bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent–daughter emotional dyssynchrony correlates with personality and psychopathology in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Amianto Federico , Angelini Jessica Maria , Davico Chiara , Marcotulli Daniele , Anichini Antonella , Rainò Elena , Vitiello Benedetto
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a major concern in adolescents. Attachment problems contribute to its pathogenesis and maintenance. This research explores the relationship between parent–daughter emotional dyssynchrony and the psychopathology of AN daughters.

Methods

One hundred and fourteen female adolescents with AN and their parents participated in this study. The daughters completed the youth self-report (YSR) and other self-report measures of personality, eating, and general psychopathology. The parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The YSR and CBCL ratings were compared and the difference was considered a measure of emotional dyssynchrony. Dyssynchrony scores were correlated with daughters’ personality and psychopathology.

Results

Mothers scored lower on 15/21 (71%), and fathers scored lower on 11/21 (52%). Mothers scored higher than fathers did in thought problems. Mothers' dyssynchrony was positively related to their daughters' harm avoidance and negatively related to their self-directedness. Both parents' dyssynchrony correlated with their daughters' eating habits and general psychopathology. Dyssynchrony in each psychopathological measure of YSR was positively correlated with specific daughters’ psychopathological traits.

Conclusions

Parents' perceptions underestimate the suffering of adolescents with AN. Mothers’ perception was worse than that of fathers, possibly because of greater overinvolvement. Parent–daughter dyssynchrony is largely related to daughters’ psychopathology. This cross-sectional study could not confirm whether dyssynchrony contributed to the onset of AN or follows it. Interventions that promote emotional synchronization may aid in the treatment of adolescents with AN.

Level of evidence

III.
Racial Disparities in Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Treatment
Authors: Scherr Riley , Chow Jacqueline J. , Sing Caitlyn , Kirby Katharine A. , Breuer Joseph A. , Abi-Jaoudeh Nadine
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

To identify demographic predictors, with a focus on race and socioeconomic status, for advanced treatment modality, mortality, and increased length of stay (LOS) in upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage treatment.

Methods

Hospitalizations with acute upper GI hemorrhage from 2016 to 2021 were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. Cases were divided into interventional radiology (IR) and non-IR (endoscopic) treatments. Statistical analyses calculated significant odds ratios via 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome of interest was mortality rate. The secondary outcome of interest was the mean LOS. Confounding factors affecting mortality were also examined.

Results

There was no significant difference in likelihood of an IR procedure or mortality between White patients and both Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic patients. NH Black patients had significantly longer LOS in days compared to White patients (12.61 vs 9.57) that persisted when matching for age and sex (13.78 vs 9.92), socioeconomic status (12.94 vs 10.07), chronic comorbidities (11.33 vs 8.88), blood transfusions (14.46 vs 10.21), and vasopressor use (14.43 vs 10.29) (p < 0.001). These LOS differences were not seen under matching conditions post-COVID-19.

Conclusion

This study presents racial disparities in LOS following acute upper GI hemorrhage, but no differences in advanced treatment utilization or mortality. Confounders were responsible for LOS differences in non-IR treatment, but NH Black patients had persistently longer LOS than White patients after IR treatment.
Balancing Interests: Economic Incentives in Financial Education for Households and Banks
Authors: Bacchiocchi Andrea , Favaretto Federico , Giombini Germana
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the persistent issue of low level of financial literacy in developed countries by examining the economic incentives driving financial education choices. By means of a novel evolutionary game theory approach, we model the interactions between households seeking better loan terms and banks aiming to maximize lending revenues. The analysis highlights the dual channels of financial education: formal education provided by banks and informal education acquired by households through personal networks and social media. Households bear costs in pursuing financial literacy but can negotiate better credit conditions. Banks have conflicting incentives that may not always align with promoting financial literacy. This dual incentive structure can lead banks to under-invest in financial education initiatives, relying instead on “free-riding behavior” where they benefit from households’ informal education efforts. Findings reveal that investment in informal education can either complement or substitute formal education, influencing overall literacy levels and credit market outcomes. The initial level of financial literacy is crucial, as higher initial knowledge promotes sustained improvements. Cyclical patterns in the adoption of financial education strategies occur, influenced by changes in costs and perceived benefits over time. The research underscores the need for policies that consider both household and bank interests. Effective policies should reduce financial education barriers and address potential conflicts of interest in financial advisory services.
Management Control from a Critical Rationalist Perspective: A Discussion on Results Controls
Authors: Wall Friederike
Published: February 2025

Karl R. Popper translated the core idea of critical rationalism to a managerial context when advocating the searching for and learning from mistakes as part of professional ethics. This paper builds on the conjecture that adopting a critical rationalist perspective contributes to advancing management control toward empirical foundation, scrutiny, and continuous learning. Based on the work of critical rationalist Hans Albert, three core components of results controls – namely cause-effect relations, provision of incentives, and accountability – are analyzed for potential obstacles for active testing and learning from mistakes. The impediments identified can be condensed into three types: cognitive limitations, self-interested behavior, and structural properties of results controls, including inherent assumptions about managerial behavior and situational conditions. The findings contribute to management control in various respects – from a more practical side toward means for counteracting the obstacles against a critical rational approach; conceptually, findings indicate so far underdeveloped issues in management control, such as learning on incentivization. Moreover, the analysis reveals that the critical rationalist approach may pose particular challenges for management control and organizational members, as it inherently may impose frequent changes and uncertainty.
Applications of machine learning in gravitational-wave research with current interferometric detectors
Authors: Cuoco Elena , Cavaglià Marco , Heng Ik Siong , Keitel David , Messenger Christopher
Published: February 2025

This article provides an overview of the current state of machine learning in gravitational-wave research with interferometric detectors. Such applications are often still in their early days, but have reached sufficient popularity to warrant an assessment of their impact across various domains, including detector studies, noise and signal simulations, and the detection and interpretation of astrophysical signals. In detector studies, machine learning could be useful to optimize instruments like LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and future detectors. Algorithms could predict and help in mitigating environmental disturbances in real time, ensuring detectors operate at peak performance. Furthermore, machine-learning tools for characterizing and cleaning data after it is taken have already become crucial tools for achieving the best sensitivity of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA network. In data analysis, machine learning has already been applied as an alternative to traditional methods for signal detection, source localization, noise reduction, and parameter estimation. For some signal types, it can already yield improved efficiency and robustness, though in many other areas traditional methods remain dominant. As the field evolves, the role of machine learning in advancing gravitational-wave research is expected to become increasingly prominent. This report highlights recent advancements, challenges, and perspectives for the current detector generation, with a brief outlook to the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors.
Numerical simulation for magnetic dipole in Darcy–Forchheimer flow of diamond $$-{\varvec{S}}{\varvec{i}}{\varvec{C}}-\mathbf{C}{\mathbf{o}}_{3}{\mathbf{O}}_{4}/$$ diathermic oil based trihybrid nanofluid with porous medium and arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Abbas Munawar , Bayz Dyana Aziz , Juraev Nizomiddin , Kanwal Humaira , Abbas Ansar , Younis Jihad , Mahariq Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

This proposed model aims to analyze the characteristics of heat generation and activation energy on the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Diamond

$$-SiC-{\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}/$$

-
S
i
C
-

Co
3

O
4

/

diathermic oil base trihybrid nanofluid under velocity slip conditions, porous medium and magnetic dipole moment. The trihybrid nanoliquid (Diamond

$$-SiC-{\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}/DO$$

-
S
i
C
-

Co
3

O
4

/
D
O

) flow model consists of nanoparticles of Cobalt oxide (

$${\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4})$$

Co
3

O
4

)

, diamond

$$(ND),$$

(
N
D
)
,

and silicon carbide

$$(SiC)$$

(
S
i
C
)

dissolved in diathermic oil (DO). The magnetic dipole has an impact on the subject flow, which is examined on a stretched surface. Taking into consideration the movement of the slip conditions and magnetic dipole increases the fluid model’s uniqueness. By using this approach, the thermal management systems’ heat transfer efficiency can be increased, such as those used to cool electronic equipment and reactors where accurate temperature control is essential. It’s also useful for designing cutting fluids and sophisticated lubricants, where higher viscosity and thermal conductivity are necessary for best results. The simulation can also be used to create new heat exchangers and solar collectors based on nanofluids, which will increase the efficiency of energy conversion. The knowledge gathered from these simulations has the potential to improve chemical processing, especially when it comes to maximizing reactions and the synthesis of materials in regulated magnetic and thermal conditions. By applying the proper similarity transformations, the MATLAB solver bvp4c package finds the mathematical solution to the system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) that are formed from the leading PDEs (partial differential equations). It is revealed that in terms of heat transmission capacities, the trihybrid nanofluid works noticeably better than the hybrid nanofluid and nanofluid. As hydrodynamic interactions and slip parameters increase, the velocity decreases.

Graphical Abstract
Toward an Extensible Regulatory Framework for N-of-1 to N-of-Few Personalized RNA Therapy Design
Authors: Bou-Jaoudeh Mélissa , Piaton-Breda Gabriele , Pereme Florian , Gilbert Stephen
Published: February 2025

The emergence of personalized RNA therapeutics, tailored to individual patients' genetic profiles, offers new hope for treating both common and rare diseases. This review explores regulatory aspects of N-of-1 and N-of-few approaches, providing promising treatments for ultra- or nano-rare diseases that lack established therapies. These diseases present unique challenges, as patients may represent the sole individual or a small group worldwide with a specific mutation, necessitating personalized approaches to treatment development, validation, and approval. While progress is promising, the regulatory landscape remains nascent, raising challenges in ensuring safety and industry sustainability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and automated systems, coupled with real-world evidence (RWE) monitoring, offer significant potential to address these challenges by optimizing development, manufacturing, and regulatory compliance. Drawing parallels from other regulatory domains, this review presents a design envelope framework, integrated with AI tools, to streamline the approval process and enhance the adaptability of RNA-based treatments. Case studies of individualized RNA-based treatments highlight successes and setbacks, underscoring the need for regulatory alignment. Collaborative efforts from stakeholders and regulatory authorities are essential to refine this framework for real-world application. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of personalized RNA therapeutics in advancing precision medicine.
Theme parks and museums in Asia and the Pacific region boost tourism demand in urban areas
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro
Published: February 2025

The main challenge of this paper was to analyse Asian and Pacific theme parks and museums as tourist attractions aimed at increasing tourism demand in the postpandemic period from 2012 to 2022. To address the primary research questions and objectives, this study’s methodology blends qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal that Asian and Pacific theme parks and museums received 1187 billion visitors, a substantial number of whom revitalized and improved the local and regional economies of urban destinations. Cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Shanghai, Seoul, Taipei, Beijing, and Hong Kong provide good air and ground accessibility, connecting them through intermodal transport systems. As a result, these urban cities are the most visited in the Asia–Pacific region and have a high tourism demand. The main novelty and contribution to the literature review of this manuscript is that it helps improve understanding of theme parks and museums in urban cities and their relationships with airports, public transport, and the population, as well as this study highlights the relevance of airport and airline operators in strategic and marketing plans of Asia and Pacific cities’ tourist destinations. Indeed, our findings will be valuable resources for future scholars and practitioners that will address future studies with a broader perspective of air transport in leisure activities.
Two-stage robust optimization of hydrogen microgrid in plateau tourist cities —taking Yunnan Lijiang as an example
Authors: Xu Ran , Hong Zhanghua , Wang Guohua , Zhu Tao , Li Dongfang , Li Zhishan , Zhang Liang , Zhu Xing
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen energy, as a vital supplement to renewable energy, contributes significantly to the system's energy storage benefits. In this work, we build and optimize a hydrogen energy microgrid for the plateau tourist city of Lijiang, taking into account the city's unique geographic and climatic circumstances, with the goal of investigating the potential role of hydrogen energy in the regional energy structure and its economics. The study uses a two-stage robust optimization method to change the microgrid's configuration and operation strategy. The system uses a set of alkaline (ALK) electrolyzers, prioritizes wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) production, as well as considers three hydrogen use pathways: hydrogen peaking, hydrogen transportation (HEV), hydrogen sales. The oxygen produced by the P2G technology can be used to refill portable oxygen cylinders, which will provide additional cash for highland attractions. The performance of this microgrid system was experimentally evaluated under different operating scenarios through simulation. The results show that the system is able to meet the daily power demand of about 920 residents in the ancient city area, supply 16 hydrogen-energy buses in a single day, and provide 694 kg oxygen. Furthermore, the single-day operational cost analysis reveals that using hydrogen energy saves the microgrid 25.72% in running expenses compared to a traditional microgrid. The use of data-driven uncertainty sets reduces operating costs by 20.82% compared to standard microgrids. This paper presents an innovative hydrogen microgrid design strategy for highland tourist communities, proving the benefits of hydrogen energy in facilitating a regional low-carbon transition.
Study of dye reactivity on Moroccan Argan shell biochar: preparation, characterization and DFT calculations
Authors: Ouedrhiri Abdessamad , Abdou Achraf , Lghazi Youssef , Ennabely Mohamed , himi Mohammed Ait , Youbi Boubaker , Wakif Abderrahim , Dakir Mohamed , Bimaghra Itto
Published: February 2025

The porous biomaterial was elaborated from Argan shells, natural residues, using the thermal decomposition method. The crushed and sieved shells were directly carbonized at a temperature of 900 °C for 2 h. Different methods of characterization of activated carbon (AC) thus obtained were carried out, namely analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption equilibrium isotherms. However, N2 adsorption studies on this material gave a BET specific surface area of 471m2/g. The analyses by SEM and XRD crystallography respectively revealed that the elaborated biochar presents a porous surface and that its crystalline structure is amorphous. FTIR analysis showed that hydroxyl, alkyne, carbonyl, methylene and methyl groups compose the surface chemistry of the AC. Finally, Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the carbonized shells have higher thermal stability than the precursor. A study using Density Functional Theory (DFT) was conducted to explore the reactivity of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) on biochar. The global descriptors aligned well with the experimental findings.
Design and development of natural fiber-timber hybrid beam elements for sustainable construction
Authors: Zechmeister C. , Hildebrandt H. , Duque Estrada R. , Chen T.-Y. , Gil Pérez M. , Kannenberg F. , Schlopschnat C. , Göbel M. , Knippers J. , Menges A.
Published: February 2025

The growing demand for inhabitable spaces drives increased reliance on energy-intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel, which significantly contribute to global carbon emissions and resource depletion, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Renewable, bio-based materials like timber provide viable solutions, offering carbon sequestration and reduced environmental impact but lead to challenges related to biodiversity conservation, land use, and sustainable forest management. Natural fibers such as flax are increasingly used in sustainable composite materials and exhibit short growth cycles, minimal environmental impact, and favorable mechanical properties. When combined with timber, natural fiber-timber hybrids offer a large potential for high-performance, resource-efficient structural building parts. By leveraging the complementary strengths of both materials, such hybrids reduce reliance on valuable timber resources, replacing them with fast-growing flax fibers. To realize this potential for natural fiber-timber hybrid beam elements, existing design, evaluation, and fabrication methods for fibrous building parts are expanded and adapted. Suitable material candidates for fiber-timber hybrids are classified and characterized, and morphological parameters are defined to design and evaluate novel beam typologies. To allow for the manufacturing of large-scale natural fiber bodies for use in hybrid beam elements, new robotic fabrication methods are introduced, and existing manufacturing equipment is expanded. These innovations are exemplified by the Hybrid Flax Pavilion, the first permanent building to incorporate load-bearing natural fiber-timber hybrid components.
Analysis of urban flood hazards and adaptation strategies in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Ampofo Justice Agyei , Owusu-Sekyere Ebenezer , Adongo Raymond
Published: February 2025

The study examines urban flood risk and adaptation strategies in the Tamale Metropolitan area of Ghana. Geospatial techniques were employed to map flood-prone communities, while questionnaires were used to gather data from residents on flood adaptation strategies. The Kendall coefficient of concordance was applied to rank the effectiveness of the various adaptation measures. The results revealed that communities with a topographic wetness index (TWI) between −2.0 and −7.7 were at higher risk of flooding. Factors contributing to flooding included the presence of Ferric Luvisols soil with high clay content, low-lying terrain, significant water flow accumulation, and rapid urbanization, which has increased impervious surfaces. Flood barriers and sandbags were ranked the most effective among the adaptation strategies, followed by early warning systems and community evacuation plans. The findings underscore the need for proactive measures to mitigate the growing vulnerability of residents to flooding. The study argues for incorporating flood risk assessments into zoning regulations to prevent development in high-risk areas and promote a flood-resilient city.
Impact of two antimicrobial susceptibility reporting strategies on treatment of bacteremia caused by low-risk AmpC inducible organisms
Authors: Mashru Jai , Elligsen Marion , Daneman Nick , Granger Marie-Félixe , Kozak Robert A. , Li Xena X. , Leis Jerome A. , Lam Philip W.
Published: February 2025

In this retrospective study examining the treatment of low-risk AmpC-producing Enterobacterales bacteremia during two periods with different microbiology reporting strategies, reporting of ceftriaxone susceptibility was associated with a statistically significant decrease in carbapenem use as definitive therapy compared to when susceptibility was suppressed (21 vs 50%, p < 0.0001).
Coordination of aluminum in saponite-like material as a function of synthesis pH
Authors: Dzene Liva , Dutournié Patrick , Rigolet Séverinne , Vidal Loïc , Lassalle-Kaiser Benedikt , Vantelon Delphine , Paineau Erwan
Published: February 2025

Saponite-like materials have a wide range of potential applications, especially in heterogeneous catalysis. Despite the simplicity of the synthesis, the mechanisms of the formation of saponite are not well understood yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible correlation between the coordination of Al in the solid phase and in the solution. For this, samples were prepared by varying the initial OH:Si molar ratio from 0.18 to 2.14, leading to a pH in the supernatant after the hydrothermal treatment of 6.7 to 12.7, respectively. The characterization of the material was performed by combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies, and good agreement was obtained between the two techniques. Between pH7 and pH10, 60–65% of aluminum was found to be in tetrahedral coordination, while this percentage increased above pH10 (up to 81%). These results correlated with the speciation of the aluminum in aqueous solution. Indeed, above pH10, all available aluminum was in the soluble form Al(OH)4–.
Discourse annotation guideline for low-resource languages
Authors: Vargas Francielle , Schmeisser-Nieto Wolfgang , Rabinovich Zohar , Pardo Thiago A. S. , Benevenuto Fabrício
Published: February 2025

Most existing discourse annotation guidelines have focused on the English language. As a result, there is a significant lack of research and resources concerning computational discourse-level language understanding and generation for other languages. To fill this relevant gap, we introduce the first discourse annotation guideline using the rhetorical structure theory (RST) for low-resource languages. Specifically, this guideline provides accurate examples of discourse coherence relations in three romance languages: Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. We further discuss theoretical definitions of RST and compare different artificial intelligence discourse frameworks, hence offering a reliable and accessible survey to new researchers and annotators.
Yugoslavia is (not) a Refugee Country? Refugees between Transit and Integration in an Ever-Changing Socialist State
Authors: Rolandi Francesca
Published: February 2025

Throughout the Cold War, Yugoslavia was the only socialist country that participated in the Western-led international refugee regime and acted as a transit zone for refugees hoping to reach the Western Bloc. Those transiting were mainly, but not exclusively, escapees from various countries in the Soviet bloc. A few refugee groups also settled in Yugoslavia against the backdrop of shifts in international constellations, tense relationships with neighboring countries, and transnational mobilizations. This article will first investigate the dichotomy between transit and the few instances of refugees integrating into socialist Yugoslavia. Next, it will investigate the ease of the resettlement process by exploring how the length of time spent in the country was influenced by hierarchies among different refugee groups based on ethnic origin, political allegiances, class, and which opportunities for resettlement were available to whom. Finally, it will reflect on how the changing role of temporary refuge or permanent haven that Yugoslavia ascribed to itself was constructed and challenged by the host society, potential countries of resettlement, and the refugees themselves.
Pandemic masculinity: urban low-income men and the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Izugbara Chimaraoke
Published: February 2025

In studies of violence against women and children during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as in explanations of men’s increased vulnerability to the disease, the concept of ‘toxic masculinity’ regularly surfaces. However, direct research on men’s perspectives on the pandemic’s impact on them as men remains scarce. Drawing on interview data on urban Nigerian men’s lived experiences and narratives of the epidemic in relation to their identities and roles as men, I explore whether toxic masculinity was emblematic of men’s responses to the Covid-19 socio-economic crisis. While I found little evidence of the men’s reliance on toxic masculine practices to maintain their identities as men during the pandemic, their accounts revealed something quite significant: the reconstitution of masculine success in terms of the ability to adjust to the times by discontinuing practices that, while once essential to their identity as men, now threatened their image as capable providers. These adjustments, which frequently involved resorting to practices that would be considered unmanly, were constituted as part of the routine situational pivots that ‘real’ men must make, in keeping with their role as all-weather providers. I conclude with a reflection on how so-called non-heteronormative male performances might still mask gender inequalities and perpetuate certain aspects of patriarchal power.
White Democrats’ Growing Support for Black Politicians in the Era of the “Great Awokening”
Authors: MIKKELBORG ANNA CAROLINE
Published: February 2025

Equitable representation of minority groups is a challenge for democratic government. One way to resolve this dilemma is for majority-group voters to support minority-group candidates, but this support is often elusive. To understand how such inter-group coalitions become possible, this paper investigates the case of white Democratic Americans’ growing support for Black political candidates. I show that as white Democrats’ racial attitudes have liberalized, an increasing number of majority-white districts have elected Black congressional representatives. White Democratic survey respondents have also come to prefer Black candidate profiles, as demonstrated in a meta-analysis of 42 experiments. White Democratic respondents in a series of original conjoint experiments were most likely to prefer Black profiles when they expressed awareness of racial discrimination, low racial resentment, and dislike towards Trump. Additional tests underscore the association between majority-group voters’ concern about racial injustice and their support for minority-group candidates.
Assessing the Association Between the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns, Structural Connectivity, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Arnoldy Lizanne , Gauci Sarah , Young Lauren M. , Macpherson Helen , Civier Oren , Scholey Andrew , Pipingas Andrew , White David J.
Published: February 2025

The rising incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in an ageing global population has shifted research focus toward modifiable risk factors, such as diet. Despite potential links between dietary patterns and brain health, inconsistencies in neuroimaging outcomes underscore a gap in understanding how diet impacts brain ageing. This study explores the relationship between three dietary patterns—Mediterranean (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)—and cognitive outcomes as well as brain connectivity. The study aimed to assess the association of these diets with brain structure and cognitive function, involving a middle-aged healthy group and an older cohort with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The study included cognitive assessments and diffusion-weighted MRI data to analyse white matter microstructural integrity. Participants comprised 55 older individuals with SCD (54.5% female, mean age = 64) and 52 healthy middle-aged individuals (48.1% female, mean age = 53). Age inversely correlated with certain cognitive functions and global brain metrics, across both cohorts. Adherence to the MeDi, DASH, and MIND diets showed no significant cognitive or global brain metric improvements after adjusting for covariates (age, education, BMI). Network-based statistics (NBS) analysis revealed differences in brain subnetworks based on DASH diet adherence levels in the SCD cohort. In the healthy cohort, lower white matter connectivity was associated with reduced adherence to MIND and DASH diets. Ultimately, the study found no strong evidence connecting dietary patterns to cognitive or brain connectivity outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and refine dietary assessments.
Navigating the biosocial: perspectives of early career researchers working with birth cohorts.
Authors: Borra Catherine , Tabor Evangeline , Cole Faith , Stock Sarah
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there have been increasing calls for the development and growth of the biosocial as a paradigm through which to tackle complex problems. The use of birth cohorts, mixed methods frameworks, and interdisciplinary work are common in biosocial research. However, these practices are also theoretically and practically complex due to epistemic, methodological, and academic challenges – particularly for early career researchers (ECRs) who face time constraints, funding limitations, and disciplinary expectations.

This paper draws on lessons from the experiences of ECRs in biosocial research by reflecting on theoretical heterogeneity, the necessity of translation and negotiation across disciplines and methodologies, and the practicalities of funding, collaboration, and dissemination. Throughout, the paper discusses strategies to overcome common challenges and provide suggestions for fellow ECRs and those interested in biosocial ECR training and development. The paper highlights the importance of strong networks with senior biosocial researchers and peers, the value of practical support, and the importance of formal and informal learning opportunities. The authors call for the enthusiasm for biosocial research to be matched with investment in the development and support for ECRs.
The foreign language effect on lies’ perception: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Xie Shiyu , Liao Xiaogen , Ni Chuanbin
Published: February 2025

Although accumulating evidence has demonstrated the foreign language (FL) effect in various scenarios, it remains underexplored whether the FL effect (FLe) would be modulated by the affective valence of scenarios. Hence, we investigated the FLe on the perception of egoistic lies and altruistic lies behaviorally and electrophysiologically. Behavior results showed that compared to using a native language (NL), using a FL led to more agreement with egoistic lies but a comparable level with altruistic lies. Electrophysiological results showed that skin conductance responses (SCRs) elicited by the truth were stronger in the FL compared to that in the NL, whereas SCRs elicited by lies, although strong, exhibited less sensitivity to the altruistic/egoistic condition. SCRs suggested that increased cognitive thinking and reduced affective thinking may contribute to the FLe on egoistic lies dependently or interactively, but these mechanisms cannot accommodate altruistic lies. The results implied the FLe is more stable and obvious in negative contexts.
Access All Areas: Breaking Down the Barriers to Legal Information
Authors: Sheridan Gavin
Published: February 2025

The decisions of courts and tribunals, and the statutes that societies live under, are the building blocks to the rule of law. Access to this information for legal professionals can be difficult while access for the general public is often impossible. This article by Gavin Sheridan, the co-founder and CEO at Vizlegal, considers a first principles approach to the barriers to access, how the legal industry has adapted, how technology companies can address and improve it and how the future of legal information involves open access, open standards and innovation built on top of legal data.
What leads clinicians to exclude drug and alcohol users from NHS Talking Therapies services? An audit of decision making within clinical records
Authors: Shahriyarmolki Khodayar , Hemingway Rachael L. , Strang Hannah J.
Published: February 2025

Drug and alcohol users have been suggested to face disproportionate exclusion from mental health services, but data on any such exclusion are not readily available. This study examined the clinical records of those excluded from an NHS Talking Therapies service due to drug or alcohol use, focusing on (1) quantitative levels of alcohol consumption, and (2) the rationales documented by clinicians for excluding these individuals. Our results suggest that over half (57%) of those excluded due to alcohol use were consuming below the 15-unit daily threshold recommended for signposting to specialist alcohol assessment. Clinicians cited various rationales for exclusion, including the potential for poor treatment outcomes and health risks associated with concurrent use. Due to being based on a single service, these findings may be limited in their generalisability, but they offer an initial signal that there is potential over-exclusion of some alcohol users from NHS Talking Therapies, and that rationales for exclusion may not consistently align with best practice principles. We discuss implications for NHS Talking Therapies clinicians, and for the development of future clinical guidance.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand how different levels of drug or alcohol use may affect the outcomes of psychological therapy.

(2)

To learn why individuals with drug or alcohol use experience exclusion from mental health services.

(3)

To examine how clinical practice within an NHS Talking Therapies service aligns with best practice principles.

(4)

To explore skills and clinical principles that can lead to optimal treatment planning for these individuals.

(5)

To explore how integrated working between NHS Talking Therapies and local drug and alcohol services can enhance service-user experiences.
Mädchen im Sport – No-Body is Perfect?!
Authors: Smith Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Die Rubrik „Sportpsychologie Digest“ liefert Überblicke über interessante und aktuelle Artikel und Praxisprojekte aus der Sportpsychologie. Einreichungen für diese Rubrik nimmt Geoffrey Schweizer ( geoffrey.schweizer@issw.uni-heilberg.de ) gerne als verantwortlicher Herausgeber entgegen.
Lactylation-driven transcriptional activation of FBXO33 promotes gallbladder cancer metastasis by regulating p53 polyubiquitination
Authors: Wu Zhenheng , Peng You , Chen Wen , Xia Feng , Song Tieshan , Ke Qiming
Published: February 2025

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract and is often prone to early distant metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying GBC’s invasive metastasis remain unclear. This study identified that F-box only protein 33 (FBXO33) expression is significantly elevated in GBC and is negatively associated with patient prognosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of FBXO33 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in GBC, while overexpression of FBXO33 promotes EMT progression. Mechanistically, FBXO33 regulates EMT progression by modulating the polyubiquitination of p53 at K291 and K292. Moreover, the upregulation of FBXO33 in GBC is driven by transcriptional regulation mediated by Yin Yang-1 (YY1). The lactylation modification of YY1 at K183 was found to be essential for the transcriptional activation of FBXO33. These findings underscore the role of the lactylation-driven FBXO33-p53 axis in promoting the invasive metastasis of GBC.
Loss of TC-PTP in keratinocytes leads to increased UVB-induced autophagy
Authors: Asare Obed , Shim Lindsey , Lee Cheol-Jung , Delgado Jose , Quailes Natasha , Zavala Klarissa , Park Junsoo , Hafeez Bilal Bin , Cho Yong-Yeon , Chauhan Subhash C. , Kim Dae Joon
Published: February 2025

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can distort cellular homeostasis and predispose the skin to carcinogenesis. Amongst the deteriorating effects of the sun’s UVB radiation on cellular homeostasis is the formation of DNA photoproducts. These photoproducts can cause significant changes in the structure and conformation of DNA, inducing gene mutations which may accumulate to trigger the formation of skin cancer. Photoproducts are typically repaired by nucleotide excision repair. Notwithstanding, when the repair mechanism fails, apoptosis ensues to prevent the accumulation of mutations and to restore cellular homeostasis. This present study reports that T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) can increase UVB-induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy-mediated cell survival of damaged keratinocytes. TC-PTP deficiency in 3PC mouse keratinocytes led to the formation of autophagic vacuoles and increased expression of LC3-II. We established human TC-PTP-deficient (TC-PTP/KO) HaCaT cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. TC-PTP/KO HaCaT cells exhibited increased cell survival upon UVB exposure, which was accompanied by increased expression of LC3-II and decreased expression of p62 compared to control cells. Pretreatment of TC-PTP/KO HaCaT cells with early-phase autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine significantly decreased the expression of LC3-II and reduced cell survival in response to UVB irradiation in comparison with untreated TC-PTP/KO cells. Pretreatment of TC-PTP/KO HaCaT cells with late-phase inhibitor, chloroquine also significantly reduced cell viability with increased accumulation of LC3-II after UVB irradiation compared to untreated counterpart cells. While UVB significantly increased apoptosis in the engineered (Mock) cells, this was not observed in similarly treated TC-PTP/KO HaCaT cells. However, chloroquine treatment increased apoptosis in TC-PTP/KO HaCaT cells. Examination of human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed that TC-PTP expression was inversely correlated with LC3 expression. Our findings suggest that TC-PTP negatively regulates autophagy-mediated survival of damaged cells following UVB exposure, which can contribute to remove damaged keratinocytes via apoptosis.
Pelvic physical therapy for male sexual disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Sahin Emel , Brand Alma , Cetindag Elif Nazli , Messelink Bert , Yosmaoglu Hayri Baran
Published: February 2025

Pelvic physical therapy is an evidence-based, first-line treatment for many pelvic floor disorders and sexual dysfunction. Studies have shown that pelvic physical therapy programs can both improve pelvic floor dysfunctions and sexual function. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art regarding pelvic physical therapy for male sexual dysfunction to inform healthcare providers who treat men with sexual dysfunction better. A literature review was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to find review articles, research articles, and case studies about the effect of pelvic physical therapy treatments for male sexual dysfunction. Twenty-six articles were found about various pelvic physical therapy interventions. Besides this overview of the literature, an overview of interventions used in clinical practice is also provided. This narrative review supports the potential efficacy of pelvic physical therapy in addressing male sexual dysfunction. Pelvic physical therapy approaches that comprise exercise modalities, electrotherapy approaches, manipulative techniques, lifestyle changes, behavioral suggestions, and pain management strategies, should be suggested for potential benefits in improving erectile function, premature ejaculation, and sexual dysfunction-associated chronic pelvic pain. More research is needed to examine the effect of pelvic physical therapy on hypoactive sexual desire and delayed ejaculation.
Pupil size reveals arousal level fluctuations in human sleep
Authors: Carro-Domínguez Manuel , Huwiler Stephanie , Oberlin Stella , Oesch Timona Leandra , Badii Gabriela , Lüthi Anita , Wenderoth Nicole , Meissner Sarah Nadine , Lustenberger Caroline
Published: February 2025

Recent animal research has revealed the intricate dynamics of arousal levels that are important for maintaining proper sleep resilience and memory consolidation. In humans, changes in arousal level are believed to be a determining characteristic of healthy and pathological sleep but tracking arousal level fluctuations has been methodologically challenging. Here we measured pupil size, an established indicator of arousal levels, by safely taping the right eye open during overnight sleep and tested whether pupil size affects cortical response to auditory stimulation. We show that pupil size dynamics change as a function of important sleep events across different temporal scales. In particular, our results show pupil size to be inversely related to the occurrence of sleep spindle clusters, a marker of sleep resilience. Additionally, we found pupil size prior to auditory stimulation to influence the evoked response, most notably in delta power, a marker of several restorative and regenerative functions of sleep. Recording pupil size dynamics provides insights into the interplay between arousal levels and sleep oscillations.
Unsupervised identification of crystal defects from atomistic potential descriptors
Authors: Kývala Lukáš , Montero de Hijes Pablo , Dellago Christoph
Published: February 2025

Identifying crystal defects is vital for unraveling the origins of many physical phenomena. Traditionally used order parameters are system-dependent and can be computationally expensive to calculate for long molecular dynamics simulations. Unsupervised algorithms offer an alternative independent of the studied system and can utilize precalculated atomistic potential descriptors from molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the performance of three such algorithms (PCA, UMAP, and PaCMAP) on silicon and water systems. Initially, we evaluate the algorithms for recognizing phases, including crystal polymorphs and the melt, followed by an extension of our analysis to identify interstitials, vacancies, and interfaces. While PCA is found unsuitable for effective classification, it has been shown to be a suitable initialization for UMAP and PaCMAP. Both UMAP and PaCMAP show promising results overall, with PaCMAP proving more robust in classification, except in cases of significant class imbalance, where UMAP performs better. Notably, both algorithms successfully identify nuclei in supercooled water, demonstrating their applicability to ice nucleation in water.
Autophagy repression by antigen and cytokines shapes mitochondrial, migration and effector machinery in CD8 T cells
Authors: Sinclair Linda V. , Youdale Tom , Spinelli Laura , Gakovic Milica , Langlands Alistair J. , Pathak Shalini , Howden Andrew J. M. , Ganley Ian G. , Cantrell Doreen A.
Published: February 2025

Autophagy shapes CD8 T cell fate; yet the timing, triggers and targets of this process are poorly defined. Herein, we show that naive CD8 T cells have high autophagic flux, and we identify an autophagy checkpoint whereby antigen receptor engagement and inflammatory cytokines acutely repress autophagy by regulating amino acid transporter expression and intracellular amino acid delivery. Activated T cells with high levels of amino acid transporters have low autophagic flux in amino-acid-replete conditions but rapidly reinduce autophagy when amino acids are restricted. A census of proteins degraded and fueled by autophagy shows how autophagy shapes CD8 T cell proteomes. In cytotoxic T cells, dominant autophagy substrates include cytolytic effector molecules, and amino acid and glucose transporters. In naive T cells, mitophagy dominates and selective mitochondrial pruning supports the expression of molecules that coordinate T cell migration and survival. Autophagy thus differentially prunes naive and effector T cell proteomes and is dynamically repressed by antigen receptors and inflammatory cytokines to shape T cell differentiation.
Sequence processing with quantum-inspired tensor networks
Authors: Harvey Carys , Yeung Richie , Meichanetzidis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

We introduce efficient tensor network models for sequence processing motivated by correspondence to probabilistic graphical models, interpretability and resource compression. Inductive bias is introduced via network architecture as motivated by correlation and compositional structure in the data. We create expressive networks utilising tensors that are both complex and unitary. As such they may be represented by parameterised quantum circuits and describe physical processes. The relevant inductive biases result in networks with logarithmic treewidth which is paramount for avoiding trainability issues in these spaces. For the same reason, they are also efficiently contractable or ‘quantum-inspired’. We demonstrate experimental results for the task of binary classification of bioinformatics and natural language, characterised by long-range correlations and often equipped with syntactic information. This work provides a scalable route for experimentation on the role of tensor structure and syntactic priors in NLP. Since these models map operationally to the qubits of a quantum processor, unbiased sampling equates to taking measurements on the quantum state encoding the learnt probability distribution. We demonstrate implementation on Quantinuum’s H2-1 trapped-ion quantum processor, showing the potential of near-term quantum devices.