bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Durkheim, Bergson et la philosophie au collège de France, 1901-1958
Authors: Paoletti Giovanni
Published: April 2022

L’histoire des rapports entre Durkheim et la philosophie au Collège de France tourne autour de celui qui fut longtemps l’emblème de celle-ci : Henri Bergson. On présente d’ordinaire la relation entre les deux hommes comme une hostilité réciproque et tenace. Pourtant, si l’on y regarde de près, le tableau paraît beaucoup plus nuancé et il faut y distinguer les relations personnelles et institutionnelles, les positions théoriques et les représentations symboliques dont l’un et l’autre firent l’objet à certains moments de leurs carrières (le « durkheimisme » et le « bergsonisme »). Adopter la perspective du Collège de France en tant qu’institution, avec ses pratiques particulières (la création et la transformation des chaires, les rapports de présentation des candidats, les délibérations de l’Assemblée des professeurs), permet d’examiner de nouveau, sur plusieurs générations, un sujet qui forme un chapitre remarquable dans l’histoire de la relation entre la sociologie et la philosophie en France.
L’empreinte discrète de L’Année sociologique au Collège de France
Authors: Jeanpierre Laurent
Published: April 2022

À partir des rapports de présentation produits entre 1897, date où Durkheim échoua à rentrer au Collège de France, et 1944, date de l’élection de Maurice Halbwachs, le lieu commun historiographique d’un rejet du durkheimisme par l’institution est à nouveau soumis à l’enquête. Il apparaît que huit chercheurs affiliés, de près ou de loin, à la revue L’Année sociologique ont été élus pendant la période soumise à l’enquête. Peu à peu, ce groupe latent marque de son empreinte le Collège de France et lui rend la sociologie acceptable. Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, et tout en ayant rejeté la candidature de Durkheim, le Collège de France, simultanément à d’autres institutions, permet à la discipline nouvelle, encore marginale dans les universités, de trouver un asile scientifique. Une brève analyse des propriétés sociales des soutiens et opposants aux candidatures durkheimiennes montre que les obstacles qu’elles rencontraient sont devenus disciplinaires plus qu’idéologiques : il s’agissait de limiter les ambitions de la sociologie vis-à-vis de domaines plus établis comme la psychologie et la philosophie. L’étude de cas confirme que l’institutionnalisation et la reconnaissance de la sociologie en France sont bien postérieures à la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Durkheim et Mauss en tandem
Authors: Descola Philippe
Published: April 2022

Dans « De quelques formes primitives de classification », l’un des rares articles écrits en commun, Émile Durkheim et Marcel Mauss s’attachent à établir que les humains ne classent pas par une nécessité interne à leur entendement, ni en reproduisant un ordre observable dans la nature, mais en projetant sur les objets un modèle de classement fourni par la société et ses divisions. La réception de cet article au fil du temps par les anthropologues a été paradoxale : critiqué pour ses failles ethnographiques, et invalidé par les recherches postérieures en psychologie cognitive sur la catégorisation des objets naturels, il continue néanmoins de susciter un vif intérêt en raison de l’hypothèse qu’il propose d’un lien entre la classification des choses et la classification des groupes sociaux.
Une sortie de pandémie sans modification du carcan salarial
Authors: Conter Bernard , Faniel Jean
Published: April 2022

En 2017, le gouvernement fédéral de centre-droit a durci la loi encadrant les négociations interprofessionnelles bisannuelles. Les syndicats dénoncent une limitation intenable des hausses de salaires tandis que le patronat estime cette loi vitale pour maintenir la compétitivité des entreprises. Ni les appels à plus de justice sociale émis au début de la pandémie, ni les mobilisations syndicales, ni le retour au gouvernement de partis de gauche n’ont entraîné une révision de ce cadre jusqu’ici.
Les syndicats face au défi de la « révolution verte »
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques
Published: April 2022

Confrontés à la politique du gouvernement, les syndicats, tout en adhérant à l’objectif d’une transition verte, demandent la prise en compte d’autres dimensions et réclament leur place dans la conception et la mise en œuvre des programmes. Ils sont confrontés au fait qu’une transition mal maîtrisée ferait à la fois des gagnants et des perdants parmi leurs membres. En leur sein, des priorités différentes émergent selon les secteurs et conduisent à des pratiques différenciées. Finalement, ce sont les menaces sur l’emploi qui sont le principal vecteur des mobilisations. Elles font contraste avec l’ambitieux discours sociétal développé par le TUC.
Psychologie et recrutement
Authors: Laberon Sonia , Bernaud Jean-Luc
Published: April 2022

Résumé La littérature sur la sélection professionnelle depuis les trente dernières années montre que la procédure de recrutement est envisagée de façon séquentielle avec un accroissement d’étapes à parcourir pour finaliser ce processus. Treize étapes fondamentales sont indiquées et plusieurs d’entre elles nécessitent des démarches précises de validation. L’analyse du besoin, la définition du profil de poste par l’analyse du travail, l’identification des pré-requis les plus pertinents, la façon de les mesurer chez un candidat et les qualités métrologiques des outils employés constituent les points déterminant de la procédure. La prise de décision est également centrale et doit s’appuyer sur les investigations antérieures de la procédure. Elle reste néanmoins complexe car les processus psychologiques qui la constituent ne sont pas linéaires et relèvent de traitements plus simplifiés liés notamment au contexte organisationnel du recrutement (urgence de la situation mais aussi incertitude du recruteur, gestion du risque…). Les exigences métrologiques sont par ailleurs difficiles à respecter en pratique car elles sont lourdes et coûteuses. D’autres critères sont à considérer comme le coût d’utilisation des outils de sélection, leur validité apparente, leur facilité à être défendue légalement.
Psychologie et recrutement
Authors: Desrumaux Pascale
Published: April 2022

Résumé De nombreuses recherches montrent que le fait d’expliquer les événements en recourant aux efforts, aux capacités ou à la personnalité – explications socialement désirables – augmente les chances d’être recruté. Un vaste programme de recherche a permis de montrer l’existence d’une norme d’internalité. Cette norme constitue en réalité un biais de jugement et entraîne une préférence pour les internes qui sont évalués plus favorablement que les externes. Ce biais de jugement persiste même en présence d’informations valides et influence non seulement les évaluations mais favorise aussi des renforcements positifs en termes de récompenses ou de salaires. Les évaluateurs seraient influencés par les explications internes parce qu’elles donnent directement accès à l’utilité sociale de la personne. D’autres travaux indiquent que le stéréotype de beauté peut aussi constituer une information discriminatoire, favorisant la plupart du temps les évalués mais pouvant défavoriser certains candidats en fonction du caractère sexuellement typé du poste et de son niveau hiérarchique. Alors que les travaux plus anciens indiquent un rejet des femmes belles pour des postes supérieurs, les recherches actuelles montrent l’importance de la mise en correspondances des postes et des candidats. La beauté accentuant les attributs liés au genre s’avère être un atout si le caractère sexuellement typé du poste est en adéquation avec le sexe du candidat mais devient un obstacle dans le cas inverse. Tout comme la norme d’internalité, le stéréotype de beauté influence les jugements par l’intermédiaire de la valeur sociale qu’il véhicule.
Projet « Toogga » : une expérience de valorisation de produits naturels dans la région du Sahel mauritanien
Authors: Baba Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Cet article présente une expérience de valorisation de produits naturels issus de fruits produits en Mauritanie. Il s’agit de la datte du désert (fruits du Balanites aegyptiaca). Ce fruit oléagineux, jusque-là négligé, a été pressé pour en extraire de l’huile. L’huile ainsi obtenue sert de base pour toute une ligne de produits cosmétiques (savon, shampooing, baumes…). Pour mener à bien cette valorisation, une équipe de scientifiques et de techniciens mauritaniens a créé une entreprise (Toogga Sarl) et l’a adossée à des coopératives de femmes cueilleuses (Badely). Les coopératives s’occupent de l’approvisionnement en matières premières et l’entreprise se charge de leur transformation en produits finis. L’article décrit la genèse de ce projet et sa mise en place et en décrit les aspects économique, environnemental et social.
Ressources hydrauliques au Parc National du Banc d’Arguin, Mauritanie : enjeux sociaux de la gestion de l’eau et problématique du risque
Authors: Benchehida Margaux
Published: April 2022

Le Parc national du Banc d’Arguin en Mauritanie est une vaste zone protégée entre terre et mer. La partie terrestre est à l’image d’une bonne partie du pays : désertique. La question des ressources en eau est donc cruciale ici comme sur tout le territoire national. Dans cette enquête, il s’agissait, grâce aux outils que mettent à notre disposition les sciences sociales, d’une part, de documenter au mieux tous les enjeux sociaux autour de la gestion de l’eau dans cette zone et, d’autre part, d’identifier les problématiques principales de gestion de l’eau, les risques qui pèsent sur la ressource et leur perception par les divers acteurs concernés. Nous avons ainsi pu faire ressortir la diversité des usages dans la zone, à la fois domestiques, pastoraux et industriels, mais également la vaine succession des projets d’amélioration de l’accès à l’eau sur ce territoire. Par ailleurs, les risques les plus importants ont été soulignés, et notamment ceux liés au changement climatique, à l’orpaillage dont les alentours du Parc sont le théâtre, et à l’industrie minière voisine. Les niveaux de connaissance de ces divers risques et la manière dont s’en sont saisis les acteurs sont très fluctuants et conduisent à une diversité de situations qu’il est intéressant d’observer.
La relance du tourisme dans l’Adrar mauritanien – Dynamiques de redéploiement des acteurs, quelles perspectives pour le développement du secteur ?
Authors: Lopata Delphine
Published: April 2022

Après dix ans de « sécheresse touristique » en Mauritanie, l’année 2018 marque la reprise des charters de touristes français qui atterrissent dans la région de l’Adrar suite à la sortie de la « zone rouge » (zone formellement déconseillée par le ministère des Affaires étrangères français). Sur cette relance reposent de nombreux espoirs qui font écho à la période de prospérité touristique dix ans plus tôt. Les acteurs présents pour la saison 2017/2018 sont pour la plupart les mêmes qu’il y a dix ans, toutefois le partenariat entre les tour-opérateurs français et mauritaniens autour duquel s’organise la relance est devenu privé. Plusieurs problématiques découlent du bousculement opéré dans la structure du secteur jusque-là basé sur un partenariat public, du côté mauritanien. Quelles seront les conséquences en termes de formation, de qualité des services et de rémunération des employés du secteur ? Quelle sera la place que prendra chacun des acteurs présents dans le secteur face à ce remaniement ? Et quelles sont les perspectives futures pour le développement du tourisme en Mauritanie ?
Natural Resources in Western Sahara : A Fishy Battle at the Doors of Europe
Authors: Naïli Meriem
Published: April 2022

Le Sahara occidental est un territoire non autonome dont les ressources naturelles suscitent un grand intérêt de la part des deux parties au conflit. Leur exploitation constitue un outil majeur dans le processus de négociation compte tenu de sa contribution à la mise en place de l’autorité de l’une ou l’autre partie sur le territoire en question. Son inclusion dans le champ d’application territorial de deux accords commerciaux et de partenariat majeurs entre l’Union européenne et le Royaume du Maroc (qui contrôle environ 80% du territoire) a récemment fait l’objet de recours en justice devant la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne. Les décisions de 2016 et 2018 ont clairement établi que le Sahara occidental et le Maroc sont deux territoires distincts et que, pour que les accords s’appliquent au premier, le consentement du peuple Sahraoui devait être fourni. L’article traite de l’impact de ces décisions sur le processus politique au sens large, en soulignant les faiblesses d’un système apparemment conçu pour faire respecter l’état de droit.
Le Sahara et ses hydrocarbures, pivot des relations franco-algériennes : 1954 - 1971
Authors: Kabbanji Jad
Published: April 2022

L’article s’intéresse au statut du Sahara dans les rapports franco-algériens. En se basant sur les documents d’archives du groupe pétrolier TOTAL et du ministère français des Affaires étrangères, nous analyserons la dimension pétrolière des relations entre les deux pays jusqu’à la nationalisation par l’Algérie du secteur pétrolier et gazier en 1971, tout en insistant sur la politique d’industrialisation de ce pays. Ainsi, nous démontrerons que le pétrole constitue le pivot des relations franco-algériennes jusqu’en 1971. Premièrement, jusqu’en 1962, le sort du Sahara et de ses ressources en hydrocarbures prolonge le conflit armé. Deuxièmement, les Accords d’Évian et plus tard l’accord de coopération de 1965 tentent d’instituer une forme de lien privilégié basé sur la coopération d’État à État entre une métropole et son ancienne colonie. Finalement, à partir de 1969 et l’échec de la coopération pétrolière, nous assistons à une banalisation des rapports entre les deux pays.
Poètes sahraouis de la Generación de la Amistad . Des nomades en exil
Authors: Troisvallets-Gewinner Mick
Published: April 2022

La Generación de la Amistad regroupe des poètes sahraouis, unis par une histoire commune : celle d’une enfance vécue entre les années 1960 et 1970 dans les premières cités coloniales et les innombrables dunes du vaste Sahara, entre nomadisme et sédentarisation ; les premiers apprentissages entre l’instituteur espagnol et le marabout maure, la poésie en hassaniyya qui véhicule tous les savoirs transmis par leurs parents ; et sans crier gare, la guerre, l’invasion, l’exode vers la hamada algérienne de Tindouf loin de la mer et du désert fertile. Accueillis par Cuba, la bonne mère de substitution, ils y resteront entre six et quinze ans, dans un monde au climat, à la végétation, aux mœurs radicalement différents de ceux du monde bédouin. Revenant, jeunes adultes diplômés, aux campements de réfugiés, ils ont oublié la langue hassaniyya , les règles de la sociabilité maure, les vents de sable. La poésie en espagnol leur sert à exprimer les déceptions et traumatismes de ce retour parfois vécu comme un exil de Cuba. Sans perspectives d’avenir, ils choisissent peu à peu d’émigrer en Espagne. Dans ce nouvel environnement, ignorés par l’État espagnol, en proie aux difficultés des immigrés mais soutenus par certains intellectuels, ils explorent ensemble leur identité particulière de Cubaraouis, nourrissant leur poésie, puis leurs films ou récits en espagnol, de la poésie en hassaniyya redevenue indispensable. Néo-nomades assumés, ils reconstruisent, par leurs voyages ou par le web, des circulations régulières entre leur nouvel environnement et le monde saharien.
Analyse des effets du programme européen LEADER sur l’action publique dans les territoires ruraux. Application en France et en Italie
Authors: Laidin Catherine , Berriet-Solliec Marielle
Published: April 2022

S’appuyant sur un travail de recherche reposant sur quatre études de cas en France et en Italie, étudiés sur la période 1994-2015, cet article porte sur les effets qu’engendre la mise en œuvre du programme européen de développement rural LEADER dans les zones bénéficiaires. Il analyse les mécanismes en jeu relatifs à la contribution de ce programme aux transformations des enjeux de ces territoires, à l’évolution des systèmes d’acteurs locaux, enfin aux changements dans la conduite de l’action publique. En participant au renforcement des pouvoirs locaux selon leurs capacités territoriales relatives et en engendrant des processus de domination des pouvoirs régionaux, LEADER contribue in fine à la redistribution des places et des rôles des élus et des experts au sein de l’arène locale et génèrent des transferts sur d’autres programmes que LEADER.
Les dessous de la livraison de repas à domicile : les coursiers des plateformes numériques
Authors: Baujard Corinne
Published: April 2022

Cet article examine les dessous des expériences vécues de services de livraison de repas à domicile qui se déploient dans les grandes villes. Quelle est la place des savoirs éducatifs dans les pratiques professionnelles du métier de livreur à domicile ? À partir d’une observation quotidienne dans plusieurs quartiers de la capitale de plusieurs groupes de livreurs stationnés sur leurs motos ou sur leurs vélos qui attendent les commandes proposées par les plateformes, des entretiens ont été réalisés (juillet 2020-juin 2021). Ces jeunes coursiers attestent la diversité de leurs destins, la complexité de leurs expériences individuelles et révèlent des difficultés d’intégration sur le marché du travail dans une indifférence généralisée. Il en résulte que les dessous des expériences sociales des coursiers à domicile interrogent les discours régulièrement tenus par les plateformes numériques.
Unfolding globally resonant homoclinic tangencies
Authors: Muni Sishu Shankar , McLachlan Robert I. , Simpson David J. W.
Published: April 2022

Global resonance is a mechanism by which a homoclinic tangency of a smooth map can have infinitely many asymptotically stable, single-round periodic solutions. To understand the bifurcation structure one would expect to see near such a tangency, in this paper we study one-parameter perturbations of typical globally resonant homoclinic tangencies. We assume the tangencies are formed by the stable and unstable manifolds of saddle fixed points of two-dimensional maps. We show the perturbations display two infinite sequences of bifurcations, one saddle-node the other period-doubling, between which single-round periodic solutions are asymptotically stable. The distance of the bifurcation values from global resonance generically scales like \begin{document}$ |\lambda|^{2 k} $\end{document}, as \begin{document}$ k \to \infty $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ -1 < \lambda < 1 $\end{document} is the stable eigenvalue associated with the fixed point. If the perturbation is taken tangent to the surface of codimension-one homoclinic tangencies, the scaling is instead like \begin{document}$ \frac{|\lambda|^k}{k} $\end{document}. We also show slower scaling laws are possible if the perturbation admits further degeneracies.
Concentrated solutions for a critical elliptic equation
Authors: Duan Lipeng , Tian Shuying
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the following elliptic equation

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u = Q(x)u^{2^*-1 }+\varepsilon u^{s}, \; &{\;{\rm{in}}\;\; \Omega},\\ \ u>0, \; &{\;{\rm{in}}\;\; \Omega}, \\ \ u = 0, &{\;{\rm{on}}\;\; \partial \Omega}, \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where \begin{document}$ N\geq 3 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ s\in [1, 2^*-1) $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ 2^* = \frac{2N}{N-2} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \varepsilon>0 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} is a smooth bounded domain in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document}. Under some conditions on \begin{document}$ Q(x) $\end{document}, Cao and Zhong in Nonlin. Anal. TMA (Vol 29, 1997,461–483) proved that there exists a single-peak solution for small \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} if \begin{document}$ N\geq 4 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ s\in (1, 2^*-1) $\end{document}. And they proposed in Remark 1.7 of their paper that

   \begin{document}$ \begin{array}{c} ''it\; is\; interesting\; to\; know\; the \;existence\; of\; single-peak \;solutions \; for \;small \;\varepsilon\;\\ and \;s = 1''.\end{array} $\end{document}

Also it was addressed in Remark 1.8 of their paper that

   \begin{document}$ \begin{array}{c} ''the\; question\; of \;solutions \;concentrated \;at \;several\; points \;at \;the \;same \;time \;is \\ still \;open''. \end{array}$\end{document}

Here we give some confirmative answers to the above two questions. Furthermore, we prove the local uniqueness of the multi-peak solutions. And our results show that the concentration of the solutions to above problem is delicate whether \begin{document}$ s = 1 $\end{document} or \begin{document}$ s>1 $\end{document}.
An upper bound of the measure-theoretical entropy
Authors: Zang Yuntao
Published: April 2022

Let \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} be a \begin{document}$ C^{1+\alpha} $\end{document} diffeomorphism on a compact manifold \begin{document}$ M $\end{document} and let \begin{document}$ \mu $\end{document} be an ergodic measure. We use a special family of fake center-stable manifolds to bound the entropy of \begin{document}$ \mu $\end{document} in terms of positive Lyapunov exponents and the so called 'dimensional entropy', a notion related to the topological entropy of submanifolds.
The topology of Bott integrable fluids
Authors: Cardona Robert
Published: April 2022

We construct non-vanishing steady solutions to the Euler equations (for some metric) with analytic Bernoulli function in each three-manifold where they can exist: graph manifolds. Using the theory of integrable systems, any admissible Morse-Bott function can be realized as the Bernoulli function of some non-vanishing steady Euler flow. This can be interpreted as an inverse problem to Arnold's structure theorem and yields as a corollary the topological classification of such solutions. Finally, we prove that the topological obstruction holds without the non-vanishing assumption: steady Euler flows with a Morse-Bott Bernoulli function only exist on graph three-manifolds.
Direct sampling methods for isotropic and anisotropic scatterers with point source measurements
Authors: Harris Isaac , Nguyen Dinh-Liem , Nguyen Thi-Phong
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we consider the inverse scattering problem for recovering either an isotropic or anisotropic scatterer from the measured scattered field initiated by a point source. We propose two new imaging functionals for solving the inverse problem. The first one employs a 'far-field' transform to the data which we then use to derive and provide an explicit decay rate for the imaging functional. In order to analyze the behavior of this imaging functional we use the factorization of the near field operator as well as the Funk-Hecke integral identity. For the second imaging functional the Cauchy data is used to define the functional and its behavior is analyzed using the Green's identities. Numerical experiments are given in two dimensions for both isotropic and anisotropic scatterers.
Existence results of mild solutions for nonlocal fractional delay integro-differential evolution equations via Caputo conformable fractional derivative
Authors: Rabhi Lahcene , Al Horani Mohammed , Khalil Roshdi
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the existence of mild solutions for nonlocal delay fractional Cauchy problem with Caputo conformable derivative in Banach spaces. We establish a representation of a mild solution using a fractional Laplace transform. The existence of such solutions is proved under certain conditions, using the Mönch fixed point theorem and a general version of Gronwall's inequality under weaker conditions in the sense of Kuratowski measure of non compactness. Applications illustrating our main abstract results and showing the applicability of the presented theory are also given.
Rare Case Reports
Authors: Thankappan Simi , Nedumpillil Sherin , Thomas Valsa
Published: April 2022

The basic principle of science is to always think of the simplest explanation for a condition. But in post graduate training, distinguishing a rare case from a common case is a dilemma for the naïve clinician. Often the eager and enthusiastic resident trainees are more prone to fall into this “rare case phenomenon.” Innumerable rare case reports in countless scientific journals may give the false impression to the budding trainee that uncommon cases are encountered every now and then. This article stresses on the importance of applying certain rules that can help in making the diagnostic process systematic and simpler. The chance of encountering rare cases are in fact rare and limited, wherreas in some circumstances, can diagnose life threatening conditions too.
Conversion Rate of Tuberculosis Screening Tests among Dermatology Patients Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Alsukait Sarah F , Alsaad Alaa B , Alotaibi Ghadah F , Alsaif Fahad M , Alotaibi Hend M
Published: April 2022

Background:

The use of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFi) has been associated with an increased risk latent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. The role of TB screening assays in monitoring patients during TNFi therapy remains uncertain. Spontaneous conversions and reversions have been described.

Aims:

This study aims to determine the conversion and reversion rate of TB screening tests among dermatology patients receiving TNFi in a country with moderate TB incidence.

Subjects and Methods:

A retrospective single-center study conducted on all patients in whom treatment with TNFi was initiated in our dermatology clinic in a tertiary university hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, until September 2018. Data were collected from the hospital electronic patient information system.

Results:

One hundred and eighteen patients were included. Majority (79.9%) of patients used adalimumab. Psoriasis was the most common indication (90%). Among patients with negative baseline TB screening who had been retested during TNFi therapy (n = 65; 55%), conversion to positive was observed in nine patients (13.8%) with a mean duration of exposure of 39.7 months, whereas among patients with positive TB testing result (n = 18), 10 (55.5%) reverted to negative.

Conclusions:

This study emphasizes the need for prospective large-scale multispecialty studies assessing the significance of TB retesting, which should be considered when designing rescreening protocols.
Azathioprine-Induced Marrow Suppression in Dermatology Patients - Analysis of 18 Patients
Authors: Saoji Vikrant V , Jawade Sugat A , Agrawal Piyush , Rimmalapudi Shravya
Published: April 2022

Background:

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant used to treat several immunological disorders. As a purine analog, it inhibits DNA synthesis and cell multiplication. However, marrow suppression is a serious complication associated with azathioprine.

Aim:

To analyze the marrow suppression caused by azathioprine in dermatology patients.

Material and Method:

This is a retrospective analysis of the records of 18 patients who presented with marrow suppression secondary to azathioprine which was used for the treatment of various dermatological diseases.

Results:

The analysis includes 18 patients, 15 females and 3 males with the average age being 25.88 years. All except two patients received 1 mg/kg of oral azathioprine once daily. Leukopenia was seen in 13 patients (with severe leukopenia in 7 patients), thrombocytopenia in 8, and low hemoglobin in 14 patients. Isolated low hemoglobin was seen in four patients, isolated leukopenia in four patients, and only one patient presented with isolated thrombocytopenia. Six patients had pancytopenia. The duration from the starting dose to reporting of marrow suppression ranged from 10 days to 1 year. Eight out of 18 patients presented with anagen effluvium, 2 patients with oral ulcers, and 1 patient with an upper respiratory tract infection. All the patients recovered within 1 month.

Conclusion:

Marrow suppression due to azathioprine can occur with a low dose of 1 mg/kg. Hair loss and oral ulcers serve as early warning signs for marrow suppression.
Interesting Case of Cutaneous Metastases to Thoracic Skin from Anaplastic Carcinoma of Thyroid
Authors: Jemisingh P , M. MaalikBabu A.N. , Arumugam V , Palanivel Nirmaladevi
Published: April 2022

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor with 100% mortality that constitutes 1%–2% of thyroid malignancies. Cutaneous metastases from thyroid carcinoma are extremely rare. We report a case of a 68-year-old male with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with cervical lymph node and thoracic cutaneous metastases. Following the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma with stage IVB after thorough investigations, he was started on chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin, and also radiotherapy was given subsequently. Dermatological examination showed a single ulcer of size 3 × 2 cm, hard nodules, and plaques of varied sizes present over the anterior chest. Skin biopsy from the nodule showed pleomorphic tumor cells in strands with colloid material and neutrophilic infiltrates in the deep dermis. The present case report demonstrates that thoracic skin metastases can occur from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with nodules and ulcers and, to our knowledge, this is the first case report of such an extremely rare condition from India.
Online Information-Seeking Behavior for Allergies and its Association with COVID-19 Vaccine-Hesitancy in India
Authors: Mondal Himel , Podder Indrashis , Mondal Shaikat
Published: April 2022

Background:

Vaccine-hesitancy is an important obstacle to attain herd-immunity against COVID-19. Undue fears about adverse effects like allergic reactions may be an important reason for vaccine-hesitancy.

Objectives:

To assess the online information-seeking behavior of Indian internet users regarding 'allergies' and determine its association with COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy.

Methods:

We conducted a Google trend analysis to obtain the relative search volume (RSV) for keywords—'skin allergy,' 'drug allergy,' 'food allergy,' 'vaccine allergy,' 'contact dermatitis,' and 'allergy' using a public domain https://trends.google.com/trends. We further obtained state-wise data and statistically analyzed it to assess any association with vaccine-hesitancy.

Results:

Higher RSV was found for 'vaccine allergy' after the advent of COVID-19 vaccines, showing the steepest peak. 'Skin allergy' showed two peaks. The first peak was after the advent of COVID-19 pandemic and second peak was after introduction of vaccines. RSV of 'contact dermatitis' remained unchanged. Eastern and North-Eastern states showed the highest RSV for 'skin' and 'vaccine' allergies. Literacy rate showed a significant positive correlation with vaccination, whereas vaccine-hesitancy was inversely proportional to RSV for 'allergy.

Conclusion:

Increased online information-seeking behavior is demonstrated by Indians regarding various 'allergies,' particularly after the advent of COVID-19 vaccines. Literacy was directly proportional to vaccination status, whereas vaccine-hesitancy was inversely proportional to search-volume for 'allergy.'
Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Acar Ayda , Yoldas Ayse H. , Turk Bengu G. , Karaarslan Isil , Sagduyu Ilgen E. , Ceylan Can , Unal Idil , Ozturk Gunseli
Published: April 2022

Background:

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute, life-threatening, severe drug reactions. Randomized studies on these diseases are difficult to perform.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SJS and TEN in a tertiary hospital in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

We evaluated the records of 33 patients with SJS and TEN who were followed in our clinic or examined between January 2008 and June 2019, retrospectively. Age, sex, time of admission to hospital, causative drug, presence of concomitant disease, skin findings, mucosal involvement, the severity-of-illness score for TEN, the medication used, antibiotic use, transfer to intensive care, development of complications, and death or discharge status were noted.

Results:

Of the 33 patients, 11 (33.3%) had SJS, 3 (9.1%) had SJS/TEN overlap, and 19 (57.6%) had TEN. The majority (60.6%) of the patients were female. Nineteen (57.6%) patients had one, and 13 (39.4%) had more than one suspected drug exposure in their history. The most commonly suspected drugs were antibiotics. Twelve (36.4%) patients had intensive care unit hospitalization. Ten (30.3%) patients died.

Conclusion:

The demographic data of our study were consistent with the literature. Similar to the literature, antibiotics were the most common reaction-causing drugs. However, antiepileptic drugs, which were more frequently reported in other studies, were identified as suspicious in only one patient. We believe that our study will contribute to the determination of characteristics of this rare disease with real-life data.
Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and the Severity of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Rasti Shinta D , Dewinta Nena R , Kamal Ronik H , Adissadah Avina F , Madanny Afhama E , Dewanti Linda
Published: April 2022

Background:

Vitamin D is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of acne, and its levels can change in patients with acne vulgaris. Several studies have revealed that serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels tend to be low and statistically significant in acne vulgaris patients. However, the relationship between vitamin D levels and acne severity is still poorly understood.

Objective:

This study aims to identify the correlation between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and the severity of acne vulgaris.

Method:

This systematic review study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline based on several studies taken from the PubMed, PMC, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate databases until June 2021. Full-text case-control, randomized controlled trial, or cross-sectional study in English or Indonesian language reporting on the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and the severity of acne vulgaris on human participants were included.

Result:

From a total of 401 studies, 10 studies met the criteria. Almost all studies (8 of 10) revealed lower serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels as the acne severity progresses, although 2 of them were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The evidence of an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and the severity of acne vulgaris suggests the need for screening of vitamin D levels in acne patients and offers a new prospect in the field of acne prevention and treatment.
Multifocal primary pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of bone managed with denosumab
Authors: Pasricha Sunil , Sharma Anila , Pruthi Manish , Durga Garima , Jajodia Ankush , Gupta Gurudutt , Kamboj Meenakshi , Gupta Manoj , Mehta Anurag
Published: April 2022

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a rare tumor of vascular origin with intermediate malignant potential which commonly presents as a subcutaneous and soft-tissue mass with or without concurrent bone involvement. However, PMH presenting as primary multifocal bone lesions is rare. Histomorphologically, it mimicks other epithelioid tumors and cytokeratin expression in PMH can prompt an erroneous diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma, especially in an elderly patient. Diligent histopathological examination and judicious immunohistochemistry panel can guide to the correct diagnosis. Due to its rarity, the optimal therapeutic strategy has not been established till date. We present a rare case of PMH of primary bone with multifocal bony disease in a 23-year-old male who presented with severe bone pains. The patient has been managed with four weekly denosumab, and the disease is stable with symptomatic relief after 6 months.
An observational study to determine the clinical course of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic COVID-19–positive patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Puducherry
Authors: Sharashchandra Kulkarni Vandana , Sajjan Prashant Shivaraj , Ramesh J. , Jayasingh K. , Satish Vithiavathi
Published: April 2022

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus2 (SARSCoV2) disease (COVID-19) has spread nationwide including union territory of Puducherry.

Methods:

Consecutive asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-19 ward were included in the study. Demographic details, following of social norms, contact-exposure history, presence of co-morbidities, vital parameters, clinical symptoms and signs, development of new symptoms, progression and outcome of study patients are reported.

Results:

Six hundred and forty two patients were included for final analysis. Most of symptomatic patients did not use face mask (87%) and did not follow social distancing (84.1%) or hand hygiene (91.3%). Out of mildly symptomatic patients, 12 become moderately or severely symptomatic and were shifted to intensive care unit. All these patients were male, aged more than 50 years with co-morbidities.

Conclusions:

Wearing face mask, social distancing and hand hygiene can decrease disease severity. Male patients with co-morbidities and old age are at higher risk of progression to moderate or severe COVID-19 infection.
Timing to perform bed-side surgical tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Behera Ishwar Chandra , Jena Pragnya Paramita
Published: April 2022

Background:

Tracheostomy is an important surgical procedure in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly those patients undergoing prolonged tracheal intubation. The timing and indications for tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients with ventilators are still controversial.

Methods:

We prospectively studied the best timing for performing surgical tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients (n = 22) from April 2020 to May 2021 in the COVID-19 ICU attached to our COVID-19 hospital. The tracheotomised patients were followed up and the number and timing of the death were documented.

Results:

There were 14 males (male:female = 1.75:1). The mean duration of endotracheal intubation to tracheostomy was 14.4 days (range 10-22 days). The mean time for tracheostomy was 18.45 min (range 12–25 min). Five patients (22.7%) died after tracheostomy. The median time between tracheostomy and death was 4 days.

Conclusions:

Surgical tracheostomy has to be performed in a proper time with safe manner for benefit of the patients with COVID-19 and the health care professionals managing the patient.
2020 POGS report on obstetrical and gynecological indicators of health care
Authors: Macayaon Annette M. , Habana Maria Antonia E. , Amorin Helen R. , Añonuevo Antoinette U. , del Prado Jennifer C. , Irabon Ina S. , Magno Angelito D. L. , Mangubat Ma. Luisa T.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

The POGS committee on nationwide statistics uses an electronic census platform called the POGS nationwide statistics system (PNSS) to collect the statistical data on obstetric and gynecologic health indicators.

OBJECTIVES:

The article aims to present 2020 data gathered and compare these with the 2019 census. Obstetrical and gynecological indicators of health care and preliminary data on COVID-19 cases are reported.

METHODOLOGY:

This cross-sectional study reports the data generated from the submissions of POGS-accredited hospitals from January to December 2020, through the PNSS.

RESULTS:

The number of accredited hospitals that submitted their census with 100% compliance is 94%. There was a total of 329,972 number of cases reported, 92% were obstetric cases. Live birth rate was the highest in the National Capital Region at 33.5%, with the highest age-specific birth rate in the 25–29 age group. Most live births were term pregnancies. Adolescent birth rate was 6.45 per 1000 women. Cesarean section rate, stillbirth rate, neonatal mortality rate, and perinatal mortality rate were higher than 2019. The maternal mortality ratio was 121.6 per 100,000 live births. There were 2,858 cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. There were 26,164 gynecologic admissions, with the most common diagnosis being abnormal uterine bleeding. The most common gynecologic procedures performed were hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, medical management, and blood transfusion. Majority of the deaths from gynecologic cases had gynecologic malignancies and among these, cervical cancer (19%) had the greatest number of deaths.

CONCLUSION:

Obstetric and gynecologic admissions are lower compared to last year. A deterioration in obstetrical indications can be seen and explanations for this occurrence must be explored further. Preliminary data on COVID-19 cases was likewise presented. Timely and accurate statistics will help us define the areas we need to improve on, as well as the unmet needs of our patients.
Acceptability of telemedicine among patients undergoing prenatal and postnatal care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Quiñones Ivy Lorraine E. , Novero Virgilio M.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

While COVID-19 spreads rapidly around the world, innovative means to provide continuing prenatal care are being developed to monitor maternal and fetal health while minimizing disease transmission. Telemedicine is one platform by which patients are provided the necessary prenatal and postpartum care safely as the pandemic rages.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the acceptability of telemedicine in the delivery of prenatal and postnatal care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Manila. A structured Likert scale-based survey consisting of a model measuring telemedicine perception was utilized. This was a predeveloped model by Lin in 2017.[1] Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square tests were done to evaluate the data.

RESULTS:

A total of 193 pregnant and postpartum patients participated in the study. Majority of the respondents were between 25 and 34 years old, living within Metro Manila, and normal obstetric patients who were previously seen at the outpatient department. Most of the participants considered telemedicine to be cost-effective, reliable, easy to use, and useful.

CONCLUSION:

We conclude that telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care among pregnant patients because it allowed the necessary interaction between patient and doctor and these “users” kept on using the system. There was no association between telemedicine perceptions and patient age, place of residence, type of patient encounter, disease, and treatment. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care regardless of patient characteristics.
Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes between COVID-19 positive and negative parturients who delivered in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lazo Stephanie M. , Sy-Fernando Victoria N.
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Its growing number of cases with a very limited number of studies in the country is quite alarming, especially to the vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine and compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 positive versus negative parturient.

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 131 parturient in a tertiary hospital.

RESULTS:

We analyzed a total of 131 patients, of whom 65 (49.6%) were COVID positive. At the time of testing, more than half were at their early term of pregnancy (64.89%) and at term (14.5%). Based on disease severity, 45 women (69.2%) exhibited mild disease, 39 were asymptomatic and 6 symptomatic, 19 (29.2%) moderate disease, and 1 (1.5%) severe disease. Among those symptomatic, the most common signs and symptoms were cough (33.85%), myalgia (10.77%), and a radiographic finding of localized or multilobar infiltrates (30.76%). Those who had laboratory examinations, the c-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were found to be elevated. Based on maternal outcomes, there was a higher incidence of preterm birth (21.54%, P= 0.048) and longer length of hospital stay (P = 0.005) in the COVID-19-positive group. While the neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups, except for longer hospital stay, and delayed institution of breastfeeding among the COVID-19-positive group.

CONCLUSION:

In this study, there was no evidence that the presence of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy causes increased morbidity and mortality in mothers and their neonates. Close surveillance should be done on this population, especially if detected before term, as these patients are predisposed to having preterm labor. Further research is needed to understand the true extent of the risks to improve the management of these special population.
A series of unfortunate events
Authors: Reyes Ma. Kristina Barbara O. , Nicolas Encarnita D. G.
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy involves various changes to adapt and ensure the growth and development of the fetus. These changes explain why pregnant women are at high risk for certain diseases. Compared with the nonpregnant, their morbidity and mortality are increased. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), has been associated with severe outcomes, especially in pregnant women with a propensity to attack the neural tissue and cause several neurologic manifestations and diseases like Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). This is a case report of a 22-year-old G2P0 (0010) who presented with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and eventually develop an ascending symmetrical limb weakness. This paper aims to: (1) present a case of GBS on a COVID-19 confirmed pregnant woman, (2) discuss the association between GBS and COVID-19, and (3) discuss the intrapartum management in a pregnant woman presenting with GBS.
Development of an Emergency Stop Assist System with Pull-Over Function
Authors: Kiriki Jumpei , Uejima Taiyo , Nemoto Hiromi , Sawai Shunichiroh , Araki Ryutaro
Published: April 2022

Although accidents caused by drivers’ physical condition account for only a small percentage of all traffic accidents, they are highly likely to lead to serious accidents if they do occur, so speedy actions from both product and social rule aspects are desirable. In response, many companies have developed and commercialized emergency stop assist system which stops in the lane, and also the development and discussion of emergency stop assist systems with pull-over function is being promoted in several countries in order to ensure the safety of the own vehicle, the following vehicle, and the evacuation of passengers, and to shorten the rescue time. Regarding Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in the market, the ones which are categorized as Lv.2 by SAE are mainstream, so the development of emergency stop assist systems with pull-over function that utilize Lv.2 ADAS is required in order to spread the use of it. In this paper, we describe the basic design and concept of an emergency stop assist system using Lv.2 ADAS which is based on the premise that the driver must be appropriately involved to ensure safety. This paper also describes an approach to increase the acceptability of the emergency stop assist system by switching between pull-over and stop-in-the-lane according to the situation, and also discusses the technology for judging whether the driver is abnormal or not in the Lv.2 ADAS system in a system that allows hands-off operation under certain circumstances, and the notification to surrounding vehicles in consideration of regional characteristics.