bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COAST PROFILES ON A RECEDING COAST PROTECTED BY GROYNES
Authors: Sorensen Torben
Published: June 2017

When a continuously receding sandy coast is protected by groins the immediate result is a considerable reduction of the rate of recession of the coastline chiefly due to a reduction in the beach drift. This fact is generally accepted and has been confirmed empirically under prototype conditions. However some disagreement still seems to exist regarding the long term effect of groynes under the conditions mentioned above. Clearly, the groynes do not directly affect the sand transport at some distance seaward of the groynes and therefore erosion seaward of the groynes will continne to occur after the construction of the groynes. Since the coastline and the depth contours must eventually attain the same rate of movement some coastal engineers have drawn the conclusion that the effect of groynes on a receding coast will be of a temporary character only. This reasoning is obviously rather superficial. A better understanding of the manner in which the coast profile develops after the construction of groynes may be obtained by considering the fundamental physical factors involved in the sand transport outside the breaker zone (the offshore bar).
LA DEFENSE ET LE MAINTIEN DES PLAGES BELGES ENTRE ZEEBRUGGE ET LA FRONTIERE NEERLANDAISE
Authors: Verschave J.E.L.
Published: June 2017

Plus a l'ouest la cote se trouvait egalement au nord du trace" actuel. Au nord de Wenduine se trouvait le hameau de Harendijke Au nord de Blankenberge se trouvait le village de Scarphout ; au nord de Heist le village de Coudekerke, au nord de Knokke le village de Reygersvliet, etc . . . . Le debut du 14e siecle est caracte"rise" par une serie de tempetes violentes qui modifient serieusement les cotes et l'estuaire de l'Escaut occidental. En 1334, par une mare'e tempete violente, Scarphout et Coudekerke disparurent en mer. En 1337, une nouvelle mare'e tempete sevit et plusieurs villages sur les lies de Wulpen et Schooneveld sont engloutis. A cette epoque, le Comte de Flandres, Jean Sans Peur, fait construire les digues de defense le long du littoral flamand. Ces digues s'appellent encore aujourd'hui les digues du Comte Jean. En 1404, le hameau de Harendijke au nord de Wenduine disparut de la carte.
THE DIKES OF THE POLDERS IN THE IJSSELMER
Authors: Klasema M. , Jong C.H.de
Published: June 2017

Since the circumstances on the Ijsselmeer will change by the reclamation works, observations on the present lake cannot directly be used for the determination of the cross-sections of the dikes protecting the reclaimed land. The method of obtaining the necessary data (water level, wave attack) is discussed, as well as the determination of the design level. A reasoned description is given of a typical cross-section of a polderdike.
WAVE HEIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Boiten E.H.
Published: June 2017

The equipment was designed to obtain data from sea waves. It was developed by the Organization for Applied Scientific Research at Delft in coordination with the Royal Dutch Navy. The intention of the measurements with the wave height measuring equipment was to establish a correlation between the sea motion and the movements of a ship, which is steaming in that sea. So wave measurements and measurements of the ship movements were always carried out simultaneously. To have the movement of the ship free from the position of the wave meter, a telemetering system was chosen to transmit the data from the wave meter. The receiving and recording instruments are placed on board the ship.

The first measurement was made in December 1958. At that moment, the wave meter consisted of a buoy assembly in which was mounted a transmitter coupled with an accelerometer. The accelerometer measured the accelerations of the wave meter in a direction perpendicular to the water surface. The carrier of the transmitter was direct frequency modulated by the signal of the accelerometer. After this measurement it became desirable to gather more data from the sea waves. For that reason the instrumentation of the wave meter was extended with a gyro, which measures the slope of the waves. The slope is determined by the angles of the water surface with respect to the horizontal plane in two directions perpendicular to each other. The angle signals frequency-modulate two subcarriers, which in their turn amplitude-modulated the transmitter carrier . With this more complicated equipment a measurement was made in November 1959. In this paper a description is given of the instrumentation of the wave meter and the receiving and recording equipment as it is at the present with a slightly changed modulating system. As the data from the wave meter could be used to study only the wave motion apart from the ship, it seems reasonable to present this paper at this conference.
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DUE TO WAVE ACTION
Authors: Hom-ma Masashi , Horikawa Kiyoshi
Published: June 2017

The sediment movement in the littoral zone occurs

in the form of bed load (material rolled and pushed

along the bottom by shear stress) and suspended load (material maintained in suspension by action of waves and currents). The present paper is concerned with studies through both the field and laboratory investigations intended to determine the concentration

patterns of suspended sediment due to action of surface waves. The distribution patterns of suspended

sediment sampled at an open coast were highly interesting in relation to functional and structural design of the cooling water intake system for the atomic power plant now being under construction at the Pacific Ocean coast of Tokai, Ibaragi Prefecture, Japan.

As far as the authors are concerned, the clear

relationship between hydraulic conditions, such as

height and period of waves, water depth, water temperature, etc., and sediment characteristics has not yet been established, although a number of researches have been conducted in the laboratory and in the field.
MEDICIONES DE ARENA EOLICA EXTRAIDA DE LA PLAYA DE SANTA ROSA POR DEFLACION
Authors: Broggi Jorge
Published: June 2017

For cientos de kildmetros la asfaltov£a Panamericana Roosevelt recorre nuestro litoral, sucesidn alternada de acantilados rocallosos con otros areno-arcillosos o de grava compacta alternando con playas en su mayor parte o de grava suelta o sea guijarros. El viento sur dominante, llamado Virazdn por los marinos, es poco perceptible en las maflanas y particularmente intenso en las tardes, con r^fagas de velocidades que llegan a pasar 5 m/s. (metros por segundo), viendose entonces que extrae la arena seca de las playas para llevarla tierra adentro hasta centenares de metros sobre el nivel del mar, invadiendo en su camino poblados y v£as de comunicacion con acumulaciones a veces masivas o sea de dunas edlicas, que dificultan y encarecen el transporte y la vida de los pobladores pues caminos, v£as ferreas y pueblos quedan parcialmente sepultados en forma tal que solo a fuerza de brazos se logra descubrirlos pues las dunas extienden su pesado manto de muerte y desolacidn deseYtica a grandes sectores de nuestra Costa o sea playas y a£reas inmediatas.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DUNE BUILDING WITH SAND FENCES
Authors: Savage Rudolph P
Published: June 2017

In 1957 the State of North Carolina, in cooperation with the Beach Erosion Board and the Wilmington District of the Corps of Engineers undertook an experimental dune building study on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The experimental study consists of the construction of various types and arrangements of sand fences to determine the fence type and arrangement most effective in building a dune by trapping windblown sand. Four miles of experimental fencing were constructed in 1960. During the following year, four sets of profiles were made to determine the sand accumulation of the fences and a rather intermittent wind record was made in the area. The performance of the various fence types and arrangements has been compared and some conclusions have been reached concerning the best fence type and arrangement.
A SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WAVE MOTION ON A RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATER SLOPE
Authors: Brandtzaeg Anton
Published: June 2017

In the improvement of design criteria for the layer of cover blocks on rubble mound breakwaters important advance has been made in recent years (l), (2), (3). Still, some points seem to require further study, among them the effect of the specific weights of block material and fluid on the stability of the cover. In this respect the magnitude of the fluid accelerations involved, of which little information is available may be of some importance. For evaluation of the acceleratic as well as for other purposes, a roughly approximate mathematic description of the motion of the water rushing up and down the breakwater front may be of some use. This motion certainly is neither steady nor uniform. Visual and photographic observation through the glass panel a wave channel seems to indicate, however, that unsteadiness the more important characteristic of the motion during the up and downrush proper. It seems reasonable, therefore, to att€ a first approximation to a description of the motion by neglecting, to a certain extent, its non-uniformity. Necessarily, the same time also the requirement of continuity must be partly disregarded. In the following a mathematical model based on this point of view is presented for consideration. It is believed that by means of this model values of displacements, velocity and accelerations can be calculated, which may reasonably be considered as useful, although quite rough, approximations t< the actual values. For a few particular cases, experimental evidence is reported. The model has reference only to the up- and downrush proper, that is, to the motion of the water above some limit level, at or somewhat below the Still Water Line (referred t< hereafter as the StflL). The motion below this level, where tl downrush meets the oncoming next wave, could hardly be conee of as being uniform.
THE "TETRAPOD"
Authors: Daniel P. , Greslou L.
Published: June 2017

The Tetrapod was invented twelve years ago and the first breakwater with a Tetrapod protection was built eleven years ago. It is felt that a review of the results since obtained with these artificial blocks may be of some interest, preferably in the form of an objective practical examination of the behaviour of Tetrapod-protected structures during the past few years, and of the way in which they have stood up to bad weather during the period. First, however, a brief description will be given of the development of the Tetrapod and the Tetrapod technique.

Most breakwaters are of the rubble-mound type, because of the very good hydraulic properties of this type of design ; the seaward slope, roughness and "porosity" of their facings are generally such as to ensure the gradual destruction of wave energy, reduce wave overtopping and reflection and minimize toe erosion risks.
THE MARCH 1962 STORM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: O'Brien M.P. , Johnson J.W.
Published: June 2017

As far back as 1635, records show that the East Coast of the United States has repeatedly suffered from severe storm damage (McAleer , 1962). Most of these storms appear to have been of the hurricane type. Such storms generally form in the Atlantic to the east of the Bahama Islands and move eastward and then turn northward to sweep along the Atlantic Coast line (Fig. 1). Along the southern part of the Atlantic Coast the hurricanes move relatively slowly; damage results principally from flooding caused by direct wind action. North of Cape Hatteras the hurricanes move more rapidly (speeds of 40 to 50 miles per hour) and damage is largely due to sudden flooding from a rapidly moving storm surge (Simpson, 1962). The combination of storm surge, wind-driven water, and storm waves inundating large areas along the coast has on numerous occasions caused great damage and loss of life. The great Atlantic Coast storm of March 1962, however, differed in character from the usual hurricane. It proved to be the most disastrous winter coastal storm on record, causing damage from southern New England to Florida. This storm, of relatively large diameter and having gale force winds, remained nearly stationary off the Coast for almost 36 hours . The size and location of the storm, as further discussed below, was such that persistent strong northeasterly winds blowing over a relatively long fetch raised the spring tides (maximum range) to near-record levels. The tidal flooding which attended this storm was in many ways more disastrous than that which accompanies hurricanes (Cooperman and Rosendal, 1962). The storm surge in tropical cyclones

generally recedes rapidly after one or two high tides, but the surge accompanying this storm occurred in many locations on four and five successive high tides .' The great destruction was caused by high waves and breakers superimposed on these high tides.
DESIGN OF HURRICANE FLOOD PROTECTION WORKS ON THE UPPER TEXAS COAST
Authors: Davis Albert B.
Published: June 2017

One of the recurring natural phenomena that causes enormous damages in the destruction of property and loss of lives on the upper Texas Gulf coast is the tropical hurricane. The terrific wind velocities, overflowing tide surges and tremendous waves that accompany these disturbances are overwhelming in their devastating effects on manmade structures. In 1955> the Congress of the United States directed that a comprehensive study be made of hurricanes on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts and of means for protecting coastal areas from their destructive effects. Under this authorization, the Corps of Engineers has made extensive studies of hurricane behavior and frequency and of means of preventing loss of human lives and damages to property. The Weather Bureau cooperated fully in the studies of hurricane characteristics and phenomena. This paper concerns the studies and the design of protective, structures at Texas City on the upper Texas coast. The location of Texas City with respect to the Gulf of Mexico is shown on figure 1.
DESIGN OF DEEP DRAFT NAVIGATION CHANNEL FROM GULF OF MEXICO INTO MATAGORDA BAY, TEXAS
Authors: Weiser E.A. , Armstrong Jack
Published: June 2017

It was in July 1956 when the senior writer of this paper was requested to prepare a program for investigations and studies required in connection with the proposed deep-draft channel from the Gulf of Mexico to Point Comfort. During 1938 to 19^0, the senior writer had attempted to analyze the available field and model study data which were then available on Galveston Bay in the hope of thus being able to reduce the shoaling in the various deep draft channels in Galveston Bay. In 19^0, the senior writer had been in charge of two field parties one of which measured the flow of water in the Colorado River and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway near their crossing near Matagorda, Texas. A peak discharge of about 80,000 cubic feet per second was measured in the Colorado River at the Palacios Road bridge, about 15 miles upstream from its mouth during this period. At that time there were no locks nor gates in the Intracoastal Waterway adjacent to the Colorado River. It was found then that about one third of this peak river discharge flowed southwest through the Intracoastal Waterway. On the basis of the above experience and the information obtained from a review of the Matagorda Ship Channel, Texas, project report (l) and other literature, then, available (2) thru (5) a program was formulated in June 1958 and submitted to the Division Engineer in Dallas with the request that the Office of the Chief of Engineers, the Southwestern Division Engineer Office, the Beach Erosion Board and the Committee on Tidal Hydraulics review the program.
TOPOLOBAMPO IDEAS PARA UN ANTEPROYECTO DE MEJORAMIENTO
Authors: Dublan Fernando
Published: June 2017

Situado en la costa del Estado de Smaloa de la Republica Mexicana, es uno de los puertos del Golfo de California o Mar Bermejo. Sus coordenadas - geograficas son: 25° - 36' - 01" latitud norte y 109° - 02' - 52" longitud oeste. Sus mstalaciones portuarias mteriores son escasas y deficientes, porque las limitaciones que la barra impone a la navegacion de altura, no justifican hoy dia obras de mayor magnitud a las actuales, smo hasta que resuelto convenientemente el acceso para barcos hasta de 11 m. de caladc deba contarse con muelles e mstalaciones apropiadas. Esta ampliamente comunicado con el centro, este y norte del pais y con Estados Unidos de Norteamerica, tanto por ferrocarril como por carretera y por aire, ademas de que por agua sostiene comunicacion maritima. Su prometedor hinterland, el reciente ferrocarril Chihuahua-Pacifico y otros factores favorables, conduciran necesariamente a hacer de Topolobampo un puerto moderno, bien planeado y suficientemente capaz en sus servicios maritimos, realizaciones estas que esta reclamando un potencu futuro proximo. Esperanzado en estos hechos, me uno a los buenos propositos de los ingenieros portuarios mexicanos, para contribuir con mi ponencia, a fijar ideas respecto a la solucion de Topolobampo como puerto de primer; categoria.
PHENOMENA AFFECTING IMPROVEMENT OF THE LOWER COLUMBIA ESTUARY AND ENTRANCE
Authors: Lockett John B.
Published: June 2017

This paper describes work undertaken to improve the lower Columbia Estuary and Entrance for navigation and discusses past concepts of phenomena controlling the regimen of this area as related to these improvements. Recent advances in technology have given birth to a new concept of tidal hydraulic phenomena which emphasizes the relation of salinity intrusion and littoral movement to the degree of shoaling experienced in estuarine areas. The findings of prototype measurements undertaken in 1959 along the lower Columbia, and other endeavors to expand the knowledge of controlling phenomena, including statistical wave studies, analyses of offshore changes, studies of attrition and accretion of adjacent shorelines, and comprehensive investigations of the distribution of Columbia River sediments are reviewed in the light of this new concept. Authorization, construction and verification of the comprehensive lower Columbia Estuary hydraulic model are discussed, as well as tests proposed for identification of controlling phenomena and for development of the most effective and economical plan of improvement. Finally, the paper summarizes the extent of present knowledge and outlines considerations for the future under conditions of controlled upland discharge resulting from contemplated headwater reservoir operation.
EL TRANSPORTE DE LOS SEDIMENTOS MARINOS DE LITORAL
Authors: Blasquez Luis
Published: June 2017

Se considera el oleaje como producido por la transmision sin desplazamiento, de vibraciones moleculares que participan tanto del movimiento ondulatono longitudinal como del transversal, y tienen las caracteristicas prmcipales explicables con la teoria trocoidal de Gerstner modificada y movimiento orbital cercano al concebido por Stokes y desarrollado por Levi-Civita. El autor propone una nueva teoria que llama de la multiondulacion coincidente. El poder de transporte en cualquier sitio del oceano, no contradice la teoria trocoidal ni la multiondulatona, proque es debido a esfuerzos locales del viento que pueden impulsar dentro y fuera del fech en determmado momento, las crestas de las olas y producir efectos de turbulencia y corrientes hidrodmamicas, distmtas a las vibraciones, que cambian tambien localmente sus propiedades.
TRANSFORMATION, BREAKING AND RUN-UP OF A LONG WAVE OF FINITE HEIGHT
Authors: Kishi Tsutomu
Published: June 2017

On studying the transformation, breaking and run-up of a relatively steep wave of a short period, the theory for waves of permanent type has given us many fruitful results. However, the theory gradually loses its applicability as a wave becomes flat, since a considerable deformation of the wave profile is inevitable in its propagation.

In § 1, a discussion concerning the transformation of a long wave in a channel of variable section is presented based on the non-linear shallow water theory. Approximate solutions obtained by G. B. Whitham's method (1958) are shown. Further, some brief considerations are given to the effects of bottom friction on wave transformation.

In § 2, breaking of a long wave is discussed. Breakings on a uniformly sloping beach and on a beach of parabolic profile are considered and the effects of beach profile on breaking are clarified. Finally in § 3, experimental results on wave run-up over l/30 slope are described in comparing with the Kaplan's results.
An Interactive Fluid–Solid Approach for Numerical Modeling of Composite Metal Foam Behavior under Compression
Authors: Kaushik Aman , Rabiei Afsaneh
Published: October 2024

Composite metal foams (CMF) are renowned for their high strength‐to‐density ratio, high stiffness, and energy absorption capabilities. Homogenized finite element models of CMF have been numerically solved to understand the mechanical behavior of the material under a variety of external loading conditions. This work aims to pioneer a comprehensive finite element model for steel–steel composite metal foam by incorporating the interactions between embedded stainless‐steel hollow spheres with entrapped air inside stainless‐steel matrix. The material behavior of hollow spheres, surrounding matrix, and air are modeled using Johnson–Cook (JC) plasticity, Deshpande–Fleck (D–F) foam, and linear polynomial equation of state in LS DYNA. Further, the finite element model utilizes a combination of Lagrangian solid elements and meshfree smooth particles hydrodynamics with appropriate contacts to effectively model the interaction of entrapped air within stainless‐steel hollow spheres with surrounding metallic spheres and matrix. The strain rate and the crosshead velocity of 65 s−1 and 2.4765 m s−1 are used for quasistatic compression analysis. Finally, the results obtained from the computational model are compared and validated using previously reported experimental quasistatic compression data. The numerical model corroborates stress–strain response of CMF with 5.6% error for plateau stresses average within 25% and 30% strain.
Synergistic Vertical Graphene‐Exsolved Perovskite to Boost Reaction Kinetics for Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Du Juwei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Wenyu , Shi Xiaojun , Gong Yansheng , Wang Rui , Wang Huanwen , Jin Jun , Zhao Ling , He Beibei
Published: October 2024

Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) hold significant promise for flexible electronics due to their high energy density and low cost. However, their practical application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER/ORR). This study highlights a novel design of vertical graphene arrays (VGs) anchored on PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.8Ru0.2O5+δ (PBSCRu) perovskite nanofibers, fabricated via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Notably, the VG growth induces the exsolution of Co nanoparticles from the PBSCRu perovskite, resulting in a unique PBSCRu‐Co‐VG heterostructure. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that constructing PBSCRu‐Co‐VG heterojunction regulates interfacial electronic redistribution, thereby lowering energy barriers for both OER and ORR. As a result, the PBSCRu@VG‐5 electrocatalyst exhibits superior stability and higher peak power density in both liquid and flexible solid‐state ZABs compared to the pristine PBSCRu electrocatalyst. This protocol advances the integration of synergetic perovskite/metal/graphene composites, offering considerable potential for next‐generation energy conversion technologies.
Wrinkled Shrinkage on Surface Monophasic Structure of Floating Refractory Alloy Droplets Solidified in Space Environment
Authors: Liu Dingnan , Wang Haipeng , Liao Hui , Chang Jian , Wei Bingbo
Published: October 2024

The surface‐wrinkled shrinkage structure of spheres is very common and also quite intriguing to explore and reveal the analogous droplet solidification kinetics in the space environment. Here, a liquid‐to‐solid phase transition experiment of floating refractory alloy droplets is designed to study the surface wrinkled shrinkage structures aboard China Space Station with a 10−5 gravity level. The experimental Ti‐Ni‐V alloy droplets undergo an extremely high overheating temperature beyond 1800 K and then achieve a supercooling of 307 K, displaying a strong thermodynamic metastability. The spherical surface deformation structures of this alloy under microgravity coupled with extreme metastable solidification are explored. Moreover, through the active control of metastable rapid solidification, a surface monophasic structure and a B2 structure capable of stress‐induced martensitic transformation are facilitated by wrinkled shrinkage dynamics under microgravity. Their findings shed further light on the surface deformation structures during the microgravity solidification process.
Achieving Broadband Microwave Shielding, Thermal Management, and Smart Window in Energy‐Efficient Buildings
Authors: Tan Shujuan , Guo Shennan , Wu Yue , Zhang Taichen , Tang Jiameng , Ji Guangbin
Published: October 2024

Energy‐efficient building materials are eye‐catching for reducing indoor energy consumption via eliminating electromagnetic interference and pollution, controlling the thermal transfer, and promoting sunlight harvesting and providing a comfortable living environment. To realize broadband microwave shielding, the elaborate control of microstructures has showed great potential and research direction. By composition regulation and structure design with various dimension, the synergistic effects including conductive networks, interfacial polarization, magnetic coupling, dipole polarization, and dielectric‐magnetic synergy, can significantly improve electromagnetic (EM) shielding capacity. Thermal management including thermal conversion, thermal storage, thermal radiation, and thermal conduction has enormous potential in enhancing the sustainability and energy efficiency for future buildings. Smart windows are able to switch optical transmittance and colors, which is contributed to saving building energy. Herein, in this review, the recent progress of broadband shielding, thermal management, and smart window in the field of energy‐efficient buildings is summarized, from the aspects of materials, mechanisms, and scenarios. Further, the main bottlenecks and problems are discussed, and potential research opportunities are further highlighted.
1 × N All‐Logic Optical Switch Based on Polymer Platform Using Multimode Interferometer
Authors: Zeng Guoyan , Zhang Daming , Wang Fei , Wang Xibin , Yin Yuexin
Published: October 2024

The compact and broadband optical switch with a large port count is demanded with the increasing communication capacity. In this article, a universal method for modeling the 1 × N switch using multimode interferometer (MMI) through transmission matrixes is proposed. Herein, the reasons for the narrowing of the operating bandwidth switch are analyzed. As a proof of concept, a wide bandwidth 1 × 4 switch, which has an insertion loss lower than 23.7 dB, and a cross talk better than −10 dB at 1550 nm are simulated, designed, and fabricated. The cross talk throughout the C band is lower than −8.5 dB. According to the experimental result, the 1 × 4 switch with four‐equal‐length modulating arms shows a 32 nm bandwidth for −10 dB cross talk which is 13 times larger than traditional switch. The switch realizes a multi‐port logic optical switch by modulation. The 1 × N switch based on the generalized Mach–Zehnder interferometer (GMZI) structure reduce the footprint significantly compared with the 1 × N switch consisting of a 1 × 2 switch cascade. It is believed that 1 × N switch based on GMZI structures is a promising solution to increase integration density.
Modular Multi‐Parametric and Portable Readout System for Point‐of‐Care Applications
Authors: Khan Dibyendu , Wijakmatee Thossaporn , Sriram Aniruddha , Nikookhesal Aidin , Weinhold Elmar , Shimoyama Yusuke , Pachauri Vivek , Ingebrandt Sven
Published: October 2024

A portable, battery‐powered, multi‐purpose readout system for combined optical and thermal measurements is presented. The system is modular with four independent input channels for different measurement schemes, allowing simultaneous multi‐parameter measurements to detect analytes of interest. Combined optical and thermal readout for spectroscopy is implemented by installing two different analog front‐end modules in the four input channels equipped with a micro spectrometer and a high‐resolution temperature sensor, respectively. The readout system is utilized to measure fluorescence signals of a common dye functionalized on gold nanoparticle‐DNA conjugates as a function of the temperature. Gold nanoparticles are modified with Guanine‐rich DNA sequences to perform Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements. Elongation of DNA sequences at higher temperatures resulted in stronger fluorescence signals, accurately recorded by the portable system. The precision electronic components are chosen for a precise, battery‐powered operation. The size of this versatile, compact, and portable instrument is only 15.6 × 10.6 cm2. An interactive graphical‐user‐interface developed for this system supports point‐of‐care usage. The measurements carried out with the portable system showed a very close match with a commercial set‐up, with deviations less than 1 nm in the optical spectra and less than 0.5 °C in temperature.
ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis‐Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Du Yuyang , Wu Shasha , Xi Shaoyan , Xu Wei , Sun Liangzhan , Yan Jingsong , Gao Han , Wang Yanchen , Zheng Jingyi , Wang Fenfen , Yang Hui , Xie Dan , Chen Xi , Ou Xijun , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs in the context of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Methylation of histone is an important epigenetic mechanism, but it is unclear whether histone methyltransferases are potent targets for fibrosis‐associated HCC therapy. ASH1L, an H3K4 methyltransferase, is found at higher levels in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatoma cells. To determine the role of ASH1L in vivo, transgenic mice with conditional Ash1l depletion in the hepatocyte cell lineage (Ash1lflox/floxAlbcre) or HSCs (Ash1lflox/floxGFAPcreERT2) are generated, and these mice are challenged in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced model of liver fibrosis and HCC. Depleting Ash1l in both hepatocytes and HSCs mitigates hepatic fibrosis and HCC development. Multicolor flow cytometry, bulk, and single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing reveal that ASH1L creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Mechanically, ASH1L‐mediated H3K4me3 modification increases the expression of CCL2 and CSF1, which recruites and polarizes M2‐like pro‐tumorigenic macrophages. The M2‐like macrophages further enhance tumor cell proliferation and suppress CD8+ T cell activation. AS‐99, a small molecule inhibitor of ASH1L, demonstrates similar anti‐fibrosis and tumor‐suppressive effects. Of pathophysiological significance, the increased expression levels of mesenchymal ASH1L and M2 marker CD68 are associated with poor prognosis of HCC. The findings reveal ASH1L as a potential small‐molecule therapeutic target against fibrosis‐related HCC.
Cross‐Scale Decoupling Kinetic Processes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using the Multi‐Dimensional Distribution of Relaxation Time
Authors: Cai Xue , Zhang Caiping , Ruan Haijun , Chen Zeping , Zhang Linjing , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Li Weihan
Published: October 2024

To non‐destructively resolve and diagnose the degradation mechanisms of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is necessary to cross‐scale decouple complex kinetic processes through the distribution of relaxation times (DRT). However, LIBs with low interfacial impedance render DRT unreliable without data processing and closed‐loop validation. This study proposes a hierarchical analytical framework to enhance timescale resolution and reduce uncertainty, including interfacial impedance reconstruction and multi‐dimensional DRT analysis. Interfacial impedance is reconstructed by eliminating simulated inductive and diffusive impedance based on a high‐fidelity frequency‐domain model. Multi‐dimensional DRT decouples solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and charge transfer (CT) processes by the reversibility of electrochemical reactions with state of charge (SOC) to characterize electrode kinetic evolution driven by SOC and temperature through timescales and peak area. The findings reveal that reconstructed impedance improves the accuracy of identified time constants by ≈20%. Cross‐scale DRT results reveal that SOCs below 10% at 25 °C effectively distinguish electrode kinetics due to the high correlation between cathodic CT and SOC. Kinetic metrics characterize that anodic SEI or CT are different control steps limiting the low‐temperature performance of different cells. This work underscores the potential of the proposed framework for non‐destructive diagnostics of kinetic evolution.
The S2 Pocket Governs the Genus‐Specific Substrate Selectivity of Coronavirus 3C‐Like Protease
Authors: Zhou Junwei , Sun Peng , Yang Zhixiang , Wang Taiquan , Guo Jiahui , Qiu Runhui , Li Zhuang , Wei Dengguo , Zheng Jinshui , Peng Guiqing , Fang Liurong , Xiao Shaobo
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus 3C‐like protease (CoV 3CLpro) is essential for viral replication, providing an attractive target for monitoring the evolution of CoV and developing anti‐CoV drugs. Here, the substrate‐binding modes of 3CLpros from four CoV genera are analyzed and found that the S2 pocket in 3CLpro is highly conserved within each genus but differs between genera. Functionally, the S2 pocket, in conjunction with S4 and S1′ pockets, governs the genus‐specific substrate selectivity of 3CLpro. Resurrected ancestral 3CLpros from four CoV genera validate the genus‐specific divergence of S2 pocket. Drawing upon the genus‐specific S2 pocket as evolutionary marker, eight newly identified 3CLpros uncover the ancestral state of modern 3CLpro and elucidate the possible evolutionary process for CoV. It is also demonstrated that the S2 pocket is highly correlated with the genus‐specific inhibitory potency of PF‐07321332 (an FDA‐approved drug against COVID‐19) on different CoV 3CLpros. This study on 3CLpro provides novel insights to inform evolutionary mechanisms for CoV and develop genera‐specific or broad‐spectrum drugs against CoVs.
Bismuth‐Tin Core–Shell Particles From Liquid Metals: A Novel, Highly Efficient Photothermal Material that Combines Broadband Light Absorption with Effective Light‐to‐Heat Conversion
Authors: Seyda Dogu , Dincer Orcun , İnce Duygu , Cugunlular Murathan , Unalan Husnu Emrah , Çınar Aygün Simge
Published: October 2024

This study presents a pioneering investigation of hybrid bismuth‐tin (BiSn) liquid metal particles for photothermal applications. It is shown that the intrinsic core–shell structure of liquid metal particles can be instrumentalized to combine the broadband absorption characteristics of defect‐rich nano‐oxides and the high light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency of metallic particles. Even though bismuth or tin does not show any photothermal characteristics alone, optimization of the core–shell structure of BiSn particles leads to the discovery of novel, highly efficient photothermal materials. Particles with optimized structures can absorb 85% of broadband light and achieve over 90% photothermal conversion efficiency. It is demonstrated that these particles can be used as a solar absorber for solar water evaporation systems owing to their broadband absorption capability and become a non‐carbon alternative enabling scalable applications. We also showcased their use in polymer actuators in which a near‐infrared (NIR) response stems from their oxide shell, and fast heating/cooling rates achieved by the metal core enable rapid response and local movement. These findings underscore the potential of BiSn liquid metal‐derived core–shell particles for diverse applications, capitalizing on their outstanding photothermal properties as well as their facile and scalable synthesis conditions.
Stimulating Chiral Selective Expression of Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Chirality Recognition
Authors: Gao Zhisheng , Yan Xin , Jia Qi , Zhang Jingru , Guo Guangyao , Li Huanhuan , Li Hui , Xie Gaozhan , Tao Ye , Chen Runfeng
Published: October 2024

Chiral recognition is crucial for applications in chiral purity assessment and biomedical fields. However, achieving chiral recognition through visible room temperature phosphorescence remains challenging. Here, two chiral molecules, designated as host and guest are synthesized, which possess similar structural configurations. A viable strategy involving a chiral configuration‐dependent energy transfer process to enable selective phosphorescence expression is proposed, thereby enabling chiral recognition in a host‐guest doping system. The chiral and structural similarity between host and guest facilitates efficient Dexter energy transfer due to the reduced spatial distance between the molecules. This mechanism significantly enhances the intensity of red phosphorescence from the guest molecule, characterized by an emission peak at 612 nm and a prolonged lifetime of 32.7 ms. This work elucidates the mechanism of chiral‐dependent energy transfer, demonstrating its potential for selectively expressing phosphorescence in chiral recognition.
Improved Electrode Performance Using Fine‐Tuned Poly(arylene piperidinium) Ionomers In Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Novalin Timon , Pan Dong , Nikolić Nikola , Eriksson Björn , Pérez‐Trujillo Juan Pedro , Lagergren Carina , Lindbergh Göran , Jannasch Patric , Lindström Rakel Wreland
Published: October 2024

Ionomers based on poly(arylene piperidinium)s with varying ion exchange capacities are evaluated in different combinations of anode and cathode electrodes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The operational conditions are chosen with an asymmetrical regime including a dry anode with 50% relative humidity at the inlet, and full humidification at the cathode. Polarization and impedance measurements are carried out in potentiostatic steps within 0.3–0.9 V and distribution of relaxation times analysis is utilized to deconvolute resistance contributions. The results show that the best cell performance is achieved with both electrodes utilizing an ionomer with the highest ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.79 meq g−1. Cells built exclusively from this ionomer achieved a peak power density of 1.01 W cm−2. Deconvolution of the resistance contributions revealed the impact of water content on the effective charge transfer resistance in both electrodes and a diffusion resistance associated with the movement of water from anode to cathode side. The higher conductivity and water uptake of the high IEC ionomer resulted in a reduction of both resistance contributions, leading to the highest performance under the conditions evaluated. These findings provide important insights into how to tailor the electrode layers for optimum fuel cell output.
Rapid and accurate identification of multiple metal ions using a bispyrene‐based fluorescent sensor array with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission property
Authors: Zheng Haoran , Ma Hainan , Sun Haolin , Zhang Lina , Zhang Xiaoyu , Sun Ruimeng , Wang Han , Xu Guo‐Yang , Wang Lei , Qi Yanfei
Published: October 2024

Multiple metal ions are traditionally detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Although these methods are sensitive and accurate, they depend on complex instruments and require highly trained operators, making low costly rapid detection challenging. It is urgent to develop a convenient, rapid and sensitive method to detect multiple metal ions. Herein, we designed a bispyrene derivative (BP) with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) property to construct a high fluorescent sensor array to realize the effective identification of four metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+). The differential coordination capability between metal ions and BP with the aid of acetate ions resulted the possibility of array‐based sensing. The four heavy metal ions could be immediately classified in the concentration of 100 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ were as low as 16.2, 21.8, 51.4, and 25.9 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor array was applied for identification multiple heavy metal ions in environmental samples and iron ion in rat serums with identified of 100%. The sample consumption as low as 2 µL for each detection and the results could be extracted by smartphones under ultraviolet lamps. It provided a rapid, sensitive, low‐cost, and on‐site multiple metal ions detection method.
Non‐Hotspot PIK3CA Variants Have Higher Variant Allele Frequency and are More Common in Syndromic Vascular Malformations
Authors: Andreoti Themis‐Areti A. , Maiolo Massimo , Tuleja Aleksandra , Döring Yvonne , Schaller André , Vassella Erik , Boon Laurence M. , Baumgartner Iris , Bernhard Sarah M. , Zweier Christiane , Vikkula Miikka , Rössler Jochen
Published: October 2024

PIK3CA variants are known to cause vascular malformations. We were interested in studying the phenotypic spectrum, the location within the PIK3CA gene, and the variant allele frequency (VAF) of somatic PI3KCA variants in vascular malformations. Clinical data of consecutive patients with extracranial/extraspinal vascular malformations were collected in the context of the VASCOM cohort (2008–2022, n = 558). Starting October 2020, biopsy samples were tested with the TSO500 gene panel (Illumina). All consenting patients with PIK3CA variants were included in this study. Eighty‐nine patients had available genetic results by June 2022. PIK3CA variants (n = 25) were found in 16 simple/combined (nonsyndromic) vascular malformations and in nine vascular malformations associated with other anomalies (syndromic). Four hotspot variants in exons 9 and 20 (c.1624G>A, c.1633G>A, c.3140A>G, c.3140A>T) were identified in 16/25 patients (VAF 0.9%–9.7%). Six non‐hotspot variants (c.328_330del, c.323_337del, c.353G>A, c.1258T>C, c.3132T>A, c.3195_3203delinsT) were detected in nine patients (VAF 3.6%–31.7%). Non‐hotspot variants were more frequent in syndromic than nonsyndromic vascular malformations (p = 0.0034) and exhibited a higher VAF than hotspot variants (p = 0.0253). Our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge of the genetic background in vascular malformations. Further studies will enrich the ever‐growing list of pathogenic PIK3CA variants associated with vascular malformations.
Genetic analysis of cognitive preservation in the midwestern Amish reveals a novel locus on chromosome 2
Authors: Main Leighanne R. , Song Yeunjoo E. , Lynn Audrey , Laux Renee A. , Miskimen Kristy L. , Osterman Michael D. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Ogrocki Paula K. , Lerner Alan J. , Vance Jeffery M. , Fuzzell Denise , Fuzzell Sarada L. , Hochstetler Sherri D. , Dorfsman Daniel A. , Caywood Laura J. , Prough Michael B. , Adams Larry D. , Clouse Jason E. , Herington Sharlene D. , Scott William K. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age.

METHODS

Genome‐wide association and linkage analyses were performed on 946 examined and sampled Amish individuals, aged 76–95, who were either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or impaired (CI).

RESULTS

A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrated suggestive association (P ≤ 5 × 10−4) with cognitive preservation. Genetic linkage analyses identified > 100 significant (logarithm of the odds [LOD] ≥ 3.3) SNPs, some which overlapped with the association results. Only one locus on chromosome 2 retained significance across multiple analyses.

DISCUSSION

A novel significant result for cognitive preservation on chromosome 2 includes the genes LRRTM4 and CTNNA2. Additionally, the lead SNP, rs1402906, impacts the POU3F2 transcription factor binding affinity, which regulates LRRTM4 and CTNNA2.

Highlights

GWAS and linkage identified over 100 loci associated with cognitive preservation.

One locus on Chromosome 2 retained significance over multiple analyses.

Predicted TFBSs near rs1402906 regulate genes associated with neurocognition.
Engineering of a Multi‐Modular DNA Nanodevice for Spatioselective Imaging and Evaluation of NK Cell‐Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Zhao‐Peng , Zeng Wei‐Jia , Lei Yan‐Mei , Liang Wen‐Bin , Yang Xia , Yuan Ruo , Yang Chaoyong , Zhuo Ying
Published: October 2024

Granzyme A (GzmA) secreted by natural killer (NK) cells has garnered considerable interest as a biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, current methodologies to selectively monitor the spatial distribution of GzmA in cancer cells during NK cell‐targeted therapy are extremely challenging, primarily due to the existence of diverse cell populations, the low levels of GzmA expression, and the limited availability of GzmA probes. Herein we develop a multi‐modular, structurally‐ordered DNA nanodevice for evaluating NK cell‐mediated cancer immunotherapy (MODERN), that permits spatioselective imaging of GzmA in cancer cells through GzmA‐induced apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) inactivation. The MODERN incorporates multiple functional modules, including an APE1‐gated recognition module, a photo‐activated amplification module, an aptamer‐mediated tumor‐target module, and a polycatenane DNA module, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity towards intracellular GzmA. The MODERN was activated (on) in cancer cells due to the overexpression of APE1, whereas it remained silent (off) in the NK‐treated cancer cells owing to the GzmA‐induced APE1 inactivation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GzmA‐induced APE1 inactivation blocks the cellular repair of target cells, resulting in efficient cell death. This MODERN that relies on the specific inactivation of APE1 by GzmA should be beneficial for evaluating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Unveiling the Structure and Dissociation of Interfacial Water on RuO2 for Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Liqing , Huang Wenxia , Li Dongyang , Jia Hongnan , Zhao Bingbing , Zhu Juan , Zhou Haiqing , Luo Wei
Published: October 2024

Understanding the structure and dynamic process of interfacial water molecules at the catalyst‐electrolyte interface on acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics is highly desirable for the development of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Herein, we construct a series of p‐block metal elements (Ga, In, Sn) doped RuO2 catalysts with manipulated electronic structure and Ru−O covalency to investigate the effect of electrochemical interfacial engineering on the improvement of acidic OER activity. Associated with operando attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements and theoretical analysis, we uncover the free‐H2O enriched local environment and dynamic evolution from 4‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded water and 2‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded water to free‐H2O on the surface of Ga−RuO2, are responsible for the optimized connectivity of hydrogen bonding network in the electrical double layer by promoting solvent reorganization. In addition, the structurally ordered interfacial water molecules facilitate high‐efficiency proton‐coupled electron transfer across the interface, leading to reduced energy barrier of the follow‐up dissociation process and enhanced acidic OER performance. This work highlights the key role of structure and dynamic process of interfacial water for acidic OER, and demonstrates the electrochemical interfacial engineering as an efficient strategy to design high‐performance electrocatalysts.