bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tafel slopes and exchange current densities of oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution on steel
Authors: van Ede M. C. , Angst U.
Published: January 2024

The prediction and prevention of steel corrosion in engineering applications rely on the accurate understanding of kinetic parameters, such as the Tafel slopes and exchange current densities. These parameters show a large spread in literature. We investigated the dependency of these kinetic parameters on the measurement methodology for stainless and carbon steels, in a controlled rotating disk electrode setup with a near-neutral (pH 7.5) buffer solution. Consistent results were found for hydrogen evolution on stainless steel, with Tafel slopes of −0.13 to −0.15 V/dec and exchange current densities around 0.01–0.02 A/m2. The studied oxygen reduction kinetics showed the largest dependency on the measurement methodology, especially the potentiodynamic scan direction. Supported by active light reflectance spectroscopy, the large observed variations were attributed to the influence of an oxide film, which may overshadow the oxygen reduction at small over-potentials. The obtained variation gives insight on the accuracy of documented and measured values.
Am I There Yet? The Importance of Discussing Anticipated Graduation Term With Newly Enrolled Advisees: A Case Study
Authors: Bowlus Angela M. D. , Khang Mai Shoua , Bellas Allen
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the impact of the topics discussed in an initial advising meeting on student retention and graduation. Understanding and connecting students’ motivations and goals to degree planning is a popular research topic, but limited information is available about how to implement this. This research considers six specific discussion topics for an initial advising contact. Data on newly enrolled students was collected over 3 years. A binomial logistic model was used to estimate the impact of discussing specific topics on retention and graduation. Results suggest that discussion of when students can declare a major and identification of an anticipated graduation term significantly increases the probability of graduation.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients With Advanced-Stage Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Following the Administration of Capsule Formulation of the Standardized Extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC
Authors: Saeheng Teerachat , Karbwang Juntra , Cheomung Anurak , Tongsiri Nisit , Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: January 2024

Background:

A statistical model is essential in determining the appropriate predictive indicators for therapies in many types of cancers. Predictors have been compared favorably to the traditional systems for many cancers. Thus, this study has been proposed as a new standard approach. A recent study on the clinical efficacy of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. (AL) revealed the higher clinical benefits in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) treated with AL compared with standard supportive care. We investigated the relationships between clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of serum bioactivity of AL and its active constituent atractylodin and determined therapeutic ranges.

Methods:

Group 1 of advanced-stage ICC patients received daily doses of 1000 mg of standardized extract of the capsule formulation of AL (CMC-AL) for 90 days. Group 2 received daily doses of 1000 mg of CMC-AL for 14 days, followed by 1500 mg for 14 days, and 2000 mg for 62 days. Group 3 (control group) received palliative care. Cox proportional hazard model and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were applied to determine the cut-off values of AUC0-inf, Cmax, and Cavg associated with therapeutic outcomes. Number needed to treat (NNT) and relative risk (RR) were also applied to determine potential predictors.

Results:

The AUC0-inf of total AL bioactivity of >96.71 µg hour/ml was identified as a promising predictor of disease prognosis, that is, progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate (DCR). Cmax of total AL bioactivity of >21.42 was identified as a predictor of the prognosis of survival. The therapeutic range of total AL bioactivity for PFS and DCR is 14.48 to 65.8 µg/ml, and for overall survival is 10.97 to 65.8 µg/ml. Conclusions: The predictors of ICC disease prognosis were established based on the pharmacokinetics of total AL bioactivity. The information could be exploited to improve the clinical efficacy of AL in patients with advanced-stage ICC. These predictors will be validated in a phase 2B clinical study.

Trial Registration:

TCTR20210129007 (TCTR: www.clinicaltrials.in.th).
Investigation of the household storage of medicines and disposal practices in Parklands sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Malde Shreya , Noah Naumih M
Published: January 2024

Over time there has been an increase in access to medicine, leading to the bulk of drugs becoming unused and being kept at home. Storage of unused medicines poses a threat to everyone at home. Unsafe drug disposal can lead to serious health hazards since it not only affects the safety of the public but also harms the environment. Therefore, correct guidelines and protocols are needed to ensure their safe storage and disposal methods. This study investigated the disposal of pharmaceutical drugs in Parklands sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional research design where 164 households were randomly selected, and the data was collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the statistical package of social science software (SPSS) and Excel. At the time of data collection, out of the 164 households, 148 (91%) had kept medicines in their houses, and among them, 77 (48%) households had kept those medicines because their symptoms improved over time and they felt better. The most common place for the storage of medicines was the bedroom. Domestic trash was the major disposal practice for medications in 97 (59%) households. Most of the respondents, 81 (49%), were cognizant of the detrimental effects of the improper disposal of expired medications on human health and the environment. What was more, the majority of the respondents did not get counsel from pharmacists and other medical services experts on the most proficient method to discard unused/left-over and expired medications thus indicating inappropriate disposal methods are being practiced.
Investigating raised white cells, sepsis and antibiotic administration in obstructive urolithiasis: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Akiboye Deji , Leung Yan , Taheem Muhesh , Gordon Stephen
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Patients with obstructive ureteric calculi frequently present with leucocytosis, prompting empirical antibiotic treatment. Evidence for antibiotics in these cases is limited. This study investigated whether leucocytosis is a reliable marker of sepsis in obstructive urolithiasis, and assessed factors associated with sepsis after emergency department (A&E) discharge, including antibiotic administration.

Methods:

Retrospective data collection was performed on all patients with computed tomography (CT)-proven ureteric calculi presenting to a single centre A&E between October 2019 and October 2020. Data were collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, stone factors, serum and urinalysis and relevant culture results. Multivariable regression analysis assessed significant correlations for immediate/delayed sepsis, serum leucocytes and antibiotic administration.

Results:

In total, 392 patients (298:98 M:F) met the inclusion criteria. Raised leucocytes were found in 212 patients (54.4%) with 24 patients (6.1%) admitted immediately with sepsis, and 12 (3.1%) returning with sepsis. In total, 83 patients received antibiotics, of whom 57 (68.7%) had no immediate or delayed sepsis. Multivariable regression showed immediate sepsis significantly associated with stone size, presence and degree of type 2 diabetes ( p < 0.012). Re-presentation with sepsis significantly correlated with female gender and multiple stones ( p < 0.039) with antibiotic administration showing no benefit. Raised leucocytes showed no relation to immediate sepsis or delayed sepsis ( p > 0.33).

Conclusions:

Leucocytosis alone is not a reliable marker of sepsis with obstructing ureteric stones. Septic patients are more likely to have severe diabetes with larger stones; female patients with multiple calculi are more likely to re-present with sepsis. In our cohort, antibiotics did not prevent re-presentation with sepsis and should not be given unnecessarily.

Level of evidence:

Level 4
Effect of Social Media Posts on Stock Market During COVID-19 Infodemic: An Agenda Diffusion Approach
Authors: Wang Xin , Vergeer Maurice
Published: January 2024

This study assesses the impact of social media posts by different categories of opinion leaders on the stock market during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infodemic. After aggregating tweets ( n = 302,806) into diverse agendas based on posters’ professional attributes, time-series analyses reveal that increased COVID-19 attention from media and public health agendas is linked to reduced stock prices. By contrast, emphasis on COVID-19 by political agendas tends to increase stock prices, contingent on public agenda sentiment levels due to negative bias. Additionally, the sentiment of the public agenda boosts stock prices through a chain mediating process. This study indicates that posts by politicians are more effective in preventing market crashes compared to those from media or public health experts. This research contributes to agenda-setting theory by introducing the agenda-diffusion approach, highlighting the distinct roles of opinion leaders, their dynamic effects, and the diffusion process. The findings provide insights for crisis management in future pandemics.
The influence of social environment and facility support on smoking in adolescent males in Indonesia
Authors: Artanti Kurnia Dwi , Arista Rosaline Dinda , Fazmi Tatu Indira Khairunnisa
Published: January 2024

Background:

The high number of smokers in Indonesia, including adolescents, causes high morbidity due to smoking. Reducing the incidence of smoking-related disease in Indonesia needs to be done by reducing the number of smokers. This can be done by preventing smoking as early as possible, including during adolescence. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of adolescent male smokers and determine the social environment and facility support that influences smoking behavior in adolescent males aged 15–18 years in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Design and method:

A cross-sectional study was performed from 1st October 2021 to 31st January 2022 on adolescent males aged 15 to 18 from senior high schools in Surabaya. 369 respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire about social environment and facility support that influence smoking behavior. The questionnaire result of the questionnaire was computed using bivariate analysis to examine the relationship between social environment, facility support, and smoking behavior.

Result:

Of the 369 eligible participants, 95 (25.7%) were smokers, while the remaining 274 were not. The factors affecting smoking among adolescents were families influence ( p = 0.000; PR = 4.805; CI = 2.923–7.900), friends influence ( p = 0.000; RP = 3.987; CI = 2.4906.383), and advertisements influence ( p = 0.000; RP = 3.137; CI = 2.275–4.325). Facility support was not found to be too influential ( p = 0.399; RP = 0.767; CI = 0.472–1.245). Familia influence was the strongest factor in smoking among adolescent males aged 15 to 18.

Conclusions:

Integrated programs and policies are needed to prevent and rehabilitate adolescents from smoking behavior. Improving their understanding of the health impacts of smoking is also needed.
Morphological Changes of the Posterior Femoral Condyle After Medial Patellar Retinaculum Plasty in Skeletally Immature Patients With Recurrent Patellar Dislocation and Trochlear Dysplasia
Authors: Guo Hailong , Zhou Kezhen , Sun Zhiwen , Feng Ao , Qin Shiqi , Liu Lei , Sun Ran , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: January 2024

Background:

Surgical correction for recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) can improve femoral trochlear morphology; nonetheless, the effects of surgical correction on femoral condyle morphology are unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate the morphological changes in the posterior femoral condyle in skeletally immature patients with RPD and trochlear dysplasia (TD) after surgical correction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 20 skeletally immature patients with bilateral RPD and TD were included in this study. For each patient, the knee that was dislocated more frequently or had sustained a recent injury was treated with medial patellar retinaculum plasty (group S; n = 20 knees), and the asymptomatic or only occasionally dislocated contralateral knee was treated conservatively (group C; n = 20 knees). The lengths of the anterior medial and lateral femoral condyles and the lengths of the posterior medial and lateral femoral condyles were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Trochlear morphological characteristics, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance, and patellar tilt angle were compared between preoperative and final follow-up values with the 2-sample paired Student t test and were compared between groups S and C with the independent-samples t test.

Results:

The mean follow-up time was 60.7 ± 4.8 months. No knee in group S experienced a redislocation, whereas 80% (16/20) of knees in group C experienced a dislocation. There were significant group differences in the ratio of the posterior medial femoral condyle (PMFC) to the posterior lateral femoral condyle (PLFC) (group S, 1.08 ± 0.05; group C, 1.14 ± 0.06; P = .042). There was no significant difference in the ratio of the anterior lateral femoral condyle to the anterior medial femoral condyle (group S, 1.16 ± 0.13; group C, 1.18 ± 0.09; P = .635). In group S, all trochlear morphological characteristics and patellofemoral joint characteristics improved compared with preoperatively ( P≤ .047 for all). In addition, all values significantly differed between groups S and C at the final follow-up ( P≤ .044 for all).

Conclusion:

The study findings demonstrated that the morphology of the posterior femoral condyle in skeletally immature patients with bilateral RPD and TD changes after surgical correction, with the PLFC growing faster than the PMFC.
Survival Status and Predictors of Tuberculosis Development Among Under 5 Children Admitted With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wake Addisu Dabi
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The burden of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains unacceptably high worldwide. The burden of Tuberculosis (TB) co-occurring with SAM in under 5 children is a significant focus for the improvement of child health. The co-existence of these diseases are significantly enhancing the associated morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs among this population. Objective. To determine survival status and predictors of TB development in under 5 children with SAM in Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was done in 247 under 5 children with SAM between January 01/2018 and December 31/2022. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data extraction format was used to collect data from the patient’s medical chart. EpiData version 4.6.0.6 was used for data entry and exported to STATA version 14.2 for statistical analysis. Result. This study includes 247 under 5 children with SAM with a response rate of 100%. Regarding to the survival status; 24(17%) of under 5 children with SAM have developed the events (TB) and the rest of them, 205(83%) were censored. The incidence density rate (IDR) of TB in under 5 children with SAM was 45.51 per 100 (95% CI: 33.63, 61.58) children-months observation. The cumulative incidence of TB was 17% (95% CI: 12.79, 22.25). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that: having a history of TB contact (AHR = 5.56, 95% CI: 2.77, 11.15, P-value = .000), having a history of bottle feeding (AHR = 4.95, 95%CI: 1.08, 22.77, P-value = .040), did not take F100 (AHR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12, 7.25, P-value = .00) were statistically significant predictors of TB development. Conclusion. This study shows that the IDR of TB was high. Having a history of TB contact, history of bottle feeding, and not taking F100 were significant predictors of TB development. It is vital to address these predictors to prevent the development of TB in this population. Moreover, early screening of TB in these children should get high emphasize.
Determinants of Neonatal Sepsis among Neonates Admitted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, and Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Yeshambel Ephrem , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Aynalem Bewket Yeserah , Bayile Yewbmirt Sharew
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is the primary cause of increased newborn morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the factors of neonatal sepsis are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with neonatal sepsis in the study area. Methods. A case-control study design was conducted among 60 cases and 120 controls. Variables with P ≤ .25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression, and statistical significance was declared at P < .05. Result. Birth weight <2500-g (AOR = 4.05 [1.44, 11.36], number of ANC visits <3 (AOR = 4.49 [1.70, 11.86], duration of rupture of membrane ≥18 hours (AOR = 4.42; [2.02, 9.66], first minute APGAR score <7 (AOR = 3.09 [1.10, 8.70], birth at a health-center (AOR = 0.22 [0.08, 0.60]) and instrumental delivery (AOR = 0.30 [0.10, 0.88]) were factors associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion. Neonatal sepsis was associated with different factors like prolonged membrane rupture, birth weight, and antenatal care visits.
Book review: Bhangya Bhulya, Subjugated Nomads: The Lambadas Under the Rule of the Nizams
Authors: Chatterjee Sabyasachi
Published: January 2024

Bhangya Bhulya, Subjugated Nomads: The Lambadas Under the Rule of the Nizams. Orient BlackSwan, First Paperback Edition 2022, xxiii + 296 pp., ₹695. ISBN: 9789354420726.
Prognostic impact of cooccurring mutations in FLT3-ITD pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tarlock Katherine , Gerbing Robert B. , Ries Rhonda E. , Smith Jenny L. , Leonti Amanda , Huang Benjamin J. , Kirkey Danielle , Robinson Leila , Peplinksi Jack H. , Lange Beverly , Cooper Todd M. , Gamis Alan S. , Kolb E. Anders , Aplenc Richard , Pollard Jessica A. , Alonzo Todd A. , Meshinchi Soheil
Published: January 2024

We sought to define the cooccurring mutational profile of FLT3-ITD–positive (ITDpos) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in pediatric and young adult patients and to define the prognostic impact of cooperating mutations. We identified 464 patients with FLT3-ITD mutations treated on Children’s Oncology Group trials with available sequencing and outcome data. Overall survival, event-free survival (EFS), and relapse risk were determined according to the presence of cooccurring risk stratifying mutations. Among the cohort, 79% of patients had cooccurring alterations across 239 different genes that were altered through mutations or fusions. Evaluation of the prognostic impact of the cooccurring mutations demonstrated that patients with ITDpos AML experienced significantly different outcomes according to the cooccurring mutational profile. Patients with ITDpos AML harboring a cooccurring favorable-risk mutation of NPM1, CEBPA, t(8;21), or inv(16) experienced a 5-year EFS of 64%, which was significantly superior to of 22.2% for patients with ITDpos AML and poor-risk mutations of WT1, UBTF, or NUP98::NSD1 as well to 40.9% for those who lacked either favorable-risk or poor-risk mutation (ITDpos intermediate; P < .001 for both). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that cooccurring mutations had significant prognostic impact, whereas allelic ratio had no impact. Therapy intensification, specifically consolidation transplant in remission, resulted in significant improvements in survival for ITDpos AML. However, patients with ITDpos/NUP98::NSD1 continued to have poor outcomes with intensified therapy, including sorafenib. Cooccurring mutational profile in ITDpos AML has significant prognostic impacts and is critical to determining risk stratification and therapeutic allocation. These clinical trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00002798, NCT00070174, NCT00372593, and NCT01371981.
Comprehensive assessment of fine motor movement and cognitive function among older adults in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Ye-Jing , Wang Jun-Yi , Cui Han , Li Shaojie , Meng Xue , Cai Rui-Yu , Xie Juan , Sun Su-Ya , Yao Yao , Li Jing
Published: January 2024

Background

Fine motor skills are closely related to cognitive function. However, there is currently no comprehensive assessment of fine motor movement and how it corresponds with cognitive function. To conduct a complete assessment of fine motor and clarify the relationship between various dimensions of fine motor and cognitive function.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with 267 community-based participants aged ≥ 60 years in Beijing, China. We assessed four tests performance and gathered detailed fine motor indicators using Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) motion capture technology. The wearable MEMS device provided us with precise fine motion metrics, while Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function. We adopted logistic regression to analyze the relationship between fine motor movement and cognitive function.

Results

129 (48.3%) of the participants had cognitive impairment. The vast majority of fine motor movements have independent linear correlations with MoCA-BJ scores. According to logistic regression analysis, completion time in the Same-pattern tapping test (OR = 1.033, 95%CI = 1.003–1.063), Completion time of non-dominant hand in the Pieces flipping test (OR = 1.006, 95%CI = 1.000-1.011), and trajectory distance of dominant hand in the Pegboard test (OR = 1.044, 95%CI = 1.010–1.068), which represents dexterity, are related to cognitive impairment. Coordination, represented by lag time between hands in the Same-pattern tapping (OR = 1.663, 95%CI = 1.131–2.444), is correlated with cognitive impairment. Coverage in the Dual-hand drawing test as an important indicator of stability is negatively correlated with cognitive function (OR = 0.709, 95%CI = 0.6501–0.959). Based on the above 5-feature model showed consistently high accuracy and sensitivity at the MoCA-BJ score (ACU = 0.80–0.87).

Conclusions

The results of a comprehensive fine-motor assessment that integrates dexterity, coordination, and stability are closely related to cognitive functioning. Fine motor movement has the potential to be a reliable predictor of cognitive impairment.
Systematic analysis of the role of LDHs subtype in pan-cancer demonstrates the importance of LDHD in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Wu Xingwei , Wu Xiaoming , Cheng Jin , Chen Qianyi , Qi Zhilin
Published: January 2024

Background

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHs) is an enzyme involved in anaerobic glycolysis, including LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and LDHD. Given the regulatory role in the biological progression of certain tumors, we analyzed the role of LDHs in pan-cancers.

Methods

Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier curves, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlation of clinical indicators in tumor patients were used to assess the prognostic significance of LDHs in pan-cancer. The TCGA, HPA, TIMER, UALCAN, TISIDB, and Cellminer databases were used to investigate the correlation between the expression of LDHs and immune subtypes, immune checkpoint genes, methylation levels, tumor mutational load, microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and drug sensitivity. The cBioPortal database was also used to identify genomic abnormalities of LDHs in pan-cancer. A comprehensive assessment of the biological functions of LDHs was performed using GSEA. In vitro, HepG2 and Huh7 cells were transfected with LDHD siRNA and GFP-LDHD, the proliferation capacity of cells was examined using CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation assays; the migration and invasion of cells was detected by wound healing and transwell assays; western blotting was used to detect the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Akt phosphorylation.

Results

LDHs were differentially expressed in a variety of human tumor tissues. LDHs subtypes can act as pro-oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in different types of cancer and have an impact on the prognosis of patients with tumors by influencing their clinicopathological characteristics. LDHs were differentially expressed in tumor immune subtypes and molecular subtypes. In addition, LDHs expression correlated with immune checkpoint genes, tumor mutational load, and microsatellite instability. LDHD was identified to play an important role in the prognosis of HCC patients, according to a comprehensive analysis of LDHs in pan-cancer. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, knockdown of LDHD promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted the protein expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Akt phosphorylation, but inhibited the protein expression level of E-cadherin. In addition, LDHD overexpression showed the opposite changes.

Conclusion

LDHs subtypes can be used as potential prognostic markers for certain cancers. Prognostic and immunotherapeutic analysis indicated that LDHD plays an important role in the prognosis of HCC patients. In vitro experiments revealed that LDHD can affect HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating MMPs expression and EMT via Akt signaling pathway, which provides a new perspective on the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of LDHD in HCC.
Adiponectin blood levels and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Ali Mohsan , Kamran Maha , Talha Muhammad , Shad Mujeeb U.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To review the relationship between adiponectin levels and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children.

Background

ASDs are associated with pervasive social interaction and communication abnormalities. Researchers have studied various pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ASDs to identify predictors for an early diagnosis to optimize treatment outcomes. Immune dysfunction, perhaps mediated by a decrease in anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin, along with changes in other adipokines, may play a central role in increasing the risk for ASDs. However, other factors, such as low maternal vitamin D levels, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cardio-metabolic diseases, preterm delivery, and oxytocin gene polymorphism may also contribute to increased risk for ASDs.

Methods

Searches on the database; PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using keywords; adiponectin, adipokines, ASD, autism, autistic disorder, included English-language studies published till September 2022. Data were extracted on mean differences between adiponectin levels in children with and without ASDs.

Results

The search yielded six studies providing data on adiponectin levels in young patients with ASDs. As can be seen from Table 1, four of the six studies were positive for an inverse correlation between ASD and adiponectin levels. In addition, two of the four positive and one negative studies found low adiponectin levels associated with and the severity of autistic symptoms. However, results from one reviewed study were insignificant.

Conclusion

Most studies reviewed yielded lower adiponectin levels in children with ASDs as well as the severity of autistic symptoms.
Photobiomodulation therapy’s impact on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zhong Jietong , Zhang Xinyu , Ruan Yaru , Huang Yue
Published: January 2024

Background

This study explores the effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) in enhancing orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), osteogenesis, and angiogenesis through a comprehensive series of in vitro and in vivo investigations. The in vitro experiments involved co-culturing MC3T3-E1 and HUVEC cells to assess PBMT’s impact on cell proliferation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and associated gene expression. Simultaneously, an in vivo experiment utilized an OTM rat model subjected to laser irradiation at specific energy densities.

Methods

In vitro experiments involved co-culturing MC3T3-E1 and HUVEC cells treated with PBMT, enabling a comprehensive assessment of cell proliferation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and gene expression. In vivo, an OTM rat model was subjected to laser irradiation at specified energy densities. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the significance of observed differences.

Results

The results revealed a significant increase in blood vessel formation and new bone generation within the PBMT-treated group compared to the control group. In vitro, PBMT demonstrated positive effects on cell proliferation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and gene expression in the co-culture model. In vivo, laser irradiation at specific energy densities significantly enhanced OTM, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.

Conclusions

This study highlights the substantial potential of PBMT in improving post-orthodontic bone quality. The observed enhancements in angiogenesis and osteogenesis suggest a pivotal role for PBMT in optimizing treatment outcomes in orthodontic practices. The findings position PBMT as a promising therapeutic intervention that could be seamlessly integrated into orthodontic protocols, offering a novel dimension to enhance overall treatment efficacy. Beyond the laboratory, these results suggest practical significance for PBMT in clinical scenarios, emphasizing its potential to contribute to the advancement of orthodontic treatments. Further exploration of PBMT in orthodontic practices is warranted to unlock its full therapeutic potential.
Impact of grazing around industrial areas on milk heavy metals contamination and reproductive ovarian hormones of she-camel with assessment of some technological processes on reduction of toxic residue concentrations
Authors: Zakaria Asem Mohammed , Amin Yahia A. , Zakaria Haydi Mohamed , Farrag Foad , Fericean Liana , Banatean-Dunea Ioan , Abdo Mohamed , Hafez Ahmed , Mohamed Ragab Hassan
Published: January 2024

Heavy metals are one of the most toxic chemical pollutants of the environment. Their hazards not restricted to human but extend to animal productivity and reproductively. The present study aimed to assess the impact of grazing around industrial areas on the levels of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) residues in milk samples collected from dromedary she-camels and studying their effects on some ovarian hormones. In addition, the study aimed to investigate methods of removal of the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals in milk by applying different technological processes. Blood and milk samples were collected from 30 dromedary she-camels, 15 grazing in non-industrial areas (group A) and 15 grazing in industrial areas (group B). Detection of the levels of these heavy metals in milk was done. Ovarian hormones investigation on the blood was performed. Different technological processes such as boiling, skimming and fermentation were applied to all contaminated samples to reduce the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals. Results revealed that all examined milk samples in both groups contained Cu, while 40% of group A and 100 % of group B contained Al residues with different concentrations. The levels of Cu and Al residues in samples of group A not exceeded the maximum residual limit (MRL) set by World Health Organization (WHO) while 60% and 100% of milk samples in group B contained Cu and Al residues exceeded MRL, respectively. Technological processes induce variant changes in the levels of these metals in milk. Heat treatment of milk in Al vats leads to leaching of Al from containers to the milk causing significant increase in Al load, while Cu level was not significantly affected. Boiling in stainless-steel containers decreased the levels of Al and Cu but in non-significant levels. Regarding skimming process, small amount of Cu and Al escaped into the skimmed milk while greater amount were recovered in the cream. Fermentation by probiotic bacteria showed that milk fermentation has non-significant effect on Cu and Al levels. Investigation of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) revealed presence of a signification reduction in the levels of these hormones in group B compared to group A. In addition, a negative correlation was found between these heavy metals and ovarian hormones concentrations in the blood. It is concluded that grazing of dromedary camels around industrial areas induce heavy metals toxicity represented by excretion of these metals in milk and significant reduction on ovarian function showed by reduction of estrogen and progesterone levels. Technological processes such as skimming decreased the levels of Al and Cu residues in milk.
PD-1 inhibitor plus oncolytic vaccinia virus is a safe and effective treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Park Jee Soo , Lee Myung Eun , Kim Jongchan , Oh Keunhee , Lee Namhee , Jung Minsun , Jang Won Sik , Ham Won Sik
Published: January 2024

Background

Although a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is recommended as the first line treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), several immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur, especially hepatitis. We explored the therapeutic benefits and safety profile of combining oncolytic vaccinia virus, JX-594, with a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor.

Methods

We used early-stage and advanced-stage orthotopic murine mRCC models developed by our group. PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy or a PD-1 inhibitor combined with either JX-594 or a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor were systemically injected through the peritoneum. An immunofluorescence analysis was performed to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). irAEs were assessed in terms of hepatitis.

Results

In the early-stage mRCC model mice, the combination of JX-594 and a PD-1 inhibitor significantly decreased the primary tumor size and number of lung nodules, compared with the ICI combination, but the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination and ICI combination did not differ significantly in the advanced-stage mRCC model mice. The JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination induced tumor-suppressing TIME changes in both the early- and advanced-stage mRCC models. Furthermore, mice treated with the ICI combination had significantly greater hepatic injuries than those treated with the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination which was evaluated in early-stage mRCC model.

Conclusions

The JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination effectively reduced primary tumors and the metastatic burden, similar to ICI combination therapy, through dynamic remodeling of the TIME. Furthermore, hepatitis was significantly decreased in the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination group, suggesting the potential benefit of that combination for reducing ICI-induced toxicity.
Robust machine−learning based prognostic index using cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion genes highlights potential therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xu , Chan Shixin , Chen Jiajie , Xu Yuanmin , Dai Longfei , Han Qijun , Wang Zhenglin , Zuo Xiaomin , Yang Yang , Zhao Hu , Wang Ming , Wang Chen , Li Zichen , Zhang Huabing , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Background

A minute fraction of patients stands to derive substantial benefits from immunotherapy, primarily attributable to immune evasion. Our objective was to formulate a predictive signature rooted in genes associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion (CERGs), with the aim of predicting outcomes and discerning immunotherapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

101 machine learning algorithm combinations were applied to calculate the CERGs prognostic index (CERPI) under the cross−validation framework, and patients with CRC were separated into high− and low−CERPI groups. Relationship between immune cell infiltration levels, immune−related scores, malignant phenotypes and CERPI were further analyzed. Various machine learning methods were used to identify key genes related to both patient survival and immunotherapy benefits. Expression of HOXC6, G0S2, and MX2 was evaluated and the effects of HOXC6 and G0S2 on the viability and migration of a CRC cell line were in−vitro verified.

Results

The CERPI demonstrated robust prognostic efficacy in predicting the overall survival of CRC patients, establishing itself as an independent predictor of patient outcomes. The low−CERPI group exhibited elevated levels of immune cell infiltration and lower scores for tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, indicative of a greater potential benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between CERPI levels and malignant tumor phenotypes, suggesting that heightened CERPI expression contributes to both the occurrence and progression of tumors. Thirteen key genes were identified, and their expression patterns were scrutinized through the analysis of single−cell datasets. Notably, HOXC6, G0S2, and MX2 exhibited upregulation in both CRC cell lines and tissues. Subsequent knockdown experiments targeting G0S2 and HOXC6 resulted in a significant suppression of CRC cell viability and migration.

Conclusion

We developed the CERPI for effectively predicting survival and response to immunotherapy in patients, and these results may provide guidance for CRC diagnosis and precise treatment.
Beyond timing and step counting in 360° turning-in-place assessment: a scoping review
Authors: Netukova Slavka , Horakova Lucie , Szabo Zoltan , Krupicka Radim
Published: January 2024

Background

Turning in place is a challenging motor task and is used as a brief assessment test of lower limb function and dynamic balance. This review aims to examine how research of instrumented analysis of turning in place is implemented. In addition to reporting the studied population, we covered acquisition systems, turn detection methods, quantitative parameters, and how these parameters are computed.

Methods

Following the development of a rigorous search strategy, the Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for studies involving the use of turning-in-place. From the selected articles, the study population, types of instruments used, turn detection method, and how the turning-in-place characteristics were calculated.

Results

Twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria. The subject groups involved in the reviewed studies included young, middle-aged, and older adults, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease patients. Inertial measurement units (16 studies) and motion camera systems (5 studies) were employed for gathering measurement data, force platforms were rarely used (2 studies). Two studies used commercial software for turn detection, six studies referenced previously published algorithms, two studies developed a custom detector, and eight studies did not provide any details about the turn detection method. The most frequently used parameters were mean angular velocity (14 cases, 7 studies), turn duration (13 cases, 13 studies), peak angular velocity (8 cases, 8 studies), jerkiness (6 cases, 5 studies) and freezing-of-gait ratios (5 cases, 5 studies). Angular velocities were derived from sensors placed on the lower back (7 cases, 4 studies), trunk (4 cases, 2 studies), and shank (2 cases, 1 study). The rest (9 cases, 8 studies) did not report sensor placement. Calculation of the freezing-of-gait ratio was based on the acceleration of the lower limbs in all cases. Jerkiness computation employed acceleration in the medio-lateral (4 cases) and antero-posterior (1 case) direction. One study did not reported any details about jerkiness computation.

Conclusion

This review identified the capabilities of turning-in-place assessment in identifying movement differences between the various subject groups. The results, based on data acquired by inertial measurement units across studies, are comparable. A more in-depth analysis of tests developed for gait, which has been adopted in turning-in-place, is needed to examine their validity and accuracy.
Role of a novel circRNA-CGNL1 in regulating pancreatic cancer progression via NUDT4–HDAC4–RUNX2–GAMT-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Yuan Hao , Chen Chuang , Li Haonan , Qu Gexi , Chen Luyao , Liu Yaxing , Zhang Yufeng , Zhao Qiang , Lian Changhong , Ji Aifang , Hou Xuedong , Liu Xinjian , Jiang Kuirong , Zhu Yi , He Yuan
Published: January 2024

Background

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an extremely malignant tumor with low survival rate. Effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PC are lacking. The roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancers have been explored in various studies, however more work is needed to understand the functional roles of specific circRNAs. In this study, we explore the specific role and mechanism of circ_0035435 (termed circCGNL1) in PC.

Methods

qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect circCGNL1 expression, indicating circCGNL1 had low expression in PC cells and tissues. The function of circCGNL1 in PC progression was examined both in vitro and in vivo. circCGNL1-interacting proteins were identified by performing RNA pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, and dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results

Overexpressing circCGNL1 inhibited PC proliferation via promoting apoptosis. CircCGNL1 interacted with phosphatase nudix hydrolase 4 (NUDT4) to promote histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) dephosphorylation and subsequent HDAC4 nuclear translocation. Intranuclear HDAC4 mediated RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) deacetylation and thereby accelerating RUNX2 degradation. The transcription factor, RUNX2, inhibited guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) expression. GAMT was further verified to induce PC cell apoptosis via AMPK–AKT–Bad signaling pathway.

Conclusions

We discovered that circCGNL1 can interact with NUDT4 to enhance NUDT4-dependent HDAC4 dephosphorylation, subsequently activating HDAC4–RUNX2–GAMT-mediated apoptosis to suppress PC cell growth. These findings suggest new therapeutic targets for PC.
Association of hysterectomy with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among US women
Authors: Jin Shuanghong , Li Shaoxun , Fang Peipei , Pan Chenwei , Huang Shanshan
Published: January 2024

Background

A postmenopausal rise in the rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported in women. This study thus sought to further probe the association of hysterectomy with NAFLD.

Methods

The data utilized in this investigation were attained from the 2017-March 2020 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), reflecting a strategic utilization of comprehensive health and nutrition information in the US population, to conduct a cross-sectional examination of the relationship between self-reported hysterectomy and NAFLD. Subjects included in this study were women aged 20 years or older. The multivariable logistic regression methodologies were utilized to determine the pertinent odds ratios (ORs) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Of the 2,868 subjects enrolled in this study (mean age: 51.3 years, 95%CI: 50.0-52.6 years), 22.1% (95%CI: 19.7–24.7%) reported having undergone a hysterectomy, while 31.1% (95%CI: 28.1–34.1%) exhibited elastographic evidence of NAFLD, and 3.8% (95%CI: 2.6–5.6%) exhibited clinically significant fibrosis (CSF). Relative to women with no history of hysterectomy, those that had undergone hysterectomy exhibited a higher odd of NAFLD (OR:1.66, 95%CI: 1.24–2.21) in a multivariable model fully adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index, female hormone use, oophorectomy, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking status. Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger association among women who were not obese (OR:2.23, 95%CI:1.61–3.11), women who were not affected by diabetes (OR:1.76, 95%CI: 1.25–2.46), and without hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.10–3.16). No significant association of hysterectomy with NAFLD encompassing CSF was identified.

Conclusions

The results of the present nationally representative analysis suggested an association between hysterectomy and increased NAFLD prevalence among US women. Knowledge of this relationship may better aid clinical efforts to screen for and manage NAFLD.
Emerging mechanisms of the unfolded protein response in therapeutic resistance: from chemotherapy to Immunotherapy
Authors: He Jiang , Zhou You , Sun Lunquan
Published: January 2024

The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). As an adaptive cellular response to hostile microenvironments, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs, the UPR is activated in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumour promoter in cancer development; this role of the UPR indicates that regulation of the UPR can be utilized as a target for tumour treatment. T-cell exhaustion mainly refers to effector T cells losing their effector functions and expressing inhibitory receptors, leading to tumour immune evasion and the loss of tumour control. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR plays a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion, immune evasion, and resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of UPR activation, the effect of the UPR on immune evasion, the emerging mechanisms of the UPR in chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance, and agents that target the UPR for tumour therapeutics. An understanding of the role of the UPR in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance will be helpful to identify new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.