bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: SECURING THE METRO RAILWAY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Jones Dave
Published: February 2024

On November 13, 2023, Chief Officer Dave Jones presented The Role of Intelligence in Critical Infrastructure Protection: Securing the Metro Railway and Public Transportation for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were that North American passenger transit systems, such as railways and buses, lack robust safety screening systems, the challenges balancing visibility and effectiveness with cost and aesthetics as cities grow and transit usage increases; and the importance of increased information sharing, employing emerging technologies, risk assessments, and adaptation to the safety of transit networks.

 

Received:  01-14-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
LEADERSHIP IN EVOLVING WARFARE
Authors: Virk Vincent
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Lieutenant Colonel Vincent Virk presented Leadership in Evolving Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were that leadership needs to be changed and understood in relation to contemporary global conflicts and events, technology and information play a crucial role in evolving warfare, and the importance of evolving leadership throughout the technology and information fields.

 

Received: 01-26-2024

Revised: 01-29-2024
THREE POLICING PARADIGMS: EXPLORATORY, SOLUTIONS, AND COLLABORATIONS
Authors: Coxhead John
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Professor John Coxhead, presented on Three Policing Paradigms: Exploratory, Solutions, and Collaborations for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the emphasis on proactive resolution of problems over tactical reactivity; the importance of blending theory and practice; and the weaponizing of intelligence for proactive purposes.

 

Received: 12-30-2023

Revised: 01-29-2024
THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE: CANADIAN POLICING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Clunis Devon
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Devon Clunis presented The Pursuit of Excellence: Canadian Policing in The 21st Century for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were that Canadian policing must evolve to stay relevant in a changing society and focus on addressing socio-cultural narratives and embracing change agents; Canadian policing must adapt to serve a variety of cultures and ethnicities, emphasizing cultural sensitivity; and enhancing collaboration, community engagement, and training focused on social justice and human rights to improve policing effectiveness and community trust.

 

Received: 01-14-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
COMMUNITY POLICING AND REPRESENTATION WITHIN POLICING IN CANADA
Authors: Edwards Jacqueline
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Jacqueline Edwards presented Community Policing and Representation within Policing in Canada for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were diversity in policing and the importance of accountability and community engagement in policing.

 

Received: 12-18-2023

Revised: 01-26-2024
LEADING SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE: CURRENT TRENDS AND ESSENTIAL ABILITIES
Authors: Irish Jennifer
Published: February 2024

On November 15, 2023, Ms. Jennifer Irish, Associate and Program Director of the Executive Security and Intelligence Leadership Certificate program at, Telfer Executive Programs of the University of Ottawa, presented Leading Security and Intelligence: Current Trends and Essential Abilities at the West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The presentation was informed by structural interviews she conducted with senior leaders across Canada’s Security and Intelligence community to inform a refresh of the leadership program offered by uOttawa’s Telfer Executive Programs for federal government executives having security and intelligence responsibilities.  The key points focussed on the key competencies and skills required of contemporary S&I leaders as they navigate through changes in the community, the evolving global threatscape, and as result of emerging technologies and increased expectations for public accountability.

 

Received: 01-07-2024

Revised: 01-29-2024
PROFESSIONALISM TRUMPS PARTISANSHIP: LESSONS LEARNED ON HOW WE CONTINUALLY UPDATE OUR PRACTICE OF OBJECTIVITY AS ANALYSTS
Authors: Zulauf Barry
Published: February 2024

On November 15, 2023, Dr. Barry Zulauf presented Professionalism Trumps Partisanship: Lessons Learned on How We Continually Update Our Practice of Objectivity as Analysts for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were how legal standards for intelligence tradecraft were instituted in the following the 9/11 attacks and flawed WMD intelligence in Iraq; the enactment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) to establish clear, unbiased standards and aid in objectivity; and recent attempts to politicize intelligence, particularly regarding foreign election interference.

 

Received: 01-07-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
INTELLIGENCE AND FATE: THE ROLE OF FATE AS AN AID TO INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Adlakha-Hutcheon Gitanjali
Published: February 2024

On November 16, 2023, Dr. Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon presented Intelligence and FATE: The Role of FATE as an Aid to Intelligence at this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the increased presence of emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) and their possible implications for the future; the FATE method and its applicability to defence and security issues, as a means to facilitate future preparedness.

 

Received: 01-13-2024

Revised: 01-30-2024
DESIGNING, DEVELOPING, AND DELIVERING WARGAMES
Authors: Redpath David
Published: February 2024

On November 16, 2023, Mr. David Redpath, Senior Wargames Designer and member of the Canadian Joint Warfare Centre and Department of National Defence, presented Designing, Developing, and Delivering Wargames for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the definition, scope, and usefulness of Wargames; who should partake in Wargaming; and how Wargames are utilised effectively.

 

Received: 01-20-2024

Revised: 01-28-2024
THREE ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors: Senior CSIS Executive
Published: February 2024

On November 17, 2023, a Senior CSIS Executive presented Three Aspects of Accountability for the Canadian Public Service for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver Executives. The key points discussed were the themes of accountability in the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in relation to the federal court, to Canadian citizens, and within the governmental and academic spheres.

 

Received: 01-07-2024

Revised: 01-30-2024
BLURRING BOUNDARIES: WAR AND VIOLENCE IN A NEW ERA
Authors: Kelshall Candyce
Published: February 2024

On November 13, 2023, Professor Candyce Kelshall presented Blurring Boundaries: War and Violence in a New Era for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the drift into the realm of focusing on noncombatants as human infrastructure targets outside of liberal norms.

 
Received: 01-28-2024
Revised: 01-31-2024
A importância da revisão para a tradução de acordo com as normas de qualidade
Authors: Pinho Jorge
Published: February 2024

Este artigo sobre revisão e tradução pretende demonstrar a omnipresente importância da revisão para a tradução e os conflitos que assolam ambas as tarefas. Mas pretende-se, igualmente, analisar alguns dos interesses comuns que ambas as atividades partilham e que deveriam servir para as aproximar. Seguindo uma abordagem sintética às definições mais relevantes associadas a ambas as áreas, será possível analisar alguns dos procedimentos básicos e alguns exemplos práticos de influência mútua. Numa perspetiva histórica, iniciada com os trabalhos do CEN, em 2003, passando pela Norma Europeia de Serviços de Tradução EN 15038 e chegando à ISO 17100, em 2015, descrevem-se alguns momentos essenciais deste percurso. De seguida, procede-se a uma discussão e apreciação das vantagens e desvantagens de usar ambas as competências no ofício do tradutor, em particular no mundo editorial e a iniludível influência da revisão para o produto final da tradução e respetiva publicação.
Numa abordagem sintética às definições mais relevantes associadas a ambas as áreas, será possível analisar alguns dos procedimentos básicos e alguns exemplos práticos de influência mútua.
Numa perspetiva histórica, iniciada com os trabalhos do CEN, em 2003, passando pela Norma Europeia de Serviços de Tradução EN 15038 e chegando à ISO 17100, em 2015, descrevem-se alguns momentos essenciais deste percurso.
De seguida, procede-se a uma discussão e apreciação das vantagens e desvantagens de usar ambas as competências no ofício do tradutor, em particular no mundo editorial e a iniludível influência da Revisão para o produto final da tradução e respetiva publicação.
De los agravios a las vindicaciones. Traducciones de Christine de Pizan y Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors: Godayol Pilar
Published: February 2024

La teoría feminista cuenta con una tradición de siglos. Aunque, en general, la primera ola del feminismo se sitúa durante el movimiento sufragista, no debemos olvidar la lucha de algunas madres simbólicas precursoras por defender sus derechos literarios y ciudadanos. En 1405 la escritora francesa Christine de Pizan publica una obra pionera para la historia del feminismo: La Cité des Dames. Con ella, se inicia un memorial de agravios contra el patriarcado y unas precoces vindicaciones feministas, que no van a consolidarse hasta la Ilustración, con una de sus máximas representantes, la escritora inglesa Mary Wollstonecraft y su obra A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). La Cité des Dames, de Pizan, y A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, de Wollstonecraft, constituyen dos referentes (proto)feministas que interpelaron al discurso dominante androcéntrico de la época vindicando la igualdad entre los sexos. Desde una aproximación historiográfica feminista de la traducción y en la línea metodológica de los enfoques que abogan por estudiar historias subalternas e invisibilizadas por los discursos patriarcales, este artículo se propone recuperar y contextualizar dos textos fundacionales de los feminismos de todos los tiempos, así como estudiar sus traducciones al castellano, catalán y gallego.
Translation Assessors In and Out of Their Element
Authors: Conde Ruano José Tomás
Published: February 2024

Translation assessment is an activity present in many scenarios and the diverse individuals who must deal with it partly explains the variability of such activity. Previous Translation Studies have already profiled and compared both the behaviour and the results of assessments carried out by a variety of evaluators. This paper examines the main contributions concerning this issue, and adds to the field by distinguishing between the contexts in which evaluators carry out their usual work and other less paradigmatic situations. The result is a compendium of the characteristics defining the prototypical evaluator profiles as well as presenting a warning for researchers, professionals, students and teachers on the special conditions that, depending on the circumstances, affect their evaluation and make it look as a different activity. The discussion includes complex formulas characterized by the collaboration of different groups of evaluators, as well as of those whose profile is not defined always by a single role. Therefore, the present paper may serve as an inspiration for new research investigating the profiles of evaluators to open the focus and take into account the circumstances that may affect their alleged habitual activity.
Análisis crítico de la traducción al italiano de la novela La Templanza de María Dueñas
Authors: Del Río Zamudio María Sagrario
Published: February 2024

El artículo examina la traducción al italiano de la novela La Templanza / Un sorriso tra due silenzi (2015) de María Dueñas que fue la más vendida de ese año y llevada, simultáneamente en Italia y España, a la pequeña pantalla por Amazon Prime en marzo de 2021. Para comprobar la calidad de una traducción literaria entran en juego la crítica, la evaluación y la revisión, fundamentales en el proceso de traducción cuya diferencia fundamental está en el texto provisional (revisión) o definitivo (crítica y evaluación) y, en ocasiones, olvidadas por los traductólogos y ausentes también en los programas de formación. Sí se suelen considerar las estrategias traductoras utilizadas, que son aquellas que permiten hallar la equivalencia en los contextos de traducción y que constituyen el objetivo principal del artículo, donde la Pragmática cobra importancia porque ofrece los recursos necesarios para revisar los textos y aclara la interrelación entre enunciado-contexto-interlocutores, factores extralingüísticos que determinan nuestro uso del lenguaje y que no son contemplados por la gramática tradicional.
Patrimonio cultural de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”
Authors: Diaz-Cante Andrea Katherinne
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo examina la importancia del patrimonio (cultural, militar, nacional) y el rol que desempeña en la identidad nacional, mostrando así la necesidad de conservar y salvaguardar estos acervos, ya que tienen un valor agregado que no todos los bienes poseen, por lo que deben preservarse como diversas herencias que nos recuerdan el pasado y evidencian la necesidad de mantener la estabilidad de la nación. Este patrimonio cultural alimenta una rica historia de nuestra nación, razón por la cual en la ESMIC se busca, mediante la creación de una Sala Museo ESMIC, recuperar, proteger y divulgar este patrimonio cultural. Con el paso de las épocas, las transformaciones naturales, culturales, sociales e históricos causan que estos vestigios se enfrenten al riesgo de sufrir daños, estropearse y, en muchos casos, caer en el olvido.
Beneficios psicológicos de la equitación en alumnos de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes
Authors: Camargo-Ruiz Miguel Ángel , Cataño-Rojas Neyder Yesid , Gelvez-Peláez Yeison , Umbarila-Espinosa Luz  Marina
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo describe los beneficios psicológicos de la equitación en alumnos de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes, para lo cual se encuestó a 23 jinetes divididos en dos grupos con diferente antigüedad respecto de dicha práctica. En el proceso, se examinaron las variables que determinan tales beneficios, se comparó la práctica ecuestre a diferentes niveles y se examinaron sus efectos según el sexo de la persona. Metodológicamente, se trianguló la información del instrumento con los teóricos consultados y se halló que la percepción del beneficio, en términos de autoconfianza, autoestima, carácter, control, estrés y angustia por presión académica, aumenta con el tiempo de práctica de la equitación, lo que permite concluir que son ciertos los beneficios psicológicos de dicha práctica.
Antibiofilm Efficiency of CaF2/TiO2 Strontium Borate Bioactive Glass Composites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gamma Radiation Effect
Authors: Abou Hussein Eman Mohamed , Abou Hussien Noha Mohamed , Ibrahim Sabrin Ragab Mohamed , Elfaky Mahmoud Abdelkhalek , Abdelaziz Tamer Dawod
Published: February 2024

Microbial drug resistance has emerged as one of the most fundamental health threats. The current work aims to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of strontium borate bio-glasses (BBGs). Three CaF2/TiO2 strontium borate compositions have been prepared through melting annealing methods. The XRD pattern displays the amorphous nature of the glassy samples. The primary structural components of the borate, the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 group, can be observed in FTIR spectra. Sharpness and shifting peaks to longer wavenumbers were evident after 40 kGy of gamma radiation. In contrast, density and molar volume (Vm) reveal an obvious change after irradiation. The agar diffusion technique was conducted as a preliminary screening of the antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The studied samples possessed no antimicrobial activity toward this strain; however, samples with 2% CaF2 strontium borate (T1) and 5% TiO2 strontium borate (T3) had higher biofilm inhibition potential (inhibition percentages of 75.17 and 65.77%, respectively). The gamma irradiation procedure had an unexpected detrimental effect on the bio-glass antibiofilm activity, making it unsuitable for use in sterilization procedures. Collectively, BBGs could be further investigated as possible antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing resistant strains.
Cellulose Ethers from Banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization
Authors: Salama Safira Zidna , Firdaus Maulidan , Suryanti Venty
Published: February 2024

Cellulose ethers are biocompatible polymers which have attracted considerable attention for various applications due to their physical and mechanical properties. The present work aims to find the optimum condition for synthesizing cellulose ethers from banana blossom cellulose (BBC) such as methylcellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The ultrasonication-assisted method as an energy source is used to shorten the synthesis time at room temperature and obtain high yields. The influences of various parameters (NaOH concentration, etherification agents, and sonication time) were analyzed using a multivariate statistical modeling response surface methodology (RSM). The materials were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TGA. The cellulose ethers obtained have the potential as food additives with DS values of 2.0, 0.7, and 0.86, respectively. MC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 96.52% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 50% (w/v) NaOH (10 mL) and dichloromethane (6 mL). CMC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 98.26% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 30% (w/v) NaOH (2 mL) and monochloroacetic acid (1 g). HPC was synthesized optimally with a yield of 97.51% using a composition of cellulose (0.4 g), 10% (w/v) NaOH (2 mL) and propylene oxide (1.5 mL).
Nanomaterial for Adjuvants Vaccine: Practical Applications and Prospects
Authors: Tran Vy Anh , Vo Vien , Dang Vinh Quang , Vo Giang Ngoc Linh , Don Ta Ngoc , Doan Van Dat , Le Van Thuan
Published: February 2024

Vaccines contain adjuvants to strengthen the immune responses of the receiver against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to give more robust antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. By changing the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to make antigen-delivery systems with high bioavailability, controlled and sustained release patterns, and the ability to target and image. Nanomaterials can modulate the immune system so that cellular and humoral immune responses more closely resemble those desired. The use of nanoparticles as adjuvants is believed to significantly improve the immunological outcomes of vaccination because of the combination of their immunomodulatory and delivery effects. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in new adjuvants using nanomaterials. Based on three main vaccines, the subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines, the possible ways that nanomaterials change the immune responses caused by vaccines, such as a charge on the surface or a change to the surface, and how they affect the immunological results have been studied. This study aims to provide succinct information on the use of nanomaterials for COVID-19 vaccines and possible new applications.
PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS THE NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: BODKE VISHAL , TEKADE BHARAT W. , BADEKAR RUCHITA , PHALAK SWAPNIL D. , KALE MOHAN
Published: February 2024

Oral pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are intended to induce programmable lag phases before a quick and quantifiable, repeated, or prolonged medication release. As a result, they are gaining popularity due to their inherent suitability for achieving chronotherapeutic goals, which have just been highlighted concerning several prevalent chronic illnesses characterized by typical night or early-morning recurring symptoms (e. g. bronchial asthma, heart attack, rheumatoid arthritis, early-morningawakening). Furthermore, time-based colonic release is possible when pulsatile delivery devices are correctly modified to overcome unexpected gastric emptying and give delay periods that roughly match the small intestine transit time. Oral pulsatile administration is accomplished using several release platforms, including reservoir, capsular, and osmotic devices.
The current review article addressed the topics that followed: the reason pulsatile drug delivery systems have been invented; diseases for which pulsatile release is necessary; classification, advantages and disadvantages; methods used in the current systems; the situation nowadays and its potential for the future; recent advancements, and especially, the previous five to ten years of research on pulsatile drug delivery conducted by researchers using a variety of drugs for a variety of diseases.
Womanhood Initiation
Authors:   Binghamton University, Szilagyi Anna
Published: February 2024

Womanhood Initiation is a poem I wrote during Maria Gillan's Advanced Poetry Workshop. Professor Gillan is a Professor of English at Binghamton University, and her workshop is unique in that it takes place during three long weekend sessions throughout the semester. This specific poem was inspired by one of Professor Gillan’s writing prompts: “I do not feel like a man/woman yet.” I tend to explore gender in my poetry, specifically girlhood and womanhood. Young women and girls, often put down in United States culture for their vanity and selfishness, are complex, intelligent people and have more to say that should be valued. In this poem, I explore feelings of discomfort in the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Experiences like menstruation and using makeup are supposed to signify womanhood, yet the girls and women I know still express uncertainty in their legitimacy as women. In this poem, I reach the conclusion that this confusion is part of being a woman, and our clumsy initiations into womanhood are ongoing.
Mental Health Initiatives for Asian American Women
Authors:   Binghamton University, Lin Karen
Published: February 2024

Despite being one of the fastest growing minorities of the United States, Asian Americans are most at risk for developing mental disorders and least likely to seek professional help. With a significant portion of the United States represented by Asian ethnicities, addressing the mental health needs of this population is not only important but necessary to advance the overall health of all Americans. The purpose of this paper is to describe the influences of cultural norms and standards that increase risk factors for poor mental health outcomes and negative help seeking attitudes in first generation Asian American college-aged females. These influences include: cultural beliefs, school-related peer relationships, and familial relationships. The paper also will conclude with a discussion about some potential strategies to improve overall health of Asian American female college students, such as the increased utilization of treatment services, and implications for future research study.
Impact of the Arts on Public Perception, Comprehension, and Retention of Scientific Research
Authors:   Binghamton University, McLauchlin Ben , Hua Jessica
Published: February 2024

Communicating research to broad audiences is a fundamental task for scientists. Art is hypothesized to be an effective medium for improving public perception of research, as well as student comprehension and retention of scientific discoveries. To test these hypotheses, we first created an interactive art exhibit with 20 original pieces aimed at communicating findings from two recently published papers. Next, to test whether art improves public perception of research, we asked visitors of the art show to fill out surveys about their perception of research before and after visiting the exhibit. Next, using content quizzes, we tested whether interacting with art allowed ecology students to better retain and comprehend scientific findings compared to reading scientific abstracts. Participation in the art exhibit caused a 20% improvement in perception of research for individuals with non-scientific backgrounds. However, participation in the art exhibit was less effective for participants with scientific backgrounds (10% improvement). Next, contrary to our hypothesis, participation in the art exhibit did not improve ecology student comprehension and retention of scientific material. In contrast, students scored the highest when reading abstracts. Collectively, this suggests that the use of art can facilitate scientific appreciation but is most influential with individuals with non-scientific backgrounds.
Waters
Authors:   Binghamton University, Ritter Zachary
Published: February 2024

In the fall semester of 2016, participants in Daniel Thomas Davis’s composition studio were given the opportunity to work with the world-renowned Momenta Quartet. Waters is a string quartet written in anticipation of this collaboration. The piece premiered at the “Momenta: Music Now!” concert on December 2, 2016, at Binghamton University, appearing on the program between Hommage à Abolhasan Saba… by Iranian composer Idin Samini Mofakham and the last piece on the program— Black Angels by George Crumb. In the score there are many expression and technique markings in Italian, which is often the best way to communicate with performers. “Spiccato” is a term that refers to bouncing the bow on the string. “Pizzicato” (or pizz.) refers to plucking the string, as opposed to “arco” (bowing). “Sul Ponticello” (sul pont, SP) and “Sul Tasto” (ST) both refer to where on the string the player places his or her bow: Sul pont (“close to the bridge”), gives a more metallic sound with higher overtones, while Sul tasto (“close to the fingerboard”), mutes the overtones and creates a more ethereal sound. These techniques are found primarily in the third movement, where instruments are constantly shifting between these different sounds, with the viola using circular bowing. The score also calls for the use of harmonics, vibrating the string at one of its natural overtones, which creates a pure, glassy sound, as seen in the beginning of the second movement (Vln II) and at the beginning (Cello) and end (Vln I and II) of the third movement.
A Glitch in the System: Religion as an Agent for Change in Science Fiction
Authors:   Binghamton University, Cornelius Phillip
Published: February 2024

My paper focuses on religion as an ideology that allows for change within science fiction literature, examining religion in Frank Herbert’s Dune trilogy and Octavia Butler’s Parable series. In Herbert’s works, religion disrupts various plans for humanity’s future that direct humanity into complacency, dooming it. Religion, through a jihad, jars these plans, pushing humanity in a new direction that will lead to its survival. In Butler’s works, Lauren Olamina, the protagonist, creates a new religion, Earthseed, in a dystopian near-future. Earthseed clashes with the fundamentalist Christianity present in the word, the former deifying change while the latter encourages regression. It also allows humanity to colonize other planets and escape the dying Earth. Both depictions of religion show the ideological system as disruptive, yet when mapped onto Raymond Williams’ classifications of ideology, distinctions appear. Dune’s religion upholds the structures of empire already existing and becomes incorporated into the dominant ideology. As the post-jihad empire functions as before, the religion is a residual ideology that is either benign to or supports the dominant power structures. Earthseed, by contrast, resists the political conservatism and the fundamentalist Christianity of the dystopian Earth, fulfilling Williams’ definition of a resistant ideology.
Changing Car Culture Towards Carpooling: A Case Study in Binghamton University (Part I: Analysis and Measurement of Potential)
Authors:   Binghamton University, Madubuike Daniella
Published: February 2024

Binghamton University has a parking problem fostered by the car culture adopted by students, which makes cars symbols of independence and status. To alleviate this problem, a carpooling system is identified in this paper as a possible alternative means of transportation. I argue that by analysis and estimation of the potential of carpooling at Binghamton University, the likelihood of success of a system to change car culture from one based on single-occupancy driving to one based on carpooling can be measured. An online survey was sent to undergraduate commuter students to acquire students’ opinions and thoughts. Its 825 responses showed these results: that 80 percent never drive to school for reasons of convenience, accessibility, availability and riding experience; that 68 percent are dissatisfied with parking, while 1 percent report high satisfaction; that carpooling activity is currently low but has high student interest and potential; that 50 percent are comfortable with carpooling, 30 percent are neutral and 20 percent are uncomfortable; and that previous carpooling incentives have been unsuccessful for reasons of non-inventiveness, non-inclusiveness and time consumption. These results show trends in student behavior, student opinions, and student wants and needs, providing the detailed understanding needed to create a successful and effective carpooling system.
"Loving Mean:" How Systemic Racism Produces Dependence on Homeopathy in Toni Morrison’s Home
Authors:   Binghamton University, Tkacikova Victoria
Published: February 2024

This paper will trace how homeopathy operates along the color line of the 1950s and 1960s among African American communities. I will chronicle observations about these communities that produce distrust of modern medicine through Toni Morrison’s Home. Specifically, I will provide background of medical maltreatment through Harriet Washington’s Medical Apartheid, which maps the medical experimentation of African Americans throughout United States history. Then, I will focus on women who treat Cee in Home, who rely on homeopathy and condemn hospitals and drug therapy. I will define Morrison’s term, “loving mean,” and how this type of language operates in the clash of homeopathy and allopathy among the black community. I will use Michel Foucault’s discourse on the objectivity of the patient and, in contrast, how “loving mean” is subjective—the opposite of Foucault’s “medical gaze.” Homeopathy is not necessarily better than modern medicine, but it was the solution derived from unrelenting racism, pathologization, and sexualization of the black female body through eugenics. I will argue that self-preservation and the dark history of medical experimentation produced homeopathic values among the black community and distanced African Americans from embracing modern medicine. I will conclude by discussing continued systemic racism in hospitals and allopathy.
Qualitative Analysis of Alcohol’s Acute Effect on Vocal Range
Authors:   Binghamton University, Landman Scott
Published: February 2024

Alcoholic beverages are the most popular human-produced drinks in history. Whether it is wine, beer, or hard liquor, alcoholic beverages are included in all aspects of society. Presidents, town drunks, and the greatest musical sensations are seen drinking alcoholic beverages both at work and at home. In terms of its effects on individuals, alcohol is deemed to be a poison to the body, and drinking too much can destroy your liver and your body as a whole. This puts public speakers, political leaders, and specifically singers in an odd position when it comes to balancing casual alcohol consumption and retaining their vocal health. Scientific study of this subject is necessary, as well as close consideration of the effects of alcohol on singer’s lives and careers. There is already extensive research pertaining to the chronic effects of alcohol on the body. In terms of acute alcohol ingestion, research does not exist to the same level of detail or quality. The effect of alcohol on vocal range, both chronic and acute, has not been studied thoroughly. Alcohol has many negative effects on the voice. In this study, we suggest that acute alcohol ingestion may decrease the vocal range of individuals.
The Potential for Great White Sharks to Frequent the Long Island Sound
Authors:   Binghamton University, McCarthy Jake
Published: February 2024

There are a few species of sharks that regularly inhabit the coastal waters of Long Island, New York. Rising water temperatures and increasing human/seal populations in the New England/Long Island region have the potential to cause alterations in local species composition, especially as white shark populations continue to grow in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Increased competition may drive species such as sand tiger sharks and white sharks into areas previously thought to house low shark concentrations, such as the Long Island Sound. This work was written so that tourists and the people of New England become informed as to the ever-changing ecology of our aquatic ecosystems. Spotting a shark in the Long Island Sound is now a “once in a blue moon” event, but this may change with alterations in our local ecology.
Comparative Cosmetic Costs: Ancient Roman and Modern American Self-Adornment
Authors:   Binghamton University, Rudock Abagael
Published: February 2024

Women’s cosmetic expenditures and use have been the subject of much interest and comment since the ancient Roman times. Using descriptions of cosmetics from ancient sources paired with modern scientific analysis and experimental archaeology techniques would allow the recreation of ancient cosmetic foundations. With reference to the prices given by Diocletian’s Price Edict of 301 AD, the income share dedicated to cosmetics can be approximated for the ancient Roman woman. Comparing these numerical values to the expenditures of modern women presents an intriguing perspective on women’s continued application of cosmetics.
International Tourism as a Threat to Public Health in Thailand
Authors:   Binghamton University, Lane Liam
Published: February 2024

From its unique history, Thailand has embraced its independence and benefited from its cultural and natural beauty. Transitioning from an agricultural to industrial economy due to the emergence of a strong tourism industry, Thailand has experienced a period of intensive urbanization that has re-shaped Thai lifestyle. Materializing as regional and social disparities, these consequences of industrialization have seemingly divided Thai society, separating those who benefit from the tourism sector while marginalizing those who do not. Additionally, this transition has threatened public health statuses within Thailand, and considering the current tourism trends seen over the past 20 years there is a great need for action and sustainable measures to ensure human health is not adversely affected even more. In this paper, I analyze the history of international tourism in Thailand and argue how this industry has negatively impacted current health statuses (specifically focusing on environmental health, non-communicable diseases, dietary transitions, and medical tourism). Through a review of current literature, this paper highlights the variability of health statuses and the interconnectedness of socioeconomic factors in influencing health and well-being among populations. Policies and programs are not discussed in this paper.
Picturing a Pandemic: Zoe Leonard’s Analogue
Authors:   Binghamton University, Goldberg J. Nathan
Published: February 2024

This paper examines Zoe Leonard’s Analogue and its implications in our contemporary society, tracing a globalized economic system and its perpetuation of inequalities to the present COVID- 19 crisis. I argue that through temporal shifts, her photographs of closed storefront, empty streets, and an interconnected world commerce, Leonard not only depicted a moment at the turn of the twenty-first century, but also created a work that is prescient, one that speaks to our current moment. By exposing the economic system and inequalities that ordinarily remain hidden in our world, Leonard marks a historical juncture of change (that is, the closing of small businesses in NYC) while simultaneously offering us a cautionary tale about the waste and destruction of our now fully interconnected global economic system. In relating Analogue to the current coronavirus pandemic, I explore how these photographs resonate in a present world in which every public space is now as eerie and deserted as the lower east side of Manhattan in the late 1990s, businesses are struggling to survive, and inequalities have been exacerbated. I argue that, despite the historical specificity of what it records, Leonard’s Analogue is prescient because of its ability to inform moments such as the current pandemic. The work subtly suggests that the issues of our contemporary moment are nothing new—in fact, they are driven by the same irrational capitalist system and inequalities that haunted Leonard’s photographs at the turn of the last century.
Climate Warming’s Alteration of Host-Parasite Dynamics
Authors:   Binghamton University, Wu Ting-Hsuan
Published: February 2024

Parasites and pathogens have significant roles in host population control, and thus host-parasite interactions affect biodiversity. The important question reviewed in this paper is how changes in temperature due to climate change affect host-parasite interactions. There is mounting evidence that elevated temperatures have both beneficial and detrimental effects on parasites and independently on hosts. These independent changes result in altered host-parasite dynamics through various mechanisms. If elevated temperatures enhance parasite survival, risk of disease transmission among hosts is enhanced as well. This enhancement is dependent on temperature-induced shifts in the host lifecycle, as asynchrony in host and parasite development can result in decreased infection rate and disrupted disease transmission regardless of the increase in parasite survival and density. Host species differ in their responses to temperature elevation. Increased temperature can alter their susceptibility to parasites through changes in their immune functions. Climate shifts also result in host range shifts. As host ranges expand, they may encounter novel pathogens, increasing the risk of spillovers and resulting in a greater mortality rate. From the point of view of native species, newly arriving host species present the potential danger of introducing novel parasites and diseases, which can be detrimental to native species. For seasonally migratory species whose parasites typically decrease during their absence, any climate-induced increase in their parasites’ survival prior to their return may decrease the effectiveness of migration, shift their lifestyle to become more sedentary and thus reshape host-parasite dynamic. Altered balance of host-parasite interactions produces changes at higher ecological levels, and the efforts to conserve parasites should thus have the same priority as the need to conserve host species.
Armenian Genocide Art as Evidence of its Existence
Authors:   Binghamton University, Kachadourian Jacqueline
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the relationship between art and the Armenian Genocide, and how art can be used as evidence for catastrophic events. The artwork created by survivors and descendants of the Armenian Genocide show what the Armenian people endured in order to survive the Ottoman Turks attempt to annihilate them. The Armenian Genocide has yet to be recognized as a genocide by many powerful countries including the United States of America, and has been denied of its existence by the Turkish government. However, the creation of art surrounding the topic of the Armenian Genocide rejects the attempt to remove the Armenian Genocide from history, and ultimately sheds light on this neglected moment in history.
Land Acknowledgement
Authors:   Binghamton University, Falk Joela
Published: February 2024

Opening conference remarks about the importance of land acknowledgement.
A Message from the Guest Editor
Authors:   Binghamton University, Imbruce Valerie , Cagle Adelaide
Published: February 2024

A message from the Guest Editor
An Observation of the Two Rivers Greenway
Authors:   Binghamton University, McKenna William
Published: February 2024

This piece offers a history of the the Two Rivers Greenway in downtown Binghamton, NY based on project plans and the author's personal observations.
An Observation of the South Washington Street Bridge
Authors:   Binghamton University, Desai Priya
Published: February 2024

This piece offers a history of the South Washington Bridge in downtown Binghamton, NY based on fire insurance maps and the author's personal observations.
The Strong Female Character and The Fighting Fuck Toy: A Comparative Analysis of Katniss and Glimmer in The Hunger Games
Authors:   Binghamton University, Corso Emily
Published: February 2024

Katniss Everdeen has been praised by scholars for empowering of young girls, for instance, in Girl Warriors: Feminist Revisions of the Hero’s Quest in Contemporary Popular Culture (2019), Svenja Hohenstein applauds Katniss for “challeng[ing] the conventions found in traditional quest stories” (78). However, Katniss is not only characterized by and praised for her traditionally masculine traits, but she is also surrounded by numerous female characters who exhibit traditional femininity in order to emphasize the contrast between Katniss and the women in the book. One of the most salient contrasts is Glimmer, a career tribute from District 1 who, according to the rules of the novel, should be one of the most dangerous competitors in the arena. However, Glimmer is is repeatedly portrayed as incredibly incompetent, as well as hyperfeminine and hypersexualized. The novel elevates Katniss for her masculine qualities, while at the same time diminishing other characters such as Glimmer by portraying her as weaker or inferior to Katniss because they embody more traditionally feminine qualities. Thus, although the novel succeeds at presenting an independent and capable young woman in the form of Katniss, it does so by maintaining the idea that traditionally masculine characteristics like stoicism, violence, toughness, and rugged individualism are superior to traditionally feminine characteristics, such as empathy, compassion, emotional intelligence, and community-mindedness.
Managing Editor's Note 2022
Authors:   Binghamton University, Jaeger Vanessa
Published: February 2024

A note from the managing editor about BUUJ 8.1
Analyzing The Contribution of Western Acculturation to The Socio-Economic Disenfranchisement of Pakistani Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Authors:   Binghamton University, Ali Muhammad Murtaza
Published: February 2024

The impact of acculturation on the West has primarily been explored through the favorable and adverse effects of immigration. However, the conversation surrounding the impact of western acculturation on the rest of the world is relatively undeveloped. Here, on the basis that acculturation is the adoption of cultural practices and can exist without the physical presence of a dominant culture, the impact of western acculturation will be associated with the socioeconomic disenfranchisement of an overseas population: Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates. More specifically, free education and western media are identified as mechanisms of western acculturation. Both media induced and free education induced acculturation constitute a level of agreeability that acclimates workers to the social structure of the capitalistic business model employed in the UAE. Media induced acculturation directly predisposes Pakistani expatriates in the UAE to the socioeconomic disenfranchisement that accompanies the power dynamic in the social structure of the capitalistic business model. Education models in the UAE institutionalize western acculturation, possibly leading to socioeconomic disenfranchisement and deep-rooted cultural change. Deep-rooted cultural change becomes imperative when considering the promotion of globalization in that although globalization may provide a broader cultural perspective, it can also eliminate cultures via acculturation-induced cultural dominance.
Young Adult and Canonical Literature Instruction in the High School Classroom: Assessing Students’ Reading Interest
Authors:   Binghamton University, Yang Alexis
Published: February 2024

In the high school English classroom, classic novels are taught as cornerstones of the curriculum. Although these canonical works such as To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) are revered for their literary merit, students often find them boring and skim through the readings or decline to read altogether. Young adult literature (YAL), a genre written for teens, may be an effective genre to teach in high school to boost students’ reading interest. This study aims to determine how teaching young adult literature in the high school classroom, as opposed to canonical works, might affect students’ interest in the texts. A survey was administered to 57 high school students ages 15-17, studying YAL in the Southern Tier region of upstate New York. The survey asked students to describe their interest in an assigned YAL book and compare it to their interest in canonical novels that they have read in the past. Results indicate that teaching a combination of YAL and canonical literature may increase students’ reading interest while also broadening their understanding and worldviews. Potential implications of this research include revising the English literature curriculum to accommodate students’ reading interest and diversifying assigned reading lists to incorporate wider cultural perspectives.
El reconocimiento de antropologías feministas y rebeldes provenientes de territorios periféricos
Authors: Díaz Iñigo Carolina Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

El libro Antropologías feministas en rebeldía en Chiapas y Centroamérica de Marisa Ruiz Trejo recorre importantes debates sobre los feminismos, la antropología y las ciencias sociales. A través de la recuperación de trabajos soterrados de investigadoras, antropólogas, escritoras y etnógrafas rebeldes en contextos periféricos, la autora cristaliza una apuesta política feminista que busca reivindicar las fructíferas contribuciones a la antropología de las mujeres de una región cuya realidad las inspiró a construir conocimientos situados, comprometidos y encarnados. Estos aportes constituyen un cuestionamiento profundo al androcentrismo arraigado en las formas canónicas de producir conocimiento en los campos de la antropología y las ciencias sociales. Al mismo tiempo, nos invita a plantear la búsqueda de nuevas preguntas y debates en los feminismos en rebeldía, lo anterior en diálogo con previas y actuales generaciones de investigadoras feministas.
Responsabilidad estatal por el crimen de genocidio
Authors: Arrocha Olabuenaga Pablo A.
Published: February 2024

En este artículo se hace un análisis sobre las formas en las que el crimen de genocidio puede ser atribuido a un Estado generando que éste incurra en responsabilidad internacional. Para ello, se estudian los elementos que componen al crimen de genocidio así como las reglas de atribución de actos ilícitos a los Estados. Finalmente, se analiza un caso concreto sobre la materia que fue resuelto por la Corte Internacional de Justicia.