bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An optimization method of acceleration and deceleration time of feed system based on load inertia
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yang Jianzhong , Guo Yongjie , Zhang Kuntao , Xiang Hua
Published: February 2024

The acceleration and deceleration time is usually a constant value in the process of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool processing, which cannot adapt to the change of external load and greatly affects processing efficiency. This paper proposes an optimization method for the acceleration and deceleration time of the feed system based on load inertia, which provides the basis for the adaptive adjustment of the acceleration and deceleration time of the feed system. Firstly, by establishing the dynamic model of the servo system, the acceleration and deceleration method is used to identify the external load inertia under different working conditions. The prediction model of the current variance based on load inertia and acceleration and deceleration time parameters is established by using the response surface method, and then the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to build the acceleration and deceleration time optimization model based on the load inertia. At the same time, the inertia identification part is compared with the model reference adaptive system method and the empirical formula estimation method based on current and velocity, the simulation and cutting experiment results show that the inertia identification method based on acceleration and deceleration optimizes the other method. Finally, the machining experiments are carried out on three-axis and five-axis machine tools with the same machine tool type, and by adding different counterweight blocks to change the external load. The test proves that the acceleration and deceleration adaptive adjustment strategy based on load inertia can effectively improve processing efficiency and reduce the fluctuation of the processing load.
A dynamic method for online measurement and calibrating with Lorentz force velocimetry
Authors: Zheng Jincan , Li Rongzhe , Guo Shengrong , Kolesnikov Yurii , Ni Mingjiu , Wang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Our previous study (Zheng et al 2020 Metall. Mater. Trans. B 51 558–69; Zheng et al 2020 Acta Metall. Sin.
56 929–36) reports a non-invasive in-situ measurement technology using Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) to quantitatively measure the meniscus velocity of molten steel online. However, effective signal recognition from complex environment noise and determination of zero-point calibration in harsh metallurgical processing is an essentially challenging task and indeed needs further exploration. In this paper, a method of combining double probe arrangement with real-time differential processing technology was proposed, the twin design structure not only enables the measurement of ∼mN Lorentz forces, but also has significant characteristics of environmental tolerance. The Lorentz force signal caused by conductor motion can be accurately calculated through a differential method, meaning that the problem of zero compensation in industrial online measurement can be effectively overcome. Moreover, based on the functional correlation between the Lorentz force and the parameter of the conductor to be measured, a method of the probes moving variably and actively and their data difference ratio processing was adopted, so as to achieve dynamic calibration during online measurement. This measurement strategy provides a new approach for LFV to achieve online dynamic measurement and online calibration, and provides technical support for electromagnetic measurement technology towards engineering applications.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on dynamic convolution and dual-channel feature fusion under variable working conditions
Authors: Yao Dechen , Zhou Tao , Yang Jianwei , Meng Chang , Huan Baogui
Published: February 2024

Addressing the challenge of inconsistent data feature distribution and the difficulty of fault diagnosis in rolling bearings operating under variable conditions, a novel approach is proposed for bearings fault diagnosis. Dynamic convolution and dual-channel feature fusion are utilized in our method. In the shallow network layer, we employ a dual-channel convolutional structure, combining a large convolutional group with a small convolutional group to enhance the extraction of high-low frequency fault information from images. The improved GhostNetV2 bottleneck layer was used in the deeper layer of the network to obtain more beneficial features through the dynamic convolution and attention mechanism. Finally, fault classification and evaluation under variable working conditions was performed on the Case Western Reserve University and Drivetrain Dynamic Simulator (DDS) datasets. Our results showed that the methods and model used in this study can effectively handle the precision fault detection across various operational scenarios.
Exploring morphological variation in bismuth ferrite nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition: synthesis, structural and electrochemical properties
Authors: García Diana M A , Santos Rodrigo D , Liu Liying , Nunes Wallace C
Published: February 2024

Structural and electrochemical properties of bismuth ferrite nanostructures produced by pulsed laser deposition with various morphologies are reported. The nanostructures are also explored as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that various bismuth ferrite morphologies were produced by varying the background pressure (10−6, 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Torr) in the deposition chamber and submitting them to a thermal treatment after deposition at 500 ◦C. The as-deposited bismuth ferrite nanostructures range from very compact thin-film (10−6, 0.01, 0.10 Torr), to clustered nanoparticles (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 Torr), to very dispersed arrangement of nanoparticles (2.0 and 4.0 Torr). The electrochemical characteristic of the electrodes was investigated through cyclic voltammetry process. The increase in the specific surface area of the nanostructures as background pressure in the chamber increases does not lead to an increase in interfacial capacitance. This is likely due to the wakening of electrical contact between nanoparticles with increasing porosity of the nanostructures. The thermal treatment increased the contact between nanoparticles, which caused an increase in the interfacial capacitance of the nanostructure deposited under high background pressure in the chamber.
Flexible piezoelectric sensor based on polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile/carboxy-terminated multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films for human motion monitoring
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Yi , Yang Yanxin , Wu Yibo , Shi Qisong
Published: February 2024

Flexible piezoelectric devices have attracted much attention in the fields of intelligent devices and biomedicine because of their high sensitivity, stability, and flexibility. In this paper, a multifunctional flexible pressure sensor was prepared by adding polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carboxylic-terminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as the substrate. The β-phase content of PVDF/PAN blended fibers compounded with c-MWCNT was up to 95%. At the same time, when PAN was added, the mechanical properties of the composite fibers were constantly improved. The results show that the polymer blending method can improve the comprehensive properties of PVDF composite. The flexible sensor prepared from the PVDF/PAN/c-MWCNT composite film has an output voltage of 2.1 V and a current of 7 μA. The addition of c-MWCNT can largely improve the sensitivity of the sensor (4.19 V N−1). The sensor is attached to the finger and shows good output performance under different degrees of bending of the finger. The maximum output voltage of the sensor is 0.4 V, 0.56 V and 1.15 V when the finger bending angle is 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. Moreover, the developed piezoelectric sensor can monitor large-scale movements of various parts of the human body. Therefore, this composite material shows potential in areas such as motion monitoring and energy storage devices.
Assouad type dimensions of infinitely generated self-conformal sets
Authors: Banaji Amlan , Fraser Jonathan M
Published: February 2024

We study the dimension theory of limit sets of iterated function systems consisting of a countably infinite number of conformal contractions. Our focus is on the Assouad type dimensions, which give information about the local structure of sets. Under natural separation conditions, we prove a formula for the Assouad dimension and prove sharp bounds for the Assouad spectrum in terms of the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set and dimensions of the set of fixed points of the contractions. The Assouad spectra of the family of examples which we use to show that the bounds are sharp display interesting behaviour, such as having two phase transitions. Our results apply in particular to sets of real or complex numbers which have continued fraction expansions with restricted entries, and to certain parabolic attractors.
Sliding transformer with uncertainty estimation for vestibular schwannoma automatic segmentation
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Mengjun , Li Mingchu , Wang Xu , Liang Jiantao , Chen Ge , Feng Yuanjing , Chen Zan
Published: February 2024

Objective. Automated segmentation of vestibular schwannoma (VS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can enhance clinical efficiency. Though many advanced methods exist for automated VS segmentation, the accuracy is hindered by ambivalent tumor borders and cystic regions in some patients. In addition, these methods provide results that do not indicate segmentation uncertainty, making their translation into clinical workflows difficult due to potential errors. Providing a definitive segmentation result along with segmentation uncertainty or self-confidence is crucial for the conversion of automated segmentation programs to clinical aid diagnostic tools. Approach. To address these issues, we propose a U-shaped cascade transformer structure with a sliding window that utilizes multiple sliding samples, a segmentation head, and an uncertainty head to obtain both the segmentation mask and uncertainty map. We collected multimodal MRI data from 60 clinical patients with VS from Xuanwu Hospital. Each patient case includes T1-weighted images, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and a tumor mask. The images exhibit an in-plane resolution ranging from 0.70 × 0.70 to 0.76 × 0.76 mm, an in-plane matrix spanning from 216 × 256 to 284 × 256, a slice thickness varying between 0.50 and 0.80 mm, and a range of slice numbers from 72 to 120. Main results. Extensive experimental results show that our method achieves comparable or higher results than previous state-of-the-art brain tumor segmentation methods. On our collected multimodal MRI dataset of clinical VS, our method achieved the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 96.08% ± 1.30. On a publicly available VS dataset, our method achieved the mean DSC of 94.23% ± 2.53. Significance. The method efficiently solves the VS segmentation task while providing an uncertainty map of the segmentation results, which helps clinical experts review the segmentation results more efficiently and helps to transform the automated segmentation program into a clinical aid diagnostic tool.
Semi-supervised iterative adaptive network for low-dose CT sinogram recovery
Authors: Wang Lei , Meng Mingqiang , Chen Shixuan , Bian Zhaoying , Zeng Dong , Meng Deyu , Ma Jianhua
Published: February 2024

Background. Concern has been expressed regarding the risk of carcinogenesis from medical computed tomography (CT) radiation. Lowering radiation in CT without appropriate modifications often leads to severe noise-induced artifacts in the images. The utilization of deep learning (DL) techniques has achieved promising reconstruction performance in low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging. However, most DL-based algorithms require the pre-collection of a large set of image pairs (low-dose/standard-dose) and the training of networks in an end-to-end supervised manner. Meanwhile, securing such a large volume of paired, well-registered training data in clinical practice is challenging. Moreover, these algorithms often overlook the potential to utilize the abundant information in a large collection of LDCT-only images/sinograms. Methods. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised iterative adaptive network (SIA-Net) for LDCT imaging, utilizing both labeled and unlabeled sinograms in a cohesive network framework, integrating supervised and unsupervised learning processes. Specifically, the supervised process captures critical features (i.e. noise distribution and tissue characteristics) latent in the paired sinograms, while the unsupervised process effectively learns these features in the unlabeled low-dose sinograms, employing a conventional weighted least-squares model with a regularization term. Furthermore, the SIA-Net method is designed to adaptively transfer the learned feature distribution from the supervised to the unsupervised process, thereby obtaining a high-fidelity sinogram through iterative adaptive learning. Finally, high-quality CT images can be reconstructed from the refined sinogram using the filtered back-projection algorithm. Results. Experimental results on two clinical datasets indicate that the proposed SIA-Net method achieves competitive performance in terms of noise reduction and structure preservation in LDCT imaging, when compared to traditional supervised learning methods.
3D-printed passive bellow actuator for portable soft wearable robots
Authors: Xia Jiutian , Li Yuanjing , Fu Shiling , Xie Wenhao , Qu Jingting , Li Yunquan , Ren Tao , Yang Yang , Liu Hao
Published: February 2024

The compliance of soft wearable robots driven by fluids is high, but their portability and controllability are limited due to complex fluidic systems. On the other hand, tendon-driven soft wearable robots are compact and easy to control, but they have lower compliance when actively interacting with unknown environments. To address this trade-off between compliance and controllability, we propose a novel actuator design for soft wearable robots, named the passive bellow actuator (PBA). The PBA is 3D-printed using elastic materials, which enables it to be easily customized into various shapes and sizes. When tendons running through the PBA are pulled, it contracts and preserves elastic potential energy. When the tendons are released, the PBA extends like a spring and exerts the stored elastic energy to drive the human body. Additionally, programmable deformation can be easily achieved by adjusting the thickness of the PBA chamber. By utilizing these effects, the PBA can be used to assist human flexion and extension movements. We developed a portable soft robotic glove to demonstrate the feasibility of the PBA. The glove is light weight, power safe, and is inherently compliant when grasping irregular objects. Theoretical modeling and experimental tests were conducted to characterize the PBA, and experimental tests were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the soft robotic gloves.
No X-Rays or Radio from the Nearest Black Holes and Implications for Future Searches
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio C. , Cendes Yvette , El-Badry Kareem , Berger Edo
Published: February 2024

Astrometry from the Gaia mission was recently used to discover the two nearest known stellar-mass black holes (BHs), Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2. These objects are among the first stellar-mass BHs not discovered via X-rays or gravitational waves. Both systems contain ∼1 M
⊙ stars in wide orbits (a ≈ 1.4 au, 4.96 au) around ∼9 M
⊙ BHs, with both stars (solar-type main sequence star, red giant) well within their Roche lobes in Gaia BH1 and BH2, respectively. However, the BHs are still expected to accrete stellar winds, leading to potentially detectable X-ray or radio emission. Here, we report observations of both systems with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Very Large Array (for Gaia BH1) and MeerKAT (for Gaia BH2). We did not detect either system, leading to X-ray upper limits of L
X < 9.4 × 1028 and L
X < 4.0 × 1029 erg s−1 and radio upper limits of L

r
< 1.6 × 1025 and L

r
< 1.0 × 1026 erg s−1 for Gaia BH1 and BH2, respectively. For Gaia BH2, the non-detection implies that the accretion rate near the horizon is much lower than the Bondi rate, consistent with recent models for hot accretion flows. We discuss implications of these non-detections for broader BH searches, concluding that it is unlikely that isolated BHs will be detected via interstellar medium accretion in the near future. We also calculate evolutionary models for the binaries’ future evolution using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, and find that Gaia BH1 will be visible as a symbiotic BH X-ray binary for 5–50 Myr. Since no symbiotic BH X-ray binaries are known, this implies either that fewer than ∼104 Gaia BH1-like binaries exist in the Milky Way, or that they are common but have evaded detection.
Correlations in strong-field-emitted ultrashort electron pulses from metal needle tips
Authors: Meier S , Heimerl J , Hommelhoff P
Published: February 2024

When two electrons are emitted from a metal needle tip with the help of femtosecond laser pulses, they show a strong anticorrelation signal in the energy domain. Depending on the wavelength and intensity of the driving laser pulses, the electron emission process can be either in a perturbative regime, like single- or multi-photon photoemission, or in the strong-field regime, where emission is dominated by the instantaneous electric field of the laser pulse, or in the intermediate regime. Here, we report on the two-electron anticorrelation signal and how it evolves from the multiphoton toward the strong-field emission regime. We show that in both cases, the resulting anticorrelation signal can be well explained by semi-classical simulations using a point-particle model, thus the dynamics is dominated by the center-of-mass dynamics of the individual electrons. However, the actual emission process of multiple interacting electrons requires improved quantum mechanical models and therefore remains the subject of future work.

This paper is part of the Special Topic Collection: papers from the 31th Annual International Laser Physics Workshop 2023 (LPHYS 2023).
Refined symmetry-resolved Page curve and charged black holes*
Authors: Li 李 Pan 磐 , Ling 凌 Yi 意
Published: February 2024

The Page curve plotted using the typical random state approximation is not applicable to a system with conserved quantities, such as the evaporation process of a charged black hole, during which the electric charge does not macroscopically radiate out with a uniform rate. In this context, the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy may play a significant role in describing the entanglement structure of such a system. We attempt to impose constraints on microscopic quantum states to match the macroscopic phenomenon of charge radiation during black hole evaporation. Specifically, we consider a simple qubit system with conserved spin/charge serving as a toy model for the evaporation of charged black holes. We propose refined rules for selecting a random state with conserved quantities to simulate the distribution of charges during the different stages of evaporation and obtain refined Page curves that exhibit distinct features in contrast to the original Page curve. We find that the refined Page curve may have a different Page time and exhibit asymmetric behavior on both sides of the Page time. Such refined Page curves may provide a more realistic description for the entanglement between the charged black hole and radiation during the evaporation process.
Connecting the unstable region of the entropy to the pattern of the Fisher zeros map
Authors: Rocha J C S , Costa B V
Published: February 2024

Phase transitions are one of the most interesting natural phenomena. For finite systems, one of the concerns in the topic is how to classify a specific transition as a being of first, second, or even of a higher order according to the Ehrenfest classification. The partition function provides all the thermodynamic information about the physical systems, and a phase transition can be identified using the complex temperature where it is equal to zero. In addition, the pattern of zeros in the complex temperature plane can provide evidence of the transition order. This manuscript presents an analytical and simulational study connecting the microcanonical analysis of the unstable region of the entropy to the canonical partition function zeros. We show that, for the first-order transition, the zeros accumulate uniformly in a vertical line on the complex inverse temperature plane as discussed in previous works. We illustrate our calculations using a 147 particles Lennard-Jones cluster.
On-scalp Yttrium-Iron Garnet sensor arrays for brain source localization: Cramér-Rao bound analysis
Authors: Razorenova A. , Skidchenko E. , Butorina A. , Koshev N.
Published: February 2024

A new type of highly sensitive Magnetometers based on Yttrium-Iron Garnet films (YIGM) is being designed and applied to brain signals recording. We modelled sensor arrays based on YIGM and well-established OPM (QuSpin Inc.) and SQUID (Elekta Neuromag) arrays used for magnetoencephalography (MEG). In this simulation study we investigate the inverse problem accuracy bound depending on the sensor arrays configuration, types of magnetometers and instrumental noise level. We estimate the variance of the probability of dipole source localization using the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB); the CRLB is calculated with use of the numerical approximation of the forward model and its partial derivative parametrization. Our models confirm that the development of multi-channel YIG-MEG systems requires noise reduction, rather than an increase in number of sensors, to outperform OPM and SQUID arrays. The modelling showed the advantages of YIG-based gradiometry compared to conventional SQUID-system.
Relativistic calculation of the orbital hyperfine splitting in complex microscopic structures
Authors: Franzke K.L. , Schmidt W.G. , Gerstmann U.
Published: February 2024

Theoretical spectroscopy based on double perturbation theory is typically challenged by systems with large orbital hyperfine splitting. Therefore, we here derive a rigorous, non-perturbative scheme starting from Dirac’s equation which allows to calculate the contribution of the orbital HFI for complex structures including heavy atoms with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Using the PAW formalism, the method has been implemented in the software package Quantum ESPRESSO. We show that the ‘orbital part’ actually scales with SOC strength if orbital quenching is hindered by low local symmetry, i.e. in case of dimers or atoms at surfaces. This holds true in particular when the unpaired electron is localized in quasi-atomic p-like orbitals. Here, the orbital part is by far not negligible, but becomes dominant by surpassing the dipolar contribution by a factor of five.
Divergent urban land trajectories under alternative population projections within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Authors: McManamay Ryan A , Raad Alen , Vernon Chris R , Thurber Travis , Gao Jing , Powers Stephen , O’Neill Brian
Published: February 2024

Population change is a main driver behind global environmental change, including urban land expansion. In future scenario modeling, assumptions regarding how populations will change locally, despite identical global constraints of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), can have dramatic effects on subsequent regional urbanization. Using a spatial modeling experiment at high resolution (1 km), this study compared how two alternative US population projections, varying in the spatially explicit nature of demographic patterns and migration, affect urban land dynamics simulated by the Spatially Explicit, Long-term, Empirical City development (SELECT) model for SSP2, SSP3, and SSP5. The population projections included: (1) newer downscaled state-specific population (SP) projections inclusive of updated international and domestic migration estimates, and (2) prevailing downscaled national-level projections (NP) agnostic to localized demographic processes. Our work shows that alternative population inputs, even those under the same SSP, can lead to dramatic and complex differences in urban land outcomes. Under the SP projection, urbanization displays more of an extensification pattern compared to the NP projection. This suggests that recent demographic information supports more extreme urban extensification and land pressures on existing rural areas in the US than previously anticipated. Urban land outcomes to population inputs were spatially variable where areas in close spatial proximity showed divergent patterns, reflective of the spatially complex urbanization processes that can be accommodated in SELECT. Although different population projections and assumptions led to divergent outcomes, urban land development is not a linear product of population change but the result of complex relationships between population, dynamic urbanization processes, stages of urban development maturity, and feedback mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for spatial variations in the population projections, but also urbanization process to accurately project long-term urban land patterns.
Composition of Arthropods in Conventional and Surjan Systems in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Wagiyana  , Alfarisy F K , Suharto  , Khozin M N , Habriantono B , Abdillah T , Nurdika A A H
Published: February 2024

Arthropods are the most abundant phylum found in plant ecosystems. The surjan planting system is sustainable agroecosystem engineering. The surjan system is one of the local cultural wisdom for dealing with pest and plant disease problems. In contrast to conventional systems, the majority of cultivation processes apply a monoculture farming system with massive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The research aims to determine the composition of arthropods from the application of surjan and conventional systems. The research was conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in August 2022. The tools and materials used consisted of an inverter microscope, yellow trap, pitfall trap, pheromone trap, 70% alcohol, Taxofone, insect needles, vials and methyl eugenol. Each type of trap was repeated four times and designed diagonally. The collected arthropods were then observed using an inverter microscope. The identification results of Bactrocera sp and Atherigona sp are the dominant species found in the Bantul and Kulonprogo districts. The composition of arthropods in conventional land (Bantul Regency) is greater than in the surjan system (Kulonprogo Regency) based on population natural enemies. In contrast to the status of natural enemies, the surjan system has more natural enemies than conventional systems.
Carbon stock estimation of Sonneratia alba in mangrove restoration area in Pasar Rawa, Langkat North Sumatera
Authors: Harefa M S , Nasution Z , Tuhono E , Susilowati A , Wulandari W
Published: February 2024

Mangrove forests must be protected because they are an important ecosystem for climate mitigation. Mangrove forests are one of the “blue carbon” ecosystems capable of absorbing significantly more carbon than terrestrial forests. Mangrove restoration is being carried out in various regions as part of an effort to rehabilitate damaged ecosystems, one of which being Pasar Rawa Village in Langkat Regency. Sonneratia alba is a native plant that is employed in restoration activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate carbon stock in the S. alba monoculture restoration area in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Purposive sampling was employed in this study, with plots distributed evenly around the research area. Carbon stock estimation is performed non-destructively by estimating carbon estimates based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of trees. According to the research findings, the total carbon stored in the Sonneratia alba restoration area is quite low, at 60.89 ton.ha−1. S. alba produced 192.13 ton.ha−1 of absorbed carbon with CO2 absorption of 19212.84 g/m2 and so was classified as low.
Impact of giving vermicompost and goat manure compost to soil N, P, K nutrients, growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Marbun P , Razali  , Syahputra R
Published: February 2024

The excessive and prolonged use of synthetic fertilizers in mustard greens cultivation can lead to soil and plant degradation. To address this issue, alternative methods to enhance soil nutrients, such as incorporating organic fertilizers like vermicompost and goat manure compost, can be employed. This study aims to investigate the effects of applying vermicompost and goat manure compost on soil nutrients (N, P, K), the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). Conducted at the experimental field in Medan Selayang and Sumatera Utara Agricultural Technology Research Laboratory from February to May 2020, the research utilized a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with various treatments. These treatments included a control group (no fertilizer), recommended dose (goat manure 10 ton/ha + Urea 130 kg/ha) as comparison, vermicompost at 10, 20, and 30 ton/ha, and goat manure compost at 10, 20, and 30 ton/ha. The result indicated that the application of vermicompost and goat manure compost led to increased levels of C-organic, N-total, P-available, K-exchange, the number of mustard greens leaves, and mustard greens production. Vermicompost outperformed goat manure compost in enhancing K-exchange, the number of mustard greens leaves, and mustard greens production. The best treatment is giving vermicompost 20 ton/ha.
Analysis of biopesticide active compounds in Barringtonia asiatica L. Kurz using the GC-MS method
Authors: Paat F J , Wahyuni H , Sapii N O , Tumbelaka S , Watung J F , Wantasen S
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to use gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to discover the biopesticide active components in bitung seeds (Barringtonia asiatica L. Kurz). research being carried out at Gadjah Mada University Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory in Yogyakarta (LPPT-UGM). The research was conducted from March 1, 2023, until April 2, 2023. The Rf number, color test, fragmentation pattern, and solubility of B. asiatica L. Kurz seed extract were the assessment standards that were used. Based on the area’s chromatogram results, quantitative analysis was carried out to ascertain the quantity of organic molecules that comprise secondary metabolites. After being gas chromatographically separated, the number of organic components that comprise secondary metabolites was enumerated in order to perform a qualitative study. The findings of tests using extracts from seeds of B. asiatica by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) yield substances that are secondary metabolites, namely: Octasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-1,1,3,3,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-, has the chemical formula C16H50O7Si8 and has a heavy molecular mass of 578 g/mol. The formula chemistry of hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl -, is C12H38O5Si6 heavy molecule 430 g/mol, while the formula chemistry of heptasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl, is C14H44O6Si7 heavy molecule 504 g/mol.
Various treatments to overcome dormancy of jernang rattan seeds (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.)
Authors: Vinolina N S , Stefanie R
Published: February 2024

Jernang rattan is a resin known as “dragon’s blood” and belongs to e family arecaceae. Its uses vary, including being a source of supply for the ceramics, jewelry, glass, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. This study is to determine the germination response of rattan jernang seeds (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.) in various treatments of dormancy of rattan jernang seeds. The research was conducted in Silangit, Siborongborong District, North Tapanuli Regency, starting from April 2023 to July 2023. The study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatment factors are: P0 (seeds without treatment / control), P1 (soaking seeds with ordinary water 24 hours), P2 (scarification of seeds / sanding), P3 (soaking seeds with KNO3 0.5% 24 hours) and P4 (soaking seeds with coconut water 24 hours). The parameters observed are growth potential, germination test includes the percentage of normal sprouts and the percentage of dead sprouts. The conclusions were obtained soaking treatment of rattan jernang seeds in 0.5% KNO3 solution for 24 hours had a very real effect on on the percentage of germination, the percentage of normal sprouts and the percentage of dead sprouts.
Sulforaphane content enhancement of red cabbage microgreens by using different planting media and nutrition solution
Authors: Septirosya T , Septiana D , Oktari R D , Solfan B , Aryanti E
Published: February 2024

Red cabbage contains sulforaphane that have many health benefit. The highest sulforaphane content is found in young plant, known as microgreens. Media and natural plant growth regulator as nutrient solutions adjustments can be used to raise the sulforaphane content of microgreens. This study aims to investigated the best planting media and natural plant growth regulator as nutrient solution to enhanced the sulforaphane content in red cabbage microgreens. Completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors (nutrition solution and planting media) is used for the research. Research result was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Planting media and nutrition solutions had significant effects on the height, fresh weight, and the content of sulforaphane in microgreens. The combination of vermiculite as planting media and young coconut water as nutrient solution could increase the growth of microgreens, furthermore the used of cocopeat in combination with young coconut water may raise the sulforaphane content of microgreens. The amount of sulforaphane increased by two-fold with the used of cocopeat and young coconut water.
Physical properties and ash content of post-fire Sumatra coastal peat soil in Sei Kepayang District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Sarifuddin  , Akbar A M
Published: February 2024

Fires in peatland have numerous detrimental effects as regards degradation of the environment especially changes of soil properties. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how drying and rewetting peatlands affects the physical and chemical characteristics of post-fire peat soil with two depths. This research was carried out in Dusun XIII, Perbangunan Village, Sei Kepayang, Asahan Regency. The factor was drying and re-wetting of the past fire peatland, namely: unburnt peat in wet conditions (P-nw), post-burnt peat in dry conditions (P-bd), and post-burnt peat in wet conditions (P-bw) within 2 tiers namely: 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm respectively. This research data analysis used a descriptive method presented through tables and graphs. The findings indicate that post-fire peat experience changes in moisture content, degree of decomposition, bulk density, soil color, and ash content. In conclusion, there are changes in peat properties in post-fire peat due to drying and rewetting.
The use of natural minerals compound fertilizers for the production of sweet corn
Authors: Mawarni L , Ellisya S
Published: February 2024

The natural mineral of polyhalite, which consists of potassium, sulphur, magnesium, and calcium, has the potential to be to supply various essential nutrients to complete the plant’s nutrient requirement, such as sweet corn. The aim of this study to determine the effect of multiple doses of K-Ca-Mg-S fertilizer on sweet corn plants. This research was conducted at Medan City, North Sumatra, with a height of ± 25 meters above sea level from March to May 2023. This study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 5 replications and 5 treatments consisting of the dose of fertilizer, namely 0; 2.14, 4.28, 6.42, and 8.57 g/plant. The results of the study showed that several doses of K-Ca-Mg-S compound fertilizer were able to accelerate the male flowering age, which was 53.8 days after planting (dap), the female flowering age was 57.4 dap, and was able to increase the weight of husked cobs, namely 157.758 kg, and seed sugar content of 15.6 % Brix, but did not increase the harvest index.
A comparison of vertical and horizontal trap orientations for attracting male Bactrocera spp. as fruit fly pest
Authors: Rahmawati Y F , Leksono A S , Gama Z P , Rizali A
Published: February 2024

Fruit flies, such as Bactrocera spp., are significant agricultural pests focusing on crop yields in Indonesia. One way of environmentally friendly control is the application of attractants to the trap. This study aims to ascertain the trap model that efficiently captures Bactrocera spp. This survey was conducted in Malang’s Dau Subdistrict between December 2022 to February 2023. The traps used were modified Steiner traps, namely plastic bottle traps with vertical and horizontal models. Any traps were baited with 0.125 milliliters of methyl eugenol, which was dripped on cotton and suspended inside the trap. To determine the effective trap model for capturing fruit flies, the study randomly installed vertical (3 pieces) and horizontal (3 pieces) traps in each citrus orchard. The findings within the Friedman testing analysis suggested that the attraction of fruit flies to vertical and horizontal trap models had significant differences. Horizontal traps had 58% effectiveness compared to vertical traps. The types of fruit flies in the vertical model are Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, and B. umbrosa. Meanwhile, in the horizontal model, B. umbrosa was absent. Modifying this trap model increases the ability as a potential fruit fly trap and a fruit fly pest monitoring tool.
Identification of land characteristics to increase red chili productivity in Mangunan, Bantul, Indonesia
Authors: Aini L N , Putra B J R , Aditama F N D
Published: February 2024

Red chili the vegetable commodities with significant economic value. The supply of chili is often constrained, so it is necessary to increase the land. Land suitability evaluation is needed to determine the suitable of land in Mangunan, Bantul for cultivation of red chili. The objective of this study is to identify land characteristics for red chili to facilitate the expansion of cultivation areas. The study was done using a survey method The soil analysis is conducted in accordance with the methodology prescribed by the Indonesian Centre for Land Resources and Agriculture. The results showed that the actual land suitability at altitudes of 0-300 m asl is S3 with a limiting factor being P element. The height of 300-350 m asl is N with limiting factor slope of land. At altitudes of 350-400 and 400-450 m asl is S3 with limiting factors C- organic and P element. After evaluation and improvement efforts, the suitability of potential land at an altitude of 0-300, 350-400 and 400-450 m asl was S2 with improve the addition of organic matter or fertilization P. The altitude of 300-350 m asl was S3 with improve making bench terraces and parallel planting.
Utilization of solid organic waste as a biofertilizer formulation for upland rice plants supports sustainable rice farming
Authors: Hapsoh  , Wawan  , Dini I R , Ningsih F
Published: February 2024

The use of local isolates as biofertilizer and organic fertilizer based on organic waste is carried out as an environmentally friendly cultivation effort towards sustainable agriculture. This research aims to obtain a biofertilizer formulation made from solid organic waste to support sustainable upland rice farming. The treatments used were: F0: without biofertilizer formulation, F1: 75% tofu dregs + 100 ml cellulolytic bacterial consortium, F2: 75% rice straw + 100 ml cellulolytic bacterial consortium, F3: 75% solids + 100 ml cellulolytic bacterial consortium, F4: 75% peat + 100 ml cellulolytic bacterial consortium, F5: 75% rice husk + 100 ml cellulolytic bacterial consortium. The formulation of organic waste-based biofertilizer with a consortium in this research showed that did not have an effect on the growth of upland rice plants, but the provision of 75% tofu dregs + 100 ml cellulolytic bacteria consortium tended to provide better plant height growth in terms of rice plant height parameters.
Aleurotrachelus trachoides Back’s (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) preference on different host plants
Authors: Kamaliah T L , Syukur M , Sobir  , Maharijaya A , Hidayat P
Published: February 2024

One invasive pest that has affected vegetable crops is the whitefly. Aleurotrachelus trachoides Back is a newly discovered whitefly pest that affects a number of horticultural crops. This study assessed Aleurotrachelus trachoides Back.’s preference (antixenosis) for eggplant, tomato, chili, okra, and cucumber. It also analyzed at the relationship between the quantity of eggs and early instar nymphs per plant and the morphology of the leaves (trichome, epidermis, palisade, and thickness). In January 2018, A. trachoides was taken from the Bambu Kuning Greenhouse at the National University in Jakarta. This study was carried out in June and July of 2018 at the Cikabayan Greenhouse, IPB University, Bogor, using a randomized complete block design with three replications (@2 plants/genotype). Eggplant (cv. Ratih Ungu) had the highest amount of A. trachoides eggs and early instar nymphs, followed by okra (cv. Nayla), tomato (cv. New Mutiara), cucumber (cv. Maestro), chili (cv. Kastilo), and chili (cv. Yuni). A. trachoides had a preference for tomatoes, chilies, and eggplant (Solanaceae family). The number of eggs and early instar nymphs per plant did not correlate with the different host plants’ leaf morphology. A. trachoides favored the genotype on chilies that had more non-glandular trichomes.
Improvement in physio-biochemical characteristics of shallot plants with nano silica at several levels of drought stress
Authors: Rahmawati N , Yasvi A P
Published: February 2024

Plants are stressed if the environment in which they grow changes, which can reduce the rate of vegetative and generative growth and finally the production of plant. One of the factors that causes stress in plants is the availability of water which greatly influences the productivity of shallot plants as shown by changes in physiological and biochemical characters. Analysis of physiobiochemical characteristics of shallots for the application of nano silica at several levels of water stress is the aim of this research. Parameters analyzed at the Central Pharmacy Research Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy, Tissue Culture Laboratory and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, November 2022 to March 2023. This study used RBCD with 2 treatment factors. The first factor namely water stress condition (80, 60 and 40% field capacity). The second factor namely the application of nano silica which consisted of 4 levels of concentration (0, 6, 12 and 18 g/l). The results showed that the addition of water based on field capacity at 80% optimal conditions significantly increasing chlorophyll a, b, and total, leaf relative water content, H2O2 and SOD enzymes. Application of nanosilica at concentration of 18 g/l significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total.
Effect of application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of soybean in different agroecosystems
Authors: Subaedah St. , Netty  , Nonci M , Edy  , Sabahannur S
Published: February 2024

Soybean is a legume that can be cultivated in various types of agroecosystems such as lowlands, dry land, and swamps with various types of soil. This research aims to analyze the effect of mycorrhizal application on the growth and yield of soybeans planted in various agroecosystems. The research was designed with a two-factor randomized block design. Location of soybean planting as the first factor consists of four soybean development locations in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, namely: soybean cultivation in dry land, lowland in Galesong subdistrict, soybean cultivation in dryland, and lowland in South Galesong subdistrict. Application of mycorrhizal is the second factor which consists of two levels: no application, and mycorrhizae application. The results showed that the location of planting had a significant effect on soybean production, where soybean cultivation in lowlands resulted in significantly higher soybean production. The mycorrhizal application treatment obtained significantly higher soybean growth and production. The results of the analysis of soil chemical properties show that the total N content of soil in lowland land is moderate, P-available has low status, and low C-organic status. Galesong dry land showed a high total N content of 0.59%, but available P and organic C are very low.
Effect of natural attractant essential oil from Ocimum gratisimum from Timor Island against fruit flies
Authors: Nenotek P S , Olla A R B , Nahas A E , Sabuna E
Published: February 2024

Ocimum gratisimum, well-adapted to arid regions in East Nusa Tenggara, has essential oil that attracts fruit flies, pest important affecting crops like mango and jackfruit. This study aims to assess the impact of O. gratisimum essential oil on the diversity of fruit flies on these plants. The essential oil, source from leaves of O. gratisimum, was obtained from the Bioscience Laboratory of the University Nusa Cendana, East Nusa Tenggara, Kupang, Indonesia. It was applied to mango and jackfruit plants in Baumata Village, Taebenu District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. For experiment, total of 0.2 µL of O. gratisimum essential oil was carefully placed on a cotton swab, which was subsequently positioned within traps constructed using 1.5-L mineral bottles. The results of this study indicated that the essential oil extracted from O. gratisimum leaves had the capacity to attract Bacrtocera umbrosa and Bactrocera dorsalis flies when applied on mango plants. In case of jackfruit plants, the traps successfully lured B. umbrosa, B. dorsalis, and Bactrocera musae. This attraction contains methyl eugenol in the oil derived from O. gratisimum.
Analysis of secondary metabolites through callus cell suspension culture of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) with PGR combination on MS media
Authors: Azmi F N , Damanik R I
Published: February 2024

This study aims to resolve the effect of using ZPT picloram and BAP and a combination of MS media on cell suspension culture and secondary metabolite compounds contained in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) callus. The enquiry was performed at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Phytochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from February 2023 to July 2023. This study used a Totally Randomized Design (RAL) method amid 2 treatment elements and each treatment had 3 replications. The first treatment factor was ZPT concentration in MS medium (Z): Z1 (Picloram 0 ppm + BAP 1 ppm), Z2 (Picloram 1 ppm + BAP 1 ppm), Z3 (Picloram 1 ppm + BAP 2 ppm), Z4 (Picloram 2 ppm + BAP 2 ppm). The second factor is the composition of the MS (M) media: M1 (½ MS) and M2 (MS). Parameters observed were callus morphology, growth index, SCV (Settled Cell Volume), PCV (Peacked Cell Volume) and analysis of secondary metabolite content. The outcomes exposed that the arrangement of MS media and the PGR concentration of picloram and BAP had no expressive impact on all parameters. Z4 and M2 concentrations provided the most optimal growth.