bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wichtig für die Praxis: Moderne Antidepressiva in der Pharmazeutischen Betreuung
Authors: Bertsche Thilo , Schulz Martin
Published: July 2004

Die Depression ist eine Volkskrankheit. Die medikamentöse Therapie mit Antidepressiva ist zentraler Bestandteil eines Behandlungskonzeptes. Auch bei modernen Antidepressiva besteht das Kernproblem bei Therapiebeginn in einer zunächst für den Patienten unbefriedigenden Wirksamkeit bei gleichzeitig subjektiv belastenden Nebenwirkungen. Aber auch die Compliance‐Sicherung während der Erhaltungstherapie und Rezidivprophylaxe stellt eine wichtige Aufgabe zum Wohl des einzelnen Patienten und zum Nutzen des Gesundheitssystems dar. Wissenschaftliche Publikationen zeigen Ansatzpunkte, dass durch Pharmazeutische Betreuung die Compliance des Patienten und seine Lebensqualität verbessert werden kann. Der Apotheker ist nicht nur auf Grund seiner regelmäßigen Kundenkontakte ein idealer Ansprechpartner. Durch sein klinisch‐pharmazeutisches Know‐How, das er vor allem im Rahmen der Pharmazeutischen Betreuung in der Hausapotheke einbringen sollte, kann der Apotheker eine systematisch dokumentierte Therapiebegleitung, insbesondere anhand der Patientendatei einschließlich Medikationsprofil, leisten. Beim Offizinapotheker beziehungsweise in der Hausapotheke laufen die Verordnungen des Hausarztes und der verschiedenen Fachärzte zusammen. Er ist der zentrale Vermittler, der Medikationsanhäufungen sowie noch nicht oder nicht mehr ausreichende Wirksamkeit anhand von Verordnungen und Patientenwünschen aus dem Selbstmedikationsbereich erkennen und lösen helfen kann. Für die Zukunft wäre es auch denkbar, dass der Apotheker systematische Screening‐Funktionen wahrnimmt und bei Verdachtsmomenten den Patienten frühzeitig einer ärztlichen Behandlung zuführt. Dies gilt schon heute in der sorgfältig zu beobachtenden Selbstmedikation.
Detecting local structural similarity in proteins by maximizing number of equivalent residues
Authors: Standley Daron M. , Toh Hiroyuki , Nakamura Haruki
Published: July 2004

A new algorithm for superimposing protein structures based on maximizing the number of spatially equivalent residues is introduced. The algorithm works in three distinct steps. First, the optimal residue map is calculated by structural alignment. By default, the double dynamic programming algorithm, as implemented in the program ASH, was used for the structure alignment step, but we also present results based on alignments imported from three other programs (Dali, CE, and VAST).

Second, the structures are spatially superimposed such that the effective number of equivalent residues (NER) – aligned residue pairs that can be spatially overlapped – is maximized. The NER score is an analytic, differentiable similarity function that rewards spatially equivalent residues but ignores non‐equivalent ones. Maximization of the NER score results in accurate superpositions in cases where root mean square deviation (RMSD) minimization fails. Third, the NER function is used in conjunction with traditional dynamic programming to realign the structures based on the proximity of residues in the superposition. Results are presented for a wide range of superposition problems and compared to results from Dali, CE, and VAST. In addition, several structure–structure pairs that show only partial similarity are discussed, and results are compared to those from the LGA, SARF2, and ThreeCa programs. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoexcited O3(H2O)n cluster decay: Nonempirical simulation of model systems
Authors: Ryabinkin I. G. , Novakovskaya Yu. V. , Stepanov N. F.
Published: July 2004

The ground and excited electronic states of an individual ozone molecule and its clusters with up to five water molecules are considered at the multiconfigurational quasidegenerate perturbation theory level with the geometrical optimization of structures carried out in the multiconfigurational self‐consistent field approximation in complete active space with 6‐31G basis set extended with diffuse and polarization functions on all nuclei. The vertical photoexcitation spectra of an ozone molecule and ozone–water clusters in the energy range up to 6.0 eV are compared. An interaction between singlet dissociation products of ozone and either a single water molecule or a small water cluster is considered, and the formation of radical species is predicted. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Glycopeptide analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry reveals novel features of horseradish peroxidase glycosylation
Authors: Wuhrer Manfred , Hokke Cornelis H. , Deelder André M.
Published: July 2004

We explored matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem time‐of‐flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry for the analysis of N‐glycosylated peptides, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a test case. Two different types of cleavage were observed in the TOF/TOF fragmentation spectra: Firstly, cleavages of peptide bonds yielded fragments with the attached N‐glycans staying intact, thus revealing information on peptide sequence and glycan attachment site. Secondly, fragmentation of the glycan moiety was characterized by cleavage of glycosidic bonds as well as a 0,2X‐ring fragmentation of the innermost N‐acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core. Loss of the complete N‐glycan moiety occurred by cleavage of both the N‐glycosidic bond and the side‐chain amide group of the N‐glycosylated asparagine, yielding a characteristic peak doublet with a mass difference of 17 Da, which revealed the individual masses of the N‐glycan and the peptide moiety. Analysis of a HRP tryptic digest at the sub‐picomole level allowed the characterization of various N‐glycosylated peptides including those with internal disulfide linkages, a glycopeptide linked via a disulfide bond to another peptide, and a 5 kDa glycopeptide carrying two N‐glycans. The potential of our approach was illustrated by the detection of the following novel features of HRP glycosylation: (i) The conjugation of a xylosylated trimannosyl N‐glycan without core‐fucosylation to site Asn316, showing for the first time unambiguously the occupation of this site; and (ii) A disaccharide N‐acetylhexosamine1deoxyhexose1 attached to N‐glycosylation sites Asn285 and Asn298, which might represent a Fuc(α1‐3)GlcNAc‐ moiety arising from the processing of N‐glycans by a horse‐radish endoglycosidase during biosynthesis of HRP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vereinfachte Berechnung flüssigkeitsgefüllter verankerter Kreiszylinderschalen unter Erdbebenbelastung
Authors: Gehrig Hans
Published: July 2004

Ausgehend von bisher veröffentlichten Untersuchungen verschiedener Autoren zu erdbebenbelasteten Flachbodentanks werden die angegebenen Gleichungen für bisher nicht untersuchte Geometrieverhältnisse ausgewertet. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse der exakten Gleichungen wird ein einfaches Berechnungsverfahren entwickelt, das sowohl die Anforderungen der Praxis nach einfachen, fehlerunempfindlichen Rechenverfahren erfüllt als auch die gleichen Ergebnisse liefert wie das exakte Verfahren.
Development of Hydrophobic Starch
Authors: Bohrisch Jörg , Vorwerg Waltraud , Radosta Sylvia
Published: July 2004

The aim of this work was a systematic investigation of the preparation conditions for stable aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic starch. Samples of benzylated starch were therefore synthesised and then converted into hydrophobic dispersions by fragmentation. In the study, the type of starch and process parameters such as the degree of hydrophobic substitution and fragmentation method were varied. It was shown that the type of derivatisation process (i.e. heterogeneous in a slurry or homogeneous in an autoclave) had a crucial influence on the dispersion properties. Dilution from homogeneous solution and steam‐jet cooking were explored as fragmentation methods for the starch derivatives. The resulting dispersions were comprehensively characterised in relation to the molecular properties of the soluble fraction and sediment. Significant differences in dispersion properties were caused by the type of starch used (i.e. potato or maize) and the derivatisation process, for a similar degree of benzylation.
On modelling of typhoon‐induced non‐stationary wind speed for tall buildings
Authors: Chen J. , Xu Y. L.
Published: July 2004

Typhoon‐induced wind around tall buildings may not be stationary because it is a large body of rotating air. A new approach is thus proposed in this paper for characterizing typhoon‐induced wind speed. Typhoon‐induced non‐stationary wind speed is modelled as a deterministic time‐varying mean wind speed component plus a zero mean stationary fluctuating wind speed component. The time‐varying mean wind speed is naturally extracted from the measured wind speed time history using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Wind characteristics described in the traditional approach based on a stationary wind model are redefined and extended in the non‐stationary wind model. The new approach is then applied to wind data measured at the Di Wang building during Typhoon York. The results show that most of recorded wind samples are non‐stationary but they can be decomposed into a time‐varying mean wind speed component plus a well‐behaved zero mean fluctuating wind speed component admitted as a stationary random process with Gaussian distribution. Other wind characteristics such as probability distribution of fluctuating wind speed, turbulence intensity, gust factor, and wind spectrum obtained by the new approach seem to be more realistic than those gained by the traditional approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Limoges painted enamels from the 16th to 19th centuries by using a portable micro x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer
Authors: Röhrs S. , Stege H.
Published: July 2004

Material analysis of Limoges painted enamels was undertaken by using an x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer equipped with a low‐power x‐ray tube, polycapillary x‐ray optics and a silicon drift chamber detector. The spectrometer, which includes helium purging for detecting elements down to sodium, can easily be assembled and dismantled within 1 h. A quantification method for enamel and glass objects was developed and verified using standard materials. The layer arrangement and possible influence on the XRF measurements were especially considered in theoretical calculations. Over 160 painted enamels from the late Renaissance and Revival periods in the 19th century in various collections were investigated. Comparison of the quantitative results from objects which are securely dated and attributed by art historians allowed a more reliable attribution of pieces with doubted authenticity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchrotron radiation refraction topography for characterization of lightweight materials
Authors: Müller Bernd R. , Hentschel Manfred P.
Published: July 2004

The employment of synchrotron radiation for refraction topography of materials has considerable advantages over standard x‐ray sources. The much higher beam intensity and the parallel and monochromatic radiation provide faster measurements and better angular and spatial resolution. X‐ray refraction techniques image the inner surface and interface concentration of micro‐structured materials. This effect of x‐ray optics is additional to small‐angle scattering by diffraction, when the scattering objects reach micrometre dimensions. We have developed x‐ray refraction techniques within the last decade in order to meet the growing demands for improved non‐destructive characterization of high‐performance composites, ceramics and other low‐density materials. Sub‐micron particle dimensions, the pore size of ceramics, the crack density distribution and single fibre debonding within damaged composites can be measured and visualized by computer‐generated interface topographs. For this purpose investigations are now being performed at the new hard x‐ray beamline of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) at BESSY, Berlin. This BAMline provides monochromatic radiation of photon energies from 5 to 60 keV from a double multilayer and/or a double‐crystal monochromator. A separate instrument is dedicated to the further development and application of synchrotron radiation refraction (SRR) topography. Different from conventional small‐angle scattering cameras with collimating slits and pinholes, scattering angles down to a few seconds of arc are selected by a single‐crystal analyser, similar to a Bonse–Hart diffractometer. A 20 µm spatial resolution of the scattering micro‐structures is achieved by a CCD camera with a fluorescent converter. First SRR topographs of aircraft composites [carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP), carbon fibre‐reinforced ceramics (C/C), metal matrix ceramics (MMC)] will be reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speeding up of internal excitation calculations and application to x‐ray analysis
Authors: Kocsonya András , Demeter István , Kovács Imre , Szõkefalvi‐Nagy Zoltán
Published: July 2004

An improved calculation method is described for the calculation of internally excited x‐rays. The basis of the method is to express the internal excitation term of a point‐like source by three parameters and to store their precalculated values in a look‐up table. The intensities are taken from this table for the actual values of the parameters instead of calculating them repeatedly on the spot. Therefore, the computational work has been reduced significantly. The results of this calculation are compared with those obtained by standard methods and the speed increment was proved. The method was also tested and validated experimentally for several samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentrations and sources of trace elements in particulate air pollution, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, studied by EDXRF
Authors: Bennet C. , Jonsson P. , Selin Lindgren E.
Published: July 2004

Trace elements in near‐ground atmospheric aerosols were investigated in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Particles were collected at two sites, one urban and one rural, during two months with different meteorological conditions. The samplers, dichotomous impactors, segregate the particles into two size fractions, fine (PM2.5, da < 2.5 µ m) and coarse (2.5 < da < 10 µ m). A sharp cyclone was used to sample finer particles (PM1, da < 1 µ m). Meteorological parameters were also examined at both sites. An EDXRF spectrometer, based on three‐axial geometry, was used for quantitative elemental analysis. Concentrations of elements heavier than phosphorus were determined. Also, the content of black carbon on the filters was measured with a reflectometer. The elemental concentrations were compared with respect to season and geographical location in the city. The levels of different species in Dar es Salaam were also compared with similar data from other African and European countries. This showed low values of Pb with respect to the size of the city and no legislation on the use of leaded petrol, that often is the main source of lead. High values of Cl were also found, as would be expected in a coastal city. The coarse particles in the air, originating from soil, had a different composition in Dar es Salaam than in Gaborone, Botswana, and the concentration of black carbon was higher than in other cities. On the basis of the data collected, source assignments were made and the following sources found; sea‐spray, soil, city road dust, biomass burning, industries and traffic. Comparing the concentrations of different elements in PM2.5 and PM1 revealed that black carbon, Zn, Pb, K and Br are present only in the smallest particles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene selection and classification from microarray data using kernel machine
Authors: Cho Ji-Hoon , Lee Dongkwon , Park Jin Hyun , Lee In-Beum
Published: July 2004

The discrimination of cancer patients (including subtypes) based on gene expression data is a critical problem with clinical ramifications. Central to solving this problem is the issue of how to extract the most relevant genes from the several thousand genes on a typical microarray. Here, we propose a methodology that can effectively select an informative subset of genes and classify the subtypes (or patients) of disease using the selected genes. We employ a kernel machine, kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA), for discrimination and use the derivatives of the kernel function to perform gene selection. Using a modified form of KFDA in the minimum squared error (MSE) sense and the gradients of the kernel functions, we construct an effective gene selection criterion. We assess the performance of the proposed methodology by applying it to three gene expression datasets: leukemia dataset, breast cancer dataset and colon cancer dataset. Using a few informative genes, the proposed method accurately and reliably classified cancer subtypes (or patients). Also, through a comparison study, we verify the reliability of the gene selection and discrimination results.
Identification of O2‐induced peptides in an obligatory anaerobe, Clostridium acetobutylicum
Authors: Kawasaki Shinji , Ishikura Jun , Watamura Yusuke , Niimura Youichi
Published: July 2004

Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM792 (=ATCC824), a solvent producing obligate anaerobe, grew well after a shift in growth conditions from anoxic to microoxic at the mid exponential phase. In two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, a spot migrating at 45 kDa and three spots at 23 kDa accumulated after 30 min of flushing with 5% O2/95% N2. Based on peptide mass fingerprints, the 45 kDa polypeptide was determined to be NP_347663 (A‐type flavoprotein homologue) and the 23 kDa polypeptides were determined to be NP_350180 or NP_350181 (novel type rubrerythrin homologue). Northern blot analysis indicated that the expressions of these peptide transcripts were upregulated within 10 min after flushing with 5% O2/95% N2.
His507 of acylaminoacyl peptidase stabilizes the active site conformation, not the catalytic intermediate
Authors: Kiss András L , Szeltner Zoltán , Fülöp Vilmos , Polgár László
Published: July 2004

Acylaminoacyl peptidase is a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family. Amino acid sequence alignment suggests that the stabilization of the tetrahedral intermediate should be mediated by His507 rather than by a tyrosine residue found in the other family members of this serine peptidase group. The pH dependence of k
cat/K
m did not reveal any effect of His507. Substitution of an alanine for His507 gave the same bell‐shaped pH rate profile with the same pK
a values (7.0 and 8.7). However, the value of the rate constant was 85 times lower with the modified enzyme, which indicated that His507 is an important residue that is probably involved in the formation of the 3‐dimensional structure.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Question of Hand and Wrist Configurations?
Authors: KAMOLZ L.-P. , BECK H. , HASLIK W. , HÖGLER R. , RAB M. , SCHRÖGENDORFER K. F. , FREY M.
Published: July 2004

This study investigated whether there is an association between hand and wrist configurations and the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome. The external hand and wrist dimensions of 50 subjects with carpal tunnel syndrome and 50 healthy volunteers were measured and compared. In addition carpal tunnel depth and width were determined with ultrasound. Our results showed that the hand length was significantly higher in the control group (hand length, 19.0; SD, 1.0 cm: patients’ hand length, 18.2; SD, 1.1 cm) and the palm width was significantly greater in the patients’ group (palm width, 9.1; SD, 0.7 cm: controls palm width, 8.6; SD, 0.6 cm). Carpal tunnel syndrome patients had a squarer wrist (wrist ratio, 0.72; SD, 0.1) and carpal tunnel (carpal tunnel ratio, 0.48; SD, 0.1) than the controls (wrist ratio, 0.68; SD, 0.1; carpal tunnel ratio, 0.42; SD, 0.1). These findings indicate that the anatomy of the hand, wrist and carpal tunnel may predispose to carpal tunnel syndrome.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Functional Classification and the AMC Disc-O-Gram
Authors: MENNEN U.
Published: July 2004

The arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) disc-o-gram is presented as a way to measure the effect of hand therapy, splinting and/or surgery on the AMC patient. It also allows comparative measurement of passive motion (in the baby), active motion (in the young child) and function (in the older child and adult). These measurements are related to a new classification system which, as movement and function improves, indicates the efficacy of management.
Kirschner Wire Pin Tract Infection Rates: A Randomized Controlled Trial Between Percutaneous and Buried Wires
Authors: HARGREAVES D. G. , DREW S. J. , ECKERSLEY R.
Published: July 2004

This prospective, randomized trial compares the infection rates of Kirschner wires left percutaneously and those buried deep to the skin in a group of patients with isolated distal radial fractures. Percutaneous wires had a significantly greater infection rate than wires which were buried deep to the skin.
Shoulder Function Following Late Neurolysis and Bypass Grafting for Upper Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries
Authors: GROSSMAN JOHN A.I. , DITARANTO PATRICIA , YAYLALI ILKER , ALFONSO ISRAEL , RAMOS LORNA E. , PRICE ANDREW E.
Published: July 2004

Eleven children ranging in age from 9 to 21 months underwent late nerve reconstruction for persistent shoulder paralysis following an upper brachial plexus birth injury. Only neurolysis was performed in three patients. Neurolysis and nerve grafting bypassing the neuroma with proximal and distal end-to-side repairs was performed in the other eight. All patients were followed for 2 or more years. Two patients underwent a secondary procedure before their final follow-up evaluation. All infants demonstrated significant improvement when assessed by a modified Gilbert shoulder motion scale.
Rehabilitation of Digital Nerve Repair: Is Splinting Necessary?
Authors: CLARE T. D. , DE HAVILAND MEE S. , BELCHER H. J. C. R.
Published: July 2004

Forty isolated, sharp digital nerve divisions, which had been repaired by microsurgical techniques, were reviewed between 12 and 36 months postoperatively (mean, 20 months). Half of the repairs had been splinted beyond the immediate postoperative period and half had not. Non-splinted patients returned to work significantly quicker than those who were splinted. Splinted patients reported more stiffness and cold intolerance but splinting made no difference to either the measured sensibility or movement of the digit. We would conclude that, after repair of sharp, uncomplicated digital nerve divisions, splinting beyond the immediate postoperative period is at least unnecessary and may be deleterious.
Pre-Osteotomy Plate Application Technique for Ulnar Shortening
Authors: CHENNAGIRI R. , BURGE P.
Published: July 2004

The self-compressing mode of the AO/ASIF LC-DC plate can be harnessed to close and compress modest osteotomy gaps that are created after provisional application of the plate with two screw holes on either side of the osteotomy. The oblique osteotomy cuts are made through 70% of the bone diameter and the actual osteotomy width is measured. After provisional plate application and removal, the cuts are completed and the plate is re-applied. Eccentric drilling of up to five holes of a 6-hole plate using the 3.5 mm universal drill guide allows closure and compression of osteotomy gaps of up to 4 mm. An interfragmentary screw is placed across the oblique osteotomy through the remaining hole. The technique is simple but requires careful planning and execution.
Political Science and Political Understanding: Isaiah Berlin on the Nature of Political Inquiry
Authors: HANLEY RYAN PATRICK
Published: July 2004

I saiah Berlin is remembered for his positive/negative liberty distinction and his value pluralism, but he was also an active participant in the debate over the nature of political inquiry. This essay argues that his neglected contribution to this debate is central to his thought and a valuable resource in today's debate over political science's methods and ends. I first show how Berlin understood the relationship of empirical science to humanistic study. I then demonstrate that his conceptions of political judgment and the “sense of reality” were intended as alternatives to the scientific pursuit of political knowledge. Finally, I argue that his Churchill and Weizmann essays present exemplars of the moral excellence Berlin considered necessary to ennoble liberal society and the political understanding indispensable to comprehensive political inquiry. I conclude by noting how Berlin's critique of scientific political inquiry informs his liberalism and his own methods of political inquiry.
Untangling Neural Nets
Authors: DE MARCHI SCOTT , GELPI CHRISTOPHER , GRYNAVISKI JEFFREY D.
Published: July 2004

Beck, King, and Zeng (2000) offer both a sweeping critique of the quantitative security studies field and a bold new direction for future research. Despite important strengths in their work, we take issue with three aspects of their research: (1) the substance of the logit model they compare to their neural network, (2) the standards they use for assessing forecasts, and (3) the theoretical and model-building implications of the nonparametric approach represented by neural networks. We replicate and extend their analysis by estimating a more complete logit model and comparing it both to a neural network and to a linear discriminant analysis. Our work reveals that neural networks do not perform substantially better than either the logit or the linear discriminant estimators. Given this result, we argue that more traditional approaches should be relied upon due to their enhanced ability to test hypotheses.
Theory and Evidence in International Conflict: A Response to de Marchi, Gelpi, and Grynaviski
Authors: BECK NATHANIEL , KING GARY , ZENG LANGCHE
Published: July 2004

In this article, we show that de Marchi, Gelpi, and Grynaviski's substantive analyses are fully consistent with our prior theoretical conjecture about international conflict. We note that they also agree with our main methodological point that out-of-sample forecasting performance should be a primary standard used to evaluate international conflict studies. However, we demonstrate that all other methodological conclusions drawn by de Marchi, Gelpi, and Gryanaviski are false. For example, by using the same evaluative criterion for both models, it is easy to see that their claim that properly specified logit models outperform neural network models is incorrect. Finally, we show that flexible neural network models are able to identify important empirical relationships between democracy and conflict that the logit model excludes a priori; this should not be surprising since the logit model is merely a limiting special case of the neural network model.
IMPLIED CONTRACT AND RESTITUTION
Authors: Hedley Steve
Published: July 2004

Most modern writers in restitution assume that that the theory of “implied contract” has somehow been disproved or discredited. Yet the justification for this is weak, and begs important questions about the nature and methodology of “genuine” contract law. This article argues for the continued usefulness of “implied contract”, and applies it as the basis of significant portions of the modern law of restitution.
AUTOMORPHISM CRITERIA FOR M*-GROUPS
Authors: Bujalance Emilio , Cirre Francisco-Javier , Turbek Peter
Published: July 2004

We prove that the determination of all $M^*$-groups is essentially equivalent to the determination of finite groups generated by an element of order 3 and an element of order 2 or 3 that admit a particular automorphism. We also show how the second commutator subgroup of an $M^*$-group $G$ can often be used to construct $M^*$-groups which are direct products with $G$ as one factor. Several applications of both methods are given.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20D45; 20E36. Secondary 14H37; 30F50
THREE SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR TWO-POINT BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM INVOLVING THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL p-LAPLACIAN
Authors: Averna Diego , Bonanno Gabriele
Published: July 2004

In this paper we prove the existence of at least three classical solutions for the problem

$$ \left\{ \begin{aligned} \amp-(|u'|^{p-2}u')'=\lambda f(t,u)h(u'), \\ \ampu(a)=u(b)=0, \end{aligned} \right. $$

when $\lambda$ lies in an explicitly determined open interval.

Our main tool is a very recent three-critical-points theorem stated in a paper by D. Averna and G. Bonanno (Topolog. Meth. Nonlin. Analysis22 (2003), 93–103).

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 34B15
ON BRANCHED COVERINGS OF LENS SPACES
Authors: Barbieri Elena , Spaggiari Fulvia
Published: July 2004

We construct some series of polyhedral schemata which represent orientable closed connected 3-manifolds. We show that these manifolds have spines corresponding to certain balanced presentations of their fundamental groups. Then we study some covering properties of such manifolds and prove that many of them are cyclic branched coverings of lens spaces. Our theorems contain a number of published results from various sources as particular cases.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 57M12; 57M50; 57M60
ON UPPER-MODULAR SUBALGEBRAS OF A LIE ALGEBRA
Authors: Bowman Kevin , Towers David A. , Varea Vicente R.
Published: July 2004

This paper is a further contribution to the extensive study by a number of authors of the subalgebra lattice of a Lie algebra. We give some necessary and some sufficient conditions for a subalgebra to be upper modular. For algebraically closed fields of any characteristic these enable us to determine the structure of Lie algebras having abelian upper-modular subalgebras which are not ideals. We then study the structure of solvable Lie algebras having an abelian upper-modular subalgebra which is not an ideal and which has trivial intersection with the derived algebra; in particular, the structure is determined for algebras over the real field. Next we classify non-solvable Lie algebras over fields of characteristic zero having an upper-modular atom which is not an ideal. Finally, it is shown that every Lie algebra over a field of characteristic different from two and three in which every atom is upper modular is either quasi-abelian or a $\mu$-algebra.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 17B05; 17B50; 17B30; 17B20
REMARKS ON IMMERSIONS IN THE METASTABLE DIMENSION RANGE
Authors: Biasi Carlos , Libardi Alice Kimie Miwa
Published: July 2004

In this work we present a generalization of an exact sequence of normal bordism groups given in a paper by H. A. Salomonsen (Math. Scand.32 (1973), 87–111). This is applied to prove that if $h:M^n\to X^{n+k}$, $5\leq n\lt2k$, is a continuous map between two manifolds and $g:M^n\to BO$ is the classifying map of the stable normal bundle of $h$ such that $(h,g)_*:H_i(M,\mathbb{Z}_2)\to H_i(X\times BO,\mathbb{Z}_2)$ is an isomorphism for $i\lt n-k$ and an epimorphism for $i=n-k$, then $h$ bordant to an immersion implies that $h$ is homotopic to an immersion. The second remark complements the result of C. Biasi, D. L. Gonçalves and A. K. M. Libardi (Topology Applic.116 (2001), 293–303) and it concerns conditions for which there exist immersions in the metastable dimension range. Some applications and examples for the main results are also given.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 57R42. Secondary 55Q10; 55P60
MULTIPLICITY OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS UNDER NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR DIFFUSIVE LOGISTIC EQUATIONS
Authors: Umezu Kenichiro
Published: July 2004

In this paper we consider the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions of a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem with nonlinear boundary conditions which arises in population dynamics. While bifurcation problems from lines of trivial solutions are studied, the existence of bifurcation positive solutions from infinity is discussed. The former will be caught by the reduction to a bifurcation equation following the Lyapunov and Schmidt procedure. The latter will be based on a variational argument depending on the corresponding constrained minimization problem.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35J65; 35J20; 35P30; 35B32; 92D25
AN EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR A NON-BOUNDED QUASILINEAR OPERATOR
Authors: Carmona José , Suárez Antonio
Published: July 2004

In this paper we study the eigenvalues associated with a positive eigenfunction of a quasilinear elliptic problem with an operator that is not necessarily bounded. For that, we use the bifurcation theory and obtain the existence of positive solutions for a range of values of the bifurcation parameter.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35J60; 35J25. Secondary 35D05
AREA INTEGRALS AND BOUNDARY BEHAVIOUR OF HARMONIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Hanley Mary
Published: July 2004

This paper introduces a family of area-type integrals over cones. These are used to investigate non-tangential boundary behaviour of harmonic functions on a half-space, extending results of Stein and Brossard.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 31B25
FREE QUANTUM ANALOGUES OF THE FIRST FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS OF INVARIANT THEORY
Authors: Bichon Julien
Published: July 2004

We formulate and prove a free quantum analogue of the first fundamental theorems of invariant theory. More precisely, the polynomial function algebras on matrices are replaced by free algebras, while the universal cosovereign Hopf algebras play the role of the general linear group.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16W30
Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Pliocene in northern Belgium, southern North Sea Basin
Authors: LOUWYE STEPHEN , HEAD MARTIN J. , DE SCHEPPER STIJN
Published: July 2004

Dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs from the Pliocene Kattendijk and Lillo formations, exposed in two temporary outcrops in northern Belgium, provide new information on the biostratigraphic position and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of these units. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Kattendijk Formation indicate an age between about 5.0 Ma and 4.7–4.4 Ma (early Early Pliocene) in our sections, confirming a correlation with standard sequence 3.4 and implying a slightly greater age than the Ramsholt Member of the Coralline Crag Formation of eastern England. The unconformity at the base of the Kattendijk Formation was not seen, but presumably correlates with sequence boundary Me2 at 5.73 Ma. The overlying Lillo Formation is late Early Pliocene or early Late Pliocene (c. 4.2–2.6 Ma) in age, and the unconformity at its base may be correlated with sequence boundary Za2 at 4.04 Ma or Pia1 at 3.21 Ma. The Oorderen Sands and superjacent Kruisschans Sands members (Lillo Formation) are both part of the same depositional cycle. They were probably deposited before 2.74 Ma, and certainly before the onset of Northern Hemisphere cooling at c. 2.6 Ma. Evidence from dinoflagellate cysts indicates that both a shelly unit at the base of the Lillo Formation and the lower part of the overlying Oorderen Sands were deposited during a conspicuously cool climatic phase, with warmer temperatures returning during later deposition of the Oorderen Sands and Kruisschans Sands members. Many dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch species are reported here for the first time from the southern North Sea Basin. Selenopemphix conspicua (de Verteuil & Norris, 1992) stat. nov. is proposed.
Lower Ordovician graptolite biozonation and lithofacies of southern Bolivia: relevance for palaeogeographic interpretations
Authors: EGENHOFF SVEN O. , MALETZ JÖRG , ERDTMANN BERND-DIETRICH
Published: July 2004

The interpretation of the lithofacies and basin evolution of the early Ordovician of southern Bolivia is based on a number of sections on an E–W transect. Lithostratigraphic units are extremely diachronous and only the available data on the graptolite biostratigraphy enabled an interpretation of the basin evolution. The newly proposed graptolite biozonation includes the biozones of Rhabdinopora flabelliformis, Adelograptus sp., Araneograptus murrayi, Hunnegraptus copiosus, Tetragraptus phyllograptoides, Expansograptus protobalticus, Expansograptus holmi, Baltograptus minutus, Azygograptus lapworthi and Isograptus victoriae. Isograptus victoriae is the first isograptid identified from Gondwanan South America. The early Ordovician succession of southern Bolivia is the most complete one documented from South America and can be used as a standard for this continent. The faunas are most easily correlated with the faunal succession of Scandinavia and without doubt belong to the Atlantic graptolite faunal province. They show distinct differences from coeval faunas of the Argentine Precordillera, referable to the Pacific faunal province.
“SICK MAN OF EUROPE” OR “JAPAN OF THE NEAR EAST”?: CONSTRUCTING OTTOMAN MODERNITY IN THE HAMIDIAN AND YOUNG TURK ERAS
Authors: Worringer Renée
Published: July 2004

The [Japanese] government, adorned with great intelligence and ideological firmness in progress, has implemented and promoted European [methods] of commerce and industry in its own country, and has turned the whole of Japan into a factory of progress, thanks to many [educational institutions]; it has attempted to secure and develop Japan's capacity for advancement by using means to serve the needs of the society such as benevolent institutions, railways, and in short, innumerable modes of civilization.

—Malumat, mouthpiece for Yıldız Palace, 1897

We should take note of Japan, this nation which has become rivals with the Great Powers in thirty to forty years. One should pay attention to that—that a nation not separating patriotic public spirit and the good of the homeland from its life is surely such that [though] sustaining wounds, setting out against any type of danger that threatens its existence, it certainly preserves its national independence. The Japanese successes of Port Arthur…are a product of this patriotic zeal.

—Şura-yı Ümmet, Ottoman newspaper, Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), 1904

While the despot of Turkey and the despot of Russia tremble and hide…it has come to pass in the Far East among this admirable people that, like the Turks, have been treated…as barbarians…[that] the Japanese tended to develop in all the Far East their material and moral influences, “to make themselves the guardians, otherwise the masters, of the yellow world.”…And that is how one has to see this vast intellectual and moral organization…. They whose civilization, achieved in half a century, has become superior to European civilization which has fallen into decay; they who do not have to reproach massacres, who do not have to gag any mouths out of which a liberal word came, who do not have to exile or suppress patriots…. Indeed, for our part, it is this “yellow” civilization that we wish to see universalized because it is the fruit of a principled, faithful and highly intelligent organization, because it is based on a conception of human destinies that excludes holy icons and false sentimentalities, because, above all, it is the daughter of a constitutional government which Ottoman patriots—all their efforts striving for this goal—will conclude by understanding the absolute necessity for the poor Turkish people that Hamidian terrorism be plunged into the mire.

—Mechveret Supplément Français, French organ of the CUP, 1905
FRIENDS OR FOES? DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ITALY AND TURKEY, 1923–36
Authors: Barlas Dilek
Published: July 2004

Turkey's foreign policy and relations in the early Republican era, before and during World War II, has been subject to systematic and scholarly research, leading to numerous publications since the 1970s. Although no less significant than Britain, Germany, or the Soviet Union in shaping Turkish inter-war foreign policy and priorities, Italy does not seem to have received a similar degree of attention in this growing literature. Italy is usually treated in the works on Turkish foreign relations only as a threat that Turkey's foreign and strategic policy aimed to counter after 1934.
A TALE OF TWO MAYORS: COURTS AND POLITICS IN IRAN AND TURKEY
Authors: Shambayati Hootan
Published: July 2004

Countries such as Iran and Turkey do not fit comfortably into the democratic and authoritarian categories. In these countries, elections are held regularly, and the will of the people is accepted as one source of sovereignty. At the same time, both constitutionally and in practice the elected officials have to share the exercise of political power with institutions that do not draw their power directly from the will of the people. In such systems, the judiciary has two important political functions. First, the judiciary acts as a politically insulated decision-maker through which the unelected head can exercise some degree of control over the actions of the elected head. Second, the judiciary's direct involvement in the political arena increases political tensions and legitimates the continuation of the two-headed system. In systems based on divided sovereignty, the tensions created by the judicialization of politics contribute to the stability of the regime.
TAXATION IN THE TRIBAL AREAS OF THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE, 1899–1957
Authors: JOHN MAKGALA CHRISTIAN
Published: July 2004

This essay examines, through taxation, the relationship between British colonial administrators, Tswana Dikgosi (chiefs) and their subjects in the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1899 to 1957. It argues that since Bechuanaland became a British territory through negotiations the Tswana rulers were able to protect their interests aggressively but with little risk of being deposed. Moreover, the Tswana succession system by primogeniture worked to their advantage whenever the British sought to replace them. Taxation was one arena where this was demonstrated. Although consultation between the Dikgosi, their subjects and the British was common, subordinate tribes sometimes fared badly under Tswana rule.
Ne-cliticisation and split intransitivity
Authors: BENTLEY DELIA
Published: July 2004

I consider a number of constructions with ne-cliticisation, which at first sight would seem to be problematic vis-à-vis the hypothesis that the Italian partitive clitic ne is a diagnostic of unaccusativity. Structures with ne-cliticisation can receive an existential interpretation in sentence focus. I argue that, in the putatively non-canonical domains, ne realises the argument of a stage-level existential predicate (see Carlson 1977; Diesing 1992; Pustejovsky 1995), which is not spelled out in syntax, but only figures in the semantic representation of the sentence. My findings highlight the role of focus structure in unaccusativity phenomena (see Van Valin 1993a; Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995; Lambrecht 2000, among others), and support the analysis of split intransitivity in terms of non-deterministic correspondence between discourse, semantics and syntax.
A corpus-based two-level model of situation aspect
Authors: XIAO ZHONGHUA , McENERY ANTHONY
Published: July 2004

In this paper we will extend Smith's (1997) two-component aspect theory to develop a two-level model of situation aspect in which situation aspect is modelled as verb classes at the lexical level and as situation types at the sentential level. Situation types are the composite result of the rule-based interaction between verb classes and complements, arguments, peripheral adjuncts and viewpoint aspect at the nucleus, core and clause levels. With a framework consisting of a lexicon, a layered clause structure and a set of rules mapping verb classes onto situation types, the model is developed and tested using an English corpus and a Chinese corpus.
Psycholinguistic evidence for split intransitivity in Spanish second language acquisition
Authors: MONTRUL SILVINA
Published: July 2004

This study investigates the acquisition and on-line processing of unaccusative and unergative verbs in second language (L2) Spanish by English-speaking learners. It asks whether L2 learners make a syntactic distinction between the two verb classes and whether there is an effect of semantic subclass, in accordance with a semantic hierarchy. Participants were 35 native Spanish speakers and 44 English-speaking learners of Spanish ranging from intermediate to advanced proficiency. The main task was an on-line visual probe recognition task. Subjects read sentences on a computer screen and had to decide whether a word had appeared in the sentence. The results of this study showed that native speakers who scan their syntactic representations to find a word contained in a complex subject noun phrase recognized the word faster with unaccusative-verb sentences than with unergative-verb sentences, suggesting that the syntactic presence of a trace in unaccusative-verb sentences facilitates comprehension. The L2 learners showed a similar response pattern, confirming that they differentiated between the two classes of verbs. Analyses of reaction times by verb class indicated that not all of the verbs in each class were responded to consistently: some subclasses induced shorter reaction times than others.
Phonological sequence learning and short-term store capacity determine second language vocabulary acquisition
Authors: SPECIALE GIOVANNA , ELLIS NICK C. , BYWATER TRACEY
Published: July 2004

Two studies examined individual cognitive differences affecting the acquisition of second language word forms. Experiment 1 measured 40 undergraduates' ability to learn phonological sequences, their phonological short-term store capacity as indexed by ability to repeat nonwordlike nonwords, and their learning of novel foreign language vocabulary (German) in an experimental task. Phonological sequence learning predicted receptive vocabulary learning. Phonological sequence learning and phonological store capacity made independent additive contributions to productive vocabulary learning. Experiment 2 determined the interactions of phonological sequence learning ability, phonological store capacity, and second language acquisition during a longitudinal field study of 44 novice undergraduate learners of Spanish during a 10-week course. Students' initial skill in phonological sequence learning predicted their final levels of Spanish receptive language and their eventual ability to repeat Spanish-wordlike nonwords. The results suggest that phonological store capacity and phonological sequence learning ability are initially separable constraints on second language vocabulary acquisition and that sequence learning ability underpins the acquisition of long-term phonological knowledge. Subsequent apprehension and consolidation of a novel word form is a product not only of phonological short-term store capacity but also of this long-term knowledge of the phonological regularities of language.
Is the Euro Working? The Euro and European Labour Markets
Authors: SILVIA STEPHEN J.
Published: July 2004

Now that time has passed since the introduction of the euro as a commercial currency, it is possible to assess many arguments made in the abstract during the 1990s about European monetary union. This article shows that the euro zone still falls short as an optimal currency area in most respects. In particular, it undertakes an empirical analysis of the labour market and finds no progress toward flexibility or integration. These results challenge assertions of ‘endogenous currency area’ proponents that the euro area would become optimal ‘after the fact’, and that labour markets would serve as the principal avenue of adjustment. Instead, a ‘rigidity trap’ has developed in the euro area, consisting of relatively tight monetary policy, forced fiscal consolidation, and a risk of deflation in some economies. These conditions have compounded the difficulties of structural adjustment in European labour markets.