bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Present Bias
Authors: Erdem Orhan , Dik Melis
Published: January 2021

Much of the economic theory in the beginning of the 20th century assumes that people's tastes and preferences are invariant throughout time. However, recent studies show that this assumption cannot be supported by experiments. Humans are more inclined to present outcomes than future ones. Economists name this as present bias, which can formally be defined as the undervaluing of a larger, later reward and the preference for a smaller, sooner reward. Present bias has been considered a crucial element of economic/financial decision-making processes and it is shown to be related to various suboptimal outcomes. Here, the chapter per the authors summarizes several definitions of present bias, reviews the literature on present bias and behavioral based interventions. The chapter points out the importance and the relevance of some recent studies that stand out, as well as their implications for our day-to-day lives and how we can combat present bias.
The Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Preparedness for Retirement in the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector in Uganda
Authors: Agabalinda Colin , Ndi Isoh Alain Vilard
Published: January 2021

In social economic contexts characterized by young populations largely employed in the small and medium enterprise informal sector, retirement preparedness is an individual responsibility. This chapter explores the effects of age and financial literacy (knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors) on retirement preparedness (RP). Primary data collected from a sample of n = 380 small and medium enterprise (SME) workers in Uganda is analyzed using SPSS. Measurement items are tested for validity and reliability to yield satisfactory composite reliability scores and average variance explained (AVE). Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that specific behaviors, knowledge, and skills, but not attitudes, are significant predictors of RP. Also, that age does not significantly moderate the relationship between financial literacy and retirement preparedness. The chapter outlines practical implications for policymakers and financial educators in a developing country context.
Impact of the COVID-19 on Higher Education
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Corell Alfredo , Rivero-Ortega Ricardo , Rodríguez-Conde María J. , Rodríguez-García Nicolás
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has a considerable impact on all business domains worldwide, almost with negative consequences. The digital transformation was already a requirement for all governments and institutions that this pandemic has accelerated to solve the confinement and the limitations to work and share the same spaces. Face-to-face higher education institutions moved towards an urgent and unplanned online teaching. After having closed one of the processes that has had the most significant impact on universities, the time has come to reflect and draw conclusions that will serve to face these institutions' future. A crisis always represents risks but also opportunities to change from a disruptive situation. This chapter reflects universities' futures from a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats approach with the perspective of the experiences lived during the end of the 2019-2020 academic year by some face-to-face universities in Spain.
Artificial Intelligence in the DigiCraft Educational Program
Authors: Cabezas-González Marcos , Casillas-Martín Sonia
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence encompasses an area of knowledge devoted to the study and understanding of the nature of human intelligence and its simulations to create a new generation of intelligent machines. As one of the most promising technologies, it is destined to lead a revolution comparable to that caused by the internet. However, compared with other areas, and for different reasons, artificial intelligence has not yet become integrated into the educational world, although most experts believe that it will successfully contribute to the improvement of education. The aim of this chapter is to introduce an innovative teaching proposal to develop children's digital competence using artificial intelligence. This proposal is being developed through an educational program called DigiCraft, headed by the Vodafone Spain Foundation with the pedagogical assistance of the Educational Technology Research Group of the University of Salamanca (GITE-USAL). Its main purpose is to provide training in the digital skills required for full social inclusion.
Architectural View of an App for Walking Through a City in a Safe Way
Authors: Pérez Vizcarra Aldo Alexis , Anccasi Figueroa Guadalupe Paulina , Torres Chana Jaison Willian , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: January 2021

This chapter offers a general review of the presence of the risks present in today's society and its impact on citizens' daily lives as well as the challenge it represents for the authorities in their desire to turn their cities into smart cities and proposes the use of Safe Paths, a mobile application focused on risk prevention based on social collaboration to identify dangerous areas and give alerts based on their users' location and the risks around to them. It also describes the architecture used by Safe Paths, the sketches used in its development, and finally shows the interface it provides to the end-user.
Historic-Phenomenological Evaluation of the Christian Experience in the Threshold of Human Development in Nigeria
Authors: Edet Victor Bassey
Published: January 2021

Evolving discourses within the sphere of Christian experience and social development reveals that social transformation in the society cannot be separated from spiritual transformation. Religion as a social phenomenon has therefore become an acknowledged and strategic dimension in the development thinking and practice in contemporary society. But despite apparent contributions of religion to the development of many societies such as Nigeria, the role of religion, especially Christianity, has not been given due recognition in the history and development of a number of societies such as Ibesikpo Asutan of Akwa Ibom State. This study therefore examines the religious experience of the people towards development between 1912 when Christianity arrived and 2019. The method adopted for this work is the phenomenological and descriptive designs. Findings reveal that besides the consciousness of the transcendent and the question of God's existence, Christian missions in Ibesikpo Asutan have contributed immensely toward the development of the area.
Divine Revelation in Natural Phenomena
Authors: Musendekwa Menard , Munamati Simbarashe
Published: January 2021

In 1 Kings 19:11-13, God revealed himself through a “gentle whisper” rather than his earlier manifestation through “powerful wind,” the “earthquake,” and “the fire.” A shift to the “gentle whisper” needs re-investigation. The problem is the inconsistences in divine revelation in natural phenomena. This chapter is responding to the question on why the natural phenomena which used to depict the presence of God to Moses depicted his absence to Elijah. Secondly, this chapter examines the revelation of Yahweh in a silent wind. A phenomenological approach can guide a better appreciation of God's attributive revelation even in current situations.
Attitudes Toward Technology Predict Teacher Candidates' Use of E-Resources
Authors: Inoue-Smith Yukiko
Published: January 2021

Facility and ease in using computer technology increase the value that students attach to online learning environments. The current study provides an analysis of teacher candidates' attitudes toward information technology as they predict receptivity to electronic resources (known as e-resources). This questionnaire-based study recruited a representative sample of teacher candidates (N = 101) at an American Pacific Island university as participants. Questions addressed the relationship between teacher candidates' levels of comfort with technology and the Internet, and their preferences for e-resources. Information literacy skills strongly predicted successful use of resource-based approaches to teacher education, which, in turn, predicted positive attitudes toward online learning environments. The results may guide teacher education programs, as they seek to optimize pre-service teachers' receptivity to course-appropriate resources. Working with future teachers affords an opportunity to promote their use of information technology, and their view of learning as a lifelong enterprise.
Overcoming the Coronavirus Impact on Novice Teachers Through E-Mentoring
Authors: Mede Enisa , Yücel Zeynep , Atay Derin
Published: January 2021

The aim of this chapter is to present the mentoring offered to novice teachers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) period. Four novice English teachers engaged in the distance education program of a private K-12 school in Istanbul, Turkey participated in the study. The data was collected qualitatively from teacher diaries and online discussions between the novices and their mentors. Specifically, the participating teachers wrote online diaries regarding the three types of reflection (e.g., reflection-in, reflection-on, and reflection-for). Then, they participated in online discussions with their mentor reflecting on their lessons and reframing decisions about their classroom practices. The findings of this study will provide further directions in identifying effective practices for novice teachers through online reflection and e-mentoring to support distance education in English classrooms.
Open Educational Practices and Resources in the Higher Education Learning Environment
Authors: Nobre Ana
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, the authors highlight the potential of open educational resources (OER) to increase access to knowledge and the challenges to adapt these resources with the participation of students. They analyze the emerging practices resulting from pedagogical innovation, with open educational resources, in the cycles of design, implementation, and evaluation in the curricular unit of a Master's course in Pedagogy of eLearning at Universidade Aberta de Portugal. The investigation is carried out through the methodological procedures of design-based research with two groups of students of higher education at a distance where they addressed the concepts related to OER and participated in the educational practices for integrating OER in online education. In the field of innovation scenarios in online education, the results demonstrate the need to carry out/think about training, with practical actions, so that students can know, adapt, produce, integrate OER in their activities and share resources, thus contributing to increase the availability of quality OER.
The Varied Dimensions of Interactivity Exploring Student Depth of Learning
Authors: Chadha Anita
Published: January 2021

The research here evaluates student interactions in an undergraduate American politics course at two institutions. Significant evidence reveals that student interactions lead to deeper reflective learning when correcting, clarifying, arguing, and disagreeing with each other. These findings add to the growing research on online spaces as well as providing educators with a stronger understanding in how to tailor their instructional strategies and tasks to better meet academically reflective outcomes.
Automated Detection and Removal of Cycles in a Concept Map
Authors: Acharya Anal , Ghosh Madhurima , Jha Saran
Published: January 2021

Over the years, concept maps have been used by several researchers to construct online learning systems. This is due to their flexibility in organizing knowledge. However, for effective use of concept maps in education, detection, and removal of cycles within them is necessary. Cycles in a concept map may result in ambiguity and confusion as one concept can lead back to itself. This study first gives brief details about concept maps and their applications in the field of education. A popular algorithm of graph theory depth-first search is then used for detection of cycles. If any cycles are found, they are removed from the graph in an iterative fashion until there are no more cycles in the graph. A Java program was written to simulate the proposed algorithm and found to yield desired results on sample graphs. Finally, the future uses of concept maps have been discussed.
Capability Demands of Digital Service Innovation
Authors: Coldwell-Neilson Jo , Cooper Trudi , Patterson Nick
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the demands that digital service innovation places on those stakeholders who use the digital service through three lenses: workers and workplace, digital literacy, and, finally, digital education. The chapter includes an overview of digital service innovation. The impact of digital services generally is explored from the perspective of the workforce and the future of work developing an argument for the need for ongoing upskilling in the digital space. The skills required in the age of digital disruption are explored, and a definition and general understanding of what digital literacy entails is presented. Finally, the opportunities for education in digital environments are explored through three vignettes which illustrate different opportunities for upskilling and retraining. The chapter highlights adaptations required in socio-political environments, education and training, and curricula to allow digital service innovations to achieve the expected benefits.
Ensuring Quality of Web Portals Through Accessibility Analysis
Authors: Dash Amar Ranjan , Patra Manas Ranjan
Published: January 2021

With the increase in number of electronic services being delivered through web portals, a lot of emphasis is being given to ensure the quality of web portals in terms of contents and associated design aspects. This has led to studies investigating various requirements of web users and to guidelines for quality enhancement in order to make web portals accessible to all irrespective of one's age, physical challenges, ethnicity, and level of literacy. In this chapter, the authors address the accessibility issues of web portals based on ongoing research. They analyze the accessibility in three levels (i.e., at the levels of authoring tool, web component, and user-agent). The contents of this chapter can throw light on the design aspects of web portals, web browsers, and media players to make them more suitable for users in general.
Design Solutions Guided by User Behavior
Authors: Elhussein Mariam Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Tagging systems design is often neglected despite the fact that most system designers agree on the importance of tagging. They are viewed as part of a larger system which receives most of the attention. There is no agreed method when it comes to either analyzing existing tagging systems or designing new ones. There is a need to establish a well-structured design process that can be followed to create tagging systems with a purpose. This chapter uses practical inquiry methodology to generate a general framework that can be applied to analyze tagging systems and proceeds to suggest a design process that can be followed to create new tagging systems. Existing user behavior while tagging is the main guide for the methodology.
Women in STEM Workplaces and Computer-Mediated Communication
Authors: Burleson Seterra D. , Tyler Whitney A. , Major Debra A. , Reynoldson Katelyn R.
Published: January 2021

As women have the potential to bring unique perspectives to the workplace, the under-representation of women in STEM occupations is a severe limitation to global advancement through research and innovation. Workplace utilization of computer-mediated communication (CMC) may impact common barriers faced by women in STEM, such as stereotypes, a “chilly” workplace climate, lack of social support and mentorship opportunities, and work-family conflict. As organizations shift further into the use of virtual communication, it is essential to take advantage of CMC as a way to facilitate gender equality in the workplace while simultaneously mitigating barriers workplace CMC may present for women in STEM. The potential implications of workplace virtual communication, virtual teams, e-mentoring, cyber incivility, and telecommuting for women in STEM careers are discussed.
Measuring the Digital Transformation of Education and Teaching
Authors: Glahn Christian
Published: January 2021

The digital transformation has reached higher education and many faculty members find teaching in the digital environment hard. A key question for educational institutions is whether the uptake of blended learning within their digitization strategies matches the pace of technological innovation. This chapter discusses a model for monitoring the progress of educational digitization that has been in use throughout four years at HTW Chur, Switzerland. The model connects technologies to practices rather than abstracting technologies from them. This helps identifying performance indicators in campus-wide information systems for understanding the diffusion of technology uses among the faculty, and it helps categorizing new technologies towards their organizational innovation potential. The combined use of these performance indicators with the model supports tailoring faculty development activities for digitization strategies that are based on the actual development needs within the institution.
The Cross-Cultural Analysis of Australia and Russia
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Veretekhina Svetlana , Gavrilova Olga , Ioffe Anastasiia , Markosyan Svetlana , Chernyshenko Serge V.
Published: January 2021

The chapter examines the comparison of the cross-cultural analysis of the green country, Australia (NSW), and the northern country, Russia (Republic of Karelia). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows how a small business from Russia, Green Roofs, overcomes barriers in Australia through the application of blockchain technology. The authors hope that examples of development and thoughts about the driving sources of these transformations, chosen by taking into account the interests of the development of the Russian digital economy, can be interesting and useful for Russian enterprises, small businesses that have begun their digital transformations.
The Knowledge Management Culture
Authors: Chedid Marcello , Teixeira Leonor
Published: January 2021

Knowledge management is defined by different authors as the process that enables the sharing, capture and application of knowledge from the individual to the group and further to organizational level. The organizational atomization observed in the academia imposes importance in paying attention to a culture that encourages knowledge management and also assigns equal importance to the cooperation and the work in team. However, due to the different levels of heterogeneity among and within these organizations there is not just one model that fits well. Through a literature review on the knowledge management in the academia, the purpose of this chapter is an exploratory study that identifies the main cultural challenges in the development and implementation of a knowledge management system in the academic context.
Workplace Social Support and Attitude toward Enterprise Resource Planning System
Authors: Chou Paul
Published: January 2021

To respond to competitive environment, many organizations have invested in enterprise resource planning system in order to improve workflow and increase the efficiency of shared services for the last two decades. Nevertheless, most organizations often fail to utilize and explore the new information system's functionalities to achieve their expected objectives as promised. This brutal fact reveals implicitly that there is an urgent need to improve the knowledge of understanding why and how employees accept and use new information systems. Particularly, in many cases, the reasons for the new information system's failure are neglecting social factors and a lack of change management. In view of such, the main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between workplace social support and employee's attitude toward enterprise resource planning system from the perspective of organizational change. Results from a sample of 334 respondents in Taiwan revealed that workplace social support not only influences employee's attitude towards enterprise resource planning system directly, but also exerts its influences indirectly via affective commitment to organization and affective commitment to change.
Challenges Facing Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries and Solution Approaches
Authors: Edoh Thierry O. C. , Pawar Pravin Amrut , Loko Laura Y.
Published: January 2021

This chapter describes a case study of the poor access to healthcare in the developing the countries with more focus on the rural areas and presents an adapted remote care delivery system approach for improving and increasing the access to healthcare services by overcoming certain cultural, social, financial, and linguistic barriers. The remote care delivery system integrates traditional practitioners because most people are more confident with the traditional medicine. The chapter presents the results of a practical on-site test of the proposed system. The test has shown the potentiality of the proposed system to improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare and increase the accessibility of healthcare systems. The chapter also discusses the obstacles for applying standard telemedicine systems and e-health solutions in the developing world.
Critical Thinking of Human Resources in the Goal
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: January 2021

Recently, changes within the business industry have led to human resource management (HRM) positions and structures being reconsidered. Human resources (HR) used to be centralized, but the constant changes to organizational culture has caused HR to become decentralized. The HR operations have been incorporated into other departments, as well. Now, HRM is essential to business processes that mirror other departments, such as accounting and finance, but HR is still centralized in specialized areas, such as recruitment and compensation. Examining Goldratt & Cox's “The Goal” reveals its involvement with HRM. This study evaluates the implication of HRM on a business, its relationship to the Theory of Constraints (TOC), and the ways in which these concepts can aid a business in reaching its main objective.
Organizational Change Management
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Ololube Dennis Ogutum
Published: January 2021

Change management is a continuous method used in transitioning individual employee, groups, and organizations to an anticipated future change. It focuses on the change management processes that addresses individual employee, groups and organizational factors that acts as catalyst for possible changes in organization. The purpose of change management is ultimately to make use of initiatives and ensure that every employee in an organization is willing and ready to switchover to an anticipated new role in the proposed business environment. This current study evaluated the relationship between leadership perception, attitudes and application towards organizational change. Using a structured questionnaire, principal officers, their deputies and faculty perceptions were analyzed and the results revealed that though change matrix are often painful and chaotic, however, significant relationship was found between employee perception, attitude, application and organizational change. The study recommends that Nigerian universities should be proactive in the implementation of changes to improve their employees' perception, attitude and application towards organizational change.
Organizational Change and Development
Authors: Hamlin Robert G.
Published: January 2021

This chapter first discusses the complexities of change in organizations and why so many OCD programs fail and makes the case for change agents to become evidence-based in their change agency practice. The author then offers a definition of evidence-based organizational change and development (EBOCD) and outlines the types of “best evidence” that can be used to inform and shape the formulation and implementation of OCD strategies and to critically evaluate the associated processes and change agency practices. Various distinctive evidence-based initiatives for OCD are discussed and several case examples from the United Kingdom are presented. The chapter closes with a discussion of the specific merits of “design science,” “professional partnership” research, and “replication” research.
Reconfigurable Antenna Systems for the Next Generation Devices Based on 4G/5G Standard
Authors: Donelli Massimo
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to showing the applications of innovative reconfigurable antenna systems suitable for the next generation 4G/5G devices. Microwave antenna technology can be very useful for next generation devices based on 4G/5G standards. Next generation tablets and smartphones based on 4G/5G standards will require high bandwidth and high velocity channels with respect to conventional devices. This work tries to present a complete overview of possible applications of advanced antenna technologies for 4G/5G devices and systems. Methodologies, such as phased and fully adaptive arrays, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on compact Rotman lenses or butler matrices, development of innovate reconfigurable antennas based on reconfigurable parasitic structures or new materials such as graphene, and unconventional modulation techniques have been investigated in this work. The work ends with some conclusions and considerations related to ideas for future works.
Antennas for IoT Application
Authors: Muneer Badar , Shaikh Faisal Karim , Zhu Qi
Published: January 2021

Under the umbrella of 5G there are many technology projects (e.g., internet of things, in-vehicle communication, smart cities, e-health systems, etc.). To understand the concept of IoT, the authors first understand the revolution of technological networks and later discuss what IoT is, the importance of antennas, and future vision.
Challenges in Energy-Efficient Communications as Enablers for Green Solutions on the 5G Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Uriarte-Ramírez Irma , Barboza-Tello Norma A. , Medina-Castro Paul
Published: January 2021

One of the most representative challenges of multi-tier heterogeneous network architectures is the interference management among different Radio Access Technologies. In this sense, in order to achieve the potential increase on network capacity forecasted for 5G, the issue of interference must be addressed. Intelligent energy management, as proposed in the growing area of Green Communications could serve as an appealing solution to the interference issue. However developing an optimal energy management plan requires the understanding of the characteristics of 5G cellular networks that could be exploited to improve energy and resources efficiency. In this work we present a study about challenges in energy-efficient communications and technologies as enablers for green solutions and how this challenges can be extended to meet those of the 5G heterogeneous networks, in order to identify possible solutions to address the energy efficiency and interference mitigation issues.
Enhancing Modeling for Network Selection Using Graph Theory in Beyond 4G Networks
Authors: Lahby Mohamed
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the development and the deployment of different generation systems such as 3G (UMTS, Wi-Fi), 4G (LTE, WIMAX), and 5G have become a reality for different telecommunication operators. At the same time, the development of new mobile devices with multiple interfaces have shifted the behavior of users concerning the utilization of the internet. Additionally, several streaming servers are available to provide real time applications such as e-commerce transactions, video streaming, online gaming, etc. As a result, the users have the privilege to use different multimedia applications at anytime and anywhere. The major trend in Beyond 4G networks is determining the best access network for the end user in terms of quality of service (QoS) during the network selection decision. Thus, in this article, the authors investigate graph theory and the AHP approach to deal with the network selection issue. The experimental results show that the proposed policy can achieve a significant performance in terms of QoS metrics for real-time streaming than conventional algorithms.
Caching Resource Sharing for Network Slicing in 5G Core Network
Authors: Jia Qingmin , Xie RenChao , Huang Tao , Liu Jiang , Liu Yunjie
Published: January 2021

Network slicing has been considered a promising technology in next generation mobile networks (5G), which can create virtual networks and provide customized service on demand. Most existing works on network slicing mainly focus on virtualization technology, and have not considered in-network caching well. However, in-network caching, as the one of the key technologies for information-centric networking (ICN), has been considered as a significant approach in 5G network to cope with the traffic explosion and network challenges. In this article, the authors jointly consider in-network caching combining with network slicing. They propose an efficient caching resource sharing scheme for network slicing in 5G core network, aiming at solving the problem of how to efficiently share the limited physical caching resource of Infrastructure Provider (InP) among multiple network slices. In addition, from the perspective of network slicing, the authors formulate caching resource sharing problem as a non-cooperative game, and propose an iteration algorithm based on caching resource updating to obtain the Nash Equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence performance, and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Slicing Challenges for Operators
Authors: Contreras Luis
Published: January 2021

The advent of 5G introduces the concept of network slicing which is meant to permit network service providers to overcome the great challenge of forthcoming 5G services: how to support and operate different kinds of services with very distinct needs onto the same infrastructure. Deploying altogether on the same network makes it quite difficult to define a common architecture capable of keeping the diverse requirements of all of them. The network slicing concept foresees a number of logically independent slices, each comprising different network nodes and service functions, which are interconnected and are involved in the delivery and the operation of a specific service. By instantiating network slices, the network will be able to provide completely different services in a dynamic way over the same infrastructure. This chapter overviews the challenges raised by the implementation of the network slicing concept and which will be faced by the network operators.
Future Networks
Authors: Perrot Nancy , Benhamiche Amal , Carlinet Yannick , Gourdin Eric
Published: January 2021

This chapter gives an insight into some challenging combinatorial optimization problems that have to be tackled to deliver efficient and appropriate decision algorithms to manage future networks. The first part of the chapter is dedicated to variants of routing optimization problems in future IP networks, and the second part is dedicated to two optimization problems related to network virtualization and 5G network slicing, the virtual network embedding problem and the service function chaining problem. Each of these optimization problems is described along with the main challenges to overcome, and a recent and extensive related state of the art is given, so as to highlight the most recent and promising approaches to solve them.
5G Networks
Authors: Islam Noman , Wahab Ainuddin Wahid Abdul
Published: January 2021

Mobile communication witnesses a new generation after every 10 years. Following the same trend, the roll out of next generation called 5G network is anticipated by 2020. In this chapter, a critical review of enabling technologies and research issues of 5G network is provided. The novelty of the chapter lies in providing a holistic view of 5G networks spanning discussions on technologies and issues across all the layers of protocol stack. Specifically, the chapter talks about the higher-level research issues of 5G network. The chapter is primarily structured as follows: It starts with a brief overview of various generations of mobile communication. Then, the problems with existing generation of mobile communication are presented, thus providing the motivation for a new generation of mobile network. A survey of different enabling technologies of 5G network is provided afterwards. After having brief discussions on key enablers, the chapter presents various research issues of 5G network. The chapter concludes with highlighting current challenges and future research issues.
Geometric Programming Based Resource Allocation for 5G High-Speed Mobile Networks
Authors: Xu Shaoyi , Fu Tianhang
Published: January 2021

The high-speed railway (HSR) is a typical application case in 5G systems. Mobile relay stations (MRSs) which are mounted in a high-speed train (HST) is popular system architecture for high-speed mobile communications. However, sharing spectrums between the macro cell and the MRS cell, interference exists in this hybrid system. In this chapter, we investigate the downlink of a multi-cellular decode and forward (DF) relayed orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system and formulate the problem to maximize the system sum rate of all cells subject to a total power constraint and a new proposed time delay constraint. An effective resource allocation scheme combined by greedy sub-carriers allocation and geometric programming (GP) based power allocation algorithm is proposed to optimize subcarrier allocation and power allocation. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed resource allocation scheme outperforms the other traditional approaches and the necessity of introducing the time delay constraint.
Tactile Internet and the Remote Surgeon
Authors: Majid Muhammad Imran , Aslam Tahniyat , Hashmi Ahmed Mujtaba , Subzwari Danyal , Siddiqui Babar
Published: January 2021

The delivery of healthcare in remote rural areas is a global phenomenon. Using digital governance, a discretized cluster of node relaying time-sensitive, and reliable data, life-critical health services can be ensured. Here tactile internet-based internet of things (IoT) and its variant internet of medical things (IoMT), as well as tactile internet, is introduced. Its relationship with 5G is explored. A model for e-health implementation using unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) in the backhaul is presented. The link is analyzed over fiber optics, satellite, and 5G network in terms of latency and reliability: the crucial metrics for robotic surgery. It is also shown that 5G implemented in Italy, Zimbabwe, and Cooks Island have supported mobile hospitals in rural regions. Hence, induction of 5G networks is a feasible approach. Finally, a critical review of expected future technologies including telematics is presented. Hence, tactile internet-based robotic surgery can reduce the digital divide.
Digital Transformation of Supply Chains With Mobile IoT
Authors: Ozdenizci Kose Busra
Published: January 2021

Today, mobile IoT (m-IoT) connectivity is one of the significant enablers of Supply Chain 4.0 with its capabilities of secure connectivity over large areas at low cost and with low device complexity. The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on the evolution of m-IoT paradigm within context of supply chain management. The potential of LTE, 4G, and future 5G technologies and the impact of m-IoT enabling technologies, LTE-M, and NB-IoT on digital transformation of SCM are investigated through commercial deployments; current status and future directions are discussed in terms of supply chain efficiency and supply chain visibility. Accordingly, this chapter first outlines the technical architecture and features of NB-IoT and LTE-M technologies and then explores how m-IoT connectivity is creating value for supply chains through commercial deployment examples. Exploration of m-IoT potential on supply chain operations will ensure new insights and opportunities for further advancement and evolution of IoT paradigm as a means of productivity.
Critical Success Factors to Create 5G Networks in the Smart Cities of India From the Security and Privacy Perspectives
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri
Published: January 2021

Development of cities brings in overall economic growth of the country. As a result, cities are taking new shape with modern facilities to ensure development. In this perspective, Government of India (GOI) has announced to create 100 Smart Cities across different locations in India. In these Smart Cities, modern infrastructure would be created with introduction of modern 5G network systems. This network system is expected to bring in considerable improvements in the Smart Cities if the security and privacy issues involved in this system can be addressed. This chapter has taken an attempt to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) instrumental to improve this network system within the acceptable level of security and privacy vulnerabilities in Smart Cities of India. To identify the CSFs, different standard methods including questionnaire-oriented survey, brainstorming have been adopted. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) methodology has been used to find out inter-relationships among the CSFs along with identification of driving forces.
Connecting One Belt One Road Countries via Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Chui Kwok Tai , Alhalabi Wadee , Liu Ryan Wen , Ordóñez de Pablos Patricia
Published: January 2021

The economy of China grows rapidly due to the advent of wireless networks. The networks provide connection between nodes (sensors, gateways, systems, people, etc.) for data transmission and communication seamlessly. This is a crucial element to achieve sustainable economics. It is worth mentioning that wireless communication is the optimal solution compared with wired communication given the fact that China has a huge land area and the largest population in the world. Traditional wireless technologies like 4G, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ISA 100.11a, and WirelessHART have been well addressed in literature. In this chapter, the focus is moved to 5G, LoRa, IEEE 802.11 af, ah, ax, and ay. Selected applications health monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, connected target coverage problem, and mobile crowd sensing are discussed in detail. Geographic routing, wireless charging, and wireless coexistence are challenging issues that need to be addressed in the near future.
Focussed Areas in the Extant Literature of Green HRM
Authors: Mittal Ella , Kaur Parvinder
Published: January 2021

Sustainability is the important issue for most of the organisation for reaping the benefit of triple bottom line and competitive advantage. Green human resource management is one of the ways to attain the sustainability which also helps in attracting and retaining the young talent towards the organisation. The purpose of the present research is to study the concept of Green HRM with various dimensions and to investigate the mostly researched domain related to Green HRM. The study discussed the key and major focus areas in the literature in the context of GHRM as per the author's view to accomplish the stated objectives. The results of the study showed the manufacturing domain has been focused by most of the studies due to the direct consumption of natural resources more in this sector. Further, originality or practicality of the research lies as this research would be helpful to the HR practitioners to focus only on key areas to implement the concept of GHRM well in their respective organizations to formulate the competitive strategy to add value to their respective organizations.
Standardizing Social Justice in Digital Health
Authors: Thinyane Mamello
Published: January 2021

The bivalent nature of technology and its potential for adverse impacts are giving impetus to global efforts to ensure that the outcomes of technology are consistent with societal values and desired futures. Instruments such as legislation, standards, and ethical frameworks are being employed towards this end. This research investigates the domain of digital health, specifically health informatics, and asks the questions: What values should inform technical solutions in this domain? How can data justice, the infusing of social justice imperatives in data systems, be standardized in this domain? The paper presents findings from a review of data justice in health informatics supported by findings from a survey that explored key considerations for health data collection, processing, use, sharing, and exchange. The paper then presents the operationalization of the human data interaction framework through a health informatics system architecture to illustrate how the principles of legibility, agency, and negotiability can be standardized, mainstreamed, and embedded in health informatics.
Consórcios públicos intermunicipais: caminho para descentralização e redução de desigualdades nas políticas públicas?
Authors: Marroni Carlos Henrique , Franzese Cibele , Panosso Alceu
Published: January 2021

Este texto questiona se os consórcios públicos intermunicipais de saúde contribuem para a descentralização e  edução de desigualdades nas políticas públicas, para tanto desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo e qualitativo sobre federalismo cooperativo (pacto), descentralização de políticas públicas e consórcios públicos,  sendo como objeto o consórcio intermunicipal de saúde da região da AMUSEP, associação dos municípios do setentrião paranaense, cuja cidade pólo é Maringá. Os resultados alcançados permite apontar que os consórcios públicos possuem características que contribuem para a solução em conjunto de problemas relativos à saúde pública dos entes federativos que são subscritores do protocolo de intenções, ato constitutivo do consórcio público, no caso da AMUSEP, 30 municípios. Contribuindo para a redução das desigualdades na oferta de serviços públicos de saúde, permitindo um ganho de escala aos municípios menores com o consorciamento. Tendo em vista, que os pequenos municípios por meio do consórcio público intermunicipal podem ofertar serviços de saúde especializados aos seus munícipes e que estes podem ser estendidos a outros serviços como: segurança, educação etc.
Analysis of Microstructure and Properties of High Strength Steel for Vehicle Axle
Authors: Xu Wei , Cai Jian , Xu Lian Wen , Yang Hai , Chen Quan Lei
Published: January 2021

The vehicle axle is the main bearing part of the vehicle transmission, which needs to carry large power and torque. The axle is processed with high-strength steel. In order to verify the material properties of the axle and confirm whether it meets the design requirements, the chemical composition, mechanical properties, microstructure and metal inclusions of the axle are analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of the material used in the axle meets the standard requirements, the parts with high hardness and tensile strength are tempered martensite, and the metal inclusions are mainly alumina inclusions, silicate inclusions and tin inclusions. Through the analysis of the performance of the axle, it is concluded that the axle material can meet the design requirements.
The Effect of MgO Stabilizer on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Zirconia Metering Nozzle Matrix
Authors: Yao Shuang , Zhao Liang , Xue Qun Hu , Liu Wei , Fu Xue Feng
Published: January 2021

The phase composition and microstructure of ZrO2 metering nozzle matrix doped with different content stabilizer were researched by XRD, SEM and EDS. Result showed that the content of cubic phase increased accompanied with monoclinic phase decreased after sintering, different content of stabilizer made phase transition not the same; After sintering in the solid solution formed by MgO and ZrO2, with closer location to the MgO particles, substitution degree was more obvious, but the diffusion and solid solution state of the stabilizer were far from uniform.
Effect of High Temperature Treatment in Ar Atmosphere on the Tensile Strength and Structure of SiC Fiber
Authors: Fan Jin Juan , Zhu Qiang Qiang , Qi Zhe , Ye Jin Fa
Published: January 2021

The properties and structure changes of SiC fiber in high temperature determine the service temperature of the reinforced ceramic matrix composites, so the properties of SiC fibers under high temperature are very important. The SiC-A and SiC-B fibers were treated at 1200, 1350 and 1600°C in Ar atmosphere. Then the tensile strength was measured, the microstructure and composition of the fibers were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and AES. The results show that the tensile strength of SiC-A and SiC-B decrease slowly at 1200 and 1350°C, but decrease rapidly at 1600°C.
Preparation of Fe-Cu-Based Friction Material and its Adoption in Automobile Mechanical Mechanism
Authors: Li Hao , He Bo
Published: January 2021

To prepare a kind of Fe-Cu-based friction material with good friction performance and wear resistance, and apply it to the brake structure of automobile machinery, the powder metallurgy method is used to prepare the friction materials in the standard with 4% Ni, 4% Mo and 2% Sn as the auxiliary material, SiC, Al2O3, and zircon sand as the basic friction material, 8% graphite and 3% MoS2 as the lubricating component. Meanwhile, 50% Fe and 20% Cu is used for the preparation of friction materials. The friction and wear resistance can be increased by increasing the carbon fiber content of 0-8% concentration of the material. The results show that the friction coefficient of the Fe-Cu-based friction material is relatively gentle after the addition of 2% carbon fiber, and the compactness peaks, reaching 93.3%. Its shear strength and impact strength peak, which are 37.42Mpa and 6.7J/cm2 respectively. 4% carbon fiber material with a hardness of 120.2 HV is the hardest one, followed by 2% carbon fiber material with a hardness of 118.1 HV. Added with 2% carbon fiber, the abrasion amount of the friction-based material is 0.0027 g at room temperature and-0.0008 g at 400°C after 60 minutes respectively. With all indicators considered, the result shows that the friction performance and wear resistance of Fe-Cu-based friction materials can be increased by adding 2% carbon fiber during the preparation of basic friction materials.