bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocalisations of Antarctic blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 IWC/SOWER circumpolar cruises, Area V, Antarctica
Authors: Rankin Shannon , Ljungblad Don , Clark Chris , Kato Hidehiro
Published: March 2023

Blue whale vocalisations recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 International Whaling Commission-Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (IWC/SOWER) cruises were analysed to determine the feasibility of using acoustic recordings for sub-species identification of the Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and the pygmy blue whale (B.m. brevicauda). The research was conducted in IWC Area V, from latitude 60°S to the ice edge and between longitudes 130°E and 150°E on the Shonan Maru (2001/2002), and between 150°E and 170°W on the Shonan Maru No.2 (2002/2003). Data including 15 groups consisting of 42 animals, as well as opportunistic recordings of an unknown number of animals during evening sonobuoy stations were examined for this study. Vocalisations included long-duration 28Hz tonal sounds and relatively short-duration frequency-modulated sounds. The short-duration calls were similar to vocalisations recorded in the presence of blue whales in other locations worldwide. Not all recordings contained the longduration 28Hz call, considered to be a species-specific vocalisation of Antarctic blue whales. None of the sounds that have previously been attributed to pygmy blue whales were detected. The long-duration 28Hz tonal vocalisations included 3-unit calls, considered to be song phrases, as well as simple 28Hz sounds and 28Hz sounds followed by a downsweep. The centre and peak frequencies of the 28Hz tone for these three sound types were stable regardless of signal strength; however, for the 3-unit vocalisation, the presence and characteristics of their 2nd and 3rd units were variable. Examination of two distinct groups of simultaneously vocalising blue whales showed no evidence of temporally repeated patterns of vocalisations (song phrases). The results of this study suggest that the peak frequency of the 28Hz vocalisations may be used as a diagnostic feature to aid in discriminating between Antarctic blue whales and pygmy blue whales in the field; however, examination of vocalisations in relation to group size and behaviour are necessary to understand the circumstances in which the 28Hz vocalisations are produced.
Results and evaluation of US Navy shock trial environmental mitigation of marine mammals and sea turtles
Authors: Clarke Janet T. , Norman Stephanie A.
Published: March 2023

A shock trial of a US Navy Destroyer, the USS Winston S. Churchill, was conducted offshore of northern Florida in May and June 2001. The shock trial consisted of three underwater detonation tests, spaced approximately one week apart. Environmental mitigation to minimise the impact of the shock trial on marine mammals and sea turtles was based on a Safety Range of 3.7km (2 n.miles) radius around the detonation site, and a Buffer Zone of an additional 1.85km (1 n.mile) radius beyond the Safety Range. Mitigation included site selection surveys, pre-detonation aerial, vessel and bio-acoustic monitoring, and post-detonation aerial and vessel monitoring. Six species of odontocete and two species of sea turtle were identified during mitigation monitoring, as well as several sightings that could not be identified by species. Site selection aerial surveys were implemented to select a test site with the lowest abundance of marine mammals and sea turtles. Nearly 300 animals were seen during site selection surveys. Pre-detonation aerial and vessel monitoring was implemented to sight any marine mammal and sea turtle within the Safety Range on designated test days, and track the animals until they could be verified to be outside the Safety Range. Approximately 1,200 marine mammals and 32 sea turtles were sighted during pre-detonation monitoring. Pre-detonation bio-acoustic monitoring was implemented to detect large cetaceans within the Safety Range and Buffer Zone; the only calls heard were from dolphins that could not be localised. Post-detonation monitoring was implemented to determine the effectiveness of mitigation procedures. No injured or dead marine mammals or turtles were detected during approximately 185 hours of post-detonation aerial and vessel visual monitoring. Post-detonation monitoring resulted in observations of 767 marine mammals and 42 sea turtles. With only two exceptions, the same marine mammal and sea turtle species were observed prior to, during and after the shock trial test time period. Factors leading to the success of this environmental mitigation effort are summarised, and recommendations for improvements to mitigation efforts of this size and scope are suggested. These recommendations include the use of a simultaneous second aircraft for improved coverage during pre-detonation surveys, increased post-detonation aerial monitoring, equitable survey data for all test sites under consideration during planning stages, and reassessment of bio-acoustic monitoring need and purpose.
Genetic analyses (mtDNA and microsatellites) of Okhotsk and Bering/Chukchi/Beaufort Seas populations of bowhead whales
Authors: LeDuc R. G. , Dizon A. E. , Burdin A. M. , Blockhin S. A. , George J. C. , Brownell Jr. R. L.
Published: March 2023

Both North Pacific populations of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) underwent heavy exploitation by commercial whalers in the 19th century, but their reduction in numbers was unequal and their contemporary population sizes differ by an order of magnitude. To investigate the genetic divergence of the different populations, tissue samples of bowhead whales representing the Okhotsk Sea (OS) population (25 samples) and the Bering/Chukchi/Beaufort Seas (BCBS) population (29 samples) were used to generate mtDNA control region sequences and genotypes for three microsatellite loci. There were 20 haplotypes represented in the contemporary BCBS samples and four in the OS samples, three of which were shared with the BCBS samples. The BCBS samples had a much greater haplotypic diversity (0.93) than the OS samples (0.61). Analyses of both types of data revealed significant genetic differences between the two populations, indicating that the populations represent discrete gene pools.
Impact of Religion on Modern Hospitality and Tourism in India
Authors: Patel Lakshmi
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impact of religion on modern hospitality and tourism in India

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The results show that showed that the current competitive environment, the tourism and hospitality industries are constantly searching for new customer segments and for ways of improving competitiveness. Thus, the provision of religious aspects in the hospitality product could prove a valuable and integral part of the customer's orientation.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory and the rational choice theory may be used to anchor future studies in the tourism sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of religious organizations in the country will also use the study findings to improve tourism performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the tourism industry will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on the Hospitality Sectors in Ethiopia
Authors: Abela Aaron
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impacts of foreign direct investments on the hospitality sectors in Ethiopia.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The results show that showed that the success of the hospitality industry in developing countries depends on the levels of foreign direct investment. Although many developing countries have natural features such as beaches, rivers, and other natural resources, local capital to invest in those resources is unavailable. The tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the global economy and a key driver of socio-economic development, as it is labor-intensive and stimulates SME growth and investment. It has been used in other countries as an economic driver for growth which can widely support poverty reduction.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practices and Policies: The capital market theory, investment development path theory and the eclectic theory may be used to anchor future studies in the tourism sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of hospitality management companies in the country will also use the study findings to improve tourism performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the tourism sector will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
Finding the Signal from the Smoke
Authors: Ngai Michael , Fu Eugene , Tam Andy , Yang Amber , Ngai Grace
Published: March 2023

Cooking fires are dangerous. Every year, they are responsible for taking away more than 500 lives in the U.S. alone. Existing approaches using sensors usually require expensive retrofitting and are not feasible in real-life situations. This research presents Finding-Signals-from-Smoke (FiSS), a robust fire machine learning prediction model that aims to prevent cooking fires from starting using videos captured with a normal camera. FiSS is based on a 3-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network, which analyzes the video signals and models the complex relationships of the spatial-temporal features of smoke signals with fire ignition. It uses a segment-based video sampling and modeling framework that is able to generalize to a variety of kitchen/stove settings and achieve promising prediction performance. FiSS is trained and evaluated with video data from 30 full-scale kitchen fire experiments and can predict potential fire ignitions as early as 60 seconds before the moment of ignition. As a result, FiSS can be used in an early warning system to prevent fire ignitions and help to reduce casualties and injuries from cooking fires.
Are Musicians Being Replaced by Artificial Intelligence?
Authors: Chen Matthew , Mani Ganesh , Renaud Alfred
Published: March 2023

The use of machine learning in music interpretation is a tricky subject due to human subjectivity and personal preferences. Magenta’s PerformanceRNN provides a benchmark with which musicianship and human performance can be replicated and thus evaluated.
Análise das notificações espontâneas dos incidentes ocorridos em um hospital de ensino
Authors: Sousa Rafael Gomes , Marques Frederico Andrade , Figueiredo Mirela Lopes , Esteves Kênia Alencar Fróes , Souto Simone Guimarães Teixeira , Soares Annie Victória Souza , Silva Charles Caldas
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: avaliar as ocorrências de incidentes notificados espontaneamente em um hospital de ensino de Minas Gerais. Materiais e Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital mineiro de ensino. A amostra foi composta por 375 incidentes notificados entre 2017 a 2019. Resultados: a prevalência foi de 12,2 por 1000 internações, tendo sido evidenciada maior frequência nos respectivos setores: Clínica Médica, Serviços Diagnósticos e Imagem e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Houve maior ocorrência de notificações relacionadas à falha na assistência e nos medicamentos. As principais causas foram atribuídas a fatores humanos. Conclusão: houve um leve aumento no número de notificações gerais ao longo dos anos. Apesar disso, a mudança cultural acerca da segurança do paciente ainda constitui um desafio e requer tempo na rotina da instituição.
Lack of Contentment as The Root of Corruption (1Tim 6:3-10): Nigerian Experience
Authors: Ezeogamba Anthony Ezeogamba
Published: March 2023

Contentment is a life of happiness and satisfaction with what one has.  It is, in Igbo parlance, against "Ita abacha na aro akpu anya".[1] This is one of the greatest virtues that the majority of people lack.  Nigeria under Gen. Obasanjo and Alhaji Atiku Abubakar according to Deputy National Publicity Secretary of APC, Mr. Yekini Nabena spent $16 billion on the power sector during their tenor as president and vice yet there is nothing to show for it.[2]  One wonders whether the money was shared or what?  The question was asked because those managing the affairs of the country at the point were financially well-to-do.  The majority feel that the money was embezzled.  Lack of contentment and embezzlement of the fund are what make some countries today to be failed states.  It is what makes people get trapped into all sorts of foolish and harmful ambitions which plunge people into ruin and destruction (1 Tim 6:9). Hence, Paul says, "Love of money is the root of all evils" (1 Tim: 10).  Nigeria is a country highly blessed with rich natural recourses like petroleum, coal, Iron ore, Limestone, Uranium, etc, yet Nigeria has practically nothing to show for them, instead, backwardness has become her lot.  The question one has to ask is, how contented are Nigerians and their leaders?  This paper aims at showing that if the political leaders, as well as citizens of Nigeria, are contented with what they have, Nigeria would have been the envy of the whole world.  The researcher employed Historical-Critical (HC) and Textual Critical (TC) Methods to interpret 1 Tim. 6:3-10.  HC Method is used because we are handling an ancient text – 1 Tim. 6:3-10. This will enable us to understand the world behind the text.  TC Method was also employed for us to arrive at the original words of Paul in 1 Tim. 6:3-10 so as to avoid misinterpreting his thought. These methods were also used to analyze the generated data.  The writer discovered that the greatest problem we have in Nigeria is that the majority of her politicians and citizens are greedy and incontinent hence, lack of development is the other of the day. The writer, as a matter of policy, recommends among other things that before anyone can be elected to be president, that person must convincingly show that he is contented with what he has. Hence, contentment is the answer.  Significantly, this paper shall be relevant to both Nigerians and indeed every institution or nation that wants to develop.
Innovation Practices and Performance of Islamic Banks in Nairobi-Kenya
Authors: Issak Abdiaziz Ibrahim Sheikh , Odollo Lawrence
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The dominant feature of the modern financial system is a high pace of innovation practices, both in terms of their number and value. Thus, it is important to analyze their influence on the financial system. The current study aimed at determining the effect of innovation practices on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence product innovation practices, process innovation practices, technological innovation practices and market innovation practices on the organizational performance of Islamic banks in Kenya. This study was informed by the following theories and models: the innovation diffusion theory of innovation, the Henderson-Clark model of innovation, the Task Technology Fit theory of innovation and the Shareholder’s Wealth Maximization (SWM) Theory.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted 3 Islamic banks in Kenya with a total of 142 managers. The sample selection was scientifically guided using the Yamane (1967) simplified formula to calculate the sample size of 105 respondents. The study used structured questionnaires to collect the data. In order to ascertain how valid and reliable the questionnaires are, a pilot study was carried out. Descriptive statistics was used to collect summary statistics including means and standard deviations while inferential statistics helped in measuring the causal relationship between the variables and included correlation and regression analysis. The generation of the statistics was through SPSS program (v.25.0). The study employed both figures and tables to present the results of the study.

Findings: The results established that product innovation practices, process innovation practices, technological innovation practices and market innovation practices positively and significantly affect the organizational performance of Islamic commercial banks in Kenya. This is shown by respective beta values of 0.398, 0.311, 0.443 and 0.295 and respective significant values of 0.002, 0.009, 0.000 and 0.01.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results bears the implications that increasing each of the variable with one unit results to increase in organizational performance levels of Islamic commercial banks with respective beta values. The study recommends the Islamic commercial banks operating in Kenya to enhance their product innovation, process innovation, technological innovation and market innovation practices since the practices positively and significantly affects organizational performance.
IZVJEŠTAVANJE HRVATSKIH PORTALA O NAVIJAČKOJ SKUPINI TORCIDA: ANALIZA SADRŽAJA SLOBODNE DALMACIJE I VEČERNJEGA LISTA
Authors: Bebić Domagoj , Boko Antea , Dolinar Daniela
Published: March 2023

Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti kako portali hrvatskih dnevnih novina Slobodne Dalmacije i Večernjega
lista izvještavaju o navijačkoj skupini Torcida. U radu je bilo ključno napraviti usporedbu načina,
obrazaca i karakteristika prilikom izvještavanja regionalnoga i nacionalnoga portala u Hrvatskoj.
Također je prikazan detaljan teorijski okvir koji ima uporište u sociološkim istraživanjima, kao i prethodnim istraživanjima koja su proučavala izvještavanje medija o navijačkim skupinama. Za potrebe
ovoga istraživanja odabrana je metoda analize sadržaja. Uzorak ovoga istraživanja čini ukupno 109
članaka s portala Slobodne Dalmacije i Večernjega lista u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2021. godine do 31.
prosinca 2021. godine u kojima se spominje Torcida. Portali najčešće koriste naslove informativna
karaktera prilikom izvještavanja o Torcidi, ali koriste senzacionalističke naslove kada je riječ o negativnu i nasilnu ponašanju navijača. Iako su detektirani pozitivni obrasci prilikom izvještavanja o navijačkoj skupini Torcida, novinari i dalje u određenoj mjeri krše etička načela prilikom izvještavanja
o sukobima sa suparničkim navijačkim skupinama i policijom.
Ključne riječi: Torcida, medijsko izvještavanje, hrvatski portali, senzacionalizam, sportsko novinarstvo
ULOGA I AKTIVNOSTI FUNKCIJE ODNOSA S JAVNOŠĆU U MENADŽMENTU PODUZEĆA
Authors: Vasilj Damir , Korda Izabella Katarina
Published: March 2023

Velik broj uspješnih poduzeća, javnih ustanova ili nevladinih organizacija podrazumijeva i postojanje strateški osmišljenih programa odnosa s javnošću. Odgovarajući način predstavljanja poduzeća
na tržištu zahtijeva i odgovarajući način komuniciranja sa svim javnostima koje imaju utjecaj na
njihovo poslovanje. Poduzeće s jasno definiranom vizijom, misijom i ciljevima rezultat je jasne strategije odnosa s javnošću. Kreiranjem programa komuniciranja koji su usklađeni s cjelokupnom poslovnom strategijom poduzeća imaju mnogo veće mogućnosti ostvariti dugoročan poslovni i tržišni
uspjeh te ostvariti razumijevanje sa svojim potrošačima i ostalim ciljnim javnostima. Pravilno uspostavljeni odnosi s javnošću omogućavaju kvalitetne odnose s različitim javnostima koji će koristiti
poduzeću. Provedeno istraživanje ukazuje na hijerarhijski veću poziciju funkcije odnosa s javnošću
u menadžmentu poduzeća u BiH. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je funkcija odnosa s javnošću hijerarhijski pozicionirana pri vrhovnomu menadžmentu, odnosno da svoje aktivnosti provode kroz ured
uprave te kao takva ima značajniju ulogu u poduzećima. Odnos između organizacije i javnosti veoma
je bitan i mora biti jedna od najvažnijih aktivnosti lidera organizacije. Jedan od najčešćih problema
odnosa s javnošću kao funkcije jest ta što se većinski provodi kroz druge funkcije i kao takva ne dobiva adekvatnu evaluaciju. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je jedan od najvećih problema u struci upravo
nerazumijevanje važnosti funkcije ili odjela odnosa s javnošću u poduzećima. Poput svih menadžera
i menadžeri funkcije odnosa s javnošću trebaju znati kako mjeriti svoj uspjeh i u konačnici kako se on
odražava na poslovni uspjeh organizacije. Da bi odnosi s javnošću pridonijeli uspjehu organizacije,
oni moraju biti učinkoviti i efektivni, odnosno stvarati rezultate i prilikom toga raditi razliku u odnosu na prethodno stanje.
Ključne riječi: odnosi s javnošću, poduzeća, uloga i aktivnosti odnosa s javnošću, menadžment
CONVERGENCE IN PUBLIC RELATIONS
Authors: Tomaš Antonia , Topić Stipić Davorka
Published: March 2023

Today, we encounter the term “convergence” in various contexts, so it is defined as a process by which
things are brought closer to each other or as a process of combining, permeating and joint functioning of certain media and channels. Convergence in itself corresponds completely to the term, but
also to the practical application of public relations. Public relations are processes of communication
of an organization with its internal and external public to accomplish mutual understanding, build
social responsibility, and realize common interests. They aim to establish and develop relations while
striving for two-way symmetry.
The key aspect of public relations is accomplished by the integration of channels of communication.
Therefore, the convergence of media becomes an indispensable part of integrated communication.
Since public relations use channels of communication to communicate daily with their target audiences in choosing strategies and tactics of communication, the practitioners of public relations
will always go from an integrated approach to converging communication channels and ensuring a
symmetrical transfer of a message. In terms of communication management, the tactics, strategies,
and approaches of public relations depend largely on the medium of communication. As such, the
convergence of traditional and new media has brought a drastic change to public relations. Public
relations, as a dynamic profession, should be the leader in the use of digital skills, and convergence
as a “digital creative platform” becomes an opportunity that also gives answers to the challenges of
digital transformations of integrated communication.
Keywords: public relations, convergence, integrated communications
BRENDIRANJE GRADOVA KROZ SPORT: SPORTSKI DOGAĐAJI U FUNKCIJI BRENDIRANJA GRADOVA KAO TURISTIČKIH DESTINACIJA
Authors: Azinović Nela , Vegar Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Sportski marketing grana je marketinga kojoj su ciljevi privući ciljnu skupinu, poboljšati imidž osobe, proizvoda, podignuti razinu oglašavanja i ostvariti profit. Sport nudi najveću mogućnost brendiranja zbog svoje raznolikosti i velika utjecaja. Sportski marketing kao znanstvena disciplina proučava postupke koji jamče najviši stupanj učinkovitosti primjene marketinga u sportu, uz primjenu
znanstvenih metoda i načela, a u svrhu napretka i razvoja sportske djelatnosti, znanstvenoga predviđanja na temelju poznate prošlosti i kritičke ocjene sadašnjosti te povezivanja ponude i potražnje
na sportskome tržištu. Odnosi s javnošću često stvaraju publicitet za promociju sportskih proizvoda,
no to im nije jedina funkcija. Također imaju komunikacijsku funkciju koja je zadužena za informiranje
javnosti, pomoć sportašima i sportskim zvijezdama u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji u klubu, tzv. interna
komunikacija, te s medijima i ostalom javnošću, odnosno eksterna komunikacija. Odnosi s javnošću
i marketing u sportu mogu zajedno izvrsno brendirati neki grad kao poželjnu turističku destinaciju.
Kulturna razmjena, izvoz kulture i sport čine tzv. heksagon konkurentskoga identiteta. Sport i sportaši najveći su ambasadori svakoga grada i države. Sport kao zdrav način brendiranja ponajviše pridonosi prepoznavanju i promoviranju nekoga grada. U radu se stavlja naglasak na potencijal i važnost
koje sportski događaji imaju u brendiranju destinacija te na to koliko je to složen i zahtjevan proces
koji obogaćuje turistički potencijal destinacije i čini je održivom na turističkome tržištu. Kao primjer
uzeti su gradovi Mostar, Sarajevo, Ljubuški te važni događaji po kojima su oni poznati u svijetu.
Ključne riječi: sport, brendiranje, turistička destinacija.
Tekstil Sektöründe Çevresel Duyarlılık ve Sürdürülebilirlik Politikalarına Yönelik Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: AĞRAŞ Süleyman , ÇETİNKAYA Fatma
Published: March 2023

sürdürülebilirlik politikalarının incelenmesidir. Bu inceleme ile tekstil işletmelerinin hangi alanlarda çevresel duyarlılık ve sürdürülebilirlik politikası belirledikleri ve belirlenen politikalarda ön plana çıkan unsurların neler olduğunun ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla nitel bir araştırma yapılmış olup doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılarak İstanbul Sanayi Odaları (ISO)’nın her yıl düzenli olarak açıkladığı Türkiye’de ilk 500 sanayi kuruluşu arasında yer alan ve farklı alanlarda üretim yapan 89 tekstil işletmesinin çevresel duyarlılık ve sürdürülebilirlik politikalarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, işletmelerin web sitelerindeki paylaştıkları resmi politikalarına dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, 8 ana başlıkta içerik analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları işletmelerin en fazla, atık, enerji, su ve doğal kaynak yönetimi alanlarında politika geliştirdiklerini göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda tekstil işletmelerinin çevresel duyarlılık ve sürdürülebilirlik politikalarının kapsam ve içerikleri dikkate alınarak bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
A Review on Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Methods
Authors: Deepthi D S  , Dr. Sindhu R
Published: March 2023

Diabetes mellitus frequently results in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which results in lesions on the eye that impair vision. Blindness may result if it is not caught in time. Unfortunately, there is no cure for DR; treatment only preserves eyesight. Early diagnosis and treatment of DR can greatly lower the chance of vision loss. In contrast to computer-aided diagnosis methods, the manual diagnosis of DR retinal fundus images by ophthalmologists is time-, effort-, and cost-consuming as well as prone to error. Recently, deep learning has become one of the most common techniques that has improved performance in many areas, especially medical image analysis and classification. Convolutional neural networks are more frequently employed as a deep learning technique in the study of medical images, and they are very successful. In this paper, state-of-the-art techniques for deep learning-based detection and classification of DR color fundus images have been reviewed.
Ideological Immunity is a Stable Mechanism for Eliminating any Threats
Authors: Turaev Shavkat Nishonovich
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the terrorist acts taking place around us, ideological threats, interference of military and economically powerful states in the internal affairs of independent states, as a result of which peaceful people die, in preventing such cases, the formation of ideological immunity is considered relevant
Paratextos e tradução: o modus operandi de Eugénio de Andrade
Authors: Petriglia Marcella
Published: March 2023

A atividade tradutória de Eugénio de Andrade constitui uma parte conspícua, porém pouco estudada, da sua produção. O poeta não deixou estudos sistemáticos a esse propósito, mas acompanhou os seus trabalhos com reflexões breves e assistemáticas. No presente estudo analisaremos vários paratextos (Genette, 1987, Batchelor, 2018) com o objetivo de individuar o método tradutório do poeta e esclarecer a sua relação com esta atividade. Veremos como a prática tradutória comporta para o autor a análise comparativa das versões em várias línguas e o estudo filológico dos textos, delineando-se assim um método que apresenta elementos comuns com algumas das mais modernas teorias sobre a tradução (Buffoni, Meschonnic). A análise permitirá, ainda, mostrar que Eugénio de Andrade encara o texto como “texto em movimento”.
"E então ele foi chapinhando até a porta": uma análise de tradução de modo de movimento em inglês para polonês e português brasileiro
Authors: Ferreira Alicja Goczyla , Moura Heronides
Published: March 2023

O objetivo do artigo é analisar padrões de lexicalização de modo de movimento nas traduções de um texto literário em inglês para polonês e para português brasileiro. Apoiados na classificação talmiana de línguas com frame nos satélites e línguas com frame nos verbos, como também na teoria Thinking for Translating de Slobin, comparamos as frequências da presença do componente modo de movimento e a sua lexicalização com o auxílio de verbos de modo ou de verbos de trajetória nos textos sob escrutínio. Como esperado, os textos em inglês e em polonês contêm mais verbos de modo do que o texto brasileiro, embora, surpreendentemente, esse último expresse o modo com frequência apenas ligeiramente mais baixa do que o texto original. A análise de técnicas de tradução demonstrou que o texto brasileiro se mantém mais fiel na tradução do modo, enquanto o texto polonês exibe numerosas modulações e adições do modo, ausentes no texto original. Concluímos, portanto, que os padrões de lexicalização, influenciados pela direcionalidade linguística, resultam também das decisões criativas dos tradutores.
Análisis de necesidades y opinión del alumnado respecto a las competencias del grado en Traducción e Interpretación en el ámbito de la traducción económica, comercial y financiera
Authors: Calvo-Ferrer José Ramón
Published: March 2023

El concepto de competencia posee gran relevancia tanto en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior como en traductología, donde distintos estudios han intentado explicar las distintas destrezas operativas que subyacen a la práctica de la traducción. Sin embargo, pese a la existencia de numerosas investigaciones acerca de los lenguajes de especialidad, de la noción de competencia traductora y de la opinión de traductores e intérpretes profesionales acerca de la adecuación de las competencias formativas al mercado laboral, existen escasas investigaciones desde la perspectiva del alumnado. Considerando la importancia de la traducción económica en el marco de los lenguajes de especialidad, el presente estudio ofrece una aproximación, por medio de un análisis de necesidades, a la opinión del alumnado de grado y posgrado respecto a las competencias en los estudios de Traducción e Interpretación y las actividades más adecuadas para alcanzarlas en el ámbito de la traducción económica, comercial y financiera.
Sylvainia, a new monospecific genus within the subtribe Cephalanthinae (Rubiaceae, Naucleeae)
Authors: Romero María Florencia , Gonzalez Ana Maria , Salas Roberto Manuel
Published: March 2023

Background and aims – The genus Cephalanthus belongs to the tribe Naucleeae together with 26 other genera. Members of Cephalanthus mainly grow in temperate and subtropical wetlands in the Americas and Asia, but there is a single African species that is associated with forest margins and rocky outcrops in moist temperate grasslands. The genus comprises six species and was historically known to have species with a markedly disjunct distribution: three species are from the Americas: C. glabratus, C. occidentalis, and C. salicifolius; two species are from tropical Asia: C. angustifolius and C. tetrandrus, and one species is from tropical Africa: C. natalensis. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have supported the monophyly of the genus, however, most of the morphological synapomorphies are absent in the only African species, which is sister to the remaining species of the genus. This work aims to provide a short taxonomic revision of the genus Cephalanthus, taking into consideration morphological aspects previously underestimated or not considered, and to describe a new monospecific genus based on comparative morphological analysis.

Material and methods – Vegetative and reproductive material from all the species of Cephalanthus were analysed following conventional taxonomy techniques.

Key results – We transferred C. natalensis to a new genus, Sylvainia. Morphological similarities and differences between Cephalanthus and the new genus are discussed. Cephalanthus glabrifolius, a poorly known species and previously considered a synonym of C. tetrandrus, is resurrected as a valid species, bringing the number of species in Cephalanthus to six again. All species are described, illustrated, and their known distributions plotted on regional maps.

Conclusion – The subtribe Cephalanthinae now has two genera, its type Cephalanthus with six species, and a new monospecific genus Sylvainia endemic to south-eastern Africa. Based on the amended description of Cephalanthus, now absent from Africa, the generic concept is substantially modified, being represented now by three American and three Asian species.
CHRONIC WOUNDS
Authors: Quitéria Fernandes Ferreira Ana , Carolinne Marie dos Santos Gomes Anne , Ellen Costa Vasconcelos Eduarda , Carolina Salustino dos Santos Maria
Published: March 2023

Wounds, due to their complexity, end up impairing the functioning of the skin, causing disability or loss of function, in some cases, they can affect the patient’s general condition, especially when not properly treated, which can lead to severe infections or sepsis and lead the individual to the death. Symptoms such as low self-esteem, lack of motivation, social and work changes, deficits in quality of life and changes in self-image can also be attributed.
A Review of Ocular Surgeries Performed in 2020 and 2021 at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anwar Bhatti Shahid , Ahmed Choudry Tanveer , Asif Muhammad , Mushtaq Rehana , Asif Huda
Published: March 2023

Objective: To review the types and total number of ocular surgeries performed at Tertiary Care Hospital in two consecutive years i.e.,2020 & 2021. This study will also indicate the pattern of ophthalmic diseases in the catchment area of the hospital. Methods: It was retrospective study. Study center was Tertiary Care Hospital. Study duration was two years i.e., 1-1-2020 to 31-12-2021.Data was obtained from eye department of Tertiary Care Hospital. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Tables and graphs were made which presented total number and percentage of all data. Results: Only one ocular surgery i.e., enucleation was carried out in 2020 upon a female 31 years of age. In next year total number of ophthalmic surgeries performed was 60. 66.6 % surgeries were performed due to cataract. 60% of males were operated for cataract and 40% were females. 53.3 % of total surgeries were performed upon females . 10% of total surgeries were performed for squint, predominantly in females, 83.3 % of total squint surgeries. 60% of patients belonged to age group of 60-75years. Conclusion: Number of surgeries carried out in 2020 was only one. In 2021 it increased upto 60 surgeries. How to cite: Bhatti SA, Choudry TA, Asif M, Mushtaq R, Asif H. A Review of Ocular Surgeries Performed in 2020 and 2021 at Tertiary Care Hospital. Esculapio - JSIMS 2022;18(04):248-252
An exploration of the taxability of income derived from illegal activities in South Africa
Authors:   , Madubedube Andisiwe Sibulele
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to explore the taxability of income derived from illegal activities in South Africa. The issue of whether or not income earned by a taxpayer as a consequence of illegal activity should be deemed income received by the taxpayer has caused controversy in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. According to the definition of "gross income", it has been found in a number of studies that a person can be subject to taxation based on either their receipts or their accruals. Gross income is what is required by South African Revenue Services from every taxpayer to declare all of his income in his tax return, including money from unlawful activities such as proceeds from the fraud. The rationale of this study was to tighten the present law on unlawful income taxation by determining and comprehending the appropriate technique for the courts to use in evaluating whether a taxpayer has ‘received’ illicit money for gross income purposes. This study was a qualitative, non-empirical investigation of the taxability of income earned through unlawful activities. In order to construct a hypothesis, the study used an inductive research approach to produce meaning from the data set acquired by identifying patterns and linkages. The inductive approach, on the other hand, allows the researcher to formulate the problem under review research using an existing theory, as was the case in this study. The study identified tools that allow tax authorities the power to have access to all taxpayers’ financial information that could help in identifying their income for taxation purposes. The findings of the study include that, in all jurisdictions, income is regarded as taxable income if it falls within the definitions of taxable income, regardless of the nature of its legality. The significance of the study suggested enacting a legislative measure to ensure a more united, uniform, and effective strategy to tax unlawful money. And it is also critical in tightening the present legislation on illegal income taxation in identifying and analyzing the suitable methods for assessing whether the taxpayer has ‘received’ illegal income for gross income purposes. . The rules controlling taxation must be viewed in the context of other legal concepts, particularly the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (the Constitution) is the country’s supreme law.
Is there a Neo-Fisher Effect in the case of Selected Central and Eastern European Countries?
Authors: ANGHELESCU Cristina
Published: March 2023

At the current juncture, the global economy is facing adverse supply side shocks amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. The persistent energy crisis and a potential flare-up in bottlenecks in global value chains are expected to further fuel inflationary pressures. Against the background of escalating prices, central banks have already started increasing the key interest rates.
Enterprise Reporting as A Tool For Decision Support
Authors: VARMUS Michal , SROKA Włodzimierz , BUBELÍNY Oliver , KUBINA Milan
Published: March 2023

The volume of unstructured data at enterprises is growing and there is a great demand for solutions that can process data and for people who know the relevant technologies. By structuring data and viewing them in the context of the corporate system, data support for decision making is created.
The Approaches to Information Security in Small and Medium-sized Companies in Slovakia: An Empirical Study
Authors: BELÁŇOVÁ Benita , , HAMRANOVÁ Anna , ČERNÝ Matej
Published: March 2023

Securing information security is in the interest of all users of information and communication technologies, namely individuals, businesses and organizations, national authorities and institutions, multinational groups, and IT consulting companies. In this paper, we evaluate the results of our surveys in the field of information security in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises, which were carried out in the years 2008 - 2020.
Experiences with Remote Working among Civil Servants in the Czech Republic and their Attitude toward its Use in the Future
Authors: Bestová Lucie , Horváthová Petra
Published: March 2023

The use of remote working was one of the biggest changes in the labour market not only in the Czech Republic, which was started by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to map the experiences of civil servants in the Czech Republic with this type of work, the extent to which they used remote working during the pandemic, and how it affected their experiences.
Cooperators Pay More Attention to the Outcome of Mutual Cooperation in the One-Shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Game: Empirical Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Maeda Kaede , Hashimoto Hirofumi , Tanida Shigehito
Published: March 2023

Based on the dual-process theory, we hypothesized that cooperators in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game would exhibit intuitive decision-making. We also hypothesized that an experimental manipulation that may prevent intuitive cooperation (in this study, inverting the payoff matrix) would result in more protracted decision-making and thus lower cooperation rates. To examine these hypotheses, we designed an experiment using an eye-tracking device. In one condition, the outcome of mutual cooperation in the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game was presented in the upper left-hand corner explaining the result of mutual cooperation first, as in many previous studies (control condition). To suppress the function of intuitive cooperation, we also set the inverted payoff matrix condition in which the positions of the outcomes of mutual cooperation and mutual non-cooperation in the payoff matrix were inverted, explaining the result of mutual non-cooperation first. Although our results did not show the expected differences between the two conditions, it was suggested that cooperators’ decision-making time was shorter in the control condition and that cooperators consistently paid more attention to the outcome of mutual cooperation regardless of the conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the intuitive cooperation model and the social exchange heuristic.
A 43-year-old male with acute right upper quadrant pain and skin rash
Authors: Ufuk F , Utebey A.R. , Yilmaz S
Published: March 2023

A 43-year-old male presented with acute right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and itchy skin rash for two hours. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and itchy abdominal skin lesions that are compatible with urticaria. The patient’s blood pressure was 95/55 mmHg, pulse rate was 122 beats/minute, body temperature was 37.1 C degrees, and partial oxygen saturation was 96% in the room air. He had no history of recent trauma or chronic disease. Laboratory test results were within normal limits except for increased white blood cell count (14.79 K/uL, reference range; 4-10 K/uL). Abdominal ultrasound (US) was performed, and the US revealed abdominal free fluid and a thin-walled lobulated cystic lesion in the liver dome. For further evaluation, contrastenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) was obtained. CT showed a thin-walled cystic lesion with lobulated contours in the liver, pericystic fat stranding, perihepatic free fluid, and right pleural effusion (Figure 1).
Neuromodulating agents in functional dyspepsia: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bosman L , Wauters L , Vanuytsel T
Published: March 2023

Background and study aims: Functional dyspepsia is a common chronic condition with upper abdominal symptoms in the absence of an organic cause. The first line treatment consists of protonpomp inhibition or Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, this approach often does not provide enough symptom relief. Neuromodulating agents are commonly used in clinical practice but only tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) are mentioned in European and American and Canadian guidelines.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the literature in Pubmed for full-text randomized controlled trials in English with adult participants (>18 years) who met the Rome II, III or IV criteria or were diagnosed by a physician with a negative upper endoscopy and that compared a neuromodulating agent with placebo.

Results: The search strategy identified 386 articles of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria. TCAs like amitriptyline and imipramine have been shown to be effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia whereas other neuromodulating agents like tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics might be beneficial but conclusive evidence is lacking. serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have not shown benefit in patients with functional dyspepsia

Conclusion: Selected neuromodulators have an established efficacy in functional dyspepsia. The best supporting evidence is available for TCAs with a potential role for tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics
Driving performance of outpatients achieving discharge criteria after deep sedation is worse than these of their escort-driver: a prospective observational study on simulator
Authors: Lois F.J. , Massart Q , Warner D.O. , Malengreaux C , Knops M , Nyssen A.S. , Brichant J.F. , Hallet C.O.
Published: March 2023

Background: Achieving post-anesthesia discharge criteria after surgery or outpatient procedures does not mean that the patient has regained all his or her faculties, such as driving. Although mandated by many clinical guidelines, there is no evidence that escort-drivers reduce the risk of traffic accidents after deep sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate that hypothesis that driving performance as measured using a driving simulation would not differ between patients who had undergone deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy meeting discharge criteria and their escorts.

Methods: This prospective study included patients scheduled for ambulatory gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep propofol sedation (patient group) and their escorts (escort group). Driving performance of escorts and patients (when discharge criteria were met) was assessed using a driving simulator.

Results: 30 patients and their escorts were included. Patients crossed the midline significantly more frequently than escorts (3 [2-4] (median [IQR]) and 2 [1-3] crossings, respectively, p=0.015]. Patients were speeding for a higher proportion of the distance traveled compared with escorts (37 (20)% (mean (SD)) and 24 (17)% in patients and escorts, respectively, p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between groups in other simulation parameters.

Conclusions: The ability to stay within the traffic lanes, as measured by the number of midline crossing during a simulated driving performance, is impaired in patients who meet discharge criteria after gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation compared with their escorts. This finding does not support a practice of allowing patients to drive themselves home after these procedures.