bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 30-74/PUU-XII/2014 TENTANG BATAS USIA PERKAWINAN ANAK
Authors: Haikal Hasanain
Published: July 2017

Islam does not know the age limit, the groundwork in this case is quite strong because Rosul Saw himself married Siti Aisyah at the age of 6 years. So from the standpoint of Islamic law there is no gap. But Islam is not rigid if indeed conditions are in an emergency may be the law will change to follow the circumstances. The Constitutional Court rejected the petition ofthe judicial review, the Court considered the applicant’s argument unreasonable, and declared the petitioner’s refusal to the fullest. The judge considers that the age-specific requirement forwomen is tailored to many aspects, such as health, social, culture, and economics. In fact, there is no guarantee that raising the marriage age limit for women from 15 to 18 years will reduce the rate of divorce, tackling health problems, as well as other social issues. To prevent child marriage that caused many problems, according to the Court not only with the age limit alone. It is also possible that, based on various aspects of socioeconomic, cultural, and technological development, the age of 18 may be considered lower or higher.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENGGUNA JASA ELECTRONIC BANKING (E-BANKING) DI TINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Witasari Aryani , Setiono Aris
Published: July 2017

Crime e-banking frequent one ATM card forgery. The perpetrators made a complete fake ATM cards with a magnetic stripe that already contains data records of card fraud. In addition to falsify the card, the perpetrators also know the PIN number of the card is duplicated / forged. ATM card forgery or duplication can be done because the necessary equipment to do so can be easily obtained in the market. This study uses normative legal approach by researching library materials or secondary data only, which relates to the legal protection of e-banking customers in the perspective of criminal law, using the approach of legislation, conceptual and historical. The study says that the legal protectiongiven to customers when there is a loss in e-banking transactions are bank provides its customers the facility if the losses caused by the e-banking, the bank facilitates its customers by providing legal assistance in litigation and non-litigation. 2) The legal protection of the victims of the features of e-banking in the standpoint of criminal law, is shared by the two concepts, namely the protection of the law implicitly and explicitly, of the concept of legal protection that customers have the force of law if the victim of the implications that exist within an e -banking.
REKONSTRUKSI PEMERIKSAAN PERKARA DI PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL BERBASIS NILAI CEPAT, ADIL DAN MURAH
Authors: Sejati Hono
Published: July 2017

Judge’s decision should reflect the moral justice, social justice, and legal justice, the judge must hear the testimony of the parties, in order to produce a verdict worth of truth, honesty and has a value of fast, fair and cheap. In industrial disputes, the issue is how the dispute is resolved, in order to provide legal certainty based on values   of justice for both workers and employers. Some issues examined in this study were (1) Why the Industrial Relations Court proceedings currently not fast, fair and cheap? (2) what barriers that happens in the proceedings in the Industrial Relations Court today that has not been fast, fair and cheap? How is the reconstruction proceedings in the Industrial Relations Court based the value of fast, fair and cheap? The research used sociological juridical approach. Data collection techniques were done by using interview, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis method. Results of this study conclude that (1) Examination of the Industrial Relations Court has fast, fair, and inexpensive. It is caused by differences in terms of filing a lawsuit in which the provisions of civil law. In the case of filing a lawsuit on his nervous at the district court in the area where the defendant place residence or domicile (Article 118 HIR / Article 142 RBg, whereas in Article 81 of Law No. 2 of 2004 stipulates that industrial relations disputes lawsuit in the District Court jurisdiction covers the workers / laborers. From these provisions, no factor sequititrum forum rei is known to be abandoned. Forming the Act does not provide an explanation of the application of the principle of a lawsuit filed in the workers / laborers. (2) The obstacles that occur in examinations litigation industrial relations are: filing a lawsuit, calling longer because the place stay defendant outside the jurisdiction of the courts located or the defendant has died, the company that has no operations or directors have left Indonesia, as well as the lack of control of the board Unions / Labour as the holder of the power which is actually not a graduate or undergraduate law will hinder the investigation because the process examination the judge must be active members of the advice and knowledge of proceedings. (3) Reconstruction of the court proceedings in industrial relations is based on the value of fast, fair, and inexpensive which is done by consensus as the settlement of disputes in the Industrial Relations Court.
MODEL FUNGSIONALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL (LOCAL GENIUS) DALAM KEBIJAKAN HUKUM (LEGAL POLICY) DAERAH DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH (Kajian Konstitusional Penguatan Komunitas Adat Sedulur Sikep Pati dalam Pengelolaan SDA & Pelestarian LH)
Authors: Budiyanto Budiyanto
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to describe the functional model of the values of local wisdom in the policy area corresponding legal ideals (rechtsideee) of Pancasila. Socio-legal research approach based on constructivism legal paradigm was used to identify the local wisdom Sedulur Sikep and legal policies concerning the construction of Semen Gresik in Sukolilo Pati. The results showed that Sedulur Sikep an indigenous community in the mountains Kendeng who believes that the earth is a biological mother who gives living (hangrungkebi bumi pertiwi), so shall behave harmoniously with its natural surroundings (hamemayu hayuning bawana). Local wisdom of Sedulur Sikep rests on three main values in life (humanity), namely fairness, honesty and truthfulness (propriety) as basis of the rejection of legal policy establishment Semen Gresik in Sukolilo Pati. Therefore, the legal policy areas should be able to accommodate the values of local genius in order to give recognition, respect and protection of the whole of the community customary law in the legal system of the country. The study recommends the concept of “The Law-Society Integrative Framework” as a model for the functionalization of the values of local genius in legal policy areas in the field of natural resource management and environmental conservation. This model is the concept of legal policy futuristic reformative legal foundations by considering the values of local genius is still alive, so as to strengthen the fundamentals of democratic economic environment (ecological), nuanced legitimatif democratic, integrative and social recovery function (social recuperation).
Carcinoma neuroendócrino de pequenas células
Authors: Machado Bruno Gomes , Antunes Luís , Mendonça Paula
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo reporta o caso de uma mulher de 63 anos da qual a única informação clínica era a suspeita de um sarcoma da cérvix. Simultaneamente à colpocitologia, foram enviadas biópsias do colo e do endométrio para diagnóstico. A visualização da amostra citológica revelou vários agregados de número variável de células monótonas, com tamanho pequeno, formato redondo e citoplasma escasso, num fundo com diátese. Os núcleos apresentavam moldagem, hipercromasia, cromatina “sal-e-pimenta” e ausência de nucléolos. O aspeto microscópico das biópsias foi concordante com os achados citológicos, tendo sido igualmente identificados focos glanduliformes com características atípicas. A neoplasia mostrou expressão imunohistoquímica dos antigénios enolase neurónio-específica (neuron specific enolase, NSE), sinaptofisina e citoqueratina (clones AE1/AE3), e uma elevada atividade proliferativa demonstrada pela imunorreactividade para o marcador nuclear Ki67/Mib1. Os achados citológicos, histológicos e imunohistoquímicos foram consistentes com o diagnóstico de carcinoma neuroendócrino de pequenas células. Dos tumores cervicais, esta neoplasia maligna é das mais raras, mostrando um comportamento muito agressivo, com prognóstico muito pobre, em que as terapêuticas existentes são pouco consensuais quanto à sua eficácia. A sua etiologia ainda é estudada, podendo estar relacionada com a infeção pelo Vírus do Papiloma Humano.
Impacts of the Lower Stratosphere on the Development of Intense Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Moon Zachary , Kieu Chanh
Published: July 2017

This study examines potential impacts of the lower stratosphere on the development and the inner-core structure of intense tropical cyclones (TCs). By initializing the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model with different monthly averaged sounding profiles in the Northwestern Pacific and the North Atlantic basins, it is shown that the lower stratosphere layer (LSL) can impose a noticeable influence on the TC structure and development via formation of an extra warm core near the tropopause along with a thin layer of inflow in the LSL at the high-intensity limit. Specifically, a lower tropopause level allows for higher TC intensity and a more distinct double warm core structure. Likewise, a weaker LSL stratification also corresponds to a warmer upper-level core and higher intensity. Of further significance is that the double warm core formation is more sensitive to tropopause variations in the Northwestern Pacific basin than those in the North Atlantic basin, given the same sea surface temperature. The results suggest that variations in tropopause level and LSL stratification could be an important factor that is responsible for the long-term variability of TC intensity.
Conversion of Cellulose to Lactic Acid by Using ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Wattanapaphawong Panya , Sato Osamu , Sato Koichi , Mimura Naoki , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Yamaguchi Aritomo
Published: July 2017

Lactic acid has a wide range of applications in many industries, both as an ingredient and as an intermediate. Here, we investigated the catalytic conversion of cellulose to lactic acid by using heterogeneous mixed-oxide catalysts containing ZrO2. Although pure ZrO2 has catalytic activity for the conversion of cellulose to lactic acid, the yield of lactic acid obtained is not satisfactory. In contrast, a series of ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts containing various percentages of ZrO2 provided higher yields of lactic acid. The ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts had more Lewis acid sites and far fewer base sites than ZrO2. This suggests that the Lewis acid sites on ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts are more important than the base sites for the conversion of cellulose to lactic acid.
Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Tannic Acid Coating to Enhance the Corrosion Resistance and Cytocompatibility of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Zhu Bowu , Wang Shimeng , Wang Lei , Yang Yang , Liang Jun , Cao Baocheng
Published: July 2017

Hydroxyapatite/tannic acid coating (HA/TA) were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloys (AZ31) via chemical conversion and biomimetic methods. The characterization and properties of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), corrosion testing, MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation assay, and MC3T3-E1 cell morphology observation. The results showed that tannic acid as an inducer increased the number of nucleation centers of hydroxyapatite and rendered the morphology more uniform. Compared to bare AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloys (Ecorr = −1.462 ± 0.006 V, Icorr = (4.8978 ± 0.2455) × 10−6 A/cm2), the corrosion current density of the HA/TA-coated magnesium alloys ((5.6494 ± 0.3187) × 10−8 A/cm2) decreased two orders of magnitude, and the corrosion potential of the HA/TA-coated Mg alloys (Ecorr = −1.304 ± 0.006 V) increased by about 158 mV. This indicated that the HA/TA coating was effectively protecting the AZ31 against corrosion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Cell proliferation assays and cell morphology observations results showed that the HA/TA coating was not toxic to the MC3T3-E1 cells.
The Role of Halogen Bonding in Controlling Assembly and Organization of Cu(II)-Acac Based Coordination Complexes
Authors: Gamekkanda Janaka , Sinha Abhijeet , Desper John , Ðaković Marijana , Aakeröy Christer
Published: July 2017

In order to explore the use of non-covalent interactions in the deliberate assembly of metal-supramolecular architectures, a series of β-diketone based ligands capable of simultaneously acting as halogen-bond donors and chelating ligands were synthesized. The three ligands, L1, L2, and L3, carry ethynyl-activated chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, respectively and copper(II) complexes of all three ligands were crystallized from different solvents, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and nitromethane in order to study specific ligand-solvent interaction. The free ligands L2 and L3, with more polarizable halogen atoms, display C-X⋯O halogen bonds in the solid state, whereas the chloro-analogue (L1) does not engage in halogen bonding. Both acetonitrile and ethyl acetate act as halogen-bond acceptors in Cu(II)-complexes of L2 and L3 whereas nitromethane is present as a ‘space-filling’ guest without participating in any significant intermolecular interactions in Cu(II)-complexes of L2. L3, which is decorated with an iodoethynyl moiety and consistently engages in halogen-bonds with suitable acceptors. This systematic structural analysis allows us to rank the relative importance of a variety of electron-pair donors in these metal complexes.
The Use of Imaging in the Prediction and Assessment of Cancer Treatment Toxicity
Authors: Jadvar Hossein
Published: July 2017

Multimodal imaging is commonly used in the management of patients with cancer. Imaging plays pivotal roles in the diagnosis, initial staging, treatment response assessment, restaging after treatment and the prognosis of many cancers. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine modern precision cancer care without the use of multimodal molecular imaging, which is advancing at a rapid pace with innovative developments in imaging sciences and an improved understanding of the complex biology of cancer. Cancer therapy often leads to undesirable toxicity, which can range from an asymptomatic subclinical state to severe end organ damage and even death. Imaging is helpful in the portrayal of the unwanted effects of cancer therapy and may assist with optimal clinical decision-making, clinical management, and overall improvements in the outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Configuration Synthesis of Novel Series-Parallel Hybrid Transmission Systems with Eight-Bar Mechanisms
Authors: Hoang Ngoc-Tan , Yan Hong-Sen
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a design approach for the configuration synthesis of series-parallel hybrid transmissions with eight-bar mechanisms. The final design consists of 54 mechanisms with eight members and twelve joints including a simple planetary gear train (PGT) and a double planet PGT. Then, by using the techniques of power and clutch arrangements, new series-parallel hybrid transmissions are synthesized. The power arrangement process generates 97 clutchless hybrid systems. The clutch arrangement process generates 100 corresponding series-parallel transmissions. To demonstrate the feasibility of the synthesized configurations, a new hybrid transmission is selected as an example to analyze the working principle with operation modes and power flow paths.
Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Microgrid Frequency Regulation
Authors: Qi Xiao , Bai Yan
Published: July 2017

The frequency regulation has become one of the major subjects in microgrid power system due to the complexity structure of microgrid. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved linear active disturbance rejection control algorithm (ILADRC) that can significantly improve system performances through changing feedback control law to reduce the disturbance estimation error of extended state observer. Then, the proposed algorithm is employed in microgrid power system frequency regulation problem, which demonstrates its effectiveness. The parameters of controllers are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm improved by genetic algorithm (GA). Simulations with different disturbances including sudden and stochastic change of load demand and wind turbine generation are carried out in comparison with previous studies. And robustness testing based on Monte-Carlo approach also shows better performance. So frequency stability of microgrid power system can be well guaranteed by proposed control algorithm.
A Heuristic Algorithm to Compute Multimodal Criterial Function Weights for Demand Management in Residential Areas
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Vaclav , Bradac Zdenek , Fiedler Petr
Published: July 2017

We present the conceptual design of a collective control scheme for appliances within a smart home. Based on the relevant energy acquisition procedures, three appliance groups are defined, modeled, and completed with an energy storage as well as a generator using renewable sources. At the following stage, a mixed quadratic optimization problem is presented, with the solution consisting in a time plan to regulate the operation of the individual devices. Importantly, the paper also proposes a heuristic algorithm securing consistent functionality of the computational process even despite the varying input and user conditions given in the receding horizon.
Non-Convex Economic Dispatch of a Virtual Power Plant via a Distributed Randomized Gradient-Free Algorithm
Authors: Xie Jun , Cao Chi
Published: July 2017

The economic dispatch problem of a virtual power plant (VPP) is becoming non-convex for distributed generators’ characteristics of valve-point loading effects, prohibited operating zones, and multiple fuel options. In this paper, the economic dispatch model of VPP is established and then solved by a distributed randomized gradient-free algorithm. To deal with the non-smooth objective function, its Gauss approximation is used to construct distributed randomized gradient-free oracles in optimization iterations. A projection operator is also introduced to solve the discontinuous variable space problem. An example simulation is implemented on a modified IEEE-34 bus test system, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Outcome of Full-Thickness Macular Hole Surgery in Choroideremia
Authors: Talib Mays , Koetsier Leonoor , MacLaren Robert , Boon Camiel
Published: July 2017

The development of a macular hole is relatively common in retinal dystrophies eligible for gene therapy such as choroideremia. However, the subretinal delivery of gene therapy requires an uninterrupted retina to allow dispersion of the viral vector. A macular hole may thus hinder effective gene therapy. Little is known about the outcome of macular hole surgery and its possible beneficial and/or adverse effects on retinal function in patients with choroideremia. We describe a case of a unilateral full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in a 45year-old choroideremia patient (c.1349_1349+2dup mutation in CHM gene) and its management. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and 20% SF6 gas tamponade was performed, and subsequent FTMH closure was confirmed at 4 weeks, 3 months and 5 months postoperatively. No postoperative adverse events occurred, and fixation stability improved on microperimetry from respectively 11% and 44% of fixation points located within a 1° and 2° radius, preoperatively, to 94% and 100% postoperatively. This case underlines that pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling and gas tamponade can successfully close a FTMH in choroideremia patients, with subsequent structural and functional improvement. Macular hole closure may be important for patients to be eligible for future submacular gene therapy.
Through the Patients’ Eyes: The Experience of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Concerning the Provided Nursing Care
Authors: Stavropoulou Areti , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Rovithis Michail , Kyriakidi Konstantina , Pylarinou Andriani , Markaki Anastasia G.
Published: July 2017

Chronic kidney disease is a condition that affects both the physical and mental abilities of patients. Nursing care is of pivotal importance, in particular when end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are concerned, since the quality of the provided care may severely influence the patient’s quality of life. This is why it is important to explore patient experiences concerning the rendered care. However, limited up-to-date studies have addressed this issue. The aim of the present study was to stress the experiences of ESRD patients concerning the provided nursing care in the hemodialysis unit at the University Hospital in Heraklion, Crete. A qualitative methodological approach was used, based on the principles of phenomenological epistemology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and open-ended questions were applied to record how patients experienced the rendered care during dialysis. The recorded data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis, which revealed three main themes: ‘Physical Care’, ‘Psychological Support’ and ‘Education’. Patients’ views were conceptualized into sub-themes within each main theme. The interviews revealed the varied and distinct views of ESRD patients, indicating that the rendered care should be individualized.
Disposal Situation of Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and Assessment of the Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals for Its Land Use in Shanxi, China
Authors: Duan Baoling , Zhang Wuping , Zheng Haixia , Wu Chunyan , Zhang Qiang , Bu Yushan
Published: July 2017

Land use of sewage sludge is the primary disposal method in Shanxi, accounting for 42.66% of all. To determine the ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge, contents of seven heavy metals in sewage sludge from 9 municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) that had the highest application for land use were determined. The order of the measured concentrations was: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd, and all heavy metals contents were within the threshold limit values of the Chinese Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge from Agriculture Use (GB4284-84). Four indices were used to assess the pollution and the ecological risk of heavy metals. By the mean values of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), heavy metals were ranked in the following order: Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Ni > Pb. The values showed that the pollution of Zn in station 3 and Cd in station 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 were heavily; Cu in station 8 and 9, Zn in station 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 and Cd in station 5 and 7 were moderately to heavily, and the accumulation of other heavy metals were not significant. The single-factor pollution index (PI) suggested that none of the stations had heavy metals contamination, except for Cu in station 9, Zn in station 3 and 8, and Cd in station 1 and 9, which were at a moderate level. According to the results of the Nemerow’s synthetic pollution index (PN), sewage sludge from all stations was safe for land use with respect to heavy metals contamination, except for stations 3, 8 and 9, which were at the warning line. The monomial potential ecological risk coefficient (Eri) revealed that heavy metals ecological risks in most stations were low. However, station 9 had a moderate risk for Cu; station 6 had a moderate risk, stations 5 and 7 had high risk, other stations had very high risk for Cd. According to the results of the potential ecological risk index (RI), station 1, 8 and 9 had high risk; station 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 had a moderate risk, and station 6 had a low risk. The preliminary results indicated that the potential risk of land exposure to heavy metals in sewage sludge was relatively low, with Zn and Cd as the main contributor to the ecological risk for the applying of sewage sludge on land. Additionally, stations 3, 8 and 9 require more attention regarding the land applications related to heavy metals pollution.
Financial Insights from the Last Few Components of a Stock Market PCA
Authors: Yang Libin , Rea William , Rea Alethea
Published: July 2017

We show that the last few components in the principal component analysis of the correlation matrix of a group of stocks may contain useful financial insights by identifying highly correlated pairs or larger groups of stocks. The results of this type of analysis can easily be included in the information an investor uses to manage an investment portfolio.
Accuracy Improvement of DGPS for Low-Cost Single-Frequency Receiver Using Modified Flächen Korrektur Parameter Correction
Authors: Kim Jungbeom , Song Junesol , No Heekwon , Han Deokhwa , Kim Donguk , Park Byungwoon , Kee Changdon
Published: July 2017

A differential global positioning system (DGPS) is one of the most widely used augmentation systems for a low-cost L1 (1575.42 MHz) single-frequency GPS receiver. The positioning accuracy of a low-cost GPS receiver decreases because of the spatial decorrelation between the reference station (RS) of the DGPS and the users. Hence, a network real-time kinematic (RTK) solution is used to reduce the decorrelation error in the current DGPS system. Among the various network RTK methods, the Flächen Korrektur parameter (FKP) is used to complement the current DGPS, because its concept and system configuration are simple and the size of additional data required for the network RTK is small. The FKP was originally developed for the carrier-phase measurements of high-cost GPS receivers; thus, it should be modified to be used in the DGPS of low-cost GPS receivers. We propose an FKP-DGPS algorithm as a new augmentation method for the low-cost GPS receivers by integrating the conventional DGPS correction with the modified FKP correction to mitigate the positioning error due to the spatial decorrelation. A real-time FKP-DGPS software was developed and several real-time tests were conducted. The test results show that the positioning accuracy of the DGPS was improved by a maximum of 40%.
Overview of the Croatian Land Administration System and the Possibilities for Its Upgrade to 3D by Existing Data
Authors: Vučić Nikola , Roić Miodrag , Mađer Mario , Vranić Saša , Van Oosterom Peter
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the laws and other legal acts related to the Croatian 3D cadastre with an emphasis on those which relate to interests in strata, spatial planning, and other regulations that are valid or were valid on Croatian territory. The effects of the application of these regulations on the present situation of registration in cadastre and land register were considered. This paper also explores current legal, institutional, and technical solutions implemented in the Croatian Land Administration System and the possibilities for its upgrade to 3D cadastre. Implementation of any technological option to establish a 3D cadastre is tightly related to legislation. Hence, legislation and technological options are considered to find solutions that will be possible to implement. One suggestion presented in this paper was to use other sources of 3D data such as topographic signs or symbols used to represent topographic objects on 2D maps. In combination with other geodetic and cartographic products, useful information can be obtained, often quite relevant to provide a reference context for a 3D cadastre. Topographic signs on topographic maps and on other geodetic products provide a representation of complex real-world situations (tunnels, bridges, overpasses etc.) that are not usually presented on cadastral maps. This paper presents the possibility of utilizing those topographic signs to achieve the first steps towards establishing a 3D cadastre. Furthermore, this study proposes the establishment of a 3D Multipurpose Land Administration System as the most efficient system of land administration in a time when spatial information is easier to obtain than ever before and traditional real estate registers are subject to frequent and demanding changes.
Lack of Association between Hepatitis C Virus core Gene Variation 70/91aa and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Scalioni Letícia , Da Silva Allan , Miguel Juliana , Espírito Santo Márcia , Marques Vanessa , Brandão-Mello Carlos , Villela-Nogueira Cristiane , Lewis-Ximenez Lia , Lampe Elisabeth , Villar Livia
Published: July 2017

The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in insulin resistance (IR) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of amino acid (aa) substitutions in the core region of HCV according to IR and to identify clinical and laboratory associations. Ninety-two treatment-naive HCV patients were recruited to determine laboratory data and blood cell count. IR was determined using Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index where IR was defined as HOMA ≥2. HCV RNA load and genotype were determined by Abbott Real time HCV. HCV core region was determined by direct nucleotide sequencing. Bivariate analysis was conducted using HOMA IR ≥2 as a dependent factor. IR prevalence was 43.5% (n = 40), vitamin D sufficiency was found in 76.1% (n = 70) and 72.8% (n = 67) had advanced liver fibrosis. In the bivariate analyses, elevated values of γGT (p = 0.024) and fibrosis staging (p = 0.004) were associated with IR, but IR was not related to core mutations. The presence of glutamine in position 70 was associated with low vitamin D concentration (p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, no variable was independently associated with HOMA-IR. In conclusion, lack of association between IR and HCV core mutations in positions 70 and 91 suggests that genetic variability of this region has little impact on IR.
Investigating the Influence of Magnesium Ions on p53–DNA Binding Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Yang , Gao Tianyong , Wang Yanwei , Yang Guangcan
Published: July 2017

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a significant role in apoptosis and senescence, preserving genomic stability, and preventing oncogene expression. Metal ions, such as magnesium and zinc ions, have important influences on p53–DNA interactions for stabilizing the structure of the protein and enhancing its affinity to DNA. In the present study, we systematically investigated the interaction of full length human protein p53 with DNA in metal ion solution by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The p53–DNA complexes at various p53 concentrations were scanned by AFM and their images are used to measure the dissociation constant of p53–DNA binding by a statistical method. We found that the dissociation constant of p53 binding DNA is 328.02 nmol/L in physiological buffer conditions. The influence of magnesium ions on p53–DNA binding was studied by AFM at various ion strengths through visualization. We found that magnesium ions significantly stimulate the binding of the protein to DNA in a sequence-independent manner, different from that stimulated by zinc. Furthermore, the high concentrations of magnesium ions can promote p53 aggregation and even lead to the formation of self-assembly networks of DNA and p53 proteins. We propose an aggregation and self-assembly model based on the present observation and discuss its biological meaning.
Evidence of Oxidative Stress and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Stepien Karolina M. , Heaton Robert , Rankin Scott , Murphy Alex , Bentley James , Sexton Darren , Hargreaves Iain P.
Published: July 2017

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which will eventually result in cellular and organ dysfunction. Although not always the primary cause of disease, mitochondrial dysfunction as a secondary consequence disease of pathophysiology can result in increased ROS generation together with an impairment in cellular energy status. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result from either free radical-induced oxidative damage or direct impairment by the toxic metabolites which accumulate in certain metabolic diseases. In view of the importance of cellular antioxidant status, a number of therapeutic strategies have been employed in disorders associated with oxidative stress with a view to neutralising the ROS and reactive nitrogen species implicated in disease pathophysiology. Although successful in some cases, these adjunct therapies have yet to be incorporated into the clinical management of patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence of oxidative stress, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant treatment efficacy in metabolic and non-metabolic diseases in which there is a current interest in these parameters.
Th17 in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hashimoto Motomu
Published: July 2017

IL-17-secreting helper CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) constitute a newly identified subset of helper CD4 T cells that play a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in its animal models. Recently, several models of spontaneous RA, which elucidate the mechanism of RA onset, have been discovered. These animal models shed new light on the role of Th17 in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Th17 cells coordinate inflammation and promote joint destruction, acting on various cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Regulatory T cells cannot control Th17 cells under conditions of inflammation. In this review, the pathogenic role of Th17 cells in arthritis development, which was revealed by the recent animal models of RA, is discussed.
Pattern Reconstructability in Fully Parallel Thinning
Authors: Chen Yung-Sheng , Chao Ming-Te
Published: July 2017

It is a challenging topic to perform pattern reconstruction from a unit-width skeleton, which is obtained by a parallel thinning algorithm. The bias skeleton yielded by a fully-parallel thinning algorithm, which usually results from the so-called hidden deletable points, will result in the difficulty of pattern reconstruction. In order to make a fully-parallel thinning algorithm pattern reconstructable, a newly-defined reconstructable skeletal pixel (RSP) including a thinning flag, iteration count, as well as reconstructable structure is proposed and applied for thinning iteration to obtain a skeleton table representing the resultant thin line. Based on the iteration count and reconstructable structure associated with each skeletal pixel in the skeleton table, the pattern can be reconstructed by means of the dilating and uniting operations. Embedding a conventional fully-parallel thinning algorithm into the proposed approach, the pattern may be over-reconstructed due to the influence of a biased skeleton. A simple process of removing hidden deletable points (RHDP) in the thinning iteration is thus presented to reduce the effect of the biased skeleton. Three well-known fully-parallel thinning algorithms are used for experiments. The performances investigated by the measurement of reconstructability (MR), the number of iterations (NI), as well as the measurement of skeleton deviation (MSD) confirm the feasibility of the proposed pattern reconstruction approach with the assistance of the RHDP process.
Desiccator Volume: A Vital Yet Ignored Parameter in CaCO3 Crystallization by the Ammonium Carbonate Diffusion Method
Authors: Harris Joe , Wolf Stephan
Published: July 2017

Employing the widely used ammonium carbonate diffusion method, we demonstrate that altering an extrinsic parameter—desiccator size—which is rarely detailed in publications, can alter the route of crystallization. Hexagonally packed assemblies of spherical magnesium-calcium carbonate particles or spherulitic aragonitic particles can be selectively prepared from the same initial reaction solution by simply changing the internal volume of the desiccator, thereby changing the rate of carbonate addition and consequently precursor formation. This demonstrates that it is not merely the quantity of an additive which can control particle morphogenesis and phase selectivity, but control of other often ignored parameters are vital to ensure adequate reproducibility.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes of the Germanium-Rich Metalloid Clusters [Ge9R3]− and [Ge9RI2]2− with R = Si(iPr)3 and RI = Si(TMS)3
Authors: Geitner Felix S. , Giebel Michael A. , Pöthig Alexander , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: July 2017

We report on the synthesis of novel coinage metal NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) compounds of the germanium-rich metalloid clusters [Ge9R3]− and [Ge9RI2]2− with R = Si(iPr)3 and RI = Si(TMS)3. NHCDippCu{η3Ge9R3} with R = Si(iPr)3 (1) represents a less bulky silyl group-substituted derivative of the known analogous compounds with R = Si(iBu)3 or Si(TMS)3. The coordination of the [NHCDippCu]+ moiety to the cluster unit occurs via one triangular face of the tri-capped trigonal prismatic [Ge9] cluster. Furthermore, a series of novel Zintl cluster coinage metal NHC compounds of the type (NHCM)2{η3Ge9RI2} (RI = Si(TMS)3 M = Cu, Ag and Au; NHC = NHCDipp or NHCMes) is presented. These novel compounds represent a new class of neutral dinuclear Zintl cluster coinage metal NHC compounds, which are obtained either by the stepwise reaction of a suspension of K12Ge17 with Si(TMS)3Cl and the coinage metal carbene complexes NHCMCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au), or via a homogenous reaction using the preformed bis-silylated cluster K2[Ge9(Si(TMS)3)2] and the corresponding NHCMCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) complex. The molecular structures of NHCDippCu{η3Ge9(Si(iPr)3)3} (1) and (NHCDippCu)2{η3-Ge9(Si(TMS)3)2} (2) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In 2, the coordination of the [NHCDippCu]+ moieties to the cluster unit takes place via both open triangular faces of the [Ge9] entity. Furthermore, all compounds were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 29Si) and ESI-MS.
Special Issue: Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Ciruela Francisco , Sotelo Eddy
Published: July 2017

Nearly 90 years ago, Drury and Szent-Györgyi revealed that adenosine produced profound hypotension and bradycardia, and it affected kidney function in mammals [1]. [...]
A Systematic Review of Adaptivity in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Ahmad Muneeb , Mubin Omar , Orlando Joanne
Published: July 2017

As the field of social robotics is growing, a consensus has been made on the design and implementation of robotic systems that are capable of adapting based on the user actions. These actions may be based on their emotions, personality or memory of past interactions. Therefore, we believe it is significant to report a review of the past research on the use of adaptive robots that have been utilised in various social environments. In this paper, we present a systematic review on the reported adaptive interactions across a number of domain areas during Human-Robot Interaction and also give future directions that can guide the design of future adaptive social robots. We conjecture that this will help towards achieving long-term applicability of robots in various social domains.
ProtozoaDB 2.0: A Trypanosoma Brucei Case Study
Authors: Jardim Rodrigo , Tschoeke Diogo , Dávila Alberto
Published: July 2017

Over the last decade new species of Protozoa have been sequenced and deposited in GenBank. Analyzing large amounts of genomic data, especially using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), is not a trivial task, considering that researchers used to deal or focus their studies on few genes or gene families or even small genomes. To facilitate the information extraction process from genomic data, we developed a database system called ProtozoaDB that included five genomes of Protozoa in its first version. In the present study, we present a new version of ProtozoaDB called ProtozoaDB 2.0, now with the genomes of 22 pathogenic Protozoa. The system has been fully remodeled to allow for new tools and a more expanded view of data, and now includes a number of analyses such as: (i) similarities with other databases (model organisms, the Conserved Domains Database, and the Protein Data Bank); (ii) visualization of KEGG metabolic pathways; (iii) the protein structure from PDB; (iv) homology inferences; (v) the search for related publications in PubMed; (vi) superfamily classification; and (vii) phenotype inferences based on comparisons with model organisms. ProtozoaDB 2.0 supports RESTful Web Services to make data access easier. Those services were written in Ruby language using Ruby on Rails (RoR). This new version also allows a more detailed analysis of the object of study, as well as expanding the number of genomes and proteomes available to the scientific community. In our case study, a group of prenyltransferase proteinsalready described in the literature was found to be a good drug target for Trypanosomatids.
Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources
Authors: Krakauer Nir , Cohan Daniel
Published: July 2017

Solar and wind resources available for power generation are subject to variability due to meteorological factors. Here, we use a new global climate reanalysis product, Version 2 of the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), to quantify interannual variability of monthly-mean solar and wind resource from 1980 to 2016 at a resolution of about 0.5 degrees. We find an average coefficient of variation (CV) of 11% for monthly-mean solar radiation and 8% for wind speed. Mean CVs were about 25% greater over ocean than over land and, for land areas, were greatest at high latitude. The correlation between solar and wind anomalies was near zero in the global mean, but markedly positive or negative in some regions. Both wind and solar variability were correlated with values of climate modes such as the Southern Oscillation Index and Arctic Oscillation, with correlations in the Northern Hemisphere generally stronger during winter. We conclude that reanalysis solar and wind fields could be helpful in assessing variability in power generation due to interannual fluctuations in the solar and wind resource. Skillful prediction of these fluctuations seems to be possible, particularly for certain regions and seasons, given the persistence or predictability of climate modes with which these fluctuations are associated.
Modeling Cross-Border Regions, Place-Making, and Resource Management: A Delphi Analysis
Authors: Buckley Patrick H. , Belec John , Anderson Amy D.
Published: July 2017

Along international borders, spillover of resource management issues is a growing challenge. Development of cross-border regions (CBRs) is seen as an emerging means of addressing these issues. A set of theoretical models, geo-economic mobilization and a resource-focused territorial program of place-making have been proposed as a lens for understanding why such change could occur. From this theory, we identify three C’s as critical initial or necessary conditions to start the process: common territorial identity, convergence of knowledge and values, willingness for cooperation. We then utilize results of a Delphi study in the Fraser Lowland, a sub-district of the American-Canadian Cascadia borderland, to test if these three are present and actively working together. Our analysis based on both cumulative logit and mixed-effect modeling confirms the active existence of the three C’s demonstrating the value of these theoretical models. However, the Delphi also shows that not all in this region are convinced of cross-border convergence and case studies provide mixed signals of successful cross-border resource management, indicating that sufficient conditions are yet to be fully met. Thus, our results confirm the value of these models as a lens to view events, but leave many questions to be researched.
Demonstration and Methodology of Structural Monitoring of Stringer Runs out Composite Areas by Embedded Optical Fiber Sensors and Connectors Integrated during Production in a Composite Plant
Authors: Miguel Giraldo Carlos , Zúñiga Sagredo Juan , Sánchez Gómez José , Corredera Pedro
Published: July 2017

Embedding optical fibers sensors into composite structures for Structural Health Monitoring purposes is not just one of the most attractive solutions contributing to smart structures, but also the optimum integration approach that insures maximum protection and integrity of the fibers. Nevertheless this intended integration level still remains an industrial challenge since today there is no mature integration process in composite plants matching all necessary requirements. This article describes the process developed to integrate optical fiber sensors in the Production cycle of a test specimen. The sensors, Bragg gratings, were integrated into the laminate during automatic tape lay-up and also by a secondary bonding process, both in the Airbus Composite Plant. The test specimen, completely representative of the root joint of the lower wing cover of a real aircraft, is comprised of a structural skin panel with the associated stringer run out. The ingress-egress was achieved through the precise design and integration of miniaturized optical connectors compatible with the manufacturing conditions and operational test requirements. After production, the specimen was trimmed, assembled and bolted to metallic plates to represent the real triform and buttstrap, and eventually installed into the structural test rig. The interrogation of the sensors proves the effectiveness of the integration process; the analysis of the strain results demonstrate the good correlation between fiber sensors and electrical gauges in those locations where they are installed nearby, and the curvature and load transfer analysis in the bolted stringer run out area enable demonstration of the consistency of the fiber sensors measurements. In conclusion, this work presents strong evidence of the performance of embedded optical sensors for structural health monitoring purposes, where in addition and most importantly, the fibers were integrated in a real production environment and the ingress-egress issue was solved by the design and integration of miniaturized connectors compatible with the manufacturing and structural test phases.
The Effects of Food Waste on Wildlife and Humans
Authors: Newsome Thomas , Van Eeden Lily
Published: July 2017

A reduction in the loss and waste of human food is a global issue for addressing poverty and hunger in poorer nations, and for reducing the environmental footprint of the agriculture sector. An emerging issue, however, is that food wasted by humans is often accessible to wildlife, affecting wildlife ecology and behaviour, as well as ecological processes and community dynamics. Here we highlight the extent of such impacts, drawing on examples from mammalian predators and other taxonomic groups. We then develop two conceptual models. The first shows how wildlife access to food waste can exacerbate human-wildlife conflicts. The second highlights that when food waste is removed, the effects on wildlife and ecosystem processes should be monitored. The conceptual models are important when considering that large quantities of food waste are intentionally and unintentionally provided to wildlife around the world. We conclude there is an urgent need to change the way people currently manage the food we produce.