bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Делегування повноважень органам місцевого самоврядування: проблеми реалізації на практиці
Authors: Болдирєв Сергій , Стешенко Тетяна , Овчаренко Владислава
Published: December 2024

Вже довгий час в Україні триває процес децентралізації і одним з основних його елементів є втілення у національне законодавство принципу субсидіарності. Реалізація даного принципу, закріпленого Європейською Хартією місцевого самоврядування, що можлива також шляхом делегування повноважень, зобов’язує Україну належним чином врегулювати питання делегування повноважень органам місцевого самоврядування. Аналізуючи чинне законодавство в аспекті делегування повноважень органів виконавчої влади органам місцевого самоврядування, варто відмітити, що делегуванню підлягає достатньо велика кількість повноважень у різних сферах, при цьому питання фінансування таких повноважень, форми здійснення контролю за їх виконанням, можливість їх відкликання належним чином не регламентовані. Відсутність регламентування форм контролю призводить до втручання у діяльність органів місцевого самоврядування та порушення гарантій їх функціонування, що є неприпустимим згідно з Європейською Хартією місцевого самоврядування. Неможливість відкликання делегованого повноваження також перешкоджає ефективному здійсненню такого повноваження, коли орган місцевого самоврядування з певних об’єктивних причин не може їх здійснювати. Варто також зазначити, що на сьогодні наша країна перебуває на шляху вступу до Європейського Союзу, що, в свою чергу, зобов’язує Україну привести всю свою правову базу у відповідність до acquis communautaire та усунути усі прогалини в законодавстві, в тому числі, у питаннях належного функціонування органів місцевого самоврядування, зокрема в аспекті делегування їм повноважень.
Інклюзивний капіталізм як феномен глобальної політико-правової дійсності: загальна характеристика
Authors: Жук Наталія
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню феномену інклюзивного капіталізму як явища глобальної політико-правової дійсності у контексті його загальної характеристики крізь призму специфіки термінології, концептуальних витоків та ідеологічних джерел, виявлення обставин, передумов та факторів його виникнення та інституційного оформлення, цілей та принципів діяльності, ключових організаційно-керуючих координаційних структур, кола основних дійових суб’єктів та зацікавлених осіб, соціальної природи, рівня наддержавної підтримки та міжнародно-правового забезпечення тощо.
Суб’єкти приватного права в системі глобального управління економіко-правовими реформами
Authors: Салліван-Приходько Олена , Руднєва Олександра
Published: December 2024

Метою дослідження є виявлення пов’язаності результатів роботи недержавних суб’єктів, діяльність яких прямо впливає на економіко-правові реформи в Україні, з системою глобального управління. Проведений аналіз сучасних політико-правових концептів глобального управління довів відсутність теоретичного універсалізму та монополізму у даному питанні, а навпаки, виявив доктринальну децентралізацію. Активність та впливовість громадянського суспільства на державну політику України за останні 10–15 років. В фокусі дослідження був зв’язок між суб’єктами приватного права та доктриною глобального управління.
Вітчизняне правознавство: деякі тенденції розвитку
Authors: Рабінович Петро
Published: December 2024

В статті проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку вітчизняного правознавства. Обґрунтовано, що такі тенденції набувають двох основних узагальнених форм, таких як антропологізація юридичної науки та зміни, пов’язані з глобалізаційними процесами. Розкриваються зміст та обумовленість зазначених тенденцій, їх діалектичний характер.
Проблемні питання доступності електронного урядування та шляхи їх вирішення
Authors: Науменко Анна
Published: December 2024

У статті визначено поняття принципу доступності е-урядування. Проаналізовано основні проблемні питання, що виникають при залученні людей з інвалідністю та похилого віку до використання інструментів е-урядування в Україні. Досліджено практику вирішення проблемних аспектів іншими державами та на рівні Європейського Союзу. Висвітлено стан залучення вразливих верств населення до е-урядування в Україні та кроки, що вже здійснені в напрямку вирішення цього питання. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення проблеми реалізації принципу доступності е-урядування для всіх користувачів.
Конституційні засади процедури промульгації законів: порівняльний аспект
Authors: Бойко Сергій
Published: December 2024

З’ясовано конституційний досвід зарубіжних країн в контексті промульгації законів, встановлено проблеми промульгації законів в Україні і шляхи їх вирішення із врахуванням доктринальних напрацювань і конституційних засад регулювання відповідної процедури за кордоном. Доведено, що процедура промульгації законів в світі залежить в конкретної моделі форми правління та поділу влади.
Overview of the Canadian Clinician Investigator Trainees’ Research Presented at the 2024 CSCI-CITAC Joint Meeting
Authors: Al Jawhri MohdWessam , Patel Salonee V. , Soni Shubham , Huang Richard , Lao Robert X.
Published: December 2024

The 2024 Annual Joint Meeting (AJM) and Young Investigators’ Forum of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC) was held on April 11, 2024, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Hosted in collaboration with the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the International Congress on Academic Medicine (ICAM), this meeting marked a significant opportunity for clinician investigator trainees to present their research and connect with national and international peers. The event included 70 trainees, consisting of 58 MD+ (MD/PhD, MD and PhD, MD–MSc, MD and MSc) and 12 Clinician Investigator Program and/or Surgeon-Scientist Training Program trainees. The keynote speaker, Dr. Marco Marra, delivered a presentation titled “From C. elegans Genetics to Precision Cancer Genomic Medicine, via the Human Genome Project: Reflections on a Collaborative Scientific Journey.” Dr. Kenneth Rockwood (Dalhousie University) received the CSCI Distinguished Scientist Award, and Dr. Bertrand Routy (Université de Montréal) received the CSCI Joe Doupe Young Investigator Award. Over 60 abstracts were showcased, most of which are summarized in this review, and six were selected for oral presentations. Following the AJM, trainees participated in ICAM's three-day health research program, where three AJM attendees were recognized among the top four presenters and were invited to the 2024 Canada Gairdner Awards Gala, with one of our AJM attendees winning the competition and being named the next Lindau Nobel Laurate Meetings Nominee.
الاستجابة الحكومية للكوارث الطبيعية في بلدان النزاع: حالة الفيضانات في درنة 2023
Authors: عبد الملك عبد العظيم
Published: December 2024

يتناول التقرير الاستجابة الحكومية لكارثة الفيضانات في مدينة درنة في ليبيا، وذلك بتحليلها من خلال أربع مراحل رئيسة، هي: إدارة المخاطر، والاستعداد للكارثة، والاستجابة الفورية، والتعافي وإعادة الإعمار. ويوضح حالة الضعف الشديد في التعامل مع مقتضيات إدارة الكارثة وعدم استجابة السلطات في ليبيا معها بالجدّية والمسؤولية الواجبتَين، فضلًا عن عدد آخر من الاختلالات الهيكلية والإدارية. ويقدّم عدة توصيات، منها: رفع كفاءة المركز الوطني للأرصاد الجوية وتجهيزه بمعدّات حديثة، وتحسين معايير اختيار القيادات المسؤولة عن إدارة الكوارث، وتعزيز مشاركة المجتمع المدني والقطاع الخاص والخبراء المستقلين، وترشيد الاستجابة الأمنية، وتطبيق قواعد المساءلة بفاعلية، ورفع مستويات الرقابة القضائية، وتنظيم توزيع المساعدات والتعويضات المالية لضمان الوصول العادل والتسليم في الوقت المناسب، وإنشاء مركز أبحاث لمخاطر المناخ والاستجابة للطوارئ وإدارة الأزمات.
سياسات تعمير الصحراء في مصر: بواعث الإنجاز ودلائل الإخفاق
Authors: عز الدين رجب
Published: December 2024

أولَت الحكومات المصرية المتعاقبة، عبر نصف القرن العشرين، تعمير الصحراء عناية خاصة، وخصصت لها ميزانيات ضخمة وخططًا استراتيجية واعدة. تضمّنت مشروعات الإعمار تلك برامج عدة لاستصلاح الأراضي وتأسيس مجتمعات عمرانية جديدة. كان المأمول من ذلك هو التخفيف من اكتظاظ وادي النيل وإعادة توزيع السكان توزيعًا متوازنًا. بيّنت الدراسة أن تلك الخطط لم تحقق عبر العقود الماضية إلّا أقل قدر من أهدافها، سواء السكانية أم الزراعية أم الصناعية. ولم تجذب المدن الجديدة ومشروعات الاستصلاح الضخمة الأعداد المليونية التي وعدت بها الخطط. حاولت الدراسة تفسير هذه النتائج المتواضعة من خلال مقارنتها بالمستهدفات الضخمة لخطط التنمية، وبيّنت أن الفكر التخطيطي والتنفيذي قد استلبه الاهتمام بجانب العرض المعزّز لخطاب شرعية الإنجاز، دون الطلب الذي يعكس الحاجات الفعلية للمواطنين وأهملت السياسات أيضًا تقييم نتائج مشروعات العمران السابقة، ولم تقف عند أسباب ضعفها. وأخيرًا، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة ترشيد صناعة القرار المتصلة بمجالات العمران، والاهتمام بتدقيق وشفافية البيانات الخاصة بمشروعات الإعمار والتنمية.
Fatherless, Fatalkah?
Authors: Astagini Virda Anggi , Gandana Gilar , Purwati Purwati
Published: December 2024

Anak merupakan investasi terbesar orang tua di masa depan. Di masa depan anak akan menjadi bukti dari keberhasilan atau kegagalan orang tua dalam mendidik. Selain itu, titik tumpu pada pembentukan masyarakat yang damai dan sejahtera ditentukan oleh keluarga. Karena dalam keluarga  terjalin hubungan yang paling dekat dan terus menerus. Masing-masing orang menempuh berbagai cara dalam mencari kebahagiaan dan ketentraman itu.  Namun keluarga tak selamanya baik-baik saja. Kematian, perceraian atau apapun yang menyebabkan terjadinya kehilangan yang tentu saja tak diinginkan termasuk hilangnya sososk ayah dalam pengasuhan. Fatherless diartikan sebagai hilangnya sosok ayah dalam pengasuhan baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengupas banyak dampak dari kehilangan sosok ayah dalam pengasuhan. Begitu banyak dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kehilangan sosok ayah dalam pengasuhan ini, mulai dari dampak pada prestasi belajar anak yang memang berhubungan dengan dampak pada psikologis,  dan kemungkinan terburuk yaitu berdampak pada cyberporn.
Pengaruh Media Smart Box Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Anak Kelompok B1 di TK Pertiwi 1 Kabupaten Merangin
Authors: Putri Mutiara Maeisa , Ismiatun Asih Nur , Rosyadi Akhmad Fikri
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan hasil pengamatan peneliti di lapangan yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca permulaan anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Pertiwi 1 yang masih belum berkembang. Hal ini dibuktikan dari temuan awal yaitu pada saat proses pembelajaran anak belum bisa membuat hasil karya yang baru tanpa diberi contoh oleh guru, Anak belum dapat membentuk minat yang kuat hal ini terlihat banyak anak yang terlihat bosan, ngantuk, kurang tertarik, dan bahkan ada yang sibuk main sendiri saat mengerjakan keterampilan seperti menggambar, menjiplak, menggunting, atau keterampilan lainnya. Kemudian kurangnya keingintahuan pada anak dalam kegiatan serta anak belum bisa menunjukkan inisiatif saat melakukan hal-hal baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Media Smart Box Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Anak Kelompok B1 di TK Pertiwi I Kabupaten Merangin. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Desain yang dipakai adalah Pre-Eksperimental Design dengan bentuk One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini di TK Pertiwi 1 Kabupaten Merangin yaitu 136 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan Sampling Purposive, 16 anak. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa t hitung > t tabel yaitu 24.092 > 2.131 pada taraf signifikan = 0,05 hal ini berarti ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari media smart box terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan  anak kelompok B1 di Pertiwi 1 Kabupaten Merangin. Dengan demikian media smart box dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini di sekolah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan anak.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Komik Digital Terhadap Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Negeri Pembina I Kota Jambi
Authors: Maharani Annisa , Kasmiati Kasmiati , Sofyan Hendra
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan hasil pengamatan peneliti di lapangan yang menunjukkan bahwa, kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Jambi beberapa anak masih belum berkembang dalam mengungkapkan bahasa. Hal ini terlihat pada saat proses pembelajaran ketika guru menanya tentang pembelajaran sebagian anak masih ada yang belum mau untuk mengungkapkan apa yang dirasakannya. Beberapa anak belum mampu untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dengan menggunakan perbendaharaan kata, Anak belum mampu untuk berkomunikasi dengan kalimat yang sederhana dan mudah dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media komik digital terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Desain yang dipakai adalah Pre-Eksperimental Design dengan bentuk One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini di TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Jambi 69 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan Sampling Purposive, 16 anak. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan selama satu bulan tentang penggunan media komik digital terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun, memperoleh hasil rata-rata pretest kemampuan bahasa anak sebesar 36,69 dan setellah diberi perlakuan penggunaan media komik digital rata-rata posttest sebesar 46.19. Terdapat peningkatan rata-rata kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun sebesar 9,5. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa t hitung > t tabel yaitu (7.867) > (2,145) taraf signifikansi = 0,05. Data tersebut menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media komik digital terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Jambi.
Pengaruh Media Flashcard Terhadap Perkembangan Bahasa untuk Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Kartika II Lahat
Authors: Dzakiyyah Cyndi , Leny Marlina Leny Marlina , Sartika Indah Dwi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya perkembangan bahasa anak dalam lingkup perkembangan keaksaraan awal di TK Kartika II Lahat, hal ini didasarkan kurangnya pemanfaatan media pembelajaran yang diberikan kepada anak, sehingga anak belum mampu memahami hubungan antara bunyi dan bentuk huruf, membaca nama sendiri, menuliskan nama sendiri, dan memahami arti kata dalam cerita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh media flashcard terhadap perkembangan bahasa untuk anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Kartika II Lahat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain eksperimen One Group Pretest-Posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B1 berjumlah 10 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji normalitas, homogenitas dan hipotesis. Hasil dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari dk = 10 = 10-2 = 8 maka didapatkan thitung = -131,804 dengan taraf nyata 5% sehingga didapat ttabel = 2, 306 karena (-131,804 < 2, 306), maka kesimpulan Ho ditolak artinya ada pengaruh media flashcard terhadap perkembangan bahasa untuk anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Kartika II Lahat.
Identifikasi Tingkat Kecacatan Kemasan Mie Instant Soto Menggunakan Metode Six Sigma Dan Fmea Pada PT. Xyz
Authors: Pratiwi Aprilia Catur , Hidayat Hidayat , Priyana Efta Dhartikasari
Published: December 2024

XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi mie instan, dalam proses produksinya melibatkan pengemasan mie beserta tambahan bumbu sesuai dengan variasi beragam rasa. Namun, dalam proses tersebut, terjadi berbagai jenis cacat produk, seperti masalah pada suhu atau sambungan, kebocoran bumbu oil dalam kemasan, gencet bumbu, gencet mie, serta kesalahan cetak tanggal kedaluwarsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi cacat produk menggunakan metode Six Sigma dan FMEA. Berdasarkan analisis data, produk mie Instan soto memiliki nilai sigma sebesar 4,96. Selain itu, nilai RPN tertinggi ditemukan pada masalah suhu atau sambungan, dengan faktor manusia (man) sebagai penyebab utama, mencapai nilai 504. Sementara itu, kebocoran bumbu oil dalam kemasan juga memiliki nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 576, yang juga disebabkan oleh faktor manusia (man). Kata Kunci: Mie Instan, Six Sigma, FMEA, RPN
Assessing the influence of economic growth, natural resource utilization, and the energy relationship on environmental quality in five Asian nations
Authors: Sarwar Khadija , Gillani Syed Muhammad Ahmad Hassan , Khan Aiza , Javed Asad
Published: December 2024

This study explores the complex linkages between natural resources, economic growth, energy usage, and CO2 emissions in six Asian countries from 1993 to 2022. Through rigorous analysis, it seeks to uncover the key drivers of sustainable development and provide actionable insights for policymakers to address environmental challenges while promoting economic growth. It employs panel data analysis and applies various econometric techniques to analyze the dynamic flow of relationships among the variables of the economic and environmental context. To examine the cross-sectional dependence and the included variables' impacts on CO2 emissions on short—and long-term, the paper uses the Pesaran Cross-Dependent test while utilizing the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (CS-ARDL) estimator. The study shows a cross-section temporal correlation between economic and environmental factors in the region that symbolizes the interconnection of the countries’ economies. Renewable energy and non-renewable energy are found to have a direct positive effect on economic growth. In contrast, natural resource rent is found to have no or, in fact, negative or insignificant effect. This study has also found a significant positive relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions to support the call for green economic development initiatives. Specifically, it is found that renewable energy consumption decreases CO2 emissions, thus reinforcing the need for shifting towards green energy. The research findings show the need to develop region-specific solutions that consider the socio-economic and ecological environment of Asian countries. It supports green finance laws, encourages investment in renewable technologies, and improves governance standards for sustainable development, ensuring future sustainability. Given that this research highlights the significance of the conservation and utilization of resources and the development of useful energy, this paper offers guidance for the policymakers working to reach the region's United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs).
Impact of institutional quality and macroeconomic variables on stock market in Pakistan
Authors: Alvi Areeba Rahat , Gillani Syed Muhammad Ahmad Hassan , Rana Maria , Ali Asad
Published: December 2024

The ongoing debate surrounding the stochastic behavior of financial markets and their relationship with institutional quality and macroeconomic factors remains unresolved, with no consensus reached on the nature of the interplay between institutional quality, macroeconomic variables, and stock market volatility. The significance of comprehending volatility lies in its potential to disrupt the smooth operation of financial markets and negatively impact economic performance. This study aims to examine the potential contributions of institutional quality and macroeconomic variables to the dynamic patterns of stock market volatility. Notably, the introduction of institutional quality is a relatively novel concept in Pakistan, warranting further exploration. Consequently, this research delves into the influence of institutional quality on stock market volatility, considering factors such as control of corruption and political stability as well as macroeconomic variables like inflation, interest rates, and GDP. This quantitative study relies on secondary data and employs ARDL models spanning yearly data from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 1996 to 2022. The empirical findings offer insightful information that can help shape institutional reforms, guide policy decisions, and affect investment choices that support the stock market's stability and expansion.
Penerapan Metode Prototype dalam Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif
Authors: Kustanto Prio , Bram Khalil Ramadhan , Noe'man Achmad
Published: December 2024

Interactive learning media is technology used in the learning process that allows users to interact actively with lesson material. Users can access it via devices connected to the internet via a web-based learning media platform. This learning platform provides the flexibility to access lessons freely, without being limited to location or time schedule. User needs analysis, prototype design, implementation, and platform testing are part of the research process. One approach that can be used in the system design process is the prototype method. The research objective is to create an interactive learning media platform for computer programming using the prototype method. Test results using the prototype method increase the functionality and responsiveness of the learning platform. To enhance the programming learning experience, the platform offers interactive video tutorial features and achievement or ranking features. This research is successful because it can create a platform that is not only informative but also interesting, which makes learning programming more fun and effective.
Seeing beyond Being Seen
Authors: Dickinson Colby
Published: December 2024

As biological taxonomists have only recently begun to acknowledge, humanity is stuck in a tension between its myriad social, cultural, political and religious cosmologies – its various umwelten – and the desire for rational, scientific classification. What does it mean that the rational logics of classifications that we so readily employ to recognise the reality before our eyes cannot account for the passionate attachments that exceed any categorical identifications and actually make us who we are, because these are the lives we live beyond our ability to define them? What our focus upon the politics of recognition often misses is that intimate connections between persons – what we might call a more authentic form of recognition, a true seeing of the other – often goes beyond recognition, beyond any classifications that society foists upon us. I explore this question directly, pointing to possibilities for better recognition of this tension and how such recognition can reform society.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF THE CARDIOTROPIC EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZED SUBTILISINS
Authors:   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Baikalov German I. , Madonov Pavel G. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ershov Konstantin I. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Mishenina Svetlana V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Khidirova Lyudmila D. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Sumenkova Dina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Bakhareva Ksenia I. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Immobilized subtilisins are fibrinolytic agents of the drug Trombovazim for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and venous insufficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated the influence of immobilized subtilisins on the parameters of electromechanical cardiac activity. To confirm these results, it is necessary to clarify the possible cardiotropic mechanisms of these enzymes.

Objective. To study the possible cardiotropic mechanisms of immobilized subtilisins using a heart isolated from coronary perfusion according to the Langendorff model.

Materials and methods. To study of the mechanisms, various pharmacological groups used drugs: Ca2+ channel blocker – Verapamil at the dose of 25 μg/ml, dopaminomimetic – Dopamine at the dose of 175 μg/ml, nitrate – Nitroglycerin at the dose of 1 μg/ml. The experiment format implied the creation of 2 groups. In the first group after achieving stable heart function, immobilized subtilisins were added at a dose of 340 IU/l to the perfusion solution, then after 20 minutes of perfusion, a comparative drug. In the second group, a comparative drug was initially added to the perfusion solution, then after 20 minutes of perfusion the immobilized subtilisins were added at a dose of 340 IU/l to the perfusion solution. The perfusion with the tested drugs was continued for 40 minutes. During the experiment, the influence of immobilized subtilisins and comparative drugs on electromechanical cardiac activity was assessed.

Results. The data obtained demonstrate that the mechanisms of cardiotropic influence of immobilized subtilisins on electromechanical cardiac activity are presumably realized through the effects of nitrate- and dopamine-like effects.

Conclusion. The studies carried out have established possible mechanisms for the realization of cardiotropic effects of immobilized subtilisins, extended for the understanding of the pharmacological effects of fibrinolytic enzymes, and expanded the prospects for medical application.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DONEPEZIL, ELAMEPRETIDE, AND SODIUM OLIGOMANNATE IN EXPERIMENTAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors:   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University, Pozdnyakov Dmitry I. , Vikhor Anastasia A. ,   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University
Published: December 2024

Background. Oxidative stress is a crucial component of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and is linked to numerous pathological changes in brain structures, leading to neurodegeneration. Due to the significant role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, the use of antioxidants as a treatment option becomes essential.

Objective. Investigate the antioxidant effects of donepezil, elamepretide, and sodium oligomannate in experimental Alzheimer's models.

Materials and methods. The substances analyzed were elamepretide (administered intraperitoneally), donepezil (administered orally) and sodium oligomannate (administered orally), all at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Experimental Alzheimer's disease was induced in female Wistar rats by injecting β-amyloid aggregates into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The antioxidant status in hippocampal tissue was evaluated by changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities activities, as well as concentrations of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and reactive 2-thiobarbituric acid products.

Results. The use of donepezil and elamepretide has been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease. When these compounds were administered to the animals, the content of reactive mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and 2-thiobarbituric acid products was lower compared to the negative control group.

Administration of sodium oligomannate also led to an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, as well as a decrease in the concentration of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and reactive products of 2-thiobarbituric acid. However, the antioxidant activity of elamepretide appeared to be higher than that of donepezil and sodium oligomannate.

Conclusion. Based on these findings, we can conclude that elamepretide exhibits a stronger antioxidant potential compared to donepezil and sodium oligomannate in rats with Alzheimer's.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROPERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY FOR RENAL STONES OF VARYING SIZES
Authors:   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Popov Sergey V. , Orlov Igor N. ,   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Pazin Ivan S. ,   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Sytnik Dmitriy A. ,   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Suleymanov Murad M. ,   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Afanasyevskaya Elizaveta V. ,   Medical Research and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, University Clinic, Urology and Andrology Department, Sorokin Nikolay I. ,   Medical Research and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, University Clinic, Urology and Andrology Department, Beshtoev Akhmed H. ,   St. Luke's Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg
Published: December 2024

Introduction. This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy (micro-PCNL) for single renal stones of different sizes depending on the intraoperative method of upper urinary tract drainage.

Materials and methods. 148 patients who underwent micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the size of the stones and in each group into 2 subgroups based on the intraoperative method of drainage of the upper urinary tract: ureteral access sheaths or ureteral catheter. In the first group (n=42), the stone was less than 10 mm and the distribution of the subgroup by the intraoperative drainage method was the same. In patients of the second group (n=61) with a stone size of 10-20 mm, 27 patients were included in the ureteral access sheath subgroup and 34 patients in the ureteral catheter subgroup. In the third group (n=45), the size of the stone exceeded 20 mm, ureteral access sheath was used in 21 patients and ureteral catheter in 24 patients. All patients had their upper urinary tracts previously drained with a ureteral stent. The time of lithotripsy and total operative time, the size and density, stone free rate (SFR) 1 day and 4 weeks after the intervention, the presence of postoperative complications such as fever and renal colic, as well as laboratory parameters such as creatinine, C-reactive protein and hemoglobin levels were evaluated.

Results. The SFR was significantly higher in patients who were placed intraoperatively in ureteral access sheath placement, which is attributed to better detachment of stones fragments during micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy. The inner diameter of the access sheath provided an unobstructed passage of larger fragments, allowing a significant reduction in the operation time, the time of lithotripsy, and minimized the incidence of complications.

Conclusion. Micro-PCNL is an effective minimally invasive method of surgical treatment of renal stones. The highest efficiency and appropriateness of micro-PCNL is achieved for stones up to 20 mm in size; however, with certain indications, this surgical intervention can be performed safely and effectively for larger stones.
On dynamics of quadratic stochastic operators generated by 3-partition on countable state space
Authors: Karim Siti Nurlaili , Hamzah Nur Zatul Akmar
Published: December 2024

Quadratic stochastic operator (QSO) theory has advanced significantly since the early 1920s and is still growing due to its numerous applications in a variety of fields, particularly mathematics, where QSOs have inspired mathematicians to use and integrate various mathematical knowledge and concepts to better understand their properties and behaviors. Motivated by the relationship between the number of partitions on an infinite state space and the development of the system of equations corresponding to QSOs, this work sought to investigate the dynamics of QSOs formed by three partitions. First, we define and construct the 3-partition QSOs, which result in a system of equations with three variables. We then provide the formulation of the fixed point form and discuss its behavior using Jacobian matrix analysis. Some scenarios of three-partition QSOs with three different parameters are considered to readily investigate the type of fixed point in such systems. It is demonstrated that the operators can have either an attracting or a saddle fixed point but can never be repelling. We show how the saddle fixed point behaves, by identifying a set of points known as the fixed point’s stable manifold.
The influence of internal gravity waves in the atmospheric boundary layer on turbulence characteristics measured by the eddy covariance technique
Authors: Zaitseva D. V. , Kallistratova M. A. , Luyluykin V. S. , Kouznetsov R. D. , Kuznetsov D. D.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of submesoscale internal gravity waves (IGWs), registered with the help of a sodar in the atmospheric boundary layer, on turbulence characteristics measured in the surface layer. Data obtained in rural areas in the Moscow region were used.Two types of IGW were identified visually on sodar echograms: internal gravity-shear waves (IGSW) of the Kelvin-Helmholtz wave type and buoyancy waves (BW). For 28 episodes of IGSW and 10 episodes of BW, based on the data of eddy covariance measurements carried out with an ultrasonic thermometer-anemometer located on a mast 56 m high, turbulent kinetic energy, as well as heat and momentum fluxes were calculated. Alterations of these characteristics accompanying the passage of wave trains were investigated, particularly, quantitative estimates were made, and degree of influence of IGSW and BW on the turbulence was compared.
Modeling of Anthropogenic Heat Fluxes during the Heating Period in Major Russian Cities
Authors: Frolkis V. A. , Evsikov I. A. , Ginzburg A. S.
Published: December 2024

Estimates of the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) generated by megacities of the Russian Federation during the heating period are obtained. To calculate the AHF value, two-dimensional models were created taking into account the height, number of floors and the type of buildings for sixteen cities with a population of at least one million people. The source data is obtained from the OpenStreetMap open web mapping platform and the Yandex Maps website. Two algorithms for calculating AHF using building codes, thermophysical properties of enclosing structures and the difference between internal and external air temperatures are considered. The first algorithm uses the basic value of the required heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structure, the second – the calculated value of the specific characteristic of the consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of the building. The AHF is assessed from the territory of the city within the administrative boundaries and from the urbanized territory, which is defined by multi-store buildings. Maps of the spatial distribution of AHF density are provided for the four largest megacities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg.
Variability of methane content and fluxes in the rybinsk reservoir based on field observations in different seasons of the year
Authors: Lomov V. A. , Frolova N. L. , Efimov V. A. , Repina I. A. , Li Zhe , Yang Liu
Published: December 2024

The formation of methane fluxes in the Rybinsk reservoir and the variability of its content in water were investigated during several field campaigns on the reservoir in different seasons. The Rybinsk reservoir is a very large, relatively shallow, low-flow, mesotrophic-eutrophic, morphologically complex basin-valley type reservoir with perennial flow regulation, created on the Upper Volga in 1941. In total, water and air sampling was carried out at 71 stations to determine methane concentration, which was combined with measurements of water column characteristics . As a result, a network of reference stations was established, where regular measurements are made, as well as additional stations in the water area and river estuaries. For control purposes, water samples were taken at the hydroelectric power plant units and downstream of the Sheksninskaya HPP dam, placed within the Rybinsk city. In general, the Rybinsk reservoir is characterised by relatively low methane concentrations - at most stations the average content of dissolved CH4 in water does not exceed 20 µl/l. The lowest concentrations were observed during the winter period. Methane fluxes from the surface of the Rybinsk reservoir vary from 4 to 718 mgC-CH4 m-2 day-1. Specific fluxes in summer period are larger than those measured in autumn, also in summer the spatial variability of the measured fluxes is more significant. Flux values depend on reservoir stratification, oxygen content in water, organic matter in bottom sediments and other factors. Methane degassing through the dam is significantly less than the fluxes from the surface.
The influence of the fluoride process of tungsten deposition parameters on the properties of tungsten self-composites obtained by chemical vapor infiltration
Authors: Bukatin T. N. , Karpenkov D. Y. , Dushik V. V. , Ten D. V.
Published: December 2024

The influence of the parameters of the chemical vapor infiltration process of tungsten powder on the depth of its impregnation, mechanical properties and density of the obtained blanks is studied. It was found that the depth of infiltration depends on the rate of chemical vapor deposition of tungsten, and the maximum bend strength is achieved the sample, obtained at temperature of 450 °C and a gas pressure of 133 mbar. The method of chemical vapor infiltration is promising for the development of technology of additive manufacture of the items made of tungsten and composites based on it.
Microhardness of single crystals of paratellurite
Authors: Molchanov S. V. , Tretiakov S. A. , Kaplunov I. A. , Ivanova A. I.
Published: December 2024

The values of microhardness of samples of single crystals of paratellurite differing from each other in growth conditions and structural quality were measured. For the plane (110), these values lie in the range — 300—470 kG/mm2. It has been determined that mechanical stresses in paratellurite can lead to significant deviations of values of microhardness from average values.
Influence of magnetic field on electric polarization in small magnetic particles
Authors: Shaposhnikova T. S. , Mamin R. F.
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of the phenomenological approach, we have obtained an inhomogeneous electric polarization associated with the appearance of an inhomogeneous magnetization distribution in the volume of small magnetic particles near the second-order phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state. The temperature area of the existence of such inhomogeneous states for spherical shape particles of different sizes is determined. The change in the local electric polarization of small magnetic particles in an external magnetic field is considered.
Automated identification and counting of saigas (Saiga tatarica) by using deep convolutional neural networks in high-resolution satellite images
Authors: Rozhnov V. V. , Salman A. L. , Yachmennikova A. A. , Lushchekina A. A. , Salman P. A.
Published: December 2024

We utilized a two-phase analysis using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to create an automated technology that enabled us to detect and count saigas (Saiga tatarica) in satellite images with a resolution of 0.3–0.5 m/pixel (Eros-B 2012; 2013 and Beijing KA 2022 satellites). In the first phase, the satellite image is automatically divided into sections and checked for the presence or absence of clusters of objects (the “classification” phase). Then, during the second phase, only the fragments of the satellite image where at least one saiga was previously found are analyzed (the “detection” phase). The method was calibrated by training a neural network on the results of the preliminary processing of archival satellite images from 2012 and 2013, carried out manually by zoological experts. When we tested the DCNN work with a “confidence threshold” of 0.3, we identified 1,284 saigas on the entire model satellite image, while a zoological expert manually identified 1,412 saigas. For practical use and to assess the effectiveness of this method, we counted saigas on a 2022 image covering two adjacent specially protected natural areas (PAs) located in the Republic of Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region (Russian Federation). The results are presented with different “thresholds of confidence”.
Dynamics of food passing through the digestive tract in the nocturnal rodent Meriones crassus as a response to the rhythm of feeding activity
Authors: Naumova E. I. , Zharova G. K. , Chistova T. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the food passing through the digestive tract (DT) on the feeding activity in the nocturnal rodent Meriones crassus was studied. Two groups of gerbils were housed in laboratory under artificial lighting at a photoperiod of 12:12 L:D for 36 hours. Groups were named “day” (L:D=20:16) and “night” (L:D=12:24) according to predominance light or dark time during the experiment. The average retention time of markers in the stomach in these groups was 20 and 30 hours, respectively. The kinetics of the contents changed depending on the specific time of consumption of the markers and the saturation level of the rodents with food. During the daylight hours, sequential evacuation of markers entering the DT begins from the stomach after 2 hours, and at night, during a period of higher feeding activity, part of the food located in the fornix of the stomach and in the caecum stays here for a longer time. In the “day” group, by the end of the experiment, 84% of the markers were removed from DT, and in the “night” group, about 55%.
Preferences of the Myxosporeans of genus Kudoa Meglitch, 1947 of the world’s fauna fishes living at certain depths
Authors: Yurakhno V. M.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides the first information on the possible occurrence of myxosporeans of the genus Kudoa in fish of the World Ocean and, in several individual cases, in associated freshwater bodies at different depths. For the first time, an analysis of the theoretically assumed association of Kudoa to different depths of habitat of their fish hosts of the World fauna is given. It was revealed that in the shelf zones adjacent to the shores, all species of myxosporeans of the genus Kudoa can be found, of which 90 species (70.8% of the total) are found exclusively in the shelf zone, and the hosts of 50 species of Kudoa (39.4%) live in its shallowest part (up to 50 m). At depths from the shelf to 500 and 1000 meters, 16 species (12.6%) and 14 species (11%) of this genus can be found, respectively. At depths of up to 1500 and 3000 m, theoretically, from 1 to 3 species of Kudoa can be found, which is from 0.8 to 2.4% of all known representatives of these parasites.
Research on the wear resistance of the material cylinder of an automatic injection molding machine during plastics processing
Authors: Honchar V.A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents experimental studies of the pressure in the material cylinder of the D3328 automatic injection molding machine when processing various plastics, as well as experimental studies of wear along the length of the material cylinder of the DB3328 automatic injection molding machine after processing PS 68-30 fiberglass. Specially designed strain gauge pressure sensors were used. Signals from the sensors were output to an oscilloscope through the amplifying equipment and recorded on an oscillogram. The magnitude and distribution of pressure along the length of the material cylinder will significantly affect the amount of wear of both the screw and the cylinder. It was established that the pressure in the material cylinder of automatic injection molding machines is distributed unevenly along its length. The nature of the pressure distribution along the length of the material cylinder when processing various materials: during the injection period, the maximum pressure occurs in the melt zone with a subsequent sharp decrease in the middle zone and a slight increase in the loading zone. At the same time, the nature of the pressure change for all materials is similar at a diametrical gap between the screw and the cylinder δ=0.17 mm. With an increase in the gap δ to 0.74 mm, the nature of the pressure distribution in the injection zone changes only when processing fiberglass, which is due to the partial ingress of glass fibers into the gap between the screw and the cylinder. Its magnitude and nature of the distribution along the length for different materials are different and depend on the physical, mechanical and rheological characteristics of these materials, the design of the screw and the technological modes of processing. The maximum pressure occurs in the melt zone during the period of material injection into the mold for 0.4-0.5 s.
Dinamika Dalam Menghadapi Masalah pada Remaja yang Tinggal Bersama Nenek Ketika Orang Tua Masih Hidup
Authors: Kis M. , Irman Irman
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai bagaimana dinamika dalam menghadapi masalah  pada remaja yang tinggal Bersama nenek ketika orang tuanya masih hidup. Dinamika dalam menghadapi masalah merujuk pada cara individu atau kelompok berinteraksi dengan dan merespons masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan mereka. Ini mencakup berbagai aspek, termasuk bagaimana seseorang merespons emosi, berpikir secara kreatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah, berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, dan mengelola tekanan dalam menghadapi masalah tersebut. Dinamika ini dapat bervariasi dari individu ke individu dan tergantung pada faktor-faktor seperti pengalaman sebelumnya, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sumber daya yang tersedia. Dalam hal ini remaja yang orang tua nya masih hidup tapi karena kondisi tertentu menuntut mereka untuk tinggal bersama nenek akan di lihat kemampuan menghadapi masalah remaja tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan Teknik wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah dua orang remaja SMA, keduanya berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remaja tersebut lebih memiliki kelekatan hubungan dengan nenek dibandingkan orang tua. Subyek lebih takut kehilangan nenek daripada orang tua. Subyek lebih mandiri dalam menghadapi masalah, mereka cenderung untuk menemukan sendiri jalan keluar permasalahan dan tidak memilih untuk menceritakan kepada orang tua dan nenek. Dari segi emosi subyek menghadapi masalah dengan emosi yang sensitive,mudah marah dan mudah tersinggung.