bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Pore Structures on Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti by 3D Finite Element Models
Authors: Gong Mi , Kou Hong Chao , Yang Yu Song , Xu Guang Sheng , Li Jin Shan , Zhou Lian
Published: March 2013

The pore structures on mechanical properties of porous Ti were investigated by 3D finite element models. Calculated elastic modulus and yield strength suggested that square-pore models exhibit lower modulus and higher strength compared with another two kinds of shapes (circle and hexagonal). In addition, under the condition of medium porosity (58.96%), integrated property was found in square-pore model which elastic modulus was 26.97GPa, less than 1/3 of hexagonal-pore model; while the yield strength maintained 63.82MPa, doubled the figure of circle-pore model. Thus, models with square-pore structures show potential perspective as hard tissue replacements. Investigation on anisotropy of microstructure implies that the elastic modulus was affected more intensively than the yield strength.
Remediation Effects of Steel Slag and Fly Ash on Heavy Metal Contaminated Acidic Soil
Authors: Gu Hai Hong , Li Fu Ping , Yu Qiang , Xu Yong Li , Zhang Jun Ying
Published: March 2013

The remediation effects and mechanisms of the by-products of industry, fly ash and steel slag, on heavy metal contaminated acidic soil were investigated in this study. Fly ash was added at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g kg-1dry weight soil, and steel slag was added at 0, 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 g kg-1dry weight soil, respectively. The results indicated that the application of fly ash and steel slag significantly increased soil pH values, and the increments improved with the increasing amendment dosages. The treatments of fly ash added at 20-40 g•kg-1and steel slag at 3-6 g•kg-1had the pH values within 5.5-7.0, and theSuperscript textneutral and weakly acidic soil environment was suitable for plant growth. The addition of amendments substantially decreased the avalibility of heavy metals, and the higher amendment dosages resulted in the lower CaCl2extractable heavy metal concentrations. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the mobile metals were mainly deposited as their silicates, phosphates and hydroxides in amended treatments. These results demonstrated that the application of fly ash and steel slag might be a potential strategy to remediate heavy metal contaminated acidic soil.
A SIFT Feature Matching Algorithm Based on Semi-Variance Function
Authors: Tian Feng , Yan Yu Bo
Published: March 2013

For solving the low matching efficiency problem due to high dimension of eigenvector in SIFT, a SIFT feature matching algorithm based on semi-variance function is proposed. For each feature point in image SIFT feature point zone, m beams are generated by using the position of the feature point as center and the orientation of the feature point as start direction. The image semi-variance function value of each beam, which is treated as SIFT value of eigenvector descriptor, is used in the algorithm aiming at reducing the dimension of eigenvector and improving image matching efficiency. The experiment result shows that the matching rate of this algorithm is higher, the matching time of this algorithm is less.
Design of a Automatic Cutting Device for Intersecting Curve of Steel Pipes
Authors: Gu Feng , Chen Xiao Gang
Published: March 2013

Analyzing intersection forms of two pipes and using the theory of analytic geometry,This paper establishs the mathematical model of two pipes intersection curve and designs a pipe intersecting curve cutting device.This device can control the rotary speed around the pipes and the movement speed of the pipes axial of the torch to cut pipes intersecting curve and ensuring that the torch does uniform movement. By two-axis linkage it can cut a certain scope diameter and various position intersection of the intersection of the two circular pipes intersecting curve and its structure is reasonable. It has good application value.
Cellulase Production by Submerged Fermentation Using Biological Materials of Corncob Residue with Aspergillus Niger FC-1
Authors: Jiang Sheng Yao , Shi Hui Qin , Gao Ming Fu , Liu Yun Pan , Fang Xiao Min , Dai Gui Fu , Zhu Guang Yue , Deng Xiao Yu , Zhang Yu Fei , Zhang Biao , Shang Xin Da , Wu Jian
Published: March 2013

In order to improve the cellulase-producing ability, the culture medium components and condition were optimized. The results showed that the cellulase activity in the fermentation broth remarkably increased by using 1% corncob residue combined with 1% wheat bran and 1% corncob as carbon source, taking 0.75% soybean meal and 0.3% KON3 as nitrogen source, and adding 0.3% CaCO3 to stabilize the pH to 5.0. The FPase activity in supernatant of A. niger FC-1 fermented with 50mL of the optimal medium in 250mL shake flasks at 30°C reached 101.6U/mL, which was 4.7 times of that before optimization.
Study on Shape Optimization of Calcium–Alginate Beads
Authors: Li Zhao Qing , Hou Li Da , Li Zhen , Zheng Wei , Li Li
Published: March 2013

In this paper, calcium–alginate beads have been manufactured by physically cross-linked technology, by dripping an aqueous alginate solution into a solution of calcium salt as a crosslinker. The effect of various elements controlling beads shape such as solution concentration, flow rate and the distance between the orifice tip and surface of the cross-linking solution were studied. The various elements affected the gelling rate and diameter and weight were studied. The findings indicated that shape of alginate beads in the hydrated state was strongly dependent on the flow rate and concentration of sodium alginate solutions.
Ground Source Heat Pump and Conventional Heat Sources to Match the Design and Operation Mode for Energy Saving
Authors: Ran Chun Yu , Zhang Li Yun
Published: March 2013

According to China's current energy present situation, the use of renewable energy, saving energy and reducing consumption has become the energy industry development should follow the basic principles. Electric boiler-ground source heat pump system as one kind of building energy saving technology, mainly in soil source heat pump renewable energy utilization. In this paper the boilers and soil source heat pump matching design and operation model research, from energy efficiency, economic and technical analysis, environmental benefit analysis into consideration, and concludes that the electric boiler-ground source heat pump system has the obvious energy saving and environmental benefits.
Thermal Performance of a Novel Flat Heat Pipe with Integral Micro-Grooved Wick for Energy Saving
Authors: Kou Zhi Hai , Bai Min Li , Yang Hong Wu
Published: March 2013

A novel flat heat pipe is put forward. The novel flat heat pipe is characteristic of its integral wick structure of microgrooves, which is made of a series of thin aluminum foils folded side by side. The thermal performance of the novel flat heat pipe under the different heat loads and incline angles has been investigated experimentally. It is found that the equivalent thermal conductivity of the novel flat heat pipe can be 12.3 times higher than that of the heat pipe material. Moreover, the novel flat heat pipe with integral micro-grooved wick has good temperature uniformity. The novel flat heat pipe can play a pronounced role in heat transfer enhancement, and be expected to be good candidates for thermal management of electronic devices.
The Research on Intelligent Global MPPT of Small Wind Turbine for Energy Saving
Authors: Sun Hao , Yang Cheng Zhi , Shan Ya Zhou
Published: March 2013

The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an important method to improve power conversion efficiency for wind-power generation systems. In this paper, an intelligent global power MPPT method is presented. The comparison result of load power under various wind speed are presented through a real experiment, and it shows that maximum power point can be preferably tracked by the intelligent global power MPPT and makes a significant contribution for energy saving.
Study on Hydropower Energy and its Future Changes in the Upper Yangtze River Basin under Climate Change
Authors: Zeng Xiao Fan , Zhao Na , Zhou Jian Zhong
Published: March 2013

Due to huge hydropower energy in the upper Yangtze River basin, discharge projection is very important for integrated water resources development and management under the background of regional climate change. Projections of river discharge at Yichang hydrological station under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios are studied by two kinds of methods. The projection results show that from 2011 to 2050, annual river discharge at Yichang hydrological station has no obvious trends, but future seasonal discharges have different trends under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, which increase the difficulties of utilization of hydropower energy in the upper Yangtze River basin.
Hot Ductility and Microstructure in Slab Shell of Low Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Hou Guo Qing , Zhu Liang
Published: March 2013

Hot ductility in slab shell of two types of low Ni austenitic stainless steels was investigated via tensile test. Results showed that, reduction of area (RA) in Cr17Mn6Ni4Cu2N decreased gradually from surface to inside. However, RA in Cr15Mn9Cu2NiN shell surface was low, and increased from surface to inside. Analysis suggested that, the difference of RA between the two steels due to the different solidification process. In the shell of former steel, δ ferrite solidifies as the primary phase, then transforms into austenite. The space between primary arms increases from surface to inside, leading to the decrease of hot ductility. In the latter steel, δ ferrite does not solidify entirely as the primary phase because of the high cooling rate, but austenite solidifies directly from the retained liquid between δ ferrite dendrites. The change of solidification mode is most obviously in slab surface, which decreases its hot ductility.
Design of Network Security Monitoring System with Mechanical Properties Suitable for LAN Based on ARP Deception
Authors: Lin Shao Feng , Li Xiao Peng
Published: March 2013

In the network security monitoring system, it is important to trace information source timely and accurately, which is an important way to investigate and collect evidence. But because of public network’s IP limited resources, LAN hosts usually share the public network’s IP resources by NAT way, and conceal internal network structure, which make the network security monitoring system unable to locate the real effective sensitive information source in LAN. Based on the study of WINPCAP network sniffing technology and the ARP deception protocol in exchange network environment, a network security monitoring system with mechanical properties suitable for LAN environment is designed and realized, which locate information source accurately through filtering and matching the sensitive information transmitting in LAN by setting the capture factors as key words of document, web site shared by FTP, QQ number etc.
Study on Controlling Electronic Resources System with Electronic Materials for Energy Saving
Authors: Tian Xian Zhi
Published: March 2013

In order to improve learning efficiency and save energy, the author has studied electronic resource system for autonomous leaning with its electronic materials and energy saving system. During the study course, some electronic materials had been investigated and some users had been made real survey to get the real condition and simulation condition. Therefore, some controlling measures had been put forward and some electronic materials had been scientifically studied. The author hopes that the study will help to improve learning efficiency and saving energy.
The Fuzzy PI Control for the DSTATCOM Based on the Instantaneous Power Balance
Authors: Yang Deng Xiang , Zhu Guang Yao , Zhu Qun Feng
Published: March 2013

Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) to the public through the connection point into the reactive power can adjust the voltage of public access point, so as to meet the voltage quality. First of all papers DSTATCOM system in accordance with the instantaneous power balance theory derived DSTATCOM voltage used to control the direct voltage control strategy. In the control strategy without current detection circuit with traditional cascade control, compared with the control is simple, the advantages of fast response. And voltage control strategy for the direct control of the controller by the system parameters impact the performance of larger defects, a direct voltage DSTATCOM fuzzy PI control strategy, so that the instantaneous power balance in accordance with the direct voltage control has better control performance.
Application of Variable Frequency Speed Control to Beam Pumping Units Based on Mechanical Properties in Mechanical Controlling Engineering
Authors: Peng Yong , Liu Xin
Published: March 2013

According to the present production conditions of the beam pumping unit and the features of low permeable oil field, in order to meet the need of low permeable oil field, a successful approach was invited to change the stroke frequency of beam pumping unit by comparing. By analyzing the past and present ways of adjusting stroke frequency, a new technology by adopting variable frequency speed control technology is introduced for adjusting stroke frequency, and its principle is simply described. Through the simulation of inverter and vvvf system based on Matlab software, it’s obvious that inverter could output better three-phase voltage and current diagrams, vvvf speed control system could output relative stable speed and torque in a certain range with robust abilities to overcome fluctuation.
Quasistationary and Dynamic Simulation of Summer Overheating of Passive Timber House
Authors: Němeček Martin , Kalousek Miloš
Published: March 2013

This paper presents simulation results of summer overheating of passive house in Dubňany - Czech Republic. The simulation was performed using the quasistationary method in the program SIMULACE and the dynamic method in the program BSim. Outputs from both programs are then compared. Since the simulation was performed on three structural variants, two timber houses and one brick house, the article also deals with different results from program BSim between these three structual systems.
Embodied Energy of Stabilized Rammed Earth
Authors: Stone Clayton , Katunský Dušan , Bagoňa Miloslav
Published: March 2013

The paper references a number of sources to create a compact account of the intrinsic energy, physical parameters and subsequent thermal potential of rammed earth that has been stabilized with Portland cement. The aim of this article is to show that a lower embodied energy does not necessarily reduce thermal comfort if careful consideration is given to design.
Modeling of Airport Rigid Pavement Structure Made of RCC and Recycled Cement Concrete for Complex Configuration of Landing Gears
Authors: Cojocaru Radu , Pais Jorge C. , Radu Andrei , Budescu Mihai
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the results of the research undertaken by the authors in the frame of the postdoctoral program 4D-POSTDOC. After a short introduction on the actual status of structural design of airport pavements including geometrical and loading characteristics of complex loading gears, the modeling and the structural design of airport rigid pavements, constructed with conventional and various recycled materials, using the finite element method, is described. The main objective of this research program was to elaborate a design method which, beside the complex landing gear including six footprint tires, all specific parameters related with the recycled materials and with conventional and reinforce rolled compacted concrete (RCC) technologies are included. Finally, practical design diagrams for structural design of the concrete slabs, including their specific correlation function, used for the construction of the Airbus-A380 runway are presented.
2D Model of Capillary Transport of Water in Aerated Concrete
Authors: Sikula Ondrej , Mohapl Martin
Published: March 2013

Aerated concrete from the viewpoint of the transport of liquid moisture appears to be a material with highly variable properties strongly dependent on the porosity and liquid water exposure conditions. Saturation degree of aerated concrete strongly affects not only all its thermal-technical properties, but regarding to the risk freezing, also the strength properties. To predict the degree of saturation and moisture distribution, we used certain mathematical and physical methods supplemented with experimentally identified parameters. The aim of this paper is to discuss existing approaches to model capillary moisture transport in aerated concrete and description of the new, simplified 2D computer mathematical-physical model for the solution of this phenomenon. The results of the model are compared with experiments carried out. The conclusion discusses the limits of this new model, and mentions further possibilities for its improvement.
Amino-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for the Preparation of Electroactive Polyurea Composites with Improved Electrical Properties
Authors: Yeh Lu Chen , Huang Tsao Cheng , Yeh Jui Ming
Published: March 2013

Multiwalled carbon nanotube/electroactive polyurea (MWCNT/EPU) composites have been synthesized through oxidative coupling polymerization. The amino functional groups on AF-MWCNTs provided an opportunity to react with oligoaniline in oxidative coupling polymerization process. UV-visible spectra reveals that the quinoid ring on the EPU interact with MWCNTs. The results of the cyclic voltammetry studies indicate enhanced electrochemical properties for efficient electron/charge transfers behavior of MWCNT/EPU composites.
Effects of Carbonization Temperature and Nanoporous Silica Templating on the Synthesis of Porous Carbon from Commercial Sugar
Authors: Buasri Achanai , Pholprasert Chanokkamon , Suwunnakee Natthaporn , Phuchainan Tanapat , Loryuenyong Vorrada
Published: March 2013

Porous carbons were synthesized from commercial sugar via microporous silica template method in order to control the micropore structure of carbon. The silica template used in this study had a uniform particle size, a specific surface area of 991 m2/g and an average pore size of 2 nm. The effects of carbonization temperature and the content of silica template were investigated. The results showed that the carbonization temperature of 800→C and 50%SiO2/C yielded the maximum methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacity. However, due to microporous nature, a partial dissolution of the silica template with HF solution occurred and blocked the pore entrance, reducing the adsorption capacity and specific surface area of carbon. The specific surface area as high as 1,134 m2/g was, therefore, achieved with porous carbons synthesized without nanoporous silica template.
Experimental Investigation on Viscosity of Nanofluids
Authors: Wang Xian Ju , Wang Zhou Fei , Li Zheng Zhang
Published: March 2013

The effects due to fluid pH and dispersant concentration on the dynamic viscosity for the Al2O3–water and TiO2–water nanofluids had been experimentally investigated. The viscosity of the two kinds of nanofluids was measured using capillary viscometers. The experimental results showed that there exists an optimized value of pH (pH≈8.0) at which the viscosities of the two nanofluids take their minima values. The experimental results also showed that the influence of dispersant concentration on the viscosity of Al2O3–water suspension was relatively large comparing with that of the TiO2–water nanofluid, and the dispersion of alumina powder is poorer than that of titanium dioxide powder at the same pH value and same mass fraction.
Experimental Study on Ball-End Milling of C/C Composite
Authors: Shan Chen Wei , Zhao Ying , Cui Dong Peng
Published: March 2013

Along with the development of high speed machining technology, the ball end milling cutter’s application is more and more widely. An influence of four control parameters, namely feed, cutting depth, spindle speed and cutting width, on cutting forces is investigated. This paper focuses on experimental research of milling process of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite (C/C composite). The milling force prediction model for milling of composite using the carbide ball-end tools is built by orthogonal experiment. The experiment results show that : the reliability of the this prediction model is quite high, and the effect of milling speed on milling force is not very obvious, but the milling force increases with the increment of feed per tooth, milling depth and milling width. Using this information, a new prediction model for the milling forces is proposed that can be used for C/C composite milling.
Synthesis of Silica Microspheres Filler for PDMS
Authors: Gu Wen Juan , Li Ying , Zhang Xiao Hui , Li Hou Bin
Published: March 2013

A new kind of silica microspheres were first synthesized with chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (WD30) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by sol-gel method. And hybrid membrane was prepared by incorporating the as prepared filler into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The IR, swelling density(Dsw) and mechanical properties of these composites membranes were studied by means of IR analysis and tensile testing. The experimental results showed that both mechanical properties of these composites were significantly improved by using the as-synthesized filler. The filler synthesized in this research not only increased the volume and reduce the cost of HPDMS, but also reacted with the PDMS. The vulcanztion density was increasedwith the interaction between the filler and the PDMS chains. This new kind of silica microspheres is an effective reinforcement filler for PDMS composite.
Multifunctional Integration Equipment Design and Construction Technology Research
Authors: Guo Jing Bo , Chen Jun , Liu Jin Zhi , Niu Jing Chuan
Published: March 2013

In the face of situation that the overall technology of tunnel mechanization construction is relatively backward in our country in recent years, a new type of mechanization supporting construction equipment which is suitable for the national conditions of our country is developed, and the corresponding construction technology is formulated. The equipment that set many functions in one can effectively improve the subway tunnel construction efficiency and reduce cost, and it provides a kind of new thought for the acceleration of China's subway tunnel construction mechanization.
The Study of Current and Voltage Needle for Li-Ion Battery Formation
Authors: Han Liang , Xiao Feng , Wang Shen Wang
Published: March 2013

In recent years, the environmental and rechargeable Li-ion battery has become a hot spot in new energy technology field. The performance of Li-ion battery is in a large part affected by the advanced special equipment. The current and voltage needle is an important part in the special equipment. Based on the existing current and voltage needle, the paper designs a new current and voltage needle which is used for Li-ion battery formation. In this paper, we make a detailed analysis of mechanical structure and point out the superiority compared with the existing current and voltage needle. Cooperating with other formation equipment, it has achieved good economic benefits for the enterprise.
Numerical Study of Improving Aerodynamic Performance of the Cylinder Airfoil of Magnus Wind Turbine
Authors: Yao Qi , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou Liang , Wu Jin Ming , Li Jian Guang
Published: March 2013

To solve the problem of low lift to drag ratio of Magnus cylinder airfoil, the Computational Fluid Dynamics software Fluent was used to study the principle of a drop of the drag force of cylinder when rotating. And the principle was used to further reduce the drag of rotating cylinder. A traditional airfoil head and a triangle tail was used to study the effect of the aerodynamic performance change of the combined airfoil. A conclusion was made that with a suitable profile of the tail would reduce the drag force of the combined airfoil thus increase the lift to drag ratio of the airfoil. At last an orthogonal test was made to determine the size of the tail airfoil. The result show that the optimized airfoil reduce the drag force to 50% of the original cylinder and improve the lift to drag ratio to 50%.
Study of a Model for the Evaluation of the Heat Losses from Electric Cables Buried According to the Norm Standard
Authors: de Lieto Vollaro R. , Vallati A.
Published: March 2013

The capacity of electrical cables buried in the same cross section depends on the capacity to dispose of heat into the ground around him. This depends on many factors: soil characteristics, moisture, installation mode etc. The CEI 20-21 regarding the uses expressions that sometimes are not very cautious and dimensioning of insufficient capacities for cables. This work has been done a study of the behavior of underground cable based on using a forecasting model that uses the techniques of cfd. This model was validated with a physical model in miniature, made from data collected in situ measurement campaigns carried out in underground conduits in the province of Foggia (Italy) that allowed the choice of the mesh to get more 'correct solution to of the problem. Thus it was possible to evaluate the differences with the CEI and attribute the correction factors that lead to more realistic values.
Time-Frequency Correlation Method for Improving the Accuracy in Detecting Leaks in Pipelines
Authors: Avramchuk Valeriy Stepanovich , Goncharov Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: March 2013

This report offers the solution that allows increasing the correlation leak detectors accuracy to a certain extend. This solution is based on signals frequency spectrum data and signal analysis time-frequency correlation method development. The idea is to analyze the correlation of two signals, to determine valid signal frequency limits and to set on this basis frequency filters parameters to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Device for the Experimental Determination of Control Objects' Mathematical Models
Authors: Goncharov Valerij I. , Onufriev Vadim A. , Ilyin Ilya O.
Published: March 2013

Authors review methods of determining a plant’s mathematical model. Then, they show a numerical method of pulse automatic control systems’ (ACS) identification, focused on computer technology, the interpolation procedure and iterative methods of approximation to the desired solution. The basis of the approach is the method of inverse problems of dynamics and real interpolation method for calculating the linearized dynamical systems. An algorithm and the mobile device designed for the identification of facilities management in operational conditions are proposed. There is results’ application in the conclusion.
Gasifying Kinetics Analysis on Mixing Municipal Solid Waste and Sludge
Authors: Kong Song Tao , Cai Ping , Zhao Li Jun , Wei Jiang Tao
Published: March 2013

To gasify the mixture of sludge coming from urban sewage treatment residual and MSW is an ideal way to control the combustion of dioxins and other substances which pollute the atmosphere. Due to the complex composition of MSW and changing rapidly in the gasification parameters as much as possible, engineering require main ingredients and calorific value. The main ingredients of typical municipal sewage sludge and MSW are measured on thermobalance pyrolysis. The kinetics parameters of the gasification reaction are obtained, such as the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. These parameters synthesis mixture parameters provide the basis for hybrid gasification of the actual sludge and MSW reactor design, construction and operation.
Potential for Persulfate Degradation of Semi Volatile Organic Compounds Contamination
Authors: Gu Zhen Yu , Zhong Zhong , Qiu Zhi , Sun Fu Cheng , Zhang Zong Lin
Published: March 2013

Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are common contaminants found in brownfield sites that used to be agrochemical plants, chemical storage sites, and industrial areas. Chemical oxidation showed great potential to provide a rapid, cost-effective approach for SVOCs contaminate sites. Chemical oxidation using persulfate was demonstrated by degrading both lab samples and on-site samples from a local o-ansidine contaminated site in this study. The soil samples were mixed with persulfate at different ratios, while adding supplements for the purpose of persulfate thermal activation and pH control. Experiments for optimal usage and treatment duration were also investigated to provide guidance for following demonstration project. Soil samples were analyzed before and after the treatments to compare the o-ansidine concentration changes. The results suggested an optimal ratio of persulfate at 0.5% (in w/w) for this study, with 90% or more removal of most samples in 3 days, at an average cost of oxidants per ton of soil around 800 RMB. This study demonstrated the potential of persulfate oxidation as a novel and reliable approach for o-ansidine contaminated soil, as well as the possibility of extending the remediation concept for other organic contamination scenarios. In addition, persulfate oxidation could also be combined with other remediation technology in future due to its simplicity and convenience.
A New Method for Predicting the Net Heat of Combustion of Organic Compounds
Authors: Cao Hong Yin , Wang Rui
Published: March 2013

A quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model for prediction of standard net heat of combustion (ΔH0c) was developed based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) method coupled with the partial least square (PLS) for variable selection. For developing this model, a diverse set of 1650 organic compounds were used, and 1481 molecular descriptors were calculated for every compound. Four molecular descriptors were screened out as the parameters of the model, which was finally constructed using multi-linear regression (MLR) method. The squared correlation coefficient R2of the model was 0.995 for the training set of 1322 compounds. For the test set of 328 compounds, the corresponding R2was 0.996. The results of this study showed that an accurate prediction model for ΔH0ccould be obtained by using the ant colony optimization method. Moreover, this study can provide a new way for predicting the ΔH0cof organic compounds for engineering based on only their molecular structures.
Characteristic of Eggshell in Substitution of Hydroxyapatite in Biomedical Appliances
Authors: Hassan Syed Mohd Hasif Wafa Bin Syed Mohd , Amir Amalina Binti , Arman Robi Arsam Bin , Latif Saiful Bahari Bin Mohd , Hashim Muhammad Abdul Hakim , Ismail Muhammad Hussain
Published: March 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most versatile materials used for implantation purpose due to its similarity to natural bone material with a composition around 70% of our bone. Not only that, it is regarded as attractive biomedical materials because of their outstanding bioactivities and non toxicity. The purposes of this particular project are mainly to produce HAp powder by utilizing eggshell waste as its main raw material as well as to study the effectiveness of eggshell substitution in HAp on mechanical behaviour. The process involves drying and thermal decomposition of eggshell followed by hydrothermal reaction at low temperature with di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate and water. After that, the next process that takes place will involve compacting of the powder at pressure of 80 kg/cm2and sintering at temperature of 900-1300oC. Therefore, by using the suitable synthesizing method together with the workable sintering schedule for each synthesizing process, the optimized microstructure and properties of sintered HAp can be prepared.
Thermodynamic Properties of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Lithium-Yttrium-Aluminium-Silicate Glasses
Authors: Han Xiao Zhe , Li Yu Hua , Ma Tie Cheng , Wang Zhi Qiang , Zhao Xin , Lin Hai
Published: March 2013

hermodynamic properties including characteristic temperatures and thermal parameters of rare-earth (RE) ions doped lithium-yttrium-aluminium-silicate (LYAS) glasses have been investigated. Glass transition temperature (Tg), onset crystallization temperature (Tx), crystallization temperature (Tc), temperature difference value (DT) and Saad-Poulain criterion (S) in Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped LYAS glasses are obtained to be 814, 1008, 1043, 194 and 8.34 °C, respectively, and the corresponding values of Sm3+ doped LYAS glasses are derived to be 825, 1002, 1053, 177 and 10.94 °C. Evaluations on thermodynamic properties indicate that LYAS glasses are a promising candidate for drawing optical fibers in the temperature range of 850−950 °C.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Produced Ni-B-W Coatings
Authors: Yildiz Rasid Ahmed , Göksenli Ali , Yüksel Be Hiye , Muhaffel Faiz , Aydeniz Ali
Published: March 2013

The present work deals with the formation of Ni-B-W coating on steel by electroless plating process and evaluation of their corrosion resistance after applying heat treatments at different temperatures for 1 h. The Ni-B-W coating was prepared using alkaline borohydride- reduced electroless nickel bath. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface cross-sectional view of the electroless Ni-B-W coating was analyzed and layer characteristics was investigated. Coating structure was investigated using XRD. The study reveals that the Ni-B-W coating is amorphous in their as-plated condition and upon heat treatment at 400 0C for 1 h, Ni-B-W coating crystallize and produce nickel and nickel borides in the coatings. Annealing temperature dependence of the corrosion resistance of the coating was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. These results show that the Ni–B-W coating annealed at 650 0C exhibit better corrosion resistance than those of coatings with other annealing temperature. The corrosion resistance increased after the crystallisation of the coating, due to factors like; decrease of porosity and internal stress and the formation of tungsten oxide on the surface acting as a protective layer.
Machining and Tool Wear Mechanisms during Machining Titanium Alloys
Authors: Pramanik Alokesh , Islam M.N. , Basak Animesh , Littlefair Guy
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates the machining mechanism of titanium alloys and analyses those understandings systematically to give a solid understanding with latest developments on machining of titanium alloys. The chip formation mechanism and wear of different cutting tools have been analyzed thoroughly based on the available literature. It is found that the deformation mechanism during machining of titanium alloys is complex and it takes place through several processes. Abrasion, attrition, diffusion–dissolution, thermal crack and plastic deformation are main tool wear mechanisms.
A Study on Various Process Parameters Involved in Detonation Gun Coating Technique
Authors: Balan K.N. , Bapu B.R. Ramesh , Roy Rituraj
Published: March 2013

Various researches are being conducted in many parts of the world, to improve the surface characteristics of the materials. Thermal spray coating is one of the methods used for enhancing the surface property of the material. Our experiment deals with the study of detonation gun spray coating of WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and Cr2C3-25NiCr powders. The coating was done on SS316 substrate by varying the process parameters. The process parameters were optimized using Taguchi method to obtain greater hardness.
A Repair Technology of Anti-Cavitation and Anti-Abrasion on Water Pump Impeller
Authors: Yao Hai Bin , Zhang Xiang , You Wen Ming , Li Yong Sheng , Mao Lu Ming
Published: March 2013

In this paper, some common repair schemes of anti-cavitation and anti-abrasion on water pump impeller are compared. The method of repair welding is firstly applied to repair the corrosion perforation on the impeller, and then Belzona polymer material is applied to paint the impeller. After using for a long time, it is confirmed that the coating of this technology is qualified with good anti-cavitation and anti-abrasion ability, which can save energy, reduce consumption and also has obvious economic benefits.
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Jute Using Blender Combined with Chemical Pretreatments
Authors: Duan Ling , Wang Hong Bin , Yu Wei Dong
Published: March 2013

Jute nanofibers were prepared by treating jute fibers with chemical pretreatments then applying blender finishing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the structure of the jute fibers changed significantly after 20 times blender. Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) images showed that the jute nanofibers exhibited web structure, with diameter in the range of 80-250 nm, and length of more than a few micrometers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that hemicellulose and lignin were removed extensively after chemical treatments.The results of X-ray analysis (XRD) indicated that the degree of crystallinity increased compared with the raw material, with the crystallinity approximately 66.27% for jute nano fibers.
Investigation of Deformation Behavior during Cold Rolling Cladding Process of Four-Layer Composite Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Su Li Hong , Lu Cheng , Deng Guan Yu , Tieu Kiet , Li Jin Tao , Zhu Hong Tao , Li Hui Jun , Sun Xu Dong
Published: March 2013

Two different types of aluminum alloys of AA5005 and AA6061 were used to fabricate four-layer laminated composite materials by the cold rolling cladding technology. The original sheet metals were annealed at 500 °C for three hours to achieve equiaxed microstructures, with an average grain size of 50 µm for AA5005 and 38 µm for AA6061. Tensile tests of these two alloys have been conducted and the results were used as the input parameters to build the finite element model. The influences of sample assembling order and frictional conditions on the deformation behavior have been studied in the present work. In the experiments, very good bonding with no delamination between four layers was attained. Similar hardness has been observed for both AA5005 layer (about 79.6 Hv) and AA6061 layer (about 80.3 Hv) in the laminated composite materials.
A Study on the Aluminum Alloy AA1050 Severely Deformed by Non-Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Deng G.Y. , Lu C. , Su L.H. , Li J.T. , Zhu H.T. , Liu X.H. , Tieu K.
Published: March 2013

In order to improve the efficiency of grain refinement, a study on the modified process (called Non-equal channel angular pressing) from the conventional equal channel angular pressing has been conducted. The deformation behavior of aluminum alloy AA1050 deformed by the Non-equal channel angular pressing which has a smaller width in the exit channel than the entry channel was examined based on the finite element simulations. The results revealed that a smaller ratio of dE and dI (dE/dI) leads to a larger equivalent plastic strain. It is not only beneficial to enhance the plastic deformation but also very helpful to get rid of the development of dead zone in the outer corner of die by decreasing the exit channel width by comparing with the conventional process.
The Effect of Surface Treatment on Composites of Water Hyacinth Natural Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin
Authors: Saputra Asep Handaya , Difandra Arinta , Pitaloka Alia Badra
Published: March 2013

Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed which has potential of natural fiber as raw material of composites. The mechanical properties and the availability of water hyacinth in tropical country are a potential that could be developed as natural fiber in composite. In this experiment, surface of water hyacinth treated by silane coupling agent for adhering with epoxy resin. Dry water hyacinth can be obtained by cold pressed and hot pressed which the temperature are varied. The tensile strength of water hyacinth that hot pressed treatment at 110 oC, is 28.36 N/mm2. Silane coupling agent is used for surface treatment. The immersion time of Dry water hyacinth in silane coupling agent is varied from 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The Composite with 15 minutes of immersion time of water hyacinth has the highest bending strength (20.524 N/mm2). From SEM observations showed that the influence of the silane coupling agent is very significant.
Exploration of the Hakka Traditional Ware Design From Product View
Authors: Huang Jin Fa , Jiang Yang , Cheng Jin Xia
Published: March 2013

The culture included in Hakka traditional ware with theoretical and practical value for application was generalized on the basis of analyzing the traditional Hakka culture. The breakthrough point between traditional quintessential culture and modern design was explored from the angle of design. Varieties of Hakka shaping elements with vivid characteristics were found through Hakka traditional design elements, and incorporated into modern design to be a means to serve regional culture and economy. Meanwhile, we further analyzed the traditional conception of making wares for Hakka, and clarified its beneficial influence on developing spiritual and material civilization of Hakka. The development of modern product design and the association between the design elements of traditional Hakka wares and conception of making wares were pointed out to be not only the case of individual designers, but also involved the cooperation between designers and the masses. The Hakka traditional culture of ware design has important influence on promoting modern product design. To protect excellent traditional culture, propagandize and develop national characteristic culture, idiographic design activities must be done.
Research on Product Identity Design Based on Kansei Image in Mechanic Equipment
Authors: Wang Peng , Su Jian Ning , Hu Chi Bing , Zhang Shu Tao
Published: March 2013

On the study of Kansei engineering and product identity, This paper presents the key methods and process of product identity design on Kansei image, including locating the Kansei image space, identifying the design feature space, mapping relation between Kansei image and design elements, mining product semantic. The research also establishes the Kansei image space model on the three cognitive dimensions of visual, quality and brand, and summarizes the design of processes and methods. In those aspects, some Kansei engineering methods are used to achieve industrial design, such as KJ method, SD method, Principal component analysis method, Quantification-I theory method. It is verified after the practical application of Hongshan testing machine that the method and process is reasonable and feasible.
Design and Development of Electro-Discharge Drilling Process
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Inderdeep
Published: March 2013

There still exist numerous difficulties in generating holes in super alloys, advanced materials and metal matrix composite materials. Electro-discharge drilling (EDD) is a proficient drilling process for the hole making and hole grinding resulting from its characteristics of being a conductive and a thermal process. The EDD process has been investigated with the developed set-up. A EDD set up has been designed and developed as part of the present investigation. The experiments have been conducted on the constant input parameters. This type of process is generally unstable, but its efficiency is very high. The process parameter has been compared with EDM process. The MRR of EDD process has been found to increase as compared to the EDM process. However, this process has a serious problem caused by the tool wear rate, which significantly deteriorates the machining accuracy.
Localization Research of Industrial Design Based on Shaanxi Folk Art
Authors: Chen Li Ling , Chen Jun Xuan , Wang Shu Xia
Published: March 2013

As a very wide range of creation and perception mode, industrial design is reflecting on the various aspects of our “basic necessities”. But because of the geographical and ethnic differences, the single industrial products could not meet the demand of different countries and crowd with different cultural background. Therefore, industrial design based on the localization of regional folk art will become an important strategy to storming the global market. Shaanxi folk art has its own unique design language, accurate and clear design theme, which contains the wisdom of folk artists and their all emotions. Trying to understand Shaanxi Folk Art, it includes three parts: “Form”, “Implication” and “Spirit”, with the elements of Shaanxi folk art, such as creation thought, cultural content, and form constitute and color accumulation; it would nurture the cultural vitality of the localization design.
Effect of Concentration and Loading Fluid of Nanofluids on the Thermal Resistance of Sintered Powder Wick Heat Pipe
Authors: Putra Nandy , Septiadi Wayan Nata , Irwansyah Ridho
Published: March 2013

Heat pipes have been widely used as one of the alternative methods to absorb more heat in the cooling systems of electronic devices. One of the ways to improve the thermal performance of heat pipes is to change the fluid transport properties and flow features of working fluids using nanofluids. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Al2O3-water nanofluids concentration and fluid loading to the thermal resistance between evaporator and adiabatic section of copper straight sintered copper powder wick heat pipe. In this research, sintered powder wick heat pipes were manufactured and tested to determine the thermal resistance of the sintered powder wick heat pipes which charged with water and Al2O3-water nanofluids. The concentrations of the nanoparticles were varied from 1 %, 3% and 5 % of the volume of the base fluid. The result shows that Al2O3-water nanofluids have the ability to reduce the temperature at the evaporator section and the thermal resistance of heat pipe. The increase in nanofluids concentration could give significant effect to reduce the thermal resistance of heat pipes. The amount of working fluid charged into the heat pipes also gives an effect in heat pipes thermal resistance, where the thermal resistance was lower when the heat pipe was charged with 60% of its volume. The formation of coating layer at sintered powder wick also can fixed the wick porosity and cause roughness on the surface of granular pore which the increased of capillary could give the effect for enhancement of heat pipe performance.
Research on XML-Based Exchanging System between Databases
Authors: Li Wen Jie , Liu Si , Hu Yu
Published: March 2013

In homogeneous or heterogeneous databases, the main direction of research on XML-based information interaction between databases is taking XML as middleware to realize the information exchange between data in the environment of small and medium-sized databases. Considering the insufficiency of the traditional text file-based information interaction method, the paper puts forward an XML-based method of information exchanging between databases, and the corresponding database exchanging system is developed. The utmost feature and advantage of the system is taking hibernate XML mapping table file for converting middleware to realize information interaction between databases. The experiment result shows that the system provides a certain reference value for data mining and data warehouse.
Excavation Dynamics and Control of Shallow Lunar Soil Sampling Manipulator
Authors: Liang Lei , Wang Hong Liu , Zhao Yang
Published: March 2013

The lunar soil excavation dynamics and control are complicated because of the high coupling among manipulator, backhoe device and lunar soil with uncertain parameters. To solve this problem, a multi-body dynamic model, regard the lunar soil backhoe device as the terminal link of the manipulator is developed using supposed link method, and then the excavation dynamics is modeling on the combination of the multi-body dynamic and Balovnev soil-tool interaction formula. Based on this model, an excavation trajectory tracking controller is realized via fuzzy-computed torque method. To reduce the affection of the excavation resistance to control precision, online lunar soil parameters estimation is held in the early stage of the excavation process, and the excavation resistance compensation, determined by those estimation results, is added to the tracking controller using feed-forward form. Simulation results indicate that the controller effective, which has the characteristics of fast tracking and high control precision.