bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla frutescens seed oil rich in omega-3 fatty acid on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Kangwan Napapan , Pintha Komsak , Khanaree Chakkrit , Kongkarnka Sarawut , Chewonarin Teera , Suttajit Maitree
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that involves diffused inflammation of the large intestine. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has been known to regulate the inflammatory response associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Perilla frutescens is a valuable source of omega-3 FA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) contained in its seed oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla seed oil (PSO) on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model.

Experimental approach:

PSO was extracted using a cold-pressed extractor and FA composition of PSO was analyzed by GC-MS. Acute colitis in mice was induced with 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Some mice were treated with PSO (20, 100, 200 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks before the DSS administration. Sulfasalazine was used as a positive control. The clinical features, histopathologic, serum, and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon were assessed.

Finding/Results:

PSO contained the highest proportion of ALA (61.51%). Furthermore, PSO pretreatment evidently reduced body weight loss, diminished diarrhea, gross bleeding, and DSS-induced colon shortening. PSO pretreatment attenuated histopathological changes in response to DSS-induced colitis. PSO pretreatment also markedly decreased inflammatory response in serum and the colon tissue of DSS-induced mice.

Conclusion and implication:

ALA in PSO is suggested to be mainly responsible for the reduction of DSS-induced colitis through suppressing inflammatory markers. PSO could be further developed as a functional health supplement, which would be beneficial for anti-inflammation in the colonic mucosa.
Design, synthesis, and bio-evaluation of new isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives as possible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Hassanzadeh Motahareh , Hassanzadeh Farshid , khodarahmi Ghadam Ali , Rostami Mahbobe , Azimi Fateme , Nadri Hamid , Homayouni Moghadam Farshad
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:

Alzheimer’s disease is considered one of the lead causes of elderly death around the world. A significant decrease in acetylcholine level in the brain is common in most patients with Alzheimer’s disease, therefore acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil and rivastigmine are widely used for patients with limited therapeutic results and major side effects.

Experimental approach:

A series of isoindoline-1,3-dione -N-benzyl pyridinium hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anti-Alzheimer agents with cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The structure of the compounds were confirmed by various methods of analysis such as HNMR, CNMR, and FT-IR. Molecular modeling studies were also performed to identify the possible interactions between neprilysin and synthesized compounds.

Findings/Results:

The biological screening results indicated that all synthesized compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 7.4 μM. Among synthesized compounds, para-fluoro substituted compounds 7a and 7f exhibited the highest inhibitory potency against AChE (IC50 = 2.1 μM). Molecular modeling studies indicated that the most potent compounds were able to interact with both catalytic and peripheral active sites of the enzyme. Also, some of the most potent compounds (7a, 7c, and 7f) demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons.

Conclusion and implications:

The synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate to good AChE inhibitory effect with results higher than rivastigmine.
Antidiabetic potential of the isolated fractions from the plants of Rosaceae family in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Bahrami Gholamreza , Izadi Babak , Miraghaee Seyed Shahram , Mohammadi Bahar , Hatami Razieh , Sajadimajd Soraya , Batooie Nasim
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:

Diabetes is a group of multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic-elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Natural remedies are used as alternative medications to treat diabetes. Here, we tested the protective effect of the plant extracts of the Rosaceae family on improving insulin secretion and repairing the pancreatic beta cells in diabetic rats.

Experimental approach:

The oligosaccharide fraction was isolated from the Rosaceae family of herbs. LC-MS/MS was applied to characterize the isolated fractions. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, 10 each, including the control group with no intervention, diabetic rats without treatment, diabetic rats that received the extract of Malus domestica (apple), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Prunus persica (nectarine), and Prunus persica (peach), separately. Rats were monitored for the weight, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels. The effect of extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats on the pancreatic islets was evaluated by morphometric analysis.

Findings/Results:

LC-MS/MS results indicated a similar mass spectrum of isolated fractions from nectarine and peach with Rosa canina. Oral administration of nectarine and peach extracts to STZ-induced diabetic rats showed restoration of blood glucose levels to normal levels with a concomitant increase in insulin levels. Morphometric analysis of pancreatic sections revealed the increase in number, diameter, volume, and area of the pancreatic islets in the diabetic rats treated with extracts compared to the untreated diabetic rats.

Conclusion and implications:

Nectarine and peach extracts’ anti-diabetic properties improved insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function and subsequently led to restoring pancreatic islet mass in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
COVID Pandemic, Global Lockdown, and Space Tourism
Authors: Kumar Raman
Published: August 2021

Amidst global lockdown due to the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, the beginning of commercial space travel is a remarkable event in human history. While commercial air travel is shut down to prevent contagion, a paid ticket to a thrilling ride into space opens up a new chapter in transportation, aviation, and connectivity. We have to wait and see what unfolds in the future after the COVID pandemic, talks about the climate apocalypse, and now liberty of individual space travel.
Effectiveness of Video-Based Education versus Music Therapy on Anxiety, Experience, and Co-Operation among Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bist Deepika , Sharma Tarika , Thapar Shalini
Published: August 2021

Background:

With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnostic radiology, the problem of anxiety is also encountered more often in patients undergoing MRI. Anxious patients may not co-operate well with the procedure resulting in poor image quality. Repetition of sequences to acquire the images of better quality prolongs the total scan time and precludes optimal patient experience. For satisfactory completion and clinical usefulness of the scan, patient compliance is vital.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of video-based education (VBE) versus music therapy (MT) on anxiety, experience, and co-operation among patients undergoing MRI.

Materials and Methods:

Randomized controlled trial pre- and posttest-based study was carried out among 90 patients undergoing MRI who were randomly allocated to VBE group (30), MT group (30), and control group (30). The data on anxiety, experience, and cooperation were collected using the appropriate tools. Patients in VBE group were provided with VBE, patients in MT group received MT and control group received routine procedural instructions.

Results:

No significant differences were found in VBE group, MT group, and control group in terms of posttest anxiety scores. With regard to mean experience scores, the VBE group had better experience (81.70 ± 3.153) as compared to the control group (77.27 ± 6.817). A significant strong positive correlation was found between experience and co-operation of patients in VBE group (r = 0.860, P < 0.001) and MT group (r = 0.640). All of the patients (100%) agreed that VBE was easy to understand and also suggested to use VBE for all patients undergoing MRI procedure. Most of the patients (96.7%) found MT effective during the waiting time of MRI procedure and useful for diverting the mind.

Conclusions:

Both VBE and MT were effective in improving the experience and co-operation of patients undergoing MRI as compared to routine procedural instructions in the control group.
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Stroke among General Population
Authors: Choudhary Mamta
Published: August 2021

Background:

Stroke is one of the major causes of loss of quality-adjusted life years and inflicts varying degree of physical deficits, psychological distress, and strained social relationships among stroke survivors. However, knowledge regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke can help to minimize this burden.

Aim:

This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness of general population regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information from general population regarding risk factor, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke by administering a pretested questionnaire. Five hundred patients attending Outpatient Departments of Selected Hospital were selected using simple random sampling. After explaining purpose of the study and taking written consent from the participants, the participants were requested to fill the questionnaire.

Results:

The findings revealed that only 22.6% of participants were having good knowledge, 56.6% were having average knowledge, and rest 20.8% of them had poor knowledge regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke. The mean knowledge score was 11.86 ± 3.651. 31.4%, 36.2%, and 33.6% of participants were not aware about even single risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke, respectively.

Conclusion:

The low level of knowledge regarding risk factor, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke indicates immense need of initiatives to implement stroke education.
Age and Comorbidities as Predictors of Hospital Mortality in Adult Patients Who Receive Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Yeh Te-Chun , Chang Hsiao-Huang , Wang Ju-O , Kao Senyeong , Lin Tso-Chou , Ho Shung-Tai
Published: August 2021

Background:

The incidence rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in Taiwan has increased significantly and is now higher than the worldwide incidence since 2000. Several studies have investigated hospital mortality and the risk factors of patients receiving ECMO. Comorbidities and age were not evaluated in these studies.

Aim:

To investigate the impact of age and comorbidities on hospital mortality of ECMO patients.

Methods:

A retrospective study of ECMO patients was performed using the claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results:

A total of 5834 adult patients were included in the study, and 2270 patients (38.9%) were discharged from the hospital between 2004 and 2012. The most common comorbidities were coronary artery disease (35.7%), hypertension (32.0%), and acute myocardial infarction (28.4%). Age, interstitial lung disease, rheumatologic disease, and lymphoma were the major predictors for hospital mortality in ECMO patients. On the contrary, acute myocarditis was found to be a favorable factor.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that age and comorbidities were strongly associated with hospital mortality among ECMO patients. These findings can assist ECMO specialists to improve evaluations of mortality risk, especially among elderly patients with specific comorbidities.
Ethambutol-Associated Mania
Authors: Dar Shabir Ahmad , Khanam Aaliya , Shah Naveed Nazir
Published: August 2021

Ethambutol is the primary commonly used antitubercular drug for the treatment of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infection. Central nervous system toxicity other than optic neuropathy is not widely reported. We describe a case of a 46-year-old female with abdominal tuberculosis who developed mania after the commencement of ethambutol, and symptoms fully resolved with its cessation. She was prescribed rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and ofloxacin and has no further manic symptoms. This case supports that the patients being treated with ethambutol can develop mania which improves quickly within days of stopping it. A trial of antimanic drugs is needed for short-term rapid improvement of manic symptoms, whereas other anti-tubercular medications can be continued safely.
Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride and Dexamethasone induced De novo Obsessive compulsive Symptoms and Suicidal Attempts
Authors: Khanam Aaliya , Dar Shabir Ahmad , Wani Zaid Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride(CH)- and dexamethasone-induced obsessive-compulsive symptomatology with suicide is extremely rare. We describe the case of a 20-year-old lean male who developed obsessive-compulsive symptoms and suicidality within a week of the use of CH and dexamethasone. There was complete resolution of symptoms after stopping the offending agent. Ashort trial of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor was given for the rapid improvement of symptoms.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts in the Uteroplacental Bed in Iron-deficiency Anemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Tiulienieva Оlena А. , Tsagkaris Christos , Davydenko Іgor S. , Hoian Аnastasiia V. , Yasnikovska Svitlana M. , Hovornyan Serhiy L.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy is challenging, inducing a systemic pathological process in women's bodies. In this context, impaired protein metabolism, decreased respiratory enzyme activity, limitation of cells' proliferative potential, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and endothelial dysfunction affect the “mother-placenta-fetal” system. However, several features of this pathogenetic cascade, including the spread of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (ECT), are yet to be investigated. This research aimed to study the immunohistochemical features and quantitative indicators of ECT spread throughout the uteroplacental bed (UPB) in IDA at 37–40-week gestation.

Methods:

Eighty biopsies of UPB and myometrium were studied postcesarean section with the previous observation of physiological pregnancy and gestation in IDA conditions without clinical signs of placental insufficiency. Histological sections were performed on immunohistochemical techniques with primary antibodies against metalloproteinases 2 and 9, placental lactogen, and antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. Their quantitative parameters in the cytoplasm of endovascular CT cells were determined using computer microdensitometry by calculating optical color density. The arithmetic mean and its statistical error were calculated. The Shapiro–Wilk test of normality was performed. The comparisons between the groups were provided on the unpaired two-tailed Student's test.

Results:

The analysis of the depth of CT invasion on the material of the UPB and the myometrium in conditions of IDA showed the spread of the CT invasion not only in the area of the spiral arteries of the endometrium but also the incorporation of endovascular CT into the myometrial arteries walls. Immunohistochemical study of CT invasion showed the following results: during physiological pregnancy, the concentration of metalloproteinase 2 was 0.232 ± 0.0012 optical density units (ODU), metalloproteinase 9 - 0.219 ± 0.0014 ODU. Immunovisualization of placental lactogen during physiological pregnancy was 0.314 ± 0.0022 ODU in interstitial CT and 0.109 ± 0.0022 ODU in endovascular CT; in the conditions of IDA: 0.337 ± 0.0022 ODU in interstitial CT and 0.110 ± 0.0022 ODU in endovascular CT.

Conclusion:

It is established that, during gestation with IDA, a deepening of CT invasion in the structure of the UPB, an increase in the lining distance of the endothelium-replacing CT in the artery walls, and consequently, a dilatation of spiral and radial arteries takes place in the uterus of pregnant women. However, the invasive ability and synthetic activity of the CT and as a result, the adequacy of the gestational transformation of UPB structures are affected by the hypoxia and depend on the degree of IDA of pregnant women.
Exploring the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Shift Work
Authors: Yang Zhe-Yu , Wang Chung-Ching , Chen Ying-Jen , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Li Peng-Fei , Peng Tao-Chun , Sun Yu-Shan , Chen Wei-Liang
Published: August 2021

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency became increasingly common worldwide and was related to various disorders. However, there was little information concerning the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level and shift work. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work in the American citizens.

Methods:

From the 2005–2006 NHANES, a total of 3025 participants were included. The relation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work was investigated through the regression models.

Results:

There was an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH) D level and female shift worker in the fully adjusted models (β coefficient = −8.774, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = −16.83–−0.71, P = 0.03). Additionally, a negative correlation was presented between serum 25OHD level and Mexican American (β coefficient = −9.825, 95% CI = −19.31–−0.33, P = 0.04). No significant differences in serum 25(OH) D level were presented among indoor/outdoor works or manual/nonmanual works. However, long working hours (>40 h/week) were remarkably correlated with low serum 25(OH) D level (β coefficient = −8.007, 95% CI = −15.32–−0.68, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Our study concluded there was an inverse correlation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work, especially in female population.
Model of Radiation-Induced Ambulatory Dysfunction
Authors: Belafsky Peter , Clayton Shannon M. , Archard Joehleen A. , Pavlic Jordan P. , Rao Shyam , Farwell D. Gregory , Kuhn Maggie , Deng Peter , Halmai Julian , Bauer Gerhard , Fink Kyle D. , Fury Brian , Perotti Nicholas H. , Walker Jon E. , Beliveau Angela M. , Birkeland Andrew , Abouyared Marianne , Cary Whitney , Nolta Jan A. , Anderson Johnathon D.
Published: August 2021

Approximately 50% of oncology patients receive radiotherapy, with the dose of radiation often being limited to mitigate normal tissue damage of proximal critical/sensitive structures. Currently, no preclinical models exist to study a putative drug's efficacy in terms of functional recovery of tissues adversely effected by radiation exposure. Such limitations inhibit the development of targeted therapeutics. To this end, we developed a model of radiation-induced soft-tissue damage with quantitative outcomes of tissue function. Mice received a single administration of radiation focused on the posterior limb while under anesthesia. A blinded observer weighed each mouse and performed motors skills assessments weekly for the duration of the study. At the end of the study, mice were euthanized, assessed for hindlimb range of motion and histological analysis was performed, evaluating tissue morphology and fibrotic scarring. Mice presented numerous significant ambulatory deficits that positively correlated with the dose of radiation administered. Irradiated mice presented with reduced range of motion and increased fibrotic scarring upon histological assessment across all dose groups as compared to controls. The current study is the first to describe a preclinical model of functional skeletal muscle deficits following focal radiation injury of a posterior limb, which will be useful for the assessment of novel drug candidates to treat radiotherapy-induced soft-tissue damage.
Efficacy of Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in Keratosis Pilaris
Authors: Tatavarthi Revathi , Kolalapudi Seetharam Anjaneyulu , Prasad Arumilli Krishna Phaneendra , Gandikota Raghuramarao , Saka Satya , Arumilli Prasad Chowdary
Published: August 2021

Background:

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is cosmetically displeasing and psychologically distressing. Many treatments are being tried, but they have not been very effective. There is a need for the evaluation of newer therapeutic modalities.

Aim:

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in KP.

Methods:

A prospective hospital-based interventional study was conducted on 60 KP patients who presented to our outpatient department between January 2017 and June 2018. All patients were advised to apply tacrolimus ointment 0.1% twice daily to the right arm and petrolatum ointment twice daily to the left arm, over a period of 4 weeks. The treated sites were assessed using the investigator's global assessment (IGA) scale and comparing patient satisfaction scores at baseline and at the end of the treatment. Clinical and dermoscopic pictures were taken at baseline and at the end of the treatment.

Results:

Fifty-one patients completed the study. The IGA mean score was reduced by 0.58 in the tacrolimus group, compared to 0.39 in the petrolatum group. Although there was a statistically significant improvement in each arm, the difference in improvement between the right and left arms was not significant. However, the patient satisfaction score was higher in the tacrolimus group. Dermoscopy showed an improvement in the absence of follicular hyperkeratosis and erythema.

Conclusion:

Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment is an alternative and safe treatment in the treatment of KP. It has shown moderately higher patient satisfaction as compared to petrolatum and was tolerated well.
Impact of Resection versus Radiofrequency Ablation on Medium-Sized Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Tseng Yu-Chen , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Chou Yu-Ching , Hsieh Cheng-Chih , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Chen Teng-Wei , Hsieh Chung-Bao , Shih Yu-Lueng
Published: August 2021

Background:

Liver resection (LR) is considered the main therapeutic strategy for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (<3 cm). Recently, the efficacy of complete response after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in medium-sized HCCs (3–5 cm) has been proposed. Comparative analyses of LR and RFA in HCC patients with single or multiple nodules and tumor sizes ranging from 3 to 5 cm are lacking.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term outcomes of 132 patients diagnosed with medium-sized HCCs between 2010 and 2017 who underwent LR (n = 72) or RFA (n = 60) and met the inclusion criteria.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively analyzed using a prospective database. The treatment-related outcomes and risk factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results:

The hospital stay was shorter in the RFA group than in the LR group (5.4 days vs. 14.3 days, respectively; P < 0.0001). RFA was associated with fewer treatment-related complications. OS and DFS were better in the LR group than in the RFA group. Treatment modality and albumin and alpha-fetoprotein levels were predictors for OS, while treatment modality and tumor number were predictors for DFS.

Conclusion:

LR is an effective treatment for patients with medium-sized HCCs in terms of long-term outcomes (OS and DFS), while RFA may be used as an alternative treatment to LR with comparable OS.
Cellular Immunotherapy with Immune Killer Cells for Treating a Lung Cancer Patient with Liver Metastasis
Authors: Wang Chieh-Yung , Peng Chung-Kan , Chian Chih-Feng
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer has the highest number of deaths globally. About 75% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Despite significant therapeutic progress, the prognosis remains poor. For patients who have undergone conventional treatment followed by disease progression, palliative care generally remains the only option. As reported in recent years, cellular immunotherapies play an important role in treating lung cancer and may be an option for terminal-stage disease. We applied a novel management approach with immune killer cells therapy to treat a patient with NSCLC with liver metastases. The carcinoembryonic antigen returned to normal level during the treatment period, and the follow-up abdominal computed tomography at 3 months after completion of the therapy displayed no residual metastatic liver tumors.
“Ewing's Sarcoma of Calcaneum” an Uncommon Tumor in an Unusual Site with Skip Metastasis
Authors: Mohanty Pranita , Hota Anima , Govardhan T , Mohapatra Satya S.
Published: August 2021

Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is an uncommon primary malignant tumor of the bone, mostly affects 5–25 years of age with male predominance. Diaphysis of the long bone is usual site of origin with occasional extraskeletal extension. However, it is extremely rare (3%–5%) in the small bones of the hand and feet, hence often misinterpreted as osteomyelitis, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, cartilagenous tumor and osteosarcoma; delaying definitive treatment. Metastasis of calcaneal EWS is common, and prognosis is dismal. Multimodality treatment approach is the standard care rendered for it. Herein, we report such a case of EWS in a 12-year-old girl child at an unusual site of calcaneum with skip metastasis for which the diagnosis and treatment was deferred by 5 months. Only after histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmation, the definitive chemotherapy was provided and surgery was scheduled after five cycles of chemotherapy. The patient is now on chemotherapy and followed up till today.
Evaluation of the Management Outcomes of Primary Mono-Symptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis among Sudanese Children
Authors: Yousif Nafhat Elhag , Badi Safaa , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig
Published: August 2021

Background:

Nocturnal enuresis or bedwetting is the most common type of urinary incontinence in children. The wide prevalence of nocturnal enuresis speaks to the need for an improved understanding of this condition by others to improve the management plan. The management can be motivationally or pharmacologically. Our study aimed to evaluate the management outcomes of primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis among Sudanese children.

Methods:

A retrospective hospital-based survey was carried to assess 52 children aged 5–18 years (21:31 male: female ratio) and suffering from primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis. They divided into two groups; Group 1 (28 patients) were on desmopressin melt tablet 120 mcg once daily before bedtime, while Group 2 (24 patients) were on simple behavioral therapy. Data were collected by a well-designed checklist and analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

The wetting frequency decreased at the end of treatment by a total response rate of 96.4% with desmopressin and 75% with simple behavioral therapy. The complete response and partial response rate of desmopressin at the end of treatment were 89.3% and 7.1%, respectively. For simple behavioral therapy, the complete response and partial response rates at the end of treatment were 66.7% and 8.3%, respectively. The number of wet night per week at the end of 2 weeks of treatment among the two groups was statistically significant, with P = 0.025. Moreover, the relapse rate was higher with simple behavioral therapy (66.7%) than with desmopressin (57.1%).

Conclusion:

There is a highly significant decrease in wet nights in response to both desmopressin and simple behavioral therapy, both interventions were effective, desmopressin showed higher efficacy and associated with less relapse rate.
Diversity, Length-Weight Relations, and Condition Factor of Sea Cucumbers in Three Coastal Areas Along the Southern Coast of Sri Lanka: A Case Study
Authors: Gamage Lalith Kumara Thiththagalle , Thushari Gajahin Gamage Nadeeka , Atapaththu Keerthi Sri Senevirathna , Kondaramage Rasika Sampath Kumara Hewa , Senevirathna Jayan Duminda Mahesh
Published: August 2021

Economically and ecologically important ecosystems that consist of diverse finfish and shellfish resources are found along the southern coast of Sri Lanka. Thus, the current study intends in assessing the species diversity, length-weight (L-W) relationships, and condition factor of sea cucumber stocks in selected coastal sites of southern Sri Lanka. The diversity of sea cucumber species was surveyed using the systematic sampling technique in three selected sites (Bandaramulla, Mirissa, and Weligama) during February-December 2019. The growth pattern of each species was identified using a least-squares regression model computed for length-weight relationships. Fulton’s condition factor (K) was analysed for each species. There were four common sea cucumber species (Holothuria atra - Lolly Fish, Bohadschia marmorata - White Thread fish, Actinipyga miliaris- Deep Water Blackfish, and Thelenota ananas- Prickly Redfish) in study sites, while Holothuria atra and Bohadschia marmorata were recorded as the most abundant species. The length-weight relationship derived for the above four species exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern (“b” < “3”), indicating faster length increment compared to weight. The habitat qualities of all sea cucumber species were in optimum environmental condition. Our findings would benefit as baseline data for implementing sustainable management practices of sea cucumber resources.
Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Multi-Loci Markers for Studying Genetic Diversity in Guppy Fish
Authors: Mohammadabadi Mohammadreza , Oleshko Valentyna , Oleshko Olexandr , Heiko Leonid , Starostenko Iryna , Kunovskii Jurii , Bazaeva Alevtina , Roudbari Zahra
Published: August 2021

Aquarium fish industry has become a capacity for job creation and income generation. Aquarium fish uses for decoration and creating tranquility in the environment and beautification in public places. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variation between different populations of various varieties of guppy ornamental aquarium fish using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in Iran for the first time. DNA was extracted from twelve strains. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using seven ISSR primers. GenAlex 6.501 and XLSTAT software was used to analyze data. Results of analysis of molecular variance showed that 54% of observed polymorphism belongs to variance among populations and 46% corresponds to diversity between populations. The highest and the lowest polymorphism percentage belonged to (GAG)5GC (90%) and (AG)8C (41%) markers, respectively. Percentage of polymorphic loci ranges from 32.31% to 86.15%. The results of phylogenetic tree showed that this tree was divided into 2 major clusters. Cluster I included only 2 populations and cluster II contained other 10 studied populations. It is suggested that this marker system was found to be efficient in discriminating each genotype at the molecular level and can be used for genetic diversity analysis for aquarium guppy fish because a greater understanding of the potential of the species is necessary for supporting long-term genetic improvement.
Citizens or Spectators? Civic Engagement and Informality of Citizenship in Ghana
Authors: Asante Kofi Takyi
Published: August 2021

In his inauguration speech on 7th January 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo challenged Ghanaians to be ‘ citizens not spectators.’ This call resonates with conceptions of citizenship that prioritise the state as the most salient arena of engagement. But social and political-economy factors shape how and where social belonging and civic participation get enacted. This paper offers some reflections on patterns of social belonging and civic engagement using data from the nationally representative Afrobarometer survey, which I supplement with qualitative materials from newspaper sources and in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that Ghanaians have a strong sense of social belonging and national attachment, but also shy away from formal engagement with the state. This phenomenon of attached-detachment is manifested in enthusiastic participation in highly circumscribed aspects of national political life, like voting, while recoiling from more institutionally structured aspects of civic life. Proximity – physically or socially defined – is important for this enactment of citizenship. There is high engagement with state officials that are nearby, but rarely with those at arm’s-length. The paper elaborates on the underlying informality of this approach to citizenship.
Preferential Solvation of 4-Carboxyl-2, 6-Dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in Mixed Hydroxylic Solvents
Authors: Thomas O.E. , Adegoke O.A. , Adenmosun F.G. , Abiodun O.J.
Published: August 2021

Background: The applications of a group of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dintrophenylazohydroxynaphathalenes, AZ-01 to 04, as colourants, chemosensors or synthetic intermediates have been limited by their solubility.Aim: To investigate the effect of solvent mixture composition on the solubility, solution thermodynamics and position of equilibrium processes of the dyes.Method: The UV-visible spectral patterns of the dyes in binary mixtures including Methanol:Water, Ethanol:Water, Methanol:Ethanol, Methanol:Propan-1-ol, Methanol:Propan-2-ol, Propan-1-ol:Water and Propan-2-ol:Water were acquired. The type and quantitative estimation of solute-solvent interactions at play were determined by fitting spectral patterns to solvent parameters using multilinear regression.Results: Preferential solvation was detected by the non-ideality of the plots of E12 as against the mole fractions of co-solvent in all binary mixtures. In pure solvents, the spectral shifts of AZ-01, 03 and 04, which exist predominantly in the hydrazone form, were affected by polarity of solvent milieu while solvent basicity and acidity, in that order, were the significant parameters for AZ-02. In aqueous alcoholic mixtures, solvent polarity was contributory, although to different degrees, to the observed spectral data of the four dyes. However, solvent acidity and basicity were the primary determinants of spectral shifts observed with AZ-04 and AZ-03 respectively. Spectra-structure relationships identified the formation of the charged hydrazone tautomer which requires stabilisation by polar solvent milieu as responsible for the observed trend. In addition, interactions between new aggregated solvent-solvent species and the propionic acid substituent present in AZ-03 contributed to its spectral shifts.Conclusion: The solvatochromic properties of the phenylazonaphthalene series in binary mixtures have been successfully studied.
Toxicity Study and Anticonvulsant Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Piliostigma thonningii Milne-Redhead (Fabaceae)
Authors: Yakubu J. , Sodipo O.A. , Abdulrahman F.I. , Balami V.M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach) Milne-Redhead [Fabaceae] is a plant widely used locally for the treatment and management of several ailments which include epilepsy in Northeastern Nigeria.Objectives: This study aimed at evaluation of the toxicity and anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii in rats and mice with a view to determining the efficacy of the plant as an anticonvulsant drug.Methods: Fresh leaves of Piliostigma thonningii were air-dried, pulverized and extracted using soxhlet extraction apparatus. Acute toxicity study was carried out by Lorke’s method and the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol leaf extract was carried using pentylenetetrazole and strychnine-induced convulsion model on Wistar strain albino rats and mice respectively.Result: The soxhlet extraction yielded 21.04% w/w of extract after being concentrated. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 were ≥ 5000 mg/kg implying that the extract is relatively safe according to literatures. Anticonvulsant effect of the ethanol leaf extract using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), revealed the ability of the extract to confer protection on rats treated with doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/Kg bd. wt. by exerting 60%, 80% and 80% protection on rat against PTZ induced convulsion respectively in a dose dependent manner as well as protected 20%, 60% and 80% of mice against death induced by strychnine when treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract.Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii was able to provide anticonvulsant effect and is relatively safe for consumption as medicine.
Evolution of Electricity Metering Technologies in Nigeria
Authors: Dahunsi F.M. , Olakunle O.R. , Melodi A.O.
Published: August 2021

Advancement in technology has continuously driven the evolution of metering devices and infrastructure in the world and has resulted in more accurate and user-friendly devices equipped with customer interaction interfaces. The evolution of metering technology in Nigeria arose with the unbundling of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) but have not progressed smoothly and successfully despite the implementation of various reforms and policies in the Nigerian electricity industry. The persisting problems in the electricity distribution system such as energy theft, vandalism, energy wastage, high line losses can be overcome by the deployment of appropriate metering infrastructure. In the second quarter of 2020, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission revealed that the total registered customers and total metered customers are 10,516,090 and 4,234,759 respectively leaving a metering gap of 59.73%; after 124 years of commercial electricity availability in Nigeria. This paper discusses Nigeria's metering history and the challenges encountered in the transition of policies, technologies and government reforms. The paper also proposes the way forward to a successful transitioning into a smart distribution grid.
Perception Analysis of Silver Jubilee Grade-Separated Intersection in Kano Metropolis Using Context Sensitive Solutions
Authors: Muhammad A. , Ibrahim M. N.
Published: August 2021

This study explores the users’ perception on operational performance of Silver Jubilee Grade Separated Intersection (SJGSI) in Kano Metropolis using Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). The CSS seeks to provide a transportation facility that fits its setting, leading to the preservation and enhancement of scenic, aesthetic, environmental and community resources while maintaining safety, mobility and comfort. A structured questionnaire enquired the opinion of respondents, among others, on the optimal performance of SJGSI and its determinants. Three correlation analyses and two regression analyses were generated. The results showed that most of the correlating and regressing variables are weakly correlated by chance. The degree of familiarity correlated with number of motorists (users) has an R-value of 0.125; the optimal performance correlated with its cost worthiness has an R-value of 0.166. The general and Context Sensitive (CS) optimal performance model has an R-values of 0.415 and 0.374, respectively. Some of the weak correlations could be attributed to the facility not planned based on CSS approach. A CS facility could have received a higher optimal performance rating, approval rating and CS features’ rating with increased efficiency and effectiveness. Most respondents opined that a better facility would have been constructed if all relevant stakeholders were involved in the development processes.
A Model for Optimal Treatment of Cassava Wastewater Using Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
Authors: Ibeje A.O. , Onukwugha E.
Published: August 2021

The major components of the effluents from cassava processing industries are cyanide and starch. However it is suspected that cyanide inhibits the treatment of cassava wastewater. The experimental data were successfully fitted to a polynomial model which was used to optimize the treatment processes at a laboratory scale. The Monod and Michealis-menten models for cassava wastewater treatment was successfully calibrated and validated in an ABR system. For Michealis-Menten model, the maximum substrate utilization rate is estimated in the range: 2866.88 to 1432.84 mgl-1 and for Monod’s model, it is estimated in the range: 493 to 1242 mgl-1, which is more realistic, hence validating the empirical model as more accurate than the former, which is theoretical. The result revealed that the inhibitor constant decreased from 9.9989 to 1.6101mgl-1 as the number of baffles increased from 3 to 10. To reach a maximum COD removal efficiency of 99%, it was found that the aspect ratio of 10, 20 baffles, cyanide inhibition constant of 30 mg/l and influent flow rate of 0.8 l/min, are the required optimum operating conditions of the anaerobic baffled reactors.
Somatic cell counts and bacteria in milk from two nomadic herds in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas F.C. , Alarape O.O. , Oliwo O.M. , Omoshaba E. , Ojo O.E. , Oyewusi J.A. , Ajibola E.S.
Published: August 2021

Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a major endemic disease affecting dairy production worldwide. Costs of treatment and control of mastitis contributes to major losses to the dairy industry especially if the condition is not promptly and accurately diagnosed, thus necessitating the engagement of regular and reliable means of recognising intra-mammary infections. Somatic cell counting, which has been recognized as a major standard for mastitis diagnosis in milk, was utilized in this study as a direct measure of intramammary inflammation (IMI), along with bacterial culture and isolation to establish the presence of mammary infections in cows from two nomadic herds. Milk from all four quarters (composite samples) of each of 100 cows at various stages of lactation, were obtained and subjected to Levowitz-Weber staining of duplicate smears and direct microscopic counting of somatic cells. Culture and isolation of sterile milk swabs and subsequent identification by morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests were employed to assess the presence of mastitis-causing pathogens in the samples. Using ≤100,000 cells/ml as cut off for non-mastitic milk, sub-clinical mastitis (SM), was determined in 70 (70%) of the examined samples. Contagious pathogens, namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus species and others as well as environmental bacteria, E. coli and Enterococcus species amongst others, were isolated from the samples. This result circuitously indicates the level of losses to dairy production through poor milk quality and yield, costs of treatment and culling obtainable in the nomadic dairying venture. The need for routine evaluation of raw milk and other dairy products emanating from the itinerant pastoralists, using sensitive and reliable parameters to facilitate prompt diagnosis, targeted treatment and rapid control of cow to cow or herd to herd spread of IMI is highlighted in this study.
Impact of Management by Objectives in Enhancing Sustainable Organisational Performance in Hotels
Authors: Salama Wagih
Published: August 2021

This study analysed the contribution of MBO in enhancing sustainable organisational performance. Previous studies have revealed that MBO contributes to enhancing the profitability of hotels, increasing the performance of employees, improving the effectiveness of operating processes and enhancing the service provided within hotels. The study was conducted via a questionnaire method. Separate questionnaires were administered to managers and employees of 5 star hotels. The data were analysed using the Statistical Analysis for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25). The results indicated that hotel managers are in favour of the application of MBO as it contributes towards the achievement of their personal goals as well as the goals of the hotel. The employees also showed a willingness towards implementing MBO thanks to its advantages that assist in enhancing sustainable organisational objectives. The study recommends the activation of the MBO in hotels owing to its contribution towards enhancing the performance, achieving the targeted profitability and enhancing the sustainability of organisations.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FITOQUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO E DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Cymbopogon citratus
Authors:   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio, Santos Damires Inácio dos , Sousa Júnior Dárcio Luiz de ,   Universidade Federal do Cariri, Monteiro Maria de Fátima Guedes ,   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio, Aquino Pedro Everson Alexandre de ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Saraiva Cícero Roberto Nascimento ,   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio, Leandro Maria Karollyna do Nascimento Silva ,   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio, Silva Rakel Olinda Macedo da ,   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio, Leandro Lívia Maria Garcia ,   Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio
Published: August 2021

O Cymbopogon citratus é uma hortaliça bastante conhecida e utilizada, pertencente à família Paeceae, originada na Ásia e em alguns países tropicais, popularmente conhecida como Capim-santo é eficaz contra várias patologias como: asma, insônia, cólicas e ansiedade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil fitoquímico do extrato etanólico e óleo essencial das folhas de C. citratus, assim como a atividade antibacteriana e modulatória frente as bactérias Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa padrões e multirresistentes. Para a análise da atividade antibacteriana foi realizado o teste de microdiluição em caldo para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), e a modificação da atividade dos aminoglicosídeos gentamicina e amicacina. Na caracterização fitoquímica foi observado a presença de compostos fenólicos no extrato como taninos e fenóis, além de apresentar alguns flavonoides. Os resultados obtidos da CIM em todas as bactérias testadas foi ≥1024 µg/mL, tanto para o extrato quanto para o óleo essencial. O extrato etanólico, quando associado à amicacina e gentamicina, demonstrou um antagonismo, para as cepas S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, já quando se combinou o óleo essencial e os antibióticos, houve antagonismo apenas para P. aeruginosa, os demais resultados não foram significativos. Dessa forma, novos estudos com outros antibióticos devem ser realizados, visando buscar os efeitos ocasionados desse tipo de atividade combinada, pois, como nos dados obtidos, a redução do efeito do antibiótico pode dificultar o tratamento de diversas doenças
Dynamic Model of TRMS Based on Homogeneous Transformation and Euler-Lagrange Equation
Authors:   Control, Automation in Production and Improvement of Technology Institute (CAPITI), No. 89B Ly Nam De, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Le Na , Vu Quoc Huy
Published: August 2021

The aerodynamic experimental set TRMS (Twin Rotor MIMO System) is a strong nonlinear system, which has been taken by many scientists as an object to test modern control algorithms. The paper built a complete and explicit dynamic model for the TRMS based on dissociating TRMS into 3 subsystems, using homogeneous transformations in orthogonal coordinate systems to calculate the mass point’s position and velocity in component sub-systems; Euler - Lagrange equation was applied to model the dynamics for the object. Keywords— TRMS, dynamics, homogeneous transformation, mechanical system dissociation, Euler - Lagrange.