bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating web information gathering tasks
Authors: Alhenshiri Anwar , Watters Carolyn , Shepherd Michael , Duffy Jack
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we describe the preliminary results of a study investigating subtasks of the information gathering task on the Web. Those subtasks are: managing information, handling multiple sessions, and re‐finding information. The study compared features in a prototype, WIGI (Web Information Gathering Interface), to the current state of Web information gathering that involves mainly the Web browser. Substantial differences were revealed between the two states compared in the study.
Information use and information sharing in marketing: A diary study
Authors: Du Jia Tina
Published: January 2013

The study reported in this paper is part of an ongoing research project exploring marketing professionals' information behavior. A diary study was conducted with seven marketing professionals who contributed a total of 1,198 diary entries during their five working days. This paper presents the results of how marketing professionals use and share information in their daily work activities including report writing, partnership maintenance, competitors' behavior and performance analysis, and strategic planning. The results show the subsequent use of information obtained and patterns of information sharing occurrence by marketing professionals.
AMARA: An affective agent to enhance users' enjoyment and engagement with online art collections
Authors: MacDonald Craig M. , Park S. Joon , Chae Gunho
Published: January 2013

This demonstration presents AMARA, a novel interactive system to help novice art enthusiasts browse online art collections. Currently being developed for the Indianapolis Museum of Art website, the system uses an embedded interactive agent who asks users a series of simple and straightforward multiple‐choice questions regarding users' current feelings, preferences, and interests in art. The answers to each question are mapped to social tags, which are then used to retrieve and display relevant artworks the user may find interesting or appealing. Using AMARA, users can easily browse or search through online art collections without having to use a traditional keyword search, which requires extensive knowledge of art terminology or advanced subject expertise. Thus, AMARA was designed to enhance users' enjoyment and engagement with online art collections and assist users in discovering their known and unknown preferences in art.
Scientific bloggers under the altmetric microscope
Authors: Peters Isabella , Beutelspacher Lisa , Maghferat Parinaz , Terliesner Jens
Published: January 2013

In this paper we present a preliminary altmetric study of scientific bloggers and how they use different social media (i.e. blogs, social bookmarking systems, and Twitter) for scholarly communication, information dissemination, and creation of visibility. We analyzed linking behavior in blog posts and tweets, number of comments assigned to blog posts and share of publications found in social bookmarking systems. Results show that heavy tweeting and blogging do not result in large numbers of followers and comments, tweets and blog posts contain lots of URLs and self‐citations, and share of publications found in social bookmarking systems varies between different platforms.
Introducing FRED: Faceted retrieval of e‐government documents
Authors: Freund Luanne , Jinglewski Mary , Kessler Kristof
Published: January 2013

A faceted, metadata‐driven approach to e‐government information access is explored through the development of the FRED system. This paper describes first steps of this research, in which the quality of existing metadata in the Canadian context is examined, and the system framework is established. Future work will focus on mapping and supplementing existing metadata and evaluating the effectiveness of faceted information access in this domain.
The dynamic nature of the kinome
Authors: Graves Lee M. , Duncan James S. , Whittle Martin C. , Johnson Gary L.
Published: January 2013

Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the analysis of the kinome ‘en masse’. What these studies have revealed is a surprisingly dynamic network of kinase responses to highly selective kinase inhibitors, thereby illustrating the complex biological responses to these small molecules. Moreover these studies have identified key transcription factors, such as c-Myc and FOXO (forkhead box O), that play pivotal roles in kinome reprogramming in cancer cells. Since many kinase inhibitors fail despite a high efficacy of blocking their intended targets, elucidating kinome changes at a more global level will be essential to understanding the mechanisms of kinase inhibitor pharmacology. The development of technologies to study the kinome, as well as examples of kinome resilience and reprogramming, will be discussed in the present review.
Improved constrained optimization method for reaction-path determination in the generalized hybrid orbital quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations
Authors: Jung Jaewoon , Re Suyong , Sugita Yuji , Ten-no Seiichiro
Published: January 2013

The nudged elastic band (NEB) and string methods are widely used to obtain the reaction path of chemical reactions and phase transitions. In these methods, however, it is difficult to define an accurate Lagrangian to generate the conservative forces. On the other hand, the constrained optimization with locally updated planes (CO-LUP) scheme defines target function properly and suitable for micro-iteration optimizations in quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) systems, which uses the efficient second order QM optimization. However, the method does have problems of inaccurate estimation of reactions and inappropriate accumulation of images around the energy minimum. We introduce three modifications into the CO-LUP scheme to overcome these problems: (1) An improved tangent estimation of the reaction path, which is used in the NEB method, (2) redistribution of images using an energy-weighted interpolation before updating local tangents, and (3) reduction of the number of constraints, in particular translation/rotation constraints, for improved convergence. First, we test the method on the isomerization of alanine dipeptide without QM/MM calculation, showing that the method is comparable to the string method both in accuracy and efficiency. Next, we apply the method for defining the reaction paths of the rearrangement reaction catalyzed by chorismate mutase (CM) and of the phosphoryl transfer reaction catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) using generalized hybrid orbital QM/MM calculations. The reaction energy barrier of CM is in high agreement with the experimental value. The path of PKA reveals that the enzyme reaction is associative and there is a late transfer of the substrate proton to Asp 166, which is in agreement with the recently published result using the NEB method.
Strong electron correlations stabilize paramagnetic cubic Cr1−xAlxN solid solutions
Authors: Alling B. , Hultberg L. , Hultman L. , Abrikosov I. A.
Published: January 2013

The stability of rock salt structure cubic Cr1−xAlxN solid solutions at high Al content and high temperature has made it one of the most important materials systems for protective coating applications. We show that the strong electron correlations in a material with dynamic magnetic disorder is the underlying reason for the observed stability against isostructural decomposition. This is done by using the first-principles disordered local moments molecular dynamics technique, which allows us to simultaneously consider electronic, magnetic, and vibrational degrees of freedom.
Myosin phosphatase is inactivated by caspase-3 cleavage and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 during apoptosis
Authors: Iwasaki Takahiro , Katayama Takeshi , Kohama Kazuhiro , Endo Yaeta , Sawasaki Tatsuya
Published: January 2013

In nonapoptotic cells, the phosphorylation level of myosin II is constantly maintained by myosin kinases and myosin phosphatase. During apoptosis, caspase-3–activated Rho-associated protein kinase I triggers hyperphosphorylation of myosin II, leading to membrane blebbing. Although inhibition of myosin phosphatase could also contribute to myosin II phosphorylation, little is known about the regulation of myosin phosphatase in apoptosis. In this study, we have demonstrated that, in apoptotic cells, the myosin-binding domain of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) is cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp-884, and the cleaved MYPT1 is strongly phosphorylated at Thr-696 and Thr-853, phosphorylation of which is known to inhibit myosin II binding. Expression of the caspase-3 cleaved form of MYPT1 that lacked the C-terminal end in HeLa cells caused the dissociation of MYPT1 from actin stress fibers. The dephosphorylation activity of myosin phosphatase immunoprecipitated from the apoptotic cells was lower than that from the nonapoptotic control cells. These results suggest that down-regulation of MYPT1 may play a role in promoting hyperphosphorylation of myosin II by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of myosin II during apoptosis.
Impact of antenatal glucocorticosteroids on whole‐genome expression in preterm babies
Authors: Saugstad Ola Didrik , Kwinta Przemko , Wollen Embjørg Julianne , Bik – Multanowski Mirosław , Madetko – Talowska Anna , Jagła Mateusz , Tomasik Tomasz , Pietrzyk Jacek Józef
Published: January 2013

Aim

To study the impact that using antenatal steroid to treat threatened preterm delivery has on whole‐genome expression.

Methods

A prospective whole‐genome expression study was carried out on 50 newborn infants, delivered before 32 weeks gestation, who had been exposed to antenatal steroids, including 40 who had received a full antenatal steroid course. Seventy infants not exposed to antenatal steroids formed the control group. Microarray analyses were performed five and 28 days after delivery, and the results were validated by real‐time PCR. The study was conducted between September 2008 and November 2010.

Results

Twenty thousand six hundred and ninety‐three genes were studied in the infants' leucocytes. Thirteen were differentially expressed 5 days after delivery, but there were no differences at day 28. Four genes related to cancer or inflammation were up‐regulated. Nine genes were down‐regulated: six were Y‐linked and associated with malignancies, graft‐versus‐host disease, male infertility and cell differentiation and three were associated with pre‐eclampsia, oxidative stress and chloride/bicarbonate exchange. Seven gene pathways were up‐regulated at day five and only one at day 28. These were associated with cell growth, cell cycle regulation, metabolism and apoptosis.

Conclusion

Antenatal steroid therapy affects a limited number of genes and gene pathways in leucocytes in preterm babies at day five of life. The effect is short‐lived, but long‐term effects cannot be ruled out.
Managing disclosure following recent‐onset psychosis: utilizing the Individual Placement and Support model
Authors: Allott Kelly A. , Turner Luana R. , Chinnery Gina L. , Killackey Eoin J. , Nuechterlein Keith H.
Published: January 2013

Aims:

Individual Placement and Support is the most defined and evidence‐based approach to supported employment for severe mental illness, including recent‐onset psychosis. However, there is limited evidence or detailed guidelines informing the management of mental illness disclosure to educators or employers when delivering Individual Placement and Support. In this paper, we describe the initial disclosure preferences of young people with recent‐onset psychosis enrolled in Individual Placement and Support and provide guidance for managing disclosure when delivering Individual Placement and Support with this population.

Methods:

Drawing from sites in Melbourne, Australia and Los Angeles, USA, clients' initial disclosure preferences were examined. We describe approaches to providing IndividualPlacement and Support when no disclosure is permitted compared withwhen disclosure is permitted, including two illustrative case vignettes.

Results:

No disclosure of mental illness or disability was requested by 54–59% of clients; 41–46% of clients permitted partial or complete disclosure. The ‘no disclosure’ scenario required the Individual Placement and Support worker to provide support ‘behind the scenes’, whereas when disclosure was permitted, the Individual Placement and Support worker could have contact with instructors/employers and work ‘on the front lines’. The case vignettes illustrate how both approaches can lead to successful vocational outcomes.

Conclusions:

We found that Individual Placement and Support can be provided in an educative, flexible, creative and collaborative manner according to client disclosure preferences. We suggest that disclosure preferences do not prevent successful vocational outcomes, although this supposition requires empirical investigation.
From dog sledge to satellite: Knud Ellitsgaard‐Rasmussen (1923–2009), geologist
Authors: Brooks Kent
Published: January 2013

Knud Ellitsgaard‐Rasmussen's career spanned an astounding period of change in the science. He was not a geologist whose name was widely known and it is probably true to say that few students today, even in his native Denmark, have heard of him. He was nevertheless a figure of huge importance to geological research in his role as someone who directed geology along very productive lines, creating an environment which was highly conducive to the successful careers of many talented researchers. He saw and presided over geology as it evolved from the heroic days of an individual with a dog‐sledge and a microscope to later days with armies of personnel, aircraft, marine geophysical vessels, the GPS and the ICP‐MS. He led the mapping of a subcontinent.
Efficacy of the treatments used for the control of Caligus rogercresseyi infecting Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a new fish‐farming location in Region XI, Chile
Authors: Bravo S , Nuñez M , Silva M T
Published: January 2013

Caligus rogercresseyi is the most important parasite affecting Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout farming in sea water in Chile. After the outbreaks of the infectious salmon anaemia recorded in Region X from 2007, the salmon industry has expanded southwards to Region XI, where 60% of Atlantic salmon in Chile is now produced. In parallel with the relocation of salmon production, sea lice infestation has also spread to Region XI, and today C. rogercresseyi is the most serious threat to the salmon‐farming industry in this region. The results obtained through a year of monitoring between September 2007 and August 2008 on a farm located in the ‘Las Guaitecas Archipelago’ in Region XI (44°S; 74°W) showed that treatments with emamectin benzoate and deltamethrin did not give the expected control of Caligus. Failures of the treatments were associated with the loss of sensitivity recorded for C. rogercresseyi to emamectin benzoate in Region X. In addition, a major influence was the lack of delousing coordination measures with the neighbouring farms sharing the same area in that period.
Prevalence and Prediction of Overweight and Obesity Among Elementary School Students
Authors: Moreno Geraldine , Johnson‐Shelton Deb , Boles Shawn
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

The high rates of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States have generated interest in schools as sites for monitoring body mass index (BMI) information. This study established baseline values for a 5‐year longitudinal assessment of BMI of elementary school children and examined variation across the schools, because little is known about factors that affect the distribution of overweight and obesity within school districts.

METHODS

Height and weight measurements were collected on 2317 elementary school children in 1 school district. BMI was calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's NutStat program. Child characteristics included gender, age, eligibility for free and reduced lunch (proxy for socioeconomic status [SES]), school, grade, and ethnicity/race. Children were grouped into 2 BMI categories, <85th percentile or ≥85th percentile (overweight/obesity). Logistic regression was used to examine potential predictors of overweight/obesity.

RESULTS

Prevalence of ≥85th percentile was 30.9%, 34.4%, 35.3%, 36.4%, 37.1%, and 44.5% for K‐5, respectively. Prevalence of ≥85th percentile was highest among Hispanic children. Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of inclusion in the ≥85th percentile category followed by grade and free and reduced lunch eligibility.

CONCLUSION

The data are consistent with the prevalence of overweight/obesity among American children and Hispanic children in particular. District prevalence of overweight/obesity is higher than available state statistics. Most of the BMI variation is accounted for by ethnicity, SES, and grade. The grade effect and high prevalence of overweight/obesity provide a rationale for BMI screening retention at the schools.
Metabolic acclimation to excess light intensity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: DAVIS MARIA C. , FIEHN OLIVER , DURNFORD DION G.
Published: January 2013

In an effort to understand the role of metabolism in photoacclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we used NMR and GC‐MS to assess changes in the aqueous metabolome following a shift to excess light. Amino acid pool sizes increased significantly in response to high light along with pathways downstream of photorespiration. Our results suggest metabolism is pliable, has a critical role in coping with the energetic imbalance during excess light exposure, and a necessary adjustment to support an increased growth rate that is an effective energy sink for the excess reducing power generated during light stress.
Effect of training cessation on muscular performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bosquet L. , Berryman N. , Dupuy O. , Mekary S. , Arvisais D. , Bherer L. , Mujika I.
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of resistance training cessation on strength performance through a meta‐analysis. Seven databases were searched from which 103 of 284 potential studies met inclusion criteria. Training status, sex, age, and the duration of training cessation were used as moderators. Standardized mean difference (SMD) in muscular performance was calculated and weighted by the inverse of variance to calculate an overall effect and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results indicated a detrimental effect of resistance training cessation on all components of muscular performance: [submaximal strength; SMD (95% CI) = −0.62 (−0.80 to −0.45), P < 0.01], [maximal force; SMD (95% CI) = −0.46 (−0.54 to −0.37), P < 0.01], [maximal power; SMD (95% CI) = −0.20 (−0.28 to −0.13), P < 0.01]. A dose–response relationship between the amplitude of SMD and the duration of training cessation was identified. The effect of resistance training cessation was found to be larger in older people (> 65 years old). The effect was also larger in inactive people for maximal force and maximal power when compared with recreational athletes. Resistance training cessation decreases all components of muscular strength. The magnitude of the effect differs according to training status, age or the duration of training cessation.
Comparison of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing of Acinetobacter baumannii in China
Authors: Hu Yuan , Li Boqing , Jin Dazhi , Cui Zhigang , Tao Xiaoxia , Zhang Binghua , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: January 2013

A panel of seven variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) markers was selected for
Acinetobacter baumannii
typing analysis (MLVA-7). Compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MLVA-7 provided greater discrimination. We modified the criteria for MLVA complex assignments proposed previously, and a remarkable congruence between MLVA-7- and PFGE-based strain clustering was observed.
Emergency medical admissions, deaths at weekends and the public holiday effect. Cohort study
Authors: Smith Stacy , Allan Ananda , Greenlaw Nicola , Finlay Sian , Isles Chris
Published: January 2013

Objectives

To assess whether mortality of patients admitted on weekends and public holidays was higher in a district general hospital whose consultants are present more than 6 h per day on the acute medical unit with no other fixed clinical commitments.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Secondary care.

Participants

All emergency medical admissions to Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010.

Methods

We examined 7 and 30 day mortality for all weekend and for all public holiday admissions, using all weekday and non-public holiday admissions, respectively, as comparators. We adjusted mortality for age, gender, comorbidity, deprivation, diagnosis and year of admission.

Results

771 (3.8%) of 20 072 emergency admissions died within 7 days of admission and 1780 (8.9%) within 30 days. Adjusted weekend mortality in the all weekend versus all other days analysis was not significantly higher at 7 days (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.31; p=0.312) or at 30 days (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21; p=0.322). By contrast, adjusted public holiday mortality in the all public holidays versus all other days analysis was 48% higher at 7 days (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.95; p=0.006) and 27% higher at 30 days (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.57; p=0.031). Interactions between the weekend variable and the public holiday variable were not statistically significant for mortality at either 7 or 30 days.

Conclusions

Patients admitted as emergencies to medicine on public holidays had significantly higher mortality at 7 and 30 days compared with patients admitted on other days of the week.
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF BIS(2-AMINO-6-METHYLPYRIDINIUM) TETRACHLORIDOZINCATE
Authors: OUESLATI A. , HAMDI M. , CHAABANE I. , HLEL F. , GARGOURI M.
Published: January 2013

The complex impedance of the bis(2-amino-6-methylpyridine) tetrachloridozincate compound (C6H9N2)2ZnCl4 has been investigated in the temperature range 313–403 K and in the frequency range 200 Hz–5 MHz. The impedance plots show semicircle arcs at different temperatures and an electrical equivalent circuit has been proposed to explain the impedance results. The circuits consist of the parallel combination of bulk resistance Rp and constant phase elements (CPE). The bulk resistance of the material decreases with rise in temperature. dc conduction activation energies are estimated from Arrhenius plots. The frequency-dependent conductivity data are fitted in the modified power law: σ ac (ω) = σ dc + A1ωs1 + A2ωs2. Dielectric data were analyzed using complex electrical modulus M* at various temperatures. The modulus plot can be characterized by full width at half height or by β values of Kohlrausch–William–Watts (KWW) function. Activation energy of hopping is almost close to the activation energy of conduction suggesting a hopping transport mechanism.
Changing the Way We Do Business: Recommendations to Accelerate Biomarker Development in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tempero Margaret A. , Klimstra David , Berlin Jordan , Hollingsworth Tony , Kim Paula , Merchant Nipun , Moore Malcolm , Pleskow Doug , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Lowy Andrew M.
Published: January 2013

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most aggressive of all epithelial malignancies. In contrast to the favorable trends seen in most other common malignancies, the five-year survival of patients with this disease remains only 6%, a statistic that has changed minimally for decades. Only two drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pancreatic cancer in the last 15 years, and there are no established strategies for early detection. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 538–40. ©2012 AACR.
Exendin-4 protects endothelial cells from lipoapoptosis by PKA, PI3K, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways
Authors: Erdogdu Özlem , Eriksson Linnéa , Xu Hua , Sjöholm Åke , Zhang Qimin , Nyström Thomas
Published: January 2013

Experimental studies have indicated that endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. We previously reported that human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) express the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor and that the stable GLP1 mimetic exendin-4 is able to activate the receptor, leading to increased cell proliferation. Here, we have studied the effect of exendin-4 and native GLP1 (7–36) on lipoapoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in HCAECs. Apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation, after incubating cells with palmitate. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxidative species (ROS) were analyzed. GLP1 receptor activation, PKA-, PI3K/Akt-, eNOS-, p38 MAPK-, and JNK-dependent pathways, and genetic silencing of transfection of eNOS were also studied. Palmitate-induced apoptosis stimulated cells to release NO and ROS, concomitant with upregulation of eNOS, which required activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Exendin-4 restored the imbalance between NO and ROS production in which ROS production decreased and NO production was further augmented. Incubation with exendin-4 and GLP1 (7–36) protected HCAECs against lipoapoptosis, an effect that was blocked by PKA, PI3K/Akt, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK inhibitors. Genetic silencing of eNOS also abolished the anti-apoptotic effect afforded by exendin-4. Our results support the notion that GLP1 receptor agonists restore eNOS-induced ROS production due to lipotoxicity and that such agonists protect against lipoapoptosis through PKA-PI3K/Akt-eNOS-p38 MAPK-JNK-dependent pathways via a GLP1 receptor-dependent mechanism.
Analysis of Occlusal Stresses Transmitted to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve by Multiple Threaded Implants
Authors: Sammartino G. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Citarella R. , Lepore M. , Marenzi G.
Published: January 2013

Background: Potential nerve injury or loss of sensation can occur after mandibular implant placement or loading. To avoid this type of damage, it is critical to determine the proper distance from implants to the mandibular nerve. Hence, the purpose of this study is to use biomechanical analyses to determine the safe distance from multiple implants to the inferior alveolar nerve.

Methods: Using the boundary element method, a numerical mandibular model was designed to simulate a mandibular segment containing multiple threaded fixtures. This model allows assessment of the pressure, as induced by occlusal loads, on the trigeminal nerve. Such pressure distribution was evaluated against different distances from the fixtures to the mandibular canal, against the possible lack of the central fixture in a three‐abutment configuration, and against different levels of implant osseointegration. All the simulations considered a canal that is orthogonal to the implant axis.

Results: Nerve pressure increased quickly when the implant–canal distance decreased in the range studied. Lack of the central implant to support the central abutment caused major increases in nerve pressure.

Conclusions: This study suggests a minimal implant–canal distance of 1 mm to prevent inferior alveolar nerve damage caused by three connected implants. For clinical safety, an additional 0.5 mm is recommended as a cushion, so a 1.5‐mm minimal distance should be planned to avoid potential nerve injury.
Does retained‐seed priming drive the evolution of serotiny in drylands? An assessment using the cactus Mammillaria hernandezii
Authors: Santini Bianca A. , Martorell Carlos
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Serotinous plants retain their seeds for a long time. In deserts, retained seeds undergo hydration‐dehydration cycles and thus may become primed. Priming enhances germination and seedling vigor. We test the hypothesis that serotiny evolves because it provides a site protected from predators in which seeds can become primed. Rainfall‐cued dispersal of primed seeds may enhance this effect.

• Methods: We tested this hypothesis with Mammillaria hernandezii through protein‐content analyses; field and laboratory germination experiments with primed, unprimed, and retained seeds; and fitness estimations from demographic models.

• Key results: Hydration‐dehydration cycles induced priming, enhancing germination. Artificial priming and retention in the parent plant for 1 yr induced similar changes in seed protein patterns, suggesting that priming occurs naturally while seeds are retained. Under field conditions, germination of seeds retained for 1 yr more than doubled that of seeds of the same cohort that were not primed or that remained buried for 1 yr. The first seeds to germinate died rapidly. Serotinous plants whose seeds underwent priming had higher fitness than those whose seeds were in the soil seed bank or that did not experience priming.

• Conclusions: Priming in soil seed banks may be costly because of high predation, so seed protection during priming is sufficient to promote the evolution of serotiny. Bet hedging contributes to this process. Rapid germination of primed seeds that respond to brief rainfall events is disadvantageous because such rainfall is insufficient for seedling survival. Serotinous species counteract this cost by cueing dispersal with heavy precipitation.
Polymorphism at genes involved in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Puerma Eva , Aguadé Montserrat
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Genes involved in relevant functions for environmental adaptation can be considered primary candidates for their variation having been shaped by natural selection. Detecting recent selective events through their footprint on nucleotide variation constitutes a challenging task in species with a complex demographic history such as Arabidopsis thaliana. We have surveyed nucleotide variation in this species at nine genes involved in salt tolerance. The available genomewide information for this species has allowed us to contrast the levels and patterns of variation detected at the candidate genes with empirical distributions obtained from noncandidate regions.

• Methods: We sequenced nine genes involved in salt tolerance (∼32 kb) in 20 ecotypes of A. thaliana and analyzed polymorphism and divergence at the individual gene and multilocus levels.

• Key results: Variation at the nine genes studied was characterized by a generalized skew toward polymorphisms with low‐frequency variants. Except for genes RCD1 and NHX8, this pattern was similar to that generally detected in the A. thaliana genome and could thus be primarily explained by the species demographic history. The more extreme deviation at the NHX8 gene and its excess of polymorphism relative to divergence points to the recent action of selection on this gene.

• Conclusions: The analysis of nucleotide polymorphism and divergence at nine genes involved in salt tolerance provided little evidence for the recent action of positive selection. Only the signals detected at NHX8 from both polymorphism and divergence were suggestive of the putative contribution of this gene to local adaptation.
Usos e Potencialidades da Cachoeira do Córrego da Caçada (Ituiutaba, MG) Para o Lazer e o Turismo de Natureza.
Authors: Portuguez Anderson Pereira , De Souza Bárbara Luísa Martins Mariano
Published: January 2013

Este trabalho buscou analisar os usos e potencialidades de lazer e do turismo de natureza na Cachoeira do Córrego da Caçada em Ituiutaba - MG. Para tanto, observou-se o potencial turístico da queda d’água a partir dos seguintes critérios: distância da queda até o centro da cidade; facilidade de acesso; tipo de propriedade; riqueza da cobertura vegetal do entorno; altura da queda; qualidade visual da água; atividades esportivas possíveis e outras. A Cachoeira do Córrego da Caçada apresenta potencial para o turismo de natureza, porém o que se pode dizer que ocorre hoje no local é lazer em ambiente natural. A visitação à queda d'água poderia enriquecer o “Circuito Turístico Águas do Cerrado”, pois conta com viabilidades ecoturística, geoturística e de turismo rural. Contudo, para que o local passe a fazer parte de um circuito turístico faz-se necessário o aprimoramento da infra-estrutura local e a capacitação dos envolvidos na recepção dos visitantes.
O Espaço do Tempo na Geografia
Authors: Teixeira Coutinho Bernard
Published: January 2013

A seguir, colocaremos em exposição um desiderato nosso de anunciar o problema do tempo e a sua incorporação nos discursos geográficos. Isto é, buscaremos transitar por diferentes reflexões filosóficas, objetivando entender de que maneira o espaço geográfico apreende a categoria tempo ao constituir-se e de que modo isso é tratado pela Geografia.
Incorporating feedforward action into self‐optimising control policies
Authors: Umar Lia Maisarah , Cao Yi , Kariwala Vinay
Published: January 2013

The available methods for the selection of controlled variables (CVs), using the concept of self‐optimising control (SOC), focus on finding CVs, which are held at constant setpoints using a feedback controller. In this paper, it is shown that better self‐optimising properties can be achieved by incorporating feedforward action using measured disturbances in the SOC policies. The resulting operational policy allows the setpoints for CVs to be varied with measured disturbances, allowing for near‐optimal operation in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through its application to an exothermic reactor and a forced‐circulation evaporator.
11C Click Chemistry Using [11C]Methyl Azide: Simplified, Versatile, and Practical Alternative Access to [11C]Nucleosides and [11C]Oligonucleotides for PET Imaging
Authors: Bordenave Thomas , Hazari Puja Panwar , James Damien , Mishra Anil K. , Szlosek‐Pinaud Magali , Fouquet Eric
Published: January 2013

This communication reports the simplified formation of methyl azide and its use in the Huisgen cycloaddition for the rapid, efficient, and selective labeling of modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides. The transposition to radioactive chemistry is presented, and this furnishes practical access to [11C]methylated tracers for positron emission tomography imaging.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with N,N‐Dialkylformamides: An Approach to the Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Kumar P. Santhosh , Kumar G. Sathish , Kumar R. Arun , Reddy N. Veera , Rajender Reddy K.
Published: January 2013

A new synthetic approach for amide bond formation through the oxidative coupling of N,N‐dialkylformamides with carboxylic acids was achieved by using a copper catalyst. Furthermore, this method was applied in the coupling of chiral amino acids in which the stereochemistry was retained in the resulting amide products.
3D Dendritic Nanostructure of Silver‐Array: Preparation, Growth Mechanism and Application in Nitrate Sensor
Authors: Hu Jingfang , Sun Jizhou , Bian Chao , Tong Jianhua , Shanhong Xia
Published: January 2013

A 3D dendritic nanostructure of silver‐array (DSA) was prepared via electrodeposition on an interdigitated array (IDA) microelectrode. For preparation of this nanostructure, the optimal parameters such as deposition potential, deposition time, the electrode bandwidth and gap size were systematically investigated. It was found that the edge effect of the IDA microelectrode is a key factor for controlling the 3D dendritic growth of silver. Furthermore, the formation of the 3D dendritic morphology was discussed from the aspect of electrochemical nucleation theory and nonequilibrium growth dynamics to give a deep understanding of its growth mechanism. For its potential practical application, we showed that the as‐prepared 3D DSA nanomaterial exhibited high electrocatalytic reduction ability to nitrate in neutral solution and excellent performance for nitrate determination. An amperometric nitrate microsensor based on the 3D DSA was obtained.
Fabrication of FITC‐doped silica nanoparticles and study of their cellular uptake in the presence of lectins
Authors: Kotsuchibashi Yohei , Zhang Yiyao , Ahmed Marya , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Aoyagi Takao , Narain Ravin
Published: January 2013

Fluorescent silica nanoparticles are reported to be highly stable and biocompatible materials with high water solubility, which make them ideal candidates for biological applications. These nanoparticles can also be modified with biocompatible and targeting moieties and can be used for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications, such as targeting, particle tracking, cargo carrier, and as contrast agents. In this study, fluorescent dye‐doped silica nanoparticles were prepared by a modified Stöber method. The nanoparticles produced were surface functionalized with amine moieties for their conjugation with glucose‐derived and galactose‐based residues. The amine, glucose‐derived, and galactose‐based functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as sizes, polydispersities, organic layer content, and surface chemistries. The nanoparticles produced were then studied for their interactions with carbohydrate‐specific lectins. These lectin bioconjugates have helped in understanding their interactions with cell‐surface receptors. As expected, galactose‐functionalized nanoparticles were found to specifically interact with RCA120, as compared to other nanoparticles. These specific interactions of galactose‐lectin conjugates were further studied on the hepatocytes cell surface in vitro. The aggregation of galactose‐lectins conjugates on the plasma membrane was possibly due to the specific interactions of carbohydrates with cell‐surface glycoproteins, hence preventing the uptake of these nanoparticles. The study has provided an interesting approach to mark the cell‐surface glycoproteins with fluorescent probes using a combination of lectin‐carbohydrate conjugates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Elastic electron scattering from water vapor and ice at high momentum transfer
Authors: Vos M. , Weigold E. , Moreh R.
Published: January 2013

We compare the area, peak separation, and width of the H and O elastic peak for light and heavy water, as observed in spectra of keV electrons scattered over large angles. Peak separation is well reproduced by the theory, but the O:H area ratio is somewhat larger than expected and is equal to the O:D area ratio. Thus no anomalous scattering from H was observed. Only minor differences are observed for scattering from a gaseous or a solid target. The extracted mean kinetic energy of H and D agreed within 5% with the calculated ones for ice. For the more difficult vapor measurements agreement was on a 12% level. A preliminary attempt to extract the O kinetic energy in ice agreed within 10% with the calculated values.
Spin injection properties in trilayer graphene lateral spin valves
Authors: Liu Y. P. , Idzuchi H. , Fukuma Y. , Rousseau O. , Otani Y. , Lew W. S.
Published: January 2013

We report on the electrical injection and detection of spin accumulation in trilayer-graphene/MgO/Permalloy lateral spin-valve (LSV) structure. Non-local spin valve signal is clearly observed in the LSV, indicating that spin coherence extends underneath all ferromagnetic contacts. We also show that low-resistivity graphene/MgO/Py junctions enable efficient spin injection and detection in LSV with high applied current density, which leads to large spin accumulation of 120 μV at room temperature. A spin diffusion length of 1.5 μm was obtained for the injector-detector separation dependence of spin valve signal measurements carried out at room temperature, while at T = 10 K, the diffusion length increases to 2.3 μm.
Thermal stress in silica-on-silicon disk resonators
Authors: Chen Tong , Lee Hansuek , Vahala Kerry J.
Published: January 2013

The thermal expansion mismatch of thermal grown silica on a silicon wafer is well known to induce compressive stress upon cooling from the growth temperature to room temperature. In this Letter, we investigate how this stress impacts silica disk structures by comparison of measurements with both a finite element and an analytical model. The disk structures studied are also whispering gallery optical resonators, and proper control of stress is critical to obtain high-Q resonances. Based on our analysis, thicker oxide layers and proper control of undercut enable ultra-high-Q optical performance and mechanical stability.
Tricornered/NDR kinase signaling mediates PINK1-directed mitochondrial quality control and tissue maintenance
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Sawada Tomoyo , Shiba Kahori , Liu Song , Kanao Tomoko , Takahashi Ryosuke , Hattori Nobutaka , Imai Yuzuru , Lu Bingwei
Published: January 2013

Eukaryotes employ elaborate mitochondrial quality control (MQC) to maintain the function of the power-generating organelle. Parkinson's disease-associated PINK1 and Parkin actively participate in MQC. However, the signaling events involved are largely unknown. Here we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin 2 (mTORC2) and Tricornered (Trc) kinases act downstream from PINK1 to regulate MQC. Trc is phosphorylated in mTORC2-dependent and mTORC2-independent manners and is specifically localized to mitochondria in response to PINK1, which regulates mTORC2 through mitochondrial complex-I activity. Genetically, mTORC2 and Trc act upstream of Parkin. Thus, multiplex kinase signaling is acting between PINK1 and Parkin to regulate MQC, a process highly conserved in mammals.
Monolignol Pathway 4-Coumaric Acid:Coenzyme A Ligases in Populus. trichocarpa: Novel Specificity, Metabolic Regulation, and Simulation of Coenzyme A Ligation Fluxes
Authors: Chen Hsi-Chuan , Song Jina , Williams Cranos M. , Shuford Christopher M. , Liu Jie , Wang Jack P. , Li Quanzi , Shi Rui , Gokce Emine , Ducoste Joel , Muddiman David C. , Sederoff Ronald R. , Chiang Vincent L.
Published: January 2013

4-Coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell walls. It ligates coenzyme A (CoA) with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 4-coumaric and caffeic acids, into hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters. The ligation ensures the activated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols. In Populus spp., it has long been thought that one monolignol-specific 4CL is involved. Here, we present evidence of two monolignol 4CLs, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, in Populus trichocarpa. Ptr4CL3 is the ortholog of the monolignol 4CL reported for many other species. Ptr4CL5 is novel. The two Ptr4CLs exhibited distinct Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that hydroxycinnamic acid substrates are also inhibitors of 4CL and suggested that Ptr4CL5 is an allosteric enzyme. Experimentally validated flux simulation, incorporating reaction/inhibition kinetics, suggested two CoA ligation paths in vivo: one through 4-coumaric acid and the other through caffeic acid. We previously showed that a membrane protein complex mediated the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaric acid to caffeic acid. The demonstration here of two ligation paths requiring these acids supports this 3-hydroxylation function. Ptr4CL3 regulates both CoA ligation paths with similar efficiencies, whereas Ptr4CL5 regulates primarily the caffeic acid path. Both paths can be inhibited by caffeic acid. The Ptr4CL5-catalyzed caffeic acid metabolism, therefore, may also act to mitigate the inhibition by caffeic acid to maintain a proper ligation flux. A high level of caffeic acid was detected in stem-differentiating xylem of P. trichocarpa. Our results suggest that Ptr4CL5 and caffeic acid coordinately modulate the CoA ligation flux for monolignol biosynthesis.
A procedure to analyse the strategic outliers and the multiple motivations in a contingent valuation
Authors: Franco Daniel , Luiselli Luca
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodological approach to analyse the strategic outliers and the multiple motivations in a contingent valuation used for a real policy case study.

Design/methodology/approach

The used approach rationalises the cross comparison of the overall different information levels obtained by the survey to outline a qualitative‐quantitative pattern of the relations between the rationale and other motivations of preference behaviours.

Findings

The paper found that no assumption or investigation tool used alone was sufficient to explain the respondents elicited preferences. The results confirm that those who are willing to pay also hold significant motives other than the rationale ones influencing their decisions.

Research limitations/implications

The approach allows to reasonably rule the sharing‐out of true zero values from “protest zeros” avoiding the risk of arbitrarily excluding valid data from the CV analyses.

Practical implications

The approach may overpass the reasons behind the provision point mechanism; hence, the authors suggest to extend this procedure to divergent environmental contexts to verify the generality of the methodology.

Originality/value

The adopted procedure shows that the use of monetary estimates of ecological services to support sustainable decision processes can be acceptable if coupled with the multiple motivations that hold them.
A comparison of the pharmacological profiles of prasugrel and ticagrelor assessed by platelet aggregation, thrombus formation and haemostasis in rats
Authors: Sugidachi A , Ohno K , Ogawa T , Jakubowski JA , Hashimoto M , Tomizawa A
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose

Prasugrel is a third‐generation thienopyridine prodrug and ticagrelor is a non‐competitive P2Y12 receptor antagonist. In their phase 3 studies, both agents reduced rates of ischemic events relative to treatment with clopidogrel.

Experimental Approach

The pharmacodynamic profile of anti‐platelet effects of prasugrel was compared with that of ticagrelor in rats.

Key Results

The active metabolite of prasugrel was less potent than ticagrelor and its active metabolite on platelet aggregation in vitro. In contrast, prasugrel was a more potent antiplatelet agent than ticagrelor on ex vivo platelet aggregation: their ED50 values at peak for ADP 20 μmol·L−1 were 1.9 and 8.0 mg·kg−1, respectively. Prasugrel's inhibition of platelet aggregation was maintained for up to 24 h after administration, but ticagrelor's duration of action was substantially shorter. Prasugrel and ticagrelor significantly inhibited thrombus formation with ED50 values of 1.8 and 7.7 mg·kg−1, respectively. Both agents also prolonged bleeding times (ED200 values of 3.0 and 13 mg·kg−1 respectively) suggesting that at equivalent levels of inhibition of platelet aggregation, the agents would show comparable antithrombotic activity with similar bleeding risk. Platelet transfusion significantly increased blood platelet numbers similarly in prasugrel‐ and ticagrelor‐treated rats. In the prasugrel‐treated group, platelet transfusion caused significant shortening of bleeding time, while in the ticagrelor‐treated group, platelet transfusion showed no influence on bleeding time under the experimental conditions employed.

Conclusions and Implications

Prasugrel and ticagrelor showed several differences in their pharmacological profiles and these disparities may reflect their differing reversibility and/or pharmacokinetic profiles.