bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petroleum Geological Analysis Based on Remote Sensing and laser scanning in Karamay Formation of Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Zeng Qihong , Zhang Youyan , Kong Linghua , Ye Yong , Hu Yan , Wang Wenzhi , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: November 2020

This paper uses high-precision remote sensing and laser scanning to study petroleum geological analysis methods. The research area is Karamay Formation in Junggar Basin, China. Firstly, the outcrop lithologies are identified according to our clastic rock lithology identification pattern based on laser intensity, and the regional lithologies are identified based on high-precision remote sensing images. Furthermore, we analyze the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of the sandbodies. At last, we analyze the area sandbody connectivity and sandbody structure characteristics. These data can provide basic information for the analysis of underground reservoirs in Karamay Formation.
Application and analysis of image modeling based on UAV
Authors: Wang Shuheng , Niu Xuefeng , Zhu Chunyu , Wu Xiang , Liu Shi
Published: November 2020

As one of the important geographic information products, orthophotos play an extremely important role in the field of geographic information. With the rapid development of China’s economic construction and the continuous improvement of photogrammetry technology, traditional orthophoto has been replaced by real orthophoto to meet the requirements of large-scale accurate mapping. This article discusses the method of generating real shot images, uses drone images, and uses Zhanwei New Village in Wuhan as the survey area to lay out the ground control points. Based on Pix4D modeling, the air and three encryptions are completed and based on high-precision DSM Quickly generate real radiography products. The research in this paper shows that the corrected real image can eliminate the phenomenon of blocking the wall and the problem of occlusion. It has a good effect and can be used in the field of line drawing maps. It provides a simple and quick solution for the rapid acquisition of orthophotos in the field of photogrammetry.
The impact of FDI on environmental technology innovation from the perspective of environmental regulation
Authors: Wei Ziting
Published: November 2020

Based on the perspective of environmental regulation, this paper selects panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2016, establishes Hansen panel threshold regression model, and investigates the impact of FDI on environmental technology innovation of industrial enterprises in China under the threshold of environmental regulation. The results show that FDI has a significant inhibitory effect on the environmental technological innovation of industrial enterprises; the effect has a significant dual threshold of environmental regulation, with the intensity of environmental regulation across the threshold, the negative impact of FDI gradually weakened; market demand and industry scale have a significant positive impact, the role of technological progress is not significant. The findings of this paper provide a certain reference for the rational use of environmental regulation policies, the maximization of FDI technology spillover, the promotion of environmental technology innovation of industrial enterprises, and the realization of “win-win” of environment and economy.
Distribution characteristics and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in seawater and sediment of Liaodong Bay
Authors: Si Nianting , Qu Liang
Published: November 2020

Distribution of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) in the seawater and sediments were studied based on data from two oceanographic surveys carried out in Liaodong Bay in May and October 2016. The results showed that the values of heavy metals in seawater represent a uniform distribution, while no trends were detected for spatial distribution. High values of heavy metals in sediment were generally distributed nearshore areas in October. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Hg in seawater were higher than the national guideline values of Mar. sediment quality of China. Values of Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg were higher than the national guideline values of Mar. sediment quality of China in October, while quality was in good condition in May. Correlation analysis showed that TOC was mainly contributed for the variations of heavy metals. The potential ecological risk analysis of heavy metals indicates that Hg, Cd and Cu should be listed as the priority contaminant metals in Liaodong Bay.
Study on the Influence of Urban Spatial Connection of Beijing Tianjin Hebei Urban Agglomeration on Total factor Productivity
Authors: Hongmei Wang , Zhihui Lu
Published: November 2020

The development of a city can not be separated from the connection with the outside world. A city can benefit from the external effect of the connection network with other cities. This paper studies the relationship between cities’ connection strength and TFP according to the network centrality index, which measures the level of the connection between cities. It is found that the connection between cities has a significant positive role in promoting the TFP of cities in a city cluster. The differences of labor scale, industrial structure and openness are the main factors that affect the connection between cities.
The optimization of pre-slug size in CO2-N2 compound flooding
Authors: Chen Taoping , Sun Wen , Zhang Guofang , Wang Fuping
Published: November 2020

In order to enhance oil recovery in low and ultra-low permeability layer, both of the numerical simulation and physical model experiment have been researched. First, the dynamic distribution of CO1 and N1 in the oil and gas phase in the CO2-N2 compound flooding process was numerically simulated by using the long slim-tube model. The results show that the CO2 slug should have at least 0.3 PV to prevent the impact of N2 channeling effectively. Second, under the experimental conditions of complete miscibility of CO2-crude oil, the two types of natural cores including low and ultra-low permeability, respectively, are used for experimental study on oil displacement. The results confirm that CO2-N2 compound flooding with 0.3 PV CO2 pre-slug can achieve a good result. Finally, a five-point well pattern element model is established by CMG. The recovery and the gas cost of per ton of oil are calculated respectively for CO2-N2 compound flooding and full CO2 flooding at 300 m well spacing of low and ultra-low permeability layer. According to the simulation results, the optimal CO2 pre-slug size in CO2-N2 compound flooding under the condition of low and ultra-low permeability layer five-point well pattern is 0.4 PV.
Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth Based on MODIS
Authors: Lv Jie , Mao Xianglai
Published: November 2020

Aerosol plays an important role in global climate effect, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), as one of its important parameters, can not only monitor the turbidity of the atmosphere, but also is an important index of atmospheric correction quality in remote sensing. Urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is a key national-level urban agglomerations in China, and its rapid urbanization leads to the aggravation of urban diseases such as disorderly development of cities, waste of resources and environmental pollution, and the research on ecological environment problems of urban agglomerations is also the current key project.In view of the above problems, this paper studies the AOD inversion and its spatial and temporal distribution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in order to provide important scientific materials for environmental monitoring and satellite atmospheric correction quality inspection.
Water by Pre-oxidation with Membrane Separation Technique
Authors: Shi Mengchao
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to establish a model to analyze and compare different types of pre-oxidation technologies in shale gas backflow, so as to guide actual production. With the progress of membrane-based processes, membrane separation technique shows great potential in shale gas flowback and produced water (SGFPW) reuse. But membrane fouling due to high concentration of organic matter is still a big problem. Therefore, using integrated process, which combines pre-oxidation with membrane separation, is a good way to deal with membrane fouling. However, there are various kinds of oxidation technologies that can be used into shale gas wastewater treatment, meaning that there needs to be a scheme to guide which technology can do best in different situations. In this paper, the output-output model is used to analyze the pre-oxidation technology. The current pre-oxidation technology is divided into two types, among which the most representative ozonation and Fenton oxidation are selected as examples, and the capital investment in this link is taken as the index for analysis. It is concluded that Fenton oxidation method can be used when the amount of waste water is small, but when the amount of waste water is large, the economic benefit of ozonation is higher. Similarly, this model can be widely applied to the analysis and comparison of a large number of pre-oxidation technologies in shale gas wastewater, and can also be modified as the technology advances.
Research on the Impact of Reclamation Project on the Marine Environment in the Dongjiang Area of Tianjin Port
Authors: Bin Liu , Ning Wang , Wanying Zhang
Published: November 2020

With the development of cities and the continuous expansion of human activities, the impact of humans on nature has gradually become prominent. After the Industrial Revolution, the relationship between humans and nature has undergone a subtle change. Whether human beings actively interfere with nature or unconsciously influence the natural environment through behavioral facts, the progress of many human societies is accompanied by the consumption and damage of natural energy. At the same time, nature is also using facts to remind humans that the environmental degradation caused by excessive intervention will eventually affect humans themselves. This study collected 2003, 2012, 2016, and 2019 survey data of seawater quality and ecological environment near the Tianjin Dongjiang Port area. Through a single factor analysis method, we found that the marine environment changes in this area in recent years. The development of Tianjin’s urban area is closely related to the development of the port. At the same time, the sea reclamation project in Dongjiang may also be one of the reasons for this change. sea reclamation project in Dongjiang may also be one of the reasons for this change.
Analysis of annual-averaged water level changes at the tail of Fuhe River, inflow of Poyang Lake
Authors: GE Hua , DENG Chunyan
Published: November 2020

The area at the tail end of Fuhe River has an important economic and social status and ecological protection needs. Its water level change is directly related to the water security of this region. Based on the daily average water level observation data of three hydrologic stations in the end of Fuhe River in the past 70 years, the change trend of annual average water level was analysed by using Mann-Kendall and moving average methods. The results show that there has been a continuous downward trend of water level at the tail end of Fuhe River. The water level drop along the river was 1.3m to 3.5m, and abrupt changes had occurred in the 1990s and early 20th century.
Rainwater Utilization and Construction of Sponge city
Authors: Yang Yiwen
Published: November 2020

Rainwater utilization is a technical means of comprehensive utilization of rainwater. These include environmentally and economically friendly methods of irrigating farmland and storing water for flushing. The construction of “sponge city” is also the key point that the society pays close attention to nowadays. Rainwater utilization and “sponge city” are to solve the problem of urban waterlogging from the concept to the purpose of construction. Based on certain data, this paper analyzes and expounds the current situation of rainwater utilization at home and abroad, the progress of “sponge city” construction and the desirable experience of advanced countries, summarizes its development trend through case analysis, and puts forward the prospect of future rainwater utilization and “sponge city” construction and development.
Study on the interaction process of ozone-treated Direct Red 80 and Human serum albumin at the molecular level
Authors: Song Yan , Shi Yuzhi , Zhang Kejia
Published: November 2020

In recent years, as the production and use of dyes have been greatly developed, the treatment of dye wastewater has become one of the current environmental problems that must be resolved. Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant and is widely used in water treatment. In this study, the interaction process of ozone-treated Direct Red 80 (otDR80) and human serum albumin (HSA) was explored using multi-spectra methods. The results showed that otDR80 made the skeleton structure of HSA loosened and unfolded. OtDR80 changed the secondary structure of HSA, making the chromophore in the hydrophobic interior of HSA more tightly packed. The intensity of RLS spectra showed a upward trend after exposure to otDR80, indicating that the size of the reaction system increased. This study provides a new method for the degradation of DR80 and its toxicological study at the molecular level. study at the molecular level.
Numerical study on influence of waterway regulation project, a case study of Minjiang
Authors: DENG Chunyan , GE Hua
Published: November 2020

The waterway regulation project from Longxikou junction to Hejiangmen of Yibin, Minjiang River, is an urgent need for the construction of a comprehensive transportation hub in Western Sichuan Province. It plays a positive role in promoting the social and economic development of the economic region and has significant social benefits. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model is established to study the variation characteristics of river water level and velocity before and after the implementation of waterway regulation project. The research ideas and results can provide reference for similar projects.
Advanced detection and analysis of inclined shaft passing through aquifer in the mine of western China
Authors: Li Shenglin , Guo Liquan , Wu Rongxin , Hu Xiongwu , Fu Maoru
Published: November 2020

The thick sandstone aquifer of the Cretaceous Yijun formation is rich in water and poor in predictability. Under this circumstance, the issue of the main inclined shaft of the mine in western China has been studied. Then, the comprehensive geophysical method is used in the field for advanced exploration and prediction. Based on the mine transient electromagnetic method and direct current resistivity method, the comprehensive advanced detection is carried out. Furthermore, the low resistance area in front is determined, the geological anomaly position and characteristics in front of the head are judged, and the water rich area of the detection is qualitatively evaluated, which provides support for the formulation of production technology scheme. The driving construction verification shows that the result of comprehensive geophysical exploration is basically consistent with the actual one of the shaft, and the detection accuracy of the relatively rich water area reaches over 80% which demonstrates that the comprehensive geophysical exploration method can be effectively applied into the construction of inclined shaft driving.
Study on the influence of float parameters on the efficiency of oscillating float wave power generation
Authors: Gao Xinggong , Liu Zeqin , Zhao Wenyuan
Published: November 2020

The world’s environmental pollution is more and more serious, and the human society for the energy demand is more and more large, so o the research of clean new energy is very necessary. In this paper, flow-3D software is used to simulate and study the motion state, velocity, kinetic energy, wave force and amplitude of cone and cylinder floats under different masses with the same wave height, so as to obtain the influence of mass on wave absorption efficiency and output power of these two kinds of floats. The results show that :(1) when the wave height is 0.25m, the wave energy absorption efficiency of the cylindrical and conical float increases first and then decreases with the increase of mass. The absorption efficiency of the 6kg cone float is the best, which is 27.77%. (2) With the increase of mass, the output work of the conical float firstly increases and then decreases, and reaches its maximum value at 6kg, which is 1.27w.
Coastline Management: Review and Countermeasure Proposal
Authors: Suxia HUO , Guogang WANG , Chun XIU , Tianyu ZHANG , Keke CHEN
Published: November 2020

The scientific coastline management is of great significance to the development of marine economy, coordinated development of land and marine and construction of ecological civilization. The coastline management in China has experienced two main stages: (i) the stage of basic survey and jurisprudential establishment, and (ii) the stage of perfection under new situation. There are challenges in promoting modern marine governance and marine power, which are characterized by the lack of high-quality management involvement throughout the coastline management process. Accordingly, coastline supervision is not comprehensive, the standardized system still needs to be improved, and the research on the main function of coastline has not been conducted yet. On this basis, the corresponding strategies were put forward from the perspectives of top-level design, main function, the “double-index” assessment system, requisition-compensation balance of natural coastline, with a view to provide strategic support for coastline management in China.
Cellular Origins of Endometriosis: Towards Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Filby Caitlin E. , Rombauts Luk , Montgomery Grant W. , Giudice Linda C. , Gargett Caroline E.
Published: November 2020

Endometriosis remains an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology, with delayed diagnosis and poor therapeutic options. This review will discuss the cellular, physiological, and genomic evidence of Sampson's hypothesis of retrograde menstruation as a cause of pelvic endometriosis and as the basis of phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. We postulate that collaborative research at the single cell level focused on unlocking the cellular, physiological, and genomic mechanisms of endometriosis will be accompanied by advances in personalized diagnosis and therapies that target unique subtypes of endometriosis disease. These advances will address the clinical conundrums of endometriosis clinical care—including diagnostic delay, suboptimal treatments, disease recurrence, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and quality of life. There is an urgent need to improve outcomes for women with endometriosis. To achieve this, it is imperative that we understand which cells form the lesions, how they arrive at distant sites, and what factors govern their ability to survive and invade at ectopic locations. This review proposes new research avenues to address these basic questions of endometriosis pathobiology that will lay the foundations for new diagnostic tools and treatment pathways.
The public’s comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies
Authors: Trinidad M. Grace , Platt Jodyn , Kardia Sharon L. R.
Published: November 2020

Healthcare systems are using big data-driven methods to realize the vision of learning health systems and improve care quality. In so doing, many are partnering with third-party commercial companies to provide novel data processing and analysis capabilities, while also providing personal health information to a for-profit industry that may store and sell data. In this research we describe the public’s comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies for patient and business purposes and how this comfort is associated with demographic factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, income, insurance status, and self-reported health status), perceived healthcare access, and concerns about privacy. We surveyed the US public (n = 1841) to assess comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies for patient or business purposes and examined whether there was a difference between comfort with data sharing for patient or business purposes. Univariate and stepwise regression modeling is used here to estimate the relationship between comfort with third-party commercial companies for patient and business purposes (outcomes) and demographic factors, self-reported health status, perceived healthcare access, and privacy concerns. The public is more comfortable sharing health data with third party commercial companies for patient purposes as compared to business purposes (paired t = 39.84, p < 0.001). Higher education was associated with greater comfort with sharing health data for patient purposes (β = 0.205, p < 0.001) and decreased comfort with sharing health data for business purposes (β = −0.145, p = 0.079). An inverse relationship exists between privacy concerns and comfort with sharing health data for both patient (β = −0.223, p < 0.001) and business purposes (β = −0.246, p < 0.001). Participants ages 45–59 were less comfortable sharing health data with third party commercial companies for patient purposes (β = −0.154, p = 0.0012) than participants aged 18–29. Proactive acknowledgment of privacy concerns and better communication of the steps being taken to protect the privacy of health data can increase patient comfort. Healthcare systems may be able to increase public and patient comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies by emphasizing the patient-centered benefits of these partnerships.
Panopticon: not a Transformer, but transforming ion trapping technology
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: November 2020

A combination of a hemispherical mirror and unique ion trap design allows for the observation of quantum electrodynamics effects in complex systems.
Identification of internal stresses may improve transistor fabrication in high-voltage components
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2020

Experimental observation of internal stresses produced during deep trench fabrication in high-voltage devices indicates ways to optimize the manufacturing process.
Combining types of strain measurements reduces noise, allowing for ultra-sensitive applications
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: November 2020

By combining measurements that determine strain differently, the multipronged approach can lower noise contributions and determine the source and magnitude of strain with improved precision.
Equine metabolic syndrome: evolution of understanding over two decades: a personal perspective
Authors: Harris Patricia A. , Bamford Nicholas J. , Bailey Simon R.
Published: November 2020

There has been a marked increase in the incidence of equine obesity globally, especially in countries where there has been a shift away from the horse having an economically essential working role. This change in its core role, plus the increasing numbers of individual horse owners without access to traditional knowledge of animal and land management, have helped fuel this equine obesity ‘epidemic’. Other important potential contributory factors include increased availability of good grazing and/or forage, as well as supplementary feeds. Obesity now presents a major welfare issue for horses and ponies, not only because of the direct weight-associated effects, but also due to the increased risk it poses for certain clinical conditions, in particular laminitis. For many owners and veterinarians, obesity and the equine metabolic syndrome are synonymous, but this is not necessarily the case. Furthermore, as we understand more about this syndrome and the causes of endocrinopathic laminitis, the emphasis has shifted from tissue or peripheral insulin resistance to insulin dysregulation. The present paper outlines how our knowledge of equine metabolic syndrome arose and continues to develop, as well as the authors’ personal involvement in some of these advances.
Reproductive performance of northern Australia beef herds. 8. Impact of rainfall and wild dog control on percentage fetal and calf loss
Authors: Allen Lee R. , Barnes Tamsin S. , Fordyce Geoffry , McCosker Kieren D. , McGowan Michael R.
Published: November 2020

Context Dingoes and hybrid domestic dogs (wild dogs) are lethally managed, principally by large-scale baiting programs, to protect Australia’s AU$11.4 billion beef cattle industry from predation. This strategy is promoted by pest management agencies as best practice. Aim To investigate the impact of baiting frequency and rainfall on percentage fetal and calf loss. Methods Using 64 property-years of data from 31 properties located across Queensland and the Northern Territory, 14 171 mating outcomes were investigated to assess whether annual rainfall, relative to 124-year mean annual rainfall, and the frequency that wild dogs were lethally controlled on each property, influenced predicted fetal and calf loss. Key results No effect of baiting frequency on fetal and calf loss in mature cows was observed. Predicted fetal and calf loss was significantly higher in dry and very wet years than in moderate-rainfall years (P < 0.001). Losses were observed to be higher in first-lactation cows when baiting was either: not conducted, conducted every 2–5 years or several times per year (P < 0.05) when compared with baiting annually, suggesting that factors other than baiting frequency are likely to have a stronger impact on calf loss. Conclusions Only limited empirical evidence was found to support lethal control. Further investigations may clarify whether the calves of first-lactation cows experience increased predation risk and whether the effect that dry conditions have on cow nutrition, milk supply and, consequently, the vigour of the cow and calf, may also increase predation risk. Implications Lethal control of wild dogs to protect calves is mostly unnecessary.
Urban metaphors
Authors: Vermeulen Karolien
Published: November 2020

Cities in the biblical text are not mere places, but often also characters in a relationship with both human beings and the divine character. Critical-spatial theory has offered a valuable framework to connect these two roles of the city, introducing a functionally informed understanding of space rather than one that is either material or symbolic (Lefebvre 1974; Soja 1996). This chapter builds upon this research, whilst proposing a stylistic component to the framework in order to assess the nature of the textual city fully. Relying on metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980 [2003]; Kövecses 2010) and framing theory (Entman 1993; Fillmore 1975), the chapter shows how city space is construed in the biblical text. This space tends to rely on a handful of frequently used conceptual metaphors, such as the city is a container and the city is a woman, and less commonly used images, such as the city is an object. Only in exceptional cases does the text turn to novel metaphors that differ significantly from the well-established city imagery. The actual cityscape in the text is the result of a skillful tailoring of images into a specific context.
“Your planet needs you”
Authors: Zurru Elisabetta
Published: November 2020

Against the backdrop of ecocritical and ecolinguistic studies, the chapter advocates a wider engagement with ecological matters of ecostylistics and, consequently, a widening of its aims and scope. In particular, the ecostylistic analysis of the two briefing videos projected at the beginning of the interactive exhibition The Science of Survival: Your Planet Needs You will be analysed to explore how the stylistic choices made in the videos help the intended audience gain or widen their ecological awareness, by making such multifaceted and specialised topics as climate change and sustainability accessible to children and adults alike.
London past and present
Authors: Pillière Linda
Published: November 2020

Cities rely on their historical monuments and past cultural heritage to project their image, and city museums are one means used to achieve this goal. However, the city of the twenty-first century is socially and culturally heterogeneous. How then, can a city museum interact both with the heritage of the past and connect with its present-day multiracial, multilingual population? What are the linguistic tools used to achieve this goal? Using communication theory frameworks and discourse analysis, I will look at the use of exhibition texts at the Museum of London and demonstrate that exhibition texts seek to engage with the public and, in doing so, contribute to reflecting and communicating the city’s many voices.
La explicitación a través de los conectores contrastivos y consecutivos en un corpus de traducción literaria en el par de lenguas francés-español
Authors: Bracho Lapiedra Llum , Peña Martínez Gemma
Published: November 2020

En este estudio pretendemos comparar, en primer lugar, la existencia de un mayor o menor uso de conectores en un subcorpus
literario traducido del francés al español (FRLO-ESLT) y en un subcorpus escrito originalmente en español (ESLO); en segundo lugar,
analizamos la base de las posibles diferencias encontradas en función de la relación semántica discursiva que evidencian estos conectores, y
si responden a la técnica que en traducción se denomina explicitación. Para ello nos hemos centrado en dos tipos de conectores clave, pues
vehiculan relaciones semánticas fundamentales en la comunicación humana: los conectores de carácter contrastivo y aquellos de carácter
consecutivo. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de una de las líneas de investigación del grupo COVALT (Corpus Valencià de Literatura
Traduïda) iniciada con el estudio comparativo de estos mismos conectores en un subcorpus de traducciones del inglés al catalán
frente a un subcorpus literario de catalán lengua original (Marco, 2018).
La unidad verbal cantaría en las gramáticas de ELE
Authors: Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso , Martínez-Atienza de Dios María
Published: November 2020

Con este trabajo pretendemos contribuir a demostrar la necesidad de que los materiales de ELE, en particular las
gramáticas, presenten un adecuado fundamento teórico y metodológico. Para ello, de modo concreto, realizamos un recorrido por la unidad
verbal cantaría en la historia gramatical española. Posteriormente, analizamos el tratamiento de dicha unidad en un corpus constituido por
veinte gramáticas de ELE de distintos niveles de acuerdo con el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas y cuyos
destinatarios son tanto hablantes de cualquier lengua extranjera como hablantes nativos de inglés, francés e italiano. En particular,
estudiamos la variedad terminológica que presenta la unidad cantaría, el contraste que se establece a menudo con otras unidades del sistema
verbal español, así como los ejemplos utilizados para la exposición. A partir del análisis, constatamos la polivalencia que presenta esta
forma verbal en las gramáticas analizadas, la multiplicidad de los valores que denominamos prototípicos y no prototípicos (Zamorano Aguilar y Martínez-Atienza, 2014) y la diversidad en su consideración.
Brewing optimal coffee
Authors: Smith A , Lee W T
Published: November 2020

Coffee is a beverage enjoyed worldwide and an active area of current research. The brewing of coffee also presents an opportunity to demonstrate the model, simulate and optimise paradigm in action. This is done in the context of brewing cafetière coffee. Using a published model and experimental data we show that an existing model can be parameterised to simulate the results of that experiment. From here an optimisation step can be applied in which the experimental recipe can be changed to improve the quality of the coffee produced in the experiment. This activity is implemented in the NUMBAS platform.
Non-stationary multi-layered Gaussian priors for Bayesian inversion
Authors: Emzir Muhammad , Lasanen Sari , Purisha Zenith , Roininen Lassi , Särkkä Simo
Published: November 2020

In this article, we study Bayesian inverse problems with multi-layered Gaussian priors. The aim of the multi-layered hierarchical prior is to provide enough complexity structure to allow for both smoothing and edge-preserving properties at the same time. We first describe the conditionally Gaussian layers in terms of a system of stochastic partial differential equations. We then build the computational inference method using a finite-dimensional Galerkin method. We show that the proposed approximation has a convergence-in-probability property to the solution of the original multi-layered model. We then carry out Bayesian inference using the preconditioned Crank–Nicolson algorithm which is modified to work with multi-layered Gaussian fields. We show via numerical experiments in signal deconvolution and computerized x-ray tomography problems that the proposed method can offer both smoothing and edge preservation at the same time.
A pulsed freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator and power management circuit to harvest rotation energy from an automobile brake
Authors: Han Jingbo , Li Hongkai , Fu Tianbo
Published: November 2020

A lot of mechanical energy is lost in the braking process of automobiles, and it is feasible to harvest the energy and power electronic devices by using the technology of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In this study, we propose a pulsed freestanding TENG (PF-TENG) with a grid structure to harvest mechanical energy in the braking process, and use electric brushes to achieve a unidirectional pulsed output. We also design a passive power management circuit (P-PMC) to process and store the energy output. First, the general analytical solutions of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit charge and output capacitance are derived from the theoretical model. According to the simulation results by using the finite element method, it is proved that the output energy of PF-TENG is independent of the grid number and proportional to the rotation speed. Second, the circuit simulation results demonstrate that P-PMC achieves impedance matching with the PF-TENG. The output power can maintain the maximum value under a wide load range and the optimal conversion efficiency is 94%. It is also found that the charging speed increases when the inductance value or the capacitance value decreases. In addition, a large pulse width makes the PF-TENG discharge completely. Finally, it is demonstrated that the PF-TENG can be used as a sensor to detect the wear depth of the brake pad with the open-circuit voltage.
On relativistic quantum mechanics of the Majorana particle: quaternions, paired plane waves, and orthogonal representations of the Poincaré group
Authors: Arodź H , Świerczyński Z
Published: November 2020

The standard momentum operator −i∇ has the trivial domain (the null vector) if the L
2 Hilbert space consists of only real-valued functions. In consequence, it is useless in quantum mechanics of the relativistic Majorana particle which is formulated in such a Hilbert space. Instead, one can consider the axial momentum operator introduced in (2019) Phys. Lett. A
383 1242. In the present paper we report several new results which elucidate usability of the axial momentum observable. First, a new motivation for the axial momentum is given, and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation checked. Next, we show that the general solution of time evolution equation written in the axial momentum basis has a connection with quaternions. Furthermore, it turns out that in the case of massive Majorana particles, single traveling monochromatic plane waves are not possible, but there exist solutions which have the form of two plane waves traveling in opposite directions. Another issue discussed here in detail is relativistic invariance. A single real, orthogonal and irreducible representation of the Poincaré group—consistent with the lack of antiparticle—is unveiled.
Anharmonic, dimensionality and size effects in phonon transport (2017 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
29 505703)
Authors: Thomas Iorwerth O , Srivastava G P
Published: November 2020

Corrigendum to 2017 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
29 505703.
How accurate for phonon models to predict the thermodynamics properties of crystals
Authors: Gong Le-Cheng , Ning Bo-Yuan , Ming Chen , Weng Tsu-Chien , Ning Xi-Jing
Published: November 2020

Previous work has shown that thermodynamics properties calculated by phonon model with quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) may differ badly from experiment in some cases. The inaccuracy was examined in the present work by comparing the results of QHA for argon and copper crystal with the ones of molecular dynamics simulations, partition functions obtained by a new method or experiment. It is shown that QHA works well for the systems of atomic volume smaller than 22 Å3/atom and the accuracy gets lower and lower gradually with increasing of the atomic volume. Based on this fact, the disagreement (or agreement) between the thermodynamics properties of MgO, Si, CaO, ZrO2 calculated in previous work by QHA and the experiments can be well understood.
Characterization of biases between BDS-3 and BDS-2, GPS, Galileo and GLONASS observations and their effect on precise time and frequency transfer
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Tu Rui , Han Junqiang , Gao Yuping , Zhang Rui , Lu Xiaochun
Published: November 2020

With the development of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), from a regional system BDS-2 to a global system BDS-3, more satellites can now be employed in the domain of globally precise time and frequency transfer. However, if the current BDS-3 and BDS-2, Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo and GLObal NAvigation satellite system (GLONASS) are combined for multi-global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) time transfer, the characteristics of inter-system biases (ISBs) remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of ISBs between BDS-3 and BDS-2, GPS, Galileo and GLONASS, and revealed that their ISB series is not constant and that all the daily ISB series of the multi-GNSS show some systematic characteristics among different stations. Therefore, three stochastic models for ISBs of white noise process, random constant process and random walk process expressed as ‘White’, ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’, respectively, were employed to assess the performance of the time and frequency transfer using the time link accuracy and frequency stability indicators. The results show that the models for the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes are notably better than that for the ‘White’ scheme by 10.4% and 16.8%, respectively, for the least noisy time link of WTZZ-BRCH. Furthermore, the improvements in the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes are 2.1% and 3.5%, respectively, for the TP01-BRCH time link, when compared with that of the ‘White’ scheme. With respect to frequency stability, the ‘Hour’ and ‘Walk’ schemes also perform better in terms of frequency stability than the ‘White’ scheme at different time intervals. Similarly, the improvements over the ‘White’ scheme are 5.05% and 4.97% for the TP01-BRCH time link and are 24.01% and 32.48% for the WTZZ-BRCH time link.
Soil organic matter determination based on artificial olfactory system and PLSR-BPNN
Authors: Huang Dongyan , Liu He , Zhu Longtu , Li Mingwei , Xia Xiaomeng , Qi Jiangtao
Published: November 2020

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator of soil fertility. For accurate measurement of SOM, a novel method based on an artificial olfactory system (AOS) was proposed. The response curves of soil volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a metal-oxide semiconductor sensor array, and four features (including maximum value, mean differential coefficient, response area, and the transient value at the 20th second) were obtained from the curves and used to build olfactory feature space. Then, prediction models were established using the pattern recognition algorithm. To further enhance the accuracy of AOS measurement, we used Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV) to identify and eliminate the abnormal samples of the soil olfactory feature space. Then, the dimension reduction method of the genetic algorithm (GA)back-propagation (BP) was used to find the appropriate feature vectors, and two types of hybrid models were presented. One was the support vector machine (SVM) and group method of data handling (GMDH) combined model—SVM-GMDH. The other was a combination of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN)—PLSR-BPNN. The forecasting performances of three single models (BPNN, PLSR, support vector regression: SVR) and two combined models (PLSR-BPNN, SVM-GMDH) were comparatively evaluated. The evaluation indices included coefficient of determination (R
2), root mean square error (RMSE), ratio of performance to deviation and relative prediction error (RPE). It was found that the predictive capabilities of all five tested models were improved after elimination of abnormal samples and feature reduction. Moreover, PLSR-BPNN performed the best in predicting SOM concentrations, with R
2 = 0.952, RMSE = 1.771, PRD = 4.291, and slight variation of RPE within 0–0.185, and thus can offer a reference for predicting SOM via AOS.
A reconstruction method for cone-beam computed laminography based on projection transformation
Authors: Sun Liang , Zhou Guangjin , Qin Zerui , Yuan Songmei , Lin Qiang , Gui Zhiguo , Yang Min
Published: November 2020

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely popular nondestructive testing technique for engineering and medical purposes, but its limitation is openly recognized in the inspection of large components, particularly for plate-type structures. Computed laminography (CL) avoids this defect. Nowadays, most of the existing analytical CL reconstruction approaches ignore the problem that the projection data under the CL scanning structure does not strictly meet the conditions of the standard filtered back-projection (FBP) or Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK) method. Since the original CL data are directly filtered without considering the influence of the tilt angle of the CL rotation axis, this will affect the quality of the reconstructed images. In view of this situation, a conversion method of cone-beam CL data based on projection transformation is proposed, which is also referred to as the CL re-projection (CLRP). The collected CL projections can be corrected to satisfy the filtering requirements. We establish a virtual CT detector and use the CLRP to convert the known CL data into the projection on the virtual detector. Then, the FDK method commonly used in cone-beam CT is applied to reconstruct the converted data. Through the above two steps to achieve CL reconstruction. Computer simulations and experimental results show that the CLRP algorithm can accurately convert the raw CL data into those which satisfying the FDK method. The CLRP can decline the information aliasing to a certain extent. Compared with the existing CL-FBP algorithm, the CLRP-FDK method for CL reconstruction can effectively reduce image artifacts. The CLRP algorithm provides a new idea for CL reconstruction and plays an important role in practical engineering applications.
Classification of 12-lead ECGs: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020
Authors: Perez Alday Erick A , Gu Annie , J Shah Amit , Robichaux Chad , Ian Wong An-Kwok , Liu Chengyu , Liu Feifei , Bahrami Rad Ali , Elola Andoni , Seyedi Salman , Li Qiao , Sharma Ashish , Clifford Gari D , Reyna Matthew A
Published: November 2020

Objective: Vast 12-lead ECGs repositories provide opportunities to develop new machine learning approaches for creating accurate and automatic diagnostic systems for cardiac abnormalities. However, most 12-lead ECG classification studies are trained, tested, or developed in single, small, or relatively homogeneous datasets. In addition, most algorithms focus on identifying small numbers of cardiac arrhythmias that do not represent the complexity and difficulty of ECG interpretation. This work addresses these issues by providing a standard, multi-institutional database and a novel scoring metric through a public competition: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020. Approach: A total of 66 361 12-lead ECG recordings were sourced from six hospital systems from four countries across three continents; 43 101 recordings were posted publicly with a focus on 27 diagnoses. For the first time in a public competition, we required teams to publish open-source code for both training and testing their algorithms, ensuring full scientific reproducibility. Main results: A total of 217 teams submitted 1395 algorithms during the Challenge, representing a diversity of approaches for identifying cardiac abnormalities from both academia and industry. As with previous Challenges, high-performing algorithms exhibited significant drops (

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10%) in performance on the hidden test data. Significance: Data from diverse institutions allowed us to assess algorithmic generalizability. A novel evaluation metric considered different misclassification errors for different cardiac abnormalities, capturing the outcomes and risks of different diagnoses. Requiring both trained models and code for training models improved the generalizability of submissions, setting a new bar in reproducibility for public data science competitions.
Two distinctive regimes in the charge transport of a magnetic topological ultra thin film
Authors: Sabzalipour Amir , Mir Moslem , Zarenia Mohammad , Partoens Bart
Published: November 2020

The effect of the magnetic impurities on the charge transport in a magnetic topological ultra-thin film (MTF) is analytically investigated by applying the semi-classical Boltzmann framework through a modified relaxation-time approximation. Our results for the relaxation time of electrons as well as the charge conductivity of the system exhibit two distinct regimes of transport. We show that the generated charge current in a MTF is always dissipative and anisotropic when both conduction bands are involved in the charge transport. The magnetic impurities induce a chirality selection rule for the transitions of electrons which can be altered by changing the orientation of the magnetic impurities. On the other hand, when a single conduction band participates in the charge transport, the resistivity is isotropic and can be entirely suppressed due to the corresponding chirality selection rule. Our findings propose a method to determine an onset thickness at which a crossover from a three-dimensional magnetic topological insulator to a (two-dimensional) MTF occurs.