bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Gaseous and Particulate Chemical Characterization using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Dual-Phase-EESI-TOF)
Authors: Lee Chuan Ping , Surdu Mihnea , Bell David M. , Dommen Josef , Xiao Mao , Zhou Xueqin , Baccarini Andrea , Giannoukos Stamatios , Wehrle Günther , Schneider Pascal André , Prevot Andre S. H. , Slowik Jay G. , Lamkaddam Houssni , Wang Dongyu , Baltensperger Urs , El Haddad Imad
Published: October 2021

Abstract. To elucidate the sources and chemical reaction pathways of organic vapors and particulate matter in the ambient atmosphere, real-time detection of both gas and particle phase is needed. State-of-the-art techniques often suffer from thermal decomposition, ionization-induced fragmentation, high cut-off size of aerosols or low time resolution. In response to all these limitations, we developed a new technique that uses extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) for online gas and particle chemical speciation, namely the dual-phase extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Dual-Phase-EESI-TOF or Dual-EESI in short). The Dual-EESI was designed and optimized to measure gas- and particle-phase species with saturation vapor concentrations spanning more than 10 orders of magnitude with good linearity and a measurement cycle as fast as 3 min. The gas-phase selectivity of the Dual-EESI was compared with that of nitrate chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed organic aerosol uptake experiments to characterize the relative gas and particle response factors. In general, the Dual-EESI is more sensitive toward gas-phase analytes as compared to their particle-phase counterparts. The real-time measurement capability of the Dual-EESI for chemically speciated gas- and particle-phase measurements can provide new insights into aerosol sources or formation mechanisms, where gas-particle partitioning behavior can be determined after absolute parameterization of the gas/particle sensitivity.
Pameterization of the responses of subarctic European vegetation to key environmental variables for ozone risk assessment
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Vollsnes Ane V. , Eriksen Aud B. , Emberson Lisa , O'Neill Connie , Stordal Frode , Koren Berntsen Terje
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The unique vegetation of the subarctic region acclimatized to extremes of cold and midnight sun are likely to be at threat from the combined impacts of climate change and increasing ozone concentrations [O3]. The atmospheric and climatic characteristics of the subarctic are known to lead to pronounced peak [O3] in spring. To date, only a few studies assessed the response of subarctic vegetation to variations in climate and air pollution. This study looks to fill this knowledge gap by examining essential climate variables, in particular ozone, over the past few decades. We evaluate the extent to which two recent years (2018 and 2019) deviate from climatic and [O3] norms and how these potentially more frequent future deviations may influence ozone damage to subarctic vegetation. We find that 2018 was an anomalously warm and bright year, particularly in spring and early summer. Higher than average [O3] was observed in April/May while frequent episodes of ozone volume mixing ratios (VMRs) above 40 ppb occurred in June–August. These episodes are in part attributable to forest fires in the Northern Hemisphere and warmer and sunnier conditions. We apply the integrated flux-metric Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (POD) to determine ozone risk and damage to vegetation as a function of [O3], environmental factors, and species-specific physiology. Our study suggests that using generic parameterizations in assessments likely leads to underestimating the risk of ozone damage in this region. We find that bespoke parameterizations of plant functional types (PFTs) for subarctic vegetation bio-types result in an ozone-induced biomass loss of 2.5 to 17.4 %. For some species, this loss is up to 6 % larger than projected from generic parameterizations. Efforts should be targeted towards accurately defining subarctic vegetations' physiological response to essential climate variables. Our method could help to improve regional and global scale biogeochemical cycling under current and future climates.
The Simplified Chemistry-Dynamical Model (SCDM V1.0)
Authors: Hong Hao-Jhe , Reichler Thomas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Recent observational and modeling studies show that
variations of stratospheric ozone and the resulting interaction between
ozone and the stratospheric circulation play an important role in surface
weather and climate. However, in many cases, computationally expensive
coupled chemistry models have been used to study these effects. Here, we
demonstrate how a much simpler idealized general circulation model (GCM) can
be used for studying the impact of interactive stratospheric ozone on the
circulation. The model, named Simplified Chemistry-Dynamical Model (SCDM
V1.0), is constructed from a preexisting idealized GCM, into which a
simplified linear ozone scheme and a parameterization for the shortwave
radiative effects of ozone are implemented. The distribution and variability
of stratospheric ozone simulated by the new model are in good agreement with
the MERRA2 reanalysis, even for extreme circulation events such as Arctic
stratospheric sudden warmings. The model thus represents a promising new
tool for the study of ozone–circulation interaction in the stratosphere and
its associated effects on tropospheric weather and climate.
Formas de sociabilidad y representaciones sobre las juventudes en Argentina a comienzos del siglo XX. El modelo de la Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes en Buenos Aires
Authors: Carreño Luciana
Published: October 2021

El artículo estudia la circulación de modelos de sociabilidad y representaciones sobre las juventudes en Argentina a través del análisis de la Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Tras su organización, esta asociación de origen angloamericano buscó extender su convocatoria, orientada originalmente al elemento estudiantil universitario, hacia los sectores populares. Desde esa proyección, sus actividades contribuyeron a colocar a las juventudes dentro de la agenda pública. Las representaciones sobre las juventudes, configuradas de acuerdo con distintos estereotipos de masculinidad, se analizaron a través de un entremado que incluye la circulación trasnacional de saberes, las apropiaciones por parte de grupos de intelectuales en el marco local y del contraste con las identidades de quienes portaban o resistieron esas representaciones.
Soviet prisoner of war camps in the territory of the Georgian SSR (1945-1954)
Authors: Luarsabishvili Vladimer
Published: October 2021

This article uses archival materials kept in the Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia. One of its main fonds is composed by former Soviet State Security (KGB) archive of the Georgian SSR. The materials used here describe in details the legislative base, POW-builders (facilities and scale), the exploitation of the POW workforce in agriculture, housing conditions of POWs as well as their physical conditions, and generate general conclusions regarding the conditions and functioning of the POW camps, revealing its role in the USSR economy and the assessment of the Soviet bureaucratic apparatus.
Escrig Rosa, Josep: Contrarrevolución y antiliberalismo en la independencia de México (1810-1823). Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza / El Colegio de Michoacán, 2021. 500 pp.
Authors: San Narciso David
Published: October 2021

Reseña de la obra de  Escrig Rosa, Josep: Contrarrevolución y antiliberalismo en la independencia de México (1810-1823). Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza / El Colegio de Michoacán, 2021. 500 pp.
Etura, Dunia: De esposas a ciudadanas. Las mujeres en Informe Semanal durante la transición democrática (1973-1978). Madrid, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2020, 462 pp.
Authors: Gómez Cuesta Cristina
Published: October 2021

Reseña de la obra de Etura, Dunia: De esposas a ciudadanas. Las mujeres en Informe Semanal durante la transición democrática (1973-1978). Madrid, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2020, 462 pp.
Fernández Redondo, Iñaki: El fascismo vasco y la construcción del régimen franquista. Valencia, Universitat de València, 2021. 257 pp.
Authors: Larrinaga Rodríguez Carlos
Published: October 2021

Reseña de la obra de Fernández Redondo, Iñaki: El fascismo vasco y la construcción del régimen franquista. Valencia, Universitat de València, 2021. 257 pp.
Leira, Castiñeira, Francisco J.: Soldados de Franco. Reclutamiento forzoso, experiencia de guerra y desmovilización militar. Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2020, 347 pp.
Authors: Llona Miren
Published: October 2021

Reseña de la obra de Leira, Castiñeira, Francisco J.: Soldados de Franco. Reclutamiento forzoso, experiencia de guerra y desmovilización militar. Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2020, 347 pp.
ATA DA 29ª SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA
Authors: Aboudib Jr. JH
Published: October 2021

ATA DA 29ª SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA, RELATIVA AO 192º ANO ACADÊMICO, REALIZADA NO DIA 30/09/2021, QUINTA-FEIRA, ÀS 18 HORAS, NA PLATAFORMA DE REUNIÕES ONLINE ZOOM MEETINGS. Presidente: Acad. Rubens Belfort Mattos Jr. Secretário-Geral: Acad. Carlos Eduardo Brandão Mello
Fenômeno de Will Rogers: O Que Todo Médico Deve Saber
Authors: Mota JM , Hoff PM
Published: October 2021

William Penn Adair Rogers, ou simplesmente Will Rogers, foi um showman norte-americano que viveu entre 1879 e 1935. Nos dias de hoje, seu nome é pouco conhecido, mas Will Rogers foi muito famoso em seu tempo. Sua morte prematura após um trágico acidente aéreo rendeulhe várias homenagens e memoriais em solo americano. Curiosamente, chegou a morar nos pampas argentinos durante sua juventude, seguindo o estilo de vida e de trabalho gaúcho por um breve período.
ATA DA 27ª SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA
Authors: Aboudib Jr. JH
Published: October 2021

ATA DA 27ª SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA, RELATIVA AO 192º ANO ACADÊMICO, REALIZADA NO DIA 16/09/2021, QUINTA FEIRA, ÀS 18 HORAS, NA PLATAFORMA DE REUNIÕES ONLINE ZOOM MEETINGS. Presidente: Acad. Rubens Belfort Mattos Jr. Secretário-Geral: Acad. Carlos Eduardo Brandão Mello
Modo de vida y poblamiento originario del bosque durante el holoceno en la cuenca del Río Aysén (Chile)
Authors: Kémel Esteban Sade Martínez
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta tesis de doctorado es identificar y caracterizar desde la Arqueología Social Latinoamericana los modos de vida o vías particulares de ocupación humana de la cuenca del río Aysén, durante el Holoceno. Conocer si el poblamiento humano se llevó a cabo por modos de vida insertos en el bosque o fueron condiciones ambientales especiales que acabaron con la cubierta forestal las que convinieron estos asentamientos. Se plantea que los factores naturales y el impacto humano sobre el paisaje, especialmente en los últimos siglos han condicionado poderosamente el registro arqueológico y que solo en consideración de estos sesgos, es posible comprender la naturaleza y representatividad de la muestra para la realización de las inferencias. Junto al estudio del registro arqueológico del área, se identifican aquellos elementos que reflejan las particulares condiciones del medio natural, que permiten inferir hasta qué punto el modo de vida en el bosque, está caracterizado por el desarrollo de técnicas para el aprovechamiento de recursos locales y si en algo se distancia de los sistemas característicos del ámbito patagónico estepárico y continental. El registro arqueológico se compone principalmente de material lítico, pinturas rupestres y otros artefactos y proxys, producto de prospecciones, excavaciones, muestreos ambientales y análisis de materiales, cuyos resultados se han ido presentando parcialmente durante el desarrollo del doctorado y por primera vez en esta tesis de arqueología. Con base en ellos, se identifican cinco desarrollos históricos que dan origen a los modos de vida de la Cuenca del Río Aysén. Los cursos superiores presentan la mayor parte del poblamiento humano, y abarca desde el Pleistoceno Final hasta tiempos históricos. El curso medio fue habitado durante el Holoceno Tardío, mientras que el curso bajo sólo previo a tiempos de contacto y desde el mar.
Orphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout when growing in cages on the Ust-kamenogorsk reservoir
Authors: Medvedev I.S. , Abisheva Z.V. , Kabdolov Z.R.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a qualitative assessment of morphophysiological features (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) during garden cultivation in apparently healthy fish. Two-year-old body weight averaged 1079.6 ±9.8 g, and three years 1721.2±13.5 g. the Fulton fat norm for trout increased with age from an average of 1.53 to 1.68. the fat Content of Prozorovskaya ml was 4-5 points. It was found that the indices of internal organs of trout have higher values in three-year-olds. The hepatosomatic index on average does not exceed 1.5% of the fish mass, and the content of intracavitary fat increases from two to three years by 11.6%. Plastic characteristics of rainbow trout grown in cages in various natural and climatic regions (Kaliningrad region and East Kazakhstan region) are compared. It was found that the physiological indices correspond to the standard values. Studies have shown that pathological deviations from the standard level of a number of diagnostic signs for rainbow trout during cage cultivation are as follows: a decrease in the heart index below 0.3 and a change in the structure of tissues (the appearance of granular formations), a high degree of fat content of 4-5 points. Guidelines for determining biotechnological approaches for growing in cages on the Ust-Kamenogorsk reservoir should be considered: the heart index is higher than 0.3, the liver index is higher than 2.5%, the spleen index is higher than 0.35%, the degree of fat content is 2-3 points. The use of the obtained data is recommended for determining the quality of fish grown in cage conditions.
Dekada nowej ekonomii strukturalnej: czym była i co z niej zostało?
Authors: Rogoda Adam
Published: October 2021

Artykuł zawiera analizę wewnętrznej spójności nowej ekonomii strukturalnej (NSE), koncepcji polityki wzrostu gospodarczego sformułowanej przez chińskiego ekonomistę Justina Y. Lina, oraz jej zdolności do tłumaczenia gospodarczych sukcesów i porażek krajów rozwijających się. Po dekadach hegemonii konsensusu waszyngtońskiego NSE, opowiadając się za selektywną polityką przemysłową, stwarzała wrażenie paradygmatycznej zmiany w badaniach nad rozwojem. Jednak analiza tej koncepcji ujawnia istotne mankamenty. NSE to niewiele więcej niż zestaw reguł polityki wzrostu wraz z bardzo ogólną i dyskusyjną wizją procesów rozwoju gospodarczego, na które składają się arbitralnie dobrane elementy ekonomii neoklasycznej. Autor nie proponuje żadnej metodologii oraz terminologii, które mogłyby otworzyć nowe pola badawcze lub znacząco pogłębić dotychczasowy stan wiedzy. Odświeża jedynie stare dychotomiczne ujęcia promocji eksportu i substytucji importu. Podkreśla, że państwo jest niezbędne w procesach rozwoju, ale nie przedstawia żadnych nowych argumentów na rzecz interwencjonizmu. Wbrew popularnym poglądom, koncepcja ta nie tłumaczy należycie gospodarczych sukcesów krajów Azji Wschodniej (Japonia, Korea Płd., Tajwan). Dobór wykorzystanej literatury jest tendencyjny i dopasowany do z góry przyjętej tezy. NSE trudno uznać za „trzecią falę myśli rozwojowej”, a przymiotnik „nowa” wydaje się służyć jedynie celom marketingowo-retorycznym. W artykule posłużono się metodami analizy treści, metodą porównawczą oraz metodą analizy logicznej.
FUTURE OF US DOLLAR IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Mobashir Naeem Siddiqui, Dr. Rani Erum
Published: October 2021

International Monitory System during the Cold War shifted from gold standard to US dollar. Since then global economy depends not only on USA but also its designed financial system. White House controlled the world economy by valuing and devaluing its own green bucks. Other economic powers are unable to break the hegemony of the USD because United States is the major customer of their trade goods as well as it has strict control on paper currencies of other nations. Some of them try to control it by purchasing gold to renew commodity-based standard but they fail to challenge the dollar. IMF approved four other paper currencies, as reserve cash, as an option for the world in case of any misconduct by US regime, but the global trade is not ready to trust any other option. On the other hand digital cash is also introduced to counter paper cash but it is more ambiguous for the world than paper money. The dollar situation since past 10 years is very uncertain and threat of its sudden collapse is possible, yet the world is not ready for it.
The Association between Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Level and Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Level in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Pinem Hendri Wahyudi , Nasution Alwi Thamrin , Nasutio Bayu Rusfandi
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process with various etiology that causes a progressive decline in kidney function and ends in kidney failure. [1] CKD is a health problem that occurs in the community and has covered globally. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease stated that CKD was the 27th leading cause of death in the world in 1990. This has increased to 18th in 2010. Parathyroid hormone is a potential factor in the incidence of anemia in CKD patients. In CKD patients, there is an increase in levels of parathyroid hormone which is a uremic toxin that inhibits erythropoietin by increasing fibrosis in the bone marrow (myelofibrosis). The role of PTH in cases of renal anemia has been extensively investigated by various clinical observational studies. This study aimed to determine the association between parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with regular hemodialysis in Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital.
Methods: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 45 study subjects met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, underwent history taking, physical examination, anthropometry, and laboratory examination to measure parathyroid hormone, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: The measured PTH level had a minimum value of 113 pg/ml and a maximum of 595 pg/ml with an average of 431.4. The minimum hemoglobin value is 6.3 g/dl and a maximum of 11.5 g/dl with an average of 7.9, while for the hematocrit the minimum value is 19% and the maximum is 35% and the average is 24.7. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there is a significant relationship between PTH levels and hemoglobin, indicated by a significant p value of 0.001 (p value < 0.05). A significant relationship was also found between PTH levels and hematocrit (p value = 0.039).
Conclusion: Parathyroid hormone has a statistically significant relationship with haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in CKD patients with regular hemodialysis.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; haemoglobin; haematocrit; parathyroid hormone; anemia; hemodialysis.
Effects of Andrographis paniculata Extract on Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) Expression and Aorta Calcification in Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Adipermana Made Bagus , Wiryawan I Nyoman , Aryadana Wayan
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Smoking has been associated with morbidity and cardiovascular events. Administration of antioxidants can prevent aortic calcification and reduce levels of atherosclerosis markers caused by cigarette exposure. Andrographis paniculata, with the main ingredient of Andrographolide, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and effects on the cardiovascular system.
Methods: This study is an experimental study with a randomized post-test control group design to determine the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract on aortic abnormalities in rats. Samples were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, which was given standard feed and exposure to cigarette smoke, and the treatment group, which was given standard feed, exposure to cigarette smoke, and Andrographis paniculata extract.
Results: TLR4 expression in the control group (mean 41.50 ± 4.17), the first treatment group (mean 30.75 ± 3.24), the second group (mean 15.25 ± 3.01), the third group (mean 9.75 ± 4.65). The Shapiro Wilk normality test showed that the data were normally distributed (P > 0.05) with homogeneous data variance (P > 0.05). The analysis was continued with One Way Anova and found a significant difference between groups (P = 0.000). The aortic calcification in control group (mean 1.80 ± 0.616 pixel percentage); group 1 (means1.00 ± 0.48 pixel percentage), group 2 (mean 0.54 ± 0.34 pixel percentage), group 3 (mean 0.24 ± 0.16). In the Shapiro Wilk normality test, all data of aortic calcifications were normally distributed (P > 0.05) with inhomogeneous data variance (P < 0.05). The analysis continued with One Way Anova, and there were significant differences between groups (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Giving Andrographis paniculata extract to rats exposed to cigarette smoke decreased TLR4 expression and reduce the incidence of aortic calcification.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, calcification, TLR4.
FUNGAL COMPOSITION AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogbebor A. S. , Imoni A. A. , Ohiorenoya O. R.
Published: October 2021

Poultry farming contributes significantly to poverty alleviation by providing employment opportunities to Nigerians. Feed quality is the most prominent challenge of the poultry sector. This study was aimed at assessing the fungal and proximate qualities of poultry feeds sold in Benin City, Nigeria. Poultry feed samples (starter, grower and finisher) were obtained from five stores in Benin City. Enumeration and isolation of fungi was carried out using the spread plate method on potato dextrose agar and Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA). Identification of fungal isolates was based on cultural and morphological characteristics.  Proximate composition was determined by standard methods. The total fungal counts of starter, grower and finisher feeds ranged from 0.10 – 8.50 x 105 sfu/g. Fungal species isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Saccharomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. The results from proximate analysis were as follows: 36.50±0.92 - 70.92±0.51% (protein), 3.53±0.04 - 8.45±0.16% (fibre), 11.61±0.72 - 13.91±0.27% (fat), 2.70 - 8.60% (moisture content) and 3.65 - 37.83% (carbohydrate). The temperature and relative humidity of storage ranged from 33.90oC - 35.20oC and 69% - 75% respectively. Results showed that poultry feeds sampled have diverse fungi present in them. Control measures should be adhered to in poultry industries and stores to prevent microbial contamination.
Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenylquinoxaline-Alkyne Derivatives via Sonogashira Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Rifhat Bibi Rifhat Bibi , Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Yaseen , Haseen Ahmad Haseen Ahmad , Ismat Ullah Khan Ismat Ullah Khan , Shaista Parveen Shaista Parveen , Abbas Hassan Abbas Hassan
Published: October 2021

Transition metals mediated cross coupling methodologies provide an extremely powerful versatile pathway in organic syntheses undoubtedly, a facile route for syntheses and derivatization of biologically important heterocycles from easily available precursors. Sonogashira coupling reaction, a leading method to Csp-Csp2 bond formation is one of the most important and rapid pathways to couple aryl/vinyl halides with terminal alkynes. Current research study deals with the synthesis of alkyne substituted quinoxaline derivatives. The quinoxalines class of aromatic heterocycles exhibits a wide variety of important biological potencies. Palladium catalyzed cross coupling process provided an effective synthetic practice for the synthesis of alkyne derivatives of quinoxaline. Vareity of terminal alkynes were coupled with 2-(4-bromophenyl)quinoxaline under optimized conditions for Sonogashira reaction, affording alkyne substituted quinoxaline derivatives in high yields. The optimized reaction conditions for coupling of range of terminal alkyne with quinoxaline basic core render this process significant for designing of medicinally interesting precursors.
One-Pot Fabrication of K-Doped g-C3N4/SiO2Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Min keng He Min keng He , Jin Zhang Jin Zhang , Fang yan Chen Fang yan Chen , Ke keShu Ke keShu , Yu bin Tang Yu bin Tang
Published: October 2021

K-doped g-C3N4/SiO2composite (SiO2/K-CN) was synthesized by a facile thermal polymerization with potassium chloride, melamine and nano-silica as raw materials. The as-prepared SiO2/K-CN was characterized by various measures. The photocatalytic activity of SiO2/K-CN was tested via the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that the specific surface area of SiO2/K-CN catalyst was 28.16m2/g, which is larger than that of pristine K-doped g-C3N4. Both K-doping and silica-combination can reduce the recombination rate of photo-generated electrons-holes pairs and broaden the region of visible light-harvesting. Compared with the pristine K-doped g-C3N4 and composite SiO2/g-C3N4, SiO2/K-CN exhibits distinctly higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of SiO2/K-CN is attributed to the increased specific surface area and the synergistic effect of K-doping and silica-combination in both accelerating separation of charged carries and improving visible light-absorption. During photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline, superoxide radicals play the most important role, followed by holes.SiO2/K-CN complex has excellent stability and shows promising application in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water.
Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Effect of Some New Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives of 1-Indanone
Authors: Urooj Nazim Urooj Nazim , Silpa Narayanan Silpa Narayanan , Mohsin Ali Mohsin Ali , Khalid Mohammed Khan Khalid Mohammed Khan , Basharat Ali Basharat Ali , Jonathan Li Jonathan Li , Zhe Sheng Chen Zhe Sheng Chen , Mansoor Ahmed and Dong Hua Yang Mansoor Ahmed and Dong Hua Yang
Published: October 2021

In the present study, a series of twelve thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of 1-indanone was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, NMR, IR and Mass Spectrometry. All the synthesized target compounds were subjected to MTT assay for cytotoxicity screening and evaluation of their anti-cancer activity on various cell lines of human cancer including glioblastoma (SNB-19), prostate cancer (PC-3), Lung cancer (NCI-H460), human ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3 and IGROV-1), human leukemia (K-562) and human colon cancer(HCT116).Three synthesized compounds showed promising anti-cancer activity against the colon cancer cell HCT 116 cells with IC50 ranging from 1.25and#177;0.02 to 5.04and#177;0.2 and#181;M. On the other hand all the compounds didn’t show cytotoxic activity against other forms of human cancer cells.
Chromium Manganese and Zinc Levels in the Biological Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children Reside in Different Areas of Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Lashari Anjum Lashari , Hasan Imran Afridi Hasan Imran Afridi , Tasneem Gul Kazi Tasneem Gul Kazi , Farah Naz Talpur and Jameel Ahmed Baig Farah Naz Talpur and Jameel Ahmed Baig
Published: October 2021

T1DM is the most acquainted childhood immune-caused onset and may lead to early mortalities and morbidities. It can emanate in any age group but is highest reported in lesser than 18 years of age. In Pakistan only, T1DM institutes ~ 2% of the all diabetic population. This work was formulated to assess the concentration of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in blood, scalp hair and serum samples of diabetic mellitus type 1 children age ranged (1–5), (6-10) and (11-14) years of both genders (male and female), compared with similar sex and age referent subjects. For sample pretreatment, microwave-aided acid digestion procedure (MAD) was employed for elemental analysis in the biological samples of T1DM children. The employed method was validated by using certified reference samples of blood, scalp hair, and serum. Digests biological specimen were analyzed by AAS. The Zn was analyzed by FAAS, while the assessment of Mn and Cr were measured by ETAAS. The Mn, Zn and Cr, presents significantly low levels in the samples of scalp hair, blood and serum of female and male of age group of (1-5) (6-10) and (11-14) of diabetic mellitus type 1 children, compared with referent subjects. These data present an important hypothesis to doctors and other clinical experts to investigate insufficiency of these essential micronutrients (Cr, Mn, andamp; Zn) in biological specimen of blood, scalp hairs and serum of T1DM children.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Anticancer Activity of Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Bo Wang Bo Wang , Zhi qiang Cai Zhi qiang Cai , Xiao yu Shi Xiao yu Shi , Xiang Li Xiang Li , Shuai Li Shuai Li , and Ji xin Li and Ji xin Li
Published: October 2021

News series of substituted quinazoline derivatives has been synthesized from 3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-4-oxoquinazoline-6-yl acetate (1) by five-step procedures including chlorination, amination, hydrolysis and etherification. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, element analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the compound 8c exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cell lines with inhibition rate value of 38.45 %, which was comparable to that of the positive control Gefitinib (inhibition rate = 13.25 % for MCF-7). The initial relationship between structure and activity was worth further exploration.
Lithium Recovery from Water Resources by Ion Exchange and Sorption Method
Authors: Murodjon Samadiy and Tianlong Deng Murodjon Samadiy and Tianlong Deng
Published: October 2021

Demand to lithium rising swiftly as increasing due to its rapidly increasing dosages diverse applications such as rechargeable batteries, light aircraft alloys, and nuclear fusion. Lithium demand is expected to triple by 2025 driven by battery applications, specifically electric vehicles. To ensure the growing consumption of lithium, it is necessary to increase the production of lithium from different resources. Natural lithium resources mainly associate within granite pegmatite type deposit (spodumene and petalite ores), salt lake brines, seawater, and geothermal water. Among them, the reserves of lithium resources in salt lake brine, seawater, and geothermal water are in 70–80% of the total, which are excellent raw materials for lithium extraction. Compared to the minerals, the extraction of lithium from water resources is promising because this aqueous lithium recovery is more abundant, more environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. There are many ways to recover lithium from water resources. Among existing methods, the adsorption method is more promising on the way of manufacture. Therefore, the important progress on ion-exchange adsorption methods for lithium recovery from water resources searched ways, were summarized in detail, and the new trends in the future were also carried out.
Kinetics of Electron Transfer Reaction between Co(II) and Chlorate Ions: Experimental and Modeling Study
Authors: Mahwish Mobeen Khan and Syed Mumtaz Danish Naqvi Mahwish Mobeen Khan and Syed Mumtaz Danish Naqvi
Published: October 2021

This research article reports original experimental and modeling detail of kinetics of the electron transfer reaction between Co(II) and chlorate ions in acetic acid solution. Design of experiment methodology has been employed to elucidate the effects of temperature and initial concentrations of reactants on the rate of reaction. Levenberg-Marquardt method has been used to fit processed kinetic data (temperatures, initial concentrations of reactants, and concentrations and rates of production of Co(III)) on to various possible rate equations. This algorithm provides a proficient mean for compensating the capricious effects of the experimental process variables and results in the maximum likelihood estimates of the kinetic parameters. The most significant rate law has been selected, on the basis of statistical analyses of the residuals between the predicted and experimental rates. The analyses suggest that the intrinsic rate of reaction is proportional to first power of chlorate concentration but for Co(II) the order is fractional (0.7455 ≈ and#190;). The effect of temperature on the observed rate constant (precision = 0.02 %) is excellently described by the Arrhenius and Eyring equations and the sluggish nature of the reaction is clearly manifested by the high energy (andgt; 93 kJ/mol), negative entropy (-28.5286 J/mol-K) and very small equilibrium constant of activation. Further fairly negative standard entropy of activation shows there is usually considerable rearrangement of energy among various degrees of freedom during the formation of activated complex and proposes an associative mechanism for formation of the activated complex. This research is performed to develop a kinetic model for the electron transfer reaction between Co(II) and chlorate ion. As a result, a redox couple of Co(II)/Co(III) has been formed which is used as a potent oxidation catalyst in chemical industries.
Application of Collagen Hydrolysate Extracted from Limed Hide Waste in the Crop Grow Seedlings
Authors: Li Zhao Li Zhao , Yanru Long and Haibin Gu Yanru Long and Haibin Gu
Published: October 2021

In this work, the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were successfully extracted from the limed hide waste, and used at the nutrient solutions for crop breeding. Firstly, using the single factor and orthogonal exp eriments, hydrolytic process parameters of limed hide waste were optimized for the Alcalase-based enzymatic and Ca(OH)2-based alkali, and alkali-enzyme methods that led to the corresponding collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights. The obtained collagen hydrolysates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), amino acid analysis, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Kjeldahl method. Then, the collagen hydrolysates were used as organic nitrogen sources to prepare fertilizers for the grow seedlings of Triticum aestivum, Glycine max, and Brassica napus, and inorganic nitrogen solutions were used as controls. The effects of these nutrient solutions on the seedlings and growth of the three crops were investigated. Concretely, the germination rate, plant weight, seeding height, soluble sugar content, and chlorophyll content were tested. Results indicated that all the collagen hydrolysate products could be used to prepare water-soluble fertilizers that can intensively boost germination, plant weight, and seeding height, and greatly increase soluble sugar and chlorophyll content in leaves. Furthermore, the fertilizer efficiencies of all the tested degradation products are much better than that of the water-soluble fertilizer containing inorganic nitrogen. All the proteolytic nutrient solutions with different molecular weights can promote the growth of crops, but the smaller the molecular weight is, the better the growth effect of crops is, which is manifested in the higher germination rate, plant weight, seedling height, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content of seeds.
Личность как проблема психологии
Authors: Лобастов Геннадий Васильевич
Published: October 2021

Представлено развернутое понятие личности в диалектической методологии, показано начало и завершение развития личности в сопряжении индивидуального и культурно-исторического ее бытия. Обосновано схождение двух линий развития: линии общественных отношений, развивающихся в предметно-преобразовательной исторической практике, и линии развития психического образа в онтогенезе. Смысловая сторона психики исходно объясняется проблемностью жизненного бытия младенца, осуществляющегося в объективных культурно-исторических обстоятельствах. Точка возникновения исходного элементарного психического образа и объективная проблемность начальных форм филогенеза логически смыкаются и в историческом развитии ведут к становлению личности. Это и есть предметное поле психологии. Автором обосновано место идеально-всеобщих форм в анализе психических явлений. «Чистые формы» являются мерой развитости личностного бытия, атрибутивными определениями которого являются субъектность и свободная творческая универсальность. Статья продолжает авторский анализ исследования проблемы личности Э.В. Ильенковым и Л.С. Выготским.
Общественная оценка деятельности российской полиции в социальных медиа (на примере Магаданской области)
Authors: Невский Сергей Александрович , Бормотова Татьяна Михайловна , Яковлев Олег Владимирович , Черкасов Роман Владимирович
Published: October 2021

Важную роль в оценке деятельности полиции играют социальные медиа, которые предоставляют социально значимую информацию. Несмотря на многочисленность публикаций по этой проблематике, практически отсутствуют исследования по изучению степени влияния транслируемых данных на формирование общественного мнения в оценке работы полиции. Целью данного исследования является анализ тональности содержательной интерпретации числовых закономерностей информации в социальных медиа и сети Интернет о деятельности органов внутренних дел Магаданской области в условиях пандемии коронавируса. Для изучения проблемы был проведен контент-анализ 208 текстовых и видео-массивов медиаресурсов в сети Интернет. В результате исследования выявлены характеристики информационной среды, представленной контентом в социальных сетях и блогосфере, в аспекте влияния на общественное мнение о криминогенной обстановке и деятельности сотрудников полиции Магаданской области. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие социальных институтов, включая совершенствование деятельности полиции.
Стратегии пропаганды в видеоиграх: практики и актуальные темы
Authors: Беляев Дмитрий Анатольевич , Кутоманов Сергей Алексеевич , Резник Сергей Васильевич
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрены видеоигры как актуальный экранно-интерактивный медиум, в котором реализуются различные пропагандистские стратегии социально-политической направленности. На конкретных примерах проанализированы стратегии реализации боевой и гражданской пропаганды в видеоигровых повествованиях, в частности технологии общественного влияния и манипулирования: «60 на 40», «гнилая селедка» и «абсолютная очевидность». Отдельно рассмотрены варианты геймплейной интеграции пропагандистских активностей и борьбы с ними. В итоге доказано наличие динамики интеграции в видеоигровые практики и нарративы различных идеологически ангажированных тем, легитимирующих видеоигры как политический феномен. Они становятся инструментом экранно-интерактивной пропаганды вполне определенных социально-политических программ и концептов.
Reply to Comment on Shen H, et al. “Co-signaling receptors regulate T-cell plasticity and immune tolerance”. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark. 2019; 24: 96–132
Authors: Shen Haitao , Wu Na , Nanayakkara Gayani , Fu Hangfei , Yang Qian , Yang William Y. , Li Angus , Sun Yu , Charles Drummer  , Johnson Candice , Shao Ying , Wang Luqiao , Xu Keman , Hu Wenhui , Chan Marion , Tam Vincent , Choi Eric T. , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2021

No abstract present.
Is miR therapeutic targeting still a miRage?
Authors: Levantini Elena
Published: October 2021

Since the discovery of the first microRNA (miR), almost three decades ago, the roles played by miRs under normal and diseased settings have been widely investigated. miRs are found to play crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression, as well as towards therapy response mechanisms. Therefore, they are relevant and attractive targets for therapeutic development. Many preclinical studies have demonstrated their promise as future anti-cancer tools. Recently, increasing number of early phase clinical trials have emerged. In this Commentary, we will summarize the major discoveries within the miR research field and highlight the status quo of current miR-therapeutics, which has prominent potential of impacting future cancer regimens given their massive dysregulation in oncogenic processes.
Clinical features of pneumonia in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea compared to those without diarrhoea
Authors: Islam Sufia , Nasrin Nishat , Tithi Nigar Sultana , Lehmann Christian , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pneumonia and diarrhoea are amongst the most common causes for hospital admission for children in low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. Undernourished children often have more severe infections and a higher morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical features and outcomes of pneumonia in severely malnourished children with and without diarrhoea. Methodology: A retrospective chart analysis was carried out on children under 5 years of age who were admitted in intensive care unit of the Dhaka hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). A total of 245 severe acute malnourished children with pneumonia and diarrhoea (PD group) were compared with 89 children with pneumonia only (PO group). Results: A significantly higher number of children from the PD group had some/severe dehydration (16.3% vs. 1.1%; p < 0.005) when compared with children from the PO group. The PD group showed less cough (83.3% vs. 100%; p < 0.001), lower chest wall indrawing (40.4% vs. 60.7%; p = 0.001), and crackles (62.4% vs. 87.6%; p < 0.001) compared to the PO group at the time of admission. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of some/severe dehydration in addition to WHO recommended other routine treatment of diarrhoea, pneumonia and severe acute malnutrition in children may help to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Synthesis and analysis of small molecules to restrain the function of tissue factor within tumour cells
Authors: Adeniran Oluremi I , Mohammad Mohammad A , Featherby Sophie , Maraveyas Anthony , Boa Andrew N , Ettelaie Camille
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The restriction of prolyl-protein cis/trans isomerase 1 (Pin1) activity has been shown to prevent the release of tissue factor (TF) leading to the accumulation of the latter protein within the cell. This study tested the ability of novel small molecules to inhibit Pin1, suppress TF activity and release, and induce cellular apoptosis. Methods: Four compounds were designed and synthesised based on modification of 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbonyl amide and the outcome on MDA-MB-231 and primary cells examined. These compounds contained 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine (4a), D-tryptophan (4b), D-phenylalanine (4c), and D-tyrosine (4d) at the amino-termini. Results: Treatment of cells with compound 4b and 4d reduced the cell-surface TF activity after 60 min on MDA-MB-231 cells. Incubation with compound 4d also reduced TF antigen on the cell surface and its incorporation into microvesicles, while compounds 4a and 4b significantly increased TF release. None of the four compounds significantly altered the total amount of TF antigen or TF mRNA expression. Compound 4b and 4d also suppressed the binding of Pin1 to TF-cytoplasmic domain peptide. However, compound 4d reduced while compound 4b increased the Pin1 isomerase activity. Finally, treatment with compound 4b and 4d reduced the cell numbers, increased nuclear localisation of p53, Bax protein and bax mRNA expression and induced cellular apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 but not primary endothelial cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have identified small molecules to regulate the function of TF within cells. Two of these compounds may prove to be beneficial in moderating TF function specifically and restrain TF-mediated tumour growth without detrimental outcomes on normal vascular cells.
Comparative safety and efficacy of molecular-targeted drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and their combinations in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from advances in landmark trials
Authors: Pan Yangxun , Wang Ruojing , Hu Dandan , Xie Wa , Fu Yizhen , Hou Jiajie , Xu Li , Zhang Yaojun , Chen Minshan , Zhou Zhongguo
Published: October 2021

Background: Several recent phase 3 trials have reported manageable safety profiles and promising antitumor activities of molecular-targeted drugs (MTDs; sorafenib, lenvatinib), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and their combinations in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AHCC); however, head-to-head comparisons among these regimens are lacking. Methods: We aimed to comprehensively review and compare the efficacy and safety of different MTDs, ICIs, HAIC and their combinations in AHCC. Adverse events (AEs), disease control rates (DCRs), objective response rates (ORRs), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. Results: The pooled incidence rates of grade 1–5/3–5 AEs were 98.0%/48.6%, 98.3%/57.4%, 91.4%/22.0%, 96.4%/54.6%, 98.2%/61.1%, 86.3%/34.1%, 88.9%/9.4%, and 95.2%/53.2% for sorafenib, lenvatinib, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, HAIC-cisplatin plus sorafenib, HAIC-oxaliplatin, and HAIC-oxaliplatin plus sorafenib, respectively, which suggested that nivolumab exhibited optimal safety regarding grade 1–5 AEs, whereas HAIC-oxaliplatin monotherapy ranked lowest regarding grade 3–5 AEs. According to RECIST1.1, lenvatinib (72.8%), atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (73.6%), HAIC-oxaliplatin (78.8%) and HAIC-oxaliplatin plus sorafenib (75.2%) showed higher DCRs than sorafenib (57.3%), nivolumab (33.9%), and pembrolizumab (62.3%), whereas only HAIC-oxaliplatin-based treatments demonstrated a higher ORR than the others. Pooled OS and PFS analysis favored the combination regimens other than sorafenib along. Conclusions: Here, we present preliminary evidence for the comparative safety and efficacy of existing MTDs, ICIs, HAIC and their combinations in AHCC, which indicated that HAIC-oxaliplatin monotherapy has acceptable toxicity and efficacy and could be the cornerstone for future combination of systemic treatments in AHCC. Our findings might provide insight into the future design of multidisciplinary treatments in AHCC.
Research progress in gene editing technology
Authors: Huang Sheng , Yan Yali , Su Fei , Huang Xiaorui , Xia Dandan , Jiang Xinxin , Dong Yinghui , Lv Ping , Chen Fangyuan , Lv Yanwei
Published: October 2021

As a tool for modifying the genome, gene editing technology has developed rapidly in recent years, especially in the past two years. With the emergence of new gene editing technologies, such as transposon editing tools, numerous advancements have been made including precise editing of the genome, double base editing, and pilot editing. This report focuses on the development of gene editing tools in recent years, elaborates the progress made in classic editing tools, base editor and other new editing tools, and provides insights into challenges and opportunities.