bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework with optimally selective xenon adsorption and separation
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Simon Cory M. , Plonka Anna M. , Motkuri Radha K. , Liu Jian , Chen Xianyin , Smit Berend , Parise John B. , Haranczyk Maciej , Thallapally Praveen K.
Published: June 2016

Nuclear energy is among the most viable alternatives to our current fossil fuel-based energy economy. The mass deployment of nuclear energy as a low-emissions source requires the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel to recover fissile materials and mitigate radioactive waste. A major concern with reprocessing used nuclear fuel is the release of volatile radionuclides such as xenon and krypton that evolve into reprocessing facility off-gas in parts per million concentrations. The existing technology to remove these radioactive noble gases is a costly cryogenic distillation; alternatively, porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks have demonstrated the ability to selectively adsorb xenon and krypton at ambient conditions. Here we carry out a high-throughput computational screening of large databases of metal–organic frameworks and identify SBMOF-1 as the most selective for xenon. We affirm this prediction and report that SBMOF-1 exhibits by far the highest reported xenon adsorption capacity and a remarkable Xe/Kr selectivity under conditions pertinent to nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Arrays of individually controlled ions suitable for two-dimensional quantum simulations
Authors: Mielenz Manuel , Kalis Henning , Wittemer Matthias , Hakelberg Frederick , Warring Ulrich , Schmied Roman , Blain Matthew , Maunz Peter , Moehring David L. , Leibfried Dietrich , Schaetz Tobias
Published: June 2016

A precisely controlled quantum system may reveal a fundamental understanding of another, less accessible system of interest. A universal quantum computer is currently out of reach, but an analogue quantum simulator that makes relevant observables, interactions and states of a quantum model accessible could permit insight into complex dynamics. Several platforms have been suggested and proof-of-principle experiments have been conducted. Here, we operate two-dimensional arrays of three trapped ions in individually controlled harmonic wells forming equilateral triangles with side lengths 40 and 80 μm. In our approach, which is scalable to arbitrary two-dimensional lattices, we demonstrate individual control of the electronic and motional degrees of freedom, preparation of a fiducial initial state with ion motion close to the ground state, as well as a tuning of couplings between ions within experimental sequences. Our work paves the way towards a quantum simulator of two-dimensional systems designed at will.
Interphase adhesion geometry is transmitted to an internal regulator for spindle orientation via caveolin-1
Authors: Matsumura Shigeru , Kojidani Tomoko , Kamioka Yuji , Uchida Seiichi , Haraguchi Tokuko , Kimura Akatsuki , Toyoshima Fumiko
Published: June 2016

Despite theoretical and physical studies implying that cell-extracellular matrix adhesion geometry governs the orientation of the cell division axis, the molecular mechanisms that translate interphase adhesion geometry to the mitotic spindle orientation remain elusive. Here, we show that the cellular edge retraction during mitotic cell rounding correlates with the spindle axis. At the onset of mitotic cell rounding, caveolin-1 is targeted to the retracting cortical region at the proximal end of retraction fibres, where ganglioside GM1-enriched membrane domains with clusters of caveola-like structures are formed in an integrin and RhoA-dependent manner. Furthermore, Gαi1–LGN–NuMA, a well-known regulatory complex of spindle orientation, is targeted to the caveolin-1-enriched cortical region to guide the spindle axis towards the cellular edge retraction. We propose that retraction-induced cortical heterogeneity of caveolin-1 during mitotic cell rounding sets the spindle orientation in the context of adhesion geometry.
Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Hildebrandt Patrick , Calvas Baltazar , Castro Luz Maria , Härtl Fabian , Döllerer Martin , Hamer Ute , Windhorst David , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Curatola Fernández Giulia F. , Obermeier Wolfgang A. , Adams Julia , Breuer Lutz , Mosandl Reinhard , Beck Erwin , Weber Michael , Stimm Bernd , Haber Wolfgang , Fürst Christine , Bendix Jörg
Published: June 2016

High landscape diversity is assumed to increase the number and level of ecosystem services. However, the interactions between ecosystem service provision, disturbance and landscape composition are poorly understood. Here we present a novel approach to include uncertainty in the optimization of land allocation for improving the provision of multiple ecosystem services. We refer to the rehabilitation of abandoned agricultural lands in Ecuador including two types of both afforestation and pasture rehabilitation, together with a succession option. Our results show that high compositional landscape diversity supports multiple ecosystem services (multifunction effect). This implicitly provides a buffer against uncertainty. Our work shows that active integration of uncertainty is only important when optimizing single or highly correlated ecosystem services and that the multifunction effect on landscape diversity is stronger than the uncertainty effect. This is an important insight to support a land-use planning based on ecosystem services.
Efficient plasmonic emission by the quantum Čerenkov effect from hot carriers in graphene
Authors: Kaminer Ido , Katan Yaniv Tenenbaum , Buljan Hrvoje , Shen Yichen , Ilic Ognjen , López Josué J. , Wong Liang Jie , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin
Published: June 2016

Graphene plasmons have been found to be an exciting plasmonic platform, thanks to their high field confinement and low phase velocity, motivating contemporary research to revisit established concepts in light–matter interaction. In a conceptual breakthrough over 80 years old, Čerenkov showed how charged particles emit shockwaves of light when moving faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium. To modern eyes, the Čerenkov effect offers a direct and ultrafast energy conversion scheme from charge particles to photons. The requirement for relativistic particles, however, makes Čerenkov emission inaccessible to most nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. Here we show that graphene plasmons provide the means to overcome this limitation through their low phase velocity and high field confinement. The interaction between the charge carriers flowing inside graphene and the plasmons enables a highly efficient two-dimensional Čerenkov emission, giving a versatile, tunable and ultrafast conversion mechanism from electrical signal to plasmonic excitation.
Long-range magnetic interactions and proximity effects in an amorphous exchange-spring magnet
Authors: Magnus F. , Brooks-Bartlett M. E. , Moubah R. , Procter R. A. , Andersson G. , Hase T. P. A. , Banks S. T. , Hjörvarsson B.
Published: June 2016

Low-dimensional magnetic heterostructures are a key element of spintronics, where magnetic interactions between different materials often define the functionality of devices. Although some interlayer exchange coupling mechanisms are by now well established, the possibility of direct exchange coupling via proximity-induced magnetization through non-magnetic layers is typically ignored due to the presumed short range of such proximity effects. Here we show that magnetic order can be induced throughout a 40-nm-thick amorphous paramagnetic layer through proximity to ferromagnets, mediating both exchange-spring magnet behaviour and exchange bias. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations show that nearest-neighbour magnetic interactions fall short in describing the observed effects and long-range magnetic interactions are needed to capture the extent of the induced magnetization. The results highlight the importance of considering the range of interactions in low-dimensional heterostructures and how magnetic proximity effects can be used to obtain new functionality.
SIRT2 is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Deng Ailing , Ning Qiaoyang , Zhou Lei , Liang Yaojie
Published: June 2016

SIRT2 is a member of the NAD+ dependent deacetylases. In this study, the associations between SIRT2 expression and molecular and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were evaluated by data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SIRT2 was overexpressed in the intermediate- and poor-risk groups of patients, compared to the favorable-risk group of patients (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). High SIRT2 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.0005) and event-free survival (EFS; P = 0.0002) than low SIRT2 expressio in a cohort of 167 patients with AML. Multivariate analyses revealed that high SIRT2 expression was associated with shorter OS (P = 0.031) and EFS (P = 0.020). Gene-expression profiling showed 259 differential expressed genes including CD4, CD14 and IL10. Gene sets like MAPK signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and acute myeloid leukemia were upregulated in SIRT2high patients. We also found different methylation patterns in these two groups. OS and EFS of SIRT2high patients who did not undergo transplantation were significantly shorter than those of SIRT2low patients (P = 0.0120 and P = 0.0107, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that high SIRT2 expression is a novel and unfavorable prognostic biomarker for AML risk-stratification.
Both Nearest Neighbours and Long-term Affiliates Predict Individual Locations During Collective Movement in Wild Baboons
Authors: Farine Damien R. , Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Berger-Wolf Tanya , Ziebart Brian , Brugere Ivan , Li Jia , Crofoot Margaret C.
Published: June 2016

In many animal societies, groups of individuals form stable social units that are shaped by well-delineated dominance hierarchies and a range of affiliative relationships. How do socially complex groups maintain cohesion and achieve collective movement? Using high-resolution GPS tracking of members of a wild baboon troop, we test whether collective movement in stable social groups is governed by interactions among local neighbours (commonly found in groups with largely anonymous memberships), social affiliates, and/or by individuals paying attention to global group structure. We construct candidate movement prediction models and evaluate their ability to predict the future trajectory of focal individuals. We find that baboon movements are best predicted by 4 to 6 neighbours. While these are generally individuals’ nearest neighbours, we find that baboons have distinct preferences for particular neighbours and that these social affiliates best predict individual location at longer time scales (>10 minutes). Our results support existing theoretical and empirical studies highlighting the importance of local rules in driving collective outcomes, such as collective departures, in primates. We extend previous studies by elucidating the rules that maintain cohesion in baboons ‘on the move’, as well as the different temporal scales of social interactions that are at play.
Taurine protects against As2O3-induced autophagy in livers of rat offsprings through PPARγ pathway
Authors: Bai Jie , Yao Xiaofeng , Jiang Liping , Zhang Qiaoting , Guan Huai , Liu Shuang , Wu Wei , Qiu Tianming , Gao Ni , Yang Lei , Yang Guang , Sun Xiance
Published: June 2016

Chronic exposures to arsenic had been associated with metabolism diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was found in the liver, regulated metabolism. Here, we found that the expression of PPARγ was decreased, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy were increased after treatment with As2O3 in offsprings’ livers. Taurine (Tau), a sulfur-containing β–amino acid could reverse As2O3-inhibited PPARγ. Tau also inhibit the generation of ROS and autophagy. We also found that As2O3 caused autophagic cell death and ROS accelerated in HepG2 cells. Before incubation with As2O3, the cells were pretreated with PPARγ activator Rosiglitazone (RGS), we found that autophagy and ROS was inhibited in HepG2 cells, suggesting that inhibition of PPARγ contributed to As2O3-induced autophagy and the generation of ROS. After pretreatment with Tau, the level of PPARγ was improved and the autophagy and ROS was inhibited in As2O3-treated cells, suggesting that Tau could protect hepatocytes against As2O3 through modulating PPARγ pathway.
Role of polymorphic bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) transporters in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Chen Ru , Wang Jing , Tang Shaowen , Zhang Yuan , Lv Xiaozhen , Wu Shanshan , Yang Zhirong , Xia Yinyin , Chen Dafang , Zhan Siyan
Published: June 2016

Evidence indicates that the polymorphisms in bile salt export pump (BSEP, encoded by ABCB11) may play an important role in the development of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) and we aim to investigate the association between genetic variants of ABCB11 and the risk of ATDILI in a Chinese cohort. A total of 89 tuberculosis patients with ATDILI and 356 matched ATDILI -free patients constituted cases and controls. Genetic polymorphisms of ABCB11 were determined by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated by conditional logistic regression model. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies of ABCB11 between cases and controls. In the subgroup analysis, polymorphisms of rs2287616 were found to be associated with cholestatic/mixed pattern of liver injury under dominant and addictive model (OR = 3.84, 95% CI:1.16–12.75, P = 0.028 and OR = 2.51, 95% CI:1.12–5.62, P = 0.025, respectively), however the significance disappeared after Bonferroni correction. This study suggested that genetic variants of ABCB11 gene might contribute to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced cholestatic liver injury in Chinese patients. Studies in larger, varied populations are required to confirm these findings.
Inflammation-induced reversible switch of the neuron-specific enolase promoter from Purkinje neurons to Bergmann glia
Authors: Sawada Yusuke , Konno Ayumu , Nagaoka Jun , Hirai Hirokazu
Published: June 2016

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic isoenzyme found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. Injecting adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors carrying the NSE promoter into the cerebellar cortex is likely to cause the specific transduction of neuronal cells, such as Purkinje cells (PCs) and interneurons, but not Bergmann glia (BG). However, we found BG-predominant transduction without PC transduction along a traumatic needle tract for viral injection. The enhancement of neuroinflammation by the co-application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with AAV9 significantly expanded the BG-predominant area concurrently with the potentiated microglial activation. The BG-predominant transduction was gradually replaced by the PC-predominant transduction as the neuroinflammation dissipated. Experiments using glioma cell cultures revealed significant activation of the NSE promoter due to glucose deprivation, suggesting that intracellularly stored glycogen is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway for energy. Activation of the glycolytic enzyme promoter in BG concurrently with inactivation in PC may have pathophysiological significance for the production of lactate in activated BG and the utilization of lactate, which is provided by the BG-PC lactate shuttle, as a primary energy resource in injured PCs.
Selective Deposition of SiO2 on Ion Conductive Area of Soda-lime Glass Surface
Authors: Sakai Daisuke , Harada Kenji , Hara Yuichiro , Ikeda Hiroshi , Funatsu Shiro , Uraji Keiichiro , Suzuki Toshio , Yamamoto Yuichi , Yamamoto Kiyoshi , Ikutame Naoki , Kawaguchi Keiga , Kaiju Hideo , Nishii Junji
Published: June 2016

Selective deposition of SiO2 nanoparticles was demonstrated on a soda-lime glass surface with a periodic sodium deficient pattern formed using the electrical nanoimprint. Positively charged SiO2 particles generated using corona discharge in a cyclic siloxane vapor, were selectively deposited depending on the sodium pattern. For such phenomena to occur, the sodium ion migration to the cathode side was indispensable to the electrical charge compensation on the glass surface. Therefore, the deposition proceeded preferentially outside the alkali-deficient area. Periodic SiO2 structures with 424 nm and 180 nm heights were obtained using one-dimensional (6 μm period) and two-dimensional (500 nm period) imprinted patterns.
Comparative chemical genomics reveal that the spiroindolone antimalarial KAE609 (Cipargamin) is a P-type ATPase inhibitor
Authors: Goldgof Gregory M. , Durrant Jacob D. , Ottilie Sabine , Vigil Edgar , Allen Kenneth E. , Gunawan Felicia , Kostylev Maxim , Henderson Kiersten A. , Yang Jennifer , Schenken Jake , LaMonte Gregory M. , Manary Micah J. , Murao Ayako , Nachon Marie , Murray Rebecca , Prescott Maximo , McNamara Case W. , Slayman Carolyn W. , Amaro Rommie E. , Suzuki Yo , Winzeler Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2016

The spiroindolones, a new class of antimalarial medicines discovered in a cellular screen, are rendered less active by mutations in a parasite P-type ATPase, PfATP4. We show here that S. cerevisiae also acquires mutations in a gene encoding a P-type ATPase (ScPMA1) after exposure to spiroindolones and that these mutations are sufficient for resistance. KAE609 resistance mutations in ScPMA1 do not confer resistance to unrelated antimicrobials, but do confer cross sensitivity to the alkyl-lysophospholipid edelfosine, which is known to displace ScPma1p from the plasma membrane. Using an in vitro cell-free assay, we demonstrate that KAE609 directly inhibits ScPma1p ATPase activity. KAE609 also increases cytoplasmic hydrogen ion concentrations in yeast cells. Computer docking into a ScPma1p homology model identifies a binding mode that supports genetic resistance determinants and in vitro experimental structure-activity relationships in both P. falciparum and S. cerevisiae. This model also suggests a shared binding site with the dihydroisoquinolones antimalarials. Our data support a model in which KAE609 exerts its antimalarial activity by directly interfering with P-type ATPase activity.
Hyperlipidemia and hepatitis in liver-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice generated using a one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshimi , Oikawa Fusaka , Mizuno Seiya , Ohno Hiroshi , Yagishita Yuka , Satoh Aoi , Osaki Yoshinori , Takei Kenta , Kikuchi Takuya , Han Song-iee , Matsuzaka Takashi , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Kobayashi Kazuto , Yatoh Shigeru , Yahagi Naoya , Isaka Masaaki , Suzuki Hiroaki , Sone Hirohito , Takahashi Satoru , Yamada Nobuhiro , Shimano Hitoshi
Published: June 2016

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3), a transcription factor expressed in the liver and small intestine, governs fasting-response energy homeostasis. Tissue-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice have not been generated till date. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate CREB3L3 floxed mice and subsequently obtain liver- and small intestine-specific Creb3l3 knockout (LKO and IKO, respectively) mice. While LKO mice as well as global KO mice developed hypertriglyceridemia, LKO mice exhibited hypercholesterolemia in contrast to hypocholesterolemia in global KO mice. LKO mice demonstrated up-regulation of hepatic Srebf2 and its corresponding target genes. No phenotypic differences were observed between IKO and floxed mice. Severe liver injury was observed in LKO mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet, a model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These results provide new evidence regarding the hepatic CREB3L3 role in plasma triglyceride metabolism and hepatic and intestinal CREB3L3 contributions to cholesterol metabolism.
The Novel Antitubulin Agent TR-764 Strongly Reduces Tumor Vasculature and Inhibits HIF-1α Activation
Authors: Porcù Elena , Persano Luca , Ronca Roberto , Mitola Stefania , Bortolozzi Roberta , Romagnoli Romeo , Oliva Paola , Basso Giuseppe , Viola Giampietro
Published: June 2016

Tubulin binding agents (TBAs) are commonly used in cancer therapy as antimitotics. It has been described that TBAs, like combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), present also antivascular activity and among its derivatives we identified TR-764 as a new inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, based on the 2-(alkoxycarbonyl)-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino)benzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton. The antiangiogenic activity of TR-764 (1–10 nM) was tested in vitro on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo, on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and two murine tumor models. TR-764 binding to tubulin triggers cytoskeleton rearrangement without affecting cell cycle and viability. It leads to capillary tube disruption, increased cell permeability and cell motility reduction. Moreover it disrupts adherens junctions and focal adhesions, through mechanisms involving VE-cadherin/β-catenin and FAK/Src. Importantly, TR-764 is active in hypoxic conditions significantly reducing HIF-1α. In vivo TR-764 (1–100 pmol/egg) remarkably blocks the bFGF proangiogenic activity on CAM and shows a stronger reduction of tumor mass and microvascular density both in murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, compared to the lead compound CA-4P. Altogether, our results indicate that TR-764 is a novel TBA with strong potential as both antivascular and antitumor molecule that could improve the common anticancer therapies, by overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance mechanisms.
Extracellular vesicles are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes after UVA irradiation
Authors: Wäster Petra , Eriksson Ida , Vainikka Linda , Rosdahl Inger , Öllinger Karin
Published: June 2016

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin pigmentation, which relies on the intercellular crosstalk of melanin between melanocytes to keratinocytes. However, studying the separate effects of UVA and UVB irradiation reveals differences in cellular response. Herein, we show an immediate shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the plasma membrane when exposing human melanocytes to UVA, but not UVB. The EV-shedding is preceded by UVA-induced plasma membrane damage, which is rapidly repaired by Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. Using co-cultures of melanocytes and keratinocytes, we show that EVs are preferably endocytosed by keratinocytes. Importantly, EV-formation is prevented by the inhibition of exocytosis and increased lysosomal pH but is not affected by actin and microtubule inhibitors. Melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes is equally stimulated by UVA and UVB and depends on a functional cytoskeleton. In conclusion, we show a novel cell response after UVA irradiation, resulting in transfer of lysosome-derived EVs from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
Screening of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) for reproductive endosymbionts reveals links between co-infection and evolutionary history
Authors: Zhang Yan-Kai , Chen Ya-Ting , Yang Kun , Qiao Ge-Xia , Hong Xiao-Yue
Published: June 2016

Reproductive endosymbionts have been shown to have wide-ranging effects on many aspects of their hosts’ biology. A first step to understanding how these endosymbionts interact with their hosts is to determine their incidences. Here, we screened for four reproductive endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Spiroplasma and Rickettsia) in 28 populations of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) representing 12 species. Each of the four endosymbionts were identified in at least some of the tested specimens, and their infection patterns showed variations at the species-level and population-level, suggesting their distributions can be correlated with both the phylogeny and ecology of the hosts. Co-infections of unrelated bacteria, especially double infections of Wolbachia and Cardinium within the same individuals were common. Spiroplasma and Rickettsia infections were specific to particular host species, respectively. Further, the evolutionary histories of these endosymbionts were inferred by comparing the phylogenies of them and their hosts. These findings can help to clarify the interactions between endosymbionts and arthropods.
Optical Twist Induced by Plasmonic Resonance
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Neng , Cui Liyong , Li Xiao , Lin Zhifang , Ng Jack
Published: June 2016

Harvesting light for optical torque is of significant importance, owing to its ability to rotate nano- or micro-objects. Nevertheless, applying a strong optical torque remains a challenging task: angular momentum must conserve but light is limited. A simple argument shows the tendency for two objects with strong mutual scattering or light exchange to exhibit a conspicuously enhanced optical torque without large extinction or absorption cross section. The torque on each object is almost equal but opposite, which we called optical twist. The effect is quite significant for plasmonic particle cluster, but can also be observed in structures with other morphologies. Such approach exhibits an unprecedentedly large torque to light extinction or absorption ratio, enabling limited light to exert a relatively large torque without severe heating. Our work contributes to the understanding of optical torque and introduces a novel way to manipulate the internal degrees of freedom of a structured particle cluster.
Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions
Authors: Tuononen Ari J.
Published: June 2016

Rubber friction is critical in many applications ranging from automotive tyres to cylinder seals. The process where a static rubber sample transitions to frictional sliding is particularly poorly understood. The experimental and simulation results in this paper show a completely different detachment process from the static situation to sliding motion under dry and lubricated conditions. The results underline the contribution of the rubber bulk properties to the static friction force. In fact, simple Amontons’ law is sufficient as a local friction law to produce the correct detachment pattern when the rubber material and loading conditions are modelled properly. Simulations show that micro-sliding due to vertical loading can release initial shear stresses and lead to a high static/dynamic friction coefficient ratio, as observed in the measurements.
N-cadherin is Key to Expression of the Nucleus Pulposus Cell Phenotype under Selective Substrate Culture Conditions
Authors: Hwang Priscilla Y , Jing Liufang , Chen Jun , Lim Foon-Lian , Tang Ruhang , Choi Hyowon , Cheung Kenneth M , Risbud Makarand V , Gersbach Charles A , Guilak Farshid , Leung Victor Y , Setton Lori A
Published: June 2016

Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc are essential for synthesizing extracellular matrix that contributes to disc health and mechanical function. NP cells have a unique morphology and molecular expression pattern derived from their notochordal origin, and reside in N-cadherin (CDH2) positive cell clusters in vivo. With disc degeneration, NP cells undergo morphologic and phenotypic changes including loss of CDH2 expression and ability to form cell clusters. Here, we investigate the role of CDH2 positive cell clusters in preserving healthy, biosynthetically active NP cells. Using a laminin-functionalized hydrogel system designed to mimic features of the native NP microenvironment, we demonstrate NP cell phenotype and morphology is preserved only when NP cells form CDH2 positive cell clusters. Knockdown (CRISPRi) or blocking CDH2 expression in vitro and in vivo results in loss of a healthy NP cell. Findings also reveal that degenerate human NP cells that are CDH2 negative can be promoted to re-express CDH2 and healthy, juvenile NP matrix synthesis patterns by promoting cell clustering for controlled microenvironment conditions. This work also identifies CDH2 interactions with β-catenin-regulated signaling as one mechanism by which CDH2-mediated cell interactions can control NP cell phenotype and biosynthesis towards maintenance of healthy intervertebral disc tissues.
A library-screening approach for developing a fluorescence sensing array for the detection of metal ions
Authors: Smith David G. , Sajid Naveed , Rehn Simone , Chandramohan Ramya , Carney Isaac J. , Khan Misbahul A. , New Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2016

A four-membered array based on fluorescent thiophenes is capable of distinguishing transition metal ions.
Efficient complexation between pillar[5]arenes and neutral guests: from host–guest chemistry to functional materials
Authors: Wang Yiliang , Ping Guchuan , Li Chunju
Published: June 2016

This feature article covers the molecular recognition of pillar[5]arenes and neutral guests, and its application in making supramolecular structures, polymers and functional materials.
A relativistic periodic DFT study on interaction of superheavy elements 112 (Cn) and 114 (Fl) and their homologs Hg and Pb, respectively, with a quartz surface
Authors: Pershina V.
Published: June 2016

Relativistic periodic calculations of adsorption energies of group-12 elements Hg and Cn and group-14 elements Pb and Fl on a hydroxylated (001) α-quartz surface at different adsorbate coverage have been performed using the ADF-BAND program.
Metal ion–humic acid nanoparticle interactions: role of both complexation and condensation mechanisms
Authors: Town Raewyn M. , van Leeuwen Herman P.
Published: June 2016

A counterion condensation – Donnan electrostatic model provides a physicochemically consistent description of intraparticulate metal species distributions in humic acid nanoparticles.
Identifying short surface ligands on metal phosphide quantum dots
Authors: Baquero Edwin A. , Ojo Wilfried-Solo , Coppel Yannick , Chaudret Bruno , Urbaszek Bernhard , Nayral Céline , Delpech Fabien
Published: June 2016

The control and understanding of the chemical and physical properties of quantum dots (QDs) demands detailed surface characterization.
Tactic, reactive, and functional droplets outside of equilibrium
Authors: Lach Sławomir , Yoon Seok Min , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: June 2016

Droplets subject to non-equilibrium conditions can exhibit a range of biomimetic and “intelligent” behaviors.
Metal–support interaction in Pd/CeO2 model catalysts for CO oxidation: from pulsed laser-ablated nanoparticles to highly active state of the catalyst
Authors: Slavinskaya E. M. , Kardash T. Yu. , Stonkus O. A. , Gulyaev R. V. , Lapin I. N. , Svetlichnyi V. A. , Boronin A. I.
Published: June 2016

Highly active Pd/CeO2 catalysts were synthesized from nanosized Pd and ceria obtained by PLA.
Highly selective and sensitive detection of metal ions and nitroaromatic compounds by an anionic europium(iii) coordination polymer
Authors: Feyisa Bogale Raji , Ye Junwei , Sun Yuan , Sun Tongxin , Zhang Siqi , Rauf Abdul , Hang Cheng , Tian Peng , Ning Guiling
Published: June 2016

A luminescent Eu(iii)-based coordination polymer has been synthesized, which can serve as a visual selective sensor for the detection of 4-nitrophenol and Fe3+ ions via a fluorescence quenching mechanism.
The critical role of lithium nitrate in the gas evolution of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jozwiuk Anna , Berkes Balázs B. , Weiß Thomas , Sommer Heino , Janek Jürgen , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: June 2016

The polysulfide shuttle suppressing additive LiNO3 significantly reduces, but does not completely eliminate gassing in lithium–sulfur batteries.
X20CoCrWMo10-9//Co3O4: a metal–ceramic composite with unique efficiency values for water-splitting in the neutral regime
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Chevrier Daniel M. , Kuepper Karsten , Zhang Peng , Wollschlaeger Joachim , Daum Diemo , Steinhart Martin , Heß Claudia , Krupp Ulrich , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus , Stangl Johannes , Schmidt Mercedes
Published: June 2016

The intrinsic, “from within itself” formation of Co3O4on a hot work tool steel resulted in an outstanding electrocatalyst.
Intensification and deactivation of Sn-beta investigated in the continuous regime
Authors: Padovan Daniele , Parsons Charlie , Simplicio Grasina Manuel , Hammond Ceri
Published: June 2016

Despite a proliferation of research focusing on the synthesis and catalytic chemistry of Sn-containing zeolite beta, research focusing on its intensification lacks behind, prohibiting its further exploitation. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of Sn-β to operate continuously with exceptional levels of catalytic stability.
Discovery of 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidines as potent inhibitors of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) stress pathway and CDK9
Authors: Rye Carl S. , Chessum Nicola E. A. , Lamont Scott , Pike Kurt G. , Faulder Paul , Demeritt Julie , Kemmitt Paul , Tucker Julie , Zani Lorenzo , Cheeseman Matthew D. , Isaac Rosie , Goodwin Louise , Boros Joanna , Raynaud Florence , Hayes Angela , Henley Alan T. , de Billy Emmanuel , Lynch Christopher J. , Sharp Swee Y. , te Poele Robert , Fee Lisa O’ , Foote Kevin M. , Green Stephen , Workman Paul , Jones Keith
Published: June 2016

A series of 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidines from a phenotypic screen targeting the HSF1 pathway are also potent inhibitors of CDK9.
Structure-based design of potent human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors as anticancer agents
Authors: Song Wenlin , Li Shiliang , Tong Yi , Wang Jiawei , Quan Lina , Chen Zhuo , Zhao Zhenjiang , Xu Yufang , Zhu Lili , Qian Xuhong , Li Honglin
Published: June 2016

A series of hydrazino-thiazole derivatives were synthesized, of which compound22was the most potent inhibitor ofhDHODH (IC50= 1.8 nM). Furthermore,22exhibited better antiproliferative activity than brequinar in cancer cell lines.
Anti-angiogenic properties of chlorambucil derivatives with fluorous and hydrocarbon appendages
Authors: Nowak-Sliwinska Patrycja , Weiss Andrea , Păunescu Emilia , Clavel Catherine M. , Griffioen Arjan W. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: June 2016

Chlorambucil (CLB) derivatives with long fluorous (referred to as 1 and 2) or hydrocarbon (3) chains have been evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.
Formation of 3D graphene foams on soft templated metal monoliths
Authors: Tynan Michael K. , Johnson David W. , Dobson Ben P. , Coleman Karl S.
Published: June 2016

Graphene foams are leading contenders as frameworks for polymer thermosets, filtration/pollution control and for use as an electrode material in energy storage devices, taking advantage of graphene's high electrical conductivity and the porous structure of the foam.
Dramatically different charge transport properties of bisthienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole-bithiazole copolymers synthesized via two direct (hetero)arylation polymerization routes
Authors: Guo Chang , Quinn Jesse , Sun Bin , Li Yuning
Published: June 2016

Two diketopyrrolopyrrole-bithiazole copolymers with same building blocks synthesized via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization through different routes show dramatically different charge transport properties.
Synthesis of poly(allyl 2-ylidene-acetate) and subsequent post-polymerization modification via thiol–ene reaction
Authors: Krappitz Tim , Brauer Daniel , Theato Patrick
Published: June 2016

Poly(allyl 2-ylidene-acetate) (Mw = 125 300 g mol−1) was synthesized via rhodium mediated catalysis of allyl 2-diazoacetate and its polymerization kinetics and polymer characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, post-polymerization modification utilized the reactive character of poly(allyl 2-ylidene-acetate) by means of thiol–ene reactions.
Analysis of metabonomic profiling alterations in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer and 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment
Authors: Yang Peng , Li Zongwei , Zhang Lichao , Li Hanqing , Li Zhuoyu
Published: June 2016

2-DG, a glycolytic inhibitor, attenuates AOM/DSS induced carcinogenesis. 2-DG also attenuates AOM/DSS induced metabolic alterations of 14 potential biomarkers. In addition, 2-DG attenuates AOM/DSS induced PKM2 expression.
Hysteresis nonlinearity modeling and position control for a precision positioning stage based on a giant magnetostrictive actuator
Authors: Yu Caofeng , Wang Chuanli , Deng Haishun , He Tao , Mao Pengfei
Published: June 2016

A precision positioning stage based on a giant magnetostrictive actuator (PPS-GMA) shows nonlinear displacement when it is used in the field of precision positioning control.
Cr(vi) adsorption from aqueous solution by an agricultural waste based carbon
Authors: Khan Taimur , Isa Mohamed Hasnain , Ul Mustafa Muhammad Raza , Yeek-Chia Ho , Baloo Lavania , Binti Abd Manan Teh Sabariah , Saeed Mohamed Osman
Published: June 2016

The study examined the adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] from aqueous solution by acidically prepared rice husk carbon (APRHC).
Development of low cost mixed metal oxide based diesel oxidation catalysts and their comparative performance evaluation
Authors: Shukla Pravesh Chandra , Gupta Tarun , Labhsetwar Nitin Kumar , Agarwal Avinash Kumar
Published: June 2016

A four cylinder diesel engine was used to evaluate the performance of two non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts for emission parameters such as particulate mass, elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC), and trace-metal content in particulates.
Electrodeposition of polyaniline on three-dimensional graphene hydrogel as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode with high power and energy densities
Authors: Gao Shuya , Zhang Li , Qiao Yadong , Dong Pei , Shi Jun , Cao Shaokui
Published: June 2016

3D graphene hydrogel (GH) provides a promising support for electrodepositing PANI, and the supercapacitor based on GH/PANI conformal heterostructure displays high energy and power densities.
Non-enzymatic sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag nanoparticles/polyaniline/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites for hydrogen peroxide sensing
Authors: Yang Ziyin , Zheng Xiaohui , Zheng Jianbin
Published: June 2016

Ag nanoparticles/polyaniline/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites were synthesized and used for fabricating nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor.
Copper-based dye-sensitized solar cells with quasi-solid nano cellulose composite electrolytes
Authors: Willgert Markus , Boujemaoui Assya , Malmström Eva , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: June 2016

Compatability of copper(i) based dyes with quasi solid state electrolytes enhanced with cellulose nano crystals in DSSCs is demonstrated.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of phosphorus incorporated carbon nanofibers by the spin-on dopant method
Authors: Sin Dong-Yo , Park Il-Kyu , Ahn Hyo-Jin
Published: June 2016

Phosphorus-incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully fabricated by using electrospinning and spin-on dopant (SOD) procedures together for electrochemical capacitors (ECs).
A novel fluorescein-based colorimetric probe for Cu2+ detection
Authors: Wu Xin , Gong Xiaojuan , Dong Wenjuan , Ma Jun , Chao Jianbin , Li Chenzhong , Wang Li , Dong Chuan
Published: June 2016

A new colorimetric probe, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde fluorescein hydrazone (CSFH), has been synthesized and characterized by, FT-IR, NMR, mass elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction.
An ultrasensitive aptasensor for chlorpyrifos based on ordered mesoporous carbon/ferrocene hybrid multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jiao Yancui , Jia Huiying , Guo Yemin , Zhang Haiyun , Wang Zhiqiang , Sun Xia , Zhao Jing
Published: June 2016

In this study, we designed a novel and ultrasensitive aptamer sensor for the quantitative detection of chlorpyrifos.
One-step electrodeposition of a self-cleaning and corrosion resistant Ni/WS2superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Zhao Guochen , Xue Yanpeng , Huang Yuanfeng , Ye Ying , Walsh Frank C. , Chen Jie , Wang Shuncai
Published: June 2016

A robust superhydrophobic coating based on Ni/WS2was fabricated successfully through a simple one-step electrodeposition process. This metal-caramic composite coating showed excellent self-cleaning and corrosion resistance properties.
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (size: ∼10 nm) with high surface area for selective non-enzymatic detection of uric acid with excellent sensitivity and stability
Authors: Charan Chumki , Shahi Vinod K.
Published: June 2016

A high surface area CoFe2O4nanoparticle based non-enzymatic uric acid biosensor with excellent sensitivity, selectivity and LOD.
Solid state fermentation of soybean waste and an up-flow column bioreactor for continuous production of camptothecine by an endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Bhalkar Bhumika N. , Bedekar Priyanka A. , Kshirsagar Siddheshwar D. , Govindwar Sanjay P.
Published: June 2016

The potential of an endophytic fungusFusarium oxysporum(NCIM 1383) to produce the anti-cancer pro-drug ‘camptothecine (CPT)’ by solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-industrial by-products was investigated.
A mechanistic investigation of the bioavailability enhancing potential of lysergol, a novel bioenhancer, using curcumin
Authors: Shukla M. , Malik M. Y. , Jaiswal S. , Sharma A. , Tanpula D. K. , Goyani R. , Lal J.
Published: June 2016

Lysergol (LYZ), a novel bioenhancer, has shown potential to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin.
Effect of insertion of low leakage polar layer on leakage current and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 multilayer structure
Authors: Sharma Savita , Tomar Monika , Kumar Ashok , Puri Nitin K. , Gupta Vinay
Published: June 2016

Multiferroic properties of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 multilayer structure.
Characterization of amine stabilized CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots by using triarylpyrylium dyes
Authors: Beltrán Alicia , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V. , Galindo Francisco
Published: June 2016

A new method to study the stabilizing primary amine ligands coordinated to the surface of CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots has been developed.
Chiral and achiral copper(ii) complexes: structure, bonding and biological activities
Authors: Ben Salah Assila Maatar , Sayari Nadhem , Naïli Houcine , Norquist Alexander. J.
Published: June 2016

A route to noncentrosymmetric hybrid materials is discussed through three noncentrosymmetric materials. These compounds crystallize in either a chiral polar or achiral polar space group, and exhibit high antioxidant and anti-hypertensive activities.
Nucleoside surfaces as a platform for the control of surface hydrophobicity
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: June 2016

Nucleosides are used as linker between conducting polymer films and hydrophobic subsituents.
Hybrid cotton–anatase prepared under mild conditions with high photocatalytic activity under sunlight
Authors: Abid Marwa , Bouattour Soraa , Conceição David S. , Ferraria Ana Maria , Vieira Ferreira Luís Filipe , Botelho do Rego Ana Maria , Vilar Manuel Rei , Boufi Sami
Published: June 2016

Cotton fibres were coated with nanolayers of TiO2, anatase, using a new approach based on a non-hydrolytic sol–gel process followed by a mild hydrothermal treatment at a temperature lower than 140 °C.
A pH responsive micelle combined with Au nanoparticles for multi-stimuli release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug
Authors: Lu Qian , Meng Yi-Fan , Gao Peng-Cheng , Wei Jing , Sun Si , Zhou Jian-Jun , Wang Zhi-Fei , Jiang Yong
Published: June 2016

Spherical micelles self-assembled from PPMA-g-DNA interacted with ssDNA modified gold nanoparticles and the resulting hybrids may serve as nanocarriers for releasing both Nile red and DOX, which can be triggered by many stimuli.
Lighting up the gold nanoparticles quenched fluorescence by silver nanoparticles: a separation distance study
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Taishi , Zhu Zhijun , Gao Nengyue , Xu Qing-Hua
Published: June 2016

Fluorescence intensity of a pre-quenched fluorophore was enhanced by over 100-fold through plasmon coupling interactions, even brighter than unquenched ones.
Facile synthesis and application of multi-shelled SnO2 hollow spheres in lithium ion battery
Authors: Wu Guanglei , Wu Hongjing , Wang Kuikui , Zheng Chenhui , Wang Yiqun , Feng Ailing
Published: June 2016

A simple template-free hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare multi-shelled SnO2 hollow spheres with controlled interior texture.
Three-dimensional macroporous CNT–SnO2 composite monolith for electricity generation and energy storage in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Duan Tigang , Chen Ye , Wen Qing , Yin Jinling , Wang Yuyang
Published: June 2016

A 3D macroporous CNT–SnO2 composite as the anode in microbial fuel cells achieves both good electricity generation and energy storage.
pHLIP-modified magnetic nanoparticles for targeting acidic diseased tissue
Authors: Demin A. M. , Pershina A. G. , Nevskaya K. V. , Efimova L. V. , Shchegoleva N. N. , Uimin M. A. , Kuznetsov D. K. , Shur V. Ya. , Krasnov V. P. , Ogorodova L. M.
Published: June 2016

Covalent immobilization of a pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was carried out resulting in the formation of MRI-visible material able to specifically accumulate in acidic damaged tissue.
Bioinspired magnetite synthesis via solid precursor phases
Authors: Lenders Jos J. M. , Mirabello Giulia , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M.
Published: June 2016

Living organisms often exploit solid but poorly ordered mineral phases as precursors in the biomineralization of their inorganic body parts.
Water resistant CsPbX3 nanocrystals coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their use as solid state luminophores in all-perovskite white light-emitting devices
Authors: Huang He , Chen Bingkun , Wang Zhenguang , Hung Tak Fu , Susha Andrei S. , Zhong Haizheng , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: June 2016

We present stable solid-state perovskite based luminophores with different emission colors via surface protection of CsPbX3 (X = Br or I) with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
Single-atom dispersed Co–N–C catalyst: structure identification and performance for hydrogenative coupling of nitroarenes
Authors: Liu Wengang , Zhang Leilei , Yan Wensheng , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaofeng , Miao Shu , Wang Wentao , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao
Published: June 2016

The single-atom Co–N–C catalyst with the structure of CoN4C8-1-2O2 shows excellent performance for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce azo compounds under mild reaction conditions.
Sticking and sliding of lipid bilayers on deformable substrates
Authors: Stubbington L. , Arroyo M. , Staykova M.
Published: June 2016

Supported lipid membranes exhibit two different stress response mechanisms to substrate deformation.
Self-generation of a quasi p–n junction for high efficiency chemical-doping-free graphene/silicon solar cells using a transition metal oxide interlayer
Authors: Xu Dikai , Yu Xuegong , Gao Dace , Li Cheng , Zhong Mengyao , Zhu Haiyan , Yuan Shuai , Lin Zhan , Yang Deren
Published: June 2016

High performance chemical-doping-free graphene/silicon solar cells with a self-generated quasi p–n junction are reported.
Multilayered drug delivery coatings composed of daidzein-loaded PHBV microspheres embedded in a biodegradable polymer matrix by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Chen Qiang , Li Wei , Yao Qingqing , Liang Ruifang , Pérez-Garcia Rosalina , Munoz Josemari , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: June 2016

Drug encapsulation with predetermined loading, and the fabrication of multilayered drug delivery coatings by a combination of EPD and LbL deposition.
Novel iridium complexes as yellow phosphorescent emitters for single-layer yellow and white polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liang Aihui , Huang Gui , Dong Sheng , Zheng Xiaoyan , Zhu Jia , Wang Zhiping , Wu Wenjin , Zhang Jie , Huang Fei
Published: June 2016

Both yellow and white polymer light-emitting devices are achieved using novel yellow phosphorescent iridium complexes with triphenylamine- and fluorene-functionalized cyclometalating ligands as dopants.