bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing of information links empirically (TILE) in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Thoburn J.G. , Arunachalam S. , Gunasekaran A.
Published: July 2002

Information systems (ISs) are at the heart of any responsive organisation. However current tools and techniques of evaluation and design of ISs are not well suited to the needs of small and medium sized companies, and the achievement of their strategic, commercial and operational goals, and perhaps not even to those of larger organisations. The failure rate in the use of many computer‐based systems is very high especially in manufacturing organisations. This suggests that a new and simpler technique is required to lay down the foundation for an IS at an early stage in the development of a company. This system must be capable of being applied by non‐specialist managers but nevertheless be one that incorporates all of the elements of information, in circumstances which may be a mix of technology‐based and manual systems. This paper proposes the design of a simple audit tool that may be used in any area of a company’s organisation to aid in the evaluation, planning and design of holistic ISs in SMEs.
Lane‐occupancy‐delay estimation system (LODES) for logistics information management
Authors: Chien Steven I. , Wen H. Joseph , Ting Ching‐Jung , Qu Jing
Published: July 2002

Work‐zone delay is very costly to the movement of goods and people. It is increasingly problematic for logistics management if the travel time or delay information cannot be estimated in an accurate way. This paper describes a study to investigate the effects of work zones, enhance computer‐based capability to estimate the associated work‐zone delays, assess the interrelationship of significant factors that affect work‐zone delays and develop a user‐friendly tool to assist transportation operations and logistics planning. A computerized information system, called lane‐occupancy‐delay estimation system (LODES), is developed to assess work‐zone delays that may affect short‐ or long‐term logistic activities. The results from trials and their implications are discussed and, finally, areas of further research are proposed.
The Spreadsheet:
Authors: Robson Andrew J.
Published: July 2002

Examines the way in which the spreadsheet has developed into a
sophisticated modelling tool. This has been achieved by considering
various releases of Lotus 1‐2‐3 and the latest version of Microsoft
Excel. Refers to specific spreadsheet facilities, but does not provide
the mechanical details of invoking the various commands, in order that
the ideas described can be transferred to other spreadsheets offering
similar facilities. Explores the development of the spreadsheet on two
fronts; first with reference to its functional and programmable
capability, and second by considering the advancement of its “what
if” facilities.
Case Studies on EDI Implementation
Authors: Ghobadian A. , Liu J. , Stainer A.I.
Published: July 2002

Examines the development of electronic data interchange (EDI) in three
major supermarket chains. Describes case studies which investigate
introduction, implementation, costs, benefits and problems. Concludes
that EDI has brought about a major improvement in the way the businesses
operate.
EDI – Changing Business Practice
Authors: Robson Linda
Published: July 2002

The need to hasten the exchange of business information over the years
has resulted in ever‐changing business practices culminating in the
advent of electronic data interchange (EDI). Looks at the progress of
EDI, the evolution of the syntax used for EDI messages and the services
available for the electronic transmission of EDI data. As EDI software
has become more sophisticated so have its applications and these trends
are illustrated by a series of case studies involving large
multinationals with dedicated IT departments as well as small
organizations, often with no computer knowledge at all. The automotive
industry is one sector which is earnestly implementing EDI to maximize
its full potential. There is an increasing trend towards the formation
of EDI communities to keep costs down and for the mutual benefit of
community members. Opportunities available to future generations of EDI
users include continuous dialogue simulating conversation between
computers.
Vendor rating and the evaluation of risk in new software
Authors: Wilkinson Joe
Published: July 2002

The yardsticks used in the very last purchase of an information
system may be totally out of date when searching for its replacement. Of
equal significance, if the person wielding the yardstick does not know
the questions to ask, then the users of the system are deprived of the
tools which may significantly improve their personal performance and
that of their employing company in the marketplace.
The well planned menu – logistics for an airline catering
company
Authors: Szymanski Rainer
Published: July 2002

Describes the successful implementation by a major airline′s
catering division of a comprehensive, computer‐controlled logistics
system comprising two separate, fully automated warehousing and ordering
systems, making order error a rarity and enabling three‐shift operation
which has significantly increased profitability.
A manager’s guide to electronic data interchange: doing business on the information superhighway
Authors: Kappelman Leon A. , Richards Thomas C. , Tsai Ray J.
Published: July 2002

Provides an introduction to EDI for those managers who are new to the field and wish to know more about it. Covers what EDI is, how it works and the technology involved, and provides a comprehensive account of the development, implementation and use of EDI. Gives guidelines for the successful adoption of EDI, from planning, analysis and design to construction, installation and operations, and lists critical success factors for EDI projects.
Monitoring information and materials to enhance logistics performance
Authors: Hill John F.
Published: July 2002

The need to make forecasts is commonplace in industry. The accuracy (and hence, usefulness) of forecasts varies from one sector to another, but is rarely high. Describes an approach to the monitoring of forecasts which aims to detect significant inaccuracy and to quantify the correction(s) that need to be made, based on well‐established methods of SPC, and so it also allows any changes in the pattern of demand to be detected, providing information for the revision of the forecasting model. Since the monitoring technique is based on statistical methods, it provides information which can be used directly in conventional models for inventory management. The user can choose the level of coverage required, and the monitoring technique indicates how well the target is being met. Again, any departure from the required level can be indicated at a stage early enough to take corrective action.
Re‐designing a complex, multi‐customer supply chain
Authors: Hole David , Marsh Jim , Hudson Mike
Published: July 2002

Provides details of the case study company’s background and highlights the need for quality of service. Describes in detail the re‐design process and the methodologies used; discusses the need to balance hard (re‐engineering) issues with soft (people) ones. Finally, details some of the major benefits gained from this approach to re‐design.
Logistics information’s role within an IT systems architecture in a world‐class organization
Authors: Kim Bonn‐Oh , Lee Sang M.
Published: July 2002

To compete successfully, organizations pursue the status of the world‐class organizations (WCO). A WCO is defined as the best in its class, or as good as its best global competitor, in providing most value to the customer. WCOs must be supported by effective information systems. Presents new approaches to developing the information architecture for world‐class organizations.
Container transport ‐ a case study
Authors: Cattrysse Dirk , Geeroms Kris , Proost Ann , Van der Heyde Carine
Published: July 2002

Discusses the building of a prototype decision‐support system for a container transport company in the light of constraining factors which affect scheduling of trucks and vehicle routeing problems of various kinds. Considers the prototype’s data requirements and describes the information flow analysis, drawing conclusions and offering suggestions, before proceeding to model the problem as a vehicle routeing problem. Describes the development of an heuristic procedure and how it was tested and validated. Summarizes the benefits of the analysis and the prototype’s construction.
Delivering technology: a case study
Authors: Duffield Cindy
Published: July 2002

City Link is one of the UK’s largest business‐to‐business courier companies. Founded in 1969, it pioneered the concept of same day and next morning delivery services. Describes the latest phase in the development of PC CLAN (City Link automated network), a PC‐based tracking and tracing system which was installed in the warehouses of City Link’s larger customers to improve the communication and monitoring of jobs between client and courier. Suggests that this latest phase in development is essentially electronic data exchange for parcels and that it may have a significant impact on the shaping of the parcel courier business.
Performance‐driven quality
Authors: Chelsom John V.
Published: July 2002

Considers the relationships between ISO 9000, TQM and business performance. It argues that the correlation between ISO 9000 and success is still weak, and that many organizations still have difficulty reconciling the apparent conflict between the “compliance” philosophy of ISO 9000, and the strong innovative demands of TQM. A way of reconciling these apparent conflicts is suggested, which entails the use of a third package of management tools to provide performance‐driven quality. This additional package harnesses the output of TQ initiatives to the continuous improvement of delivered quality of goods and services, and to the development of new customer‐pleasing products ‐ the elements that are missing from ISO 9000. A specific example of the ISO 9000/ TQM conflicts, and of successful use of a particular third package ‐ all within the same company ‐ is provided.
Working mothers and the supervision of their children: a value chain approach to schooling
Authors: Sophia Aguirre Maria
Published: July 2002

Analyzes, by means of Porter’s Value Chain system, a possible strategy to address the problems of shared parental obligations by men and women, and in particular the supervision of children below school age and “latchkey” children. Also addresses the difficulty of employer retention of valuable working women. The business in this case consists of the schools, and the strategic business unit under study is identified as school‐age children with full‐time working parents. Suggests an extension of school hours as a solution.
Case study: APS Berk ‐ from arbitration to agility
Authors: Belk Karl , Steels Will
Published: July 2002

Scheduling systems can be developed to model all significant processes in a business and desk top computers have the power to generate integrated schedules using powerful mathematical techniques to realise optimised throughput. This paper describes the background to the recognition of the need for a planning and scheduling system, the system requirements, the search of the software markets and finally, the benefits achieved. A supplier was found who could generate high‐level plans and detailed schedules from MPS forecasts, thus ensuring a balance between stock holding costs and customer service. Such a system necessitated the ability to interface easily with both future and current systems.
The successful implementation of MRPII via a hierarchical modelling approach
Authors: Hung Ip Wai , Yam Richard C.M.
Published: July 2002

Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRPII) is recognized as being an effective management system that has an excellent planning and scheduling capability which can offer a dramatic increase in customer service, significant gains in productivity, much higher inventory turns, and a greater reduction in material costs. Many companies world‐wide have attempted to implement MRPII systems. Many of them are now using MRPII with various level of satisfaction. However, failure of MRPII implementation was in fact experienced by other companies. This paper proposes an integrated system design and implementation approach to overcome the difficulties. It aims to formulate a standard process by combining strategic elements, problem definition, MRPII solutions, technical and procedural design, and implementation management in order to minimize the frustration and conflicts commonly found in MRPII implementation as well as to reduce disconnection among different stages of design and implementation. A hierarchical analysis technique using Integrated DEFinition Method (IDEF) is used to support the design and implementation management. The examples illustrated that it provides an invaluable support in the management of MRPII system.
Case study: reconfiguring a manufacturing system for strategic advantage ‐ a real‐world application
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Motwani Jaideep
Published: July 2002

Over the last ten years scores of methodologies have emerged in management science/operations research/statistics that employ techniques such as mathematical programming, simulation, artificial intelligence, and clustering to convert a flexible manufacturing system into a cellular one. Based on a real‐life case that involved over 1,000 components and 3,000 operations, related to a world‐class furniture manufacturing company, finds that the somewhat outdated King’s algorithm, after partial linearization, works as well as the other sophisticated techniques in terms of speed and problem size. Drives home the point that a shift to cellular configuration from functional layout results in across the board savings in material movement, setup times, hilo moves, WIP, work area and in manufacturing leadtime. The company under study benefited to the tune of $164,000 per year from switch to single cell. The projected savings are expected to exceed $700,000 per year when the reconfiguration is completed.
A logistics approach to managing the millennium information systems problem
Authors: Labib Ashraf W.
Published: July 2002

The prevailing discipline in dealing with the Year 2000 computer problem tends to be logistics, which is the main focus of this paper. However, the Year 2000 computing problem is considered a multi‐disciplinary problem, as it concerns fields of information systems, maintenance, decision making and crisis and risk management. The millennium problem is increasingly critical yet still it seems there is no systematic and unified approach that considers multiple criteria. The paper analyzes the process of formulating and evaluating an appropriate strategy using multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), in order to deal with the millennium problem. The proposed methodology is developed to systematize the decision process. The model used was constructed to provide a generic framework for the formulation of an appropriate millennium problem‐solving strategy. The methodology is described and important issues of consistency and resource allocation, using the knapsack method, are tested.
Case study: managing for total quality of logistics services in the supply chain
Authors: Fung Patrick , Wong Alfred
Published: July 2002

Presents an analysis of the total quality management (TQM) system of a logistics service provider operating in a supply chain context. The company can achieve ongoing improvement in its services cost‐effectively through efficient use of information system and teamwork. Following the strategy of case study research, analytical generalisation is made with respect to the multiple roles of the logistics service provider in determining its relationships with internal and external customers and in setting service goals; the intensive use of information in facilitating and monitoring logistics service operations, which in turn determines the competitive advantage of the service provider; essence of people‐based management and how that promotes interactions in teamwork, trust building and flexibility in meeting changing goals and process requirements; and alliance leadership and its potential to empower teams to innovate and upgrade total quality service in turbulent environments.
Management of information technology evaluation ‐ the development of a managerial thesis
Authors: Lubbe Sam , Remenyi Dan
Published: July 2002

The aim is to address the approach and identify the assessment of the effectiveness of IT investment used by organisations, to develop a thesis of good practice in this area; and to test this thesis by reference to a focus group consisting of practitioners.The research began using the case study method to collect evidence and then content analysis was employed to analyse this evidence to identify empirical generalisations and thus develop a theory of IT investment, IT investment evaluation and IT benefit identification. Correspondence analysis was used on the case study data as one step in establishing the theory. A focus group was used to present the relevant theory and the models that were created. Finally, the practical management guidelines suggested by the research and the models and content analysis figures were presented to practitioners as a cross‐validation process and the results reported. The results of this research are an objectively developed theory of how IT investments are formulated and evaluated and how IT investment benefits are identified.
The millennium bug and the potential impact on NHS hospitals
Authors: Howell Peter , Smith Sally , Labib Mourad
Published: July 2002

An NHS hospital is a complex organisation with many departments which are all inter‐dependent. The “millennium bug” can potentially affect any or all of its systems. Disruption in one department, over the millennium period, is likely to affect the overall delivery of health care with potential threat to life. The NHS Executive has identified the year 2000 issue as the first non‐clinical priority and every hospital has established a business continuity plan. However, many of the critical risks are outside the hospitals’ direct control and service delivery will essentially depend on the ability of key suppliers to maintain their business continuity. Unlike in industry or profit‐making organisations, the cost of assessing the risk, testing and replacing non‐compliant equipment in hospitals cannot be passed to the consumer. Additional costs will have to be met from within existing resources which will have a major effect on the already stretched health care provisions.
Efficiency improvement in manual warehouses through ERP systems implementation and redesign of the logistics processes
Authors: Rizzi Antonio , Zamboni Roberto
Published: July 2002

Deals with the issues related to the implementation, in a manual finished goods warehouse, of an ERP information system aimed at improving warehouse internal logistics efficiency. Specifically it is observed that the mere implementation of an integrated warehouse management information system does not actually guarantee the optimization of warehouse logistics. Rather, to improve the overall systems efficiency, it is required that ERP implementation be combined with the redesign and the reorganization of warehouse logistics and processes. This means that to achieve an effective synergic effect and thus effectively increase systems efficiency, both these steps have to be undertaken concurrently, grounding the reorganization and redesign phase on the implementation fallouts )in first place higher traceability levels gained(. The whole project is then applied to a real case of a finished goods manual warehouse, with pile storage systems.
Drawing conclusions from deterministic logistic simulation models
Authors: Saayman Stedrick , Bekker James
Published: July 2002

Computer simulation is one of several technologies available to improve competitiveness, and simulation is thus often used as a design and/or decision tool in various industries including supply chain systems. The presumed difficult and time‐consuming statistical analysis of simulation data is often avoided while doing simulation studies by supplying deterministic input data to simulation models. This article addresses this issue in order to make managers aware of the risks involved with this practice. Embracing any technology that is new to the organisation requires responsibility. A theoretical comparison of deterministic simulation versus stochastic simulation is conducted and the theoretical results are substantiated with empirical results obtained from a simple logistic simulation model using deterministic input as one alternative and stochastic input as a second alternative.
Engineering design change management
Authors: Kidd M.W. , Thompson G.
Published: July 2002

Outlines the economic consequences of changes that are made during the design process and manufacture. Computer and paper based systems are considered, and the advantages of a computer based system are discussed. Experience in the use of a computer based system in a company is reviewed with respect to the sources of design changes, the control of design changes and the benefits gained. The use of bespoke and proprietary software is briefly discussed. Notes that engineering design change management plays an essential role in successful manufacturing organisations. Also notes that the bespoke system described has led to a considerable improvement in the company’s change control process.
A dynamic adaptive system for economic design of multiple control charts
Authors: Tsai Chen‐Fang , Bowerman Chris , Tait John
Published: July 2002

Much research has recently been conducted into the use of models for the economic design of multiple control charts (EDCC). Control chart models generally assume that most process variables are constant and only a limited number of the major variables are varied to reach a local optimum. In the economic design of multiple control charts (EDMCC), multiple control charts are used to analyse many manufacturing process variables simultaneously, in order to produce an optimal design for process control. However, the large number of variables often makes it difficult to solve this optimisation problem manually. This research explores the proposition that EDMCC can be optimised by using a novel genetic algorithm which dynamically adjusts the genetic algorithm’s (GA) operator and parameter settings during operation to ensure optimum effectiveness. This method involves refining the chromosome structure and using orthogonal arrays with fuzzy reasoning to reduce the search space.
Forecasting demand and inventory management using Bayesian time series
Authors: Spedding T.A. , Chan K.K.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the development and evaluation of a forecasting model for inventory management in an advanced technology batch production environment. Traditional forecasting and inventory management do not adequately address issues relating to a short life cycle and to non‐seasonal products with a relatively long lead time. Limited historical data (fewer than 100 observations) is also a problem in predicting short‐term dynamic or unstable time series. A Bayesian dynamic linear time series model is proposed as an alternative technique for forecasting demand in a dynamically changing environment. Provides details of the important characteristics and development process of the forecasting model. A case study is then presented to illustrate the application of the model based on data from a multinational company in Singapore. It also compares the Bayesian dynamic linear time series model with a classical forecasting model (auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model).
Manufacturing technology evolution trends
Authors: Mann Darrell
Published: July 2002

Discusses the problem definition and solving strategies contained in the TRIZ methodology. Constructed around the findings of over 1,500 person years of research, and the systematic extraction of knowledge from nearly 3 million of the world’s strongest patents, the Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, TRIZ, has identified a number of design contradiction‐eliminating strategies, and distinct and predictable technology evolution patterns. These patterns and their use in the context of current and projected future manufacturing methods and systems are discussed.
The Flexibility of Technological and Human Resources in Automotive
Manufacturing
Authors: Luiz Corrêa Henrique
Published: July 2002

Reports some of the findings of two years′ research work carried out
within a number of manufacturing engineering companies both in the
United Kingdom and Brazil. All the companies belong to the automotive
industry. The objective of the overall research was to analyse the
relationships between the variables of uncertainty, variability of
outputs and flexibility in manufacturing systems. The findings are a
co‐product of the overall research and are related to the flexibility of
the structural (human and technological) manufacturing resources.
Derives a new way of looking at stocks and its role in the manufacturing
system′s flexibility.
Integrated Manufacturing Information System:
Authors: Zhuang Lizhang , Burns George
Published: July 2002

The fast‐changing manufacturing environment has been the prime cause of
a company′s growing dissatisfaction with its production information
system, which ultimately led to the realization of the need for an
Integrated Manufacturing Information System (IMIS). A three‐stage
procedure was established to assist the investment decision, which
involved informal communication, project appraisal, and installation
planning. While the long‐term impact of the IMIS on the company′s
business operation is yet to be fully understood, its short‐term
benefits are being realized. These include substantial savings on
overheads, a marked increase in productive hours, and promising
improvement in productivity.
Expert Surface Treatment and Coating Selection Assistance in Product
Design
Authors: Syan Chanan S.
Published: July 2002

The majority of engineering failures occur because of surface initiated
effects such as wear, corrosion and fatigue. Surface treatment/coatings
(T/C) offer the potential to prevent failure and often to reduce cost.
T/C selection is an important part of design for manufacture (DFM)
spectrum and has been a very elusive activity to formalize. With the
advent of knowledge‐based systems, provision of T/C selection assistance
to the designer early on in the design process has become a practical
reality. Reports the development of the TESS (Tribologically Engineered
Surface Selection) expert system, which is concerned with the field of
Surface T/C and their selection for optimum engineering design
solutions. Introduces the T/C selection methodology and also describes
the system developed. A logic‐based AI language, Prolog, has been used
for the system development and versions of the system have been
developed to run on the workstation and PC platforms. The initial work
on the system was carried out with SERC support. Further developments
are under way in this and other related design for manufacturability
areas in this integrated design decision support approach.
Simultaneous Generation of Assembly Plans and Schedules in Electronics Assembly Operations
Authors: Khoshnevis Behrokh , Bottlik Geza , Reza Azmandian Ali
Published: July 2002

Assembly planning and scheduling are two major functions in circuit board manufacturing. Currently, assembly plans are developed in the absence of information about the state of the shop floor at the execution time of the assembly operation. In effect, these assembly plans may impose unnecessary restrictions on scheduling. As a result, scheduling conflicts, bottlenecks, imbalance in assembly lines and machine congestion that lead to lateness and excessive production and shipping costs are inevitable. Compares the performances of the traditional method of isolated planning and scheduling with a proposed method of simultaneous generation of assembly plans and schedules in electronic assembly operations. Simulated scenarios indicate the potential superiority of the integrated system.
Automated Process Planning System for Turned Parts
Authors: Rogers John S. , Farrington Phillip A. , Schroer Bernard J. , Hubbard Randall G.
Published: July 2002

Presents a description of an automated manufacturing process planning
(AMPP) system developed by the US Army Missile Command (MICOM) at
Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, that integrates computer aided design,
computer aided process planning and computer aided manufacturing
systems. The AMPP system automatically generates process plans and
numerical control code to fabricate turned cylindrical parts. The AMPP
system is available for demonstration at the AIDT Alabama Center for
Advanced Technology Transfer (ACATT) in Huntsville.
MRPII and stand‐alone finite schedulers: the relationships
Authors: Little David , Porter Keith , Jarvis Peter C. , Kenworthy John G.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the relationships between finite schedulers which operate
on output from a higher level in a conventional MRPII system, and
so‐called stand‐alone schedulers which essentially operate directly on
orders. Presents two graphical models – a demand flow model and a
flowpipe model – which help to explain the differences between
such schedulers and are used to illustrate the key features of each.
Coupled schedulers tend to work on demand which has already been
smoothed or planned in some way and can be described as planning‐led,
whereas stand‐alone schedulers work from unfiltered data, with the
operator reacting to schedule quality (due‐date performance, resource
activation levels, etc.) and thence adjusting resource and rerunning.
Ascribes the growth of the stand‐alone scheduler, at least in part, to
the greatly increased computing power available quite inexpensively on
modern equipment.
The employment effects of flexible integrated automation in small
and medium firms
Authors: Calabrese Giuseppe
Published: July 2002

Aims to point out some effects caused by the implementation of
flexible integrated automation on employment in small and medium Italian
firms. Debates some economic theses such as: intra‐firm diffusion,
deskilling labour process, the role of training and, finally, the
creation of technological unemployment. Concludes that the first three
examples of empirical evidence have largely confirmed the theoretical
consensus on the employment effects of flexible integrated automation
implementation. The fourth empirical evidence is, on the contrary, quite
discordant.
Developing integration through total quality supply chain
management
Authors: Levy Paul , Bessant John , Sang Bob , Lamming Richard
Published: July 2002

Interest in the extension of quality management programmes into
customer‐supplier relationships in manufacturing is increasing. The
potential for joint quality improvement initiatives to yield mutual
benefits is increasingly being recognized as a natural development of
internal total quality programmes. Reports on research with eight
suppliers into the telecommunications and electronics industries.
Documents a number of findings in relation to a number of propositions
for effective total quality partnerships. Concludes that such
partnerships are essentially integrating mechanisms for the development
of joint customer‐supplier total quality management. Progress towards
such partnerships is currently limited among the sample of companies
studied.
A computer integrated manufacturing programmed learning environment
Authors: Forrester Paul L. , Tang Nelson K.H. , Hawksley Chris
Published: July 2002

Reviews the wide range of perspectives on the nature, scope and
implications of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). Presents the
main deliverable of a three‐year programme of research conducted by the
Keele Advanced Manufacturing Group. Entitled CIMple (Computer Integrated
Manufacturing Programmed Learning Environment), it comprises a
hypermedia‐based and business‐oriented design methodology to assist the
user in the analysis, design and implementation of CIM systems. Presents
both the underlying models within the methodology and information on how
CIMple is used in practice.
Concept design assessment from specified user needs
Authors: Rodgers Paul A. , Patterson Alastair C. , Wilson Derek R.
Published: July 2002

The actual success or failure of a product is measurable partially
in terms of the commercial success of the organization producing it.
Addresses how to estimate that success at the concept stage of the
design process, prior to detailed design, when there is not yet a
physical artefact, and no definite knowledge of how the market will
respond to it, but simply some representation of it, for example, design
drawings and 3‐D models. Describes a method for approaching this problem
by establishing attributes (in “user terms”) which a product
must have to enable it to achieve success. Presents an example of a
toothbrush, determines the measurable attributes required from this
product and describes methods for their evaluation.
Reporting requirements and performance measures in integrated
approximate factory modelling
Authors: Popplewell Keith , Bing Yu
Published: July 2002

Simulation is an established method of predicting, in detail, the
performance of manufacturing systems at the shop or cell level. Recent
developments in computer hardware and software technology, combined with
methodologies for approximate modelling, allow the extension of
simulation to modelling of complete factories or manufacturing
enterprises. Such applications require appropriate performance measures,
possibly different from those generated in more detailed simulation, to
be derived from the models. Examines the performance measures which can
be usefully predicted by such models, their relationship with one
another, and their propagation through the hierarchical structure of
factory management systems. Applies practically the taxonomy of
performance measures derived to industrial case studies, and includes a
brief example of application.
Rough modelling of logistics networks
Authors: Seppälä Ulla , Holmström Jan
Published: July 2002

The problems associated with supply chains are seldom simply and
easily understood. Many tools and algorithms have been developed to help
decision makers, but the applicability of these tools is limited to
distinct parts of the system or they attempt to comprise the system
resulting in a complicated use of the model. For a decision maker who
wants to understand the problems of a supply chain as a whole and has
limited time resources, only spreadsheet, pen and paper are offered.
Discusses a tool which has been developed to model the logistics
networks quickly and easily and to enable comparison of different supply
chains on a rough level. Uses four principles when building this tool:
reduction of the number of variables, creating a holistic view of the
chain, use of simple calculations and the scenario approach. The tool
for modelling logistics networks has been successfully applied to
different kinds of industries in various problem situations.
A strategic approach to integrated product design for small – to
medium‐sized companies
Authors: Wu Paul S. , Hon Yuen Tam , Fuliang Zhao
Published: July 2002

Examines the research of integrated product design. Several design
strategies and methodologies have been proposed, yet none of them is
particularly suitable for small‐to medium‐sized enterprises. Develops
strategies of integrated product design for small‐ to medium‐sized
companies through the studies of the Hong Kong toy manufacturing
industry. These include strategies for the product design, the assembly
system design and computer‐aided tools. Uses a case study to illustrate
some of the concepts of the integrated product design. Finally,
discusses the application and limitations of the proposed integrated
product design methodology.
Offshore investment strategies and technological upgrading in electronics manufacture in South‐East Asia
Authors: Williams D.J. , Tilley K.J.
Published: July 2002

Explores the operations of US and Japanese electronics manufacturers in South‐East Asia from two perspectives. Uses views from a small number of company headquarters in North America and Japan to build two general strategies for commodity electronics manufacturing in the South‐East Asia region. The result of the US strategy would be to retain core technologies at the home base, while the stated Japanese strategy is to transfer technologies rapidly to offshore sites. Tests these disparate strategies against operational realities in a large study of the manufacturing technology level and R&D capability of electronics manufacturing sites in South‐East Asia. Site observations suggest that there is much commonality between the operational configurations and approaches.
Manufacturing system constructs: the need for resource alignment
Authors: Barker Bob
Published: July 2002

Argues that all manufacturing organizations contain the same basic elements needed to be world class, but some perform much better than others through attention to integration and closer synchronization of value‐adding activity. Considers the evidence that throughput time reduction in the material conversion chain has been most successful when restructuring a company. Managers and all employees, however, need to develop a new mindset which can focus on the manufacturing system constructs that effectively link the value chain. Gives case history results to expand on the problems encountered in developing the value‐adding capability of organizations.
Evaluation of design decisions through CIM and simulation
Authors: Love Doug , Barton Jeff
Published: July 2002

Argues that while engineering decisions can have a significant impact on the fortunes of a manufacturing business, the methods of evaluation currently available are limited in their ability to predict, accurately, comprehensively and reliably, the full financial effect of such decisions. Proposes the creation of a “whole business simulator” (WBS) from the elements of a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system and specialist simulation modules. Argues that the system would be capable of evaluating any engineering decision by generating the time‐phased financial performance of the simulated company in the form of standard accounting reports. Describes a demonstration system which has been developed to prove the viability of the concept.
Finite capacity scheduling tools: observations of installations offer some lessons
Authors: Porter Keith , Little David , Kenworthy John , Jarvis Peter
Published: July 2002

Investigates the efficiency of finite capacity scheduling tools within companies which employ them. Presents research findings of the Liverpool STS Research Group into “best practice” in short‐term scheduling. Concludes with a list of key points drawn from the research.
Advanced technology design, people and organization: experience of Australian industrial collaboration
Authors: Dawson Patrick
Published: July 2002

Examines the experience of Australian industrial collaborative projects. Identifies some of the people and organizational issues which surround the design, development and application of advanced technology. Uses the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s Division of Manufacturing Technology, General Motors‐Holden’s Automotive Limited, James Hardie Irrigation and the Hoover Press Shop in Sydney to illustrate the political nature of collaborative projects and to highlight the processes involved in transferring research innovation into programmes of organizational change. Distils five key lessons from the case studies: first, that the design of appropriate technology is more effective when technical and organizational issues are developed and implemented together; second, that account should be taken of the number of geographical locations, size and complexity of proposed projects; third, that continuity of leadership and personnel is important; fourth, that funding arrangements should be clarified from the outset and short‐term budget justifications minimized; and fifth, that industrial collaborations require continual interpersonal effort and open communication.
Transferring manufacturing technology to China: supplier perceptions and acquirer expectations
Authors: Bennett David , Hongyu Zhao , Vaidya Kirit , Xing Ming Wang
Published: July 2002

Results of complementary surveys of foreign and Chinese manufacturing enterprises with respect to their objectives and expectations regarding technology transfer into China show that the major strategic objective of foreign enterprises, to gain access to the Chinese market, fits well with Chinese enterprises’ main objective of improving domestic competitiveness but less well with that of accessing world markets through technology transfer. Foreign firms rate highly the capability of Chinese enterprises to learn new technologies and also find the Chinese macro environment for business favourable. The survey results provide information that will help managers with their negotiations on co‐operating with prospective partners for the transfer of technology as well as assisting policy makers who wish to facilitate more effective transfer arrangements.
Geometric analysis of parts from a 3‐D solid model for manual assembly times
Authors: Ong Nan‐Shing , Chua Chee‐Kai , Lee Eng‐Wah
Published: July 2002

Presents the development of an AutoCAD development system (ADS) application program for the automatic analysis of parts in mechanical assembly. The primary goal is to provide design engineers with a tool for extracting the part’s characteristics from the 3‐D solid model AutoCAD database. With this information and other non‐geometric information, the time for assembling the part can be determined. Describes the algorithms used to evaluate the rotational symmetries from the solid model database. Twelve 3‐D solid models are designed to evaluate the program capabilities. The overall performance of the program is satisfactory in terms of speed. It also provides a low‐cost PC‐based, fully‐functional alternative to the more expensive workstation‐based analysis program.
A report on the UK cell control marketplace
Authors: Gascoigne J.D. , Zhang B.L. , Weston R.H.
Published: July 2002

Describes a 1995 market survey of 21 UK vendors and users of cell control systems. The market data were collected via the use of a questionnaire which elicited views on: functional requirements of cell controllers; benefits realized through applying cell control technology; operational requirements of cell controllers; factors which constrain the industrial use of cell control technology; and the scale of the cell controller market. The results provide a useful indication of the current size of the UK cell control marketplace and the main areas in which such systems have been successfully applied. They also outline a set of outstanding industrial requirements, knowledge of which can help shape the agendas of research and vendor communities which currently seek to develop the next generation of cell control systems.
The consideration of production aspects during product design stages
Authors: Riedel Johann C.K.H. , Pawar Kulwant S.
Published: July 2002

Reports on research based on the results of a survey of design management in the UK mechanical engineering industry. Considers the issue of which aspects of production were considered in the design of products and when. Demonstrates that at the prototype stage production aspects became the most important. This shows that the manufacturability of the product is not considered until after it has been designed. Concludes that the effective and efficient manufacture of the product is not given sufficient attention by mechanical engineering firms. Also investigates the involvement of production personnel in the design process. Finds that production engineering was more extensively involved in the design process the closer it moved towards manufacture. Points to further research which hopes to address this lack by providing practical tools for the application of concurrent engineering.
Cellular decomposition of manufacturing facilities using resource elements
Authors: Gindy Nabil N.Z. , Ratchev Tsvetan M.
Published: July 2002

The decomposition of production facilities into efficient cells is one of the areas attracting increasing research attention due to the performance benefits which cellular manufacturing offers. One of the problems associated with cell formation is the restrictive character of the existing task formalization models resulting in most cases from the use of single machine tool routeings in representing the component requirements. In contrast, the industrial reality provides a more complex picture with multiple choice of processing routeings in terms of available machine alternatives which need to be considered in order to achieve an “optimum” cellular decomposition of manufacturing facilities. Presents a facility decomposition approach based on multiple choice of processing alternatives for each component. The decision making is based on a generic description of the component processing routeings using unique machine capability patterns ‐ “resource elements”. Manufacturing cells are formed using concurrent fuzzy clustering methodology and a validation procedure for selection of the “optimum” facility partition.
A sequential model for concurrent expansion in machinery and buildings using reinvested earnings
Authors: Aderoba Adeyemi
Published: July 2002

Gradual phasing out of manual methods through sequential substitution of machines may well represent the only viable manufacturing strategy option for many job shops particularly in developing countries. For such job shop projects with limited capital, investment in buildings and machines needs to be phased so as to benefit from added capital from reinvested earnings. Describes a dynamic integer model suitable for such investment scheduling. Suggests that the model was solved with a readily implementable heuristic which employs suitable decision rules for scheduling machinery purchases and factory space construction in modular units. The model will find ready application in emerging job shop projects of many developing countries.
Integrated application in CAD/CAM, scheduling and control
Authors: Woie Chang Jau , Ping Luh Yih , Shyong Chiou Shean
Published: July 2002

Integrates CAD/CAM, production control and process control in a case study involving manufacturing automation. The manufacturing firm is a distributed cellular system operating in a produce‐to‐order environment. Combines a parametric CAD software with global variables and global relations to achieve a design automation. Results obtained from design automation are transmitted to update the design model and the associative manufacturing model. In addition, scheduling and control are also integrated in the system. Distinguishes three scheduling levels: static scheduling, rescheduling, and real‐time scheduling. For a distributed and effective reason, the distributed shifting bottleneck procedure (DSBP) is adopted as the static scheduler and rescheduler, and the LRPT (longest bottleneck processing time) despatching rule is adopted as the real time despatching rule. FInally, introduces the configuration of the system including the flexible manufacturing cell architecture and the input buffer device. Uses a PLC programming toll that follows the IEC 1131‐3 standard to implement cell controllers. The above implementation aims to easily and effectively execute the CIM system.
Achieving a successful EIS: linking TQM and best practice
Authors: Zairi Mohamed , Oakland John , Chang Shyh‐Ho
Published: July 2002

An executive information system (EIS) is a high‐reward, high‐risk project and is often developed with high expectations which end in failure. There exist significant barriers to the creation of a successful EIS. However, as more lessons are learned from previous failed attempts, many innovations have been put in place by EIS practitioners to overcome these barriers. This article presents an empirical study to find out what the significant barriers are and how best practices have been adopted to achieve a successful EIS implementation. By linking the implications of best EIS practice to TQM disciplines, a model of successful EIS implementation is proposed.