bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Phenolic and Aroma Compounds of Table Grapes from Romania
Authors: LUNG Mihai Lucian , PAMFIL Doru , POP Nastasia , CATANA Corina , LAZAR Simona Laura , GIACOSA Simone , TORCHIO Fabrizio , FERRANDINO Alessandra , RIO SEGADE Susana , ROLLE Luca
Published: March 2017

The chemical composition of Romanian table grape varieties was determined to evaluate their phenolic and aroma profiles because they are factors useful for the variety characterization and consumer acceptance. Two white table grapes (â€˜Aromat de IaÅŸiâ€™ and â€˜Timpuriu de Clujâ€™) and two red table grapes (â€˜Napocaâ€™ and â€˜SomeÅŸanâ€™) were studied. The phenolic composition of berry skins and seeds was determined using spectrophotometric methods. The profile of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamoyl tartaric acids (HCTs), and the content of trans-resveratrol were determined in the skins using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Free volatile compounds were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A different phenolic and aromatic composition was found in the varieties studied. Among white grapes, â€˜Aromat de IaÅŸiâ€™ stands out for the great number of aroma compounds, and â€˜Timpuriu de Clujâ€™ showed high contents of polyphenols, particularly oligomeric flavanols in skins and seeds (1,171 and 1,189 mg kg-1, respectively) and total skin HCTs (181.6 mg kg-1). The red variety â€˜Napocaâ€™ had high contents of total anthocyanins (380 mg kg-1) and total skin HCTs (183.2 mg kg-1), and it is characterized by high percentages of acylated anthocyanin derivatives (28.5%) and trans-caffeoyltartaric acid forms (58.8%). â€˜SomeÅŸanâ€™ grapes showed high contents of free volatile compounds, particularly of 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and (E)-2-hexenoic acid (167.0, 59.4 and 167.0 Âµg kg-1). These results may contribute to the knowledge of Romanian table grapes perspective and to a better exploitation of these varieties.
Using Two Retrotransposon Based Marker Systems (IRAP and REMAP) for Molecular Characterization of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars
Authors: KAYA Ergun , YILMAZ-GOKDOGAN Emel
Published: March 2017

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most characteristic agricultural trees of the Mediterranean region and has a large number of cultivar diversity. Olive cultivar characterization is very important especially for the fruit productivity and olive oil quality. In the present study, 46 clones belonging to Turkey (eight cultivars, each having five clones) and Italy (two cultivars, each having three clones) were assessed for cultivar characterization via inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) marker systems using 10 LTR and 10 ISSR primers. In total, 368 band profiles were obtained, 358 of which are polymorphic (97.28% polymorphism). The cultivars were segregated into three main groups, each group having several branches, where all the clones of each cultivar were belonging to the same main group. The only exception to that was the distribution of the clones of cultivar Yaglik, â€˜Yaglik 4â€™ and â€˜Yaglik 5â€™, into different main groups. IRAP and REMAP analysis showed a high level of genetic variability among the olive cultivars in this study and this marker systems would be useful tool for clonal selection programs.
Influence of Nitrogen Sources and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation on Growth, Crude Fiber and Nutrient Uptake in Squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.) Plants
Authors: TCHIAZE Alice I. , TAFFOUO Victor D. , FANKEM Henri , KENNE Martin , BAZIRAMAKENGA RÃ©gis , EKODECK Georges E. , ANTOUN Hani
Published: March 2017

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, B) have immense potential application in sustainable agriculture as ecofriendly biofertilizers and biopesticides. In this study, the effects of three nitrogen (N) sources (NO3-, NH4+ and NO3NH4) and PGPR on growth, crude fiber and nutrient uptake were investigated in squash plants. Some growth parameters [root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total plant dry weight (PDW), number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), stem diameter (SD) and number of ramifications (NR)], crude fiber (cellulose content) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were determined. Application of NO3-, NH4+ or NO3NH4 singly or in combination with PGPR inoculation led to a significant increase in RDW, SDW, PDW, NL, SL, SD and NR. Na, Cu and Zn contents, on the contrary, decreased in inoculated treated plants while no significant differences were recorded in cellulose contents (CE) of leaves except in plants fed with NO3-. The leaf CE content ranged from 12.58 to 13.67%. The plants supplied with NO3+B, NH4+B and NO3NH4+B showed significantly higher plant biomass and accumulation of N, P, K and Mn concentrations in leaves compared to all other treatments. These results suggest that specific combinations of PGPR with NO3-, NH4+ or NO3NH4 fertilizers can be considered as efficient alternative biofertilizers to improve significantly the squash growth and nutrient uptake.
Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Pulp and Peel from Peach and Nectarine Fruits
Authors: STOJANOVIC Branka T. , MITIC Snezana S. , STOJANOVIC Gordana S. , MITIC Milan N. , KOSTIC Danijela A. , PAUNOVIC Dusan Dj. , ARSIC Biljana B.
Published: March 2017

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a fruit of high nutritional and economic value. Carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals and organic acids are among the major constituents of peach fruit, which contribute to the nutritional quality of both fresh fruits and juice. Polyphenolic compounds found in peach may play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. Different polyphenolics may have varied biological activities including antioxidant activity. In this study antioxidant characteristics between peel and pulp of different peach cultivars (â€˜RadmilovÄankaâ€™, â€˜June Goldâ€™, â€˜Blakeâ€™, â€˜Haleâ€™, â€˜Vesnaâ€™, â€˜Adriaâ€™) and one of nectarine (â€˜Fantasiaâ€™) were investigated. The peel and pulp extracts showed a huge amount of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total hydroxycinnamates (TH) and total flavonols (TFL), ranging from 42.7-211.4, 11.1-128.5 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight (f.w.) (TP), 21.9 -94.9, 5.0-58.9 mg CE/100 g f.w. (TF), 28.4-389.2, 8.5-165.8 mg kg-1 f.w. (TH) and 17.3-54 mg kg-1 f.w. (TFL). High contents of phenolic compounds were significantly correlated with high antioxidant capacities. Peach pulp and peel differ significantly in their phenolic profiles: the pulp contains mainly chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and p-coumaric acids, whereas the peel possesses chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and p-coumaric acids together with several flavonol glycosides in huge amounts. Our results indicate that cultivar and extraction solvent play important roles in phenolic compositions and antioxidant properties of peach and nectarine extracts, which was shown using statistical analysis (ANOVA). There are high correlations between extracted phenolic compounds and peach and nectarine cultivars, and used solvent and part of the fruit (peel and pulp).
FT-IR Spectroscopy Based Evaluation of Changes in Primary Metabolites of Amsonia orientalis after In vitro 6-benzylaminopurine Treatment
Authors: ACEMİ Arda , TÜRKER-KAYA Sevgi , ÖZEN Fazıl
Published: March 2017

Amsonia orientalis Decne. (syn. Rhazya orientalis (Decne.) A. DC.) is only cultivated as an ornamental plant but also has a medicinal merit. The natural populations of the species were taken under conservation as per the Bern Convention by European Council. As one of the most common plant growth regulators and synthetic agricultural fertilizers, the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at different concentrations on primary metabolites of in vitro propagated A. orientalis have been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Among all applied concentrations, 2.0 mg l-1 BAP resulted in increment of hydrogen bonded polysaccharide and proteins concentrations, lipid structure and membrane fluidity. Treatments of 2.0 and 4.0 mg l-1 BAP increased the existence of ferulic acid which also indicates the linkage of xylan and both cellulose and hemicellulose content. There was a significant decrease in the area of the peak which indicated the C=O stretching of proteins and pectins for 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1 BAP while there was a significant increase for 2.0 and 4.0 mg l-1 of BAP treatments. The evaluation of molecular data from FT-IR spectroscopy as in the current study might help to estimate different physiological changes at the molecular level in plants depending on plant growth regulator and/or fertilizer applications. Thus, this FT-IR based method can be applied to in vitro propagation studies and also to studies focused on effects of pesticide and/or herbicide applications on plants to understand the metabolic changes in target species.
Effect of Zinc and Bio Fertilizers on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity, Chlorophyll Content, Soluble Sugars and Proline in Triticale Under Salinity Condition
Authors: KHEIRIZADEH AROUGH Younes , SEYED SHARIFI Raouf , SEDGHI Mohammad , BARMAKI Morteza
Published: March 2017

In order to study the effects of bio fertilizers and zinc fertilizer on antioxidant enzymes activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars and proline in triticale under salinity condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse condition. Experiment factors were included salinity in four levels [no-salt (control or S0), salinity 20 (S1), 40 (S2) and 60 (S3) mM NaCl) equivalent of 1.85, 3.7 and 5.55 dS mâˆ’1 respectively], four bio fertilizers levels (no bio fertilizer (F0), application of mycorrhiza (F1), PGPR (F2), both application PGPR and mycorrhiza (F3) and three nano zinc oxide levels (without nano zinc oxide as control (Zn0), application ofÂ  0.4 (Zn1) and 0.8 (Zn2) g lit-1). Results showed that salinity severe stress (60 mM) decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and grain yield of triticale, whereas soluble sugars and proline content, the activities of Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. Results showed that both application of bio fertilizer and 0.8 g lit-1 nano zinc oxide (F3Zn2) increased about 39% from grain yield in comparison with F0Zn0 under the highest salinity level. Based on the results, it was concluded that bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under salinity condition.
Fruit and Oil Characteristics of Olive Candidate Cultivars from Turkey
Authors: OZDEMIR Yasin , OZTURK Aysun , GUVEN Engin , ASAN NEBIOGLU Muge , AKTEPE TANGU Nesrin , AKCAY Mehmet Emin , ERCISLI Sezai
Published: March 2017

This is the first study in Turkey that evaluated olive fruit and oil characteristics of 23 cultivar candidates selected among 393 olive genotypes, on the bases of agronomical characteristics; the candidate cultivars were obtained by cross breeding between standard cultivars ('Gemlik', 'Edinciksu', 'Uslu', 'Tavşan Yüreği', 'Karamürselsu') and foreign cultivars ('Lucques', 'Belle d'Espagne' and 'Manzanilla'). Fruit traits such as fruit weight, flesh to seed ratio, fruit and seed size, as well as oil characteristics such as moisture, oil content, specific absorption at ultraviolet light, free acid content, peroxide value, chlorophyll and fatty acid composition were determined. Fruits and oils of intensely cultivated 'Gemlik' and 'Ayvalık' olive cultivars were also analyzed to compare them with the new candidate cultivars. According to the oil content, 'GE067' (23.30%), 'GE181' (23.97%), 'GE366' (22.52%), 'GE417' (22.16%), 'GT009' (24.14%), 'GT014' (21.02%), 'GU247' (22.48%), 'GU320' (27.15%) and 'GU434' (21.89%) gave better results, thus having good potential for registration as new cultivars for oil production. 'GE366' and 'GU434' were determined as the best cultivar candidates for producing dual purpose olives (table olives and oil). 'GE363' had the best fatty acid composition, which is an important feature in terms of oxidative stability and disease prevention.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Major Quince Cultivars from Turkey
Authors: PINAR Hasan , KAYMAK Suat , OZONGUN Serif , UZUN Aydın , UNLU Mustafa , BIRCAN Mustafa , ERCISLI Sezai , ORHAN Emine
Published: March 2017

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) belongs to the Rosaceae family is native to south-eastern Europa and Asia Minor. It is generally used for table consumption and processed into jam, jelly and marmalade. It is also used as dwarfing rootstock for pear cultivars. In the present study, fruit characteristics and genetic diversity of 17 quince cultivars from Turkey were investigated. For fruit characteristics, 'Bardacik' had the highest fruit weight. The highest SSC/Acidity ratio were obtained from 'Osmancik'. There was high level of variation in fruit characteristics among cultivars. In molecular analysis, totally 133 bands were obtained from 23 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations and 67 of them were polymorphic. Genetic similarity of 17 cultivars was between 0.78 and 1.00. Two cultivars ('Sekergevrek' and '32S04') were found to be more distinct from the other cultivars genetically. This study showed that there was low level of genetic variation most of quince cultivars grown in Turkey. SRAP markers firstly used in quince with this study indicating that it can be used for characterization and diversity analysis of quince.
The Impact of Seasonal Changes in Plant Tissue on Rhizogenesis of Stem Cuttings of Once Blooming Roses
Authors: MONDER Marta Joanna , WOLIŃSKI Konrad , NIEDZIELSKI Maciej , PACHOLCZAK Andrzej
Published: March 2017

The majority of old and long-to-root roses are enough frost resistant to grow on their own roots in moderate and coolclimates. The most often used method of rose propagation are single node stem cuttings derived from blooming shoots. Thelong duration of rhizogenesis exposes cuttings to stress conditions and precocious ageing processes, which result in a lowrooting percentage. It was hypothesized that in the short season of flowering the amount of nutrients in shoots of stock plantschanges, thus affecting the process of rhizogenesis, as well as a condition of rooted cuttings, which may be estimated by thecontents of the biologically active components. The shoots of four rose cultivars were cut in four phenological stages: flowerbuds closed, flowers opened, just after petal shedding and 7-14 days after petal fall. The rooting percentage were counted after10 weeks of rooting. The evaluation of plant material were carried out before and after rooting, including: soluble proteins,chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, reducing and total soluble carbohydrates. The research revealedvariability, characteristic for each examined cultivar, in the contents of the biologically active compounds, both before and afterrooting, in cuttings harvested from stock plants in successive phases of development. Decrease in pigment contents in leaves ofrooted cuttings may suggest a progressing senescence, both during propagation and later in a vegetative season. The cuttings of‘Mousseuse Rouge’ rooted similarly when harvested in each of the phenological phases (53.8-67.5%). For other cultivars thehighest rooting percentage was obtained for cuttings harvested from shoots with closed flower buds: (‘Hurdals’ 47.5%,‘Maiden’s Blush’ 55.0%, ‘Semiplena’ 67.5%). In these cultivars a relationship between rooting percentage and changes in thecontents of pigments, sugars or/and polyphenolic acids in successive phenological phases was shown.
Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria
Authors: STAJKOVIĆ-SRBINOVIĆ Olivera , DELIĆ Dušica , KUZMANOVIĆ Djordje , SIKIRIĆ Biljana , RASULIĆ Nataša , NIKOLIĆ Biljana , KNEŽEVIĆ-VUKČEVIĆ Jelena
Published: March 2017

A diverse group of soil bacteria found in the rhizosphere which can colonize plant roots and improve plant growth are designated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The aim of this study was isolation and screening of different rhizobacterial strains for plant growth promoting characteristics and their ability to improve growth of two grass species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The strains investigated, belonging to the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and rhizobial bacteria, showed various plant growth promoting traits, such as phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Co-inoculation of meadow fescue with Azotobacter chroococcum A2 and Sinorhizobium meliloti or Pseudomonas sp., and A. chroococcum A5 with S. meliloti, significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW)(25-33%), as well as total N (26-33%), P (24-31%) and K (26-28%) contents in plants (mg pot-1), compared to uninoculated control. In addition, inoculation of orchardgrass with A. chroococcum strain A1, as well as co-inoculation with B. megaterium and A. chroococcum A1 or A31, significantly increased SDW (51-59%) and total N (54-59%), P (51-74%) and K (49-55%) contents, compared to uninoculated control. Nitrogen percentage in SDW was slightly higher than sufficiency ranges, while K percentage was optimal in all treatments in both species. Phosphorous percentage was lower than sufficiency ranges as a consequence of very low soil P content. The results emphasize the potential of particular rhizobacteria to improve the growth of forage grasses.
Association between Grain Size and Shape and Quality Traits, and Path Analysis of Thousand Grain Weight in Iranian Bread Wheat Landraces from Different Geographic Regions
Authors: ABDIPOUR Moslem , EBRAHIMI Mohsen , IZADI-DARBANDI Ali , MASTRANGELO Anna Maria , NAJAFIAN Goodarz , ARSHAD Yousef , MIRNIYAM Gita
Published: March 2017

Grain characteristics, particularly grain weight, grain morphology, and grain protein content (GPC), are important components of grain yield and quality in wheat. A set of 98 bread wheat landraces from different geographic regions of Iran were used across 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to determine the phenotypic diversity and relations between thousand grain weight (TGW), grain morphology and grain quality. A high-throughput method was used to capture grain size and shape. The genotypes were significantly different (P < 0.001) for all traits which reflects the high levels of diversity. A moderate to high broad sense heritability was found for all traits and ranged between 0.68 and 0.95 for grain yield and factor from density (FFD), respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between TGW and grain size (or shape) exception of aspect ratio (AR) and roundness. However, grain quality traits, especially GPC had significant negative correlation with TGW. Based on stepwise regression analysis by taking TGW as dependent variable, grain volume, FFD, width, perimeter and Hardness Index (HI) were recognized as the most important traits and explained more than 99.3% of total variation of TGW. The path analysis revealed that FFD has maximum direct effect on TGW followed by volume, whereas perimeter and width had relatively less direct effect on TGW. According to cluster analysis, landraces separated into 5 clusters, and cluster III and IV had the maximum and minimum average for the most traits, respectively. Our study provides new knowledge on the relations between TGW, grain morphology and grain quality in bread wheat, which may aid the improvement of wheat grain weight trait in further research.
Water Supply and Temperature Effects on Some Nutritive Constituents of Direct Sown Onion
Authors: OMBÓDI Attila , LUGASI Andrea , DAOOD Hussein Gehad , BERKI Mária , HELYES Lajos
Published: March 2017

Irrigation is a prerequisite for economical onion production under dry conditions. However, its effect on dry matter and nutrient content often remains a concern for growers. A direct sown onion hybrid was grown under open field, rain-fed and irrigated conditions for three years, investigating the effects of air temperature and water supply on some nutritive constituents. Dry matter, storage sugar, total flavonol and total polyphenol content showed strong positive correlation with average air temperature and negative correlation with water supply. However, irrigation had a positive effect on storage sugar and dry matter content. Presumably better water supply during dry periods ensured by irrigation provided the basis for higher photosynthetic production, and hereby more dry matter partitioning and accumulation in the bulb, a storage organ. An unexpected decrease in vitamin C content was experienced in 2011 and 2012, compared to the result of 2010, which was explained by the hot and dry conditions of the pre-harvest irrigation cut-off period. Fibre and ash content was found to be the most stable nutritional characteristics, affected neither by the environmental conditions, nor by the irrigation. Irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for direct sown onion, doubling bulb yield while not affecting the nutritive quality negatively.
Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Condensed Tannins Content of Eight Centaurea Species and Their Broad Inhibitory Activities against Cholinesterase, Tyrosinase, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Authors: ZENGIN Gokhan , LOCATELLI Marcello , CARRADORI Simone , MOCAN Andrei M. , AKTUMSEK Abdurrahman
Published: March 2017

Several bioactive compounds originate from natural sources and their uses are generally related with traditional or folk medicine. Synthetic drugs can have adverse side effects and, for this reason, the investigation of novel, safe, and natural-occurring products can account for the development of new drugs. The genus Centaurea L. is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family, containing more than 200 species in the Turkish flora, about 140 of which are endemic. The aim of the present work was to determine enzyme inhibitory potentials of two extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) from eight Centaurea species against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase. The total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannin contents were also reported for each extract. These components in the extracts varied according to species and extraction solvents as well as enzyme inhibitory effects. The highest level of phenolics was found to be in the chloroform extract of C. pulchella (119.23 mg GAEs/g extract). Generally, chloroform extracts exhibited stronger enzyme inhibitory effects as compared to ethyl acetate. Additionally, possible correlations with total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content were also highlighted. This paper is the first report of the inhibitory capacities of the eight Centaurea species on the selected enzymes. The present results may be a valuable starting point in the development of new bioactive formulations.
Identification of Land Suitability for Agricultural Use by Applying Morphometric and Risk Parameters Based on GIS Spatial Analysis
Authors: BILAŞCO Ştefan , ROŞCA Sanda , PĂCURAR Ioan , MOLDOVAN Nicolaie , BOŢ Amalia , NEGRUȘIER Cornel , SESTRAS Paul , BONDREA Mircea , NAȘ Sanda
Published: March 2017

Agricultural land is one of the main resources for the development of rural communities and the peripheries of urban centres. An area of 936 km2, belonging to Intercommunity Association for Development Alba-Iulia, Transylvania region, Romania, was analysed in order to identify suitable land for agricultural use. This approach represents the stage preceding the identification of crops favourability for agricultural land, thus reducing the time and resources needed for the proper land evaluation mark. The extension of suitable surfaces for agricultural crops was realized using a GIS model based on spatial analysis, taking into account morphometric parameters (slope, altitude, slope orientation, the density of fragmentation) and the risk factors (probability of landslides, flooding, temperature and rainfall). The outcome of the case study was an agricultural land suitability map of the investigated area, which provides valuable information regarding areas suitable for crops. By applying this model, a better management of agricultural lands can be assured, representing an alternative to the classic method of evaluation marks. The proposed model was validated by comparing the results with the grades of crop suitability, method achieved through the land evaluation mark.
Effect of Intercropping System on the Quality and Quantity of Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)
Authors: HAMBURDĂ Silvia Brândușa , MUNTEANU Neculai , STOLERU Vasile , TELIBAN Gabriel Ciprian
Published: March 2017

Field experiments were conducted two consecutive years, in order to investigate runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) cultivated in pure crop system and in intercropping system. To achieve the desired aim, we set the following objectives: study of runner bean plant phenology, study of assimilating pigments content in the runner bean leaves, agro productivity study of runner bean crop, yield of runner bean crop, study of chemical composition of runner bean dry seeds. The studied experimental factor was the trellis system with six variants: (V1) - trellis, with double rows, on individual string, (V2) - trellis, with a single row, on individual string, (V3) - trellis, in a single row, on synthetic net (17 cm mesh), (V4) - intercropping with common maize plants, (V5) - intercropping with sunflower plants, (V6) - intercropping with Jerusalem artichoke plants. Runner bean yield ranged from 3,610 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,684 kg ha-1 (V6) (first year) and from 3,170 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,189 kg ha-1 (V6) (second year). Runner bean dry seeds contain: crude protein 22.65% (V6) - 25.47% (V3), crude fat 1.91% (V6) - 2.16% (V4), crude fibre 5.41% (V4) - 5.81% (V5) and nitrogen free extractive substances 62.11% (V3) - 64.92% (V4). The best variant of trellis for runner bean crop was the single row trellis system on individual string and the best intercropping system was intercropping with sunflower.
The Resistance of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) From the Eastern Natural Limit of Species to Climate Change
Authors: BUDEANU Marius , PETRITAN Any Mary , POPESCU Flaviu , VASILE Diana , TUDOSE Nicu Constantin
Published: March 2017

In this study, different approaches were used to investigate the vulnerability of beech forests, located at the eastern limit of their natural range, to climate change. To accomplish this, six 2500 m2 plots were sampled in four European beech forest genetic resources, located in Romania at different altitudinal levels, varying from 230 to 580 m in the BacÄƒu hills and between 650 and 1300 m in the Curvature Carpathian (BraÅŸov region). The analysis of trees phenotypic traits, their radial growth, and the regeneration, did not indicate a vulnerability of the sampled stands to the fluctuations of the environmental factors from the 1950-2014 period. The growth indices of all three populations of BacÄƒu hills are negatively correlated with both June air temperature of current year and September of the previous year. The precipitation amount of September previous year positively influenced the growth indices. The radial growth of plots in BraÅŸov region is slightly linked to the climate. The temperature during the growing season represents a limiting factor for stands that are located outside of the optimal altitudinal species distribution (600-1200 m, in Romania), especially at low altitudes. Our results indicated that a rise of the temperature accompanied by a possible reduction of the precipitations (as is predicted for the coming years) could increase the sensibility of beech forests at lower altitude.
The Photosynthetic Characteristics in Chaling Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) under the Cold Stress
Authors: MO Xiang , XU Mengliang
Published: March 2017

Chaling common wild rice (CWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), distributed in Chaling county, Hunan province, China, is one of the only two wild rice populations grown northernmost in the world. Although the cold tolerance of Chaling CWR is extremely strong, its photosynthetic characteristics under the cold stress remain unknown. In this study, we determined the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), total chlorophyll (Chl) and total carotenoid (Car) contents, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), apparent quantum yield (AQY), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of leaves from Chaling CWR at tiller stage under cold stress (15 ℃) and normal temperature condition (28 ℃). These photosynthetic parameters were compared with standard rice cultivars including typical indica Guangluai 4, indica Y liangyou 1 (a Chinese super high grain yield hybrid), and typical japonica Nipponbare under the same conditions. All photosynthetic parameters in Chaling CWR were significantly (P £ 0.05 or P £ 0.01) higher than those in standard rice cultivars under the cold stress. The ratios of these parameters from Chaling CWR under the cold stress to those under the normal temperature were 47.9% ~ 84.9%, much higher than those from standard rice cultivars, which were 3.1% ~ 73.8%. Taken together, these data show the photosynthetic characteristics of Chaling CWR under the cold stress are excellent. The finding would generate an enormous benefit if the trait of the cold stress tolerance of Chaling CWR is transferred to the cultivated rice via the breeding or other genetic approaches.
Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Characteristics in Fruits of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes from Inner Anatolia
Authors: BEYHAN Omer , GOZLEKCI Sadiye , GUNDOGDU Muttalip , ERCISLI Sezai
Published: March 2017

Walnut fruits are used for their nutrition properties for a long time in Anatolia, where seed propagated walnuts are naturally found, as solitary individuals or dense populations. Some relevant physico-chemical and antioxidant characteristics of fruits were determined for fifteen promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) selections (named 'G-1' to 'G-15') propagated from seeds. The well-known Turkish walnut cultivar 'Sebin' was included in the analysis as a standard in order to make comparison with seed propagated genotypes. The average fruit weight and kernel ratios ranged from 7.43 to 12.61 g and 45.10 to 57.83% among the studied genotypes, respectively. The chemical analyses showed that protein, crude oil, ash, carbohydrate and dietary fiber contents of the analyzed walnut genotypes were between 11.09-18.16%, 55.38-65.15%, 1.61-2.08%, 12.01-17.89% and 2.90-4.12%, respectively. Total phenolic content was found between 1,107-1,876 mg GAE/100 g among the genotypes and most of them had higher phenolic content compared with cv. 'Sebin'. The total tocopherols content ranged from 30.0 to 44.4 mg/100 g of the extracted oil. The most common tocopherol in all samples was Î³-tocopherol. The results obtained in the hereby study indicated that the seed propagated walnut trees can be very diverse and their nuts have a good potential for valuable sources of phytochemicals.
Assessment of Ascorbic Acid, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Content in Tomato Fruits
Authors: TUDOR-RADU Madalina , VÎJAN Loredana Elena , TUDOR-RADU Cristinel Mihai , TIȚA Ion , SIMA Rodica , MITREA Rodi
Published: March 2017

The increased interest in organic tomatoes production demands breeders to develop new cultivars, which besides suitability in low-input production system and marketable quality, have to exhibit high nutritional value, including health-promoting compounds. In this respect, this paper aimed to assess and compare the nutritional value of four Romanian tomato cultivars, two with determinate growth (‘Arge7 11’ and ‘Arge7 123’) and two with indeterminate growth (‘Costate 21’ and ‘:tefane7ti 22’), created and recommended for organic production in open field and protected cultivation. The tomato cultivars were laid out in a high plastic tunnel crop and the tomato fruits were evaluated as chemical composition, being determined the following parameters: moisture, ash, soluble solids, pH, acidity and content in some antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin C,polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, lycopene and =-carotene. Considering some chemical parameters important in revealing tomato flavor, such as soluble solids, pH and acidity, ‘:tefane7ti 22’ cultivar showed the best ratio among them. The differences in antioxidant composition among cultivars were not statistically significant (P>0.05) for most of the analyzed parameters, with the exception of lycopene content which showed significant variation. Thus, ‘Costate 21’ showed the highestamount of lycopene within indeterminate cultivars (17.49 mg 100 g-1 FW), while ‘Arge7 11’ showed the highest amount of lycopene within determinate cultivars (13.92 mg 100 g-1 FW). According to the nutritional value of cultivars assessed in this study, ‘Costate 21’ is the best recommendation for greenhouse cultivation while ‘Arge7 11’ is the best recommendation foropen field cultivation.
Chemical Composition of Selected Beetroot Juices in Relation to Beetroot Production System and Processing Technology
Authors: KAZIMIERCZAK Renata , SIŁAKIEWICZ Agata , HALLMANN Ewelina , SREDNICKA-TOBER Dominika , REMBIAŁKOWSKA Ewa
Published: March 2017

Market offer of vegetable juices in Europe is growing, and the vegetable species and processing technologies used become more diversified resulting in a large range of juice types. At the same time consumers look for natural and safe products with pro-health properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition of selected juices based on beetroots coming from different agricultural systems and processed according to different technologies. Research material consisted of conventional and organic juices marketed in Poland, in that pure pressed juices, fermented juice and juices from concentrate, pure and combined with apple or lemon juice. The concentration of vitamin C, organic acids, total and reducing sugars, phenolic acids, flavonoids and betalains has been determined in the juices. All beetroot juices were abundant in betalains, with higher concentrations of these compounds found in pure beetroot juices when compared to juices combined with apple or lemon. Highest concentration of betanin-3-O-glucoside was found in pure conventional juice from concentrate, while highest betanidin content was found in pure organic fermented juice. Highest vitamin C contents were found in pressed organic juices combined with apple and lemon. All juices were abundant in polyphenols, mainly phenolic acids, with highest concentrations of these antioxidants found in conventional pure pressed juice. The study shows that beetroot juices, independently on the beetroot processing technology and agricultural production system, are very valuable products due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, especially betalains, in their composition. Therefore beetroot juice consumption should be promoted among consumers.
Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers
Authors: YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN Masoumeh , ASGHARI Ali , AHMADI Jafar , ASGHARI Behvar , JAFARI Ali Ashraf
Published: March 2017

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Neiâ€™s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.
The Effects of Rootstocks and Training Systems on the Early Performance of â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™ Sweet Cherry
Authors: AGLAR Erdal , YILDIZ Kenan , LONG Lynn Edwards
Published: March 2017

The effects of three rootstocks (â€˜Gisela 5â€™, â€˜Gisela 6â€™ and â€˜MaxMa 14â€™) and three training systems (Spanish bush, Steep leader and Vogel central leader) on early performance of â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™ sweet cherry were compared. There have been significant differences among both rootstocks and training systems in terms of tree heights. At the end of the fourth year, while the height of the trees grafted on â€˜Gisela 5â€™ was 238.3 cm, those grafted on â€˜MaxMa 14â€™ reached 266.4 cm in height. While the shortest tree height was obtained from Spanish bush system, heights of the trees in Steep leader and Vogel central leader training systems were found to be at similar levels. â€˜Giselaâ€™ 5 had lower trunk cross section area (TCSA) than â€˜Gisela 6â€™ and â€˜MaxMa 14â€™ rootstocks. Among three systems, trees trained to Steep leader had the highest TCSA, followed by Spanish bush and Vogel central leader. Interactions were found between rootstock and training system for yield and yield efficiency. On â€˜Gisela 6â€™, cumulative yield of Vogel central leader system (17.0 g/tree) was significantly higher than Spanish bush (14.8 g/tree) and Steep leader (12.6 g/tree). On the other hand, on â€˜MaxMa 14â€™, there were not significant differences in cumulative yield per tree among training systems. On â€˜Gisela 5â€™ and â€˜Gisela 6â€™, the highest yield efficiency were observed in trees trained as Vogel central leader. Yield efficiency of Vogel central leader (0.49 kg cm-Â²) was two time higher than those of Spanish bush (0.29 kg cm-Â²) and Steep leader (0.26 kg cm-Â²) on â€˜Gisela 6â€™. The weight of fruits from trees grafted on â€˜Gisela 5â€™ was lower than those from trees on â€˜Gisela 6â€™ and â€˜MaxMa 14â€™. In the fourth year, while the average fruit weight was 5.86 g on â€˜Gisela 5â€™, it was 6.00 and 6.25 g on â€˜Gisela 6â€™ and â€˜MaxMa 14â€™ rootstocks respectively.
The Comparison of the Chemical Composition, Sensory, Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Juices from Different Wheatgrass and Turfgrass Species
Authors: ÖZKÖSE Abdullah , ARSLAN Derya , ACAR Aysenur
Published: March 2017

Wheatgrass juice is mainly derived from the common wheat Triticum aestivum L. The present study focused on the analysis of the potential of different perennial turfgrass species in grass juice production by determining certain compositional characteristics. The effects of fertilisers on the plants and the cutting time on some chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of grass juices were addressed. The juices from the different species of grasses, such as T. durum, T. aestivum, Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. were obtained by pressing. DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, elemental composition, total chlorophylls, total carotenes, tocopherols, vitamin C, total phenols, viscosity and the colour profiles of the grass juice samples were analysed. Water-soluble dry matter, protein, total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin E (especially Durum cultivar) content were found to be higher in the juices of Triticum species as compared to the other grasses. Turfgrass species demonstrated higher concentrations of oil (in grass), vitamin C (unfertilised samples), chlorophyll (except L. perenne local) and major elements. The pressing of turfgrass was an easy process. Such perennial grass varieties have advantages over the Triticum species in terms of having higher concentrations of vitamin C (unfertilised samples) and major elements. The results of sensory analysis suggested that L. perenne (cultivar) is the most promising cultivar in terms of obtaining pressed grass juice.
The Influence of Storage Conditions on the Biochemical Composition and Morphology of Dahlia Tubers
Authors: CIOBANU Ioana , CANTOR Maria , STEFAN Razvan , BUTA Erzsebet , MAGYARI Klara , BAIA Monica
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to assess by means of biometric measurements and FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques the influence of storage conditions on the morphology and biochemical composition of Dahlia tubers. Investigated samples belong to ‘Kennemerland’ and ‘Red Pygmy’ cultivars of the Dahlia hybrida species, which were preserved over winterat 5-8 °C, 30-40% air humidity in different substrates: sand, sand and sawdust, peat and sawdust. The biometric parameters revealed that the peat and sawdust substrate is the most appropriate one for tubers storage, whereas the sand substrate is the least suitable one. The inulin signature was evidenced in all tuber samples as well as the changes of biochemical composition induced by different storage conditions. The analysis of the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra demonstrated that the inulinaccumulation inside the tubers is favourably influenced by the sand storage, and depends on the cultivar type. Moreover, it was established that the peat and sawdust substrate favours the polyacetylene formation inside the tubers probably because it facilitates the occurrence and development of pathogens inside the tuber. It was also found that the polyacetylene concentration increased, which is associated with the plant response to the pathogen invasion, depends on the cultivar type.
Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Statuses and Waterlogging Conditions on Growth Parameters, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Tamarillo Seedlings
Authors: RESTREPO-DIAZ Hermann , BETANCOURT-OSORIO Jorge , SANCHEZ-CANRO Diego
Published: March 2017

Climate change has altered rainfall patterns causing waterlogging periods that often negatively affect the performance of horticultural crops in the Andean region in Colombia. An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using three-month-old tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedlings, which were grown under two levels of nitrogen (N) (10 and 150 mg Nâˆ™L H2O). At 28 days after transplanting (DAT), waterlogging treatments were established when well-nourished plants (150 mg N L-1 H2O) significantly showed a higher shoot length than poor-nourished plants (10 mg N L-1 H2O) (~20 cm vs. ~10 cm, respectively). Three different periods of waterlogging were performed between 35 and 37, 51 and 55, and 64 and 70 DAT by covering the holes in the plastic pots to ensure a constant water depth. Results showed that well-nourished plants without waterlogging treatments through the experimentâ€™s stress showed a greater shoot length (30 cm), total plant dry weight (7.95 g), Fv/Fm ratio (0.62) and leaf chlorophyll content (37.51 SPAD units) than poor-nourished plants without stress condition (15 cm, 5.57 g, 0.5 and 12.69 SPAD units, respectively) at the end of the experiment. Overall, waterlogging reduced leaf area and nitrogen use efficiency (about 75% and 50%, respectively) in both N levels. However, periods of waterlogging enhanced dry matter partitioning to stems (around 30-35%) in both N levels. This study showed that tamarillo plants are susceptible to landscaping situations where periods of waterlogging can be expected regardless of their N nutritional status.
Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia
Authors: PAVLOVIC Snežana , RISTIC Danijela , VUCUROVIC Ivan , STEVANOVIC Miloš , STOJANOVIC Saša , KUZMANOVIC Slobodan , STAROVIC Mira Sava
Published: March 2017

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an important medicinal spice plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Anise seeds are rich in essential oils and this is a reason why anise production in Serbia has increased over the last decade. During a routine health inspection on anise seeds collected from three localities in the province of Vojvodina (MoÅ¡orin, Veliki Radinci and OstojiÄ‡evo) during 2012 and 2013, it was found out that Fusarium spp. were a commonly observed fungi. The presence of Fusarium fungion the seed samples ranged from 3.75-13.75%. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the strains of Fusarium species present on anise seed samples as it is necessary that commercially used anise seeds are completely free of Fusarium. Based on morphological, microscopic characteristics and a molecular identification by sequencing of TEF gene, the presence of the following species was confirmed on the anise seeds: F. tricinctum, F. proliferatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichoides, F. incarnatum and F. verticillioides. According to our knowledge and research, this is the first report of F. tricinctum and F. sporotrichoides as pathogens on anise seeds in the world. All seven isolates of Fusarium species are pathogenic to the anise seedlings, while the most virulent species were F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum and F. incarnatum.
Comparative Analysis of the Alien Vascular Flora of Sardinia and Corsica
Authors: PUDDU Selena , PODDA Lina , MAYORAL Olga , DELAGE Alain , HUGOT Laetitia , PETIT Yohan , BACCHETTA Gianluigi
Published: March 2017

This article provides a comparison of the vascular alien flora of Sardinia (Italy) and that of Corsica (France), both territories belonging to the Western Mediterranean biogeographic subregion. The study has recorded 598 (90 doubtful) alien taxa in Sardinia (18% of the total flora) while 553 (87 doubtful) in Corsica (17%); six are new report to Sardinia and 27 to Corsica. A total of 234 taxa are common to both islands. Neophytes are 344 taxa (68% of the total) in Sardinia and 399 taxa (73%) in Corsica. The invasive component includes 64 taxa in Sardinia (13% of the alien flora) and 99 taxa (21%) in Corsica, 33 of them common to both territories. The total 740 alien taxa of Sardinia and Corsica are included in 93 families; being Fabaceae the richest. The comparison of the biological spectrum reveals that phanerophytes (202 taxa, 40%) are the most represented in Sardinia and therophytes (149 taxa, 32%) in Corsica. A study of the geographical origin shows supremacy of the American element in Sardinia (170 taxa, 34%) and in Corsica (136 taxa, 29%). The majority of taxa arrived as a result of intentional human introductions, mainly for ornamental use (247 taxa, 49% in Sardinia; 208 taxa, 45% in Corsica). Semi-natural, agricultural and synanthropic are the most occupied habitats. These data show the need for joint action to stem the increasingly worrying phenomenon of the alien flora in order to reduce the negative effects on natural habitats and native flora.