bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in a Guild of Forest Owls: Eurasian Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum), Ural Owl (Strix uralensis), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) at Kamenný Hrb – Bankov Site in Volovské Mountains Near Košice Town, Eas
Authors: Pačenovský Samuel , Kürthy Alexander
Published: April 2022

A guild of forest owls was evaluated in 1989 − 2021 in a 5.2 km2 site in Slovakian Volovské mountains in Western Carpathians. Only the Eurasian Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) declined in this near 30 year period from 8 to 5 territories and that local decline is referred to the increased presence of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco). Clear decline of calling activity of Eurasian Pygmy Owl in sympatric areas with Tawny Owls was also noted. Tawny Owl almost doubled its population from 3 to 5 territories occupied in 2017–2021 and the Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) was almost absent during 1989–1994 but occupied 8 breeding territories in years 2017–2021. Tawny Owl has a tendency of spreading to higher elevations, while Boreal Owl has an opposite tendency. Boreal Owl seeks suitable breeding habitats in old fir-beech forests with fir and oak stands and Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) holes in old beeches as low as below 500 m a.s.l. Due to good populations of small mammals, Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) has been able to maintain stable populations with ca. 8 pairs in the study area between years 1989–2021. Good food situation also attracted some Boreal Owls to lowest known elevation limit of the species in Slovakia. Further research is needed, on a larger scale, to support the population trends documented in this paper.
Pathology of Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Authors: Robin Yves-Marie
Published: April 2022

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare orphan sarcoma of uncertain differentiation according to the latest WHO classifcation of soft tissue tumors with a somewhat indolent clinical course. The common histomorphological alveolar-type presentation is unique. It is usually not graded according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers grading system, but nonetheless defined as a high-grade sarcoma. The tumor adopts a clinical pattern with a distinctive natural history marked by local recurrences up to 50% of cases and a high prevalence of metastases in such diverse sites such as the lung, liver, brain, bone that can occur more than 10 years after the primary event. ASPS is driven by a specific recurrent nonreciprocal translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25). This chimeric gene fusion is also found (albeit in the balanced mode) in a subset of renal cell carcinomas in the young. Nevertheless, its high specificity and sensitivity in ASPS is a recognized feature and accurate diagnosis requires trained pathologists and molecular testing. Prognostication is based on age, size of tumor, primary site, and the presence or not of metastasis.
Prediction of Environmental Sound Pressure Levels from Wind Farms: A Simple but Accurate Model
Authors: Elizabeth González Alice , Cataldo Ottieri José
Published: April 2022

The prediction of the environmental sound pressure levels of wind farms does not yet have a global consensus on how to achieve an easy-to-build model with accurate results. This chapter aims to present the sound pressure level prediction model developed at Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Its main characteristics are: taking into account atmospheric stability to determine the acoustic power of the machines; describing the generation of noise along the blades due to turbulent phenomena; and calculating the noise propagation at different distances from the tower taking into account atmospheric absorption, turbulence energy dissipation, and geometric divergence. It does not have any special IT requirements. A new approach to calculating geometric divergence is considered. The results show more than 80% of the cases within the range of ±3 dB, for wind farms throughout our country. The need to use not only A-weighted sound pressure levels but also octave frequency band levels is indicated.
A Study on Contractors’ Perception of Using Wood for Construction
Authors: Emre Ilgın Hüseyin , Karjalainen Markku , Koponen Olli-Paavo , Soikkeli Anu
Published: April 2022

Construction work is very resource-intensive, and construction projects contain many parameters, in which the choice of building material is one of the critical decisions with numerous criteria, e.g., cost, durability, and environmental impact. Moreover, this complex process includes different parties such as contractors, architects, engineers, where contractors are the most influential decision-makers in material selection. Increasing the use of renewable materials such as wood, which is a technically, economically, and environmentally viable alternative in buildings, can make construction more sustainable. The perceptions of the contractors influence what they propose and therefore the increase in wood construction. With the increasing resource efficiency and the need to adapt to climate change in the construction industry, there is need for contractors to implement sustainable practices. In this chapter, contractors’ perceptions of the use of wood in buildings were examined. The results are expected to contribute to environmental remediation by developing strategies to counter perceived barriers and providing insight into new solutions to a conservative space and expanding the use of wood to achieve a more sustainable construction industry. In addition, recommendations for future research, e.g., adhesive- and metal-fastener-free dovetail wood board elements as sustainable material alternatives were presented.
Biophysical and Biochemical Approaches for R-Loop Sensing Mechanism
Authors: Young Cheon Na , Kim Subin , Yil Lee Ja
Published: April 2022

An R-loop is a triple-stranded nucleic acid structure consisting of a DNA–RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. R-loops are associated with diverse biological reactions, such as immune responses and gene regulation, and dysregulated R-loops can cause genomic instability and replication stress. Therefore, investigating the formation, regulation, and elimination of R-loops is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and diseases related to R-loops. Existing research has primarily focused on R-loop detection. In this chapter, we introduce a variety of biochemical and biophysical techniques for R-loop sensing and visualization both in vivo and in vitro, including single-molecule imaging. These methods can be used to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying R-loop search and identification.
Amino Acids as Neurotransmitters. The Balance between Excitation and Inhibition as a Background for Future Clinical Applications
Authors: R. Nartsissov Yaroslav
Published: April 2022

For more than 30 years, amino acids have been well-known (and essential) participants in neurotransmission. They act as both neuromediators and metabolites in nervous tissue. Glycine and glutamic acid (glutamate) are prominent examples. These amino acids are agonists of inhibitory and excitatory membrane receptors, respectively. Moreover, they play essential roles in metabolic pathways and energy transformation in neurons and astrocytes. Despite their obvious effects on the brain, their potential role in therapeutic methods remains uncertain in clinical practice. In the current chapter, a comparison of the crosstalk between these two systems, which are responsible for excitation and inhibition in neurons, is presented. The interactions are discussed at the metabolic, receptor, and transport levels. Reaction-diffusion and a convectional flow into the interstitial fluid create a balanced distribution of glycine and glutamate. Indeed, the neurons’ final physiological state is a result of a balance between the excitatory and inhibitory influences. However, changes to the glycine and/or glutamate pools under pathological conditions can alter the state of nervous tissue. Thus, new therapies for various diseases may be developed on the basis of amino acid medication.
Macrophage: A Key Player of Teleost Immune System
Authors: Sinha Ragini
Published: April 2022

Fish, the free-living organisms, residing in aquatic environment, are earliest vertebrates with fully developed innate and adaptive immunity. Immune organs homologous to those of mammalian immune system are found in fish. Macrophages are best known for their role in immunity, basic function of which being cytokine production and phagocytosis. Due to environmental adaptation and whole genome duplication, macrophages in teleost are differently modulated (pro-inflammatory, M1-type, and anti-inflammatory/regulatory, M2-type) and perform a variety of different functions as compared with those of mammals. Phagocytosis is a major mechanism for removing pathogens and/or foreign particles in immune system and therefore is a critical component of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the most competent phagocytes in teleost is found to be macrophages/monocytes. Increasing experimental evidence demonstrates that teleost phagocytic cells can recognize and destroy antigens to elicit adaptive immune responses that involve multiple cytokines. A detail understanding of teleost macrophages and phagocytosis would not only help in understanding the immune mechanism but will also help in disease prevention in teleost.
The Dialogue between the Patient’s Educational Needs and the Knowledge Transmitted by Nurses: The Case of the Transplanted Renal Patient
Authors: Costa Dilar , Matias Joana , Aguiar Filipa
Published: April 2022

Health education has been on the horizon of nursing professionals for decades. The design and development of new education programmes allied to the processes of ageing and chronic diseases have been sought after. In the twenty first century, the need to develop ‘performant’ policies that lead policymakers, health professionals and civil society to move towards new management of chronic disease marked by citizens’ participation in decisions regarding their health and control of the management of their health condition has accelerated the urgency of citizen-centred health care and education programmes tailored to their needs, preferences, values, and condition. In this paper, we explore what has been done around patient education by nursing professionals and the results achieved. We observe a positive scenario where the patient is seen as an active partner, which leads to the integration of a new perspective, assisted and participatory disease management. There is still a need for more structured and systematised education programmes and training for health professionals involved in this process.
Výukové materiály pro integrovanou přírodovědnou výuku
Authors: Bartoňová Markéta , Kričfaluši Dana
Published: April 2022

Integrated teaching can be defined as teaching in which the educational contents of subjects are interconnected while integrated educational content follows the aims of all integrated subjects. The idea of integrated teaching is currently emerging mainly in connection with the concept of education for the future and in response to the announced reduction of educational content in the Framework Educational Programs. Teachers do not take a negative view of the principles of integrated teaching, however according to previous research, one of the main reasons for not implementing integrated teaching, is lack of suitable materials. The contribution presents the proposed content and structure of teaching material (worksheet), that can be used in teaching Integrated Science (especially at the grammar school). For practical documentation of the given general rules, examples from the proposed worksheet on the topic “Chlorine cycle”, which is currently reviewed by high school teachers of chemistry, biology, geography and physics, are used. The worksheet is also used to illustrate the connection between the educational aims of integrated subjects and a new aim. The contribution starts a discussion about what parameters the teaching material for integrated (science) teaching should meet.
Úspěšnost žáků při řešení matematicky zaměřených chemických úloh
Authors: Břížďala Jan , Urválková Eva
Published: April 2022

When solving certain problems in chemistry, it is necessary for pupils to master not only the basic curriculum of this subject, but also to have mathematical skills. In the Czech curriculum documents for grammar schools (called gymnázium), mathematics is divided into the topics of argumentation and verification, number and variable, working with data, combinatorics, probability, dependence and functional relations, and geometry. Knowledge from these areas is then also used in solving chemical tasks, such as calculations in chemistry, determining the geometry of molecules or analysing data from tables and graphs. It can be assumed that mathematical literacy is key to successfully solving selected tasks in chemistry. This assumption was verified in a controlled interview with 5 grammar school graduates who achieved different learning outcomes in chemistry and mathematics. The students solved four constructed chemistry tasks using mathematical literacy, while think aloud method was used.
La escucha transformadora
Authors: Harrison Carol , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article shows that in numerous contexts Augustine systematically reflects on the theology of transformative listening and gives a salient example of it in practice. It focuses on the last three Books of the Confessions, especially on Book 11, where Augustine gives an unique, and paradigmatic, account of the art and practice of hearing.
La cristologia de las ‘enarrationes’ de 392 sobre los salmos
Authors: McWilliam Joanne , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the Christology in the Homilies of the Psalms 1-32 in 392, underlining that these Homilies are replete with catholic teachings about Christ, Head and body. It asserts that these Homilies challenge Donatist’s ecclesiology, presenting a new one, and in doing this, Augustine’s Christology expanded dramatically.
La hermenéutica antropológica en la teología patrística
Authors: Paciorek Piotr M. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the process by which the human being became a pattern for patristic methodology. It presents some essential articulations of the philosophical anthropology that is implicit in the entirety of patristic theology. It asserts that the anthropology as the hermeneutic of patristic theology, must be understood as an attempt to present the theological import of patristic teaching and its interpretation specifically from the anthropological perspective of the Fathers of the Church.
‘Cristo, la Sabiduría de Dios’ La lógica de atribución en ‘De Trinitate’ 5-7 de Agustín
Authors: Elgersma Helleman Wendy , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article examines Augustine’s argument in order to highlight his contribution on the concept Sophia/Sapientia. It presents the use of 1 Cor 1, 24 before Augustine, examining the argument and conclusions of trin 5-7, and gives the identity of Augustine’s pro-Nicene discussion partners.
Ecos antiapolinaristas y aristotelismo en la polémica de Juliano de Eclana
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the Christological Polemic between Saint Augustine and Julian of Eclanum, to elucidate if the knowledge that Julian had of Apollinarianism was accurate; if it is possible to individuate the source of this knowledge; if this source had also provided Julian his Aristotelian ideas, which are typical of his theological argumentations.
Las obras de san Ambrosio en los escritos de san Agustín anteriores al episcopado
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the traces that Ambrose’s works De fide, De Spiritu Sancto, Exameron, De paradiso, Expositio euangelii secundum Lucam y Expositio Ps. 118, left in Augustine's works befare his ordination as Bishop.
Oralidad, textualidad y la memoria de los feligreses, en los sermones de Agustín
Authors: Rosenberg Stanley P. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the ways in which saint Augustine's preaching can supplement or revise scholarly interpretation of the Augustine’s theology and ideas, and also the ideas about his listeners.
La elocuencia de la palabra
Authors: van Reisen Hans , van der Post Marc , Magliano Alejandra ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with Augustine’s point of view on words’ eloquence in human communication, since its foundation is in Christ, the living Word. It also deals with the importance and meaning that St. Augustine gives to that Word.
La exégesis bíblica de Agustín en De Genesi ad litteram líber unus imperfectus
Authors: Kamimura Naoki , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

In this article the author first examines Augustine’s bilateral commitment to the explanation of a literal exegesis in his works. Next he explores Augustine’s way of exposition in Gn. litt. imp., finally arguing the significance of his first literal interpretation.
La ep. 140 ad Honoratum, ¿una continuación del De utilitate credendï?
Authors: Eguiarte Bendímez Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with Augustine’s ep. 140, and the possible identity of the addressee of ep. 140 and the one of util. cred. It also deals with the main characteristics of the New Testament’s grace as Augustine presents it in ep. 140. Later it makes a comparison between the narrative structure of util. cred. and ep. 140, trying to find an argument to support the hypothesis of the identity of both Honoratus. It presents also the antimanichean arguments which are presented in ep. 140, since Honoratus was a former Manichean.
Postphenomenology or Essentialism?
Authors: Castleton Flores Alexander ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

Inuit customs establish that food must be shared with the community. For many Inuit, income from wage-work feeds back into the subsistence economy, as money is needed to buy snowmobiles, gas, or rifles to practice harvesting activities. In the last decade, both scholars and journalists have noted that the commercialization of traditional foods (also known as country foods) through Facebook is a current controversy among Inuit. This article will discuss this issue contrasting technological essentialism and postphenomenology. While technological essentialism establishes, from a Heideggerian perspective, that technology transforms reality into pure resource, postphenomenology focuses on describing how technology helps to shape the relations between humans and the world. This article will propose that the commercialization of country foods reflects Facebook’s multistability—that is, the fact that any given technology can present the world in multiple ways.
The Role of Subgenomic RNA in Discordant Results From Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for COVID-19
Authors: Toppings Noah B. , Oberding Lisa K. , Lin Yi-Chan , Evans David , Pillai Dylan R.
Published: April 2022

Context.—

Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard method of diagnosing COVID-19. An inconclusive test result occurs when 1 RT-PCR target is positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 1 RT-PCR target is negative for SARS-CoV-2 within the same sample. An inconclusive result generally requires retesting. One reason why a sample may yield an inconclusive result is that one target is at a higher concentration than another target.

Objective.—

To understand the role of subgenomic RNA transcripts in discordant results from RT-PCR tests for COVID-19.

Design.—

A panel of 6 droplet digital PCR assays was designed to quantify the ORF1, E-gene, and N-gene of SARS-CoV-2. This panel was used to quantify viral cultures of SARS-CoV-2 that were harvested during the eclipse phase and at peak infectivity. Eleven clinical nasopharyngeal swabs were also tested with this panel.

Results.—

In culture, infected cells showed higher N-gene/ORF1 copy ratios than culture supernatants. The same trends in the relative abundance of copies across different targets observed in infected cells were observed in clinical samples, although trends were more pronounced in infected cells.

Conclusions.—

This study showed that a greater copy number of N-gene relative to E-gene and ORF1 transcripts could potentially explain inconclusive results for some RT-PCR tests on low viral load samples. The use of N-gene RT-PCR target(s) as opposed to ORF1 targets for routine testing is supported by these data.
Anti–Receptor-Binding Domain Immunoglobulin G Antibody as a Predictor of Seropositivity for Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody
Authors: Xue Jian-Hang , Wang Yong-Jing , Li Wei , Li Qiu-Ling , Xu Qiu-Yan , Niu Jian-Jun , Liu Li-Li
Published: April 2022

Context.—

Neutralizing antibody detection can assess the incidence of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccines. However, commercial reagents for neutralizing antibodies were developed after the anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies. Therefore, some laboratories did not perform neutralizing antibody testing services because of multiple factors.

Objective.—

To find a fast, accurate, and economic alternative for the detection of neutralizing antibodies for the development of COVID-19 screening programs.

Design.—

The response and correlation of 3 antibodies (anti–spike protein neutralizing antibody, total anti–receptor-binding domain [RBD] antibody, and anti-RBD IgG) were determined by observing the dynamics in 61 participants for 160 days after vaccination.

Results.—

The levels of neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibodies reached their peak values on day 42 after vaccination (120.75 IU/mL and 14.38 signal-to-cutoff ratio [S/CO], respectively). The total antibody levels peaked at 138.47 S/CO on day 35 after vaccination. The strongest correlation was found between neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels (r = 0.894, P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for total antibody levels for the prediction of seropositivity for neutralizing antibodies was 0.881 (P < .001), and that for anti-RBD IgG antibody levels was 0.937 (P < .001).

Conclusions.—

Neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels were strongly correlated, and thus anti-RBD IgG antibody levels can be used for the accurate assessment of immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
empresa pública en la nueva Constitución chilena: algunas reflexiones críticas
Authors: González Barrios Simón
Published: April 2022

El estatuto de la empresa pública en el actual ordenamiento jurídico chileno presenta una fisonomía propia y característica del modelo autoritario y neoliberal diseñado por el constituyente de 1980 y que subsiste hasta hoy, en líneas generales, en el derecho público chileno. En este trabajo revisaremos sucintamente sus principales características, y esbozaremos prospectivamente como debiese configurarse en la nueva Constitución Política, desde el horizonte de un Estado social y democrático de derecho. Analizaremos también el periodo de “continuidad y cambio” que sobrevendrá a la entrada en vigor del nuevo Texto Fundamental, periodo en el que la adecuada interpretación por parte del legislador democrático y de la propia Administración, así como de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia, resulta crucial para que opere una transformación del diseño institucional trazado por la dictadura cívico-militar, que obedezca a la decisión del constituyente democrático por establecer un nuevo Estado, fundado en nuevos valores fundamentales.
eterno e inacabado debate sobre el cuestionado Consejo de la Magistratura de la República Argentina
Authors: Río Fruela
Published: April 2022

La instauración de un Consejo de la Magistratura en la República de Argentina ha sido fruto de un trabajo lento, cuestionado y cuestionable a día de hoy, donde ha pervivido un clima de confrontación constante entre los tres poderes y el sometimiento férreo del Poder ejecutivo y legislativo al Poder judicial. La ambivalencia del contenido de los arts. 114 y 115, con la reforma constitucional de 1994, ha permitido generar serias dudas sobre la existencia o inexistencia de la independencia judicial y del reconocimiento de las garantías judiciales de un Estado de Derecho. La ley que desarrolla el Consejo de la Magistratura ha sufrido diferentes modificaciones desde su promulgación, algunas de ellas han logrado mejorar en cierta medida el funcionamiento interno del órgano,  pero el problema central no se ha resuelto sino que se ha incentivado, porque la reducción de su composición del Consejo de la Magistratura y su excesiva dependencia por parte del Poder ejecutivo hacen peligrar la separación de poderes. Para solventar y mejorar la situación creada no solo se necesita una reforma de los preceptos constitucionales citados sino una despolitización del Consejo de la Magistratura, al igual que una mayor conciencia y voluntad política, empezando por el reconocimiento expreso, a través de la ley, de la separación de poderes y terminando con la no injerencia del Poder ejecutivo,así como del Poder legislativo, frente al judicial. En este trabajo no solo se estudiará el Consejo de la Magistratura, desde todas sus vertientes y extensión, sino que también se incidirá en un órgano realmente llamativo y de dudosa constitucionalidad, el denominado Jurado de Enjuiciamiento.
Avaliação fitossociológica da vegetação lenhosa de duas restingas no litoral Norte da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Valdira de Jesus , Campos Jamerson Rodrigo dos Prazeres , Sousa Felipe Correa , Alves Luis Gustavo Cantanhede , Zickel Carmen Sílvia , Almeida Junior Eduardo Bezerra de
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de analisar a fitossociologia e o nível sucessional do estrato lenhoso em duas áreas de restinga. O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado na restinga de Massarandupió e Diogo, litoral norte da Bahia, entre 2010-2012, através do método de quadrantes. Foram utilizados cinco transectos paralelos distando 10m entre si, e alocados dez pontos em cada transecto; totalizando 50 pontos em cada área. Nas duas restingas foram identificadas 58 espécies, 42 gêneros e 27 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Myrtaceae (13 espécies), Sapotaceae (cinco espécies), Dilleniaceae e Fabaceae (quatro espécies, cada). As espécies de maior dominância foram classificadas como pioneiras. Em Diogo encontrou-se 32 espécies e 19 famílias; em Massarandupió registrou-se 32 espécies e 18 famílias. O valor da similaridade da flora foi 18,75%, demonstrando baixa semelhança entre as áreas. O litoral brasileiro é composto por flora muito heterogênea, em composição de espécies e estrutura, apresentando diferentes formações, ainda que espacialmente próximas. A salinidade do solo e a disposição de nutrientes são fatores que contribuem para a diferença na distribuição das espécies. Entender o processo de regeneração natural da vegetação, através da sucessão ecológica, mostra-se importante para auxiliar em futuras estratégias de recuperação dos ambientes litorâneos.
Avaliação da toxicidade de microrganismos anaeróbios e aeróbios de lixiviado de aterro sanitário e do efluente produzido pelo processo fenton
Authors: Oliveira Elaine Gurjão de , Leite Valderi Duarte , Albuquerque Maria Virgínia da Conceição , Lopes Wilton Silva , Sousa José Tavares de , Ramos Railson de Oliveira , Rodrigues Roberta Milena Moura , Costa Evelyne Morgana Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho foi estudado a toxicidade de microrganismos anaeróbios e aeróbios do efluente de processo Fenton aplicado ao tratamento do lixiviado proveniente do aterro sanitário (LAS). O lixiviado utilizado foi coletado no aterro sanitário metropolitano da cidade de João Pessoa (PB). Após coletado, o substrato foi transportado a Estação Experimental de Tratamentos Biológicos de Esgotos Sanitários (EXTRABES) para caracterização química, levando-se em consideração a quantificação de material orgânico e nitrogenado e demais outros parâmetros, tomando-se como referência os métodos analíticos recomendados por APHA (2012). Os ensaios de toxicidade a microrganismos anaeróbios de lixiviado de aterro sanitário e efluente do processo fenton, foram realizados seguindo a metodologia proposta por Angelidaki et al. (2009), o Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP). A avaliação da toxicidade do lixiviado ‘in natura’ e do efluente do processo fenton a organismos aeróbios foi determinada pela redução da taxa consumo de oxigênio (TCO), utilizando-se respirômetro Beluga do tipo aberto e aeração semicontínua. Após a realização do processo fenton, foi constatado eficiências de remoções de 96,4% da cor, 85,3% da DQOtotal e 41,7% da Abs54. Nos resultados advindos dos ensaios de BMP, constatou-se que os percentuias de 4, 6, 8 e 10% do efluente do processo fenton adicionado ao substrato, propiciando níveis de inibição acima de 50% na produção de biogás em relação ao controle com período de tempo de 40 dias de monitoramento, confirmando o potencial tóxico do LAS mesmo após tratamento oxidativo. Apenas nos ensaios realizados com 2% de LAS adicionado ao substrato, não foi constatada inibição, haja vista ter sido produzido 122 mL.N. biogás.gDQO-1. Nos ensaios realizados com LAS ‘in natura’, a produção de biogás foi cerca de 5,3 vezes menor. Em relação aos microrganismos aeróbios, não foi observada diminuição da TCO, verificou-se um incremento da TCO de 2,15 e 6,94 mgO2.L-1.h-1 para os ensaios com aplicação de 2 e 10% de efluente fenton, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que, mesmo apresentando elevadas eficiências de remoção dos parâmetros químicos, o processo Fenton não produziu um efluente atóxico para todos os organismos testes.
Uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de manutenção mais econômicas na via ferroviária
Authors: Seraco Isaias Pereira , Ratton Neto Hostilio Xavier
Published: April 2022

As manutenções na via ferroviária são fundamentais para garantir um rígido controle sobre as degradações físicas e geométricas de seus componentes e assim viabilizar um tráfego seguro e eficiente. Os custos de execução desses serviços, contudo, são significativamente elevados, demandando estratégias de intervenção eficientes técnica e economicamente. Neste trabalho um novo conceito que relaciona o estado geométrico da via e o ritmo de degradação dos componentes foi estudado com o intuito de verificar sua viabilidade técnica e potencialidade para redução de custos. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico que investigou e corroborou a hipótese de que a condição geométrica da via permanente é capaz de induzir forças dinâmicas nos veículos cuja magnitude pode atingir patamares consideráveis e, a partir desse arcabouço teórico, foi desenvolvido um estudo empírico com dados de uma ferrovia nacional, por meio do qual foi analisado como essa característica pode influenciar na vida útil dos componentes da via férrea, e ainda como pode ser aproveitada no planejamento de estratégias de manutenção mais eficientes e sustentáveis a longo prazo. Os resultados obtidos foram significativamente relevantes, com economias potenciais expressivas, fruto, principalmente, de um incremento considerável da vida útil dos componentes e que indicaram, portanto, o quão promissor é o desenvolvimento deste novo campo de estudo tanto em seu aspecto econômico, quanto no que se refere à sustentabilidade ambiental fruto do uso maximizado dos itens em questão. Visando fomentar o aprimoramento da temática, ao final deste artigo são apresentadas oportunidades de pesquisas futuras.
Análise dos modos e efeitos de falhas no sistema de abastecimento de água do município de Bananeiras-PB: uma abordagem da captação à rede de distribuição
Authors: Santos Rubens Hayran Cabral dos , Barbosa Dayse Luna , Rodrigues Andrea Carla Lima
Published: April 2022

O risco é algo que permeia a humanidade desde o seu primórdio. Através da sua percepção é possível conjecturar cenários futuros indesejáveis e, desta feita, possibilitar a sua eliminação ou mitigação já que a sua materialização tem a probabilidade de trazer malefícios a organização, ao ser humano e até mesmo ao meio ambiente. Sendo assim, a aplicação de metodologias de análise de risco permite auxiliar as empresas a prevenir ou diminuir o impacto causado por eventuais mecanismos que prejudicam a qualidade do serviço prestado e a operabilidade do sistema. Compondo o rol de serviços, inclui-se os sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA), que apresenta complexidade em sua operação e, como qualquer outra atividade, está sujeita a ocorrência de falhas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi elencar os potenciais modos de falhas inseridos em cada etapa do SAA do município de Bananeiras-PB. Para tal, utilizou-se a metodologia Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), considerando as etapas de Captação, Adução, Tratamento, Elevação de Água Tratada, Reservação e Distribuição do sistema. Foram entrevistados onze profissionais ligados à área de recursos hídricos e saneamento a fim de quantificar as causas das falhas e seus respectivos graus de Severidade, Ocorrência e Detecção e, por meio dos produtos dos três índices, encontrar o grau de risco (RPN). Com os resultados obtidos foi possível ranquear quais os eventos possuem maior probabilidade de acontecer, bem como a sua magnitude e chance de interromper o serviço prestado aos usuários. Através da ponderação, a etapa de distribuição foi a que apresentou maior RPN. Necessita-se a inserção de medidas de prevenção e de mitigação a fim de atenuar as possíveis falhas inerentes ao sistema, haja vista que, algumas já se concretizam.
Reserva extrativista para quê? O olhar de quatipuru-mirim sobre a Resex marinha de Tracuateua e as políticas públicas implementadas
Authors: Costa Josinara Silva , Rocha Tainá Teixeira , Santos Neuma Teixeira dos
Published: April 2022

A Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (Resex-Mar de Tracuateua) é uma unidade de conservação (UC) federal que possui uma única comunidade tradicional dentro de sua área, a comunidade de Quatipuru-Mirim. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou analisar como comunitários de Quatipuru-Mirim percebem a existência da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua e quais políticas públicas têm sido implementadas na comunidade. Esta UC está localizada no Nordeste Paraense, no município de Tracuateua, distante cerca de 40 minutos da sede municipal. A pesquisa teve cunho qualitativo com aplicação de entrevistas a 15 moradores, abordando questões referentes ao conhecimento da unidade, sua gestão, importância e impacto na vida da comunidade. Para além disso, foi realizado um panorama das políticas públicas sociais e as voltadas para áreas protegidas, que estão implementadas na Resex. Os moradores reconhecem que estão dentro de uma unidade de conservação, no entanto, tem pouca participação nos processos de gestão, relacionando muitas vezes a existência da área apenas a construção de casas pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). No que tange às políticas públicas, o Programa de habitação do INCRA é o mais presente na comunidade, enquanto as políticas sociais voltadas a saúde e a infraestrutura são precárias, afetando a qualidade de vida dos moradores da comunidade de Quatipuru-Mirim. Diante dessa realidade, é preciso realizar ações que gerem melhorias aos moradores, bem como promovam o sentimento de governança para a incorporação do sentimento de pertencimento a uma área protegida, considerando que este sentimento possibilitará a efetiva proteção desse espaço e do modo de vida desta comunidade.
Modelagem de lixiviados e compostos gerados em sistema de drenagem de aterro controlado de Macapá/Brasil
Authors: Flores Carlos Armando Reyes , Cunha Alan Cavalcanti da , Cunha Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque
Published: April 2022

No Brasil os aterros sanitários (LF) apresentam um significativo e histórico déficit de implementação. Recentemente, por imposição legal, os projetos de LF têm sido exigidos para superar o grave cenário da disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos nos municípios. Na Amazônia brasileira são ainda raros os estudos de concepção e operação com base em análise de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas relevantes. Contudo, apesar da escassez de dados sobre LF na Amazônia, os recentes avanços científicos em modelagem e simulação computacional podem ser úteis para abordar o problema sob novas perspectivas, a partir da análise e otimização de processos aplicáveis em projetos (Vp) e operação de LF. No presente estudo foram analisados os lixiviados do LF no Município de Macapá/Brasil, usando múltiplos modelos e análise de sistemas (MODUELO). Foram realizadas análises sistemáticas dos parâmetros relevantes de projeto e operação do Aterro Controlado (LFC) por meio de balanços de massa e energia usando dados locais e parâmetros comuns aplicados em casos similares da literatura. Na segunda etapa, testamos estatisticamente três cenários simulados sobre o complexo sistema de fluxos de lixiviados Qg e seus potenciais impactos no LF e no seu entorno. Assim, três diferentes arranjos de tubulações de referência foram utilizados em Vp para avaliar repostas dos seus respectivos volumes de lixiviados (Qg) e concentrações de compostos físico-químicos e biológicos (p<0.05). Os resultados comparativos de Qg não foram significativos para os diferentes arranjos geométricos de tubos propostos sob influência hidrológica de um ano climático típico (p>0.05), sugerindo elevada similaridade de Qg nos referidos cenários. Assim, confirmou-se a hipótese de independência do arranjo geométrico das tubulações sobre Qg e concentração de compostos produzidos. Concluímos que o método de simulação proposto pode ser recomendado para análises similares, sugerindo que múltiplos cenários são extremamente replicáveis em concepção de projetos atuais e futuros na Amazônia.
Direito internacional público e acordos de livre comércio: Mercosul e a Coreia do Sul
Authors: Freitas Jardenson Ferreira de , Freitas Júnior João Galdino de
Published: April 2022

O artigo teve como objetivo discutir sobre as negociações do acordo de livre comércio entre Mercosul e Coreia do Sul, atualmente em fase avançada de negociação. Além da apresentação de informações econômico-comerciais da Coreia do Sul, com foco na relação com o Brasil. Aprofundou-se a identificação de possíveis efeitos econômicos e de oportunidades advindas desse acordo comercial através de simulações obtidas por Órgãos do Governo.
Análise histórica de acidentes rodoviários no estado do Tocantins com base em dados da Polícia Rodoviária Federal
Authors: Coelho Carlos Magno Francisco , Santos Rafaella Oliveira Guimarães , Mendes Alesi Teixeira
Published: April 2022

Os acidentes de trânsitos são um problema de segurança pública que ganha cada vez mais destaque nas ações do poder público. Sendo também um problema sério de saúde pública e gasto para o estado e a federação, o Tocantins é um dos estados brasileiros com maiores números de causas de acidentes em suas rodovias, deste modo, se faz necessário um estudo detalhado sobre suas causas e seus efeitos. O objetivo principal deste projeto é uma análise dos acidentes rodoviários no estado dentro dos dados da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, para analisar a relação de influência entre a causa de acidentes e as características das vias. Foi usado um modelo de pesquisa com fonte quantitativa, onde se utilizou a técnica estatística Análise Exploratória de Dados, com produção de tabela pelo Excel e gráficos que ilustram melhor as situações das causas que são divididas em subclasses. Deste modo, os resultados apresentam que os maiores causadores de acidentes estão relacionados com o condutor sendo a falta de atenção a condução e a velocidade incompatível os maiores causadores de acidentes, as causas relacionadas a veículos também foram destaques em acidentes, sendo o defeito mecânico um dos maiores causadores desse grupo. Portanto, nesse sentido deve-se reforçar campanhas de trânsito em rodovias estaduais e maiores fiscalizações dos órgãos competentes a fim de minimizar os acidentes e garantir mais segurança viária.
Estudo comparativo dos custos de implantação de três tipos sistemas de energia fotovoltaico na cidade de Porto Nacional - TO
Authors: Mendes Anna Júlia Pereira , Lima Diogo Pedreira
Published: April 2022

Sabe-se que o mundo está em um momento em que a sociedade está buscando cada vez mais se adequar aos meios de desenvolvimento sustentável como forma de preservar o meio ambiente e manter-se em equilíbrio para que não haja esgotamentos dos recursos energéticos presentes no mundo. Um desses meios é a energia solar ou fotovoltaica, que se baseia na conversão da energia que é radiada pelo sol em energia elétrica por meio de células fotovoltaicas, distribuídas em painéis que fazem parte do sistema de geração fotovoltaica. O presente trabalho tem como finalidade realizar um estudo comparativo do custo de implantação do sistema de energia solar com métodos de estruturas com rastreadores ativos, cronológicos e com sensores. Foi aferido os custos das implantações, além da identificação da eficiência de cada sistema juntamente com vantagens e desvantagens.
Changes in specific runoff in river catchments of Western Pomerania versus climate change
Authors: Świątek Małgorzata , Walczakiewicz Szymon. Autor
Published: April 2022

This paper examines specific runoffs in the catchments of the rivers Ina, Rega, Parsęta, Radew and Wieprza in the hydrological years 1981 through 2019. The magnitude of specific runoff is an indirect measure of water resources in a given region. Except for the Radew catchment, mean annual specific runoffs have diminished in all the analyzed catchments through the study period. In some or all of the catchments, runoffs from April through July have also diminished. The largest changes have been observed for June in the Ina and Parsęta catchments. These changes are basically due to the increase in air temperature.
Long-term analysis of thermal comfort conditions during heat waves in Ukraine
Authors: Shevchenko Olga , Snizhko Sergiy , Zapototskyi Sergii , Svintsitska Hanna , Matviienko Mariia , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is assessment of thermal comfort conditions during heat waves in Ukraine in the years 1961-2015. The assessment is based on the thermal index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature. This study uses data from 29 meteorological stations across Ukraine. The research showed an increasing frequency of occurrence of heat waves (HWs) in the territory of Ukraine in the last decades. East and south Ukraine (except of coastal stations) experienced the most strenuous human-biometeorological conditions whilst HWs were recorded in the country. Lower mean PET values were found in Western region of the country. The obtained results suggest that the HW event of 2010 was the longest and the most strenuous HW in human-biometeorological terms since 1961.
Family Dysfunction of Out-of-Control Teenage Girls: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zakaria Ezarina , Sarnon Norulhuda
Published: April 2022

Changes in family environment impacted by globalization and technology advancement posed a challenge in teenagers’ self-development. As the core agency concerning children protection, rehabilitation and care, the Malaysia Social Welfare Department is constantly being referred to by parents facing the problem of having to deal with their children’s out-of-control behaviour. This preliminary study utilises the qualitative case study approach aimed at exploring the social dysfunction elements of the families of teenage girls who are beyond-control. All informants were purposefully selected. Selection is limited only to those out-of-control teenagegirl cases. All selected informants are at the range of 13 to 18 years old and living under one roof with their families at the time when this study was conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis method. Our study reveals two dysfunctional family characteristics (i) ineffective communication within the family; and (ii) lack of care and love in the family. This study concludes that family dysfunctional elements are found to be closely related to out-of-control risk factors. The teenagers were found to be facing great challenges living in dysfunctional families. As such, the role of family social workers becomes very critical in helping teenage girls live more positively and in enabling them to deal with their problems so as to live a more meaningful and prosperous life.
High prevalence of multimorbidity and non-communicable disease risk factors in South African adolescents and youth living with HIV: Implications for integrated prevention
Authors:   Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Kamkuemah M , Gausi B ,   Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Oni T ,   Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
Published: April 2022

Background. Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) face an elevated non-communicable disease (NCD) risk resulting from HIV, psychosocial challenges, and the complications of antiretroviral therapy. Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of common NCDs and their risk factors among AYLHIV in urban Cape Town, South Africa, in order to inform an integrated approach to NCD screening and prevention in AYLHIV. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in six primary care facilities in Cape Town between March 2019 and January 2020. We collected sociodemographic information, and assessed dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional knowledge. We also screened for pre-existing and previously unidentified NCDs and modifiable risk factors in 92 adolescents and youth receiving treatment for HIV in primary care settings using self-report and objective measures. Differences between sexes and age groups were compared using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Results. Three out of four participants were female, and the median (interquartile range) age was 20.5 (18.9 - 22.9) years. More than a quarter were not in education, employment or training, and 44% were multidimensionally poor. Five percent of participants had measured hypertension, and 37% had central obesity. AYLHIV self-reported high levels of household food insecurity (70%), low daily fruit and vegetable consumption (28% and 52%, respectively), high refined sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake (31% and 29% daily intake, respectively), regularly skipping breakfast (42%), low nutritional knowledge (37% average score) and insufficient weekly physical activity levels (31%). A third (30%) were current smokers, and 24% engaged in binge drinking. Conclusions. Our findings of a high prevalence of NCDs and risk factors in AYLHIV highlight the importance of NCD risk screening as part of HIV care for AYLHIV. Such integrated approaches are needed to achieve the dual purpose of improving outcomes through early diagnosis of pre-existing NCDs as well as the prevention of NCD multimorbidity in AYLHIV. This study further demonstrates the need for early intervention on the social, environmental and economic determinants of NCDs targeting adolescents and youth.