bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des cavaliers comme «beaux gosses»
Authors: Orfanos Charalampos
Published: September 2009

Des cavaliers comme «beaux gosses» (pp. 181-194)

Les très aristocratiques cavaliers athéniens sont «bons à montrer», ils constituent, dans les cortèges officiels, la plus belle des attracions. La sublimation de la frise du Parthénon en est le témoignage le plus éclatant. Cependant, quand ces «beaux gosses» entraient en action, lors des opérations militaires de l'armée citoyenne, leur comportement ne semble pas avoir été conforme à l'idéal hoplitique; leurs méthodes retorses les rapprochent des psiloi plutôt que des citoyens lourdement armés qui se battaient de front et en rangs serrés. Le paradoxe de la pièce d'Aristophane est précisément que, dans la gestuelle et la chorégraphie du chœur des cavaliers, pourtant bien guerrières, comme dans les évocations d'exploits militaires que le poète met dans leurs bouches, rien ne semble rappeler leurs véritables méthodes de combat. Les cavaliers aristophanesques, malgré leur jeunesse, sont des anti-éphèbes par excellence et s'identifient volontiers aux marathonomaques, paradigmes de bravoure hoplitique. C'est précisément ce qui leur permet de combattre le Paphlagonien, cet avatar comique de Cléon qui, bien qu'adulte, a tout d'un «chasseur noir». C'est aussi ce qui permet à ces jeunes aristocrates de ne pas entrer en conflit avec le Peuple, vieillard sénile que leur action contribuera à faire rajeunir à la fin de la pièce.
Gender and hierarchy in early Athens [The strange case of the disappearance of the rich female grave]
Authors: Whitley James
Published: September 2009

Gender and Hierarchy in Early Athens (pp. 209-232)

Le concept de genre, autant que celui de hiérarchie, joue un rôle essentiel dans l'interprétation des pratiques funéraires grecques du premier âge du fer. Une des particularités d'Athènes durant cette période est ainsi la présence de «tombes féminines riches» nettement différenciées, sans équivalent dans les autres régions. Ailleurs en effet, la principale ligne de partage par genre passe non pas entre hommes adultes et femmes adultes, mais entre hommes adultes «guerriers» (généralement incinérés) d'un côté et «enfants» sexuellement indifférenciés (le plus souvent inhumés) de l'autre. On peut cependant montrer que les tombes féminines athéniennes rentrent bien dans le cadre général du symbolisme funéraire grec de l'époque géométrique, dans la mesure où elles paraissent occuper une position intermédiaire entre les deux pôles des sépultures masculines adultes et des sépultures d'enfants. L'usage de l'urne cinéraire les rapproche ainsi des tombes masculines, tandis que l'offrande d'objets figuratifs en trois dimensions les rapproche des tombes d'enfants. L'exemple des représentations de chevaux illustre bien cette division par genre: les images à deux dimensions proviennent plutôt des tombes masculines, les figurines en trois dimensions plutôt des tombes féminines. L'article se termine par une réflexion sur les raisons de la disparition de ce genre de sépulture à la fin du VIIIe siècle.
Sur Aimona Θηρης (Iliade E, 49)
Authors: Briand Michel
Published: September 2009

Sur αϊμονα θήρης (Iliade Ε, 49) (pp. 129-160)

La formule αϊμονα θήρης (Ε, 49) est comprise comme «habile à la chasse, chasseur habile», parfois «qui atteint sa proie», mais αϊμων (Eur., Héc. 90, LA. 1514) et άναί- μων (Ε, 342) se réfèrent au sang. Après l'étude de mots apparentés (αίματόεις, composés en -αίμων et -αιμος, anthroponymes, αίμωδέω), de αίμύλος (*seh2- «lier»), ainsi que du syntagme αϊμων + Génitif, on observe ici les emplois homériques de αΐμα, en schéma formulaire, et d'autres noms du sang (ίχώρ, λύθρον, βρότος, φόνος). La matrice figurative «(sang) versé» / «sang (versé)» et l'évolution des systèmes indo-européen et grec des désignations du sang (ainsi ie. ^es-Ov?)- et εαρ, κρέας, lat. saniès et sanguis) permet de voir en αίμα une désignation indirecte, «ce qui est versé», étymologiquement apparenté à ήμα et ϊημι, lat. sèmen., de *sehj- «lancer, semer, verser». L'expression αϊμονα θήρης «chasseur habile» repose, elle, sur *seh2- «lier», «être habile», et a disparu ensuite, avec le développement des dérivés de αίμα.
Euphronios et Léagros : un couple impossible [Deux inscriptions euphroniennes à relire]
Authors: Denoyelle Martine
Published: September 2009

Euphronios et Léagros, un couple impossible (pp. 7-15)

Des problèmes de lectures interprétatives aussi bien que matérielles liées au peintre et potier Euphronios sont abordés à partir de l'analyse de deux psykters, conservés respectivement au Getty et à Saint-Pétersbourg. Il n'est pas possible d'établir un lien personnel entre Euphronios et Léagros, car l'acclamation Leagros kalos ne désigne pas un personnage représenté dans la scène mais joue un rôle de réfèrent idéal. L'analyse matérielle de l'inscription du deuxième psykter révèle que le nom du jeune aristocrate n'est pas au vocatif et qu'il n'est donc pas prononcé par la jeune Smicra au banquet. Le nom est au nominatif et devait être vraisemblablement suivi de kalos. Le banquet féminin est ainsi conçu comme une fantaisie antinomique du banquet masculin, servant encore une fois les jeux de renvois entre les Pionniers.
Un nouveau bas-relief palmyrénien
Authors: Briquel-Chatonnet Françoise , Lozachmeur Hélène
Published: September 2009

Presentation of a new, finely carved relief from Palmyra, now preserved among the holdings of the Musée des Beaux- Arts in Lyon (France). The upper part consists of a carving of four deities and two animals; the dedicatory inscription below, dated 432 i.e. AD 121, is engraved in Palmyrenian. This relief provides new and fascinating evidence for the study of Palmyrenian religion.
Remarques sur une famille caravanière à Palmyre
Authors: Yon Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2009

The city of Palmyra, in the Syrian steppe, is well known for its caravan-trade, which made its fortune during the Roman period. The Aramaic and Greek epigraphical evidence allows a precise picture to be drawn of the way members of the city's upper classes were in command of the trade. Among them, the family of Marcus Ulpius Iarhai is in a conspicuous position in the middle of the 2nd cent. From the particular example of this individual, the study focuses on the trade and its organization. The vocabulary used in the inscription shows that all commercial expeditions were not ' 'caravans' ' and that the different positions (synodiarches, traders of higher or lower status) were clearly defined.
Culture et société dans le Hauran (Syrie du Sud) d'après les épigrammes funéraires (IIIe-IVe siècles ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Sartre-Fauriat Annie
Published: September 2009

We have found in the Hauran a lot of funeral poems in verse, carved on the façades of family tombs. Written between the middle of the 3rd cent. AD and the 5th cent. AD, they reveal an interesting aspect of the inhabitants' life in the Hauran. We can see through these poems that the penetration, the diffusion and appropriation of classical Greek literature in the country lasted a long time, thus making the Hauran a conservatory of Greek culture and civic virtues. The owners of these tombs appear to be rich landlords, former soldiers, benefactors of their cities, preferring to show their culture before their religious beliefs.
Figurines en plomb de 'Ain el-Djoudj (les)
Authors: Badre Leila
Published: September 2009

A collection of 85 lead figurines from 'Ain al-Djouj (from the region of Baalbeck) was acquired by the Museum of the American University of Beirut, from the same source, 32 other similar figurines were purchased by the Museum of the Kaslik University. The worshippers used to throw these figurines as ex-voto in the spring of 'Ain al-Djouj. Most of these figurines represent the main deities worshipped at Baalbeck- Heliopolis; Jupiter Heliopolitanus (60 figurines) and Mercury (55 figurines). Others, representing Venus, Bacchus and Hercules, appear in minor quantities.
Three Palmyrene reliefs in the Colket collection, University of Wyoming
Authors: Albertson Fred C.
Published: September 2009

Les trois reliefs funéraires de Palmyre, publiés ici pour la première fois, se trouvent actuellement dans l'American Heritage Center de l'université de Wyoming, Laramie (USA). Ils ont été acquis en 1881 par Charles Howard Colket à Palmyre et ils constituent les premiers exemples documentés de cette sculpture portés aux États-Unis. Trois types, plutôt rares, sont illustrés ici : une stèle représentant une jeune fille endossant un manteau décoré de glands, le buste d'un homme avec un modius placé au-dessus de son épaule droite, et le buste d'un homme portant une couronne de laurier.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLISH CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Kapliński Oleg
Published: September 2009

The utilization of Construction Management (CM) tools and Information Technology (IT) is the object of the paper. A review of the problems of usefulness of IT solutions on offer in Polish construction sector is presented. Generally, changes in approach to information technology, diversification and variety of its software, prosperity in construction industry and its solutions are the main motif of this paper. A significant discrepancy in the assessment of attractiveness and usefulness of those methods by businessmen and academics has been pointed out. Relationships between prosperity in construction market and usage of new planning methods, decision making, and IT systems are discussed. Results of studies are negative. The reasons for such a state of things have been presented. The research was based on questionnaires and interviews. Regression and correlation were used for the analysis. Besides, an attempt to describe the phenomenon of saturation of Polish construction sector with IT tools has been indicated. The discussion of those problems may be addressed to potential IT suppliers and can be implemented in different construction sectors. Santrauka Straipsnio objektas – statybos valdymo priemonių ir informacinių technologijų (IT) naudojimas. Iškeliamos Lenkijos statybos sektoriui siūlomų informacinių technologijų sprendimų naudingumo problemos. Pagrindinis straipsnio atsiradimo motyvas – kintantis požiūris į informacines technologijas, programinės įrangos įvairovė ir diversifikacija bei statybos pramonės klestėjimas. Verslininkų ir mokslininkų vertinimai minėtų technologijų patrauklumo ir naudingumo požiūriu labai skiriasi. Aptariama, ar suklestėjimas statybos rinkoje priklauso nuo naujų planavimo ir sprendimų priėmimo metodų bei informacinių technologijų naudojimo. Tyrimai pateikia neigiamą atsakymą ir paaiškina to priežastis. Tyrimas paremtas anketavimu ir interviu ėmimu. Tyrimams pritaikytos regresinė ir koreliacinė analizės. Be to, pabandyta atskleisti, kiek statybos sektorius yra prisotintas informacinėmis technologijomis. Šių problemų aptarimas gali būti naudingas informacinių technologijų teikėjams ir pritaikytas įvairiose statybos srityse.
MULTI‐ATTRIBUTE DECISION‐MAKING METHOD RESEARCH BASED ON INTERVAL VAGUE SET AND TOPSIS METHOD
Authors: Liu Peide
Published: September 2009

This paper proposed a method to resolve the multi‐attribute decision‐making problem using TOPSIS method based on attribute weights and attribute values are all interval vague value. Firstly, based on the operation rules of the interval Vague value, the interval Vague attribute value is made by weighted operation, and the ideal and negative ideal solutions are calculated based on the score function. Then the distance of interval Vague value is defined, as well as the distance between each project and the ideal, and negative ideal solutions. The relative adjacent degree is calculated by TOPSIS method, then the order of the projects is confirmed according to the relative adjacent degree. Finally, a case is used to show the process of the method this paper proposed and the validity of this method is proved. Santrauka Straipsnyje siūlomas daugiakriterinės sprendimo priėmimo problemos sprendimas TOPSIS metodu, kai kriterijų reikšmingumai ir reikšmės yra intervaliniai dydžiai. Iš pradžių, naudojantis procedūromis, nustatomos svertinės intervalinių dydžių reikšmės, paskui apskaičiuojami idealiai teigiamas ir idealiai negiamas sprendiniai. Toliau nustatomi intervalų dydžiai, apskaičiuojami atstumai tarp kiekvienos alternatyvos ir idealiai teigiamo ir idealiai neigiamo sprendinių. TOPSIS metodu apskaičiuojami santykiniai atstumai iki minėtų idealių sprendinių ir alternatyvos išrikuojamos į eilę. Galiausiai konkrečiu pavyzdžiu demonstruojamas skaičiavimo procesas ir patvirtinamas siūlomo metodo pagrįstumas.
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Tadalafil in Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: SCHIOPU ELENA , HSU VIVIEN M. , IMPENS ANN J. , ROTHMAN JENNIFER A. , McCLOSKEY DEBORAH A. , WILSON JULIANNE E. , PHILLIPS KRISTINE , SEIBOLD JAMES R.
Published: September 2009

Objective.

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is an important clinical feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for which consistently effective therapies are lacking. The study was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tadalafil, a selective, long acting type V cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE-5) inhibitor, in this clinical syndrome.

Methods.

We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing oral tadalafil at a fixed dose of 20 mg daily for a period of 4 weeks versus placebo in women with RP secondary to SSc.

Results.

Thirty-nine subjects completed the study and were evaluable. There were no statistically significant differences in Raynaud Condition Score (RCS), frequency of RP episodes, or duration of RP episodes between treatment groups. Placebo response was a confounding factor. Tadalafil was well tolerated.

Conclusion.

Tadalafil appears to be safe and well tolerated but lacks efficacy in comparison to placebo as a treatment for RP secondary to SSc.
Iconos de la ley, literaturas del desastre. La figura de Moisés en la obra de Schönberg y Thomas Mann
Authors: Bayón Fernando
Published: September 2009

Este texto pretende acercarse a la figura de Moisés tal como se elabora en el relato “La ley” de Thomas Mann (1943), y la ópera “Moisés y Aarón” de Arnold Schönberg (1932). En el caso de Schönberg, la recuperación del legislador judío resulta en un esfuerzo por responder a la crisis de la república de Weimar desde su exilio berlinés. Thomas Mann, por su parte, vuelve tras el mito de Moisés desde su exilio estadounidense, como respuesta a la dictadura nacionalsocialista. El ensayo se plantea por qué en situaciones históricas de una gravedad tan crítica el arte decide volver a narrar el mito mosaico. Especialmente nos interesa estudiar la actualidad que le conceden tanto Mann como Schönberg al problema y el método de la imposición del monoteísmo a través de la fuerza moralizadora de la Ley, en competición con el pluralismo de dioses, imágenes y normas del pueblo. Intentaremos mostrar cómo ambos artistas intentan responder a un problema de gran calado ético en la época: cuáles son las violencias necesarias para y cuáles las violencias evitadas por la búsqueda política de un ethos común para un pueblo oprimido.
Regeneracionismo, socialismo y escepticismo en Luis Araquistáin
Authors: Rivera García Antonio
Published: September 2009

Este artículo analiza aquellas posiciones filosófico-políticas que siempre encontraremos en Araquistáin, más allá de que este socialista pase por diversas fases de mayor o menor radicalismo político. Araquistáin permaneció fiel a una visión regeneracionista del problema de España, fue accidentalista, su socialismo tuvo una clara inspiración neokantiana y prefirió por lo general una filosofía de orientación escéptica o relativista. No obstante, fue en el período del exilio, en la última etapa de su vida, cuando todos esos elementos lograron una mayor coherencia y armonía.
El impulso educativo, cultural, científico, deportivo y socioeconómico que significó el exilio español republicano en Colombia. Una significativa aportación al progreso
Authors: Martínez Gorroño M.ª Eugenia , Hernández Álvarez Juan Luis
Published: September 2009

El grupo de españoles que conformó el exilio llegado a Colombia como consecuencia del golpe de estado del general Franco y el resultado de la Guerra Civil de 1936-1939, ofrece unas características específicas configuradas principalmente por las circunstancias y necesidades del país de acogida. En la década de los treinta, las tensiones entre los dos principales partidos colombianos, conservador y liberal, las concurrencias y las carencias sociales marcaron una acogida restrictiva y seleccionada. La llegada de “republicanos españoles” fue bastante reducida a nivel cuantitativo, y sin embargo, propiciada por dicha selección, supuso una enorme incidencia en la sociedad, la cultura, la educación, el deporte, la ciencia, la industria colombiana... La perspectiva del tiempo nos permite calificar la huella que el exilio español dejó en Colombia como de una “desmesurada incidencia” si tenemos en cuenta que su número pudo fluctuar entre las 500 y las 700 personas.
Muerte no accidental de un anarquista español: El periodista y escritor Benigno Bejarano muere en un campo de exterminio
Authors: Labrador Ben Julia María
Published: September 2009

El periodista y escritor anarquista Benigno Bejarano (Alburquerque, Badajoz, 22-XI-1900 - ¿Watenstedt?, Alemania, verano 1944) desarrolló una intensa labor literaria y política antes y durante la Guerra Civil española. Exiliado en Francia, es detenido por la Gestapo y trasladado a varios campos de concentración. Se da noticia de su biografía, sus obras, su exilio y su detención y reclusión hasta su muerte, gaseado en un camión fantasma por los nazis. Completa el estudio una exhaustiva bibliografía.
Instalaciones del Pabellón de España en la Expo 2008
Authors: Martín Gómez C. , López P. , Fiestas A.
Published: September 2009

El objeto de este artículo es describir las instalaciones técnicas del Pabellón de España para la Exposición Internacional de Zaragoza 2008 ‘Agua y desarrollo sostenible’. Esta descripción implica narrar el proceso proyectual seguido hasta alcanzar un edificio de bajo consumo energético, no sólo por los materiales y sistemas constructivos empleados, sino también por la eficiencia energética de las instalaciones planteadas. Por ello, se estudia desde la implantación global de los espacios requeridos por las instalaciones hasta sus principales características, de manera que el lector comprenda el funcionamiento de las mismas en relación con el conjunto e individualmente. Como se comprueba a lo largo del artículo, se trata de una obra arquitectónica que integra las medidas pasivas de ahorro energético con la innovación tecnológica de las instalaciones, consiguiendo de esta manera un icono ejemplarizante -dada la repercusión mediática de un evento como una exposición internacional- para la arquitectura sostenible (que no ‘arquitectura bioclimática’).
Damage Detection Using Piezoceramic and Magnetostrictive Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan
Published: September 2009

In this article, detection of damage using some of the commercially available smart sensors/actuators is addressed. This study considers two important smart materials, namely, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is a piezoceramic material and Terfenol‐D, which is a magnetostrictive material. Both of these smart material types have two constitutive laws, namely, the sensing and actuation laws. Here, we use sensing law, wherein the electric displacements are coupled to the mechanical strain and the electrical field in the case of PZT material, while in Terfenol‐D, the sensing law couples the magnetic flux density to the mechanical strain and the magnetic field. Finite elements are used as mathematical models for the prediction of damage. Different types of structures under both static and dynamic loadings are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the smart sensors in predicting the presence of damage. Some experimental results are provided to correlate the results obtained from the finite elements.
Damage Presence/Growth Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Gu Hua , Wang Ming L.
Published: September 2009

An interdigitated PVDF transducer (PVDF IDT) has been built in this study. This sensor generates and receives Lamb waves for damage detection. Its main features are low unit cost, easy installation, small size, superb flexibility, and the capability for wireless operation and remote interrogation. The PVDF IDT developed in this study has been applied on laminated plates composed of anisotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials with a series of embedded defects. Results have shown that these PVDF IDTs are able to qualitatively identify the existence of defects by generating size‐sensitive outcomes. The interpretation of the complex wave signals has been conducted through the employment of advanced signal‐processing methods. Time‐frequency representations (TFRs) such as the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) has been employed for data analysis.
The
HELP
‐Layer
®
System
Authors: Lemistre Michel B.
Published: September 2009

The HELP‐Layer
®
system, based on the interaction between an electromagnetic field and a material, is particularly suited to composite materials. This technique allows the main damages inside composites such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) to be localized and characterized. This technique, which can be fully embedded, is based on the local measurement of the electric field induced by electric excitation (GFRP) or magnetic induction (CFRP). All damages inducing a local variation of electric conductivity and/or dielectric permittivity of a composite material can be detected and characterized by analyzing the local disturbance of the electric field (contrast). Consequently, this technique allows detection of some damages having nonmechanical origin such as liquid ingress (e.g., water, oil, fuel) or small burns generated by electric sparks (e.g., short circuits, lightning impacts), which are barely detectable by the more classical methods such as ultrasonic analysis.

After a short recall of the principle of this technique, this article describes the technology used, the simulation method, and the algorithm developed, allowing to solve the inverse problem. Several examples of damages detected in GFRP and CFRP materials are given.
Dams
Authors: Cantieni Reto
Published: September 2009

In an introductory paragraph, some basics of health monitoring and dynamic testing of dams are discussed. These include description of forced and ambient vibration testing procedures as well as a short historical review of dynamic dam testing. The main part consists of the description of dynamic tests performed by EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, on three dams and the respective results. This includes forced vibration tests using a servohydraulic vibration generator on two medium‐sized dams, a concrete gravity dam in Switzerland, and an arch dam in Sweden as well as ambient vibration tests on a large arch dam in Switzerland.
Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Roemer Michael J.
Published: September 2009

Real‐time, integrated health monitoring of gas turbine engines that can detect, classify, and predict developing engine faults is critical to reducing operating and maintenance costs while optimizing the life of critical engine components. Statistical‐based anomaly detection algorithms, fault pattern recognition techniques, and advanced probabilistic models for diagnosing structural, performance and vibration‐related faults and degradation continue to be developed for real‐time monitoring environments. Integration and implementation of these advanced engine monitoring technologies have just begun to contribute to condition‐based maintenance programs and provide operators and maintainers with the information they need to manage risk.

This article describes a few of the leading diagnostic and prognostic technologies that are currently being applied to gas turbines, which include real‐time sensor validation and virtual sensing, performance anomaly detection and fault classification, vibration fault detection, and life‐limited component prognostics. In selected applications, these technologies have been shown to nearly eliminate the propagation of erroneous sensor readings, improve maintenance decision effectiveness by providing early warning of incipient performance and mechanical faults, as well as gauge remaining and predicted future usage associated with critical components. Such advancements are providing operators and maintainers with a more comprehensive assessment of total engine health, both mechanically and thermodynamically, and thus are starting to be used for managing entire fleets of engines and in many cases predict future availability of those fleets.
Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Chu Fulei , Yuan Shengfa , Peng Zhike
Published: September 2009

Machine learning is a hot topic of artificial intelligence, and the interests of researchers on the same have grown fast in recent years. Especially, the great potential of machine learning techniques in classification makes it more popular in the research areas where pattern recognition is involved, including the development of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for machines and structures. This article gives an outline to machine learning including the background and some key algorithms and theories that form the core of machine learning. The use of machine learning techniques in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis has also been discussed along with a basic framework of the machine‐learning‐based fault diagnosis system. More efforts have been made to introduce support vector machine (SVM), which is a significant development in machine learning. The basic procedure of the machine‐learning‐based fault diagnosis system used to perform the fault diagnosis on a turbo‐pump rotor has been illustrated by using SVM. The article is mainly intended for the readers who want a simple but exhaustive introduction to this new learning system.
Environmental Monitoring of Aircraft
Authors: Bellinger Nicholas C. , Martinez Marcias
Published: September 2009

Current aircraft life prediction methodologies do not take into account the effect that environmental degradation has on the structural integrity of a component. This has led to the setting of limits on the amount of damage, usually based on maintaining residual strength that can be present on a component. These arbitrary limits have caused a significant increase in the maintenance cost of aircraft, since components must undergo a repair procedure when the detected damage is above the preset limits. To better assess the state of an aircraft, sensors can be placed in areas known to be susceptible to environmental degradation, such as corrosion. These sensors can monitor the environment in the area of concern to determine if conditions are present to cause corrosion. Sensors can also be used to directly determine if corrosion damage is present on a particular component and to what level. However, procedures need to be developed to relate the parameters that are monitored by a particular sensor type to the life of the component. This may include the development of algorithms to relate the environmental parameters that favor the growth of corrosion to the corrosion damage present on the particular component.
Open System Architecture for Conditioned‐Based Maintenance
Authors: Walter Robert L. , Boylan David , Gilbertson Daniel
Published: September 2009

The structural health monitoring (SHM) community would be well served by integrating proprietary SHM technologies developed by many different vendors and researchers into a single open systems architecture that can evolve over time. The open systems architecture should provide the ability to

accommodate improvements in SHM algorithms over time;

integrate health assessment and prognostic assessment algorithms developed by different vendors;

integrate data collected from several sensing structural subsystems and then to aggregate that data for the structure as a whole;

communicate and store SHM data, algorithm results, and recommendations from subject matter experts, and intelligent software agents.

The International Organization for Standards (ISO) and the Machinery Information Management Open Systems Alliance (MIMOSA) standards body developed and now maintain a set of standards that satisfy these needs for an open systems architecture for condition‐based maintenance in the SHM domain.
A novel DNA repair disorder with thrombocytopenia, nephrosis and features overlapping Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Forsythe Elizabeth , Wild Ruth , Sellick Gabrielle , Houlston Richard S. , Lehmann Alan R. , Wakeling Emma
Published: September 2009

We report on four siblings with Cockayne‐like syndrome with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome. The parents were healthy and consanguineous, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of disease inheritance. UV irradiation of fibroblasts revealed an intermediate sensitivity between normal and standard Cockayne syndrome (CS) control cells. A genome‐wide linkage scan conducted using Affymetrix 10K arrays provided exclusion of the known CS genes in the family, and evidence that the disease gene maps to 1p33‐p31.1. Thrombocytopenia has not previously been linked with CS, but two patients with CS in association with nephrotic syndrome have previously been documented and the phenotypes are compared with the patients described here. We suggest that this Cockayne‐like phenotype with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome may be a novel DNA repair disorder, and propose that further investigation of other affected families may help identify the causative genetic defect. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inherited 14q duplication and 21q deletion: A rare adjacent‐2 segregation in multiple family members
Authors: Dave Bhavana J. , Olney Ann Haskins , Zaleski Dianna H. , Pickering Diane L. , Becker Troy A. , Chipman Hope E. , Sanger Warren G.
Published: September 2009

We present a family with multiple carriers of a subtle balanced translocation t(14;21)(q21.2;q21.2) and three patients with a resultant adjacent‐2 malsegregation containing a +der(14)t(14;21)(q21.2;q21.2),‐21 in their chromosome complement. The initial study was performed when a 2‐month‐old female was referred to genetics clinic for evaluation of developmental delay, growth retardation, and failure to thrive. Physical findings included prominent eyes, micrognathia, prominent and simple external ears, camptodactyly, contractures of the wrists, ankles, and hips, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, prominent atria and occipital horns, cerebellopontine hypoplasia; and small atrial septal defect. High resolution chromosomes showed an extra band on the proximal 21q and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated only one signal for the centromere of 21. Karyotypes of the parents and grandparents revealed that the mother and maternal grandfather were carriers of a balanced translocation, and the propositus contained an unbalanced chromosome complement with partial duplication of proximal 14q and partial deletion of proximal 21q. Investigations performed on an institutionalized maternal aunt revealed identical karyotypic abnormalities as in the propositus. More recently, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on a subsequent child with multiple congenital anomalies further out in the extended family allowed for more accurate identification of the breakpoints. Our investigation includes analysis on a total of 11 family members spanning three generations. Among those investigated, there were no living members with other possible consequential unbalanced translocations or with adjacent‐2 segregation resulting in −14,+der(21). Chromosome rearrangements require FISH and aCGH studies for accurate identification and elucidation of the abnormality and breakpoints. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranioectodermal dysplasia: A probable ciliopathy
Authors: Konstantinidou Anastasia E. , Fryssira Helen , Sifakis Stavros , Karadimas Charalampos , Kaminopetros Petros , Agrogiannis Georgios , Velonis Stylianos , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Patsouris Efstratios
Published: September 2009

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by typical craniofacial, skeletal and ectodermal defects, and tubulointerstitial nephritis leading to early end‐stage renal failure. We report on a new familial case of a 9‐year‐old patient and two fetuses of 23 and 19 weeks of gestation respectively. Hypohidrosis was an additional ectodermal finding is the patient with CED. Postmortem findings in the two fetuses included acromesomelic shortening, craniofacial characteristics with absence of craniosynostosis, small kidneys with tubular and glomerular microscopic cysts, persistent ductal plate with portal fibrosis in the liver, small adrenals and roughly unremarkable histopathology of the physeal growth plate. Posterior fossa anomalies were additional findings in this patient and included an enlarged cisterna magna and a posterior fossa cyst. The above findings, in association with renal cysts, persistent ductal plate and portal fibrosis, introduce CED, a nonlethal genetic skeletal disorder of yet unknown molecular origin, as a possible member of the expanding group of ciliopathies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of CGRP protein expression in “satellite‐like” cells and dendritic arbours of the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Stanić Davor , Kuteeva Eugenia , Nylander Ingrid , Hökfelt Tomas
Published: September 2009

The main olfactory bulb (OB) is made up of several concentric layers, forming circuitries often involving dendro‐dendritic synapses. Important interactions between OB neurons occur in the external plexiform layer (EPL), where dendrites of tufted and Van Gehuchten cells form synapses with dendrites of deeper lying mitral, tufted, and granule cells. OB neurons display a variety of neurotransmitters. Here, the focus is on calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), a 37‐amino acid neuropeptide transmitter that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the OB, CGRP‐immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were mostly observed in the mitral cell layer (MCL) of normal mice, and their number increased following colchicine treatment. Sparsely distributed CGRP‐ir cell bodies were also found in the EPL and granular cell layer. Double‐immunofluorescence experiments revealed a lack of co‐localization between CGRP‐like immunoreactivity (LI) and corticotropin‐releasing factor‐ or galanin‐LI, two markers for mitral cells, and no CGRP‐LI was found in cholecystokinin‐, parvalbumin‐, or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐ir tufted/Van Gehuchten cells. CGRP‐ir cell bodies were not found to co‐localize glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)‐green fluorescence protein, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐, or calretinin‐LI, although the possibility remains that CGRP‐ir cells may contain low levels of GABA and/or GAD67 not detected by our methodology. Dendrites of CGRP‐ir cells extensively ramified deep in the EPL and double‐immunofluorescence revealed them to be adjacent with, often apparently contacting, dendrites of granule, mitral, tufted, and Van Gehuchten cells. We propose that these CGRP‐ir cell bodies in the mouse OB are “satellite‐like” cells within and, occasionally, close to the MCL. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:770–784, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD13+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation and additional chromosomal abnormality
Authors: Ries Sunčica , Rnjak Lana , Mitrović Zdravko , Kuveždić Koraljka Gjadrov , Nola Marin , Sučić Mirna
Published: September 2009

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a highly malignant neoplasm characterized by pleomorphic appearance, different immunophenotypes and variable sites of involvement. Expression of myeloid‐associated markers in anaplastic large cell lymphomas may mislead the medical team and result in delay of diagnosis due to unusual phenotype. It is important to diagnose this type of tumors and distinguish it from myeloid neoplasms (extramedullary myeloid cell tumors and histiocytic tumors) since therapy and prognosis are significantly different.

A 16‐year‐old female patient presented with fever, lymphadenopathy, and high white blood cell count. Diagnosing a CD13+ ALCL with leukemic presentation with additional cytogenetic abnormality (duplication 5q35) was a significant diagnostic challenge.

This combination of features, unusual for lymphoma, should be considered in differential diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms and fatal infections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The wi‐club filter on 𝒫κλ
Authors: Piper Grace
Published: September 2009

We develop the theory of Cκ, λi, a strongly normal filter over 𝒫κ λ for Mahlo κ. We prove a minimality result, showing that any strongly normal filter containing {x ∈ 𝒫κ λ: |x | = |x ∩ κ | and |x | is inaccessible} also contains Cκ, λi. We also show that functions can be used to obtain a basis for Cκ, λi (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The polynomial and linear time hierarchies in V0
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Leszek A. , Thapen Neil
Published: September 2009

We show that the bounded arithmetic theory V0 does not prove that the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to the linear time hierarchy (without parameters). The result follows from a lower bound for bounded depth circuits computing prefix parity, where the circuits are allowed some auxiliary input; we derive this from a theorem of Ajtai (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finite element analysis of plain weave composites for flexural failure
Authors: Soykasap Ömer
Published: September 2009

This article presents finite element analysis for flexural behavior of woven composites considering the fiber and the matrix and their interactions. Finite element model using Abaqus program is developed to predict the homogenized properties of plain‐weave T300/LTM45 composite. Initially, curved beam elements are used to model each resin‐infiltrated fiber bundle. Geometrically, nonlinear analyses of the model with periodic boundary conditions are carried out to obtain effective in‐plane and bending properties of the composite. Statistical analysis is presented to study the stiffness variability. The flexural failure of a single‐ply composite is estimated based on the homogenized material properties, and is compared with previously published data. The model is able to correct the significant errors in the stiffnesses of the composite and captures the failure behavior accurately. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Topographical and Wettability Effects of Post‐Discharge Plasma Treatments on Macroporous Polystyrene‐Divinylbenzene Solid Foams
Authors: Canal Cristina , Gaboriau Freddy , Vílchez Alex , Erra Pilar , Garcia‐Celma MªJosé , Esquena Jordi
Published: September 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics and wetting properties of polystyrene‐divinylbenzene (PS‐DVB) solid foams and their modification through post‐discharge plasmas. The low‐density solid foams are mainly macroporous, but show a small fraction of mesopores; their characterization revealed differences in topography between the smoother surface and the rougher bulk, while from the chemical point of view both regions of the PS‐DVB solid foams are hydrophobic. The macroporous structure of these materials with high pore volume makes them interesting for the design of new drug delivery systems, but some active principles and the physiological media are hydrophilic; therefore, it would be of interest to modify the wettability of the materials via post‐discharge plasma treatments.

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Cell adaptation to activated FGFR3 includes Sprouty4 up regulation to inhibit the receptor‐mediated ERKs activation from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Lievens Patricia M-J. , Zanolli Elena , Garofalo Silvio , Liboi Elio
Published: September 2009

The kinase activity of the thanatophoric dysplasia type II–fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutant (TDII–FGFR3) hampers its maturation. As a consequence, the immature receptor activates extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to apoptosis. On the other hand, in stable TDII–FGFR3 cells receptor biosynthesis is restored and ERKs are activated from the cell surface. To identify potential mediators of cell adaptation to the activated receptor we investigated gene products that are differently regulated in TDII and wild‐type FGFR3 cells. cDNA representational difference analysis reveals Sprouty4 up regulation in the TDII–FGFR3 cells. Interestingly, Sprouty4 inhibits the TDII–FGFR3‐mediated ERKs activation from the ER, but fails to suppress ERKs activation from cell surface. We conclude that cell adaptation to activated FGFR3 include Sprouty4 activity, which silences the premature receptor signaling and suppress apoptosis.
Parental Consumption Decisions and Child Health During the Early French Fertility Decline, 1790–1914
Authors: Weir David R.
Published: September 2009

This article re-examines the secular improvement in human heights in France. Adult heights reflect consumption as children, so the distribution of resources between children and adults, determined primarily within households, should have influenced heights. The intrahousehold distribution of resources was influenced by the level of income and by the calorie demands of working adults. Results show that the early decline of marital fertility in France was accompanied by a small but significant increase in expenditures on child quality as measured by heights. Reductions in mortality, independent of the level of food intake, also contributed to improved heights.
Rural Response to Increased Demand: Crop Choice in the Midwest, 1860–1880
Authors: Gregson Mary Eschelbach
Published: September 2009

Demand for farm products grew, and the cost of marketing them shrank, between 1860 and 1880. The resulting commercialization of Midwestern agriculture has been widely discussed, but the production strategies that farmers pursued have not been adequately described or modeled. I find that an endowment-contingent model of crop choice provides a consistent explanation for farm production strategies at the micro-level on Missouri farms. The results call for a re-examination of the conventional wisdom that commercialization fostered specialization at the regional level.
Turnover Cost and the Distribution of slave Labor in Anglo-America
Authors: Hanes Christopher
Published: September 2009

In the eighteenth-century British Empire and the antebellum South, slaves were concentrated in domestic service and rural enterprises like agriculture and ironworks. I argue that employers in these sectors chose to employ slaves rather than free labor because they faced especially high turnover costs—that is, costs of searching for a worker and going without labor when a free worker quit or was fired. In the absence of slavery, these sectors were marked by other institutions designed to deal with turnover costs: indentured servitude, employment agencies, and deferred compensation.
Who Financed the Transportation Revolution? Regional Divergence and Internal Improvements in Antebellum Pennsylvania and Virginia
Authors: Majewski John
Published: September 2009

Comparing investment in transportation companies in Albemarle county, Virginia, and Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, I analyze why nineteenth-century internal improvements revolutionized the northern economy, but only seemed to increase the South's dependence upon plantation agriculture. In both counties local investors and financed early improvements.
Endogenous Growth, Trend Output, and the Industrial Revolution: Reply to Crafts and Mills
Authors: Greasley David , Oxley Les
Published: September 2009

The origins of this exchange stem from an important paper by N. F. R. Crafts, Steven Leybourne, and Terence Mills, which argues that underlying trends in British industrial output for the period 1700 to 1913 are stochastic rather than linearly deterministic. Using parsimonious methods, we propose an alternative view that the output series have alternating stochastic properties. Specifically we distinguish the period 1780 to 1851 as an Industrial Revolution epoch during which shocks had long-term effects. Out model simplifies to help understand the complexities of the Industrial Revolution, and we agree with Clive Granger and Zhuanxin Ding, that “While it is correct to search over a specific set of parsimonious models … the model so achieved is, at best, an approximation to the truth”.
Property Rights and Institutions: Congress and the California Land Act 1851
Authors: Clay Karen B.
Published: September 2009

Governments frequently establish institutions to govern the transition in property rights when they acquire territory or experience radical changes in political regimes. By examining a specific example—the United States' acquisition of California from Mexico in 1848, this article investigates general questions about these institutions and institutional choice. The article fmds that the specific institution that Congress chose for California best balanced the interests of the federal government, American owners of land grants, and American squatters and settlers. Further, despite the lobbying, litigation, and delay associated with the institution, the institution was more efficient than prior institutions.
Decomposing U.S. Regional Incomes: A Reply
Authors: Kim Sukkoo
Published: September 2009

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the phenomenon of economic growth. The interest was sparked by the introduction of new models by Paul Romer and Robert Lucas. The neoclassical Solow growth model, despite its influence over the years, has a fundamental flaw: growth is determined exogenously. The new models by Romer and Lucas solve for the growth rate of the economy endogenously. In these models, due to spillovers in capital or in human capital, growth can go on indefinitely. In a later work, Romer argued that increasing returns are necessary elements in models of technological innovations, which in turn form the foundation for endogenous growth models. The theoretical innovations in modeling growth stimulated a significant body of empirical work.
U.S.Regional Growth And Convergence, 1880–1980
Authors: Mitchener Kris James , McLean Ian W.
Published: September 2009

State personal income per capita estimates at six census years are adjusted for state differences in prices and labor input per capita. Decomposition of the variation in state nominal income levels into the contributions of prices, demography, and (residual) labor productivity reveals considerable diversity in the relative importance of each by region and period. Convergence rates across the century differ according to the choice of series (nominal income, price-adjusted income, or productivity). The West and the South play crucial roles in regional convergence, but at different times.
Economic Growth and Structural Change in the United Kingdom, 1870–1914
Authors: Kennedy William P.
Published: September 2009

The paper presents an estimate of the limits to British economic growth in the period 1870–1914. It is argued that in contrast to the historical experience, vigorous and effective exploitation of the technological possibiites of the period would have required the relative expansion of some sectors—most of which, like engineering, were growing in relative size in any case—and the relative contraction of others. The conservatively estimated gains from such counterfactual sectoral shifts of economic activity were found to be of the order of 25 percent to 50 percent of British GNP in 1913. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of why opportunities of this magnitude were not seized.
Families at Work: An Analysis by Sex of Child Workers in the Cotton Textile Industry
Authors: Matthies Susan A.
Published: September 2009

Differences in the school and work experience of young girls and boys are explained by factors related to the demand for household production including the presence of young children, boarders and lodgers, and home ownership. Gender based differences in job characteristics and hourly earnings associated with occupational segregation contributed to the observed pattern of higher schooling investment by girls and earlier work experience by boys.