bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of sustainable development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation
Authors: Afonichkina E , Kobylko A , Kobylko E , Voronova L , Safonova A S
Published: August 2020

The problem and the global objective of organizing and managing development is to develop a set of interrelated measures for sustainable development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation. This article considers the factographic approach using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) model for the analysis of sustainable development of the Arctic territories. A set of interrelated measures relates to the main spheres of human activity in the Russian Arctic, namely, to activities in four areas: environmental, industrial, innovative, socio-economic. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation are identified based on structural analysis of the problems associated with the sustainable development of the territory. Indicators that represent the spheres of human activity in the Arctic, whose interaction is contradictory when moving towards sustainable development, are taken as endogenous factors. Based on the indicators substantiated in this paper, the mathematical model of factor dependence was developed and a set o measures was presented that are necessary to reduce the degree of risk in order to solve the given problem.
Problems of providing Russian Arctic population with high quality drinking water
Authors: Gorbanev S , Novikova Yu , Kovshov A , Tikhonova N , Fedorov V
Published: August 2020

Regulation of drinking water quality remains the most important area of protecting health and improving quality of life of Russian Federation population, including that living in Russian Arctic. Problems of providing Russian Arctic zone population with drinking water are discussed. We studied laboratory test findings of drinking water supplied by centralized systems in Russian Arctic populated areas and data on population provision with high quality drinking water in 2007-2018. In 2018 provision of Russian Arctic territory population with centralized water supply amounted to 95.4% and almost 100% for urban residents. However, a number of residential communities, especially in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) do not have centralized water supply sources. 89.3% of Russian arctic population was provided with drinking water complying with safety requirements (in Russian Federation it was 91.35%). Satisfactory situation with drinking water is due to the cities and urban-type communities where majority of Russian Arctic population live. The worst situation is reported on Arctic territories of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Nenets Autonomous District. Regional programs adopted in all Russian Arctic entities for increasing drinking water quality are aimed at improving the situation related to provision of population with high-quality drinking water.
Life in the Russian Arctic in population estimates (case study of the Murmansk region)
Authors: Popova O N , Vicentiy I V
Published: August 2020

The Murmansk region, being a strategic Arctic region of Russia, has long been characterized by negative dynamics in the population, mainly due to migration loss. The paper presents the results of a sociological analysis of the living conditions of the Murmansk region population. According to residents, the Murmansk region is a region with adverse climatic and social living conditions. The most urgent problems of the region and its settlements are of a pronounced institutional nature and are associated with the poor development of social infrastructure. Among them are problems in the areas of employment and labor, healthcare, education, leisure, road infrastructure, housing and communal services. In general, residents of the region note the inefficiency of “northern social benefits”, low living standards, poverty, low salaries and pensions amid high prices for goods and services in the region. These factors serve as a motivational basis for the formation of negative migration attitudes of residents of the Murmansk region.
Religious identity empirical studies in a socio-cultural space of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Tolstoguzov O , Pitukhina M
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the empirical study results of religious identity in region’s socio-cultural space. The aim of the study is to understand how sub ethnos in terms of modern challenges would be able to maintain its recognizable ethnocultural profile – so called “gestalt”. By the example of a multinational sub-ethnic group at the Republic of Karelia (both northern and border region) an attempt was made to evaluate public relations stability structure. Thus evaluated ethnic and civilized identity would include a combination of complex attributes that reflect both self-identification method and other ethnocultural groups perceptions (and attitudes). A hypothesis was also suggested that social geosystem possesses social relations structure perceived both in temporal and spatial dimensions. In particular, attitudes towards other ethnocultural groups and religions were scrutinized. Thus there were distinguished - the core - together with the variable part that evolves under the influence of challenges and internal causes. Invariants (empirically identified features that remain relatively unchanged in temporal and spatial dimensions) as well as region’s socio-cultural space inversions were revealed.
Analysis of the applicability of visual navigation methods in arctic conditions
Authors: Bakhshiev A V , Smirnova E U , Ulanov V N , Abrosimov E A
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the features of the use of autonomous navigation algorithms for mobile robotics in the Arctic. The main difficulty of the work of visual navigation methods in such conditions is that large areas of frames are occupied by a uniform snow cover, which greatly complicates the search for characteristic points and their comparison, as a result, it becomes impossible to achieve the necessary localization accuracy and map construction. The paper describes ways to improve the quality of visual navigation in arctic conditions - determining the skyline, which allows a more detailed view of the area of movement of the robot, not taking into account variable cloud cover and finding characteristic points not only on large objects on the horizon, but also on snow; adaptive contrast equalization, which is used to display such imperceptible features of a snowy surface as ribbing left by the wind, which makes it possible to distinguish features even on a visually uniform plane; the use of scale-invariant features; a special approach to the selection of key frames.
Mobile robotic air cushion system
Authors: Kochneva O V , Podkolzina L V , Kozlovich A V , Shabanov D V
Published: August 2020

Currently, a variety of mobile robotic platforms are widely used. One of its areas of application is the transportation of heavy loads. In addition, such systems can be used in the development of the Arctic as auxiliary tools for the construction and maintenance of research bases and equipment warehouses on them. Also, the use of mobile robotic platforms will increase the efficiency of mineral development in the Arctic shelf zone and, in the future, automate this process to a greater or lesser extent. At the same time, classic mobile robotic platforms have a number of serious disadvantages that are associated with their design. The main problem is the high degree of wear on the rollers and the relatively rapid destruction of the main structural elements due to the resulting transverse forces. These forces occur due to errors when installing the rollers. But they can be significantly reduced by equipping the mobile platform with an air cushion. This article defines the importance of using an air cushion in the design of mobile robotic platforms. A schematic diagram of a classic hovercraft is described. The existing schemes for creating an air cushion skirt are presented, their main characteristic features are noted, and advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The layout of a mobile robotic platform on an air cushion is presented. A dependence is obtained that shows the effectiveness of using an air cushion for this layout. The analysis of its movement parameters is made, the dependences between the required power of the supercharger and the weight of the transported cargo are investigated, depending on the size of the gap between the seal and the floor.
Ontology for group of rescuing robots
Authors: Kulichenko A D , Polovko S A , Yu Smirnova E , Shubin P K , Ulanov V N
Published: August 2020

Annotation. In general, almost all fields of activities in the High North and the Arctic Region can be classified as either of high or extreme risks, as any kind of emergency at industrial site/object facility is very likely to lead to a large number of casualties. Rescuing people in distress is a complicated and challenging task. Having experience of numerous rescuing activities, it has shown that application of conventional rescue equipment in northern environments is not so effective: part of rescue facilities (such as medical aircrafts and ships) are based far from location of emergency, whereas the other part (floats, boats) have very limited capabilities. However, if arrived 48 hours after the catastrophe, there is almost zero possibility to find anyone alive, and the situation often becomes even worse because of the fact that rescuers have absolutely no idea about the actual situation and conditions within the emergency area or zone. Use of robotic groups in order to provide searching of survivors, lifting them up from either sea or ice surface, considering also further transporting of the people suffered - to stationary point-of-care or station of medical aid. Should tasks of robot group operation planning and of challenging situations complex analysis be considered, the most important is to implement standardized language with very clearly defined terminology. To solve this task, it is necessary to have appropriate ontology, i.e. it is ontology that determines core constructs, properties and connections. The article indicates core robotic ontologies, standardized and currently applied by international engineering community, as well as proposes extended solution of already existing IEEE standards (CORA, etc.), formulated with application of core SUMO ontology.
Providing marginal areas of the Northern Sea Route with radio communications when using dam-free hydropower plants
Authors: Borisova L F , Korobko A N
Published: August 2020

According to the Navigation Rules in the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the skipper should receive all types of information support for safe navigation in the Arctic zone, including navigation, hydrometeorological and hydrological. In order to maintain safe and efficient navigation, the NSR routes should receive navigation safety information from the transmitting points of the NAVTEX system. For this, along the NSR route, it is necessary to have a developed network of coastal and base transceiver stations. Effective information and technological support of the NSR route is prerequisite not only for the safe conduct of ship traffic, but also for the successful civilizational development of the coast, including the deployment and maintenance of the tourism industry. The inaccessibility, territorial distance from the main centers of management and the harsh climate make the NSR areas unprofitable for development in the foreseeable future. Under these conditions, only radio communication, which is not critical to the features of the soil cover and does not require expensive cabling of communication facilities, is an economical means of information and communication support for such territories. The most problematic of NSR radio technical support is the extremely low level of energy supply to the North and the Far East. Possessing the longest sea coastal zone, and occupying one of the leading places in the world in hydropower resources, Russia uses its hydropower potential by only 20%. The situation is aggravated for inaccessible territories for which problems in the field of energy cannot be solved by traditional methods. It is economically unprofitable or simply impossible to use large hydroelectric power stations to power hard-to-reach facilities on the NSR routes. The solution may be the use of small hydropower. To solve the problem of fast, low-cost and efficient energy supply of marginal and inaccessible territories, a new constructive solution for mini-hydropower plants has been proposed. The developed design of mini-hydroelectric power plants does not require the construction of dams, or artificial reservoirs, which allows to increase efficiency compared to the traditional approach.
Comparison of diagnostic methods for thermal aging of shipboard cable
Authors: Buev S , Vlasov A
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes a comparison of two methods for diagnosing the insulation condition of ship power cables that are subject to accelerated aging at elevated temperatures. Earlier, an express methodology was presented for checking ship cables by measuring the hardness of insulation of conductors and the hose sheath with a device according to the Shore method, which makes it possible to estimate the service life of cable routes without dismantling them. The methodology was tested on fishing vessels and was taken into account by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. However, any applied diagnostic methods are not without faults due to interference and errors, and therefore cannot provide a reliable control result. To increase the reliability of the audit of various electrical equipment and ship cables, it is advisable to control other parameters characterizing the technical condition of the facility. One of these parameters is the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), which can be measured with the Tangens 2000 instrument. The article presents the results of measuring the insulation hardness and loss tangent during thermal aging of a ship cable KNRE 2x1, and a comparison of two methods for assessing the condition and service life of a cable.
Technology and equipment for underwater wet welding and cutting of high strength steel arctic structures using flux-cored wires*
Authors: Parshin S , Levchenko A
Published: August 2020

The paper describes the experimental findings of underwater wet welding and cutting of API X70 pipe steel and plates with the use of the following flux-cored wires: TiO2-CaF2; Fe2O3-TiO2 and Fe2O3-TiO2-SiO2. For cutting the cored wire with a diameter of 2 mm based on salts of iron and alkali metals was developed. The best weld properties have been achieved during the underwater welding with fluoride flux-cored wires with TiO2-CaF2 system, which provides the suitable micro structure of the weld, high solidity of deposited metal and mechanical properties of the weld. The use of flux-cored wire improves a quality of underwater wet cutting of steel plates with thickness up to 8 mm.
New Arctic air transportation with Hybrid electrical disc shaped Airship and body plane Aircraft innovation
Authors: Ponyaev L P , Kuprikov M Y , Kuprikov N M
Published: August 2020

The new Global International Air Transportation development as Logistic High Way via North Polar and Russia from Canada to Chaina are focusing to the new Airship and Large Hall Aircraft (LHA) Ecology Electrical Concept of the Transpolar Hybrid Power Fleet by ICAO& IATA Regulation and Sscurity along the Flight Routes with minimum Toxic & Noise to Climate and Passengers Safety. The paper analyzes the promising of Development Technologies of the Modern Hybrid Aero Systems as use the Solar Disc Shaped Airship (DSA) of Thermoplan LTA type by MAI Design and Production with EC Swiss. France and Germany cooperation. The estimation of the profitability of the Disk Shaped for the more Optimal Aerodynamic and Weight Efficiency in comparison with other view Forms for High Altitude Stratospheric & Orbital Complex as Astronomical Observatories and the implementation of International Aerospace Launches & Landings.
Some aspects of using IR-cameras in Arctic navigation
Authors: Vlasov A , Buev S
Published: August 2020

Navigation in Arctic waters is associated with an increased risk of collision with icebergs and other ice formations. For people, these are severe weather conditions and low chances of survival in cold water if the vessel is abandoned. So according to some reports, a person can be alive in ice water no more than 5-8 minutes, and wearing a wetsuit does not increase this time by much. In this regard, one of the tasks of search and rescue is to reduce the time for identifying a person on the water. In addition to visual surveillance tools, this task can be solved with the help of thermal imagers. First of all thermal imaging complexes are known to modern man as devices installed in airport terminals, which allow identifying individuals with elevated body temperature and therefore potentially infected. However, thermal imagers are increasingly being used for other professional and domestic purposes. This is largely due to a decrease in the cost of such devices, a reduction in size and an improvement in their usability. The idea of detecting people in the dark with a thermal imager is not new, but the method proposed in this article is original. Life jackets and wetsuits must be equipped with devices that emit infrared waves that can be captured by thermal imagers when the body temperature is not very different from the surface temperature of the water. Also, infrared cameras can be used to find pollution at sea.
Investigation of temperature dependence of radiation from semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes
Authors: Vlasova S , Vlasov A , Alloyarov K , Volkova T
Published: August 2020

The investigation of temperature dependences of the radiation from red semiconductor laser diodes and light emitting diodes (LEDs) made on the basis of AlGaInP quadruple solid solution has been carried out. Despite the fact that the basic reasons for the change in the wavelength of laser and LEDs radiation when the temperature changes are considered to be known, however, the details of this effect are not well understood. The research shows experimentally how the radiation wavelength changes with temperature changes in the range from -20° C to 40°C for both a semiconductor laser and a LED. It was found that the rate of change in the radiation wavelength of the devices under study differs when the temperature changes. Two linear sections can be distinguished on the laser diode dependence of the wavelength on temperature X(T), while the LED has one section on the dependence X(T). The paper provides an explanation of the observed patterns based on the analysis of the possible influence of various factors. The study is relevant due to the fact that the devices under study are operated in the Arctic region, both at low and high temperatures, and there is insufficient information about the effect of temperature on the radiation characteristics of the studied devices.
Usage of additive technologies in the Arctic region
Authors: Kozlova E V , Starikov K A , Konakhina N A , Aladyshkin I V
Published: August 2020

The article considers the use of additive technologies in the Arctic region as a tool that contributes to the sustainable development of the Arctic territories. The Arctic region is rich in deposits of minerals, hydrocarbons and other strategically important resources for the Russian Federation. In the article described the current use of additive technologies and a classification of additive technologies according to the following criteria: method of layer formation, method of the powder conversion and on the materials being processed. The types of additive technologies for each classification criterion are considered. A conceptual approach of analyzing the capabilities of additive technologies in the Arctic is proposed, it is based on the classification of the Russian Arctic area into subspaces and consideration of the capabilities of additive technologies for each subspace. Due to the fact that human activity in the Arctic is heterogeneous, the entire region can be divided into subspaces for functional purposes. The article presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of using additive technologies in the following Arctic subspaces: base cities, mobile rotational camps, mineral resource extraction territories, recreational territories, fishing territories, the Northern sea route, and infrastructure for the protection of safe existence. The article describes the application of additive technologies taking into account the functional features of each subspace of the region, describes advantages and limitations of using this technology of its use.
Investigative techniques in low-temperature environments
Authors: Kosarev S , Mokhorov D , Mokhorova A
Published: August 2020

The important role of improving the activities of all law enforcement agencies depends on the scientific level of their organization. An essential part of the methodology for the investigation of any crime is the element devoted to the specifics of investigative tactics, a special place among which is occupied by an investigative examination of the scene of an incident, from which an investigation usually begins. Investigative actions (in particular, investigative examination) carried out under low air temperature conditions have their own significant features that require separate study. This paper deals with the peculiarities of carrying out a type of procedural investigative action, such as examination in the Arctic conditions (low air temperature), gives practical recommendations to law enforcement officers on how to act in conditions related to adverse weather situation (low temperatures, shortened daylight), deals with the peculiarities of work in these conditions with traces of hands, feet, vehicles, burglary; special attention is paid to the peculiarities of working with odor and shooting traces; special attention is paid to the peculiarities of work at the scene of corpse location and of work with blood traces. General scientific methods were used as the research method - analysis, synthesis, determination of cause-effect relation of the phenomena in conditions of low temperature, and also the philosophical law which assumes differentiation of scientific knowledge about scientific grounds of tactics of procedural investigative actions in combination with the necessity of integration of the received knowledge with other sciences (logic, criminal procedure law, medicine).
Modelling of maneuvering of the ship equipped with two azipods
Authors: Pashentsev S V , Yu Egorov V
Published: August 2020

Wide development of the Northern Sea Route is one of the main national projects of the Russian Federation. Solution of this large-scale problem is impossible without new types of ships, which are capable of working all year round among ice of polar latitude. These vessels are designed for different purposes, so that they are characterized by stronger hulls of ice class and new types of propulsion device – azipods, in other words – screw-steering columns. Rotating of azipods along vertical axis allows to direct propulsive force in arbitrary direction, which makes it possible to stop using rudder and move more efficiently. For example, proceed forward with stern of the ship. Ships with two azipods are of special effectiveness. With wide operation of new types of propulsion devices, it becomes necessary to include their particular mathematical models in general model of the vessel. This as well applies to azimuthal propulsion devices, known as screw-steering columns. Model becomes more complicated when the ship is equipped with two azipods, which influence each other during application in a particular way. The practicable way of research of such ships’ work is their mathematical modelling, which includes modelling of the hull of the ship, as well as the azipods the ship equipped with. Exactly this model is described in this research. The vessel with displacement of about 36000 tons is equipped with two azipods. Hull is described by the model in shifts, work of every azipod – by Hoffmann algorithm. Basic value of propulsion force of every screw of azipod before its turn is calculated with Lammeren curve of screw force.
Experience and prospects for the wind power plants constructing in the north western part of the Euro-Arctic region of Russia
Authors: Bezhan A V
Published: August 2020

The Murmansk region is characterized by great potential for using wind energy, whose resources are especially large in the coastal areas of the Barents and White Seas. It was found that in periphery of areas where there is a disruption to power supplies, the use of wind power plants is especially important. The paper presents a brief analysis of wind power current state and its development in the Murmansk region. Studies revealed that it is tend to be used small-power wind power plants, which are basically intended to be used for power supply to remote decentralized consumers in the region. It can be assumed that together with the construction of these wind power plants, the foundation of the Murmansk region wind energy resources development was laid. It is shown that the further wind power development of the Murmansk region is likely to have the wind farms constructing there. One of these projects found its practical application in the form of the201 MW wind farm«Kola Wind Farm», the construction of which is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2021. The wind farm is approximately to be able to generate about 750 GWh per year.
Analysis of arc surges in electric networks of the Arctic region
Authors: Morozov I N , Kirillov I E , Naznachilov A V
Published: August 2020

This work is devoted to the urgent issue of the analysis of arc surges in electric networks of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation, using the electric power system of the Kola Peninsula as an example. The article presents an approach to the development of a computational model of a power system in the Matlab software environment, the Simulink simulation application. When compiling the calculation model, the following points were taken into account: the model was in a three-phase formulation; the inductances of overhead power lines were taken into account; non-linear arc resistance was taken into account; grounding resistance was taken into account; the magnetic coupling between the phases and interphase capacitances were taken into account. Based on the results of the model, graphs of transients in the system were obtained for various operating modes. The correctness of the calculation model was checked on the following points: on the voltage, it is necessary that the phase voltages on the buses of the substation ΦC-24 correspond to the phase voltages at all points of the model and be shifted relative to each other by an angle of 120 °; current, current at all points of the system, the current must be symmetrical; according to the current of a single-phase short circuit, it is necessary that the value of the short circuit current obtained using the calculation model corresponds to the current value obtained in the analytical calculations. In the study of arc surges, more than 60 calculations were performed. The performed calculations showed the dependence of the overvoltage ratio on the fault location and the uneven distribution of overvoltages in the considered sections. An analysis of the results obtained in the work allows us to conclude that it is advisable to apply this approach to other electric power systems of the regions of the Russian Federation and other countries.
Prospects for the use of wind power for heat supply to consumers in the western sector of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Minin V A , Furtaev A I
Published: August 2020

The problem of heat supply to remote dispersed consumers of the Arctic and the possibility of such a local renewable energy source as wind to be involved in are considered. The wind potency distribution over the western sector of the Russian Arctic is shown. Areas with enhanced wind potency are identified, which are the most promising ones for heating needs. Wind energy cadastre principal characteristics of the region are studied (average longterm wind speeds, seasonal distribution in average monthly speeds, wind speed frequency, etc.). There is a winter wind speed peak in coastal areas, which coincides with the cold season peak demand for heating power and electricity. This is the main prerequisite for the successful joint operation of current boiler rooms with wind power plants (WPP), which are able to provide a significant part of the heating load. It is shown that the use of wind energy will save (displace) a significant amount of expensive imported fuel and significantly reduce the working cost of heat generated. The climatic characteristics of the region are studied, and the values of reduced (taking into account the wind) outdoor temperature are estimated. The way how the wind strains the initial picture of the distribution of average annual air temperatures is shown. The consumer heating-load curve and its provision by WPPs possible participation and boiler rooms are considered. The share of high wind potency WPPs reaches 60-80% in one year.
New approaches to the study of the material composition and geodynamic evolution of the early Precambrian complexes
Authors: Martynov E V , Kozlov N E , Sorokhtin N O , Marchuk T S
Published: August 2020

Geological interpretation of formation processes of Precambrian assemblages with a complicated structure (reconstruction of geodynamic formation settings of metamorphic rocks protoliths) requires approaches other than those applied in studying Phanerozoic objects. The current paper reports some new approaches to studying the material composition and geodynamic evolution of early Precambrian complexes. They are based on the authors’ techniques of identifying the original nature of metamorphites, statistic modeling of varied features of chemical compositions of Precambrian objects in regard to standards of geodynamic settings in the Phanerozoic and considering them in geodynamic reconstructions.
The use of digital technology when positioning the spreader relative to the plane of the container
Authors: Yezhov Yu E , Zub I V , Shchemelev V L
Published: August 2020

Currently, the technological process for processing containers in the presence of a roll or trim of the vessel involves the participation of working personnel. This technological operation is poorly automated, so the spreader is positioned relative to the plane of the container with the help of people, which increases the load cycle, reducing effective and economic indicators. The development of microprocessor technology allows us to automate partially or fully technological processes of container reloading in the port. The most important part of the container handling process is the spreader. Existing systems of automation of the spreader allow detecting gaps between containers, which increases the accuracy of installing the container at the storage location. The developed experimental model offers the option of automating the positioning of the spreader relative to the plane of the container, complementing existing automation systems, such as vibration dampers, sensors for monitoring the position of the container, etc. Using an experimental model allows to reduce the processing time of the vessel, and also eliminates operator errors. The issue of ensuring the operability of electronic components and sensors in the Arctic climate is also important, as they are most exposed to the environment. When using electrical equipment at low temperatures, there are two main problems: safety and operation. The functionality of electrical equipment may change or deteriorate, and the failure of one of the electrical systems entails stopping the loading cycle until it is detected and fully fix the problem. Therefore, in this paper, we consider possible options for preventing the negative consequences that arise when working at low temperatures.
Impact of social and economic factors over past decade on economic development of Russian’s Arctic zone
Authors: Moroshkina M , Potasheva O , Gienko G
Published: August 2020

The socio-economic development of the regions of the Arctic zone differs from the general dynamics of the development of the Russian regions. These territories are more economically advanced and have significant resource potential. The competitive advantage of most regions of the Arctic zone also is access to the oceans. The study of the dynamics of the development of Arctic regions will allow to assess the level of their socio-economic development and form the main strategic directions of growth. The object of the study are the regions belonging to the Arctic zone. The subject is the process of their socio-economic development. The methodological basis of the research work is an interdisciplinary direction, which involves an analysis of the combination of economic, social and political factors. The comparative analysis will allow to compare the dynamics of socio-economic development of the regions of the Arctic zone and assess the impact of international economic sanctions. The statistical data of Rosstat, the results of the Russian’s Census, as well as normative and legal documentation were used as an information base for research works. As a result of the implementation of the goals set in the study, analytical works were carried out on the dynamics of the development of the Arctic regions. It has been revealed that the territories of the Arctic zone exceed the average Russian values by certain economic indicators.
Arctic education in the field of polar research
Authors: A Kudryavtseva R-E , Guseva N A , Koroleva J
Published: August 2020

In the modern world, the Arctic is one of the most actively developing regions of the world. Interest in this area appeared in the XVI century and has not faded to this day. Currently, the Arctic has become a subject of interest for specialists in various fields: history, tourism, Economics, Geology, ecology, international relations and political science. In addition, the Arctic is a place of cooperation between many countries, especially in the field of education and science, because without them it is impossible to imagine the development of any region. The article illustrates and analyzes the current state of education in the Arctic. The presented diagram of the member universities of the University of Artic allows us to draw a conclusion about the leadership of Russia in the number of Universities where training in the field of polar research is taking place. The author lists the main international exchange programs, their description and conditions, Russian Universities with characteristics of the main areas of training and scientific achievements in various fields. The article presents a list of scientific events on the Arctic theme, upcoming in 2020, indicating the place and time of the event. In conclusion, the author makes a conclusion not only about the advantages of Arctic education, but also about specific problems.
High education and human resources in the Russian Arctic region: problems and particular qualities of development
Authors: Vasilyeva O E , Dmitrieva A A , Gdalin D A , Ilyinsky S V , Popov M I
Published: August 2020

The article presents a description of the history of high education development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, provides an overview of the priority areas of popular professions for the region as a whole, and for its individual subjects; analyzes the main indicators that determine the opportunities for training in higher education institutions and identifies the distinctive features of the functioning of higher education in the Arctic region. A number of recommendations are proposed for certain areas of improving the system of training in higher education institutions of the studied region, taking into account its geographical location.
Factor structure of value-semantic and emotional-volitional characteristics of personal success (on the example of students of the Murmansk State Technical University)
Authors: Yu Korzhova E , Ya Dvoretskaya M , Kuznetsova E S , Loshchakova A B
Published: August 2020

Personnel potential plays the key role in the effective development of the Russian sector of the Arctic. It is impossible to conduct the study of the personnel potential without reliance on the psychological science. This article discusses the phenomenon of personal success and its relationship with the model of vital activity chosen by a person. According to the results of the empirical study the publication presents the factor structure of the value-semantic and emotional-volitional characteristics of the personal success in students with different models of vital activity (vital, social and existential). The factor analysis carried out by the method of principal components with varimax-rotation showed that respondents with an ideal of vital model of vital activity (3 factors were highlighted) have pragmatic orientations - “high level of income”, “personal prestige”. Such manifestations as “spiritual satisfaction”, “creativity”, “self-development” get evaluation below average. The factor structure is dominated by indicators that reveal a disharmonious state, a low level of adaptability to people around them and changing situations. Respondents with an ideal of social model of vital activity (4 factors were identified in total) are oriented towards cooperation in professional and social spheres. They demonstrate high level of social adaptability and a tendency toward self-development and express self-efficiency. Respondents with an ideal of existential model of vital activity (3 factors are highlighted) choose the following priority areas: professional activities, training and education, public life. They are characterized by prosocial behavior, a manifestation of altruism and a desire to contribute to socially significant projects. At the same time, they express harmonious state and are prone to assist people around. The information presented in the article has practical value for teachers, students and graduates of higher schools, HR managers.
Community-based resource management in the Arctic: transformation caused by the changing environment
Authors: Nekrich A
Published: August 2020

The article outlines structural changes in the current environmental management and availability of biological resources for three Arctic indigenous communities are located in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district (YaNAO), Nenets Autonomous district (NAO), and Canadian ethnic province Nunavut in conditions of extractive industry development and climate change. Special attention is given to factors leading transformations of quality of life of Nenets and Inuit are based on natural resources, playing a vital role for human habitats and supporting ecosystem services. Indigenous carry out a community-based natural resource management relating to their traditional way of life. This management is viewed as an effective tool supporting the Arctic biodiversity. Also it provides access to natural resources for present and growing generations both. Based on field research, statistical information, materials on environment transformation during on-going development of mineral and fuel deposits, reports on changing natural and climatic features, and on interview of a wide range of members of indigenous communities author indicates a modern picture of availability of biological resources for native peoples, reveals sustainability of the Arctic environment to technogenic impact and changing climate, proposes measures aimed at Nenets and Inuit livelihood protection, and at transfer of traditional land-based skills to future Northern generations.
Diversity of regional trends in traditional reindeer husbandry in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Klokov K B
Published: August 2020

Domesticated reindeer livestock is an important resource for traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic. The article analyses the variability of the reindeer number trends in different Arctic regions and the reasons why reindeer livestock increases in some areas and decreases in others. The analysis is based on the official statistics data and scientific literature. Author argues that the key condition for the success of traditional reindeer husbandry is the informal economic environment. Due to peculiarities of the regional politics and the ways of adaptation of indigenous communities, such environment have been formed only in four municipal districts in the tundra of Western Siberia. In all other territory of the Russian Arctic the number of domesticated reindeer decreases or fluctuates at about the same level.
The Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic and Their Implementation Challenges
Authors: Snetkov V N , Mokhorov D A , Dorovskaya Yu V , Semenova K A
Published: August 2020

Despite developed regulatory framework enshrining legal status of indigenous small-numbered peoples and governmental law-enforcement practice, challenges appear in implementing rights of such population category. One of factors jeopardizing realization of Arctic indigenous peoples rights is interest of companies and states in Arctic resources development. A set of conditions from an increasing geopolitical and economic interests of states in Arctic resources development to challenges of sustainable development of the Arctic region leads to the need for states to negotiate and conclude a treaty with mechanisms for protecting Arctic indigenous peoples rights. The States parties to the 1982 UNCLOS, including Arctic states and indigenous representatives, are recommended to be involved in its elaboration. The Arctic states bear a special responsibility to ensure Arctic indigenous peoples rights. Such treaty should stipulate an obligation of each Arctic state to take the views of indigenous representatives in regulating legal relations with their participation. While the Artic resources development by resource companies is a factor posing a threat to protection of Arctic indigenous populations rights, activities of companies involve new jobs creation and social infrastructure development. The treaty should stipulate a mechanism for a balance between the interests of Arctic indigenous peoples and resource-extracting businesses.
Current state of sympatric whitefish from Lake Pyaozero, Kovda river basin, Karelia
Authors: Sendek D S , Bochkarev N A , Savosin D S , Borisovskaya A A , Ilmast N V
Published: August 2020

The study of whitefish from Pyaozero Lake (White Sea basin) has shown that three forms of sympatric whitefish occurring in the lake are abundant. They clearly differ from each other, but the existing forms/species are similar in countable characters. The evolution of modern White Sea basin populations is associated with the postglacial colonization and hybridization of several genetically distant whitefish forms, This factor is assumed to have given rise to populations with various morphological and ecological characteristics, e.g. growth rate and maturation time. The fact that haplotypes in the morpho-ecological groups of whitefish are highly mixed is consistent with the heterogeneity of the haplotypes revealed earlier in Kamennoye Lake, Kem River basin. Analysis of a gene of ND1 mtDNA has shown that two major phylogenetic whitefish lineages, from which Pyaozero whitefish has derived, are of European origin, while the third one is closely related to whitefish from Siberian water bodies. The strong hybridization of ancestral phylogenetic whitefish lineages in the recent forms of Pyaozero whitefish is also indicated by evidence for the genetic variability of allozymic loci. Recent paleolimnological reconstructions suggest that the origin of multi-rakered whitefish from Karelia’s lakes is associated with the postglacial colonization of an old multi-rakered whitefish lineage, whose relict populations have preserved in the old lakes of the White Sea-Kuloy Plateau unaffected by Lower Quaternary glaciation.
Control systems for complex technological facilities with the accumulation of experience in the development of control actions
Authors: Kulakov S M , Lyakhovets M V , Koynov R S , Taraborina E N
Published: August 2020

The complex task of man-machine control of weakly formalized technological units and complexes, which are characterized by a wide variety of conditions, multidimensionality, non-stationarity, uncertainty, multivariate products, is considered. The insufficient effectiveness of the model approach to creating control systems for such objects is shown. Alternative approaches based on the concept of best practices are considered. The well-known best practice procedures using typical representative situations and the model cycle method are presented. A new (precedent) method for the selection and implementation of control actions with the participation of an operator-technologist is proposed. A precedent cycle for selecting controls and a functional diagram of the control system have been developed. An information model of the precedent is formed on the example of steelmaking control in an oxygen converter. The advantages of the precedent method compared with the method of representative situations are determined.
Automated test bench for researching the characteristics of an AC motor based on the altivar variable-frequency drive
Authors: Kubarev V A , Bogdanovskaya T V , Ignatenko O A , Gallyamova O R
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the development of an automated test bench for studying the characteristics of an alternating current motor based on the Altivar variable-frequency drive, which allows automatic or manual recording of various characteristics of an asynchronous motor. A block diagram of the test bench and its technical structure are presented, algorithms for the functioning of the software are developed.
Operational algorithm of logical control system for electric drive of a lifting installation based on a doubly-fedinduction machine
Authors: Ostrovlyanchik V Yu , Popolzin I Yu
Published: August 2020

Using of a doubly-fed machine circuit is a promising way to upgrade existing electric drives of hoist installations based on wound-rotor induction motors. Power connection of induction motors according to the scheme of a doubly-fed machine with control of machine coordinates in the rotor circuit allows to increase the energy efficiency of the drive, organize the recovery of energy, which is usually uselessly dissipated in the rotor circuit, as well as increase the reliability of the drive. To achieve a wide range of speed change while maintaining the overload capacity of the machine by the torque, it is necessary to combine various methods for controlling the amplitude, phase and frequency of the auxiliary voltage on the rotor. These parameters are controlled by a logical control system. So it is necessary to develop an operational algorithm of the logical control system to organize this way of control. This paper is devoted to the development of the operational algorithm of the logical control system for the electric drive of a lifting installation based on a doubly-fedinduction machine, which allows combining different modes of operation of the machine to achieve a wide range of speed control.
The mechanism for the formation of a diversified production program of an enterprise, taking into account environmental and economic restrictions
Authors: Kiseleva T V , Mikhailov V G , Mikhailov G S
Published: August 2020

Modern environmental requirements for the quality of products and technological processes, as well as toughening environmental legislation require improvement of the existing organizational and economic mechanism for environmental management. The article discusses the statement of the problem and the block diagram of the algorithm for the formation of the production program of the enterprise, taking into account environmental restrictions. Based on the actual data of an industrial enterprise with a diversified production program, the developed algorithm was tested, which showed the effectiveness of its use in practical activities.