bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto del forraje sobre el rendimiento piezas de la canal y perfil hematológico de conejos destetados
Authors: Oloruntola O. D. , Daramola O. T. , Omoniyi S. O.
Published: November 2018

Veinte conejos destetados, de peso inicial entre 667,49 y 678,80 g, fueron aleatoriamente asignados a cinco tratamientos (A, B, C, D, y E) en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones de un conejo. La dieta A (concentrado) sirvió como dieta control. Las dietas B y C se compusieron de forraje fresco de pasto elefante y de Tridax respectivamente; la dieta D fue una mezcla de forraje Tridax:Pueraria (60:40) y la E una mezcla de pasto elefante:Pueraria (60:40). El nivel de fibra bruta en Tridax (12,42 %), pasto elefante (33,59 %) y Pueraria (39,75 %) fue mayor que el del concentrado (5,89 %). El extracto etéreo en el concentrado (4,13 %) es comparable al de Tridax (6,14 %) y pasto elefante (2,35 %)e inferior al de Pueraria (11,10 %). El contenido de cenizas en el concentrado (6,12 %) es comparable al de los forrajes excepto Tridax (2,02 %). La ingestión de la dieta A es comparable a la de la D pero significativamente mayor que la de las otras dietas, tendencia que continúa semanalmente en lo relativo a la ganancia diaria y total de peso. La ingestión de materia seca de la dieta A es similar a la de la dieta D pero significativamente menor que en los restantes tratamientos. Los índices de conversión de las dietas A (3,66), D (3,73) y E (3,62) son significativamente menores (p
Considerações sobre a degradação da fibra em forragens tropicais associada com suplementos energéticos ou nitrogenados
Authors: Costa N. De L. , Monteiro A. L.G. , Silva A. L.P. , Moraes A. De , Giostri A. F. , Stivari T. S.S. , Gilaverte S. , Baldissera T. C. , Pin E. A.
Published: November 2018

Os carboidratos constituem entre 70 e 80 % da dieta dos ruminantes e são fundamentais para o atendimento de suas exigências em energia, síntese de proteína microbiana, componentes do leite e manutenção da saúde animal. As gramíneas forrageiras tropicais apresentam, normalmente, baixos teores de proteína bruta, os quais estão associados a elevados teores de fibra, que pode representar cerca de 60 % da matéria seca consumida. A fibra representa a fração dos carboidratos de digestão lenta ou indigestível do alimento que ocupa espaço no trato gastrintestinal e, em função de sua concentração e digestibilidade, impõe limitações ao consumo voluntário de matéria seca, minerais e energia. A suplementação energética ou protéica pode suprir as necessidades em energia e proteína dos microrganismos e do ruminante, proporcionando condições favoráveis ao ambiente ruminal, maximizando o crescimento microbiano e a utilização dos compostos fibrosos da forragem. A sincronização entre as fontes de carboidratos e as de nitrogênio (N) maximiza a eficiência microbiana e a diminuição da perda de N em forma de amônia e da energia dos carboidratos, promovendo melhoria na digestão da MS e, especialmente, da fração fibrosa da forragem. Neste artigo são analisados os efeitos da suplementação energética e/ou protéica sobre a degradação e o consumo da fibra de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais.
Torta de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja na alimentação de cordeiros ½ sangue dorper
Authors: Duarte R. , Bagaldo A. R. , Matoso Silva R. , Oliveira R. L. , Silva T. M. , Ribeiro R. , Araújo F. L.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão de torta de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea), no suplemento concentrado de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros mestiços ½ sangue Dorper, com idade média de 7 meses, mantidos em baias individuais. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim em 0; 33,33; 66,67; e 100 %. O período experimental foi de 32 dias, dos quais 14 dias para adaptação e 18 entre rotina e coleta de dados. Durante os últimos 5 dias experimentais foram coletadas amostras diárias do ofertado, sobras e fezes, duas vezes ao dia, as 8 e 15 horas, as quais foram secas e moídas para as análises bromatológicas. Nos 8º, 9º e 10º dias do período experimental, os animais foram submetidos à observação visual para avaliação do comportamento ingestivo em reposta a dieta e as respostas fisiológicas dos animais ao ambiente. Nos dias 13o, 15o e 17o, realizou-se a medição do consumo de água em resposta a dieta oferecida. Os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, nutrientes digestíveis totais, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, não foram significativos (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não fibrosos não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05) e o consumo de água foi similar (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. A frequência cardíaca , temperatura retal e temperatura corpórea foram semelhantes (p>0,05) no período da manhã e tarde, exceto para a frequência respiratória no período da tarde que apresentou um efeito quadrático (p
Biofertilizante caprino no desenvolvimento de Urochloa ruziziensis
Authors: Silva J. , Nascimento J. L. , Santos M. B. , Gama A. , Queiroz M. A. , Yano-Melo A.
Published: November 2018

Plantas de Urochloa ruziziensis constituem recurso forrageiro devido a sua produção de biomassa aérea e composição químico-bromatológica. Incrementos nesses atributos podem ser obtidos por meio da melhoria da fertilidade do solo e nutrição vegetal. Nesse sentido, os biofertilizantes constituem uma fonte de adubo orgânico com potencialidade para aplicação na produção de plantas forrageiras, possibilitando melhorias no seu desenvolvimento morfogênico, produtividade e composição químico-bromatológica. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de biofertilizante oriundo de dejetos caprinos nas características estruturais e morfogênicas, produção inicial de biomassa aérea e composição químico-bromatológica das plantas de Urochloa ruziziensis. Realizou-se experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tratamentos consistentes de cinco doses do biofertilizante caprino (0, 3, 5, 7 e 9 %) em seis repetições. De modo geral, a aplicação do biofertilizante a partir da dose de 5 % proporcionou maior acúmulo de biomassa seca da parte aérea atrelado à melhoria nos teores de matéria seca, orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido. Por outro lado, efeito contrário foi constatado para a matéria mineral e hemicelulose. Para os parâmetros de crescimento das plantas, o biofertilizante estudado promoveu aumento (p
Evaluación de los efectos de la suplementación de aceite de pescado y té verde en la microflora de la molleja, íleon y ciego en pollos de engorde
Authors: Seidavi A. , Simões J.
Published: November 2018

Con el fin de evaluar los efectos de la sustitución del aceite de soja por aceite de pescado (AP) y del té verde (Camellia sinensis L.; GT) en polvo, a bajos niveles, sobre la microflora del tracto digestivo, 270 pollitos machos de la cepa Ross 308 y un dia de edad fueron asignados aleatoriamente en 9 grupos con 3 repeticiones y 10 aves cada uno. Las dietas de los períodos de inicio, crecimiento, y acabado incluían la sustitución de una parte el aceite de soja por 0, 1,5 o 2,0 % de AP y 0; 1,0 o 1,5 % de polvo de GT. En el día 42, se recogieron los contenidos de la molleja, íleon y ciego de un ave sacrificada en cada réplica, para cultivos microbianos y recuento de colonias. El número medio (mínimos cuadrados medios log10 UFC/g±SEM) de bacterias aeróbicas (7,396 ± 0,931), bacterias productoras de ácido láctico (8,165±0,900), coliformes (7,033±0,892) y bactérias intestinales lactosa negativas (6,559±0,823), provenientes del contenido cecal de las aves alimentadas con 2 % AP fueron similares a todos los demás grupos. Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos para el contenido de la molleja y del íleon. Estos resultados sugieren que la suplementación en la dieta del AP hasta 2,0 % más GT hasta el 1,5 % no afectan negativamente o incluso puede preservar el equilibrio de la microflora de la molleja, el íleon y el ciego de pollos aparentemente sanos. El aceite de soja se puede sustituir parcialmente por AP hasta el nivel 2,0 % sin efectos adversos aparentes sobre la microflora intestinal.
Performance économique des exploitations de bovin viande de la région du Grand Cheliff (Algérie)
Authors: Sadoud M.
Published: November 2018

Dans le but de déterminer la performance économique (DA= Dinar Algerien; 1 Euro= 100 DA en 2011) des exploitations d’élevage bovin viande, une étude a été menée en 2011 dans la région du grand Cheliff au nord de l’Algérie. Un total de 102 exploitations a été enquêté, dont trois classes ont été identifiées. Les exploitations de la classe A présentent le coût le plus faible (482,39 DA/kg), suivies par celles des deux autres groupes C et B avec respectivement (581,31 DA et 585,58 DA). La recette unitaire de vente d’un bovin varie de 600,70 DA/kg vif pour les exploitations de la classe A à 601,17 DA/kg vif pour celles du groupe B. La recette moyenne unitaire de vente est de l’ordre de 600,93 DA/kg. Les exploitations de la classe A affiche le prix de revient le plus faible, soit 465 DA/kg , suivi par les exploitations de la classe B avec 563 DA/kg, puis les exploitations de classe C avec un prix de 572,92 DA/kg. La marge brute au cours de l’année 2011 par tête bovine est de 78 241,16 DA/tête. Elle varie d’un minimum de 60 706 DA/tête pour les exploitations appartenant à la classe C et d’un maximum de 91 486 DA/tête pour les exploitations du groupe B. Les exploitations de la Classe A peuvent être considérées comme le groupe le plus performant de l’ensemble des types distingués avec un coût de production parmi les plus bas. Par contre les autres groupes (Classe B et C) paraissent dans des conditions difficiles suite aux difficultés et contraintes des facteurs de production locaux ou importés.
Caracterización de la lana de ovejas criollas argentinas en cuatro ambientes diferentes
Authors: Peña S. , Sacchero D. , Maurino J. , López G. A. , Abbiati N. N. , Género E. R. , Martínez R. D.
Published: November 2018

La raza ovina Criolla es la fundadora del patrimonio ovino argentino y está distribuida en casi todas las provincias. Son pocos los trabajos destinados a estudiar la calidad lanera de este germoplasma. El objetivo fue caracterizar la lana de ovejas Criollas Argentinas, utilizando las principales medidas que determinan su calidad y su valor comercial. El muestreo se realizó sobre majadas ubicadas en cuatro provincias: Salta (SA) (n= 44); Santiago del Estero (SE) (n= 60); Corrientes (CO) (n= 40) y Buenos Aires (BA) (n= 59). Se tomaron muestras de lana de cada oveja y se determinaron las siguientes variables: diámetro medio de fibra (DMF); desvío estándar del diámetro medio de fibra (DE_DMF); curvatura de ondulación (CU); factor de confort (FC) y largo de mecha (LM). El análisis estadístico incluyó análisis de varianzas (ANOVA), análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y de conglomerados (ACO). Las ovejas SA se destacaron del resto de las regiones por su menor DMF= 26,1±2,5 µm y DE_DMF= 6,2±1,5 µm, su mayor CU= 78,5±13,5 º/mm y su mayor FC= 78,8±12,7 %, mientras que las de BA presentaron un LM= 123,0±36,6 mm, ampliamente superior a las otras regiones y CO presentó mayor DMF= 35,9±4,1 µm. El ACP identificó 2 componentes que explicaron el 90 % de la variabilidad. La primera diferencia SA de BA y muestra superposición entre SE y CO. La segunda diferencia BA del resto de las regiones. Del ACO surge que los ovinos de SE y CO forman un solo grupo definiéndose tres regiones: SA, BA y SE-CO. Ninguno de los tres grupos respondió a la categoría carpet-wool o Criola correspondiente a la clasificación lanera oficial, por eso se considera necesario construir un mapa lanero Criollo de la República Argentina.
Freio de Ouro como ferramenta de seleção na raça Crioula
Authors: Cucco D. C. , Salles E. L. , Santos M. R. , Ferreira R. , Soriano V. S. , Zampar A. , Kessler J. D.
Published: November 2018

A principal prova da raça Crioula, o Freio de Ouro, é uma importante ferramenta de seleção, pois além de avaliar morfologia possui ainda nove provas funcionais com ou sem a presença de bovinos, as quais servem para avaliar a habilidade do equino em manobras e trabalhos corriqueiros. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido devido à importância econômica e social desta raça, aliado à escassez de estudos a respeito de melhoramento genético em equinocultura em nosso país. Foram coletadas informações sobre as premiações na Prova do Freio de Ouro, ao longo de todas as edições (1982 – 2014), bem como a genealogia, até à quinta geração, dos animais premiados neste período. Posteriormente, foram interpretados os resultados e analisadas as genealogias com o intuito de identificar a influência dos principais genearcas desta prova equestre. Observou-se que poucos garanhões são pais da grande maioria dos 165 animais premiados neste período. O Freio de Ouro pode ser considerada uma ferramenta de seleção, pois alguns animais premiados foram pais de animais também premiados. A grande maioria dos premiados nasceu no Brasil, sendo filhos de garanhões importados e mães nacionais. Alguns animais foram premiados em mais de uma oportunidade, porém nenhum conseguiu repetir o primeiro prêmio.
Successful Implementation of New Technologies in Sour Oman Fields: Securing High Risk Wells, Savings & Production Increase
Authors: Narwal Tushar , Riyami Yaqoob , Rashdi Mansoor , Abri Zahir , Sariri Aisha , Benchekor Ahmed , Hadhrami Abdullah , Dsouza Rylan , Brodie Alan , Strom Kyle
Published: November 2018

In South Oman, PDO is producing from high Sour Fields (H2S 1-10%) with high reservoir pressures ranging from 50,000 to 100,000kpa for more than 20 yrs. Operating these high sour wells comes with huge challenges and risks, which can easily get escalated to very high levels in case of any integrity issues with the wells. These situations not only provide significant exposure to expensive and risky well interventions but also pose threats to production due to Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) issues.

The authors describe case studies where team was exposed to these challenging situations due to integrity failures in two such wells. New technologies were implemented which resulted in restoring the well integrity in a very cost effective manner (cost savings worth millions) and also reduced the HSE risks on the nearby operations. As a result, production was safeguarded (3-4% of Station Capacity) by allowing drilling of new wells and oil deferment from existing wells in the nearby area was avoided.
Intensive Tillage Converting Grassland to Cropland Immediately Reduces Soil Microbial Community Size and Organic Carbon
Authors: Cotton Jon , Acosta‐Martínez Veronica
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Decreased CRP funding is resulting in US grassland being tilled.

Intensive tillage of grassland rapidly decreases soil health indicators.

One month after tilling grassland surface microbial biomass (0–10 cm) decreased 52%.

Soil organic C decreased by 20% in the top 30 cm after one growing season.

Alternative grassland conversion methods are needed to sustain soil health.

Intensive tillage of grassland has negative long‐term effects on soil health, but little data exist to understand how quickly this decline occurs. We sampled a commercial field in the semiarid Southern Plains of the United States before and after tilling grassland and compared the results to adjacent row crop and perennial grass fields. Within the first month of tillage, we detected losses of 52% of microbial biomass C (505 to 241 mg kg−1 soil), 33% of organic C (11.6 to 7.78 g kg−1 soil), 30% of total N (1.09 to 0.760 g kg−1 soil) and 64 to 70% of β‐glucosidase and phosphodiesterase activities. The rapid decreases in these soil health indicators demonstrate that tillage management decisions are crucial for maintaining soil health if perennial grasses are converted to row cropping.
Yield of Native Warm‐Season Grasses in Response to Nitrogen and Harvest Frequency
Authors: Rushing J. B. , Lemus R. W. , White J. A. , Lyles J. C. , Thornton M. T.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Within year, harvest frequency has the greatest effect on DM production of native warm‐season grasses.

Nitrogen has little effect on native warm‐season grass DM yield.

Eastern gamagrass can tolerate consecutive years of frequent defoliations and maintain yield.

Five native warm‐season grass species and mixtures were grown in east‐central Mississippi on a coarse‐loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudult, to determine their potential as forage grasses in response to harvest frequency and N application. Established stands were harvested at 30, 40, 60, and 120 d intervals, and were fertilized with N rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha−1 for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Dry matter (DM) yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (aNUE) were analyzed. Year, treated as a repeated measure, was the main source of variation affecting DM yields. Within year, harvest frequency had the greatest effect on cumulative yields in 2016, accounting for 44% of the variation observed. This effect was not observed in 2017. Frequent defoliations led to overall lower yields in 2017. Nitrogen was significant, but moderately, accounting for 2 and 4% of variation for 2016 and 2017, respectively. Species was also significant for both years. Agronomic N use efficiency varied between year, species, N rate, and harvest frequency. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was the only species in which cumulative DM yield remained consistent across both years of the study, regardless of harvest frequency or N application. Results suggest that rest periods should be based on species present, and that less frequent harvests are required for sustained DM yields.
Viscosity Is Linked to Temporal Behavior of Hydrocarbon Injury on a Bermudagrass Green
Authors: Berndt William , Riger Jonathan , Riger Charles
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Temporal behavior of hydrocarbon injury varied with hydrocarbon fluid type.

Descriptors of injury behavior correlated with kinematic viscosity of hydrocarbon fluids.

Injury from high‐viscosity fluids began healing later and had longer recovery times.
Long‐Term Selection in Hybrid Sorghum Breeding Programs
Authors: Pfeiffer Brian K. , Pietsch Dennis , Schnell Ronnie W. , Rooney William L.
Published: November 2018

Estimating genetic gains in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is necessary to assess whether the current rates of improvement will meet future production demands. The current study was conducted to determine the rate of genetic gain in yield and associated traits over the commercial hybrid era using sorghum germplasm from the Texas A&M sorghum breeding program and a US sorghum seed company. From the Texas A&M AgriLife program, 60 hybrids that represented a 50‐yr span of hybrid breeding were grown and evaluated in five environments across Texas in 2016. In a separate set of trials, 14 commercial hybrids representing a similar timespan were evaluated in three Texas environments in 2016. In both programs, grain sorghum yields increased 0.008 t ha−1 annually over their respective timespans. Traits that increased over time included yield potential per plant, heterosis, test weight, panicle size, and grain number per panicle, whereas leaf angle, days to maturity, plant height, and yield stability demonstrated little to no change. Overall, ∼60% of total yield gains in US sorghum production are attributed to genetic improvement through sorghum breeding. Compared with other major US field crops, the rate of genetic gain in sorghum has been slower, presumably due to a combination of factors, which include continually shifting production environments, changing priorities in traits, reduced research investments (compared with other crops), and less‐than‐optimized heterotic groups.
Mott-insulator-aided detection of ultra-narrow Feshbach resonances
Authors: Mark Manfred , Meinert Florian , Lauber Katharina , Nägerl Hanns-Christoph
Published: November 2018

We report on the detection of extremely narrow Feshbach resonances by
employing a Mott-insulating state for cesium atoms in a
three-dimensional optical lattice. The Mott insulator protects the
atomic ensemble from high background three-body losses in a magnetic
field region where a broad Efimov resonance otherwise dominates the atom
loss in bulk samples. Our technique reveals three ultra-narrow and
previously unobserved Feshbach resonances in this region with widths
below \approx 10\,\mu≈10μG,
measured via Landau-Zener-type molecule formation and confirmed by
theoretical predictions. For comparatively broader resonances we find a
lattice-induced substructure in the respective atom-loss feature due to
the interplay of tunneling and strong particle interactions. Our results
provide a powerful tool to identify and characterize narrow scattering
resonances, particularly in systems with complex Feshbach spectra. The
observed ultra-narrow Feshbach resonances could be interesting
candidates for precision measurements.
Confession and the Cultural Turn: Revising the Historical Critique of Lídia Jorge’s The Murmuring Coast
Authors: Weiser Frans
Published: November 2018

Lídia Jorge’s A costa dos murmúrios (1988) has been primarily theorized as a subversion of historical discourse. Similar to a number of Jorge’s examinations of social changes emerging as the Estado Novo declined, the novel juxtaposes two competing versions of the past, in this case a fictional representation of the colonial wars and a woman’s testimonial account twenty years later. This article reconsiders the novel’s status as historical deconstruction, arguing that its oral and visual strategies instead correspond to the methodology of cultural historiography that emerged during the 1970s and 1980s. Expanding Helena Kaufman’s reading of the testimonial as “deliterarization,” I analyze how a slippage of critical terminology over time has equated historical fiction with narrative history. After examining the competing agendas of cultural history and literary postmodernism, I demonstrate how reconceiving Jorge’s historical “annulment” as a productive revision of fiction provides a model of complementary history facilitating interdisciplinary engagement.
Amaral, Ana Luisa. The Art of Being a Tiger: Poems by Ana Luísa Amaral, translated by Margaret Jull Costa with an introduction by Paulo de Medeiros, Liverpool UP, 2016.
Authors: Owen Hilary
Published: November 2018

There is nothing diminished or softened about The Art of Being a Tiger. It is always a rare pleasure to find an anthology of one’s favorite poems by one of the towering figures of contemporary Portuguese poetry, Ana Luísa Amaral. To find it in a bilingual edition alongside sensitive, probing, and insightful English translations by Margaret Jull Costa is even better. This edition by Aris and Phillips performs the long overdue task of making Amaral’s poetry available to an Anglophone readership, the first full-scale volume dedicated solely to her work, although isolated examples by other translators have appeared on internet sites.
Librandi, Marília. Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel. U of Toronto P, 2018.
Authors: Méndez Mariela
Published: November 2018

Writing by Ear, despite its subtitle, is not merely a book about the presence of aurality in Clarice Lispector’s fiction. Marília Librandi’s book closely listens to Lispector’s fiction to find the resonances and reverberations of a mode of writing that informs a large part of Brazilian literature of the modern period. There is a “listening in writing,” the author argues, and she offers three interrelated concepts—“writing by ear,” “aural novel,” and “echopoetics”—to help the reader follow her auditory journey through Lispector’s life and writing.
LIMITAÇÃO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO INTRAÓSSEO: ASPECTOS DA ENFERMAGEM E DA INSTITUIÇÃO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Schumaher Mayara Larissa Nilsen , Jara Carlos Poblete , Bóbbo Vanessa Cristina Dias , Gallasch Cristiane Helena , Ferreira Luciane Ruiz Carmona
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Verificar a realização do acesso intraósseo por enfermeiros. Método: Estudo analítico transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Resultados: Demonstrou-se que 97,0% dos profissionais nunca realizaram o acesso (p<0,001), e 48,5% tiveram um treinamento adequado. Apenas 9,1% relatou se sentir seguro para executar a técnica (p<0,001) e 69,7% responderam que não possuem apoio técnico, e não possuem material apropriado. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que existe uma limitação do uso do acesso intraósseo. A falta de autonomia para realizar a técnica pode se explicar pela falta de habilidade prática e conhecimento teórico dos enfermeiros, e pela falta de protocolos e acesso à informações institucionais, treinamentos e insumos.Descritores: Infusões Intraósseas; Enfermagem; Desenvolvimento de pessoal.LIMITATION OF THE USE OF INTRAÓSSEO ACCESS: ASPECTS OF NURSING AND HEALTH INSTITUTIONAim: To verify the achievement of intraosseous access by nurses. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study, carried out through the application of a questionnaire. Results: It was demonstrated that 97,0% of the professionals never performed access (p <0.001), and 48,5% had adequate training. Only 9,1% reported feeling safe to perform the technique (p <0.001) and 69,7% answered that they do not have technical support, and do not have appropriate material. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that there is a limitation of the use of intraosseous access. The lack of autonomy to perform the technique can be explained by the lack of practical skills and theoretical knowledge of nurses, and the lack of protocols and access to institutional information, training and inputs.Descriptors: Intraosseous infusions; Nursing; Development of personnel.ACCESO LIMITACIÓN DE USO INTRAÓSEA: ASPECTOS DE LA ENFERMERÍA Y INSTITUCIÓN DE SALUD.Objetivo: Verificar la realización del acceso intraóseo para las enfermeras. Método: Estudio transversal analítico realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario. Resultados: Se demostró que 97,0% de los encuestados nunca hizo de acceso (p <0,001), y 48,5% tenía una formación adecuada. Sólo 9.1% reportó sentirse seguro para llevar a cabo la técnica (p <0,001) y 69,7% dijeron que no tienen soporte, y no tienen ningún material adecuado. Conclusión: Se ha demostrado que existe una limitación del uso de la vía intraósea. La falta de autonomía para llevar a cabo la técnica puede explicarse por la falta de habilidades prácticas y conocimientos teóricos de las enfermeras, y la falta de protocolos y el acceso a la información institucional, la capacitación y los insumos.Descriptores: Infusiones intraóseas; enfermería; desarrollo del personal.
Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Bhawana , Dabur Rajesh
Published: November 2018

Background:

Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism.

Objective:

This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be discussed.

Results:

During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3 ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein metabolism.

Conclusion:

Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines that need to be further understood and explored.
Recent Advances of Novel Therapeutic Agents from Botanicals for Prevention and Therapy of Breast Cancer: An Updated Review
Authors: Singh Namrata , Kushwaha Poonam , Gupta Amresh , Prakash Om
Published: November 2018

Breast cancer is among the foremost common malignancies and the second leading
cause for cancer-related deaths in females. Varied treatment approaches are projected to cause a
subject matter reduction in the fatality rate. Carcinoma treatment is highly challenging due to
therapeutic resistance and reoccurrence. Several studies have revealed that bioactive compounds
isolated from natural products such as plants, vegetables, and marine origins have a therapeutic
and preventive role in breast carcinoma. Utilization of these bioactive agents in amelioration of
cancer as complementary and alternative therapy increases day by day due to growing scientific
shreds of evidence of the biomedical innovation and clinical trials. Due to the safe nature of these
photochemical investigators are focusing on the investigation of lead compounds from traditional
herbal medicine to discover new lead anticancer agents in the single pure compound. This review
highlights the mechanism of action and future prospects of novel medicinal agents from botanical
sources that have chemoprevention activity against breast carcinoma together with other types of
body cancer. The major bioactive, which are used as a remedy for the prevention and treatment of
breast cancer, is summarized and explored here.
Radiotherapy for Brain Tumors: Current Practice and Future Directions
Authors: Baker Sarah , Logie Natalie , Paulson Kim , Duimering Adele , Murtha Albert
Published: November 2018

Radiotherapy is an important component of the treatment for primary and metastatic
brain tumors. Due to the close proximity of critical structures and normal brain parenchyma, Central
Nervous System (CNS) radiotherapy is associated with adverse effects such as neurocognitive
deficits, which must be weighed against the benefit of improved tumor control. Advanced radiotherapy
technology may help to mitigate toxicity risks, although there is a paucity of high-level
evidence to support its use. Recent advances have been made in the treatment for gliomas, meningiomas,
benign tumors, and metastases, although outcomes remain poor for many high grade
tumors. This review highlights recent developments in CNS radiotherapy, discusses common
treatment toxicities, critically reviews advanced radiotherapy technologies, and highlights promising
treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes in the future.
Childhood Solitary Cutaneous Mastocytoma: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Lam Joseph M. , Leong Kin Fon
Published: November 2018

Background:

The diagnosis of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma is mainly clinical, based
on lesion morphology, the presence of a positive Darier sign, and the absence of systemic involvement.
Knowledge of this condition is important so that an accurate diagnosis can be made.

Objective:

To familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and
management of a solitary cutaneous mastocytoma.

Methods:

A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "solitary cutaneous
mastocytoma". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials,
clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. Only papers published in English language were
included. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present
article.

Results:

Typically, a solitary cutaneous mastocytoma presents as an indurated, erythematous, yellow-
brown or reddish-brown macule, papule, plaque or nodule, usually measuring up to 5 cm in
diameter. The lesion often has a peau d'orange appearance and a leathery or rubbery consistency. A
solitary cutaneous mastocytoma may urticate spontaneously or when stroked or rubbed (Darier
sign). Organomegaly and lymphadenopathy are characteristically absent. The majority of patients
with skin lesions that erupt within the first two years of life have spontaneous resolution of the lesions
before puberty. Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Reassurance and avoidance of triggering
factors suffice in most cases.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the morphology of the lesion, the presence
of a positive Darier sign, and the absence of systemic involvement. A skin biopsy is usually not
necessary unless the diagnosis is in doubt.
Simultaneous Determination of Three Alkaloids in Wutou Decoction in Rat Plasma Via the UPLC–MS/MS Method and its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Jian WU , Yu-bin JI , Ying-jie Liu , Ying XU , Wei Zheng , Miao Yu
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Wutou decoction has been wildly applied for the treatment of RA in China for
several thousand years.

Methods:

This study aims to develop a highly sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography
coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)
method to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of three representative bioactive alkaloids after intragastric
administration of Wutou decoction in rats. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18
column under the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI)
mode. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by software DAS 3. 0.

Results:

The validation of the method was achieved in accordance with the FDA guidelines. The results
of pharmacokinetic study showed that the in vivo concentrations of benzoylmesaconine and
benzoylhypaconine were significantly higher than benzoylaconine. Our PK results showed that these
three compounds were quickly absorbed after the administration of Wutou decoction, and Tmax ranged
from 30 min to 45 min.

Conclusion:

The results of pharmacokinetic study showed that the in vivo concentrations of
benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine were significantly higher than benzoylaconine. There were
also similar pharmacokinetic behaviors observed among BAC, BHA, and BMA after oral administration
of WTD.
Cytotoxic Action of N-aryl, Furan-derived Aminophosphonates against HT29 and HCT116 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Rzeszotarska Edyta , Matusiak Agnieszka , Morawska Marta , Gajek Gabriela , Nowak Karolina , Kontek Renata
Published: November 2018

Background:

The anticancer activity of aminophosphonic derivatives has been described extensively, some
recent papers included furan-derived aminophosphonates and their cytostatic action against various cancer cells.

Objective:

A series of twelve furan-derived dibenzyl and diphenyl aminophosphonates 2a-f and 3a-f was synthesized
and tested in aspect of their cytotoxic action on two cell lines of colorectal cancer: HT29 and HCT116.
Seven of them are new compounds, while the rest five have already been published by us, together with their
cytotoxic action against squamous esophageal cancer cells.

Methods:

To estimate the cytotoxicity effect of tested compounds MTT test was used. Pro-apoptotic activity of
five selected compounds was evaluated using APC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit on a flow cytometer.
Quantification of caspases 3/7 activity was performed using Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay Kit.

Results:

Five of these aminophosphonates showed significant cytotoxicity higher than those of cisplatin. Simultaneous
evaluation of their cytotoxicity against PBLs revealed that these compounds are rather not harmful for
regular human lymphocytes. Tests on apoptosis vs. their necrotic actions on cells were performed with selected
compounds showing the most significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells and all tested compounds did not
induce significant increase of necrosis in cells, whereas they showed moderate-to-strong proapoptotic actions
even at the lowest applied concentration. Caspase 3/7 activity results confirmed proapoptotic properties of tested
aminophosphonates.

Conclusion:

From among studied compounds, dibenzyl N-phenyl substituted amino(2-furyl)methylphsophonates
were found to be more potent compounds in aspect of their antiproliferative action than the corresponding
diphenyl derivatives.
Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin in Neuroinflammatory Disorders: A Mini Review of Current Evidences
Authors: Hatami Mahsa , Abdolahi Mina , Soveyd Neda , Djalali Mahmoud , Togha Mansoureh , Honarvar Niyaz Mohammadzadeh
Published: November 2018

Objective:

Neuroinflammatory disease is a general term used to denote the progressive loss
of neuronal function or structure. Many neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
and multiple sclerosis (MS), occur due to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation increases
nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes and inducible nitric oxide synthase,
resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). It could also lead to cellular deterioration and symptoms of neuroinflammatory
diseases. Recent studies have suggested that curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric)
could alleviate the process of neuroinflammatory disease. Thus, the present mini-review was
conducted to summarize studies regarding cellular and molecular targets of curcumin relevant to neuroinflammatory
disorders.

Methods:

A literature search strategy was conducted for all English-language literature. Studies that
assessed the various properties of curcuminoids in respect of neuroinflammatory disorders were included
in this review.

Results:

The studies have suggested that curcuminoids have significant anti- neuroinflammatory, antioxidant
and neuroprotective properties that could attenuate the development and symptom of neuroinflammatory
disorders. Curcumin can alleviate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through multiple
mechanisms, by reducing inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide and NF-κB
gene expression), and affect mitochondrial dynamics and even epigenetic changes.

Conclusion:

It is a promising subject of study in the prevention and management of the
neuroinflammatory disease. However, controlled, randomized clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate
its clinical potential.
“Branched Tail” Oxyquinoline Inhibitors of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase: Early Evaluation of Toxicity and Metabolism Using Liver-on-a-chip
Authors: Poloznikov Andrey A. , Nikulin Sergey V. , Zakhariants Arpenik A. , Khristichenko Anna Y. , Hushpulian Dmitry M. , Gazizov Ildar N. , Tishkov Vladimir I. , Gazaryan Irina G.
Published: November 2018

Background:

“Branched tail” oxyquinolines, and adaptaquin in particular, are potent HIF
prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors showing promising results in in vivo hemorrhagic stroke models. The further
improvement of the potency resulted in identification of a number of adaptaquin analogs. Early
evaluation of toxicity and metabolism is desired right at the step of lead selection.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to characterize the toxicity and metabolism of adaptaquin and its
new improved analogs.

Method:

Liver-on-a-chip technology with differentiated HepaRG cells followed by LC-MS detection
of the studied compounds and metabolites of the P450 substrate-inhibitor panel for CYP2B6, CYP2C9,
CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.

Results:

The optimized adaptaquin analogs show no toxicity up to a 100-fold increased range over
EC50. The drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 as shown with the use of the cytochrome
P450 substrate-inhibitor panel designed and optimized for preclinical evaluation of drugs’ in vitro
biotransformation on a 3D human histotypical cell model using “liver-on-a-chip” technology. Activation
of CYP2B6 with the drugs tested has been observed. A scheme for adaptaquin oxidative conversion
is proposed.

Conclusion:

The optimized adaptaquin analogs are suitable for further preclinical trials. Activation of
CYP2B6 with adaptaquin and its variants points to a potential increase in Tylenol toxicity if administered
together.
Histone Acetylation Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Neprilysin Gene Expressions in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy
Authors: Malek Vajir , Sharma Nisha , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas
Published: November 2018

Background:

Natriuretic peptide system (NPS) alterations are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN), however its epigenetic regulation is still unclear. Interestingly, histone acetylation epigenetically regulates neprilysin expression in Alzheimer’s disease.

Objectives:

The present study was aimed at delineating role of histone acetylation in regulation of NPS in DCM and DN.

Methods:

Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were used to mimic pathogenesis of DCM and DN. After haemodynamic measurements, all the rat’s plasma, heart and kidney were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, protein isolation and western blotting, RT-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay.

Results:

Diabetic rats heart and kidney exhibited activation of NF-κB and TGF-β signalling with increased histone acetyl transferases (PCAF/CBP) expressions and augmented H2AK5Ac, H2BK5Ac, H3K18Ac, and H4K8Ac levels. ChIP assay results showed increased enrichment of H3K18Ac and H2BK5Ac at Nppa, Nppb (Heart) and Mme promoter (Heart/Kidney) in diabetic rats. Enrichment of H2AK5Ac was augmented on Nppa and Mme promoters in diabetic heart, while it remained unchanged on Nppb promoter in heart and Mme promoter in kidney.

Conclusion:

Augmented histone acetylation at promoter regions of NPS gene(s), at least in a part, is responsible for increased expressions of ANP, BNP and NEP in diabetic heart and kidney. Hence, histone acetylation inhibitors can be considered as novel therapeutic targets against DCM and DN.
A Data Placement Strategy Based on Crow Search Algorithm in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaur Avinash , Gupta Pooja , Singh Manpreet
Published: November 2018

Background:

In cloud computing era, large scale scientific applications process large
amount of data in the data centers. Placing of this data onto a data center is a critical issue performed
as part of workflow management system and aims to find the best data center to place
the data. It has a direct impact on performance, cost and execution time of workflows.

Methods:

In this paper, a novel data placement strategy is proposed based on Crow Search Algorithm
(CSA) that dynamically distributes the data sets to appropriate data centers during runtime
stage of workflow.

Results:

The results obtained b y CSA based run time data placement algorithm are evaluated
with the results of other algorithms. Simulation results acknowledge that using CSA based data
placement algorithm provides appropriate results in comparison to the other algorithms.
Phycoremediation of Municipal Wastewater by the Cold‐Adapted Microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19
Authors: Hage Adam , Luckett Nolan , Holbrook Gabriel P.
Published: November 2018

Present municipal wastewater treatment technologies often require substantial energy inputs, and fail to completely remove nitrate and phosphate before discharging effluent. In contrast, using the cold‐adapted oleaginous microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek 19 decreased levels of both these polluting ions to 0 mg/dL. Concurrent biomass production was greater at 10 °C than at 22 °C, showing that phycoremediation occurred at low temperatures previously thought to be unsuitable for algal‐based treatment. Algal growth with uptake of nitrate and phosphate required only short bursts of aeration to suspend cells and maintain CO2 supply for photosynthesis. To save energy, culture aeration for 1 hour, 4 times per day, including during the dark cycle, yielded cell productivity and phycoremediation nearly equivalent to using 24‐hour aeration. The authors conclude that Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 algae represent an economical effluent treatment at cool temperatures found in the high proportion of water resource recovery facilities in geographical areas experiencing cold winters.
Impact of Nutrient Availability on Tertiary Wastewater Treatment by Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Chamberlin John , Harrison Kristen , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2018

Algae can use excessive nutrients from wastewater effluent to generate beneficial products such as biofuels. However, fluctuation of wastewater characteristics could hinder the implementation of tertiary algal treatment. This study aims to identify the impact of nutrient availability on Chlorella vulgaris's ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and its potential as a biofuel feedstock. Experiments using synthetic wastewater with varying concentrations of nitrate and phosphate showed C. vulgaris continued to remove either nutrient when the other was exhausted. Nitrogen starvation led the algae to accumulate the highest amount of neutral lipid; however, the exhaustion of phosphorus did not produce such impact. Synergistic effect was also observed between C. vulgaris and indigenous microorganisms in nutrient removal from real wastewater effluent. The results showed C. vulgaris can survive in a range of nutrient‐limiting conditions, making tertiary algal treatment applicable following various secondary treatment regimes.
The exclusion of the long-term services from Patients’ Rights Directive – the issue of an ageing population
Authors: Vyshka Klea
Published: November 2018

This paper presents some of the main aspects of the Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare, commonly known as the Patients’ Rights Directive, and as well treats the problematic exclusion of the long-term services from its scope. This Directive represents the latest EU initiative in regard to the European Health Care and the Single Market, but it is observed that the exclusion made by the Member States might lead to conclusions that the PRD is biased against the chronically ill and patients seeking long-term care, especially in an ageing Europe background that emerges in nowadays society.
The Importance of the Assessment of Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Pelčić Goran , Perić Nikša , Pelčić Gordana
Published: November 2018

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive eye disorder that can lead to visual impairment and blindness. The projection of glaucoma prevalence in the world suggests that in 2020, 79,6 million of people will have glaucoma, 11,2 million of them will be bilaterally blind. The chronic disease, such as glaucoma, affects the different roles of a patient in everyday life and his/her well-being. Quality of Life (QoL) helps to define the inability of performing specific task that is most important to patient. Patients’ perspective on their visual impairment and well-being are essential in the planning of management of glaucoma. The assessment of QoL should be standard procedure in the management of glaucoma patients. In clinical practice it should represent a gold standard in the care of chronic patients and a proof of fulfilling the patients’ rights. The assessments of QoL should serve as a tool for good clinical practice, for respecting the patients’ rights, and respect for the value of human life in general.