bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Museu de Ecologia Fritz Müller: tessituras para educação científica e a pesquisa
Authors: Cordeiro Mayara Lídia , Tomio Daniela
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p169A produção científica sobre os museus vem, com o passar dos anos, ampliando-se ao evidenciar as contribuições destes espaços em nossa sociedade para Educação Científica não formal. Com base nisso, objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil educativo do Museu de Ecologia Fritz Müller (MEFM) a fim de constituir indicadores do seu potencial em pesquisa e educação científica. Para isso, realizaram-se dois percursos metodológicos, uma pesquisa bibliográfica para identificar na produção científica brasileira pesquisas cujo objeto de estudo é o MEFM e uma pesquisa de campo, com a coleta de informações no contexto do Museu a fim de inventariar as atividades desenvolvidas. Por todas as características identificadas e a sistematização de seus potenciais, defende-se a utilização do MEFM como um ambiente de aprendizagem de educação científica para seus visitantes e estudantes de diferentes níveis e modalidades de ensino; para a formação inicial e continuada de professores; para pesquisa científica e capacitação de profissionais da ciência.
Ensino de ciências por investigação: oportunidades de interação social e sua importância para a construção da autonomia moral
Authors: Sedano Luciana , Carvalho Anna Maria Pessoa de
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p199Trabalho em grupo nas aulas de Ciências nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: prática cotidiana se temos em perspectiva uma proposta de ensino por investigação. Ao optarmos pela metodologia de ensino de Ciências que extrapola a preocupação apenas com os conteúdos conceituais, oferecemos aos alunos a oportunidade de construção da sua autonomia moral. Essa construção é favorecida pelas interações sociais, em propostas didáticas que prevejam o trabalho em grupo. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Investigamos a construção da autonomia moral, enquanto os alunos, em grupo, resolviam uma atividade investigativa de Ciências Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Para a análise dos dados, criamos categorias que delimitaram a diversidade de atitudes apresentadas pelos alunos. Tal análise corrobora a importância do trabalho em grupo, das interações sociais para a construção da autonomia moral.
Memórias da escola: narrativas de formadores de professores de matemática
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Nascimento Augusto Sávio Guimarães do
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p221Neste artigo, temos como objetivo conhecer a constituição dos saberes docentes de professores da Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), considerando as experiências vividas na escolarização anterior à Educação Superior. Interessa perceber como esses docentes rememoram e refletem sobre essas experiências. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o uso de entrevistas narrativas. Os relatos dos entrevistados revelaram metodologias de ensino usadas pelos seus antigos professores, o cotidiano das escolas que frequentaram e os professores que lhes foram marcantes. Apesar da distância temporal, as experiências escolares dos docentes permanecem vivas e servem de justificativas para as suas escolhas profissionais.
As finalidades da educação em ciências no currículo mínimo de ciências/biologia: uma análise discursiva da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ventura Gabriela , Freire Laísa
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p305A partir do referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Crítica do Discurso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os textos de apresentação e introdução do Currículo Mínimo de Ciências/Biologia da rede estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. Nos textos analisados, buscamos compreender como as finalidades educacionais da Educação em Ciências são representadas discursivamente. Ao analisarmos essas representações, identificamos os discursos sobre a construção de novas relações entre seres humanos e natureza, e sobre a importância da compreensão dos processos de produção científica e tecnológica no cenário contemporâneo. A começar dessa análise, buscamos estreitar o diálogo entre a Educação em Ciências e a Educação Ambiental Crítica com base nos desafios que o debate ambiental aponta para a abordagem crítica da relação entre os seres humanos e destes com o ambiente.
El Principio de Arquímedes
Authors: Parra Nicanor
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p353
Os conhecimentos prévios de matemática de estudantes do ensino fundamental: o que é matemática? De onde ela veio? Como seria um mundo sem matemática?
Authors: Ujiie Nájela Tavares , Brum Wanderley Pivatto , Pinheiro Nilceia Aparecida Maciel , Ciappina Jussara Rodrigues , Rutz da Silva Sani De Carvalho
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2017v10n1p57Nesse artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizada com 22 estudantes de sexto ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública de Tijucas, Santa Catarina, acerca do tema matemática. Para coleta de dados, foram usados registros escritos e os desenhos produzidos pelos estudantes. A análise de conteúdo a posteriori foi utilizada para interpretar os dados coletados, que constituíram tabelas e gráficos. Os resultados, de modo geral, mostram que os estudantes atribuem a concepção de matemática a fórmulas e à via utilitária, sua origem remonta à idade primitiva e um mundo sem matemática seria o caos.
Como-ver: um cinema de palavras na poesia de Manuel Gusmão
Authors: Lima Marleide Anchieta de
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2015v15n24p62O artigo se propõe a apresentar uma análise da dinâmica cinematográfica presente na escrita de Manuel Gusmão – poeta e ensaísta literário português –, e de seu trabalho com a sonoridade, com os movimentos, com o jogo de luzes e sombras a co-mover a materialidade verbo-visual dos poemas. Nesse sentido, desenvolvem-se reflexões acerca de uma teorização da imagem e de uma ética do olhar oriundas dos próprios procedimentos imagéticos que se estabelecem no lirismo crítico do referido poeta, no âmbito da poesia portuguesa contemporânea.
O espectro militar na literatura do início da República de Weimar (1919-1922): uma análise da crítica de Kurt Tucholsky
Authors: Roszik Anderson
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2016v16n25p126O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como Kurt Tucholsky (1890-1935), nos anos iniciais da República de Weimar, tece sua crítica à presença do estrato militar na recém instaurada democracia alemã. O percurso elaborado por Tucholsky consiste em discussões sobre obras pertencentes a um dos principais campos de interesse de escrita da época: o da literatura de guerra, fração do campo literário importante para a compreensão do contexto imediato pós Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Escritas por oficiais na forma de memórias, tais obras versam sobre a constituição das estruturas militares e suas correspondentes hierarquias até o desenvolvimento do aparelho oficial e seu controle na veiculação de notícias na imprensa. A análise dos textos de Tucholsky, publicados no periódico die Weltbühne, possibilita entrever as imbricações políticas, sociais e culturais da queda do sistema imperial e de seus estratos constitutivos face à crise estrutural nos primeiros anos de vida da república.
Brasil e Timor-Leste: reflexões sobre formação de professores universitários e cooperação educacional
Authors: Scartezini Raquel Antunes , Carvalho Manuel Belo de
Published: July 2017

A cooperação educacional estabelecida entre Brasil e Timor-Leste se pauta no princípio da horizontalidade e prevê a atuação conjunta com vistas à redução das desigualdades sociais. Este princípio também pressupõe que as ações estabelecidas no âmbito da colaboração internacional sejam de caráter transitório, enfocando a solução de problemas específicos que demandam atuação conjunta. No âmbito do apoio ao Ensino Superior, as ações do Programa de Qualificação Docente e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa (PQLP) estão inseridas, principalmente, no contexto da Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL) em atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. No caso específico das atividades de ensino, pressupõe-se que as aulas sejam ministradas em codocência de forma a contribuir para a formação do atual quadro docente, tanto o brasileiro quanto o timorense. Este artigo visa refletir sobre as atividades da cooperação educacional brasileira desenvolvidas no Ensino Superior em Timor-Leste, indagando se estas têm contribuído para a formação e o aperfeiçoamento de docentes universitários de ambos os países. Sendo assim, apresenta-se uma breve revisão teórica sobre a importância da formação pedagógica do professor do Ensino Superior, muitas vezes relegada a segundo plano nas Instituições de Ensino Superior tanto do Brasil quanto de Timor-Leste. Posteriormente, destaca-se as potencialidades das atividades de codocência na formação do professor universitário de ambos os países. Finalmente, conclui-se que os resultados dessa cooperação bilateral horizontal são bastante expressivos e que a codocência contribui para a formação pedagógica dos professores de ambos países. Além disso, observam-se ganhos na aprendizagem da língua portuguesa pelos professores e estudantes timorenses.
Potencialidades e limitações de um trabalho colaborativo sobre frações com estudantes de Pedagogia
Authors: Menegazzi Marlene , Dalcin Andreia
Published: July 2017

O texto apresenta um trabalho de pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar as concepções de frações que um grupo colaborativo, constituído por estudantes de Pedagogia, apresentam e analisar de que modo a participação nas atividades do grupo contribuiu para o processo de ressignificação de tais concepções. Através de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, da triangulação dos dados à luz da teoria sócio-histórica de Vigostki, da educação matemática crítica de Skovsmose e das comunidades de prática de Wenger, foi possível identificar significativas características de um grupo colaborativo em formação. O trabalho do grupo foi capaz de gerar algumas ressignificações das concepções de frações, viabilizando uma diferente opção de formação.
O conceito de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal na educação infantil: apropriações nas produções acadêmicas e documentos oficiais brasileiros
Authors: Silva Janaina Cassiano , Hai Alessandra Arce
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou apreender e analisar a apropriação dos pressupostos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural na educação infantil no período de 2000 a 2009. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico dos documentos do Ministério da Educação (MEC) e das produções acadêmicas (teses) relacionadas ao tema neste período. Uma das categorias analisada e destacada neste texto é o conceito de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Verificou-se que nas Teses e nos Documentos do MEC o aspecto mais trabalhado no que se refere à ZDP foi a definição deste conceito, que foi apresentado como sendo a distância entre o que a criança consegue realizar sozinha (desenvolvimento real) e o que esta executa com o auxílio de um adulto ou com a colaboração de outra(s) criança(s) mais experiente(s) (desenvolvimento potencial). Com relação à brincadeira, a maioria dos autores a utilizou como criadora de ZDPs. Já no que se refere ao ensino, os autores, de modo geral, enfatizaram que o bom ensino é aquele que se adianta ao desenvolvimento. Considera-se que esta análise se faz necessária para que possamos compreender o processo de apropriação das ideias dessa corrente no cenário brasileiro na primeira década do século XXI. Acredita-se que esse percurso auxiliará na tentativa de construir as pistas necessárias para o entendimento desse movimento complexo que se dá em torno das ideias difundidas e estudadas acerca da educação, especificamente, a educação da criança pequena.
Dimensões éticas, estéticas e políticas da Pedagogia: para além da epistemologização
Authors: Marín-Díaz Dora Lilia , Noguera-Ramírez Carlos Ernesto
Published: July 2017

As práticas pedagógicas como práticas de governo definem modos de relação dos sujeitos consigo mesmos, com os outros e com o mundo. É na escola e no trabalho pedagógico – nas práticas formativas dos professores com os mais novos e na relação particular que se estabelece entre eles – que se definem preceitos fundamentais que orientam a vida dos uns e dos outros, ainda que esse não seja seu propósito. A proposta deste artigo é analisar as dimensões éticas, estéticas e políticas das práticas pedagógicas, com o propósito de pensar que o saber pedagógico, além de uma dimensão epistemológica – um conjunto de noções e conceitos (instrução, ensino, aprendizagem, formação, entre outros) – que configuram um campo de reflexão sobre as práticas educativas, expressa-se num conjunto de preceitos fundamentais para orientar a vida, e que, talvez seja no estudo dessas práticas, onde podemos valorar em toda a sua complexidade a importância a Pedagogia.
Doadores, partidos e estratégias para o financiamento de campanhas eleitorais no Brasil: uma análise sobre o reduzido número de doadores e os elevados valores doados para os candidatos a presidente em 2014
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi
Published: July 2017

O trabalho insere-se na linha de pesquisas sobre financiamento de campanhas para discutir a importância tanto da origem, quanto da forma de doações a candidaturas nacionais no Brasil, em 2014. O objetivo é descrever como são feitas as doações e de que forma são declaradas as doações às campanhas nacionais. Para melhor compreensão das decisões específicas, são comparadas as declarações de receitas do PT e PSDB com os demais partidos na disputa de 2014. Entre os principais achados estão o fato de as doações diretas a candidatos representaram apenas 1/3 do total de R$ 1,8 bi declarado nas campanhas nacionais e que apesar de ser altamente aberto e democrático, na prática o sistema de financiamento das campanhas é "fechado" a um grupo reduzido de grandes empresas que aportaram somas consideráveis nas campanhas presidenciais. Menos de 0,01% dos doadores foram responsáveis por mais de 20% dos recursos declarados pelas campanhas nacionais.
O panorama do judô no programa "Bolsa-Atleta": uma análise entre os anos de 2011 a 2013
Authors: Dias Yuri Rafael , Moraes e Silva Marcelo , Figuerôa Katiuscia Mello , Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2016v28n49p82O principal objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar os primeiros apontamentos sobre a modalidade de Judô dentro do Programa Bolsa-Atleta. Para alcançar tal intento, foram selecionados os atletas contemplados com o benefício entre os anos de 2011-2013. Estes dados foram fornecidos pelo Ministério do Esporte, que disponibilizou informações sobre os atletas contemplados com o benefício durante o recorte temporal do estudo, e também foram retirados do sistema da Confederação Brasileira de Judô. Por meio desse estudo conclui-se que o Judô é uma modalidade que no “Bolsa-Atleta” tem um relativo equilíbrio entre os bolsistas homens e mulheres e prioriza os esportistas com níveis intermediários de rendimento.
Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris: a crítica de Habermas à regra de ouro
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2016v20n3p377The text presents Habermas’ analysis and criticism of the role that the Golden Rule plays in Hobbes’s system. According to Habermas, the golden rule suggests the kind of arguments that Hobbes would need to deduce the natural laws, which Hobbes intends to draw only from the interested perspective of the rational selfish ego. Next, the paper presents the same criticism to Rawls, but this time based on the analysis of the strategy of the original position. The paper concludes that the contractualist strategy of both thinkers import a cognitive deficit in the sense of being unable to account for the principles of justice based on equality and freedom, that is, on the impartial point of view that would serve the interest of all.
Impact of regional climate change and future emission scenarios on surface
O3 and PM2.5 over India
Authors: Pommier Matthieu , Fagerli Hilde , Gauss Michael , Simpson David , Sharma Sumit , Sinha Vinay , Ghude Sachin D. , Landgren Oskar , Nyiri Agnes , Wind Peter
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Eleven of the world’s 20 most polluted cities are located in India and poor air quality is already a major public health issue. However, anthropogenic emissions are predicted to increase substantially in the short-term (2030) and medium-term (2050) futures in India, especially if no more policy efforts are made. In this study, the EMEP/MSC-W chemical transport model has been used to calculate changes in surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for India in a world of changing emissions and climate. The reference scenario (for present-day) is evaluated against surface-based measurements, mainly at urban stations. The evaluation has also been extended to other data sets which are publicly available on the web but without quality assurance. The evaluation shows high temporal correlation for O3 (r=0.9) and high spatial correlations for PM2.5 (r=0.5 and r=0.8 depending on the data set) between the model results and observations. While the overall bias in PM2.5 is small (lower than 6%), the model overestimates O3 by 35%. The underestimation in NOx titration is probably the main reason for the O3 overestimation in the model. However, the level of agreement can be considered satisfactory in this case of a regional model being evaluated against mainly urban measurements, and given inevitable uncertainties in much of the input data For the 2050s, the model predicts that climate change will have distinct effects in India in terms of O3 pollution, with a region in the North characterized by a statistically significant increase by up to 4% (2 ppb) and one in the South by a decrease up to -3% (-1.4 ppb). This variation in O3 is found to be partly related to changes in O3 deposition velocity caused by changes in soil moisture and, over a few areas, partly also by changes in biogenic NMVOCs. Our calculations suggest that PM2.5 will increase by up to 6.5% in the 2050s, driven by increases in dust, particulate organic matter (OM) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), which are mainly affected by the change in precipitation, biogenic emissions and wind speed. The large increase in anthropogenic emissions has a larger impact than climate change, causing O3 and PM2.5 levels to increase by 13% and 67% in average in 2050s, respectively. By the 2030s, secondary inorganic aerosol is predicted to become the second largest contributor to PM2.5 in India, and the largest in 2050s, exceeding OM and dust.
Evaluating the mutagenic potential of aerosol organic compounds using informatics based screening
Authors: Decesari Stefano , Kovarich Simona , Pavan Manuela , Bassan Arianna , Ciacci Andrea , Topping David
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Whilst general policy objectives to reduce airborne particulate matter (PM) health effects are to reduce exposure to PM as a whole, emerging evidence suggests more detailed metrics associating impacts with different aerosol components might be needed. Since it is impossible to conduct toxicological screening on all possible molecular species expected to occur in aerosol, in this study we perform a proof of concept evaluation on the information retrieved from in silico toxicological predictions, in which a subset (N = 104) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compounds were screened for their mutagenicity potential. An extensive database search showed that experimental data are available for 13 % of the compounds while reliable predictions were obtained for 82 %. A multivariate statistical analysis of the compounds based on their physico-chemical, structural and mechanistic properties showed that 80 % of the compounds predicted as mutagenic were grouped into six clusters, three of which (5-membered lactones from monoterpene oxidation, oxygenated multifunctional compounds from substituted benzene oxidation, and hydroperoxides from several precursors) represent new candidate groups of compounds for future toxicological screenings. These results demonstrate that coupling model-generated compositions to in silico toxicological screening might enable more comprehensive exploration of the mutagenic potential of specific SOA components.
226Ra and 228Ra in the stratified estuary of the Krka River (Adriatic Sea, Croatia): implications for submarine groundwater discharge and its derived nutrients
Authors: Liu Jianan , Du Jinzhou , Gašparović Blaženka , Čanković Milan , Hrustić Enis , Cukrov Neven , Zhu Zhuoyi , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We conducted a field survey in the Krka River and its estuary (Croatia) in September 2014 to study the significance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and derived nutrients. During the sampling period, the exchange time of the brackish water above the halocline in the Krka River Estuary (KRE) was calculated to be 8.3 ± 3.5 days. Three approaches of three end-member model, mass balance model and time series observation in tidal period based on Ra isotopes were used to evaluate the SGD fluxes in the KRE surface layer. We estimated the SGD flux to be (1.3–7.8) × 105 m3 d−1, which was approximately 2.7–16.1 % of the Krka River discharge into the estuary. By establishing the nutrient budgets in the KRE surface layer, SGD dominated the nutrient sources, followed by Krka River. SGD-derived dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved orthosilicate (DSi) contributed 26.8–68.6 % and 9.5–38.3 % to the total DIN and DSi fluxes into the surface waters of KRE, respectively. This indicates that SGD was likely a major external source of those nutrients in the KRE. We have identified that SGD-derived nutrients and their high N : P ratios may affect the ecosystem productivity in the KRE and nearby Adriatic.
Identification of stable areas in unreferenced laser scans for automated geomorphometric monitoring
Authors: Wujanz Daniel , Avian Michael , Krueger Daniel , Neitzel Frank
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Current research questions in the field of geomorphology focus on the impact of climate change on several processes causing subsequently natural hazards. Geodetic deformation measurements are a suitable tool to document such geomorphic mechanisms e.g. under the use of terrestrial laser scanners that capture a region of interest in a quasi-laminar fashion which results in a so-called 3D point cloud. In this context the central problem is linked to the transformation of 3D point clouds captured at different points in time (epochs) into a common reference coordinate system. To date, this step has been carried out by usage of artificial targets and/or control points. Several drawbacks are related to this strategy such as the enormous effort to distribute the targets in object space, the required survey by additional geodetic sensors such as total stations or GNSS-receivers as well as the limited extent within the region of interest. In this contribution a surface-based registration methodology, termed the iterative closest proximity algorithm (ICProx), that solely uses points as input, similar to the iterative closest point-algorithm (ICP), and hence does not require any artificial targets or extracted geometric primitives, such as planes. The aim of this study was to automatically determine deformations that occurred at a rock glacier, an ice glacier as well as in a rock fall area. For every example two epochs were processed while the ICProx-algorithm’s classification accuracy is 70 % on average.
Spatio-temporal trends in observed and downscaled precipitation over Ganga Basin
Authors: Arora Himanshu , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad , Buytaert Wouter , Kaushika Gujjunadu Suryaprakash , Sharma Chetan
Published: July 2017

Abstract. This paper focuses on the spatio-temporal trends of precipitation over the Ganga Basin in India for over 2 centuries. Trends in precipitation amounts are detected using observed data for historical period in 20th century and using downscaled precipitation data from 37 GCMs for 21st century. The ranking of 37 GCMs (from CMIP5 archive) is done employing a statistics based skill score. The best ranked GCM output is then bias corrected with observed precipitation prior to further analysis. The direction and magnitude of trend in annual and seasonal precipitation series is determined using Mann Kendall’s test statistic (ZMK) and Thiel Sen’s Slope estimator (β). The plots depicting the spatial variation of ZMK and β are prepared which provides a comprehensive inter-scenario comparison of spatio-temporal trends in precipitation series. Highly non-uniform spatio-temporal trends are detected for observed precipitation series. It is observed that the precipitation for annual and southwest monsoon season is indicating a rising trend for all future emission scenarios in the region adjacent to Himalayas (northeast side of study area) but shows falling trends in the plains away from the Himalayas. Insignificant trends are observed in pre-monsoon and winter season precipitation. An inter-emission-scenario comparison shows that for higher emission scenarios the annual and southwest monsoon precipitation is showing rising trends with increasing spatial dominance i.e. the area under rising trends increases as we observe it from low to high emission scenarios.
A Process–Based Rating Curve to model suspended sediment concentration in Alpine environments
Authors: Costa Anna , Anghileri Daniela , Molnar Peter
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A Process-Based Rating Curve (PBRC) approach to simulate mean daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) as a function of different sediment sources and their activation by erosive rainfall (ER), snowmelt (SM), and icemelt (IM) in an Alpine catchment is presented. Similarly to the traditional rating curve, the PBRC relates SSC to the three main hydroclimatic variables through power functions. We obtained the hydroclimatic variables from daily gridded datasets of precipitation and temperature, implementing a degree-day model to simulate spatially distributed snow accumulation and snow-ice melt. We calibrated the PBRC parameters by an Iterative Input Selection algorithm to capture the characteristic response time lags, and by a gradient-based nonlinear optimization method to minimize the errors between SSC observations and simulations. We apply our approach in the upper Rhône Basin, a large Alpine catchment in Switzerland. Results show that all three hydroclimatic processes ER, SM, and IM are significant predictors of mean daily SSC (explaining 75 %, 12 % and 3 % of the total observed variance). Despite not using discharge in prediction, the PBRC performs better than the traditional rating curve, especially during validation at the daily scale and in reproducing SSC seasonality. The characteristic time lags of the three variables in contributing to SSC reflect the typical flow concentration times of the corresponding hydrological processes in the basin. Erosive rainfall determines the daily variability of SSC, icemelt generates the highest SSC per unit of runoff, and snowmelt-driven fluxes represent the largest contribution to total suspended sediment yield. Finally, we show that the PBRC is able to simulate changes in SSC in the past 40 years in the Rhône Basin connected to air temperature rise, even though these changes are more gradual than those detected in observations. We argue that a sediment source perspective on suspended sediment transport such as the PBRC may be more suitable than traditional discharge-based rating curves to explore climate-driven changes in fine sediment dynamics in Alpine catchments. The PBRC approach can be applied to any Alpine catchment with a pluvio-glacio-nival hydrological regime and adequate hydroclimatic datasets.
Optical and SAR data integration for automatic change pattern detection
Authors: Mishra B. , Susaki J.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Automatic change pattern mapping in urban and sub-urban area is important but challenging due to the diversity of urban land use pattern. With multi-sensor imagery, it is possible to generate multidimensional unique information of Earth surface features that allow developing a relationship between a response of each feature to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors to track the change automatically. Thus, a SAR and optical data integration framework for change detection and a relationship for automatic change pattern detection were developed. It was carried out in three steps: (i) Computation of indicators from SAR and optical images, namely: normalized difference ratio (NDR) from multi-temporal SAR images and the normalized difference vegetation index difference (ΔNDVI) from multi-temporal optical images, (ii) computing the change magnitude image from NDR and ΔNDVI and delineating the change area and (iii) the development of an empirical relationship, for automatic change pattern detection. The experiment was carried out in an outskirts part of Ho Chi Minh City, one of the fastest growing cities in the world. The empirical relationship between the response of surface feature to optical and SAR imagery has successfully delineated six changed classes in a very complex urban sprawl area that was otherwise impossible with multi-spectral imagery. The improvement of the change detection results by making use of the unique information on both sensors, optical and SAR, is also noticeable with a visual inspection and the kappa index was increased by 0.13 (0.75 to 0.88) in comparison to only optical images.
Increasing CO2 flux at Pisciarelli, Campi Flegrei, Italy
Authors: Queiβer Manuel , Granieri Domenico , Burton Mike , Arzilli Fabio , Avino Rosario , Carandente Antonio
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Campi Flegrei caldera is located in the metropolitan nucleus of Naples (Italy), and has been undergoing different stages of unrest since 1950, evidenced by episodes of significant ground uplift followed by minor subsidence, increasing and fluctuating emission strengths of water vapor and CO2 from fumaroles, and periodic seismic crises. We deployed a scanning laser remote sensing spectrometer (LARSS) that measures path integrated CO2 concentrations at the Pisciarelli area in May 2017. The resulting mean CO2 flux is 578 ± 246 t d−1. Our data suggest a significant increase in CO2 flux at this site since 2015. Together with recent geophysical observations, this suggests a greater contribution of the magmatic source to the degassing and/or an increase of permeability at shallow levels. Thanks to the integrated path soundings, LARSS proves to give representative measurements from large regions containing different CO2 sources, including fumaroles, low-T vents, and degassing soils, helping to constrain the contribution of deep gases and their migration mechanisms towards the surface.
Editorial No.45
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2017

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017
Medición de la cantidad de residuos plásticos pequeños en algunas playas de El Salvador
Authors: Barraza Enrique
Published: July 2017

Durante los meses de abril y agosto de 2016, se recolectaron 24 muestras de arena intermareal y berma (38,400 cm2) en seis playas de El Salvador para medir el peso de fragmentos de plástico y otros residuos sólidos asociados. El sedimento se clasificó en tamaños superiores a 10, 4 y 2 mm en tamices separados. El material más abundante fueron restos vegetales que alcanzaron 376.6 g, en cambio, se registraron 21.7 g de fragmentos plásticos. Debido a la cercanía con la vacación de Semana Santa de 2016, con el primer muestreo se detectó una tendencia de mayor acumulación de sólidos plásticos. Se detectó diferencia significativa al comparar los pesos de material vegetal y plástico entre estación seca y lluviosa. Por el contrario, los pesos de los diferentes desechos sólidos no presentaron diferencias significativas entre el área intermareal y berma.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017: 45-54
Pedagogía en centros penitenciarios latinoamericanos: Una realidad invisibilizada
Authors: San Lucas Solórzano Carolina Elizabeth , Rosero Morales Elena Del Rocío , Andrade Sylvia
Published: July 2017

Un recorrido teórico legal a nivel latinoamericano muestra el interés y los esfuerzos sumados por la realidad penitenciaria de cada país en cumplimiento de los derechos humanos. La adecuada reinserción social que disminuya la reincidencia en actos delictivos de la sociedad es el objetivo primordial; la práctica pedagógica en el proceso de reinserción y promulgada en los modelos penitenciarios, visibiliza por un lado la intención de gobiernos en mejora del sistema, y por otro lado invisibiliza componentes que no ejecutoriados adecuadamente por factores como el contexto de encierro, la escasa capacitación de quienes están inmersos en el sistema y el olvido social, deteriora las posibilidades de una reinserción idónea de las personas privadas de libertad. Los estudios evidencian modelos penitenciarios con base en una pedagogía social comunitaria aplicados con éxito en ciertos contextos sociales, derivando la necesidad de que su implementación se dé bajo análisis técnicos, permitiendo su aplicabilidad en otras sociedades con igual o mayor apremio de cambio estructural en pro de una eficiente reinserción. El artículo contempla el método de síntesis del conocimiento científico, con una revisión de tipo narrativo basado en técnicas de rastreo y lectura de bibliografía referenciada.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 45, Enero-Junio 2017: 77-92
Is Financial Analysis Doomed? The Birth of “Reactive Valuation” Analysis
Authors: Griffin Paul A. , Padaria Mohammedi
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms’ information landscape has changed in recent years and why this could be problematic for those engaged in financial analysis and equity valuation. Our central contention is that two main forces of change – lower information costs and faster information processing – have completely disrupted the traditional concept of financial analysis. In response to this disruption, financial analysis will now increasingly take the form of “reactive valuation.” In addition to examining our main contention, we introduce a new term into the literature, called “reactive valuation,” which we define as the ultra short-term valuation of an equity, lasting from a few seconds to a few hours, based on information primarily published through social media channels. It may be later corroborated by factually based information or remain unsubstantiated. It may or may not be from an authoritative source. It also may not relate clearly or directly to the valuation of the underlying asset. However, based mostly on the tools of artificial intelligence and natural language processing, “reactive valuation” will invariably provide an opportunity for statistical arbitrage during the short time it takes for the market to digest the information. Financial analysts who survive these two forces of change will have detailed knowledge of this new form of financial analysis.
Recent Zones of Portraiture: The Selfie
Authors: Bruś Teresa
Published: July 2017

In the “age of the selfie” (Jerry Saltz), we gauge the self as active. This paper proposes to engage the selfie as a dominant and enlarging practice of assertion and performance of lived existence.  I align the selfie with the snapshot, making a point about their extraordinary cultural force and productivity determined by their distinctive economies and technical bases as well as cultural statuses.  An expression of our desire to be visible in the social world, the selfie, I argue, is a sub-genre of portraiture which exposes and “proliferates” our face as an activity promising interaction. In the “post-face” phase of our culture this performative face is a surface of the visual present, always in the making.This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on May 24th 2016, and published on July 12th 2017.
Identity and National Belonging in Ansaruallah’s Political Rhetoric: A Transitivity Analysis
Authors: Alaghbary Gibreel Sadeq
Published: July 2017

The present study concerns the application of the transitivity model as an analytical tool in the investigation of ideology in political rhetoric. Specifically, the paper examines the issues of national belonging and the construction of identity in Ansaruallah’s proposals to the National Dialog Conference in 2013. The data for the study is constituted, for considerations of thematic relevance, by the Sa’ada Issue part of the proposals. The objective of the analysis is to find out in what terms Ansarullah’s identity is constructed, how the nation is promoted as a value in Ansaruallah’s political rhetoric, and how important national belonging is in Ansaruallah’s construction of their social identity. In order to address these concerns, the paper analyzes the nominal and verbal constructions in the proposals using the linguistic framework of the transitivity model (Simpson, 1988). Findings from the analysis reveal that Ansaruallah construct themselves as an oppressed group whose members are bound by religion and oppression, rather than by a nationalist bond. Indeed, Ansaruallah distance themselves from Yemen, fellow Yemenis, the national government and from national institutions, and instead express emotional attachment to Sa’ada, which is construed as the homeland, and solidarity with Ansaruallah militants and Sa’ada residents, who are construed as the co-nationals of the homeland.
Telenovela, an Instrument for Democracy
Authors: Eskandari Sina
Published: July 2017

Telenovela shapes important and highly favorite section of the television productions. The T.V. series have moved out from their traditional structure with an entertaining aspect and have been divided into different types and scopes. Taking into consideration the time and the atmosphere of dissemination which the Telenovela programs hold in T.V. antenna, there is a need to conduct studies on sociology of Telenovela more than any other times in the past. This article is an attempt to review the two subject-matters of Telenovela and Narration and their connection with democracy through sociological sporadic studies. This will also present the significance of this genre in T.V. productions at local and international discourses. Observations, field researches and library study methods have been employed in this research.
The taxation of privately owned forest land in Canada: A review of the taxation systems in all ten provinces
Authors: Rotherham Tony
Published: July 2017

Canada has 400 million ha of forest land. Only 25 million ha (5%) is in private ownership. This private forest land is generally divided in two categories: 450 000 private woodlots covering about 15 million ha in the settled regions of Canada and about 5 million ha in larger blocks owned by pension funds, investors, and forest products companies. The private woodlots are subject to municipal or provincial property taxes. The provinces use several approaches to determine the level of tax to be paid. In some cases, the tax system is used to provide an incentive to manage the land. The property tax system offers a policy tool to encourage active management of the land and help ensure a healthy, diverse, and productive forest that contributes forest-related ecological goods and services to the community as well as timber to the local economy.

It is in the long-term interests of rural communities that land remains in production and that forested land is managed to maintain the forest in a healthy condition and produce both forest-related environmental goods and services and timber to support the rural economy. A well-designed property tax structure based on incentives that is accepted as fair and is supported by taxpayers can help to achieve these objectives. The survey of provincial property tax systems shows several approaches to the application of property tax systems on forest lands.

Property tax systems applied to forest land that are based on incentives to actively manage the land and are coupled with financial assistance for tree planting on idle land offer simple and practical ways to keep rural land in production. This is particularly true of marginal/sub-marginal land that has been cleared but is no longer used for agricultural production. Incentives help to ensure that forested land is managed to maintain the forest in a healthy condition and produce forest-related environmental goods and services (EG&S) as well as timber to support the rural economy.
Allometric modelling of crown width for white spruce by fixed- and mixed-effects models
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Huang Shongming
Published: July 2017

Crown width is an important predictor for tree growth, crown surface area, forest canopy cover, tree-crown profiles and wildlife habitat indices. This paper developed crown width models for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in Alberta using allometric fixed and mixed models with varying degrees of model complexity. Diameter at breast height was the most important predictor and was used in the base model. Crown ratio, height-diameter ratio and two competition indices (CIs) were additional predictors added to the base model to form four expanded models. At each level of complexity, a fixed model and a mixed model were fitted. Improved fits were achieved for both model types as model complexity increased, and all mixed models provided much better fits than their fixed model counterparts. Population-averaged (PA) predictions by fixed models, and typical mean (TM), PA and plot-specific (PS) predictions by mixed models were compared on both model fitting and validation data. TM and PA predictions by each mixed model were almost identical, and they were less accurate than PA predictions by the fixed model counterpart, especially for simpler models. Much better PS predictions by mixed models were observed on both datasets. Although the distancedependent CI was slightly better than the distance-independent CI, both were not recommended due to their marginal contributions to crown width predictions.
MARCO CIVIL DA INTERNET E NEUTRALIDADE DA REDE: ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS E TECNOLÓGICOS
Authors: César Daniel , Barreto Junior Irineu Francisco
Published: July 2017

Este artigo analisa o Marco Civil da Internet, legislação que estabelece princípios, garantias, direitos e deveres para a utilização da Internet no Brasil, com foco específico no princípio da Neutralidade da Rede e seus aspectos jurídicos e tecnológicos. Para tal finalidade, a pesquisa analisa a neutralidade sob três aspectos, como um princípio jurídico, como regra específica e como arquitetura da Internet. O artigo conclui que o Marco Civil da Internet optou por impor o tratamento isonômico aos responsáveis pela transmissão, comutação ou roteamento na rede, mas que a discriminação só é tratada em uma das camadas que compõe a rede, a camada física. Com isso, a determinação isonômica exclui a camada que contém as plataformas de acesso aos conteúdos e aplicações, podendo assim haver discriminação na pesquisa a determinados conteúdos, sem quebrar o princípio da Neutralidade da Rede.
Changes in macular thickness after trabeculectomy with or without adjunctive 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Kadziauskienė Aistė , Strelkauskaitė Ernesta , Mockevičiūtė Eglė , Ašoklis Rimvydas , Lesinskas Eugenijus , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: July 2017

Conflict of interest. None of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare, financial or otherwise. No financial or other support was received for the study.
Background. The  aim of the  study was to assess changes in macular thickness after trabeculectomy in respect to the  use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as well as to analyse possible associations between the  postoperative changes in macular thickness and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Materials and methods. The prospective observational study included 106 eyes (100 patients) with glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy with or without 5-FU. Subsequently 5-FU needling was performed if failure of the  filtrating bleb occurred. Macular thickness and the  IOP were evaluated before, one week, and six months after the surgery. The mean and sectoral macular thickness was assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
Results. The mean (±SD) IOP reduced from 27.71 (±6.88) mmHg at baseline to 18.3  (±8.1)  mmHg one week (p
L’entretien de co-explicitation au service de la recherche collaborative
Authors: PIERRISNARD Christine
Published: July 2017

Dans le cadre des recherches sur les nouvelles pratiques philosophiques avec les enfants, un groupe réunit enseignants-chercheurs et professeurs des écoles spécialisés du système éducatif français, pour une recherche collaborative. Il observe les pratiques de ses membres et remarque qu’elles tendent à modifier les représentations temporelles sur lesquelles élèves comme enseignants s’appuient habituellement pour penser et agir en classe. Ces modifications ont des conséquences importantes parfois difficiles à identifier. Les entretiens de co-explicitation que nous présentons ici ont permis la prise de conscience et la reconnaissance de savoirs d’expérience ainsi que le développement de savoirs théoriques.
High-resolution mapping of heteroduplex DNA formed during UV-induced and spontaneous mitotic recombination events in yeast
Authors: Yin Yi , Dominska Margaret , Yim Eunice , Petes Thomas D
Published: July 2017

In yeast, DNA breaks are usually repaired by homologous recombination (HR). An early step for HR pathways is formation of a heteroduplex, in which a single-strand from the broken DNA molecule pairs with a strand derived from an intact DNA molecule. If the two strands of DNA are not identical, there will be mismatches within the heteroduplex DNA (hetDNA). In wild-type strains, these mismatches are repaired by the mismatch repair (MMR) system, producing a gene conversion event. In strains lacking MMR, the mismatches persist. Most previous studies involving hetDNA formed during mitotic recombination were restricted to one locus. Below, we present a global mapping of hetDNA formed in the MMR-defective mlh1 strain. We find that many recombination events are associated with repair of double-stranded DNA gaps and/or involve Mlh1-independent mismatch repair. Many of our events are not explicable by the simplest form of the double-strand break repair model of recombination.
Prediction of protein function using a deep convolutional neural network ensemble
Authors: Zacharaki Evangelia I.
Published: July 2017

Background

The availability of large databases containing high resolution three-dimensional (3D) models of proteins in conjunction with functional annotation allows the exploitation of advanced supervised machine learning techniques for automatic protein function prediction.

Methods

In this work, novel shape features are extracted representing protein structure in the form of local (per amino acid) distribution of angles and amino acid distances, respectively. Each of the multi-channel feature maps is introduced into a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for function prediction and the outputs are fused through support vector machines or a correlation-based k-nearest neighbor classifier. Two different architectures are investigated employing either one CNN per multi-channel feature set, or one CNN per image channel.

Results

Cross validation experiments on single-functional enzymes (n = 44,661) from the PDB database achieved 90.1% correct classification, demonstrating an improvement over previous results on the same dataset when sequence similarity was not considered.

Discussion

The automatic prediction of protein function can provide quick annotations on extensive datasets opening the path for relevant applications, such as pharmacological target identification. The proposed method shows promise for structure-based protein function prediction, but sufficient data may not yet be available to properly assess the method’s performance on non-homologous proteins and thus reduce the confounding factor of evolutionary relationships.