bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partisipasi Pedagang Dalam Melakukan Pemilahan Sampah di Pasar Baru Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Yulianto Beny
Published: July 2017

Sampah diartikan sebagai sesuatu yang tidak digunakan lagi, tidak terpakai, tidak disenangi, atau sesuatu yang dibuang, yang berasal dari kegiatan manusia dan tidak terjadi dengan sendirinya. Pasar merupakan salah satu tempat kegiatan manusia yang menghasilkan sampah dalam jumlah besar setiap harinya, bila sistem pemilahan sampah tidak baik maka akan menimbulkan dampak terhadap kesehatan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi pedagang dalam pemilahan sampah di Pasar Baru Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan April 2015, dengan jumlah sampel berjumlah 79 pedagang. Teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Analisis data dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan (OR = 2,60  ; CI: 1,08-3,67), sosialisasi (OR = 3,10; CI: 2,58-5,99), dan ketersediaan sarana tempat pembuangan sampah (OR = 8,25 ; CI: 2,98-7,55) dengan partisipasi pemilahan sampah. Disarankan pihak pasar memberikan peraturan tertulis, sanksi atau leaflet tentang partisipasi dalam pemilahan sampah agar pedagang sadar dan peduli terhadap pentingnya pemilahan sampah.
Faktor Ibu yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Persalinan Lama di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru
Authors: Ardhiyanti Yulrina , Susanti Susi
Published: July 2017

Persalinan lama merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian ibu dan janin. Pada ibu dapat menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi, kehabisan tenaga, dehidrasi, dan perdarahan post partum. Pada janin dapat menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi, cedera dan asfiksia. Persalinan lama dipengaruhi oleh faktor ibu, faktor janin, dan faktor jalan lahir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor ibu yang berhubungan dengan kejadian persalinan lama.  Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Arifin Achmad pada tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian case control. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 orang ibu yang mengalami persalinan lama sebagai kasus dan 24 orang ibu yang bersalin normal sebagai kontrol. Prosedur pengambilan sampel untuk kasus dengan cara total populasi dan pengambilan sampel untuk kontrol menggunakan teknik Systematic Random Sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan lembar ceklis dengan variabel dependen persalinan lama, yaitu : persalinan memanjang yang berlangsung >18 jam dimulai dari tanda–tanda persalinan yang tercantum dalam diagnosa pada file/status ibu, variabel independen meliputi : usia, paritas dan his. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi–square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan usia dengan kejadian persalinan lama (OR : 4,000; 95% CI : 1,583–46,277), terdapat hubungan paritas dengan kejadian persalinan lama (OR : 3,400; 95% CI : 1,027–11,257) dan terdapat hubungan his dengan kejadian persalinan lama (OR : 9,308; 95% CI : 1,778–48,723). Sebaiknya RSUD Arifin Achmad sebagai fasilitas kesehatan terdepan dalam pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya dengan memberikan penanganan segera persalinan dengan komplikasi yang memerlukan tindakan segera sehingga dapat mengurangi Angka Kematian Ibu dan Angka Kematian Bayi.
Identificación del modelo de un motor de DC mediante métodos gráficos y métodos paramétricos
Authors: VERDUGO ORMAZA DIEGO , MATA QUEVEDO JEAN , CORONEL GONZALEZ CESAR , GONZALEZ REDROVAN TRAJANO
Published: July 2017

Este artículo presenta el estudio para conseguir el modelo de un motor-generador (planta), se emplean métodos gráficos o paramétricos que nos servirán como herramientas para representar dicho sistema de forma matemática. Se han adquirido muestras a través de una DAQ del comportamiento del sistema ante un escalón y una señal PRBS, los datos obtenidos se procesaron a través del software MATLAB y el toolbox IDENT, donde por medio de  criterios de selección se obtiene un modelo ARX. Las técnicas estudiadas fueron: identificación paramétrica con la aplicación de una señal PRBS y estructura de modelo ARX e identificación no paramétrica con la aplicación de métodos gráficos. Luego se realiza una comparación entre los datos reales con los diferentes métodos aplicados y se obtiene que las respuestas son muy similares. La identificación de sistemas nos sirve para construir modelos matemáticos de sistemas dinámicos basándonos en los datos observados, con lo cual se tiene un conjunto de técnicas para levantar un proceso.

Abstract

This article presents the study to obtain the model of an engine-generator system (plant), we use graphical or parametric methods that will serve as tools to represent said system in a mathematical way. The signs were acquired through a DAQ system behavior before a step and PRBS signal, the data was processed through MATLAB software and IDENT toolbox, where through selection criteria described subsequently obtained an ARX model. The techniques studied were: parametric identification with the application of a PRBS signal and ARX model structure and non-parametric identification with the application of graphic methods. Then a comparison is made between the actual data with the different methods applied and it is obtained that the answers are very similar. The identification of systems serves to construct mathematical models of dynamic systems based on observed data, which has a set of techniques to build a process.
Ingreso de lecturas de consumo de agua potable en EMAPAL-Azogues, a través de dispositivos móviles
Authors: Cuenca Tapia Juan , Ortega Castro Juan
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mejorar el registro de las lecturas de consumo del líquido vital sobre los medidores domiciliarios de los usuarios de la Empresa de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Azogues-EMAPAL, mediante una aplicación tecnológica, la misma que brindará a los lectores/digitadores, mejores condiciones de trabajo, permitiendo de esta manera la actualización inmediata de los datos. La  funcionalidad de la aplicación permite que, gracias al creciente uso de sistemas de comunicación móviles y su ayuda a la interrelación entre personas, empresas y proyectos,  el lector ingrese mediante el dispositivo móvil, SmartPhone o una Tablet con sistema operativo Android, a la aplicación vinculada a la base de datos, el cual digitará la lectura actual del medidor en la aplicación y automáticamente actualizará la base de datos, considerando que el tiempo estimado en digitalizar las lecturas en la base de datos es de 15 días aproximadamente, con la aplicación móvil se evita la re-digitalización y directamente se procede a realizar los reportes diarios de las lecturas realizadas para la elaboración de facturas.

Abstract

This article is developed for the reason that EMAPAL-Azogues requires to improve the registration of the consumption of the vital liquid on the home meters of the users, through a technological application, which will provide the readers / digitizers better working conditions, allowing them the immediate updating of the data. The functionality of the application allows, thanks to the growing use of mobile communication systems and its help to the interrelation between people, companies and projects; The reader can enter via the mobile device, it can be a Smart Phone or a Tablet with Android operating system, the application linked to the database, which will enter the current meter reading in the application and automatically update the database, Considering that the estimated time to digitize the readings in the database is approximately 15 days, with the mobile application, a re-digitization is avoided and the daily reports of the readings made for the billing proces.
Selección de Árboles Semilleros en Plantaciones Forestales de la Península de Santa Elena. Ecuador.
Authors: Valladolid Ontaneda Juan , León Mejía Ángel , Paredes Flores Daniel
Published: July 2017

El estudio de selección de árboles semilleros se realizó en las comunas Olón, Dos Mangas y Salanguillo del cantón Santa Elena, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. El objetivo del estudio fue, identificar, caracterizar y seleccionar árboles semilleros de especies maderables con buenas características morfológicas, y que permitan disponer de semillas para trabajos de propagación de especies forestales en viveros con fines de reforestación. El estudio se inicia con la identificación y ubicación de plantaciones forestales de varias especies forestales establecidas entre los años 2000 a 2005, en las plantaciones se evaluaron las características dasométricas y morfológicas, las que permitieron seleccionar 11 árboles con características morfológicas deseables correspondientes a cinco especies forestales laurel blanco(Cordia alliodora), laurel negro(Cordia megalantha), caoba (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela odorata) y melina (Gmelina arbórea); cada árbol fue georreferenciado utilizando coordenadas UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zona 17M. La cantidad de semillas que pueden producir dichas especies forestales es proyectada por año la cual servirá como referencia para establecer programas de reforestación con materiales propios y adaptados a las condiciones ambientales en la provincia de Santa Elena

Abstract

 The study of selection of seed trees was carried out in the Olón, Dos Mangas and Salanguillo communes of the canton Santa Elena, Santa Elena province, Ecuador. The objective of the study was to identify, characterize and select seedlings of timber species with good morphological characteristics, and to allow seeds to be used for the propagation of forest species in nurseries for reforestation purposes. The study began with the identification and location of forest plantations of several forest species established between 2000 and 2005, on the plantations, the dasometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated, allowing the selection of 11 trees with desirable morphological characteristics corresponding to five forest species White laurel (Cordia alliodora), black laurel (Cordia megalantha), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), cedar (Cedrela odorata) and melina (Gmelina arborea); Each tree was georeferenced using coordinates UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zone 17M. The number of seeds that can produce these forest species is projected per year which will serve as a reference to establish reforestation programs with their own materials and adapted to the environmental conditions in the province of Santa Elena.
Déficit agroalimentario de la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Burgos Vera Bruno , Suárez Rodríguez Otto
Published: July 2017

El desarrollo de una nación se cimienta principalmente en el bienestar de su colectivo a través de una redistribución equitativa del ingreso, una mayor productividad y un incremento de las oportunidades laborales; la agricultura juega como tal un rol fundamental para la economía y nutrición del colectivo. Sin embargo, las políticas de estado se han orientado generalmente hacia otros sectores como la industria, comercio y minería. Si a esto se agrega las inadecuadas inversiones en investigación científica, capacitación y transferencia de recursos y tecnología, se tiene como resultado una baja productividad y limitado aprovechamiento de los recursos que ofrece la agricultura poniendo en riesgo la soberanía alimentaria del país, objetivo estratégico fundamental consagrado en la Constitución. Esta situación es más crítica a nivel provincial, en que provincias como Santa Elena no cuentan con los recursos adecuados y suficientes para crear una suficiencia agroalimentaria sostenible a largo plazo. Este estudio, en base a información secundaria, analiza la situación actual de la producción agropecuaria en la provincia de Santa Elena con el fin de inferir sobre la suficiencia agroalimentaria de su población y los retos que enfrenta la provincia para lograr una soberanía alimentaria que tienda las bases de su desarrollo.  

Abstract

The development of a country is mainly based on the welfare of its people through a fair redistribution of the income, a higher productivity, and the increase of work opportunities; as such the agricultural sector plays a key role for the economy and nutrition of the people. However, public policies have usually aimed at other sectors such as industry, commerce, and mining. Moreover, poor investments in scientific research, training and transfer of technology and resources contribute to low productivity and limited use of the products offered by agriculture, putting at risk the food sovereignty of the country, a key strategic objective recognized by the Constitution. This situation is even more critical to the provincial level, where provinces, such as Santa Elena, do not have enough and adequate resources to be agri-food self-sufficient and sustainable in the long run. The present study, based on secondary information, analyzes the current situation of agricultural production in the Province of Santa Elena in order to infer about the food sufficiency of its people and the challenges ahead for this province in its quest to reach food sovereignty and a steady development.
Caracterización de los sistemas de producción caprinos, en la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Villacres Matias Julio , Ortega Maldonado Lourdes , Chávez García Debbie
Published: July 2017

La provincia de Santa Elena es reconocida como productora de ganado caprino, ya sea por los sistemas de producción existentes, así como también por el plato típico que de ésta se oferta; la inexistencia de estudios que describan los sistemas de producción caprinos existentes en Santa Elena, ha sido el principal motivo de este estudio; que consistió en el levantamiento de información primaria aplicando encuestas a ganaderos de todas las comunas de la provincia; que fueron análizada mediante estadística descriptiva, donde se encuesto un total de 497 ganaderos, los cuales contaban con un total de 7293 animales, siendo el 75 % animales hembras,  lo que demuestra una buena relación de la composición del hato, que además, está conformado con un 92 % de cabras criollas.  Las variables analizadas estan relacionadas con la producción actual de caprinos y fueron agrupadas en varios componentes que son, componente social, composición del hato, tecnología existente, características de la alimentación, sanidad animal y comercialización.

 Abstract

 The province of Santa Elena is recognized as a producer of goats, either by the existing production systems, as well as by the typical dish that is offered; the lack of studies describing goat production systems in Santa Elena has been the main reason for this study; which consisted in the collection of primary information by applying surveys to livestock farmers of all the communes of the province; which were analyzed by descriptive statistics, where a total of 497 cattle ranchers were surveyed, which had a total of 7293 animals, 75% female animals, which shows a good relation of the composition of the herd, which, in addition, is conformed with 92% of native goats. The analyzed variables are related to the current production of goats and were grouped in several components that are, social component, herd composition, existing technology, characteristics of the feeding, animal health and commercialization.
SIMULATE-3 K coupled code applications
Authors: Jönsson C. , Grandi G. , Judd J.
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the coupled code system TRACE/SIMULATE-3 K/VIPRE and the application of this code system to the OECD PWR Main Steam Line Break. A short description is given for the application of the coupled system to analyze DNBR and the flexibility the system creates for the user. This includes the possibility to compare and evaluate the result with the TRACE/SIMULATE-3K (S3K) coupled code, the S3K standalone code (core calculation) as well as performing single-channel calculations with S3K and VIPRE. This is the typical separate-effect-analyses required for advanced calculations in order to develop methodologies to be used for safety analyses in general. The models and methods of the code systems are presented. The outline represents the analysis approach starting with the coupled code system, reactor and core model calculation (TRACE/S3K). This is followed by a more detailed core evaluation (S3K standalone) and finally a very detailed thermal-hydraulic investigation of the hot pin condition (VIPRE).
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data from a Large Swedish Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Borland Emma , Nägga Katarina , Nilsson Peter M. , Minthon Lennart , Nilsson Erik D. , Palmqvist Sebastian
Published: July 2017

Background:

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has a high sensitivity for detecting cognitive dysfunction. Swedish normative data does not exist and international norms are often derived from populations where cognitive impairment has not been screened for and not been thoroughly assessed to exclude subjects with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.

Objective:

To establish norms for MoCA and develop a regression-based norm calculator based on a large, well-examined cohort.

Methods:

MoCA was administered on 860 randomly selected elderly people from a population-based cohort from the EPIC study. Cognitive dysfunction was screened for and further assessed at a memory clinic. After excluding cognitively impaired participants, normative data was derived from 758 people, aged 65–85.

Results:

MoCA cut-offs (–1 to –2 standard deviations) for cognitive impairment ranged from <25 to <21 for the lowest educated and <26 to <24 for the highest educated, depending on age group. Significant predictors for MoCA score were age, sex and level of education.

Conclusion:

We present detailed normative MoCA data and cut-offs according to the DSM-5 criteria for cognitive impairment based on a large population-based cohort of elderly individuals, screened and thoroughly investigated to rule out cognitive impairment. Level of education, sex, and age should be taken in account when evaluating MoCA score, which is facilitated by our online regression-based calculator that provide percentile and z-score for a subject’s MoCA score.
The Relationship between Markers of Inflammation and Degeneration in the Central Nervous System and the Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Muszyński Paweł , Kulczyńska-Przybik Agnieszka , Borawska Renata , Litman-Zawadzka Ala , Słowik Agnieszka , Klimkowicz-Mrowiec Aleksandra , Pera Joanna , Dziedzic Tomasz , Mroczko Barbara
Published: July 2017

Background:

It is known that YKL-40— a marker of glial inflammation, and VILIP-1— a marker of neuronal injury, reflect functional and structural changes in AD brains, although there is limited data concerning their potential influence on blood-brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis.

Objective:

Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between markers of inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as immunological response in CNS and BBB function.

Methods:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of proteins tested were determined in 45 AD patients, 18 MCI subjects, and 23 non-demented controls using ELISA method.

Results:

CSF concentrations of YKL-40 were significantly higher in MCI and AD patients, whereas CSF levels of VILIP-1 were statistically higher in the AD group as compared to the subjects without cognitive deficits. Elevated concentrations of YKL-40 correlated significantly with increased albumin quotient and decreased Aβ42/40 ratio in AD patients and with IgG quotient in the total study group. We did not find a relationship between VILIP-1 and immunological parameters reflecting BBB dysfunction and humoral immune response.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that YKL-40 may contribute to decreased stability and increased permeability of BBB in AD patients. It is assumed that YKL-40 is implicated in the development of brain barriers, although its precise mechanism of action in the BBB disruption remains unrevealed. Further studies on larger groups of patients are required to confirm our hypothesis.
PSD-93 Attenuates Amyloid-β-Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting the Catabolism of Amyloid-β
Authors: Yu Linjie , Liu Yi , Yang Hui , Zhu Xiaolei , Cao Xiang , Gao Jun , Zhao Hui , Xu Yun
Published: July 2017

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Postsynaptic density protein 93 (PSD-93) is a key scaffolding protein enriched at postsynaptic sites. The aim of the present study was to examine whether PSD-93 overexpression could alleviate Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice by reducing Aβ levels in the brain. The level of PSD-93 was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Following lentivirus-mediated PSD-93 overexpression, cognitive function, synaptic function, and amyloid burden were investigated. The open field test, Morris water maze test, and fear condition test revealed that PSD-93 overexpression ameliorated spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. The facilitation of long-term potentiation induction was observed in APP/PS1 mice after PSD-93 overexpression. The expression of somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and neprilysin was increased, while the amyloid plaque load and Aβ levels were decreased in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, PSD-93 interacted with SSTR4 and affected the level of SSTR4 on cell membrane, which was associated with the ubiquitination. Together, these findings suggest that PSD-93 attenuates spatial memory deficits and decreases amyloid levels in APP/PS1 mice, which might be associated with Aβ catabolism, and overexpression of PSD-93 might be a potential therapy for AD.
Delayed Recall and Working Memory MMSE Domains Predict Delirium following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Price Catherine C. , Garvan Cynthia , Hizel Loren P. , Lopez Marcos G. , Billings Frederic T.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Reduced preoperative cognition is a risk factor for postoperative delirium. The significance for type of preoperative cognitive deficit, however, has yet to be explored and could provide important insights into mechanisms and prediction of delirium.

Objective:

Our goal was to determine if certain cognitive domains from the general cognitive screener, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), predict delirium after cardiac surgery.

Methods:

Patients completed a preoperative MMSE prior to undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Following surgery, delirium was assessed throughout ICU stay using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU delirium and the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale.

Results:

Cardiac surgery patients who developed delirium ( n = 137) had lower total MMSE scores than patients who did not develop delirium ( n = 457). In particular, orientation to place, working memory, delayed recall, and language domain scores were lower. Of these, only the working memory and delayed recall domains predicted delirium in a regression model adjusting for history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age, sex, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. For each word not recalled on the three-word delayed recall assessment, the odds of delirium increased by 50%. For each item missed on the working memory index, the odds of delirium increased by 36%. Of the patients who developed delirium, 47% had a primary impairment in memory, 21% in working memory, and 33% in both domains. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve using only the working memory and delayed recall domains was 0.75, compared to 0.76 for total MMSE score.

Conclusion:

Delirium risk is greater for individuals with reduced MMSE scores on the delayed recall and working memory domains. Research should address why patients with memory and executive vulnerabilities are more prone to postoperative delirium than those with other cognitive limitations.
Factors determining conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy
Authors: Maitra Tapash Kumar , Ekramullah Mahmud , Faruquzzaman - , Mondol Samiran Kumar
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has virtually replaced conventional open cholecystectomy (OC) as the standard procedure of treatment for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. However, OC sometimes becomes a necessity considering the feasibility and safety of the surgical procedure. But the factors that demand conversion from LC to OC differ widely. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of conversion from LC to OC and to assess the causes of conversion and risk factors related to conversion.Methods: The study was conducted in a referral hospital  Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) from September 2014 to September 2016. Cases of cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis, and other gall bladder pathology were included in the study. A team of experienced surgeon performed LC of all selected cases. The causes of conversion to OC were systematically recorded by the surgical team and the risk factors (age, sex, obesity, history of previous abdominal surgery, gallbladder thickness) related to conversion from LC to OC was investigated.Results: A total of 261 (M / F = 87 /174) patients were considered eligible for the study. The mean age of all patients was 43 (±1.75) years. For the male and female groups the mean ages were 44±1.9 and 42±1.6 years respectively. Of the total 261 cases, 210 (80.5%) patients had cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis, 47 (18.0%) had gallbladder stone plus acute cholecystitis and 4 (1.5%) had gallbladder polyp. Open conversion was required in case of 19 patients. Thus, overall conversion rate was 7.3%. The common causes of conversion were a) difficulty in defining Calots triangle (42.1%), b) injury to cystic artery (21.1%) and c) injury to bile duct (15.8%). Both male and female had equal risk for conversion. The investigated risk factors like history of previous abdominal surgery, preoperative ERCP, acute cholecystitis, obesity, increased gallbladder-wall thickness and older age showed no significant association with conversion.Conclusion: The study revealed that a very few patents (7.5%) needed conversion from LC to OC. The commonest cause of conversion was difficulty in defining Calots triangle, injury to cystic artery and bile duct. The risk factors like previous abdominal surgery, preoperative ERCP, gallbladder wall thickness, obesity and old age were not found associated with conversion to OC.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(2): 32-35
A free vascularized fibular graft for reconstruction of mandibular bony defect following excision of odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Ibrahim Farzana B , Hassan Shamim , Hasan Sajid , Anwar Raihan , Islam Md Rashedul
Published: July 2017

We present a case of reconstruction of a bony defect due to the excision of recurrent mandibular odontogenic keratocyst in a 45 years old diabetic male. Free vascularized fibular composite graft was taken from the contra lateral lower leg to reconstruct the defect. A two team approach consisting of plastic and maxillofacial (MF) surgeon was adopted. The functional and aesthetical outcome was satisfactory and bone healing occurred without any major complication.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(2): 70-72
‘[A]nother and yet the same’: Rhyme's Music in Kubla Khan
Authors: Reilly Olivia
Published: July 2017

In Biographia Literaria (1817) Coleridge described the ‘sense of musical delight’ and the ‘power of producing it’ as ‘a gift of imagination’, necessary to the poet. The correlation between poetry and music, essential to the formation of his poetics, he develops suggestively in the ‘mingled measure’ of ‘Kubla Khan’. Paying close attention to the poem's intricate structure, this essay examines Coleridge's self-conscious construction in the poem of a complex patterning of aural connections and refrains. The exploration of rhyme's musical effect allows fresh insight into the poem, building upon previous interpretations to elucidate in particular the role of time, memory, and imagination in its realisation.
Arnold's Missed Rhymes
Authors: Perry Seamus
Published: July 2017

Matthew Arnold's poetry has often been criticised for its technical ineptitude, including the inadequacy of its rhymes. This essay argues that Arnold was particularly attuned to the scope and possibility of rhyme, and (by extension) misrhyme, and that his practice demonstrates this awareness; and, using a range of examples from across his works, the essays seeks to show the ways in which misrhyme and missing rhyme contribute to the distinctive atmosphere of his verse.
Macromolecular Conjugate and Biological Carrier Approaches for the Targeted Delivery of Antibiotics
Authors: Tram Nhan , Ee Pui
Published: July 2017

For the past few decades, the rapid rise of antibiotic multidrug-resistance has presented a palpable threat to human health worldwide. Meanwhile, the number of novel antibiotics released to the market has been steadily declining. Therefore, it is imperative that we utilize innovative approaches for the development of antimicrobial therapies. This article will explore alternative strategies, namely drug conjugates and biological carriers for the targeted delivery of antibiotics, which are often eclipsed by their nanomedicine-based counterparts. A variety of macromolecules have been investigated as conjugate carriers, but only those most widely studied in the field of infectious diseases (e.g., proteins, peptides, antibodies) will be discussed in detail. For the latter group, blood cells, especially erythrocytes, have been successfully tested as homing carriers of antimicrobial agents. Bacteriophages have also been studied as a candidate for similar functions. Once these alternative strategies receive the amount of research interest and resources that would more accurately reflect their latent applicability, they will inevitably prove valuable in the perennial fight against antibiotic resistance.
Sites with Paintings in Morocco and the Atlantic Sahara
Authors: Searight Susan
Published: July 2017

This article lists the rock art sites in Morocco with painted images so far published. It updates and includes the inventory of such sites published over 15 years ago. Short descriptions of the situation and contents of both new and old sites are given.
High Active Zn/Mg-Modified Ni–P/Al2O3 Catalysts Derived from ZnMgNiAl Layered Double Hydroxides for Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Li Feng , Liang Jinrong , Zhu Wenxi , Song Hua , Wang Keliang , Li Cuiqin
Published: July 2017

A series of ZnMgNiAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing 20 wt.% Ni and different Zn/Mg molar ratios were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and then were introduced with H2PO4− via a microwave-hydrothermal method. With the resulting mixtures as the precursors, Zn/Mg-modified ZnMgNi–P/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared. The Zn/Mg molar ratio affected the formation of Ni2P and Ni12P5 in nickel phosphides. The ZnMgNi–P/Al2O3 catalyst with a Zn/Mg molar ratio of 3:1 exhibits the best dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity. Compared with the Ni–P/Al2O3 catalyst prepared from the impregnation method, the ZnMgNi–P/Al2O3 catalyst shows a higher HDS activity (81.6% vs. 54.3%) and promotes the direct desulfurization of dibenzothiophene.
Anomalous Diffusion within the Transcriptome as a Bio-Inspired Computing Framework for Resilience
Authors: Seffens William
Published: July 2017

Much of biology-inspired computer science is based on the Central Dogma, as implemented with genetic algorithms or evolutionary computation. That 60-year-old biological principle based on the genome, transcriptome and proteasome is becoming overshadowed by a new paradigm of complex ordered associations and connections between layers of biological entities, such as interactomes, metabolomics, etc. We define a new hierarchical concept as the “Connectosome”, and propose new venues of computational data structures based on a conceptual framework called “Grand Ensemble” which contains the Central Dogma as a subset. Connectedness and communication within and between living or biology-inspired systems comprise ensembles from which a physical computing system can be conceived. In this framework the delivery of messages is filtered by size and a simple and rapid semantic analysis of their content. This work aims to initiate discussion on the Grand Ensemble in network biology as a representation of a Persistent Turing Machine. This framework adding interaction and persistency to the classic Turing-machine model uses metrics based on resilience that has application to dynamic optimization problem solving in Genetic Programming.
Novel Electronic State and Superconductivity in the Electron-Doped High-Tc T’-Superconductors
Authors: Adachi Tadashi , Kawamata Takayuki , Koike Yoji
Published: July 2017

In this review article, we show our recent results relating to the undoped (Ce-free) superconductivity in the electron-doped high- T c cuprates with the so-called T’ structure. For an introduction, we briefly mention the characteristics of the electron-doped T’-cuprates, including the reduction annealing, conventional phase diagram and undoped superconductivity. Then, our transport and magnetic results and results relating to the superconducting pairing symmetry of the undoped and underdoped T’-cuprates are shown. Collaborating spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance results are also shown briefly. It has been found that, through the reduction annealing, a strongly localized state of carriers accompanied by an antiferromagnetic pseudogap in the as-grown samples changes to a metallic and superconducting state with a short-range magnetic order in the reduced superconducting samples. The formation of the short-range magnetic order due to a very small amount of excess oxygen in the reduced superconducting samples suggests that the T’-cuprates exhibiting the undoped superconductivity in the parent compounds are regarded as strongly correlated electron systems, as well as the hole-doped high- T c cuprates. We show our proposed electronic structure model to understand the undoped superconductivity. Finally, unsolved future issues of the T’-cuprates are discussed.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Kojic Acid Derivative in Bioreactors and the Analysis of Its Depigmenting and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lajis Ahmad , Hamid Muhajir , Ahmad Syahida , Ariff Arbakariya
Published: July 2017

In this study, 7-O-kojic acid monopalmitate (7-O-KAP) was synthesized using palmitic acid and kojic acid where the yield and biological activities were analyzed. The highest yield of 7-O-KAP (43%) can be obtained at molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70 °C, using immobilized lipase N435 in solvent-free system. Stirred tank reactor (STR) provides better mixing of the substrates and biocatalyst with better yield of 7-O-KAP, compared to fluidized tank reactor (FTR) and packed bed reactor (PBR). The 7-O-KAP exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with flow behavior index (n) being less than 1. The 7-O-KAP showed better depigmenting activity with the reduction of melanin content in Danio rerio embryo to 18.70%, significantly lower than the positive control, kojic acid (60.39%) at highest concentration tested (250 μg/mL). Intracellular tyrosinase in Danio rerio embryo was also reduced when treated with 7-O-KAP (12.53%), compared to kojic acid (37.36%) at concentration of 250 μg/mL. In FRAP assay, 7-O-KAP had antioxidant activity of 8156 AAE/mL, which was higher than kojic acid (6794 AAE/mL) at concentration of 2 mg/mL. The 7-O-KAP also reduced peroxidation activity to 12.21%, which was better compared to kojic acid (31.68%) at 2 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that lipid peroxidation activity of 7-O-KAP (12.21%) was comparable to BHT (11.56%) at 2 mg/mL. Based on this study, 7-O-KAP could be an alternative compound for whitening agent and antioxidant compared to kojic acid and BHT, respectively.
Information Entropy in Predicting Location of Observation Points for Long Tunnel
Authors: Xu Chen , Hu Chengke , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Sijing
Published: July 2017

Based on the Markov model and the basic theory of information entropy, this paper puts forward a new method for optimizing the location of observation points in order to obtain more information from limited geological investigation. According to the existing data from observation points data, classification of tunnel geological lithology was performed, and various lithology distribution were determined along the tunnel using the Markov model and theory. On the basis of the information entropy theory, the distribution of information entropy was obtained along the axis of the tunnel. Therefore, different information entropy could be acquired by calculating different classification of rocks. Furthermore, uncertainty increases when information entropy increased. The maximum entropy indicates maximum uncertainty and thus, this value determines the position of the new drilling hole. A new geology situation will be decided by the maximum entropy for the lowest accuracy. Optimal distribution will be obtained after recalculating, using the new location of the geology situation. Taking the engineering for the Bashiyi Daban water diversion tunneling in Xinjiang as a case, the maximum information entropy of the geological conditions was analyzed by the method proposed in the present study, with 25 newly added geology observation points along the axis of the 30-km tunnel. The results proved the validity of the present method. The method and results in this paper may be used not only to predict the geological conditions of underground engineering based on the investigated geological information, but also to optimize the distribution of the geology observation points.
DNA Methylation in Rice and Relevance for Breeding
Authors: Lanciano Sophie , Mirouze Marie
Published: July 2017

The challenge of sustaining food security in the context of global changes is at the heart of plant research. Environmental stresses, in particular, are known to impact genome stability and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic pathways are well characterized in plants, particularly in the dicotyledon model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but an increasing number of epigenetic and epigenomic studies are also performed on rice (Oryza sativa). Rice represents a major food crop of worldwide importance and is also a good model for monocotyledons owing to its relatively small genome size and fully sequenced well-annotated genome. Today, the main regulators of DNA methylation are identified in rice. Moreover, compared to Arabidopsis, rice has an important evolutionary history due to human selection since its domestication. DNA methylation may be involved in both adaptation and agronomic performances and thus, a better understanding of epigenetic regulations in rice should contribute to improving the adaptation of crops to a changing environment. In this review, we expose the current knowledge on DNA methylation in rice and future perspectives to be considered.
Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin
Authors: Bielach Agnieszka , Hrtyan Monika , Tognetti Vanesa
Published: July 2017

Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
A Novel Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Allium ursinum Liophylisate Alleviates Symptoms Comparably to Sildenafil
Authors: Bombicz Mariann , Priksz Daniel , Varga Balazs , Kurucz Andrea , Kertész Attila , Takacs Akos , Posa Aniko , Kiss Rita , Szilvassy Zoltan , Juhasz Bela
Published: July 2017

Right-sided heart failure—often caused by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure—is a chronic and progressive condition with particularly high mortality rates. Recent studies and our current findings suggest that components of Wild garlic (Allium ursinum, AU) may play a role in reducing blood pressure, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), as well as improving right ventricle function in rabbit models with heart failure. We hypothesize that AU may mitigate cardiovascular damage caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and has value in the supplementary treatment of the complications of the disease. In this present investigation, PAH was induced by a single dose of monocrotaline (MCT) injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, and animals were divided into 4 treatment groups as follows: I. healthy control animals (Control group); II. pulmonary hypertensive rats (PAH group); III. pulmonary hypertensive rats + daily sildenafil treatment (Sildenafil group); and IV. pulmonary hypertensive rats + Wild garlic liophylisate-enriched chow (WGLL group), for 8 weeks. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained on the 0 and 8 weeks with fundamental and Doppler imaging. Isolated working heart method was used to determinate cardiac functions ex vivo after thoracotomy on the 8th week. Histological analyses were carried out on excised lung samples, and Western blot technique was used to determine Phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE5) expression in both myocardial and pulmonary tissues. Our data demonstrate that right ventricle function measured by echocardiography was deteriorated in PAH animals compared to controls, which was counteracted by AU treatment. Isolated working heart measurements showed elevated aortic flow in WGLL group compared to PAH animals. Histological analysis revealed dramatic increase in medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries harvested from PAH animals, but arteries of animals in sildenafil- and WGLL-treated groups showed physiological status. Our results suggest that bioactive compounds in Allium ursinum could have beneficial effects in pulmonary hypertension.
A DFT Study on the O2 Adsorption Properties of Supported PtNi Clusters
Authors: Paz-Borbón Lauro , Baletto Francesca
Published: July 2017

We present a systematic study on the adsorption properties of molecular oxygen on Pt, Ni and PtNi clusters previously deposited on MgO(100) by means of density functional theory calculations. We map the different adsorption sites for a variety of cluster geometries, including icosahedra, decahedra, truncated octahedra and cuboctahedra, in the size range between 25–58 atoms. The average adsorption energy depends on the chemical composition, varying from 2 eV for pure Ni, 1.07 for pure Pt and 1.09 for a Pt s h e l l Ni c o r e nanoalloy. To correlate the adsorption map to the adsorption properties, we opt for a geometrical descriptor based on the metallic coordination up to the second coordination shell. We find an almost linear relationship between the second coordination shell and adsorption energy, with low coordination sites, such as those located at the (111)/(111) and (111)/(100) cluster edges-displaying adsorption energies above 1 eV, while higher coordination sites such as (111) cluster facets have an interaction of 0.4 eV or lower. The inclusion of van der Waals corrections leads to an overall increase of the O 2 adsorption energy without an alteration of the general adsorption trends.
Myopathology of Adult and Paediatric Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Phadke Rahul
Published: July 2017

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles ubiquitously present in nucleated eukaryotic cells, subserving multiple metabolic functions, including cellular ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The OXPHOS machinery comprises five transmembrane respiratory chain enzyme complexes (RC). Defective OXPHOS gives rise to mitochondrial diseases (mtD). The incredible phenotypic and genetic diversity of mtD can be attributed at least in part to the RC dual genetic control (nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the complex interaction between the two genomes. Despite the increasing use of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) and various omics platforms in unravelling novel mtD genes and pathomechanisms, current clinical practice for investigating mtD essentially involves a multipronged approach including clinical assessment, metabolic screening, imaging, pathological, biochemical and functional testing to guide molecular genetic analysis. This review addresses the broad muscle pathology landscape including genotype–phenotype correlations in adult and paediatric mtD, the role of immunodiagnostics in understanding some of the pathomechanisms underpinning the canonical features of mtD, and recent diagnostic advances in the field.
Amino Acids Aided Sintering for the Formation of Highly Porous FeAl Intermetallic Alloys
Authors: Karczewski Krzysztof , Stepniowski Wojciech , Salerno Marco
Published: July 2017

Fabrication of metallic foams by sintering metal powders mixed with thermally degradable compounds is of interest for numerous applications. Compounds releasing gaseous nitrogen, minimizing interactions between the formed gases and metallic foam by diluting other combustion products, were applied. Cysteine and phenylalanine, were used as gas releasing agents during the sintering of elemental Fe and Al powders in order to obtain metallic foams. Characterization was carried out by optical microscopy with image analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and gas permeability tests. Porosity of the foams was up to 42 ± 3% and 46 ± 2% for sintering conducted with 5 wt % cysteine and phenylalanine, respectively. Chemical analyses of the formed foams revealed that the oxygen content was below 0.14 wt % and the carbon content was below 0.3 wt %. Therefore, no brittle phases could be formed that would spoil the mechanical stability of the FeAl intermetallic foams. The gas permeability tests revealed that only the foams formed in the presence of cysteine have enough interconnections between the pores, thanks to the improved air flow through the porous materials. The foams formed with cysteine can be applied as filters and industrial catalysts.