bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Saving of Black America’s Body and White America’s Soul”
Authors: Young Darius
Published: January 2019

In 1917 Ell Persons was lynched in Memphis, Tennessee. Persons, a black woodchopper in his thirties, was burned alive in front of a crowd of at least 15,000 spectators at the Wolf River Bridge after being accused of raping and murdering a sixteen-year-old white schoolgirl by the name of Antoinette Rappel. This essay provides a detailed narrative of the lynching, which garnered international attention, but it also discusses the reactions and activism of black Memphians in the wake of this horrific event. Robert Church Jr. took a leadership role and drove the establishment of the city’s NAACP chapter. This essay shows how the lynching of Ell Persons shaped and was shaped by the political, social, and racial atmosphere of Memphis during the Jim Crow era.
Nonviolence, Black Power, and the Surveillance State in Memphis’s War on Poverty
Authors: Siracusa Anthony C.
Published: January 2019

This essay examines the intertwined histories of federal antipoverty programs and the Black Power movement in Memphis, framed through the unlikely alliance of the Reverend James Lawson and members of the Black Organizing Project. Employing primary sources from antipoverty organizations in Memphis and newly surfaced FBI documents, it argues that the explosive events of late March and early April 1968 cannot be explained only by differences among black activists. The fracture within Memphis’s black freedom movement—a rupture that nearly thirty years of scholarship has attributed chiefly to deepening fissures between advocates of Black Power and advocates of nonviolence in the Memphis sanitation strike of 1968—is better explained by two factors: political resistance at both the local and national levels to black-led antipoverty efforts, and a robust and likely illegal effort by the FBI to infiltrate and undermine both the Black Power and nonviolent wings of the black freedom movement. The political efforts to halt the antipoverty movement and the black freedom struggle in Memphis were bound inextricably together.
Evolución del hecho religioso en el marco del constitucionalismo español 1812-1978
Authors: Somavilla Enrique
Published: January 2019

Las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado han estado vinculadas a los avatares de la historia de España y por los avatares que ha pasado la sociedad española, en las distintas épocas, desde constitucionalismo español, especialmente desde los siglos XIX al XXI. No hay que olvidar que la esencialidad de lo que consideramos hoy nación española está estrechamente vinculada a la creencia y pertenencia a la Iglesia católica desde tiempo inmemorial, incluso durante la dominación árabe, y que se concretará en el reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Es notorio que las influencias cristianas y católicas arraigaron en la mentalidad del pueblo español que unió la fe con su españolidad. Han sido siete Constituciones, tres Cartas otorgadas y otras que no llegaron a promulgarse. Pero la riqueza acumulada en dichas relaciones ha sido determinante a la hora de establecer unos lazos de colaboración entre ambas entidades. _____________________________The relationships between Church and State have been linked to the vicissitudes of Spanish History and the vicissitudes of Spanish Society, through its diverse periods since the Spanish Constitutionalism, especially since the XIX century, to the XXI century. It cannot be forgotten that the essentiality of what we know as the Spanish Nation is closely linked to the believing and belonging to the Catholic Church since old times, even during the Arabic domain, materialized during the ruling of the Catholic Monarchs. It is remarkable that the Catholic and Christian influences enrooted in the mentality of the Spanish people that united faith with its Spanish identity. It has been seven Constitutions; three Granted Charter and others Charter unpublished.  However, the accumulated richness in those relationships has been decisive at the moment of establishing the bow of collaboration between both entities.
El horizonte escatológico en el ideario de Zorastro
Authors: Román López María Teresa
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar sucintamente el núcleo central del ideario de Zoroastro en lo relativo a las cuestiones escatológicos recogidas en parte en los Gāthā que, en cierta medida, puede ayudarnos a entender algunas de las razones que justifican la influencia profunda que el zoroastrismo ha tenido en el mundo oriental y occidental.
Jung y la sabiduría oriental
Authors: Sánchez Meca Diego
Published: January 2019

El desarrollo de este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la Segunda Parte del volumen II de las Obras Completas de Jung, que lleva por título “Acerca de la psicología de la religión occidental y de la religión oriental”, publicado en su traducción castellana en 2008. En este volumen, se recogen seis interesantes estudios de Jung sobre algunos textos y tradiciones de la India y de China, que representan un ejemplo excepcional del encuentro de un occidental con las sabidurías de Oriente. En concreto, la lectura de textos orientales le ofrece a Jung el apoyo de tradiciones milenarias, de doctrinas muy sutiles y elaboradas, y de métodos privilegiados de toma de conciencia con los que miles y miles de individuos han intentado, a lo largo de los siglos, alcanzar un cada vez mayor conocimiento de sí y estados de superación cada vez más altos de sus limitaciones materiales y ordinarias, en contraste con los diferentes métodos psicológicos, psicoanalíticos y espirituales que han sido propios de la tradición occidental.[1] Cfr. Jung, C.G., Acerca de la Psicología de la religión occidental y de la religión oriental: Obras Completas II, Madrid, Trotta, 2008, Segunda parte.
David Hume a través del espejo de Borges
Authors: Cano López Antonio José
Published: January 2019

Jorge Luis Borges se sintió fascinado, desde los mismos inicios de su carrera literaria, por el idealismo. Fue la inﬂuencia del amigo de la familia Macedonio Fernández, así como las lecturas de Schopenhauer y Berkeley, las que propiciaron esta adhesión. Sin embargo, será la impronta del pensamiento de David Hume la que de forma decisiva deﬁnirá la coherencia teórica de las tesis borgianas, y la que establecerá un punto de unión entre la postura de Berkeley y la de Schopenhauer. Además, le permitirá llevar a cabo diferentes reﬂexiones en torno al problema del tiempo. David Hume está presente en lo que se ha considerado por la crítica como principales piezas literarias de Borges.
Reseña de "La palabra silenciada. Voces de mujer en la poesía española contemporánea (1950-2015)
Authors: Martos Pérez María Dolores
Published: January 2019

Reseña de:Remedios Sánchez García y Manuel Gahete Jurado (coords.),La palabra silenciada. Voces de mujer en la poesía españolacontemporánea (1950-2015). Valencia: Tirant humanidades,2017. 510 pp. ISBN 978-84-17069-93-3.
Certificación de la Competencia Digital Docente: propuesta para el profesorado universitario
Authors: Durán Cuartero Marta , Prendes Espinosa Mª Paz , Gutiérrez Porlán Isabel
Published: January 2019

La medida y certificación de la competencia digital es un tema sobre el que se viene trabajando desde hace unos años pero que está cobrando una mayor importancia desde que se plantea su importancia en la Agenda Digital para Europa en el marco de la Estrategia Europa 2020 (Comisión Europea, 2014). En el caso del profesorado en general -y del profesorado universitario en particular-, la competencia digital es clave en el desempeño de su profesión, sobre la que se han realizado muchos trabajos y se han aplicado instrumentos que permiten su medida desde el punto de vista de la autopercepción, pero no para la certificación. Este artículo hace una revisión de las iniciativas y mecanismos que diferentes organismos y entidades han puesto en marcha para acreditar la competencia digital. Esta búsqueda es el resultado del estudio del estado del arte en el marco de una investigación cuyo objeto principal es diseñar una prueba de certificación de la competencia digital del profesorado universitario. Tras esta búsqueda se presentan los diferentes instrumentos de certificación entre los que solo dos de ellos se centran en la competencia digital docente, uno de ellos el elaborado por el INTEF (2017a) y otro que en estos momentos se encuentra en proceso de validación en el marco de nuestra investigación, siendo además este último el único instrumento existente en nuestro contexto destinado a certificar la competencia digital del profesorado universitario con las particularidades que conlleva este tipo de docente.
Impacto del concepto PLE en la literatura sobre educación: la última década
Authors: Castañeda Linda , Tur Gemma , Torres-Kompen Ricardo
Published: January 2019

El concepto de Entorno Personal de Aprendizaje (PLE) es uno de los conceptos que ha recibido una mayor atención en los últimos años en el ámbito de la tecnología educativa. Los que estudiamos el tema asumimos —hay quien dice que de forma ingenua o acrítica— que se trata de un concepto realmente disruptivo, fundamental y que está en la base de los enfoques pedagógicos emergentes propios del momento tecno-social que nos enmarca, no solo en la faceta tecnológica-instrumental, sino también en los fundamentos mismos del proceso educativo. No obstante, poco sabemos sobre el impacto de este concepto y sus allegados en otros temas educativos no necesariamente ligados a la tecnología. A continuación, a través de una revisión de literatura sistematizada, se analiza el impacto del tema PLE en los tres principales focos temáticos de la literatura científica sobre educación de la última década: prácticas pedagógicas emergentes, aprendizaje autorregulado y desarrollo profesional docente. Se analiza si los PLE han impactado en cada uno de los temas; el nivel de importancia de ese impacto adquiere en cada uno de ellos y la forma en que se “materializa” en las diferentes temáticas. Las conclusiones de este artículo pretenden ofrecer sugerencias sobre cuál puede ser el futuro de la investigación y la práctica de un concepto que, tras algo más de diez años de su aparición en el ámbito educativo, sigue considerándose emergente.
Relations in Virtual Education: A study on the antecedents of loyalty
Authors: Curth Marcelo , Sampaio Cláudio Hoffmann , Spolavori Rafael
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender el proceso de formación de relaciones entre las instituciones educativas y los estudiantes. El mercado de educación a distancia es considerado uno de los sectores de mayor trascendencia para nuestra sociedad, que se encuentra en constante desarrollo y es realmente competitivo. Por lo tanto, las razones de las relaciones con respecto a la confianza, calidad percibida, compromiso y lealtad. Específicamente, se analizaron los motivos que crean las relaciones entre confianza, calidad percibida, compromiso y lealtad. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y exploratorio, con entrevistas individuales y en profundidad con expertos (gerentes / coordinadores), docentes y estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que, para la relación entre la calidad percibida y la lealtad, las razones relevantes fueron: sensación de ser bien recibidos, motivación y credibilidad. Para la confianza y la lealtad, se encontraron como razones: transparencia, compromiso del cliente / alumno con la institución, reflejo del aprendizaje como resultado del curso y la buena fe. En la relación de compromiso y lealtad, el compromiso cognitivo (calculativo) se destacó como la razón principal: los cambios proporcionados por el curso.
A Visualisation Dashboard for Contested Collective Intelligence Learning Analytics to Improve Sensemaking of Group Discussion
Authors: Ullmann Thomas Daniel , De Liddo Anna , Bachler Michelle
Published: January 2019

La habilidad para participar y contribuir a los debates es importante para el aprendizaje informal y formal. Especialmente cuando se abordan temas altamente complejos, puede ser difícil apoyar a los alumnos que participan en una discusión grupal efectiva y mantenerse al tanto de toda la información generada colectivamente durante la discusión. La tecnología puede ayudar con el compromiso y razonamiento en debates tan grandes, por ejemplo, puede monitorear cuán saludable es un debate y proporcionar indicadores sobre la distribución de la participación. Un marco especial que pretende aprovechar la inteligencia de grupos de pequeños a muy grandes con el apoyo de herramientas de discurso y argumentación estructuradas es la Inteligencia Colectiva Controvertida (ICC). Las herramientas de CCI proporcionan una fuente rica de datos semánticos que, si se procesan de manera adecuada, pueden generar un sofisticado análisis del discurso en línea. Este estudio presenta un panel de visualización con varios análisis visuales que muestran aspectos importantes de los debates en línea que han sido facilitados por las herramientas de discusión de CCI. El tablero de instrumentos fue diseñado para mejorar la creación de sentidos y la participación en los debates en línea y se ha evaluado con dos estudios, un experimento de laboratorio y un estudio de campo, en el contexto de dos institutos de educación superior. Este artículo informa sobre los resultados de una evaluación de usabilidad del panel de visualización. Los hallazgos descriptivos sugieren que los participantes con poca experiencia en el uso de visualizaciones analíticas pudieron desempeñarse bien en determinadas tareas. Esto constituye un resultado prometedor para la aplicación de tales tecnologías de visualización, ya que las interfaces analíticas de aprendizaje centradas en el discurso pueden ayudar a apoyar el compromiso de los alumnos y su razonamiento en debates en línea complejos.
Una mirada a la Educación Ubicua
Authors: Báez Pérez Carmen Inés , Clunie Beaufond Clifton Eduardo
Published: January 2019

La incorporación de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el campo de la educación ha permitido grandes cambios en la forma tanto de enseñar como de aprender. Dicha incorporación ha llevado a generar nuevos escenarios en los cuales estos procesos se desarrollan de mejor manera. La educación Ubicua surge de la evolución de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y su incorporación dentro de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, buscando acercar el aprendizaje a contextos cercanos a los aprendices, logrando así una formación basada en el contexto. El artículo presenta un estado de arte acerca de la identificación de cuatro aspectos principales que deben ser tenidos en cuenta para la adecuada inclusión de la educación ubicua en un proceso de formación. Los cuatro aspectos identificados son: áreas de conocimiento en las cuales se puede aplicar, niveles educativos en los que se puede implementar, tecnologías de información que facilitan la implementación de recursos digitales para realizar este tipo de aprendizaje y se mencionan modelos de aprendizaje que intervienen en el aprendizaje ubicuo. Estos aspectos se abarcan desde la perspectiva de autores que han trabajado sobre los mismos, dando una visión de los aspectos que se deben considerar para una adecuada incorporación de la educación ubicua en un contexto adecuado. Al finalizar el artículo, se presenta mediante un mapa mental un contexto generalizado de lo expuesto y las conclusiones que se obtienen del desarrollo del mismo.
Les bibliothèques de l’avenir
Authors: Sauvageau Philippe
Published: January 2019

Les bibliothèques demeurent des lieux culturels privilégiés. Leur dynamique de développement doit cependant tenir compte des nouveaux supports d’information dont la multiplication caractérise notre époque.

En rappelant la polyvalence culturelle de la Bibliothèque de Québec et du centre Beaubourg, à Paris, l’auteur présente sa vision de la bibliothèque de l’avenir.
Vidéodisque et disque optique numérique en documentation
Authors: Vinet France
Published: January 2019

Depuis déjà plusieurs années, l’explosion documentaire suscite de nombreuses discussions quant à la conservation, au stockage et à l’accessibilité de l’information. La fin des années 70 a vu apparaître un nouveau mode de stockage et de repérage : le vidéodisque. Qu’il se nomme vidéodisque, disque optique ou « laser disk », ce procédé s’impose de plus en plus comme une solution permanente pour « absorber » la quantité phénoménale d’information produite ou conservée par tout organisme.

L’auteure présente un profil technique des vidéodisques et des disques optiques tout en jetant un regard critique sur leur avenir dans le monde de la documentation.
L’avenir des catalogues et les catalogues de l’avenir
Authors: Manning Ralph W.
Published: January 2019

L’auteur aborde des problèmes d’application des nouvelles technologies aux catalogues des bibliothèques. Dans un premier temps, il décrit les faiblesses et les limitations des fichiers traditionnels. Par la suite, il montre comment l’informatisation pourrait faciliter la consultation mais aussi la gestion des fichiers.
L’édition gouvernementale québécoise
Authors: Ross Célyne
Published: January 2019

En mai 1982, le Conseil du trésor du Québec alloue un montant de 2,5 $ millions au ministère des Communications pour administrer l’édition gouvernementale. Cette somme constitue un fonds renouvelable permettant à la Direction générale des publications gouvernementales l’adoption de pratiques propres aux entreprises commerciales.

Après avoir rappelé le contexte de l’édition gouvernementale d’avant 1980, l’auteur décrit les facteurs qui ont mené à l’établissement de nouvelles politiques et l’articulation du processus actuel de l’édition gouvernementale québécoise.
La politique québécoise du livre
Authors: Robert Michel
Published: January 2019

Les objectifs de départ de la loi sur le développement des entreprises québécoises dans le domaine du livre n’ont pas été atteints jusqu’ici. Il y aurait lieu d’en corriger rapidement certaines lacunes.
La tarification dans les bibliothèques publiques au Québec
Authors: Robillard Serge
Published: January 2019

Véritable outil de planification et de gestion financière, la tarification doit être considérée comme une philosophie d’action globale à la base du financement des services municipaux.

La tarification répond au principe fiscal de la taxation selon le bénéfice reçu : faire payer le contribuable en fonction des services qu’il reçoit.

Ce mode de financement atteindra progressivement plusieurs secteurs de l’activité municipale, dont les bibliothèques publiques.

La tarification dans les bibliothèques publiques au Québec est imminente. Précédée d’une analyse en profondeur, cette tarification peut s’avérer la formule la plus équitable et la plus efficace sur le plan administratif.

Les professionnels des bibliothèques s’impliqueront-ils dans ce phonomène irréversible ?
Comprendre par une approche inductive les interventions de réadaptation basées sur les principes de la psychologie positive dans les processus de réadaptation des personnes atteintes de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique
Authors: Michallet Bernard , Falardeau Marie-Chantal , Chouinard Jocelyn
Published: January 2019

La recherche qualitative et inductive en psychologie est actuellement en émergence. Elle permet aux chercheurs de s’attarder aux vécus des patients et des intervenants, et de comprendre leurs réalités. Nous avons donc réalisé des entretiens qualitatifs pour comprendre les effets d’une intervention basée sur le courant de la psychologie positive auprès de personnes atteintes de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) dans leur processus de réadaptation. Nous voulions aussi comprendre comment la psychologie positive s’insère dans les pratiques des intervenants de l’équipe de réadaptation auprès de ces personnes et discuter de l’apport de l’induction dans cette recherche. Les résultats de nos analyses montrent que l’intervention basée sur la psychologie positive permet aux personnes atteintes de la SLA de cultiver des moments de bonheur malgré l’issue fatale de leur pathologie. Ils ont aussi mis en lumière les caractéristiques de la pratique de la psychologie positive pour les intervenants et celles de cette pratique pour les participants ayant la SLA. Dans une perspective de comparaison, nous nous permettons d’affirmer que l’intervention de psychologie positive a stimulé une réflexion et un questionnement des intervenants sur leur pratique, alors qu’elle pose des défis importants pour les personnes atteintes d’une maladie incurable qui est vécue essentiellement comme une expérience négative.
The return to water in ancestral Xenopus was accompanied by a novel mechanism for producing and shaping vocal signals
Authors: Kwong-Brown Ursula , Tobias Martha L , Elias Damian O , Hall Ian C , Elemans Coen PH , Kelley Darcy B
Published: January 2019

Listeners locate potential mates using species-specific vocal signals. As tetrapods transitioned from water to land, lungs replaced gills, allowing expiration to drive sound production. Some frogs then returned to water. Here we explore how air-driven sound production changed upon re-entry to preserve essential acoustic information on species identity in the secondarily aquatic frog genus Xenopus. We filmed movements of cartilage and muscles during evoked sound production in isolated larynges. Results refute the current theory for Xenopus vocalization, cavitation, and favor instead sound production by mechanical excitation of laryngeal resonance modes following rapid separation of laryngeal arytenoid discs. Resulting frequency resonance modes (dyads) are intrinsic to the larynx rather than due to neuromuscular control. Dyads are a distinctive acoustic signature. While their component frequencies overlap across species, their ratio is shared within each Xenopus clade providing information on species identity that could facilitate both conspecific localization and ancient species divergence.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
A β-carotene-binding protein carrying a red pigment regulates body-color transition between green and black in locusts
Authors: Yang Meiling , Wang Yanli , Liu Qing , Liu Zhikang , Jiang Feng , Wang Huimin , Guo Xiaojiao , Zhang Jianzhen , Kang Le
Published: January 2019

Changes of body color have important effects for animals in adapting to variable environments. The migratory locust exhibits body color polyphenism between solitary and gregarious individuals, with the former displaying a uniform green coloration and the latter having a prominent pattern of black dorsal and brown ventral surface. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the density-dependent body color changes of conspecific locusts remain largely unknown. Here, we found that upregulation of β-carotene-binding protein promotes the accumulation of red pigment, which added to the green color palette present in solitary locusts changes it from green to black, and that downregulation of this protein led to the reverse, changing the color of gregarious locusts from black to green. Our results provide insight that color changes of locusts are dependent on variation in the red β-carotene pigment binding to βCBP. This finding of animal coloration corresponds with trichromatic theory of color vision.
Genetic effects on promoter usage are highly context-specific and contribute to complex traits
Authors: Alasoo Kaur , Rodrigues Julia , Danesh John , Freitag Daniel F , Paul Dirk S , Gaffney Daniel J
Published: January 2019

Genetic variants regulating RNA splicing and transcript usage have been implicated in both common and rare diseases. Although transcript usage quantitative trait loci (tuQTLs) have been mapped across multiple cell types and contexts, it is challenging to distinguish between the main molecular mechanisms controlling transcript usage: promoter choice, splicing and 3ʹ end choice. Here, we analysed RNA-seq data from human macrophages exposed to three inflammatory and one metabolic stimulus. In addition to conventional gene-level and transcript-level analyses, we also directly quantified promoter usage, splicing and 3ʹ end usage. We found that promoters, splicing and 3ʹ ends were predominantly controlled by independent genetic variants enriched in distinct genomic features. Promoter usage QTLs were also 50% more likely to be context-specific than other tuQTLs and constituted 25% of the transcript-level colocalisations with complex traits. Thus, promoter usage might be an underappreciated molecular mechanism mediating complex trait associations in a context-specific manner.
A florigen paralog is required for short-day vernalization in a pooid grass
Authors: Woods Daniel , Dong Yinxin , Bouche Frederic , Bednarek Ryland , Rowe Mark , Ream Thomas , Amasino Richard
Published: January 2019

Perception of seasonal cues is critical for reproductive success in many plants. Exposure to winter cold is a cue that can confer competence to flower in the spring via a process known as vernalization. In certain grasses, exposure to short days is another winter cue that can lead to a vernalized state. In Brachypodium distachyon, we find that natural variation for the ability of short days to confer competence to flower is due to allelic variation of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1) paralog FT-like9 (FTL9). An active FTL9 allele is required for the acquisition of floral competence, demonstrating a novel role for a member of the FT family of genes. Loss of the short-day vernalization response appears to have arisen once in B. distachyon and spread through diverse lineages indicating that this loss has adaptive value, perhaps by delaying spring flowering until the danger of cold damage to flowers has subsided.
Descriptive anatomy of the largest known specimen ofProtoichthyosaurus prostaxalis(Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) including computed tomography and digital reconstruction of a three-dimensional skull
Authors: Lomax Dean R. , Porro Laura B. , Larkin Nigel R.
Published: January 2019

Ichthyosaur fossils are abundant in Lower Jurassic sediments with nine genera found in the UK. In this paper, we describe the partial skeleton of a large ichthyosaur from the Lower Jurassic (lower Sinemurian) of Warwickshire, England, which was conserved and rearticulated to form the centrepiece of a new permanent gallery at the Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum in 2015. The unusual three-dimensional preservation of the specimen permitted computed tomography (CT) scanning of individual braincase elements as well as the entire reassembled skull. This represents one of the first times that medical imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction methods have been applied to a large skull of a marine reptile. Data from these scans provide new anatomical information, such as the presence of branching vascular canals within the premaxilla and dentary, and an undescribed dorsal (quadrate) wing of the pterygoid hidden within matrix. Scanning also revealed areas of the skull that had been modelled in wood, clay and other materials after the specimen’s initial discovery, highlighting the utility of applying advanced imaging techniques to historical specimens. Additionally, the CT data served as the basis for a new three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull, in which minor damage was repaired and the preserved bones digitally rearticulated. Thus, for the first time a digital reconstruction of the skull and mandible of a large marine reptile skull is available. Museum records show the specimen was originally identified as an example ofIchthyosaurus communisbut we identify this specimen asProtoichthyosaurus prostaxalis. The specimen features a skull nearly twice as long as any previously described specimen ofP. prostaxalis, representing an individual with an estimated total body length between 3.2 and 4 m.
High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise
Authors: Maddigan Meaghan E. , Sullivan Kathleen M. , Halperin Israel , Basset Fabien A. , Behm David G.
Published: January 2019

Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises. However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. The purpose of this with-participant design study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to exercise end-point, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer (p = 0.035; Effect size (ES) = 0.28) (increase of 1 min) and had higher HR (4%; p = 0.043; ES = 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF; p = 0.021; ES = 1.1) during exercise, as measured at the exercise end-point. Trivial differences were observed between conditions in RPE and other ventilatory kinetics during exercise. Interestingly, 5 min post-exercise termination, HR recovery was 13.0% faster following the music condition (p < 0.05) despite that music was not played during this period. These results strengthen the notion that music can alter the association between central motor drive, central cardiovascular command and perceived exertion, and contribute to prolonged exercise durations at higher intensities along with a quicken HR recovery.
Avaliadores, autores e informações editoriais
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: January 2019

Avaliadores atuantes em 2018, autores e informações editoriais.
Tuning Anionic Redox Activity and Reversibility for a High‐Capacity Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Oxide Cathode via an Integrated Strategy
Authors: Li Qingyuan , Zhou Dong , Zhang Lijuan , Ning De , Chen Zhenhua , Xu Zijian , Gao Rui , Liu Xinzhi , Xie Donghao , Schumacher Gerhard , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: January 2019

When fabricating Li‐rich layered oxide cathode materials, anionic redox chemistry plays a critical role in achieving a large specific capacity. Unfortunately, the release of lattice oxygen at the surface impedes the reversibility of the anionic redox reaction, which induces a large irreversible capacity loss, inferior thermal stability, and voltage decay. Therefore, methods for improving the anionic redox constitute a major challenge for the application of high‐energy‐density Li‐rich Mn‐based cathode materials. Herein, to enhance the oxygen redox activity and reversibility in Co‐free Li‐rich Mn‐based Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 cathode materials by using an integrated strategy of Li2SnO3 coating‐induced Sn doping and spinel phase formation during synchronous lithiation is proposed. As an Li+ conductor, a Li2SnO3 nanocoating layer protects the lattice oxygen from exposure at the surface, thereby avoiding irreversible oxidation. The synergy of the formed spinel phase and Sn dopant not only improves the anionic redox activity, reversibility, and Li+ migration rate but also decreases Li/Ni mixing. The 1% Li2SnO3‐coated Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 delivers a capacity of more than 300 mAh g−1 with 92% Coulombic efficiency. Moreover, improved thermal stability and voltage retention are also observed. This synergic strategy may provide insights for understanding and designing new high‐performance materials with enhanced reversible anionic redox and stabilized surface lattice oxygen.
Multisegmented Metallic Nanorods: Sub‐10 nm Growth, Nanoscale Manipulation, and Subwavelength Imaging
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Jiang Wenyu , Xu Yuanqing , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2019

Multisegmented metallic nanorods (MS‐M‐NRs) have attracted increasing attention thanks to their integrated structures and complex functions. The integration of nanoscale segments in 1D enables maximum exposure of each segment and enhanced interaction between adjacent segments. Such structural integration will induce functional complexity in the nanorods, leading to superior properties for the individual components. Herein, recent progress on the development of MS‐M‐NRs is reviewed. Their precise fabrication, nanoscale manipulation, and subwavelength imaging, as well as simultaneous manipulation and imaging are discussed, respectively. Specifically, precise fabrication of MS‐M‐NRs focuses on porous anodic alumina (PAA) templated electrodeposition, which enables sub‐10 nm growth of the segments and their interfaces/fronts. Nanoscale manipulation of MS‐M‐NRs introduces the fundamental methods that are employed for delicate movement control on the nanorods through internal or external stimulations. Subwavelength imaging of MS‐M‐NRs highlights the achievements on identification and location of constituent nanoscale segments/gaps based on their differences and interactions. Simultaneous manipulation and imaging of MS‐M‐NRs addresses the significance and potential applications of the nanorods with magnetic–plasmonic dual modulation. The development of MS‐M‐NRs will greatly contribute to materials science and nanoscience/nanotechnology.
Emergence of Topological Hall Effect in a SrRuO3 Single Layer
Authors: Qin Qing , Liu Liang , Lin Weinan , Shu Xinyu , Xie Qidong , Lim Zhishiuh , Li Changjian , He Shikun , Chow Gan Moog , Chen Jingsheng
Published: January 2019

Topological Hall effect (THE), appearing as bumps and/or dips in the Hall resistance curves, is considered as a hallmark of the skyrmion spin texture originated from the inversion symmetry breaking and spin–orbit interaction. Recently, Néel‐type skyrmion is proposed based on the observed THE in 5d transition metal oxides heterostructures such as SrRuO3/SrIrO3 bilayers, where the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), due to the strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in SrIrO3 and the broken inversion symmetry at the interface, is believed to play a significant role. Here the emergence of THE in SrRuO3 single layers with thickness ranging from 3 to 6 nm is experimentally demonstrated. It is found that the oxygen octahedron rotation in SrRuO3 also has a significant effect on the observed THE. Furthermore, the THE may be continuously tuned by an applied electrical field. It is proposed that the large SOC of Ru ions together with the broken inversion symmetry, mainly from the interface, produce the DMI that is responsible for the observed THE. The emergence of the gate‐tunable DMI in SrRuO3 single layer may stimulate further investigations of new spin–orbit physics in strong SOC oxides.
Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predict the Elastic Modulus from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Results
Authors: Xu Xianbo , Gupta Nikhil
Published: January 2019

Characterizing viscoelastic materials over a range of temperatures and strain rates requires an elaborate experimental scheme. Methods are available that allow testing a single specimen and then transform the storage modulus data to recover elastic modulus. However, applying these methods to polymers with more than one thermal transitions is challenging. As the form of artificial neural network (ANN) follows the time–temperature superposition principle, it is used in the present work to establish the master relation for storage modulus. The neural network is built with various neuron numbers and regularization factors, and two magnitudes of Gaussian noises. The predictions achieve the best accuracy when the regularization factor equals 10−4 and neuron number equals the number of thermal transitions in the material. Then the ANN is trained on storage modulus data of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites and achieves 4.1% average error. The storage modulus is transformed to time domain relaxation function using integral relation of viscoelasticity. Stress response over the strain history is determined and the elastic modulus is extracted. Compared to the tensile test results, the predictions achieve an average error of 0.7%, which indicates that the method can predict the material behavior over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
Airflow measurement across negatively infiltration processed porous aluminum structures
Authors: Otaru A. J. , Morvan H. P. , Kennedy A. R.
Published: January 2019

Detailed structural characterization and experimental measurement of airflow across open‐celled aluminum foam structures with near‐spherical cells varying in pore sizes and interstices are presented herein. The aluminum foam structures were produced by infiltrating liquid aluminum into convergent gaps created by packed beds of near‐spherical hydrosoft salt beds varying in particle sizes, packing densities, and infiltration pressures. A quantitative assessment of the unit pressure drops developed across these structures show that viscous and inertial terms of these structures were observed to greatly depend on the shape and structural macroscopic parameters of the porous medium. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1355–1364, 2019
Selective Introduction of Trifluoroacetyl Group to β‐ and δ‐Position of Aromatic Conjugated Esters: Facile Synthesis of Fluorine‐containing Keto Esters
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Shimizu Yuhei , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Abe Mitsuhiro , Zheng Suhua , Maekawa Hirofumi
Published: January 2019

An approach to trifluoroacetylation of aromatic conjugated esters successfully led to the efficient and selective introduction of trifluoroacetyl group to the electron‐deficient β‐ or δ‐carbon atom of ester under mild reaction conditions by magnesium‐promoted reduction, followed by deacetalization with trifluoroacetic acid in moderate to good yields. A variety of fluorinated keto esters derived from ethyl cinnamates and β, γ‐ or γ‐, δ‐unsaturated fluorinated keto esters from aromatic dienoesters with a longer conjugation system were synthesized through this simple methodology utilizing ethyl trifluoroacetate as a fluorine‐containing carbon source.
Understanding the Reaction Interface in Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Huang Jun , Peng Zhangquan
Published: January 2019

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Huang from Central South University, and Prof. Peng from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image shows how the current state of understanding the reaction interfaces in lithium–oxygen batteries reminds us of the parable of the blind and the elephant: Each person has his own opinion on which is the critical issue (the part of the elephant) and has a specific tool in hand. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/batt.201800083.
Can Vestibular Stimulation be Used to Treat Obesity?
Authors: McGeoch Paul D.
Published: January 2019

It is hypothesized that repeated, non‐invasive stimulation of the vestibular (balance) system, via a small electrical current to the skin behind the ears, will cause the brain centers that control energy homeostasis to shift the body toward a leaner physique. This is because these centers integrate multiple inputs to, in effect, fix a set‐point for body fat, which though difficult to alter is not immutable. They will interpret repeated stimulation of the parts of the vestibular system that detect acceleration as a state of chronic activity. During such a physiologically challenging time it is preferable, from an energy homeostasis viewpoint, to both utilize fat reserves, and reduce the volume of these reserves and thus the energy cost of carrying them around. Hence, this type of vestibular stimulation could potentially be a therapeutic option for metabolic syndrome disorders such as obesity. This hypothesis is eminently testable via a clinical trial.
MNX1 promotes cell proliferation and activates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Xiangrong , Pan Qimei , Lu Yijie , Jiang Xinwei , Zhang Sirong , Wu Jianwu
Published: January 2019

Aberrant Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is a characteristic feature of colorectal cancer (CRC), therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of aberrant Wnt/β‐catenin signaling will improve the treatment outcome of CRC. Expression of MNX1 in paired fresh CRC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. The levels of MNX1 in paraffin‐embedded CRC specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The role of MNX1 in growth and proliferation of CRC cells was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assay. Luciferase reporter analysis and western blotting were carried out to explore the influence of MNX1 on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. The results showed that expression of MNX1 is markedly upregulated in CRC tissues and positively correlated with level of Ki67, and overexpression of MNX1 significantly promotes the proliferation of CRC cells. Further study showed that ectopic expression of MNX1 activates the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and upregulates the expression of c‐Myc and CCND1, the downstream genes of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Therefore, MNX1 plays an indispensable role in promoting of human CRC progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
Mitsugumin 53 promotes mitochondrial autophagy through regulating Ambra1 expression in C2C12 myoblast cells
Authors: Lijie Gu , Yueyue Zhang , Nan Zhu , Ling Wang , Xuan Wang , Weijie Yuan
Published: January 2019

In this study, we investigated the function of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) in regulation of mitochondrial autophagy in skeletal muscle cells and explored its potential application in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The expression of autophagy beclin 1 regulator 1 (Ambra1) and MG53 in skeletal muscles of 5/6 nephrectomized rats was measured, and the effect of MG53 on mitochondrial autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts was investigated by in vitro experiments. Our results show the expression of Ambra1 and MG53 in the skeletal muscle of CKD rats was significantly decreased. In vitro experiments showed that MG53 overexpression could promote the expression of Ambra1 and mitochondrial autophagy in C2C12 cells, suggesting that recovery of autophagy by MG53 intervention may help remove abnormal mitochondria and alleviate muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the damaged or functionally incomplete mitochondria in CKD rats could not be effectively removed, which may be related to the low activity of Ambra1. In vitro experiments showed that MG53 overexpression could promote the expression of Ambra1 in C2C12 cells and restore mitochondrial autophagy. Whether MG53 can help remove abnormal mitochondria and relieve CKD‐induced muscle atrophy requires further study.
Analysis of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Hard Carbon Electrodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Carboni Marco , Manzi Jessica , Armstrong Antony Robert , Billaud Juliette , Brutti Sergio , Younesi Reza
Published: January 2019

The composition, morphology, and evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on hard carbon (HC) electrodes upon cycling in sodium‐ion batteries are investigated. A microporous HC was prepared by pyrolysis of d‐(+)‐glucose at 1000 °C followed by ball‐milling. HC electrodes were galvanostatically cycled at room temperature in sodium‐ion half‐cells using an aprotic electrolyte of 1 m sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide dissolved in propylene carbonate with 3 wt % fluoroethylene carbonate additive. The evolution of the electrode/electrolyte interface was studied by impedance spectroscopy upon cycling and ex situ by spectroscopy and microscopy. The irreversible capacity displayed by the HC electrodes in the first galvanostatic cycle is probably due to the accumulation of redox inactive NaxC phases and the precipitation of a porous, organic‐inorganic hybrid SEI layer over the HC electrodes. This passivation film further evolves in morphology and composition upon cycling and stabilizes after approximately ten galvanostatic cycles at low current rates.
Landfill Leachate Treatment by Combining Coagulation and Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Techniques
Authors: de Oliveira Mayra S. , da Silva Larissa F. , Barbosa Andreia D. , Romualdo Lincoln L. , Sadoyama Geraldo , Andrade Leonardo S.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents and discusses the results obtained in the treatment of raw landfill leachate (RLL) with a combination of coagulation‐flocculation (Alum) and electrochemical techniques, using a filter‐press reactor with a boron‐doped diamond electrode. The success of the treatment was demonstrated by the quality of the treated water, which was evaluated based on parameters such as color, odor, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, free and total chlorine, total nitrite and nitrate, ammonia and microbiological tests (mesophiles and termotolerant coliforms). The best conditions for coagulation‐flocculation involved a dosage of 20 mL/L Al2(SO4)3 (50 g/L) at pH 6.0. To reduce energy consumption, the electrochemical treatments were carried out by applying different limiting current density (ilim) step sequences. This strategy reduced the energy consumed in the removal of the organic load by up to 40 % while maintaining a similarly effective mineralization rate (>90 % COD removal) between the steps. Microbiological tests revealed that the number of mesophiles was more than twelve orders of magnitude lower after electrolysis, indicating the important sanitizing effect caused by the HClO/chloramine species generated in the process. Color, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen were completely eliminated from the treated leachate by the end of the electrolysis process.
Thermally Robust and Tuneable Phosphorescent Gold(III) Complexes Bearing (N^N)‐Type Bidentate Ligands as Ancillary Chelates
Authors: Malmberg Robert , Bachmann Michael , Blacque Olivier , Venkatesan Koushik
Published: January 2019

Phosphorescent mono‐cyclometalated gold(III) complexes and their possible applications in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be significantly enhanced with their improved thermal stability by suppressing the reductive elimination of the respective ancillary ligands. A rational tuning of the π‐conjugation of the cyclometalating ligand in conjunction with the non‐conjugated 5,5′‐(1‐methylethylidene)bis(3‐trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole were used as a strategy to achieve room‐temperature phosphorescence emission in a new series of gold(III) complexes. Photophysical studies of the newly synthesised and characterised complexes revealed phosphorescent emission of the complexes at room temperature in solution, thin films when doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as well as in 2‐Me‐THF at 77 K. The complexes exhibit highly tuneable emission behaviour with photoluminescent quantum efficiencies up to 22 % and excited state lifetimes in the range of 63–300 μs. Detailed photophysical investigations in combination with DFT and TD‐DFT calculations support the conclusion that the emission properties are strongly dictated by both the cyclometalating ligand and the ancillary chelating ligand. Thermogravimetric studies further show that the thermal stability of the AuIII complexes has been drastically enhanced, making these complexes more attractive for OLED applications.
Recent Implementations of Molecular Photoswitches into Smart Materials and Biological Systems
Authors: Pianowski Zbigniew L.
Published: January 2019

Light is a nearly ideal stimulus for molecular systems. It delivers information encoded in the form of wavelengths and their intensities with high precision in space and time. Light is a mild trigger that does not permanently contaminate targeted samples. Its energy can be reversibly transformed into molecular motion, polarity, or flexibility changes. This leads to sophisticated functions at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, from light‐triggered nanomaterials to photocontrol over biological systems. New methods and molecular adapters of light are reported almost daily. Recently reported applications of photoresponsive systems, particularly azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and indigoids, for smart materials and photocontrol of biological setups are described herein with the aim to demonstrate that the 21st century has become the Age of Enlightenment—“Le siècle des Lumières”—in molecular sciences.