bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forced expiratory flows’ contribution to lung function interpretation in schoolchildren
Authors: Boutin Bernard , Koskas Marc , Guillo Houda , Maingot Lucia , La Rocca Marie-Claude , Boulé Michèle , Just Jocelyne , Momas Isabelle , Corinne Alberti , Beydon Nicole
Published: September 2014

Forced expiratory flow (FEF) at low lung volumes are supposed to be better at detecting lung-function impairment in asthmatic children than a forced volume. The aim of this study was to examine whether FEF results could modify the interpretation of baseline and post-bronchodilator spirometry in asthmatic schoolchildren in whom forced expiratory volumes are within the normal range.

Spirometry, with post-bronchodilator vital capacity within 10% of that of baseline in healthy and asthmatic children, was recorded prospectively. We defined abnormal baseline values expressed as z-scores <-1.645, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) reversibility as a baseline increase >12%, FEF reversibility as an increase larger than the 2.5th percentile of post-bronchodilator changes in healthy children.

Among 66 healthy and 50 asthmatic schoolchildren, only two (1.7%) children with normal vital capacity and no airways obstruction had abnormal baseline forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25–75%). After bronchodilation, among the 45 asthmatic children without FEV1reversibility, 5 (11.1%) had an FEF25–75%increase that exceeded the reference interval.

Isolated abnormal baseline values or significant post-bronchodilator changes in FEF are rare situations in asthmatic schoolchildren with good spirometry quality.
C-reactive protein level and microbial aetiology in patients hospitalised with acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Clark Tristan W. , Medina Marie-Jo , Batham Sally , Curran Martin D. , Parmar Surendra , Nicholson Karl G.
Published: September 2014

Both viruses and bacteria are thought to cause exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the relative importance of each remains uncertain. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increase during exacerbations but the relationship with aetiology is not established. We aimed to explore the relationship between serum CRP and the rate of detection of viruses and bacteria.

This was a prospectively recruited, observational study of patients hospitalised with exacerbations of COPD. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for respiratory viruses by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Sputum and blood were collected for bacterial culture and urine tested for pneumococcal antigen. CRP levels were measured on sera. CRP and other factors associated with viral, bacterial or mixed detection were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

264 patients with exacerbations of COPD were studied: 26% tested positive for respiratory viruses only, 13% had bacteria only, 12% had mixed viral/bacterial detection, and 49% had no pathogens detected. CRP level and temperature were strongly associated with viral detection rate (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) and mixed viral/bacterial detection rate (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively) on multivariate analysis. Bacterial detection rate was not associated with CRP level or body temperature.

This study supports the role of viruses as important aetiological agents causing exacerbations of COPD.
Cyanide levels found in infected cystic fibrosis sputum inhibit airway ciliary function
Authors: Nair Chandrika , Shoemark Amelia , Chan Mario , Ollosson Sarah , Dixon Mellissa , Hogg Claire , Alton Eric W.F.W. , Davies Jane C. , Williams Huw D.
Published: September 2014

We have previously reported cyanide at concentrations of up to 150 μM in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients infected withPseudomonas aeruginosaand a negative correlation with lung function. Our aim was to investigate possible mechanisms for this association, focusing on the effect of pathophysiologically relevant cyanide levels on human respiratory cell function.

Ciliary beat frequency measurements were performed on nasal brushings and nasal air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures obtained from healthy volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients.

Potassium cyanide decreased ciliary beat frequency in healthy nasal brushings (n = 6) after 60 min (150 μM: 47% fall, p<0.0012; 75 μM: 32% fall, p<0.0001). Samples from cystic fibrosis patients (n = 3) showed similar results (150 μM: 55% fall, p = 0.001). Ciliary beat frequency inhibition was not due to loss of cell viability and was reversible. The inhibitory mechanism was independent of ATP levels. KCN also significantly inhibited ciliary beat frequency in ALI cultures, albeit to a lesser extent. Ciliary beat frequency measurements on ALI cultures treated with culture supernatants fromP. aeruginosamutants defective in virulence factor production implicated cyanide as a key component inhibiting the ciliary beat frequency.

If cyanide production similarly impairs mucocilliary clearancein vivo, it could explain the link with increased disease severity observed in cystic fibrosis patients with detectable cyanide in their airway.
Transcription factors and miRNAs that regulate fetal to adultCFTRexpression change are new targets for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Viart Victoria , Bergougnoux Anne , Bonini Jennifer , Varilh Jessica , Chiron Raphaël , Tabary Olivier , Molinari Nicolas , Claustres Mireille , Taulan-Cadars Magali
Published: September 2014

TheCFTRgene displays a tightly regulated tissue-specific and temporal expression. Mutations in this gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study we wanted to identifytrans-regulatory elements responsible forCFTRdifferential expression in fetal and adult lung, and to determine the importance of inhibitory motifs in theCFTR-3′UTR with the aim of developing new tools for the correction of disease-causing mutations withinCFTR.

We show that lung development-specific transcription factors (FOXA, C/EBP) and microRNAs (miR-101, miR-145, miR-384) regulate the switch from strong fetal to very lowCFTRexpression after birth. By using miRNome profiling and gene reporter assays, we found that miR-101 and miR-145 are specifically upregulated in adult lung and that miR-101 directly acts on its cognate site in theCFTR-3′UTR in combination with an overlapping AU-rich element. We then designed miRNA-binding blocker oligonucleotides (MBBOs) to prevent binding of several miRNAs to theCFTR-3′UTR and tested them in primary human nasal epithelial cells from healthy individuals and CF patients carrying the p.Phe508delCFTRmutation. These MBBOs rescued CFTR channel activity by increasing CFTR mRNA and protein levels.

Our data offer new understanding of the control of theCFTRgene regulation and new putative correctors for cystic fibrosis.
A worldwide survey of chronic cough: a manifestation of enhanced somatosensory response
Authors: Morice Alyn H. , Jakes Adam D. , Faruqi Shoaib , Birring Surinder S. , McGarvey Lorcan , Canning Brendan , Smith Jaclyn A. , Parker Sean M. , Chung Kian Fan , Lai Kefang , Pavord Ian D. , van den Berg Jan , Song Woo-Jung , Millqvist Eva , Farrell Michael J. , Mazzone Stuart B. , Dicpinigaitis Peter ,   The Chronic Cough Registry
Published: September 2014

Reports from individual centres suggest a preponderance of females with chronic cough. Females also have heightened cough reflex sensitivity. Here we have reviewed the age and sex of unselected referrals to 11 cough clinics. To investigate the cause of any observed sex dimorphism, functional magnetic resonance imaging of putative cough centres was analysed in normal volunteers.

The demographic profile of consecutive patients presenting with chronic cough was evaluated. Cough challenge with capsaicin was undertaken in normal volunteers to construct a concentration-response curve. Subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging during repeated inhalation of sub-tussive concentrations of capsaicin observed areas of activation within the brain and differences in the sexes identified.

Of the 10 032 patients presenting with chronic cough, two-thirds (6591) were female (mean age 55 years). The patient profile was largely uniform across centres. The most common age for presentation was 60–69 years. The maximum tolerable dose of inhaled capsaicin was lower in females; however, a significantly greater activation of the somatosensory cortex was observed.

Patients presenting with chronic cough from diverse racial and geographic backgrounds have a strikingly homogeneous demographic profile, suggesting a distinct clinical entity. The preponderance of females may be explained by sex-related differences in the central processing of cough sensation.
Nonlinear contractive and nonlinear compatible type mappings in Menger probabilistic metric spaces
Authors: Tang Yong Kun , Chang Shih-sen , Wang Lin
Published: September 2014

In this paper some new fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractive type and nonlinear compatible type mapping in complete Menger probabilistic metric spaces are proved.

MSC:54E40, 54E35, 54H25.
Validation of Four Reference Genes for Quantitative mRNA Expression Studies in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Injury
Authors: Walder Roxanne Y , Wattiez Anne-Sophie , White Stephanie R , de Prado Blanca Marquez , Hamity Marta V , Hammond Donna L
Published: September 2014

Background:

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a technique frequently used to measure changes in mRNA expression. To ensure validity of experimental findings, it is important to normalize the qPCR data to reference genes that are stable and unaffected by the experimental treatment to correct for variability among samples. Unlike in some models of neuropathic pain, reference genes for models of inflammatory injury have not been validated. This study examined four candidate reference genes in an effort to identify and validate optimal genes for normalization of transcriptional changes occurring in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) following intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).

Results:

The expression of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (Hprt1), beta-actin (Actb), mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (Mapk6), and beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) was quantified in the dorsal horn and RVM of rats four days or two weeks after intraplantar injection of CFA or saline. The range of expression levels among these four genes differed by as much as 16-fold within the dorsal horn and the RVM. All four of these reference genes were stably expressed in both tissues and did not differ between saline and CFA-treated animals. Analyses using the statistical algorithms in geNorm and NormFinder programs determined that Mapk6 was the most stable gene and recommended the combination of Mapk6 and Actb, or Mapk6 and Hprt1, in such experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

This study validated the four genes Hprt1, Actb, Mapk6 or B2m and showed that any one or combination of two of them are good reference genes for normalization of mRNA expression in qPCR experiments in the spinal cord and RVM in the CFA model of inflammatory injury.
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST) complicating a colonic interposition: a novel case report
Authors: Badshah Maaz B , Riaz Haris , Korsten Mark A , Dhala Atiya , Park Yeun-Hee A , Abadi Maria , Badshah Mashood B
Published: September 2014

Background

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare tumor comprising 0.1-0.3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Stomach followed by small intestine is the most common sites of involvement, implicated in 95% of the cases. We present a case of GIST complicating a colonic interposition. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of GIST complicating a colonic interposition.

Case presentation

A 47 year old African American male presented to the emergency department with intermittent, severe chest pain. Past medical history was significant for alkali (NaOH) ingestion during 1980 for which esophageal resection and a colonic pull-through was performed. A CXR revealed a widened mediastinum and CT scan chest revealed showed a large (11.4 × 8.3 × 12.1 cm) vascular mediastinal mass. At endoscopy, a large, ulcerated, cratered and friable mass was found at 29cm extending to 36cm at which point the lower anastomosis of the colonic pull through was present. Multiple endoscopic biopsies were obtained which showed that the tumor was immunoreactive with CD117, CD34 and DOG1 while markers of carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma were negative. In light of the pathology report, the immunohistochemistry and the CT scans, the tumor was classified as a stage 4 GIST of colonic interposition.

Conclusions

GIST can complicate unusual locations such as colonic interposition and should be kept in the differential diagnosis of such unusual presentations.
The Ethnic Lyrics Fetcher tool
Authors: Ribeiro Rafael P , Almeida Murilo AP , Silla Jr Carlos N
Published: September 2014

The task of automatic retrieval and extraction of lyrics from the web is of great importance to different Music Information Retrieval applications. However, despite its importance, very little research has been carried out for this task. For this reason, in this paper, we present the Ethnic Lyrics Fetcher (ELF), a tool for Music Information Researchers, which has a novel lyrics detection and extraction mechanism. We performed two experiments to evaluate ELF’s lyrics extraction mechanism and its performance as a lyrics fetcher tool. Our experimental results show that ELF performs better than the current state of the art, using website-specific lyrics fetchers or manually retrieving the lyrics from the web.
The Szamotuły salt diapir and Mid-Polish Trough: Decoupling during both Triassic-Jurassic rifting and Alpine inversion
Authors: Rowan Mark G. , Krzywiec Piotr
Published: September 2014

The Szamotuły diapir is located on the southwestern shoulder of the Mid-Polish Trough in west-central Poland. The area underwent crustal-scale extension during the Triassic-Jurassic and Alpine-related inversion during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. The diapir is sourced entirely from the Permian Zechstein salt, but there are also thin evaporites within the Triassic. A regional 2D depth-migrated seismic profile, an array of 2D time-migrated data, and quantitative structural restorations are used to illustrate that extensional and contractional deformation were almost completely decoupled by the Zechstein salt. Beneath the salt, interpreted Carboniferous half-grabens were reactivated during the Triassic, offsetting the base salt but not the top salt and causing regional thickening of the Triassic-Jurassic overburden. Inversion was accommodated by reverse movements on the deep faults and uplift of the Triassic-Jurassic strata to form the broad anticlinorium of the Mid-Polish Swell. Cover extension and contraction were concentrated around the Szamotuły Diapir. A linear reactive diapir formed during the Early to Middle Triassic and broke through to become a passive diapir during the Late Triassic that subsequently widened into the Jurassic. Along strike, coeval extension was recorded by ongoing reactive diapirism. Alpine contraction caused squeezing of the passive diapir and the correlative reactive diapir, folding of flanking and overlying strata, and inversion of some of the reactive normal faults. However, shortening was accommodated differently above and below the Upper Triassic Keuper salt. Lower and Middle Triassic strata moved laterally into salt, whether into the passive diapir or into the reactive diapir along strike. Younger strata were folded and thrusted, with delamination at the Keuper evaporites that were depositionally thicker adjacent to the reactive diapir. Zechstein salt squeezed from deeper levels flowed passively into the space created by delamination, producing an allochthonous salt wing in the subsurface.
Foundation News
Authors: Smith Sara E.
Published: September 2014

Donor funds have enabled the SEG Foundation to provide more than $2.2 million on average over the last five years to SEG programs that are available to more than 33,000 members. Thanks to these donors' commitments, thousands of members have access to 16 excellent education and professional development programs.
Making the most out of least-squares migration
Authors: Huang Yunsong , Dutta Gaurav , Dai Wei , Wang Xin , Schuster Gerard T. , Yu Jianhua
Published: September 2014

Standard migration images can suffer from (1) migration artifacts caused by an undersampled acquisition geometry, (2) poor resolution resulting from a limited recording aperture, (3) ringing artifacts caused by ripples in the source wavelet, and (4) weak amplitudes resulting from geometric spreading, attenuation, and defocusing. These problems can be remedied in part by least-squares migration (LSM), also known as linearized seismic inversion or migration deconvolution (MD), which aims to linearly invert seismic data for the reflectivity distribution. Given a sufficiently accurate migration velocity model, LSM can mitigate many of the above problems and can produce more resolved migration images, sometimes with more than twice the spatial resolution of standard migration. However, LSM faces two challenges: The computational cost can be an order of magnitude higher than that of standard migration, and the resulting image quality can fail to improve for migration velocity errors of about 5% or more. It is possible to obtain the most from least-squares migration by reducing the cost and velocity sensitivity of LSM.
Imaging with multiples using least-squares reverse time migration
Authors: Wong Mandy , Biondi Biondo , Ronen Shuki
Published: September 2014

Primaries and multiples are imaged jointly using least-squares reverse time migration. Joint least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) uses the multiple energy as signal while removing the cross talk in the image. A class of multiply scattered events can be imaged by using the two-way propagator in modeling and migration. Such events can scatter off sharp interfaces in the migration velocity as well as the sea surface. The concept and methodology can be demonstrated with a 2D synthetic Sigsbee2B model and the Deimos ocean-bottom field data set. By including the multiples in imaging, the image quality is improved in areas close to complex salt structures.
A robust imaging workflow to take advantage of long-offset broadband data acquisition
Authors: Vigh Denes , Jiao Kun , Cheng Xin , Sun Dong , Coates Richard , Kapoor Jerry
Published: September 2014

In the past decade, marine seismic acquisition has evolved from narrow-azimuth (NAZ) to wide-azimuth (WAZ) geometries toward the latest offering of long-offset full-azimuth (FAZ) surveys with slanted cables. This broadband long-offset acquisition design is driven mainly by the demands of improved illumination in complex areas such as Gulf of Mexico (GOM) subsalt environments. Two-way wave-equation algorithms, such as reverse time migration (RTM) and full-waveform inversion (FWI), are required to optimally use these improved data. Their high-fidelity nature enables them to honor complex velocity fields with the accuracy required, particularly for migrating long-offset data and, as a result, for producing satisfactory model refinements and images when other methods fail. To achieve image improvements, an efficient workflow has to be established to maximize the power of broadband long-offset acquisition by applying velocity model building with FWI, imaging with RTM compensation for ghost effects in both steps, and outputting partial images for further image optimization. With the best acquisition and imaging algorithms, RTM images can be improved further by postimaging enhancements using vector image partitions (VIP) in the GOM.
Benefits of full-azimuth and ultralong-offset data for subsalt imaging in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Li Yunfeng (Fred) , Wu Qiaofeng , Wang Minshen , Huang Tony
Published: September 2014

In deepwater regions of the Gulf of Mexico, the ability to image subsalt structures has improved significantly with wide-azimuth data, reverse time migration, and anisotropic tomography and imaging. However, subsalt imaging, such as imaging steeply dipping salt flanks and subsalt three-way closures, still remains difficult in areas with complex salt geometry. Moreover, limited subsalt illumination provides insufficient incident angles for residual curvature tomographic analysis. Full-azimuth and long-offset acquisition configurations are the latest acquisition technologies designed to address these subsalt challenges. An improved subsalt imaging and tomography updating using staggered acquisition provides full-azimuth data coverage and ultralong offsets.
Tilted orthorhombic velocity model building and imaging of Zamzama gas field with full-azimuth land data
Authors: Karazincir Matthew , Orumwense Retti
Published: September 2014

Many geologic plays show indications of azimuthal anisotropy caused by azimuthal stress differences and fractures, which need to be accounted for during velocity model building and depth imaging. To fully observe azimuthal anisotropy, multiple narrow-azimuth surveys or wide-azimuth or full-azimuth surveys are required. Modern land surveys usually are shot with full-azimuth coverage, which enables one to address azimuthal velocity changes if present. A reprocessing and imaging project has been conducted of a full-azimuth land survey over Pakistani Zamzama gas field where azimuthal anisotropy is observed. The major geologic structure in this field is a large anticline split by a prominent fault zone trending north-south. The prestack depth-imaging workflow first exhausted tilted-transverse-isotropy (TTI) assumptions and then attempted tilted orthorhombic velocity model building and imaging. The processing flow, velocity model-building methodology, and successful results of final imaging with tilted orthorhombic anisotropic assumptions can be demonstrated. Success is measured with seismic to well-tie analysis.
Connect, inspire, propel, and climb at SEG's 84th Annual Meeting
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: September 2014

On 26–31 October 2014, geoscientists around the world will descend on the Mile High City for SEG's International Exposition and 84th Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The Annual Meeting, which offers geoscientists the chance to connect with more than 350 companies from around the world, draws individuals from more than 85 countries, including the industry's most qualified professionals. SEG's Annual Meeting showcases the latest technological advances, ideas, and new products and services, enabling attendees to propel their careers, knowledge, and companies.
Tubman: Greatest insights will come through integration
Authors: Tubman Ken
Published: September 2014

Ray Scippa, director of internal communications at ConocoPhillips, sat down with Ken Tubman, vice president of geosciences and reservoir engineering for ConocoPhillips, for the first installment in a TLE interview series with leading members of the geosciences community.

Watch the debut video in the Technology Leaders Interview Series here

[Figure: see text]
Bright minds shine in Los Angeles: The 2014 ISEF
Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema Richard
Published: September 2014

The theme for the 2014 International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) was “Bright Minds Shine.” The 2014 SEG award and honorable-mention winners tackled problems related to transforming data to sound, identifying species using Bayes’ theorem, attenuating tsunami waves, extracting signal from noisy data, placing wind turbines in urban areas, and measuring water waves caused by partial coalescence cascades.
Wikithon 2014: You're almost there
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: September 2014

You may have noticed that I like talking and writing about the SEG Wiki. I like the wiki because I believe in the wiki. And I believe in the wiki because of the John Stockwells, Karl Schleichers, and Matt Halls who invest so much into the resource.
Revolutionary Sympathy on Cook’s Resolution: The Transatlantic Education of Lieutenant James King, 1766-76
Authors: Bertelsen Lance
Published: September 2014

Unpublished letters in the Burke archive (Sheffield and Northampton) reveal that when Captain James Cook’s Resolution departed Plymouth in July 1776, Lieutenant James King harbored strong pro-American sympathies and that these sympathies were possibly shared by his fellow messmates. King, with strong familial and political ties to Edmund Burke, would become one of Cook’s most trusted aides, commander of HMS Discovery on the voyage home, and author of volume three of A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1784), the official history of the voyage, a publication that has put him at the center of continuing scholarly disputes concerning Cook’s death. This essay reconstructs King’s previously unknown American experience, suggests the formative effect of his activities on both sides of the Atlantic in the years just prior Cook’s third voyage, and proposes new approaches to reading his contested record of Cook’s third voyage.
Cheese, Stolen Paper, and the London Book Trade, 1750-99
Authors: Noblett William
Published: September 2014

This article examines one aspect of crime in the London book trade. It deals with the theft of paper, blank, printed, and manuscript, from seventeen members of the trade and discusses how the thieves attempted to sell the paper to other London tradesmen, primarily cheesemongers. The main source for this study is the online database London lives, 1690-1800... Old Bailey Proceedings.
Elucidating genomic gaps using phenotypic profiles
Authors: Cuevas Daniel A. , Garza Daniel , Sanchez Savannah E. , Rostron Jason , Henry Chris S. , Vonstein Veronika , Overbeek Ross A. , Segall Anca , Rohwer Forest , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. , Edwards Robert A.
Published: September 2014

Advances in genomic sequencing provide the ability to model the metabolism of organisms from their genome annotation. The bioinformatics tools developed to deduce gene function through homology-based methods are dependent on public databases; thus, novel discoveries are not readily extrapolated from current analysis tools with a homology dependence. Multi-phenotype Assay Plates (MAPs) provide a high-throughput method to profile bacterial phenotypes by growing bacteria in various growth conditions, simultaneously. More robust and accurate computational models can be constructed by coupling MAPs with current genomic annotation methods.PMAnalyzeris an online tool that analyzes bacterial growth curves from the MAP system which are then used to optimize metabolic models duringin silicogrowth simulations. UsingCitrobacter sedlakiias a prototype, the Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) tool produced a model consisting of 1,367 enzymatic reactions. After the optimization, 44 reactions were added to, or modified within, the model. The model correctly predicted the outcome on 93% of growth experiments.
Concept of Beaty as a Part of National Identity
Authors: Волкова  , Volkova Elizaveta
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the essence of the concept of beauty as a part of national identity. It specifies the limits of such notions as national identity, beauty, concept. The article features the essence of the term national identity, describes the factors of its formation, as well as the ever growing role of national identity in inter-cultural communication. The notion beauty is described as a concept with complex structure, objective-subjective content and a variety of displays. One of the main objectives of the article is to give a detailed overview of the notion concept, its origin, content, structure and approaches in research. Special attention is paid to the two-part structure of this notion – its mental and emotional, spiritual elements.
Constants of Communication. Quantity in Language System and Semantics of Change in Speech Structure
Authors: Шапошников  , Shaposhnikov Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Alongside the category of multitude within the expression of definite quantity

presentation as a set of properties, defining the quantity of a phenomenon

there is the reflection of quantity change. The multitude in its change is

designated and the count as the object determination reflected. It is phenomenon

of the quantity increase and decrease. The numerical change takes

place in the reality and it occurrence objective definition; its singleness and

articulation are in language mind made. Some correlations between dynamic

spheres are formed up.

The basic idea of this system exists. Its intrinsic constituents are in the correlation

with its statement noted. The quantitative changing as the semantic

problem is in the working described. The logical scheme of quantitative

changing, its language structures, the semantic series quantitative changing

correlation, is noted. The quantitative expression means and modes

aggregate, their organization in the Russian language system is described

and analyzed. The changes in the expression means of quantity amount in

the contemporary Russian language, their cognitive motivation are fixed;

their information range and system role and the statement are revealed.
The Peculiarities of the Bilingual Learning Development in the USA Secondary School Education at the Present Stage
Authors: Зайцева  , Zaytseva N.
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the current state of bilingual learning in the USA

middle school education. Its development in the new modern conditions

at different levels: state, local, school, community and others is elucidated.

The necessity of studying the cultural and linguistic characteristics of

national minorities in the school curriculum is shown. The author focuses

on the reach experience in the implementation of bilingual learning and

its further improvement in the United States, because modern American

school tries to care of the dignity of all students, regardless of their

ethnicity. The article says that at the present stage bilingual learning

received some support and began to develop at a new qualitative level.

Legislation Acts were updated, new academic standards that concerned

the improvement of bilingual learning in particular were introduced. The

author covers a number of decisions that have been made in favor of

effective teaching of the students belonging to linguistic minorities, particularly

Hispanics. The necessity of introduction of bilingual programs

which are directed to support bilingual learning in the USA and instead

of English-language approach to teaching students provide a bilingual

approach is shown in the article.
The Use of Internet Technologies in Teaching Professionally Focused English Language Communication
Authors: Гаврикова  , Gavrikova I.
Published: September 2014

In today’s information society the Internet penetrates into all spheres of human

life and activity. It applies equally to all levels of education starting from

primary school to institutions of higher professional education. Thus the use

of Internet technologies makes the process of teaching professionally focused

English language communication more efficient. The article explores

the potential of «word clouds» as a teaching technique and their application

to developing basic language skills of university students studying a foreign

language for specific purposes by the example of professionally-oriented

authentic audiotexts. It also contains a brief review of some tools for creating

word clouds (Word Cloud Generators).
Interaction of the Social Worker with the Institute of Family
Authors: Романенко  , Romanenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2014

The author of the article focuses attention on the important functions of social

work: development of social communication, prevention of interpersonal

tensions, conflicts and strengthening of family ties In recent decades, the

dramatic changes in socio-political and economic conditions of life of Russia’s

society, the a turn to market relations have produced a negative impact

on the development of the modern family. Along with the deepening of the

spiritual world of the modern individual, one can observe degradation of the

demographic situation, new challenges in educational process and a higher

than ever before percentage of children with deviant behavior. That entails

the necessity to prepare specialists with a well-developed communicative

competence which lets them interact with risk-group families. The article

provides a definition of the essence and contents of underprivileged family

and risk-group family in modern conditions of society: a category of families

which, owing to certain circumstances, is subject to negative external

influence from society and its criminal elements. The author underlines the

important role of the social worker in rendering assistance to such family.
A Heuristic for the Multisource Weber Problem with Service Level Constraints
Authors: Venkateshan Prahalad , Mathur Kamlesh
Published: September 2014

In this paper we develop a column-generation-based heuristic procedure to solve a generalized version of the multisource Weber problem where in addition to the transportation cost we also consider staffing level costs that arise due to consideration of service level constraints. Traditional solution procedures for the multisource Weber problem do not take into account the staffing costs. Our contribution is towards addressing this gap. We develop a lower bound for the problem using which we evaluate the performance of the heuristic procedure on problems of different sizes and cost parameters. Our computational experience indicates that problems with up to 100 customer regions can be solved using the heuristic within five minutes of computational time on average. The average gap is less than 5% for a majority of problem instances.
Recent Findings About the Silky Fowl Egg
Authors: Toyosaki Toshiyuki
Published: September 2014

The current research demonstrated that nutritive constituents, oxidative stability of silky fowl egg. Present results consisted with the previous report. It was speculated that the unsaturated fatty acid chains of lipids contributed to the oxidative stability of silky fowl eggs. Rheologic properties, and oxidative stability of baked sponge cake using silky fowl egg. From the results of this study it will be concluded that the use of silky fowl egg could improve a quality and rheologic properties and oxidative stability of baked cakes. This result can submit knowledge to the food science field. From now on, you have to examine the differences in physical properties of the sponge cake and the mechanism of oxidative stability of silky fowl egg.
Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting Among Children in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wondimagegn Zelalem Tafese
Published: September 2014

Globally it is estimated that 162 million under-five year old children are stunted. Africa is known with one of the highest prevalence of stunting in the world. Even though studies suggested various determinants for stunting in Africa; there is lack of agreement about the relative importance of factors affecting the nutritional status of children. We reviewed all literatures, including: observational studies, and prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the prevalence and determinants of stunting in children under the age of five years in Africa to identify systematically, appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on the magnitude and epidemiological factors for stunting among children under the age of five years in Africa by conducting electronic search of Medline, Pub Med, Health Inter-network access to Research Initiative (HINARI), and Google Scholar databases. After exclusion of irrelevant ones, 21 out of 55 articles were considered for the final analysis. On the basis of this review, majority of the articles reported highest prevalence of stunting in Africa and its progress is found unsatisfactory. Inappropriate complementary feeding practice, maternal under nutrition, household food insecurity, economic growth and maternal education, are identified as the principal determinants of stunting. Some studies confer the determinants of stunting is multidimensional and intertwined. The remaining articles reviewed, noted the synergistic interaction between inadequate dietary intake and disease as the main determinant of stunting. The magnitude of stunting in Africa is found as one of the highest in the world and the trend shows stagnating rather than progress. It is confirmed that the determinants of stunting in the continent are varied and intertwined; showing variations from region to region. It is recommended that; African countries should give more emphasis to fight stunting; further research on target implementation sites is needed before creating health policies. They should also consider the cultural beliefs and socio cultural realities of their population. We therefore encourage policy makers to use facts from this review on creating policies to reverse the situation.
Iodine Status of Rural School children in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Solomon Mabapa , Getrude Mbhenyane , Pieter L , Lesly Mamabolo , Alphonse Amey
Published: September 2014

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Iodine deficiency develops due to imbalance between dietary iodine intake and thyroid requirements. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) includes a wide spectrum of abnormalities in the physical and cognitive development of human.
Proximate Composition, Antinutrient Content and Functional Properties of Soursop Flour as Influenced by Oven and Freeze Drying Methods
Authors: Iombor Terhemba , Olaitan Innocentia , Ede Rhoda
Published: September 2014

The effect of Oven and freeze drying methods on the proximate composition, anti-nutrient and selected physical attributes of soursop flours were determined using standard methods. The fruit pulp was frozen at -30 and freeze dried at -40 for 72hrs while oven drying was performed at 70 for 48hrs. Oven drying significantly (p≤0.05) lowered the fat (7.30±0.23%), moisture (12.40±0.29%) and carbohydrate (40.70±0.12%) content of soursop flour while freeze drying significantly (p≤0.05) lowered the protein (18.72±0.10%), fibre (12.30±0.23%), ash (6.30±0.17%) and energy (212.704±0.10%) content of the flour. The oven dried flour had higher phytate (0.03±0.10%) and oxalate (0.03±0.00%) content while the freeze dried flour had higher tannin (0.52±0.00%) content. The physical attributes of the flours however revealed that the freeze dried flour significantly (p≤0.05) had higher values for viscosity (32.50±0.29%), water absorption capacity (57.30±0.17%), swelling index (50.10±0.06%), solubility (22.30±0.17%), oil absorption capacity (24.60±0.23%) and emulsion capacity (24.60±0.23%) while the oven dried flour had higher values for bulk density (421.20±0.12%) and foam capacity (25.30±0.17%). Freeze dried soursop flour had better physical attributes, lower nutrient and anti-nutrient content.
Communication and control
Authors: Roberts Colin
Published: September 2014

Dr Colin Roberts, director of studies in veterinary medicine, Sidney Sussex College Cambridge, continues his investigation into the function of hormones
Textmaschinen - Kinetische Poesie - Interaktive Installation
Authors: Simanowski Roberto
Published: September 2014

Kunst in digitalen Medien führt vielfach Experimente der klassischen Avantgarde weiter und schafft faszinierende ästhetische Phänomene. Wie begegnen Publikum und Kritik diesen neuen Erscheinungen? Soll man sich auf die Effekte der Programmierung konzentrieren, auf die Materialität der Zeichen und die Intensität des Erlebens, wie es Lyotards »Ästhetik des Ereignens« oder Gumbrechts »Kultur der Präsenz« vorgeben? Soll man, im Modus einer »Kultur des Sinns«, das Erlebte der Deutung unterziehen mit dem Ziel reflexiver Verunsicherung, die einst Adorno als Funktion von Kunst festschrieb? Wie nah steht die Ereigniskunst dem Spektakel und die Interaktivität der Kulturindustrie? Das Buch behandelt aktuelle ästhetische Fragen am Beispiel digitaler Kunst und anhand ausführlicher Fallstudien zu interaktiven Installationen, kinetisch-konkreter Poesie und computergenerierten Texten.
Welten und Gegenwelten. Essays zur Architektur
Authors: Isozaki Arata
Published: September 2014

Arata Isozaki ist weltweit als Schöpfer spektakulärer Entwürfe und Bauten bekannt. Dahinter musste bisher sein theoretisches Werk zurücktreten. Zu Unrecht, wie dieser Band belegt, der erstmals Isozakis vielschichtige Gedankenwelt in deutscher Übersetzung zugänglich macht und über die Architektur hinaus feinsinnige Einblicke in die japanische Gegenwartskultur eröffnet. Einmal mehr erweist sich Isozaki als scharfer Analytiker und Kulturkritiker von internationalem Rang.
Verordnete Lust
Authors: Putz Christa
Published: September 2014

Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen Mediziner_innen, Sexualforscher_innen und Psychoanalytiker_innen, Störungen der sexuellen Lust bei Männern und Frauen als Krankheiten zu erforschen und zu therapieren. Angetrieben wurden diese Bemühungen von historisch neuen Idealen lustbetonter Heterosexualität und veränderten Erwartungen an die Ehe. Dieses Buch zeichnet den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs nach und legt seine theoretischen und kulturellen Voraussetzungen offen. Die Dokumentation konkreter Fälle veranschaulicht seine Reichweite und praktischen Auswirkungen auf die Patientinnen und Patienten.
Die Kontinuität romantischer Ideen
Authors: Tripold Thomas
Published: September 2014

Die Ideale der Authentizität und der naturverbundenen, »ganzheitlichen« Lebensweise üben gegenwärtig eine starke Anziehungskraft aus - doch woher stammen sie, über welche Kanäle wurden sie verbreitet und was trägt zu ihrer Attraktivität bei? Thomas Tripolds ideengeschichtliche Studie geht diesen Fragen nach und untersucht die beiden Ideen in ihrer Kontinuität anhand von drei gegenkulturellen Bewegungen: Romantik, Lebensreform und Counter Culture der 1960er-Jahre in den USA. Die Rekonstruktion typischer sozialer (etwa spiritueller, künstlerischer oder sexueller) Praktiken, in denen sich diese Ideen manfestierten, veranschaulicht dabei das jeweilige Netz an Überzeugungen der Bewegungen.
A Perspective on the Proposal for European Public Sector Accounting Standards, in the Context of Accruals in UK Government Accounting
Authors: Jones Rowan , Caruana Josette
Published: September 2014

This paper offers a UK perspective on the proposal to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS). It offers the fundamentals of the UK government’s system of budgeting and accounting, which is the responsibility of the UK Treasury, being one part of its responsibilities for the UK’s fiscal and monetary policies. In the light of this, the EPSAS proposal remains a puzzle and a peripheral one at that. The paper ponders on the forces underlying the EPSAS proposal and notes that for the government practitioner in an EU member state, rules emanating from the EU would naturally have a macro-level focus. Consequently, any potential advantages of an accrual accounting system at micro-level may not be fully appreciated.
Scaly green flagellates from Spanish Atlantic coastal waters: molecular, ultrastructural and pigment analyses
Authors: Alonso-González Aitor , Orive Emma , David Helena , García-Etxebarria Koldo , Garrido José Luis , Laza-Martínez Aitor , Seoane Sergio
Published: September 2014

Seven scale-bearing species of prasinophyceans (Chlorophyta) were studied in light and electron microscopy, pigment analysis, and molecular analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA. Unialgal cultures were obtained from samples collected in the Nervión River estuary, Gulf of Biscay, Spanish Atlantic coast. Five of the species belong to the genus Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae, Pyramimonaceae) and one each to the genera Mamiella (Mamiellophyceae, Mamiellaceae) and Nephroselmis (Nephroselmidophyceae, Nephroselmidaceae). The morphological features of all the strains analyzed agreed closely with the phylogenetic analysis, which in the case of the genus Pyramimonas presented several clusters corresponding to the subgenera Vestigifera (Pyramimonas orientalis, Pyramimonas moestrupii), Punctatae (Pyramimonas robusta), Pyramimonas (Pyramimonas propulsa), and Trichocystis (Pyramimonas grossii). Even though the phylogenetic relationship among these subgenera remains unclear, the results suggested that the Punctatae should remain an independent clade at least until more sequences or genes are analyzed. According to their accessory pigment composition, three groups were distinguished after their pigment ratios were calculated: prasinoxanthin-containing (Mamiella gilva), loroxanthin ester-containing (P. grossii and P. moestrupii), and siphonaxanthin-containing strains (Nephroselmis pyriformis and remaining Pyramimonas species). A high intraspecific variability was found, which highlights the need of an in-depth analysis and multiple technique approach to ensure accurate identification of nanoplanktonic microalgae.
Target versus actual oxygenation index at initiation of inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure: survey results from 128 patient cases
Authors: Golombek Sergio , Suttner Denise , Ehrlich Reuben , Potenziano Jim
Published: September 2014

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a well-established treatment for neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF). However, iNO therapy initiation criteria have not been standardized. This report describes a follow-up survey administered to neonatologists who had completed an Awareness, Trial, and Usage Survey. The objectives were to compare stated target oxygenation index (OI) versus actual OI at which iNO is initiated in respondents’ patients and identify factors associated with iNO initiation at other levels.

Neonatologists provided iNO-treated HRF patient data. Target and actual OI at initiation were determined. Patient groups were stratified by actual OI deviation from target [<4; at (±3); above: 4–10, 11–20, >20; not measured]. Reasons for above-target OI were determined.

Of 83 invited neonatologists, 26 (31%) participated, providing data for 128 patients; 85/128 patients (66%) had OI measured at initiation with neonatologist-stated mean target OI 18.8±5.8. Actual mean OI was 26.2±10.3. iNO was initiated ≤ target in 30/85 patients (35%); most [55/85 (65%)] had iNO initiated when OI was above target. Patients aged ≤1 day and those receiving a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO

Among surveyed neonatologists who treat infants with HRF with pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is a disparity between stated target versus actual OI for iNO initiation, particularly among infants <1 day old and those receiving FiO
A “multi-hit” model of neonatal white matter injury: cumulative contributions of chronic placental inflammation, acute fetal inflammation and postnatal inflammatory events
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Romero Roberto , Cortez Josepf , Pappas Athina , Schwartz Alyse G. , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Yeon Mee , Yoon Bo Hyun , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Hassan Sonia S.
Published: September 2014

We sought to determine whether cumulative evidence of perinatal inflammation was associated with increased risk in a “multi-hit” model of neonatal white matter injury (WMI).

This retrospective cohort study included very preterm (gestational ages at delivery <32 weeks) live-born singleton neonates delivered at Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI, from 2006 to 2011. Four pathologists blinded to clinical diagnoses and outcomes performed histological examinations according to standardized protocols. Neurosonography was obtained per routine clinical care. The primary indicator of WMI was ventriculomegaly (VE). Neonatal inflammation-initiating illnesses included bacteremia, surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, other infections, and those requiring mechanical ventilation.

A total of 425 live-born singleton neonates delivered before the 32

Chronic placental inflammation, acute fetal inflammation, and neonatal inflammation-initiating illness seem to interact in contributing risk information and/or directly damaging the developing brain of newborns delivered very preterm.