bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet selection and asocial learning: Natal habitat influence on lifelong foraging strategies in solitary large mammals
Authors: Jimbo Mina , Ishinazaka Tsuyoshi , Shirane Yuri , Umemura Yoshihiro , Yamanaka Masami , Uno Hiroyuki , Sashika Mariko , Tsubota Toshio , Shimozuru Michito
Published: July 2022

Exploring the process of diet selection will contribute to improvement in our understanding of animal foraging strategies. The overwhelming majority of ecological research on animal learning and foraging concentrates on how social learning influences the feeding styles of animals living in groups. In solitary animals that live long after independence from their mothers, foraging experience after independence is expected to have a significant influence on diet selection, but few studies have addressed this point. We used brown bears (Ursus arctos), which spend 1–2 years with their mothers before foraging alone, as a model species and investigated how their diet changed later in life. We estimated the diets of bears at the individual level by using stable isotope analysis of guard hairs and examined the factors that drove dietary variation. We also quantified the extent to which the diets of bears shifted by comparing the diets of bears at the time of capture with the average diet in their natal habitat. Our results indicated that females retained the average diet of their natal habitat, whereas the diets of males significantly changed more than 6 years after becoming independent from their mothers, when they reached physical maturity. Males were dependent on energy‐rich marine animals at older ages regardless of their natal habitats, which we attribute to several factors, including habitat exploration, acquisition of foraging experience, and social dominance. Our results provide the first evidence, suggesting that foraging experience after independence influences diet selection later in life in solitary large mammals.
Removing flowers of a generalist plant changes pollinator visitation, composition, and interaction network structure
Authors: Bain Justin A. , Dickson Rachel G. , Gruver Andrea M. , CaraDonna Paul J.
Published: July 2022

Pollination is essential for ecosystem functioning, yet our understanding of the empirical consequences of species loss for plant–pollinator interactions remains limited. It is hypothesized that the loss of abundant and generalized (well‐connected) species from a pollination network will have a large effect on the remaining species and their interactions. However, to date, relatively few studies have experimentally removed species from their natural setting to address this hypothesis. We investigated the consequences of losing an abundant, generalist native species from a series of plant–pollinator networks by experimentally removing the flowers of Helianthella quinquenervis (Asteraceae) from half of a series of 10 paired plots (15 m diameter) within a subalpine ecosystem. We then asked how the localized loss of this species influenced patterns of pollinator visitation, floral visitor composition, and interaction network structure. The experimental removal of Helianthella flowers led to an overall decline in plot‐level pollinator visitation rates and shifts in pollinator composition. Species‐level responses to floral removal differed between the two other abundant, co‐flowering plants in our experiment: Potentilla pulcherrima received higher visitation rates, whereas Erigeron speciosus visitation rates did not change. Experimental floral removal altered the structural properties of the localized plant–pollinator networks such that they were more specialized, less nested, and less robust to further species loss. Such changes to interaction network structure were consistently driven more by species turnover than by interaction rewiring. Our findings suggest that the local loss of an abundant, well‐linked, generalist plant can bring about diverse responses within intact pollination networks, including potential competitive and facilitative effects for individual species, changes to network structure that may render them more sensitive to future change, but also numerous changes to interactions that may also suggest flexibility in response to species loss.
Sensitivity of ventricular systolic function to afterload during veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Ng Pauline Yeung , Ma Tammy Sin Kwan , Ip April , Lee Man Kei , Ng Andrew Kei‐Yan , Ngai Chun Wai , Chan Wai Ming , Siu Chung Wah , Sin Wai Ching
Published: July 2022

Aims

Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) increases afterload to the injured heart and may hinder myocardial recovery. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of left ventricular (LV) systolic function to the afterload effects of peripheral V‐A ECMO during the acute and delayed stages of acute myocardial dysfunction.

Methods and results

A total of 46 adult patients who were supported by peripheral V‐A ECMO between April 2019 and June 2021 were analysed. Serial cardiac performance parameters were measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) on mean day 1 ± 1 of V‐A ECMO initiation (n = 45, ‘acute phase’) and mean day 4 ± 2 of V‐A ECMO initiation (n = 36, ‘delayed phase’). Measurements were obtained at 100%, 120%, and 50% of ECMO target blood flow (TBF). LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) significantly improved from −6.1 (−8.9 to −4.0)% during 120% TBF to −8.8 (−11.5 to −6.0)% during 50% TBF (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of LV GLS to changes in ECMO flow was significantly greater in the acute phase of myocardial injury compared with the delayed phase [median (IQR) percentage change: 72.7 (26.8–100.0)% vs. 22.5 (14.9–43.8)%, P < 0.001]. Findings from other echocardiographic parameters including LV ejection fraction [43.0 (29.1–56.8)% vs. 22.8 (9.2–42.2)%, P = 0.012] and LV outflow tract velocity‐time integral [45.8 (18.6–58.7)% vs. 24.2 (12.6–34.0)%, P = 0.001] were similar. A total of 24 (52.2%) patients were weaned off ECMO successfully.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that LV systolic function was significantly more sensitive to the afterload effects of V‐A ECMO during the acute stage of myocardial dysfunction compared with the delayed phase. Understanding the evolution of the heart–ECMO interaction over the course of acute myocardial dysfunction informs the clinical utility of echocardiographic assessment in patients on V‐A ECMO.
Migration Mechanism of the B−H Activation of Carboranes
Authors: Tang Wanyong , He Yuhan , Li Hui
Published: July 2022

Density functional theory was used to investigate the possible migration mechanism of the B−H activation on carboranes. The effects of inducing groups, mediating atoms and ligands were clarified, and the specific reaction process and driving force of transition metal migration in carboranes were explored. The study of thermodynamics, dynamics, wave function analysis and bond order showed that hydrogen atoms and ligands had remarkable effects on metal migration in carboranes. Results indicated that the transition metal complexes can migrate between B/B or C/B mediated by H‐atom, which contributes to the regioselective B−H activation of carboranes.
Intermediates in Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of Fumaryl Halides
Authors: Bayer Marie C. , Greither Nikolaus , Jessen Christoph , Nitzer Alexander , Kornath Andreas J.
Published: July 2022

Fumaryl chloride and fluoride were reacted with different Lewis acids to synthesize the intermediates of the Friedel‐Crafts acylation. The salt of the monoacyl cation [C4H2FO2]+[Sb3F16]− was obtained from the reaction of fumaryl fluoride with SbF5 in SO2ClF solutions. The reaction was repeated using fumaryl chloride as starting material, which reacted under halogen exchange to obtain the salt of the monoacyl cation [C4H2FO2]+[SbCl2F4]−. In addition, the reaction of fumaryl chloride with SbCl5 in SO2ClF was studied. The covalent donor‐acceptor complex C4H2Cl2O2 ⋅ 2 SbCl5 was formed, containing oxygen‐bonded Lewis acids. The compounds were characterized by low‐temperature vibrational spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses were conducted for [C4H2FO2]+[Sb3F16]− as well as for C4H2Cl2O2 ⋅ 2 SbCl5. In the solid state of [C4H2FO2]+[Sb3F16]− C⋅⋅⋅O and C⋅⋅⋅F contacts are observed and the origin of these interactions is discussed by means of ESP maps and NBO analysis. The monoacyl cation is stabilized by electrostatic attraction and electron back‐donation from oxygen and fluorine ligands to the positive ring‐structured π‐hole at the oxocarbenium center. Besides, the formation of the diacyl cation is not observed, which is based on small distances between the positive charges involving charge‐charge repulsion. The great advantage of using fumaryl halides in Friedel‐Crafts acylation is featured by the possibility to synthesize ketones keeping an acyl fluoride moiety.
Realities of future international student mobility
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: July 2022

In 2020, 222 million students were enrolled in colleges and universities worldwide, more than doubling the 100 million who were enrolled in 2000. Of that number, 5 million students enrolled in higher education institutions outside their home countries, generating nearly $5 billion annually.
Target your marketing practices to be in line with your community, showcase your alumni
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2022

SAN DIEGO — Garth Headley understands the value of marketing to adult learners: he was one himself. “I am exactly who I market to,” Headley said, in a session on marketing online programs to adult learners at the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning annual meeting.
A novel high gain dual band ear bud shaped patch antenna for under water communications
Authors: Pramod Kumar Aylapogu , Kiran Kumar Gurrala
Published: July 2022

This article elucidates a high gain dual band ear bud shaped patch antenna with mm wave technology. The pivotal characteristic of this design is to provide higher gain and less interference at higher frequencies. It operates at a frequency of 40.59 and 52.002 GHz. The major advantage of this design is that it produces the circular polarization in entire band of frequency; moreover this antenna is useful for under water communication. The proposed design introduces two splits, imprinted at the walls of patch to get a wide band. For an optimal design, a future antenna parametric analysis was carried out. The proposed design is developed with the aid of HFSS software; we measured major parametersS11, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns in free space and underground environment. In the results, the predicted antenna radiation pattern is seen for E‐plane and H‐plane at various frequency bands. The gain 3D polar plots and current distribution plots are presented, including a comparison of previous work to the current work. We assure that the suggested design is applicable for under water communication.
Experimental and computational study on the glowing ignition of wood
Authors: Yang Jiuling , Hamins Anthony , Dubrulle Laura , Zammarano Mauro
Published: July 2022

Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) fires are a rapidly increasing hazard. Cellulosic materials play a key role in the spread of WUI fires. The physics controlling the glowing ignition of cellulosic materials is not well understood. In this work, an experimental and computational study of the glowing ignition of wood was performed. Eight wood specimens (Balsa, Red Cedar, Pine, Douglas Fir, Cypress, Redwood, Purpleheart, and Ipe) were tested under a cone calorimeter in the vertical configuration. Non‐uniform glowing propagation due to sample‐specific surface cracking was observed for all wood samples. The average temperature at the center of each sample was measured using an optical pyrometer. The inflection point in the pyrometer temperature‐versus‐time curve, which was identified by the maximum peak of the first temperature derivative, was used to identify the onset of glowing ignition. Additionally, a comprehensive model was applied to predict the glowing ignition. The comparisons between model predictions and experimental results showed that the surface temperature, the time to glowing ignition, and the glowing ignition temperature of medium‐density wood (ρ = 300–500 kg m−3) could be reasonably predicted. For lighter (e.g., Balsa, ρ = 150 kg m−3) and denser wood (e.g., Ipe ρ = 960 kg m−3), however, significant discrepancies were observed. Hence, further work is needed to understand the influence of wood density on the thermo‐physical and thermodynamic properties that can significantly affect glowing.
Sowing kernels for food safety: Importance of rapid on‐site detction of pesticide residues in agricultural foods
Authors: Umapathi Reddicherla , Rani Gokana Mohana , Kim Eunsu , Park So‐Young , Cho Youngjin , Huh Yun Suk
Published: July 2022

Sustainable cultivation and safe agricultural production are needed to ensure the safety of all living organisms and ecosystems. Most agricultural foods currently contain unacceptable levels of pesticide residues. In an attempt to ensure pest control and high crop yields, farmers spray a large number of pesticides in quantities that exceed the safety limits for agricultural crops. Pesticide residues are highly toxic to humans, causing severe and even deadly diseases. Traditional analytical strategies for laboratory pesticide detection are often limited because they are time‐consuming and require trained personnel, which makes them very costly. Hence, accurate, rapid, and on‐site analysis of pesticides is drawing increasing attention for food safety reasons. Therefore, on‐site or point‐of‐care (POC) detection of pesticide residues has become an approach of paramount importance. Recently, various portable detection technologies, such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, phosphorescence, microfluidic, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering techniques, have been designed for on‐site monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. These devices have demonstrated great power of detection in preclinical agricultural settings. This review highlights the emerging insights and novel advances in portable devices, POC technologies, and on‐site sensing approaches for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural foods. However, greater rigor in the design of portable pesticide‐detection devices is essential. The increasing demand for rapid detection of hazardous pesticide components has prompted a timely opportunity to summarize recent developments and progress in portable devices and on‐site sensing strategies to evaluate food safety.
Cryptocurrencies trading algorithms: A review
Authors: Ruiz Roque da Silva Isabela , Junior Eli Hadad , Balbi Pedro Paulo
Published: July 2022

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of cryptocurrency trading algorithms to identify existing gaps in the area. From our standpoint, this is the first study to carry out a deep analysis of price forecasts and portfolio management in cryptocurrencies in addition to analyzing the most relevant studies and authors, trend topics of the area, and identifying countries with the most published studies. During our research, we identified some gaps that can be used for further research. Currently, there are approximately 16,000 cryptocurrencies; however, in majority of the papers, the authors have only used the top 10 ranking market capitalization cryptocurrencies, leaving aside potential minor cryptocurrencies. Thus, trading strategies using Big Data can be a potential research topic, considering the greater number of emerging cryptocurrencies.
High‐frequency data and stock–bond investing
Authors: Lai Yu‐Sheng
Published: July 2022

Understanding the comovements between stock and bond returns is crucial in asset allocation. This paper employs a new class of multivariate covariance models with realized covariance measures for modeling the joint distribution of returns. Estimation results indicate that high‐frequency data not only enhance explanatory power but also sort out the features of heteroskedasticity with a short response time and short‐run momentum effects in describing the covariance dynamics. To confirm the efficiency of the models in covariance predictions, multiperiod volatility‐timing strategies are implemented to evaluate the benefits of incorporating the distinguishing features into the modeling. Out‐of‐sample forecasting results indicate that the models outperform conventional models in finding optimal portfolio shares and thus considerably reduce the conditional volatility in a portfolio. Consequently, investors with high risk aversions are willing to pay pronounced performance fees to obtain the economic value of volatility timing.
Investigation of rice performance characteristics: A comparative study of LR, ANN, and RSM
Authors: Mahfeli Mandana , Zarein Mohammad , Zomorodian Aliasghar , Khafajeh Hamid
Published: July 2022

Parboiling is a type of heat pretreatment used in rice processing to reach higher head rice yield and improve the nutrition properties of raw rice. In this research, the goals were prediction and determination of optimum conditions for parboiled rice processing using the response surface method (RSM) as well as modeling the output values by linear regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The parameters including steaming time (0, 5, 10, and 15 min), dryer type (solar and continuous dryers), and drying air temperature (35, 40, and 45°C) were employed as input values. In addition, the breakage resistance (BR) and head rice yield (HRY) were selected as output values. The ANN‐based nonlinear regression, the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP), and the radial basis function (RBF) have been developed to model the process parameters, as well as the central composite design (CCD) was conducted for optimization of BR and HRY values. The outputs of RBF network have been successfully applied to predict higher coefficient of determination of BR and HRY as 0.989 and 0.986, respectively, indicating the appropriateness of the model equation in predicting head rice yield and breakage resistance when the three processing variables (steaming time, dryer type, and drying air temperature) are mathematically combined. Also, the lower root mean square error (RMSE) was obtained for each one as 0.043 and 0.041. The optimum values of BR and HRY were obtained as 12.80 N and 67.3%, respectively, at 9.62 min and 36.9°C for a solar dryer with a desirability of 0.941. In addition, the same values were obtained as 14.50 N and 72.1%, respectively, at 8.77 min and 37.0°C for a continuous dryer with a desirability of 0.971.
Lateralized overgrowth with vascular malformation caused by a somaticPTPN11pathogenic variant: Another piece added to the puzzle of mosaicRASopathies
Authors: Mussa Alessandro , Turchiano Antonella , Cardaropoli Simona , Coppo Paola , Pantaleo Antonino , Bagnulo Rosanna , Ranieri Carlotta , Iacoviello Matteo , Garganese Antonella , Stella Alessandro , Vallero Stefano Gabriele , Bertin Daniele , Santoro Federica , Carli Diana , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Resta Nicoletta
Published: July 2022

Lateralized/segmental overgrowth disorders (LOs) encompass a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions with excessive body tissue growth. Documented molecular alterations in LOs mostly consist of somatic variants in genes of the PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathway or of chromosome band 11p15.5 imprinted region anomalies. In some cases, somatic pathogenic variants in genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway have been reported. We present the first case of a somatic pathogenic variant (T507K) inPTPN11causing a LO phenotype characterized by severe lateralized overgrowth, vascular proliferation, and cerebral astrocytoma. The T507K variant was detected in DNA from overgrown tissue in a leg with capillary malformation. The astrocytoma tissue showed a higherPTPN11variant allele frequency. A pathogenic variant inFGFR1was also found in tumor tissue, representing a second hit on the RAS/MAPK pathway. These findings indicate that RAS/MAPK cascade overactivation can cause mosaic overgrowth phenotypes resembling PIK3CA‐related overgrowth disorders (PROS) with cancer predisposition and are consistent with the hypothesis that RAS/MAPK hyperactivation can be involved in the pathogenesis of astrocytoma. This observation raises the issue of cancer predisposition in patients with RAS/MAPK pathway gene variants and expands genotype spectrum of LOs and the treatment options for similar cases through inhibition of the RAS/MAPK oversignaling.
Macroeconomic factors and financing strategies in working capital: Evidence from China
Authors: Mahmood Faisal , Ahmed Zahoor , Hussain Nazim , Zaied Younes Ben
Published: July 2022

Changing economic situation of a country affects working capital by influencing lenders' financing abilities, firms' business activities, and managers' decisions. Hence, this paper explores the influence of macroeconomic factors in the relationship between working capital financing and firm performance over the period of 2000–2018. Applying the two‐step generalized methods of moments, we found a non‐linear and inverted U‐shaped relationship between working capital finance (WCF) and firm performance, significantly influenced by the macroeconomic indicators that is, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, Inflation rate, and interest rate. We segregated the data regarding the global financial recession period 2008–2010 and disclosed that the non‐linear and inverted U‐shaped relationship between WCF and firm performance turns to linear and negative during this recession period. We also evaluated the role of GDP growth, inflation, and interest rate in WCF and firm performance relationship during the global recession and found that these factors do not influence the nexus during this period. Firm managers, lending agencies, and researchers may use these results in choosing the best financing options in working capital under the changing situation of macroeconomic factors. The WCF and firm performance analysis during the global recession period (2008–2010) may be the best prediction model for the current financial crisis caused by COVID‐19.
An effective deep learning model for grading abnormalities in retinal fundus images using variational auto‐encoders
Authors: Sundar Sumod , Sumathy Subramanian
Published: July 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) are severe diseases that affect the eyes due to damage in blood vessels. Computer‐aided automated grading will help clinicians conduct disease diagnoses at ease. Experiments of automated image processing with deep learning techniques using CNN produce promising results, especially in the medical imaging domain. However, the disease grading tasks in retinal images using CNN struggle to retain high‐quality information at the output. A novel deep learning model based on variational auto‐encoder to grade DR and DME abnormalities in retinal images is proposed. The objective of the proposed model is to extract the most relevant retinal image features efficiently. It focuses on addressing less relevant candidate region generation and translational invariance present in images. The experiments are conducted in IDRID dataset and evaluated using accuracy, U‐kappa, sensitivity, specificity and precision metrics. The results outperform compared with other state‐of‐art techniques.
Spontaneous Transpyloric Passage and Performance of ‘Fine Bore’ Polyurethane Feeding Tubes: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rees R. G. P. , Payne‐James J. J. , King C. , Silk D. B. A.
Published: July 2022

Certain groups of patients requiring enteral nutritional support are at increased risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of feed. Positioning of enteral feeding tubes distal to the pylorus has been advocated as a method of reducing such complications. Various techniques have been suggested to achieve postpyloric siting. Reports have indicated that lengthening the tube or altering the distal end tip configuration, by varying the tip profile or by the addition of a weight, may facilitate spontaneous transpyloric passage of the tube. This prospective controlled clinical study using three new polyurethane tubes demonstrates that the frequency of spontaneous transpyloric passage of the tube is not affected by tip profile or by the addition of a weight. Indeed, with all three tube designs only about one‐third had passed spontaneously through the pylorus at 24 hr. Once through the pylorus the unweighted tube stayed in position significantly longer than the weighted tubes (p < 0.005). We suggest that in those patients requiring postpyloric feeding, endoscopic or fluoroscopic techniques should be used to position the tubes at the time of insertion, and that an unweighted tube should be used to prolong tube usage.
Assessing impact of an interdisciplinary erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent dosing protocol at an outpatient community hospital hemodialysis unit
Authors: Dubovetsky Dennis , Tyler Joshua , Bisceglia Sarah
Published: July 2022

Background

In adult patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline for anemia management suggests initiation of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESA) when hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is between 9 and 10 g/dL to avoid Hb below 9 g/dL and not to exceed Hb of 11.5 g/dL. Pharmacist‐led protocol for ESA dosing was implemented at an outpatient hemodialysis unit to provide standardized dosing of ESA therapy and to attain target Hb.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacist‐directed protocol on anemia management.

Methods

The study was a single‐center, retrospective cohort comparing the 6‐month outcomes between the protocol and randomly selected historic control groups. The primary endpoint was the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) of Hb range: 9.5 to 10.9 g/dL. Secondary objectives were Hb concentrations, iron indices, number of red blood cell transfusions, hospital admissions due to cardiovascular events, use of alteplase for hemodialysis catheter thrombosis, and ESA and intravenous iron dosing.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐nine adult patients with ESKD were included with 61 patients assigned to the intervention group and 68 patients in the control group. Primary endpoint of TTR within target Hb 9.5 to 10.9 g/dL was similar between the protocol and control groups (30.7% vs 29.3%, P = .177). Median weekly doses of ESA were significantly lower in the protocol group (10 064 units vs 15 227 units, P = .035).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the protocol‐driven treatment was as effective as the control with respect to TTR for target Hb values, while leading to a significant reduction in ESA doses and drug‐associated costs.
Macroeconomic forecasting in a multi‐country context
Authors: Bai Yu , Carriero Andrea , Clark Todd E. , Marcellino Massimiliano
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical shrinkage approach for multi‐country VAR models. In implementation, we consider three different scale mixtures Normals priors and provide new theoretical results. Empirically, we examine how model specifications and prior choices affect the forecasting performance for GDP growth, inflation, and a short‐term interest rate for the G7 economies. We find that hierarchical shrinkage, particularly as implemented with the Horseshoe prior, is very useful in forecasting inflation. It also has the best density forecast performance for output growth and the interest rate. Multi‐country models generally improve on the forecast accuracy of single‐country models.
A new multiphase calcium phosphate graft material improves bone healing—An in vitro and in vivo analysis
Authors: Guastaldi Fernando Pozzi Semeghini , Matheus Henrique Rinaldi , Faloni Ana Paula de Souza , de Almeida‐Filho Edson , Cominotte Mariana Aline , Moretti Livia Alves Correa , Verzola Mario Henrique Arruda , Marcantonio Elcio , de Almeida Juliano Milanezi , Guastaldi Antonio Carlos , Cirelli Joni Augusto
Published: July 2022

This study aims to evaluate the potential of a novel biomaterial synthesized from amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) to repair critical‐sized defects (CSD) in rabbit calvaria. In vitro analyses of cell viability, cell proliferation, formation of mineral nodules, and cell differentiation using qPCR were performed for comparing experimental calcium phosphate (ECP), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). Bilateral CSDs were created in 45 rabbit calvaria. Six groups were evaluated: ECP, ECP + fibrin sealant (ECP + S), coagulum, autogenous bone, DBB, and β‐TCP. Euthanasia was performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, followed by micro‐computed tomography and histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results from in vitro analyses revealed similar biocompatibility for all tested materials and a tendency for higher gene expression of some bone markers in the ECP group than in β‐TCP and DBB groups at 7 days. In contrast to that in DBB and β‐TCP groups, ECP displayed growing bone volume over total volume percentage (BV/TV%) with time in vivo. Histological analysis revealed a greater number of giant cells and reduced size of grafted particles in ECP during all periods of analysis. RUNX‐2 expression was statistically lower in ECP than DBB at 2 and 4 weeks. Despite no statistical significance, ECP presented the highest absolute values for ALP‐expression at 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared with other groups. Together, our findings indicate that a combination of the ACP, OCP, and HA phases into ECP is beneficial and promising for bone regeneration.
Hsa_circ_0088196 suppresses trophoblast migration and invasion by the miR‐525‐5p/ABL1 axis and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Fenglian , Li Li
Published: July 2022

Our study aimed to explore the role of circ_0088196 (circular TNC [circTNC]) in trophoblast invasion and migration in preeclampsia (PE) both in vitro and in vivo. CircTNC, miR‐525‐5p, and ABL1 expression in trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell viability, migration, and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), wound healing, and Transwell assays. The binding between circTNC (or ABL1) and miR‐525‐5p was validated by RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. The mouse model of PE was injected with sh‐circTNC and the effects of circTNC knockdown on the mean artery pressure, urine protein concentration, and fetal survival number of pregnant mice were examined. The expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and PI3K/AKT pathway molecules in placental tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analysis. CircTNC overexpression inhibited cell invasion and migration, but did not influence cell proliferation. CircTNC bound with miR‐525‐5p, whose knockdown repressed cell invasion and migration, while it exerted no effect on cell proliferation. ABL1, a target of miR‐525‐5p, attenuated cell migration and invasion, without influence on cell viability. Importantly, either miR‐525‐5p overexpression or ABL1 depletion antagonized the repression of upregulated circTNC on trophoblast cell migration and invasion, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. CircTNC knockdown alleviated PE symptoms in pregnant mice. CircTNC knockdown promoted the trophoblast invasiveness in mice placenta by upregulating MMP‐2/9 expression and suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Circ_0088196 represses trophoblast invasion and migration both in vitro and in vivo via regulating the miR‐525‐5p/ABL1 axis and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Conformational preferences of endohedral metallofullerenes on Ag, Au, and MgO surfaces: Theoretical studies
Authors: Dubrovin Vasilii , Avdoshenko Stanislav M.
Published: July 2022

In this report, we study the ordering of C60, Sc3N@C80, and Dy2ScN@C80 molecules on different metallic and dielectric surfaces such as Ag(100), Au(111), and MgO(100). By using DFT techniques, we can classify different types of cage‐to‐surface arrangements and their relative energies. Using a proposed homogenous sampling of the conformational space for the M3N cluster, we determine a potential energy map that is capable of providing a structural distribution for a given energy window. We find that Coulomb interaction is a dominant force that governs the system's stability and order. However, a deep analysis of the charge density rearrangements reveals that even though the integral charges may be considered as a qualitative control parameter, it fails to provide quantitative data due to the importance of spatial characteristics of charge densities.
Using Endogenous Biomarkers to Derisk Assessment of Transporter‐Mediated Drug‐Drug Interactions: A Scientific Perspective
Authors: Arya Vikram , Reynolds Kellie S. , Yang Xinning
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive characterization of transporter mediated drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) is important to formulate clinical management strategies and ensure the safe and effective use of concomitantly administered drugs. The potential of a drug to inhibit transporters is predicted by comparing the ratio of the relevant concentration (depending on the transporter) and the half maximum inhibitory concentration to a predefined “cutoff” value. If the ratio is greater than the cutoff value, modeling approaches such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling or a clinical DDI trial may be recommended. Because false‐positive (in vitro data suggest the potential for a DDI, whereas no significant DDI is observed in vivo) and false‐negative (in vitro data does not suggest the potential for a DDI, whereas significant DDI is observed in vivo) outcomes have been observed, there is interest in exploring additional approaches to facilitate prediction of transporter‐mediated DDIs. The idea of assessing changes in the concentration of endogenous biomarkers (which are substrates of clinically relevant transporters) to gain insight on the potential for a drug to inhibit transporter activity has received widespread attention. This brief report describes how endogenous biomarkers may help to expand the DDI assessment toolkit, highlights some current knowledge gaps, and outlines a conceptual framework that may complement the current paradigm of predicting the potential for transporter‐mediated DDIs.
“Ouch!” When and why food anthropomorphism negatively affects consumption
Authors: Schroll Roland
Published: July 2022

Anthropomorphism is a widely used communication strategy—especially popular to promote food products. The current research examines the novel idea that food anthropomorphism negatively affects consumption—reducing consumption amount and deteriorating consumption experience. I argue and show that this negative effect occurs because anthropomorphizing grants the food product the perceived capacity to feel pain, which negatively affects consumption because it increases perceived immorality of consumption. In support of this process, I demonstrate that this negative effect manifests only among warm‐hearted (vs. cold‐hearted) consumers and in consumption (vs. purchase) decisions. Doing so not only extends anthropomorphism theory by providing a more nuanced understanding of how consumers respond to food anthropomorphism, but also allows to formulate managerial guidelines for the implementation of this strategy.
Adopting artificial intelligence in dental education: A model for academic leadership and innovation
Authors: Islam Nadim M. , Laughter Lory , Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Smith Carlos , Dolan Teresa A. , Crain Geralyn , Squarize Cristiane H.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The continual evolution of dental education, dental practice and the delivery of optimal oral health care is rooted in the practice of leadership. This paper explores opportunities and challenges facing dental education with a specific focus on incorporating the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods

Using the model in Bolman and Deal's Reframing Organizations, the Four Frames model serves as a road map for building infrastructure within dental schools for the adoption of AI.

Conclusion

AI can complement and boost human tasks and have a far‐reaching impact in academia and health care. Its adoption could enhance educational experiences and the delivery of care, and support current functions and future innovation. The framework suggested in this paper, while specific to AI, could be adapted and applied to a myriad of innovations and new organizational ideals and goals within institutions of dental education.
Plasma carnitine concentrations in Medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: lessons from an observational cohort study
Authors: Jager Emmalie A. , Schaafsma Merit , van der Klauw Melanie. M. , Heiner‐Fokkema M. Rebecca , Derks Terry G. J.
Published: July 2022

Our aim was to study the effect of secondary carnitine deficiency (SCD) and carnitine supplementation on important outcome measures for persons with medium‐chain Acyl–CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD). We performed a large retrospective observational study using all recorded visits of persons with MCADD in the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands, between October 1994 and October 2019. Frequency and duration of acute unscheduled preventive hospital visits, exercise tolerance, fatigue, and muscle pain were considered important clinical outcomes and were studied in relation to (acyl)carnitine profile and carnitine supplementation status. The study encompassed 1228 visits of 93 persons with MCADD. >60% had SCD during follow‐up. This included only persons with severe MCADD. Carnitine supplementation and SCD were unrelated to the frequency and duration of the acute unscheduled preventive hospital visits (P > 0.05). The relative risk for fatigue, muscle ache, or exercise intolerance was equal between persons with and without SCD (RR 1.6, 95% CI 0.48–5.10, P = 0.4662). No episodes of metabolic crisis were recorded in non‐carnitine‐supplemented persons with MCADD and SCD. In some persons with MCADD, SCD resolved without carnitine supplementation. There is absence of real‐world evidence in favor of routine carnitine analysis and carnitine supplementation in the follow‐up of persons with MCADD.
The structure and functional mechanism of eyespot in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Seth Kunal , Kumawat Geetanjali , Vyas Pallavi , Harish
Published: July 2022

Light plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, photoperiodism, and photomorphogenesis. Algae have a specialized visual system to perceive the light signal known as eyespot. A typical eyespot is an orange‐colored, membranous structure packed with pigmented granules. In algae, the eyespot membrane bears a specialized type of photoreceptors, which shows similarity with animal rhodopsin photoreceptors. This light‐sensing receptor is responsible for the photo‐mobility response known as phototaxis. In this, light acts as a signal for onset and cascade of downstream signal transduction pathway leading to a conformational change in photoreceptor. This induces the continuous influx of calcium ions through the opening of calcium ion channels leading to membrane depolarization, and beating of flagella which is responsible for phototaxis. Mutational studies have assisted the discovery of eyespot genes, which are involved in eyespot development, assembly, size control, and functioning in Chlamydomonas. These genes belong to photoreceptors (cop1‐12, acry, pcry, cry‐dash1, cry‐dash2, phot, uvr8), eyeless mutants (eye2, eye3), miniature‐eyespot mutants (min1, min2), multiple eyespot mutants (mlt1, mlt2). This review discusses the structural biology of eyespots with special reference to Chlamydomonas, molecular insights, related genes, and proteins responsible for its proper functioning.
Long‐term effect of conservation agriculture on the composition and nutritional value of durum wheat grains grown over 2 years in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Kerbouai Imene , M'hamed Hatem Cheikh , Jenfaoui Houda , Riahi Jouhaina , Mokrani Khaoula , Jribi Sarra , Arfaoui Slim , Sassi Khaled , Ben Ismail Hanen
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Given the interest in mitigating the consequences of soil deterioration and climate change impacts on durum wheat grain, the objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of two soil management systems – conservation agriculture (CA) and conventional tillage (CT) – on the grain composition and nutritional value of two durum wheat varieties (Karim and Monastir) grown over two cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020).

RESULTS

The soil management system had an impact on all studied parameters, namely 1000‐kernel weight (TKW), proximate composition, energy value, total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacities (DPPH and ABTS) and mineral elements (K, P and Na), excluding hectoliter weight. CA resulted in high moisture content, crude protein, P, K, Na, TPC, DPPH and ABTS. However, TKW, crude fat, crude ash, energy value, and total carbohydrate were higher when using CT.

CONCLUSION

A 2‐year adoption of conservation agriculture after a long‐term conversion enhanced some compositional parameters and nutritional value of durum wheat varieties. The interaction with year and/or variety was very influential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Experience in utilizing a novel 3D digital model with CT and MRI fusion data in sarcoma evaluation and surgical planning
Authors: Du Xinhui , Wei Hua , Zhang Boya , Gao Shilei , Li Zhehuang , Cheng Yu , Fan Yichao , Zhou Xiaotian , Yao Weitao
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess sarcoma margins with more accuracy and aid surgical planning, we constructed three‐dimensional (3D) digital models with computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion data and validated the preciseness of the models by comparing them with 3D models constructed with CT only data.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive set of patients treated in our center who were preoperatively evaluated with the fusion image model. Models based on fusion images or CT‐only data were constructed. Volumes of both tumors were calculated and the tumors were overlapped to see the location of differences between the two models.

Results

A consecutive 12 cases (4 male vs. 8 female) were included in this study. Most of the tumors were located in the pelvic bone or spine. The volume of the two tumor models was different and the differences were mainly in the peripheral region of the tumor.

Conclusion

CT and MRI fusion image 3D models are more accurate than models with CT‐only data and can be very helpful in preoperative planning of sarcoma patients.
Interobserver Variability in Ultrasound‐Based Liver Fat Quantification
Authors: Şendur Halit Nahit , Cerit Mahi Nur , Ibrahimkhanli Nemat , Şendur Aylin Billur , Özhan Oktar Suna
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To assess interobserver variability in ultrasound‐based quantitative liver fat content measurements and to determine how much time these quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques require.

Methods

One hundred patients with known or suspected of having nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were included in this prospective study. Two observers who were blinded to each other measurements performed tissue attenuation imaging (TAI) and tissue scatter distribution imaging (TSI) techniques independently. Both observers assessed hepatic steatosis visually and obtained 5 measurements for each QUS technique and the median values of the measurements were recorded. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between QUS measurements and visual hepatic stetaosis grades. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test was used to assess interobserver variability in QUS measurements.

Results

The median values of TAI measurements for the observers 1 and 2 were 0.75 and 0.74 dB/cm/MHz, respectively. The median values of TSI measurements for the observers 1 and 2 were 93.53 and 92.58, respectively. The interobserver agreement in TAI (ICC: 0.970) and TSI (ICC: 0.938) measurements were excellent. The mean of the required time period for TAI technique were 55.1 ± 7.8 and 59.9 ± 6.6 seconds for the observers 1 and 2, respectively. The mean of the required time period for TSI technique were 49.1 ± 5.8 and 54.1 ± 5.4 seconds for the observers 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion

The current study revealed that both TAI and TSI techniques are highly reproducible and can be implemented into daily practice with little additional time requirement.
Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum Enhanced Second‐Harmonic Generation in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , He Linye , Gan Xin , Huang Xiaocong , Du Yixuan , Zhai Zhenshan , Li Zhuang , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng , Cai Yangjian , Ao Xianyu
Published: July 2022

This work reports the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in a z‐cut thin‐film lithium niobate (LN) under nearly normal‐incident linearly‐polarized pumping. To utilize the largest nonlinear term which is along the out‐of‐plane direction in the z‐cut LN film, the film is patterned with a 2D periodic array to support symmetry‐protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) bearing strong out‐of‐plane electric field component. Enabled by such optical resonances near the BIC condition at the pumping wavelength, significant enhancement in SHG compared to an unpatterned film is observed. This approach, combining transparent thin‐film nonlinear materials with tailored BICs, offers prospects for engineering compact coherent light sources in a broad wavelength range.
On the logic of distributive nearlattices
Authors: González Luciano J.
Published: July 2022

We study the propositional logic associated with the variety of distributive nearlattices . We prove that the logic coincides with the assertional logic associated with the variety and with the order‐based logic associated with . We obtain a characterization of the reduced matrix models of logic . We develop a connection between the logic and the ‐fragment of classical logic. Finally, we present two Hilbert‐style axiomatizations for the logic .
Development of Molding Compounds Based on Epoxy Resin/Aromatic Amine/Benzoxazine for High‐Temperature Electronic Packaging Applications
Authors: Gou Haolan , Bao Ying , Huang Jiateng , Fei Xiaoma , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei
Published: July 2022

Heat‐resistant molding of compounds is an indispensable part in encapsulating future electronic power devices. Herein, it is used for polyfunctional epoxy resin (EP) and diamine‐phenol benzoxazine (BOZ) as resin matrix, 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agent, and iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) as curing accelerator, as well as inorganic fillers and other auxiliaries, to prepare heat‐resistant molding compounds. The curing behavior, processability and thermal performance of the EP/DDM/BOZ (EDB) resin blends containing different contents of DDM, BOZ, and Fe(acac)3are first systematically investigated. The EDB molding compounds (MCEDB) with suitable BOZ content show good processability, and the molding process can be compatible with that of commercial epoxy molding compounds (EMC). With increasing the BOZ content, the glass transition temperature of cured MCEDBis greatly enhanced to a maximum of 261 °C determined by dynamic mechanical analyzer, owing to the hydrogen‐bond interaction generated after polymerization of BOZ increasing the rigidity of network chains. Moreover, the cured MCEDBalso exhibits higher thermal decomposition stability, better high‐temperature (200 °C) mechanical properties, and lower water absorption compared to the cured EMC. After high‐temperature (200 °C) aging for 500 h, the cured MCEDBwith suitable BOZ content still maintains outstanding performance. This study provides a promising strategy for preparing heat‐resistant electronic packaging molding compounds.