bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Partial Slip and Heat Source on MHD Mixed Convection Flow of Nanofluid in a Double Lid-Driven Cavity Containing Insulated Obstacle
Authors: Mansour M. A. , Sivasankaran S. , Rashad A. M. , Salah T. , Nabwey Hossam A.
Published: June 2021

The current investigation analyzes the effects of partial slip and heat generation on the mixed convection flow with heat transfer in an inclined double lid-driven square cavity containing centered square adiabatic obstacle in the presence of magnetic field. The used cavity is subjected
to constant heat flux and filled with Cu-water nanofluid. The top and bottom horizontal walls are thermally insulated and move with uniform velocity while the right vertical wall is maintained at a constant low temperature. A uniform heat flux is located in a part of th left wall of the cavity
while the remaining part of this wall is thermally insulated. Finite volume technique is utilized to solve dimensionless governing equations of the problem. The proposed method is validated with the previous published numerical studies which distinctly offer a good agreement. The obtained
results show that changing in the heat source length affects much the flow and thermal fields than the position of heat source. The averag Nusselt number decreases when the aspect ratio of the obstacle and heat source length increases. The heat transfer rate behaves nonlinearly with inclination
of the cavity.
High-latitude precipitation: Snowfall regimes at two distinct sites in Scandinavia
Authors: Shates Julia A. , Pettersen Claire , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Cooper Steve J. , Kulie Mark S. , Wood Norman B.
Published: June 2021

The prevailing snowfall regimes at two Scandinavian sites, Haukeliseter, Norway and Kiruna, Sweden, are documented using ground-based in-situ and remote sensing methods. Micro Rain Radar (MRR) profiles indicate three distinct snowfall regimes occur at both sites: shallow, deep, and intermittent snowfall. The shallow snowfall regime produces the lowest mean snowfall rates and radar echo tops are confined below 1.5 km above ground level (AGL). Shallow snowfall occurs under areas of large scale subsidence with a moist boundary layer and dry air aloft. The atmospheric ridge coinciding with shallow snowfall is highly anomalous over Haukeliseter, but is more common in Kiruna where shallow snowfall was frequently observed. The shallow snowfall particle size distributions (PSDs) are broad with lower particle concentrations than other regimes, especially small particles. Deep snowfall events exhibit MRR profiles that extend above 2 km AGL, and tend to be associated with weak low pressure and high relative humidity throughout the troposphere. The PSDs in deep events are narrower with high concentrations of small particles. Increasing MRR reflectivity towards the surface suggests aggregation as a possible growth process during deep snowfall events. The heaviest mean snowfall rates are associated with intermittent events that are characterized by deep MRR profiles, but have variations in intensity and height. The intermittent regime is associated with anomalous, deep low pressure along the coast of Norway, and enhanced relative humidity at lower levels. The PSDs reveal high concentrations of small and large particles. The analysis reveals that there are unique characteristics of shallow, deep, and intermittent snowfall regimes that are common between the sites.
Assessment and Intercomparison of NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1
Authors: Huang Boyin , Liu Chunying , Freeman Eric , Graham Garrett , Smith Tom , Zhang Huai-Min
Published: June 2021

The NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature dataset (DOISST) has recently been updated to v2.1 (January 2016–present). Its accuracy may impact the climate assessment, monitoring and prediction, and environment-related applications. Its performance, together with those of seven other well-known sea surface temperature (SST) products, is assessed by comparison with buoy and Argo observations in the global oceans on daily 0.25° × 0.25° resolution from January 2016 to June 2020. These seven SST products are NASA MUR25, GHRSST GMPE, BoM GAMSSA, UKMO OSTIA, NOAA GPB, ESA CCI, and CMC. Our assessments indicate that biases and root-mean-square difference (RMSDs) in reference to all buoys and all Argo floats are low in DOISST. The bias in reference to the independent 10% of buoy SSTs remains low in DOISST, but the RMSD is slightly higher in DOISST than in OSTIA and CMC. The biases in reference to the independent 10% of Argo observations are low in CMC, DOISST, and GMPE; also, RMSDs are low in GMPE and CMC. The biases are similar in GAMSSA, OSTIA, GPB, and CCI whether they are compared against all buoys, all Argo, or the 10% of buoy or 10% of Argo observations, while the RMSDs against Argo observations are slightly smaller than those against buoy observations. These features indicate a good performance of DOISST v2.1 among the eight products, which may benefit from ingesting the Argo observations by expanding global and regional spatial coverage of in situ observations for effective bias correction of satellite data.
Reduced High-Latitude Land Seasonality in Climates with Very High Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Henry Matthew , Vallis Geoffrey K.
Published: June 2021

Observations of warm past climates and projections of future climate change show that the Arctic warms more than the global mean, particularly during winter months. Previous work has attributed this reduced Arctic land seasonality to the effects of sea ice or clouds. In this paper, we show that the reduced Arctic land seasonality is a robust consequence of the relatively small surface heat capacity of land and the nonlinearity of the temperature dependence of surface longwave emission, without recourse to other processes or feedbacks. We use a General Circulation Model (GCM) with no clouds or sea ice and a simple representation of land. In the annual mean, the equator-to-pole surface temperature gradient falls with increasing CO2, but this is only a near-surface phenomenon and is not caused by the change in total meridional heat transport, which is virtually unaltered. The high-latitude land has about twice as much warming in winter than in summer, whereas high-latitude ocean has very little seasonality in warming. A surface energy balance model shows how the combination of the smaller surface heat capacity of land and the nonlinearity of the temperature dependence of surface longwave emission gives rise to the reduced seasonality of the land surface. The increase in evaporation over land also leads to winter amplification of warming over land, although amplification still occurs without it. While changes in clouds, sea ice, and ocean heat transport undoubtedly play a role in high-latitude warming, these results show that enhanced land surface temperature warming in winter can happen in their absence for robust reasons.
Does HadGEM3-GC3.1 GCM overestimate land precipitation at high resolution? A constraint based on observed river discharge
Authors: Müller Omar V. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Vannière Benoît , Schiemann Reinhard , McGuire Patrick C.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies showed that high-resolution GCMs overestimate land precipitation when compared against observation-based data. Particularly, high-resolution HadGEM3-GC3.1 shows a significant precipitation increase in mountainous regions, where the scarcity of gauge stations increases the uncertainty of gridded observations and reanalyses. This work evaluates such precipitation uncertainties indirectly through the assessment of river discharge, considering that an increase of ~10% in land precipitation produces ~28% more runoff when the resolution is enhanced from 1° to 0.25°, and ~50% of the global runoff is produced in 27% of global land dominated by mountains. We diagnosed the river flow by routing the runoff generated by HadGEM3-GC3.1 low- and high-resolution simulations. The river flow is evaluated using a set of 344 monitored catchments distributed around the world. We also infer the global discharge by constraining the simulations with observations following a novel approach that implies bias correction in monitored rivers with two methods, and extension of the correction to the river mouth, and along the coast. Our global discharge estimate is 47.4±1.6×103km3yr−1, which is closer to the original high-resolution estimate (50.5 × 103km3yr−1) than to the low-resolution (39.6 × 103km3yr−1). The assessment suggests that high-resolution simulations performbetter in mountainous regions, either because the better-defined orography favours the placement of precipitation in the correct catchment, leading to a more accurate distribution of runoff, or the orographic precipitation increases, reducing the dry runoff bias of coarse resolution simulations. However, high-resolution slightly increases wet biases in catchments dominated by flat terrain. The improvement of model parameterizations and tuning may reduce the remaining errors in high-resolution simulations.
Our Board, Our Rules: Nonconformity to Global Corporate Governance Norms
Authors: Witt Michael A. , Fainshmidt Stav , Aguilera Ruth V.
Published: June 2021

What drives organizational nonconformity to global corporate governance norms? Despite the prevalence of such norms and attendant conformity pressures, many firms do not adhere to them. We build on a political view of corporate governance to explore how different national institutional contexts and organizational conditions combine to produce over- and underconformity to global board independence norms. Using configurational analyses and data from banks in OECD countries, we identify multiple equifinal combinations of conditions associated with over- and underconformity. We also find that over- and underconformity have different drivers. We conjecture that while overconformity is associated with a shareholder–management coalition in liberal market economies, underconformity results from multiple complex combinations of national and organizational conditions that often include dominant blockholders, strong labor rights, and small organizational size. We leverage these findings to abduct theoretical insights on nonconformity to global corporate governance norms. Doing so sheds light on the role of power in conditioning the adoption of global practices and contributes to research on international corporate governance by informing discourse surrounding the globalization of markets.
Presentation and Outcomes of Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies: A National Perspective
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Liu Andrew , Walsh Jarrett E.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Non-squamous cell carcinoma sinonasal malignancies (NSCCSM) are relatively rare. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (NTx) have been proposed to improve outcomes compared to surgery alone. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of NTx utilization and associated outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004 to 2015. The study population included adult patients diagnosed with primary NSCCSM.

Results:

A total of 574 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 61.7 ± 16.5 years. The median follow-up time was 40.4 months (interquartile range: 15.3-81.3 months). The histopathological diagnoses identified included: (i) 37.0% adenocarcinoma, (ii) 22.8% adenoid cystic carcinoma, (iii) 20.0% mucosal melanoma, (iv) 11.9% esthesioneuroblastoma, and (v) 8.2% sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). NTx was utilized in 70 (12.20%) of the study population. Patients who received NTx were more likely to have SNUC or esthesioneuroblastoma ( P < .01 each) and to have stage III or IV disease ( P < .01 each). NTx was most likely to be administrated in a high-volume center [OR: 3.94, 95%CI: (1.47, 10.53), P = .006]. Patients who received NTx had a significantly lower prevalence of positive margin postoperatively [OR: 0.48, 95%CI: (0.26, 0.87), P = .016]. In patients with NSCCSM, negative margin was associated with improved overall survival [HR: 0.55, 95%CI: (0.36, 0.82), P = .004].

Conclusions:

This study provides an epidemiological perspective regarding NSCCSM and related practice patterns and survival outcomes. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is likely to decrease the risk of positive margin which ultimately could improve survival in this population.
“Io credo…”: “Professing” faith in Paradiso 24
Authors: Barański Zygmunt G
Published: June 2021

Dantists have largely interpreted Paradiso 24 as a dryly intellectual canto that positively engages with medieval scholastic culture. Consequently the poet’s treatment of faith is seen as both ideologically unproblematic and as an essentially private declaration. The present article argues that such claims are questionable. In actual fact, Paradiso 24 is highly critical of the academic world, while its treatment of faith, although orthodox, is personal, idiosyncratic, and controversial. In addition, the manner in which Dante presents faith has significant political and social implications especially in the wake of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215. Finally, the canto in general and its assessment of faith in particular serve to legitimate Dante’s status as a scriba Dei, an imperative that destabilizes the coherence of the diegesis.
Patients who complain of autonomic dysregulation: A cross-sectional study of patients with somatic symptom disorder
Authors: Tu Chao-Ying , Liu Wei-Shih , Chen Yen-Fu , Huang Wei-Lieh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is common in medical settings but has been underdiagnosed. Stigma related to psychiatric illness was one of the barriers to making the diagnosis. More and more SSD patients who visited psychiatric clinics with physical complaints identify themselves as having ‘autonomic dysregulation’ in Taiwan.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with a subjective diagnosis of ‘autonomic dysregulation’.

Method:

We assessed the sociodemographic profile, medical/psychiatric diagnoses, subjective psychiatric diagnoses, perceived psychiatric stigma, help-seeking attitude, and healthcare utilization of 122 participants with SSD. Participants who identified themselves as having ‘autonomic dysregulation’ ( n = 84) were compared to those who did not (n=38).

Results:

Participants with a subjective diagnosis of ‘autonomic dysregulation’ were younger and had a higher education level than those who did not have such a subjective diagnosis. They also had higher scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ), whereas comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were similar in the two groups. Participants with and without a subjective diagnosis of ‘autonomic dysregulation’ did not have a significant difference in perceived psychiatric stigma and help-seeking attitude/behaviors. In a multiple logistic regression model, only age was associated with having a subjective diagnosis of ‘autonomic dysregulation’.

Conclusion:

Among SSD patients, those who identify themselves as having ‘autonomic dysregulation’ tend to have higher somatic distress and health anxiety than those who do not. ‘Autonomic dysregulation’ is not associated with perceived psychiatric stigma.
Understanding Potential and Repeat Visitors’ Travel Intentions: The Roles of Travel Motivations, Destination Image, and Visitor Image Congruity
Authors: Maghrifani Dila , Liu Fang , Sneddon Joanne
Published: June 2021

Understanding relations between travel motivations and intentions is important, yet these relations may be complicated by the existence of destination-related factors, such as perceived image. The current study attempts to understand motivation–intention relations from an image formation perspective, in the context of Australian potential and repeat visitors to Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results show that, for potential visitors, travel motivations influence travel intentions only indirectly through destination image and visitor image congruity, while for repeat visitors, travel motivations influence revisit intentions both directly and indirectly. Comparisons of motivation–image–intention relations between potential and repeat visitors show that the direct influence of interaction-seeking motivation, destination image, and visitor image congruity on intentions were stronger for repeat than potential visitors, whereas, the influence of novelty- and assurance-seeking motivations on destination image were stronger for potential than repeat visitors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Martin Luther King Jr. on Democratic Propaganda, Shame, and Moral Transformation
Authors: Krishnamurthy Meena
Published: June 2021

This essay develops an account of Martin Luther King Jr.’s justification for and use of what I will call “democratic propaganda”—truthful propaganda that is aimed at promoting and fostering democratic political action by stirring readers’ emotions. I interpret King’s famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail” in the broader context of his work and argue that it is a piece of democratic propaganda. I give an account of what led King to support the use of democratic propaganda and why he hoped it would help to overcome a central problem in the civil rights movement: the political inaction of the white moderates. King emphasizes shame in the Letter, and I argue that this concept offers us a new way of thinking about the efficacy of democratic propaganda. I close by considering the relevance of King’s approach for today’s Black Lives Matter movement. Despite the innovativeness of King’s use of shame, I suggest it may be time for a new approach to Black politics and activism.
Eucharistic interdependence: A biblical theology of support raising
Authors: Whiteman Kristina
Published: June 2021

Missionary support raising is at the nexus of theology, mission, and money. How do denominations fund mission work and missionaries? What does that funding reveal about missiological mindsets? How do we feel about missions and money? What is the calling, both for the individual and the corporate body, in terms of funding missions? Ultimately, the answers to these questions should be based in the deepest-held truths of the Christian faith. Therefore, this article proposes a biblical theology of support raising. First, the biblical case generally provided by current literature is described. Second, that “case” for support raising is expanded by examining fundamental underlying assumptions that can be summarized as “eucharistic interdependence.” Finally some of the “hard questions” of support raising are looked at through the lens of this eucharistic interdependence framework.
Entrepreneurship, Broadband, and Gender: Evidence from Establishment Births in Rural America
Authors: Conroy Tessa , Low Sarah A.
Published: June 2021

Broadband access may have important implications for establishment births in rural areas, which feature thinner markets. Broadband may be especially important for rural nonemployer businesses, particularly those without a storefront, for access to nontraditional market channels. As women are more likely to run these types of small businesses, we further expect that broadband may have important implications for women-led businesses. With an effective instrumental variable approach, we find evidence that broadband access is a key factor leading to a higher establishment birth rate across business size and gender in rural areas. This paper identifies the largest effects on nonemployer, women-led and remote rural establishments.
Mediating Role of Resilience on Nursing Faculty and Student QoL during COVID-19
Authors: Antill Keener Tina , Wang Kesheng , Hall Katherine , Hulsey Tara , Piamjariyakul Ubolrat
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 greatly impacted nursing education and required nursing faculty and students to quickly adapt to changes caused by disease mitigation. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of resilience between the influence of demographics and school-related risk factors and nursing faculty and student quality of life (QoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A secondary data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling to examine the mediating role of resilience on latent variables. Resilience had a positive, direct effect on nursing faculty and student QoL. Having a designated home workspace and being well-prepared for online learning had positive, indirect effects on QoL, mediated through resilience. Assisting children with schoolwork had a negative impact on the psychological and environmental QoL domains. Remarkably, having a caregiver role positively influenced the psychological QoL domain. Supporting and promoting faculty and nursing students’ health and well-being is imperative during and after the pandemic.
Foucault’s 1960s Lectures on Sexuality
Authors: Downham Moore Alison , Elden Stuart
Published: June 2021

In this extended review essay we discuss the lectures on sexuality which Foucault delivered in the 1960s, published in a single volume in 2018. The first part of the volume comprises five lectures given at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in 1964 to psychology students. The second part is Foucault’s course ‘The Discourse of Sexuality’, given at the experimental University of Vincennes in 1969 in the philosophy department. We explore both the themes of the lectures, and the important editorial materials provided by Claude-Olivier Doron which situate these themes in relation to recent developments in the history and philosophy of biology, gender and sexuality. These lectures provide some important and surprising additions to Foucault’s more familiar interest in sexuality, with discussion of plant and animal biology, sex differentiation, the question of sexual behaviour, perversion and infantile sexuality.
Modular minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation ensures perfusion safety and technical feasibility in cardiac surgery; a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Asteriou Christos , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Argiriadou Helena
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Despite extensive evidence that shows clinical of superiority of MiECC, worldwide penetration remains low due to concerns regarding air handling and volume management in the context of a closed system. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly investigate perfusion safety and technical feasibility of performing all cardiac surgical procedures with modular (hybrid) MiECC, as experienced from the perfusionist’s perspective.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed perfusion charts of consecutive adult patients undergoing all types of elective, urgent, and emergency cardiac surgery under modular MiECC. The primary outcome measure was perfusion safety and technical feasibility, as evidenced in the need for conversion from a closed to an open circuit. A systematic review of the literature was conducted aiming to ultimately clarify whether there are any safety issues regarding MiECC technology.

Results:

We challenged modular MiECC use in a series of 403 consecutive patients of whom a significant proportion (111/403; 28%) underwent complex surgery including reoperations (4%), emergency repair of acute type A aortic dissection and composite aortic surgery (1.7%). Technical success rate was 100%. Conversion to an open circuit was required in 18/396 patients (4.5%), excluding procedures performed under circulatory arrest. Open configuration accounted for 40% ± 21% of total procedural perfusion time and was related to significant hemodilution and increase in peak lactate levels. Systematic review revealed that safety of the procedure challenged originated from a single report, while no clinical adverse event related to MiECC was identified.

Conclusions:

Use of modular MiECC secures safety and ensures technical feasibility in all cardiac surgical procedures. It represents a type III active closed system, while its stand-by component is reserved for a small (<5%) proportion of procedures and for a partial procedural time. Thus, it eliminates any safety concern regarding air handling and volume management, while it overcomes any unexpected intraoperative scenario.
The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with apparent diffusion coefficient in the differentiation of benign and malignant diseases of the breast
Authors: Ao Feng , Yan Yi , Zhang Zi-Li , Li Sheng , Li Wen-Jing , Chen Guang-Bin
Published: June 2021

Background

The value of combined dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis for the diagnosis of breast cancer has not been evaluated in previous studies.

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic value of DCE-MRI combined with ADC in benign and malignant breast lesions.

Material and Methods

The clinicopathological imaging data included 168 patients (177 lesions) with breast lesions who underwent convention breast MRI, DCE-MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); they were divided into the benign lesion group (n = 39) and malignant lesion group (n = 129) based on pathology.

Results

Using the type III outflow curve as a diagnostic criterion for malignant breast lesions, the diagnostic sensitivity was 76.9%, the specificity was 80%, the correct rate was 72.2%, and its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.823. Using an enhancement ratio > 100% as a diagnostic criterion for malignant breast lesions, the sensitivity was 61.5%, specificity was 80%, and AUC was 0.723. Using > 3 ipsilateral vessels as a diagnostic criterion for malignant lesions in the breast resulted in a diagnostic sensitivity of 81.6%, a specificity of 80.8%, and an AUC of 0.805.

Conclusion

The type of time intensity curve DCE-MRI, the early enhancement rate in the first phase, the number of ipsilateral vessels, and the ADC full volume histogram of the blood supply score and DWI are valuable in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.
Unmaking the present, remaking memory: Sri Lankan stories and a politics of coexistence
Authors: Perera Suvendrini
Published: June 2021

Hatton was a tea-town. People did not choose to live in Hatton, they were posted there, and left it as quickly as they decently could. Except, that is, for the coolies, who lived and perished among the tea-bushes and nourished them with their remains when they were dead. Even the one proper road that ran through Hatton entered it with a rush and… left it precipitately. On either side of the road were bunched the lodgings of the artisans… and on its tributary stood the houses of the professionals. Behind and beyond them rose row upon row of interminable tea-bushes reaching upto the skyline… And somewhere in between, in a break in the bushes… huddled the dark, dank line-rooms of the coolies.1
Perioperative implications of newer generation drug-eluting coronary stents: A narrative review
Authors: Milder David A , Kam Peter CA
Published: June 2021

Newer generation drug-eluting stents are the most commonly inserted stent in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention. This narrative review focuses on the evidence underpinning the perioperative management of patients with newer generation drug-eluting stents undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Six studies reported the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events according to the time interval from percutaneous coronary intervention to non-cardiac surgery, and the comparative risks of newer and first generation drug-eluting stents. No study demonstrated an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events once three months had elapsed between stent implantation and non-cardiac surgery. Only one study included patients with third and fourth generation drug-eluting stents. Seven studies analysed the relationship between antiplatelet therapy, major adverse cardiovascular events and perioperative bleeding. The risks of major adverse cardiovascular events do not appear to be increased if antiplatelet therapy is ceased for less than seven days but are increased if it is discontinued for more than seven days. Most studies reported no differences in the incidence of major bleeding associated with antiplatelet therapy. The risk of perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgery does not appear to be increased after three months following implantation with newer generation drug-eluting stents. However, the possibility of increased risk cannot be excluded as most studies were inadequately powered. The thrombotic risk is substantially reduced in patients with fourth (polymer free) generation drug-eluting stents, and urgent non-cardiac surgery can be considered one month after percutaneous coronary intervention. Larger multicentre studies are needed to define the optimal window for non-cardiac surgery after percutaneous coronary intervention and provide definitive perioperative strategies for patients presenting for non-cardiac surgery after the implantation of newer generation drug-eluting stents.
Body Talk on Social Networking Sites and Cosmetic Surgery Consideration Among Chinese Young Adults: A Serial Mediation Model Based on Objectification Theory
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Fardouly Jasmine , Vartanian Lenny R. , Wang Xingchao , Lei Li
Published: June 2021

People’s interest in cosmetic surgery has increased in recent years. Drawing from objectification theory, in the present study, we examined the associations of body talk on social networking sites (SNS), body surveillance, and body shame with cosmetic surgery consideration. In particular, we examined the mediating roles of body surveillance and body shame in the relationship between SNS body talk and cosmetic surgery consideration. We also examined potential gender differences in the serial mediation model. Male and female college students in China ( N = 309) completed questionnaires regarding SNS body talk, body surveillance, body shame, and cosmetic surgery consideration. Results showed that SNS body talk, body surveillance, and body shame were positively associated with cosmetic surgery consideration. Body surveillance and body shame mediated the association between SNS body talk and cosmetic surgery consideration both separately and sequentially. Gender did not moderate any of the relations in the serial mediation model. Findings of this study provide new insight into the relationship between SNS use and cosmetic surgery and highlight facets of objectification as potential targets for prevention and intervention regarding appearance concerns. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843211026273
Identity and change of a field: A literature analysis of the concept of social mobility
Authors: Nico Magda
Published: June 2021

Social mobility is one of the concepts which is the most intrinsically bound to sociology. Hence, the diachronic analysis of this concept contributes to our understanding of sociology and the way that the discipline has changed, as it turned to individual social trajectories according to different topics. Aimed at contributing to this understanding, I’ve developed a literature review based on a systematic collection of the scientific publications in social sciences directly addressing social mobility. A database with conceptual and methodological variables was compiled (N=1054) and worked on. Distinct periods in the life course of this concept have been identified, with the emergence of a scattered concept (1920–1959), the golden age of social mobility (1960–1989), followed by a period of fragmentation and resistance (1990–2012). These three periods are characterized by different methodological and geographical hegemonies, flows and volumes of publications, and also by different tendencies and theoretical and disciplinary rivalries.
Discourses on im/migrants, ethnic minorities, and infectious disease: Fifty years of tuberculosis reporting in the United Kingdom
Authors: Scott Penelope , von Unger Hella
Published: June 2021

Ethnicity and im/migrant classification systems and their constituent categories have a long history in the construction of public health knowledge on tuberculosis in the United Kingdom. This article critically examines the categories employed and the epidemiological discourses on TB, im/migrants, and ethnic minorities in health reporting between 1965 and 2015. We employ a Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse Analysis to trace the continuities and changes in the categories used and in the discursive construction of im/migrants, ethnic minorities, and TB. These continuities and disjunctures are analysed within their socio-historical context to demonstrate the historical contingency of epidemiological knowledge production. We outline two historical phases in knowledge construction. The first coincides with the period of decolonisation, which witnessed a change in discursive identity ascriptions from ‘immigrants’ to ‘ethnic groups’ in health reporting as the ‘other’. The second commenced after 1991, when the adoption of the census ethnicity categories as a standard in the collection of population statistics entrenched ethnicity categories in health reporting. We argue the health reporting discourse reveals that the ‘new’ public health exhibits continuities with the ‘old’ by targeting the immigrant ‘other’ through biosecuritisation practices. We contend that these categories originated within a postcolonial paradigm and that increasing immigration and new forms of mobility are creating the preconditions for new discourses on identity construction that have implications for the current collaborative TB strategy.
Identifying the parameters of viscoelastic model for a gel-type material as representative of cardiac muscle in dynamic tests
Authors: Siami Majid , Jahani Kamal , Rezaee Mousa
Published: June 2021

In this paper, mechanical parameters of a calf heart muscle are identified and a gel-type material as the representative of the cardiac muscle in dynamic tests is introduced. The motivation of this study is to introduce a replacement material of the heart muscle to use in experimental studies of the leadless pacemaker. A particular test setup is developed to capture the experimental data based on the stress relaxation test method where its outputs are time histories of the force and displacement. The standard linear solid model is used for mathematical modeling of the heart muscle sample and a gel-type material specimen namely α-gel. Five tests with different strain history [Formula: see text] are performed by regarding and disregarding the influence of the initial ramp of the loading. The mechanical parameters of the standard linear solid model were identified with precise curve fitting. Consideration of the initial ramp significantly influences the consequences and they are so close to their experimental counterparts. The identified parameters of the standard linear solid model by regarding the influence of the initial ramp for the gel-type material are within an acceptable range for the viscoelastic properties of the calf heart tissue. These results show that the gel-type material has the potential to represent the cardiac muscle in the leadless pacemaker experimental studies. Dynamic mechanical analysis is used to characterize the dynamic viscoelastic properties for the gel by utilizing the identified parameters with taking into account the initial ramp in the frequency domain. Results show that Storage modulus, Loss modulus, and Loss tangent are strongly frequency-dependent especially at low-frequency around the heartbeat frequency range (0–2 Hz).
Over-the-counter sales of antibiotics for human use in India: The challenges and opportunities for regulation
Authors: Porter Gerard , Kotwani Anita , Bhullar Lovleen , Joshi Jyoti
Published: June 2021

This article assesses the regulatory framework relating to over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics for human use in India. The OTC sale of antibiotics is recognised as a pathway for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); a serious public health challenge in need of urgent regulatory responses. Analytically, this article identifies opportunities within existing laws in India and highlights gaps that need to be filled by modifying existing laws or developing new ones. Conceptually, it suggests a need to reflect on the limits of traditional, top-down, ‘command-and control’ regulation and to think about alternative approaches. The article therefore advocates for an approach to regulation that incorporates two elements. First, it argues for a broader concept of regulation that encompasses binding as well as non-binding regulatory instruments and initiatives aimed at influencing stakeholder behaviour (including soft regulation, economic incentives, information campaigns and uses of technology). Second, it makes the case for enhanced stakeholder participation in regulatory design. The article will be relevant for health policy and drug regulators in India and other low- and middle-income countries, as well as legal scholars, social scientists and others interested in the regulation of OTC sales of antibiotics for AMR containment.
The Role of Perceived Risk in Engaging Customer and Employees for Value Creation in Services
Authors: Srivastava Ritu , Banerji Diptiman , Nema Priyanka , Choudhary Shubham
Published: June 2021

Value creation, customer engagement and employee engagement have emerged as important organizational outcomes for continued success. At the turn of the new decade, it is imperative to identify new research directions for these outcomes to improve the marketing effectiveness of organizations while keeping people at the centre of this pursuit. The present study is propelled by this motivation. The study started with the exploration of the relationship of customer and employee engagement in value creation, while limiting the scope to services. The extant literature has not studied the three together. The second phase of the study dwelled on identifying common links among the three to develop a conceptual model that brought the concepts of customer engagement, employee engagement and value creation together. Perceived risk was identified as the underlying phenomenon that connected all three to be part of a social system. A conceptual framework has been proposed for connecting perceived risk to customer engagement and employee engagement that would create value in service organizations. The study identifies future research directions for theory building and practice.
Sleep Deprivation and Its Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia
Authors: Naito Rika , Yun Low Wah , Wan Yuen Choo
Published: June 2021

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of sleep deprivation and its associated factors among 1017 undergraduate students in Malaysia. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, dietary habits, Internet/smartphone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior were assessed. Sleep deprivation was defined as sleeping less than 7 hours in a day. There were almost equal proportions of females (51.0%) and males (49.0%), and the average age was 20.71 ± 1.47 years. Prevalence of sleep deprivation was 58.1% and its associated factors were students in Year 3 and Year 4, Chinese ethnicity, Indian ethnicity, and consuming fast food more than once a week. Understanding the associated lifestyle factors with sleep deprivation among young generation will be beneficial to develop public health policies and programs to tackle the issue.
After nasopharyngeal infection, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A RNA is shed in bovine milk without associated mastitis
Authors: Suchowski Marcel , Eschbaumer Michael , Teifke Jens P. , Ulrich Reiner
Published: June 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious aphthoviral infection of cloven-hoofed animals, inducing vesiculopustular stomatitis, pododermatitis, and thelitis. Vesicular fluid represents a major pathway of virus excretion, but bovine milk is another important source of virus shedding. We describe here the time course of FMD virus (FMDV) excretion in the milk and characterize associated lesions in the mammary gland. Three dairy cows were infected by nasopharyngeal instillation of FMDV and monitored over 12 d. Autopsy was performed at the end of the study, and specimens were collected for histopathology, IHC, and RT-qPCR. All 3 cows developed fever, drooling, vesiculopustular stomatitis, interdigital dermatitis, and thelitis. FMDV RNA was detectable in whole milk until the end of the trial, but only transiently in saliva, nasal secretions, and blood serum. Although histology confirmed vesiculopustular lesions in the oral and epidermal specimens, the mammary glands did not have unequivocal evidence of FMDV-induced inflammation. FMDV antigen was detectable in skin and oral mucosa, but not in the mammary gland, and FMDV RNA was detectable in 9 of 29 samples of squamous epithelia but only in 1 of 12 samples of mammary gland.
The Influence of Incubator and Accelerator Participation on Nanotechnology Venture Success
Authors: Woolley Jennifer L. , MacGregor Nydia
Published: June 2021

This study investigates how venture development programs such as private incubators, university incubators, and accelerators influence the success of participating nanotechnology startups. With the recent growth in such programs, empirical work is needed to compare their impact on participants across programs and with nonparticipants. Using data on firm bankruptcies, liquidation, government grants, and venture capital, we find benefits, but the influence of each venture development program varies greatly. We further investigate the influence of program services and resources to clarify program heterogeneity beyond existing typologies. The results clarify the role of these programs and ecosystem intermediaries.
Motivating Prosocial Venturing in Response to a Humanitarian Crisis: Building Theory From the Refugee Crisis in Germany
Authors: Mittermaier Alexandra , Patzelt Holger , Shepherd Dean A.
Published: June 2021

In the context of the humanitarian refugee crisis in Germany, we conducted an 8-month qualitative study of prosocial ventures that emerged during this crisis to build a theory of motivation in prosocial venturing. We identified two venturing paths driven by founders’ distinct motivations. Founders motivated by others’ suffering focused on rescuing refugees, following an execution-oriented approach, and scaling their activities to meet victims’ short-run needs. Founders motivated by entrepreneurial aspirations focused on building an organization, following a foundation-oriented approach, and customizing activities to meet victims’ long-run needs. This study contributes to prosocial venturing and crisis research.
“That’s the Beauty of It”: Practitioners Describe the Affordances of Direct to Consumer Tele-Mental Health
Authors: Goldkind Lauri , Wolf Lea
Published: June 2021

Tele-mental health, or the provision of remote counseling services, has been available for decades. This qualitative study uses the framework of affordances, derived from Gibson, to examine what social work practitioners working on direct to consumer tele-mental health (DTCTMH) platforms are discovering about the features, benefits, and constraints of virtual therapy. An interpretive phenomenological approach was employed to document the lived experiences of social workers who practice in this manner. According to the practitioners interviewed, for a subset of individuals seeking treatment, DTCTMH can offer meaningful interpersonal interaction that confers benefit. Key affordances include accessibility, anonymity, meaningful work, autonomy, lifelong learning, and access by new populations. Practitioners simultaneously acknowledge the ethical complexities and structural challenges of DTCTMH practice. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, policy, and practice.
Intracranial Volume Not Correlated With Severity in Trigonocephaly
Authors: Kronig Otto D. M. , Kronig Sophia A. J. , Van Adrichem Léon N. A.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Severity of trigonocephaly varies and potentially affects intracranial volume (ICV) and intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this study is to measure ICV in trigonocephaly patients and compare it to normative data and correlate ICV with the severity of the skull deformity according to UCSQ (Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier).

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Primary craniofacial center.

Patients, Participants:

Nineteen preoperative patients with nonsyndromic trigonocephaly (age ≤12 months).

Intervention:

Intracranial volume was measured on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans by manual segmentation (OsiriX Fondation). Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier was used to quantify the severity of the skull deformity. When present, papilledema as sign of elevated ICP was noted.

Main Outcome Measures(s):

Measured ICV was compared to Lichtenberg normative cranial volume growth curves, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate UCSQ with the ICV.

Results:

Mean age at CT scan was 6 months (2-11). Mean measured ICV was 842 mL (579-1124). Thirteen of h19 patients (11/15 boys and 2/4 girls) had an ICV between ±2 SD curves of Lichtenberg, 2 of 19 (1/15 boys and 1/4 girls) had an ICV less than −2 SD and 4 of 19 (3/15 boys and 1/4 girls) had an ICV greater than +2 SD. Mean UCSQ severity of trigonocephaly was 2.40 (−622.65 to 1279.75). Correlation between severity and ICV was negligible (r = −0.11). No papilledema was reported.

Conclusions:

Measured ICV was within normal ranges for trigonocephaly patients, in both mild and severe cases. No correlation was found between severity of trigonocephaly and ICV.
Comparative Assessment of Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft and Bovine-Derived Demineralized Bone Matrix for Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin , Singh Satinder Pal , Mahajan Jai Kumar
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Comparison between bovine-derived demineralized bone matrix (DMBM) and iliac crest graft over long term for secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in terms of radiological and clinical outcomes.

Design:

Prospective, randomized, parallel groups, double-blind, controlled trial.

Setting:

Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh.

Participants:

Twenty patients with UCLP.

Interventions:

Patients were allocated into group I (Iliac crest bone graft) and group II (DMBM) for SABG. Outcomes were assessed at 2 weeks, 6 months, and then after mean follow-up period of 63 months.

Outcomes Measures:

Volumetric analysis of the grafted bone in the alveolar cleft site was done through cone beam computed tomography using Cavalieri principle and modified assessment tool. Clinical assessment was performed in terms of pain, swelling, duration of hospital stay, cost of surgery, alar base symmetry, and donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest harvesting.

Results:

Volumetric analysis through Cavalieri principle revealed comparable bone uptake at follow-up of 6 months between group I (70%) and group II (69%). Modified assessment tool showed no significant difference between horizontal and vertical bone scores over short- and long-term follow-up. In group II, there was higher cost of surgery, but no donor site morbidity unlike group I.

Conclusions:

Demineralized bone matrix proved analogous to iliac crest bone graft as per volumetric analysis over shorter period. However, although statistically insignificant, net bone volume achieved was lower than the iliac crest graft at longer follow-up.