bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological Features and Growth Traits of Half Sib Local Pabna Calves up to Yearling Stages
Authors: Talukder M.A.I. , Shahjahan M. , Munira S. , Rahman S. , Bhuiyan A.K.F.H.
Published: January 2021

Background: Usually morphological features and growth traits are used in breed characterization. The research was performed to reveal the phenotypic and growth traits of half sib local Pabna calves up to yearling stages and to reveal their association with selection regarding body size and morphological features. Methods: Data of phenotypic measures from both body and head parts and growth traits were collected from 18 and 22 half sib Pabna calves, respectively. The body weight of newborn calves and respective dams were recorded separately. Each calf was allowed to drink 10% of milk for individual’s body weight from respective dam twice per day at calf shed. Result: Linear increasing trend observed in all morphological features from birth to yearling stages for both body and head characteristics of Pabna calves in which heart girth (63.33±1.31 cm at birth and 91.83±2.18 cm at pre-weaning), wither height (84.17±0.60 cm at pre-weaning), carpal circumference (10.50±0.50 cm at birth), mouth circumference (21.33±0.33 cm at birth and 26.58 cm at pre-weaning) and head length (30.08±0.99 cm at pre-weaning) had significant differences (p less than 0.05) in male calves compare to female. The effect of calves’ birth weight deferred significantly (p less than 0.05) for body length, heart girth, abdominal circumference, wither height and tail length in the calves’ group having ≥20 kg of birth weight compare to less than 20 kg. Body weight of Pabna calves also showed linear fashion from birth (19.56±2.11 kg) to yearling stages (112.33±3.30 kg) including moderate correlation at first (53%) and twelfth (48%) month and weak at weaning (7%) stages. The sex and birth weight of calf had significant effects (p less than 0.05) up to pre-weaning stage of calf but its continuation was not followed up to yearling stages.
The Incidence of Anterior and Posterior Presentation at Birth in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African Elephants (Loxodonta africana): A Review Study
Authors: Ilic Djordje , Ilic Aleksandra , Jakovljevic Branislava , Dzigurski Jelisaveta , Dragic Natasa , Simic Svetlana , Petkovic Branka , Sekulic Slobodan
Published: January 2021

A review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE (published articles) as well as World Wide Web (video material) to determine the frequency of anterior and posterior presentation of the elephant at birth. Of 46 identified cases, 12 were in anterior and 34 in posterior presentation. The Fisher exact test (p=0.682) did not show a statistically significant difference in the distribution of presentations between the Loxodonta africana (2 anterior and 10 posterior presentation) and Elephas maximus (10 anterior and 24 posterior presentation). The ratio between anterior and posterior presentation 6:29 (18.51% versus 81.49%) at birth without knowing dystocia, is significantly different from the distribution anterior and posterior presentation 6:3 (66.7% versus 33.3%) in cases with dystocia (Fisher exact test p = 0.012). Obtained data shows that posterior presentation at birth in elephants is more often present than anterior, while anterior presentation is more often associated with dystocia.
Düşük Ayak Kliniği ile Başvuran Hastaların Etiyolojik, Elektrofizyolojik ve Prognostik Özellikleri
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Fatma
Published: January 2021

Düşük ayağın en sık nedeni peroneal nöropati olup etiyolojide birçok neden vardır. Düşük ayak, kişilerin günlük faaliyetlerini önemli ölçüde etkiler. Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde nöroloji polikliniğine düşük ayak kliniği ile başvuran hastaların etiyolojik, elektrofizyolojik ve prognostik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Aralık 2017-Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasındanörofizyoloji laboratuvarına düşük ayak tanısıyla gönderilen ve tanısı elektronöromyografi ile doğrulanan 18 yaş üstü 80 hastanın verileri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Tüm analizler SPSS 20 yazılımı kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular; Düşük ayak kliniği ile başvuran hastaların cinsiyetler arasında yaş dağılımı benzerdi (P=0,718). Etiyolojide %31,25 (n=25) enjeksiyon, %18,75 (n=15)kesici/delici/ateşli silahla yaralanma, %16,25 (n=13) radikülopati, %12,5 (n=10) kemik fraktürü, %8,75 (n=7) cerrahi komlplikasyon, %5 (n=4) idiyopatik, %2,5 (n=2) herediter, %2,5 (n=2) metastaz, %2,5 (n=2) kilo kaybı-çömelme vardı. Sinir etkilenimine bakıldığı zaman hastaların (n=80) %86,3’ünde (n=69) peroneal sinir hasarı, %58,8’inde (n=47) tibial sinir hasarı, %57,5’inde (n=46) sural sinir hasarı vardı. Cinsiyete göre bakıldığında peroneal sinir hasarı kadınlarda %78,6 (n=22), erkeklerde %90,4 (n=47), tibial sinir hasarı kadınlarda %64,3 (n=18), erkeklerde %55,7 (n=29), sural sinir hasarı kadınlarda %50 (n=14), erkeklerde %61,5 (n=32) idi. Cinsiyete göre etiyolojik nedenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (P=0,001). Sonuç olarak nöromusküler yolun tüm yaralanma olasılıkları da dahil olmak üzere hastanın düşük ayak nedeni için kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmalıdır. Tanı sonrasında düşük ayak ilgili tüm uzmanların dahil olduğu multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla tedavi edilmelidir.
Enquête sérologique concernant les virus IBR, CHV2, BVD, PI3, RSB et bovipesti que chez les petits ruminants au Zaïre
Authors: Jetteur P. , Thiry Etienne , Pastoret Paul-Pierre
Published: January 2021

Une enquête sérologique a été réalisée sur plus de 400 sérums de petits ruminants du Zaïre envers les virus IBR, CHV2, BVD, PI3 bovin et ovin, RSB et bovipestique. Les sérums des animaux indigènes sont négatifs pour les virus BVD, PI3 et celui de la peste bovine; 8 p. 100 des sérums sont positifs pour le virus IBR et présentent tous des titres supérieurs envers le CHV2, 31 p. 100 des sérums sont positifs pour le virus RSB.
Observations sur la multiplication in vitro de cellules lymphoïdes bovines infectées par des schizontes de Theileria annulata
Authors: Pipano E. , Shkap V.
Published: January 2021

La multiplication des cellules bovines de lignée lymphoïde infectées par les schizontes de Theileria annulata a été étudiée. Dans les cellules à division par mitose, le schizonte occupait une position centrale pendant les dernières phases de la division, partagée en deux cellules nouvellement formées. Des cellules binucléées avec des schizontes situés entre les noyaux ont également été observées. On ne peut tirer aucune conclusion définitive quant au fait de savoir si ces cellules appartiennent à des phases situées dans la division sans mitose, ou si elles sont le résultat de la fusion de cellules infectées. On a noté de larges variations dans le nombre de noyaux des schizontes par cellule infectée, avec une moyenne de 12,2 noyaux par schizonte. La grande majorité des cellules en contenait 4 à 16.
Les dominantes du parasitisme helminthique chez les bovins en Ituri (Haut-Zaïre). II. Les associations parasitaires
Authors: Chartier C. , Bushu M. , Anican U.
Published: January 2021

Sept cent quatre-vingt un bovins ont été examinés à l'abattoir de Bunia (Ituri), d'août 1986 à décembre 1987, pour étudier les deux associations parasitaires suivantes : Fasciola sp., Schistosoma sp., paramphistomes et Fasciola sp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum sp. Les prévalences pour chaque parasite sont élevées : 96,5 p. 100 pour les paramphistomes, 58,1 p. 100 pour Schistosoma sp., 58,7 p. 100 à 61,9 p. 100 pour Fasciola sp., 90,5 p. 100 pour Haemonchus sp. et 75,5 p. 100 pour Oesophagostomum sp. Concernant l'association à trématodes, 41,3 p. 100 des 516 bovins examinés hébergent les trois parasites simultanément et une liaison significa t ive positive existe entre l'infection à Fasciola sp. et Schistosoma sp. Concernant l'association à Fasciola sp., Haemonchus sp. et Oesophago s tomum sp., 44,5 p. 100 des 265 bovins examinés présentent les trois helminthe s en même temps mais les infestations semblent indépendantes. Pour cette dernière association, les lésions organiques correspondantes sont modérées, laissant supposer des charges parasitaires peu importantes.
Enquête sérologique dans un pays sahélien, le Niger. Problèmes d'échantillonna ge et résultats de la sérosurveillance de la peste bovine
Authors: Bloch N. , Diallo I.
Published: January 2021

Une enquête sérologique portant sur 2815 sérums a été conduite en vue d'étudier la sérologie de la peste bovine au Niger. Les auteurs présentent dans un premier temps le protocole d'échantillonnage mis en place et envisagen t les biais qui peuvent en résulter. L'analyse des sérums est ensuite étudiée en fonction des facteurs suivants : âge, sexe, état vaccinal et lieu d'origine des sérums
Données préliminaires sur le contact glossines-petits ruminants dans le massif forestier du Mayombe, Congo
Authors: Bourzat Daniel , Gouteux J.P.
Published: January 2021

Dans cette étude, les auteurs rapportent les premières observations du contact glossines-petits ruminants dans le massif forestier du Mayombe (Congo). G. palpalis palpalis est le groupe de glossines le plus important sur cette zone, alors qu'on note une régression du groupe fusca. L'étude du tropisme alimentaire des mouches montre des préférences marquées pour les suidés et les reptiles. Les taux d'infestation étaient de 43,9 p. 100 chez les femelles et de 25,0 p. 100 chez les mâles. Les parasites les plus fréquemment rencontrés sont T. vivax, T. congolense et T. grayi. L'absence d'infection des glandes salivaires est mise en évidence par sonde DNA. Malgré l'absence de repas de sang pris sur les petits ruminants, la sérologie de ces animaux révèle un contact étroit entre ovins et caprins et le parasite.
Détection de la peste équine africaine au Quatar sur des chevaux récemment vaccinés avec un vaccin inactivé
Authors: Hassanain M.M. , Al Afaleq A.I. , Soliman I.M.A. , Abdullah S.K.
Published: January 2021

Deux chevaux de course arabes âgés de 7 ans ont montré des symptômes typiques de la peste équine (PE) au Quatar et sont morts peu après. Les chevaux avaient été vaccinés avec un vaccin inactivé au formol environ 10 jours avant le début de la maladie. Des prélèvements de sang ont permis d'isoler le virus de la PEA sur un seul prélèvement après inoculation intracérébrale sur des souriceaux nouveaux-nés. L'identité du virus a été confirmée par le test de fixation du complément à partir de l'antigène viral et du sérum hyperimmune de référence du virus de type 9 de la PEA. Le sérotype du virus isolé a été identifié par le test de neutralisation du sérum à l'aide des sérotypes de référence du virus de la PEA. Deux étiologies possibles sont suggérées : soit une resurgence endémique naturelle d'un virus dans le pays, soit la présence d'un virus infectant résiduel dans le vaccin inactivé.
Observation de sclérectasie dans un élevage de porc à Sotouboua, Togo
Authors: Marchot P. , Vermeylen A. , Hendrickx Guy , Leroy Philippe
Published: January 2021

Des cas de sclérectasie ont été décrits dans un élevage porcin à Sotouboua, Togo. Le virus de la peste porcine pourrait en être l'origine, la consanguinité étant un facteur prédisposant. Les éleveurs doivent rester vigilants.
Situation de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift à Madagascar en 1991. Enquêtes séro-épidémiologiques chez les bovins
Authors: Morvan Jacques , Rollin Pierre E. , Roux J.
Published: January 2021

Le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (FVR) a été isolé pour la première fois à Madagascar en 1979. Il n'a eu aucun impact en santé humaine ou animale jusqu'en 1990 et 1991, où plusieurs épizooties, marquées cliniquement par des avortements massifs chez des bovins, ont été décrites. Depuis, une surveillance sérologique a été mise en place, dans et autour des foyers, dans les zones à forte densité d'élevage bovin et à l'abattoir national d'Antananarivo. Sur la Côte est et les Hautes Terres, les pics de prévalence en IgM spécifiques sont, respectivement, contemporains des épizooties et diminuent les mois suivants. Une augmentation secondaire de la prévalence en IgG est notée dans toutes les régions explorées. Différentes hypothèses sur les circonstances d'apparition du virus à Madagascar, le déclenchement des épizooties et sur la circulation du virus dans l'île sont discutées.
Pterocarpus lucens Lepr. dans la région de Banh (Nord-Ouest du Burkina Faso, Afrique occidentale). Importance pastorale et état actuel des peuplements
Authors: Couteron Pierre , D'Aquino Patrick , Ouedraogo I.M.O.
Published: January 2021

Situé en zone soudano-sahélienne (14¼05' N et 02¼30' O, avec 550 mm de précipitations annuelles), le département de Banh est très largement consacré aux activités pastorales. Il s'ensuit une pression de plus en plus importante sur un pâturage aérien appauvri dont fait partie Pterocarpus lucens. Sur parcours, les prélèvements sont directs (jeunes individus, rejets) mais surtout par le biais d'émondages. La structure et l'état des peuplements ont été étudiés sur : les hauts de glacis gravillonnaires (fourrés tigrés), les bas de glacis (savanes arbustives), les bas-fonds (forêt claire). La seconde unité fait l'objet d'une utilisation pastorale forte durant la saison humide, les deux autres d'un usage modéré. Les mesures des différentes variables d'état des peuplements ont été faites selon un dispositif de sondage systématique stratifié. les densités d'arbres vivants ainsi que les taux de mortalité sont variables selon les situations écologiques; la régénération, en revanche, en dépend moins nettement et est relativement abondante. Une forte proportion de ses plants semblent condamnés à végéter du fait des abroutissements. Seule l'adoption de mises en défens tournantes peut être garante, à terme, du maintien des potentialités de Pterocarpus lucens.
Épidémiologie de la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine dans les Etats du nord du Nigeria. Mise à jour
Authors: Nwanta J.N. , Umoh J.U.
Published: January 2021

La présente étude porte sur une période de 20 ans (1970 à 1989). Elle confronte, année par année, les données concernant l'apparition d'épidémies de péripneumonie contagieuse bovine et la vaccination contre cette maladie, afin de déterminer la corrélation entre la vaccination et le nombre d'épidémies enregistré au Nigeria. Les résultats montrent que lorsque la vaccination a été intensifiée, de 1975 à 1986, les cas étaient moins nombreux. Le nombre de troupeaux atteints et le nombre total d'animaux morts enregistrés dans les troupeaux était en augmentation à la fin des années 80. Les données concernant la répartition saisonnière des épidémies révèlent qu'elles surviennent principalement au cours de la saison sèche (octobre à mars). Lorsque les données concernant la répartition géographique étaient inscrites sur une carte, selon les renseignements livrés par les fichiers sur les épidémies, il apparaissait qu'elles étaient principalement localisées au bord des cours d'eau. En outre, la morbidité des pays avoisinants était corrélée aux problèmes épidémiologiques du Nigeria.
Détection des anticorps anti-adénovirus dans le sérum de chevaux Polo au Nigeria
Authors: Adeyefa C.A.O. , Durojaiye O.A.
Published: January 2021

Des échantillons de sérum ont été recueillis chez 107 chevaux Polo présentant des symptômes cliniques de virose respiratoire afin de rechercher par précipito-diffusion en gélose et contre-immunoélectroph orèse des anticorps anti-adénovirus. Les résultats obtenus apportent la preuve sérologique de la présence d'une infection à adénovirus. La contre-immunoélectrophorèse s'est révélée environ trois fois plus sensible que le test de précipitation en gélose : 19,3 % contre 64,5 %. Cet examen pourrait donc servir au passage au crible d'un nombre important d'échantillons en peu de temps.
Lésions génitales et histopathologie chez des cobayes mâles infectés par des trypanosomes
Authors: Omeke B.C.O. , Onuora G.I.
Published: January 2021

Les effets de Trypanosoma brucei brucei et de Trypanosoma congolense ont été étudiés sur les organes génitaux, les testicules et les capacités de reproduction de 60 cobayes adultes mâles. Les infections provoquées par l'un ou l'autre de ces deux trypanosomes ont évolué de façon aiguë ou chronique. T. b. brucei semblait plus virulent que T. congolense. Dans les deux cas, la durée de l'infection avait une incidence significative (P < 0,01) sur la gravité de la diminution des poids corporel et gonadique, sur celle de l'indice de masse testiculaire et sur l'ampleur des lésions. Les lésions histopathologiques comprenaient des infiltrations de cellules mononucléées, une déformation des tubes séminifères et une dégénérescence des cellules germinales. Les trypanosomes altéraient la capacité de reproduction des cobayes en modifiant la biosynthèse des hormones, ainsi que la production et les réserves de sperme. L'utilisation du cobaye comme modèle expérimental pour étudier la trypanosomose chez les animaux domestiques fait ici l'objet d'une discussion.
Theorization of the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school
Authors: Kazantseva Nelli A. , Kozyrev Nikolay A. , Kozyreva Olga A.
Published: January 2021

We define the features of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school as an innovative model and technology for solving problems of personality development. The problems of theorization the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school are identified and systemically justified, the goal of theorization the possibilities of manag-ing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school is indicated. The concepts of “managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school”, “theorization the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school” in the traditional (broad meaning, narrow meaning, local meaning) and innovative perspectives of scientific theorization (personalized meaning, unified meaning, synergistic meaning). The compo-nents of scientific and pedagogical research are theorized in refinement and detail of models of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school, functions of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educa-tional environment of the sports school, principles of managing the involvement quality of a per-son in the sports and educational environment of the sports school, technologies of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school. We define the pedagogical conditions for increasing involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school. Perspectives of theorization and realization of possibilities of involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school are highlighted.
Reasons and conditions for the development of women community religious movement in the period of the great reforms of 19th century
Authors: Sergunin Vladimir A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the history of women monasticism in the second half of the XIX and the beginning of XX century. The reasons and conditions of growing expansion for women religious and community movement are being explored. Among the reasons the following are considered: degradation of the system of traditional spiritual values (family, marriage, childhood, secularization of everyday life); decrease of marriage rates, caused by an outflow of the male population to military service and transformation of gender behavior, increase of education, personal identity and social activity of women. The named reasons are stratified in relation
to urban and rural female population. The Highest Manifesto on the Abolition of Serfdom of Feb-ruary 19, 1861, the final edition of which was made by St. Philaret (Drozdov), is considered as the main event that influenced the indicators of the quantitative growth of monastic cloisters, which predetermined systemic changes in the life of the state and society. On the basis of all-Russian and local examples, the process of modernization of the traditional communal order is traced, the loss of which was made up for by the communal (cenoby) way of life of the monastery. Statistical indicators of the growth of female monastic activity during the second half of the XIXth century are presented. Attention is focused on the issue of changing mentality under the influence of modernization, practicality, rationalism. The most influential force that changed the traditional mentality of the female part of the population of the Tambov province is characterized by otkhodniki. The testimonies of Russian writers are presented, confirming both the general decline of spiritual and moral values, and the desire to protect traditional spiritual values. The female monastery community is seen as a model for the successive preservation of traditional spiritual Orthodox values. Examples of the high devotion of women nuns of the 19th century are provided.
The social prestige of the professions of a documentalist and archivist in Russia
Authors: Medvedeva Olga V.
Published: January 2021

The work is devoted to the issue of the social prestige of the professions of a documentalist and archivist in Russia. The prestige of the professions is indicated by the data of scientific publications and examples taken from the works of fiction and art, which are also a reflection of the public perceptions of each historical stage. Professions are formed simultaneously with the de-velopment of public administration, and their prestige depended on the level of the hierarchy at which a particular position was located. One of the highest posts in the state service of the Russian Empire was the position of personal secretary. A prestigious service was considered to be in the Moscow Archive of the College of Foreign Affairs. In the 19th century the posts of secretary and state secretary were prestigious. In the first half of the 20th century, the replacement of old quali-fied personnel with ordinary workers takes place. In the second half of the 20th century we can talk about a certain rise in prestige by continuing to organize the scientific organization of labor, creating a powerful material, technical and legal basis that regulates records management and archiving. Currently, there are changes in the technology of working with documents related to digitalization, the emergence of new positions, the profession of documentalist is in demand and is more universal in comparison with the profession of archivist. On the basis of the analysis of the questionnaire of archivists, we identify the key factors of the prestige of the documentalist and archivist, among which the main ones are economic and social. A number of state-economic, vocational-educational and public measures are proposed to increase the prestige of professions.
Historical and logical analysis of research on the development of professional value orientations of students in the context of Internet socialization
Authors: Chvanova Marina S. , Kiselyova Irina A.
Published: January 2021

We examine the formation of the concept of “value orientations”, “professional value orientations of students”. The classification is presented taking into account the following profes-sional value orientations: “professional and personal”, “professional and group”, “social and pro-fessional”. Professional value orientations are analyzed taking into account their importance, with subdivision into instrumental and terminal ones. We consider the development of professional value orientations in a historical and logical sequence with a change of stages, with characteristic features, taking into account the presented classification. The following periods are considered: the second half of the 19th – early 20th century, 20–40s of the 20th century, 50–60s of the 20th century, 60–80s of the 20th century, 80–90s of the 20th century, 21th century. The characteristic features of the stage, the means of influencing the value orientations of young people, are analyzed, which made it possible to identify the transformation of professional value orientations over time, including in the context of Internet socialization.
Derechos humanos y las entidades no humanas: algunas reflexiones sobre las corporaciones
Authors: Laukyte Migle
Published: January 2021

El trabajo se ocupa de la cuestión de si los derechos humanos pueden atribuirse a las personas no humanas, y en especifico, a las corporaciones. Se analiza tal posibilidad (a) mirando a la relación entre los derechos humanos y las corporaciones a través de la libertad de empresa como derecho fundamental, (b) observando el proceso de “humanización” de la corporación en los tribunales, y (c) explicando que reconocer los derechos humanos a no humanos no siempre es prejudicial para las personas humanas.
José Luis López-Aranguren: democracia, moral, juventud y educación universitaria
Authors: Rincón Verdera Joan Carles
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo persigue poner de manifiesto, desde la perspectiva cívica y moral, una parte del discurso educacional de José Luis López-Aranguren. En particular, presento su visión de futuro sobre la universidad española del último tercio del siglo XX y su relación con las demandas que la juventud de su tiempo estaba planteando. En este sentido, Aranguren entendía que una universidad renovada y atenta a los problemas sociales podría contribuir activamente a conseguir los cambios necesarios que pusieran a España en el camino de la democracia como forma moral de vida; una universidad comprometida con los problemas de su tiempo y con las inquietudes de los jóvenes del momento.
Silvia SALARDI, Lo sport come diritto umano nell’era del post-humano
Authors: De Asís Rafael
Published: January 2021

Este artículo reseña: Silvia SALARDI,  Lo sport come diritto umano nell’era del post-humano. G. Giappichelli Editore, Torino 2019, 112 pp.
Gamification as instrument of professional orientation for schoolchildren
Authors:   Ural Institute of Management — branch of RANEPA, Spirina N.A. , Makovkina S.A.
Published: January 2021

Researched is the problem of new methods of vocational guidance of schoolchildren, because traditional forms lose their effectiveness and relevance. Such new method, as gamification, might ensure maximum involvement of participants in vocational guidance process, allow to “test” a particular profession in game created reality, and that will help to choose future career soundly. The purpose of this study is to justify relevance of incorporating gamification technology into career counseling activities and to develop practical recommendations on the use of live-action games to form psychological readiness of schoolchildren for professional self-determination. The use of gaming technologies and mechanic will allow the student to be immersed in created alternative reality, in what he gets the opportunity to feel like a specialist performing real labor function that gives a clear understanding of a certain professional activity. The authors substantiate the main advantages of gamification in career-oriented work, such as involvement, motivation, replayability and development of meta-subject skills (soft skills). The article offers three basic scenarios of live action games, as a career guidance activities for high school students, developed on the basis of the authorities’ specifics. The authors substantiate effectiveness of application of innovative methods in vocational guidance of schoolchildren. The scenarios proposed by the authors might be used for any professional activity, lend themselves to adaptation and modification, and not only increase effectiveness of career guidance measures due to the high degree of involvement of participants, but also develop meta-subject skills of senior classes’ schoolchildren.
Institutional foundations of political socialization of youth as factors of civic participation in management of life of society
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Arkhipova A.A. , Zerchaninova T.E. , Nikitina A.S. ,   Ural Institute of Management — branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2021

Presented is research in the problem of political socialization of the youth. Socialization of individual plays the role as a way of forming a political picture of the world among young people, determining degree of participation in management of society that is an important component of the process of socialization of the individual as a whole. At the same time, today there is no holistic understanding of institutions through which the process of political socialization of youth can be carried out. The main purpose of this work is to conduct a systematic analysis of the list of forms of direct participation of young people in political life of society as a means of political socialization. In this regard, the authors have classified these forms into two groups, i.e. traditional ones, established by special laws forms of political participation of citizens in the life of the country, and alternative ones, implemented in the framework of state youth policy. On the basis of research results of the department of political psychology, faculty of philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, aimed at comparative analysis of the nature of political socialization and re-socialization of different age groups, substantiated is gradual decrease in the role of traditional institutions in political socialization with variety of alternative ones. Also defined are place and role in the life of modern young person of such institutions as elections, political parties and various forms of youth self-government.
Basic principles of designing training system for specialists in demand in territories of advanced socio-economic development
Authors:   Yurga Technological Institute — Branch of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University and at Ural State Economic University, Lizunkov V.G.
Published: January 2021

Presented are results of the authors’ research in the context of principles of projecting the system of training needed specialists on territories of advance development of advanced social economic development (ASED). Presented are three principal stages, characterized internal logic of formation of the system of ASED. Revealed is successive algorithm of variative projecting of the system of training of needed specialists in ASED. Defined are key targets of projecting of the system, and among them are strategic ones, determining by distant results of development of professional training, tactical ones, connecting with changes in the system on stages, and also operational ones, needed for solution of problems in the course of projecting. Described are key features of the system of training needed specialists on ASED, incl. actual skills of future specialists in the sphere of machine building, principal of which are informational, valuable, entrepreneurial and introduction ones. Fixed is, that building of the system of training a specialist, needed on ASED, must be made with the use of projection of named factors as to chosen territory.
On the problem of intensification of introduction of informational communicative technologies into educational process at regional universities
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Bezpalov A.G. , Akulich T.V. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: January 2021

Revealed is the essence of the problem of introducing information and communication technologies in educational process at regional universities against the background of a new wave of transformation of Russian education. The article highlights shortcomings of educational process at higher education institutions, incl. formalization of approaches to introduction of informational and communicative technologies at regional universities in the absence of clear technical and material base. Based on an empirical study of two regional universities, specifics of using informational and communicative technologies are revealed. The purpose of the research is to develop the strategy of the triad “education — practice — business”, that involves intensification of efforts to find approaches to attracting potential employers to development of informational and communicative technology base of regional universities. Conclusion is made that currently it is important to involve business representatives into creation of modern informational and communicative environment of universities that promotes integration of curricula in real business situations, in construct of modern markets, as well as in forming students’ flexibility in learning process.
Experiences of Caring Through Providing Touch Near End-of-Life
Authors: Reed Sean M. , Smith Marlaine C. , Kutner Jean S.
Published: January 2021

We analyzed interviews from participants who provided massage or simple touch to patients with advanced cancer near end of life. We employed qualitative, descriptive, content analysis to participants responding to a semistructured interview. Three themes emerged that align with a unitary caring perspective: caring relationships, pattern recognition and wholeness, and transformations and transcendence. Findings from this study are significant for human care and caring. Providing touch for those near end of life is a catalyst in developing caring relationships and essential for holistic practice.
Understanding Servant Leadership in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Neville Kathleen , Conway Kimberly , Maglione Joyce , Connolly Katherine A. , Foley Marie , Re Silvia
Published: January 2021

Despite the abundance of servant leadership literature, scholars recognize the need for a more precise conceptualization of the concept. Although the predominant literature emanates from organizational management and industry describing servant leadership as a theory, model, philosophy, or leadership style, less attention has focused on servant leadership in academia, and most notably in nursing. The purpose of this analysis is to clarify the concept of servant leadership and to provide further delineation of this highly relevant, but elusive concept in nursing. Findings of this concept analysis identify a linkage among servant leadership characteristics, caring theories, and the profession of nursing.
A Mathematical Interpretation and Validation of the Streamline's Shape Theory for Inviscid-Incompressible Flows & Viscid-Compressible Flows of the Newtonian Fluids
Authors: George Yuvaraj
Published: January 2021

This article objectively assesses, the hypothesis of the streamline's shape theory and its formulated equation. The deduction of proof uses algebra rather than first-order partial differential equations to address the specific hypothesis of "Streamline's shape theory" from the fundamental perspective of applied mathematics and scientifically derives mathematical relations of the axioms and corollaries in the field of fluid dynamics. The algebraic methods employed provide progressively more distinct and precise solutions compared to first-order partial differential equations. The foremost objective of this work is to evaluate if the formulations of the streamline's shape theory can have solutions for inviscid-incompressible and viscid-compressible flows of Newtonian fluids and to identify their nature. Secondly, to understand how the topology of the body and the free-stream conditions affect these solutions with due regards to the shape and size of the body interacting with the fluid flow. Finally, to explore the possibility of this theory to develop a CFD solver for streamline simulation to reduce the experimentation in the analysis of flow-structure interactions of Newtonian fluids and also to identify its scope of applications and limitations.
Influence of Successive Chemicals and Thermochemical Treatments on Surface Features of Ti6Al4V Samples Manufactured by SLM
Authors: González Jesús E. , Armas Gabriela de , Negrin Jeidy , Beltrán Ana M. , Trueba Paloma , Gotor Francisco J. , Peón Eduardo , Torres Yadir
Published: January 2021

Ti6Al4V samples obtained by selective laser melting were subjected to acid treatment, chemical oxidation in hydrogen peroxide solution and subsequent thermochemical treatment. The effect of temperature and time of acid etching of Ti6Al4V samples on surface roughness, morphology, topography and chemical and phase composition after the thermochemical treatment was studied. The surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and contact profilometry. Pore and protrusion sizes were measured. Acid etching modified the elemental composition and surface roughness of the alloy. Temperature had a greater influence on the morphology, topography and surface roughness of samples than time. Increases in roughness values were observed when applying successive chemical oxidation and thermochemical treatment compared to the values observed on surfaces with acid etching. After the thermochemical treatment, the samples with acid etching at a temperature of 80 °C showed a multiscale topography. In addition, a network-shaped structure was obtained on all surfaces, both on their protrusions and pores previously formed during the acid etching.
The Temperature Inside the Part in Powder Bed Fuison
Authors: Nathaniel Wood , David Hoelzle
Published: January 2021

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a type of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology that builds parts in a layer-by-layer fashion out of a bed of metal powder via the selective melting action of a laser or electron beam heat source. The technology has become widespread, however the demand is growing for closed loop process monitoring and control in PBF systems to replace the open loop architectures that exist today. This paper demonstrates the simulated efﬁcacy of applying closed-loop state estimation to the problem of monitoring temperature ﬁelds within parts during the PBF build process. A simpliﬁed LTI model of PBF thermal physics with the properties of stability, controllability and observability is presented. An Ensemble Kalman Filter is applied to the model. The accuracy of this ﬁlters’ predictions are assessed in simulation studies of the temperature evolution of various test parts when subjected to simulated laser heat input. The signiﬁcant result of this study is that the ﬁlter supplied predictions that were about 2.5x more accurate than the open loop model in these simulation studies.
Steel Frames Exposed to Severe Ground Motions: Use of Viscous Dampers and Buckling Restrained Braces to Dissipate Earthquake Induced Energy
Authors: Hansu Osman , Guneyisi Esra Mete
Published: January 2021

This study addresses an alternative use of viscous dampers (VDs) associated with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as the innovative seismic protection devices. For this, 4, 8 and 12 storey steel frames were designed with 6.5 m equal span length and 4 m storey height. Thereafter, the VDs and BRBs were placed over the height of each frame considering three different configurations. The structures were modeled using SAP2000 finite element program and evaluated by the nonlinear time history analyses subjected to the six natural accelerograms (1976 Gazlı, 1978 Tabas, 1987 Superstition Hills, 1992 Cape Mendocino, 1994 Northridge and 1999 Chi-Chi). The structural response of the structures with and without VDs and BRBs were studied in terms of variation in the displacement, interstorey drift, absolute acceleration, maximum base shear, time history of roof displacement. The results clearly indicated that the application of VDs and BRBs had remarkable improvement in the earthquake performance of the case study frames by reducing the local/global deformations in the main structural systems and satisfied the serviceability.
Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs: Updated Review
Authors: Alkattan Abdullah , Alsalameen Eman , Ahmed Amr
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The mechanism of action of drugs that depress the central nervous system (CNS) was unknown until molecular pharmacology discovered each drug's exact role. The benefit of knowing the mechanism of action is to design a new drug that could have the same efficacy as the prototype drug but with fewer side effects. Some of the available CNS depressant drugs that were abused or illegally used could be modified to make them used medically. Methods: We reviewed various published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar that focused on CNS depressants' molecular pharmacology.Results: It was clear that at specific plasma concentrations of ethyl alcohol showed almost same mode of action of propofol by targeting the extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors, which causes tonic GABAergic inhibition. Besides, the High affinity of some benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam) to α1 subunit of GABA-A receptor causes sedative, hypnotic, amnesic, and some antiepileptic effects; however, some other benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam) have high affinity to α3 subunits, which causes anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and strong antiepileptic effects. The CB1 receptor partial agonism effect of tetrahydrocannabinol has a sedative advantage over full agonism due to desensitization of CB1 receptors. Conclusion: From the molecular pharmacology prospect, it is possible to design new drugs with more specific CNS depressants effect and fewer side effects by targeting particular receptors with a precise reaction.
Analysis of binary activity of Lactofiltrum
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Yankova V.G. , Udyanskaya I.L. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Grigoryeva S.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gribanova S.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Slonskaya T.K. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zhukova A.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Plakhotnaya O.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gryaznov K.O. ,   Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kurzaeva A.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Karpova P.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Lactofiltrum is a combination drug, pharmacological action of which is associated with the properties of its active components, namely lignin and lactulose. The effects of Lactofiltrum include normalization of the colon microbiota, decrease in the intensity of endogenous toxic conditions, and possibility of using it in patients of different age (the drug is recommended for adults and children >1 year of age); these properties of Lactofiltrum explain its popularity among doctors of various specialties and patients. Objective. To analyze the binary activity of Lactofiltrum using the methods of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the adsorption and prebiotic actions. Materials and methods. Microphotographs of the morphology and surface texture of Lactofiltrum were obtained using the OlympusBX-51 optical microscope. The following methods were proposed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the adsorption and prebiotic actions of Lactofiltrum: method of ‘visual qualitative assessment of the enterosorbent adsorption activity’ and reverse complexometric titration. Prebiotic activity was evaluated using microbiological methods. Conclusion. Our experimental study confirmed high adsorption and prebiotic activity of Lactofiltrum. Key words: adsorption and prebiotic activity, Lactofiltrum, microbiocenosis, drug for children older than 1 year of age
Development of acute kidney injury in children with acute intestinal infections
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grebenkina E.Yu. , Usenko D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chugunova O.L. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vdovina D.M. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Acute intestinal infections are the fourth most common cause of death among children under 5 years of age and the fifth most common cause of lost years of life worldwide. High incidence of se-vere forms and complications, as well as frequent development of critical conditions requiring hospitalization in the intensive care unit necessitate further investigation of pathogenesis and development of diagnostic and treatment methods for this polyetiological group of diseases. This article provides the latest data on the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), its incidence among children with intestinal infections, diagnostic tactics, including the use of early markers, features of AKI in patients treated in hospital, and outcomes, including the transition to chronic kidney disease. Doctors of different specialties should be careful about AKI in children with various infectious diseases, particularly those with diarrhea, in order to prevent AKI progression, exclude nephrotoxic drugs, and monitor kidney function in dynamics. Key words: children, acute intestinal infection, acute kidney injury