bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing City Resilience through Urban Agriculture: Challenges and Solutions in the Global North
Authors: Gulyas Boglarka Z. , Edmondson Jill L.
Published: January 2021

Cities, which now host the majority of the global population, are vulnerable to environmental and socio-economic disturbances, which are likely to increase in number and severity in the near future. Urban agriculture (UA) could help increase the resilience of cities to a range of pressures and acute shocks by improving food security and public health, building social capital, and promoting circular economies. However, comprehensive assessments of its potential are still lacking. Here, we use a systematic review of the literature on UA in the global North to identify factors that determine its success in providing resilience benefits, explore challenges that can limit this, and develop a conceptual model to highlight the ways in which it could be enhanced through research, policy, and practice. We define the success of UA in increasing city resilience as determined by five factors, which in turn depend on the amount of institutional and public support for UA, the presence of a sufficient knowledge base, communication and collaboration among different actors, and resourcefulness in finding alternative ways to use space and other resources efficiently. We close with a discussion of specific directions for research and practice based on the conceptual model developed here.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Surfaces in 2020
Authors:   Surfaces Editorial Office
Published: January 2021

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Surfaces maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
Numerical Solution for Crack Phenomenon in Dissimilar Materials under Various Mechanical Loadings
Authors: Hamzah Khairum Bin , Nik Long Nik Mohd Asri , Senu Norazak , Eshkuvatov Zainidin K.
Published: January 2021

A new mathematical model is developed for the analytical study of two cracks in the upper plane of dissimilar materials under various mechanical loadings, i.e., shear, normal, tearing and mixed stresses with different geometry conditions. This problem is developed into a new mathematical model of hypersingular integral equations (HSIEs) by using the modified complex potentials (MCPs) function and the continuity conditions of the resultant force and displacement with the crack opening displacement (COD) function as the unknown. The newly obtained mathematical model of HSIEs are solved numerically by utilizing the appropriate quadrature formulas. Numerical computations and graphical demonstrations are carried out to observe the profound effect of the elastic constants ratio, mode of stresses and geometry conditions on the dimensionless stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips.
Mixed Convection of Silica–Molybdenum Disulphide/Water Hybrid Nanoliquid over a Rough Sphere
Authors: Patil Prabhugouda M. , Shankar Hadapad F. , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: January 2021

A steady combined convective motion over a rough sphere with hybrid nanoparticles is analyzed. We have considered silica (SiO2) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoadditives which are added in H2O to form MoS2–SiO2/H2O hybrid nanoliquid. The partial differential equations describing the boundary layer flow characteristics are reduced into non-dimensional form with appropriate non-similar reduction. It should be noted that the governing equations have been written using the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. These considered equations allow simulating the analyzed phenomenon using numerical techniques. Implicit finite difference approximation and technique of Quasilinearization are utilized to work out the dimensionless control equations. The influence of various physical characteristics included in this challenge, such as the velocity fields and temperature patterns, is investigated. The study of border gradients is performed, which deals with the skin friction and energy transport strength. The plots of computational outcomes are considered, which ascertain that velocity distribution reduces, whilst coefficient of friction at the surface, energy transport strength and temperature distribution augment for enhancing values of hybrid nanofluid. For enhancing magnitude of combined convection parameter, dimensionless velocity distribution, surface drag coefficient and energy transport strength enhance, while temperature distribution diminishes. High impact of hybrid nanofluid on energy transport strength and the surface friction compared to the host liquid and mono nanofluid in presence/absence of surface roughness is shown. Velocity distribution enhances for rising values of velocity ratio parameter. Enhancing values of frequency parameter rise the friction at the surface and energy transport strength. It is also examined that the hybrid nanofluid has a maximum temperature for the blade-shaped nanoparticles and has a low temperature for the spherical-shaped nanoparticles.
The d-Dimensional Cosmological Constant and the Holographic Horizons
Authors: Yurov Artyom V. , Yurov Valerian A.
Published: January 2021

This article is dedicated to establishing a novel approach to the cosmological constant, in which it is treated as an eigenvalue of a certain Sturm–Liouville problem. The key to this approach lies in the proper formulation of physically relevant boundary conditions. Our suggestion in this regard is to utilize the “holographic boundary condition”, under which the cosmological horizon can only bear a natural (i.e., non-fractional) number of bits of information. Under this framework, we study the general d-dimensional problem and derive the general formula for the discrete spectrum of a positive energy density of vacuum. For the particular case of two dimensions, the resultant problem can be analytically solved in the degenerate hypergeometric functions, so it is possible to define explicitly a self-action potential, which determines the fields of matter in the model. We conclude the article by taking a look at the d-dimensional model of a fractal horizon, where the Bekenstein’s formula for the entropy gets replaced by the Barrow entropy. This gives us a chance to discuss a recently realized problem of possible existence of naked singularities in the D≠3 models.
An Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm with Random Evolution and Special Reinforcement Dual-Operation Strategy Collaboration
Authors: Jin Qibing , Xu Zhonghua , Cai Wu
Published: January 2021

In view of the slow convergence speed, difficulty of escaping from the local optimum, and difficulty maintaining the stability associated with the basic whale optimization algorithm (WOA), an improved WOA algorithm (REWOA) is proposed based on dual-operation strategy collaboration. Firstly, different evolutionary strategies are integrated into different dimensions of the algorithm structure to improve the convergence accuracy and the randomization operation of the random Gaussian distribution is used to increase the diversity of the population. Secondly, special reinforcements are made to the process involving whales searching for prey to enhance their exclusive exploration or exploitation capabilities, and a new skip step factor is proposed to enhance the optimizer’s ability to escape the local optimum. Finally, an adaptive weight factor is added to improve the stability of the algorithm and maintain a balance between exploration and exploitation. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed REWOA are verified with the benchmark functions and different experiments related to the identification of the Hammerstein model.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Systems in 2020
Authors:   Systems Editorial Office
Published: January 2021

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Systems maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
Virus Etiology, Diversity and Clinical Characteristics in South African Children Hospitalised with Gastroenteritis
Authors: Rossouw Esmari , Brauer Marieke , Meyer Pieter , du Plessis Nicolette M. , Avenant Theunis , Mans Janet
Published: January 2021

Background: Viral gastroenteritis remains a major cause of hospitalisation in young children. This study aimed to determine the distribution and diversity of enteric viruses in children ≤5 years, hospitalised with gastroenteritis at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, between July 2016 and December 2017. Methods: Stool specimens (n = 205) were screened for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus by multiplex RT-PCR. HIV exposure and FUT2 secretor status were evaluated. Secretor status was determined by FUT2 genotyping. Results: At least one gastroenteritis virus was detected in 47% (96/205) of children. Rotavirus predominated (46/205), followed by norovirus (32/205), adenovirus (15/205), sapovirus (9/205) and astrovirus (3/205). Norovirus genotypes GI.3, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.7, GII.12, GII.21, and rotavirus strains G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[4], G3P[8], G8P[4], G8P[6], G9P[6], G9P[8] and sapovirus genotypes GI.1, GI.2, GII.1, GII.4, GII.8 were detected; norovirus GII.4[P31] and rotavirus G3P[4] predominated. Asymptomatic norovirus infection (GI.3, GI.7, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13) was detected in 22% of 46 six-week follow up stools. HIV exposure (30%) was not associated with more frequent or severe viral gastroenteritis hospitalisations compared to unexposed children. Rotavirus preferentially infected secretor children (p = 0.143) and norovirus infected 78% secretors and 22% non-secretors. Conclusion: Rotavirus was still the leading cause of gastroenteritis hospitalisations, but norovirus caused more severe symptoms.
Potential Dual Role of West Nile Virus NS2B in Orchestrating NS3 Enzymatic Activity in Viral Replication
Authors: Tseng Alanna C. , Nerurkar Vivek R. , Neupane Kabi R. , Kae Helmut , Kaufusi Pakieli H.
Published: January 2021

West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) harbors the viral triphosphatase and helicase for viral RNA synthesis and, together with NS2B, constitutes the protease responsible for polyprotein processing. NS3 is a soluble protein, but it is localized to specialized compartments at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), where its enzymatic functions are essential for virus replication. However, the mechanistic details behind the recruitment of NS3 from the cytoplasm to the RER have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed immunofluorescence and biochemical assays to demonstrate that NS3, when expressed individually and when cleaved from the viral polyprotein, is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NS3 appeared to be peripherally recruited to the RER and proteolytically active when NS2B was provided in trans. Thus, we provide evidence for a potential additional role for NS2B in not only serving as the cofactor for the NS3 protease, but also in recruiting NS3 from the cytoplasm to the RER for proper enzymatic activity. Results from our study suggest that targeting the interaction between NS2B and NS3 in disrupting the NS3 ER localization may be an attractive avenue for antiviral drug discovery.
Effect of Shallow-Buried High-Intensity Mining on Soil Water Content in Ningtiaota Minefield
Authors: Cui Fan , Du Yunfei , Ni Jianyu , Zhao Zhirong , Peng Shiqi
Published: January 2021

Shallow-buried high-intensity mining (SHM) activities commonly in China’s western mining area will lead to the decrease of groundwater level and soil water content (SWC), which will aggravate the further deterioration of the local fragile ecological environment. In this study, the applicability and limitations of six typical soil dielectric models were comprehensively evaluated based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology and shallow drilling methods. Moreover, experiments were performed to test the variation of SWC in Ningtiaota minefield affected by the SHM. The results show that the fitting effect of the four empirical models and two semi-empirical models on the clay is better than that of the medium sand. Among the six models, the Ledieu model has the best performance for medium sand, and the Topp model for clay. After SHM, the shallow SWC decreases as a whole. The decreasing range is 4.37–15.84%, showing a gradual downward trend compared with the one before mining. The shorter the lagging working face distance, the greater the drop of SWC will be. The longer the lagging working face distance, the smaller the drop of SWC will be showing a gradual and stable trend.
Pollen Geochronology from the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the Last 500 Years
Authors: Christie Margaret , Bernhardt Christopher , Parnell Andrew , Shaw Timothy , Khan Nicole , Corbett D. , García-Artola Ane , Clear Jennifer , Walker Jennifer , Donnelly Jeffrey , Hasse Tobias , Horton Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Building robust age–depth models to understand climatic and geologic histories from coastal sedimentary archives often requires composite chronologies consisting of multi-proxy age markers. Pollen chronohorizons derived from a known change in vegetation are important for age–depth models, especially those with other sparse or imprecise age markers. However, the accuracy of pollen chronohorizons compared to other age markers and the impact of pollen chronohorizons on the precision of age–depth models, particularly in salt marsh environments, is poorly understood. Here, we combine new and published pollen data from eight coastal wetlands (salt marshes and mangroves) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States (U.S.) from Florida to Connecticut to define the age and uncertainty of 17 pollen chronohorizons. We found that 13 out of 17 pollen chronohorizons were consistent when compared to other age markers (radiocarbon, radionuclide 137Cs and pollution markers). Inconsistencies were likely related to the hyperlocality of pollen chronohorizons, mixing of salt marsh sediment, reworking of pollen from nearby tidal flats, misidentification of pollen signals, and inaccuracies in or misinterpretation of other age markers. Additionally, in a total of 24 models, including one or more pollen chronohorizons, increased precision (up to 41 years) or no change was found in 18 models.
On Neglecting Free-Stream Turbulence in Numerical Simulation of the Wind-Induced Bias of Snow Gauges
Authors: Cauteruccio Arianna , Colli Matteo , Lanza Luca
Published: January 2021

Numerical studies of the wind-induced bias of precipitation measurements assume that turbulence is generated by the interaction of the airflow with the gauge body, while steady and uniform free-stream conditions are imposed. However, wind is turbulent in nature due to the roughness of the site and the presence of obstacles, therefore precipitation gauges are immersed in a turbulent flow. Further to the turbulence generated by the flow-gauge interaction, we investigated the natural free-stream turbulence and its influence on precipitation measurement biases. Realistic turbulence intensity values at the gauge collector height were derived from 3D sonic anemometer measurements. Large Eddy Simulations of the turbulent flow around a chimney-shaped gauge were performed under uniform and turbulent free-stream conditions, using geometrical obstacles upstream of the gauge to provide the desired turbulence intensity. Catch ratios for dry snow particles were obtained using a Lagrangian particle tracking model, and the collection efficiency was calculated based on a suitable particle size distribution. The collection efficiency in turbulent conditions showed stronger undercatch at the investigated wind velocity and snowfall intensity below 10 mm h−1, demonstrating that adjustment curves based on the simplifying assumption of uniform free-stream conditions do not accurately portray the wind-induced bias of snow measurements.
Information technology development trends in the Russian Federation and Europe and their impact on the competitiveness of countries
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, LEBEDYUK Tatyana Nazarovna
Published: January 2021

The last decade has been marked by an increase in investment in information and communication technologies (ICT). Of course, such investments could not pass without a trace; a large number of studies of the economic impact of ICT on the economies of different countries of the world have appeared. ICTs blur boundaries, facilitate transactions and information exchange. They are transforming societies and spurring global economic growth, influencing both macro and microeconomic levels. ICT influences growth through several mechanisms. The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the sector of information and communication technologies in the modern economy of Europe and Russia. The mechanism of its influence on economic growth in developed and developing countries and increasing the efficiency of providing services in the social sphere in developing countries is shown. This study showed that European countries, which are also the most competitive, lead in the use and adoption of ICT when it comes to companies that invest heavily in ICT development. But the development of ICT in Russia requires serious investments. An important stage in the growth of the economy thanks to information technology is the drafting and implementation of programs to manage the benefits of digitalization at the state level.
the Penggunaan Prinsip Konstitutif Pada Merek Dalam Perspektif Teori Pelindungan dan Tujuan Hukum
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana -
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the use of constitutive principles (first to file) on brands based on Act No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications in the perspective of protection theory and legal purposes. Research methods used: normative juridical approach, by examining library materials or secondary data through primary legal materials (legislation), secondary legal materials (opinions of legal experts), and tertiary legal materials (dictionaries and other sources); descriptive analysis research specifications; and data analysis is done in a qualitative normative manner. The results of the study showed: (1). The theory of protection that is in accordance with the basis for consideration is issued Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning brands in point a is Public Benefit and Economic Growth Stimulus Theory. But in its implementation, it must be supported by other brands of legal protection theory, namely Reward Theory; Recovery Theory; Incentive Theory; and Risk Theory. (2). The use of constitutive principles (first to file) in brands reflects the legal objectives of "certainty" and means of social change but does not pay much attention to aspects of "fairness" and expediency. "
A AKIBAT HUKUM PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN BILATERAL TERKAIT PINJAMAN KEPADA CHINA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Lubis Tri Murti
Published: January 2021

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) project initiated by the Chinese Government has gripped countries in the international community. Especially to Southeast Asia, where Malaysia and Indonesia are borrowing countries to China. Replacement of government in Malaysia related to corruption cases 1 MDB, resulting in changes in government policy Malaysia. The cancellation basis, because all the raw materials or the materials used are from China following also engineers and unskilled laborers, thus causing a massive migration from China to Malaysia. In the case of this cancellation, of course, the legal consequences for Malaysia as a borrowing country and China as a lending country. Unlike Indonesia, which until now, it is known that the Indonesian Government has established bilateral relations with the Chinese Government in terms of infrastructure development, such as: toll road and airport in Indonesia. The main problem in this study, namely if this bilateral dispute is brought to the International Court of Justice, is the mechanism for executing an international court decision to be issued later.
IMPLIKASI COVID -19 TERHADAP KESADARAN HUKUM BERLALU LINTAS DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Indra Muchlis, Syarifuddin Fitri Wahyuni,
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 as a global pandemic has significance for various aspects of the life of society, nation and state. Of the various aspects affected, one of which is the legal aspect, especially related to the awareness of traffic laws during the Covid 19 period. In this study the main problems are (1) What are the implications of Covid-19 on traffic law awareness in Indragiri Hilir Regency (2) ) What efforts did the police make to overcome the low level of legal awareness during the Covid-19 period in Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research is a sociological legal research that examines the applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. Data collection techniques are through field observations and interviews with respondents. The occurrence of covid 19 had an impact on the awareness of traffic laws in Indragi Hilir Regency. This is evident from the results of research conducted by field researchers that there were many traffic violations during the Covid 19 period because the motorcycle riders thought that there was tolerance from law enforcement officers in making repressive efforts (prosecution) for those who violated traffic rules. During the Covid 19 era, people paid more attention to health protocols than road traffic rules, such as they were more afraid of not wearing masks than not wearing helmets on the road while driving a motorcycle. This assumption clearly shows that the level of legal awareness in road traffic is still low. Efforts are made to increase legal awareness through prevention and enforcement efforts. Prevention efforts are more advanced than prosecution during the Covid 19 period
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF REGIONS AND MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Yakovenko Nataliya , Ten R.
Published: January 2021

One of the main internal challenges that hinder the sustainable development of Russia's regions and the transition of its economy to a new technological order is territorial social and economic differentiation. The article analyzes methodological approaches to assessing the territorial differentiation of the social and economic system of regions and municipalities. The main approaches presented in the social and economic literature have been revealed. The assessment methods used by domestic and foreign scientists are presented and critically analyzed. It is revealed that among the authors of scientific works there is still no consensus not only on the theoretical aspects, but also on the methodological issues of the procedure for assessing territorial differentiation. The systematization of the approaches and tools used by scientists from different countries has been carried out. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations for the practical application of the selected methodological approaches have been indicated. It is shown that each of the presented approaches is a basic principle when conducting territorial differentiation. Depending on the tasks set, the choice of methodological assessment approaches may vary. Clarification of existing and development of new methods for assessing sustainable socio-economic development of municipalities is the first step in creating targeted programmes to equalize territorial disparities of development in Russia.
RANKING OF STRATEGIC ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE PURPOSES OF ANALYTICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Morkovina Svetlana , Voronina S. , Voykova A.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the methods of strategic analysis used in analytical practice. It was found that there is no unified methodology for conducting a strategic analysis of the development of an organization, the plurality of existing methods and techniques will not allow a priori to give preference to one of them. The four most used in strategic analysis methods of SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, SNW analysis and industry analysis according to M. Porter's model of five forces, as well as matrix analysis methods, the most popular of which are the BCG matrix, the SPACE matrix, the ICC matrix, Matrix Shel. Comparative analysis of the methods of strategic analysis of the organization on the basis of highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, showed that each of them has a number of advantages, but is not devoid of visible disadvantages. To prioritize and form practice-oriented techniques, expert assessments and their ranking were carried out on the principles of simplicity of the technique, the complexity of conclusions, the scale of application and the complexity of development and application. It was found that SWOT analysis and PEST analysis methods, mission matrix and key competencies are most consistent with the principles of simplicity in implementation, complexity, universality and reliability of assessing the strategic development of an organization. It is advisable to use these methods as analytical tools in planning and managing the strategic development of an organization.
IMPROVING THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Stepanycheva E. , Yakovleva L.
Published: January 2021

Currently, the staff is the most valuable resource of any organization, so the success of its activities depends on the quality of human resources. One of the fundamental criteria for the quality of human resources is the compliance of personnel competencies (both personal and professional), the requirements of the employer and the content of labor functions implemented within the framework of the position. Such compliance is primarily achieved by organizing a competent approach to the recruitment procedure. Today, many companies seek to independently select employees, which requires certain knowledge in this area. In domestic conditions, in contrast to the established foreign practice, the formation and implementation of the recruitment process is complicated by the lack of practical experience of companies in this area, insufficient elaboration of recruitment mechanisms, the desire to copy foreign experience in this area without taking into account Russian characteristics. The article clarifies the concept of personnel selection, analyzes the process of personnel selection, approaches to personnel selection, criteria and sources of personnel selection that form the preferences of foreign and domestic employers, analyzes the process of personnel selection of an industrial enterprise and suggests ways to improve it.
REGIONAL PRIORITIES OF NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICIES
Authors: Yakovleva E.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the dynamics of their growth based on the results of the analysis of the main indicators of industrial development in the Voronezh region. At the same time, regional growth rates exceed the national ones. On the basis of the revealed trend, a conclusion was made about the effective implementation of the regional industrial policy. The intensification of activities in the field of industrial modernization in the region reflects the ongoing industrial policy. It has been determined that favorable conditions for conducting industrial and production activities and the investment attractiveness of a region depend on a systematic approach to the development of industrial clusters, territories of advanced socio-economic development, techno- and industrial parks. The components of the prospects for the high-tech industrial complex, the key directions for improving the regional industrial policy, namely, regulatory and organizational support, the implementation of regional programs and federal projects, and cooperation with business structures have been determined. A special economic zone of industrial-production type on an innovative basis contributes to import substitution and the creation of new types of industrial products. The distribution of regions according to different levels of industrial development in Russia indicates the need to solve the problems of effective spatial planning and placement of productive forces in the country, the use of selective management of the country's spatial development. An important influence on the economic development of the country's regions is exerted by the content of the regional industrial policy and the ways of its implementation.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PARTICIPATION OF STATE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM «DIGITAL ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION»
Authors: Kolesnichenko Elena , Kostylev A.
Published: January 2021

Today, the Russian economy is gradually shifting to an innovative development path. The need for modernization is explained by the depletion of traditional resources and the globalization of scientific and technological progress. Domestic production is under strong pressure on the domestic market, because cheaper imported goods attract a significant portion of consumers. The current situation requires rapid changes in the production environment by stepping up the development of technological developments. The development of innovative processes is one of the most effective ways to achieve sustainable economic growth, improve social and competition policy. The place of the Russian Federation in the world community directly depends on the results of the production of high technology products.

In these conditions, new forms and methods are required to ensure the flow of long-term investment resources into the economy. The pooling of public resources and the financial capabilities of private enterprises will solve the problem of investing in new innovative projects. Development institutions are one of such super-effective mechanisms contributing to the solution of this problem.
IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Kostylev A. , Lyahina A.
Published: January 2021

The article includes an analysis of the concept of labor productivity, its characteristics and factors that have a direct impact on it. Studies of the influence of various factors on labor productivity, identifying the most promising for use, taking into account the specifics of the state of the industry. Study of the main national projects affecting this issue. Analysis of the state of the industry in the Russian Federation. Studying the features of digital transformation, ways of its application and efficiency in enterprises. Development of a model for implementing digital transformation in an organization with the greatest efficiency to increase ore productivity, a description of system implementation. Assessment of the company's prospects and its current state, readiness for digital transformation, as well as audit and verification of the availability of the necessary resources. The digital transformation of control includes the automation of process control systems. Identification of the three main blocks of implementation. Digital transformation of production includes production automation, replacement of outdated equipment with new ones. The digital transformation of office work includes digitization and the use of special programs, settlement systems. For effective implementation of digital transformation, a necessary element is the creation of a roadmap. At the final stage of the study, the problems arising during the digital transformation of enterprises and the ways of solving them are identified.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS IN BUSINESS
Authors: Androsova I.
Published: January 2021

The research is aimed at generalizing various classification approaches of integration associations in business on the basis of a literature review. The purpose of this article is to form the author's position on the classification of integration associations at the level of business structures. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are formulated: to comprehensively consider the phenomenon that formalizes the idea of business integration; to determine the target characteristics of the integration of business structures; to generalize approaches to the classification of integration associations in business; determine the prospects for the use of various forms of integration associations. The study uses a set of general logical methods of cognition: dialectical, systemic, generalizations, comparative analysis; methods of analysis of scientific literature. The main results presented in the study are the following: the author's interpretation of the term "integration" at the level of the business structure is given; the target integrations of business structures (motives, potential participants, relationships, possible forms of integration associations) are formulated and presented in the form of a scheme; According to the author, the most significant approaches to the classification of integration associations in business are systematized; a comparative characteristic of organizational forms of business integration is carried out, confirmed by practical examples. The main conclusion of the study is that the modern period of development is characterized by a variety of integration processes and relationships, so the choice of one or another form of integration association depends on the goals, motives, scope of activity, level of financial and economic development of potential integration participants.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Serebryakova N. , Dorohova N. , Isaenko M.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of eco-tourism in the Russian Federation. The potential for the development of eco-tourism in Russia, which has many natural objects of interest to tourists, is highly appreciated. A number of factors hindering the development of this type of tourism are identified, including: insignificant information support and promotion of Russia as a place suitable for tourist recreation, including nature-oriented, in foreign markets; unfavorable visa regime for tourists, which makes it much more difficult for foreign citizens to visit Russia; undeveloped tourist infrastructure; low level of service, mismatch of prices for offered tourist goods and services to their quality; low level of development of transport infrastructure, high degree of deterioration of the transport base and lack of comfortable tourist vehicles. Ways to reduce the negative impact of these factors on the development of eco-tourism in the Russian Federation are proposed. It is proved that these factors should be leveled not only by the enterprises of the tourism industry, but also by the state through the implementation of various state programs, as well as creating conditions for attracting foreign investment, primarily by improving the organizational conditions of tourism activities.
The Greatness of Nalangilli, A Chola King in Purananuru – A Review
Authors: V Renuka
Published: January 2021

Chola kings of Sangam period are so great among the Chera, Chola, Pandiya kings, Vēlir (Heads of small territory) and philanthropists of Puranānūru. Their reigns seems to include the special features of modern democracy. They reformed the forests, improved the water resources and gave a good governance to the citizens. So, they were praised as “the kings of water resources”, “possessors of paddy”, “Chola kingdom has abundance of rice” etc., relating to the richness of their country. As they nipped the enemies in the bud it self they were called ‘killi’; ‘chenni’ as they had the leadership qualities and ‘Valaran’, as they ruled an opulent country. To know the greatness of Chola kings in total, Cholan Nalangilli has been chosen, whose dignity has been sung in fourteen poems in Puranānūru. This is like testing with a single cooked rice, the fitness condition of the entire pot. Bringing out the facts about the rule of Cholas, their charity, sympathy, valour, bravery, administrative skills, patronage etc., are the objectives of the paper.
Feminity Adored by Kambar
Authors: M Kavitha Devi
Published: January 2021

All of Kambar’s feminine characters were created on the basis of moral ethics. The purpose of this research paper is to highlight the high attributes of women like love, affection, division, chastity and sacrifice. This epic mentions about three less spoken women- Kosalai, Sumitrai and Mandotharai. The similarity is that these women are shown as substandard women, which still stands as an acceptable cultural standard for the women of the the present world.
New Fixed Point Results for Generalized Θ-Contraction in Extended 𝐆𝐛-Metric Spaces with an Application
Authors: Z Sumaiya Tasneem , G Kalpana , ABDELJAWAD Thabet
Published: January 2021

Through this work, we analyze the structure of extended Gb-metric spaces and show a fundamental lemma for sequence convergence within the same metric. We also propose the new notion of generalized geraghty type Θ-berinde contraction mappings and demonstrate several fixed point theorems for these mappingsin the sense of extended Gb-metric spaces. Eventually, the existence result for solutions of a Fredholm integral equation is furnished to show the efficacy of the technique developed.
THE PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY ITS CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Awais , Afghan Shahid
Published: January 2021

The small sugar industry can afford to idle along using Research and development (R & D) produced (and paid for) by other sugar industries but when it is big with world standards it's a different matter. This study was important because Pakistan is 5th largest producer of sugarcane but it still lacks major advancement in production and marketing. The largest producers are Brazil, India, Thailand, China, and Pakistan accounting for more than 70% of world production. Brazil has the highest area (5.34 million hectares) while Australia has the highest productivity a n d s u g a r c a n e y i e l d (85 tons per hectare). Sugarcane is the second largest cash crop of Pakistan and is being cultivated on 1.06 million hectares with 55 t ha cane yield and sugar yield of 5.5 t ha, contributing around 3.6 % of Gross domestic production. The installed capacity of 85 sugar factories is to produce 7.5 million tons of refined sugar and domestic demand is around 4.5 million tons. This shows it’s export potential of 3.5 million tons, annually.
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUGAR BEET: A REVIEW
Authors: Mahapatra Chandan Kumar , Bhadra Tamalika , Paul Swapan Kumar
Published: January 2021

Sugar is an important source of energy for the human body although it receives blame for many health problems, without it, the body would cease to function properly. Nearby thirty percent of the world sugar comes from sugar beet. Production of sugar beet globally spans diverse regions with a wide range of climatic and agro-ecological regions which shows exclusive management challenges. Fertilizer or nutrient management is one of the practices that associate with fertilizer use efficiency and production of the crops including sugar beet. As the nutrient management interacts with different agro-ecological areas and soils, the fertilizer recommendations and management have become regional and site-specific. Maximizing beet and sugar yields, the knowledge of the management of the fertilizers or nutrition is very essential. This article is to understand the impact of different fertilizers in different management practices including the major nutrients of the crop, fertilizer rate, timing, and method of application either solely or in a mixture or integrated manner with reviewing diverse research experiments. Moreover, it will help to approach future strategies and needs for making the production of sugar beet as a cost-effective crop with new improving management technologies for the farmers.
ADVANTAGES OF SCREENING IMBIBITION JUICES
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Iqbal
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, all imbibition juices were screened through perforated sheets and cush cush was conveyed by scraper conveyor cum elevator ahead of mill # 2 in the tandem. With the introduction of DSM screens for the screening of mixed juice, the screening of imbibition juices was also discontinued and these juices were pumped directly along with cush cush through chockless pumps. At Shahtaj, we started screening of imbibition juices which proved to be a great success. In this case study, the advantages / benefits of new adopted system shall be discussed.
DRINKING LIQUOR CRIME IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: LEGAL ANALYSIS ON LIQUOR INTERPRETATION AND STANDARD LIMIT OF ALCOHOL CONTENT
Authors: Haji Hirmond Ummi Amnah , Haqqi Hj. Abdurrahman Raden Aji
Published: January 2021

The enforcement of the Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013 brought major changes in the criminal law of drinking liquor in Brunei Darussalam with the increase in provisions related to it together with increased rates of fine and additional whipping. The absence of interpretation in relation to the provisions of drinking liquor in the Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013 opens up space to various interpretations and assumptions in regard to the element within the proof of offence. The objective of the study is to analyse the provisions of drinking liquor offenses and related thereto, thus showing the current development of the shariah criminal law and the extent to which its implementation has therefore clarified the need for a more specific and clear definition. The methodology used is a legal study with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from documentation materials through library-based methods, statute content analysis, journals, articles, case reports, research on investigation papers, and interview methods. The findings showed a difference in liquor interpretation among the scholars of the sects and not explicitly interpreted in shariah criminal law in comparison to the civil criminal law which gives interpretations with a different standard limit of alcohol content. The lack of interpretation of drinking liquor and the difference in the standard limit of alcohol content in the legislation may cause confusion among the practitioners and in determining the element of proof of the crime, thus possibly affecting the proof of the case. The loopholes found in the law need to be given appropriate attention and amendments so that the implementation of this criminal law is more effective. With specific improvement and explanation, the enactment and enforcement of this law are not wasted in responding to the religious demands and government aspirations to combat the crime.
DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL REGULATION IN EUROPE AND ASIA COUNTRIES
Authors: Yusoff Noraniza
Published: January 2021

Development in the world can be influenced through several mediums such as interaction with policymakers, international aid programs, and international regulations. The compliance of countries in the world with international rules can reduce the negative impact on development in the countries. The question of regulatory failure highly occurred in less developed countries associated with imperfect regulatory models. In addition, coordination of the development sector in the aspects of human morality related to regulation can help overcome the problem of poverty and is a meso approach focused globally as well as on individual companies. Therefore, this concept paper aims to analyse global development and regulation in European and Asian countries. Research shows that there are various solutions to regulatory capability problems experienced by developing countries such as code and standard implementation incentives during market pressures and voluntary schemes to provide reliable and standardized information. Thus, the government plays a role in establishing social goals, focusing on the freedom of civil society, planning and governing the country, enhancing the progress of the country, and producing effective rules. Regulation in administration and development has an important impact on administrative and development procedures because regulation can be defined as effective once the desired effect has been achieved as well as the general interest that creating the desired regulation and function regulatory. In addition, rights-based human resource management can create redistribution and development in the dual economy which causes the rules of consumption to produce rent that can finance the allocation of labour for resource-free production.
RIGHT OF ACCESS ON UNDERGROUND LAND DEVELOPMENT: GUIDANCE FROM SINGAPORE AND AUSTRALIA
Authors: Abdul Jalil Najah Inani , Mohd Arshad ‘Ain Husna
Published: January 2021

In 1990, the creation of underground land is created in the National Land Code. The scarcity of land especially in urban areas has pushed the traditional horizontal land development into vertical land development. Apart from transportation purposes, it is suitable for recreational, storage, and service utility purposes. Within this development, it attracts questions such as how to reconcile the right of surface and underground landowners as the law has allowed the ownership of underground land to be independent and separate from the surface owner. In governing the relationship between the surface and the underground landowners, the provision of access, support, and protection are regulated under the express condition in the document of title. This paper explores the concept of the right of support in Malaysia and the requirement for its application. This paper uses the doctrinal method where statutory provisions, cases, legal articles are examined. In discussing this topic, the practice in Singapore and Australia is compared, and it is suggested in regulating the relationship between surface and underground landowners, the creation of easement to be adopted with the compensation to be awarded to the burdened land.
ELECTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Mohd Anuar Haslinda
Published: January 2021

The spread of Covid-19 requires a new norm in all aspects of life. To a democratic country, the conduct of an election is a must to ensure the system is in line with the rule of law. Malaysia announced her ‘lockdown’ on 18th March 2020 after the increase in the numbers of Covid-19 positive cases. Since then, three elections have been conducted. This paper aims to explore the constitutional provisions relating to elections and study the methods elections been conducted during the pandemic. To curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus, suggestions are made to tighten the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and the last straw of proclaiming emergency. In conclusion, the constitutional provisions must be strictly complied with and cooperation from all walks of life is important to combat the pandemic.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Mohd Noor Noor Farihah
Published: January 2021

Freedom of speech has always been debated as critical. A lot of people misconceived them as total rights which permits them to exercise them without limitations. Many have exceeded the limit by expressing themselves inappropriately. Freedom of speech is important to maintain human dignity. But some quarters have misunderstood it so much so that this right has been distorted and deformed to suit some private agenda. There has been prosecution made under the anti-fake news law relating to the dissemination of Covid 19 news to instil panic in the people. This paper is important as it provides some insights on how laws are made to restrict freedom and how such rights should be exercised with responsibility and accountability to bring about overall peace and harmony.