bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ReCARving the future: bridging CAR T-cell therapy gaps with synthetic biology, engineering, and economic insights
Authors: Ali Alaa , DiPersio John F.
Published: September 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, offering remarkable remission rates in otherwise refractory conditions. However, its expansion into broader oncological applications faces significant hurdles, including limited efficacy in solid tumors, safety concerns related to toxicity, and logistical challenges in manufacturing and scalability. This review critically examines the latest advancements aimed at overcoming these obstacles, highlighting innovations in CAR T-cell engineering, novel antigen targeting strategies, and improvements in delivery and persistence within the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the development of allogeneic CAR T cells as off-the-shelf therapies, strategies to mitigate adverse effects, and the integration of CAR T cells with other therapeutic modalities. This comprehensive analysis underscores the synergistic potential of these strategies to enhance the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of CAR T-cell therapies, providing a forward-looking perspective on their evolutionary trajectory in cancer treatment.
Vaccine induced mucosal and systemic memory NK/ILCs elicit decreased risk of SIV/SHIV acquisition
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arif , Silva de Castro Isabela , Schifanella Luca , Bissa Massimiliano , Franchini Genoveffa
Published: September 2024

SIV and HIV-based envelope V1-deleted (ΔV1) vaccines, delivered systemically by the DNA/ALVAC/gp120 platform, decrease the risk of mucosal SIV or SHIV acquisition more effectively than V1-replete vaccines. Here we investigated the induction of mucosal and systemic memory-like NK cells as well as antigen-reactive ILC response by DNA/ALVAC/gp120-based vaccination and their role against SIV/SHIV infection. ΔV1 HIV vaccination elicited a higher level of mucosal TNF-α+ and CD107+ memory-like NK cells than V1-replete vaccination, suggesting immunogen dependence. Mucosal memory-like NK cells, systemic granzyme B+ memory NK cells, and vaccine-induced mucosal envelope antigen-reactive IL-17+ NKp44+ ILCs, IL-17+ ILC3s, and IL-13+ ILC2 subsets were linked to a lower risk of virus acquisition. Additionally, mucosal memory-like NK cells and mucosal env-reactive IFN-γ+ ILC1s and env- reactive IL-13+ ILC2 subsets correlated with viral load control. We further observed a positive correlation between post-vaccination systemic and mucosal memory-like NK cells, suggesting vaccination enhances the presence of these cells in both compartments. Mucosal and systemic memory-like NK cells positively correlated with V2-specific ADCC responses, a reproducible correlate of reduced risk of SIV/HIV infection. In contrast, an increased risk was associated with the level of mucosal PMA/Ionomycin-induced IFN-γ+ and CD107+ NKG2A-NKp44- ILCs. Plasma proteomic analyses demonstrated that suppression of mucosal memory-like NK cells was linked to the level of CCL-19, LT-α, TNFSF-12, and IL-15, suppression of systemic env-reactive granzyme B+ memory-like NK cells was associated with the level of OLR1, CCL-3, and OSM, and suppression of IL-17+ ILCs immunity was correlated with the level of IL-6 and CXCL-9. In contrast, FLT3 ligand was associated with promotion of protective mucosal env-reactive IL-17+ responses. These findings emphasize the importance of mucosal memory-like NK cell and envelope- reactive ILC responses for protection against mucosal SIV/SHIV acquisition.
TUBA1C orchestrates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Junyi , Chen Meixue , Tong Ming , Cao Qingfei
Published: September 2024

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) poses substantial treatment challenges, especially in advanced stages where the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy varies significantly. Elevated expression of the oncogene TUBA1C has been correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers, however, its role in ccRCC is unclear, especially concerning ICB resistance.

Methods

Single-cell analysis was used to examine gene expression variations in malignant cells post-ICB therapy. This included investigating TUBA1C expression across different ICB response groups and its relationship with CD274. A general module of action was identified through pan-cancer and pan-tissue analysis. TUBA1C expression and its association with clinical characteristics and prognosis was further validated. Multiple algorithms were employed to explore immune cell infiltration levels, and the DepMap database was utilized to assess gene dependency and mutation status in kidney cancer cell lines. The in silico knockout of TUBA1C was performed using deep learning model, complemented by immunohistochemical assays, clinical cohort and functional assays validations.

Results

TUBA1C expression is elevated in malignant cells following ICB therapy and is correlated with ICB resistance in ccRCC. High TUBA1C expression activates PI3K/AKT pathway and is associated with increased infiltration of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment in ccRCC. Patients with high TUBA1C expression exhibit a greater tumor mutation burden and increased genetic variation, which causes a worse prognosis. Additionally, TUBA1C dependency and its effects were evident in kidney cancer cell lines, where mutations conferred resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy. In silico knockout analyses indicated that treatment targeting TUBA1C shifted malignant cells to a state responsive to ICB therapy. Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and clinical cohort validation further confirmed that TUBA1C expression was upregulated and contributed to poorer outcome in ccRCC. Finaly, wound healing and CCK-8 assays demonstrated the potent oncogenic function of TUBA1C.

Conclusions

TUBA1C is a pivotal regulator in ccRCC, affecting both disease progression and the effectiveness of ICB therapy by fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, TUBA1C holds promise, both as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target, for enhancing responsiveness to ICB.
Safety and efficacy of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor in improving cardiac function and blood pressure in dialysis patients
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zhang Qiuyue , Dong Wen , Li Xin , Sun Yimiao , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2024

Background

The efficacy of the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan (SV) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been established. Two meta-analyses have demonstrated its significant role in enhancing ventricular remodeling. However, the effectiveness and safety of its use in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remain unclear.

Methods and results

Up to October 2023, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies involving ESRD patients treated with ARNI. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Effect sizes were reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included 10 studies, encompassing 649 patients. ARNI was associated with improvements in blood pressure and left ventricular (LV) function in ESRD patients, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD −12.76 mmHg; 95% CI, −18.03 to −7.5 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD −6.41 mmHg; 95% CI, −8.10 to −4.72 mmHg), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD, 4.61%; 95% CI, 1.78%−7.44%). Hemoglobin levels improved, but there were no significant statistical differences in other biomarkers for dialysis. Sacubitril/valsartan was generally well tolerated in ESRD patients. Improved indices of left ventricular function were noted at 6 months and were more pronounced at 12 months. A linear relationship between LVEF and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was observed, as indicated by a high correlation coefficient (r-value).

Conclusion

ARNI effectively reduces blood pressure and enhances left ventricular function in dialysis patients, with early treatment associated with greater benefits. ARNI also demonstrates a favorable safety profile in this population. Further prospective studies are required to fully understand the long-term efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in dialysis patients.
Using novel deep learning models for rapid and efficient assistance in monkeypox screening from skin images
Authors: Deng Jie , Liu Jingjie , Kong Chui , Zang Boyang , Hu Yue , Zou Meiyin
Published: September 2024

Monkeypox, a communicable disease instigated by the monkeypox virus, transmits through direct contact with infectious skin lesions or mucosal blisters, posing severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even fatality. Traditional clinical diagnostics, heavily reliant on the discerning judgment of clinical experts, are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, with inherent infection risks, underscoring the critical need for automated, efficient auxiliary diagnostic models. In response, we have developed a deep learning classification model augmented by self-attention mechanisms and feature pyramid integration, employing attentional strategies to amalgamate image features across varying scales and assimilating a priori knowledge from the VGG model to selectively capture salient features. Aiming to enhance task performance and model generalizability, we incorporated different components into the baseline model in a series of ablation studies, revealing the contribution of each component to overall model efficacy. In comparison with state-of-the-art deep learning models, our proposed model achieved the highest accuracy and precision, marking a 6% improvement over the second-best model. The results from ablation experiments corroborate the effectiveness of individual module components in enhancing model performance. Our method for diagnosing monkeypox demonstrates improved diagnostic precision and extends the reach of medical services in resource-constrained settings.
Case report: Uterine perforation caused by migration of intrauterine devices
Authors: Li Qi , Qi Desheng , Bi Tingting , Guo Xinyi , Chen Huan
Published: September 2024

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are often considered a form of contraception by women of reproductive age because of their reversible, effective, safe, and convenient nature. However, its complications include bleeding, infection, displacement, and uterine perforation. As most patients do not exhibit any obvious symptoms, they ignore their complications and are unaware of the necessity of regular evaluation. Therefore, they are unable to implement timely interventions for the complications that can result in serious consequences. Although, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has demonstrated greater sensitivity in detecting subtle IUD malposition issues, particularly with side-arm embedment. Computed tomography (CT) scanning followed by multi-planar reformatting, maximum intensity projection, and volume rendering can precisely and intuitively display the morphology and location of the IUD, accurately exhibit the anatomical relationship between the IUD and the pelvis, and allow for a more accurate assessment of the degree of perforation and presence and absence of bowel perforation, thereby enabling us to select a more suitable surgical procedure with less damage to the patient. In this study, we reported an asymptomatic case of uterine perforation of the IUD into the serosal layer of the bladder, which developed 6 years post-IUD placement. A preoperative 3D reconstruction was made using the CT images of the IUD; then, the IUD was successfully removed with the assistance of a hysteroscope and laparoscope.
Investigating the impact of long-term bristlegrass coverage on rhizosphere microbiota, soil metabolites, and carbon–nitrogen dynamics for pear agronomic traits in orchards
Authors: Shi Chunhui , Wang Xiaoqing , Jiang Shuang , Xu Jianfeng , Luo Jun
Published: September 2024

Background

Grass coverage (GC) under no-tillage systems in orchards signifcantly infuences underground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration, primarily through promoting mineral nutrient utilization by rhizospheric microorganisms. However, the comprehensive impact of GC on microbial communities and plant responses using soil metabolomics remains inadequately recognized.

Methods

We investigated two rhizosphere types established since 2002: bristlegrass (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.) coverage (SC) and clean cultivation (CC) to assess their efects on soil parameters, enzyme activities, and key pear agronomic traits, including yield (single fruit weight (SFW)) and qualities (soluble solids content (SSC), and total soluble sugar (TSS)). We combined microbiological analysis (16S rRNA sequencing) and non-targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS) to explore how microbial communities infuence fruit agronomic traits and soil nutrient dynamics in pear orchards under SC conditions.

Results

Our fndings indicate that SC signifcantly enhances soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), the C:N ratio, and available nitrogen (AN). Moreover, SC leads to pronounced increases in soil enzyme activities involved in the C cycle and storage, including soil sucrase, β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase and cellulase. Microbiome analysis revealed substantial diferences in microbial community composition and diversity indices between SC and CC rhizosphere soils within the 0–40 cm depth. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant alterations in metabolite profiles across both the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers under SC conditions. The identifed metabolites primarily involve sugar and amino acid-related metabolic pathways, refecting perturbations in C and N metabolism consistent with shifts in bacterial community structure. Several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) taxa (e.g., Haliangium, Bacteroides, mle1-7, Subgroup_22, Ellin6067, MND1, Flavobacterium, and Cellvibrio) were enriched under SC, associated with metabolites such as sucrose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid, rhamnose, UDP-GlcNAc and D-maltose. These fndings suggest their roles in promoting C and N sequestration processes through sucrose synthesis and glycolytic pathways in the soil, which was signifcantly correlated with the formation of agronomic traits such as fruit yield, SFW SSC and TSS (p<0.05), and SC treatments signifcantly increased yields by 35.40–62.72% and sucrose content in TSS by 2.43–3.96 times than CC treatments.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the efects of SC on soil microbial communities and plant physiology, enhancing our understanding of their implications for sustainable orchard management.
Association between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction in older adults: insights from the 2011–2014 NHANES data
Authors: Zhou Jianlong , Li Yadi , Zhu Lv , Yue Rensong
Published: September 2024

Background

As the population ages, the occurrence of cognitive decline and dementia is continuously increasing. Frailty is a prevalent problem among older adults. Epidemiologic studies have shown a comorbidity between frailty and cognitive impairment. However, their relationship remains unclear. The frailty index is an important indicator for measuring frailty. This study aims to investigate the relationship between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60 years and older in the United States from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older from 2011 to 2014 were extracted from the NHANES database. The frailty index was calculated using the formula: frailty index = total number of deficits present/total number of deficits measured. The Animal Fluency (AF), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR), and Word Learning (CERAD-WL) were used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. Firstly, weighted logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction. Secondly, the influence of covariates on the frailty index was evaluated by subgroup analysis and interaction. Finally, the non-linear relationship is discussed by using the restricted cubic spline regression model.

Results

Our study included a total of 2,574 patients, weighted logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for all covariates, showed that the frailty index was associated with every test score. The interaction showed that covariates had no significant effect on this association in AF. The association between the frailty index and AF in the restricted cubic spline regression model is non-linear. As the frailty index increased, the risk of AF reduction increased, suggesting a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusion

In general, a high frailty index appears to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. Consequently, protecting against cognitive decline necessitates making geriatric frailty prevention and treatment top priorities.
Benzo[a]pyrene exposure prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in the 4T1 model of mammary carcinoma
Authors: Gonzalez-Pons Romina , Bernard Jamie J.
Published: September 2024

Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. TNBC is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacking the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors, thereby rendering it insensitive to targeted therapies. It has been well-established that excess adiposity contributes to the progression of TNBC; however, due to the aggressive nature of this breast cancer subtype, it is imperative to determine how multiple factors can contribute to progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if exposure to an environmental carcinogen could impact a pre-existing obesity-promoted cancer. We utilized a spontaneous lung metastatic mouse model where 4T1 breast tumor cells are injected into the mammary gland of BALB/c mice. Feeding a high fat diet (HFD) in this model has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, we tested the effects of both a HFD and benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) exposure. Our results indicate that diet and B[a]P had no tumor promotional interaction. However, unexpectedly, our findings reveal an inhibitory effect of B[a]P on body weight, adipose tissue deposition, and tumor volume at time of sacrifice specifically under HFD conditions.
Case report: NUP98::LEDGF fusion gene drives malignant hematological tumor with mixed immunological phenotype
Authors: Xue Song , Chen Jia-qi , Wang Tong , Zhang Li-na , Chen Man , Sun Hui-peng , Cao Xing-yu
Published: September 2024

This is the first report of NUP98::LEDGF positive malignant hematological tumor expressing T cell and myeloid lineage antigens. Patients carrying this fusion gene have a high relapse rate and a poor prognosis, allo-HSCT may be an option to cure this disease. This patient underwent allo-HSCT, a relapse occurred three months post-transplantation. Subsequent screening at our hospital confirmed the presence of the NUP98::LEDGF fusion gene, salvage therapy was administered, followed by a successful second allo-HSCT. Furthermore, we included eight previously reported cases from the literature for analysis and discuss.
Significance of maximum intensity projection technique of multimodal ultrasound imaging in differentiating follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Yutong , Wu Qiong , Li Yi , Zheng Yuanyi , Wang Yan
Published: September 2024

Objective

Preoperative diagnosis for follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore the maximum intensity projection (MIP) features, which can be utilized for reconstructing and characterizing the structure of microvascular in tissue, associated with FTC, and to explore the independent risk factors for FTC in combination with multimodal ultrasonography and blood indicators.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, single-blind, observational study included patients with suspected follicular thyroid carcinoma based on preoperative ultrasonography findings. All patients underwent routine ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and correlated blood indexes tests. Offline MIP reconstruction of the CEUS images was performed. The tumor was histologically diagnosed postoperatively. Multivariable logistics regression was utilized for analyzing MIP characteristics combined with multimodal ultrasonography and preoperative blood indicators to identify independent risk factors for FTC.

Results

In this study, 61 thyroid nodules were finally included according to the atretic criteria. (1) Compared with traditional color profile ultrasonography and CEUS, MIP technology can provide more information regarding microvascular characteristics inside thyroid tumors. The short, rod-like, crossed, curved and firework-like features of MIP images revealed statistically significant differences between the benign and malignant groups. (2) Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the firework-like MIP characteristics of microvascular, thyroglobulin (Tg) level and vessel intensity (VI) value were independent risk factors for malignancy.

Conclusion

(1) MIP technology has potential applications in the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions. (2) Firework MIP microvascular characteristics, Tg values and VI values can serve as parameters for the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions. This study provides a novel approach idea for preoperative multimodal differentiation of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions.
Effects of modified sediments on the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans under low light conditions
Authors: Xiong Wenhao , Ma Xiaowen , Xie Yonghong , Zeng Wenwen
Published: September 2024

Submerged plants are an important part of aquatic ecosystems, and the restoration of submerged plants is a key step in the reconstruction of aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of modified sediments in helping submerged plants recover under low light. In this study, we set up four sediment types and two light intensities to explore the effects of modified sediments on the growth of Vallisneria natans under two low light conditions. The results showed that the independent and interactive effects of light intensity and sediment type significantly affected the biomass, morphology, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity of V. natans. At 5% and 20% natural light intensity, the sediment modified with 40% peat soil had a larger root biomass and the highest leaf and root C/N ratio, the sediment modified with 40% vermiculite had a longer root length and more ramets. At 5% natural light intensity, the sediments modified with fly ash had shorter root length and smaller leaf biomass. The sediments modified with fly ash had the greatest chlorophyll content at 20% natural light intensity. It can be concluded that the addition of 40% peat soil or 40% vermiculite in sediment is conducive to the growth of V. natans under low light conditions. Our study indicates the positive effects of the modified sediment on the growth of V. natans under low light conditions, and our study will provide a reference for the restoration of submerged plants in aquatic ecosystems.
Civilian protective agency in the communal attacks by the external groups in Kazakhstan
Authors: Imyarova Zulfiya , Tutumlu Assel
Published: September 2024

The variables, such as structural inequalities, demographic differences, and law enforcement policies at the local level have been crucial for understanding the possibilities of the communal violence on the ground. However, less attention has been paid to the analysis of the civilian protective agency in non-democratic contexts during the attacks by the external groups on rural ethnic minorities. We ask what factors have contributed to different outcomes in two contiguous villages in Kazakhstan that faced attacks by the external armed groups. We show that one village fended the violence off, while the neighboring villages failed. Based on the narrative interviews with the witnesses of violence, lawyers, perpetrators, government officials, police, and residents, the article emphasizes that the resistance was successful because 1. The youth groups with access to multiple stakeholders stepped into leading roles. They obtained real-time information and organized the community in line with it; 2. They capitalized on the time lapse necessary for thugs to reach the second village and strengthened defense preparation in comparison with the first settlement. Future investigations of Conflict Management and Peace Studies in non-democratic contexts must take these factors into consideration.
Age differences in the influence of self-esteem and emotional regulation on memory
Authors: Doron Yaffa , Anaki David
Published: September 2024

Emotion regulation (ER) comprises the processes that recognize, monitor, evaluate, and modify emotional reactions. Although ER refers to events that stem from internal or external situations, few studies have examined the effect of intrinsic emotional states on ER processes deployed on external stimuli. The present research investigated, in old- vs. young adults, the influence of state self-esteem (internal condition) in employing ER strategies while implicitly memorizing negative-valence pictures (external condition). State self-esteem was manipulated by giving random feedback (positive/negative) to a demanding cognitive task. Participants then saw 20 photographs and were asked to reappraise half of them and distract themselves from the other half. They were given a recognition task following a short delay with 20 old photographs and 20 new ones. Results indicated that young people with high self-esteem remembered the reappraised pictures better than the distracted ones. In the low self-esteem state, young adults remembered the distracted photographs better than the reappraised ones. In contrast, in old adults low self-esteem resulted in better recognition than high self-esteem, regardless of the regulation strategy. Thus, only among young participants did emotion regulation strategies moderate the effect of self-esteem on memory for negative emotional images. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between different ER strategies and their relative importance across various stages of life.
How social support influences learned helplessness in lung cancer patients: the chain mediation role of individual resilience and self-efficacy
Authors: Huang Jingui , Shi Yumei , Chen Yuemei , Tang Ling , Zhang Zhaoli
Published: September 2024

Background

Social support, which is a crucial external resource for cancer patients, was demonstrated to be a positive predictor of learned helplessness (LH). But it is far from clear whether and how social support decreases the LH in cancer patients. The purpose of present study is to detect the association between social support and LH and the role of individual resilience and self-efficacy in mediating this relationship.

Methods

The convenience sampling method was utilized. From August 2022 to February 2024, a total of 537 lung cancer patients (Mage = 60.25 years, SDage = 9.85 years) from five tertiary hospitals in one municipalities (Chongqing), and two provinces (Sichuan and Yunnan) were recruited, among which 389 were males and 148 were females. LH, social support, individual resilience, and self-efficacy were assessed by using standard scales. A structural equation model was constructed employing AMOS 23.0 to examine the interrelationships among social support, individual resilience, self-efficacy, and LH of lung cancer patients.

Results

A total of 537 lung cancer patients were finally included. Social support, individual resilience, and self-efficacy were positively related to LH (r = −0.299 to −0.451, p < 0.01). The mediation model revealed that the direct effect of social support on LH was significant (β = −0.407, p < 0.001). Besides, social support could also affect LH through three pathways: (1) the mediating effect of individual resilience (β = −0.075, p < 0.001); (2) the mediating effect of self-efficacy (β = −0.060, p < 0.05); (3) the chain mediating effect of individual resilience and self-efficacy (β = −0.011, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that social support alleviates lung cancer patients’ LH, and that individual resilience and self-efficacy mediate the correlation between social support and LH. Besides providing adequate social support, intervention strategies built on individual resilience and self-efficacy should be applied to reduce LH in lung cancer patients.
A multidimensional framework for understanding problematic use of short video platforms: the role of individual, social-environmental, and platform factors
Authors: Xiong Sihan , Chen Jing , Yao Nisha
Published: September 2024

Short video platforms have rapidly become a prominent form of social media, but their problematic use is increasingly concerning. This review synthesizes existing research to propose a comprehensive framework that integrates individual, social-environmental, and platform-related factors contributing to this issue. Individual factors are categorized into distal (e.g., personality, psychopathology) and proximal (e.g., usage expectations, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses during use) categories, with distal factors often shaping proximal ones, which more directly influence usage behaviors. Social-environmental factors, such as family dynamics and peer interactions, along with platform-related features, also significantly impact the likelihood of problematic use. Beyond their direct effects, our framework emphasizes the importance of examining the combined effects of these factors, particularly through mediation and moderation processes. Mediation processes reveal how distal individual factors influence problematic use by shaping more immediate, proximal factors. Similarly, social-environmental influences and platform features may affect problematic use by modifying individual factors. Moderation processes further illustrate how individual characteristics or social-environmental factors may alter the strength of these relationships. Understanding these complex, multidimensional relationships is essential for developing effective interventions to mitigate the risks associated with problematic short video platforms use. Future research should explore these processes in greater depth.
The global burden of maternal disorders attributable to iron deficiency related sub-disorders in 204 countries and territories: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Wu Nuer , Ye Erdengqieqieke , Ba Yulan , Caikai Shareli , Ba Bayinsilema , Li Ling , Zhu Qiying
Published: September 2024

Background

Pregnancy-related anemia presents a significant health concern for approximately 500 million women of reproductive age worldwide. To better prevent maternal disorders, it is essential to understand the impact of iron deficiency across different maternal disorders, regions, age groups, and subcategories.

Methods

Based on the comprehensive maternal disorders data sourced from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, an investigation was carried out focusing on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with iron deficiency spanning the period from 1990 to 2019. In addition, Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) were computed for the duration of the study.

Results

Our study indicates decreasing mortality rates and years of life lost due to maternal conditions related to iron deficiency, such as maternal hemorrhage, miscarriage, abortion, hypertensive disorders, and infections. However, mortality rates and years of life lost due to indirect and late maternal deaths, as well as deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS, have increased in high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, especially in North America. Moreover, the proportion of maternal deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS due to iron deficiency is rising globally, especially in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, and Georgia. In addition, in the Maldives, the age-standardized DALYs for maternal disorders attributable to iron deficiency exhibited a notable decreasing trend, encompassing a range of conditions. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in Disability-Adjusted Life Years rate for miscarriages and preterm births among women aged 15–49, with hypertensive disorders posing the highest burden among women aged 15–39.

Conclusion

The burden of maternal disorders caused by iron deficiency is decreasing in most regions and subtypes, except for deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS. By thoroughly understanding the details of how iron deficiency impacts the health of pregnant women, health policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers can more effectively pinpoint and address the root causes of inequalities in maternal health.
Addressing pollution challenges for enterprises under diverse extreme climate conditions: artificial intelligence-driven experience and policy support of top Chinese enterprises
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Guan Xin , Zeng Yanzhao , Zhang Jiali , Chen Xiaodie , Zhan Xi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study investigates the experiences of leading Chinese companies in environmental conservation under varying extreme climate conditions, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and governmental assistance.

Methods

A survey was conducted involving 200 participants to assess recognition and endorsement of AI’s role in environmental protection and to explore the adoption of AI technologies by firms for enhancing environmental management practices.

Results

The survey revealed widespread recognition of Tencent’s green initiatives and strong support for AI’s role in environmental protection. Many firms are considering adopting AI technologies to optimize energy management, deploy intelligent HVAC systems, and improve the operations of data centers and smart lighting systems.

Discussion

The findings highlight a strong belief in AI’s potential to advance environmental protection efforts, with a call for increased governmental support to foster this development. The study underscores the importance of a partnership between businesses and governments to leverage AI for environmental sustainability, contributing significantly to conservation efforts.
Why Does Food Taste Flavorless When You Have a Cold?
Authors: Meissner-Bernard Claire , Fleischmann Alexander
Published: September 2024

You probably have a favorite ice cream flavor, but do you really know how you perceive it? In this article, you will see that flavor is the result of your brain integrating information from several sensory systems. Your tongue gives you information about the taste of food. But your sense of smell also plays an important role when you breathe air out while eating. Yes, when you breathe out, not in! This knowledge will help you to understand why food lacks flavor when you are sick and your nose is stuffy or runny.
Construction of Knowledge Graph for Air Compressor Fault Diagnosis Based on a Feature-Fusion RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF Model
Authors: Xiao Xiaqiu , Sheng Buyun , Fu Gaocai , Lu Yingkang
Published: September 2024

Diagnosing complex air compressor systems with traditional data-driven deep learning models often results in isolated fault diagnosis, ignoring correlations between concurrent faults. This paper introduces a knowledge graph construction approach for the air compressor fault diagnosis field, using after-sales business data as the source. We propose a model based on Robustly Optimized Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (RoBERTa), specifically tailored for constructing a knowledge graph for air compressor fault diagnosis. By integrating Whole Word Masking (WWM) technology, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), our approach effectively extracts specific entities from unstructured data. On our dataset, the model achieved an average accuracy of 0.7962 and an F1 score of 0.7956, demonstrating notable improvements in both accuracy and recall for entity recognition tasks. The extracted entities were subsequently stored in a Neo4j graph database, facilitating the construction of a domain-specific knowledge graph for air compressor fault diagnosis.
Structural Analysis and Experimental Tests of a Morphing-Flap Scaled Model
Authors: Sicim Demirci Mürüvvet Sinem , Pecora Rosario , Chianese Luca , Viscardi Massimo , Kaya Metin Orhan
Published: September 2024

The implementation of morphing wing mechanisms shows significant potential for improving aircraft performance, as highlighted in the recent literature. The Clean Sky 2 AirGreen 2 European project team is currently performing ground and wind tunnel tests to validate improvements in morphing wing structures. The project aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of these morphing designs on a full-scale flying prototype. This article describes the design methodology and structural testing of a scaled morphing-flap structure, which can adapt to three different morphing modes for various flight conditions: low-speed (take-off and landing) and high-speed (cruise). A scale factor of 1:3 was selected for the wind tunnel test campaign. Due to challenges in scaling the embedded mechanisms and actuators necessary for shape-changing, a full geometrical scale of the real flap prototype was not feasible. Static analyses were performed using the finite element method to address critical load conditions determined through three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. The finite element (FE) analysis was conducted and the results were compared with the empirical data from the structural test. Good correlations were found between the structural testing results and numerical predictions, including static deflections and elastic deformations under applied loads. This indicates that the modeling approaches used during the design and testing phases were highly successful. Based on simulations for the ultimate load conditions tested during the wind tunnel tests, the scaled flap prototype has been deemed suitable for further testing.
Tibetan Butter and Indian Ghee: A Review on Their Production and Adulteration
Authors: Chi Fumin , Tan Zhankun , Wang Qianwei , Yang Lin , Gu Xuedong
Published: September 2024

Tibetan butter and Indian ghee are both fat products derived from cow’s milk or other dairy products that are rich in nutrients. Although both Tibetan butter and Indian ghee are primarily produced by filtering, heating, separating, cooling, and molding, there are differences in their production processes. Tibetan butter is produced in a process similar to that of butter, while Indian ghee is clarified butter obtained by further extraction based on the obtained butter. Both types of ghee are susceptible to adulteration; Indian ghee is primarily adulterated with vegetable oils, animal fats, and other fats or non-fats, while Tibetan butter is typically adulterated with animal body fat and non-fats, including mashed potatoes. There are numerous research reports on the detection techniques for adulteration in Indian ghee, while there are very few reports on the detection technology for adulteration of Tibetan butter. Studies have shown that techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electronic nose (E-nose), either individually or in combination, are efficient in distinguishing adulterated Indian ghee. These findings could serve as a reference for the detection of adulteration in Tibetan butter in the future.
Effects of Terracing on Soil Aggregate Stability and Erodibility in Sloped Farmland in Black Soil (Mollisols) Region of China
Authors: Wang Guibin , Zhang Zhi , Henderson Mark , Chen Mingyang , Dou Zeyu , Zhou Wanying , Huang Weiwei , Liu Binhui
Published: September 2024

Soil aggregates are important indicators of soil structure stability and quality. The black soil region of northeast China, known for its high agricultural productivity, faces significant challenges due to soil erosion. This study investigates the impact of terracing on the stability and erodibility characteristics of soil aggregates in sloped farmlands, which is crucial for this important agricultural area. Three research sites with the same basic management modes were selected along a latitudinal gradient, from the mid-temperate zone to the cold temperate zone, in the black soil region of northeast China. The Savinov method was used to analyze the differences in soil aggregate size distribution, stability characteristics, and soil erodibility between terraced and non-terraced slopes at each research site. The results showed that terracing increased the content of large soil aggregates (>0.25 mm) by 5.38–6.35%, with the increase becoming more pronounced from north to south. The improvement in soil structure varied by location and slope position, with the most significant improvement at the middle slope position. Terracing enhanced soil aggregate stability, reduced soil erodibility, and improved soil structure by increasing clay and soil organic matter (SOM) content and reducing soil bulk density (BD), promoting the conversion of small aggregates to large aggregates. Soil stability indicators such as water-stable aggregates (WSAs), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) were dominated by aggregates > 5 mm, while erodibility indicators such as fractal dimensions (Ds) and the soil erodibility factor (K values) were mainly influenced by aggregates < 0.25 mm. Terraces can improve the soil structure and stability of sloping farmland by increasing the content of large soil aggregates and enhancing overall soil quality. The benefits of these improvements increase with latitude. These findings provide critical insights for determining effective management practices for sloped farmlands in the black soil region under various site conditions. They offer scientific evidence for preventing soil erosion and improving soil quality, thus supporting the sustainable development strategy for protecting black soil and ensuring long-term agricultural productivity.
Hesperidin Helps Improve the Intestinal Structure, Maintain Barrier Function, and Reduce Inflammation in Yellow-Feathered Broilers Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: He Shaoping , Bian Guozhi , Guo Yuming , Guo Jiyu
Published: September 2024

To investigate the possible protective effect of hesperidin on intestinal damage caused by high-temperature heat stress in yellow-feathered broilers, 960 broilers aged 21 days were randomly divided into four groups: HT, HT300, HT450, and HT600, with each group receiving different amounts of hesperidin supplementation (0, 300, 450, and 600 mg/kg). The dietary supplementation of hesperidin could mitigate the elevation of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) levels in serum from yellow-feathered broilers induced by heat stress. The supplementation of 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of hesperidin reduced crypt depth and increased the V/C ratio in the small intestine compared to the HT group. The dietary supplementation of hesperidin decreased endotoxin and D-lactic acid levels in the blood, and dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of hesperidin increased the expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 mRNA in the jejunum compared with the HT group. Furthermore, the dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of hesperidin decreased serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels. In comparison, supplementation with 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of hesperidin decreased serum TNF-α levels in yellow-feathered broilers compared to the HT group. Moreover, the dietary supplementation of hesperidin decreased NF-κB mRNA levels. Overall, these data suggest that dietary supplementation with hesperidin potentially improves intestinal injury caused by heat stress in yellow-feathered broilers.
The Abscisic Acid Receptor Gene StPYL8-like from Solanum tuberosum Confers Tolerance to Drought Stress in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Yao Panfeng , Zhang Chunli , Sun Chao , Liu Yuhui , Liu Zhen , Wei Jia , Su Xinglong , Bai Jiangping , Cui Junmei , Bi Zhenzhen
Published: September 2024

Pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYL) proteins are abscisic acid (ABA) receptors that play a crucial role in the plant’s response to adverse environmental conditions. However, as of yet, there is limited research on the role of PYL proteins in potato. In this study, a potato PYL gene, StPYL8-like, was identified through transcriptome analysis under drought stress. Molecular characterization revealed that the StPYL8-like protein possesses a highly conserved PYL family domain. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated that StPYL8-like protein clusters with various PYL proteins are involved in stress responses across different species. Functional assays showed that StPYL8-like robustly responds to different abiotic stresses, including drought and ABA treatment. Furthermore, the transient and stable expressions of StPYL8-like in tobacco enhanced their drought resistance, leading to increased plant height, leaf number, and fresh weight, as well as an improved root system. Transgenic tobacco carrying the StPYL8-like gene exhibited lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions. Moreover, StPYL8-like upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes (NtRD29A, NtLEA5, NtP5CS, NtPOD, NtSOD, and NtCAT) in transgenic plants subjected to drought stress. Collectively, these findings highlight the positive regulatory role of the StPYL8-like gene in enhancing potato plants’ response to drought stress.
A Study on the Conductivity and Infrared Spectroscopy of Elastic Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Tsai Teh-Hua , Chang Pi-Pai
Published: September 2024

Elastic polymer composite materials possess physical properties such as softness, durability, and heat preservation, making them suitable for designing flexible, snug, and highly ductile devices. While polymers are generally electrical insulators, they can become electrically conductive when doped with carbon powder. Carbon can strongly interact with polymers, enabling the composites to exhibit electrical conductivity through this adsorption process. By heating and melting the polymer and incorporating thin but heavily concentrated carbon powder, these composites can achieve electrical properties similar to those of conductors or semiconductors. This study examines the adsorption and electrical properties of elastic polymer composite materials, focusing on aspects such as resistance temperature characteristics and conductivity. The results indicate that electrically conductive elastic polymers have potential applications in electrothermal devices, thermostatic control systems, sensors, and variable resistors. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to analyze the material’s structure for further research.
Some Properties and Algorithms for Twin Primes
Authors: Iovane Gerardo , Di Gironimo Patrizia , Benedetto Elmo , D’Alfonso Vittorio
Published: September 2024

In this article, we study some new properties of twin primes and algorithms for their generation. We find the necessary conditions to generate a pair of twins. These conditions seem to indicate that the conjecture is true, namely, there are infinitely many twin primes. Furthermore, we developed some algorithms that are very useful from a computer science point of view, which can be applied in cryptography and data encryption.