bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and postnatal administration ofLactobacillus reuteridecreases TLR2 responses in infants
Authors: Forsberg Anna , Abrahamsson Thomas R , Björkstén Bengt , Jenmalm Maria C
Published: June 2014

Background

Mice models indicate that intact Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling may be essential for the allergy protective effects of diverse bacterial exposure observed in clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Probiotic supplementation withLactobacillus reuterifrom pregnancy week 36 and to the infant through the first year of life decreased the prevalence of IgE‐associated eczema at two years (ClinicalTrials.govNCT01285830). The effect of this supplementation on innate immune responses to bacterial products and the expression of associated TLRs were explored.

Methods

Blood mononuclear cells were collected at birth, 6, 12 and 24 months from 61 infants and cultured with TLR2, 4 and 9 ligands. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was determined as well as TLR2, 4 and 9 mRNA expression.

Results

Probiotic supplementation was associated with decreased LTA (lipoteichoic acid) induced CCL4, CXCL8, IL‐1β and IL‐6 responses at 12 months and decreased CCL4 and IL‐1β secretion at 24 months. TLR2 mRNA expression was not affected by probiotic treatment.

Conclusions

Decreased responses to TLR2, the main receptor for LTA from Gram positive bacteria, in probiotic treated children seem to be dependent on factors downstream of TLR mRNA expression.
Defining weaning age of camel calves in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Chibsa Merga B , Mummed Yesihak Y , Kurtu Mohamed Y , Leta Mengistu U
Published: June 2014

This experiment was conducted with the aim to define the weaning age of camel calves managed with pastoral farmers in eastern Ethiopia. Twenty camel calves (11 males and 9 females) were randomly assigned into five blocks based on their birth date. Calves within a block were further assigned to one of the four Treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Calves in T1, T2, and T3 were weaned at 6, 8, and 10 months of age and supplemented with concentrate from weaning up to 12 months of age, respectively. They were supplemented with a mixture of noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) cake and wheat bran at a ratio of 40% and 60%, respectively. Calves in T4 (control) were weaned at 12 months of age, hence were not supplemented with concentrate. Calves in all treatment groups browsed natural vegetation for 8 hours a day. Post weaning performance was evaluated for all calves at 14 months of age. The mean daily concentrate intake was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the dry season compared to the wet season. Daily weight gain was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by treatment, sex of calves, and season of birth. Calves supplemented with concentrate gained relatively more weight (P < 0.001) than calves not supplemented. Calves born during the short rainy season gained more weight than those born during the short and long dry season. Three calves died, two from T3 and one from T4. From the study it was concluded that weaning calves at 8 months of age and supplementing with concentrate to the age of 12 months of age resulted in good post weaning growth rate and survivability of calves.
Solitary hepatic lymphangioma: a one-case report
Authors: Liu Qu , Sui Cheng-Jun , Li Bao-Shan , Gao Ang , Lu Jian-yue , Yang Jia-Mei
Published: June 2014

Hepatic lymphangiomas, malformations of the liver lymphatic system, are extremely rare conditions in adults. A 41-year-old man presented with right upper abdominal pain for 6 months was introduced in this report. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a giant cystictumor with a pedunculatedextrahepatic growth pattern. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, a partial hepatectomy was performed and pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of solitary hepatic lymphangioma. In this article, we reviewed the clinical and pathology features, preoperative diagnostic challenges, and treatments of hepaticlymphangiomas.
eIF4F-like complexes formed by cap-binding homolog TbEIF4E5 with TbEIF4G1 or TbEIF4G2 are implicated in post-transcriptional regulation in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Freire Eden R. , Vashisht Ajay A. , Malvezzi Amaranta M. , Zuberek Joanna , Langousis Gerasimos , Saada Edwin A. , Nascimento Janaína De F. , Stepinski Janusz , Darzynkiewicz Edward , Hill Kent , De Melo Neto Osvaldo P. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Sturm Nancy R. , Campbell David A.
Published: June 2014

Members of the eIF4E mRNA cap-binding family are involved in translation and the modulation of transcript availability in other systems as part of a three-component complex including eIF4G and eIF4A. The kinetoplastids possess four described eIF4E and five eIF4G homologs. We have identified two new eIF4E family proteins in Trypanosoma brucei, and define distinct complexes associated with the fifth member, TbEIF4E5. The cytosolic TbEIF4E5 protein binds cap 0 in vitro. TbEIF4E5 was found in association with two of the five TbEIF4Gs. TbIF4EG1 bound TbEIF4E5, a 47.5-kDa protein with two RNA-binding domains, and either the regulatory protein 14-3-3 II or a 117.5-kDa protein with guanylyltransferase and methyltransferase domains in a potentially dynamic interaction. The TbEIF4G2/TbEIF4E5 complex was associated with a 17.9-kDa hypothetical protein and both 14-3-3 variants I and II. Knockdown of TbEIF4E5 resulted in the loss of productive cell movement, as evidenced by the inability of the cells to remain in suspension in liquid culture and the loss of social motility on semisolid plating medium, as well as a minor reduction of translation. Cells appeared lethargic, as opposed to compromised in flagellar function per se. The minimal use of transcriptional control in kinetoplastids requires these organisms to implement downstream mechanisms to regulate gene expression, and the TbEIF4E5/TbEIF4G1/117.5-kDa complex in particular may be a key player in that process. We suggest that a pathway involved in cell motility is affected, directly or indirectly, by one of the TbEIF4E5 complexes.
A remark about the positivity problem of fourth order linear recurrence sequences
Authors: Laohakosol Vichian , Tangsupphathawat Pinthira
Published: June 2014

Consider a fourth order linear recurrence with integer coefficients whose characteristic polynomial has two distinct real and a complex conjugate pair of roots. A new proof showing that its positivity problem is decidable is given for the case where there is exactly one real root having the same absolute value as the two complex conjugate roots.
Iλ-statistically convergent sequences in topological groups
Authors: Savaş Ekrem
Published: June 2014

Let 2N be the family of all subsets of N. Using an ideal I ⊂ 2N, Savaş and Das in 2011 defined Iλ-statistical convergence of real sequences as a generalization of λ-statistical convergence introduced in 2000 by Mursaleen. In this paper we define Iλ-statistical convergence for sequences in topological groups and present some inclusion theorems.
After the Bishop–Phelps theorem
Authors: Aron Richard , Lomonosov Victor
Published: June 2014

We give an expository background to the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás theorem and explore some progress and questions in recently developed areas of related research.
The Hermitian part of a Rickart involution ring, I
Authors: Cīrulis Jānis
Published: June 2014

Rickart *-rings may be considered as a certain abstraction of the rings B(H) of bounded linear operators of a Hilbert space H. In 2006, S. Gudder introduced and studied a certain ordering (called the logical order) of self-adjoint Hilbert space operators; the set S(H) of these operators, which is a partial ring, may be called the Hermitian part of B(H). The new order has been further investigated also by other authors. In this first part of the paper, an abstract analogue of the logical order is studied on certain partial rings that approximate the Hermitian part of general *-rings; the special case of Rickart *-rings is postponed to the next part.
A note on spark varieties
Authors: Skrzyński Marcin
Published: June 2014

We study basic properties (e.g., algebraicity, reducibility, and dimension) of certain sets of matrices defined by means of the spark.
Composition operators on vector-valued analytic function spaces: a survey
Authors: Laitila Jussi , Tylli Hans-Olav
Published: June 2014

We survey recent results about composition operators induced by analytic self-maps of the unit disk in the complex plane on various Banach spaces of analytic functions taking values in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. We mostly concentrate on the research line into qualitative properties such as weak compactness, initiated by Liu, Saksman and Tylli (1998), and continued in several other papers. We discuss composition operators on strong, respectively weak, spaces of vector-valued analytic functions, as well as between weak and strong spaces. As concrete examples, we review more carefully and present some new observations in the cases of vector-valued Hardy and BMOA spaces, though the study of composition operators has been extended to a wide range of spaces of vector-valued analytic functions, including spaces defined on other domains. Several open problems are stated.
Conflict of Interest as Source of Opportunism, Innovations and Problems of Management Theory
Authors: Козырев  , Kozyrev A.
Published: June 2014

This paper is devoted to investigation related to role of conflict of interest (i.e. when the same person has a secondary interest together with a main responsibility or first interest) in innovation process, i.e. in the «knowledge into money transformation»process. Secondary interest in this context is not only money and

corruption interest, but also ambition for self-realization in different manifestations and forms as well as any other preferences not arising out of decision maker’s primary responsibilities. Some actual situations of conflict of interest including these one’s when budget funds are moving from a customer to an executor of a state order and when information on obtained results is moving from the contractor to the customer have been analyzed. Recommendations for minimizing of conflicts of interest’s negative consequences, and opportunistic behavior generated by these conflicts have been formulated.
Problems of Macroeconomic Policy and Innovation Activity
Authors: Варшавский  , Varshavskiy Alyeksandr
Published: June 2014

Analysis using macro modeling of macroeconomic policy and its influence on innovation activity has been presented in this paper. General characteristics of governmental bodies which are responsible for macroeconomic policy has been given. Problems connected with non-deficit budget are discussed. It has been shown that present trends do not help a fast development of Russian economy’s innovation sphere and its modernization.
Employers and High Education Institutions: Interaction and Prospects
Authors: Сабирова  , Sabirova Daniya
Published: June 2014

This paper’s basis was formed by understanding of the fact that for full-fledged development of education an talented youth, as well as for effective use of human resources, improvement of labor relations, professional training in Russia it’s necessary an interaction between higher education institutions and employers. The

purpose is the consolidation of efforts of employers and high education institutions in addressing the issue of effective professional training and employment of graduates.
International Law and Challenges of the 21st Century
Authors: Kapustin Anatoliy
Published: June 2014

The article is considered the principal features of modern International law, its nature and functions in the international community. Analysing the changes in its subjects composition as well as the development of law-making methods and means of realization of the norms of international law. It is also engages with principal challenges to international law and the methods of how it is possible to get over them.
Concretization in Law: Methodological Basics of Research
Authors: Vlasyenko Nikolay
Published: June 2014

In article the bases of research of a phenomenon of a law concretization are considered. Are analyzed the logical and language maintenance of a law concretization as subject activity of the person. By means of features of category limits of activity of the person on a law concretization are “wrongly” illustrated. Are allocated a law concretization in law-making and its forms (subject and logical) and a law concretization in law application, in particular, is considered a law-enforcement specification in connection with legal qualification. The question of abuse of a law concretization is raised. It is claimed that efficiency of research of the category “law concretization” is predetermined by right understanding, the understanding of a law concretization as transition from uncertainty to definiteness of legal regulation is the most effective unlike integrative right understanding. The inefficiency of integrative approach contacts inclusion in concept of the right of versatile elements.
The Hague Conference on Private International Law and Protection of Person from Violence (Provision of Security of Women and Children)
Authors: Doronina Nataliya , Maryshyeva Nataliya
Published: June 2014

The Agenda of the Hague Conference on Private International Law includes working group discussion of a problem of recognition and enforcement of foreign civil protection orders. Civil protection orders is a legal instrument which is usually used in domestic violence cases. Domestic violence may take different forms of harmful interpersonal behavior. The authors analyze foreign legislation in this sphere of relations, compares it with the Russian legislation and come to the conclusion that it is necessary to broaden the international legal assistance in this sphere. For this purpose the Russian legislation may be accomplished with the institute of civil protection orders, which is now absent in the Civil Process Code. From that point of view the participation of the Russian Federation in the Hague Conference on Private International Law working group seems to be useful both for international relations and Russian legislation because the problem of protection against domestic violence is now being discussed by the Russian specialists in criminal law.
Determination of the Law Applicable to Foreign Economic Transactions under the Principle of the Closest Connection
Authors: Blinova Yuliya
Published: June 2014

The present article focuses on questions of qualification of applicable law to foreign trade transactions on the basis of the principle of most significant connection if the applicable law has not been chosen by the parts. The meaning of the principle of most significant connection is made study of in national law, the meaning of the term “characteristic performance for the contract meaning” is defined by analyzing of different legal sources. Herewith attention is paid to the problems connected with the using of article 1211 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and precedents of the International Commercial Arbitration Court of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation are analyzed.
Orchestrating the management of patients with high-output stomas
Authors: McDonald Alison
Published: June 2014

Working in isolation, managing high-output stomas can be stressful and difficult, with patient outcomes varying significantly. For the stoma care clinical nurse specialist, managing the choice of stoma appliance is only a small part of the care provided. To standardise and improve outcomes for patients with high-output stomas, team working is required. After contacting other stoma care services and using guidance from the High Impact Actions for Stoma Care document ( Coloplast, 2010 ), it was evident that the team should put together an algorithm/flow chart to guide both specialists and ward nursing staff in the evidence-based and standardised management of patients with high-output stomas. This article presents the flowchart that was produced and uses case studies to demonstrate improvements.
Relationship between the ‘two-week rule’ and colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Mangion Doreen , Brennan Arthur
Published: June 2014

This literature review explored the relationship between the ‘two-week rule’ (TWR) and the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The Cochrane Review, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), NHS Evidence and Medline databases were searched and produced 12 relevant studies. Since the introduction of the TWR, the CRC detection rate has been poor and there appears to be disagreement in the literature regarding the efficacy of the TWR to detect CRC at an earlier disease stage. There have also been variations in the use of the TWR guidelines by GPs. These factors may lead to poor outcomes for patients with CRC.
Understanding methods of wound debridement
Authors: Atkin Leanne
Published: June 2014

Autolytic debridement describes the body's natural method of wound-bed cleansing, helping it to prepare the wound bed for healing. In acute wounds, autolytic debridement occurs automatically and often does not require intervention, as during the inflammatory stage of a wound, neutrophils and macrophages digest and removes devitalised tissue, cell debris and contaminants, clearing the wound of any cellular barriers to healing. In chronic wounds, by contrast, healing is often delayed, frequently because of inadequate debridement. The autolytic process becomes overwhelmed by high levels of endotoxins released from damaged tissue ( Broadus, 2013 ). Therefore wound debridement becomes an integral part of chronic-wound management and practitioners involved in wound care must be fully competent at wound-bed assessment and have an awareness of the options available for debridement. This article will review wound-bed assessment, highlighting variations in devitalised tissue, and explore options available for wound debridement, taking into consideration patients’ pain and quality of life.
Accelerate Health Community Interest Company: an interview
Authors: Hopkins Alison , Worboys Fran , O'Neill Caitriona , Sandoz Heidi
Published: June 2014

Prompted by a looming change in local service provision, a group of community specialists took the decision to apply to become a Community Interest Company. In this interview, members of the team explain how and why they did it, and the realities of operating as a self-contained social enterprise in health care
Older people and skin: challenging perceptions
Authors: Cowdell Fiona , Garrett Dawne
Published: June 2014

In this article we set out to challenge perceptions about older people and skin. We examine current portrayals of older people and skin, both in the media and in the nursing literature. We describe the ‘normal’ process of skin ageing and highlight the importance of maintaining skin integrity and effective barrier function for health and wellbeing, particularly in older people. One element of maintaining skin integrity is ensuring that personal hygiene and emollient needs are met. Effective skin hygiene and emollient care will reduce the risk of breakdown, with all its burdensome and costly consequences. We therefore offer a summary of the current evidence base for skin-hygiene practice. We make a case for nurses considering skin health from a wider societal and human perspective, and identify opportunities to enhance nursing practice through skin-care advice and health education for all older people.
The challenges of providing palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities: a literature review
Authors: Dunkley Susie , Sales Rachel
Published: June 2014

People with intellectual disabilities are often marginalised from mainstream health-care services because of the complexities of their disability. They are under-referred to specialist palliative care owing to a limited understanding of its role and little collaborative working. Furthermore, professionals caring for people with intellectual disabilities and palliative care services often lack knowledge about and confidence in their ability to meet the needs of people with an intellectual disability who require palliative care. This literature review explores the challenges of providing palliative care for people with intellectual disability. It highlights that training requirements need to be effectively identified, referrals between professional groups made, and the perspectives of patients understood to overcome the marginalisation of people with intellectual disability. There is a need for ongoing staff development focusing on staff confidence, collaborative working between professionals, and the empowerment of people with intellectual disability to be involved in decisions about their end-of-life care. Further research is needed to examine the most effective way of capturing the perspectives of those with intellectual disability and of enabling people with intellectual disability to access and engage with health surveillance, cancer screening, and palliative care services.
Nurses’ professional autonomy and attitudes toward caring for dying patients in South-East Iran
Authors: Iranmanesh Sedigheh , Razban Farideh , Nejad Afsaneh Tabasi , Ghazanfari Zahra
Published: June 2014

Background:

Nurses in Iran have been found to have less professional autonomy than nurses in Western countries. Professional autonomy is important, affecting nurses’ caring behaviour and attitudes.

Aim:

This study aimed to examine the correlation between the professional autonomy of oncology and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in the south-east of Iran and their attitudes toward the care of dying patients.

Methods:

155 oncology and ICU nurses in three hospitals supervised by Kerman University of Medical Sciences completed the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) and Pankratz Nursing Questionnaire (PNQ) tools during April–June 2013.

Results:

The participants had a neutral to moderately positive mean attitude toward caring for dying patients (mean=3.18±0.37 out of 5) and moderate professional autonomy (mean=3.08±0.33 out of 5). There was a significant positive correlation between total scores on professional autonomy and total scores on attitudes toward caring for dying patients. There was also a significant positive correlation between the PNQ subscale of ‘patients’ rights’ and attitudes toward caring for dying patients.

Conclusions:

Autonomy could be an important component of nurses’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients. To improve nurses’ autonomy, nursing education in end-of-life care in Iran must be improved. Other factors relating to autonomy and attitudes specific to the Iranian context should also be considered.
Research roundup
Authors: Nicholson Craig
Published: June 2014

Brief synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care.
Flea infestations: epidemiology, treatment and control
Authors: Wright Ian , Elsheikha Hany
Published: June 2014

Fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera) are a complex insect species and cause pets and their owners a lot of concern worldwide. Besides being clinically important, the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is responsible for the production of flea allergic dermatitis (FAD), acts as the vector of many bacterial pathogens, and serves as the intermediate host for cestode and filarid parasites. Despite an arsenal of effective products, failures in flea control programmes are commonplace due to poor compliance, inappropriate drug use and unrealistic client expectations. It is vital for veterinary professionals to give good advice, consider compliance and manage expectations if flea control programmes are to be successful. This article discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of flea infestations.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in veterinary practice part 2: side effects and contraindications
Authors: Montefiori Filippo , Flaherty Derek
Published: June 2014

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are extensively used in veterinary practice for the management of both acute and chronic pain; however, while they are generally fairly effective analgesics, they have a spectrum of potential side effects ranging from mild to life threatening. This article will discuss the adverse effects that may occur with these drugs and the mechanisms by which they arise, and also describe the situations in which these agents should be avoided.
Electronic Clinical Surveillance to Improve Outpatient Care: Diverse Applications
within an Integrated Delivery System
Authors: Danforth Kim N. , Smith Andrea E. , Loo Ronald K. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Mittman Brian S. , Kanter Michael H. , The KPSC Outpatient Safety Net Program On behalf of
Published: June 2014

Efforts to improve patient safety have largely focused on inpatient or emergency
settings, but the importance of patient safety in ambulatory care is increasingly being
recognized as a key component of overall health care quality. Care gaps in outpatient
settings may include missed diagnoses, medication errors, or insufficient monitoring of
patients with chronic conditions or on certain medications. Further, care gaps may occur
across a wide range of clinical conditions. We report here an innovative approach to
improve patient safety in ambulatory settings -- the Kaiser Permanente Southern
California (KPSC) Outpatient Safety Net Program -- which leverages electronic health
information to efficiently identify and address a variety of potential care gaps across
different clinical conditions.Between 2006 and 2012, the KPSC Outpatient Safety Net
Program implemented 24 distinct electronic clinical surveillance programs, which
routinely scan the electronic health record to identify patients with a particular
condition or event. For example, electronic clinical surveillance may be used to scan
for harmful medication interactions or potentially missed diagnoses (e.g., abnormal test
results without evidence of subsequent care). Keys to the success of the program include
strong leadership support, a proactive clinical culture, the blame-free nature of the
program, and the availability of electronic health information. The Outpatient Safety
Net Program framework may be adopted by other organizations, including those who have
electronic health information but not an electronic health record. In the future, the
creation of a forum to share electronic clinical surveillance programs across
organizations may facilitate more rapid improvements in outpatient safety.
Políticas educativas em contextos globalizados: a expansão do ensino superior em Portugal e no Brasil
Authors: Castro Alda Maria Duarte Araújo , Seixas Ana Maria , Neto Antônio Cabral
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa a configuração que o ensino superior assume no contexto das mudanças ocorridas, nas últimas décadas, no cenário internacional, destacando aspectos relativos à situação de Portugal e do Brasil. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as instituições de ensino superior enfrentam, no actual momento histórico, novos desafios para responder às exigências das sociedades globalizadas que, dentre outras características, atribuem uma centralidade ao conhecimento. Mais especificamente, o artigo discute as diferentes estratégias adoptadas por Portugal e pelo Brasil para promover o processo de expansão do ensino superior, destacando como eixo central a diversificação institucional. Demarca-se na análise que, apesar da existência de tendências globais nas políticas de expansão desse nível de ensino, é necessário analisá-las tendo em conta as especificidades próprias de cada país, tanto no que concerne ao processo de expansão da educação superior quanto à sua inserção na economia globalizada.
Ser Professor Universitário: estudo exploratório em torno de concepções e de práticas
Authors: Vaz-Rebelo Piedade , Pessoa Teresa , Barreira Carlos
Published: June 2014

Este estudo visa uma caracterização e análise de concepções e práticas sobre o que é Ser Professor Universitário, procurando identificar os principais indicadores sobre a temática. Tem como referencial a consideração das múltiplas funções do docente universitário, que envolvem o ensino mas, também, a investigação e actividades de gestão, entre outras, e um modelo da complexidade da própria docência, onde se jogam elementos que vão das crenças, aos objectivos ou às práticas de ensino-aprendizagem. Neste contexto, elaborou-se um guião de entrevista semi-estruturada, que incidiu em temas fundamentais, nomeadamente na caracterização dos percursos e funções do professor universitário; nas concepções, intenções e práticas da docência universitária; nos aspectos positivos e negativos da concretização do processo de Bolonha; na caracterização dos modelos de formação e sugestões para o desenvolvimento profissional do docente universitário. Com base na análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos foram identificados um conjunto de subcategorias e de indicadores que, apesar do carácter exploratório do estudo, constituem um contributo para a caracterização e análise da temática.
Personalized treatment of obesity complicated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Strueva N V , Saveleva L V , Melnichenko G A , Poluektov M G , Gegel N V
Published: June 2014

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are mutually burdening clinical conditions. Weight loss is quite effective for the control of breathing disorders during sleep, but the impact of OSA treatment on the dynamics of body weight in obese patients remains poorly studied. Presented clinical case features a significant reduction in body weight in a patient with morbid obesity complicated by severe OSA with contemporary approach and without CPAP therapy due to high patient adherence to therapy and absence of comorbidities.
Reproduction and energy balance: the integrative role of prolactin
Authors: Romantsova T I
Published: June 2014

The physiological mechanisms controlling reproduction are closely linked to energy balance. In the recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that prolactin regulates metabolic functions, besides regulating breast development and stimulating milk formation. Hyperprolactinemia is associated with obesity and treatment with dopamine agonists results in weight loss. We discuss the integrated effects of prolactin in the metabolic control and reproductive function, the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of obesity. The present review also describes the effects of treatment with cabergoline on body weight and cardiovascular risk markers.
Pre-pregnancy obesity compromises obstetric and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Hancke Katharina , Gundelach Theresa , Hay Birgit , Sander Sylvia , Reister Frank , Weiss Jürgen M.
Published: June 2014

Objective: Obesity is an important issue among fertile women as it may affect obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of primiparous women were retrospectively analyzed in non-obese (n=11387) and obese (n=943) women. A subgroup analysis was performed in obese women divided into three groups: Grade I obesity (Group A, n=654), Grade II obesity (Group B, n=192), and Grade III obesity (Group C, n=97). Odds ratios (OR) were expressed with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: The incidence of gestational diabetes (non-obese, 1.9%; obese, 7.6%; Group C, 19.6%) and preeclampsia (non-obese, 3.3%; obese, 13.5%; Group C, 17.5%) increased with rising weight. The risk of non-elective cesarean section was significantly higher in obese women than in non-obese women (21.7% vs. 13.2%). The risk of extreme preterm birth (before 28 weeks of gestation) doubled in the Grade I obesity group (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4–3.2) and nearly tripled in women with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7–4.9).

Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher incidences of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Our study shows that obese women have a higher risk of non-elective cesarean section and preterm birth.
Neuroscience of synesthesia and cross-modal associations
Authors: Neckar Marcel , Bob Petr
Published: June 2014

Synesthesia is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality causes unusual experiences in a different, unstimulated modality. Recent findings suggest that research on synesthesia offers a unique opportunity to study the neural basis of subjective experiences in healthy and pathological brains. This review summarizes and reflects current knowledge concerning synesthesia in its various aspects, including its cognitive, neural, and behavioral aspects. In this context, recent data suggest new connections between specific conditions related to synesthesic mechanisms and association processes linked to construction of synesthetic cross-modal metaphors that may play a role in psychopathological thinking and imagination.
The Uru of Ch'imu: an investigation of Walter Lehmann's material
Authors: Hannß Katja
Published: June 2014

In this paper, I will describe and discuss the extinct Uru variety of Ch'imu/Lake Titicaca (Peru), as documented by the German researcher Walter Lehmann (1878–1939). To this purpose, I will compare the Ch'imu Uru to the closely related varieties of Irohito Uru and Chipaya (both Bolivia), relying on archival material and previous studies. The topics I will take into consideration include phonological and etymological features as well as grammatical markers and constructions, such as e.g. personal and possessive pronouns and negation. Based on the findings of my investigation, I will critically discuss the utility of Lehmann's Ch'imu data for further research.
Classical Guarani beyond grammars and dictionaries: on an 18th century Jesuit manuscript
Authors: Ringmacher Manfred
Published: June 2014

Like so many other languages in Spanish South America, Guarani, as spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries, is documented in grammars, dictionaries, and catechisms. These texts were primarily written for priests as tools of basic communication with the indigenous population. The Jesuit system of Reductions (protected Indian villages), however, led language learners to face other language uses beyond the elementary level. To teach these, other texts were created, such as the one presented in this paper that deals with the translation of a booklet on the early history of the Guarani Reductions. Its pedagogical features, together with its descriptive significance for our grasp of the language used, will be explained. A close examination of both the old grammars and contemporary texts will lead to a clearer understanding of the constitutive particularities of the language.
Using a digital corpus for the study of the earliest stages of Negerhollands
Authors: van Rossem Cefas
Published: June 2014

In this article I show three methods to use the Negerhollands computer corpus for a better understanding of the eighteenth century variety of Negerhollands. The first one is the study of metalinguistic comments which are taken up in several manuscripts. The second method is stemma/variety research between and within texts with the same content. The third method to study the do's and doubts of the first translators in order to present the right variety of the language is the analysis of annotations, changes and erasures of the writers. This philological approach was common in Medieval studies, for instance, but is hardly used with respect to Creole languages.
Coupling Optimization Design of Aspirated Compressor Airfoil and Aspirated Scheme Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and CST Method
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Bo , Zhao Yan , Yang Xiaodong , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Lei
Published: June 2014

This paper focuses on creating a new design method optimizing both aspirated compressor airfoil and the aspiration scheme simultaneously. The optimization design method is based on the artificial bee colony algorithm and the CST method, while the flow field is computed by one 2D computational program. The optimization process of the rotor tip and stator tip airfoil from an aspirated fan stage is demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the new coupling method. The results show that the total pressure losses of the optimized stator tip and rotor tip airfoil are reduced relatively by 54% and 20%, respectively. Artificial bee colony algorithm and CST method indicate a satisfying applicability in aspirated airfoil optimization design. Finally, the features of aspirated airfoil designing process are concluded.
29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy and synchrotron XRD study of metamict Cardiff titanite
Authors: Zietlow Peter , Beirau Tobias , Groat Lee A. , Paulmann Carsten , Bismayer Ulrich
Published: June 2014

Metamict titanite from the Cardiff uranium mine (M28696) in Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed using 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR). A broad Gaussian shaped NMR signal at –81 ppm occurs at room temperature resulting from the mainly locally ordered metamict structural state. NMR signals were obtained at room temperature and after annealing at 600, 950, 1220 and 1470 K. Because of increasing crystallinity the full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreased from 24 ppm to 20 ppm, respectively using a pseudo-Voigt fit. For comparison highly-crystalline titanite from Rauris showed an NMR signal at –79.3 ppm with FWHM of 4.1 ppm and an almost Lorentzian profile because of its good long range order. Integrating synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) signals of Cardiff titanite show an increase of the crystallographic long range order at annealing temperatures considerably lower than the local ordering seen by NMR.
Partially amorphous (metamict) titanite: a silicate mineral in a natural radiation induced non-equilibrium phase
Authors: Beirau Tobias
Published: June 2014

The present review will give a brief overview mainly focused on studies during the past 5 years on the mineral titanite (end-member composition CaTiSiO5) which could incorporate radioactive elements in its crystal structure. Aspects of investigations were the structural damage resulting from the radioactive decay, the thermally induced recrystallization process and the elastic properties of the mineral. During the radiation induced damage process, namely the metamictization, titanite becomes partially amorphous with coexisting defect enriched crystalline and aperiodic regions. Within these crystalline regions a P21/c to C2/c phase transition (∼ at 500 K) occurs. Resulting from radiation induced structural damage, titanite shows elastic properties close to those of titanite glass. During recrystallization on annealing an initial softening of the titanite structure takes place (up to temperature ∼950 K) resulting from the formation of soft interfaces. Thermal annealing at higher temperatures leads to increasing structural order and the hardening of the mineral.
Dok1 and Dok2 proteins regulate natural killer cell development and function
Authors: Celis‐Gutierrez Javier , Boyron Marilyn , Walzer Thierry , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Jonjić Stipan , Olive Daniel , Dalod Marc , Vivier Eric , Nunès Jacques A
Published: June 2014

Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in immune responses against tumors and microbes. NK‐cell activation is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that ensure NK tolerance and efficacy. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic signaling molecules Dok1 and Dok2 are tyrosine phosphorylated upon NK‐cell activation. Overexpression of Dok proteins in human NK cells reduces cell activation induced by NK‐cell‐activating receptors. Dok1 and Dok2 gene ablation in mice induces an NK‐cell maturation defect and leads to increased IFN‐γ production induced by activating receptors. Taken together, these results reveal that Dok1 and Dok2 proteins are involved in an intrinsic negative feedback loop downstream of NK‐cell‐activating receptors in mouse and human.
STRATEGI ADAPTASI PKL KOTA SEMARANG: KAJIAN TENTANG TINDAKAN SOSIAL
Authors: Irianto Agus Maladi
Published: June 2014

Tulisan berikut merupakan penelitian kualitatif mengenai strategi adaptasi pedagang kaki lima (PKL) dalam menandai tindakan sosial manusia yang menandai dinamika kegiatan ekonomi di perkotaan (khususnya di Kota Semarang). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kajian ini adalah tersajikannya lukisan mendalam mengenai pola-pola usaha di sektor informal, serta penciptaan jaringan sosial di antara keluarga PKL dalam rangka mengisi lapangan pekerjaan di perkotaan. Sejumlah tindakan sosial manusia, khususnya yang dilakukan para PKL dalam penelitian ini, menyiratkan tentang tindakan sosial manusia yang kemudian mengkonstruksi konsep jaringan sosial dan strategi adaptasi PKL Kota Semarang.The following article is a qualitative research about the adaptation strategy of street vendors in marking the human’s social action that marks the dynamic of economic activities in urban areas (especially in Semarang). The objectives of this study are presenting in-depth portrait of the business patterns in the informal sector, and the creation of social networks among street vendors’ families in order to fill the job fields in urban area. Several human’s social actions, especially conducting by the street vendors in this research, imply about human social action which then construct the concept of social networking and adaptation strategies of the street vendors in Semarang city.
RELASI KUASA ANTARA PERHUTANI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DI BANYUMAS: KEPENTINGAN BISNIS VS COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Rosyadi Slamet , Sobandi Khairu Roojiqien
Published: June 2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan masyarakat dan Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) dalam merespons orientasi Perhutani yang memprioritaskan pengembangan usaha (profits/bisnis) daripada pemberdayaan masyarakat desa hutan. Pendekatan studi menggunakan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LMDH tidak dilibatkan secara signifikan dalam perencanaan program pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat (PHBM). Lebih dari 12 tahun, Perhutani masih menjadi aktor dominan dengan kekuasaan besar menentukan pemangku kepentingan mana yang dikehendaki untuk terlibat dalam perencanaan programnya. Akibatnya, LMDH (masyarakat) merasa Perhutani tidak lagi menganggap serius peran LMDH dalam proses pengelolaan program-program PHBM. Dengan kata lain, peran LMDH hanya ada diatas kertas tetapi realitasnya tidak banyak berperan. Perhutani lebih fokus mengejar target keuntungan untuk kepentingan perusahaan tetapi di pihak lain tidak meningkatkan pembagian peran dengan LMDH sebagai mitra sejajar dalam program PHBM. This paper explores the power relations between state and society, specifically, after 12 years of implementing the policy of community-based forest management (Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat, known as PHBM). It investigates how villagers and its local institutions (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan, LMDH), and street-level bureaucracy (SLB) responses toward the current development of State Forest Cooperation (Perum Perhutani, SFC) orientation in generating profit rather than the people and the planet/environment. The result shows that the villagers through LMDHs are, in fact, never closely engagein planning PHBM activities. Over 12 years, the SFC is still become the dominant actor who have dominant power in determining which stakeholders that they wanted to be involved in planning PHBM activities. Consequently, LMDH feels that SFC is reluctant in taking seriously the roles of LMDH in planning the PHBM activities. SFC is pursuing their target in generating benefits merely for their own benefits without taking LMDH in as their equal partner in PHBM activities.
ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM KOMUNITAS DESA: STUDI KASUS DI KAWASAN PESISIR UTARA PULAU AMBON
Authors: - Subair , Kolopaking Lala M. , Adiwibowo Soeryo , Pranowo M. Bambang
Published: June 2014

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis strategi adaptasi komunitas nelayan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Lokasi penelitian di desa nelayan Asilulu, ditetapkan secara purposive mewakili karakteristik desa pesisir di kawasan pantai utara pulau Ambon Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah ’metode kasus historis’ sebuah metode studi sosiologi yang memadukan dua pendekatan yaitu sosiologi sejarah dan sejarah sosiologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode hermeunetik dan dialektika dalam waktu kurang lebih 2 tahun (April 2010 – Juni 2012) menggunakan teknik pengamatan berperan serta, focus group discussion, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa komunitas nelayan di desa Asilulu telah merasakan dampak dari perubahan iklim yang menekan sistem penghidupan mereka meliputi kenaikan permukaan laut, intensitas badai dan gelombang tinggi, perubahan fishing ground dan kekacauan musim tangkap. Kerentanan komunitas dikategorikan tingkat sedang dan karenanya masih dalam area coping range komunitas. Nelayan melakukan adaptasi proaktif dan reaktif dalam strategi adaptasi fisik, sosial-ekonomi, dan sumber daya manusia yang sejauh ini mampu meningkatkan lebar selang toleransi sehingga kerentanan dapat dikurangi dan resiliensi sistem meningkat. Kondisi ini membuat komunitas nelayan cukup resilien. The purpose of this study is to identify the adaptation strategies of a fishing community to respond the impact of climate change. Location of the study in the fishing village Asilulu, determined purposively to represent the characteristics of the coastal villages in the north coast of the island of Ambon Maluku. The method used is the ‘method of historical case’ a sociological study method that combines two approaches, historical sociology and sociological history. Data collected between April 2010-June 2012, using the technique of participant observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and literature. Research shows that the fishing community in the village Asilulu have felt the impact of climate change which suppress their livelihood systems include sea level rise, storm intensity and high waves, changes in fishing grounds and fishing seasons chaos. Community vulnerability and therefore categorized as being still in the area of community coping range. Fishermen proactive adaptation and reactive adaptation strategies in physical, socio-economic, and human resources are so far able to increase the width of the tolerance interval so that vulnerabilities can be reduced and the resilience of the system increases.