bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Approach to Measuring the Multidimensional Productivity Index: A Reiteration of Global Productivity Convergence
Authors: Rosid Md Harun Or , Xuefeng Zhao , Sultana Reajmin , Hasan Najmul
Published: June 2022

The undeniable significance of production has prompted experts to explore further the competitive productivity of various nations across the globe. Despite the importance of global productivity competitiveness, prior studies have not included a comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional productivity index (MPI). Therefore, this study aims to achieve two objectives. First, it extends the scope of prior studies by integrating capital as an input alongside labor and energy consumption, based on 50 factors under 11 indices (including democracy, global competitiveness, and innovation index). Second, global competitive productivity convergence is reaffirmed and expanded. This study employed secondary panel data from 2007 to 2018, and 60,000 data points were obtained from 100 nations. The results reveal that the USA is the most productive country, followed by China, India, and Japan in the context of global competitive productivity. Regional productivity scores show that Asia has a superior productivity rank compared to Europe. However, Africa is performing worse than average. Unlike earlier studies, this study shows that macroeconomic, innovation and infrastructural variables mainly determine the MPI score. The main finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in total factor productivity (TFP) among the developed, developing, and least developed countries. Also, there is no significant influence of regions or alliances on TFP across the countries, confirming the global convergence in competitive productivity. The novelty of this study is that certain statistical evidence accurately portrays global competitiveness in terms of productivity.
Strategic Trends of Organizations in the Context of New Perspectives of Sustainable Competitiveness
Authors: Vrabcova Pavla , Urbancova Hana , Hudakova Monika
Published: June 2022

The business that is not focused solely on short-term profits and takes sustainability principles into account can be called a sustainable business. In contrast, the sustainable competitive advantage is the basis of business performance. This article discusses the benefits of selected strategic trends for sustainable competitiveness. The sustainability approach has rarely been considered in the competitiveness studies examined. An appropriate framework for its sustainable competitiveness requires taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions on the one hand and the consideration of all stakeholders on the other one. While global corporations have been integrating sustainable business into their strategies, this important step to make still awaits Czech organizations. The main goal of the study was to identify strategic trends implemented by the selected Czech organizations aiming at ensuring competitive advantage and evaluating the orientation of organizations depending on the selected variables. The factor analysis was used (principal component method, varimax method), and the dependencies of the organizations´ orientation and the identifying variables from the questionnaire survey (n1 = 183) and focus groups (n2 = 8) were tested. The results from the questionnaire survey and focus groups have revealed six factors, namely, the integrated management system, employee development, CSR reporting, the organizational structure for innovation development, succession planning, and knowledge continuity.
The Ratio of RAGE Isoforms Is Affected by HMGB1 and Its Truncated Form Only in A549 but not in H1299 Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Todorova Jordana , Petrova Maria , Pasheva Evdokia , Ugrinova Iva
Published: June 2022

The Receptor of Advanced Glycated End products (RAGE) could exist in two forms, a membrane bound and a soluble one. RAGE is highly expressed during embryonic development and decreases in all tissues except the lung in adult organisms. Lung RAGE mediates lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, etc. The lung cancers, among the most invasive of tumours, are reported to express low levels of RAGE. A specific RAGE ligand is the nuclear protein HMGB1. We examined the effect of HMGB1 and its truncated form lacking the C-tail (HMGB1ΔC) on RAGE expression in NSCLC cancer cell lines with different invasive capacity: A549 with better prognosis and H1299 with negative outcome. In A549 upon addition of ligands two important results are observed: (i) total RAGE expression is augmented 1.5 times and 1.7 times for HMGB1 and HMGB1ΔC, respectively, and (ii), a full-length membrane variant (flRAGE) is observed and in the presence of HMGB1ΔC its expression is comparable with the soluble one. In control H1299 lung cancer cells the dominant form of RAGE was the flRAGE while sRAGE represents one third of the whole amount of the receptor. HMGB1 and HMGB1ΔC do not affect the total RAGE amount and the ratio between flRAGE and sRAGE. In the case of lung cancer, the higher amount of RAGE is related to better prognoses and less metastatic ability which means that the stimulation of RAGE expression by HMGB1 and HMGB1ΔC in A549 is considered a positive tendency. In the case of the more aggressive lung cancer H1299 both ligands do not change the RAGE behaviour and in this way do not affect the invasive potential of the cancer cells.
Robust Adaptive Control for Robot Manipulators Trajectory Tracking Based on Iterative Learning Observer with Time-delay
Authors: Fu Xingjian , He Jiahui
Published: June 2022

For the trajectory tracking of the robot manipulators, the robust adaptive control based on iterative learning observer is designed. The robot manipulators model is given, and an iterable dynamic equation is obtained by linearizing the model. An iterative learning observer is designed, so that the output state of the observer can converge to the actual state of the system and the convergence analysis of the observer is also given. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the robust adaptive controller is given to ensure that the trajectory tracking error of the robot manipulators gradually approaches zero. Finally, the double joint robot manipulators systems are simulated, and the results verify the effectiveness of the method.
Combined Artificial Collapse and Assisted Hatching Increase the Success Rate in Frozen Embryo Transfer
Authors: Valkova Lyuboslava , Milachich Tanya , Timeva Tanya , Shterev Atanas
Published: June 2022

Human embryo cryopreservation is a contemporary procedure, widely used  in assisted reproductive technology. It is of exceptional importance to assess all existing methods for improving embryo survival rate and increasing pregnancy and live birth rates. In the present study we examine the effects of artificial collapse on the survival rate of vitrified blastocysts and the impact of assisted hatching on the clinical pregnancy rate when frozen embryo transfer is performed. In addition we provide statistically significant data demonstrating the beneficial effect of combination of these procedures on the success rate for pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer. Embryologists might benefit from the approaches presented in this study in order to improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
GPs' View on Barriers to Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: A Bulgarian Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tsigarovski Georgi , Kamenov Zdravko , Foreva Gergana , Assenova Radost , Mateva Nonka , Postadzhiyan Arman
Published: June 2022

Epidemiological studies show that erectile dysfunction (ED) is widespread worldwide and its prevalence tends to increase. ED influences quality of life, preceding or accompanying different diseases and it is a proven risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Different factors were found impeding patients to discuss the ED problem during the consultations.
The aim of the study is to identify GPs’ view on barriers to patients with ED.
A cross-sectional study, using questionnaire, was conducted among randomly selected GPs. For the statistical analysis descriptive statistics, chisquared test, Fisher’s exact test and SPSS 17.0 were used. The sample is nationally representative. Only 3% of all participants believe that patients share ED-related problems easily. The following most common barriers for the patients were identified by GPs: Inappropriate conditions – lack of privacy and lack of time in the doctor’s office (62.8%); embarrassment (60.2%), and the patient expects the erectile problem to be resolved spontaneously (55.0%). Physicians’ personal characteristics age, gender and education affect their perception for the role of the different factors.
Embarrassment remains among the leading barriers for the consultation about ED. At the same time there is a national specific barrier, connected with the organization of primary health care. Another important direction is education. Knowledge of the barriers is a prerequisite for their overcoming. Further researches are needed.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Bulgarian Children with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kofinova Denitza , Yordanova Iglika , Hadzhiyski Petyo , Shentova-Eneva Rayna , Baycheva Mila , Todorova Albena , Avdjieva-Tzavella Daniela
Published: June 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial, highly prevalent liver disease in children. There is growing evidence that some genetic variants are associated with its development and rapid progression. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms – PNPLA3 I148M, GCKR P446L, TM6SF2 E167K in Bulgarian children with NAFLD.

We conducted a single-centre, prospective study of 32 children (22 patients with NAFLD and 10 healthy controls). Genetic testing and abdominal ultrasound were performed in all study participants. In the patients with NAFLD were additionally analyzed anthropometric parameters and standard biochemical tests, 10 of them underwent a liver biopsy for assessing disease activity and fibrosis.

The most common polymorphism was GCKR P446L, detected in 75% of the studied population, followed by PNPLA3 I148M (50.0% of the studied population) and TM6SF2 E167K (9.4% of the studied population). The GCKRP446L gene variant was more common in patients with NAFLD than in healthy controls (86.4% vs. 50.0%, p = 0:03). Furthermore, significantly more patients with NAFLD were homozygous carriers of GCKR P446L compared to healthy controls (54.5% vs. 10.0%, p = 0:025). Both patients with histologically proven significant liver fibrosis were carriers of GCKR P446L.

In the present study we found a high prevalence of GCKR P446L polymorphism among children with NAFLD, suggesting that this gene variant is associated with development of NAFLD in the Bulgarian pediatric population.
Covid-19 i Danmark: Ind i og ud af krisen
Authors: Christensen Jørgen Grønnegaard
Published: June 2022

Artiklen giver først en kort oversigt over covid-19-håndteringens forløb fra krisens udbrud i 2020 til 2022, hvor der er en forventning om covid-19’s forvandling fra en alvorlig og svært kontrollabel sygdom til en endemisk viruslidelse. Næste afsnit gennemgår krisens politiske og administrative beslutningsprocesser, dels under selve krisen i strikt forstand, dels i den lange fase hvor det har handlet om administrativt og politisk at håndtere et samfundsproblem, som ikke ville gå væk. Det sidste afsnit tager krisehåndteringens ret alvorlige kvalitative aspekter op. Det drejer sig om de demokratiske problemer, som krisehåndteringen snarere end krisen aktualiserede, det faglige beslutningsgrundlag (sundhedsfagligt, juridisk, økonomisk og adfærdsvidenskabeligt) og endelig spørgsmålet om, hvordan man kvalitetssikrer krisehåndteringen.
Kritiske blikk på myndighetenes krisehåndtering
Authors: Koht Harald
Published: June 2022

Dette er en bokmelding av Helge Renå: Krisehåndtering i et organisasjonsperspektiv: politiinnsatsen 22. juli (Cappelen Damm 2022) og Frode Fanebust med Marie Smith-Solbakken: Katastrofe og korrupsjon: det skjulte spillet etter Aleksander L. Kielland-ulykken (Res Publica, Oslo 2022)
Thrombocytopenia and increased risk of adverse outcome in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yuan Yang , Wang Gang , Chen Xi , Ye Xiao-Lei , Li Xiao-Kun , Li Rui , Jiang Wan-Li , Zeng Hao-Long , Du Juan , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Li Hao , Fang Li-Qun , Lu Qing-Bin , Liu Wei
Published: June 2022

Background

Thrombocytopenia was common in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the infection, while the role of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 pathogenesis and its relationship with systemic host response remained obscure. The study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients and clinical, haematological and biochemical markers of the disease as well as adverse outcomes.

Methods

To assess the relationship between abnormal platelet levels and disease progression, a multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. COVID-19 patients with thrombocytopenia and a sub-cohort of matched patients without thrombocytopenia were compared for their clinical manifestations, haematological disorders, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers and clinical outcome.

Results

Thrombocytopenia was present in 127 of 2,209 analyzed patients on admission. Compared with the control group, thrombocytopenia patients developed significantly higher frequency of respiratory failure (41.9% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.020), intensive care unit entrance (25.6% vs. 11.5%, P = 0.012), disseminated intravascular coagulation (45.2% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001), more altered platelet morphology indexes and coagulation perturbation, higher levels of inflammatory markers. In addition, a significantly increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 3.08, 95% confidence interval 2.26–4.18, P < 0.001) was also observed in the patients with thrombocytopenia. Late development of thrombocytopenia beyond 14 days post-symptom was observed in 61 patients, from whom a comparable mortality rate yet longer duration to death was observed compared to those with early thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions

Our finding from this study adds to previous evidence that thrombocytopenia is associated with adverse outcome of the disease and recommend that platelet count and indices be included alongside other haematological, biochemical and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients’ assessment during the hospital stay.
Trends in Export of Major Agricultural Commodities and Products from India
Authors: Prahadeeswaran M. , Balaji R. , Senthilnathan S. , Lavanya S. Moghana , Gurunathan S.
Published: June 2022

India's agricultural products export touched $ 50 billion for the financial year FY22, the highest level ever achieved. Basmati and Non-basmati rice are major exports and doubled during 2010-20 compared to 2000-2010. Export value of basmati and non-basmati rice were about Rs. 32,000 crores and Rs. 23,000 crores respectively during 2019-20. Exports of processed vegetables, fruits, nuts and fresh grapes are growing nearly 3 times during 2010-2020 (Rs.500 crores each) compared to 2000-2010 (around Rs. 3,000 crores each). Exports of cucumbers, gherkins, jaggery and confectionary items are growing at a faster rate in the recent decade (Rs.400 crores during 2005-06 to Rs. 1600 crores during 2019-20). Export basket of agricultural commodities is highly diversified (Herfindahl Index: 0.09 – 0.26) and non-conventional exports like processed vegetables, fruits and vegetables are increasing in faster rate. Hence, policy support to the non-conventional and high value exports as well as small and new exporters has to be continued. Aggregation of small exports and Farmers Producers Companies will directly benefit the farmers.
Evaluation of Different Fertilizer Types in the Suppression of Root Knot Nematode Infection on Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Makurdi, Benue State
Authors: Adepoju I. O. , Oluwatayo J. I. , Ejeba O.V.
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi in the 2020/2021 planting season. To evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types in the control of root knot nematode of sweet potato. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments were Liquid fertilizer (Super gro) and poultry dropping and control which were replicated three times. Before the treatments were applied, soil samples were collected for nematode extraction and the nematodes were extracted in the laboratory using the modified Bearmann tray technique. Super gro and geese droppings were applied at 2 weeks interval and 4 weeks interval. The results show a significant (p<0.05) reduction of root gall index, significant increase in root length, weight of roots and number of roots on the plots treated with fertilizer. This research work recommends the application of poultry droppings for the management of root knot nematode in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).
Effect of Working Memory Training on Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Alvarado Arjay Y.
Published: June 2022

This true experimental research anchored on the Cattell-Horn-Caroll (CHC) theory utilized Randomized Two-Groups Design to examine the effect of working memory training on the fluid intelligence of high school students. Thirty-five students from a selected public high school in Negros Occidental were randomly selected and assigned using multi-stage sampling. In measuring the fluid intelligence, the Culture Fair Intelligence Test was administered as pretest instrument in establishing baseline data. Once baseline data have been established, the experimental group commenced with a working memory training called n-back task for four weeks with three sessions per week. After the intervention, both groups were retested using the same test, the CFIT. Data collected were collated and analyzed. A paired t-test on the experimental group revealed a significant gain between pretest and posttest results of the participants. Meanwhile, a paired t-test on the control group comparing their scores in the pretest and posttest do not yield a significant difference indicating a gain in fluid intelligence among the participants in the experimental group is brought about by the working memory training. In addition, considering the posttest results of the experimental and control group using an independent sample t-test a statistically significant difference in the scores can be found. Moreover, a relatively high effect size suggests an overall high effect of the intervention on the fluid intelligence of the participants. Finally, profile variables such as sex, academic performance and household monthly income are not considered to be predictors of gains in working memory training.
Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Morbidity and Mortality in Post AMI Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelrazek , Allaithy Amany Mohamed , Mustafa Taimor , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with cardiogenic shock is still associated with a significant death rate. Other interventions, including intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation and medical therapy, failed to improve prognosis in large-scale randomised studies, with the exception of early revascularization.  Recently, mild therapeutic hypothermia, in which patients are lowered to 33°C over the course of 24 hours, has been proposed as a therapy option for cardiogenic shock patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of mild hypothermia on morbidity and mortality associated with post-AMI cardiogenic shock.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, unblinded trial was conducted on 50 patients with AMI complicated by CS. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups; group I received MTH to 33°C for 24-36 h and group II (control group) did not receive MTH. Patients were subjected to full history taking, general and clinical examination, laboratory examination, echo, chest ultrasound (US), coronary angiography data and mild therapeutic hypothermia protocol.

Results: Stroke until day 30, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, duration of inotropic support, mortality and pulmonary congestion by US were insignificantly different between both groups. Arterial lactate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h were significantly increased in group I than Group II (P value<0.05). and were insignificantly different between both groups at 0h, 2h, 22h, 24h, 26h, 28h, 30h. Serum creatinine at 24h, 48h was significantly increased in group I than Group II (p value <0.05) and was insignificantly different between both groups at 0h.

Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) didn’t improve short term outcomes in patients with post AMI cardiogenic shock.
Studies on the Effect of Foliar Spray of Micronutrients on Physical Parameters of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeada
Authors: Shukla Usha , Lata Rubee , Yadav Shatrunjay , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted on Horticulture Research Farm –II of Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India, during the academic year of 2019-20. to study the effect of micronutrient spray on the physical parameters of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda on 10 - year- old guava plants that fruit set (68.80 %) fruit retention (65.89%) fruit length (7.59 cm), fruit width (6.75 cm), fruit weight (136.8 g.) fruit volume (148.13cm3), specific gravity(0.92), fruit yield per plant (42.20kg/plant), and yield (q/ha) were obtained maximum with the foliar spray of zinc sulphate T3 (0.4%) and borax T9 (0.4%) respectively.
Influence of Weather on Groundnut Genotypes under Extended Sowing Window during Kharif Season
Authors: Hiremath Irayya , Yenagi B. S. , Alagundagi S. C. , Patil H. Y.
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during the year 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consist of four sowing window as main plots i.e., June 1st fortnight, June 2nd fortnight, July 1st fortnight and July 2nd fortnight and four groundnut genotypes as sub plots i.e., GPBD-4, G2-52, Dh-245 and JL-1085 with three replications. The groundnut crop sown during first fortnight of June recorded significantly higher pod yield (3,551 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4,477 kg ha-1) compared to second fortnight of July and was at par with first fortnight of July and second fortnight of June. Among groundnut genotypes, G2-52 recorded significantly higher pod yield (3,364 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4,239 kg ha-1) over JL-1085 and was on far with Dh-245 and GPBD-4. The groundnut genotype, G2-52 sown during first fortnight of June recorded higher pod yield (3,841 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4,840 kg ha-1) compared to JL-1085 sown during second fortnight of July.
Modified Clinical Practice of Sariva Kshara Sutra with Partial Fistulectomy in the Management of Bhagandara (Fistula-In-Ano)
Authors: Shah Niket , Dave Om Prakash
Published: June 2022

Bhagandara is Ashta Mahagaroga (8 major disease) by Sushruta because of highest recurrence. Anorectal disorders are at peak, because to sedentary lifestyle and many other factors. 2 words Bhaga and Darana is bifurcation bhagandara, it is a common disease occurring in Anorectal region around the anus which may extends up to Genitalia. Pidika creation causes Bhagandara to develop, which is countered by opening up in the Guda Pradesh region with suffering and discharge. Kshara Sutra therapy is the one-of-a-kind, specific Parasurgical procedure that is employed in Fistula in Ano. Bhagandara is treated using a variety of modern scientific modalities, but to far no single modality has proven to be comprehensive for Fistula. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the modified way to treat fistula-in-ano with Sariva Kshara Sutra with partial fistulectomy. Case was taken from OPD/IPD of SHAH PILES FISTULA HOSPITAL, AHMEDABAD.

CASE 1: - Age 31 yrs. Male Patient came to our hospital with complain of pain, swelling, discharge in scrotal to anterior anal canal (scrotal extension) treated with Sariva Kshara Sutra with partial fistulectomy considering its a best procedure in the treatment of Bhagandara preserving the Sphincter it treats the track.
Analytical Solution of Linear Fractional Partial Dierential Equation of Order 0 \(<\) \(\alpha\) \(\leq\)1
Authors: Raut Shankar R. , Sontakke Bhausaheb R. , Bhadgaonkar Vidya N.
Published: June 2022

The paper aims to obtain exact analytical solution of linear nonhomogeneous space-time fractional order partial differential equation by improved Adomian decomposition method coupled with fractional Taylor expansion series. The solution of these equations are in series form may have rapid convergence to a closed-form solution. The effectiveness and sharpness of this method is shown by obtaining the exact solution of these equations with suitable initial conditions (ICs). With the help of this method, it is possible to investigate nature of solutions when we vary order of the fractional derivative. Behaviour of the solution of these equations are represented by graphs using Matlab software.
The Importance of Sustainable Procurement in Public Institutions
Authors: Zambika Harry
Published: June 2022

Sustainable procurement has in the recent past generated considerable interest world over considering the potential benefit it presents in preserving the environment and other aspects of human life and development. This is more seemingly been applied more in private firms than in the public sector organisations. The research sought to add to the knowledge of sustainable procurement and how organisations in the public sector can embrace it to facilitate development and service delivery. The research outlined the importance of sustainability and the challenges that organisations face when implementing initiatives. The outcomes of the research indicate that there was lack of clear policy guidelines in most public institutions to embrace and act on the pillars of sustainability. There was also a lack of top management commitment to ensure that sustainability is implemented in public institutions. There was a need for public institutions to ensure that a comprehensive skills development and training in sustainable procurement is undertaken to foster implementation and awareness across the organisation especially procurement professionals.
Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Seriphidium kurramenses
Authors: Alyas Sobia , Zahra Nureen , Nisar Ayesha , Shafeeq Tahir , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor , Hayat Sikandar , Riaz Ayesha , Zahid Beenish
Published: June 2022

Seriphidium kurramenses traditionally medicinal plant usually not present in Pakistan is used in different biological activities to cure various ailments. However, scare studies are present on S. kurramenses regarding to its medicinal importance to treat fever, inflammation and pain. The purpose of present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of S. kurramenses stem and leaves in ethanolic extract on albino rats. Methodi anti-inflammatory actions were evaluated by injecting carrageenan in rats which caused edema. S. kurramenses produced significant (P<0.005) reduction in edema at 200 and 50mg/kg doses with respective percentages (90, 81%) of leaf and stem extract as compared to standard (diclofenac, 90%) and control (normal saline, 100%) groups. Meanwhile, antipyretic activity was examined by inducing brewer’s yeast in albino rats which induced pyrexia. S. kurramenses showed significant reduction (P<0.005) at different doses of ethanolic extract (50mg/kg, 50mg/kg) with respective percentages of leaf (95%) and stem extract (100%) as compared to standard (brewer’s yeast 81%) and control groups (normal saline 100%). Similarly, analgesic test was assessed by injecting acetic acid which induced writhing movements and these movements were reduced (>0.005) at different doses of ethanolic extract (400mg/kg, 400mg/kg) with respective percentages of leaf and stem extracts (52%, 56%) as compared to standard (diclofenac, 48%) and control groups (100%). It is concluded that the extract of S. kurramenses exhibit significant (P<0.005) results in case of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities but insignificant (>0.005) in analgesic activity.
Biochemical Properties of Parasite Virulence Factor: Lesson Learned from Leishmania
Authors: Suryowati Trini , Siagianv Forman Erwin , Sunarti Lusia Sri
Published: June 2022

Leishmania, a parasitic protozoan, a single-celled organism of the genus trypanosomes that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. Transmission occured by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. Globally, at least 93 sandfly species are proven or probable vectors. Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans. Leishmaniasis encompasses diverse clinical syndromes, including cutaneous, mucosal, and potentially life-threatening visceral forms. Three widely known virulence factors belongs to the genus Leishmania include the active compound named proteophosphoglycan (PPG), GP63 metalloprotease and lipophosphoglycan (LPG). these substance established on the surface of the parasite. The aim of this review article is to make an insight of the biochemical characteristics of Leishmania spp virulence factors, the armamentarium that predispose their pathogenesis, its invasion and virulence to the mammalian host.
Unique Cause of Dysphagia in a Patient With Remitted Sarcoidosis
Authors: DiSilvio Frank A. , Coe Sarah C. , Bach Sarah E. , Petruzzelli Guy J.
Published: June 2022

This case report describes a woman in her 70s with a medical history of sarcoidosis, atrial fibrillation, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Schatzki’s ring status after multiple dilations, pulmonary hypertension, and hypothyroidism who presented with a more than 10-year history of dysphagia and was found to have sarcoid involvement of the upper esophageal sphincter.
Decreased neurofilament light chain levels in estriol‐treated multiple sclerosis
Authors: Voskuhl Rhonda , Kuhle Jens , Siddarth Prabha , Itoh Noriko , Patel Kevin , MacKenzie‐Graham Allan
Published: June 2022

Estrogens have neuroprotective actions depending on estrogen type, dose, and timing in both preclinical models and in women during health and disease. Serum neurofilament light chain is a putative biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis, aging, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, oral treatment with an estrogen unique to pregnancy (estriol) using an 8 mg dose to induce a mid‐pregnancy blood estriol level reduced serum neurofilament light chain in nonpregnant MS women at mean age of 37 years. This is consistent with estriol‐mediated protection from neuro‐axonal injury and supports the use of serum neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in MS.
A Seawater‐Corrosion‐Resistant and Isotropic Zero Thermal Expansion (Zr,Ta)(Fe,Co)2 Alloy
Authors: Li Wenjie , Lin Kun , Yan Yu , Yu Chengyi , Cao Yili , Chen Xin , Wang Chin‐Wei , Kato Kenichi , Chen Yan , An Ke , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Li Qiang , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: June 2022

Zero thermal expansion (ZTE) alloys as dimensionally stable materials are usually challenged by harsh environmental erosion, since ZTE and corrosion resistance are generally mutually exclusive. Here, a high‐performance alloy, Zr0.8Ta0.2Fe1.7Co0.3, is reported, that shows isotropic ZTE behavior (αl = 0.21(2) × 10−6 K−1) in a wide temperature range of 5–360 K, high corrosion resistance in a seawater‐like solution compared with classic Invar and stainless Invar, and excellent cyclic thermal and structural stabilities. Such stabilities are attributed to the cubic symmetry, the controllable magnetic order, and the spontaneously formed passive film with Ta and Zr chemical modifications. The results are evidenced by X‐ray/neutron diffraction, microscopy, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry investigations. Such multiple stabilities have the potential to broaden the robust applications of ZTE alloys, especially in marine services.
Interlayer Hopping Kinetics of Vacancies in CrI3 Layers Leading to Monolayer/Bilayer Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Hongsheng , Zhang Yanxue , Glukhova Olga E. , Zhang Gang , Wang Lu , Zhao Jijun , Gao Junfeng
Published: June 2022

2D magnets, especially their multilayer structures exhibit promising applications in magnetic sensing and data storage due to magnetoresistance effect. Defects have significant influence on the performance of devices and are widely investigated for typical 2D magnets. However, the defects in multilayer structures are rarely studied. Here, based on density functional theory, an interesting synergy of the interlayer migration of I and Cr vacancies in bilayer CrI3 is found. Cr vacancies attract I vacancies in adjacent layers and greatly reduce the intermigration barrier of I. On the other hand, I vacancies also facilitate the interlayer migration of Cr vacancies. A monolayer/bilayer heterostructure is expected to form after annealing at about 500 K due to the fast hopping of vacancies between layers and the strong driving force for vacancies clustering. The interlayer hopping and merge of vacancies help eliminate defect states in bilayer CrI3. These results provide an atomic‐scale understanding of vacancy migration between CrI3 layers, which is important for defect engineering and applications of bilayer and multilayer CrI3.
Large Scale Exchange Coupled Metallic Multilayers by Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) Process for Advanced Printed Magnetoelectronics
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Becker Christian , Okur Ibrahim E. , Melzer Michael , Özer Burak , Schmidt Oliver G. , Karnaushenko Daniil
Published: June 2022

Till now application of printed magnetoelectronics is hindered by lack of large area exchange coupled metallic multilayers required to produce printable magneto‐sensory inks. Large‐scale roll‐to‐roll (R2R) fabrication process is an attractive approach owing to its capabilities for high volume, high throughput, and large area manufacturing. Precise and high performance R2R sputtering technology is developed to fabricate large area giant magnetoresistive (GMR) thin‐films stacks that contain 30 metallic bilayers prepared by continuous R2R sputtering of Co and Cu sequential on a hundred meters long polyethylene terephthalate (PET) web. The R2R sputtered Co/Cu multilayer on a 0.2 × 100 m2 PET web exhibits a GMR ratio of ≈40% achieving the largest area exchange coupled room temperature magneto‐sensitive system demonstrated to date. The prepared GMR thin‐film is converted to magnetosensitive ink that enables printing of magnetic sensors with high performance in a cost‐efficient way, which promotes integration with printed electronics. An average GMR ratio of ≈18% is obtained for 370 printed magnetic sensors. The realized precise R2R sputtering approach can also be extended to a wide range of hybrid thin‐film material systems opening up a path for new functional inks applied with printing technologies.
Properties, Synthesis, and Device Applications of 2D Layered InSe
Authors: Dai Mingjin , Gao Caifang , Nie Qianfan , Wang Qi‐Jie , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chu Junhao , Li Wenwu
Published: June 2022

Van der Waals layered indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging star of the 2D semiconducting materials because of its excellent fundamental properties, such as ultrahigh carrier mobility, layer‐tunable bandgap, large elastic deformability, and rich polytypes. In addition, 2D layered indium selenide has demonstrated outstanding device performance including photodetector, field‐effect transistor, memory and synapse, mechanical and gas sensor, which has offered a new chance to next‐generation electrical and optoelectronic devices. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent progress in 2D layered indium selenide. The novel fundamental properties and synthetic methods are summarized. Also, the indium selenide‐based state‐of‐the‐art electronic/optoelectronic devices, such as a functional field‐effect transistor, photodetector, and mechanical and gas sensors are systematically summarized. The techniques to enhance the performances of devices are also discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the challenges and future opportunities as a guideline for this field is provided.
Skin‐Interfaced Deep‐Tissue Sensing Patch via Microneedle Waveguides
Authors: Liu Yihan , Menon Rahul , Putcha Arjun , Huang Ke , Bonilla Leonardo , Vora Rohan , Li Junye , Zhang Lin , Wang Yihang , Fletcher Lauren , Lassiter Anna , Huang Chuqi , Buse John B. , Cheng Ke , Bai Wubin
Published: June 2022

Continuous, real‐time monitoring of biomarkers associated with local regions of the body can enhance both temporal and dimensional accuracy of proactive treatment to acute syndromes for critical illnesses, especially peripheral artery diseases. Conventional health monitors often face grand challenges in leveraging deep‐tissue sensing capability with a safe and compatible biointerface. Optical‐based noninvasive monitors may lack the ability to detect oximetry under subcutaneous fatty tissue due to the light scattering and absorption; implantables offer targeted sensing at depth, but may induce infection and inflammation. This report puts forward a wireless, wearable deep‐tissue sensing patch by incorporating biocompatible microneedle waveguides at the sensing interface, to bypass the light extinction in epidermic and dermic tissue and enable the tracking of oximetry at muscular tissue. The sensing patch provides multiple physiological measurements at the sensing area, including tissue oximetry, pulse oximetry, heart pulsation, and respiratory activities with a wireless platform for uninterrupted data advertising and processing to enable real‐time diagnostic analysis. The mechanical and thermal characterizations of the sensing patch with the microneedle waveguides validate the durable and safe operation at the skin interface. In vivo study with animal models of hindlimb ischemia demonstrates the high sensitivity and timely response of the sensing patch as muscle tissue hypoxia emerges.
Robust Self‐Standing Single‐Ion Polymer Electrolytes Enabling High‐Safety Magnesium Batteries at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ge Xuesong , Song Fuchen , Du Aobing , Zhang Yaojian , Xie Bin , Huang Lang , Zhao Jingwen , Dong Shanmu , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: June 2022

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have great potential in the field of high‐temperature specialized batteries owing to the superior thermostability and lower propensity for dendrite formation of Mg metal anodes. And the development of Mg2+‐conducting electrolytes that can operate stably under elevated temperature conditions (>100 °C) is the key to high‐temperature RMBs. Here, a robust self‐standing single‐ion polymer electrolyte (SSPE) enabling high‐safety RMBs working at elevated temperature is presented. This SSPE exhibits an expanded electrochemical stability window of 4.8 V (vs Mg2+/Mg), a remarkable Mg2+‐ion transference number of 0.79, and a highly reversible Mg plating/stripping performance. This rationally designed SSPE enables home‐made Mo6S8//Mg batteries with superior high‐temperature (up to 150 °C) performance and significantly improved safety characteristics under abuse conditions. This design concept for a robust SSPE provides a promising path to high‐safety specialized RMBs operating at the elevated temperature, which also offers a new path for the development of functionalized electrolytes.
Metal‐free Cascade Radical Cyclization of N‐Methylacrylyl‐2‐phenylbenzimidazole: Construction of Aryldifluoromethylated Benzimidazole[2,1‐a]iso‐Quinoline‐6(5H)‐ketone
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoxiao , Sun Jie , Liu Yanmin , Li Ziwei
Published: June 2022

A facile and effective metal‐free decarboxylative cyclization of N‐methacryloyl‐2‐phenylbenzimidazole with arylthio (oxy) difluoroacetic acids or α,α‐aryldifluoroacetic acids was proposed to prepare a series of aryldifluoromethylated benzimidazole[2,1‐a]iso‐quinoline‐6(5H)‐one derivatives in medium to good yields with good functional group tolerance, readily available raw materials and simple operation. In addition, experimental studies showed that the CF2 group of arylthiodifluoroacetic acids plays a crucial role in this conversion.
Identification of a cobalt(IV)–oxo intermediate as an active oxidant in catalytic oxidation reactions
Authors: Malik Deesha D. , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo
Published: June 2022

We report the catalytic oxidation of organic substrates by a cobalt complex, [CoIII(TAML)]− (TAML = tetra‐amido macrocyclic ligand), and meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) under the mild reaction conditions and the identification of a cobalt(IV)–oxo intermediate, [CoIV(TAML)(O)]2−, as an active oxidant in the catalytic oxidation reactions. In the hydroxylation of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol is the sole product and the hydroxylation reaction occurs via an oxygen non‐rebound mechanism. Kinetic isotope effect value of 3.1, obtained in the oxidation of cyclohexane‐h12/d12, indicates that a hydrogen atom abstraction from cyclohexane by the cobalt(IV)–oxo complex is the rate‐determining step. The catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene prefers the C═C bond epoxidation to the C–H bond activation, yielding cyclohexene oxide as a sole product. In the epoxidation of cis‐ and trans‐stilbenes, cis‐ and trans‐stilbene oxides, respectively, are yielded stereoselectively. The present study reports a highly selective catalytic oxidation of organic substrates by a cobalt complex and m‐CPBA and the involvement of a cobalt(IV)–oxo intermediate as an active oxidant in the catalytic oxidation reactions.
Conceptual assessment of HRQOL among Japanese non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) patients
Authors: Nishimura Kazuo , Shiota Masaki , Eto Masatoshi , Satoh Takefumi , Stroupe Angela , Seo Caroline , Uzumcu Alyssa , Ledesma Dianne Athene
Published: June 2022

Objective

The study objectives were to understand how patients view the quality of life in non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), including unmet needs and what patients consider most important in treatment outcomes. A gap analysis was conducted on existing patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) measures versus what is missing from the patient perspective, to guide future development of PRO‐based real‐world evidence for nmCRPC in Japan. A conceptual model for nmCRPC Japanese patients’ HRQOL was also created.

Methods

This non‐interventional, qualitative study consisted of a targeted literature review, PRO instrument review, and interviews with 20 nmCRPC patients and five treating physicians. Triangulation of the gap analysis, evidence from the targeted review of the literature, and qualitative interview findings were employed to assess the comprehensiveness of current nmCRPC and HRQOL measures.

Results

Symptoms most reported by patients were frequent urination (70%), nocturia (65%), and general pain (65%). Others reported included lack of strength (30%). HRQOL impacts most reported were anxiety (45%) and worry (50%) about their diagnosis. Additional impacts mentioned were weight changes, loss of sleep, difficulty walking, loss of appetite, and difficulty traveling and seeking toilets in public.

The gap analysis revealed 31 symptoms and 33 impacts not covered in existing prostate cancer‐specific PRO instruments. Patients mentioned musculoskeletal symptoms such as fractures, leg pain, cramps, numbness, and loss of leg bone strength. Impacts not previously discussed in the literature or in outcome measures were feelings of self‐consciousness around diagnosis, stigma around illness, and the impact on mobility including traveling.

Conclusion

Key results reveal pain and urinary symptoms are the most experienced by Japanese nmCRPC patients. The diagnosis and treatment of disease leads to significant impacts in patient lives. Analysis revealed that symptoms and life impacts are missing in the current literature and outcome measures. Testing and debriefing of specific items could further substantiate these dimensions.
Honeybee Iflaviruses Pack Specific tRNA Fragments from Host Cells in Their Virions
Authors: Šimonová Anna , Romanská Veronika , Benoni Barbora , Škubník Karel , Šmerdová Lenka , Procházková Michaela , Spustová Kristina , Moravčík Ondřej , Gahurova Lenka , Pačes Jan , Plevka Pavel , Cahová Hana
Published: June 2022

The Picornavirales include viruses that infect vertebrates, insects, and plants. It was believed that they pack only their genomic mRNA in the particles; thus, we envisaged these viruses as excellent model systems for studies of mRNA modifications. We used LC–MS to analyze digested RNA isolated from particles of the sacbrood and deformed wing iflaviruses as well as of the echovirus 18 and rhinovirus 2 picornaviruses. Whereas in the picornavirus RNAs we detected only N6‐methyladenosine and 2’‐O‐methylated nucleosides, the iflavirus RNAs contained a wide range of methylated nucleosides, such as 1‐methyladenosine (m1A) and 5‐methylcytidine (m5C). Mapping of m1A and m5C through RNA sequencing of the SBV and DWV RNAs revealed the presence of tRNA molecules. Both modifications were detected only in tRNA. Further analysis revealed that tRNAs are present in form of 3’ and 5’ fragments and they are packed selectively. Moreover, these tRNAs are typically packed by other viruses.
Lessons from research and evaluation on faculty as change agents of teaching and campus reform
Authors: Bragg Debra D. , Eddy Pamela L. , Iverson Ellen R. , Hao Yi , O'Connell Kristin
Published: June 2022

This chapter presents research and evaluation results on the SAGE 2YC project's intentional focus on a cycle of change rooted in modeling evidence‐based pedagogies and facilitating change in teaching and leadership among faculty peers on multiple levels. Based on five years of qualitative and quantitative data involving 40 community colleges and 80 full‐time and adjunct STEM faculty, results showed that faculty change agents increased their use of evidence‐based teaching and faculty leadership roles. Changes in pedagogy contributed to improved course completion rates and reduced equity gaps between demographically diverse student groups. Carefully honed professional development strategies offered valuable lessons on supporting faculty learning, scaffolding and sharing lessons learned among faculty peers, and faculty leadership of campus reforms.
Artificial intelligence‐based multiobjective optimization of reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment using a hybrid ZnO‐immobilized/photo‐Fenton process
Authors: Joy Varghese Manappallil , Feroz Shaik , Dutta Susmita
Published: June 2022

The performance of desalination plants predominantly depends on the enhancement of membrane productivity through the effective removal of organic foulants from saline water prior to the membrane process. This research evaluates the performance of the ZnO‐immobilized solar nanophotocatalytic process integrated with Fe2+/H2O2 system for the removal of organics from reverse osmosis (RO) feed seawater. Machine‐learning and response surface methodology (RSM) models were used for optimizing the performance of such a hybrid system in terms of five input factors: initial TOC (mg/L), pH, H2O2 dosage (g/L), Fe2+ dosage (mg/L) and solar irradiation time (minutes). Both machine‐learning and RSM regression models were optimized using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐III) for estimating optimum organic degradation performance in terms of residual Fe2+, total organic carbon (TOC) removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The response values obtained from the experimental run conducted at the optimum settings of ANN‐NSGA‐III was found to be TOC removal = 81.4%, COD removal = 77.4% and residual Fe2+ = 1.95 mg/L. The pilot‐scale solar nanophotocatalytic reactor optimized in the present research is worthy of being upscaled for wide application in desalination plants.