bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Enhanced 3D Chemical Mapping of Biological Specimens at Near‐Atomic Resolution
Authors: Adineh Vahid R. , Zheng Changxi , Zhang Qianhui , Marceau Ross K. W. , Liu Boyin , Chen Yu , Si Kae J. , Weyland Matthew , Velkov Tony , Cheng Wenlong , Li Jian , Fu Jing
Published: June 2018

The direct imaging of individual atoms within the cellular context holds great potential for understanding the fundamental physical and chemical processes in organisms. Here, a novel approach for imaging of electrically insulated biological cells by introducing a graphene encapsulation approach to “disguise” the low‐conductivity barrier is reported. Upon successful coating using a water‐membrane‐based protocol, the electrical properties of the graphene enable voltage pulsing field evaporation for atom probe tomography (APT). Low conductive specimens prepared from both Au nanoparticles and antibiotic‐resistant bacterial cells have been tested. For the first time, a significant graphene‐enhanced APT mass resolving power is also observed confirming the improved compositional accuracy of the 3D data. The introduction of 2D materials encapsulation lays the foundation for a breakthrough direction in specimen preparation from nanomembrane and nanoscale biological architectures for subsequent 3D near‐atomic characterization.
mRNA Delivery System for Targeting Antigen‐Presenting Cells In Vivo
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Guerra‐Rebollo Marta , Ángel Lázaro Miguel , Castells‐Sala Cristina , Meca‐Cortés Oscar , Ramos‐Pérez Victor , Cascante Anna , Rubio Núria , Blanco Jerónimo , Borrós Salvador
Published: June 2018

The encapsulation of mRNA in nanosystems as gene vaccines for immunotherapy purposes has experienced an exponential increase in recent years. Despite the many advantages envisaged within these approaches, their application in clinical treatments is still limited due to safety issues. These issues can be attributed, in part, to liver accumulation of most of the designed nanosystems and to the inability to transfect immune cells after an intravenous administration. In this context, this study takes advantage of the known versatile properties of the oligopeptide end‐modified poly (β‐amino esters) (OM‐PBAEs) to complex mRNA and form discrete nanoparticles. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the selection of the appropriate end‐oligopeptide modifications enables the specific targeting and major transfection of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in vivo, after intravenous administration, thus enabling their use for immunotherapy strategies. Therefore, with this study, it can be confirmed that OM‐PBAE are appropriate systems for the design of mRNA‐based immunotherapy approaches aimed to in vivo transfect APCs and trigger immune responses to fight either tumors or infectious diseases.
Robust Expandable Carbon Nanotube Scaffold for Ultrahigh‐Capacity Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Sun Zhaowei , Jin Song , Jin Hongchang , Du Zhenzhen , Zhu Yanwu , Cao Anyuan , Ji Hengxing , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: June 2018

There has been a renewed interest in using lithium (Li) metal as an anode material for rechargeable batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity of 3860 mA h g−1. Despite extensive research, modifications to effectively inhibit Li dendrite growth still result in decreased Li loading and Li utilization. As a result, real capacities are often lower than values expected, if the total mass of the electrode is taken into consideration. Herein, a lightweight yet mechanically robust carbon nanotube (CNT) paper is demonstrated as a freestanding framework to accommodate Li metal with a Li mass fraction of 80.7 wt%. The highly conductive network made of sp2‐hybridized carbon effectively inhibits formation of Li dendrites and affords a favorable coulombic efficiency of >97.5%. Moreover, the Li/CNT electrode retains practical areal and gravimetric capacities of 10 mA h cm−2 and 2830 mA h g−1 (vs the mass of electrode), respectively, with 90.9% Li utilization for 1000 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. It is demonstrated that the robust and expandable nature is a distinguishing feature of the CNT paper as compared to other 3D scaffolds, and is a key factor that leads to the improved electrochemical performance of the Li/CNT anodes.
Fundamental Properties in Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Barak Yahel , Meir Itay , Shapiro Arthur , Jang Youngjin , Lifshitz Efrat
Published: June 2018

A multidisciplinary approach for the production and characterization of colloidal quantum dots, which show great promise for implementation in modern optoelectronic applications, is described. The approach includes the design and formation of unique core/shell structures with alloy‐composed layers between the core and the shell. Such structures eliminate interfacial defects and suppress the Auger process, thus reducing the known fluorescence blinking and endowing the quantum dots with robust chemical and spectral stability. The unique design enables the generation and sustained existence of single and multiple excitons with a defined spin‐polarized emission recombination. The studies described herein implement the use of single‐dot magneto‐optical measurements and optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for direct identification of interfacial defects and for resolving exciton fine structure. The results are of paramount importance for a fundamental understanding of optical transitions in colloidal quantum dots, with an impact on appropriate materials design for practical applications.
Ultrathin CsPbX3 Nanowire Arrays with Strong Emission Anisotropy
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Liyun , Shang Qiuyu , Zhong Yangguang , Liu Zhen , Chen Jie , Zhang Zhepeng , Shi Jia , Du Wenna , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Shulin , Gao Peng , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Xina , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2018

1D nanowires of all‐inorganic lead halide perovskites represent a good architecture for the development of polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic devices due to their high absorption efficient, emission yield, and dielectric constants. However, among as‐fabricated perovskite nanowires with the lateral dimensions of hundreds nanometers so far, the optical anisotropy is hindered and rarely explored owing to the invalidating of electrostatic dielectric mismatch in the physical dimensions. Here, well‐aligned CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 nanowires with thickness T down to 15 and 7 nm, respectively, are synthesized using a vapor phase van der Waals epitaxial method. Strong emission anisotropy with polarization ratio up to ≈0.78 is demonstrated in the nanowires with T < 40 nm due to the electrostatic dielectric confinement. With the increasing of thickness, the polarization ratio remarkably reduces monotonously to ≈0.17 until T ≈140 nm; and further oscillates in a small amplitude owing to the wave characteristic of light. These findings not only represent a demonstration of perovskite‐based polarization‐sensitive light sources, but also advance fundamental understanding of their polarization properties of perovskite nanowires.
Visible‐Light Induced Radical Silylation for the Synthesis of Dibenzosiloles via Dehydrogenative Cyclization
Authors: Yang Chao , Wang Jing , Li Jianhua , Ma Wenchao , An Kun , He Wei , Jiang Chao
Published: June 2018

A visible‐light induced radical silylation to dibenzosiloles from biarylhydrosilanes is described. The products were obtained in satisfactory yields under mild and water/air compatible conditions, providing an efficient and practical method for the synthesis of difunctionalized siloles by using a cheap organic dye photocatalyst. The method is tolerated by a wide range of functional groups and has a broad substrate scope. Light/dark experiments and quantum yield measurements provided support for a photocatalytic pathway rather than a chain process.

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Bond−Energy−Electron Relaxation of BeN Nanoclusters and BeX Alloys
Authors: Zhou Junquan , Bo Maolin , Li Lei , Huang Zhongkai , Tian Meizi , Yao Chuang , Peng Cheng
Published: June 2018

By combining bond order‐length‐strength (BOLS) notion and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the bond−energy−electron relaxtion of BeN nanoclusters and BeX (C, S, B, Cl, Cu, Co, Te) alloys are studied. The results show that the size and shape of the Be nanoclusters will cause the binding energy (BE) shift, the local densification of electrons and quantum entrapment. Actions exemplified the atomic coordination ratio and the BE of BeX alloys can predict the quantitative information regarding the change of the bond length, local bond strain, bond energy density and atomic cohesive energy.
Origin and Perspectives of the Photochemical Activity of Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Bandosz Teresa J. , Ania Conchi O.
Published: June 2018

Even though, owing to the complexity of nanoporous carbons' structure and chemistry, the origin of their photoactivity is not yet fully understood, the recent works addressed here clearly show the ability of these materials to absorb light and convert the photogenerated charge carriers into chemical reactions. In many aspects, nanoporous carbons are similar to graphene; their pores are built of distorted graphene layers and defects that arise from their amorphicity and reactivity. As in graphene, the photoactivity of nanoporous carbons is linked to their semiconducting, optical, and electronic properties, defined by the composition and structural defects in the distorted graphene layers that facilitate the exciton splitting and charge separation, minimizing surface recombination. The tight confinement in the nanopores is critical to avoid surface charge recombination and to obtain high photochemical quantum yields. The results obtained so far, although the field is still in its infancy, leave no doubts on the possibilities of applying photochemistry in the confined space of carbon pores in various strategic disciplines such as degradation of pollutants, solar water splitting, or CO2mitigation. Perhaps the future of photovoltaics and smart‐self‐cleaning or photocorrosion coatings is in exploring the use of nanoporous carbons.
Unconventional Nickel Nitride Enriched with Nitrogen Vacancies as a High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Bin , He Bin , Peng Hui‐Qing , Zhao Yufei , Cheng Junye , Xia Jing , Shen Jianhua , Ng Tsz‐Wai , Meng Xiangmin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun
Published: June 2018

Development of high‐performance and cost‐effective non‐noble metal electrocatalysts is pivotal for the eco‐friendly production of hydrogen through electrolysis and hydrogen energy applications. Herein, the synthesis of an unconventional nickel nitride nanostructure enriched with nitrogen vacancies (Ni3N1−x) through plasma‐enhanced nitridation of commercial Ni foam (NF) is reported. The self‐supported Ni3N1−x/NF electrode can deliver a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity competitive to commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline condition (i.e., an overpotential of 55 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1), which is much superior to the stoichiometric Ni3N, and is the best among all nitride‐based HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media reported thus far. Based on theoretical calculations, it is further verified that the presence of nitrogen vacancies effectively enhances the adsorption of water molecules and ameliorates the adsorption–desorption behavior of intermediately adsorbed hydrogen, which leads to an advanced HER activity of Ni3N1−x/NF.
Production of ethylene glycol from xylose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Chae Tong Un , Choi So Young , Ryu Jae Yong , Lee Sang Yup
Published: June 2018

Ethylene glycol (EG) is an important chemical used for several industrial applications including poly(ethylene terephthalate) synthesis. In this study, Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to efficiently produce EG from xylose. To biosynthesize EG, the Dahms pathway was introduced by expressing xylBC genes from Caulobacter crescentus (xylBCccs). Various E. coli strains and glycolaldehyde reductases were screened to find E. coli W3110 strain and glycolaldehyde reductase (yqhD) as optimal combination for EG production. In silico genome‐scale metabolic simulation suggested that increasing the native xylose pathway flux, in the presence of the overexpressed Dahms pathway, is beneficial for EG production. This was achieved by reducing the Dahms pathway flux by employing a synthetic small regulatory RNA targeting xylBccs. Fed‐batch culture of the final engineered E. coli strain produced 108.2 g/L of EG in a xylose minimal medium. The yield on xylose and EG productivity were 0.36 g/g (0.87 mol/mol) and 2.25 g/L/h, respectively. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4193–4200, 2018
Incidence and prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in FDNY first responders before and after work at the World Trade Center disaster site
Authors: Webber Mayris P. , Liu Yang , Cohen Hillel W. , Schwartz Theresa , Weiden Michael D. , Kelly Kerry , Ortiz Viola , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Jaber Nadia , Colbeth Hilary L. , Prezant David J.
Published: June 2018

Background

The goals of this study were to assess the impact of work at the World Trade Center (WTC) site in relation to new, post‐9/11/2001 (9/11) antibody to hepatitis C Virus (anti‐HCV); and, evaluate secular trends in WTC‐exposed male Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders.

Methods

FDNY monitors responder health through physical exams and routine blood work. We used descriptive statistics to compare trans‐9/11 and post‐9/11 incidence and to assess trends in prevalence from 2000 to 2012.

Results

Trans‐9/11 incidence of new anti‐HCV was 0.42 per 100 persons compared with post‐9/11 incidence of 0.34 (P = 0.68). Overall seroprevalence was 1.3%; rates declined from 1.79 per 100 to 0.49 per 100 over time (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Work at the WTC was not associated with new infection. Biennial seroprevalence in responders declined over time, supporting the FDNY decision to discontinue routine annual testing in this cohort.
Effects of group size and rank on mother–infant relationships and reproductive success in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Liu Bo‐Jun , Wu Cheng‐Feng , Garber Paul A. , Zhang Peng , Li Ming
Published: June 2018

In the present study, we compared mother–infant relationships in 57 mother–infant dyads residing in two wild, semi‐provisioned (22 mother–infant dyads in 2014, 35 dyads in 2015) groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the Nanwan Nature Reserve for Rhesus Macaques, Hainan, China. We also compared reproductive success between these two groups. The ecology and provisioning regime for each group was similar. These groups differed however, in size. Group 1 contained ∼35 individuals and Group 2 contained ∼120 individuals. Data were collected over a 2‐year period (2014–2015). We found that during the birth season, mother–infant relationships in the larger group were characterized by less time in contact and more time separated than in the smaller group. Mothers in the smaller group initiated more contact and proximity with their infants. During the mating season when infants were approximately 6 months old, mother–infant relationships in the smaller group were more rejecting. We also found that birth rates were significantly higher but infant survivorship (to 1‐year‐old) was significantly lower in the smaller group. Moreover, higher‐ranking mothers in the larger group were characterized by a higher reproductive output than females of lower rank. In the smaller group, female rank did not affect reproductive output. There was, however, no clear relationship between infant survivorship and maternal rank. We hypothesize that differences in reproductive success and changes in mother–infant relationships between the birth and mating seasons reflect differences in the costs and benefits of group size: females in the larger group faced (i) higher intragroup feeding competition leading to a reduction in birth rate but also (ii) lower predation risk, resulting in higher infant survival rate compared to females in the smaller group. The results of this study point to the tradeoffs that primate females face in living in smaller and larger social groups.
Dual‐Function Cobalt–Nickel Nanoparticles Tailored for High‐Temperature Induction‐Heated Steam Methane Reforming
Authors: Vinum Morten G. , Almind Mads R. , Engbæk Jakob S. , Vendelbo Søren B. , Hansen Mikkel F. , Frandsen Cathrine , Bendix Jesper , Mortensen Peter M.
Published: June 2018

The tailored chemical synthesis of binary and ternary alloy nanoparticles with a uniform elemental composition is presented. Their dual use as magnetic susceptors for induction heating and catalytic agent for steam reforming of methane to produce hydrogen at temperatures near and above 800 °C is demonstrated. The heating and catalytic performance of two chemically synthesized samples of CoNi and Cu⊂CoNi are compared and held against a traditional Ni‐based reforming catalyst. The structural, magnetic, and catalytic properties of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, magnetometry, and reactivity measurements. For induction‐heated catalysts, the conversion rate of methane is limited by chemical reactivity, as opposed to the case of traditional externally heated reformers where heat transport limitations are the limiting factor. Catalyst production by the synthetic route allows controlled doping with miniscule concentrations of auxiliary metals.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Heck Reactions: Convenient Access to 3,3‐Disubstituted 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Xu Bing , Qian Yanyan , Wu Lizuo , Wu Yuanqi , Zhou Lujia , Liu Yu , Zhang Junliang
Published: June 2018

The first example of highly enantioselective intramolecular hydroarylation of allyl aryl ethers was realized by palladium‐catalyzed reductive heck reactions utilizing a new chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligand (N‐Me‐XuPhos). N‐Me‐XuPhos can be easily prepared on gram scale from readily available starting materials in a one‐pot synthesis approach. A series of optically active 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans bearing a quaternary stereocenter were obtained in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The practicality of this reaction was validated in the straightforward synthesis of CB2 receptor agonists. Moreover, deuterium was efficiently incorporated into the products.
Versatile One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopent‐2‐enimines from α,β‐Unsaturated Amides: Imino‐Nazarov Reaction
Authors: Fan Ting , Wang Ao , Li Jia‐Qi , Ye Jian‐Liang , Zheng Xiao , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: June 2018

The imino‐Nazarov cyclization of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines was realized. To this aim, a one‐pot procedure involving reductive alkenyliminylation of α,β‐unsaturated secondary amides with potassium organotrifluoroborates, followed by acid‐catalyzed imino‐Nazarov cyclization of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imine intermediates, was studied systematically. This mild, operationally simple, flexible, and high‐yielding protocol efficiently affords polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines, cyclopentenimines, and α‐amino cyclopentenones, which are useful scaffolds in organic synthesis. The substituent effect at the C2 position of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines was studied by means of density‐functional theory calculations. Results suggested that the electron‐donating group facilitates the imino‐Nazarov cyclization process.
A Deprotonation Approach to the Unprecedented Amino‐Trimethylenemethane Chemistry: Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Synthesis of Complex Amino Cycles
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Wang Youliang
Published: June 2018

The first realization of the amino‐trimethylenemethane chemistry is reported using a deprotonation strategy to simplify the synthesis of the amino‐trimethylenemethane donor in two steps from commercial and inexpensive materials. A broad scope of cycloaddition acceptors (seven different classes) participated in the chemistry, chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectively generating various types of highly valuable complex amino cycles. Multiple derivatization reactions that further elaborated the initial amino cycles were performed without isolation of the crude product. Ultimately, we applied the amino‐trimethylenemethane chemistry to synthesize a potential pharmaceutical in 8 linear steps and 7.5 % overall yield, which previously was achieved in 18 linear steps and 0.6 % overall yield.
The use of starch‐modified magnetic Fe0 nanoparticles for naphthalene adsorption from water samples: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Malekzadeh Maryam , Nejaei Arezoo , Baneshi Mohammad Mehdi , Kokhdan Esmaeel Panahi , Bardania Hassan
Published: June 2018

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of starch‐modified magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of naphthalene, which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon present in the majority of water sediments, from water resources. Magnetic Fe0 nanoparticles have recently been considered because of their high efficiency for contaminant removal. In the present study, Fe0 nanoparticles were synthesized using sulfate method and starch was used as a stabilizer. The size of the Fe0 nanoparticles was measured as approximately 45 nm using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The removal efficiency of naphthalene from water using the nanoparticles was evaluated based on various factors including the viscosity of naphthalene dissolved in water, and operation factors such as nanoparticle dosage, contact time, initial naphthalene concentration and pH in non‐continuous reactors were optimized. The results revealed that the starch‐modified nanoparticles have high efficiency for removal of dissolved naphthalene from aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, more than 99% of naphthalene at a pH of 5.0 with nanoparticle dosage of 0.05 g was removed from aqueous solution in 5 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were interpreted in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and the goodness of fit was inspected using linear regression analysis. Our results indicated that the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity was best fitted, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Moreover, it was found that the adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In addition, a thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process of naphthalene from aqueous solution by the starch‐modified nanoparticles was spontaneous and exothermic.
Acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Zuo Shiyu , Xu Haiming , Liao Wei , Sun Lei , Han Donghui , Zan Jie , Zhang Binyang , Li Dongya , Xia Dongsheng
Published: June 2018

Acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O was prepared by hydrothermal reduction followed by high temperature calcination and acid exfoliation. The structures and properties of as‐synthesized samples were characterized using a range of techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation. Based on the results of TEM, XPS, EPR and other techniques, it was verified that a heterojunction was formed. The acid treatment process can increase the specific surface area to form abundant heterojunction interfaces as channels for photo‐generated carrier separation, thereby enhancing its light utilization and quantum efficiency. Results indicate that acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O possesses a large specific surface area, which provides plentiful activated sites for heterojunctions to form; in addition, it showed a high visible light effect and the minimum charge‐transfer resistance. Furthermore, the g‐C3N4‐Cu2O material exhibits high levels of effectiveness and stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance and a series of radical trapping experiments demonstrate that the holes and •O2− could be the main active species in methyl orange photodegradation. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of composite materials as high‐performance photocatalysts, and facilitate their application in addressing environmental protection issues.
Anthracene Substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines; Preparations, Investigation of Catalytical and Electrochemical Behaviors
Authors: Saka Ece Tugba , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Caglar Yasemin
Published: June 2018

An approach to investigation of catalytical behaviors of Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines is reported that is based on changing any parameter to effect these behaviors. Towards this end, new anthracene substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines were prepared and characterized spectroscopic methods. New cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthalocyanines were used as catalyst for oxidation of different phenolic compounds (such as 2,3‐dichlorophenol, 4‐methoxyphenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol) with different oxidants. Then, electrochemical characterization of cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthallocyanines were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Although copper (II) phthalocyanine showed similar Pc based electron transfer processes, cobalt (II) phthalocyanine showed metal and ligand based reduction reactions as expected.
Effect of phosphotungstic acid blending on properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)–poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked membranes
Authors: Kumari Mamta , Sodaye Hemant S. , Bindal Ramesh C.
Published: June 2018

This study shows the effect of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) blended into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crosslinked membrane on the membrane's electrochemical and mechanical properties. The PWA weight percentage was varied from 0 to 50%. All of the membranes were equilibrated with water at room temperature (27 °C) and elevated temperature (60 °C), and their properties were investigated. A scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray was used to ascertain the tungsten concentration remaining in the membrane after water treatment. A systematic decrease in tungsten concentration was seen with the increase in the initial PWA percentage. The membrane blended with 10% PWA showed the best properties, having the highest conductivity (0.11 S cm−1), mechanical strength, and chemical stability. Membranes with 10% PWA and without PWA were studied in a H2/O2 fuel cell. The membrane blended with 10% PWA gave 33% more power density than the membrane without PWA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46667.
Meeting in the space between us
Authors: Finnane Kieran
Published: June 2018

Alice Springs can be described as a “contact zone”, where power relations are highly asymmetrical but at the same time there are spaces for alternative possibilities. This paper looks first at examples of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people striving to be in community with one another, a community situated in the space between us, where we must go to meet and endeavor to recognize one another. It also looks at examples of Aboriginal people seeking to be seen and heard in court, demanding recognition, and the way this has played out in the context of serious criminal trials and community reaction to them. In our contact zone in the foreseeable future the push and pull between oppressive, damaging forces and transformative ones will continue. Bringing to the fore the latter, recognizing them, will surely help shift the balance.
Research into Establishing an Aboriginal Men's Shed within the Central Australian Region
Authors: Lechleitner Pangarta Kenneth
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the work of the Kurruna Mwarre Ingkintja – Good Spirit Males Place – Men's Shed Research Project. Aboriginal men have been the subject of much research, however it is rare for them to control how the research is conducted or what subsequently happens with research findings. The Men's Shed Research Project recognizes the “whispered” position of the men, how they “lose their voice” in the legal system and how they “suffer in silence.” Helping the men to regain their voice is having positive outcomes and has led to the development of a Male Leadership Group, the establishment of Blokes on Track Corporation and development of plans to teach “cultural civics” to empower Aboriginal men to live successfully in two worlds.
The Legal and Political Journey to Recognition
Authors: Dreyfus Mark
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses recognition from the legal and political perspective, particularly in relation to a referendum on amending Australia's constitution to recognize Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It reflects on the significant changes in thinking from the time when Europeans had arrived in Australia, declared the land “terra nullius” and the constitution was written based on this premise. Since 1901, only eight of 44 changes that were put to Australians via referendum have been successful. The difficulty faced by the “Recognize” campaign is discussed in this light, as well as the need for strong, bi‐partisan political leadership and a groundswell of community support in order to deliver a positive outcome for a referendum.
Constitutional Recognition
Authors: Dodson Patrick
Published: June 2018

This paper reflects on the politics of recognition, past and present, and the power of politics to determine outcomes for Indigenous people. Significant milestones in nationwide recognition of Aboriginal people include the 1967 referendum and the 2008 apology to the “Stolen Generations” of Aboriginal people by then Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. The author conveys the significance of these events in creating a spirit of hope and of making visible a people whose lack of recognition had made them invisible. The author argues that recognition must be based on truth, healing and justice and must be supported by meaningful recognition and involvement of Indigenous people in the creation of public policy that affects them directly. Ultimately concluding that constitutional recognition must send the message to Indigenous Australians that they are a valued, unique part of Australian society and acknowledge the Australian people want to deal with the division and discord of the past.
What Happens When You Tell Somebody Else's Story?
Authors: Wright Alexis
Published: June 2018

Who writes about Aboriginal people, and what effect that has upon Aboriginal people and the national narrative about Aboriginal people are explored in this paper, which is comprised of key excerpts from an award‐winning longer essay I have written. While we are all collectively the inheritors and generators of the country's psyche and national narrative, the absence of recognition has effectively silenced Aboriginal people from contributing their own story to this narrative.
Unprecedented Acid‐Promoted Polymerization and Gelation of Acrylamide: A Serendipitous Discovery
Authors: Chan Siew Yin , Goh Shermin S. , Dou Qingqing , Chan Benjamin Qi Yu , Choo Wee Sim , Young David James , Loh Xian Jun
Published: June 2018

Dilute acid polymerizes degassed, aqueous acrylamide with concomitant gelation, without the need for added free radical initiator or cross‐linking agent. This reaction is accelerated by sonication or UV irradiation, but inhibited by adventitious oxygen or the addition of a free radical inhibitor, suggesting an acid‐accelerated free radical process. The resulting hydrogels are thixotropic in nature and partially disrupted by the addition of chaotropic agents, indicating the importance of hydrogen bonding to the 3D network. This discovery was made while trying to prepare pectin‐polyacrylamide hydrogels. We observed that pectin initiated the gelation of acrylamide, but only if the aqueous pectin samples had a pH lower than ca. 5.
The impact of parental young onset dementia on children and young people's educational careers
Authors: Sikes Pat , Hall Melanie
Published: June 2018

It is well established that having a parent with any illness or disability can have an adverse effect on individuals’ experiences of education and on their educational progress. Advances in medical knowledge are leading to more people under 65 being diagnosed with young onset dementias and, concomitantly, to more children and young people who are in education having a parent with this diagnosis. Hardly any research has asked these young people directly about their experiences, but the limited evidence suggests that there will likely be significant emotional, mental and psychological damage with enduring impact on their lives. This article, drawing on findings from a unique narrative, auto/biographical study involving 24 British 6 to 31‐year‐olds, focuses on the consequences of parental young onset dementia for educational careers. These dementias are untimely progressive terminal illnesses with unpredictable trajectories and timelines, throughout the course of which physical, cognitive and emotional functions and abilities are inexorably lost. Participants’ experiences show that living with a parent with young onset dementia, whilst negotiating the education system, can be extremely hard. Difficulties are exacerbated by the condition's distinctive characteristics, the current lack of any cure and anticipatory, pre‐death grief. Lack of public awareness and understanding, both of young onset dementias and of dedicated resources and support services, also result in many feeling isolated and ignored. We make suggestions for positive provision and actions that educational institutions can make to begin to meet the particular needs of these young people.
Embrace enterprise risk management approach to add value, keep up with changing times
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2018

Judging by the new and emerging risks throughout higher education, risk management has become a more pressing issue than ever before. That's according to Jean Demchak, managing director and global education leader at Marsh LLC, a risk management firm; and Luke Figora, assistant vice president of the Office of Risk Management at Northwestern University and president‐elect of the University Risk Management and Insurance Association. They spoke at Stetson University's National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
Was student wrongfully dismissed because of her pregnancy?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: June 2018

Even though she was subject to dismissal, first‐year Midwestern University medical student Ayesha Khan was placed on academic probation after she failed three out of 16 courses in 2010.
Unexplained pancytopenia in acute myeloid leukemia treatment
Authors: Ezekwudo Daniel , Lupak Oleksandra , Vaddepally Raju , Gbadamosi Bolanle , Kuriakose Philip
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Certain histopathological findings have been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients during treatment that define the hematologic outcomes. Such entities as bone marrow necrosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis have been reported. These often result in severe pancytopenia.
Apexification in a mandibular first molar with a middle mesial canal
Authors: Quiñones Pedraza Jesús Alejandro , Flores Treviño Jorge Jaime , Cruz Fierro Norma , González Meléndez Rosalva , Elizondo Elizondo José , Zavala Vargas Larissa Argentina , De La Rosa Moreno Daniel Alberto
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Apexification procedures have been widely used to treat teeth with incomplete root development and pulp necrosis. The middle mesial canal (MMC) is an anatomical variation and in most cases represents a challenge during endodontic treatments. In this article, a favorable outcome is reported after apexification in a molar with MMC.
Emergency clamshell thoracotomy in blunt trauma resuscitation: Shelling the paradigm‐2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Schober Patrick , de Leeuw Marcel A. , Terra Maartje , Loer Stephan A. , Schwarte Lothar A.
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Clamshell thoracotomy (CST) may be indicated and life‐saving in carefully selected cases of blunt trauma. As such, the current clinical stance of general contraindication of CST in blunt trauma should be reviewed and criteria developed to accommodate select cases, considering the diversity of injuries resulting from blunt trauma.
Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using Carbon‐Doped Amorphous Titanium Oxide
Authors: Wang Peng , Yin Guoheng , Bi Qingyuan , Huang Xieyi , Du Xianlong , Zhao Wei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: June 2018

CO2‐related solar to chemical conversions have gained extensive interest due to the great concerns on renewable energy utilization. Here, we have demonstrated a new synthetic route to C‐doped amorphous titanium oxide using a facile citric acid assisted sol‐gel method for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The synthesized amorphous material exhibits a mesoporous structure with high specific surface area and a significantly narrowed band gap of 2.1 eV, which are crucial for solar light harvesting and adsorption/chemical activation of CO2 for energy transformation. The amorphization, mesoporous structure, and the band structure of the C‐doped samples were also successfully tuned by controlling the annealing temperatures. The optimized catalyst annealed at 300 °C shows the highest specific surface area, favorable visible‐light response as well as the considerable performance for CO2 photoreduction. Moreover, the further treatment of Al reduction can induce numerous surface oxygen vacancies on the amorphous sample and thus efficiently restrain the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Of significant importance is that the Al‐reduced catalyst achieves excellent performance with the space‐time yield of CH4 and CO of 4.1 and 2.5 μmol g−1 h−1 for solar light, and 0.53 and 0.63 μmol g−1 h−1 for visible light, respectively. This sample is also stable for photocatalytic CO2 transformation.
An Acid Stable Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the O−H Insertion Reaction of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wang Yingxia , Cui Hao , Zhang Li , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: June 2018

Although metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used in many reactions, their applications in acid involved reactions are limited due to their instability in acid environment. As a stable MOF, the Ir(III)‐porphyrin metal‐organic framework of the formula [(Hf6(μ3‐O)8(OH)2(H2O)10)2(Ir(TCPP)Cl)3]⋅solvents (Ir‐PMOF‐1(Hf)) can sustain its structure upon treatments in different pH (0–11) aqueous solutions. In this work, Ir‐PMOF‐1(Hf) has been examined in the O−H insertion reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds. Catalytic results show that as low as 0.042 mol % of Ir‐PMOF‐1(Hf) can promote the acid O−H insertion with the maximum turn over number (TON) of 1381, and furthermore, it can be recycled and reused for 10 runs, suggesting that Ir‐PMOF‐1(Hf) is efficient for this acid involved reaction. Ir‐PMOF‐1(Hf) can also be miniaturized to nano scale (diameter range of 400–500 nm), and a large improvement with regards to TON (8400) can be observed in its catalysis.
Hydrogen Production from Pure Water via Piezoelectric‐assisted Visible‐light Photocatalysis of CdS Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Zhao Yan , Fang Zhi‐Bin , Feng Wenhui , Wang Kaiqiang , Huang Xueyan , Liu Ping
Published: June 2018

Visible‐light‐driven H2 production from pure water is highly promising but unfortunately inefficient. Herein, for the first time, we report the realization of pure‐water‐splitting H2 production under visible‐light irradiation via single‐component CdS without any cocatalysts, employing a piezoelectric‐photocatalysis strategy. Wurtzite CdS nanorod arrays that combine piezoelectric and visible‐light photocatalytic properties was in‐situ assembled on FTO substrates to harvest both solar energy and ultrasonic vibration energy in water. The ultrasound‐induced piezoelectric field in CdS drives the separation of photo‐generated charge carriers, leading to more facile water‐splitting for H2 evolution than that under visible‐light irradiation alone. The CdS nanorod arrays achieves a high H2 production rate of 20 μL.h−1 under optimized coupling field, which is much higher than that of unsupported samples. This work demonstrates the capability of piezoelectric photocatalysts to simultaneously convert visible light energy and acoustic energy into hydrogen energy, which may break a new ground for the design of energy‐conversion materials towards harvesting discrete ambient energy in urban environment.
Dependence of Morphology, Dispersion and Hydrodesulfurization Performance of Active Phases in NiMo/SBA‐15 on Loading Method
Authors: Yuan Pei , Guo Yan , Li Xiaoling , Yue Yuanyuan , Zhu Haibo , Wang Tinghai , Bai Zhengshuai , Bao Xiaojun
Published: June 2018

With the aim of exploring the dependence of morphology, dispersion and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of active phases over SBA‐15 on loading method, four NiMo/SBA‐15 catalysts have been prepared by two different Mo introduction strategies with varying MoO3 contents (13 and 19 wt.% in each approach, respectively). One of the approaches is the conventional incipient wetness impregnation (IM) and the other is a new‐proposed Mo‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid nanocrystals as the precursor with hydrothermal‐assisted (HA) loading method. The results show that metal species are severely aggregated at a high concentration by IM method, leading to the poorly distributed MoS2 slabs with large sizes and ultra‐high stacking layers. While in case of the HA approach, the organic molecules surrounding the Mo species can isolate Mo species effectively to prevent them from aggregation and greatly improve the dispersion of active phases, even at high MoO3 loadings. Therefore, the HDS activity is improved as increasing the amounts of MoO3 for the catalyst prepared with HA method because of the more active sites accessible to the reactants, however, HDS activity is decreased for the catalyst acquired by the IM method due to the serious metal aggregation. It is demonstrated that the HA method is favorable for the better dispersion of active phases over SBA‐15 with the help of organic molecules leading to the effective MoS2 morphology with remarkably enhanced catalytic activity, and such superiority of the HA approach is more prominent at high MoO3 loadings.
Improved Cyclohexane Oxidation Catalyzed by a Heterogenized Iron (II) Complex on Hierarchical Y Zeolite through Surfactant Mediated Technology
Authors: Van‐Dúnem Vanmira , Carvalho Ana P. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Martins Angela
Published: June 2018

The hydrotris (pyrazol‐1‐yl) methane iron (II) complex [FeCl2(Tpm)] [Tpm=HC(C3N2H3)3] was successfully immobilized, by the incipient wetness impregnation method, in parent and hierarchical Y zeolite modified through surfactant mediated methodology using different bases (NH4OH, NaOH or TPAOH). The catalytic performance and recyclability of supported Fe complex was evaluated in the oxidation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone under mild conditions and two distinct behaviors were observed: using commercial Y and modified Y with NaOH the complex is anchored mainly at the outer surface of the zeolite supports, resulting in high lixiviation after the first catalytic cycle. When NH4OH and TPAOH are used during the zeolite treatments the particular textural parameters exhibited by these two supports are able to effectively retain the complex molecules, resulting in a high recyclability observed after three consecutive cycles, especially when NH4OH treated zeolite was used as support.
[Mo3S13]2− Cluster Decorated Sulfur‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers
Authors: Pham Chuyen V. , Zana Alessandro , Arenz Matthias , Thiele Simon
Published: June 2018

Non‐noble metal catalysts represent a central direction of seminal scientific research in electrocatalysis due to the high cost and scarcity of present Pt‐based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in particular. Here, we develop a novel hybrid material of [Mo3S13]2− clusters decorated sulfur doped reduced graphene oxide (Mo3S13‐SrGO) as a HER catalyst for water electrolyzers. Doped S elements act as anchor points for [Mo3S13]2− cluster attachment via forming doped S−Mo coordinate bonds, which increase stability of the hybrid catalyst as well as contribute additional active sites for the HER. SrGO supports substantially enhance the activity of the hybrid catalyst, maintaining high catalyst utilization at high loading. In standard electrochemical tests, the Mo3S13‐SrGO catalyst exhibits a Tafel slope of about 40 mV per decade and a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 174 mV overpotential, which are significantly better than those exhibited by unsupported [Mo3S13]2− clusters with a Tafel slope of 53 mV per decade and an overpotential of 244 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Further, the hybrid catalyst exhibits a good working stability in acidic media. In the form of nanostructured powder, Mo3S13‐SrGO can be readily processed into porous electrodes for practical applications using standard manufacturing technologies.
To Anion–π or not to Anion–π: The Case of Anion‐Binding to Divalent Fluorinated Pyridines in the Gas Phase
Authors: Göth Melanie , Witte Felix , Quennet Marcel , Jungk Phillip , Podolan Gabriel , Lentz Dieter , Hoffmann Waldemar , Pagel Kevin , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Paulus Beate , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: June 2018

A series of mono‐ and divalent fluorinated pyridine derivatives is investigated by electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations with respect to their capability to bind anions in the gas phase. The pyridine derivatives differ not only in valency, but also with regard to the degree of fluorination of the pyridine rings, the positions of the fluorine atoms, the rigidity of the spacers connecting the two pyridines in the divalent compounds, and the relative configuration. While the monovalent compounds did not form anion complexes, the divalent analogues exhibit anion binding even to weakly coordinating anions such as tetrafluoroborate. Three different tandem mass spectrometric experiments were applied to rank the gas‐phase binding energies: (i) collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments in a Fourier transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer on two different, simultaneously mass‐selected complexes with different receptors, (ii) determination of the collision energy required to fragment 50 % of the mass‐selected complexes in an ESI‐QToF mass spectrometer, and (iii) CID of heterodimers formed from two different, competing pyridine receptors and indigo carmine, a dianion with two identical binding sites. All three experiments result in consistent binding energy ranking. This ranking reveals surprising features, which are not in agreement with binding through anion–π interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations comparing different potential binding modes provide evidence that the ranking can instead nicely be explained, when C−H⋅⋅⋅anion interactions with the spacers are invoked. These results are supported by gas‐phase IR spectroscopy and ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) on a selected set of chloride pyridine complexes.