bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the p75NTR signaling pathway in persistent synaptic suppression coupled with synapse elimination following repeated long‐term depression induction
Authors: Egashira Yoshihiro , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Soni Priyanka , Sakuragi Shigeo , Tominaga‐Yoshino Keiko , Ogura Akihiko
Published: October 2010

Synaptic plasticity, especially structural plasticity, is thought to be a basis for long‐lasting memory. We previously reported that, in rat hippocampus slice cultures, repeated induction of long‐term depression (LTD) by application of a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist led to slowly developing, long‐lasting synaptic suppression coupled with synapse elimination. We referred to this phenomenon as LOSS (LTD‐repetition‐operated synaptic suppression) to discriminate it from conventional single LTD and proposed it as a model for analyzing structural plasticity. Recently, proneurotrophin‐activated p75NTR signaling has been gaining attention as a possible pathway for the regulation of both neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, we examined whether this signaling has a role in the establishment of LOSS. The application of anisomycin indicated that, for LOSS to occur, novel protein synthesis is needed within 6 hr after the induction of mGluR‐dependent LTD, which demonstrates that LOSS is an active process and therefore is not due to withering in response to a shortage of trophic factors. Furthermore, we found that pro‐BDNF (a species of proneurotrophins) is newly synthesized within 6 hr after the induction of LTD. We therefore exogenously applied a cleavage‐resistant form of pro‐BDNF, finding synaptic suppression similar to LOSS. LOSS could be abolished by the application of an antibody that binds to and neutralizes p75NTR following repeated LTD induction. These results suggest involvement of the p75NTR signaling pathway in the long‐lasting decremental form of synaptic plasticity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A population‐based study of associations between current posttraumatic stress symptoms and current fatigue
Authors: Lerdal Anners , Lee Kathryn A. , Rokne Berit , Knudsen Jr. Øistein , Wahl Astrid K. , Dahl Alv A.
Published: October 2010

This study explores current experience with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and other variables (sociodemographic, mental distress, somatic morbidity, self‐rated health, and quality of life [QoL]) in relation to fatigue. A representative sample of the Norwegian population (N = 3,944) was invited to participate in a mailed survey, and 1,857 (47%) returned valid responses on the questionnaire that included the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale‐10. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms showed a strong association with fatigue in univariate (β = .41) and multivariate analyses (β = .33). Associations between psychosocial health variables, QoL, and fatigue were confirmed. However, PTSD symptoms showed the strongest association with fatigue in the analyses. Findings need to be replicated in other population samples and in clinical samples with PTSD and fatigue.
Kinetics of MnO−4 oxidation of succinic acid in aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Malik Maqsood Ahmad , Al‐Nowaiser F. M. , Ahmad Naushad , Khan Zaheer
Published: October 2010

The rate of electron transfer from succinic acid to permanganate increases with an increase in the concentration of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The micellar catalysis is attributed to the formation of an ion pair between CTAB subaggregates and reactants as well as an increase in the concentration (solubilization) of both reactants and/or intermediate in the micellar pseudophase. The effects of inorganic salts (MnCl2, NaF, NaBr, and NaNO3) have also been studied and discussed. The observed results are discussed in terms of the pseudophase model of the micelles proposed by Menger and Portony. Mechanisms consistent with the observed kinetic data have been proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 704–712, 2010
Synthesis and Properties of Hyperbranched Polyimides Combined with Silica
Authors: Minko Evgenia , Sysel Petr , Hauf Michal , Brus Jiří , Kobera Libor
Published: October 2010

Summary: The novel hyperbranched polyimide ‐ silica hybrid materials containing theoretically 16 wt% of an inorganic phase were prepared via a sol‐gel process. An amine terminated polyimide precursor (hyperbranched polyamic acid) was prepared from commercially available monomers 4,4′,4″‐triaminotriphenylmethane and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride in molar ratio 1:1. Tetramethoxysilane and/or 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (also used as a coupling agent) were used as silica precursors. During thermal exposition the polyimide precursor was transformed to hyperbranched polyimide and hydrolyzed alkoxy groups reacted mutually to form silica. The final products were self‐standing films, whose structure was characterized by using IR and 13C and 29Si solid state NMR spectroscopy. The influence of the amount of silica and/or coupling agent on their structure and thermal properties was described.
Presentation, diagnosis, and management of multiple system atrophy in Europe: Final analysis of the European multiple system atrophy registry
Authors: Köllensperger Martin , Geser Felix , Ndayisaba Jean‐Pierre , Boesch Sylvia , Seppi Klaus , Ostergaard Karen , Dupont Erik , Cardozo A. , Tolosa Eduardo , Abele Michael , Klockgether Thomas , Yekhlef Farid , Tison Francois , Daniels Christine , Deuschl Günther , Coelho Miguel , Sampaio Cristina , Bozi Maria , Quinn Niall , Schrag Anette , Mathias Chris J. , Fowler Clare , Nilsson Christer F. , Widner Håkan , Schimke Nicole , Oertel Wolfgang , del Sorbo Francesca , Albanese Alberto , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Barone Paolo , Djaldetti Ruth , Colosimo Carlo , Meco Giuseppe , Gonzalez‐Mandly Antonio , Berciano Jose , Gurevich Tanya , Giladi Nir , Galitzky Monique , Rascol Olivier , Kamm Christoph , Gasser Thomas , Siebert Uwe , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K. ,   on behalf of the EMSA‐SG
Published: October 2010

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a Parkinson's Disease (PD)‐like α‐synucleinopathy clinically characterized by dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs in any combination. We aimed to determine whether the clinical presentation of MSA as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies differ across Europe and Israel. In 19 European MSA Study Group centres all consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of MSA were recruited from 2001 to 2005. A standardized minimal data set was obtained from all patients. Four‐hundred thirty‐seven MSA patients from 19 centres in 10 countries were included. Mean age at onset was 57.8 years; mean disease duration at inclusion was 5.8 years. According to the consensus criteria 68% were classified as parkinsonian type (MSA‐P) and 32% as cerebellar type (MSA‐C) (probable MSA: 72%, possible MSA: 28%). Symptomatic dysautonomia was present in almost all patients, and urinary dysfunction (83%) more common than symptomatic orthostatic hypotension (75%). Cerebellar ataxia was present in 64%, and parkinsonism in 87%, of all cases. No significant differences in the clinical presentation were observed between the participating countries. In contrast, diagnostic work up and therapeutic strategies were heterogeneous. Less than a third of patients with documented orthostatic hypotension or neurogenic bladder disturbance were receiving treatment. This largest clinical series of MSA patients reported so far shows that the disease presents uniformly across Europe. The observed differences in diagnostic and therapeutic management including lack of therapy for dysautonomia emphasize the need for future guidelines in these areas. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Uterine expression of sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 3 and its regulation by sex‐steroid hormones during the estrous cycle of rats
Authors: Yang Hyun , Yoo Yeong‐Min , Jung Eui‐Man , Choi Kyung‐Chul , Jeung Eui‐Bae
Published: October 2010

Plasma membrane sodium/calcium exchangers are an important component of intracellular calcium homeostasis and electrical conduction. NCKX3 (gene SLC24A3), a potassium‐dependent sodium‐/calcium exchanger, plays a critical role in the transport of one intracellular calcium and potassium ion across the cell membrane in exchange for four extracellular sodium ions. NCKX3 transcripts are most abundant in the brain and smooth muscle, but many other tissues, in particular, the uterus, aorta and intestine, also express this gene at lower levels. However, the expression and physiological roles of NCKX3 in the uterus of rats during the estrous cycle are unknown. Thus, we examined the uterine expression of NCKX3 mRNA and protein at different stages of the estrous cycle in mature and immature female rats in the absence or presence of the sex‐steroid hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). During the estrous cycle, uterine expression of NCKX3 mRNA and protein was enhanced up to 4.0‐ and 2.5‐fold, respectively, at proestrus compared to during estrus and diestrus. To examine the effect of sex steroids on NCKX3 regulation in the uterus, immature female rats were treated with E2 (40 µg/kg body weight; BW), P4 (4 mg/kg BW), or E2 plus P4 for 3 days. The expression of NCKX3 mRNA and protein was induced by E2, whereas P4 antagonized E2‐induced NCKX3 expression. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed that uterine NCKX3 protein was abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of luminal and glandular epithelial cells throughout the estrous cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that uterine NCKX3 is abundantly expressed in the uterus and that its expression is regulated by the steroid hormones, E2 and P4. These findings suggest that NCKX3 may be involved in reproductive function during the estrous cycle in female rats. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:971–977, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution of quasi‐static large‐strain problems by the material point method
Authors: Beuth L. , Więckowski Z. , Vermeer P. A.
Published: October 2010

A procedure for solving quasi‐static large‐strain problems by the material point method is presented. Owing to the Lagrangian–Eulerian features of the method, problems associated with excessive mesh distortions that develop in the Lagrangian formulations of the finite element method are avoided. Three‐dimensional problems are solved utilizing 15‐noded prismatic and 10‐noded tetrahedral elements with quadratic interpolation functions as well as an implicit integration scheme. An algorithm for exploiting the numerical integration procedure on the computational mesh is proposed. Several numerical examples are shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrosative stress elicited by nNOSµ delocalization inhibits muscle force in dystrophin‐null mice
Authors: Li Dejia , Yue Yongping , Lai Yi , Hakim Chady H , Duan Dongsheng
Published: October 2010

The mechanism of force reduction is not completely understood in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dystrophin‐deficient lethal disease. Nitric oxide regulates muscle force. Interestingly, neuronal nitric oxide synthase µ (nNOSµ), a major source of muscle nitric oxide, is lost from the sarcolemma in DMD muscle. We hypothesize that nNOSµ delocalization contributes to force reduction in DMD. To test this hypothesis, we generated dystrophin/nNOSµ double knockout mice. Genetic elimination of nNOSµ significantly enhanced force in dystrophin‐null mice. Pharmacological inhibition of nNOS yielded similar results. To further test our hypothesis, we studied δ‐sarcoglycan‐null mice, a model of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy. These mice had minimal sarcolemmal nNOSµ delocalization and muscle force was less compromised. Annihilation of nNOSµ did not improve their force either. To determine whether nNOSµ delocalization itself inhibited force, we corrected muscle disease in dystrophin‐null mice with micro‐dystrophins that either restored or did not restore sarcolemmal nNOSµ. Similar muscle force was obtained irrespective of nNOSµ localization. Additional studies suggest that nNOSµ delocalization selectively inhibits muscle force in dystrophin‐null mice via nitrosative stress. In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that nitrosative stress elicited by nNOSµ delocalization is an important mechanism underlying force loss in DMD. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diagnostic dilemma of congenital unstable hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Yates Amber M. , Mortier Nicole A. , Hyde Kristina S. , Hankins Jane S. , Ware Russell E.
Published: October 2010

Unstable hemoglobin variants represent a rare etiology of congenital hemolytic anemia. Without a high index of suspicion, plus proper laboratory testing and interpretation, the correct diagnosis can be elusive. We report on five children who were initially thought to have other congenital disorders such as hereditary spherocytosis or thalassemia, before β‐globin gene sequencing led to the definitive diagnosis. Recognizing the variable clinical presentation and laboratory data reported will aid clinicians in diagnosis of unstable hemoglobins variants in children with atypical forms of hemolytic anemia, particularly those with low pulse oximetry values or whose hemoglobin electrophoresis suggest β‐thalassemia trait. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1393–1395. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temsirolimus for metastatic desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Authors: Thijs Anna M.J. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , van Herpen Carla M.L.
Published: October 2010

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that mostly occurs in young males. No curative treatment options currently exist for this type of tumor and long‐term survival remains poor. In vitro rapamycin induces apoptotic death of JN‐DSRCT‐1 cells, a possible model for desmoplastic small round cell tumors in which the EWS gene is fused to the WT1 gene. We therefore demonstrate the prolonged activity of temsirolimus, an mTOR‐inhibitor, in a patient with DSRCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1431–1432. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of nonideal hyperbranched A2+ B3polycondensation: Simulation and comparison with experiments
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Wang Long , He Xuehao
Published: October 2010

To overcome the deficiency of mean field method in introducing the intramolecular cyclization and the steric effects, the reactive bond fluctuation model was applied to study nonideal hyperbranched A2+ B3polycondensation, which has high sensitivity of gelation to the concentration of monomers, the feed ratio and the reactivity of functional groups. Simulation demonstrated that the mean field theory overestimated hyperbranched polymerization especially at high reaction conversion in the system with low monomer concentration where the intramolecular cyclization and the steric hindrance play crucial influences on molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and gel point (GP). The dependences of GP on the monomer concentration, feed ratio, and the reactivity of groups are clearly shown. We further simulated a specific polycondensation system with aromatic terephthaloyl chloride (TCl, A2) and 1,1,1‐tris(4‐trimethylsiloxyphenyl)ethane (TMS‐THPE, B3) (Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6846) using fitting technology, and estimated molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, GPs, and the conformation of hyperbanched polymer. It provides a feasible way to quantitatively understand hyperbranched polymerization with the reaction specificity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Local enhancement of inelastic tunnelling in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001)
Authors: Červenka J. , van de Ruit K. , Flipse C. F. J.
Published: October 2010

We have measured the elastic and inelastic tunnelling properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) using cryogenic scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We find that the dominant inelastic channel of the out‐of‐plane acoustic graphene phonon at 70 mV is spatially localized to particular regions of the graphene–SiC system that contain localized states. At these locations the maximum inelastic tunnelling channel reaches up to half of the total tunnelling current. The local enhancement of the inelastic tunnelling is found at the localized electron states of the graphene/SiC interface layer. Nonequilibrium Green's function formalism theory calculations indicate that this intense inelastic channel arises from graphene phonon modes strongly coupled to narrow electron states.
Theoretical studies of one‐dimensional C36 coplanar polymers
Authors: Bai Hongcun , Ai Yafan , Huang Yuanhe
Published: October 2010

The structures and electronic, elastic and transport properties of the one‐dimensional coplanar polymers constructed by sharing pentagons or hexagons of C36 cages are investigated using a self‐consistent field crystal orbital method based on density functional theory. It is found that these C36 coplanar polymers are all energetically favourable. The stability of the coplanar polymers is related to the atomic positions in the coalescent region and the size of retained aromatic domains. They are softer than carbon nanotubes due to the smaller Young's moduli. The calculated band structures show that these coplanar polymers can be a metal or a semiconductor. Moreover, the mobility of charge carriers is also calculated based on the deformation potential approach.
Science teachers' views of science and religion vs. the Islamic perspective: Conflicting or compatible?
Authors: Mansour Nasser
Published: October 2010

This paper reports a study that explores Egyptian science teachers' views on religion and science within the context of Islam. It also highlights an ontological and epistemological consideration of these views, particularly the ways through which Egyptian Muslim teachers understand such a relationship with reference to the Qur'anic/Islamic attitude toward science and knowledge. The study built upon Barbour's categorization scheme to guide the data collection and analysis and to guide the interpretation of the teachers' responses in the interviews. Informed by a multigrounded theory of the teachers' views of science and religion, and using Roth and Alexander's analytical framework to interpret how teachers accommodate the relationship between science and religion within their belief system, the findings suggest that participants' views of the relationship between science and a specific religion (Islam) confirmed the centrality of teachers' personal religious beliefs to their own thoughts and views concerning issues of both science and Islam. This centralization, in some cases, appeared to lead teachers to hold a conflicting relationship, hence to a creation of a false contradiction between science and Islam. Therefore, it could be concluded that teachers' personal Islamic‐religious beliefs inform their beliefs about the nature of science and its purpose. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:281–309, 2011
Stahlleichtbau mit Verbundelementen
Authors: Lange Jörg , Rack Werner , Kurpiela Aneta , Rädel Felicitas , Hörnel‐Metzger Beate
Published: October 2010

Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stahlleichtbau mit Verbundelementen. Im Vordergrund stehen hierbei Bauteile mit Blechdicken < 3 mm, die im Verbund mit OSB‐ oder Gipskartonplatten wirken. Durch die Verbundwirkung ergeben sich nennenswerte Verbesserungen der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit sowie der bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften. Weiterhin werden Sandwichelemente behandelt.

Lightweight steel construction with composite elements. This paper contains an overview of lightweight steel structures acting compositely with other materials. Primarily members with wall thicknesses below 3 mm are covered. They act together with OSB‐ or gypsum‐boards. This leads to a significant improvement of the ultimate load as well as of the serviceability and building physics aspects. Furthermore sandwich panels are discussed.
Maxilla–nasion–mandible angle: a new method to assess profile anomalies in pregnancy
Authors: de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Manten G. T. R. , Tromp E. , Bilardo C. M.
Published: October 2010

Objectives

To collect normative data and test the feasibility and reproducibility of measurement of the maxilla–nasion–mandible (MNM) angle between 16 and 36 weeks' gestation and its diagnostic ability in a group of pathological cases.

Methods

The MNM angle is defined as the angle between the intersection of the maxilla–nasion and mandible–nasion lines in the exact mid‐sagittal plane. After assessing reproducibility, the MNM angle was measured in 3D volumes in 241 fetuses cross‐sectionally and in 11 fetuses longitudinally. The MNM angle was then tested in 18 pathological cases with facial malformations or syndromes with specific facial features.

Results

The MNM angle could be measured in 92.3% of normal fetuses. Intra‐ and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) variability was 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. The difference between paired measurements performed by one or two observers was less than 2.5° and 3.6°, respectively in 95% of the cases. The mean MNM angle was 13.5° and did not change significantly during pregnancy (r = − 0.08, P = 0.25). The MNM angle was above the 95th centile in all cases of retrognathia and maxillary alveolar ridge interruption. The MNM angle was below the 5th centile in Apert syndrome, thanatophoric dysplasia and in two of the three Down syndrome cases.

Conclusions

The feasibility and reproducibility of measurement of the MNM angle is good. The MNM angle can be used to evaluate the convexity of the fetal profile by enabling an objective assessment of the anteroposterior relationship of the jaws and it may therefore be of help in the diagnosis of retrognathia, maxillary alveolar ridge interruption and flat profile. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dekontamination von Primärverpackungen mittels Atmosphärendruckplasmen
Authors: Ehlbeck Jörg , Andrasch Mathias , Schnabel Uta , Rackow Kristian , Neumann Torsten , Krohmann Udo , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Großjohann Beatrice , Braun Dagmar , Klein Martin , Schultz Gerd
Published: October 2010

Zunehmende Transportwege aufgrund sich ausdehnender urbaner Zonen und wachsender Märkte im Zuge der Globalisierung führen zu steigenden Ansprüchen an Verpackungen für verderbliche Produkte. Die Haltbarkeit vieler Produkte wird bestimmt einerseits durch die mikrobiologische Belastung, andererseits durch Diffusion initiierte Abbauprozesse. Auf die Verwendung von Konservierungsstoffen möchte man möglichst verzichten, da diese im Verdacht stehen, allergene Reaktionen auszulösen.

Für die antimikrobielle Behandlung der Verpackungen stehen zwei chemische Verfahren zur Verfügung. Das Nassverfahren beruht auf Peressigsäure, wohingegen das Trockenverfahren auf Wasserstoffperoxid beruht. Sowohl in der Lebensmittelindustrie als auch in der Pharmaindustrie möchte man auf die Anwendung von Gefahrstoffen verzichten.

Plasma stellt mit seinen vielen antimikrobiell wirkenden Komponenten wie z.B. UV‐Licht und Radikalen eine interessante neue Alternative dar. Bei den Plasmen wird zwischen Niederdruckund Atmosphärendruckplasmen unterschieden. Beide Plasmaarten haben ihre spezifischen Vor‐ und Nachteile. Die Randbedingungen, die an eine antimikrobielle Plasmabehandlung in der Pharmaindustrie gestellt werden, sind eine Kompatibilität mit den vorhandenen Medien wie Strom, Sterilwasser und Sterilluft sowie kompakte Abmessungen.

Für die Untersuchungen wurde eine mikrowellenangeregte Laufentladung verwendet. Eine sorgfältige Berechnung der elektrischen Feldverteilung durch numerische Simulation ist erforderlich, um die thermische Belastung der Flaschen zu minimieren. Für eine praktische Umsetzung müssen auch die Prozessnebenzeiten minimiert werden. Hierzu wurde ein barrierefreies Transportsystem entwickelt. Der Einsatz moderner Schaltnetzteiltechnik zur Ansteuerung des Magnetron erlaubt eine schnelle Steuerung des Behandlungsprozesses.

Um bei den Behandlungen nicht in den kritischen Temperaturbereich zu gelangen, ist man auf 3 Plasmazyklen von jeweils 300 ms bei einer Leistung von 1000 W limitiert.

Unter diesen Bedingungen werden durch die direkte Einwirkung des Plasmas ca. 1–2 lg Mikroorganismen inaktiviert. Bei einer Nachwirkzeit von 5 min können auch bis zu 5 lg Inaktivierung erreicht werden. Daher sind weitere Optimierungen hinsichtlich der Effizienz des Plasmaverfahrens erforderlich.
Beschichtungen und Evakuierung von Vakuum‐Solarkollektoren
Authors: Mientkewitz G. , Keinert F. , Zabel J. , Yudin A.
Published: October 2010

NARVA, ein Hersteller von Leuchtstofflampen, begann 2005 mit der Entwicklung eines Vakuumabsorberrohres zum Sammeln von Sonnenenergie zur Heizung und Prozesswärme. Die Hüllrohre werden selbst gefertigt. Nachteile des NARVA Glases wurden durch Beschichtung mit Siliziumdioxid‐Nanoteilchen beseitigt. Sehr hohe Transmission, eine geringere Korrosion und günstiges Bruchverhalten konnten ermöglicht werden. Interessant bei der Entwicklung des Vakuumprozesses ist ein „Lichtofen”︁. Durch die Nutzung von Licht war es möglich, die erforderliche Desorptionstemperatur und damit ein effektives Entfernen von Wassermolekülen als Voraussetzung zur Sicherung des Zielvakuums zu erreichen.
11. Topical Meeting Optical Interference Coatings (OIC)
Authors: Kaiser Norbert , Ristau Detlev
Published: October 2010

Die OIC wird alle drei Jahre von der Optical Society of America (OSA) veranstaltet. Sie ist die wichtigste internationale Plattform für Forschung und Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der optischen Dünnschichttechnologie. Neben den zahlreichen fachlichen Beiträgen bietet die OIC auch Wettbewerbe zum Design, zur Herstellung und zur Charakterisierung optischer Beschichtungen, die im Vorfeld der Tagung unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Problemstellungen der optischen Technologien ausgeschrieben werden. Diese Wettbewerbe werden unter engagierter Beteiligung der internationalen Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft durchgeführt und reflektieren in Ihren Ergebnissen, die anlässlich der Tagung veröffentlicht und diskutiert werden, jeweils den neusten Stand der optischen Dünnschichttechnologie. Insgesamt ist die OIC damit ein zuverlässiger Indikator für neue Trends und Innovationen in der modernen Optik.
Distal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis with the Herbert Headless Compression Screw: Outcomes and Complications in 64 Consecutively Treated Joints
Authors: Kocak Ergun , Carruthers Katherine H. , Kobus Raymond J.
Published: October 2010

Background

Arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint is indicated for the treatment of arthritis. While several techniques have been recommended, the use of headless compression screws has grown in popularity. Rates of union reported vary widely, ranging from 80% to 100%, with most studies based on small series. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes and complications associated with DIP joint arthrodesis using the Herbert headless compression screw in a large case series.

Methods

The medical charts, surgical reports, and X-rays for patients undergoing DIP joint arthrodesis with a Herbert screw between January 1996 and May 2006 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency and types of complications. All operations were performed by the senior author at a single institution.

Results

Of 64 joints in 51 patients that were treated with the Herbert screw, a total of 95% ( n=61) went on to union. Union within 3 months occurred in 89% ( n=57) while delayed union (between 3 and 6 months) occurred in 6% ( n=4). Nonunion requiring subsequent revision arthrodesis occurred in 5% ( n=3). Screw removal for symptomatic hardware was required in 8% ( n=5).

Conclusions

Fusion of the DIP joint with the Herbert screw can be achieved at rates that are comparable to other techniques and other headless compressive screws. However, while complications do occur, the Herbert screw provides an acceptable rate of union and ease of operative technique, making it a suitable procedure for DIP joint arthrodesis.
The Dutch Objective Burden Inventory: Validity and Reliability in a Canadian Population of Caregivers for People with Heart Failure
Authors: Makdessi Anthony , Harkness Karen , Luttik Marie Louise , McKelvie Robert S.
Published: October 2010

Evidence suggests that caregivers of people with heart failure (HF) often experience caregiver burden and emotional distress. However, these studies measured the caregiving experience using generic tools since a disease-specific tool was not available. Recently, the Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI) was developed as a disease-specific tool measuring objective caregiver burden in a Dutch HF population of caregivers. Using a cross-sectional design, caregivers of HF patients attending an outpatient HF clinic completed the DOBI, the Hosptial Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA). Caregivers (n=47) were mainly female (72%) and spouses (72%) of the HF patients with a mean age of 63.1 (±10.4) years. Patients were older (mean age 72.7; ±10.6), 64% male and had advanced HF. Feasibility for the objective portion of the DOBI was excellent with <10% missing values. The subjective component of the DOBI was incomplete and could not be used in the analyses. Seven items had minimal variability. Significant relationships emerged between the DOBI, CRA and HADS revealing construct validity for all subscales of the DOBI. Cronbach's alpha was >.80 for all DOBI subscales. The DOBI is the only disease-specific tool that measures burden for caregivers of HF patients. The objective portion of the DOBI showed evidence of adequate internal consistency and construct validity in a Canadian population of caregivers of HF patients attending a HF Clinic. Further testing is needed to determine floor and ceiling effects for DOBI items and responsiveness of this tool.
A Mediterranean Emporium
Authors: Abulafia David
Published: October 2010

Situated astride the trade routes of the western Mediterranean, the Catalan kingdom of Majorca has long deserved attention. It was established under the will of King James I of Aragon, who conquered Majorca in 1229, but was ruled from 1276 to 1343 by a cadet dynasty. In addition to the Balearic Islands the kingdom included the key business centres of Montpellier and Perpignan, and other lands in what is now southern France. It was also home to important Jewish and Muslim communities, and was the focus of immigration from Catalonia, Provence and Italy. This book emphasises the major transformations in the trade of the Balearic Islands from the eve of the Catalan conquest to the Black Death, and the effect of the kingdom's creation and demise on the economy of the region. Links between the island and mainland territories, and as far afield as England and the Canaries, are analysed in depth.
Ethnic Differences
Authors: Perlmann Joel
Published: October 2010

Ethnic Differences, first published in 1989, explores how and why the Irish, Italians, Jews, and blacks of Providence, Rhode Island differed in their schooling and economic success. Drawing on evidence from thousands of students records of public, Catholic, and private schools, as well as on census manuscripts, city directories, and other sources, the book offers an integrated study of American ethnicity, education, and social structure. Joel Perlmann examines the extent to which differing career patterns, and reconsiders the relation between ethnicity and social class.
A Century of Bibles
Authors: Loftie W. J.
Published: October 2010

William John Loftie (1839–1911) wrote prolifically on topics related to travel, art, architecture, and history. In this 1872 work, his stated desire was to investigate those editions of the Authorised Version published in the century following the initial 1611 text. Noting that other historians had 'stopped short' when reaching that acknowledged culmination of English biblical scholarship, he went further, claiming it was 'no exaggeration to assert that our modern Bible is altered throughout from its original, for the better in some places, for the worse in some'. His catalogue and discussion of the various texts involved included those from the British and Bodleian Libraries together with additional lists from scholars Lea Wilson and Francis Fry. Surveying English editions of the Bible published during a sometimes contentious century, Loftie's work reveals how printing and editing practices did, over time, affect even the seemingly static Authorised Version of the Bible.
A History of Greece
Authors: Grote George
Published: October 2010

Widely acknowledged as the most authoritative Victorian study of ancient Greece, George Grote's twelve-volume work, begun in 1846, established the view of Greek history which still prevails in textbooks and popular accounts of the ancient world today. Grote employs direct and clear language to take the reader from the earliest times of legendary Greece to the death of Alexander and his generation, drawing upon epic poetry and legend, and examining the growth and decline of the Athenian democracy. The work explains Greek political constitutions and philosophy, and interwoven throughout are the important but outlying adventures of the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. Volume 3 reviews the world which the Greeks knew, and to which they sent colonies, and discusses their neighbours around the Mediterranean and Black Sea, from the Egyptians to the Scythians, and from Persia to what is now France.
A History of Greece
Authors: Grote George
Published: October 2010

Widely acknowledged as the most authoritative study of ancient Greece, George Grote's twelve-volume work, begun in 1846, established the shape of Greek history which still prevails in textbooks and popular accounts of the ancient world today. Grote employs direct and clear language to take the reader from the earliest times of legendary Greece to the death of Alexander and his generation, drawing upon epic poetry and legend, and examining the growth and decline of the Athenian democracy. The work provides explanations of Greek political constitutions and philosophy, and interwoven throughout are the important but outlying adventures of the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. Volume 6 offers the history of Greece from the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE to the Peace of Nikias.
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India
Authors: Albuquerque Afonso de
Published: October 2010

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volumes 53, 55, 62 and 69 of the series contain the English translation of The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, translated and edited by Walter de Grey Birch. Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) was a Portuguese naval officer and nobleman whose successful military campaigns helped establish Portugal's colonies in India. Volume 3 contains an account of his second, successful conquest of Goa in November 1510 and the capture of Malacca in 1511.
Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos
Authors: Jebb Richard Claverhouse
Published: October 2010

Sir Richard Claverhouse (R. C.) Jebb (1841–1905) was a prominent classical scholar and politician. Jebb was University Orator at Cambridge before becoming Professor of Greek at Glasgow in 1875, and eventually returning to Cambridge as Regius Professor. His many publications include books on Greek oratory, Homer, and modern Greece as well as editions of ancient Greek drama. The two-volume Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos (1876) was written with two primary objectives: to attend to a significant but often neglected element of Greek literature, Attic prose oratory, and to situate that oratory within its social and political contexts. Jebb analyses a number of rhetors from the period before Demosthenes, providing a thorough overview of the genre during this 'best period of Athens'. Volume 1 establishes the broader historical context before turning to close analysis of the lives, historical contexts, and works of the orators Antiphon, Andokides and Lysias.
Classical Scholarship and Classical Learning
Authors: Donaldson John William
Published: October 2010

John William Donaldson's 1856 essay tackles the topic of university reform, a hotly debated political issue in his day. Donaldson presents a series of suggestions for the improvement of university teaching, and argues for the value of a classical education. Drawing upon his experience both as a headmaster and as a scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, he considers himself well-placed to address the subject of education, maintaining that there are 'not many who can claim a better right to speak without one-sided prejudice and narrow-minded partiality to some hackneyed system'. He discusses many aspects of the subject, including the meaning of the term 'university', the college system at Cambridge University and the merits of studying classics in comparison to mathematics. Donaldson also addresses the class system, emphasising the need for all classes to be educated. This lively and approachable book foreshadows the debates of our own century.
Documents Relating to the University and Colleges of Cambridge
Authors: University of Cambridge
Published: October 2010

In the mid-nineteenth century, a royal commission was appointed to investigate 'the state, discipline, studies, and revenues' of Cambridge University, and eventually recommended radical reforms. As part of its brief, it gathered records that had been preserved for centuries as the university evolved. Published in three volumes in 1852 under the title Documents Relating to the University and Colleges of Cambridge, the compilation, much of it in its original Latin, charts the university's emergence as one of the world's leading academic institutions and the challenges it faced along the way. This material remains a valuable resource for historians of British education and society. Volume 2 includes the original charters for seven of the oldest colleges as well as the 1573 will of college founder Dr John Caius.
Evolution and Christianity
Authors: Iverach James
Published: October 2010

Faced with the theories of scientists and philosophers, perhaps most famously Charles Darwin's, late-Victorian theologians were preoccupied with the reconciliation of Christian teaching with their contemporaries' ideas. First published in 1894, this text forms part of a series introducing key areas of Christian theology for the modern audience. Dr James Iverach examines theories of the origins of both the universe and of life within it, finding in intelligence, morality, faith and ethics a unifying and clarifying force that he argues reveals the presence of God's creative process in the history of the universe. Nothing, he claims, occurs by chance, and natural selection simply expresses that the sum total of causes, both internal and external, results in the state in which only the forms of life now observable should exist. This text provides an insight into the late-Victorian philosophy of Christian Darwinism.
The Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines
Authors: Clarke Mary Cowden
Published: October 2010

Mary Cowden Clarke (1809–98) was the daughter of the publisher Vincent Novello. She produced a complete concordance to Shakespeare's works in 1845, and her fascination with the plays led to her publishing in 1850 a series of imaginative accounts of the girlhood of some of his heroines. Her motive was 'to imagine the possible circumstances and influences of scene, event, and associate, surrounding the infant life of his heroines, which might have conduced to originate and foster those germs of character recognised in their maturity as by him developed; to conjecture what might have been the first imperfect dawnings of that which he has shown us in the meridian blaze of perfection'. These 'prequels' offer a back-story which is surprising in its subversive interpretation of the plays and especially of the role of the 'hero'. Volume 1 includes the stories of Portia and Lady Macbeth.
A History of the Cambridge University Press 1521–1921
Authors: Roberts Sydney Castle
Published: October 2010

Published to mark the four hundredth anniversary of the first book to be printed in Cambridge by John Siberch in 1521, this book traces the development of the Press over four centuries. S.C. Roberts, who became Secretary to the Press Syndicate in 1922, blends archival research with an anecdotal style to produce this informative account. Appendices list the university printers up to 1921, including most famously Thomas Thomas, John Legate, Thomas Buck and John Baskerville, and the books published in each year between 1521 and 1750 by authors such as Erasmus, George Herbert, John Donne, John Milton, Isaac Newton and Thomas Browne. Aimed at the general reader, this lively account of the Press' major achievements is illustrated with a number of portraits and historical documents and remains a useful introduction to the history of the oldest publishing house in the world.
Cymbeline
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: October 2010

John Dover Wilson's New Shakespeare, published between 1921 and 1966, became the classic Cambridge edition of Shakespeare's plays and poems until the 1980s. The series, long since out-of-print, is now reissued. Each work is available both individually and as a set, and each contains a lengthy and lively introduction, main text, and substantial notes and glossary printed at the back. The edition, which began with The Tempest and ended with The Sonnets, put into practice the techniques and theories that had evolved under the 'New Bibliography'. Remarkably by today's standards, although it took the best part of half a century to produce, the New Shakespeare involved only a small band of editors besides Dover Wilson himself. As the volumes took shape, many of Dover Wilson's textual methods acquired general acceptance and became an established part of later editorial practice, for example in the Arden and New Cambridge Shakespeares.
Narrative of a Voyage to New Zealand
Authors: Nicholas John Liddiard
Published: October 2010

John Liddiard Nicholas (1784–1868), a London iron-founder, arrived in New South Wales in 1813 but rather than develop his business, he accompanied Samuel Marsden on a journey to New Zealand from November 1814 to March 1815 that established the first Christian mission to the Maoris. This two-volume book, first published in 1817 after Nicholas had returned to England, was widely successful, and was translated into Dutch and German in 1819. Based on Nicholas' journal, kept throughout his voyage, it tells the story of the missionaries' efforts but focuses particularly on Nicholas' observations of the Maoris and reflects his desire to share knowledge of a 'people so little known to Europeans, and at the same time so … interesting'. Nicholas pays careful attention to the customs, personalities, and relationships unique to different communities, and in Volume 1 outlines and highlights the relationships he himself developed with the Maoris.
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy
Authors: Airy George Biddell
Published: October 2010

Sir George Biddell Airy (1801–1892) was a prominent mathematician and astronomer. He was an honorary fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, fellow of the Royal Society and Astronomer Royal from 1835 until 1881. His many achievements include important work on planetary orbits, the calculation of the mean density of the earth and the establishment of the prime meridian at Greenwich. He was also consulted by the government on a wide range of issues and projects, serving on the weights and measures commission, the tidal harbours commission and the railway gauge commission as well as acting as an advisor for the repair of Big Ben and the laying of the Atlantic cable. His autobiography, edited by his son Wilfred, comprises ten chapters and is drawn from the astronomer's own records of the scientific work he carried out at Greenwich Observatory along with his printed reports and private and business correspondence.
Reminiscences of a Literary Life
Authors: Dibdin Thomas Frognall
Published: October 2010

First published in 1836, this lively two-volume autobiography of Thomas Frognall Dibdin (1776–1847) reveals the background and mindset of this fascinating character. Best-known for helping to stimulate interest in bibliography and for his enthusiasm in promoting book collecting among the aristocracy, the English bibliographer adopts a conversational and anecdotal tone as he shares the details of his life and work with the reader. Volume 1 begins with the history of his parents, who died when Dibdin was very young. Dibdin then describes his formative years at school and college and the beginning of his professional life, including being ordained as a priest, before moving on to discuss his publications in some detail. Drawing upon letters and literature throughout, Dibdin recounts many entertaining tales, including an unfortunate encounter with a 'savage-hearted critic' at a dinner party, and introduces the influential characters he meets along the way.
Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates
Authors: Grote George
Published: October 2010

Best known for his influential History of Greece, the historian and politician George Grote (1794–1871) wrote this account of Plato's dialogues as a philosophical supplement to the History. First published in 1865 and written in dialogic form, Grote's account of Plato's works includes substantial footnotes and marginalia. This first volume focuses on Plato's early and transitional dialogues, all of which feature Socrates. It also includes a preface to the whole project which discusses the meaning and importance of philosophy itself, and extensive introductory material on pre-Socratic philosophy, the life of Plato and history of the Platonic canon. With three volumes each running to over six hundred pages, Grote's scholarship is formidably comprehensive. The publication of Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates confirmed him as one of the greatest authorities on Plato in the nineteenth century.
The History of Rome
Authors: Mommsen Theodor
Published: October 2010

The classical historian Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903) published his History of Rome between 1854 and 1856. His work was received with widespread acclaim by the scholarly community and the reading public. In 1902, in recognition of this monumental work, Mommsen was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature and acclaimed as 'the greatest living master of the art of historical writing'. Mommsen rejected traditional Enlightenment accounts, which glorified ancient Rome; instead, guided by a new and rigorous criticism of sources, he began the demythologisation of Roman history. In a vivacious and engaging style, using modern terms to express classical ideas, Mommsen drew bold parallels between the nineteenth century and classical Rome. Volume 2 covers the period from the unification of Italy to the subjugation of Carthage and the Greek States. This English translation, first published in 1862, is based on the German third edition (1861).
The Manuscripts in the Library at Lambeth Palace
Authors: James Montague Rhodes
Published: October 2010

M. R. James (1862–1936) is probably best remembered as a writer of chilling ghost stories, but he was an outstanding scholar of medieval literature and palaeography, who served both as Provost of King's College, Cambridge, and as Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, and many of his stories reflect his academic background. His detailed descriptive catalogues of manuscripts owned by colleges, cathedrals and museums are still of value to scholars today. This book, first published in 1900, lists about six hundred medieval manuscripts in the library at Lambeth Palace, most of them collected by Archbishop Bancroft (d. 1610). These were sent to Cambridge University Library during Cromwell's Protectorate, and returned to Lambeth Palace at the Restoration. Referring to several early inventories, James succeeds in tracing the ownership of many of the manuscripts back to English monastic houses dissolved at the Reformation including Durham Priory, Lanthony (near Gloucester), and Ely.