FEATURES OF THE IMMUNOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF PIGS OF DOMESTIC BREEDS, SUITABLE FOR XENOTRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Metlytska O. I. , Ryk T. N. , Rossokha V. I. , Saenko A. A. 
Published: June 2020

The aim of the work was to determine the immunogenetic characteristics of pigs of two Ukrainian breeds by their adaptability, resistance, reproduction, genetic homogeneity, the presence of alleles that determine the potential suitability for use in xenotransplantation and other biomedical purposes. At present, there is no breed or specialized line of pigs in Ukraine to address the urgent problems of humane medicine. However, there is a favorable situation for the creation of such a breed or the withdrawal of a specialized line because of the demand of pharmacological concerns for model biological objects to study the mechanisms of action of modern medical preparations, to develop methods of conducting bloodless surgical operations, modeling of the clinic and epidemiology of infectious diseases of different diseases. immune response, etc. In this context, there was a compelling reason to preserve the indigenous breeds of pigs of Ukraine, especially Ukrainian meat and Мyrgorod. Standard methods of immunogenetic analysis of pigs were used. The erythrocyte antigens of 9 blood group systems were determined using specific immune sera and the involvement of a bank of immunodiagnostics meeting international requirements. Blood groups were determined by the reaction of agglutination, an indirect Coombs test, and a hemolytic test. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using mathematical statistics using the GenAlex-6.0 computer program. As a result of the immunogenetic analysis of Ukrainian beef and myrrh-pig breeds, it was determined that each of them is characterized by a specific immunogenic profile, which is related to both breed characteristics and differences, and methods of their breeding. The difference between the distribution of the overwhelming number of alleles of blood groups was statistically significant. Pigs of Ukrainian meat and Мyrgorod breeds had the largest differences in allele distribution by B, E, F, K, L blood group systems with the presence of the Ladhjk marker allele in the latter (p < 0.05). The specificity of immunogenic profiles was evaluated, depending on the history of creation and the direction of the animal's performance. Species of Myrhorod and Ukrainian meat breeds with the presence of genotypes A - / - and Ebdgkmp / bdgkmp were found to determine the suitability of animals for xenotransplantation. Of the 80 animals tested for immunogenetic markers, only 24 individuals met the established selection criteria. The range of determined indicators of actual homozygosity for selected genotype animals ranged from 55.56% to the maximum value – 88.89%, mainly in sows from the Smorodinа, Rusalkа, Sorokа and Soyka families. According to molecular genetic analysis, you have been informed that the established criteria of the biomedical model meet only 13 individuals of Ukrainian meat breed. Among animals with the highest index of actual homozygosity, representatives of Cererа and Cіlina were identified, with Celina 4092 being homozygous for all blood group systems studied. The selection of pigs for blood alleles, desirable for xenotransplantation, with their transfer to the homozygous state: A -/- and Ebdgkmp / bdgkmp will impair the adaptive, first of all, reproductive qualities of the animals and create significant problems for the cultivation of such individuals. The possibility of the occurrence of reproductive and resistance disorders of pigs in the selection of blood groups genotypes modeled for xenotransplantation and the search for ways to overcome them are being considered.