bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Adaptation and Planning Education in Southern Africa
Authors: Matamanda Abraham R. , Kohima Jennilee M. , Nel Verna , Chirisa Innocent
Published: August 2022

Cities in Southern Africa are experiencing a rapid rate of urbanisation, which exacerbates the impacts of climate change on cities. The recent droughts and water stress in Cape Town, South Africa and Windhoek, Namibia, impacts of Cyclone Idai that destroyed 90% of Beira city, and recurrent heatwaves are evidence of the impacts of climate change on cities in the region. Planners are responsible for the spatial configuration of spaces and places such that cities are safe, resilient, sustainable, and inclusive; hence planning for climate change is imperative. In this study, we argue that the recurrence of climate change-related disasters in Southern Africa reflects the lack of skills, knowledge and capabilities among planners to integrate climate change adaptation into urban planning processes. Like any other profession, planning practice is informed by education and training of the graduates, which influences their worldview and ideology that they take into the professional world. This study examines the contribution of planning education to climate change adaptation in Southern Africa, using the case of Zimbabwe, South Africa and Namibia. Using content analysis of course syllabi in terms of the pedagogy on climate change adaptation, the study identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities schools impart to planning students. The study reveals that climate change is recognised as a planning dilemma, but it is yet to be integrated into the planning curriculum and is consequently marginalised.
Qualities of Urban Planning and the Conflict Between Participatory Planning and Planning Standards: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Digafe Behailu Melesse , Adam Achamyeleh Gashu , Shibeshi Gebeyehu Belay , Meshesha Mengiste Abate
Published: August 2022

The Ethiopian hybrid planning system applies both top-down and bottom-up planning approaches simultaneously. This causes vague quality measurement indices of the urban plan and is a major obstacle for both the planning team and other stakeholders to measure quality. The chapter examines and dialectically discusses the contradictory measurement indices regarding the quality by taking Bahir Dar City Structural Plan Project as a case study. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the planning team and stakeholders for the study. This chapter argues that challenge arises from the system that uses two, often conflicting, yardsticks to measure quality, i.e. meeting the pre-defined standards and fulfilling the participants’ interest. Therefore, it suggests that the quality of an urban plan should be primarily measured in terms of the local planning standard, which is the “public acceptance”. Public acceptance here is described, measured and defined as the stakeholder’s perception that the plan is of good enough quality for implementation.
Einleitung
Authors: Gier Nadine R.
Published: August 2022

Dieses Open-Access-Buch zur Consumer Decision Neuroscience verfolgt das Ziel, durch die Integration neurowissenschaftlicher Methoden in die Käufer- und Konsumentenverhaltensforschung die Identifikation verhaltensrelevanter, neurophysiologischer Variablen zu ermöglichen, um darauf aufbauend eine Theorieerweiterung zu schaffen. In Kapitel 1 wird die wissenschaftliche Relevanz der vorliegenden Arbeit im zeitlichen Bezug und disziplinären Kontext dargestellt sowie die sich daraus ergebende Zielsetzung abgeleitet.
Systematische Einordnung der Beiträge
Authors: Gier Nadine R.
Published: August 2022

In Kapitel 3 werden die ausgewählten Beiträge in das Reflektiv-Impulsiv Modell eingeordnet und in diesem Zusammenhang die wesentlichen inhaltlichen Aspekte der einzelnen Beiträge beschrieben. Dadurch soll das neurowissenschaftlich fundierte Modell anhand verschiedener methodischer Vorgehensweisen als übergeordneter Rahmen für die Beschreibung, Unterstützung und Vorhersage von Konsumentenentscheidungsprozessen im Rahmen der Consumer Decision Neuroscience geprüft werden.
Ausgewählte Beiträge
Authors: Gier Nadine R.
Published: August 2022

In ausgewählten Beiträgen werden Käufer- und Konsumentenentscheidungsprozesse anhand verschiedener methodischer, neurowissenschaftlich fundierter Herangehensweisen empirisch untersucht, um die Entscheidungsprozesse umfassend beschreiben, effektiver unterstützen und erfolgreich vorhersagen zu können.
Schlussbemerkung
Authors: Gier Nadine R.
Published: August 2022

In dieser zusammenfassenden Schlussbemerkung werden das Ziel und die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse konkludierend dargestellt.
Berry phases, wormholes and factorization in AdS/CFT
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Dorband Moritz , Erdmenger Johanna , Meyer René , Weigel Anna-Lena
Published: August 2022

Abstract

For two-dimensional holographic CFTs, we demonstrate the role of Berry phases for relating the non-factorization of the Hilbert space to the presence of wormholes. The wormholes are characterized by a non-exact symplectic form that gives rise to the Berry phase. For wormholes connecting two spacelike regions in gravitational spacetimes, we find that the non-exactness is linked to a variable appearing in the phase space of the boundary CFT. This variable corresponds to a loop integral in the bulk. Through this loop integral, non-factorization becomes apparent in the dual entangled CFTs. Furthermore, we classify Berry phases in holographic CFTs based on the type of dual bulk diffeomorphism involved. We distinguish between Virasoro, gauge and modular Berry phases, each corresponding to a spacetime wormhole geometry in the bulk. Using kinematic space, we extend a relation between the modular Hamiltonian and the Berry curvature to the finite temperature case. We find that the Berry curvature, given by the Crofton form, characterizes the topological transition of the entanglement entropy in presence of a black hole.
The most critically injured polytrauma patient mortality: should it be a measurement of trauma system performance?
Authors: Hardy Benjamin Maurice , Enninghorst Natalie , King Kate Louise , Balogh Zsolt Janos
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The risk of death after traumatic injury in developed trauma systems is at an all-time low. Among ‘major trauma’ patients (injury severity score, ISS > 15), the risk of dying is less than 10%. This group contains critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75), with high risks of death. We hypothesized that the reduction in trauma mortality was driven by reduction in moderate injury severity and that death from critical polytrauma remained persistently high.

Methods

A 20-year retrospective analysis ending December 2021 of a Level-1 trauma center’s registry was performed on all trauma patients admitted with ISS > 15. Patients’ demographics, injury severity and outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Mortality was examined for the entire study group and separately for the subset of critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75).

Results

A total of 8462 severely injured (ISS > 15) trauma patients were identified during the 20-year period. Of these 238 (2.8%) were critical polytrauma patients (ISS 50–75). ISS > 15 mortality decreased from 11.3 to 9.4% over the study period (Adjusted OR 0.98, 0.97–0.99). ISS 50–75 mortality did not change significantly (46.2–60.0%), adjusted OR 0.96, 0.92–1.00).

Conclusion

The improvement in trauma mortality over the past 20 years has not been experienced equally. The ISS50-75 critical polytrauma mortality is a practical group to capture. It could be a group for deeper study and reporting to drive improvement.
Circumferential periosteal block versus hematoma block for the reduction of distal radius and ulna fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lari Ali , Jarragh Ali , Alherz Mohammad , Nouri Abdullah , Behbehani Mousa , Alnusif Naser
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To assess the analgesic efficacy of the circumferential periosteal block (CPB) and compare it with the conventional fracture hematoma block (HB).

Methods

This study was a prospective single-center randomized controlled trial performed in a national orthopedic hospital. Fifty patients with displaced distal radius (with or without concomitant ulna) fractures requiring reduction were randomized to receive either CPB or HB prior to the reduction. Pain was sequentially measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) across three stages; before administration of local anesthesia (baseline), during administration (injection) and during manipulation and immobilization (manipulation). Further, the effect of demographic factors on the severity of pain was analyzed in multivariate regression. Finally, complications and end outcomes were compared across both techniques.

Results

Patients receiving CPB experienced significantly less pain scores during manipulation (VAS = 0.64) compared with HB (VAS = 2.44) (p =  < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between groups at baseline (P = 0.55) and injection (P = 0.40) stages.

Conclusion

The CPB provides a superior analgesic effect over the conventional HB with no documented complications in either technique.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic Level II.
Acoustic tomography outputs in comparison to the properties of degraded wood in beech trees
Authors: Cristini Valentino , Tippner Jan , Tomšovský Michal , Zlámal Jan , Mařík Robert
Published: August 2022

The interpretation of the outputs of acoustic tomography is often altered by different physical and mechanical parameters. Detailed information on the relationships between static mechanical properties and dynamic parameters of intact and degraded green wood can improve the results of this device-supported method used for tree stability assessment. This research presents a graphic and statistic comparison of acoustic tomography outputs with the laboratory assessed material parameters. The analysis was based on the relationship between the dynamic and static mechanical parameters of four cross-sections from two living tree stems. The occurrence of seven white and soft rot fungi was taken into consideration. The influence of density ($$\uprho$$
ρ
) on stress-wave propagation ($$v$$
v
) was proved. A strong correlation between the dynamic moduli of elasticity ($${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

) and compressive strength ($$\upsigma$$
σ
) is reported. A higher heterogeneity of wood degradation among the cross-section can lead to an underestimation of the defect during AT assessment. The dynamic modulus of elasticity $${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

was less influenced than $$v$$
v
by the heterogeneity of degraded wood. Therefore, $${E}_{dyn}$$

E

dyn

can be used to form a better interpretation of acoustic tomography assessment of standing beech trees. Due to the complexity of the topic, further investigation of previously mentioned relationships is still needed.
The relationship between patriotism and regional identification: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter
Published: August 2022

Patriotism—as an ambivalent attitude towards the nation—has less exclusionary characteristics than nationalism and regional identification, because it does not require comparisons and hierarchies. What is less clear, however, is how to explain the positive evaluation of patriotism in the wider population. The article analyses the positive relationship of patriotism with nationalism and regional identification in 29 national and 421 regional contexts. The paper clearly shows that different factors explain the positive evaluation of patriotism and the mind-set of patriotism itself. While a nationalist attitude and regional identification at the individual level are strongly associated with a positive evaluation of patriotism and patriotism itself, institutionalised forms of regional autonomy are shown to be insignificant for the evaluation of patriotism and ambivalent for patriotism itself at the context level. The article concludes by discussing these results in the context of a Janus-faced nature of regional identification that can contribute to an inclusive society as much as to a nationalist-chauvinist attitude and which has so far been overlooked in regional science.
A model and its experiment using compressed cold air to clean the active surface of a grinding wheel during sharping of a hob cutter
Authors: Stachurski Wojciech , Sawicki Jacek , Krupanek Krzysztof , Nadolny Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

The removal of chips, which is produced during the grinding process and forms, among other things, cloggings on the grinding wheel active surface (GWAS), is key to extending wheel life and achieving low surface roughness. Currently, as a result of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method of delivery coolant into the cutting zone, the support of chips removal with a stream of cooled compressed air (CCA) is becoming particularly important. Among other things, the angle of the CCA jet delivery nozzle with respect to the GWAS is responsible for the removal efficiency, which has to be considered individually for each grinding process variation, and experimental tests alone do not give an idea of the CCA jet flow. In the present study, a numerical flow analysis (using the computational fluid dynamics method) of cooled compressed air in the grinding zone during the sharpening of a hob cutter face was carried out. The results of the numerical simulations were verified experimentally by determining the percentage of the grinding wheel cloggingZ%. The experimental results confirmed the conclusions from the numerical analysis regarding the most favorable angle of the CCA nozzle. TheZ% = 5.3 clogging index obtained when grinding with the CCA nozzle set at an angle of 45° is 2.5 times lower than theZ% = 13.5 index determined for the most favorable setting of the MQL nozzle. Simultaneous delivery of CCA and air-oil aerosol using the MQL-CCA method resulted in the lowestZ% = 2.5, comparable to theZ% = 2.0 obtained for a grinding wheel operating under cooling conditions with a water-based oil emulsion delivered by the flood method (WET).
In-line sample concentration in capillary electrophoresis by cyclodextrin to admicelle microextraction
Authors: Vaas Andaravaas Patabadige Jude P. , Yu Raymond B. , Quirino Joselito P.
Published: August 2022

Cyclodextrins (CDs) as a pseudophase in pseudophase-to-pseudophase microextraction (P2ME) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are proposed. In this P2ME mode called CD to admicelle ME, a long plug of dilute analyte solution prepared in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the critical micellar concentration was injected into the capillary. This formed CTAB admicelles at the interface between the solution and the negatively charged capillary surface, where the analytes were trapped. The injection of CD solution released the admicelles and the analytes from the capillary surface due to the formation of stable CD/CTAB inclusion complexes. The analytes are concentrated at the CD front during injection and voltage separation. Various neutral CDs were found to be effective for CD to admicelle ME. To implement this in-line sample concentration technique in CZE, CD concentration, sample injection time, and sample:CD solution injection ratio were optimized. The optimized conditions for five model anionic analytes, namely, 4-bromophenol, sulindac, sulfamethizole, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and succinylsulfathiazole, were 20 mM α-CD in 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) solution, sample injection time of 370 s, and CD:sample injection ratio of 1:2. The sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) were between 112 and 168. The SEFs of sulindac and sulfamethizole in particular were similar to previously published off-line microextraction techniques, which are typically time-consuming. The calculated values of LOQ, intra-/inter-day (n = 6/n = 10, 3 days) repeatability, and linearity (R2) of CD to admicelle ME were 0.0125–0.05 µg/mL, 1.5–4.6%, 1.8–4.8%, and ≥0.999, respectively. Finally, the potential of CD to admicelle ME to the analysis of artificial urine samples was demonstrated.
Diagnostic value of water-fat-separated images and CT-like susceptibility-weighted images extracted from a single ultrashort echo time sequence for the evaluation of vertebral fractures and degenerative changes of the spine
Authors: Feuerriegel Georg C. , Kronthaler Sophia , Boehm Christof , Renz Martin , Leonhardt Yannik , Gassert Florian , Foreman Sarah C. , Weiss Kilian , Wurm Markus , Liebig Thomas , Makowski Marcus R. , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Gersing Alexandra S.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of single-echo Dixon water-fat imaging and computed tomography (CT)–like imaging based on a single ultrashort echo time (sUTE) MR sequence for imaging of vertebral fractures as well as degenerative bone changes of the spine in comparison to conventional CT and MR sequences.

Methods

Thirty patients with suspected acute vertebral fractures were examined using a 3-T MRI, including an sUTE sequence as well as short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted sequences. During postprocessing, water-fat separation was performed by solving the smoothness-constrained inverse water-fat problem based on a single-complex UTE image. By removing the unwanted low-frequency phase terms, additional MR-based susceptibility-weighted-like (SW-like) images with CT-like contrast were created. Two radiologists evaluated semi-quantitative and quantitative features of fractures and degenerative changes independently and separately on CT and MR images.

Results

In total, all 58 fractures were accurately detected of whom 24 were correctly classified as acute fractures with an edema detected on the water-fat-separated UTE images, using STIR and T1w sequences as standard of reference. For the morphological assessment of fractures and degenerative changes, the overall agreement between SW-like images and CT was substantial to excellent (e.g., Genant: κ 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.54–1.00); AO/Magerl: κ 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.43–1.00)). Overall inter-reader agreement for water-fat-separated UTE images and SW-like images was substantial to almost perfect.

Conclusion

Detection and assessment of vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes of the spine were feasible and accurate using water-fat-separated images as well as SW-like images, both derived from the same sUTE-Dixon sequence.

Key Points

• The detection of acute vertebral fractures was feasible using water-fat-separated images and CT-like images reconstructed from one sUTE sequence.

• Assessment of the vertebral fractures using SW-like images with CT-like contrast was found to be comparable to conventional CT.

• sUTE imaging of the spine can help reduce examination times and radiation exposure.
Peritumoral abnormalities on dynamic-enhanced CT after brachytherapy for hepatic malignancies: local progression or benign changes?
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Jiao Dechao , Peng Sheng , Chen Xi , Zhang Yanling , Lin Letao , Zhong Zhihui , Li Yong , Xu Kaihao , Zhang Fujun
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To determine if dynamic CT can differentiate local progression from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction (RSIPR) after brachytherapy with iodine-125 radioactive seeds (BIRS) for advanced hepatic malignancies.

Methods

Enhanced CT images of seed-implanted lesions between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Hounsfield units of peritumoral parenchyma were measured and assessed quantitatively. The classification, conversion, consequences, and serological indicators during follow-up were recorded and quantified. Statistical differences were analyzed using a Pearson χ2 test.

Results

RSIPR was observed in 201 of 290 (69.3%) lesions (161 patients; median age, 55 years; range, 26–79 years), while local progression occurred in 53 lesions. The low density of local progression was much lower than that of RSIPR (p < 0.001), and the former did not exhibit iso-/high density in the portal or equilibrium phase. Ring-like enhancement in progressive lesions was also quite different from RSIPR. Local progression rate was lower for lesions with RSIPR than for those without RSIPR (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03), and their doses were different (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions and lower local progression rate. Notably, the enhancement pattern of local progression was distinct from RSIPR and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT.

Key Points

• Radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction after brachytherapy with125I seeds for liver malignancies has characteristic manifestations on CT images, which is associated with a higher dose of lesions (397.2 Gy vs 120.3 Gy, p < 0.001), as a focal radiation injury.

• Lesions with RSIPR were less likely to develop local progression, while those without RSIPR had a higher rate of local progression (14.9% vs 25.8%; p = 0.03).

• The enhancement pattern of local progression after brachytherapy was distinct from radioactive seed-induced peritumoral reaction and was clearly distinguishable on dynamic-enhanced CT.
Mixture design applied to the rheology of clay gel mixtures
Authors: Boulet Camille C. S. , Brown Alan , Formstone Carl , Aarts Dirk G. A. L.
Published: August 2022

We used mixture design to predict rheological parameters, namely the storage and loss modulus$$G'$$G′and$$G''$$G′′and the critical stress$$\sigma _{c}$$σc, of mixtures of Laponite EP and bentonite clay. Laponite EP is an organically coated laponite displaying unusual rheological behaviour compared to its unmodified form. We examined the effect of salt (magnesium chloride) and of surfactant (Tween 20) varying the pH between 4 and 9. We found reliable complex models with significant higher order terms showing that the rheological behaviour of the gels was not a function of each single compound, but instead the result of multiple interactions. Such interactions had an antagonistic effect on$$G'$$G′and$$G''$$G′′. Stronger gels were found at low concentrations of magnesium chloride and Tween 20. The gel stability in response to stress increased with the amount of Tween 20, but decreased with magnesium chloride. Such distinct behaviour may be the result of interactions between the platelet charges and the different components, as well as salting in versus salting out effects. We identified the conditions for which the values of$$G'$$G′were suitable for agrochemical products. The method presented here is a quick and reliable approach to formulate products with targeted rheological properties.
Neonatal hypoglycaemia and body proportionality in small for gestational age newborns: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smits Ilke , Hoftiezer Liset , van Dillen Jeroen , Hogeveen Marije
Published: August 2022

Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at risk of developing neonatal hypoglycaemia. SGA newborns comprise a heterogeneous group including both constitutionally small and pathologically growth restricted newborns. The process of fetal growth restriction may result in brain sparing at the expense of the rest of the body, resulting in disproportionally small newborns. The aim of this study was to discover whether body proportionality influences the risk of developing neonatal hypoglycaemia in SGA newborns. A retrospective cohort study was performed in 402 newborns who were SGA without additional risk factors for hypoglycaemia. Body proportionality was classified in two ways: (1) using symmetric (sSGA) or asymmetric (aSGA), defined as head circumference (HC) below or above the 10th percentile, respectively; (2) using cephalization index (HC/birth weight), standardized for gestational age. Hypoglycaemia was observed in 50% of aSGA and 40.9% of sSGA newborns (P-value 0.12). Standardized CI in newborns with hypoglycaemia was higher compared to newborns without hypoglycaemia (median 1.27 (1.21–1.35) versus 1.24 (1.20–1.29); (P 0.002)). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed both CI and standardized CI to be associated with the occurrence of hypoglycaemia (OR 1.48 (1.24–1.77) and OR 1.44 (1.13–1.83), respectively). The majority of hypoglycaemic events (96.1%) occurred in the first 6 h after birth.

   Conclusion: Body proportionality might be of influence, depending on the classification used. Larger prospective studies with a clear consensus definition of body proportionality are needed.

What is Known:• Neonatal hypoglycaemia is an important complication in newborns.• Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are more vulnerable to hypoglycaemia.

What is New:• Higher incidence of hypoglycaemia was not observed in asymmetric SGA compared to symmetric SGA, but standardized cephalization index was associated with increased likelihood of hypoglycaemia.• Consensus-based definitions of body proportionality in newborns are needed.
Jenseits urbaner Wissenszentren: Co-Working-Spaces in ländlichen Räumen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Growe Anna , Scheffer Christine
Published: August 2022

Co-Working-Spaces werden als räumliche Antwort auf die Flexibilisierung von Arbeitsprozessen und zugleich v. a. als urbanes Phänomen diskutiert. Co-Working-Spaces werden jedoch nicht nur als Möglichkeit für mobiles Arbeiten verstanden, sondern auch als Chance, räumliche Entwicklung zu stärken. Allerdings können nicht alle Typen von Co-Working-Spaces gleichermaßen Impulse für Entwicklungen außerhalb des Co-Working-Space selbst setzen. Besonders prädestiniert für eine Unterstützung der Quartiers‑, Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung sind Co-Working-Spaces mit einer großen Zugänglichkeit für die Öffentlichkeit. Differenziert werden 3 Typen von Co-Working-Spaces: solche, die sich durch Offenheit und Zugänglichkeit auszeichnen, solche, die sich an den geschlossenen Nutzerkreis der Co-Working-Spaces selbst richten, und solche, die eine Mischform aus den beiden anderen Typen darstellen. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich am Beispiel Baden-Württemberg mit der Frage auseinander, welcher Typus von Co-Working-Spaces eher in Kernstädten und im regionalen Verflechtungsbereich von Großstädten zu finden ist. Es wird auch betrachtet, welcher Typus außerhalb von Großstadtregionen im ländlichen Raum zu finden ist und welche Form von Öffnung bei Co-Working-Spaces außerhalb von Großstadtregionen beobachtet werden kann.
Recoverable mutual exclusion with abortability
Authors: Jayanti Prasad , Joshi Anup
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in non-volatile main memory (NVM) technology have spurred research on algorithms that are resilient to intermittent failures that cause processes to crash and subsequently restart. In this paper we present a Recoverable Mutual Exclusion (RME) algorithm that supports abortability. Our algorithm guarantees FCFS and a strong liveness property: processes do not starve even in runs consisting of infinitely many crashes, provided that a process crashes at most a finite number of times in each of its attempts. On DSM and Relaxed-CC multiprocessors, a process incurs $$O(\min (k, \log n))$$

O
(
min
(
k
,
log
n
)
)

RMRs in a passage and $$O(f+ \min (k, \log n))$$

O
(
f
+
min
(
k
,
log
n
)
)

RMRs in an attempt, where n is the number of processes that the algorithm is designed for, k is the point contention of the passage or the attempt, and f is the number of times that p crashes during the attempt. On a Strict CC multiprocessor, the passage and attempt complexities are O(n) and $$O(f+n)$$

O
(
f
+
n
)

, respectively. Our algorithm uses only the read, write, and CAS operations, which are commonly supported by multiprocessors. Attiya, Hendler, and Woelfel proved that, with any mutual exclusion algorithm, a process incurs at least $$\varOmega (\log n)$$

Ω
(
log
n
)

RMRs in a passage, if the algorithm uses only the read, write, and CAS operations (in: Proc. of the Fortieth ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, New York, NY, USA, 2008). This lower bound implies that the worst-case RMR complexity of our algorithm is optimal for the DSM and Relaxed CC multiprocessors. This paper is an expanded version of our conference paper as reported by Jayanti and Joshi (in: Atig and Schwarzmann (eds) Networked Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019), which presented the first Recoverable Mutual Exclusion (RME) algorithm that supports abortability. This algorithm from our conference paper (in: Atig and Schwarzmann (eds) Networked Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019) admits starvation when there are infinitely many aborts in a run. In this paper, we fix this shortcoming and prove the algorithm’s properties by identifying an inductive invariant.
Placement educators’ perspectives of international social work students’ sociopragmatic communication skills
Authors: Grieve Averil , Ta Binh , Ross Bella
Published: August 2022

International students who speak English as an additional language report experiencing communication issues while completing their studies and work-integrated learning placements in a range of Anglophone countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Australia. To address this issue, accreditation and registration bodies for a number of health professions, such as social work and nursing, have advocated for increasing the test score requirements for university English language entry. However, from a sociolinguistic perspective, decisions concerning ways to address communication challenges need to take into account the unique communication skills required for functioning in specific workplace settings. It is therefore essential to identify the types of communication issues occurring during work-integrated learning opportunities (e.g. placement) and to then assess whether these should be addressed by raising general English proficiency or providing structured learning opportunities for profession-specific communication development within the course content. The present study uses sociolinguistic theory to examine placement educators’ perspectives on international students’ communication issues using the context of social work placement. It draws on the thematic analysis of interviews with 15 placement educators in Australia. One major finding is that international students’ general proficiency or ability to use specific linguistic tools (pragmalinguistic competence) is not a key area of concern for educators. The main challenge seems to involve the students’ understanding of sociocultural norms underlying workplace communication (sociopragmatic competence). This finding suggests that, rather than increasing English language entry requirements, universities need to provide international students opportunities to develop their sociopragmatic competence both before and during placement. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at supporting international students who speak English as an additional language to develop their workplace communication during their studies.
From entrepreneurship to leadership
Authors: Audretsch David , Tamvada Jagannadha Pawan
Published: August 2022

Entrepreneurship needs to transition into leadership to advance stakeholders’ interests both within and outside a firm. Based on insights from recent advances in leadership theory and practice, we present a simple, yet elegant model called TRY Leadership that identifies three qualities that enable entrepreneurs to be effective leaders in society. The TRY model complements and contributes to the emerging paradigm of responsible leadership to offer an actionable framework of leadership for entrepreneurs.
Anisotropic Fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg, Weighted Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg and Lyapunov-type Inequalities, and Applications to Riesz Potentials and p-sub-Laplacian Systems
Authors: Kassymov Aidyn , Ruzhansky Michael , Suragan Durvudkhan
Published: August 2022

In this paper we prove the fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality on homogeneous Lie groups. Also, we establish weighted fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality and Lyapunov-type inequality for the Riesz potential on homogeneous Lie groups. The obtained Lyapunov inequality for the Riesz potential is new already in the classical setting of $\mathbb {R}^{N}$

ℝ

N

. As an application, we give two-sided estimate for the first eigenvalue of the Riesz potential. Also, we obtain Lyapunov inequality for the system of the fractional p-sub-Laplacian equations and give an application to estimate its eigenvalues.
Endocrinological and inflammatory markers in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boehl Gabriela , Raguindin Peter Francis , Valido Ezra , Bertolo Alessandro , Itodo Oche Adam , Minder Beatrice , Lampart Patricia , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Leichtle Alexander , Glisic Marija , Stoyanov Jivko
Published: August 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to dramatic physiological changes which can be a factor in developing secondary health conditions and might be reflected in biomarker changes in this elevated risk group. We focused specifically on the endocrine and inflammation profile differences between SCI and able-bodied individuals (ABI). Our aim was to determine the differences in inflammatory markers and endocrine profiles between SCI and ABI. We systematically searched 4 electronic databases for relevant studies. Human observational (cross-sectional, cohort, case–control) studies that compared biomarkers of interest between SCI and ABI population were included. Weighted mean difference between SCI and ABI was calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was computed using I2 statistic and chi-squared test. Study quality was evaluated through the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search strategy yielded a total of 2,603 studies from which 256 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Sixty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. SCI individuals had higher levels of pro-inflammatory C-reactive protein and IL-6 than ABI. Creatinine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were lower in SCI than ABI. Total testosterone levels and IGF-1 were also found to be lower, while cortisol and leptin levels were higher in SCI when compared to ABI. Accordingly, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and leave-one-out analysis were performed, however, they were only able to partially explain the high levels of heterogeneity. Individuals with SCI show higher levels of inflammatory markers and present significant endocrinological changes when compared to ABI. Moreover, higher incidence of obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and hypogonadism in SCI individuals, together with decreased creatinine levels reflect some of the readily measurable aspects of the phenotype changes in the SCI group. These findings need to be considered in anticipating medically related complications and personalizing SCI medical care.
Compound-internal anaphora: evidence from acceptability judgements on Italian argumental compounds
Authors: Lami Irene , van de Weijer Joost
Published: August 2022

The particular properties of argumental compounds in Italian pose interesting theoretical challenges, and investigations of possible syntactic operations within this type of complex words have resulted in conflicting conclusions. Regarding compound-internal anaphora, some researchers exclude the possibility that pronouns can refer to the non-head, while others do not. However, these findings have been based on researchers’ intuitions and on occurrences in language corpora, and while intuitions have been shown to give contrasting results, the absence of a grammatical structure in a corpus should not be taken as evidence that the structure is not possible. The present study aims to experimentally determine the possibility of compound-internal pronominal reference based on structural properties of compounds and referential expressions. Judgements were obtained from 140 Italian native speakers who rated the acceptability of sentences containing a pronoun (null or overt) referring to the argument element of an argumental compound. The results indicate that compound-internal anaphoric reference is acceptable in the case of left-headed compounds and, to a somewhat lesser extent, of verb-noun compounds. The argument element of right-headed compounds, however, does not appear to be available to anaphoric reference. Referential expressions also play a role in the degree of acceptability, with left-headed compounds allowing null form anaphora to a greater extent. These results provide new evidence on compound-internal pronominal reference and give important insights into the processing of argumental compounds.
Classification of the Epileptic Seizure Onset Zone Based on Partial Annotation
Authors: Zhao Xuyang , Zhao Qibin , Tanaka Toshihisa , Solé-Casals Jordi , Zhou Guoxu , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Sugano Hidenori , Yoshida Noboru , Cao Jianting
Published: August 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder caused by excessive electrical discharges. Currently, clinical experts identify the seizure onset zone (SOZ) channel through visual judgment based on long-time intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG), which is a very time-consuming, difficult and experience-based task. Therefore, there is a need for high-accuracy diagnostic aids to reduce the workload of clinical experts. In this article, we propose a method in which, the iEEG is split into the 20-s segment and for each patient, we ask clinical experts to label a part of the data, which is used to train a model and classify the remaining iEEG data. In recent years, machine learning methods have been successfully applied to solve some medical problems. Filtering, entropy and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are used for extracting features. We compare them to wavelet transform (WT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and other traditional methods with the aim of obtaining the best possible discriminating features. Finally, we look for their medical interpretation, which is important for clinical experts. We achieve high-performance results for SOZ and non-SOZ data classification by using the labeled iEEG data and support vector machine (SVM), fully connected neural network (FCNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) as classification models. In addition, we introduce the positive unlabeled (PU) learning to further reduce the workload of clinical experts. By using PU learning, we can learn a binary classifier with a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. This can greatly reduce the amount and difficulty of annotation work by clinical experts. All together, we show that using 105 minutes of labeled data we achieve a classification result of 91.46% on average for multiple patients.
Towards a process-oriented understanding of HR analytics: implementation and application
Authors: Wirges Felix , Neyer Anne-Katrin
Published: August 2022

Firms have recognized the opportunities presented by HR analytics; however, it is challenging for HR to convert their available data (sources) into meaningful strategical value. Moreover, research on the implementation and application of HR analytics is still in its infancy. Drawing on the socio-technical system perspective, we examine the implementation and application of HR analytics in firms. Based on a qualitative study with 17 HR analytics experts, we find that a shift to a more process-oriented perspective on HR analytics is needed. More precisely, besides the requirements for the analysis of data, the actual roles in the process of implementing and applying HR analytics need to be defined. In particular, this implies the interaction between the specialist department, the HR business partner and the HR analytics function. From a managerial perspective, we propose a process model for the future implementation and application of HR analytics.
Epidemic forecasting based on mobility patterns: an approach and experimental evaluation on COVID-19 Data
Authors: Canino Maria Pia , Cesario Eugenio , Vinci Andrea , Zarin Shabnam
Published: August 2022

During an epidemic, decision-makers in public health need accurate predictions of the future case numbers, in order to control the spread of new cases and allow efficient resource planning for hospital needs and capacities. In particular, considering that infectious diseases are spread through human-human transmissions, the analysis of spatio-temporal mobility data can play a fundamental role to enable epidemic forecasting. This paper presents the design and implementation of a predictive approach, based on spatial analysis and regressive models, to discover spatio-temporal predictive epidemic patterns from mobility and infection data. The experimental evaluation, performed on mobility and COVID-19 data collected in the city of Chicago, is aimed to assess the effectiveness of the approach in a real-world scenario.
Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Based on Time Augmented Transformer
Authors: Zhang Guangqi , Wei Chuyuan , Jing Changfeng , Wang Yanxue
Published: August 2022

Electrical load forecasting is of vital importance in intelligent power management and has been a hot spot in industrial Internet application field. Due to the complex patterns and dynamics of the data, accurate short-term load forecasting is still a challenging task. Currently, many tasks use deep neural networks for power load forecasting, and most use recurrent neural network as the basic architecture, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq), etc. However, the performance of these models is not as good as expected due to the gradient vanishing problem in recurrent neural network. Transformer is a deep learning model initially designed for natural language processing, it calculates input–output representations and captures long dependencies entirely on attention mechanisms which has great performance for capturing the complex dynamic nonlinear sequence dependence on long sequence input. In this work, we proposed a model Time Augmented Transformer (TAT) for short-term electrical load forecasting. A temporal augmented module in TAT is designed to learn the temporal relationships representation between the input history series to adapt to the short-term power load forecasting task. We evaluate our approach on a real-word dataset for electrical load and extensively compared it to the performance of the existed electrical load forecasting model including statistical approach, traditional machine learning and deep learning methods, the experimental results show that the proposed TAT model results in higher precision and accuracy in short-term load forecasting.
China's Cold War Science Diplomacy
Authors: Barrett Gordon
Published: August 2022

During the early decades of the Cold War, the People's Republic of China remained outside much of mainstream international science. Nevertheless, Chinese scientists found alternative channels through which to communicate and interact with counterparts across the world, beyond simple East/West divides. By examining the international activities of elite Chinese scientists, Gordon Barrett demonstrates that these activities were deeply embedded in the Chinese Communist Party's wider efforts to win hearts and minds from the 1940s to the 1970s. Using a wide range of archival material, including declassified documents from China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archive, Barrett provides fresh insights into the relationship between science and foreign relations in the People's Republic of China.
The Social Philosophy of Gerald Gaus: Moral Relations Amid Control, Contestation, and Complexity
Authors: VALLIER KEVIN
Published: August 2022

Gerald Gaus was one of the leading liberal theorists of the early twenty-first century. He defended liberal order based on its unique capacity to handle deep disagreement and pressed liberals toward a principled openness to pluralism and diversity. Yet, almost everything written about Gaus's work is evaluative: determining whether his arguments succeed or fail. This essay breaks from the pack by outlining underlying themes in his work. I argue that Gaus explored how to sustain moral relations between persons in light of the institutional threats of social control, evaluative pluralism, and institutional complexity, and the psychological threat of acting solely from what I shall call themere first-personal point of view. The idea of public justification is the key to sustaining moral relations in the face of such challenges. When a society's moral and political rules are justified to each person, moral relations survive the threats they face.
Reasons-Responsiveness and the Challenge of Irrelevance
Authors: HU JINGBO
Published: August 2022

Carolina Sartorio has criticized the reasons-responsiveness theory of freedom for being inconsistent with the actual-sequence view motivated by the Frankfurt-style cases. Specifically, reasons-responsiveness conceived as a modal property does not pertain to the actual sequence of the agent's action and thereby it is irrelevant to the agent's freedom and moral responsibility. Call this the challenge of irrelevance. In this article, I present this challenge in a new way that overcomes certain limitations of Sartorio's argument. I argue that the root of the challenge is that reasons-responsiveness as an unmanifested modal property seems to be nonexplanatory for the agent's action. I show that reasons-responsiveness theorists will confront this challenge even if they do not endorse the actual-sequence view. Finally, I deflate this challenge with David Lewis's model of causal explanation, showing that reasons-responsiveness is explanatory in virtue of providing information about the causal history of the agent's action.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Multi-Technology Delivery of a Mental Health and Wellbeing System of Care Within a Youth Sports Development Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Waters Allison M. , Sluis Rachel A. , Ryan Katherine M. , Usher Wayne , Farrell Lara J. , Donovan Caroline L. , Modecki Kathryn L. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Castle Mike , Hinchey James
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to the provision of community programs and access to mental health services for young people. We examined the feasibility, reach, and acceptability of multi-technology delivery of an integrated system that assesses and provides feedback on youth mental health and wellbeing and connects them to care within the context of a youth sports development program. The system was delivered via computer, telephone, and teleconference with 66 adolescent boys participating in a rugby league development program in three communities in Australia. Young people completed online wellbeing and mental health measures (Assess step), parents were provided with telephone feedback on results, support, and referral options (Reflect step), and youth received teleconferenced workshops and online resources (Connect step). The multi-technology delivery was feasible to implement, and reach was high, with barriers experienced at the Assess step but minimally experienced at the Reflect and Connect steps. Delivering the system via multiple forms of technology was rated as highly beneficial and enjoyable by young people. Players improved in self-reported prosocial behaviour, gratitude, and anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-program. Strong collaboration between researchers, organisational personnel, and community members is important for achieving these outcomes.