bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning Over Employee Turnover: A Review on Employee Alumni and Rehiring
Authors: Salehudin  , Satrya Aryana
Published: July 2018

Purpose:This paper explores how organisations can cope with high employee turnover. This paper aims to highlight potential benefits of maintaining a network of employee alumni and rehiring former employees. Finally, this paper also introduces the concept of recoverability to define the potential of employee alumni to be rehired.Approach:This paper reviewed the latest literature on employee alumni and rehiring. This paper does not discuss the potential antecedents of employee turnover, instead focuses on a coping mechanism for the consequence. Findings:This paper challenges the assumption that former employees can no longer contribute to the organisation after their resignation. Additionally, this paper disputes the premise of employee turnover finality by exploring employee rehiring as a potential solution to recoup lost human capital. Finally, this paper identifies an apparent lack of human resources management literature on employee rehiring. Research Implication:This paper discusses scientific and practical implications and future research directions on employee alumni and rehiring. Originality:This paper highlights how organisations can cope with the high rate of employee turnover, instead of attempting to minimise it. This paper also extends the definition of functional turnover by introducing the potential of employee rehiring and recoverability of lost human capital.
Methods for Studying the Contextual Nature of Implicit Cognition
Authors: Shepherd Hana
Published: July 2018

This chapter begins with the contention that many key theoretical questions in the sociology of culture depend on our understanding of the interaction of culture at the individual level, and forms of culture that exist publicly, external to individuals. A central assumption of this argument is that processes of implicit cognition, an aspect of how culture is stored at the individual level, depend on the social, physical, and cultural environmental of an individual. The chapter reviews findings and methods from multiple fields that can inform the study of the relationship between individual level implicit cognition and environmental context. I examine this relationship both in terms of how context informs the acquisition and the activation of implicit cognition at the individual level. Drawing on studies of implicit cognition measures in real-world settings, and laboratory and survey experiments, I discuss how these methods can be used to examine outstanding questions in the sociology of culture.
Displacement, deforestation, and drugs: antiquities trafficking and the narcotics support economies of Guatemala
Authors: Yates Donna
Published: July 2018

The possible connection between the illicit traffic in antiquities and the illicit trafficking of narcotics is often discussed but poorly understood. It is clear that many of the primary centers of narcotics cultivation and transport have also experienced endemic looting of archaeological sites (e.g., Afghanistan, the Andes, Central America, and Southeast Asia) and many of the primary cen- tres for narcotics demand are also considered to be the demand end of the illicit antiquities market (e.g., the United States, Europe). The susceptibility of the market in illicit cultural objects to money laundering has been established (Bowman 2008; Brodie 1999, 2009; De Sanctis 2013; Christ and von Selle 2012; Mackenzie 2011; Ulph 2011). Of those organized trafficking groups involved in a diversified portfolio of illicit activities, most are dealing in drugs as well as other commodities (Mackenzie 2002: 2). The market prices obtained for antiq- uities seem too high for such organizations to ignore. It “makes sense” that organized criminal groups involved in drug trafficking would also engage in antiquities trafficking when it was convenient. Yet, for the most part, assertions that these two illicit markets are connected during sourcing, transit, or sale remain speculative at best.In this chapter I will present a preliminary evaluation of existing evidence for the connection between antiquities trafficking and narcotics trafficking in Central America, particularly through the Petén department of the Republic of Guatemala, the heartland of the ancient Maya. I will begin with an overview of what is known about the historic structure of Central American antiquities looting and trafficking networks. Two phases of semi-organized and organized looting in the region are identified, the shift occurring due to changes in regu- lation and enforcement. This is followed by a discussion of the rise of narcotics trafficking in the region as it relates to post-conflict land distribution: a situ- ation that brings both narcotics traffickers and the victims of their support economies closer and closer to archaeological sites. I will then present two preliminary case studies of archaeological sites exploited, at least in part, as a result of the activities of narcotics cartels. I will conclude with a short assess- ment of what evidence exists for antiquities being looted and moved by nar- cotics traffickers and what realistic connections appear to exist between these two illicit networks.
An outside view: What do observers say about others’ races and Hispanic origins?
Authors: Rastogi Sonya , LIEBLER CAROLYN , Noon James
Published: July 2018

Outsiders’ views of a person’s race or Hispanic origin can impact how she sees herself, how she reports her race and Hispanic origins, and her social and economic experiences. The way outsiders describe non-strangers in terms of their race and Hispanic origin may reveal popular assumptions about which race/Hispanic categories are salient for Americans, which kinds of people are seen as multiracial, and the types of cues people use when identifying another person’s race. We study patterns of observer identification using a unique, large, linked data source with two measures of a person’s race and Hispanic origin. One measure (from Census 2000 or the 2010 Census) was provided by a household respondent and the other (from the other census year) was provided by a census proxy reporter (e.g., a neighbor) who responded on behalf of a non-responsive household. We ask: Does an outsider’s report of a person’s race and Hispanic origin match a household report? We find that in about 90% of our 3.7 million (nonrepresentative) cases, proxy reports of a person’s race and Hispanic origin match responses given by the household in a different census year. Match rates are high for the largest groups: non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and Asians and for Hispanics, though proxies are not very able to replicate the race responses of Hispanics. Matches are much less common for people in smaller groups (American Indian/Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, Some Other Race, and multiracial). We also ask: What predicts a matched response and what predicts a particular unmatched response? We find evidence of the persistence of hypodescent for blacks and hyperdescent for American Indians. Biracial Asian-whites and Pacific Islander-whites are more often seen by others as non-Hispanic white than as people of color. Proxy reporters tend to identify children as multiple race and elders as single race, whether they are or not. The race/Hispanic composition of the tract is more powerfully predictive of a particular unmatched response than are tract-level measures of socioeconomic status; unmatched responses are often consistent with the race/Hispanic characteristics of the neighborhood.
The Gender Income Gap and the Roles of Education and Family Formation: A Scientific Replication of Bobbitt-Zeher (2007)
Authors: Ochsenfeld Fabian
Published: July 2018

This article reports the results of a replication of Bobbitt-Zeher’s 2007 Sociology of Education article “The Gender Income Gap and the Role of Education” based on comparable data from Germany. Models that emulate the original specifications successfully replicate the results. However, models that instead adhere to Bobbitt-Zeher’s theory concerning the gendered effect of family formation call her key finding that “family formation has virtually no effect on the income gap” into question.
Privacy and Modern Advertising: Most US Internet Users Want 'Do Not Track' to Stop Collection of Data about their Online Activities
Authors: Urban Jennifer
Published: July 2018

*Abstract: *Most Americans have not heard of 'Do Not Track,' a proposal to allow Internet users to exercise more control over online advertising. However, when probed, most prefer that Do Not Track block advertisers from collecting data about their online activities. This is a much more privacy-protective approach for Do Not Track than what has been proposed by the advertising industry.In previous studies, we have found that Americans think they are protected by strong online privacy laws. Here, we probed beliefs about tracking on medical websites and 'free' websites, with most not able to answer true/false questions correctly about tracking. This result brings into question notice-and-choice models that depend on consumer understanding of the terms for their legitimacy.We also probed Internet users' attitudes towards advertising. Most Internet users say that they do not find utility in online advertising, with half claiming that they never click on ads.Advertisers and consumers are at an impasse on privacy. Advertisers seem to be seeking a kind of total information awareness for behavioral advertising, and have proposed self-regulatory guidelines with little bite. At the same time, both our survey evidence and media reports show consumer opposition to tracking.Do Not Track has emerged from the current skirmish between consumers and advertisers, but it is a relatively modest intervention that does little to shift the underlying incentives that have driven increasing tracking and aggregation of information about consumers. It is foreseeable that regardless of the form Do Not Track takes, websites will simply require consumers to disable it in order to access content. A fundamental change in incentives may be necessary to relieve this impasse and find an approach for advertising that is not so dependent upon third-party tracking and aggregation of information, both online and off.Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2152135
Pornography Use and Marital Quality: Testing the Moral Incongruence Hypothesis
Authors: Perry Samuel
Published: July 2018

Studies often report a negative association between pornography use and marital quality. A number of studies, however, find this negative association to be stronger among religious Americans, suggesting that “moral incongruence” may be a key moderating factor. This theory is tested with panel data from the nationally representative 2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study (N = 612). Support for the theory is mixed. Any pornography use in 2006 predicts lower marital quality in 2012 regardless of whether the viewer felt pornography use was always immoral. However, among pornography viewers, the negative association between marital quality and viewing frequency is stronger for those who morally oppose pornography. Findings hold regardless of gender. Data limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Stalling for Time
Authors: Furmuzachi Gabriel
Published: July 2018

Carel Fabritius left behind few but important works of art. We are concerned here with the View in Delft, and attempt to make two points about it. The first is that this small painting manages to break away from the classical perception of perspective, an endeavor informed mostly by new findings in the field of optics of the time. The second point, theoretically related to the first, stresses compositional elements that would bring View in Delft closer to a meditation on the fleetingness of life, making it a "town-scape" vanitas.
The Romantic and Sexual Experiences of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Ontario, Canada.
Authors: Santinele Martino Alan
Published: July 2018

This dissertation will examine the sexual and intimate lives of adults with intellectual disabilitiesby putting into conversation theories from both the sociology of sexualities and the field ofcritical disability studies. The intersection of disabilities and sexualities remains a taboo topic inour society (Esmail et al. 2009; Shakespeare 2014). Research on the intersection of disabilitiesand sexualities remains under-researched and under-theorized in both the sociology of sexualitiesand critical disability studies, resulting in significant gaps in our understanding of the sexual andintimate lived experiences of disabled people (Erel et al. 2011; Kattari 2015; Liddiard 2011,2013; McRuer and Mollow 2012).
Metajournals. A federalist proposal for scholarly communication and data aggregation
Authors: Pievatolo Maria Chiara
Published: July 2018

While the EU is building an open access infrastructure of archives (e.g. Openaire) and it is trying to implement it in the Horizon 2020 program, the gap between the tools and the human beings – researchers, citizen scientists, students, ordinary people – is still wide. The necessity to dictate open access publishing as a mandate for the EU funded research – ten years after the BOAI - is an obvious symptom of it: there is a chasm between the net and the public use of reason. To escalate the advancement and the reuse of research, we should federate the multitude of already existing open access journals in federal open overlay journals that receive their contents from the member journals and boost it with their aggregation power and their semantic web tools. The article contains both the theoretical basis and the guidelines for a project whose goals are: 1. making open access journals visible, highly cited and powerful, by federating them into wide disciplinary overlay journals; 2. avoiding the traps of the “authors pay” open access business model, by exploiting one of the virtue of federalism: the federate journals can remain little and affordable, if they gain visibility from the power of the federal overlay journal aggregating them; 3. enriching the overlay journals both through semantic annotation tools and by means of open platforms dedicated to host ex post peer review and experts comments; 4. making the selection and evaluation processes and their resulting data as much as possible public and open, to avoid the pitfalls (e. g, the serials price crisis) experienced by the closed access publishing model. It is about time to free academic publishing from its expensive walled gardens and to put to test the tools that can help us to transform it in one open forest, with one hundred flowers – and one hundred trailblazers.
Bacon was right all along: What we need is an epistemic transformation
Authors: Bast Felix
Published: July 2018

In this popular essay, the discipline of philosophy is introduced for the uninformed. Many divide the discipline of philosophy to Western and Eastern, however, it is argued that this division suffers from the logical fallacy of false dichotomy. A widespread belief that spirituality and theology are subtypes of philosophy is indeed a myth; the formal philosophy deals only with the rational persuasion of ideas to find answers to the real world problems. An understanding of logic and dialectic is needed to formulate persuasive arguments, which in turn is crucial for the future of any learned citizens, for example, while writing an excellent essay or delivering a charismatic public speech. Albeit the high relevance of this discipline, in India, philosophy is not taught as part of the school or university curricula, which I find a significant foible in our education system. Importance of having one's philosophy of life is elucidated. My own philosophy of life, including Politics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics and Aesthetics is expounded in this essay. Finally, I identify four significant issues in today’s India and provide possible solutions for them, with a spotlight on the Baconian ideas, and how pertinent those are even after four centuries.
Designing Personal Sustainability into Organizational Culture: The Case of Burning Man
Authors: Radziwill Nicole , Benton Morgan C.
Published: July 2018

Efforts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations has been ongoing for over a century, starting with the “scientific management” approach of Frederick Taylor and the “functions and principles” approach of Henri Fayol that gained popularity in the first two decades of the 1900s. More recently, the notion of sustainability -- that is, the efficient use of energy and resources at both the personal and organizational levels -- has been recognized as a contributor to developing competitive advantage. Personal sustainability contributes to organizational sustainability by raising awareness about sustainability at the organizational level, promoting engagement among members of an organization, and ensuring that individuals have the energy and resources to contribute to the overall mission of the organization. For this interplay to occur, though, sustainability must be part of the organization’s core values. In this case study, we examine the culture of the annual Burning Man event in the Black Rock Desert of northwestern Nevada, and examine how personal sustainability impacts the success of the event, while helping to create a strong cultural identity among participants known as “Burners”.
The universal basic income: Benefits, pseudo-problems, and real problems
Authors: Kovic Marko
Published: July 2018

The universal basic income is a controversial political idea. Some common reasons for dismissing the basic income, however, are based on misconceptions and biases. A more level-headed view of the basic income reveals its tremendous potential positive impact, such as mitigating the cost of poverty. Still, the idea of the basic income has at least two important real problems: Incentivizing people in a basic income system to be as productive as possible, and actually rolling out the basic income in a world in which it does not yet exist.
Decarbonisation
Authors: Lane Richard
Published: July 2018

This chapter argues that critiques levelled at the anthropocene - that it prematurely settles who the ‘we’ are that bear both the historic responsibility and the brunt of the uneven impacts of contemporary environmental crises - also need to be made of decarbonisation as a goal of global climate governance. It maintains that decarbonisation should, similarly to the anthropocene, be thought of as ‘bad universal’, that in fact currently forecloses the difficult political work necessary to address the multiple complex issues of globe-spanning climate change. Its apparently positive conceptual content (the absolute necessity to reduce global emissions) is written precisely through the silences it imposes on the broad array of conflicts, oppressions and impacts that have historically lead to these emissions through the development of fossil-fuel based capitalism. I outline here the processes of exclusion, exploitation and incoherence through which decarbonisation has been developed, institutionally stabilised and propagated, and highlights the incoherencies that this results in. Through this process it aims to point towards the conditions required for an emancipatory and truly transformatory politics of decarbonisation.
A Computational Model of Crowds for Collective Intelligence
Authors: Prpić John
Published: July 2018

In this work, we present a high-level computational model of IT-mediated crowds for collective intelligence. We introduce the Crowd Capital perspective as an organizational level model of collective intelligence generation from IT-mediated crowds, and specify a computational system including agents, forms of IT, and organizational knowledge.Prpić, J., Jackson, P., & Nguyen, T. (2014). A Computational Model of Crowds for Collective Intelligence. Collective Intelligence 2014. MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.
The timescape of smart cities
Authors: Kitchin Rob
Published: July 2018

To date, critical examinations of smart cities have largely ignored their temporality. In this paper I consider smart cities from a temporal perspective arguing that they produce a new timescape and constitute space-time machines. The first half of the paper examines temporal relations and rhythms, exploring how smart cities are the products of and contribute to space-time compression, create new urban polyrhythms, alter the practices of scheduling, and change the pace and tempos of everyday activities. The second half of the paper details how smart cities shape the nature of temporal modalities, considering how they reframe and utilise the relationship between the past, present and future. The analysis draws from a set of 43 interviews conducted in Dublin, Ireland, and highlights that much of the power of smart urbanism is derived from how it produces a new timescape, rather than simply reconfiguring spatial relations.
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Social Media: Understanding the Relationship Between Facebook, Twitter, and Political Understanding
Authors: Siegel Ruby
Published: July 2018

Social media is ubiquitous and holds a significant place in modern society. Social media feeds are inundated with political content and are used by politicians and citizens alike to post political commentary. Neither mass media nor politics are new areas of study in sociology, but the entanglement of the two is proving to be of interest, as some scholarship argues that social media is driving changes in how politics works in the United States. We must consider how the citizenry consumes and processes political information in the modern era in view of the interplay between social media and current events. This study examines how membership and/or regular use of Facebook, and membership and/or regular use of Twitter affects perceived political understanding. I propose that, respectively, Facebook and Twitter use will increase perception of political understanding. Analysis of data from the 2016 General Social Survey reveals that Twitter membership and/or regular use is correlated with political understanding; meaning that those who use Twitter are more likely to believe they have an understanding of the political issues facing our country. The data confirms that the relationship between social media and political understanding must be taken seriously, and warrants deeper exploration. There is a need for future research that explores the kinds of content individuals consume on social media and the time they spend on these sites in order to develop a more robust understanding of exactly how social media use affects political understanding
The Problem of Process in Biotechnology
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

Patent law routinely relies on distinctions between products and processes, but the courts appear to have a great deal of trouble distinguishing the two when it comes to biotechnology cases. Over the past two decades, this has led to a series of cases grappling with a process-related problems that are characteristic of biotechnology patents. These cases include those dealing with obviousness of macromolecules, those addressing the so-called "Durden" problem of patenting old processes that use novel substrates or create novel products, and several recent importation cases considering sections 271(f) and 271(g) of the U.S. patent statute. It is no accident that biotechnology patent cases repeatedly coalesce around such process-related issues; rather, in biotechnology patenting a discontinuity at the center of patent law has finally come to light. This anomaly is due to the character of molecules as channels for informational transfer processes, and the inability of current patent doctrine to encompass information transfer. Consequently, conflicts regarding process and product will be endemic not only to the patenting of biotechnology products, but also other informational products, particularly software.
The Comparative Method in Practice: Case Selection and the Social Science of Revolution
Authors: Beck Colin J
Published: July 2018

Formalization of comparative case methodology has given the appearance of growing consensus and cross-disciplinary acceptance around a set of best practices. Yet how researchers actually use a method may differ widely from what methodologists believe, which is the crux of institutionalization of a method. This study examines whether comparative methodology has, in fact, institutionalized within the social sciences using evidence from the entire corpus of comparative studies of revolution published from 1970 to 2009. Content analysis of methods of case selection within the revolution subfield reveals a wide diversity of strategies with only modest methodological awareness by practitioners, a lack of consensus among which case selection strategies to use, and little convergence over time. Thus, the comparative method has not yet institutionalized in its practice. Methodological practice has implications for the coverage of cases of revolution and what is substantively known about the phenomenon.
Noise and the City: Leveraging crowdsourced big data to examine the spatio-temporal relationship between urban development and noise annoyance
Authors: Hong Andy , Kim Byoungjun , Widener Michael
Published: July 2018

Noise is one of the most frequently complained nuisances and public health hazards. While traffic-related noise has been studied extensively, research on construction noise has been lacking. In this study, we examined the relationship between construction activities and noise annoyance and tested whether this relationship is stronger during after-hours. Data were drawn from a historical inventory of major development projects and crowdsourced citizen complaints data (311 calls) in Vancouver, Canada from 2011 to 2016. Mixed effects models were developed with an interaction between construction activities and after-hours report. Results show that neighborhood noise complaints were significantly associated with major constructions (IRR = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.024–1.097). A significant interaction effect was also found between construction activities and after-hours reporting (IRR = 1.050 CI = 1.012–1.087). To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to empirically show adverse effects of urban development on noise annoyance. Results imply that existing noise bylaws may not be effective in restricting construction activities at night and during sleeping hours that may cause adverse health effects.
Racial Diversity and Union Organizing in the United States, 1999--2008
Authors: Ferguson John-Paul
Published: July 2018

Does racial diversity make it harder to form a union? Case studies giveconflicting answers, and little large-scale research on the questionexists. Most quantitative research on race and unionization studies trendsin membership rather than the outcome of specific organizing drives, andassumes that the main problem is mistrust between workers and unions,paying less attention for example to the role of employers. I explore therole of racial and ethnic diversity in the outcomes of nearly 7,000organizing drives launched between 1999 and 2008. By matching the NationalLabor Relations Board’s information on union activity with the EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission’s surveys of large establishments, Ireconstruct the demographic composition of the work groups involved in eachmobilization. I find that more diverse establishments are less likely tosee successful organizing attempts. However, I find little evidence thatthis is because workers are less interested in voting for unions. Instead,I find that the organizers of more diverse units are more likely to give upbefore such elections are held. Furthermore, this higher quit rate can beexplained best by the other organizations involved in the organizing drive.In particular, employers are more likely to be charged with unfair laborpractices when the unit in question is more racially diverse. This effectpersists when controlling for heterogeneity among industries, unions andregions.
The Geographical Imagination
Authors: Gieseking Jack
Published: July 2018

Geographers attach multiple definitions to the term geographical imagination, many of which can be traced back to the work of Hugh Prince, David Harvey, and Derek Gregory. The term is most often used in relation to understandings of the landscape, the power of maps, studies of identity and oppression, and/or meanings of large territories as they relate to everyday lives such as the city, nature, or the nation-state. At its best, the geographical imagination affords the user ways to pry open the power of assumptions, stereotypes, and expectations associated with space and place, and to delve into how and why they are linked.
Transformative Teaching and Educational Fair Use After Georgia State
Authors: Butler Brandon Collins
Published: July 2018

The Supreme Court has said that copyright’s fair use doctrine is a “First Amendment safety valve” because it ensures that certain crucial cultural activities are not unduly burdened by copyright. While many such activities (criticism, commentary, parody) have benefited from the courts’ increased attention to First Amendment values, one such activity, education, has been mired for years in a minimalist, market-based vision of fair use that is largely out of touch with mainstream fair use jurisprudence. The latest installment in the history of educational fair use, the 11th Circuit’s opinion in the Georgia State University e-reserves case, may be the last judicial word on the subject for years to come, and I argue that its import is primarily in its rejection of outdated guidelines and case law, rather than any affirmative vision of fair use, which the court studiously avoids. Because of the unique factual context of the case, it stops short of bridging the gap between educational fair use and modern transformative use jurisprudence. With help from recent scholarship on broad patterns in fair use case law, I pick up where the GSU court left off, describing a variety of common educational uses that are categorizable as transformative, and, therefore, entitled to broad deference under contemporary fair use doctrine. In the process, I show a way forward for vindicating fair use rights and First Amendment rights, by applying the transformative use concept at lower levels of abstraction to help practice communities make sense of the doctrine.
Making Austerity Popular: The Media and Mass Attitudes Towards Fiscal Policy
Authors: Hicks Timothy , Barnes Lucy
Published: July 2018

What explains variation in individual attitudes towards government deficits? Although macroeconomic stance is of paramount importance for contemporary governments, our understanding of its popular politics is limited. We argue that popular attitudes regarding austerity are influenced by media (and wider elite) framing. Information necessary to form preferences on the deficit is not provided neutrally, and its provision shapes how voters understand their interests. A wide range of evidence from Britain between 2010 and 2015 supports this claim. In the British Election Study, deficit attitudes vary systematically with the source of news consumption, even controlling for party identification. A structural topic model of two major newspapers' reporting shows that content varies systematically with respect to coverage of public borrowing --- in ways that intuitively accord with the attitudes of their readerships. Finally, a survey experiment suggests causation from media to attitudes: deficit preferences change based on the presentation of deficit information.
The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited
Authors: Lersch Philipp M.
Published: July 2018

This study examines the association between marriage and economic wealth of women and men. Going beyond previous research, which focused on household wealth, I examine personal wealth which allows identifying gender disparities in the association between marriage and wealth. Using unique data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, 2012), I apply random-effects and fixed-effects regression models to test my expectations. I find that both, women and men, experience substantial marriage wealth premiums not only in household but also in personal wealth. I do not find consistent evidence for gender disparities in these general marriage premiums. Additional analyses indicate, however, that women’s marriage premiums are substantially lower than men’s premiums in older cohorts and when only considering non-housing wealth. Overall, this study provides new evidence that women and men gain unequally in their wealth attainment through marriage.
Project Risk Management Incorporating Knight, Ellsberg & Kahneman
Authors: Prpić John
Published: July 2018

This work investigates the Practice Standard for Project Risk Management (PSPRM) in light of the fundamental organizational risk research. As a result of this investigation, the work finds that the PSPRM is lacking some key concepts from the extant organizational risk literature and that other fundamental risk concepts are not applied in a manner consistent with the literature. Building on these findings, the work illustrates how project risk management and project risk research might be effected by these deficiencies and recommends some simple measures that could be implemented to usefully augment the PSPRM and project risk research.Prpić, J., (2016). Project Risk Management Incorporating Knight, Ellsberg & Kahneman. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences #49. January 2016, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press
Liberal Statebuilding Interventions and the Monopoly on Violence
Authors: Brast Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Since the end of the Cold War, liberal statebuilding interventions in conflict-ridden societies have become a major feature of the international system. Although these interventions seek to export liberal statehood, they often fail to establish the minimum feature of the modern state: The monopoly on the use of force. The dissertation seeks to explain the outcomes of liberal statebuilding interventions in terms of violence regulation. Using a novel process-tracing method, the study looks for violence monopolization patterns within and across the cases of Afghanistan, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Sierra Leone. The findings indicate that a liberal statebuilding intervention leads to a state monopoly on violence when the intervention is supported by key regional actors and when the target society had a history of strong statehood prior to civil war.
Spillovers
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Economists since Demsetz have viewed property rights as a way tointernalize the external costs and benefits one party's action confers onanother. They have thought this internalization desirable, reasoning thatif a party didn't capture the full social value of her actions she wouldn'thave optimal incentives to engage in those actions. Measured by thisstandard, IP rights are inefficiently weak. There is abundant evidence thatthe social value of innovations far exceeds the private value. But there isalso good evidence that, contrary to what economists might assume, thesespillovers actually encourage greater innovation. The result is a puzzlefor Demsetzians.In this article, we offer three insights that help to explain the positiverole of innovation spillovers. First, we note that in IP, unlike realproperty, a wide range of externalities matter, because IP rights are muchless certain than property rights, and because the decision to create alegal entitlement will determine whether or not a transaction must occur.Second, we make the point that while society needs some ex ante incentiveto innovate, it doesn't need (and doesn't particularly want) fullinternalization of the benefits of an invention. Third, we observe thateven where internalizing externalities is desirable, property rights do notin fact do so perfectly, and they create problematic distortions incircumstances in which the buyer in a transaction makes productive reuse ofthe work. The result of combining these insights is that at least whereinnovation is concerned, we cannot rely on the easy equation of propertyrights with efficient internalization of externalities.
NO TRUMP!: A statistical exercise in priming
Authors: gelman andrew
Published: July 2018

How are people unconsciously influenced by the rise of Donald Trump? We test the theory that Trump’s rise has irrationally changed the behavior of one group of people: elite bridge players, whom we assume are otherwise completely typical. We examine the hands played in one of the premier North American bridge events, the Vanderbilt Knockout Tournament, in 1999 and 2015. We find that players had significantly higher probabilities of making No Trump contracts in the 2015 period compared with the earlier periods. We conclude that in the latter period, defending players are subtly deranged by the prospect of Trump and play their hands worse. By contrast, a 2015 European tournament shows no significant difference with the earlier 1999 tournament. This strengthens our conclusion.
Anthropology of Outer Space: Familiar Scales, Strange Sites (CFP, AAA 2015)
Authors: Oman-Reagan Michael P. , Turner Kira
Published: July 2018

This panel aims to investigate the meanings, limits, and possibilities of expanding our anthropological fieldwork into space. At stake is an understanding of how human activity in space increasingly shapes possible human futures both on and off planet Earth. We ask: What are the constraints and potentialities of interrogating outer space in this emerging era of science, imagination, exploration, and settlement?Keywords:Robotics, History, Future Studies, Geography, Environmental Science, Physics, Space Sciences, Economics, Anthropology, Medical Anthropology, Political Economy, Ontology, Tourism Studies, Social Sciences, Political Ecology, Astrobiology, Exoplanets, STS, Environmental Sustainability, Social Studies Of Science, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astroanthropology, Infrastructure, Call for PapersPlease cite as:Oman-Reagan, Michael P. and Kira Turner. 2015. Call for Papers: “Anthropology of Outer Space: Familiar Scales, Strange Sites.” 114th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association; Denver, Colorado. 18-22 November.
Heritage Language Loss in the Chinese Community in Argentina
Authors: Ho Calvin N.
Published: July 2018

A rapid linguistic shift is happening in the Chinese community in Argentina, one of the newest immigrant groups in the country. Second- and third-generation Chinese-Argentines are quickly abandoning their home language variety (e.g. Taiwanese or Fujianese) for Spanish. At the same time, their parents are sending them to weekend language schools to acquire Standard Mandarin, a variety distinct from the language of the home. Through an ethnographic study of a weekend language school in Buenos Aires Chinatown, I seek to explore the phenomenon of language loss in the Chinese-Argentine community. In order to provide sufficient background to explain the linguistic and sociological phenomena observed, this paper will begin by providing a description of the Chinese community in Argentina, outlining theories of language loss in minority communities, and reviewing historical language shifts in China and Argentina. After laying out this framework, I will then describe the ethnographic project and analyze the observations I gathered in the field. I find that the Chinese community in Argentina is generally following the Fishman (1965) model of language shift, in which the Argentine-born second-generation is dominant in Spanish and chooses to raise children in that language, meaning that subsequent generations are monolingual in Spanish. However, weekend language schools complicate this shift by teaching Standard Mandarin to the youth of the community. Because second- and third-generation children are still acquiring Standard Mandarin in these schools, Chinese language and culture are being maintained at some level; however, it is still unclear how stable this maintenance is. What is clear is that because there is little to no reinforcement outside of the home, non-standard varieties of Chinese will not survive past the second generation. I hope that this paper will spur further research on the Chinese-Argentine community, on which there is very little social science literature.
Marconi's Legacy: National Sovereignty Claims in Radio
Authors: Horvitz Robert
Published: July 2018

Abstract:Presented at the 1st COMMUNIA Workshop on "Technology and the PublicDomain," NEXA Center for Internet and Society, Politecnico di Torino,Italy, 18 January 2008.Since early in the 20th century, national governments have assertedsovereignty over the electromagnetic spectrum. These assertions wereinitially embraced as a way to control the monopolistic ambitions andoffensive business practices of the Marconi Wireless TelegraphCompany. They are still the basis of radio regulation. However, aswireless communication moves to higher and higher frequencies - intothe range of infrared (heat) and free space optics (light) - it isbecoming obvious that claiming sovereignty over radio frequenciesmakes no more sense than claiming sovereignty over colors of therainbow. Is radio legally different from light? If not, might wesomeday need government authorisation to use certain colors of lightfor certain purposes, as with the invisible colors of radio?
You can’t live or work here in Vancouver, BC and you won’t be able to attend our future Top 10 university either – is loss of autonomy a characteristic of neoliberalism?
Authors: Lans Cheryl
Published: July 2018

The philosopher Suzy Killmister introduces the concept of self-trust as part of autonomy. In this essay I contrast the autonomy demonstrated in the behaviour of two University of British Columbia (UBC) professors, former President Arvind Gupta, and Jennifer Berdahl, the Montalbano Professor of Leadership Studies: Gender and Diversity. Berdahl trusted that the UBC Faculty Association would be competent in protecting her academic freedom and treating her with benevolence. Berdahl has a multi-disciplinary academic focus that includes organizational studies. This gave her competency in assessing the situation, and the confidence that she would not self-sabotage by going public about her encounter with the former Chair of the Board of Governors of UBC.
How Information Shapes Portfolio Allocation During Financial Crises
Authors: Boero Riccardo , Monti Marco
Published: July 2018

During financial crises individual investors modify their portfolio allocation to decrease their exposure to more risky investments such as equities. Most recent empirical analyses of this phenomenon have focused on changes in risk attitudes, and in risk and return expectations but, so far, inconclusive evidence has been provided that changes in those psychological variables play a causal role in the actual decision making at work. Furthermore, the duration of the phenomenon, which is very short, is often not considered and it is thus unclear why the situation recovers so quickly after crises. Relying on experimental data and on a simple agent-based model, we propose an alternative explanation of this phenomenon based on the interaction of the two most important phases that individuals undertake in decision making, namely (1) searching information about possible options and (2) selecting the preferred one. Our main result is that the observed reallocation of portfolios in times of crisis is not the result of a portfolio reassessment driven by the crisis but it is instead explained by changes in search behavior for information on specific market conditions.
California Restrictive Employment Covenants After Edwards
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

In Edwards v. Arthur Andersen, the California Supreme Court reaffirmed thestate's strong policy against noncompetition agreements, rejecting theNinth Circuit's "narrow restraint" exception. We explain what the Courtdid, why California's policy makes sense, and what the opinion will meanfor employers, for the high-tech industry, and for trade secret law.
Instrumental variables based on twin births are by definition not valid (v.3.0)
Authors: Öberg Stefan
Published: July 2018

Twin births are a well-known and widespread example of a so-called “natural experiment”. Instrumental variables based on twin births have been used in many studies to estimate the causal effect of the number of children on the parents or siblings. I use the potential outcomes framework to show that these instrumental variables do not work as intended. They are fundamentally flawed and will always lead to severely biased estimates without any meaningful interpretation. This has been overlooked in previous research because too little attention has been paid to defining the treatment in this natural experiment. I analyze three different possible interpretations of the treatment and show that they all lead to inherent violations of the necessary assumptions. The effect of the number of on the parents or siblings is a policy relevant and theoretically important issue. The scientific record should therefore be corrected to not lead to misguided decisions.
Preliminary report on the 2008 and 2009 excavation seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon)
Authors: Gwiazda Mariusz
Published: July 2018

Report from archaeological excavations in 2008 and 2009 carried out at the coastal site of Jiyeh in Lebanon, following up on earlier investigations, by Polish archaeologists.Remains of late Roman –Byzantine dwellings in the central part of the site, excavated originally by a Lebanese mission in 1975, were re-explored including documentation of finds in local museum collections, said to have come from these excavations. Testing in this part of the habitation quarter produced a provisional stratification, from the Iron Age (8th–7thcentury BC) directly on bedrock, through the Persian–Hellenistic period (5th–2nd centuries BC) to the late Roman–Byzantine age when the quarter has reoccupied. A curious feature consisting of pots sunk in the floor in several of the late Roman and Byzantine-age houses is discussed in the first of two appendices. The other appendix treats on stone thresholds from these houses, five types of which have been distinguished, reflecting different technical solutions used to close doors
Vidéoformation « orientée-activité » : quelles utilisations pour quels effets sur les enseignants ?
Authors: Flandin Simon
Published: July 2018

L’émergence relativement récente des entrées « analyse de l’activité » dans le champ de la formation des enseignants a contribué à relancer et renouveler la conception et l’utilisation de dispositifs vidéo (Leblanc & Veyrunes, 2012). Parmi eux, la plateforme Néopass@ction propose notamment des ressources basées sur une modélisation des transformations de l’activité des enseignants débutants visant à aider les formés à analyser des situations de classe réelles et fréquemment rencontrées. En favorisant de cette manière l’instruction de problèmes typiques de l’entrée dans le métier, les concepteurs postulent que les formés peuvent transformer leur propre activité en classe. En outre, un programme de recherche en analyse de l’activité vise à déterminer quels sont les effets réels de ce type de vidéoformation (Ria & Leblanc, 2011 ; Flandin & Ria, 2014a). Cet article se propose d’en synthétiser et comparer les résultats selon trois axes analytiques : a) la « mise en relation » de l’activité visionnée par le formé avec sa propre activité de travail ; b) les processus de transformation de cette activité et c) les conditions technologiques les favorisant. Ces résultats nous permettent de proposer ensuite un méta-modèle plus générique des apports du « voir » pour le « faire », s’appuyant sur les dimensions anthropologiques et technologiques de l’activité humaine médiatisée. Cette dernière partie discute les conditions à mettre en œuvre en vidéoformation pour contribuer à des transformations majorantes de l’activité des enseignants.