bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Nodules with Preoperative Benign Cytology and BRAF V600E Mutations: the Role of Conventional Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lu Feng , Zhang Yi-Feng , Wang Han-Xiang , Hui Shi , Guo Le-Hang , Wei Qing , Sun Xue-Chen
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most accurate and economical means for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, but false negative results also existed. This study aimed to predict the false negative results of FNA, reduce the missed diagnosis and improve the current management strategy of thyroid nodules. Methods: A total of 1232 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who received FNA and BRAF V600E detection were adopted. All patients received both CUS (conventional ultrasound) and SWE (shear wave elastography) examinations and characteristics of these thyroid nodules were analyzed to evaluated the diagnostic performances of risk factors for malignancy.Results: Finally, 26 nodules with benign cytology and BRAF V600E mutations were enrolled. Undefined boundary, microcalcification and E max ratio > 1.49 were risk factors for malignancy (P<0.05), and the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) of above CUS features and elastic value were 0.817 (95% CI: 0.617, 0.940), 0.792 (95% CI: 0.588, 0.925) and 0.792 (95% CI: 0.617, 0.940) respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 80.0%, 83.3%, 94.1%, 55.6% and 80.7% for undefined boundary, 75.0%, 83.3%, 93.8%, 50.0% and 76.9% for microcalcification and 75.0%, 83.3%, 93.8%, 50.0% and 76.9% for E max ratio > 1.49 respectively. There was no difference between benign and malignant nodules in the patient age, sex and nodule sizes (P>0.05).Conclusions: Undefined boundary, microcalcification and E max ratio > 1.49 were risk factors for malignancy in benign cytology nodules. When FNA results were benign but above characteristics could be found in the thyroid nodules with BRAF V600E mutation, further clinical decisions should be carried out to reduce the missed diagnosis.
In silico Investigation of Saponins and Tannins as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Falade Victoria Adeola , Adelusi Temitope Isaac , Adedotun Ibrahim Olaide , Abdul-Hammed Misbaudeen , Lawal Teslim Alabi , Agboluaje Saheed Alabi
Published: October 2020

It is no longer news that a novel strain of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 is ravaging the health sector worldwide, several attempts have been made to curtail this pandemic via repurposing of old drugs but at the present, available drugs are not adequately effective. Over the year, plant phytochemicals are increasingly becoming an alternative source of an antimicrobial agent with a novel mechanism of action and limited side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Isolated saponins and tannins were evaluated for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro via Molecular Docking and it was observed that a handsome number of the phytochemicals had binding affinity much better than Remdesivir, Dexamethasone, and N3 inhibitor which were used as the standard in this study. Further Investigation of drug-likeness, ADMET profile, and bioactivity of these phytochemicals revealed that binding affinity alone is not enough in the drug discovery process and that 4 hit compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2Mpro. This preliminary study furnishes Ellagic acid, Arjunic acid, Theasapogenol B, and Euscaphic acid as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with better pharmacokinetics and bioavailability compared to Remdesivir which is currently used compassionately.
Lobectomy Versus Segmentectomy in Patients with Stage T (>2 cm and ≤3 cm) N0M0 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Wang Linlin , Ge Lihui , Zhang Guofeng , Ren Yi , Liu Yongyu
Published: October 2020

Background: Whether lung segmentectomy is a safe and effective surgical treatment in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We have therefore reviewed the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of patients receiving a lobectomy vs. segmentectomy to treat early T (>2 cm and ≤3 cm) N0M0 NSCLC.Methods: We obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy between 2004 and 2015. To reduce bias and imbalance between the treatment groups, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. We used Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-speciﬁc survival (LCSS), performed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to identify independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, and applied the Cox proportional hazards model to create forest plots. Results: A total of 5783 patients from the SEER database were included. Of these, 5531 patients underwent lobectomy, and 252 patients underwent segmentectomy. Before matching, both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that patients who underwent lobectomy had better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.561; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.292-1.885; P <0.001) and LCSS (HR: 1.551; 95% CI 1.198-2.009; P=0.001) than patients who underwent segmentectomy. However, survival differences between the groups were not significant; OS (P=0.160) and LCSS (P=0.097) after matching. Regression analyses revealed that age, sex, lymph node dissection, and grade were independent predictors of OS and LCSS (P <0.05).Conclusions: For patients with stage T (>2 cm and ≤3 cm) N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer, segmentectomy can achieve the same OS and LCSS compared with lobectomy. A large number of patients require further long-term follow-up analyses.
Identification of a Circulating miRNA Signature to Stratify Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients
Authors: Martucci Gennaro , Arcadipane Antonio , Tuzzolino Fabio , Occhipinti Giovanna , Panarello Giovanna , Carcione Claudia , Bonicolini Eleonora , Vitiello Chiara , martino lavinia , Lorusso Roberto , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Miceli Vitale
Published: October 2020

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical definition of a inflammatory lung disease comprising a heterogeneous group of causes. Despite the fact that veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) may efficaciously support the most severe cases of ARDS, the mortality is still high. There is a need to improve both ARDS diagnosis and clinical management, particularly with ECMO, and different biomarkers have been tested to implement a precision-focused approach. Methods We included 11 ARDS patients treated with V-V ECMO in a prospective observational pilot study. Clinical baseline, main ECMO management, and outcome-related data were collected. Blood samples were obtained before cannulation, and screened for the expression of 754 circulating microRNA (miRNAs) using high-throughput qPCR. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to allow grouping of patients with similar expression patterns. The miRNet database was used to predict target genes of deregulated miRNAs, and the DIANA tool was used to identify significant enrichment pathways, while logistic regression was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) for associations between miRNA expression and ARDS severity.Results A hierarchical cluster of 229 miRNAs (identified after quality control screening) produced a clear separation of patients into two groups: considering the baseline SAPS II, SOFA and RESP score, cluster A (n=6) showed higher severity compared to cluster B (n=5); all p values<0.05. After analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs between the two clusters, 95 deregulated miRNAs were identified and reduced to 13 by in silico analysis. These miRNAs (miR-93, 92a, -769, -99a, -212, -20a, -19b, -18a, -17, -126, -106b, -19a and let-7a) target genes implicated in tissue remodeling, immune system and blood coagulation pathways; the AUCs were 0.86, 0.90, 0.86, 0.93, 0.90, 0.93, 0.93, 0.88, 0.96, 0.90, 0.80, 0.93 and 0.86, respectively (all p value<0.01).Conclusions This pilot study shows that the blood levels of 13 miRNAs strongly related to biological pathways possibly associated with ARDS are altered in patients with severe ARDS, and may offer diagnostic value as well as contribute to ARDS stratification. Further investigations will have to match miRNA results with inflammatory biomarkers and clinical data to confirm these preliminary observations.
Are the thermodynamic properties of natural and synthetic Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 olivines the same?
Authors: Geiger Charles A. , Vielreicher Noreen M. , Dachs Edgar
Published: October 2020

It is not known if the thermodynamic behavior of some minerals and their synthetic analogues are quantitatively the same. Olivine is an important rock-forming substitutional solid solution consisting of the two end-members forsterite, Mg2SiO4, and fayalite, Fe2SiO4. We undertook the first heat capacity, CP, measurements on two natural olivines between 2 and 300 K; nearly end-member fayalite and a forsterite-rich crystal Fo0.904Fa0.096. Their CP(T) behavior is compared to that of synthetic crystals of similar composition, as found in the literature. The two natural olivines are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The X-ray results show that the crystals are well crystalline. The Mössbauer hyperfine parameters, obtained from a fit with two Fe2+ quadrupole split doublets, are similar to published values measured on synthetic olivines. There are slight differences in the absorption line widths (i.e., FWHM) between the natural and synthetic crystals. CP (2 to 300 K) is measured by relaxation calorimetry. The CP results of the natural nearly end-member fayalite and published values for two different synthetic Fa100 samples are in excellent agreement. Even CP resulting from a Schottky anomaly and a paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition with both arising from Fe2+ are similar. There are slight differences in the Néel temperature between the natural 63 K and synthetic ~65 K fayalites. This is probably related to the presence of certain minor elements (e.g., Mn2+) in the natural crystal. The third-law entropy, S°, value is 151.6 ± 1.1 J/(mol·K). CP behavior of the natural forsterite, Fo0.904Fa0.096, and a synthetic olivine, Fo90Fa10, are in excellent agreement between about 7 and 300 K. The only difference lies at T < 7 K, as the former does not show Debye T3 behavior, but, instead, a plateauing of CP values. The S° value for the natural forsterite is 99.1 ± 0.7 J/(mol·K).
Mass media and the premarital sexual behaviour of the adolescents in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Nworgu K. O.
Published: October 2020

The authors set to investigate the influence of the Mass Media on adolescents' knowledge of and behavior towards sex and sexuality, especially, regarding early sex, the use of contraceptives and condoms. The participants were drawn from five secondary schools in Owerri Municipality, the Capital of Imo State, Nigeria. The simple size included 100 respondents made up of males and females between the ages of 10 and 19 years drawn from simple random sampling. Questionnaire containing semi-structured (close-ended) questions. Interview sessions involving media workers form select radio, television and newspaper houses in Owerri were conducted. Three research questions and one hypothesis were used to straighten the study. Results showed the respondents mean age for first sex is 17.8 years. The findings show that the media did not have very significant influence at 0.05 on adolescents' sexual behavior, especially, as regards, having first sex experience. This result is explained by the fact that most the respondents lived in boarding hostels and may not have access to media, while in school. It was recommended the influence of family members, including parents and peer groups should be given priority attention when adolescent sexual behavior is discussed, especially, in Nigeria where extended family members play a vital role in the socialization of the adolescents.
Čitati Bergmanov arhiv
Authors: Tomić Janica
Published: October 2020

Od godine 2018. dostupan javnosti, arhiv Ingmara Bergmana potaknuo je niz čitanja i revalorizacija, prije svega, tekstualnog dijela njegova opusa. Promišljajući odnos Bergmanovih rukopisa i filmova, u radu se ukazuje na značaj radnih dnevnika (1938. – 2006.) i drugih tekstualnih fragmenata za shvaćanje Bergmanova arhiva, u cjelini, kao umjetnosti. Zaključna analiza filma Pričesnici (Nattvardsgästerna) ilustrira kako isprepleteni dijelovi arhiva pridonose shvaćanju posebno ranije previđenih afektivnih slojeva, nadovezujući se i na teze o potrebi razrade uvriježenih filozofskih i srodnih pristupa Bergmanovu radu.
Multi-objective optimization of groundwater monitoring network using a probability Pareto genetic algorithm and entropy method (case study: Silakhor plain)
Authors: Komasi Mehdi , Goudarzi Hesam
Published: October 2020

Optimal groundwater monitoring networks have an important role in water resources management. For this purpose, two scenarios were presented. The first scenario designs a monitoring network and the second scenario chooses optimal wells from the existing ones in the study area of the monitoring network. At the first step, a database including groundwater elevation in potential wells was produced using the Kriging method. The optimal monitoring network in the first scenario was determined by preset conventions and found by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). In the second scenario, the optimal monitoring network was determined by entropy theory through calculating entropy for each of the 29 observation wells. Finally, the first scenario obtained a network with 12 observation stations showing root mean square error (RMSE) value given as 0.61 m. Comparison between entropy of rainfall and groundwater level time series in the first scenario had the same variation. The optimal monitoring network in the first scenario has been able to reduce the number of monitoring stations by 60% in comparison with the existing observation network. The second scenario used entropy theory and calculated the energy of each of the 29 observation wells which obtained a monitoring network with 11 stations.
Benefits and costs of rural sanitation interventions in Ghana
Authors: Radin Mark , Wong Brad , McManus Catherine , Sinha Saumitra , Jeuland Marc , Larbi Eugene , Tuffuor Benedict , Biscoff Noble Kofi , Whittington Dale
Published: October 2020

Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) has triggered households around the world to adopt latrines, but evidence suggests that CLTS does not usually lead to universal latrine coverage. Additional interventions, such as subsidies for the poor, may be necessary to eliminate open defecation. While subsidies can improve sanitation-related outcomes, no prior studies have compared the net benefits of CLTS plus subsidies to CLTS-only. This paper presents a comparative analysis for rural Ghana, where efforts to reduce open defecation have had limited success. We analyze the costs and benefits of: (1) a CLTS-only intervention, as implemented in Ghana, and (2) a variant of CLTS that provides vouchers for latrines to the poorest households in high sanitation adoption communities. We find that CLTS-only fails a deterministic benefit-cost test and that only about 30% of 10,000 Monte Carlo trials produce positive net benefits. CLTS plus subsidies satisfy a benefit-cost criterion in the deterministic case, and in about 55% of the Monte Carlo trials. This more favorable outcome stems from high adoption communities passing the threshold needed to generate positive health externalities due to improved community sanitation. The results suggest that a well-targeted CLTS plus subsidies intervention would be more effective in Ghana than CLTS alone.
COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Analysis of Age-Dependent Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Indicates that more than Just One Strategy May Be Needed
Authors: Jimenez Mercedes , Campillo Nuria E. , Canelles Matilde
Published: October 2020

In December 2019, a novel respiratory coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 appeared
in China, causing the disease termed COVID-19 that has caused millions of infections
worldwide. In this article, we have analyzed existing evidence on the immune response
against SARS coronaviruses in order to understand the possible outcome of a
vaccine for COVID-19. From our analysis, it becomes clear that there is a big difference
in the immune response against SARS in children, young adults and the elderly, both at
the innate and adaptive levels. Taking this information into account, we have studied the
strategies that are being used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. We discussed
the perspectives for obtention and worldwide distribution of reliable vaccines using this
perspective. The conclusion is that different vaccines may be protective for different age
segments within the population, depending on the strategy used for their design. Therefore,
it will become necessary for several vaccines to reach the finish line, not only to ensure
availability, but also to guarantee an adequate immune response at the individual
level.
Recent Advances Towards Drug Design Targeting the Protease of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Authors: Bano Sehrish , Hameed Abdul , Al-Rashida Mariya , Iftikhar Shafia , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: October 2020

Background:

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) acute respiratory syndrome has recently emerged and continued
to spread rapidly with high mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, no efficacious therapy
is available to relieve coronavirus infections. As new drug design and development
takes time, there is a possibility offindingan effective treatment from existing antiviral
agents.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between thepossible drug
targets and themechanism of action of antiviral drugs. This review discusses the efforts
indevelopingdrug from known or new molecules.

Methods:

Viruses usually have two structural integrities, proteins and nucleic acids, both
of which can be possible drug targets. Herein, we systemically discuss the structural-functional
relationships of the spike, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain like protease
(PLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), as these are prominent
structural features of thecoronavirus. Certain antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir are
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitorswiththe ability to terminate RNA replication
by inhibiting ATP.

Results:

It is reported that ATP is involved in synthesis of coronavirus non-structural proteins
from 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, mechanisms of action of many other antiviral
agents havebeen discussed in this review. It will provide new insights into the mechanism
of inhibition, and let us develop new therapeutic antiviral approaches against novel
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this review summarizes recent progress in developing protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2.
Anti-platelet Drug-loaded Targeted Technologies for the Effective Treatment of Atherothrombosis
Authors: Muruganantham Selvakumar , Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran , Alagarsamy Shanmugarathinam , Kandasamy Ruckmani
Published: October 2020

Atherothrombosis results from direct interaction between atherosclerotic plaque and arterial
thrombosis and is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. As a long term progressive
disease, atherosclerosis frequently results in an acute atherothrombotic event through plaque rupture
and platelet-rich thrombus formation. The pathophysiology of atherothrombosis involves
cholesterol accumulation endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immuno-inflammatory, and apoptotic
aspects. Platelet activation and aggregation is the major cause for stroke because of its roles,
including thrombus, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque, and sealing off the bleeding vessel.
Platelet aggregates are associated with arterial blood pressure and cardiovascular ischemic events.
Under normal physiological conditions, when a blood vessel is damaged, the task of platelets
within the circulation is to arrest the blood loss. Antiplatelet inhibits platelet function, thereby decreasing
thrombus formation with complementary modes of action to prevent atherothrombosis. In
the present scientific scenario, researchers throughout the world are focusing on the development
of novel drug delivery systems to enhance patient’s compliance. Immediate responding pharmaceutical
formulations become an emerging trend in the pharmaceutical industries with better patient
compliance. The proposed review provides details related to the molecular pathogenesis of
atherothrombosis and recent novel formulation approaches to treat atherothrombosis with particular
emphasis on commercial formulation and upcoming technologies.
Spastin Interacts with CRMP2 to Regulate Neurite Outgrowth by Controlling Microtubule Dynamics through Phosphorylation Modifications
Authors: Li Sumei , Zhang Jifeng , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Jiong , Cheng Longfei , Chen Li , Cha Caihui , Guo Guoqing
Published: October 2020

Aims:

Our work aims to revealing the underlying microtubule mechanism of neurites
outgrowth during neuronal development and also proposes a feasible intervention pathway for reconstructing
neural network connections after nerve injury.

Background:

Microtubule polymerization and severing form the basis for neurite outgrowth and
branch formation. However, the mechanisms that underlie the dynamic instability of microtubules
are unclear. Here, we showed that neurite outgrowth mediated by collapsing response mediator protein
2 (CRMP2) can be enhanced by spastin, which had an effect on the severing of microtubule cytoskeleton.

Objective:

To explore whether neurite outgrowth was mediated by coordination of CRMP2 and
spastin.

Methods:

Hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro in 24-well culture plates for 4 days before
being used to perform the transfection. Calcium phosphate was used to transfect the CRMP2 and
spastin constructs and their control into the neurons. An interaction between CRMP2 and spastin
was examined by using pull down, CoIP and immunofluorescence colocalization assays. And immunostaining
was also performed to determine the morphology of neurites.

Results:

We first demonstrated that CRMP2 interacted with spastin to promote neurite outgrowth
and branch formation. Then our results identified that CRMP2 interacted with the microtubule-
binding domain of spastin via its C-terminus, and deleting these binding sites inhibited neurite
outgrowth and branch formation. In addition, we confirmed one phosphorylation site at S210
of spastin in hippocampal neurons. Spastin phosphorylation at S210 failed to alter the binding
affinity of CRMP2 but inhibited its binding to microtubules. Further study showed that phosphorylation
spastin at S210 inhibited the neurite outgrowth induced by CRMP2 and spastin interaction
through downregulation of microtubule-severing activity.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our data demonstrated that both CRMP2 and spastin interaction and
the microtubule-severing activity of spastin were required for neurite outgrowth and branch formation.
The Impact of Pretrained Language Models on Negation and Speculation Detection in Cross-Lingual Medical Text: Comparative Study
Authors: Rivera Zavala Renzo , Martinez Paloma
Published: October 2020

Background

Negation and speculation are critical elements in natural language processing (NLP)-related tasks, such as information extraction, as these phenomena change the truth value of a proposition. In the clinical narrative that is informal, these linguistic facts are used extensively with the objective of indicating hypotheses, impressions, or negative findings. Previous state-of-the-art approaches addressed negation and speculation detection tasks using rule-based methods, but in the last few years, models based on machine learning and deep learning exploiting morphological, syntactic, and semantic features represented as spare and dense vectors have emerged. However, although such methods of named entity recognition (NER) employ a broad set of features, they are limited to existing pretrained models for a specific domain or language.

Objective

As a fundamental subsystem of any information extraction pipeline, a system for cross-lingual and domain-independent negation and speculation detection was introduced with special focus on the biomedical scientific literature and clinical narrative. In this work, detection of negation and speculation was considered as a sequence-labeling task where cues and the scopes of both phenomena are recognized as a sequence of nested labels recognized in a single step.

Methods

We proposed the following two approaches for negation and speculation detection: (1) bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and conditional random field using character, word, and sense embeddings to deal with the extraction of semantic, syntactic, and contextual patterns and (2) bidirectional encoder representations for transformers (BERT) with fine tuning for NER.

Results

The approach was evaluated for English and Spanish languages on biomedical and review text, particularly with the BioScope corpus, IULA corpus, and SFU Spanish Review corpus, with F-measures of 86.6%, 85.0%, and 88.1%, respectively, for NeuroNER and 86.4%, 80.8%, and 91.7%, respectively, for BERT.

Conclusions

These results show that these architectures perform considerably better than the previous rule-based and conventional machine learning–based systems. Moreover, our analysis results show that pretrained word embedding and particularly contextualized embedding for biomedical corpora help to understand complexities inherent to biomedical text.
The Patterns and Impact of Social Media Exposure of Journal Publications in Gastroenterology: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chiang Austin Lee , Rabinowitz Loren Galler , Alakbarli Javid , Chan Walter W
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Medical journals increasingly promote published content through social media platforms such as Twitter. However, gastroenterology journals still rank below average in social media engagement.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the engagement patterns of publications in gastroenterology journals on Twitter and evaluate the impact of tweets on citations.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study comparing the 3-year citations of all full-length articles published in five major gastroenterology journals from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012, tweeted by official journal accounts with those that were not. Multivariate analysis using linear regression was performed to control for journal impact factor, time since publication, article type, frequency of reposting by other users (“retweets”), and media addition to tweets. Secondary analyses were performed to assess the associations between article type or subtopic and the likelihood of social media promotion/engagement.

RESULTS

A total of 1666 articles were reviewed, with 477 tweeted by the official journal account. Tweeting an article independently predicted increased citations after controlling for potential confounders (β coefficient=13.09; P=.007). There was significant association between article type and number of retweets on analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<.001), with guidelines/technical reviews (mean difference 1.04, 95% CI 0.22-1.87; P<.001) and meta-analyses/systemic reviews (mean difference 1.03, 95% CI 0.35-1.70; P<.001) being retweeted more than basic science articles. The manuscript subtopics most frequently promoted included motility/functional bowel disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 95% CI 1.93-7.64; P<.001) and education (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.62-13.58; P=.004), while basic science papers were less likely tweeted (OR 0.154, 95% CI 0.07-0.34; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Tweeting of gastroenterology journal articles independently predicted higher 3-year citations. Wider adoption of social media to increase reach and measure uptake of published research should be considered.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Manajemen Stres terhadap Kebahagiaan Santri di Pesantren
Authors: Darmayanti Nefi , Daulay Nurussakinah
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan manajemen stres terhadap kebahagiaan santri di Pondok Pesantren Uswatun Hasanah Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan. Tes eksperimental pre-post dengan desain kelompok kontrol diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Kami memperoleh data dengan skala kebahagiaan yang mengungkapkan tingkat kepuasan hidup siswa, dan pengaruh positif dan negatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah santri berusia 14-18 tahun dan memiliki skor kategorisasi kebahagiaan rendah (14 santri) dan sedang (36 santri) dengan rentang skor bergerak 106 hingga 119. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen memiliki kebahagiaan yang lebih tinggi (n = 25; M = 110,16; SD = 9,86) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (n = 25; M = 101; SD = 11,29). Perbedaan ini terbukti signifikan (F (1,48) = 9,331; p < 0,01). Pengaruh pelatihan manajemen stres terhadap kebahagiaan siswa adalah 0,163 atau 16,3%.
Persistent alterations of cortical hemodynamic response in asymptomatic concussed patients
Authors: Memmini Allyssa K , Sun Xin , Xiaosu Hu  , Kim Jessica , Herzog Noelle K , Islam Mohammed N , Weissman Daniel H , Rogers Alexander J , Kovelman Ioulia , Broglio Steven P
Published: October 2020

Aim: The underlying neurophysiological effects of concussion often result in attenuated cognitive and cortical function. To understand the relation between cognition and brain injury, we investigated the effects of concussion on attentional networks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Materials & methods: Healthy controls and concussed patients, tested within 72 h from injury (T1) and after symptoms resolved (T2) completed a computerized attention task during fNIRS imaging. Results: T1 patients exhibited slower reaction times and reduced brain activation pattern relative to healthy controls. Interestingly, the cortical oxygenation hemoglobin response at T2 was greater relative to T1 and healthy controls, while reaction time was normative. Conclusion: The exploratory findings of this study suggest once asymptomatic, a compensatory hemodynamic response may support the restoration of reaction time despite ongoing physiological recovery.
KOMUNIKASI MULTILINGUAL PADA KOMUNITAS SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN MAHASISWA DARUSSALAM DI KARTASURA
Authors: Normalita Aulia , Oktavia Wahyu
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penggunaan multilingual yang ada pada komunitas santri di pondok pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam di Kartasura yang ditinjau dari kajian sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada tuturan bahasa sehari-hari dari keanekaragaman bahasa dan keanekaragaman budaya oleh santri di sebuah pondok pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam Kartasura yang melibatkan unsur alih kode dan campur kode. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripsi kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan setiap tuturan yang dituturkan oleh setiap santri. Teknik dalam analisis data menggunakan teknik simak dan rekam dengan observasi dan wawancara yang diambil dari peristiwa-peristiwa tutur sehari-hari yang terjadi di pondok pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam Kartasura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya wujud bahasa multilingual dan faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab adanya bahasa multilingual.
Formulation, characterization and evaluation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Hydrogel
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Malviya Kapil , Omray Lavakesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

The challenge in the formulation of novel systems for TDDS is to identify technologies and formulation excipients which simultaneously optimize drug permeation. Our main goal was to design and evaluate a recent alternative for the administration of tramadol HCl. Performed the preformulation study as different evaluation parameters Physiochemical Studies, Solubility Determination, Partition Coefficient, and Preparation of Calibration Curve simultaneously Preparation & Characterization of Hydrogel Formulation Homogeneity, pH Measurement, Drug Content, Viscosity, Spreadability, In-Vitro Permeation, FT-IR Studies. Results revealed that the present investigation, tramadol was successfully incorporated into different gel formulations. Among all gel formulations, tramadol gel (F13) proved to be the formula of choice, showing good characteristics and controlling the drug release for long period of time. Gel formulation F13 could be very promising and innovative topical alternative for pain management and arthritis and play a vital role in drug efficiency. These findings may open new avenues for the treatment through dermal by local application of tailored gel. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are recommended to support its efficiency claims in humans.

Keywords: Tramadol HCl; In-Vitro Permeation; Hydrogel; FT-IR Studies; Characterization
Creams: A Review on Classification, Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications
Authors: Chauhan Lalita , Gupta Shalini
Published: October 2020

Creams are considered an important part of cosmetic product as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. From cosmetic purposes, Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. These semi solid preparations are safe to use by the public and society. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. However, the natural healing process can take time and there is also risk of infection especially in the early stages of injury. In such cases, medicated creams can be applied to the site of injury to speed up the healing process as well as protect the wound from infection. In this review, we have focused on the use of topical drug delivery system i.e. pharmaceutical creams for wound healing with detailed discussion relating to the wound healing process, suitable methods of preparation of creams, their classification based on their function, their advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and the various types of creams, ingredients used in the formulation of creams and their various evaluation parameters.

Keywords: Creams, Skin, Topical drug delivery system, Wound healing
Estatuto da forma cê: clítico ou palavra?
Authors: Barbosa Liliane Pereira
Published: October 2020

O fato de investigações considerarem cê um clítico pronominal sintático e a constatação da possibilidade de esta forma aparecer em posições em que um clítico não aparece fizeram-nos questionar o seu caráter. Assim, baseados em dados extraídos da literatura atestada e publicada, além de construções do dialeto do Norte de Minas, constatamos, fundamentados na teoria da Cliticização e na Fonologia Prosódica, que cê se comporta não como clítico, mas como palavra plena. Ademais, propusemos, ancorados, ainda, na Fonologia Prosódica, que a atonicidade percebida em cê está no nível da frase e não da palavra. Nesse viés, a sua ausência de tonicidade ocorre em razão da possibilidade de alternância de proeminência acentual no nível da frase entoacional, que, por se relacionar a aspectos semânticos, sintáticos e de desempenho do falante, determina nó forte ou fraco a cê, ou seja, sua posição forte ou fraca na sentença.
Relexification scope and the limits of full transfer full access hypothesis in second language acquisition
Authors: Correa Paulo Antonio Pinheiro
Published: October 2020

O escopo da relexificação e os limites da hipótese da transferência total acesso total na aquisição de segunda línguaEste artigo analisa o caso de quedar(se), pseudo-cópula típica da interlíngua de brasileiros falantes de espanhol não nativo. Essa entrada lexical combina propriedades sintáticas e semânticas do seu elemento correspondente em Português Brasileiro, a L1 dos falantes, e a representação fonológica da suposta contraparte do Espanhol. Este elemento mantém-se na interlíngua até o seu estágio estável e é analisado aqui como um caso de relexificação (LEFEBVRE 1997), um processo universal presente em várias situações de contato lingüístico, entre elas, Aquisição de Segunda Língua.---Artigo em inglês
Da problemática do método ao método como problema: hermenêutica filosófica e a questão do compreender
Authors: Duque-Estrada Paulo Cesar
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende oferecer uma apresentação sintética de uma parte da longa narrativa histórico-filosófica desenvolvida em Verdade e Método, na qual Gadamer se refere ao aparecimento do ideal de método no decorrer da história da hermenêutica clássica. O objetivo aqui perseguido é situar a incompatibilidade existente, segundo Gadamer, entre, por um lado, o ideal de método voltado para o tratamento de objetos históricos e, por outro, o fato deste mesmo ideal de método encontrar-se originariamente enraizado no modelo romântico da interação entre indivíduos pertencentes a uma mesma experiência histórica.
Aquisição da linguagem: palavras iniciais
Authors: Abraçado Jussara , Kenedy Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Artigo introdutório do tema da revista.
Descobrindo novas palavras no fluxo da fala: o impacto da prosódia na aquisição lexical
Authors: Name Maria Cristina
Published: October 2020

Discute-se o papel da informação prosódica na aquisição lexical por crianças adquirindo o português do Brasil, tendo por foco elementos da categoria lexical ADJ(etivo). Assume-se que a fala se organiza em constituintes prosódicos hierarquicamente dispostos, parcialmente sensíveis à estrutura sintática, e defende-se que adultos e crianças usam pistas prosódicas para o reconhecimento da posição do adjetivo no DP (Experimento 1), identificam pseudopalavras como novos adjetivos (Experimento 2) e atribuem valor subjetivo ao realce prosódico do adjetivo anteposto a N (Experimento 3). Discutem-se os resultados obtidos à luz de modelos de processamento comprometidos com a aquisição de linguagem.
A interpretação dos numerais na aquisição da linguagem
Authors: Marcilese Mercedes , Augusto Marina Rosa Ana , Corrêa Letícia Maria Sicuro
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda questões relativas à aquisição dos numerais. Diferentes perspectivas para dar conta do mapeamento entre as quantidades percebidas pela criança e os itens correspondêntes na sequência dos numerais são apresentadas. Um experimento de compreesão com crianças de 3 e 4 anos de idade, visando a avaliar o tipo de interpretação preferida para os numerias, é reportado. Os resultados são compatíveis com a ideia de que, mesmo que em certos contextos numerais possam receber leituras escalares ou aproximadas, esses itens são associados desde cedo pela criança a quantidades exatas. Essa infomação pode ser crucial para explicar o processo de aquisição desses elementos.
Melancolia da desconstrução
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Marangon (tradução) Vicentina
Published: October 2020

O artigo se interessa pelas análises que Derrida consagrou ao “trabalho do luto”, nas quais, tomando como referência a psicanálise, o filósofo distinguia o processo “normal” do luto, baseado numa absorção do objeto perdido, e suas formas patológicas em que ele subsiste como resto inassimilável, que retorna para assombrar o eu como um espectro. Paradoxalmente, o fracasso do trabalho de luto respeitaria mais o Outro morto do que o luto normal ou “exitoso”, e essa preferência de Derrida pelas patologias do luto seria confirmada por “uma melancolia da desconstrução”, reveladora de uma impossibilidade de “fazer o seu luto” da metafísica ocidental. Esta travessia crítica da desconstrução tem no seu horizonte, assim, por uma espécie de parricídio filosófico, que é também uma última homenagem prestada ao mestre morto.
Poética do caos: a conquista de Babel
Authors: Vianna Neto Arnaldo Rosa
Published: October 2020

Do conflito entre as lógicas ocidental e crioula surgem debates sobre o uso da língua francesa por escritores de países francófonos. Patrick Chamoiseau discute o tema em sua obra, onde a palavra poética aparece como um “lugar” fora do tempo e do espaço, no qual todas as línguas francesas se encontram.
Rumo a uma geografia literária
Authors: Collot Michel , Alves Ida
Published: October 2020

Texto original em francês por Michel Collot, traduzido por Ida Alves. Questionamento sobre pressupostos, implicações e metódos de uma geografia literária, demons­trando a produtividade desse campo de pesquisa. Relações interdisciplinares em torno da paisagem, descrição e discussão de seus principais trajetos teórico-críticos como a geocrítica e a geopoética. O espaço, na escrita literária, como expressão de valores e de significações de um imaginário, por­tador de um potencial considerável de invenção linguística e formal. O espaço, representações e percepções, como critério para uma mudança de paradigma científico.
Crônicas da França equinocial: imaginários dos religiosos franceses na Amazônia oriental no século dezessete
Authors: Fernandes José Guilherme dos Santos
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se propõe a tratar dos imaginários, e suas representações narrativas e imagéticas, transplantados na colonização da Amazônia brasileira no decorrer do século XVII utilizados pelos religiosos franceses e portugueses, em suas crônicas, a fim de traduzir para o Velho Mundo as paisagens e os costumes e aparências dos nativos americanos. Em particular, apresentaremos os relatos dos padres capuchos acerca do Maranhão, mediante a construção de um imaginário paradi­síaco do território, mas que apresentava uma po­pulação selvagem que necessitava de um messias para conduzi-la à verdade e a Deus. Utilizaremos as obras de Claude d’Abbeville e Yves d’Évreux na exegese, pois estes foram religiosos que pro­duziram crônicas mais significativas sobre a presença dos colonizadores na Amazônia Oriental no período. Para a análise dos textos utilizaremos referências da narratologia, da análise do discurso e dos estudos históricos.
Reflexões sobre Literatura e Pós-humanismo
Authors: Torres Sonia , Oliveira Maria Lúcia Wiltshire de
Published: October 2020

sem resumo
O humanismo de E.M. Forster em The Machine Stops (1909)
Authors: Moraes Helvio
Published: October 2020

Ao longo de sua carreira de romancista, ensaísta ou crítico da Literatura, E. M. Forster sempre manifestou um grande descontentamento em relação às constantes e abruptas mudanças ocorridas após o advento da Primeira Grande Guerra. Contudo, podemos observar, em seus primeiros escritos, anteriores a 1914, uma veemente defesa de certos princípios humanistas contra os quais o mundo moderno se insurgirá e dos quais o romancista já parece ter uma lúcida percepção. É o que pretendo evidenciar com a leitura de The Machine Stops (A máquina para), conto escrito em 1909 e uma de suas poucas incursões no gênero literário da ficção científica e da distopia.
The Disappearance of Canada: Margaret Atwood’s Transnational Turn and Ustopianism
Authors: Braz Albert
Published: October 2020

Este artigo analisa a maneira como os romances distópicos recentes de Margaret Atwood, Órix e Crex e O ano do dilúvio, refletem uma virada para o transnacional na sua ficção, que é significante  em relação aos seus escritos antigos e à  sua imagem pública de nacionalista cultural Canadense.---Artigo em inglês
Lobo Antunes: do Naturalismo ao Pós-humanismo
Authors: Ferreira Ermelinda Maria Araújo
Published: October 2020

A Teoria Queer emergiu nos Estados Unidos em fins da década de 1980, em oposição aos estudos sociológicos sobre gênero. Surgidos em departamentos não diretamente ligados às investigações sociais – como os de Filosofia e de Crítica Literária – os estudos queer problematizam concepções clássicas de identidade, inspirando-se nos conceitos e métodos de obras de Michel Foucault e de Jacques Derrida para propor o rompimento com a concepção cartesiana do sujeito “humanista”, como base de uma ontologia e de uma epistemologia “pós-humanas”. Lidando com enfoques teóricos cujas delimitações ainda são difusas e reúnem pouco consenso quanto à legitimidade de sua efetiva utilização, este ensaio busca dar conta dos radicais desafios propostos à crítica pelo romance Que farei quando tudo arde?, de António Lobo Antunes.
UM ‘CORPUS’ ANOTADO DE CONSTRUÇÕES COM VERBO-SUPORTE EM PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Rassi Amanda Pontes , Baptista Jorge , Vale Oto Araújo
Published: October 2020

As construções com verbo‑suporte (CVS) são um tipo de construção nominal, em que o predicador central é o nome, chamado de nome predicativo (Npred), e este é auxiliado por um verbo, chamado verbo-suporte (Vsup). A abordagem utilizada para a descrição e formalização das CVS, neste artigo, é o Léxico‑Gramática. Tendo em vista as diferenças sintáticas e semânticas das CVS em relação a outros tipos de construções, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a metodologia e os resultados da construção de um corpus anotado com construções de Vsup e de Npred. Foi construída uma lista com 4.668 CVS, considerando‑se 45 variantes de Vsup e cerca de 3.200 Npred diferentes. A partir dessa lista de CVS, foram extraídas 121.198 frases do corpus PLN.Br Full, das quais foi anotada e revista manualmente uma amostra com 2.646 frases, que constituem o corpus de referência para o tratamento de CVS em Português. Esse corpus de referência poderá ser utilizado como golden standard para avaliar tarefas automáticas de identificação, extração ou classificação de CVS ou ainda para outras aplicações de Processamento Automático de Língua Natural (PLN).
MOVIMENTOS RETÓRICOS EM PRODUÇÕES ESCRITAS NO EXAME CELPE-BRAS
Authors: Dell'Isola Regina Lúcia Péret , Tosatti Natália Moreira
Published: October 2020

Este artigo visa a apresentar resultado de pesquisa em que se investigou a execução de uma tarefa específica por meio da qual examinandos que prestaram o Celpe-Bras foram levados a comprovar seu nível de proficiência na variante brasileira da língua portuguesa. Com base na teoria de Swales (1994, 1998) e na concepção de gênero como ação social, tal como propôs Bazerman (1994, 2005), foram analisadas 35 cartas do leitor produzidas pelos examinandos da segunda aplicação do exame Celpe-Bras no ano de 2008.  Ao realizarem a tarefa IV que consistia em ler uma reportagem da revista “Istoé” e escrever um texto para ser publicado na seção de cartas do leitor da mesma revista, verificou-se diversidade de modos de produção discursiva. discursiva. Com a finalidade de avaliar a qualidade da produção escrita, foram analisados os movimentos retóricos de cada um dos textos produzidos e verificou-se o nível de conhecimento linguístico discursivo desses examinandos. Constatou-se que, na seção de contato, os examinandos optaram por diferentes formas de abertura em que se observa variedade de níveis de formalidade. No núcleo da carta, muitos optaram pela contextualização seguida de questionamento dos argumentos apresentados e da apresentação de ponto de vista favorável ao uso do telefone celular, em diferentes níveis de proficiência, mas houve uma preocupação geral em todas as cartas do nosso corpus em atender ao comando do enunciado da tarefa. Entretanto, na seção de fechamento, verificou-se que em 15 cartas os examinandos finalizaram com o encerramento, sem o desfecho. Dessas, constatamos que apenas em nove cartas cabia esse procedimento discursivo. Finalmente, em 20 cartas consta encerramento seguido de desfecho. Praticamente todas apresentaram problemas de coerência discursiva, tendo sido empregados diferentes níveis de formalidade entre a abertura e o desfecho. Em poucas cartas verificamos coerência entre os três movimentos retóricos, ou três seções (contato, núcleo e fechamento).
O CANIBALISMO COMO APROPRIAÇÃO CULTURAL: DE CALIBAN AO "MANIFESTO ANTROPÓFAGO"
Authors: Jobim José Luís
Published: October 2020

Nesse artigo, vamos apresentar e discutir sinteticamente a circulação literária e cultural das ideias sobre canibalismo como apropriação cultural, passando por Caliban e seu uso no debate europeu e latino-americano, até chegar ao Manifesto Antropófago, de Oswald de Andrade.