bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling on Surface Roughness and Topography of Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Microhybrid Resin Composites
Authors: da Silva EM , de Sá Rodrigues CUF , Dias DA , da Silva S , Amaral CM , Guimarães JGA
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling (TMC) on the surface roughness and topography of three resin composites with different filler particle systems (Z350, nanofilled [Nf]; Durafill, microfilled [Mf], and Empress Direct, microhybrid [Mh]). Twenty specimens of each resin composite (8.0 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) according to the mouthrinses: alcohol-free (Plax – P) and alcohol-containing (Listerine – L and Plax Fresh Mint – PM) and artificial saliva (control – AS). The specimens were submitted to TMC for nine weeks. A surface roughness tester and a three-dimensional profilometer were used to measure the roughness (Ra) and the topography (Sa) before and after TMC. The data were analyzed by multifactor analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). In all media, Mh presented greater roughness than Mf (p<0.05). The highest value of roughness was presented by Mh immersed in L (p<0.05). The lowest values of roughness were presented by Mf (p<0.05). The three resin composites presented the highest roughness after immersion in mouthrinses containing alcohol (PM and L) (p<0.05). For the three resin composites, the increase in roughness was noticeable after the fifth week. Topographic analysis showed that the smoothest surfaces were present after immersion in AS.
Value of Non-Invasive Fetal Monitoring Techniques in Detection of Fetal Metabolic Acidemia at Birth
Authors: Dokus K , Matasova K , Visnovsky J , Dokusova S , Danko J.
Published: December 2013

Objective. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fetal pulse oximetry (FPO) and STanalysis of the fetal ECG (STAN) in prediction of fetal acidemia at birth. Methods. A prospective clinical study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia. In total, 63 out of 70 women with non-reassuring CTG patterns in labour were enrolled. Fetal surveillance during the labour continued with simultaneous CTG plus FPO and STAN monitoring. A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to ascertain diagnostic accuracy of individual methods. Results. The study confirmed FPO has a significant ability to detect fetal acidemia at birth (UA-pH ≤ 7.2). The optimum diagnostic cut-off value of SpO2 was 33%, with FPO’s diagnostic sensitivity 60%, and specificity 85.2%. The diagnostic accuracies of STAN + CTG and CTG alone were inferior to that of FPO. Conclusions. FPO has an ability to predict fetal birth acidemia (UA-pH ≤ 7.2), and its diagnostic accuracy is superior to STAN + CTG, or CTG alone monitoring. Condensation.FPO has ability to predict fetal birth acidemia (UA - pH≤7.2), and its diagnostic accuracy is superior to STAN + CTG, or CTG alone monitoring.
Point Prevalence Survey of Nosocomial Infections in University Hospital in Martin
Authors: Malobicka E , Roskova D , Svihrova V , Hudeckova H.
Published: December 2013

Nosocomial infections are a serious problem not only in Slovakia but in all countries. The European Commission decided on their standardized surveillance in the whole European Union. According methodology elaborated by experts from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Stockholm we performed a point prevalence survey in the University Hospital Martin.

Our observed prevalence of nosocomial infections in University Hospital Martin within the point prevalence study was 5.2%.

The highest point prevalence of nosocomial infections was found at the Surgical Department (9.3%).

The most common type of nosocomial infections was urological infections (27.3%), sepsis (22.7%) and surgical site infection (22.7%). The most common microorganisms isolated from the biological material were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Appropriate method of nosocomial infections surveillance is monitoring their prevalence in the point prevalence studies. International projects of nosocomial infections in the EU allow to compare the obtained results with other hospitals in the Member States.
Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of chrysanthemum by encapsulation-dehydration
Authors: Zalewska Małgorzata , Kulus Dariusz
Published: December 2013

Chrysanthemums are amongst the most economically important flowers in the world. The protection and storage of these valuable genetic resources is of great importance. Today, cryopreservation, or the storage of biological material at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196°C), is believed to be the most promising long-term storage method. To optimise the cryopreservation protocol, the shoot tips of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./ Kitam. ‘Lady Orange’ and ‘Lady Salmon’ mutants were cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. During the experiment, the influence of sucrose concentration (2, 3 and 6%) during preculture and the concentration of kinetin (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg dm-3) in the regrowth medium were tested. A higher survival rate was observed for ‘Lady Salmon’. In general, the media with higher sucrose levels provided the best survival and recovery rates (35-40%). Kinetin had no influence on the survival rate; however, it influenced the morphogenesis of the plants. The lowest number of explants forming multiple shoots was observed on the medium with the lowest sucrose (during preculture) and kinetin (in the recovery medium) concentration. On the other hand, the best rhizogenesis efficiency was observed when 0.25 mg dm-3 kinetin was added. In conclusion, the composition of both preculture and recovery media need to be adjusted to single cultivars. The use of 3% sucrose (preculture) and 0.25 mg dm-3 kinetin (recovery) seems reasonable, since it guarantees a satisfying recovery rate of the explants and at the same time prevents the formation of callus and multiple shoots, stimulating the rooting instead.
A validation of the use of names to screen for risk of chronic hepatitis B in Victoria, Australia, 2001 to 2010
Authors: MacLachlan J H , Wang Y J , Cowie B C
Published: December 2013

The burden of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is increasing in Australia, particularly in those born in the Asia-Pacific region, and nearly half are undiagnosed. Primary care clinicians have a key role in diagnosing CHB, however identification of patients at risk is hindered by lack of awareness and limited information on country of birth in patient records. This study evaluates the potential of a validated list of names associated with Asian country of birth as a screening tool to predict risk of CHB, by comparing it with surveillance records for all people diagnosed with CHB or salmonellosis in Victoria from 2001 to 2010, and analysed using standard screening tools. Name list match was associated with CHB notification, with over 60% of cases having one name matching the list (sensitivity), and nearly one third matching both given name and surname; less than 15% and 2% of salmonellosis notifications matched for one name and both names, respectively (false positives). These results show that more than half of notified cases of CHB would have been identified by this name list, and that it could be used in support of initiatives to improve diagnosis of patients with diseases associated with country of birth when limited information is available.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes among injecting drug users in Hungary
Authors: Tresó B , Takács M , Dencs Á , Dudás M , Pár A , Rusvai E
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes/subtypes among people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited at 22 needle exchange sites and drug outpatient services in all seven Planning and Statistical Regions of Hungary. Of 198 such PWID, 147 (74.2%), 45 (22.7%) and six (3.0%) carried genotype 1, 3 or 4, respectively, and 31 (72.1%) of the 43 genotype 1 sequences were of subtype 1a. Genotype 3 was significantly more prevalent in provincial towns than in the capital, Budapest. Injecting for a longer period and an older age both correlated with a higher prevalence of genotype 3, suggesting possible future changes in genotype distribution. The distributions of hepatitis C virus genotypes/subtypes differed significantly between the tested PWID and the general population. The identification of genotype 3 reflected its worldwide occurrence among PWID. Our results underline the importance of genotyping before treatment, especially among people who have ever injected drugs in Hungary.
Increase of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men in Poland, 2000 to 2011
Authors: Rosinska M , Janiec J , Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik M
Published: December 2013

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus suggests that younger men who have sex with men are at higher risk of infection, European Union, 2003 to 2012
Authors: Janiec J , Haar K , Spiteri G , Likatavicius G , Van de Laar M , Amato-Gauci A J
Published: December 2013

In 2012, newly reported human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses in the European Union /European Economic Area remained stable at around 30,000 cases. Since 2003, cases in men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 20 to 29 years-old doubled, while the proportion of late presenters in this group remained stable. Persistent declines occurred among older MSM age groups, particularly that between 30 and 39 years-old. Interventions targeting younger MSM are needed to prevent a resurgence of the epidemic in Europe.
Photocatalytic mechanism of Bi2Fe4O9 nanoparticles in the degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Xian T. , Yang H. , Xian W. , Chen X.F. , Dai J.F.
Published: December 2013

We have investigated the effects of O2, ethanol, and KI on the photocatalytic efficiency of Bi2Fe4O9 nanoparticles towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB). It is observed that O2 has a negligible effect on the photocatalytic degradation rate of the dye, whereas ethanol and KI exhibit a strong suppression of the dye degradation, with a stronger effect observed for the latter. Hydroxyl radicals are shown, by the photoluminescence technique using coumarin as a probe molecule, to be produced on the irradiated Bi2Fe4O9, and are scavenged on addition of ethanol and KI. The mechanisms involved are discussed in detail. Based on the experimental results, hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes are suggested to be the two main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of MB by Bi2Fe4O9 nanoparticles.
Participatory Research to Design a Novel Telehealth System to Support the Night-Time Needs of People with Dementia: NOCTURNAL
Authors: Martin Suzanne , Augusto Juan , McCullagh Paul , Carswell William , Zheng Huiru , Wang Haiying , Wallace Jonathan , Mulvenna Maurice
Published: December 2013

Strategies to support people living with dementia are broad in scope, proposing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions as part of the care pathway. Assistive technologies form part of this offering as both stand-alone devices to support particular tasks and the more complex offering of the “smart home” to underpin ambient assisted living. This paper presents a technology-based system, which expands on the smart home architecture, orientated to support people with daily living. The system, NOCTURNAL, was developed by working directly with people who had dementia, and their carers using qualitative research methods. The research focused primarily on the nighttime needs of people living with dementia in real home settings. Eight people with dementia had the final prototype system installed for a three month evaluation at home. Disturbed sleep patterns, night-time wandering were a focus of this research not only in terms of detection by commercially available technology but also exploring if automated music, light and visual personalized photographs would be soothing to participants during the hours of darkness. The NOCTURNAL platform and associated services was informed by strong user engagement of people with dementia and the service providers who care for them. NOCTURNAL emerged as a holistic service offering a personalised therapeutic aspect with interactive capabilities.
Systematic Positive Expected Returns in the UK Fixed Odds Betting Market: An Analysis of the Fink Tank Predictions
Authors: Buraimo Babatunde , Peel David , Simmons Rob
Published: December 2013

We report striking evidence of semi-strong inefficiency in the UK fixed-odds football betting market using a reputable newspaper tipster which offers probabilities of match outcomes rather than simple result indicators. Betting on the Fink Tank probabilities of home wins across 10 bookmakers, when there are positive expected returns, would have generated positive returns in each of the seasons from 2006–07 to 2011–12 for a variety of different betting strategies. These returns could have been enhanced by employing the best odds from a greater number of bookmakers. However, the fact that pure arbitrage bets have existed for years and appear to last for several hours or days suggest they are in practice not exploitable to a magnitude that poses any threat to bookmakers.
Prognostic Discrimination Using a 70-Gene Signature among Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and an Intermediate 21-Gene Recurrence Score
Authors: Ahn Sung , Lee Hak , Lee Hak , Lee Seung , Lee Se-Ra , Leem Sun-Hee , Jeong Joon , Chu In-Sun
Published: December 2013

The Oncotype DX® recurrence score (RS) predictor has been clinically utilized to appropriately select adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive early breast cancer. However, the selection of chemotherapy for patients with intermediate RSs remains controversial. We assessed the prognostic value of a 70-gene signature (70GS) among patients with ER-positive breast cancer and intermediate RSs. In addition, we sought to identify genes associated with poor 70GS scores based on gene expression profiling (GEP). GEP was performed using gene expression data from 186 patients with ER-positive breast cancer. The RS and 70GS score were calculated on the basis of GEP. Among 186 patients, 82 ER-positive patients with intermediate RSs were identified. These patients were stratified by 70GS, overall survival (OS) significantly differed according to 70GS (p = 0.013). In a supervised hierarchical analysis according to 70GS, the expression of several representative genes for cell proliferation was significantly higher in the poor 70GS cluster than in the good 70GS cluster. Furthermore, among these patients, FOXM1, AURKA, AURKB, and BIRC5 displayed prognostic significance for OS. In conclusion, 70GS can help to discriminate survival differences among ER-positive patients with intermediate RSs. FOXM1, AURKA, AURKB, and BIRC5, are associated with poor 70GS scores.
C-4 Gem-Dimethylated Oleanes of Gymnema sylvestre and Their Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Di Fabio Giovanni , Romanucci Valeria , Zarrelli Mauro , Giordano Michele , Zarrelli Armando
Published: December 2013

Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., one of the most important medicinal plants of the Asclepiadaceae family, is a herb distributed throughout the World, predominantly in tropical countries. The plant, widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic in Indian proprietary medicines, possesses beneficial digestive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and anti-helmentic effects. Furthermore, it is believed to be useful in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, hemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and leucoderma. A literature survey revealed that some other notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties have been proven too. This paper aims to summarize the chemical and pharmacological reports on a large group of C-4 gem-dimethylated pentacyclic triterpenoids from Gymnema sylvestre.
Adult Cranberry Beverage Consumers Have Healthier Macronutrient Intakes and Measures of Body Composition Compared to Non-Consumers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008
Authors: Duffey Kiyah , Sutherland Lisa
Published: December 2013

Flavonoids, present in high levels in cranberries, are potent bioactives known for their health-promoting benefits, but cranberry beverages (CB) are not typically recommended as part of a healthy diet. We examine the association between CB consumption with macronutrient intake and weight status. Data for US adults (≥19 years, n = 10,891) were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Survey 2005–2008. Total CB consumption was measured over two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Linear and logistic regression models adjusting for important covariates were used to examine predicted differences between CB consumers and non-consumers on macronutrient and anthropometric outcomes. Results are weighted to be nationally representative. CB consumers (n = 581) were older (>50 year) non-Hispanic black females. They consumed an average 221 mL (7.5 oz) CB per day. In fully adjusted models CB consumers (vs. non-consumers) had higher carbohydrates and total sugars and lower percent energy from protein and total fat (all p < 0.001), but no difference in total energy. A significantly higher proportion of CB consumers were predicted to be normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2; p = 0.001) and had to have lower waist circumferences (p = 0.001). Although there was not a significant trend across level of CB intake, low and middle level CB consumers compared to non-consumers were more likely to be normal weight (p < 0.001) and less likely to be overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Despite having slightly higher daily macronutrient intakes, CB consumers have more desirable anthropometric measures compared to non-consumers.
Silent Bodies in Religion and Work: Migrant Filipinas and the Construction of Relational Power
Authors: Topali Pinelopi
Published: December 2013

The present article explores the relationship of silences, as vocal and non-vocal bodily practices, to forms of power in religion and work. More specifically, it focuses on Filipina domestic workers in Greece who are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, an independent Filipino church. In the hierarchical contexts of the church and paid domestic work, where the church expands its influence, silence is a dominant embodied religious ethos, an ideal behavior for female workers and an expression of obedience. This silence enhances women’s subordination resulting in strict power relationships. Silencing the body, however, is also an agential practice of Filipina immigrants themselves, a tool to transform power relationships into more reciprocal ones. By reflective and unreflective practices of bodily silence, migrant Filipinas reverse subjection, transform the power relationships in which they are involved and attribute to them a more relational character.
Heater-Integrated Cantilevers for Nano-Samples Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Toffoli Valeria , Carrato Sergio , Lee Dongkyu , Jeon Sangmin , Lazzarino Marco
Published: December 2013

The design and characteristics of a micro-system for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in which heater, temperature sensor and mass sensor are integrated into a single device are presented. The system consists of a suspended cantilever that incorporates a microfabricated resistor, used as both heater and thermometer. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to define the structure parameters. TGA sensors were fabricated by standard microlithographic techniques and tested using milli-Q water and polyurethane microcapsule. The results demonstrated that our approach provides a faster and more sensitive TGA with respect to commercial systems.
Mapping the Relationship of Inter-Village Variation in Agroforestry Tree Survival with Social and Ecological Characteristics: The Case of the Vi Agroforestry Project, Mara Region, Tanzania
Authors: Johansson Karl-Erik , Axelsson Robert , Kimanzu Ngolia
Published: December 2013

Agroforestry practices can improve the adaptive capacity and resilience of local farming and subsistence systems while providing livelihood benefits to households. However, scaling up of agroforestry technology has often proved difficult. Many studies have been carried out to explain the lack of tangible impact, based mainly on formal household/farm surveys comparing characteristics of non-adopters with that of adopters. In this study, we mapped the relationship between agroforestry tree survival in villages that were a part of the Vi Agroforestry project in the Mara region, Tanzania with key social-ecological variables. A random sample of 21 households from each of 89 investigated project villages was used. The proportion of households with surviving agroforestry trees, varied from 10%–90% among villages. Social and ecological differences between villages were important explanations to this variation. Variables related to the project and its operations explained most of the inter-village variation in households with few surviving trees. To encourage the majority of village households to practice agroforestry their perceptions of tree ownership and the benefit of agroforestry were additional key factors to the project showing the importance of socio-cultural issues to the households’ decisions to continue beyond the initial tree planting and testing phase.
Molecular Cloning and Pharmacological Properties of an Acidic PLA2 from Bothrops pauloensis Snake Venom
Authors: Ferreira Francis , Gomes Mário , De Souza Dayane , Gimenes Sarah , Castanheira Letícia , Borges Márcia , Rodrigues Renata , Yoneyama Kelly , Brandeburgo Maria , Rodrigues Veridiana
Published: December 2013

In this work, we describe the molecular cloning and pharmacological properties of an acidic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. This enzyme, denominated BpPLA2-TXI, was purified by four chromatographic steps and represents 2.4% of the total snake venom protein content. BpPLA2-TXI is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa, as demonstrated by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis and its theoretical isoelectric point was 4.98. BpPLA2-TXI was catalytically active and showed some pharmacological effects such as inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP and also induced edema and myotoxicity. BpPLA2-TXI displayed low cytotoxicity on TG-180 (CCRF S 180 II) and Ovarian Carcinoma (OVCAR-3), whereas no cytotoxicity was found in regard to MEF (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast) and Sarcoma 180 (TIB-66). The N-terminal sequence of forty-eight amino acid residues was determined by Edman degradation. In addition, the complete primary structure of 122 amino acids was deduced by cDNA from the total RNA of the venom gland using specific primers, and it was significantly similar to other acidic D49 PLA2s. The phylogenetic analyses showed that BpPLA2-TXI forms a group with other acidic D49 PLA2s from the gender Bothrops, which are characterized by a catalytic activity associated with anti-platelet effects.
Insécurité économique et décisions de fécondité en France et en Hongrie
Authors: Letablier Marie-Thérèse , Makay Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2013

How economic insecurity impact on fertility has been a major issue for demographers in their attempt to explain the decline in fertility rates. This paper suggests analyzing this relationship from a comparative and qualitative perspective. Focus is on the perception of economic insecurity and how it impact on the decision to have children. The analysis compares the arguments developed by respondents to a qualitative survey in France and Hungary, two contrasted countries regarding fertility rates. About fourty people each country, men and women, aged from 27 to 35 years, living in couple or alone were interviewed with a similar grid of questions. The main hypothesis was that the impact of economic insecurity on fertility decisions depends on the institutional frame and especially on the availability and quality of policies supporting parenthood. The findings confirm the hypothesis, also stressing the role of trust in state commitment which is highly dependent on the coherence and continuity of policies.
Médiation et protection de l’enfance [Le travail social à l’épreuve de la conflictualité parentale]
Authors: Ben Mrad Fathi
Published: December 2013

This contribution aims to examine the conditions for using mediation in the scope of child protection during follow-up by social workers in families. Providing child-rearing support for children in situations of parental conflict through traditional approaches of social work has proven to be unsatisfactory for the professionals concerned. Looking on the one hand at the points of agreement between the field of mediation and that of traditional social work (in-home child-rearing support), the author identifies the main problems for users and difficulties regarding professionals’ involvement.
Les assistantes maternelles : une composante essentielle de l’offre de garde en milieu rural [L’exemple de la Corrèze et de la Creuse]
Authors: Pierre Mathilde
Published: December 2013

FRE: Petite enfance, Offre d’accueil , Assistantes maternelles.
Actualité du droit du logement (octobre 2011)
Authors: Kesteman Nadia
Published: December 2013

FRE: Droit au logement , Aides personnelles au logement , Aides à la pierre
Le rapport à l’emploi des femmes en congé parental [Un repositionnement vis-à-vis des normes sociales]
Authors: Kertudo Pauline
Published: December 2013

This paper analyzes the manner in which the experience of parental leave influences the beneficiaries’ (almost exclusively women) prospects of regaining employment. It aims to show that the period spent at home encourages women to reposition themselves in relation to the prevailing normative models (concerning self-fulfilment, parental responsibilities, professional commitment..), which often causes stress. It specifically identifies four means of managing this experience, each corresponding to

separate pathways within the parental leave, which are reflected in different positionings with regard to returning to work at the end of the parental leave. Finally, it focuses on the temporality of parental leave and shows how the positioning of women with regard to norms evolves over the three years, without there being a real possibility to identify the key moments that determine the choice to return to work or to stay at home after the parental leave.
Les comportements d’activité des mères à la suite du CLCA à taux partiel
Authors: Boyer Danielle , Nicolas Muriel
Published: December 2013

The part-time “ free choice of activity” supplement (CLCA) is a benefit aiming to compensate the loss of revenue caused by part-time work of parents – essentially mothers– with under three-year-old child(ren). This paper aims to investigate the impact of part-time CLCA on the behavioral activities of its beneficiary. In view of this, it takes a closer look at the beneficiaries'' working time just before receiving the benefit as well as some months after leaving the scheme. First of all, the part-time CLCA favours maintaining the parents of small children in the labour market. Secondly, more than half of the beneficiaries of the part-time CLCA have the same workload before and after receiving the benefit. Finally, in one third of the cases, their working time has been reduced compared to their situation before their entry into this scheme. For this reason, the parttime CLCA could, in certain cases, encourage the use of a part-time based mode of reconciliation which continues beyond the duration of benefit receipt.
Insertion professionnelle et sociale des jeunes vulnérables [Les conseillers des missions locales entre adaptation et tensions]
Authors: Muniglia Virginie , Thalineau Alain
Published: December 2013

This paper builds on previous research on the support of disadvantaged young people in local social and health policies. Based on research conducted within the local missions, it shows that there is a tension between the political trends, which demand a quick professional integration of young people from the dedicated services, and the difficulty for workers to meet this requirement. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interplay between the expectations of young people and the logics of integration policies, as well as the role that the professional identity of the workers plays in this regard. As a result, it appears that the workers demonstrate a caring attitude as well as aspiration for social efficiency and affirmation of professionalism. These intervention logics depend also on the local settings structuring the activities of the workers in terms of partnership organization and the characteristics of the young people arriving at the local missions.
Normes de parentalités : production et réception [Revue de littérature ]
Authors: Chauffaut Delphine , Dauphin Sandrine
Published: December 2013

FRE: Parentalité , Normes, Éducation familiale
Influence de la fratrie sur les relations entre enfants adultes et parents
Authors: Régnier-Loilier Arnaud
Published: December 2013

FRE: Relations familiales , Fratries , Enquête ERFI
Quarante ans d’évaluation ministérielle des acquis des élèves en France : complexification et politisation.
Authors: Pons Xavier
Published: December 2013

Adoptant une perspective de sociologie historique des instruments d’action publique, cet article retrace la carrière d’un outil d’évaluation utilisé dans le champ de l’éducation en France depuis le milieu des années 1970, particulièrement emblématique des hésitations contemporaines en matière de régulation de ce système scolaire : les évaluations standardisées des acquis des élèves mises en oeuvre par le ministère de l’Éducation nationale. Sur la base de matériaux rassemblés dans le cadre de trois recherches qualitatives complémentaires, l’auteur analyse la succession de quatre étapes dans la carrière de cet outil au gré des impulsions et des ruptures introduites par les décideurs, de l’évolution de ses propriétés méthodologiques et morphologiques et de sa réception par les professionnels de l’éducation. Cette perspective met en évidence deux évolutions majeures de l’outil que sont sa complexification et sa politisation.
Le panel des bénéficiaires de l’API en Meurthe-et-Moselle : bilan de l’expérience et nouveaux résultats.
Authors: Chaupain-Guillot Sabine , Guillot Olivier
Published: December 2013

From 1991 to 2009, a panel of lone parents receiving Single Parent Allowance (API) was gradually built up from individual data contained in the management files at the Meurthe-et-Moselle Family Allowance Office. This panel allows to reconstruct individual spells of API receipt over a period of 215 months, from July 1991 to May 2009, for more than 26,000 lone parents. It also provides information on the living conditions of recipients after they left the system. Indeed, they were followed as long as they continued to receive, in the local administrative area of Meurthe-et-Moselle, at least one other family benefit. The aim of this article is twofold. First of all, it sets out to summarise what could be learnt about the individual trajectories of API recipients from the Meurthe-et-Moselle longitudinal file, whilst emphasising the main limitations of such a source. Secondly, it presents some new results from these data. The analysis carried out here shows that the circumstances of exit from API have not varied much during the 1990s and 2000s. It also emerges that setting up back to work incentives, from 1999, had hardly any impact on the employment rate of recipients.
La « politique des indicateurs » : contenu et limites.
Authors: Elbaum Mireille
Published: December 2013

Dans le domaine de la protection sociale comme des politiques sociales dans leur ensemble, les questions de suivi et d’évaluation font l’objet d’une attention de plus en plus affirmée, mais avec une grande diversité de définitions, de méthodes et d’intervenants. Depuis quelques années, priorité a été donnée au développement d’indicateurs censés permettre, au niveau national comme européen, d’apprécier régulièrement les résultats de ces politiques. Les types d’approches et d’indicateurs mobilisés sont toutefois très différents, et ne sauraient se substituer à une réelle démarche d’évaluation des politiques publiques, dont le cadre et le contenu sont loin d’être stabilisés.
Diversité des objectifs des politiques sociales et place des usagers-citoyens dans leur évaluation
Authors: Chauffaut Delphine , Domingo Pauline
Published: December 2013

FRE: Usagers , Politiques sociales , Évaluation.
Travailler en crèche : un choix par défaut et une hétérogénéité des professions source de tensions.
Authors: Odena Sophie
Published: December 2013

Using the analysis of the biographical career paths of different categories of practitioners working in child day care nurseries, this article questions the various ways of entering the profession. What are the circumstances, motivation and changes in direction (professional and/ or personal) which lead towards this sector ? What do various individuals base their professional identity on and what knowledge do they claim to have ? What are the consequences of this for the professional network ? Early years professions in day nurseries are characterised by diversity, with health professionals, social professions and so-called “ unqualified” staff

all working together. During the last few decades, training programmes, systems of reference and the content of training programmes have undergone a significant transformation to meet society’s new demands and the new objectives of day care centres. Yet even today, none of these training programmes are specific to work in day nurseries. Analysis of the biographical career paths of early years practitioners therefore shows that neither a “ vocation” nor “ love” of children guide these choices. Professional entry into this sector often comes about by default.
Le travail émotionnel des professionnelles de la petite enfance.
Authors: Ulmann Anne-Lise
Published: December 2013

Whether simple domestic tasks are a highlight or the opposite, a drudge, the day-to-day work of early years practitioners rouses little interest. This exploratory study was carried out in two day nurseries with seven child minders and focuses on these everyday activities to show their complexity and issues they raise too. Caught between the demands of a service relationship and the invisibility of care work, these practitioners find suppressing their emotions a real challenge. They perform an intensely emotional job, all the more trying since they cannot talk about it or discuss it. This heavy emotional burden can manifest itself in health problems. Making everyday professional actions visible therefore throws into question the recognition of these professions and the creation of less discriminatory social relationships.
Approche ergonomique et pénibilité perçue du travail avec les tout-petits
Authors: Valléry Gérard , Leduc Sylvain
Published: December 2013

FRE: Ergonomie , Métiers petite enfance , Souffrance au travail
Mesure et facteurs explicatifs des difficultés d’emploi des assistantes maternelles agréées. Une enquête menée dans le département du Nord
Authors: Bardaille Nathalie , Bouvier Émilie
Published: December 2013

FRE: Assistantes maternelles , Département du Nord , Métiers petite enfance
La fratrie comme ressource [Le rôle des aînés dans les parcours scolaires des enfants de familles nombreuses]
Authors: Vanhée Olivier , Bois Géraldine , Panabière Gaële-Henri , Court Martine , Bertrand Julien
Published: December 2013

Numerous statistical studies show that growing up in a large family has a negative impact on a child''s academic future. A survey, which involved around 20 families being interviewed, showed, to the contrary, that siblings can be a resource, in particular in those families with very little cultural capital. The article analyses the methods and effects of cultural and educational support given by older siblings in large families. While, in certain circumstances, older siblings can have a beneficial impact on the academic progress of younger siblings, we can also observe a parallel positive influence on the academic career of older siblings and on parenting practices.
Taille de la fratrie et statut social des enfants d’immigrés issus de familles nombreuses.
Authors: Moguérou Laure , Santelli Emmanuelle , Primon Jean-Luc , Hamel Christelle
Published: December 2013

La relation entre la taille de la fratrie et la destinée sociale a rarement fait l'objet d'analyses systématiques. L'étude publiée par Dominique Merllié et Olivier Monso, parue dans France, Portrait Social - Edition 2007, constitue sur ce thème une contribution majeure. Cet article s'inscrit dans son prolongement et vise à déterminer si la taille des fratries affecte le devenir social des enfants d'immigrés, le cas échéant dans quel sens et dans quelle mesure l'enquête Trajectoires et Origines, réalisée conjointement par l'Institut national d'études démographiques et l'Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques entre septembre 2008 et février 2009, a pour particularité d'avoir surreprésenté cette sous-population minoritaire et de permettre une telle analyse. Les résultats montrent que le désavantage social des enfants de familles très nombreuses, établi pour la population majoritaire, vaut également pour les enfants d'immigrés. Mais, à caractéristiques familiales et personnelles comparables, les différences selon l'origine s'annulent dans la population masculine et s'inversent dans la population féminine. Ce faisant, l'article propose quelques pistes explicatives des disparités observées.
Les familles recomposées en Gironde
Authors: Bogner Alexandre , Bonvel Maud , Guillet Philippe , Vinkel Benoît
Published: December 2013

FRE: Parentalité , Familles recomposées , Gironde.
Comparaison des systèmes de protection sociale : tous les pays nordiques se ressemblent-ils ?
Authors: Greve Bent
Published: December 2013

Cet article présente et analyse l’évolution de l’État-providence dans les pays nordiques, en les comparant à l’ensemble des vingt-sept pays de l’Union européenne à partir de données sur l’emploi, les dépenses de protection sociale, les modes d’accueil et les inégalités sociales. Il montre que le modèle nordique prévaut encore mais subit des transformations rapides qui n’en font plus un mode aussi distinctif par rapport aux autres pays européens. En outre, l’une des pierres angulaires dans le modèle des politiques d’activation par l’emploi a évolué vers une importance supérieure accordée à une approche par le travail et moins par l’éducation. La flexicurité est encore, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, davantage de la flexibilité que de la sécurité.
Le récent recalibrage du marché du travail et du système de protection sociale au Danemark
Authors: Jørgensen Henning
Published: December 2013

Les changements dans le système de régulation du marché du travail durant la dernière décennie ont introduit davantage d’éléments sur « le travail d’abord » dans les politiques du marché du travail et diminué la place et le rôle du corporatisme. Le système de flexicurité au Danemark est affaibli en matière de sécurité, comme le montrent des réformes de l’allocation chômage, des retraites ainsi que celles dans l’activation. Des « pièges à pauvreté » particuliers à l’intention des immigrés et des réfugiés ont également été mis en oeuvre de 2002 à 2012. Ceci pourrait indiquer une rupture avec les principes de l’État-providence universaliste. Même si le Danemark a de bonnes performances économiques, le système semble maintenant se trouver dans une conjoncture critique.
L’État-providence suédois comme modèle social productif
Authors: Morel Nathalie
Published: December 2013

The Swedish welfare state as a productive social model.

Since the 1930s Sweden has developed an original approach to social policy, considering it not as a cost but as a productive investment that can reconcile economic efficiency and social equity. Thus, the social investment discourse, which has become very popular today both at the European and OECD level, and which advocates a reorientation of resources from “ passive” to “ active” social expenditures, seems to find some of its inspiration in the policies that have been set up in the Nordic countries, and theorized in Sweden especially. This article analyses the foundations and the development of this Swedish productive social model in order to better understand the specificities of this model and its success, but also to put into perspective the current European orientations around the social investment perspective.
Protection de l’enfance : parcours scolaires des enfants placés
Authors: Potin Émilie
Published: December 2013

La protection de l’enfant est tout d’abord physique à partir du retrait de l’enfant de son milieu d’origine quand un (risque de) danger pour l’enfant a été désigné. Elle est aussi sociale car il s’agit de doter l’enfant en ressources pour lui permettre d’affronter les risques futurs. Cette assurance pour l’avenir peut s’observer de différentes manières. Dans cet article, le choix s’est porté sur la scolarité des enfants placés. En mettant en perspective le parcours de placement et le parcours scolaire, il s’agit de mieux comprendre pour quelles raisons le placement est une ressource pour certains et pas pour d’autres.
RSA et lutte contre la pauvreté : quels effets sur les travailleurs pauvres ?
Authors: Allègre Guillaume
Published: December 2013

Le revenu de solidarité active (RSA) a été mis en place en 2009 avec pour double objectif de lutter contre la pauvreté des travailleurs et d’inciter à la reprise d’activité. Cet article a pour objet d’analyser la réforme par rapport à l’objectif de réduction de la pauvreté laborieuse. Après avoir discuté de la construction et de la pertinence de la catégorie statistique « travailleurs pauvres » , l’auteur souligne que si la réforme du (RSA) est a priori bien ciblée sur ces travailleurs pauvres, elle s’accompagne de laissés-pour-compte. Dans le contexte de la crise économique, les politiques visant à renforcer les incitations financières à la reprise d’emploi ont rencontré un échec prévisible en termes d’emploi. Ce dernier s’est doublé d’un échec en termes redistributifs dû à un non-recours élevé. Ce non-recours est lié à la conception du RSA-activité. L’auteur propose de le reconcevoir comme un instrument de soutien aux bas revenus, ayant pour caractéristique de ne pas être désincitatif, plutôt que comme un instrument visant à inciter à la reprise d’activité.
La prime pour l’emploi, le RAS-activité, et au-delà. À la recherche d’un mécanisme de soutien aux bas revenus d’activité
Authors: Gomel Bernard , Serverin Evelyne
Published: December 2013

FRE: PPE, RSA,Travailleurs pauvres
Le rôle du RSA-activité en cas de destruction d’emplois. Une analyse du modèle de microsimulation INES
Authors: Cazenave Marie-Cécile , Buffeteau Sophie
Published: December 2013

FRE: RSA, Microsimulation, Insertion professionnelle
Les vecteurs du non-recours au revenu de solidarité active du point de vue de l’usager
Authors: Pucci Muriel , Domingo Pauline
Published: December 2013

FRE: RSA,Non-recours, Usagers
Les allocataires à bas revenus de La Réunion : une population au plus près de la pauvreté
Authors: Cally Jean-Romain
Published: December 2013

FRE: Pauvreté monétaire, Bas revenus, Prestations familiales
New methods reveal oldest known fossil epiphyllous moss: Bryiidites utahensis gen. et sp. nov. (Bryidae)
Authors: Barclay Richard S. , McElwain Jennifer C. , Duckett Jeffrey G. , van Es Maarten H. , Mostaert Anika S. , Pressel Silvia , Sageman Bradley B.
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Epiphyllous bryophytes are a highly characteristic feature of many humid tropical forest ecosystems. In contrast to the extensive fossil record for the leaves of their host plants, the record is virtually nonexistent for the epiphylls themselves, despite a fossil record for mosses that begins in the Middle Carboniferous Period, 330 million years ago.

• Methods: Epifluorescence optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate an intimate association between a newly discovered epiphyllous moss and a Lauraceae plant host from the middle Cretaceous.

• Key results: We describe the oldest fossil specimen of an epiphyllous moss, Bryiidites utahensis gen. et sp. nov., identified from an individual specimen only 450 µm long, situated on an approximately one millimeter square fossil leaf fragment. The moss epiphyll is exquisitely preserved as germinating spores and short‐celled protonemata with transverse and oblique cross‐walls closely matching those of extant epiphyllous mosses on the surface of the plant‐leaf hosts.

• Conclusions: The extension of the epiphyll record back to the middle Cretaceous provides fossil evidence for the appearance of epiphyllous mosses during the diversification of flowering plants, at least 95 million years ago. It also provides substantive evidence for a tropical maritime climate in central North America during the middle Cretaceous.
Moss stomata in highly elaborated Oedipodium (Oedipodiaceae) and highly reduced Ephemerum (Pottiaceae) sporophytes are remarkably similar
Authors: Merced Amelia , Renzaglia Karen S.
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Mosses are central in understanding the origin, diversification, and early function of stomata in land plants. Oedipodium, the first extant moss with true stomata, has an elaborated capsule with numerous long‐pored stomata; in contrast, the reduced and short‐lived Ephemerum has few round‐pored stomata. Here we present a comparative study of sporophyte anatomy and ultrastructure of stomata in two divergent mosses and its implications for stomata diversity and function.

• Methods: Mature sporophytes of two moss species were studied using light, fluorescence, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Immunolocalization of pectin was conducted on Oedipodium using the LM19 antibody.

• Key results: Oedipodium capsules have extensive spongy tissue along the apophysis, whereas those of Ephemerum have minimal substomatal cavities. Stomatal ultrastructure and wall thickenings are highly similar. Sporophytes are covered by a cuticle that is thicker on guard cells and extends along walls surrounding the pore. Epicuticular waxes and pectin clog pores in old capsules.

• Conclusions: Ultrastructure of stomata in these mosses is similar to each other and less variable than that of tracheophytes. Anatomical features such as the presence of a cuticle, water‐conducting cells, and spongy tissues with large areas for gas exchange are more pronounced in Oedipodium sporophytes and support the role of stomata in gas exchange and water transport during development and maturation. These features are modified in the reduced sporophytes of Ephemerum. Capsule anatomy coupled with the exclusive existence of stomata on capsules supports the concept that stomata in moss may also facilitate drying and dispersal of spores.