bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Pregnancy Status in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and their Partners
Authors: Cabalak Mehmet , Karapınar Oya Soylu , El Cigdem
Published: December 2024

Background:

HIV is a globally prevalent infection for which there is currently no cure
or vaccine. As the number of individuals with HIV infection increases, so does the number of individuals
wishing to have children despite being infected. This situation has highlighted issues related
to couples where one partner is infected while the other is not (serodiscordant couples) and couples
where both partners are positive. Major issues include pregnancy complications, transmission
to the child, and potential side effects of the ART treatment on the health of the child. Women living
with HIV who become pregnant or contract the virus during pregnancy are at risk for both maternal
and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially if the virus is not adequately controlled.
Additionally, there is a risk of vertical transmission through breastfeeding during pregnancy and
postpartum. To mitigate the consequences of HIV during pregnancy, it is ideal to start with prepregnancy
counseling and plan pregnancies during periods of minimal viral load using appropriate
methods.

Aims and Objective:

There are limited studies and shared experiences regarding fertility status
and issues of HIV/AIDS patients, especially in Turkey. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the
fertility status of HIV/AIDS patients and their partners followed up in our clinic, shed light on the
encountered issues, and share our experiences.

Methods:

This retrospective, observational, single-center cross-sectional study included
HIV/AIDS patients and their partners followed at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (MKÜ) Medical
Faculty Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. Demographic data of the patients,
their sexual orientations, HIV/AIDS status of their partners and children, treatments received,
CD4 cell counts, and viral load data were retrospectively obtained from the automation system of
our hospital and patient files.

Results:

Among the couples, there were 21 pairs where both partners were HIV positive, 10 pairs
where the woman was HIV positive and the man was seronegative (serodiscordant), and 5 pairs
where the man was HIV positive and the woman was seronegative. In our study, eight couples
with both partners HIV positive had nine children, and six couples with women who were HIV
positive (serodiscordant) had ten children. The five couples with men who were HIV positive
(serodiscordant) had six children. No vertical transmission was observed in our study, but three patients
did not attend regular follow-ups. During the follow-up period, no seroconversion was detected
in the partners of serodiscordant patients. The average gestational age was 38 weeks, and
the average birth weight was 2873 ± 349 grams.

Conclusion:

Our study found no vertical transmission and no seroconversion in partners of
serodiscordant couples. Issues related to pregnancy in HIV-positive couples can be managed with
pre-pregnancy counseling by specialists, protective methods, appropriate ART, and perinatal follow-
up.
Towards Explainable Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Fusion of Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Enhanced Weighted Fuzzy C-Mean
Authors: Vetrithangam D. , Arunadevi B. , Pegada Naresh Kumar , Mehta Anshu , Kumar Puneet , Neha  , Parihar Parul , Selvakumar Subramanian
Published: December 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, posing a significant challenge for
individuals and society. Early detection and treatment are essential for effective disease management.

Objective:

The objective of this research is to develop a novel and interpretable deep learning model for rapid and accurate Alzheimer's disease detection,
incorporating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. The model aims to ensure generalizability through cross-validation and data
augmentation, while enhancing interpretability and transparency by using Explainable Artificial Intelligence methods such as Grad-CAM, SHAP,
and LIME, alongside an Enhanced Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm to clarify feature categorization and improve understanding of the model's
decision-making process.

Methods:

The proposed model employs a multi-stage approach. Initially, MRI scans are transformed into feature vectors suitable for input into a Deep
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Subsequently, an Enhanced Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) algorithm, incorporating spatial information, refines
these features to improve clustering precision. The model integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques, including Grad-CAM, SHAP,
and LIME, to elucidate critical features and regions influencing classification outcomes. The performance metrics such as Accuracy, Recall and
Specificity are used for assessing the performance of the model.

Results:

The XAI-DEF Alzheimer's disease detection model consistently demonstrated exceptional performance across both the ADNI and OASIS datasets.
On ADNI, the model achieved an accuracy of 99.39%, recall of 99.47%, and specificity of 99.3%. Similarly, on OASIS, the model attained an
accuracy of 99.36%, recall of 99.53%, and specificity of 99.15%. These results underscore the model's effectiveness in accurately classifying
Alzheimer's disease cases while minimizing false positives and negatives.

Conclusion:

Through the development of this model, we contribute to the advancement of dependable diagnostic tools tailored for the detection and
management of Alzheimer's disease. By prioritizing interpretability alongside accuracy, our approach provides valuable insights into the decisionmaking
process of the model, ultimately improving patient outcomes and facilitating further research in neurodegenerative disorders.
Multi-modal Medical Image Fusion Approach Utilizing Gradient Domain Guided Image Filtering
Authors: Sun Menghui , Zhu Xiaoliang , Niu Yunzhen , Li Yang , Wen Mengke
Published: December 2024

Background:

Currently, most multimodal medical image fusion techniques focus solely on integrating the edge details of image features, often overlooking color
preservation from the source images. Hence, this paper proposes a multi-channel fusion algorithm based on gradient domain-guided image
filtering.

Purpose:

This study aims to enhance the color preservation of source images in multimodal medical image fusion algorithms.

Methods:

Utilizing gradient field-guided image filters for image smoothing, the process involves constructing different image layers, decomposing using
wavelet transforms, and downsampling. Various fusion rules are then applied before inverse wavelet transformation.

Results:

Regarding MSE, CCI, PSNR, SSIM, DD, SM, and other metrics, the proposed algorithm consistently ranks highest compared to alternative
methods.

Conclusion:

Through both subjective and objective analyses, experimental results substantiate the significant edge-preserving effects of the proposed fusion
algorithm while effectively maintaining image fidelity and spectral integrity.
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: A Journey from Soil to Commercial Application
Authors: Narwal Ekta , Garg Amar P. , Choudhary Jairam , Naresh R. K.
Published: December 2024

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations between fungi and
plants. Mycorrhizal associations are believed to be established between the Ordovician
and Devonian periods. The mycorrhizal association is prevalent in almost all
ecosystems with a high degree of host specificity. About 40,000–50,000 fungal species
colonize the roots of nearly about 250,000 plant species. These symbiotic relations
benefit associated plants by providing up to 80% of N and P and also help in plant
growth and fitness by different mechanisms. A look into the recent literature suggests
that mycorrhizal fungi are not only involved in improving crop yield but also increase
the quality of products through the increase in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential
trace elements in plants. Due to eco-friendly and sustainable aspects, widespread
research and industrial applications of AM fungi are trending in today’s world. During
recent years of urbanization and industrialization, the concentration of trace elements
has increased in soil and water. Recovery of contaminated areas is very crucial as it
may get into the food chain and the process is generally complex. For this, mycorrhizae
have evolved as an efficient and sustainable aspect. Ecological restoration of mining
sites using AM fungi is considered necessary and useful.AMF displays significant positive effects, such as increased plant survival under
unfavourable growth conditions, enhanced growth and nutrition, improved soil
structure and quality, and greater plant re-establishment. Implementation of various
molecular techniques and advanced scientific knowledge on AM fungal symbioses,
mycorrhizal biotechnology has reached various application domains such as
horticulture, agriculture, soil reclamation, bioremediation, gardening, landscaping, and
other areas of the plant market.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Association with Plants: Beneficial for Growth, Yield and Stress Management
Authors: Awadhiya Prachi , Gupta Ruchi , Baghel Prachi Singh , Verma Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Abiotic pressures interfere with plant growth and production. Climate
change and agricultural stress, including the overuse of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, have worsened the effects of abiotic stress on crop yields and damaged
ecosystems and their environment. There is an urgent need for environmentally
friendly management techniques such as the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(AMF) to increase crop productivity. AMF is best accepted as a biofertilizer.
Additionally, it is broadly believed that the inclusion of AMF provides plant tolerance
to a variety of stressful conditions such as temperature, salt, drought, and metals. AMF
can provide essential plant nutrients that can hold plants, resulting in enhanced growth
and harvest under less stressful and oppressive conditions. The role of AMF as a
biofertilizer may improve plant flexibility in a changing environment. Therefore,
further research focusing on promoting and producing plant quality produced by AMF
is needed. The current review provides an in-depth knowledge of AMF and its impact
on plants beyond the various stages of growth and, consequently, the importance of the
relationship between different plant nutrients and AMF.
Microbial Proteases: Importance in Crop Yield Improvement
Authors: Awadhiya Prachi , Baghel Prachi Singh , Verma Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Proteases are degradative enzymes, which catalyze the total hydrolysis of
proteins. Advances in analytical techniques have demonstrated that proteases conduct
highly specific and selective modifications of proteins such as the activation of
zymogenic forms of enzymes by limited proteolysis blood clotting and processing and
transport of secretory proteins across the membranes. The main sources of proteases
are animals, plants, and microbes. Proteases from microbial sources are preferred to
enzymes from plant and animal sources since they possess almost all the characteristics
desired for their biotechnological applications. Proteases are further categorized as
serine proteases, Aspartic proteases, cysteine proteases or metalloproteases –
depending on their catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, proteases are also classified based
on their pH –being acidic, neutral or alkaline proteases. Microbial proteases have
numerous applications in different sectors like leather, detergent, food, photographic
industry, etc.
Nutritional Value and Nutraceutical Properties of Mushrooms
Authors: Bahukhandi Diwakar
Published: December 2024

Mushrooms are fleshy or macro fungi, belong to a special group in
biological science, the Mycota and their descriptive science is called Mycology.
Mushrooms have considerable interest in the most important civilizations in history
because of their sensory characteristics. They have been recognized for their attractive
culinary attributes. Presently mushrooms are common valuable foods because they
have low calories, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium and are cholesterol-less vegetables.
Besides, mushrooms have important nutrients, and are rich in selenium, potassium,
riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, proteins, and fiber. Mushrooms have healing capacities
and many properties of traditional medicines. They act as anti-fungal, antibacterial,
immune system enhancers and cholesterol-lowering agents, and also are an important
source of bioactive compounds. Due to the presence of these properties, a variety of
mushroom extracts are used to promote human health and are found as dietary
supplements. It has been reported that mushrooms have beneficial effects on health and
are a good source of treatment for some diseases and disorders. Some of the
nutraceutical properties in mushrooms are seen in the treatment of hypertension, high
risk of stroke, Alzheimer’s, in reducing the likelihood of cancer invasion and
metastasis due to anti-tumoral attributes. Although there are a number of mushroom
varieties having nutritional and nutraceutical properties, mostly are collected from
nature (wild), whereas a few are cultivated on marginal and commercial label. Agaricus
bisporus, species of Lentinula (Lentinus), Volvariella, Pleurotus, Calocybe,
Auricularia, Flammulina, Ganoderma, Schizophyllum, Trametes and few others are
among cultivated varieties in India and abroad. Considering the tremendous nutritional
and medicinal qualities of different groups of these fleshy fungi, the cultivation of
different varieties of mushrooms is increasing globally day by day.
A Synergistic Metagenomics Approach to Bioinoculants
Authors: Waoo Ashwini A.
Published: December 2024

Sustainable farming is an emerging trend in recent decades to improve
ecosystem health. However, little is known about to what extent and how this process
affects the taxonomic diversity and functional capacities of above-ground microbes.
Consequently, a metagenomics approach was applied to investigate how agricultural
management practices, including organic, and conventional management, govern the
structure and function of soil microbial communities. In a metagenome analysis,
farming practices are strongly influenced by taxonomic and functional microbial
diversity, and interactions of microbes. In agricultural soil, the most complex microbial
network was observed that can be used for bioinoculant production and their
applications for bioremediation of contaminated agricultural soil, indicating a strong
resilience of the microbial community to withstand environmental stresses.The metagenomics of soils can provide an assessment of the largely untapped genetic
resources of soil microbial communities independent of cultivation for bioinoculant
production. Novel biomolecules and genes have been identified by this approach. It
also helps to study the metabolism of microorganisms that change in response to
different environmental conditions. This chapter describes the use of these novel tools
in the exploration of soil microbiota and its use to innovate new farming practices for a
sustainable environment. Soil microbial communities are the most complex of any other microbial communities.
Methods based on sequencing remain the most effective way to analyze soil
metagenomes. Future strategies to overcome this difficulty include comparative
sequence analysis using soil metagenome sequences to identify microbial enzymes and
novel bioactivities. The Metagenomics approach provides benefits over the restrictions
of culture-dependent procedures along with the study of the community structure and
function of microbes in the soil.
On the Biocompatibility of Bioactive Glasses (BGs)
Authors: Kargozar Saeid , Baino Francesco , Westhauser Fabian
Published: December 2024

Bioactive glasses (BGs) form a versatile class of biocompatible materials
that can be utilized for various therapeutic strategies, including bone tissue engineering,
soft tissue healing, and cancer therapy. Commonly, BGs are classified into three
distinct categories, namely silicate, phosphate, and borate glasses. Several commercial
BG-based products are now available on the market, and new generations with unique
therapeutic features are also expected to introduce them in the near future. Due to their
clinical significance, the biological behaviors of BGs have been one of the most
interesting topics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although BGs are
generally recognized as biocompatible materials in medicine, any new composition and
formulation should be carefully tested through a series of standard in vitro and in vivo
tests provided by international agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration (FDA))
and regulatory bodies (e.g., the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)).
As a rule of thumb, the release of ionic dissolution products from BGs into the
surrounding biological environment is regarded as the main parameter that modulates
cellular and molecular phenomena. This process is even more crucial when specific
elements (strontium, copper, etc.) are added to the basic composition of BGs to
improve their physico-chemical properties, mechanical strength, and biological
performance. Moreover, it is now well-established that some physical (e.g., the
topography) aspects of BGs can directly affect their compatibility with the living
systems (cells and tissues). Therefore, a multifaceted design and testing approach
should be applied while synthesizing BGs in the laboratory, and the collaboration of
materials and chemical engineers with biologists and medical experts can be really
helpful for producing optimized formulations.
Windows Forensics and Registry Analysis
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

The evidence we seek in today's digital environment frequently resides in
computer systems. The basic knowledge and abilities needed to carry out an extensive
Windows forensics investigation are provided to readers in this chapter. We start by
building a solid foundation of the fundamentals of Windows forensics. Methods for
gathering volatile data, which is kept in memory, as well as non-volatile data, such as
files and system records, are investigated. We then explore the skill of interpreting this
abundance of data. The chapter will teach readers how to mine a variety of Windows
data sources, such as program data, system configuration files, and user activity logs,
for important evidence. Turning the page, the chapter presents the Windows Registry,
an essential part that protects the configuration secrets of the operating system.
Methods for examining both static and dynamic registry hives are offered, enabling
detectives to find concealed proof of malicious activity or system alterations. Looking
into internet browser history is a necessary step in any digital inquiry. To find possible
leads and user activity patterns, this chapter walks readers through the process of
extracting and analyzing web browser history, cookies, and cached data. This chapter
provides readers with the necessary knowledge to enable them to extract and analyze
digital evidence from Windows PCs with ease. This information is crucial for forensic
investigations to be clear and for finding the truth.
Network Forensics
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

In the ever-expanding digital landscape, network security breaches pose a
significant threat. Network forensics emerges as a vital weapon in the cybersecurity
arsenal, enabling the investigation and analysis of network traffic to uncover evidence
of malicious activity. This chapter delves into the core principles of network forensics,
outlining the four-stage process: acquisition, preservation, analysis, and reporting. It
equips readers with the knowledge to identify and collect various types of network
evidence, including packet headers, network logs, and flow data. The chapter explores
a range of open-source tools readily available on platforms like GitHub, empowering
readers with the ability to capture and analyze network traffic using Wireshark and
Bro. Furthermore, it acknowledges the inherent challenges faced in network forensics,
such as the fleeting nature of network data and the growing use of encryption. To
ensure the legality and effectiveness of investigations, the chapter emphasizes the
importance of adhering to relevant laws and regulations. By understanding these
essential concepts, readers gain valuable insights into how network forensics empowers
cybersecurity professionals to combat digital crimes and safeguard network security.
Unmasking Web Browser Artifacts
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

Web browser forensics plays a crucial role in digital investigations, offering
insights into an individual's online activities and behavior. This chapter delves into the
intricacies of web browser forensics, exploring methodologies, tools, and challenges
encountered in extracting and analysing data from various browsers. Through a
comprehensive examination, this chapter aims to equip forensic professionals and
researchers with the necessary knowledge and techniques to effectively conduct
investigations involving web browsers. This chapter provides a comprehensive
overview of web browser forensics, encompassing methodologies, tools, challenges,
and best practices. By equipping forensic professionals and researchers with the
requisite knowledge and techniques, this chapter aims to enhance the efficacy and
accuracy of investigations involving web browsers, ultimately contributing to the
advancement of the forensic field.
Anti-forensics Techniques
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

Anti Forensics is a collection of methods and approaches to obstruct and
avoid Digital Forensic investigations. For legal purposes, like criminal investigations or
civil lawsuits, Digital Forensics includes gathering, preserving, analyzing, and
presenting digital evidence. To make it more difficult for Forensic analysts to
reconstruct events, assign acts to particular people, or prove guilt or innocence, people
or organizations use Anti-Forensic strategies to obfuscate, distort, or delete digital
evidence. The chapter presents techniques procedures and countermeasures for digital
anti-forensics. The chapter also discusses anti-forensics ethical and legal ramifications.
Practical Digital Forensics: A Guide for Windows and Linux Users
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Singh Pradeep , Prasad Ajay
Published: December 2024

Practical Digital Forensics: A Guide for Windows and Linux Users is a comprehensive resource for novice and experienced digital forensics investigators. This guide offers detailed step-by-step instructions, case studies, and real-world examples to help readers conduct investigations on both Windows and Linux operating systems. It covers essential topics such as configuring a forensic lab, live system analysis, file system and registry analysis, network forensics, and anti-forensic techniques. The book is designed to equip professionals with the skills to extract and analyze digital evidence, all while navigating the complexities of modern cybercrime and digital investigations.

Key Features:
- Forensic principles for both Linux and Windows environments.
- Detailed instructions on file system forensics, volatile data acquisition, and network traffic analysis.
- Advanced techniques for web browser and registry forensics.
- Addresses anti-forensics tactics and reporting strategies.
Interactions of Nanoparticles with Lipid and Cell Membranes
Authors: Awale Rohit
Published: December 2024

The interactions between nanoparticles and lipid or cell membranes are of paramount importance in the realms of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, exhibit dynamic interactions upon contact with biological membranes. These interactions include adsorption, penetration, and potential disruption of lipid bilayers. Such interactions play a crucial role in drug delivery systems, enabling precise targeting and controlled release of therapeutic agents. However, these interactions also raise concerns about nanoparticle toxicity due to potential membrane damage. A deeper understanding of these intricate processes is essential for harnessing the benefits of nanoparticles while ensuring their safety in biomedical applications.
A digital twin framework for prediction, monitoring, and diagnosis in copper tube extrusion
Authors: SABATAKAKIS Kyriakos
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The strict quality requirements, the increased production rates, variability, and volume constitute challenges in the quality of extruded profiles. State-of-practice methods cannot track down or mitigate all the product features and defects, thus increasing scrap generation and reducing production flexibility. Nevertheless, State-of-the-art approaches are few and dedicated to the product rather than the actual process with the last being researched in terms of process modeling. This study assesses the adoption level of I4.0 technologies in extrusion applications and it applies well-established practices across manufacturing to outline a Digital Twin framework for Prediction, Monitoring, and Diagnosis in the case of copper tube extrusion.
Experimental investigation of direct co-extrusion for bimetallic tubes
Authors: KARANTZA Konstantina D.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The current study aims to investigate the parallel direct extrusion of bimetallic tubes with a variable thickness ratio of the tubular layers. The bimetallic specimens consist of an aluminum tube as the inner layer and a copper one as the outer layer. Initially, quasi-static compressive tests are performed for the two utilized materials to estimate the fundamental material compressive properties. Following, the extrusion experiments are conducted and the load-displacement curves and the morphology of the final bitubes are examined. Also, the sliding of each tubular layer is evaluated by measuring their length. Finally, greater thickness in the outer pure-Cu tube reveals higher peak force and later material exit from the die, while the extrusion load depends proportionally on the total thickness. The aluminum inner tubes showed greater elongation than the outer copper ones, while reduced sliding was observed in the case of increased extrusion load due to the implementation of co-extruded bonding between the two layers.
A deep learning approach for automated inspection of 3D printed orodispersible films
Authors: TSINTAVI E.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This work aims at demonstrating the applicability of additive manufacturing and machine vision technologies for the on-demand manufacture of customized medicinal products at the point of need, while conforming to fundamental quality guidelines such as cGood Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs), Quality by Design (QbD) as well as Quality Risk Management (QRM) and assuring product quality. The adopted approach combines a 3D printing process for orodispersible films and a deep neural network model in order to develop an automated quality control system for defect detection. The orodispersible films were manufactured using an off-the-shelf 3D printer equipped with a modified semisolids printhead, with Warfarin Sodium (C19H15NaO4) selected as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The dose could be accurately regulated by varying the rectangular film’s dimensions. Three different defect types were considered, corresponding to layer shifting, incomplete prints and inclusion of bubbles within the film, respectively. A pretrained convolutional neural network (GoogleNet) was fine-tuned to perform the defect classification of the 3D printed films, which after data augmentation and hyperparameter tuning, achieved an accuracy of up to 100% in detecting conforming and not conforming products.
Application of recycled carbon fibre to develop new products
Authors: SALES-CONTINI RCM
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This work deals with the pyrolysis recycling process used to produce the recycled carbon fibres and their application in several areas: sustainable energy, aeronautical prototypes and even consumer goods developed by the DAMA Laboratory (Development and Advanced Materials Application Laboratory) at FATEC-SJC in Brazil. Composite materials made from recycled carbon fibre were produced using conventional manufacturing processes such as manual impregnation and vacuum bagging combined with oven heating. As the result shows, the recycled carbon fibre use is feasible, but the product's final validation requires testing to prove the performance of the recycled fibre.
XYZ calibration cube - A misleading tool for achieving print accuracy
Authors: ERMOLAI Vasile
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Various factors influence the dimensional accuracy in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The kinematic system is a major influential factor, as the motion precision depends on the implemented solution. Kinematics have a direct influence on equipment costs. The FFF 3D printing market has abundant equipment options, from low-cost to high-end solutions. The filament extrusion precision and the shrinkage induced by the thermal contractions are other influential factors for the resulting parts' quality. Nowadays, the XYZ cube is the calibration benchmark. This cube is used to adjust the dimensional accuracy of the resulting parts. The deficiency with the calibration cubes is that they allow only the measurement of external dimensions, which makes the calibration useless when tolerancing the internal features or scaling. This paper discusses the limitations of the accuracy calibration method using the XYZ cube and possible solutions to overcome them.
Development of an algorithm for application for automated selection of a rational technological process
Authors: Peneva Teodora
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Within the framework of modern industrial requirements, the selection of rational technological processes is becoming more and more critical to maintain competitiveness and innovativeness of different types of production. This paper describes the development of an algorithm and software application designed for rational technological process selection. The algorithm and the application are using developed methodology with a mathematical model for comparative analysis and selection of a technological process. The software application facilitates the prioritization of different production aspects and supports strategic decision making through automated comparison and evaluation of alternative technological processes. In addition to providing accurate criteria evaluation, the algorithm will demonstrate high flexibility in adapting to changing production conditions and requirements. The study highlights the practical applicability of the algorithm in various manufacturing environments and discusses potential challenges and directions for future development of the system.
Experimental research on the analysis of the stress and strain state of a pressure pipe
Authors: GHEORGHE-COSMIN Ciocoiu
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The paper represents an experimental analysis of the state of mechanical stresses and specific linear deformations specific to a cylindrical structure, with defects. The main purpose of the work is to highlight the state of stress and strain at the pre-established measurement points, in order to identify areas with defects or discontinuities where the equipment can fail. The damage to the structural integrity of a pressure equipment can be influenced by the material and geometry of the equipment, working parameters, structural defects or discontinuities, and knowing the stress condition is also a target for safe operation. In this case, electroresistive tensometry and the finite element method (FEM) were used.
Optimization of the 3D visualization process when adding additional elements in the design of an existing interior
Authors: TODOROVA Tsveta
Published: December 2024

Abstract.This report describes a method for improving the design of an existing interior and its visualization without the need to model all elements anew in a 3D interior project. Through a mobile photogrammetry application, we scan the room in a very short time and then add the desired changes to the interior in a 3D modeling software. In this way, we save a lot of time and value for making the 3D visualization, and the final result is as close as possible to the existing interior.
Addressing surface quality via seam alignment parametrization
Authors: IRIMIA Alexandru-Ionuț
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing technology that uses molten thermoplastic material to build parts layer-wise. Any of the part's constituent layers is obtained through multiple passes of the extrusion heat. An external contour or perimeter and an internal geometry characterize each layer. This external contour is defined by a start-point, an extrusion path, and an end-point, which coincides with the starting point. The overlap between the extrusion path's start and the end-point is known as z-seam alignment or seam. By default, the slicing algorithms place the seams at sharp corners or hidden edges to hide possible imperfections such as blobs and zits. Unfortunately, seam hiding is more difficult for curved surfaces without linear transitions. As a result, the curved surface printed parts show visible seams of the external contour, affecting the part's aesthetics. In this regard, this study aims to reduce some of those limitations by systematically fine-tuning the seam-related parameters.
PENGARUH LITERASI WAKAF TERHADAP MINAT MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DALAM WAKAF PRODUKTIF
Authors: Rahfi Alif Dihza
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of waqf literacy on the productive waqf interest of Muslim communities in Malang City, as well as to explore the role of control variables such as gender, age, and income in this relationship. A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling to select a sample of 100 respondents from the Muslim community in Malang City. Data were collected through questionnaires focusing on measuring waqf literacy and productive waqf interest. Data analysis involved simple regression to test the relationship between waqf literacy and productive waqf interest, and hypothesis testing to examine the significance of control variables.  The results indicate that waqf literacy significantly influences productive waqf interest (β = 0.295, p < 0.001). Control variables, such as gender dan income also affect productive waqf interest, with males showing higher interest compared to females. Meanwhile, Age did not significantly influence productive waqf interest in this study. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing community participation in productive waqf, with practical implications for the development of inclusive education and socialization programs tailored to the needs of the Muslim community in Malang City.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM RUMAH TAHFIDZ (STUDI KASUS PADA LAZNAS PPPA DAARUL QUR’AN MALANG)
Authors: Dewi Trisna
Published: December 2024

The Zakat, Infaq, Alms Fund (ZIS) functions to channel funds to community groups who are unable or mustahik in community empowerment or are only given consumptive funds for direct consumption. ZIS funds can also be channeled for educational costs in the form of scholarships for poor people. This research aims to determine community empowerment through the tahfidz house program at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Malang. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research is an activity that requires conducting a survey in the field to identify information and conditions carried out there. For this reason, the appropriate approach is qualitative because it can reveal various information with careful and meaningful description-analysis, providing complex details about phenomena that are difficult to express. the tahfidz house program at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Malang makes a significant contribution to community empowerment, especially in the field of education.
Determinants of e-grocery purchase retention and buyer profiling: A developing country perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia, Kuppusamy Jayanty , Angusamy Ajitha ,   Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia, Raman Kavitha ,   Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-grocery, leading to a steady increase in e-grocery shoppers worldwide. E-grocery businesses, having invested in their operations, rely on continuous sales growth. However, few studies focus on purchase retention or shopper profiles within Malaysia's e-grocery sector. This study aims to address these gaps. Its objectives are to identify factors that influence e-grocery purchase retention and to profile e-grocery buyers. A total of 200 responses were gathered using convenience sampling. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 28), employing independent t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Factors such as convenience, product availability, perceived security, efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy were found to impact purchase retention. Additionally, demographic factors like spending level and prior e-grocery experience showed a significant positive relationship with purchase retention. Gender differences in retention were also noted, and spending and e-grocery experience positively correlated with convenience, perceived security, efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy. Age, however, was negatively correlated with product availability. This research offers valuable insights for e-grocery retailers aiming to enhance their operations and provides a foundation for future research on this topic.
Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparison Study
Authors: Jin Hye Kyung , Kim EunYoung
Published: December 2024

Background

ChatGPT, a recently developed artificial intelligence chatbot and a notable large language model, has demonstrated improved performance on medical field examinations. However, there is currently little research on its efficacy in languages other than English or in pharmacy-related examinations.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of GPT models on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination (KPLE).

Methods

We evaluated the percentage of correct answers provided by 2 different versions of ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) for all multiple-choice single-answer KPLE questions, excluding image-based questions. In total, 320, 317, and 323 questions from the 2021, 2022, and 2023 KPLEs, respectively, were included in the final analysis, which consisted of 4 units: Biopharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy, Clinical and Practical Pharmacy, and Medical Health Legislation.

Results

The 3-year average percentage of correct answers was 86.5% (830/960) for GPT-4 and 60.7% (583/960) for GPT-3.5. GPT model accuracy was highest in Biopharmacy (GPT-3.5 77/96, 80.2% in 2022; GPT-4 87/90, 96.7% in 2021) and lowest in Medical Health Legislation (GPT-3.5 8/20, 40% in 2022; GPT-4 12/20, 60% in 2022). Additionally, when comparing the performance of artificial intelligence with that of human participants, pharmacy students outperformed GPT-3.5 but not GPT-4.

Conclusions

In the last 3 years, GPT models have performed very close to or exceeded the passing threshold for the KPLE. This study demonstrates the potential of large language models in the pharmacy domain; however, extensive research is needed to evaluate their reliability and ensure their secure application in pharmacy contexts due to several inherent challenges. Addressing these limitations could make GPT models more effective auxiliary tools for pharmacy education.
Projections of Climate Change Impact on Acute Heat Illnesses in Taiwan: Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Yang Hsiao-Yu , Wu Chang-Fu , Tsai Kun-Hsien
Published: December 2024

Background

With global warming, the number of days with extreme heat is expected to increase and may cause more acute heat illnesses. While decreasing emissions may mitigate the climate impacts, its effectiveness in reducing acute heat illnesses remains uncertain. Taiwan has established a real-time epidemic surveillance and early warning system to monitor acute heat illnesses since January 1, 2011. Predicting the number of acute heat illnesses requires forecasting temperature changes that are influenced by adaptation policies.

Objective

The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in the number of acute heat illnesses under different adaptation policies.

Methods

We obtained the numbers of acute heat illnesses in Taiwan from January 2011 to July 2023 using emergency department visit data from the real-time epidemic surveillance and early warning system. We used segmented linear regression to identify the join point as a nonoptimal temperature threshold. We projected the temperature distribution and excess acute heat illnesses through the end of the century when Taiwan adopts the “Sustainability (shared socioeconomic pathways 1‐2.6 [SSP1-2.6]),” “Middle of the road (SSP2-4.5),” “Regional rivalry (SSP3-7.0),” and “Fossil-fueled development (SSP5-8.5)” scenarios. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to analyze the attributable number (AN) and attributable fraction (AF) of acute heat illnesses caused by nonoptimal temperature.

Results

We enrolled a total of 28,661 patients with a mean age of 44.5 (SD 15.3) years up to July 2023, of whom 21,619 (75.4%) were male patients. The nonoptimal temperature was 27 °C. The relative risk of acute heat illnesses with a 1-degree increase in mean temperature was 1.71 (95% CI 1.63-1.79). In the SSP5-8.5 worst-case scenario, the mean temperature was projected to rise by +5.8 °C (SD 0.26), with the AN and AF of acute heat illnesses above nonoptimal temperature being 19,021 (95% CI 2249‐35,792) and 89.9% (95% CI 89.3%‐90.5%) by 2090‐2099. However, if Taiwan adopts the Sustainability SSP1-2.6 scenario, the AN and AF of acute heat illnesses due to nonoptimal temperature will be reduced to 12,468 (95% CI 3233‐21,704) and 62.1% (95% CI 61.2‐63.1).

Conclusions

Adopting sustainable development policies can help mitigate the risk of acute heat illnesses caused by global warming.
Looking Back on Digital Medical Education Over the Last 25 Years and Looking to the Future: Narrative Review
Authors: Ogundiya Oluwadamilola , Rahman Thahmina Jasmine , Valnarov-Boulter Ioan , Young Tim Michael
Published: December 2024

Background

The last 25 years have seen enormous progression in digital technologies across the whole of the health service, including health education. The rapid evolution and use of web-based and digital techniques have been significantly transforming this field since the beginning of the new millennium. These advancements continue to progress swiftly, even more so after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This narrative review aims to outline and discuss the developments that have taken place in digital medical education across the defined time frame. In addition, evidence for potential opportunities and challenges facing digital medical education in the near future was collated for analysis.

Methods

Literature reviews were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase. The participants and learners in this study included medical students, physicians in training or continuing professional development, nurses, paramedics, and patients.

Results

Evidence of the significant steps in the development of digital medical education in the past 25 years was presented and analyzed in terms of application, impact, and implications for the future. The results were grouped into the following themes for discussion: learning management systems; telemedicine (in digital medical education); mobile health; big data analytics; the metaverse, augmented reality, and virtual reality; the COVID-19 pandemic; artificial intelligence; and ethics and cybersecurity.

Conclusions

Major changes and developments in digital medical education have occurred from around the start of the new millennium. Key steps in this journey include technical developments in teleconferencing and learning management systems, along with a marked increase in mobile device use for accessing learning over this time. While the pace of evolution in digital medical education accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, further rapid progress has continued since the resolution of the pandemic. Many of these changes are currently being widely used in health education and other fields, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, providing significant future potential. The opportunities these technologies offer must be balanced against the associated challenges in areas such as cybersecurity, the integrity of web-based assessments, ethics, and issues of digital privacy to ensure that digital medical education continues to thrive in the future.
Exploring the Perspectives of Older Adults Living With HIV on Virtual Care: Qualitative Study
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M , Valentine Dean , Dove Erica M , Brown Paige , McKinlay Stuart , Sheppard Christine L , Singh Hardeep , Eaton Andrew D , Jamieson Laura , Wasilewski Marina B , Zhabokritsky Alice , Flanagan Ashley , Abdelhalim Reham , Zewude Rahel , Parpia Rabea , Walmsley Sharon , Sirisegaram Luxey
Published: December 2024

Background

As the population of individuals with HIV ages rapidly due to advancements in antiretroviral therapy, virtual care has become an increasingly vital component in managing their complex health needs. However, little is known about perceptions of care among older adults living with HIV.

Objective

This study aimed to understand the perceptions of older adults living with HIV regarding care.

Methods

Using an interpretive, qualitative, descriptive methodology, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 diverse older adults living with HIV. The participants lived in Ontario, Canada, self-identified as HIV-positive, and were aged 50 years or older. Efforts were made to recruit individuals with varying experience with health care. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted with the interview transcripts to identify prevalent themes.

Results

The identified themes included (1) the importance of relationships in virtual care for older adults living with HIV; (2) privacy and confidentiality in virtual care; and (3) challenges and solutions related to access and technological barriers in virtual care. These themes highlight the perceptions of diverse older adults living with HIV concerning care, emphasizing the fundamental role of trust, privacy, and technology access.

Conclusions

By embracing the unique perspectives and experiences of this population, we can work toward building more inclusive and responsive health care systems that meet the needs of all individuals, regardless of age, HIV status, or other intersecting identities.