bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación formal y no formal en México
Authors: Reyes-Ánimas Margarita De Jesús
Published: March 2024

La educación formal y no formal son dos conceptos que describen diferentes tipos de aprendizaje y procesos educativos. Ambos tienen importancia en el desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos en las personas, pero difieren en su estructura, objetivos y contexto de aplicación. En México, ambas modalidades tienen sus características distintivas y cumplen roles importantes en el desarrollo educativo y social de la población. En el artículo se reflexiona en torno a la educación formal y no formal en México. La educación formal proporciona una base sólida de conocimientos y habilidades esenciales para la sociedad, mientras que la educación no formal brinda oportunidades adicionales de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y permite el desarrollo de habilidades específicas más allá del sistema educativo tradicional. Es importante destacar que Cada tipo de educación puede complementar y enriquecer el aprendizaje global de una persona, proporcionando oportunidades para el crecimiento personal y profesional.
Palabras clave:
Educación formal, educación no formal, modalidades, aprendizaje, procesos educativos.
 
ABSTRACT
Formal and non-formal education are two concepts that describe different types of learning and educational processes. Both are important in the development of skills and knowledge in people, but they differ in their structure, objectives and context of application. In Mexico, both modalities have their distinctive characteristics and play important roles in the educational and social development of the population. The article reflects on formal and non-formal education in Mexico. Formal education provides a solid foundation of knowledge and skills essential to society, while non-formal education provides additional lifelong learning opportunities and allows for the development of specific skills beyond the traditional education system. Importantly, each type of education can complement and enrich a person's global learning, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth.
Keywords:
Formal education, non-formal education, modalities, learning, educational processes.
Número completo (Septiembre-diciembre)
Authors: León-Gonz´ález Dr.C. Jorge Luis
Published: March 2024

Editorial
Dr. C. Maritza Librada Cáceres Mesa
 
Estrategias didácticas que hacen frente a las problemáticas presentadas en la resolución de ecuaciones cuadráticas
Vera Tamara Cerón-Estrada
 
Estrategia didáctica para el rescate de la identidad cultural en alumnos de fase 2 nivel preescolar
Lady Jocelyn Monroy-Sánchez
 
Estrategia de orientación educativa para la prevención de la depresión en adolescentes
Ana Iris Agüero-Nate, Otto Rafael Ruíz-Sánchez, Herlis María Fernández-Cruz
 
El desarrollo de capacidades y actitudes del pensamiento reflexivo en educación preescolar para favorecer el cuidado del medioambiente
Educación formal y no formal en México
María Gabriela Ortiz-Flores
 
Objetivos mundiales en la función docente dentro de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana
Mariela Danae Rivera-del-Valle
 
Factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de Física y Matemática en estudiantes de Agronomía
Abel Pedro Calante-González, Miriam Patricia Cárdenas-Zea, Angel Bolívar Yépez-Yánez, Calixto Guerra-González, Yolanda Soler-Pellicer
Fortalecimiento de hábitos de estudio para la formación científica en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Física y Tecnología Avanzada en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Authors: Sahagún-Villegas Abigail , Moreno-Tapia Javier , Zúñiga-Rodríguez Maricela
Published: March 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los hábitos de estudio que favorecen el aprendizaje en la formación científica de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Física y Tecnología Avanzada de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo para la obtención de propuestas de mejora. Se aplicó una adaptación del instrumento estandarizado “Inventario de Hábitos de Estudio” y un cuestionario diseñado partiendo de las necesidades del trabajo de investigación, titulado “Cuestionario de hábitos de estudio para la formación científica”. De los instrumentos aplicados con los estudiantes inscritos en el semestre enero-junio 2023, se han identificado tres necesidades principales de los hábitos de estudio que se requieren fortalecer: la planeación y administración del tiempo; el repaso en la resolución de problemas y la realización de notas y apuntes. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta con sugerencias para favorecerlos a través del empleo de herramientas tecnológicas que los estudiantes pueden implementar para beneficiar su aprendizaje.
Palabras clave:
Hábitos de estudio, formación científica, TIC.
 
ABSTRACT
The objective of the article is to analyze the study habits that favor learning in the scientific training of the students of the Bachelor's Degree in Physics and Advanced Technology at the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo to obtain proposals for improvement. An adaptation of the standardized instrument “Study Habits Inventory” and a questionnaire designed based on the needs of the research work, titled “Study habits questionnaire for scientific training,” were applied. Of the instruments applied with students enrolled in the January-June 2023 semester, three main needs for study habits that need to be strengthened have been identified: planning and time management; reviewing problem solving and making notes and notes. In this work, a proposal is presented with suggestions to favor them through the use of technological tools that students can implement to benefit their learning.
Keywords:
Study habits, scientific training, ICT.
Diagnóstico de comprensión lectora en alumnos de primer semestre de la Preparatoria San José del Valle, de la Universidad de Guadalajara
Authors: Pulido-Sánchez Christian
Published: March 2024

En esta investigación se busca en un primer momento el diagnóstico de comprensión lectora de los alumnos al ingresar al primer semestre de bachillerato, y en un segundo momento implementar estrategias didácticas a partir de su estilo de aprendizaje que coadyuven a elevar su nivel de comprensión lectora. La comprensión del texto no es inmediata, si no que se realiza un constructo a partir de las representaciones que el mismo vaya realizado. Por lo que se debe de comprender como los estudiantes procesan cognitivamente el lenguaje, para después apropiárselo. Entonces se puede decir que existen 2 momentos dentro de este proceso: La primera que es la lectura del texto y la segunda la comprensión de lo leído. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el texto por sí solo tiene una estructura lógica que lo ayuda a ser comprensible.
Palabras clave:
Comprensión lectora, educación, estrategias didácticas, estilos de aprendizaje.
 
ABSTRACT
This research seeks, first, to diagnose the students' reading comprehension when they enter the first semester of high school, and secondly, to implement teaching strategies based on their learning style that help raise their level of reading comprehension. The understanding of the text is not immediate, but a construct is made from the representations that it is made. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how students cognitively process language, and then appropriate it. So it can be said that there are 2 moments within this process: The first is the reading of the text and the second is the understanding of what has been read. Therefore, it can be stated that the text itself has a logical structure that helps it be understandable.
Keywords:
Reading comprehension, education, teaching strategies, learning styles.
Construction of a predictive model for bone metastasis from first primary lung adenocarcinoma within 3 cm based on machine learning algorithm: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xiao Lixia , LYu Lan , Zhang Liwei
Published: March 2024

Background

Adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of bone metastasis compared to other subtypes. The presence of bone metastasis has a profound adverse impact on patient prognosis. However, to date, there is a lack of accurate bone metastasis prediction models. As a result, this study aims to employ machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk of bone metastasis in patients.

Method

We collected a dataset comprising 19,454 cases of solitary, primary lung adenocarcinoma with pulmonary nodules measuring less than 3 cm. These cases were diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and were sourced from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Utilizing clinical feature indicators, we developed predictive models using seven machine learning algorithms, namely extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression (LR), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM).

Results

The results demonstrated that XGBoost exhibited superior performance among the four algorithms (training set: AUC: 0.913; test set: AUC: 0.853). Furthermore, for convenient application, we created an online scoring system accessible at the following URL: https://www.xsmartanalysis.com/model/predict/?mid=731symbol=7Fr16wX56AR9Mk233917, which is based on the highest performing model.

Conclusion

XGBoost proves to be an effective algorithm for predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis in patients with solitary, primary lung adenocarcinoma featuring pulmonary nodules below 3 cm in size. Moreover, its robust clinical applicability enhances its potential utility.
Relevancia ecológica de los ríos temporales para la fauna terrestre
Authors: Sánchez-Montoya María Mar
Published: March 2024

Los ríos son considerados ecosistemas críticos para la biodiversidad, principalmente desde una concepción clásica que los concibe principalmente con aguas permanentes en el espacio y el tiempo, proporcionando hábitats y funciones ecológicas esenciales casi exclusivamente para especies acuáticas y semi-acuáticas. Sin embargo, los ríos temporales representan la mayoría de los sistemas fluviales a escala global, y su alternancia entre fases fluyentes y secas les convierte en hábitats relevantes también para la fauna invertebrada y vertebrada terrestre. En el presente artículo, se describe la diversa y abundante comunidad faunística terrestre que alberga estos ecosistemas desde una perspectiva taxonómica y funcional. Además, se sintetizan las funciones ecológicas que estos ecosistemas proporcionan a la fauna terrestre, principalmente durante la fase seca, entre los que destacan su papel como corredores, además de proveedores de agua y alimento, refugios y zonas de descanso y apareamiento. Se describen la amplia variedad de servicios ecosistémicos que los ríos temporales proporcionan a través de la fauna terrestre, y se discuten las implicaciones sobre conservación y gestión al considerar a la fauna terrestre como un componente biológico clave en los ríos temporales. Para concluir, se identifican vacíos de conocimiento que pueden limitar la toma de decisiones a la hora de gestionar y conservar los ríos temporales y su biodiversidad.
TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ ÇOK KATMANLI OKURYAZARLIK DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: BAKİ Yasemin
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmada Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının çok katmanlı okuryazarlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemlerinden basit seçkisiz örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılar; Türkiye’nin kuzeyindeki bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesi Türkçe Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalında öğrenim gören 215 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Çok Katmanlı Okuryazarlık Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanan veriler; cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, annebaba eğitim düzeyi, akademik başarı, günlük internet kullanım süresi, günlük okuma süresi, sevilen metin türü, yıllık okunan kitap sayısı ve katıldıkları sanatsal faaliyet değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistikler, bağımsız gruplar için t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (One Way Anova) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan sonucunda Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının çok katmanlı okuryazarlık becerileri ve çok katmanlı yapıyı kullanarak kendini ifade etme becerileri dışında ölçeğin tüm boyutlarının ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının çok katmanlı okuryazarlık becerilerinin; cinsiyet, akademik başarı, günlük internet kullanım süresi, günlük okuma süresi, sevilen metin türü, yıllık okunan kitap sayısı ve katıldıkları sanatsal faaliyetler açısından benzer özelliklere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının sadece çok katmanlı okuryazarlık düzeyleri sınıf seviyelerine göre manidar farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılıklar incelendiğinde ise çok katmanlı okuryazarlık becerileri ile çok katmanlı yapıda kullanılan içeriği anlamlandırma boyutunda ortalamaların sınıf düzeyine bağlı olarak arttığı söylenebilir.
ÖĞRETMENLİK MESLEK KANUNUNA İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ULUSOY Kadir , İŞÇİ Tuğçe Gamze , ERKUŞ Bahattin
Published: March 2024

Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de önemli bir konumda yer alan öğretmenlik mesleği, taşıdığı misyon itibariyle ülkemizin geleceği üzerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmenlerin “Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu” ile ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun oluşturulmasında ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı bünyesinde görev yapan ve en az yüksek lisans düzeyinde eğitim seviyesine sahip öğretmenler araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış, araştırmada toplanan veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu’na yönelik olumlu görüşe sahip olduğu ancak beklentilerini karşılamadığı, kariyer basamağı uygulamasında; uzman ve baş öğretmenlik için beklenen sürenin daha kısa olması, öğretmenlerin yaptıkları akademik çalışmalar ve projelerin de kariyer basamaklarına dâhil olması ve öğretmenleri kişisel gelişim noktasında motive edecek, ekonomik olarak iyileştirmeler sağlayacak düzenlemelerin yapılması gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Investigating the Unproductive Morphological Forms in Indonesian Language
Authors: Nugraha Danang Satria
Published: March 2024

This study entailed an investigation into the unproductive morphological forms in the Indonesian language. This study analyzed these forms’ nature, patterns, and potential linguistic implications to uncover the reasons behind their existence and persistence. The study employed descriptive approached and data-based methodologies, utilizing the SEAlang Library Indonesian Corpus (SLIC) as the primary data source. The results revealed unique features of unproductive morphological forms in Indonesian, characterized by specific affixational patterns, including the morphologically marked infixes {-em-}, {-er-}, {-el-}, and {-in-}. These forms also exhibited semantic limitations limited to particular word classes or semantic domains. Additionally, a confluence of cognitive and linguistic influences contributed to the phenomenon of unproductive word forms. The study also identified boundaries and constraints within morphological productivity, exploring unproductive morphological forms to provide insights into the micro-change of the language. This study’s findings could advance broader aspects of morphological theory and language description.
Determining the Best Rate of Blended NPKSZnB Fertilizer for Optimum Onion Yield and Yield Components in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mebrahtom Solomon , Kahsu Geberesemaeti , Gebrehiwot Weldegebriel , Tadele Tsadik , Berhe Tewolde , Tekulu Kinfe , Mebrahtu Samrawit , Aregawi Goitom , Tasew Gidena
Published: March 2024

Aim: The nutrient content of current fertilizer recommendations is unbalanced and is based on a very general and blanket recommendation for all soil and crop types, and their economic benefit is low. Therefore, this study was initiated to validate the recommendations regarding blended fertilizers applied to the soil and to identify the best fertilizer dose that ensures optimal yield and maximum economic return.
Study Hypotheses: significance effect of blended NPKSZnB fertilizer on onion yield and yield components.
Study Design: The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design with three replications and seven treatments.
Place and Duration of the study:  The field experiment was conducted in the off-season of 2018 and 2019 in Tahtay Koraro (two farmers), and Laelay adyabo (two farmers) districts of in northern Ethiopia.
Methodology: Seven treatments with NPKSZnB fertilizer rates (25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg·ha-1) were tested under irrigation conditions.  Thus, for each plot nitrogen from Urea was applied at a rate of 150 kg ha-1. Surface soil samples were collected before planting onion harvesting at a depth of 0-20 cm to analyze selected soil chemical properties such as pH, extractable electric conductivity (ECe), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), available P and exchangeable bases (K, Mg, Ca, and Na).
Results: The application of different doses of NPKSZnB under irrigation conditions had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) impact on onion phenology, yield and yield components. The highest average onion yield (10,329 and 19,196 kg ha-1) was obtained after applying compound fertilizer doses of 200 and 250 kg ha-1 in Teahtay Koraro and Laelay Adyabo districts, respectively. However, the use of NPKSZnB fertilizer at a dose of 100 and 50 kg ha-1 for onion cultivation under irrigated conditions in T/koraro and L/adyabo districts was found to be economically viable. Thus, growers in both  districts should use NPKSZnB compound   fertilizer at these rates  for  onion  production and productivity.
Conclusion: Therefore, farmers in both districts should use NPKSZnB compound fertilizer at these rates for optimum onion production.
Estimate of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficients in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Ankitesh , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Maurya C.L. , Singh Som Veer , Shweta  , Kumar Jayant , Naik Bukke Sai Dev
Published: March 2024

The significant positive correlation of phenotypic and genotypic performance as well as path correlation of crops helps in selection of the superior cultivars. Based upon important significance of these estimates, it was applied in our research. For this an experiment was conducted on different genotypes during crop season of Rabi 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 under normal (non-stressed) or (heat-stressed) conditions. With the aim of to work out direct and indirect effects of different characters on yield. The field experiments were planted comprising 80 germplasm of bread wheat. Therefore, our experimental trials were conducted in 12 environments (E1 to E12), for the identification of superior yielding and stable germplasm accessions possessing heat-stress tolerance. The field experiments were laid out in Augmented Block Design (ABD). Observations were recorded on twenty -six quantitative characters. Grain yield per plant showed significant positive association with Grain weight per spike (0.7998**), followed by Harvest index (0.7768**), Spike bearing tillers per plant (0.6627**), Number of grain per plant (0.658**), Plant biomass (0.5754**), Grain length (0.4203**), Spike length (0.3174**), Number of grain per spike (0.2734 *). And significant negative association with Peduncle length (-0.4282**), Plant waxiness (0.291**), Plant height (-0.258*), Chlorophyll content (-0.254*). Grain yield per plant showed highly significant positive association with spike bearing tillers per plant (0.634**), grain weight per spike (0.662**), number of grain per plant (0.550**), plant biomass (0.465**), number of grain per spike (0.166**), flag leaf area (0.1431*), flag leaf length (0.127*).
Flowering Behaviour and Synchronization in Avocado: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gaurha Aditya , Shrivastava Pragya , Minz Asnath Prerna , Minz Varsha , Rathore Aaradhana , Hita K.
Published: March 2024

Understanding the flowering behaviour and synchronisation in avocado (Persea americana) is crucial for effective orchard management as it directly impacts fruit yield and quality. The flowering patterns of avocado trees are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and cultural practices. In this review, we will delve into the various factors that influence avocado flowering, with a particular focus on the physiological and environmental aspects. It is crucial to highlight the significance of maintaining optimal tree health and providing a well-balanced nutrition for successful avocado flowering. In this discussion, we will explore the role of chilling requirements, temperature, and photoperiod in flower initiation and development. An analysis is conducted on cultivation practices, specifically pruning and girdling, to assess their effects on flower synchronisation. While some practices, such as plant growth regulator applications, may offer potential avenues for manipulation, their efficacy in the context of avocado flowering remains a subject of ongoing research. This abstract highlight the importance of gaining a thorough understanding of avocado flowering dynamics in order to create sustainable orchard management strategies. By improving flower synchronisation, we can ultimately maximise fruit production in avocado cultivation.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Acute Toxicity of Guiera Senegalensis Leaf Extract on Wistar Rats
Authors: Hayatou Mas’-ûd , Tembe Estella Achick , Herve Bayaga , Borgia Njinkio Nono , Fokunang Charles N.
Published: March 2024

A liver is an essential organ that performs several metabolic activities in body. Various chemicals as well as pathologies which affecting it result in harmful consequences. Management of liver pathologies involves expensive and even toxic therapeutic strategies. 80 % by populations in developing countries used medicinal plants which constituted a significant reservoir of molecules with diverse and various properties including hepatoprotective properties. To rectify these problems, Guiera senegalensis has been in existence that subjected to few studies and highlighted hepatoprotective properties, hence the interest of this study. Three extraction methods were carried out, infusion, decoction, maceration (aqueous, ethanolic). The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was explored on 42 Wistar rats divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. The groups including 4 test groups, were treated with the extract at 500 mg/kg of each extract. A healthy group that received distilled water (positive control group) were treated with paracetamol at 640mg/Kg. A reference group received a drug (Silymarin)
The rats were treated for 14 days. The rats were then sacrificed, blood sample were collected for biochemical analyses. Some organs were removed for histological analysis as well. The acute toxicity of the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 420. The study of the hepatoprotective activity of plant extracts showed a significant decrease in transaminase activities in the rats treated with the extract obtained by aqueous maceration, AP, a significant decrease in total proteins in the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration. It was revealed that, the increase in in-vivo antioxidants found to be high in those treated with the hydro-ethanolic extract. The hydro-ethanolic extract did not show any significant toxicity.
Phytochemical Analysis of Different Plant Extracts and their Inhibitory Effects on Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani
Authors: Darshitha S. R. , Lakshmeesha R.  , Chaithrashree, B. N.  , Harish J.  , Manoj Kumar H. B.  , Kumar K. M. Harini , Shymalamma, S.
Published: March 2024

Plant extracts constitutes versatile phytochemicals which can be substituted with commercial synthetic chemicals to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of guava, jackfruit, tulsi, peppermint and eucalyptus leaves were evaluated in-vitro against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani isolated from Pomegranate and Guava respectively. Plant extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and condensed the extract by rotary evaporation. Highest yield was obtained in methanol plant extracts compared to aqueous extract, as it causes differences in the polarity of the extraction which leads to wide variation in the level of bioactive compounds in the extract. Poison food technique was used to test the antifungal activity of plant extracts. Jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm showed maximum inhibition of 88.89% and guava leaves aqueous extract at 3000ppm showed minimum inhibition of 48.15% against Aspergillus niger. In case of Fusarium solani maximum inhibition was observed in jackfruit leaves methanol extract at 7000ppm of 87.89% and minimum inhibition was recorded in eucalyptus leaves aqueous extract of 57.41% at 3000ppm.The qualitative phytochemical screening of selected plant extracts showed various phytochemicals in plant extracts like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoid, saponin and alkaloid. GC-MS analysis of jackfruit methanol extract showed the presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1, Octadecanoic acid and Benzene, 1, 2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl). All these findings implied the availability of various phytochemicals might be a source of antifungal agent for inhibition of pathogens and to improve the postharvest quality of fruits.
Monetary Policy on Exchange Rate Volatility in Nigeria: Evidence from BARDL/ARCH and Garch Modellings
Authors: Iliyasu Muntari Darda’u , Ibrahim Saifullahi Sani , Musa Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

While the impact of monetary policy on the exchange rate has been explored in the literature, the volatility of the exchange rate remains an important issue of concern. This study examines the impact of monetary policy on exchange rate volatility in Nigeria. The study uses annual time series data covering 1987 until 2023 which was analysed using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH), bootstrap bound test for cointegration and Granger causality test within the vector error correction model. The empirical finding of the ARCH reveals the presence of conditional volatility of the exchange rate. Moreover, findings from the bootstrap bound test establish a long-run relation among the variables. The study further found that the volatility of the exchange rate is accounted for by the changes in money supply and previous fluctuation of the exchange rate. The causality test indicates the existence of causality from exchange rate volatility to money supply, interest rate, saving and population in both in short and long run. The study concludes that the volatility of the exchange rate is driven by the variability of money supply, interest rate and savings. Therefore, controlling the shocks emanating from previous exchange rate volatility and money supply is key to addressing the exchange rate fluctuation in Nigeria. The study recommends a policy mix of utilizing key fiscal and monetary policy tools that could enable Nigeria to achieve exchange rate stability.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru Pada Motivasi Murid-Murid Kursus TTZW Surabaya Belajar Bahasa Mandarin
Authors: Laksmana Darren Fredericko , Olivia Olivia
Published: March 2024

Dalam dunia pendidikan, kompetensi guru dapat diringkas menjadi empat dimensi utama yang terbagi menjadi kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi sosial dan kompetensi profesional. Dalam empat dimensi ini, kompetensi kepribadian memiliki pengaruh yang paling signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi besarnya pengaruh kompetensi kepribadian guru terhadap motivasi murid dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin, dilaksanakan di kursus bahasa Mandarin TianTian ZhongWen (TTZW). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pertama dengan menyebarkan angket penelitian melalui formulir Google, total terdapat 55 murid yang berpartisipasi dalam pengisian angket, kemudian menggunakan Excel dan aplikasi SPSS untuk mengolah dan menghitung data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi kepribadian guru selama pembelajaran memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap motivasi murid dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin. Di waktu yang sama menemukan bahwa kompetensi kepribadian guru di TianTian ZhongWen (TTZW) secara umum baik, motivasi murid dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin juga cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini menyajikan data yang dapat dijadikan fondasi dasar bagi guru dalam mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kompetensi kepribadian dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
Perspektif Kebahasaan Pada Strategi Sensory Marketing Perusahaan Mixue : Kajian Tindak Tutur Pragmatik
Authors: Rinaldi Rinaldi , Fahmi Muhammad Khairul , Susilo Arkam , Nurkhalisa Andi Naswa , Junaeny Arini
Published: March 2024

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kesuksesan suatu brand adalah strategi marketing yang tepat, adapun teknik marketing yang dapat digunakan yakni melalui penggunaan sensory marketing. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang berfokus pada peran konteks pragmatik dalam menentukan maksud tuturan di kehidupan sehari-hari. Sehingga tujuan penulisan ini yaitu menganalisis kebahasaan pada strategi sensory marketing perusahaan Mixue dalam kajian tindak tutur pragmatik indikator sensory Penglihatan (sight), Rasa (taste), Sentuhan (touch), Pendengaran (hear), Penciuman (smell). Sumber data penelitian ini didapatkan langsung dari wawancara informan serta sumber lain baik lisan maupun tulisan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan penggunaan sensory marketing yang dilakukan Mixue mampu mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen melalui logo, aksara mandarin, pelafalan unik, dan gimik.
RACISMO INSTITUCIONAL E RACISMO COTIDIANO NOS CONTOS “AS MÃOS DOS PRETOS”, DE LUÍS BERNARDO HONWANA, E “O PECADO”, DE LIMA BARRETO
Authors: Canedo Rogério Max , Mendes Duarte Júnior Luciano
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer uma comparação entre os contos As mãos dos pretos, do escritor moçambicano Luís Bernardo Honwana, e O pecado, do autor brasileiro Lima Barreto, denunciando o racismo institucional (ALMEIDA, 2019) e o racismo cotidiano (KILOMBA, 2019) presentes nas duas narrativas. Portanto, com base em textos teóricos que discutem, majoritariamente, racismo e literatura negra, é possível notar como a Igreja enquanto instituição surge nos contos como (re)produtora de discursos racistas que inferiorizam e excluem a população negra. Além disso, aponta-se a forma como o racismo institucional e o racismo cotidiano retroalimentam-se, sustentando a continuidade da discriminação racial.
NOVOS RUMOS PARA A HISTÓRIA
Authors: De Araújo João Fernando , Regina de Jesus Adriana , Manfré Filho Célio , Aparecida Pires Franco Sandra
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as categorias dialéticas “Conteúdo e Forma” no papel da personagem Malévola na obra impressa intitulada Rosicler (1812) e na obra fílmica Malévola (2014), a fim de perceber confluências e dissonâncias no papel da personagem em ambas as obras. Como ponto de comparação, tomaremos a passagem do antagonismo de Malévola no livro para o protagonismo heroico no filme. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica.  A análise dos dados foi orientada pelos pressupostos da Teoria da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria Histórico- Cultural. Para tanto, utilizamos os estudos de Carvalhal (2006), Scoparo (2018), Vygotsky (1999), Lukács (1970) e outros. Os resultados destacam que a ascensão da personagem como heroína se dá principalmente por meio de suas fortes ações, em especial, à bondade e o amor por ela expressos em relação à Aurora.
Employer costs of alcohol‐involved injuries
Authors: Zaloshnja Eduard , Miller Ted R. , Hendrie Delia , Galvin Deborah
Published: December 2006

Background

This study estimates the annual cost of alcohol‐related injuries to employers in 1998–2000.

Methods

Incidence was estimated with occupational injury data, motor vehicle crash data and health care data for 1998–2000. Employer costs were estimated from federal estimates of injury costs by source of payment using data on the percentage of varied payment streams (e.g., health insurance, sick leave) paid by employers.

Results

The annual employer cost of alcohol‐related injuries to employees and their dependents exceed $28.6 billion. Out of this, $13.2 billion comes from job‐related, alcohol‐involved injuries. The annual employer cost of motor vehicle crashes in which at least one driver was alcohol‐impaired is over $9.2 billion. Out of this, only $3.4 billion comes from job‐related alcohol involvement.

Conclusion

Safety programs can reduce the fringe benefit bill without reducing the benefits offered to employees. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early frontotemporal dementia targets neurons unique to apes and humans
Authors: Seeley William W. , Carlin Danielle A. , Allman John M. , Macedo Marcelo N. , Bush Clarissa , Miller Bruce L. , DeArmond Stephen J.
Published: December 2006

Objective

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that erodes uniquely human aspects of social behavior and emotion. The illness features a characteristic pattern of early injury to anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortex. These regions, though often considered ancient in phylogeny, are the exclusive homes to the von Economo neuron (VEN), a large bipolar projection neuron found only in great apes and humans. Despite progress toward understanding the genetic and molecular bases of FTD, no class of selectively vulnerable neurons has been identified.

Methods

Using unbiased stereology, we quantified anterior cingulate VENs and neighboring Layer 5 neurons in FTD (n = 7), Alzheimer's disease (n = 5), and age‐matched nonneurological control subjects (n = 7). Neuronal morphology and immunohistochemical staining patterns provided further information about VEN susceptibility.

Results

FTD was associated with early, severe, and selective VEN losses, including a 74% reduction in VENs per section compared with control subjects. VEN dropout was not attributable to general neuronal loss and was seen across FTD pathological subtypes. Surviving VENs were often dysmorphic, with pathological tau protein accumulation in Pick's disease. In contrast, patients with Alzheimer's disease showed normal VEN counts and morphology despite extensive local neurofibrillary pathology.

Interpretation

VEN loss links FTD to its signature regional pattern. The findings suggest a new framework for understanding how evolution may have rendered the human brain vulnerable to specific forms of degenerative illness. Ann Neurol 2006;60:660–667
Determination and stability of sex
Authors: Ottolenghi Chris , Uda Manuela , Crisponi Laura , Omari Shakib , Cao Antonio , Forabosco Antonino , Schlessinger David
Published: December 2006

How is the embryonic bipotential gonad regulated to produce either an ovary or a testis? In males, transient early activation of the Y chromosome Sry gene makes both germ cells and soma male. However, in females, available evidence suggests that the process of ovary sex determination may take place independently in the germline and somatic lineages. In addition, in contrast to testis, in ovary somatic cells, female‐to‐male gonadal sex reversal can occur at times throughout ovary development and maturation. We suggest that a single gene pathway, likely hinging on the Foxl2 transcription factor, both initiates and maintains sex differentiation in somatic cells of the mammalian ovary. BioEssays 29: 15–25, 2007. Published 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Study of Microwave Enhanced Thermal Decontamination of Oil Contaminated Waste
Authors: Shang H. , Robinson J. P. , Kingman S. W. , Snape C. E. , Wu Q.
Published: December 2006

This paper demonstrates that microwave enhanced thermal decontamination of oil contaminated waste is a potentially important and highly efficiency approach to achieving the required environmental discharge limit. Numerical simulation of microwave thermal decontamination of oil contaminated wastes within an applicator known to support high electric field strengths was used to assess the influence of electric field and power loss density distributions on oil removal from the waste materials. It was found during this study that the water content plays the most important role in oil removal. As the microwave receptors within the material matrix, water molecules absorbed the bulk of the applied microwave energy. This energy was subsequently transferred to the oil in the form of heat, and was shown to cause thermal desorption. The boiling point of oil can also be reduced when it is mixed with water, since free water is beneficial to uniform heating, whilst bound water has a significant effect on the latter stages of oil removal. The experimental and simulation results suggest that the lowest residual oil levels were achieved when the sample material had a high dielectric loss factor and was placed in the position of maximum electric field strength. The cost of using a microwave technique for the remediation of oily waste can be up to 20 times lower than conventional heating.
Non‐Newtonian Heat Transfer on a Plate Heat Exchanger with Generalized Configurations
Authors: Carezzato A. , Alcantara M. R. , Telis‐Romero J. , Tadini C. C. , Gut J. A. W.
Published: December 2006

For the configuration optimization of plate heat exchangers (PHEs), the mathematical models for heat transfer and pressure drop must be valid for a wide range of operational conditions of all configurations of the exchanger or the design results may be compromised. In this investigation, the thermal model of a PHE is adjusted to fit experimental data obtained from non‐Newtonian heat transfer for eight different configurations, using carboxymethylcellulose solutions (CMC) as test fluid. Although it is possible to successfully adjust the model parameters, Newtonian and non‐Newtonian heat transfer cannot be represented by a single generalized correlation. In addition, the specific heat, thermal conductivity and power‐law rheological parameters of CMC solutions were correlated with temperature, over a range compatible with a continuous pasteurization process.
Chromatic behavior of inorganic pigments in restoration mortars (nonhydraulic lime, hydraulic lime, gypsum, and portland cement). A comparative study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gordillo José , Sáez‐Pérez María Paz , Durán‐Suárez Jorge Alberto , García‐Beltrán Antonio
Published: December 2006

Spectral diffuse reflectance was used to make a comparative study of the chromatic behavior (stability, coloring power and effects of time, thermal gradients, and high energy ultraviolet radiation) of the inorganic pigments ultramarine blue, green earth, molybdenum orange, zinc yellow, chrome yellow, chrome green, ochre, and natural sienna when mixed with the binders: nonhydraulic lime, hydraulic lime, Portland cement, and gypsum. The results show acute interference of the limes and the Portland cement, and, to a lesser extent, of the gypsum on the initial colors of ultramarine blue, molybdenum orange, and chrome yellow. The other pigments studied showed good stability in the four binders. Time, thermal gradients, and high energy ultraviolet radiation caused no appreciable color changes, except in the case of chrome yellow, which presented slight changes over time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 65–70, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20289
Preparation of GaN crystals by heating a Li3N‐added Ga melt in Na vapor and their photoluminescence
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Yamane Hisanori , Ohta Takaaki , Goto Takenari , Yao Takafumi
Published: December 2006

GaN crystals were prepared by heating a Ga melt with 1 at% Li3N against Ga at 750 °C in Na vapor under N2 pressures of 0.4–1.0 MPa. The GaN crystals grown at 1.0 MPa of N2 were colorless and transparent prismatic, having a size of approximately 0.7 mm in length. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed the contaminant of lithium in the obtained crystals. A large broad yellow band emission peak of 2.28 eV was observed at room temperature in the photoluminescence spectrum in addition to the near band emission peak of GaN at 3.39 eV and a small broad satellite emission at 3.24 eV. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of L‐histidine hydrochloride monohydrate single crystals
Authors: Madhavan J. , Aruna S. , Thomas P. C. , Vimalan M. , Rajasekar S. A. , Sagayaraj P.
Published: December 2006

Good optical quality single crystal of L‐histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHC) a novel semi organic NLO material was grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The crystal was characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra‐red (FTIR), UV‐Vis‐NIR, TGA, DTA, microhardness and solubility studies. The SHG efficiency is found to be higher than that of KDP crystal. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal was studied as function of frequency and the results are discussed. Photoconductivity studies were also carried out which reveals the positive photoconducting properties of the sample. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trace‐element analysis of native copper: The view from Northern Minnesota, USA
Authors: Mulholland Susan C. , Pulford Mary H.
Published: December 2006

Native copper, both finished artifacts and worked pieces, are relatively common in pre‐Contact sites of northeastern Minnesota. Fifteen artifact samples and seven sources of native copper were submitted for trace‐element analysis as a test of the procedures developed by G. Rapp, Jr. and colleagues (2000). Although the specific sources chosen had high typicality probabilities, very low posterior probabilities preclude confidence that the artifacts were accurately sourced. Potential problems include incomplete characterization of several sources, as well as the limited number of sources in the database. Of more interest than identification of specific sources is the selection of apparent source pairs. Michipicoten (eastern Lake Superior) and Isle Royale (western Lake Superior) are often chosen together; Weyerhauser Mine (Wisconsin) and the Champion Mine (Keewenaw Peninsula) may form another pair. Future research should concentrate on identifying patterns of sources in the region rather than focusing on specific mines. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethanol-induced oxidative stress suppresses generation of peptides for antigen presentation by hepatoma cells
Authors: Osna Natalia A. , White Ronda L. , Todero Sandra , Mc Vicker Benita L. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Clemens Dahn L. , Tuma Dean J. , Donohue Terrence M.
Published: December 2006

Processing of peptides for antigen presentation is catalyzed by antigen-trimming enzymes, including the proteasome and leucine aminopeptidase. Oxidative stress suppresses proteasome function. We hypothesized that in liver cells, processing of antigenic peptides is altered by ethanol metabolism. To address this issue, soluble extracts of ethanol-metabolizing VL-17A cells treated with 100 mM ethanol or left untreated were incubated with C-extended or N-extended 18-27 HBV core peptides. Peptide cleavage was measured by recovery after HPLC. Ethanol exposure to VL-17A cells increased CYP2E1 and decreased proteasome peptidase activities. The latter effect was prevented by treatment of cells with inhibitors, 4-methylpyrazole and diallyl sulfide. Ethanol treatment of VL-17A cells also reduced the activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Consequently, cleavage of both C-extended and N-extended peptides by cytosolic extracts was suppressed by pretreatment of cells with ethanol. Treatment of cells with interferon gamma, which enhances proteasome activity, did not reverse the effects of ethanol. Ethanol exerted similar effects on WIFB cells, indicating that its effects are not unique to one cell type.

Conclusion

: Ethanol metabolism suppresses activities of antigen-trimming enzymes, thereby decreasing the cleavage of C-extended and N-extended peptides. This defect may potentially result in decreased MHC class I–restricted antigen presentation on virally infected liver cells. (Hepatology 2007;45:53–61.)
Keratin 18 overexpression but not phosphorylation or filament organization blocks mouse Mallory body formation
Authors: Harada Masaru , Strnad Pavel , Resurreccion Evelyn Z. , Ku Nam-On , Omary Bishr M.
Published: December 2006

Several human liver diseases are associated with formation of Mallory body (MB) inclusions. These hepatocyte cytoplasmic deposits are composed primarily of hyperphosphorylated keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18). Feeding a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-containing diet is a well-established mouse model of MBs. K8 overexpression, and K8-null or K18-null mouse models, indicate that a K8-greater-than-K18 expression ratio is critical for MB formation. We used established transgenic mouse models to study the effect of K18 overexpression and phosphorylation, or keratin filament disorganization, on MB formation. Five mouse lines were used: nontransgenic, those that overexpress wild-type K18 or the K18 phosphorylation mutants Ser33-to-Ala (S33A) or Ser52-to-Ala (S52A), and mice that overexpress K18 Arg89-to-Cys, which causes collapse of the keratin filament network into dots. DDC feeding induced MBs in nontransgenic livers, but MBs were rarely seen in any of the K18 transgenic mice. Wild-type K18 overexpression protected mice from DDC-induced liver injury.

Conclusion:

K18 overexpression protects mice from MB formation and from DDC-induced liver injury, which supports the importance of the K8-to-K18 ratio in MB formation. The effect of K18 on MB formation is independent of hepatocyte keratin filament organization or K18 Ser33/Ser52 phosphorylation. Keratin filament collapse, which is a major risk for acute liver injury, is well tolerated in the context of chronic DDC-mediated liver injury. Hepatology 2007;45:88–96.)
Wnt'er in liver: Expression of Wnt and frizzled genes in mouse
Authors: Zeng Gang , Awan Farrukh , Otruba Wade , Muller Peggy , Apte Udayan , Tan Xinping , Gandhi Chandrashekhar , Demetris Anthony J. , Monga Satdarshan P. S.
Published: December 2006

The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for a wide array of developmental and physiological processes. Wnts are extracellular ligands that bind to frizzled (Fz) receptors at the membrane, canonically inducing β-catenin nuclear translocation and activation. Although β-catenin has been shown to be critical in liver biology, the expression of the 19 Wnt and 10 Fz genes in liver remains undetermined. We report comprehensive analysis of Wnt and Fz expression in whole liver as well as individual cell types: freshly isolated and plated hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, normal and activated stellate and Kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). Oligonucleotides for the 19 Wnt, 10 frizzled receptors genes, and secreted Frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP or Fzb) were synthesized based on the available sequences. A total of 11 Wnts and 8 Fz genes and Fzb were expressed in normal liver. Although only 6 Wnt and 5 Fz genes were expressed in freshly isolated hepatocytes, 8 Wnt genes, 7 Fz genes, and Fzb were expressed in plated hepatocytes. Although 12 Wnt and 7 Fz genes were expressed in biliary tree, additional Fz9 and Fzb were only expressed in cultured biliary epithelial cells. The same 14 Wnt and 7 Fz genes were expressed in both activated and normal stellate and Kupffer cells; only Fzb was expressed in their activated state. Also, 11 Wnt, seven Fz, and Fzb genes were expressed in SECs.

Conclusion

: These data indicate that most Wnt and frizzled genes are expressed in the liver and might be playing important roles in liver pathobiology via canonical and noncanonical pathways. Hepatology 2007;45:195–204.)