bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction Technology for Long Span Steel Bridge Deck
Authors: Yang Zhengpu
Published: May 2021

Steel bridge has the advantages of large span capacity, fast installation speed, easy transportation, easy repair and replacement, and has been widely used in practical engineering. The bridge deck pavement of the steel bridge is a crucial link in the whole building and cannot be ignored. For the long span steel bridge, the bridge deck generally has the phenomenon of fatigue cracking, and the service life is difficult to reach the expected life. Laying a multi-layered protective layer structure on the orthotropic steel bridge deck can not only protect the steel bridge deck, but also increase the service life of the bridge. It also provides support and guarantee for the safety and comfort of the bridge. In addition, it effectively reduces vibration and noise caused by driving. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of steel bridge deck pavement technology commonly used in China are discussed in this paper, the merits of different deck paving techniques are pointed out. Then, the construction technology of the lower cast type + SMA pavement structure is analyzed in combination with a steel bridge deck construction case and the quality standard of steel bridge surface construction mixture and the inspection requirement of SMA construction quality are given in order to provide some reference for similar projects.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2/BiOBr layered hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced visible light degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Li Zuyu , Zang Lihua , Li Da , Guo Shuangzhen
Published: May 2021

In this work, a ternary composite photocatalyst with layer structure was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. The visible-light-driven layered ternary photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The degradation rate of TC reached 88.78% within 60 min under visible light exposure in presence of optimum ratio G-T-B-0.2, which is higher than pure g-C3N4, TiO2 and BiOBr. Scaning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Xray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to character the physicochemical properties of the synthesized samples. Photoelectrochemical measurements and radical trapping experiments revealed that the improvement of photocatalytic performance was mainly attributed to the rapid charge transfer at the interface of gC3N4/TiO2/BiOBr, which was benefit to the separation of photogenerated carriers and visible light absorption. This work provides a facile method for the synthesis of ternary heterojunctions, which has potential applications in environmental remediation.
Current Status of Research on Electrodeposited Ni-W Alloy Coating
Authors: Zhan Lan , Ma Zhen , Li Bing , Wu Mingzhong , Qin Xiangge , Li Ninghui
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the influence of pH value, temperature and current density on the crystalline and amorphous structure of Ni-W alloy coatings during the electroplating process. The relationship between the corrosion resistance of Ni-W alloy coating and its crystal structure is discussed. In addition, the most common types of ternary systems and composite coatings for electrodeposited Ni-W alloy coatings are introduced. The effects of element types and contents on the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal stability of Ni-W alloy coatings are analyzed. Finally, the current problems and development directions of Ni-W alloy coatings are proposed.
Characteristic of a Suspended Media Bed to Reduce or Eliminate Clogging in Subsurface Constructed Wetland
Authors: Cai Meng , Ren Yongxiang , Bai Ge , Yan Qiuhui
Published: May 2021

Clogging is a common and difficult problem in subsurface flow wetlands. In this study, 2-4mm, 4-8mm, 8-10mm lightweight ceramsite were used as suspended media beds and 5-10mm gravel was used as traditional substrate bed as control. The effects of these four substrate beds on the purification of water quality and the change of flow capacity in the clogging process in the non-deformable inorganic particle wastewater, deformable inorganic particle wastewater and organic particle wastewater were studied. After the beds were clogged, using the characteristics of lightweight ceramsite floating up and down with water level, the mitigation effect of clogging with water level fluctuation at different heights (10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm) was explored. The results showed that four kinds of beds had effect on the removal of turbidity and suspended particles. The beds in the treatment of non-deformable inorganic particle wastewater were more likely to cause wetland gap clogging; In the absence of plants, compared with inorganic particles, the clogging degree of substrate in the treatment of organic suspended particulate wastewater was not obvious. After clogging, lightweight ceramsite floats up and down with the water level, three kinds of wetland clogging have been alleviated to some extent.
Construction of the Optimization Model of Cargo Transport Network
Authors: Kong Yanyan , Tian Benfang , Wang Qingyang , Liu Donghui , Gao Yunfei , Li Chuang , Zhang Yiwen
Published: May 2021

The transportation is gradually integrated into the circulation system of bulk goods, and developing and growing. Transportation has the advantages of high efficiency, high quality and green environment, In time, efficiency and cost than the traditional bulk transport has certain advantages. This paper analyzes the cost of logistics transportation network, which mainly includes transportation cost in transit, transit cost, time cost of cargo transportation and special cost. This paper discusses in detail the transportation cost, transit cost, time cost and carbon consumption cost of different transportation modes in the process of “scattered transformation”, and constructs the optimization model of” scattered transformation “transportation network with the least comprehensive transportation cost including the above costs.
Study and application of wellbore trajectory optimization for dense cluster wells
Authors: Wang Guona , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2021

In the middle and late stage of oilfield exploration and development, the difficulties such as land acquisition on the surface, high density of underground well pattern and high development cost are serious. Dense cluster Wells are mainly way to development mode transformation and quality and efficiency improvement. Combined with the practice of dense cluster well in Dagang Oilfield, the paper detailed analyzes the difficulties faced by the design of dense cluster well drilling engineering, which including well pattern arrangement, wellbore trajectory optimization, wells anti-collision, all of those are beneficial to realize benefit drilling development. The applications show that this technology has a significant effect on improving wellsite utilization rate, shortening drilling cycle and reducing drilling cost in Dagang oilfield, and has a very important reference and popularization significance in similar oilfield development.
The Prefabricated Construction Project’s Problems and Countermeasures of Construction Site Management
Authors: Man Sanlong
Published: May 2021

In comparison of the traditional building system, prefabricated building can reflect the development trend of building industrialization. Prefabricated building speeds up the construction by manufactured high-quality and high-precision components in the factory; then assembling the components to the construction site. Which can meet the requirements of green building without the need of cast-inplace and assembly. However, the application of prefabricated building also has limitations: prefabricated building is still lack of perfect relevant standards and component atlas; compared with the traditional pouring building, the mechanical and seismic performance of prefabricated building is poor. In the aspect of factory manufacturing, there are some problems. For example, because the form of prefabricated components is monotonous, it is difficult to meet the diverse appearance requirements of buildings. At present, the improvement of prefabricated building mainly focuses on the production and construction technology of components, but it lacks the improvement of the project management.
Research on the development of BIM technology based on the application in the field of civil engineering
Authors: Jiang Zonglin
Published: May 2021

The compliance of civil engineering structural design is the fundamental condition that determines the subsequent safety and life of civil engineering buildings. At the present stage of civil engineering structural design, most of them are based on two-dimensional planar structural design, which is less expressive and covers a single amount of information, and it is difficult to play its proper value in the actual design and construction process due to certain limitations. In such a background, BIM technology was born and has been promoted and applied to some extent. Compared with the traditional design system, BIM technology can gather data processing, data caching and data sharing and other mechanisms, and is valued by major design companies. This paper introduces BIM and describes the current situation and frontier of structural engineering discipline, and takes the application of BIM technology in civil engineering structural design as the basic research point to explore its application in civil engineering structural design and its possible problems and measures to solve them.
Three-dimensional simulation of ship bow slamming
Authors: Gao Li Sha , Zhou Pan
Published: May 2021

The bow flare slamming load was studied by using the software Ls-dyna. A coupling finite element model including air, water and 3d bow was established. Flare slamming pressure was picked up from the finite element model in order to discuss the relation between flare slamming pressure and the velocity as well as the distribution rule of slamming pressure in different velocity and different water entry angle along the length and height of the ship.
Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in Green Building
Authors: Zhang Jiawen
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so that the HVAC ventilation system of tall buildings can be in a stable and efficient operation state. Improve the operation effect of air conditioning, while reducing energy consumption.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Horizontal Displacement of Pier Top of High-Pile and High-Pier Bridge
Authors: Zhu Mei-Liang , Zhang Li-Qing , Huang Sen-Yan , Song Chun-Xia
Published: May 2021

The excessive longitudinal horizontal displacement of pier top has become one of the common defects of high-pier bridge, which seriously affects the safety of the bridge structure. In order to determine the influencing factors of the horizontal displacement of the pier top of high-pile and high-pier bridges, this paper establishes the finite element model of the whole bridge based on the high-pile and high-pier bridge of the Qianhuang Expressway, and considers the influence of dead load, vehicle load, vehicle braking force, temperature load, bearing friction coefficient, and bearing under eccentric compression on the horizontal displacement of the pier top. By comparing and analyzing the law of various factors influence on the horizontal displacement of the pier top, the main causes of the horizontal displacement of the pier top of high-pile and high-pier bridges are summarized, which can provide reference for the analysis of pier top deviation of similar high-pile and high-pier bridges.
Application of EIQ Method in Distribution Center Planning
Authors: Hou Mingqian , Tian Xin , Dong Nan , Geng Yuxue , Wang Xinwu
Published: May 2021

Through the EIQ analysis of the quantity of goods out of storage, the present situation of logistics distribution center is effectively displayed, a better picking method is obtained, and the optimal placement method is found by using the ABC classification method combined with the data. The efficiency of logistics distribution center is greatly improved.
Design of Cascaded H Bridge STATCOM with Distributed Control
Authors: Li He , Zhang Yanchi , Xie Da , Wang Maoye
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problem of low redundancy in the structure of the cascaded H-bridge STATCOM. This paper studies and designs a cascaded H-bridge STATCOM device based on STM32 distributed control. The article introduces the basic topology of the device and the realization principle of the control system. The turn-on and turn-off time of the MOSFET in each H-bridge is calculated by using the law of minimum harmonics, realize the output of the fitted sine wave. A simulation model of 12H bridge cascade is built in the EMTP power system electromagnetic transient analysis simulation software. The simulation results show the correctness and reliability of the design.
Characteristics and driving factors of thermal stratification evolution in Daheiting Reservoir
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Shiyan , Wang Liang , Liu Xiaobo , Zhou Huaidong , Li Budong , Du Yanliang
Published: May 2021

Thermal stratification which is common in water bodies is subject to such factors as the water depth of the water body (a lake or reservoir, for instance), the fluidity of the water and the local meteorological conditions. The stable thermal stratification in reservoirs will lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the water as well as distribution of aquatic creatures, hence leaving an impact on the water quality. The Daheiting Reservoir was taken as the research object in this study. Based on the continuous monitored water temperature data in the reservoir, the tempo-spatial change features of the water temperature structure in the reservoir were analyzed, and the driving factors of thermal stratification in the reservoir was studied. The research found that air temperature, wind speed, and hydrodynamic factors are the driving factors for the thermal stratification and corresponding water temperature change patterns in Daheiting Reservoir. Among these factors, air temperature is the fundamental precondition, the wind speed is the auxiliary precondition, and the hydrodynamic factors are the disturbance factors for thermal stratification in the Reservoir. All these factors act together to cause the thermal stratification pattern and evolution features in Daheiting Reservoir.
The Impact of Environmental Information Disclosure Quality on Loan Scale for Enterprises in China’s Heavy Polluting Industries
Authors: Shen Jianfei , Chen Yidan
Published: May 2021

In view of the importance of environmental accounting to ecological governance, this article attempts to study the economic consequences of environmental information disclosure quality (EID) from the perspective of bank financing. We assume that good environmental information disclosure quality can help companies obtain bank loan, and then test this conjecture through empirical methods. The data of 330 listed companies in China’s heavy polluting industries were collected, and then analysed by SPSS for regression. The result shows that EID is positively related to the scale of corporate bank loan, which means the improvement of EID can bring convenience when companies need bank loans. The research clarifies the financial consequences of EID and provides some enlightenment for the improvement of corporate environmental disclosure quality.
Environmental protection behavior, innovation performance and enterprise performance --Take non-state-owned chemical industry as an example
Authors: Liu Mingming , Zhang Hongjie
Published: May 2021

As China attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization, the fiscal expenditure on environmental protection is increasing year by year, which needs to attract more social capital to participate in the construction of ecological civilization. As the main body of market economy, it is of great significance for enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. Especially when technological innovation has become the most important driving force for enterprise growth and national competition, the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility fulfillment and technological innovation has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Based on this, this paper uses 2015-2019 non-state-owned chemical industry listed companies as the research object to investigate whether environmental protection behavior affects enterprise performance and whether innovation performance plays a mediating role. It is found that there is a significant positive correlation between environmental protection behavior and enterprise performance, but innovation performance will not have a significant mediating effect on environmental protection behavior and enterprise performance in the short term.
Radon concentration anomaly characteristics in the North–South seismic belt before strong earthquake
Authors: Su Xiaoyun , Yang Xiaopeng , Song Ting , Wang Wencai , Chen Lijun
Published: May 2021

Seismic underground fluids play an important role in earthquake prediction studies and tracking. Nearly 30 years of radon concentration monitoring data at 42 observation sites in the North–South seismic belt (22°-35° N, 100°-110° E) were collected from the National Earthquake Data Center of China Earthquake Networks Center. The possible precursor anomalies of observed radon concentration in the belt before several strong earthquakes were investigated and their spatial distribution, evolution, and variation characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that radon concentration precursor anomalies before several strong earthquakes were high, and the morphological characteristics are relatively complex. The anomaly mainly shows the turning point or accelerating change of trend background change; longer anomaly durations tend to be concentrated around epicenters. The number of observation points with anomalies was positively correlated with the proximity to the epicenter; the measurement points closest to the epicenter exhibited earlier trend anomalies. The research has important practical significance and scientific value for understanding the relationship between radon concentration anomaly and strong earthquake.
Analysis on Measurement, Decoupling Effect and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emissions in Major Grain Producing Areas—Taking Henan Province as An Example
Authors: Shen YiLin , Yu Shu
Published: May 2021

Based on the scientific calculation of agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province, the Tapio decoupling model is used to analyze its relationship with economic development, and its driving factors are analyzed in combination with the LMDI model. The results show that the total amount of agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province from 2010 to 2019 is on the rise, of which chemical fertilizers are the largest source of carbon emissions. The decoupling analysis shows that before 2019, the weak decoupling between agricultural carbon emissions and the total output value of the planting industry was mainly weak, and a strong decoupling state appeared for the first time in 2019. This means that the level of agricultural economic development is the main force driving the growth of carbon emissions.
Effect of controlling filamentous bulking sludge by Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Ai Shengshu , Du Linzhu , Wang Ziheng , Shao Lubo , Kang Hua , Wang Fan , Bian Dejun
Published: May 2021

Three groups of SBR reactors A, B and C with different aeration time were set up to culture the activated sludge which has already bulked. The results showed that the settling performance of activated sludge in reactor A changed a little, but reactors B and C had been significantly improved. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the aeration time had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Thothrix, and the longer the aeration time was, the more obvious the inhibition was. When the aeration time is more than 6h, the SBR mode can effectively inhibit filamentous sludge bulking, and the longer the aeration time, the better the effect.
Research on the Water Environment Pollution Source Investigation and Control Technology During the Highway Construction Period of Qiandao Lake District
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liu Ming , Wang Xiao , Zhao Wei
Published: May 2021

According to the water environment protection requirements for the Expressway Project of Qiandao Lake Area, this research combines on-site investigation with experimental detection and analysis to sort out the pollution generation link during the project construction in a systematic and comprehensive manner, analyze the source of construction sewage and wastewater, proposes special measures for sewage and wastewater treatment in the production at the precast mixing plant, bridge construction and tunnel construction. The research has achieved the goal of satisfactory sewage discharge and zero sewage discharge in the construction area, effectively ensured the safety of the water environment in the lake area during the project construction, and laid a solid foundation for Qianhuang Expressway to become a “Green Highway” demonstration project initiated by the Ministry of Transport. CLC No.: U491 Document Code: B
Aquatic ecosystems of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River. Diversity and ecological groups of molluscs
Authors: Baymuradov Khusniddin , Zhabborova Tozagul , Tuinazarova Iroda , Otakulov Bekzod , Egamkulov Azamat
Published: May 2021

Aquatic ecosystems of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River revealed the distribution of 49 species and 2 subspecies of molluscs. They are distributed over aquatic ecosystems as follows: in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River, 32 species and 2 subspecies are distributed, in the Navbakhorsky fish farm - 22 species and in the Khatyrchinsky fish farm - 15 species, in the Nurbuloksaysky fish farm - 22 species and in the Maidonsoysky - 18 species of mollusks. Their belonging to pelolymnophilic, peloreophilic, rheophilic, crenophilic, phytophilic, madicol, limno-crenophilic and telmatophilic ecological groups was considered.
Infostunde einer Sozialtherapiegruppe in der Tagesklinik
Authors: Schönfelder Christian
Published: May 2021

Zur Arbeit von Pflegenden in einer Tagesklinik gehört auch, pflegetherapeutische Gruppen zu leiten. Unser Autor hat das erforderliche Wissen und Können zur Durchführung einer solchen Gruppe systematisch erfasst und mit anerkannten Konzepten der sozialpsychiatrischen Pflege abgeglichen. Außerdem beschreibt er Schritt für Schritt, wie eine Gruppenstunde zum Thema Schlafstörungen gestaltet wird.
Fühlen sich Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen immer noch stigmatisiert?
Authors: Baden Jessica , Rozehnal Oliver , Schulz Artur
Published: May 2021

Erfahren Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung durch ihr soziales Umfeld, den Arbeitgeber oder Behörden weniger Stigmatisierung als angenommen? Was bedeutet Stigmatisierung, welche Folgen kann sie für die Betroffenen haben und welche Bewältigungsstrategien gibt es? Eine Studie klärt auf.
Licht am Ende des Tunnels?!
Authors: Pietras Lisa
Published: May 2021

Liebeskummer wird häufig nicht ernst genommen und bagatellisiert – dabei stürzt er manche Menschen in eine existenzielle Lebenskrise mit teils drastischen Folgen. Bezugspflegende sollten wissen, wie sie Patienten in diesem schmerzhaften Prozess beistehen können und welche Lösungsmodelle sich anbieten.
Progressive Muskelrelaxation für Patienten im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Dülsner Claudia
Published: May 2021

Die Progressive Muskelrelaxation ist ein körperorientiertes Verfahren und gut geeignet, um schnell und effektiv Stress, Unruhe, Ärger oder Ängste abzubauen. Im Interventionskoffer stellen wir Ihnen dieses Entspannungsverfahren vor und erörtern, welche Vor- und Nachteile es für suchtkranke Patienten im Maßregelvollzug bietet.
Innovations in Gastroparesis Treatment (from Pyloroplasty to Per Oral Pyloromyotomy)
Authors: Lundgren Megan , Rodriguez John
Published: May 2021

Gastroparesis is a debilitating disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which significantly decreases quality of life. Health care costs and utilization have increased for gastroparesis over the last two decades. Historically gastric pacemaker placement and various open and laparoscopic emptying procedures have been practiced for the treatment of gastroparesis. More recently, the per oral pyloromyotomy procedure has been developed after a rich history of innovation in endoscopic surgery, following the report of laparoscopic pyloroplasty as a primary treatment for gastroparesis. Per oral pyloromyotomy is a successful management option for appropriately selected patients who suffer from medically refractory gastroparesis. This article describes the nature of the problem of gastroparesis, the timeline of the development of the per oral pyloromyotomy procedure, a review of the literature, and the indications for and details of the procedure itself.
Profiles of Endoglin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Based on Staging and Histological Grading of Colorectal Cancer and Their Relationship with Bevacizumab Therapy
Authors: Minhajat Rahmawati , Saleh Sahyuddin , Harjianti Tutik , Benyamin Andi Fachruddin , Parewangi A. M. Luthfi , Bakri Syakib
Published: May 2021

Objective The present study evaluated the profile of endoglin (CD105) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on staging and histopathological grading of colorectal cancer as well as their relationship with bevacizumab therapy.

Methods A total of 88 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in the present study. The levels of VEGF and CD105 protein were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results There was a significant difference in the level of CD105 (p = 0.002) between metastases and non-metastases subjects, showing that CD105 was higher in metastases subjects (4.59 ng/ml). There was no significant difference in the level of VEGF based on the presence of metastasis (p = 0.625). There was a significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.038) and VEGF (p = 0.010) between the subjects who received chemotherapy and those who did not. The CD105 level was higher in the subjects who received chemotherapy (4.43 ng/ml); conversely, the level of VEGF was lower in subjects who received chemotherapy (543.65 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.003) and VEGF (p = 0.002) between subjects who received bevacizumab therapy and subjects who did not. The levels of CD105 were higher in subjects who received bevacizumab therapy (5.11 ng/ml); in contrast, the level of VEGF was higher in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab therapy (645.92 pg/ml). There was a significant positive correlation between CD105 and VEGF in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The results of this study support a hypothesis of “escape mechanism” in the failure of anti-angiogenesis therapy (anti-VEGF).
Effects of DSPP Gene Mutations on Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Jing Zhaojun , Chen Zhibin , Jiang Yong
Published: May 2021

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene mutations cause autosomal dominantly inherited diseases. DSPP gene mutations lead to abnormal expression of DSPP, resulting in a series of histological, morphological, and clinical abnormalities. A large number of previous studies demonstrated that DSPP is a dentinal-specific protein, and DSPP gene mutations lead to dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recent studies have found that DSPP is also expressed in bone, periodontal tissues, and salivary glands. DSPP is involved in the formation of the periodontium as well as tooth structures. DSPP deficient mice present furcation involvement, cementum, and alveolar bone defect. We speculate that similar periodontal damage may occur in patients with DSPP mutations. This article reviewed the effects of DSPP gene mutations on periodontal status. However, almost all of the research is about animal study, there is no evidence that DSPP mutations cause periodontium defects in patients yet. We need to conduct systematic clinical studies on DSPP mutation families in the future to elucidate the effect of DSPP gene on human periodontium.
Optical computation of a spin glass dynamics with tunable complexity
Authors: Leonetti M. , Hörmann E. , Leuzzi L. , Parisi G. , Ruocco G.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Optics is a unique platform to speed up computation, providing advantages especially for inherently parallel operations. Here we demonstrate an optical experiment enabling the simulation of a paradigmatic prototype model for statistical mechanics: the spin glass (SG). SGs are systems presenting all the aspects of complexity, such as many equilibrium states producing multiple relaxation times and nontrivial phenomenology. With the optical approach, the spin state is mapped on the mirrors of a fast adaptive optics device illuminated by a laser, and the energy calculation is performed by collecting the intensity after all the controlled light rays interfered in strongly scattering medium. The optical simulation enables beating the digital calculation in terms of speed for large-sized SG.
Quantifying clause chains in Nungon texts
Authors: Sarvasy Hannah S.
Published: May 2021

Clause chains are sequences of clauses with under-specified verbal predicates, plus a single clause with a fully-specified verbal predicate. Clause chains represent the morpho-syntactic demarcation of a speech unit greater than a single clause, but the precise length of this unit is rarely assessed. Clause chain length, distribution, bridging linkage, and non-canonical forms are evaluated in a sample of 64 texts, containing over 1742 clause chains, in the Papuan language Nungon. In the 49 narrative texts, unlike in other genres, total clause chains per text increases as text duration increases. The average clause chain in the sample is 3–4 clauses long; the longest has 22 clauses. Average clause chain length decreases as text length increases. The longest narrative texts have similar average clause chain length, proportion of bridging clauses, and proportion of non-canonical clause chains, and feature a leisurely rhythm: half of their clause chains are minimal, two-clause chains.
Effect of stress and Si on liquid metal embrittlement of 316L(N)-copper
Authors: Sun Zhenchao , Li Pengyuan , Zhang Teng , Wang Jianbao , Xu Dan , Chen Hui , Liu Danhua , Pei Yinyin
Published: May 2021

Vacuum brazing of austenitic stainless steel (SS) under stress with copper-based filler was carried out to assess the susceptibility of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) on stress. Dipping of the SS pipe into molten copper and CuSi3 was performed for comparison. The mechanisms of stress on Cu-SS LME and the effect of Si during cracking were discussed. Test results indicated that microcracks caused by stress concentration increase the possibility of LME. Furthermore, LME was suppressed by the Fe3Si layer between copper and SS. However, the melting range of the filler extended by the addition of Si increases the probability of LME for longer contacting. Accordingly, the addition of Si into copper-based filler should be avoided for most joining methods of SS with high stress concentration.
Opposing functions for retromer and Rab11 in extracellular vesicle traffic at presynaptic terminals
Authors: Walsh Rylie B. , Dresselhaus Erica C. , Becalska Agata N. , Zunitch Matthew J. , Blanchette Cassandra R. , Scalera Amy L. , Lemos Tania , Lee So Min , Apiki Julia , Wang ShiYu , Isaac Berith , Yeh Anna , Koles Kate , Rodal Avital A.
Published: May 2021

Neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication and pathogenic protein propagation in neurological disease. However, it remains unclear how cargoes are selectively packaged into neuronal EVs. Here, we show that loss of the endosomal retromer complex leads to accumulation of EV cargoes including amyloid precursor protein (APP), synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4), and neuroglian (Nrg) at Drosophila motor neuron presynaptic terminals, resulting in increased release of these cargoes in EVs. By systematically exploring known retromer-dependent trafficking mechanisms, we show that EV regulation is separable from several previously identified roles of neuronal retromer. Conversely, mutations in rab11 and rab4, regulators of endosome-plasma membrane recycling, cause reduced EV cargo levels, and rab11 suppresses cargo accumulation in retromer mutants. Thus, EV traffic reflects a balance between Rab4/Rab11 recycling and retromer-dependent removal from EV precursor compartments. Our data shed light on previous studies implicating Rab11 and retromer in competing pathways in Alzheimer’s disease, and suggest that misregulated EV traffic may be an underlying defect.
The Evolutionary Origins of Cooperation in the Hominin Lineage: A Critique of Boyd and Richerson’s Cultural Group Selection Account
Authors: Neal Jacob P.
Published: May 2021

The origin of human cooperation poses an evolutionary puzzle. In order for cooperation to evolve, our Pleistocene ancestors must have overcome the free rider problem, in which noncooperators reap the benefits of cooperation without paying the costs. Cultural group selection accounts offer a potential solution to this problem. In this article, I evaluate Boyd and Richerson’s influential account. I argue that it cannot explain the evolutionary origins of human cooperation because it presupposes cooperative behaviors among our Pleistocene ancestors. Although Boyd and Richerson’s account may explain the expansion of cooperation in hominin evolution, it cannot explain how cooperative behaviors first emerged.
Wishful Intelligibility, Black Boxes, and Epidemiological Explanation
Authors: DiMarco Marina
Published: May 2021

Epidemiological explanation often has a “black box” character, meaning the intermediate steps between cause and effect are unknown. Filling in black boxes is thought to improve causal inferences by making them intelligible. I argue that adding information about intermediate causes to a black box explanation is an unreliable guide to pragmatic intelligibility because it may mislead us about the stability of a cause. I diagnose a problem that I call wishful intelligibility, which occurs when scientists misjudge the limitations of certain features of an explanation. Wishful intelligibility gives us a new reason to prefer black box explanations in some contexts.
How Anti-Humeans Can Embrace a Thermodynamic Reduction of Time’s Causal Arrow
Authors: Lichtenstein Eli I.
Published: May 2021

Some argue that time’s causal arrow is grounded in an underlying thermodynamic asymmetry. Often, this is tied to Humean skepticism that causes produce their effects, in any robust sense of ‘produce’. Conversely, those who advocate stronger notions of natural necessity often reject thermodynamic reductions of time’s causal arrow. Against these traditional pairings, I argue that ‘reduction-plus-production’ is coherent. Reductionists looking to invoke robust production can insist that there are metaphysical constraints on the signs of objects’ velocities in any state, given other—including far later—states’ properties. The Past Hypothesis may thus be a metaphysical condition, not a physical law.
Simultaneous elliptically and radially polarized THz from one-color laser-induced plasma filament
Authors: Mou Sen , D’Arco Annalisa , Tomarchio Luca , Di Fabrizio Marta , Curcio Alessandro , Lupi Stefano , Petrarca Massimo
Published: May 2021

THz-based technologies and research applications have seen a rapid increment in recent period together with the development of novel radiation sources based both on relativistic electrons and laser techniques. In this framework, laser-induced plasma filament plays an important role in generating intense and broadband THz radiation. Although many attentions have been paid to THz emission from two-color plasma filaments, one-color plasma emission has been scarcely investigated. In particular, the polarization state of one-color THz emission is still controversial due to the limitations of the existing THz detection techniques, which are incapable of simultaneously detecting elliptically and radially polarized THz radiation. In this manuscript, we develop a novel detection method and unambiguously demonstrate for the first time that one-color laser-induced plasma filament simultaneously emits elliptically and radially polarized THz radiation. These polarization states suggest that the generation mechanism results from electric quadrupole, showing a new route for producing more complex polarization states and THz vortex beams.
Modulated molecular markers of restenosis and thrombosis by in-vitro vascular cells exposed to bioresorbable scaffolds
Authors: Vozzi F , Cecchettini A , Cabiati M , Mg Fornaro , Aretini P , Del Ry S , Rocchiccioli S , Pelosi G
Published: May 2021

Drug-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) have emerged as a potential breakthrough for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis, providing mechanical support and drug delivery followed by complete resorption. Restenosis and thrombosis remain the primary limitations in clinical use. The study aimed to identify potential markers of restenosis and thrombosis analyzing the vascular wall cell transcriptomic profile modulation triggered by BVS at different values of shear stress (SS). Human coronary artery endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were cultured under SS (1 and 20 dyne cm−2) for 6 h without and with application of BVS and everolimus 600 nM. Cell RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis identified modulated genes by direct comparison of SS conditions and Gene Ontology (GO). The results of different experimental conditions and GO analysis highlighted the modulation of specific genes as semaphorin 3E, mesenchyme homeobox 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, (heme oxygenase 1) and selectin E, with different roles in pathological evolution of disease. Transcriptomic analysis of dynamic vascular cell cultures identifies candidate genes related to pro-restenotic and pro-thrombotic mechanisms in an in-vitro setting of BVS, which are not adequately contrasted by everolimus addition.
Carbon dot-based materials for wound healing applications
Authors: Ehtesabi Hamide , Nasri Reyhaneh
Published: May 2021

Skin repair is a complicated procedure in the human body. A proper clinical outcome cannot usually be provided by the present treatments to heal wounds. Reduction of infection, moisturisation of the wound, stimulation of the healing mechanisms, acceleration of the wound closure, and reduction of scar formation require more curative procedure. Nanomaterials are used in managing wound healing by representing an exclusive instrument with a specific design for close reflection of the physiologic procedures in injured tissues. Carbon dots (CDs) are tiny fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with a size range below 10 nm in diameter. Throughout the last few years, these nanomaterials have gained a rising ground because of their less toxicity, adjustable fluorescence, and physicochemical specifications. The wound healing field has witnessed a novel perspective owing to CDs-based therapies. This review summarises the state-of-the-art CDs-based wound healing applications and highlights their advantages over conventional wound healing methods. Following an introduction, the first section covers synthesise methods of CDs for wound healing application. Then, methods of wound treatment by using CDs were classified. After that, models to study the effect of CDs on wound healing have been studied. A final section covers the role of using CDs in wound healing. The conclusion summarises the current status and gives an outlook on potential future trends.
Electronic localization in small-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Hung Nguyen V , Paszko D , Lamparski M , Van Troeye B , Meunier V , Charlier J-C
Published: May 2021

Close to a magical angle, twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) systems exhibit isolated flat electronic bands and, accordingly, strong electron localization. TBLGs have hence been ideal platforms to explore superconductivity, correlated insulating states, magnetism, and quantized anomalous Hall states in reduced dimension. Below a threshold twist angle (∼1.1∘), the TBLG superlattice undergoes lattice reconstruction, leading to a periodic moiré structure which presents a marked atomic corrugation. Using a tight-binding framework, this research demonstrates that superlattice reconstruction affects significantly the electronic structure of small-angle TBLGs. The first magic angle at ∼1.1∘ is found to be a critical case presenting globally maximized electron localization, thus separating reconstructed TBLGs into two classes with clearly distinct electronic properties. While low-energy Dirac fermions are still preserved at large twist angles

>

1.1
∘

, small-angle (

≲

1.1

°

) TBLG systems present common features such as large spatial variation and strong electron localization observed in unfavorable AA stacking regions. However, for small twist angles below 1.1∘, the relative contribution of the local AA regions is progressively reduced, thus precluding the emergence of further magic angles, in very good agreement with existing experimental evidence.
Full density graphite/copper-alloy matrix composite fabricated via hot powder forging for pantograph slide
Authors: Wang Man , Li Meng , Jiang Ke , Xu Enze , Liu Junwu , Zhong Honghai , Jiang Yang
Published: May 2021

High-performance copper-based pantograph slide materials play a crucial role in the rapid development of modern urban rail transit urgently. Herein, a full density graphite/copper-alloy matrix composite for pantograph slide has been successfully obtained by the hot powder forging process. The composite exhibits the full density when forging energy density is 307.6 J cm−3. In addition, the influence of different aging treatments on microstructure and mechanical performances of the composite has been studied in detail. The hardness and resistivity of the forged materials are greatly improved after an optimum aging treatment. Simultaneously, the friction and wear performances with or without currency current have been investigated, which demonstrates the friction coefficient can reach the minimum of 0.109 under 35 N. In current-carrying friction, the wear rate of the composite is an extremely small value of 5.5 × 10–5 mg m−1 after the aging treatment, indicating the outstanding anti-friction and self-lubricating performance. All the comprehensive analyses illustrate the full density graphite/copper-alloy matrix composite with excellent mechanical shows an enormous potential for pantograph slide.
Tetanus presenting as painful muscle spasms, dysphagia and delirium in an older adult
Authors: Merrick Minnie , Scarrott Ipshita
Published: May 2021

While tetanus is now a rare disease in the UK, it remains an important differential diagnosis for trismus and muscle spasms. Even more so in older adults, as this population is less likely to have received full vaccination. Hence, the highest incidence of tetanus in England is seen in older adults. Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details was obtained from the patient proxy.
A - 03 Concussion Symptom Reporting in Sport-Related Concussions During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: SC Bunt , C Presley , T Tarkenton , K Wilmoth , N Didehbani , M Stokes , SM Miller , K Bell , H Batjer , CM Cullum
Published: May 2021

Objective

Evaluation of concussion symptoms is a key element in management of sport-related concussions (SRC). The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased reports of anxiety and depression in the general population, though it is unknown if this increase has also affected reporting of concussion symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in reporting of concussion symptoms in adolescents who sustained an SRC before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Subjects (n = 707) aged 12–18 with SRC were evaluated within 14 days of injury (M = 5.64 days, SD = 3.68) at a North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) clinic and completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT-5) Symptom Evaluation. Subjects were grouped by those evaluated before (n = 625) or after (n = 82) March 23, 2020 and were similar in age, sex, and history of treatment for anxiety or depression. T-tests were used to compare the number of endorsed concussion symptoms and symptom severity between groups.

Results

There was no significant difference in number of concussion symptoms endorsed (M = 10.81, SD = 6.53 vs M = 11.35, SD = 6.25, p = 0.463) or symptom severity (M = 28.33, SD = 24.14, M = 26.79, SD = 20.91, p = 0.540) between before vs during COVID-19 SRC groups.

Conclusions

In this cohort of young athletes, results suggest that despite effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on community mental health, we did not see evidence of a systematic influence on SRC symptom reporting during the pandemic.
A - 16 Sideline Athlete Study: An Examination of the Predictability of Concussion from a Computerized Neuropsychological Battery
Authors: B Makwana , C Faure , X Xu
Published: May 2021

Objective

The purpose of the study was to investigate the predictability of concussion diagnosis from four neurocognitive modules collected on the sidelines in high school athletes. We hypothesized that each neuropsychological module would be a positive significant predictor of the diagnostic outcome.

Methods

The study sample included 64 14- to 19-year-old athletes from four high schools in the southeastern Idaho region. Thirty athletes were diagnosed with a concussion and 34 athletes were not diagnosed with a concussion. The athletes were 75% male (N = 48) and 25% female athletes (N = 16). The athletes completed C3Logix (Comprehensive Concussion Management System), a computerized neuropsychological battery, as part of their baseline examination. If the athlete was suspected of sustaining a head injury, a modified C3Logix battery was administered same day which included the Graded Symptom Checklist (GSC), Trailing Making Test B (TMT B), Simple Reaction Time (SRT), and Choice Reaction Time (CRT) modules.

Results

Results showed that the GSC (M = 19.25, SD = 16.6, p < 0.001), SRT (M = 314.14, SD = 45.02, p < 0.05), and CRT (M = 417.45, SD = 72.46, p < 0.001) postinjury scores and the GSC (13.88 SD = 15.80, p < 0.001), SRT (M = 23.06, SD = 41.35, p < 0.01), and CRT (M = 1.98, SD = 63.37, p < 0.05) change scores were each respectively positive significant predictors of concussion diagnosis. TMT B postinjury (M = 49.44, SD = 13.94, p = 0.08) and change score (M = 0.48, SD = 13.46, p = 0.12) were not significant predictors of concussion diagnosis.

Conclusions

The clinically significant findings demonstrate that these short computerized neuropsychological tests are able to detect subtle changes following a concussion. Further research is needed to continue to demonstrate the role of computerized neuropsychological tests on the sideline.