bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Calcium Supplement as Orally Contrast Media for Gastric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mankhi Zainab Abdulla , Riah Khalid Ibrahim , Abdul-Lettif Ahmed Mehmood
Published: March 2024

العمل الحالي يهدف لإيجاد عامل تباين فموي يمكن استخدامه في تصوير الجهاز الهضمي بالرنين المغناطيسي (MRI) وكذلك خاضع للمعايير التالية: يجب أن يكون آمنًا، ليس له آثار جانبية أو أقل ما يمكن من الاثار الجانبية، إنه غير مكلف وينتج عنه أعلى جودة تصوير.
الطريقة: تم أعداد العينات (المحاليل) كعوامل تباين فموية عن طريق إذابة مكملات الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم بشكل منفصل (مقدار الجرعة اليومية المسموحة) بكميات مختلفة من الماء المقطر. ولأجل تحديد العينة ذات أقل تركيز وأفضل تباين في صورة لذلك تم فحص العينات في جهاز التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي بواسطة الأنابيب اختبار. بعد ذلك، تم اختبار أفضل عينة بواسطة عشرة متطوعين أصحاء. والصور الناتجة يتم تقيمها بواسطة قياس شدة الإشارة لحساب نسبة الإشارة الى الضوضاء (SNR)، ونسبة الإشارة إلى الضوضاء النسبية (RSN) والتباين (C) في المعدة قبل وبعد تناول محلول مكمل الكالسيوم. والقيم الحسابية الناتجة تعالج احصائيا (p-value 0,05).
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن مكمل المغنيسيوم ليس له أي تأثير جوهري على شدة إشارة الماء في -weighted T1 و T2-weighted، بينما مكمل الكالسيوم يعزز شدة إشارة الماء في T2-weighted.
الاستنتاج: يمكن استخدام مكمل الكالسيوم كعامل تباين إيجابي على الصور -weighted  T2 للتصوير الجهاز الهضمي بالرنين المغناطيسي (MRI).
JASBO: Jaya Average Subtraction Based Optimization with Deep Learning Model for Multi-Classification of Infectious Disease from Unstructured Data
Authors: Sabeeh Vian , A. Alwahhab Ahmed Bahaaulddin , Al-kharaz Ali Abdulmunim Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

الأمراض الوبائية اصبحت مشكلة لا يمكن تجنبها في بيئتنا الحالية مع تميزها بنفس الاعراض الامر الذي يجعل من تشخيصها و الكشف المبكر عنها امراً صعباً. لذلك، اصبح من الضروري ايجاد تقنية تعتمد على اعراض المرضى المختلفة لتصنيف امراضهم. تعد الوثائق الطبية من المصادر المهمة التي مازالت تحتاج لطرق مبتكرة وموثوقة لتحليلها من اجل الوصول لتشخيص الكثير من الامراض، وعليه من المهم اضافه جهد في هذا المجال لأثراء معالجه النصوص الطبية للاستفادة منها في مجال المعلوماتية الصحية .ولهذا، تم افتراض خوارزمية JASBO اي خوارزمية تحسين معدل الفرق باستخدام JAYA التي تعتمد على التعلم العميق والتي تعمل على تصنيف الامراض المعدية الى فئاتها اعتمادا على البيانات النصية غير المبوبة في هذا البحث. ان شبكة تشخيص الامراض ID-NET التي افترضت تتكون من شبكة عصبية التفافية CNN  من اجل تشخيص الكلمات الغريبة او الكلمات المفيدة في التشخيص مع شبكة الذاكرة الثنائية الاتجاه طويلة المدى BI-LSTM . حيث تم استخدام خوارزمية JASBO من اجل تحديد حجم الفلتر في شبكة التصنيف النهائية من اجل تحديد اهم اجزاء النص المعبرة عن المرض. يبدأ عمل الشبكة بدخول النص المطلوب تصنيفه الى مرحلة التقطيع الى كلمات، ليتم توجيه الكلمات لاحقاً شبكة تعلم عميق التفافية. اضافه لذلك يتم استخراج خصائص نمطيه او تراتبية احرف الكلمات باستخدام شبكة الذاكرة الثنائية لتتحول الى مصفوفه خصائص توجه الى طبقة تحسس لا يجاد تشابه تراتبية الحروف بين الكلمات بواسطة معادلة كومار-هانزبروك للتشابه . اعتماداً على ناتج شبكة JASBO يتم التنبؤ بفئة كل كلمة فيما اذا كانت تشير لأعراض مرض ما. الشبكة المفترضة لتشخيص الامراض أظهرت كفاءة بدقة 91 % ونسبة ارجاع 88% مع نسبة F-SCORE  وصلت الى 90%.
Biogenic Functionalized ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite Sensor for Potentiometric Determination of Pseudoephedrine-HCl in Pure and Commercial Products
Authors: Abdoon Fadam M. , Salman Sarhan A. , Hasan Hasan M. , Ameen Suham T. , El-Tohamy Maha F.
Published: March 2024

لقد ولدت الإمكانيات الوظيفية الفائقة لأكاسيد الزنك (ZnO) والنحاس (CuO) النانوية اهتمامًا كبيرًا باستخدام أكاسيد المعادن مثل المركبات النانوية المميزة والنشطة كهربائيًا في الدراسات المتعلقة بالقياسات الجهدية والمتحسسات. تم تحضير هذه الأكاسيد النانوية من مستخلص بذور شجرة الليوسينا (Leucaena leucocephala) كطريقة صديقة للبيئة. إذ تم اقتراح تطوير متحسس غشائي من أسلاك النحاس المطلية بمركب نانوي ZnO/CuO كطريقة جديدة للتقدير الجهدي لهيدروكلوريد السيدوإيفيدرين (PSD) في أشكاله النقية وجرعاتها الصيدلانية. بوجود كلوريد البولي فينيل (PVC) كبوليمر ذو وزن جزيئي عالي و"أورثو- نيتروفينيل أوكتيل إيثر (o-NPOE) كوسيط مذيب، تم دمج PSD مع حمض الفوسفوتونجستيك (PTA) لإنتاج هيدروكلوريد السيدوإيفيدرين- فوسفوتونجستات ( PSD-PT) كأساس للتحسس. أظهر المتحسس المحور حساسية وانتقائية عالية جدًا لتقدير وقياس PSD بعلاقة خطية تبلغ 1.0×10-8 -1.0 ×10-2 مول لتر-1. وأظهرت معادلة الخط المستقيم (معادلة الإنحدار) EmV = (-58.143) log [PSD] + 526.71. وباستخدام المتحسس المقترح، يمكن تقديرهيدروكلوريد السيدوإيفيدرين بشكل فعال في أشكاله النقية والمنتجات والتجارية.
A Hybrid Method of 1D-CNN and Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Nafea Ahmed Adil , AL-Mahdawi Manar , Alheeti Khattab M Ali , Alsumaidaie Mustafa S. Ibrahim , AL-Ani Mohammed M
Published: March 2024

يعد سرطان الثدي من المخاوف الصحية ذات الأهمية، ومن الضروري اكتشافه مبكرًا للحصول على علاج فعال. في الآونة الأخيرة، كان هناك اهتمام متزايد باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) للكشف عن سرطان الثدي، مما أظهر نتائج في تعزيز الدقة وتقليل النتائج الإيجابية الخاطئة. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض القيود فيما يتعلق بدقة الكشف. تقدم هذه الدراسة منهجًا هجيناً يستخدم 1D CNN  لاستخراج الميزات ويستخدم خوارزميات التعلم الآلي مثل XGBoost والغابات العشوائية (RF) وأشجار القرار (DT) وآلات ناقلات الدعم (SVM) و أقرب جار (KNN) لتصنيف العينات إما حميدة أو خبيثة تهدف إلى تعزيز الدقة في الكشف. تكشف النتائج التي توصلنا إليها أن خوارزمية XGBoost مع استخراج الميزات (D CNN1) حققت دقة قدرها 98.24% في مجموعة الاختبار. تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على جدوى استخدام خوارزميات التعلم الآلي والتعلم العميق في هذه الدراسة تم استخدام مجموعة بيانات سرطان الثدي في ولاية ويسكونسن (WBC)، للكشف عن سرطان الثدي. يبشر نهجنا بالوعد في تسهيل الكشف وتحسين النتائج من خلال توفير أدوات دقيقة وموثوقة لتشخيص سرطان الثدي.
Third-Order Differential Subordination for Generalized Struve Function Associated with Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Hammad Suha J. , Juma Abdul Rahman S. , Ebrahim Hassan H.
Published: March 2024

سابقاً تناولت العديد من الاعمال دراسة التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الاولى وبعد فترة وجيزة تناولت دراسات اخرى التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الثانية في قرص الوحدة . مؤخراً تم تقديم التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الثالثة من قبل بوانسامي واخرون في عام 1992  و انتونيو ميلر عام 2011 . تبحث هذة الورقة في صنف اوسع بكثير من متراجحات التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الثالثة . عرف المؤلفون المعايير الخلصة بصنف من الاوبريترات المسموح بها وهذا يعني ضمان وجود التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الثالثة.  الدوال الميرومورفية في D هي دوال تحليلية في المجال D  بأستثناء الرواسب  اذا كانت   فأن الدالة ميرومورفية  وهي دوال يمكن تمثيلها كحاصل قسمة دالتين. دالة ستورف لها تطبيقات في قضايا الموجات السطحية و موجات الماء والديناميكا الهوائية غير المستقرة و الاتجاه البصري ونظرية عدم الاستقرار المقاوم ظهرت دالة ستروف مؤخرا في عدد من انظمة الجسيمات . فكرة التبعية التفاضلية في لغة   هي تعميم للمتباينات في لغة R, وقد بدأت في عام 1981 من خلال اعمال ميلر و موكانو و ريد. في هذا المقال يتم معاينة الفئات المناسبة من الدوال المقبولة ويتم انشاء خصائص التبعية التفاضلية من الدرجة الثالثة باستخدام المؤثر  للدوال متعددة التكافؤ التحليلية باستثناء عدد منته من النقاط( الاقطاب) المرتبطة بوظيفة ستروف المعممة . في هذة الدراسة هناك حاجة لعرض العديد من المفاهيم منها التبعية , الفوقية , المسيطر, افضل السائد, الالتواء (او منتج هادامارد) ,الدالة متعددة التكافؤ التحليلية باستثناء عدد منته من النقاط ( الاقطاب) , دالة ستروف بالاضافة الى مفهوم المضروب المزاح( او رمز بوشهامر) و الدوال المسموح بها.
First Record of a Siberian Rubythroat (Calliope calliope) in the Conterminous United States
Authors: Sowa Sierra L. , Luong Yvonne , Quezada Giovanni S. , Scott Brigitte K. , Castillo Vardaro Jessica A.
Published: March 2024

The first Siberian Rubythroat (Calliope calliope) recorded in the conterminous United States occurred in Santa Clara County, California, on 19 November 2022. The detection was made by a motion-activated trail camera, and the bird was not recorded thereafter.
Deep learning supported discovery of biomarkers for clinical prognosis of liver cancer
Authors: Kong Lingjie , Liang Junhao , Yang Jianghui , Wu Meilong , Zhang Weisheng , Dai Qionghai , Yin Hongfang , Xiao Ying
Published: March 2024

Tissue biomarkers are crucial for cancer diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment planning. However, there are few known biomarkers that are robust enough to show true analytical and clinical value. Deep learning (DL)-based computational pathology can be used as a strategy to predict survival, but the limited interpretability and generalizability prevent acceptance in clinical practice. Here we present an interpretable human-centric DL-guided framework called PathFinder (Pathological-biomarker-finder) that can help pathologists to discover new tissue biomarkers from well-performing DL models. By combining sparse multi-class tissue spatial distribution information of whole slide images (WSIs) with attribution methods, PathFinder can achieve localization, characterization, and verification of potential biomarkers, while guaranteeing state-of-the-art prognostic performance. Using PathFinder, we discovered that spatial distribution of necrosis in liver cancer, a long-neglected factor, has a strong relationship with patient prognosis. We therefore proposed two clinically independent indicators, including necrosis area fraction and tumor necrosis distribution, for practical prognosis, and verified their potentials in clinical prognosis according to Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK)-derived criteria. Our work demonstrates a successful example of introducing DL into clinical practice in a knowledge discovery way, and the approach may be adopted in identifying biomarkers in various cancer types and modalities.
Real-time Auditory Feedback for Improving Gait and Walking in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot and Feasibility Trial
Authors: Mayo Nancy E. , Mate Kedar K.V. , Fellows Lesley K , Morais Jose , Sharp Madeleine , Lafontaine Anne-Lousie , Hill Edward , Abou-Sharkh Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background: Technology is poised to bridge the gap between demand for therapies to improve gait in people with Parkinson’s and available resources. A wearable sensor, Heel2ToeTM, a small device that attaches to the side of the shoe and gives a sound each time the person starts their step with a strong heel strike has been developed and pre-tested by a team at McGill University. The objective of this study was to estimate feasibility and efficacy potential of the Heel2ToeTM sensor in changing walking capacity and gait pattern in people with Parkinson’s.
Methods: A pilot study was carried out involving 27 people with Parkinson’s randomized 2:1 to train with the Heel2Toe[TM] sensor and or to train with recommendations from a gait-related workbook.
Results: A total of 21 completed the 3-month evaluation, 14 trained with the Heel2Toe[TM] sensor and 7 trained with the workbook. Thirteen of 14 people in the Heel2Toe group improved over measurement error on the primary outcome, the Six Minute Walk Test, (mean change 66.4 m.) and 0 of the 7 in the Workbook group (mean change -19.4 m.): 4 of 14 in the Heel2Toe group made reliable change and 0 of 7 in the Workbook group. Improvements in walking distance were accompanied by improvements in gait quality. 40% of participants in the intervention group were strongly satisfied with their technology experience and an additional 37% were satisfied.
Conclusions: Despite some technological difficulties, feasibility and efficacy potential of the Heel2Toe sensor in improving gait in people with Parkinson’s was supported.
Development of PESCAD: An Inductive Method of Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Bernarte Karl Leugim
Published: March 2024

This study focused on the creation of a teaching approach called PESCAD, which follows an inductive method. It involved developing a sample lesson and examining how experts and professionals would assess it. The project aimed to delve on the analysis, design, development, and evaluation of the lesson exemplar incorporating PESCAD; the effectiveness of PESCAD in fostering 21st-century skills; the efficacy of PESCAD in promoting higher-order thinking skills; how Mathematics educators would assess PESCAD based on reliability, effectiveness, feasibility, inclusivity, and flexibility; and the feedback and recommendations from the evaluators to enhance PESCAD further. The research employed a descriptive-developmental approach, where the researcher constructed a sample mathematics lesson as a representation of the inductive teaching method. Six mathematics teachers from Nueva Ecija High School evaluated the lesson. The findings indicate that PESCAD has the potential to enhance 21st-century skills and higher-order thinking skills among students. The evaluators also expressed confidence in its reliability, effectiveness, feasibility, inclusivity, and flexibility. They also acknowledged PESCAD's ability to improve students' retention of knowledge. Additionally, they suggested incorporating real-life applications and gradually increasing the complexity of examples to encourage critical thinking among students.
The association study of body composition and hormone levels with glucose, lipid and bone density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Zhang Jun , Guo Yichuan , Xu Liangzhi
Published: March 2024

With the aging population, understanding the factors influencing metabolism-related diseases in women during perimenopause and postmenopause is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition, hormone levels, age, and metabolism-related diseases in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. A total of 773 women aged 40 to 54 years were included in the study. Data on serum hormone levels, blood lipids, blood glucose, anthropometric indexes, and bone density were collected and analyzed using ANOVA. Differences between perimenopausal women (Peri-M) and postmenopausal women (Post-M) or different age groups were compared, and the relationships among these factors were examined. The prevalence of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases was higher in Post-M compared to Peri-M (15.05% vs 8.29% and 41.75% vs 23.28%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Post-M women showed significantly elevated levels of Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), along with decreased bone density compared to Peri-M (5.12 ± 0.73 vs 4.79 ± 0.82; 2.91 ± 0.67 vs 2.67 ± 0.74; 1.03 ± 0.15 vs 1.12 ± 0.14; 0.86 ± 0.11 vs 0.90 ± 0.13). In the Peri-M group, estradiol (E2) negatively correlated with TC (r1=-0.084), while age positively correlated with TC (r2 = 0.091); neither were associated with LDL, T-value of 2–4 lumbar spine (T1), or T-value of femoral neck (T2). Conversely, in the Post-M group, E2 negatively correlated with TC and LDL (r1’=-0.256, r3=-0.178), and positively correlated with T1 and T2 (r4 = 0.265, r5 = 0.275); age positively correlated with TC and LDL (r2’=0.231, r3’=0.152), negatively correlated with T1 (r4’=-0.218), and was not correlated with T2. E2 and age were independent predictors of metabolic indexes. Notably, the correlation coefficients of E2 and age with TC during the postmenopausal period were significantly higher than in the menopause transition period (P < 0.05). The increased prevalence of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases is closely associated with estrogen deficiency and chronological aging. The interaction between E2 and age in lipid and bone metabolism may contribute to the development of postmenopausal metabolism-related diseases. Early initiation of primary prevention therapy may offer substantial biological and clinical benefits to postmenopausal women.
The Impact of Vitamin D on Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: pei Dongliang , Wang Shuyan , Li Xueying
Published: March 2024

Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a predominant neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people, but its pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. An increasing body of evidence suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and an elevated risk of AD. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of AD through Mendelian randomization analysis.
Methods
This study utilized two independent genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets correlating vitamin D levels and AD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with vitamin D levels were selected as instrumental variables for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Multiple MR methods, including the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were employed for the primary causal inference, complemented by heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results.
Results
IVW analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and AD risk (β = -0.5725, 95% CI: -0.8349 to -0.3101, P = 0.0291), suggesting that an increase in vitamin D levels is associated with a reduction in AD risk. No significant heterogeneity was detected in the analysis.
Conclusion
This study provides preliminary evidence that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to an increased risk of AD. However, given the lack of consistent results from other MR methods, these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of cleft lip and palate in the Democratic Republic of Congo: about 1666 cases
Authors: Médard KABUYAYA K. , Onalongombe Ahuka , MEKONEN Eshete , Ye Todd M. Van , MILLICAN Paul , WEMBONYAMA Stanis O. , AKINJA Severin UWONDA
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are congenital malformations which mainly affect the upper lip and/or palate and are the most common malformations of the orofacial sphere. The objective of the present study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of cleft lip and palate patients managed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Material and Methods
a retrospective descriptive study of 1666 patients with cleft lip and palate collected in 20 provinces of the DRC and managed between January 2017 and June 2022. The variables studied were epidemiological, anatomo-clinical and therapeutic.
Results
The mean age of patients seeking care was 11.6 years. The male predominance was (58.6%). A family history of CLP was found in 4.3% of cases and the association of CLP with other visible congenital malformations was identified in 1.5%. Isolated cleft lips were (66.1%) and palates (2.6%) of cases. Combinations involving cleft lip, palate and alveoli were observed respectively as following in terms of frequency: cleft lip-alveolar (15.7%), cleft lip-alveolar-palatal (10.6%) and cleft lip-palate (4.9%). The left side cleft was more common. Cheiloplasty was the most common repair procedure for cleft lip (81.4%) and the isolate palatoplasty was performed for 2.6% cleft palate.
Conclusion
In the DRC, CLP are common, with male predominance and often treated late. Cleft lips occur more commonly than cleft palates.
Association between hemoglobin and Hyperuricemia: results from NHANES 2011–2020 and mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Wang Yajiao , Zheng Haoran , Xu Xia , Shi Shuqing , Li Yumeng , Zhang Bingxuan , Wu Huaqin , Song Qingqiao
Published: March 2024

Background The relationship between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia is still unclear. Objective To explore the association between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia. Methods The data for our cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted-median, weighted-mode and MR-Egger were used in MR analyses to assess the causal relationship between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were evaluated using Cochrane Q-test and MR Egger intercept test, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using Leave one out to evaluate the bias of individual SNPs in MR analysis. All analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS 24.0 and R version 4.3.1. Results A total of 21,855 NHANES participants were included in this study. After adjusting for all covariates, the association between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia was signifcant (P < 0.05). IVW estimates revealed that hemoglobin had signifcant efect on the risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 1.0329487, 95% CI = 1.005145–1.061521, P < 0.05). Findings of MR Egger regression, weighted median method and weighted mode were consistent with those from IVW (weighted median: OR = 1.056927, 95% CI = 1.029481–1.085105; P < 0.05; MR-Egger: OR = 1.0776376, 95% CI = 1.022953–1.135246, P < 0.05; Weighted mode: OR = 1.047532, 95% CI = 1.02109–1.074639, P < 0.05). The results of three MR Analyses methods also showed causal association between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia. Conclusions Our findings support a causal association between hemoglobin and hyperuricemia. This suggests that monitoring hemoglobin levels is equally important in preventing the occurrence of hyperuricemia.
Potential Usefulness of Nutritional Ultrasound for Morphofunctional Assessment in Patients With Obesity
Authors: MARIA GARCIA OLIVARES , LARA DALLA ROVERE , ROCIO FERNANDEZ JIMENEZ , CARMEN HARDY AÑON , JOSE ABUIN FERNANDEZ , VIRGINIA MORILLAS JIMENEZ , MANUEL GARCIA ALMEIDA JOSE
Published: March 2024

Background
Assessing the nutritional status of patients with obesity (PwO) is mandatory to secure optimal management. Easy, affordable procedures to accomplish this purpose would be appreciated. Nutritional ultrasound (NU) is a simple, non-invasive method for morphofunctional analysis.
Methods
We evaluated the ability of NU to determine body composition in a cohort of 178 PwO. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength dynamometry (HGS), which are accepted methods to monitor body composition and muscle functionality, respectively, in PwO, were used for comparative purposes.
Results
There was a highly significant correlation between NU-measured quadriceps rectus femoris (RF) cross-sectional area (CSA) and BIA-measured fat-free markers such as body cell mass (r = 0.638, P <0.001), fat free mass (r = 0.597, P <0.001) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.591, P <0.001). The correlation between RF-CSA and HGS was also significant (r = 0.536, P < 0.001). NU-measured leg subcutaneous adipose tissue (L-SAT) was highly correlated with BIA-measured fat mass (%) (r = 0.656, P <0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between L-SAT and HGS (r = -0.416, P <0.001).
Conclusions
These results suggest that NU can be a useful, cheap, portable tool to assess nutritional status.
Risk factor analysis of children and young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mascarin Aline Maria Noli , Costa Isabela Bazzo , Fregatto Luiz Fernando , Duarte Janaina Costa Marangon , Junior Salum Bueno Silveira , Serva Bianca Eduarda Baptistella Mesquita , Arruda Camila Maria , Spinola Ursula Girotto Marinho , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Buchaim Rogerio Leone , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Medeiros Rodolfo Oliveira , Santos Juliana Pascon dos , Dias Jefferson Aparecido , Junior Francisco Agostinho , Cola Paula Cristina
Published: March 2024

Currently, many individuals are affected by neurological disorders of various etiologies. In this study, we aimed to identify whether risk factors are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children and young people with cerebral palsy. We analyzed 258 medical records of people of both sexes with several neurological diagnoses. The analyzed data referred to demographic data, clinical data, and factors raised in neonatal anamnesis and neurodevelopmental disorders. The largest proportion of the sample is male, under 10 years of age, and is feeding orally. The risk factors were that the largest proportion underwent prenatal examination; had a cesarean section; and had low birth weight, hypoxia, and need for a neonatal intensive care unit. In relation to the neurodevelopmental disorder outcomes of interest, the largest proportion of the sample presented dysphagia, epilepsy, and gross motor function ≥ 4. We found that risk factors were not associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the presence of hypoxia increases epilepsy risk.
Analysis of residual ripples and wheel-rail contact state after profiling milling for reshaping rail profile
Authors: Luo Yanan , YANG Guotao , Guo Guanzhu , Ma Yongquan , Zhang Yikai
Published: March 2024

On-line milling rail profile is a new technology developed in recent years, which eliminates serious defects such as wavy wear layer on the top surface of rail profile through profiling milling and reshapes the shape of rail profile. Previous studies have focused on the maximum milling thickness, milling efficiency and the ability to eliminate rail contour defects, while ignoring the effect of residual corrugation on the wheel-rail contact condition after milling. This paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of residual ripples during rail profile profiling milling and determines the correlation between the wavelength and height of the residual ripples formed by milling and key parameters such as milling device and milling speed. Residual ripple models were constructed for the rail profile after milling at three most used milling speeds. The wheel-rail contact state was simulated and analyzed by considering the wheel weight loads of subway trains and freight trains, respectively. The results show that the residual corrugation significantly changes the wheel-rail contact stress on the upper surface of the rail profile and the strain-fatigue cycle distribution in the high contact stress region of the wheel-rail.
Have we come to the end of the PROM? Wearable sensors highlight improved rate of recovery and range of movement following robotic-assisted TKA that are overlooked by conventional PROMs
Authors: Zaidi Faseeh , Bolam Scott M. , Goplen Craig M. , Yeung Ted , Hanlon Michael , Munro Jacob , Besier Thor F. , Monk Andrew P.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate early outcomes of patients that underwent robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) and conventional TKA using wearable sensors and traditional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).
This was a prospective, matched, parallel cohort study of 100 patients with symptomatic end-stage knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary TKA (44 RA-TKA, 56 conventional TKA). Functional outcomes were assessed using ankle-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs). IMU-based outcomes included impact load, impact asymmetry, maximum knee flexion angle, and bone stimulus. PROMs, including Oxford Knee Score, EuroQol-Five Dimension, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, and Forgotten Joint Score, were evaluated at pre-operative baseline, weeks 2 to 6 post-operatively, and at 3-months and 1-year follow-up.
By post-operative week 6, RA-TKA patients showed improved function compared to the conventional TKA group, with increased maximum knee flexion angle (118o ± 6.6o vs 113o ± 5.4o; p=0.04), improved symmetry in regard to limb loading (82.3% vs 22.4%; p<0.01), increased cumulative impact load (146.6% vs 37%; p<0.01), and increased bone stimulus (25.1% vs 13.6%; p<0.01). RA-TKA patients demonstrated an earlier return to symmetrical limb loading compared to conventional TKA by post-operative week 3. There were no differences in PROMs between the two groups at any timepoint.
RA-TKAs were associated with faster return of normal gait and improved range of motion when assessed using IMUs compared to conventional TKA, which were not detected by traditional PROMs during the early post-operative period.
Associations between Self-Reported Physical Activity, Autonomic Reactivity, Interoception, and Sexual Dysfunctions in Men
Authors: Niu Caoyuan , Ventus Daniel , Wen Guangju , Santtila Pekka
Published: March 2024

Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction are prevalent male sexual dysfunctions worldwide, causing significant distress for men and their partners, as well as resulting in reduced quality and stability of romantic relationships. We aimed to investigate how physical activity in free time was associated with self-reported interoceptive awareness and autonomic nervous system reactivity during sex as well as with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. The sample of 1976 Chinese urban men aged 18 to 50 (M = 31.5 years, SD = 5.3), responded to a questionnaire on two online survey platforms. Participants reported their age, height, and weight, and filled out the Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Body Perception Questionnaire Short Form adapted for sexual events, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the International Index of Erectile Function-5, and the Checklist for Early Ejaculation Symptoms. Results indicated that more physical activity was associated with more self-reported parasympathetic activity during sex, better interoceptive awareness, and fewer premature ejaculation and erectile problems. The associations between more physical activity and fewer premature ejaculation and erectile problems were mediated by more parasympathetic reactivity during sex and more interoceptive awareness. The present study was the first to investigate the associations between physical activity, autonomic activity, interoceptive awareness, and sexual dysfunction. More physical activity was associated with better erectile function and ejaculation control through heightened interoceptive awareness and better sympathovagal balance during sexual activity. This suggests that physical exercise may enhance sexual function through both psychological and physiological pathways.
The causal relationship between plasma thrombomodulin levels and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liu Renjie , Wang Pengju , Guo Shaoning , Feng Jiahui , Chen Xuan
Published: March 2024

Background
Evidence of the genetic interconnectedness between thrombomodulin levels (TM) and stroke is largely unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between genetic predisposition to TM and stroke with a 2-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
Methods
Genetic instruments for each TM and stroke-related phenotypes were derived from large-scale genome-wide association studies. The inverse variance weighted method was used in the primary analyses to obtain the causal estimates. Complementary sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of our results.
Results
Using univariable MR, we found evidence for each standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted TM levels, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.092 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034–1.153; p = 0.002) for any stroke and 1.105 (95% CI: 1.035–1.180; p = 0.003) for IS. In multivariable MR, the association remained after accounting for body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and smoking.
Conclusions
This MR estimate reveals robust evidence that higher genetically predicted circulating TM levels were associated with an increased risk of any stroke and IS.
The optimal control of the forages-sorting mechanical arm
Authors: Luo Yun , Zhang Dabin , He Haijun
Published: March 2024

Removing impurities from forages is a key step in fine feed process, in the process of sorting weeds and foreign objects from the forages, affected by the working environment of the mechanical arm, dust will cause nonlinear friction in the mechanical arm joints, besides, the different sorting objects cause the problem of uncertain loads, these factors affect the normal operation of the mechanical arm badly. In order to track impurities accurately by end effector of mechanical arm, Kane modeling method was adopted and different control algorithms were analyzed in this paper. Firstly, we designed a conventional PID control algorithm, and analyzed its feasibility condition based on Routh criterion. Secondly, to weaken the effect caused by nonlinear friction in mechanical arm joints and uncertain loads in end effector, we combined Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN) and Expansion State Observer(ESO) with sliding mode control, proposed an adaptive sliding mode controller based on fuzzy PD compensation(FASMC), numerical simulation demonstrated that the controller can reject the unknown effects of the system and achieved a very good control performances.
Outcomes of remnant pancreatic resection for recurrent pancreatic cancer
Authors: Teraoku Hiroki , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Nakasu Chiharu , Noma Takayuki , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: March 2024

Background
Although there have been reports that remnant pancreatic resection for recurrence of pancreatic cancer contributes to a prolonged favorable prognosis, its surgical indications and timing remain controversial. We examined the feasibility of remnant pancreatic resection and the characteristics of remnant pancreatic recurrence.
Methods
A total of 180 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic resection from 2004 to 2020 were enrolled in this study. Recurrence was observed in 124 of 180 cases. Of these 124 patients, 9 who underwent remnant pancreatic resection were compared with 82 who underwent chemotherapy.
Results
The 5-year survival rate for remnant pancreatic resection was 85.7%, significantly better than that for chemotherapy (15.8%, p<0.001). Regarding patients’ background at the primary pancreatic resection, the serum albumin level (p<0.01) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were high (p<0.01), and there were many T1/2 cases in the TNM classification (p<0.01) in the remnant pancreatic resection group; additionally, duration until recurrence was significantly longer (remnant pancreatic resection group, 2.116±1.100 years vs. chemotherapy group, 0.973±0.798 years). Furthermore, among the 9 cases of remnant pancreatic resection, 8 patients (the remaining patient died of other disease) sustained secondary recurrence after remnant pancreatic resection. Among these cases, patients with recurrence after 6 months of resection were women (p=0.02), with high PNI (p=0.01) and high rate of introduction of chemotherapy for the secondary recurrence (p=0.02).
Conclusion
Remnant pancreatic resection for recurrent pancreatic cancer could prolong the favorable prognosis in selected patients, taking into account the period until recurrence and nutritional status.
Trial registration
This study was approved by the research and ethics committee of Tokushima University Hospital (Approved number: 3215-3, Date of registration: October 25th, 2021).
Effect of CO 2 shortage on the Performance of Membrane Electrode CO 2 Electrolyzer
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Cao Feiyue , Peng Hao , Cao Yaoyi , Zhou Taotao
Published: March 2024

To mitigate greenhouse effects, carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been used as an efficient means of carbon reduction. In CO2 electrolyzer, CO2 shortage can happen and degrade the reaction efficiency. Herein, an efficient and long-lived formic acid three-cell electrolyzer is used to study the effect of CO2 shortage, by operating the electrolyzer from full CO2 supply to CO2 shortage. In addition, the effects of various CO2 fluxes and concentrations on the electrolyzer current, acid concentration and lifetime are investigated. The results demonstrated that the electrolyzer current and the CO to H2 ratio both decreases from full CO2 to CO2 shortage, indicating that the reactivity of converting CO2 into formic acid ions is weakened. On the contrary, the hydrogen evolution reaction is intensified. Long-term CO2 shortage also cause the catalyst to detach and agglomerate in the cathode catalyst layer, reducing its active surface area and overall performance. Compared with the CO2 flux, the CO2 concentration exerts a more pronounced influence. To ensure the electrolysis efficiency, the carbon dioxide concentration should not be less than 80%.
The Association of Women Empowerment Dimensions and Antenatal Care Utilization in Ethiopia; Facility-based Cross- Sectional Study, 2022
Authors: Ababe Yonas , Demissie Asresash , Adugna Kebebe , Berhanu Robera Demissie , Diriba Misganu , Bacha Nuritu
Published: March 2024

Background
Women empowerment is a multidimensional global development goal. Women in developing countries are exposed to disempowerment. This leads to mortality and morbidity in women through the inhibition of maternal care, such as antenatal care. It is impossible to decrease maternal mortality without sufficient and timely antenatal care. However, the association between women’s empowerment and antenatal care utilization has been understudied. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the association of women’s empowerment dimensions with antenatal care utilization.
Method
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 mothers selected by systematic random sampling from July 1–August 31, 2022. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data Manager version 4.6.0.6 and then exported to SPSS version 26. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations among the variables.
Results
Out of 305 respondents, 301 provided a complete response, which is a response rate of 99.1%. Approximately 187 (62.1%) study participants utilized adequate antenatal care [95% CI];[56.4,67.6]. The majority of women’s empowerment dimensions have a statistically positive correlation with adequate antenatal care utilization. In addition, multivariate logistic regression showed that [AOR (95% C. I)], high self-efficacy [AOR = 2.06 (1.16, 3.68)], high self-esteem [AOR = 2.74 (1.52, 4.94)], an internal locus of control [AOR = 2.21 (1.23, 3.96)], and labor work participation [AOR = 2.28 (1.22, 4.28)] were all associated with antenatal care utilization.
Conclusion
Women’s empowerment dimensions have a positive and statistically significant association with antenatal care utilization. To improve recommended antenatal care utilization by mothers, the empowerment of women by health professionals, hospitals, and other stakeholders is very important.
Research on runoff prediction method based on multi-graph spatio-temporal feature fusion
Authors: He Xin , Xie Jiancang , zhang gang , Xie Tuo , Huo Xiuxiu , Xia Huanqing
Published: March 2024

To improve the accuracy of watershed runoff prediction and address the lack of interpretability in data-driven hydrological models, we propose a spatiotemporal prediction model, named the Multi-Graph Attention Mechanism with Gated Recurrent Unit (MGAT-MIC-GRU). This model leverages a multi-graph attention mechanism, combining Graph Attention Network (GAT) and Gated Recurrent Neural Network (GRU), for runoff forecasting. Firstly, employing hydrological data from the Qishui River Basin, a graph neural network is utilized to extract the topological structure of the watershed site and generate feature vectors; Secondly, according to the characteristics of hydrological time series data, a multi-graph attention runoff spatio-temporal prediction model based on MIC mechanism is established to predict the runoff of the basin; Finally, we conduct comparative experiments over multiple forecasting horizons to evaluate the predictive performance of various models, including the MGAT-MIC-GRU model. The research findings demonstrate that our proposed model improves the accuracy of runoff prediction.
Predictors of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jie , Chen Jing , Chen Yanhua , Qin Yinying , Liu Tianxiao , Pan Sining , Xie Yubo
Published: March 2024

Background
Analyze the risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, built a predictive nomogram model for early identification of high-risk individuals and develop strategies for preventive interventions.
Methods
A total of 156 patients was recruited and categorized according to the development of POD within 7 days. After identifying independent risk factors through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, predictive models were established. The discrimination and calibration were determined by C-index and calibration curve, with five-fold cross-validation executed. A nomogram model representing the optimal model was constructed based on the results.
Results
POD occurred in 24 (15.38%) patients. Significant differences were observed in age, anxiety, physical status, sleep disorders, blood glucose, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI), anticholinergic, blood loss, postoperative infection, and numerical rating scale (NRS). Logistic regression analyses showed that sleep disorders (OR:12.931, 95% CI:1.191-140.351, P = 0.035), ACCI (OR:2.608, 95% CI:1.143–5.950, P = 0.023), postoperative infection (OR:19.298, 95% CI:2.53-147.202, P = 0.04), and NRS (OR:4.033, 95% CI:1.062–15.324, P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for POD. Model 1 (postoperative infection, ACCI, preoperative sleep disorder, NRS showed better diagnostic performance than the others, of which the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.973. The best diagnostic performance was found in model 1 through five-fold cross-validation, with a C-index of 0.963.
Conclusions
This prospective cohort study highlighted that ACCI, preoperative sleep disorder, postoperative pain, and postoperative infection were identified as independent risk factors for POD. Furthermore, the nomogram derived from model 1 proved to be effective in predicting POD in elderly patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
A Novel Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm for FY-3E GNOS-R Leveraging Multi-Angle Observations
Authors: Wu Xuerui , Xia Junming , Bai Weihua , Sun Yueqiang
Published: March 2024

Surface soil moisture (SM) is a critical factor in hydrological modeling, agricultural management, and numerical weather forecasting. This paper presents a highly effective soil moisture retrieval algorithm developed for the FY-3E (FengYun-3E) GNOS-R (GNSS Occultation Sounder II-Reflectometry) instrument. The algorithm incorporates a first-order vegetation model that considers vegetation density and volume scattering. Utilizing multi-angle GNOS-R observations, the algorithm derives surface reflectivity, which is combined with ancillary data on opacity, vegetation water content, and soil moisture from SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) to optimize the retrieval process. The algorithm has been specifically tailored for different surface conditions, including bare soil, areas with low vegetation, and densely vegetated regions. The algorithm directly incorporates the angle-dependence of observations, leading to enhanced retrieval accuracy. Additionally, a new approach parameterizes surface roughness as a function of angle, allowing for refined corrections in reflectivity measurements. For vegetated areas, the algorithm effectively isolates the soil surface signal by eliminating volume scattering and vegetation effects, enabling accurate estimation of soil moisture. By leveraging multi-angle data, the algorithm achieves significantly improved retrieval accuracy, with root mean square errors of 0.0235, 0.0264, and 0.0191 (g/cm3) for bare, low vegetation, and dense vegetation areas, respectively. This innovative methodology offers robust global soil moisture estimation capabilities using the GNOS-R instrument, surpassing the accuracy of previous techniques.
Venous resection increases risk of chyle leak after total pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumors
Authors: Li Tianyu , Lin Chen , Zhao Bangbo , Li Zeru , Zhao Yutong , Han Xianlin , Dai Menghua , Guo Junchao , Wang Weibin
Published: March 2024

Background Existing research on chyle leak (CL) after pancreatic surgery is mostly focused on pancreaticoduodenectomy and lacks investigation on total pancreatectomy (TP). This study aimed to explore potential risk factors of CL and develop a predictive model for patients with pancreatic tumor undergoing TP.
Methods This retrospective study enrolled 90 consecutive patients undergoing TP from January 2015 to December 2023 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. According to the inclusion criteria, 79 patients were finally included in the following analysis. The LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors associated with CL and construct a predictive nomogram. Then, the ROC analysis, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were performed to assess its discrimination, accuracy, and efficacy. Due to the small sample size, we adopted the bootstrap resampling method with 500 repetitions for validation. Lastly, we plotted and analyzed the trend of postoperative drainage volume in CL patients.
Results We revealed that venous resection (OR = 4.352, 95%CI 1.404-14.04, P = 0.011) was an independent risk factor for CL after TP. Prolonged operation time (OR = 1.473, 95%CI 1.015-2.237, P = 0.052) was also associated with an increased incidence of CL. We included these two factors in our prediction model. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.752 (95%CI 0.622-0.874) after bootstrap. The calibration curve, DCA and CIC showed great accuracy and clinical benefit of our nomogram. In patients with CL, the mean drainage volume raised gradually after TP and was significantly higher in venous resection group.
Conclusion Venous resection was an independent risk factor for chyle leak after TP. Patients undergoing vascular resection during TP should be alert for the occurrence of CL after surgery. We also constructed a nomogram consisted of venous resection and operation time to predict the odds of CL in patients undergoing TP.
In-Situ Reinforcement of AA6063/Al2O3 Hybrid Composite: Comparative Wear and Hardness Evaluation of Manihot Esculenta and Green Plantago major Particulates
Authors: Ben Festus , Apata Olubambi
Published: March 2024

The AA6063 alloy, renowned for its effective resistance against corrosion and favourable mechanical properties, has limited applications within the automotive and aerospace sectors owing to its reduced hardness and wear properties. Manihot esculenta and Plantago major are essential food crops cultivated largely within sub-Saharan Africa. The peels of these food crops contribute to environmental pollution through indiscriminate disposal. This study aims to contribute to the current understanding exploring the potential use of the Manihot esculenta peel ash (MEPA) and Plantago major peel ash (PMPA) as innovative reinforcements for in-situ fabrication of AA6063/Al2O3 hybrid composites. Comparative assessments of the hardness behaviours and wear performances of MEP-based aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) and the PMP-based AMCs reveal MEP’s superior impact, enhancing AA6063 matrix hardness to 107 BHN, in contrast to PMP’s 86 BHN. MEP and PMP particulates as reinforcements notably improved AA6063 hardness by 328% and 244%, respectively. Incorporating the ashes of these solid wastes also enhanced the abrasion resistance of the fabricated AMCs. While the MEP ash particles performed better than the PMP ash particles in hardness and wear, natural ceramic agro waste reinforcements (MEPA and PMPA) provide an economical alternative to expensive artificial ceramic reinforcement (Al2O3). These findings highlight the potential of using MEPA and PMPA agro wastes as sustainable engineering solutions to reinforce AMCs for improved applications.