bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When You’re Not from the Prairie: Place History in the Forest Fringe of Saskatchewan
Authors: Massie Merle
Published: December 2016

Dividing Canada into regions—for analysis and comparison, and to develop broad categories of inclusion—is a common tool used by Canadian historians. Regional definitions can become stagnant and isolationist, however, restricting broader inter- and intra-regional analysis. Regionalism can overemphasize the contrasts and ignore the connections between regions. This essay presents a case study of the community of Paddockwood, Saskatchewan. The Paddockwood area straddles the transition zone between the prairie south and the boreal north. Using place history and the environmental concepts of cultural edge and ecological edge, this essay argues that Paddockwood developed a hybrid identity that combines aspects of both prairie and forest. The essay also augments analysis on rural and agricultural life, suggesting that the concept of mixed farming, as practised during Paddockwood’s early development, was more than a simple mix of grain and livestock. It was a way of life built on occupational pluralism, tied to an informal rural economy, that relied on both on-farm and off-farm use of the local landscape.
SUPA, Selma, and Stevenson: The Politics of Solidarity in mid-1960s Toronto
Authors: Churchill David S.
Published: December 2016

The year 1965 represents a critical moment in the development and transformation of activist and student politics in the city of Toronto. This article explores the involvement of young Canadian activists with a variety of causes, such as support for African American Civil Rights, opposition to American imperialism, and the movement against the war in Vietnam. By matching their own political aspirations with those of their New Left counterparts in the United States, these activists participated in a larger transaction of radical thought, transformative strategies, protest tactics, and democratic alternatives. The adoption of this affective politics of solidarity was ultimately key to the emergence of more local, community-based activism, as well as the sharpening of an anti-imperialist critique within the emergent New Left in Canada.
Drawn to the Polls? Representations of Canadian Voters in Editorial Cartoons
Authors: Trimble Linda , Way Laura , Sampert Shannon
Published: December 2016

This study examines representations of Canadian voters in the editorial cartoons printed by Canada’s national newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post, during the 2004, 2006, and 2008 federal election campaigns. The authors argue that a consistent narrative is presented in the cartoons, a story of “citizens without democracy.” Despite widespread disinterest in elections amongst the Canadian public, evidenced by a steady decline in voter turnout, editorial cartoonists did not depict voting-age citizens as apathetic non-participants. Instead, the cartoonists situated voters as innocent bystanders to, or cynical observers of, the self-interested antics of political parties, news media, and pollsters. As such, these “editorials in pictures” blamed politicians and governments, not voters, for the failures of electoral democracy in Canada.
Parallel Provinces: Saskatchewan and Alberta
Authors: Smith David E.
Published: December 2016

The thesis that Canada’s original major political parties were also the principal entities that bound the federation together is a well-explored subject. Over the last four decades, the disappearance of any political party in Canada that can convincingly claim to perform that function arguably throws into doubt the utility of the thesis. In the present article, and focussing once again on the political evolution of Saskatchewan and Alberta, the author re-examines the case he earlier advanced for the pre-eminence of political parties as fundamental institutions for the maintenance of Canada’s unity. He argues that this analysis gave inadequate attention to the structures and practices of federalism, an oversight that has grown more evident in light of the strains that have accompanied recent developments in federal-provincial relations, in particular between the centre and the “twin” provinces created by Parliament in 1905.
Edward McCourt and the Prairie Myth
Authors: Hill Colin
Published: December 2016

This essay proposes a new critical approach to modern prairie fiction through a reading of Edward McCourt’s self-contradictory criticism and novels. The author re-evaluates McCourt’s literary significance and locates his book, The Canadian West in Fiction, at the beginning of a formative and enduring prairie-realist “school” of criticism with geographical, thematic, and regionalist emphases. This essay suggests that these same theses, ironically, are partly responsible for the neglect of McCourt’s own significant fiction, which resists them. These established and influential theses have disconnected prairie writing from larger modern movements and its rarely acknowledged international, psychological, and experimental aspects.
“Gringo Operations”: Nationalism and Capital in Canadian Educational Publishing, 1970-81
Authors: Clark Penney , Knights Wayne
Published: December 2016

In 1970, two prominent publishing firms, Ryerson Press and W.J. Gage, were sold to American interests. Since both firms had significant textbook sales and the educational market was crucial to the success of Canadian publishers, these events sparked a crisis in Canadian publishing. The decline in the economic success of Canadian educational publishing had been on the horizon for several years. The cancellation of Ontario’s Textbook Stimulation Grants and pedagogical changes leading to reduced reliance on textbooks were two key factors. Another was the burgeoning branch plant economy. The newly formed Independent Publishers’ Association persistently lobbied for government financial assistance and for limitations on foreign ownership. The piecemeal, sporadic, and uncertain nature of government response to the crisis was not helpful. By the end of the decade, a lot had happened, but little had changed. This study is situated at the intersection of the economics of educational publishing, the political milieux in which it is located, and nationalistic expectations for Canadian ownership, authorship, and content when it comes to textbooks. Implicit are the tensions between publishing in Canada as a cultural activity versus publishing as an industry.
Negotiating Narratives of Canada: Circuit of Communication Analysis of the Next Stop Freedom Exhibition
Authors: Ashley Susan L.T.
Published: December 2016

Museums and historic sites in Canada are public places of representation and social encounters where Canadians present, express, and confirm cultural identities and community belonging. Narratives of identity in these heritage institutions are under pressure to change to reflect Canadian society as it diversifies. This essay examines a particular case where African Canadians joined a collaborative process with the federal agency Parks Canada and the Ontario Black History Society to create one of Parks Canada’s first exhibitions on Black history, presented in 2002-2005. The research project studied the exhibit’s circuit of communication—the debates around the production of the historical narrative, the exhibition itself as a cultural text, and the varied reception of the exhibition by visitors. The study found complex negotiation of narratives of Canada behind the scenes, but a mainstreaming effect inherent within the exhibit design and a lack of new or transformative understandings by most viewers. The analysis suggests a lack of bridging between the processes of production and reception due to the limitations of the exhibit form itself.
The First Black Prairie Novel: Chief Buffalo Child Long Lance’s Autobiography and the Repression of Prairie Blackness
Authors: Vernon Karina
Published: December 2016

This essay situates Chief Buffalo Child’s Long Lance: The Autobiography of a Blackfoot Indian Chief (1928) within the cultural context of its production, the anti-Black racial climate of the Canadian Prairies in the early part of the twentieth century, in order to analyze the textual repression of its author’s Blackness. Although the Autobiography has been discredited as a fraud because, as Donald B. Smith discovered, Long Lance was not in fact Blackfoot as the Autobiography claims, but “mixed blood” from North Carolina, this essay reclaims it as the first novel penned on the Prairies by a Black author, for it tells a true— more metaphorical and allegorical than factual—story about the desire on the part of displaced “new” world Blacks for Indigenous status and belonging. This essay examines the implications of claiming the Autobiography as the first Black prairie novel and explores how reading it as fiction rather than autobiography extends our understandings of “passing,” racial identification and transformation.
On Thinking Like a State and Reading (about) Refugees
Authors: Dawson Carrie
Published: December 2016

Despite the growing use of biotechnologies, citizenship continues to be largely contingent on what Michel Foucault has called “a network of writing” designed to “capture and fix” the identity of its subject. This is perhaps particularly true for refugee claimants, whose applications to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada include a two-page personal, chronological narrative that explains all the reasons for their application. As part of its attempt to understand how refugees are read in Canada today, this essay considers the challenges presented by this form and the larger process of which it is a part. The essay then explores the innovative and promising ways in which a number of contemporary Canadian writers of fiction and poetry are responding to the state regulation of citizenship.
Canadian First Ministers’ Conferences and Heresthetic Strategies: Explaining Alberta’s Position on Multiculturalism at the 1971 Victoria Conference
Authors: Alcantara Christopher , Levine Renan , Walz James C.
Published: December 2016

The Province of Alberta seems an unlikely early advocate of multiculturalism; yet, several months before the federal government unveiled its official policy on this issue, it was an Alberta premier, Harry Strom, who demanded that multiculturalism be a condition for constitutional reform during the 1971 Victoria Constitutional Conference. What explains this puzzle? Using William Riker’s concept of heresthetics and the literature on Alberta politics, Western alienation, and Canadian federalism, the authors argue that Strom introduced multiculturalism at the conference as a strategic manoeuvre to bolster and defend Alberta’s compact perspective on federalism and to block any constitutional change that would prevent Alberta from recognizing itself as an equal and autonomous partner in the Canadian federation. The authors’ findings suggest that Riker’s concept of heresthetics may be useful for analyzing other instances of intergovernmental relations in Canada.
“I’se in Town, Honey”: Reading Aunt Jemima Advertising in Canadian Print Media, 1919 to 1962
Authors: Thompson Cheryl
Published: December 2016

Between 1919 and 1962, the Aunt Jemima advertising trademark made frequent appearances in Canadian print media. While scholars have documented how the image of the faithful, happy-to-please Black slave woman captivated the American cultural imagination, the advertising trademark has received much less scholarly attention in Canada. As Canadian culture modernized in the 1920s, withstood a Depression and the Second World War, and witnessed the birth of the suburbs, Aunt Jemima advertisements reflected the changing milieu. Using textual and visual analysis, this essay argues that English-language media, primarily the Toronto Daily Star and Chatelaine magazine, publications which had the highest circulations in early twentieth-century Canada, were significant outlets for White middle-class Canadians. The presence of Aunt Jemima, a prototypical “Mammy” plucked from the plantation South, thus stands as an example of how race, class, and gender were constructed in English-language media, and by extension, dominant Canadian society in the first half of the twentieth century.
Hiding in Plain Sight: A New Narrative for Canadian Literary History
Authors: Calder Alison
Published: December 2016

This essay imagines a new genealogy for Canadian Prairie writing, arguing that the development of a limited Prairie literary canon has led to two related critical perceptions: first, that early Prairie writing is of little value; and second, that there is little engagement with questions of colonial contact and intercultural relations between settler and Aboriginal cultures in early Prairie writing. While canonical Prairie texts generally depict the Prairie as agricultural space from which Aboriginal inhabitants have already been removed, lesser-known texts often engage with, and frequently re-enact the process of, that removal. Both kinds of texts depict the Prairie as White space, but the canonical ones present that construction as a fait accompli, whereas the lesser-known ones repeatedly depict its processes. This essay provides short readings of three lesser-known novels published before 1950 to show authors engaging in regional and national conversations about the future of the nation in ways that expand our understanding of the political work done by these novels and by the current Prairie canon itself.
“The Changing of the Guards”?
Authors: Frieman Catherine. J. , Wilkin Neil
Published: December 2016

Over the past 30 years, Britain’s large archaeological museums and collections have shifted their focus away from academic visitors exploring their stores and collections and toward the dynamic presentation of permanent and temporary displays. These are arranged to emphasize compelling and relevant interpretative narratives over the presentation of large numbers of objects. The shift to digitization and the online presentation of collections is a major feature of public engagement activities at many museums but also might open older and less accessible collections up to research. In this article, we consider what role digital platforms may have in the future of British museum-based archaeology, with special reference to initiatives at the British Museum. We suggest that online collections have the potential to mediate between engaging the public and allowing professional archaeologists to develop sophisticated research programs, since these platforms can present multiple narratives aimed at different audiences.
Repatriation as Inspiration
Authors: Beisaw April M. , Duus Penelope H.
Published: December 2016

At the turn of the twentieth century, American museums helped to legitimize archaeology as a scientific discipline. By the next century, repatriation legislation had forced archaeologists to confront the dehumanization that can take place when bodies and sacred objects are treated as scientific specimens. Charting the future(s) of archaeology-museum relationships requires us to (1) recognize where, when, and how harm has been done, (2) confront those harmful precedents, and (3) restructure collections and exhibits in ways that heal wounds and advance research. Current research on the 1916 Susquehanna River Expedition, an archaeology-museum project funded by George Gustav Heye, provides insight into how our predecessors viewed their work. Using the expedition project as backdrop, an archaeology professor and an undergraduate student engage in a dialogue that explores the changing roles of American museums as the public faces of archaeology, training grounds for young professionals, and cultural centers for us all.
Curation as Public Scholarship
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A.
Published: December 2016

Museum archaeology offers opportunities to practice artifact storytelling, engaging visitors on the strength of objects that have been conserved and curated. Public appreciation of science and history is bolstered when museums exhibit objects of singular historic significance in a manner that allows visitors to build an experiential understanding of the objects’ provenance. Archaeologists and conservators began reassembling the 330-year-old French ship La Belle as a live-action exhibition on 25 October 2014 in the Bullock Texas State History Museum. The collaboration broke new ground by inviting visitors, in person and via streaming online video, to watch the experts rebuild the ship in full public view. Until, and after, the reconstructed ship hull was moved into its permanent first-floor gallery location on 21 May 2015, the exhibition brought archaeologists and international museum visitors into the same room to learn. The article interprets these events toward reimagining museum object curation as public scholarship.
On Automorphism Groups of Some Particular Groups
Authors: Hossain Mohd Altab , Majumdar Subrata
Published: December 2016

The cyclic groups, the additive group Q of rational numbers and the additive group R of real numbers are sometimes very useful elements in many studies. In this paper, the authors concentrated their intuition in determining the structures of the automorphism groups of these useful groups in the light of previous works.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 109-115, 2016
Enhanced Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide at Hydroxyl Ion-Modified Gold Electrode in Alkaline Media
Authors: Miah Md Rezwan , Sen Debashis , Saha Ramkrishna , Hasnat Mohammad Abul
Published: December 2016

Chemisorption of hydroxyl ion (OH-) from aqueous solution of KOH at the polycrystalline gold (Au (poly)) electrode under stirring condition was studied. A pre-wave at ca. 0.19 V was observed due to partial discharging of the chemisorbed OH-. The linear plot of the pre-wave current vs. scan rate passed through the origin suggesting that it was associated with a surface confined process. An extraordinary enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (HO - 2 ) at the in situ fabricated OH--modified Au (poly) (OH-ôAu (poly)) electrode was achieved. A mechanism of the observed catalytic activity was proposed on the basis of electrostatic attraction between the chemisorbed OH- and partial positively charged hydrogen (Hd+) of HO - 2 molecules.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 125-135, 2016
Impact of Annealing Time on the Formation of Nanocrystal in Amorphous FE75.5SI13.5CU1NB1B9 Alloy and their Ultra-Soft Magnetic Properties
Authors: Saha Samir Kumar , Maria Kazi Hanium , Hossain Enayet , Bhuiyan Mahabub Alam , Saha DK , Choudhury Shamima
Published: December 2016

To observe the impact of the annealing time on the alloy structure and ultra-soft magnetic properties of Fe75.5Si13.5Cu1Nb1B9, the alloy was annealed in a controlled way in the temperature range 475 - 600°C for different annealing time from 5 to 30 min. Amorphosity of the ribbon and nanocrystalline state was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Grain size and Si content increase with increasing annealing temperature and time; on the other hand lattice parameter decrease with increasing annealing temperature and time. The maximum permeability was observed at annealing temperature Ta = 525°C for 15 min, and thereafter it starts to decreases. Saturation magnetization increases with annealing temperature Ta for the samples and finally decreases during annealing at a temperature much higher than peak crystallization temperature. The results of the experimental observations are explained on the basis of existing theories of nanocrystalline amorphous metallic ribbons.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 137-145, 2016
Effect of Doping Concentration on the Optical Properties of Indium-Doped Gallium Arsenide Thin FILMS
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Das Chitra , Sharmin Mehnaz , Hussain Kazi Md Amzad , Choudhury Shamima
Published: December 2016

Effects of indium doping (concentration 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) on the optical properties of GaAs thin films were studied. Thin films of 600 nm were grown onto chemically and ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate by thermal evaporation method in high vacuum (~10-4 Pa) at 50°C fixed substrate temperature. The samples were annealed for 15 minutes at a fixed temperature of 200°C. The thicknesses of films were being measured in situ by a quartz crystal thickness monitor during deposition. The transmittance and reflectance data were found using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the photon wavelength range of 310 ~ 2500 nm. These data were utilized to compute the absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction co-efficient and band gap energy of the studied films. Here transmittance was found 78 for 0.2% indium doping concentration. The band gap energy decreased with the increase of doping concentration.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 179-186, 2016
Growth Analysis of Chickpea var. Bari Chola-7 Following Application of TIBA (2, 3, 5- Triiodobenzoic Acid)
Authors: Islam Saiful , Jahan Nargis
Published: December 2016

An investigation was made to see the effect of different concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm) of 2, 3, 5- triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of a cultivar of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown during rabi season of 2015 - 2016. Results revealed that LAI and LAD showed a positive response from flowering stage to maturity (66 - 110 DAS) due to 30 ppm TIBA application with maximum LAI and LAD occurring at the flowering stage. At 66 - 83 and 83 - 97 DAS, CGR was highest with the application of 30 ppm TIBA, while RGR was highest due to 10 ppm TIBA. Peak CGR was recorded at the time of pod setting to pod filling stage (8 - 97) and increased over control by 29.64%. Irrespective of the treatments, NAR was recorded maximum during flowering stage to pod setting (66 - 83 DAS) and thereafter decreased till maturity. At 66 - 83 and 83 - 97 DAS, maximum NAR values were recorded due to 30 ppm TIBA and the increases were 9.09 and 32.69% higher over the control, respectively.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 199-205, 2016
Identification and Evaluation of Composition in Food Powder Using Point-Scan Raman Spectral Imaging
Authors: Dhakal Sagar , Chao Kuanglin , Qin Jianwei , Kim Moon , Peng Yankun , Chan Diane
Published: December 2016

This study used Raman spectral imaging coupled with self-modeling mixture analysis (SMA) for identification of three components mixed into a complex food powder mixture. Vanillin, melamine, and sugar were mixed together at 10 different concentration level (1% to 10%, w/w) into powdered non-dairy creamer. SMA was used to decompose the complex multi-component spectra and extract the pure component spectra and corresponding contribution images. Spectral information divergence (SID) values of the extracted pure component spectra and reference component spectra were computed to identify the components corresponding to the extracted spectra. The contribution images obtained via SMA were used to create Raman chemical images of the mixtures samples, to which threshold values were applied to obtain binary detection images of the components at all concentration levels. The detected numbers of pixels of each component in the binary images was found to be strongly correlated with the actual sample concentrations (correlation coefficient of 0.99 for all components). The results show that this method can be used for simultaneous identification of different components and estimation of their concentrations for authentication or quantitative inspection purposes.
Automated Cart with VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Reflectance and Fluorescence Imaging Capabilities
Authors: Lefcourt Alan , Kistler Ross , Gadsden S. , Kim Moon
Published: December 2016

A system to take high-resolution Visible/Near Infra-Red (VIS/NIR) hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence images in outdoor fields using ambient lighting or a pulsed laser (355 nm), respectively, for illumination purposes was designed, built, and tested. Components of the system include a semi-autonomous cart, a gated-intensified camera, a spectral adapter, a frequency-triple Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) laser, and optics to convert the Gaussian laser beam into a line-illumination source. The front wheels of the cart are independently powered by stepper motors that support stepping or continuous motion. When stepping, a spreadsheet is used to program parameters of image sets to be acquired at each step. For example, the spreadsheet can be used to set delays before the start of image acquisitions, acquisition times, and laser attenuation. One possible use of this functionality would be to establish acquisition parameters to facilitate the measurement of fluorescence decay-curve characteristics. The laser and camera are mounted on an aluminum plate that allows the optics to be calibrated in a laboratory setting and then moved to the cart. The system was validated by acquiring images of fluorescence responses of spinach leaves and dairy manure.
Design and Optimization of a Lorentz-Force-Driven Planar Motor
Authors: Zhang He , Kou Baoquan
Published: December 2016

This paper describes a short-stroke Lorentz-force-driven planar motor which can realize three-degree-of-freedom motions in high-precision positioning systems. It is an extended version of our previous publication. Based on the analytical model, the force expression concerning the main dimensional parameters is derived. Compared with the finite element simulation, the optimization method in this paper is completely based on the mathematical model, which saves considerable time and has clear physical meaning. The effect of the main parameters on the motor performances such as force, force density, and acceleration are analyzed. This information can provide important design references for researchers. Finally, one prototype is tested. The testing values for the resistance and inductance of the square coil agree well with the analytical values. Additionally, the measured forces show a good agreement with the analytical force expression, and the force characteristics show a good symmetry in the x and y directions.
Decentralized Integral-Based Event-Triggered Stabilization for Linear Plant with Actuator Saturation and Output Feedback
Authors: Zhang Hongguang , Yu Hao , Hao Fei
Published: December 2016

This paper studies the integral-based event-triggered asymptotic stabilization for a continuous-time linear plant. Both actuator saturation and observer-based output feedback are considered. The sensors and actuators are implemented in a decentralized manner and a type of Zeno-free decentralized integral-based event condition is designed to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop systems. The positive lower bound of inter-event times is guaranteed by enforcing the event conditions not to be triggered until some fixed intervals. A linear optimization problem is introduced to find the largest stability region. Moreover, the co-design of the parameters in event conditions and the controller gain matrices is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and the feasibility of the proposed results.
Impedance-Based Non-Destructive Testing Method Combined with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures
Authors: Na Wongi , Baek Jongdae
Published: December 2016

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are a rising topic in remote sensing technologies for structural health monitoring. With technology advancement in cameras, the visual inspection method using drones is gaining much attention in the field of civil engineering. However, although visual inspection methods are feasible for finding cracks in structures, the limitations of image processing for finding internal damage or small defects cannot be ignored. To overcome this problem, a possible application concept of UAV, combined with a vibration-based non-destructive health monitoring method, is proposed. The idea is for the drone to temporarily attach the piezoelectric transducer onto a specific region where excitation and data acquisition occurs simultaneously. This eliminates the need for a structure to be covered with hundreds of sensors for monitoring, as this concept uses a single piezoelectric transducer for monitoring a structure. The proposed work offers new areas of research by converging UAV with a vibration-based method, as associated problems are required to be solved.
The Effect of Distributed Parameters on Conducted EMI from DC-Fed Motor Drive Systems in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhai Li , Lin Liwen , Zhang Xinyu , Song Chao
Published: December 2016

The large dv/dt and di/dt outputs of power devices in DC-fed motor drive systems in electric vehicles (EVs) always introduce conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions and may lead to motor drive system energy transmission losses. The effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI from the DC-fed high voltage motor drive systems in EVs is studied. A complete test for conducted EMI from the direct current fed(DC-fed) alternating current (AC) motor drive system in an electric vehicle (EV) under load conditions is set up to measure the conducted EMI of high voltage DC cables and the EMI noise peaks due to resonances in a frequency range of 150 kHz–108 MHz. The distributed parameters of the motor can induce bearing currents under low frequency sine wave operation. However the impedance of the distributed parameters of the motor is very high at resonance frequencies of 500 kHz and 30 MHz, and the effect of the bearing current can be ignored, so the research mainly focuses on the distributed parameters in inverters and cables at 500 kHz and 30 MHz, not the effect of distributed parameters of the motor on resonances. The corresponding equivalent circuits for differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) EMI at resonance frequencies of 500 kHz and 30 MHz are established to determine the EMI propagation paths and analyze the effect of distributed parameters on conducted EMI. The dominant distributed parameters of elements responsible for the appearing resonances at 500 kHz and 30 MHz are determined. The effect of the dominant distributed parameters on conducted EMI are presented and verified by simulation and experiment. The conduced voltage at frequencies from 150 kHz to 108 MHz can be mitigated to below the limit level-3 of CISPR25 by changing the dominant distributed parameters.
Torque Distribution Characteristics of a Novel Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Generator Integrated with a Magnetic Gear
Authors: Salihu Mustafa Shehu , Misron Norhisam , Mariun Norman , Othman Mohammad , Hanamoto Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a novel double-stator permanent-magnet machine integrated with a triple rotor magnetic gear structure, which is proposed to address problems of mechanical geared generators for low-speed applications. Torque transmission is based on three rotors consisting of prime permanent-magnet (PM) poles in the middle rotor and field PM poles in the inner and outer rotors. The proposed machine combines the functions of magnetic gearing and electrical power generation. The operating principles of the magnetic gear and generator are discussed and the torque distribution characteristics of the integrated machine are analysed using the 2D finite-element method (2D FEM). Also the power, torque, and speed characteristics are reported. A prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally. The predicted and measured results validate the proposed machine design.
Deep Neural Network Based Demand Side Short Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Ryu Seunghyoung , Noh Jaekoo , Kim Hongseok
Published: December 2016

In the smart grid, one of the most important research areas is load forecasting; it spans from traditional time series analyses to recent machine learning approaches and mostly focuses on forecasting aggregated electricity consumption. However, the importance of demand side energy management, including individual load forecasting, is becoming critical. In this paper, we propose deep neural network (DNN)-based load forecasting models and apply them to a demand side empirical load database. DNNs are trained in two different ways: a pre-training restricted Boltzmann machine and using the rectified linear unit without pre-training. DNN forecasting models are trained by individual customer’s electricity consumption data and regional meteorological elements. To verify the performance of DNNs, forecasting results are compared with a shallow neural network (SNN), a double seasonal Holt–Winters (DSHW) model and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) are used for verification. Our results show that DNNs exhibit accurate and robust predictions compared to other forecasting models, e.g., MAPE and RRMSE are reduced by up to 17% and 22% compared to SNN and 9% and 29% compared to DSHW.
Performance Study on a Single-Screw Expander for a Small-Scale Pressure Recovery System
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Wu Yuting , Zhang Yeqiang , Zhi Ruiping , Wang Jingfu , Ma Chongfang
Published: December 2016

A single-screw expander with 195 mm diameter is developed to recover pressure energy in letdown stations. An experiment system is established using compressed air as a working fluid instead of natural gas. Experiments are conducted via measurements for important parameters, such as inlet and outlet temperature and pressure, volume flow rate and power output. The influence of inlet pressure and rotational speed on the performance are also analyzed. Results indicate that the single-screw expander achieved good output characteristics, in which 2800 rpm is considered the best working speed. The maximum volumetric efficiency, isentropic efficiency, overall efficiency, and the lowest air-consumption are 51.1 kW, 83.5%, 66.4%, 62.2%, and 44.1 kg/(kW·h), respectively. If a single-screw expander is adopted in a pressure energy recovery system applied in a certain domestic natural gas letdown station, the isentropic efficiency of the single-screw expander and overall efficiency of the system are found to be 66.4% and 62.2%, respectively. Then the system performances are predicted, in which the lowest methane consumption is 27.3 kg/(kW·h). The installed capacity is estimated as 204.7 kW, and the annual power generation is 43.3 MWh. In the next stage, a pressure energy recovery demonstration project that recycles natural gas will be established within China, with the single-screw expander serving as the power machine.
Correlation Feature Selection and Mutual Information Theory Based Quantitative Research on Meteorological Impact Factors of Module Temperature for Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Sun Yujing , Wang Fei , Wang Bo , Chen Qifang , Engerer N.A. , Mi Zengqiang
Published: December 2016

The module temperature is the most important parameter influencing the output power of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, aside from solar irradiance. In this paper, we focus on the interdisciplinary research that combines the correlation analysis, mutual information (MI) and heat transfer theory, which aims to figure out the correlative relations between different meteorological impact factors (MIFs) and PV module temperature from both quality and quantitative aspects. The identification and confirmation of primary MIFs of PV module temperature are investigated as the first step of this research from the perspective of physical meaning and mathematical analysis about electrical performance and thermal characteristic of PV modules based on PV effect and heat transfer theory. Furthermore, the quantitative description of the MIFs influence on PV module temperature is mathematically formulated as several indexes using correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and MI theory to explore the specific impact degrees under four different typical weather statuses named general weather classes (GWCs). Case studies for the proposed methods were conducted using actual measurement data of a 500 kW grid-connected solar PV plant in China. The results not only verified the knowledge about the main MIFs of PV module temperatures, more importantly, but also provide the specific ratio of quantitative impact degrees of these three MIFs respectively through CFS and MI based measures under four different GWCs.
Adaptive Variation and Introgression of a CONSTANS-Like Gene in North American Red Oaks
Authors: Lind-Riehl Jennifer , Gailing Oliver
Published: December 2016

Oaks provide a model system to study maintenance of species identity by divergent selection since they maintain morphological differences and ecological adaptations despite interspecific hybridization. The genome of closely related interfertile oak species was shown to be largely homogeneous, with a few genomic areas exhibiting high interspecific differentiation possibly as result of strong divergent selection. Previously, a genic microsatellite was identified as under strong divergent selection, being nearly fixed on alternative alleles in the two interfertile North American red oak species: Quercus rubra L. and Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill. Further genotyping in two other red oak species—Quercus velutina Lam. and Quercus coccinea Münchh.—revealed a similar bias for the Q. ellipsoidalis-specific allele. To further elucidate the basis of this differentiation, we sequenced the microsatellite in individuals from all four red oak species. Sequence variability was observed in the microsatellite motif which encodes a poly-Q repeat in a COL gene involved in phenology and growth. Furthermore, in neighboring (parapatric) Q. rubra/Q. ellipsoidalis populations, introgression of the Q. ellipsoidalis-specific allele into Q. rubra occurred at a lower rate than introgression of the Q. rubra-specific allele into Q. ellipsoidalis despite symmetric interspecific gene flow, indicating potential adaptive introgression. Introgression of adaptive alleles can be an important mechanism for rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions (e.g., climate change).
Governing Cambodia’s Forests: The International Politics of Policy Reform. Written by Andrew Cock, NIAS Press, 2016; 322 Pages. Price: Hardback $80; £50, ISBN 978-87-7694-166-6; Paperback $32; £19.99, ISBN 978-87-7694-167-3
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: December 2016

The widespread destruction of Cambodia’s forests in recent decades saw the loss of the last major area of pristine tropical forest in Southeast Asia.[...]
Regulation and Function of Cdt1; A Key Factor in Cell Proliferation and Genome Stability
Authors: Pozo Pedro , Cook Jeanette
Published: December 2016

Successful cell proliferation requires efficient and precise genome duplication followed by accurate chromosome segregation. The Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 protein (Cdt1) is required for the first step in DNA replication, and in human cells Cdt1 is also required during mitosis. Tight cell cycle controls over Cdt1 abundance and activity are critical to normal development and genome stability. We review here recent advances in elucidating Cdt1 molecular functions in both origin licensing and kinetochore–microtubule attachment, and we describe the current understanding of human Cdt1 regulation.
Mechanisms Governing DDK Regulation of the Initiation of DNA Replication
Authors: Larasati  , Duncker Bernard
Published: December 2016

The budding yeast Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) complex—comprised of cell division cycle (Cdc7) kinase and its regulatory subunit dumbbell former 4 (Dbf4)—is required to trigger the initiation of DNA replication through the phosphorylation of multiple minichromosome maintenance complex subunits 2-7 (Mcm2-7). DDK is also a target of the radiation sensitive 53 (Rad53) checkpoint kinase in response to replication stress. Numerous investigations have determined mechanistic details, including the regions of Mcm2, Mcm4, and Mcm6 phosphorylated by DDK, and a number of DDK docking sites. Similarly, the way in which the Rad53 forkhead-associated 1 (FHA1) domain binds to DDK—involving both canonical and non-canonical interactions—has been elucidated. Recent work has revealed mutual promotion of DDK and synthetic lethal with dpb11-1 3 (Sld3) roles. While DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2-7 subunits facilitates their interaction with Sld3 at origins, Sld3 in turn stimulates DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2. Details of a mutually antagonistic relationship between DDK and Rap1-interacting factor 1 (Rif1) have also recently come to light. While Rif1 is able to reverse DDK-mediated Mcm2-7 complex phosphorylation by targeting the protein phosphatase glycogen 7 (Glc7) to origins, there is evidence to suggest that DDK can counteract this activity by binding to and phosphorylating Rif1.
Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhiqing , Lin Faying , Wang Bennett , Cao Yihai , Hou Xu , Wang Yangang
Published: December 2016

Research indicates that higher levels of traffic-related pollution exposure increase the risk of diabetes, but the association between road proximity and diabetes risk remains unclear. To assess and quantify the association between residential proximity to major roadways and type 2 diabetes, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. Using a random-effects meta-analysis, the summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated. Bayesian meta-analysis was also performed. Eight studies (6 cohort and 2 cross-sectional) with 158,576 participants were finally included. The summary unadjusted RR for type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.44, p = 0.001, I2 = 48.1%). The summary adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.22, p = 0.01, I2 = 17.9%). After excluding two cross-sectional studies, the summary results suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could increase type 2 diabetes risk (Adjusted RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27, p = 0.025, I2 = 36.6%). Bayesian meta-analysis showed that the unadjusted RR and adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways were 1.22 (95% credibility interval: 1.06–1.55) and 1.13 (95% credibility interval: 1.01–1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could significantly increase risk of type 2 diabetes, and it is an independent risk factor of type 2 diabetes. More well-designed studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence.
Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines
Authors: Oh Kyoung-Jin , Lee Da , Kim Won , Han Baek , Lee Sang , Bae Kwang-Hee
Published: December 2016

Obesity and type II diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. A high caloric intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of these conditions. Whole-body insulin resistance and its improvement are the result of the combined actions of each insulin-sensitive organ. Among the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which each organ is able to communicate and engage in cross-talk are cytokines or peptides which stem from secretory organs. Recently, it was reported that several cytokines or peptides are secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines) and liver (hepatokines) in response to certain nutrition and/or physical activity conditions. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The present review is focused on the relationship and cross-talk amongst muscle, adipose tissue and the liver as secretory organs in metabolic diseases.
Reverse Genetics Approaches for the Development of Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Nogales Aitor , Martínez-Sobrido Luis
Published: December 2016

Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of human respiratory disease. Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health and economic problem, which are most effectively prevented through vaccination. However, influenza viruses undergo continual antigenic variation, which requires either the annual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines or the rapid generation of vaccines against potential pandemic virus strains. The segmented nature of influenza virus allows for the reassortment between two or more viruses within a co-infected cell, and this characteristic has also been harnessed in the laboratory to generate reassortant viruses for their use as either inactivated or live-attenuated influenza vaccines. With the implementation of plasmid-based reverse genetics techniques, it is now possible to engineer recombinant influenza viruses entirely from full-length complementary DNA copies of the viral genome by transfection of susceptible cells. These reverse genetics systems have provided investigators with novel and powerful approaches to answer important questions about the biology of influenza viruses, including the function of viral proteins, their interaction with cellular host factors and the mechanisms of influenza virus transmission and pathogenesis. In addition, reverse genetics techniques have allowed the generation of recombinant influenza viruses, providing a powerful technology to develop both inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccines. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of state-of-the-art, plasmid-based, influenza reverse genetics approaches and their implementation to provide rapid, convenient, safe and more effective influenza inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines.
Fondaparinux Outpatient Use for Patients with a Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia History: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Christopher Amy
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this article is to report a case of fondaparinux outpatient utilization for anticoagulation in a patient with a past medical history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and discuss the options and need for future anticoagulation research in this unique patient population. A 63-year-old Caucasian female with a previous medical history of HIT thromboprophylaxed with warfarin for a pulmonary embolism presented to an anticoagulation clinic with a subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) after missed warfarin doses. The patient was instructed to increase her warfarin dose and was prescribed fondaparinux daily injections until her INR was in range. The patient tolerated the fondaparinux therapy without thromboembolic, thrombocytopenia or bleeding occurrence. Fondaparinux therapy for HIT is controversial and differs between established guidelines. Currently, there is no studied use of fondaparinux for thromboprophylaxis in warfarin therapy outpatients with a HIT history who need thromboprophylaxis while undergoing therapy for a procedure, or those who have a subtherapeutic INR. Further study of the outpatient use of fondaparinux for this patient subset is needed to explore the potential benefit of an outpatient, less invasive, less expensive and potentially better tolerated option.
A High-Throughput RNA Extraction for Sprouted Single-Seed Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Rich in Polysaccharides
Authors: Rashid Abdur , Baldwin Thomas , Gines Michael , Bregitzer Phil , Esvelt Klos Kathy
Published: December 2016

Germinated seed from cereal crops including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important tissue to extract RNA and analyze expression levels of genes that control aspects of germination. These tissues are rich in polysaccharides and most methods for RNA extraction are not suitable to handle the excess polysaccharides. Here, we compare the current methods for RNA extraction applicable to germinated barley tissue. We found that although some of these standard methods produced high-quality RNA, the process of extraction was drastically slow, mostly because the frozen seed tissue powder from liquid N2 grinding became recalcitrant to buffer mixing. Our suggested modifications to the protocols removed the need for liquid N2 grinding and significantly increased the output efficiency of RNA extraction. Our modified protocol has applications in other cereal tissues rich in polysaccharides, including oat.