bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktualność przesłania Listu do rodzin Jana Pawła II w kontekście ogólnopolskiej peregrynacji relikwii bł. Rodziny Ulmów na przykładzie archidiecezji poznańskiej
Authors: Żelisławski Jurand
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest List do rodzin Gratissimam sane Jana Pawła II oraz dokumenty dotyczące peregrynacji relikwii bł. Rodziny Ulmów w archidiecezji poznańskiej. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie aktualności przesłania wspomnianego listu papieża Polaka na podstawie peregrynacji relikwii „Samarytan z Markowej” w archidiecezji poznańskiej. Wykorzystano metodę analizy porównawczej wyżej wymienionych materiałów. Wniosek wypływający z pracy wskazuje, że inicjatywa ogólnopolskiej peregrynacji relikwii bł. Ulmów wpisuje się w myśl Jana Pawła II, że „rodzina jest drogą Kościoła”. Wydarzenie wskazuje na aktualność przesłania tego dokumentu w kontekście modlitwy rodzin i za rodziny oraz świadectwa rodzin i dla rodzin.
The epigenetic mechanisms of adaption to the hot and humid climate in Hu sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Ren Hangxing , Jiang Jing , Li Jie , Sun Xiaoyan , Chen Cancan , Liu Liangjia , Lv Shipeng , Qu Minghao , Fan Yuxue , Zhou Peng , Wang Gaofu
Published: December 2024

Hu sheep is characterized by its excellent fecundity and high adaptability to various ecological environments. To reveal the molecular basis involved in Hu sheep, we first examined the 10 index of neuroendocrine and metabolism in blood in Hu sheep during non‐stress period (April–May) and stress period (July–August) using ELISA, including CRH, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, T3,T4, SOD, GSH‐PX, and T‐AOC. Then we conducted the Whole genome DNA methylation sequencing in blood and performed the comparative analysis of global DNA methylation between the non‐stress period and the stress period. Our results demonstrated that among the 10 index tested in blood, only ACTH, T3, and T‐AOC were significantly changed (p < 0.01) in Hu sheep between two periods. This indicates Hu sheep's special adaptability to the high hygrothermal environment takes the decrease of metabolic level and total antioxidant capacity as compensation, which differ obviously from other intolerant hygrothermal animals. At the epigenetic level, differential methylation of TPO, ADCY9, PRKACB, and CREB5 play important roles in excellent resistance to hygrothermel environment in Hu sheep by modulation of the secretion of in neuroendocrine hormones (T3, ACTH) and thermogenesis. These findings are valuable for breeding the novel animal breeds resistant to climate stress.
Serum proteome profiling of plateau acclimatization in men using Olink proteomics approach
Authors: Pan Jingyu , Dong Yue , Zou Zhihao , Gu Tianyan , Chen Ling , Li Kai , Wang Li , Shi Qinghai
Published: December 2024

Plateau acclimatization involves adaptive changes in the body's neurohumoral regulation and metabolic processes due to hypoxic conditions at high altitudes. This study utilizes Olink targeted proteomics to analyze serum protein expression differences in Han Chinese individuals acclimatized for 6 months–1 year at 4500 and 5300 m altitudes, compared to those residing at sea level. The objective is to elucidate the proteins' roles in tissue and cellular adaptation to hypoxia. We identified 54 metabolism‐related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the serum of the high‐altitude group versus the sea‐level group, comprising 20 significantly upregulated and 34 downregulated proteins. Notably, 2 proteins were upregulated and 11 downregulated at both 4500 and 5300 m altitudes. The top three protein correlations among DEPs included CRKL with CA13, RNASE3 with NADK, and NADK with APEX1, alongside APLP1 with CTSH, CTSH with SOST, and CTSH with NT‐proBNP in inverse correlations. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated significant DEP involvement in various metabolic pathways, particularly those associated with hypoxic cellular metabolism like glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the HIF‐1 signaling pathway. Correlation with clinical phenotypes showed positive associations of SOST, RNASE3, CA13, NADK, and CRKL with SaO2 and negative correlations with Hemoglobin and Hematocrit; ALDH1A1 positively correlated with Triglyceride; and SDC4 inversely correlated with Uric acid levels. This study provides insights into specific DEPs linked to metabolic adaptations in high‐altitude acclimatized individuals, offering a foundation for understanding acclimatization mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
A Divided Army: The First Six Months of Building the Latvian Armed Forces (November 1918 to April 1919)
Authors: Šiliņš Jānis
Published: December 2024

When the People’s Council of Latvia gathered in Riga on 18 November 1918 to proclaim Latvia’s independence, the Latvian Provisional Government did not yet have an army capable of defending it, and the entire territory claimed for the future Latvia was still under the control of German troops. In late 1918 and early 1919, the subsequent building up of the first army formations of the Republic of Latvia took place under extremely challenging circumstances. The government lacked financial resources, weapons, equipment and ammunition, while the Red Army advanced rapidly from the east. Initially, the armed forces were formed based on a compromise reached with Germany and according to the principle of ethnic division. After the loss of Rīga and the withdrawal to Liepāja in January 1919, a new line of division emerged: Latvian military units loyal to the Provisional Government were simultaneously formed in two distant regions, in the Liepāja area and in Estonia. The article aims to analyse the impact of both these factors on the development of the Latvian armed forces and the course of the Latvian War of Independence.
The Intensity of Combat in the Lithuanian War of Independence in 1919 and 1920
Authors: Jokubauskas Vytautas , Sereičikas Mindaugas
Published: December 2024

The war which covered the future territory of Lithuania in 1919 and 1920 after the end of the First World War has already been described several times by historians. The army loyal to the Lithuanian government in Kaunas took part in military action against three enemies: the Red Army, the Polish army and the West Russian Volunteer Army (a military formation of the Bermontians). When considering parallels, continuity and differences between the First World War and the three conflicts in Lithuania known as ‘the War of Independence’, historians have pointed out a crucial difference: the relatively small Lithuanian army was engaged in low-intensity military action. However, the question of the intensity of the combat has not specifically been addressed in research so far. This paper offers a
new approach to analysing the intensity of the two-year war. For the first time, the authors have juxtaposed three data sets: analysing the number of days of combat, assessing the frequency and impact of the use of heavy weapons (artillery and/or aviation), and comparing it with data on the losses of the Lithuanian army’s manpower.
Vokietijos karinių pajėgų vadovybės vaizdinys apie Lietuvos kariuomenę 1919–1920 metais | The Image of the Lithuanian Army in the German Military Command, 1919–1920
Authors: Vitkus Hektoras
Published: December 2024

In the western borderlands of the former Russian Empire, which the German army had taken over at the beginning of the First World War (1915), the state institutions of the newly declared independent Lithuania began to emerge in 1918. One of them was the Lithuanian army, established at the very end of the year, which lacked everything at the time, but which was to engage the approaching Bolshevik Red Army as early as January 1919. In the first years, as the Lithuanian army was being built up, it interacted with German troops, some of whom were units retreating from the Eastern Front, and others were newly formed from volunteers who were recruited in Germany to fight against Bolshevism in the east. As the political order in Europe was changing in a way that was very unfavourable to Germany, all hopes that the Germans would be able to maintain their control in the east collapsed. The article examines how under these circumstances the German military leadership’s attitude towards the evolving Lithuanian army changed during the period of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. Drawing on material in the Political Archives of the German Foreign Ministry and the German Military Archives, the article shows the different impact that two factors, the assessment of the capabilities of the Lithuanian army and the political attitudes of the Germans, had on the image of the Lithuanian armed forces.
Reinventar um modelo: aprendamos com as lições do passado
Authors: Chaumier Serge
Published: December 2024

Reinventar um modelo: aprendamos com as lições do passado
CHÃO DE DEUS
Authors: Pereira Neto Francisco
Published: December 2024

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POR UMA ETNOGRAFIA DA RECEPÇÃO
Authors: Braga Geslline Giovana
Published: December 2024

O documentário “Instalações – Rituais”, realizado em 2010, mostra benzedeiras e a devoção ao santo não-canônico São João Maria em 12 cidades do Sul do Paraná e Norte Santa Catarina, conhecida como Região do Contestado. O filme foi exibido em várias cidades e para diferentes públicos: entre benzedeiras e consulentes, em universidades para antropólogos e estudantes, para artistas, educadores e público em geral, em congressos de Antropologia, como a IX RAM e 28ª RBA (indicado ao Prêmio Pierre Verger) e em festivais nacionais, como a Mostra Internacional do Filme Etnográfico do Rio de Janeiro (2011) e o Festival do Filme Etnográfico de Recife (2011). As exibições foram acompanhadas de debates, nos quais os receptores puderam expor suas compreensões sobre o filme. Diante de tais experiências foi possível perceber que a pesquisa não se encerrava em seu objetivo, o que trouxe novas contribuições. Com isto, os expectadores deixavam de ser meros receptores e protagonizam o papel de mediadores. O presente artigo pretende fazer uma “uma etnografia da recepção” e ao mesmo tempo ultrapassar a noção do receptor como passivo, a partir dos conceitos de “mediação” de Gilberto Velho e “mediações” de Jesús Martín-Barbero.
SERRA DOS TAPES: espaço, sociedade e natureza
Authors: Salamoni Giancarla , Waskievicz Carmen Aparecida
Published: December 2024

A reflexão proposta neste artigo trata de compreender os processos geo-históricos presentes na organização espacial desta porção do estado do Rio Grande do Sul denominada Serra dos Tapes, mostrando as articulações entre as diversas dimensões na tessitura do espaço, que enreda sociedade e natureza. A geografia aqui é entendida como resultado das interações dos grupos sociais com o meio físico-natural na construção de bases para o povoamento e, fundamentalmente, voltada para a identificação dos elementos que compõem o surgimento de comunidades territoriais particulares, como é o caso da região colonial serrana dos municípios de Canguçu, Pelotas e São Lourenço do Sul.
O ENCONTRO ENTRE O TRADICIONAL E O NOVO: AUTENTICIDADE E RESTAURANTES NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Collaço Janine Helfst
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre o papel da tradição e da autenticidade na culinária e nos restaurantes italianos em São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados durante minha pesquisa anterior (2006-2009), quando o foco era a ideia de cuisine como um sistema e processo onde o funcionamento prático expõe relações sociais e, assim, trabalhei a identidade. A etnografia abre muitas possibilidades de pensar sobre o papel da cozinha e da comida sobre a adaptação cultural e em particular os imigrantes italianos em um novo contexto: urbano, estranho e enorme. Para isso, o caminho adotado foi entrar no processo da cuisine através das memórias dos proprietários desses restaurantes, os quais foram selecionados por meio de um critério especial – ter mais de cinquenta anos de existência e esta trajetória estar dividida em três principais partes: o primeiro período de imigração em torno da primeira década do século XX, os anos 1950 e 1960 para entrar em um novo ritmo urbano e os anos de globalização, especialmente os anos 1990, quando a cidade passou a ser chamada de “Capital Mundial da Gastronomia”. Adotando esse critério nós poderíamos discutir os arranjos entre autenticidade, tradição e nacionalidade. As considerações finais mostram que essas ideias fazem parte do imaginário urbano seguidos pelas ideias de progresso e trabalho que marcaram a trajetória italiana em São Paulo.
EL VÍNCULO INDIVIDUO-COLECTIVO EN EL SISTEMA DE CARGOS EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL DEL SUR DE TLAXCALA, MÉXICO
Authors: Salas Quintanal Hernán , González de la Fuente Iñigo
Published: December 2024

El presente texto contiene las reflexiones que, sobre el estudio de las formas de organización comunitaria en varias localidades de un municipio mexicano, los autores han tenido después de varias temporadas de campo periódicas entre los años 2008 y 2012. Se plantea una propuesta de análisis antropológico del sistema de cargos que incluye tanto a comunidades indígenas como no-indígenas. Partiendo del reconocimiento del sistema de cargos como una institución esencialmente heterogénea, se sugiere que, como hipótesis principal, tal institución alimenta una serie de mecanismos que, en sí mismos, potencian los escenarios de interacciones que protagonizan los miembros de la comunidad a través de un conjunto de roles de la siguiente manera: fomentan que los escenarios puedan ser protagonizados por el mayor número de miembros; propician que tales escenarios se articulen con la mayor frecuencia posible; todo ello con el acuerdo tácito entre protagonistas de que exista rotación de roles entre escenario y escenario. Con el objetivo de facilitar el análisis, tales mecanismos son categorizados en cuatro grandes dimensiones: política-judicial, económica, religiosa y social. A modo de reflexión final, los autores proponen la idea del “proyecto comunitario” como denominador común de lo observado y leído en cuanto a sistemas de cargos se refiere.
APRESENTAÇÂO
Authors: Ribeiro Loredana , Pereira Neto Francisco , Tempass Mártin César
Published: December 2024

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SPAIN: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGE
Authors:   IMEMO, Ponedelko Galina
Published: December 2024

The article considers the problems of today’s demographic crisis in Spain and its negative consequences for the future sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Predicted for 2050 the shifts in the age structure of the population and a reduction in it the share of the most working-age group (from 16 to 45 years) with a simultaneous sharp increase (up to 30%) in the oldest age group of the population (over 65 years) will lead to further depopulation of a significant part of the country’s territory, a reduction in the number and the share of the employed population, an increase in the burden on the pension and health care systems and a weakening of the potential of the welfare state. The response to these very negative consequences of the demographic challenge should be the most decisive actions of the Spanish government, the main one of which is the reform of the education system, aimed at improving of the quality of human capital and the level of professionalization of the country’s population.
THE NORTH–SOUTH TRANSPORT CORRIDOR PROJECT IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF BELARUS
Authors:   IMEMO, Prikhodko Alexander
Published: December 2024

The foreign trade relations of the Republic of Belarus have been developing in crisis conditions over the past four years. They are limited by the sanctions of the Euro-Atlantic bloc countries. Unfavorable external conditions forced the leadership of Belarus to look for alternative markets and routes for the sale of its goods, which led to increased discussions and diplomatic efforts around the North–South international transport corridor project, which has not been fully implemented by the participating countries for almost a quarter of a century. The article examines the current state of the North–South corridor and the main problems of this route along each of the three branches. The text also analyzes the main preconditions for Minsk’s increased interest in the North–South corridor, assesses the current state of the republic’s trade relations with counterparty countries along this transport corridor, and assesses Belarus’ readiness to really increase its efforts to build the potential of the route. The author concludes that Minsk should not be expected to make significant efforts within the framework of the project due to the fact that: a) the dynamics and volumes of Belarusian supplies in monetary and physical terms to the countries of the «far arc» are unstable and still fairly modest in the total volume of exports of the republic; b) significant additional growth in both the volume and range of Belarusian goods to countries along the North–South corridor is not expected in the foreseeable future, as the thesis of Minsk reaching the limits of the «export maneuver» seems increasingly convincing. Belarus is ready to take advantage of the capacity and simplification of the logistics of the corridor, but is unlikely to agree to actions that require costs on its part, due to the lack of a legitimate economic interest
Izdanja glagoljskih misala u Vatikanu u 17. i 18. stoljeću
Authors: Jordan Ivan
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The aim of this paper is to explore the history and the historical circumstances surrounding the creation of three Glagolitic missals published in the Vatican during the 17th and 18th centuries, at the time of the post-Tridentine liturgical reform. It seeks to examine the circumstances preceding their publication and the process of publishing each missal.
Approach/Methodology. The research employs a multidimensional approach, situating the published missals and their authors in historical and biographical contexts. This enables a comprehensive synthetic understanding of the origin, evolution, and significance of the Glagolitic missals that are the focus of this study.
Findings. The study highlights the philological, liturgical, and aesthetic efforts invested in translating and publishing post-Tridentine liturgical texts. It further identifies the decline of the Croatian recension of the Church Slavonic language and indicates the political and ecumenical reasons for the Russification of the linguistic recension in these missals. Despite the hard work that was invested, the missals were not widely embraced by the Glagolitic clergy due to the influence of Russification, even though they were crucial for ecclesiastical, political and linguistic studies and stand as enduring examples of Croatian Glagolitic heritage.
Social implications. The Glagolitic missals analyzed in the paper represent important historical and cultural heritage, illustrating the efforts of the local clergy to preserve and simultaneously adapt their liturgical books to the universal norms of the Church despite political and social challenges. Additionally, they provide valuable insights into the evolution of church and language policies, which could be useful for further research on the evolution of linguistics and liturgical practices. The missals reflect a period in which the Croatian recension of the Church Slavonic language began to decline due to a shift to the Russian recension under ecumenical and political influences.
Originality/Value. The study focuses on a broader historical context that influenced the publication of the missals, which was not a subject of interest in previous research. It provides insight into church-political efforts and standardization processes within the Catholic Church through the prism of liturgical and language policies that had long-term consequences on cultural heritage. Furthermore, it offers a critical reflection on the tensions between local linguistic specifics and universal church standards, which remains relevant even in modern times.
Refractura de la tuberosidad tibial anterior en un adolescente luego del tratamiento quirúrgico. Presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Jiménez Nava Cristina , Mena Roson Araceli , Plasencia Arriba Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2024

La refractura de la tuberosidad tibial anterior en adolescentes es una complicación infrecuente y poco descrita en la bibliografía, más aún tras un tratamiento quirúrgico. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente que sufrió una fractura de la tuberosidad tibial anterior y fue operado en nuestro centro. A los 4 meses, tuvo una recidiva después de practicar deportes. Fue sometido a una nueva intervención y los resultados han sido buenos. Aunque la refractura es una complicación rara, es importante tenerla en cuenta y saber abordarla de forma adecuada. Es necesario llevar a cabo más estudios para dilucidar los factores de riesgo que puedan influir en esta complicación.
Resultados del tratamiento artroscópico de lesiones Atzei 4 del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular mediante ligamentoplastia de Carratalá
Authors: Sala Juan Matías , Ledesma Aldo Daniel , Galván  Luis Eduardo , Silva Martínez Josué
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados de la reconstrucción del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular en las lesiones crónicas Atzei 4, mediante la ligamentoplastia de Carratalá con injerto de palmar menor.
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó, en forma retrospectiva, a 9 pacientes (6 hombres y 3 mujeres) con lesión del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular Atzei 4. Todas las lesiones se reconstruyeron con artroscopia mediante un injerto libre del palmar menor con fijación radial y cubital usando la técnica de Carratalá. Se analizaron los rangos de movilidad, la fuerza de agarre y se emplearon la escala MWS y el cuestionario DASH.
Resultados: Las pruebas de dolor y la fuerza mejoraron en los 9 pacientes, en un seguimiento promedio de 14 meses. Todos trabajaban. El rango de movilidad promedio fue de 80° de extensión, 80° de flexión y 160° de pronosupinación. El puntaje de la escala MWS fue excelente en el 78%, bueno en el 11% y malo en el 11%. El puntaje DASH promedio antes de la cirugía era de 61 y fue de 9 a los 14 meses de la intervención. El promedio de la fuerza comparativa contralateral fue del 85%.
Conclusiones: La reconstrucción artroscópica del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular en lesiones crónicas Atzei 4, mediante la ligamentoplastia de Carratalá para la estabilización radiocubital distal, es una variante artroscópica mínimamente invasiva, replicable con buenos resultados funcionales.
Split antecedents: A dependency grammar account in terms of predicate-valent structures
Authors: Osborne Timothy , Jiaxin Li
Published: December 2024

Plural pronouns can have split antecedents distributed in various positions. This article scrutinizes the distribution of plural pronouns taking split antecedents in English, relying heavily on informant judgments to determine acceptability. Two conditions on split antecedents are proposed. These conditions are expressed in terms of the valents of predicates in a dependency grammar (DG) framework of syntax. The DG approach proves to be effective in cases that challenge semantic predicate-argument approaches.
Screening for antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of marine fungi isolated from samples collected in Ly Son Island, Quang Ngai Province
Authors: Nguyen Mai Anh Nguyen Mai Anh , Vu Thi Thu Huyen , Cao Duc Tuan , Doan Thi Mai Huong , Pham Van Cuong , Le Thi Hong Minh
Published: December 2024

The ocean covers almost three-quarters of our planet’s surface. Marine fungi are fungi that live in marine habitats, most of them are microscopic, either microfungi or yeasts, but many marine species that inhabit the world’s oceans are not known yet. They are well recognized as a source of many novel compounds that possess valuable pharmacological properties. In the present study, we isolated and assessed the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of marine fungi isolated from samples collected in Ly Son Island. From 20 samples, a total of 44 marine fungi were isolated. As a result, 33/44 strains were resistant to at least 1 tested microorganisms. Among them, there were 2 isolates VM10 and VM25 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against five to six tested pathogenic ATCC strains with low MIC values. Moreover, 4/44 extracts (VM10, VM15, VM25, and VM39) showed remarkable cytotoxic effects against HepG2 human hepatoma, MCF-7 breast cancer, and A549 lung cancer cell lines with the recorded viability of tested cancer cells ranging more than 50%. The two candidate strains were subsequently identified as Aspergillus versicolor VM10, Metarhizium sp. VM25 by using 18S rRNA sequence analysis. The promising candidate isolates were analyzed in a phylogenetic tree based on MegaX software.
A Spatial Mathematical Model of the Dynamic Behavior of Modern Rolling Stock in High-Speed Traffic
Authors: Kuzyshyn A. Ya. , Kovalchuk V. V. , Sobolevska Yu. H.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The paper aims to develop a spatial mathematical model of the high-speed electric train EKr-1 “Tarpan” taking into account the design features of its first and second stages of spring suspension. Methodology. The design scheme of the electric train is taken as a set of 7 solids connected by ligaments of different rheology. Each of the bodies performs spatial oscillations. In this case, the wheel set is considered as a system with two degrees of freedom (lateral displacement and wagging). The angular and linear displacements of the bodies are considered as generalized coordinates. The resulting mechanical system has 26 degrees of freedom. The differential equations of motion are written using the d'Alembert principle. The kinematic perturbation of oscillations due to movement along unevennesses of the track in both vertical and horizontal directions is considered. The presence of elastic and dissipative viscosities is taken into account in the first and second stages of the spring suspension. The hypothesis of geometric linearity of deformations is accepted. The reactions acting in the longitudinal (in the wheel plane) and transverse directions are taken into account at the point of contact between the wheel and the rail. The longitudinal and transverse reactions are quantitatively described by the nonlinear creep hypothesis. The modeling of hydraulic vibration dampers takes into account their inclined location, which makes it possible to dampen vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions. Findings. The spatial design scheme of the studied object was chosen. The geometric dependences between the deformations of the ligaments and the generalized coordinates of the design scheme are obtained. The physical dependencies between the reactions of the ties and their deformations are described, taking into account the pneumatic spring suspension system. The differential equations of oscillations for each element of the design scheme are derived. Originality. For the first time, a spatial mathematical model of the dynamic behavior of high-speed railroad rolling stock was constructed, taking into account the peculiarities of the pneumatic spring suspension system, the location of the bindings, and the interaction of the wheelset with the rail track in the vertical and horizontal directions, both in straight and curved sections of the railroad track. Practical value. The development of such a model will make it possible to numerically study its dynamic and safety performance in high-speed traffic conditions at the design stage of high-speed railroad rolling stock and to establish the optimal parameters of the first and second stages of spring suspension, while setting various kinds of kinematic disturbances from the rail track.
Council of Ephesus of 431: Between “Apostatic Synedrion” and “Universal Council”
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University for the Humanities, Gratsianskiy Mikhail V.
Published: December 2024

The Council of Ephesus of 431 had, along with others, a very important consequence: this Council gave rise to the formation of the institution of the Ecumenical Council in the Roman Empire and the Christian Church. In the fourth and early-fifth century, the epithet “ecumenical” had from time to time been applied only to the Council of Nicaea of 325. Councils that followed, regardless of their significance and representativeness, did not claim the status of “ecumenical” and did not apply this epithet to themselves in order to emphasize the uniqueness and special status of the Council in Nicaea. The first conscious attempt to apply the epithet “ecumenical” to their Council and to equalize its status and significance with that of Nicaea was made by the bishops led by Cyril of Alexandria in Ephesus. This article presents an analysis of the acts of the Council of 431, the task of which is to identify the circumstances that prompted the supporters of Cyril of Alexandria to apply the epithet “ecumenical” to their Council and declare its equivalence to the Council of Nicaea of 325. It is shown that this was done in a situation of schism, when the adherents of John of Antioch opened their Council in Ephesus, refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the decisions of Cyril of Alexandria and his supporters regarding Nestorius of Constantinople and his doctrine. Both parties, who considered themselves the legitimate Council and called their opponents, among other things, the “apostatic synedrion,” condemned each other, and then appealed to the emperor. In this situation, the Council of Cyril of Alexandria needed to demonstrate that it was legitimate and its decisions were lawful. Taking advantage of the arrival of the Roman legates and their adherence to the decisions of the first conciliar session, Cyril’s supporters declared their Council the common Council of both East and West and, as a consequence, “ecumenical.” It was from the moment the Roman legates joined in the verdict against Nestorius that the Council of Cyril of Alexandria began to use the epithet “ecumenical” in its documents along with the epithets “holy and great.” As a consequence, the idea of the Ecumenical Council arose not as a one-time event, but as a special institution possessing the highest doctrinal and ecclesiastical-political authority, which was then finally approved at the Council of Ephesus in 449 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
Water Supply System in the Town atop of the Plateau of Eski-Kermen
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khairedinova Elzara A.
Published: December 2024

Archaeological researches at the plateau of Eski-Kermen and in its environs discovered the sites of the structures which provided water supply to the town. In order to deliver drinking water to the inhabitants of the castle, in the late-sixth century they carved stairs into the rock at the very edge of the eastern precipice of the plateau, down to a natural source of water, and built ceramic pipe for water flowing under gravity from natural springs in the upper reaches of the Bilderan ravine to the south-eastern foot of the plateau, where it was collected in a specially built water cistern. Thence the townspeople took water to the top of the plateau manually or with baggage-cattle, going by stairs intentionally carved in rock and leading to the eastern sally port. As for the household needs, the townsfolk used rainwater collected by a network of drain gutters and cisterns carved in rock of their households. Obviously, the Byzantine engineers who built the castle on the plateau provided it with water taking into account the rules commonly accepted in their period and described by Flavius Vegetius Renatus’ treatise on warfare ca 400 AD, which was also popular in the Middle Ages.
Eilif Thorgilsson and the Mercenary Wends in the Byzantine Army in the Second Half of the 1020s
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Karashayski Kemran M.
Published: December 2024

This article attempts to define the ethnic background of the mercenary troop of certain “Vandals,” who, according to the Annales Barenses, were a part of the Byzantine army under the command of Orestes who acted in Southern Italy in the second half of the 1020s. The chronology of sources suggests the identification of these “Vandals” as Wends, or Polabian Slavs. The author assumes that this troop probably originated from the Obodritic tribal union, which established close military and political ties with Denmark. Wends were active in piracy and robbery on the Baltic Sea, they participated in the military campaigns of the Danish kings. It is therefore likely that an Obodritic troop joined a group of Danish adventurers, who travelled to the Byzantine Empire to became mercenaries. According to the article’s author, their leader was Danish warlord Eilif Thorgilsson, one of the leaders of the Jomsvikings. In August 1009, Eilif invaded Southern England, in 1013–1014, he led one of the Danish mercenary troops (þingamannalið) in London. In 1017–1020, he was titled ealdorman, and in 1021, he plundered south-western Wales. Ca 1025, Eilif and his brother, Jarl Ulf Thorgilsson, together with the Swedes and Norwegians, opposed Konung Cnut and defeated him in the battle of the “Holy River.” When the Thorgilsson brothers reconciled with Konung Cnut, Eilif probably gone to Wendland and then to Byzantium. The author has suggested to date Jarl Eilif Thorgilsson’s journey to Byzantium to 1025–1028.
Seals of Kommerkiarioi of the Ros’
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, Stepanova Elena V.
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the seals of the kommerkiarioi of the Ros’. So far there are known two groups of the seals in question. The first includes five specimens showing the flowering patriarchal cross on two steps on the obverse and the Greek inscription “ of the kommerkiarioi of the Ros’” on the reverse. The find-spots of most specimens are known: one artefact was discovered in Rybinsk at the Rus’ian settlement of Ust’-Sheksna, and three at the territory of Veliky Novgorod. The fifth piece resides in the State Hermitage Museum collection: it was acquired from the antiquary Osman Nuri-Bey in the early-twentieth century; its provenance is not known. These seals date from the late-eleventh to early-twelfth century. The second group of the seals comprises four specimens. There is metric inscription on both sides: “I am a seal of the kommerkion of the Ros’”. These seals were found in the town of Mena, Chernihiv oblast’ (Ukraine); in Belarus; in Ukraine; in the village of Hlyboke (Boryspil’ district, Kiev oblast’). W. Seibt dates them to the second or third thirty years of the twelfth century. These lead seals are of interest in many ways. The ethnonym Ῥῶς occurs on Byzantine seals for the first time. No less interesting is the mention of the kommerkiarioi of the Ros’ in one case and the kommerkion of the Ros’ in the other. The kommerkiarioi, or collectors of custom duties, are known as long as the late-twelfth century. The kommerkion is a set of the trade duties imposed by the state, usually amounting to 10% of the goods value. In both cases, it is the case of the Byzantine customs working with trade with Rus’ian towns in the late-eleventh and twelfth century.
Social Network of the Byzantine Intellectual John Tzetzes
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Frolov Boris M.
Published: December 2024

This article provides a reconstruction of a social network of John Tzetzes, famous Byzantine writer from the twelfth century. The epistolary legacy of John Tsetztes was analyzed using the database “Prosopography of the Byzantine World”. The author demonstrates that in correspondence with persons of this circle John Tzetzes allowed himself to violate the strict canons of Byzantine epistolography, leaving room for sarcasm and irony, which is a sign of high trust between the addressees. The reviewed letters contain numerous examples of the “scholarly friendship” characteristic of the Byzantine intellectual environment during the Komnenian and Palaiologan Periods. It has been shown that among the friends and disciples of John Tzetzes there were the representatives of the families of Triphyles, Gabrielakites, Basilakes, Charsianites, Machetarios and others who did not belong to the ruling Komnenan clan. The author concludes that the entourage of John Tsetzes included church hierarchs, provincial officials and representatives of formerly noble families who lost their position during the reign of the Komnenoi. The composition of the circle of communication demonstrates that Tzetzes, while remaining a teacher and a grammarian, did not have strong connections among court officials and representatives of the military aristocracy, but at the same time did not abandon his attempts to acquire such contacts and find influential patrons.
Latin Population of the Peloponnesos in the Context of the Palaiologan Conquests in the Region (First Third of the Fifteenth Century)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Belorussova Tatiana E,
Published: December 2024

In the early-fifteenth century, the Peloponnesos (Morea) continued to be a zone of Greek-Latin confrontation, which started when the Fourth Crusade participants conquered Byzantine territories. By the period under study, the balance of power on the peninsula radically changed, so the Romaioi of the Despotate of the Morea, led by the despotai of the Palaiologos dynasty (1383–1460), were pursuing the policy of conquest against the Latins of the Principality of Achaea. This article examines the impact of the Byzantine “Reconquista” in the Morea on the peninsula’s Latin population: the inhabitants of the Principality of Achaea, as well as the Venetian territories, which suffered collateral damage from regular clashes between their neighbours. The author uses Venetian documentary material and Byzantine narrative sources (historical works by George Sphrantzes, Laonikos Chalkokondyles, and Doukas, rhetorical works by Manuel II Palaiologos and George Gemistos Plethon) as the background to analyse how the Palaiologoi’s expansion changed the life of the Latin population and the Greeks’ attitude towards the latter. The conclusion is that the period in question was critical for the Latin population from not only political but also psychological and economic points of view. Extremely alarming feelings of the Latins were associated with the colossal economic damage from military actions and uncertainty about the future due to the small number of the Latin population in the Morea. Nevertheless, after the annexation of the Principality of Achaea by the Despotate of the Morea (1430), the Latins still found their place in the changed realities, but solely on Byzantine terms.
Idea of the Church Union at the Council of Constance: The Polish Initiative in the Byzantine Game
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Pashkin Nikolai G.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the international context of the Council of Constance, where, in the fall 1415, the idea of the Church union between the Latin West and the Orthodox East was voiced on behalf of the Polish King. The analysis undertaken links the origins of the initiative in question with the political game of the Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos of Byzantium. According to the author of this article, it was the time when Byzantium sought to secure peace with the Ottomans, and the way to it laid through the separation and balancing of three forces, Venice, the Roman King Sigismund Luxembourg, and the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I. Against the background of the contradictions between Sigismund and Venice, the most important task of Byzantine diplomacy was to block the possibility of an agreement between Venice and the Ottoman ruler. In this regard, the Byzantines deliberately instilled in everyone the false assumption about the intentions of their Emperor to join King Sigismund, who was preparing for the Crusade. The article’s author believes that the game simulated the preparation of the Greeks for negotiations on the Church union, and the Byzantines actually provoked the Polish King and his supporter the Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania to the appropriate appeal sounded as a result at the Council of Constance. In the light of the proposed hypothesis, the article explains some details of the Byzantine embassy, which visited the two rulers in 1415. The article reveals the Byzantine trail of the mission of Theodore Chrysoberges to the Council of Constance. The result of the Byzantine game is seen in the fact that with its help the Greeks managed to involve Venice in negotiations with the emperor on a maritime agreement that provided for international control over the Straits while maintaining the alliance of Byzantium with the Ottoman sultan.
Pagan Gods in L. B. Alberti’s Philosophical Novel Momus
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Youssim Mark A.
Published: December 2024

The satirical novel Momus is one of the most interesting and mysterious works of the Renaissance humanist and theoretician of architecture Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472). In the form of amusing short stories, allegories and parables, it touches on a variety of subjects and topics, from the burdensome concerns of sovereigns to the reshaping of the world and the relationship between people and the gods. At the core of the transversal plot is the story of Momus, the ancient god of mockery, evil-speaking, and criticism. Expelled from the assembly of gods, he wanders through the Earth, talks to philosophers, returns to Olympus as Jupiter’s counsellor and table companion, though finally receives a severe punishment. The story of Momus allows Alberti to convey, as he himself writes, the serious thoughts in entertaining form. Written in the mid-fifteenth century, the book under study survives in several manuscripts, with the first printed editions dating from 1520, when the figure of Momus became popular in the polemical context of the early Reformation. Alberti himself, through the characters of his philosophical novel, discusses politics, religion, society, art, and other subjects familiar to Renaissance humanists. The ancient immortal gods, who differ little from humans with their passions and vices, also act as allegorical embodiments of abstract concepts and qualities (Virtue – Virtus, Rumour – Fama, Deceit – Fraus, and so on). Through the voices of the characters, Alberti expresses many non-trivial and even imprudent from the point of view of official canons judgements concerning politics and religion, but in general they do not go beyond the humanistic search for truth by comparing different opinions.
Documentation of bill clapping in Hooded Crow Corvus cornix
Authors: Husby Magne
Published: December 2024

Cover photo: Hooded Crow Corvus cornix. Photo: Terje Lislevand.
Non-vocal sounds made by rapid closing of the bill are well known among many bird species, including several corvids. However, this is the first documentation of bill clapping by a Hooded Crow Corvus cornix during aggressive encounters with a conspecific. The aggression level was low, and the bill clapping was accompanied by a weak rolling ‘r’ sound.
The Taxpayer Netizen: understanding Fiscal Citizenship in the digital era
Authors: Santos Rui , Álvares Cláudia
Published: December 2024

This article analyses the trajectory of the conception of citizenship from the classical tradition to the modern version, in light of fiscal roles in Western liberal States. The discussion reveals how, in the post-War period, taxation has become the key factor of the modern State’s economic platform, changing the perception of citizens’ duties. Such a change goes beyond conventional voting and other forms of political engagement to new civic responsibility known as fiscal citizenship. Within this conceptual framework, citizens relinquish rights, such as access to public services, in return for duties – the most significant being the obligation to pay taxes, thus creating a new type of association between the individual and the State.
The article also analyses the consequences of digitization on this emergent form of citizenship. Since governance and citizen activities are increasingly shifting towards digital space, tax payments and fiscal compliance are simultaneously moving to the online domain. This shift has led to the appearance of the ‘netizen’ taxpayer, defined as a digital citizen who mainly interacts with the State in the digital environment. In this context, we aim to understand how digitization affects citizens’ understanding of their rights and obligations as regards an integrated and globalized digital economy.
Problems and prospects of this process are considered, especially in relation to governance and economic equity. Big Tech and the digital economy have led to substantial generation of wealth, giving rise to questions concerning equitable redistribution. The concept of ‘digital redistribution’ is thus identified as a key area of governance requiring formulation of policies that guarantee that the advantages of the digital economy are not monopolized. The article concludes by examining the extent to which traditional assumptions about civic identity, rights and responsibilities are impacted by the interplay between fiscal and digital citizenship.
Physics-informed hybrid models for enhanced precision in breast cancer classification
Authors: Moon Ramesh D. , Rewatkar Rajendra M. , Borkar Gautam M. , Reddy K. T. V.
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer poses a significant health and safety risk for women globally, making early detection vital for effective treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance early detection by differentiating between cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues. Existing AI approaches for breast cancer detection face limitations, including overfitting, the need for fine-tuning, and loss of fine details. This research introduces an adaptive hybrid model infused with physics insights framework to address these challenges. The transformed dynamic and adaptive filter is proposed for data preprocessing and achieving a balance between noise reduction and edge preservation, thereby retaining critical image structures. Then, robotic physics informed model is proposed which contains diffusion convolution, batch normalization layers, activation layers, pooling layers, optimization layer and ends with a classification layer. The proposed approach compared with the baseline AOADL-HBCC, DTLRO-HCBC, Inception v3, Inception v3 Long Short Term Memory, Inception v3 Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory, VGG-16, and Residual Network such as 96.77%, 93.52%, 81.67%, 91.46%, 92.05%, 80.15%, and 82.18%, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed approach is 99.56%. This demonstrates our model’s superior performance and effectiveness in breast cancer detection.
Review of Tobias Harris (host). Radio Myles: The Flann O’Brien Podcast. Birkbeck College, University of London, 2023. 8 episodes. https://radiomyles.com
Authors: Cammack Zan
Published: December 2024

Review of Radio Myles: The Flann O’Brien Podcast, hosted by Tobias Harris.