bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dalam Menjaga Kebersihan Mulut Pada Bayi
Authors: Hardjito Koekoeh , Wijayanti R.E , Rahmah Siti Fatkhur
Published: December 2018

Oral thrush often found in babies and young children who drink milk with bottle/pacifiers and children taking fopspeen is not clean. The exixtences of residual milk can also be the cause of these sariawan. One effort to prevent sariawan is to maintain mouth hygiene of children. The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between knowledge of mother about sariawan with attitude of mother to do oral hygiene for a baby. Method is used in this research is study analyze correlation with used approximaly cross  sectional. Population of this research is all mother which is had baby  Sample in this research is  33 person From statistic test with standart errors 5% (0.05) was gotten  p= 0,020 ; 0.05, so otherwise there is  the correlation between knowledge of mother about sariawan with attitude of mother to do oral hygiene for a baby. Suggested  to health staff for care  increase service quality about health baby, So the mother can guard or correct the attitudes and behaviors in the care of her baby.; Keyword : Knowledge, Attitude, Oral thrush, Oral Hygiene
Las regulaciones Fintech del Reino Unido. La estrategia de inclusión financiera para México
Authors: Bañuelos Castro Luis Manuel
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis del marco regulatorio de tecnologías financieras (Fintech) vigente en la Gran Bretaña, quien es líder global en la materia; ello como referencia para la elaboración del proyecto de ley Fintech en México. Apoyándose en los estrechos lazos de cooperación bilateral que sostienen ambos países, todo esto dentro del marco estratégico para el desarrollo de la política nacional de inclusión financiera que México lleva desde 2011 para alcanzar el desarrollo económico apostándole al fortalecimiento de un sistema financiero sólido e incluyente.
Private Sector and Development Policy: Advantages and Problems
Authors: Heyken Merle
Published: December 2018

In the past years, the private sector has been incorporated into international development policy, a policy field traditionally dominated by the states. Due to shrinking budgets and insufficient results, the objective is to fill the gap with private contributions. However, the private sector is very heterogeneous: incentives, objectives, financial volumes and methods can differ considerably. Therefore, the results and the effectiveness of the private sector’s contribution might differ as well. In addition, the incorporation of the private sector is a controversially discussed topic as it is associated with various challenges. On the one hand the private sector can act more flexible and less bureaucratic, also it can better encourage innovation and know-how. On the other hand, problems arise related to an insufficient regulation system, mainly commercial or image interest and democratic control. More research is necessary.
Estrategia de Contra Insurgencia del Estado La otra CARA del capital
Authors: Sandoval Álvarez Rafael
Published: December 2018

los sujetos del gran capital que conforman las mayores transnacionales de Estados Unidos y Europa, se ven confrontados ante la emergencia de bloques políticos regionales que crean los capitalistas de algunos países con objeto de disputar mercados y ganancias. Un ejemplo de ello es el de Rusia, llamado BRIC, conformado por Brasil, India y China, que ha promovido algunas iniciativas económico-militares en sus regiones continentales, por ejemplo la ASEAN, la Asociación de Naciones del Sureste Asiático, que hegemoniza China, o la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (CELAC), formada por Brasil, Venezuela, entre otros. La forma de operación político-militar que subyace en la estrategia capitalista actual está destinada a encubrir la guerra total contra los de abajo. Esto ha significado la confrontación de la clase dominante en cada región territorial donde identifican recursos naturales para explotar. La tendencia a conformar bloques regionales de carácter económico-militar al interior de cada continente, pero también hacia dentro de los territorios nacionales, es decir, a nivel regional en cada Estado-nación, tiene el objetivo de instituir zonas de protección para sus capitales; con ello intentan evadir “la amenaza” que la resistencia de los de abajo realiza para evitar el despojo de sus territorios.
La relación universidad-empresa en las relaciones Unión Europea-América Latina y el Caribe: Una variable necesaria para el desarrollo económico y social birregional
Authors: Quevedo Flores Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2018

El siguiente trabajo versa sobre el análisis de la vinculación universidad-empresa (U-E) bajo el nuevo paradigma internacional de producción en donde el crecimiento económico de los países se desarrolla partir del conocimiento. El vínculo universidad-empresa se vuelve un instrumento clave en el marco de la economía del conocimiento en general y dentro del contexto de las relaciones Unión Europea-América Latina y el Caribe en particular. Se examina, de forma general, la estructura y motivaciones de la vinculación universidad-empresa, dentro de contexto internacional de la economía del conocimiento.Asimismo, se estudia el desarrollo de la vinculación entre las instituciones de educación superior (ies) y las empresas en el contexto del espacio eurolatinoamericano, que puede servir como elemento base para el desarrollo económico y social de ambas regiones. Por último, se plantea una serie de propuestas que pueden servir como punto de partida para el debate académico sobre el vínculo universidad-empresa, que a su vez forma parte de los temas que dan sustento a la primera Cumbre Académica Unión Europea-América Latina y el Caribe, de Santiago de Chile en 2013.
Responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado: un nuevo paradigma
Authors: Grajeda Estrada Oralia
Published: December 2018

El llevar a cabo una actividad o encomienda trae consigo diversas obligaciones y responsabilidades intrínsecas, de esto se desprende la inminente necesidad de que el Estado responda ante los particulares cuando, en su actividad regular, cause daño o detrimento al patrimonio de los particulares, cuando estos no tenían la obligación jurídica de soportarlo.
Development of cultural landscape in town of Bojnice, Slovakia, Central Europe
Authors: Zabensky Marián , Dubská Michala
Published: December 2018

Landscape as a complex entity is currently of interest to a growing range of scientific disciplines. However, the research of landscape in cultural studies is still considered a new phenomenon. Only minimal attention is paid to these issues in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The method of creating transects of cultural landscape layers and their subsequent multitemporal analysis belongs to the most recent possibilities in research. The aim of the paper is to highlight certain positive aspects of the particular method and to outline opportunities for applying the knowledge in the field of cultural studies in the context of historical development.
Contribución del modelo internacionalista de Francisco de Vitoria como el precursor del derecho de gentes para la constitución de una comunidad internacional universal
Authors: Villalobos Torres Lourdes Rocío
Published: December 2018

El artículo que se presenta tiene como objetivo analizar y estudiar la vida y la obra del teólogo-jurista dominico, Francisco de Vitoria (1483-1546), con el fin de argumentar y actualizar su concepción internacionalista y universal. Con su doctrina internacionalista, Vitoria aporta una contribución comunitaria al género humano y no a grupos o a individuos particulares. Hace referencia a una comunidad universal del género humano de la que todos somos parte: la tierra nos pertenece como entes racionales que somos, la llama “república de todo el orbe”. Dicha comunidad puede constituirse en rectora ética del género humano y contribuir a que los hombres coexistan pacíficamente. Vitoria edifica sobre este fundamento la moral y el derecho internacionales. Su visión iusinternacionalista se refiere a una unidad universal de la humanidad —otorgándole al valor humano su importancia y trascendencia—, basada en el derecho de gentes como una derivación del derecho natural.
¿Es crimen de Estado? Indignación internacional. La responsabilidad en la violación de los derechos humanos en Ayotzinapa, Iguala, Guerrero, México
Authors: Mosqueda Ochoa Leticia Adela , Ceceña Altamirano Angélica Jesús , Durán Juárez Jesús Francisco
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo trata de establecer el entorno jurídico en que se produce el asesinato de estudiantes de Ayotzinapa, Guerrero, en México, para determinar las responsabilidades existentes ante este lamentable suceso y esclarecer, ante las opiniones encontradas de actores sociales, nacionales e internacionales, si se trata de un crimen de Estado o no, también las responsabilidades correspondientes en sus distinta naturaleza, para aportar ante la opinión pública un punto de vista que ayude a modificar la situación que se vive en el país y que permite este tipo de acciones.
The Role of Foreign Languages in International Education
Authors: Oropeza Manuel Alfredo , Velázquez Vilchis Virna
Published: December 2018

It is a fact that universities around the globe devote a considerable part of their budget to guaranteeing the quality of their international strategy. Most higher education institutions have set up international offices with the aims of increasing the number of exchange students, faculty exchange programs, calls for joint international research projects, access to communities abroad by the use of Information Technology, or the links for academic cooperation and cultural understanding.However, in some institutions this is no easy task. Universities face financial problems – student and faculty exchange is expensive, getting visas and migration issues is a hassle, moreover most universities in the world offer programs only in their native tongue and, sometimes in a foreign language, mainly English.This paper lays out recommendations on how to match the international mission with a language development strategy, as well as a proposal of a paradigm shift from the “traditional” view to a “global view” on international education from a Linguistic perspective.
Enfoque teórico-práctico en la enseñanza de las relaciones internacionales: modelo cognitivo-constructivista
Authors: Villalobos Torres Lourdes Rocío
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo de investigación analiza los interparadigmas, conceptos, personajes y temas que han trascendido en la construcción de la disciplina de las relaciones internacionales, con la intención de enfocar nuestra atención en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que han seguido los docentes en las aulas, con la propuesta concreta de que dicha enseñanza se puede realizar a través del modelo pedagógico cognitivo-constructivista, como uno de los métodos que puede fortalecer nuestra disciplina en el proceso de la enseñanza. Los temas internacionales merecen una enseñanza práctica, por lo que es loable que los estudiantes obtengan un entrenamiento teórico-práctico en el que es imprescindible la cooperación y el esfuerzo por parte de los docentes, pues es necesario que la creatividad en las aulas favorezca el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Supremacía con o sin cooperación. Cuatro visiones sobre el papel de Estados Unidos de América en el mundo (Agnew, Khanna, Haass, Brzezinski)
Authors: López Mijares Antonio
Published: December 2018

El artículo analiza las posiciones de cuatro pensadores estadounidenses sobre los dilemas que enfrenta su país en el mantenimiento o en la transformación del presente sistema internacional. El autor interpreta esas posiciones a partir de dos ejes analíticos: el primero estudia el papel y el lugar específicos de Estados Unidos de América en un escenario internacional crecientemente globalizado, al que reconfiguran impredecibles dinámicas de cambio; el segundo, las alternativas que se le presentan a ese país para seguir ejerciendo una supremacía que, para algunos, se desvanece lenta pero indefectiblemente ante la confluencia de problemas internos y el fortalecimiento de nuevos polos de poder. Más allá de sus divergencias, los cuatro autores estudiados coinciden en que la gran potencia no podrá mantener su protagonismo si no es en los términos de una política de cooperación que incluya alianzas estratégicas y multilateralismo activo.
Projects selection method based on the theory of possibility
Authors: Rudenko S. , Andrievska V.
Published: December 2018

A method for selecting projects based on the theory of possibilities is developed. The proposed approach reflects the situation when the dynamic nature of the project environment determines the impossibility of applying a deterministic or probabilistic approach.The method is based on the «project card», which, in the block form separated by content, unites the characteristics of the project, from which constraints and selection criteria of projects can be formed. This ensures the universality of the proposed approach.The type of fuzzy numbers used is trapezoidal to match the pessimistic, optimistic and most probable estimates.The developed selection procedure presupposes the «filtration» of projects by the given levels of reliability for the conditions under consideration. This reduces the volume of the information operated at subsequent stages. Also, within the framework of a scheme, the options for selecting projects according to one or more criteria are linked.
Rationale of effective option for technological and commercial terms of delivery of international trade cargoes
Authors: Shibaev A.G. , Onishchenko S.P. , Koskinа Yu.A.
Published: December 2018

The paper is dedicated to a modeling choice of foreign trade goods' of optimal delivery, considering the cost parameters, production capabilities and technological features of the individual units of the transport system. The developed model provides the minimum total costs for carriage of goods from the point of origin to the point of destination (i.e. the case of the term provides for full payment of the transportation costs by the seller – the detailed structured costs in the model lets easily to use it for different terms of transportation costs payment). The model includes the carrying capabilities of different modes of transport that can be used for transportation and capacity of port facilities. The model also provides the choice of the developing of shipping system according to the terms of trade contract as far as it includes the current prices for the goods in point of destination and point of origin.
Influence of seasonity on the market of marine tourism
Authors: Mikhailova Yu.V. , Borovik S.S.
Published: December 2018

Significant seasonal fluctuations in the demand for tourist products are characteristic of the tourist market and the tourist industry associated with it. The appearance on the market of tourist products causes the peak seasonal fluctuations in sales and prices during the summer. It also corresponds to the seasonal rise in demand. Tourism imposes an imprint on demand and production, has a significant impact on the profitability of all tourist enterprises, as well as other industries oriented to the maintenance of tourists. The article examined the origin, structure and essence of seasonality, as well as the forms of seasonality, the features of seasonal fluctuations, characteristics that characterize seasonality in tourism, and the factors of seasonality in tourism, considered the possibility of influencing the seasonal unevenness of supply and demand.
Online Subjective Assessment of the Speech of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Czap László
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the results of a two-year speech production training of hearing impaired children with the help of a Speech Assistant system. It was developed as part of a research project that was carried out jointly by the University of Debrecen and the University of Miskolc within the framework of the project called 'Basic and Applied Research for Internet-based Speech Development of Deaf and Hard of Hearing People and for Objective Measurement of Their Progress'. The project is aimed at solving basic and applied research tasks to develop an application for supporting the improvement of speech production of deaf and hard of hearing people more effectively than the methods that are already known. The idea of the Speech Assistant came from an audio-visual transcoder for sound visualization developed at the University of Debrecen, and a three-dimensional head model for articulation presentation, called 'talking head', developed at the University of Miskolc. The most important aim of the research was to create a complex system to assist the speech production improvement of hearing impaired children by the visualization of speech sound and articulation. In addition, the system has many other features (such as prosody display, automatic assessment and knowledge-based systems implementation), which subsequently allow individual practice not only on computers but also on mobile devices. However, it is important to note that the personal contribution of specialized teachers cannot be replaced. The module performing the audio-visual transcoding required is language-independent, the talking head and the automatic assessment of utterance can be adapted to other languages. The online evaluation system developed for measuring the progress of children in speech production is also shown in this paper.
Myomectomy During Caesarean Section : A Safe Procedure
Authors: Akhter Hasina , Khatun Mst Rokeya
Published: December 2018

Caesarean myomectomy which had traditionally been discouraged has recently frequently employed to remove myoma at the time of caesarean section. If myomectomy during caesarean delivery become a wide spread. Practice, it could potentially eliminate multiple surgeries for both indications. So, we decided to do caesarean myomectomy for dual indications. This was a prospective study was done in different private clinic in Rasjhahi from January 2012 to 2015. Total 20 pregnant women of different size fibroid were included in the study. Patients evaluated by age, Parity gestational age, any difficulty during operation, a blood loss during surgery and post operative complications. 20 cases were included in the study. There is no maternal mortality and as well as perinatal mortality.TAJ 2016; 29(1): 7-9
Understanding of Diabetes among Nurses in a Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqui Md Nure Alom , Sultana Shahnaj , Khan MMR , Rahman MK , Islam MN
Published: December 2018

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health problem in the world. Health education by health workers is a key factor in the prevention of this chronic disease. The objective of the study was to determine nurses understanding of diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Rajshahi Medical College hospital from August 2010 to February 2011. Registered nurses were questioned about the clinical features, diagnosis, complications and management of diabetes mellitus. The results were analyzed using appropriate statistical method.Results: A total of 86 nurses completed the questionnaire. Majorities were below 50 years and were ward nurses. About 97.7% correctly identified the definition of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01) and 94.2% identified <7mmol/l as the fasting plasma glucose diagnostic cut off for DM. Cent percent agreed that DM is a chronic disease (p < 0.01). Polyuria (90.3%) and polydypsia (63.7%) were the commonest clinical features of DM identified. Insulin therapy was the most common form of management identified by 67.9% of the subjects. Majority (83.2%) agreed that weight reduction is useful. About two-thirds (67.2%) identified two oral hypoglycaemic drugs while 25 (22.1%) could not identify any type of insulin. Most subjects (94.7%) could correctly identify treatment for hypoglycaemia, with 7.1% of the nurses saying that insulin can be used to treat hypoglycaemic coma. The eye (82.3%) was the most common organ identified as being complicated with DM. Less than half of the nurses could identify the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis while about half (50.9%) of the nurses could identify at least one symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis.Conclusion: Nurses knowledge of diabetes mellitus in Rajshahi medical college hospital is good; however, there are deficits in certain aspects of diabetes management. Organization of regular diabetes educational programmes for nurses will improve these deficiencies of knowledge.TAJ 2016; 29(1): 10-15
Aetiological Factors of Urogenital Fistula and the Treatment Outcome of Patients with Urogenital Fistula Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi
Authors: Razzaque Sharmin , Nahar Nazmun , Jesmin Sahela , Akhter Hasina
Published: December 2018

Urogenital fistulas, majority of which are of vesicovaginal fistulas are commonly caused by prolong obstructed labor and is one of the worst complications of childbirth and poor obstetric care. With the advancement of health care delivery system aetiology of urogenital fistula is also changing in our country. The objective of this study is to create awareness about urogenital fistula, to evaluate the aetiology, profile of the patients and outcome of surgical repair in RMCH. It was a cross-sectional type of observational study having descriptive component of a total 68 cases of urogenital fistula admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RMCH over a period of one year and six months from January 2009 to July 2010. The incidence among patients admitted in Obstetrics and Gynae was 0.45% and among Gynae patient’s incidence was 1.1%. Majority of the patients were young primipara, short stature and malnourished, coming from lower socio-economic condition of rural areas. Obstructed labour 21(30.8%) was the most common cause of urogenital fistula, followed by gynecological surgeries mainly hysterectomies 19 (27.3%), corrosive application 7 (10%) a rare cause but was found in high rate in this study. A total no of 50 patients underwent surgery. Overall success rate was 46 (92%) and functionally failed with a failure in 4 (8%) cases. The etiology urogenital fistula is preventable and all types of urinary fistula can be repair. Improvement in maternity care in rural areas, easy approach to specialist care and better training of staff in instrumental deliveries may help to decrease the incidence of these fistulas.TAJ 2016; 29(2): 11-15
Prevalence and pattern of lower limbs peripheral artery disease detected by Duplex ultrasonography in patients having coronary artery blockage
Authors: Bhaduri J , Raisuddin M , Sarmin M , Sayeed MZ , Islam MN
Published: December 2018

Introduction : Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease which may affect coronary arteries, carotid arteries and peripheral arteries. Patients having coronary artery disease may also have lower limb peripheral arteries involvement due to atherosclerosis. This study is to see the prevalence and pattern of lower limb arteries involvement in patients having CAD.Methods: Duplex ultrasonic evaluation of peripheral arteries were done in 210 patients of CAD. Ultrasonic evaluation was done by B Mode image and on the basic of haemodynamic change.Result : Mean age of respondents was was 51.3 ± 10.4 years. 90% patient did not show any clinical sign or symptoms of PAD. 5.2% of patient has critical level of stenosis in one or multiple segments of lower limb arteries, 0.5 % patients had stenosis below the critical level. All the patients suffering from PAD were male patients. No statistical significant relation was found between occurrence of PAD and severity of CAD.Conclusion : Patient of CAD may have hidden PAD without any clinical presentation. Duplex ultrasonography can be a non invasive initial study to rule out the possibility of lower limb arterial insufficiency.TAJ 2016; 29(2): 62-65
Cutaneous Anthrax Outbreak in Rajshahi District
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Khan Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Alam Khandaker Md Faisal , Rahman Md Khalilur , Alam Md Shah
Published: December 2018

Anthrax is an acute, zoonotic infectious disease caused by gram positive, aerobic, spore forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cutaneous anthrax is the commonest form of anthrax, comprising more than 95% of cases. Incidence of anthrax is declining in the developed countries; but because of inadequate livestock vaccination program, it remains a public health hazard in the developing countries. Several cutaneous anthrax outbreaks were observed in Bangladesh over the last few years and the latest one occurred in Lalitnagar village, Godagari Upazilla of Rajshahi district in September 2016. We are reporting clinico-demographic profile and treatment outcome of the affected patients with the aim of increasing awareness among the clinicians and public health experts.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 17-20
Trastuzumab in Combination with Traditional Chemotherapy is better than Chemotherapy Alone in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Uddin Md Dayem , Islam Md Anwar Ul
Published: December 2018

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, making up about 25% of all cancer. Despite the high incidence rates, in Western countries, 89% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis, which is due to proper detection and treatment. Mainly there are several types of breast cancer. One of the classes is determined by the expression of proteins or receptor and genes. Breast cancer cells may or may not have many different types of receptors, the three most important in the present classification being: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neuHER2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) receptors. Cells with or without these receptors are called ER positive (ER+), ER negative (ER-), PR positive (PR+), PR negative (PR-), HER2 positive (HER2+), and HER2 negative (HER2-). Cells with negative receptors are called triple negative. Around 25% to 30% of breast cancers show amplification of the HER2 gene. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of HER2 receptor. In the metastatic breast cancer setting, Trastuzumab significantly improves overall survival, and is responsible for a change in the natural course of this disease. In this study we have gone to assess the outcome of HER2 positive breast cancer patients with trastuzumab along with cytotoxic chemotherapy in comparison to the conventional chemotherapy. All tumours were tested for HER2/neu status. A randomized control trial was run with 130 patients having HER2 positive breast cancer in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and different private hospitals and clinics of Rajshahi city in this study.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 30-35
Risk Factors of Perforation of Appendix and Unfavorable Outcome in Delayed Presentation of Acute Appendicitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Hakim Sheikh Mohd A , Sarkar Md Habibullah , Chowdhury Manzurur Rahman Shah
Published: December 2018

Background: Perforated or gangrenous appendicitis in patient with a lately presented acute appendicitis remains a challenge for practicing surgeons and continues to be associated with more deadly complications. Results might improve with earlier consideration of the diagnosis followed by prompt surgical intervention. Objective: To identify the risk factors of appendiceal perforation, gangrene and other sequelae in patients with delayed presentation of acute appendicitis and its effects on the prognosis. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January, 2015 to July, 2017 (2½ years) in Rajshahi medical college hospital and also it’s neighboring several private hospitals. Those patients of both genders between 12 years to 65 years old, admitted during that period with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis for more than 48 hours but otherwise healthy (i.e. not having any other comorbidities) were subjected to the present study. The parameters of our study were incidence of appendiceal perforation or gangrene, peri-appendiceal abscess formation, generalized peritonitis, length of hospital stay and post-operative complications. Results: During the study period, a total of 73 patients underwent appendicectomies and 23 patients were excluded, leaving 50 who met the inclusion criteria, 23 males (46%) and 27 females (54%). Of all the risk factors studied, the patient’s pre-hospital time delay was the most important risk factor for perforation (43 patients i.e. 86%) and there were little number of patients with the in-hospital delay (7 patients i.e. 14%). The reasons behind this pre-hospital as well as in-hospital delay were multifactorial. Overall appendiceal perforation occurred in 22 (44%) patients, patients presented with gangrenous appendicitis were 14 (28%), periappendiceal abscess formation was found in 9 (18%) patients, and patients presented with generalized peritonitis were 5 (10%). The duration of hospital stay ranged from several days to several weeks. Post-operative complications occurred in 40 (80%) cases. Post-operative complications were monitored and addressed as: prolonged ileus, wound sepsis as major and minor wound infection, intra-abdominal sepsis as pelvic abscess and faecal fistula. Conclusion: As the time course increases from the initiation of the first symptoms to the definitive management, the complication rate increases and acutely inflamed appendicitis gradually converts to more lethal forms.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 42-48
Incidence and Clinical Significance of Cardiac Murmur in Neonates in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Hossain Md Belal , Mia Md Sanaul Haque , Ali Md Rustam , Hasnain Shirajee Nazmul , Khan Md Ismail Hossain , Ahmed Firoz , Sultana Mst Musarrat
Published: December 2018

Background: Congenital cardiac defect is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in our country but maximum cases are undetected due to lack of skill, shortage of man power, modern equipment in peripheral hospitals. But simply observing murmur can give us the clue for underlying congenital heart diseases.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical significance of cardiac murmur in neonates in a tertiary level hospital in Rajshahi.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in neonates (age ≤ 28 days) in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015.Results: during this study period total 4120 neonates were admitted in neonatal ward and only 52 cases were presented with cardiac murmur clinically. Incidence rate of murmur was 1.26%. Among 52 cases 40 cases were having pathological murmur and 12 cases were having innocent murmur. After doing echocardiogram 34 cases were showing structural cardiac defect out of 40 pathological murmur and 4 cases were showing structural cardiac defect out of 12 innocent murmur. Total cases of structural cardiac defect (congenital heart disease) were 38(34+4). So, incidence of congenital heart disease was 9.22/ 1000 live births.Conclusion: Congenital cardiac defect is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in our country but maximum cases are undetected during neonatal period but simply observing murmur can give us the clue for underlying congenital heart diseases in 73.08% cases (38 were congenital heart disease out of 52 cases). If congenital heart disease is early detected and properly managed many valuable lives of neonates can be saved and their growth and development will be smooth.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 54-59
Hereditary Spherocytosis in a 22 Month Old Child
Authors: Sultana Mst Musarrat , Islam Md Shafiqul , Mia Md Sanaul Haque
Published: December 2018

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a familial hemolytic disorder with marked heterogeneity of clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic condition to a fulminant hemolytic anemia. Although a positive family history of spherocytosis increases the risk for this disorder, it may be sporadic in some case. A 22-month old girl was admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital with pallor and jaundice. Her parents gave history of repeated episodes of pallor and jaundice since 8 month of age with negative family history. Blood film showed plenty of spherocytes, reticulocytosis of 15.0%, negative direct antiglobulin test& positive osmotic fragility test. She was managed conservatively on nutritional supplements& one unit of blood transfusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hereditary spherocytosis from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 79-82
Solon: A Holistic Approach for Modelling, Managing and Mining Legal Sources
Authors: Koniaris Marios , Papastefanatos George , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2018

Recently there has been an exponential growth of the number of publicly available legal resources. Portals allowing users to search legal documents, through keyword queries, are now widespread. However, legal documents are mainly stored and offered in different sources and formats that do not facilitate semantic machine-readable techniques, thus making difficult for legal stakeholders to acquire, modify or interlink legal knowledge. In this paper, we describe Solon, a legal document management platform. It offers advanced modelling, managing and mining functions over legal sources, so as to facilitate access to legal knowledge. It utilizes a novel method for extracting semantic representations of legal sources from unstructured formats, such as PDF and HTML text files, interlinking and enhancing them with classification features. At the same time, utilizing the structure and specific features of legal sources, it provides refined search results. Finally, it allows users to connect and explore legal resources according to their individual needs. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our approach, Solon has been successfully deployed in a public sector production environment, making Greek tax legislation easily accessible to the public. Opening up legislation in this way will help increase transparency and make governments more accountable to citizens.
Active Control of Regenerative Brake for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Lin Chun-Liang , Hung Hao-Che , Li Jia-Cheng
Published: December 2018

Looking at new trends in global policies, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to increasingly replace gasoline vehicles in the near future. For current electric vehicles, the motor current driving system and the braking control system are two independent issues with separate design. If a self-induced back-EMF voltage from the motor is a short circuit, then short-circuiting the motor will result in braking. The higher the speed of the motor, the stronger the braking effect. However, the effect is deficient quickly once the motor speed drops quickly. Traditional kinetic brake (i.e., in the short circuit is replaced by a resistor) and dynamic brake (the short circuit brake is replaced by a capacitor) rely on the back EMF alone to generate braking toque. The braking torque generated is usually not enough to effectively stop a rotating motor in a short period of time. In this research task, an integrated driving and braking control system is considered for EVs with an active regenerative braking control system where back electromagnetic field (EMF), controlled by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, is used to charge a pump capacitor. The capacitor is used as an extra energy source cascaded with the battery as a charge pump. This is used to boost braking torque to stop the rotating motor in an efficient way while braking. Experiments are conducted to verify the proposed design. Compared to the traditional kinetic brake and dynamic brake, the proposed active regenerative control system shows better braking performance in terms of stopping time and stopping distance.
Fatty Acids Produced by Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme and N. parvum, Fungi Associated with Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback
Authors: Salvatore Maria Michela , Giambra Selene , Naviglio Daniele , DellaGreca Marina , Salvatore Francesco , Burruano Santella , Andolfi Anna
Published: December 2018

There is evidence that secondary metabolites are involved in the fungal pathogenicity and virulence of Neofusicoccum spp. Fatty acids may also influence the plant–pathogen interaction but, so far, no information is available on their production by species of Neofusicoccum associated with Botryosphaeria dieback, which is a well-known syndrome of several plants with a complex etiology. In the present paper, the production of fatty acids in liquid medium, by strains of N. vitifusiforme and N. parvum associated with declining Sicilian vine plants, was evaluated. Data, acquired via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), show the presence of linoleic acid as the most abundant fatty acid produced by both examined strains. In addition, the pathogenicity of N. vitifusiforme was tested on 2-year-old grapevine plants of cv. Inzolia.
Response of Yellow Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines to Drought stress at Seedling Stage
Authors: Chiuta Nyasha E. , Mutengwa Charles S.
Published: December 2018

This study seeks to evaluate the response of 17 yellow Quality Protein Maize (QPM) inbred line seedlings to drought stress (DS), using different morphophysiological traits (plant height (PH), chlorophyll content (CC), stem diameter (SD), proline content (Pro), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PS II), canopy temperature (CT) and substomatal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times in a growth chamber. The seedlings were exposed to DS treatment by growing them at 20% field capacity. The control/well-watered (WW) treatments were kept at 80% field capacity throughout the experiment. Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed for PH, SD, and Pro across environments. On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for CC and PS II, while DS had no significant effects on Ci and CT. Proline content increased under DS compared to WW conditions. Inbred lines L34, L7, L5, L2, L16, and L6 had approximately equal or more Pro than the drought tolerant check (ZM1523). As such, these lines were regarded as drought tolerant. Taking all measured parameters into consideration, L7 performed notably better than the other inbred lines under DS.
A Comparison of Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation in Traditional Farming and the Rice–Duck Farming System by 15N Tracer Method
Authors: EBISSA Tchister Morrel , Yang Bo , Guan Yuanqing , Tan Bingchang , Chen Peizhen , Wang Lili , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Zheng Xiangqun
Published: December 2018

A field experiment was conducted in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, using the 15N isotope method to determine the fate of N sources, application effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of rice plant organs, N uptake by rice, and N use efficiency. The experiment included eight treatments: CK-N (control + no-duck), CK-D (control + ducks), CF-N (chemical fertilizer + no-ducks), CF-D (chemical fertilizer + ducks), CM-N (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), CM-D (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + ducks), CD-N (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), and CD-D (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + ducks). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer whether CM or CD in grain and leaf significantly increased N concentration; leaf and root P concentrations over control (CK) and chemical fertilizer (CF). In contrast, straw and root N concentrations, including grain and straw P concentrations did not show any difference between duck and no-duck treatment. Moreover, non-significant differences were found in 15N fresh grain and husk concentration. Both organs ranged from 14.2–14.4 g·kg−1 and 6.2–6.3 g·kg−1, respectively. Likewise, N uptake and N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk were not significantly differed within duck and without duck treatment. However, N uptake in fresh grain and husk ranged at the rates of 54.90–93.69 and 6.43–11.04 kg ha−1 with duck and without duck treatment. N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk ranged from 21.55%–34.61% and 2.61%–4.24%, respectively. Overall organic fertilizer has a significant influence on rice growth and promotes crop productivity.
Development of High Yielding Glutinous Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines through CRISPR/Cas9 Based Mutagenesis of Wx and TGW6 and Proteomic Analysis of Anther
Authors: Han Yue , Luo Dengjie , Usman Babar , Nawaz Gul , Zhao Neng , Liu Fang , Li Rongbai
Published: December 2018

Development of high yielding and more palatable glutinous rice is an important goal in breeding and long-standing cultural interaction in Asia. In this study, the TGW6 and Wx, major genes conferring 1000 grain weight (GW) and amylose content (AC), were edited in a maintainer line by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Four targets were assembled in pYLCRISPR/Cas9Pubi-H vector and T0 mutant plants were obtained through Agrobacterium mediated transformation with 90% mutation frequency having 28% homozygous mutations without off-target effects in three most likely sites of each target and expression level of target genes in mutant lines was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the GW and gel consistency (GC) were increased, and the AC and gelatinization temperature (GT) were decreased significantly and grain appearance was opaque, while there was no change in starch content (SC) and other agronomic traits. Mutations were inheritable and some T1 plants were re-edited but T2 generation was completely stable. The pollen fertility status was randomly distributed, and the mutant maintainer lines were hybridized with Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) line 209A and after subsequent backcrossing the two glutinous CMS lines were obtained in BC2F1. The identified proteins from anthers of CMS and maintainer line were closely associated with transcription, metabolism, signal transduction, and protein biosynthesis. Putative mitochondrial NAD+-dependent malic enzyme was absent in CMS line which caused the pollen sterility because of insufficient energy, while upregulation of putative acetyl-CoA synthetase and Isoamylase in both lines might have strong relationship with CMS and amylose content. High yielding glutinous CMS lines will facilitate hybrid rice breeding and investigations of proteins linked to male sterility will provide the insights to complicated metabolic network in anther development.
Bloodstream Infection due to Piperacillin/Tazobactam Non-Susceptible, Cephalosporin-Susceptible Escherichia coli: A Missed Opportunity for De-Escalation of Therapy
Authors: Carlisle Leah , Justo Julie Ann , Al-Hasan Majdi N.
Published: December 2018

An increasing number of reports describing Escherichia coli isolates with piperacillin/tazobactam resistance, despite retained cephalosporin susceptibility, suggest further emergence of this phenotypic resistance pattern. In this report, a patient with metastatic breast cancer presented to medical care after two days of chills, nausea, vomiting, reduced oral intake, and generalized weakness. Blood and urine cultures grew E. coli as identified by rapid diagnostics multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF, respectively. The patient continued to manifest signs of sepsis with hypotension and tachypnea during the first three days of hospitalization despite empirical antimicrobial therapy with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam. After in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated a piperacillin/tazobactam minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 and a ceftriaxone MIC of ≤1 mcg/mL, antimicrobial therapy was switched from intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam to ceftriaxone. All symptoms and signs of infection resolved within 48 h of starting ceftriaxone therapy. This report describes the clinical failure of piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of a bloodstream infection due to E. coli harboring a phenotypic resistance pattern of isolated piperacillin/tazobactam non-susceptibility. The case demonstrates the role of cephalosporins as potential treatment options and highlights the value of early de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy based on rapid diagnostic testing for microbial identification.
The Role of Cystinosin in the Intermediary Thiol Metabolism and Redox Homeostasis in Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells
Authors: Sumayao Rodolfo , Newsholme Philip , McMorrow Tara
Published: December 2018

Cystinosin is a lysosomal transmembrane protein which facilitates transport of the disulphide amino acid cystine (CySS) from the lysosomes of the cell. This protein is encoded by the CTNS gene which is defective in the lysosomal storage disorder, cystinosis. Because of the apparent involvement of cystinosin in the intermediary thiol metabolism, its discovery has fuelled investigations into its role in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. The kidney proximal tubular cells (PTCs) have become the focus of various studies on cystinosin since the protein is highly expressed in these cells and kidney proximal tubular transport dysfunction is the foremost clinical manifestation of cystinosis. The lysosomal CySS pool is a major source of cytosolic cysteine (Cys), the limiting amino acid for the synthesis of an important antioxidant glutathione (GSH) via the γ-glutamyl cycle. Therefore, loss of cystinosin function is presumed to lead to cytosolic deficit of Cys which may impair GSH synthesis. However, studies using in vitro models lacking cystinosin yielded inconsistent results and failed to establish the mechanistic role of cystinosin in modulating GSH synthesis and redox homeostasis. Because of the complexity of the metabolic micro- and macro-environment in vivo, using in vitro models alone may not be able to capture the complete sequence of biochemical and physiological events that occur as a consequence of loss of cystinosin function. The coexistence of pathways for the overall handling and disposition of GSH, the modulation of CTNS gene by intracellular redox status and the existence of a non-canonical isoform of cystinosin may constitute possible rescue mechanisms in vivo to remediate redox perturbations in renal PTCs. Importantly, the mitochondria seem to play a critical role in orchestrating redox imbalances initiated by cystinosin dysfunction. Non-invasive techniques such as in vivo magnetic resonance imaging with the aid of systems biology approaches may provide invaluable mechanistic insights into the role of cystinosin in the essential intermediary thiol metabolism and in the overall regulation cellular redox homeostasis.
Application of FTIR and LA-ICPMS Spectroscopies as a Possible Approach for Biochemical Analyses of Different Rat Brain Regions
Authors: H. M. Ali Mohamed , Rakib Fazle , Nischwitz Volker , Ullah Ehsan , Mall Raghvendra , Shraim Amjad M. , Ahmad M. I. , Ghouri Zafar Khan , McNaughton Donald , Küppers Stephan , Ahmed Tariq , Al-Saad Khalid
Published: December 2018

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a non-destructive analytical technique that has been employed in this research to characterize the biochemical make-up of various rat brain regions. The sensorimotor cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus, and the hippocampus were found to have higher olefinic content—an indicator of a higher degree of unsaturated fatty acids—rich in short-chain fatty acids, and low in ester and lipid contents. While the regions of the corpus callosum, internal, and external capsule were found to contain long-chained and higher-esterified saturated fatty acids. These molecular differences may reflect the roles of the specific regions in information processing and can provide a unique biochemical platform for future studies on the earlier detection of pathology development in the brain, as a consequence of disease or injury. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) is another vital analytical technique that was used in this work to analyze the elements’ distribution patterns in various regions of the brain. The complementary data sets allowed the characterization of the brain regions, the chemical dominating groups, and the elemental composition. This set-up may be used for the investigation of changes in the brain caused by diseases and help create a deeper understanding of the interactions between the organic and elemental composition.