
received significant attention. An effective seed system gives all farmers access to quality
seed, reliable information, and up-to-date knowledge of improved varieties and seed
practices.These systems are crucial for ensuring the availability of high-quality seeds, which
are essential for food security and agricultural productivity.The agricultural seed system in
Bihar encompasses a combination of traditional practices i.e. informal seed system and
modern interventions i.e. formal seed system.Seed security can be sustained when the formal
and informal seed system can complement each other particularly in Bihar where, access of
quality seed to resource poor farmers is limited. Seed market in Bihar is robust and diverse, it
faces challenges related to yield, adoption of new seed varieties, and efficient water use.
Adoption of improved seed varieties is slow, which affects overall productivity. Efforts are
being made to introduce better quality seeds to increase yields and profitability. Addressing
these issues can significantly enhance productivity and profitability for the state;s farmers.
Impact of Different Nutrient Sources on Yield, Nutrient Content and Uptake of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Organic Agriculture
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat- 396450, India., Raj Janak , Dubey P. K. ,   Department of Natural Resource Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat396450, India., Kaswala A. R. ,   Department of Natural Resource Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat396450, India., Italiya A. P. ,   Department of Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat- 396450, India
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted to studyaimed to investigate the impact of different organic nutrient sources on rice var. GNR-7 at the Organic Farm, ASPEE College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, during theKharif season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with a Factorial concept, consisting of two levels viz., soil application and foliar application. Total of 12treatments i.e.S1, 100% RDN through NADEP compost, S2, 80% RDN through NADEP compostalong with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each, S3, 60% RDN through NADEP compost along with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each and S4, Ghan-jivamrut @ 500 kg/ha + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha, and that of foliar application was, F0, control, F1, Novel Organic liquid nutrient @ 1% and F2, Moringa leaf extract @ 3%. The application of foliar spray was done thrice at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowingwas replicated thrice.The result revealed that the mean data of nutrient content in rice grain and straw did not significantly change due to soil and foliar application of different organic nutrient sources.The total NPK uptake was recorded as significantly the highest with the S1 treatment, and was statistically similar to the treatment S2.The foliar application of treatment F2 recorded significantly the highest total NPK uptake by crop, but was statistically similar to treatment F1.
So, it can be concluded thatproviding 100 percent RDN through NADEP compost in the soil andalong with the application of 3 percent Moringa leaf extract or 1 percent Novel organic liquid nutrients on days 15, 30, and 45 post-planting on leaves, resulted in significantly higher grain yield, and total nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared to treatments involving Ghan-jivamrut @ 500 kg/ha + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha on soil, and the control.
Assessment of Sugarcane Varieties at Various Maturity Levels Using Physical Properties
Authors:   Department of Food and Nutrition, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Prasoona J. , Supraja T. ,   Department of Food and Nutrition, Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Sucharitha T. ,   Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Community Science, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Saifabad 500004, reddy Geetha ,   Department of Extension and Communication management, College of Community Science, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Saifabad 500004, Supriya K. ,   Department of Statistics, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study was to extract sugarcane juice, identify the ideal stage of maturity and assess its acceptability using sensory analysis. From Rudrur, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station in Nizamabad provided the sugarcane cultivars Co86032, 85R186 and 83R23 for the study which was carried out in 2021–2022. These types were gathered in the eighth, tenth and twelve months of maturity. The findings showed that physical characteristics like sucrose in brix% and juice obtained grew more prominent as one aged. Thus, for sensory examination 12thmonth maturity stage was chosen. Out of all the varieties that were evaluated the experimental sample SCR2-83R23 showed better acceptability than the experimental sample SCR1-85R186 and control SCO-Co86032. Because of improved sweetness, a deeper flavor profile and superior overall juice obtained are important components of consumer choice and sensory pleasure the SCR2-83R23 variant is probably more widely accepted.
Evaluation of F Hybrids of Ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula, (Roxb. L.)]for 1 Growth, Quality and Yield
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar: 413722 Maharashtra, India., Teli Imatiyazahamed , Shinde Sharmila ,   Department of Horticulture, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar: 413722 Maharashtra, India., Anarse S.A. ,   Department of Horticulture, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar: 413722 Maharashtra, India., Patil D. D. ,   Department of Horticulture, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar: 413722 Maharashtra, India., M. K. Sushravya ,   Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi -110012, India
Published: December 2024

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of F 1 hybrids of ridge gourd [Luffa
acutangula (L.) Roxb]” was conducted during Kharif 2021 at AICRP on Vegetable Crops,
Department of Horticulture, MPKV, Rahuri, comprising 22 treatments (20 hybrids and 2
check cultivars) with 2 replications using simple RBD. The hybrid COH-1 × Karjat Local
recorded the longest vine length (9.95 m) and the maximum number of primary branches per
vine (8.40). This hybrid also showed the minimum days for the first male flower (33.70 days),
first female flower (36.60 days), and earliest fruit harvest (44.10 days). It had the lowest sex
ratio (4.78) and node at the first female flower (10.80), with minimum days for 50% of plants
to produce flowers in COH-1 × Nidhi (39.50 days). Maximum fruit weight was observed in
COH-1 × Arka Sujata (199.43 g) and maximum fruit length in Arka Sujata × Nidhi (46.95
cm). The hybrid Arka Sujata × Nidhi recorded the maximum fruit diameter at the center (4.53
cm), the fruit diameter at the pedicel was highest in Navin Long × Krishna-51 (1.94 cm), and
the maximum fruit diameter at the stylar end was in Arka Sujata × Krishna-51 (3.67 cm). The
highest number of fruits per vine was in COH-1 × Karjat Local (19.20), resulting in the
highest fruit yield per plant (4.30 kg) and per hectare (24.67 t/ha). All hybrids had elongate
fruit shape with 10 ridges. Hybrids COH-1 × Karjat Local, COH-1 × Banaras Local, and
COH-1 × Arka Sujata were superior for most characters based on mean performance.
Implementation of Cooperative Learning Method in The Nurul Huda Islamic Kindergarten Samarinda
Authors: Rasyid Nurbiah , Malik Lina Revilla
Published: December 2024

The cooperative learning method is one of the methods that can be used for early childhood. This method can holistically support early childhood development. One of the kindergartens that apply the cooperative learning method is Nurul Huda Islamic Kindergarten Samarinda. For this reason, it is necessary to see how the cooperative learning method is implemented at Nurul Huda Islamic Kindergarten Samarinda. This research uses a qualitative approach, and data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data is then found in the analyst with data triangulation and descriptive narrative. The results showed that facilities and infrastructure supported the implementation of the cooperative learning method well. However, there is still a challenge, namely at the beginning of early childhood learning, that is egocentric, so it is necessary for the role of teachers to have good classroom management and to be an example when the method is implemented.
MESLEKİ YETERLİLİK KURUMU PERSONELİNİN ÜCRETİNE İLİŞKİN TOPLU SÖZLEŞME HAKKI BÜTÇE DİSİPLİNİNİ SAĞLAMA AMACIYLA SINIRLANDIRILABİLİR Mİ?
Authors: Ay Yunus Anıl
Published: December 2024

Çalışmada öncelikle Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu personelinin tabi olduğu mevzuat dikkate alınarak hukuki niteliği, mali hakları ve toplu iş sözleşmesi hakkı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Dağınık ve sürekli değişikliğe uğrayarak karmaşık bir hale gelen Kurum mevzuatına rağmen ilgili personelin iş mevzuatına tabi çalışan olduğu, mali haklarının özel düzenlemelere ilaveten iş hukukuna göre belirlenebileceği ve dolayısıyla Anayasa’da güvence altına alınan toplu iş sözleşmesi yapma hakkına sahip olduğuna kanaat getirilmiştir. Ardından, Kurum personeli için öngörülen tavan ücret düzenlemesi, özellikle Sayıştay uygulaması ve Mahkemenin tavan ücreti aşan ödemeler hakkında verdiği kamu zararına ilişkin kararlarına değinilmiş; Anayasa Mahkemesi’nde somut norm denetimine konu olan tavan ücret düzenlemesinin Anayasaya aykırılığına ilişkin Yüksek Mahkemece verilen ret kararı irdelenmiştir. Yine konuyla yakından ilgili olduğu için Yargıtay’ın ilave tediye ücretine ilişkin verdiği kararlarına da kısmen değinilmiştir. Özellikle Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin bütçe disiplini ve kamu yararı gerekçeleri dikkate alınarak tavan ücret sınırlamasının hukuka uygunluğu tartışılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda tavan ücret sınırlamasının yargı kararlarına rağmen hukuk devleti ve sosyal devlet ilkeleri karşısında kamu işçisinin toplu sözleşme ile ücretini belirleme hakkına ilişkin sorunlu bir sınırlama oluşturduğuna kanaat getirilmiştir.