bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nizhny Novgorod City Widows’ Home at End of 19th — Early 20th Century: Activities in Education and Healthcare
Authors: Tikhovodova A. V.
Published: October 2023

This article examines the activities of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home named after Blinovy and Bugrovy at the end of the 19th — early 20th century. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing entrepreneurial activity and private initiative in the field of charity in modern Russia, the emergence of numerous charitable organizations and foundations, and the need to familiarize oneself with historical experience. An overview of various directions of activity of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home is provided, based on its charter and reports. The educational activities of primary and vocational schools opened at the Widows’ Home are examined, along with the quantitative, social, and age composition of students, as well as the sources of material assistance provided to them. The article extensively covers the allocation of funds for education, sources and forms of donations. The medical services provided to the residents are characterized, including the number of visits by paramedics and doctors, types of diseases, levels, and causes of child and adult mortality. The article highlights the universality of the institution’s work, which combines various areas of activity within its framework. The author concludes that the second half of the 19th — early 20th century was a period of private initiative in social security with significant support from local self-government bodies.
Legislation on German Colonies Near St. Petersburg in 18th — Early 19th Centuries (Complete Collection of Laws of Russian Empire)
Authors: Cherkasyanova I. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of laws about German colonies near St. Petersburg, published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The documents from 1763 to 1803 are studied. The relevance of the work is determined by the state of historiography on Russian Germans in the Northwest. A review and analysis of the texts of laws are carried out, historical information contained in the texts is analyzed, missing documents that were used in practice are identified. The names of officials mentioned in the laws are revealed. It is stated that the corpus of laws for research is divided into acts related to all foreign colonists in Russia and acts regulating the life of St. Petersburg colonies. It is noted that laws related to suburban colonies are divided into two groups: documents of “northern” colonies founded in the 18th century and “coastal” colonies that emerged in the first decade of the 19th century. Laws about “northern” colonies are considered, which relate to the admission and placement of colonists, their internal structure, economic development, size of land grants, state debt, and its repayment. It is established that from the end of the 18th century, the topic of colonists leaving for the city and forming a layer of craftsmen and merchants from among them arises. German colonies; St. Petersburg colonists; legislation; Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire; St. Petersburg; Tsarskoe Selo; Oranienbaum; patrimonial and state lands.
Signs of Everyday Life in Linguocultural Studies
Authors: Tokarev G. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is dedicated to the linguocultural analysis of the phenomenon of everyday life, which refers to the segment of ordinary culture that encompasses the present time. The sources of the study were V. V. Veresaev’s “Memories”, G. I. Uspensky’s essays “Customs of Rasteryaev Street”, S. A. Tolstoy’s diaries, Tula newspapers, and toponyms. The study was conducted using discourse, conceptual analysis, and linguocultural interpretation methods. Culturally marked signs of everyday life were identified, including determination by the present, orientation towards the usual and standard, and precedent character. It was found that everyday life is segmented depending on the interpreter’s qualities and properties. It reflects norms and prohibitions. It is shown that everyday life is ordinary, stable, and at the same time transient, reflects naive consciousness, and is filled with a large array of cultural attitudes, stereotypes, and scenarios. Everyday life forms the basis for evaluating which people follow based on the principles of “this is how it is done” and “this is how it should be”. The semiotic aspect is considered, represented by various human practices and sign sets that are familiar to them. Typical verbal texts expressing everyday life were identified, including memoirs, diaries, travel notes, and newspapers. It is concluded that everyday life is related to identity since it is perceived by the cultural subject as their own, understandable space.
Semiotics of Vaccination Adver-tising in Media Discourse
Authors: Donskova Yu. V. , Kurilova A. D. , Makhno O. A.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the verbal and visual means in advertising COVID-19 vaccination. The task is to examine the peculiarities of semiotics in vaccination advertising based on campaigns from different countries around the world, identify successful advertising strategies, and discover the reasons for communicative failures. The study analyzes the techniques of combining visual and verbal narratives in creolized advertising texts. It emphasizes that it is the visual narrative that appeals to the subconscious, which often contributes to the recipient’s necessary post-communicative action. The article examines the tactics of argumentation used in vaccination advertising (including appeals to authority, values such as health, love, freedom, etc.), studies the semiotics of the visual elements involved in argumentation. The article also analyzes the semiotics of color signals in advertising discourse, revealing their influence on the recipient’s subconscious. Examples of using semantic signs taken from other semantic domains, such as election campaigns and road sign systems, are separately considered in vaccination campaigns. The creativity of these techniques is noted, but the danger of visual disconnect with slogans and communicative failure is also indicated. The conclusion is drawn that advertising appealing to positive feelings of social responsibility, comfort, and well-being is more effective than advertising using threat-based argumentation.
Processes of Lexical Archaiza-tion and Neologization in Modern Yakut Language
Authors: Skryabina A. A.
Published: October 2023

The process of redistribution between the active and passive vocabulary of modern Yakut language is being examined. The reasons for the archaization of vocabulary are identified, outdated words are classified by type and lexical-semantic groups, and a layer of lexical innovations is also identified. The material for the study consisted of lexical units from literary works, periodicals, and Yakut language dictionaries. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive examination and classification of layers of outdated vocabulary, neologisms, and de-archaized Yakut language vocabulary. The distribution of Yakut language archaisms into 14 lexical-semantic groups has been carried out. It has been proven that neologisms arise in the Yakut language through changes in the meaning of existing words, through the infusion of other language stocks, and through the activation of derivation processes based on their own means. It has been revealed that the process of de-archaization in the Yakut language is associated with the revival of traditional foundations of material and spiritual culture of the Yakuts. The results of the study confirm the systemic nature of changes in the lexical composition of the language, as well as their interrelation between phenomena of archaization, de-archaization, and neologization.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA KRITIS TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH
Authors: May Tiara Anggraini  , Ihsan Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine students' critical reading skills, how they can write scientific papers, and how critical reading relates to students' ability to write scientific papers in class XI at SMK Negeri 6 Padang. Because these two skills are fundamental to master, this quantitative research uses a correlation approach. The population of this research is students in class XI at SMK Negeri 6 Padang who are registered in 2023/2024. The sample in this research was class XI students, totaling 31 people. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire and the data analysis carried out is correlation analysis between variables. The results of this research are first, the reading habits of the class secondly, the scientific work writing skills of the class third, there is a significant relationship between reading skills and scientific writing skills of class XI students at SMK Negeri 6 Padang. Based on these conclusions, teachers who teach Indonesian language subjects must be more innovative in improving students' reading and writing skills at SMK Negeri 6 Padang
Immunotherapy in cancer: Where we are and what the future brings?
Authors: Antea Krsek , Kristina Krpina , Miroslav Samarzija , Dijana Detel , Lara Baticic , Vlatka Sotosek
Published: October 2023

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are recognized as the main treatment modalities for cancer. These therapeutic strategies may be effective in the early stages of the disease but are usually ineffective in advanced stages or when the cancer recurs. Recently, great efforts have been made to understand the complex interaction between the immune system and its surveillance of cancer and to find effective immunotherapies for all stages of cancer. Several types of immunotherapies, including adoptive immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockades, are receiving considerable attention. The clinical relevance of T lymphocytes and NK cells in combating carcinomas is beyond doubt, but their mechanism of tumor surveillance is far from being fully understood. In this review, much attention has been paid to the complex interplay between T lymphocytes, NK cells, and cancer cells and their role in immunotherapy. Moreover, in this review, we summarized the current data on cancer immunotherapies, especially cancer vaccines, T- and NK cell-based immunotherapies. In addition, we highlighted the role of biomarkers as important indicators of response to immunotherapy, as well as potential problems and solutions related to immunotherapy. Insights into the future of immunotherapy are also presented in this review.
Evaluation of a Patient Education Game Design Activity
Authors: Porter Andrea , Kim Olivia , Abraham Olufunmilola
Published: October 2023

Background: Game-based learning has been used in pharmacy education settings with the instructor developing a game for students to play to enhance learning. However, there is a paucity of data about health sciences students designing a game themselves to further their understanding of a complex topic. The purpose of this study was to describe and assess a game design activity focused on patient education of anticoagulants in a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory setting.
Innovation: Second-year pharmacy students enrolled in a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory course worked in teams in a one-hour active learning activity to design a game intended to educate patients about their medication. A pre/post analysis of student attitudes about game-based learning and the activity, as well as knowledge, was conducted.
Findings: The large majority of students (80.5%) agreed that the activity was an effective way to develop patient education strategies. Through the survey and free-response questions, students reported that the game design activity facilitated positive group collaboration and allowed students to take the perspective of their patients. Students also requested additional time to complete the activity. Knowledge assessment scores of key patient education points increased from 66.5% prior to the activity to 71.5% one week following the activity (p<0.05). 
Conclusion: The game design activity served as a novel teaching method for pharmacy students to actively learn about anticoagulant medications while developing an innovative patient education strategy. Although there was an increase in knowledge scores, students highlighted the impact on group collaboration and taking the perspective of their patients.
Qualitative Assessment of a Human Trafficking Module Intervention in Pharmacy Education
Authors: Palombi Laura , Kosobuski Lucas , Lee Jungeun , Westberg Sarah , Chen Nathan , Le Sherry , Van Loon Amy
Published: October 2023

Description of the Problem: Human trafficking is a critical public health threat in the United States, yet education on human trafficking for pharmacy students has not been evaluated despite pharmacists being the most accessible health care professionals.
Description of the Innovation: To evaluate the most valuable aspects of an introductory module on human trafficking, pharmacy students participated in a human trafficking module, and their perception of human trafficking was evaluated after the module. Content on human trafficking was delivered through an asynchronous online presentation followed by a synchronous Zoom class discussion. Fifty-three third-year pharmacy students from the Women’s Health elective in the fall semester of 2020 at the University of Minnesota - College of Pharmacy were included. Consensual Qualitative Research methodology was used for qualitative data analysis.
Critical Analysis: Students’ perceptions of the value of this learning module was evaluated through consensual qualitative research.   The findings suggest the module held significant value for students to better understand human trafficking and the role of pharmacists. 
Implications: A hybrid model on human trafficking involving discussions, case examples, and questions posed by students was found to have a positive impact on their knowledge on human trafficking. The results of this study will provide direction for future modules, classes, or adaptations to the curriculum on human trafficking for pharmacy students and may prove beneficial for other health care professionals.
Impact of an interdisciplinary patient care model and routine screening on clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Lam Vincent , Dimaculangan Christine
Published: October 2023

Testing for hepatitis C in hospital emergency departments (ED) and linkage to care to clinics have been reported to provide the most opportunity for screening patients and facilitating continuum of care. Treatment model initiatives have expanded to include telehealth services and open treatment capacity to non-physician providers, such as pharmacists. This study’s objective is to assess the impact of implementing automated routine screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a clinical pharmacist into the interdisciplinary care model on HCV diagnosis and treatment outcomes.  

 

This retrospective cohort study compared outcomes in a pre-intervention and post-intervention group. Patients were screened and diagnosed with HCV at Jersey City Medical Center (JCMC) and completed linkage to care at JCMC Center for Comprehensive Care. Interventions were the implementation of automated routine HCV screening in the ED and addition of a clinical pharmacist to the interdisciplinary patient care model. Primary Endpoints analyzed the number of patients who have achieved sustained virologic response after 12 weeks of treatment (SVR12) and patients who have completed treatment with no reported record of SVR12. Secondary Endpoints analyzed the number of patients lost to follow-up, appointment type, time spent in appointments, and clinical pharmacist specialist interventions. Data was collected as categorical variables and chi-squared tests assessed if there were differences between the two samples.  

 

Data was collected from 46 patients in the pre-intervention group and 37 patients in the post-intervention group. Patients consisted of mostly males. Ages ranged from 27 to 83 years old. Race and ethnicities included Black, White, Asian, and Other.  

 

This study’s results show the positive impact on implementation of routine screening, telehealth services, and an interdisciplinary team approach to HCV diagnosis and management. Given the timeframe, it also shows the potential positive impact on these interventions during a global pandemic.
Solutions For Atrial Fibrillation Edvocacy (SAFE): Improving Awareness And Access To Afib Screening For Detection And Referral For Treatment
Authors: Little Jonathan , Bonham Aaron , Bluml Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (Afib) can lead to stroke and heart failure, and early detection of Afib is an effective method of preventing these life-threatening conditions. An estimated 2.7 million Americans are living with Afib1, a number that is expected to rise dramatically in the coming years.
Methods: The aim of this demonstration project was to create an additional access point in the community at local pharmacies for Afib screening, detection, and referral to physicians for follow up and initiation of evidence-based therapy when appropriate. This prospective research study was conducted with 14 community pharmacies across the US, in which a total of 650 patients were screened for Afib. Pharmacists conducted SAFEty Risk Assessments that consisted of completion of a stroke risk scorecard and EKG determination utilizing AliveCor’s KardiaMobile® 6L device.
Results: In 552 (82.5%) of 669 total EKG readings, a “normal” rhythm was detected, and in 117 (17.5%) EKG readings an abnormal detection occurred. A total of 12 out of 650 patients (1.8%) received EKG readings of Afib, which is greater than double the expected prevalence of Afib in the US (0.81%), a statistically significant finding (p < 0.0001). Other notable findings included 42 (6.3%) EKG readings of Wide QRS, and 26 (3.9%) EKG readings of tachycardia. A total of 44 patients were referred to physicians for follow up on their risk for Afib.
Conclusions: Community pharmacies offer a unique, valuable access point for patients to receive Afib screenings. Pharmacists are well positioned to make a significant contribution in the health of their patients and increase the value of team-based health care.
Community Health Center 340B Program: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Wagner Ariela , Whitner Jangus , Williams Ariel , Hirt Kristina , Miracle Tessa , Valentino Alexa
Published: October 2023

Background: The 340B Drug Pricing Program provides discounted drug prices to safety-net entities which help stretch scarce resources to expand comprehensive services and treat more vulnerable patients. The program has received criticism questioning whether the original intentions are being accomplished.
Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand lived experiences of patients accessing high-cost injectable diabetes medication(s) through a 340B Prescription Cash Discount Program (PCDP) provided at a community health center.
Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi-structured individual interviews. We invited patients ≥18 years old with diabetes for >1 year who utilized the 340B PCDP to fill an injectable diabetes medication at least twice between 3/1/2020-3/1/2021 to participate. Trained personnel interviewed ten participants in 11/2021-2/2022 and completed thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews.
Results: Themes included 340B feedback, benefits of 340B, consequences of being without 340B, community pharmacy experience, and use of other services. Participants deemed the 340B program as a “lifesaver.” Perceived benefits of the program included improved diabetes control and savings that made their prescriptions more affordable. Consequences of being without the program include that medication was too expensive to take as prescribed and rationing/skipping doses. Participants were pleased with the accessibility of the network of contract pharmacies and described benefiting from services supported by 340B savings.
Conclusions: Recent criticisms question whether the 340B program accomplishes its original intentions of stretching scarce federal resources to help safety-net entities expand services and treat more patients. This study provides insight into the personal impact of the 340B program on underserved patients with chronic disease accessing high-cost medication(s). Findings highlight crucial strengths of the program from the patient perspective, which policymakers and other stakeholders should consider to provide support for the continuation of these services.
Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Bullying among Pharmacy Practice Faculty in the United States
Authors: Klein Kristin , Dittmar Emma , Vordenberg Sarah
Published: October 2023

Objective: To identify the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying among pharmacy practice faculty in the United States.
Methods: Members of the Pharmacy Practice section of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy were invited to complete an online survey about the frequency with which they experienced negative workplace behaviors in the communication, humiliation, manipulation, discrimination, and violence domains as well as workplace bullying in the previous 12 months. Independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to investigate associations between workplace bullying and pharmacy practice faculty demographic and employment characteristics.
Results: Participants (n=256) reported a median of 6 negative behaviors in the workplace, most often in the communication and humiliation domains. A total of 50 (19.5%) reported experiencing workplace bullying. The most common impacts of workplace bullying included increasing their stress level (n=44/49, 89.8%), negative effects on their emotional health (n=42/49, 85.7%), and job dissatisfaction (n=40/49, 81.6%). Female participants more frequently reported workplace bullying (n=43/196, 21.9%) compared to male participants (n=4/56, 7.1%; p=0.012). Individuals who identified as white were less likely to report workplace bullying (n=40/233, 17.2%) compared to individuals of all other races (n=8/19, 42.1%; p=0.008).
Conclusion: Most pharmacy practice faculty reported experiencing some degree of negative workplace behaviors during the past 12 months. Additional strategies are needed to create inclusive work environments with transparent, actionable policies when workplace bullying occurs.
 
Treatment of human subjects: IRB exemption granted
Uptake and Utilization of the COVID-19 Alert App within a University Community in New York
Authors: Park Taehwan , Awah Deion , Doshi Nancy , Castor Chimene , Ravenell Joseph , Gousse Yolene
Published: October 2023

The rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic elicited a swift response to control the virus ubiquitous within the United States. Expanded telehealth and health informatics became critical components of the pandemic response. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of the COVID-19 New York (NY) Alert App and identify the perceived benefits and limitations of the App. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data by using questionnaires with closed-ended questions. The survey was developed and administered during March through April 2021. The study found that the highest rated benefit from using the COVID-19 NY Alert App was receiving alerts about being in close proximity to individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Results showed that ineffective (insufficient and inappropriate) usage was the highest rated potential challenge for using the App. Study subjects were likely to download this Alert App when they perceived more benefits and less barriers to using the App. Findings from this study can help improve utilization of the App and inform development of similar tele-education tools. The study illuminated considerations for health information applications in scaling-up traditional COVID-19 tracing efforts and may facilitate the design of similar emergency preparedness health technology.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Hypothetical Gene Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: A Markov Simulation Analysis
Authors: Kieu Thuy Chinh , Look Kevin
Published: October 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition causing significant health and economic burden. With limited therapeutic options, clinical trials have been investigating Alzheimer’s disease treatment using more novel approaches, including gene therapy. However, there is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of such treatments.

Objectives: This research aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical gene therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease at varying degrees of severity.

Methods: A Markov model with a 20-year time horizon was constructed for simulated cohorts with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, assigned to receive either standard of care or a one-time gene therapy administration. Varying costs of care due to disease severity and treatment efficacy were utilized to determine the effect of those variables at different willingness-to-pay thresholds. 

Results: Under the initial assumption that the hypothetical gene therapy grants a 30% risk reduction in disease progression and entry into institutional care, the maximum cost-effective price for gene therapy is $141,126 per treatment using the threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). By increasing the treatment effectiveness to 50%, cost-effective price nearly doubled at each willingness-to-pay threshold (e.g., $260,902 at the $150,000/QALY threshold).

Conclusion: Despite being cost-effective at a very high price, the hypothetical gene therapy for AD would still need to be priced considerably lower than other approved gene therapies on the market. Thus, a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic assessment remains critical in pricing innovative therapy and determining coverage for patients in need.
Assessing a Medication Safety and Disposal Educational Program using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Frenzel Oliver , Steig Jayme , Hodges Alyssa
Published: October 2023

Background: Self-medication practices continue to grow due to reclassification of prescription to OTC status and self-care information on the internet, however unintended injuries and inappropriate use of medications continue to challenge healthcare providers during the provision of patient care.  Pharmacists have an integral role in pharmacovigilance and patient education activities to ensure safe medication use, storage, and disposal practices.

Objectives:  The objective of this medication safety and disposal educational program was to provide comprehensive informational support to the community coupled with an assessment using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to gauge participants’ perceived behavior change.

Methods:  The HBM was selected to assess the understanding of the community members' benefits and barriers to safe medication practices.  The HBM posits that health behaviors are influenced by perceptions of a diseases’ severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers to health practices, perceived benefits of health practices, self-efficacy, and cues to action.  An 8 item pre/post survey following the HBM constructs was developed which used a 5 point Likert scale.

Results:  A total of 25 senior participants attended the educational program.  Twenty-three pre/post surveys were completed (RR=92%).  Five items revealed a statistically significant change from pre to post-educational content including understanding risk of herbal/OTC products (p=0.021), improved awareness of medication disposal methods (p=0.044), comprehension of OTC ‘Drug Facts’ information (p=0.004), understanding OTC label information to prevent medication interactions and side effects (p=0.008), and routinely reviewing expiration dates on medications and disposing of these properly (p=0.019).

Conclusion:  This study suggests a comprehensive approach which covers a wide range of medication safety topics and disposal practices can successfully improve the knowledge and skill of community participants and potentially improve medication harm reduction practices.
Management of Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Services by Community Pharmacists in Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Ihekoronye Maduabuchi Romanus , Akande Oore-Ofe Deborah , Osemene Kanayo Patrick
Published: October 2023

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) provides important opportunity for community pharmacists to participate in oriented primary patient care. Effective management of these services is required to deliver their currently- underexploited benefits.
Objectives: Assessed attitudes and practice, examined management functions deployed and identified factors affecting provision of POCTs by community pharmacists.
Methods: A questionnaire-guided cross-sectional survey of 146 randomly-selected community pharmacists was conducted in Osun State Southwestern Nigeria. Study variables were measured on 5-point Likert scales with weighted averages, median scores and ranks used to present item performances. Interquartile ranges were computed to categorize practice scores. Chi square statistic was used to examine association of variables. ANOVA and 2-sample t-test were used to compare means.
Results: A response rate of 94.5% was achieved. Respondents had a positive attitude (MWA 3.75) towards provision of POCTs as core component of their practice (MWA 4.58) with potential to contribute significantly to profitability (MWA 4.31). Respondents’ median practice score was 3.01(moderate practice) with blood pressure screening (4.77), weight measurement (4.45), and blood glucose screening (4.18) as leading POCTs, while cervical cancer screening (1.09) was least practiced. Management of POCTs was fair (MWA 3.33) with organisation of work as pre-eminent domain (MWA 3.66). Management practices were significantly associated with almost all demographic variables (p< .05). Positive public perception of pharmacists’ roles (MWA 4.31) and their improving clinical skills (MWA 4.01) were the leading enablers while the lack of enabling policy framework (MWA 3.80) and poor health information backbone (MWA 3.78) were major challenges to routine adoption of POCTs by respondents.
Conclusion: The community pharmacists had positive attitude and moderate practice of POCTs. Management of these services was fair. Improving public perception of pharmacists should be exploited while enabling legal and health information systems should be provided to drive routine adoption of POCTs.
Rejecting False Claims from Markov Simulations in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Langley Paul
Published: October 2023

There is no abstract as this is a letter
Skrining Fitokimia dan Profil KLT Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol dan Ekstrak Partisi N-Heksana Akar Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer)
Authors: Randan Elisabeth James , Rija’i Hifdzur Rashif , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: October 2023

Tumbuhan Bajakah dengan nama ilmiah Uncaria nervosa Elmer merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang berasal dari pulau Kalimantan, dan digunakan oleh masyarakat Dayak sebagai obat tradisonal. Telah dilakukan berbagai penelitian yang menyajikan infomasi aktivitas tumbuhan akar bajakah dapat mengobati berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak partisi n-heksan akar Bajakah melalui skrining fitokimia dan profil KLT. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metanol dengan cara maserasi dan nilai rendemen sebesar 1,64%. Kemudian dilakukan partisi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan dan nilai rendemen sebesar 12,5%. Dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan profil KLT golongan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak metanol ialah alkaloid, fenol, terpenoid, flavonoid, dan saponin dan ekstrak partisi n-heksan ialah Terpenoid. Kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif antioksidan dengan metode DPPH ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak partisi n-heksan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang ditandai dengan 4 noda berwarna kuning dengan nilai RF 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 dan 0,96 pada plat KLT yang disemprotkan DPPH.
Profil Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Fraksi Etanol Akar Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer)
Authors: Yudiane I Putu Agus , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: October 2023

Kalimantan merupakan pulau terbesar kedua di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat setempat. Potensi yang telah di data saat ini belum menunjukkan potensi tumbuhan obat hutan Kalimantan secara keseluruhan. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat dan memiliki bioaktivitas adalah bajakah yang dalam bahasa Dayak berarti akar. Bajakah mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari fraksi etanol akar bajakah dan untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas dari akar bajakah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi, fraksinasi kromatografi cair vakum (KCV), pencarian profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), serta identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder. Hasil identifikasi ekstrak metanol akar bajakah mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder antara lain alkaloid, fenol, terpenoid, flavonoid, dan saponin dengan rendemen sebesar 2,87%. Fraksi etanol positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, dan saponin dengan rendemen 43,5%. Untuk profil KLT dengan pemisahan terbaik pada kombinasi eluen Etil asetat:Metanol (1:3) dengan nilai rf 0,72 yang setelah diidentifikasi positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder fenol, dan flavanoid serta memiliki potensi aktivitas antioksidan yang ditandai dengan adanya noda berwarna kuning pada plat KLT
Optimasi Basis Sediaan Masker Gel Peel off dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors: Hidayati Nor Sinta , Rija’i Hifdzur Rashif , Narsa Angga Cipta
Published: October 2023

Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) merupakan tumbuhan merambat yang masuk ke dalam suku Febaceae. Masker gel peel off adalah sediaan kosmetik berbentuk gel yang dioleskan pada kulit wajah dan dibiarkan hingga mengering. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formula optimum dari basis masker gel peel off dan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol bunga telang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan eksperimental laboratorium. Optimasi basis masker gel peel off dilakukan dengan membuat variasi konsentrasi PVA yaitu 10%, 12,5% dan 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa formula dengan konsentrasi PVA 12,5% memenuhi kriteria sediaan yang optimum dengan hasil evaluasi organoleptik berwarna bening, tekstur kental dengan aroma yang khas, pH sediaan 5,43. Uji homogenitas menunjukan bahwa sediaan homogen dengan viskositas 20,930 Pa.s, daya lekat 6,334 cm, waktu kering 22 menit, dan uji sineresis menunjukan tidak adanya lapisan air pada permukaan sediaan. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukan ekstrak etanol bunga telang positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid, saponin, steroid dan antosianin.
Skrinning Fitokimia Infusa Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) dan Infusa Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Aulia Nur , Putri Novita Eka Kartab , Agustina Risna
Published: October 2023

Bawang putih (Allium sativum) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) merupakan tanaman yang biasa di konsumsi dan juga digunakan sebagai obat herbal. Bawang putih (Allium sativum)  diketahui mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, allicin. Sedangkan kemangi (Ocimum basilicum)  mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, dan eugenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen dan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari infusa bawang putih dan infusa kemangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini infudasi. Hasil penelitian rendemen infusa bawang putih 70% dan infusa kemangi sebesar 20%, pada pengujian Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa infusa bawang putih mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, dan saponin sedangkan infusa kemangi mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannin, terpenoid, dan steroid. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rendemen dari ekstrak bawang putih tidak kurang dari 26% dan infusa kemangi tidak kurang dari 5,6% sehingga memenuhi standar dari farmakope herbal.
Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis Pontianak (Citrus nobilis Lour.) Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistillation
Authors: Hariyanti Dinda , Prasetya Fajar , Siregar Vita Olivia
Published: October 2023

Jeruk manis pontianak (Citrus nobilis Lour.) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan tanaman holtikultura di Kalimantan Barat, Pontianak. Umumnya, kulit jeruk di Indonesia hanya dibuang begitu saja padahal kulit jeruk memiliki banyak khasiat terlebih jika diolah menjadi minyak atsiri. Senyawa yang terkandung dalam kulit jeruk bermanfaat dalam bidang kesehatan yaitu sebagai antibakteri, antijamur, antioksidan, antiaging, dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis pontianak yang diekstraksi dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis fitokimia. Minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis pontianak diperoleh dengan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistillation. Minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis pontianak yang dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia didapatkan hasil bahwa minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis pontianak positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, dan alkaloid, sedangkan hasil negatif mengandung senyawa steroid
Formulasi Sediaan Lotion dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Sebagai Tabir Surya
Authors: Indriyani Ina , Putri Novita Eka Kartab , Rijai Laode
Published: October 2023

Tabir surya merupakan sediaan kosmetik yang digunakan untuk menyerap sinar UV sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah radiasi UV yang berbahaya pada kulit. Daun kersen (Muntungia calabura L) adalah salah satu herbal tropis yang dilaporkan memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi sehingga bisa dimaanfaatkan sebagai bahan aktif yang alami untuk pembuatan lotion tabir surya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan formulasi sediaan lotion tabir surya dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) serta mengetahui nilai SPF-nya. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) yang dikeringkan, diserbuk kemudian dilakukan proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol daun kersen dibuat dalam konsentrasi 0,002%, 0,004%, 0,006%, 0,008%, dan 0,01%. Hasil nilai SPF yang diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dengan konsentrasi 0,002%, 0,004%, 0,006%, 0,008% dan 0,01% sebesar 2,366; 8,214; 14,789; 19,379; 24,965. Ekstrak etanol daun kersen dapat memberikan efektifitas perlindungan terhadap sinar UV
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Alydrus Lia Novita , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Rijai Laode
Published: October 2023

Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) merupakan salah satu tanaman di Indonesia yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pengobatan tradisional. Salah satu khasiat yang terdapat pada tanaman ini ialah sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui rendemen, senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun bidara terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun bidara memiliki nilai rendemen sebesar 14,97% dengan beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak daun bidara dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes dengan kategori sedang pada kosentrasi 15% dan 20% dengan zona hambat sebesar 5,41 mm dan 6,43mm.
Profil Metabolit Sekunder, Kelarutan, dan Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sungkai (Paronema canescens Jack)
Authors: Sekardjati Putri , Indriyanti Niken , Bafadal Mentary
Published: October 2023

Tumbuhan Sungkai (Paronema canescens Jack) secara empiris digunakan oleh masyarakat suku Dayak untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Ekstrak daun sungkai memiliki aktivitas tabir surya kategori ultra dengan nilai SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) pada konsentrasi 600 ppm, 400 ppm, 200 ppm masing masing 24 . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun sungkai, kelarutan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai, dan nilai SPF ekstrak etanol daun sungkai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi, kemudian dilakukan uji kelarutan serta uji aktivitas Hasil penelitian yang di dapatkan adalah metabolit sekunder ekstrak daun sungkai mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, dan steroid dengan rendemen ekstrak yang di dapat sebesar 23,33%. Kelarutan ekstrak daun sungkai pada pelarut etanol sebesar 84%, dalam aquades 62%, dan dalam n-heksan 55%. Nilai SPF ekstrak daun sungkai pada konsentrasi 200, 300, 400, 500, 600,700, dan 800 ppm masing-masing sebesar 15,46 ; 15,82 ; 19,29 ; 20,91 ; 24,36 ; 25,75; dan 27,00 sehingga termasuk kategori proteksi ultra.
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Tomat (Solanium lycopersicum) dan Melon (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Rahmawati Dewi , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: October 2023

Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia tahun 2018 sebesar 34,1%. Prevalensi  hipertensi usia diatas 18 tahun tertinggi  di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan sebesar 44,1% dan peringkat ke tiga penderita hipertensi adalah kalimantan timur sebasar 39,3%. Buah tomat (Solanium lycopersicum) dan buah melon (Cucumis melo L.)  memiliki kandungan kalium yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi.Tujuan penelitian pengaruh pemberian kombinasi jus buah tomat dan buah melon terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Metode penelitian quasi experimental dengan desain One group pre test and post test design. Pada penelitiam ini intervensi diberikan selama 7 hari dan dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah responden sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil berbeda singnifikan  dengan p value (0.000). Pemberian kombinasi jus buah tomat dan buah melon memberikan efek penurunan tekanan darah secara signifikan.
Pengaruh Hubungan Karakteristik dan Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) dan Jus Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Susilowati Yeni Kurniasari Tri , Badawi Satriani , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: October 2023

Hipertensi adalah tekanan darah arteri yang meningkat dimana tekanan darah sistolik <130 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik <80mmHg. Prevalensi hipertensi di Kalimantan Timur   sebesar 29,6% pada tahun 2018. Tingginya angka kejadian hipertensi di dunia, dipengaruuhi oleh dua jenis faktor, yaitu faktor yang tidak bisa diubah seperti umur dan jenis kelamin. Selanjutnya, faktor yang bisa diubah  adalah obesitas, kurang olahraga, dan riwayat  penyakit lain. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antihipertensi yaitu buah naga merah dan buah pepaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik penderita hipertensi dengan tingkat kejadian hipertensi di Klinik Bunga Bakung dan mengkaji pengaruh pemberian jus buah naga merah dan jus buah pepaya terhadap penderita hipertensi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasi lapangan penderita hipertensi di Klinik Bunga Bakung  dan kajian pustaka secara elektronik dengan mengakses situs pencarian jurnal ilmiah. Hasil observasi lapangan didapatkan bahwa karakteristik responden tertinggi memiliki jenis kelamin perempuan (86%), umur 46-55 (50%), pendidikan SD dan SMA/ SMK (29%), pekerjaan IRT (46%), IMT diatas normal (100%), dan tidak ada riwayat penyakit (50%). Hasil penelitian berdasarkan kajian literatur menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh hubungan karakteristik dan pengaruh pemberian jus buah naga merah dan jus buah pepaya terhadap penderita hipertensi.
Kajian Profil Pengobatan pada Pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit X Kota Samarinda Tahun 2020
Authors: Ulya Himmatul , Gama Noviyanty Indjar , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 atau Coronavirus Disease 2019 merupakan penyakit penyebab infeksi Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom (SARSCoV-2) yang menyerang saluran pernapasan hingga organ lain pada manusia. Proses transmisi yang cukup tinggi antar manusia menyebabkan virus ini bergerak cepat menyebar dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi. Hingga saat inipun masih belum ada pengobatan spesifik terkait infeksi SARSCoV-2, sehingga tatalaksana pengobatan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan terapi simptomatik sesuai gejala, terapi suportif untuk pencegahan komplikasi serta pengobatan sesuai komorbid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien serta profil pengobatan pada pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit X Kota Samarinda tahun 2020. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif berdasarkan catatan rekam medis pasen COVID-19 selama periode Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 95 pasien penderita COVID-19 didominasi oleh laki-laki (52,63%), mayoritas berusia 26 – 45 tahun (40%), tidak memiliki penyakit penyerta (73,68%) dan lama perawatan selama 7 – 14 hari (51,58%). Hasil penelitian pada profil pengobatan pasien COVID-19 diperoleh terapi suportif terbanyak Antivirus Oseltamivir (6,54%), Antibiotik Azithromycin (6,45%), Antikoagulan Fondapurinux Na (1,55%), Vitamin Becomzet® (2,58%) dan terapi simptomatik terbanyak Gangguan Pencernaan Omeprazole (4,99%), Mukolitik Asetilsistein (7,49%), Analgesik dan Antipiretik Paracetamol (4,82%), Kortikosteroid Dexamethasone (1,72%).
Pola Penggunaan Obat Hipoglikemik Oral Pada Pasien Geriatri Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Nursidah Ayu , Rusli Rolan , Rahmawati Dewi
Published: October 2023

Penggunaan obat antibiabetes pada pasien geriatri, berpeluang menyebabkan hipoglikemik sehingga diperlukan pengobatan yang tepat dan rasional untuk keberhasilan pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik, pola penggunaan obat, dan angka kejadian hipoglikemik pada pasien geriatri diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di instalasi rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2017. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan rekam medik dan lembar pertanyaan. Data karakteristik jenis kelamin, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan pasien geriatri diabetes mellitus yang terbanyak perempuan 27 pasien (54 %), pendidikan rendah 27 pasien (54 %), tidak bekerja 26 pasien (52 %). Penggunaan obat tunggal terbanyak adalah metformin 7 pasien (58,30 %), sedangkan penggunaan kombinasi 2 obat oral terbanyak adalah glimepirid dan metformin 16 pasien (57,14 %) serta penggunaan kombinasi 3 obat oral terbanyak adalah glimepirid,metformin,akarbose 6 pasien (60 %). Persentase angka kejadian pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 geriatri yang mengalami gejala hipoglikemik 18 pasien (36 %).
Can Urbanization Influence Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Evidence from BRICS–T Countries
Authors: Somoye Oluwatoyin , Akinwande Toluwalope Seyi
Published: October 2023

Climate change is one of several issues confronting the planet today. Addressing this problem will create a safer environment for humans and other species. Thus, this study explores how the urban population (UBNP) influences carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) levels in BRICS–T from 1990–2021 (192 observations) using Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects techniques. In addition, energy intensity (ENIT) and economic growth (GDP) are utilized as control variables. The Pooled OLS result demonstrates that UBNP growth reduces CO2e by 0.19%; a rise in ENIT levels spurs CO2e by 1.10%, and an increase in GDP enhances CO2e by 0.61%. The Fixed Effects outcome shows that an upsurge in UBNP reduces CO2e by 1.19%, while ENIT and GDP rise boosts CO2e by 1.19% and 1.04%, respectively. This study recommends continuous urban planning, rural area development, renewable energy integration, and the use ofenergy–efficient buildings.