bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Batik Production: A Green SCM Evaluation and Improvement Recommendations
Authors: Putri Arinda Soraya , Agharli Syova Rahma Putri , Wicaksana Danis Eka Prasetya , Sakti Ardhy Yuliawan Norma
Published: April 2024

Kampung Batik Laweyan Solo in Central Java is a renowned center of batik industry in Indonesia. Companies there, including Batik Mahkota Laweyan, are involved in environmental issues throughout the supply chain, from raw material procurement to final production. Major challenges include direct waste disposal into rivers, excessive water usage, and inefficient use of synthetic dyes and waxes. This study aims to evaluate the performance and maturity of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) at Batik Mahkota Laweyan. Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using tools such as Green Supply Chain Operation Reference (GSCOR), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Process Maturity Model (PMM). The research findings indicate a GSCM performance of 53.327 and a maturity level of 4.308. The company needs to improve three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): electricity usage savings, efficient use of WWTP, and efficient water usage through recycling uncontaminated wash water. Thus, this study provides insights into how the batik industry can enhance environmental sustainability within its supply chain.
Green Supply Chain Performance Analysis of Cowhide Crackers Industry
Authors: Widiyastuti Eli , Nugroho Munajat Tri
Published: April 2024

Cowhide crackers Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) process beef skin crackers as a home-based business. However, their supply chain faces challenges due to unstructured activities. Waste management, particularly cowhide and used water disposal, is inefficient. Research aims to evaluate performance indicators, measure green supply chain performance, and assess supply chain maturity. The methods employed include Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Green Supply Chain Operation Reference (GSCOR), and Process Maturity Model (PMM). Results indicate a green supply chain management score of 58.901, with an average performance level influencing a maturity model value of 3.95. This places supply chain performance in the “managed and measurable” category. Three indicators, including recyclable percentage, cycle time, and environmental performance standards, have values below 50, necessitating improvement proposals. The research highlights areas for enhancement to enhance efficiency and sustainability in the cowhide crackers SMEs’ supply chain, crucial for long-term success and environmental responsibility.
Preliminary study of cassava leaf extract feasibility as a natural textile dye
Authors: Mulyaningtyas Akida , Adiba Amalia Nur , Fauzi Yuvita Mustika
Published: April 2024

One of the requirements of the batik textile industry is to use natural, safe, and environmentally friendly dyes. We researched different particle sizes and extraction temperatures to achieve the optimal chlorophyll concentration and mordant concentration for color durability and effectiveness. Before extraction, cassava leaves were dried and crushed to various sizes, i.e. 20, 40, and 60 mesh. Extraction temperatures were set to 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 oC. Mordant concentrations were varied to 20, 30, and 40 gram/l, and were assessed as pre-mordanting, meta- mordanting, and post-mordanting. The chlorophyll concentration was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a 645 nm and 665 nm wavelength. It was found that cassava leaves had the potential to become a natural dye for textiles because of their high chlorophyll concentration. The highest concentration was 16.001 mg/l, obtained from a simplicial size of 40 mesh and extraction temperature of 30 oC while the optimal result at a concentration of mordant 40 grams by using a meta-mordanting process.
Early detection and prevention of motorcycle theft by using microcontroller system and mobile platform
Authors: Supriyono Heru , Amali Farhan Nur
Published: April 2024

Old models of motorcycles which use manual transmission do not have security features as the latest model. The objective of this publication is to develop and test the system for early detection and prevention of motorcycles by detecting the position of its side stand, the presence of vibration, the beep of horn, monitoring the actual position of the motorcycle and turning off the motorcycle remotely from a distance. The proposed system was developed based on the ESP32 microcontroller by using a limit switch sensor, vibration sensor, and Blynk platform on smartphones to monitor the motorcycle position on google maps. The obtained system was powered by using an external battery to separate from internal electricity of the motorcycle to prevent any kickback current which could damage the Capacitor Discharge Ignition of the motorcycle. The proposed system was tested on various locations to simulate when there was any theft attempt. The test results showed that the proposed system was able to give the actual position of the motorcycle, able to turn on the horn of the motorcycle as well as to turn off the motorcycle engine remotely from a distance by using the Blynk platform on the smartphone.
Investigation of the Properties Medium Grade Coconut Nano Modified Asphalt Based on Physical, SEM, and Contact Angle Tests
Authors: Sunarjono Sri , Sularsih Mega Aprillia , Ngafwan  , Hidayati Nurul , Rizana Rama
Published: April 2024

Many road pavements have experienced a decline in quality, giving rise to the issue of nanotechnology materials in the construction sector which is expected to overcome this problem. Indonesia, which is the largest palm oil-producing country in the world, needs to utilize its waste, including for pavement materials. The research aims to examine adhesion, and characteristics of asphalt and mastics asphalt based on physical properties, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and contact angles. Palm oil waste was processed into medium-Nano carbon material, then mixed with asphalt cement 60/70 at a temperature of 150ºC and stirred using a high-speed drill for 45 minutes until evenly mixed. The research results show that the carbon Nano material used has an average surface area of 115 nm2 which produces dominant elements of C atoms and S atoms. The low penetration value, high softening point and ductility prove that the ability to increase the strength, temperature resistance and cohesion of mastics asphalt is better than AC 60/70. Apart from that, the medium level of waste used can increase the adhesion of mastics asphalt. This can be seen from the contact angle obtained which is 125.830º which is smaller than using 60/70 asphalt which is 129.258º.
Analysis of Eco-Efficiency Level in Tofu Processing Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Method
Authors: Fahmi Afiqoh Akmalia , Hardinawati Eni , Putri Arinda Soraya
Published: April 2024

A tofu industrial center in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java requires approximately 700 kg of soybeans per day. There is some waste in tofu processing, including energy consumption, water consumption, and has a negative impact on the environment in the form of liquid waste and solid waste. This study aims to analyze and provide suggestions for improvements regarding the level of eco-efficiency in tofu processing. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software with the scope of "gate to gate". This research resulted in an eco-cost value of IDR 2,005,000 and an EEI value of 0.13 which means that it is affordable but not sustainable. Then obtained an EVR value of 7.5 and an EER rate of -6.5%, which means that the eco-efficiency of tofu products is quite poor. So that the proposed improvements that can be used are minimizing the use of raw materials, water and energy and treating waste from tofu processing according to the predetermined booklet.
Analysis of Health and Safety in The Production Floor of CV. XYZ Using Job Safety Analysis Method and the Hazard Identification Risk Assesment and Risk Control Approach
Authors: Sakti Arga Seta Asmara , Nuryanto
Published: April 2024

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a critical factor in the smooth operation of a company, involving machinery, tools, the work environment, raw materials and their processing, as well as the employees themselves. The company's issues regarding OHS culture and the inadequate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can lead to the risk of workplace accidents when employees perform their tasks. This research utilizes the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method, which plays a role in risk identification, and the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) approach to determine the direction for the implementation of risk management and OHS in the company. This study focuses on the production process of CV. XYZ, with 35 employees. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and interviews, which were then analyzed based on potential hazards discovered. The hazard identification results in the production floor revealed a total of 71 hazards, which include 23 potential hazards in the casting process, 26 potential hazards in the machining process, and 22 potential hazards in the finishing process. Based on these potential hazards, they can be classified into risk categories, including 27 (38%) potential hazards categorized as low risk, 30 (42%) potential hazards categorized as moderate risk, and 4 (6%) potential hazards categorized as high risk. Risk control measures include elimination, substitution, technical controls, administrative controls, and the use of PPE.
Proposed Strategies for Improving Productivity in the Wagon Painting Process Considering the Worker's Health Level
Authors: Agustina Fitri , Widyatantri Risma , Novianti Trisita , Mualim
Published: April 2024

Productivity can be expressed as the quantitative relationship between the output generated and the input utilized. The evidence of high worker productivity signifies the workforce's capacity to meet the company's production targets effectively and efficiently. As one of the inputs in the production process, the workers must have proper physical, mental, and social health conditions to carry out their work activities well. A developing train manufacturing company in East Java has several stages of the production process, one of which is the painting process. Chemicals are supposed to be a potential hazard in the painting process, which can harm workers' health, primarily if the work is carried out over a long time. Health issues resulting from exposure to spray paint and the failure to meet production targets indicate the need for in-depth investigation. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of health on worker productivity and design strategies for improving worker's productivity. The methods employed are the Work Limitation Questionnaire (WLQ) and Time and Motion Study. The findings indicate that there is a partial relationship between time management and productivity. It is critical to put out recommendations aimed at minimizing the duration of paint exposure experienced by workers. The proposed strategies demonstrate the capability to decrease the standard time required for the flat-top wagon painting process by 1.11 hours (41.11%). This improvement is achieved by reducing the number of work motions from 20 to 14, and finally, productivity is improved by 3.6.
Diagnostik und Klassifikation der axialen Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) – der aktuelle Stand
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: April 2024

Die axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist eine entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankung, die typischerweise durch entzündlichen Rückenschmerz (eRs) gekennzeichnet ist. Der Terminus axSpA hat den lange gebräulichen Begriff ankylosierende Spondylitis (AS) weitgehend abgelöst. Der eRs ist durch Entzündung im Achsenskelett bedingt, wobei die Sakroiliakalgelenke (SIG) initial besonders häufig betroffen sind. Meist in späteren Stadien kommt die Wirbelsäule hinzu, was strukturell dann zunehmend durch Knochenneubildung gekennzeichnet ist. Zum Gesamktonzept der Spondyloarthritiden gehören weitere Krankheitsmanifestationen wie Uveitis, Psoriasis und Colitis und Komorbiditäten wie kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Osteoporose.

Für die axSpA gibt es seit 2009 die ASAS-Klassifikationskriterien, die die 1984 modifizierten New York-Kriterien abgelöst haben. Bei ersteren spielen über das konventionelle Röntgen hinaus erstmals mit Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) festgestellte Veränderungen in der Bildgebung der SIG und auch der Nachweis von HLA B27 eine Rolle. Wichtig ist, dass es sich nicht um diagnostische Kriterien handelt, denn die gibt es nicht. In dieser Arbeit werden 10 Punkte aufgezeigt, die bei der Diagnosestellung berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Nachsorgeambulanzen für Patient*innen mit Post-COVID: eine Befragung zur Bestandsaufnahme und Charakterisierung von Versorgungsaspekten
Authors: Skiba Eva-Maria , Drewitz Karl Philipp , Panchyrz Ivonne , Deckert Stefanie , Apfelbacher Christian , Piontek Katharina
Published: April 2024

Nach akuter Infektion mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus leiden bis zu 10 % der Erkrankten an längerfristigen gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen, dem sogenannten „Long-COVID-Syndrom“. Zur Versorgung dieser Patient*innen wurden in Deutschland spezialisierte Ambulanzen eingerichtet. Eine strukturierte Erfassung der Versorgungssituation ist für eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgung essenziell. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist strukturelle und prozessbezogene Versorgungsaspekte von Long-COVID-Ambulanzen in Deutschland darzustellen.

Mittels Online-Befragung wurden Aspekte wie Struktur und Organisation der Ambulanzen, Leistungsangebote und Vernetzung der Versorgung erhoben. Insgesamt konnten 95 Ambulanzen identifiziert werden. Die Einladung der Ambulanzleiter*innen zur Teilnahme an der Befragung erfolgte per E-Mail. Die Datenerhebung fand zwischen Februar und Mai 2022 statt. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte deskriptiv.

Insgesamt haben 28 Ambulanzleiter*innen (29 %) an der Umfrage teilgenommen. Die Befragten waren zwischen 32 und 66 Jahre alt; 61 % davon (n = 17) waren männlich. Die Ambulanzen waren am häufigsten an die Fachbereiche Pneumologie (n = 10; 36 %), Innere Medizin, Psychiatrie und Psychosomatische Medizin sowie Neurologie (jeweils n = 8; 29 %) angegliedert. Nach Aussage der Ambulanzleiter*innen betrug die Wartezeit auf einen Termin in 64 % der Fälle (n = 18) mehr als einen Monat. Die Auslastung (n = 25; 89 %), die Terminnachfrage (n = 26; 93 %) sowie der Bedarf an weiteren Post-COVID-Ambulanzen (n = 20; 71 %) wurden von den Befragten als hoch bewertet. Nahezu alle Ambulanzleiter*innen gaben an, mit klinikinternen Einrichtungen (n = 27; 96 %) sowie Haus- und niedergelassenen Fachärzt*innen (jeweils n = 21; 75 %) vernetzt zu sein.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Schwerpunkt der Versorgung im Bereich der Pneumologie sowie zu gleichen Teilen in der Inneren Medizin, Psychiatrie/Psychosomatik und Neurologie. Weiterhin weisen die Ergebnisse auf einen hohen Bedarf an Post-COVID-Ambulanzen und die Notwendigkeit des Ausbaus dieses Versorgungsangebotes hin.
Manifesto for infrastructural thinking: Living with psychoanalysis in a glitch
Authors: Soreanu Raluca , Minozzo Ana
Published: April 2024

This paper is a manifesto for an infrastructural turn in psychoanalysis, proposing to look at institutions ‘slantwise’. It theorises psychoanalytic infrastructural thinking, pondering on its qualities as a particular kind of orientation to action, and showing its capacity to consider multiple transferences and ambivalence, as well as new fantasies on gain, accumulation and redistribution. It articulates the relationship between infrastructural thinking and a postural theory of the subject, centred on considering inclinations, orientations, and disorientations in relation to objects. Drawing on ethnographic and archival material, it constructs a ‘scene’ for observing infrastructural thinking at work, in psychoanalytic free clinics in Brazil, in the 1970s, and up to our times. It looks at the infrastructural creativities of the free clinics, which promise to renew the relationship of psychoanalysis with itself and with its others. Exploring the intersection of psychoanalysis and phenomenology, it traces the work of infrastructural thinking in postural moments, glitches, disorientations, or slips of the tongue.
Activists and activism success: towards a grounded conceptualisation
Authors: Rye Danny
Published: April 2024

Success is an important aspect of evaluating activism because the latter is a vehicle for political change. However, the idea of ‘success’ has proved difficult to capture in easily measurable ways. This has led some analysts to overlook its complexities and others to avoid the idea altogether, instead focusing on impacts, consequences and other seemingly less loaded terms. The definition of activism success therefore remains unsettled and under-studied. This article argues that an important perspective in evaluating activism is that of the activists themselves. What constitutes success (or not) for them must be an important consideration in defining and analysing it because it underpins the sense of purpose and value they put on what they do and helps to sustain them in the longer term. A workshop conducted with grass-roots activists in Liverpool provides useful insights towards this. The analysis of their reflections on successful activism suggests that it is still an important idea, but a complex and nuanced one that is multi-dimensional, political and contested. It reflects attitudes to a wider range of outcomes, the value of participation and attitudes to power, factors that analysts should consider incorporating into future studies.
An empirical investigation of emotion and the criminal law: towards a “criminalization bias”?
Authors: Coppelmans Jozef N. , Wagemans Fieke M. A. , van Dillen Lotte F.
Published: April 2024

This interdisciplinary study, coupling philosophy of law with empirical cognitive science, presents preliminary insight into the role of emotion in criminalization decisions, for both laypeople and legal professionals. While the traditional approach in criminalization theory emphasizes the role of deliberative and reasoned argumentation, this study hypothesizes that affective and emotional processes (i.e., disgust, as indexed by a dispositional proneness to experience disgust) are also associated with the decision to criminalize behavior, in particular virtual child pornography. To test this empirically, an online study (N = 1402) was conducted in which laypeople and legal professionals provided criminalization ratings on four vignettes adapted from criminal law, in which harmfulness and disgustingness were varied orthogonally. They also completed the 25-item Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R-NL). In line with the hypothesis, (a) the virtual child pornography vignette (characterized as low in harm, high in disgust) was criminalized more readily than the financial harm vignette (high in harm, low in disgust), and (b) disgust sensitivity was associated with the decision to criminalize behavior, especially virtual child pornography, among both lay participants and legal professionals. These findings suggest that emotion can be relevant in shaping criminalization decisions. Exploring this theoretically, the results could serve as a stepping stone towards a new perspective on criminalization, including a “criminalization bias”. Study limitations and implications for legal theory and policymaking are discussed.
Investigation of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan at the national, regional, and provincial level
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Azam Mir , Babar Zaki , Amir Saad , Said Fareyha
Published: April 2024

To achieve the sustainable development goal of “no poverty”, many attempts have been made to measure poverty so that policy intervention can target the right people with the correct intensity. Since the traditional method of a unidimensional approach using monetary indicators, such as income and consumption, is now considered insufficient, a multidimensional approach has been employed using non-monetary indicators. The latter approach encompasses the different poverty aspects affecting an individual’s capabilities and functioning. This study aimed to calculate multidimensional poverty in Pakistan using the Alkire & Foster method and Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) published by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics data for 2018–19. To further complete the research, a binary logistic regression has been run to measure the effects of a deviation in income status on multidimensional poverty to see the impact of monetary income on non-monetary measures. Results show that the national global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is 0.24, meaning that multidimensionally poor people in Pakistan experience 24% of the total deprivations. The most deprived dimension of the three is education (44.7%), which needs special attention. Furthermore, if a household’s total annual income increases and becomes more significant than the mean income of the sample, the household’s probability of being multidimensionally poor will decrease. This implies that with the increase in average national income, the national poverty will reduce not only in absolute terms but also multidimensionally. This study’s findings have several implications for policymakers, and the results of the MPI should align the allocation of public sector resources calculated to give a geographical and sectoral image of the poverty situation, which will guide policy designs and allocation of budget and resources.
Improved empirical mode decomposition method based on amplitude–frequency characteristic of vortex signals
Authors: Chen Jie , Tian Fu-Rong , Li Bin , Zhang Wei , Wan Shu-Xu , Hou Xue-Qing
Published: April 2024

The vortex flowmeter occupies a vital position in flow measurement with its unique advantages. It is essentially a fluid vibration instrument, and its measurement process is susceptible to interference, which seriously affects measurement accuracy. In particular, at low flow rates, it is an urgent problem to extract vortex signals from the complex noise. Among many signal processing methods, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is a time-frequency analysis method suitable for nonlinear, non-stationary signals. EMD can adaptively decompose noisy signals into noise and useful signal components arranged from high frequency to low frequency. For the above problems, an innovative, improved EMD method is proposed in this paper. The digital filter is designed according to the amplitude–frequency characteristic of vortex signals. After filtering, the vortex signal is adjusted to a fixed value, and high-frequency noise is filtered. According to the consistency of the filtered signal’s amplitude, we design a decomposition stop criterion for EMD to process the output signal of the vortex sensor. This method not only maintains the characteristic of adaptive decomposition in EMD but also completes the automatic extraction of the vortex signal under complex noise. It provides a new comprehensive method for realizing high-precision and anti-interference vortex flowmeters.
From physiological complexity to data interactions—A case study of recordings from exercise monitoring
Authors: Andrzejewska Małgorzata , Wróblewski Tomasz , Cygan Szymon , Ozimek Mateusz , Petelczyc Monika
Published: April 2024

The popularity of nonlinear analysis has been growing simultaneously with the technology of effort monitoring. Therefore, considering the simple methods of physiological data collection and the approaches from the information domain, we proposed integrating univariate and bivariate analysis for the rest and effort comparison. Two sessions separated by an intensive training program were studied. Nine subjects participated in the first session (S1) and seven in the second session (S2). The protocol included baseline (BAS), exercise, and recovery phase. During all phases, electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. For the analysis, we selected corresponding data lengths of BAS and exercise usually lasting less than 5 min. We found the utility of the differences between original data and their surrogates for sample entropy Sdiff and Kullback–Leibler divergence KLDdiff. Sdiff of heart rate variability was negative in BAS and exercise but its sensitivity for phases discrimination was not satisfactory. We studied the bivariate analysis of RR intervals and corresponding QT peaks by Interlayer Mutual Information (IMI) and average edge overlap (AVO) markers. While the IMI parameter decreases in exercise conditions, AVO increased in effort compared to BAS. These findings conclude that researchers should consider a bivariate analysis of extracted RR intervals and corresponding QT datasets, when only ECG is recorded during tests.
Wake steering of wind turbine in the presence of a two-dimensional hill
Authors: Mishra Alok , Arya Nitish , Bhattacharya Amitabh
Published: April 2024

Wake interference between turbines in wind farms can lead to significant losses in the overall power output from farms. Wake steering is a strategy in which yaw is introduced in the upstream turbines with respect to the incoming flow field to reduce wake interference with downstream turbines. To characterize the effectiveness of wake steering for turbines located on a hilly terrain, an open source simulator for wind farm applications has been used to perform large eddy simulations (LESs) of a 5 megawatt (MW) wind turbine located at the base of a sinusoidal hill. The height and length of the hill, as well as the turbine yaw angle, are systematically varied over a series of 10 simulations in which inflow corresponds to the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Results from the LES statistics show that, for a given yaw angle, the power output from the turbine is determined primarily by the height of the hill, rather than the length of the hill. The magnitude of the centerline wake deficit and equivalent wake radius are reduced due to the presence of hills and are not very sensitive to the yaw angle. The theoretical prediction of the wake recovery appears to qualitatively agree with the LES statistics. The yaw-induced spanwise wake deflection is not affected by the hill height significantly. Streamwise vorticity distribution within the lower half of the wake intensifies due to the presence of strong mean velocity gradients present near the surface of the hill, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in the distortion of the shape of a wake deficit cross section.
Optimized low carbon scheduling strategy of integrated energy sources considering load aggregators
Authors: Wang Xiu Li , Guo Huanyu , Wen Fushuan , Wang Kai
Published: April 2024

In the context of the global low-carbon energy development strategy, the massive influx of renewable energy leads to the instability of the power system, so it is necessary to carry out effective scheduling strategy and management mechanism for energy. On this basis, the Integrated Energy System including Electricity/Heat/Storage (EHSIES) is discussed in this paper. First, an ordered clustering method using a combination of simulated annealing and improved profile coefficients for load evolution number approximation is proposed. Second, a hybrid load clustering algorithm based on hierarchical clustering algorithm and K-means++ is presented and four types of load scenarios are obtained. Third, an Improved Harris Hawk Optimization (IHHO) algorithm based on the hybrid strategy is proposed and solved to the model of EHSIES. Finally, under the premise of the dynamic carbon trading mechanism considering historical compliance and load aggregator management, the scheduling strategies of flexible electric loads and thermal loads participating in EHSIES are discussed and solved by CPLEX. The results show that the solution time of IHHO is 50% and 33.3% lower than that of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Harris hawk optimization (HHO), and the number of iterations is 76.6% and 56.25% lower than that of PSO and HHO, respectively. In addition, considering a flexible load aggregator and a compliance-based dynamic carbon trading mechanism in EHSIES scheduling can effectively reduce the actual operating cost by 27.37%, the source-side energy spill rate by 68.75%, and the carbon emission by 51.92% and improve the operating efficiency and economic benefits of EHSIES.
Graphene-based spintronics
Authors: Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Yang Li , Jin Wen , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: April 2024

Graphene, the first isolated two-dimensional atomic crystal, is about to pass its 20th year. The last decade has been a critical period for graphene to gradually move from the laboratory to practical applications, and the research on the spin-related physical properties and various spintronic applications of graphene is still enduring. In this review, we systematically retrospect the important and state-of-art progresses about graphene-based spintronics. First, spin–orbit coupling and various tuning means in graphene have been introduced, such as adatoms, electrical control, and the proximity effect. Second, several methods for inducing magnetism in graphene are summarized, including defect, atom doping, proximity effect, and the recently attractive twisted magic-angle. Third, graphene-based lateral and vertical spin valves are discussed, along with some emergent spin transport properties, including spin injection, scattering, and relaxation. Fourth, graphene-based spin logic circuits for spin communications and multifunctional spin logic devices are exhibited. Finally, some significant opportunities and challenges of graphene-based spintronics for the fundamental physics and practical applications in the future are briefly discussed.
Observation of amplitude squeezing in a constant-current-driven distributed feedback quantum dot laser with optical feedback
Authors: Ding Shihao , Zhao Shiyuan , Huang Heming , Grillot Frédéric
Published: April 2024

We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.
On-device edge-learning for cardiac abnormality detection using a bio-inspired and spiking shallow network
Authors: Huang Zhaojing , Leung Wing Hang , Yu Leping , Herbozo Contreras Luis Fernando , Zhang Ziyao , Truong Nhan Duy , Nikpour Armin , Kavehei Omid
Published: April 2024

This work introduces on-device edge learning for cardiac abnormality detection by merging spiking 2D Convolutional Long-Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM2D) with a bio-inspired shallow neural network, referred to as Closed-form Continuous-time (CfC), to form the sCCfC model. The model achieves an F1 score and AUROC of 0.82 and 0.91 in cardiac abnormalities detection. These results are comparable to the non-spiking ConvLSTM2D–CfC (ConvCfC) model [Huang et al., J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res. (published online, 2024)]. Notably, the sCCfC model demonstrates a significantly higher energy efficiency with an estimated power consumption of 4.68 μJ/Inf (per inference) on an emulated Loihi’s neuromorphic chip architecture, in contrast to ConvCfC model’s consumption of 450 μJ/Inf on a conventional processor. In addition, as a proof-of-concept, we deployed the sCCfC model on the conventional and relatively resource-constrained Radxa Zero, which is equipped with an Amlogic S905Y2 processor for on-device training, which resulted in performance improvements. After initial training of two epochs on a conventional Graphics Processing Unit, the F1 score and AUROC improved from 0.46 and 0.65 to 0.56 and 0.73, respectively, with five additional epochs of on-device training. Furthermore, when presented with a new dataset, the sCCfC model showcases strong out-of-sample generalization capabilities that can constitute a pseudo-perspective test, achieving an F1 score and AUROC of 0.71 and 0.86, respectively. The spiking sCCfC also outperforms the non-spiking ConvCfC model in robustness regarding effectively handling missing electrocardiogram (ECG) channels during inference. The model’s efficacy extends to single-lead ECG analysis, demonstrating reasonable accuracy in this context, while the focus of our work has been on the computational and memory complexities of the model.
Effect of copper addition on mechanical properties and microstructures of LM25 cast alloys
Authors: Surani Kapil , Galindo Miguel Villagómez , Patel Hiteshkumar , Velkin Vladimir Ivanovich , Haque Siddiqui Md Irfanul , Kumar Abhinav , Giri Jayant , Ashraf Intesaaf , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: April 2024

The use of aluminum alloys in automobiles is expanding, and the potential for additional increases is significant. Further growth will be determined by improvements in material qualities for existing applications or the discovery of new applications. Alloy A-356 (LM25) is commonly employed for high-quality alloy wheel rims in various motor vehicles, constituting 40% of global car usage. This study introduces 0.2% Cu into the Al–Si–Mg alloy system to enhance the mechanical properties. The alloy blend is cast into a metal mold, subjected to a 4-h cure at 540 °C, quenched with water, and precipitation hardened for 12 h at 1800 °C. Optical and scanning electron microscopes are utilized to analyze the alkali microstructure. The mechanical properties of alloyed and unalloyed castings, including hardness and tensile test results, are examined in untreated and heat-treated states. Fracture surfaces of tensile specimens are scrutinized. Intermetallic compounds formed during solidification are studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The tensile strength under unalloyed (LM25) and alloyed (LM25 + 0.2 wt. % Cu) conditions before and after heat treatment [(72, 165.4 and 88.3, 237.1) and (78, 179.6 and 98, 252.9, respectively)] shows a significant increase.
Multifractal characterization of nystagmus eye movements
Authors: Meo M. M. , Sánchez Pavón I. , Duarte C. D. , Del Punta J. A. , Martín Herranz R. , Gasaneo G.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we investigate the multifractal properties of eye movement dynamics of children with infantile nystagmus, particularly the fluctuations of its velocity. The eye movements of three children and one adult with infantile nystagmus were evaluated in a simple task in comparison with 28 children with no ocular pathologies. Four indices emerge from the analysis: the classical Hurst exponent, the singularity strength corresponding to the maximum of the singularity spectrum, the asymmetry of the singularity spectrum, and the multifractal strength, each of which characterizes a particular aspect of eye movement dynamics. Our findings indicate that, when compared to children with no ocular pathologies, patients with infantile nystagmus present lower values of all indices. Except for the multifractal strength, the difference in the remaining indices is statistically significant. To test whether the characterization of patients with infantile nystagmus in terms of multifractality indices allows them to be distinguished from children without ocular pathologies, we performed an unsupervised clustering analysis and classified the subjects using supervised clustering techniques. The results indicate that these indices do, indeed, distinctively characterize the eye movements of patients with infantile nystagmus.
Data-driven fault diagnosis method for abnormal RF oscillation of gyrotrons
Authors: Zhang Haibiao , Wu Zege , Hu Huaichuan , Wang Xiaojie
Published: April 2024

Gyrotrons are vacuum electronic devices capable of generating high-power, high-frequency THz radiation. With the increasing utilization of gyrotrons in thermonuclear fusion experimental devices, achieving higher output performance and ensuring stable and reliable operation have become key development goals. However, occasional radio frequency (RF) oscillation faults inside the gyrotron during long-pulse operation hinder its stable and reliable operation. Due to the difficulty in directly observing abnormal changes within the gyrotron resonator during operation, this paper explores a data-driven approach to diagnose RF oscillation faults in the gyrotron for the first time and proposes a classification model that combines K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest (KNN-RForest) algorithms for fault identification. Compared with seven baseline models, the results show that our proposed KNN-RForest model has a better classification performance. It is verified that data-driven methods can effectively identify RF oscillation faults in gyrotrons. Finally, the state probabilities of the gyrotron under different power levels were predicted using the KNN-RForest model, demonstrating the application of the KNN-RForest model in identifying gyrotron RF oscillation faults, which may be helpful for setting stable operating parameters for the gyrotron to reduce the likelihood of RF oscillation faults.
A potential building block for spintronic devices: Theoretical description of electronic transport and magnetoresistance of catechol under an external magnetic field stimulus
Authors: Soto-Gómez E. Y. , Ojeda J. H. , Gil-Corrales J. A. , Gallego Daniel , Eramo Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Understanding the electronic transport properties of low-dimensional devices has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially for those with a promising future for application in nanotechnology. Among these nanoscopic systems are molecular systems, particularly organic molecules such as catechol, representing the small piece of a potential conductor assembled through larger biomolecules and inserted between two or more metal contacts. In this work, we present a theoretical description of the electronic transport of catechol, based on its π-conjugated aromatic system, under an external magnetic field stimulus, which is transverse to the alignment of the molecule. Thus, we analyze catechol’s spintronic properties through the magnetoresistance generated by this field. We model the molecule using a tight-binding Hamiltonian and Green’s functions; the transmission probability is calculated by means of the Fisher-Lee relation, and the characteristic current–voltage, spin polarization, and magnetoresistance curves based on Landauer’s approach for two linking models of catechol to the metallic contacts. The results suggest a strong dependence on the spin direction of the charge carriers and the Zeeman energy (Ez) on the Fermi level, generating a switch-like mechanism going from conducting to semiconducting material. This behavior opens a potential application of these catechol-based systems in future spintronic devices.
Phase coexistence induced surface roughness in V2O3/Ni magnetic heterostructures
Authors: Ignatova K. , Vlasov E. , Seddon S. D. , Gauquelin N. , Verbeeck J. , Wermeille D. , Bals S. , Hase T. P. A. , Arnalds U. B.
Published: April 2024

We present an investigation of the microstructure changes in V2O3 as it goes through its inherent structural phase transition. Using V2O3 films with a well-defined crystal structure deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on r-plane Al2O3 substrates, we study the phase coexistence region and its impact on the surface roughness of the films and the magnetic properties of overlying Ni magnetic layers in V2O3/Ni hybrid magnetic heterostructures. The simultaneous presence of two phases in V2O3 during its structural phase transition was identified with high resolution x-ray diffraction and led to an increase in surface roughness observed using x-ray reflectivity. The roughness reaches its maximum at the midpoint of the transition. In V2O3/Ni hybrid heterostructures, we find a concomitant increase in the coercivity of the magnetic layer correlated with the increased roughness of the V2O3 surface. The chemical homogeneity of the V2O3 is confirmed through transmission electron microscopy analysis. High-angle annular dark field imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy reveal an atomically flat interface between Al2O3 and V2O3, as well as a sharp interface between V2O3 and Ni.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in permalloy ultrathin film grown on RuO2(101) surface
Authors: Wu Yunzhuo , Cui Yongwei , Wu Tong , Pei Ke , Chen Haoran , Xu Hongyue , Qin Wentao , Ma Tianping , Che Renchao , Yuan Zhe , Wu Yizheng
Published: April 2024

Permalloy (Py) films are commonly regarded as soft magnetic materials, wherein the magnetization aligns within the film plane. Our studies reveal the presence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Py thin films deposited on the collinear antiferromagnetic RuO2(101) surface. By employing both the magneto-optical Kerr effect and the anomalous Hall effect, we identified the interfacial origin of the observed perpendicular anisotropy, quantifying it with an interfacial anisotropy energy of approximately 0.77 erg/cm2. Current-induced magnetization switching in Py/RuO2(101) has been achieved under an in-plane field, with the current applied along both [010] and [10 1¯] directions. Py films exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy offer an innovative material platform for investigating the spin–orbit effect, holding significant potential for spintronics applications.
All-dielectric grating-assisted absorption enhancement in a subwavelength mercury cadmium telluride layer for infrared photodetectors
Authors: Sojib Md. , Sayeed R. , Avrutin V. , Özgür Ü. , Dhar N. K.
Published: April 2024

Light absorption enhancement in a 1.5 μm thick mercury–cadmium–telluride (Hg0.762Cd0.238Te, MCT) layer at room temperature utilizing 1D dielectric grating at mid-wave infrared (MWIR) wavelengths (3–5 μm) has been theoretically investigated. The optimized dielectric grating facilitates light diffraction and scattering into the MCT-absorbing waveguiding layer resulting in an increased lateral optical path. The light absorption was improved from ∼37.5% to ∼71% (TE) and ∼70% (TM) at normal incidence. With enhanced absorption, the photocarrier generation rate in the thin layer would be comparable to a bulk 5 μm thick MCT layer. A ∼3× reduction in the MCT layer thickness without compromising absorption has the potential for realizing infrared photodetectors with improved sensitivity at conventional operating temperatures and/or elevated operating temperatures.
Excellent sodium metal deposition enabled by three-dimensional porous structures with natrophilic Ni-Sn alloy
Authors: Sun Xiang , Wang Xia , Xiang Lixiao , Wang Yunfei , Wang Yuanhao , Li Na , Deng Wei , Yang Wenhua , Li Shandong
Published: April 2024

Na metal has long been an ideal potential anode material for sodium secondary batteries due to its own superiority; however, the Na dendrite problem during cycling makes it face a great obstacle in application. Here, we grow sodiophilic thin film materials with tin and nickel-tin components uniformly on three-dimensional nickel foam (3D-Ni) to obtain a 3D sodiophilic composite framework (namely 3D-NiSn) using a reproducible and mass-produced electrodeposition strategy. The combination of sodiophilic film (NiSn) and 3D porous framework could lower nucleation overpotential of Na and accelerate ions diffusion, hence inducing the uniform deposition and reversible stripping of sodium and inhibiting the growth of Na dendrites, which makes the 3D-NiSn/Na composite anode exhibit good performance compared to 3D-Ni/Na and Na-foil. The symmetrical cells with 3D-NiSn/Na can maintain up to 2500 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 with a low overpotential of around 30 mV during the whole cycling process. Additionally, the 3D-NiSn/NaǁNa3V2(PO4)3 full cells deliver good cycle stability with a high specific capacity of around 98.1 mAh g−1 at 3C for over 600 cycles. This work provides an idea for constructing low-cost and commercially available Na metal electrodes toward high-performance SIBs.
Surface-state-related carrier dynamics of GaAs determined by UV-visible pump-probe terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Zhai D. , Hérault E. , Garet F. , Coutaz J.-L.
Published: April 2024

The surface velocity and the bulk lifetime of photo-excited free carriers in GaAs were measured using an optical-pump and THz-probe time-domain technique. By varying the pump laser photon energy from 1.56 to 4.15 eV, we observe that the surface velocity drops abruptly from 0.7×106 cm/s down to 0.2×106 cm/s at 2.5 eV, while the bulk lifetime remains almost constant. We tentatively explain this step-like behavior of the surface velocity vs the photon energy by a trapping of the free carriers at surface states, whose density of states shows a maximum at 2.5 eV.
Nano-kirigami/origami fabrications and optical applications
Authors: Chen Yingying , Li Xiaowei , Jiang Lan , Wang Yang , Li Jiafang
Published: April 2024

Emerging nano-kirigami/origami technology enables the flexible transformations of 2D planar patterns into exquisite 3D structures in situ and has aroused great interest in the areas of nanophotonics and optoelectronics. This paper briefly reviews some milestone research and breakthrough progresses in nano-kirigami/origami from the aspects of stimuli approaches and application directions. Versatile stimuli for kirigami/origami, including capillary force, residual stress, mechanical force, and irradiation-induced stress, are introduced in the micro/nanoscale region. Appealing optical applications and reconfigurable schemes of nano-kirigami/origami structures are summarized, offering effective routes to realize tunable nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices. Future challenges and promising pathways are also envisioned, including design methods, innovative materials, multi-physics field driving, and reprogrammable devices.
Hydrodynamic force and torque models for cylindrical particles in a wide range of aspect ratios
Authors: Wang Jingliang , Chen Xinke , Ma Lun , Jiang Maoqiang , Fang Qingyan , Tan Peng , Zhang Cheng , Chen Gang , Yin Chungen
Published: April 2024

During the pneumatic conveyance of biomass in a coal-fired power station boiler, biomass particles have cylindrical shapes with different aspect ratios. They move through the fluid at any angle and rotate strongly. However, highly accurate and general models of the drag, lift, and torque coefficients (CD, CL, and CT) for biomass particles in a wide range of aspect ratios, especially the CT model and the high aspect ratios, are currently lacking. This paper presents detailed direct numerical simulations of the flow around cylindrical cylinders with varying aspect ratios (6 ≤ AR ≤ 22), Reynolds numbers (100 ≤ Re ≤ 2000), and angles of incidence (0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°). The simulation was conducted using the OpenFOAM solver with the body-fitted mesh method. The flow characteristics and force coefficients of cylindrical particles with different AR were systematically analyzed. New functional correlations between CD, CL, and CT and AR, Re, and θ values were established. The mean squared errors for CD, CL, and CT were 8.8 × 10–2, 2.4 × 10–2, and 4.7 × 10–2, with average relative errors of 5.8%, 3.5%, and 8.17%, respectively. A comparison of the results with other experimental and simulation data in previous literatures showed that the new CD and CL models have considerable higher predictive ability. The generality of the new CD model expanding to low ARs of 1.5 and 3 is verified finally. The new force and torque models are expected to improve the accuracy of Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of various cylindrical particle-laden flows in the utility of biomass energy.