bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces intestinal fatty acid uptake and chylomicron formation in HFD-fed mice associated with the inhibition of DHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and the downstream ERK pathway
Authors: Zhang Fenglin , Fu Yiming , Wang Junfeng , Lang Limin , Liang Shuyi , Zhang Shilei , Wang Lina , Gao Ping , Shu Gang , Zhu Canjun , Wu Ruifan , Jiang Qingyan , Wang Songbo
Published: April 2024

CLA reduced intestinal fatty acids uptake and chylomicron formation in HFD-fed mice associated with the inhibition of DHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and downstream ERK pathway.
Post-polymerization functionalized sulfonium nanogels for gene delivery
Authors: Kusmus Disraëli N. M. , van Veldhuisen Thijs , Michel-Souzy Sandra , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Paulusse Jos M. J.
Published: April 2024

Cross-linked polymer nanogels with positively charged sulfonium groups were designed and synthesized. After characterization, the gene delivery propensity of these materials was evaluated, which is likely hampered by limited cell entry.
Chemoenzymatic total synthesis of rotigotine via IRED-catalyzed reductive amination
Authors: Tang Dongyu , Ma Yaqing , Bao Jinping , Gao Shushan , Man Shuli , Cui Chengsen
Published: April 2024

An engineered imine reductase (IRED) was developed specifically for 2-tetralone substrate, and utilized in the total synthesis of rotigotine.
The inhibition of fibril formation of lysozyme by sucrose and trehalose
Authors: Ahlgren Kajsa , Havemeister Fritjof , Andersson Julia , Esbjörner Elin K. , Swenson Jan
Published: April 2024

WAXS displays a significant difference due to the presence of amyloid fibrils in the absence of sugar.
Alkalized MXene/carbon nanotube composite for stable Na metal anodes
Authors: Meng Weisong , Wang Bo , Zhao Junkai , Jiang Guilin , Chu Chenxiao , Cai Feipeng
Published: April 2024

An alkalized MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite with large interlayer spaces and “sodiophilic” functional groups can effectively regulate Na deposition behavior.
Keto–enol equilibrium: stable tautomers of ortho-, meta-, and para-hydroquinones in large aromatics
Authors: Silber Vincent , Gourlaouen Christophe , Ruppert Romain
Published: April 2024

Keto–enol tautomerism of hydroquinones was studied for fused aromatic compounds. For larger fused aromatic compounds the dione tautomer was the stable form. These experimental results were corroborated by calculations.
We Have to Talk About Something: Why NOT Talk About the Curriculum? A Guide to Embedding Language Interventions in Curricular Content
Authors: Owen Van Horne Amanda J. , Curran Maura , Weatherford Samantha , McGregor Karla K.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Children with developmental language disorder frequently have difficulty with both academic success and language learning and use. This clinical focus article describes core principles derived from a larger program of research (National Science Foundation 1748298) on language intervention combined with science instruction for preschoolers. It serves as an illustration of a model for integrating language intervention with curricular content delivery.

Method:

We present a five-step model for a speech-language pathologist and other school professionals to follow to (a) understand the grade-level core curriculum objectives; (b) align intervention targets with the curriculum; (c) select a therapy approach that aligns with both goals and curricular content, and (d) methods for implementing the intervention; and (e) verify that both the intervention and the curriculum have been provided in accordance with best practices. We apply this model to the Next Generation Science Standards, a science curriculum popular in the United States, and to grammar and vocabulary interventions, two areas of difficulty for children with developmental language disorders, though it would be possible to extend the steps to other curricular areas and intervention targets.

Conclusions:

We conclude by discussing the barriers and benefits to adopting this model. We recognize that both speech-language pathologists and teachers may have limited time to implement language intervention within a general education curriculum, but we suggest that the long-term benefits outweigh the barriers.
Fabrication of magnesium oxide adsorbent by cellulosic filter paper fibre bio-templating for CO2 adsorption application
Authors: Ruhaimi Amirul Hafiiz , Ab Aziz Muhammad Arif
Published: April 2024

The filter paper bio-templating method has become a promising pathway in the fabrication of MgO with tunned physicochemical features. The filter paper-templated MgO (MgO-FPT) has been subjected to several characterisation analyses, and it has revealed that filter paper templating has demonstrated a positive outcome toward an improvement of physicochemical features, i.e., improved surface reactivity and surface area compared to MgO prepared via direct thermal degradation method of magnesium salt (MgO-CT). As the evidence of the FTIR spectra, the MgO-FPT has demonstrated a surface rich CO2-associated functional group, which indicate the enhanced surface reactivity of the MgO, which increase of the adsorbent affinity toward CO2 (even from atmospheric surrounding). Together with the improved structural features compared to MgO-CT (two-fold high surface area), it has significantly refined the CO2 adsorption uptake capacity to almost 15 times higher than MgO-CT with only 0.247 mmol/g. This shows the potential filter paper bio-templating method for the metal oxide-based adsorbent fabrication for CO2 adsorption application.
Effect of silver inhibition on the ceramic foam as flame suppression
Authors: Hamzah Nur Faazila , Kasmani Rafiziana Md. , Chandren Sheela
Published: April 2024

Aluminium dust explosions pose significant safety and economic challenges in various industrial processes. Due to this, the current research explores an innovative approach by inhibiting the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to ceramic porous form substrate as a flame suppressant in order to mitigate the risks associated with these explosions. The antimicrobial and non-toxic qualities of silver are also attractive to be applied in medical and food technology. However, the interfacial adhesion between the metallic (nanosilver) and non-metallic (silica-based-ceramic) is still vaguely studied due to the mechanical and surface energy mismatch between the organic surface and the inorganic layers. From this study, the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the silver-coated ceramic foam were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis, and compression test. From the mechanical testing, it was found that the percentage increase of maximum load for silver-ceramic foam from the original ceramic foam was about 60%. The results indicate that silver-coated foam has a better compressive strength of 0.93 MPa as compared to 0.58 MPa by the original ceramic. The inhibition effect of Ag NPs powder on the explosion pressure evolution and flame spread mechanism of aluminium powder at different concentrations and particle sizes was tested using the Hartmann experimental system.
Emotion Recognition based on Facial Expression Identification using Deep Learning Algorithm for Automation Music Healing Application
Authors: Christian Dennis , Reynard Michael , Astuti Winda , Suharjanto Gatot , Wulandari Rahmanda
Published: April 2024

Daily activities, particularly in the workplace or other societal settings, can cause stress and pressure for those who must manage them. This stress can lead to decreased performance and achievement in daily tasks, and in more severe cases, individuals may seek consultation with a psychiatrist to address their stress and pressure. This work presents a system for emotion identification based on face expression recognition system. The system processes the face expression image using Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The face expression image is extracted and modeled based on CNN method. The identification result sent to database which transferred to the Android application played the song based on emotion identification. The system is installed on an Android cell phone, making it flexible and portable. The system has achieved 70% and 80% accuracy in emotion detection during training and testing, respectively.
Revealing Risk Factors and Risk Levels in Housing Construction Projects in Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Priyanto Budi , Setyaningsih Ika , Setyadi Ardian Wahyu
Published: April 2024

Business in the housing sector attracts many business actors to invest, because of the large market opportunities and high-profit prospects. However, numerous danger factors that occur because of the house-building process are present after this situation. Project goals are frequently not met by developers who lack the necessary project risk management skills. This study tries to identify risk variables and establish which factors in a housing development project have the highest risk level. An organized survey questionnaire was used for the investigation. Critical risk factors were identified by data analysis using SPSS version 26.0 software and the statistical method of the mean score. According to the viewpoint of the respondents who took part in the survey, the level of risk is established based on the frequency of risk occurrence and the severity of the danger. According to the findings, Sukoharjo Regency housing construction projects were at risk for 31 major reasons. Three risk factors are categorized as high risk, namely errors in estimating costs, not considering unexpected costs, and limited project funds, and 9 risk factors are categorized as moderate risk. Knowing the risk level of each factor will make it easier to manage project risk.
Literature Review – Analysis of sustainable business models in electric motorcycle rental
Authors: Ferlinda Ihza’us , Pujiyanto Eko , Hisjam Muh.
Published: April 2024

The number of motorcycles in Indonesia has significantly increased. According to BPS, by the end of 2022, there will be approximately 125.3 million motorcycle units in Indonesia. During the period from 2012 to 2022, the number of motorcycles in Indonesia increased by about 48.9 million units, or a growth of 64 percent. Automatically, this will contribute to carbon pollution in Indonesia. Electric motorcycles are a solution that can be used to reduce carbon pollution. Historically, there has always been skepticism about adopting new technologies. In the case of electric vehicles (EVs), consumer trust and financial availability are the main obstacles to adoption. One approach to educating and addressing perceived risks and consumer concerns about EVs is by promoting EV rentals. This research aims to examine the development of research on sustainable business models for electric motorcycle rentals, both globally and in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative descriptive statistics through Scopus, and analysis is conducted using VOSviewer. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for further studies in Indonesia.
Effectiveness of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for API 5L Steel
Authors: Budiarsa I Nyoman , Suarsana I Ketut , Astika I Made , Karohika I Made Gatot
Published: April 2024

The development of organic or natural inhibitors is essential due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In this study, an organic inhibitor derived from red dragon fruit peel waste is employed. The material of interest is heat-treated API 5L Grade B steel. The research assesses the inhibitor’s efficiency in corrosive environments, namely 3.5‰ NaCl solution and pH 3 HCl solution, with varying inhibitor concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm). Using Tafel analysis and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), it is found that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract substantially reduces the corrosion rate. The highest efficiency is observed in the 3.5‰ NaCl solution (62.4%) and pH 3 HCl solution (87.73%), accompanied by charge transfer resistances of 2.47 x 106 Ω and 1.79 x 103 Ω, respectively. Immersion tests reveal corrosion products, subsequently examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify lepidocrocite phases in the 3.5‰ NaCl solution and magnetite phases in the pH 3 HCl solution. This research supports the development of environmentally friendly and effective natural corrosion inhibitors for protecting steel materials in corrosive conditions.
Integrating ISO 56002:2019 Organizational Context Evaluation with Lean Six Sigma for Cultivating an Innovation Culture in Precast Concrete Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayawanti Ranti , Amany Nisa Alya , Latief Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Based on Global Innovation Index data, Indonesia’s innovation ranking has declined by 2 positions, from 85th in 2019 and 2020 to 87th out of 132 countries in 2021. This places, Indonesia among the lowest in ASEAN-6. This article examines the integration of ISO 56002:2019 Organizational Context Evaluation with Lean Six Sigma which was carried out in the form of quantitative research by analyzing through Structural Equation Model (SEM). This study aims to determine whether the integration between ISO 56002:2019 and Lean Six Sigma is related to Innovation Culture and could cultivate the Innovation Culture of precast concrete companies in Indonesia. The result of this study provides evidence that ISO 56002:2019 and Lean Six Sigma are positively related to Innovation Culture.
Palm Oil Eco-Industrial Park Optimization Model Using Goal Programming Approach
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Ginting Anta Pratama , Putri Ade Aisyah Arifna , Azzahra Faradhina
Published: April 2024

The increasing consumption followed by growth in palm oil production in Indonesia has caused an increase in waste generation, which can harm the environment if disposed of directly. An alternative solution for this problem is to implement the circular economy concept to establish an Agro Eco-Industrial Park (AEIP) to minimize the environmental impact of palm oil production. Little attention has been given to investigating the optimization of material sharing within an AEIP. Implementing the concept of AEIP and based on the material flow of palm oil production, this research attempts to develop a mathematical model using a goal programming approach to optimize waste utilization in the palm oil industry. The mathematical formulation involves creating an objective function to minimize residual material exchange and three constraint functions associated with the material exchange, liquid waste requirements, and demand fulfillment. The simulation result indicates that the model performs better than the existing conditions. The mathematical model developed in this study demonstrated balance in material sharing within the AEIP of the palm oil industry, leading to a closed loop and a 100% waste utilization rate.
Integration of the AHP-TOPSIS Approach in Material Supplier Selection
Authors: Puspitasari Nia Budi , Febriani Vera
Published: April 2024

A medium-scale manufacturing company that produces various kinds of stainless furniture products does not have clear criteria for supplier selection. Additionally, there is no long-term relationship and the purchasing method involves selecting the supplier with the best offer (spot purchase). Materials have been delayed several times, resulting in cost overruns that impact both additional time and production. The delay is caused by the unavailability of the ordered raw materials from the supplier, leading to production delays and posing a risk of customer order fulfilment delays. Therefore, there is a need to identify the best supplier capable of meeting the company’s requirements. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal supplier for critical materials using the AHP-TOPSIS method. The supply positioning model is employed to categorize materials and formulate procurement recommendations by considering two dimensions, there are supply risk, and expenditure. The TOPSIS method is used to identify the best alternative supplier, leading to supplier A being ranked with the highest level of preference, followed by suppliers B and C. Alternative strategies for procuring critical materials can include reducing supply risks, establishing long-term partnerships, and implementing partnership contracts.
Springback Analysis in the Bending Process of V-shaped Stainless Steel AISI 304 Using Central Composite Design (CCD) Approach
Authors: Nur Rusdi , Suyuti Muhammad Arsyad , Iswar Muhammad , Muttaqin Ahmad Nurul
Published: April 2024

This study's principal goal is to investigate how the punch angle and punch radius impact the optimum springback during stainless steel sheet made of AISI 304 bent. Central Composite Designs (CCD) are employed for experimental design and statistical evaluation to determine the optimal springback. The experimental factors include punch angle (85,0°, 87,5°, 90,0°), punch radius (1,0 mm, 1,5 mm, 2,0 mm) with a constant 3200 Newton bending force. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) yields a substantial mathematical model that is quadratic for predicting the optimal springback. The attainment of optimal springback is foreseen through an ideal bending procedure employing a punch characterized by a 1,2 mm radius and an 89,7° angle, resulting in an anticipated average springback of 0,29°. Hence, the combination of punch angle and punch radius is pivotal in attaining the intended bending angle.
Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay Reinforced by Geotextile and Woven Bamboo
Authors: Listyawan Anto Budi , Susanto Agus , Sugiyatno  , Wiqoyah Qunik , Muliawan Luthfi Syahrul
Published: April 2024

Bearing capacity is a value used to determine the ability of soil to withstand the pressure and load of a construction. One of the methods to increase bearing capacity of soft clay soil is use geotextile material as reinforcement material. The use of geotextile requires high operational costs, so it needs alternative replacement materials with lower prices and easily available, one of which is woven bamboo. The soft clay soil came from Purwosuman Village, Sidoharjo District, Sragen Regency, Central Java with a planned water content of 60.00% and was saturated. The parameters studied were the effect of depth variation using a footing width ratio of 100 mm (B) there are 0.5B, 1B, 1.5B, and 2B accompanied by the width of reinforcement at each depth variation based on the theory of pressure distribution in the soil 2 Vertical: 1 Horizontal. This study conducted physical properties of soil and loading frame testing. Based on the test, the maximum load retained by the soil with reinforcement is greater than the soil without reinforcement by 2455.71%. From the results of the analyses reviewed, the greater the dimension of the reinforcement width, the greater the maximum load value that will be able to withstand.
Evaluation of OHS practices based on work accident risk analysis using HIRA, FTA, and WISE methods (Case study: Plastic recycling business X)
Authors: Anis Muchlison , Luthfan Hirza Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The lack of OHS implementation is particularly notable in Small and Medium Industries (SMI), primarily due to limited knowledge and motivation concerning OHS application in their work systems. SME X, a plastic recycling business, has experienced several work accidents and necessitated hazard identification and OHS implementation for hazards with high and extreme risks. The HIRA method was employed to assess the extent of risk posed by various types of hazards. After identifying these hazards, the root causes of high and extreme-risk hazards were determined using FTA. Subsequently, measures were taken to mitigate the risks associated with high and extreme-risk hazards through WISE. The results revealed 28 potential hazards, with improvements focused on six high and extreme-risk categories. Proposed WISE interventions include the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), the use of ramps, the utilization of wheeled aids, and other enhancements to techniques and methods at each workstation.
3D pressure-corrected ballistic extrapolation of solar wind speed in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Timar Aniko , Opitz Andrea , Nemeth Zoltan , Bebesi Zsofia , Biro Nikolett , Facskó Gábor , Koban Gergely , Madar Akos
Published: April 2024

Solar wind parameters at different locations in the inner heliosphere can be estimated using various solar wind extrapolation methods. The simple ballistic method extrapolates solar wind parameters from the point of measurement to a chosen heliospheric position by assuming that major solar wind structures are persistent and arrive relatively unaltered to the target position. The method considers the rotation period of the Sun while assuming a constant solar wind speed during radial propagation. We improve the simple ballistic model by considering the interaction between the slow and the fast solar wind with a pressure correction during the propagation. Instead of extrapolating from the position of a single spacecraft, we apply this pressure-corrected ballistic method to 2D speed maps of the solar source surface available from solar coronal models to determine the solar wind speed in the inner heliosphere in 3D, between latitudes of ±50°. We also take into account the effects of the solar differential rotation in our model. Our method is simple and fast, and it can be applied to different source surface datasets. The results of our model are validated with in situ data from the ACE spacecraft. We find that the pressure-corrected ballistic method can give accurate predictions of the solar wind in 3D.
Role of perceived ease of use, usefulness, and financial strength on the adoption of health information systems: the moderating role of hospital size
Authors: Luo Ji , Ahmad Sayed Fayaz , Alyaemeni Asma , Ou Yuhan , Irshad Muhammad , Alyafi-Alzahri Randah , Alsanie Ghadeer , Unnisa Syeda Taj
Published: April 2024

Adoption of a health information system is always a challenge for hospitals. It is because most of the medical staff do not have enough skills to use the new technology and due to the sensitivity of medical data. These factors pose a challenge for the successful adoption of health information system in hospitals. The aim of this research is to find out the factors which influence the adoption of information systems in hospitals. The study investigated the impact of the Financial status of the Hospital; Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on the adoption of health information systems through a questionnaire survey. Data was collected from 602 healthcare workers from 20 hospitals through close-ended questionnaire in Pakistan, where the adoption of health information systems is very slow. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis. The findings show that the Financial status of the Hospital; Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use have positive and significant role in the adoption of Health Information Systems. The finding also shows that hospital size moderates the relationship of Perceived ease of use and the adoption of health information systems and interestingly it does not moderate the relationship among perceived usefulness and financial strength toward the adoption of health information systems. The study concludes that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and financial strength are the main factors, necessary for the adoption of health information systems. The findings of the study have useful implications for policy makers, medical professionals to successfully adopt health information systems in hospitals. It also provides new avenues for researchers to explore other factors and test this framework in other countries.
Cyclical dynamics and co-movement of business, credit, and investment cycles: empirical evidence from India
Authors: Garg Ridhima , Sah A. N.
Published: April 2024

The paper aimed to investigate the cyclical dynamics of the business, credit, and investment sectors in India. This was achieved by utilizing annual data from 1980 to 2021 and investigating the impact of domestic and global financial cycles on the business cycle. The cycles were derived using the Hodrick–Prescott filter, and structural vector autoregression (SVAR) and Granger causality tests were employed to establish the dynamic interactions among these cycles. The results of the study revealed a clear divergence between domestic and global financial cycles. Additionally, the SVAR analysis confirmed the presence of a long-run relationship between business, investment, and credit cycles. Notably, the findings suggest that credit cycles can provide valuable insights to manage business cycles in India. Finally, robustness checks were conducted to confirm the reliability of SVAR findings.
Experimental investigation of wave induced flapping foil for marine propulsion: Heave and pitch stiffness effect
Authors: Wang Junxian , Xing Jingru , Siddiqui M. Salman , Stawiarska Adriana , Yang Liang
Published: April 2024

The submerged hydrofoil has the capability to harness wave energy and convert it into thrust to work with the ship's power system. The current series of experiments investigated the interaction of a passive submerged hydrofoil with regular waves through a comparison of the generated horizontal forces. Springs provide the restoring force for the hydrofoil's heave/pitch motion, corresponding to heave spring and pitch spring. Maintaining a constant heave spring stiffness (490 N/m), subsequent statistical analysis summarized the force trends at different pitch stiffnesses (16–300 N/m) and suggested an optimal pitch spring stiffness in regular waves. A pulse-shaped force signal was observed and explained as a result of low pitch stiffness. Experiments with different spring setups revealed that the heave spring contributes to the harmonic force generated by the fully passive foil. Additionally, by varying wave conditions with limited wave amplitudes and frequencies, tests reproduced the variation of force signals over time and assessed their dependence on wave parameters.
Design and simulation optimization of phase-locked loop structure for phase-shifting power supply
Authors: Liu Qingchan , Li Tengbin , Zhong Yao , Lin Cong , Zhang Junlin , Zhao Zhengang
Published: April 2024

A phase-locked loop (PLL) of a phase-shifting power supply for the power system is designed in this paper. Taking the industrial frequency current as the reference signal, the input and output characteristics of the phase-frequency detector with charge pump are analyzed. In addition, the transfer function of the PLL system is analyzed by combining the passive second-order low-pass filter and the voltage-controlled oscillator. As a result, the influence of parameters such as charge pump current, phase margin, and loop bandwidth on the performance of the PLL is investigated, and the optimal parameters of each section are obtained. The results show that the optimized PLL has a locking time of 0.75 s, a pull-out range of 63.16 Hz, and a locking range of 43.82 Hz, with high stability and noise immunity.
Strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with alkali-activated fly ash
Authors: Chen Liang , Tang Yu
Published: April 2024

The primary goal of this study is to examine the impact of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/alkali-activated fly ash on the fresh properties and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fresh properties, known as the workability of SCC characteristics, were determined using the U-box, V-funnel, J-ring, and L-box tests. The M30 grade SCC containing superplasticizer of 0.86 wt. % of cement is replaced with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% of alkali-activated fly ash. On days 7, 14, and 28 after curing, the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of the SCC were examined. The study was further extended to evaluate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, whose size was 1200 × 100 × 150 mm3, under flexure loading. Based on the test results, it was found that the increase in the replacement of cement with alkali-activated fly ash increased the workability in the SCC. With the addition of superplasticizers, the SCC gained much more workability than conventional concrete containing no superplasticizer. The mechanical properties of 10% and 15% activated fly ash in Portland cement provided the maximum strength for the SCC at different ages of curing. The maximum first crack load and maximum ultimate flexure loading of the reinforced concrete beam containing 10% activated fly ash by weight of cement were greater than those of the control concrete beam. The microstructural scanning electron microscope observations confirmed that the alkali-activated fly ash increased the strength properties of the self-compacting concrete.
Oxidation state of cobalt oxide in thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of cobalt by plasma oxidation and organometallization
Authors: Fujisaki Sumiko , Yamaguchi Yoshihide , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Shinoda Kazunori , Yamada Masaki , Kawamura Kohei , Izawa Masaru
Published: April 2024

Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of Co blanket film and a fine pattern by plasma oxidation and organometallization were investigated. To obtain a smoothly etched surface and self-limiting etching, a two-step temperature-etching process was used. Co was first oxidized using O2 plasma at a low temperature of 25 °C. Then, the Co oxide formed in the first step was organometallized with acetylacetone (acacH) and sublimed at a high temperature of 210 °C, which is appropriate for organometallization and sublimation. The etched amount per cycle was 0.6 nm. This value is the same as the saturated oxidation amount. The root-mean-square roughness after 20-cycle etching was 0.53 nm, and an atomically smooth etched surface was obtained. From the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the oxidation state of Co oxide with a 530-eV O1s peak was dominant for organometallization with acacH. As the temperature increased, the O1s XPS peak of the Co oxide shifted lower to 529 eV and formed a columnar-shaped oxide. However, with acacH, oxide was organometallized when the O1s peak was at 530 eV.
Experimental study on the double-skyhook controls of semi-active suspension with variable inertance and damping
Authors: Nie Jiamei , Peng Xiangyu , Zhu Jiayao , Zhang Xiao-Liang
Published: April 2024

As a conventional control approach, the skyhook damping control algorithm can respond to changes in road circumstances but not to those in load circumstances. The skyhook inertance control algorithm, a newly developed control approach, may adapt to changes in load circumstances rather than in road circumstances. The recent introduction of double-skyhook control algorithms has allowed vehicle suspension systems to accomplish both load and road adaptation. This paper presents an experimental investigation contrasting the performance of the double-skyhook configuration to that of the traditional skyhook damper configuration and the skyhook inerter configuration. By integrating the double-skyhook control strategy with semi-active devices with variable inertance and damping, the paper proposes two strategies for coordinating skyhook inertance and skyhook damping control. A controller using the double-skyhook control strategy is designed to employ the Development to Production rapid control prototyping platform. The controller mode is adjusted using MotoTune software to implement control methods. Three tests were conducted under various road conditions, load conditions, and impact conditions for semi-active suspension. Test results indicate that the double-skyhook configuration considerably enhances driving comfort compared to the single-skyhook configuration. Moreover, the greater the deterioration of road conditions and the decrease in load, the more pronounced the enhancement.
Physical interpretation on development and validation of the reaction routes of complex chemical kinetic model
Authors: Sultan Faisal , Fatima Rida , Ishaq Muhammad Shoaib , Chambashi Gilbert
Published: April 2024

Simulating the complexity in its entirety proves highly challenging, to examine both the local and global stability of the model, as well as its positivity, recognizing the overall instability. To address this challenge, a strategy of splitting down the multi-route complex reactions into its independent sub-routes is employed. For the validation of sub-routes, the stability and positivity of each individual route were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, we employ techniques to simplify our models by considering factors such as reaction speed and thermodynamic properties, ensuring their accuracy. Furthermore, we integrate the Spectral Quasi-Equilibrium Manifold to obtain a deeper understanding of the sequential advancement of reactions, focusing on the slowest eigenvector. A comprehensive examination of the mathematical underpinnings of these reaction steps and diverse pathways is conducted. We also investigate the temporal behavior of these pathways, yielding fresh perspectives. Our findings suggest the feasibility of independently evaluating each pathway rather than treating the entire mechanism as a singular entity. To enhance our analysis, we conduct a local sensitivity assessment using the SimBiology toolbox in MATLAB of each route and compare calculation periods for TRM (Total Relative Motion). Furthermore, we employ the short-time Fourier transform graph to capture time–frequency information regarding the steady state of compounds in various routes, revealing spectral variations over time.
A novel dynamic image watermarking technique with features inspired by quantum computing principles
Authors: Gorle Ramesh , Guttavelli Anitha
Published: April 2024

This research proposes a novel dynamic image watermarking technique with features inspired by quantum computing principles. This method encodes binary values into qubits and embeds a watermark into an original image. The watermarking process is achieved by utilizing quantum circuits to manipulate the qubits representing the pixel values of the original and watermark images. To extract the watermark, encode each pixel value into a qubit, combine them using quantum operations, and then measure the resultant quantum state. This technique ensures the integrity and authenticity of the image by embedding a watermark that can be extracted with high fidelity. Simulation results show that our technique successfully embeds watermarks while maintaining picture quality. Moreover, this method exhibits robustness against common image processing attacks, highlighting its potential for secure image verification applications.
Global-scale future climate projections from ACCESS model contributions to CMIP6
Authors: Schroeter Serena , Bi Daohua , Law Rachel M. , Loughran Tammas F. , Rashid Harun A. , Wang Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

This paper describes projected climate evolution and outcomes simulated by the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) to varying future scenarios, including of socio-ecological and technological development, and land-use and land-cover change. Contributions to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) from the climate model version, ACCESS-CM2, and the fully coupled Earth System Model version, ACCESS-ESM1.5, are presented for the near-future (2020–2050), 21st Century (2000–2100) and longer-term (2100–2300). Scenario differentiation in the near future is aided by high-density sampling in large-ensemble ACCESS-ESM1.5, more clearly illustrating projected 2020–2050 global changes in temperature, precipitation and aerosol optical depth. Over the 21st Century, the heightened equilibrium climate sensitivity of ACCESS-CM2 relative to ACCESS-ESM1.5 results in persistently greater surface air temperature increases and larger amplified polar warming, leading to more rapid sea ice decline. Although weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) occurs in both models, 21st Century recovery under aggressive-mitigation and overshoot scenarios only occurs in ACCESS-ESM1.5; AMOC weakening continues under all scenarios in ACCESS-CM2 through to 2100. Longer-term climate response from simulations extending to 2300 depict opposing hemispheric responses of polar surface air temperatures and sea ice in both models under scenarios based on aggressive mitigation action, leading to a resurgence of surface ocean warming and Antarctic sea ice decline. Under a future scenario where development is driven by continued fossil fuel use, both AMOC and Antarctic Bottom Water Formation continue to weaken across 2200–2300 in both models, reaching such low levels in ACCESS-CM2 that these pivotal components of global meridional overturning circulation could be considered essentially to have ceased.
Combining environmental DNA and visual surveys can inform conservation planning for coral reefs
Authors: Muenzel Dominic , Bani Alessia , De Brauwer Maarten , Stewart Eleanor , Djakiman Cilun , Halwi  , Purnama Ray , Yusuf Syafyuddin , Santoso Prakas , Hukom Frensly D. , Struebig Matthew , Jompa Jamaluddin , Limmon Gino , Dumbrell Alex , Beger Maria
Published: April 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has the potential to revolutionize conservation planning by providing spatially and taxonomically comprehensive data on biodiversity and ecosystem conditions, but its utility to inform the design of protected areas remains untested. Here, we quantify whether and how identifying conservation priority areas within coral reef ecosystems differs when biodiversity information is collected via eDNA analyses or traditional visual census records. We focus on 147 coral reefs in Indonesia’s hyper-diverse Wallacea region and show large discrepancies in the allocation and spatial design of conservation priority areas when coral reef species were surveyed with underwater visual techniques (fishes, corals, and algae) or eDNA metabarcoding (eukaryotes and metazoans). Specifically, incidental protection occurred for 55% of eDNA species when targets were set for species detected by visual surveys and 71% vice versa. This finding is supported by generally low overlap in detection between visual census and eDNA methods at species level, with more overlap at higher taxonomic ranks. Incomplete taxonomic reference databases for the highly diverse Wallacea reefs, and the complementary detection of species by the two methods, underscore the current need to combine different biodiversity data sources to maximize species representation in conservation planning.
Impacts of fire and prospects for recovery in a tropical peat forest ecosystem
Authors: Harrison Mark E. , Deere Nicolas J. , Imron Muhammad Ali , Nasir Darmae , Adul  , Asti Hastin Ambar , Aragay Soler Joana , Boyd Nicholas C. , Cheyne Susan M. , Collins Sarah A. , D’Arcy Laura J. , Erb Wendy M. , Green Hannah , Healy William , Hendri  , Holly Brendan , Houlihan Peter R. , Husson Simon J. , Iwan  , Jeffers Karen A. , Kulu Ici P. , Kusin Kitso , Marchant Nicholas C. , Morrogh-Bernard Helen C. , Page Susan E. , Purwanto Ari , Ripoll Capilla Bernat , de Rivera Ortega Oscar Rodriguez , Santiano  , Spencer Katie L. , Sugardjito Jito , Supriatna Jatna , Thornton Sara A. , Frank van Veen F. J. , Yulintine  , Struebig Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

Uncontrolled fires place considerable burdens on forest ecosystems, compromising our ability to meet conservation and restoration goals. A poor understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystems and their biodiversity exacerbates this challenge, particularly in tropical regions where few studies have applied consistent analytical techniques to examine a broad range of ecological impacts over multiyear time frames. We compiled 16 y of data on ecosystem properties (17 variables) and biodiversity (21 variables) from a tropical peatland in Indonesia to assess fire impacts and infer the potential for recovery. Burned forest experienced altered structural and microclimatic conditions, resulting in a proliferation of nonforest vegetation and erosion of forest ecosystem properties and biodiversity. Compared to unburned forest, habitat structure, tree density, and canopy cover deteriorated by 58 to 98%, while declines in species diversity and abundance were most pronounced for trees, damselflies, and butterflies, particularly for forest specialist species. Tracking ecosystem property and biodiversity datasets over time revealed most to be sensitive to recurrent high-intensity fires within the wider landscape. These megafires immediately compromised water quality and tree reproductive phenology, crashing commercially valuable fish populations within 3 mo and driving a gradual decline in threatened vertebrates over 9 mo. Burned forest remained structurally compromised long after a burn event, but vegetation showed some signs of recovery over a 12-y period. Our findings demonstrate that, if left uncontrolled, fire may be a pervasive threat to the ecological functioning of tropical forests, underscoring the importance of fire prevention and long-term restoration efforts, as exemplified in Indonesia.
Babbling opens the sensory phase for imitative vocal learning
Authors: Leitão Albertine , Gahr Manfred
Published: April 2024

Zebra finches, a species of songbirds, learn to sing by creating an auditory template through the memorization of model songs (sensory learning phase) and subsequently translating these perceptual memories into motor skills (sensorimotor learning phase). It has been traditionally believed that babbling in juvenile birds initiates the sensorimotor phase while the sensory phase of song learning precedes the onset of babbling. However, our findings challenge this notion by demonstrating that testosterone-induced premature babbling actually triggers the onset of the sensory learning phase instead. We reveal that juvenile birds must engage in babbling and self-listening to acquire the tutor song as the template. Notably, the sensory learning of the template in songbirds requires motor vocal activity, reflecting the observation that prelinguistic babbling in humans plays a crucial role in auditory learning for language acquisition.
Catch bond kinetics are instrumental to cohesion of fire ant rafts under load
Authors: Wagner Robert J. , Lamont Samuel C. , White Zachary T. , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: April 2024

Dynamic networks composed of constituents that break and reform bonds reversibly are ubiquitous in nature owing to their modular architectures that enable functions like energy dissipation, self-healing, and even activity. While bond breaking depends only on the current configuration of attachment in these networks, reattachment depends also on the proximity of constituents. Therefore, dynamic networks composed of macroscale constituents (not benefited by the secondary interactions cohering analogous networks composed of molecular-scale constituents) must rely on primary bonds for cohesion and self-repair. Toward understanding how such macroscale networks might adaptively achieve this, we explore the uniaxial tensile response of 2D rafts composed of interlinked fire ants (
S. invicta
). Through experiments and discrete numerical modeling, we find that ant rafts adaptively stabilize their bonded ant-to-ant interactions in response to tensile strains, indicating catch bond dynamics. Consequently, low-strain rates that should theoretically induce creep mechanics of these rafts instead induce elastic-like response. Our results suggest that this force-stabilization delays dissolution of the rafts and improves toughness. Nevertheless, above 35

%

strain low cohesion and stress localization cause nucleation and growth of voids whose coalescence patterns result from force-stabilization. These voids mitigate structural repair until initial raft densities are restored and ants can reconnect across defects. However mechanical recovery of ant rafts during cyclic loading suggests that—even upon reinstatement of initial densities—ants exhibit slower repair kinetics if they were recently loaded at faster strain rates. These results exemplify fire ants’ status as active agents capable of memory-driven, stimuli-response for potential inspiration of adaptive structural materials.
Iron regulates the quiescence of naive CD4 T cells by controlling mitochondria and cellular metabolism
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Ye Chenxian , Nkansah Afia , Decoville Thomas , Fogo Garrett M. , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Reynolds Mack B. , Zhang Li , Quaye Osbourne , Seo Young-Ah , Sanderson Thomas H. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Chang Cheong-Hee
Published: April 2024

In response to an immune challenge, naive T cells undergo a transition from a quiescent to an activated state acquiring the effector function. Concurrently, these T cells reprogram cellular metabolism, which is regulated by iron. We and others have shown that iron homeostasis controls proliferation and mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that iron derived from heme makes up a large portion of the cellular iron pool, we investigated iron homeostasis in T cells using mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the heme exporter, FLVCR1 [referred to as knockout (KO)]. Our finding revealed that maintaining heme and iron homeostasis is essential to keep naive T cells in a quiescent state. KO naive CD4 T cells exhibited an iron-overloaded phenotype, with increased spontaneous proliferation and hyperactive mitochondria. This was evidenced by reduced IL-7R and IL-15R levels but increased CD5 and Nur77 expression. Upon activation, however, KO CD4 T cells have defects in proliferation, IL-2 production, and mitochondrial functions. Iron-overloaded CD4 T cells failed to induce mitochondrial iron and exhibited more fragmented mitochondria after activation, making them susceptible to ferroptosis. Iron overload also led to inefficient glycolysis and glutaminolysis but heightened activity in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Overall, these findings highlight the essential role of iron in controlling mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism in naive CD4 T cells, critical for maintaining their quiescent state.
Contribution of microscopy to a better understanding of the anatomy of pathogenic protists
Authors: de Souza Wanderley
Published: April 2024

In this Inaugural Article the author briefly revises its scientific career and how he starts to work with parasitic protozoa. Emphasis is given to his contribution to topics such as a) the structural organization of the surface of protozoa using freeze-fracture and deep-etching; b) the cytoskeleton of protozoa, especially structures such as the subpellicular microtubules of trypanosomatids, the conoid of
Toxoplasma gondii
, microtubules and inner membrane complex of this protozoan, and the costa of
Tritrichomonas foetus
; c) the flagellulm of trypanosomatids, that in addition to the axoneme contains a complex network of filaments that constitute the paraflagellar rod; d) special organelles such as the acidocalcisome, hydrogenosome, and glycosome; and e) the highly polarized endocytic pathway found in epimastigote forms of
Trypanosoma cruzi
.