bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Dangerous Government”
Authors: Catlaw Thomas J. , Sandberg Billie
Published: November 2012

There has been much debate about the change Barack Obama represents. This article considers this question by using Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality to explore the underlying governmental rationality of his administration’s policies and management practices. Obama’s governmentality is examined via the Open Government Directive, arguably the central initiative of the administration. The article concludes that this governmentality may be viewed as a mutation within neoliberalism, which the authors call info-liberalism—one that deploys a novel, integrative conception of social government. Info-liberalism is examined in conjunction with the contemporary usage of the term governance to analyze more broadly the dynamics of government and citizen participation today.
Beyond New Public Governance
Authors: Bao Guoxian , Wang Xuejun , Larsen Gary L. , Morgan Douglas F.
Published: November 2012

This article proposes a value-based model for performance management, governance, and public service leadership development. There are three distinguishing features of this model. First, the model is the product of considerable research and curricular “field-testing” with academic partners in the United States, China, Vietnam, and Japan. Second, the model deliberately integrates an emphasis on values, leadership, management, and governance into an organic framework that addresses many of the criticisms that have been made of New Public Management. Third, the model incorporates differences in the values and structures of authority among political settings, thus making it applicable across a wide variety of regimes.
Backward inference and pruning for RDF change detection using RDBMS
Authors: Im Dong-Hyuk , Lee Sang-Won , Kim Hyoung-Joo
Published: November 2012

Recent studies on change detection for RDF data have focused on minimizing the delta size and, as a way to exploit the semantics of RDF models in reducing the delta size, the forward-chaining inferences have been widely employed. However, since the forward-chaining inferences should pre-compute the entire closure of the RDF model, the existing approaches are not scalable to large RDF data sets. In this paper, we propose a scalable change detection scheme for RDF data, which is based on backward-chaining inference and pruning. Our scheme, instead of pre-computing the full closure, computes only the necessary closure on the fly, thus achieving fast and scalable change detection. In addition, for any two RDF data input files to be compared, the delta obtained from our scheme is always equivalent to the one from the existing forward-chaining inferences. In addition, in order to handle RDF data sets too large to fit in the available RAM, we present an SQL-based implementation of our scheme. Our experimental results show that our scheme, in comparison to the existing schemes, can reduce the number of inference triples for RDF change detection by 10–60%.
Online copyright enforcement by Internet Service Providers
Authors: Muir Adrienne
Published: November 2012

The culture of online sharing of information on the Internet extends to unauthorized sharing of copyright content, and is perceived as a major threat to copyright owners and content industries. Enforcement of existing copyright laws is difficult owing to the widespread nature of unauthorized sharing. Rights holders have pursued individuals and organizations involved through existing legal channels, with limited success. They have also engaged in voluntary arrangements with Internet Service Providers to educate and, potentially, punish infringers. Governments have more recently become involved in developing new legislation with similar aims. The approaches to addressing the issue have been controversial, mainly because of lack of transparency in their development and concerns about their potential impact on the rights of individuals. The approaches to addressing online copyright infringement are described. The nature of the policy-making process and its impact on how legal measures are perceived are analysed. The potential impact of measures on the rights of subscribers is discussed. A key conclusion is that new measures to combat unauthorized file sharing need not, in principle, adversely affect the balance between rights, but the design and implementation of legal measures do raise concerns in terms of necessity and proportionality.
Rethinking the liaisons between Intellectual Capital Management and Knowledge Management
Authors: Hendriks Paul H.J. , Sousa Célio A.A.
Published: November 2012

Intellectual Capital Management (ICM) and Knowledge Management (KM), two highly popular topics in current management discussions, are often bracketed together. The common understanding of ICM is that concepts of measurement, reporting and valuation most distinctively define this perspective, whereas KM connects debates about organizational knowledge with possibilities and limitations of management. That raises the question of how the management focus on knowledge in KM discussions is connected to the valuation and measurement approaches of ICM. An extensive review of the literature shows that knowledge plays a background role in Intellectual Capital (IC) measurement discussions. Referral to knowledge as an intangible asset appears more rhetorical than based on in-depth understanding of what knowledge as an organizational resource or capability is or is not. More particularly, the predominant view of knowledge in IC measurement discussions is a neo-functionalist, possession approach, even if flow elements of knowledge are used to supplement stock elements. Critical understanding of knowledge, for instance, as practice-based dispute, are virtually absent from the ICM discussions. What the blind spots identified in the review highlight is that ICM and KM discussions, which are presently mostly developed in isolation, should set up more meaningful and elaborated liaisons than are currently established. Two important areas for building such liaisons include (1) the perusal of the contextual, possibly disputed and power-related nature of knowledge in relation to measurement and (2) developing a systematic approach to understanding what measuring or not measuring does to organizational knowledge.
Metabolomics
Authors: Montanez Jessica E. , Peters Jeffrey M. , Correll Jared B. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Patterson Andrew D.
Published: November 2012

The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear hormone transcription factors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) is regulated by a wide array of ligands including natural and synthetic chemicals. PPARs have important roles in control of energy metabolism and are known to influence inflammation, differentiation, carcinogenesis, and chemical toxicity. As such, PPARs have been targeted as therapy for common disorders such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. The recent application of metabolomics, or the global, unbiased measurement of small molecules found in biofluids, or extracts from cells, tissues, or organisms, has advanced our understanding of the varied and important roles that the PPARs have in normal physiology as well as in pathophysiological processes. Continued development and refinement of analytical platforms, and the application of new bioinformatics strategies, have accelerated the widespread use of metabolomics and have allowed further integration of small molecules into systems biology. Recent studies using metabolomics to understand PPARα function, as well as to identify PPARα biomarkers associated with drug efficacy/toxicity and drug-induced liver injury, will be discussed.
Collaboration, Public-Private Intermediary Organizations, and the Transformation of Advocacy in the Field of Homeless Services
Authors: Mosley Jennifer E.
Published: November 2012

Participation in collaborative advocacy organizations is one of the most common advocacy tactics pursued by nonprofit organizations. However, field-level dynamics and norms around collaboration may be changing with the growth of public-private intermediary organizations. Using a lens that brings together theories of structuration and institutional entrepreneurship, this research investigates (a) how intermediary organizations structure advocacy opportunities and institutionalize new advocacy practices at the field level, and (b) how member organizations interpret those opportunities and practices. Qualitative findings from a regional homeless services policy field demonstrate that intermediary organizations gain members and thus, power, based on their position in the policy field and through their ability to connect members to valuable government contacts. In this field, participation in public-private intermediary organizations has surpassed involvement in traditional advocacy coalitions as providers are motivated to meet organizational legitimacy goals as much as advocacy goals.
The hand of the DLR Hand Arm System: Designed for interaction
Authors: Grebenstein Markus , Chalon Maxime , Friedl Werner , Haddadin Sami , Wimböck Thomas , Hirzinger Gerd , Siegwart Roland
Published: November 2012

Physical human–robot interaction implies the intersection of human and robot workspaces and intrinsically favors collision. The robustness of the most exposed parts, such as the hands, is crucial for effective and complete task execution of a robot. Considering the scales, we think that the robustness can only be achieved by the use of energy storage mechanisms, e.g. in elastic elements. The use of variable stiffness drives provides a low-pass filtering of impacts and allows stiffness adjustments depending on the task. However, using these drive principles does not guarantee the safety of the human due to the dramatically increased dynamics of such system. The design methodology of an antagonistically tendon-driven hand is explained. The resulting hand, very close to its human archetype in terms of size, weight, and, in particular, grasping performance, robustness, and dynamics, is presented. The hyper-actuated hand is a research platform that will also be used to investigate the importance of mechanical couplings and, in future projects, be the basis of a simplified hand that would still perform daily manipulation tasks.
Migraine is a risk factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chu Chia-Huei , Liu Chia-Jen , Fuh Jong-Ling , Shiao An-Suey , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: November 2012

Background

The pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is poorly understood. Few case reports have proposed a possible link between migraine and SSNHL.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the risk of idiopathic SSNHL in patients with migraine in a nationwide, population-based cohort study.

Methods

We identified patients with migraine from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2000 and 2009. Each migraine patient was matched with four randomly selected subjects without migraine for age, sex, and comorbidities. Both cohorts were followed up until the end of 2009. We compared the incidence rates of SSNHL in the two cohorts and identified the risk factors.

Results

A total of 10,280 migraine patients and 41,120 matched controls were enrolled with a median follow-up of five years. The migraine cohort had a greater risk of developing SSNHL than the matched cohort (81.6 vs. 45.7 per 100,000 person-years, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–2.61, p = 0.002). The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that among migraine subjects, comorbidity with hypertension was associated with a trend of developing SSNHL (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.92, 95% CI 0.97–3.79, p = 0.06).

Conclusions

This population-based study demonstrates that migraine is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic SSNHL, which, however, is a rare condition.
SUNCT, SUNA and pituitary tumors: Clinical characteristics and treatment
Authors: Chitsantikul Prin , Becker Werner J
Published: November 2012

Background

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are rare types of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs).

Objective

To describe a series of patients with SUNCT and SUNA including relationship to pituitary tumors.

Method

All patients diagnosed with SUNCT or SUNA in the Calgary Headache Assessment and Management Program were reviewed.

Results

Six patients (five SUNCTs and one SUNA) were identified. The pain was severe, sharp, showed fixed-laterality, involved mainly the orbito-fronto-temporal region and was associated with autonomic symptoms. Attack duration ranged from 3 to 300 seconds and frequency was 1–200 paroxysms/day. MRI showed ipsilateral pituitary adenomas to the pain in five out of five of the SUNCT patients. Patients with adenomas underwent surgery. Pathology included three prolactinomas, and one mixed adenoma and gangliocytoma. One patient has remained headache free for 4 years after surgery. One was pain free for a year, and then headaches returned with tumor recurrence. Another had major improvement, and two have not improved. Patients were generally refractory to medications.

Conclusion

All five of our patients with typical SUNCT had pituitary tumors, with headache ipsilateral to the pituitary tumors in all cases. Tumor removal provided major improvement in three out of five patients. Medical treatment was only partially effective.
Backlash From the Bedroom
Authors: Conley Terri D. , Ziegler Ali , Moors Amy C.
Published: November 2012

Harsher judgments toward women (relative to men) for engaging in similar heterosexual sexual activity have been termed the sexual double standard. Within heterosexual casual sex scenarios, we examined whether the sexual double standard can be explained by desire to avoid counterstereotypical behaviors for fear of social repercussions (i.e., backlash effects). Study 1a showed that female casual sex accepters received more opprobrium than male accepters. Study 1b demonstrated that women were less likely to accept casual sex offers than men and that the gender difference was partially mediated by the more negative judgments women anticipated for accepting the casual sex offer. In Study 2a, participants recalled real-life sexual proposals; women expected to be perceived more negatively than men for accepting an offer of casual sex. Finally, in Study 2b, we demonstrated that fear of stigma mediates gender differences in acceptance of actual recalled casual sex offers. Across the four studies and nearly 3,000 participants, ranging in age from 18 to 74, we examined the role of stigma in men and women’s reactions to casual sex and successfully integrated two relatively independent research domains: that of sexuality on one hand, and research on the backlash effects on the other. We were also able to extend the concept of backlash to help us understand a wider range of social choices.
Daily Mood and Out-of-Home Mobility in Older Adults
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Oswald Frank , Wahl Hans-Werner , Voss Elke , Wettstein Markus
Published: November 2012

This study explores the relationship between out-of-home behavior and daily mood of community-dwelling older adults with different levels of cognitive impairment across four consecutive weeks. The sample included 16 persons with early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 30 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 95 cognitively healthy persons (CH). Using a multi-method approach, GPS tracking and daily-diary data were combined on a day-to-day basis. AD and MCI adults showed lower mood than the CH group. Whereas stronger positive links between mood and out-of-home behavior were found for AD compared to the total sample on an aggregate level, predicting daily mood by person (i.e., cognition) and occasion-specific characteristics (i.e., mobility and weekday), using multilevel regression analysis revealed no corresponding effect. In conclusion, cognitive status in old age appears to impact on mobility and mood as such, rather than on the mood and out-of-home behavior connection.
The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Homnick Tamara D. , Henning Kim M. , Swain Charlene V. , Homnick Douglas N.
Published: November 2012

Equine assisted activities (hippotherapy and therapeutic riding) improve balance in patients with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, but have not been systematically studied in older adults, at risk of falls due to balance deficits. We conducted a 10-week, single blind, controlled trial of the effect of a therapeutic horseback riding course on measures of balance in community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Nine riders and six controls completed the trial. Controls were age matched to riders and all participants were recruited from the local community. Both groups showed improvements in balance during the trial, but did not reach statistical significance. Sample size was small, participants had relatively high initial balance scores, and controls tended to increase their physical activities, likely influencing outcomes. No adverse events occurred and the supervised therapeutic riding program appeared to be a safe and effective form of exercise to improve balance in older adults. A power analysis was performed to estimate numbers of participants needed for a larger study.
Gender Sentencing of Rural Property Offenders in Iowa
Authors: Koeppel Maria D H
Published: November 2012

During recent decades, sentencing patterns of offenders based on gender have been the topic of criminological and sociological research. Particular attention has been given to the lenient sentencing of female offenders compared to male offenders. Several research studies have found that gender affects the sentencing process in ways that are advantageous to female offenders, such as lower incarceration rates and shorter prison sentences. Despite the existing research on gender and sentencing, there are still several specific areas that need to be studied regarding this topic, such as property crimes and rural areas. The current research adds to the existing literature by using data collected from five rural counties in Iowa to examine sentencing patterns of nonviolent property crimes in rural areas. Contrary to existing literature, results found gender did not have an effect on the decision to incarcerate, the sentence length, or the fine amount.
The Extent that Noncompliance with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding Influences Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Nickel Nathan Christopher , Labbok Miriam H. , Hudgens Michael G. , Daniels Julie L.
Published: November 2012

Background, Objectives:

The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding are not, as yet, the norm in the United States. This study examined how noncompliance with each of the Steps, and combinations of 2 Steps, influence duration of breastfeeding at the breast.

Methods:

Data were from the national Infant Feeding Practices Study II. The outcome was duration of any breastfeeding at the breast. Propensity scores modeled the probability of exposure to lacking 1 or more of the Ten Steps. Inverse probability weights controlled for confounding. Survival analyses estimated the relationship between the lack of a Step and breastfeeding duration.

Results:

Lack of Step 6 (No human milk substitutes) was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration, compared with being exposed to Step 6 (10.5-wk decrease). Lack of both Steps 4 (Breastfeed within 1 hour after birth) and 9 (Pacifiers), together, was related to the greatest decrease in breastfeeding duration (11.8-wk decrease). The findings supported a dose-response relationship: being exposed to 6 Steps was related to the longest median duration (48.8 wk), followed by 4 or 5 Steps (39.8 wk), followed by 2 or 3 Steps (36.4 wk).

Conclusions:

Prevalent US maternity care practices do not, as yet, include all of the Ten Steps. This lack of care may be associated with poor establishment of the physiological feedback systems that support sustained breastfeeding. Breastfeeding at the breast is compromised when specific combinations of Steps are lacking. Efforts to increase implementation of specific Steps and combinations of Steps may be associated with increased duration of breastfeeding.
Gendering Islamic Religiosity in the Second Generation
Authors: Scheible Jana A. , Fleischmann Fenella
Published: November 2012

Departing from the debate about the importance of gender ideology in the integration of Muslim minorities in Western Europe, this article studies the association between Islamic religiosity and gender ideology among second-generation Turkish and Moroccan men and women in Belgium. Islamic religiosity is conceptualized as consisting of religious identification, (partly gender-specific) religious practices, and belief orthodoxy. The comparability of this model across genders and national origin groups is tested with recently collected survey data. The association between Islamic religiosity and gender ideology is analyzed with regard to gender and ethnic differences. Taking a number of control variables into account, the analysis reveals no significant differences between national origin groups. More importantly, Islamic religiosity is found to be only weakly negatively associated with gender egalitarianism; this association is somewhat stronger for men than for women. These results challenge the alleged strong connection between Islamic religiosity and traditional gender ideology and highlight the importance of taking gender differences into account when studying religiosity among Muslim minorities in Europe.
Interorganizational Collaboration Explored Through the Bona Fide Network Perspective
Authors: Cooper Katherine R. , Shumate Michelle
Published: November 2012

This research proposes a bona fide network perspective for examining interorganizational collaboration. This perspective emphasizes that (a) network boundaries are fuzzy and membership is dynamic, (b) interorganizational networks are embedded in a complex environment that enables some configurations and constrains others, (c) interorganizational networks are multiplex and different types of relationships are mutually influential, (d) these networks are dynamically restructured over time, and (e) outcomes of networks occur at the individual and whole network levels. An interorganizational collaboration network among gender-based violence NGOs in Zambia is used as an illustrative case. Using a mixed-method design, this research finds substantial differences between donor-driven and grassroots coalitions; in addition, NGOs report a number of obstacles to collaboration and outcomes at individual and network levels.
Modeling and analyzing the effects of experimentally determined torque and thrust force on cutting tool according to drilling parameters
Authors: Küçüktürk Gökhan
Published: November 2012

Drilling is one of the most important machining processes in manufacturing industry. Recently, studies dealing with the problems encountered during drilling and their solutions have been increased. In this study, it is aimed to model and analyze the thrust forces and torques obtained experimentally according to the changes in cutting parameters during drilling processes applied to AISI 316L stainless steel material that has wide usage in industry by using finite element method. For this purpose, a number of drilling experiments were carried out, and the thrust force and torque were investigated experimentally, analyzed, and modeled depending on the cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) and cutting tool types (uncoated and TiN-/TiAlN-/TiCN-coated solid carbide drills). According to the results obtained from experimental studies, thrust force and torque had a tendency to increase subject to increasing feed rates. These parameters had a tendency to decrease in coated tools, while there was no important change in uncoated tools according to increasing cutting speed. According to the results of the analyses, total deformation increased with increasing cutting speed and thrust force for both in coated and uncoated cutting tools. It was seen that developed model can be used successfully in forecasting the results of the analyses.
Tolerance range section of topologically optimized structure using combined array design of experiments approach
Authors: Javed Arshad , Rout BK
Published: November 2012

Topology optimization is a popular method to optimize the material for structural components. For minimum compliance problem, the effectiveness of the obtained topology is characterized by its compliance value. Here, compliance value depends on many factors. Due to uncertainties in these factors, desired compliance value is difficult to achieve. The sensitivities of these factors have already been investigated by researchers. Present work focuses on the selection and the significance of tolerance of these factors. The tolerance of input factors like applied force, volume fraction, aspect ratio of material domain and modulus of elasticity are selected to investigate the effect on compliance. To select tolerance range, the concept of inner and outer orthogonal arrays proposed by Taguchi is employed along with solid isotropic microstructure with penalization method of topology optimization. Different tolerance ranges are selected for each factor and tolerance combinations are generated using inner array. Thereafter outer array is used to create replications of a particular combination. For each replicate, compliance value is simulated using solid isotropic microstructure with penalization method. Based on statistical analysis of obtained values, significant factors are identified and optimal tolerance ranges are selected. In similar way, maximum deflection values are also simulated for analysis. Proposed methodology is applied on four different benchmark problems. The presented approach provides the effect of each possible set of tolerance on performance functions, which are compliance and deflection values. This work will be helpful to designers to select optimum tolerance of factors to achieve desired compliance value and performance for a topologically optimized structure prior to manufacturing in the realistic environment.
Microwave drying behaviour of apple slices
Authors: Çelen Soner , Kahveci Kamil
Published: November 2012

In this study, microwave drying behaviour of apple slices was investigated experimentally to determine the effect of microwave power on drying, energy consumption and colour quality. Microwave drying behaviour was simulated by a theoretical drying model. Suitability of several empirical and semi-empirical models in defining the microwave drying behaviour of apple slices was determined by statistical analysis. The experimental results show that the drying time, energy consumption and the colour quality of apple slices decrease considerably with an increase of microwave power. The modelling results indicate that theoretical model simulates microwave drying behaviour of apple slices very well and among the empirical and semi-empirical models, the Page model yields the best fit with the experimental data. The modelling results also show that the excess pressure inside the apple slices shows first an increasing trend and then begins to decrease as the moisture content takes lower values.
The application of an enhanced Brute Force algorithm to minimise energy costs and train delays for differing railway train control systems
Authors: Zhao Ning , Roberts Clive , Hillmansen Stuart
Published: November 2012

This paper demonstrates an enhanced Brute Force algorithm application for optimising the driving speed curve by trading off reductions in energy usage against increases in delay penalty. A simulator is used to compare the train operation performance with different train control system configurations when implemented on a section of high-speed line operating with two trains, including differences in journey time and train energy consumption. Results are presented using six different train control system configurations combined with three different operating priorities. Analysis of the results shows that the operation performance can be improved by eliminating the interactions between trains using advanced control systems or optimal operating priorities. The algorithm is shown to achieve the objectives efficiently and accurately. Control system configurations with intermediate levels of complexity (e.g. European Train Control System Levels 2 and 1 with in-fill) when coupled with the optimisation process have been shown to have similar performance to the more advanced control system.
Facial Self-Imitation
Authors: Cook Richard , Johnston Alan , Heyes Cecilia
Published: November 2012

Imitation of facial gestures requires the cognitive system to equate the seen-but-unfelt with the felt-but-unseen. Rival accounts propose that this “correspondence problem” is solved either by an innate supramodal mechanism (the active intermodal-mapping, or AIM, model) or by learned, direct links between the corresponding visual and proprioceptive representations of actions (the associative sequence-learning, or ASL, model). Two experiments tested these alternative models using a new technology that permits, for the first time, the automated objective measurement of imitative accuracy. Euclidean distances, measured in image-derived principal component space, were used to quantify the accuracy of adult participants’ attempts to replicate their own facial expressions before, during, and after training. Results supported the ASL model. In Experiment 1, participants reliant solely on proprioceptive feedback got progressively worse at self-imitation. In Experiment 2, participants who received visual feedback that did not match their execution of facial gestures also failed to improve. However, in both experiments, groups that received visual feedback contingent on their execution of facial gestures showed progressive improvement.
Geographical Agglomeration of Indian and Chinese Multinationals in Europe: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Yang Zhi , Van Den Bulcke Daniel
Published: November 2012

The outward FDI from emerging economies to developed countries has generated much interest among international business researchers and policy makers, especially with regard to their location and sectoral patterns. On the basis of a large pan-European firm level dataset, this study provides a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of Indian and Chinese companies operating in Europe in general and their geographical agglomeration in particular. The study focuses on the impact of firm specific advantages on the co-location of Indian and Chinese multinationals in Europe. A non-parametric statistic test is carried out to complete the analysis.
A Comparative Study of Technology and Industry Clusters of SMEs in India
Authors: Thomas Rani Maria , Narayanan K. , Ramanathan A.
Published: November 2012

This article attempts to compare the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) belonging to industry and technology clusters in India. They are compared in terms of the technological efforts, nature of competition, competitive strategy, outward orientation, research and development intensity and export intensity. First part of the article gives the economics of clustering and the second part analyses the inter-cluster differences, if any, between the firms belonging to 13 clusters drawn from Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram. The analysis reveals that the firms in the technology cluster are more outward oriented and R and D intensive compared to their counterparts in the industry cluster. They also differ in terms of the type of competitors and the competitive strategies. While the firms in the technology cluster face competition from established foreign firms, those in the industry cluster from established local firms. Process innovations are used by firms in the technology cluster whereas productivity improvements are used by firms in the industry cluster for sustaining competitive advantage. In the regression analysis, the nature of cluster, use of technology/business collaboration (Networking) and market share emerge as significant variables in explaining the R and D intensity of firms. Export intensity is explained by the R and D intensity and scale of operation.
Productivity Dynamics in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Plant-level Panel Data
Authors: Kamiike Atsuko , Sato Takahiro , Aggarwal Aradhna
Published: November 2012

This article investigates the effects of plants’ dynamics on productivity growth in the Indian pharmaceutical industry across five regions, north, northwest, west, south, and the rest of India, during the period from 2000–01 to 2005–06, using the unit-level panel database drawn from the Annual Survey of Industries. The selected regions differ in the degree and age of agglomeration of the pharmaceutical industry. The empirical analysis is based on the decomposition methodology of aggregate productivity growth. This methodology decomposes productivity growth between two points in time into the contribution from four broad factors: improvement in incumbents’ productivity (within effect), reallocation of resources from less productive to more productive producers (reallocation effect), entry of more productive firms (entry effect), and exit of less productive firms (exit effect). Our empirical findings reveal that productivity growth is relatively higher in the agglomerated regions. Furthermore, the effects of plant dynamics on productivity growth differ with the age of the agglomeration. Rather large positive entry effects are found in the region where the formation of agglomeration is a recent phenomenon. In the mature region, reallocation effects of surviving plants are large and robustly positive. In other areas, however, ‘within effects’ of surviving plants are robustly positive.
Labour Market in Urban Agglomerations: A Case from an Indian Global City
Authors: Paul G.D. Bino , M. Krishna
Published: November 2012

The article explores salient features of the link between labour market and urban agglomeration, using National Sample Survey unit level data and field data. To capture the role of labour market in urban agglomeration, the authors present a case study of Peenya Industrial Estate of Bangalore, India considered to be the largest industrial estate in South Asia. An interesting pattern that emerges is that the odds in favour of participating in the formal work are much higher for persons with technical education in global cities in India. The nature of the labour market for highly skilled occupations is distinct from the labour market for low-skilled occupations, showing different flexibility conditions. While firms tend to use simple ways for lower occupations, strategies like referrals are applied to source persons for higher occupations. Obtaining job information through informal sources like social contact does not turn out to be the significant determinant of odds in favour of on-the-job-search. As shown by the results, on-the-job search is rather driven by basic demographic variables like age, showing a discernibly inverse relation. Moreover, this inference is limited to the group of workers.
Factors Contributing to Engagement During the Initial Stages of Treatment for Psychosis
Authors: Stewart Katherine D.
Published: November 2012

There is a growing international effort to improve the rate of engagement with young people needing early treatment for psychosis. In this article I describe how a sample of 30 young people, who successfully engaged in treatment for a first episode of psychosis, experienced the process of engagement during the initial stages of care. Using a grounded theory approach and purposive sampling, I found that the nature of relationships among young patients and care providers is a factor that influences engagement. I also found that the transition between initial treatment and community care is a critical time for engagement. The success of this transition is marked by contact with client-centered-care providers and a supportive peer group culture.
The Journal of Music Teacher Education
Authors: Killian Janice N. , Liu Jing , Reid John F.
Published: November 2012

We analyzed each article published in 20 years (1991–2011) of the Journal of Music Teacher Education ( N = 282 articles) for possible changes across 5-year increments. All articles were examined by type of article, research methodologies used, and topics discussed. Nonrefereed articles included Society for Music Teacher Education chair and Journal of Music Teacher Education editor commentaries ( n = 77), and occasional statements by Music Educators National Conference (MENC)/National Association for Music Education (NAfME) officers ( n = 3). Peer-reviewed articles were classified as research articles ( n = 85), interest articles ( n = 99), and book reviews ( n = 18). Results showed a distinct increase in numbers of both quantitative ( n = 51) and qualitative ( n = 34 including historical) research articles over time with most appearing in the fourth quarter. Overall, more interest articles appeared ( n = 99), but the number decreased across each 5-year increment. Numbers of book reviews declined steadily. Analysis of specific topics revealed that curriculum, teaching techniques, and professional development were most frequently discussed but varied by type of article and methodology.
The Role of Parental and Child Motivation in the Intergenerational Transmission of Values in East Germany and Shanghai/China
Authors: Schönpflug Ute , Yan Song
Published: November 2012

Intergenerational intrafamilial transmission is a process by which acquired information passes from parent to offspring. This investigation examined mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of individualistic and collectivistic values in two societies: East Germany and the Shanghai region in China. To clarify the impact of transmission from mother and father to child, the study analyzed the filter model suggested by Schönpflug, which is based on parental and child’s value orientation, each family member’s motivation in the transmission process and the value climate of the social context. Two matched samples consisting of 216 complete families with one adolescent child in each family participated in both regions. The two-dimensional structure of ten values indicating individualism and collectivism of the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) developed by Schwartz, Lehman, and Roccas differed somewhat in both regions for adolescents and their fathers, but not for mothers. The level of individualism was higher than collectivism in East Germany, and higher than in the region of Shanghai/China. The level of collectivism was higher than individualism in the Chinese region and than in East Germany. In this mid-European region, only mothers transmitted exclusively individualistic value orientation. In Chinese families, the father was a more influential transmitter of individualistic and collectivistic orientation, and mothers were not influential. Parental motivation to transmit individualism was a significant mediating variable in both samples; parental motivation to transmit collectivism mediated only between Chinese fathers’ and their children’s collectivism.
Solidarities and tensions: Feminism and transnational LGBTQ politics in Poland
Authors: Binnie Jon , Klesse Christian
Published: November 2012

This article explores the significance of feminism in transnational activism around LGBTQ protest events, namely equality marches and associated festivals in Kraków, Poznań and Warsaw in Poland. The arguments advanced in this article are based on a multi-method qualitative research project focusing on transnational cooperation in the planning and realization of LGBTQ protest events in Poland, conducted in the years 2008–2009. The authors highlight the decisively coalitional nature of the activist networks around LGBTQ politics in some of the locations studied. They argue that feminists are core actors in these ‘networked solidarities’ around the oppression and marginalization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and transgender people both in local and transnational contexts. Solidarity is a concept used by many research participants to account for their political actions and to rationalize intra- and intergroup dynamics shaped by complex webs of differences. The authors draw on postcolonial feminist discussions on the limits and potentialities of politics of solidarity as a ‘politics of location’ to account for tensions which some activists reported regarding their experience of ‘coalition work’. Some of these tensions related to gender politics and gender relations, always articulated in the conjunction of wider webs of power relations.
Sociodemographic effects on biological, disease care, and diabetes knowledge factors in youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Powell Priscilla W , Chen Rusan , Kumar Anil , Streisand Randi , Holmes Clarissa S
Published: November 2012

Sociodemographic risk factors place youth with type 1 diabetes at higher risk for immediate and long-term health complications, yet research has still to disentangle the confounding effects of ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and parental marital status. Group-oriented and variable-oriented analyses were conducted to investigate sociodemographic differences in biological, disease care, and diabetes knowledge factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. The sample included 349 youth, age 9–17 years (79.9% Caucasian, 71.3% lived with two biological parents, M SES = 46.24). Group t-tests confirmed commonly reported ethnic differences in HbA1c and disease care behaviors. However, variable-oriented analyses controlling for confounding sociodemographic influences showed most disease care effects attributed to ethnicity were better explained by SES. Results may inform development of diabetes literacy programs that integrate culturally sensitive lifestyle and language components for families of youth at risk of poor metabolic control.
Mapping intermediaries in contemporary art according to pragmatic sociology
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: November 2012

The role and number of intermediaries involved in the process of artistic mediation tend to be all the more important as the art world becomes more autonomous, ruled by specific values, words and actions. This is particularly obvious in the case of contemporary visual arts, as this article demonstrates. The example of a French member of the Nouveaux Réalistes movement helps mapping the various categories of persons, institutions, gestures, objects owing to which a piece of scrap may be offered the career of an authentic artwork. The article concludes by providing a historical explanation of the growing role of intermediaries in modern and contemporary art, and insight into current French cultural policy concerning intermediaries in the visual arts.
Art and everydayness: Popular culture and daily life in the communist Czechoslovakia
Authors: Just Daniel
Published: November 2012

This article analyzes the interaction between art and practices of everyday life in communist Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. Discussing various forms of adaptations to the politically repressive system – from photography and film to social activities such as ‘cottage homemaking’ and ‘cabining’ – the author describes ways in which popular culture under communism resisted the state-induced drive to modernize which, as a political tool, was designed to pacify the masses. The article suggests that by breaching the gap between the quotidian and the extraordinary, which as a systemic division has defined daily life in modernity, popular culture was instrumental in reinvigorating everydayness.
The art of producing consumers: A critical textual analysis of post-communist Polish advertising
Authors: Serazio Michael , Szarek Wanda
Published: November 2012

This article offers a critical textual analysis of hundreds of advertisements that appeared in Polish magazines at a pivotal historical juncture: following the collapse of communism and at the rise of a capitalist market economy in the early 1990s. It draws out from the visual and rhetorical data emblematic themes and sociocultural undercurrents concerning entrepreneurial opportunism and financial reassurance, status envy and post-rationing excess and interconnected solidarity with the West through brands and the English language itself. By studying the anxieties and aspirations represented in this symbolic material, we might better understand how new consumers were ideologically shepherded through a moment of profound political transition. The study represents a starting point for future investigation into how advertising produces its subjects in the aftermath of communism.
Human Activity Recognition via Recognized Body Parts of Human Depth Silhouettes for Residents Monitoring Services at Smart Home
Authors: Jalal Ahmad , Sarif Naeha , Kim Jeong Tai , Kim Tae-Seong
Published: November 2012

Human activity recognition (HAR) is an emerging methodology essential for smart homes with practical applications such as personal lifecare and healthcare services for the elderly and disabled people. In this work, we present a novel HAR methodology utilizing the recognized body parts of human depth silhouettes and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). We first create a database of synthetic depth silhouettes and their corresponding body parts labelled silhouettes of various human activities to train random forests (RFs). With the trained RFs, a set of 23 body parts are recognized from incoming depth silhouettes, yielding a set of centroids from the identified body parts. From the dynamics of these centroids, motion parameters are computed: a set of magnitude and directional angle features. Finally, the spatio-temporal dynamics of these motion features of various activities are used to train HMMs. We have performed HAR with the trained HMMs for six typical home activities and obtained the mean recognition rate of 97.16%. The presented HAR methodology should be useful for residents monitoring services at smart homes.
Negotiating the field: rethinking ethnographic authority, experience and the frontiers of research
Authors: Enguix Begonya
Published: November 2012

This article derives from my own fieldwork experience as a female anthropologist working in the field of gender and male sexual dissidence. Taking my early fieldwork in the 1990s as a departure point, and drawing on my recent fieldwork with Spanish Lesbian, Gay, Transsexual and Bisexual activists, I reflect on the researcher’s position, both in the field and in the construction of the field, through a discussion on ethnographic authority and management of the roles of insider/outsider. In adopting a critical perspective, I propose that the position of the researcher and of other actors in these social situations be continually and thoroughly negotiated, thus revealing the flexiblilty of the frontiers of/in research. This negotiation of positions is related to the complex process by which anthropological ‘difference’ is constructed, and to the dynamic configurations of ethnographic ‘objects’ and ‘subjects’ in fieldwork. Positions, alterations, intersections and negotiations are seen to be permeated by the rational and the emotional construction of ‘otherness’.