bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importancia de la implementación de la nómina electrónica en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Barrera Félix Jorge
Published: November 2022

La nómina electrónica es un “documento soporte de costos, deducciones o impuestos descontables, que se derivan de pagos que se realizan en virtud de una relación laboral o legal y reglamentaria y de los pagos a los pensionados a cargo del empleador” (dian, Resolución 13,2021). Este nuevo lenguaje de documento digital es un medio de inspección, dentro de un lenguaje universal para intercambiar documentación electrónica, lo que permite optimizar el tiempo y mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia en el proceso, y así los gobiernos pueden hacer un mayor control fiscal. Por eso la digitalización ha permitido el crecimiento económico decada país; por consiguiente, es necesario tomar conciencia de las necesidades empresariales para seguir avanzando en la transformación digital y así aplicar la normatividad por la cual se rige la nómina electrónica, que hará que los contribuyentes estén a la vanguardia de acuerdoa las disposiciones del gobierno para dar cumplimiento a las normas legales y que secumplan los requerimientos exigidos por ella. Es decir, las empresas caminan hacia la modernización tributaria con la nómina electrónica.
Responsabilidad internacional del Estado colombiano por reclutamiento ilícito de los actores armados ilegales
Authors: Bejarano García Irma
Published: November 2022

Colombia tiene el conflicto armado interno más antiguo del continente americano. De 1998 a 2016 ha habido varios procesos de negociación de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las farc-ep. La paz es considerada un derecho humano. En uno de los procesos de negociación se acordó la desmilitarización de un territorio de 42.000 kilómetros cuadrados, en donde se desplegaron los escenarios más infames de vulneración de Derechos Humanos e infracciones al Derecho Internacional Humanitario, al igual que lo continuaron haciendo desde otros escenarios en que, rodeados de anillos de seguridad, se ufanaban de ser de su propia jurisdicción.

Los niños, niñas y adolescentes, además del reclutamiento, también fueron víctimas de actos de violencia sexual por parte de las farc-ep. Colombia tiene obligaciones internacionales e internas de protección jurídica, formal, material y prevalente, de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. El Estado colombiano es responsable internacionalmente cuando no los protege o no los repara.
Elements of the ideology of the Sixtiers — members of the Russian revolutionary community of the 1860s
Authors: Kirillov Victor
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the ideology of the Sixties – members of the Russian revolutionary community of the late 1850s – 1860s. A revolutionary community means a set of ideologically close personalities and associations with revolutionary views; it makes possible to examine members of the revolutionary underground and people sympathizing with revolutionary views as one community. Due to the fact that definitions of the Sixties as revolutionary democrats, Narodniks, nihilists, etc. are common in historiography, the article proposes to look at their ideology as a non-hierarchical, eclectic combination of different views, concepts and ideas, among which there were no main ideas. The author of the article identifies six main elements of the ideology of the Sixties: the denial of the old regime (which presupposed anti-conservative views, as well as the prevalence of the nihilism subculture), socialist orientation (from the strict theory of “Russian socialism” to abstract sympathies for the very idea of socialism), “craving for the people” (which foreshadowed the ideology of revolutionary Narodnichestvo of the 1870s), democratic ideals (which mainly assumed egalitarianism, the idea of equality of all members of society, which resulted in interest and support for the women’s movement, the creation of communes for living together and everyday life), enlightenment (expressed in the cult of science and knowledge, educational work among the intelligentsia), faith in the proximity of the revolution (a specific feature of the Sixties, which manifested itself in anticipation of an imminent mass popular uprising). The research is based on a complex of various sources (memoirs, journalism, investigative testimony), according to which it is possible to identify the views of both well-known publicists of democratic magazines and the emigrant press, as well as members of underground revolutionary circles.
Diminutive epithets of animals in folklore
Authors: Jasiūnaitė Birutė
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with derivational and semantic problems of diminutive epithets of animals. Such words are usually used in Lithuanian folk songs for domestic or wild animals, first of all, for a horse and a hare. They have been produced with nine different diminutive suffixes, most popular among them were -elis and -ėlis. In most cases diminutive epithets of animals have been produced from suffixal derivatives or compound words (jautelis baubuolėlis, gegutytė pilkuolytė, kurmelis žemrausėlis, ančiukai raibaplunksnėliai). The most common motivation features of such words was the color of the animal (kiškelis baltužėlis, žirgelis sartonėlis), its body parts (ožkutė rudakutė, zuikelis statausėlis), its typical actions (katinėlis repečkėlis, laputė čiuženutė).
Personal and impersonal sentences in Lithuanian and Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Kortlandt Frederik
Published: November 2022

The dative subject construction of the historical languages is the continuation of the Proto-Indo-European thematic present. It was largely replaced by the construction with a nominative subject that continued the athematic present as well as the aorist, where the ergative was reinterpreted as a nominative.
Some Lithuanian suffixed verbs derived from the present stems with -n-
Authors: Pakerys Jurgis
Published: November 2022

The paper discusses suffixed Lithuanian verbs derived from the bases with infixal or suffixal -n-. The most solid examples are the ones containing šąl- ‘get chilly, cool off’ with former infix (*ša-n-l-), e.g., šą́l-au-ti, šąl-én-ti ‘get chilly little by little’, and suffix -n-, e.g., at-ein-inė́-ti ‘come (iterative/imperfective)’ ←  at-eĩ-n-a ‘come(s)’. The infix of the base can be also seen in brand-ìn-ti ‘make ford’, -bund-in-ti ‘awaken (tr.)’, (pra-si-)bund-inė́-ti ‘wake up from time to time’  ← bre-ñ-d-a ‘ford(s)’, -bu-ñ-d-a ‘wake(s) up (itr.)’. However, there are cases when /n/ may be occasionally inserted before /d/ (= Dzūkian /d͡z/) that is followed by a suffixal syllable containing /n/, as in (pra-)bu-n-dinė́-ti ‘subsist, live’ and -važiuo-n-dinė́-ti ‘drive from time to time’ found alongside the main variants without n-insertion: bū-dinė́-ti, važiuo-dinė́-ti.
The dative and instrumental dual in East Baltic
Authors: Hill Eugen
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with two case-forms of East Baltic nominals, the dative and the instrumental dual. It summarises what is already known about these case-forms from Lithuanian and Latvian dialects as well as from Old Lithuanian sources. It is demonstrated that these data imply a particular reconstruction of the dual inflectional endings in these cases for Proto-Baltic. Subsequently, the paper shows that etymological matches of the reconstructed Proto-Baltic endings of the dative and instrumental dual may be attested in two further branches of Indo-European. Such endings are found in Gaulish, which is a member of the Celtic branch, and in Ancient Greek.
Lithuanian equivalents of German nominal compounds in an anonymous German-Lithuanian manuscript from the 17th century Lexicon Lithuanicum
Authors: Jarmalavičius Dalius
Published: November 2022

This paper analyses Lithuanian equivalents of German nominal compounds in an anonymous bilingual dictionary of the 17th century Lexicon Lithuanicum. 1208 words translated into Lithuanian were used for the analysis of the German compounds. Firstly, the article focuses on the Lithuanian equivalents, which are simple words (simplicias) and word phrases (syntagms), then the German words translated into Lithuanian as derivatives and compound nouns are described. The presented data are compared with the research results of other manuscripts (bilingual dictionaries C and B) from the 17th–18th centuries.

According to the research data, the majority of the German nominal compounds recorded in the dictionary were translated into Lithuanian by simple words or syntagms. Almost a half of the German compounds were rendered into Lithuanian as derivatives, very often represented by suffixation. Lithuanian compound nouns, which serve as equivalents of German compounds make up only about 10 percent of the analyzed words, and are usually represented by N+N word-formation type.
DISCRIMINACIÓN SALARIAL EN EL MERCADO DE TRABAJO EN LOS NOVENTAS
Authors: Jiménez Cordero Roslyn , Morales Aguilar Natalia
Published: November 2022

Este artículo mide la diferencia salarial entre hombres y mujeres, la cual es atribuida a discriminación y presenta su evolución durante la década de los noventas. Se utiliza la técnica econométrica desarrollada por Oaxaca y Ransom en 1994 para medir la diferencia salarial debido a diferencias en productividad y a la discriminación, específicamente sobre las remuneraciones de los trabajadores asalariados.
PATRONES DE LOCALIZACIÓN, CONCENTRACIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN DEL EMPLEO INDUSTRIAL EN LA GRAN ÁREA METROPOLITANA (GAM) DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Sánchez Hernández Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis temporal y espacial de la localización y concentración del empleo industrial dentro de la Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM) de Costa Rica. Para ello se utilizan los últimos cinco Censos de Población y Vivienda (1963, 1973, 1984, 2000 y 2011) y se aplican una serie de herramientas de estadística espacial, sistemas de información geográfica y economía urbana y regional para analizar la dinámica del mercado laboral asociado a la industria. Los resultados muestran que en los últimos 25 años se ha venido presentando un proceso de relocalización de las actividades industriales dentro de la GAM, ya que algunos cantones han perdido importancia relativa en la generación de empleo industrial, mientras otros han mejorado su posición al respecto. Los modelos aplicados de estadística espacial muestran fuertes concentraciones de empleo industrial en siete cantones de la GAM y conglomerados en dos cantones. El estudio introduce un tema novedoso en el análisis del mercado laboral, como es la matriz de origen-destino de empleo industrial, la cual muestra que existe una gran movilización de trabajadores al interior de los cantones de la GAM ayudando a entender las dinámicas internas del sector industrial y el empleo en dicho sector.
ANÁLISIS DINÁMICO DEL DESEMPLEO EN COSTA RICA PARA EL PERIODO 2010-2011
Authors: Villegas González Braulio , Ulate Chinchilla Josué
Published: November 2022

En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis dinámico del mercado laboral en Costa Rica para elperiodo 2010-2011, utilizando datos trimestrales de la Encuesta Continua de Empleo (ECE) quellevó a cabo el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Mediante un análisis de los flujoslaborales, a través de matrices de transición del mercado laboral, se mide el cambio en la condiciónde actividad de la población en el corto plazo; luego de esto, por medio de modelos probabilísticosmultinomiales, se buscó determinar las características que definen la condición de actividad de lapersona y las características que explican la probabilidad de transición desde cada estado del mercadolaboral hacia otro estado.
IMPACTO DE UTILIZACIÓN GENERALIZADA DE CONTRATOS DE CRÉDITO CON TASAS VARIABLES EN COSTA RICA: TRANSICIÓN A UN SISTEMA DE METAS DE INFLACIÓN
Authors: Villamichel Morales Pablo
Published: November 2022

La dinámica de las tasas de interés de los créditos tiene una creciente relevancia dentro de la gradual implementación de un esquema de metas de inflación que inició en 2006. Costa Rica es una economía bimonetaria, en la cual la extensa mayoría de los contratos de crédito otorgados por el Sistema Financiero Nacional son de tasas de interés ajustables referenciados a una tasa de interés de corto plazo, tanto en colones como en dólares. De acuerdo a la literatura económica estos transmiten las señales de las tasas de interés al consumo e inversión en forma más directa y veloz que los contratos de tasa fija. Parte de este efecto es mitigado por el también uso generalizado de pisos en la tasas ajustables de los créditos, de esta forma se generan no linealidades en el traspaso de la tasa de interés de referencia a las tasas efectivamente pagadas por los deudores. Esta alternativa no ha sido estudiada en los modelos teóricos y debe ser considerada como una eventual limitación para el uso de la Tasa de Política Monetaria en forma efectiva.
FACTORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS ASOCIADOS A LA PERCEPCIÓN DE SITUACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA ENTRE ADULTOS MAYORES DE DOS PAÍSES LATINOAMERICANOS
Authors: Brenes Camacho Gilbert
Published: November 2022

El objetivo principal del artículo es estudiar el vínculo entre la percepción subjetiva sobre la situación económica propia y una serie de medidas objetivas de bienestar socioeconómico –fuentes de ingresos, tenencia de vivienda, nivel educativo y transferencias familiares informales de dinero– entre adultos mayores de dos países Latinoamericanos: México y Costa Rica.  Los datos se obtienen de las primeras rondas de dos encuestas sobre envejecimiento: CRELES para Costa Rica y ENASEM para México.  La variable dependiente más importante se obtiene de las respuestas a las pregunta “¿Cómo califica su situación económica actual?” en Costa Rica y “¿Diría usted que su situación económica es…?” en México.  Para ambas encuestas, las respuestas se codificaron en forma binaria; el código 0 representa las categorías Excelente, Muy buena y Buena, y el código 1 representa a las categorías Regular y Mala.  Se encontró que el ingreso por jubilación es un importante determinante de la percepción de bienestar en ambos países.  En Costa Rica, el ingreso del cónyuge y la tenencia de vivienda son importantes predictores de la percepción de bienestar, mientras que en México, los ingresos por transferencias están fuertemente asociados con dicha percepción.
SUPERVISIÓN BANCARIA EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS: VALORACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS ECONÓMICOS DE MEDIDAS CORRECTIVAS EN EL DESEMPEÑO BANCARIO
Authors: Hall Luis J.
Published: November 2022

En este documento de investigación se estudian los efectos de la ley de 1991 denominada “Prompt Corrective Action” (PCA) en el Sistema Bancario de los Estados Unidos. La medida fundamentalmente busca regular aquellos bancos con tasas bajas de capital.  Dos estrategias son combinadas para propiamente identificar estos efectos económicos en el sector bancario.  En primer lugar, el diseño de la política por sí misma permite la apropiada valoración de su impacto, al crear el medio ideal para emplear la metodología de diferencias en diferencias.  En segundo lugar, empleamos la técnica de Propensity Score Matching para seleccionar adecuadamente en una escala multivariada el grupo de control experimental.  La combinación de estos dos elementos permite identificar y valorar la magnitud del impacto de la medida de regulación según se discute en el documento.
Two new species of Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 from Myanmar and one from Thailand (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Alycaeidae)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna , Hunyadi András
Published: November 2022

In this paper, three new species of the alycaeid genus Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 are described, namely Dicharax floridus n. sp., Dicharax spatiosus n. sp. (Both from Shan State, Myanmar) and Dicharax kosztarabi n. sp. (from Thailand). All three new species are known from their holotypes.

http://zoobank.org/28168F06-CFBF-405F-90F7-A3399060D88C
Business model innovation for sustainable operations in professional football: How supporters gain more control of the Beautiful Game
Authors: Kozma Miklos , Teker Franciska
Published: November 2022

We aim to explore whether ongoing digital innovations in Premier League clubs may substantiate a prospective change in their business model and potentially lead to a solution to the financial sustainability issue in professional football. Our exploratory study is to identify ongoing digital innovations and what changes can be foreseen in future years. The empirical analysis is based on information collected from club webpages, their selected social media pages, and top sports business journals. Our results indicate that despite the numerous digital innovations already implemented in the clubs, their utilisation has not reached a level to justify a more complex business model innovation. However, several changes indicate that such a fundamental transformation will likely happen in the foreseeable future. Our work's scholarly contribution is exploring a novel field of study concentrating on the digitally focused business model innovations of professional clubs, unlike most football business model analyses that focus on leagues. We have concluded that clubs can and should apply business innovations to look for more financially sustainable operations, even without necessarily waiting for changes to be made in the generic competitive structure they perform in.
An investigation of the experiences of physiotherapists during the Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic 2020
Authors: Han Goh Pei , Mepham Jennifer , Eastwood Bridgitte , Skinner Margot A.
Published: November 2022

Mental distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is recognised among frontline health professionals. Experiences of physiotherapists in New Zealand during the initial outbreak in early 2020 were explored in an online survey made available to members of the professional association in February 2021. Respondents (n = 326) included physiotherapists from both the public and private sectors. Mental distress was a key factor across all workplaces: 48% (n = 132) experienced stress and 44% (n = 120) felt anxious and overwhelmed. Furthermore, despite being “essential workers”, 55% (n = 11) of physiotherapists working in acute hospitals were excluded from collaborations due to misconceptions about their roles by other health professionals or poor communication. Respondents from acute hospital settings encountered a lack of training (30%; n = 10) and those from both acute, non-acute/community settings experienced inadequate access to personal protective equipment (44%; n = 19). Study outcomes suggest more work needs to be done at the managerial level to understand and support the contribution physiotherapists make as key members of the interprofessional team and to support physiotherapists’ wellbeing across all workplaces.
Studying the effect of double-stranded RNA upon activity of mouse splenocytes using flow cytometry
Authors: Tsyplenkova E. S. , Vyazovaya E. A. , Danilenko E. D.
Published: November 2022

Ribonucleic acids (RNA), in particular, double-stranded RNAs, due to their ability to modulate innate immune responses, are of undoubted interest in view of their usage as vaccine adjuvants. However, despite the fact that dsRNA preparations have been known for a long time, the issues of cellular interactions and orientation of immune response upon their exposure have not yet been properly studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro response of mouse splenocytes to dsRNA exposure in cell cultures, and after drug administration in vivo. The studies were carried out in female Balb/c mice. Activation status of various splenocyte populations after treatment with yeast dsRNA and reference substance (PolyI:PolyC) was assessed by means of flow cytometry by expression of CD69 and CD86 activation markers on CD19+B lymphocytes and CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC). During in vitro studies, the splenocytes were incubated in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for 22 hours following addition of the yeast dsRNA preparations, or PolyI:PolyC (2.5 μg/mL) preparation. Single-stranded high-polymer RNA (hpRNA), which is a component of the substance, was used as an additional control at the dose of 16 μg/mL. Our study has shown that the activating effect of dsRNA and PolyI:PolyC on expression of CD86 and CD69 markers upon the cells of the entire pool of splenocytes, B lymphocytes and DC. Highly polymeric RNA increased the total number of CD86+ cells in the population without changing the expression level of these markers upon B lymphocytes and DCs. When performing the in vivo studies, yeast dsRNA substance was administered intravenously into mice at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, and hpRNA was used at a dose of 16 mg/kg. The number of CD69+ and CD86+ splenocytes was assessed 4 hours after drug administration. The highest stimulating effect of dsRNA was registered with CD69 expression marker: significantly increased numbers of CD69+ cells were registered for B lymphocytes and the entire cell population. The stimulation of CD86 co-receptor expression on B lymphocytes was less pronounced, but statistically significant. The ability of single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs to cause significant increase in CD86+ cell numbers was demonstrated among dendritic cell population. The results of the study made it possible to evaluate the effect of dsRNA on the immune cell function, with respect of their interaction, maturation, and migration. This approach may be useful for developing optimal strategies for selection and screening of new nucleic acid-based adjuvants.
Features of the Candida genus community pattern in the intestinal biotope of patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Kholodov Artyom A. , Zakharova Yu. V. , Otdushkina Larisa Yu. , Bryukhacheva E. O. , Pyanzova Tatiana V.
Published: November 2022

Fungi are opportunistic microorganisms that colonize all biotopes of the human body, including intestinal. In case of emerging adverse environmental factors (HIV infection, other immunodeficiencies, antibiotic therapy), these microbial representatives begin active reproduction, which might require prescribing antimycotics. Frequent use of the latter in clinical practice induces the development of drug resistance to antifungal drugs, which may impact on effectiveness of both the treatment of fungal infections and other diseases. The purpose of the study was to assess the pattern and spectrum of drug resistance of Candida genus in the intestinal biotope of patients with respiratory tuberculosis and identify risk factors for developing total fungal drug resistance to antimycotic drugs. Material and methods. There were enrolled 21 patients with respiratory tuberculosis. Pattern of the fungal species diversity for the Candida genus isolated from faeces was evaluated, and the spectrum of relevant drug resistance to antimycotic drugs was determined. Patients (n = 21) were divided into 2 groups: with (n = 10) and without (n = 11) total resistance to antimycotics, after which the main risk factors for its development were identified. Results. Members of the Candida genus were isolated from all patients examined, wherein pure cell cultures were characterized by high level of antimycotics resistance. Resistance to three drugs was noted in 1 culture (4.8%), to four in 10 cultures (47.6%), also found in 10 cultures to the entire drug panel (47.6%). During statistical processing, the data were obtained on affecting formation of total resistance to antimycotics of concomitant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of a clinically significant dyspeptic syndrome, a history of antimycotic therapy, HIV infection with severe immunodeficiency, and some decrease in the peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocyte count. Conclusion. Fungi of the Candida genus isolated from tuberculosis patients were characterized by high level of resistance to antimycotics. Total resistance was observed in 47.6% of patients. In addition, the major fungi colonizing the intestines of tuberculosis patients were found to be Candida albicans species. The risk factors for the development of total antifungal resistance included: chronic enterocolitis, dyspeptic syndrome, peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocyte count lower than 350 cells/l, and history of antimycotic therapy.
Immune response evaluation in the guinea pigs after immunization with the experimental Puumala virus vaccine
Authors: Kurashova S. S. , Balovneva M. V. , Ishmukhametov A. A. , Teodorovich R. D. , Popova Yu. V. , Tkachenko E. A. , Dzagurova T. K.
Published: November 2022

In the Russian Federation, the vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is at the stage of preclinical and clinical trials. The aim of the study was to analyze an effect of vaccine schedule on neutralizing antibodies (nAB) dynamics in guinea pig models applied with experimental Puumala virus based hantavirus vaccine (HV). Quantitative evaluation of neutralizing antibodies was presented as antibody titer geometric mean expressed in binary logarithms (log2) by the 50% reduction of focus-forming units (FRNT50) in Vero cell in the focus reduction neutralization test. The HV dual inoculation to guinea pigs was carried out in 14 day intervals, booster injection was applied on day 182 after the onset, in the thigh muscle tissue by using 0.3 ml undiluted (HV-u/d) and in the 1/10 dilution (HV-1/10). nAB titer on day 14 after the first HV-u/d and HV-1/10 injection was measured to be at titer of 5.50.3 and 4.80.3, respectively. After the second injection, the nAB peak was as high as 90.2 on day 42 after the first HV-u/f injection, and 6.50.2 on day 14 after the HV-1/10 injection. nAB decreased down to 6.20.3 and 50.3, respectively, on day 364 after the first injection. The booster HV-u/d and HV-1/10 injection induced increase in nAB up to 9.50.3 and 6.50.3, respectively. After the booster injection, it induced significantly higher nAB observed on day 238 after the first HV-u/d injection and delayed up to the 294 day for the HV-1/10. The results of the study indicated the early formation of the immune response, long-term nAB persistence and significantly enhanced immune response after the booster injection on day 182, which indicated a potential for the booster injection a year later. The immunological efficacy and protective activity of the vaccine schedule may be finally assessed according to the results of clinical trials.
Modified quantitative approach for assessing peripheral blood TREC and KREC levels in immunodeficient patients
Authors: Saitgalina M. A. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Liubimova N. E. , Semenov A. V. , Kuznetsova R. N. , Totolian A. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The immune status is a multifaceted parameter quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing functional activity immune system state in immune organs as well as some non-specific mechanisms of antimicrobial protection. Peripheral blood level of T-receptor excision rings (TREC) and B-cell excision rings (KREC), respectively, can serve as surrogate markers of T- and B-cell maturation. Currently, the diagnostic kits available on the market have two significant disadvantages: i) the kits are aimed at diagnosing immunodeficiency conditions only in newborns and children, while keeping adult patients uncovered; ii) essentially, use solely single reference normalization gene for data normalization resulting in increased variability and decreased sensitivity of the assay data. The aim: to develop a highly sensitive method for laboratory assessment of the state of immunity in immunodeficient patients by using real-time PCR for assessing TREC and KREC level in children and adults. Materials and methods. There were used whole blood and dry blood spot samples obtained from newborns and adults, apparently healthy individuals as well as patients with verified PID and HIV-infection. A total of 2577 samples were examined. Commercial kits were used as comparison methods. Results. Multiplex PCR was carried out, analyzing the number of target molecules TREC and KREC, as well as fragments of the HPRT and RPP30 normalization genes analyzed with the developed series of plasmid calibrators. The established analytical range of TREC/KREC DNA measurements comprised 103 to 109 copies/mL. The accuracy of measurements on a tablet-type instrument (CFX) was 95.84%, on a rotary-type instrument (Rotor-Gene 3000) 95.11%, which corresponds to the standard indicator. The equivalence between the data obtained after assessing whole blood samples and dry blood drops was shown. The data analysis allowed to find out 100%-diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the method proposed. Conclusion. The method developed by us allows to diagnose decline in T- and/or B-cell immunity in children and adults and can be used to detect TREC and KREC molecules both in peripheral whole blood samples and dry blood spots using Guthrie cards. Moreover, the uniform values of reference norms can be used regardless of the type of analyzed clinical material. The study data evidence about potential for effective use of multiplex PCR diagnostics both for complex primary testing/screening of newborns and assessing state of immunity to identify adult patients with PID and as a part of the diagnostic monitoring of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies, e.g., HIV infection.
Camino al Sumo Sacerdote: Conceptos soteriológicos en las primeras visiones de Ellen G. White sobre el santuario
Authors: Reis Douglas
Published: November 2022

Desde el movimiento millerita, el santuario ha sido un tema teológico de la mayor importancia y lo ha sido también con el surgimiento de los adventistas sabatarios, un grupo que se convertiría en la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día. Entre varios autores adventistas que se ocuparon del santuario celestial, cabe destacar la contribución de Ellen G. White. Desde sus primeras visiones, es posible verla contribución de la doctrina del santuario a una soteriología adventista. El presente artículo analiza el contexto histórico y los temas principales de las visiones iniciales de Ellen G. White sobre el santuario, buscando resaltar los conceptos soteriológicos que ayudaron a formar la visión única de la salvación sostenida por los pioneros adventistas.
To Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Intraabdominal Abscess, the Application of Nonoperative Management Should be Circumspect Considering Patient Factors and the Nature of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Lee You Jin , Yoon Kwang Hyun
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Surgery and nonoperative management (NOM) are the treatment modalities for acute appendicitis (AA). There is little evidence to indicate which treatment method should be performed according to the patient's condition or disease severity, surgical extension, and timing after an appendectomy. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative intra-abdominal abscess (PIAA) associated with these factors.Methods: The medical records of 839 patients who underwent appendectomy after a diagnosis of AA between 2019 and 2020 at Gangneung Asan Medical Centre were reviewed retrospectively. The factors associated with PIAA were evaluated.Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 92 patients. Following appendectomy, 16 (1.9%), 83 (9.9%), and three (0.4%) patients developed PIAA, surgical site infection, and incisional hernia, respectively. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class, complicated appendicitis on preoperative abdominal computed tomography, failure of NOM, and extensive surgery above appendectomy were associated with the development of PIAA. However, a laparoscopic approach, irrigation, indwelling drain, ultrasonic dissection, and use of sterile bags were not associated with the development of PIAA.Conclusion: NOM for some patients with complicated AA is an attractive treatment modality. However, to reduce the incidence of PIAA, the application of NOM should be circumspect considering patient factors and the nature of acute appendicitis. Furthermore, appendectomy should be performed as early as possible for patients not indicated for NOM.
Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Blunt Pancreatic Trauma in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Kim Gil Hwan , Kim Jae Hun , Kim Sun Hyun
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic injury is rare in pediatric cases of blunt abdominal trauma and nonoperative management is preferred in pediatric patients. There are more concerns about operative treatment observed in pediatric patients compared with adult patients. However, some pediatric cases require surgical treatment. If distal pancreatectomy is performed, the necessity of splenectomy should be considered, especially in pediatric patients. This study reports the case of a 17-month-old patient with a Grade 3 pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma. The patient was successfully managed by spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. In conclusion, this surgical technique can be performed safely, and complications caused by splenectomy can be prevented using this technique.
Protocolos de Revisão
Authors: Moraes Érica Brandão de
Published: November 2022

Revisões sistemáticas e de escopo são estudos complexos, pois envolvem o desenvolvimento de etapas com avaliação independente de pelo menos dois revisores e uso de softwares de automação de dados, além do rigor metodológico que deve ser adotado para se obter uma revisão de qualidade.
Growth in children aged 5 to 15 years with special reference to sexual maturity rating: cross-sectional study
Authors: Cherian Carol Sara , Sajan Bibin
Published: November 2022

Background: Puberty is a critical period for children since hormonal changes impact directly on linear and sexual growth. This study aimed to assess the growth pattern of children aged 5-15 years with special reference to sexual maturity and to find association of sexual maturity rating (SMR) with body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic scores.Methods: Cross sectional study was done in Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences a tertiary care hospital. The 910 children in the age group of 5 to 15 years with consent /assent formed the study group via multistage sampling. Study period was for 18 months (March 2016 to September 2017). Physical examination included anthropometry and SMR by Tanner staging. Probit analysis was done to calculate the mean ages of attainment of SMR. Bivariate analysis and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to test the possible association between SMR and BMI/ socioeconomic status.Results:910 children were included in the study (M:F=1.25:1). The mean and 50th percentile values for height and weight were in close agreement in all age groups in both sexes. The maximum increase in height was noted between 11-12 years in girls and 14-15 years in boys. The mean age of onset of Gonadarche and Pubarche in boys was 11.4±0.99 years and 12.4±1.36 years respectively. The mean age of attainment of Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche was 10.4±1.38, 10.9±1.29, and 11.2±1.56 years respectively in girls. The time interval between Thelarche and Menarche was 10 months. The association of thelarche with SES was statistically significant (p<0.001). Overweight/obese girls showed 9.6 months earlier onset of thelarche when compared to the normal/thin subjects.Conclusions: The study yielded normative values for height, weight, and sexual maturation patterns in children of central Kerala. Obese/overweight female subjects tend to attain sexual maturation earlier compared to non-obese subjects.
Doppler alternans in pediatric emergency: correlation between clinical, Doppler waveforms and silent ventricular dysfunction by POCUS echo
Authors: Tomar Munesh , Chaudhuri Maitri , Tomar Hariraj Singh
Published: November 2022

Pulsus alternans (PA), reported in nineteenth century, is a subtle abnormality, often missed in emergency situations. However, the significance lies in its association with severe ventricular dysfunction. This case reports an 8-year-old child presenting with heart failure in emergency department. Abdominal aortic Doppler displayed pulsus/Doppler alternans. Step by step investigation of Doppler clue unearthed severe left ventricular dysfunction secondary to systemic arterial hypertension.
Dyskeratosis congenita: a case report
Authors: Bagchi Basab
Published: November 2022

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia along with bone marrow failure and increased predisposition to malignant tumours. Here we describe a 7-year-old child who presented with classic triad of pigmentation, nail changes, leukoplakia along with manifestations of bone marrow failure. He was initially put on androgen therapy with plan for a possible matched related allogenic HSCT. A haematologist should be aware of the complications of therapy, bronchopulmonary complications, futility of IST and dangers of using myeloablative transplant in such a patient.
Chiari malformations: not every disability is visible
Authors: Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Farhan Muhammad , Inban Pugazhendi , Mitra Spandana
Published: November 2022

In Chiari malformation (CM), portions of the brain or spinal cord is pushed down through the foramen magnum, which is located at the bottom of your skull. This causes a portion of the brain to be in contact with the part of the spinal column-usually the spinal cord. The cerebrospinal fluid, however, may be pushed up through the hole making it difficult to detect in this condition. These are a collection of malformations affecting the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata in the posterior fossa and hindbrain. Problems caused by these malformations range from the lack of the cerebellum to the cerebellar tonsils protruding through the foramen magnum, with or without additional intracranial or extracranial anomalies such as hydrocephalus, encephalocele, syrinx, or spinal dysraphism. CMs can be of several types and are more common in females than in males and in children than in adults. This is because they are growing and developing at a rapid rate, which leads them to have a greater amount of skull growth. In this review article, we discuss the various types of CMs, their pathophysiology, clinical features, imaging characteristics, treatment, and why they form an important complex of rare disorders necessary to be diagnosed early.
Molluscum contagiosum could become an early sign of HIV infection
Authors: Hardiani Ni Luh Raka M. , Suryana Ketut , Suhardinatha Kadek A.
Published: November 2022

HIV is a type of virus that attack the immune system, causing it unable to function normally and putting the person in a condition called immunocompromised and is vulnerable to lots of infection. People living with HIV are prone to complications if there is persisting infection and inflammation. One of the inflammation markers is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Complication on the skin is one of the frequently happened. One of it is Molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum contagiosum caused by virus infection which target the epidermal layer of the skin that result in formation of round, umbilicated, painless papule or nodule. In this case report, we present a male, 49 years old which has complained of persistent fatigue and diarrhea. There is multiple rounds, skin-colored, painless papules on his face and neck since 6 month ago which keep increasing. Laboratory result show decrease in hemoglobin and high neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. In HIV, the NLR value has a significant negative correlation with the CD4 amount. The existence of molluscum contagiosum in an adult with unknown HIV status need to be considered as a possibility of an immunocompromised especially if accompanied with other conditions. In the patient with HIV, with the existence of Molluscum contagiosum, the possibility of decreasing CD4 and increasing viral load need to be suspected. The patient’s obedience in consuming ARV also needs a careful attention.
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine acceptance, associated factors and perceived barriers among Dire Dawa university students, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Sertsu Adissu , Hailu Mikiale , Legesse Henok
Published: November 2022

Background: Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a family of severe acute respiratory infection first detected in 2019 in China. It has made high morbidity and mortality across the world. Currently, most countries including Ethiopia have taken preventive measures including vaccine. However, there is still limited evidence in COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and perceived barriers among some subgroups like university students. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess it and fill the information gap to enable intervention.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01 to 30 2022 at Dire Dawa university and 337 students were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured, self-administered questionnaire, entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A p<0.2 at Bivarate to select variables for multivariable and <0.05 at multivariable with 95% CI was considered as statistical significance.  

Results: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 26.7% (95% CI: 22-31.5%). Urban resident (AOR: 3.13, CI: 1.61-6.10), mothers’ education (AOR: 3.48, CI: 1.44-8.43), knowledge (AOR: 2.23, CI: 1.21-4.11) and favorable intention towards COVID-19 prevention (AOR: 2.21, CI: 1.11-4.38) were independent factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was lower than national average in Ethiopia. The predictors were residence, mothers’ education, knowledge and intention towards COVID-19 prevention. Major barriers were misconceptions, uncertainty on effectiveness, concern on side effects and a need to know more about the vaccine. Integrated health education campaign on vaccine’s misconception was recommended. 
Supernaturalism and oral health: a case report
Authors: Swamy Aravindh , . Angelinteena
Published: November 2022

Superstitious beliefs have frequently been observed among patients in our daily procedures. A belief that is not supported by scientific information is considered superstitious. Superstition is frequently used by traditional healers to treat human health issues and diseases, which puts them at odds with the medical community's use of evidence-based treatment methods. Dental and medical experts agree that this type of practice is risky since it is carried out by unskilled individuals using unsterilized devices in unclean settings. Certain customs that go against the advice of conventional medical professionals are harmful to the public's health. Depending on the sort of practice used, they may have an impact on the affected population's oral and overall health. Treating oral health requires thorough knowledge of oral cavity and any home remedies cannot cure it. This case report highlights a case of such misconception in treating tooth pain at home, which resulted in a tragedy that reported to the department of oral medicine diagnosis and radiology of Sree Balaji dental college and hospital.
Oral verrucous leukoplakia progression to malignancy: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Sarumathi T. , Angelinteena S. , . Aravindhswamy
Published: November 2022

Oral leukoplakia is one of most prevalent oral potential malignant disorders caused due to smoking. Non homogenous forms of leukoplakia have the higher rates of malignant transformation. Clinical diagnosis of these lesions is essential to avoid the fatality. Hereby, we report a case of verrucous leukoplakia which was histo-pathologically diagnosed as verrucous leukoplakia with moderate dysplasia and managed with surgical excision.
Gut microbiota in human health: insights and discussion on the role of probiotics
Authors: Patwari Sudhanshu
Published: November 2022

Gut microbiota remains stable and individualized throughout life, but there are inter-species or intra-species variations that may be controlled by various environmental factors. Several diseases may be associated with dysbiosis like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastric and colon cancer, and sometimes colorectal polyps, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver cirrhosis, because of the gut-derived neurotoxins. There is a 10% to 30% risk of development of post-infectious IBS despite the beneficial effects of a low FODMAP diet on IBS symptoms. This diet reduces the luminal concentration of one of the most common bacteria that is the Bifidobacterium. Therefore, probiotics help in the restoration of normal gut microbiota, are a valuable tool in the treatment of certain diseases and help in recovering microbial balance in the gut. Bifidobacterium W11 is a novel probiotic with certain special characteristics that can be of benefit in dysbiosis. This review evaluates gut microbiota dysbiosis, associated complications of dysbiosis, and benefits of treatment with probiotics based on focused group discussions of various experts from India, followed by guidance statements based on analysis of published literature. The beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium longum W11 (B. longum W11) in the management of IBS, IBD, and liver diseases have been elaborated. The proposed management strategy can effectively aid the management of gut dysbiosis in several gastrointestinal conditions and help in understanding the judicious use of probiotics.
Bedside emergency tracheostomy in Ludwig neck- a dilemma: case report
Authors: Munjal Manish , Kundra Sandeep , Berry Amit , Munjal Shubham , Sharma Salony , . Swati , Talwar Shivam , Chawla Deeksha , Kaur Hardeep , Sandhu Lovleen , Gupta Dhruv
Published: November 2022

A stony hard rigid neck is the typical presentation in the angina of Von Ludwig. Suddenly with excruciating pain generalized severe cellulitis of the neck is noticed. It flares up quickly and extends on either side, in the submandibular, sublingual and submental triangles thereby manifesting as a medical emergency. This necessitates a prompt diagnosis and intervention medical or surgical as the case maybe, lest a life maybe lost. A neck swelling secondary to self-manipulation of a loose dental plate with impacted wire is being reported. This odontogenic infection had accessed the deeper tissues of a neck with elevation of the floor of the mouth obstructing the airway with consequent breathlessness and stridor; with need to regain his airway by emergency tracheostomy. At the same time a cervical fasciotomy was undertaken to drain the potentially involved spaces.

 
Clinical relevance of Bennett\'s contribution – An overview
Authors: Nair K Chandrasekharan , Nair Vivek V , Kumar K Harsha , Ravichandran R , V Prasanth , Janardanan Kavitha
Published: November 2022

Bennett movement has been extensively discussed in the literature, yet the clinical relevance of Bennett’s contribution in the field of Prosthodontics and restorative dentistry remains unclear.

An electronic search of articles in PubMed database for relevant literature published between 1958 until present day was meticulously scrutinized with the following search terms: lateral movements or immediate mandibular lateral translation or mandibular side shift or Bennett side shift or Bennett movement.

After conducting an extensive and in-depth review of the literature, the authors were unable to conclusively find the clinical relevance of Bennett movement. Moreover, the logical sequence could not be negated fully. For the beginners in the profession, it is desirable to incorporate this for intellectual and logical satisfaction until new research proves otherwise.

The Bennett movement have little or no clinical impact in a restorative occlusal scheme.
Obturator prosthesis with esthetic retainer for hemimaxillectomy patient: A case report
Authors: Parameswari B. Devi , Ranjith R. , Annapoorni H. , Dhevishri S.
Published: November 2022

Congenital or acquired, intraoral or extraoral, traumas or carcinomas are known to produce psychological imbalances in patients with the least expectations of returning to their normal lives. Oral carcinomas are the fifth most common of all. The major goals of rehabilitation are such patients are to restore function, speech, swallowing, and aesthetics. However, there are many limitations in achieving these goals, an obturator prosthesis remains as the first line of choice in these maxillectomy patients.