bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Advancements in Surveillance Systems and Technologies
Authors: Singh Sukhpreet , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the evolution and latest advancements in surveillance systems and technologies, from traditional methods to cutting-edge innovations. The focus is on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), the development of advanced sensor networks, and their implications for privacy and security. Emerging trends, ethical challenges, and potential future directions in surveillance technologies are also discussed. The chapter offers a comprehensive overview of current surveillance systems and forecasts future technological advancements.
Automated Home Security System Based on Sound Event Detection Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Ciaburro Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

The prevention of domestic risks is important to guarantee protection inside the domestic surroundings. Domestic injuries are regularly because of negative renovation or carelessness. In both cases, an automatic device which could help us become aware of a chance may want to prove to be of critical importance. In this re-search, an Automated Home Security (AHS) gadget was developed with the intention of detecting capacity risks in unattended home environments. To accomplish this, low-fee acoustic sensors were applied to seize sound events usually located in domestic settings. The captured audio recordings have been in the end processed to extract applicable characteristics with the aid of generating spectrograms. This information was then fed right into a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the cause of identifying sound occasions that would potentially pose a danger to the well-being of individuals and assets in unattended home environments. The model exhibited a excessive level of accuracy, underscoring the effectiveness of the technique .
Leveraging AI and Machine Learning for Next-Generation Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
Authors: Mitra Uddalak , Rehman Shafiq UI
Published: November 2024

Missed diagnoses and medication errors are significant risks in healthcare, leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Traditional Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) rely on static, predefined rules, limiting their adaptability to personalized patient care. This chapter explores how integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can revolutionize CDSS, driving next-generation systems. By analyzing clinical datasets in real time, AI and ML enable personalized insights that enhance diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment recommendations, improve risk stratification, and streamline workflows. These advancements promise better patient outcomes, informed clinical decisions, and reduced costs. The chapter also addresses challenges like data quality, explainability, regulatory compliance, and ethics, proposing strategies for overcoming these. Through collaboration and research, AI and ML can transform CDSS into foundational healthcare elements, fostering personalized, data-driven, and efficient patient care.
A Contactless Real-Time System to Classify Multi-Class Sitting Posture Using Depth Sensor-Based Data
Authors: Coskun Huseyin
Published: November 2024

Musculoskeletal disorders are often linked to poor sitting postures, making the assessment of healthy sitting positions crucial. This study develops a system for contactless recognition of office workers' sitting postures, using various classification methods for health applications. Five sitting postures were defined based on medical literature and standards. Thirty subjects held these postures for 30 seconds, with pose data captured via a Kinect device. To overcome challenges like desks and computers, two datasets with different joint points were created. Pose samples were labeled by calculating angles between body parts like legs, hips, and back. Classification methods included Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, AdaBoost, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Ensemble Learning (EL). The highest accuracy was achieved by EL and SVM, at 99.8% and 99.7%, respectively. The first and fifth postures were found to be the most comfortable. This system aims to improve sitting behaviors and is useful for health monitoring and robotic vision.
Biological Relevance and Applications of Triazolothiadiazole Exploring Interactions, Synthesis, and Mechanisms
Authors: Hazarika Biki , Ropuia Lal , Singh Ved Prakash
Published: November 2024

Fused sulfur heterocycles, such as triazolothiadiazoles, contain four nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom as heteroatoms in their structure. These elements impart electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties, influencing the reactivity and chemical behaviour of the compounds. Such effects contribute to various chemical interactions, including coordination with metals and hydrogen bonding. For example, in drug discovery, these interactions play a role in binding with proteins through non-covalent interactions. Additionally, the electronic properties of this heterocycle can interact with plant pathogens, showing potential for applications in the agricultural sector. This chapter discusses the structural significance of triazolothiadiazoles and how they affect their reactivity, as well as their biological importance in medicinal and agricultural contexts. The triazolothiadiazole heterocycle shows significant promise for medicinal as well as agricultural applications, warranting further exploration.
Thienopyrroles-Emerging Therapeutic Agents in Modern Medicine
Authors: G. K. Prashanth , H. S. Lalithamba , Rao Srilatha , K. V. Rashmi , N. P. Bhagya , Gadewar Manoj
Published: November 2024

Thienopyrroles, characterized by a thiophene ring fused to a pyrrole ring, have garnered significant interest in medicinal chemistry for their diverse therapeutic properties. This review explores the recent advancements in the medical applications of thienopyrroles, highlighting their roles as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, analgesic, and antidiabetic agents. Through examining current research, we discuss the mechanisms by which thienopyrroles exert their effects, such as apoptosis induction, enzyme inhibition, cytokine suppression, and modulation of neurotrophic factors. The versatility and promise of thienopyrroles in modern medicine underscore their potential as scaffolds for the development of novel therapeutics. However, further research and clinical trials are essential to fully realize their benefits and ensure their safety and efficacy.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Activity of Benzothiadiazine
Authors: Hatvate Navnath Tulshiram , Ukhade Rutuja Rambhau , Akolkar Hemantkumar
Published: November 2024

Heterocyclic compounds are ubiquitous in biologically active compounds, including many drugs. Benzothiadiazine is a class of sulphur and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds comprised of a benzene ring fused with thiadiazine. Benzothiadiazine rings appear in many marketed drugs, such as bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, cyclothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and diazoxide, which are popularly known for their diuretic activity. The ring has diverse pharmacological activity, including anti-cancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, hypolipidaemic, and antidiabetic activity. This chapter focuses on the chemistry, synthetic methods, and bioactivity of different benzothiadiazine. Furthermore, the updates on patents and clinical trials have also been summarized in the present chapter.
The Enabling Role of 5G in the Digital Transformation of Healthcare
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Andargoli Amir
Published: November 2024

Digital transformations have taken place in various industry sectors such as banking and finance or in the automotive and manufacturing arenas. In all instances, these digital transformations have enabled the organisations in the respective industry to streamline processes, reduce inefficiencies, improve quality and provide high value products and services. Healthcare to date, has been a noted laggard in embracing the digital transformation and it is only more recently with the advent of EMRs and the COVID 19 pandemic that this sector is now turning to emerging technologies to explore the possibilities of a digital transformation. Given that healthcare is such a data rich and information intensive industry in which pertinent information and germane knowledge need to be available at the point of care to effect superior clinical decisions that in turn lead to optimal clinical outcomes, high value and a positive patient experience; it is unlikely that the full potential of the digital transformation can be realised in healthcare without simultaneously embracing 5G.
Blockchain in the Metaverse
Authors: Gouda Islam , Ahmad Munir , Maqsood Maida , Jain Nikhilesh , Bangash Sudhair Abbas
Published: November 2024

The chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the current challenges in healthcare, particularly focusing on data privacy, security, interoperability issues, and critical data management amid the evolving landscape of technology and patient needs. The integration of blockchain technology emerges as a promising solution to enhance data security, interoperability, and supply chain management in healthcare. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the transformative potential of the Metaverse in revolutionizing healthcare provision, learning, patient interaction, and immersive training for healthcare professionals. It highlights the opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with integrating blockchain and the Metaverse in healthcare, emphasizing the importance of regulatory compliance, data protection, patient autonomy, and interoperability standards. Through a proactive approach to addressing legal, ethical, and technical concerns, stakeholders can harness the full potential of these technologies.
Managing Health Data Landscapes and Blockchain Framework for Precision Medicine, Clinical Trials, and Genomic Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: November 2024

Blockchain governance in healthcare plays a vital role at the crossroads of technology and medical services. With Blockchain transforming how healthcare operates, having a strong governance structure is essential. This framework addresses ethical and regulatory issues while also ensuring that AI-driven tools and algorithms are used responsibly, ethically, and securely in the healthcare sector. The regulation of AI in healthcare and its associated challenges at national, regional, and international levels is a topic of both complexity and importance. These reports offer guidelines and key principles for the ethical and responsible implementation of AI systems. Specifically, blockchain in healthcare must be designed and used in ways that uphold human dignity, fundamental rights, and core values. This chapter comprehensively explores the diverse arena of AI systems which should foster equity, fairness, inclusiveness and accountability.
The Role of Iccubex Incubator Program in Accelerating Research Innovation and Industrial Collaboration
Authors: Muhamad Salina , Ali Norlinda Binti , Noor Norhayati Binti Mohamed , Ishak Ma Kalthum Binti , Ahmad Azurati Binti
Published: November 2024

UTM's successful commercialisation efforts through its ICCubeX Incubator Program, which has facilitated the commercialisation of 18 innovations in 2022 and 17 in 2023, generated RM 12.84 million in revenue. This program bridges the gap between academic research and market needs by providing IP management, seed funding, training, shared facilities, and mentorship. By fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem, UTM has seen 355 patents granted, with an increasing trend in filings, including 44 patents in 2023, alongside 2,503 other IP filings. The program supports 27 active spin-off companies, emphasizing the importance of industry collaboration, mentorship, and promoting academic innovations for sustainable commercial success. To enhance the entrepreneurial ecosystem and narrow the gap between universities and industries innovation and market placement, the incubator should facilitate regular impactful events with industries and enhancement of mentorship, skilled TTOs manager, and promote academic innovations with recognition to inspire a thriving entrepreneurial culture.
Optimizing the Random Forest Algorithm for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities Using Data Mining and Sparrow Search
Authors: Chandnani Neeraj , Padma Satuluri
Published: November 2024

Many industries, including marketing, customer service, education, entertainment, and journalism, have made extensive use of artificial intelligence-generated content based on massive language models. In order to assist students, develop their innovative thinking and international communication abilities, business English programs should incorporate innovation and entrepreneurship education. In this research, the authors gathered self-assessment data from a total of 1205 students and examined the impact of practical projects in business English courses on enhancing creativity and entrepreneurship-related abilities. The model was trained and tested in this paper using pertinent data, and the results indicate that the four classifications in the training set had 100% accuracy, while the four classifications in the test set had 96.26% accuracy. These results indicate that the model is capable of accurately predicting the experiences of students using the system. This finding has considerable bearing on how business English course designs and practice programs are developed.
Intellectual Property Development in Education
Authors: Chaudhary Ruchi Rahul , Gadekar Sushil
Published: November 2024

The advent of the New Education Policy (NEP) brings with it a transformative vision for the educational landscape of the nation. Emphasizing holistic development, innovation, and global competitiveness, the NEP underscores the importance of nurturing a culture of creativity, entrepreneurship, and intellectual property rights (IPR) awareness among students, educators, and researchers. In this context, the integration of innovation and training practices for IPR development assumes paramount significance. The NEP envisions an educational ecosystem that not only imparts knowledge but also cultivates critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and a spirit of innovation. Recognizing the pivotal role of intellectual property in fostering innovation and economic growth, the NEP advocates for robust mechanisms to nurture IPR literacy, skills, and practices across all levels of education. This study explores innovative approaches and training practices aimed at promoting IPR development in alignment with the vision of the New Education Policy.
Empowering Women in India Through Innovative Incubators and Accelerators for Energy Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ahmed Neetu
Published: November 2024

In India, as in many parts of the world, the energy sector is undergoing a profound transformation towards sustainability and innovation. Despite this shift, women's participation in the sector remains disproportionately low. Women are more affected by climate change than men, and yet innovation and entrepreneurship in this area is male-dominated. This chapter explores the unique challenges and opportunities for empowering women in India's energy entrepreneurship landscape. By examining the roles of innovation, accelerators, incubators, government initiatives, NGOs, and self-help groups, the authors aim to shed light on effective strategies for overcoming barriers and fostering inclusive growth. By leveraging the strengths of innovation, accelerators, government initiatives, NGOs, and self-help groups, we can create an enabling environment where women can thrive, innovate, and contribute to India's energy transition and economic growth.
Microbial evaluation of wild boar carcasses coming from control culling in the subalpine Prealpi Orobie area, northern Italy
Authors: Stella Simone , Ghislanzoni Giacomo , Borella Gualtiero , Zanutto Massimo , Longhi Daniela , Bernardi Cristian , Tirloni Erica
Published: November 2024

This study tested 32 carcasses of control-culled wild boars in a subalpine area of Northern Italy between May and November 2021, delivered to three approved game meat establishments. Carcasses and organs were submitted to the detection of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and Listeria monocytogenes; carcass surfaces were also sampled for microbial counts [total viable count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive Staphylococci]. Campylobacter spp. was detected with high prevalence (90.9%) in the caecum as well as Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes (37.5% and 25%, respectively), whereas only one animal harbored Salmonella spp. (3.8%). A low contamination rate was detected on the carcasses for Campylobacter spp. and Listeria spp. High TVC, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli counts were detected on the carcasses (5.90, 4.83 and 2.54 Log CFU/cm2, respectively). Animal sex and weight exerted a weak effect on bacterial counts; the same was observed for the culling/sampling interval. Moderately higher counts were detected in animals culled with high (>15°C) environmental temperatures. Animals shot in the abdomen showed higher counts for all the parameters except for Staphylococci, and an increasing count of enteric bacteria was observed when considering head/neck, shoulder, chest, and abdomen locations. A significant difference among the plants was observed, independently from the other factors, thus stressing the importance of the application of hygiene procedures in approved game meat establishments to limit carcass contamination.
Challenges in accessing patient-centered care and patient empowerment in selected Ghanaian hospitals
Authors: Kodom Ruby V. , Netangaheni Robert T.
Published: November 2024

Background: Patient-centred care (PCC) and patient empowerment (PE) are crucial for better healthcare outcomes, in lower-middle-income countries like Ghana, which continues to encounter many challenges.Aim: The study sought to determine the factors affecting the implementation of PCC and PE in Ghana through the voices of patients and healthcare providers.Setting: The study is based in Ghana, West Africa, and includes three healthcare facilities representing primary, secondary and tertiary care.Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive research design was employed to investigate the study’s objective by engaging healthcare workers and patients in selected facilities through purposive sampling. While 33 healthcare service providers participated in in-depth interviews, focus group discussions were held with four patient groups. The collected data were analysed thematically to identify key themes and insights.Results: The analysis revealed three overarching themes: organisational-, individual-, and environmental-level factors influencing PCC and PE. Findings presented under 10 sub-themes show that resource constraints and staff shortages hinder PCC, while patient agency and communication impact PE. In addition, the ability to pay and geographical barriers further hinder access to patient-centred services, affecting overall healthcare delivery.Conclusion: The findings from this study emphasise that without system-wide interventions to address these issues – including improving resource allocation, enhancing communication, and reducing geographical and financial barriers – achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030 remains highly aspirational.Contribution: The contribution of the study is inherent in the relevance of contextual findings towards improving health service delivery.
Evolution of natural polymer nerve conduit technology in peripheral nerve repair: a narrative review
Authors: Zhang Xiaopei , Yao Lijie , Yan Yuying , Fu Manfei
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide challenge in the clinic. Although autologous nerve is considered the gold standard for bridging large nerve defects (> 5 mm), donor-site morbidity, limited sources of donor nerves and other potential side effects restrict its application in nerve regeneration. Nerve guidance conduits have become increasingly popular as a promising alternative to autologous nerve repair and regeneration. The evolution of nerve guidance conduits from nondegradable materials to various biodegradable materials subsequently results in enhanced properties, such as superior biodegradability, a mimetic extracellular matrix and an optimal structure. This review describes current therapies for nerve repair and the mechanism and evolution of nerve guidance conduits with advantages and limitations; proposes the detailed requirements of ideal nerve guidance conduits; and emphasizes the applications of natural polymers, including collagen, chitosan, alginate, gelatin, silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid, in nerve regeneration with the incorporation of various functional materials, chemical modifications and feasible techniques to promote cell proliferation and axon regeneration. Compared with natural polymers, advanced nerve guidance conduits have considerable potential for nerve regeneration in the clinic.
Monte Carlo simulations of a multisource transcranial photobiomodulation helmet device: application to young and aged brains
Authors: Dole Marjorie , Bleuet Pierre , Auboiroux Vincent , Billères Malvina , Mitrofanis John
Published: November 2024

Transcranial photobiomodulation is an emerging non-invasive technique that uses near-infrared light to stimulate brain function and offer protection against damage. Although this method is safe, there is much uncertainty concerning the optimum dosage, in particular, the quantity of energy that, when applied transcranially from a multisource helmet device, reaches the brain parenchyma and produces a change in neural activity. In this study, we used the Monte Carlo method to simulate a typical session of transcranial photobiomodulation using an existing multisource helmet device and to quantify the energy deposition region by region in the brain. We simulated two commonly used wavelengths, 670 and 810 nm, and examined light propagation in young and aged brains. Our results showed that, from the multisource helmet device, light at both wavelengths could indeed reach superficial regions of the brain parenchyma, up to 3–4 cm beneath the scalp surface. Overall, the 810 nm light penetrated deeper than the 670 nm light. From approximately 1 cm beneath the scalp, the light distribution became almost uniform for both wavelengths. However, regional analysis revealed that light penetrated better into the frontal and parietal lobes than into other regions (e.g., the temporal lobe). Furthermore, the light from this multisource device did not reach deeper structures (e.g., subcortical). Finally, the Monte Carlo simulations from the device revealed only subtle differences between the young brain and the aged brain. In summary, our results contribute to a better understanding of the quantification of regional light deposition during a typical session of transcranial photobiomodulation using a multisource helmet device.
Iatrogenic ureteral injury during laparoscopic versus open colectomy
Authors: Abdulmohaymen Ayman M.
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

The rate of iatrogenic ureteral injury varies greatly depending on surgical approach and experience of the surgical team.

This study compares laparoscopic and open colectomy regarding incidence of ureteral injury.

Methods

This double-blind prospective study was performed on 120 patients undergoing colectomy. Patients were divided in group A (laparoscopic) and group B (open). Both groups were compared regarding incidence of iatrogenic ureteral injury.

Results

A total of 41 patients were in group A and 79 were in group B. One case of ureteral injury was identified during laparoscopic and another was identified during open procedures. Incidence of iatrogenic ureteral injury in laparoscopic group was 2.4% compared with 1.2% in open colectomy cases.

Conclusion

There is no statistically significant difference between its incidence in laparoscopic colectomy and open colectomy. Therefore, laparoscopic colectomy is a safe alternative to open colectomy with regard to iatrogenic ureteral injury.
Visual and sensory outcomes after refractive surgery for pediatric anisometropia
Authors: Farrag Ahmed A. , Mohamed Mahmoud A.B. , Yousef Hasan S.
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

Amblyopia is one of the most common causes of loss of vision in children. Unfortunately, in high pediatric anisometropia, spectacle correction is not tolerated by many children. Also, contact-lens wear by children may seem to be extremely challenging, difficult, and unrewarding. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate visual and sensory outcomes after refractive surgery for pediatric anisometropia resistant to conservative treatment.

Patients and methods

A prospective nonrandomized clinical study was carried out on 56 eyes of 56 children with anisometropia resistant to usual treatment. Refractive surgery was conducted and according to its type, the included patients were divided. Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) group included 26 patients, while Photorefracive Keratectomy (PRK) group included 15 children besides 15 patients in implantable collamer lens (ICL) group. Complete ophthalmologic examination was performed before and after surgery for all groups with follow-up visits at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months.

Results

Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), and refractive parameters improved dramatically in all groups with more significant improvement in LASIK group in comparison with the other groups. However, the preservation of BCVA was better with the ICL at both immediate healing period and through the 18-month follow-up. Sensory tests did not show significant changes in all groups.

Conclusion

Refractive surgery is safe and effective for pediatric anisometropia treatment. LASIK has better visual outcomes and ICL has more preserved outcomes.
Value of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase Ratio in predicting coronary thrombus burden in ST elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Aboelhassan Mohamed , Abdelmegid Mohamed A.-K.F. , Moeen Sawsan M. , Hassan Salma M. , AbdEl-Hameed Ishraq H. , Shehata Khaled M.A.
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

The liver is extremely responsive to circulatory hemodynamics as a result of its intricate network of blood arteries. Elevated blood transaminase levels are frequently detected in individuals with myocardial infarction, this study is to determine the predictive value of the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and different clinical parameters in assessing the severity of coronary thrombus burden in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective cohort study conducted on 115 patients with acute STEMI (ST segment myocardial infarction) who underwent primary PCI. AST/ALT ratio was calculated for each patient. Evaluation of the extent of thrombus burden using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) scoring system.

Results

56 patients had AST/ALT ratio greater than 2, while 59 patients had AST/ALT ratio less than 2. STEMI patients with AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 had a significantly higher prevalence of total vessel occlusion (TIMI thrombus grade 5), and there is a significant association between high AST/ALT ratio and TIMI thrombus grade 5 on both univariate and multivariate analysis. However, there is no statistically significant difference between both groups as regarding the coronary artery complexity as assessed by SYNTAX and Genseni scores.

Conclusion

Patients with AST/ALT ratio greater than 2 are strongly associated with high thrombus burden (thrombus burden of 5) on TIMI thrombus grade before primary PCI.
The role of ligamentum teres tenodesis in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Allah Ahmed O.A.A.A. , Abuomira Ibrahim E.A.E. , Amr Amr A.E.
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

The treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is still challenging. New advanced techniques have improved our knowledge of the best way to prevent the recurrence of dislocation and minimize complications during early treatment. This study aims to assess the results of ligamentum teres tenodesis in the treatment of DDH.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective case series, single-blinded study, conducted at Orthopedic Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut on 20 children with DDH through the anterior or anterolateral Smith-Petersen approach with creating tunnel from acetabular cavity to intrapelvic cavity then tightening of the passed sutured ligamentum teres with interosseous sutures in the iliac bone.

Result

The mean age was 21.63±7.1 months with 55% aged 10–20 months. Eighty-five percent of cases were female. Seventy percent were from urban areas, and 65% of surgery was performed on the right side. We found highly significant statistical differences between the studied cases (preoperative and postoperative after ligamentum teres tenodesis) as regards modified Harris Hip Score, which obtained the improvement of studied cases clinically with stable hip joint, acetabular index (AI) and Tonnis grade both obtain the radiological reduction and stabilization of the hip joint. All the studied cases had no avascular necrosis postoperatively.

Conclusion

Open reduction using ligamentum teres tenodesis is an effective treatment for DDH. The tenodesis of ligamentum teres maintains reduction stabilization and can also shorten the hip spica postoperative period from 3 months to 1 month.
Isoteritinoin induced transient myopia and acute secondary closed angle glaucoma in a healthy individual
Authors: Hammour Abdallah E.
Published: November 2024

Isotretinoin infrequently reported to be associated with the development and deterioration of myopia. Here we present a 37-year-old-woman on oral-isotretinoin-(20 mg/d)-for-acne-treatment presented with bilateral blurred vision and ocular pain for one week. Her UCVA was 20/200OD and 20/300OS. The refraction was−4.50Dâ 1.0D×180OD and−5.5Dâ 0.5D×30°OS. IOP was 68-mmHg. Slit-lamp examination revealed mild corneal edema, mid-dilated sluggish reaction pupils, and markedly shallow AC without inflammation. Gonioscopy-showed shallow AC with 360° appositional angle closure. Isotretinoin was discontinued, and anti-glaucoma and cycloplegic were started. A few days later all ocular manifestations were resolved. We think that an adverse reaction to oral isotretinoin may result in bilateral temporary myopia shift and acute secondary closed angle glaucoma.
Investigating paranasal sinuses developmental disorders and septum deviation angle effects on olfactory fossa depth using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Haerian Hoda , Ghaffari Roshanak , Azari Shabnam
Published: November 2024

Background:

The ethmoid roof separates the ethmoid cells from the anterior cranial fossa. From the medial side, the roof of the ethmoid is connected to the lateral lamella of the ethmoid plate, which is the thinnest bone at the base of the skull and is most vulnerable to damage during endoscopic surgeries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the height of the lateral lamella in patients with hypoplasia/aplasia of the paranasal sinuses and deviation of the nasal septum using reconstructed multiplanar images by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study, 192 CBCT images (89 males and 103 females) with an age range of 18 years and older were examined. These 192 participants included 58 cases of frontal sinus (FS) hypoplasia/aplasia, 42 cases of maxillary sinus (MS) hypoplasia/aplasia, 12 cases of sphenoid sinus (SS) hypoplasia/aplasia, 40 cases of nasal septum deviation, and 40 cases as a control group. As Keros classification indicates, the depth of the olfactory fossa was estimated in three categories: type 1 (1–3 mm), type 2 (4–7 mm), and type 3 (8–16 mm). The height of the lateral lamella was measured in the coronal section in all images. The septum deviation angle was also measured in the coronal section. For statistical analysis, Shapiro–Wilk, independent t, nonparametric Mann–Whitney, Pearson correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were done using the SPSS 22 software.

Results:

The most common type of olfactory fossa in all disorders and the control group was type II of the Keros classification. The highest average lateral lamella height was in the SS hypoplasia group (6.226 mm) and the lowest in the FS aplasia group (4.411 mm). The lateral lamella height in FS aplasia/hypoplasia groups was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.044). The average deviation angle of the nasal septum was 19.73° ±5.35° and no significant relationship was found between this angle and the height of lateral lamella (P = 0.938). The height of the lateral lamella in the FS hypoplasia group was significantly higher in men than in women (P = 0.019), but in other groups, there was no relationship between lateral lamella height and gender. Seventy-five percent of the participants of the nasal septum deviation group were type II of Keros classification and the remaining 25% were type I.

Conclusion:

The lateral lamella height in hypoplastic/aplastic FSs is lower than normal, and this information is useful in preventing complications during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Current Practice for Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children – A Review
Authors: Swain Santosh K. , Dubey Debasmita
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A common childhood disease known as otitis media with effusion (OME) is described as the presence of fluids in the middle ear without any features of an acute ear infection. OME in the pediatric age group often leads to manifestations of hearing loss and speech delay.

Methods:

The search for recent research articles on managment of otitis media with effusion was done with databases scopus, pubMed, medline, and google scholar. This review article discusses the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and current management of OME in children.

Results:

Nasal balloon auto-inflation appears to be a promising technique with some benefits in selected cases of OME. Insertion of grommets or ventilation tubes in pediatric patients with OME and hearing impairment is helpful in case of failed watchful waiting. Grommet insertion is usually effective in restoring hearing thresholds. Adenoidectomy can be performed in addition to grommet insertion in children of OME with adenoid hypertrophy. A combination of ventilation tubes and adenoidectomy is broadly helpful to normalize the hearing and increasing nasal patency. Early treatment of OME is helpful to improve the quality of life and social and educational performance. Neither medical treatment nor complementary or alternative treatment has been proven for giving effective treatment of OME. In children of OME with hearing impairment benefit through the effective restoration of hearing by insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets). Adenoidectomy is helpful in the case of persistent OME.

Conclusion:

The combination of ventilation tubes and adenoidectomy in children with OME is beneficial in terms of hearing, respiratory, and development of the children.
Infographics to Identify and Review Medically Important Microbes and Microbial Diseases: A Tool to Ignite Minds of Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Sannathimmappa Mohan B. , Nambiar Vinod , Aravindakshan Rajeev
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Infographics or image-based teaching-learning methods are innovative student-centered teaching–learning approaches. The objective of our study was to explore medical students’ perception regarding the effectiveness of image-based learning strategy in promoting their lifelong learning skills and evaluate its influence on improving students’ exam grades.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective single-cohort study on undergraduate medical students enrolled in the academic year 2021–2022. The efficacy of the image-based teaching–learning method was evaluated through the assessment of pretest, posttest, and exam scores. Students’ feedback was obtained using a pre-established questionnaire utilizing a 3-point Likert scale. The questionnaire’s reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test. The results of In-Course Exam-4 were compared to those of In-Course Exams 1, 2, and 3. Correlation coefficients were calculated, as appropriate, to determine the influence of the activity on grades. The data were gathered, inputted into Microsoft Excel, and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 22.

Results:

The study comprised 127 students. The post-test scores of students exhibited a considerable increase (26.82 ± 3.14) in comparison to the pre-test scores (8.42 ± 5.62). Students’ perception of the efficacy of image-based learning in enhancing their lifelong learning skills was highly favorable (Cronbach’s alpha for all questions was 0.756). A majority of students (>80%) expressed that image-based learning was engaging, promoted peer conversation, and facilitated their ability to recognize, investigate, and modify crucial information and enhance their knowledge. Approximately 70% of respondents indicated that image-based learning improved their abilities in critical thinking and problem-solving. Nine out of 10 students endorsed an image-based learning method for future topics.

Conclusions:

In summary, the utilization of the image-based learning method proved to be successful in attaining the learning outcomes of undergraduate medical students in microbiology. The study’s findings supported the adoption of an image-based learning strategy in microbiology courses. Nevertheless, it is necessary to conduct multicentric studies to validate our study findings.
Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication – Role of a Catheter Mount and a Laparoscopic Washer in the Removal of an Intrabronchial Foreign Body
Authors: Divyashree S , Krishnagopal Vinod , Shanmuga Priya A , Murugan Raj
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Foreign body retrieval from the airway can be quite challenging due to various concerns such as sharing of the airway between the anesthesiologist and pulmonologist, reduced functional residual capacity, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, etc. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy through supraglottic airway devices has been preferred over rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body retrieval as there is better control of the airway, provides access to distal airways, and allows bronchoalveolar lavage. However, intermittent pauses in positive pressure ventilation could be deleterious in patients with reduced functional residual capacity. The incorporation of a catheter mount with a laparoscopy washer in the suction port will enable the simultaneous execution of ventilation and foreign body extraction. We have successfully used the above technique in the retrieval of an intrabronchial foreign body from a 65-year-old obese man.
Does Whole-Body Vibration Training Along With Short Foot Exercises Influence Electrophysiological and Functional Activities in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Desai Roopa Rajendra , Gaitonde Avanti , Rathi Manisha , Palekar Tushar J.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Whole body vibration (WBV) is an emerging technique that confirms its effectiveness in treating various conditions like stroke, post ACL reconstruction, and cerebral palsy. However, scientific findings regarding the efficacy of WBV training on inhibition of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) that occurs in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is lacking. The literature confirms the effectiveness of short foot exercises (SFEs) in reducing knee pain and its influence on valgus stress of the knee joint. This study investigated whether SFE on WBV can have an impact on recruitment and functioning of VMO.

Objective:

To study the effectiveness of SFE performed with and without WBV on VMO recruitment and functional activities in PFPS.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-two subjects aged 20–40 years with PFPS were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 (n = 26) received SFE on WBV, whereas group 2 (n = 26) received SFE on a stationary platform. Both groups received treatment for 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and the Kujala patellofemoral score (KPS) were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Within group analysis was carried out using Wilcoxin matched pair test and Mann Whitney U test was used for intergroup analysis.

Results:

Wilcoxon signed ranks test revealed no significant differences in sEMG in both groups, whereas KPS showed significant improvements after 4 weeks of intervention (P < .001). Mann–Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in KPS between both groups, with a P value of 0.042.

Conclusion:

SFE with WBV as well as SFE alone improves functional activities in PFPS.
Practice of Breaking Bad News among Registered Medical Practitioners of Tertiary Hospitals in Manipur: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Homendro Irengbam , Nandeibam Ranchandra , Devi Pangambam Amrita , Huyam Yaipharembi , Singh Khangembam Sonarjit , Akoijam Brogen Singh
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Treatment adherence, better health outcomes, and patients’ satisfaction depend on the way the treating physician breaks bad news. There is limited training during medical school as well as limited data on the practice of breaking bad news among registered medical practitioners in Manipur.

Aims:

1. To assess the practice of breaking bad news among registered medical practitioners. 2. To assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the practice of breaking bad news of the registered medical practitioners of tertiary hospitals in Manipur.

Setting and Design:

A cross-sectional study among 439 registered medical practitioners (RMPs) of the four tertiary hospitals of Manipur was conducted from January 16th to February 10th, 2023.

Materials and Methods:

Data collection was done by using a structured questionnaire which had a section on the practice of breaking bad news (BBN) toward the patients by using SPIKES protocol and was measured by using a five-point Likert scale.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS V 26. Descriptive statistics, like median, frequency, and percentage, were used to summarize data. The Chi-square test was used and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The majority of the participants (60%) were males. Forty-seven percent of the participants were fully practicing all the components of the BBN protocol. There was a significant association between older registered medical practitioners (P = 0.002), more years of service (P = 0.001), and higher educational qualification (P = 0.027) with the full practice of BBN protocol.

Conclusion:

Almost half of the participants were partially practicing all steps of the BBN protocol.
Diabetes-related distress in a multiethnic primary care population with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore: magnitude and associated risk factors
Authors: Lamoureux Oriana , Aravindhan Amudha , Chan Aurora Wing Dan , Man Ryan Eyn Kidd , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Tang Wern Ee , Wong Wei Teen , Soo Wern Fern , Lim Shin Wei , Wee Sabrina Yi-Mei , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Fenwick Eva K
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

We determined the magnitude and associated risk factors of diabetes-related distress (DRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary care clinics.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional clinic-based study, Singaporean patients with T2DM attending DM complications screening at six polyclinics were recruited. Relevant data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. ‘Possible’ DRD was indicated by a score of ≥8 on the five-item Problem Areas in Diabetes questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the sociodemographic, medical, clinical and patient-reported factors associated with possible DRD.

Results:

Among the 970 participants (median [interquartile range] age 61.0 [55–67] years; 47.1% female, 64.1% Chinese), 171 (17.6%) and 799 (82.3%) had possible DRD and no DRD, respectively. Every 1-year increase in age was associated with a 4% reduction in the odds of having possible DRD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–0.98; P <0.001). Malays had nearly three times the odds of possible DRD compared to Chinese patients. Those with arthritis and any DM complication had two-fold odds of possible DRD. Furthermore, ‘fair/poor’ self-rated health status and ‘poor’ self-rated DM control were independently associated with possible DRD (P <0.05). Conversely, participants who currently consumed alcohol (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.89; P = 0.019) and those with better health literacy (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75–0.88; P <0.001) had lower odds of possible DRD.

Conclusion:

Nearly one in five patients with T2DM had possible DRD in our primary care population. Interventions focusing on improving modifiable factors, together with integration of psychological care, may reduce the levels of DRD in this population.
Early physiotherapy referral for low back pain reduces healthcare utilisation for advanced imaging and specialist spine surgery consultations
Authors: Moorthy Vikaesh , Ong Pei Gin , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common presenting complaints among patients and the costliest orthopaedic condition. This study aimed to compare the healthcare utilisation rates of advanced imaging and specialist consultations for LBP between patients presenting with early physiotherapy (EPT) before specialist review and routine physiotherapy (RPT) after specialist review.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who (n = 311) had been referred to specialist spine surgery for LBP in 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline demographics, healthcare utilisation rates and clinical outcomes were compared between those who attended EPT before spine surgery consultation and those who attended RPT after specialist consultation.

Results:

There were no significant differences in baseline demographics or clinical outcomes of Visual Analogue Scale pain scores, EuroQol 5-Dimension scores and surgery rates between the EPT (n = 183) and RPT (n = 128) groups. At 6 months follow-up, EPT was associated with significantly lower magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rates (P = 0.026), decreased likelihood of requiring MRI (odds ratio [OR] 0.865, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.757–0.990), reduced number of specialist spine surgery consultations (P < 0.001), decreased likelihood of requiring additional specialist consultations (OR 0.770, 95% CI 0.655–0.905), fewer physiotherapy sessions (P = 0.001) and decreased likelihood of requiring additional physiotherapy sessions (OR 0.835, 95% CI 0.553–1.261).

Conclusions:

Early physiotherapy reduces the (a) overall treatment duration from the first referral by the primary physician, (b) number of advanced imaging ordered (and thus, associated imaging costs), and (c) total number of clinic and therapy sessions, and it is safe and allows patients to achieve comparable functional outcomes to their counterparts undergoing RPT. These findings support the implementation of EPT for patients with LBP to reduce healthcare utilisation and associated costs for patients, providers and healthcare systems.