bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Practice of Immigration Health in Complex Emergency
Situations - A Case Study of Kosovo from March to July 1999
Authors: Gushulak Brian D. , MacPherson D. W. , Prochazka H. , Cooper M. M.
Published: June 2020

The need to rapidly transport refugees,
displaced as a result of evolving complex
humanitarian emergencies creates challenges
for those refugee-receiving nations
that require formaI immigration
medical screening of these populations.
Balancing the need to expediently resettle
the refugees with these legislative and
regulatory medical requirements can be
logistically and operationally difficult.
During the 1999 Kosovo crisis, the Humanitarian
Evacuation Programme
from the Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia rapidly moved large numbers
of Kosovar Albanian refugees to nations
with existing formal immigration
medical screening requirements. This
paper describes the successful management and delivery
of immigration health
services during this complicated international
event.
Restitution of Property and Religious Discrimination
in Eastern Europe
Authors: Riegger Maria
Published: June 2020

This work centers on the religious liberty
situation in Eastern Europe, including
countries such as Hungary and
Romania. The article discusses disputes
over property rights and titles since
the fall of communism, focusing on
how these have been closely interconnected
with the religious background
and history of diferent ethnic groups.
Security Issues and Refugees:
Dilemmas, Crises, and Debates
Authors: Pilch Frances T.
Published: June 2020

Complex emergencies involving refugees
often involve dilemmas concerning security
issues. Questions concerning the neutrality
and demilitarization of refugee camps,
the protection of aid and humanitarian
workers, and law enforcement within the
camps themselves continually arise.
These issues are exacerba ted when refugee
flows occur in highly unstable areas sometimes
characterized as "failed states."
While debate has been stimulated by reflections
on the Great Lakes crisis and has fostered
creative thinking about security
options, definitive plans for the support of
humanitarian operations has not yet materialized.
The burden placed upon UNHCR
to operate in problematical situations leads
inevitably to ad hoc policy arrangements,
which need to be replaced with concrete
operational contingency planning, possibly
involving standby forces dedicated to
the support of humanitarian operations.
Kosovar Resettlement Assistance Project in Greater Victoria
Authors: Okada Tomoko
Published: June 2020

This paper describes a practical service
model based on my field experience
and outlines the process of Kosovar
refugees' initial resettlement in Greater
Victoria. Although an individual's age,
social, educational, economic, and
health conditions are some factors to
influence refugee psycho-social adjustment,
the continuum of resettlement is
explained as dynamic, two-way, multifaceted,
and long term. Resettlement
does not end within one's lifetime, but it
is rather an inter-generational evolution.
This paper, however, only focuses
on the first initial resettlement stage,
which is critical to influence the whole
continuum of inter-generational adjustment.
Moments of Emergence: Organizing by and with Undocumented and Non-Citizen People in Canada after September 11
Authors: Wright Cynthia
Published: June 2020

Striking new campaigns across Europe, the United States, and Australia led by refugees, im/migrants, undocumented people, and allies challenge controls over the right to move freely across borders. Situating similar formations within Canada in transnational context, this article anatomizes the impact of September 11 on North American organizing. Drawing on the argument that the construction of September 11 as a national event was ideologically necessary for war abroad and criminalization of immigrants domestically, the article evaluates strategies for confronting state criminalization, detention, racialized citizenship, and “illegality.” It concludes that, far from utopian, “no-border” and “undocumented” movements are fundamentally politically necessary in the current dangerous conjuncture.
Introduction
Authors: Lowry Michelle , Nyers Peter
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Global Movements for Refugee
and Migrant Rights
A Foot in the Door: Access to Asylum in South Africa
Authors: Vigneswaran Darshan
Published: June 2020

Asylum seekers in South Africa experience extreme difficulties lodging their claims at the Department of Home Affairs. This paper utilizes new survey data to measure the extent of the Department’s failures to provide access to the status determination process. The principal finding is that South African officials often go out of their way to prevent asylum seekers from entering the system. This provides support for the argument the Department is beholden to an institutional culture of immigration protectionism. This assessment differs from conventional analyses of poor African performance of status determination which emphasize issues of corruption and institutional capacity.
The Use of COI in the Refugee Status Determination Process in the UK: Looking Back, Reaching Forward
Authors: Pettitt Jo , Townhead Laurel , Huber Stephanie
Published: June 2020

In the context of Refugee Status Determination (RSD), while the primary form of evidence is the testimony of the asylum applicant, objective evidence in the form of Country of Origin Information (COI) is recognized as an important— and potentially crucial—tool in decision making. A research project of the Research and Information Unit (RIU) of the Immigration Advisory Service (IAS) examines the use of COI in the RSD process in the UK from initial decision to fi nal appeal. Th e fi ndings highlight the high level of inconsistency in the understanding of and the application of COI in RSD in the UK. It will demonstrate the need for this issue to be urgently addressed in the interest of just and effective decision making in the UK, and help inform discussions at the European and international levels.
L’asile religieux, entre lecture libérale et républicaine : quels défis pour les sociétés démocratiques?
Authors: Patsias Caroline , Vaillancourt Louis
Published: June 2020

L’article réinscrit les analyses sur l’asile religieux au sein d’une réflexion sur la démocratie.L’asile religieux comme forme particulière de désobéissance civile ouvre à une interrogation sur la légitimité de celle-ci dans un contexte démocratique.Nous considérons d’abord les contradic­tions que soulève la désobéissance civile par rapport aux conceptions libérales et républicaines de l’obligation poli­tique dans les démocraties.Nous nous penchons ensuite sur l’asile religieux, pour enfin examiner la façon dont chacune des précédentes conceptions de la démocratie peut légitimer ou, au contraire, restreindre cette forme de déso­béissance civile.
Wither Sanctuary?
Authors: Lippert Randy
Published: June 2020

Features of all fifty sanctuary incidents occurring in Canada from 1983 to early 2009 are described and recent trends identified.The duration of sanctuary incidents has increased dramatically, the success rate has declined, and no new incidents have commenced in more than one and a half years.Sanctuary’s apparent decline in its “exposure” form as an effective resistance strategy is likely related to several factors, including less interest among mass media, the federal government’s adoption of a more authoritar­ian approach toward immigration and refugee policy, and the rise of support for a merit-based legal appeal for failed refugee claimants evident in sanctuary discourse.
What is Entailed in Offering Sanctuary? Findings from a Consultation held at Romeo House Toronto, November 2007
Authors: Creal Michael
Published: June 2020

What is Entailed in Offering Sanctuary? Findings from a Consultation held at Romeo House Toronto, November 2007
Refugees, Persons of Concern, and People on the Move: The Broadening Boundaries of UNHCR
Authors: Crisp Jeff
Published: June 2020

This article examines the way in which UNHCR has expanded its range of policy interests and operational activities since its establishment in 1951, focusing on the extension of the organization’s mission from refugees to groups such as asylum seekers, returnees, stateless popula­tions, internally displaced persons, and victims of natural disasters.The article identifies the different factors that have contributed to this expansionist process, examines its implications for UNHCR’s core mandate, and asks whether the process is an irreversible one.
Responses to Internal Displacement in Columbia: Guided by What Principles?
Authors: Fadnes Ellen , Horst Cindy
Published: June 2020

This article aims to explain the gap between IDP law and practice in Colombia. Colombia’s IDP legislation is con­sidered one of the world’s most advanced legal systems as it puts in practice the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.However, the reality of life for IDPs in Colombia does not match their legal rights. Especially the sections of the law related to preventing displacement and providing durable solutions for IDPs are poorly imple­mented. Following Ferguson’s work on depoliticization, we argue that displacement in Colombia is treated as a tech­nical rather than political problem, detaching it from root causes like landownership and structural class inequalities. This article provides an overview of the root causes and analyzes the different methods through which internal dis­placement is “depoliticized” in Colombia. In conclusion, we will discuss the wider implications of the Colombian case for understanding implementation challenges of the Guiding Principles.
Contesting the Shape of Political Space: An Investigation of the "Threat of Asylum" in Britain
Authors: Doyle Sarah
Published: June 2020

Defined in terms of a national security discourse, Britain’s asylum policy facilitates a disturbing dissociation of the asylum seeker from the identity of the refugee. The roots of this discourse can, this paper argues, be understood if the asylum seeker is seen as the site of a clash between two conceptualizations of political space—one that sees only the international state system, marked by the rights of sovereign states and exclusive political spaces, and one that sees a more complicated global political structure, marked by spaces of danger and of opportunity, in which human beings, as such, have a right to demand hospitality and inclusion from the state. Aiming to understand this clash, and the possibilities for moving beyond it, this paper analyzes British asylum policy through the lens of Michel Foucault’s account of sovereign biopower in Society Must Be Defended, read together with Giorgio Agamben’s work on the homo sacer and spaces of exception. These texts point towards the counter-narrative of the asylum seeker who refuses to disappear into discourses of national secur­ity, and who suggests a “rival structure” of political space. Understanding this clash requires uncovering the violence, discernible in British asylum policy, which sustains the international state system and in doing so, creates and marginalizes the asylum seeker. This paper draws out the deeply challenging and complex nature of the “problem of asylum,” working against the simplification that a national security discourse imposes on the issue.
Seeking Refuge in an Unrecognized State: Oromos in Somaliland
Authors: Lindley Anna
Published: June 2020

The self-declared state of Somaliland is much better known as a refugee producing territory than a refugee destination.Yet in recent years the territory has witnessed growing non-Somali immigration from the Oromo regions of Ethiopia.In the wake of marginalization and oppression in Ethiopia, these newcomers find a precarious refuge in Somaliland, demonstrating some of the challenges of in-region protection and integration in the Horn of Africa.
Moving Beyond English as a Requirement to"Fit In": Considering Refugee and Migrant Education in South Australia
Authors: Due Clemence , Riggs Damien
Published: June 2020

This paper presents findings from research conducted in two primary schools in South Australia with New Arrivals Programs (NAPs). The paper draws upon two forms of data: questionnaires administered to teachers and ethnographic observations of children at play in the schoolyard. These data are used to examine two aspects of education for refugees and other migrants: (1) the assumption that English language acquisition is central to the “integration” of refugees and other newly arrived migrants (and both that integration is of key importance and that the work of integration must primarily be undertaken by refugees and other migrants, not the broader community); and (2) the impact of power differentials between NAP and non- NAP students in the use of playground spaces. We argue that the education provided to refugee and newly arrived migrant students in NAPs needs to move beyond treating English language acquisition as a requirement to “fit in,” and we call for schools with high populations of refugee and migrant students to consider how spatial relations in their schools may be negatively impacting these student populations. Finally, the paper calls for an approach to education that is situated in global contexts of colonization and power relations, and in which the terms for inclusion of NAP students are mutually negotiated, rather than predetermined.
Creating Higher Burdens: Th e Presumption of State Protection in Democratic Countries.
Authors: Liew Jamie Chai Yun
Published: June 2020

The author examines the burden on refugee claimants at the Immigration and Refugee Board in Canada to provide evidence that their home state cannot protect them. In particular, the paper discusses the growing trend of adjudicators taking de facto judicial notice of the fact that a country is democratic to make the finding that there is state protection for claimants. The author argues that the practice of labelling countries as democratic and making state protection findings upon the finding is a biased and unhelpful practice when evaluating the issue of whether state protection exists. The paper discusses what “democracy” means and the problems associated with defining it. It will discuss how judicial notice of whether a state is democratic can affect an analysis of state protection in the example of claimants fleeing domestic abuse in Mexico.
“Education Changes the World”: The World University Service of Canada’s Student Refugee Program
Authors: Peterson Glen
Published: June 2020

This paper reflects on the origins and development of the Student Refugee Program of the World University Service of Canada (WUSC) and its significance as a “transformational” force in the lives of individuals and communities. The WUSC Student Refugee Program is a unique effort involving students, faculty and staff at universities and colleges across Canada who work together to mobilize material and human resources in order to enable student refugees to resettle and complete their post-secondary studies in Canada. The author, who has worked closely with the Student Refugee Program at the University of British Columbia since the mid-1990s, first describes the operation of the Student Refugee Program, and then considers its significance in relation to issues of resettlement, gender equality, “brain drain” and transnationalism.
Citizens of Nowhere: From Refugee Camp to Canadian Campus
Authors: Plasterer Robyn
Published: June 2020

Book Review
Editorial Essay: Iraqi Refugees, Beyond the Urban Refugee Paradigm
Authors: Chatelard Géraldine , Morris Tim
Published: June 2020

Displacement and exile have been recurrent and durable phenomena affecting Iraqi society for the last 90 years. The process of forming an Iraqi state from the ruins of the Ottoman empire, which Aristide Zolberg has analyzed as a prime factor generating refugee flows,has been ongoing since 1920. Unfinished endeavours to build a state and nation have been characterized by almost incessant antagonistic claims over the nature of the state and national identity, the exercise of and access to political power, control of natural resources and border sovereignty. Political repression, violent regime change, redefinition of national identity, demographic engineering, and domestic or international armed conflicts have resulted in eviction, deportation, denaturalization, political emigration, and flight from violence. A large part of displacement in Iraq has been internal. But vast numbers of refugees and exiles have also formed a regional and global diaspora extending from Iran, Jordan, Israel, Syria, all the way to such distant emigration countries as New Zealand.
Refugees from Inside the System: Iraqi Divorcees in Jordan
Authors: MacDougall Susan
Published: June 2020

Based on fieldwork with Iraqi women who married and then divorced Jordanian men and are now registered refugees in Jordan, this study explores the relationship between marriage and immigration laws and refugee status for Iraqis in the country. The legal systems effectively fence the divorced women in, with child custody laws preventing them from leaving and citizenship laws preventing them from securing long-term residency. Jordan’s citizenship and immigration laws collude with family law traditions that assume women’s dependence on their husbands to magnify divorced Iraqi women’s social exclusion. As Iraqi refugees extend their stays in the country, Jordan’s “guests” and their needs have become part of the domestic social landscape; structural refusal to acknowledge their presence contributes to their isolation and invisibility. This case suggests that citizenship laws that differentiate between men and women create gendered refugees as well as gendered citizens.
The Humanitarian Regime of Sovereignty: INGOs and Iraqi Migration to Syria
Authors: Hoffmann Sophia
Published: June 2020

This article considers the activities of international, humanitarian NGOs in Syria focused on Iraqi migrants. The analysis questions how these INGOs were positioned towards modern state sovereignty, and sovereignty’s particular constructions of territory, population, and government. Arguing that most INGOs operated firmly within the social relations stipulated by modern sovereignty, the article uses rich ethnographic data to demonstrate how INGO activities treated Iraqis according to sovereign exclusions and ideas about citizenship, even though Iraqi life in Syria visibly contradicted these ideas. Only smaller, amateur INGOs that stood outside of the professional humanitarian sector were found to work outside of sovereignty’s norms.
Attempting Return: Iraqis’ Remigration from Iraq
Authors: Iaria Vanessa
Published: June 2020

The voluntary repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons is interpreted as evidence of restored security and political stability, improved civil-state relations, and public confidence in reconstruction efforts in war-torn countries. The findings presented in this article indicate that Iraqi refugees’ decision to return is driven less by improvements in Iraq than by their desire to rebuild their lives back home and overcome the difficult legal and socio-economic conditions in neighbouring countries. The article explores Iraqi returnees’ experiences based on accounts of their return and subsequent remigration to Syria and Jordan. the micro- and macrotransformations occurring in post-Saddam Iraq have a strong bearing on refugees’ return and reintegration in their home communities. In the absence of permanent solutions to protracted displacement, the Iraqis engage in transnational mobility and livelihood strategies and participate in the socio-economic developments in home and host countries through the constant multidirectional flow of economic, social, and human capital.
Protecting Boat People: Reply to David Matas
Authors: Bissett James
Published: June 2020

Reply to David Matas
Channels of Protection: Communication, Technology, and Asylum in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Danielson Nora
Published: June 2020

Communication between service providers and refugees about services, legal processes, and rights helps shape refugees’ experience of asylum but has, in Cairo, Egypt, been a source of misunderstandings and conflict. Based on qualitative pilot research, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and potentials of information technologies old and new in facilitating access to asylum in this southern city. Interviews with refugee and service providers and review of previous technology-based initiatives show that although service providers tend to rely on oral information transfer, other channels—print, phone, text messaging, websites, social media—hold significant capacity for growth. Existing practices and initiatives in Cairo demonstrate the potential for technology-based projects to overcome the geographic barriers of the urban setting and the range of literacy and languages in Cairo’s refugee communities. However, service providers and refugees require further funding and institutional support if this potential is to be realized.
Just Kids? Peer Racism in a Predominantly White City
Authors: Baker James
Published: June 2020

This article examines the eff ects of racialized name-calling on a group of twelve visible minority refugee youth from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Through one-on-one in-depth interviews, the author discusses their experiences in order to better understand how this important group of  adolescents conceptualizes, constructs, and copes with racism while living in a highly homogeneous white Canadian city. The author concludes by noting that these experiences are having a negative effect on their social integration and that increased efforts by teachers and administrators are needed to help combat peer racism in this predominantly white city.
“Environmental Migration” as Advocacy: Is It Going to Work?
Authors: Mayer Benoît
Published: June 2020

Can normative arguments for a governance of environ- mental migration succeed? The present analysis applies constructivist theories on norm entrepreneurship to the debate on the governance of environmental migration. Throughout the analysis, it appears that “environmental migration” is not constructed by one single, coherent norm entrepreneur. Rather, one may distinguish four normative enterprises that compete to use similar notions in the pursuit of divergent goals. They frame the issue of “environmental migration,” alternatively, as one of humanitarian assistance, forced migration, environmental sustainability, or international security. The article analyzes the prospect of each individual normative enterprise and their interactions. It concludes that norm entrepreneurs elaborating on a language of international security will likely have the greatest impact on the governance of environmental migration. Other normative enterprises are already permeated by the dominant language of fears.
Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict between Global Conservation and Native Peoples
Authors: Massé Francis
Published: June 2020

Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict between Global Conservation and Native PeoplesMark DowieMITISBN: 9780262012614, pp. 376, 2009
Social Work and Environmentally Induced Displacement: A Commentary
Authors: Drolet Julie , Sampson Tiffany , Jebaraj Deborah Prashanthi , Richard Laura
Published: June 2020

Environmentally induced displacement is a growing concern across the globe. The human and social dimensions of affected displaced and migrating populations are of concern to the profession of social work, as many social workers are directly involved in working with vulnerable populations affected by environmental changes due to climate change, disasters, and environmental degradation. This new reality presents challenges in addressing social and economic inequalities and disparities, and this commentary argues for a need to build capacity among practitioners to consider the interconnections of social, economic, and environmental challenges in bridging practice and policy in ongoing legal discourses.
Adult Refugee Learners with Limited Literacy: Needs and Effective Responses
Authors: Benseman John
Published: June 2020

Adult refugees with limited education are a distinctive learner group with substantial and distinctive educational, social, and psychological needs. Working with these learners is a highly specialized activity, requiring high levels of educational skill and commitment. With a paucity of original research available about this group of learners, this study provides a systematic documentation of their distinctive needs as well as effective educational strategies for use with these learners. The study involved interviews with 36 adult refugees, two program coordinators, five course teachers, and six bilingual tutors from a community-based program in New Zealand. The challenge of working with these learners arises due not only to their experiences as refugees, but also as learners with minimal or no edu- cational experience. Their progress depends on a skilful development of “learning to learn,” acquiring basic lit- eracy skills, personal confidence and transfer of these skills to everyday life outside the classroom.
“What happens there ... follows us here”: Resettled but Still at Risk: Refugee Women and Girls in Australia
Authors: Bartolomei Linda , Eckert Rebecca , Pittaway Eileen
Published: June 2020

UNHCR’s Women at Risk Program is designed to identify and respond to refugee women at extreme risk in countries of asylum who are in desperate need of resettlement. Many women who have been resettled under this program have been raped or faced forced engagement in survival sex, forced marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth as a result of rape. Drawing on a decade of research undertaken by the authors across 18 international sites, this article explores the experience of refugee women at risk resettled to Australia. It discusses the impacts of sexual violence on their settlement, including those of shame and stigma. It identifies that, while for some women at risk, resettlement offers hoped for safety and protection, for others the abuses they faced prior to resettlement resurface and are compounded by new risks and violations of their rights. It introduces a risk assessment tool designed to assist service providers to identify and respond to these risks.
Home as a Critical Value: From Shelter to Home in Georgia
Authors: Brun Cathrine
Published: June 2020

Providing shelter and housing is a core area of humanitarian assistance for displaced populations. Georgia, a former Soviet republic in the South Caucasus, has experienced displacement since the early 1990s, and housing has proved to be politically contentious and a major concern during the 20-year displacement crisis. In Georgia, as elsewhere, homemaking takes place during displacement in dwellings that are temporary and not supposed to last. The article explores the conditions that enable such homemaking and discusses what Iris Marion Young terms “home as a critical value.” One trial project is used as an example: the building of 42 small houses, termed “block houses,” in Kutaisi, Western Georgia, by the Norwegian Refugee Council in 2002 and 2003. The article explores the relationships and homemaking practices in and around the houses that people have developed since that date. Relative to others, the project has been a positive example of how to enable home as a critical value. The article first defines house-as-home and introduces the case explored; it then discusses internal displacement and “durable housing solutions” in Georgia, before turning to explore how shelter, housing, home, and homemaking can be conceptualized in displacement . By engaging with Iris Marion Young’s “home as a critical value,” the article analyzes how people have adjusted to and adapted the block houses in Kutaisi to understand the relationship between the houses and the homemaking that takes place within and around them. The concluding section discusses how home as a critical value may help to show the importance of identity and social status for housing strategies in protracted displacement.
Microbuses and Mobile Homemaking in Exile: Sudanese Visiting Strategies in Cairo
Authors: Fábos Anita
Published: June 2020

Paying home visits to mark social events and maintain networks is an established cultural pattern in Arab countries. Northern Sudanese displaced in Cairo in the 1990s made significant efforts to continue visiting each other in their temporary homes, despite having to travel long distances to members of their widely scattered networks. The deterioration of the legal and political status of Sudanese living in Egypt during the 1990s contributed to longer-term uncertainty for those who sought safety and security in Cairo. In this article, I argue that this long-term uncertainty constitutes a protracted refugee situation, and that Sudanese visiting practices constituted a mobile homemaking strategy that actively contributed to the negotiation of a complex ethnic identity in their protracted exile. Ranging across space and connecting people through experiences and values of Sudanese “homeyness,” visiting during these fraught years connected individuals and networks into constellations that recreated familiar patterns of homemaking but also encouraged new meanings granted to homeland and belonging. Woven through the more familiar relationship between “home” and “away” were the policy positions about urban refugees taken by the Egyptian government, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, International Organization for Migration, and other humanitarian aid and resettlement agencies, which produced a state-centred view of “home” for Sudanese.
Private Sponsorship: Complementary or Conflicting Interests?
Authors: Labman Shauna
Published: June 2020

Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program commenced before the Indochinese refugee flow began, and it has continued for almost 40 years since it subsided. Although conceived of as a complementary partnership, private sponsorship plays out more as a tug-of-war between the conflicting interests of government and sponsors over selection control and numbers. While guided by additionality, sponsors have been confronted with administrative and regulatory changes that challenge them to do more with less, and the fear that overall Canadian resettlement will reduce if their efforts are not expanded. A federal election and change of government in October 2015 may have reset government-sponsor relations but highlights the vulnerability and interpretative malleability of the program. With the pillars of the Indochinese and now Syrian resettlement efforts bookending the analysis, the article provides a historical and contextual understanding of recent changes to private sponsorship and the tensions and conflicting interests in maintaining a voluntary program premised on the resettlement of additional refugees.
The Stories They Carried: Reflections of Vietnamese-Canadians 40 Years after That War
Authors: Koh Priscilla
Published: June 2020

This article explores the narratives of former refugees from Vietnam who resettled in Canada. Each of these stories highlights the profound dilemmas, motivations, and experiences of Vietnamese refugees. Collectively, they demonstrate the remarkable resilience of this community, and their determination to survive and remake themselves in Canada. The discussion illuminates the diversity and complexity of my respondents’ senses of belonging, homes, and homelands, and how such notions and ties are continually evolving. The research aims to contribute to the postwar/refugee discourse, and to move the field beyond the parameter of the war and exodus from Vietnam, in order to study Vietnamese in all their complexities—in a new locale.
Recognizing and Confronting State Subjectivity in Asylum Adjudications
Authors: Barry-Murphy Emily C. , Stephenson Jr. Max
Published: June 2020

United States law charges America’s asylum officers with providing humanitarian protection for refugees while simultaneously securing the nation from external threats. This mandate requires that asylum officers balance potentially conflicting claims as they seek to ensure just treatment of claimants. This article explores how officers charged with that responsibility can develop a regime-centred subjectivity that often conditions them to view applicants with fraud and security concerns foremost in mind. This analysis also examines the potential efficacy of practical strategies linked to aesthetic, cognitive, affective, and moral imagination that may allow officials to become more aware of their statecentred subjectivity and how it influences their perceptions of threats to national security and to fraud. This analysis encourages adjudication officers to strive for a more nuanced understanding of what constitutes fraud and national security concerns and what are instead presuppositions created by the United States population-protection agenda.
Invisible Lives and Hidden Realities of Undocumented Youth
Authors: Kamal Faria , Killian Kyle D.
Published: June 2020

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of undocumented youth and the mental health impacts of living in daily fear of detention and deportation. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the repercussions of living without immigration status, and the descriptive data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results indicate that lack of immigration status is associated with mental health issues, particularly anxiety. Absence of immigration status is implicated as a decisive social factor influencing individuals’ mental and social well-being.
Navigating Civil War through Youth Migration, Education, and Family Separation
Authors: Khan Adrian A. , Hyndman Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Why did youth move from their trans-Himalayan villages at very young ages to attend school with the risk of prolonged family separation? An in-depth study of youth from rural trans-Himalayan villages who travelled to Kathmandu, capital of Nepal, to live and study at a (free) boarding school, funded by both national and international donors, provides a starting point to address this question. The “People’s War” from 1996 to 2006 in Nepal contextualizes the study, given that the Maoist insurgency in the Himalayan hinterland aimed to recruit youth to the rebel cause. The study of youth from the trans-Himalayan region living at the boarding school as students was conducted between April and July 2014 in Kathmandu. The youth arrived at the school between the ages of four and ten years, and did not see their families for several years after their arrival, given the significant distances between their villages and the associated costs of travel. Drawing on scholarship in children’s geographies, the narratives of these youth are employed to underscore their agency in these biographies of migration and better understand these difficult separations during political uncertainty and civil war.
Belonging: The Social Dynamics of Fitting In as Experienced by Hmong Refugees in Germany and Texas, by Faith G. Nibbs
Authors: Culhane-Pera Kathleen A.
Published: June 2020

Belonging: The Social Dynamics of Fitting In as Experienced by Hmong Refugees in Germany and TexasFaith G. NibbsDurham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014
Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of Displacement, by A. Betts | Humanitarian Crises and Migration: Causes, Consequences and Responses, by S. F. Martin et al. | Crisis and Migration: Critical Perspectives, by A. Lindley
Authors: Milner James
Published: June 2020

Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of DisplacementAlexander BettsIthaca: Cornell University Press, 2013 Humanitarian Crises and Migration: Causes, Consequences and ResponsesEdited by Susan F. Martin, Sanjula Weerasinghe, and Abbie TaylorNew York: Routledge, 2014 Crisis and Migration: Critical PerspectivesEdited by Anna LindleyNew York: Routledge, 2014
Bureaucratic Birthdates: Chronometric Old Age as Resource and Liability in U.S. Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Seibel Kimberly
Published: June 2020

This article examines age in refugee resettlement by connecting it to the bureaucratic contexts in which refugees acquire and become categorized by birthdates found in their documents. Frequently used as an objective metric, chronometric age takes on new meaning in migration and determines access to work and welfare. This article traces the trajectory of age documents of refugees in a program for “seniors” (sixty and up) in Chicago, Illinois. Drawing upon anthropology and critical gerontology scholarship, I resituate chronometric age in the dynamic relationship between institutions and definitions of old age in the United States. My purpose is to call attention to the consequences of applying U.S. concepts of age to refugees with limited resources.
From the Land of Shadows: War, Revolution and the Making of the Cambodian Diaspora, by Khatharya Um | Southeast Asian Migration: People on the Move in Search of Work, Refuge and Belonging, ed. by Khatharya Um and Sofia Gaspar
Authors: Her Vincent K.
Published: June 2020

Review Essay:

 

From the Land of Shadows: War, Revolution and the Making of the Cambodian DiasporaBy Khatharya Um and Sofia Gaspar

New York: New York University Press, 2015, 329 pp.

 

Southeast Asian Migration: People on the Move in Search of Work, Refuge and Belonging

Edited by Khatharya Um and Sofia Gaspar

Chicago: Sussex Academic, 2016, 230 pp.
Migration by Boat: Discourses of Trauma, Exclusion and Survival, edited by Lynda Mannik
Authors: Dean Diana M.
Published: June 2020

Book Review:

 

Migration by Boat: Discourses of Trauma, Exclusion and SurvivalEdited by Lynda Mannik

New York: Berghahn Books, 2016, 290 pp.
Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism, by Keith David Watenpaugh
Authors: Chatty Dawn
Published: June 2020

Book review:

Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism

by Keith David Watenpaugh

Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2015, 272 pp.
Refugees and the Meaning of Home: Cypriot Narratives of Loss, Longing and Daily Life in London, by Helen Taylor
Authors: Chatzipanagiotidou Evropi
Published: June 2020

Book Review:

Refugees and the Meaning of Home: Cypriot Narratives of Loss, Longing and Daily Life in London

by Helen Taylor

Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan, 2015, 188 pp.
Power in the Global Refugee Regime: Understanding Expressions and Experiences of Power in Global and Local Contexts
Authors: Milner James , Wojnarowicz Krystyna
Published: June 2020

Since the late 1980s, scholars have highlighted the role of diverse conceptualizations of power in explaining the functioning of the global refugee regime. Part of this literature has examined the functioning of power in global contexts, while another part has explored expressions and experiences of power in local contexts. While these approaches illustrate how power may be expressed and experienced in the diverse contexts of the regime, can we conceptualize power in a way that engages with the functioning of the refugee regime in both global and local contexts? Can a more disaggregated understanding of power, sensitive to form and context of expression, open new areas of enquiry into the functioning of the regime and help explain its ability and inability to fulfill its core mandate of protection and solutions for refugees? In response, this article draws on the literature on power in global governance to propose a heuristic framework for understanding power and influence in the diverse context of the global refugee regime. It argues that various forms of power co-exist within the regime, and that further research could usefully examine the manifestations and implications of these forms of power through the making and implementation of global refugee policy.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM): Gaining Power in the Forced Migration Regime
Authors: Bradley Megan
Published: June 2020

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) remains understudied, despite its dramatic growth in recent decades, particularly in the humanitarian sphere. In this article I examine key factors driving IOM’s expansion, and implications for the forced migration regime. Despite lacking a formal protection mandate, IOM has thrived by acting as an entrepreneur, capitalizing on its malleability and reputation for efficiency, and carving out distinctive roles in activities including post-disaster camp management, data collection, and assistance for migrant workers in crises. I reflect on IOM’s efforts to accrue increased authority and power, and suggest that understanding IOM’s humanitarian engagements is now essential to understanding the organization itself and, increasingly, the forced migration regime.
MANAGEMENT OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING ETHNIC MINORITY CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS, PUBLIC EMPLOYEES IN THE CURRENT PERIOD
Authors: Nghĩa Hà Trọng
Published: June 2020

The training and retraining of ethnic minority cadres has always played an important role in building the contingent of the Party cadres.In the renovation period, the Party and the State have issued many guidelines, policies to focus on developing plan on training and retraining ethnic minority cadres, civil servants and public employees. As a result, the contingent of ethnic minority cadres, civil servants and public employees has been strengthened in both quantity and quality, gradually meeting the increasing requirements of reality. However, besides the achieved results, the management of training and retraining of contingent of ethnic minority cadres, civil servants and public employees still has limitations. The article analyzes the management situation of training and retraining of ethnic minority cadres, civil servants and public employees, since then, giving some limitations and causes of limitations that need further attention and research in the coming time.
THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND ETHNIC FACTORS ON THE SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW, TRA VINH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Diềm Nguyễn Thị Thu
Published: June 2020

This study has been conducted to identify the soft skill gaps between students and graduates as well as analyze the influence of gender and ethnicity to soft skills in TraVinh university. Quantitative data were collected at School of Economics and Law with a sample of 362 students and 300 graduates to measure their soft skills. The results show that both students and graduates are still unconfident about their soft skills in general, leading to an effect on the self-esteem aspects of students. Moreover, people also acknowledge the significance of soft skills, namely critical thinking, problem-solving, self-learning, work-management skills and teamwork as well as communication skills; generally need to be prioritizing equipped with for any kinds of workplaces. Nonetheless, the aforementioned skill gap is significantly remarkable, especially regarding the communication skills. Beside that, there is a significant difference in skills level by gender (male and female) and ethnic group (Kinh, Cham and Khmer). From these analyses, a number of solutions for the work recruitment, schools, graduateshave proposed to lessen the skill gap and meet the demand of labour-markets.
ESTABLISHING EARLY INTERVENTION AND INTEGRATED EDUCATION MODEL FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN PRESCHOOLS - SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Phượng Trương Thị Minh
Published: June 2020

Early intervention and inclusive education for children with disabilities in preschools is a model being implemented in Vietnam to implement the policy of inclusive education. However, this model is mainly implemented in big cities, so there are still many limitations and shortcomings. The paper addresses the current situation and solutions to develop early intervention and inclusive education models in preschools in Vietnam in order to solve existing problems and meet social needs to create opportunities for children with disabilities to learn and integrate in the community.
Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Kering Berbasis Susu Sapi, Kacang Hijau, dan Kedelai terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler
Authors: Kumalasari C. , Setiawan I. , Adriani L.
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik kering terhadap performa pertumbuhan meliputi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 6 Agustus hingga 6 September 2019 di kandang Test Farm, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan.  Perlakuan yang diberikan; P0: ransum basal, P1: ransum basal + probiotik kering A (susu sapi fermentasi 100%), P2: ransum basal + probiotik kering B (susu sapi fermentasi 75% + susu kacang hijau fermentasi 25%), P3: ransum basal + probiotik kering  C (susu sapi fermentasi 75% + susu kedelai fermentasi 25%), dan P4: ransum basal + probiotik kering D (susu sapi fermentasi 50% + susu kacang hijau fermentasi 25% + susu kedelai fermentasi 25%). Setiap perlakuan diberikan sebanyak 2% dari total ransum. Probiotik kering mengandung empat bakteri asam laktat diantaranya Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, dan Bifidobacterium bifidum. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan konsumsi ransum dan konversi ransum tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) namun adanya perbaikan, sedangkan pertambahan bobot badan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan, artinya penambahan probiotik kering mampu meningkatkan kecernaan dan efesiensi pencernaan. Kesimpulannya penggunaan probiotik kering mampu meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan.
Supplementation of Jengkol Peel on VFA Molar Proportion, Methane Production, and Hydrogen Balance in Vitro
Authors: Hidayah N. , Nurhaita Nurhaita , Zurina R.
Published: June 2020

This research was designed to study about effects of supplementation jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) peel powder on VFA molar proportion, production of methane, and hydrogen balance in vitro. The experiment used randomized block design with 4 treatments (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) and 4 replications. The research observed of VFA molar proportion, production of methane, and hydrogen balance. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan Multiple Range Test examined the differences among treatment means. The results showed that the supplementation of jengkol (A. jiringa) peel powder until 6% did not affect (P>0.05) VFA molar proportion but the treatment without supplementation of jengkol (A. jiringa) peel powder had the highest (P<0.05) methane and H2 production. It was concluded that the supplementation of jengkol (A. jiringa) peel powder until 6% decreased methane and hydrogen production but did not affect on VFA molar proportion.