bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação química de cachaça envelhecida em madeiras Brasileiras
Authors: Morais Karla Cristina Rodrigues Cardoso , Jesus Lázaro Sátiro de , Ribeiro Gislane Oliveira , Caliari Márcio , Silva Flávio Alves , Lião Luciano Morais
Published: August 2022

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento da cachaça melhora a qualidade do produto tornando-o mais competitivo, pois promove diminuição do sabor alcoólico e da agressividade da bebida, com simultâneo aumento da doçura e do sabor, os quais são dependentes do tipo de madeira utilizada durante o envelhecimento. O conhecimento do perfil químico da bebida é importante uma vez que o mesmo é responsável pelas propriedades sensoriais e qualidade da mesma, permitindo ainda a identificação de compostos contaminantes. Objetivo: Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas e composição volátilde cachaça envelhecida por 12 meses em dornas de Ipê amarelo (Tabebuia sp.), Jatobá(Hymenaea sp.) e Sassafrás (Ocotea sp.). Material e métodos: As avaliações físico-químicas foram realizadas através das análises de acidez volátil, grau alcoólico, densidade e extratoseco e por cromatografia gasosa foram determinados os teores de aldeído, ésteres, metanol, alcoóis superiores, furfural e carbamato de etila. Resultados: As cachaças envelhecidas nas diferentes madeiras apresentaram aumento da acidez volátil, densidade e extrato seco. Por outro lado, apresentaram uma redução no grau alcoólico. Nas análises de compostos voláteis, todas as cachaças envelhecidas apresentaram aumento no teor de álcoois superiores, acetaldeído e carbamato de etila e não alterou as concentrações de ésteres e furfural. Com relação ao teor de metanol, somente a cachaça envelhecida em dornas de Ipê apresentou diferença significativa. Conclusão: As madeiras utilizadas para envelhecimento das bebidas apresentaram grande potencial de utilização, agregando diferentes características químicas e sensoriais às cachaças
Source Apportionment of VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs by Positive Matrix Factorization in Suburban Livermore, California
Authors: Wernis Rebecca A. , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Weber Robert J. , Drozd Greg T. , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Gas- and particle–phase molecular markers provide highly specific information about the sources and atmospheric processes that contribute to air pollution. In urban areas, major sources of pollution are changing as regulation selectively mitigates some pollution sources and climate change impacts the surrounding environment. In this study, a Comprehensive Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (cTAG) was used to measure volatile, intermediate volatility, and semi-volatile molecular markers every other hour over a 10-day period from 11 April to 21 April 2018 in suburban Livermore, California. Source apportionment via Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was performed to identify major sources of pollution. The PMF analysis identified 13 components, including emissions from gasoline, consumer products, biomass burning, secondary oxidation, aged regional transport, and several factors associated with single compounds or specific events with unique compositions. The gasoline factor had a distinct morning peak in concentration but lacked a corresponding evening peak, suggesting commute-related traffic emissions are dominated by cold starts in residential areas. More monoterpene and monoterpenoid mass was assigned to consumer product emissions than biogenic sources, underscoring the increasing importance of volatile chemical products to urban emissions. Daytime isoprene concentrations were controlled by biogenic sunlight- and temperature-dependent processes, mediated by strong midday mixing, but gasoline was found to be the dominant and likely only source of isoprene at night. Biomass burning markers indicated residential wood burning activity remained an important pollution source even in the springtime. This study demonstrates the utility of specific high-time-resolution molecular marker measurements across a wide range of volatility in more comprehensively describing pollution source profiles than a narrower volatility range would allow.
Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020
Authors: Barnoud Anne , Pfeffer Julia , Cazenave Anny , Ablain Michaël
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We investigate the continuity and stability of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite gravimetric missions by assessing the ocean mass budget at global scale over 2005–2020, focusing on the last years of the record (2015–2020) when GRACE and GRACE Follow-On faced instrumental problems. For that purpose, we compare the global mean ocean mass estimates from GRACE and GRACE Follow-On to the sum of its contributions from Greenland, Antarctica, land glaciers and terrestrial water storage estimated with independent observations. A significant residual trend of -1.60 ± 0.36 mm/yr over 2015–2018 is observed. We also compare the gravimetry-based global mean ocean mass with the altimetry-based global mean sea level corrected for the thermosteric contribution. We estimate and correct for the drift of the wet tropospheric correction of the Jason-3 altimetry mission computed from the on-board radiometer. It accounts for about 40 % of the budget residual trend beyond 2015. After correction, the remaining residual trend amounts to -0.90 ± 0.78 mm/yr over 2015–2018 and -0.96 ± 0.48 mm/yr over 2015–2020. GRACE and GRACE Follow-On data might be responsible for part of the observed non-closure of the ocean mass budgets since 2015. However, we show that significant interannual variability is not well accounted for by the data used for the other components of the budget, including the thermosteric sea level and the terrestrial water storage. Besides, missing contributions from the evolution of the deep ocean or the atmospheric water vapour may also contribute.
GULF18, a high-resolution NEMO-based tidal ocean model of the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Bruciaferri Diego , Tonani Marina , Ascione Isabella , Al Senafi Fahad , O'Dea Enda , Hewitt Helene Theresa , Saulter Andrew
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The sensitivity of a shelf sea model of the Gulf area to changes in the bathymetry, lateral and vertical resolution, vertical coordinates and external forcing is explored. Two new Gulf models with a resolution of 1.8 km named GULF18-3.6 and GULF18-4.0 differing only in the vertical coordinate system and the NEMO codebase employed (NEMO-3.6 and NEMO-4.0.4, respectively) are introduced. We compare them against the existing 4 km PGM4 model, which is based on NEMO-3.4 and is developed and used by the Met Office. PGM4 and GULF18-3.6 use a similar type of quasi-terrain-following vertical levels while GULF18-4.0 employs the multi-envelope method to discretise the model domain in the vertical direction. Our assessment compares non-assimilative hindcast simulations of the three Gulf models for the period 2014–2017 against available observations of tides, hydrography and surface currents. Numerical results indicate that both high resolution models have higher skill than PGM4 in representing the sea surface temperature and the water column stratification on the shelf. In addition, in the proximity of the shelf-break and the deep part of the domain GULF18-4.0 generally presents the highest accuracy, demonstrating the benefit of optimising the vertical grid for the leading physical processes. For the tides and the surface currents the three models give comparable results. However, our tidal harmonic analysis suggests that future work may be needed in order to get real benefit from using a more realistic bottom topography as in the case of the GULF18 models.
Isotopic offsets between bulk plant water and its sources are larger in cool and wet environments
Authors: de la Casa Javier , Barbeta Adrià , Rodríguez-Uña Asun , Wingate Lisa , Ogée Jérôme , Gimeno Teresa E.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Isotope-based approaches to study plant water sources rely on the
assumption that root water uptake and within-plant water transport are
non-fractionating processes. However, a growing number of studies have
reported offsets between plant and source water stable isotope composition
for a wide range of ecosystems. These isotopic offsets can result in the
erroneous attribution of source water used by plants and potential
overestimations of groundwater uptake by the vegetation. We conducted a
global meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of these plant source water
isotopic offsets and explored whether their variability could be explained
by either biotic or abiotic factors. Our database compiled 112 studies
spanning arctic to tropical biomes that reported the dual water isotope
composition (δ2H and δ18O) of plant (stem) and
source water, including soil water (sampled following various methodologies
and along a variable range of depths). We calculated plant source 2H
offsets in two ways: a line conditioned excess (LC-excess) that describes
the 2H deviation from the local meteoric water line and a soil water
line conditioned excess (SW-excess) that describes the deviation from the
soil water line, for each sampling campaign within each study. We tested for the effects of climate (air temperature and soil water content), soil class, and plant traits (growth form, leaf habit, wood density, and parenchyma fraction and mycorrhizal habit) on LC-excess and SW-excess. Globally, stem water was more depleted in 2H than in soil water (SW-excess <  0) by 3.02±0.65 ‰ (P < 0.05 according to estimates of our linear mixed model and weighted by sample size within studies). In 95 % of the cases where SW-excess was negative, LC-excess was negative, indicating that the uptake of water that had not undergone evaporative enrichment (such as groundwater) was unlikely to explain the observed soil–plant water isotopic offsets. Soil class and plant traits did not have any significant effect on SW-excess. SW-excess was more negative in cold and wet sites, whereas it was more positive in warm sites. The climatic effects on SW-excess suggest that methodological artefacts are unlikely to be the sole cause of observed isotopic offsets. Our results would imply that plant source water isotopic offsets may lead to inaccuracies when using the isotopic composition of bulk stem water as a proxy to infer plant water
sources.
An innovative device for enlarging the allowable misalignment for screwing tasks
Authors: Ku Hao-Tien , Chen Yu-Hsun
Published: August 2022

Abstract. To ensure the repeatability in a screwing task, the robot manipulators have to be calibrated regularly. If the allowable position error of the manipulator is increased, then the frequency of stopping a production line and calibrating the manipulators can be lower; therefore, the cost can be also decreased. This paper presents an innovative device for enlarging the allowable misalignment (DEAM) with five mechanisms, namely detecting, trigger, positioning, pin-and-stopper, and screwing mechanisms. By scanning around the target threaded hole, the screw can be precisely positioned at the location where the hole is detected by the probe. The motion and force analysis are carried out and verified through computer-aided simulation, and the sensitivity of the linkage tolerance is analyzed to ensure that the output position error of the mechanism does not affect the function of the device. Finally, the performance of the innovative device is verified by prototype testing, and the allowable misalignment is enlarged by about 6 times for an M6 screw.
Impact of a long-lived anticyclonic mesoscale eddy on seawater anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean: a composite analysis from hydrographic measurements, sea level altimetry data, and reanalysis model products
Authors: Purkiani Kaveh , Haeckel Matthias , Haalboom Sabine , Schmidt Katja , Urban Peter , Gazis Iason-Zois , de Stigter Henko , Paul André , Walter Maren , Vink Annemiek
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Using observational data,
satellite altimeters, and reanalysis model products, we have investigated eddy-induced seawater anomalies and heat and salt transport in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. An eddy detection algorithm (EDA) was used to identify eddy formation at the Mexican Tehuantepec Gulf (TT) in July 2018 during an unusually strong summer wind event. The eddy separated from the coast with a mean translation velocity of 11 cm s−1 and a mean radius of 115 km and traveled 2050–2400 km westwards off the Central American coast, where it was followed at approx 114∘ W and 11∘ N for oceanographic observation between April and May 2019. The in situ observations show that the major eddy impacts are restricted to the upper 300 m of the water column and are traceable down to 1500 m water depth. In the eddy core at 92 m water depth an extreme positive temperature anomaly of 8.2 ∘C, a negative salinity anomaly of −0.78 psu, a positive fluorescence anomaly of +0.8 mg m−3, and a positive dissolved oxygen concentration anomaly of 137 µmol kg−1 are observed.
Compared with annual climatological averages in 2018, the water trapped within the eddy is estimated to transport an average positive westward zonal heat anomaly of 85×1012 W and an average westward negative salt anomaly of -2.1×106 kg s−1. The heat transport is the equivalent of 1 % of the total annual zonal eddy-induced heat transport at this latitude in the Pacific Ocean. Understanding the dynamics of long-lived mesoscale eddies that may reach the seafloor in this region of the Pacific Ocean is especially important in light of potential deep-sea mining activities that are being targeted on this area.
Summertime Rossby waves in climate models: substantial biases in surface imprint associated with small biases in upper-level circulation
Authors: Luo Fei , Selten Frank , Wehrli Kathrin , Kornhuber Kai , Le Sager Philippe , May Wilhelm , Reerink Thomas , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Shiogama Hideo , Tokuda Daisuke , Kim Hyungjun , Coumou Dim
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In boreal summer, circumglobal Rossby waves can promote
stagnating weather systems that favor extreme events like heat waves or
droughts. Recent work showed that amplified Rossby wavenumber 5 and 7 show
phase-locking behavior which can trigger simultaneous warm anomalies in
different breadbasket regions in the Northern Hemisphere. These types of
wave patterns thus pose a potential threat to human health and ecosystems.
The representation of such persistent wave events in summer and their
surface anomalies in general circulation models (GCMs) has not been
systematically analyzed. Here we validate the representation of wavenumbers
1–10 in three state-of-the-art global climate models (EC-Earth, CESM, and
MIROC), quantify their biases, and provide insights into the underlying
physical reasons for the biases. To do so, the ExtremeX experiments output
data were used, consisting of (1) historic simulations with a freely running atmosphere with prescribed ocean and experiments that additionally (2) nudge towards the observed upper-level horizontal winds, (3) prescribe soil moisture conditions, or (4) do both. The experiments are used to trace the sources of the model biases to either the large-scale atmospheric
circulation or surface feedback processes. Focusing on wave 5 and wave 7, we show that while the wave's position and magnitude are generally well
represented during high-amplitude (> 1.5 SD) episodes, the
associated surface anomalies are substantially underestimated. Near-surface
temperature, precipitation and mean sea level pressure are typically
underestimated by a factor of 1.5 in terms of normalized standard
deviations. The correlations and normalized standard deviations for surface
anomalies do not improve if the soil moisture is prescribed. However, the
surface biases are almost entirely removed when the upper-level atmospheric
circulation is nudged. When both prescribing soil moisture and nudging the
upper-level atmosphere, then the surface biases remain quite similar to the
experiment with a nudged atmosphere only. We conclude that the near-surface
biases in temperature and precipitation are in the first place related to
biases in the upper-level circulation. Thus, relatively small biases in the
models' representation of the upper-level waves can strongly affect
associated temperature and precipitation anomalies.
Prepozytury szpitalne - podstawowy typ polskiego szpitala średniowiecznego
Authors: Surdacki Marian
Published: August 2022

Wraz z przyjęciem chrześcijaństwa przez Mieszka I w państwie polskim pojawiły się, wypracowane już wcześniej przez Kościół na Zachodzie Europy instytucje i formy życia społecznego. Jedna z najważniejszych, obok różnego typu szkół, były szpitale. Aż do Oświecenia stanowiły one podstawowy i dominujący typ instytucji opiekuńczych. Pełniły przede wszystkim funkcje przytułku. Do końca XIII w. szpitale na ziemiach polskich prowadzone były przez zakony, najpierw mnisze (benedyktyni, cystersi), później kanonickie i rycersko-szpitalne (zakon Świętego Ducha, krzyżacy z czerwoną gwiazdą, kanonicy regularni św. Augustyna, bożobrobcy, joannici, krzyżacy niemieccy). Wraz z tworzeniem diecezji i katedr powstawały też nieliczne szpitale katedralne i biskupie, a także kolegiackie. Przełomem w rozwoju polskiego szpitalnictwa średniowiecznego było pojawienie się na przełomie XIII i XIV w. stulecia w miastach, szczególnie większych, szpitali prepozyturalnych. Były to instytucje złożone z dwu integralnie ze sobą związanych elementów (budynków): kościoła szpitalnego i przytułku. Duszpasterstwo dla pensjonariuszy w kościele sprawował ksiądz kapelan szpitalny, tzw. porepozyt, zaś szpitalem i jego beneficjum zarządzali delegowani przez miasto dwaj urzędnicy miejscy – prowizorzy. Szpitale te, w zdecydowanej większości noszące wezwanie Świętego Ducha, lokalizowane były na obrzeżach miast lub poza murami miejskimi. Z reguły mieszkało w nich kilkunastu pensjonariuszy: przeważnie byli starcy, ubodzy, kalecy, sieroty oraz chorzy. W wieku XIV-XV prepozytury szpitalne przeszły proces tzw. komunalizacji, czyli bardzo dużego uzależnienia od władz miejskich. Apogeum rozwoju tych szpitali przypadł na końcowe dwa wieki średniowiecza, niemniej absolutna większość działało nadal w wiekach nowożytnych.
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR ORANGTUA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD INPRES NO 198 SULI-SULIKABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: M Muh. Akbar , Angreani A. Vivit
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari pelaksanaan bimbingan belajar orangtua  terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan kuesioner (angket)  utama dalam pengumpulan data. Sedangkan responden yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 21 orang berasal dari para siswa kelas  IV SD Inpres No 198 Suli-suli. Pada proses analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dengan bimbingan belajar orangtua sebagai variabel independen dan prestasi belajar sebagai variabel dependen. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bimbingan belajar memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan adanya hasil pengujian dari analisis Uji T, dimana pada analisis tersebut nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu sebesar 3,56209> 2,09302. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa dalam hipotesis yang diterima pada uji T adalah H1. Dimana arti dari H1 adalah bimbingan belajar memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV SD Inpres No 198 Suli-suli
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT MELALUI ALAT PERAGA KARTU GESER PADA SISWA KELAS I SD INPRES BANGKEN BONTO KECAMATAN ULUERE KABUPATEN BANTAENG
Authors: Rahayu Rahayu , Muhammadiah Mas’ud
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Clasroom Action Research) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat melalui alat peraga kartu geser pada siswa kelas I SD Inpres Bangken Bonto. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas I sebanyak 14 orang, yang terdiri dari 7 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi dan tanggapan siswa pada dua siklus yang masing-masing dilaksanakan 4 kali pertemuan. Observasi dilakukan setiap proses pembelajaran berlangsung dan tanggapan siswa tentang penggunaan alat peraga kartu geser yaitu diambil pada akhir siklus II. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriftif kualitatif. Hasil yang dicapai setelah penggunaan alat peraga kartu geser mengalami peningkatan, baik dari segi perubahan sikap siswa, keaktifan dan kesungghan serta motivasi siswa belajar matematika. Peningkatan hasil belajar dapat dilihat dari rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 71,78 dengan standar deviasi 11,37 yang berada pada kategori cukup, kemudian pada siklus II menjadi 78,92 dengan standar deviasi 12,89 yang berada pada kategori baik. Selain itu, ketuntasan klasikal juga meningkat dari 50% menjadi 85,71%. Untuk observasi mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I  ke siklus II yaitu kehadiran 80,35% menjadi 92,85%, memperhatikan materi 83,92% menjadi 91,07%, mendemostrasikan alat peraga kartu geser 37,05% menjadi 46,42%, mengajukan pertanyaan 33,92% menjadi 50%, menyelesaikan soal dipapan tulis 41,07% menjadi 57,14%, mengerjakan soal atau tes 60,71% menjadi 82,14%, aktif dalam kelompok 69,64% menjadi 89,28%, dan mengalami penurunan bimbingan guru dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal atau LKS 69,64% menjadi 32,14%. Keaktifan dan rasa percaya diri siswa mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar juga menunjukkan adanya kemauan dan kesungguhan yang nampak dari hasil observasi pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Hal tersebut di atas mengindikasikan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas I SD Inpres Bangken Bonto dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggunaan alat peraga kartu geser.
Editorial: Perspectives on history and moral encounters
Authors:   Linnaeus University, Ammert Niklas , Sharp Heather ,   The University of Newcastle, Edling Silvia ,   University of Gävle, Löfström Jan ,   University of Turku
Published: August 2022

We are at a time in world political history that seems to be on a precipice. Over the past decade, it is difficult to ignore the global growth in popularity for autocratic governments, also in some countries which for decades were either strong democracies or moving towards stable democratic governance. The current Russian attack on Ukraine brings into stark focus the political instability many citizens are facing—historical problems are causing, or used as a pretext for, current conflicts. History educators across many sectors—primary, secondary, university, and in public spaces such as museums and galleries – are curious about how these and other current events and issues can and should be approached. The events raise anew the questions of whether and how we can learn from the past, what we value as good and bad in the past, and how these insights might affect our present and future judgements. In relation to this it becomes vital to ponder how educators and members of the public can communicate the situation in Ukraine and similar events to others, while avoiding the bias that presentism can bring.
Teaching history on the scale of the Anthropocene: Three ethical challenges
Authors:   University of Stavanger, Retz Tyson
Published: August 2022

The Anthropocene strikes at the heart of the principle that making moral judgements involves a rich understanding of historical context. This article elaborates three subsequent challenges for history educators. First, locating human beings in geological time requires us to upscale our temporal conceptions of the human while downscaling our existential conceptions of the human. Second, we must make sense of a humanity that has combined an overwhelming power with a frightening loss of control, reviving the question of whether historical agents are to be morally judged by reference to their purposes and intentions. Third, history educators must be on guard against conceptions of the future that dispense with important notions of human and political agency. The challenges amount to a need to rethink the categories of scale employed by history educators to situate and explain human experience in time and space.
REVIEW PENGARUH KOFORMER ARGININ DALAM PEMBUATAN KO-AMORF DENGAN METODE BALL MILLING
Authors: Alfina Sinta , Najihudin Aji , Auliasari Nurul
Published: August 2022

Kelarutan zat aktif yang rendah di dalam air masih menjadi masalah yang banyak dihadapi dalam pengembangan formulasi di dunia farmasi. Ko-amorf merupakanÂ  salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan suatu zat di dalam air. Peningkatan kelarutan ini terjadi karena campuran antara zat aktif yang tidak larut air dengan koformer. Terdapat beberapa zat aktif yang dikembangkan dalam formulasi ko-amorf diantaranya; indometasin, naproxen dan karbamazepin dengan penambahanÂ  koformer arginin menggunakan metode ball milling. Arginin merupakan asam amino yang bersifat basa dan mempunyai kelarutan yang baik di dalam air. Review artikel ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur dimulai dari pencarian jurnal naisonal maupun internasional berdasarkan kata kunci â€œCo-amorphousâ€ â€koformer arginineâ€ dan â€Methode Ball Millingâ€ di situs google, sciencedirect, google scholar, dan situs lainnya yang mengakses jurnal penelitian, terbitan 2012-2022 yang terakreditasi atau memiliki ISSN dan E-ISSN. Berdasarkan hasil review diperoleh data bahwa arginin mampu meningkatkan stabiltas dan kelarutan indometasin sebesar 200 kali lipat dari bentuk amorfnya, naproxen sebesar 11 kali lipat dari bentuk kristalnya dan mampu meningkatkan sedikit kelarutan karbamazepin dari bentuk amorfnya. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa arginin sangat berpengaruh dalam pembuatan ko-amorf yaitu mampu meningkatkan kelarutan, besar atau kecilnya peningkatan kelarutan tergantung dari reaksi yang terjadi antara arginin dengan zat aktif yang digunakan.
Multi-objective optimization for multi-satellite scheduling task
Authors: Khojah Heba Abdulrahman , Mosa Mohamed Atef
Published: August 2022

The satellites scheduling mission play an effective role in enhancing the role of ground station control and monitoring systems. In this search, SGSEO is re-formulated into a multi-objective optimization task. Therefore, the Gravitational Search Algorithm GSA is exploited to attain several essential objectives for generating tight scheduling. Moreover, particle swarm optimization model PSO is consolidated with GSA in a novel form for strengthening its ability of local search and slow the speed of convergence. On the other side, to make the most of the satellite resources in the right direction, we have observed targets that have fewer observational opportunities to keep them from being lost. The PageRank algorithm is used to fulfil this issue by ranking the candidate's strips. Finally, the effect of different parameters of the proposed approach was studied by experimental outcomes and compared with previous methods. It has shown that the performance of the proposed approach is superior to its peers from other methods.
Hayatun Sabariah The Urgency of Knowledge of The History of The Langkat Sultancy Social Revolution for The Youth of Langkat
Authors: Fuadi Ahmad , Abdullah Hamid Hayatun Sabariah , Sufawi Muhammad
Published: August 2022

History in the form of material during the Langkat Sultanate with an important instrument in tracing an event and as tangible evidence of the history that occurred. Sultanate of Langkat which was established on 12 Rabiul Awal in 1320 H. Coinciding with June 13, 1902 AD The research technique that the author did was through a historical approach with research methods in the form of heuristics (data collection), criticism (external and internal), interpretation, architectural analysis (morphology, stylistics, technology, environment, cultural acculturation) and historiography (historical writing). The data collection technique that the author uses is through interviews, literature studies and direct observation to the location of the research object. Based on the research that the author did, it was found that the Langkat Sultanate Revolution for young people was more characterized by modernity as evidenced by the more attractive style of Malay dress. Various architectural arts of the Langkat Sultanate and have officially become cultural heritage objects in 2010 with the mosque identity number 01.5.02.05.11.00000.
Analysis of Implementation of Entertainment Tax Collection Policy in the Order to Increase Regional Tax Revenue at the DKI Jakarta Regional Revenue Agency
Authors: Singgih Rahadi Pratomo , Anisa Siffa Fitri , Permatasari Mira
Published: August 2022

This study analyzed the implementation of entertainment tax collection policies to increase local tax revenue at the Regional Revenue Agency of DKI Jakarta. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the object of research based on primary data (interviews) and secondary data (field research). This study uses the concept of Edward III's theory, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of this study indicate that the entertainment tax policy is not optimal because there are still constraints in the communication aspect, namely the lack of direct socialization with entertainment taxpayers, which causes a lack of understanding of taxpayers about local taxes from the information aspect there are still problems with entertainment providers who have not been registered and registered businesses. entertainment as a tax object, as well as the lack of human resources in implementing policies, can affect entertainment tax revenues.
Analysis of the Quality of Public Services on Imported Consigned Goods for Use in Realizing Excellent Service at KPPBC Type C Intermediate Customs Post Office Pasar Baru in 2018
Authors: Tjahjono Eko , Arimbhi Pebriana
Published: August 2022

Public services are seen as evidence of a direct relationship between the government and the community in providing the best service following service standards and being able to satisfy the parties served. KPPBC TMP C Pasar Baru Post Office in carrying out its duties and functions to realize its vision and mission is required to realize good governance and continue to maintain and improve service quality to be able to provide excellent service by referring to the provisions of the applicable Customs and Excise Law. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of public services for imported goods sent for use in realizing excellent service at KPPBC TMP C Pasar Baru Post Office in 2018. The analytical method used in this study is the descriptive analysis by conducting interviews with various informants such as users services, academics, or tax authorities. The results of the study indicate that there is still a lack of service quality and service performance achievements in realizing excellent service, namely: average service performance achievements, have not achieved very good performance; the quality of physical evidence services is still lacking, among others: there are no facilities for service users with special needs; there is no television monitor in the service room related to the mechanism or methods of managing consignments; less stable internet network facilities; the facilities for implementing PIB PDE (online) are not yet ready; and service rooms that are less clean, tidy and comfortable; the quality of service reliability is still lacking, among others: lack of discipline of officers for absenteeism in the system and being at the place of duty during working hours; have not implemented PIB service by PDE (online); unclear information service telephone number; the quality of responsiveness is still lacking, among others: slow response to questions via email and lack of socialization and education to the public.
"Our Church will be destroyed, but I see its revival": the factor of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky in the life of the underground UGCC
Authors: Mokhnal Zoriana , Yehreshii Oleh
Published: August 2022

"Our Church will be destroyed, destroyed by the Bolsheviks. But hold on, do not deviate from the faith, from the holy Catholic Church. The difficult experience that will fall on our church is a wave. I see the revival of our church. It will be more beautiful, more majestic than the ancient one and will embrace our entire nation."
(October 31, 1944 B.)
Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky is an outstanding church, cultural and educational, public figure who had a great influence on Ukrainian society, called them to professional, highly qualified work for their country, was a defender of his people.
The hunger strike on the Arbat as a precondition for the legalization of the UGCC
Authors: Muzhyk Rostyslav , Maslii Olha (s. Andreia)
Published: August 2022

Beginning in March 1946, the time of the infamous Lviv Pseudo-Council, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) was driven underground: it looked as if the Soviet government had been able to destroy it. However, everything was different because it continued to exist, but illegally. This lasted for 40 long years and in the historiography of the UGCC this time is called the "catacomb" or "silent".
The role of female monasticism in the struggle for the legalization of the UGCC
Authors: Perkhun Yaroslav , Maslii Olha (s. Andreia)
Published: August 2022

The process of the UGCC coming out of the underground in the 1980s was closely connected with monasticism. Monasticism remained an integral institution of the UGCC throughout the ban on the Church under Soviet rule. The movement for the legalization of the Church lasted for more than 40 years, starting in 1946, when the Church officially ceased to exist at the non-canonical Lviv Pseudo-Council, all Greek Catholic bishops led by Metropolitan J. Slipy were arrested and later sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. . Throughout the period of persecution, the UGCC institutions demonstrated their resilience, despite the Soviet government's negative attitude toward religion in general and the propaganda of militant atheism. Authorities eradicated religious beliefs in various ways, closed and turned UGCC churches into outbuildings, and the Soviet system was convinced that the process of self-liquidation of "remnants of Uniatism" was irreversible.

The nuns made a significant contribution to the legalization of the UGCC.
Ministry of the Holy Liturgy in illegal conditions (1946-1989)
Authors: Petraniuk Yurii , Maslii Olha (s. Andreia)
Published: August 2022

During the centuries of its existence, the Church of Christ has gone through various periods of historical development. From Pentecost to the present, these were times of freedom and persecution. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) found itself in a difficult situation in the Soviet system in the twentieth century, after the pseudo-council of 1946, when it was necessary to profess faith in Christ in illegal conditions, under strict control of state authorities and atheistic ideology.
The Genesis of Blaise Pascal's Religious and Philosophical Views in the Statements of the Spiritual Superiors of the UGCC (Sophron Mudryi)
Authors: Krainyk Khrystyna , Rokhman Bohdan
Published: August 2022

The idea of ​​self-knowledge as a way of finding happiness, put forward by philosophers since antiquity, since Socrates, and still reminds of himself in modern culture. In the context of human history, it has acquired new features depending on the specifics of the eras, and the result of its evolution we see today. Man pays a lot of attention to his inner world and subjective experience, he appreciates it and equates it to the common good. Man seeks respect and tolerance, freedom of expression, realizes himself as the highest value of this world.
Ways of service s. Teresa Anna Shuplat, III OSBM
Authors: Holomidova Mariia (s. Khrystyiana)
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the biography of the Sister Theresa Anna Shuplat, the Third Order of St. Basil the Great (16.09.1900-03.02.1989), the wife of the priest of Przemyśl Diocese of the Greek Catholic Church, the father Yulian Shuplat (18.01.1894-09.09.1951). On the grounds of the documents and the eyewitnesses’ memories her family origin, upbringing, study, work as a Music Teacher in the town of Jarosław (nowadays - Poland), marriage, work in the town of Lesko (nowadays-Poland), deportation from the Polish People's Republic to the Ukrainian SSR in 1946, foster care after her nephews and nephew’s daughter, work at music school in the city of Stanislav, entry into the Third Order of St. Basil the Great in 1977, underground activities in the Order, and traits of her character have been analyzed.
The state of schooling and the formation of the clergy before the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
Authors: Levytskyy Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the state of schooling and formation of clergy before the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

The work aims to clarify the main approaches and principles to the formation of the clergy and the state of schooling during the historical period preceding the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. In particular, the author analyzed the main stages of priestly formation. Reforming of educational and upbringing processes of formation of priests is considered. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the formation and education of priests at different stages of historical development.
Theme of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin in the Ukrainian homiletic tradition of the twentieth century
Authors: Savchuk Oleg
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the theological and liturgical aspects of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin in the homiletic heritage of V. Lypkivsky, Filaret (Denisenko), S. Mudry and others. It is noted that the Holy Father's and theological heritage includes teachings not only about the reality of the bodily death of the Mother of God, but also about the truth of her resurrection and ascension with the glorified body to the heavenly abodes.
Biblical and moral foundation of private property
Authors: Piasta Ruslan
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the theoretical definition of the role of private property according to the biblical-patristic and moral-ethical teachings of the Catholic Church. Ukraine lacks scientific and theological research on the meaning, purpose and contents of private property.

The fundamental task of this article is to find convincing arguments in the Scriptures, the patristic view and the Church’s teaching on the right to private property and whether it has a solid foundation in God’s will and is protected by His law. The article justifies the basic moral criteria related to the right of private property, according to the teachings of the Catholic Church.
Liturgical books of the Kyivan Church - source of particular law
Authors: Kaskiv Oleg
Published: August 2022

In this article had been investigated the liturgical books of the Kyiv Church. Among of these books, the most used were the gospels, apostles (lectionaries), psalteries, mines, triodes, timothy, octoichs, akapistniks, trebniks, missals, archieticons. In these books, and especially in their headings, there are various instructions for priestly ministries that relate to the sources of the law of the UGCC. Since the servants and supporters have the most canonical regulations and rules, this article analyzes the most utilized office missals and prayer-books of the Church of Kyiv.
Five tips for success from His Beatitude Svyatoslav Shevchuk and their scientific aspect
Authors: Chornenko Andrii , Nahorniak Nestor
Published: August 2022

The article examines the scientific opinion of the Primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Sviatoslav Shevchuk, who gives advice on success for young people.
The problem of suicide in the teachings of the Catholic Church
Authors: Piasta Ruslan
Published: August 2022

The article studies the problem of the suicide in the moral and ethical teachings of the Catholic Church and the statistics of this phenomenon in Ukraine. A number of problems of socio-ethical nature related to this issue are also highlighted. The problem of the suicide and the question of the relationship between freedom and human responsibility are analyzed in the light of the biblical commandment «Thou shalt not kill».
Metropolitan Hilarion's "Word about Law and Grace": historiosophical analysis
Authors: Maksymiuk Yurii
Published: August 2022

In the article the istoriosofskiy analysis of «Word is carried out about a law and plenty» of the Kievan metropolitan Ilariona, that enabled to ground a look about a presence in work of theological subsoil, the generalized expression of which is a picture of Ilariona of sakral'nist' of the Ruskoy state.
A Study on the Convergence of Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita in East Asian and Pacific Countries
Authors:   The Northeast Asia Economic Association Of Korea, Kang Dalwon
Published: August 2022

Economic and environmental damage is increasing due to global warming. Carbon dioxide is the main cause of this global warming. The Paris Agreement was reached with international cooperation to reduce carbon emissions.
The carbon dioxide emission is a byproduct of the economic development process and is closely related to the environmental destruction and the quality of life. Due to global warming, research on carbon dioxide emissions in East Asia and Pacific coastal countries, which are the regions around the Pacific Ocean, is significant. Stakeholders’ interest on global warming are needed.
This study is conducted from 1961 to 2018 to investigate whether convergence of carbon dioxide emissions is present among 30 countries that make up the East Asian and Pacific regions, or not. As a result, absolute ß-convergence was observed in East Asia and the Pacific, and the the annual speed rate of convergence rate was estimated to be about 0.07%. Using coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, Theil coefficient, Mld coefficient, σ-convergence was observed during the 1961-2018 period in East Asian and Pacific Countries. In terms of absolute ß-convergence, the average annual convergence rate was estimated to be 0.26% for the period 1961 to 2018, 6.00% for the period 1961 to 1969, and 0.07% for the period 1970 to 2018.
Leap or Stagnation?: Mapping the Global Value Chain of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors:   The Northeast Asia Economic Association Of Korea, Jeong Sangjun , Lee Hyuntai
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the growth of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry in terms of GVC using OECD-TiVA (2021). China's global value-added production and export share, its participation in front-to-back GVCs, and the share of domestic value-added included in intermediate goods exports have all increased rapidly. On the other hand, the Chinese pharmaceutical industry still relies on huge internal and external demand for low-cost generics, and R&D innovation is also not showing clear results in terms of added value at the GVC level. In other words, quantitative growth through increased production is remarkable, but qualitative development through technological innovation is stagnant. If global pharmaceutical companies' IPR checks and the US technology pressure continue, the Chinese pharmaceutical industry will continue to experience difficulties in transitioning to high-value-added industries, and the low-value-added GVC participation structure may become more entrenched. The Chinese government and companies are making efforts to achieve qualitative development by investing intensively in the biopharmaceutical industry, but it is still uncertain whether such an attempt will be successful due to the nature of the industry where the R&D technology cycle is long and the existing global companies are competitive.
Comparison of Happiness Index in Northeast-Asian 4 Countries
Authors:   The Northeast Asia Economic Association Of Korea, Kim Sangwook , Meng Xiuli
Published: August 2022

This paper analyzes the change of happiness level in Northeast Asian four countries, Korea, Japan, China and Russia from 1990 to 2020. On the base of previous research, to estimate the national level happiness index, this paper modified the previous happiness index. This happiness index simultaneously considers the subject aspect and the object aspect. In particular, we mixed the subjective index and the objective index in three level index, and improved the methodology. This paper uses the WVS data to estimate the subjective happiness index. The result finds that Korea and Japan more higher than China and Russia in happiness index. Especially, from the dynamic change of the happiness index, Korea and Japan reveals the inversed U type, China and Russia reveals U type. This result explain that the happiness level of Korea and Japan gradually decreased in recent, but China and Russia gradually increased. This trend more remarkable in subjective happiness index. In wave 7 period, the subjective happiness index of China most high. But the objective happiness index of Korea and China decreased, Japan and Russia on the contrary increased. The result of this paper similar the Easterlin paradox, because the PPP per capita GDP of Korea and China already exceeded forty thousand dollars in wave 7 period, the income level is high, and the income level of China and Russia relatively low, be the left side of the inversed U type, Easterlin paradox.
Research on the Impact of China's Environmental Regulations on Industrial Agglomeration
Authors:   The Northeast Asia Economic Association Of Korea, Peng Wei , Lee Hyukku
Published: August 2022

This paper uses a System GMM to study on ER(Environmental Regulation) and industrial agglomeration in heterogeneous industries by constructing industrial panel data from 2004-2019 for 30 autonomous provinces in China (excluding Tibet).
The results show that, first, first, from the overall perspective of China, ER has promoted the industrial agglomeration of labor-intensive, capital-intensive, and technology-intensive industries. Second, from a regional perspective, ER suppressed industrial agglomeration of resource-intensive industries in the Northeast region. In labor-intensive industries, ER promote industrial concentration in the central, western, and northeast regions; In capital-intensive industries, ER were found to hinder industrial agglomeration in the western region; In short, the intensity of environmental regulations has different effects on the industrial agglomeration of the same type of industries in different regions. This is because of the differences in the level of economic development and the intensity of environmental regulations between regions in China.

본 논문은 중국의 30개 성시자치주(티베트 제외)를 대상으로 2004-2019년 산업패널데이터를 구축하여 환경규제와 이질적 업종의 산업집적 관계를 System GMM 추정방법을 사용하여 실증 분석하였다.
분석결과, 첫째, 중국 전체를 대상으로 보면, 환경규제가 노동집약업종, 자본집약업종, 기술집약업종의 산업집적을 촉진하고 있으며 통계적으로도 유의수준이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 업종과 지역별로 살펴보면, 환경규제가 동북지역 자원집약업종의 산업집적을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 노동집약업종의 경우 환경규제가 중부지역, 서부지역, 동북지역의 산업집적을 촉진하고 있으며; 자본집약업종의 경우 환경규제가 서부지역의 산업집적을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다; 기술집약업종의 경우 환경규제가 동북지역의 산업집적을 억제하고 있는 반면에 중부지역과 서부지역의 기술집약업종에 대한 산업집적은 촉진하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종합해보면, 환경규제 강도가 지역별 동일 업종의 산업집적에 미치는 영향이 다른 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 지역 간 경제발전 수준과 환경규제 강도의 이질적이기 때문인 것으로 해석할 수 있다.
SPRİTUEL İYİ OLUŞ VE HEMŞİRELİK; HEMŞIRELERIN SPRITUEL IYI OLUŞ DURUMLARININ HASTA BAKIMINA VE KENDILERINE YANSIMALARI
Authors: ÇEVİK Banu
Published: August 2022

Spritualite sağlık ve esenliğin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır ve hemşirelik mesleğinde ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Hemşirelik mesleği bakıma odaklı olup, bakımın temel amacı bireyin varoluşunun tüm boyutlarının korunmak, sürdürülmesini sağlamak veya bireye yardımcı olmaktır. Hemşireler bakım verdikleri hastalara sprituel bakım sağlamaktan sorumludur. Ancak yaşamdaki her bireyin spritualiteye ihtiyacı vardır, bu nedene hemşireler öncelikli olarak bireysel sprituel gereksinimlerinin farkında olmaları, geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu derlememenin amacı hemşirelerin sprituel iyi oluş durumlarının hasta bakımına ve kendilerine yansımamalarını incelemektir.