bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological and Phytosanitary Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality in Preschool Institutions of Novosibirsk
Authors: Tsybulya Natalia , Fedorenko Elvina , Gribkova Liliya
Published: August 2018

Special assortment of plants demonstrating high antimicrobial activity was tested in the play rooms of kindergartens in Novosibirsk. Preliminary laboratory experiments revealed universal activity of these plant species against test objects: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. Microbial pollution of air in the play rooms of 12 kindergartens in Novosibirsk was monitored taking into account the presence or absence of plants in the rooms. The dynamics of microbial pollution of the rooms was studied: the composition and number of colonyforming units per 1 m3 (CFU/m3), the fractions of opportunistic pathogenic microfrlora (staphylococcus, enterobacteria). The plants with the leaf area 1.5-3.0 m2 per 100 m3 of the room volume caused a significant effect of volatile exo-metabolites: a decrease in total microbial pollution, a decrease in the number of opportunistic staphylococci and enterobacteria by a factor of 1.5-3.5, and in some cases a decrease in the number of saprophitic bacteria of Sarcina genus. Results of the investigation may be recommended for wide application in order to optimize the indoor conditions of kindergartens.
Winter-hardiness assessment in groundcovering roses by histochemistry
Authors: Vasilyeva Olga , Tzygankova Alina
Published: August 2018

The paper presents the results of the seasonal dynamics of starch and lipids study in annual shoots of rose species and cultivars growing in the urbanized medium of a Siberian megapolis under continental climate conditions. The prospects of prediction the winter hardiness of roses by the rate of starch hydrolysis and lipids storage in pre-winter period are shown. During this period, starch is observed in medullary rays, perimedullary region and pith (centripetal tendency), while primary cortex, phloem and cambium are rich in lipids (centrifugal tendency).
Effect of prolonged cultivation on the micropropagation in vitro of mint cultivars and breeding samples
Authors: Zagorskaya Margarita , Yegorova Natalia
Published: August 2018

The influence of the genotype and the number of subcultures on the development of meristem cultures of five mint cultivars and breeding samples – Krasnodarskaya 2, Diana, K37, No. 2.8.14, A2 (Mentha spp.) was studied. At the second stage of micropropagation, the analysis of morphometric parameters of explants during six subcultures of four genotypes showed an increase in the multiplication index at 4-5th passages, while in the sample A2 - at 3-4th passages.
Surface plasmons superresolution nanolithography technique by using polydimethylsiloxane soft mold based on light coupling
Authors: He Chuanwang , Huang Peng , Fan Bin , Dong Xiaochun
Published: August 2018

We proposed a novel surface plasmons (SP) nanolithography technique based on light coupling, which adopts the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft mold to replace the ordinary hard mask. By using the light coupling effect of PDMS mold and the SP resonance effect of silver layer, the nanolithography technique could realize the superresolution lithography with a resolution of 1/10 of exposure wavelength and a high contrast ratio of 0.97. By the numerical simulation, we calculated the electric field distribution, analyzed the influence of the linewidth of PDMS soft mold and the thickness of silver layer on the proposed nanolithography system. The calculated results indicate the physics mechanism that the silver layer acts not only as an amplifier for high-frequency energy, but also as a blocker for the low-frequency energy. The optimal linewidth and silver layer thickness are obtained, which can promote the contrast ratio to 0.99.
Approach to detecting latent defects of the printed circuit boards thin-filmed coatings
Authors: Balastov Alexey , Kovrigin Boris , Lavrinovich Valery
Published: August 2018

One of the main reasons for the space vehicles (SV) power supply systems failure is a secondary arc. In the statistics of fatal failures that can lead to the SV loss, the failure rate of the power supply systems is 9%, but despite this, there are no standard methods for diagnosing the on-board equipment for the arc stability, due to the relative novelty of the problem. The problem we encountered is associated with the need to switch power supply systems to the voltage levels that are much higher than the arc voltage in the space vacuum. From the point of view of the defects downing that can lead to arcing, the most vulnerable are the insulation coatings. Therefore, a significant part of the problem solution is concentrated in the development of the specific methods for these coatings diagnostics. In space technology, such diagnostics significance is increased due to the inability to provide necessary repairs or services in the outer space.
Features of thermal behavior and ignition of HEM with bimetal powders
Authors: Korotkikh Alexander , Sorokin Ivan , Selikhova Ekaterina
Published: August 2018

The use of metal fuel in high-energy materials (HEM) for propulsion is the most energy efficient method allows to the combustion characteristic increase for solid propellants and specific impulse. Aluminum powder is used in original HEM. To improve the ignition characteristics of HEM advisable to use the catalyst (nonmetals, metals or their oxides). Paper presents the experimental data of the thermal behavior and ignition for HEM based on AP and butadiene rubber, containing bimetal powders: aluminum/iron and aluminum/boron. The use of Alex/Fe powder in HEM decreases the ignition time by 1.3–1.9 times under initiation by CO2 laser in air at the range of heat flux density of 55–220 W/cm2 and increases of the recoil force of gasification products outflow from burning surface by 27 % during combustion of propellant due to possible of the catalytic effect, which reduces the beginning temperature of AP high-temperature decomposition by ~20 °C, and interaction of thermite mixture of aluminum and iron particles in the reaction layer of propellant. Then the use of Alex/B in HEM the ignition time is decreased by 1.2–1.4 times, the recoil force of gasification products outflow from burning surface is slightly increased by 9 %.
Modelling of thermal and stress-strain state of transformable space structures from hybrid composite materials
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy Konstanitin , Prosuntsov Pavel
Published: August 2018

The strikes of the meteoroids represent a serious danger for transformable space structures. Multilayer plates and shells made of hybrid composite materials can be effectively used for protection and thermal control of such structures. The results of the analysis of the thermal regime and shock resistance of a multilayer structure flying in a circular orbit 400 km high are presented.
Developing English language competence for specialists in rocket and space composite structures
Authors: Shafikova Inna , Gurova Galina , Novikov Andrey
Published: August 2018

Composite materials is a rapidly developing field of science and technology. Training specialists in composite materials requires special approach with regard to their English language competence. The paper looks at the proposed English language course for Rocket and space structures. The course in question must comply with the requirements of the Bologna process, curriculum and education standards and at the same time meet the learners' needs in terms of their professional competence. A multi-level system is proposed that includes academics apart from undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Analysis of the vapor-oxygen oxidizer in the synthesis gas production from solid fuel
Authors: Popova Elena S. , Subbotin Alexander N.
Published: August 2018

A universal method of processing low-grade coals, as well as energy waste, is their gasification. A mathematical model of the conversion of coke, placed in a cylindrical capsule, through which a steam-oxygen blow is carried out, is considered. The determining parameter is the proportion of oxygen in the oxidizer. The values of the oxygen concentration in a steam-oxygen oxidizer are found to produce a synthesis gas with a predetermined percentage of combustible components.
Age-related Changes in Training Stimuli and Performance in Masters Swimmers
Authors: Lapierre Stephanie , Baker Brett , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: August 2018

Age-related decreases in performance are thought to be driven by decreases in exercise training stimuli. We determined the influence of changes in training stimuli with advancing age on swimming performance using cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses. Totals of 692 and 98 competitive swimmers belonging to the US Masters Swimming Association were analyzed in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Swimming times increased with advancing age, and age was the strongest predictor of swimming performance, followed by training volume, in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. In the cross-sectional data analyses, an increase in training volume by 10 km/month, was associated with improved performance by 0.69 s regardless of age. In the longitudinal analyses, training volume was not a significant predictor for younger swimmers. In middle-aged swimmers, however, increases in training volume resulted in faster swimming times, and its effect was more pronounced in older swimmers. We concluded that there was a graded positive relationship between yearly increases in training volume and improved swimming performance, and that such effects were greater with advancing age.
DRG Erlöse und Kosten multimorbider Patienten im deutschen DRG-System – Analyse der operativen Behandlung chronischer Wunden an einer Universitätsklinik am Beispiel des Dekubitus
Authors: Cerny Michael , Hellmich Susanne , Schwarz-Boeger Ulrike , Schmauss Daniel , Moog Philipp , Bauer Anna-Theresa , Pförringer Dominik , Erne Holger , Machens Hans-Günther , Megerle Kai
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund Die Versorgung von komplexen Patienten mit chronischen Wunden wie dem Dekubitus sacralis ist speziell bei intensiv pflegeaufwändigen Patienten, die an einer Vielzahl von chronischen Erkrankungen leiden, nicht immer kostendeckend. Wir analysieren Erlöse, Kosten und Komplikationen, um wesentliche Faktoren der Kostenbildung und der möglichen Vergütung darzustellen.

Methoden 51 Patienten mit der DRG-Hauptdiagnose Dekubitus Grad III und Grad IV, die in unserer Klinik der Supramaximalversorgung in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 behandelt worden sind, wurden analysiert. Die Aufenthaltsdauer, Anzahl der Operationen, Anzahl und Art der Nebendiagnosen sowie die im Verlauf aufgetretenen Komplikationen wurden erfasst. Eine Kalkulation der Kosten und Erlöse pro Patient wurde durchgeführt und mit den vom Institut für Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) angegebenen Werten verglichen.

Ergebnisse Bei 25 von 51 Fällen überstiegen die Kosten die Erlöse, was überwiegend auf eine zu lange Behandlungsdauer, Komplikationen und viele operative Eingriffe zurückzuführen war. Bei Betrachtung aller Patienten konnte durchschnittlich keine kostendeckende Behandlung an unserer Klinik durchgeführt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung von meist schwerkranken Patienten mit Dekubitalulzera kann im Deutschen DRG-System oft nicht kostendeckend sein. Ein strenger Behandlungsalgorithmus mit Minimierung der operativen Eingriffe und intensive Pflege sind hilfreich, können jedoch kostenintensive Komplikationen nicht vermeiden. Wesentlich erscheint eine Re-evaluation der existierenden DRGs zu erreichen.
Omega-3 und stille Entzündungen
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: August 2018

Eine anerkannte Definition der stillen Entzündung existiert bislang nicht. Sie wird u. a. mit einem 2- bis 3-fachen Anstieg von Entzündungsmarkern wie CRP oder
TNF-α beschrieben. Epidemiologische Studien belegen aber inzwischen, dass sie Zivilisationskrankheiten wie Diabetes mellitus, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen,
Demenz, nicht-alkoholische Fettleber oder auch chronische Schmerzen und vorschnelle Alterung begünstigen. Hauptursachen sind ein Überkonsum an
Omega-6-Fettsäuren und Übergewicht. Eine Diät, die reich an Omega-3-Fettsäuren ist, oder die zusätzliche Gabe von Omega-3-Fettsäuren hat in Studien positive
Effekte auf stille Entzündungen ergeben.

Besteht der Verdacht auf eine stille Entzündung kann die subtile Fettsäuren-Analyse ein Ungleichgewicht im Fettsäurenstatus aufdecken. Die Therapie mit
Omega-3-Fettsäuren, diätetisch oder als Supplement, hat sich in der Praxis des Autors bewährt.
Darmmikrobiota und Silent Inflammation
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Eckert Michaela , Gollsch Annemarie , Kleinhenz Anna , Krause Diana , Lurz Katja , Niebling Martina , Teibert Adrienn
Published: August 2018

Bei vielen chronischen Erkrankungen werden Veränderungen der Darmmikrobiota als ätiologischer Mit-Faktor diskutiert. Doch was haben beispielsweise rheumatoide Arthritis und Diabetes mit dem Darm zu tun? Nach derzeitiger Erkenntnislage scheinen Barrierestörungen (Leaky Gut) mit daraus resultierenden, latenten chronischen Entzündungen der Schlüssel zu sein. Entsprechend wichtig sind die frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung solcher vom Darm ausgehenden „silent“ oder „low-grade inflammations“.
Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Improves Physical Performance of Young Male Soccer Players
Authors: Kim Jonggun , Yim JongEun
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to examine the effects of a rehabilitation exercise combined with instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on the isokinetic power, muscle fatigue, and fitness of soccer players. An interventional study design was used to assess 40 subjects aged 15–17 years. Twenty participants each in instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and control groups completed several tests to determine player development. The results showed significant differences between the two groups with respect to the isokinetic power of the ankle (i. e., dorsiflexion, peak torque body weight at the right- and left-foot angular velocities of 30°/s and 120°/s; plantar flexion, peak torque body weight at the right- and left-foot angular velocities of 30°/s and 120°/s) and knee (extension, right peak-torque body weight at 60°/s and 180°/s and left peak-torque body weight at 60°/s; flexion, right and left peak-torque body weight at 60°/s and 180°/s), muscle fatigue, and physical fitness (P<0.05). Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization in soccer players suggests that the characteristics of athletic performance may be improved by decrease in fatigue and increase in fitness and muscle power. Therefore, we suggest instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization for soccer players to increase their performance.
Lanostane Triterpenes from Gloeophyllum odoratum and Their Anti-Influenza Effects
Authors: Grienke Ulrike , Zwirchmayr Julia , Peintner Ursula , Urban Ernst , Zehl Martin , Schmidtke Michaela , Rollinger Judith
Published: August 2018

In an in vitro screening for anti-influenza agents from European polypores, the fruit body extract of Gloeophyllum odoratum dose-dependently inhibited the cytopathic effect of the H3N2 influenza virus A/Hong Kong/68 (HK/68) in Madin Darby canine kidney cells with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15 µg/mL, a noncytotoxic concentration. After a chromatographic work-up, eight lanostane triterpenes (1–8) were isolated and their structures were elucidated based on high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Constituents 1 (gloeophyllin K) and 2 (gloeophyllin L) are reported here for the first time, and compounds 5, 7, and 8 have not been described for the investigated fungal material so far. The highest activity was determined for trametenolic acid B (3) against HK/68 and the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain A/Jena/8178/09 with IC50 values of 14 and 11 µM, respectively. In a plaque reduction assay, this compound was able to bind to cell-free viruses and to neutralize their infectivity.
Efficient Synthesis of Sulfinate Esters and Sulfinamides via Activated­ Esters of p-Toluenesulfinic Acid
Authors: Hitchcock Shawn , Gafur Sayed , Waggoner Stephanie , Jacobsen Eric , Hamaker Christopher
Published: August 2018

Sulfinate esters were prepared by the process of activating p-toluenesulfinic acid with either cyanuric chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC-HCl). Activation of p-toluenesulfinic acid with cyanuric chloride led to the formation of sulfinate esters that were accompanied by the formation of the corresponding sulfones. The use of methanesulfonyl chloride for activation via methanesulfonic p-toluenesulfinic anhydride afforded mixtures of sulfinate esters and methanesulfonates. The use of the carbodiimide EDC proved to yield the best results with the highly selective formation of the target sulfinate esters. The use of trimethylacetic p-toluenesulfinic anhydride or cyanuric chloride to achieve the synthesis of sulfinamides proved to be ineffective due to poor chemoselectivity of the nucleophilic attack on the activated p-toluenesulfinic acid anhydride. Ultimately, the use of EDC-HCl to form the sulfinamides proved to be the best pathway for synthesis.
Application of HUMF13A01 (AAAG)n STR Polymorphism to the Genetic Diagnosis of Coagulation Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Kangsadalampai Sasichai , Coggan Marjorie , Çaglayan S Hande , Aktuglu Gülten , Board Philip G
Published: August 2018

Deficiency of the A subunit of coagulation factor XIII causes a severe bleeding disorder requiring life long replacement therapy. The mutations causing A subunit deficiency appear to be very heterogeneous, and it is impractical to identify each mutation before genetic counselling or prenatal diagnosis can be attempted. In this study we have shown that a highly polymorphic short tandem repeat element, HUMF13A01 (AAAG)n that occurs in the 5’ flanking sequence of the factor XIII A subunit gene, can be used to follow the segregation of deficiency causing mutations. We studied 6 families with factor XIIIA subunit deficiency from 5 different ethnic groups. All parents were heterozygous for the repetitive element and therefore all the families were informative. The linked polymorphism was used to carry out the first prenatal diagnosis of factor XIII A subunit deficiency. The analysis of this polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction is rapid, reliable, requires little DNA and is ideal for the genetic analysis of factor XIIIA subunit deficiency.
Acetylsalicylic Acid and Sodium Salicylate Inhibit LPS-lnduced NF-kB/c-Rel Nuclear Translocation, and Synthesis of Tissue Factor (TF) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-a) in Human Monocytes
Authors: Osnes L T N , Foss K B , Joø G B , Okkenhaug C , Westvik Å-B , Øvstebø R , Kierulf P
Published: August 2018

We have investigated the effects of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate on the LPS-induced synthesis of the pro-coagulant protein tissue factor (TF) and the pro-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis fac-tor-a (TNF-a), as well as the prostaglandin PGE2 in human monocytes. Both drugs dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced TF and TNF-a synthesis at the mRNA and the protein level, and reduced PGE2 production. As evidenced by electro mobility shift assay (EMSA) and the use of a NF-kB prototypic probe, these drugs probably exert their inhibitory effects by interference with the nuclear translocation of NF-KB/c-Rel proteins. These data may expand the understanding of the anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs when activation of monocytes occurs.
Differential Inhibition of Fibrinogen Binding to Agonist-and RGDS Peptide-activated States of GPIIb-IIIa by an anti-GPIIIa Monoclonal Antibody, PMA5
Authors: Nakatani Shingo , Hato Takaaki , Minamoto Yoko , Fujita Shigeru
Published: August 2018

Platelet agonists and RGD-containing peptides can convert platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ilb-IIIa from its resting state to an activated state competent to bind soluble fibrinogen. We examined the effects of two anti-GPIIb-IIIa monoclonal antibodies, PMA1 and PMA5, on fibrinogen binding to agonist- and RGD-activated GPIIb-IIIa. PMA1 abolished aggregation of both agonist- and RGDS peptide-activated fixed platelets, and inhibited the binding of 125I-fibrinogen to these platelets almost completely. PMA5 had the same effects on agonist-activated platelets, but had little effect on the aggregation of RGDS-activated fixed platelets, and inhibited fibrinogen binding to RGDS-activated fixed platelets by only 44%. PMA5 bound to agonist- and RGDS-activated platelets equally. Immunoblot analysis showed that PMA5 bound to intact GPIIIa, but not to a 66 kDa fragment of GPIIIa digested by chymotrypsin. Although PMA5 inhibited platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen by 94%, 44% of the remaining adherent platelets were spread. In contrast, no platelet spreading was observed in the presence of PMA1. These findings indicate that PMA5 is a novel anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibody with the ability to inhibit fibrinogen binding to agonist- and RGD-activated states of GPIIb-IIIa differentially, and suggest that binding of immobilized fibrinogen to RGD-activated GPIIb-IIIa is necessary for platelet spreading.
Reversibility of Platelet Thrombosis In Vivo
Authors: Wysokinski Waldemar , McBane Robert , Chesebro James H , Owen Whyte G
Published: August 2018

Reversibility in vivo of acute platelet thrombosis in response to specific anticoagulants is analyzed with thrombi that develop in segments (1 cm) of porcine carotid arteries externally crushed with a hemostat. Most thrombi fill the lumens of the injured segments (ca. 1 cm × 3 mm, 1 × w) within 30 min and comprise masses of platelets interpenetrated with neutrophil-lined seepage channels of blood. Continuous quantitative assay of thrombus mass is provided by a gamma detector placed over the injured segments to collect counts from 111In-labeled platelets. Thrombi established 30 min after injury, otherwise stable for 6 h, clear during 30-60 min of continuous infusion of either hirudin, tick anticoagulant or activated porcine protein C, or intermittent activation of endogenous protein C with a latent thrombin reagent. Anticoagulant dose-dependence of thrombus clearance is established for hirudin between 0.01 and 1.0 mg/kg/min. Thrombi become progressively refractory to hirudin between 0.5 and 6 h after injury. Neither heparin nor low-molecular-weight heparin in full (clinical) anticoagulant doses yield significant dethrombosis. It is concluded that, within time limits, controlled thrombin generation in platelet thrombi maintains platelet cohesion without catalyzing irreversible platelet aggregation or clotting of fibrinogen.
The Effectiveness of a Low Molecular Weight Heparinoid in Chronic Intermittent Haemodialysis
Authors: Henny Ch P , ten Cate H , Surachno S , Stevens P , Büller H R , den Hartog M , ten Cate J W
Published: August 2018

A new low molecular weight heparinoid, Org 10172 was compared to heparin in a randomized single blind cross-over study in 55 patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing chronic intermittent haemodialysis. The heparinoid administered as a single pre-dialysis i. v. injection of 34.4 anti-Xa units/kg body weight was compared to standard heparin (loading dose 2,500 IU + continuous infusion of 1,800 IU/hr). Mean anti-Xa plasma levels reached were 0.55 and 0.94 anti-Xa units/ml midway dialysis respectively. All 110 dialysis procedures were successfully performed without clotting or bleeding complications. Analysis of the number of clotted hollow-fibres within the dialysers showed a slight statistically calculated advantage in favour of heparin. Clinically no difference was detected. In conclusion, the heparinoid seems to be a good alternative means of anticoagulation in haemodialysis. As it is administered as a single i.v. pre-dialysis injection it will simplify the dialysis procedure.
Comparison of Platelet Interaction with Subendothelium of Human Renal and Umbilical Arteries and the Extracellular Matrix Produced by Human Venous Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sakariassen Kjell S , Banga Jan Dirk , de Groot Philip G , Sixma Jan J
Published: August 2018

Platelet interaction with subendothelium of human renal and umbilical arteries and with the extracellular matrix produced by cultured human venous endothelial cells was compared in flowing citrated blood by using an annular and a rectangular perfusion chamber.

The renal arteries were post mortem specimens from adults showing, often pronounced, intimal fibrosis, whereas the umbilical arteries had well organized parallel arranged smooth muscle cells, without elastic membranes. The extracellular matrix obtained after removal of endothelial cells with Triton X-100 was homogenously attached to its substratum.

Significantly more platelets adhered to the extracellular matrix than to the subendothelia. This discrepancy was most pronounced in reconstituted blood with plasma from a patient with homozygous severe von Willebrand’s disease (subtype III). No differences in platelet adherence and platelet aggregate formation were noted between the subendothelia. Platelet aggregate formation was poor on all surfaces.

These data indicate that the extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells is at least as reactive for the interaction with platelets as subendothelium, probably partly synthesized by smooth muscle cells.
In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in the Plasma of Various Primate Species
Authors: Lijnen H R , Marafino B J , Collen D
Published: August 2018

The ratio of fibrinolytic to fibrinogenolytic effect of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator was investigated at several concentrations in an in vitro system consisting of 125I-fibrin labeled autologous plasma clots immersed in the plasma of several different primate species. A concentration-dependent fibrinolysis was obtained in each case; however, the degree of fibrinolysis differed markedly from one primate species to the other. At a concentration of 30 IU/ml (300 ng/ml) of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator nearly complete thrombolysis was achieved within 4 hr in human plasma, in the chimpanzee, in the cynomolgus macaque, in the bonnet macaque and in the rhesus macaque. The common baboon, the olive baboon and the squirrel monkey were rather resistant to thrombolysis. In all species the thrombolysis achieved was not associated with fibrinogenolysis nor with significant decreases in plasminogen or α2-antiplasmin.
Variation in Activities of Non-Plasmin Fibrinolytic Proteinase and Plasminogen-Activator in the Lung and Spleen Induced by Bacterial Endotoxin in Rats with Special Reference to the Effects of MD-805
Authors: Okamoto U , Nagamatsu Y , Horie N , Yamamoto J , Sasaki K
Published: August 2018

The behavior of direct fibrinolytic (non-plasmin) proteinase activity and plasminogen-activator activity in the lung and spleen was investigated in rats after a single intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin, and the influence of thrombin inhibitors on the effects of the endotoxin was assessed.

The non-plasmin fibrinolytic activitiy was markedly increased following a decrease of plasminogen-activator in the lung. In addition, variations in hematological parameters, i.e. a decrease of platelet count, fibrinogen level and antithrombin III, and an increase of blood urea nitrogen and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, were induced by the injection, indicating the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

In comparative studies on the effects of the endotoxin injection and thrombin infusion, in the lung and spleen an increase of fibrinolytic proteinase activity was induced in a similar manner; the plasminogen-activator activity in the lung was decreased by the endotoxin injection but not decreased by the thrombin infusion.

In prevention studies with heparin and MD-805, the latter was found to prevent the decrease of either fibrinogen or platelet count. However, the former failed to prevent the decrease of platelet count although that of the fibrinogen level was prevented. Heparin and MD-805 exerted no preventive effect on the endotoxin-induced variations of proteinase activity and plasminogen-activator activity in the lung.
Function-Preserving Multimodal Treatment for Jugular Foramen Meningiomas
Authors: Ito Seiro , Saegusa Takashi , Ozawa Yoshinori , Higuchi Yoshinori , Iwadate Yasuo , Serizawa Toru , Nagano Osamu , Kageyama Yusuke , Yamakami Iwao
Published: August 2018

Objectives Despite being pathologically benign, jugular foramen meningioma (JFM) may be locally aggressive and spread in three compartments. Because of the complex anatomical location, radical removal of JFM usually causes serious morbidity through lower cranial nerve (LCN) deficits. To accomplish long-standing tumor control with good functional outcomes, we report function-preserving multimodal treatment (FMT) for JFM, comprising the combination of intradural tumor removal with the preservation of LCN function and stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) for the residual tumor.

Materials This study investigated six JFM patients (five women, one man). Preoperatively, five patients showed no LCN sign.

Results All patients underwent function-preserving retrosigmoid intradural tumor removal, and no patient developed new LCN deficit. Three patients underwent RS for the residual tumor at 8 to 12 months after surgery. After RS, all three tumors were controlled. No patients showed tumor recurrence or new LCN deficits in the follow-up period (2 months to 8 years).

Conclusion FMT for JFMs can accomplish long-standing tumor control with excellent functional outcomes.
What Happens after Kasai for Biliary Atresia? A European Multicenter Survey
Authors: Wong Zeng , Davenport Mark
Published: August 2018

Aim Biliary atresia (BA) remains a rare disease in Europe with an estimated incidence of 1 in 15–20,000 livebirths. While the Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is regarded as the standard operation for BA, there is no consensus on optimum adjuvant therapy. We sought to determine the variation in therapy and opinion in centers known to have an interest in pediatric hepatobiliary surgery across Europe.

Methods A survey of current pre- and postoperative practice was circulated to surgeons and centers known to have an interest in BA. Data are quoted as median (range).

Results There were 19 completed center forms from 12 different countries. Annual (new) caseload varied with 10 centers reported seeing ≤5 patients/year and 4 centers >15 patients/year. The distribution of BA variants was isolated BA (80 [60–100]%), syndromic BA (10 [3–35]%), cystic BA (5 [1–15]%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive BA (5 [0–15]% (CMV serology only formally tested in 16 centers). The commonest age group at KPE was 51 to 60 days (n = 8). All centers performed an exclusively open KPE, although one used laparoscopy for diagnosis. A steroid-based postoperative regimen was used in 11/19 (58%) centers, but with marked variation in dose and duration. Commonest perioperative antibiotics were a combination of piperacillin-tazocin (n = 7) and gentamicin (n = 8). Oral prophylactic antibiotics, with varying duration (4–52 weeks) were used in 13/19 (68%) centers. If CMV serology was positive, seven centers would treat with specific antiviral therapy. Other postoperative medication included ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (n = 19), phenobarbitone (n = 4), and cholestyramine (n = 2). Self-declared clearance of jaundice in centers varied from 30 to 40% (n = 3) to > 60% (n = 5).

Conclusion All surveyed European centers continue to perform an exclusively open KPE, but there is no consensus on a standard adjuvant drug regimen. Self-declared outcome post-KPE also appears to be variable though the reasons are obscure.
Infants Born to Mothers with Clinical Chorioamnionitis: A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator and Prolonged Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Ayrapetyan Marina , Carola David , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Bhandari Vineet , Aghai Zubair
Published: August 2018

Objective To evaluate variations in practice for the management of neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis.

Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional survey consisting of 10 multiple choice questionnaires distributed to 2,900 members of the Perinatal Section of American Academy of Pediatrics. Variations in responses were assessed and compared between the various groups.

Results A total of 682 members (23.5%) completed the survey; 169 (24.8%) indicated that they use the neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk calculator for the management of neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis. More respondents from the western region of United States and level III units are using the EOS risk calculator compared with the south and level II units. Approximately 44% of the respondents indicated that they will not stop antibiotics at 48 to 72 hours in asymptomatic neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis with negative blood culture if the complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are abnormal.

Conclusion A large number of practitioners are using the neonatal EOS risk calculator for neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis. Despite a clear guideline from the Committee on Fetus and Newborn, almost 44% will treat healthy-appearing neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis with a prolonged course of antibiotics solely for abnormal CBC or CRP.
10 Years' Experience in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Pradhan Akhilesh , Patel Radhika , Said A. , Upadhyaya Manasvi
Published: August 2018

Introduction Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is uncommon in children. Diagnosis of the condition is almost always clinical and supported by histology. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of children undergoing circumcision for BXO and explore the correlation between surgical and histological findings.

Materials and Methods A 10-year retrospective review (2007–2017) of all children, aged 16 and less, undergoing circumcision at a tertiary teaching hospital was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.

Results BXO occurred in 91/1025 (8.9%) children. The highest incidence of BXO was in the 5 to 10 age group (13.3%; p < 0.0001). The commonest symptom was foreskin scarring (62.6%). Intraoperatively, involvement of foreskin alone was seen in 26.4%, foreskin and meatus in 47.2%, and foreskin, meatus, and glans in 26.4%. Preoperatively, 24.2% of patients were prescribed steroid cream. Histologically, all patients showed microscopic changes confirming BXO. A total of 87.9% of patients only had a circumcision, and 11% required a meatal procedure along with the circumcision. Postoperatively, 19.8% of patients required a further procedure after an average duration of 5.8 months (range: 2–12 months); the majority of whom (83.3%) were prescribed postoperative steroid cream.

Conclusion Clinical correlation by surgeons has a high degree of accuracy (>90%). Meatal involvement is more common than previously reported. The use of pre- or postoperative steroids does not obviate the need for further surgical procedures. Patients can have recurrent symptoms 1 year following surgery, and prolonged follow-up is necessary.
Cervical Ripening Using Foley Balloon with or without Oxytocin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gallagher Lauren , Gardner Benjamin , Rahman Mahbubur , Schoen Corina , Connolly Katherine , Hankins Gary , Saade George , Saad Antonio
Published: August 2018

Objective To assess available evidence regarding the use of oxytocin in conjunction with Foley balloon (FB) for cervical ripening.

Methods Databases from MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1980—May 12, 2017), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1980—June 30, 2017), the Cochrane Library Controlled Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science were queried for studies on FB cervical ripening with or without oxytocin in pregnant women. Search terms included: “balloon dilatation” OR “mechanical methods” OR “mechanical method” OR “mechanical dilation” OR “mechanical dilatation” OR “mechanical dilations” OR “mechanical dilatations” OR “balloon” OR “Foley” AND “Pitocin” OR “oxytocin.” All relevant references were reviewed. Literature for inclusion and methodological quality were reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Results Out of 344 citations, six randomized clinical trials (1,133 patients) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled estimate showed that the cesarean delivery (CD) rate did not differ (relative risk [RR]: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.76–1.10]; p = 0.23) between patients who underwent preinduction cervical ripening with FB alone versus those who received oxytocin in addition to FB. Heterogeneity was not significant among studies (I
2 0.0%; p = 0.64). Furthermore, no differences in other outcomes such as composite and maternal outcomes were detected between these two groups. Compared with simultaneous use of oxytocin with FB, the Foley alone cervical ripening group had a longer induction to delivery time, and lower deliveries within 12 and 24 hours. Subgroup analysis showed that only multiparous women in the Foley alone group had lower rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours (RR: 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89], p = 0.002) along with a trend toward higher CD rates.

Conclusion Adding oxytocin to FB at the time of preinduction cervical ripening does not reduce cesarean rates nor improve maternal or neonatal outcomes. Multiparous women who received FB alone seem to have lower rates of vaginal deliveries within 24 hours, but these results should be interpreted with caution.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Vasa Previa: Outpatient versus Inpatient Management
Authors: Sibai Baha , Ilan Hadas , Katz Sharon , Schushan Eisen Irit , Kassif Eran , Yoeli Rakefet , Yinon Yoav , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Fishel Bartal Michal
Published: August 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome of two different management strategies: outpatient versus inpatient in women with prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center. Women with a prenatally diagnosed vasa previa between January 2007 and June 2017 were included. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between two management strategies: elective admission at 34 weeks of gestation or outpatient management unless there were signs of labor or premature contractions.

Results A total of 109 women met the inclusion criteria: 75 (68.8%) women in the inpatient group and 34 (31.2%) in the outpatient group. Women in the inpatient group were more likely to receive antenatal steroids (57.3 vs. 26.4%, p = 0.002) and were less likely to have an urgent cesarean section (34.6 vs. 58.8%, respectively, p < 0.001) compared with outpatient group. There was no difference in the rate of neonatal complications (inpatient: 64.6% vs. outpatient: 52.7%, p = 0.27) or neonatal anemia requiring transfusion (2.7 vs. 5.8%, respectively, p = 0.5) between the groups.

Conclusion The rate of elective cesarean section and exposure to antenatal steroids was higher in patients with vasa previa who were admitted electively at 34 weeks of gestation compared with patients who were managed as outpatient.
Differential pumping requirements for the light-ion helicon source and heating systems of Proto-MPEX
Authors: Caneses J. F. , Piotrowicz P. A. , Biewer T. M. , Caughman J. B. O. , Goulding R. H. , Kafle N. , Rapp J.
Published: August 2018

The physics of electron and ion heating of high-density deuterium helicon plasmas (>3 × 1019 m−3) in the Proto-Material Plasma Exposure Experiment linear device are under investigation. Theoretical estimates indicate that for efficient heating, discharges with very low neutral gas content (≪0.1 Pa) in the heating sections are required to minimize collisional losses and charge exchange interactions with neutrals. However, this requirement is typically not compatible with the neutral gas pressures (1–2 Pa) commonly used in high-density, light-ion helicon sources. To satisfy these competing requirements, differential pumping techniques are needed. In this paper, results are presented that demonstrate the production of high-density discharges (2–6 ×1019 m−3) with very low neutral gas content (<0.01 Pa) and high degree of ionization (>75%) in the heating sections. Results indicate that the best fueling location is upstream of the plasma source. We elaborate on the key aspects that must be considered to produce these discharges: (1) fueling location, radio-frequency pulse length, and magnetic field configuration, (2) flow rate and timing of the gas injection, and (3) use of conductance-limiting elements.
Enhanced droop controller for operating parallel-connected distributed-generation inverters in a microgrid
Authors: Tayab Usman Bashir , Humayun Qazi Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Distributed generation (DG) is gaining popularity because of prevalent environmental issues and the need for better power quality. To address these concerns, the microgrid was introduced to utilize DG. Inverter controls are essential for improving power quality because DG units are connected to a grid through an inverter. In this paper, an enhanced droop control technique is proposed to properly operate parallel-connected inverters in an AC microgrid. The proposed control strategy is based on the droop control technique, which utilizes locally measurable feedback signals. The droop control method is used for power sharing because of the absence of critical communication links among parallel-connected inverters. The transient response of the conventional droop control of power sharing is slow, and its frequency and voltage deviations are high. These factors limit accurate power sharing among parallel-connected inverters. The enhanced droop control is introduced to mitigate this problem, through which the trade-off between voltage regulation and reactive power sharing decreases significantly. In addition, the proposed method improves the transient response and achieves higher output power without voltage and frequency deviations. The results indicate that the desired transient response and accurate reactive power sharing with the line impedance mismatch are achieved. The simulation results are analyzed using MATLAB/Simlink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Fundamentals and applications of optomechanically induced transparency
Authors: Xiong Hao , Wu Ying
Published: August 2018

Cavity optomechanical systems have been shown to exhibit an analogon to atomic electromagnetically induced transparency that a transmission window for the propagation of the probe field is induced by a strong control field when the resonance condition is met. Sharp transmission features controlled by the control laser beam enable many applications ranging from force sensors to quantum communication. In recent years, there has been significant progress in both theoretical and experimental studies of this phenomenon, driven by the development of nanophotonics as well as the improvement of nano-fabrication techniques. Optomechanically induced transparency has been found to manifest in numerous different physical mechanisms, e.g., nonlinear optomechanically induced transparency, double optomechanically induced transparency, parity-time symmetric optomechanically induced transparency, and optomechanically induced transparency in various hybrid optomechanical systems, etc. These results offer a pathway towards an integrated quantum optomechanical memory, show the utility of these chip-scale optomechanical systems for optical buffering, amplification, and filtering of microwave-over-optical signals, and may be applicable to modern optical networks and future quantum networks. Here, we systematically review the latest research progress on the fundamentals and applications of optomechanically induced transparency. Perspectives and opportunities on future developments are also provided by focusing on several promising topics.
Complementary operational research for a hydro-wind-solar hybrid power system on the upper Jinsha River
Authors: Zhu Yanmei , Chen Shijun , Huang Weibin , Wang Li , Ma Guangwen
Published: August 2018

The hydro-wind-solar hybrid power system of interest is in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River and is composed of the Gangtuo hydropower station, the Wanjiashan solar power station in Yanbian, and the Dechang wind farm. An analysis of the output characteristics of the three stations in the system is carried out. Based on a quantitative analysis of the output complementarity over a year (using a method of Pearson correlation) and a qualitative analysis of the output complementarity in a day, a mode of complementary operation is presented in this paper. On this basis, a real-time model is built using Visual BASIC and used to carry out complementary operational research. As a result, we ascertain the mode of reservoir operation required for a given total load on the power grid, wind power, and solar output. The research reveals the complementarity between the monthly and hourly energy outputs of pairs of the three kinds of energy sources. The complementarity between hydropower and wind power is found to be better than that between hydropower and solar power. Transmitting hydro, wind, and solar power together not only lowers the impact of negative factors but can also improve the efficiency of the energy delivery channels. This may help mitigate the impact on the environment and optimise the energy structure.
Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of melt-spun ribbons of Fe2XAl (X = Co, Ni) Heusler compounds
Authors: Saito Tetsuji , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke
Published: August 2018

The magnetic properties and thermoelectric properties of two Heusler compounds, the Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl phases, were investigated. The Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl compounds were ferromagnetic at room temperature and showed high saturation magnetization of 135 emu/g for the Fe2CoAl compound and 116 emu/g for the Fe2NiAl compound. Both compounds exhibited a high Curie temperature of around 1000 K. It was found that these compounds showed low electrical resistivity of less than 6.0 μΩm at room temperature. Thermoelectric measurements revealed that these compounds had negative Seebeck coefficients of −20 μV/K for the Fe2CoAl compound and −15 μV/K for the Fe2NiAl compound at room temperature.
A low Reynolds number flow and heat transfer topology of a cylinder in a wake
Authors: Zafar Farhan , Alam Md. Mahbub
Published: August 2018

The flow and heat transfer topology of an isothermal cylinder (diameter D) in the wake of another smaller (diameter d) cylinder is numerically investigated for a spacing ratio of L/d = 5.5 and at a Reynolds number of 200. The governing Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved using the finite volume method. The focus is given on how the size of the upstream cylinder influences the flow and heat transfer topology around the downstream cylinder when the diameter ratio d/D is varied from 0.15 to 1.0. The upstream-cylinder shear layers for d/D < 0.3 reattach on the downstream cylinder and shed vortices behind it. They for 0.3 ≤ d/D ≤ 1.0, on the other hand, shed vortices in the gap, and the wake of the downstream cylinder features a primary vortex street followed by a secondary vortex street. The primary street evolves into the secondary street through merging and isolated-shedding processes. The arrival of a gap vortex on the front surface of the downstream cylinder generates an impulse that has the greatest impact on the heat transfer. The surface-averaged heat transfer enhances when d/D is decreased from 1.0 to 0.4, and it declines for a further decrease in d/D. The enhancement in heat transfer is ascribed to an increased shear layer velocity, reduced wake-recirculation size, and enhanced recirculation strength. A novel tertiary frequency in heat transfer fluctuation is identified. The correlation between the flow and heat transfer fluctuation at the tertiary frequency is explicatively done through first Fourier transform and wavelet analysis.