bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brucellosis: A Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Aladejana Oluwatoyin , Folarin Onikepe , Ogunlade Ayodele
Published: August 2024

Brucellosis is among the top neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as recorded by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is referred to as neglected because it is poorly attended to when it comes to its prevention and control over a long period of time. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella which include B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis. Animals with brucellosis are usually with a history of spontaneous abortion or infertility which invariably leads to low productivity. Brucella is transmitted from animals (cattle, dogs, swine, camels and goats) to humans through direct contact or indirect contact (ingestion of infected food products, or inhalation of aerosols). This disease has been reported as an important cause of fever of unknown origin particularly among occupationally exposed individuals. This disease is often easily misdiagnosed as other febrile syndromes such as malaria and typhoid fever. This has therefore resulted in mistreatments and underreporting. Brucellosis can be diagnosed through culturing, serological techniques, and most importantly through molecular techniques. This will enable adequate and correct treatment in order to avoid economic loss through trial-and-error approach to treatment. The road towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals, (SDGs) number 3 in the areas of good health and well-being should focus more on detection, treatment, and elimination of NTDs.
Does excision of giant cell tumor from the finger affect sensorineural innervation?
Authors: Akyurek Mustafa , Kaya Berkay
Published: August 2024

Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath (GCTTS), often manifested as a nodular mass in the hand, presents significant challenges for surgical intervention, particularly when located in the fingers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GCTTS excision on sensory function and to explore the relationship between surgical outcomes and factors such as smoking and nerve dissection. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 patients diagnosed with GCTTS in the fingers, who underwent surgical excision between March 2017 and March 2023. Preoperative and postoperative sensory functions were assessed using two-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament tests. The results indicated no significant difference in sensory function 6 months post-surgery, suggesting that meticulous surgical technique can mitigate the risk of iatrogenic nerve damage. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic methodologies, including thorough medical history, physical examination, and radiological imaging, in guiding surgical strategies. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of meticulous preoperative planning and the potential for preserving sensory function following GCTTS excision.
CLINICO-DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG THE OLDER ADULTS IN SELECTED SPECIALTY CLINICS IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA.
Authors: Kareem Y , Adesina I , Odunbaku K , Kareem F , Ogualili P , Uwakwe R
Published: August 2024

Background:
Older adults with chronic medical conditions have a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, which may be linked to the chronicity of their illnesses. This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with chronic medical conditions attending specialty clinics in Maiduguri.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving older adults aged 60 years and above, utilizing a consecutive sampling approach over a period of six months. Participants completed the sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical proforma and assessment using Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with significance level set at 0.05. Non-parametric tests were employed to compare continuous dependent variables that were not normally distributed across different groups of independent variables.
Results:
The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 66.6 (±5.5) years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 14.7%. It was higher among the 70-79 age group, the widowed, and those with no formal education. There was a significant association of cognitive impairment with the medical conditions (p = 0.001). It was worst among those with hypertension-diabetes comorbidity, those with the longest duration for ≥21 years, those using ≥5 medications, and those with 3-4 previous admissions.
Conclusion:
The present findings hold significance for the healthcare of older adults, as they can enhance clinical procedures by raising awareness regarding cognitive impairment. Additionally, these findings may contribute to the establishment of a comprehensive approach to their care, bridging the gap between psychiatric and medical practices.
Exploring the microscopic eyeball of cyanobacteria: A comprehensive review
Authors: Haddad Mohammed F , Abdullah Basima A , Haddad Mustafa F , Saadi Ali M
Published: August 2024

Cyanobacteria resemble algae in that they contain chlorophyll and then photosynthesize and oxygen is released as a result. Cyanobacteria resemble bacteria in that they are Gram-negative bacteria and their wall consists of peptidoglycan and contain a primitive nucleus and do not contain chloroplasts but membranes called thylakoids that contain the chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria produce their own energy through photosynthesis, just like plants. Scientists from America said that they made an "energy generator" using a bottle containing bacteria and sewage, and that the efficiency of these "microbes connected to wires" reached 30%, which is equivalent to the efficiency of the best solar cells currently commercially available. The researchers explained in their study, the results of which were published in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Sciences, that it is still necessary to find a suitable metal to manufacture an important part of this small "generator", which is a cathode, which is the electrode of the electrical circuit where the process of reducing electrons occurs, as an alternative to the silver oxide that they currently use. The idea of using bacteria as a source of energy generation is not new, and through this idea, bacteria that live on natural waste can be exploited and release excess electrons through a complex mechanism of cells during this process that leads to the conversion of chemical energy into an electric current. It is expected that water purification plants will be the place for these microbial generators, as public wastewater is rich in natural materials, in addition to the fact that not only will electricity be produced there, but the water will be purified at the same time, which reduces the operating costs of these stations. However.
Sorting growing-finishing pigs by weight fails to improve growth performance or weight variation
Authors: O'Quinn Patrick , Dritz Steve , Goodband Robert , Tokach Mike , Swanson Janice , Nelssen Jim , Musser Robert
Published: August 2024

Objective: To examine the effects on growth performance when growing-finishing pigs are sorted uniformly by weight at placement. Methods: Pigs selected from a group of 384 were sorted into Heavy (37.1 +/- 1.4 kg), Medium (34.0 +/- 0.77 kg), and Light (30.2 +/- 2.0 kg) groups, or placed in an Unsorted group (33.8 +/- 3.2 kg) with a mean starting weight similar to that of the Medium pigs, but with quadruple the variation. Pigs and feeders were weighed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 70, and 91 for determination of ADG, ADFI, feed efficiency, and within-pen pig weight variation. Results: From day 0 to 91, ADG of Unsorted pigs and Heavy pigs did not differ, but was greater (P<.05) than that of Medium or Light pigs. Grouping had no effect on overall ADFI. Feed efficiency did not differ (P=.25) for Heavy, Medium, and Unsorted pigs, but Light pigs were less efficient (P<.05) than Heavy pigs. Final body weights differed for each group (P<.05) and ranked in the following descending order: Heavy, Unsorted, Medium, and Light. Mean final weights of Unsorted pigs were greater (P<.05) than mean final weights of all sorted pigs. No differences in within-pen SD were detectable (P=.13) by the end of the study. Implications: Sorting pigs into finishing pens by weight has no effect on final variability in individual body weights. Placing pigs without sorting by weight may increase the amount of pork produced from a system and reduce turnaround time in barns.
A retrospective study of mortality in grow-finish pigs in a multi-site production system
Authors: Maes Dominiek , Larriestra Alejandro , Deen John , Morrison Robert
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To investigate overall and weekly mortality in grow-finish pigs in a large multi-site production system, and to assess the associated financial losses. Materials and methods: Between January 1996 and January 2000, mortality was investigated retrospectively in 14 swine complexes, including 146 closeouts comprising 1,345,127 pigs. Overall mortality during the entire grow-finish period was expressed as deaths per 1000 pig weeks. Weekly mortality was the number of pigs that died during a week divided by the average inventory of pigs during that week. Opportunity costs of mortality were assessed for each year of the study. Results: Mean overall mortality during the 4 years was 3.23 per 1000 pig weeks. Mortality increased steadily from 2.6 (1996) to 3.6 per 1000 pig weeks (1999) (P<.001). Late mortality was consistently greater than early mortality (P<.001), and increased from 3.1 (1996) to 5.5 pigs per 1000 pig weeks (1999) (P<.001). Opportunity costs due to overall mortality increased from $2.86 per marketed pig in 1996 to $5.22 in 1999, with late mortality, which was more pronounced during fall months, accounting for about two thirds of these total costs ($US). Implications: Increased mortality rates occur mainly in older, more valuable finishing pigs and cannot be predicted by early mortality. Mortality records should be analyzed to investigate patterns. Weekly mortality rates may be calculated using the record keeping systems used in many US swine farms. Causes of death and risk factors for the seasonal change in mortality pattern warrant further research.
Using serology in combination with acute phase proteins and cortisol to determine stress and immune function of early-weaned pigs
Authors: Grellner Gene , Fangman Thomas , Carroll Jeffrey , Wiedmeyer Charles
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To evaluate serum concentrations of cortisol and acute phase proteins (APPs), specifically alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (HPT), in the same early-weaned pigs over time and to determine whether changes in these APPs or cortisol are associated with health status and performance in pigs. Methods: Groups of pigs were evaluated in two management systems, wean-nursery-finish (WNF; 998 pigs) and wean-to-finish (WF; 999 pigs). Serum samples were obtained from the same 20 pigs in each group at weaning and at approximately 50, 85, 110, and 130 days of age. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were endemic in this herd. Fisher’s r to z analysis was used to determine relationships between serum APPs, serum cortisol, and serum titers for M hyopneumoniae and PRRSV. Results: There were no production differences between WNF and WF groups. Serum AGP was negatively correlated with weight and PRRS S:P ratio in both groups, but there was no correlation between AGP and M hyopneumoniae titer. In WF pigs, HPT persistently increased, while a sharp increase occurred in WNF pigs on entry into the finisher. Serum HPT was highly correlated with M hyopneumoniae titer in WNF pigs but not WF pigs. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, increased serum AGP was negatively correlated with body weight, suggesting that an activated cellular immune response is a detriment to growth rate. Further investigations are needed to determine whether these or other APPs are reliable predictors of disease status in swine.
Three cases of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection
Authors: Harms Perry , Halbur Patrick , Sorden Steven
Published: August 2024

Pneumonia associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is being diagnosed in an increasing number of respiratory disease cases in growing swine. Multiple viral infections are commonly diagnosed in cases of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. In the year 2000, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was present in 42% of these cases, PCV2 was present in 22%, swine influenza virus (SIV) was present in 19%, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was present in 22%. In this report, three clinical cases are described in which there were concurrent infections with PCV2 and PRRSV, PCV2 and SIV, and PCV2 and M hyopneumoniae. Prolonged and unusually severe clinical disease, unique histologic lesions of lymphoid depletion and airway fibrosis, and abundant PCV2 antigen within these lesions suggest that PCV2 is playing a pathogenic role in PRDC.
Effect of concurrent infections on persistence and shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Authors: Mengeling William , Wesley Ronald , Lager Kelly , Vorwald Ann , Clouser Deborah
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the duration of persistence and shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) for pigs inoculated with one or both viruses. Methods: Pigs were allocated to three principal groups (Principal Groups A, B, and C: four pigs per group). They were inoculated with PRRSV (Principal Groups B and C) at 14 +/- 2 days old (Day 0) and with TGEV (Principal Groups A and C) on Day 13. On Day 28 and at or about 14-day intervals (up to and including Day 83), a group of two age-matched, naive pigs were placed in contact with each Principal Group for an interval of 10 days. Samples obtained at selected intervals from both principals and contacts were tested for PRRSV (sera and lung lavage samples) and TGEV (rectal swabs). Sera were also tested for antibody to both viruses. Results: Contact transmission of PRRSV and TGEV was detected for 56 and 15 days, respectively. A longer interval of infectionwith PRRSV (up to 121 days) was detected when samples from principals were tested using a nested-set polymerase chain reaction. Concurrent infection with PRRSV and TGEV did not enhance clinical effects, shedding, or persistence of eithervirus. Implications: Pigs infected with PRRSV and TGEV should be kept isolated for more than 8 and 2 weeks, respectively, to reduce the chance for virus transmission. Concurrent infection with TGEV and PRRSV is likely to have little or no effect on subsequent shedding or persistence of either virus.
Effectiveness of a single intramuscular dose of ceftiofur hydrochloride for the treatment of naturally occurring bacterial swine respiratory disease
Authors: Meeuwse David , Kausche Fabian , Hallberg John , Bryson Lawrence , Dame Kenneth
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ceftiofur hydrochloride (HCl) administered once at 5.0 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE) per kg bodyweight (BW) for treatment of naturally occurring bacterial swine respiratory disease (SRD). Methods: Pigs (3.6 to 24.5 kg) in eight commercial herds were enrolled in the study. Pigs that exhibited clinical signs of SRD were randomly assigned to receive one intramuscular (IM) injection of either ceftiofur HCl at 5.0 mg CE per kg BW (141 pigs) or placebo (137 pigs) on Day 0. Necropsies were performed and lung lesions scored by a veterinarian on pigs that died and on all surviving pigs on Day 14. Microbiological identification of bacterial organisms was performed on the lungs of all pigs. Results: Mortality rate was lower (P<.05) for the ceftiofur-treated pigs (2.1%) than for the placebo-treated pigs (7.3%). Rate of clinical cure (defined prior to the study), lung lesion scores, and percentage of pigs that gained at least 2.5 kg in the 14 days after enrollment did not differ for ceftiofur-treated and placebo-treated pigs. Body temperatures for ceftiofur-treated pigs were lower than for placebo-treated pigs on Days 1 and 3. Implications: A single IM injection of ceftiofur HCl at 5.0 mg CE per kg BW reduced mortality and body temperature (Days 1 and 3 after injection) for pigs with SRD associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis. To effectively treat pigs for SRD, the standard, 3-day, full course therapy of ceftiofur HCl is recommended.
Experimental injection of gilts with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) during acclimatization
Authors: Batista Laura , Pijoan Carlos , Torremorell Montserrat
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the serological patterns of seroconversion in seronegative and seropositive replacement gilts after inoculation with the homologous strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as a method of acclimatiza-tion. Methods: In five herds, groups of replacement gilts that differed in PRRSV serological and exposure status were monitored by PRRS ELISA during the isolation-acclimatization period. Prior to arrival and isolation of the replacement animals, a potential source of herd-specific PRRSV was located. In each nursery, blood was collected 1 week after seroconversion from pigs that were presumed to be PRRSV-viremic. Serum from these animals was used as the inoculum for the replacement gilts. Five days post arrival (Day 0), gilts in Category A (seronegative gilts) and Category B (sero-positive gilts) received an intramuscular injection of 2 mL of the serum preparation. Animals in Category C (seropositive gilts) were not exposed to PRRSV during acclimatization. Results: All Category A gilts seroconverted by 21 days post-inoculation, and ELISA sample:positive ratios decreased approximately 7 weeks after inoculation. Category B and C gilts had mixed responses after 21 days. Sample:positive ratios increased in the seropositive, inoculated gilts (Category B) and decreased in the seropositive, non-inoculated group (Category C). Implications: Inoculation of PRRSV-negative replacement gilts with serum from nursery pigs presumed to be PRRSV-viremic resulted in seroconversion of all 50 gilts tested.
Establishment of a herd negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from PRRSV-positive sources
Authors: Torremorell Montserrat , Moore Camille , Christianson William
Published: August 2024

Objective: To establish a herd negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from PRRSV-positive sources by management of the gilt pool and batching of pig flow. Methods: Two groups of PRRSV-positive gilts were housed in common acclimatization areas for 70 to 100 days, bred in an off-site finishing facility, and farrowed in a separate facility. Piglets weaned at 5 to 7 days of age were moved to off-site nurseries in weekly batches and mixed with cohort sentinel piglets from a PRRSV-negative herd. Each nursery batch was tested for PRRSV twice by PCR and once by ELISA. Two to five negative batches were grouped in off-site grower facilities, and tested again. Negative groups moved to a quarantine facility. Negative quarantine groups were used for stocking the PRRSV-negative herd. Results: Of the 31 batches of nursery pigs produced, three batches, born 2, 4, and 6 weeks after farrowings started, were PRRSV-positive. Six grower groups (comprising 23 nursery batches) that were PRRSV-negative after repeated testing were assembled into five groups in a quarantine facility and remained PRRSV-negative. Two grower groups were rejected. A total of 9500 pigs were produced, from which 3415 pigs were selected to stock the PRRSV-negative herd. Implications: A PRRSV-negative population was established from positive sources by managing the gilt pool and batching the pig flow, allowing for preservation of elite genetics. It appeared that PRRSV infection, indicated by lack of seroconversion in the offspring, eventually either disappeared or became inactive in the donor gilt population.
Effect of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae sow vaccination on piglet colonization at weaning
Authors: Ruiz Alvaro , Utrera Vitelio , Pijoan Carlos
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at weaning in litters originated from vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. Materials and methods: A weekly production group of sows from an 800-sow commercial herd was randomly divided into two treatment groups. One group received a commercial vaccine (Respisure; Pfizer, New York) 5 and 3 weeks prior to farrowing, and the other group was unvaccinated (controls). Blood samples were collected from each sow prior to vaccination and at farrowing. Additionally, blood samples were collected at weaning and 2 weeks post weaning from four piglets from each sow. Samples were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by Tween-20 ELISA. Nasal swabs collected at farrowing from each sow and at weaning from each piglet were tested for M hyopneumoniae by nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR). The herd was not vaccinated for M hyopneumoniae before the study began, and no antibiotics effective against M hyopneu-moniae were used during the study. Two replicates were performed using sows and litters in 2 consecutive weeks of production. Results: Over 80% of the vaccinated sows seroconverted and their antibodies were transferred to the piglets via colostrum. Prevalence of M hyopneumoniae in nasal swabs from sows did not differ among groups. Prevalence in piglets was lower in litters from vaccinated sows, but was significantly lower only in the first replicate. Implications: Vaccination of sows against M hyopneumoniae reduced prevalence of N-PCR-positive piglets at weaning, and could be used to control M hyopneumoniae in modern swine production systems.
Methods of control and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using modified live vaccine in a two-site production system
Authors: Gillespie Thomas , Carroll Amy
Published: August 2024

A control and elimination program for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was initiated in a two-site, 1250-female herd with a primary business plan of supplying replacement females to commercial herds. Modified live virus (MLV) PRRS vaccine was used to control field PRRSV, which then allowed total virus elimination from all populations. First, the adult sow population was mass vaccinated, and the sow herd was closed for less than 3 months. When PRRSV-negative offspring were being produced,the nursery was depopulated and pigs at the nursery-finisher site were vaccinated with MLV vaccine. After the herd was "stabilized" (ie, exhibited no horizontal or vertical PRRSV transmission), PRRS-positive and previously exposed animals were gradually removed, and a naive herd was established. Polymerase chain reaction and ELISA serological testing for PRRSV were performed on a sample of the population statistically selected to detect 5% prevalence at a 95% confidence level. However, the elimination program deviated from the original plan by allowing use of field-infected finisher animals as replacement gilts. The group of infected gilts used was monitored closely and replaced with naive replacement gilts when profitable market prices returned. Statistical process control techniques were utilized in the serologic monitoring program.
The temporal relationship of fecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis and seroconversion in field cases
Authors: Hammer James Mark
Published: August 2024

In a cross-sectional study in nine herds, the interval between earliest detection of Lawsonia intracellularis by fecal polymerase chain reaction (at 6 to 23 weeks of age) and seroconversion (immunoperoxidase monolayer assay at 12 to 27 weeks of age) ranged from 2 to 8 weeks (mode, 2 weeks).
Evaluation of Haemophilus parasuis control in the nursery using vaccination and controlled exposure
Authors: Oliveira Simone , Pijoan Carlos , Morrison Robert
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of three control measures in reducing nursery mortality caused by Haemophilus parasuis, namely, a commercial vaccine, an autogenous vaccine, and controlled exposure using a low dose of live, virulent organisms. Methods: The experiments were performed in a multi-farm system experiencing high nursery mortality (> 4.8%) due to H parasuis infection. In Experiment 1, pigs were vaccinated at weaning using a commercially available, one-dose H parasuis vaccine. In Experiment 2, pigs were vaccinated at processing and at weaning with an autogenous vaccine. In Experiment 3, pigs were orally inoculated at processing using a bacterial suspension containing a total of 105-6 colony forming units per mL of three H parasuis strains prevalent in the studied herd. Experiments 1 and 2 were repeated five times (5 consecutive weeks of production), and Experiment 3 was repeated nine times. Results: Mortality in pigs exposed to H parasuis was lower (P < .001) than that in groups vaccinated with either commercial or autogenous vaccines. Discussion: The lack of effect of parenteral vaccination may be due to lack of cross-protection between heterologous strains, timing of vaccination, and potential interference of maternally-derived immunity. The efficacy of controlled exposure likely reflects the induction of homologous mucosal immunity preventing pathogen systemic invasion. Implications: The use of controlled exposure of young pigs to the prevalent H parasuis strains involved in nursery mortality provides a valuable alternative for control of H parasuis, compared to traditional vaccination using commercial or autogenous products.
Risk factors associated with Salmonella prevalence on swine farms
Authors: Funk Julie , Gebreyes Wondwossen
Published: August 2024

This article reviews on-farm risk factors that have been associated with the prevalence status of Salmonella in swine. Salmonellosis is the second most common etiological cause of bacterial human foodborne illness in the United States, and most cases can be attributed to contaminated food products. Reduction of human foodborne salmonellosis has become a public health priority both nationally and internationally. Public health concerns, increased stringency of regulatory limits at slaughter, and competition for international market share are likely to increase interest in on-farm Salmonella control.
Effect of oxytocin-supplemented semen on fertility of sows bred by intrauterine insemination
Authors: Gibson Sasha , Tempelman Robert , Kirkwood Roy
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the efficacy of supplemental oxytocin added to the semen dose immediately prior to an intrauterine insemination. Methods: During September 2002, mixed parity sows on two commercial farrow-to-wean units (3000 and 1500 PIC sows) were inseminated at their first estrus after weaning (weaned sows; n = 442) or at a repeat estrus following a previous failure to successfully conceive (repeat sows; n = 100), using either a cervical (199 sows) or intra-uterine AI catheter. For sows inseminated using the intrauterine catheter, the semen did (172 sows), or did not (171 sows), contain 5 IU oxytocin. Semen age at insemination varied from 2 to 8 days. Results: Farrowing rates and subsequent litter sizes were not affected by treatment. However, an interaction between treatment and the number of inseminations during estrus indicated a higher farrowing rate (P = .02) if oxytocin was included in the semen for sows bred only once. While semen age had no effect on litter size, semen age > 4 days was associated with a reduced farrowing rate (P < .05). Farrowing rates were lower (P < .05) for repeat sows (63.7%) than for weaned sows (84.9%), but litter size was not affected. Implications: The use of intrauterine insemination does not improve fertility of sows. Inclusion of oxytocin in extended semen may benefit sow fertility when breeding management may otherwise result in a smaller sperm cell reservoir in the oviduct.
The impact of ground water high in sulfates on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and tissue mineral levels of pigs housed under commercial conditions
Authors: Patience John , Beaulieu Denise , Gillis Doug
Published: August 2024

Objective: To examine the effect of drinking water high in sulfates on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and tissue mineral levels of newly weaned pigs housed in a commercial operation. Materials and methods: Performance and nutrient digestibility were determined for pigs consuming either water treated by reverse osmosis (RO; 219 mg total dissolved solutes (TDS) per L, 29 mg sulfates per L) or untreated ground water (3078 mg TDS per L, 1650 mg sulfates per L). In each of two experiments, approximately 240 pigs (20 +/- 3 days of age, 5.9 +/- 1.0 kg) received either RO-treated or untreated water for 35 days. In Experiment One, water was delivered either via nipple drinkers or dish-type drinkers. In Experiment Two, diets either contained supplemental zinc oxide (3000 mg zinc per kg) or no supplemental zinc. Results: Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, water disappearance, and nutrient digestibility were similar regardless of water source (P > .05). Water disappearance was lower (P < .01) and feed efficiency tended to be higher (P < .10) when pigs used dish-type drinkers. Average daily gain and feed intake were lowest when pigs consumed a diet with added zinc (P < .05) and, for the first 3 weeks after weaning, when they also received untreated water (diet-by-water interaction; P < .05). Implications: Weanling pigs can tolerate drinking water containing high concentrations of sulfates. Poor performance or diarrhea in nursery pigs should not be attributed to water quality until other possible contributing factors are investigated.
PUSAT KEGIATAN PENGEMBANGAN SENI DAN OLAHRAGA DI KABUPATEN BANGGAI LAUT DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR NEO-VERNAKULAR
Authors: Mangundap Poppy
Published: August 2024

Banggai merupakan salah satu kota yang terletak di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang memiliki beragam peminat seni dan atlet olahraga yang bertalenta, setiap tahunnya pemerintah melakukan kegiatan atau acara dalam bidang seni dan olahraga untuk menentukan dan menyeleksi para seniman muda dan atlet muda yang ingin bertanding ke tingkat nasional. Namun permasalahan yang ada yaitu terbatasnya fasilitas dan wadah untuk mengembangkan seni dan olahraga yang sangat diminat para pemuda dan warga setempat .
Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode observasi dan wawancara yaitu meninjau langsung kondisi lapangan, mengumpulkan data dan mewawancarai pihak terkait, selain itu dilakukan studi literatur dan studi banding objek menyangkut faktor teknis dan persayaratan bangunan yang mempengaruhi pada desain perancangan.
Dengan menyediakan wadah untuk memperkenalkan seni dan olahraga di Banggai maka membuat solusi para seniman dan atlet muda mudi mengembangkan kemampuan dibidangnya. Perancangan Pusat Kegiatan Pengembangan Seni Dan Olahraga ini menggunakan pendekatan Konsep Neo – Vernakular yaitu konsep salah satu aliran arsitektur tradisional yang berasal dari lingkungan, adat, budaya, iklim, dari suatu daerah. Dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular dirasa sangat cocok untuk mengembalikan kembali minat dan semangat bagi para pemuda pemudi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam bidang seni dan olahraga yang dikemas dalam sebuah karya desain arsitektural berupa bangunan, ruang, tata ruang luar, serta elemen pendukung lainnya. Sehingga diharapkan dapat menampilakn desain sesuai dengan teori - teori dan prinsip Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Banggai Laut.
Fairness, tika and political science in Aotearoa New Zealand: Some “inconvenient evidence”
Authors: Vowles Jack
Published: August 2024

This article is a rejoinder to Annie Te One and Maria Bargh’s article, published in the previous edition of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, exploring whether the political science discipline in Aotearoa New Zealand is keeping pace with change with respect to Māori politics content in university political science programs, the number of Māori employed in the political science profession and the content of New Zealand's Political Science journal. While acknowledging the importance of their case, an assessment of the empirical evidence and further analysis of the data and the methods used by Te One and Bargh refutes their allegations in relation to all three issues. As one of the co-editors of Political Science, I note that, from 2012 to 2022, the acceptance rate of articles on Māori politics was 91.7% and that of Māori authors submitting on a Māori topic was 100%. Recognition and change are underway.
Editorial
Authors: Fredericks Bronwyn , Nakata Martin , Barney Katelyn
Published: August 2024

We are pleased to bring you Volume 53 Issue 1 of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education.
We wish to thank the authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their contributions to this volume. Thanks also to the Indigenous Engagement Division at The University of Queensland and Informit for their financial support of the journal. We hope you enjoy this volume of AJIE.
Measuring attitude change in nursing students after completion of a First Nations peoples’ health unit: Embedding a validated tool in learning and assessment practices
Authors: McCullough Kylie , Genoni Angela , Murray Melanie , Garvey Darren , Coventry Linda
Published: August 2024

The health inequities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, rooted in the historical and ongoing negative impacts of colonisation and disrupted traditional lifestyles, sees higher rates of illness and hospitalisations, increased morbidity and higher premature death rates than other Australians. Nurses represent the majority of Australia’s health workforce and nursing students must have knowledge to provide culturally safe care to Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Health and Wellbeing unit was developed and introduced into an undergraduate nursing curriculum. This project aimed to determine the effectiveness of the unit content in changing the attitude of nursing students towards care of First Nations peoples. A quasi-experimental design was used and included all undergraduate nursing students commencing this unit in 2020 at one university in Western Australia. Students completed a validated questionnaire prior to engaging with unit learning materials and again at completion of the unit. Complete paired data was available for 339 participants. Results demonstrated statistically significant change in attitude following completion of the unit. Embedding targeted education concerning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ health and wellbeing positively influences attitudes in caring for this population of patients.
Fostering environmental, social and governance-oriented startups: Accessing the moderating effect of universities on entrepreneurial leadership
Authors: Ajabnoor Nouran
Published: August 2024

This study explores the complex factors influencing the achievement of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) companies. This study examines the impact of several antecedents  such as Entrepreneurial Leadership Programs (ELP), Incubator and Accelerator Support (IAS), Access to Mentorship and Network Opportunities (AMNO) and Availability of Funds and Financial Resources (AFFR) on the development of ESG startups drawing upon the theoretical framework of Resource-Based View (RBV). A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from academic institutions in Saudi Arabia including state and private universities. Three public and private universities from various geographic locations were chosen for this study. The results suggest a favorable relationship between ELP and the establishment of ESG startups. This highlights the significance of education and the cultivation of skills in fostering entrepreneurial endeavours. The analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between IAS and ESG startup performance. However, a positive relationship between AMNO and the establishment of ESG startups underscoring the importance of networking and mentorship was found. The research findings also indicate universities’ substantial influence in shaping these associations highlighting the need for additional exploration of the factors that motivate university participation in ESG entrepreneurship. The findings significantly contribute to the overall comprehension of the elements and interactions that impact the growth of ESG startups. Moreover, they offer vital insights for policymakers and practitioners involved in the realm of socially responsible entrepreneurship.
Urban growth and liberal fixation on the land in a sustainable city context in greater Lomé (Togo)
Authors: Adjayi Komi Arsène Fulbert , Kpotchou Koffi , Nassi Karl Martial , Atchon Kodjo Sena , Gbekley Efui Holaly
Published: August 2024

Over the last two decades, greater Lomé has experienced a spatial evolution marked by a disproportionate fixation of Lomé residents on the ground. This liberal occupation of urban land undermines the development of the capital and delays the vision of a sustainable city initiated by the public authorities following the Habitat III conference of the United Nations in Quito in 2017. The objective of this article is to show how largely uncontrolled spatial dynamics delay the sustainable development of greater Lomé. To achieve this, this research used quantitative and qualitative approaches based respectively on questionnaire administration and individual interview techniques. In total, 232 landowners and resource persons were interviewed. Field investigations have shown that liberal fixation on land has led to the occupation of unapproved areas and the privatization of administrative reserves. This creates urban instability marked by conflicts between public authorities and populations. This situation, very detrimental to the sustainable city, demonstrates weakened urban governance.
A note on Tesla's revised safety report crash rates
Authors: Goodall Noah J.
Published: August 2024

Between June 2018 and December 2023, Tesla released quarterly safety reports citing average miles between crashes for Tesla vehicles. Prior to March 2021, crash rates were categorized as (1) with their SAE Level 2 automated driving system Autopilot engaged, (2) without Autopilot but with active safety features such as automatic emergency braking, and (3) without Autopilot and without active safety features. In January 2023, Tesla revised past reports to reflect their new categories of with and without Autopilot engaged, in addition to making small adjustments based on recently discovered double counting of reports and excluding previously recorded crashes that did not meet their thresholds of airbag or active safety restraint activation. The revisions are heavily biased towards no-active-safety-features—a surprising result given prior research showing that drivers predominantly keep most active safety features enabled. As Tesla's safety reports represent the only national source of Level 2 advanced driver assistance system crash rates, clarification of their methods is essential for researchers and regulators. This note describes the changes and considers possible explanations for the discrepancies.
Growth Configuration of Invention-based Entrepreneurial Start-up
Authors: Tandilashvili Anna , Tandilashvili Nino , Tabatadze Marina
Published: August 2024

This research studies an important question of configurational change of entrepreneurial growth. More precisely, it explores the question of post-start-up configurations in invention-based ventures and aims to improve our understanding of how and why aspects of start-ups transition from one stage to another. A case study method enables us to see what happens when a start-up tries to move from product invention to its commercialization stage, why specific actions occur, and how they impact the venture. Our findings show the importance of enabling the organizational emergence process through two complementary mechanisms, changes in entrepreneurs’ sense- and decision-making logic and using temporal or similar pressure as a motivational tool.
Impact of digital marketing on the growth of SME manufacturing businesses in Kosovo
Authors: Berbatovci Isak , Buja Skender
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the impact of digital marketing on the growth of manufacturing SMEs and the impact of business size and managers’ capability of using digital marketing tools as the most effective technique to communicate directly with clients. SPSS statistical software is used to process the data collected via the questionnaire instrument during the interviews with SME manufacturing managers and business owners. For the verification of statistical hypotheses, the respective patterns of linear multiple regression are constructed. The findings show that the use of digital marketing tools has a positive impact on the growth of annual business turnover. The impact of digital marketing on increasing employee numbers and business size is seen as positive, especially when it is associated with increasing levels of education among managers and owners of manufacturing SMEs. These results imply that manufacturing businesses need to use digital marketing tools and develop capabilities that enable them to increase their business in size and be financially competitive. This work extends the development of a different and comprehensive framework to understand how manager competencies and digital marketing tools affect manufacturing companies.
Probation round the world 2.0
Authors: Durnescu Ioan , Taxman Faye S.
Published: August 2024

Probation round the world 2.0

The article examines the evolution of community corrections, emphasizing probation and parole services. The term ‘community correctional’ encompasses both probation and parole, which vary globally in distinction and overlap. The article compares the practices of 1995 and 2024, highlighting the shift from stigmatizing language to a person-first approach to reduce negative labelling and move towards desistance. It explores changes in mission, structure, population size, performance, treatment programs, compliance management, and technology use in community corrections. The authors identify four grand challenges to advance the field: establishing community corrections as a standalone sanction, supporting desistance through relationship-building and community support, promoting fair treatment, and investing in resources to foster desistance and rehabilitation. This overview aims to improve the effectiveness of community corrections worldwide. This article summarizes findings from countries that contributed to a special handbook on global community corrections.
The journey of data
Authors: van Buuren Hans
Published: August 2024

The journey of data

Join the author and his colleagues in their ongoing quest to investigate the possibilities of using operational data in order to improve the business of probation and parole, both for clients and employees. Learn about their recent round table discussion with probation and parole specialists from all around the world. Evaluate the ups and downs of digital interaction and the new wave in Artificial Intelligence. And finally, read about their view on using AI today and in the near future. Because the Journey of Data only just really started: Data driven in optima forma.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA
Authors: Nabawiyah Nabawiyah , Arneliwati Arneliwati  , Yesi Hasneli N
Published: August 2024

Gaya hidup seseorang mempunyai kaitan dengan kesehatannya, khususnya aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja di SMA Negeri 6 Mandau. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 199 responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Terdapat responden dengan kategori kurus yang melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 23 orang (31,5%), 23 orang (25,6%) melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang, dan 10 orang (27,8%) yang melakukan aktivitas fisik berat. Responden dengan kategori normal yang melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 3 orang (4,1%), 46 orang (51,1%) melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang, dan 16 orang (44,4%) yang melakukan aktivitas fisik berat. Responden dengan kategori pre-obesitas yang melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 40 orang (54,8%), 12 orang (13,3%) yang melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang, dan 9 orang (25,0%) yang melakukan aktivitas fisik berat. Sedangkan responden dengan kategori obesitas yang melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 7 orang (9,6%), 9 orang (7,7%) melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang, dan 1 orang (2,8%) yang melakukan aktivitas fisik berat. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara hubungan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja dengan p value (0,000) < alpha (0,05). Kesimpulan: Tingkat aktivitas fisik mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERAWATAN TALI PUSAT TERBUKA DENGAN LAMA PELEPASAN TALI PUSAT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SAYUNG I KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Ulvi Chamidah  , Kristina Maharani  , Siti Juwariyah
Published: August 2024

The mortality causes of babies in Demak regency, in 2020, were low weight birth (43.87%), Asphyxia (16.9%), Tetanus Neonatorum (1%), and Sepsis (5.3%), and inherited abnormality (30.6%). The umbilical cord is a unique tissue and could be the infection source for newly born babies. Umbilical care becomes a behavioral realization that must be improved with excellent knowledge of taking care of the cord. This excellent behavior to take care of the cord could improve the behavior of taking care of the umbilical cord. Thus, the cord will be easily detached. Lack of adequate knowledge about umbilical cord will lead to incorrect administration of using traditional medicine which highly leads to neonates infection. This research determined the correlation between the mother's knowledge about the opened umbilical cord care and the detachment period of the umbilical cord. This analytic correlation research used a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of all mothers, 64 mothers, with an estimated period of birth from June to July 2022 in the working area of Sayung 1 Health Care, Demak Regency.  The researchers analyzed the data with univariate and bivariate analyses. The results showed the correlation between the mother's knowledge and the opened umbilical cord during the detachment period. The obtained p-value was 0.000, lower than 0.05.
 
Keywords: Mother knowledge, Opened umbilical cord care, Umbilical cord detachment