bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genus Rhabdomastix Skuse in Australia (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)
Authors: THEISCHINGER GÜNTHER , BILLINGHAM ZACARIAH D. , MARTIN JOHN , GROWNS IVOR
Published: August 2019

The crane fly genus Rhabdomastix Skuse, 1890 is briefly introduced, the four species hitherto known from Australia are reviewed. The male of R. tonnoirana Alexander, 1934 and the female of R. wilsoniana Alexander, 1934 are described for the first time and R. minima Alexander, 1926 is considered as nomen dubium. A further eight Australian species are described as new, their affinities and distributions are discussed. They are R. borroloola sp. nov., R. dobrotworskyi sp. nov., R. dooragana sp. nov., R. hirsuta sp. nov., R. nivalis sp. nov., R. ponticulus sp. nov., R. collessiana sp. nov., R. rosae sp. nov.  A key to the males of Australian Rhabdomastix is presented.
Branchiostegus biendong, a New Tilefish from Vietnam (Perciformes: Branchiostegidae)
Authors: HIRAMATSU WATARU , VINH CHU TIEN , ENDO HIROMITSU
Published: August 2019

A new tilefish, Branchiostegus biendong, is described on the basis of three specimens (181–209 mm in standard length [SL]) collected from a local fish market of Quy Nhon on the South China Sea coast of central Vietnam. It can be distinguished from 17 congeners in having the following combination of characters: six diagonal scale rows exposed on cheek; cheek scales moderately large (diameter 2.2–2.5% SL); predorsal ridge black; cheek almost silver with an oval-shaped, yellow blotch along ventral margin of eye; dorsal fin translucent yellowish with narrow black margin overlapping stronger yellowish coloration dorsally; upper lobe of caudal fin with 5–6 yellow stripes and tip with black blotch; and lower lobe of caudal fin navy blue. A key to five species of Branchiostegus from Vietnamese waters is provided.
New Mycodiplosis gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) feeding on fungal rusts (Fungi: Pucciniomycetes) that are pathogenic on cultured plants
Authors: JIAO KE-LONG , WANG FANG , WANG HAO , WANG JIAO , SU SHENG-SONG , LIANG JING-YÜ , LIU JUN-ANG , WANG YUAN-HONG , LONG HONG , BU WEN-JUN , KOLESIK PETER
Published: August 2019

Larvae of a gall midge were found feeding on the fungal rust Maravalia pterocarpi (Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales: Chaconiaceae) infesting the economically important sua tree Dalbergia tonkinensis (Fabaceae) on Hainan Island, China. The adults, pupae and larvae were collected, their morphology was studied and a segment of the Cytochrome Oxidase unit I (COI) mitochondrial gene was sequenced. The gall midge proved to be a species new to science that belongs to the genus Mycodiplosis (Diptera: Cecdiomyiidae). Comparison of the sequence to published Cecdiomyiidae sequences revealed that, despite being undescribed and unnamed, it was previously found in east and south-east Asia to feed on several rust species: Puccinia coronata (Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae) that develops on Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae), Puccinia sp. on Zea mays (Poaceae), Puccinia arachidis on Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae) and Puccinia allii on Allium fistulosum (Amaryllidaceae). The new species is described and named here Mycodiplosis puccinivora Jiao, Bu & Kolesik. It occurs in China, Japan, Thailand, Bangladesh and possibly Malaysia and Australia. In Hainan it has four to five generations per year.
Taxonomic study of the genus Fujimacia Marumo, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in China, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: QI MUJIE , LI HOUHUN
Published: August 2019

The species of the genus Fujimacia Marumo, 1939 are revised from China. Among them, F. cornutiprocera Qi & Li, sp. nov., F. dayaoensis Qi & Li, sp. nov., F. gracilenta Qi & Li, sp. nov. and F. longispinosa Qi & Li, sp. nov. are described as new to science. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided along with keys to the Fujimacia species in China.
Establishing Urinary Leukotriene E4 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Comorbid Asthma and Atopy
Authors: Santarelli Griffin D. , Lam Kent K. , Han Joseph K.
Published: August 2019

Objective

While urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) is a validated biomarker for the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway, which is central to the pathophysiology of asthma, atopy, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the contributions of comorbid asthma and atopy to uLTE4 levels in various CRS subtypes have not been previously characterized. We sought to (1) identify reference values for uLTE4 in subjects with and without CRS and (2) determine how the presence of comorbid atopy and asthma affects uLTE4 levels in CRS.

Setting

Tertiary referral medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A prospective case‐control study was conducted to compare uLTE4 levels between patients with CRS and healthy controls. Urinary LTE4 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and were adjusted for urinary creatinine concentrations (pg/mg Cr). Patients with CRS were stratified by the clinical comorbidities to determine normative uLTE4 values for patients with CRS with and without comorbid asthma or atopy.

Results

A total of 153 patients (mean age, 47.3; 47.1% female) were included in the study. Patients with CRS demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of uLTE4 than healthy controls (1652 vs 1065 pg/mg Cr, P =. 032). Within the group of patients with CRS, comorbid asthma also individually correlated with elevated uLTE4 levels (1597 pg/mg Cr, P =. 0098). Patients with CRS who did not have comorbid allergy and asthma, in contrast, did not have statistically higher uLTE4 levels than healthy controls (1142 pg/mg Cr, P =. 61).

Conclusion

Urinary LTE4 serves as a noninvasive measure of the inflammatory state in CRS. Comorbid asthma and atopy contribute to elevated uLTE4 levels in CRS.
Development Support Communication in Practice: Towards Realizing Child Rights Through UNICEF
Authors: Brody Alan
Published: August 2019

The author studied 6 years with Professor Joe Ascroft at the University of Iowa on a team defining principles of Development Support Communication (DSC, now widely called C4D). In 1984, he returned to the world of development practice and a 22-year career with UNICEF. The article describes his first assignment in Nigeria using an innovative communication strategy to speed the adoption of oral rehydration therapy for treatment of diarrhoea and dehydration. It also summarizes subsequent work that applied perspectives and expertise in communication to UNICEF’s challenges to further child rights: involving pharmacists as promoters of oral rehydration, and helping to launch the global ‘Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative’ in Turkey; formulating a strategy to apply national mass campaign approaches pioneered in global vaccination initiatives to reduce pneumonia deaths in Central Asia; working on emergency programmes in the ‘failed state’ of Afghanistan; building support and understanding of child rights in China, along with strengthening decentralized capacities to monitor progress towards World Summit for Children goals and targets; and as UNICEF Representative in Swaziland tackling challenges of one of the world’s worst HIV and AIDS crises. He provides seven key ideas and principles—drawn from ‘DSC Iowa Style’—that guided his development work over those years.
Improved home BP profile with dapagliflozin is associated with amelioration of albuminuria in Japanese patients with diabetic nephropathy: the Yokohama add-on inhibitory efficacy of dapagliflozin on albuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes study (Y-AIDA study)
Authors: Kinguchi Sho , Wakui Hiromichi , Ito Yuzuru , Kondo Yoshinobu , Azushima Kengo , Osada Uru , Yamakawa Tadashi , Iwamoto Tamio , Yutoh Jun , Misumi Toshihiro , Aoki Kazutaka , Yasuda Gen , Yoshii Taishi , Yamada Takayuki , Ono Syuji , Shibasaki-Kurita Tomoko , Hosokawa Saho , Orime Kazuki , Hanaoka Masaaki , Sasaki Hiroto , Inazumi Kohji , Yamada Taku , Kobayashi Ryu , Ohki Kohji , Haruhara Kotaro , Kobayashi Yusuke , Yamanaka Takeharu , Terauchi Yasuo , Tamura Kouichi
Published: August 2019

Background

The Y-AIDA study was designed to investigate the renal- and home blood pressure (BP)-modulating effects of add-on dapagliflozin treatment in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and albuminuria.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, single-arm study. Eighty-six patients with T2DM, HbA1c 7.0–10.0%, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine (gCr) were enrolled, and 85 of these patients were administered add-on dapagliflozin for 24 weeks. The primary and key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in the natural logarithm of UACR over 24 weeks and change in home BP profile at week 24.

Results

Baseline median UACR was 181.5 mg/gCr (interquartile range 47.85, 638.0). Baseline morning, evening, and nocturnal home systolic/diastolic BP was 137.6/82.7 mmHg, 136.1/79.3 mmHg, and 125.4/74.1 mmHg, respectively. After 24 weeks, the logarithm of UACR decreased by 0.37 ± 0.73 (P < 0.001). In addition, changes in morning, evening, and nocturnal home BP from baseline were as follows: morning systolic/diastolic BP − 8.32 ± 11.42/− 4.18 ± 5.91 mmHg (bothP < 0.001), evening systolic/diastolic BP − 9.57 ± 12.08/− 4.48 ± 6.45 mmHg (bothP < 0.001), and nocturnal systolic/diastolic BP − 2.38 ± 7.82/− 1.17 ± 5.39 mmHg (P = 0.0079 for systolic BP,P = 0.0415 for diastolic BP). Furthermore, the reduction in UACR after 24 weeks significantly correlated with an improvement in home BP profile, but not with changes in other variables, including office BP. Multivariate linear regression analysis also revealed that the change in morning home systolic BP was a significant contributor to the change in log-UACR.

Conclusions

In Japanese patients with T2DM and diabetic nephropathy, dapagliflozin significantly improved albuminuria levels and the home BP profile. Improved morning home systolic BP was associated with albuminuria reduction.

Trial registrationThe study is registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000018930;http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). The study was conducted from July 1, 2015 to August 1, 2018.
Intraoperative Awareness With Recall: A Descriptive, Survey-Based, Cohort Study
Authors: Bombardieri Anna Maria , Mathur Shagun , Soares Andrea , Sharma Anshuman , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Wildes Troy S. , Avidan Michael S.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:

Unintended intraoperative awareness with recall (AWR) is a potential complication of general anesthesia. Patients typically report recollections of (1) hearing sounds or conversations, (2) being unable to breathe or move, (3), feeling pain, and/or (4) experiencing emotional distress. The purpose of the current study was to identify and further characterize AWR experiences identified through postoperative surveys of a large unselected adult surgical cohort.

METHODS:

This is a substudy of a prospective registry study, which surveys patients on their health and well-being after surgery. Responses to 4 questions focusing on AWR were analyzed. Patients who reported AWR with pain, paralysis, and/or distress were contacted by telephone to obtain more information about their AWR experience. The interview results for patients who received general anesthesia were sent to 3 anesthesiologists, who adjudicated the reported AWR episodes.

RESULTS:

Of 48,151 surveys sent, 17,875 patient responses were received. Of these respondents, 622 reported a specific memory from the period between going to sleep and waking up from perceived general anesthesia and 282 of these reported related pain, paralysis, and/or distress. An attempt was made to contact these 282 patients, and 149 participated in a telephone survey. Among the 149 participants, 87 endorsed their prior report of AWR. However, only 22 of these patients had received general anesthesia, while 51 received only sedation and 14 received regional anesthesia. Three anesthesiologists independently adjudicated the survey results of the 22 general anesthesia cases and assigned 6 as definite AWR, 8 as possible AWR, and 8 as not AWR episodes. Of the 65 patients who confirmed their report of AWR after regional or sedation anesthesia, 37 (31 with sedation and 6 with regional anesthesia) had not expected to be conscious during surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

The complication of AWR continues to occur during intended general anesthesia. Many reports of AWR episodes occur in patients receiving sedation or regional anesthesia and relate to incorrect expectations regarding anesthetic techniques and conscious experiences, representing a potential target for intervention.
A Novel 3-Dimensional Approach for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Mitral Valve Area After Repair for Degenerative Disease
Authors: Karamnov Sergey , Burbano-Vera Nelson , Shook Douglas C. , Fox John A. , Shernan Stanton K.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:

Currently available 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic methods for accurately assessing the mitral valve orifice area (MVA) after mitral valve repair (MVr) are limited due to its complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry. We compared repaired MVAs obtained with commonly used 2D and 3D echocardiographic methods to a 3D orifice area (3DOA), which is a novel echocardiographic measurement and independent of geometric assumptions.

METHODS:

Intraoperative 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images from 20 adult cardiac surgery patients who underwent MVr for mitral regurgitation obtained immediately after repair were retrospectively reviewed. MVAs obtained by pressure half-time (PHT), 2D planimetry (2DP), and 3D planimetry (3DP) were compared to those derived by 3DOA.

RESULTS:

MVAs (mean value ± standard deviation [SD]) after MVr were obtained by PHT (3 ± 0.6 cm2), 2DP (3.58 ± 0.75 cm2), 3D planimetry (3DP; 2.78 ± 0.74 cm2), and 3DOA (2.32 ± 0.76 cm2). MVAs obtained by the 3DOA method were significantly smaller compared to those obtained by PHT (mean difference, 0.68 cm2; P = .0003), 2DP (mean difference, 1.26 cm2; P < .0001), and 3DP (mean difference, 0.46 cm2; P = .003). In addition, MVA defined as an area ≤1.5 cm2 was identified by 3DOA in 2 patients and by 3DP in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS:

Post-MVr MVAs obtained using the novel 3DOA method were significantly smaller than those obtained by conventional echocardiographic methods and may be consistent with a higher incidence of MVA reduction when compared to 2D techniques. Further studies are still needed to establish the clinical significance of 3D echocardiographic techniques used to measure MVA after MVr.
Electroencephalographic Findings and Clinical Behavior During Induction of Anesthesia With Sevoflurane in Human Infants: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chao Jerry Y. , Legatt Alan D. , Yozawitz Elissa G. , Adams David C. , Delphin Ellise S. , Shinnar Shlomo
Published: August 2019

Seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) have been described during sevoflurane. We prospectively estimated their incidence in 54 otherwise neurologically healthy infants by obtaining the full-head video electroencephalogram (EEG). No infants had clinical seizures, but 1 had an electrographic seizure; 3 others had focal IEDs (7.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1%–17.9%). We detected no differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between normal and abnormal EEG groups. Diffuse slowing was the most common initial EEG change followed by fast (α, β) activity in all head leads. Larger studies with more statistical power are needed to further investigate the hypotheses generated with this research.
Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure: Central Role for the Pulmonary System
Authors: Lalande Sophie , Cross Troy J. , Keller-Ross Manda L. , Morris Norman R. , Johnson Bruce D. , Taylor Bryan J.
Published: August 2019

We propose that abnormalities of the pulmonary system contribute significantly to the exertional dyspnea and exercise intolerance observed in patients with chronic heart failure. Interventions designed to address the deleterious pulmonary manifestations of heart failure may, therefore, yield promising improvements in exercise tolerance in this population.
Breaking Up Sedentary Behavior Optimally to Enhance Mood
Authors: GIURGIU MARCO , KOCH ELENA D. , PLOTNIKOFF RONALD C. , EBNER-PRIEMER ULRICH W. , REICHERT MARKUS
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Experimental evidence shows that breaking-up sedentary behavior is positively associated with positive mental health outcomes. However, whether sedentary breaks influence mood in everyday life is largely unknown. Moreover, it is unclear which break patterns are most beneficial to enhance mood.

Methods

To investigate the degree to which sedentary break patterns influence mood dimensions in everyday life, we conducted an Ecological Momentary Assessment study in 92 university employees over 5 d. We continuously measured physical behavior (physical activity and sedentary behavior) objectively via accelerometers and assessed mood 10 times a day on smartphone diaries. We defined distinct break patterns, such as variations in frequency (number of breaks), duration (length of breaks), intensity (metabolic equivalent), and context (home or work) and used multilevel modeling to analyze the within-subject effects of sedentary break patterns on mood.

Results

Break intensity was positively associated with subsequent valence (P < 0.01), energetic arousal (P < 0.01), and calmness (P < 0.05). Break frequency was positively associated with subsequent valence and energetic arousal (all P’s < 0.01), but break duration was not associated with mood. Exploratory analyses indicated that breaking-up sedentary behavior was more beneficial at home than at work.

Conclusions

These ecologically valid findings suggest breaking-up sedentary behavior as a promising strategy to enhance mood in everyday life. In particular, breaking-up sedentary behavior frequently and intensively, for example, by walking instead of standing, may be most beneficial. We call for future studies to substantiate these accounts and to identify both practical and optimal break patterns among different samples. This evidence informs official public health recommendations aiming to “minimize sedentary time in everyday life.”
Interplay between substrate recognition, 5′ end tRNA processing and methylation activity of human mitochondrial RNase P
Authors: Karasik Agnes , Fierke Carol A. , Koutmos Markos
Published: August 2019

Human mitochondrial ribonuclease P (mtRNase P) is an essential three-protein complex that catalyzes the 5′ end maturation of mitochondrial precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs). Mitochondrial RNase P Protein 3 (MRPP3), a protein-only RNase P (PRORP), is the nuclease component of the mtRNase P complex and requires a two-protein S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase MRPP1/2 subcomplex to function. Dysfunction of mtRNase P is linked to several human mitochondrial diseases, such as mitochondrial myopathies. Despite its central role in mitochondrial RNA processing, little is known about how the protein subunits of mtRNase P function synergistically. Here, we use purified mtRNase P to demonstrate that mtRNase P recognizes, cleaves, and methylates some, but not all, mitochondrial pre-tRNAs in vitro. Additionally, mtRNase P does not process all mitochondrial pre-tRNAs uniformly, suggesting the possibility that some pre-tRNAs require additional factors to be cleaved in vivo. Consistent with this, we found that addition of the TRMT10C (MRPP1) cofactor SAM enhances the ability of mtRNase P to bind and cleave some mitochondrial pre-tRNAs. Furthermore, the presence of MRPP3 can enhance the methylation activity of MRPP1/2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the subunits of mtRNase P work together to efficiently recognize, process, and methylate human mitochondrial pre-tRNAs.
Corporalidad y discapacidad intelectual: aportes a la comprensión de la dimensión social de la discapacidad desde la sociología del cuerpo
Authors: Ruiz Hernández, Soc Juan Daniel
Published: August 2019

Introducción: en el artículo se pretende explorar la forma en la que el proceso de incorporación de la discapacidad, el cual tiene como epicentro el cuerpo de las personas y conjuga la tensión entre las estructuras y la agencia, se vuelve fundamental para comprender la dimensión social de la discapacidad intelectual. Desarrollo: como primer paso, se deconstruye el proceso de incorporación de la discapacidad intelectual al analizar las implicaciones que este proceso tiene para el cuerpo. A partir de esto, se exploran los mecanismos de manifestación corporal de la discapacidad intelectual. Finalmente, se indaga por la forma en la que la incorporación de la discapacidad y la manifestación corporal de esta permiten a la persona vivirla de maneras particulares. Conclusiones: se concluye que la discapacidad no es solo una característica que se le impone a la persona desde afuera de su singularidad, sino que esta tiene la capacidad de construirla y transformarla constantemente mediante el uso de su cuerpo individual. De esta manera, la comprensión de la dimensión social de la discapacidad parte por reconocer las repercusiones, negociaciones y manifestaciones diferenciadas de la discapacidad intelectual.
(Des)orden nacional: la construcción de la migración venezolana como una amenaza de salud y seguridad pública en Colombia
Authors: Ordóñez, PhD Juan Thomas , Ramírez Arcos, PhD Hugo Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Introducción: en este artículo se propone una reflexión sobre la construcción mediática y política de la imagen del migrante venezolano como amenaza a la salud y seguridad pública en Colombia. Desarrollo: a partir de 2015, la migración masiva de venezolanos enfrenta a la sociedad colombiana a una situación inédita en su historia reciente. En medio de un contexto atravesado por la hiperpolitización de las relaciones entre ambos países, miles de migrantes se han encontrado con la estigmatización en una sociedad que desarrolla mecanismos para contener las posibles ʻamenazasʼ que representa su movilidad. Para tales fines, este artículo aborda tanto noticias e imágenes de diferentes medios de comunicación, como discursos políticos y noticias falsas que circulan mediante cadenas de WhatsApp que, en su conjunto, terminan por afianzar la percepción de amenaza en distintos sectores de la sociedad colombiana. Conclusiones: las políticas de solidaridad y ayuda que pregona el Estado van de la mano con mensajes contradictorios producidos en los medios que, en últimas, le presentan al público a una población indiferenciada que pone en peligro al cuerpo de la nación.
Estrategias de inserción de chamanes inga y kamsá en las urbes medianas y pequeñas del altiplano cundiboyacense: una propuesta desde la categoría de medicina indígena empaquetada
Authors: Garzon-Forero, Mst Diego A.
Published: August 2019

Introducción: este artículo busca debatir y problematizar la apropiación indígena de normatividades expedidas por autoridades estatales colombianas acerca del manejo de las medicinas tradicionales indígenas y los medicamentos de la biomedicina en el país, en específico en las comunidades inga y kamsá. Desarrollo: dicha problemática se comprende de mejor manera cuando se entiende la tradición comercial y la itinerancia de estas comunidades indígenas. Este artículo muestra cómo la normatividad repercute en la forma de percibir el bienestar, los métodos de tratamiento y la enfermedad por parte de la medicina indígena del Putumayo, inserta en medianas y pequeñas poblaciones urbanas del altiplano cundiboyacense de Colombia. Tal situación genera diferentes estrategias de inserción de la medicina indígena por parte de esta población, como las medicinas empaquetadas, semejantes en apariencia a los medicamentos de la biomedicina, estrategia inevitable en el marco del pluralismo médico que necesariamente se presenta en contextos no cerrados, lo que hace que se fortalezcan los estereotipos de las poblaciones indígenas en las ciudades y, por otro lado, la obligatoria comercialización que sufren las medicinas indígenas al momento de salir al público urbano, que no se intercambian, sino que se compran y venden con dinero. Conclusiones: las normas, leyes y decretos para la regulación de los medicamentos —y las normas que reconocen la medicina tradicional indígena bajo el marco de reconocimiento multicultural— se están creando bajo estereotipos estáticos de ʻlo indígenaʼ, lo que refuerza la necesidad de unas estrategias de inserción de la medicina indígena en las ciudades por parte de estas comunidades.
Mística, yerbas santas y solidaridad: memoria del cuidado no médico de la lepra en Agua de Dios
Authors: Buitrago Echeverri, PhD María Teresa
Published: August 2019

Introducción: la representación social de la lepra como una enfermedad del pasado, el carácter local que la circunscribe a los sanatorios y el escaso contacto de trabajadores de la salud foráneos con la enfermedad hace pensar que el conocimiento sobre su cuidado ha circulado entre generaciones de una manera más o menos confinada. Ese saber que incorpora no solo conocimiento biomédico, sino expresiones en saberes, creencias, prácticas, relatos, los actores que las construyen y recrean y su relación compleja con las dinámicas de inserción en el territorio, se constituye hoy, en sí mismo, en un patrimonio vivo, que merece ser narrado. Desarrollo: se parte de comprender la memoria de los cuidados no médicos de la lepra en Agua de Dios, por medio de un estudio etnográfico, cuyos resultados permiten proponer dos expresiones. La primera involucra a agentes de salud no médicos y su relación con los sujetos de cuidado; que muestra que el cuidado demanda no solo conocimiento científico, sino también disposiciones particulares de los sujetos, como capacidad de escucha, observación, paciencia y trascendencia, acompañadas de un posicionamiento y negociación cotidianos en el territorio. La segunda está compuesta por las alternativas de cuidado intermediadas por otros agentes con saberes autorizados, que agrupan una amplia farmacopea relacionada con el uso de plantas medicinales, referencias a curanderos y prácticas solidarias de tutoría entre pacientes y relaciones de su bienestar con el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: todas estas expresiones de cuidado desafían los discursos y prácticas canónicas de la biomedicina alrededor de esta enfermedad.
“Las tres opciones son asumir la responsabilidad, regalarlo o abortar”: representaciones sociales de la continuación del embarazo, la adopción y el aborto entre adolescentes de Soacha y el suroccidente de Bogotá
Authors: Ortiz Romero, Ant Juliette
Published: August 2019

Introducción: este artículo presenta algunos de los conocimientos socialmente compartidos entre mujeres adolescentes de 14 a 18 años, que habitan en Soacha y el suroccidente de Bogotá, sobre el aborto, la adopción y la continuación del embarazo. Desarrollo: se desarrollaron nueve grupos focales en los que participaron 58 adolescentes. Ellas comentaron sus percepciones sobre el aborto, la continuación del embarazo y la adopción. Percibieron la maternidad en la adolescencia como una situación que emerge de una conducta sexual descuidada, al tiempo que valoraron la maternidad como un hecho intrínseco a la vida de las mujeres. El estigma ocupó un lugar preponderante en las representaciones que las adolescentes elaboraron sobre el aborto. Fue percibido como una opción facilista y condenable, pues permitía evadir la maternidad e interrumpía una vida en desarrollo. La adopción fue más aceptada que el aborto, pero cuestionada por dejar la crianza de un hijo a terceros. Las intervenciones de las adolescentes sugieren que, frente a la reproducción, ocupan un lugar de subordinación frente a sus madres y compañeros erótico-afectivos, quienes inciden en su toma de decisiones reproductivas con preponderancia. Conclusiones: la valoración de la maternidad y el feto devienen de prácticas y creencias católicas y patriarcales que generan en las adolescentes una fuerte estigmatización hacia la adopción y el aborto. Este artículo propone algunas recomendaciones para organizaciones no gubernamentales y prestadores de salud, con el fin de reducir el estigma frente estas opciones reproductivas.
Aspectos de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres adolescentes de tres comunidades del Resguardo Indígena San Lorenzo, Caldas: trabajo doméstico, partería tradicional y procesos organizativos de mujeres indígenas
Authors: Ortiz, Ant Sara
Published: August 2019

Introducción: se busca comprender la salud sexual y reproductiva de las adolescentes de las comunidades de San José, Tunzará y Veneros del Resguardo Indígena San Lorenzo, departamento de Caldas, Colombia, desde una visión que abarque la interrelación entre una descripción de las vivencias y percepciones individuales del comportamiento reproductivo, principalmente de la primera menstruación, una caracterización del acceso a los sistemas médicos para su salud sexual y reproductiva, como la partería tradicional, y un análisis de esta a partir de algunas condiciones grupales y estructurales, como el trabajo doméstico de las mujeres indígenas en las ciudades y los procesos organizativos de ellas. Desarrollo: para esta comprensión, se optó por el paradigma cualitativo, con una metodología etnográfica basada principalmente en observación, observación participante, 21 entrevistas abiertas, 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas y 3 grupos de discusión, con el complemento de una técnica cuantitativa que implicó la realización de 23 historias reproductivas. Conclusiones: se visibiliza cómo la salud sexual y reproductiva de las adolescentes indígenas requiere de una comprensión basada en la contextualización e interrelación de los niveles individuales, grupales y estructurales que influyen y afectan a las mujeres indígenas para poder adecuar un sistema de salud propio e intercultural.
Cover Inequalities for a Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Shifts
Authors: Dabia Said , Ropke Stefan , van Woensel Tom
Published: August 2019

This paper introduces the vehicle routing problem with time windows and shifts (VRPTWS). At the depot, several shifts with nonoverlapping operating periods are available to load the planned trucks. Each shift has a limited loading capacity. We solve the VRPTWS exactly by a branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm. The master problem is a set partitioning with an additional constraint for every shift. Each constraint requires the total quantity loaded in a shift to be less than its loading capacity. For every shift, a pricing subproblem is solved by a label-setting algorithm. Shift capacity constraints define knapsack inequalities; hence we use valid inequalities inspired from knapsack inequalities to strengthen the linear programming relaxation of the master problem when solved by column generation. In particular, we use a family of tailored robust cover inequalities and a family of new nonrobust cover inequalities. Numerical results show that nonrobust cover inequalities significantly improve the algorithm.
We've explored…: San Bushmen
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: August 2019

What one outdoor setting discovered about the culture of hunter-gatherers in Africa. Annette Rawstrone reports
In a tick…
Authors: Raxlen Bernard
Published: August 2019

Lyme disease is increasingly being diagnosed in countries including the UK – so what are the symptoms, and how can children avoid catching it? Dr Bernard Raxlen explains
EYFS training: part 8 – PSED: Get emotional
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: August 2019

The mental health and emotional well-being of our youngest children has never been so high on the agenda. Charlotte Goddard asks what this means for training
Determinants of technical efficiency in cotton production in the southern cotton growing zone of Nigeria: A stochastic production frontier approach
Authors: OLATIDOYE MUYIWA SUNDAY , ALIMI TAIWO , AKINOLA ADEBAYO AKINBOYE
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Olatidoye MS, Alimi T, Akinola AA. 2018. Quality assessment of the physico-chemical properties of vermiwash produced from different sources during successive storage periods. Asian J Agric 2: 58-63. The study investigated on socio-economic factors and estimated the technical efficiency indices and factors influencing technical efficiency of the sampled cotton farmers in the Southern Cotton growing zone of Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select a total sample of 300 cotton farmers. The study made use of only primary data which was collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production parametric model. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that majority (83%) of the cotton farmers in the study area were males while the mean age of the respondents was 49 years. The average household size was 8 persons per household and majority (69%) of the respondents had formal education. Majority of the respondents (59%) had no access to credit facilities while majority (80.4%) of the cotton farmers had reasonable years of experience ranging between 11 and above in cotton production. Furthermore, the study found that the technical efficiency of the farmers range from 0.35 and 0.99 with a mean of 0.79. This indicates ample opportunity for farmers to increase their productivity through improvement in their technical efficiency. Seed, fertilizer, pesticides and farm size were found to be statistically significant and positively related to farmers’ output while education, credit, extension contact and farming experience of the respondents negatively influenced farmers’ technical inefficiency. The farmers therefore need to increase their output through more intensive use of seed, land, pesticides and fertilizers.
Effect of inoculation of two Aztobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil
Authors: BIDGOLI REZA DEHGHANI
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Bidgoli RD. 2019. Effect of inoculation of two Aztobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil. Asian J Agric 3: 22-25. This study was conducted to study changes of percentage and yield of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) as a split factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2016-2017. The experimental treatments were nitrogen at four levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha as the main factor and two strains of PGPR (Aztobacter chroococcum MZ11, MZ26) in two state of (use and non-use) was considered as sub factors. Results showed that use of these two of A. chroococcum strains has led to increase in the percentage and yield of peppermint essential oil more than all Nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Also, the highest peppermint essential oil percentage (0.73%) obtained the in the of triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26 The highest essential oil yield (91.65 kg/ha)observed under the influence of the triple interaction of Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) , A. chroococcum MZ11 and A. chroococcum MZ26.
Effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery
Authors: ISLAM MD. ARIFUL , RAHMAN RAYHANUR , HOSSAIN MOHAMMED KAMAL
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Islam MDA, Rahman MDA, Hossain MK. 2019. Effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery. Asian J Agric 3: 26-32. The study elucidates the effect of container and potting media on raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong to find out a suitable container and potting media for raising large scale quality seedlings. The seedlings were evaluated by five container and seven potting media treatments for eight months. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was adopted for the study with three replications for each treatment. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was tested for the analysis to explore the possible treatment variations. However, the study reveals nodulation with growth parameters; shoot and root dry biomass production and quality index were highest in 20 cm × 15 cm size polybags whereas the highest root length and shoot-root ratio was observed in 15 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 13 cm size polybag respectively. Considering the potting media, highest nodulation, growth parameters, shoot dry and fresh weight, shoot- root ratio and biomass were found in combination of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (0.16 g/polybag). Highest root length, root fresh and dry weight, and quality index were found in the combination of soil + cow dung (3:1). Therefore, it is recommended that containers of 20 cm × 15 cm size polybag and with a potting media of soil + cow dung + phosphorus (3 parts soil, 1 parts cow dung + 0.16 g/polybag) combination produce quality A. auriculiformis seedlings in the nursery.
Review: Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression
Authors: ESTIATI AMY
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Estiati A. 2019. Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression. Asian J Agric 3: 6-15. Weeds become one of the important biological constraint declining the productivity and quality of rice. Among the weeds, barnyardgrass is reported as the most destructive weed species. Synthetic herbicides are preferred method to control weeds. However, the excessive and continuous use of synthetic herbicides can have a negative impact on the environment, health and even the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. Therefore, another alternative to overcome weed problems become the concern of scientists. Rice plants have been proven to be able to suppress the growth of weeds nearby by secreting secondary metabolites called allelochemicals. In this article, the achievements of research on rice allelochemicals at laboratory level will be reported. Among rice allelochemicals, momilactones are potential growth inhibitor. The biosynthetic pathway of momilactones and its coressponding genes have been extensively investigated in rice. OsCPS4, OsKSL4, CYP99A2, CYP99A3 and OsMAS are genes that co-regulated in momilactones biosynthetic pathway and production, and they form a gene cluster which is located on chromosome 4. Reverse genetic approach by inserting genes knock-out of OsCPS4 and OsKSL4 into two rice cultivars from Japonica subspecies showed that insertional mutant lines harboring cps4 or ksl4 exhibited a significant loss in inhibition potential due to the lack of momilactones production.
Characterization of flavonoids from candidate striga grass in controlling diet legumes Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata
Authors: AKUMU ANYANGO ANNA , NYAMBAKA HUDSON , KUATE SERGE PHILIBERT , TORTO BALDWYN
Published: August 2019

Akumu AA, Nyambaka H, Kuate SP, Torto B.2018. Characterization of flavonoids from candidate striga grass in controlling diet legumes Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata.Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 83-98. In Africa, intercropping of some legumes with cereal plants has been noticed to generate exceptional reduction of Striga invasion and enhanced production of cereal crop. Desmodium uncinatum administers Striga invasion in intercrop with cereals through an allelopathic technique, which includes postsprouting accretion inhibitors emanated from the roots. Having a potential to be a new technique for grass administering, Allelopathy is a natural and environmentally friendly method. A standardized profiling technique based on Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) was utilized to determine flavonoids in extracts of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mung bean (Vigna radiata), potential trap plants for Striga grass. Nine flavonoids involving mono-and diglycosyl derivatives of fisetin, baicalein, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, formononetin, quercetin, isosakuranetin, and sakuranetin were temporarily distinguished. The obtained phenolics were available at concentrations higher than 0.001% of the dry materials. Many of these phenolic mixtures have been claimed to possess human health advantages. These glycosylated flavones are noted for the first time in these two species. The comprehensive analysis of the polar secondary metabolites in these leguminous plants was useful for comprehending their inhibitory chemistry and proposed biosynthesis by C-glucoside characteristics. All the segregated and described mixtures in the diet legume C. arietinum were O-glucosylated. While, Food legume V. radiata should be observed further to see if it can attain Desmodium’s allelopathic ability since it possesses inhibitory chemistry and proposed biosynthesis by C-glucosylation.
Effects of selected medicinal plant extracts on mitochondrial function
Authors: ACHAMPONG ABENAA SERWAA , OCLOO AUGUSTINE , APPIAH-OPONG REGINA
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Achampong AS, Ocloo A, Appiah-Opong R. 2018. Effects of selected medicinal plant extracts on mitochondrial function. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 1-13. Mitochondria are organelles that produce approximately 90% of the energy required by the eukaryotic cell through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria also play vital roles in other metabolic processes in the cell. Mitochondria have unique features that make them sensitive to some xenobiotics. Thus, they serve as primary or secondary targets for these xenobiotics. Medicinal plants are the source of phytochemicals which also have the potential to regulate mitochondrial function. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of these medicinal plants, especially those in Ghana, on mitochondrial function. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of Taraxacum officinale, Morinda citrifolia, and Millettia thonningii on mitochondrial function. The antioxidant properties, phenolic content, and phytochemicals of the extracts were determined. We determined the effect of the extract on cell viability and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. All extracts significantly stimulated basal respiration and also caused an increase in complex IV respiration. The extracts exhibit considerable antioxidant activity, and all contain phytochemicals that have been shown to have antioxidant properties. M. thonningii partially blocked the effects of rotenone, while Noni juice partially blocked the effects of antimycin A. The extract, however, had a weak cytotoxic effect on Jurkat leukemia cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells.
The potential of white-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) as antimicrobial and natural antioxidant
Authors: Egra Saat , IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA  , ENOS TANGKE ARUNG  , HARLINDA KUSPRADINI
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Egra S, Kusuma IW, Arung ET, Kuspradini H. 2018. The potential of white-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) as antimicrobial and natural antioxidant. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 17-23. White-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a favorite meal in Indonesia. Previously this fungus was known as a useless plant, but after the nutrition is known, everything changes. People tried to cultivate it because the nutrients contents are very good for body health. Therefore, to support this added value in the field of health, especially antimicrobials and antioxidants, this research needs to be done. This research used successive extraction with hexane solvent, acetate ethyl, ethanol, water, and crude ethanol by antimicrobial assay, antioxidants assay (DPPH), total antioxidant content, total phenolic content. The highest results on barrier antimicrobial test which occurred against Candida albicans bacteria was 47.60 % with 100 ppm concentration. While, on antimicrobial assay using Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, there was no significant inhibition. Regarding the antioxidant test against DPPH, the result showed the occurrence of free radical by 25 % on water extraction at the concentration of 100 ppm. Continuously, the total antioxidant content assay showed the ethyl acetate had the highest value of 368.708 mg gae/g. The results of the total content phenolic assay showed the solvent hexane had the value of 78.495 mg gae/g. These findings indicated that mushroom has an active phenolic compound with no contribution to impede its working on Candida albicans assay.
Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: OLUWAFOLAKEMI CHRISTIANAH ADEBAYO  , Ogidi Clement Olusola , BAMIDELE JULIET AKINYELE
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Adebayo OC, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. 2019. Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seed detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 51-60. The nutrient and antinutrient contents of unfermented castor seeds (UCS), castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) and “Ogiri,” a naturally fermented condiment from castor seeds (CSF) were determined. Proximate analyses of all the samples were carried out using methods of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The biosafety of the samples was carried out using the animal model. The raw castor seeds (UCS) had the highest carbohydrate (61.04%), ash (6.02%), fats (6.65%), fiber (6.62%), and calcium (0.30 mg/100g). Castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) had the highest protein content of 20.47%, magnesium of 7.16 mg/100g, alkaloids (7.40 mg/g) and saponins (6.69 mg/g) . CSF had the highest zinc (0.69 mg/100g). CPF had the lowest tannin (0.05 mg/g). All the essential amino acids increased significantly in the fermented samples. Tryptophan was absent in UCS but present in CSF and CPF with values of 0.78 mg/100g and 1.15 mg/100g, respectively. The hematological analysis of the rats fed CPF had the highest WBC of 5.43×109, which indicated a positive immunomodulatory effect. Hence, this study revealed that Pleurotus ostreatus degraded the toxic compounds in castor seeds to a large extent and enhanced the nutritional contents of the final product.
Participant pseudonyms in qualitative family research: a sociological and temporal note
Authors: Edwards Rosalind
Published: August 2019

This article explores the pseudonyms that UK-based family sociologists have used to refer to and discuss participants in writing up their studies from the post-war to the present day. It takes a sociological and temporal perspective on the conventions for naming research participants in qualitative studies of family life. Drawing on major monographs reporting on studies of family lives across the period, I show that, over time, since the 1950s and 1960s, (pseudo)naming practice has reflected a firm trajectory towards an intimate rather than neutral research relationship, with the use of personal names able to convey a sense of closeness to the particular participant by researchers to the readers. I argue that temporal disciplinary investigatory zeitgeists underpin pseudonym conventions, and that personal names have become the normalised, unspoken standard.
‘It’s about gender equality and all that stuff…’: enacting policies on gender-based violence into everyday preventive work in rural Sweden
Authors: Nyhlén Sara , Giritli Nygren Katarina
Published: August 2019

Drawing from the experiences gained from a research project focusing on gender-based violence (GBV) in rural Sweden, this paper focuses on how government policies aimed at addressing GBV against girls and young women are enacted, translated and contested at the regional and local level. In previous studies the regional level is seldom focused on, and we know very little of the connection between the local and regional levels. The paper is based on analysis of interviews with key policy actors at the regional and local levels, including school personnel. Departing from policy enactment combined with institutional ethnography, the paper explores how policies on GBV are translated into prevention activities, but also how the different actors enact the policy in relation to the institutional setting and professional role. The analysis also shows how the enactment is entangled in understandings of gender, race, equality and traditions. The analysis makes the different power relations visible, and the production of power in policy is better understood, as it highlights how some dimensions are given priority in relation to others.