bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined application of multiple biomarkers for early auxiliary diagnosis of silicosis
Authors: Liu Keliang , Sun Linqing , Li Sirui , Xu Haiming
Published: February 2023

Silicosis is an important industrial health problem for those workers exposed to silica. The present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of biomarkers in early auxiliary diagnosis of silicosis, the risk factors of silicosis were also studied. The study sample comprised 65 workers who had clinical silicosis and 70 matched control subjects who were exposed to silica but did not have clinical silicosis. The levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cholinesterases in the serum of 135 subjects were measured. After completing the biochemical assays, a logistic regression model based on the above biochemical determination results was established, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used for judging the discrimination ability of different statistical indexes. The expression levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in serum samples of patients with stage I silicosis and MDA and IL-6 in serum samples of patients with stage II silicosis were all significantly higher. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that ChEs were protective factors for silicosis, while age, chronic respiratory symptoms, IL-6, and MDA were risk factors. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.86 (IL-6), 0.81 (MDA), and 0.65 (TNF-alpha or ChEs). AUC-ROC = 0.90 (95%CI:0.84–0.95). The diagnostic efficiency of IL-6 combined with MDA and TNF-alpha was better than that of any single biomarker.
Banking Deserts and the Paycheck Protection Program
Authors: Deming Kristopher , Weiler Stephan
Published: February 2023

The Paycheck Protection Program was a highly unusual policy measure enacted to provide bridge capital to support small businesses coping with the dramatic downturn in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By design, the program effectively required potential applicants to work through the bank with whom they had a relationship. Yet large swathes of the country are effectively banking deserts, which dramatically steepen the gradient for those regions’ businesses seeking Paycheck Protection Program support. This paper tests the proposition that the exogenous distribution of banks effectively discriminated against those regions where banking services were limited, while also looking at whether loans were distributed to those areas with less dense employment opportunities and higher concentrations of small businesses. The authors find that areas with fewer banking services and lower employment opportunities were systematically disadvantaged in the Paycheck Protection Program distribution, while there were no significant flows to areas with higher rates of small businesses.
Effects of different kinds of shell powder on the structure and properties of polycaprolactone-based composites
Authors: Jian Kui , Weng Fangqing , Zhang Peirui , Gao Shanjun , Zhao Weiwei , Hong Liu , Zhuang Kejia , Wu Qiangxian
Published: February 2023

Agricultural waste shells are another source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Waste shells contain natural polymers such as polysaccharides and protein which can react with active groups in a polymer by melt mixing to form a compatible layer in a composite material. The formation of a compatible layer helps to improve the compatibility and material toughness of a composite. At the same time, the presence of CaCO3 in waste shells can also help to improve the hardness of a material. Therefore, this work mainly focused on the preparation of composite materials using different kinds of shell powder, and also studied the effects of the interface structure between shell powder and polycaprolactone (PCL) and properties of the composite materials. In particular, this work, studied the effects of the crystal forms of various shell powder as well as the content of polysaccharide and protein on the tensile performance and thermal properties of composite materials. The results implied that the tensile performance of the composites prepared from different kinds of shell powder were slightly different. The composite prepared from shell powder containing aragonite-structured CaCO3 had a better elastic modulus than the composite prepared from shell powder containing calcite-structured CaCO3. Likewise, the composite material prepared from scallop shell powder had the best toughness and thermal properties. This work has laid a foundation for exploring the effects of all sorts of shell powder on the structure and properties of composite material.
Process parameter tailored evaluation of FFF-fabricated carbon fibre based poly-lactic-acid composites
Authors: Jain Akash , Kant Krishna , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Sahai Ankit , Sharma Rahul Swarup
Published: February 2023

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an Additive manufacturing technique, widely used in engineering that involves adding material layer by layer to create solid objects with complex geometry. Due to the poor mechanical performance of pure thermoplastics materials, one alternative for enhancing the mechanical qualities of FFF created thermoplastic parts is to include reinforcing material, such as carbon fibre (CF). In this work, we perform an FFF analysis of the mechanical behaviour of gyroid infilled CF based poly-lactic-acid (PLA) composites. Tensile behaviour is measured for a variety of parameter combinations, including raster angle (RA) (0°, 45°, 90°), feed rate (FR) (20 mm/s, 40 mm/s, 60 mm/s) and layer height (LH) (0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm). By adjusting the several process parameters, it is possible to increase tensile strength (TS) by 70.81%, from a minimum of 16.17 MPa to a maximum of 27.62 MPa. The failure mechanisms of the studied specimens are determined using a fractography study, which indicates pulling, necking, raster failure, and voids. Using ANOVA, Taguchi’s L27 array, and regression analysis, the impact of LH, RA, and FR on TS is determined, in which, LH having the highest influence. The results of this study will aid engineers in creating useful components with improved mechanical behaviour.
Potential Pitfalls With Automatic Sentiment Analysis: The Example of Queerphobic Bias
Authors: Ungless Eddie L. , Ross Björn , Belle Vaishak
Published: February 2023

Automated sentiment analysis can help efficiently detect trends in patients’ moods, consumer preferences, political attitudes and more. Unfortunately, like many natural language processing techniques, sentiment analysis can show bias against marginalised groups. We illustrate this point by showing how six popular sentiment analysis tools respond to sentences about queer identities, expanding on existing work on gender, ethnicity and disability. We find evidence of bias against several marginalised queer identities, including in the two models from Google and Amazon that seem to have been subject to superficial debiasing. We conclude with guidance on selecting a sentiment analysis tool to minimise the risk of model bias skewing results.
Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing—Anatomical and Biomechanical Consideration
Authors: Liu Howe , Wiedman Christopher M. , Lovelace-Chandler Venita , Gong Suzhen , Salem Yasser
Published: February 2023

Background: Deep diaphragmatic breathing (DDB) involves slow and fully contraction of the diaphragm with expansion of the belly during inhalation, and slow and fully contraction of the abdominal muscles with reduction of the belly during exhalation. It is the key component of the holistic mind-body exercises commonly used for patients with multimorbidity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to re-visit and address the fundamental anatomical and biomechanical consideration of the DDB with the relevant literature. Method: Peer-reviewed publications from last the 15 years were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Findings: In this article, we described the updated morphological and anatomical characteristics of the diaphragm. Then, we elucidated in a biomechanical approach how and why the DDB can work on the gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems as well as on regulating the intra-abdominopelvic pressure and mind-body interaction to coordinate the diaphragm-pelvic floor-abdominal complex for a variety of physical and physiological activities. Conclusion: Understanding of this updated DDB knowledge may help holistic healthcare professionals including holistic nurses provide better patient education and care management during the DDB or DDB-based mind-body intervention time.
Entrepreneurship and innovation in the Triple Helix: The perspicacity of intermediate ties
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry , Dzisah James , Albats Ekaterina , Cai Yuzhuo , Outamha Rabii
Published: February 2023

Inherent Simmelian foundations anchor the theoretical base of the Triple Helix model. The Triple Helix model polishes the theoretical lens of Georg Simmel, revealing the empirical basis of intermediating ties in entrepreneurship and innovation. This Viewpoint article takes the path-breaking weak and strong ties approach of Mark Granovetter a step beyond the search for existing jobs into the realm of entrepreneurship and innovation: the task of creating new jobs. Building on Granovetter’s counter-intuitive social ties model, the perspicacity of intermediate ties is that they constitute an often invisible category of collegial and friendship ties that may be induced or repressed in varying organizational formats. Such ties are key building blocks, supplying missing dimensions of talent and mediation in entrepreneurial start-ups, often making the difference between success and failure.
Response surface modeling and optimization of LM25 alloy-based hybrid composites reinforced with red mud and sillimanite particles
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Kumar Narendra
Published: February 2023

The present study investigates the tribological behavior of aluminum and silicon (Si) alloy (LM25) based hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC). LM25 alloy is reinforced with three different percentages (5, 10, and 15 wt. %) in a 1:1 ratio of sillimanite and red mud particles utilizing the stir casting method. An analysis of the microstructure shows morphology of reinforcement particles throughout the alloy matrix. Pin-on-disk tests have been performed as per the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique to evaluate wear and friction characteristics. Further effect of reinforcement, sliding velocity, and applied load on wear and friction characteristics were analyzed and optimize as 13.48 wt. % reinforcement, 10 N load and 1.5 m/s sliding speed to get optimum properties. SEM analysis showed that the composite surface was more susceptible to wear under high loads since it had a higher degree of deformation.
Performance augmentation of a solar thermal desalination system using different floating absorber plates
Authors: K. Ashish Chandran , Raj Arun K. , C.S. Sujith Kumar
Published: February 2023

Interfacial evaporation is known to boost the evaporation rate compared to conventional bulk evaporation, as energy conversion and vapor generation simultaneously occur at the air–liquid interface. This work presents the investigation details on the design, fabrication, and testing to determine the performance of a floating absorber structure with the sole interest of maximizing the evaporation rate. Polyvinyl alcohol cloth is the wicking cum absorber material, while extruded polystyrene sheet is the floating structure cum thermal insulator. Phase I of the study involves the comparative study between bulk and interfacial heating and the effect of different types of patterns with the same area on interfacial heating with a single absorber. Phase II involves the effect of multiple absorbers on interfacial evaporation. To identify a better design, different absorber configurations (single, patterned, multiple, and multiple blocks with full coating and patterns) were compared to bulk heating. The study highlighted the improvement in evaporation rate achieved using floating absorbers by 43% and 56% for single and multiple absorbers under one sun illumination compared to bulk heating. Also, a multiple absorber design yields a 10% higher evaporation rate than a single absorber. An extended analysis with and without black coating on multiple absorbers design indicates an improvement of 17% evaporation efficiency compared to bare multiple absorbers. In selecting a suitable pattern embedded on the single absorber, the stripe-type pattern resulted in a 21% improvement in evaporation rate than the bare absorber among the four patterns tested. The multiple absorbers with stripe patterns obtained an evaporation rate of 1.17 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun (1 kWm−2) irradiation. Further, the multiple absorbers with stripe-type patterns obtained an evaporation rate of 1.69 kg m−2 h−1 under 1.5 sun irradiation (1.5 kWm−2).
Generation of vibration load spectrum for fatigue analysis of equipment mounted on bogie frame of railway vehicle based on fatigue damage spectrum
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Sun Wenjing , Wang Qiushi , Zhang Zhanfei , He Yanlin , Zhou Jinsong
Published: February 2023

The equipment mounted on the bogie frame of railway vehicles is subjected to non-stationary vibrations from the bogie frame. Currently, the vibration load spectrum for fatigue analysis of equipment is expressed with the power spectral density, which is generally obtained with the power values of measured vibrations or stationary Gaussian vibrations collected at the specific operating conditions. However, this does not have the equivalent damage potential as the non-stationary vibrations. Thus, a generation method of the vibration load spectrum is proposed based on the fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) to obtain the equivalent damage potential as the one from the non-stationary vibrations in this paper. That is, the FDS of non-stationary vibration is calculated with the time domain method, and the vibration load spectrum is generated in the frequency domain with this FDS. Then the method is verified by the measured vibration and dynamic strain of equipment. Finally, the vibration load spectrum of equipment mounted on the bogie frame is generated with the measured vibrations in a maintenance cycle and the fatigue analysis is performed. The results show that the generated vibration load spectrum can validly contain the high power in non-stationary vibrations and express the distribution of power over frequency, which gives much better estimates of the fatigue damage of equipment than other load spectra. The generated vibration load spectrum is suitable for quantifying the actual non-stationary vibrations and can be used for the anti-fatigue design of equipment.
Numerical investigation of mixing performance for controlled supersonic jet
Authors: Kumar Bholu , Verma Suresh Kant , Srivastava Shantanu
Published: February 2023

In the present study, the mixing characteristics of the Mach 1.86 jet from a convergent-divergent nozzle of square cross-section from inlet to exit were investigated numerically. The jet studied were uncontrolled and controlled with limiting tab of rectangular and circular cross-sections. The nozzle pressure ratio is varied from 4 to 6 with a step size of one, leading to the confinement of the present study for the over-expansion and near correct expansion levels of the jet. It is observed that the core length, which is a direct indication of the extent of jet mixing, reduced significantly for the jet controlled with limiting tab as compared to that with the uncontrolled counterpart. Also, among the circular and rectangular limiting tabs, the tab with rectangular cross-section caused maximum core length reduction. The jet spread and the waves prevailing in the jet field were studied and visualized using pressure profiles and Mach contours, respectively. The present work may be used in understanding and solving complex phenomena occurring in the fields of aeroacoustics noise suppression, reduction of base heating of launch vehicles, supersonic combustion, mitigation of infrared radiations due to chimney smoke, etc., where jet mixing is highly desirable.
Downsizing and minimising medialisation of the acetabular component: Novel technique to preserve bone in THA
Authors: Raj Jeffrey J , Thompson Matt , Whitehouse Sarah L , Jaiprakash Anjali , Varughese Ibin , Crawford Ross W
Published: February 2023

Standard practice for acetabular component placement in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is to medialise the acetabular component. Bone preservation techniques during primary THA are beneficial for possible future revisions. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of downsizing and minimising medialisation of the acetabular component on bone resection volume. The volume of bone resected during acetabular preparation for different sizes of components was calculated and the volume of bone preserved by downsizing the cup was determined. Minimising medialisation of the acetabular component by 1–3 mm from the true floor was calculated. Absolute values and percentage of bone volume preserved when acetabular components are downsized or less medialised is presented. Downsizing the acetabular component by one size (2 mm) preserves between 2.6 cm3 (size 40 vs 42) and 8.4 cm3 (size 72 vs 74) of bone volume and consistently reduces resected bone volume by at least 35% (range 35.2%–37.5%). Similarly, reducing medialisation of a 56 mm acetabular cup (as an example of a commonly implanted component) by 3 mm reduces bone loss by 5.9 cm3– 44% less bone volume resection. Downsizing and minimising medialisation of the cup in THA substantially preserves bone which may benefit future revision surgeries. Surgeons could consider implanting the smallest acceptable acetabular shell to preserve bone without compromising on head size.
Dany Laferrière as a Japanese writer: Fantasy and despair
Authors: McQuade Paul
Published: February 2023

Dany Laferrière has demonstrated a continuous engagement with Japan, beginning with the novel Éroshima in 1987 and continuing to his most recent publication in 2021, Sur la route avec Bashō. The aim of this article is to understand what role Japan plays within Laferrière's writing and how it helps us understand the complex network of sex, power, and race in his work. Between the cosmopolitanism of the network of nation-states and the despair of identity politics, I situate Laferrière's use of Japan as a fantasy that empowers the writer beyond the impasse of a white-black racial imaginary. Reading Laferrière this way allows us to understand how his writing uses the fantasy of the Orient, often to the detriment of Asian women. As such it contributes to comparative work between Asian and French literatures, debates in Francophonie, and critical understandings of race in the Francophone sphere of the Americas.
Risk factors associated with COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a longitudinal prospective cohort
Authors: Patil Abhishek , Shobha Vineeta , Shenoy Padmanabha , S Chandrashekara , Kumar Sharath , Daware Manisha , Haridas Vikram , Janardana Ramya , Pinto Benzeeta , Kodishala Chanakya , Ramaswamy Subramanian , S Nagaraj , Jain Vikramraj , Singh Yogesh Preet , Singhai Shweta , C Srinivasa , Jois Ramesh , Rao Vijay K , Dharmapalaiah Chethana , KN Sangeetha , Balebail Dharmanand
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Patients with SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) have a higher risk of infection due to dysregulated immune system as well as long-term use of immunosuppressants (IS). This could influence the risk of COVID-19 and its outcome.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal prospective study across 15 rheumatology centres during the first wave of the pandemic to understand the risk factors contributing to COVID-19 in SLE patients. During the 6 months follow-up, those who tested positive for COVID-19, their clinical course and outcome information were recorded.

Results

Through the study period (April–December 2020), 36/1379 lupus patients (2.9%) developed COVID-19. On analysing the COVID-19 positive versus negative cohort during the study period, male gender (adjusted RR 3.72, 95% C.I. 1.85,7.51) and diabetes (adjusted RR 2.94, 95% C.I. 1.28, 6.79) emerged as the strongest risk factors for COVID-19, in the adjusted analysis. There was no significant influence of organ involvement, hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoid dosage (prednisolone< 7.5 mg or ≥ 7.5 mg/day) or IS on the risk of COVID-19. There was only one death (1/36) among the lupus patients due to COVID-19.

Conclusion

Traditional risk factors rather than lupus disease process or IS influenced the risk of COVID-19 in our cohort.
Mindful mindfulness reporting: Media portrayals of scientific evidence for meditation mobile apps
Authors: Walker Stacey Leigh , Viaña John Noel
Published: February 2023

Promoting mental health is a major global challenge. As mindfulness meditation apps can help maintain and restore good mental health, it is important to understand how their efficacy and safety are portrayed in the media. This study systematically evaluates whether evidence from academic research is used to communicate the health effects of two popular mindfulness apps, Calm and Smiling Mind. A scoping review mapped research findings from 16 relevant articles, and a media analysis examined the types of evidence used in news reporting. Analysing 105 news articles revealed that 98% did not use evidence from academic research on app-based meditation to support health claims. Only 28.5% of articles included advice from a health expert, and 9.5% mentioned potential risks and alternative treatments. Stronger evidence-based reporting on the health effects of mindfulness apps is needed to enable people to make more informed decisions for their health and wellbeing.
Estimating stage-specific sensitivity for cancer screening tests
Authors: Pinsky Paul , Lange Jane , Etzioni Ruth
Published: February 2023

Objectives

When evaluating potential new cancer screening modalities, estimating sensitivity, especially for early-stage cases, is critical. There are methods to approximate stage-specific sensitivity in asymptomatic populations, both in the prospective (active screening) and retrospective (stored specimens) scenarios. We explored their validity via a simulation study.

Methods

We fit natural history models to lung and ovarian cancer screening data that permitted estimation of stage-specific (early/late) true sensitivity, defined as the probability subjects screened in the given stage had positive tests. We then ran simulations, using the fitted models, of the prospective and retrospective scenarios. Prospective sensitivity by stage was estimated as screen-detected divided by screen-plus interval-detected cancers, where stage is defined as stage at detection. Retrospective sensitivity by stage was estimated based on cancers detected within specified windows before clinical diagnosis with stage defined as stage at clinical diagnosis.

Results

Stage-specific true sensitivities estimated by the lung cancer natural history model were 47% (early) and 63% (late). Simulation results for the prospective setting gave estimated sensitivities of 81% (early) versus 62% (late). In the retrospective scenario, early/late sensitivity estimates were 35%/57% (1-year window) and 27%/49% (2-year window). In the prospective scenario, most subjects with negative early-stage screens presented as other than early-stage interval cases. Results were similar for ovarian cancer, with estimated prospective sensitivity much greater than true sensitivity for early stage, 84% versus 25%.

Conclusions

Existing methods for approximating stage-specific sensitivity in both prospective and retrospective scenarios are unsatisfactory; improvements are needed before they can be considered to be reliable.
Testing the Effect of Psychological Ownership and Organisational Justice on Employees’ Readiness to Change: Empirical Evidence from Indian IT Industry
Authors: K. Jnaneswar , Rajendrababu Gayathri
Published: February 2023

To survive in a volatile and uncertain business environment, organisations need to adjust, evolve and progress. The ability to quickly adapt to change gives a competitive advantage to the organisation. Therefore organisations should understand and improve various factors which predict employee readiness to change. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of organisational justice and psychological ownership on employee readiness to change in the Indian IT industry. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study, and the respondents include 211 full-time employees from different organisations in the Indian IT industry. Findings revealed that both organisational justice and psychological ownership has a positive relationship with employee readiness to change. The results of multiple linear regression also established that organisational justice and psychological ownership jointly predict employee readiness to change. The present study, grounded on the psychological theory of social exchange and social exchange theories, enriches the existing literature about employee readiness to change and offers important implications for practitioners.
Eighth-grade Students’ Content Learning and STEM Identity as a Result of Design-Based Learning
Authors: Ladachart Luecha , Radchanet Visit , Phornprasert Wannakorn , Phothong Wilawan
Published: February 2023

Design-based learning (DBL) is a pedagogical approach to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This study aims to examine 32 eighth-grade students’ content knowledge and STEM identity before and after DBL. It also compares male and female students’ learning achievements. Data were collected using a conceptual test and a questionnaire measuring STEM identity. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results reveal that, although male and female students experienced a similar gain in content knowledge, DBL tended to have negative effects on male students but positive effects on female students. These results highlight gender issues accompanying DBL.
EBV-Gastritis Preceded the Development of Nasopharyngeal EBV (+) Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in a Patient With Ruxolitinib-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Puello Yocum Bianca , Mesa Hector , Maratt Jennifer K. , Ermel Aaron C. , Manchanda Naveen , Popnikolov Nikolay
Published: February 2023

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is acquired early in life as asymptomatic or symptomatic infectious mononucleosis (IM) and remains latent in a few B cells in most individuals. Pathologic EBV-reactivation affects immunosuppressed individuals and manifests as IM-like syndromes, polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorders, EBV-related lymphomas, and carcinomas. EBV-associated gastritis is an underrecognized and very rarely reported entity. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with ruxolitinib-treated polycythemia vera, who developed EBV viremia and EBV gastritis. The patient improved after the ruxolitinib dose reduction and administration of antiviral therapy. A few months after discontinuation of the antiviral therapy the gastric symptoms recurred, numerous gastric ulcers were identified, and a nasopharyngeal mass was detected. A biopsy of the nasopharynx showed an EBV (+) diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Ruxolitinib was discontinued and the patient was started on rituximab monotherapy with a resolution of symptoms and pathologic improvement. Our case supports earlier reports of an association of ruxolitinib therapy with EBV complications. An early diagnosis of EBV gastritis in immunocompromised patients is important since the gastric infection may precede or co-exist with a developing EBV-associated malignancy. Our case and existing literature suggest that EBV gastritis in symptomatic patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression requires discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy if feasible, treatment with antivirals, and close surveillance for possible evolving/concurrent EBV (+) malignancy.
Oh Baby! A Content Analysis of Contraception Pins on Pinterest
Authors: Kohler Tessa , Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Perrin Paul , Laestadius Linnea
Published: February 2023

Background:

Social media platforms have become a popular source for health information despite concerns about the quality of content shared. We examined how oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices are framed on the platform Pinterest using the Health Belief Model (HBM), as well as how fertility awareness methods are portrayed as an alternative to hormonal contraception.

Methods:

We collected pins in February 2021 using searches for birth control, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices. After excluding paid ads and pins not relevant to contraceptive use, we conducted a content analysis of 404 pins using a coding framework grounded in the HBM. We carried out descriptive statistics for all variables in the final sample.

Results:

Following coding, we found that 54.7% of pins mentioned oral contraceptive pills, 41.58% mentioned intrauterine devices, and 11.63% mentioned fertility awareness methods. Fertility awareness pins had the highest percentage of benefits conveyed (70.21%), followed by intrauterine devices (44.05%), then oral contraceptive pills (38.91%). Pill pins had the highest percentage of barriers conveyed (52.94%) and fertility awareness had the least (25.53%). Side effects were the most mentioned barrier among pill (37.10%) and intrauterine device pins (23.21%). Very few pins were made by (2.48%) or originated with medical institutions (5.45%).

Conclusions:

Oral contraceptive pills are often negatively framed on Pinterest, whereas intrauterine devices and fertility awareness methods are more positively framed. This suggests a need for clear communication from clinicians regarding all contraceptive options and their relative merits and risks.
Analysis of fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rates of electron beam-welded dissimilar nickel-based superalloys: Mode-I cracks oriented normal to the weld
Authors: Saju Tom , Velu Munirathinam
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses the experimentally obtained results of fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rates of dissimilar metal-welded joints of Inconel 718 to Nimonic 80A. The dissimilar metal-welded joints were prepared in butt joint configuration using electron beam welding. Mode-I cracks were oriented normal to the weld. The base metals have different yield strength values (plastic mismatch) and ultimate tensile strength values but have the same elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficients. The experiments were conducted using single-edge notched bend specimen design. The fracture toughness ( J) and fatigue crack growth rates of dissimilar metal-welded joints were affected by the direction of crack growth, such as cracks moving from stronger metal to weaker metal or vice versa. In comparison to Nimonic 80A (base metal), the J value of dissimilar metal-welded joint with crack direction from Nimonic 80A (stronger) to Inconel 718 (weaker) was lower. Moreover, the J value of dissimilar metal-welded joint was higher than that of Nimonic 80A (base metal) when crack traveled from Inconel 718 (weaker) to Nimonic 80A (stronger). In the fatigue crack growth rate test, the crack grew faster as it approached the weld interface from Nimonic 80A toward Inconel 718 due to crack acceleration. Conversely, the crack grew slowly in the opposite direction due to crack shielding. The onset of these effects began sooner for higher loads than lower loads.
Rapid detection of serum free light chains by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaya Zelal Zuhal , Serdar Muhittin , Aksungar Fehime , Kilercik Meltem , Serteser Mustafa , Baykal Ahmet Tarik
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Serum free light chain (FLC) measurements are increasingly prominent for patients with plasma cell disorders (PCDs) in screening, prognostic stratification, and monitoring therapy responses. Objectives: We aimed to develop a sensitive, reliable, and accurate method for diagnosing PCDs that can notably decrease the time and cost of current methods. Methods: Here, we present a novel approach for FLC measurement using immunoenrichment on micro-affinity chromatography in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) detection. In this study, serum free kappa (κ) and free lambda (λ) light chain (LC) levels in the serum of 105 patients were compared between the nephelometric serum FLC quantification and MALDI-TOF MS detection. Results: Cohen's kappa coefficient between the MALDI-TOF MS-based method and the FLC assay revealed an almost perfect agreement in the case of normal (negative) results (κ = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.837 to 0.968) and a good agreement in the case of increased (positive) results (κ = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.608 to 0.870). In Spearman's correlation analysis, the best correlation was found between serum free κ/λ ratios (r = 0.628, 0.496 to 0.732; p <0.0001). Our method showed sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (76.3%) for discrimination between the κ/λ FLC ratio compared to the serum FLC assay. Conclusion: The proposed method can significantly contribute to diagnosing and monitoring PCDs as it can significantly be time-saving, cost-effective in FLC measurement.
“You come up from the ashes, and you’re like a phoenix.” Survivors of sex trafficking define resilience
Authors: Knight Logan , Yoon Susan
Published: February 2023

The study of resilience has largely relied on definitions and conceptualizations of resilience produced by academia, with little of the knowledge produced being grounded in the experience and perspectives of those outside academia. The voices of marginalized and stressed populations are particularly rarely integrated into sanctioned institutional discourses of knowledge, reproducing inequality where these institutions have influence. Specifically, little research has explored the ways in which survivors of sex trafficking define and conceptualize resilience. Thus, academic inquiry into survivor resilience may risk missing what is important to survivors themselves regarding the issue. Using thematic analysis, this study explored survivors’ responses to the question “What does ‘resilience’ mean to you?”, which resulted in five themes: resilience as (1) resistance, (2) transition, (3) a sustained force over time, (4) transformation, and (5) resources. Participants defined resilience as being primarily a person-centered phenomenon, rather than a process-centered phenomenon, that was the output of their inherent and enduring personal power to survive or overcome and adversity, and to shape their lives in preferred ways despite adversity. Differing from academic definitions of resilience in several significant ways, participants conceptualized resilience as being promoted by external resources and opportunities but existent even in the absence of such resource and opportunities. Findings suggest that for resilience inquiry to resonate with survivors, it must first acknowledge the inherent power of survivors.
AxV: An autonomous vehicle concept capable of operating throughout the ocean space: air, surface and subsea
Authors: Bowker James , Tan Mingyi , Townsend Nicholas
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a concept design for an Autonomous Vehicle (AxV) capable of operating throughout the ocean space; air, surface and subsea. With current autonomous platforms limited in their operation, for example aerial platforms only operate in air, ASVs only operate on the ocean surface and AUVs operate subsea, a platform which can operate, transiting and transitioning in and between air, surface and subsea, providing increased mobility is very attractive. In this paper, a novel AxV platform is described. The governing equations are presented, describing each operational mode and the transitions between modes (air to surface, surface to subsea, subsea to surface, surface to air). Results are presented based on the dimensions of existing vehicles, showing that the system is theoretically feasible.
Using connected teaching and learning to deepen children’s interdisciplinary learning
Authors: O’Brien Lisa M , Paratore Jeanne R , Salinas Alejandra , Blodgett Sarah
Published: February 2023

This qualitative study examined the interplay between teacher facilitation, children’s uptake of vocabulary and reasoning strategies, and the roles children assumed as learners as they experienced instruction grounded in Connected Teaching and Learning ([CTL] an interdisciplinary instructional framework that leverages key practices from culturally responsive pedagogies and meaningful use of multimodal text sets. Analyses suggest (1) students assumed more active roles in their learning as they “enacted” the work of scientists and (2) varied teacher facilitation practices and children’s vocabulary and reasoning uptake were key factors in children’s shift to more active roles. Although findings suggest CTL is a promising instructional framework, findings also underscore the significance of how teachers act on the instructional framework.
Antibody Drug Conjugates of Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Breast Cancers
Authors: Cui Yingshu , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Yi , Sun Yuanyuan , Hu Jia , Jia Jia , Li Xiaosong
Published: February 2023

Worldwide, the incidence rate of breast cancer is the highest in women. Approximately 2.3 million people were newly diagnosed and 0.685 million were dead of breast cancer in 2020, which continues to grow. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis, but disappointly, there are no effective and specific therapies clinically, especially for patients presenting with metastatic diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of cancer therapy for survival improvisation and adverse effects alleviation of breast cancers. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed, photochemistry-based cancer therapy. It was drive by an antibody–photoabsorber conjugate (APC) which is triggered by near-infrared light. The key part of APC is a cancer-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can bind to receptors or antigens on the surface of tumor cells. Because of this targeted conjugate accumulation, subsequent deployment of focal NIR-light results in functional damage on the targeted cell membranes without harming the immediately adjacent receptor-negative cells and evokes a kind of photochemical, speedy, and highly specific immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells with corresponding antigens. Subsequently, immature dendritic cells adjacent to dying cancer cells will become mature, further inducing a host-oriented anti-cancer immune response, complicatedly and comprehensively. Currently, NIR-PIT has progressed into phase 3 clinical trial for recurrent head and neck cancer. And preclinical studies have illustrated strong therapeutic efficacy of NIR-PIT targeting various molecular receptors overexpressed in breast cancer cells, including EGFR, HER2, CD44c, CD206, ICAM-1 and FAP-α. Thereby, NIR-PIT is in early trials, but appears to be a promising breast cancer therapy and moving into the future. Here, we present the specific advantages and discuss the most recent preclinical studies against several transmembrane proteins of NIR-PIT in breast cancers.
The Role of Nutrients and Diet Characteristics in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Apergi Kyriaki , Dimosthenopoulos Charilaos , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: February 2023

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of diabetes mellitus that affect patients’ quality of life and pose a burden on the healthcare system. Although malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies can seriously impact wound healing in patients with chronic nonhealing wounds, the role of nutrition in the prevention and management of DFUs is still not clear. This review discusses the significance of frequent diet assessment and nutritional education of patients with DFUs with individualized correction of deficiencies and emphasis on adequate protein intake along with correction of vitamins D, C, E, and selenium status. Future research should clarify the impact of nutritional interventions, potentially involving the use of probiotics, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, and successfully translating the findings into practical guidelines for use in everyday clinical practice.
Rise and Fall: Downtown Eugene’s Pedestrian Mall Experience and Retail Core Transformation
Authors: Shrestha Subik Kumar
Published: February 2023

Downtown Eugene’s retail core transformed drastically after the institution of the pedestrian mall in 1971. The “Eugene Mall,” which was demolished across four stages between 1985 and 2002, was a part of the city’s federal urban renewal program of the late-1960s. This research examines (1) the reasons for the mall’s failure, (2) the displacement of retail businesses and brief rise and decline during the first phase of the mall’s existence (1971–1985), and (3) the resurgence of the downtown core through a shift in approach, specifically one that allowed diverse non-retail projects during its second phase (1986–2002).
Machine Learning Mixed Methods Text Analysis: An Illustration From Automated Scoring Models of Student Writing in Biology Education
Authors: Sripathi Kamali N. , Moscarella Rosa A. , Steele Matthew , Yoho Rachel , You Hyesun , Prevost Luanna B. , Urban-Lurain Mark , Merrill John , Haudek Kevin C.
Published: February 2023

Assessing student knowledge based on their writing using traditional qualitative methods is time-consuming. To improve speed and consistency of text analysis, we present our mixed methods development of a machine learning predictive model to analyze student writing. Our approach involves two stages: first an exploratory sequential design, and second an iterative complex design. We first trained our predictive model using qualitative coding of categories (ideas) in student writing. We next revised our model based on feedback from instructor-users. The model itself highlighted categories in need of revision. The contribution to mixed methods research lies in our innovative use of the machine learning tool as a rapid, consistent additional coder, and a resource that can predict codes for new student writing.
Campus Recreational Sports Participation and Academic Cheating: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beldon Zachary
Published: February 2023

College student participation in extracurricular activities is recognized as a contributing factor to an increase in academic cheating behaviors. National Intramural and Recreational Sport Association (NIRSA)-sponsored sports emphasize that all participants demonstrate appropriate ethical behaviors (i.e., sportsmanship) throughout competition. This study explores the impact that participation in recreational sports programs in college has on the frequency of self-reported instances of academic cheating. Specifically, we assess whether participation in NIRSA-sponsored activities which focus on the development of ethical behaviors in sports (i.e., sportsmanship), translates into ethical behaviors in the classroom, as measured through self-reported instances of academic dishonesty. Results show that participation in NIRSA-sponsored programs is directly related to an increase in self-reported instances of academic cheating.
Mechanical thrombectomy alone versus with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Adusumilli Gautam , Ghozy Sherief , Bilgin Cem , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Heit Jeremy J , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Kallmes David F
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care in eligible patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The question of whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) improves outcomes in conjunction with MT remains unanswered. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCT) to explore outcomes of MT with and without IVT.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Scopus. Outcomes of interest included 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score 2b-3, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), distal embolization, and mortality. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Six RCTs with 2334 patients compared outcomes of patients treated with MT alone and MT with IVT. Both treatments resulted in comparable rates of mRS 0–2 (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.88–1.04; p-value = 0.282), sICH (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.55–1.17; p-value = 0.253), mortality at 90-days (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.88–1.28; p-value = 0.529), and distal embolization (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.79–1.52; p-value = 0.572). MT alone was associated with a lower rate of TICI 2b-3 compared to MT with IVT (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99; p-value = 0.006).

Conclusions

In this meta-analysis of six RCTs, MT alone was comparable to MT plus IVT for mRS 0–2, sICH, mortality, and distal embolization; however, MT alone resulted in lower rates of TICI 2b-3. Further trials are needed to determine which patient populations benefit from MT plus IVT and to increase the power of future meta-analyses.
Populists in Court: Wager, Match, and Chance Considered as Generic Forms of Playful Legalities
Authors: Korsten Frans-Willem
Published: February 2023

A principal element of law is the unpredictable outcome of its proceedings. This unpredictability has fueled the hopes of many and the fears of equally as many. In recent years populists and other political mavericks have become highly capable at exploiting the element of chance in law, aiming not so much to prove guilt or maintain innocence, but rather to reconfigure the judiciary affectively as a game of winners and losers. Populists’ legal and luysory tactics make it urgent to reconsider the relation between the fields of law and the humanities. By paying more attention to the genres and media of play and game we can better assess the ways in which contemporary actors are playing with law and exploring the limits of the rules of the game. Here, the plurality that characterizes culturally and medially determined forms of legality, as Greta Olson calls it, has a counterpart in an equally culturally inspired and mediatized form of totalitarianism. In analyzing the populist play with law, my guide will be Johan Huizinga’s Homo Ludens, in which he considers law’s origin in play and chance. For Huizinga, play is serious, as is the law. The populist play with law is equally serious, since it may have serious consequences for the Rechtsgefühle of citizens.