bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Tocopherol vs Chlorhexidine in the Management of Oral Biopsy Site: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Baldin Arianna , Nucibella Clara , Manera Claudia , Bacci Christian
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is widely regarded as the gold standard for oral mucosa antiseptic treatments but has been associated with delayed healing, scar formation, microbiome alterations, and fibroblast toxicity. Tocopherol, with its ability to accelerate tissue healing and minimal side effects, has emerged as a potential alternative. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of topical tocopherol acetate and 0.2% chlorhexidine in managing postoperative pain and wound healing following oral cavity biopsies. Methods: Seventy-seven patients undergoing oral biopsies were divided into two groups: the test group (tocopherol acetate) and the control group (0.2% chlorhexidine). Pain was assessed using VAS scores on days 1 and 6 postoperatively, and wound healing was evaluated through measurements of the biopsy site's height and width from standardized photographs analyzed with ImageJ. Painkiller use was also documented. The study followed CONSORT guidelines, with ethical approval from the Padua Ethics Committee and registration on ISRCTN. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups in VAS scores, wound dimensions, or painkiller use (p>0.05). However, significant pain reduction within each group was observed (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Tocopherol acetate showed comparable efficacy to chlorhexidine, suggesting it could be a viable alternative for postoperative care in oral surgery
The Relationship Between Dietary Factors and Skin Cancer Development: Clinical Relevance
Authors: Black Homer S.
Published: January 2025

Globally, skin cancer accounts for more than all other malignancies combined. Skin cancer imposes a significant financial and societal burden. UVR exposure is responsible for 90% of skin cancer and is a major source of exogenous free radicals. The free radical theory of aging and cancer led to the investigation of polyunsaturated lipids, antioxidants (including synthetic phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids) and ß-carotene as potential modulators of UVR-carcinogenesis. Experimentally, both dietary lipids and antioxidants modified the tumor latent period and multiplicity. Increasing levels of omega-6 fatty acids exacerbated UVR-carcinogenesis in a near linear fashion. However, omega-3 fatty acid inhibited UVR-carcinogenesis. Both types of lipids exhibit the same level of saturation. Thus, the inhibition of UVR-carcinogenesis by omega-3 fatty acid must rest with differential metabolic intermediates that each generate, both tumor-promoting and immune-modulating. Clinically, a low-fat dietary intervention trial has shown that reduced fat intake significantly reduces the occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants and ß-carotene into the complex milieu of the cell with its own intricate and complex free radical defense system has resulted in detrimental responses and antioxidant dietary supplements, as well as ß-carotene, are no longer recommended for the public as a mean to prevent cancer.
A Quantum Probability Approach to Improving Human-AI Decision-Making
Authors: Humr Scott , Canan Mustafa , Demir Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is set to incorporate expanded decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision-making also entail human rationalization of AI outputs. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may introduce uncertainties into human decision-making, necessitating new conceptualizations to improve the predictability of these interactions. The application of quantum probability theory (QPT) to human cognition is on the ascent and warrants potential consideration in human-AI decision-making to improve outcomes. This perspective paper explores how QPT may be applied to human-AI interactions and contributes by integrating these concepts into human-in-the-loop decision-making. To capture this and offer a more comprehensive conceptualization, we use human-in-the-loop constructs to explicate how recent applications of QPT can ameliorate the models of interaction by providing a novel way to capture emergent behaviors. Followed by a summary of the challenges posed by human-in-the-loop systems, we discuss emerging theories that advance models of the cognitive system by using quantum probability formalisms. We conclude by outlining areas of promising future research in human-AI decision-making in which proposed methods may apply.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review of Nutritional Aspects and Main Interventions
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Araújo Liubiana Arantes de , Ued Fábio da Veiga , Contini Andrea Aparecida , Nogueira-de-Almeida Maria Eduarda , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , Ferraz Ivan Savioli , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carla C. J. , Fisberg Mauro
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore recent findings on how nutritional, gastrointestinal, social, and epigenetic factors interact in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), highlighting their implications for clinical management and intervention strategies that could improve development and quality of life of affected children. Sources: Published materials from main scientific databases were included, providing a narrative review of recent or current literature. Scope constraints determined the completeness of the search. Summary of the findings: Children with ASD have restrictive eating habits and often exhibit food selectivity with either hyper- or hypo-sensory characteristics. This review provides an overview of the literature on diagnosis and intervention strategies for selectivity in ASD, including the involvement of family members in meals, sharing a healthy diet and positive relationship with food, and the importance of exploring visual, olfactory, and tactile experiences of food and introducing new foods through play activities to expand the food repertoire. Modifications in the microbiota and gastrointestinal disorders may also be present in ASD and are presented due to their frequent nutritional repercussions. The medium and long-term implications of food preferences and behavior issues for nutritional status are also discussed, given the tendency for children with ASD to consume low-quality and energy-dense foods, leading to nutritional problems. Conclusions: Children with ASD have feeding difficulties, especially selectivity, gastrointestinal problems, changes in the microbiota and can evolve with micronutrient deficiencies, malnutrition and obesity. This review describes the evidence for possible targets for interventions aiming to improve nutritional health for children with ASD.
Tennis Serve Speed in Relation to Isokinetic Shoulder Strength, Height, and Segmental Body Mass in Junior Players
Authors: Vacek Jan , Vagner Michal , Malecek Jan , Stastny Petr
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The relationship between isokinetic maximal strength of internal or external shoulder rotation and serve speed in tennis is well-established, yet the influence of segmental mass, height, and high-speed shoulder rotation strength on serve performance in junior players remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between concentric or eccentric isokinetic shoulder strength, segmental mass, height, and first-serve speed aimed at the T-target zone. Methods: Fifteen male junior competitive tennis players (mean ± SD: age 15.9 ± 0.9 years; height 180.1 ± 7.2 cm; body mass 66.1 ± 5.7 kg) were assessed for maximal isokinetic strength during concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotations. Segmental mass (arm, leg, and trunk) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serve speed was recorded using a radar gun. Results: Concentric shoulder rotations at 210°/s demonstrated significant positive correlations with serve speed for both external (ρ = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01) and internal rotation (ρ = 0.61, p ≤ 0.05). Although lean arm mass partially mediated the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed (indirect effect = 0.502, 95% CI: −0.156 to 1.145), this mediation effect was not statistically significant. Height was moderately correlated with serve speed (ρ = 0.68, p ≤ 0.01) but did not moderate the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed. Conclusions: Concentric shoulder strength at higher angular velocities and segmental mass contribute to serve speed in junior tennis players. While height provides structural advantages, strength and lean mass play important roles, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs.
Economic and Geographical Impact of Development Poles in the Countries of the South: Industrial and Commercial Transformations of the Forestry Sector in Gabon
Authors: Maganga Junior Maganga , Jia Xiangping , Nguema Ndoutoumou Pamphile
Published: January 2025

Gabon's decision to stop exports of forestry raw materials and to develop an industrialization strategy made it possible to apply certain theories of regional growth. The creation of the Nkok Special Economic Zone in 2012 (considered a homogeneous space unlike the external zone of the SEZ, considered heterogeneous) and the improvement of infrastructure illustrate the use of Rosenstein-Rodan's "Big push" theories and the Douglass North export base). These investments have fostered a process of unbalanced economic polarization, as theorists such as François Perroux have studied. Thanks to the use of the “Bias-Corrected Estimation of linear dynamic panel data” model, the analysis of industrial and commercial relationships and mechanisms during the period 2014-2022 show that the homogeneous space has positively influenced the heterogeneous space and the macroenvironment. This led to an increase in industrial income linked to exports, except for forestry products due to the ban on the export of raw materials. Export revenues boosted industrial production, while an increase in industrial revenues led to a decline in raw material exports, favoring domestic processing. The study makes it possible, using data from short and unbalanced panels, to carry out suitable estimation methods by establishing a decision-making process which results in an optimal model to be used for modeling spatial imbalance. This polarization process needs to be further studied to understand long-term economic and geographic imbalances in developing countries.
Robotic Surgery in the Management of Renal Tumors During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: DELL'ATTI LUCIO , Slyusar Viktoria
Published: January 2025

Renal masses are uncommon during pregnancy, they represent the most frequently encountered urological cancer in pregnant patients and require careful surgical planning. The introduction of robotic surgical systems aims to address these challenges by simplifying intra-corporeal suturing and reducing technical complexity. Robot-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery offers potential benefits over both open surgery and conventional laparoscopy, providing greater precision and reduced invasiveness, particularly in tumor excision and suturing. Although urological tumors during pregnancy are rare, early detection significantly improves outcomes by enabling intervention before the tumor advances and while the uterus remains relatively small. The decision regarding the timing and necessity of surgery in pregnant patients requires a careful assessment of maternal health, fetal development, and the progression of the disease. Risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes should be explained, and the patient’s decision about pregnancy termination should be considered. Radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery are essential treatments for management of renal tumors. Effective management demands close collaboration between a multidisciplinary team and the patient to ensure individualized care. The aim of this review was to evaluate the renal tumors during pregnancy in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and the safety of a Robot-assisted laparoscopic approach in the management of these tumors.
Hviid et al. 2019 Vaccine-Autism Study: Much Ado About Nothing?
Authors: Hammond Jeremy , Varia Jeet , Hooker Brian
Published: January 2025

The controversy surrounding measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism has been ongoing for over 30 years. It is rooted in the gaslit, parent-led, grassroots movements of the 1990s and was further fueled by a case-series clinical study in 1998 by Wakefield et al., which hypothesized a causal link between MMR vaccination, gut inflammation, and autism. This controversy cascaded through numerous observational studies and reports by the US Institute of Medicine (IoM), culminating in 2019 with a population-based observational study by Hviid et al. This study was hailed at the time by the US media and medical establishment as conclusive proof that the MMR vaccine does not increase the risk of autism, even among “genetically susceptible children”. However, as detailed in this critical review, Hviid et al. did not faithfully intend or interpret the data to test this hypothesis and, therefore, cannot possibly have falsified it. We elucidate methodological flaws, discrepancies, irreproducibility, and conflicts of interest for Hviid et al. We further conjecture that researchers who faithfully serve the status quo of a vaccine orthodoxy know how to design studies to produce the desired results. In addition, we further illustrate that the conclusion from Hviid et al. cannot be generalized to the CDC childhood vaccination schedule, salient features of which have remained oblivious to so many opinion leaders, regulators, mainstream media, and professional associations in the USA. Looking at the broader picture, in the post-COVID-19 era, stereotyping, social stigma, shunning, condescension, and polarization of parents who choose not to vaccinate their children have only been exacerbated and intensified. We would retort that health freedom, parental autonomy, and open, frank, and honest scientific debate, not consensus or censorship, are the only pathways to foster real advancements for true service to our children, families, and the wider society. On this basis, we would propose a moratorium on the stigmatization and dichotomization of the unvaccinated, the vaccine-injured, and vaccine critics, as well as an end to mandates for childhood vaccines for school entry.
Comparison of The Effects of Nintedanib And Pirfenidone on Pulmonary Function Test Parameters And Radiological Findings In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; A Real-Life Study
Authors: Aycicek Olcay , Keskin Serra , Haciosmanoglu Muhammed , Oztuna Funda , Bulbul Yilmaz , Ozlu Tevfik
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The aim of our study is to compare the effects of pirfenidone and nintedanib on lung function and radiologic findings in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Methods:
The data of patients who were treated in our department for at least one year between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2022 and who were started on Pirfenidone or Nintedanib treatment with the diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups as nintedanib and pirfenidone groups, and both groups were compared in terms of progression in lung function tests and radiological findings within 1 year after diagnosis.
Results:
The study included 109 patients. The number of patients treated with pirfenidone (IPF patients) was 82 (75,2%) and the number of patients treated with nintedanib was 27 (24,8%). When the PFT values at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were compared with the baseline values in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in any parameter between the two groups. No significant difference was found in terms of radiological progression at the end of 1 year in both groups.
Discussion:
The results of our study show that pirfenidone and nintedanipine are equivalent in their effectiveness in preventing disease progression in patients with IPF.
Non-Uniform Voxelisation for Point Cloud Compression
Authors: Hauwermeiren Bert Van , Denis Leon , Munteanu Adrian
Published: January 2025

Point cloud compression is essential for the efficient storage and transmission of 3D data in various applications, such as virtual reality, autonomous driving, and 3D modelling. Most existing compression methods employ voxelisation, all of which uniform, to partition 3D space into voxels for more efficient compression. However, uniform voxelisation may not capture the underlying geometry of complex scenes effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel non-uniform voxelisation technique for point cloud geometry compression. Our method adaptively adjusts voxel sizes based on local point density, preserving geometric details while enabling more accurate reconstructions. Through comprehensive experiments on well-known benchmark datasets, ScanNet and ModelNet, we demonstrate that our approach achieves better compression ratios and reconstruction quality in comparison to traditional uniform voxelisation methods. The results highlight the potential of non-uniform voxelisation as a viable and effective alternative, offering improved performance for point cloud geometry compression in a wide range of real-world scenarios.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Pack-Level Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Yifan , Hu Zhong
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a primary choice for environmentally friendly transportation. Among the current available battery types, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most favored by car companies. Li-ion batteries are rechargeable with high energy storage density and tend to generate excess heat during operation. In EVs, the batteries are arranged in the battery pack (BP), which has a small layout space and difficulty in dissipating heat. Therefore, in EVs, the battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are critical to manage heat to ensure safety and performance, particularly under higher operating temperatures and longer discharge conditions. To solve this problem, in this article, the thermal analysis models of a 3-battery-cell BP were created, including natural air cooling without a BTMS, natural air cooling with water cooling hybrid BTMS, and forced air cooling plus water cooling composite BTMS. The thermal performances of the pack-level BPs were simulated and analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A variety of boundary conditions and working parameters, such as ambient temperature, inlet coolant flowrate and initial temperature, discharge rate, air flowrate and initial temperature, were considered. The results show that without a BTMS, the temperature in the BP rises rapidly and continuously to above the recommended operating temperature range (ROTR) under the discharge rate of 2C or above. With a hybrid BTMS, the temperature in BP is slightly above the ROTR. While with a composite BTMS, the temperature is within the ROTR. In addition, lowering the initial coolant temperature or air temperature can effectively decrease the temperatures in BP. Finally, the thermal performances of the different battery cells in the BP with different cooling systems and at the different positions of the BP were compared and analyzed. The present work may contribute to the design of BTMSs in the EV industry.
Mechanical Characterization and Modeling of GF Reinforced PA Built by AM
Authors: Avalle Massimiliano , Frascio Mattia
Published: January 2025

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology with the greatest potential impact on many engineering applications. Among the AM technologies, material extrusion is particularly interesting for plastic components due to its versatility and cost effectiveness. There is, however, a limited knowledge of design methods to predict the mechanical strength of parts built by material extrusion. The materials are polymers, sometimes also reinforced, and deposited in layers like in laminated composites. Therefore, the mechanical behavior, and strength, can be characterized and modeled with methods already known for composite materials. Such tools are the classical lamination theory (CLT) and the failure criteria for composites. In the paper data from simple tensile tests on layered AM samples built by material extrusion have been tested to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling with the mentioned tools, and the material properties for predicting stiffness and strength of components built with that technique are identified.
Early Polytherapy for Probably Benzodiazepine-Refractory Status Epilepticus (Stage 1 Plus)
Authors: Magro Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Stage 1 Plus is defined here as a naïve Status Epilepticus (SE) that is probably refractory to Benzodiazepines (BDZ). These cases include not only Prolonged SE as previously proposed by the author (SE lasting > 10 minutes) but also other cases notoriously associated with BDZ refractoriness such as the absence of prominent motor phenomena and acute etiology (especially in primary central nervous system etiology). Interestingly, the absence of prominent motor phenomena as is the case of Non-Convulsive SE might implicitly fall in the category of prolonged SE as per delay in recognition and treatment. Future studies should help identify other factors associated with BDZ refractoriness, therefore widening the definition of Stage 1 Plus. These cases of naïve SE might require a different approach: combined polytherapy from the start.
Preoperative Diaphragm Muscle Atrophy Increases the Likelihood of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Lung Cancer Resection: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kocjan Janusz , Rydel Mateusz , Czyżewski Damian , Adamek Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Various conditions contribute to the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following thoracic surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative diaphragm dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of PPCs after lung cancer resection. Methods: We prospectively examined 45 patients scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy or open thoracotomy. Relevant clinical data were retrieved from hospital database records, while diaphragm muscle assessed using ultrasound. Results: Our results demonstrated that preoperative diaphragm muscle atrophy was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing PPCs compared to patients with normal diaphragm thickness. Diaphragm atrophy was also linked to prolonged hospital stays. Additionally, we observed a moderate correlation between expiratory diaphragm thickness and the number of PPCs. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for predicting and screening high-risk patients for PPCs after lobectomy for lung cancer. Importantly, unlike other predictive factors such as age, COPD, or smoking, diaphragmatic atrophy is a modifiable risk factor that can potentially be addressed through early therapeutic intervention.
Health Implications of Mycotoxins in the Food Chain: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Risk Assessment – A Review
Authors: Maurya Urwashi
Published: January 2025

Imagine a world where every meal we consume could carry an invisible threat—one that lurks silently in the foods we rely on for nourishment. This threat is not an immediate danger that we can see or taste, but a slow, insidious poison that can wreak havoc on our health over time. Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi, are found in a wide range of agricultural products, from maize to peanuts, and even coffee and spices. These naturally occurring substances, while invisible to the naked eye, have devastating effects on human health, causing cancer, liver damage, immune suppression, and neurological disorders. In regions where food security is already fragile, the dangers posed by mycotoxins are especially severe, exacerbating the ongoing battle against hunger and malnutrition.As the climate continues to change, the conditions that foster mycotoxin-producing fungi—warmer temperatures, erratic rainfall, and more frequent extreme weather events—are becoming increasingly prevalent. These shifts in climate are not only altering the way we grow our food but are also expanding the geographical range and severity of mycotoxin contamination. The traditional methods of assessing the risks associated with mycotoxins, though valuable, no longer suffice in predicting the growing complexity of this issue. The emergence of new sources of contamination, such as plant-based food products, further complicates our understanding of how to protect the global food chain.This paper tells the story of mycotoxins not just as a scientific challenge but as a pressing public health crisis that requires immediate action. It explores the need for innovative approaches to risk assessment—methods that go beyond the conventional and embrace the potential of machine learning, multi-omics technologies, and real-time monitoring systems. These novel tools have the power to revolutionize the way we detect, predict, and manage mycotoxin contamination, offering new hope in our fight to protect both human health and global food security.The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and practical food safety strategies. It brings together the latest scientific advances with real-world solutions, offering actionable recommendations for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders. Through collaboration and innovation, we can build a future where the threat of mycotoxins no longer undermines the integrity of our food systems. But to do so, we must act now—before the cost of inaction becomes too great to ignore.
Resveratrol Attenuates Fibrosis and Alters Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle, and Adipose Tissue without Reversing the Structural Damage
Authors: Strunz Célia Maria Cássaro , Roggerio Alessandra , Cruz Paula Lázara , Benvenuti Luiz Alberto , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , Mansur Antonio de Padua
Published: January 2025

Resveratrol (RSV) improves metabolic and cardiovascular functions, but its tissue-specific effects on diabetes remain unclear. This study investigated RSV's impact on cardiac and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in a rat diabetes model. Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control (C), control treated with RSV (RC), diabetic (D), and diabetic treated with RSV (RD). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin and nicotinamide. After two weeks, RC and RD groups received RSV for six weeks. Histological and protein expression analyses were performed on cardiac, skeletal muscle, and visceral fat tissues. RSV significantly reduced collagen accumulation in diabetic cardiac and skeletal muscles compared to untreated diabetic rats. Adipose tissue in diabetic rats exhibited the most notable reduction in collagen levels following RSV treatment (D/C: 30.15, IQ: 9.66–50.36 vs. RD/C: 8.88, IQ: 4.86–19.06, p < 0.01).In cardiac tissue, RSV downregulated AKT and rpS6 phosphorylation. In skeletal muscle, RSV suppressed rpS6 phosphorylation and in adipose tissue, RSV enhanced mTOR and PPARα expression. RSV reduced receptor for advanced glycation end products expression across all examined tissues, indicating its role in modulating pathways driven by hyperglycemia. Although RSV improved fibrosis and signaling pathways, it did not reverse structural damage or metabolic dysfunction. These results highlight the need for further studies to refine RSV-based therapies for diabetes-induced tissue damage.
Molecular Regulation of Palatogenesis and Clefting: An Integrative Analysis of Genetic, Epigenetic Networks, and Environmental Interactions
Authors: Im Hyuna , Song Yujeong , Jung Young Hyun , Kim Jae Kyeom , Park Dae-Kyoon , Kim Duk-Soo , Kim Hankyu , Shin Jeong-Oh
Published: January 2025

Palatogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring temporospatially coordinated cellular and molecular events. The following review focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental aspects directing palatal formation and their implication in orofacial clefting genesis. Essential for palatal shelf development and elevation (TGF-β, BMP, FGF, and WNT), the subsequent processes of fusion (SHH) and proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells are controlled through signaling pathways. Interruptions to these processes may result in the birth defect cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), which happens in approximately 1 in every 700 live births worldwide. Recent progress has emphasized epigenetic regulations via the class of non-coding RNAs with microRNAs based on critically important biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These environmental risks (maternal smoking, alcohol, retinoic acid, and folate deficiency) interact with genetic and epigenetic factors during palatogenesis, while teratogens like dexamethasone and TCDD inhibit palatal fusion. Orofacial cleft: genetic, epigenetic, and environmental impact on the complex epidemiology This is an extensive review, offering current perspectives on gene-environment interactions, as well as non-coding RNAs, in palatogenesis and emphasizing open questions regarding these interactions in palatal development.
Smart Cities as a Pathway to Sustainable Urbanism in the Arab World: A Case Analysis of Saudi Cities
Authors: Alqahtany Ali M.
Published: January 2025

Rapid urbanization in Saudi Arabia, driven by economic development and population growth, has posed significant challenges to urban planning, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. In response, smart cities have emerged as a transformative solution, intertwining technological innovation with sustainable urbanism. This study explores the potential of smart cities to address Saudi Arabia’s urban challenges, aligning with Vision 2030’s goals. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining theoretical analysis of global smart city frameworks with applied research, including field observations and policy analysis of Saudi initiatives. The study examines the interplay between technology, governance, and sustainability, offering a comparative perspective that benchmarks Saudi efforts against international best practices. A key outcome of the research is a proposed multi-dimensional framework for promoting sustainable smart cities in Saudi Arabia. The framework emphasizes data-driven governance, environmental resilience, social inclusivity, and economic innovation. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable urban development, positioning Saudi Arabia as a regional leader in smart city implementation. By addressing global urbanization challenges through innovation and sustainability, the research underscores the transformative potential of smart cities to create resilient and equitable urban environments for future generations.
Assessing Cardiac Sympatho-Vagal Balance Through Wavelet Transform Analysis of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Nelushi Adhikari Mudiyanselage , Manathunga C.H. , Gamage Shantha , Nakayama Tadachika
Published: January 2025

Heart rate variability (HRV) which is the variation between consecutive heartbeats reflects the electrical activity of the heart and provides insight into autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. This study uses wavelet transform-based HRV feature extraction to investigate cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. Both Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) methods were applied in different steps. DWT was used for R-peak detection and CWT and MODWT were used to generate spectrograms from RR intervals. Frequency components (HF, LF, VLF) within 0.003-0.4Hz were extracted, and power estimation was performed. The LF/HF ratio, indicating sympatho-vagal balance, was calculated. ECG data from 42 arrhythmia patients and 18 normal sinus rhythm subjects were analyzed. The results showed a lower LF/HF ratio in arrhythmia patients, with higher HF power in arrhythmia subjects and higher LF power in normal sinus rhythm subjects. The study suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system dominates the ANS in arrhythmia patients, while the sympathetic nervous system dominates in normal sinus rhythm patients.
INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND COPING STRATEGIES ON FOOTBALL PERFORMANCE POPDA BANTEN STUDENT-ATHLETES 2024
Authors: Nurgofar Dzulfikar , Setiakarnawijaya Yasep , Dlis Firmansyah
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the direct and indirect influence of emotional intelligence, physical fitness and coping strategies on football performance. The population in this study was 66 athletes from POPDA Banten 2024 using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and documentation in the form of match videos. The data was then analyzed using the path analysis method with a quantitative approach. The path coefficient value of emotional intelligence on physical fitness is 0.696;sig= 0.000<0.05 which means that emotional intelligence has a positive effect on physical fitness. The path coefficient value of coping strategies on physical fitness is 0.571;sig= 0.002<0.05, which means that coping strategies have a negative effect on physical fitness. The path coefficient value of physical fitness on football performance is 0.571;sig= 0.048<0.05 which means that physical fitness has a positive effect on football performance. The path coefficient value of emotional intelligence and physical fitness on football performance is 0.510;sig= 0.000<0.05 which means that emotional intelligence has a positive effect on football performance. The coefficient value of coping strategies and physical fitness on football performance is -0.470;sig= 0.000<0.05 which means that coping strategies have a negative effect on football performance.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOADING TRAINING TOOL TO TRAIN WATER POLO JUMPS AND SHOTS BASED ON WATER BACK SPIDER (WBS)
Authors: Manzilina Sarah , Sukur Abdul , Hartono Fajar Vidya
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan  data ilmiah tentang pengembangan alat latihan beban cabang olahraga polo air untuk meningkatkan hasil latihan lompatan dan tembakan pada atlet polo air. Sampel diambil berjumlah 20 atlet polo air yang telah berusia 16 tahun yang tergabung didalam pemusatan latihan daerah DKI Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode R&D dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan  uji hasil kelayakan oleh ahli terdapat nilai 98% pada efektifitas alat, 95% pada  fungsi alat dan 75% pada desain alat. Berdasarkan uji reabilitas instrument menggunakan formula Kuder dan Richardson 21 (KR 21), sedangkan uji validitas untuk pilihan ganda menggunakan korelasi poin biserial.  Pengujian reabilitas menggunakan SPSS terdapat nilai Cronch’s Alpha kuisioner uji efektifitas alat pembebanan berbasis water back spider (WBS) pada uji reabilitas adalah 1,48610103. Uji efektifitas diperoleh rerata pre-test 8,90 dan post-test 16,00 dengan standar deviasi 1,210 serta 1,747. Terdapat pada tabel uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 memiliki Sig. (2-tailed) 0,001. Hasil p-value Sig. (2 – Sided) < 0,05, maka alat pembebanan berbasis water back spider (WBS) dapat meningkatkan hasil lompatan dan juga tembakan secara signifikan.
This study aims to obtain scientific data on the development of water polo weight training tools to improve the results of jumping and shooting training for water polo athletes. Samples were taken totaling 20 water polo athletes who were 16 years old who were members of the DKI Jakarta regional training camp. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was then analyzed using the R&D method with a quantitative approach. Based on the feasibility test results by experts there is a value of 98% on the effectiveness of the tool, 95% on the function of the tool and 75% on the tool design. Based on the instrument reliability test using the Kuder and Richardson 21 (KR 21) formula, while the validity test for multiple choice uses biserial point correlation. Reliability testing using SPSS there is a Cronch's Alpha value for the effectiveness test questionnaire for the water back spider (WBS) based loading tool in the reliability test is 1.48610103. The effectiveness test obtained a mean pre-test of 8.90 and post-test of 16.00 with a standard deviation of 1.210 and 1.747. The t-test table with a significance level of 0.05 has Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001. The p-value result of Sig. (2 - Sided) <0.05, then the water back spider (WBS) based loading tool can significantly improve jumping and shooting results.
Keywords: Water Polo, Jump, Shot.
CULTURAL PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN SPORTS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON FEMALE ATHLETE PARTICIPATION
Authors: Primanata Dani
Published: January 2025

Abstract This study aims to explore the influence of cultural perceptions regarding gender equality on the participation of female athletes in sports. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey approach. The population in this study were female athletes who are active in various sports in Indonesia, and the sample consisted of 150 respondents who were selected randomly. The research instrument was a questionnaire that measured cultural perceptions and the level of participation of female athletes. The data analysis technique was carried out through linear regression analysis to test the relationship between variables. The results showed that cultural perceptions regarding gender equality had a positive and significant effect on the participation of female athletes, with a significance value of 0.000. As much as 39.3% of the variability in female athlete participation can be explained by cultural perceptions, while the rest is influenced by other factors such as social support and access to sports facilities. This study concludes that changes in cultural perceptions can encourage greater participation of female athletes in sports. To achieve this goal, collaboration is needed between various parties, including the government, sports organizations, and the media, to create an environment that supports gender equality in sports.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING STRATEGIES AND CONFIDENCE ON BASKETBALL DRIBBLE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Permana Indra
Published: January 2025

Abstract Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the factors that influence basketball dribble learning are also relevant. Psychological factors such as motivation, perception of self-esteem, and coping strategies in the face of failure can also influence player learning outcomes. Thus, this research not only explores the technical aspects of learning, but also expands our view of the psychological dynamics involved in the learning process of sports skills. Basketball Dribble is one of the demands in the learning process of PJOK in High School. In the process of learning of course each student has different skills – different. In this case, PJOK teachers are charged with using learning strategies that make it possible to match students. This research is a 2×2 factorial design experiment because it consists of two factors and each factor has two levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether the two learning strategies, the Inkuiri Learning Strategy (SPI) and the Problem-Based Learning Strategies (SPBM), had a greater influence on Dtibble basketball learning outcomes.
OPTIMISING LOCOMOTOR BASIC MOTION LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH THE "MOTION CIRCUIT" PLAYING MODEL FOR GRADE 3 STUDENTS
Authors: Waluyo  , Nugroho Djoko , Putro Baskoro Nugroho , Syaifullah Rony , Mukholid Agus , Sabarini Sri Santoso , Liskustyawati Hanik
Published: January 2025

Developing basic locomotor skills is crucial for elementary students, yet conventional teaching methods at SDN 1 Boyolali have led to low engagement and suboptimal outcomes. This study explores the "Motion Circuit" play-based model as a solution, using fun and interactive activities to create a more engaging learning environment for locomotor skills. Through Classroom Action Research (CAR), the model is applied in planning, action, observation, and reflection cycles, allowing for real-time assessment and refinement of teaching strategies. CAR’s structured, collaborative approach supports skill acquisition and effective learning, which the "Motion Circuit" model aims to achieve at SDN 1 Boyolali. Over two research cycles, results showed a significant increase in competencies across affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains, with outcomes of 100% affective, 82.86% cognitive, and 97.14% psychomotor benchmarks achieved by Cycle II. This engaging model proved highly effective for improving student motivation, comprehension, and physical skills, making it a valuable alternative to traditional Physical Education methods by promoting skill acquisition and a positive learning attitude.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FOOTBALL PASSING LEARNING MODEL FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Alparis Lutvi
Published: January 2025

Abstract The aim of this research is to produce a product in the form of Developing a Football Passing Learning Model for Class  Middle School Students. Analyze the process of developing a soccer passing learning model for class  students, analyze the feasibility of the learning model, and assess its effectiveness. It is hoped that this research will produce a model that is not only suitable for use, but also effective in improving soccer Passing skills in class  junior high school students. In its development, it uses the ADDIE method, which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research sampling technique used in this study was 108 students. Data analysis uses effectiveness test analysis of the Football Passing model that was developed. Based on test data analysis, it is known that the pretest average is 24.2221 and the posttest is 39.7352. Then the researcher carried out a paired sample test to determine the level of significance of the model given to the subject. Stating that the significance level is 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that the development of a soccer passing learning model can significantly improve student learning outcomes to be applied in the soccer passing learning process. The results of the pretest and posttest also showed significant results.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FOOTBALL PASSING TEST TOOL
Authors: Azmi  , Bambang Kridasuwarso  , Fachrezzy Fahmy
Published: January 2025

This test tool can help coaches and players measure the level of accuracy, speed, and power of their passing. With this test tool, players can track the development of their passing skills over time, making it possible to make necessary training adjustments to improve their game performance. The purpose of the tool is to determine the quality of the accuracy of the player's passing, with a signal of lights on, sound and a timer that runs backwards from 90 seconds. From the results obtained and processed, in the validity test the significance level used 5% so that the rtable used was 0.514. The comparison value of r count and r table can be seen in the table below. If r count > r table means the question is valid, then all 10 questions are stated to be valid. The main hypothesis is if the Cronch's Alpha value is > 0.801 then the questionnaire is reliable, and vice versa if Cronch's Alpha < 0.801 then the questionnaire is not reliable. The Cronch's Alpha value of the questionnaire for testing the effectiveness of the 4 (four) sides (front, back, right and left) football passing test tools in the reliability test was 0.960, so the questionnaire for testing the effectiveness of the 4 (four) sides (front, back, right and left) football passing test tools was declared reliable. The pre-test average was 12.73 and the post-test was 15.20 with a standard deviation of 2.017 and 2.077. It is found in the t-test table with a significance level of 0.05 having Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001. The p-value result Sig. (2 - Sided) <0.05, then the football passing test tools can significantly improve the results of the passing test accuracy. This proves that the football passing test tool created is an effective effort to improve the results of passing accuracy in the sport of football.
LA RELACIÓN ENTRE DERECHO A LA VERDAD Y DERECHO DE AUTOR EN EL MARCO DE LA JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL EN COLOMBIA: UNA DISCUSIÓN PENDIENTE
Authors: Palacio Puerta Marcela , Guerrero-Sierra Hugo Fernando , León Pamplona Juan Camilo
Published: January 2025

Este artículo, de manera pionera en el ámbito académico, aborda la interrelación entre el derecho de autor y la búsqueda de la verdad, utilizando como caso de estudio el proceso de justicia transicional en Colombia. A través de un enfoque metodológico de orden analítico y exploratorio de tipo documental, se desentraña la conexión entre estas dos categorías. El ejercicio interpretativo llevado a cabo en esta investigación llega a la conclusión de que, dentro de un proceso de justicia transicional, donde la materialización del derecho a la verdad es necesaria, abordar abiertamente tanto por parte de la doctrina como por las entidades encargadas, la discusión en temas de derecho de autor es imperativo. En últimas, es el derecho de autor el que determina qué se difunde y cómo se difunde, estableciendo limitantes dentro del proceso, especialmente cuando hay uso del internet. De esta manera, los asuntos relacionados con derecho de autor deben ser tenidos en cuenta por las entidades a cargo durante todo el proceso de manejo de la información, con el fin de evitar incongruencias dentro el ordenamiento normativo, al mismo tiempo que se establecen los posibles escenarios y medidas de trato diferenciado en contextos de búsqueda de la verdad.
Phytochemicals Analysis and Antioxidant (IC50) Value of Dried and Fresh Mangrove (Rhizopora racemosa) Leaves Extract for Herbal Drink Base
Authors: Adi Prayitno Sutrisno , Utami Dwi Retnaningtyas , Putri Silvy Novita Antrisna
Published: January 2025

The use of mangrove leaves as a functional ingredient is associated with secondary metabolites such as steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, magnesium, sodium, potassium and calcium.  This research determined the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidants (IC50) in dry and fresh mangrove leaf infusion extracts. The method used was infusion extraction. The materials used are fresh mangrove leaves and dried leaves (dried in the oven). The data obtained then discussed descriptively based on the average obtained in the calculations. The research results showed that the type or condition of leaves used has an influence on TPC, TFC and Antioxidants (IC50). Oven drying can produce higher levels of secondary metabolites compared to fresh leaf infusion (TPC, 36 mg GAE/g; TFC 4.12 mg QE/g; IC50 225,706 ppm). Dried leaf extraction has better potential in producing secondary metabolic compounds and antioxidants. The choice of extraction method and type of solvent is highly recommended for further research objectives, because it suits research interests. It is recommended that when making functional drinks (tea) from mangrove leaves, to add other sources of ingredients such as dried lemon or mint leaves so that the resulting flavor is fresher and provides a better linking assessment of preferences.