bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards integrated mental health services in low-income and middle-income countries: organisation of primary healthcare providers – a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ward Kim , Marimwe Chipiwa , Parker Mariam B , Dube Lorraine Tanyaradzwa
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Mental health conditions constitute a significant percentage of the global burden of disease. A shortfall of mental health specialists and a lack of integration of services in primary care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute towards a mental health treatment gap in excess of 70%. Organising and equipping non-specialist healthcare workers is, therefore, an important strategy for improving access to mental health services in LMICs. This scoping review aims to map literature that addresses the organisation of and support provided to health teams in primary care settings within the context of integrated mental healthcare and as it relates to detection, treatment and referral of mental health conditions. The review will be guided by the ‘Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions’ framework.

Methods and analysis

This review protocol will employ the methodological framework first developed by Arksey and O’Malley and later advanced by others and will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. This process will entail identifying the research questions, locating relevant literature, choosing eligible reports and studies, extracting the data and summarising the results in English-language studies and reports from 2008 to 2023 will be sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete and the WHO website. A two-stage screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text literature will be done in duplicate with blinded authors. Data extraction will be based on predefined fields.

Ethics and dissemination

All literature accessed for this scoping review is in the public domain and thus, no approval from an ethics review board is required. The findings of the scoping review report will inform future mental health research in LMIC and will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Association between sarcopenia grade and fall history among older adults in West China: A retrospective study
Authors: Wen Quan , Chen Xiaoyan , Luo Shuyue , Hou Lisha , Yue Jirong , Liu Xiaolei , Xia Xin , Liu Fang , Dong Birong , Ge Ning
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The association between sarcopenia severity and fall history remains under-researched at present. Accordingly, this study was developed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenic status and prior fall events in a multiethnic group of older community-dwelling adults in Western China.

Design

A retrospective survey study, the data comes from the West China Health and Aging Trend study.

Setting

The study was based in Western China.

Participants

In total, this retrospective analysis incorporated data from 2719 older adults (59.2% women).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Grip strength, gait speed and skeletal muscle mass index values were analysed for all participants, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2014 and 2019 consensus criteria were leveraged to assess sarcopenia status in these individuals. Prior fall history was defined by any incidents in which an individual unintentionally came to rest on the floor within the past year. The association between sarcopenia status and fall history was examined through a binary logistic regression approach, with p<0.05 as the threshold for significance.

Results

Using the AWGS2014 and AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria, of the individuals included in this study cohort 1851 (68.1%) were free of sarcopenia, 160 (5.9%) and 56 (2.1%) showed only muscle-mass loss, 322 (11.8%) and 267 (9.8%) exhibited non-severe sarcopenia and the remaining 386 (14.2%) and 545 (20.0%) exhibited severe sarcopenia, respectively. Previous fall events were reported for 14.8% of study cohort members. After full adjustment for potential confounders, a significant link between severe sarcopenia diagnosed by the AWGS2014 diagnostic criteria and fall history was observed (OR 1.397, 95% CI 1.029 to 1.896, p=0.032), while the AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria did not (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.982 to 1.694, p=0.068).

Conclusions

Severe sarcopenia, as defined per the AWGS2014 criteria, was associated with a significantly higher risk of falls in this multiethnic cohort of older adults from Western China, while the AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria did not. However, this relationship was not observed for individuals who experienced muscle mass loss or had non-severe sarcopenia, according to both the AWGS2014 and AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria.
Outcomes of single-procedure radiofrequency catheter ablation for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Guo Chuxian , Liu Qifang , Tian Ye , Tian Longhai , Yang Ying , Wang Junxian , Chen Chunyan , Zheng Yaxi , Li Yu , Ou Qiaoqiao , Yang Long
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is the first-line treatment for idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardias (VTs). However, the outcomes were less compared among the categories. The study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation for idiopathic PVC/VTs in a single high-volume centre, using the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) as a reference.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Patient data were collected from a tertiary hospital in Guizhou, China.

Participants

Between September 2013 and September 2022, 1028 patients (male: 41.3%; age: 46.5±15.6 years) who underwent the first catheter ablation for idiopathic monomorphic PVC/VTs were enrolled.

Outcome measures

Acute success, procedure-related complications, and long-term recurrence were assessed. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) were not administrated after procedures unless recurrence was identified.

Results

The overall acute success rate was 90.3%, with 368 patients (35.8%) experiencing left ventricular PVC/VTs. No cases of third-degree atrioventricular block or death were reported. Complications were more common in patients with left ventricular PVC/VTs than those with right-sided ones (4.6% vs 0.1%, p<0.001). A total of 926 patients (90.1%) were followed up for an average of 9.7±3.7 months, and only the PVC/VTs category was found to be associated with long-term success rates. The RVOT, endocardial left ventricular outflow tract (endoLVOT), tricuspid annulus (TA) free wall, posterior septum and fascicular VT had long-term success rates exceeding 85%. Other types of PVC/VTs showed significantly higher risks of recurrence.

Conclusions

Besides RVOT and fascicular VT, single-procedure catheter ablation without AADs is highly effective for endoLVOT, TA-free wall and posterior septum. Patients with left ventricular PVC/VTs have higher complication risks compared with right ones.
Development of an overarching framework for anticipating and assessing adverse and other unintended consequences of public health interventions (CONSEQUENT): a best-fit framework synthesis
Authors: Stratil Jan M , Biallas Renke L , Movsisyan Ani , Oliver Kathryn , Rehfuess Eva A
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Despite the best intentions and intended beneficial outcomes, public health (PH) interventions can have adverse effects and other unintended consequences (AUCs). AUCs are rarely systematically examined when developing, evaluating or implementing PH interventions. We, therefore, used a multipronged, evidence-based approach to develop a framework to support researchers and decision-makers in anticipating and assessing AUCs of PH interventions.

Methods

We employed the ‘best-fit’ synthesis approach, starting with an a priori framework and iteratively revising this based on systematically identified evidence. The a priori framework was designed using key elements of the WHO-INTEGRATE framework and the Behaviour Change Wheel, to root it in global health norms and values, established mechanisms of PH interventions and a complexity perspective. The a priori framework was advanced based on theoretical and conceptual publications and systematic reviews on the topic of AUCs in PH. Thematic analysis was used to revise the framework and identify new themes. To test the framework, it was coded against four systematic reviews of AUCs of PH interventions.

Results

The Cosequences of Public Health Interventions (CONSEQUENT) framework includes two components: the first focuses on AUCs and serves to categorise them; the second (supplementary) component highlights the mechanisms through which AUCs may arise. The first component comprises eight domains of consequences: health, health system, human rights, acceptability and adherence, equality, and equity, social and institutional, economic and resources, and the environment.

Conclusion

The CONSEQUENT framework is intended to facilitate classification and conceptualisation of AUCs of PH interventions during their development or evaluation to support evidence-informed decision-making.
Hunting can increase physical activity of Indigenous peoples in Canada: pixem re yecwme'nstut
Authors: Paul Sidney , Haynes Elijah , Rush Kathy , Hiwi Braden Te , Jakobi Jennifer , Robbins Fred
Published: February 2024

This study examined whether Indigenous peoples could achieve the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (CPAG) for adults while engaging in the cultural practice of hunting. It was hypothesized that Indigenous hunters would achieve or surpass the physical activity (PA) thresholds set forth by the CPAG on days spent hunting. Step count and heart rate were recorded from six male participants during mule deer hunts and days spent on-reserve. Step count was not statistically different between days spent hunting (28 803 ± 10 657 steps) and on-reserve (15 086 ± 7536 steps) ( p = 0.10). Time spent in light (257 ± 45 min; p = 0.04), moderate (118 ± 71 min; p = 0.03), and vigorous (45 ± 42 min; p = 0.04) activities while hunting was greater than on-reserve (light, 180 ± 86; moderate, 71 ± 73; vigorous, 7 ± 10 min). The duration of moderate-to-vigorous PA (119 ± 95 min) for an average day hunting nearly meets the weekly CPAG recommendation of 150 min per week and is 1.8× greater than on-reserve (67 ± 80 min). Data suggest that hunting is probably a viable mode of PA for Indigenous adults to achieve health benefits. A strength of this study is the 10 h of daily recording which includes vehicular transportation to remote hunting areas. The duration of very light/sedentary PA did not differ between hunting (233 ± 211 min) and on-reserve (327 ± 164 min; p = 0.10), and highlights the importance of modernized vehicles in traditional Indigenous activities. A larger sample size would facilitate greater exploration of transportation, as well as success of the hunt on PA. These data suggest that health researchers and clinicians should consider traditional activities such as hunting as a means for Indigenous adults to increase participation in sufficiently vigorous PA to incur health benefits.
Vacuum pendulum test for a modified Kaluza–Klein theory
Authors: Monette Maxime , Jentzsch Christian , Kößling Matthias , Tajmar Martin
Published: February 2024

Experiments were performed in vacuum to examine a modified Kaluza–Klein theory. Originally proposed by Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey, the 5D Kaluza–Klein-[Formula: see text] theory includes an external scalar field [Formula: see text] to couple gravitational and electromagnetic fields and can be used to explain some misunderstood phenomena in physics. The theory predicts that a pendulum will experience detectable forces exceeding predictions from classical electromagnetism when interacting with a scalar field. In this experiment, a dielectric mirror is hung as a pendulum inside a vacuum chamber and its oscillations are examined with two laser interferometers. In proximity to the pendulum, different solenoids and toroids will induce magnetic fields that can also be shielded to a great extent using a Gauss chamber. The experiments were conducted in a vacuum chamber to allow the measurement of torsion angles as low as 0.1[Formula: see text]arcsec above the noise, as well as 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m translations of the pendulum. The phenomenon observed differs from what was observed by Mbelek at ambient pressure in both magnitude and behavior. Dummy test results hint at the presence of convection effects to explain the pendulum’s rotation, which was eliminated under higher vacuum and by placing a wall between the solenoid and pendulum. In the presence of stronger magnetic fields, the pendulum’s translation was observed to agree with effects predicted by a consideration of diamagnetic effects.
Advanced Authentication and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks
Authors: Padma Vijetha Dev Bakkaiahgari , Prasad K. Venkata
Published: February 2024

Recently, wireless body area network (WBAN) becomes a hot research topic in the advanced healthcare system. The WBAN plays a vital role in monitoring the physiological parameters of the human body with sensors. The sensors are small in size, and it has a small-sized battery with limited life. Hence, the energy is limited in the multi-hop routing process. The patient data is collected by the sensor, and the data are transmitted with high energy consumption. It causes failure in the data transmission path. To avoid this, the data transmission process should be optimized. This paper presents an advanced authentication and energy-efficient routing protocol (AAERP) for optimal routing paths in WBAN. Patients’ data are aggregated from the WBAN through the IoMT devices in the initial stage. To secure the patient’s private data, a hybrid mechanism of the elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) and Paillier cryptosystem is proposed for the data encryption process. Data security is improved by authenticating the data before transmission using an encryption algorithm. Before the routing process, the data encryption approach converts the original plain text data into ciphertext data. This encryption approach assists in avoiding intrusions in the network system. The encrypted data are optimally routed with the help of the teamwork optimization algorithm (TOA) approach. The optimal path selection using this optimization technique improves the effectiveness and robustness of the system. The experimental setup is performed by using Python software. The efficacy of the proposed model is evaluated by solving parameters like network lifetime, network throughput, residual energy, success rate, number of packets received, number of packets sent, and number of packets dropped. The performance of the proposed model is measured by comparing the obtained results with several existing models.
Bio-Inspired Algorithm Based Undersampling Approach and Ensemble Learning for Twitter Spam Detection
Authors: Kiruthika Devi K. , Sathish Kumar G. A.
Published: February 2024

Currently, social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter have evolved into valuable platforms for global communication. However, due to their extensive user bases, Twitter is often misused by illegitimate users engaging in illicit activities. While there are numerous research papers available that delve into combating illegitimate users on Twitter, a common shortcoming in most of these works is the failure to address the issue of class imbalance, which significantly impacts the effectiveness of spam detection. Few other research works that have addressed class imbalance have not yet applied bio-inspired algorithms to balance the dataset. Therefore, we introduce PSOB-U, a particle swarm optimization-based undersampling technique designed to balance the Twitter dataset. In PSOB-U, various classifiers and metrics are employed to select majority samples and rank them. Furthermore, an ensemble learning approach is implemented to combine the base classifiers in three stages. During the training phase of the base classifiers, undersampling techniques and a cost-sensitive random forest (CS-RF) are utilized to address the imbalanced data at both the data and algorithmic levels. In the first stage, imbalanced datasets are balanced using random undersampling, particle swarm optimization-based undersampling, and random oversampling. In the second stage, a classifier is constructed for each of the balanced datasets obtained through these sampling techniques. In the third stage, a majority voting method is introduced to aggregate the predicted outputs from the three classifiers. The evaluation results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly enhances the detection of illegitimate users in the imbalanced Twitter dataset. Additionally, we compare our proposed work with existing models, and the predicted results highlight the superiority of our spam detection model over state-of-the-art spam detection models that address the class imbalance problem. The combination of particle swarm optimization-based undersampling and the ensemble learning approach using majority voting results in more accurate spam detection.
Rings of finite Morley rank without the canonical base property
Authors: Loesch Michael , Palacín Daniel
Published: February 2024

We present numerous natural algebraic examples without the so-called Canonical Base Property (CBP). We prove that every commutative unitary ring of finite Morley rank without finite-index proper ideals satisfies the CBP if and only if it is a field, a ring of positive characteristic or a finite direct product of these. In addition, we construct a CM-trivial commutative local ring with a finite residue field without the CBP. Furthermore, we also show that finite-dimensional non-associative algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic [Formula: see text] give rise to triangular rings without the CBP. This also applies to Baudisch’s [Formula: see text]-step nilpotent Lie algebras, which yields the existence of a [Formula: see text]-step nilpotent group of finite Morley rank whose theory, in the pure language of groups, is CM-trivial and does not satisfy the CBP.
A Novel Fast and Body-Fitted Particle Generation Technique for Large-Scale SPH Simulations
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Liu Jiahao , Lu Yao , Liu Moubin
Published: February 2024

Particle generation is important for particle-based methods. The reasonable initial particle distribution has a profound impact on the computational accuracy and the stability of particle-based methods. We propose a particle generation method that generates the body-fitted and uniform particles fast. This method first generates initial body-fitted and locally uniformly distributed particles on the geometric facets, following the spatial partitioning, particle hashing, particle sorting, and particle merging. The surface particles become body-fitted and uniform. In addition, we combine several other generation methods of boundary-level particles and inner particles to provide a unified framework for the pre-processing process of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Some particle generation examples of complex geometric models demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The proposed method can generate large-scale particles of complex geometric models, improve the handling capacity of pre-processing techniques, and keep up with the scale of solvers.
Understanding the Machine Economy: Combining Findings from Science and Practice
Authors: Duda Sebastian , Stoetzer Jens-Christian , Guggenberger Tobias , Urbach Nils
Published: February 2024

The machine economy (ME) is an emergent phenomenon that combines multiple emerging digital technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), or blockchain, enabling economically autonomous acting machines. We investigate this phenomenon by combining a literature review and a qualitative interview study across different industries to derive propositions about the ME. Finally, we develop a five-layer model of the ME from our propositions that helps academia and practice explore this emerging phenomenon further. Our results indicate that the ME builds on several emerging digital technologies and becomes increasingly relevant for practice and academia.
Variations on a theorem of Capelli
Authors: Banerjee Pradipto
Published: February 2024

Elementary irreducibility criteria are established for [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is irreducible over [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a prime. For instance, our main criterion implies that if [Formula: see text] is reducible over [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text]. Among several applications, it is shown that if [Formula: see text] has coefficients in [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is irreducible over [Formula: see text] excluding a couple of obvious exceptions. As another application, it is proved that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are distinct integers, then for [Formula: see text], the polynomial [Formula: see text] is irreducible over [Formula: see text] unless [Formula: see text] is odd and [Formula: see text]. Some emphasis is given to the non-cyclotomic monic polynomials [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. In these cases, among other things, it is shown that if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the height of [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is irreducible over [Formula: see text]. Proofs of the irreducibility criteria rest upon a general result of Capelli concerning the factorization of [Formula: see text].
Explicit evaluation of triple convolution sums of the divisor functions
Authors: Ramakrishnan B. , Sahu Brundaban , Singh Anup Kumar
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we use the theory of modular forms and give a general method to obtain the convolution sums [Formula: see text] for odd integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the sum of the [Formula: see text]th powers of the positive divisors of [Formula: see text]. We consider four cases, namely (i) [Formula: see text], (ii) [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] (iii) [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] and (iv) [Formula: see text], and give explicit expressions for the respective convolution sums. We provide several examples of these convolution sums in each case and further use these formulas to obtain explicit formulas for the number of representations of a positive integer [Formula: see text] by certain positive definite quadratic forms. The existing formulas for [Formula: see text] (in [20]), [Formula: see text] (in [7]), [Formula: see text] (in [35]), [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (in [30]) and [Formula: see text] (in [31]), which were all obtained by using the theory of quasimodular forms, follow from our method.
The Barnes–Hurwitz zeta cocycle at s = 0 and Ehrhart quasi-polynomials of triangles
Authors: Espinoza Milton
Published: February 2024

Following a theorem of Hayes, we give a geometric interpretation of the special value at [Formula: see text] of certain [Formula: see text]-cocycle on [Formula: see text] previously introduced by the author. This work yields three main results: an explicit formula for our cocycle at [Formula: see text], a generalization and a new proof of Hayes’ theorem, and an elegant summation formula for the zeroth coefficient of the Ehrhart quasi-polynomial of certain triangles in [Formula: see text].
Some separable integer partition classes
Authors: Chen Y. H. , He Thomas Y. , Tang F. , Wei J. J.
Published: February 2024

Recently, Andrews introduced separable integer partition classes and analyzed some well-known theorems. In this paper, we investigate partitions with parts separated by parity introduced by Andrews with the aid of separable integer partition classes with modulus [Formula: see text]. We also extend separable integer partition classes with modulus [Formula: see text] to overpartitions, called separable overpartition classes. We study overpartitions and the overpartition analogue of Rogers–Ramanujan identities, which are separable overpartition classes.
Linear algebra and congruences for MacMahon’s k-rowed plane partitions
Authors: Chen Shi-Chao
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we provide an algorithm to detect linear congruences of [Formula: see text], the number of MacMahon’s [Formula: see text]-rowed plane partitions, and give a quantitative result on the nonexistence of Ramanujan-type congruences of the [Formula: see text]-rowed plane partition functions. We also show [Formula: see text] that the number of partitions at most [Formula: see text] parts always admits linear congruences.
A new upper bound on Ruzsa’s numbers on the Erdős–Turán conjecture
Authors: Ding Yuchen , Zhao Lilu
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we show that the Ruzsa number [Formula: see text] is bounded by [Formula: see text] for any positive integer [Formula: see text], which improves the prior bound [Formula: see text] given by Chen in 2008.
On almost-prime k-tuples
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: February 2024

Let [Formula: see text] denote the divisor function and [Formula: see text] be an admissible set. We prove that there are infinitely many [Formula: see text] for which the product [Formula: see text] is square-free and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is asymptotic to [Formula: see text]. It improves a previous result of Ram Murty and Vatwani, replacing [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. The main ingredients in our proof are the higher rank Selberg sieve and Irving–Wu–Xi estimate for the divisor function in arithmetic progressions to smooth moduli.
Variance of primes in short residue classes for function fields
Authors: Baier Stephan , Bhandari Arkaprava
Published: February 2024

Keating and Rudnick [The variance of the number of prime polynomials in short intervals and in residue classes, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2014(1) (2014) 259–288] derived asymptotic formulas for the variances of primes in arithmetic progressions and short intervals in the function field setting. Here we consider the hybrid problem of calculating the variance of primes in intersections of arithmetic progressions and short intervals. Keating and Rudnick used an involution to translate short intervals into arithmetic progressions. We follow their approach but apply this involution, in addition, to the arithmetic progressions. This creates dual arithmetic progressions in the case when the modulus [Formula: see text] is a polynomial in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. The latter is a restriction which we keep throughout our paper. At the end, we discuss what is needed to relax this condition.
Applications of zero-free regions on averages and shifted convolution sums of Hecke eigenvalues
Authors: kim Jiseong
Published: February 2024

By assuming Vinogradov–Korobov-type zero-free regions and the generalized Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture, we establish nontrivial upper bounds for almost all short sums of Fourier coefficients of Hecke–Maass cusp forms for [Formula: see text]. As applications, we obtain nontrivial upper bounds for the averages of shifted sums involving coefficients of the Hecke–Maass cusp forms for [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we present a conditional result regarding sign changes of these coefficients.
Congruence classes for modular forms over small sets
Authors: Bhakta Subham , Krishnamoorthy Srilakshmi , Muneeswaran R.
Published: February 2024

Serre showed that for any integer [Formula: see text] for almost all [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text] Fourier coefficient of any modular form with rational coefficients. In this paper, we consider a certain class of cuspforms and study [Formula: see text] over the set of integers with [Formula: see text] many prime factors. Moreover, we show that any residue class [Formula: see text] can be written as the sum of at most 13 Fourier coefficients, which are polynomially bounded as a function of [Formula: see text]
Irreducibility and Galois groups of truncated binomial polynomials
Authors: Laishram Shanta , Yadav Prabhakar
Published: February 2024

For positive integers [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the truncated binomial expansion of [Formula: see text] consisting of all terms of degree [Formula: see text] It is conjectured that for [Formula: see text], the polynomial [Formula: see text] is irreducible. We confirm this conjecture when [Formula: see text] Also we show for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the polynomial [Formula: see text] is irreducible when [Formula: see text] Under the explicit abc-conjecture, for a fixed [Formula: see text], we give an explicit [Formula: see text] depending only on [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], the polynomial [Formula: see text] is irreducible. Further [Formula: see text], the Galois group associated to [Formula: see text] is the symmetric group [Formula: see text]
Double and triple character sums and gaps between the elements of subgroups of finite fields
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Xu Zhefeng
Published: February 2024

For an odd prime p, let [Formula: see text] be the finite field of p elements. The main purpose of this paper is to establish new results on gaps between the elements of multiplicative subgroups of finite fields. For any [Formula: see text], we also obtain new upper bounds of the following double character sum [Formula: see text] and a triple character sum [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and multiplicative subgroups [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
Modeling and analysis of a periodic delays spatial diffusion HIV model with three-stage infection process
Authors: Wu Peng , He Zerong
Published: February 2024

Considering the antiviral drugs can act on the fusion, reverse transcription, and budding stages of HIV infected cells, in this paper, we formulate a two-periodic delay heterogeneous space diffusion HIV model with three-stage infection process to study the effects of periodic antiviral treatment and spatial heterogeneity on HIV infection process. We first study the well-posedness of the full system and then derive the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text], which is defined as the spectral radius of the next generation operator. We further prove that [Formula: see text] is a threshold for the elimination and persistence of HIV infection by comparison principle and persistence theory for non-autonomous system. In the spatial homogeneous case, the explicit expression of [Formula: see text] is derived and the global attractivity of the positive steady state is proved by using the fluctuation method. Some numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the theoretical results and our works suggest that both spatial heterogeneity and periodic delays caused by periodic antiviral therapy have a remarkable impact on the progression of HIV infection and should not be overlooked in clinical treatment process.
On matrix semiring over the extended tropical semiring
Authors: Roy Bikramjit , Chakraborty Kamalika , Mandal Manasi , Sardar Sujit Kumar
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we first discuss about the basic semiring properties; subsemirings, ideals, [Formula: see text]-ideals, [Formula: see text]-ideals, units, structure preserving properties of both extended tropical semiring [Formula: see text] and semiring of tropical matrices [Formula: see text]. Using the known fact that the subsemimodules of [Formula: see text]-semimodule [Formula: see text] and the ideals of [Formula: see text] are in a canonical correspondence, we study different types of subsemimodules of [Formula: see text]-semimodule [Formula: see text], left (right) ideals, left (right) [Formula: see text]-ideals, left (right) [Formula: see text]-ideals of [Formula: see text]. We prove that both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are local semirings, Noetherian (Artinian), [Formula: see text]-Noetherian ([Formula: see text]-Artinian), [Formula: see text]-Noetherian ([Formula: see text]-Artinian). Finally, we deduce that [Formula: see text] is neither left nor right Noetherian (Artinian) but left as well as right [Formula: see text]-Noetherian ([Formula: see text]-Artinian).
On left groups and their endomorphisms
Authors: Shah Aftab Hussain , Attari Shariq Ali , Khan Noor Mohammad
Published: February 2024

We prove some basic results on left groups and their homomorphisms and characterize congruences and homomorphisms on these semigroups. Finally we investigate some properties of the endomorphism monoid of a left group.
The nonlinear instability of transverse vibration behavior of functionally graded materials sandwich rectangular plates of under a harmonic loading and subsonic flow
Authors: Zakaria Kadry , Sirwah Magdy A. , Elmorabie Khaled M.
Published: February 2024

This work is devoted to studying the combined action of periodic in-plane load and tangential subsonic flow on the nonlinear mechanism of the out-plane deformation of the functionally graded composite plate. Three distribution functions are proposed to investigate the distribution of the transverse shear strains and stresses across the thickness of the plates. By using Hamilton’s variational principle, the equations governing the plate instability boundaries are formulated. A nonlinear differential equation describing the first mode of the plate dynamic instability behavior by employing Galerkin’s method. The method of multiple time scales is used to obtain a periodic one-mode solution, which directly leads to the solvability condition. The different resonance cases for the interaction between the frequency of out- plane deformation and the external forces are discussed to discover the extent of the sandwich functionally graded material (FGM) rectangular plate resistance in the presence of external influences. Various bifurcation diagrams for different cases of resonance are obtained versus the basic parameters. In view of this study, we could get a deeper look at the complexity of frequency components in resonance responses of the sandwich FGM rectangular plate. The results could provide some suggestions for the sandwich plate’s vibration reduction design or fault diagnosis field or design fault diagnosis.
PROJECTED CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF CROP WILD RELATIVES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT
Authors: ZAIR WATHEK , MAXTED NIGEL , BREHM JOANA MAGOS , AMRI AHMED , TOLEDO AREMI R. CONTRERAS
Published: February 2024

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate alterations in the geographical distributions of priority crop wild relatives (CWRs) within the Fertile Crescent Region. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive set of 441 priority CWRs. To compile species distribution information, a meticulously constructed database of occurrence records was utilized. The process involved gathering current and projected climate data from WorldClim to facilitate the evaluation. This study employed MaxEnt version 3.4.1 for species distribution modeling (SDM) considering two distinct dispersal scenarios. One scenario proposed that the CWR taxa were incapable of adapting to their preferred weather conditions, while the other scenario suggested that CWR could track suitable climates to ensure their survival. The generated maps underwent processing in DIVA-GIS version 7.5. Notably, Aegilops bicornis, a wild relative of bread wheat, and Triticum monococcum, a wild relative of wheat, are anticipated to face substantial impacts due to climate change. Specifically, the dispersal of T. monococcum is predicted to shift toward the north, where new suitable areas are expected to emerge in Northern Iraq. Conversely, Cicer bijugum, a wild relative of chickpea, Vicia grandiflora, a wild relative of common vetch, and Beta corolliflora, a wild relative of sugar beet, are projected to experience a comparatively slight impact from climate change, as their potential distribution areas are estimated to diminish. Overall, this study foresees a decline in CWRs across the Fertile Crescent, particularly noting reduced habitats for the CWRs in Turkey.
Deciphering the Spatial Stickiness, Co-occurrence, and Co-change of Industries at the Scale of City
Authors: Chew Lock Yue , Chung Ning Ning , Huynh Hoai Nguyen , Sia Wen Xuan , Chua Alvin
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes the location of industries in two metropolitan cities to investigate how firms are spatially distributed, and identify the prevailing trends in firm location choice. By defining a “Region Index” metric, we show how industries have concentrated in or diffused from the regions-of-interest over time. We apply this metric to the Central Area (CA) of Singapore and the London Region to decipher the relative tendency of industries to locate at CA as well as London. To analyze the spatial co-location of industries, we constructed a community network, which reveals subtle spatial relationships between firms. Extending this approach temporally to create a co-change network, we deduce the occurrences of industries in Singapore and London that move into or out of a spatial region synchronously. Based on this approach, we elucidate firm types that not only co-change but also co-occur in space and remain within a region-of-interest. Overall, we observe certain common and contrasting patterns of industry movements in the context of Singapore and London through the analysis. “Other Activities Auxiliary to Financial Services” is found to have the consistent tendency of diffusing out of CA and London throughout the period of study. Conversely, opposite movement patterns are observed where we see the proclivity of IT and digital service firms to locate in London but relocate out of CA, while the Media, Financial Services, and Life Insurance subsectors tend to diffuse out of London but concentrate in the CA of Singapore.
Impacts of solid rock components on resistivity-based reserves evaluation in organic-rich mudrocks
Authors: Dash Sabyasachi , Heidari Zoya
Published: February 2024

The effective electrical conductivity of organic-rich mudrocks can be influenced by the presence of clay, pyrite, and thermally mature organic matter. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conductivity, volumetric concentrations, and spatial distribution/connectivity of clay, pyrite, and kerogen networks on the effective conductivity of the rock and how this affects the assessment of water/hydrocarbon saturation. This quantification enables an understanding of when such components need to be considered in interpreting resistivity measurements in organic-rich mudrocks. We perform sensitivity analysis on the impacts of (a) thermal-maturity-dependent kerogen conductivity, (b) volumetric concentration/spatial distribution of kerogen, (c) conductivity and volumetric concentration/spatial distribution of pyrite, and (d) cation exchange capacities of various clay minerals and their concentration/spatial distribution on the effective conductivity of the rock. The sensitivity analysis showed that with increasing pyrite concentration, the effective conductivity of the rock increased. This increment became significant when the concentration of pyrite was above 2%. Lastly, we observed that thermally mature kerogen increased the conductivity of the rock, with a significant increment occurring when the kerogen conductivity was above 0.01 S m
−1
. Results confirmed that the incorporation of conductive rock components such as clay, pyrite, and kerogen into the electrical rock physics model improved the estimates of hydrocarbon reserves.
The 18th Glossop Lecture: variability and ground hazards: how does the ground get to be ‘unexpected’?
Authors: Skipper J. A.
Published: February 2024

Understanding why the ground is variable is vital to the successful and safe undertaking of civil engineering projects. Yet investment in quality ground investigation and ground modelling is still often woefully underfunded given the hazards that can result. This paper seeks to explain how basic preconceptions can lead to a lack of geological understanding, and how by looking at why the ground is variable can help us anticipate ground risks, and explain them better to others.
Talking to Multi-Party Conversational Agents in Advisory Services: Command-based vs. Conversational Interactions
Authors: Bucher Andreas , Dolata Mateusz , Eckhardt Sven , Staehelin Dario , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: February 2024

Interacting with a conversational agent (CA) is becoming a major paradigm for human-technology interaction. Yet, ways for interacting with CAs are still forming, especially in situations involving more than one human. Starting an interaction with a CA might involve a wakeword and command. Alternatively, it could become active based on implicit requests and context information. Hence, CA designers face a serious dilemma: explicit commands disturb a natural conversation flow, while implicit requests might cause inadequate CA behavior. This study explores this dilemma and discusses observations from a project featuring a CA for financial advisory services. Advisors initially envisioned a CA that ''blends with the background'' and acts on context information. However, when engaging with a CA, they used conversational interactions in one part of the encounter and command-based interactions in another. We discuss this observation and contrast it against previous literature. This insight has implications for design and research.
Democratizing LEO Satellite Network Measurement
Authors: Izhikevich Liz , Tran Manda , Izhikevich Katherine , Akiwate Gautam , Durumeric Zakir
Published: February 2024

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are quickly gaining traction with promises of impressively low latency, high bandwidth, and global reach. However, the research community knows relatively little about their operation and performance in practice. The obscurity is largely due to the high barrier of entry for measuring LEO networks, which requires deploying specialized hardware or recruiting large numbers of satellite Internet customers. In this paper, we introduce HitchHiking, a methodology that democratizes global visibility into LEO satellite networks. HitchHiking builds on the observation that Internet-exposed services that use LEO Internet can reveal satellite network architecture and performance, bypassing the need for specialized hardware. We evaluate HitchHiking against ground truth measurements and prior methods, showing that it provides more coverage and accuracy. With HitchHiking, we complete the largest study to date of Starlink network latency, measuring over 2,400 users across 27 countries. We uncover unexpected patterns in latency that surface how LEO routing is more complex than previously understood. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future research on LEO networks.
Perspective of Digital Humanities On Person Names in Chinese Pre-Qin Classic
Authors: Liu Liu , Liu Chufei , Li Wenqi , Wang Dongbo , Huang Shuiqing
Published: February 2024

Knowledge annotation and mining from ancient Chinese classics have become a new trend in digital humanities research in China, and historical persons get the most attention. However, few studies have focused exclusively on person names, which is rather important for understanding Chinese traditional culture. This study focused on person names in Chinese Pre-Qin classics. We conducted a humanities computing study on pre-Qin person name knowledge through an in-depth categorization and manual annotation of person name components. The results included the disambiguation of person names, a statistical distribution of famous persons, patterns in name components, and statistical analysis of name components. Furthermore, machine learning methods on the named entity recognition of person name knowledge were also examined, indicating the feasibility of future related research.
Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Learning Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Li Zongyi , Zheng Hongkai , Kovachki Nikola , Jin David , Chen Haoxuan , Liu Burigede , Azizzadenesheli Kamyar , Anandkumar Anima
Published: February 2024

In this article, we propose physics-informed neural operators (PINO) that combine training data and physics constraints to learn the solution operator of a given family of parametric Partial Differential Equations (PDE). PINO is the first hybrid approach incorporating data and PDE constraints at different resolutions to learn the operator. Specifically, in PINO, we combine coarse-resolution training data with PDE constraints imposed at a higher resolution. The resulting PINO model can accurately approximate the ground-truth solution operator for many popular PDE families and shows no degradation in accuracy even under zero-shot super-resolution, that is, being able to predict beyond the resolution of training data. PINO uses the Fourier neural operator (FNO) framework that is guaranteed to be a universal approximator for any continuous operator and discretization convergent in the limit of mesh refinement. By adding PDE constraints to FNO at a higher resolution, we obtain a high-fidelity reconstruction of the ground-truth operator. Moreover, PINO succeeds in settings where no training data is available and only PDE constraints are imposed, while previous approaches, such as the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN), fail due to optimization challenges, for example, in multi-scale dynamic systems such as Kolmogorov flows.
Excellent Diffusive Performance of Cold-Plasma-Exposed Activated Peanut Shell Carbon as an Electrode in Al-Air Batteries
Authors: Vijayalakshmi K. A. , Karthikeyan N.
Published: February 2024

Modern energy and ecological sustainability can be accomplished in part, by using activated bio char-based electrodes made from biomass waste in energy-producing devices like metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, a simple method of combining Pyrolysis graphitization with DC glow discharge plasma is used to create highly disorder carbonaceous materials incorporating surface functional groups from a readily available and inexpensive bio waste of peanut shells. The synthesized activated Peanut shell carbon material displays remarkable supercapacitance performance in 2 M KOH at elevated specific capacitances (537 Fg−1 at 10 mVs−1) and catalytic ability for the oxygen reduction response at a half-wave peak of 0.19 V. Water contact angle and dispersion studies showed a considerable improvement in the surface’s hydrophilic following plasma treatment, and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were also used to evaluate the surface’s functional group and micro structure. In this study, a simple, affordable, and environmentally friendly method for making activated dis ordered carbon is revealed. It is then investigated as a potential electrode for supercapacitor, metal air battery, fuel cell applications.
Relationship between serum β-hydroxybutyrate and hepatic fatty acid oxidation in individuals with obesity and NAFLD
Authors: Moore Mary P. , Shryack Grace , Alessi Isabella , Wieschhaus Nicole , Meers Grace M. , Johnson Sarah A. , Wheeler Andrew A. , Ibdah Jamal A. , Parks Elizabeth J. , Rector R. Scott
Published: February 2024

Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is frequently utilized as a surrogate marker for hepatic fatty acid oxidation; however, few studies have investigated this relationship during states of liver disease. We found that the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with reductions in circulating β-HB and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). As well, decreased rates of hepatic fatty acid oxidation correlated with liver HMGCS2 mRNA and serum β-HB. Our work supports serum β-HB as a potential marker for hepatic fatty acid oxidation and liver injury during NAFLD.