bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review and syntheses: Turbidity flows – evidence for effects on deep-sea benthic community productivity is ambiguous but the influence on diversity is clearer
Authors: Bigham Katharine T. , Rowden Ashley A. , Leduc Daniel , Bowden David A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Turbidity flows – underwater avalanches – are large-scale physical disturbances that are believed to have profound and lasting impacts on benthic communities in the deep sea, with hypothesised effects on both productivity and diversity. In this review we summarize the physical characteristics of turbidity flows and the mechanisms by which they influence deep sea benthic communities, both as an immediate pulse-type disturbance and through longer term press-type impacts. Further, we use data from turbidity flows that occurred hundreds to thousands of years ago as well as three more recent events to assess published hypotheses that turbidity flows affect productivity and diversity. We found, unlike previous reviews, that evidence for changes in productivity in the studies was ambiguous at best, whereas the influence on regional and local diversity was more clear-cut: as had previously been hypothesized turbidity flows decrease local diversity but create mosaics of habitat patches that contribute to increased regional diversity. Studies of more recent turbidity flows provide greater insights into their impacts in the deep sea but without pre-disturbance data the factors that drive patterns in benthic community productivity and diversity, be they physical, chemical, or a combination thereof, still cannot be identified. We propose criteria for data that would be necessary for testing these hypotheses and suggest that studies of Kaikōura Canyon, New Zealand, where an earthquake-triggered turbidity flow occurred in 2016, will present helpful insights into the impacts of turbidity flows on deep-sea benthic communities.
Low-temperature infrared spectrum and atomic-scale structure of hydrous defects in diopside
Authors: Balan Etienne , Paulatto Lorenzo , Liu Jia , Ingrin Jannick
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Hydrous defects in diopside (CaMgSi2O6) play an important role in the water budget of the Earth's mantle. Related OH-stretching modes lead to a variety of infrared absorption bands observed in natural or experimental samples. In the present study, we report new low-temperature infrared spectra of reference natural diopside samples in the OH-stretching range. In parallel, the structure and vibrational properties of a series of OH-bearing defects in diopside are theoretically determined at the density functional theory level. The infrared spectra make it possible to resolve additional bands in the region above 3600 cm−1 and reveal that their anharmonic behavior differs from that of the bands at lower frequency. A comparison of theoretical results with experimental data makes it possible to propose atomic-scale geometries corresponding to observed OH-stretching bands. It confirms that the bands observed at 3620–3651 cm−1 are related to M3+ ions substituted for Si in tetrahedral sites, while the 3420 cm−1 band is associated with the Na+ for Ca2+ substitution. In both cases, H+ incorporation compensates the charge deficit due to the heterovalent substitution. The other major mechanism of water incorporation in diopside relates to the charge compensation of cationic vacancies, among which Ca vacancies play a central role. The 3357 cm−1 band corresponds to doubly protonated Ca vacancies in pure diopside. In experimental diopside-bearing trivalent cations, the bands at 3432–3460 cm−1 correspond to singly protonated Ca vacancies with a nearby octahedral M3+ ion, while the 3310 cm−1 band likely involves a more remote charge compensation by M3+ ions. More complex defects associating Ca vacancies with tetrahedral M3+ and octahedral Ti4+ ions are proposed for the bands observed between 3500 and 3600 cm−1 in natural diopside. The Fe2+ for Mg2+ and Fe2+ for Ca2+ substitutions are also found to affect nearby OH-bearing defects, causing a shift and broadening of OH stretching bands in chemically more complex diopside samples.
Räume des Experimentierens: Die Einführung von Sprühdrohnen in der digitalen Landwirtschaft
Authors: Pauschinger Dennis , Klauser Francisco
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This article investigates how new digital technologies are established in agriculture. It does so by drawing upon empirical data from a qualitative case study with a Swiss based but internationally operating start-up that has recently obtained the first authorisation to spray crop protection products on vineyards and fruit plantations with their home-made drone. Conceptually the article takes inspiration in Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) and challenges common understandings of overly urban centred approaches of how new technologies find entry in public policies. The authors argue that instead of seeing a straightforward process of implementing the new drone technology, there has been a joint-effort between the private company and federal institutions to experiment, improve and regulate the functioning of the sprayer drone. A process that is, so is argued, heavily marked by knowledge transfers and formalisations of new private-public alliances, that have been channelled through three particular spatial categories, relating to policy experiments, socio-technical experiments and strategic experiments.
Estimating ocean tide loading displacements with GPS and GLONASS
Authors: Matviichuk Bogdan , King Matt , Watson Christopher
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Ground displacements due to ocean tide loading have previously been successfully observed using Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and such estimates for the principal lunar M2 constituent have been used to infer the rheology and structure of the asthenosphere. The GPS orbital repeat period is close to that of several other major tidal constituents (K1, K2, S2); thus, GPS estimates of ground displacement at these frequencies are subject to GPS systematic errors. We assess the addition of GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) to increase the accuracy and reliability of eight major ocean tide loading constituents: four semi-diurnal (M2, S2, N2, K2) and four diurnal constituents (K1, O1, P1, Q1). We revisit a previous GPS study, focusing on 21 sites in the UK and western Europe, expanding it with an assessment of GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS estimates. In the region, both GPS and GLONASS data have been abundant since 2010.0. We therefore focus on the period 2010.0–2014.0, a span considered long enough to reliably estimate the major constituents. Data were processed with a kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) strategy to produce site coordinate time series for each of three different modes: GPS, GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS. The GPS solution with ambiguities resolved was used as a baseline for performance assessment of the additional modes. GPS+GLONASS shows very close agreement with ambiguity resolved GPS for lunar constituents (M2, N2, O1, Q1) but with substantial differences for solar-related constituents (S2, K2, K1, P1), with solutions including GLONASS being generally closer to model estimates. While no single constellation mode performs best for all constituents and components, we propose to use a combination of constellation modes to recover tidal parameters: GPS+GLONASS for most constituents, except for K2 and K1 where GLONASS (north and up) and GPS with ambiguities resolved (east) perform best.
Calving Front Machine (CALFIN): Glacial Termini Dataset and Automated Deep Learning Extraction Method for Greenland, 1972–2019
Authors: Cheng Daniel , Hayes Wayne , Larour Eric , Mohajerani Yara , Wood Michael , Velicogna Isabella , Rignot Eric
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We present Calving Front Machine (CALFIN), an automated method for extracting calving fronts from satellite images of marine-terminating glaciers. The results use Landsat imagery from 1972 to 2019 to generate 22 678 calving front lines across 66 Greenlandic glaciers. The method uses deep learning, and builds on existing work by Mohajerani et al., Zhang et al., and Baumhoer et al. Additional post-processing techniques allow for accurate segmentation of imagery into Shapefile outputs. This method is uniquely robust to the impact of clouds, illumination differences, ice mélange, and Landsat-7 Scan Line Corrector errors. CALFIN provides improvements on the current state of the art. A model inter-comparison is performed to evaluate performance against existing methodologies. CALFIN's ability to generalize to SAR imagery is also evaluated. CALFIN's fronts are often indistinguishable from manually-curated fronts, deviating by 2.25 pixels (86.76 meters) from the true front on a diverse set of 162 testing images. The current implementation offers a new opportunity to explore sub-seasonal trends on the extent of Greenland's margins, and supplies new constraints for simulations of the evolution of the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and its contributions to future sea level rise.
Diverging future surface mass balance between the Antarctic ice shelves and grounded ice sheet
Authors: Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Agosta Cécile , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Hofer Stefan , Delhasse Alison , Doutreloup Sébastien , Huot Pierre-Vincent , Lang Charlotte , Fichefet Thierry , Fettweis Xavier
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The future surface mass balance (SMB) will influence the ice dynamics and the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) to the sea-level rise. Most of recent Antarctic SMB projections were based on the 5th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). However, new CMIP6 results have revealed a +1.3 °C higher mean Antarctic near-surface temperature than in CMIP5 at the end of the 21st century enabling estimations of future SMB in warmer climates. Here, we investigate the AIS sensitivity to different warmings with an ensemble of four simulations performed with the polar regional climate model MAR forced by two CMIP5 and two CMIP6 models over 1981–2100. Statistical extrapolation allows us to expand our results to the whole CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles. Our results highlight a contrasting effect on the future grounded ice sheet and the ice shelves. The SMB over grounded ice is projected to increase as a response to stronger snowfall, only partly offset by enhanced meltwater runoff. This leads to a cumulated sea-level rise mitigation (i.e. an increase in surface mass) of the grounded Antarctic surface by 5.1 ± 1.9 cm sea-level equivalent (SLE) in CMIP5-RCP8.5 and 6.3 ± 2.0 cm SLE in CMIP6-ssp585. Additionally, the CMIP6 low-emission ssp126 and intermediate-emission ssp245 scenarios project a stabilised surface mass gain resulting in a lower mitigation to sea-level rise than in ssp585. Over the ice shelves, the strong runoff increase associated with higher temperature is projected to lower the SMB with a stronger decrease in CMIP6-ssp585 compared to CMIP5-RCP8.5. Ice shelves are however predict to have a close-to-present-equilibrium stable SMB under CMIP6 ssp126 and ssp245 scenarios. Future uncertainties are mainly due to the sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing and the timing of the projected warming. While ice shelves should remain at a close-to-equilibrium stable SMB under the Paris Agreements, MAR projects strong SMB decrease for an Antarctic near-surface warming above +2.5 °C limiting the warming range before potential irreversible damages on the ice-shelves. Finally, our results reveal the existence of a potential threshold (+7.5 °C) that leads to a lower grounded SMB increase. This however has to be confirmed in following studies using more extreme or longer future scenarios.
Factorial Validation of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale using Pre-Service Teachers: Implications for Teacher Education Curriculum
Authors: Ene Catherine U. , Ugwuanyi Christian S. , Okeke Chinedu I.O. , Nworgu Boniface G. , Okeke Agnes O. , Agah John J. , Oguguo Basil C. , Ikeh Francis E. , Eze Kenneth O. , Ugwu Felicia C. , Agugoesi Oluchi Janehilda , Nnadi Ekwutosi M. , Eze Uche N. , Ngwoke Dominic U. , Ekwueme Uchechukwu H.
Published: October 2020

Teachers’ beliefs in their ability to effectively handle the tasks that are related to their professional activity are an issue of concern for pre-service teachers. Many of them have low self-efficacy which can affect their output in future, and this can influence important academic outcomes on learners. The main purpose of this study was to factorially validate teachers’ self-efficacy scale (TSES) using pre-service teachers in public colleges of Education in Enugu State. A sample of 218 year three students in the schools of sciences and social sciences was drawn from a population of 2,127 students of public colleges of Education in Enugu State. Simple random sampling technique was used to draw two schools from the five schools in each of the colleges. Accidental sampling was used to draw the participants. The study adapted the teacher self-efficacy scale developed by Ma, Trevethan and Lu (2019). The instrument was construct validated using factor analysis while the internal consistency and stability reliability indices were estimated using Cronbach alpha method and Pearson correlation. The exploratory and confirmatory factors analyses were done using principal component matrix with Varimax rotation, while data model fit was tested using root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and confirmatory factor index (CFI). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) software were used to conduct the statistical analysis. The results showed that the scale was found to be valid and reliable and as well demonstrated a good model fit (RMSEA = .043, CFI = .943). The study has implication for teacher education training institutions in that the scale can be used as an effective instrument for determining the teaching self-efficacy of the pre-service teachers. Thus, it was recommended that various higher institutions for teacher education should make effective use of TSES in ascertaining the teaching self-efficacy of the pre-service teachers, especially during teaching practice exercises.
Pesticide residues in Junca Onion (Allium fistulosum) cultivated in Risaralda, Colombia
Authors: Arrubla Velez Juan Pablo , Villa Pulgarín Nathaly , Grisales Betancur Eddi Arsail , Grisales Bedoya Jose Manuel , Gómez Benitez Melissa Andrea , Guerrero Álvarez Gloria Edith , Paredes Cuervo Diego
Published: October 2020

By 2050, the world population will reach 9.2 billion, increasing the food demand by twice. Lowering loss due to pests is still challenging, where pesticides play an important role, but its indiscriminate use causes inadequate residual amounts to be present in foods. This study aims to monitor the organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residuality in Allium fistulosum cultivated in Risaralda, Colombia using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This method presented a highly sensitive (LOD: 0.11-7.15 µg kg-1), acceptable precision (RSD: 0.83-1.35%) and recoveries percentages between 46.32% - 118.67%. A greater presence of organochlorine pesticides banned or severely restricted by the Rotterdam agreement, such as 4,4'-DDT, was reported in samples of Allium fistulosum, with concentrations up to 221.22 ?g kg-1, while endrin with a concentration of 469.23 ?g kg-1 and its degradation products which exceed the maximum residue limite (MRL) for plant samples, reported by the Codex Alimentarius. According to this MRL, it was found that 73.1% of the samples have residual exceeding the allowed limit of organochlorine pesticides by more than forty times, posing a risk to human health and the ecosystem. Continuous monitoring and strict governmental control are required to reduce the exposure of humans and other living beings.
Morphophysiology of yellow passion fruit seedlings under application of nitrogen and potassium and irrigation with high-salinity water
Authors: Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Fátima Reynaldo Teodoro de , Ferreira Jean Telvio Andrade , Pereira Micaela Benigna , Lopes Maria de Fátima de Queiroz , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Albuquerque Manoel Bandeira de
Published: October 2020

Salinity is one of the most problematic abiotic stresses in agriculture globally, especially in semi-arid regions. Thus, the application of nutrients, such as nitrogen and potassium to improve plant nutritional conditions may be a viable alternative to minimize the negative effects of saline stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological behavior of yellow passion fruit seedlings under varying nitrogen and potassium doses and irrigation with salt water. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 5 x 5 incomplete factorial scheme, generated from the Central Composite Design with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.5, 0.98, 2.15, 3.32, and 3. 80 dS m-1) and five increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium (0.0, 29.08, 100.0, 170.92, and 200.0%). Leaf, stem, and root dry phytomass and gas exchange were evaluated 75 days after sowing. The increase in salinity had negative effects on the morphological and physiological characteristics of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The application of nitrogen and potassium positively influenced photosynthetic rate and leaf and root dry phytomasses. The application of nitrogen and potassium increased intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration in yellow passion fruit seedlings under saline stress.
Tolerance of seedlings traditional varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to salt stress
Authors: Praxedes Saulo Samuel Carneiro , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Loiola Aline Torquato , Reges Layla Bruna Lopes , Jales Gleydson Dantas , Melo Alberto Soares de
Published: October 2020

Cowpea is an important source of protein, being the main subsistence crop in the northeast region of Brazil, where water restriction and salinity are limiting factors. Identification of saline stress tolerant varieties can aid crop expansion and improve crop yields. The objective was to study the tolerance of traditional varieties of cowpea to the salinity of irrigation water in the emergency and initial growth phase. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 23 x 2 factorial scheme, composed of 23 cowpea varieties (Canapu Vermelho, Boquinha, Pingo de Ouro, Sempre Verde, Ceará, Baeta, Manteiga, Roxão, Costela de Vaca, Feijão Branco, Coruja, Rabo de Peba Branco, Sopinha, Canapu Branco, Lisão, Canapu Miúdo, Sempre Verde Ligeiro, Vagem Roxa, Ovo de Peru, Rabo de Peba Miúdo, Feijão Azul, Canário, and Paulistinha) and two levels of salinity of irrigation water (S1 = 0.5 and S2 = 5.5 dS m-1), with four repetitions of 50 seeds. The seedlings were evaluated for emergence, vigor, salinity tolerance index, and dissimilarity. Increased salinity of irrigation water reduced emergence, vigor and dry matter accumulation of cowpea varieties. The cowpea varieties ‘Lisão’, ‘Costela de Vaca’, ‘Canário’, ‘Feijão Branco’, ‘Ceará’, and ‘Boquinha’ are the most tolerant to salinity, while the varieties ‘Sempre Verde’ and ‘Manteiga’ are the most sensitive to salinity in the emergency and initial growth phase.
Allelopathic Potential of Hesperozygis ringens Extracts on Seed Germination of Soybeans and Beggarticks
Authors: Lima Charleston dos Santos , Lima Maria de Fatima Ribeiro Chicatte , Birck Thalía Preussler , Stefanello Raquel
Published: October 2020

Hesperozygis ringens L., popularly known as espanta-pulga, is a native shrub found in rocky fields in Rio Grande do Sul. Its leaves produce a lot of essential oil, which contains pulegone as a main component that may be allelopathic. The objectives of this study were to analyze the allelopathic effects of H. ringens leaf extracts on the germination and initial development of soybean seeds and to evaluate the herbicidal potential of these extracts on beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). The seeds were placed on paper embedded in an aqueous extract of H. ringens leaves at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and maintained in a germination chamber at 25 °C and a photoperiod of 12 h. The tests included the following: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, and length and dry mass of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. Based on the results, the aqueous extracts of Hesperozygis ringens leaves had a detrimental effect on the germination and seedling growth of the soybeans and beggarticks, evidencing their allelopathic action.
Effect of Irrigation Dose Based on Vegetation Indices Calculation Using Multispectral Sensor
Authors: Papanikolaou C. D. , Sakellariou-Makrantonaki M. A.
Published: October 2020

The agricultural sector is vital for the Greek economy, the Greek producers and consumers. The new era in agriculture leads scientists to find new more effective ways to estimate plant growth and biomass production and to increase water use efficiency. Given the above, a research project was organized at the Laboratory of Agricultural Hydraulics, University of Thessaly. For the first time in the climatic conditions of Central Greece, the project aims to assess another method to estimate the growth and biomass production of corn, based on multispectral photos and vegetation indices using a low cost multispectral camera and drone. Three surface drip irrigation treatments in three replications were organized and a randomized complete block design was used. The crop water needs were calculated according to the daily evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith procedure as it was presented by the Food Agricultural Organisation. The amount of water in each treatment was equal to A) 100% of the daily evapotranspiration (ETo), B) 75% of the ETo, and C) 50% of the ETo. Vegetation indices were calculated based on multispectral photos taken from a drone and the Simple and Multiple Regression analysis were used to estimate the maize growth and biomass production in Greek conditions. Different equations were formed to estimate the maize growth and biomass production and vegetation indices were used as independent variables. The results showed that vegetation indices can be used in the agriculture process to estimate maize growth and biomass production. In this paper the results of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019 are presented.
Genotypic Selection for Soybean Earliness
Authors: Ribeiro Flaviane O. , Bruzi Adriano T. , Bianchi Mariane C. , Soares Igor O. , Silva Karina B.
Published: October 2020

Obtaining early-maturing soybean cultivars with high yield performance has long been the focus of breeding programs. Obtaining the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters can assist breeders at selecting the superior genotypes. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of progenies throughout the recurrent selection for early maturity in soybeans and to select progenies with superior agronomic traits. S0:1 progenies were evaluated in one site during the 2015/2016 harvest using a 12 × 12 lattice design, with one 2-meter row plot with two replicates. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 harvest using an 8 × 8 lattice design, with one 3-meter row plot with three replicates. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated during the 2017/2018 harvest using a 5 × 5 lattice design, with two 3-meter rows plots with three replicates. Both S0:2 and S0:3 progenies were evaluated in three different sites. The days to flowering, full maturity, first pod insertion height, plant height, lodging index and grain yield traits was evaluated. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain with selection, realized heritability, correlated response and the frequency distributions of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the variance components have evidenced variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. All the evaluated progenies showed good agronomic performance, combining early maturity and productive performance. When early-maturing progenies were selected, there was a reduction in days to flowering, plant height, first pod insertion height, lodging and yield.
Role of Variety and Fertilizer Practices on Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) Yield and Field Incidence of the Parasitic Weed Alectra vogelii (Benth) in Central Malawi
Authors: Kabambe Vernon H. , Bokosi James M.
Published: October 2020

Grain legumes are an important component of the food systems in Malawi. The parasitic legume witchweed species Alectra vogelii (Benth) is among the problem pests with serious infestations in groundnuts (Arachis hypogea), soybeans (Glycine max), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and other legumes. A study was conducted in 2013/14 and ‘14/15 seasons to evaluate the effects of three cowpea varieties (IT82E-16, Sudan 1 and Alectra-resistant Mkanakaufi) and fertilizer practices (no fertilizer applied, 5 t ha-1 cattle manure and 100 kg ha-1 of inorganic 23:21:0+4S on cowpea grain yield, yield components and Alectra emergence at three sites in central Malawi. Cowpea grain yields ranged 400-2400 kg ha-1. There were significant (P < 0.05) variety effects on yield in 4 of 6 site-years, with variety IT82-16 consistently giving the highest yields (range 1200-2400 kg ha-1). There were significant variety effects on A. vogelii emergence with Mkanakaufiti having no Alectra throughout. Application of cattle manure strongly suppressed A. vogelii in 6 site-years all at 60 days after planting, while inorganic fertilizer suppressed Alectra in 3 of the 6 site-years. Cattle significantly but marginally (about 250 kg ha-1) increased yield in 2 of the 6 site-years. The results show potential to suppress A. vogelii with cattle manure application. However, further studies are required to understand the causes of the limited yield response under manure or fertilizer application to make the practices attractive to farmers. More variety improvement studies to produce a range of varieties with better local adaptability and response to fertility amendments are recommended.
Genotype Effect on Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Safflower as a Green Leafy Vegetable
Authors: Moatshe Onkgolotse G. , Emongor Vallantino E. , Mashiqa Patrick K.
Published: October 2020

Two field trials were carried out at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Content Farm (59o24′S, 95o25′E and 993 m above sea level) in Southern Region of Botswana, to evaluate the effects of genotypes on proximate and mineral composition of safflower leaves. Five safflower genotypes (Kiama composite (local), Sina-PI-537598, Gila-PI-537692, PI-537636 and PI-527710) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. During the rosette stage safflower leaves (both petiole and blade) were harvested, dried, and ground for analysis. The results showed that safflower genotypes significantly varied in the leaf proximate content of crude protein (24-28%), crude fibre (8-14%), moisture content (86-87%) and dry matter content (13-14%) in both winter and summer growing seasons. The genotype ‘Sina’ had the highest crude fibre content compared to other genotypes. The average leaf mineral content significantly (p < 0.05) varied from 2-3 mg g-1 phosphorus, 3-4 mg g-1 calcium, 5-6 mg g-1 sodium, 15-17 mg g-1 magnesium and 15-18 mg g-1 potassium. The Na:K and Ca:P ratios ranged between 0.18 and 3.41. All the safflower genotypes evaluated had sufficient nutritional content to be used as a green leafy vegetable for human consumption and food security.
Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange in Rainfed Cultivation Under Tropical Savannah Climate
Authors: Costa Danilo Pereira , Stuchi Eduardo Sanches , Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Gesteira Abelmon da Silva , Filho Maurício Antonio Coelho , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Fadel André Luiz , Silva André Luiz Vanucci da , Leão Helton Carlos de , Ramos Yuri Caires , Passos Orlando Sampaio , Filho Walter dos Santos Soares
Published: October 2020

The performance of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 41 hybrid citrus rootstocks was evaluated for 11 years in rainfed cultivation under tropical savannah climate (Aw type) in Brazil, in addition to three selections of the standard drought-tolerant Rangpur lime and two selections of Sunki mandarin. Drought tolerance, assessed by visual score of leaf wilting, was directly related to the mean fruit yield. Indio and Riverside citrandarins, Tropical Sunki mandarin and the hybrid TSKC × CTSW-028 were grouped with the most productive selections of Rangpur lime, all of them inducing large tree size, intermediate fruit production efficiency, and high drought tolerance. The hybrid TSK × TR English-CO was similar except by inducing a higher mean soluble solids concentration in the orange juice. A third group of rootstocks induced high yield and drought tolerance, and a mean 30% reduction in tree size that led to high production efficiency, which comprised the hybrids HTR-053, TSKC × (LCR × TR)-017 and-059, TSKC × CTSW-041, LCR × TR-001 and San Diego citrandarin. The tree mortality on Rangpur lime selections was as least as 46%, while more than 80% of trees grafted onto the aforementioned rootstocks survived without visual symptoms of citrus sudden death disease or graft incompatibility. The selected hybrids and Tropical Sunki mandarin also induced fruit quality, mainly soluble solids, superior to the Rangpur lime and, therefore, are potential rootstocks for rainfed cultivation of Valencia sweet orange.
In(ternet)filtratie: een roep om meer waarborgen?
Authors: van Overveld S.B.H. , Smits I.C. , Taylor Parkins-Ozephius C.M.
Published: October 2020

In(ternet)filtratie: een roep om meer waarborgen?

Door middel van een grootschalige digitale infiltratieoperatie werd de dark market ‘Hansa’ in 2017 door de Nederlandse politie en het Openbaar Ministerie opgerold. De politie maakte gebruik van de bevoegdheid die haar op grond van artikel 126h Sv toekomt: de ‘klassieke’ infiltratiebevoegdheid. Kan deze infiltratiebevoegdheid zonder meer worden aangewend in een digitale context, of klinkt in dat geval een roep om meer waarborgen?
Een observatie van de verplichtingen van handelaren in tweedehands goederen
Authors: van der Pijll J.C.
Published: October 2020

Een observatie van de verplichtingen van handelaren in tweedehands goederen – Noot bij ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2020:4137, 4138 en 4139

Augustus jl. heeft de rechtbank vonnis gewezen in de strafzaak tegen een pandjeshuis en de twee feitelijk leidinggevenden van dat pandjeshuis. In de noot bij deze vonnissen wordt ingegaan op de bewijs- en vrijspraakconstructie die de rechtbank heeft gebruikt voor de twee ten laste gelegde feiten. In het bijzonder komt artikel 437 Sr ter sprake en de strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid die daaruit voortvloeit voor de handelaar in de zin van dat wetsartikel.
De doorwerking van de strafrechtelijke onschuldpresumptie in de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure
Authors: Buisman S.S.
Published: October 2020

De doorwerking van de strafrechtelijke onschuldpresumptie in de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure – Noot bij EHRM 28 mei 2020, appl.nr. 29620/07 (Farzaliyev t. Azerbeidzjan)

In deze annotatie staat de wederzijdse relatie tussen het strafrecht en het privaatrecht centraal. In het bijzonder gaat het om de vraag in hoeverre strafrechtelijke waarborgen, zoals de onschuldpresumptie, kunnen doorwerken in niet-strafrechtelijke procedures, zoals de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure.
Um Modelo para Inter-relação entre Funções Executivas e Elementos de Jogos Digitais
Authors: Krause Katiane Kazuza Gneipel , Hounsell Marcelo da Silva , Gasparini Isabela
Published: October 2020

As funções executivas (FE) são um conjunto de habilidades cognitivas de alto nível, formadas pelo controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva. Elas permitem que a pessoa desenvolva autodisciplina, controle e gerencie a atenção e o comportamento durante ações dirigidas a objetivos, por exemplo, durante a resolução de problemas cognitivos e dos desafios presentes em jogos digitais (JD). Estes são delineados pelas mecânicas e estratégias de modelagem da dificuldade (level design). A partir dos resultados de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e um workshop, ambos sobre FE e JD, foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre mecânicas de JD e FE e estratégias de level design e FE. Este artigo não somente identifica todos os tipos de mecânica e level design intimamente relacionados com as FE, mas também apresenta uma inter-relação com os três componentes de FE, denominado de Modelo de Interação Cognitiva Jogo-Jogador (IcJJ). O IcJJ envolve a interação do jogador com o JD, mostrando atributos cognitivos de alto nível, através da relação entre 12 mecânicas de JD, 8 estratégias de level design e três componentes de FE. O modelo IcJJ pode servir de suporte para exploração e identificação do potencial cognitivo dos JD, especialmente daqueles aplicados no contexto educacional ou como referencial para o desenvolvimento de JD sérios, focados em FE.
Modelagem de uma Ontologia de Domínio com Foco em Competências para Sistemas de Recomendação na Educação
Authors: Simon Augusto , Behar Patricia Alejandra , Torrezzan Cristina Alba Wildt , Slodkowski Bruna Kin , Cazella Sílvio César , Schneider Daisy
Published: October 2020

Este artigo relata o resultado de um estudo que integra os Sistemas de Recomendação (SRs) - os quais têm tido seu uso ampliado diante da quantidade de conteúdos disponibilizados na web; as ontologias - visto sua contribuição no apoio a aprendizagem de conceitos de um domínio; e as competências no campo da Educação - as quais também assumem importância como perspectiva formativa. A motivação deste trabalho justifica-se nos embaraços normalmente encontrados, por professores e alunos, durante a utilização de Sistemas de Recomendação educacional baseados em competências. Esses usuários, por vezes, possuem dificuldades em entender o conceito de competências e a sua conexão com atividades de ensino e recursos educacionais do Sistema de Recomendação. O objetivo, portanto, é apresentar a modelagem, implementação e verificação de uma ontologia de domínio, com foco em competências, voltada a Sistemas de Recomendação Educacional (SREs). Como método, são descritas as etapas de modelagem, a implementação com o software Protégé e a linguagem owl e o seu processo de verificação. O software permitiu a sua avaliação quanto a definição adequada dos axiomas da ontologia e a utilização de requisições em seu sistema de inferência. A metodologia adotada e modificada, a 101, e a estrutura da ontologia modelada foram discutidas com alunos de uma disciplina de pós-graduação em informática na educação. Como resultado, verificou-se a pertinência da utilização da ontologia proposta em Sistemas de Recomendação educacional. Desse modo, pretende-se disponibilizá-la à comunidade acadêmica e apoiar professores e alunos no uso de SRE baseados em competências.
Implementation of State Economic Policy under Corporatocracy: Financial and Credit Aspect
Authors: Kovalenko Mykola , Ziuz Dmytro , Smihunova Olena , Bondar Natalia , Omelchenko Halina
Published: October 2020

The article brings focus to the subject of ensuring the financial capacity of Ukraine as an important prerequisite for further transformations of the national economy. The modern problems of making state economic policy in the conditions of corporatocracy are covered. The disadvantages of implementing the state economic policy under the influence of corporatocracy, as a new type of government which expresses the interests of transnational corporations, are considered. Indicators are determined to assess the spread of corporatocracy in Ukraine, when assessing the system of indicators of economic relations between residents and non-residents in the study of the interdependence of the monetary base and international reserves. The implications of currency board for the financial capacity of the state are analyzed. Proposals for improvement of the domestic financial and credit system have been elaborated. The study used the following methodological tools: historical, logical, analysis, tabular, graphical, and comparative methods; abstraction and concretization; generalization.
Public policies of electronic governance and corruption in Mexico
Authors: Martinez Martin Cutberto Vera , Martínez Rodríguez María Concepción
Published: October 2020

This article argues that although the electronic governance has been institutionalized as a public policy that promotes access to information, transparency, and control of public institutions by citizens, that does not necessarily imply that such progress has generated a positive impact in the reduction of corruption and that, consequently, other complementary actions are necessary for the execution of the electronic government public policies.
The Menstrual Disturbances in Endocrine Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Rostami Dovom Marzieh , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: October 2020

Context: Menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. This study aimed to summarize the menstrual disturbances in different endocrine disorders. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, relevant studies (up to December 2019) were searched based on the MeSH keywords diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding, and menstruation. Databases used for searching articles included Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science for observational, experimental, and review studies. Results: Endocrine disorders trigger the onset of menstrual disturbance across the reproductive lifespan of women. Endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and ovaries) have a functional role in endocrine regulation of the menstrual cycle. According to available evidence, oligomenorrhea (cycles longer than 35 days) is the most common menstrual disturbance among endocrine disorders (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, and diabetes). Complex endocrine pathways play an essential role in a women’s menstrual calendar. Conclusions: The menstrual cycle length and amount of bleeding can be indicative of endocrine disorders. Further studies are needed to identify the unknowns about the association between endocrine disorders and the menstrual cycle.
La philosophie de Platon
Authors: Reinach Adolf , Djian Aurelien ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

In these 1910 summer semester lectures, Adolf Reinach uses the concept of arché as a guiding thread to sketch out a history of Platonic philosophy and to trace it back to the Presocratics. More precisely, by means of this philosophical attempt to offer a historical account, Reinach intends to flesh out what he thinks is the main contribution of Plato to philosophy, and which, at the same time, turns out to be the roots of his own philosophy, namely: to consider ideal objects as the arché of philosophy; to use the phenomenological method; and, last but not least, to devote his research to the study of the things themselves, rather than (like Socrates) to the elucidation of the main subjective opinions of his time. Thus, this is Reinach’s Plato that we finally see emerging from a reading of his lectures—a Plato who, in spite of being “non-historical,” “non-true,” appears as the figure who nonetheless motivated him to follow his own philosophical path.
L’entrelacs des traditions
Authors: Mariani Emanuele ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

Just hearing the names of Brentano and Plato put together is enough to highlight the queerness of a matching which finds almost no evidence in critical literature. The study of the texts in which Brentano explicitly deals with Plato, in particular in his lectures on the history of Greek philosophy, does not change much of the negative impression that emerges from a general overview: the place of Plato in the history of philosophy depends, for Brentano, on Aristotle or, better, on the accomplishment of Greek philosophy occurs in Aristotle’s work. We shall turn our attention towards the of certain relevant problems in order to open up, if possible, a less negative prospect for the relationship of Brentano to Plato: not so much directly by examining Platonic philosophy from a Brentanian point of view as by considering the concrete solution that Brentano provides to some Aristotelian questions. To put it differently, we shall take into account not so much what Brentano says of Plato, as what Brentano does with Aristotle, by tracking the Platonizing traces that can be found in the Brentanian commentary to Aristotle’s categories, the philosophical consequences of which seem to be reflected in Brentano’s overall philosophical project.
Phenomenology and the Problem of Universals
Authors: Koch William H. ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

This paper argues that the Problem of Universals as derived from Plato, i.e. the question of how abstract universal knowledge is possible and what that knowledge is of, is at the center of Phenomenology. It will be shown how Husserl’s answer to this question, via phenomenological epoche and eidetic variation, orients him primarily within the field of modern philosophy and is open to the standard criticisms of universal knowledge and abstraction offered by Hume and Berkeley. Heidegger, in more overtly recognizing the origin of the problem in Plato and orienting phenomenology directly in relation to the Platonic answer to that problem, is able to achieve a clarity about the modern prejudices of philosophy and so is able to reinvent phenomenology free from the distortions of an unquestioned metaphysics of presence and assumption of the necessity of structure grounded in an unrecognized substance ontology.
Heidegger’s Reading(s) of the Phaedrus
Authors: Davies Katherine ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

In the 1920s and 30s, Heidegger developed three explicit readings of Plato’s Phaedrus. These readings emphasize different dimensions of Plato’s dialogue and, at times, seem even to contradict one another. Though Heidegger pursues quite different interpretations of the dialogue, he remains steadfast in praising this Platonic dialogue above all others. I argue that these explicit readings provide fertile ground for reconsidering Heidegger’s engagement with Plato and not just with Platonism. I further develop an argument that a fourth, implicit reading of Phaedrus can be found in Heidegger’s own dialogical text from the late 1940s, “das abendländische Gespräch”. I suggest that it is in this conversational text, where Plato’s name is never once mentioned, that Heidegger manages his most authentic engagement with the Platonic dialogue and with Plato himself.
Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Immunohistochemistry on Cell Blocks From Breast Cancer Patients in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Kimambo Asteria H. , Vuhahula Edda A. , Mwakigonja Amos R. , Ljung Britt-Marie , Zhang Li , Van Loon Katherine , Ng Dianna L.
Published: October 2020

Context.—

Breast cancer biomarker assessment is critical in determining treatment and prognosis. In Tanzania, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is limited to surgical specimens and core biopsies. However, performing IHC on fine-needle aspiration biopsy cell blocks would offer numerous advantages.

Objective.—

To compare the performance between estrogen receptor (ER) IHC performed at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Tanzania and ER IHC performed at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), to demonstrate feasibility of performing IHC using cell blocks in Tanzania.

Design.—

Patients with breast masses were recruited prospectively from the fine-needle aspiration biopsy clinic at MNH. Estrogen receptor IHC results on cell blocks, performed at both MNH and UCSF, and corresponding tissue blocks, performed at MNH, were compared to determine concordance.

Results.—

Eighty-six cell blocks were evaluated by ER IHC at MNH, with 41 of 86 (47.7%) positive and 45 of 86 (52.3%) negative. Among 65 UCSF and MNH cell block pairs, overall ER IHC concordance was 93.8% (61 of 65) and positive concordance was 93.5% (29 of 31) (κ = 0.88, P > .99). Among 43 paired UCSF cell blocks and MNH tissue blocks, overall ER IHC concordance was 88.3% (38 of 43) and positive concordance was 90.5% (19 of 21) (κ = 0.77, P > .99). We compared 62 MNH cell block and tissue block pairs. Overall ER IHC concordance was 90.3% and positive concordance was 87.9% (κ = 0.81, P = .69).

Conclusions.—

Pairwise comparisons between ER IHC at MNH, on cell blocks and tissue blocks, with ER IHC at UCSF on cell blocks showed excellent concordance. We demonstrate that ER IHC on fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens can be implemented in resource-constrained settings.
A PLATAFORMA PB-CORPUS HISTÓRICO E UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DA ORDEM DE PRONOMES CLÍTICOS E SUJEITOS EM JORNAIS OITOCENTISTAS
Authors: Martins Marco Antonio Rocha
Published: October 2020

Apresento neste artigo a Plataforma PB-Corpus Histórico cujo objetivo é disponibilizar textos em português escritos no Brasil entre os séculos XVIII e XXI. E, usando dados extraídos da Plataforma, no quadro teórico da sintaxe diacrônica, analiso a evolução da próclise em ambiente neutro e da ordem do sujeito em textos brasileiros oitocentistas. A hipótese é de que a próclise gerada pela gramática do Português Brasileiro aparece nos textos escritos a partir da segunda metade do século XIX e que nos textos da primeira metade desse século as próclises são geradas por uma gramatica do tipo-V2 como o Português Clássico.
Social representations of risk in Cameroon: Influence of sociopolitical and cultural context
Authors: Etoundi Jean Claude , Kay Nicole , Gaymard Sandrine
Published: October 2020

The threat of sociopolitical instability is a perennial subject of political debate in Cameroon, even though the country’s stability has never really been challenged since independence. Given this omnipresent discussion on the need to preserve social cohesion, the aim of the present study was to analyze social representations of risk. Two studies were carried out among two samples (N1 = 31 and N2 = 156) of Cameroonians with higher education diplomas. Data collected by means of free association and characterization questionnaires were subjected to hierarchical, similarity and Q-sort analyses. These revealed that governance failures are regarded as factors that might undermine social cohesion. Comparative analysis of the risk representations of the country’s different ethnic groups revealed several differences. Previous research had emphasized the importance of proximity to the object in the construction of a social representation, and this was also evident in the present study, as social representations of risk for both the whole sample and the different ethnic groups were structured around specific threats or ills that undermine Cameroonian society.