bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM DENGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VIDIO INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP BIOLOGI MAHASISWA
Authors: Riyanti Rika , Setyawan Dedy
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pre–Experimental Design dengan bentuk One Group Pretest–Posttest Design untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh dari perlakuan yang diberikan terhadap subjek yang diteliti. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1) bagaimana pemahaman konsep biologi mahasiswa sebelum dan setelah penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dengan media video interaktif, dan 2) apakah terdapat peningkatan sebelum dan setelah penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dengan media video interaktif. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester VI program studi pendidikan Biologi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes pemahaman konsep dan pedoman observasi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan rumus uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tes pemahaman konsep diperoleh rata-rata persentase pemahaman konsep mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan dari 46,63% kategori sedang menjadi 86,71% kategori tinggi, serta perubahan nilai median dari 46,40 menjadi 85,70. Data keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dapat dikatakan terlaksana dengan sangat baik yaitu pada pertemuan pertama sebesar 82,86% kategori baik dan meningkat menjadi 97,14% di pertemuan kedua pada kategori sangat baik. Hasil analisis statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan rumus uji t, diperoleh data nilai thitung = 27,330 dengan nilai-p = 0,000 < ½ α = 0,025 maka H0 ditolak, artinya ada peningkatan pemahaman konsep yang signifikan terhadap mahasiswa setelah perlakuan sebesar 0,76 atau 76% yang berada pada kategori tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dengan media pembelajaran Vidio Interaktif meningkatkan pemahaman konsep biologi mahasiswa.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA DENGAN METODE TUTOR SEBAYA PADA POKOK BAHASAN ANALISIS VEKTOR UNTUK GERAK
Authors: Siahaan Fine Eirene , Sitinjak Erni Kusrini
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan Analisis Vektor Untuk Gerak di tingkat SMA dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya. (2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas belajar siswa dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI di SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Dolok Batu Nanggar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang menekankan pada kegiatan (tindakan) dengan mengujicobakan suatu ide kedalam praktek atau situasi nyata dalam mikro, yang diharapkan kegiatan tersebut mampu memperbaiki dan meningkatkan proses belajar mengajar. Instrument yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini berupa test (dipakai untuk mengukur kemampuan siswa baik kemampuan awal maupun peningkatan kemampuan siswa pada akhir siklus tindakan). Tes yang digunakan disusun dalam bentuk pilihan berganda dengan lima pilihan yang terdiri dari 10 soal. Data yang diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada pretes adalah 45,6096 dan pada postes I rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 71,7073 sehingga persentase peningkatan hasil belajar siswa adalah 57,2190 %. Untuk data postes II juga diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 81,4634 sehingga presentasi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa adalah 13,61%. Oleh karena itu metode pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya dengan alur penelitian tidakan kelas dapat menjadi pedoman bagi guru untuk membantu proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Bagi siswa, metode pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya dengan alur penelitian tidakan kelas dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar.
DNA Barcoding in Plants and Animals: A Critical Review
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Sunzid
Published: January 2022

Systematics plays the most crucial role in biodiversity conservation which is at stake due to anthropogenic activities and environmental degradations. The ever-increasing decline of classical taxonomic expertise drives the need to develop molecular marker-based tools for quick, efficient, and reliable detection of organisms, to assess their ecological impacts for deepening our understanding of systematic and evolutionary relationships between organisms which is central to biology. The pace of alpha taxonomy has quickened by its integration with an increasingly fashionable and novel concept called DNA barcoding which utilizes a short genetic marker or barcode to categorize species for enhanced biodiversity assessment. As a supplementary but not complete alternative of systematics research, DNA barcoding, however, not error-free, brings precision in identification by solving existing problems of classical taxonomy and phylogenetics, irrespective of the growth stage of organisms, particularly for known taxa rather than unknown ones. Mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 (COI) serves as a universal animal barcode but there is no such universal barcode for plants and developing a suitable one is more challenging. With the recent advancement of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), DNA metabarcoding technology is advancing rapidly. Still, ambiguity and error prevail with the correct identification of species due to some problems. After extensive analysis of the existing DNA barcoding papers, this review discusses commonly used DNA barcodes in plants and animals, their roles, advantages, limitations to solve existing problems of conservation biology and add the author’s views and recommendations.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: classification, clinical features, and treatment
Authors:   Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubovitskaya T.A. , Gavrilova A.O. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Belaya Zh.E. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a monogenic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and several extraskeletal manifestations. In most cases, OI is caused by mutations in one of the two genes encoding alpha chains of type I collagen, COL1A1 or COL1A2. Mutations in at least 20 other genes can also lead to OI. Clinical manifestation of the disease ranges from mild to severe form with possible perinatal lethality. The disease may significantly reduce patient’s quality of life, which requires timely and optimal treatment and a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, the therapeutic treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta is symptomatic, but the search for new treatment strategies aimed at preventing the risk of new fractures and the progression of bone deformity continues. Key words: аnabolic therapy, antiresorptive therapy, сollagen, osteogenesis imperfecta, fracture
METODE MENULIS BERANTAI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PANTUN SISWA
Authors: Sari Sella Permata , Sumarwati Sumarwati , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: January 2022

In writing pantun ‘Indonesian rhymes’ there are certain rules which become a source of difficulty for students, such as taxation, syllable numbers, number of words, number of sentences, so that not all students are interested and motivated to do the pantun writing task. For this reason, learning should be fun and motivating each other through chain writing. This research is a classroom action research to improve motivation and writing skills of students in class VIIA SMP Negeri 1 Kebakkramat. The research action was carried out in two cycles. To analyze the data used comparative descriptive statistical analysis techniques and critical analysis. The results showed that the application of the chain writing method increased motivation and pantun writing skills. This improvement can be done with the following learning procedures: (1) the class is divided into 8 groups, each consisting of 4 students; (2) students and teachers determine the theme of pantun; (3) students and group members make pantun, (4) students make the first row of pantun; (5) the second student makes one next line and the next line is continued by other students in the group until a complete pantun is formed; (6) at the end of each line students write the initials to mark the name of the author; (7) students and their groups make revisions; (8) rhymes are then read in turn by group members; and (9) teachers and other groups assess the pantun read.
Zinc Oxalate as a Green Anode Material for Commercial Li-Ion Batteries: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Arinawati Meidiana , Hutama Anjas Prasetya , Apriliyani Enni , Ikhsanudin Muhammad Nur , Yudha Cornelius Satria
Published: January 2022

Li ion batteries is a crucial energy storage for new and renewable energy (NRE)-based power plant due to its high energy density. However, the anode materials of commercial Li-ion batteries such as graphite and Li4Ti5O12 are considered less eco-friendly due to it requirement of high temperature processing which is also uneconomical. In this research, for the first time ever, zinc oxalate was prepared via mild temperature precipitation process and applied as anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries. XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis were conducted to examine the physical and chemical properties of the as obtained zinc oxalate. The effect of precursor concentration was investigated. Charge-discharge analysis shows that zinc oxalate dihydrate as anode material delivered a discharge capacity of 25 mAh/g.
PREREQUISITES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSITION TO A TEAM-BASED ORGANIZATION OF PRIMARY CARE DELIVERY. ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Senenko A.Sh. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Significance. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in solutions related to the expended functions of nursing staff and their more active participation in care delivery. In general, expended functions of nursing staff brings positive results. It can be expected that a clear definition of the performed functions and areas of responsibility of each employee, including nursing staff, and organization of their cooperation could improve outcomes of care delivery. This approach corresponds to the team-based work organization - primary care delivery in our case. The purpose of the study: to conduct an analytical review of regulatory legal acts regarding distribution of functions between doctors and nurses in primary care delivery in line with their competences and the possibility of transition to a team-based work organization. Material and methods. Content analysis of the orders of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation regulating organization of primary care delivery, professional and educational standards of employees providing primary medical and primary pre-medical care. Results. The range of various tasks of the district health care requires participation of employees with different qualifications. There is a logical need for a clear distribution of functions between doctors and nurses. This is especially important in case of an imbalance between the number of doctors and nurses. At the same time, the current documents regulating organization of primary care delivery, professional and educational standards make it possible to determine functions that can be delegated to nursing staff, thus creating grounds for the team-based organization of care delivery by primary medical and primary pre-medical care specialists. Conclusions. The educational standards include competencies that provide for the possible to expand responsibility of nursing staff in care delivery to the attached population. The possibility of distributing responsibility between employees working at the unit (therapeutic, pediatric, general medical practice) makes it possible to organize work on the basis of district teams. Transition of the team-based organization of work at the primary level meets the principles of scientific work organization and can be considered as a promising direction for primary care development in terms of compliance with conditions of specific territories and district care management. Scope of application: development of organizational models of primary care with expanded responsibilities of nursing staff and introduction of the team-based organization of care delivery to the attached population
REGIONAL PREVALENCE PATTERNS OF CORNEAL DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Academician Zarifa Alieva National Center of Ophthalmology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Magerramov P.M.
Published: January 2022

Significance: According to the World Health Organization, 4.2 million people have low vision due to corneal opacity. The rate of eye care seeking (that significantly differs across population groups) affects prevalence of corneal disorders and visual impairments. Data on the causes of low vision in corneal disorders are fragmental. Studies on prevalence of corneal blindness are scarce. The climatic and geographic diversity of Azerbaijan and different accessibility of eye care typical of various regions of the country make the study significant. Purpose: to compare prevalence of corneal disorders in cities and districts of Azerbaijan. Material and Methods: information was provided by statistical services of the administrative and territorial entities. Statistical forms for registration of final diagnoses served as the control document. Statistical forms encoded by ICD-10 were distributed by age, gender, and nosological variants of corneal disorders. Prevalence of corneal disorders per 100,000 population was calculated. Results: the overall prevalence of corneal disorders in Azerbaijan equaled to 340.4±2.0 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of corneal disorders in the administrative and territorial entities varied from 228.4±20.2 to 697.6±34.3 per 100,000 population. The number of females with corneal disorders was higher in all age groups (р˂0.05) except for ages over 70. The maximum relative gender risk was registered in the age group of 40-44 years. The age-related prevalence pattern of corneal disorders in males and females was similar (the maximum prevalence is registered in the age group of 65-69 years). The leading nosologies included corneal injuries and foreign bodies (20.3%), bacterial keratitis (20.2%), and corneal erosions (18.0%). Conclusions: in Azerbaijan, the prevalence of corneal disorders depends upon the place of residence. These diseases are more common in females and the elderly. Non-infectious conditions rank first among the corneal disorders.
INTEGRATING MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE SERVICE FOR PEOPLE ENGAGED IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND SPORTS INTO THE REGIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Savchenko E.D.
Published: January 2022

Significance. Conditions for integrating medical surveillance service for people engaged in physical activities and sports into the regional public health system have been already developed in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. In some regions, medical and physical education departments and/or sports medicine centers are the main institutions for medical prevention. In the reporting documentation, information about activities of these institutions related to preventive work with the population is not detailed. The methodology, developed by the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for generating information on activities of these institutions, makes it possible to supplement and specify information regarding measures aimed at maintaining and restoring public health. The purpose of the study was to analyze activities of the regional medical and physical education departments related to health promotion, prevention and interdepartmental interaction, in terms of its integration into the regional public health system. Material and methods. Regulatory documentation, the form №53 of the sectoral statistical observation, data of the explanatory notes to the form №53. Method: content analysis. Results. A comparative analysis of regulatory documents has revealed compliance, indicating the feasibility of integrating activities of sports medicine divisions into the regional public health system. The main work directions in the field of prevention, public health and interdepartmental interaction have been identified and analyzed. Conclusions. Sports medicine divisions are part of the prevention system of the region. To ensure integration into the regional public health system, it is necessary to establish a clear interaction between structures both within the preventive service and in the regional system of ministries and departments. The inconsistency of the reporting documentation and the lack of standard indicators make it difficult to assess effectiveness of the public health measures. The scope of application. Integration of sports medicine service institutions into the regional public health system. Information in the explanatory notes can become basis for identifying best practices
SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICAL PROCEDURES OF GENDER TRANSITION (ANALYTICAL REVIEW)
Authors:   University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Kirey-Sitnikova Y.
Published: January 2022

Significance. Medical procedures of gender transition are aimed at modifying primary and secondary sex characteristics. Effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition in reduction of gender dysphoria, improvement of health-related quality of life and psycho-social outcomes attracts attention of a growing number of researchers. However, many authors emphasize poor quality of data explained by the complex nature of gender transition that involves medical, social and legal dimensions. Taking account of non-medical (social) factors when conducting epidemiological studies is necessary to obtain more reliable data on effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition, which is important, among other reasons, for the development of clinical practice guidelines on gender dysphoria rooted in evidence-based medicine. Purpose. Identify social factors affecting the quality of studies on effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition and give recommendations for the design of future epidemiological studies. Material and methods. A systematic search of systematic reviews on effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The discovered reviews and underlying studies were analyzed in order to identify limitations in their design, especially related to the influence of social factors. In addition, an analysis of publications in journals Transgender Studies Quarterly, International Journal of Transgender Health and Transgender Health was conducted to identify social factors that affect the effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition. Results. Among the main limitations affecting the quality of epidemiological studies on effectiveness of medical procedures of gender transition are: (a) difficulties of establishing the number of trans people; (b) no consensus on drawing a sample; (c) individual medical needs of trans people; (d) non-linearity and non-chrononormativity of gender transition; (e) poor understanding of social pathways affecting psycho-social outcomes for trans people.
Research on the Water Production Tracking Method of Horizontal Well in Heavy Oil Reservoir with Bottom Water
Authors: Yue Pan , Kai Wang , Chenyang Tang , Ke Li , He Liu
Published: January 2022

At present, the model of heterogeneous fluid production in horizontal wells in bottom water reservoirs does not comprehensively consider the influence of parameters such as flow, length, and position of each production section, resulting in the distortion of interpretation results. Using the Green function and the Newman product method, this paper derives heterogeneous fluid production in horizontal wells in the bottom water heavy oil reservoir. The Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm was used to obtain the bottom fluid pressure solution of the horizontal well production in the bottom water heavy oil reservoir with the wellbore storage effect and skin effect. By drawing the typical chart of horizontal well test in sections, the new model can be divided into five typical flow stages: wellbore storage stage, transition stage, radial flow stage, linear flow stage, and late stable flow stage. Based on the interpretation of conventional parameters, such as permeability, well storage, and skin effect, the new model can further diagnose the parameters such as liquid production length, liquid production position, and liquid production volume of each horizontal section. The field application examples verify the validity of the research results and broad application prospects.
Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage on Case Fatality Risk
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: January 2022

Background: It is well known that COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated higher efficacy against mortalities than mild acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). The estimation of the proportion of mortalities among these morbidities is a measure of case fatality risk (CFR). This study aims to evaluate change in CFR estimates among different countries after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines and to shed light on the influence of the attack rate (AR) on CFR after the introduction of these vaccines.Material and methods:We collected publically available data concerning all countries/territories that implement COVID-19 vaccination at least for a hundred days ending on 3d of April 2021. They were sixteen in number. CFRs were measured as deaths per 100 COVID-19 confirmed cases; vaccine coverage was defined as the number of doses of vaccine per 100 people in the total population.Descriptive data analyses were used including mean value, standard deviation, and graphical presentation by using Stem-Leaf charts and bar charts.Inferential data analyses used included the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and general linear model procedure (GLM). Results: Findings showed that in a highly significant association the mean CFR decreased in countries with > 18 COVID-19 vaccine doses per 100 inhabitants. For the time period of the date of 1st day of vaccination till April 3, 2021, the total mean CFR is decreased with a surprising decrease in proportional total deaths and total cases, this decrement is more among total cases. Conclusion: CFR monitoring may constitute a parameter for measuring vaccination effectiveness and progress of pandemic.
Unified Phase Field Theory Based on the Interaction of Positive and Negative Magnetic poles and Analysis of ATLAS, CMS Experiment at the LHC
Authors: wu xianjin
Published: January 2022

This article assumes that the elementary particle is a magnetic pole field formed by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and believes that gravity, electromagnetic forces, strong forces and weak forces are all produced by the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles. The collision of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a strong force, the decay of the high-energy elementary particles appears as a weak force, the cohesive force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field (the gravitational field) to its magnetic pole is gravity, and the spin force of the high-energy elementary particle magnetic pole field in the external field (the gravitational field) is the electromagnetic force. This article discusses a high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment based on the interaction of positive and negative magnetic poles and reveals the production mechanism of protonium, tauium, muonium, positronium, three generations of leptons and neutrinos, and the final state. This article explains the unification of the strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force and gravity with unified phase field theory and tests this theory by the ATLAS and CMS experimental data at the LHC. The data of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC are completely consistent with the calculated data of the phase field curvature tensor equation. Differential geometric variables are covariant with physical variables. The Lagrangian function of Einstein's mass-energy equation, the Lagrangian function of the Schrodinger particle differential motion wave function based on the theory of relativity, the Lagrangian density of the Young-Mills gauge field equation, and the high-energy elementary particle phase difference momentum-energy tensor of the curvature tensor equation are completely consistent in the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment. These results fully prove that the unified phase field theory is more in line with the physical reality of the high-energy proton-antiproton collision experiment.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzo furans (PCDD/Fs) contamination in sediments and fish from Msimbazi river in Dar es Salam-Tanzania: patterns, sources and their exposure to humans
Authors: Pius Christina , Koosaletse-Mswela Pulane , Sichilongo Kwenga , Dikinya Oagile
Published: January 2022

Results of a GCXGC-TOFMS determination of PCDD/Fs in sediments and cat fish samples collected from Msimbazi river, are presented here. PCDD/Fs congeners in sediments ranged from 2.0 to 393.0 and 0.7 to 654.8 pg/g in the dry and wet season respectively. 1,2,3,4,,7,8,9-HepCDF was detected at the highest concentration but all were lower than the United States of America (USA) action level of 1000 pg/g. Toxicity for each of the sampling points ranged from 19.7 to 36.5 with a mean concentration of 27.0 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g-1in the dry season and 2.0 to 38.7 with a mean concentration of 20.7 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g−1 in the wet season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significance difference between PCDD/Fs TEQ during the dry and the wet season, (P=0.08), α=0.05). The highest TEQ value was estimated at Jangwani in the wet season. Toxicity of PCDD/Fs in cat fish collected from Msimbazi river ranged from 9.3 to 145.2, with a mean of 61.2 pg WHO2005-TEQg-1. Tetrachlorodibenzo dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), was detected in all fish samples and ranged from 3.5 to 12.7 with a mean of 8.1 pg/g.
Characterization of ECM fungal community under three different vegetation restorations in iron tailing
Authors: Zhu Wenxu , Ding Changjun , Zhu Keye , Zhang Weixi , Liang Dejun , Wang XiaoJiang , Li Aiping , Su Xiaohua
Published: January 2022

Vegetation restoration is an effective method to improve the ecological environment of mine tailings, which has a profound impact on the potential ecological functions of soil fungal communities, yet little is known about its beneficial effect on soil ectomycorrhizal fungal community. In this study, the responses of soil characteristics and soil ectomycorrhizal fungal community diversity and structure to different revegetation, as well as the contribution of soil factors to soil ectomycorrhizal community were investigated in Liaoning Province, China. As we anticipated, the vegetation restoration significantly improved soil nutrients. What’s more, compared to PKSZ and PSC, RPL could better improve soil TC, TN, TP, and AP. In addition, soil ectomycorrhizal community diversity in RPL was greater than PKSZ and PSC. NMDS analyses indicated that soil ectomycorrhizal community significantly differed depending on different revegetation types. Thus, these results indicated that RPL could be a suitable species for the revegetation of iron mine tailings. The experiment provided theoretical basis for evidence for ecological restoration of iron mine tailings using local plant species.
Ecological Services of a Peri-Urban Recreation Centre in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Soaga J.A , Adeleye A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study examines the consumption of renewable natural resources without market price by the people to promote conservation in the outlier of urban environment. The resources however offer ecosystem services to protect man and the environment
Methods

Socio-economic profile of respondents and natural resources data were gathered using two methods. Questionnaire as a socio-economic tool was used to gather data from respondents for socio-economic profile and natural resources data were obtained through bio-physical study of available renewable resources. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis
Results

The result shows gender sensitivity with female domination (64%) of the respondents and 36% male, age range 21-40years accounted for 43% with mean age of 41years. Further, some (44%) respondents were Christian, Tertiary education recorded the highest educational level with 53% and Ogun State had the highest State of origin distribution with 77%. A total of 30 flora species was identified and family Fabaceae with 6 species contributed more to the ecosystem services of the park than other families with 3 species. Furthermore, trees with diameter >11cm had higher carbon sequestration potential with 1009,776 kgCha−1, Above Ground Biomass of 2456.795kg and Below Ground Biomass of 272.33kg. A total of 25 fauna species was recorded as offering ecosystem services and Mammals with 31 species had the highest number of species offering ecosystem services followed by Aves with 14 species and reptiles with 13 species.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the study revealed that flora and fauna species offer a wide range of ecosystem services ranging from cultural, supporting, regulating, and provisioning services. It is suggested that recreation policy should ensure that proper and adequate sensitization through electronic media to enlighten the general public on recreation and the significance of flora and fauna in human health and the environment.
Prevalence and Predictors of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease on MRI Among Patients with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Hong Qijin , Feng Qi , Shen Jun , Zheng Qing , Qiao Yuqi
Published: January 2022

Background: It has been documented that Crohn’s disease patients were prone to develop non-alcoholic liver fatty liver disease with less metabolic factors. Our purpose is to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and possible indicators for NAFLD in a cohort of Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods: Established Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who underwent magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) at the gastroenterology unit of our hospital were consecutively enrolled between June 2018 to May 2020. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made by magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MR-PDFF) maps. Medical records during hospitalization were collected and examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Then a predictive model was constructed based on logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk of developing NAFLD.Results: A total of 340 CD subjects were enrolled in this study, 83 (24.4%) suffered from NAFLD. Compared with those without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD showed longer disease duration, higher BMI, more frequent use of corticosteroid and pronouncedly elevated liver function tests. The comparison showed no difference in terms of prolonged anti TNF-α use (>54w). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BMI, ALT, AST and GGT could independently predict hepatic steatosis.Conclusion: NAFLD is frequent in chronic CD patients, while long term use of anti TNF-α seems to have no impact on the development of NAFLD in this population. The model incorporating duration, serum transaminase and body mass index presented as a clinical nomogram could well predict the risk of NAFLD in patient with CD.
Nanobody-Based RFP-Dependent Cre Recombinase for Selective Anterograde Tracing in RFP-Expressing Transgenic Animals
Authors: Inutsuka Ayumu , Maejima Sho , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Kaneko Ryosuke , Nomura Rei , Takanami Keiko , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Onaka Tatsushi
Published: January 2022

Transgenic animals expressing fluorescent proteins are widely used to label specific cells and proteins. GFP-dependent gene regulation utilizes these lines to manipulate gene expression; however, its application has been limited to fluorescent proteins derived from Aequorea jellyfish. By using a split Cre recombinase fused with mCherry-binding nanobodies or designed ankyrin repeat proteins, we created Cre recombinase dependent on red fluorescent protein (RFP) (Cre-DOR). Functional binding units for monomeric RFPs (mCherry, mRFP1) are different from those for dimeric RFP (tdTomato). We confirmed target RFP-dependent gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex using stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus vectors including Cre-DOR, target RFP, and reporter GFP vector. We found highly selective GFP expression in RFP-positive cortical neurons with 93.5 ± 0.6% of GFP-positive cells being mRFP1-positive. In estrogen receptor-beta (Esr2)-mRFP1 mice, we confirmed that Cre-DOR can be used for selective expression of membrane-bound GFP in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The neural projection from Esr2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the posterior pituitary was visualized by Cre-DOR. In gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (Grpr)-mRFP1 rats, we similarly achieved anterograde tracing of Grpr-expressing neurons in the medial amygdala and found that they are projecting axons to the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Cellular localization of RFPs affects recombination efficiency of Cre-DOR, and light and chemical-induced nuclear translocation of an RFP-fused protein can increase or decrease Cre-DOR efficiency. Our results provide a method for manipulating gene expression in specific cells expressing RFPs and expand the repertory of nanobody-based genetic tools.
A novel DNAJ protein, TCAIM, drives proteolysis of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and regulates mitochondrial metabolism.
Authors: WANG Jiahui , ZHONG Youhuang , Ma Xiaomin , Gao Yuanzhu , ZHOU Dejian , Wang Jie , Fu Yinkun , HOU Yutong , SHI Fan , Zhang Yu , Xu Yingjie , wang peiyi , Haigis Marcia , Yu Xiang , Yang Wen
Published: January 2022

Mitochondria play essential roles in metabolism, and the proteostasis system is important for almost all biological processes that occur in this double-membrane-enclosed organelle, including metabolic functions. In this study, we identified a novel mtHSP70 co-chaperone DNAJC protein, TCAIM, that specifically binds to the E1 subunit of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). Using the single-particle cryo-EM technique, we determined the binding structures of TCAIM and OGDH. We further demonstrated that by binding to the native form of OGDH, TCAIM specifically mediates the degradation of OGDH and regulates its activity in vivo in a mtHSP70- and LONP1-dependent manner. Moreover, the lack of TCAIM changes metabolism in mice and primary cells, whereas overexpression of TCAIM decreases mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, this study revealed a novel mechanism by which mitochondrial metabolism could be regulated by selective degradation of an important metabolic enzyme, mediated by a DNAJC protein.
Reproducibility of Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Gawiński Cieszymierz , Michalski Wojciech , Wyrwicz Lucjan
Published: January 2022

Rectal cancer constitutes over one-third of all colorectal cancers (CRC) and is one of the leading cause of cancer-related death in developed countries. Treatment modalities applied in locally advanced tumors differ substantially among research centers. In order to identify high-risk patients and better adjust the therapy new markers are needed. Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers such as LMR, NLR and PLR have been proved highly prognostic in many malignancies, including CRC; however, they lack proper validation. In our study we assessed the reproducibility of LMR, NLR and PLR. Sixty patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated in Maria-Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland between 08.2017 and 12.2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Three consecutive blood morphology tests of each patient within a median period of 21 days were obtained before start of the treatment. LMR, NLR and PLR calculated at two time-points were correlated with the coefficient of 0.776, 0.696 and 0.751 (p<0.005 in all measurements), respectively. Cohen’s Kappa statistic for the extent of agreement between the 1st and the 2nd measurement for LMR was κ = 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39-0.79), p < 0.001. For NLR the Kappa was κ = 0.45 (95% CI, 0.22-0.68), p < 0.001 and for PLR κ = 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.75. Mean percentage change between the third and the first measurement of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets count ranged from -5.59–4.76% and the standard error from 2.0 to 3.9. In conclusion, SIR markers are moderately reproducible, easily obtained biomarkers with potential application in clinical practice.
Food for Thought: Lactating Coquerel’s Sifaka (Propithecus Coquereli) Eat Foods High in Protein and Fiber During the Lean Season
Authors: Ross Abigail C. , Power Michael L.
Published: January 2022

Infant-bearing, Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) undergo gestation during a lean seasonal climate with weaning occurring during the abundant season. During this time, nutrient demand increases due to placental transport to the fetus and to the infant postpartum by milk. Females respond to this increased demand by ingesting larger food quantities, reducing expenditure, and/or using their nutrient stores. We collected foods (N=75) exploited by lactating females (N=10) in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar to examine the nutritional landscape within which sifakas forage. We measured food nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), gross energy (GE) and ash to estimate crude protein (CP), available protein (AP), fiber, mineral content and metabolizable energy (ME). Two significant PCA (principal component analysis) axes corresponded to high protein and high fiber-low ME explaining 91.6% of the variance. Cluster 1 is categorized by foods that contained higher AP and cluster 2 is categorized by higher fiber foods. P. coquereli rely on a diverse range of foods inclusive of those with high AP and ME, but also high fiber foods with low ME. We hypothesize that the high fiber, low ME foods may be important for maintaining the gut microbiome.
Prevalence of G6PD Deficiency and Distribution of Its Genetic Variants Among Malaria-Suspected Patients Visiting Metehara Health Center, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shenkutie Tassew Tefera , Nega Desalegn , Hailu Asrat , Kepple Daniel , Witherspoon Logan , Lo Eugenia , Negash Meshesha Tsigie , Adamu Aderaw , Gebremichael Shewayiref Geremew , Gidey Bokretsion , Tasew Geremew , Feleke Sindew M. , Kebede Tadesse
Published: January 2022

Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is cytosolic enzyme which has a vital role for the integrity and functioning of red blood cells. Lower activity of this enzyme leads to the occurrence of acute hemolytic anemia after exposure to oxidative stressors like primaquine. Primaquine is an important drug for the radical cure of plasmodium vivax and blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum thereby enhancing malaria elimination. However, there is a need to distinguish G6PD deficient individuals and administer the drug with special care due to its hemolytic side effects. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among malaria-suspected individuals.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to September 2021 in Metehara Health Center, Eastern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical information of the study participants. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected based on standard procedures for onsite screening tests, DBS preparation and malaria microscopy. The G6PD enzyme activity was measured by careSTARTTM POCT S1. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS.
Results

A total of 498 study participants were included in the study, of which 62% (309) were males. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency based on the biosensor screening was 3.6% (18/498). Eleven of the G6PD deficient samples had mutations confirmed by gene sequencing analysis. Mutations were detected in G267+119C/T, A376T, and ChrX: 154535443 target genes. A significant association was found between sex and history of previous malaria infection with G6PD deficiency.
Conclusions

The study has shown that the G6PD deficient phenotype exists in Metehara even if the prevalence is not very high. G267+119C/T mutation is the predominant G6PD variant reported. Therefore, malaria patient treatment using primaquine should be closely followed up for any adverse effects.
DeBreak: Deciphering the exact breakpoints of structural variations using long sequencing reads
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Amy , Barkley Courtney , Zhao Xinyang , Gao Min , Edmonds Micky , Chong Zechen
Published: January 2022

Long-read sequencing has demonstrated great potential for characterizing all types of structural variations (SVs). However, existing algorithms have insufficient sensitivity and precision. To address these limitations, we present DeBreak, a novel method for comprehensive and accurate SV discovery. Based on alignment results, DeBreak employs a density-based approach for clustering SV candidates together with a local de novo assembly approach for reconstructing long insertions. A partial order alignment algorithm ensures precise SV breakpoints with single base-pair resolution, and a k-means clustering method can report multi-allelic SV events. DeBreak outperforms existing tools on both simulated and real long-read sequencing data from both PacBio and Nanopore platforms. An important application of DeBreak is analyzing cancer genomes for potentially tumor-driving SVs. DeBreak also demonstrates excellent performance in supplementing whole-genome assembly methods.
Association Between Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Access and the Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth and Schistosome Infections in Wolayita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Phillips Anna Elizabeth , Ower Alison K , Mekete Kalkidan , Firdawek Ewnetu , Maddren Rosie , Belay Habtamu , Chernet Melkie , Anjulo Ufaysa , Mengistu Birhan , Salasibew Mihretab , Anderson Roy
Published: January 2022

Background

The Geshiyaro project is a five-year intervention to assess the impact of community and school-based water, hygiene, and sanitation (WaSH) interventions on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and schistosome parasites, in combination with deworming in Wolayita zone, Ethiopia.
Methods

Data on baseline STH and schistosome prevalence and the association with household and community access to improved drinking water, latrines, and handwashing facilities were obtained during a population based, cross-sectional (by age and gender) survey conducted between 2018 and 2019.
Results

Prevalence of STH was found to be 15.5% for any STH species, 9.5% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 1.8% for Trichuris trichiura, and 7.2% for hookworm. Intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) infection prevalence was 0.85% by Kato Katz, 21.6% by POC-CCA trace positive and 13.3% trace negative. Microhaematuria was 2.8%, with only 0.13% S. haematobium eggs detected in urine filtration. Increased (>30 min) time taken to collect drinking water, sharing a latrine, and lack of handwashing facilities were all associated with a greater risk of Ascaris, hookworm, and S.mansoni infection. Not disposing of infant stool at the household was significantly associated with increased risk of schistosomiasis infection. Aggregating WaSH data at the community level, showed odds of Ascaris and Trichuris infection significantly decreased as both community sanitation coverage and access to improved drinking water improved. Hookworm had reduced odds of infection as community access to drinking water expanded but there was no effect of community sanitation, however, there was a significant impact of improved household sanitation.
Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the quality of, and specific behaviours related to an individual’s use of household WaSH infrastructure are likely to augment potential protection latrines can provide. Furthermore, considering an individual household’s access to WaSH alone is insufficient to demonstrate association and risk with STH/schistosomiasis infection. Increased access to improved sanitation and drinking water within the whole community significantly influences exposure and gains made at the household level.
Identification of Novel non-HFE Mutations in Chinese Patients With Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yanmeng , Xu Anjian , Ouyang Qin , Wu Liyan , Zhou Donghu , Wu Lina , Zhang Bei , Zhao Xinyan , Wang Yu , Wang Xiaoming , Duan Weijia , Wang Qianyi , You Hong , Huang Jian , Ou Xiaojuan , Jia Jidong
Published: January 2022

Background and aim: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is mainly caused by homozygous p.C282Y mutations in HFE in the Caucasians. We recently reported non-HFE mutations constitute the major cause of HH in Chinese. However, there is still a relatively high proportion of cases with primary iron overload from unexplained causes. We aimed to explore novel non-HFE mutations in Chinese patients with primary iron overload.Methods: Whole exome sequence was conducted to screen mutations in novel HH-related genes in the 9 cases with unexplained primary iron overload. Then the representative candidate genes were screened for mutations in another cohort of 18 HH cases. The biological function of the selected genes and variants were analyzed in vitro.Results: Whole exome sequencing of 9 cases with unexplained primary iron overload identified 42 missense variants in 40 genes associated with iron metabolism pathway genes such as UBE2O p.K689R and PCSK7 p.R711W. Subsequent Sanger sequencing of the UBE2O and PCSK7 genes in the 27 cases with primary iron overload identified p.K689R in UBE2O, p.R711W and p.V143F in PCSK7 at frequency of 2/27,1/27 and 2/27 respectively. In vitro siRNA interference of UBE2O and PCSK7 resulted in down-regulated HAMP mRNA expression. Adenovirus generation of UBE2O p.K689R in cell lines resulted in increased expression of SMAD6 and SMAD7 and downregulation of p-SMAD1/5 and HAMP expression, and the reduction of hepcidin level.Conclusion: Our study identified a series of novel candidate non-HFE mutations in Chinese patients with HH. These may provide insights into the genetic basis of unexplained primary iron overload.
Analytical Design and Modelling of GaN Vertical Trench Junction Barrier Schottky Diodes
Authors: Yin Jian , Chen Sihao , Chen Hang , Li Shuti , Liu Chao
Published: January 2022

We report GaN vertical trench junction barrier Schottky (TJBS) diodes and systematically investigate the impacts of the key design parameters on the reverse and forward characteristics of GaN-based TJBS diodes by numerical simulation. Compared with conventional planar junction barrier Schottky (PJBS) diodes, the TJBS structure can suppress the electric field at the Schottky interface more effectively by taking advantage of the electric field shielding effect. We found that the electric field profile can be influenced by the doping concentration, thickness and spacing of p-GaN, as well as the depth and angle of the trench sidewalls. Furthermore, the effect of the cross-sectional profile on the forward characteristics of the TJBS diodes are investigated and the analytical model of the forward conduction is also developed. The results can pave the way towards a high-power, high-voltage, and low-loss GaN vertical Schottky barrier diodes for high-efficiency power system applications.