bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLACK HOLES HAVE LONG HAIR
Authors: HOD SHAHAR
Published: October 2012

The influential "no-hair" conjecture suggests that black holes may be characterized by only three conserved parameters: mass, charge and angular momentum. However, counterexamples in which the conjecture fails are well-known in the literature. In this essay we study such Einstein-matter theories in which hairy black-hole configurations have been discovered. In particular, we analyze the spatial behavior of the matter fields which reside outside the black-hole horizon. We prove a theorem which reveals the central role played by the null circular geodesic (the "photonsphere") of such hairy black holes. According to this theorem, the asymptotic decline of the hair outside the horizon cannot start before the black-hole photonsphere is crossed. We therefore conclude that hairy black holes must have long hair which extends beyond the photonsphere.
PRESSURE INDUCED PHASE TRANSITION AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF 1D ZnO NANOCRYSTAL: AN AB INITIO STUDY
Authors: SRIVASTAVA ANURAG , TYAGI NEHA
Published: October 2012

We have analyzed the one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanocrystals in its wurtzite (B4); zinc-blende (B3) and rocksalt (B1) type phases, by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The energetic stability of nanocrystal has been analyzed using Revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (revPBE) type parameterized GGA potential. The B3 type phase is most stable amongst other phases of nanocrystals. The computation of ground state properties for all the phases of ZnO nanocrystals finds that the bulk modulus are smaller than their bulk counterpart, in turn softening the material at reduced dimensions. The electronic band structure analysis confirms the semiconducting nature of B4 type phase whereas other two are metallic.
A THEORETICAL STUDY ON SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES OF PHENYLALANINE POLYPEPTIDES
Authors: WEI JING , WANG JIN-YUN , ZHANG MIN-YI , CHAI GUO-LIANG , LIN CHEN-SHENG , CHENG WEN-DAN
Published: October 2012

The second harmonic generation (SHG) hyperpolarizabilities of phenylalanine and homopolypeptides are investigated by configuration interaction among singly excited configurations (CIS) technique combined with the sum-over-states (SOS) method. The geometries of peptides containing phenylalanine ( Phe )n(n = 1–8) are optimized by B3LYP/6-31g(d) method, and they form the special structures like β-sheet (a common protein secondary structure). It is found that the energy gaps of various peptides are reduced and the hyperpolarizabilities are increased with the peptide chains lengthened. We discuss the origin of the second-order nonlinear optical response in phenylalanine homopolypeptides and confirm that the π → π* transitions in the aromatic residue of phenylalanine make the most important contributions to the second-order polarizability. Our results strongly suggest that the hyperpolarizabilities are dominated from the propagation direction of peptide chains.
THE VALUE OF FLEXIBILITY IN ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A REAL OPTIONS ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN COASTAL DEFENSE
Authors: LINQUITI PETER , VONORTAS NICHOLAS
Published: October 2012

Adaptation to climate change is likely to be a significant challenge for developing countries. We examine whether a real options approach that recognizes uncertainty and maintains future flexibility can provide an improved adaptation investment strategy. We use a Monte Carlo model to test four strategies for defending against sea level rise. Two of the strategies are inflexible, with the coastal defense fully specified in the first year of analysis. The other two strategies are flexible real options that allow adjustments in the coastal defense over time. We emphatically show that a real options strategy has the potential to increase the benefits of proactive adaptation. Our results prove to be location-dependent, underscoring the need for location-specific analysis. We find that the quality of the information obtained over time has an important bearing on option value and that a country's institutional capability and the specific mechanisms of international development assistance may affect implementation.
Effect of cellular senescence on the albumin permeability of blood-derived endothelial cells
Authors: Cheung Tracy M. , Ganatra Mansi P. , Peters Erica B. , Truskey George A.
Published: October 2012

In this study, we tested the hypotheses that endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human umbilical cord blood (hCB-ECs) exhibit low permeability, which increases as hCB-ECs age and undergo senescence, and that the change in the permeability of hCB-ECs is due to changes in tight junction protein localization and the activity of exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac)1. Albumin permeability across low-passage hCB-EC monolayers on Transwell membranes was 10 times lower than for human aortic ECs (HAECs) ( P < 0.01) but similar to in vivo values in arteries. Expression of the tight junction protein occludin and tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin were less in hCB-ECs than in HAECs ( P < 0.05). More hCB-ECs than HAECs underwent mitosis ( P < 0.01). hCB-ECs that underwent >44 population doublings since isolation had a significantly higher permeability than hCB-ECs that underwent <31 population doublings ( P < 0.05). This age-related increase in hCB-EC permeability was associated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin ( P < 0.01); permeability and occludin phosphorylation were reduced by treatment with 2 μM resveratrol. Tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin and cell age influence the permeability of hCB-ECs, whereas levels of EC proliferation and expression of tight junction proteins did not explain the differences between hCB-EC and HAEC permeability. The elevated permeability in late passage hCB-ECs was reduced by 25–40% by elevation of membrane-associated cAMP and activation of the Epac1 pathway. Given the similarity to in vivo permeability to albumin and the high proliferation potential, hCB-ECs may be a suitable in vitro model to study transport-related pathologies and cell aging.
Norepinephrine transporter function and human cardiovascular disease
Authors: Schroeder C. , Jordan J.
Published: October 2012

Approximately 80–90% of the norepinephrine released in the brain or in peripheral tissues is taken up again through the neuronal norepinephrine transporter (NET). Pharmacological studies with NET inhibitors showed that NET has opposing effects on cardiovascular sympathetic regulation in the brain and in the periphery. Furthermore, NET is involved in the distribution of sympathetic activity between vasculature, heart, and kidney. Genetic NET dysfunction is a rare cause of the postural tachycardia syndrome. The condition is characterized by excessive adrenergic stimulation of the heart, particularly with standing. Conversely, NET inhibition may be beneficial in hypoadrenergic states, such as central autonomic failure or neurally mediated syncope, which results from acute sympathetic withdrawal. Biochemical studies suggested reduced NET function in some patients with essential hypertension. Furthermore, cardiac NET function appears to be reduced in common heart diseases, such as congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Whether NET dysfunction is a consequence or cause of progressive heart disease in human subjects requires further study. However, studies with the nonselective NET inhibitor sibutramine suggest that reduced NET function could have an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system. Given the widespread use of medications inhibiting NET, the issue deserves more attention.
Strategic localization of heart mitochondrial NOS: a review of the evidence
Authors: Zaobornyj Tamara , Ghafourifar Pedram
Published: October 2012

Heart mitochondria play a central role in cell energy provision and in signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with primary regulatory functions in the heart and involved in a broad array of key processes in cardiac metabolism. Specific NO synthase (NOS) isoforms are confined to distinct locations in cardiomyocytes. The present article reviews the chemical reactions through which NO interacts with biomolecules and exerts some of its crucial roles. Specifically, the article discusses the reactions of NO with mitochondrial targets and the subcellular localization of NOS within the myocardium and analyzes the available data about heart mitochondrial NOS activity and identity. The article also describes the regulation of heart mtNOS by the distinctive mitochondrial environment by showing the effects of Ca2+, O2, l-arginine, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the metabolic states on heart mitochondrial NO production. The article depicts the effects of NO on heart function and highlights the relevance of NO production within mitochondria. Finally, the evidence on the functional implications of heart mitochondrial NOS is delineated with emphasis on chronic hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion studies.
Regulation of Metabolism: A Cross Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Its Human Host
Authors: Burcelin Rémy
Published: October 2012

The recent epidemic of obesity and diabetes and the diversity at the individual level could be explained by the intestinal microbiota-to-host relationship. More than four million gene products from the microbiome could interact with the immune system to induce a tissue metabolic infection, which is the molecular origin of the low-grade inflammation that characterizes the onset of obesity and diabetes.
Theoretical and Empirical Analyses of an Improved Harmony Search Algorithm Based on Differential Mutation Operator
Authors: Yong Longquan , Liu Sanyang , Zhang Jianke , Feng Quanxi
Published: October 2012

Harmony search (HS) method is an emerging metaheuristic optimization algorithm. In this paper, an improved harmony search method based on differential mutation operator (IHSDE) is proposed to deal with the optimization problems. Since the population diversity plays an important role in the behavior of evolution algorithm, the aim of this paper is to calculate the expected population mean and variance of IHSDE from theoretical viewpoint. Numerical results, compared with the HSDE, NGHS, show that the IHSDE method has good convergence property over a test‐suite of well‐known benchmark functions.
Simulation of Arrhythmogenic Effect of Rogue RyRs in Failing Heart by Using a Coupled Model
Authors: Lu Luyao , Xia Ling , Zhu Xiuwei
Published: October 2012

Cardiac cells with heart failure are usually characterized by impairment of Ca2+handling with smaller SR Ca2+store and high risk of triggered activities. In this study, we developed a coupled model by integrating the spatiotemporal Ca2+reaction-diffusion system into the cellular electrophysiological model. With the coupled model, the subcellular Ca2+dynamics and global cellular electrophysiology could be simultaneously traced. The proposed coupled model was then applied to study the effects of rogue RyRs on Ca2+cycling and membrane potential in failing heart. The simulation results suggested that, in the presence of rogue RyRs, Ca2+dynamics is unstable and Ca2+waves are prone to be initiated spontaneously. These release events would elevate the membrane potential substantially which might induce delayed afterdepolarizations or triggered action potentials. Moreover, the variation of membrane potential depolarization is indicated to be dependent on the distribution density of rogue RyR channels. This study provides a new possible arrhythmogenic mechanism for heart failure from subcellular to cellular level.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Highly Ordered SBA‐15 Nanocomposites Modified with Fe2O3 and Co3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang P. F. , Jin H. X. , Chen M. , Jin D. F. , Hong B. , Ge H. L. , Gong J. , Peng X. L. , Yang H. , Liu Z. Y. , Wang X. Q.
Published: October 2012

Owing to the unique order mesopores, mesoporous SBA‐15 could be used as the carrier of the magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles in the frame and the mesopores lead to the exchange‐coupling interaction or other interactions, which could improve the magnetic properties of SBA‐15 nanocomposites. Mesoporous Fe/SBA‐15 had been prepared via in situ anchoring Fe2O3 into the frame and the micropores of SBA‐15 using the sol‐gel and hydrothermal processes. Co3O4 nanoparticles had been impregnated into the mesopores of Fe/SBA‐15 to form mesoporous Fe/SBA‐15‐Co3O4 nanocomposites. XRD, HRTEM, VSM, and N2 physisorption isotherms were used to characterize the mesostructure and magnetic properties of the SBA‐15 nanocomposites, and all results indicated that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles presented into the frame and micropores, while the Co3O4 nanoparticles existed inside the mesopores of Fe/SBA‐15. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of SBA‐15 could be conveniently adjusted by the Fe2O3 and Co3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Fe/SBA‐15 exhibited ferromagnetic properties, while the impregnation of Co3O4 nanoparticles greatly improved the coercivity with a value of 1424.6 Oe, which was much higher than that of Fe/SBA‐15.
Transnasal Marsupialization Using Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Treatment of Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Ohki Masafumi
Published: October 2012

Objective.We report the first utilisation of transnasal marsupialization to treat a keratocystic odontogenic tumor in the maxillary sinus of a 37-year-old man.Case Report.A 37-year-old man presented with a nasal discharge and right odontalgia. Computed tomography revealed an expanding cystic lesion with a calcificated wall containing an impacted tooth in the right maxillary sinus. The diagnosis was keratocystic odontogenic tumor. Transnasal marsupialization was performed using endoscopic sinus surgery to enlarge the maxillary ostium and remove a portion of the cystic wall. Pathological findings included lining squamous epithelium and inflammation. The remaining tumor shrank, becoming free of infection after surgery, without proliferation.Conclusion.Transnasal marsupialization using endoscopic sinus surgery is effective in treating keratocystic odontogenic tumors. It offers minimal surgical invasion and reductive change, making it advantageous for complete removal with fewer complications in the bones and surrounding tissue in the case of secondary surgery.
Fixed Point ofT-Hardy-Rogers Contractive Mappings in Partially Ordered Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Aydi Hassen , Radenović Stojan
Published: October 2012

We prove some fixed point theorems for aT-Hardy-Rogers contraction in the setting of partially ordered partial metric spaces. We apply our results to study periodic point problems for such mappings. We also provide examples to illustrate the results presented herein.
Effect of Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and/or Neutral Endopeptidase on Neuropathy in High-Fat-Fed C57Bl/6J Mice
Authors: Coppey Lawrence , Lu Bao , Gerard Craig , Yorek Mark A.
Published: October 2012

We have demonstrated that treating diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with the vasopeptidase inhibitor ilepatril improved neural function. Vasopeptidase inhibitors block angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity. We propose that increased activity of ACE and NEP contributes to pathophysiology of DIO. To address this issue C57Bl/6J mice or mice deficient in NEP were fed a high-fat diet and treated with ilepatril, enalapril, ACE inhibitor, or candoxatril, NEP inhibitor, using both prevention and intervention protocols. Endpoints included glucose utilization and neural function determination. In the prevention study glucose tolerance was impaired in DIO C57Bl/6J mice and improved with ilepatril or enalapril. Sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal nociception, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density were impaired in DIO C57Bl/6J mice and improved with ilepatril or candoxatril. In the intervention study only enalapril improved glucose tolerance. Sensory nerve conduction velocity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density were improved by all three treatments, whereas thermal nociception was improved by ilepatril or candoxatril. In NEP-deficient mice DIO impaired glucose utilization and this was improved with enalapril. Nerve function was not impaired by DIO in NEP-deficient mice. These studies suggest that ACE and NEP play a role in pathophysiology associated with DIO.
Theorems for Boyd‐Wong‐Type Contractions in Ordered Metric Spaces
Authors: Aydi Hassen , Shatanawi Wasfi , Postolache Mihai , Mustafa Zead , Tahat Nedal
Published: October 2012

We give some fixed point results using an ICS mapping and involving Boyd‐Wong‐type contractions in partially ordered metric spaces. Our results generalize, extend, and unify several well‐known comparable theorems in the literature. Also, we present some examples to support our results.
A Generalized Alternative Theorem of Partial and Generalized Cone Subconvexlike Set‐Valued Maps and Its Applications in Linear Spaces
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Ang , Peng Jian-Wen
Published: October 2012

We first introduce a new notion of the partial and generalized cone subconvexlike set‐valued map and give an equivalent characterization of the partial and generalized cone subconvexlike set‐valued map in linear spaces. Secondly, a generalized alternative theorem of the partial and generalized cone subconvexlike set‐valued map was presented. Finally, Kuhn‐Tucker conditions of set‐valued optimization problems were established in the sense of globally proper efficiency.
Utility of the Anterior Oblique-Viewing Endoscope and the Double-Balloon Enteroscope for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients with Billroth II Gastrectomy
Authors: Sen-yo Manabu , Kaino Seiji , Suenaga Shigeyuki , Uekitani Toshiyuki , Yoshida Kanako , Harano Megumi , Sakaida Isao
Published: October 2012

Background/Purpose. The difficulties of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy have been reported. We evaluated the usefulness of an anterior oblique-viewing endoscope and a double-balloon enteroscope for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in such patients.Methods. From January 2003 to December 2011, 65 patients with Billroth II gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. An anterior oblique-viewing endoscope was used for all patients. From February 2007, a double-balloon enteroscope was used for the failed cases. The success rate of procedures was compared with those in 20 patients with Billroth II gastrectomy using forward-viewing endoscope or side-viewing endoscope from March 1996 to July 2002 as historical controls.Results. In all patients in whom the papilla was reached (60/65), selective cannulation was achieved. The success rate of selective cannulation and accomplishment of planned procedures in the anterior oblique-viewing endoscope group were both significantly higher than that in the control group (100% versus 70.1%, 100 versus 58.8%, resp.). A double-balloon enteroscope was used in 2 patients, and the papilla could be reached and the planned procedures completed.Conclusions. An anterior oblique-viewing endoscope and double-balloon enteroscope appear to be useful in performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy.
Perspectives on Cognitive Therapy Training within Community Mental Health Settings: Implications for Clinician Satisfaction and Skill Development
Authors: Wiltsey Stirman Shannon , Miller Christopher J. , Toder Katherine , Calloway Amber , Beck Aaron T. , Evans Arthur C. , Crits-Christoph Paul
Published: October 2012

Despite the mounting evidence of the benefits of cognitive therapy for depression and suicidal behaviors over usual care, like other evidence-based psychosocial treatments (EBTs), it has not been widely adopted in clinical practice. Studies have shown that training followed by intensive consultation is needed to prepare providers to an appropriate level of competency in complex, multisession treatment packages such as cognitive therapy. Given the critical role of training in EBT implementation, more information on factors associated with the success and challenges of training programs is needed. To identify potential reasons for variation in training outcomes across ten agencies in a large, urban community mental health system, we explored program evaluation data and examined provider, consultant, and training program administrator perspectives through follow-up interviews. Perceptions of cognitive therapy, contextual factors, and reactions to feedback on audio recordings emerged as broad categories of themes identified from interviews. These factors may interact and impact clinician efforts to learn cognitive therapy and deliver it skillfully in their practice. The findings highlight experiences and stakeholder perspectives that may contribute to more or less successful training outcomes.
Social Support Associated with Quality of Life in Home Care Patients with Intractable Neurological Disease in Japan
Authors: Nishida Tomoko , Ando Eriko , Sakakibara Hisataka
Published: October 2012

The aim of the present study was to investigate what kinds of social supports contribute to the higher quality of life (QOL) of home care patients with intractable neurological disease. We investigated the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and social supports to 74 patients with intractable neurological disease in a city of the Aichi prefecture, Japan. Association between WHOQOL and social supports was examined using multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting activities of daily living (ADL). High WHOQOL scores were associated with “attending patient gatherings held by the public health center,” “having someone who will listen empathically to anxieties or troubles,” and ADL. Physical health was associated with ADL, while psychological well-being was related to “having a hobby,” “having someone who will listen,” and “having a hospital for admission in emergencies.” Patients not having someone who will listen were more likely to participate in the gatherings. The present findings suggest that having someone who will provide emotional support is important for home care patients with neurological diseases. Patient gatherings held by the public health center were expected to provide patients with emotional support.
Heat Shock Proteins, Autoimmunity, and Cancer Treatment
Authors: Calderwood Stuart K. , Stevenson Mary Ann , Murshid Ayesha
Published: October 2012

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been linked to the therapy of both cancer and inflammatory diseases, approaches that utilize contrasting immune properties of these proteins. It would appear that HSP family members Hsp60 and Hsp70, whether from external sources or induced locally during inflammation, can be processed by antigen-presenting cells and that HSP-derived epitopes then activate regulatory T cells and suppress inflammatory diseases. These effects also extend to the HSP-rich environments of cancer cells where elevated HSP concentrations may participate in the immunosuppressive tumor milieu. However, HSPs can also be important mediators of tumor immunity. Due to their molecular chaperone properties, some HSPs can bind tumor-specific peptides and deliver them deep into the antigen-processing pathways of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this context, HSP-based vaccines can activate tumor-specific immunity, trigger the proliferation and CTL capabilities of cancer-specific CD8+ T cells, and inhibit tumor growth. Further advances in HSP-based anticancer immunotherapy appear to involve improving the properties of the molecular chaperone vaccines by enhancing their antigen-binding properties and combating the immunosuppressive tumor milieu to permit programming of active CTL capable of penetrating the tumor milieu and specifically targeting tumor cells.
Competition and Integration in Closed‐Loop Supply Chain Network with Variational Inequality
Authors: Zhou Gengui , Yang Yuxiang , Cao Jian
Published: October 2012

A closed‐loop supply chain network involves the manufactured and remanufactured homogeneous products. It comprises operation links to represent business activities including manufacturing/remanufacturing activities, treatment activities for EOL products, transportation activities, and storage activities, which are performed by the firms. Among all closed‐loop supply chain problems, the horizontal merger of oligopolistic firms is so important and attracting to both businessman and researchers. In this paper, the interaction of the competitive firms prior to horizontal merger is analyzed. Three networks including prior to horizontal merger, postpartial merger, and complete merger are studied. Simultaneously, three economical models for these networks on different conditions of mergers are established and discussed. The variational inequality formulations are used for these three models, whose solutions give out the production quantity of new products, and remanufactured products, the product flows for new products, remanufactured products and end‐of‐life products at every path, the demand quantity, the recovery quantity of end‐of‐life products and the equilibrium prices. Finally, numerical examples are tested and illustrated for the proposed models.
Effect of Preparation Parameters on Photoactivity of BiVO4 by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Qingyun , Zhou Miao , Ma Di , Jing Dengwei
Published: October 2012

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) was synthesized from a mixture of aqueous Bi(NO3)3 and NH4VO3 solutions by using hydrothermal method. Via conducting the orthogonal experiments and single‐factor experiments, the best synthetic parameters were determined. The physical and photophysical properties of the as‐obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV‐Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐Vis). The result showed that the best experimental parameters of monoclinic BiVO4 were pH = 7, T = 195 °C, and    t = 6 h. The catalytic performance of BiVO4 was evaluated by reducing carbon dioxide to methane under visible light irradiation. It was found that the methane production reached 145 μg/g‐cat after 5 h irradiation with the catalyst dosage of 0.15 g in 200 mL mixed solution of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M Na2SO3.
A Case of Sublingual Dermoid Cyst: Extending the Limits of the Oral Approach
Authors: Ohta Nobuo , Watanabe Tomoo , Ito Tsukasa , Kubota Toshinori , Suzuki Yusuke , Ishida Akihiro , Kakehata Seiji , Aoyagi Masaru
Published: October 2012

We present the case of a dermoid cyst with an oral and a submental component in a 21-year-old Japanese woman who presented with complaints of a mass in the oral cavity and difficulty in chewing and swallowing solid foods for about 2 years. MRI shows a 55 × 65 mm well-circumscribed cystic mass extending from the sublingual area to the mylohyoid muscle. Under general anesthesia and with nasotracheal intubation, the patient underwent surgical removal of the mass. Although the cyst was large and extending mylohyoid muscle, intraoral midline incision was performed through the mucosa overlying the swelling and the cyst was separated from the surrounding tissues with appropriate traction and countertraction and successfully removed without extraoral incision. Oral approach in surgical enucleation is useful procedure to avoid cosmetic problems in large and extending mylohyoid muscle cyst.
Design of an Annular Disc Subject to Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Lyamina Elena , Jeng Yeau-Ren
Published: October 2012

Two solutions to design a thin annular disc of variable thickness subject to thermomechanical loading are proposed. It is assumed that the thickness of the disc is everywhere sufficiently small for the stresses to be averaged through the thickness. The state of stress is plane. The initiation of plastic yielding is controlled by Mises yield criterion. The design criterion for one of the solutions proposed requires that the distribution of stresses is uniform over the entire disc. In this case there is a relation between optimal values of the loading parameters at the final stage. The specific shape of the disc corresponds to each pair of such parameters. The other solution is obtained under the additional requirement that the distribution of strains is uniform. This solution exists for the disc of constant thickness at specific values of the loading parameters.
New Predictor‐Corrector Methods with High Efficiency for Solving Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Torregrosa Juan R. , Vassileva María P.
Published: October 2012

A new set of predictor‐corrector iterative methods with increasing order of convergence is proposed in order to estimate the solution of nonlinear systems. Our aim is to achieve high order of convergence with few Jacobian and/or functional evaluations. Moreover, we pay special attention to the number of linear systems to be solved in the process, with different matrices of coefficients. On the other hand, by applying the pseudocomposition technique on each proposed scheme we get to increase their order of convergence, obtaining new efficient high‐order methods. We use the classical efficiency index to compare the obtained procedures and make some numerical test, that allow us to confirm the theoretical results.
May Salivary Alpha-Amylase Level Be a Useful Tool for Assessment of the Severity of Schizophrenia and Evaluation of Therapy? A Case Report
Authors: Ieda Masa , Miyaoka Tsuyoshi , Kawano Kiminori , Wake Rei , Inagaki Takuji , Horiguchi Jun
Published: October 2012

Background. Previous studies suggested dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in schizophrenia patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. Recently, the measurement of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been considered a useful tool for evaluating ANS, especially the sympathoadrenal medullary system. Furthermore, there was a report that patients with schizophrenia showed much higher sAA level than normal controls.Methods. We present the case of a 51-year-old female with catatonic schizophrenia. She needed the treatment of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We evaluated her sAA level and her psychiatric symptoms during the treatment.Results. Before ECT treatment, she showed high sAA level. Her sAA level decreased during the course of ECT, and this attenuation was accompanied by improvement of schizophrenic symptoms.Conclusion. We consider that measurement of the sAA level may be one of the useful biological markers for assessment of psychotic state and efficacy of treatment in patients with schizophrenia.
An Unusual Case of Abdominal Pain
Authors: Desai Bobby , De Portu Giuliano
Published: October 2012

Renal calyceal rupture is a usual etiology of abdominal pain in the emergency department. We present a case of unexpected renal calyx rupture in a patient with symptomatology of renal colic. A discussion and review are provided.
Anatomic Variations of the Right Hepatic Duct: Results and Surgical Implications from a Cadaveric Study
Authors: Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Kalles Vasileios , Papatheodorou Konstantinos , Goutas Nikolaos , Papapanagiotou Ioannis , Flessas Ioannis , Kaklamanos Ioannis , Arvanitis Demetrios L. , Konstantinou Evangelos , Sgantzos Markos N.
Published: October 2012

Purpose. Thorough understanding of biliary anatomy is required when performing surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary system. This study describes the anatomical variations of right bile ducts in terms of branching and drainage patterns, and determines their frequency. Methods. We studied 73 samples of cadaveric material, focusing on the relationship of the right anterior and posterior segmental branches, the way they form the right hepatic duct, and the main variations of their drainage pattern. Results. The anatomy of the right hepatic duct was typical in 65.75% of samples. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the common hepatic duct was found in 15.07% and triple confluence in 9.59%. Ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the common hepatic duct was discovered in 2.74% and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the left hepatic duct in 4.11%. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the left hepatic ductal system and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the cystic duct was found in 1.37%. Conclusion. The branching pattern of the right hepatic duct was atypical in 34.25% of cases. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the extrahepatic bile ducts is important in many surgical cases.
Benefits of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) for Mobile Operators
Authors: Østerbø Olav , Grøndalen Ole
Published: October 2012

Self-Organizing Networks (SON) is a collection of functions for automatic configuration, optimization, diagnostisation and healing of cellular networks. It is considered to be a necessity in future mobile networks and operations due to the increased cost pressure. The main drivers are essentially to reduce CAPEX and OPEX, which would otherwise increase dramatically due to increased number of network parameters that has to be monitored and set, the rapidly increasing numbers of base stations in the network and parallel operation of 2G, 3G and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) infrastructures. This paper presents evaluations on the use of some of the most important SON components. Mobile networks are getting more complex to configure, optimize and maintain. Many SON functions will give cost savings and performance benefits from the very beginning of a network deployment and these should be prioritized now. But even if many functions are already available and can give large benefits, the field is still in its infancy and more advanced functions are either not yet implemented or have immature implementations. It is therefore necessary to have a strategy for how and when different SON functions should be introduced in mobile networks.
The Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ofSalmonella typhiamong Patients Attending a Military Hospital in Minna, Nigeria
Authors: Adabara N. U. , Ezugwu B. U. , Momojimoh A. , Madzu A. , Hashiimu Z. , Damisa D.
Published: October 2012

The threat to human health posed by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is of growing concern to medical practice. This study investigated the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofSalmonella typhiisolated from blood specimen. One hundred blood samples were collected from suspected typhoid fever patients in 31 Artillery Brigade Medical Centre, Minna, and were analyzed forS. typhiwhile antibiotic sensitivity testing was done Kirby-Bauer method. Sixty (60.0%) samples out of the total 100 were positive for bacterial growth. The organisms isolated 2 includeSalmonella typhi; 45 (75.0%),Shigella; 6 (10.0%),E. coli; 3 (5.0%),Klebsiella; 3 (5.0%),Enterobacter; 2 (3.3%), andCitrobacter; 1 (1.7%). Result of the sensitivity test showed that the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics; ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and augmentin, which are the drug of choice routinely used in the study area for the treatment of typhoid fever. They were however sensitive to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin, which, unfortunately, are not used in this study area for the treatment of typhoid fever. There appear to be multiple drug resistant (MDR) strain ofS. typhiin the study area. These may be as a result of overdependence or uncontrolled use of the few available antibiotics and/or inaccurate or inconclusive diagnosis resulting in the development and spread of resistant strains ofS. typhi. The study, therefore, highlights the need for a strong collaboration between the physicians and the laboratory in the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases in order to discourage the development of resistant strain of bacterial pathogen.
Combinatorial Proofs of Some Identities for Nonregular Continued Fractions
Authors: Panprasitwech Oranit
Published: October 2012

A combinatorial interpretation of nonregular continued fractions is studied. Using a modification of a tiling technique due to Benjamin and Quinn, combinatorial proofs of some identities for nonregular continued fractions are obtained.
Adrenal Crisis Caused by Inhaled Fluticasone in an Adolescent with Cystic Fibrosis and Advanced Hepatopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Denne C. , Vogl-Voswinckel A. E. , Gruebl A. , Burdach S.
Published: October 2012

Inhaled corticosteroids are widely accepted in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Long-term use may cause systemic complications, especially high-dose fluticasone. We report about a young man who presented with encephalopathy after excessive physical activity caused by secondary adrenal insufficiency. He recovered quickly after systemic corticosteroid replacement therapy. This problem is considered to be underdiagnosed in clinical practice.
Candida albicansas the Sole Organism Cultured from a Perirectal Abscess
Authors: Tonetti Daniel
Published: October 2012

Perirectal abscess is a common colorectal condition that may be present with or without a fistula. In most cases where a fistula coexists the organisms cultured are gut-derived organisms whereas skin-derived organisms are more common in patients without fistula formation.Candida albicans, despite being an microorganism often found in the gastrointestinal tract, has not previously been reported as an isolate from a perirectal abscess culture. Here we report the case of a patient taking cefazolin in whom a perirectal abscess was diagnosed via computed tomography and aspiration of which demonstrated growth of onlyC. albicans. Prior literature has demonstrated that the microorganisms cultured from patients with perirectal abscesses do not differ between patients in whom antimicrobials had been used previously and those who were antimicrobial-naïve, suggesting that there is a possibility thatC. albicansis the sole organism responsible for the perirectal abscess in our patient. The patient underwent surgical drainage and was discharged with fluconazole and piperacillin/tazobactam, which led to the satisfactory recovery of the patient.
Regulatory T Cells and the Control of the Allergic Response
Authors: Agua-Doce Ana , Graca Luis
Published: October 2012

The study of immune regulation and tolerance has been traditionally associated with self/nonself-discrimination. However, the finding that dominant tolerance, a model that puts in evidence the active role of regulatory T cells, can develop to nonself-antigens suggests that the imposition of tolerance can be context dependent. This paper reviews the emerging field of acquired immune tolerance to non-self antigens, with an emphasis on the different subsets of induced regulatory T cells that appear to specialize in specific functional niches. Such regulatory mechanisms are important in preventing the onset of allergic diseases in healthy individuals. In addition, it may be possible to take advantage of these immune regulatory mechanisms for the induction of tolerance in cases where pathological immune responses are generated to allergens occurring in nature, but also to other immunogens such as biological drugs developed for medical therapies.
An Unusual Case of Tooth in the Floor of the Orbit: The Libyan Experience
Authors: Shetty Y. Naresh , Majid Irfan Adil , Patel Raju Umaji , Shammam Musbah
Published: October 2012

Maxillary dentigerous cysts although uncommon need to be considered in the differential diagnosis in children with painless facial swelling. We present a case of dentigerous cyst associated with maxillary deciduous canine and maxillary premolars manifesting as a unilateral swelling in canine region of the face. A ten-year-old boy came to oral and maxillofacial surgery unit with a painless left facial swelling. The local dentist had prescribed antibiotics for treatment for the facial swelling, but the swelling did not subside, and the parents brought the child to our unit in Zliten Dental College. After clinical examination and imaging, the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst was made. Caldwell-Luc approach was done, the cyst was enucleated, and primary closure was done. The patient was followed up for a period of two years and there was no evidence of any recurrence.
Comparison of Electrical and Thermal Performances of Glazed and Unglazed PVT Collectors
Authors: Kim Jin-Hee , Kim Jun-Tae
Published: October 2012

Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors combine photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collectors, forming a single device that receives solar radiation and produces electricity and heat simultaneously. PVT collectors can produce more energy per unit surface area than side-by-side PV modules and solar thermal collectors. There are two types of liquid-type flat-plate PVT collectors, depending on the existence of glass cover over PV module: glass-covered (glazed) PVT collectors, which produce relatively more thermal energy but have lower electrical yield, and uncovered (unglazed) PVT collectors, which have relatively lower thermal energy with somewhat higher electrical performance. In this paper, the experimental performance of two types of liquid-type PVT collectors, glazed and unglazed, was analyzed. The electrical and thermal performances of the PVT collectors were measured in outdoor conditions, and the results were compared. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the glazed PVT collector is higher than that of the unglazed PVT collector, but the unglazed collector had higher electrical efficiency than the glazed collector. The overall energy performance of the collectors was compared by combining the values of the average thermal and electrical efficiency.
Spectrophotometric Studies on the Thermodynamics of the ds-DNA Interaction with Irinotecan for a Better Understanding of Anticancer Drug-DNA Interactions
Authors: Hajian Reza , Guan Huat Tan
Published: October 2012

The ds-DNA binding properties of irinotecan (CPT-11) including binding constant, thermodynamic parameter, and thermal denaturation (Tm) have been systematically studied by spectrophotometric methods. The binding of CPT-11 to ds-DNA is quite strong as indicated by its remarkable hypochromicity and equilibrium binding constant (Kb). The van't Hoff plot of 1/Tversus ln Kbsuggests that the CPT-11 binds endothermically to ct-DNA which is characterized by large positive enthalpy and entropy changes. According to the polyelectrolyte theory, the charge release (Z), when ct-DNA interacts with CPT-11, is +0.98, which corresponds very well to the one positive charge carried by CPT-11. TheKbat a low concentration of salt is dominated by electrostatic interaction (98.5%) while that at a high concentration of salt is weakly controlled by nonelectrostatic processes (19.0%). A moderate stabilization of the double helix ds-DNA occurs when CPT-11 binds to ds-DNA as indicated by the increase inTmof ct-DNA by approximately 15°C in the presence of CPT-11. The CPT-11 is stabilized by intercalation in the DNA (binding constant,K[irinotecan-DNA] = 5.8 × 104 mol−1 L) and displaces the NR dye from the NR-DNA complex (K[NR-DNA] = 2.7 × 104 mol−1 L) in a competitive reaction.
Stress Degradation Assessment of Lamotrigine Using a Validated Stability‐Indicating HPTLC Method
Authors: Michail Karim , Daabees Hoda M. , Beltagy Youssef , Abdel-Khalek Magdi , Khamis Mona M.
Published: October 2012

In this work, a sensitive and stability‐indicating HPTLC method for the determination of lamotrigine is presented. According to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines Q1A, lamotrigine was exposed to a variety of stress conditions; these include heating in acidic, basic and neutral media. Its stability towards oxidative stress, humidity, high temperature and direct sunlight was also examined. Separation of the drug from its forced degradation impurities was achieved using TLC silica gel plates and a mobile phase composed of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia. The linear regression analysis of the data obtained for the correlation plots showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10–300 ng/spot. The forced degradation studies showed that lamotrigine is susceptible to degradation under acidic, basic, neutral and oxidative conditions, among which alkaline‐induced hydrolysis had the highest degradative potential. Alternatively, the drug was stable under heat, humidity, and daylight stress factors. In order to assess the purity and stability of the drug in tablet formulations, the developed method was applied to the analysis of commercial tablets in brand and generic products. The obtained results showed that the degradation of the drug has not occurred in the marketed formulations that were analyzed by the described methodology.
Investigation of Charge Transfer Complexes Formed between Mirtazapine and Someπ-Acceptors
Authors: Demirhan Hulya , Arslan Mustafa , Zengin Mustafa , Kucukislamoglu Mustafa
Published: October 2012

Charge transfer complexes (CTC) of mirtazapine with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) have been studied spectrophotometrically in dichloromethane at room temperature. The stoichiometries of the complexes were found to be 1 : 1 ratio by the Job Method between mirtazapine and the acceptors. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of the complexes were determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand and Van't Hoff equations. Mirtazapine in pure and dosage form was applied in this study. The results indicate that the formation constants for the complexes depend on the nature of electron acceptors and donor. And also the spectral studies of the complexes were determined by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Contribution of Cells Derived from the Area Pellucida to Extraembryonic Mesodermal Cell Lineages in Heterospecific Quail Chick Blastodermal Chimeras
Authors: Karagenç Levent , Sandikci Mustafa
Published: October 2012

The current study has two main objectives: first, to determine if cells derived from the area pellucida are able to populate extraembryonic membranes, and second, to determine if donor cells have the potential to differentiate to endothelial (EC) and hematopoietic cells (HC) in the yolk sac and allantois, the two extraembryonic membranes functioning as hematopoietic organs in the avian embryo. To this end, quail chick chimeras were constructed by transferring dissociated cells from the areae pellucidae of the stage X–XII (EG&K) quail embryo into the subgerminal cavity of the unincubated chick blastoderm. The distribution of quail cells in the allantois, yolk sac, amnion, and chorion of resulting putative chimeras was examined using quail cell-specific antibody against a perinuclear antigen (QCPN) after 6 days of incubation. The presence of EC, HC, and smooth muscle cells among the QCPN+ donor cells was examined using QH-1, a quail-specific marker identifying HC and EC and an anti-α-smooth muscle actin antibody. Evidence gathered in the present study demonstrates that quail cells derived from the areae pellucidae are able to populate all of the extraembryonic membranes of resulting heterospecific quail chick chimeras and, most importantly, give rise to HC, EC, and smooth muscle cells, all of the three main mesodermal lineages derived from the posterior mesoderm both in the yolk sac and allantois.