bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Real Time Technologies in Ruby Web Applications
Authors: Ulanov Aleksandr
Published: December 2022

This research paper is focused on usage of Real Time Technologies specifically with Ruby web applications. Websockets protocol is the most commonly used technology for real time features development, but it is not perfect for all web applications and has its own issues. The study is focusing on comparison of Websockets protocol, Server-Sent Events and Long Polling technique, revealing their pros and cons, and comparing ActionCable, AnyCable, MessageBus libraries for implementing real-time features in Ruby applications. Due to the web framework's stateless nature, long lived connections are blocking web server threads available for regular request-response flow. This is the case for all web servers which are using thread per request model. The study explains how to avoid web server threads blocking in Rack based applications using Rack Hijacking API and what advantages can be obtained when using Long Polling or Server-Sent Events over HTTP/2 protocol instead of using Websockets protocol.
Provision of Students’ Welfare and its Influence on Discipline Management in Public Secondary Schools at Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Owuor Emmily A. , M. Kalai Prof. Jeremiah , Okoth Prof. Ursula
Published: December 2022

Provision of welfare services to students is one way of attaining a solution to depressive symptoms predicted by typical school experiences. Whereas administrators of many secondary schools have put in place various welfare services, public schools in some regions of Kenya such as Kisumu County have continued to experience student indiscipline incidents over the years. The objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of provision of student welfare services on discipline management among public secondary schools at Kisumu County in Kenya. Specifically, the paper analysed how provision of health services influence student discipline and how provision of social support services influence discipline management in public secondary schools. The General Systems Theory advanced by Ludwig von Bertalanffy was adopted to guide the study. This research adopted a cross – sectional survey design on a target population of 225 public secondary schools comprising 225 principals, 225 discipline masters and 225 student council leaders. Yamane’s formula was used to obtain of 144 schools: 144 school principals, 144 discipline masters, and 144 student council leaders, alongside 7 sub county education officers, thus forming 439 as the study sample. Closed ended questionnaire was used to collect data from discipline masters and student council leaders while interviews were done with school principals and sub county education officers. Content validity index and split-have methods were computed to check validity and reliability respectively. Findings showed that there was satisfaction with health (M=4.9; SD=1.23) and social (M=4.81; SD=1.19) service provisions among the secondary schools. It is further illustrated that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between students’ welfare management and students’ discipline (n=137, r=.261, p=.002). It is concluded that provision of appropriate student welfare services can lead to a significant improvement in students’ discipline among public secondary schools. This finding should inform formulation of tailored welfare services to students in every secondary school, and further research ought to be done on the effect of healthcare needs provision on students’ discipline management in public secondary schools.
Influence of Academic Qualification on Employment in Hotels. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Mutuku Caren Waithera
Published: December 2022

Purpose:  The hospitality industry is one of the largest employers and among the highest revenue earners in Kenya. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of parent attitude toward consumption of sugary products by their children.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: This study concluded that established that frequency of consumption of Sugar products varies depending on the type of beverage, and that overall, the more than half of the students’ surveyed reported consuming high amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages. Observations from the study showed that energy drinks were the least consumed while sugar-sweetened beverages like tea, coffee and cocoa were the most highly consumed sugary products. By volume, 300ml packing was most preferred by all respondents across all classes of study. Moderate nutritional knowledge on possible effects of sugary products such as weight gain and dental erosion was observed among respondents.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the ministry of health in conjunction with the ministry of education to incorporate nutritional literacy in the education programs both to the parents and the children to be aware of the demerits of consuming sugary products. This will also contribute to change in attitude and eventually change in behavior.
How common is fatigue across chronic health conditions in children and young people? A systematic review
Authors: Kiesha Kiesha , Loades Maria
Published: December 2022

Fatigue is a common experience for adults with chronic health conditions. Less is understood about the prevalence of fatigue in the paediatric population. This review aimed to synthesise what is known about the point prevalence of fatigue across chronic health conditions within children and young people. Three databases were searched, from January 2000 to July 2021, to identify studies reporting prevalence rates in chronic health conditions in under 18s. Methodological quality was assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cross-Sectional Studies. Twenty-five studies were included. Variations in the assessment of fatigue, across a range of conditions, and heterogenous reporting of prevalence precluded meaningful meta-analysis and so narrative synthesis was completed. Discrepancies in prevalence reports were noted within and across conditions and between child and parent reports but showed fatigue to be more prevalent in those with chronic health conditions compared to healthy peers. Despite discrepancy in prevalence rates of fatigue, some level of fatigue is present across chronic health conditions and tends to be higher in this population compared to healthy peers. Limitations alongside clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Sporen van stadhouders
Authors: Stenvert Ronald
Published: December 2022

In anticipation of the current major restoration of the Binnenhof, the home of the Dutch parliament, building historians conducted research into this historically important complex of buildings in The Hague. This article focuses on the western part of the complex and the role played there by the stadholder and the States of Holland. In the northwest corner of the Binnenhof, an L-shaped Knights’ House arose in the middle of the fourteenth century with a residence for the stadholder on the first floor while the ground floor was used by the States of Holland.

In 1585 Prince Maurits took up residence in this part of the Binnenhof and to underline his status had a tower built on the northwest corner (completed 1604). Later he had his accommodation expanded (1620-1621). His successor Frederik Hendrik further expanded the accommodation with an extruded corner containing private quarters for his son William’s wife (Mary Stuart). With the death of William II in 1650, the first stadholderless period (1650-1672) began. The States of Holland seized on this opportunity to reinforce their claim to the buildings by demolishing part of the recent expansion on the Hofvijver side and building a prominent new meeting place.

As a consequence of the war with the French in 1672, William III became stadholder and to compensate for the lost space he commissioned an expansion of the complex on the south side (1677-1678). After the death of his wife Mary II Stuart, he had a stately house built for his favourite, the 1st Earl of Albemarle, on the south edge of the Prinsentuin in circa 1695. William’s death in 1702 ushered in the second stadholderless period until the threat of war in 1747 led to the appointment of William IV as stadholder. At this point the accommodation at the Binnenhof was deemed to be too small for the court and plans for a new palace were drawn up. What his father had been unable to achieve, William V accomplished. Existing buildings in the southwest corner made way for new stadholder quarters, but not until the States of Holland had built a new Comptoir-Generaal (money office) a little further away in 1777. In 1779 work on new quarters commenced. They consisted of a representative section in the Binnenhof, an apartment for the stadholder with an entrance on the Buitenhof and a service wing – the Cingelhuis – on the south side. The latter replaced the service wing of the Court of Albemarle. The new accommodation was finished by 1792, but just three years later William V was forced into exile, after which the newly formed Batavian Republic turned the ballroom into a meeting room, which served as the chamber of the House of Representatives from 1814 to 1992. The chamber of the States of Holland has been in use by the Senate since 1849.
Book Recommendation System using Machine learning and Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Ashlesha Bachhav  , Apeksha Ukirade  , Nilesh Patil  , Manish Saswadkar  , Prof. Nitin Shivale
Published: December 2022

Nowadays the amount of information available on the internet has got a severe raise recently and people need some instruments to find and access appropriate information. One of such tool is called recommendation. Recommendation systems help to navigate quickly and receive the necessary information. Recommendation system are effective software technique to overcome the problem. Recommendation system can be used in various places one of them is Library. So, in this paper we are going to propose a Book Recommendation System using Collaborative filtering (CF)and Content Based Algorithm to recommend the books to the user according to their likes and information of the books ie. Ratings given by the existing users. The proposed system will give its users the ability to view and search the book, publications and genres category wise using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). SVM will list the most top-rated books based on the subject name given as input and give the ratings. It will also make sure user’s privacy to be maintained.
Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA): Validating a Measure of Functional Cognition for Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Fisher Orit , Berger Itai , Grossman Ephraim S. , Tal-Saban Miri , Maeir Adina
Published: December 2022

Importance: Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulties with executive function and participation in life roles. Ecologically valid performance-based tests (PBTs) are needed to assess functional cognition in this population.

Objective: To examine the known-groups, concurrent, and ecological validity of a functional cognition PBT, the Hebrew version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) Middle/High School Version, among adolescents with and without ADHD.

Design: Cross-sectional between-groups design.

Setting: Community.

Participants: One hundred two adolescents (ages 12–18 yr), with (n = 52) and without (n = 50) ADHD.

Outcomes and Measures: The Hebrew version of the WCPA Middle/High School Version, MOXO™–Continuous Performance Test (MOXO–CPT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) parent form, and Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP).

Results: The results showed significant between-groups differences with medium to large effect sizes for scores on most WCPA measures, with the ADHD group receiving significantly lower scores. Significant correlations in the expected direction were found between scores on the MOXO–CPT Attention and Hyperactivity indices and WCPA measures. Significant correlations were also found between most WCPA measures and the BRIEF Global Executive Composite (GEC) and the CASP. Multiple linear regression on the CASP indicated that the WCPA strategy score and the BRIEF GEC were significant predictors in the model.

Conclusions and Relevance: Results support the known-groups validity of the WCPA Middle/High School Version between adolescents with and without ADHD. Concurrent and ecological validity were supported by significant associations with measures of cognition and participation.

What This Article Adds: These results reinforce the premise that the WCPA Middle/High School Version can be implemented as a valid measure of functional cognition among adolescents with ADHD.
The project of the BTA slitless spectrophotometer
Authors: Панчук В.Е. , Клочкова В.Г. , Юшкин М.В.
Published: December 2022

Рассматривается возможность спектрофотометрии звезд, выполняемой одновременно с наблюдениями на спектрографах высокого разрешения БТА. В разработке использован многолетний опыт спектроскопических наблюдений на БТА, а также опыт работ по спектрографам проекта Спектр-УФ.

The possibility of spectrophotometry of stars performed simultaneously with observations on high-resolution BTA spectrographs is considered. The development used our experience obtained during many years of spectral observations at the BTA, as well as experience in the spectrographs of the Spektr-UV project.
Biobasierte Hybridfasern mit reduzierter Entflammbarkeit
Authors: Bernt Ingo , Bechtold Thomas
Published: December 2022

Durch die Inkorporation von Polykieselsäure in Viskosefasern werden regenerierte Cellulosefasern mit reduzierter Entflammbarkeit erhalten. Die Verarbeitung der Fasern kann mit bestehenden textiltechnischen Verfahren und textilchemischen Prozessen erfolgen. Neben der spezifischen Funktionalität weisen die Textilen den für Viskosefasern typischen guten Tragekomfort auf.
Naturfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe – natürliche Rohstoffe und wie man sie sinnvoll einsetzt
Authors: Gries Thomas , Cloppenburg Frederik , Broening Jonas
Published: December 2022

Im Rahmen des Projekts NaturePerformance werden Naturfasern (NF) und ihre Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Fluktuation innerhalb der mechanischen Eigenschaften, untersucht. Auf Basis der Eigenschaften der NF soll die Auslegung der Endbauteile erleichtert und effizienter gestaltet werden. Dabei wird die am häufigsten verwendete Prozesskette mit den in Europa und Deutschland heimischen Fasern Hanf und Flachs verwendet.
Media-Markt-Saturn verschlankt Struktur
Authors: Holst Jens , Mende Jan , Klug Denise , Stockburger Manfred
Published: December 2022

Media-Markt-Saturn will mehr administrative Aufgaben in den Filialen digitalisieren. In diesem Zuge wird die Zahl der kaufmännischen Geschäftsführer reduziert.
„Wir erzielen ein klares Umsatzwachstum“
Authors: Tewes Werner
Published: December 2022

Thomas Hewer (48) ist seit drei Monaten Chef des Globus-Kerngeschäfts in Deutschland. Wohin er das Unternehmen steuern will, erklärt er im Interview.
Bei Infarm geht die Saat nicht auf
Authors: Kitzmann Marco
Published: December 2022

Infarm tritt auf die Kostenbremse und trennt sich von mehr als der Hälfte seiner Belegschaft. Das Startup gibt „eskalierenden Energiepreisen“ und „schwierigen Finanzmärkten“ die Schuld.
Verbraucherschützer fordern mehr Nutri-Score in den Regalen
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: December 2022

Die freiwillige Nährwertkennzeichnung „Nutri-Score“ bietet Orientierung, wird aber zu selten angegeben und kontrolliert. Das ergibt ein aktueller Marktcheck der Verbraucherzentralen.
Schönheit für jedermann
Authors: Kühn Iki
Published: December 2022

Zunehmend greifen im Alltag auch Männer zu Make-up. Hersteller sehen das Potenzial und wollen sie vor allem über eine gezielte Ansprache erreichen. Influencer dürfen dabei nicht fehlen. Iki Kühn
Food-Branche schnallt Werbegürtel enger
Authors: Rück Daniela
Published: December 2022

Werbungtreibende wie Lidl oder Procter&Gamble behalten wieder im Oktober ihren Sparkurs bei. Aber auch über alle Branchen hinweg sinken die Investitionen auf ein neues Jahrestief.
Lohngefälle lähmt Dialogbereitschaft
Authors: Wittenhagen Julia
Published: December 2022

Sieben Wochen lang haben Beschäftigte von Riesa Teigwaren mit Unterstützung der Gewerkschaft NGG gestreikt. Medienwirksam wurde das Lohngefälle zwischen Deutschland Ost und West und der fehlende Mindestlohnabstand angeprangert. Das Beispiel macht deutlich, wie schwierig Tarifverhandlungen in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern geworden sind.
Was macht einen Ballotin Planet Friendly?
Authors:   Thomas Röhl
Published: December 2022

Als Erfinder der belgischen Praline ist Neuhaus ein Symbol für Innovation. Denn in Zeiten des Klimawandels ist heute nichts innovativer, als seinen Beitrag für eine nachhaltige Zukunft zu leisten. Welche Rolle die Verpackung dabei spielt, zeigt der Beitrag.
Produkte „Ohne Gentechnik“ in Gefahr
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: December 2022

Die EU-Kommission will das Gentechnikrecht überarbeiten. Der Glaubenskrieg um die biotechnologischen Verfahren in der Pflanzenzüchtung gewinnt damit erneut an Fahrt. Deren Befürworter und Gegner bringen sich im Vorfeld mit ihren Argumenten in Stellung. Auf Bundesebene setzt sich die FDP für eine Deregulierung ein.
Kyriakides ist offen für Zugeständnisse
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: December 2022

Brüssel. Großer Widerstand regt sich bei den Europaabgeordneten aus dem Agrarausschuss. Die EU-Kommission solle ihren Vorschlag für die Halbierung des Einsatzes von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln zurückziehen. Oder die Behörde müsse zumindest die Verhandlungen unterbrechen, bis sie eine weitere Folgenabschätzung vorlegt, lauten die Forderungen der Kritiker.
Der Sprung von der Ausbildung ins Business
Authors: Schaal René
Published: December 2022

Beim Agrarkarrieretag an der Universität Bonn präsentieren sich nächste Woche führende Unternehmen aus der Agrarwirtschaft. Die Veranstaltung richtet sich an Agrarstudenten der Fachhochschulen und Universitäten, aber auch an Studierende fachverwandter Studiengänge wie die Biologie, Umwelt- oder Ernährungswissenschaften. Zusätzlich sind Berufsschüler eingeladen, sich über ihre Jobchancen in der Agrarbranche kundig zu machen.
Die Durststrecke scheint vorbei
Authors: Schirmacher Henrike
Published: December 2022

Berlin. Der Deutsche Bauernverband hat seinen jährlichen Situationsbericht in Berlin vorgestellt. Die wirtschaftliche Lage auf den Höfen hat sich offenbar positiv entwickelt. Die Schweinehaltung umfasst das allerdings nicht.
Düngemittelmarkt mit neuen Vorzeichen
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: December 2022

Die hohen Energiepreise mischen den EU-Düngemittelmarkt auf. Hersteller von Mineraldünger drosseln ihre Produktion, weil sie kaum noch wettbewerbsfähig sind. Wirtschaftsdünger gerät in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Gülle, bisher ein ungeliebtes Abfallprodukt, könnte künftig ein Rohstoff für hochwertige Düngemittel werden.
Höhere Auflagen für Rinderställe gefordert
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: December 2022

Brüssel. Große Rinderställe sollen künftig in die EU-Richtlinie für Industrieemissionen einbezogen werden. Das fordert der Umweltausschuss im Europaparlament. Das hätte schärfere Auflagen zur Folge.
Am Anfang steht der Wasserstoff
Authors: Schaal René
Published: December 2022

Ammoniak ist eine wichtige Grundchemikalie und Ausgangsstoff für die Produktion von Stickstoffdüngern. Die Synthese nach dem Haber-Bosch-Verfahren ist energieaufwendig und benötigt neben dem aus der Luft gewonnenen Stickstoff auch Wasserstoff, der aktuell noch überwiegend aus Erdgas stammt. Die Ammoniaksynthese soll mittelfristig auf „grün“ umgestellt werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass der Wasserstoff durch Elektrolyse von Wasser hergestellt und der Energiebedarf entlang der Produktionskette ausschließlich durch erneuerbare Quellen gedeckt wird.
In Europa tut sich was
Authors: Schaal René
Published: December 2022

Ammoniak ist eine wichtige Grundchemikalie und Ausgangsstoff für die Produktion von Stickstoffdüngern. Die Synthese nach dem Haber-Bosch-Verfahren ist energieaufwendig und benötigt neben dem aus der Luft gewonnenen Stickstoff auch Wasserstoff, der aktuell noch überwiegend aus Erdgas stammt. Die Ammoniaksynthese soll mittelfristig auf „grün“ umgestellt werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass der Wasserstoff durch Elektrolyse von Wasser hergestellt und der Energiebedarf entlang der Produktionskette ausschließlich durch erneuerbare Quellen gedeckt wird.
DSI-Report 2022 verliert an Bedeutung
Authors: Dänzer Dieter
Published: December 2022

FRANKFURT a.M. Starke Marken spielen eine ganz wesentliche Rolle, wenn es um den Unternehmenserfolg der Landmaschinen-Fachhändler geht.
„Einmalige Chance“
Authors: Vetter Bernhard
Published: December 2022

Volles Haus schon gleich zu Beginn: Der sechste von AgroBrain zusammen mit der agrarzeitung und dem VDL Berufsverband Agrar, Ernährung, Umwelt organisierte Agrarkarrieretag im Hörsaalzentrum Poppelsdorf der Universität Bonn traf auf großes Interesse.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS HOSPITALARES NO PERÍODO DO ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL DECORRENTE DA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Leão Laura , Novaes Denize Amaral , Trindade Luiz Fernando dos Anjos , Carvalho Marilene Martins de , Mendonça Suellen Gomes , Gouveia Filho Antônio Carlos Almeida
Published: December 2022

Esse artigo buscou analisar as práticas pedagógicas hospitalares no período do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia COVID-19. O tipo da pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, pois buscou descrever o fenômeno da Pedagogia Hospitalar em que descobrimos com precisão os fatos e relações que percorreram no período do isolamento social. Foi acessado o Google Acadêmico, Portal Periódico da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), a partir dos descritores “Pedagogia Hospitalar” e “Pedagogia Hospitalar na pandemia”, onde selecionamos trabalhos que foram publicados no período de 2020 à 2022. Foram analisados apenas 5 (cinco) artigos, pois é um tema pouco abordado no universo científico. Dessa forma, compreendemos que a educação vai além do campo escolar, com espaços educativos não formais crescendo no Brasil por meio de grupos sociais, organizações não governamentais, instituições privadas e religiosas. Concluímos que no período do isolamento social, os profissionais desenvolveram projetos de intervenções e estudos que garantam aos alunos-pacientes o direito de uma educação de qualidade.
Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the oxidation of limonene by OH radical: significant contribution of H-abstraction pathway
Authors: Luo Hao , Vereecken Luc , Shen Hongru , Kang Sungah , Pullinen Iida , Hallquist Mattias , Fuchs Hendrik , Wahner Andreas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Mentel Thomas F. , Zhao Defeng
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Therefore, the distribution and yields of HOM are fundamental to understand their fate and chemical evolution in the atmosphere, and it is conducive to ultimately assess the impact of SOA on air quality and climate change. In this study, gas-phase HOM formed from the reaction of limonene with OH radical in photooxidation were investigated in the SAPHIR chamber (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber) using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with nitrate reagent ion (NO3−-CIMS). A large number of HOM, including monomers (C9–10) and dimers (C17–20), were detected and classified into various families. Both closed-shell products and open-shell peroxy radicals (RO2), were identified under low NO (0.1 ppt–~0.2 ppb) and high NO conditions (17 ppb). C10 monomers are the most abundant HOM products and account for over 80 % total HOM. Closed-shell C10 monomers were formed from two peroxy radical familie, C10H15Ox•(x=7–12) and C10H17Ox•(x=8–13), and their respective termination reactions with NO, RO2, and HO2. While C10H17Ox• is likely formed by OH addition to C10H16, the dominant initial step of limonene+OH, C10H15Ox•, is likely formed via H-abstraction by OH. C10H15Ox• and related products contributed 43 % and 46 % of C10-HOM at low and high NO, demonstrating that H-abstraction pathways play a significant role in HOM formation in the reaction of limonene+OH. Combining theoretical kinetic calculations, structure activity relationships (SARs), literature data, and the observed RO2 intensities, we proposed tentative mechanisms of HOM formation from both pathways. We further estimated the molar yields of HOM to be 3.04−1.64+3.89 % and 0.82−0.44+1.05 % at low and high NO, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of H-abstraction by OH and provides yield and tentative pathways in the OH oxidation of limonene to simulate the HOM formation and assess their role in SOA formation.
17O-excess of grass phytoliths record daytime air relative humidity at a natural Mediterranean site
Authors: Voigt Claudia , Alexandre Anne , Reiter Ilja M. , Orts Jean-Philippe , Vallet-Coulomb Christine , Piel Clément , Mazur Jean-Charles , Aleman Julie C. , Sonzogni Corinne , Miche Helene , Ogée Jérôme
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths (17O-excessphyto) can provide key information on past atmospheric relative humidity (RH) over land. Here, we examined how leaf-to-air temperature gradients and changes in the silica polymerization rate in response to stomatal conductance influence the interpretation of 17O-excessphyto in terms of RH. Further, we assessed the reliability of a theoretical isotope model of leaf water evaporation to predict the triple oxygen isotope composition of leaf water on diurnal and seasonal scale. For this purpose, we monitored a grass plot within a natural Mediterranean woodland for one year. We measured in particular the isotope composition of atmospheric water vapor and plot-scale grass leaf temperatures – two variables that are often only estimated. Grass leaf blades were collected in different seasons and over a 24-hour period for leaf water and phytolith isotope analysis. We found that the steady state model reliably predicts the triple oxygen isotope composition of leaf water during daytime but remains sensitive to uncertainties on the leaf-to-air temperature difference. Deviations from isotope steady state at night are well represented by the non-steady state model. In our study, the 17O-excessphyto best reflects average daytime RH over the growth period, rather than daily RH. Average daytime leaf-to-air temperature gradients of less than 2 °C introduce an insignificant bias to the RH estimate. The results also confirm the established triple oxygen isotope fractionation factors between phytoliths and leaf water. The findings of this study help to better understand how to interpret 17O-excessphyto of fossil phytolith assemblages in terms of past RH.
When climate and human interactions threaten soil and water resources through hyper sedimentation: example of El Niño events (1978–2019 period), Poechos Reservoir, Northern Peru
Authors: Foucher Anthony , Morera Sergio , Sanchez Michael , Orrillo Jhon , Evrard Olivier
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Although Extreme El Niño Events (EENE) have always impacted hydrology in South America, their intensification by global warming and their association with changes in human activities and land cover may lead to the acceleration of sediment transfers in river systems and dam reservoirs. This situation may threaten soil and water resources in a region highly dependent on freshwater originating from large dams. In this study, we investigated the sediment sequence accumulated in the Poechos reservoir (Northern Peru) and provided a retrospective reconstruction of the interactions of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), agricultural practices and vegetation cover changes on sediment dynamics (1978–2019). To this end, a sediment core was dated and characterized by physical and chemical analyses (e.g. scanner tomography, X-ray fluorescence, particle size analysis) for estimating the evolution of sedimentation rates and changes in sediment sources during the last five decades. Sediment tracing results indicated the occurrence of changes in sediment sources associated with positive and negative phases of the Central and East Pacific Index (C and E index), with a greater contribution of the lowland dry forest biome in comparison to that of the Andean source to sediment during the warm periods (El Niño events, ENE), (mean contribution of 76 %, up to 90 % during the Coastal El Niño Events (CENE) of 2016–2017). Overall, the development of agriculture within the fluvial plains of the dry forest biome upstream of the Poechos dam induced an acceleration of sedimentation rates by 140 % after 1997, with an accumulation of coarser sediment in the reservoir during ENE and EENE. This study suggests that the expansion of agriculture (e.g. agriculture in floodplains, deforestation) associated with a higher frequency of extreme rainfall events amplified the consequences of ENE, EENE and CENE on the quantity and quality of sediment transported by this river system, which will significantly decrease the lifespan of the dam reservoir essential to meet freshwater demands of the farmers and the populations living in this region.
Improved process representation of leaf phenology significantly shifts climate sensitivity of ecosystem carbon balance
Authors: Norton Alexander J. , Bloom A. Anthony , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Levine Paul A. , Ma Shuang , Braghiere Renato K. , Smallman Luke T.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Terrestrial carbon cycle models are routinely used to determine the response of the land carbon sink under expected future climate change, yet these predictions remain highly uncertain. Increasing the realism of processes in these models may help with predictive skill, but any such addition should be confronted with observations and evaluated in the context of the aggregate behavior of the carbon cycle. Here, two formulations for leaf area index (LAI) phenology are coupled to the same terrestrial biosphere model, one is climate agnostic and the other incorporates direct environmental controls on both timing and growth. Each model is calibrated simultaneously to observations of LAI, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and biomass using the CARbon DAta-MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM), and validated against withheld data including eddy covariance estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re), across six ecosystems from the tropics to high-latitudes. Both model formulations show similar predictive skill for LAI and NEE. However, with the addition of direct environmental controls on LAI, the integrated model explains 22 % more variability in GPP and Re, and reduces biases in these fluxes by 58 % and 77 %, respectively, while also predicting more realistic annual litterfall rates, due to changes in carbon allocation and turnover. We extend this analysis to evaluate the inferred climate sensitivity of LAI and NEE with the new model, and show that the added complexity shifts the sign, magnitude, and seasonality of NEE sensitivity to precipitation and temperature. This highlights the benefit of process complexity when inferring underlying processes from Earth observations and in representing the climate response of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Paleontology-themed comics and graphic novels, their potential for scientific outreach, and the bilingual graphic novel EUROPASAURUS – Life on Jurassic Islands
Authors: Wings Oliver , Fischer Jan , Knüppe Joschua , Ahlers Henning , Körnig Sebastian , Perl Arila-Maria
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The first part of this article gives an overview of influential comics and graphic novels on paleontological themes from the last twelve decades. Through different forms of representation and narration, both clichés and the latest findings from paleontological research are presented in comics in an entertaining way for a broad audience. As a result, comics are often chroniclers of 20th century scientific history and contemporary paleoart. The second part of this article deals with the development of the bilingual graphic novel EUROPASAURUS – Life on Jurassic Islands, which communicates knowledge from universities as well as museums to the public. This non-verbal comic presents the results of a paleontological research project on a Late Jurassic terrestrial biota from northern Germany in both a scientifically accurate as well as an easily understandable way, based on the way of life of various organisms and their habitats. Insights into the creative process, the perception of the book by the public, and ideas on how to raise public awareness of such a project are discussed.
Atmospheric conditions favouring extreme precipitation and flash floods in temperate regions of Europe
Authors: Meyer Judith , Neuper Malte , Mathias Luca , Zehe Erwin , Pfister Laurent
Published: December 2022

Abstract. In recent years, flash floods have repeatedly occurred in
temperate regions of central western Europe. Unlike in Mediterranean
catchments, this flooding behaviour is unusual. In the past (especially
in the 1990s), floods have been characterized by predictable, slowly rising water
levels during winter and driven by westerly atmospheric fluxes. Here, we
explore potential links and causes between the recent occurrence of flash
floods in central western Europe to extreme precipitation and specific
atmospheric conditions. We hypothesize that a change in atmospheric
conditions has led to more frequent extreme precipitation events that have
subsequently triggered flash flood events in central western Europe. To test
this hypothesis, we compiled data on flash floods in central western Europe
and selected precipitation events above 40 mm h−1 from radar data
(the RADOLAN “Radar-Online-Adjustment” dataset from the German Weather Service). Moreover, we identified proxy parameters representative of
extreme precipitation favouring atmospheric conditions from the ERA5
reanalysis dataset. High specific humidity (q) in the lower troposphere (q≥0.004 kg kg−1), sufficient latent instability (convective available potential energy (CAPE) ≥ 327 J kg−1), and weak wind speeds between 10 m a.g.l. and 500 hPa (WS10m-500hPa≤6 m s−1) proved to be characteristic of intense rainfall that can potentially
trigger flash floods. We relied on linear models to analyse 40 years worth (1981–2020) of atmospheric parameters as well as related
precipitation events. We found significant increases in the atmospheric moisture
content and increases in atmospheric instability. Parameters representing
the motion and organization of convective systems remained largely unchanged
in the considered period (1981–2020); however, the number of precipitation
events, their maximum 5 min intensities, and their hourly sums were
characterized by large interannual variations, and no trends could be
identified between 2002 and 2020. Our study shows that there is no single
mechanistic path leading from atmospheric conditions to extreme
precipitation and subsequently to flash floods. The interactions between the
processes involved are so intricate that more analyses which consider other potentially relevant factors, such as intra-annual
precipitation patterns or catchment-specific parameters, are required.
Dynamics of the snow grain size in a windy coastal area of Antarctica from continuous in-situ spectral albedo measurements
Authors: Arioli Sara , Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurent , Favier Vincent
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The grain size of the superficial snow layer is a key determinant of the surface albedo in Antarctica. Its evolution is the result of multiple interacting processes, such as dry and wet metamorphism, melt, snow drift and precipitation. Among them, snow drift has the least known and least predictable impact. The goal of this study is to relate the variations of surface snow grain size to these processes in a windy location of the Antarctic coast. For this, we retrieved the daily grain size from 5 year-long in-situ observations of the spectral albedo recorded by a new multi-band albedometer, unique in terms of autonomy and described here for the first time. An uncertainty assessment and a comparison with satellite-retrieved grain size were carried out to verify the reliability of the instrument and an RMSE up to 0.16 mm on the observed grain size was found. By relating these in-situ measurements to timeseries of snow drift, surface temperature, snow surface height and snowfall, we established that the evolution of the grain size in the presence of snow drift is complex and follows two possible pathways: 1) A decrease in the grain size (about half of our measurements) resulting from the deposition of small grains advected by the wind. Surprisingly, this decreases is often (2/3 of the cases) associated with a decrease of the surface height, i.e. a net erosion over the drift episode, 2) an increase of the grain size (the other half) either due to the removal of the surface layer, or metamorphism. However, we note that this increase is often limited with respect to the increase predicted by a theoretical metamorphism model, suggesting that a concomitant deposition of small grains is likely. At last, we found that wind also completely impedes the deposition of snowfall during half of the observed precipitation events. When this happens, the grain size evolves as if precipitation was not occurring. As a result of all these processes, we conclude that the grain size in a windy area remains more stable than it would be in the absence of snow drift, hence limiting the variations of the albedo and of the radiative energy budget.
Comment on Dunbar et al. (2022) “Webslinger vs. Dark Knight: First record of a false widow spider Steatoda nobilis preying on a pipistrelle bat in Britain”
Authors: Dool Serena E. , Uhl Gabriele
Published: December 2022

Abstract. A recent publication in Ecosphere claimed to report the first case of a predation event by a theridiid spider on a bat globally and the first case of a member of the genus Steatoda preying on a mammal globally, and the paper concludes with possible implications for public health. Predation is typically understood to mean “capture, kill, and eat”. However, none of these aspects had been observed. Moreover, key aspects of bat biology were not taken into account, including that the bat in question was a flightless newborn, the capture of which would require some explanation. We revisit this interesting observation considering both bat and spider ecology.
The Jensen wind farm parameterization
Authors: Ma Yulong , Archer Cristina L. , Vasel-Be-Hagh Ahmadreza
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Wind farm power production is known to be significantly affected by turbine wakes. When mesoscale numerical models are used to predict power production, the turbine wakes cannot be resolved directly because they are sub-grid features, and therefore their effects need to be parameterized. Here we propose a new wind farm parameterization that is based on the Jensen model, a well-known analytical wake model that predicts the expansion and wind speed of an ideal wake. The Jensen parameterization is implemented and inserted into two commonly used atmospheric numerical models: the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (herein referred to as just “WRF”) and the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS). In addition, the internal variability in wind speed and direction within a wind farm, the wind direction uncertainty, and the superposition of multiple wakes are taken into account with an innovative approach. The proposed approach and parameterization are tested against observational data at two offshore wind farms: Lillgrund (small in size and tightly spaced) and Anholt (large and widely spaced). Results indicate that power production is predicted more accurately with the Jensen wind farm parameterization than with the Fitch wind farm parameterization, which is the only one available in WRF. Power predictions with the Jensen parameterization are similar in WRF and MPAS. The sensitivity to grid resolution is small, and the bias is generally low and negative. In conclusion, we recommend that the Jensen wind farm parameterization be used in WRF and MPAS, especially for coarse resolution, high turbine density, and wind directions aligned with the turbine columns.
An Introduction to Pennsylvania Legal Research for Academic Librarians and Researchers
Authors: Egler Peter J
Published: December 2022

This article reviews electronic Pennsylvania legal research resources available to academic librarians and researchers, the structure of the Pennsylvania state government, and the types of information published by each branch of the government. The executive branch publishes the Pennsylvania Bulletin (the state’s administrative register) and the Pennsylvania Code (the state’s administrative code). The laws passed by the Pennsylvania state legislature are codified in two separate statutory codes: Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes and Pennsylvania Statutes. The legislature also publishes legislative history for statutes that can help to determine the intent of the legislature when the law was passed. The Pennsylvania courts consist of trial courts, two intermediate appellate courts, and a supreme court. All levels of courts publish case decisions and rules to govern court procedure. Citators help to determine whether a case decision is still valid.
First Record of the Predatory Insects, Androthrips ramachandrai (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and Montandoniola indica Yamada (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on the Pest Thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in Turkey
Authors: PEHLİVAN Serkan , ATAKAN Ekrem , ACHIRI Tange Denis , YAMADA Kazutaka
Published: December 2022

The Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), is widely distributed to the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and causing damage to Ficus microcarpa var. nitida plants. Biological control of G. ficorum has a crucial role to maintain the population density of this pest insect at an acceptable level on Ficus trees. For this reason, to determine the potential biological control agents of this pest, survey studies have been done in Adana and Mersin provinces. The Androthrips ramachandarai (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and the Montandoniola indica Yamada (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were reported for the first time in Turkey in 2020 on G. ficorum that damaging young leaves of the F. microcarpa. Brief diagnoses of G. ficorum and both predatory species were provided. A total of 249 adults of A. ramachandrai and 461 individuals of M. indica were detected in the galled leaves infested with G. ficorum. Moreover, 1959 adults, 1335 immatures and 11851 eggs of G. ficorum were also recorded. There was a positive relationship between pest eggs-A. ramachandrai adults and pest larvae-M. indica adults. Ratios of prey/predatory insects indicated that the predators might have the capability in suppressing the pest thrips on Ficus trees.
The Capture Effect of Yellow Sticky Traps of Different Tones on Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae) in Almond Orchards
Authors: ÖZGEN İnanç , GNEZDILOV Viladimir M.
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of yellow traps of different tones against Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhycha: Issidae: Hysteropterinae) in almond orchards in Yurtbaşı District of Elazığ Province between May to July of 2018. In this study, planthopper individuals were caught in eight different yellow-toned traps and counted for 14 days. It has been determined that most planthopper individuals were attracted by the yellow color tone with trap codes 1016 (4) and 0279 (5). It is considered that this color tone is mostly effective for the attraction of A. bilobum in almond orchards. Accordingly, positive results can be obtained from using this kind of yellow tone trap by the producers to prevent the harm of A. bilobum to almonds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report related to the capture effect of yellow sticky traps on the Issidae species .
Host-Feeding Patterns of Mosquito Species in Aras Valley, Turkey
Authors: BEDİR Hilal , DEMİRCİ Berna , VATANSEVER Zati
Published: December 2022

Identifying hosts of blood-feeding mosquito species is important to elucidate the role of vector species in disease transmission cycles. Herein, the aim was to identify the vertebrate hosts of mosquito species using the polymerase chain reaction-based reverse line blotting method. The mosquito species were Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato Meigen, 1818; Aedes caspius Pallas, 1771; Aedes vexans Meigen, 1830; Culex theileri Theobald, 1903; Anopheles hyrcanus Pallas 1771; Culex pipiens sensu lato Linnaeus, 1758; and Culiseta annulata Schrank, 1776, which were collected from the Aras Valley between July-August 2012 and June-September 2013. The analysis of mosquito blood-meal samples revealed several mammalian and avian host species. And also varying degrees of opportunistic mosquito feeding behavior in both birds and mammals were noted. These mosquito species fed on eight mammal species, i.e., humans, cows, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, goats, and porcupines, as well as avian species. Studies on the host-feeding patterns of blood-feeding vector arthropods may provide information about the vector potential of these species. However, the host-feeding patterns of the vector species are only one part of the vector capacity. To detect the exact potential of vector species, further studies are needed on vector competence for different pathogens.
Preliminary Study of the Relationship Between Caddisfly Larvae and Environmental Variables in Şimşir Stream (Karabük, TURKEY)
Authors: EKİNGEN Pınar
Published: December 2022

Şimşir Stream is located in Yenice Forest, which has been selected as one of the 100 forest hotspots with high biodiversity and needs urgent protection, and the study area includes two protection zones. Determining the current situation in an area that has not yet been exposed to human influence helps to monitor the response of the rivers in cases that may arise later, such as climate change, pollution, land use, and morphological degradation. Trichoptera are one of the most important groups of macroinvertebrates used to assess such disturbances in streams. Trichoptera larvae were collected from 8 stations along the Şimşir Stream during 2019 and 2020 seasonally by kick-sampling. During this investigation, 17 genera belonging to 15 families were identified. Environmental variables were recorded to determine the relationship with larvae. Most of the stations, except the station located on the tributary, showed positive correlations with water velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, and stream width. It was found that the rate of the boulder in the substrate was one of the most important variables affecting the distribution of larvae. The only station that was sampled in the tributary of the stream had different taxa from other stations, and this showed the contribution of the tributary to the fauna.
Microbial colonisation of low-quality fodders in the bovine rumen
Authors:   , Abbasabadi Mahsa
Published: December 2022

Sugarcane bagasse has a recalcitrant structure and is considered low-quality fodder. This thesis used thermochemical processes to convert sugarcane bagasse into nutritionally enhanced animal feed. Thermochemical treatments were developed at pilot scale to destruct bagasse structure and improve its digestibility. The digestibility and microbial colonisation of untreated and treated sugarcane bagasse samples were evaluated in the bovine rumen. Alkaline thermochemical treatment improved the digestibility of bagasse and changed the microbial communities that were involved in the degradation of bagasse in the bovine rumen. This study provides new insights into thermochemical conversion of low-quality fodders to nutritionally enhanced animal feed.