bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costs and Benefits of Undergraduates Revealing Depression to Online Science Instructors
Authors: Busch Carly A. , Mohammed Tasneem F. , Nadile Erika M. , Witt Madison L. , Vargas Cindy , Tran Missy , Wolf Joseph Gazing , Brister Danielle , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: January 2023

This study of 1179 undergraduates with depression examined whether students revealed their depression to their online science instructors and the reasoning behind their decisions. Few students revealed their depression, but perceived that if they did, they would benefit by receiving accommodations but risk instructor judgment.
Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and self-harm: Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Erlangsen Annette , Qin Ping , Madsen Trine , Hawton Keith , Osler Merete , Hjorthøj Carsten , Benros Michael E. , Ethelberg Steen , Mølbak Kåre , Laursen Thomas Munk , Nordentoft Merete , Nilsson Sandra Feodor
Published: January 2023

Background

Case studies have linked SARS-CoV-2 infection to suicidal behaviour. However, conclusive evidence is lacking.

Aims

To examine whether a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission was associated with self-harm in the general population and in high-risk groups.

Method

A cohort design was applied to nationwide data on all people aged ≥15 years and living in Denmark between 27 February 2020 and 15 October 2021. Exposure was identified as having had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, and further assessed as SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission. Rates of probable self-harm were examined using adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). The following subgroups were identified: (a) lower educational level, (b) chronic medical conditions, (c) disability pension, (d) mental disorders, (e) substance use disorders, and history of (f) homelessness and (g) imprisonment.

Results

Among 4 412 248 included individuals, 260 663 (5.9%) had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 5453 individuals presenting with self-harm, 131 (2.4%) had been infected. Individuals with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result had an aIRR for self-harm of 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–1.03) compared with those without. High rates were found after a SARS-CoV-2-related hospital admission (aIRR = 7.68; 95% CI 5.61–10.51) or a non-SARS-CoV-2-related admission (aIRR = 10.27; 95% CI 9.65–10.93) versus non-infected and not admitted. In sensitivity analyses with a more restrictive definition of self-harm, a positive PCR test was associated with lower rates of self-harm.

Conclusions

Individuals with a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection did not have higher rates of self-harm than those without. Hospital admission in general, rather than being SARS-CoV-2 positive. seemed to be linked to elevated rates of self-harm.
The coupling of multi-channel optical vortices based on angular momentum conservation using a single-layer metal metasurface
Authors: Shangguan Jingcheng , Sun Qing'an , Jin Lei , Deng Xuyan , Cheng Haowei , Wang Yilin , Liang Kun , Yu Li
Published: January 2023

Optical vortices (OVs) carry the orbital angular momentum with arbitrary topological charges, which has excellent potential in optical communication, photonic integrated circuits, optical trapping, and so on. However, generating arbitrary orders of adjustable optical vortices remains to be solved. Here, we propose a single-layer metal porous metasurface operating in infrared band for generating vortex beams from first to fourth order based on the spin-orbit interactions (SOI). The optical vortices with integral 2π phase are obtained through generating double geometric phase induced by structural element spin rotation. Furthermore, the new phenomenon of optical vortices emerging on the center has also been observed in our system, which is caused by the coupling of multi-channel same-order OVs. Our work possesses wide applications in optical communication, multiplex and demultiplex systems, optical capture devices, and communication coding.
Preliminary Experience Suggests the Addition of Choroid Plexus Cauterization to Functional Hemispherectomy May Reduce Posthemispherectomy Hydrocephalus
Authors: Phillips H. Westley , Chen Jia-Shu , Tucker Alexander M. , Ding Kevin , Kashanian Alon , Nagahama Yasunori , Mathern Gary W. , Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cerebral hemispherectomy can effectively treat unihemispheric epilepsy. However, posthemispherectomy hydrocephalus (PHH), a serious life-long complication, remains prevalent, requiring careful considerations in technique selection and postoperative management. In 2016, we began incorporating open choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) into our institution's hemispherectomy procedure in an attempt to prevent PHH.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether routine CPC prevented PHH without exacerbating hemispherectomy efficacy or safety.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy between 2011 and 2021 was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with PHH requiring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting.

RESULTS:

Sixty-eight patients were included in this study, of whom 26 (38.2%) underwent CPC. Fewer patients required CSF shunting in the CPC group (7.7% vs 28.7%, P = .033) and no patients who underwent de novo hemispherectomy with CPC developed PHH. Both cohorts experienced seizure freedom (65.4% vs 59.5%, P = .634) and postoperative complications, including infection (3.8% vs 2.4%, P = .728), hemorrhage (0.0% vs 2.4%, P = .428), and revision hemispherectomy (19.2% vs 14.3%, P = .591) at similar rates. Patients without CPC had greater odds of developing PHH requiring CSF shunting (odds ratio = 8.36, P = .026). The number needed to treat with CPC to prevent an additional case of PHH was 4.8, suggesting high effectiveness.

CONCLUSION:

Preventing PHH is critical. Our early experience demonstrated that routinely incorporating CPC into hemispherectomy effectively prevents PHH without causing additional complications, especially in first-time hemispherectomies. A multicenter randomized controlled trial with long-term follow-up is required to corroborate the findings of our single-institutional case series and determine whether greater adoption of this technique is justified.
Timing of Recovery After Surgery for Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: An Observational Study From the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network
Authors: Evaniew Nathan , Coyle Matthew , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Bailey Christopher S. , Jacobs W. Bradley , Cadotte David W. , Thomas Kenneth C. , Attabib Najmedden , Paquet Jérôme , Nataraj Andrew , Christie Sean D. , Weber Michael H. , Phan Philippe , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Fisher Charles G. , Hall Hamilton , McIntosh Greg , Dea Nicolas
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

The time course over which postoperative neurological recovery occurs after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy occurs is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the time point at which patients experience significant neurological improvement.

METHODS:

We reviewed data from an ongoing prospective multicenter cohort study. We measured neurological function at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery using the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scale. We implemented minimal clinical important differences (MCIDs) to guide interpretation of mJOA scores, and we used 1-way analysis of variance to compare changes between follow-up intervals.

RESULTS:

Among 330 patients, the mean overall mJOA improved from 12.9 (SD 2.6) to 14.6 (SD 2.4) at 3 months, 14.7 (SD 2.4) at 1 year, and 14.8 (SD 2.5) at 2 years. The difference in means was statistically significant (P < .01) at the interval from baseline to 3 months postoperatively, but not from 3 months to 1 year or 1 year to 2 years. The MCID was reached by 161 patients at 3 months, 32 more at 1 year, and 15 more at 2 years, with a statistically significant difference only at 3 months. Patients with moderate or severe disease reached the MCID more frequently than those with mild disease.

CONCLUSION:

Among patients who underwent surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy, most significant neurological improvement occurred by 3 months after surgery. These findings will facilitate valid discussions about postoperative expectations during shared clinical decision making between patients and their surgeons.
Salvage of Intraoperative Rupture of a Wide-Necked Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: The Felt-Fenestrated Clipping Technique
Authors: Housley Steven B. , Monteiro Andre , Cappuzzo Justin M. , Khawar Wasiq I. , Levy Elad I.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative aneurysm rupture during microsurgical clipping can be managed with different salvage techniques. In an aneurysm with a very wide neck that is located at a bifurcation, repairing an iatrogenic tear can be challenging and carry the risk of branch occlusion and infarction.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a variation of the cotton-clipping technique modified to better fit the bifurcation anatomy, which we call “felt-fenestrated clipping.”

METHODS:

An illustrative case of intraoperative rupture of a wide-necked middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm is presented. Radiological imaging, operative video, and technique illustration were obtained and prepared for this report.

RESULTS:

A middle-aged woman underwent microsurgical clipping of a wide-necked middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm. A right-angle clip became dislodged from the clip applier and snapped across the aneurysm causing a small rupture at the base. This was later determined to be the result of improper placement of a standard clip onto a mini-clip applier. After a few salvage attempts, a small piece of Teflon felt was placed over the rupture site and held in place using a straight, fenestrated clip. Then, the right-angle clip was applied over the true neck of the aneurysm and the edge of the rupture site, covering the Teflon felt to obtain true hemostasis.

CONCLUSION:

We demonstrate a technically successful felt-fenestrated clipping technique for treatment of an intraoperative rupture not amenable to other salvage options. This technique is useful to achieve hemostasis while preserving branches in wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms.
Cisternal, Falciform, and Optic Canal Decompression Influencing Optic Nerve Biomechanics: A Microsurgical Anatomic Study
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Dacus Mallory R. , Kumar Rahul , Spencer David , Arnautović Kenan I.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Questions remain regarding optic nerve (ON) physiology, mechanical compliance, and microvasculature, particularly surgical outcomes and atypical visual field defects associated with sellar/parasellar pathology (eg, tumors and aneurysms).

OBJECTIVE:

To study the microsurgical/histological anatomy of each ON segment and corresponding microvasculature, calculate area of optic-carotid space at each decompression stage, and measure ON tension before/after compression.

METHODS:

Five cadaveric heads (10 sides) underwent sequential dissection: (1) intradural (arachnoidal) ON dissection; (2) falciform ligament opening; (3) anterior clinoidectomy, optic canal decompression, and ON sheath release. At each step, we pulled the nerve superiorly/laterally with a force meter and measured maximal mobility/mechanical tension in each position.

RESULTS:

Cisternal ON microvasculature was more superficial and less dense vs the orbital segment. ON tension was significantly lower with higher mobility when manipulated superiorly vs lateromedially. Optic-carotid space significantly increased in size at each decompression stage and with ON mobilization both superiorly and laterally, but the increase was statistically significant in favor of upward mobilization. At decompression step, upward pull provided more space with less tension vs side pull. For upward pull, each step of decompression provided added space as did side pull.

CONCLUSION:

Opening the optic canal, falciform ligament, and arachnoid membrane decompresses the ON for safer manipulation and provided a wider optic-carotid surgical corridor to access sellar/parasellar pathology. When tailoring decompression, the ON should be manipulated superiorly rather than lateromedially, which may guide surgical technique, help prevent intraoperative visual deterioration, facilitate postoperative visual improvement, and help understand preoperative visual field deficits based on mechanical factors.
International Learner Perceptions, Educational Value, and Cost Associated With the Use of Start-to-Finish Surgical Simulation Compared With Cadaveric Models
Authors: Damon Aaron , Lee Seung Jin , Pichelmann Mark , Nottmeier Eric , CreveCoeur Travis S. , Clifton William
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Graduate surgical education is highly variable across regions and institutions regarding case volume and degree of trainee participation in each case. Dedicated educational curriculum using cadaveric tissue has been shown to enhance graduate surgical training, however with associated financial and utility burden to the institution.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the utility of educational and cost applications of a novel method of combining mixed organic hydrogel polymers and 3-dimensional printed anatomic structures to create a complete “start-to-finish” simulation for resident education in spinal anatomy, instrumentation, and surgical techniques.

METHODS:

This qualitative pilot study investigated 14 international participants on achievement of objective and personal learning goals in a standardized curriculum using biomimetic simulation compared with cadaveric tissue. A questionnaire was developed to examine trainee evaluation of individual anatomic components of the biomimetic simulators compared with previous experience with cadaveric tissue.

RESULTS:

A total of 210 responses were acquired from 14 participants. Six participants originated from US residency education programs and 8 from transcontinental residency programs. Survey results for the simulation session revealed high user satisfaction. Score averages for each portion of the simulation session indicated learner validation of anatomic features for the simulation compared with previous cadaveric experience. Cost analysis resulted in an estimated savings of $10 833.00 for this single simulation session compared with previous cadaveric tissue sessions.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study indicate a strong potential of establishing biomimetic simulation as a cost-effective and high-quality alternative to cadaveric tissue for the instruction of fundamental spine surgical techniques.
Dual Dural Patch Graft With AlloDerm and DuraGen Underlay for Duraplasty in Chiari Malformation Results in Significantly Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Complications
Authors: Hamrick Forrest , Eli Ilyas M. , Hunsaker Joshua , Kim Robert B. , Karsy Michael , Schmidt Richard H.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Grafts available for posterior fossa dural reconstruction after Chiari decompression surgery include synthetic, xenograft, allograft, and autograft materials. The reported rates of postoperative pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid leak vary, but so far, no dural patch material or technique has sufficiently eliminated these problems.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the incidence of graft-related complications after posterior fossa surgery using AlloDerm alone vs AlloDerm with a DuraGen underlay.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective single-center study of a cohort of 106 patients who underwent Chiari decompression surgery by a single surgeon from 2014 through 2021. Age, sex, body mass index, tonsillar descent, syrinx formation, type of dural graft, and follow-up data were analyzed using univariate and χ2 statistical tests.

RESULTS:

The AlloDerm-only group had a percutaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate of 8.6% vs a 0% rate in the dual graft group (P = .037). At initial follow-up, there was a 15.5% combined rate of pseudomeningocele formation plus CSF leak in the AlloDerm-only group vs 18.8% in the AlloDerm + DuraGen group (P = .659). However, the pseudomeningoceles were larger in the AlloDerm-only cohort (45.5 vs 22.4 mm anteroposterior plane, P = .004), and 5 patients in this group required operative repair (56%). All pseudomeningoceles resolved without reoperation in the AlloDerm + DuraGen group (P = .003).

CONCLUSION:

The use of a DuraGen underlay with a sutured AlloDerm dural patch resulted in significantly fewer CSF-related complications and eliminated the need for reoperation compared with AlloDerm alone. This single-center study provides evidence that buttressing posterior fossa dural grafts with a DuraGen underlay may decrease the risk of postoperative complications.
C2 Dome-Like Expansive Laminoplasty Versus C2 Open-Door Laminoplasty for Treating Multilevel Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Involving C2
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xia Bo , Chen Fei , Zhu Jingyu , Lu Xuhua , Ni Bin , Guo Qunfeng
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

There are controversies over the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving C2.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the outcomes of C2 dome-like expansive laminoplasty (C2DL) and C2 open-door laminoplasty (C2OL) for treating cervical OPLL involving C2.

METHODS:

The data of 36 patients undergoing C2OL and 40 patients treated with C2DL because of cervical OPLL involving C2 were retrospectively analyzed. The functional outcomes of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Neck Disability Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey score, and visual analog scale score for neck pain were compared between the 2 groups. The C2-C7 Cobb angle, cervical range of motion (ROM), and space available for the spinal cord at C2 were measured.

RESULTS:

At the final follow-up, the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Neck Disability Index, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey score significantly improved in both groups (all P < .05), but with no significant intergroup differences (all P > .05). The visual analog scale score for neck pain reduced significantly in both groups (P < .05), but the patients in the C2OL group experienced more severe neck axial pain (P < .05). The C2-C7 Cobb angle and cervical ROM reduced greatly in both groups (P < .05), but those in the C2OL group decreased more (P < .05). The spinal cord at C2 significantly improved in both groups (P < .05), with no significant intergroup differences (P > .05).

CONCLUSION:

C2DL was superior to C2OL in maintaining the cervical alignment and ROM and reducing neck axial pain for treating OPLL involving C2.
Variation in Cervical Pedicle Morphology: Important Considerations for Posterior Cervical Procedures
Authors: Goldberg Jacob L. , Carnevale Joseph A. , Xia Jimmy , Sommer Fabian , Gadjradj Pravesh , Medary Branden , Giantini-Larsen Alexandra , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Tsiouris A. John , Chakravarthy Vikram , Schwarz Justin T. , McGrath Lynn B. , Virk Michael S. , Fu Kai-Ming , Riew K. Daniel , Hussain Ibrahim , Härtl Roger
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Safe posterior cervical spine surgery requires in-depth understanding of the surgical anatomy and common variations. The cervical pedicle attachment site to the vertebral body (VB) affects the location of exiting nerve roots and warrants preoperative evaluation. The relative site of attachment of the cervical pedicle has not been previously described.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the site of the pedicle attachment to the VB in the subaxial cervical spine.

METHODS:

Cervical spine computed tomography scans without any structural, degenerative, or traumatic pathology as read by a board-certified neuroradiologist during 2021 were reviewed. Multiplanar reconstructions were created and cross-registered. The pedicle's attachment to the VB was measured relative to the VB height using a novel calculation system.

RESULTS:

Fifty computed tomography scans met inclusion criteria yielding 600 total pedicles between C3-T1 (100 per level). The average patient age was 26 ± 5.3 years, and 21/50 (42%) were female. 468/600 (78%) pedicles attached in the cranial third of the VB, 132/600 (22%) attached in the middle third, and 0 attached to the caudal third. The highest prevalence of variant anatomy occurred at C3 (36/100 C3 pedicles; 36%).

CONCLUSION:

In the subaxial cervical spine, pedicles frequently attach to the top third of the VB, but significant variation is observed. The rate of variation is highest at C3 and decreases linearly with caudal progression down the subaxial cervical spine to T1. This is the first report investigating this morphological phenomenon.
Single-Center Case Series of Simple Proximal Clipping for Large Thrombosed Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: Preservation of Perforating Arteries and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Arai Shintaro , Mizutani Tohru , Sugiyama Tatsuya , Sumi Kenji , Matsumoto Masaki
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Surgical proximal parent artery occlusion (PAO) is one of the treatments for partially thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysms (PTVAs). However, whether long-term changes in size and perforating arteries through the blind end can be truly preserved remain unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical proximal PAO for PTVAs, focusing on the transition in size and preservation of perforating arteries.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed 14 consecutive cases of unruptured large PTVAs. The cases were treated with surgical proximal PAO without trapping or thrombectomy. Preservation of the perforating arteries was confirmed through intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography. The aneurysm size was evaluated by measuring the maximum diameter on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Post-treatment outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale at the last follow-up examination.

RESULTS:

Thirteen patients (excluding 1 with morbidity) had a mean follow-up time of 33.2 months (range, 12-60 months) and a mean reduction rate of 71% (range, 32%-95%). Only 1 patient (7.2%) experienced postoperative stroke, and 13 patients (92.8%) showed no worsening of the modified Rankin Scale score at the final follow-up examination. The symptoms were improved in 5 of the 6 symptomatic patients (83.3%). In 10 patients (71.4%), a perforating branch that could not be identified on preoperative imaging was identified intraoperatively.

CONCLUSION:

Surgical proximal PAO without trapping or thrombectomy for PTVAs allows long-term reduction of aneurysm size and improves treatment safety by preserving the perforating artery, especially in cases wherein direct reconstruction is not feasible.
Magel2 truncation alters select behavioral and physiological outcomes in a rat model of Schaaf-Yang syndrome
Authors: Reznik Derek L. , Yang Mingxiao V. , Albelda de la Haza Pedro , Jain Antrix , Spanjaard Melanie , Theiss Susanne , Schaaf Christian P. , Malovannaya Anna , Strong Theresa V. , Veeraragavan Surabi , Samaco Rodney C.
Published: January 2023

Previous studies in mice have utilized Magel2 gene deletion models to examine the consequences of its absence. We report the generation, molecular validation and phenotypic characterization of a novel rat model with a truncating Magel2 mutation modeling variants associated with Schaaf-Yang syndrome-causing mutations. Within the hypothalamus, a brain region in which human MAGEL2 is paternally expressed, we demonstrated, at the level of transcript and peptide detection, that rat Magel2 exhibits a paternal, parent-of-origin effect. In evaluations of behavioral features across several domains, juvenile Magel2 mutant rats displayed alterations in anxiety-like behavior and sociability measures. Moreover, the analysis of peripheral organ systems detected alterations in body composition, cardiac structure and function, and breathing irregularities in Magel2 mutant rats. Several of these findings are concordant with reported mouse phenotypes, indicating the conservation of MAGEL2 function across rodent species. Our comprehensive analysis revealing impairments across multiple domains demonstrates the tractability of this model system for the study of truncating MAGEL2 mutations.
Behavioral algorithms and neural mechanisms underlying odor-modulated locomotion in insects
Authors: Wechsler Samuel P. , Bhandawat Vikas
Published: January 2023

Odors released from mates and resources such as a host and food are often the first sensory signals that an animal can detect. Changes in locomotion in response to odors are an important mechanism by which animals access resources important to their survival. Odor-modulated changes in locomotion in insects constitute a whole suite of flexible behaviors that allow insects to close in on these resources from long distances and perform local searches to locate and subsequently assess them. Here, we review changes in odor-mediated locomotion across many insect species. We emphasize that changes in locomotion induced by odors are diverse. In particular, the olfactory stimulus is sporadic at long distances and becomes more continuous at short distances. This distance-dependent change in temporal profile produces a corresponding change in an insect's locomotory strategy. We also discuss the neural circuits underlying odor modulation of locomotion.
Scheduling Concurrent Training 48 versus 72 h after Simulated Match Play: Effects on Neuromuscular Function and Fatigue
Authors: CROSS REBECCA , LOVELL RIC , MARSHALL PAUL W. , NORRIS DEAN , SIEGLER JASON C.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Scheduling concurrent training (CT) during the in-season microcycle in field-based team sport is driven by prematch and postmatch recovery. This study examined the neuromuscular function, fatigue, and soreness responses to CT administered 48 h (match day (MD) + 2) versus 72 h (MD + 3) after match.

Methods

Ten male recreational-level team sport athletes were monitored daily during two 5-d microcycles, which began with a simulated match (Soccer-specific Aerobic Field Test (SAFT90)) and CT performed either 48 or 72 h after match. Maximal voluntary force, quadriceps maximum EMG, voluntary activation, muscle contractile function (evoked twitch responses), muscle soreness, and fatigue were assessed immediately before and after the SAFT90, and every 24 up to 96 h after match. Outcome measures were also assessed immediately after CT. The CT consisted of an intermittent sprint protocol and a lower limb resistance training session separated by 1 h.

Results

Immediately after the SAFT90 in both conditions, maximal voluntary force was below baseline (mean change (Δ), −14.6% ± 10.0%; P = 0.03), recovering 48 h post. Quadriceps contractile function (Δ, −31.5% ± 11.4%; P = 0.003) and voluntary activation (Δ, −8.9 ± 6.2%; P = 0.003) were also hampered after the SAFT90, recovering 24 h post in both conditions. In addition, the SAFT90 elicited elevated levels of fatigue and muscle soreness that recovered 24 h after the SAFT90 before increasing at 72 and 96 h post in the MD + 2 and MD + 3 conditions, respectively.

Conclusions

Recovery of fatigue was only observed at the end of the microcycle when CT was prescribed on MD + 2. Therefore, CT scheduled early (MD + 2) in the microcycle might avoid compromising forthcoming match preparation.
Protocol for the electroencephalography guidance of anesthesia to alleviate geriatric syndromes (ENGAGES-Canada) study: A pragmatic, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Deschamps Alain , Saha Tarit , El-Gabalawy Renée , Jacobsohn Eric , Overbeek Charles , Palermo Jennifer , Robichaud Sophie , Dumont Andrea Alicia , Djaiani George , Carroll Jo , Kavosh Morvarid S. , Tanzola Rob , Schmitt Eva M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Oberhaus Jordan , Mickle Angela , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Avidan Michael S. , Clinical Trials Group Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia
Published: January 2023

Background:  There is some evidence that electroencephalography guidance of general anesthesia can decrease postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery.  There is limited evidence in this regard for cardiac surgery.  A suppressed electroencephalogram pattern, occurring with deep anesthesia, is associated with increased incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) and death.  However, it is not yet clear whether this electroencephalographic pattern reflects an underlying vulnerability associated with increased incidence of delirium and mortality, or whether it is a modifiable risk factor for these adverse outcomes.

Methods:  The Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES-Canada) is an ongoing pragmatic 1200 patient trial at four Canadian sites.  The study compares the effect of two anesthetic management approaches on the incidence of POD after cardiac surgery.  One approach is based on current standard anesthetic practice and the other on electroencephalography guidance to reduce POD. In the guided arm, clinicians are encouraged to decrease anesthetic administration, primarily if there is electroencephalogram suppression and secondarily if the EEG index is lower than the manufacturers recommended value (bispectral index (BIS) or WAVcns below 40 or Patient State Index below 25).  The aim in the guided group is to administer the minimum concentration of anesthetic considered safe for individual patients.  The primary outcome of the study is the incidence of POD, detected using the confusion assessment method or the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit; coupled with structured delirium chart review.  Secondary outcomes include unexpected intraoperative movement, awareness, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, delirium severity and duration, quality of life, falls, and predictors and outcomes of perioperative distress and dissociation.

Discussion:  The ENGAGES-Canada trial will help to clarify whether or not using the electroencephalogram to guide anesthetic administration during cardiac surgery decreases the incidence, severity, and duration of POD.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02692300) 26/02/2016
Patient reported outcome measures in childbirth and postpartum maternal quality of life: a protocol for systematic review of measurement properties.
Authors: O'Byrne Laura J. , Maher Gillian M. , Khashan Ali S. , Greene Richard A. , Browne John , McCarthy Fergus P.
Published: January 2023

Background: Patient centred healthcare is the corner stone to many healthcare strategies. Patient specific health needs should be at the fore of healthcare improvements and quality measurements.  Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) that support real world clinical effectiveness assessments are increasingly being used to highlight domains where there is the greatest scope for change.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate existing patient reported assessment measures/tool(s) that can be used in developing a PROM for postpartum women. We will assess and evaluate their measurement properties in a transparent and structured way in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines.

Methods: Methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of PROMs have been developed by the COSMIN initiative and will be followed for this systematic review. A systematic literature review will be performed using PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE from inception to the present day. Two reviewers independently will judge eligibility, conduct data extraction and assess the methodological quality of each study as per COSMIN guidelines. Inclusion criteria: studies should concern PROM with an aim to evaluate measurement properties in the development or the evaluation of a PROM of interest. Included PROM will focus upon postpartum women assessing morbidity and quality of care. All peer reviewed studies with an assessment tool designed for patient completion will be considered. Exclusion criteria; abstract, letters and non-peer reviewed publications. Studies will be graded on measurement properties and quality of evidence as laid out by COSMIN. All studies and characteristics eligible for inclusion will be summarised and a recommendation to the most suitable measurement tool(s) will be given.

Discussion: We will provide a comprehensive description of all available patient reported assessment tools available for childbirth and postpartum quality of life and recommend based on COSMIN guidelines the most suitable instrument(s) available for use.
A timeline of freedom of movement in the European Economic Area
Authors: Barker Emily
Published: January 2023

The European Economic Area (EEA) provides a common market for goods, labour, services, and capital. Promoting integration between countries through the free movement of labour, or more generally persons, pre-dates the previous forms of the EEA. However, during the Southern and Eastern Expansions of the European Union, there have been transition agreements on persons, designed to restrict immigration. Opening up labour markets to the new member states with signifcantly lower GDP per capita than existing states, has been contentious. This is why the use of transition agreements have permitted periods which existing members can limit immigration. Not all existing member states impose restrictions, and during the Eastern Enlargements, the restrictions were imposed for varying lengths of time by different existing members up to a maximum of seven years. During the transition agreement, the economies of new members and existing members can converge, which is ultimately designed to limit the pull factor of migration. In this note, we provide a concise resource of the timeline of the expansion of full free movement of persons for countries in the EEA and Switzerland.
When science meets entrepreneurship
Authors: Satrio Dara , Rijkeboer Vanessa , Reitsma Angelica , Lindgreen Edo Roos , Wolthers Katja C. , Pajkrt Dasja
Published: January 2023

Science industries, such as the health and medical industry, are experiencing increases in competition regarding commercializing, patenting, and funding of scientific outputs. As such, scientists are facing increased expectation to engage in academic entrepreneurship. OrganoVIR (Organoids for Virus Research) is a Horizon2020 Innovative Training Network (ITN) that aims to train Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) to lead innovation in the field of human organoids for virus research. To assist them in this process, OrganoVIR introduced a pre-Master of Business Administration program that introduced OrganoVIR’s ESRs to the tools and knowledge necessary to navigate the competitive industry. In this article, we describe this innovative pre-Master of Business Administration program and highlight the importance as well as the need for having a pre-Master of Business Administration programs in a scientific training network.
Occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality in the United Kingdom: Available data and framework for analyses
Authors: Pearce Neil , Rhodes Sarah , Stocking Katie , Pembrey Lucy , van Veldhoven Karin , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Robertson Steve , Davoren Donna , Nafilyan Vahe , Windsor-Shellard Ben , Fletcher Tony , van Tongeren Martie
Published: January 2023

There are important differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death depending on occupation. Infections in healthcare workers have received the most attention, and there are clearly increased risks for intensive care unit workers who are caring for COVID-19 patients. However, a number of other occupations may also be at an increased risk, particularly those which involve social care or contact with the public.

A large number of data sets are available with the potential to assess occupational risks of COVID-19 incidence, severity, or mortality. We are reviewing these data sets as part of the Partnership for Research in Occupational, Transport, Environmental COVID Transmission (PROTECT) initiative, which is part of the National COVID-19 Core Studies. In this report, we review the data sets available (including the key variables on occupation and potential confounders) for examining occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 incidence, severity and mortality. We also discuss the possible types of analyses of these data sets and the definitions of (occupational) exposure and outcomes.

We conclude that none of these data sets are ideal, and all have various strengths and weaknesses. For example, mortality data suffer from problems of coding of COVID-19 deaths, and the deaths (in England and Wales) that have been referred to the coroner are unavailable. On the other hand, testing data is heavily biased in some periods (particularly the first wave) because some occupations (e.g. healthcare workers) were tested more often than the general population. Random population surveys are, in principle, ideal for estimating population prevalence and incidence, but are also affected by non-response. Thus, any analysis of the risks in a particular occupation or sector (e.g. transport), will require a careful analysis and triangulation of findings across the various available data sets.
Gender games. Gender roles in sport social media challenges: a content analysis.
Authors: Azzarita Vittoria , Carbonari Maddalena , Grasso Marta , Miraglia Cosimo
Published: January 2023

Esta investigación indaga la práctica deportiva a través de la lente de género en plataformas digitales. Al estar implicados en la construcción de la corporalidad, los deportes tienden a reproducir los valores socialmente dominantes sobre lo que significa ser mujer u hombre. En consecuencia, está muy extendida la idea de que existen «deportes femeninos» y «deportes masculinos». En concreto, nos centramos en las prácticas deportivas mediante el fenómeno de los retos en las redes sociales. Estos están muy correlacionados con conceptos como desafío y rendimiento, en los que también se promulga el género. El objetivo es explorar hasta qué punto estos retos deportivos promueven las ideas predominantes sobre la feminidad y la masculinidad, y en qué casos las cuestionan. Utilizamos un conjunto de datos de unos mil vídeos, compartidos en cuatro plataformas de redes sociales durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2020 y el 31 de enero de 2021. De este conjunto de datos, se seleccionaron 136 retos marcados como «deporte», «habilidad física» o «fitness». El análisis de contenido, elegido como método de análisis, muestra cómo a través de estos nuevos retos se perpetúan y promueven las diferencias de género tradicionales en lugar de cuestionarlas. En este sentido, a pesar de que las plataformas digitales han creado nuevos espacios simbólicos y expresivos en los que se pueden implementar formas de autorrepresentación e interacción antaño y desarrollar nuevas posibilidades de agencia los retos deportivos en medios sociales, aún no parecen participar plenamente en ese proceso.
Mensajes misóginos en los perfiles de TikTok de la prensa española: estudio y percepción por parte de los jóvenes.
Authors: Martínez Valerio Lizette
Published: January 2023

Las redes sociales se han convertido en una de las principales vías de difusión de contenidos por parte de los medios de comunicación tradicionales. La última en sumarse a ellas es la china TikTok, aupada a fenómeno de masas gracias a la llamada «Generación Z» y a los meses de confinamiento pandémico. Sin embargo, estos entornos en los que tanto tiempo pasan los jóvenes se han convertido también en difusores de discursos de odio, entre ellos, el que se hace en contra de las mujeres, la misoginia. La presente investigación explora a través de grupos de discusión la percepción por parte de los jóvenes de este tipo de mensajes en TikTok, en particular en los perfiles de la prensa española. A su vez, comprueba con un análisis cuantitativo si en los contenidos de dichos perfiles los usuarios dejan mensajes machistas o misóginos. Proponiendo, además, la siguiente clasificación de dichos mensajes: no sexista/misógino, sexista/sexismo benevolente, odio/misógino, acoso y amenazas. Se concluye que los perfiles de la prensa española en TikTok son entornos prácticamente libres de mensajes de odio contra las mujeres, coincidiendo con la percepción expresada por los jóvenes.
The Importance of Old and New Symbolism in Modern Scottish National Identity
Authors: Leith Murray , Radowicz Joanna Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the use of myths and symbols, and the culture and values that underpin contemporary Scottish Identity. Symbols and myths play very important role in contemporary Scottish national identity, and many have a centuries- old tradition and are clearly associated with Scottishness, while others, created much later, are an important element of national belonging for Scots. Interestingly, some of these symbols and myths are so prominent and expressive that they are associated with Scottishness around the world. Others, on the other hand, are less recognisable worldwide, but have significant efficacy in Scotland. The importance of symbols that underpin, define and re-enforce Scottish national identity cannot be understated. They are evidence of pride in being Scottish and of belonging to the Scottish nation. Symbols and myths enable Scots, both old and new to express their national belonging. Furthermore, they provide an important element of national cohesion and a sense of national identity in turbulent times. We consider the issue of the song, dress, land and flag of the nation, and how they contribute to a sense of Scottishness at home (and abroad) today.
Homo Viator
Authors: Damyanova Desislava
Published: January 2023

This research starts from the premise that in the 21st century shifting personal identities can be better understood in relation to other identity markers (such as traditional heritage, ethnicity, the historical past etc.). My overall objective in this paper is to place the concept of migration (Homo Viator, the man on a journey) in its broader cultural context and to address issues of diversity and permissiveness. Since we live in a globalised world with very different beliefs, societal ideals, moral values and community structures, our investigation on the topic is conducted within a pluralistic framework and from an interdisciplinary perspective. Given that we must face the difficulties in establishing a universal peace-building process through a comparative analysis of the man on a journey in the so called “Eastern” and „Western” civilisation area, such an approach will provide a well-grounded evaluation of the abovementioned trends, according to global standards, criteria and principles.
Exclusion and Marginalisation as a Barrier to the Integration of Immigrants in European Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Societies
Authors: Gul-Rechlewicz Violetta
Published: January 2023

The integration of immigrants and refugees (especially since the migration crisis) has become the axis of socio-political discourse around the world. As the acceptance of new arrivals by host societies has come to question, the countries of the European Union (especially the so-called old Union) have found themselves at a crossroads. On the one hand, they want to adhere to their traditions and values such as tolerance and openness to “strangers,” while on the other hand, more and more often – as shown by statistics – a disturbingly large percentage of Europeans do not accept the growing number of foreigners (especially of Muslim origin) within their countries. This article points to the disturbing, growing phenomena of racial discrimination, unequal treatment, and exclusion which prevent immigrants and refugees from finding their way in a new reality, largely hampering their integration into new societies. The above statement also constitutes the research hypothesis presented in this text.
The Decoy Effect and Recommendation Systems
Authors: Mousavi Nasim , Adamopoulos Panagiotis , Bockstedt Jesse
Published: January 2023

Recommendation systems and the decoy effect are two popular marketing techniques that have been used for facilitating decision making. Practitioners often use decoys to help drive demand for specific items, and prior research has shown the decoy effect to be robust in traditional choice settings, with consistent reporting of an overall positive impact. Recommendation systems are also increasingly being used to present item choice sets to customers and users, assisting users in their decision-making process. However, previous work has not examined the decoy effect in the context of recommendations. The decoy effect may facilitate consumer decision making and positively impact user behavior when used with recommendation systems. However, in the recommendation context, customers often have different expectations for the reliability and quality of the presented information. Hence, a decoy as a recommendation could signal issues in system reliability, resulting in a negative effect. Our study demonstrates that depending on the recommendation context, the decoy effect can be beneficial or counterproductive. Specifically, we find in the personalized context, including a decoy minimizes the demand for the target option and pushes consumers to opt out of purchase, which deviates from the traditional decoy effect. However, a decoy increases the target item’s demand in the nonpersonalized context, following the conventional decoy effect.
The Parallel Drone Scheduling Traveling Salesman Problem with Collective Drones
Authors: Nguyen Minh Anh , Hà Minh Hoàng
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study a new variant of the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem that aims to increase the utilization of drones, particularly for heavy item deliveries. The system under consideration adopts a technology that combines multiple drones to form a collective drone (c-drone) capable of transporting heavier items. The innovative concept is expected to add further flexibility in vehicle assignment decisions. An especially difficult challenge to address is the collaboration among drones because it requires temporal synchronization between their delivery tours. To better model the reality, we also consider that drone power consumption is a nonlinear function of both speed and parcel weight. We first develop a two-index mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation from which a simple branch and cut is developed to solve small-size instances to optimality. To efficiently handle larger problem instances, we propose a ruin-and-recreate metaheuristic with problem-tailored removal and insertion operators, in which an efficient move evaluation procedure based on the topological sort is designed to deal with the complexity of the synchronization constraints. Computational experiments demonstrate the validity of the developed MILP model and the performance of the proposed metaheuristic. Sensitivity analyses based on the classification and regression tree are performed to investigate the benefits of using c-drones and the important factors affecting the efficiency of the new transportation system.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Transportation Science and Logistics.
Penerapan model pembelajaran paired story telling untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa sekolah dasar
Authors: Brada Elssi , Ananda Rizki , Aprinawati Iis
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara dengan menggunakan model paired story telling pada siswa kelas IV SDN 011 Pulau Jambu. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 011 Pulau Jambu yang berjumlah 22 anak. Model penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian Hermawan. Tahapan siklus dalam penelitian ini menggunakan langkah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model paired story telling dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh perolehan hasil observasi pada siklus I dari 22 orang siswa, diketahui bahwa keterampilan berbicara siswa yang termasuk dalam kategori tuntas mencapai 16 siswa (72%). Hasil siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa kategori tuntas menjadi 18 siswa (81%).