bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature Modulation of Cryoanalgesia for Pain Control in Irreversible Pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gomez Gonzalo
Published: November 2024

Objetives:This prospective, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pulpal anesthesia in pain control during endodontic procedures by comparing administration of 3% mepivacaine at refrigerated temperature to 3% mepivacaine at room temperature in teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis. The null hypothesis posited no difference between the two types of this local anesthetic.
Materials and Methods:Twenty-six patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of teeth were randomly distributed in two groups. Group 1 received 3% mepivacaine at room temperature, while Group 2 received 3% mepivacaine at 5°C. Preoperative variables were assessed, including pulp and periapical diagnosis, tooth type, pain levels, and anxiety level. Following administration of 3.6ml of local anesthesia, treatment commenced. Pain experienced during injection and pulpectomy were recorded. Fisher's exact test was employed to analyze preoperative factors and anesthetic success, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results:The study findings revealed statistical differences in the success rate of anesthesia between the two groups. Group 2, which received mepivacaine at 5°C, exhibited an 80% higher success rate than Group I, which received mepivacaine at room temperature (20%). None of the preoperative variables demonstrated a significant correlation with anesthetic success.
Conclusion: Within the constraints of this clinical trial, it can be inferred that lowering the temperature of plain 3% mepivacaine from room temperature to 5°C enhances the success rate in pain management during treatment.
Clinical Relevance This article reports on a randomized clinical trial demonstrating that cooling 3% mepivacaine to 5°C significantly improves anesthetic success and pain management in cases of irreversible pulpitis during endodontic procedures.
Examining the Influence of Organizational Structure and Leadership on Innovation in Hybrid Work Settings: The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture in Enhancing Team Collaboration and Innovation Outcomes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of organizational structures and leadership styles on innovation within hybrid work environments, focusing on the mediating role of organizational culture in enhancing team collaboration.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured survey administered to team members and leaders in hybrid organizations. Data were analysed using SmartPLS, facilitating the assessment of structural relationships and the mediation effect of organizational culture on collaboration and innovation.
Findings
The analysis reveals that flexible organizational structures and transformational leadership significantly enhance team collaboration, which in turn fosters innovation. Furthermore, organizational culture serves as a crucial mediator, amplifying the positive influence of collaboration on innovative outcomes.
Practical implications
Organizations should prioritize the cultivation of adaptable structures and leadership styles that promote a collaborative culture, particularly in hybrid settings. Such strategies are essential for driving innovation and improving organizational performance.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the interplay between organizational dynamics and innovation in hybrid environments, highlighting the role of SmartPLS as a valuable tool for analyzing complex relationships in organizational studies.
Effect of Crack Geometry and Bedding Angle on the Cracking Processes in Composite Layered Rocks with Flaws
Authors: Zhao TENGYUAN
Published: November 2024

Composite layered rocks are widespread geological formations commonly subjected to engineering activities such as mining, tunneling, and petroleum extraction. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity and engineering disturbances, these rocks commonly exhibit local fractures and exist in pre-cracked states, posing a significant threat to the stability of rocks. Therefore, studying the mechanical behavior and cracking mechanism of composite layered rocks with pre-existing cracks holds significant importance. In this study, we modeled a series of composite layered rocks with double pre-existing cracks by considering variations in crack lengths, crack angles, and bedding angles. Numerical simulations were performed using the Rock Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) code. Under uniaxial compression simulation, we explored the processes of crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence under various crack geometries and bedding angles. The corresponding uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the rock bridge damage were also discussed. Our results indicate that crack length significantly reduces the strength of layered rocks, while increasing crack angle helps mitigate this reduction. Crack initiation locations and types are influenced by both crack length and crack angle, with the latter also influencing the rock bridge failure that is primarily characterized by vertical microcracks. Moreover, bedding angle also significantly affects crack initiation and propagation, with crack propagation often accompanied by bedding failure. As the bedding angle increases, bedding crack initiation becomes more frequent. Finally, the direct shear crack coalescence is more prevalent when α ≤ 30°, while the core-like crack coalescence is more common when α ≥ 45°.
Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit Behinderungen im Bereich Wohnen
Authors: Rüegger Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Die Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit Behinderungen im Bereich Wohnen ist durch Behindertenrechtskonvention und Bundesverfassung gewährleistet. Einem selbstbestimmten Leben stehen aber nach wie vor Hindernisse wie bspw. fehlende Unterstützungsdienste im Weg. Mit Motion 24.3003 wird auf Bundesebene die Revision einschlägiger Rechtsgrundlagen gefordert. Der Bundesrat verweist seinerseits auf offene Fragen zu den jeweiligen Kompetenzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt diese politische Debatte zum Anlass, um die Kompetenzverteilung im Bereich des autonomen Wohnens zu untersuchen. In einer völkerrechtskonformen Verfassungsauslegung werden zunächst die grund- und menschenrechtlichen Pflichten zur Förderung des selbstbestimmten Wohnens dargelegt. Im Anschluss vertieft der Beitrag die eng verflochtenen Kompetenzen von Bund und Kantonen gemäss Art. 112b und 112c Bundesverfassung mit der Schlussfolgerung, dass Bund und Kantone verpflichtet sind, autonome Wohnformen zu fördern und auf institutionelle Formen der Unterbringung soweit wie möglich zu verzichten. Dies erfordert entsprechende Anpassungsleistungen im jeweiligen Kompetenzbereich.
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L'autonomie de logement des personnes en situation de handicap est protégée par la Convention de l'ONU relative aux droits des personnes handicapées et la Constitution fédérale suisse. Cependant, certains obstacles, comme le manque de services de soutien, réduisent sensiblement cette liberté. La motion 24.3003 demande une révision des normes constitutionnelles pertinentes. La présente contribution se penche sur les questions soulevées par le Conseil fédéral concernant la répartition des responsabilités liées à l'autonomie de logement. En se fondant sur une interprétation conforme au droit international de la Constitution, elle expose d'abord les obligations en matière de droits fondamentaux et de droits de l'homme visant à promouvoir cette autonomie. Elle examine ensuite en détail les compétences partagées entre la Confédération et les cantons, telles que définies aux articles 112b et 112c de la Constitution. Il en ressort que la Confédération et les cantons sont tenus d'encourager les formes de logement autonome et de limiter autant que possible l'usage d'hébergements institutionnels, ce qui nécessite des ajustements dans leurs compétences respectives.
Fundamental aspects of selenium and selenoprotein biochemistry: applied value in oncology
Authors: Stanoevich I. V. , Khvostovoy V. V. , Petrochenko D. V. , Salamatina A. Yu. , Ioutsi V. A. , Furman Yu V. , Lysovolenko N. L. , Ermilov I. V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study was to carry out a systematic analysis of the data available in the modern literature on the essentiality of selenium in biological systems and the importance of selenoproteins in oncogenesis.

Material and Methods. The publications were analyzed using Scopus (415), PubMed (521), Web of Science (139), eLibrary.ru (240) databases. To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, eLibrary.ru were used.

Results. The need to use selenium compounds for the prevention and treatment of malignant neoplasms is controversial, and some selenoproteins have demonstrated a permissive role in oncogenesis, thus requiring further in-depth study in neoplasms of various histogenesis.

Conclusion. It is necessary to continue comprehensive molecular studies of bioorganic selenium compounds at the morphological, ultrastructural and biochemical levels in tumors of various localizations, depending on the genetic characteristics of the studied population and the geochemical characteristics of the region.
Analysis of the effectiveness of primary treatment of stage IA–IIA ovarian cancer. Siberian Journal of Oncology
Authors: Zhurman V. N. , Nechushkina V. M.
Published: November 2024

Aim: to determine the effectiveness of primary treatment of patients with ovarian cancer of stages IA–IIA.

Material and Methods. The study included 336 (100 %) patients with histologically confrmed ovarian cancer of stages IA–IIA, who were treated at the Primorsky Regional Oncology Center from 2004 to 2021. The overall survival (s) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed depending on clinical and morphological factors: histological type of cancer, BRCA1/2 mutation, profle of the clinic where surgical treatment was performed, surgical staging and chemotherapy option. The examination for a mutation in the BRCA1/2 gene was performed by a new generation sequencing method. The data were statistically processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program.

Results. The average age of patients with stage IA–IIA ovarian cancer was 52.12 ± 12.13 years. Statistically signifcantly higher survival rates were in patients with histological tumor type low-grade serous carcinoma compared with high-grade serous carcinoma (S: p=0.010 and IBP: p=0.020), with surgical treatment in specialized hospitals compared with patients operated in gynecological hospitals (s: p=0.040 and IBP: p=0.020), during adequate surgical staging (OV: p=0.008 and IBP: p=0.010), during treatment with platinum and taxanes (OV: p=0.001 and IBP: p=0.001).

Conclusion. It was shown that about 30 % of patients with stage IA–IIA ovarian cancer in Primorsky Krai received primary surgical treatment in non-specialized hospitals, which increased the risk of progression and death by 1.7 times. A low percentage of adequate surgical staging was noted (12.5 %). Adjuvant chemotherapy with platinum and non-oxane agents worsened the prognosis of the disease. Patients with low-grade serous carcinoma had a more favorable prognosis (by 60 %). There was no statistically signifcant effect of the presence of a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes on survival rates.
Biological testing of titanium-containing implants with noble metal coatings in an in vivo experiment
Authors: Zheravin A. A. , Dorovskikh S. I. , Vikulova E. S. , Basova T. V. , Vasileva M. B. , Rusakova Ya. L. , Morozova N. B.
Published: November 2024

The aim of study is to conduct in vivo biological testing of titanium nickelide samples modifed with Ag/Pt or AuAg/Pt flm heterostructures in comparison with the bare carrier.

Material and Methods. Titanium nickelide plates modifed with flm heterostructures made of noble metals and the laboratory mini-pigs used for in vivo tests were the objects of the study. To form flm structures on titanium nickelide samples, the physical gasphase deposition methods: ion plasma deposition (IPD) and thermal (PVD) sputtering were used. The Ag/ Pt or AuAg/Pt heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning microscopy methods.

Results. The biocompatibility of implants before (TiNi, control) and after (Ag/Pt/TiNi and AuAg/Pt/TiNi) modifcation with flm heterostructures was tested in in-vivo experiments on a laboratory animal (mini-pig). General toxic reactions of the body to the injected samples were absent. A comparative macroscopic and histological analysis of the condition of peri-implant tissues after 39 days of implantation was performed. The connective tissue capsule around the TiNi sample revealed the presence of a certain number of lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages, but these indicators decrease in the order of TiNi > AuAg/Pt/TiNi > Ag/Pt/TiNi.

Conclusion. The positive effect of modifying the titanium nickelide surfaces with noble metal heterostructures on the biocompatibility of metal implants was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment.
Basic surgical principles for locally advanced rectal cancer in complex therapy
Authors: Barsukov Yu. A. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Vlasov O. A. , Aliev V. A. , Kulushev V. M. , Perevoshchikov A. G. , Dudaev Z. A. , Khudoerov D. Kh.
Published: November 2024

Background. Compliance with principles of surgical oncology is necessary to choose effective treatment options for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Objective: to show the basic surgical principles for LARC using a new option of complex therapy.

Material and Methods. The basic surgical principles for LARC using a new option of complex therapy with polyradiomodifcation (local microwave hyperthermia + intrarectal administration of a polymer composition with Metronidazole) in combination with polychemotherapy (oral administration of Capecitabine + intravenous administration of Oxaliplatin) with concurrent prolonged hypofractionated radiation therapy were presented.

Results. The treatment outcomes of the new option of complex neoadjuvant therapy with the compliance of surgical oncology principles were studied in 46 patients with LARC (T3cd-T4a N1c-2ab M0, CRM+, EMVI+). An analysis of the immediate outcomes showed that postoperative complications were diagnosed in only 4 (8.7 %) of 46 patients and no deaths were recorded. The local control was achieved: cancer recurrence was diagnosed in only 1 (2.2 %) and distant metastases in 4 (8.7 %) of patients. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate in these patients was signifcantly higher than that observed in patients who received conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in combination with Capecitabine (81.0 vs 56.8 %, p=0.02). The improvement of results was achieved both by adhering to the principles of surgical oncology and increasing the radiosensitivity of the tumor: pathologic complete response was achieved in 35 (76.1 %) patients. This made it possible to perform sphincter-preserving surgeries in 71.7 % (33 out of 46) patients and in 66.7 % (18 out of 27) with lower-ampullary cancer.

Conclusion. The use of a new method of complex therapy for LARC and compliance with the basic principles of surgical oncology allowed the improvement of long-term treatment outcomes by achieving local control of the tumor, contributing to the expansion of indications for performing sphincter-preservingsurgeries.
Uso da Toxina Botulínica Tipo A no Tratamento da Paralisia de Bell
Authors: Botelho Elorah Minguta , Silva Millena Leandro da , Fagundes Raquel Maia da Silva , Mendonça Ana Carolina da Fonseca , Cupello Peixoto Maurício
Published: November 2024

A paralisia de Bell, uma condição que causa paralisia facial, pode ter um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) tem sido investigada como uma opção terapêutica promissora para tratar essa condição. Esta revisão da literatura buscou avaliar a eficácia e segurança da TBA no tratamento da paralisia de Bell, com base em estudos publicados em português e inglês nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Acadêmico, onde foram selecionados 28 artigos que utilizavam as palavras-chave "botulinum toxin", "Bell's palsy" e "treatment". Os achados da revisão demonstram que a toxina botulínica do tipo A emerge como uma promissora alternativa para o tratamento da paralisia facial de Bell, com destaque para a redução da sincinesia. A análise dos dados coletados sugere que a TBA, quando aplicada de forma personalizada, pode oferecer benefícios significativos aos pacientes.
A Relação do HPV com o Desenvolvimento do Câncer de Orofaringe no Brasil
Authors: Silva Gizele Amaral da , Marinho Iolanda Pinho , Oliveira Marilza Assunção de
Published: November 2024

A Relação do HPV com o desenvolvimento do câncer de orofaringe no Brasil, busca explorar a relação entre o papilomavírus humano (HPV) e o câncer de orofaringe no contexto brasileiro. Observando a importância sobre o assunto que este trabalho teve como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre a infecção por HPV e o desenvolvimento do câncer de orofaringe no Brasil. A pesquisa baseou-se em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, selecionando artigos, livros e monografias entre os anos de 2015 a 2024, com análise focada em estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos, utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Um total de 789 obras foram identificadas, e distribuídas entre as plataformas digitais disponíveis. Os resultados mostraram que a relação entre o HPV e o câncer de orofaringe no Brasil revela tendências importantes, tanto no aumento da prevalência da doença quanto nas implicações clínicas e sociais associadas. O crescimento dos casos de carcinomas de orofaringe induzidos pelo HPV, especialmente entre jovens, reflete uma transição epidemiológica significativa, destacando o vírus como um fator etiológico preponderante. Além disso, pacientes HPV-positivos apresentam prognósticos mais favoráveis, com melhores taxas de sobrevida, indicando que o status de HPV deve ser considerado no manejo e no tratamento da doença.
In vitro activity of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) chloroform extract against non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: GUZ LESZEK , PUK KRZYSZTOF , PASTUSZKA ANNA
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chloroform (CHL) extract of Thyme vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae). The CHL extract from aerial parts of T. vulgaris exhibited antimicrobial activity against slow growth mycobacteria – SGM (n = 49) and rapid growth mycobacteria – RGM (n = 50) strains isolated from diseased ornamental fish. The MICAV , MIC90, and MIC50 values of CHL extract against to RGM strains were found to be at 194.00, 400, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The MICAV , MIC90, and MIC50 values of CHL extract against to SGM strains were found to be at 54.59, 100, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the CHL extract exhibits the activity against non tuberculosis mycobacteria isolated from diseased ornamental fish.
PROTAC and PROTAB: Revolutionizing Cancer Therapy by Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Verma Swati , Paliwal Sarvesh , Paramanick Debashish
Published: November 2024

Chemotherapeutic strategies that target irregularly produced or mutant proteins using
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tiny molecular inhibitors have been extensively employed to
target cancer. However, because most intracellular proteins lack antigens or active sites with
which mAbs or SMIs can engage, they have not been considered druggable targets. After extensive
research, PROTACs (Proteolysis Targeting chimaeras) have become a promising way to
work with proteins. Scaffolding proteins and transcription factors may also be targeted. The present
targets of PROTACs include kinases like CDKs and RTKs, overexpressed oncogenic proteins
like AR and BRDs, cancer-driven mutant proteins like EGFR, and disease-relevant fusion
proteins like NPM/EML4-ALK and BCR-ABL. The inability of small-molecule intracellular
degraders to enter cells and their low bioavailability can also be circumvented with PROTABs.
The use of multispecific binding proteins is an improved way to target the breakdown of membrane-
bound and cell-surface proteins.
Characterization of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose
Authors: Yadav Ramji Lal , Singh Neeru , Karaiya S. N. , Dev Rahul , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2024

2-Deoxy-D-glucose is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and its
analytical characterization is critical for establishing its purity and quality. This chapter
summarizes spectroscopic techniques, including UV, IR, NMR, and mass
spectrometry, along with HPLC and GC studies used for the complete structural
elucidation and purity analysis of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose. The UV spectrum of 2-DeoxyD-Glucose showed no distinct peaks. The IR spectrum displayed characteristic bands
for the O-H and C-H functional groups. 1H, 13C, APT, DEPT NMR, HSQC, and HMBC
experiments confirmed the nominally proposed structure. ESI-MS revealed an [M+Na]+
ion at m/z 187. Specific optical rotation was measured in water. HPLC studies
estimated the related substances and assay to be 1.2% and 99.8%, on an anhydrous
basis, respectively. The residual solvents, such as methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl
acetate, and toluene, were determined by GC headspace and found to be within the
limits. The collective analytical evidence confirmed that the test sample met the quality
specifications for 2-Deoxy-D-glucose.
[ 18F]Fluoro Analogue of D-Glucose: A Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Faheem Mohd , Pandey Vaibhav , Dixit Manish
Published: November 2024

2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is a versatile molecule in nuclear
medicine that has evolved into a vital radiotracer in medical imaging applications via
positron emission tomography (PET) [18F]FDG is derived from its derivative, 2-deoxyD-glucose (2-DG), where the triflate group is attached to carbon-2 [18F]FDG serves as a
crucial non-invasive diagnostic tool and is prominently utilized in non-invasive
imaging of various metastatic diseases, particularly cancer imaging. Its importance as a
tracer has been further enhanced by its unexpected attribute of generating a low body
background through excretion, leading to its effective application in PET/CT for
highly-sensitive and specific tumor detection. This chapter provides insight into the
synthesis of [18F]FDG, employing various reaction protocols such as electrophilic and
nucleophilic processes. This chapter also summarized the purification and their quality
assurance methods and highlighted the distinct challenges associated with each. The
nucleophilic technique produces [18F]FDG with a higher yield and purity than the
electrophilic method for routine manufacture. Commercially devoted automated
modules for FDG production use this method, demonstrating its widespread use in
clinical imaging. Nucleophilic reactions of [18F]fluoride ions attacking the C-2 position
of mannose triflate to produce FDG are routine in clinical imaging. The final [18F]FDG
product satisfies safety, purity, and efficacy standards through rigorous quality control
and assurance. The trajectory from glucose discovery to the development of [18F]FDG
exemplifies the continuing advancement of medical imaging methods. FDG's
accomplishment shows how biology, chemistry, and medical technology are
interrelated, providing a better understanding and treatment of complicated diseases
like cancer.
Dual Role of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Seizure Modulation
Authors: Prakash Shaurya , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Antresh
Published: November 2024

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a glucose analog that inhibits glycolysis.
Conflicting evidence exists regarding the effects of 2-DG on seizure activity. The
effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on seizures and epileptogenesis have been a
subject of interest in the field of neuroscience and epilepsy research. In the 6-Hz
seizure threshold test, 2-DG significantly increased the seizure threshold, indicating
anticonvulsant properties. However, in other models, such as the mouse electroshock
seizure threshold test, intravenous pentylenetetrazol test, and intravenous kainic acid
test, 2-DG decreased the seizure threshold and exhibited proconvulsant effects.
Similarly, the related compound 3-methylglucose reduced seizure threshold when
administered intravenously with pentylenetetrazol. In contrast, 2-DG administered
chronically retarded the progression of kindled seizures in rats, suggesting antiepileptic
effects. The anticonvulsant actions of 2-DG may be mediated through the inhibition of
glycolysis and diversion of glucose metabolism towards the pentose phosphate
pathway. Meanwhile, its acute proconvulsant effects are likely due to reduced glucose
uptake. In summary, 2-DG displays both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions on
seizures, which depend on the model system and mechanisms involved, including
glycolytic inhibition and decreased glucose uptake. Further study is needed to fully
elucidate the contradictory effects of 2-DG on seizure activity in different experimental
models.
Lipinski’s Rule of Five
Authors: Singh Raman , Singh Kuldeep
Published: November 2024

Christopher A. Lipinski formulated a rule based on his observation that most
drugs administered orally are relatively small and moderately lipophilic molecules.
This rule serves as a guideline to determine whether a molecule with specific
pharmacological or biological activity possesses properties that would make it a viable
orally active drug in humans. Lipinski's Rule of Five functions as a powerful screening
tool in the initial phases of drug discovery, enabling researchers to pick molecules with
ideal attributes for subsequent development and testing.
Exploring the Fundamental Aspects of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: A. Singh , Gulfisha Shaikh , A. Koshta , Mane Sheetal
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary technology with transformative
potential, notably in the pharmaceutical sector. This abstract provides a comprehensive
overview of AI's applications in pharmaceuticals, encompassing drug discovery,
development, manufacturing, and healthcare. In drug discovery and development, AI
expedites candidate identification and enhances safety and efficacy profiling through
advanced data analysis, covering genomics, chemical structure, and clinical data. AI
enables drug repurposing by unveiling hidden therapeutic connections in existing
medications, reducing costs and timelines, and addressing unmet medical needs.
Personalized Medicine is another AI-driven frontier, customizing treatment plans based
on patient-specific data like genomics and medical history, enhancing treatment
effectiveness. In Clinical Trial Optimization, AI streamlines trial design, patient
recruitment, and monitoring speeding approval and reducing costs. AI automates drug
manufacturing and quality control, ensuring high-quality products and preventing
defects. AI aids in regulatory compliance through real-time monitoring and reporting.
Ethical and legal considerations include data privacy and bias mitigation, demanding
meticulous attention. Data Security is essential, considering sensitive patient data.
Robust cybersecurity safeguards data integrity. In conclusion, AI promises to
revolutionize the pharmaceutical sector, accelerating drug discovery, improving patient
care, and enhancing manufacturing. However, successful implementation hinges on
addressing ethical, legal, and security considerations, fostering collaboration among
stakeholders and balancing innovation with responsibility. AI helps in enhancing
productivity as well as increases the quality control of the products. In pharmaceuticals,
AI also may increase the efficacy of the drug discovery process. It reduces the time of
the drug discovery journey along with enhanced efficacy and efficiency of the
developed products.
Prospects for the Future: Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Technology
Authors: Admane Pravin S. , Patil Vikas S. , Vinchurkar Kuldeep
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence is one of the emerging technologies being utilized in
various areas in the pharmaceutical sector to optimize different process parameters,
which leads to the development of novel drug delivery systems very efficiently.
Astonishing evolution in AI technology and machine learning brings out
transformational productivity in the formulation, drug discovery, and testing of
pharmaceutical dosage forms. Artificial intelligence utilizes various computational
tools and engineering technologies to fabricate varying dosage forms with high
therapeutic efficacy and precision. AI algorithms efficiently analyze substantial
biological data of proteomics and genomics, which allow researchers to find out the
target site and also to predict the interactions with potential drug molecules. This
phenomenon permits a targeted approach to drug discovery thereby enhancing the
probability of effective drug approvals. Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows the
development of intelligent modeling, resolving issues, and decision-making to create
efficient data handling. Artificial intelligence plays a very crucial role in various
pharmaceutical sectors including drug discovery, formulation and development of
novel dosage forms, development of new analytical techniques, development of design
of experiments, sales and marketing, quality assurance, clinical trials, hospital
pharmacy, etc. Various AI-based tools like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are successfully utilized in the field of drug
discovery and newer drug delivery systems. Several drug discoveries are being made in
pharmaceutical fields using AI technology in combination with quantitative structureproperty relationship (QSPR) or quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR),
which support evidence-based accurate and precise results. Additionally, de-novo
design is employed to invent significant new drug molecules with the desired quality.
AI algorithms are helpful in experimental design, which can accurately determine the
pharmacokinetic parameters and toxic effect of drug molecules. They also allow the
identification of impurities and the optimization of their concentration in the product to
formulate an effective dosage form. AI-based technology can be applied to optimize
the drug excipient ratio in the formulation of a new modified drug delivery system including sustained, delayed, or immediate release formulation. Formulation of
personalized medications as per patient’s need is one of the novel approaches that can
be possible by the utilization of AI tools, leading to more precise rational treatment and
improved patient compliance. The content incorporated further highlights more
detailed information on AI tools and their wide applications in various pharmaceutical
departments including drug discovery, process optimization, designing novel delivery
systems, testing, pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) studies, etc.
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Trials: The Present Scenario and Future Prospects
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Pathak Leena , Doke Rohit , Mane Sheetal
Published: November 2024

The completion of clinical trials represents a critical phase of 10 to 15 years,
with 1.5–2.0 billion USD spent during the drug development cycle. This stage not only
consumes significant financial resources but also carries the weight of substantial
preclinical development costs. The failure of a clinical trial results in a staggering loss
ranging from 800 million to 1.4 billion USD, underscoring the high stakes involved in
drug development. Two primary contributors to the elevated trial failure rates are
suboptimal patient cohort selection and recruiting methods, along with challenges in
effectively monitoring patients throughout trials. Remarkably, only one out of every ten
compounds entering a clinical trial successfully makes it on the market. AI holds the
promise to revolutionize key aspects of clinical trial design, ultimately leading to a
substantial increase in trial success rates. By leveraging AI, improvements can be made
in patient cohort selection, refining recruitment techniques, and enhancing real-time
monitoring during trials. The integration of AI in these pivotal stages of clinical trials
offers a pathway to mitigate the financial risks associated with trial failure, fostering a
more efficient and effective drug development process. This book chapter delves into
the application of AI techniques, including DL, NLP, DeepQA technology, DRL, HMI,
and other advanced methodologies in the context of clinical trials. This abstract
provides an overview of how AI interventions can reshape the landscape of clinical
trials, offering a glimpse into the present scenario and prospects at the intersection of
artificial intelligence and drug development.
Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Eshima Hiroaki
Published: November 2024

Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes cause disruption of systemic
energy metabolism and are major public health problems, with at least 2 billion people
affected worldwide. Skeletal muscle tissue makes a substantial contribution to
promoting energy efficiency because it remodels cellular size, composition, and
function in response to various nutritional changes. However, metabolic diseases such
as impaired insulin sensitivity can dynamically affect the metabolism of skeletal
muscle. A deeper understanding of myopathology in metabolic disorders may provide
clues for therapeutic strategies to promote skeletal muscle health and improve the
overall quality of life. This chapter presents how metabolic diseases via cellular
mechanisms affect muscle cells and muscle tissue, especially glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle.
The Role of Skeletal Muscles in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Miura Ikuru
Published: November 2024

Skeletal muscles and the liver share functions as metabolic organs, and there
are known crosstalk in their pathophysiology. In today's world, where obesity is
rampant, many people suffer from metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity,
posing a global health issue. This chapter summarizes the latest findings on the
crosstalk between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
and skeletal muscles, which starts and progresses in association with obesity and its
associated systemic metabolic abnormalities.
Joke or threat? Competing genre uptakes in a Danish court case
Authors: Bojsen-Møller Marie
Published: November 2024

This article examines a Danish criminal case concerning a high school stu-dent who posted a picture on Instagram with the caption ‘I’ll be the nextschool shooter guys, lmao, watch out’ (Danish: jeg bliver den næste schoolshooter guys, lmao, watch out). Reactions to – or uptakes on (Freadman,1994, 2002) – the Instagram post were split between two types; some tookit as a threat and some took it as a joke. Building on theory on threaten-ing communications (e.g. Bojsen-Møller, Auken, Devitt, & Christensen, 2020;Fraser, 1998; Gales, 2019; Solan & Tiersma, 2005), on humor (Billig, 2005;Norrick, 2010; Tsakona, 2017) and on genre theory (Devitt, 2009; Freadman,2012, 2020; Miller, 1984), this article studies the diverging uptakes as they arepresented within the court case through examination of both transcripts ofaudio recordings from the court room and court documents. The findings ofthis study show that while linguistic interpretation is mostly limited to thenetcronym ‘lmao’, other non-linguistic behaviors are often used as justifica-tion for a particular interpretation of the linguistic behavior. Not only theprosecuted utterance itself, but also the utterances’ uptakes, i.e. an essen-tial aspect of its context, have a bearing on the outcome of the case and theassessment of the defendant’s intent. As such, this study offers importantinsight into an area that Gales (2019) argues is in need of further interdisci-plinary research, namely how contextual features can influence the outcomeof criminal cases concerning disputed threats.
Disguise and imitation of language style in WhatsApp messages
Authors: Boer Meike M. de , Blackwell Susan A. , Houwen Fleur van der
Published: November 2024

The deliberate manipulation of evidence is routinely considered in mostbranches of forensic science, but in the field of forensic authorship analy-sis it is a relatively new concern. This paper reports the findings from anexperiment which explored what happens when authors are asked to manip-ulate their language style. We asked 120 Dutch students to write WhatsAppmessages in their normal style and in two manipulated conditions: disguiseand imitation. Results show that authors are able to introduce major changesin their language use, which are most substantial when they have access tomessages written by the person they are trying to impersonate. These find-ings imply that the possibility of disguise and imitation should be consideredwhen conducting forensic authorship analysis, especially when more thanone candidate for authorship could have had access to the same device oraccount.
Jack Unterweger - an authorship analysis of the notorious killer's autobiography Fegefeuer oder die Reise ins Zuchthaus
Authors: Marko Karoline , Locker Alesia
Published: November 2024

Jack Unterweger, a notorious killer and celebrated author, was a highly skilledmanipulator and was found more than once to have plagiarized poems andshort stories (Herwig, 2022; Leake, 2010). Praised for his work as an au-thor, and particularly for his autobiography “Fegefeuer oder die Reise insZuchthaus”, Unterweger was released from prison in 1990. Almost 40 yearsafter the publication of his autobiography, rumors have begun circulatingthat Unterweger might not have written his autobiography by himself andthat Sonja von Eisenstein, one of Unterweger’s benefactors and supporters,might have been involved in the writing of it (Herwig, 2022). Thus, basedon a corpus of nine books by Unterweger and von Eisenstein, this study setsout to investigate whether these rumors are potentially true. The analysis iscarried out with the help of a combination of quantitative (HCA, PCA) andqualitative (stylistic) methods. The analysis shows that Unterweger’s writingstyle is similar to that of his supposed autobiography, but that another indi-vidual’s writing style is also present.
Virtual Reality Simulation in Undergraduate Health Care Education Programs: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mørk Gry , Bonsaksen Tore , Larsen Ole Sønnik , Kunnikoff Hans Martin , Lie Silje Stangeland
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used in higher education for clinical skills training and role-playing among health care students. Using 360° videos in VR headsets, followed by peer debrief and group discussions, may strengthen students’ social and emotional learning.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore student-perceived usability of VR simulation in three health care education programs in Norway.

METHODS

Students from one university participated in a VR simulation program. Of these, students in social education (n=74), nursing (n=45), and occupational therapy (n=27) completed a questionnaire asking about their perceptions of the usability of the VR simulation and the related learning activities. Differences between groups of students were examined with Pearson chi-square tests and with 1-way ANOVA. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data from open-ended questions.

RESULTS

The nursing students were most satisfied with the usability of the VR simulation, while the occupational therapy students were least satisfied. The nursing students had more often prior experience from using VR technology (60%), while occupational therapy students less often had prior experience (37%). Nevertheless, high mean scores indicated that the students experienced the VR simulation and the related learning activities as very useful. The results also showed that by using realistic scenarios in VR simulation, health care students can be prepared for complex clinical situations in a safe environment. Also, group debriefing sessions are a vital part of the learning process that enhance active involvement with peers.

CONCLUSIONS

VR simulation has promise and potential as a pedagogical tool in health care education, especially for training soft skills relevant for clinical practice, such as communication, decision-making, time management, and critical thinking.

CLINICALTRIAL
Efficacy of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training on glycemic control in people with prediabetes: a study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot-trial (Preprint)
Authors: Shojaa Mahdieh , Knaub Katharina , Schmitz Norbert , Nieß Andreas Michael , Munz Barbara , Rau Sarah , Feit Viktoria , Mphepo Wallen , Dingler Rahel , Kemmler Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetes prevention programs focus on people with prediabetes because they have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than people with normal blood glucose levels. Weight management can reduce this risk. However, in our largely sedentary society, there is less enthusiasm for regular exercise. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a training technology that provides exercise-like effects by inducing muscle contractions using electrical currents. There is evidence that local EMS can improve glucose metabolism. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of WB-EMS on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in individuals with prediabetes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this randomized controlled trial is to pilot procedures for a randomized controlled trial testing WB-EMS training on glycemic changes in sedentary adults with prediabetes.

METHODS

Sixty community-dwelling sedentary adults aged 40-65 years with prediabetes will be randomized to one of three arms: WB-EMS + an activity tracker and a lifestyle education program (LEP) focusing on diabetes prevention, an activity tracker and LEP, or LEP only, with 20 subjects in each arm. The WB-EMS training will consist of 1.5×20 min per week. The intervention will last 16 weeks. As a pilot study, our main outcomes concern the number of participants who will be recruited, comply with intervention, and follow up. The primary efficacy outcome of interest includes HbA1c. The intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted with the objective of providing confidence interval estimation of treatment effects.

RESULTS

The recruitment of study participants started in February 2024. At the time of submission of this protocol for publication, the recruitment was still ongoing. So far, 42 participants were allocated to the study groups. The anticipated date of recruitment completion is April 2025

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this trial will provide valuable evidence for future investigations comparing the efficacy of the WB-EMS intervention with traditional exercise training to improve glycemic control in this population.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT06188481, registered December 7, 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06188481
Internet-based algorithm-guided insulin titration system improves glycemia in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (Preprint)
Authors: Thiagarajan Nishanth , Tan Hong Chang , Rama Chandran Suresh , Lee Phong Ching , Chin Yun Ann , Zeng Wanling , Ho Emily Tse Lin , Carmody David , Goh Su-Yen , Bee Yong Mong
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using online diabetes management platforms has shown promise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the effect of the ALRT Telehealth Solution, an FDA-cleared online platform incorporating SMBG with algorithm-guided insulin titration recommendations, on the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in insulin-treated T2D.

METHODS

Adults with T2D on twice-daily premixed insulin, HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and <10% (86 mmol/mol), and BMI ≤40 kg/m² were enrolled. They measured blood glucose twice-daily and uploaded glucometer data weekly using the ALRT mobile-phone application, which then alerted physicians with algorithm-guided insulin titration recommendations. These were communicated back to participants via the app weekly. HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured at baseline, weeks 12 and 24.

RESULTS

We enrolled 25 adults (44.0% female, 52.0% Chinese), mean age 58.9 years. Adherence to twice-daily SMBG regimen was 97.4%. Over 24 weeks, mean total daily insulin dose increased from 0.73 to 0.79 units/kg/day. This led to a significant reduction in HbA1c from an average of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) to 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) and FPG from an average of 8.7 to 7.1 mmol/L (both p<0.01). Most hypoglycemia events were mild (88.5%) (3.0-3.9 mmol/L), and the prevalence of hypoglycemia (<4.0 mmol/L) at 48.0% was similar to the self-reported baseline of 44.9%. There were more hypoglycemia episodes during the final 12 weeks of the study (72) than the first 12 weeks (25).

CONCLUSIONS

An internet-based glucose monitoring system with structured SMBG and algorithm-guided insulin titrations significantly improved glycemia in individuals with insulin-treated T2D without increasing hypoglycemia.
MEGALOBLASTIC CRISIS IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE–A RARE PHENOMENA WITH AVAILABLE REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: DASH MONICA , KUMARI PRIYA , MOHINDRU DIVYA , MISHRA PRAGNYA P.
Published: November 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease where some red blood cells are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. This condition affects the blood and various organs of the body. These sickle cells also become rigid and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow, resulting in episodes of sickness that produce pain and other crisis. There are different types of crisis. SCD with a megaloblastic crisis is rare. The frequency of the carrier state determines the prevalence of sickle cell anemia. Here we describe a 20 y old female patient with sickle cell disease who experienced a megaloblastic crisis.
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF TRANSCUTANEOUS VERSUS SERUM BILIRUBIN MEASUREMENTS IN MANAGING NEONATAL JAUNDICE IN PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: MANTHALE AISHWARAYA , KAMATH RASHMI , DESAI TRIVENI , SHIRSHETTY ARUNKUMAR
Published: November 2024

Objective: Managing neonatal jaundice effectively in preterm infants is crucial due to their increased vulnerability to bilirubin-induced neurological disorders. This study evaluates the efficacy of transcutaneous (TcB) versus serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements in this context.
Methods: A total of 100 preterm neonates undergoing treatment for jaundice were assessed using both TcB and TSB measurements before, during, and after phototherapy. The study conducted paired t-tests and correlation analyses to evaluate the agreement between these two methods.
Results: Before phototherapy, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.8319) between TcB and TSB, with a statistically significant mean difference (p = 0.0001). During phototherapy, TcB measurements were consistently lower than TSB, indicating significant discrepancies. The differences highlighted the influence of clinical interventions like phototherapy on the accuracy of TcB readings.
Conclusion: The study validates transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) as a non-invasive, effective alternative for jaundice monitoring in preterm infants. Despite some discrepancies with traditional serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements during phototherapy, the integration of TcB can decrease the reliance on invasive procedures. This research supports the potential of TcB to replace serum assessments, promoting a less stressful clinical experience for neonates while maintaining accuracy in therapeutic decisions. Future advancements are encouraged to enhance TcB measurement techniques to align more closely with serum bilirubin levels.