bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Rational Deployment of Dewatering Depressurization Project of the Cambrian Limestone Geothermal Water
Authors: Guo Jian Wei , Sun Shi Hua , Wu Yan Jie , Wang Xin Yi
Published: October 2011

Based on the analysis of geological structure and characteristics of the Cambrian limestone’s aquifer in the eighth mine of Pingdingshan Coal Mining Cooperation, defining rich aquifer regions of the Cambrian limestone , influencing radius in mining aquifer, thickness of water isolated stratum and geothermal gradient between the Group F seam’s base and the Cambrian limestone’s roof by TEM and DC electrical methods,7 dewatering depressurization holes at a depth of 150m are designed to discharge the Cambrian limestone’s geothermal water in the West Roadway’s floor of Group F seam. 7 discharge water holes’ water inflow is 300 m3/h , and the Cambrian limestone’s drawdown is 17.2 m in the West Roadway in 277 days. The geothermal water temperature is 50°C and the water can be raised to the surface for comprehensive utilization, in order to reduce the high pressure geothermal water hazards and avoid the waste of geothermal water, which is great significant for safety production in coal mines , energy saving and emission reduction.
The Crisis in Urban Water Environment and Land Use
Authors: Zeng Cui Lin , Lin Bin
Published: October 2011

Unreasonable land use and planning made a significant impact on water environment in the process of rapid urbanization, which lead to deterioration of water quality, ground subsidence, floods and other serious consequences. In the analysis of water environment on the basis of its formation mechanism, community can be taken as our subject. The urban water environment can be classified into four parts according to the ways of utilizing the land: Construction area, Traffic Area, Green land and Waters. From different levels and the demand of optimizing the water environment, from three aspects: basic thought and steps, controlling strategies and supporting policies on community rainwater utilizations and planning.
The Experimental Research Based on SHPB Test of the Rocks Plastic Damage Cumulative Effect
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Lei , Li Xiang Long , Liu Di
Published: October 2011

This article to research through SHPB test of the rocks in the plastic damage under the cumulative effects. This paper selects bullets for the diameter steel rods, the bullet hit by a fixed speed when fixed, selects the two kinds of circumstances for gas chamber pressure such as P = 0.6 MPa and P = 0.7 MPa. It is concluded that the main important conclusions： Test specimen didn’t reach the effect for ,Limestone which is no initial damage to absorb lesser energy, as the same time the internal stones damage were also lower, and with the impact times accumulation, limestone damages degree were increasing, eventually make the specimen destroy. The internal of rock specimens are low destroy, when has the same effect, specimens receiving the maximum stress by lesser,when the internal damage can cumulative increases to certain value, and is suffered the same stress effect, finally the maximum stress will be decreased. For rocks material at repeated impact as low speed ,under this action show the obvious plastic damage accumulation effect
The Numerical Investigation on Optical Efficiency and Heat Flux Distribution of Conical Cavity Receiver
Authors: Wang Fu Qiang , Tan He Ping , Shuai Yong
Published: October 2011

Optical efficiency analysis of conical cavity receiver is introduced in this receiver. Monte-Carlo ray tracing codes was developed to analyze the optical efficiency and heat flux distribution of conical cavity receiver with aperture radius variation. Besides, the impact of slope error variation on the optical efficiency and heat flux distribution are also investigated. The numerical results show that inverted conical cavity receiver with optimized aperture radius has the highest optical efficiency.
Study on Solar Desalination with Enhanced Falling Film Evaporation
Authors: Chen Zhi Li , Hou Li An , Ren Zhen Jie , Wang Wen Biao , Zhuang Chun Long
Published: October 2011

Abstract: Based on the analysis of heat and mass transfer and an empirical correlation, a new desalination unit which utilizes solar or waste energy has been developed and tested. In this desalination, a considerable fraction of the latent and sensible heat was successfully recycled and utilized for enhancing falling evaporation-condensation and preheating seawater via remaining heat. The performance of the unit was tested through experiments using an electric heater as heat source. The results indicate that the unit has excellent transient-state performance for effective heat and mass transfer. As a result of the unit operating with a solar system under practical weather conditions, the yield was about five times greater than that of a conventional single solar basin still with the same thermal energy input. The main factors which influence the freshwater yield were researched and analyzed. The reasonable ranges of some parameters were presented.
Experimental Research on Low Grade Copper-Bearing Magnetite in one Area
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Jiang An
Published: October 2011

Recovering valuable metal from tailings has always been one of national resource comprehensive utilization key research subjects. There are copper-bearing magnetite which contains 43.31% of iron and 0.21% of copper in some places. After grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-flotation process can get 68.87% of iron concentrate with recovery 64.39% and copper concentrate which contain copper 12.67% with recovery of 75.30%. The experiment results will provide an effective way to comprehensive utilize the resource in one area.
Advances in Paleostructures Research
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Xiao Gang
Published: October 2011

The formation and evolution of paleostructures have an important impact on the migration, accumulation and distribution of ancient and present petroleum. This paper makes a particularly description of several common paleostructural restoration methods, including thickness method, tectonic reconstruction method, backstripping analysis method, paleo-horizon restoration method, balanced geological cross-section method and line-drawing method. Among them, line-drawing method is a new way to do research in paleostructures using seismic sections. Besides, this paper also concludes the factors which affect restoration of paleostructures.
Anticancer Activity and Chemical Composition of Leaf Essential Oil from Solidago canadensis L. in China
Authors: Li De Qiang , Pan Sheng Hao , Zhu Xi Wu , Tan Lin , Cao Yue Fen
Published: October 2011

The essential oil was obtained at yield of 0.30% by hydrodistillation from fresh leaf tissue of Solidago canadensis L. collected from Zhejiang Province, China. GC and GC/MS analysis identified 46 components, representing 94.6% of the leaf oil. The main components were (-)germacrene D (28.4%), bornyl acetate (9.2%), D-Limonene (5.0%). The essential oil was tested for cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines. The inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil at 50% effect level (IC50) were 68.1 μg/ml for SMMC-7721, 71.4 μg/ml for SGC-7901, and 156.9 μg/ml for Hala, respectively.
Research and Application of Air Foam Flooding in Longdong Jurassic Reservoir
Authors: Xu Hong Xing , Pu Chun Sheng , Shi Dao Han
Published: October 2011

Longdong Jurassic reservoir is a typical severe heterogeneous reservoir. Water flooding in this area is ineffective owing to water breakthrough and water flush. Laboratory experiments and field application of air foam flooding are described in this paper. Firstly, the air foam agent formula that suitable for Longdong Jurassic reservoir is selected as 0.5wt%HD-6 + 0.15wt%HD-Y by studying the foaming ability, stability and interfacial tension between oil and surfactant solution. The oil displacement results indicate that air foam flooding is more effective than the usage of surfactant waterflooding and air injection considering the amount of acquired recovery factor. In addition, process parameters of air foam flooding are determined by core flooding tests. The gas/liquid ratio is set to 3:1 and the chemical slug size is set to 0.9PV. Based on the experiments, air foam flooding is applied in Maling Block, the performance indicates that this technique can increase injection pressure, improve the injection profile of reservoir, decrease the water cut and improve the oil production.
The German Nuclear Phase-Out Plan and its Impact
Authors: Zhang Yan Li , Gu Chun Lei , Ding Yong Jian
Published: October 2011

Germany announced on 30 May 2011 that it will shut down all of its 17 nuclear power stations by 2022 (8 of them immediately, the others step by step), which makes Germany become the first developed country in the world that totally give up the nuclear power and fulfill the change of energy structure after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. The paper analyses the political, economic, social and technical aspects of this decision and its consequences for Germany and its possible impact worldwide.
Analysis and Proposals for Treatment of Smelting Slag in Baoshan District
Authors: Pan Jian Min
Published: October 2011

Smelting slag, a solid industrial waste, has become a major environmental pollution in Baoshan, Shanghai. This thesis makes a detailed analysis of categories, components and functions of smeling slag and puts forward approaches to treatment of steel slag waste in Baoshan District against situations in Bao Steel and its affiliates in hopes of contributing to the improvement of Shanghai’s environment.
Improving on Assembly of SCWR Using MOX Fuel
Authors: Sun Can Hui , Zhou Tao , Hou Zhou Sen , Liu Meng Ying , Luo Feng
Published: October 2011

A calculation is made for certain Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR) using UO2 fuel and MOX fuel respectively. The results indicate that MOX fuel has a simple power distribution with UO2 fuel, but there is a larger power uneven factor when using MOX fuel, and using MOX fuel including weapon grade Pu has larger power uneven factor than using MOX fuel including reactor grade Pu. However, in the case of same power distribution, the fuel rod using MOX fuel has a higher temperature than the one using UO2 fuel. Therefore with the more uneven power distribution, the fuel in SCWR using MOX fuel has a higher temperature. This will result in a big security issue when using MOX fuel in original design of SCWR. Through analyzing the result of power distribution, an improved assembly of SCWR is presented. It can reduce the power uneven factor and increase the security of fuel rod using the improved assembly of SCWR.
Laboratory Studies of Immiscible N2 WAG Flooding for Low Permeability Reservoir of Ordos Basin
Authors: Huang Hai
Published: October 2011

This paper presents experimental work that quantifies the effect of water-alternating-gas (WAG) variables on the immiscible N2 flooding process for low permeability reservoir of Ordos Basin. Many experiments were done with the sand-packed model under the formation condition. The results may be used to determine such parameters as injection pattern, WAG radio, and the number of WAG slugs. Analysis of the relative efficiency of each WAG slug is discussed.
Mathematical Model and Dynamic Characteristics of Spiral-Style Super-Critical Steam Generator Used HTGR
Authors: Dong Li Yu , Zhou Zhi Wei , Zhou Yang Ping
Published: October 2011

Modular HTGR nuclear power plant because of inherent safety and high thermal efficiency shows good prospects for development. The current high-temperature reactor demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) using two thermal power of 250MW of modular HTGR with an electric power 211MWe turbine unit. As one development goals of multi-reactor with one turbine unit, millions of kilowatt nuclear power plant will use more reactor module and steam generator module more like demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) with 1000MWe supercritical turbine generator unit. spiral-style super-critical steam generator design, modeling is a key factor. Analyzing the structure and the characteristic of moderate spiral coil steam generator which is used in Modular HTGR demonstration power plant, from the mechanism of equipments, based on the law of quality conservation, energy conservation, momentum conservation, authors build up the full scope real time simulation mathematical model of super critical steam generator. The dynamic experiments of feed water disturbance, power disturbance, Helium flux disturbance are made on the basis of the model. The experiments show that the model of super critical steam generator has excellent dynamic characteristics.
Research on the Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Properties of Super Heavy Oil
Authors: Li Zhao Min , Liu Wei , Li Song Yan , Li Jing , Li Bin Fei
Published: October 2011

Carbon dioxide flooding is an important way to exploit heavy oil reservoir. Considering the Zheng411 super heavy oil reservoir in Shengli Oil Field, the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide in super heavy oil, and the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the volume factor, viscosity, component content and oil/water emulsification of super heavy oil are researched. The result shows: the solubility of carbon dioxide in super heavy oil increases with the increasing pressure, but the increasing extent declines gradually, when the pressure is below 28MPa, the solubility of carbon dioxide decreases with the rising temperature under the same saturation pressure; the volume factor increases linearly with the increase of supercritical carbon dioxide solubility; under the condition of unsaturation, the supercritical carbon dioxide is able to reduce the density of super heavy oil substantially, whereas it has little impact on the chemical properties of oil; Demulsification and visbreaking can be realized through dissolving supercritical carbon dioxide in super heavy oil that contains water, and the viscosity reduction capacity of carbon dioxide is hardly affected by water.
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Inhibitor Inhibition of 316L Steel
Authors: Ren Xiao Guang , Yang Jie
Published: October 2011

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDTC) is a new type of organic amine corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor is not only good but also inhibition, bactericidal, antioxidant and other effects. Using dynamic potential polarization curves and the CMB-4510A inhibitor of the rapid assessment instrument its 316L steel in various concentrations of sodium chloride solution in the corrosion inhibition. Through the rapid evaluation of corrosion inhibitors and the determination of polarization curves, the results show that: corrosion rate increases with chloride concentration, with the increasing concentration of the solution SDDTC, inhibition effect was significantly better, when the concentration of 0.76g/l, inhibition efficiency is the best.
Numerical Study on Propagation Lows of Gas Explosion in Roadway
Authors: Cheng Guo Qiang , Zhu Xue Liang
Published: October 2011

Based on Fluid Dynamics and Combustion Theory, the model of pipeline was created by the software of CFD, and the spread of gas explosion was simulated in the conditions of pipelines of different lengths. The flame speed was obtained, as well as the the law of pressure changing with time in the pipeline. The results showed that the acceleration of flame speed could be divided into three phases: diffuse transmit, rise rapidly, inertial motion; oscillation pressure affected the turbulence of flame and was the significant reason to the rise of flame speed; when the pipeline got longer, the maximal flame speed would be higher, in addition, the transition distance that flame speed rise to a high value would tend to stable.
Rebuilding the Combination Building of a Nuclear Power Plant by Employing the Lumped Mass Stick Model
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Chen Yu Chih , Wu Yuan Chieh , Cheng An
Published: October 2011

This study rebuilds the computer model of combination building for preparations to enhance the seismic design of nuclear power plants. The lumped mass stick model is used to generate the natural frequency and floor response spectrum, and this paper conducts a comparison of the variations between the original and rebuilt model before an evaluation. The analysis results indicate that the natural frequency and floor response spectrum provided by the novel lumped mass stick model represent the overall building responses in a reasonable fashion. The results generated by the lumped mass model fit those generated by the previous calculations in 1986. The lumped mass model is suitable for performing the safe evaluation of combination building after an occurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis.
Pressure-Cyanide Dissolution of Palladium by Rotating Disk Method
Authors: Zhao Ji Shou , Yan Li , Huang Kun , Chen Jing
Published: October 2011

At room temperature and pressures, the reaction between sodium cyanide and platinum group metals (PGMs) does not occur because of poor kinetics. However, at elevated temperatures between 100°C and 180°C, PGMs can be dissolved by sodium cyanide like the reaction of gold. In this work, the dissolution of Palladium was measured in pressure clear cyanide solution using a Palladium rotating disk. The data at different rotation speed, different cyanide concentrations, different temperature and different oxygen pressure are obtained. With increasing cyanide concentration and oxygen pressuer, the dissolution first increased to a maximum value and then decreased. With increasing temperature the dissolution is increased.The dissolution was found to have a relation of the cyanide and oxygen level. The dissolution were independent of rotation speed for oxygen-saturated solutions and cyanide concentrations above 5 mol.m-3 and were well below chemical reaction-limited for cyanide and oxygen.
The Examination and Control of Heavy Medium Suspending Liquid Density with Ultrasonic Attenuation Theory
Authors: Wang Wei Dong , Jia Meng Yang , Qin Yue , Han Xing , Fan Qiang
Published: October 2011

The coal dressing method of heavy medium has many advantages, as follows, the strong adaptability on coal quality of raw coal ,high precision of separation, the wide grade range, Craft system simplification, easy to realize the automation and other advantages, which have rapid development trend both at home and abroad. Heavy medium density automatic control system is one of the most important key, that height and stability play a decisive role on the quality of products and production rate for coal production process. In this article, the heavy medium density is accurate measured with the ultrasonic attenuation theory, he law of attenuation is analyzed in the heavy medium density liquid, the relationship between the density and sound attenuation is summarized. And the closed loop automatic control is realized based on which and the separation efficiency is improved, the cost is saved.
Research on Optimal Aspergillus Saccharifying Cassava Residues Technology by Response Surface
Authors: Yang Jin Song , Xu Ting Ting , Tan Hai Sheng , Zhai Hai Rui , Wang Qian
Published: October 2011

Cassava residues were taken as main raw material, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus usamii were chosen as glucoamylase preparation, and response surface was used to optimize and analyze saccharification temperature, pH, rate of enzyme and total amount of Aspergillus (g/100g cassava residues) so order to find out the best operation conditon for cassava residues saccharification. It was found that the best operation condition for Aspergillus to saccharify cassava residues were as follows: saccharification temperature 70°C, pH 4, ratio of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus usamii was 3:9, total amount of Aspergillus 10%, and it turned out to be a total reducing sugar content of 2.70g/L.
Application of PCA-RBF Method to QSRR Studies on Hydrocarbon in FCC Gasoline with PCA-RBF
Authors: Zhang Xiao Tong , Ren Chuang , Guo Jing Jing , Song Li Juan , Sun Ting
Published: October 2011

A novel Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) algorithm based on Principle component analysis(PCA) is proposed and applied to predicted the retention index of a series of hydrocarbons in FCC gasoline. The PCA technology is utilized to preprocess the mass spectrogram of FCC gasoline for parameter selection and to reduce the input of prediction model, which thus improve the input factors and eliminates the correlation among the inputs. Then new sample data are input into radial basis function-artificial neutral network(RBF-ANN) to construct the prediction model.156 compounds were divided into two subsets. RSM of training set and testing set is 0.9958 and 0.9991, respectively. The satisfactory results were obtained.
The Research and First Application on PV-DC System in 110kV Substation of Zhe Gao
Authors: Xie Hong Fu , Zhang Ke , Wang Xiao , Wang Yu
Published: October 2011

The distributed power generation technology which is represented by solar photovoltaic power generation has been recognized for having the enormous advantages such as energy conservation and emission reduction, improving the reliability and flexibility of power system. In this paper, the research of photovoltaic dc system is used in 110 kV Zhegao substation in Chaohu Anhui province. The system is the first set of substation photovoltaic dc system in Anhui province. It has being operated for three years safety and steady. The whole application of the system is advanced and groundbreaking in the domestic.
Comparing the Energetic and Exergetic Performances of a Building Heated by Solar Energy and Ground-Source (Geothermal) Heat Pump
Authors: Hepbasli Arif , Balta Mustafa Tolga , Alsuhaibani Zeyad
Published: October 2011

In this study, we considered a building, which had a volume of 336 m3 and a floor area of 120 m2, with indoor and outdoor air temperatures of 20 oC and 0 oC, respectively. For heating this building, we selected two options, namely (i) a ground-source (geothermal) heat pump system (Case 1), and (ii) a solar collector heating system (Case 2). We employed both energy and exergy analysis methods to assess their performances and compare them through energy and exergy efficiencies and sustainability index. We also investigated energy and exergy flows for this building and illustrated from the primary energy transformation through the heat production system and a distribution system to a heating system, and from there, via the indoor air, across the building envelope to the surrounding air. We calculated that the total exergy efficiencies for Cases 1 and 2 were 4.7%, and 26.1% while sustainability index values for both cases were 1.049 and 1.353 at a reference (dead) state temperature of 0 oC, respectively.
Research for Hydrological Modelling System Technology Based on OpenMI
Authors: Wang Jian Ping , Chen Jian , Li Chun Hong
Published: October 2011

There has been a variety wide of hydrological simulation models, each model has its own characteristics. Hydrological modelling considers more and more detailed physical mechanism. And involved professional models also increased great significantly. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an open unified model interface standards to make a data communication among different models and quickly formulate modelling systems suitable for the characteristics of target watershed. OpenMI emerged at the right moment to satisfy the requirements of above situations. The thesis bases on OpenMI to design hydrological modelling systems and inherits OpenMI framework of design, request/feedback mechanism and hierarchy facing to modules. This design can solve the assembly link problem of cross-language and multi-type models and make a beneficial attempt for hydrological modelling system efficient integration.
The Evaluation of Biomass Industry Competitiveness in Rural Areas of Heilongjiang Province Based on the Entropy Method
Authors: Shang Jie , Wu Ya Qiong
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the present development situation of biomass industry in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, through the entropy method to quantify the competitiveness of regional industry, evaluates the biomass industry competitiveness in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, points the problem and gives the relevant suggestions.
Application of Structural Equation Model for Exploring the inﬂuence of Environmental Factors on Phytoplankton in Bohai Bay
Authors: Xu Xiao Fu , Tao Jian Hua
Published: October 2011

In this paper, structural equation model (SEM) is used to explore the inﬂuence of coastal environment factors on phytoplankton in Bohai Bay. The SEM is a multivariate statistical method and by using it, a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and evaluate of a network of relationships between variables. In our study, the hypothesized model considered the inﬂuence of the physical environment (temperature, salinity, and PH) and nitrogen (total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total dissolved inorganic phosphate, and silicate) on total phytoplankton biomass. With the conclusions of this model, we find that nutrients have greater effect on phytoplankton biomass and there is a strong correlation between nutrients and physical environment. Additionally, salinity has greatest positive effect on phytoplankton, whereas total dissolved inorganic nitrogen has the greatest negative effect. Generally, the SEM gave plausible results and enabled the identiﬁcation of the role of the abiotic factors on the phytoplankton.
Study on the Pretreatment of LAS Wastewater by UV/Fenton Oxidation Technology
Authors: Li Fu Xiang
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Fenton and UV/Fenton oxidation technology were used to treat LAS wastewater. Experimental results showed that in the conditions of pH=6.0、Fe2+=7mM、H2O2/Fe2+=10:1, LAS removal efficiency was higher. Under the same conditions, for the removal efficiency of LAS and COD, UV/Fenton method is higher than Fenton method. After the treatment of UV/Fenton, the B/C value of raw water increased from 0.28 to 0.49, and can meet the requirements of biological process as followed.
Degradative Factors and Protective Countermeasures of Coastal Wetlands in Tangshan
Authors: Gao Lian Feng , Zhang Zhen Guo , Zhang Ying , Wang Ying Chun , Zhang Peng , Liu Chang Shui
Published: October 2011

To solve wetlands degradation is the key issues in the protective process. Coastal wetlands in Tangshan are facing the rapid decline and the deterioration of ecological function. The situation is controlled by two main factors: natural factors and human factors. The former includes the climate drought, rising sea levels and other reasons. The latter includes urbanization and port construction, water and environmental pollution, coastal industrial and agricultural production and other factors. Wetlands degradation in the study area is controlled by rapid industrialization, massive urbanization and port construction. Wetlands protection hinges on the correct understanding of their social, economic and ecological value, and its protection bringing into the overall urban development planning.
Hydrodynamic Simulation of WeiYi Bridge in LiuZhou City, Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Wei He , Gao Long Hua , Chen He Qin , Li Jiu Fa
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Liuzhou is an important city of flood protection in china.Flood protection assessment for any new relational-water project is prerequisite.In order to understand the impact to river flow,a 2-D hydrodynamic model is set up,and use ADI method to solute partial differential groups.The results can be shown as fellows: Computation is fast steady and convergent by ADI method,and associated errors of model control is satisfied.The bridge pier has major impacts on river flow.Velocity change due to bridge built could lead to riverbed erosion between piers,and siltation along the upstream and downstream of the Weiyi bridge.Water level could be rised in the bridge upstream with the raised water level of about 0.08m,which might affect drained floods to a some degree.
Study on Discharge Distribution Ratio Variation of Main Connection Nodes in Pearl River Delta, in Wet Season, China
Authors: Wei He , Gao Long Hua , Chen He Qin , Li Jiu Fa
Published: October 2011

In recent years,with the high speed development of economy in Pearl River delta, infrastructure investment for water resource,traffic,environmental protection is growing.It is increasingly urgent for understanding river nets system and discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes.Discharge distribution ratio of each nodes is relative to the runoff of upper boundary and the tidal power of lower boundary.The Pearl River estuary is divided into far mouth section,near mouth section and estuary section.Discharge distribution ratio of every section varieties with upper and lower boundary conditions.In this paper,Based on the observational data of June in 1998 and June in 2005,combining with history data,analysis discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes of the Pearl River delta.and set up a mathematical model to simulate flow variation characters.The conclusion is, in recent years Discharge distribution ratio of the east four outlets increases, namely the ratio of West River flowing into North River and North River into the main channel of the Pearl River.with the flood discharge increasing,The ratio of the longitudinal branches occupies the smaller proportion than that of latitude branches.
Evaluation of Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage Containing Wet Brewers’ Grains and Corn Straw
Authors: Wang Hui Li , Sun Qi Zhong , Yang Fu Yu , Xu Chun Cheng
Published: October 2011

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ensiling on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration (TMR) containing wet brewers’ grains and corn straw. During the ensiling period, pH fell dramatically from 6.00 to 3.92 at the initial 3 days, then it maintained relatively stable. Lactic acid concentration firstly increased rapidly then it became slowly to reach 3.21% at day 28 post-ensiling. No propionic acid or butyric acid was observed throughout the ensiling. When exposed to air, the temperature of TMR increased quickly to reach a maximum of about 45°C at the 6-day, then it tended to decline until day 9. Later, it had another relative low peak at the 10-day, then it dropped slowly to be equal to air temperature. For TMR silage, no heat production or mold were detected in the entire period. In addition, during the days of exposure, the pH for TMR varied from 6.0-8.7, while TMR silages had no significant differences (3.86 to 3.87). The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the TMR decreased from the initial 3.2×103 cfu g-1 to below detectable levels and yeast counts increased by 1000 times. However, the TMR silage had no significant change in LAB and yeast counts. These results indicated that the TMR silage showed great quality and aerobic stability. Overall, fermentation plays an important part in helping total mixed ration silage forming a good aerobic stability.
Longitudinal Transportation Mechanism of Sallinity in West Channel of Lingding Bay in Dry Season, China
Authors: You Hua Li
Published: October 2011

Estuary is the transition zone,where fresh water and salty water mixes strongly.In dry season,because Discharge of the Pearl River water decreases,salt water intrusion become serious in the Pearl River delta,and affect the safety of fresh water supply.So,salinity transport mechanism is a very important topic.In this paper,according to the measured data in November 3-4,2005,calculate and analyze the longitudinal flow characteristics,salinity distribution and transport mechanisms. Research results show that the velocity varieties with ebb and flood processes,the surface velocity is larger than that of bottom and middle layer.In ebb slack and flood slack period,there is a zero velocity point,and its movement distance is up to 10km.Vertical residual circulation is obvious, surface layer is to sea,and bottom layer is to land.Net salinity transport direction is from sea to land.salinity vertical stratification is evident,and varieties obviously with tide changes.Surface salinity gradient is larger In flood period,and bottom salinity gradient is larger in ebb period.In ebb slack time,salinity is vertical uniform distribution.
Study on Water Quality Improvement of Streams in Baoan District, Shenzhen City, China
Authors: You Hua Li
Published: October 2011

Water is the basis of natural resources and strategic economic resources.Deteriorated water environment of streams in Shenzhen city could have a great impact on ecological safety, people's health,and economic development.Based on the data of field observation and Remote sensing (RS) image,integrated analysis of the water degradation causes,and the changes of biochemical oxygen demand in five days(BOD5）concentration by mathematical model were carried out,which is on basis of percentage of waste water disposal,fresh water transformation,and harbor excavation, respectively.The results show that degradation causes of water quality were resulted from waste water discharge, harbor construction,and ecological environment damage, which could lead to slowly water exchange. Accordingly,the pollution can be easily to store in the bay,which result in water quality changes.The most important improved countermeasure is the control of waste water, which could be had a great effectiveness to decrease pollution.In addition, fresh water must be supplied after polluted water was cut off,which can be better improvement for water quality.This would be extreme improvement for hydrological dynamics due to 15m harbor excavation,which can significantly reduce BOD5 concentration.The innovation points of this paper is to mathematical model,which is based on the basis of qualitative analysis.
Application of Chitosan in Removing Algae by Dissolved Air Flotation
Authors: Wang Yu Heng , Zhuo Sheng Guang , Yang Yi Xin , Li Na
Published: October 2011

Using polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and chitosan as the main coagulant and coagulant-aid respectively, the high algae-laden water was treated by coagulation/flocculation/dissolved air flotation (C/F/DAF). When the doses of PAC and chitosan were both moderate (7.0~8.4 mg Al2O3/L of PAC and 0.6~1.0 mg/L of chitosan), the removal rates of turbidity, algae cells and TOC were all increased apparently compared with adding PAC alone. Especially, the residual aluminum concentration reduced significantly in treated water with the aid of chitosan. The structrue and strength of flocs formed by coagulation aid of chitosan were improved obviously, which proved that addition of chitosan could enhance the flocculation performance of PAC. So, in C/F/DAF process for removing algae, using chitosan as coagulant-aid can improve the flotation performance and reduce residual aluminum concentration in treated water.
Dynamical Characteristics and Salt Transportation of Lingdingyang Bay of Pearl River Estuary in Summer, Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Wei He , Chen He Qin , You Hua Li , Gao Long Hua
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In order to comprehend the salinity transport mechanism,the tidally varying circulation,and salt stratification are investigated in Lingdingyang bay.The conclusions are:When the discharge is moderate,Lingdingyang is a highly stratified estuary,and salt wedge movement is very prominent.The baroclinic circulation is comparatively strong,and strong salinity gradients create a complex three-dimensional flow.A tidal intrusion front moves upstream in flood periods,and distance of movement is longest in flood slack.Because Velocity shear across the interface of fresh and salt water,and intense waves from and break,entrainment is very strong which cause salt water into freshwater.
The Applications of Natural Zeolites for Cadmium Removal from Sample Water: Models on Laboratory Scale
Authors: Onthong Usa , Pungpo Pornpan , Thongnueakhaeng Wikanda
Published: October 2011

The removal of the cadmium ion from aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments using five natural zeolites were obtained from South of Thailnd, Clinoptiolite, Mordenite, Willhensonite, Offretite and Ferrierite, on the basis of experimental models on laboratory scale. Clinoptiolite was used for preliminary study of the adsorption parameters. An hour contact time and 40 g/L of the ratio of zeolite per water sample are optimum adsorption parameters with an average cadmium removal efficiency of 91.68 %. The optimum adsorption conditions were then used for other four natural zeolites. The results show that the effective removal sequence can be listed as Offretite  Clinoptiolite > Willhensonite > Mordenite > Ferrierite. Clinoptiolite, Offretite and Willhensonite are successfully used to reduce significantly cadmium from sample water with removal efficiency ranging from of 87-92%, respectively. Accordingly, the natural zeolites are recommendable adsorbents for highly cadmium removal of industrial wastewater with low cost of wastewater treatments and environmentally friendly chemical processes.
Design of Deceleration Device on Small Wind Generator Based on Friction
Authors: Zhang Dai Quan , Chen Guo Ping
Published: October 2011

The speeding protection problem is the biggest problem that small wind generator is facing now. A deceleration device of small wind generator, which is a speed controller, was designed. The speed controller mainly makes use of a simple speed centrifugal force and friction to achieve the purpose of speed control, and also theoretical calculation and case study was made. The device can make a small wind generator work with a limit speed only when it is overdrive, and it can also guarantee the wind generator is in the condition with a normal output power.
Study on the Sprayed Concrete with Iron Tailings
Authors: Liu Wen Yong , Xu Xiao Liang , An Yong Ye
Published: October 2011

This essay is the subject of national eleventh five support schemes: The analysis of key technology on emission reduction and comprehension utilization of solid waste from large iron ore mine (Number:2008BAB32B14). The purpose of this test is to replace natural sand with the same amount of iron tailings and find a new technology method to utilize iron tailings. Based on theory of the preparation of sprayed concrete, this experiment made ratio test with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% iron tailings content, and finally achieved the result which met the engineering required, after multiple batches of laboratory tests. By studying mechanical properties of sprayed concrete mixing different proportions of iron tailings, the optimal ratio of iron tailings to replace nature sand have been gotten. The result indicates that with 20% iron tailings to replace nature sand, the performance of sprayed concrete is the best.
Synergetic Degradation of Zidovudine Wastewater by Ultrasonic and Iron-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis
Authors: Li Liang , Xu Bing Zhe , Lin Chang Yu , Hu Xiao Min
Published: October 2011

Zidovudine wastewater is difficult to biodegradation due to high COD and toxicity. The synergetic treatment of Zidovudine wastewater by Ultrasonic and iron-carbon micro-electrolysis technology was studied. The influence of initial pH, reaction time, mass ratio of iron and carbon and mass ratio of iron and water on degradation rate of COD was researched. The result showed that the COD removal rate was only about 54.3% and the degradation speed is very slow when iron-carbon micro-electrolysis treated Zidovudine wastewater　separately. However, when ultrasonic synergy micro-electrolysis to treat Zidovudine wastewater, the COD removal rate could was up to 85% and the reaction time was also decreased. Moreover, the BOD5 / COD rose from 0.15 to 0.35, which meant the wastewater became easily biodegradable.
Performance of Anaerobic Stage-Constructed Wetland Integrated in Treatment of Low-Concentration Domestic Sewage
Authors: Ye Chang Bing , Li Lan , Zhang Jing Jing
Published: October 2011

Prompted by the constructed wetland without long-term stable operation and anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with higher suspended solid (SS) removal rate, an anaerobic stage-constructed wetland integrated sewage treatment system was designed and applied to treat low-concentration domestic sewage from campus. The hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of anaerobic stage and constructed wetland were set as HRT1, HRT2 by our research. All the trials lasted 30 months, and the results of trial indicated that SS removal rate of the ABR stage was at least 82% under the condition that HRT1 ≥20h. At（ 22±2）°C, under the conditions that HRT1=45h and HRT2=15h, the COD, TN, TP removal rates of integrated wastewater treatment system could be over 82.38%, 76.75% and 71.29%, respectively. Based on the results of trial, the operational life of constructed wetland integrated with ABR was evaluated that at least 4 times than that of individual constructed wetland, and the mechanisms of higher efficacy and long-term stable operation of integrative sewage treatment system in treatment of low-concentration domestic sewage from campus were owed to high efficient SS removal rate at ABR stage.
The Response of Agricultural Water Demand to Climate Change in Shiyang River Basin, in Northwest China
Authors: Wang Hua Qi , Zhang Mao Sheng , Dang Xue Ya , Zhu Hua
Published: October 2011

This paper reports on the method of linking climate change scenarios with hydrologic and agricultural theory to study agriculture water demand under changing climate conditions, which is applied in Shiyang River basin, in Northwest China. We calculate agriculture water demand by use of Penman-Monteith formula and field water balance theory, droved by climate factors. This paper concludes that, the response of agriculture water demand to climate change exists, but the climate change can’t vary the basic law of water resources system; reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and temperature represent positive correlation, moreover, agriculture water demand and temperature also exist positive correlation, however, agriculture water demand and precipitation show the evident negative correlation; the influence of agriculture water demand which induced by temperature increase or decrease 1°C is larger than that induced by precipitation increasing or decreasing 10%; the influence range of agriculture water demand which induced by precipitation decrease is larger than that induced by precipitation increase; the influence range of agriculture water demand which induced in the guarantee rate of 75% is larger than that which induced in the guarantee rate of 50%; in additionally, the influence range of agriculture water demand in 2020 is larger than that in 2010. Therefore, in these relatively water shortage areas, changes in agriculture water demand due to climate change will require timely improvement in crop cultivars, irrigation and drainage technology, and water management.
Economic Modeling of Site-Specific Optimum Wind Turbine for Electrification Studies
Authors: Bawah Umar , Addoweesh Khaled E , Eltamaly Ali M.
Published: October 2011

A generalized approach for the economic selection of wind turbine for a given wind regime is proposed in this paper. It draws from the literature and standards being used in the field to arrive at an economic site specific wind turbine based on minimizing the annual cost of energy produced (AEP) while tracking the initial capital cost (ICC) of investment required. It is meant to provide an initial study to guide decision makers who are contemplating using wind energy as a power source to generate electricity in commercial quantity for community usage. It is a general estimation approach which does not require surfing for manufacture prices and wind turbine parameters. The input data consists of site specific wind data, hub height, rotor diameter and turbine power rating. The output gives a range of plots of feasible wind turbine ratings, rotor diameters, rated speed against initial capital cost (ICC) and also cost of energy produced (COE).
Characteristics of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Enzymes during the Aerobic/anoxic Digestion of Sewage Sludge after Ultrasonic Pretreatment
Authors: Zheng Li , Sun Shui Yu , Xu Yan Bin , Liu Bao Jian , Yao Wei Ting , Cai Ming Shan , Tong Wen Jin
Published: October 2011

In this paper, ultrasonic pretreatment was used to improve the aerobic/anoxic digestion of sewage sludge. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and enzymes in the digestion were analysed to understand the mechanisms responsible for this improvement. The results showed that the ultrasonic pretreatment enhanced enzymatic activities and accelerated the solubilisation of the EPS. In addition, ultrasonic pretreatment could not only break flocs and release extracellular materials but also destroy cells and release intercellular materials. With ultrasonic pretreatment, the sludge reduction for volatile suspend solids (VSS) in aerobic/anoxic digestion was 41.97±0.66%, compared with 22.81±1.40% for the control treatment, after an aerobic/anoxic digestion time of 10 d. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy results showed that the polymeric compounds, proteins and polysaccharides were easily hydrolysed and biodegraded in ultrasonic-treated sludge.
Experimental Research on Copper Sulfide Ore in Liaoning
Authors: Li Tie , Ma Ming , Li Ming Yu
Published: October 2011

After the analysis of ore properties and experiments, a suitable process is determined, and a better index is obtained under this process, which is copper concentrate 20.33 % and the recovery 95.23 %. This process provides technical reference to this kind of copper resourses.
Research Progress on the Anammox Technology
Authors: Tan Feng Xun , Huang Min , Wu Dao Ji , Zhu Zhao Liang
Published: October 2011

With the continuing phenomenon of eutrophication, the pollution of nitrogen has caused wide concern. Lack of organic carbon sources is always considered to be a key problem for nitrogen removal efficiency and cost when conventional biological nitrogen removal process was used to the treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater, but the anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX）can solve this problem .Anammox has so many advantages that it has good prospects in the biological nitrogen removal in wastewater. Anammox bacteria grows slowly, has a long generation time, and is susceptible to the environmental conditions. DO, Temperature, pH and organic can impact the process of anammox, so it is necessary to take careful methods to cultivate Anammox biomass. Depending on the purpose of improve water quality, appropriate treatment reactors and seed sludge should be selected to start ANAMMON process. The discovery of anaerobic ammonia oxidation, the reaction mechanism, influence application, the enrichment of anammox bacteria, physiological and biochemical characteristics of anammox bacteria, the start of anaerobic ammonia oxidation are reviewed in this paper.
Study on the Product Structure Optimization of Hot Process Phosphate Based on Comprehensive Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas
Authors: Liu Xu Qing , Cai Zhong Li , Kang Ming Xiong , Liu Xuan , Liu Da Yin
Published: October 2011

After desulfurated by electric furnace process, yellow phosphorus tail gas could be used to generate electricity or produce C1 chemical products. Through comparing the restraining factors and feasibility of the above two comprehensive utilization methods, the generation of using yellow phosphorus tail gas is considered as a more advantageous and developing comprehensive utilization way. Moreover this paper recommends a cascade recycling technology which focuses on the generation and recycling heat energy. Based on the above, the downstream products structures of yellow phosphorus can be divided into three kinds, Class A, B and C. Through comparative analysis, Class A is thought to be the best structure that could make the complete recycling of tail gas come true and recycle the waste heat to gain vapor which replaces coal-fired boiler.
Preparation and Cr6+ Adsorption Property of Zeolite/EPDM Composite
Authors: Liu Xiu Qi , Xing He Qin
Published: October 2011

In our study, a new kind of material for Cr6+ absorbency was prepared by melt blending with EPDM as the matrix and modified zeolite as the filler. Contrast between natural zeolite, acid modified zeolite and modified zeolite / EPDM composite on equilibrium adsorption amount (Q), the results showed that the Q of composite were far greater than that of natural zeolite and acid modified zeolite.