bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of “scientific revolutions” in the Geoecology knowledge system
Authors: Turkov Sergey
Published: September 2020

The current situation in the field of information support for solving the problem of sustainable development of regions, using the example and in the appendix to the “meta-knowledge” of Geoecology is examined in the paper. The purpose of the research is to develop “human-machine” systems for making optimal management decisions (strategic management of the processes of sustainable development of territories at the regional level). The object of research is active, including “conservative” and “dissipative”, complex organized systems of the class “nature-society”. The starting points of the methodology and management theory are the following concepts: the unified Field Theory (the end of the XX century), the theory new “scientific revolutions” (T. Kuhn, 1962), the “Concept of sustainable development” of regions (UN, 1993) and the “new theory of entropy” (A. N. Panchenkov, 1999). The leading scientific methods: “noosphere” theory (E. Le Roy and P. T. Chardin, 1927; Vernadsky V. I., 1933) and the approach of “geosystem” (F. Capra, 1991). The results of the research and their significance for the theory and practice of strategic management of territories at the global, regional and local levels of the planet’s organization lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to move from differentiation of all available knowledge about Nature and Society (“mechanistic” thinking; object-oriented approach) to their full integration (“noospheric” thinking; normative approach). In the future, this will allow us to begin practical implementation of the development of Russia and the world based on the strategy and Concept of “noocracy”.
On the geological and economic assessment of the Lower Amur region (Russia)
Authors: Kryukov Viktor , Kradenykh Irina
Published: September 2020

The development of regional economy is based on medium and long-term strategies (programs) for economic industrialization. These documents are of a sectoral or integrated nature. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Kamchatka Territory have a scientifically substantiated strategy for the development of the mining industry. Despite its absence in Khabarovsk Territory, subsoil use in recent years has shown a steady growth in mining. The main volume of income comes from gold mining mainly in the northern and central parts of the region. Over the past 10 years, the most economically advantageous and geographically accessible minerals have been identified in the region. These include: coal, gold, platinum, tin, construction materials, groundwater. In the future, it is necessary to plan the development of copper-porphyry, alunite and polymetallic fields. The issues of increasing the resource base of liquid and strategic metals, formation of infrastructure, complexity of the use of mineral wealth and rational use of mineral resources remain problematic. A positive solution to problems is possible when developing and implementing an industry strategy. The basis for its formation is the geological and economic assessment of particular territories of the region.
Modern aspects of disturbed land reclamation
Authors: Antoninova Natalia , Shubina Lyubov , Sobenin Artem , Usmanov Albert
Published: September 2020

The urgency of solving environmental problems of disturbed territories is obvious in connection with the accumulation of a huge amount of waste from mining and metallurgical industries, deposited in slime and tailings dumps, overburden dumps, slags and substandard raw materials. Environmental rehabilitation of such territories is determined by both the possible long-term existence of such objects and the prospect of their reuse. In this regard, the use of new geosynthetic materials, the most promising and effective method of restoring ecological characteristics of the areas of violations of land, based on the implementation of the principle of least possible scope of application of topsoil and vegetation established, carrying out sanitary-hygienic function, contributes to the improvement of the environment in the areas of enterprise functioning. The article presents the results of applied research on the reclamation of the horizon the shortage of topsoil, or when you use the fertile layer, exposed to long-term storage in dumps. And the planting of grass vegetation on the recultivated surface that corresponds to the regional nature of environmental optimization measures, taking into account zonal features, will ensure the creation of sod that stops the processes of deflation and water erosion.
Strategic positioning of the Russian Far East gold mining industry
Authors: Sobolev Aleksei , Gibson Peter , Sekisov Gennadei , Andriushenko Anton
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this paper is to investigate internal and external factors influencing the gold mining in Russian Far East. Justification of the methodological and practical recommendations as well as effective strategies which in full measure correspond to the range of economic and technical factors aimed to increase the effectiveness of gold mining industry in Russia are presented. In this paper, we analysed the current state and main development trends, identified strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, as well as opportunities and threats of the external environment for the gold mining enterprises based on SWOT analysis. Based on the analysis identified directions of production strategies improvements, sound strategic response and strategic management mechanisms to mitigate the challenges of current times. Their implementation will allow companies using the strengths to reduce the negative impact of weaknesses and prevent key threats, that will significantly increase the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the Russian gold mining industry.
Identification of geodynamic movements based on the results of geodetic monitoring measurements
Authors: Panzhin Andrey
Published: September 2020

The methodology and results of an experimental study of modern geodynamic movements using the data from geodetic deformation monitoring are presented. The related issues of modeling natural, anthropogenic, and ecological systems are considered. A technique for visualizing geodynamic movements based on the results of cyclic geodetic measurements, which allows to reasonably identify active geological structures, blocks, tectonic faults, is presented. It is shown that as a key source of information on geodynamic movements over large spatio-temporal intervals, it is advisable to use not the absolute values of the vectors of displacement of observation points, but their velocities, normalized to the annual cycle. It is indicated that an important characteristic of the vector field of geodynamic movements is divergence, which characterizes the degree of convergence or divergence of the vector flow.
Numerical simulation study on rheological failure characteristics of rock mass under high stress
Authors: Qiu Liming , He Xueqiu , Song Dazhao , Li Zhenlei
Published: September 2020

This paper uses the RFPA numerical simulation software to establish a numerical model of the rheological failure of the rock mass under stress. Rheological failure characteristics of the body was researched, and the results shows: (1) The rupture sequence of rock rupture is from the corner to the middle. When the rock loses stability under pressure, the rock often ruptures from the corner. The corner gradually collapses and cracks. Then the cracks spread to the middle of the rock. Many cracks extending from the corners are in the rock. The central part intersects each other and eventually causes the rock to break. (2) Rock samples of different lithologies have different stress values when they break under the same confining pressure. From the experimental process, we know that granite>sandstone>mudstone. Therefore, the higher the strength of the rock, the harder the rock will be broken. (3) The weaker the plasticity at rupture, the stronger the brittleness and the stronger the sudden change of rupture. In the deep mining process, the greater the confining pressure, the more obvious the rheological characteristics of the rock, and the greater the total energy released during the rock failure process.
Prediction of the spatial variability of coal-bearing rocks at the Elginsky coal mine
Authors: Malinin Yuri , Grib Nikolai , Kuznetsov Pavel , Ze Zhang
Published: September 2020

The article presents a brief analysis of the key methods used for spatial modelling of mining and geological indicators describing the composition, structure and state of rock deposits. The main limitations of the analysed methods when applied under real conditions are outlined. It is proposed to overcome these limitations using Markov nonlinear algorithms. By applying the principles of multi-dimensional Markov modelling to a geological object, interval types were determined for modelling mining and geological parameters of the Elginsky coal mine. As an example, the article presents the results of predicting the ash content for the U5 section of the Elginsky coal mine on the basis of one of the cross-sections of the developed three-dimensional model.
Design of a new-generation seismic-acoustic monitoring information and analytical system
Authors: Gladyr Andrei
Published: September 2020

The analysis of the existing approach to the development of an information and analytical system for seismic-acoustic monitoring is carried out. An approach to the development of a new generation system based on modern information technologies is proposed. The advantages of developing a system based on a universal technological platform are considered.
Representation of the process of sudden outbursts of coal and gas using a knowledge graph
Authors: Osipova Irina , Gospodinova Veselina
Published: September 2020

In the process of developing a coal deposit, significant amounts of data and extensive knowledge about the object of operation are accumulated. This data and knowledge may not be structured, not reliable, contradictory. In turn, for the further conduct of the entire complex of mining operations and the development of a coal mining enterprise, structured and reliable data and knowledge are needed. The aim of the study is to propose structuring knowledge about the process of sudden outbursts of coal and gas by presenting knowledge about the subject of research in the form of an elementary knowledge graph. The study is based on an ontological approach to solving the issue of safe mining, namely, to study the problem of sudden emissions of coal and gas from the standpoint of the fact that the release is considered before it has occurred. To solve the existing problem, it is proposed to create an elementary knowledge graph that takes into account geological, hydrogeological, geophysical, mining information about the subsoil use object, as well as geomechanical and geodynamic processes, and physicochemical mass transfer processes occurring in the coal seam and the accumulated experience and knowledge of miners using methods Data mining. As a result of the study, we can conclude that it is necessary to create a network of elementary knowledge graphs, and use other methods of knowledge extraction. For further analysis and refinement of data and knowledge about the process of sudden coal and gas emissions.
Neutron transmission measurements at nELBE
Authors: Junghans Arnd , Beyer Roland , ClauBner Jürgen , Kögler Toni , Urlass Sebastian , Bemmerer Daniel , Ferrari Anna , Schwengner Ronald , Wagner Andreas , Dietz Mirco , Frotscher Axel , Grieger Marcel , Hensel Thomas , Koppitz Martina , Ludwig Felix , Turkat Steffen , Nolte Ralf , Pirovano Elisa , Kopecky Stefan , Nyman Markus , Plompen Arjan , Schillebeeckx Peter , Borris Erik , Reifarth René , Veltum Daniel , Weigand Mario , Glorius Jan , Görres Joachim , Oberlack Uwe , Wenz Daniel
Published: September 2020

Neutron total cross sections are an important source of experimental data in the evaluation of neutron-induced cross sections. The sum of all neutron-induced reaction cross sections can be determined with a precision of a few per cent in a relative measurement. The neutron spectrum of the photoneutron source nELBE extends in the fast region from about 100 keV to 10 MeV and has favourable conditions for transmission measurements due to the low instantaneous flux of neutrons and low gamma-flash background. Several materials of interest (in part included in the CIELO evaluation or on the HPRL of OECD/NEA) have been investigated: 197Au [1, 2], natFe [2], natW [2], 238U, natPt, 4He, natO, natNe, natXe. For gaseous targets high pressure gas cells with flat end-caps have been built that hold up to 200 bar pressure. The experimental setup will be presented including results from several transmission experiments and the data analysis leading to the total cross sections will be discussed.
Measurement of (n, f) and (n, xn) cross sections with surrogate reaction method
Authors: Ma Nanru , Lin Chengjian , Jia Huiming , Xu Xinxing , Yang Feng , Yang Lei , Sun Lijie , Wang Dongxi , Zhang Huanqiao , Liu Zuhua
Published: September 2020

Surrogate reaction method is an important approach to overcome the difficulties meet in the direct measurement of neutron induced nuclear reaction. The current existing surrogate reactions generally employ the peripheral reactions such as inelastic excitation and transfer reaction where the involved angular momenta are much larger than the neutron capture reaction, which causes a difficulty in theoretical correction of spin of compound nucleus. We proposed to use capture reaction of light charged particle as the surrogate reaction, thus the spin distributions of compound nucleus in two reactions are quite similar and therefore the spin correction is not strongly desired. Based on this idea, the 239Pu(n, f) and (n, 2n) cross sections were successfully extracted by using 236U(α,, f) and (α, 2n) reactions as the surrogate reactions. The well coincidence of the present results with the data of ENDFB7 within the error bars shows the reliability of the proposed surrogate capture reaction method.
Photonuclear reaction study with the (p, γ) resonance γ-source
Authors: He Chuangye , Dang Yongle , Liu Fulong , Fu Guangyong , Wu Di , Shen Yangping , Han Zhiyu , Fan Qiwen , Guo Bing , Wang Naiyan
Published: September 2020

The (p, γ) resonance is a good way to produce monoenergetic γ rays. It becomes an important tool for studying photonuclear reactions. In this work, 13C(p, γ)14N resonance is studied to produce 9.17 MeV γ ray using the 2 × 1.7 MV tandem accelerator at CIAE. The flux of 9.17 MeV γ was determined to be 2.3 × 105/s. 197Au photoneutron cross section was measured to be 45.4 ± 6.9 mb under the irradiation of 13C(p, γ)14N resonance γ -source. The value is close to the previous results. It certificates that we have developed an experimental method for photonuclear reaction study.
Measurement of the neutron capture cross-section of 237Np using ANNRI at MLF/J-PARC
Authors: Rovira Gerard , Katabuchi Tatsuya , Tosaka Kenichi , Matsuura Shota , Terada Kazushi , Iwamoto Osamu , Kimura Atsushi , Nakamura Shoji , Iwamoto Nobuyuki
Published: September 2020

The neutron capture-cross section of 237Np was measured using the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction Measurement Instrument (ANNRI) with special emphasis in the region of interest for the core design of Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS), from 0.5 to 500 keV. A neutron time-of-flight method was employed using the NaI(Tl) spectrometer in the ANNRI beamline at the Japanese Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) together with the pulse-height weighting technique. The cross-section was determined by normalizing the results to JENDL-4.0 cross-section data at the first resonance of 237Np. In the 0.5 to 500 keV range, the present preliminary results present better agreement with previous experiments of Weston et al [3]. Experimental data from Esch et al [6] is about 15% lower than the present results. In comparision with evaluated data, ENDF/B-VIII.0 offers better agreement from 0.5 to 10 keV than with JENDL-4.0. From 0.5 to 10 keV JENDL-4.0 underestimates the present results by 10-15%. Nontheless, over 10 keV energy JENDL-4.0 shows good agreement up to 500 keV. The present preliminary cross-section has uncertainties of about 5% from 0.5 to 35 keV, a value lower than the uncertainties present in JENDL-4.0 of 6-10%. However, over 35 keV the total uncertainties steadily increase and amount to 10% at 500 keV.
Covariance analysis on the thermal neutron capture cross sections using an Am-Be neutron source
Authors: Panikkath Priyada , Otuka Naohiko , Mohanakrishnan P.
Published: September 2020

We measured the thermal cross sections of71Ga(n,γ)72Ga using an Am-Be neutron source having strength of 4 × 107neutrons/sec using the two monitor reactions197Au(n,γ)198Au and55Mn(n,γ)56Mn, and obtained 4.07±0.27 b and 3.97±0.31 b as the values measured relative to Au and Mn neutron captures, respectively. We constructed their covariance matrix by taking into account the correlation of parameters which are not independent in derivation of these two thermal cross sections(e.g.,Ga sample weight, decay data of72Ga, detector efficiency ofγ-ray emitted from72Ga). The off-diagonal weighted mean of the two cross sections 4.04±0.27 b was derived from the two thermal cross sections and their covariance matrix.
Continuous spectra of light charged particles from interaction of 30 MeV energy protons with cooper
Authors: Zholdybayev Timur , Mukan Zhuldyz , Sadykov Bakhtiyar , Duisebayev Bek , Nassurlla Maulen , Ismailov Kairat , Kucuk Yasemin
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the experimental double-differential and integral cross sections of reactions (p,xp), and (p,xα) on natCu nucleus. The experiment with the protons, accelerated to energy of 30.0 MeV was performed at the isochronous cyclotron of Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan). We investigated the adequacy of the theoretical models in explaining the measured experimental data and contributions of direct, preequilibrium and compound processes in the formation of the cross sections were determined. We assert that the traditional frameworks are valid for the description of the experimental data.
Cross-section measurement in the reactions of 136Xe on proton, deuteron and carbon
Authors: Sun X. , Wang H. , Otsu H. , Sakurai H. , Ahn D.S. , Aikawa M. , Fukuda N. , Isobe T. , Kawakami S. , Koyama S. , Kubo T. , Kubono S. , Lorusso G. , Maeda Y. , Makinaga A. , Momiyama S. , Nakano K. , Niikura M. , Shiga Y. , Söderström P.-A. , Suzuki H. , Takeda H. , Takeuchi S. , Taniuchi S. , Watanabe Ya. , Watanabe Yu. , Yamasaki H. , Yoshida K.
Published: September 2020

The isotopic production cross sections for the reactions of 136Xe induced by proton, deuteron and carbon at 168 MeV/u were obtained by using the inverse kinematics technique at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The target dependence of the cross sections was investigated systematically. It was found that for the light-mass products, the cross sections on carbon are larger than those on deuteron and proton. The measured cross sections on proton were compared with the previous data at higher reaction energies to study the energy dependence. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes using PHITS and with the EPAX and SPACS empirical parameterizations.
Experimental study of 𝛽 spectra using Si detectors
Authors: Singh Abhilasha , Mougeot Xavier , Sabot Benoit , Lacour Didier , Nourreddine Abdel-Mjid
Published: September 2020

Several scientific users from different communities, such as nuclear medicine, ionizing radiation metrology, nuclear energy industries, and fundamental physics are seeking for a precise knowledge of beta spectra. Consequently, it is of great interest to investigate the spectral shape of beta decaying nuclei with best possible precision. In this work, we aim to investigate precisely β~ decays. For this purpose, we have developed a quasi 4π beta spectrometer based on Silicon detectors (PIPS®). The measurement system is characterized by conversion electron peaks of 109Cd and 207Bi and has been compared with Monte Carlo simulations using nuclear decay data. The preliminary measurements of 14C (allowed transition) and 36Cl (second forbidden non-unique transition) decays have been performed and compared with simulations using the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code.
Study of impact factors on the decay heat calculation of neutron sufficient even-even nuclei of Te, Xe, Ba, Ce, Nd and Sm isotopes
Authors: Kairan Hou , Dong Yang , Jian Li , Xiaolong Huang
Published: September 2020

The impact factors on the decay heat calculation are studied for the neutron sufficient even-even nuclei of Te, Xe, Ba, Ce, Nd and Sm isotopes, including: nuclear deformation, nuclear structure complexity and level density. By comparing the calculated results of QRPA method and gross theory with the experimental results, it is found that for the case of even-even nuclei considered in this paper: gross theory presents better results for the situation of daughter nuclei with complex level scheme, showing its statistical method nature; QRPA method presents better results for near spherical nuclei. Both methods are not affected by the level density.
Analysis of the reactor antineutrino spectrum anomaly with fuel burnup
Authors: Yang Le , Ma Xubo , Zhu Runze , Li Yaozhou , Huang Zifeng
Published: September 2020

Recently, three successful antineutrino experiments (Daya Bay, Double Chooz, and RENO) measured the neutrino mixing angle θ13; however, significant discrepancies were found, both in the absolute flux and spectral shape. Much effort has been expended investigating the possible reasons for the discrepancies. In this paper, the change of neutrino energy spectrum with burnup is analyzed from the point of view of the change of neutrino energy spectrum with burnup. An accurate method for calculating neutrino energy spectrum is proposed. The non-equilibrium correction is studied by using this method. It is found that the non-equilibrium correction contributes not only to the energy region less than 4.0 MeV, but also to the energy region greater than 4.0 MeV, with a maximum correction of about 3%.
Comparison of practical expressions for E1 photon strength functions
Authors: Gorbachenko Oleksandr , Kadenko Igor , Plujko Vladimir , Solodovnyk Kateryna
Published: September 2020

The closed-form expressions for the photon strength functions (PSF) are tested using the gamma-decay data of OSLO group. The theoretical calculations are performed for the Lorentzian models of PSF for electric and magnetic dipole gamma-rays. The criteria of minimum of least-square value as well as the root-mean-square deviation factor are used. It is shown that a rather good agreement is obtained within the Simple Modified Lorentzian model for E1 PSF modelling.
Total cross section model with uncertainty evaluated by KALMAN
Authors: Hashimoto Shintaro , Sato Tatsuhiko
Published: September 2020

We propose a new total cross section model including its uncertainty to estimate systematic uncertainty in particle transport simulations. Medians and widths of parameters in the model, which describe the model uncertainty in the simulation, were determined by using the KALMAN code based on the Bayes' theorem. We implemented the new model in the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS), and then performed shielding calculations with neutron beams. By using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the systematic uncertainty associated with the model uncertainty can be estimated from variance in calculated results.
Simulation of neutron transmission performance of metallic spherical shell under temperature dependent neutron cross section
Authors: Zuo Yinghong , Zhu Jinhui , Xie Honggang
Published: September 2020

To study the effect of temperature dependent neutron cross section on the neutron transmission performance of typical metallic spherical shells, this paper generated the temperature dependent neutron cross section data by using NJOY program, and established the computational model of interaction of neutron with iron and aluminium spherical shell. The temperature evolution of energy spectrum of transmitted neutron and secondary gamma ray, and the number ratio of transmitted neutrons to secondary gamma rays has been studied at various neutron energies. The results show that only when the energies of the incident neutron are in a certain range, the temperature dependent cross sections can have a significant effect on the energy spectrum of the rays penetrating the spherical shell. For different metal materials, the transmitted neutron spectrum and the secondary gamma ray spectrum will be significantly affected when the temperature increases to different high value. Generally, the transmitted neutron number decreases with the increase of temperature, and the number ratio of transmitted neutron to secondary gamma ray also decreases with the increase of temperature, while the changing trend of number of secondary gamma ray with temperature is related to the type of shell material.
Calculation of the fission observables in the resolved resonance energy region of the 235U(n,f) reaction
Authors: Serot Olivier , Litaize Olivier , Chebboubi Abdelhazize
Published: September 2020

Measurement of the fission fragments in coincidence with the emitted prompt neutrons was undertaken recently, at JRC-Geel institute, for the 235U(n,f) reaction in the resolved resonance energy region, up to 160 eV incident neutron energy. From this experimental work, fluctuations of several fission observables (mass yields, average total kinetic energy T̅K̅E̅, average prompt neutron multiplicity v̅P) were clearly observed. In the present work, these experimental pre-neutron fission fragment mass and kinetic energy distributions were used as input data for the FIFRELIN Monte Carlo code. By adopting the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model, the code simulates the de-excitation of the fission fragments. Four free parameters are available in the code: two of them (called RTmin and RTmax) govern at the scission point the sharing of the total available excitation energy between the two nascent fission fragments, while the two others (called σL and σH) assign the initial fission fragment spins. In this way, fission observables (prompt particles energy spectra and multiplicities, delayed neutrons multiplicity,. . . ) and correlations between them can be predicted and investigated. Here, these four free parameters were tuned in order to reproduce the average prompt neutron multiplicity at the resonance En=19.23 eV, resonance for which the experimental statistical uncertainty on v̅P is the lowest one. Then, the calculations were perfomed for all resonances by keeping the same set of free parameters. We show that the calculated fluctuations of v̅P in the resonances can rather be well reproduced by considering only the fluctuations of the pre-neutron mass yields and kinetic energy. In addition, from our calculation procedure, other fission observables fluctuations can also be predicted.
Fission fragments observables measured at the LOHENGRIN spectrometer
Authors: Julien-Laferrière S. , Thombansen L. , Kessedjian G. , Chebboubi A. , Serot O. , Sage C. , Méplan O. , Ramdhane M. , Litaize O. , Nicholson J. , Bernard D. , Köster U. , Mutti P. , Materna T. , Rapala M.
Published: September 2020

Nuclear fission yields are key data for reactor studies, such as spent fuel inventory or decay heat, and for understanding fission process. Despite a significant effort allocated to measure fission yields during the last decades, the recent evaluated libraries still need improvements in particular in the reduction of the uncertainties. Moreover, some discrepancies between these libraries must be explained.

Additional measurements provide complementary information and estimations of experimental correlations, and new kinds of measurements enable to test the models used during the nuclear data evaluation process. A common effort by the CEA, the LPSC and the ILL aims at tackling these issues by providing precise measurements of isotopic and isobaric fission yields with the related variance-covariance matrices. Additionally, the experimental program involves a large range of observables requested by the evaluations, such as kinetic energy dependency of isotopic yields and odd-even effect in order to test the sharing of total excitation energy and the spin generation mechanism. Another example is the complete range of isotopic distribution per mass that allows the determination of the charge polarization, which has to be consistent for complementary masses (pre-neutron emission). For instance, this information is the key observable for the evaluation of isotopic yields. Finally, ionic charge distributions are indirect measurements of nanosecond isomeric ratios as a probe of the nuclear de-excitation path in the (E*, J, π) representation.

Measurements for thermal neutron induced fission of 241 Pu have been carried out at the ILL in Grenoble, using the LOHENGRIN mass spectrometer. Methods, results and comparison to models calculations will be presented corresponding to a status on fission fragments observables reachable with this facility.
Spallation reaction study for long-lived fission products in nuclear waste
Authors: Wang He , Otsu Hideaki , Sakurai Hiroyoshi , Ahn DeukSoon , Aikawa Masayuki , Ando Takashi , Araki Shouhei , Chen Sidong , Chiga Nobuyuki , Doornenbal Pieter , Fukuda Naoki , Isobe Tadaaki , Kawakami Shunsuke , Kawase Shoichiro , Kin Tadahiro , Kondo Yosuke , Koyama Shunpei , Kubono Shigeru , Maeda Yukie , Makinaga Ayano , Matsushita Masafumi , Matsuzaki Teiichiro , Michimasa Shin ichiro , Momiyama Satoru , Nagamine Shunsuke , Nakamura Takashi , Nakano Keita , Niikura Megumi , Ozaki Tomoyuki , Saito Atsumi , Saito Takeshi , Shiga Yoshiaki , Shikata Mizuki , Shimizu Yohei , Shimoura Susumu , Sumikama Toshiyuki , Söderstrom Pär-Anders , Suzuki Hiroshi , Takeda Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Satoshi , Taniuchi Ryo , Togano Yasuhiro , Tsubota Junichi , Uesaka Meiko , Watanabe Yasushi , Watanabe Yukinobu , Wimmer Kathrin , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Yoshida Koichi
Published: September 2020

Spallation reaction for the long-lived fission product 107Pd has been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The isotopic-distribution cross sections on both proton and deuteron were obtained at 118 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. A large cross-section difference was found between the proton and deuteron results for the light-mass products. The data were compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes. In addition, the potential of spallation reaction for transmutation of 107Pd is discussed.
Distribution of neutrons and protons in elongated targets
Authors: Zeman Miroslav , Adam Jindrich , Baldin Anton , Brunciakova Miriama , Gustov Sergey , Katovsky Karel , Khushvaktov Jurabek , Kral Dusan , Solnyshkin Alexander , Svoboda Josef , Stastny Ondrej , Tichy Pavel , Tyutyunikov Sergey , Vrzalova Jitka , Wagner Vladimir , Zavorka Lukas
Published: September 2020

Analysis of neutron distribution was carried out for two elongated targets. The targets have cylindrical shape and are made of lead and carbon, respectively. The dimensions are approximately one meter in length and 19 cm in diameter. The targets were irradiated with 660 MeV proton beam at Phasotron accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The total number of protons was 2.35(18)E15 for the experiment with carbon target and the total number of particles at the second experiment was 2.32(19)E15. The produced neutron field was monitored by cobalt threshold activation detectors at various positions. The activation detectors were measured by means of gamma spectroscopy using HPGe detectors. Reaction rates of different radionuclides produced in the activation detectors were determined and the results from both experiments were compared. The ratios were calculated for 7 reactions produced in cobalt detectors. The ratio of the reaction rates shows that the number of residual nuclei with higher threshold energies is higher for experiment with carbon target than for the experiment with the lead target.
The use of the ENDF library for nucleosynthesis studies
Authors: Pritychenko Boris
Published: September 2020

Stellar nucleosynthesis modeling studies would significantly benefit from the use of fully traceable, documented and unbiased nuclear data. The nuclear industry standard Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) libraries contain extensive collections of reaction data sets relevant to astrophysics. For the first time rapid-and slow-neutron capture, r- and s-process, respectively, abundances were computed from ENDF/B-VIII.0 and TENDL-2015 libraries and compared with available data. The current results highlight mutually beneficial relations between nuclear industry and nuclear astrophysics data developments.
Covariance generation for the prompt neutron multiplicity of 239Pu including the (n,γf) process
Authors: Leal-Cidoncha Esther , Noguere Gilles , Bouland Olivier , Serot Olivier
Published: September 2020

Fission cross section of 239Pu can be seen as a sum of the “immediate" fission and “two-step" (n,γf) reactions. In the Resolved Resonance Range of the reaction cross sections, the contribution of the (n,γf) process has an impact on the determination of the partial widths magnitude involved in the Reich-Moore approximation of the R-matrix theory. The present work aims to investigate this impact by using the CONRAD code and the partial width Γγf for the (n,γf) reaction calculated by Lynn et al. [1]. A special attention will be paid to the covariance matrix obtained on νp.
In search of the best nuclear data file for proton induced reactions: Varying both models and their parameters
Authors: Alhassan E. , Rochman D. , Vasiliev A. , Bergmann R.M. , Wohlmuther M. , Koning A.J. , Ferroukhi H.
Published: September 2020

A lot of research work has been carried out in fine tuning model parameters to reproduce experimental data for neutron induced reactions. This however is not the case for proton induced reactions where large deviations still exist between model calculations and experiments for some cross sections. In this work, we present a method for searching both the model and model parameter space in order to identify the ’best’ nuclear reaction models with their parameter sets that reproduces carefully selected experimental data. Three sets of experimental data from EXFOR are used in this work: (1) cross sections of the target nucleus (2) cross sections of the residual nuclei and (3) angular distributions. Selected models and their parameters were varied simultaneously to produce a large set of random nuclear data files. The goodness of fit between our adjustments and experimental data was achieved by computing a global reduced chi square which took into consideration the above listed experimental data. The method has been applied for the adjustment of proton induced reactions on 59Co between 1 to 100 MeV. The adjusted files obtained are compared with available experimental data and evaluations from other nuclear data libraries.
Impact of nuclear data evaluations on data assimilation for an LFR
Authors: Romojaro Pablo , Álvarez-Velarde Francisco
Published: September 2020

The Lead-cooled Fast Reactor is one of the three technologies selected by the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform that can meet future European energy needs. The main drawbacks for the industrial deployment of LFR are the lack of operational experience and the impact of uncertainties. In nuclear reactor design the uncertainties mainly come from material properties, fabrication tolerances, operation conditions, simulation tools and nuclear data. The uncertainty in nuclear data is one of the most important sources of uncertainty in reactor physics simulations. Furthermore, it is known that the uncertainties in reactor criti-cality safety parameters are severely dependent on the nuclear data library used to estimate them. However, the impact of using different evaluations while performing data assimilation to constraint the uncertainties in the criticality parameters has not been properly assessed yet. In this work, a data assimilation for the main isotopes contributing to the uncertainty in keff of the ALFRED lead-cooled fast reactor has been performed with the SUMMON system using JEFF-3.3, ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JENDL-4.0u2 state-of-the-art nuclear data libraries, together with critical mass experiments from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project that are representative of ALFRED, in order to assess the impact of using different evaluations for data assimilation.
Progress in international collaboration on EXFOR library
Authors: Otuka N. , Pritychenko B. , Fleming M. , Jin Y. , Pikulina G. , Suzuki R. , Devi V. , Mikhailiukova M. , Okumura S. , Soppera N. , Tada T. , Takács S. , Taova S. , Varlamov V.V. , Wang J.M. , Yang S.C. , Zerkin V.
Published: September 2020

The EXFOR library has served as the unique repository of experimental cross section and other nuclear reaction data for 50 years. The Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) have compiled data sets from more than 22000 experimental works for the EXFOR library. Our collaboration and effort on improvement of EXFOR coverage are described in this paper, as well as tools for digitization of numerical data from graph images developed by us for EXFOR compilation.
A computational EXFOR database
Authors: Schnabel Georg
Published: September 2020

The EXFOR library is a useful resource for many people in the field of nuclear physics. In particular, the experimental data in the EXFOR library serves as a starting point for nuclear data evaluations. There is an ongoing discussion about how to make evaluations more transparent and reproducible. One important ingredient may be convenient programmatic access to the data in the EXFOR library from high-level languages. To this end, the complete EXFOR library can be converted to a MongoDB database. This database can be conveniently searched and accessed from a wide variety of programming languages, such as C++, Python, Java, Matlab, and R. This contribution provides some details about the successful conversion of the EXFOR library to a MongoDB database and shows simple usage examples to underline its merits. All codes required for the conversion have been made available online and are open-source. In addition, a Dockerfile has been created to facilitate the installation process.
Application of similarity analysis method in zero-power experimental validation
Authors: Ning Tong , Zhou Qi , Chen Xiaoliang , Zhu Qingfu
Published: September 2020

New advanced reactors require zero-power experiments to validate the correctness of design. In order to ensure sufficient validation strength, certain similarity of physical properties between zero-power experimental reactor and the target reactor is required. Based on sensitivity and uncertainty analysis techniques, three indexes for evaluating the physical similarity between reactor systems were introduced. Based on the Monte Carlo transport program MONK, a coupled similarity analysis program MCS was compiled. The results of MCS were compared with TSUNAMI’s and the two programs showed good agreement. Finally, the similarity between the CEFR in MOX fuel loading design and the BFS-119-2 zero-power experiment scheme given by IPPE was calculated by MCS. The results showed that the two systems were very similar to each other, and the physical properties of the CEFR-MOX loading design could be validate by the zero-power experiment.
A finite element simulation of transition-edge sensor for measuring kinetic energy of fission fragments
Authors: Wang Xianglei
Published: September 2020

It is necessary to accurately measure the kinetic energy of fission fragments when using the Time-Of-Flight method to determine the mass of fission fragments. The ionization chamber and the Au-Si surface barrier detector are conventional kinetic-energy detectors, but their energy resolution is not sufficient to achieve a mass resolution of 1 amu. The Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) is a cryogenic calorimeter that can be used to measure the kinetic energy by measuring the temperature variation induced by the energy of the incident particle, with a typical resolution of 0.02% of TES detector can be achieved[1]. In this article, we designed a TES to measure the kinetic energy of fission fragments, and the signals of this TES with different incident particle positions, kinetic energy, and thermal conductivity were simulated using ANSYS. Therefore, we verified the feasibility of the TES and improved the count rate of the TES to 100cps.
New features and improvements in the NEA nuclear data tool suite
Authors: Fleming M. , Hill I. , Dyrda J. , Fiorito L. , Soppera N. , Bossant M.
Published: September 2020

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has developed and maintains several products that are used in the verification and validation of nuclear data, including the Java-based Nuclear Data Information System (JANIS) and the Nuclear Data Sensitivity Tool (NDaST). These integrate other collections of the NEA, including the International Handbooks of benchmark experiments on Criticality Safety and Reactor Physics (ICSBEP and IRPhEP) and their supporting relational databases (DICE and IDAT). Recent development of the JANIS, DICE and NDaST systems have resulted in the ability to perform uncertainty propagation utilising Legendre polynomial sensitivities, calculation of case-to-case covariances and correlations, use of spectrum weighting in perturbations, calculation of statistical results with suites of randomly sampled nuclear data files and new command-line interfaces to automate analyses and generate XML outputs. All of the most recent, major nuclear data libraries have been fully processed and incorporated, along with new visualisation features for covariances and sensitivities, an expanded set of reaction channel definitions, and new EXFOR data types defined by the NRDC. Optimisation of numerical methods has also improved performance, with over order-of-magnitude speed-up in the case of sensitivity-uncertainty calculations.
Nuclear data sensitivity and uncertainty analyses on the first core criticality of the RSG GAS multipurpose research reactor
Authors: Liem Peng Hong , Zuhair  , Hartanto Donny
Published: September 2020

The results of criticality, sensitivity and uncertainty (S\U) analyses on the first core criticality of the Indonesian 30 MWth Multipurpose Reactor RSG GAS (MPR-30) using the recent nuclear data libraries (ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0) and analytical tools available at present (WHISPER-1.1) are presented. Two groups of criticality benchmark cases were carefully selected from the experiments conducted during the first criticality approach and control rod calibrations. The C/E values of effective neutron multiplication factor (k) for the worst case was found around 1.005. Large negative sensitivities were found in (n,e-mail:γ) reaction of H-1, U-235, Al-27, U-238 and Be-9 while large positive sensitivities were found in U-235 (total nu and fission), H-1 (elastic), Be-9 (free gas, elastic) and H-1 S(α,β) (lwtr.20t, inelastic). The S\U analysis results concluded that the uncertainties of k originated from the nuclear data were found around 0.6% which covered well the [C/E-1] values. Differences in the sensitivities amongst the two nuclear data libraries were also identified, and recommendation for improving the nuclear data library was given.
Gamma spectroscopy methodology for large amounts of environmental samples in Sweden 30 years after the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Lantz Mattias , Andersson-Sundén Erik , Andersson Peter , Barker Abigail , Gustavsson Cecilia , Hjalmarsson Anders , Jacewicz Marek , Lundén Karl , Marciniewski Pawel , Pomp Stephan , Rathore Vikram , Ziemann Volker
Published: September 2020

In a Swedish citizen science project, more than 200 elementary school classes participated in collecting fungi, soil samples, and droppings from deer and wild boar, from all over Sweden. The samples have been sent to a laboratory at Uppsala University where they are being analyzed through gamma spectroscopy with a shielded HPGe detector. The main objective is to scan the samples for 137Cs from the Chernobyl accident and compare the data with measurements from 1986, but uptake of naturally occuring radionuclides like 40K and radon daughters will also be determined. Together with the soil samples, transfer factors will be derived, and correlations for these factors will be sought for different species of fungi and soil types. The potential for correlating the results with different biological processes will also be investigated, in part through the collected animal droppings. This is a work in progress where the present status of the experimental setup and methodology are presented. Issues with the initial approach for corrections are discussed and preliminary results are presented.
Precise control of atoms with MBE: from semiconductors to complex oxides
Authors: Suyolcu Y. Eren , Logvenov Gennady
Published: September 2020

Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a high-vacuum technique with atomic-layer control and precision. It is based on the chemical reaction of the atoms, molecules, or atomic clusters vaporized from the specific evaporation sources on the substrates. The molecular beam defines a unidirectional ballistic flow of atoms and/or molecules without any collisions amongst. In the late 1960s, MBE was initially developed for the growth of GaAs and (Al, Ga)As systems[1,2] due to the unprecedented capabilities and then was applied to study other material systems. MBE growth is conventionally performed in vacuum and ultra-high vacuum (UHV) (10-8–10-12 mbar) conditions.
Wie Marker- und Targettraining zum Gelingen aktiver Bewegungstherapie beitragen
Authors: Heritier Carmen
Published: September 2020

Aktives Bewegungstraining bahnt sich immer mehr einen Weg in die Tierphysiotherapie. Dass dies nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern absolut notwendig ist, zeigt der Humanbereich. Wie man aktive Bewegungstherapie effizient mithilfe weniger Hilfsmittel umsetzen kann, erläutert dieser Einblick.
A Case of Zenker’s Diverticulum in a Patient with Tight Esophageal Peptic Stricture
Authors: Alkhormi Abdulrahman M. , Memon Muhammad Y.
Published: September 2020

Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) is a posterior Sac like outpouching of the hypopharyngeal mucosa and submucosa through Killian’s triangle, which is an area of muscular weakness between the transverse fibers of the cricopharyngeus muscle and the oblique fibers of the lower inferior constrictor muscle. ZD usually presents with swallowing difficulties, regurgitation of undigested food, choking, halitosis, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms due to chronic aspiration. Several esophageal pathologies have been reported in association with ZD. These include cervical esophageal webs, upper esophageal stenosis, and hiatus hernia. Herein, we report a case of ZD in association with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and tight lower esophageal peptic stricture.