bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cost of Female Citizenship
Authors: Jarvis Katie L.
Published: September 2018

In 1793, the National Convention passed two hallmarks of Jacobin legislation: sweeping price controls called the General Maximum and a ban on women's political clubs. At the center of both issues were factional clashes among the Montagnards, Girondins, and Enragés, on the one hand, and Parisian market women called the Dames des Halles and the leading women's club called the Société des Citoyennes Républicaines Révolutionnaires, on the other. Montagnard deputies pointed to marketplace brawls between the Dames and the club women to argue that women were irrational and had no place in formal politics. Consequently, the dominant historiographical narrative frames their ban as codifying Rousseauian gender norms and ideologically stunting women's citizenship at the outset of French democracy. However, this article analyzes the mechanics of the Maximum to argue that the ban on women's clubs emerged from contests over price controls, market regulation, and the economic dimensions of citizenship itself.

En 1793, la Convention nationale vota deux projets phares de la législation jacobine : la loi du Maximum général sur le contrôle des prix et l'interdiction des clubs politiques féminins. Ces projets se déroulèrent pendant les affrontements entre d'une part les Montagnards, les Girondins et les Enragés, et d'autre part les marchandes parisiennes appelées « Dames des halles » et la Société des citoyennes républicaines révolutionnaires, qui fut alors le principal club féminin. En octobre, les Montagnards dénoncèrent des rixes entre les Dames des halles et les Citoyennes républicaines pour soutenir que les femmes étaient irrationnelles et ne devaient pas participer à la vie politique. Par la suite, l'historiographie considéra que l'interdiction des clubs féminins transcrivit dans la loi les normes de genre rousseauiennes qui avaient cours dans la société et stipulaient que la citoyenneté ne pouvait s'exercer que dans le cadre des institutions politiques, d'où les femmes devaient être exclues. Cependant, cet article analyse le fonctionnement de la loi du Maximum pour soutenir que l'interdiction des clubs féminins fut moins une transcription de normes de genre écartant les femmes de la vie politique, qu'elle n'émergea face aux tensions qui existèrent entre les marchandes et les consommateurs, porteurs de visions contradictoires sur les droits et les devoirs économiques des citoyens. Dès lors, la participation à la vie économique peut être analysée comme un enjeu politique qui révèle des conceptions différentes de la citoyenneté et de la participation à la démocratie.
Bad Reading
Authors: Bradway Teagan
Published: September 2018

This essay argues that queer experimental literature provides a hermeneutic mode to resist the gentrification of LGBTQ literature in the aftermath of the AIDS crisis. Queer experimental literature elicits “bad reading,” affective relations of reading that disrupt the corporeal norms that fuse readers into the heteronormative public sphere. Bad reading conjures new economies of social and erotic relation in historical moments when queer belonging is foreclosed, stigmatized, or forgotten. Locating bad reading beside paranoid, reparative, and postcritical reading, the essay situates queer reading within the wider social field from which it emerges. To do so, I turn to Samuel Delany’s experimental AIDS writing. Delany rewrites academic discourses of deconstruction, forcing critics to confront their affective and historical implication in the AIDS crisis. He uses queer experimental literature to recuperate the radicalism of queer eroticism disavowed by mainstream gay literature and safe-sex discourses alike. The Mad Man (1994) contests the conceit that experimental literature is politically solipsistic and affectively unpleasant by inviting readers into the incipiently social relations of queer eroticism. The novel’s provocations of bad reading condense an affective archive of unsanctioned queer hermeneutics, which have been elided in disciplinary debates over critical reading.
Activation of Wnt signaling reduces ipsilaterally-projecting retinal ganglion cells in pigmented retina
Authors: Iwai-Takekoshi Lena , Balasubramanian Revathi , Sitko Austen , Khan Rehnuma , Weinreb Samuel , Robinson Kiera , Mason Carol
Published: September 2018

In mammalian albinism, disrupted melanogenesis in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with fewer retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting ipsilaterally to the brain, resulting in numerous abnormalities in the retina and visual pathway, especially binocular vision. To further understand the molecular link between disrupted RPE and a reduced ipsilateral RGC projection in albinism, we compared gene expression in the embryonic albino and pigmented mouse RPE. We found that the Wnt pathway, which directs peripheral retinal differentiation and generally, cell proliferation, is dysregulated in the albino RPE. Wnt2b expression is expanded in the albino RPE compared with the pigmented RPE, and the expanded region adjoins the site of ipsilateral RGC neurogenesis and settling. Pharmacological activation of Wnt signaling in pigmented mice by lithium (Li+) treatment in vivo reduces Zic2-positive RGCs, normally fated to project ipsilaterally, to numbers observed in the albino retina. These results implicate Wnt signaling from the RPE to neural retina as a potential factor in the regulation of ipsilateral RGC production, and thus the albino phenotype.
The dynamics of Hippo signaling during Drosophila wing development
Authors: Pan Yuanwang , Alégot Herve , Rauskolb Cordelia , Irvine Kenneth D.
Published: September 2018

Tissue growth needs to be properly controlled for organs to reach their correct size and shape, but the mechanisms that control growth during normal development are not fully understood. We report here that the activity of the Hippo signaling transcriptional activator Yorkie gradually decreases in the central region of the developing Drosophila wing disc. Spatial and temporal changes in Yorkie activity can be explained by changes in cytoskeletal tension and biomechanical regulators of Hippo signaling. These changes in cellular biomechanics correlate with changes in cell density, and experimental manipulations of cell density are sufficient to alter biomechanical Hippo signaling and Yorkie activity. We also relate the pattern of Yorkie activity in older discs to patterns of cell proliferation. Our results establish that spatial and temporal patterns of Hippo signaling occur during wing development, that these patterns depend upon cell-density modulated tissue mechanics and that they contribute to the regulation of wing cell proliferation.
Local microtubule organization promotes cargo transport in C. elegans dendrites
Authors: Harterink Martin , Edwards Stacey L. , de Haan Bart , Yau Kah Wai , van den Heuvel Sander , Kapitein Lukas C. , Miller Kenneth G. , Hoogenraad Casper C.
Published: September 2018

The specific organization of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton in axons and dendrites is an evolutionarily conserved determinant of neuronal polarity that allows for selective cargo sorting. However, how dendritic microtubules are organized and whether local differences influence cargo transport remains largely unknown. Here, we use live-cell imaging to systematically probe the microtubule organization in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, and demonstrate the contribution of distinct mechanisms in the organization of dendritic microtubules. We found that most non-ciliated neurons depend on unc-116 (kinesin-1), unc-33 (CRMP) and unc-44 (ankyrin) for correct microtubule organization and polarized cargo transport, as previously reported. Ciliated neurons and the URX neuron, however, use an additional pathway to nucleate microtubules at the tip of the dendrite, from the base of the cilium in ciliated neurons. Since inhibition of distal microtubule nucleation affects distal dendritic transport, we propose a model in which the presence of a microtubule-organizing center at the dendrite tip ensures correct dendritic cargo transport.
Access to Migration for Rural Households
Authors: Kinnan Cynthia , Wang Shing-Yi , Wang Yongxiang
Published: September 2018

This paper exploits a unique feature of China’s history, the “sent-down youth” (SDY ) program, to study the effects of access to internal migration. We show that temporary migration due to the SDY program created lasting inter-province links. We interact these links with two time-varying pull measures in potential destinations. Decades after the SDY program ended, increased access to migration in cities that sent SDY leads to higher rates of migration from provinces where those SDY temporarily resided. We find that improved access to migration leads to lower consumption volatility and lower asset holding. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities. (JEL D13, J24, O15, O18, P25, P36, R23)
Why Has Urban Inequality Increased?
Authors: Baum-Snow Nathaniel , Freedman Matthew , Pavan Ronni
Published: September 2018

This paper examines mechanisms driving the more rapid increases in wage inequality in larger cities between 1980 and 2007. Production function estimates indicate strong evidence of capital–skill complementarity and increases in the skill bias of agglomeration economies in the context of rapid skill-biased technical change. Immigration shocks are the source of identifying variation across cities in changes to the relative supply of skilled versus unskilled labor. Estimates indicate that changes in the factor biases of agglomeration economies rationalize at least 80 percent of the more rapid increases in wage inequality in larger cities. (JEL J24, J31, O33, R23)
The Effect of Terrorism on Employment and Consumer Sentiment: Evidence from Successful and Failed Terror Attacks
Authors: Brodeur Abel
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the economic consequences of terror attacks by exploiting the inherent randomness in the success or failure of terror attacks. The findings suggest that successful attacks, in comparison to failed attacks, reduce the number of jobs and total earnings in targeted counties by approximately 2 percent in the years following the attack. Analyzing the channels, I find that successful attacks affect, in particular, specific industries such as housing. Last, I show that successful attacks receive more media coverage and increase levels of consumer pessimism in terms of business conditions and buying conditions. (JEL D12, D14, J31, K42, L82, R23)
Role Models or Individual Consulting: The Impact of Personalizing Micro-entrepreneurship Training
Authors: Lafortune Jeanne , Riutort Julio , Tessada José
Published: September 2018

Using a randomized experiment in Chile, we study the impact role models have in the context of a training program for micro–entrepreneurs. We show that being in a group randomly chosen to be visited by a successful alumnus of the program increases household income one year after, mostly due to increased business participation and business income. We also randomized the provision of personalized “consulting sessions” vis–à–vis group sessions, and observe similar effects on income, with the role model intervention being significantly more cost-effective and better suited for less experienced businesses. (JEL J24, L25, L26, M53, O14, O15)
Burden of cancer in Kenya: types, infection-attributable and trends. A national referral hospital retrospective survey
Authors: Macharia Lucy Wanjiku , Mureithi Marianne Wanjiru , Anzala Omu
Published: September 2018

Background: Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem. In Kenya it ranks third as a cause of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 15% of the global cancer burden is attributable to infectious agents, with higher percentages in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to provide comprehensive hospital based data to inform policies

Method: A retrospective survey was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) from 2008 to 2012.  Data was obtained from the patients files using a pre-designed data collection form. The study was approved by the KNH/University of Nairobi and MTRH Ethics and Research Committees.

Results: In KNH, the five most common cancers in females (n=300) were cervical 62 (20.7%), breast 59 (19.7%), ovarian 22 (7.3%), chronic leukemia 16 (5.3%), endometrial and gastric both with 15 (5%). In males (n=200) they were prostate 23 (11.5%), laryngeal 19 (9.5%), colorectal 17 (8.5%), esophageal 14 (7.0%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 12 (6%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: cervical 62 (12.4%), colorectal 31 (6.2%), gastric 26 (5.2%), prostate 23 (4.6%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 17 (3.4%). In contrast, in MTRH the five most common cancers in females (n=282) were breast cancer 74 (26.2%), cervical 41 (14.5%), Kaposi’s sarcoma 38 (13.5%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 15(5.3%) and ovarian 14 (5%) while in males (n=218) they were Kaposi’s sarcoma 55 (25.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 22 (10.1%),  chronic leukemia 17 (7.8%), colorectal and esophageal cancers both with 16 (7.3%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: Kaposi’s sarcoma 93 (18.6%), cervical 41 (8.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 37 (7.4%), colorectal 27 (5.4%) and liver cancer 16 (3.2%).

Conclusion: This study presents a picture of the burden of cancer and infection-attributable cancer from two referral hospitals in Kenya. Reducing the burden of infection-attributable cancers can translate to a reduction of the overall cancer burden.
Policy spotlight
Authors: Davies John
Published: September 2018

This regular feature aims to provide key political news in relation to dentistry and an update on the Faculty’s policy activities. You can find out more in the Government Relations and Media sections of the FDS website.
The experiences and perceptions of dental core trainees new to maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Kaur Harlene
Published: September 2018

Are DCTs’ experiences during their first weeks having a negative impact on maxillofacial trainee numbers?
Hydroxychloroquine induced palatal and facial pigmentation
Authors: Jawad Huda , Aabed Saher
Published: September 2018

Learning points from a case of a patient with bluish pigmentation of the hard palate.
Preventable deaths: an exploration of sepsis to develop clinical understanding and improve practice
Authors: Mead Melissa
Published: September 2018

In September, the UK Sepsis Trust launched a campaign to raise awareness about sepsis in the dental community, with information posters being sent to every dental practice in the country. So what is sepsis, why is the condition so dangerous and what should you look out for?
Paradigm shift
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: September 2018

A brief history of the future of dentistry in the US
Revisiting the Druze Politics in Palestine under British Colonial Rule
Authors: Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif
Published: September 2018

There is an established literature which argues that the Druze of Palestine were either neutral during the Colonial period or supportive of the Zionist Agency and its plans. The aim of this research is to counter the Zionist narratives that promote the concept of Druze–Zionist cooperation. I argue that the Druze were supportive of the Palestinian-Arab cause, and they heavily participated in the anti-colonial activities of the Palestinians, politically and militarily. Their military participation was manifested in their participation in the events of 1929, 1936, and 1948. Politically, Sheikh Amin Tarif led the community in their stance against Zionism. This research will provide a new account and narrative for the Druze role in the events in mandatory Palestine, revealing their supportive stance to the Palestinian national struggle.
On care and dissonance within pedagogical encounters
Authors: Waghid Yusef
Published: September 2018

Pedagogical encounters in South African universities among students and teachers are progressively moving away from constrained human relations reminiscent of the apartheid past. No longer can the South African university be considered strictly as a place where knowledge is imposed without also evoking the potentialities of students. In this article, I argue that educational encounters have the potential to be more open, deliberative and provocative if guided by intertwined notions of care, dissonance and remaining within the present (kairos). Encounters ought to be cultivated within a care of dissonance if such actions are to unfold more plausibly in university classrooms.
An ethics of care research manifesto
Authors: Brannelly Tula
Published: September 2018

Participatory methodologies are frequently used in social research and have matured over the past decades. Ethical aspects of participatory research feature in retrospective accounts of partnerships that contribute to quality research, and those that were problematic to negotiate in the research partnership. Meanwhile, social researchers have shared concerns about meaningful transformations from research and the processes involved to achieve effective, responsive partnerships. As participatory methodologies have matured, so has an ethics of care. An ethics of care research manifesto provides a framework for surfacing marginalisation and the potential for transformation, considering interdependencies, and negotiating research relationships with the broader research community.
Inviting the human
Authors: Keylock Lee
Published: September 2018

One of the signature horrors of our generation was the murders in Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown. Lee Keylock was a high-school teacher in Sandy Hook and discusses how we must be more intentional about using narrative as the vehicle to support, care for and heal our fellow humans, arguing that a fuller, more nuanced, awareness about an individual can only increase the quality of care that we can give. He argues that if we collapse the distance between people and see our own self in another’s story (a radical act), then we are more apt to treat them compassionately.
Sea, sand and shadow economy – consumer acceptance of shadow hospitality in Greece
Authors: Apostolidis Chrysostomos , Haeussler Stephanie
Published: September 2018

This study explores tourists’ acceptance of shadow hospitality (SH) and examines how individuals rationalize this acceptance. Based on deterrence theory and neutralization techniques (NTs), a theoretical model is proposed to support the development of strategies to control SH and its negative aspects. In-depth interviews with respondents from Greece, United Kingdom and Germany were carried out and analysed using template analysis. Five broad themes are identified explaining respondents’ acceptance of SH: economic benefits, domesticity, supporting local communities, seeking authentic experiences and uniqueness. Perceived quality, penalties and shame are the factors negatively influencing acceptance of SH. Although people appear to be aware of the issues associated with SH, various NTs are used to justify acceptance of SH and avoid (self-)blame. The research explains how tourists can be stimulated to consciously consider their purchasing behaviour. The various NTs employed suggest that governments and businesses need to develop various interventions to control SH and reduce its impact on the tourism sector. By developing a theoretical model, the study contributes to the understanding of tourists’ acceptance of SH and provides a foundation for further research in the increasingly popular but under-researched informal hospitality sector.
Discourses of scale in network hospitality: From the Airbnb home to the global imaginary of ‘belong anywhere’
Authors: Molz Jennie Germann
Published: September 2018

Tourists are increasingly turning to peer-to-peer platforms such as Airbnb to arrange homestays in their destinations. For better or for worse, these forms of network hospitality are transforming the hospitality landscape, with critical repercussions for home owners, residential neighbourhoods, local economies, urban planners and company investors and executives. These stakeholders often frame their discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of network hospitality in scalar terms. The article begins by analysing the discursive construction of spatial scales, spanning from the private enclaves of hosts’ homes, to the public spaces of neighbourhoods and cities, to the global imaginary implied in Airbnb’s motto ‘Belong Anywhere’. It then asks how temporal and digital scales are also invoked in discourse about Airbnb, and with what ethical and political implications. Drawing on scholarly research, newspaper articles and corporate marketing materials, the analysis reflects critically on how scale is deployed to assert power, assign moral responsibility, and make claims to belonging in the context of network hospitality.
‘Longing for the British Raj’: Imperial/colonial nostalgia and tourism
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ranjan
Published: September 2018

Hospitality and tourism scholars have acknowledged the significance of colonial nostalgia for the discipline; however, much needs to be done to analyse the consequences involved. Using the theoretical background of postcolonialism and whiteness studies, this study attends to this significant research gap by exploring British tourists’ pursuit of colonial nostalgia through tourism, thus emphasizing that colonial nostalgia is a distinctively hospitality and tourism social science phenomenon. British tourists visiting Kolkata and Darjeeling in India were interviewed and the results revealed that these tourists are proud of the British Empire and visit India to resurrect those golden days when Britannia ruled the waves and bask in the glory of the Raj and its ‘Anglophilia’. The British tourists’ attitude on one hand expressed their pride of being a superior race compared to the savage Indians, and on the other, justified their support for the legacy of the British Empire.
Antioxidant Protection of Donor Packed Red Blood Cells using Mexidol
Authors: D.V. Gavryuchenkov , I.V. Fedoseykin , V.E. Kosachev , V.A. Shapovalova , E.N. Dinov , Y.E. Dinova , I.A. Nikiforov , A.G. Merkin
Published: September 2018

The current research shows the possibility of long-term conservation of the erythrocytes an-tioxidant activity in the process of donor packed red blood cells while introducing mexidol to the hemoconservant glugicir composition.
Three-dimensional analysis of airway space and mandibular morphology in Pierre Robin sequence using cone beam computed tomography.
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Dontaine Timothée , Odri Guillaume A , Zech Francis , Bayet Benedicte , Reychler Hervé
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is defined by retromicrognathia, glossoptosis, and sleep apnea and can also be associated with cleft palate. Diagnosis, management and mandibular catch-up growth are still controversial issues in PRS patients. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate in three dimensions (3D) the airway space and mandibular morphology in PRS compared to a normal control group patients in the pre-orthodontic period of life. The null hypothesis was that we would not find a significant difference between the PRS and control group patients in oropharyngeal airway volume measurements. Material and methods: We analyzed 9 PRS patients (mean age: 8 years-old) who underwent cleft palate surgery in the first four months of life, performed by the same surgeon using the same technique. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed in these patients after local ethical committee approval. The control group consisted of 15 patients (mean age: 9 years-old) with CBCT already performed for other reasons. 3D Slicer was used in both groups for semi-automatic segmentation of the airway space. Two independent observers performed semi-automatic segmentations twice in each patient with a one- week interval between the two series of measurements. Airway volume was automatically measured using 3D Slicer. We also developed a 3D cephalometric analysis with Maxilim software in order to define a 3D mandibular morphology which consisted of 25 landmarks, 4 planes, and 23 distances. Two independent observers performed the 3D cephalometric analysis twice for each patient, with a one- week interval between the two series of measurements. Results: There was no significant difference in the intra- and inter-observer measurements between the PRS and control groups for airway space volume (p<0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the shape of the mandible between the PRS group and the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Vertical ramus width and mandibular global anteroposterior length were significantly lower in the PRS group. Mandibular hypoplasia could be found in PRS patients not only in the horizontal dimension. Nemesis relevance: the null hypothesis was confirmed. Moreover we failed to find exactly the same control group under 9 years-old due to radioprotection restrictions of application of cone beam CT in children.
Collette Snowden, Sally Lewis, Mixed Messages: Public Communication About Higher Education and Non-traditional Students in Australia (Rozbieżne komunikaty: publiczna dyskusja na temat szkolnictwa wyższego a nietypowi studenci w Australii), „Higher Education” 2015, vol. 70, iss. 3 (opr. Monika Kotowska-Lewińska)
Authors: Kotowska-Lewińska Monika
Published: September 2018

Collette Snowden, Sally Lewis, Mixed Messages: Public Communication About Higher Education and Non-traditional Students in Australia (Rozbieżne komunikaty: publiczna dyskusja na temat szkolnictwa wyższego a nietypowi studenci w Australii), „Higher Education” 2015, vol. 70, iss. 3 (opr. Monika Kotowska-Lewińska)
Methylation pattern polymorphism of cyp19a in Nile tilapia and hybrids
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Zhao Yonghua , He Yudong , Zhao Jinliang
Published: September 2018

Skewed sex development is prevalent in fish hybrids. However, the histological observation and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the interspecific hybrids of the two fish species,Oreochromis niloticusandOreochromis aureus, had a male ratio of 98.02%. Microscopic examination revealed that the gonads of both male and female hybrids were developmentally retarded. Compared with the ovaries, the testes of bothO. niloticusand hybrids showed higher DNA methylation level in two selected regions in the promoter ofcyp19a, the gonadal aromatase gene that converts androgens into estrogens,cyp19ashowed higher level gene expression in the ovary than in the testis in bothO. niloticusand hybrid tilapia. Methylation and gene expression level ofcyp19awere negative correlation between the testis and ovary. Gene transcription was suppressed by the methylation of thecyp19apromoter in vitro. While there is no obvious difference of the methylation level in testis or ovary betweenO. niloticusand hybrids. Thus, the DNA methylation of the promoter ofcyp19amay be an essential component of the sex maintenance, but not a determinant of high male ratio and developmental retardation of gonads in tilapia hybrids.
Follow-up in children with non-obese and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Ergin Zeynep , Savaş-Erdeve Şenay , Kurnaz Erdal , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra
Published: September 2018

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical, laboratory and imaging findings and to have an idea about the clinical course of subclinical hypothyroidism in children.

Methods

Our study included 25 patients who were diagnosed with non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism without goitre, between the ages of 3 and 18 and with body mass index (BMI) below the 85th percentile.

Results

The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 6.92±0.92 μIU/mL at diagnosis, 4.77±1.57 μIU/mL in the third month and 4.51±1.79 μIU/mL in the first year of follow-up. About 73.7% of subclinical hypothyroidism was recovered. There was no statistically significant difference between heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and thyroid volume at diagnosis and in the first year of follow-up. In the first year of follow-up, systolic blood pressure and high-sensitivity CRP value were significantly higher than at diagnosis. However, it was observed that these values were similar in the present group with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Conclusions

We concluded that there was no progression to overt hypothyroidism during 1-year follow-up and that subclinical hypothyroidism had no effect on height standard deviation score (SDS), BMI SDS, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism during follow-up without treatment.
ZrNiAl-type gallides with pronounced metal-metal bonding, and the dimorphism of ScPdGa
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: September 2018

The ZrNiAl-type (space group P6̅2m) gallides TIrGa (T=Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta), ZrNiGa and ScPdGa were obtained by arc-melting of the elements, followed by annealing in sealed silica tubes. The samples have been characterized through their Guinier powder patterns. The structures of ZrNiGa, NbIr1.08Ga0.92 and TaIr1.10Ga0.90 were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. Refinements of the occupancy parameters indicate the formation of solid solutions for the niobium and the tantalum compound. Within the huge family of ZrNiAl-type phases, NbIr1.08Ga0.92 and TaIr1.10Ga0.90 have the smallest c/a ratios; however, no structural distortions or superstructure formation have been observed. Electronic structure calculations were exemplarily carried out for NbIrGa, substantiating the dominance of the Ir–Ga and Nb–Ir bonding interactions. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of LT-ScPdGa, ZrIrGa, NbIrGa and HfIrGa have shown Pauli paramagnetism. ScPdGa is dimorphic with an orthorhombic TiNiSi-type high-temperature modification (arc-melting and quenching; space group Pnma) which transforms to the hexagonal ZrNiAl-type low-temperature modification upon annealing at 1023 K. Both structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. HT-ScPdGa exclusively shows Pd–Ga bonding within the three-dimensional [PdGa] polyanionic network, while additional weak Pd–Pd and Ga–Ga interactions occur in LT-ScPdGa.
Application of Internal Curing in Cementitious Grouts for Prefabricated Bridge Concrete Elements Connections
Authors: De la Varga Igor , Spragg Robert P. , Muñoz José F. , Nickel Caleb A. , Graybeal Benjamin A.
Published: September 2018

Cementitious grouts are widely used in construction industry applications, including joint sealing, flooring, structural repairs, and field-cast connections for prefabricated bridge elements (PBE). The authors of this article have a strong interest in the latter application. PBEs facilitate accelerated bridge construction, increase safety, and minimize the inconveniences to the traveling public, while delivering a superior product. While these concrete elements are produced off-site with higher production levels, they rely on the field-cast grout material to complete the connections between them. The ideal grout for PBE connections is self-consolidating, has high early strength, good dimensional stability, good durability, and bonds well to precast concrete. The most common grout type used in PBE connections is based on cement or cementitious materials. This type of grout, however, has at times shown serviceability issues that are mainly associated with dimensional stability (primarily shrinkage), which might also influence the bond to the concrete element. The authors of this article are investigating the possibility of including internal curing (IC) in cementitious grouts with the aim of partially reducing or mitigating most of the shrinkage observed in these materials. The research discusses the particularities encountered in designing IC cementitious grouts, as opposed to conventional concretes, and evaluates the effect that IC has on several grout material properties with special focus on those relevant to PBE connection applications: shrinkage and bond. Results indicate that the inclusion of IC in cementitious grouts reduces both autogenous and drying shrinkage. The effect that this may have on the bond performance is also discussed from a mechanical and microstructural point of view. Finally, an initial cost analysis is provided.
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osseointegration of titanium implant via downregulating AGEs/RAGE pathway in T2DM
Authors: Jia Tingting , Wang Ya-nan , Zhang Dongjiao , Xu Xin
Published: September 2018

Diabetes-induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) overproduction would result in compromised osseointegration of titanium implant and high rate of implantation failure. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25VD3) plays a vital role in osteogenesis, whereas its effects on the osseointegration and the underlying mechanism are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate that 1,25VD3might promote the defensive ability of osseointegration through suppressing AGEs/RAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In animal study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats accepted implant surgery, with or without 1,25VD3intervention for 12 weeks. After killing, the serum AGEs level, bone microarchitecture and biomechanical index of rats were measured systematically.In vitrostudy, osteoblasts differentiation capacity was analyzed by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase assay and Western blotting, after treatment with BSA, AGEs, AGEs with RAGE inhibitor and AGEs with 1,25VD3. And the expression of RAGE protein was detected to explore the mechanism. Results showed that 1,25VD3could reverse the impaired osseointegration and mechanical strength, which possibly resulted from the increased AGEs. Moreover, 1,25VD3could ameliorate AGEs-induced damage of cell osteogenic differentiation, as well as downregulating the RAGE expression. These data may provide a theoretical basis that 1,25VD3could work as an adjuvant treatment against poor osseointegration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Apoptotic germ cells regulate Sertoli cell lipid storage and fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Regueira Mariana , Gorga Agostina , Rindone Gustavo Marcelo , Pellizzari Eliana Herminia , Cigorraga Selva , Galardo María Noel , Riera María Fernanda , Meroni Silvina Beatriz
Published: September 2018

The presence of lipid droplets (LD) and the utilization of fatty acids (FA) as a source of energy are Sertoli cell (SC) putative characteristics. It is well known that SC can phagocyte and degrade apoptotic germ cells (AGC) resulting in increasing lipid content and ATP levels. A relationship between the regulation of lipid storage and of lipid oxidation in SC might be envisaged. The aim of this study was to analyze whether AGC and FA are able to simultaneously regulate molecular mechanisms involved in lipid storage and FA oxidation in SC. The experimental model utilized in this study consisted in SC cultures obtained from 20-day-old rats that were co-cultured with AGC or treated with palmitic acid (PA, 500μM) for 24 and 48 hours. AGC and PA increase LD, triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and mRNA levels of Plin1, Plin2, Plin3 (proteins involved in TAG storage). Simultaneously, AGC and PA rise the extent of FA oxidation and mRNA levels of Cpt1, Lcad (proteins involved in FA degradation). PPARs are transcription factors which participate in lipid metabolism regulation. Results show that AGC and PA treatment increase PPAR transcriptional activity in SC. Additionally, the presence of a PPARg antagonist decreases the up-regulation of LD content and Plin1 expression. Similarly, the presence of a PPARb/d antagonist reduces the increase in FA oxidation and Cpt1 mRNA levels. Altogether these results suggest that AGC and FA, which probably generates PPARs ligands, regulate lipid storage and fatty acid utilization, contributing to the energy homeostasis in the seminiferous tubules.
The bacterial profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic use in the tertiary care NICU of Kosovo
Authors: Segal Julia , Hoxha Mynevere , Wien Simone , Hoxha Ilir , T Emeny Rebecca , Dev Alka , Hartman Tyler
Published: September 2018

Neonatal infections including sepsis, pneumonia, tetanus, and diarrhea are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. We performed a retrospective analysis of neonatal infections referred to the only tertiary referral Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Kosovo from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Of 1426 admissions, 702 (49.2%) were diagnosed with an infection. Proven or probable sepsis occurred in 107 patients, with 63.6% classified as early onset. Early onset sepsis cases were treated with an average of 4.37 antibiotics with 94.3% receiving vancomycin and 88.57% receiving carbapenem. No antibiotic sensitivity data was available at the time of data collection and the reasons for these prescribing practices which clearly deviate from standards in the United States are unclear. In conclusion, neonate sepsis rates continue to be high NICU patients in Kosovo. Further investigations and quality improvement initiatives need to be done to address antibiotic resistance patterns and antibiotic stewardship.
CLUSTERING OF THE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU
Authors: Dankevych Vitalii , Dankevych Yevgen , Pyvovar Petro
Published: September 2018

The relevance of this study is determined by the necessity to refocus the foreign trade policy of Ukraine and to adjust the agricultural sector of economy to the conjunctural changes on the world agricultural markets. At present, the structure of the foreign trade of Ukraine is changing drastically taking into account economic, social and political circumstances. How can one identify potential partners and single out those that are the most economically feasible for a long-term cooperation? This is one of the most topical issues of the development of the foreign economic activity. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trade partners of agricultural products between Ukraine and the EU. Using the k-means method and the Ward-method, clustering of the trade partners of the EU member countries and Ukraine is carried out. Three cluster groups are singled out and the main factors that have impact on these groups are described.
PRIVATE SOCIAL INVESTMENTS AS A SOLUTION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dyba Mykhailo , Gernego Iuliia
Published: September 2018

One of the greatest challenges for rural areas competitiveness is lack of their investment attractiveness. Therefore, the research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of private social investments for rural development. The paper aims to develop measures to activate private social investments in Ukrainian rural areas. The study is performed through a comparative analysis of an appropriate Lithuanian and Polish experience and a case study of Monsanto Company that is one of the few social responsible rural businesses in Ukraine. The results section represents findings to determine the current experience of social investments and recommendations how to improve the situation in Ukrainian rural areas. In particular, the rural areas require changing the state role from the direct investor into rural development manager, implementing project approach benefits.
GLOBAL INNOVATION SPACE FORMАTION
Authors: Djakons Deniss , Kalenyuk Iryna , Tsymbal Liudmyla
Published: September 2018

Relevance of the article is due to the dynamic processes of the formation of a global innovation space (GIS), which links the intellectual activity of the countries of the world into a single system and expands the possibilities for international cooperation. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the formation of the GIS and to determine, on this basis, key areas for the effective entry into it of each country. In the article used the methodology of comparative analysis and assessment of the dynamics of key indicators of innovation activity of the leading countries of the world (2007–2017). Results: the main trends in the development of the GIS were revealed; the directions of effective participation of each country in the ISU are substantiated taking into account the requirements of world ratings, intensification of competition for achievement of leadership positions at the global level.
RURAL COMMUNITY MOVEMENT IN LITHUANIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENT
Authors: Pareigienė Lina
Published: September 2018

After Lithuania regained the independence, the state confronted with many political, social, economic, and cultural challenges, which led to changes of norms, values, forms of activities and consciousness of citizens. Changing situation lead to the marginalization of rural areas, the rural community movement raised. The main reason for the rising movement was dissatisfaction about current situation and willingness to change it using communities’ resources. This movement is allied to new social movements, which arose in 1960 in Western world. For the creation of postindustrial rural areas the paradigm of innovative, sustainable, inclusive rural development determines that new theories, explaining transformations, are necessary. The aim of this research is to identify correspondence of Lithuanian rural community movement to new social movement theory. Scientific literature, related documents, and secondary statistical data were analysed, the theoretical framework of six dimensions was created and applied. The research results confirmed that rural community in Lithuania is to be viewed as a new social movement with some features of traditional movements. These findings may be useful for increasing the awareness about social transformations in rural areas.
On Finding Common Ground
Authors: Roubekas Nickolas
Published: September 2018

This is a brief reply to Sarah Rollens' piece.
L2 writer in a first-year writing class
Authors: Knoblock Natalia , Gorman Sarah
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the experiences of an international student who moved mid-semester from a mainstream section of a first-year composition class to a 'sheltered' section, comprised of L2 writers and taught by a TESOL professional, because of the difficulties encountered by the student. This pedagogical reflection focuses on the system of support available to the international students of our university and the reasons that the system first failed to help the student in question but, in due course, proved to assist in the student's success. Improved communication between the elements of the support network ultimately made a difference in the experience of the student and led to changes implemented in the support system. Better application of services already in place and additions to the system under discussion benefited the international students at the university. The recommendations developed as a result of this project may be useful to other institutions with similar student populations.
‘You need to criticize, not just summarize!’
Authors: Mirador Josephine
Published: September 2018

Perhaps one challenge facing postgraduate students is the writing of essays responding to a specific reading assignment. Such an essay requires students not only to summarize, but to engage in a discussion of the significant points of the article, pointing out its strengths as well as its weaknesses. This paper presents the results of an investigation on criticality in written assignments of postgraduate students in applied linguistics and TESOL. It will discuss:

How 'critical' are students when writing their assignments? 
What kind of 'critical' comments are they able to offer?

Seventy assignments in the form of essays were analysed, using corpora from three universities in Asia (2010-2014). The investigation adopted a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis. In the quantitative phase, the commenting or critiquing sentences were identified and counted vis-à-vis reporting/summarizing information. In the qualitative phase, the critiquing or commenting parts were further analysed, and identified according to their functions or 'moves'. The initial findings from the investigation include: (1) the almost equal proportion of commenting/critiquing and summarizing/reporting information in the assignments; (2) the identification of four broad functions for the commenting or critiquing information adopted by students, each of which has a number of possible specific 'moves' or categories; (3) presence of critique 'nodes' as distinguished from 'support' comments; and (4) the identification of at least four moves as the most recurrent and possibly obligatory categories. This investigation has unearthed issues that are definitely worth investigating as extensions of this research, and will be of interest (most especially) to genre analysts and teachers of writing. Most of all, it will be of interest to postgraduate students in applied linguistics/TESOL programmes who may be wondering about the level of criticality they exhibit when writing assignments for their courses.
Expanding Literate Landscapes: Persons, Practices, and Sociohistoric Perspectives of Disciplinary Development by Kevin Roozen and Joe Erickson
Authors: Silva Mary Lourdes
Published: September 2018

Expanding Literate Landscapes: Persons, Practices, and Sociohistoric Perspectives of Disciplinary Development by Kevin Roozen and Joe Erickson (2017) Computers and Composition Digital P/Utah State UP, 2017. Web.
Determinanty i skutki wahań koniunkturalnych na współczesnym rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych
Authors: Główka Gabriel
Published: September 2018

The market mechanism on the residential real estate market shows that the cyclicality of its development will not be eliminated due to its structural features. The residential real estate market is characterized by continuous tensions between rigid short-term supply and variable demand. Emerging imbalances may just disappear but they also may lead to crises.The results of research presented in the paper show that market fluctuations observed on the residential property market can be strongly exacerbated by the financial system, speculation and interventionism. When that happens, the risk of accumulation of this unfavorable phenomenon arises. Price bubbles may form as a result, causing the market to collapse and crisis to destabilise the entire economy. However, the analysis of these threats shows that the appropriate policy on housing demand can reduce the risk of a crisis. This constitutes an important challenge for public institutions and is especially important since the effects of the most recent global crisis have not been completely resolved. Moreover, the residential housing markets have recently observed disturbing price rises, suggesting that price bubbles could occur in the near future.
Inwestorzy instytucjonalni a finansyzacja przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych: analiza wartości dla akcjonariuszy spółek sektora budowlanego
Authors: Oleksy Paweł , Zyguła Andrzej
Published: September 2018

The study examines how the presence of financial institutions in the ownership structure of non-financial corporations affects shareholder value. Based on the segmentation of shareholders (institutional and non-institutional investors), their impact on changes in the TSR and the MVA index was examined using logit models and panel data analysis. The analysis covers the years 2004–2014 and all the national construction companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange at the end of 2014.The results confirm, particularly with respect to the MVA, that the presence of institutional investors in the shareholder structure increases the likelihood that the company will maximise shareholder value. It also revealed that institutional investors had a positive impact on this value criterion. This fact may be a symptom of financialisation in the construction sector.