bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among physicians in Russian Federation on the model of Tomsk Region
Authors: Kobyakova O. S. , Kulikov E. S. , Deev I. A. , Almikeyeva A. A. , Pimenov I. D. , Starovoitova E. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To determine the frequency and structure of risk factors (RF) for chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs) among physicians in the Tomsk Region.

Material and methods. The questionnaire was compiled based on the methodological guidelines “Monitoring of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in practical healthcare”. The questionnaire was provided in electronic format and posted on the site http://www. golosaonline.ru/medto.

Results. Doctors of the Tomsk region revealed a high frequency of such RF for CNCDs as chronic as hypodynamia (45,7%), improper feeding (67,6%) and overweight (34,7%).

Conclusion. The study showed that the frequency of RF for CNCDs in a Tomsk region was lower than the same one in general population. However, there is a need to develop practical guidelines for healthcare workers.
Heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes in relation to cardiovascular risk
Authors: Druzhilov М. A. , Kuznetsova Т. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Obesity is associated with numerous metabolic disorders, the development and progression of a wide range of conditions and diseases, primarily cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. One of the widely discussed phenomena of the association of obesity with cardiovascular diseases, their complications and mortality is the phenomenon of “heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes in relation to cardiovascular risk”. Currently, two main phenotypes have been identified — metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity. At the same time, not only the expediency of separation, but also the existence of this phenotype is widely discussed today. The article provides an overview of existing approaches to the verification of metabolic phenotypes of obesity and data relating to the epidemiology and the association of metabolically healthy obesity with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and death, and also discusses the factors that determine the features of the obesity phenotype.
Echo-cardiographic parameters for atrial fibrillation in combination with acute coronary syndrome in real clinical practice according to register of acute coronary syndrome in the Krasnodar region
Authors: Tatarintseva Z. G. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Porhanov V. A. , Kruchinova S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To evaluate patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in combination with atrial fibrillation (AF) according to the total register of ACS in the Krasnodar region of echocardiographic (EchoCG) parameters (left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), as well as coronary substrate assessment according to coronary angiography (CAG) and determination of the relationship between the value of LVEF and the coronary substrate.

Material and methods. From the register of the ACS in the Krasnodar region, patients were successively taken to the cardiology departments of Krasnodar regional clinical hospital № 1 for the period from November 20, 2015 to November 20, 2017 with a diagnosis of ACS, accompanied by one of the types of atrial fibrillation. This group of patients was designated as a group of ACS + AF and amounted to 119 patients. The comparison group was selected with the help of a random number generator from patients admitted to the hospital with ACS and intact sinus rhythm (SR) for the period of time from November 20, 2015 to November 20, 2017 (120). We analyzed the ECHO-CG parameters, the coronary substrate — according to the CAG.

Results. When comparing the cohort of patients with ACS + AF with the cohort of patients with ACS + SR, we determined a significant (p<0,05) difference of LA size, LVEF and values of PASP. During comparing the presence of hemodynamically significant stenosis in the coronary arteries we noticed that in ACS + AF patients with LVEF <40% in significantly higher percentage of cases (p=0,0007) occurs significant hemodynamic stenosis of coronary arteries, in contrast to the group of patients with ACS + SR with LVEF <40%. In patients with EF >40% and ACS + SR we determined a significantly more frequent (p<0,001) stenosis.

Conclusion. The results of the analysis are important for understanding the distinguishing characteristics of patients with ACS that occur on the background of AF, which is important for correct prediction of the course of the disease. The maintenance of the ACS register will provide information on the real clinical course of the disease, as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment in real clinical practice.
What is this Article about? Extreme Summarization with Topic-aware Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Narayan Shashi , Cohen Shay B. , Lapata Mirella
Published: September 2019

We introduce "extreme summarization," a new single-document summarization task which aims at creating a short, one-sentence news summary answering the question "What is the article about?". We argue that extreme summarization, by nature, is not amenable to extractive strategies and requires an abstractive modeling approach. In the hope of driving research on this task further: (a) we collect a real-world, large scale dataset by harvesting online articles from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC); and (b) propose a novel abstractive model which is conditioned on the article's topics and based entirely on convolutional neural networks. We demonstrate experimentally that this architecture captures long-range dependencies in a document and recognizes pertinent content, outperforming an oracle extractive system and state-of-the-art abstractive approaches when evaluated automatically and by humans on the extreme summarization dataset.
Declining the Big East: A Case Study of the College of the Holy Cross
Authors: Weaver Anthony G
Published: September 2019

Abstract          The case study examines Holy Cross’ decision not to join the Big East Conference in 1979. Specifically, the case analyzes the commitment to a marketing strategy to de-emphasize athletics at a time when many institutions were using the growth of television to help market their university brand. The study also highlights the impact the decision has had on the institution and the athletic department since 1979. Data were gathered by interviewing two former administrators with over 50 years of experience at Holy Cross, and reviewing archival data and documents including administrators’ correspondence and letters, newspaper articles, magazines and websites related to Holy Cross athletics. Themes are presented in a chronological format to show the sequence of each theme. Results indicated that although the Big East presented many opportunities, administrators valued the academic brand of the institution and refused to sacrifice that brand in the pursuit of big-time athletics.
The use of cellular matrix in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Abbassy Abir Aly , Trebinjac Suad , Kotb Nehad
Published: September 2019

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative "wear and tear" disorder affecting mainly population over 50 years old. It can also present in younger people, especially after an injury or as a part of other diseases. While many therapeutic options exist for knee osteoarthritis, none of them has the potential to cure this condition. Cellular Matrix represents a combination of natural non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA), thixotropic cell separation gel, and sodium citrate anticoagulant solution. A combination of Cellular Matrix with autologous platelet-rich plasma (A-PRP) is a novel therapeutic approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis. It is assumed that the active components HA and PRP have a synergistic effect contributing to a better therapeutic outcome in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy could provide an additional benefit. This is a retrospective pilot study assessing the potential benefit of Cellular Matrix and A-PRP combined with physiotherapy in the management of chronic knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the study and injected with three doses of Cellular Matrix combined with A-PRP with a time span of 2 weeks between each injection. All patients received standardized physiotherapy. The results showed that 68% of patients achieved more than 50% improvement in pain, stiffness, and function of the knee joints. There were no adverse reactions. This retrospective pilot study confirmed the positive effect of PRP and HA combination in the management of mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis. These preliminary results need to be verified in randomized control trials.
Diagnostic significance of hormonal, biochemical and echographic methods in postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer
Authors: Garashova M. A. , Alieva E. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim: to evaluate the significance of hormonal, biochemical, and echographic methods in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Materials and methods. Fifty patients (aged 62.4 ± 1.0) with endometrial cancer of varying severity and 20 practically healthy postmenopausal women (aged 68.0 ± 0.7) were examined. All patients underwent hormonal, biochemical, and echographic examinations.

Results. At the period of this study, 68 % of patients had stage I cancer, 30 % had stage II, and 2 % – stage III endometrial cancer. In the medical history of examined patients, the incidence of abortion was 46.8 %, the rate of childbirth – 70.0 %, the infertility rate – 14.9 % (n = 7). A statistically significant decrease in the luteinizing/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (0.69 ± 0.09), an increase in the levels of prolactin (467.3 ± 35.1 ng/ml), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (92.9 ± 14.4 pg/ml), estrone (101.60 ± 6.29 ng/ml), progesterone (1.90 ± 0.52 ng/ml), as well as a decrease in estradiol (17.4 ± 3.4 pg/ml) and total testosterone (0.50 ± 0.02 ng/ml) in comparison with the practically healthy postmenopausal women (control group) were found. According to the echographic examination, a pathological increase in the endometrium thickness (24.9 ± 2.7 mm) was detected against the background of uterus and ovaries enlargement. The biochemical parameters in patients with endometrial cancer in the postmenopausal period were within the normal range.

Conclusion. The risk of endometrial cancer is high in elderly women with an increased body mass index. Evaluating of their hormone levels is of diagnostic and prognostic importance in endometrial cancer. Transvaginal sonography is an accurate diagnostic method for assessing the tumor invasion into the myometrium of patients with endometrial cancer.
Antimicrobial peptides in pregnant women with TORCH infections
Authors: Narimanova G. V. , Shakhverdieva I. D. , Kerimova I. A. , Jafarova G. A.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Analysis for TORCH infections is ordered to simultaneously detect several common infections: Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (syphilis, hepatitis B, chickenpox, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus and some others), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus. Contracting a TORCH infection in pregnancy triggers the synthesis of immune factors including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

Aim: to determine the levels of AMPs – lactoferrin, defensin, endotoxin, BPI (bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein) and hepcidin – in the blood serum of pregnant women with TORCH infections.

Materials and methods. The main group included 40 pregnant women with TORCH infections; in 33 of those, pregnancy continued until full-term delivery, and 7 women had miscarriages at the end of the first trimester. The comparison group consisted of 29 pregnant women free of TORCH infections. Blood for AMP measurement was taken in all pregnant women in the first trimester and in women with an ongoing pregnancy also in the III trimester. The control group consisted of 19 healthy non-pregnant women. Serum AMP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results. In pregnant women with TORCH infections, there was an increase in the serum levels of lactoferrin, defensin, hepcidin, BPI, and endotoxin; the increase was most pronounced in the first trimester of pregnancy. The decrease in AMP levels observed in the III trimester could be due to the antiviral treatment given to the patients in order to prevent the immunological rejection of the embryo and maintain the normal course of pregnancy.

Conclusion. The increased level of AMPs reflects the enhanced activity of the immune system and represents one of the pathogenetic links of spontaneous abortion.
JAK2V617F-positive clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in pregnant women
Authors: Olkhovskiy I. A. , Garber J. G. , Gorbenko A. S. , Stolyar M. A. , Miller O. M. , Kostina E. S. , Komarovskiy Yu. Yu. , Potilitsina V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim: to assess the prevalence of V617F somatic mutation of the JAK2 gene in pregnant women.

Materials and methods. This non-interventional study was performed in the framework of routine clinical practice and included 1532 samples of venous blood from pregnant women who applied for medical assistance at Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Welfare. We used blood samples left after all routine laboratory tests had been done. These leftovers were pooled in the way that ensured an equal ratio of nucleated cells. Each pool contained 7 separate blood samples. The unused samples that remained after the pooling were frozen and stored at –20°C until the end of entire testing procedure. The V617F JAK2 mutation was detected by the real-time allele-specific polymerase chain reaction test.

Results. Among the examined pregnant women, 6 (0.4 %) were identified as carriers of V617F JAK2 mutation. Three women with this mutation suffered from infertility for 4, 5, and 10 years; two of them had repeated miscarriages in the first trimester of pregnancy. The 6 women – carriers of this mutations had no concomitant genetic polymorphisms typical of thrombophilia (factors FII, FV), and no abnormal coagulation characteristics. Analysis of their medical records showed that in the past, two of these women had gestational hypertension, one developed a clinical picture of preeclampsia, and another one (with the maximum presence of the mutant allele) had a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by stable remission.

Conclusion. The routine laboratory detection of the V617F JAK2 mutation can facilitate timely identification of the increased risk of pregnancy pathology, as well as timely diagnosis of hematological cancer.
Vaginal biocenosis in pregnant women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis after treatment with recombinant human interferon alpha-2b
Authors: Podgornaya A. V. , Makhmutkhodzhaev A. Sh.
Published: September 2019

Introduction.Preventing recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy is an important issue in current obstetrics.

Aim:to assess the effect of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b on the incidence of recurrent BV during pregnancy and on the bacterial, cytokine, and antimicrobial components of the nonspecific vaginal immunity.

Materials and methods.The study included 80 pregnant women with recurrent BV, 40 of whom (the main group) were treated with recombinant human interferon alpha-2b in the first half of pregnancy and after 30 weeks of pregnancy in addition to standard therapy (metronidazole or clindamycin). The other 40 women (control group) did not receive this interferon drug. Patients of the both groups were examined for the rate of BV recurrence and also tested for their vaginal bacteria and levels of β-defensin-2 (HBD-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Results.Treatment with recombinant human interferon alfa-2b led to a 3-fold reduction in the occurrence of repeated episodes of BV and an increase in the content of lactobacilli (7.24 ± 0.33 and 7.03 ± 0.40 in patients with interferon therapy and without it, respectively; p = 0.013) mainly due to Lactobacillus crispatus (7.14 ± 0.69 in women who received interferon alfa-2b, compared with 6.36 ± 0.95 in patients on standard therapy; p = 0.003) and a decrease in the number of some types of anaerobes. Also, the use of interferon alpha-2b in pregnant women with recurrent BV led to an increase in the content of IL-1β by 2.5 times, IL-6 by 3.5 times, IL-10 by 1.5 times, INF-γ by 2 times, and HBD-2 by 4 times.

Conclusion.Treatment of recurrent BV during pregnancy with recombinant human interferon alfa-2b, aimed at boosting the nonspecific vaginal immunity helps reduce the incidence of recurrent BV.
Etiopathogenetic risk factors for stroke in pregnant women
Authors: Bayanduryan E. A. , Samburova N. V. , Anichkova E. V. , Shkoda A. S. , Bitsadze V. O.
Published: September 2019

Stroke is a severe thrombotic condition that can occur in women of reproductive age during their pregnancy. Physiological changes that occur during gestation, childbirth and the postpartum period predispose a woman to the development of thrombotic complications. However, the true causes of cerebrovascular accidents are not fully understood. More than 50 % of strokes occur in the absence of obvious risk factors. The article reviews etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of cerebral blood flow disorders and factors contributing to this condition in pregnant women.
Treatment of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy with estriol: a scientific update for 2014–2018
Authors: Makatsariya A. D. , Blinov D. V. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh.
Published: September 2019

Due to the increase in life expectancy, today, most women live in a state of estrogen deficiency for more than a third of their life time. According to the recent document on the stages of aging of the female reproductive system (the STRAW+10 working group), there are three main stages that include the reproductive period, the menopausal transition, and postmenopause. One of the most common manifestations of postmenopause is vulvovaginal atrophy or genitourinary syndrome, which leads to a dramatic decrease in the woman’s quality of life. Up to 45 % of postmenopausal women suffer from this disorder, and 80 % of them experience a negative impact on their quality of life. The main symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy are dryness, itching, burning, and dyspareunia. Caution must be exercised in relation to “silent” atrophy, which is not manifested by subjective complaints of vaginal mucosa atrophy, and can only be visualized by colposcopy. According to the recommendations of the International Menopause Society (IMS), updated in 2016, therapy should be started before the atrophic changes become irreversible; the treatment should continue for a long time to maintain the achieved therapeutic effect. If no symptoms other than vulvovaginal atrophy are noted, local estrogen therapy is indicated. Estriol has advantages over other medications due to its lower affinity for estrogen receptors. In earlier studies as well as those updated here (2014–2018), estriol applied topically as a vaginal cream or vaginal suppositories, has a selective effect on the urogenital tract and practically does not interfere with the proliferation of the uterine endometrium. The confirmed efficacy and safety of estriol allow for its permanent use, beginning with the starting dose and then switching to the maintenance one.
Significance of detecting antiphospholipid antibodies and genetic mutations of hemostasis for in vitro fertilization
Authors: Linnikov V. I.
Published: September 2019

A case of pregravid preparation is described for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt in a woman after four previous IVF failures. Considering her personal and family aggravated medical history, including the family anamnesis, the patient underwent a hemostasis examination including a test for genetic mutations. A high titer of antiphospholipid antibodies of various types and multigene mutations associated with thrombophilia were found. For the treatment of acquired and inherited thrombophilia, vitamin-antioxidant and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was initiated as well as a course of hirudotherapy. After starting of pregnancy throughout the gestation period, anticoagulant therapy by low molecular weight heparins, antiplatelet, and antioxidant therapy was carried out; in parallel, D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin and platelet aggregation markers of thrombophilia were monitored. Pregnancy successfully ended by childbirth at 39 weeks.
Venous thrombosis in pregnant women: genetic and epigenetic risk factors
Authors: Elalamy I.
Published: September 2019

The most common cause of thrombosis isischemic heart attack, the second one is stroke, and the third one is venous thrombosis. According to European studies, venous thrombosis accounts for about 12 % of the population’s deaths. The pathogenesis of thrombosis is well presented in the form of the Virchow’s triad; that includes damage to the vascular endothelium, hypercoagulation and stasis. A pregnant woman is deficient in fibrinolytics and excessive in procoagulants. Pregnancy can be seen as a natural example of the Virchow’s triad: the woman develops a state of hypercoagulation only because she is pregnant. Hypercoagulable state in pregnant women directly correlates with age, genetic thrombophilias, and autoimmune diseases. The formation of a blood clot may be associated with genetic factors, the so-called familial thrombophilias. This type of thrombophilia is caused by abnormalities in the genes that carry information about proteins involved in blood coagulation – proteins C and S, antithrombin III, Leiden mutation, prothrombin anomaly G 202110A. Thus, thrombosis is the result of an interaction between genetic and acquired risk factors or a combination of them. This is confirmed by the RIETE data registry. It is highly advisable to identify patients at risk and determine the strategy of managing these patients with the least dangerous consequences.
Book review: “It Starts with the Egg” by Rebecca Fett
Authors: Makatsariya A. D.
Published: September 2019

The licensed edition of Rebecca Fett's book, “It Starts with the Egg” has been published in Russian. Given its medical contents, it seems important to evaluate the information contained in the book from the perspective of a practicing obstetrician-gynecologist, focusing on the problem of miscarriage and pregravid preparation. Importantly, the book is based on evidence-based medicine: although the book is intended for a wide scope of readers, it contains a list of primary references similarly to that in peer-reviewed journals.

The author analyzed and summarized the data from over 60 scientific articles. Although based on primary academic sources, the author used a simple and understandable language to explain the complex pathogenesis of infertility and the manipulations used in the assisted reproductive technology (ART).

The book consists of 3 parts; each of them contains several chapters reviewing the causes of reproductive disorders and the ways to correct them. The first part addresses the reasons for poor quality of women’s eggs. The second part describes nutraceuticals and dietary supplements that can improve the quality of eggs. The third part of the book examines the diet, which helps improve this quality. A step-by-step action plan for improving reproductive function is also presented. The basic plan is suitable for those who are just thinking about pregnancy and those who have no reason to expect any difficulties, as well as for couples who have been struggling with infertility for several years. The mid-level plan is intended for those who already have some concerns about conceiving, but are not yet aware of personal problems with their reproductive function, as well as for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or irregular ovulation. The plan for those having serious problems is intended for women with recurrent miscarriage, as well as for couples with a decrease in the ovarian reserve who are trying to get pregnant using in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Despite some remarks regarding the role of vitamin D and magnesium in pregravid preparation, the book contains a large number of useful and balanced recommendations that can improve the woman’s health and increase her chances to get pregnant and give birth to a healthy baby. Therefore, the book can be recommended for a wide range of readers.
From the history of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kiryushkina D. A.
Published: September 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological disease manifested in polycystic ovarian morphology, oligo/ anovulation, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, alopecia, and acne. PCOS affects 5–10 % of women of reproductive age. The first histological description of polycystic ovaries was made by Antonio Vallisneri. Then, Kronid Fedorovich Slavyanskiy, for the first time, described the clinical picture of PCOS, and Sergey Kuzmich Lesnoy proposed ovary wedge resection for surgical treatment. Irving Stein and Michael Leventhal studied the PCOS symptom complex and provided the recommendations on its diagnosis and treatment to restore normal menstrual cycle and fertility in such patients.
Influence of l-type slow calcium channels blockers on cardiac, respiratory and motor activity at the intact and poisoned by physostigmine (eserine) of rats during the early ontogeny
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Kuznetsova Nataliya N. , Gaydukova Polina A.
Published: September 2019

The effects of calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) (verapamil, nifedipine) on heart rate, respiration rate and motor activity were studied in 3-30-day-old rats. The role of calcium channels in development of disturbances of a heart and respiratory rhythms after introduction to newborn rats of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor of physostigmine was revealed. Parameters of functional activity of heart, respiratory and somatomotor systems in case of blockade of calcium channels were studied also under conditions of the activation of cholinoceptive structures caused by an injection to infant rats of AChE inhibitor after premedication by CCBs. It is shown that use of calcium channels blockers leads to development of bradycardia, and verapamil causes more expressed disturbance of a heart rhythm in rats of younger age, while blockade of dihydropyridinic receptors by nifedipine has no ontogenetic specifics. Similar ontogenetic dynamics concerns also reaction of respiratory system. Verapamil have a detrimental effect on respiration, up to a stop, in 3-7-day-old and to a lesser extent in 16-30-day-old infant rats. Nifedipine slightly reduces a respiration rate at younger infant rats, but raises it at the mature rats. The nifedipine injection more in comparison with verapamil changes the level and a pattern of motor activity. Preliminary blockade of calcium channels does not render significant change of reaction at the subsequent introduction of physostigmin.
Eryptosis (quasi-apoptosis) the human red blood cells. Its role in medicinal therapy
Authors: Vaschenko Vladimir I. , Vil’yaninov Vladimir N.
Published: September 2019

In the course of circulation erythrocytes can test damages, which compromises their integrity and thus triggers suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis. This mechanism is characterised by cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, and cell membrane phospholipid scrambling after phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface that is identified by macrophages, which engulf and degrade the eryptotic cells. The term eryptosis also includes typical mechanisms, which contribute to the triggering of this process, such as oxidative stress, Ca2+ entry with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity and the activation of p38 kinase, which is a kinase expressed in human erythrocytes and activated after hyperosmotic shock. Enhanced eryptosis has been observed in several clinical conditions such as diabetes, renal insufficiency, haemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anaemia, beta-thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, Wilson’s disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, and phosphate depletion. Therefore, eryptosis may be considered as a useful mechanism of removal of defective erythrocytes to prevent haemolysis. Moreover, the clearance of infected erythrocytes in diseases such as malaria may counteract parasitemia. Indeed it is known that sickle-cell trait, beta-thalassemia trait, G6PD-deficiency and iron deficiency confer some protection against a severe course of malaria. Importantly, strategies to control Plasmodium infection by inducing eryptosis are not expected to generate resistance of the pathogen, as the proteins involved in suicidal death of the host cell are not encoded by the pathogen and thus cannot be modified by mutations of its genes. However, excessive eryptosis could compromise microcirculation and lead to anemia. Besides, adhesion of eryptosis erythrocytes to a vascular wall also can lead to microcirculation infringement.Thus, modern representations about eryptosis expand our knowledge about the programmed death of blood cells and is more directed to create new therapeutic schemes of treatment of patients.
Reciprocity between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreactive structures of liver tissue in conditions, in substrates and in products of free radical oxidation of liver lipids in 5-day period of cooling in rats
Authors: Tikhanov Viktor I.
Published: September 2019

The effects of administration of cholinotropic agents (neostigmine, hexamethonium, pilocarpine, atropine, nicotine) on liver tissue after 5-day period of cooling of rats were compared. The analysis of the conditions inducing lipid peroxidation (LPO), the analysis of the substrate components of the LPO in liver, and the evaluation of the LPO products content in 5-day period of cold loads were made. The data obtained indicate on the contradirectory effects when pilocarpine and nicotine were administered to animals, as well as after administration of atropine and hexamethonium to animals. There was the similar effects after administration of both pilocarpine and hexamethonium and both nicotine and atropine in conditions of activated LPO assessed by substrate components of LPO in the liver after 5-day cooling. On the basis of these results, a hypothesis of reciprocity between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreceptors located on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes in the LPO processes of the liver during the period of cold loads has been formulated.
Cellular mechanisms of hypoxia development in the tissues of experimental animals under varying characteristics of vibration exposure
Authors: Vorobieva Viktoriya V. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the work was to study the primary bioenergetic mechanisms of hypoxia formation in the myocardial tissue of experimental animals depending on the differentiated physical characteristics of vibration (frequency and duration) and their combination. The study of the functional states of native mitochondria in the composition of the tissue homogenate was carried out using the polarographic method and a galvanic-type closed-oxygen sensor in a 1-ml thermostatic cuvette in a salt incubation medium. The metabolic states of the mitochondria of the myocardium of experimental animals were modeled in vitro during the oxidation of endogenous substrates (before and after the administration of inhibitors of different links of the respiratory chain), with varying exogenous energy substrates (before and after the introduction of 2,4-DNP into the cell). In order to ensure synchronism of measurements in a short time, an incomplete cycle of metabolic states “endogenous respiration → rest → activity” was used. The results of multiple comparisons of variations in kinetic parameters revealed a reliable but multidirectional effect of the frequency of vibration on the rate of oxidation of substrates of the mitochondria of the heart of rabbits in different metabolic states. A change in the duration of exposure to vibration showed an increase in the oxidation rate of endogenous substrates and succinic acid at rest to 21–56 sessions by 17% and 24. 4%, respectively, while the oxidation rate of glutamate decreased to 56 sessions by 24. 5%. Comparison of the general variability of kinetic parameters with a combination of frequency and duration of vibration at different levels of variation showed that it was the interaction of factors that made the most important and significant contribution to the intergroup variability of oxidation rates of endogenous and exogenous substrates, identifying signs of the formation of bioenergetic hypoxia and allowing analysis of the primary physical transformation phenomena in the biological effect.
Promising antihypoxant in a range of complex zinc-containing derivatives of nicotinic acid
Authors: Gneushev Igor M. , Pozhilova Elena V. , Katunina Natalia P.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the work was to study the antihypoxic properties of a number of complex zinc-containing compounds of nicotinic acid under the code πQ. The experiments were performed on male mice of the SHR line. Antihypoxic properties of compounds were studied on 4 models of acute hypoxia (hypoxia with hypercapnia, hypobaric, hemic, and histotoxic). It was found that the compound πQ-1043 in the dose spectrum of 10-100 mg/kg effectively increases the life expectancy of animals in all models of acute hypoxia. The compound πQ-1043 at a dose of 25 mg/kg reduces the oxygen consumption and rectal temperature of animals, which can be a key factor in its anti-hypoxic action. The compound does not change glycolytic carbohydrate metabolism in animals under normal conditions, but corrects these changes in acute hypoxia. Substance πQ-1043 maintains a high content in the blood of erythrocytes and hemoglobin under hypoxic conditions. The lethal dose 50 of the compound πQ-1043 applies to moderately toxic chemicals. It is assumed that the complex zinc-containing derivative of nicotinic acid πQ-1043 is a promising compound for the development of an effective drug for the correction of hypoxic states of different genesis.
To the mechanisms for the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications using regional methods of anesthesia
Authors: Zabrodin Oleg N. , Strashnov Viktor I.
Published: September 2019

The article presents data on the mechanisms of development of vascular thrombosis, in particular, thromboembolic complications: 1. endothelial inyury or endothelial dysfunction; 2. slowing the flow of blood and its stagnation; 3. violation of the coagulation and anticoagulation blood systems. In accordance with paragraphs 1–3 the effects of regional anesthesia – epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications are considered.
Anestezistlerin geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıbba bakışı, bilgi ve uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZGÜNAY Seyda Efsun , ÖZCENGİZ Dilek
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, anestezi doktorlarının geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp  (GETAT) uygulamalarına bakışı, kişisel deneyim, mesleki uygulama alanları ve aldıkları eğitimi belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Türkiye’deki ulaşılabilen anestezi öğretim üyesi, uzman ve asistan doktorlara elektronik posta ile anket formu gönderilmiştir. Araştırmada demografik özellikler yanısıra, GETAT uygulamasına bakış, güven ve klinik kullanımları ile ilgili sorulara ek olarak bu konuda üniversitede eğitime bakışları, aldıkları eğitimler, bilimsel yayınları ve prospektif yayın ihtiyacı ile ilgili toplam 24 soru sorgulandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya 462 katılımcı dahil olmuştur. Anestezistlerin %75.3’ü sorguladığımız GETAT yöntemlerini kullanmıyordu. Katılımcıların %61.3’ü kadındı. Anestezistler tarafından en çok uygulanan, en fazla bilgisi olunan, güvenilen ve eğitimi alınan GETAT yöntemi akupunktur idi (sırasıyla, %12, 71.9, 72.9 ve %17). Katılımcıların %75.4’ü ise mesleğinde en az bir GETAT yöntemini kullanmak istiyordu. Kronik ağrı ve anksiyete kullanımı bilinen endikasyonların başında belirtildi (sırasıyla, %67.5 ve %62.6). Üniversitelerde eğitim verilmesine katılımcıların %53’9’u olumlu yanıt verdi.Sonuç: Türkiye’de anestezistlerin çoğunluğu mesleğinde geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıbbı kullanmaya sıcak bakmaktadır. Eğitim ile birlikte klinik uygun ortam sağlandığında geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarının artacağını düşünüyoruz.
Bakım Değerlendirme Ölçeği'nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliği
Authors: ESKİMEZ Zehra , ACAROĞLU Rengin
Published: September 2019

Amaç:
Çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bakım davranışlarına yönelik algılarını
belirlemek üzere Patricia Jean Larson tarafından 1981 yılında geliştirilen ve
hemşirelik literatüründe yer alan ilk kantitatif bakım değerlendirme aracı olan
Bakım Değerlendirme Ölçeği ’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının
yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, metodolojik özellikte olup, İstanbul
İlinde bulunan devlet üniversitelerine bağlı bir hemşirelik fakültesinde öğrenimlerini
sürdüren 250 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile Bakım Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler; dil eşdeğerliği geri-çeviri yöntemi;
içerik geçerliği (content validity) uzman görüşüne başvurularak; güvenirliği,
zamana göre değişmezliği (test-tekrar test güvenirlik/test-retest reliability)
ve iç tutarlılığı (internal consistency) test edilerek; geçerliği ise yapı
geçerliği (doğrulayıcı faktör analizi) ile sınanmıştır.Bulgular: Ölçeğin geçerlik- güvenirlik çalışması doğrultusunda, Ki-kare uyum
istatistiği değeri=2.61 ve Uyum iyiliği değeri RMSEA=0.080’dir. Test-tekrar
test korelasyonu r=0,42-0,59; Cronbach alfa=0,79-0,92; Madde toplam korelasyonu
ise r =0,62-0,84  olarak belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Bakım Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Türk toplumu için
kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır.
Prevalence and predictability of domestic violence against Iranian women
Authors: VASEAİ Fariba , NAMDAR ARESHTANAB Hossein , EBRAHİMİ Hossein , ARSHADİ BOSTANABAD Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Domestic violence against women is a common hidden problem worldwide. Previous studies showed that it provides severe physical and psychological health problems for them. In addition, it imposes many costs to the health system of countries. The identification of risk factors of domestic violence is the first step of strategy for its managing and preventing. The purpose of this study is determined the prevalence and chronicity of domestic violence and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics of women who refer to Health Centers.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 547 women referring to Health Centers. Sampling was done in the conventional method and data collection tools were demographic and CTS2 questionnaire.Results: Most of the participants (98.5%) had experienced violence in a past year. The highest and lowest of violence was the dimension of negotiation (97.7%) and injury (10.5%) respectively. The family income sufficiency, marital satisfaction was an important predictor for domestic violence against women.Conclusion: Domestic violence had a high prevalence. Empowering of the staff of Health Centers, using standard screening tools and preventive interventions are recommended.
Bir üniversite hastanesinde karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakım gereksinimi miktarı ve nedenleri
Authors: İLASLAN Nagihan , YILDIRIM ŞİŞMAN Nuriye
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, bir üniversite hastanesinde karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakım gereksinimi miktarı ve nedenlerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki çalışma, Mart-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan ve çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllük esasına dayalı olarak kabul eden 94 hemşire ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda oluşturulan anket formu ve Karşılanmayan Hemşirelik Bakım Gereksinimi Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Sıklıkla karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakımlarının, hastayı günde üç kez veya gerektiği kadar ayağa kaldırma/dolaştırma (%41), düzenlenen disiplinler arası bakım konferanslarına katılma (%41),  hastaya ve/veya hasta yakınlarına duygusal destek verilmesi (%40) ve taburcu olan hastanın kullanacağı ilaçların dozu, alınma zamanı ve yan etkilerinin hasta ile birlikte gözden geçirilmesi (%33) olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışılan birim  ve karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakım gereksinimi kavramı hakkında bilgi sahibi olma durumu  ile karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakım gereksinimleri arasında; hemşire sayısı yeterliliğini algılama ile karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakım hizmetlerinin nedenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu  bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Karşılanmayan hemşirelik bakımı, hemşirelik bakımının kalitesini olumsuz etkilemekte ve hasta güvenliğini riske sokmaktadır. Kavramın yapılacak çalışmalarla yakından ele alınması ve bu doğrultuda uygun protokollerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Vardiya sistemiyle çalışan hemşirelerin uyku kaliteleri
Authors: DENİZ DOĞAN Sevgi , ARSLAN Sevban , AYDINGÜLÜ Nursevim , KOPARAN Halil , GÜLŞEN Muaz
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma vardiya sistemi ile çalışan hemşirelerin uyku kalitesini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, Mart-Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde vardiya sistemi ile çalışan hemşireler ile tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 243 hemşire örneklemi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden hemşirelerden kişisel bilgi formu ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin, yaş ortalamasının 27,00±6,03 olduğu, %78,6’sının kadın olduğu, %57,2’sinin bekar olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmada hemşirelerin Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi’nden aldıkları puan ortalaması 12,70±4,27 (min: 3; maks: 20) olarak belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin uyku kalitesinin çocuk sahibi olma, gelir düzeyi, düzenli ilaç kullanma, ek iş yapma, gece nöbetinde zorluk yaşama, sosyal hayat ve aile ilişkileri değişkenlerinden etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda vardiya sistemi ile çalışan hemşirelerin uyku kalitelerinin düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin uyku kalitesinin artırılmasında aralıklı vardiya ile çalışmanın faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda yöneticilerin duyarlılığını artırmak amacıyla farklı vardiya sistemiyle çalışan hemşirelerden oluşan daha büyük örneklemlerle yapılacak benzer çalışma sonuçlarının duyurulması önerilebilir.
Suriye sivil savaşında meydan gelen maksillofasiyal yaralanmalara cerrahi yaklaşım
Authors: UÇAK Murat
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Suriye sivil savaşında yaşanan çatışmalar ve patlamalar maksillofasiyal yaralanmaları (MFY) önemli ölçüde arttırdı. Bu çalışmada Suriye’de yaralanarak ülkemize getirilen ve opere edilen maksillofasiyal yaralanmaları değerlendirdik.Gereç ve Yöntem: Temmuz 2016'den Şubat 2018'e kadar tedavi gören toplamda 42 Suriyeli MFY hastası çalışmaya alındı. Maksillofasiyal yaralanmaları hastalarının demografik verileri, hastane yatış süreleri ve yaralanma şiddetleri değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Maksillofasiyal yaralanmalar füze ve şarapnellerden kaynaklanıyordu. Yaralanma tipleri; penetran 38 (90,4%), perfore edici 36 (85,7%) ve ateşli 8 (19%) şeklindeydi. Dört MFY hastasında ağız içi ve diş yaralanmaları mevcuttu. Yaralanmalar 17 olguda orta ve 22 hastada şiddetli olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların 31’ünde LeFort II ve III tipi kırık mevcuttu.Sonuç: Suriye Savaşında penetran ve perfore edici LeFort tipi kırık ve yaralanmalardaki yüksek oran, acil durumlarda müdahale ve cerrahi yaklaşımın ideal şekilde uygulanabilmesi için maksillofasiyal yaralanma cerrahisinde tecrübenin artması gerekmektedir.
Relationship between liver histology and platelet parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: ÇOŞGUN Cihat , KARABULUT Alpaslan , YILMAZ Barış , KÖSEOĞLU Hüseyin , DEMİR Emre
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Many noninvasive tests have been studied for the diagnosis and determining the liver fibrosis score. In this study, we aimed to research the correlation of platelet parameters and stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Materials and Methods: A total of 140 biopsy-proven naive CHB cases were included in the study. HBV-DNA level, liver enzymes and function tests, white blood cell count, platelet parametres, hemoglobin, histological activity index (HAI) and other routine biochemical parameters were tested. Patients were divided into two groups as F0-2 and F3-6 with Ishak scoring system according to the severity of liver fibrosis.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups F0-2 and F3-6 in terms of, platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT). There was a significant difference between these two groups for HAI, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), age and lymphocyte (LYM) parameters. The formulation of (AST x Age x LYM) / √PLT)which was formed from many different combinations, was investigated in order to be used in predicting the liver fibrosis stage. Conclusion: Although our new index is more sensitivitythan other noninvasive scoring systems, it is needed to have a larger sample size in patients with severe stage liver fibrosis in order to be used safely as a noninvasive marker.
Akut koroner sendromda kontrast nefropati gelişimi ile Syntax Skoru arasındaki ilişki
Authors: BAĞCI Ali , AKSOY Fatih , BAŞ Hasan Aydın
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada  akut koroner sendrom tanılı hasta grubunda Syntax (SYNergy between PCI with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) (SS) skorlama sistemi ile kontrast nefropatisi (KN) gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi  tespit etmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya Şubat 2016 ile Eylül 2017 tarihleri arasında akut koroner sendrom (AKS) tanısı konmuş  koroner yoğun bakım ünitesinde takip edilen hastalar retrospektif olarak alındı. Koroner angiografi (KAG) yapılmayan veya kabul etmeyen hastalar, daha önceden KABG (koroner arter baypas greft) olan hastalar, orta-ciddi kalp kapak hastalığı olan hastalar ve diyalize giren hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. Bu şartları sağlayan toplam  360 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalar kontrast nefropati gelişen ve gelişmeyen olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrast nefropati gelişiminin bağımsız belirteçleri çoklu regresyon analizine ile belirlendi.Bulgular:  Hastaların 273 (%78)'ı erkek idi. Hastaların 79 ‘unda   (%22)  KN geliştiği tesbit edildi. Syntax Skoru  KN   gelişenlerde 16,2±8,5, gelişmeyenlerde 13,5±8,2 olarak tespit edildi. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonucuna göre yaş (Olasılık Oranı=1,04; %95 Güvenlik Aralığı= 1,00-1,08), opak miktarı (Olasılık Oranı= 1,05; %95 Güvenlik Aralığı= 1,03-1,06), Syntax skoru (Olasılık Oranı= 1,86; %95 Güvenlik Aralığı=1,81- 1,91),  KN gelişmesi için bağımsız belirteçler olarak bulundu.Sonuç: Akut koroner sendrom tanısıyla koroner anjiyografi ve perkutan koroner işlem yapılan hastalarda SS ile KN arasında ilişki tespit edildi. Bu çalışmada yaş, SS ve  kullanılan opak miktarının KN gelişimi ile bağımsız ilişkili olduğu gösterildi.