bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisited relativistic Dirac–Hartree–Fock X-ray scattering factors. I. Neutral atoms with Z = 2–118
Authors: Olukayode Shiroye , Froese Fischer Charlotte , Volkov Anatoliy
Published: December 2022

In this first of a series of publications, the X-ray scattering factors for neutral atoms are revisited. Using the recently developed DBSR_HF program [Zatsarinny & Froese Fischer (2016). Comput. Phys. Comm.
202, 287–303] the fully relativistic Dirac–Hartree–Fock ground-state wavefunctions for all atoms with Z = 2–118 (He–Og) have been calculated using the extended average level scheme and including both the Breit interaction correction to the electronic motion due to magnetic and retardation effects, and the Fermi distribution function for the description of the nuclear charge density. The comparison of our wavefunctions with those obtained in several previous studies in terms of the total and orbital (spinor) electronic energies, and a number of local and integrated total and orbital properties, confirmed the quality of the generated wavefunctions. The employed dense radial grid combined with the DBSR_HF's B-spline representation of the relativistic one-electron orbitals allowed for a precise integration of the X-ray scattering factors using a newly developed Fortran program SF. Following the established procedure [Maslen et al. (2006). International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. C, Section 6.1.1, pp. 554–589], the resulting X-ray scattering factors have been interpolated in the 0 ≤ sin θ/λ ≤ 2 Å−1 and 2 ≤ sin θ/λ ≤ 6 Å−1 ranges using the recommended analytical functions with both the four- (which is a current convention) and five-term expansions. An exhaustive comparison of the newly generated X-ray scattering factors with the International Union of Crystallography recommended values and those from a number of previous studies showed an overall good agreement and allowed identification of a number of typos and inconsistencies in the recommended quantities. A detailed analysis of the results suggests that the newly derived values may represent an excellent compromise among all the previous studies. The determined conventional interpolating functions for the two sin θ/λ intervals show, on average, the same accuracy as the recommended parametrizations. However, an extension of each expansion by only a single term provides a significant improvement in the accuracy of the interpolated values for an overwhelming majority of the atoms. As such, an updated set of the fully relativistic X-ray scattering factors and the interpolating functions for neutral atoms with Z = 2–118 can be easily incorporated into the existing X-ray diffraction software with only minor modifications. The outcomes of the undertaken research should be of interest to members of the crystallographic community who push the boundaries of the accuracy and precision of X-ray diffraction studies.
Factors affecting e-payment acceptance by customers: an empirical study in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Albastaki Thabet , Hamdan Allam , Albastaki Yousif , Bakir Ali
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Consumers frequently use electronic payments (e-payment) as their first step into formal financial services. The advancement of information and communication technology, on the other hand, has resulted in several achievements for human civilization, altering people’s lives, behaviors and societal measures. This study’s main aim is to investigate issues and identify the factors that are likely to influence customers’ acceptance of implementing e-payment in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was adopted to test the influence of e-payment data security, trust, ease of use, usefulness and accessibility on customers’ acceptance of the service. A questionnaire survey was electronically administered to a purposive sample, and 531 responses were returned, achieving the required sample size for the study. Descriptive statistics analysis was used to ascertain data validity and consistency, and regression analysis was used to test the model’s hypotheses.

Findings

The findings of this study demonstrated a high influence of the mentioned factors on the e-payment acceptance of the customers in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The main recommendations are to increase the adoption of e-payment; focus highly on the security factor in e-payment adoption; create a trustworthy e-payment service; strive to make the e-payment services more user-friendly; increase the longevity of the e-payment services by focusing on usefulness; and make e-payment services more accessible.

Originality/value

This study’s potential contribution is to identify the factors that influence e-payment acceptance by customers in Bahrain and draw attention to issues to be considered in adopting new e-payment services.
Board diversity as strategic choice and why it should matter to SMEs
Authors: Puntaier Elmar , Zhu Tingting , Hughes Paul
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Diversity in boards has gained attention as a reflection of societal imbalances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of diversity in terms of both gender and nationality in management boards of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on firm performance from an upper echelons perspective. The authors also examine how board-specific characteristics influence the structural makeup of boards in gender and nationality diversity terms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors focus on the UK because of its individualistic society and flexible labour market and assess 309 SMEs in the manufacturing industry over 2009–2019. A 3-stage least squares (3SLS) estimator is used to analyse the data, the Shannon index to measure board diversity, return on assets as proxy for firm performance, and owner-manager presence, board member age and tenure are the board-specific characteristics of primary interest.

Findings

Both gender and nationality diversity contribute to firm performance and represent distinct upper echelon characteristics that change the cognitive and psychological dynamics of boards. Firms with larger boards do not perform better, but diverse boards reduce the narrowing view of CEOs. Yet the presence of owner-managers, despite their performance-enhancing contribution, holds firms back from benefitting from diversity as a strategic choice.

Originality/value

This study extends the upper echelons theory to include board diversity as an important aspect that should become more central in upper echelon thinking when understanding firm performance. The authors’ findings suggest that theoretical developments in search of understanding firm behaviour must proceed by accounting for diversity and not simply focusing on decision-making styles.
Racial differentials in American Indian- White American Postneonatal Mortality in the United States: evidence from cohort linked birth/infant death records
Authors: Holmes Laurens , Enguancho Elias Malachi , Hinson Rakinya , Williams Justin , Nelson Carlin , Whaley Kayla Janae , Dabney Kirk , Williams Johnette , Dias Emanuelle Medeiros
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Postneonatal mortality (PNM), which differs from infant and perinatal mortality, has been observed in the past 25 years with respect to the health outcomes of children. While infant and perinatal mortality have been well-evaluated regarding racial differentials, there are no substantial data on PNM in this perspective. The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not social determinants of health adversely affect racial/ethnic PNM differentials in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional, nonexperimental epidemiologic study design was used to assess race as an exposure function of PNM using Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data (2013). The outcome variable assessed PNM, while the main independent variables were race, social demographic variables (i.e. sex and age) and social determinants of health (i.e. marital status and maternal education). The chi-square statistic was used to assess the independence of variables by race, while the logistic regression model was used to assess the odds of PNM by race and other confounding variables.

Findings

During 2013, there were 4,451 children with PNM experience. The cumulative incidence of PNM was 23.6% (n = 2,795) among white infants, 24.3% (n = 1,298) among Black/African-Americans (AA) and 39.5% (n = 88) were American-Indian infants (AI), while 21.3% (n = 270) were multiracial, χ2 (3) = 35.7, p < 0.001. Racial differentials in PNM were observed. Relative to White infants, PNM was two times as likely among AI, odds ratio (OR) 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61, 2.78). After controlling for the confounding variables, the burden of PNM persisted among AI, although slightly marginalized, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.70, (99% CI 1.10, 2.65).

Originality/value

In a representative sample of US children, there were racial disparities in PNM infants who are AI compared to their white counterparts, illustrating excess mortality. These findings suggest the need to allocate social and health resources in transforming health equity in this direction.
Investigating and modeling interactions among manufacturing barriers due to Covid-19 pandemic: an interpretive ranking process
Authors: Badhotiya Gaurav Kumar , Sachdeva Leena , Soni Gunjan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The manufacturing industry is one of the most disrupted systems as a result of the global spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Manufacturing firms are looking for strategies and policies to deal with the situation while also meeting customer demands. This study aims to discuss and analyze the barriers that have impacted manufacturing systems during this period.

Design/methodology/approach

The barriers and performance measures were extracted from the extant literature and further discussed with academic and industry experts. Based on the response of experts, a list of ten barriers and five performance measures were selected for further analysis. The interpretive ranking process (IRP) is applied to analyze the inter-relationship among the barriers with respect to performance variables. The cross-interaction matrices and the dominance profile are created to prioritize the barriers. Based on dominance value, an IRP-based manufacturing barrier evaluation model is developed for validation.

Findings

The impact of the pandemic on the manufacturing industry is analyzed through the list of barriers and a structured ranking model is proposed. The research findings of the study indicate that “Financial constraints” is the most influential barrier to manufacturing due to the outbreak of Covid-19, followed by “Government imposed restrictions” and “Setbacks in logistics services.”

Practical implications

The ranking of barriers and developed interpretive ranking process model would be helpful for practitioners and policymakers to formulate strategies for manufacturing organizations to deal with the pandemic situation. The finding can be beneficial as it promotes similar studies in other sectors.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the manufacturing sector by developing a contextual relationship among the set of identified barriers against various performance measures. As per the author's knowledge, this is the first study that provides a relationship and ranking of manufacturing barriers due to the outbreak of Covid-19.
From stocks to ETFs: explaining retail investors' migration behavior
Authors: Meier Marco , Maier Christian
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Evidence suggests that retail investors who invest in individual stocks are, in the long run, largely outperformed by market indexes such as the MSCI World. While some turn to exchange traded funds (ETFs) to invest in such market indexes, few migrate completely to ETFs. This study aims to shed light on the rationale behind retail investors' partial and complete migration from stocks to ETFs.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the pull-push-mooring framework, a qualitative study (N = 21) informs a quantitative study (N = 282) by following established mixed methods guidelines. This study develops propositions for partial and complete migration intention to ETFs.

Findings

Results reveal that perceived investment possibilities, perceived risk reduction, perceived administrative effort, perceived expensiveness and monetary loss costs influence the migration from stocks to ETFs. This study shows that three configurations of perceptions result in partial migration intention and one configuration results in complete migration intention.

Originality/value

This study explains why some migrate partially from stocks to ETFs and others migrate completely. Findings show that both migration behaviors are subject to the same perceptions, but the configurations that form the behaviors are different. While only some identified perceptions must be present for a partial migration, all of them must be present for a complete migration, as it requires retail investors to sell their stocks and accept the costs incurred to invest in ETFs instead.
The German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry—Summary of the ninth annual report
Authors: Schettler Volker J. J. , Peter Christian , Zimmermann Thomas , Julius Ulrich , Roeseler Eberhard , Schlieper Georg , Heigl Franz , Grützmacher Peter , Löhlein Iris , Klingel Reinhard , Hohenstein Bernd , Ramlow Wolfgang , Vogt Anja ,   for the Scientific Board of GLAR for the German Apheresis Working Group
Published: December 2022

During 2012–2020, 89 German apheresis centers collected retrospective and prospective observational data of 2028 patients undergoing regular lipoprotein apheresis (LA) for the German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (GLAR). More than 47 500 LA sessions are documented in GLAR. In 2020, all patients treated with LA showed a high immediate median reduction rate of LDL‐C (68.2%, n = 1055) and Lp(a) (72.4%, n = 994). Patient data were analyzed for the incidence rate of major coronary events (MACE) 1 and 2 years before the beginning of LA treatment (y‐2 and y‐1) and prospectively up to 7 years on LA (y + 1 to y + 7). During the first 2 years of LA (y + 1 and y + 2), a MACE reduction of 78% was observed. Current analysis of GLAR data shows very low incidence rates of cardiovascular events in patients with high LDL‐C and/or high Lp(a) levels, progressive ASCVD, and maximally tolerated lipid lowering medication regular by LA results.
European Farmer Perspectives and their Adoption of Ecological Practices
Authors: Barnes Andrew , Hansson Helena , Billaudet Larissa , Leduc Gaëlle , Tasevska Gordana Manevska , Ryan Mary , Thompson Bethan , Toma Luiza , Duvaleix‐Tréguer Sabine , Tzouramani Irene
Published: December 2022

Delivering an agricultural policy which meets ecosystem and climatic pressures and addresses weaknesses in our current food system presents complex challenges for food producers. Adoption of ecological practices will reduce the dependence on imports into the farm and is one way to meet some of these policy ambitions. Understanding why farmers do or don’t adopt these practices is key to enabling this transition. This study outlines a series of investigations into the key barriers, values and perceptions towards ecological practice adoption across European farming.

We find that personal, technical and institutional forces influence the adoption of more sustainable practices but these forces have varying levels of influence. The tensions between environmental, compared to purely production orientated motivations, may be a key barrier to ecological practice adoption. We also find a strong influence of commodity supply chains which may either encourage or limit adoption of these approaches. Promoting efforts for co‐ordinated approaches between the public and private sectors may mitigate some of the dissonance in messaging towards these practices and alleviate these tensions. We also identify a great deal of heterogeneity within the European farming community and argue for a more targeted approach that would encourage adoption of ecological approaches and promote the scaling up of these practices.
Alcohol‐specific inhibition training in patients with alcohol use disorder: a multi‐centre, double‐blind randomized clinical trial examining drinking outcome and working mechanisms
Authors: Stein Maria , Soravia Leila M. , Tschuemperlin Raphaela M. , Batschelet Hallie M. , Jaeger Joshua , Roesner Susanne , Keller Anne , Gomez Penedo Juan Martin , Wiers Reinout W. , Moggi Franz
Published: December 2022

Aims

For the first time, to our knowledge, in a clinical sample with alcohol use disorder (AUD), this study compared the effects of two versions of alcohol‐specific inhibition training (Alc‐IT) on drinking outcomes and on experimental parameters assessing two possible working mechanisms: stimulus devaluation and inhibitory enhancement.

Design

Multi‐centre, double‐blind, three‐arm clinical RCT with 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up comparing standard Alc‐IT, improved Alc‐IT and an active control condition.

Setting

Three specialized AUD treatment centres in Switzerland.

Participants

A total of 242 detoxified, recently abstinent patients with severe AUD (18–60 years; 29.8% female).

Intervention and Comparator

Both interventions [standard Alc‐IT (n = 84) and improved Alc‐IT (n = 79)] and the comparator [unspecific inhibition training (n = 79)] consisted of six sessions of a modified inhibitory task (Go/NoGo task) with alcohol‐related and neutral stimuli. Both versions of Alc‐IT required response inhibition in alcohol‐related trials but differed in Go/NoGo ratios (standard: 50/50; improved: 75/25), with improved Alc‐IT posing higher inhibitory demands. The control condition, an unspecific inhibition training, featured alcohol‐related pictures in Go as well as NoGo trials.

Measurements

The primary outcome, percentage of days abstinent, was assessed at 3‐month follow‐up with a time‐line follow‐back interview.

Findings

The group receiving improved Alc‐IT showed a significantly higher percentage of days abstinent at 3‐month follow‐up compared with the control group [γcontrol = 74.30; γimproved = 85.78; β = 11.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.57, 20.40, P = 0.012, adjusted r2 = 0.062], while for standard Alc‐IT no effect significantly different from zero was detected (γstandard = 70.95; β = −3.35, 95% CI = −12.20, 5.50, P = 0.457, adjusted r2 = −0.04).

Conclusions

Alcohol‐specific inhibition training with high inhibitory demands increased days abstinent at 3‐month follow‐up in patients with severe alcohol use disorder. Such an improved, inhibitory‐demanding, alcohol‐specific inhibition training outperformed the standard version of alcohol‐specific inhibition training, suggesting an inhibitory working mechanism.
Identifying the core concepts of pharmacology education: A global initiative
Authors: White Paul J. , Guilding Clare , Angelo Tom , Kelly John P. , Gorman Laurel , Tucker Steven J. , Fun Ashleigh , Han Jae , Chen Guanliang , Samak Yassmin , Babey Anna‐Marie , Caetano Fabiana A. , Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Koenig Jennifer , Hao Haiping , Goldfarb Joseph , Karpa Kelly , Vieira Luciene , Restini Carolina , Cunningham Margaret , Aronsson Patrik , Kelly‐Laubscher Roisin , Hernandez Mark , Rangachari Patangi K. , Mifsud Janet , Mraiche Fatima , Sabra Ramzi , Piñeros Octavio , Zhen Xuechu , Kwanashie Helen , Exintaris Betty , Karunaratne Nilushi , Ishii Kuniaki , Liu Yannee
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

In recent decades, a focus on the most critical and fundamental concepts has proven highly advantageous to students and educators in many science disciplines. Pharmacology, unlike microbiology, biochemistry, or physiology, lacks a consensus list of such core concepts.

Experimental Approach

We sought to develop a research‐based, globally relevant list of core concepts that all students completing a foundational pharmacology course should master. This two‐part project consisted of exploratory and refinement phases. The exploratory phase involved empirical data mining of the introductory sections of five key textbooks, in parallel with an online survey of over 200 pharmacology educators from 17 countries across six continents. The refinement phase involved three Delphi rounds involving 24 experts from 15 countries across six continents.

Key Results

The exploratory phase resulted in a consolidated list of 74 candidate core concepts. In the refinement phase, the expert group produced a consensus list of 25 core concepts of pharmacology.

Conclusion and Implications

This list will allow pharmacology educators everywhere to focus their efforts on the conceptual knowledge perceived to matter most by experts within the discipline. Next steps for this project include defining and unpacking each core concept and developing resources to help pharmacology educators globally teach and assess these concepts within their educational contexts.
Cautions when normalizing the dependent variable in a regression as a z‐score
Authors: Penney Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

It is common in empirical analysis to facilitate inference by transforming the dependent variable to follow a standard normal distribution. In this paper, I show that using this transformation results in the estimated treatment effects being systematically attenuated toward zero and bounded in magnitude. The level of attenuation can be empirically relevant. I propose an alternative normalization wherein the dependent variable is divided by the square root of its within variation, which corrects these issues. I show that, in a simple linear regression, the method produces an estimated treatment effect that is numerically identical to Cohen's d.
Heat tolerance variation reveals vulnerability of tropical herbivore–parasitoid interactions to climate change
Authors: Wenda Cheng , Gaitán‐Espitia Juan Diego , Solano‐Iguaran Jaiber J. , Nakamura Akihiro , Majcher Bartosz M. , Ashton Louise A.
Published: December 2022

Assessing the heat tolerance (CTmax) of organisms is central to understand the impact of climate change on biodiversity. While both environment and evolutionary history affect CTmax, it remains unclear how these factors and their interplay influence ecological interactions, communities and ecosystems under climate change. We collected and reared caterpillars and parasitoids from canopy and ground layers in different seasons in a tropical rainforest. We tested the CTmax and Thermal Safety Margins (TSM) of these food webs with implications for how species interactions could shift under climate change. We identified strong influence of phylogeny in herbivore–parasitoid community heat tolerance. The TSM of all insects were narrower in the canopy and parasitoids had lower heat tolerance compared to their hosts. Our CTmax‐based simulation showed higher herbivore–parasitoid food web instability under climate change than previously assumed, highlighting the vulnerability of parasitoids and related herbivore control in tropical rainforests, particularly in the forest canopy.
Predator feeding rates may often be unsaturated under typical prey densities
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Novak Mark , DeLong John P.
Published: December 2022

Predator feeding rates (described by their functional response) must saturate at high prey densities. Although thousands of manipulative functional response experiments show feeding rate saturation at high densities under controlled conditions, it remains unclear how saturated feeding rates are at natural prey densities. The general degree of feeding rate saturation has important implications for the processes determining feeding rates and how they respond to changes in prey density. To address this, we linked two databases—one of functional response parameters and one on mass–abundance scaling—through prey mass to calculate a feeding rate saturation index. We find that: (1) feeding rates may commonly be unsaturated and (2) the degree of saturation varies with predator and prey taxonomic identities and body sizes, habitat, interaction dimension and temperature. These results reshape our conceptualisation of predator–prey interactions in nature and suggest new research on the ecological and evolutionary implications of unsaturated feeding rates.
Linking remotely sensed ecosystem resilience with forest mortality across the continental United States
Authors: Tai Xiaonan , Trugman Anna T. , Anderegg William R. L.
Published: December 2022

Episodes of forest mortality have been observed worldwide associated with climate change, impacting species composition and ecosystem services such as water resources and carbon sequestration. Yet our ability to predict forest mortality remains limited, especially across large scales. Time series of satellite imagery has been used to document ecosystem resilience globally, but it is not clear how well remotely sensed resilience can inform the prediction of forest mortality across continental, multi‐biome scales. Here, we leverage forest inventories across the continental United States to systematically assess the potential of ecosystem resilience derived using different data sets and methods to predict forest mortality. We found high resilience was associated with low mortality in eastern forests but was associated with high mortality in western regions. The unexpected resilience–mortality relation in western United States may be due to several factors including plant trait acclimation, insect population dynamics, or resource competition. Overall, our results not only supported the opportunity to use remotely sensed ecosystem resilience to predict forest mortality but also highlighted that ecological factors may have crucial influences because they can reverse the sign of the resilience–mortality relationships.
Long‐acting injectable cabotegravir forPrEP: A game‐changer inHIVprevention?
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy , Ghosn Jade
Published: December 2022

Background

Long‐acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) represents a new additional option for HIV prevention in people at substantial risk of HIV infection that may fill the gaps in pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, adherence, and retention in users having difficulty with oral PrEP. Data from clinical trials demonstrated that CAB‐LA was safe, highly effective, and well‐accepted for HIV prevention. However, the occurrence of breakthrough HIV infections despite timely injections, HIV seroconversion timing and patterns, risk of selection and dissemination of resistance‐associated mutations to integrase inhibitors, complexity of follow‐up, logistical considerations, and its cost effectiveness compared with oral PrEP constitute significant issues for the integration of CAB‐LA into clinical routine.

Findings

These concerns need to be addressed before moving forward with large‐scale implementation programmes. Pilot and implementation projects are required in the following areas: HIV testing algorithms, patient education, clinic procedures, protocols for switching and discontinuation, efficacy and safety in populations not included in clinical trials, and demedicalization processes. The development of models to increase the uptake of, adherence to, and persistence with and after CAB‐LA injections will also be of paramount importance for success. Lessons learned from these projects will increase experience, staff expertise, and organizational and training capacities to support the roll‐out of this new agent as part of HIV prevention programmes.

Conclusion

CAB‐LA has not yet achieved its full potential in HIV prevention, and strong commitment from all stakeholders is required to push CAB‐LA as a game‐changer in HIV response.
Restless legs syndrome in patients with psoriasis: association with inflammation and sleep quality
Authors: Solak Berna , Aydın Büşra , Yüksekal Gülcan , Yaldız Mahizer
Published: December 2022

Background

We aimed to evaluate if psoriasis associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) due to its close relationship with metabolic disorders.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study in which the relationship between RLS and psoriasis was evaluated. Seventy consecutive psoriasis patients and 70 controls without any skin disorder were included in this study. Data including age, gender, body weight, height, and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were recorded. Diagnosis of RLS was established using International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria. International RLS Rating Scale (IRLSRS) was used to evaluate the severity of symptoms. Each participant completed forms of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).

Results

The RLS frequency in patients with psoriasis was 18.6% vs. 5.7% in the control group (P = 0.018). In psoriasis patients, BMI, DLQI, IRLSRS, hemoglobin, ferritin, CRP, and uric acid levels were significantly higher than those of the controls. In psoriasis patients with RLS, PASI, DLQI, PSQI, IRLSRS scores, CRP level, and BMI were significantly higher, and hemoglobin level was significantly lower relative to the psoriasis patients without RLS. PASI score was the sole independent associate of RLS presence in psoriasis patients.

Conclusion

Restless legs syndrome was significantly more common in psoriasis patients, and the presence of RLS was associated with significantly more severe psoriasis, more severe systemic inflammation, lower serum hemoglobin values, worse quality of life, and sleep quality.
Development, evaluation and adaptation of a critical realism informed theory of procedural pain management in preterm infants: The PAIN‐Neo theory
Authors: De Clifford‐Faugère Gwenaëlle , Aita Marilyn , Arbour Caroline , Colson Sébastien
Published: December 2022

Aim

To present the development, evaluation and adaptation of the PAIN‐Neo theory.

Design

Theory development.

Data Sources

A review of literature was conduct from 1980 to 2021.

Results

Using a critical realism paradigm, this paper presents the PAIN‐Neo theory, which was developed from an analysis of existing theoretical perspectives on paediatric procedural pain, empirical studies conducted with preterm infants, and the research team's pain management expertise. The theory was then empirically tested and fine‐tuned.

Implications for Nursing

The PAIN‐Neo theory highlights that the neonatal nurse is part of a larger picture as she is influenced by factors related to her unit, hospital and country of practice. This theory emphasizes the importance of parental involvement in pain management, which is consistent with family‐centred nursing practices.

Conclusion

The PAIN‐Neo theory reflects the complexity of pain management nursing. This theory is innovative and specific enough to guide practice, structure research projects and contribute to the body of knowledge in the discipline of nursing.
Algorithmic market making in dealer markets with hedging and market impact
Authors: Barzykin Alexander , Bergault Philippe , Guéant Olivier
Published: December 2022

In dealer markets, dealers provide prices at which they agree to buy and sell the assets and securities they have in their scope. With ever increasing trading volume, this quoting task has to be done algorithmically in most markets such as foreign exchange (FX) markets or corporate bond markets. Over the last 10 years, many mathematical models have been designed that can be the basis of quoting algorithms in dealer markets. Nevertheless, in most (if not all) models, the dealer is a pure internalizer, setting quotes and waiting for clients. However, on many dealer markets, dealers also have access to an interdealer market or even public trading venues where they can hedge part of their inventory. In this paper, we propose a model taking this possibility into account therefore allowing dealers to externalize part of their risk. The model displays an important feature well known to practitioners that within a certain inventory range, the dealer internalizes the flow by appropriately adjusting the quotes and starts externalizing outside of that range. The larger the franchise, the wider is the inventory range suitable for pure internalization. The model is illustrated numerically with realistic parameters for USDCNH spot market.
Social equity in the data era: A systematic literature review of data‐driven public service research
Authors: Ruijer Erna , Porumbescu Gregory , Porter Rebecca , Piotrowski Suzanne
Published: December 2022

Governments increasingly rely on large amounts of data to deliver public services. In response, there is a robust discussion about the implications of this trend for efficiency and economy, but much less attention is paid to social equity. To address this issue, our study synthesizes cross‐disciplinary research on the relationship between data‐driven public services and social equity. Based on a systematic literature review of 190 articles covering a decade of research, we demonstrate how public sector data applications relate to social equity in terms of access to services, treatment, service quality, and outcomes. Our review identifies key mechanisms related to data collection, storage, analysis, and usage that need to be addressed to ensure more equitable data‐driven public services. This review contributes to public administration research and practice by highlighting the complexities of social equity in the data era.
Recognising older people's individual resources and home‐care‐specific tasks in home care in Finland: A document analysis of care and service plans
Authors: Puustinen Jonna , Kangasniemi Mari , Pasanen Miko , Turjamaa Riitta
Published: December 2022

Background and Rationale

Comprehensive care and service planning in home care is tailored to older people's individual needs and resources in order to support them living at home. However, little is known about how these individual resources and home‐care‐specific tasks are recognised in older people's care and service plans.

Aims

To describe the content of care and service plans in older people's home care with special attention to their individual resources and home‐care‐specific tasks.

Design

This was a document‐based cross‐sectional study with mixed‐methods analysis, carried out in Eastern Finland during Spring 2018.

Methods

A document analysis using the deductive Finnish Care Classification (FinCC), and an inductively developed framework of older people's care and service plans (n = 71). The data were analysed with descriptive statistical methods.

Results

Altogether, 1718 notes were relevant to the FinCC main categories: 707 (41%) focused on older people's needs and 1011 (59%) on nursing interventions. We identified 1104 notes based on the 26 inductively developed main categories: the majority (n = 628, 57%) focused on individual resources and the remainder (n = 476, 43%) on home‐care‐specific tasks. Increasing age resulted in fewer notes on safety and sensory functions. There were fewer notes on resources related to sleeping and wakefulness after longer care and service periods. An increased number of home visits resulted in more documentation on tasks related to pharmaceutical issues, including repeat prescriptions.

Discussion

Individual resources for older people were documented, to some extent, in their care and service plans. It is necessary to review these alongside home‐care‐specific tasks that support older people's independence and safety at home.

Conclusion

Individual resources need to be recognised in order to enable home‐care professionals to provide tailored, high‐quality home care services. Home‐care‐specific tasks should be supported by documentation with updated, sensitive home care classifications.
Transformed ecologies and transformational saints: Exploring new pilgrimage routes in North East England
Authors: Miles‐Watson Jonathan
Published: December 2022

County Durham in the UK has witnessed dramatic social and environmental shifts over the past 50 years, yet Durham Cathedral has stood at the heart of the region, seemingly solid, unchanging and eternal. It is frequently narrated as a prestigious jewel (a national treasure) that is surrounded by a countryside (and people) that clearly bear the time‐marked scars of the processes of industrialisation and deindustrialisation. In this paper, I explore a recent moment in time when a partnership between the Cathedral and the local secular authorities aimed to rapidly transform our understanding of this space by connecting Cathedral and county through the newly laid Northern Saints' Trails. These Trails were designed as both a response to rapid changes in the local ecology and a catalyst for further transformation. The processes of this formation were ultimately delayed by the outbreak of COVID‐19, yet this external force allowed the Pilgrimage project to find new life as a powerful healing practice for those who dwell in Durham. Attention to this process of purposeful, regular pilgrimage directs our attention towards the entangled nature of the home anthropologist and their role in the co‐construction of space, leading to a call for a new articulation of both core methods in the anthropology of religion and a return to a form of prophetic anthropology (Miles‐Watson, 2020).
Teaching social determinants through geographic information system mapping
Authors: Boggs Zachary , Beck Dallaghan Gary L. , Smithson Sarah , Lam Yee
Published: December 2022

Background

Many institutions in undergraduate medical education have developed unique curricula to teach social determinants of health (SDOH). Geographic information system (GIS) mapping is one tool that learners could use to understand our built environment and its correlation with health outcomes through data analysis, visualization and active learning.

Approach

At the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, medical students participate in a 4‐year longitudinal curriculum on social and health systems science with the final year dedicated to self‐directed learning. This final year course incorporates a GIS‐based online module to help students apply their understanding of the health impacts of SDOH. Students create online maps with simulated patient data and identify ‘hotspots’ with map overlays using ArcGIS software. Students write reflections on their maps based on the implications of SDOH. Thematic analysis of these reflections identified patterns within the narrative data.

Evaluation

From March 2020 to February 2021, 148 fourth‐year medical students participated in the GIS learning module. Five major themes were identified: Explored Social Determinant Topics, Inclusion of Geo‐mapping in Curriculum, Utility of Geo‐mapping in Healthcare, Future Application of ArcGIS for Personal Use, Impressions of ArcGIS Software. Students showed engagement and interest in the exercise, and responses were overall positive. Responses showed understanding of the application of ArcGIS and demonstrated knowledge of social determinants of health.

Implications

A self‐directed, active learning online module using GIS mapping offers a generally popular, eye‐opening and unique method for teaching SDOH in undergraduate medical education.
Multifocal spinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in a juvenile paraparetic dog
Authors: Chávez‐Peón Berle Erica , Hallman Clay , Kleinhenz Katie , Plattner Brandon L.
Published: December 2022

A 1‐year‐old, female English Bulldog presented with a 10‐day history of progressive paraparesis. Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with T3‐L3 segment myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a severely compressive, mildly contrast enhancing, extradural, dorsal, broad‐based mass at the level of L3‐4. Similar, non‐compressive, smaller nodules were present along the extradural space and dura mater of the caudal lumbar spine. Owners elected euthanasia based on these imaging findings and progressive clinical signs. Necropsy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a mesenchymal mass and nodules, admixed with numerous inflammatory cells. The diagnosis of an extradural inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) with a multifocal presentation was made.
Analysis of the Heat-Affected Zone and Ablation Efficiency in Terms of Burst Mode Parameters During High Power Picosecond Laser Micromachining of Metals
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Shin Yung C.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a systematic study on using the burst mode ablation to limit the heat-affected zone (HAZ) while maintaining a high ablation efficiency using a high-power industrial picosecond laser with burst fluence larger than 10 J/cm2. An extended three-dimensional two-temperature model (3D-TTM) was employed to study the mechanism of the HAZ development and to predict the ablation efficiency with experimental validation. The essentiality of including the lattice heat conduction to predict accurate HAZ was discussed. The effect of the number of pulses per burst and pulse-to-pulse separation time was investigated. The optimal number of pulses per burst was obtained by using the 3D-TTM for copper and stainless steel. The 3D-TTM suggested that by using the optimal number of pulses per burst, a maximum reduction of 77% and 61% in HAZ could be achieved for copper and stainless steel respectively. And the corresponding ablation efficiency will be increased by 24% and 163% for copper and stainless steel at the same time. This study showed that burst mode laser machining at high fluence is an effective way of increasing efficiency while limiting the HAZ.
Occurrence, Diversity, and Genomes of “
Candidatus
Patescibacteria” along the Early Diagenesis of Marine Sediments
Authors: Zhao Rui , Farag Ibrahim F. , Jørgensen Steffen L. , Biddle Jennifer F.
Published: December 2022

Ultrasmall-celled “
Ca.
Patescibacteria” have been estimated to account for one-quarter of the total microbial diversity on Earth, the parasitic lifestyle of which may exert a profound control on the overall microbial population size of the local ecosystems. However, their diversity and metabolic functions in marine sediments, one of the largest yet understudied ecosystems on Earth, remain virtually uncharacterized.
Human and Animal Fascioliasis: Origins and Worldwide Evolving Scenario
Authors: Mas-Coma Santiago , Valero M. Adela , Bargues M. Dolores
Published: December 2022

Fascioliasis is a plant- and waterborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by two trematode species: (i)Fasciola hepaticain Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania and (ii)F. gigantica, which is restricted to Africa and Asia. Fasciolid liver flukes infect mainly herbivores as ruminants, equids, and camelids but also omnivore mammals as humans and swine and are transmitted by freshwater Lymnaeidae snail vectors.
Sertraline Is an Effective SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitor Targeting the Spike Protein
Authors: Chen Yuliu , Wu Yan , Chen Shaoying , Zhan Qingping , Wu Dingzhou , Yang Chan , He Xiaoxue , Qiu Mengjie , Zhang Nannan , Li Zhaofeng , Guo Yunhua , Wen Minjun , Lu Lu , Ma Cuiqing , Guo Jiayin , Xu Wei , Li Xiaojuan , Li Lin , Jiang Shibo , Pan Xiaoyan , Liu Shuwen , Tan Suiyi
Published: December 2022

The study shows SRT is an effective entry inhibitor against infection of SARS-CoV-2, which is currently prevalent globally. SRT targets the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is effective against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Augmentation of 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase (DHCR24) Expression Induced by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection Facilitates Viral Replication via Promoting Cholesterol Synthesis
Authors: Ma Yingying , Han Yanyan , Li Yuan , Fan Wenlu , Yao Xin , Huang Xinning , Wang Mei , Jiang Sheng , Zhao Jinghua , Qiao Xinyuan , Song Houhui , Xu Yigang
Published: December 2022

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an important pathogen of cattle, is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease, which causes extensive economic losses in both cow- and beef-rearing industry worldwide. The molecular interactions between BVDV and its host are extremely complex.
Serine Deamination Is a New Acid Tolerance Mechanism Observed in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Wiebe Michelle A. , Brannon John R. , Steiner Bradley D. , Bamidele Adebisi , Schrimpe-Rutledge Alexandra C. , Codreanu Simona G. , Sherrod Stacy D. , McLean John A. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria
Published: December 2022

The observation that
l-
serine uptake occurs as
E. coli
cultures grow is well established, yet the benefit
E. coli
garners from this uptake remains unclear. Here, we report a novel acid tolerance mechanism where
l-
serine is deaminated to pyruvate and ammonia, promoting survival of
E. coli
under acidic conditions. This study is important as it provides evidence of the use of
l-
serine as an acid response strategy, not previously reported for
E. coli
.
Botrytis cinerea Transcription Factor BcXyr1 Regulates (Hemi-)Cellulase Production and Fungal Virulence
Authors: Ma Liang , Liu Tong , Zhang Ke , Shi Haojie , Zhang Lei , Zou Gen , Sharon Amir
Published: December 2022

PCWDEs are considered important components of the virulence arsenal of necrotrophic plant pathogens. However, despite intensive research, the role of PCWDEs in the pathogenicity of necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungi remains ambiguous.
Constraining the crustal composition of the continental U.S. using seismic observables
Authors: Sui Siyuan , Shen Weisen , Mahan Kevin , Schulte-Pelkum Vera
Published: December 2022

The composition of the crust is one of the most uncertain and controversial components of continental estimates due to (1) limited direct access and (2) inconsistent indirect assessments. Here we show that by combining high-resolution shear velocity (Vs) models with newly measured with newly measured ratio of compressional wave velocity (Vp) and Vs, or Vp/Vs ratio, for the crystalline crust, a 3-D composition (SiO2 wt%) model of the continental crust can be derived with uncertainty estimates. Comparing the model with local xenolith data shows consistency at mid and lower crustal depths. The spatial patterns in bulk SiO2 content correlate with major geological provinces, including the footprints of Cenozoic and Mesozoic mafic volcanism in the western U.S., and offer new insight into the composition and evolution of the continental U.S.
Rare case of bilateral blindness caused byStreptococcus dysgalactiaesppequisimilisendophthalmitis in the setting of meningitis
Authors: Rapoport Eliot Alexander , Hanebrink Kurt , Serafin Sergio , Almoujahed Mohammad , Eyler Stephen J
Published: December 2022

Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rare infectious disease of the intraocular tissues with a major risk of significant visual loss. We describe a case of a female patient who presented with altered mental status and vision loss. The patient was found to have bacteraemia, meningitis and bilateral EE caused byStreptococcus dysgalactiae spp equisimilis. The patient was clinically stabilised but continued to demonstrate profound visual loss at 5-month follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this organism causing meningitis complicated by EE. Furthermore, this infection may have heralded a diagnosis of cancer.