bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japanese beef trade impact from BSE using a time‐varying Armington model
Authors: Soon Byung Min , Thompson Wyatt
Published: November 2019

This study examines the persistent impacts of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak in the United States on Japanese beef demands. An Armington model with time‐varying parameters allows us to separate BSE effects from other factors. A counter‐factual case estimates that, if the BSE outbreak had not occurred, demand for Australian beef would have been lower and demand for U.S. beef would have been higher, with domestic beef demand only modestly affected. The BSE outbreak affected imported frozen beef demands more than imported chilled beef demands. Our estimation method is relevant for researchers studying the impacts of disease‐related or other trade disruptions, as well as to traders and policy makers with interest in Japanese beef markets. [EconLit citations: F14, Q17].
Phenol‐Derived Carbon Sealant Inspired by a Coalification Process
Authors: Lee Yunhan , Jun Kiwoo , Lee Kyueui , Seo Young Chang , Jeong Changyoung , Kim Munja , Oh Il‐Kwon , Lee Haeshin
Published: November 2019

Recently, emerging functions utilizing phenolic molecules, such as surface functionalizing agents or bioadhesives, have attracted significant interest. However, the most important role of phenolic compounds is to produce carbonized plant matter called “coal”, which is widely used as an energy source in nearly all countries. Coalification is a long‐term, high‐temperature process in which phenols are converted into conducting carbonized matter. This study focuses on mimicking coalification processes to create conducting sealants from non‐conducting phenolic compounds by heat treatment. We demonstrate that a phenolic adhesive, tri‐hydroxybenzene (known as pyrogallol), and polyethylenimine mixture initially acts as an adhesive sealant that can be converted to a conducting carbon sealing material. The conductivity of the phenolic sealant is about 850 Ω−1 cm−1, which is an approximately two‐fold enhancement of the performance of carbon matter. Applications of the biomimetic adhesives described herein include conducting defect sealants in carbon nanomaterials and conducting binders for metal/carbon or ceramic/carbon composites.
Negative Regulation of Osteoclast Commitment by Intracellular Protein Phosphatase Magnesium‐Dependent 1A
Authors: Kwon Oh Chan , Choi Bongkun , Lee Eun‐Jin , Park Ji‐Eun , Lee Eun‐Ju , Kim Eun‐Young , Kim Sang‐Min , Shin Min‐Kyung , Kim Tae‐Hwan , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang‐Keun , Yoo Bin , Robinson William H. , Kim Yong‐Gil , Chang Eun‐Ju
Published: November 2019

Objective

Increased protein phosphatase magnesium‐dependent 1A (PPM1A) levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis regulate osteoblast differentiation in bony ankylosis; however, the potential mechanisms that regulate osteoclast differentiation in relation to abnormal bone formation remain unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of PPM1A to osteoclast differentiation by generating conditional gene‐knockout (PPM1Afl/fl;LysM‐Cre) mice and evaluating their bone phenotype.

Methods

The bone phenotypes of LysM‐Cre mice (n = 6) and PPM1Afl/fl;LysM‐Cre mice (n = 6) were assessed by micro–computed tomography. Osteoclast differentiation was induced by culturing bone marrow–derived macrophages in the presence of RANKL and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), and was evaluated by counting tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive multinucleated cells. Levels of messenger RNA for PPM1A, RANK, and osteoclast‐specific genes were examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels were determined by Western blotting. Surface RANK expression was analyzed by fluorescence flow cytometry.

Results

The PPM1Afl/fl;LysM‐Cre mice displayed reduced bone mass (P < 0.001) and increased osteoclast differentiation (P < 0.001) and osteoclast‐specific gene expression (P < 0.05) compared with their LysM‐Cre littermates. Mechanistically, reduced PPM1A function in osteoclast precursors in PPM1Afl/fl;LysM‐Cre mice induced osteoclast lineage commitment by up‐regulating RANK expression (P < 0.01) via p38 MAPK activation in response to M‐CSF. PPM1A expression in macrophages was decreased by Toll‐like receptor 4 activation (P < 0.05). The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score was negatively correlated with the expression of PPM1A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) (γ = −0.7072, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The loss of PPM1A function in osteoclast precursors driven by inflammatory signals contributes to osteoclast lineage commitment and differentiation by elevating RANK expression, reflecting a potential role of PPM1A in dynamic bone metabolism in axial SpA.
An exploration of the experiences that counsellors have of taking care of their own mental, emotional and spiritual well‐being
Authors: Barton Heather
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of therapists in taking care of their own mental, emotional and spiritual well‐being. This is an under‐researched area that is of vital importance, not only for the well‐being of the therapists themselves, but also for their clients.

Aim

This qualitative study examined the experiences that counsellors have in taking care of their own mental, emotional and spiritual well‐being.

Method

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with five experienced therapists who had all been qualified for eight years or more. Data were thematically analysed within the overall principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results

Four superordinate themes were identified. These concerned: (a) the demands and challenges that therapists face in their work, particularly when dealing with difficult clients and client issues; (b) the perception that the therapists have that their own preparation and training for taking care of themselves was inadequate; (c) growth for the therapists personally and in self‐awareness, learning their own limitations, building resilience and realising the necessity of prioritising self‐care; (d) therapists becoming more compassionate towards themselves, and finding ways of managing their own self‐care.

Discussion

Results revealed that the process of managing good self‐care is a journey that begins with little or no knowledge of the importance of self‐care, to arriving at a point of realising its importance and making it a priority.

Conclusion/Implications

Gaps in training were highlighted along with a need to support broader understanding and recognition of the value of therapist self‐care.
Silver Nanoparticles Architectured HMP as a Recyclable Catalyst for Tetramic Acid and Propiolic Acid Synthesis through CO2 Capture at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Ghosh Swarbhanu , Ghosh Aniruddha , Riyajuddin Sk , Sarkar Somnath , Chowdhury Arpita Hazra , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: November 2019

The recent advancement on the tailored synthesis of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer (HMP‐2) has assembled significant concentration by the virtue of its adjustable porosity, operative design and absolutely ordering structure. This perfectly structured Ag NPs supported carbocatalyst (Ag‐HMP‐2) has been synthesized by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation between 4,4′‐Bis(bromomethyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl and carbazole over anhydrous iron(III)chloride catalysis followed by the appending of the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto the material. The silver nanoparticle was decorated over the HMP‐2 to prepare the corresponding catalyst (Ag‐HMP‐2). The characterization of the newly produced material has been conducted by N2 adsorption/desorption studies, XPS, FE‐SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) methods. This microporous catalyst has spectacular activities for the production of tetramic acids from various types of propargylic amine derivatives at 60 °C under atmospheric carbon dioxide pressure. Parallel attempt on fixation of CO2 was executed over terminal alkynes to synthesize propiolic acids under 1 atm pressure. The catalyst (Ag‐HMP‐2) exhibited sufficient recycling ability for the generation of tetramic acids and propiolic acids up to five catalytic runs without reduction in its catalytic activity.
Artificial Reactor with Alterable Tandem Channeling for the Formation of Self‐Screened Catalytic Ability
Authors: Pu Lei , Wei Wenjing , Zhu Maiyong , Wu Shuping , Shen Xiaojuan , Li Songjun
Published: November 2019

Inspired by the polymeric “soft” properties and divisional isolation of tandem processes in natural systems, an artificial reactor with self‐screened catalytic ability was fabricated with a polymeric tri‐layer architecture. The non‐responsive middle layer encapsulated catalytic metal nanoparticles, while the two outer layers consisted of a negatively and a positively thermosensitive imprinted polymer. The inverse responsiveness of the outer layers induced switchable shapes, which led to alterable tandem channeling to the reactive middle layer and, as a result, the divisional admission of different substrates. This way, the reactor led to the formation of self‐screened catalytic ability. The design for this artificial reactor offers promising prospects for struggling tandem catalysts, suggesting opportunities to develop schedulable tandem processes.
Revealing the Effect of Nanopores in Biomass‐Derived Carbon on its Sodium‐Ion Storage Behavior
Authors: Wang Caiwei , Huang Jianfeng , Li Jiayin , Cao Liyun , Chen Qian , Qian Cheng , Chen Shaoyi
Published: November 2019

The sodium storage mechanism in biomass‐derived carbon is composed of absorption/desorption from defects, insertion/extraction between layers in pseudographitic domains, and nanopores filling. Nanopores are produced to provide spaces for sodium‐ion storage and diffusion, which attracts more attention. However, roles of nanopores in biomass‐derived carbon microstructure and their influences on electrochemical behavior of sodium‐ion batteries still need to be further explored. Therefore, we control nanopore size of biomass carbon by three different methods. Results show the size and distribution of nanopores have effect on uniformity of interlayer spacing in pseudographitic domains around pores. After cycling, the stability of nanopore structure plays an important role on sodium storage behavior. Without nanopores as buffer spaces, the diffusion resistance of sodium ions increases because of decreased interlayer spacing from outside to inside. When more micropores are formed with uniform interlayer spacing distribution, the structure of electrode is well‐maintained and higher specific capacity is achieved after sodium‐ion inserting/extracting. The formation of mesopores accompanies with nonuniform interlayer spacing. Mesopore structure tends to be destroyed easily by large amount of sodium ions inserting/extracting. Cracked parts provide unstable buffer space for sodium ions. The interlayer spacing in meso‐porous carbon tube increases rapidly after cycling, which leads to capacity loss.
Group 13 Precursor Structures and Their Effect on Oxide Nanocrystal Formation
Authors: Sommer Sanna , Gjerlevsen Nielsen Ida , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo
Published: November 2019

Precursor structures (PSs) in solution are expected to influence both nanocrystal formation mechanisms, as well as crystallization of specific polymorphs. Herein, Group 13 PS structures determined by pair distribution function and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis are reported. Corner‐sharing octahedral dimers form from the metal nitrates dissolved in either water, isopropanol, or ethanol at room temperature contradicting previous studies that suggested monomers or larger Keggin clusters. Because all crystalline indium oxides have octahedral coordination, crystals can easily nucleate from the observed PSs. Similarly, MOOH (M=Al and Ga) with octahedral M coordination is expected to form readily from the PSs, whereas formation of γ‐M2O3 requires a partial conversion to tetrahedral M coordination. This explains the long‐standing observation of initial AlOOH formation as a bottleneck for γ‐Al2O3 synthesis. Different indium polymorphs crystallize from the various solvents, and thus there is no obvious link between the PSs and observed polymorphism.
Bioluminescence Profiling of NanoKAZ/NanoLuc Luciferase Using a Chemical Library of Coelenterazine Analogues
Authors: Coutant Eloi P. , Gagnot Glwadys , Hervin Vincent , Baatallah Racha , Goyard Sophie , Jacob Yves , Rose Thierry , Janin Yves L.
Published: November 2019

We describe here an extensive structure‐bioluminescence relationship study of a chemical library of analogues of coelenterazine, using nanoKAZ/NanoLuc, a mutated luciferase originated from the catalytic subunit of the deep‐sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris. Out of the 135 O‐acetylated precursors that were prepared by using our recently reported synthesis and following their hydrolysis to give solutions of the corresponding luciferins, notable bioluminescence improvements were achieved in comparison with furimazine, which is currently amongst the best substrates of nanoKAZ/NanoLuc. For instance, the rather more lipophilic analogue 8‐(2,3‐difluorobenzyl)‐2‐((5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)methyl)‐6‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazin‐3(7H)‐one provided a 1.5‐fold improvement of the total light output over a 2 h period, a close to threefold increase of the initial signal intensity and a signal‐to‐background ratio five times greater than furimazine. The kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reaction were obtained for a selection of luciferin analogues and provided unexpected insights into the luciferase activity. Most prominently, along with a general substrate‐dependent and irreversible inactivation of this enzyme, in the case of the optimized luciferin mentioned above, the consumption of 2664 molecules was found to be required for the detection of a single Relative Light Unit (RLU; a luminometer‐dependent fraction of a photon).
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Formal [6+2] Annulation Reaction via Cross‐Conjugated Aza‐Trienolate Intermediates
Authors: Balanna Kuruva , Madica Krishnaprasad , Mukherjee Subrata , Ghosh Arghya , Poisson Thomas , Besset Tatiana , Jindal Garima , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: November 2019

The diverse reactivity of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in organocatalysis is due to the possibility of different modes of action. Although NHC‐bound enolates and dienolates are known, the related NHC‐bound cross‐conjugated aza‐trienolates remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate the NHC‐catalyzed formal [6+2] annulation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic aldehydes with α,α,α‐trifluoroacetophenones leading to the formation of versatile pyrrolooxazolones (29 examples). The catalytically generated cross‐conjugated aza‐trienolates (aza‐fulvene type) underwent smooth [6+2] annulation with electrophilic ketones to afford the product in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Preliminary DFT studies on the mechanism are also provided.
Cytological diagnosis of amyloidosis presenting as a supraclavicular swelling
Authors: Rakheja Garima , Handa Uma , Tahlan Anita , Lehl Sarabmeet S.
Published: November 2019

Amyloidosis is a well‐recognized entity, that can present as a systemic disease, or, uncommonly, as a localized mass. We report here, a rare presentation of amyloidosis presenting as a supraclavicular swelling, diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Subsequent bone marrow examination led to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This case highlights the need to be aware of cytological characteristics of amyloidosis, which can have unusual presentation posing a diagnostic dilemma.
Land‐sharing vs. land‐sparing urban development modulate predator–prey interactions in Europe
Authors: Jokimäki Jukka , Suhonen Jukka , Benedetti Yanina , Diaz Mario , Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki Marja‐Liisa , Morelli Federico , Pérez‐Contreras Tomás , Rubio Enrique , Sprau Philipp , Tryjanowski Piotr , Ibánez‐Álamo Juan Diego
Published: November 2019

Urban areas are expanding globally as a consequence of human population increases, with overall negative effects on biodiversity. To prevent the further loss of biodiversity, it is urgent to understand the mechanisms behind this loss to develop evidence‐based sustainable solutions to preserve biodiversity in urban landscapes. The two extreme urban development types along a continuum, land‐sparing (large, continuous green areas and high‐density housing) and land‐sharing (small, fragmented green areas and low‐density housing) have been the recent focus of debates regarding the pattern of urban development. However, in this context, there is no information on the mechanisms behind the observed biodiversity changes. One of the main mechanisms proposed to explain urban biodiversity loss is the alteration of predator–prey interactions. Using ground‐nesting birds as a model system and data from nine European cities, we experimentally tested the effects of these two extreme urban development types on artificial ground nest survival and whether nest survival correlates with the local abundance of ground‐nesting birds and their nest predators. Nest survival (n = 554) was lower in land‐sharing than in land‐sparing urban areas. Nest survival decreased with increasing numbers of local predators (cats and corvids) and with nest visibility. Correspondingly, relative abundance of ground‐nesting birds was greater in land‐sparing than in land‐sharing urban areas, though overall bird species richness was unaffected by the pattern of urban development. We provide the first evidence that predator–prey interactions differ between the two extreme urban development types. Changing interactions may explain the higher proportion of ground‐nesting birds in land‐sparing areas, and suggest a limitation of the land‐sharing model. Nest predator control and the provision of more green‐covered urban habitats may also improve conservation of sensitive birds in cities. Our findings provide information on how to further expand our cities without severe loss of urban‐sensitive species and give support for land‐sparing over land‐sharing urban development.
Rates and trends in healthcare‐detected incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A national health insurance claim data study in Taiwan, 2002–2013
Authors: Tseng Mei‐Chih M. , Tu Chao‐Ying , Hsieh Shu‐Feng , Chang Chin‐Hao
Published: November 2019

Objective

This study aimed to examine the incidence rates of diagnosed anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and their variations over time in Taiwan.

Method

The data of individuals with AN and BN, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification's (ICD‐9‐CM), were extracted from merged databases by means of unique identification numbers. To fulfill the criteria of incident cases, individuals must not have had an AN or BN diagnosis in the preceding 2 years. The time trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis.

Results

The overall AN and BN incidence rates were 1.1 and 6.1 per 100,000, respectively. There was no significant change in the overall incidence rate for AN or both sexes across the study period. A significant increase in AN incidence occurred in the age groups of 10–14 and 30–39 years. The overall incidence rate of BN increased significantly in the few years before 2009 and then decreased. A similar trend occurred among the females and groups aged above 20 years. There was no significant change in the overall BN incidence rate over the whole period.

Discussion

Compared with Western countries, the AN incidence in Taiwan is very low, whereas the BN incidence is in the lower end of the range. The findings that the age of the first‐time detected AN and BN is older in Taiwan and that the significant increases in age‐specific incidence are mainly among adults suggest that more effort is needed to detect individuals with AN and BN at a younger age in Taiwan.
Tandem One‐Pot Approach to N‐Substituted Lactones by Carbon–Carbon Coupling Followed by 5‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig Cyclization: DFT Studies and Cyclization Mode
Authors: Mayooufi Atef , Jacquemin Johan , Petrignet Julien , Thibonnet Jérôme
Published: November 2019

A one‐pot approach has been developed for the preparation of a five or six‐membered ring of unsaturated lactones bearing an amino group through a tandem coupling oxacyclization reaction. This tandem process involves Sonogashira‐like cross‐coupling followed by 5‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig intramolecular oxacyclization, according to the nature of the alkynes substituent. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed to analyze the origin of this regioselectivity of cyclization.
Resource recovery from low strength wastewater in a bioelectrochemical desalination process
Authors: Stuart‐Dahl Savannah , Martinez‐Guerra Edith , Kokabian Bahareh , Gude Veera Gnaneswar , Smith Renotta , Brooks John
Published: November 2019

In this research, low strength synthetic wastewaters with chemical oxygen demand less than 300 mg L−1 were treated at different concentrations in a bioelectrochemical desalination process. A process optimization model was utilized to study the performance of the photosynthetic bioelectrochemical desalination process. The variables include substrate (chemical oxygen demand) concentration, total dissolved solids, and microalgae biomass concentration in the cathode chamber. Relationships between the chemical oxygen demand concentration, microalgae, and salt concentrations were evaluated. Power densities and potential energy benefits from microalgal biomass growth were discussed. The results from this study demonstrated the reliability and reproducibility of the photosynthetic microbial desalination process performance followed by a response surface methodology optimization. This study also confirms the suitability of bioelectrochemical desalination process for treating low substrate wastewaters such as agricultural wastewaters, anaerobic digester effluents, and septic tank effluents for net energy production and water desalination.
Effects of Ammonia Impurities on the Hydrogen Flow in High and Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Isorna Llerena F. , de las Heras Jiménez A. , López González E. , Segura Manzano F. , Andújar Márquez J. M.
Published: November 2019

Fuel cells are a promising technology to use as a source of electricity and heat for buildings, and as an electrical power source for electric motors propelling vehicles. They consume hydrogen as fuel and oxygen to produce electricity, heat and water. Conventional fuels, such as natural gas, methanol, or even gasoline are reformed to produce the hydrogen required by the fuel cells. During the reforming process, impurities are inevitably obtained in the hydrogen flow. One of them is ammonia (NH3) that can result in serious damage to the fuel cell operation. In this paper, the effects produced by different concentrations of NH3 present in the hydrogen flow on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance are studied, differentiating between irreversible and recoverable damages. Strictly experimental, the study includes both low and high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The NH3 poisoning effect is analyzed and quantified by comparing the polarization curves. After the poisoning stage, the cells are subjected to a regeneration process (feeding the cell with neat H2) with the aim of knowing the membrane's recovery capacity. The experimental results demonstrate that in low temperature (LT)‐PEFCs, the cell recovers its performance almost completely with a new exposure to neat H2, in spite of the damage previously caused by the presence of traces of NH3 in the anode feed stream. In contrast, in high temperature (HT)‐PEFCs, the cell suffers irreversible damage, even with short time exposure to NH3. The paper concludes with discussing the possible chemical interactions by which NH3 affects the cell performance.
Structural core of the executive control network: A high angular resolution diffusion MRI study
Authors: Shen Kai‐kai , Welton Thomas , Lyon Matthew , McCorkindale Andrew N. , Sutherland Greg T. , Burnham Samantha , Fripp Jurgen , Martins Ralph , Grieve Stuart M.
Published: November 2019

Executive function (EF) is a set of cognitive capabilities considered essential for successful daily living, and is negatively affected by ageing and neurodegenerative conditions. Underpinning EF performance are functional nodes in the executive control network (ECN), while the structural connectivity underlying this network is not well understood. In this paper, we evaluated the structural white matter tracts that interconnect the ECN and investigated their relationship to the EF performance. Using high‐angular resolution diffusion MRI data, we performed tractography analysis of structural connectivity in a cognitively normal cohort (n = 140), specifically targeting the connectivity between ECN nodes. Our data revealed the presence of a strongly‐connected “structural core” of the ECN comprising three components: interhemispheric frontal connections, a fronto‐parietal subnetwork and fronto‐striatal connections between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right caudate. These pathways were strongly correlated with EF performance (p = .003). Post‐hoc analysis of subregions within the significant ECN connections showed that these effects were driven by a highly specific subset of interconnected cortical regions. The structural core subnetwork of the functional ECN may be an important feature crucial to a better future understanding of human cognition and behaviour.
Impact of PD‐L1 expression and human papillomavirus status in anti‐PD1/PDL1 immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patel Jaimin J. , Levy Dylan A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Knochelmann Hannah M. , Day Terry A.
Published: November 2019

Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) pathway inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has demonstrated inconsistent efficacy regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) status and PD‐L1 expression. This study compared outcomes in HNSCC in the context of PD‐L1 and HPV expression. Outcomes: PD‐L1 and HPV expression; overall survival (OS), and tumor response (ORR). 1088 patients received PD‐1/L1 inhibitors. Four methodologies were identified in determining PD‐L1 expression, most commonly using the Dako PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmaDx assay. Using a 1% threshold, ORR was greater for PD‐L1 expressers vs non‐expressers (18.9%, CI 16.1‐21.8 v 8.8% CI 5.3‐13.7, P = 0.009), as was OS at 6 months (60.6%, CI 49.2‐71.4 v 49.0%, CI 39.1‐59.0, P = 0.04) but not at 12 or 18 months. No advantages were identified for HPV expressers. Patients expressing PD‐L1 may have a better tumor response and OS. No impact on survival or response was observed based on HPV status.
Utilizing NCES Survey Data for the Study of Postsecondary Pathways and Success: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Yu , Wang Xueli
Published: November 2019

In this chapter, we review the strengths of NCES survey data, provide an example of analyzing NCES survey data to explore the pathways between coursework in career and technical education in high school and postsecondary success, and offer suggestions for future data collection.
Client deception about substance use: Research findings and a case study
Authors: Farber Barry A.
Published: November 2019

Findings from a large sample of therapy clients indicate that substance use is among the most widely reported topics of dishonesty; that the primary motives for this dishonesty are shame, fear of being judged by one's therapist, and concern about real‐world consequences of disclosure (e.g., being sent to a rehabilitation facility); and that the most widely held client beliefs about what might facilitate greater honesty about substance use include feeling reassured that a therapist would not overreact nor be judgmental. The case report here reflects many of these themes. Discussion focuses on the ways in which therapists might deal with clients who struggle to be consistently forthcoming about their substance use issues, for example, by asking direct questions and by discussing the parameters and consequences of client disclosure on this topic.
A wide‐targeted urinary and serum metabolomics strategy reveals the effective substance of the Wu‐tou decoction
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxu , Xu Tengfei , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu , Song Fengrui , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: November 2019

As an important Chinese medicine decoction, Wu‐tou decoction has been used to treat rheumatic arthritis for more than a thousand years. We previously reported that the Wu‐tou decoction could change the urinary and serum metabolites in adjuvant‐induced arthritis rats significantly. The purpose of this research was to confirm the potential biomarkers obtained by previous non‐targeted metabolomics study through quantitative analysis by liqui chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, in the meantime, to further study the effective material basis of Wu‐tou decoction. Firstly, the important compounds in the tryptophan metabolism pathway, the arginine and proline metabolism pathway, the amino acid metabolism pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the vitamin B6 metabolism pathway, and the phenylalanine metabolism pathway, which were identified as potential biomarkers in previous study, were selected for quantitative analysis. Then the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, selectivity, accuracy, precision, stability, recovery, and matrix effect of the quantitative method were examined. Finally, ten and eighteen metabolites were quantitatively analyzed in the serum and urine, respectively. The results showed that seven out of ten serum potential biomarkers and ten out of eighteen urine potential biomarkers were confirmed as real biomarkers. This research provides a powerful reference for the study on effective material basis of Wu‐tou decoction.
Beneficial Effect of Intense Pulsed Light on the Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jeng Seng‐Feng , Chen Jian‐An , Chang Li‐Ren , Chen Chien‐Chung , Shih Hsiang‐Shun , Chou Ting‐Mao , Chen Hsing‐Fu , Feng Guan‐Ming , Yang Chih‐Hui
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective

Wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is one of the major health concerns globally. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used in cosmetic dermatology via mechanisms involving fibroblast stimulation, collagen synthesis, and dermal remodeling, which are events that also occur during the process of wound healing. This present study was aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of IPL on the wound healing in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods

Diabetes was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats using streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, DM only group, DM rats with IPL treatment 2 weeks before wounding (DM + IPL‐Pre group), and DM rats with concurrent IPL exposure and wounding (DM + IPL‐Con group). The wounds were created on the dorsal skin of rats. Wound closure rate, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis were assessed.

Results

There were no significant differences in the wound closure rate and mean time to wound closure between IPL‐treated diabetic rats and normal rats. By contrast, delayed wound closure and prolonged mean time to wound closure were both noticed in DM only group. Enhanced collagen deposition and angiogenesis were observed in IPL‐Pre, but not IPL‐Con diabetic rats, as compared with untreated DM rats.

Conclusion

Results of this study may provide novel insight into future preventive strategies using IPL for the management of wounds in diabetic patients. Lasers Surg Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Chemistry for Improving Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Sipei , Lorandi Francesca , Whitacre Jay F. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: November 2019

Lithium metal anode based rechargeable batteries (LMBs) are regarded as a highly appealing alternatives to replace state‐of‐the‐art lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for applications that demand higher energy density. Due to the highly reactive nature of metallic lithium and the related challenges with regard to dendrite issues at the anode, and electrolyte and cathode design, the industrial success of LMBs is yet to be safely achieved. Traditionally, in an LMB, the role of polymeric components is mostly limited to separators and cathode binders. With the advancement in polymer chemistry and its growing applications in materials science, it is now recognized that functional polymers can greatly improve the practical performance of an LMB. This paper discusses some representative studies, in order to demonstrate how various macromolecular approaches could be adopted to improve LMBs especially concerning the anode side, including electrolyte and artificial solid electrolyte interphase.
Liquid Metal–Mediated Mechanochemical Polymerization
Authors: Gan Tiansheng , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Shang Wenhui , Shen Jiayan , Zhu Lifei , Xiao Qi , Hu Shuangyan , Zhou Xuechang
Published: November 2019

Mechanically controlled polymerization that employs the mechanical energy to fabricate novel synthetic materials has attracted considerable interest. However, only a few examples have been achieved so far, owing to the limited choices of materials and strategies. Herein, a versatile, liquid metal (LM)‐mediated mechanochemical polymerization method (LMMMP) is developed for the air‐compatible, robust preparation of polymers in an aqueous solution. This method involves the simultaneous disruption of bulk LMs into micro‐ and nanodroplets and the combination of monomers into polymers during ultrasonic irradiation. The pristine and reactive LM surface continuously generated by ultrasound endows this polymerization method with excellent oxygen tolerance, high reaction rate, and the ability to produce polymers with high molecular weight from a wide variety of water‐soluble monomers. Besides, LM droplets are readily reclaimed and reused for polymerization. The authors envision that the LMMMP promotes the utilization of mechanical energy for the synthesis of functional polymers, constitutes a novel fabrication approach for polymer–LM nanocomposites, and provides new insight into the design of LM‐based platforms for polymerization.
Gap in disparities for people seeking BH versus physical health care widens
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2019

Two years ago, a report issued by Milliman Inc. found that out‐of‐network visits for inpatient and outpatient behavioral health services were dramatically increasing. A similar report issued Nov. 20 by the same research firm found that disparities in network use and provider reimbursement have worsened. Field observers, expressing both surprise and disappointment, call the new report a “wake‐up call” for all stakeholders to turn this situation around.
Study finds some uptick in child psychiatry workforce; shortages still exist
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2019

It is well‐known that more than half of the children in the United States with a treatable mental health condition do not receive treatment from a mental health professional and that a contributing factor to this unmet need is a shortage of child psychiatrists. A new study published online in Pediatrics examines whether there has been any progress made in expanding the child mental health workforce.
A frequency‐reconfigurable electronically‐steerable parasitic array radiator using microstrip patch antennas
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Vosoughi Azadeh , Gong Xun
Published: November 2019

A microstrip patch electronically‐steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) with continuous frequency reconfigurability is presented in this paper. Loading varactors are strategically placed on the radiating edge of all antenna elements to achieve a 15% continuous frequency tuning range, from 0.87 to 1.02 GHz. At each operating frequency, this ESPAR is able to scan from −20 to 20° in the H plane. Therefore, this ESPAR is able to provide spectrum diversity in addition to the spatial diversity inherent in a frequency‐fixed ESPAR. The underlying physics and design procedures of this ESPAR are presented. The return losses at different operating frequencies and scan angles, radiation patterns, realized gains, and third‐order input intercept point (IIP3) are also measured.
Low‐profile circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with pattern diversity
Authors: Tu Zhi‐Hong , Wang You‐Xian , Nie Na
Published: November 2019

This letter presents a two‐port circularly polarized pattern diversity microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is designed on a single layer with a low profile (0.021λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the central frequency). The broadside pattern and conical pattern of the antenna can be obtained by respectively exciting the fundamental mode of the inner circular patch and the high‐order mode of the entire circular patch. With four pairs of silts on the patch, the antenna achieves circular polarization for both broadside and conical patterns. A prototype of it is fabricated and measured. The measured overlapped bandwidth of 10‐dB return‐loss and 3‐dB axial ratio for both modes are 1.3% (1.569‐1.580 GHz) and 0.6% (1.565‐1.575 GHz), respectively. Moreover, the measured peak gain values are 6.4 and 3.7 dBi for broadside and conical modes, respectively. The satisfactory isolation (|S21| < −22 dB) is also achieved between the two feeding ports in the common impedance matching bands.
Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis: A Potential Approach for Geographical Origin Authentication
Authors: Zheng Chaochen , Jiang Tao , Luo Renjun , Chen Xiubao , Liu Hongbo , Yang Jian
Published: November 2019

The illegal counterfeiting of the geographic origin label for Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis is a major problem in China. More effective methods are needed for authenticating their geographic origin and increasing their commercial value. Therefore, a geometric morphometric analysis was conducted for the present pilot study to identify variation in Chinese mitten crabs from eight well-known geographic areas in China: Gehu, Luoma, Gucheng, Liangzi, and Junshan lakes in the Yangtze River system; the Dongying area in the Yellow River system; and the Yingkou and Panjin areas in the Liaohe River system. Landmark coordinates were extracted by image processing after digitization of the carapace and the ventral region of the cephalothorax and were then analyzed using relative warp principal components methods, discriminant analysis, thin-plate spline analysis, and grid distortion. Many of the type II landmarks used were extracted via relative warp principal components analysis, and they had the most important contributions to explaining the variation. The discriminant analysis indicated that the carapace of male and female crabs and the ventral region of the cephalothorax in males had geographical origin distinguishing rates of 100%. These results suggest that plasticity in shape exists for local adaptation of the ventral region of the cephalothorax and especially the carapace among Chinese mitten crabs from the different locations examined. Geometric morphometric analysis has potential for authenticating the important commercial crab species by authorized inspectors or scientists in markets or laboratories after further development of image processing, landmark extraction, shape morphometric databases, detection models, and geographical origin recognition.
The assessment needs of families with children who are deaf and hard of hearing referred for an autism spectrum disorder evaluation
Authors: Dale Brittany A. , Neild Raschelle
Published: November 2019

With the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), clinicians and schools are receiving a larger number of assessment referrals for eligibility or diagnostic clarification of ASD in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH). Meeting this increasing demand is often difficult given not all assessment professionals seek specialized ASD training and even fewer have experience working with D/HH children. Therefore, families are disadvantaged because of the lack of assessment professionals who specialize in both these areas. School psychologists without such experience are at‐risk for misinterpreting or missing key diagnostic information. This study explored the assessment experiences of four families of D/HH children who have ASD. Hearing parents’ and D/HH parents’ perspectives were gathered to explore the family needs. An open‐ended survey asked parents to recall the assessment techniques utilized during the process and relate how their child's language skills were accounted for by the clinician. Parent responses revealed interpreters were utilized for various reasons unique to each family. Families expressed difficulty finding ASD specialists who had experience working with D/HH children. This study highlights the importance of selecting a trained interpreter and emphasizes the need of more professionals who have experience assessing ASD in D/HH children.
Prevalence and structure of self‐other problems in SAPAS screening for personality disorder in a National Sample
Authors: Bach Bo , Kongerslev Mickey T. , Simonsen Erik
Published: November 2019

Aim

This study investigated the prevalence and factorial structure of personality disorder features in the general community measured with the self‐report form of the Standardized Assessment of Personality ‐ Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS‐SR).

Method

SAPAS‐SR was administered to a Danish national community sample (N = 50,326; 53% women). The hierarchical latent structure was examined using exploratory factor analyses (EFA) for one to three levels.

Results

We found that 11.3% of the community sample fulfilled the estimated screening criteria for a personality disorder, which was slightly higher for woman and younger people. As hypothesized, a two‐factor model corresponded to aspects of self (e.g., being a worrier) and others (e.g., having difficulty making and keeping friends), whereas a three‐factor model corresponded to trait domains of negative affectivity, detachment, and externalization.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that personality disorder features play a significant role for at least one out of ten individuals in the Danish general community. Such features are primarily organized in a pattern of self‐ and interpersonal functioning, which is consistent with the conceptualization of core personality dysfunction in the DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders and the ICD‐11 Classification of Personality Disorders. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing internal electric fields of π‐ and σ‐hole bonds
Authors: Velloso Paulo F. G. , Mohallem José R.
Published: November 2019

π‐ and σ‐holes are nonnuclear molecular regions of positive electric potential, which make non‐covalent interactions with negative sites, for example, lone pairs of molecules containing nitrogen or oxygen, the so called π‐ and σ‐hole bonds. We investigate these bonds locally using a probe programmed as a virtual molecule. Unlike the hydrogen bond, electric fields are detected having strengths that are different from the sum of the separated parts, meaning that molecular electrostatic potential surfaces analysis of the different parts are not enough to analyze the bonds. Based on an application of the Hellmann‐Feynman theorem, which states that intermolecular bonds are fully described by Coulombian interactions (electrostatic plus polarization), we connect the electric field strength with the bond strength measured in experiments, so that it can be considered as a quantifier for the bonds.
Metal‐Layer Assisted Growth of Ultralong Quasi‐2D MOF Nanoarrays on Arbitrary Substrates for Accelerated Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Chao‐Peng , Liu Hai‐Yang , Bian Gang , Gao Xiangxiang , Zhao Sanchuan , Kang Yu , Zhu Jian , Bu Xian‐He
Published: November 2019

Controlled growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) nanocrystals on requisite surfaces is highly desired for myriad applications related to catalysis, energy, and electronics. Here, this challenge is addressed by overlaying arbitrary surfaces with a thermally evaporated metal layer to enable the well‐aligned growth of ultralong quasi‐2D MOF nanoarrays comprising cobalt ions and thiophenedicarboxylate acids. This interfacial engineering approach allows preferred chelation of carboxyl groups in the ligands with the metal interlayers, thereby making possible the fabrication and patterning of MOF nanoarrays on substrates of any materials or morphologies. The MOF nanoarrays grown on porous metal scaffolds demonstrate high electrocatalytic capability for water oxidation, exhibiting a small overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2, or 317 mV at 50 mA cm−2 as well as negligible decay of performance within 30 h. The enhanced performance stems from the improved electron and ion transport in the hierarchical porous nanoarrays consisting of in situ formed oxyhydroxide nanosheets in the electrochemical processes. This approach for mediating the growth of MOF nanoarrays can serve as a promising platform for diverse applications.
Toxic Solvent‐ and Additive‐Free Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells via a Simple Random Sequence Strategy in Both Donor and Acceptor Copolymer Backbones
Authors: Jeong Mingyu , Lee Byongkyu , Cho Yongjoon , Oh Jiyeon , Lee Sang Myeon , Lee Jungho , Yang Changduk
Published: November 2019

It is extremely important to develop nontoxic solvent and additive‐processed high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) that are suitable for printing preparation of large‐scale devices. Herein, it is demonstrates that a simple random copolymerization of two acceptor monomers (benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD) and 5,6‐difluoro‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (FTAZ)), alternating with Si atom‐containing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene donor comonomer, forms a successful approach by which to synthesize donor copolymers with excellent solubility/processability for nontoxic‐solvent‐processed all‐PSCs. The incorporation of a higher degree of BDD in the backbone lowers the frontier energy levels, as well as redshifts, with higher absorption coefficients; however, it adversely affects solubility in a 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF). An impressive power conversion efficiency, of about 8.0%, is achieved from PJ25 (25 mol% BDD)‐based all‐PSC when paired with N2200‐F30 acceptor random copolymer by using MeTHF as the processing solvent without any additive. Another interesting point is that the air stability of the all‐PSCs increases with increasing FTAZ content due to strong noncovalent interaction and resistance to humidity and oxidation caused by the F‐atoms in FTAZ units. Not only does this study establish a structure–property–performance relationship through a series of structural, morphological, and electrical characterization techniques, but it also provides a promising and easy way to develop nontoxic‐solvent‐processed high‐performance all‐PSCs.
Inclusions Absorbed by Slags in Interstitial‐Free Steel Production
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Yihong , Li Dazhao , Kang Yan , Bao Yanping , Yan Zhijie
Published: November 2019

The nonmetallic inclusions absorbed by ladle slags during secondary steelmaking operations and in the tundish and mold during casting are crucial to the production of interstitial‐free (IF) steel. However, little to no research has been conducted on the separation and dissolution of inclusions along with a focus on IF steel. Herein, a theoretical study of the separation of solid alumina at the steel–slag interface is conducted. The dissolution of alumina particles is observed in situ in different IF steel slags, and the dissolution mechanism is analyzed. The results show that the interfacial tensions and slag viscosity have a large influence on the predicted displacement, but for IF steel production, the dissolution of inclusions in the slags has a greater influence on the removal of inclusions than on inclusion separation. Using ladle slags with a proper CaO wt%/Al2O3 wt% is the most effective way to remove the Al2O3 inclusions compared with the other slags in IF steel production.