bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PECULIARITIES OF CYTOKINE REGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE CERVIX DURING CANCER THERAPY
Authors: Kenbaeva D. K , Manambaeva Z. A
Published: December 2023

The study included 117 patients with cervical cancer stage IIB and III undergoing combined radiotherapy and also specific immunotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy. The dynamics of a number of cytokines content has been defined (interleukin-2, -6, -10, -12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). There was a significant excess of anti-inflammatory factors over stimulators of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes against the reduction of almost all the interleukins. The degree of impairment was dependent on the stage of the tumor. Application of the treatment method, which includes a specific and adoptive immunotherapy, promoted activation of interleukin production and elimination of immunoregulatory imbalance.
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INHALATION AND COMBINED ANESTHESIA IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Tanatarov S. Z , Neimark M. I , Cherepkova E. V , Gorbatenko A. E
Published: December 2023

The purpose of research is a comparative characterization of inhalation and inhalation-epidural anesthesia influence on the state of the cellular mechanisms of antitumor immunity in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The study included 181 patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, who received radical surgery aged 40-70 years. Indices of immune system cellular component in relation to anesthesia - inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane or a combination of inhalation and epidural anesthesia - at 3 and 7 days after surgery were evaluated. The study revealed the Reduction of negative effects of surgery and anesthesia on cell component of the immune system during the application of the combined method of inhalation anesthesia.
ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RECTAL CANCER, THE PLANNING OF AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS TREATMENT
Authors: Rubtsova N. A. , Puzakov K. B.
Published: December 2023

The review shows the possibilities and role of current medical imaging methods in clinical decision-making when planning a treatment option for rectal cancer. It analyzes the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging for the preoperative estimation of the extent of rectal cancer (invasion depth, adjacent tissue involvement, regional lymph node metastases) and for the evaluation of the efficiency of performed treatment, and its follow-up monitoring.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS MELANOMA: IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION OF DERMOSCOPY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Demidov L. V , Sinelnikov I. E , Nazarova V. V , Utyashev I. A , Golubev A. V , Doroshenko M. V
Published: December 2023

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) — an extremely malignant tumor that needs to be diagnosed at the earliest stages. Dermoscopy is a highly effective method for early diagnosis of CM. This non-invasive method of skin epiluminescene microscopy using an optical device — dermoscope, provides images of the surface and internal structures of the skin. Knowledge of the dermoscopycal signs and algorithms helps to identify the CM among the other pigmented skin pathology. Application of dermoscope reduces the risk of unnecessary surgical procedures in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the skin. Considering the importance of early diagnosis of CM we developed a unique screening program, which was attended by a total of five oncologists. After a preliminary analysis of the on-line profiles with photos of pigmented lesions of the skin, experts internally examined only those patients, whose photographs of skin lesions were suspicious for CM. Dermoscopy was actively used during medical examination. As a result, the screening program has identified the patients with early stages of CM (IA—IIA). Thus dermoscopy is useful and necessary tool for early detection of MK, including the screening programs.
CHANGES IN HEMOSTATIC SYSTEM OF CERTAIN MALIGNANT TUMORS
Authors: Shilova A. N , Lazarev A. F , Karmadonova N. A , Kudrjavtsev A. S , Anikeeva O. Yu
Published: December 2023

The parameters of coagulation hemostasis in 37 patients with gastric cancer, 65 patients with colon cancer, 17 patients with prostate cancer and in 8 patients with lung cancer were analyzed. The aggregation of platelets in 119 patients with tumors of the breast, 17 — stomach cancer, 11 — colon cancer, 17 — prostate cancer and 8 — lung cancer also were analyzed. It was found that cancer patients have hyperthrombinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, violation of the protein C system, reduction of the antithrombin III concentration, increase of induced platelet aggregation, which contributes to the formation of the thrombophilic status in cancer patients, is significant in the progression of the tumor and its metastasis. The use of anticoagulants and antiplatelets by these patients can not only lead to a decrease in the risk of thrombotic complications, but also to improve the survival of cancer patients.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CANCER METASTASES TO THE LUNG
Authors: Pikin O. V. , Alekseyev B. Ya. , Amiraliyev A. M.
Published: December 2023

The paper reviews Russian and foreign references on the choice of treatment policy in patients with renal cancer metastases to the lung providing that primary kidney tumor can be removed or that there is a history of nephrectomy and there are no metastases in other organs. It describes the results of surgical and medical treatment (immunotherapy) in this category of patients. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of prognostic factors when choosing treatment policy. Key prognostic factors, such as the possibility of complete removal of lung metastases, the number and sizes of foci, and a postnephrectomy disease-free interval (DFI), are identified. Four prognostic groups are made up and the long-term results of surgical treatment are given in the patients of each group. The general conclusion can be drawn regarding that drug therapy should be preferred over surgical treatment when metastases are irresectable or there is a combination of some poorfactors (more than 6 foci, a short metastasis-free interval of < 36 months or DFI = 0).
EVALUTION OF RADICAL SURGERY FOR MALIGNANT TUMORS OF PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE
Authors: Aslanova E. Ch. , Drobyshev A. Yu , Mudunov A. M
Published: December 2023

Absence of relapses and metastases patients with tumors of parapharyngeal space according to most authors, is an indication of radical surgery. Anatomic features of parapharyngeal space and an infiltrative tumors growth require an effective surgical treatment. Latent process and late diagnosis of the disease do not admit the posibility of the radical surgery for tumors of parapharyngeal space. But an adequate surgical approach helps to best visualize the operating field and improves the life without relapses. The article contains literature data on the treatment outcomes after radical surgery. The article contains results of our researches.
THE VALUE OF COMPUTER AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS OF PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE TUMORS
Authors: Aslanova E. Ch , Drobyshev A. Yu , Mudunov A. M
Published: December 2023

Radical treatment with modern diagnostics is the basis of successful treatment patients with tumors of parapharyngeal space. Today CT — and MRI — technologies are the most informative radiodiagnostics methods of parapharyngeal localization parotid gland tumors. The use of CT and MRI technology has improved the detection of tumors and has allowed to perform the differential diagnostics between them. This article justifies high efficiency of CT and MRI application in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors parapharyngeal localization according to the twenty years of experience. The article contains results of our researches and the review of clinical cases with detailed description of tumors dissemination in different projections.
Specific immunotherapy and cellular immunity in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Lazarev A. F. , Kenbayeva D. K. , Manambayeva Z. A.
Published: December 2023

The influence of a combination antineoplastic and immunotherapies on a condition of a cellular immunity in patients with cervical cancer of stage I-IIA is defined. Decrease in indicators of immunity system in the surveyed patients and moderate dynamics of their increase is revealed during the treatment, not being accompanied by adequate restoration of killer cells number.
Stenting during cardio-esophageal cancer recurrence in the area of esophago-intestinal anastomosis after gastroectomy
Authors: Medeubaev R. K
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study - the restoration of patency during recurrent stenosing esophageal cancer. 69 years old patients with relapsed cardio-esophageal cancer, accompanied by stenosis of the anastomosis were examined. Successfully performed balloon dilatation, stenting self-expanding stent Hanarostent HEV-18-90-070, restored the possibility of enteral nutrition. Stenting for recurrent cancer can be recommended as an alternative to re-operation.
HEREDITARY MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER: TREATMENT, FOLLOW-UP, PROGNOSIS (PART II)
Authors: Yukina M. Yu , Troshina E. A , Beltsevich D. G , Rumyantsev P. O
Published: December 2023

In hereditary MTC recommended age surgery in carriers of the mutation depends on its localization in the gene RET, which determines the probable age of tumor onset, aggressiveness and prognosis of its clinical course. The optimal treatment of the carrier RET mutation is generally recognized preventive thyroidectomy in childhood before the possible onset of malignancy. The only radical treatment of MTC in operable patients is surgical. Regardless of the etiology ( sporadic, familial) MTC is prone to early and extensive metastatic dissemination. The minimum volume of transactions in medullary carcinoma is total thyroidectomy, supplemented with central lymph node dissection. When tumor is operable and in the absence of data for distant metastases should seek to limit the surgical radicality. Clinical supervision with recurrent dinamics assessment of basal and stimulated calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen level after the surgery is indicated. In inoperable cases and after progression of distant metastases treatment options are extremely limited. MTC is a radiosensitive tumor. Chemotherapy has shown very limited effectiveness under high toxicity and therefore is not assigned. Satisfactory anti-tumor effect in moderate toxicity showed some tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the results of recent randomized clinical trials.
Criteria for the definitive diagnosis of melanoma, by creation of a scorecard
Authors: Yargunin S. A , Davidenko I. S
Published: December 2023

Melanoma of a skin is thought to be one of the most aggressive tumors with unpredictable prognosis because of a high potency of local growth, local and remote metastases, and dissemination. Regarding this point very important aspect is an adequate assessment of patients and proper therapy administration according to a disease stage. Options for effective diagnosis is to create a single user registration card will allow to create the uniform Russian Federation register of patients with a skin melanoma and will help to introduce an international treatment standard with distribution of patients on stages and substages.
Interplevral analgesia in elderly patients durring postoperative period after thoracic cancer
Authors: Novoselova O. A , Kudryashov K. A , Azin A. L
Published: December 2023

The development of postoperational pain after thoracotomy is a vital problem, which can cause atelectasis, hypoxemia and pulmonary infections. The research of interplerval analgesia (IPA) effectiveness and systematic opioid therapy has been carried out. A catheter was put between parietal and visceral pleura during an operation. Painless effect was achieved by adding anesthetic liquid to catheter at a rate of 6 to 12 ml an hour. Clinico-physiological and psycho-emotional data have shown, that patients who received IPA with naropin had a more effective and safe analgesia after thoracotomy.
PREOPERATIVE CORRECTION OF WATER-ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION CAUSED BY COLON CANCER
Authors: Neymark M. I , Zhukov A. S
Published: December 2023

Comparative evaluation of preoperative infusion therapy in 50 patients with acute intestinal obstruction of tumour genesis has been performed and parameters of central hemodynamic and water sectors of organism were studied. The patients had a statistically significant reduction of extracellular sector, hypokalaemia, hypornatremia. Central hemodynamic parameters were characterized by a significant reduction in stroke volume and heart rate increase. Mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance, resistivity reduced in comparison with control group. The study showed that infusion therapy, which includes a balanced colloid solution (HES 130/ 04) and a balanced 700 ml and 1700 ml (average) crystalloid solution and is conducted for 3 hours reduces the severity of water-electrolyte and hemodynamic changes, reduces the need in vasopressor support, and to a certain extent improves outcomes of surgical treatment.
Combined operations in conjunction with intracavitary chemotherapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal mesothelioma. Immediate results. Experience of the Thoracic Department of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of RAMS
Authors: Abdullaev A. G , Polotskiy B. E , Davydov M. I
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the immediate results of the treatment of patients with peritoneal mesothelioma who underwent cytoreductive surgery combined with intracavitary hyperthermia chemoperfusion in the thoracic department of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in the period from 2008 to 2013.
Long-term monitoring patients over 80 years operated for gastric cancer
Authors: Rokhoev G. A , Nered S. N , Stilidi I. S
Published: December 2023

Surgical treatment of patients older than 80 years remains an actual problem and represents a great interest, due to the aging of the population. Many of its aspects, to day, are not sufficiently understood. We describe 3 cases of successful surgical treatment of patients with gastric cancer, older than 80 years. Follow-up was 82.77, and 41 months.
Research of topoisomerase A.F. lia activity in conjunction with clinical and morphological parameters and proliferation (to identify argyrophilic proteins of nucleolar organizer regions and antigen Ki-67) in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Kobyakov D. S , Bychkova E. Yu , Avdalyan A. M , Bobrov I. P , Lazarev S. A. , Kruglova N. M , Lushnikova E. X , Lazarev A. F , Nepomnyashchikh L. M
Published: December 2023

Topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα), argyrophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR) and antigen Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were investigated. Defined Tumors with low and high TopoIIα, Ag-NOR and Ki-67 were defined. TopoIIα had a relationship with clinical and morphological parameters (value T, greatest dimension, stage of disease and tumor differentiation) and proliferation markers (Ag-NOR, Ki-67). Survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with low content of TopoIIα is better as compared with high content of TopoIIα. Survival of patients depends on the mutual content of TopoIIα and clinical and morphological parameters (value N, stage of disease), proliferation markers (Ag-NOR). TopoIIα and Ag-NOR are independent prognostic factors. Mutual research of TopoIIα with clinical and morphological parameters and Ag-NOR has prognostic value in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Densitometrical volume diagnostics of spherical formations in lungs with the use of artificial neuron
Authors: Konovalov V. K , Kolmogorov V. G , Lobanov M. N , Leonov S. L , Shayduk A. M
Published: December 2023

Cancer, specific, nonspecific inflammatory and other pathological processes in lungs have similar lines in their visualization by multislice computed tomography methods. In order to improve the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of spherical formations in lungs by quantifying their internal structure with multislice computed tomography a newly developed method comprising sighting volume densitometry was used. 328 patients with primary cancer of a lung, pneumonia and infiltrative tuberculosis are surveyed. The set of densitometry parameters for differential diagnostics of diseases is defined. For paired division of diseases the nonlinear neuron was used. Sensitivity at division of the «primary cancer - infiltrative tuberculosis» made 91,1%, specificity - 88,6%, accuracy - 90,2%. Sensitivity at division of the «primary cancer - pneumonia» made 90,4%, specificity - 74,5%, accuracy - 84,2%. Sensitivity at division of the «infiltrative tuberculosis - pneumonia» made 79,5%, specificity - 80,8%, accuracy - 80,2%.
THE INITIAL RESULTS OF REMOTE MAMMOGRAPHY BREAST CANCER SCREENING
Authors: Kochergina N. V , Ivankina O. V , Zamogilnaya Ya. A , Bludov A. B , Kiselev I. L , Kudentsova G. V , Shultseva E. V , Karpova M. S
Published: December 2023

The use of mammography breast cancer screening in the world allows to reduce mortality from this widespread disease by 15-30% in the general women population. Currently in the U.S. and in many European countries different standards of mammography screening, which principles are the same and widely applied. The mammography examination standardization and its interpretation is generally accepted for differentiation of the entire flow of healthy women included in the screening process into groups that require different recommendations for monitoring after the first round of screening. To reduce errors in the reports of mammograms the double reading by two radiologists is widely used. Since the program of the medical examination of the Russian Federation population has been enacted, according to which every woman after 39 years has to be examined with radiographic mammography every three years, the question of this process standardization has arisen in order to reduce mortality from breast cancer in the Russian regions.
THE CURRENT STATE OF SCREENING PROGRAMS IN ONCOLOGY
Authors: Komarova L. E
Published: December 2023

The main task carried out in the world of oncology screening programs is the active involvement of public in order to identify asymptomatic and early forms of cancer. The mortality rate reduction in the group of screening participants is the effectiveness evidence of such programs organization and conduct. In recent years, the issues of benefits and possible negative aspects of screening in reducing mortality from certain forms of cancer continue to be debated.
Gestational trophoblastic disease: classification and prognostic factors (part II)
Authors: Bistritskaya D. A , Tikhonovskaya M. N , Mescheryakova L. A , Kuznetsov V. V , Davidova I. Yu
Published: December 2023

Study of factors affecting the prognosis of malignant trophoblastic tumors, allow adequate treatment plan. Histological form trophoblastic tumor has important prognostic value. Chorionic carcionoma and epithelioid tumors are characterized by a worse prognosis, it is difficult to predict the prognosis for placental trophoblastic tumor and the most favorable prognosis is expected in the invasive and metastatic hydatidiform mole. Important prognostic factors are the age of the patient, the outcome of the previous pregnancy disease, length of history, the initial level of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin tumor size, location, size and number of metastases. Inadequate chemotherapy prior to standard treatment, contributes to the emergence of drug resistance of tumors and significantly worsens the prognosis. Modern FIGO classification 2000, includes clinical staging scale and prognostic factors based on which you plan to standard chemotherapy trophoblastic tumors.
SIDE EFFECTS OF TWO REGIMENS OF TRIPLE-COMPONENT CHEMOTHERAPY (CAPECITABINE, OXALIPLATIN AND IRINOTECAN) AS FIRST-LINE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Semenov N. N , Meshcheryakov A. A
Published: December 2023

Last ESMO and NCCN recommendations for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer include the use of a triple-component chemotherapy. A study of two modes with the inclusion of irinotecan dose of 120 mg/m2 every 2 weeks, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 every 2 weeks, the dose of capecitabine 1600 mg/m2/day in 1-7 days with a 1- week break or 1600 mg/m 2 / day in days 1-14 with a 2-week break. Both modes showed satisfactory tolerance without significant gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity. Plan to further study the development of ternary diagrams for the application of the algorithm implementation in a wide oncological practice.
Immunosignature - peptide microarray for diagnostic of cancer and other diseases
Authors: Chapoval Andrei I. , Legutki J. B , Stafford P. , Trebukhov A. V , Johnston S. A , Shoykhet Ya. N , Lazarev A. F
Published: December 2023

Biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis of cancer is a valuable tool for detection of malignant tumors at early stages in risk groups and screening healthy people, as well as monitoring disease recurrence after treatment of cancer. It is known that antibodies are produced in response to antigens expressed by tumor cells. Accordingly, the presence of specific antibodies in serum can serve as biomarkers of cancer. Recently developed technology - immunosignature is a highly sensitive method of detection of circulating antibodies using peptide microarrays. In the present review we discuss modern methods of antibody detection, as well as describe the principles and applications of immunosignature in research and clinical practice.
Coagulation and protein-synthetic functions features of liver during formation of acute cholangitis induced by tumor of pancreaticoduodenal zone
Authors: Kazantseva E. S , Shoikhet Yu. N , Momot A. P , Fokeev S. D
Published: December 2023

The study of coagulation features and protein-synthetic function of blood in patients with cancer of pancreatoduodenal zone, complicated by mechanical jaundice and acute cholangitis was carried out. There are 106 patients included in this work, blood samples was taken at admission (day 1), 3-5 and 7-10 days after operation. Characteristic of hemocoagulation activity was studied by measuring the activity of coagulation factors V and VII. Protein-forming liver function was taken into account by measuring the activity of coagulation factors V and VII, as well as the main physiological anticoagulants - antithrombin III and protein C. The leading cause of blood coagulability reduction in examined patients was a disorder of the vitamin K - dependent factors synthesis (for example, factor VII) with the moderate changes of factor V, antithrombin III and protein C in the course of the disease.
Radiologic methods in evaluation of prevalence and structure of IVC tumor thrombus in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Vikhrova N. B
Published: December 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary tumor of the kidney; it accounts for approximately 3% of newly diagnosed cancers. The incidence of venous extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and renal vein in RCC is markedly increased recently mostly due to the advances in diagnostic modalities. Knowledge of the tumoral stage and determination of tumor thrombus extension at the time of diagnosis is essential for prognosis and surgical planning. Nowadays abdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning techniques are used for the detection and staging of RCC. In this study, the accuracy of recent diagnostic tools in determination of IVC thrombus is outlined. Also the role of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is briefly addressed.
CURRENT CRITERIA OF RADIAL DIAGNOSTICS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFIC CANCER TREATMENT
Authors: Gelezhe P. B. , Morozov S. P. , Mandelblat Y. E. , Libson E. I.
Published: December 2023

Evaluation of tumor treatment response plays an important role in oncology. There were no precise methods for pre-operative assessment of tumor size until the wide introduction of CT and MRI. WHO criteria were introduced in 1979 were the first, but they had considerable limitations. It was the reason for creation of the relevant RECIST 1.0 and 1.1. With invention of new chemotherapy protocols approaches to treatment response assessment were changed. Therefore, new criteria of response to therapyf or some specific histological types of malignant tumors were developed. During the last few years, a necessity for developing specific treatment response criteria using PET/CT emerged; PERCIST 1.0 criteria are a useful tool for evaluation of tumor response by PET/CT. Wide usage of PERCIST 1.0 allows improved assessment of therapy response in general.
Therapy with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: reality and prospects
Authors: Breder V. V , Laktionov K. K , Yudin Denis I. , Hamrina N. E
Published: December 2023

There is highlighted special small subgroup of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who has translocation of gene ALK in tumor. The modified gene encodes a fusion of pathological protein, leading to activation of ALK receptor on the membrane of tumor cells and then malignant transformation. Clinical studies of crizotinib noted a high frequency (> 60%) of complete and partial responses in chemoresistant metastatic ALK-positive lung cancer; median of progression-free survival reached more than 9 months. Crizotinib is the ATP competitive inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptor like ALK, MET and ROS1, is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment ofALK-positive lung cancer. However, it is almost inevitable that almost all patients, even in the most pronounced immediate effect to 24 months of treatment crizotinib marked progression of the disease, which is associated with the development of tumor resistance. Currently, clinical studies of the second generation inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, such as ceritinib, alectinib, AP26113 etc, are continuing. Their application is possible in case of the development of resistance to crizotinib.
MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES OF PERITONEAL PSEUDOMYXOMA
Authors: Shahpazyan N. K , Abdullayev A. G , Polotskiy B. E. , Mekheda L. V , Davydov M. I.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the modern molecular genetic features pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum in order to find a possible source and causes of disease, identify the factors of tumor growth, as well as identification of ways to improve current treatments.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE CERVICAL LYMPH NODES WITHOUT A PRIMARY FOCUS BEING DETECTED
Authors: Saprina O. A
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a review of literature on the most unstudied problem in head and neck oncology - the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervical lymph node metastases without a primary focus being detected.
Heterogeneity of breast cancer I stage: clinical and prognostic value of the carcinoma size T1A, T1B and T1C
Authors: Kolyadina Irina V. , Poddubnaya I. V , Trofimova O. P , Frank G. A , Komov D. V , Karseladze A. I , Ozhereliev A. S
Published: December 2023

During last 25 years there has been a progressive increase in the share of «small» tumors (T1a and T1b) in breast cancer stage I. Biological characteristics of tumor size T1a, T1b and T1c are different. Tumors less then 5mm have favorable biology: a high rate of luminal A subtype of breast cancer that affects the minimum proportion of relapses of the breast cancer and high rates of long-term survival. Biological characteristics of tumor with T1b and T1c size are more aggressive and presented by a high frequency of ductal carcinoma with luminal B and triple-negative immunophenotype, which significantly decreases the prognosis of the disease. Biology «small» tumors should be considered for choosing the optimal adjuvant treatment algorithm for breast cancer stage I.
Some indices of neoplastic angiogenesis in tissues of rectal tumors with various morphological structures
Authors: Kit O. I , Frantsiyants E. M , Nikipelova E. A , Komarova Ekaterina F.
Published: December 2023

The development and growth of the neoplasm is carried out directly by the ability to produce angiogenic factors that stimulate neovascularization. In the tumors of the rectum of various origins (primary adenocarcinoma of stage III (n = 73) and polyps (n = 35): tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, tubular-villous adenoma) the performance of tissue fibrinolytic system and the level of growth factors was studied. A common feature in the tissue of colorectal cancer and polyps is the high content of VEGF-A, VEGF-R and TGF-β1, as well as the increased formation of plasmin, which indicates an increase in angiogenesis and cell proliferation processes violation tissue. Expression of growth factors and functioning of the fibrinolytic system in the case of malignant’s transformation is in better interaction and mutual influence and has a greater number of correlations. In tissue polyps indicators of studiedfactors generally occupy an intermediate position between the cancer and the intact tissue, which shows the possible ways of their cancer’s transformation.
Clinical prospects of insulin-like growth factors and IGF binding proteins study in blood serum of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Isaeva E. R , Gershtein Elena S. , Kushlinsky D. N , Korotkova E. A , Ermilova V. D , Tereshkina I. V , Laktionov K. P , Adamyan L. V
Published: December 2023

IGF-I, II, IGFBP-1, 2 and 3 levels were measured with standard ELISA kits (Mediagnost) in blood serum of 44 ovarian cancer, 12 benign and 11 borderline ovarian tumorpatients. Control group comprised 33 practically healthy women. Serum IGF-1 content in ovarian cancer patients was significantly lower, and IGFBP-1 content - higher than in all other groups. IGFBP-2 level was increased both in ovarian cancer and borderline tumor groups as compared to control and benign ovarian tumor patients. No significant associations were found between the majority ofparameters studied and main clinico-pathologic characteristics of ovarian cancer. Thus, disturbances in IGFs/IGBPs balance were revealed in blood serum of ovarian cancer patients, and IGFBP-2 proved to be a potential diagnostic serological marker with 90% specificity and 90% sensitivity.
Mathematical justification of advantage of Hodgkin's lymphoma risk-adapted therapy in children and adolescents
Authors: Kulyova Svetlana A. , Karitsky A. P , Filatova L. V
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was confirmation of advantage risk-adapted therapy by creation of mathematical models of the individual forecast of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children and adolescents. Material and methods. Data of 138 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma aged from 4 to 18 years old (median 14 years old) treated on risk-adapted programs are included in the investigation. Results. Two factors significant increased recurrence risk at criteria selection and assessment: disease IV stage (correlation coefficient of 0,1904, p=0,024) and B symptoms (correlation coefficient of 0,1876, p=0,026). It wasn’t revealed collinear signs. The regression equation looked as follows: y =-0,156702+0,056748Х st + 0,092922Х В; the determination coefficient was 0,05241494. Separate elements and the whole equation stopped being significant in multiple regression analysis that doesn’t allow to use them for forecasting of lymphoma recurrence. Conclusion. Thus, inclusion in the correlation analysis of the parameter «treatment program» levels influence of adverse factors on the recurrence, and proves adequacy of selection of therapy burden and advantage of risk-adapted protocols before the unified programs. It is once again proved that it is necessary to consider the principles of «response-adapted therapy» when effective treatment partially compensate negative influence of some adverse signs, minimizing their weight in prognostic models.
Modern possibilities of cytological methods in the differential diagnosis of metastatic lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: Marinov Dimitr T. , Mekheda L. V , Polotskiy B. E , Laktionov K. K
Published: December 2023

The comparative analysis data of immunocytochemistry and mmunohistochemistry studies mediastinal lymph nodes. Immunocytochemical method is not inferior in their capabilities by immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of the mediastinum.
Advisability of long-term anticoagulant therapy in oncology
Authors: Shilova Anna N. , Karpenko A. A , Klevanets J. E , Karmadonova N. A
Published: December 2023

The article gives a detailed description of the clinical case of acute massive pulmonary embolism in a patient who underwent surgery for cancer of the corpus uteri. Endovascular recanalization of the pulmonary arteries, supplemented with thrombolytic therapy, followed by long-term anticoagulant therapy led to a successful outcome. We confirmed the needfor anticoagulant therapy in the postoperative period in cancer patients, both in early and late periods of follow-up.
The problem of adrenocortical cancer therapy
Authors: Kolomeytseva Alina A. , Gorbunova V. A , Perevodchikova N. I
Published: December 2023

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) - a rare and very aggressive malignant tumor originating from the adrenal cortex. About 60% of tumors are hormone producing. Surgical treatment is the only method that can heal the sick ACC. Adjuvant therapy may be recommended for patients with a high risk of relapse. Treatment of advanced ACC includes systemic therapy in combination with local methods of exposure, such as surgery, radiofrequency ablation, and chemoembolization. For the treatment of ACC uses a combination of steroidogenesis mitotane inhibitor with cytotoxic drugs. The most effective chemotherapy regimen in metastatic ACC is a combination of etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin against the background of continuous use mitotane (Scheme EPD-M). In the second-line treatment is possible to use a combination of gemcitabine and fluoropyrimidines. The results from the use ACC drugs, which have direct action on the receptor of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) as a monotherapy and in combination with inhibitors ofserine-threonine kinase mTOR. The clinical introduction of new effective drugs will improve the results of patients with ACC treatment.
Molecular genetic features of peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Abdullaev Amir G. , Shakhpazyan N. K , Polockiy B. E , Mekheda L. V , Davydov M. I
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the molecular genetic features ofperitoneal mesothelioma in order to identify differential diagnostic signs of the disease, to identify the factors of tumor growth, as well as identifying ways to improve current treatments.
Mammographic screening (state of the art and perspectives)
Authors: Komarova Lyudmila E.
Published: December 2023

The paper discusses mammographic screening effectiveness in different countries. Large-scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated effectiveness of mammographic screening (early stage of diagnostic, less aggressive treatment, better cosmetic results), however benefits are still the subject to debate. The author presents different opinions concerning the real impact of screening and modern treatment methods in breast cancer mortality decrease as a result of screening.
Tissue densitometry analysis of spherical formations of lungs on the base of artificial intelligence system in the multispiral computed tomography
Authors: Konovalov V. K , Leonov S. L , Shayduk A. M , Lobanov M. N , Kolmogorov Vladimir G. , Fedoseev M. A , Borisenko O. V , Modakalova Yu. S , Isakov A. E , Vorona O. I , Kazancev M. V , Fedorov V. V , Shoykhet Ya. N
Published: December 2023

Applying modern methodological approaches to inspection, it is not always possible to establish the nature of the spherical formation of lungs (SFL). The way of assessment of internal structure SFL consisting of target volume densitometry, allowed to receive consecutive selections in the allocated zones of interest of values of pixels from files in the DICOM format, to carry out the analysis of distribution of densitometrical density, both to the cut planes, and taking into account various cuts in the allocated volume. The newly developed technology of the densitometrical analysis of spherical formations of lungs on the basis of neural networks, is capable to classify the numerical data obtained from computer tomograms by means of the software «Radiologist +». Sensitivity at division of «primary cancer - infiltrative tuberculosis» made 91.1%, specificity - 88.6%, accuracy - 90.2%. Sensitivity at division of «primary cancer - pneumonia» made 90.4%, specificity - 74.5%, accuracy - 84.2%. Sensitivity at division of «infiltrative tuberculosis - pneumonia» made 79.5%, specificity - 80.8%, accuracy - 80.2%.
The role of target therapy for mixed phenotype acute leukemia
Authors: Antipova A. S , Baranova Ol’ga Yu. , Frenkel M. A , Tupitsyn N. N
Published: December 2023

Aim was to study clinical and laboratory test results, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics and prognosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) as well as the role of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treatment of Ph-positive MPAL (Ph+ MPAL). Material and methods. The rare MPAL diagnosis was determined in 5 (2.4%) out of 208 patients examined in N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center (NNBRCRC) between 2000 and 2014. On the whole, the study group included 13 patients, 5 - from NNBRCRC and 8 - treated in four other hematological hospitals of Moscow. The diagnosis was established according to WHO classification, 2008. Results. High percentage of the complete remission (83.3%) and low early lethality (8.3%) was observed in the study group. However, the long-term therapy results were unsatisfactory. 3-year overall survival (OS) rate amounted 18.2% with the median of 14 months, and 3-year relapse free survival (RFS) was 12.8%, with the median of 16 months. Imatinib based treatment in combination with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) polychemotherapy of the patients with Ph+ MPAL associated with high immediate efficacy and better survival. Complete remission was achieved in all patients with Ph+ MPAL. 3-year OS of Ph+MPAL patients was 61% (median 36 months); RFS was low. Conclusion. Primary acute leukemia diagnostics should be complex and necessarily include immune phenotype evaluation, cytogenetic and molecular biological tests. 1-st or 2-ndgeneration TKIs should be included in Ph+MPAL treatment. TKIs may be more effectively combined with lower intensive ALL therapy regimens. The problem of Ph-negative MPAL patients ’ treatment remains unresolved. Further studies of cytogenetic and molecular biological profile of this acute leukemia type are necessary to develop optimal therapy regimens.
Chalenges of brain tumor treatment in patients with primary multiple neoplasms
Authors: Dmitriev Aleksandr B. , Moisak G. I , Chernov S. V , Kalinovsky A. V , Zotov A. V , Gormolysova E. V , Uzhakova E. K , Rzaev J. A
Published: December 2023

Care of patients with multiple primary tumors, one of which is a tumor of the CNS, is a challenge of today's neurosurgery. This article considers the role of neurosurgery to clarify diagnosis, as well as its influence on the further treatment tactics in patients with primary multiple tumors. 26 patients with brain tumors combined with previously treated malignant diseases of other organs were surgically treated. The observation proved the need to verify the morphological structure of brain tumors to prescribe the subsequent adjuvant therapy in the patients despite their cancer anamnesis.
Effect of protein composite dry mixture on protein metabolism of patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Galkina Oksana M. , Lazarev A. F , Beleninova I. A , Shoykhet Ya. N
Published: December 2023

Esophageal cancer is among five most aggressive tumors in terms of course and prognosis of the disease. The patients who underwent extensive surgery have the risk of malnutrition due to starvation, stress and subsequent occurrence of metabolic disorders. Lack of protein in the body leads to weight loss due to the collapse of muscles and causes development ofprotein-energy malnutrition. One type of insufficient nutrition correction is a diet therapy by modified products. The use of protein composite dry mixture leads to correction of protein deficiency.
Preclinical results of gemcitabinebased regimens for preoperative chemotherapy of spontaneous feline breast cancer
Authors: Treshalina Elena M. , Yakunina M. N , Antar M. O , Borisova Ju. A , Smirnova G. B , Raichlin N. T
Published: December 2023

Comparative preclinical study of chemotherapy regimen doxorubicin (DOX) + gemcitabine (GEM) for preoperative chemotherapy of spontaneous feline breast cancer and standard monochemotherapy with DOX alone was performed on transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma Ca55 in BDF1 hybrid mice model. The total GEM doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for the triple course in combination with the single injection of 7.5 mg/kg of DOX were chosen to treat the established Ca755 tumor of 595.5 mm 3 average volume (preoperative treatment modeling). The combined chemotherapy showed an advantage of DOX + GEM regimen with GEM course dose of 200 mg/kg (70, 70 and 60 mg/kg, accordingly) as compared to other groups in terms of Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI max=100% versus 96%; number of complete remissions (CR) 30% versus 0%, and enhanced Life Expectancy (LE) 163% versus 84-85%). The most effective regimen demonstrated dose-dependent therapeutic pathomorphism of grade II-III with 1.5-fold decrease of cell polymorphism and increase of cell differentiation. At the same time, the number of cells in mitosis decreased in 3-4 times and the number of apoptotic cells increased in 5-10 times. The results suggest that DOX + GEM combination with the unchanged components doses ratio has good potential for preoperative chemotherapy of locally advanced feline breast cancer and may be recommended for clinical study of this disease.
Nutritional therapy by a protein composite dry mixture in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Galkina Oksana M. , Lazarev A. F , Beleninova I. A , Shoykhet Ya. N
Published: December 2023

Gastric cancer remains one of the most common forms of human cancers. Treatment ofpatients with gastric cancer after surgical treatment includes improvement of malnutrition. In case of cancer patients there is always a discrepancy between received and required energy. One of the main components of post-operative rehabilitation of patients is healthy food, which helps to reduce the frequency of complications andfaster recovery. The use of nutritional therapy by a protein composite dry mixture of 68 patients allowed correction of protein and lipid metabolism as compared to the control group.
Case report: multiple synchronous primary tumors in a 3-year-old child
Authors: Kazantsev A. P , Hizhnikov Aleksander V. , Kerimov P. A , Rubansky M. A , Rubanskay M. V , Kapkova O. A , Rybakova D. V , Nechushkina I. V , Boichenko E. I , Romantsova O. M
Published: December 2023

Clinical case. In the Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology a 3-year-old boy underwent comprehensive examination, including modern methods of radiological diagnostics and morphological studies. The diagnosis was proved as multiple synchronous primary tumor: 1) Miksofibrosarkoma of soft tissue of the anterior chest wall, stage I. T1N0M0. 2) Neuroblastoma of the pelvis, stage I by INSS. We performed radical surgical treatment. According to the protocols of treatment we performed all necessary additional studies to identify risk group for each tumor. The tumors showed low risk. The patient needed no special treatment. Results. Following the postoperative period the child is being under dynamic monitoring. At present the patient is alive without evidence of recurrence or disease progression. Conclusions. Morphological verification of diagnosis at the initial stage of treatment is important for determining treatment strategy. Current approaches to the definition of risk for cancer can achieve good results without undue intensification of treatment.
Surgical treatment of a metastatic melanoma patient after targeted therapy
Authors: Yargunin Sergey A. , Semenihin E. V
Published: December 2023

The article presents issues of diagnosis, course of disease, results of target therapy and surgery of a patient with metastatic melanoma Material and methods. Patient B., aged 19, referred to the department of tumors of the skin and soft tissues of COD № 1MOH KR with complaints on painful tumors in soft tissues of the body, right thigh and left inguinal area. On the basis of the examination she was diagnosed skin metastatic melanoma with multiple soft tissue lesions in the body, right thigh, left inguinal area and left ovary. The patient had surgical treatment: left laparoscopic adnexectomy, left inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy, surgical excision of multiple soft tissue tumors in the body and right thigh. Results. We achieved a partial response to vemurafenib in the patient that allowed further surgical treatment. The postsurgical period was rather tolerable; the patient was discharged from the hospital under the surveillance of a cancer specialist near her place of residence.
Target therapy of the vulvar melanoma based on the genetic study results
Authors: Korzhevskaya Ekaterina V. , Lushnikova A. A , Tsyganova I. V , Mikhailova I. N , Ponkratova D. A
Published: December 2023

The article presents two clinical cases of female patients with cancer family history, who have been diagnosed melanoma of the vulva (MV). Using specific PCR and PCR product sequencing, exon 11 KIT gene mutation was detected in tumor biopsy samples obtained from the patients, while BRAF gene mutations were absent. Positive dynamics in response to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib (Gleevec) was revealed. During the further treatment in one of the patients a minor NRAS gene mutation was found in metastatic modified inguinal lymph node, indicating a molecular heterogeneity of MV as one of the causes for acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
Remission of invasive CTG secreting macroadenocarcinoma of hipophisis with pituitary apoplexy after transsphenoidal adenomectomy
Authors: Mahkamov K. E , Azizov Miralim M.
Published: December 2023

We describe a rare case of remission of acromegaly as a consequence of hemorrhage to pituitary adenoma and subarachnoid space (pituitary apoplexy), before transnasal transsphenoidal removal of somatoprolactinomas.
Analysis of lung cancer cases in Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Safontsev Ivan P. , Zukov R. A , Modestov A. A , Dykhno Yu. A , Narkevich A. N , Tonkonogov A. S
Published: December 2023

The article presents the study of lung cancer incidence in Krasnoyarsk region over the last 10 years. Growth of lung cancer cases accounts for 5.3% in the region. In the city of Krasnoyarsk lung cancer incidence has decreased by 21.2%. The greatest increase of lung cancer cases in the region for the studied period - 33.4% was found in women. On the basis of the established tendencies the authors made the calculation of the medium-term forecast of incidence in the region. By 2020 growth of lung cancer cases is predicted by 1.2 times, mainly in the female population.