bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A way to increase the efficiency of straw spreaders
Authors: Radkevich Elena , Solovyov Sergey , Gerasimova Olga , Tikhonov E.A. , Bazykin V.I. , Grigoreva O.I. , Bazykina A.N.
Published: November 2023

The use of high-quality bedding is important for the health of farm animals. Straw is an excellent material for bedding, but before use it must be crushed to particles no larger than 100 mm, which will achieve optimal moisture and gas absorption capacity, as well as simplify the mechanization of application and cleaning. Centrifugal spreaders, belt conveyors and blow spreaders are used to apply litter. The paper considers some types of litter spreaders used in farms in the north-West. It is revealed that, along with the obvious advantages, the considered machines have disadvantages. The main one is the uneven distribution of the litter when it is applied. This, in turn, leads to the need for manual labor when leveling the straw layer after its introduction in a mechanized way. A new design of the spreader-blower is proposed aimed at ensuring the uniformity of the litter layer during application. The calculation of optimization of some parameters of the new installation is described. In addition to the calculated value of the straw particle velocity, the angle of inclination of the front wall of the discharge duct is also determined.
Accelerated adaptation of spring wheat to climate change necessary
Authors: Kincharov Aleksandr , Demina Elena , Kincharova Marina , Taranova Tatyana , Chekmasova Kristina
Published: November 2023

Associated with global warming environmental changes lead to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather conditions, while the enormously hot weather observed during the last years led to enhanced grain yield variability in many countries, to a gross production decrease, and growing in the number of the hungry in the world. For these reasons, the reducing the crop production industry dependence on weather fluctuations has to become the main task for agricultural science that will become even more relevant if to take into account the further increase in the population (up to 9.73 billion by 2064) as it will require an additional increase in agricultural production by more than 30%. The analysis of weather conditions in Samara region over a 31-year period in the decade context indicates significant negative changes in temperature conditions and precipitation during the notional vegetation of early grain crops (May-August). The near future forecast according to the linear regression equations (1990-2020) confirms a further temperature background increase during the notional vegetation to 22.1 °С on average per decade (+3.0 °С to the long-term average data for the 1980s) and a precipitation reduction to 113.2 mm (-49.8 mm). However, despite the high adaptive capabilities of cultivated crops, we believe that today it is necessary to correct the current breeding programs for high potential productivity, paying special attention to the creation of varieties with high drought and heat resistance that will require the search for new sources and methods of their identification.
Effect of iron nanoparticles on germination and biometric parameters of fiber flax seedlings
Authors: Lyubimova Nadezhda
Published: November 2023

The article investigates the effect of iron nanoparticles introduced into the composition of a liquid-phase biological agent (LPB) on germination and biometric parameters, such as the average length and average weight of one seedling, fiber flax. Iron nanoparticles were obtained by green synthesis using a 0.5 mol/L FeCl3∙6H2O solution as a precursor and green tea extract as a reducing agent. The finished nanoparticles were introduced into LPB in a volume ratio of 1:50 to obtain the LPB-Fe biological agent. Both biological agents were tested during the germination of fiber flax seeds. Two ways of using biological agents were studied - seed watering and inoculation, while in both cases the concentration of biological agents varied from 0.05 to 1.0%. Water was used as a control. As a result, it was found that in the case of flax seeds, watering is more effective than inoculation. Thus, when irrigating seeds, the maximum germination rate of 99% was obtained using 0.4% LPB-Fe, and the maximum average length of one seedling was 14.4 ± 0.8 cm at a LPB-Fe concentration of 0.1%. Whereas, when seeds were inoculated in LPB-Fe, the maximum germination rate of 95% and seedling length of 13.9 ± 0.6 were obtained at a concentration of 0.2%. When irrigating with LPB, the highest germination rate of 96% was obtained at a biological agent concentration of 1.0%, and the maximum average length of one seedling of 14.5 ± 0.7 cm was obtained at a biological agent concentration of 0.6%. At the same time, none of the biological agents affected the average weight of one seedling.
Horse gastrointestinal parasites in the Moscow region
Authors: Panova Olga , Baranova Maria , Kurnosova Olga , Khrustalev Alexander
Published: November 2023

The purpose of our work was to conduct a survey of the horse population for the presence of parasites of the gastrointestinal tract in Moscow and the Moscow region. The research included horses aged 1.5 months to 26 years from horse farms and from private owners too. Fecal samples were collected rectally from 571 horses and were examined on the day of collection by flotation method and sedimentation method. Horses are infected with parasites of the gastrointestinal tract by 47.5% in the Moscow region. The main representatives of the parasite fauna are nematodes. Strongylidae gen. sp. (44%), Parascaris sp. (10.3%), Oxyuris equi (1.4%), Eimeria leuckarti (0.5%) were found. Statistically revealed correlations between the level of infection and the age of the horse (p < 0.001), as well as between the level of infection and the conditions of keeping (p < 0.001). The most infected were horses in the age group from 1 to 3 years. According to the study, herd horses are significantly more likely to be infected with Parascaris sp. and O. equi. No correlation was found between the level of infection and the type of farming (horse farms or private owners) (p = 0.252).
Meat quality of quail fed diets enriched with probiotic lactobacilli
Authors: Tsyganov M. , Gavrilova E. , Volkov R. , Yarullina D. , Nikitina E.
Published: November 2023

The article describes the effect of probiotic strains Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus AG16, Limosilactobacillus fermentum HFD1, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LS-4.4 on the meat quality of quail. The strains were grown on a whey-based nutrient medium, and in the form of suspension were introduced into the diet of birds for two months. The use of these feed additives, especially L. fermentum HFD1, resulted in a decrease in the pH of the quail breast meat. All tested strains induced a decrease in water holding capacity and cooking loss of quail breast meat compared to the control variant. The meat of quail fed with probiotic lactobacilli was less stiff, that resulted in less chewing effort in the raw meat and less cutting effort in the cooked meat.
Study of the process of transition of milk fat to whey at various stages of cheese production
Authors: Chebotarev E.A. , Soldatov A.A. , Yascin S.O.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the factors affecting the fat content in whey in the production of various cheeses and cottage cheese. The dependence of whey fat content on the fat mass con-centration in the dry matter of cheese was obtained. A study of the fat content and fat globules dispersed composition of cheese whey samples taken at different stages of cheese production was carried out.
Variability of fertility indicators in Ayrshire firstcalf heifers under the influence of early lactation
Authors: Lepesheva Irina , Komlyk Irina , Grishina Natalia
Published: November 2023

The basic value for optimizing the reproduction of the herd in dairy cattle breeding is the ability of cows to procreate offspring - fertility. It is a complex feature, characterized by many indicators and due to a complex of factors. The goal of our work was to reveal and to study these indicators and factors. The studies were carried out on Ayrshire cows of the Megrega breeding farm (the Republic of Karelia). The average milk yield per cow is over 9,000 kg of milk per year. Fertility indicators were taken into account for 5 years according to the data of 3866 lactations. The following fertility indicators were analysed: the indifference period; the period of insemination; the service period; fertilization from the first insemination; conception index (number of inseminations per conception); early embryonic death. We have analysed the relationship of these indicators with age, the amount of milk yield in general for lactation and during the early lactation period. An increase in the level of milk yield of cows during the current lactation up to 10,000 kg of milk or more was accompanied by a decrease in fertilization after the first insemination from 78.1 to 33.6%, as well as a significant deterioration in other main indicators of reproduction. The study established the relationship between the level of productivity of first-calf heifers during the early lactation period and fertility indicators. The greatest influence on fertility indicators during the early lactation period and insemination was exerted by the level of milk yield in the 1st month of the first lactation. The worst reproductive abilities were shown by first-calf heifers with an average daily milk yield of 34 kg or more. The results obtained can be used in further research on the development of selection indices, selection according to which can provide a high genetic trend in milk yield while maintaining and developing the progressive fertility of dairy cows.
Studying the features of the use of neural networks and machine learning in the design of food systems
Authors: Musina Olga , Nagornykh Elena
Published: November 2023

The features of the use of neural networks and machine learning methods for the design of food systems are studied using the example of processed cheese. A database has been developed that includes 869 cheese recipes, and a program for managing an electronic recipe directory. A neural network has been developed, for the training of which the method “Training with a teacher”, the activation function “ReLu” and the author’s program written in the Python programming language were used. The neural network consisted of 9 neurons in the input layer, two hidden layers of 65 neurons each, and an output layer consisting of 1 neuron. To determine the linear correlation between columns, a matrix was used showing the relationship between values using the Pearson coefficient. A training sample containing 80% of the total number of recipes, a test sample of 10% of the total number of recipes, and a test sample of 10% of the total number of recipes were selected from the primary data set. As a result of training the neural network, an information-advising system for a food technologist has been developed. The system is designed to predict the quality of food recipes. The information-advising system will speed up the correction of existing recipes and the development of recipes for new products, theoretically predict their quality before launching into production. The information-advising system was tested on a test recipe of a new processed cheese. It has been established that with a certainty of 63.6%, the integral indicator of the quality of the new cheese will be 7.7 conventional units. This predicted value was confirmed during the practical production of cheese according to the designed recipe in laboratory conditions and during approbation in production conditions. The new cheese is really distinguished by high quality, good organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.
The task of technological adjustment of an axial-rotor type grain combine
Authors: Dimitrov V.P. , Borisova L.V.
Published: November 2023

One of the promising approaches to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the harvesting process of grain crops using a combine method is the use of an intelligent information system in the form of a decision support system. The expansion of the use of high-performance rotary-type combines in production conditions puts the task of optimal technological adjustment of the working bodies and the entire combine as a whole into the category of topical ones. When performing harvesting work with an axial-rotary threshing and separating device (ARTSD), as a result of continuously changing external harvesting factors, deviations in the values of work quality indicators from acceptable values are possible. For their timely elimination, it is important to know the relationships between the groups of signs: “environmental factors - parameters of the working bodies - indicators of the quality of work.” The lack of knowledge leads to non-optimal decisions on the choice of specific values of the controlled parameters and, as a result, to the loss of grain and other resources. To select the optimal strategy for managing the technological process of harvesting using a rotary harvester, we propose a new approach based on the use of an intelligent information system (expert system), which corresponds to the concept of intellectualization of a new type of machine. The article presents the results of research into the process of technological adjustment of a rotary harvester, as well as an analysis of the empirical knowledge of experts with extensive production experience in operating combines of this type. The concepts of parameters, causes and methods for eliminating violations of the technological process are introduced. As a result of expert analysis, decision trees were formed for the first time, on the basis of which the rules of the knowledge base are formulated. To create a knowledge base, it is proposed to use a production model of knowledge. An example of constructing a decision tree when searching for the cause of the appearance of one of the external signs of a violation of the quality of the work of a rotary harvester is given. A fragment of the system of production rules for solving the problem of adjusting the values of control parameters is presented.
The study of the dynamics of the content of nutrients in the soil when growing crops
Authors: Bobrovsky A.V. , Lipshin A.G. , Kozulina N.S. , Vasilenko A.V. , Kryuchkov A.A. , Snytkova T.A. , Lubochnikov M.G. , Mikhailets M.A.
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe (station Minino) on leached chernozem. The scheme of the experiment with mineral fertilizers provided for the introduction of ammonium nitrate, ammophos and azophos in a dose of 80 kg / d.v.ha and the introduction of plant protection products. Soil samples for agrochemical analysis were selected in the phase of stalking, flowering and full ripeness. The content of nitrate nitrogen was carried out in accordance with GOST 26951-86, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium were determined by the Chirikov method (GOST 26204-91). The conducted studies have shown that the introduction of ammonium nitrate allowed to significantly increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen (up to 25.2 mg / kg) in the arable soil layer, in the control version, the level of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed 3.3 mg / kg during the growing season. In the soil of the experimental site, the content of mobile phosphorus varied from 16.4 to 29.7 mg/100 g. The introduction of ammophos did not significantly increase the phosphorus content in the arable horizon. The content of mobile potassium in the soil was high and varied from 10.0 to 17.5 mg/100 g of soil.
Study of dry humic agrochemicals
Authors: Moskalenko T.V. , Mikheev V.A. , Vorsina E.V.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of work on the determination of the physicochemical properties and biological activity of dry humic-containing agrochemicals produced on an industrial scale, sold in retail chains for personal household plots. To assess the effectiveness of their use, samples of dry agrochemicals containing humic substances and intended for pre-sowing, foliar and root treatment of plants were selected. The physicochemical properties of the samples were studied, such as the yield of free humic acids, the ash content of humic acids, the alkali content, and solubility in water. But the main goal of the study is to study the biological activity of the activity, which is associated with the determination of the germination of cucumber seeds, the size of the stems, roots and weight of plants under the influence of humic substances compared with an increase in the number of cucumber seeds in water. Analysis of the yield as a result of the experiments showed that the preparations for the study of properties have a high biological activity, which allows them to be used as plant growth stimulants. Therefore, the application of humic agrochemicals in agriculture as a result of plant infection and plant growth will be highly effective.
Preserving complex pine forests in the taiga zone in conditions of science-based and sustainable forest management
Authors: Perestoronina Olga , Shabalkina Svetlana
Published: November 2023

The article presents the research of the content and structure of the formed young growth at the sites of alternate strip felling (ASF) in 2013-2015 in different types of forest growing conditions (FGC) in Medvedskiy Bor (the Kirov region): А1 (lichen pine forests), А2 (cowberry pine forests), В2 (beadruby-cowberry pine forests), В3 (beadruby-bilberry pine forests), С2 (mixed-grass pine forests). Circular discount areas of the size of 10 m2 were made in accordance. Undergrowth complete enumeration was made at the areas, young growth taxation characteristics, as well as the age, biometric parameters and the state category of Pinus sylvestris L. were estimated. Undergrowth was distributed according to size categories – small, medium and large; according to the degree of viability – establishing (viable, healthy), doubtful (suppressed, injured), wilting (drying), dry (dead). Successful regeneration of P. sylvestris takes place at the expense of specimen of next generations. The number of large undergrowth almost 4 times exceeds the norm for artificial reforestation with bareroot tree seedlings (3500 sp./ha) at А1 felling places, 3 times – at А2 and В3, and 2 times – at В2 and С. As for containerized tree seedlings, with the norm of 2000 sp./ha, viable, establishing undergrowth 8 times exceeds the norm at felling places of А1 type, 6 times – at А2 and В3, 4 times – at В2 and С2. Grass-subshrub storey and moss-lichen storey regenerated at all the felling places. In order to preserve complex pine forests and to keep biodiversity in the region, special measures contributing to P. sylvestris natural regeneration and measures of forest care after ASF are offered.
Fauna of Orthopteroidea (Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Mantodea and Blattodea) of the National Park “Smolny”
Authors: Aleksanov Viktor , Karmazina Inessa , Ruchin Alexander , Lukiyanov Sergei , Lobachev Eugeny , Semishin Gennady
Published: November 2023

The species diversity of insects from the orders Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Mantodea and Blattodea in the National Park “Smolny” (Republic of Mordovia, Ichalki and Bolshoe Ignatovo districts) was studied. It consists of 44 species: Orthoptera (40), Dermaptera (1), Mantodea (1) and Blattodea (2). For the first time for the Republic of Mordovia, two species are noted – Isophya modesta and Oecanthus pellucens. The most common are Ectobius lapponicus, Chorthippus biguttulus, Euthystira brachyptera. Rare are species confined to areas with sparse herbage (Chorthippus pullus, Dociostaurus brevicollis, Myrmeleotettix maculatus), inhabitants of rich meadows and steppes (Isophya modesta, Poecilimon intermedius, Stenobothrus lineatus), and inhabitants of eutrophic swamps (Conocephalus dorsalis, Stethophyma grossum). Differences in the distribution of two species of cockroaches of the genus Ectobius, two species of grasshoppers of the tribe Chrysochraontini, and three species of bush-crickets (Platycleidini) are described.
Fauna of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Broad-leaved Forests of the Republic of Mordovia (Central European Russia)
Authors: Alekseev Sergei , Aleksanov Viktor , Ruchin Alexander , Lukiyanov Sergei , Lobachev Eugeny , Esin Mikhail , Semishin Gennady
Published: November 2023

The fauna of Carabidae adults in broad-leaved forests of the Republic of Mordovia (central European Russia) was studied. A total of 18210 ground beetle specimens of 104 species (8 subfamilies) were collected. The most numerous species were eight species: Carabus cancellatus, Pterostichus niger, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Limodromus assimilis, Calosoma inquisitor, Carabus granulatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Carabus arvensis. The basis of the Carabidae fauna consists of 25 species with high occurrence (50% and higher). Among them, four species are characterized by 100% occurrence: Carabus granulatus, Carabus hortensis, Pterostichus niger, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus.
Development of the water-saving technology for refining high-viscosity watered petroleum in oilfield
Authors: Glazunova I. , Shiryaeva M. , Bakshtanin A.
Published: November 2023

The article presents research on demulsifiers for oil dehydration in order to increase the conservation of water resources by introducing an additional source. The laboratory experimental works on selection of highly effective demulsifier were carried out. The application of water-saving technology which provided the necessary technological and economic effect was proposed. The analysis of laboratory researches on improvement of the method of dehydration of high-viscosity watered oil showed that under optimally selected conditions, namely: concentration of 75 g/t, temperature of 70 degrees and long settling time, the most effective demulsifier from all the reagents used in the tests was the reagent number 2 which showed the lowest residual water content and satisfied the final criteria both in economic terms and in quality of separation of water from oil without changing its initial structure. The water extraction according to the improved oil dehydration technology increased from 10% to 60%.
Modeling the temperature regime of the heat accumulator
Authors: Nematov Inomjon , Khairiddinov Botir , Ergashev Shakhriyor
Published: November 2023

In the article, a mathematical model of the temperature regime (charge and discharge) is developed based on the balance equation of the water tank heat accumulator. In the development of the mathematical model, the results of the temperature regime are presented, taking into account different volumes of the water tank accumulator (40, 60, 80, and 120 m3) and other water consumptions (2, 4, 10, and 15 m3/h). When creating the balance equation, solar energy and thermal energy from the biogas boiler were taken into account, and the heat storage efficiency of the water tank accumulator was calculated.
Application of McKinsey Curve in Building Emission Reduction Technology
Authors: Fan Yubo , Zhao Yingying , Tian Yue , Liu Zhaojie , Si Wenrong , Chen Xuemei , Jia Jingwu
Published: November 2023

In order to promote the application of McKinsey energy reduction cost curves in buildings, This paper introduces the concept of McKinsey abatement cost curves, the current application status of building abatement measures and abatement cost data, makes an analysis for the economic characteristics of different energy efficiency measures in retrofit projects, and presents the retrofit measures, annual energy savings and investment costs used in retrofit programs by taking the example of energy efficiency retrofits in office and commercial buildings in the past 2 years, discloses the data changes in abatement costs for some energysaving retrofit technologies contrastingly, and suggests that dates should be iterated based on McKinsey abatement cost curves. The McKinsey abatement cost ctuve is usefill for guiding the selection of building energy efficiency measures. The curve is economical and visualized compatibly and is a good reference for making abatement decisions through timely updating the data of retrofit technologies and influencing factors.
Progress in the application of Cu-based catalysts in the electroreduction of CO2 to produce Cxs products
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Mengling , Yu Yichen , Wei Mingzhen , Li Chunlei
Published: November 2023

Since the industrial revolution, human dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in increasingly severe atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Electrocatalytic CO2 RR has attracted much attention because of its many advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, controllable reaction rate, low cost and scalable electrolyzer.[7] More importantly, electrocatalytic CO2 RR can control the selective generation of target products by rationally adjusting the reaction potential, electrolyte and catalyst species. However, the CO2 molecular structure is stable, and obtaining the key CO2 -based anionic intermediate CO2– from activated CO2 molecules requires overcoming a huge energy barrier. Copper (Cu) catalysts are the only monometallic catalysts to date that can form two-carbon (C2) products, which establishes their special position in the field. However, the poor selectivity of Cu for a particular product has led to a wide distribution of reduction products, covering the range from carbon monoxide (CO), a reduction product at 2e-, to ethanol (C H25 OH), a reduction product at 12e-. Meanwhile, Cu catalysts are generally less stable, which can seriously affect their commercialization. Currently, in order to obtain highly selective C2+ products (mainly ethylene and ethanol), [16]this article reviews the various methods developed by different scholars in China and abroad to modify Cu catalysts. Finally, this article suggests ways to improve the performance of Cu-based catalysts to enhance the Faraday efficiency of the C2 product from the electroreduction of C02 and gives an outlook on the future direction of Cu-based catalysts.[19]
Short literature review of Li+ batteries recycling
Authors: Wei Mingyuan
Published: November 2023

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in advanced electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their low weight, high energy density and long service life. Therefore, the number of waste lithium batteries is also increasing, and it is very important to recover the valuable resources in them. This paper reviews some conventional means of recycling lithium-ion batteries and mentions future directions. The application and recycling of all-solid-state lithium batteries will help to solve the problem of waste lithium batteries.
Study on regeneration performance of carbon fluoride adsorbent in SF6 gas
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhu Feng , Hang Chen , Xu ZhengJie
Published: November 2023

To study the regeneration of CF-100 type microcrystalline material after adsorbing carbon fluorides in SF6, an experimental device was built that can achieve both vacuum desorption of carbon fluorides and auxiliary heating to promote vacuum desorption of carbon fluorides. Thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to analyze the optimal treatment temperature and time of regeneration technology for promoting vacuum desorption of fluorocarbon by auxiliary heating. A comparative study was conducted on the two regeneration techniques mentioned above by analyzing the relationship between adsorption performance and the number of regenerations. The regeneration effects were also validated by using a specific surface area tester to examine the test data. The results demonstrate that desorption of fluorocarbons from CF-100 microcrystalline material is more efficient using a vacuum desorption method aided by auxiliary heating, as opposed to pure vacuum desorption. The CF-100 type of microcrystalline material achieves the best desorption effect when heated to 300°C with an auxiliary heating duration of 2 h, with an activation energy of 293.933 KJ/mol. After activation, CF-100 microcrystalline materials exhibit stable adsorption and desorption performance for decarbonization and possess excellent recyclability.
Mine-used Flameproof Inverter Heat Dissipation Design and Its Performance Analysis
Authors: Wang Yue , Rong Xiang
Published: November 2023

Flameproof inverter for mine-used have a significant warming effect during operation, resulting in reduced reliability and susceptibility to thermal degradation and thermal failure. However, there is a lack of thermal analysis research on the operation mechanism and process evaluation of mining inverters. This paper analyzes the electrical characteristics of internal power devices and calculates the power loss. Secondly, on the basis of comparing the influence of flow rate, structural parameters and installation location on the thermal performance, the forced water cooling + air cooling + natural cooling method is used to optimize the design of the thermal system. Finally, ANSYS Icepak is used to conduct a comprehensive numerical simulation analysis of the internal temperature field characteristics and convective heat transfer characteristics. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of the heat dissipation-based design, and the results show that: the internal components of the mining explosion-proof inverter are not more than 80°C, which is much lower than the value specified in the relevant standards, and it has a good heat dissipation performance, which effectively guarantees the safe, stable and reliable operation of the mining explosion-proof inverter.
Measurement and evaluation of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of coal system industrial solid waste resources in Liupanshui City
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Yang Yanyuan , Xu Xiaoyun , Li Yating
Published: November 2023

Liupanshui city is located in the western part of Guizhou province, the region is extremely rich in coal resources, coal industry is more concentrated, coal mining and processing and other aspects of the solid waste resources if the good use of the city of Liupanshui city will get new development opportunities. The article takes the solid waste resources of coal industry in Liupanshui city as the research object, and uses the hierarchical analysis method to measure and evaluate the factors affecting the comprehensive utilisation of the solid waste resources of coal industry in Liupanshui city. The evaluation results show that the comprehensive utilisation of coal-based industrial solid waste resources in Liupanshui city is affected by the investment amount of solid waste per unit, technological maturity, industrial policy, and friendliness to the atmosphere. Countermeasures are proposed for these four constraints in anticipation of improving the comprehensive utilisation of coal-based industrial solid waste resources in Liupanshui city.
Calculation and Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Road Maintenance Projects ——Taking the Tianjin Avenue Restoration and Maintenance Project as an Example
Authors: Guo Liping , Zhu Xiaodong , You Tingting , Niu Kai , Zhang Xingyu
Published: November 2023

In response to the phenomenon that road maintenance construction activities may have a certain impact on passing vehicles and generate additional carbon emissions, based on the Tianjin Avenue Restoration and Maintenance Project, a recommended list of carbon emission factors is proposed. A traffic impact carbon emission calculation model is used to calculate the traffic impact carbon emissions of the supporting project, analyze the characteristics of traffic impact carbon emissions composition, and explore the hot spots of traffic impact carbon emissions of maintenance projects, propose emission reduction strategies for road maintenance engineering traffic organization.
Application of Dynamic Reactive-power Compensator Based on SVG in Coal Mines
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Peng , Zhang Dian-qing
Published: November 2023

With the improvement of automation degree of coal mine mechanical and electrical equipments, such as conveyors, crushers, mining motors, inverters, and a large number of non-linear loads, cause large reactive power consumption, power factor of coal mine power grid, power supply quality and stability, and bring greater influence to coal mine safety production and economic benefits. As a new generation of high voltage dynamic reactive power compensator, SVG (Static Var Generator) has fast response and compound functions, such as compensating reactive power, suppressing harmonic and imbalance with FC(Filter Capacitor), which plays a good role in improving the power quality of coal mine. This paper designs the system parameters of SVG in coal mine and introduces its application.
The Impact of Agricultural Industry Agglomeration in Sichuan Province on Agricultural Carbon Emissions
Authors: Yang Yating , Cao Zhengyong , Huang Maoling , Jing Anqi
Published: November 2023

This article utilizes panel data from 2005 to 2020, covering 21 cities in Sichuan Province, to empirically examine the relationship between agricultural industry concentration and carbon emissions. The findings reveal a clear inverted U-shaped relationship between agricultural industry agglomeration and carbon emissions. This relationship also exhibits temporal lag and regional disparities. In Sichuan Province, the link between agricultural industry agglomeration and carbon emissions follows this inverted U-shaped pattern, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of agglomeration's role in shaping emissions. Carbon emissions in agriculture display strong temporal path dependence, underscoring the importance of timely policies for carbon reduction. Local governments should adapt their strategies to regional peculiarities, promoting the growth of local agricultural industries through increased scale and agglomeration. A well-planned distribution of agricultural industries across regions is essential for sustainable development.
Construction of an evaluation index system for power market considering economic-environmental multi-objectives
Authors: Cheng Xiaochun , Wang Qin
Published: November 2023

At present, China's electricity market has been initially built, direct trading of electricity continues to increase, and the mode of "multiple purchase and multiple sale" has emerged in the market, which enables the electricity market to compete effectively and make the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the operation of the electricity market. The article firstly studied the indicators of power market operation from three aspects: economic value, green value and security value; secondly, established a three-level evaluation index system of power system; on this basis, proposed a comprehensive evaluation model of power market based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. It provides a reference basis for the evaluation of China's power grid operation and is of great significance to promote the healthy development of China's power market.
Enhancing the work extraction of the entanglement engine via quantum coherence
Authors: Li Hai , Liu Xiaosong , Hao Yaming
Published: November 2023

Studying the relationship between quantum coherence and energy is an intriguing and vital subject in quantum thermodynamics. Quantum engine provides an excellent platform to emphasize it. By constructing a bipartite entanglement engine (BEE) model consisting of a single qubit as the target qubit and a two-qubit as the ancilla, we have investigated the influence of quantum coherence of ancilla on work extraction of BEE at length, and analytically calculated the extractable work of BEE for the ancilla with quantum coherence (QC). We found that the extractable work of BEE is not only dependent on coherence magnitude but also related to the coherence phase of ancilla. Moreover, under certain coherent parameters, the QC can boost the work extraction from BEE. The study reveals the role of QC acting as “fuel” of engine well which deepens the understanding of the energetic effect of QC.
Research on Design and Planning Method of Energy Internet Scenarios Under New-type Urbanization
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Guangda , Jiang Zhongyao , Wu Zhouyang , Chai Yufeng , Dai Wei
Published: November 2023

In the general context of urbanization and energy transformation, energy development under newtype urbanization is faced with typical common issues such as a low share of clean energy, high energy intensity and high carbon intensity. To address these issues, this paper, focused on the design and planning method of scenarios in the energy interconnection systems under new-type urbanization, constructs the allocation of physical elements in the four aspects of energy supply, conversion, transmission and storage, establishes the architecture of energy interconnection systems and proposes a 1+N scenario construction method suitable for the diverse scenarios under new-type urbanization. In line with the energy development trends of interconnection, efficiency, low-carbon, digitization and diversification, this paper proposes a planning method of energy interconnection systems that adapts to diverse scenarios under new-type urbanization and verifies the proposed method with a practical computing example in a location. It provides valuable references for the construction of differentiated energy interconnection systems under new-type urbanization.
Introduction to Domestic and International Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Technologies for Power Grid Enterprises
Authors: Dong Wangchao , Zhao Yue , Ma Fengxiang , Zhu Feng , Liu Wei , Song Yumei , Zhu Shan , Chen Han
Published: November 2023

Since its introduction in 1930, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has rapidly become the primary insulation material for high-voltage electrical equipment such as transmission lines, switches, transformers, circuit breakers, and reactors, owing to its exceptional electrical properties. However, the flip side of its excellent performance is its extremely high global warming potential (GWP), which is over 23,000 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Managing SF6 has thus become a key aspect of emission reduction efforts. The primary strategies for reducing SF6 emissions include minimizing gas leakage during the production, operation, and maintenance of electrical equipment, as well as purifying and recycling emitted SF6 gas. Various purification and monitoring methods have been developed for routine operations and have already been implemented by power grid companies globally. In addition to ongoing daily monitoring, research is also underway concerning the transformation, degradation, and substitution of SF6 gases. Degradation and transformation methods primarily focus on high-temperature degradation, photocatalysis, and arc degradation. In the context of substitution, the idea is to use conventional gases or various organic compounds to form SF6 mixtures or alternative gases, with the aim of reducing effect of leakage while maintaining performance. Finally, recommendations are made for power grid enterprises to reduce SF6 emissions, emphasizing the importance of source control and the exploration of alternatives. Effective equipment management to prevent gas leakage, comprehensive monitoring and assessment, as well as the proper handling of unusable SF6 devices, are also crucial steps in emission reduction efforts.
How does carbon emissions trading scheme affect emission reduction decisions of coal-fired power plants? An evolutionary game theoretic perspective
Authors: Xu Bo , Wu Liucheng , Wang Jiexin
Published: November 2023

Carbon emissions trading scheme (CETS) is widely regarded as a cost-effective marketbased regulation for carbon abatement. In the context of CETS, this study develops an evolutionary game model that incorporates two representative coal-fired power plants and a government. Our model captures the interplay of emission reduction strategies between coal-fired power plants and endogenously incorporates government regulatory decisions. We analyze the strategic decisions of coal-fired power plants by discussing the dynamics and equilibrium of the game. Our findings demonstrate that in the absence of government implementation of CETS, coal-fired power plants refrain from investing in carbon abatement. However, with the enforcement of CETS, along with sufficient penalties for excessive carbon emissions, coal-fired power plants become inclined to invest in emission reduction. Furthermore, the willingness of coal-fired power plants to invest in carbon abatement exhibits a negative relationship with both the quota and the cost of emission reduction.
Knowledge, risk perception and information needs of general practitioners regarding potential health effects of electromagnetic fields: A scoping review of the scientific literature
Authors: Forster F. , Ermel L. , Riesmeyer C. , Jung R. , Lüthy K. , Wullinger P. , Weinmann T.
Published: November 2023

We aimed to summarise the evidence regarding the knowledge, risk perception and information needs of general practitioners (GPs) regarding electromagnetic fields (EMF). To achieve this aim, we searched for relevant articles in PubMed and additional sources, screened them based on the inclusion criteria and extracted relevant information from the eligible articles. Included manuscripts were summarised via narrative synthesis. Out of 274 records, nine articles from five different studies (all from Europe) were included. All studies reported considerable concern about the possible negative health-effects caused by EMF among GPs. In most of the studies GPs, indicated insufficiently covered information needs concerning EMF. Four studies reported that GPs were consulted by patients regarding potential health effects of EMF. The level of concern regarding health effects of EMF among GPs is high, while their information needs are insufficiently satisfied. It remains unclear what factors determine this concern. Likewise, there is little data on GPs’ actual level of knowledge on EMF and health. Future studies may take new perspectives such as concepts from communication science and use additional methods like qualitative techniques. Moreover, the communication of scientific evidence about EMF towards GPs needs to be improved in order to enable them to provide evidence-based counselling.
Estimating mortality cost and social cost of CO2 emitted by items, applied to passenger vehicles
Authors: Rose Benjamin John
Published: November 2023

Over 60% of carbon emissions are from residential consumption. People in developed nations need to reduce their carbon footprints six-fold to stabilize CO2 levels in the atmosphere. This research develops a method of estimating and monetizing mortality costs of items. Mortality Cost of Carbon Rate (MCCR) is the fraction of a climate change related death that would probably occur over 80 yr with a specified temperature trajectory, from the emission of 1 tCO2e. MCCRs are allocated to items on an exponential curve generated from two researched MCCRs corresponding to temperature trajectories. MCC of an item (MCCI) is its MCCR multiplied by its life cycle CO2e emissions. The method was applied to the 2020 Australian passenger vehicle fleet and 6 vehicle types. MCCI was compared to mortalities from crashes and exhaust pollution. Total fleet mortality was estimated at around 62,000/ year. Mortality from 2020 CO2 emissions will probably be around 56,000 - 75 times higher than crash deaths - with uncertainty range 28,000 to 106,000, compared to toxic exhaust emissions 5,600 and crashes 750. A Sustainable Personal CO2 Footprint' of 1.5 t CO2/ person/ year was set as a benchmark for sustainable consumption. Electric buses, E-bicycles/ scooters and micro-EVs are sustainable and if universally adopted, would reduce mortality by 96%. Social Cost of Carbon Mortality Rate (SCCMR) monetizes MCCR using a global Value of a Statistical Life Year. SCCM of items (SCCMI) is calculated as for MCCI. Research estimates of MCCR and SCCMR vary according to assumed causes of mortality, temperature trajectories and discount rates; many are underestimated as they exclude some mortality damage sectors. Toxic exhaust emission and crash mortalities were monetized using the Australian Value of a Statistical Life. Total social mortality cost of a large 4 wd ICE diesel SUV was approximately $6300, current fleet average $4800, and micro-EV $400.
Investigation of the Metabolism of Astragaloside IV in a Puromycin-Damaged Rat Model by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bing , Huang Shiying , Liu Zhuoting , Liu Xinhui , Jiang Zilan , Chen Jianping , Zeng Youjia
Published: November 2023

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been shown to provide renal protection in various kidney injury models. However, the metabolic profile variation of AS-IV in pathological models in vivo
is not well established. This study aims to explore the metabolic pathway of AS-IV in vivo in the classical puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced kidney injury in a rat model.
Twelve Wistar rats were randomly divided into the AS-IV (CA) and the PAN+AS-IV (PA) treatment groups. PAN was injected by a single tail intravenous (i. v.) injection at 5 mg/100 g body
weight, and AS-IV was administered intragastrically (i. g.) at 40 mg/kg for 10 days. Fecal samples of these rats were collected, and metabolites of AS-IV were detected by ultra-performance
liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) to explore the AS-IV metabolic pathway. The metabolic differences between the AS-IV and
PAN+AS-IV groups were compared. A total of 25 metabolites were detected, and deglycosylation, deoxygenation, and methyl oxidation were found to be the main metabolic pathways of AS-IV in
vivo. The abundance of most of these metabolites in the PAN+AS-IV group was lower than that in the AS-IV treatment group, and differences for seven of them were statistically
significant. Our study indicates that AS-IV metabolism is affected in the PAN-induced kidney injury rat model.
Phosphine Ligand Effects in Nickel-Catalyzed Alkene Migratory Hydroalkylation
Authors: Zhu Qing-Wei , Liu Deguang , Lu Xi , Fu Yao , Li Zhen , Wang Jia-Wang , Nie Wan
Published: November 2023

Catalytic alkene hydroalkylation has provided to be an efficient method for synthesizing C(sp3) centers, from readily available and inexpensive alkene starting materials through alkene hydrometallation followed by cross-coupling. One of the major tasks in this field is to develop diverse ligands to achieve regioselective control. Herein, we report the investigation of nickel–triphenylphosphine-catalyzed remote hydroalkylation of alkenyl amides to access α-branched amines. Various alkenes and alkyl iodides are suitable substrates to deliver the desired products with excellent regioselectivities (>20:1 regioisomeric ratio). Density functional theory calculations reveal the reaction mechanism.