bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Improvement of Permanent Magnet Motor Using Single- and Multi-Objective Approaches
Authors: Cvetkovski Goga , Petkovska Lidija
Published: January 2024

Optimisation, or optimal design, has become a fundamental aspect of engineering across various domains, including power devices, power systems, and industrial systems. Engineers and academics have been actively involved in optimising these systems to achieve better performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Optimising electrical machines, including permanent magnet motors, is a complex task. It often involves solving intricate problems with various parameters and constraints. Engineers use different optimisation methods to tackle these challenges. Depending on the specific requirements and goals of a design project, engineers may employ either single-objective or multi-objective optimisation approaches. Single-objective optimisation focuses on optimising a single objective, while multi-objective optimisation considers multiple conflicting objectives. In optimisation, objective functions are mathematical representations of what needs to be optimised. In this case, optimising the efficiency of the motor, reducing cogging torque, and minimising the total weight of active materials are defined as possible objective functions. Genetic algorithms are nature based algorithms that are commonly used in engineering to find optimal solutions to complex problems, including those with multiple objectives. In this paper, after conducting optimisations using different objective functions and methods, a comparative analysis of the results is performed. This helps in understanding the trade-offs and benefits of different design choices. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational method used to analyse the physical properties and behaviours of complex structures and systems. In this case, FEA is used to validate and analyse selected optimisation solutions to ensure they meet the desired characteristics and parameters. Overall, this work demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of engineering, where mathematics, computer science (for optimisation algorithms), and physics (for FEA) converge to improve the performance and efficiency of electrical machines. It also underscores the importance of considering multiple objectives in design processes to find optimal solutions that strike a balance between competing goals.
Public Administration Functions in the Developing Hydrogen Market
Authors: Pinkas Aleksandra
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to present the functions of public administration in the developing hydrogen market from the perspective of current European Union and national legal regulations. Considerations in this regard are preceded by justification for the necessity of adopting a law for the use of hydrogen in the energy system in view of the threats resulting from the energy and climate crisis.
An investigation of large-leaved Gunnera L. (Gunneraceae) grown outside in Britain and Ireland
Authors: Edwards Dawn , Armitage James , Bilsborrow Jordan , David John , Gebauer Marlene , Hassemer Gustavo , Shaw Julian , Sheehy Skeffington Micheline , Könyves Kálmán
Published: January 2024

A molecular investigation of large-leaved Gunnera growing outside in Britain and Ireland was conducted. Two low-copy nuclear CYCLOIDEA-like genes (CYC-like 1 and CYC-like 2) and two chloroplast DNA regions (matK and psbD-trnT) were sequenced for 271 samples of Gunnera. While it was confirmed that genuine G. tinctoria is growing both in cultivation and in the wild, the results support recently published morphological and historical findings that the species G. manicata appears no longer to be present in Britain and Ireland. Instead, the plant under this name is G. × cryptica, a hybrid between G. manicata and G. tinctoria. The implication of this discovery for legislation on invasive non-native species where G. manicata and G. tinctoria are listed is explored.
Nota editorial
Authors: Aubry Kenia , Chouciño Ana
Published: January 2024

El proyecto de investigación Poesía y política contemporáneas: conflicto social y dialogismos poéticos, al que pertenecemos las coordinadoras de este número de El Pez y la Flecha, investiga las modalidades y consecuencias de la relación entre poética y política en las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas.
Bajtín y el poema como objeto de atención sociocrítica
Authors: Casas Arturo
Published: January 2024

La sociocrítica es una corriente desarrollada, en particular, en el ámbito académico francófono, que incorpora parte de las bases teóricas marxistas sobre el análisis literario, en especial en el sentido en el que fueron reformuladas por Lukács y Goldmann y, en otro orden, también por Bajtín y Adorno, con el propósito de desmarcar ese análisis de la simple descripción de contenidos y de una serie de determinismos. Se verá aquí en qué medida la sociocrítica, habitualmente centrada en el estudio de la ficción narrativa, puede ser útil para un análisis del poema atento a lo social como lenguaje, a la interdiscursividad y, en la tradición teórica de Bajtín y Volóshinov, al carácter ideológico y dialógico de todo acto comunicativo.
Bakhtin and the Poem as a Sociocritical Subject
Abstract
Sociocriticism is a trend particularly developed in the academic sphere of the Francophonie. It incorporates some of the Marxist theoretical bases for literary analysis, especially as reformulated by Lukács and Goldmann, and in another direction also by Bakhtin and Adorno, with the aim of avoiding the mere description of contents and a series of different determinisms. Sociocriticism has usually been focused on the study of narrative fiction. This paper, however, will explore the extent to which sociocriticism could be useful in analysing poetry with an approach to the social as language, to interdiscursivity, and, in Bakhtin and Voloshinov’s tradition, to the ideological and dialogical status of every communicative act.
Recibido: 08 de septiembre de 2023Dictaminado: 02 de octubre de 2023Aceptado: 23 de noviembre de 2023
Poesía, política y resistencia: el feminismo y la lengua gallega del grupo Cinta Adhesiva
Authors: Carvalho Fonseca Maria Gislene
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo presenta algunos aspectos reconocidos en las composiciones poéticas de Silvia Penas, realizadas para el grupo Cinta Adhesiva. Trabajamos, para ello, con los conceptos de performance de Zumthor y de lenguaje de Bajtín, para considerar los aspectos ideológicos de la poesía del conjunto mencionado. El grupo Cinta Adhesiva se manifiesta políticamente en sus presentaciones con el uso del gallego como lengua principal y el abordaje de cuestiones de género, aspectos que llaman la atención sobre la función transformadora del arte.
Poetry, Politics and Resistance: Feminism and the Galician Language in the Poetry by Cinta Adheziva Gropu
Abstract
This paper presents aspects observed in poetry compositions of Silvia Penas for Cinta Adhesiva. We use concepts of performance by Zumthor and language by Bajtín, to talking about ideologic aspects of poetry. Cinta Adhesiva make it politics using galician language and talking about feminism, making appoint of transformative action of art.
Recibido: 08 de septiembre de 2023Dictaminado: 05 de octubre de 2023Aceptado: 24 de noviembre de 2023
La dimensión cívica en la poesía infantil: una propuesta didáctica desde REA
Authors: Ballester Pardo Ignacio
Published: January 2024

También en la poesía dirigida a un público infantil –de seis a doce años– advertimos compromiso social de cara a la habitabilidad urbana y rural. Es por eso por lo que las obras comentadas en este artículo se vinculan con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ods) que establece Naciones Unidas de cara a la Agenda 2030. Partimos de Recursos Educativos Abiertos (rea), así como de la colección Lectores niños y jóvenes del Fondo Editorial del Estado de México y del blog del poeta veracruzano Adolfo Córdova, Linternas y bosques, con el objetivo asimismo de generar lineamientos sobre los que trabajar tales referencias en el aula. Con la lectura de los poetas aquí presentes, como Becky Rubinstein en Adivina quién soy (2021) o Núria Gómez Benet en El berrinche de Moctezuma (2022), establecemos un acercamiento pedagógico para quienes se aproximan a la lírica y encuentran en ella, igualmente, una reivindicación del medio desde la perspectiva ecocrítica.
The civic dimension in children’s poetry: a didactic proposal from rea
Abstract
It is possible to comment the poetry aimed at children –from six to twelve years– due to its social commitment towards urban and rural habitability. So, the works discussed in this article are linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) established by the United Nations for the 2030 Agenda. We start from Open Educational Resources (oer) as the Children and Youth Readers collection of the Editorial Fund from the State of Mexico or the blog of the Veracruz poet Adolfo Córdova, Linternas y bosques, with the aim of generating guidelines [am reference to work with] on which to work such references in the classroom. With the reading of poets present here, such as Becky Rubinstein in Adivina quién soy (2021) or Núria Gómez Benet in El berrinche de Moctezuma (2022), we establish a pedagogical sense approach for those who approach poetry and find in it, likewise, a defense claim of the medium from an the ecocritical perspective.
Recibido: 02 de junio de 2023Dictaminado: 22 de septiembre de 2023Aceptado: 30 de noviembre de 2023
Políticas de la felicidad: Un viaje a la India revisitada
Authors: Meneses Pedro
Published: January 2024

Este artículo pretende analizar algunas estrofas de Un viaje a la India de Gonçalo M. Tavares, una epopeya de 2010. La obra es inicialmente contextualizada, relacionándola sucintamente con otra epopeya, su hipertexto: Los Lusiadas (1572) de Luís de Camões. Se argumenta que la civilización occidental es una máquina, ora sutil ora violenta, de producción de impoder, siendo Bloom, el protagonista de la obra de Tavares, títere representativo de esa circunstancia. Se hará una problematización en torno al acto de creación poética, recalcándose su inoperatividad, su imprevisibilidad, a raíz de estar basada en la libre asociación de palabras, y se va a comparar la escritura literaria y el sueño, puesto que ambas actividades humanas configuran fugas del mundo. Para finalizar, el artículo retoma el tema del desencantamiento en un siglo realista y debate la hipótesis según la cual actualmente es impensable haber políticas para la felicidad.
Policies of happiness: Un viaje a la India revisited
Abstract
This article intends to analyse Un viaje a la India by Gonçalo M. Tavares, an epic text published in 2010. The work is initially contextualized by succinctly relating it to another epic, its hypertext: Los Lusiadas (1572) by Luís de Camões. It is argued that Western civilization is a machine, either subtle or violent, that produces powerlessness, and Bloom, the protagonist of Tavares’ work, a representative puppet of that circumstance. A problematization will be made around the act of poetic creation, emphasizing its inoperability, its unpredictability, because it’s based on the free association of words. Literary writing will be compared with dreams since both human activities configure escapes from the world. Finally, the article takes up the issue of disenchantment in a realistic century and it debates the hypothesis according to which it is currently unthinkable the existence of policies for happiness.
Recibido: 12 de septiembre de 2023Dictaminado: 13 de octubre de 2023Aceptado: 19 de octubre de 2023
La imprenta de Antonio Vanegas Arroyo, una diversidad de temas y formatos
Authors: Colosio García Claudia Alejandra
Published: January 2024

Danira López Torres (Ed.). (2021). La imprenta de Antonio Vanegas Arroyo, una diversidad de temas y formatos. 205 pp. isbn: 978-607-8782-74. San Luis Potosí: El Colegio de San Luis.
El estudio de la tradición editorial de los pliegos de cordel beneficia el rescate y la preservación integral del patrimonio bibliográfico nacional. El conjunto de estudios que comprende el valioso libro La imprenta de Antonio Vanegas Arroyo, una diversidad de temas y formatos ejemplifica la materialización de estos esfuerzos.
Environmental literacy, the key to sustainable conservation of wetlands in urban areas
Authors: NZVERE Cain , CHIRUBVU Lovemore , MASUNDA Thebeth
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on understanding human effect on urban development and wetland degradation in Harare and Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. Wetlands are a crucial ecosystem as various living things depend on them for their survival and existence. In Africa, particularly Zimbabwe, continued existence of wetlands is under threat due to human activities, such as construction of houses, urban farming and waste dumping. There are limited conservation efforts in place to save the resourceful wetlands whose benefits to human beings and other various living species are immeasurable. This study was conducted in Seke in Chitungwiza, Warren Park and Mufakose in Harare where wetlands are affected by human activities. The study explores the effect of urban development on environmental sustainability due to urbanisation. A qualitative approach was adopted where 30 households were engaged in in-depth interviews. The study highlighted various reasons for residing, farming and dumping waste on wetlands.Moreover, the study explores challenges associated with living in wetlands,while showcasing the limitedlevels of environmental literacy among residents regarding wetlands and environmental conservation. Major gaps have been realised on environment literacy and policies that govern environmental conservation and these were identified as the main factors contributing towards continued wetland degradation in the three areas under the study. The study concluded that individuals are more concerned with their primary needs of securing food and shelter, with little or no consideration of the after effects of such on the environment which include individual heath, as well as depreciation of other services and goods found in wetlands. Recommendations have been put forward to ensure that literacy levels are increased and more importantly, comprehensive and binding policies should be put in place to enforce the conservation strategies.
Disruptively regional: How women in Regional, Rural and Remote communities ‘imagine’ with and through digital and social media
Authors: BRABAZON Tara , EWART Jacqueline
Published: January 2024

Too often, regional, rural and remote cities and towns are configured in deficit to the metropolis.  As local newspapers have closed, how are local stories gathered, understood, published and disseminated?  The objective of this article probes how women leaders in the media industries deploy their lived experiences to re/shape, reimagine and sustain regional, rural and remote life through digitizing community leadership. We explore how technology provides new opportunities to share stories of women’s strength and capacity to build new pathways between information and citizens.  Using original interviews, we investigate how women in these locations use the internet and digitization to share stories of their communities and culture to metropolitan environments in the absence of truly local news outlets, bypassing traditional news media and taking control of how their stories are told. This approach to the research demonstrates that alternative modes of ‘writing back’ are emerging.  Certainly, analogue injustices overlay digital inequalities. However, the opportunities and potential for resistance and interventions are revealed and disseminated the courage, direction and gumption of women summoning a different mode of media leadership that is critiques and transforms traditional models of ownership, production, and consumption.  The implications of this paper are important, as we offer a fresh model to think about regional media and regional media leadership.  Yet the value of this research transcends media, summoning a model of social, cultural, and economic transformation, through digitization, disintermediation and deterritorialization.
Needs and Options for Improving Gold Mining Waste Management Practices for Sustainable Development in Tanzania
Authors: MARWA Alexander
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study was to evaluate current mining waste management practices and their challenges. This study aimed to identify existing technologies and practices, and to present improvement needs and options for environmentally sustainable practices for mining operations. Other researchers have reported many practices and technologies for managing mining waste, but the efficiency, applicability, and need for customization were not specifically addressed for developing countries. This study used field observations, measurement methods, and laboratory analysis to collect data. This study showed a large amount of mine waste rock compared to the tailings wastewater from gold processing plant produced annually. This comprises approximately 5.2 million m3 of mine contaminated water generated by leaching from the waste rock dump (WRD) and 2.3 million m3 from the tailings storage facility (TSF). The study also identified the use of TSF cut-off trenches for seepage collection, the use of lime to treat acid mine drainage (AMD), the discharge of AMD into the TSF, and the recycling of TSF water as the best practices for managing mining waste. Furthermore, the study also found that the most common environmental problems were caused by TSF water and AMD water. However, mining waste management can be improved by modifying existing practices and adopting cost-effective technologies and practices to control and treat excess mining water.
The Protective Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Bioactive Compounds of Mimosa pudica L. Leaves in Methylglyoxal-induced Glucotoxicity
Authors: Lan Pham Thi , Thi Nguyet Hang Pham , Thanh Tung Bui
Published: January 2024

Mimosa pudica L. has been used as a traditional medicine to treat leprosy, dysentery, burning sensation, asthma, inflammation, fatigue, and blood diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction and two compounds protocatechuic acid and syringic acid of Mimosa pudica L. against methylglyoxal (MGO)- induced glucotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of EtOAc fraction and two compounds of Mimosa pudica L. on glucotoxicity in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and inhibit Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and also breaking effects on MGO-AGEs were measured. Our results demonstrated that EtOAc fraction and two bioactive compounds protocatechuic acid and syringic acid of Mimosa pudica L. leaves inhibit MGO-induced AGEs formation, and break down MGO-AGEs, resulting in the reduction of glucotoxicity. EtOAc fraction and two bioactive compounds protocatechuic acid and syringic acid are promised in effective in preventing or treating MGO-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Keywords: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs); Methylglyoxal (MGO); Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); Mimosa pudica L.; ethyl acetate fraction; protocatechuic acid; syringic acid.

 

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Two-Parts Bilateral Dse-Hinge Design Maxillary Denture Stabilizer
Authors: A. Hatim Nadira , I. Al-Khyet Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, the adult patient male or female demand for esthetic as a first choice in relation to other factors. The current case report introduces a technique of treating a young patient with complicated problems of bad condition of remaining teeth with partially edentulous arch. In this study a new precession attachment (Dse-HINGE) design was used to make prosthodontic appliance more comfortable, and esthetically acceptable than traditional design removable partial denture. The results of this procedure showed a successful clinical treatments with fixed bridge and new Dse-Hinge attachment removable prosthesis. Finally, patient remarks a preferable esthetic, stabilization, retention, and more comfortable function results of fixed prosthesis with Dse-Hinge attachment in relation to previous conventional removable prosthesis.
Comparison of Some Properties between Commercially Available Gypsum Products
Authors: K. Jassim Tameem
Published: January 2024

Gypsum models are often used in dental healthcare, and there is an increased need for manipulation of master casts in extensive reconstructions requi ring a material that is not easily abraded or damaged with dimensional accuracy, accurate reproduction of details, and the use of a voids free surface master model. This study was conducted to compare between commercially available type III and type IV dental stones in some of their properties. Four groups were compared: Zhermack and Geastone of Type III dental stone, and Zhermack and Bluejey of Type IV improved dental stone. Ten specimens were fabricated for each material from a rubber ring w ith dimensions of 20mm height and 30mm diameter. Dimensional stability, reproduction of details, surface porosity, and surface hardness were evaluated for the different gypsum products. Results of this study show that for the dimensional stability there was an increase in dimension more than that of the test block and was only highly significant for groups Z3 and Z4. The surface hardness for groups Z3 and Z4 was significant higher than groups G3 and B4 in all of time intervals except after 24h for groups Z4 and B4 this was insignificant. Surface porosity test and reproduction of details test, both revealed no significant difference between the test groups. As conclusion the Zhermack dental stone products, type III & IV, showed higher surface hardness than Zeus dental stone products, type III & IV (Geastone and Bluejey). On the other hand we found that Zeus dental stone products showed good dimensional stability than the Zhermack dental stone products. All stone products provided similar scores for details reproduction, and were similar in relation to surface porosity.
Use of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosis Oral and Maxillo-Facial Tumors
Authors: H. Abdulla Emad , Y. Igzeer Khalid
Published: January 2024

The Technique of fine needle aspiration biopsy (F.N.A.B.) was evaluated in the field of maxillofacial surgery. For this purpose comparison of cyt ological results with the conventional histo pathological results were take place. Seventy-two specimens were obtained by F.N.A.B. from 60 patients with age range from 3-84 years of both sexes, 11.7% of the patients had previous history of diagnosed malignant tumors. Cytological results show 40 cases(55.5%) were benign tumor, 27 cases (37.5 %) were malignant, 3 cases (4.2 %) unsatisfactory for diagnosis and 2 cases (2.8 %) were suspicious to be malignant. The statistical analysis showed that F.N.A.B. had sensitivity (92.6%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (92.3%), and accuracy rate (96%).
The Relation of Maxillary Posterior Teeth Roots to the Maxillary Sinus Floor Using Panoramic and Computed Tomography Imaging in a Sample of Kurdish People
Authors: M. Ali Shakhawan , A. Hawramy Falah , A. Mahmood Kawa
Published: January 2024

The relation of maxillary posterior teeth roots to the maxillary sinus floor is important for diagnosing and planning of many surgical procedures. In order to determine of this relation two imaging technique were used in this study.Paired panoramic radiographs and computed tomography images of maxilla from 27 subjects were taken and analyzed in the teaching hospitals of Sulaimani city during the period from Jan to Aug 2009. For both imaging modalities a total of 146 maxillary teeth were grouped according to their topographic relationship to the inferior border of the maxillary sinus followed Kwak et al. classification, were 0 indicated no contact between the root and inferior border of the maxillary sinus); 1 indicated that the root is in contact with the inferior border of the maxillary sinus; 2 indicated that the root is projecting laterally on the maxillary sinus cavity but its apex is outside the sinus boundaries; 3 and 4 indicated that the teeth roots that projected on the maxillary sinus cavity. Then roots were measured according to their projection lengths in the sinus cavity.Results of this study show that there was a high correlation between the two imaging technique for classification 0 and 1 relations. The OPG showed statistically significant (P>0.001) longer root projection in the sinus cavity in comparison with the root protrusion into the sinus measured by using CT images.As conclusion; for the majority of the roots projecting on the sinus cavity in panoramic radiographs, no vertical protrusion into the sinus was observed in CT images. Roots protrude into the sinus in the CT showed shorter projection length in comparison with panoramic radiography. Panoramic radiographs can provide adequate assessment about relation of the maxillary sinus floor. CT is indicated to provide the information about the relation to the maxillary sinus floor when there is protrusion detected in panoramic images.
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Bonded to Dentin with Three Different Adhesive Systems
Authors: A. Abduallah Huda , N. Al-Hashimi Walid
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study to measure the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to dentin with three different adhesive system.The buccal surfaces of 30 non-carious, intact, extracted upper premolar (Freshly extracted for orthodontic treatment), were grinded with 600 grit silicon carbide paper to expose dentin surface. the samples were divided into three groups: G1, 10 teeth were bonded with an acetone-base total-etch Prime&Bond NT G2, 10 teeth were bonded with an ethanol-base total-etch Excite. G3,10 teeth were bonded with an ethanol-and water-base total-etch Schotchbond 1. Shear bond strength is determined by using Instron testing machine.Results showed that excite adhesive system has statistically high significant increase in shear bond strength than Schotchbond 1.As conclusion; the lack of water in the adhesive may play a more important role than the type of solvent itself.
Microleakage Evaluation of a Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Packable and Nanofill Posterior Composites (in vitro comparative study)
Authors: A. Majeed Manhal
Published: January 2024

This study compared in vitro the microleakage of a new low shrink silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) and two methacrylate-based composites: a packable posterior composite (Filtek™ P60) and a nanofill composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) through dye penetration test. Thirty sound human upper premolars were used in this study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared at the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were then divided into three groups of ten teeth each: (Group 1: restored with Filtek™ P90, Group 2: restored with Filtek™ P60, and Group 3: restored with Filtek™ Supreme XT). Each composite system was used according to the manufacturer's instructions with their corresponding adhesive systems. The teeth were then thermocycled, immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours at room temperature, embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and sectioned longitudinally bucco-lingually. Microleakage was evaluated by assessing the linear dye penetration at the tooth/restoration interface occlusally and gingivally. The highest microleakage score occlusally or gingivally was recorded and the results were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 13. The results of this study showed that the silorane-based posterior composite Filtek™ P90 showed significantly less microleakage than the methacrylate-based packable composite (Filtek™ P60) and the nano-filled composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) when the tooth-restoration interface is located in enamel.
The Incidence of Pain after Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Methods
Authors: M. Al-Zaka Iman
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative level of pain after root canal therapy using different irrigation protocol. Materials and method: in a clinical trial, 90 asymptomatic single-rooted teeth were treated endodontically with different irrigation techniques. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups. In group I(n = 30), procedures were performed using an endodontic irrigating syringe (Vista, Appli-vac). The group II (n = 30) used an irrigation device based on subsonic system Endoactivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialist). In group III (n = 30) used Safety Irrigator (Vista Dental Products, WI). Pain levels were assessed by an analog scale questionnaire after 4, 24, and 48 hours. Results: during the all time intervals after treatment, the pain experience with group III was significantly lower than the other methods. In conclusion, an irrigation/evacuation system Safety Irrigator resulted in significantly less postoperative pain than subsonic Endoactivator and conventional needle irrigation
Flowable Composite for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding (in vitro study)
Authors: G. Agha Bahn
Published: January 2024

Flowable resin composites have been recommended for many clinical uses and have been formulated in a variety of compositions and viscosities to meet various uses. The aim of this study was to determine if flowable composite with or without resins could be used as orthodontic bracket bonding. Sixty noncarious human premolars were divided into three equal groups. Metal brackets were bonded to etched enamel using a composite resin control (Resilience® orthodontic adhesive) and flowable composite with and without sealant resin (Resilience® flowable composite). After 72 hours of incubation in deionized water at 37 C°, debonding was performed with a shearing force. The shear bond strength (SBS) and the mode of bond failure were examined. High significant difference was observed in the SBS between control and flowable groups. Clinically acceptable SBS was found for the two flowable adhesives with bond failures occurred mostly in the bracket–adhesive interface. No significant differences between flowable groups. In conclusion, the use of flowable composite with and without sealant resin is advocated for orthodontic bracket bonding
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 and Pcna in Pleomorphic Adenoma, Mucoepidermoid and Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas of Salivary Glands
Authors: S. Al-Ani Layla , M. Al-Azzawi Lehadh
Published: January 2024

Salivary gland tumours are uncommon with a broad heterogeneity. The most common benign tumour is the pleomorphic adenoma, whereas mucoepider moid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma predominate among the malignancies. The aim of this study was to describe the tissue expression of p53 and PCNA protein in pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma and to compare their expression among the studied tumors. The study enrolled (45)formalin –fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue blocks of salivary gland tumors, diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (15 cases for each ) and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of P53 and PCNA proteins. The study revealed positive p53 protein expression in (60%) of muocoepidermoid carcinoma cases and (20%) of adenoid cystic carcinoma cases, while only one case (6.7%) of pleomorphic adenoma was P53 posi tive. The immunopositivity of PCNA protein expression was f ound in (100%) of both mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma cases and (66.7%) of pleomorphic adenoma c ases.The results of this study demonstrated that inactivation of p53 protein may play an im portant role in the activation of PCNA with increasing the proliferati on activity of MEC and ACC.
Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis with 940nm Diode Laser
Authors: I. Hazeem Muhamed , Sh. Rajab Muthenna , A. Badeia Raed
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives: Ulcers in the mouth (recurrent aphthous stomatitis) are very common and may vary in size from very small to very large. The exact cause of mouth ulcers isn’t known but acidic foods and stress are thought to be factors, as well as local traumatic damage such as that caused vigorous toothbrushing. Although uncomfortable, small ulcers are tolerable, but large ulcers can last for up to 2 weeks and greatly affect the ability to eat, drink and even talk. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis by application of 940 nm diode laser irradiation & its effect on the duration and pain sensation. Materials and methods: A total number of 32 patients having at least 2 ulcers for each. Those patients were enrolled in this study using a split mouth design. The study included two groups, The experimental (study group) consisted of thirty two ulcers ( in the 32 patients ) were subjected to 940 nm laser irradiation & control group comprised of thirty two ulcers ( in the same 32 patients ) left without laser irradiation. Pain scores were recorded before and after laser treatment. The patient subjected to follow-up visits until complete healing of the ulcers occurred. Results: There were immediate changes in the pain scores of the experimental group just after diode laser application. The duration of the control group lesions ranged between (7-14) days, while the lesion in the experimental group subsided with a range between (4-12) days. Conclusion: 1.Single session of diode laser irradiation can be used to produceimmediate, dramatic and sustained analgesic effect on RAS lesion.2.The lesion duration was significantly reduced to about 40%from that of control lesion.
Efficacy of Intra-Pocket Application of Two Antimicrobial Agents as an Adjunct to Mechanotherapy of Chronic Periodontitis (a Comparative Study)
Authors: A. Badiea Raed
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of locally delivered antimicrobials as an adjunct to mechanotherapy in treatment of chronic periodontitis. Some studies were resulted in improved clinical outcomes and others were not. The aim of this study is evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subgingival application of a (10 mg metronidazole gel), (1% chlorhexidine collagen gel) and (CHLOSITE® GHIMAS, Italy) gel which is a combination of two chlorhexidine formulations: 0.5% chlorhexidine digluconate and 1.0% chlorhexidine dihydrochloride), as an adjunct to mechanical treatment (scaling and root planing) (SRP) of chronic periodontitis. A total of 120 sites from 15 patients with age range of (24-55 years), who had periodontal pockets measuring 5-9 mm and had been diagnosed as chronic periodontitis cases, were selected for the study. The 4-quadrant split-mouth design was used in this study. The pocket sites in each patient were randomly assigned to 4 groups (30 sites for each):(Group A) GA=(SRP) only.(Group B) GB=(SRP) + 10 mg metronidazole gel.(Group C) GC=(SRP) + 1% chlorhexidine collagen gel. (Group D) GD=(SRP) + CHLOSITE®Clinical parameters including (plaque index PI), (gingival index GI), (gingival bleeding index) GBI, (probing pocket depth PPD) & (clinical attachment level CAL) were measured and recorded at baseline before any treatment at (day 0) then the treatment was performed at the same day, The clinical parameters were also recorded at (day 30) & (day 90), in the selected sites of the four groups. The results of this study obviously showed a statistically significant reduction of all clinical parameters in all groups at (day 30 & day 90) from the base line (day 0). GD=(SRP) + CHLOSITE® revealed a reduction of the clinical parameters than groups (A, B and C) and the differences were highly statistically significant.
An in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Experimental Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution Using Agar Diffusion Test
Authors: M.Yahya Maha , M.Nayif Maan , A.Taqa Amer
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of three different concentrations of a newly produced CHX powder prepared loc ally in Mosul College of Dentistry in the Department of Dental Basic Sciences( approved by Nineveh Drug Industry (NDI,licence no.2256 in26/9/2002), and to compare it with the same concentrations of commercially available CHX solution against three bacterial isolates commonly isolated from infected root canals, using the agar diffusion test. Astandard agar diffusion test was utilized to investigate the antibacterial activity of different concentrations of experimental chlorhexidine gluconate solution( N DI no.2256)and acommercially available chlorhexidine solution.The diameter of the microbial inhibition zones were measured in millimeter around each paper disk containing the experimental solutions. Data were analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (a = 0.05). The results revealed that all tested microorganisms were affected by different concentrations of CHX powder(NDI no.2256) except for the lowest concentration ( 0.1%). Similar results were observed for CHX solution. The new prepared CHX powder(NDI n.2256)can be used aroot canal irrig ant.
Gingival Health and Alveolar Bone Loss Among Iraqi Overweight Primary School - Age Pupils (Radiographic Study)
Authors: J. AL-Qasab Sanaa
Published: January 2024

Many studies have found a strong association between obesity and various clinical and radiographical aspects of periodontal disease, most of these studies were directed toward adult age group only, while younger ages were omitted. To provide radiographic data about the effect of overweight on periodontal health status among Iraqi primary school-age pupils.The sample of this research was consist of 90 pupils of both gender (45 girls and 45 boys) with age range (6-12)years. All were examined clinically for bleeding on probing (BOP) and radiographically for alveolar bone loss (ABL). According to their percentile ranking the pupils in each gender group were divided i nto 3 subgroups (healthy weight, at risk of overweight and overweight). each subgroup was consist of (15 child). Greater mean values for BOP index were recorded for pupils in overweight group (0.8 for girls and 0.66 for boys) in comparison to those in healthy (0.26 for girls and 0.46 for boys) and at risk (0.4 for girls and 0.46 for boys), also greater mean values for ABL radiog raphically were recorded for pupils in overweight groups (1.53 mm for girls and 1.66 mm for boys) in comparison to those he althy (1.00 mm for girls and 0.8 mm for boys) and at risk (1.06 mm for girls and 1.46 mm for boys). According to paired t- tes t most of these differences were found to be statistically significa nt. On the other hand, No significant difference were recor ded between different study groups on gender basis. There is a clear relation between obesity and periodontal health on both clinical and radiographical examinations.
Comparison of Three Dimensional Dental Software Computed Tomography Findings with Real Time Surgical Approaches for Impacted Teeth
Authors: M. Abdlkareem Nazhat , H. AL-Nuome Shefaa , A. Rassul Haider , Y.Hamad Taha
Published: January 2024

An exact localization of impacted teeth is often difficult to assume by using two dimensional conventional radiological techniques like OPG or dental films. In contrast to these two dimensional imaging method, the Dental slice Software Computed Tomography offers a three-dimensional imaging of maxilla-facial region, providing the opportunity to study objectives in all standard plans with three-dimension, reconstructed and multisection views. The aim of this study is to prove the effectiveness of the Dental slice Software Computed Tomography in evaluating the position of impacted teeth as a presurgical diagnostic aid. 25 patients with total of 40 impacted teeth were classified and evaluated by three sets .The first set of radiographs consist of traditional two dimensional images(per apical , occlusal films and OPG).The second set comprised three-dimensional views obtained from a Dental slice Soft ware Computed Tomography and a third set which was surgical interventions results. Teeth crowns were classified into: type I (buccal or labial), type II (palatal or lingual), type III (half distance of the labio-palatal or bucco-palatal ,labio-lingual or bucco-lingual) according to their position within dental arches. The dental soft ware Computed Tomography succeeded to identify the exact situations of whole 40(100%) impacted teeth crowns that were confirmed surgically in the same anatomical locations. On the other hand there was a Failure of 33(82.5%) crowns that could not be determine their positions by two dimensional images and proved surgically in opposite sides. Three dimensional Computed Tomography is a helpful and stimulating tools by providing the surgeons a perfect mulitislices: axial, coronal, sagital, two dimensional and three dimensional images in one visit and once exposure and permits the oral surgeons to visualize the position and surgical anatomy of the tooth as it will be in the operating theatre, thus establishing sufficient patterns for adequate surgical planning ,reduce of need for exploratory procedures with less morbidity to the osseous structure and time saving.
Evaluation of Density and Homogeneity of Three Different Root Canal Obturation Techniques: A Three –Dimensional Computed Tomography In Vitro Study
Authors: S. Mustafa Ahmed
Published: January 2024

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare three dimensionally the density and homogeneity of cold lateral compaction, warm vertical compacti on and guttaflow root canal obturation techniques using computed tomography. Thirty canals of 12 mm from extracted lower single canal premolars were selected then instrumented and divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 roots in each group. Group I was obturation with cold lateral compaction technique, group II was obturated with warm vertical compaction technique and group III was obturated with guttaflow system. The specimens were then analyzed for the density and homogeneity in both vertical and hor i zontalsections in apical, middle and coronal third with 1 mm section thickness using computed tomography. The data obtained in hounsefield units were subjected to statistical analysis. In conclusionguttaflow was superior in the apical part and none of the tested obturation techniques can achieve three dimensional dense and homogenous obturation from apical to coronal parts of root.
Microleakage of Root Canal Sealed with Temporary Endodontic Sealing Materials
Authors: T .Sulieman Rajaa
Published: January 2024

To measure the microleakage of different materials used as temporary endodontic sealing materials and to compare between them. Sixty sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose, caries and cracks free were used. Teeth were divided into 6 groups depending on type of temporary materials (glass ionomer cement, zinc phosphate cement, amalgam, temporary filling "zinc oxide eugenol") for temporization and control groups (negative and positive). For each tooth, an access opening was done followed by instrumentation, irrigation and dryness. Then application of different temporary materials. Evaluation of marginal microleakag e (tooth – restoration interface) were done by using dye penetration test. The study was done in Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul. The results showed significant differences (p< 0.05) in marginal microleakage among groups tested. But there were no significant difference between buccal and lingual tooth restoration – interface for each group. Glass i onomer cement showed less microleakage at tooth – restoration interface when compared with other temporary filling mater ials which used in this study. Glass ionomer cement has sup erioer effect on reduction of microleakage when compared with other temporary filling,when used for temporization had more ability to reduce microleakage than zinc phosphate cement, amal gam and lastly temporary filling (zinc oxide eugenol).
Effect of Addition of ZrO2 on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics
Authors: K. Hilal Mohammed , Y.Shareef Mohammed , K. Ali Maher , Van Noort R.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of addition of ZrO2 on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of ceramics fabricated using a conventional powder technology. Various compositions of hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and zirconia powder ZrO2, ranging from 10 to 90 wt% ZrO2, were prepared using a wet mixing process. Ten compacts (13.5mm3mm) were made for each group, pressed and sintered in air at sintering temperatures from 1100 to 1450oC for up to 12 hours. The bulk density, porosity, linear shrinkage and BFS. The porosity reduced and linear shrinkage increased with increasing sintering temperature and amounts of zirconia, whereas the sintering time had little effect. The highest mean value achieved for the BFS was 26920 MPa for a composition of 70% ZrO2 and 30% HAp fired at 1450oCfor 6 hours. From the experimental results can be conclude that sintering temperature and composition affect densification behaviour of calcium phosphate/ ZrO2 composites. The BFS increases with a reduction of porosity and increases with both sintering temperature and additions of ZrO2. It was noted that there is considerable scope for improvement in the BFS values by reducing the porosity of these composites.
Shrinkage Deformation of Three Different Light Cure Composite Resin Using Image Correlation Method
Authors: T. Abdul Hammed Fanar
Published: January 2024

The study performed were to measured the amount of shrinkage deformation of resin composites with and without bonding agent. The shrinkage defor mation of three types of composite resin (Ecusphere, Densply, CHARISMA) in cavities was studied using image correlation method. The cylindrical cavity in extracted teeth ( premolors) are to examine the shrinkage behavior on the top free surface. The cavities filled with resin after spreading a bonding agent are irradiated using LED unit, also performed on the cavities without bonding agent. One way analysis of variance and MOIRE analysis were used for statistical analysis. The shrinkage behavior was different in the cavities prepared with and without bonding agent. Polymerization of dental composites is characterized by heterogeneous deformation patterns with variable shrinkage values at different locations within the material.
Evaluation of Carisolv in the Chemico-Mechanical Removal of Carious Dentine in Primary Molars (In vivo study)
Authors: E.A. Al-Rubaye Huda
Published: January 2024

Caries removal by the Chemo-mechanical technique involves the application of chemical agents, to cause a selective softening of the carious dentine and facilitate removal by gentle excavation. Carisolv is one such new chemical agent used in this minimal invasive technique of carious dentine removal. The aims of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Carisolv in the chemo-mechanical removal of carious dentine in primary teeth, the time taken for caries removal and to evaluate the restorations radiographically. Forty primary 1st and 2nd molars with dentinal carious lesions were excavated using this technique of caries removal. After isolation of the involved tooth, the Carisolv " new gel" marketed by Mediteam Dental AB (Goteborg, Sweden) was applied then the superficial softened carious dentine was gently excavated and scraped using a spoon excavator, the procedure repeated until the cavity was free from caries and the cavity was checked for remaining caries using an explorer. The time taken for the removal of carious dentine, beginning from the application of the gel until the completion of the procedure was evaluated using a stopwatch. After the placement of the restoration an intra-oral periapical radiograph was taken for immediate evaluation and after a period of six months, the longevity of the restorations and the presence of secondary caries at the restoration- dentine interface were evaluated radiographically. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the soft carious dentine was removed more effectively than the hard carious dentine and the removal of the soft carious dentine required a shorter period of time (4.96±0.99) minutes when compared to the removal of hard carious dentine (6.09±1.04) minutes and on radiographic evaluation of the restoration, none of the treated lesions showed the presence of secondary caries. In conclusion, the chemico-mechanical caries removal technique using Carisolv proved to be an effective atraumatic treatment modality with potential interest for use in clinical pediatric dentistry.