bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defying Britain's Tick-Box Culture: Kathak in Dialogue with Hip-Hop
Authors: Prickett Stacey
Published: November 2012

With questions of identity and multiculturalism remaining at the centre of debates in the press, political and academia arenas, a dance production tackles these issues head on in a surprisingly humorous and accessible way. Birmingham-based Sonia Sabri Company's Kathakbox is a collaborative production exploring the theme of ‘ticking boxes’ which sets out to challenge preconceptions about identity. Four specialists in kathak, hip-hop, African Caribbean and contemporary dance are joined by three musician-vocalists who eschew instruments, utilising their voices and bodies to create a vibrant rhythmic score influenced by a cosmopolitan mix of styles. Aesthetic and ideological meeting points occur onstage in the critically praised hour-long show, while counter-hegemonic possibilities emerge in associated workshops. The article explores how the narrative potential of kathak opens the way for Muslim women participants to delve into movement possibilities and improvisational potential of both the South Asian dance form and hip-hop.
Scale-Up Approach in CATI Surveys for Estimating the Number of Foreign Body Injuries in the Aero-Digestive Tract in Children
Authors: Snidero Silvia , Soriani Nicola , Baldi Ileana , Zobec Federica , Berchialla Paola , Gregori Dario
Published: November 2012

Foreign body injuries are a well-known threat to children due to the high risk of ingestion of small objects and choking. In order to depict the epidemiological framework of such injuries, data are mostly available for hospitalizations and partially for emergency room visits. The hidden part of the phenomenon consisting of minor self-resolved injuries is still unknown. The purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the overall burden of such injuries in children in Italy. Our paper proposes the use of the scale up technique to overcome most of the pitfalls of classical techniques in the estimation of the number of children aged 0–14 that suffered a foreign body injury in 2004. Our results, based on a CATI survey on 1,081 women, show that the estimated number of children under 15 years that incurred in a foreign body injury was 15,829 (95% CI: 14,376–17,282), of these 12,844 were treated in hospital or in emergency department (95% CI: 11,535–14,153). The scale-up method in conjunction with a CATI survey provides a reliable estimate of the size of hard-to-count populations as those of injured children at lower costs with respect to classical sampling schemes.
Biological Activities of Toninia candida and Usnea barbata Together with Their Norstictic Acid and Usnic Acid Constituents
Authors: Ranković Branislav , Kosanić Marijana , Stanojković Tatjana , Vasiljević Perica , Manojlović Nedeljko
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Toninia candida and Usnea barbata and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of these extracts together with some of their major metabolites. The chemical composition of T. candida and U. barbata extracts was determined using HPLC-UV analysis. The major phenolic compounds in these extracts were norstictic acid (T. candida) and usnic acid (U. barbata). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power and determination of total phenolic compounds. Results of the study proved that norstictic acid had the largest antioxidant activity. The total content of phenols in the extracts was determined as the pyrocatechol equivalent. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration using the broth microdilution method. The most active was usnic acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using the microculture tetrazolium test. Usnic acid was found to have the strongest anticancer activity towards both cell lines with IC50 values of 12.72 and 15.66 μg/mL.
Paralytic Toxins Accumulation and Tissue Expression of α-Amylase and Lipase Genes in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Fed with the Neurotoxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella
Authors: Rolland Jean-Luc , Pelletier Kevin , Masseret Estelle , Rieuvilleneuve Fabien , Savar Veronique , Santini Adrien , Amzil Zouher , Laabir Mohamed
Published: November 2012

The pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was experimentally exposed to the neurotoxic Alexandrium catenella and a non-producer of PSTs, Alexandrium tamarense (control algae), at concentrations corresponding to those observed during the blooming period. At fixed time intervals, from 0 to 48 h, we determined the clearance rate, the total filtered cells, the composition of the fecal ribbons, the profile of the PSP toxins and the variation of the expression of two α-amylase and triacylglecerol lipase precursor (TLP) genes through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed a significant decrease of the clearance rate of C. gigas fed with both Alexandrium species. However, from 29 to 48 h, the clearance rate and cell filtration activity increased only in oysters fed with A. tamarense. The toxin concentrations in the digestive gland rose above the sanitary threshold in less than 48 h of exposure and GTX6, a compound absent in A. catenella cells, accumulated. The α-amylase B gene expression level increased significantly in the time interval from 6 to 48 h in the digestive gland of oysters fed with A. tamarense, whereas the TLP gene transcript was significantly up-regulated in the digestive gland of oysters fed with the neurotoxic A. catenella. All together, these results suggest that the digestion capacity could be affected by PSP toxins.
Food Group Intake and Micronutrient Adequacy in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Moore Lynn L. , Singer Martha R. , Qureshi M. Mustafa , Bradlee M. Loring , Daniels Stephen R.
Published: November 2012

This study explores the contribution of food group intakes to micronutrient adequacy among 2379 girls in the National Growth and Health Study during three age periods (9–13, 14–18, and 19–20 years). Data on food and nutrient intakes from 3-day diet records over 10 years were used to estimate mean intakes and percent meeting Dietary Guidelines (DGA) recommendations for food intakes and Institute of Medicine’s recommendations for vitamins and minerals. More than 90% of girls failed to consume the recommended amounts of fruit, vegetables and dairy; 75% consumed less than the recommended amounts in the “meat” group. The vast majority of girls of all ages had inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins D and E. In contrast, they consumed >750 kcal/day (~40% of total energy) from the DGA category of solid fat and added sugars, about five times the recommended maximum intakes. This study shows the importance of consuming a variety of foods in all five food groups, including those that are more energy dense such as dairy and meats, in order to meet a broad range of nutrient guidelines. Diet patterns that combined intakes across food groups led to greater improvements in overall nutritional adequacy.
Evaluation of Four Supervised Learning Methods for Benthic Habitat Mapping Using Backscatter from Multi-Beam Sonar
Authors: Hasan Rozaimi , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Monk Jacquomo
Published: November 2012

An understanding of the distribution and extent of marine habitats is essential for the implementation of ecosystem-based management strategies. Historically this had been difficult in marine environments until the advancement of acoustic sensors. This study demonstrates the applicability of supervised learning techniques for benthic habitat characterization using angular backscatter response data. With the advancement of multibeam echo-sounder (MBES) technology, full coverage datasets of physical structure over vast regions of the seafloor are now achievable. Supervised learning methods typically applied to terrestrial remote sensing provide a cost-effective approach for habitat characterization in marine systems. However the comparison of the relative performance of different classifiers using acoustic data is limited. Characterization of acoustic backscatter data from MBES using four different supervised learning methods to generate benthic habitat maps is presented. Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC), Quick, Unbiased, Efficient Statistical Tree (QUEST), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were evaluated to classify angular backscatter response into habitat classes using training data acquired from underwater video observations. Results for biota classifications indicated that SVM and RF produced the highest accuracies, followed by QUEST and MLC, respectively. The most important backscatter data were from the moderate incidence angles between 30° and 50°. This study presents initial results for understanding how acoustic backscatter from MBES can be optimized for the characterization of marine benthic biological habitats.
Intracellular ATP Assay of Live Cells Using PTD-Conjugated Luciferase
Authors: Lee Mi-Sook , Park Wan-Soon , Kim Young , Ahn Won , Kwon Seung-Hae , Her Song
Published: November 2012

Luciferase is a sensitive, reliable biological sensor used for measuring ATP. However, its widespread application in drug discovery and toxicology studies has been limited due to unavoidable cell extraction processes, which cause inaccurate measurements of intracellular ATP and obstruct the application of homogenous high-throughput screening. Recently, we developed a protein transduction domain-conjugated luciferase (PTD-Luc) for measuring cellular uptake efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of PTD-Luc to an intracellular ATP assay of live cells. The predominant fluorescence of Alexa 647-PTD-Luc was in the cytosol, whereas the fluorescence of Alexa 647-Luc was visualized surrounding the cell membrane, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. In vitro, PTD-Luc could detect less than 10–9 M ATP, and the correlation between the luciferase activity of PTD-Luc and the ATP content was strong (R = 0.999, p < 0.001). In vivo, luminescence signals of PTD-Luc detected intracellular ATP in as few as 50 HeLa cells, with a strong correlation between luminescence and cell number, suggesting high sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore, two blockers of the glycolytic pathway (2-deoxyglucose and iodoacetic acid) inhibited the signal in a dose-dependent manner, whereas potassium cyanide, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, had no effect on intracellular ATP in vivo, as seen with the PTD-Luc sensor. These data show that PTD-Luc can directly measure the intracellular ATP content in live cells, allowing real-time kinetic studies, suggesting that it is a promising tool for high-throughput drug screening and cytotoxicity assays.
Robust Observation Detection for Single Object Tracking: Deterministic and Probabilistic Patch-Based Approaches
Authors: Zulkifley Mohd Asyraf , Rawlinson David , Moran Bill
Published: November 2012

In video analytics, robust observation detection is very important as thecontent of the videos varies a lot, especially for tracking implementation. Contraryto the image processing field, the problems of blurring, moderate deformation, lowillumination surroundings, illumination change and homogenous texture are normallyencountered in video analytics. Patch-Based Observation Detection (PBOD) is developed toimprove detection robustness to complex scenes by fusing both feature- and template-basedrecognition methods. While we believe that feature-based detectors are more distinctive,however, for finding the matching between the frames are best achieved by a collectionof points as in template-based detectors. Two methods of PBOD—the deterministic andprobabilistic approaches—have been tested to find the best mode of detection. Bothalgorithms start by building comparison vectors at each detected points of interest. Thevectors are matched to build candidate patches based on their respective coordination. Forthe deterministic method, patch matching is done in 2-level test where threshold-basedposition and size smoothing are applied to the patch with the highest correlation value. Forthe second approach, patch matching is done probabilistically by modelling the histogramsof the patches by Poisson distributions for both RGB and HSV colour models. Then,maximum likelihood is applied for position smoothing while a Bayesian approach is appliedfor size smoothing. The result showed that probabilistic PBOD outperforms the deterministicapproach with average distance error of 10.03% compared with 21.03%. This algorithm is best implemented as a complement to other simpler detection methods due to heavyprocessing requirement.
A Development Architecture for Serious Games Using BCI (Brain Computer Interface) Sensors
Authors: Sung Yunsick , Cho Kyungeun , Um Kyhyun
Published: November 2012

Games that use brainwaves via brain–computer interface (BCI) devices, to improve brain functions are known as BCI serious games. Due to the difficulty of developing BCI serious games, various BCI engines and authoring tools are required, and these reduce the development time and cost. However, it is desirable to reduce the amount of technical knowledge of brain functions and BCI devices needed by game developers. Moreover, a systematic BCI serious game development process is required. In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of BCI serious games. We describe an architecture, authoring tools, and development process of the proposed methodology, and apply it to a game development approach for patients with mild cognitive impairment as an example. This application demonstrates that BCI serious games can be developed on the basis of expert-verified theories.
A Neural Network Based Intelligent Predictive Sensor for Cloudiness, Solar Radiation and Air Temperature
Authors: Ferreira Pedro M. , Gomes João M. , Martins Igor A. C. , Ruano António E.
Published: November 2012

Accurate measurements of global solar radiation and atmospheric temperature,as well as the availability of the predictions of their evolution over time, are importantfor different areas of applications, such as agriculture, renewable energy and energymanagement, or thermal comfort in buildings. For this reason, an intelligent, light-weightand portable sensor was developed, using artificial neural network models as the time-seriespredictor mechanisms. These have been identified with the aid of a procedure based on themulti-objective genetic algorithm. As cloudiness is the most significant factor affecting thesolar radiation reaching a particular location on the Earth surface, it has great impact on theperformance of predictive solar radiation models for that location. This work also representsone step towards the improvement of such models by using ground-to-sky hemisphericalcolour digital images as a means to estimate cloudiness by the fraction of visible skycorresponding to clouds and to clear sky. The implementation of predictive models inthe prototype has been validated and the system is able to function reliably, providingmeasurements and four-hour forecasts of cloudiness, solar radiation and air temperature.
PERIODIC WAVES IN MICROSTRUCTURED SOLIDS AND INVERSE PROBLEMS
Authors: Sertakov Ivan , Janno Jaan
Published: November 2012

Conditions for the existence of periodic and solitary waves in 1D microstructured solid of Mindlin type are deduced. Inverse problems to determine material properties are solved.
COMPARISON OF ADAPTIVE MESHES FOR A SINGULARLY PERTURBED REACTION–DIFFUSION PROBLEM
Authors: Bugajev Andrej , Čiegis Raimondas
Published: November 2012

We consider a singular second-order boundary value problem. The differential problem is approximated by the Galerkin finite element scheme. The main goal is to compare the well known apriori Bakhvalov and Shishkin meshes with the adaptive mesh based on the aposteriori dual error estimators. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Las identidades transitorias. Estrategias de socialización de los residentes europeos en la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Francés García Francisco José , Santacreu Fernández Óscar Antonio
Published: November 2012

El artículo plantea un análisis en torno a las claves explicativas del proceso de formación de capital social y las estrategias de inserción en la sociedad civil española de los extranjeros europeos residentes en la Comunidad Valenciana. La hipótesis de trabajo plantea la existencia de dos discursos diferenciados (integración y coexistencia). Los resultados muestran cómo las variables “edad” y “posición laboral” determinan en gran medida la adscripción a uno u otro discurso, manteniendo sin embargo elementos comunes, como son la concepción individual del proceso de inserción en la sociedad civil y la consideración instrumental de la nacionalidad. Esto revela que el proceso de construcción de capital social de los extranjeros europeos compone un paradigma explicativo diferente al de los procesos de inmigración extracomunitaria. El artículo finaliza con un análisis dimensional de diferentes elementos propios del capital social vinculado a la realidad de la población estudiada.
The Web of Identity
Authors: Koole Marguerite L. , Parchoma Gale
Published: November 2012

This chapter examines how learners develop a sense of self and belonging in networked learning environments. The authors propose that individuals create and negotiate their identities through an iterative process of dialogic and symbolic exchange with other individuals. The process is always in flux as individuals constantly readjust their understanding and actions within a given context. Individuals strive to reach comfortable levels of cognitive resonance in which they integrate experiences and beliefs of the external world into their personal narratives. To explain this process, the authors provide the Web of Identity (WoI) model. Based on the work of Goffman (1959) and Foucault (1988), this model is composed of five dramaturgical strategies: technology, power, social structure, cultural, and personal agency. These strategies both guide and enable the enactment of behaviour. For researchers, exploring identity and affiliation through the WoI lens raises a series of thought-provoking questions worthy of further investigation.
Performing the Discourse of Sexuality Online
Authors: Kreps David
Published: November 2012

This chapter focuses on Foucault, Butler, and video-sharing on sexual social networking sites. It argues that the use and prevalence of video-sharing technologies on sexual social networking websites has a direct impact on notions of sexual identity. Though sometimes pitted against one another and at times contradictory, the ideas of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler on the nature and expression of sexuality and gender identities in fact gel rather well, and both can help us to gain a deeper and more rounded picture of the impact and importance of the burgeoning phenomenon of internet dating websites in general, and sexual social networking in particular.
Identity and the Online Media Fan Community
Authors: Lawrence K. Faith
Published: November 2012

While new technology offers the promise of abstraction and automation, the Web offers an efficient, global method of communication between people, both as individuals and within and amongst groups. The recent prominence of the social web reflects and acknowledges an underlying facet of human nature – that humans like to interact and will use whatever is available to them to do so. But communication and interaction are about more than the exchange of information; they are about who we are. This chapter presents a case study in identity and trust within the online media fan (OMF) community.
Identity of Virtual Supporters
Authors: Atici Bunyamin , Bati Ugur
Published: November 2012

The main purpose of this study is to develop a framework for understanding and analyzing digital media as an autonomous social space or structure in which to construct an identity. This chapter extends debate on the impact of developing an online identity by focusing on football supporters, a specific and prevalent community within Turkish society. The authors examine issues surrounding online identity and the impact of digital culture on football supporters through questionnaires conducted with members of fan-based web sites, football forums, and football blogs in Turkey. In the research, the authors focus on the digital identity of fans from the three major clubs of Turkey - Besiktas, Fenerbahce, and Galatasaray. The independent football fan communities of Carsi, UltrAslan, and Gencfb are also present in the digital environment in the form of the official websites of these fan communities at www.forzabesiktas.com, www.ultraslan.com, and www.gencfb.org. The three main websites also include different forums and blogs. This research examines the impact of digital media and distributed social spaces of these clubs’ supporters on contemporary understandings of their digital identity. The authors give the conceptual frameworks and approaches to understanding digital identity of football fans. In this context, authenticity, fanaticism, reputation, belonging, and defending identity are examined to understand individual, group, community, and network based digital identities. From a theoretical perspective, the chapter also tries to understand what it means to be a part of a community using digital media.
Readiness to Adopt E-Business Among SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Marimuthu Malliga , Omar Azizah , Ramayah T. , Mohamad Osman
Published: November 2012

The adoption of the Internet as a business strategy tool is becoming an important way for firms to expand their business through innovative strategies. This study provides an insight concerning the factors that influence the adoption of the Internet to support business activities, also known as e-business among SMEs in Malaysia. In addition, the study also examines the relationship between e-business adoption and the business performance of the SMEs. Using a structured survey questionnaire, a usable response was received and statistically analyzed from 177 SMEs that currently use e-business. The research found that organizational characteristics, technology characteristics and environmental characteristics influence e-business adoption and that the adoption of e-business has a direct influence on the business performance of the SMEs. The findings of this study can aid and encourage the SMEs in developing countries to build a competitive advantage by using the Internet in their business strategy practices.
An Improved Dynavote E-Voting Protocol Implementation
Authors: AbdulRahim Abdulwasiu Kailani , Folorunso Olusegun , Sharma Sushil
Published: November 2012

Electronic voting—the use of computers or computerized voting equipment to cast and tabulate and tally ballots in an election in a trustable manner—is a pillar of e-Government. The DynaVote voting protocol system proposed by Cetinkaya and Koc (2007) is assumed secure and practicable on a network. However, the DynaVote e-Voting protocol does not completely protect the voting counter against impersonated votes, especially when the pseudo-Vote identities are known by the wrong voter or compromised by authorities. To address this problem, a prototype called improved DynaVote e-Vote protocol was designed to protect the counter from anomalies associated with counting impersonated votes (multiple votes) in the same election. This was achieved by introducing biometric fingerprint and pseudo voter identities (PVID) encryption for each voter during voter registration via online or data mining of population data containing fingerprint biometrics. Furthermore, fingerprint reader and RSA public key cryptography is used in PVID to eliminate counting impersonated votes. The performance results showed that improved DynaVote e-Vote protocol is more reliable, eligible, and accurate, and protects voter privacy against other e-Vote protocols.
Innovation in Learning
Authors: Arpaci Ibrahim , Gürbüz Tarkan
Published: November 2012

Innovation is a key for the growth, productivity, competitiveness, survival, and profitability in the today’s competitive world. This paper examines the relevant aspects of literature on invention and innovation concepts, including characteristics of innovation, types of innovation, diffusion of innovation, innovation process, types of innovators, importance of innovation, tools and techniques for innovation. This study forms an extensive review of relevant academic literature through continuous iterative and comprehensive literature study to develop a conceptual framework. Consequently, tools and techniques to generate new ideas for innovation are explored and, to improve learning, how these innovative tools and techniques can be used in educational settings is explained.
Intranet as a Quality Manual in Higher Education
Authors: Kettunen Juha
Published: November 2012

This study describes how the Intranet of a higher education institution can be used as a quality manual. The study is based on process management. The process architecture can be used as a structure for the Intranet. This Intranet also includes detailed process descriptions and makes them available for management, personnel, and students. The flow charts and process cards provide managers with more awareness and control over their responsibilities and ensure that the objectives and high quality can be achieved. The results of this study are useful for those who want to develop quality manuals for higher education institutions.
The Effect of Online Collaboration Environment on Prospective Teachers’ Attitude and the Evaluation of Their Opinions
Authors: Özsoy Nesrin , Ak Serife , Özen Deniz , Yilmaz Yusuf
Published: November 2012

This study examines the use of Moodle assisted online collaboration environment in a Special Teaching Techniques class. In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of Moodle assisted online collaboration on prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ attitudes toward the use of the Internet and evaluate the prospective teachers’ opinions regarding the process. The method of this study is one grouped pre-test post-test model. The 30 participants of secondary mathematics education without thesis program are the study group of this research. The special mathematics teaching techniques class supported lessons with the help of the Moodle environment for 9 weeks. After the process, no significant difference existed in the attitudes of the prospective mathematics teachers toward Internet usage. However, according to the interviews, the teachers said they found the process advantageous and favorable and want further implementations in other classes.
Measuring Lecturers’ Perception of Transition to E-Learning Systems and Digital Divide
Authors: Mercangöz Burcu Adigüzel , Çilan Çigdem Aricigil , Balaban M. Erdal
Published: November 2012

The development of internet technology has affected spread of e-learning programs. Students have been attending e-learning programs worldwide. For example, students in Turkey have increasingly been using this technology to attend e-MBA programs. Due to constraints like lecturers, ability to use technology and the infrastructure of information technologies in current education systems it is not possible to reach high levels of higher education. In this paper, the authors measure lecturers’ behaviors toward e-learning activities. The study gauges their ability to use information technology, perceptions about the advantages of e-learning program, and readiness for the transition. Data are provided from a survey conducted in the School of Business Administration at Istanbul University. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests are used to analyze the data. These tests measure the digital divide between academicians taking into account their academic qualifications, gender and departments.
Maximizing the Flow Reliability in Cellular IP Network Using PSO
Authors: Anbar Mohammad , Vidyarthi Deo P.
Published: November 2012

A Cellular IP (CIP) network involves a bulk of data transmission. It is highly reliable and guarantees the safe delivery of the packets required in such systems. Reliable traffic performance leads to efficient and reliable connectivity in Cellular IP network. CIP network, which consists of mobile hosts, base stations, and links, are often vulnerable and prone to failure. During the routing operation in the network, the base station, which works as router for the transmitted packets, may fail to perform. Reliable transmission is desirable, in terms of services of the base stations in the network, reliable routing, and processing the data. In this paper, the authors design a reliability model to increase the reliability of a flow, consisting of packets, passing through routers in a Cellular IP network. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is able to solve a class of complex optimization problems. PSO is used to improve the reliability of the flow in CIP network. The proposed model studies the effects of packet processing rate (), packet arrival rate (), and the number of packets per flow on the reliability of the system. A simulation experiment is conducted and results reveal the effectiveness of the model.
Application of Extrinsic Information Transfer Charts to Anticipate Turbo Code Behavior
Authors: Lokshina Izabella
Published: November 2012

This paper examines turbo codes that are currently introduced in many international standards, including the UMTS standard for third generation personal communications and the ETSI DVB-T standard for Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting. The convergence properties of the iterative decoding process associated with a given turbo-coding scheme are estimated using the analysis technique based on so-called extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. This approach provides a possibility to anticipate the bit error rate (BER) of a turbo code system using only the EXIT chart. It is shown that EXIT charts are powerful tools to analyze and optimize the convergence behavior of iterative systems utilizing the turbo principle. The idea is to consider the associated SISO stages as information processors that map input a priori LLR’s onto output extrinsic LLR’s, the information content being obviously assumed to increase from input to output, and introduce them to the design of turbo systems without the reliance on extensive simulation. Compared with the other methods for generating EXIT functions, the suggested approach provides insight into the iterative behavior of linear turbo systems with substantial reduction in numerical complexity.
Sensing Technologies for Societal Well-Being
Authors: Gomez Elizabeth Avery
Published: November 2012

Sensing technologies by design are calibrated for accuracy against an expected measurement scale. Sensor calibration and signal processing criteria are one type of sensor data, while the sensor readings are another. Ensuring data accuracy and precision from sensors is an essential, ongoing challenge, but these issues haven’t stopped the potential for pervasive application use. Technological advances afford an opportunity for sensor data integration as a vehicle for societal well-being and the focus of ongoing research. A lean and flexible architecture is needed to acquire sensor data for societal well-being. As such, this research places emphasis on the acquisition of environmental sensor data through lean application programming protocols (APIs) through services such as SMS, where scant literature is presented. The contribution of this research is to advance the research that integrates sensor data with pervasive applications.
A Complete Spectrum Sensing and Sharing Model for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Using Markov Chain State Machine
Authors: Rajaee Amir , Saedy Mahdy , Kelley Brian
Published: November 2012

This paper presents the Cognitive Radio framework for wireless Ad Hoc networks. The proposed Cognitive Radio framework is a complete model for Cognitive Radio that describes the sensing and sharing procedures in wireless networks by introducing Queued Markov Chain method in spectrum sensing and Competitive Indexing Algorithm in spectrum sharing part. Queued Markov Chain method is capable of considering waiting time and is well generalized for an unlimited number of secondary users. It includes the sharing aspect of Cognitive Radio. Power-law distribution of node degree in scale-free networks is important for considering the traffic distribution and resource management thus we consider the effect of the topology on sensing and sharing performances. The authors demonstrate that CIF outperforms Uniform Indexing (UI) algorithm in Scale-Free networks while in Random networks UI performs as well as CIF.
Value Creation in Electronic Supply Chains by Adoption of a Vendor Managed Inventory System
Authors: Kayikci Yasanur
Published: November 2012

Many strategies have been developed to manage supply chain operations effectively. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) system is one of the prevalent strategic tools of the supply side logistics based on the electronic data exchange and business process automation among the suppliers and customers to enhance the competitive advantage. VMI is widely used in different industries including automotive sector. The VMI concept is a continuous replenishment program where suppliers are given access to demand and inventory level of customers and they are fully responsible for managing and replenishing the customer’s stock. VMI’s extension on customer satisfaction cannot be perceived sufficiently by decision-makers who are responsible to develop and invest in the customer-supplier relationship. This paper presents a path model using the method of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to give insight to decision-makers to understand effect of the VMI adoption on customer satisfaction. This paper investigates both determinants of relative factors of successful VMI adoption and the relationship in the supply chain with an empirical automotive industry case. The results show that the collaboration and coordination between customer and supplier and infrastructure of the information-sharing are the important dimensions to add value to the supply chain and to enhance customer satisfaction.
Distributed and Fixed Mobility Management Strategy for IP-Based Mobile Networks
Authors: Upadhyay Paramesh C. , Tiwari Sudarshan
Published: November 2012

Hierarchical Mobile IP (HMIP) reduces the signaling delay and number of registration messages to home agent (HA) by restricting them to travel up to a local gateway only. It uses centralized gateways that may disrupt the communications, in the event of a gateway failure, between a gateway and the mobile users residing with underlying foreign agents (FAs) in a regional network. Dynamic mobility management schemes, using distributed gateways, proposed in literature, tend to circumvent the problems in HMIP. These schemes employ varying regional network sizes or hierarchy levels that are dynamically selected according to call-to-mobility ratio (CMR) of individual user. In reality, this information cannot be readily available in practice. Also, any unusual alterations in CMR values may hamper the system performance. This paper proposes a new mobility management strategy for IP-based mobile networks, which is independent of individual user history. The proposed scheme uses subnet-specific registration areas and is fully distributed so that the signaling overheads are evenly shared at each FA. The scheme provides a viable alternative to dynamic mobility management schemes for its simplicity, performance, and ease of implementation.
The Physics of Music
Authors: Pakarinen Jyri
Published: November 2012

This chapter discusses the central physical phenomena involved in music. The aim is to provide an explanation of the related issues in an understandable level, without delving unnecessarily deep in the underlying mathematics. The chapter is divided in two main sections: musical sound sources and sound transmission to the observer. The first section starts from the definition of sound as wave motion, and then guides the reader through the vibration of strings, bars, membranes, plates, and air columns, that is, the oscillating sources that create the sound for most of the musical instruments. Resonating structures, such as instrument bodies are also reviewed, and the section ends with a discussion on the potential physical markup parameters for musical sound sources. The second section starts with an introduction to the basics of room acoustics, and then explains the acoustic effect that the human observer causes in the sound field. The end of the second section provides a discussion on which sound transmission parameters could be used in a general music markup language. Finally, a concluding section is presented.
Expressing Musical Features, Class Labels, Ontologies, and Metadata Using ACE XML 2.0
Authors: McKay Cory , Fujinaga Ichiro
Published: November 2012

This chapter includes a critical review of existing file formats that have been used in MIR research. This is followed by a set of design priorities that are proposed for use in developing new formats and improving existing ones. The details of the ACE XML specification are then described in this context. Finally, research priorities for the future are discussed, as well as possible uses for ACE XML outside the specific domain of MIR.
Chronicle
Authors: Schepens Wijnand , Leman Marc
Published: November 2012

It is hoped that developers of new XML-encodings in different domains can use Chronicle as a powerful base layer. The software can also be useful for researchers who need an easy and flexible way to store XML-data.
Expressiveness in Music Performance
Authors: Canazza Sergio , De Poli Giovanni , Rodà Antonio , Vidolin Alvise
Published: November 2012

During the last decade, in the fields of both systematic musicology and cultural musicology, a lot of research effort (using methods borrowed from music informatics, psychology, and neurosciences) has been spent to connect two worlds that seemed to be very distant or even antithetic: machines and emotions. Mainly in the Sound and Music Computing framework of human-computer interaction an increasing interest grew in finding ways to allow machines communicating expressive, emotional content using a nonverbal channel. Such interest has been justified with the objective of an enhanced interaction between humans and machines exploiting communication channels that are typical of human-human communication and that can therefore be easier and less frustrating for users, and in particular for non-technically skilled users (e.g. musicians, teacher, students, common people). While on the one hand research on emotional communication found its way into more traditional fields of computer science such as Artificial Intelligence, on the other hand novel fields are focusing on such issues. The examples are studies on Affective Computing in the United States, KANSEI Information Processing in Japan, and Expressive Information Processing in Europe. This chapter presents the state of the art in the research field of a computational approach to the study of music performance. In addition, analysis methods and synthesis models of expressive content in music performance, carried out by the authors, are presented. Finally, an encoding system aiming to encode the music performance expressiveness will be detailed, using an XML-based approach.
Integration of Digital Reference Service for Scholarly Communication in Digital Libraries
Authors: Jadhav Vilas G.
Published: November 2012

Digital libraries are a key connector to the information resources that are necessary for the growth of research in today’s era. The ability to disseminate and promote one’s work and research is an important component of managing and communicating information. Digital libraries and the Web have brought enormously powerful search mechanisms to the desktops of many researchers. The present chapter is a conceptual approach to discuss the various aspects of digital libraries, scholarly communication, and the integration of the digital reference service in the digital environment. The chapter analyzes various skills required of the researcher for searching quality information in digital libraries. As a result, researchers should be trained to read and evaluate material from a much wider range of subjects than previously necessary.
Perspectives of Digital Library Evaluation
Authors: Alentejo Eduardo da Silva
Published: November 2012

The Virtual Health Library can be visualized as a distributed base of scientific and technical health knowledge that is saved, organized, and stored in electronic format in the countries of the South America and the Caribbean Region, universally accessible on the Internet and compatible with international databases and standards. The quality management of Virtual Health Library (VHL) presents an evaluation methodology from Marketing of Services identified as “quality information system.” It questions how the method quality information system contributes to VHL management model evaluation. The use of qualitative-quantitative research allows applying the method concerned to actions and recommendations adopted by the VHL model. This chapter considers quality management concerned with two main VHL aspects: health information literacy and the VHL site’s network based on its quality control. It presents the working of the methodology of quality information system under the focus of the VHL management. It utilizes Digital Library quality dimensions to demonstrate the VHL quality program under the application of quality information system methodology. It concludes that VHL quality control must add a composite of quality to obtain the client’s point of view of its users. VHL must develop social tools as best practice to evaluate quality from customers’ points of view.
Open Content
Authors: Shewale Nilesh A. , B. Preedip Balaji , Shewale Madhukar
Published: November 2012

The rapidly growing open content movement has intense outcomes and teaching approaches for the emergent social learning. Open content is any kind of creative work, or content, published under a license that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone; on the other hand, a closed system follows a completely proprietary approach. In this chapter, the authors discuss open vs. closed systems, open content development process and model, challenges in content decision, 4Rs in open content, and tools. They also highlight some of the instances where open content has proved beneficial for the education, organization, and the users in building an open knowledge society.
The Concept of Metadata for Digital Information Resources with Special Reference to Dublin Core (DC)
Authors: Tyagi Sunil
Published: November 2012

This chapter defines metadata, their types, creation, and some of the important functions. It enumerates an overview of the basic elements of the Dublin Core Metadata standard, and other metadata standards are also mentioned. The problem has been studied based on the information available in the open literature. As electronic information resources are rising and digital library initiatives are gaining wide acceptance, knowledge of metadata formats will help our library professionals in adapting their skills in cataloguing, classification, subject heading, key wording, and indexing for better inventory and exhaustive usage of electronic information. Metadata serves three general purposes. It supports resource discovery and locates the actual digital resource by inclusion of a digital identifier. As the number of electronic resources grows, metadata is used to create aggregate sites, bringing similar resources together and distinguishing dissimilar resources. The World Wide Web has created a revolution in the accessibility of digital information resources. Metadata is key to ensuring that resources will survive and continue to be accessible into the future. It can be embedded in a digital object or it can be stored separately like library catalogues. The Dublin Core (DC) is the most popular and widely accepted standard proposed to describe almost all categories of networked electronic resources.
Strategies and Issues of Institutional Repositories
Authors: Singh Ajay Pratap , Shukla Pooja
Published: November 2012

In the age of ICT, the concept of institutional repository has arisen, which has become a very essential mode of accessing and sharing information. Institutional repositories are digital collections of the outputs created within a university or research institution. This chapter discusses the growth of institutional repositories in India. This chapter is a consideration of some of the important aspects related with institutional repositories. The chapter also explores the trends at the global and national levels of institutional repositories. The present chapter also discusses some important software, which is being used by institutional repositories of various organizations worldwide.
Digital Repositories as Harbingers of Open Access in India
Authors: Wasan Shalini , Chakravarty Rupak
Published: November 2012

Open Access (OA) is a noble cause as it removes all hurdles from free access to scholarly works and promotes knowledge sharing. The OA movement is strengthened by Institutional Repositories (IRs). IRs are based on institute-specific requirements, workflow pattern, metadata, and other related standards for different kinds of digital documents, search and retrieval requirements, and user interfaces at various levels. In India, some elite educational and research institutes such as the Indian Statistical Institute, some CSIR Laboratories, IITs, and IIMs have taken significant initiatives in building IRs. In addition, a few Universities, such as the Central University of Hyderabad, are working on building IRs. According to various databases, the total number of Indian IRs exceeds 40, but out of these only 25 are functional, while the rest of them are either non-functional or inaccessible. The present chapter is an effort to cover the various aspects of functional IRs in India.
Building Repository Banking and Finance (ReBaF)
Authors: Munawaroh
Published: November 2012

Repository Banking and Finance (ReBaf) is one of the digital library services developed by STIE Perbanas Surabaya in an effort to extend the collection of banking and financial data organized by the Library of STIE Perbanas Surabaya. The ReBaf SISFO (information system) applies open-source software basis with PHP SQL programming language and Postgre SQL database.
Strategic Approach to 24/7 Services
Authors: Kwon Maria Vee
Published: November 2012

This chapter will provide a strategic approach and firsthand insight into the best practices for Nyack Hospital’s User Community “Gateway to NH Medical Library Resources” Virtual Library 24/7 service. In an effort to maximize Library and Information Services (LIS) while minimizing the department’s planned budget and licensing fees, the author will share current practices of the knowledge-based information needs of the Hospital: Nyack Hospital and LIS Mission/Goals/Objectives, US Federal Government Mandates for Electronic Medical Records (EMR), Nyack’s McKesson Paragon Hospital Information System, Coordination of Knowledge Management – eResources (Web-version) and the function of hard copy, Acquisition, Annual Licensing Agreement (Institutional), Dissemination, and Preservation of Information Resources, Coordination with Southeastern New York Library Research Council (SENYLRC) and Hospital Library Program Services (HLSP), Extensive Literature Search and Document Delivery Services thru NLM/DOCLINE and ILL, End-User Orientation and Training, Continuing Medical Education (CME) Services. The author will present the current status of the state-of-the-art Med Lib Research Info Center and conclude with the future direction of the Research Learning Center.