bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide and the application for rubber composites
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Kaiye , Hao Shuai , Xia Hesheng , Lavorgna Marino
Published: December 2018

The simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was realized through a chemical grafting reaction with a functionalization agentN,N‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)methylamine (APMEL). The reduced and functionalized reduced GO (rGO‐APMEL) sheets can be well dispersed in water without any added surfactant and the formed stable rGO aqueous dispersion can be kept for a long time, which can be used for the preparation of rubber–graphene (GE) composites by latex mixing. The electrostatic interaction between rGO–APMEL (positively charged) and natural rubber latex particles (negatively charged) leads to the formation of NR/rGO–APMEL composites with strong interaction. Compared with blank NR, the tensile strength and modulus for NR/rGO–APMEL increase with the rGO–APMEL loading. Especially, when the filler content is 5 phr, the tensile strength of NR/rGO–APMEL‐5 increases by 32.7%, as a control the tensile strength of NR/GO‐5 and NR/rGO‐5 decrease by 20.1 and 15.6%, respectively. The entanglement‐bound rubber tube model was used to analyze the reinforcing effect of GE on NR/rGO–APMEL nanocomposites at a molecular level. This study may provide us a novel approach to prepare well dispersed and exfoliated rGO–polymer nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47375.
Differential responses between a vector species Bemisia tabaci and a nonvector species Trialeurodes vaporariorum following ingestion of tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Authors: Jhan Pijush Kanti , Shim Jae‐Kyoung , Lee Sukchan , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll
Published: December 2018

In transmitting plant viruses, insect vectors undergo physiological and behavioral alterations. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), causing severe damages to various horticultural crop plants. To determine whether whitefly alteration is specific to vector species, the responses to TYLCV ingestion were compared between
B. tabaci and
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, a nonvector for TYLCV. The two species were reared on TYLCV‐infected and noninfected tomato, a host of TYLCV, and their longevity and fecundity were determined while rearing in either tomato or eggplant, a nonhost of TYLCV. TYLCV‐ingested
B. tabaci increased their developmental rates but reduced fecundity when they were reared in either tomato or eggplant compared with those of TYLCV‐free ones. In contrast, TYLCV‐ingested
T. vaporariorum did not show any of the aforementioned changes when reared on both plant species. In addition, TYLCV‐ingested
B. tabaci increased their levels of three heat shock protein genes (
hsp20,
hsp70, and
hsp90) against thermal stress, whereas TYLCV‐ingested
T. vaporariorum did not. The presence of TYLCV virions was identified in two colonies of both species via polymerase chain reaction analysis. TYLCV was detected in the whole body, saliva, and eggs of
B. tabaci, while TYLCV was detected only in the whole body but not in the saliva and eggs of
T. vaporariorum. The present results strongly indicated that TYLCV specifically manipulate physiological processes of the vector species,
B. tabaci.
Estimation of stability region for discrete‐time linear positive switched systems with multiple equilibrium points
Authors: Liu Zhi , Zhang Xianfu , Li Haitao
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates the regional stability for discrete‐time linear positive switched systems with multiple equilibrium points (PSS‐MEP). Every subsystem possesses a unique stable equilibrium point. Firstly, by establishing a special Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition for region stability of considered systems is presented. Although, estimating the stability region for n‐dimensional PSS‐MEP with l ≥ 3 subsystems is still a challenging work, we study the one and two dimensional PSS‐MEP, and the corresponding accurate stability regions are given in our main job. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
Adaption and validation of the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test to Estonian speakers with aphasia
Authors: Nursi Aaro , Padrik Marika , Nursi Liisa , Pähkel Maarja , Virkunen Liis , Küttim‐Rips Anne , Taba Pille
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test (MAST) is a brief screening tool for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities of patients with aphasia. The goal of this study was to adapt and validate the MAST into the Estonian language. The discriminant validity and internal consistency of the test were examined, as well as its sensitivity and specificity.

Methods

The MASTest was administered in 50 left hemisphere stroke patients with aphasia (LHA+ group) in the acute phase after the stroke and 126 healthy volunteers in a control group (CG), stratified by age and level of education. Nonparametric tests were used to get normative values, compare the values of the MASTest scores between the LHA+ group and the CG, and to assess the discriminant validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the MASTest.

Results

The summary scores: total score (MASTest‐T), expressive score (MASTest‐E), and receptive score (MASTest‐R) correlated with age and educational level, and the normative values were adjusted accordingly. The LHA+ group showed more impairment than the CG in all subtests and summary scores. The internal reliability of the MASTest was high for the whole sample and LHA+ group. The sensitivity and specificity of the MASTest using the 5th percentile were 74% and 94%, respectively, but using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, it was 89% and 80%.

Conclusion

The MASTest is a valid screening tool for evaluating expressive and receptive language abilities in Estonian patients with aphasia in early stroke. The MASTest is the first validated aphasia screening test for Estonian‐speaking people, who number less than one million worldwide.
Mammalian‐Cell‐Driven Polymerisation of Pyrrole
Authors: Sherman Harry G. , Hicks Jacqueline M. , Jain Akhil , Titman Jeremy J. , Alexander Cameron , Stolnik Snow , Rawson Frankie J.
Published: December 2018

A model cancer cell line was used to initiate polymerisation of pyrrole to form the conducting material polypyrrole. The polymerisation was shown to occur through the action of cytosolic exudates rather than that of the membrane redox sites that normally control the oxidation state of iron as ferricyanide or ferrocyanide. The data demonstrate for the first time that mammalian cells can be used to initiate synthesis of conducting polymers and suggest a possible route to detection of cell damage and/or transcellular processes through in situ and amplifiable signal generation.
Rehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta and severe open bite: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Shirani Gholamreza , Mahgoli Hossein‐Ali , Vaziri Nastaran
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical Message

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is typically associated with anterior open bite and a number of other dental problems, which require complex treatments such as orthognathic surgery. This case report describes management of a patient with AI and severe open bite via a multidisciplinary approach.
Dehydrogenative Anodic Cyanation Reaction of Phenols in Benzylic Positions
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Imada Yasushi , Chiba Kazuhiro , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: December 2018

The selective dehydrogenative electrochemical activation of benzylic positions by 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropan‐2‐ol (HFIP) and subsequent cyanation is presented for the first time. Herein, we report a sustainable, scalable, and metal‐free dehydrogenative benzylic cyanation protocol. Valuable 2‐phenylacetonitrile derivatives are accessible in the presence of a cyanide source and an electrolytically‐derived HFIP ether. The direct application of electricity enables a safe and environmentally benign chemical transformation, since oxidizers are replaced by electricity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Cα‐Substituted Prolines through Curtin–Hammett‐Controlled Diastereoselective N‐Alkylation
Authors: Cho Hyunkyung , Jeon Hongjun , Shin Jae Eui , Lee Seokwoo , Park Soojun , Kim Sanghee
Published: December 2018

Asymmetric synthesis of α‐substituted proline derivatives has been accomplished by an efficient chirality‐transfer method. High diastereoselectivity of the N‐alkylation of the proline ester (C→N chirality transfer) was achieved when a 2,3‐disubstituted benzyl group was used as the N‐substituent. DFT calculations provided a mechanistic rationale for the high degree of stereoselectivity. The generated N‐chirality of the quaternary ammonium salt was transferred back to the α‐carbon through a stereoselective [2,3]‐Stevens rearrangement (N→C chirality transfer) to give α‐substituted proline ester.
One‐Electron Reduction of 2‐Mono(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimino)acenaphthene‐1‐one (dpp‐mian)
Authors: Lukoyanov Anton N. , Ulivanova Elena A. , Razborov Danila A. , Khrizanforova Vera V. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Makarov Sergey G. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Ketkov Sergey Y. , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: December 2018

The electrochemical characteristics of 2‐mono(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimino)acenaphthene‐1‐one (dpp‐mian) have been investigated. One‐electron reduction of dpp‐mian involves the iminoketone fragment, which is revealed by the EPR spectrum obtained after the electrolysis of the dpp‐mian solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The reduction of dpp‐mian with one equivalent of metallic potassium leads to a similar EPR spectrum. The sodium complex [(dpp‐mian)Na(dme)]2 (1) produces an EPR signal with hyperfine coupling on the nitrogen atom of the iminoketone fragment of the dpp‐mian ligand. Dpp‐mian can also be reduced in a one‐electron process by SnCl2×(dioxane). In this case, complex (dpp‐mian)2SnCl2 (2) is formed, with the tin atom displaying an oxidation state of +4. Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, SnCl2×2(H2O), also reduces dpp‐mian, but the two ligands bound to tin in the product form a new carbon–carbon bond between the ketone moieties of the dpp‐mian monoanions to form complex (bis‐dpp‐mian)HSnCl3 (3). Metallic tin reduces dpp‐mian to form the (bis‐dpp‐mian)2Sn (4) species. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
ABC–ABC‐Type Directly meso–meso Linked Porphyrin Dimers
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Kurumisawa Yuma , Iiyama Hitomi , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hiroshi Imahori at Kyoto University. The image depicts an artistic representation of the evolution from porphyrin monomers to a porphyrin dimer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201805405.
Elagolix Pharmacokinetic Profiles in Women With Renal or Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Ng Juki , Duan W. Rachel , Marbury Thomas , Schmidt Jeffrey M. , Klein Cheri E.
Published: December 2018

The aim of these studies was to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of elagolix, an oral nonpeptide gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist following oral administration in women with renal or hepatic impairment. Two phase 1 studies were conducted in adult women with normal renal function versus renal impairment (reduced study), and normal hepatic function versus hepatic impairment (full study design). All women received a single dose of elagolix 200 mg (renal) or 150 mg (hepatic). Intensive pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected. Elagolix exposures were comparable in women with normal renal function and those with moderate/severe renal impairment or end‐stage renal disease. Elagolix exposures also appeared to be similar in women with normal hepatic function and women with mild hepatic impairment. Elagolix area under the curve in women with moderate hepatic impairment and with severe hepatic impairment was approximately 3‐fold and 7‐fold higher than in women with normal hepatic function. The adverse event incidence was low, with the main events being mild nausea and headache. No dosage adjustment was needed in women with renal impairment or women with mild hepatic impairment. Although an elagolix dose of 150 mg once daily may be used in women with moderate hepatic impairment for up to 6 months, this elagolix dose should not be used in women with severe hepatic impairment.
The Effect of a High‐Fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of Brigatinib, an Oral Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tugnait Meera , Gupta Neeraj , Hanley Michael J. , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Sonnichsen Daryl , Kerstein David , Dorer David J. , Narasimhan Narayana
Published: December 2018

Brigatinib, a next‐generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, received accelerated approval in the United States for the treatment of patients with metastatic ALK+ non–small‐cell lung cancer who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib. A clinical study was conducted to assess the effect of food on brigatinib pharmacokinetics (PK). Healthy subjects received a single oral dose of brigatinib 180 mg (2 × 90‐mg tablets) after a 10‐hour fast or after a high‐fat meal in a 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study. Plasma samples for PK characterization were collected over 168 hours postdose. Twenty‐four subjects were enrolled (mean age 44 years; 58% male), with 21 included in the PK‐evaluable population. Brigatinib peak concentration was reduced by 13% under fed (high‐fat meal) versus fasted conditions, with no effect on area under the concentration‐time curve. The median time to peak concentration of brigatinib was longer under fed conditions (5 hours) than in fasted conditions (2 hours). Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar under fasted (48%) and fed (46%) conditions and were of mild intensity. Consumption of a high‐fat meal decreased the rate of brigatinib oral absorption but had no impact on the extent of absorption, thereby supporting brigatinib administration without regard to meals. These recommendations are reflected in the US prescribing information for brigatinib.
Long‐Range Lateral Correlation between Self‐Assembled Domains of Fluorocarbon‐Hydrocarbon Tetrablocks by Quantitative GISAXS
Authors: Abuillan Wasim , Veschgini Mariam , Mielke Salomé , Yamamoto Akihisa , Liu Xianhe , Konovalov Oleg , Krafft Marie Pierre , Tanaka Motomu
Published: December 2018

The structure and lateral correlation of fluorocarbon‐hydrocarbon tetrablock di(F10Hm) domains at the air/water interface have been determined by quantitative analysis of grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) data. The measured GISAXS signals can be well represented by the full calculation of the form and structure factors. The form factor suggests that di(F10Hm) domains take a hemiellipsoid shape. Both major and minor axes of the hemiellipsoids monotonically increased in response to the elongation of the hydrocarbon blocks, which can be explained by the concominant increase in van der Waals interaction. The structure factor calculated from the GISAXS signals suggests that the domains take an orthorhombic lattice. Remarkably, the lateral correlation can reach over a distance that is more than 14 times longer than the distance to the nearest neighbors. Our data suggest that quantitative GISAXS enables the optimal design of mesoscopic self‐assemblies at the air/water interface by fine‐tuning of the structures of molecular building blocks.
Three‐dimensional position of impacted maxillary canines: Prevalence, associated pathology and introduction to a new classification system
Authors: Grisar Koenraad , Piccart Frederik , Al‐Rimawi Ali S. , Basso Isabela , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: December 2018

Classification of impacted maxillary canines facilitates interdisciplinary communication. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has proven to be superior for the localization of impacted maxillary canines compared with 2D imaging. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively classify a cohort of impacted maxillary canines, using a new developed 3D classification for impacted maxillary canines that is easy to use and does not require complex analysis of the 3D images. A retrospective cohort study was designed, containing CBCT data of 130 patients (male/female: 48/82; median age 16) with a total of 162 impacted maxillary canines. The proposed classification was based on four criteria: vertical crown position, mesiodistal tooth postion, bucco‐lingual crown position, and associated pathology. For all included patients, classification criteria were identified and correlated to treatment selection using a newly developed 3D classification. The most common positions were vertical crown position at apical one third of neighboring teeth, mesiodistal tooth angulation, and palatal crown position. The most frequent associated pathologies were dilaceration of the root and resorption of a neighboring tooth. Significant associations among classification variables and treatment options were observed. Limitations of this study are the retrospective design. CBCT enabled 3D assessment of impacted maxillary canines allowing a classification system that may have an impact on further treatment strategies.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,8‐naphthyridine glucosamine conjugates as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Mohammed Aya A. M. , Suaifan Ghadeer A. R. Y. , Shehadeh Mayadah B. , Okechukwu Patrick N.
Published: December 2018

In the quest for discovering potent antimicrobial agents with lower toxicity, we envisioned the design and synthesis of nalidixic acid‐D‐(+)‐glucosamine conjugates. The novel compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Cytotoxicity using MTT assay over L6 skeletal myoblast cell line, ATCC CRL‐1458 was carried out. In vitro antimicrobial assay revealed that 1‐ethyl‐7‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐N‐(1,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucopyranose‐2‐yl)‐[1,8]‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxamide (5) and 1‐ethyl‐7‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐N‐(2‐deoxy‐D‐glucopyranose‐2‐yl)‐[1,8]‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxamide(6) possess growth inhibitory activity against resistant Escherichia coli NCTC, 11954 (MIC 0.1589 mM) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC, 33591 (MIC 0.1589 mM). Compound (5) was more active against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 (MIC 0.1113 mM) in comparison with the reference nalidixic acid (MIC 1.0765 mM). Interestingly, compound (6) had potential antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC <0.0099 mM). Remarkably, the tested compounds had low cytotoxic effect. This study indicated that glucosamine moiety inclusion into the chemical structure of the marketed nalidixic acid enhances antimicrobial activity and safety.
Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Wang Yin , Rozen Daniel E.
Published: December 2018

Nicrophorusvespilloides is a social beetle that rears its offspring on decomposing carrion. Wild beetles are frequently associated with two types of macrobial symbionts, mites, and nematodes. Although these organisms are believed to be phoretic commensals that harmlessly use beetles as a means of transfer between carcasses, the role of these symbionts on N. vespilloides fitness is poorly understood. Here, we show that nematodes have significant negative effects on beetle fitness across a range of worm densities and also quantify the density‐dependent transmission of worms between mating individuals and from parents to offspring. Using field‐caught beetles, we provide the first report of a new nematode symbiont in N. vespilloides, most closely related to Rhabditoides regina, and show that worm densities are highly variable across individuals isolated from nature but do not differ between males and females. Next, by inoculating mating females with increasing densities of nematodes, we show that worm infections significantly reduce brood size, larval survival, and larval mass, and also eliminate the trade‐off between brood size and larval mass. Finally, we show that nematodes are efficiently transmitted between mating individuals and from mothers to larvae, directly and indirectly via the carcass, and that worms persist through pupation. These results show that the phoretic nematode R. regina can be highly parasitic to burying beetles but can nevertheless persist because of efficient mechanisms of intersexual and intergenerational transmission. Phoretic species are exceptionally common and may cause significant harm to their hosts, even though they rely on these larger species for transmission to new resources. However, this harm may be inevitable and unavoidable if transmission of phoretic symbionts requires nematode proliferation. It will be important to determine the generality of our results for other phoretic associates of animals. It will equally be important to assess the fitness effects of phoretic species under changing resource conditions and in the field where diverse interspecific interactions may exacerbate or reduce the negative effects of phoresy.
A Zinc MOF with Carboxylate Oxygen‐Functionalized Pore Channels for Uranium(VI) Sorption
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Zhi‐Qin , Liu Qing‐Yan , Luo Feng , Wang Yu‐Ling
Published: December 2018

A three‐dimensional zinc MOF, JXNU‐4, constructed from adeninate and 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylate (BPDC2–) ligands was utilized for capture of uranium(VI). JXNU‐4 features one‐dimensional channels decorated by uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms, which are the potential binding sites for uranium(VI) ions. The sorption of uranium(VI) onto the water‐stable JXNU‐4 was systematically investigated. The batch experimental results indicate that JXNU‐4 captures uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions efficiently and quickly. The uranium(VI) sorption behavior of JXNU‐4 follows the Langmuir sorption model and is assigned to chemisorption, which is due to the presence of the periodic arrangement of uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms exposed on the channels. This work presents an elegant example for the efficient separation of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by using carboxylate oxygen‐functionalized pore channels.
Concentration dependence of in vitro biotransformation rates of hydrophobic organic sunscreen agents in rainbow trout S9 fractions: Implications for bioaccumulation assessment
Authors: Saunders Leslie J. , Fontanay Simon , Nichols John W. , Gobas Frank A.P.C.
Published: December 2018

In vitro biotransformation studies were performed to support the bioaccumulation assessment of 3 hydrophobic organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene. In vitro depletion rate constants (kdep) were determined for each UVF using rainbow trout liver S9 fractions. Incubations performed with and without added cofactors showed complete (4-MBC) or partial (EHMC and octocrylene) dependence of kdep on addition of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suggesting that hydrolysis of EHMC and octocrylene by NADPH-independent enzymes (e.g., carboxylesterases) is an important metabolic route. The concentration dependence of kdep was then evaluated to estimate Michaelis–Menten parameters (KM and Vmax) for each UVF. Measured kdep values were then extrapolated to apparent whole-body biotransformation rate constants using an in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) calculated from kdep values measured at concentrations well below KM were closer to empirical BCFs than those calculated from kdep measured at higher test concentrations. Modeled BCFs were sensitive to in vitro binding assumptions employed in the IVIVE model, highlighting the need for further characterization of chemical binding effects on hepatic clearance. The results suggest that the tested UVFs are unlikely to accumulate to levels exceeding the European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction regulation criterion for bioaccumulative substances (BCF > 2000 L kg−1). However, consideration of appropriate in vitro test concentrations and binding correction factors are important when IVIVE methods are used to refine modeled BCFs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:548–560. © 2018 SETAC
Evaluation of the subtle effects and oxidative stress response of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol in Daphnia magna
Authors: Yuxuan Zhang , Peiyong Guo , Yanmei Wu , Xiaoyan Zhang , Meixian Wang , Simin Yang , Yinshi Sun , Jun Deng , Haitao Su
Published: December 2018

Phenicol antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol, are commonly used in the veterinary and aquaculture fields to treat diseases and have frequently been detected in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the effects of phenicol antibiotics on aquatic nontarget species. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the long-term (21-d) influence on the reproduction and growth of and the acute (24-h) oxidative response and tissue damage in the crustacean Daphnia magna after exposure to phenicol drugs, including their environmental concentrations. The results indicate that D. magna exposed to florfenicol are likely to cause more adverse effects than those exposed to chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol over long-term (21-d) exposures. Furthermore, changes in biochemical biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) induced by individual and mixtures of phenicol antibiotics were also observed. Low concentrations of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol + florfenicol, and chloramphenicol + thiamphenicol significantly increased the MDA levels of D. magna after 24-h exposures, causing cellular oxidative damage in the animals. In addition, discrepancies between CAT activities and GSH levels were observed, underscoring the need to evaluate multiple indicators of oxidative stress in toxicological studies using D. magna as a model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:575–584. © 2018 SETAC
Chronic toxicity of major ion salts and their mixtures to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Mount David R. , Erickson Russell J. , Forsman Brandy B. , Highland Terry L. , Hockett J. Russell , Hoff Dale J. , Jenson Correne T. , Norberg-King Teresa J.
Published: December 2018

In previous work we intensively studied the acute responses of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia to major geochemical ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO42–, and HCO3–/CO32–), culminating in the development of models to predict acute toxicity from ionic composition. To quantitatively evaluate whether the toxicological behavior of major ions observed for C. dubia extends to chronic toxicity, we conducted 58 chronic toxicity tests with individual major salts and binary mixtures thereof. Chronic responses paralleled those demonstrated previously for acute exposure, specifically 1) similar relative toxicity of individual salts; 2) different Na salts showing similar potency when exposure is expressed as osmolarity; 3) toxicity of Mg, Ca, and K salts related to cation activity; 4) decreased toxicity of Na and Mg salts when Ca activity is increased at less than toxic concentrations; 5) additive behavior for salt mixtures sharing a common cation; and 6) independent behavior for salt mixtures with dissimilar cations, except Mg/Ca mixtures which appeared additive. Acute-to-chronic ratios were fairly consistent among salts, with values of approximately 1.8 for acute 50% lethal concentration (LC50) to chronic 50% effect concentration (EC50) and 2.8 for LC50/EC20 when expressed on an activity basis. Adjusting the previous acute toxicity model for acute-to-chronic ratios yielded chronic models that predict chronic toxicity within the range of intertest variability. Because these models are informed by a wide range of ion mixtures, they should provide robust assessment tools for natural waters enriched with major ions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:769–783. © Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America
Sublime encounters: Commodifying the experience of the geos
Authors: Donovan Amy
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the rise in volcano tourism in the last few decades, focusing on its impact in recent eruptive crises in Iceland. The paper uses evidence from ethnographic research and surveys to argue that two divergent economic narratives come into conflict around volcanoes: the problematisation of the earth as potentially risky, and the elevation of those risky behaviours as something worth commodifying. Icelandic civil protection (Almannavarnir) have increasingly become concerned about the behaviour of tourists around active volcanoes, particularly during eruptions. However, this is also a considerable opportunity for tour groups. During the 2014–2015 eruptions at Holuhraun, there was concern about high levels of gas that were being emitted, and so tourists were banned from the site. This led to clandestine efforts to get in by helicopter after dark. The felt need for these experiences can be traced back at least to the Enlightenment period, and denotes an example of affective commodification, as the sublime encounter between humans and raw energy of the earth is rendered valuable in monetary terms – and yet transcends commodification in a simple sense.
Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks associated with Baghu gold deposit in the Neotethyan Torud‐Chah Shirin segment, Northern Iran
Authors: Niroomand Shojaeddin , Lentz David R. , Sepidbar Fatemeh , Tajeddin Hossein Ali , Hassanzadeh Jamshid , Mirnejad Hassan
Published: December 2018

The Baghu gold deposit, hosted by a granitoid stock as well as volcanic rocks, is located in Northern Iran. The igneous rocks consist of granodiorite and granite as well as volcanic rocks, such as basaltic andesite and andesite, which are cut by dioritic dykes. The igneous rocks have metaluminous, high K calc‐alkaline, and island‐arc signatures, characterized by enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs). Zircon separates yield U–Pb ages of 47, 43, and 38 Ma for the volcanics, granitoid rocks, and dyke, respectively, indicating that the magmatism associated with gold–copper mineralization occurred during the Eocene. The low Ba/Th, Th/Nb, Ba/La, and Th/Yb ratios in igneous rocks indicate that their mantle source was not likely modified by subduction activity. A comparison of La/Sm against La (ppm), similar Th/Nb and Th/Yb, and average (La/Yb)n ratios to the crust and lower continental crust (LCC) suggests that the magmatism in the Baghu was likely associated with partial melting of juvenile lower crust, induced by north‐westward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere in an extensional setting.
Distinct roles of brain activity and somatotopic representation in pathophysiology of focal dystonia
Authors: Uehara Kazumasa , Furuya Shinichi , Numazawa Hidemi , Kita Kahori , Sakamoto Takashi , Hanakawa Takashi
Published: December 2018

Two main neural mechanisms including loss of cortical inhibition and maladaptive plasticity have been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of focal task‐specific dystonia. Such loss of inhibition and maladaptive plasticity likely correspond to cortical overactivity and disorganized somatotopy, respectively. However, the most plausible mechanism of focal task‐specific dystonia remains unclear. To address this question, we assessed brain activity and somatotopic representations of motor‐related brain areas using functional MRI and behavioral measurement in healthy instrumentalists and patients with embouchure dystonia as an example of focal task‐specific dystonia. Dystonic symptoms were measured as variability of fundamental frequency during long tone playing. We found no significant differences in brain activity between the embouchure dystonia and healthy wind instrumentalists in the motor‐related areas. Assessment of somatotopy, however, revealed significant differences in the somatotopic representations of the mouth area for the right somatosensory cortex between the two groups. Multiple‐regression analysis revealed brain activity in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, cerebellum, and putamen was significantly associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals representing dystonic symptoms. Conversely, somatotopic representations in motor‐related brain areas were not associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals in embouchure dystonia. The present findings suggest that abnormal motor‐related network activity and aberrant somatotopy correlate with different aspects of mechanisms underlying focal task‐specific dystonia.
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma: Do you know your guidelines?
Authors: Kwon Daniel I. , Miles Brett A. ,   Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)
Published: December 2018

Background

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively rare, representing approximately 3% of all head and neck malignancies. It also is characterized by having one of the worst prognoses at time of diagnosis. This is largely due to its tendency for late presentation.

Methods

This article will review current literature including as well as the National Comprehensive NCCN Guidelines Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer.

Results

Hypopharyngeal cancer often presents in an advanced stage and its prognosis is notoriously poor. Treatment goals are similar to other carcinomas of the head and neck and treatment typically involves multiple modalities including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Organ sparing nonsurgical therapy has shown comparable survival outcomes to surgery in early stage hypopharyngeal cancer.

Conclusion

Treating hypopharyngeal cancer remains a challenging prospect for the head and neck oncologist. A multidisciplinary approach is essential due to the necessity of combined therapy treatment protocols. There is opportunity for novel treatments and prospective trials to improve outcomes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Disease prevention by targeting environmental risk factors is likely to have the greatest impact in this disease.
An improved machine learning technique based on downsized KPCA for Alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: Neffati Syrine , Ben Abdellafou Khaoula , Jaffel Ines , Taouali Okba , Bouzrara Kais
Published: December 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a very serious illness that cannot be cured, but the early diagnosis allows precautionary measures to be taken. The current used methods to detect Alzheimer's disease are based on tests of cognitive impairment, which does not provide an exact diagnosis before the patient passes a moderate stage of AD. In this article, a novel classifier of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on the new downsized kernel principal component analysis (DKPCA) and multiclass support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. The suggested scheme classifies AD MRIs. First, a multiobjective optimization technique is used to determine the optimal parameter of the kernel function in order to ensure good classification results and to minimize the number of retained principle components simultaneously. The optimal parameter is used to build the optimized DKPCA model. Second, DKPCA is applied to normalized features. Downsized features are then fed to the classifier to output the prediction. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, DKPCA was tested using synthetic data to demonstrate its efficiency on dimensionality reduction, then the DKPCA based technique was tested on the OASIS MRI database and the results were satisfactory compared to conventional approaches.
Response Surface Analysis of Photo‐Fenton Oxidation of Simazine
Authors: Catalkaya Ebru Cokay , Kargi Fikret
Published: December 2018

Removal of simazine from aqueous solution by photo‐Fenton oxidation was investigated using Box‐Behnken statistical experiment design and the response surface analysis. The effects of simazine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and iron(II) concentrations on the extent of simazine and total organic carbon (TOC) removals were investigated. Optimum reagent doses yielding the highest simazine and TOC removals were determined. The iron(II) concentration had a more pronounced effect than hydrogen peroxide on the percent simazine removal, while all parameters affected the mineralization (TOC removal) of simazine. Nearly complete removal of simazine was achieved within 6 minutes. However, complete mineralization of simazine was not achieved, even within 60 minutes at high simazine doses, indicating the formation of some intermediate products. The optimal H2O2/Fe(II)/simazine ratio, resulting in the maximum pesticide (100%) and TOC removal (100%), was found to be 50/30/0.5 (mg/L).
Urban Stormwater Capture Curve Using Three‐Parameter Mixed Exponential Probability Density Function and NRCS Runoff Curve Number Method
Authors: Kim Sangdan , Han Suhee
Published: December 2018

Most related literature regarding designing urban non‐point‐source management systems assumes that precipitation event‐depths follow the 1‐parameter exponential probability density function to reduce the mathematical complexity of the derivation process. However, the method of expressing the rainfall is the most important factor for analyzing stormwater; thus, a better mathematical expression, which represents the probability distribution of rainfall depths, is suggested in this study. Also, the rainfall‐runoff calculation procedure required for deriving a stormwater‐capture curve is altered by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (Washington, D.C.) (NRCS) runoff curve number method to consider the nonlinearity of the rainfall‐runoff relation and, at the same time, obtain a more verifiable and representative curve for design when applying it to urban drainage areas with complicated land‐use characteristics, such as occurs in Korea. The result of developing the stormwater‐capture curve from the rainfall data in Busan, Korea, confirms that the methodology suggested in this study provides a better solution than the pre‐existing one.
Adsorption of Glyphosate on Resin Supported by Hydrated Iron Oxide: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Jia Dongmei , Zhou Chao , Li Changhai
Published: December 2018

Hydrated iron oxide supported on resin (D301) was prepared as a new sorbent for the removal of glyphosate from wastewater. Batch adsorption studies were performed on glyphosate aqueous solutions with different initial glyphosate concentrations and temperatures. Experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the adsorption data were best fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parametersΔG,ΔH, andΔS also were calculated for the adsorption processes. Adsorption rate constants were determined using the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order rate equations and Kannan‐Sundaram intraparticle diffusion models. Adsorption of glyphosate clearly followed the pseudo‐second‐order model and was controlled by both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion.
LncRNA‐PCAT‐1 promotes non–small cell lung cancer progression by regulating miR‐149‐5p/LRIG2 axis
Authors: Li Jie , Li Yingjie , Wang Bin , Ma Yongfu , Chen Ping
Published: December 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key players in the development and progression of human cancers. The lncRNA PCAT‐1 has been shown to be upregulated in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role and molecular mechanisms in NSCLC cell progression remain unclear. Here, we found that the higher expression of PCAT‐1 led to a significantly poorer survival time, and multivariate analysis revealed that PCAT‐1 was an independent risk factor of prognosis in NSCLC. Furthermore, we also found that the knockdown of PCAT‐1 remarkably suppressed cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that PCAT‐1 directly bound to the miR‐149‐5p, which has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor in diverse cancers. In addition, our results confirmed that the tumor‐promoting effects of PCAT‐1 in NSCLC cells are at least partly through negative modulation of miR‐149‐5p. Finally, mechanistic investigations showed that PCAT‐1 upregulated the expression of miR‐149‐5p target gene leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domains 2 (LRIG2) through competitively “spongeing” miR‐149‐5p. Therefore, we concluded that PCAT‐1 may promote the development of NSCLC through the miR‐149‐5p/LRIG2 axis.
Elevated S100A4 in asthmatics and an allergen‐induced mouse asthma model
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Qu Dongming , Liang Yue , Huang Qinghua , Li Mengze , Hou Changchun
Published: December 2018

The elevated S100A4 level has been found in some inflammatory diseases. However, the expression and role of S100A4 in asthma is unknown. The expression of S100A4 in induced sputum and plasma from healthy control and asthmatics were assessed by ELISA. Then an allergen‐induced asthma mouse model treatment with anti‐S100A4 antibody was used to explore the role of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of asthma. The S100A4 levels in sputum not in plasma in asthmatics were significantly increased than those of healthy controls and were negatively correlated with some lung function parameters and were positively correlated with sputum eosinophilia and lymphocyte. The expression of S100A4 in the lung as well as in BALF were also significantly higher in the asthma mouse model and treatment with anti‐S100A4 antibody exhibited reductions in inflammatory cell accumulation, inflammatory mediators, and airway hyper‐responsiveness. We further showed that LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, markedly decreased S100A4 expression in lung and S100A4 secretion in BALF in asthmatic mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that S100A4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma.
Mental health symptoms and the reintegration difficulty of military couples following deployment: A longitudinal application of the relational turbulence model
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Knobloch‐Fedders Lynne M. , Yorgason Jeremy B.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Understanding the factors that predict the reintegration difficulty of military couples during the postdeployment transition has important implications for theory, research, and practice. Building on the logic of the relational turbulence model, this paper evaluates the relationship processes of reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the connection between people's mental health symptoms and their difficulty with reintegration after deployment.

Method

Dyadic longitudinal data were collected from 555 US military couples once per month for 8 consecutive months.

Results

Findings mapped the trajectory of reintegration difficulty and suggested reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the link between people's depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and the magnitude of their reintegration difficulty.

Conclusion

These results highlight relationship processes as a key domain of intervention to preserve the well‐being of military couples during the postdeployment transition.
Coexpression of UCA1 and ITGA2in pancreatic cancer cells target the expression of miR‐107 through focal adhesion pathway
Authors: Gong Jun , Lu Xiangyu , Xu Jian , Xiong Wei , Zhang Hao , Yu Xiaojiong
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Abnormal expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) are demonstrated in pancreatic cancer (PaC), but a major part of the mechanism remains elusive. This study mainly aimed to structure a coexpressed network of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in PaC, as well as to explore their direct targets.

Methods

LncRNA and mRNA microarrays were used to determine the expression profiles in PaC cells. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was performed to identify pathways associated with differentially expressed mRNAs. Coexpression profiles were identified by constructing differentially expressed lncRNA‐mRNA regulatory network and further validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot assay. The bioinformatics computational method was applied to predict the biological target of lncRNA and mRNA, which was identified by luciferase reporter assay. Migration/invasion ability and apoptosis rate of cells were assessed by transwell assay and flow cytometry assay.

Results

It was identified that the level of urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) was increased in PaC cells, and the inhibition of UCA1 suppressed migration and invasion ability of the cancer cells. The luciferase reporter assay recognized that miR‐107 was targeted by UCA1, and integrin subunit α 2 (ITGA2) was further targeted by miR‐107. This confirmed the prediction of lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulation mechanism. In the regulatory pathways, UCA1 and ITGA2 promoted PaC progression via focal adhesion pathway related proteins such as ITGA3, SRC protooncogene/nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, protein tyrosine kinase 2, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1.

Conclusion

The study revealed a regulatory network of UCA1‐miR‐107‐ITGA2 and validated UCA1 and ITGA2 as potential prognostic factors for PaC.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA PCA3 regulates prostate cancer through sponging miR‐218‐5p and modulating high mobility group box 1
Authors: Zhang Guoxian , He Xiangfei , Ren Chuanchuan , Lin Juntang , Wang Qingwei
Published: December 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) in prostate cancer (PCa) via regulating the miR‐218‐5p/high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) axis.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to divide differentially expressed lncRNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNA (mRNAs). The mRNA expressions of lncRNA PCA3, miR‐218‐5p, and HMGB1 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell propagation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and the apoptotic rate was examined by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were observed through the wound healing assay and transwell assay. Target relationships among PCA3, miR‐218‐5p, and HMGB1 were validated via dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. A nude mouse model in vivo was designed to evaluate the effect of PCA3 on prostate tumor growth.

Results

PCA3 and HMGB1 were high‐expressed in PCa, whereas miR‐218‐5p was low‐expressed. PCA3 knockdown or miR‐218‐5p overexpression suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. Besides, targeted relationships and interactions on the expression between miR‐218‐5p and PCA3 or HMGB1 were elucidated. PCA3 weakened cell viability and mobility whereas induced apoptosis through binding with miR‐218‐5p. Meanwhile, miR‐218‐5p also inhibited PCa tumorigenesis via downregulation of HMGB1. Knockdown of PCA3 impeded tumor growth by downregulating its downstream gene HMGB1.

Conclusions

lncRNA PCA3 facilitated PCa progression through sponging miR‐218‐5p and regulating HMGB1.