bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Kaempferia parviflora extract (KPE)- induced vasorelaxation in the rat aorta
Authors: Tep-areenan Patcharin , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Randall Michael D.
Published: April 2018

Background: The rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) have been widely used in Thai traditional medicine to treat several diseases such as hypertension. Recent studies have shown that the ethanolic extract of KP (KPE) exerts vasorelaxant effects in the rat aorta. However, the underlying mechanisms of these vascular responses remain unclear. Objectives: Investigate the mechanisms of KPE-induced vasorelaxation in the rat aorta. Methods: Aortic rings from male Wistar rats were precontracted with methoxamine. Changes in tension were measured using an isometric force transducer and recorded on the MacLab recording system. Vasorelaxation to KPE was examined in the presence of 10 μM indomethacin, 300 μM NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 60 mM KCl, 5 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), 10 μM glibenclamide, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or 30 μM barium chloride (BaCl2). The effects of KPE on vascular responses to carbachol, sodium nitroprusside, and CaCl2 were evaluated. Results: KPE (0.1-100 μg/mL) caused vasorelaxations, which were reduced with removal of the endothelium. In addition, indomethacin, L-NAME, and indomethacin plus L-NAME reduced KPE-induced vasorelaxation. Raising the extracellular KCl concentration to 60 mM, or pre-treatment with BaCl2, TEA, or glibenclamide reduced relaxant responses to KPE. Contractions to CaCl2 were inhibited after pre-incubation with KPE. Pre-treatment with KPE enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations to carbachol, but not to sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion: KPE had a vasodilator effect in the rat isolated aortic rings. These effects involved endotheliumderived NO and prostanoids via a COX pathway. In addition, KPE-induced vasorelaxation was due to increasing K+ efflux probably through KCa, KIR and KATP channels. These provide pharmacological evidence for mechanism of KPE-induced vasorelaxation and support the traditional use of KPE as an antihypertensive agent.
Lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in human peripheral T-lymphocytes
Authors: Ninla-aesong Putrada , Pradutkanchana Jintana , Noipha Kusumarn , Mitarnun Winyou
Published: April 2018

Background: There are few reports about the interactions of EBV with peripheral T-cells, especially during the early phase of infection. Objective: Demonstrate the capability of EBV to infect and replicate in human peripheral T-cells in vitro. Methods: After treating with EBV, the susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection into T-cells was confirmed using electron microscopy, the expression of EBV mRNA using RT-PCR, and the expression of EBV proteins using Western blot analysis. The expression of CD19 and CD21 mRNA was determined using RT-PCR. The induction of cell death was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. Results: The susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection was confirmed by the presence of virus particles in the cytoplasm. The entering to lytic infection was confirmed by detection the expression of EBV lytic (BZLF1) mRNA, and the expression of late lytic proteins (VCA and gp350/220). The expression of CD19 and CD21 were not observed using RT-PCR. The interactions of EBV with T-cells leaded to induction of T-cell death. Conclusion: Peripheral T-cells are a direct target of EBV infection. At the beginning of infection by EBV, EBV infection of T-cells leads to the entering into lytic virus replication. EBV binds to these cells through a receptor distinct from the CD21.
Effects of N(2-propylpentanoyl)urea on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in spontaneous recurrent seizure rats
Authors: Khongsombat Onrawee , Tantisira Boonyong , Tantisira Mayuree H.
Published: April 2018

Background: N(2-propylpentanoyl) urea (VPU) is a new valproic acid (VPA) analog with higher anticonvulsant activity than its parent compound in various animal models including seizure acutely induced by pilocarpine. Objective: Investigate its effects on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) rats. Methods: Pilocarpine hydrochloride was used to induce status epilepticus (SE). Animals were visually observed for two hours/day for an episode of SRS for six weeks. Microdialysis experiment was performed to detect hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters on those rats that developed SRS. Results: In comparison to normal rats, hippocampal glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine, significantly increased in SRS rats. Occurrence of SRS in the faces of increased level of inhibitory neurotransmitters suggests the key role played by glutamate in the genesis and control of SRS. Based on the observation in pilocarpine-induced SE, the level of glutamate in SRS rats significantly decreased by a clinically effective anticonvulsant, VPA (300 and 600 mg/kg, i.p). Similar profile on hippocampal glutamate was also exhibited by VPU (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: The possible role of VPU in controlling seizure in SRS rats and subsequently human temporal lobe epilepsy as VPA was suggested.
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated nuclear localization in head and neck cancer cells is PPP2R2B-dependent
Authors: Suyarnsestakorn Chotika , Thanasupawat Thatchawan , Leelahavanichkul Kantima , Gutkind J. Silvio , Mutirangura Apiwat
Published: April 2018

Background: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in radiation-induced activation of cellular responses, likely by its ability to regulate the autophosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, a key molecule involved in the DNA damage response initiated by double-stranded DNA breaks. Interestingly, a hereditary defect in the PPP2R2B gene, which encodes the beta isoform of PP2A regulatory subunit B, causes autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 12, a clinical condition resembling that of ataxia telangiectasia patients. Moreover, PPP2R2B is significantly down-regulated in many human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Objective: Examine whether PPP2R2B regulates ATM function, thereby contributing to tumor progression due to the resulting defective DNA repair. Methods: The roles of PPP2R2B were evaluated in irradiated HNSCC cell lines, siRNAPPP2R2B cells and okadaic acid treated cells. Expression of PPP2R2B was measured by microarray, Western blot analysis and real time quantitative rtPCR. ATM quantity and localization, ATM phosphorylation and γ-H2AX were determined by Western blot analysis and/or immunofluorescence assay. Clonogenic cell survival assay was performed to determine ionizing radiation sensitivity. Results: PPP2R2B expression is reduced in multiple tumor types, including HNSCCs. Indeed, HNSCC cell lines that have lower PPP2R2B mRNA expression and siRNAPPP2R2B cells lower basal and radiation-induced levels of phosphorylated ATM and the consequent reduction in the levels of phosphorylation of the downstream ATM target, γ-H2AX. Depletion of PPP2R2B and inhibition of PP2A with okadaic acid resulted in limited ATM nuclear localization. Finally, siRNAPPP2R2B cells displayed enhanced sensitivity to death after radiation. Conclusion: In HNSCCs, ATM nuclear localization is PPP2R2B dependent, and decreased PPP2R2B expression may result in limited ATM activation by preventing its nuclear accumulation and ATM-chromatin interaction. Therefore, decreased PPP2R2B expression in HNSCCs may contribute to genomic instability, cancer development and radiation sensitivity by limiting ATM functions.
Effects of Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) venom on general circulation and renal hemodynamics in experimental animals
Authors: Chanhome Lawan , Sitprija Visith , Chaiyabutr Narongsak
Published: April 2018

Background: Many studies have reported the occurrence of lethal acute renal failure after snakebites. Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) is a medically important venomous snake distributed widely throughout Southeast Asia. The best known features of systemic envenoming by B. candidus are neurotoxic. Objective: Obtain more information on effects of B. candidus venom on changes in systemic and renal hemodynamics in experimental animals. Methods: Twelve adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used to study the effect of B. candidus venom on general circulation and renal hemodynamics. An anesthetized animal was intravenously injected with B. candidus venom at a dosage of 50μg/kg bodyweight. All changes of parameters were observed after initial post venom injection and recorded at 30 min intervals until 150 minutes after envenomation. Results: After envenomation, cardiovascular responses showed a marked decrease in mean arterial pressure within two minutes, afterwards gradually returning closely to baseline values. There were stepwise decreases in heart rate and cardiac output, while total peripheral resistance was slightly increased. The renal hemodynamics significantly decreased by glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow and effective renal blood flow, while the filtration fraction significantly increased. Envenomed animals showed a reduction in renal fraction, while renal vascular resistance stepwise increased. The plasma potassium level tended to increase. Animals showed stepwise decreases in urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl-. A marked decrease in plasma calcium level was apparent at 120 minutes, while plasma creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased at 30-120 minutes. Conclusion: A significant drop in blood pressure was attributed to a sustained fall in cardiac output, which would be associated with a reduction in heart rate. Sustained hypotension would contribute to reduction of renal blood flow, which results in decreased GFR.
A benign liver tumor mimics hepatic metastasis from colon cancer
Authors: Parinyanitikul Napa , Vajragupta Laddawan , Klaikaew Naruemon , Sirichindakul Boonchoo , Sriuranpong Virote
Published: April 2018

Background: Liver is the most common distant metastasized organ in advanced colon cancer. Surgical resection of metastatic lesions would offer the best chance of a long-term survival. An accurate diagnosis and evaluation of extent of disease is crucial in the management of liver metastasis. Objective: Report a benign hepatic condition mimicking liver metastasis in a colon cancer patient. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male with an early stage sigmoid colon cancer was treated with sigmoidectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin for six months. Annual computerized tomography of abdomen at two years after the surgery revealed three hypervascular nodules in the liver. Investigations including MRI of the liver and whole body FDG-F18 PET/CT demonstrated evidence consistent with non-metastatic liver nodules. Liver biopsy of one of the lesions led to the diagnosis of “focal nodular hyperplasia”. Conclusion: The possible etiology, diagnosis, and further management of this benign liver tumor, the focal nodular hyperplasia became clear.
Salivary clearance of sugar before and after insertion of fixed partial dentures
Authors: Karaoglanoglu Serpil , Duymus Zeynep Yesil , Akgul Nilgun , Ozdabak Nur , Seven Nilgun , Ozabacygil Fatma
Published: April 2018

Background: The development of carious lesions is dependent on the presence of acid-producing microflora in the mouth. The activity of these plaque bacteria is dependent on sugar, which diffuses from the saliva following carbohydrate intake. The sugar serves as a substrate for fermentation, producing organic acids that demineralize tooth enamel. Elimination of the sugar from the mouth is accomplished by dilution with newly secreted saliva, a process generally referred to as sugar clearence. Objectives: Determine if fixed partial prosthodontic treatment affects the length of salivary sugar clearance. Materials and methods: Fifteen male subjects age between 21 and 32, and requiring 10 porcelain fixed partial dentures were included in this study. Before receiving their dentures, the subjects, rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution for 30 seconds then gave saliva samples. The prpcedure was repeated one month after the dentures were put in place. The length of sugar clearance was calculated. Results: Salivary sugar was cleared in 14.89±0.89 minutes before the denture application and in 18.86± 0.90 minutes after denture treatment. The initial sucrose concentration was 113.63±1.29 mmol/L before the dentures and 142.99±10.82 mmol/L after the dentures. Conclusion: The use of fixed partial dentures does not affect the time required to clear salivary sugar or the level of the initial sucrose concentration.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses isolated from dogs in Thailand during 2008-2009
Authors: Posuwan Nawarat , Payungporn Sunchai , Thontiravong Aunyaratana , Kitikoon Pravina , Amonsin Alongkorn , Poovorawan Yong
Published: April 2018

Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.
Rod stiffness effect on adjacent segmental degeneration: a comparative long-term study
Authors: Tienboon Prakit , Jaruwangsanti Nara
Published: April 2018

Background: Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a major complication following spinal instrumentation and fusion. The search for of the rod flexibility factors responsible for junctional degeneration is still ongoing. Objective: Determine the rod stiffness and ASD following posterior instrumentation and fusion for lumbar spine and find the proper rod diameter for adult spinal instrumentation for fusion. Subject and methods: Retrospective evaluation of all patients requiring spinal instrumentation to determine the different rod diameter that predispose toward junctional degeneration was completed. All patients requiring spinal instrumentation over a one-year period were studied retrospectively. One-hundred eight-seven patients (mean age 61.6 years) who had undergone decompression and fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation were evaluated. The average follow-up was 4.2 years. The average number of levels fused was 2.9 segments (range: 1-8). Adjacent spinal level pre- and post-operatively was determined on the plain X-rays. Junctional degeneration was defined as new episode of degeneration of the adjacent level on radiologic finding. Asymptomatic patients did not demonstrate junctional degeneration on the routine post-operative X-rays. Results: ASD developed in 15 (8.0%) out of 187 patients, including compression fractures (n=2), spinal stenosis (n=6), and symptomatic disc collapse (n=7). There was a close correlation between the posterior instrument stiffness and the development of ASD (p=0.011). For fusion and fixation with 5.5 mm and 6.0 mm rod diameter, ASD occurred in four (3.7%) out of 108 patients and in 11 (13.9 %) out of 79 patients, resepectively. The incidences of ASD were greater when the posterior instrument used were stiffer in lumbar spine fusion. The pre-operative age, gender, and indication for surgery were not associated with the development of ASD. Conclusion: The prevalence of symptomatic ASD relatively increased with increasing stiffness of spinal implant. The diameter of the longitudinal rod strongly affected the fixator loads, and influenced the stresses in the vertebral endplates. The rod diameter had influence on the stresses in the adjacent spinal motion segment.
Anatomy of the facial nerve branching patterns, the marginal mandibular branch and its extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line
Authors: Weerapant Ekaritt , Bunaprasert Tanom , Chokrungvaranont Prayuth , Chentanez Vilai
Published: April 2018

Background: Surgery of face and parotid gland may cause injury to branches of the facial nerve, which results in paralysis of muscles of facial expression. Knowledge of branching patterns of the facial nerve and reliable landmarks of the surrounding structures are essential to avoid this complication. Objective: Determine the facial nerve branching patterns, the course of the marginal mandibular branch (MMB), and the extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line (LPL). Materials and methods: One hundred cadaveric half-heads were dissected for determining the facial nerve branching patterns according to the presence of anastomosis between branches. The course of the MMB was followed until it entered the depressor anguli oris in 49 specimens. The vertical distance from the mandibular angle to this branch was measured. The horizontal distance from the LPL to the otobasion superious (LPL-OBS) and the apex of the parotid gland (LPL-AP) were measured in 52 specimens. Results: The branching patterns of the facial nerve were categorized into six types. The least common (1%) was type I (absent of anastomosis), while type V, the complex pattern was the most common (29%). Symmetrical branching pattern occurred in 30% of cases. The MMB was coursing below the lower border of the mandible in 57% of cases. The mean vertical distance was 0.91±0.22 cm. The mean horizontal distances of LPL-OBS and LPLAP were 7.24±0.6 cm and 3.95±0.96 cm, respectively. The LPL-AP length was 54.5±11.4% of LPL-OBS. Conclusion: More complex branching pattern of the facial nerve was found in this population and symmetrical branching pattern occurred less of ten. The MMB coursed below the lower border of the angle of mandible with a mean vertical distance of one centimeter. The extraparotid ramification of the facial nerve was located in the area between the apex of the parotid gland and the LPL.
Antibacterial efficacy of Bacopa monnieri leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Khan Abdul Viqar , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Shukla Indu , Khan Athar Ali
Published: April 2018

Background: Bacopa monnieri (Linn) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia, and used in the treatment of cough or as an antiseptic. The traditional use of this plant suggests its possible antibacterial properties, but its efficacy has not been examined yet. Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Materials and methods: Five different concentrations (500 μg, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL) of crude leaf extracts of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell were tested for antibacterial efficacy against seven Gram-positive and 11 Gramnegative bacteria. The sensitivity of plant fractions was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results: Maximum activity was revealed by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, followed by aqueous, benzene, and petrol extracts. Phyto-chemical analysis of the plant leaf showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Conclusion: This plant may be effective for treatment of different pathogenic diseases.
Efficacy of sanitation and sanitary factors against the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) infestation and effectiveness of educational programs on sanitation in Iran
Authors: Shahraki Gholam Hossein , Noor Hafidzi Mohd , Rafinejad Javad , Shahar Mohd Khadri , Ibrahim Yusof Bin
Published: April 2018

Background: Sanitation and educational programmes as tactics of the biorational control programme to affect bait performance against German cockroaches have been reported, but these are limited to discussion on the effect of these factors alone. Objective: Investigate the effectiveness of sanitation and related factors on German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in Iran. Methods: Sticky traps were used to monitor cockroach infestations at three residential buildings comprising of 150 apartment units in the southwest part of Iran. Educational programmes using pamphlets, posters, and lectures to describe the importance of sanitation, exclusion, and low toxic control in biorational control approach was performed in the intervention groups of the surveyed residential buildings. The cockroach index and sanitation rate tables were tools to evaluate the infestation and sanitation. A questionnaire was distributed to collect information on unsanitary factors and occupants’ attitudes towards sanitation. Results: There was a significant correlation between infestation and poor sanitation. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between infestation and sanitation in a biorational system. The effectiveness of a comprehensive educational program on the improvement of unsanitary factors such as “dirty and cluttered”, “unwashed dishes left at night” and “leftover foods exposed at places” or “food debris” was significant as it reduced upon cockroach infestation. Other relevant effects were also taken into consideration. Conclusion: Sanitation has positive impact in reduction of German cockroach infestation.
Frosty, Freezing and Severe Freezing Days and Their Synoptic Implications in Małopolska, Southern Poland, 1951–2000
Authors: Bielec-Bąkowska Zuzanna , Łupikasza Ewa
Published: April 2018

This study discusses the occurrence of days with unique thermal characteristics for the period 1951-2000. The authors investigated longterm variability, probability of occurrence and synoptic conditions favourable to frosty (tmin≤0˚C ∧ tmax>0˚C), freezing (tmax<0˚C) and severe freezing (tmax<-10˚C) days at six stations in the southern part of Poland. The occurrence of frosty days is characterized by the highest diversity, both in spatial and temporal terms and these days depend on the landform to the highest degree. The number of freezing days ranged from 28-30 in the foothills of the Carpathians to 147 at 2000 m a.s.l. in the Tatra Mountains, with severe freezing days from ca. 2 to ca. 18 days respectively, though no distinct trends were noted in their long-term progression. The anticyclonic situations and air mass advection from the southern sector (frosty days), from the east, south-east and north (freezing and severe freezing days) were the most favourable for the days examined.
Long-Term Variability in the Course of Ice Phenomena on the Vistula River in Toruń
Authors: Pawłowski Bogusław
Published: April 2018

Our first information of ice cover on the Vistula River in Poland dates from the Middle Ages. However, only since the 19th century have continuous observations been available. This study makes use of a data series, obtained mainly from IMGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management), covering the years 1861-2003 for ice phenomena and 1814-2003 for ice cover. Considerable shortening has been observed in the duration of both ice phenomena (from 60-120 days to 30-80 days) and ice cover (from 40-100 days to 20-60 days). These trends correspond well with the trend in winter temperatures becoming warmer. However, the transformation of the ice regime on the Vistula River in Toruń has also been affected by the river control, the construction and operation of the Włocławek Dam and (to a lesser degree than at Korzeniewo) icebreaking activities.
Phenology of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) in the Kujawy Region (Northern Poland) under the Influence of Climatic Changes 1981–2000
Authors: Pawlikowski Tadeusz , Pawlikowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

Duration of flight periods were determined for most numerous species of social wasps for two decades 1981-1990 and 1991-2000. The tendency to shorten the duration of wasps’ flight periods by 12-18% was observed during 1990s. An attempt was undertaken to associate this phenomenon with observed climatic changes that shape nutritional resources of Vespinae.
Daily Minimum and Maximum Air Temperature in Poland in the Years 1951–2005
Authors: Kejna Marek , Araźny Andrzej , Maszewski Rafał , Przybylak Rajmund , Uscka-Kowalkowska Joanna , Vizi Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2018

In this study grid data of daily maximum and minimum air temperatures taken from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the territory of Poland for the years 1951-2005 have been used as a basis for an analysis of the spatial distribution of daily maximum and minimum air temperature, the frequency of characteristic days and the variability of these parameters in the period analysed. The results obtained were then compared to the variability in atmospheric circulation in Europe, described by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index.
Biometeorological Conditions in the Arctic During the First International Polar Year, 1882–1883
Authors: Araźny Andrzej
Published: April 2018

The article provides an initial description of the biometeorological conditions in the Arctic during the first International Polar Year (IPY 1) of 1882-1883. The study is based on hourly measurements taken from nine stations which represent most of the climatic regions in the Arctic. The diversity of biometeorological conditions was analysed in relation to the height above sea level, the distance from the sea and the character of the ground. The analysis made use of such biometeorological indices as wind chill index (WCI), predicted insulation of clothing (Iclp) and the cooling power of the air (H). A considerable spatial diversity of the biometeorological conditions was found during the period investigated. The least favourable thermal sensations occurred at the Sagastyr station, and the most favourable conditions were observed at Kapp Thordsen.
Submarine Evidence of the Late Weichselian Maximum Extent and the Little Ice Age (LIA) Glacier Limits in the St. Jonsfjorden Region (Svalbard)
Authors: Król Michał , Grześ Marek , Sobota Ireneusz , Ćmielewski Marcin , Jaworski Tomasz
Published: April 2018

The paper presents the results of bathymetric mapping of selected tidewater glaciers in the St. Jonsfjorden (Svalbard) between 2004 and 2007. We also used the bathymetric data collected by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) as well as the shaded relief images based on them. The most clearly visible traces in submarine marginal zones of the glaciers come from the Little Ice Age (LIA), i.e. the cooling period which in the area of St. Jonsfjorden might have ended no later than about 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, i.e. during a warm period, the glaciers of St. Jonsfjorden reached their maximums. The youngest traces in the seafloor of the fjord and the bays date from this period, similar to the case of the land marginal zones. In front of the cliff of the Dahl Glacier there is a clearly visible zone of submarine moraines. It finishes exactly along the line of the LIA maximum. The sea-floor relief of the fjord and bays shows traces which we interpret as having been formed during the Late Weichselian (13-10 ka B.P.). At that time, the Dahl Glacier advanced onto the northern part of Hermansenøya; its main stream passed to the north of the island. Simultaneously, the Konow-Osborne Glacier terminated 2 to 4 km from the fjord mouth, leaving about 15 km2 of the fjord ice-free.
Comprehensive Palaeobotanical Studies of Lacustrine-Peat Bog Sediments from the Mazovian/ Holsteinian Interglacial at the Site of Nowiny Żukowskie (Se Poland) – Preliminary Study
Authors: Hrynowiecka Anna , Szymczyk Artur
Published: April 2018

The environmental variability during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial is better understood thanks to the results of multidisciplinary palaeobotanical studies. The perfectly preserved and abundant material from Nowiny Żukowskie in SE Poland has been the subject of numerous palaeobotanical analyses. The results both of initial pollen analysis and of the examination of plant macroremains provide a detailed view of changes in the palaeoenvironment of this area during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial. Originally, the water basin was mostly the habitat of plants indicative of low trophy. The frequent occurence of swamp plants evidences a change in hydrological and climatic conditions consistent with the intra-interglacial climatic oscillation. In the subsequent part of the optimum, an expansion of swamps with Aracites interglacialis and Dulichium arundinaceum was recorded. The development of a peat bog overgrown by i.a. Sphagnum sp., Eriophorum vaginatum, and Andromeda polifolia was also observed. The growth of swamp and peat vegetation resulted in the nearly complete disappearance of aquatic vegetation, apart from species typical of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial: Brasenia borysthenica and Aldrovanda dokturovskyi. The close of the interglacial was marked by the intensive development of peat bog and swamp communities with Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, and A. interglacialis. The intensive increase in the number of A. interglacialis during the period described as the “birch oscillation” supports the hypothesis of noticeable changes in hydrological conditions at that time. The end of the described period is typified by a deterioration of climatic conditions, indicated by the increase in values for Betula humilis, B. nana, and Juniperus communis.
探索和创建高产高效综采工作面的有效途径
Authors: 程 志明
Published: April 2018

对影响石圪台煤矿矿井综采工作面产能的自然条件、技术装备条件及组织管理水平等主控因素进行分析和研究，通过采用多种途径组建队伍，实施多种措施提升队伍技术素质和实操能力及采取多种技术手段破解开采灾害等有效举措，逐步提升了矿井首采工作面的产能和效率，初步探索出了一条在该区域内人员极为缺少和较为复杂开采条件下创建高产高效综采工作面的有效途径，为本矿区内建设高产高效的现代化矿井提供了一定的实践经验和开拓性思路。
立体综合防护技术在山区公路高边坡治理中的应用
Authors: 韩 俊
Published: April 2018

在中国国民经济建设过程中，公路交通所起到的作用毋庸置疑。而随着社会的不断发展以及公路等级的不断提高，使得公路边坡治理工作成为重中之重，特别是对于一些山区公路而言，加强边坡治理更是十分关键。立体综合防护技术的出现，给山区公路边坡治理工作创造了巨大便利，使得山区公路的安全性得到了有效提升。鉴于此，文章重点就立体综合防护技术在山区公路高边坡治理中的应用进行研究分析，以供参考和借鉴。
工程技术与管理
Authors: 崔 跃
Published: April 2018

工程技术与管理
水平井感应测井影响因素及校正方法研究
Authors: 黄 潮
Published: April 2018

水平井测井环境与垂直井有很大的差别，要充分考虑井眼附近地层的几何形状、测量方位、重力引起的仪器偏心、井眼底部聚集的岩屑、异常侵入剖面以及地层各向异性等对测井响应的影响，论文主要讨论了感应测井影响因素并对测井曲线做校正方法的研究。
35kV 变电站设计
Authors: 贾 艳明 , 王 旭
Published: April 2018

变电站在电厂和用户之间起着重要的连接作用，能否正确合理设计变电所关系到整个电网的经济运行。本设计为 35kV 小型降压变电所设计，以一次系统为主，兼顾二次系统及所用电。本次设计主要包括所址的选择，变电所电气设备的选择和计算，继电保护的设计，防雷保护和接地设计。根据各侧的电流短路计算按照高压电气选择的规程选择电气设备，并对10kV 侧和 35kV 侧主电力变压器的型号进行选择和校验。
市政给水工程管理与质量控制措施探讨
Authors: 林 敏仪
Published: April 2018

改革开放以来，中国经济不断发展，国家政策也在不断地进步。中国的市政给水工程施工管理也在不断地进步，市政给水工程属于土木工程的一部分。市政给水工程施工是保障城市的正常化发展和经济进步的基础条件。市政给水工程项目的基础性很强，而且社会效益十分明显，资金的来源是以国家和政府的投资为主，其施工范围很大，影响范围特别广。
地籍测量在土地管理中的应用浅析
Authors: 李 继华
Published: April 2018

土地资源是一种不可再生的特殊资源。在 21 世纪的今天，伴随着科学技术的发展和人们物质文化需求的提高，越来越多的土地资源被用来大量地修建房屋、商场和娱乐设施。一直以来，土地资源的管理和应用都受到有关部门和社会各界人士的广泛关注。论文主要根据土地管理和利用的特点，结合相对应的科学方法，对地籍测量工作的内容和作用进行分析。地籍测量在土地资源的管理工作中起到举足轻重的作用，是土地管理工作的基本工作，也是土地资源管理的根本依据。
“工学一体化”数控技术应用专业教学模式探索
Authors: 付 天翼
Published: April 2018

随着当今科技水平的高速发展，层出不穷的新兴科学技术也逐渐渗透到社会生产的各个领域中，而数控技术作为先进生产力的代表也被广泛应用到了中等职业学校。然而，现阶段传统的中等职业学校数控技术应用专业已无法适应时代的发展和市场的需求，鉴于此，论文在分析了数控技术应用专业教学所存在的不足的基础上，着重探讨了构建“工学一体化”数控技术应用专业教学模式的几点建议，希望为中等职业学校提升教学效率和教学水平提供借鉴和指导。
Instruction and Learning Styles & Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Gu Jin
Published: April 2018

No Abstract
Investigation and Research on Safety Education in Village Elementary Schools in Counties - With Nanxian County, Hunan as an Example
Authors: Zhang Yihan
Published: April 2018

The basic education in the new period has changed quickly, and all kinds of education departments have strengthened safety education by various approaches; however, the students' safety accidents across the country have still happened frequently, so the people have spontaneously paid attention to and reflected on the students' safety education issue, especially the safety education in the elementary schools where the students are younger. In this paper, the village elementary schools in the counties have been taken as the research object, and the research methods such as documentary method and interview method have been adopted to analyze the current situation of safety education in the village elementary schools in Nanxian County from the aspects such as safety education management, safety education content, safety education awareness, safety education effect and safety education approach.
Enhancement, Burden Alleviation, Flexibility and Innovation: Some Thoughts on the Preparation of Lower Grades' Chinese Examination Papers in Primary Schools
Authors: Ding Xia
Published: April 2018

N/A
Art Education and Innovation Ability Training On College Students
Authors: Peng Wei
Published: April 2018

During education, the rational application of art education can not only effectively stimulate the innovative thinking of college students, but also enhance the innovation ability of college students, which is an important way to train innovative talents at this stage. In order to make better use of art education to cultivate the innovation ability of college students, this paper studied the art education and the cultivation of college students' innovation ability: first analyzed the deficiency in cultivating the innovation ability of college students, and then put forward some countermeasures for improving, to contribute to the cultivation of innovative talents in our country.
Exploration and Research on the Cultivation Mode of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Engineering Students in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Zuo Jing
Published: April 2018

Due to the difference of engineering and Humanities and social science professional personnel training, engineering students for the status of technology industry to understand deeply, but the lack of training and training in the humanities and business management capabilities, combined with engineering innovation and entrepreneurship education students teaching ability advantages and weak part, suggestions from the revision of personnel training for the cultivation of innovative talents mechanism, build innovation and entrepreneurship education curriculum education system, improve the innovative practice education system to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship training.
Research on the Adaptability of Rural Elderly People Moving to Urban Communities
Authors: Zhang Zhonglei , Jin Yu
Published: April 2018

In recent years, under the background that the country actively promotes population urbanization, a large number of young people migrate to cities and towns through employment or schooling and take root in the urban construction. However, the left-behind elderly people in rural areas are in a dilemma, and they will face many problems in their lives whether living in cities or staying behind, the quality of life is lowered generally. After going into the city, many elderly people in rural areas, due to their own physiological and psychological characteristics, do not adapt to living in urban areas, and the qualities of lives are not improved. By investigating the status quo of the elderly in rural areas migrating to urban areas, this paper analyses the reasons for and existing problems of migrating to urban areas and puts forward suggestions for improving community adaptability from the perspective of social work.
Research and Practice of Enterprise Management Mode in college classes
Authors: Zhang Chengyu
Published: April 2018

In recent years, along with the development of education reform, the educational concepts have been updated continuously and the new educational theory is perfecting step by step. The students that the teachers contact now are new-style students of great personalities and thoughts. The old nanny-style head teacher isn’t suitable in modern time anymore. Only constant learning, constant innovation and constant surpassing yourself can make the successors adapt to the modern society. As an organizer and director of the class, how does the head teacher implement the enterprise management mode in the class management as the quality educational theory updating continuously? This subject is based on the widely proposed "class management under enterprise mode" to rethink the new class management methods under the new situation through the research and practice in one`s own class and provide a new effective and feasible mode for the class management in the future.
Analysis on the Problems Existing in China's College Classes and Management Strategies
Authors: Wang Qingzheng , Shen Xiuxiu , Zhang Xinyang , Yang Jiaojiao , Xiang Ao Xiang Ao , Li Hui
Published: April 2018

Class is a place where all kinds of teaching activities are carried out and is a space where the teachers and students gather to study and grow up together. The scientific and reasonable college class management methods not only can effectively maintain the teaching order in class, but also can improve the students' learning initiative and increase the teaching efficiency, thus improving the quality of higher education. However, the situation of college class management is not optimistic at present. This paper is aimed at analyzing the problems existing in China's college classes and exploring the relevant solutions based on them to provide the reference for the quality of China's higher education.
Construction of Evaluation Model of Dynamic Stratified Grade Point of Automobile Electrical System Diagnosis Course
Authors: Wang Fang , Lu Jingbing , Diao Weiqin
Published: April 2018

The accurate evaluation of a course determines the quality of learning and is the basis for evaluating the students' academic achievements. This paper, on the theoretical basis of grade point, builds a dynamic stratified GPA (Grade Point Average) evaluation model for the course Automotive Electrical System Diagnosis, focuses on the whole process assessment and aims to stimulate the enthusiasm of learning to meet the demands of the training of social skilled talents.
Research on Internal Control of JK Restaurant Company
Authors: Wang Yan'guang
Published: April 2018

With the steady growth of the national economy, people's income level is higher and higher, and consumers are willing to spend more money to enjoy material life. A large number of overseas catering enterprises has flooded into China's market, which has brought unprecedented competitive pressure, and also made the catering enterprises in China realize their shortcomings. This paper takes JK Restaurant company as an example to study the internal control.
Analysis of Engine Exhaust Pressure Wave Performance
Authors: Wu Yang , Ma He
Published: April 2018

By analyzing the form of pressure wave within automotive exhaust system and relationship between propagation process and working condition of engine, simulate a work cycle for purpose of timely diagnosing troubles, thus presenting exhaust stroke of four cylinders through pressure wave; modifying of the speed of engine will affect the amplitude of pressure wave, harmonic components, phase position and other parameters; at the end of the exhaust stroke, exhaust pressure wave generates interference, superposition and negative effect, which is of great importance for analysis and diagnosis of engine troubles by using exhaust pressure wave.
Research on Individualized Teaching in New Building Colleges
Authors: Zhang Min
Published: April 2018

With the rapid development of the network, more and more class-teaching is changing toward network teaching. The low intelligence and singularity of network teaching has prominent contradictions to personality development of students. The paper research theoretical model of individual network teaching and function of new model, which can be adapted to network teaching and provide basic ideas for network teaching of new building colleges.
Analysis on the Effective Application of VPN Technology in Hospital Information Construction
Authors: Jin Hui
Published: April 2018

With the rapid development of economic construction, constant improvement of economic level of china, all walks of life have technologically conducted in-depth study on related knowledge applied in their own areas. Among them, the application of relative technology as well as relative requirements in medical industry is also constantly improving. The application of emerging technology not only plays a significant role in the modernization development of hospital, but also is greatly significant on the improvement of medical quality. Therefore the key point of hospital development is how to use network technique to ensure the rapid, stable and safe operation of hospital's daily work. Starting from the information construction of hospital, this paper has made a discussion on the concept and advantages of VPN technology, and an analysis on the specific application of VPN technology in hospital. According to the discourse of the paper, it's possible to provide valuable references and suggestions for the application of VPN technology on the information construction of hospitals.
Work Trends in New Zealand
Authors: Krishnan Vasantha , Hunter Andrew , Goodger Kay
Published: April 2018

This paper presents some of the main findings from the Department of Statistics forthcoming publication New Zealand Social Trends - Work. This is the third report in the Social Trends series, the previous publications having focussed on Education and Income. The report identifies and describes major trends in work and the workforce in New Zealand during the post-war period. It is principally concerned with trends in aspects of the supply of labour
Unemployment Duration: Evidence from the Household Labour Force Survey
Authors: Grimmond David
Published: April 2018

Research on labour market dynamics in New Zealand has been limited mainly due to data limitations. The introduction of the quaterly Houshold Labour Force Survey (HLFS) in December 1985 has greatly increased information on the New Zealand labour market. In this study we propose to test for a relationship between unemployment duration and the ability for individuals to leave unemployment. For example, if the probability of leaving unemployment for a job declines that longer one has already been unemployed, then this could be taken as evidence in support of the Clark and Summers (1979) hypothesis that a concentrated group of persistently unemployed are a large proportion of unemployment. The evidence presented here supports this view, but doubt remains as no allowance is made for other influencing factors.
Who works at home?
Authors: Loveridge Alison
Published: April 2018

The proportion of work which is casual, part-time, self-employed or in some way insecure has increased during the 1980 s. Paid work carried out at home comes into many of these categories, and has been receiving attention because of the prevalence of low pay among home workers for the last 100 years. As consumer tastes change the actual work has changed, for example from making artificial flowers for hats to word processing. Allen and Wolkowitz (1987: 57) have argued that regardless of the task, working at home creates a situation where workers are vulnerable to exploitation. Contributing to this situation is the fact that they are isolated from other workers and may have taken this type of work because they have limited access to the job market.
The New Zealand Dairy Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Gibson Jocelyn
Published: April 2018

This paper reports the first part of a work for a masters thesis in Economics. The thesis is a qualitative case study of workplace changes in the New Zealand Dairy Manufacturing industry. As a work in progress report this paper describes the key changes in the industry and considers some of the issues which have arisen through the fieldwork.
Young People in the New Labour Relations Environment: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Hanna David , Peterson Debbie
Published: April 2018

This paper summarises the findings of a small survey of young workers carried out by the Ministry of Youth Affairs. The findings provide an interesting 'snapshot' of the experiences of a cross-section of young people working in the new industrial relations environment. The survey is exploratory in nature and is not statistically representative.
Penciptaan Seni Pertunjukan Berbasis Penelitian
Authors: Srinatih I Gusti Ayu
Published: April 2018

Abstract  In the discourse of performing art creations, there is an assumption that creating art works is not categorized as a scientific, based on a personal taste and instinctive. This article uses a qualitative research with the performing arts approach. By using ethnographic methods, this article focuses on the role of performers in the process of creating the performing arts. Data are collected through interviews, library research, and document studies. As an object of study, 5 (five) outstanding works will be discussed, namely: Terompong Beruk (1982), Bali Agung (2010), Ratricetana (2011), Terompong Beruk Bangkok (2015), and Stri Wiroda (2015). The results of this study indicate that the models of creative as parts of important processes in creating performances are diverse. Through researching creative processes of the works, performers can create new type of works that are different from others, and distinctive from previous works. The novelty of the creative processes contains the quality of aestethic in forms and contents, as well as their values and functions. Keywords: research, creative processes, new creations, performing arts. Abstrak Dalam pewacanaan hasil penciptaan seni pertunjukan, masih ada anggapan bahwa menciptakan karya seni itu sesuatu yang tidak ilmiah dan hanya berdasarkan selera dan insting belaka. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan seni pertunjukan, dengan menggunakan metode etnografi, dengan fokus pada pencipta/seniman seni pertunjukan. Data-data yang dikumpulkan didapat melalui observasi, wawancara, riset kepustakaan, dan studi dokumen. Sebagai objek kajian, akan dibahas 5 (lima) buah karya cipta  seni pertunjukan yang berbasis penelitian, yaitu: Terompong Beruk (1982), Bali Agung (2010), Ratricetana (2011), Terompong Beruk Bangkok (2015), dan Stri Wiroda (2015).  Adapun hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa model proses kreatif yang sangat penting dalam penciptaan seni pertunjukan itu sangat beragam. Melalui penelitian mengenai kajian proses kreatif tersebut dapat dihasilkan karya seni pertunjukan kreasi baru yang berbeda satu sama lain, dan berbeda dari proses kreatif karya sebelumnya. Nilai kebaruan proses kreatif itu mengandung keindahan bentuk dan isi, serta nilai dan fungsinya.   Kata-kata kunci: penelitian, proses kreatif, penciptaan, seni pertunjukan
Areas of Effectiveness of Defibrillating Pulse in the Energy/Phase Diagram for the Fibrillation Cycle on the Cardiomyocyte Model
Authors: Gorbunov Boris , Vostrikov Vyacheslav , Nesterenko Igor , Telyshev Dmitry
Published: April 2018

In the BeatBox simulation environment on the human heart ventricle myocyte model ten Tusscher-Panfilov 2006 the efficiency areas of the depolarizing defibrillation pulse in the energy/phase diagram for the fibrillation cycle are investigated. At any energy levels, the depolarizing pulse does not provide a long-term extension of refractoriness of all heart cardiomyocytes in different phases of the excitation wave cycle, but at a certain energy level, refractoriness is long-term extended in 90% of the cardiomyocytes in different phases of the fibrillation wave cycle. At high energy levels, the action of the depolarizing pulse leads to a one-time extension of the refractory period of cardiomyocytes to values exceeding the duration of the fibrillation wave period. Presumably long-term extension of refractoriness of cardiomiocites at low energy of depolarising pulse and one-time extension of refractoriness of all cardiomiocites at high energy of depolarising pulse are the mechanisms of defibrillation.