bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Resilience: A Civil Engineering Perspective
Authors: Bozza Anna , Asprone Domenico , Fabbrocino Francesco
Published: January 2017

The concept of resilience is used in multiple scientific contexts, being understood according to several different perspectives. Essentially, resilience identifies the capability to recover, absorb shocks, and restore equilibrium after a perturbation. Recently, resilience is triggering increasing interest in engineering contexts, referring to communities and urban networked systems, as the capability to recover from natural disasters. The approach to the engineering resilience dates back to the early 1980s, when Timmerman defined resilience as “the ability of human communities to withstand external shocks or perturbations to their infrastructure and to recover from such perturbations”. In this paper, a literature review of the existing methodologies to quantify urban resilience is presented according to a civil engineering perspective. Different approaches, for diverse applications, are examined and discussed. A particular focus is done on the studies from Cavallaro et al. and Bozza et al., approaching disaster resilience of urban environments to natural hazards according to the complex networks theory.
Effective Detection of Porcine Cytomegalovirus Using Non-Invasively Taken Samples from Piglets
Authors: Morozov Vladimir , Heinrichs Gerd , Denner Joachim
Published: January 2017

Shortage of human organs forced the development of xenotransplantation using cells, tissues, and organs from pigs. Xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of porcine zoonotic microorganisms, among them the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). To prevent virus transmission, pigs have to be screened using sensitive methods. In order to perform regular follow-ups and further breeding of the animals, samples for testing should be collected by low-invasive or non-invasive methods. Sera, ear biopsies, as well as oral and anal swabs were collected from ten 10-day-old Aachen minipigs (AaMP) and tested for PCMV using sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as uniplex and duplex real-time PCR. Porcine cytomegalovirus DNA was detected most frequently in oral and anal swabs. Comparison of duplex and uniplex real-time PCR systems for PCMV detection demonstrated a lower sensitivity of duplex real-time PCR when the copy numbers of the target genes were low (less 200). Therefore, to increase the efficacy of PCMV detection in piglets, early testing of oral and anal swabs by uniplex real-time PCR is recommended.
Astrovirus Diagnostics
Authors: Pérot Philippe , Lecuit Marc , Eloit Marc
Published: January 2017

Various methods exist to detect an astrovirus infection. Current methods include electron microscopy (EM), cell culture, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and various other molecular approaches that can be applied in the context of diagnostic or in surveillance studies. With the advent of metagenomics, novel human astrovirus (HAstV) strains have been found in immunocompromised individuals in association with central nervous system (CNS) infections. This work reviews the past and current methods for astrovirus detection and their uses in both research laboratories and for medical diagnostic purposes.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Water in 2016
Authors:   Water Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Water would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
DATA-CONSTRAINED CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS IN A GLOBAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS MODEL
Authors: Jin M. , Manchester W. B. , van der Holst B. , Sokolov I. , Tóth G. , Mullinix R. E. , Taktakishvili A. , Chulaki A. , Gombosi T. I.
Published: January 2017

We present a first-principles-based coronal mass ejection (CME) model suitable for both scientific and operational purposes by combining a global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solar wind model with a flux-rope-driven CME model. Realistic CME events are simulated self-consistently with high fidelity and forecasting capability by constraining initial flux rope parameters with observational data from GONG, SOHO/LASCO, and STEREO/COR. We automate this process so that minimum manual intervention is required in specifying the CME initial state. With the newly developed data-driven Eruptive Event Generator using Gibson–Low configuration, we present a method to derive Gibson–Low flux rope parameters through a handful of observational quantities so that the modeled CMEs can propagate with the desired CME speeds near the Sun. A test result with CMEs launched with different Carrington rotation magnetograms is shown. Our study shows a promising result for using the first-principles-based MHD global model as a forecasting tool, which is capable of predicting the CME direction of propagation, arrival time, and ICME magnetic field at 1 au (see the companion paper by Jin et al. 2016a).
SIGNS OF EARLY-STAGE DISK GROWTH REVEALED WITH ALMA
Authors: Yen Hsi-Wei , Koch Patrick M. , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Aso Yusuke
Published: January 2017

We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum, 12CO, C18O, and SO data for the Class 0 protostars Lupus 3 MMS, IRAS 15398−3559, and IRAS 16253−2429 at resolutions of ∼100 au. By measuring a rotational profile in C18O, a 100 au Keplerian disk around a 0.3 M
⊙ protostar is observed in Lupus 3 MMS. No 100 au Keplerian disks are observed in IRAS 15398−3559 and IRAS 16253−2429. Nevertheless, embedded compact (<30 au) continuum components are detected. The C18O emission in IRAS 15398−3559 shows signatures of infall with a constant angular momentum. IRAS 16253−2429 exhibits signatures of infall and rotation, but its rotational profile is unresolved. By fitting the C18O data with our kinematic models, the protostellar masses and the disk radii are inferred to be 0.01 M
⊙ and 20 au in IRAS 15398−3559, and 0.03 M
⊙ and 6 au in IRAS 16253−2429. By comparing the specific angular momentum profiles from 10,000 au to 100 au in eight Class 0 and I protostars, we find that the evolution of envelope rotation can be described with conventional inside-out collapse models. In comparison with a sample of 18 protostars with known disk radii, our results reveal signs of disk growth, with the disk radius increasing as

M

*

0.8
±
0.14

or

t

1.09
±
0.37

in the Class 0 stage, where M
* is the protostellar mass and t is the age. The disk growth rate slows down in the Class I stage. In addition, we find a hint that the mass accretion rate declines as

t

−
0.26
±
0.04

from the Class 0 to the Class I stages.
ALMA Reveals Strong
Emission in a Galaxy Embedded in a Giant Lyα Blob at z = 3.1
Authors: Umehata Hideki , Matsuda Yuichi , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Smail Ian , Ivison R. J. , Steidel Charles C. , Chapman Scott C. , Geach James E. , Hayes Matthew , Nagao Tohru , Ao Yiping , Kawabe Ryohei , Yun Min S. , Hatsukade Bunyo , Kubo Mariko , Kato Yuta , Saito Tomoki , Ikarashi Soh , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Lee Minju , Izumi Takuma , Mori Masao , Ouchi Masami
Published: January 2017

We report the result from observations conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to detect [C
ii] 158 μm fine structure line emission from galaxies embedded in one of the most spectacular Lyα blobs (LABs) at z = 3.1, SSA22-LAB1. Of three dusty star-forming galaxies previously discovered by ALMA 860 μm dust continuum survey toward SSA22-LAB1, we detected the [C
ii] line from one, LAB1-ALMA3 at z = 3.0993 ± 0.0004. No line emission was detected, associated with the other ALMA continuum sources or from three rest-frame UV/optical selected z
spec ≃ 3.1 galaxies within the field of view. For LAB1-ALMA3, we find relatively bright [C
ii] emission compared to the infrared luminosity (L
[C
ii]/L
IR ≈ 0.01) and an extremely high [C
ii] 158 μm and [N
ii] 205 μm emission line ratio (L
[C
ii]/L

[N
ii]
 > 55). The relatively strong [C
ii] emission may be caused by abundant photodissociation regions and sub-solar metallicity, or by shock heating. The origin of the unusually strong [C
ii] emission could be causally related to the location within the giant LAB, although the relationship between extended Lyα emission and interstellar medium conditions of associated galaxies is yet to be understand.
Ultraviolet C ii and Si iii Transit Spectroscopy and Modeling of the Evaporating Atmosphere of GJ436b
Authors: Loyd R. O. Parke , Koskinen T. T. , France Kevin , Schneider Christian , Redfield Seth
Published: January 2017

Hydrogen gas evaporating from the atmosphere of the hot-Neptune GJ436b absorbs over 50% of the stellar Lyα emission during transit. Given the planet’s atmospheric composition and energy-limited escape rate, this hydrogen outflow is expected to entrain heavier atoms such as C and O. We searched for C and Si in the escaping atmosphere of GJ436b using far-ultraviolet Hubble Space Telescope COS G130M observations made during the planet’s extended H i transit. These observations show no transit absorption in the C ii 1334,1335 Å and Si iii 1206 Å lines integrated over [−100, 100] km s−1, imposing 95% (2σ) upper limits of 14% (C ii) and 60% (Si iii) depth on the transit of an opaque disk and 22% (C ii) and 49% (Si iii) depth on an extended highly asymmetric transit similar to that of H i Lyα. C+ is likely present in the outflow according to a simulation we carried out using a spherically symmetric photochemical-hydrodynamical model. This simulation predicts an ∼2% transit over the integrated bandpass, consistent with the data. At line center, we predict the C ii transit depth to be as high as 19%. Our model predicts a neutral hydrogen escape rate of

g s−1 (

g s−1 for all species) for an upper atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium.
Simulations of Magnetic Fields in Tidally Disrupted Stars
Authors: Guillochon James , McCourt Michael
Published: January 2017

We perform the first magnetohydrodynamical simulations of tidal disruptions of stars by supermassive black holes. We consider stars with both tangled and ordered magnetic fields, for both grazing and deeply disruptive encounters. When the star survives disruption, we find its magnetic field amplifies by a factor of up to 20, but see no evidence for a self-sustaining dynamo that would yield arbitrary field growth. For stars that do not survive, and within the tidal debris streams produced in partial disruptions, we find that the component of the magnetic field parallel to the direction of stretching along the debris stream only decreases slightly with time, eventually resulting in a stream where the magnetic pressure is in equipartition with the gas. Our results suggest that the returning gas in most (if not all) stellar tidal disruptions is already highly magnetized by the time it returns to the black hole.
Interferometric Measurement of Acceleration at Relativistic Speeds
Authors: Christian Pierre , Loeb Abraham
Published: January 2017

We show that an interferometer moving at a relativistic speed relative to a point source of light offers a sensitive probe of acceleration. Such an accelerometer contains no moving parts, and is thus more robust than conventional “mass-on-a-spring” accelerometers. In an interstellar mission to Alpha Centauri, such an accelerometer could be used to measure the masses of exoplanets and their host stars as well as test theories of modified gravity.
Experimental Observation of Thin-shell Instability in a Collisionless Plasma
Authors: Ahmed H. , Doria D. , Dieckmann M. E. , Sarri G. , Romagnani L. , Bret A. , Cerchez M. , Giesecke A. L. , Ianni E. , Kar S. , Notley M. , Prasad R. , Quinn K. , Willi O. , Borghesi M.
Published: January 2017

We report on the experimental observation of the instability of a plasma shell, which formed during the expansion of a laser-ablated plasma into a rarefied ambient medium. By means of a proton radiography technique, the evolution of the instability is temporally and spatially resolved on a timescale much shorter than the hydrodynamic one. The density of the thin shell exceeds that of the surrounding plasma, which lets electrons diffuse outward. An ambipolar electric field grows on both sides of the thin shell that is antiparallel to the density gradient. Ripples in the thin shell result in a spatially varying balance between the thermal pressure force mediated by this field and the ram pressure force that is exerted on it by the inflowing plasma. This mismatch amplifies the ripples by the same mechanism that drives the hydrodynamic nonlinear thin-shell instability (NTSI). Our results thus constitute the first experimental verification that the NTSI can develop in colliding flows.
Eleni Sikelianos’ California Poem and the American Traditions of the Long Poem
Authors: Rumeau Delphine
Published: January 2017

Cet article propose de situer le California Poem d’Eleni Sikelianos (2004) dans le champ des traditions du long poème américain. Il montre que l’œuvre croise deux tendances différentes: d’une part l’héritage moderniste dont se réclame Sikelianos, d’autre part le désir de revenir à ce qu’elle appelle « l’ancien schéma narratif », en particulier celui de l’épopée. Nous montrons également le tournant écologique qui s’opère dans le poème par rapport aux traditions épiques américaines.
Application of Several Models for the Forecasting of the Container Throughput of the Abidjan Port in Ivory Coast
Authors: Gamassa Pascal Kany Prud’ome , Chen Yan
Published: January 2017

The Abidjan Port in Ivory Coast has the second highest volume of Container Throughput in West Africa and aims to become a hub Port for the region and one of the most developed Port in Africa in the coming years. In this article, several Forecasting Models are applied to accurately forecast the Abidjan Port Container Throughput. These models are the Grey model, the Linear Regression model, the Double Exponential Smoothing model and a Combination Forecast model. After the application of each model, their results have been compared with the mean absolute percentage error. From their results, the Double Exponential Smoothing model has got the smallest error and been found to have the best data available on the research work, becoming at the same time, the best forecasting model for the Abidjan Port Container Throughput. A forecast of the Abidjan Port Container Throughput was finally made for the period covering the year 2015 up to the year 2020.
A Corporate Social Responsibility of Engineering the Liquidity-Adjusted Capital Asset Pricing Modelling Sub-Sahara Africa: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Duduchoge Solomon , Yao Hong Xing , Ampimah Benjamin Chris , Harvim Prince
Published: January 2017

This paper estimates a conditional version of liquidity–adjusted capital asset pricing model in an emerging market in line with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the Ghana Stocks Exchange. We find out that for several years, Ghana stock market has been excluded from the global financial watch and from empirical verification model for lack of transparency in the performance of Exchange. Our evaluation concludes that illiquidity risk can be measured in the local market and exhibit a strong trend of mix reactions from liquidity premia.While the effect of the recent financial crisis do not show much difference between the different market conditions, the effect is more stronger in the down market than the up market. Finally, we explore the size effect on the market and conclude that the net beta as well as the systematic liquidity risk is pronounced in the smaller market though insignificant.
Boundary Layer Analysis of Exothermic and Endothermic Kind of Chemical Reaction in the Flow of Non-Darcian Unsteady Micropolar Fluid along an Infinite Vertical Surface
Authors: Koriko O.K. , Omowaye A.J. , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Babatunde Idris O.
Published: January 2017

The problem of unsteady non – Newtonian flow past a vertical porous surface in the presence of thermal radiation is investigated. Using the theory of boundary layer analysis, the flow of micropolar fluid in the presence of exothermic and endothermic kind of chemical reaction is considered. It is assumed that the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure drop as the fluid flows over a porous medium is non – linear. Using local similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations of the physical model are reduced to ordinary differential equations. The corresponding boundary value problem is solved numerically using shooting method along with Runge-Kutta Gill method together with quadratic interpolation. It is found that increase in micro-rotation parameter increases the velocity while the micro- rotation decreases across the flow region. Maximum micro-rotation of tiny particles is guaranteed at higher values of suction parameter. Local heat transfer rate decreases with an increase in exothermic /endothermic parameter.
BLT1 Mediates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis Independently of Neutrophils and CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Lv Jiaoyan , Xiong Yingluo , Li Wenjing , Yang Wei , Zhao Lina , He Rui
Published: January 2017

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its functional receptor BLT1 are closely involved in tissue inflammation by primarily mediating leukocyte recruitment and activation. Elevated LTB4 was reported in patients with lung fibrosis; however, the role of the LTB4/BLT1 axis in lung fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that BLT1−/− mice exhibited significantly attenuated bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Interestingly, BLT1 blockade with its specific antagonist U75302 in the acute injury phase (days 0–10 after BLM treatment) significantly attenuated lung fibrosis, which was accompanied by significant decreases in early infiltrating neutrophils and later infiltrating CD4+ T cells and the production of TGF-β, IL-13, and IL-17A. In contrast, BLT1 blockade in the fibrotic phase (days 10–21 after BLM treatment) had no effect on lung fibrosis and TGF-β production, although it significantly decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration. Furthermore, depletion of neutrophils or CD4+ T cells had no effect on BLM-induced lung fibrosis, suggesting the independence of profibrotic activity of the LTB4/BLT1 axis on BLT1-dependent lung recruitment of these two leukocytes. Finally, although BLT1 blockade had no effect on the recruitment and phenotype of macrophages in BLM-induced lung fibrosis, the LTB4/BLT1 axis could promote TGF-β production by macrophages stimulated with BLM or supernatants from BLM-exposed airway epithelial cells in an autocrine manner, which further induced collagen secretion by lung fibroblasts. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the LTB4/BLT1 axis plays a critical role in acute injury phase to promote BLM-induced lung fibrosis, and it suggests that early interruption of the LTB4/BLT1 axis in some inflammatory diseases could prevent the later development of tissue fibrosis.
Ibrutinib Therapy Increases T Cell Repertoire Diversity in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yin Qingsong , Sivina Mariela , Robins Harlan , Yusko Erik , Vignali Marissa , O’Brien Susan , Keating Michael J. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Estrov Zeev , Jain Nitin , Wierda William G. , Burger Jan A.
Published: January 2017

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib is a highly effective, new targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that thwarts leukemia cell survival, growth, and tissue homing. The effects of ibrutinib treatment on the T cell compartment, which is clonally expanded and thought to support the growth of malignant B cells in CLL, are not fully characterized. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we characterized the diversity of TCRβ-chains in peripheral blood T cells from 15 CLL patients before and after 1 y of ibrutinib therapy. We noted elevated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers and a restricted TCRβ repertoire in all pretreatment samples. After 1 y of ibrutinib therapy, elevated peripheral blood T cell numbers and T cell–related cytokine levels had normalized, and T cell repertoire diversity increased significantly. Dominant TCRβ clones in pretreatment samples declined or became undetectable, and the number of productive unique clones increased significantly during ibrutinib therapy, with the emergence of large numbers of low-frequency TCRβ clones. Importantly, broader TCR repertoire diversity was associated with clinical efficacy and lower rates of infections during ibrutinib therapy. These data demonstrate that ibrutinib therapy increases diversification of the T cell compartment in CLL patients, which contributes to cellular immune reconstitution.
A Rare Case of Fusobacterium necrophorum Liver Abscesses
Authors: Hannoodi Faris , Sabbagh Hussam , Kulairi Zain , Kumar Sarwan
Published: January 2017

Liver abscesses are an uncommon disease that can present with vague symptoms. Fusobacterium necrophorum causing liver abscesses is a rare condition and only a few cases have been reported. An 88-year-old female presented to her primary care physician with one week of fevers, night sweats, chills, fatigue and vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She denied nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed two liver abscesses in the right lobe as well as extensive diverticulosis. Percutaneous drainage was performed and draining catheters were placed in the abscesses. Culture of the abscess fluid grew Fusobacterium necrophorum. She was treated with ceftriaxone and metronidazole as per sensitivities. Rare cases of F. necrophorum hepatic abscesses have been published. The source of infection described in reported cases included hematogenous spread from dental caries/peritonsillar abscess and those involving the gastrointestinal tract resulting from inflammation of the bowel wall or from inflamed diverticuli via the portal circulation. In one study, thirteen cases of liver abscess due to F. necrophorum were studied, and two of these cases had diverticular disease without inflammation.
Weingarten Type Surfaces in ℍ2× ℝ and 𝕊2× ℝ
Authors: Folha Abigail , Peñafiel Carlos
Published: January 2017

In this article, we study complete surfaces Σ, isometrically immersed in the product spaces ℍ2× ℝ or 𝕊2× ℝ having positive extrinsic curvature Ke. Let Kidenote the intrinsic curvature of Σ. Assume that the equation aKi+ bKe= c holds for some real constants a ≠ 0,b >0, and c. The main result of this article states that when such a surface is a topological sphere, it is rotational.
Деформированная космология Хоравы-Лифшица и стабильность статической вселенной Эйнштейна
Authors: Heydarzade Y , Khodadi M , Darabi Farhad
Published: January 2017

Стабильность статической Вселенной Эйнштейна по отношению к линейным, скалярным, векторным и тензорным возмущениям изучается в контексте деформированной космологии Хоравы-Лифшица, связанной с энтропийными силами. Получено общее условие стабильности по отношению к линейным скалярным возмущениям. С помощью этого общего условия показано, что не существует стабильной статической Вселенной Эйнштейна в случае плоской Вселенной ($k=0$). В случае больших значений параметра гравитации Хоравы-Лифшица $\omega$ в положительно искривленной Вселенной ($k>0$) для стабильности необходимо преобладание полей квинтэссенции и фантомной материи с баротропным уравнением параметра состояния $\beta<-1/3$, тогда как для отрицательно искривленной Вселенной ($k<0$) нужно, чтобы поля материи с $\beta>-1/3$ были бы преобладающими полями Вселенной. Также продемонстрирована нейтральная стабильность по отношению к векторным возмущениям. Получено неравенство, включающее космологические параметры статической Вселенной Эйнштейна, - условие стабильности относительно тензорных возмущений. Оказалось, что для больших значений $\omega$ существует стабильность по отношению к тензорным возмущениям.
Использование тригональных кривых в решеточной иерархии Блажака-Марсиньяка
Authors: Geng Xianguo , Zeng Xin
Published: January 2017

Развит метод построения алгебро-геометрических решений решеточной иерархии Блажака-Марсиньяка на основе теории тригональных кривых. Решеточная иерархия Блажака-Марсиньяка, связанная с дискретной $(3\times 3)$-матричной спектральной задачей, выводится с помощью рекуррентного уравнения Ленарда. С помощью характеристического полинома матрицы Лакса для решеточной иерархии Блажака-Марсиньяка вводится тригональная кривая с двумя бесконечными точками, с помощью которой устанавливаются соответствующие уравнения типа уравнений Дубровина. Изучаются асимптотические свойства алгебраических функций, несущих информацию о дивизоре и функциях Бейкера-Ахиезера, вблизи двух бесконечных точек на тригональной кривой. Получены алгебро-геометрические решения полной решеточной иерархии Блажака-Марсиньяка, выраженные через тета-функцию Римана.
О применениях $p$-адики в геофизике: линейная и квазилинейная диффузия водомасляной эмульсии
Authors: Oleschko Klaudia , Khrennikov Andrei Yur'evich
Published: January 2017

Обсуждаются в весьма общей постановке возможности применения $p$-адики в геофизике с использованием $p$-адического диффузионного представления основных уравнений для динамики жидкости в капиллярах в пористых средах и сформулировано несколько математических проблем, мотивированных этими применениями. Подчеркивается роль $p$-адических всплесков как мощного средства получения аналитических решений диффузионных уравнений. Так как $p$-адическая диффузия является особым случаем фрактальной диффузии, а последняя тесно связана с фрактальной структурой конфигурационного пространства, $p$-адическая геофизика может рассматриваться как новый подход к фрактальному моделированию геофизических процессов.
Нестандартные характеристики и локализованные асимптотические решения линеаризованной системы магнитной гидродинамики с малыми вязкостью и сопротивлением
Authors: Allilueva Anna Ivanovna , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: January 2017

Описаны асимптотические решения задачи Коши для линеаризованной системы магнитной гидродинамики с начальными условиями, локализованными в малой окрестности кривой или двумерной поверхности. Исследовано влияние эффекта смены кратности характеристик на такие решения. Доказана равномерная оценка остатка.
Условная центральная предельная теорема
Authors: Bulinski Alexander Vadimovich
Published: January 2017

Изучаются массивы, строки которых представляют собой наборы случайных величин, являющихся условно независимыми относительно некоторых $\sigma$-алгебр. Доказывается аналог теоремы Линдеберга-Феллера, известной для систем независимых случайных величин. Этот результат основан на теореме, доказанной D-M. Yuan, L-R. Wei, L. Lei в [19], авторы которой рассматривали последовательность случайных величин, условно независимых относительно заданной $\sigma$-алгебры. При этом их интересовала сходимость почти наверное, а наш вариант условия Линдеберга в слабой форме (вовлекающий сходимость по вероятности) является менее ограничительным. Дается применение упомянутого нового результата для массивов к расширению условий справедливости асимптотической нормальности оценок второго момента функции регрессии, предложенных в недавней статье L. Györfi, H. Walk [18].
Много ли семейств живет долго?
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir Alekseevich , Dyakonova Elena Evgen'evna
Published: January 2017

Пусть $\{ Z_{k},k=0,1,2,\ldots\} $ - критический ветвящийся процесс в случайной среде, порожденной последовательностью независимых одинаково распределенных случайных законов распределения числа потомков частиц, а $Z_{p,n}$ - число таких частиц в этом процессе в момент времени $p\le n$, каждая из которых имеет непустое потомство в момент времени $n$. Доказана теорема, описывающая при $n\to \infty $ распределение соответствующим образом нормированного процесса $\ln Z_{p,n}$ в предположении, что $Z_{n}>0$ и $p\ll n$.
Начально-краевые задачи в ограниченной области: вероятностные представления решений и предельные теоремы. I
Authors: Ibragimov Il'dar Abdullovich , Smorodina Natal'ya Vasil'evna , Faddeev Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: January 2017

В работе предложен новый способ построения вероятностного представления решения начально-краевых задач для ряда эволюционных уравнений в круге, основанный на построении специального продолжения начальной функции с круга на всю плоскость.
Предельные распределения для дважды стохастически прореженных процессов восстановления и их свойства
Authors: Korolev Viktor Yur'evich
Published: January 2017

В статье доказана предельная теорема для дважды стохастически прореженных процессов восстановления. Показано, что при достаточно общих условиях в качестве предельных законов в предельных теоремах для смешанных геометрических случайных сумм возникают смешанные показательные и смешанные лапласовские распределения. Приведен обзор как известных, так и новых общих свойств таких распределений. Также описаны некоторые неочевидные свойства отдельных представителей указанных классов, в частности, распределений Вейбулла, Миттаг-Леффлера, Линника и других.
Многоуровневый подход к обнаружению разладок
Authors: Suvorikova Aleksandra Leonidovna , Spokoiny Vladimir Grigor'evich
Published: January 2017

В данной работе предлагается многоуровневый метод обнаружения разладок. Алгоритм оценивает LR-тест (likelihood ratio) одновременно в скользящих окнах разных размеров. Многоуровневость делает процедуру адаптивной к разладкам различной величины. Калибровка критических значений осуществляется с помощью бутстрепа (multiplier bootstrap). Такой подход позволяет довольно точно оценивать неасимптотическое распределение тестовой статистики не используя информацию об истинном распределении наблюдаемых данных.
О характеризации гауссовских операторов перехода
Authors: Holevo Alexander Semenovich
Published: January 2017

В этой статье приводится развернутое доказательство характеризации операторов перехода, отображающих множество гауссовских вероятностных мер в себя. Дается также характеризация интегральных операторов, отображающих в себя множество ненормированных гауссовских мер.
О минимаксной оптимальности CUSUM-статистики в задачах о разладке для броуновского движения
Authors: Shiryaev Albert Nikolaevich
Published: January 2017

CUSUM-статистика (CUmulative SUM statistic, статистика кумулятивных сумм) является естественным обобщением понятия отношения правдоподобия. Давно было замечено, что эта статистика обладает многими замечательными свойствами, полезными при эмпирическом анализе статистических данных. В настоящей работе рассматривается минимаксный критерий Г. Лордена в задачах скорейшего обнаружения разладки, состоящей в изменении сноса у броуновского движения в неизвестный ненаблюдаемый момент. Приводится доказательство оптимальности CUSUM-статистики для этого минимаксного критерия.
Morfogeneza slepe doline Brdanska dana
Authors: Kozamernik Erika
Published: January 2017

Slepa dolina Brdanska dana se nahaja na južnem robu Brkinov, kjer se ti stikajo s kraškim ravnikom Matarskega podolja. Na preučevanem območju se prepletajo značilnosti fluvialnega ter kraškega geomorfnega sistema, kar se kaže v veliki pestrosti reliefnih oblik in procesov. V okviru te raziskave je bila opravljena geomorfološka analiza preučevanega območja. Na podlagi morfografskih, morfometričnih in granulometričnih podatkov smo preučili glavne geomorfološke značilnosti, funkcijo in razvoj te slepe doline.
Ob osemdesetletnici zaslužnega rednega prof. dr., dr. h. c. Mirka Paka
Authors: Rebernik Dejan
Published: January 2017

Slavljenca dr. Mirka Paka, ki je 12. novembra 2016 dopolnil osemdeset let, širši geografski javnosti verjetno ni potrebno podrobno predstavljati. S svojim pedagoškim, znanstveno-raziskovalnim, strokovnim in društvenim delovanjem se je uveljavil kot eden vodilnih slovenskih urbanih, socialnih in regionalnih geografov. Odlikuje se z izjemno bogato bibliografijo in mednarodno znanstveno-raziskovalno dejavnostjo. Njegov znanstveni opus obsega več kot 150 znanstvenih razprav, predvsem s področja urbane, socialne in regionalne geografije.
Are precipitation anomalies associated with aerosol variations over Eastern China?
Authors: Xu Xiangde , Guo Xueliang , Zhao Tianliang , An Xingqin , Zhao Yang , Quan Jiannong , Mao Fei , Gao Yang , Cheng Xinghong , Zhu Wenhui , Wang Yinjun
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In Eastern China (EC), strong anthropogenic emissions deteriorate the atmospheric environment harbored by the upstream Tibetan and Loess Plateaus, building a south-north zonal distribution of high anthropogenic aerosols. This research analyzed the interannual variability of precipitations with different intensities in the EC region from 1961 to 2010. We found that the frequency of light rain significantly decreased and the occurrence of rainstorm, especially the extraordinary rainstorm significantly increased over the recent decades. The extreme precipitation events presented the same interannual variability pattern with the frequent haze events. Moreover, the extreme rainfall events of various intensities showed a regular interannual variability trend. During the 1980s, the regional precipitation trends in EC showed an obvious "transform" from more light rain to more extreme rainstorms. The running correlation analysis of interdecadal variation further verified that the correlation between the increasing aerosol emissions and the frequency of abnormal precipitation events tended to be more significant in the EC. The correlation between atmospheric visibility and low cloud amounts, which are both closely related with aerosol concentrations, had a spatial distribution of "northern positive and southern negative" pattern, and the spatial distribution of the frequency variability of regional rainstorms was "southern positive and northern negative". After the 1990s, the visibility in summer season deteriorated more remarkably than other seasons, and the light rain frequency decreased obviously while the rainstorm and extraordinary heavy rainfall occurred more frequently. There were significant differences in the interdecadal variation trends in light rain and rainstorm events between the high aerosol concentration areas in the EC and the relatively "clean area" in western China. The aircraft measurements over the EC confirmed that the diameters of cloud droplets decreased under high aerosol concentration condition, thereby inhibiting weak precipitation process.
Brown carbon absorption in the red and near infrared spectral region
Authors: Hoffer András , Tóth Ádám , Pósfai Mihály , Chung Chul Eddy , Gelencsér András
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Black carbon aerosols (BC) have been conventionally assumed to be the only light-absorbing carbonaceous particles in the red and near-infrared spectral regions of solar radiation in the atmosphere. Here we report that contrary to the conventional belief tar balls (a specific type of organic aerosol particles from biomass burning) do absorb red and near infrared radiation significantly. Tar balls were produced in a laboratory experiment and their chemical and optical properties were measured. The absorption of these particles in the range between 470 and 950 nm was measured with an aethalometer which is widely used to measure atmospheric aerosol absorption. We find that the absorption coefficient of tar balls at 880 nm is more than 10 % of that at 470 nm. The considerable absorption of red and infrared light by tar balls also follows from their relatively low absorption Ångström coefficient (and significant mass absorption coefficient) in the spectral range between 470 and 950 nm. Our results support previous finding that tar balls may play an important role in global warming. Due to the non-negligible absorption of tar balls in the infrared region the absorption measured in the field at higher wavelengths may not solely due to soot particles.
An empirical QPE method based on polarimetric variable adjustments
Authors: Yoon Jungsoo , Park Jong-Sook , Kim Hae-Lim , Suk Mi-Kyung , Nam Kyung-Yeub
Published: January 2017

Abstract. This study presents an empirical method for optimizing polarimetric variables in order to improve the accuracy of dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation using data derived from radars operated by different agencies. The empirical method was developed using the Yong-In Testbed (YIT) radar operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The method is based on the determination of relations between polarimetric variables. Relations for Z – ZDR and Z – KDP are derived from the measurements of a two-dimensional video disdrometer installed about 30 km away from the YIT radar. These relations were used to adjust the polarimetric variables of the dual-polarization constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) at a height of 1.5 km. The CAPPI data with the adjusted polarimetric variables were used to estimate rainfalls using three different radar rainfall estimation algorithms. The first algorithm is based on Z, the second on Z and ZDR, and the third on Z, ZDR, and KDP. The accuracy of the radar-estimated rainfall was then assessed using raingauge observations. Three rainfall events with more than 40 mm of maximum hourly rainfall were shown to have the best estimation when the method using Z, ZDR, and KDP was used. However, stratiform precipitation events were better estimated by the algorithm using Z and ZDR. The method was also applied to the data of three radars that belong to KMA and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The evaluation was done for six months (May–October) in 2015. The results show an improvement in radar rainfall estimation accuracy for stratiform, frontal, and convective precipitation from approximately 50 % to 70 %.
On the non-stationarity of hydrological response in anthropogenically unaffected catchments: an Australian perspective
Authors: Ajami Hoori , Sharma Ashish , Band Lawrence E. , Evans Jason P. , Tuteja Narendra K. , Amirthanathan Gnanathikkam E. , Bari Mohammed A.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to impact the terrestrial hydrologic cycle through changes in radiative forcings and plant physiological and structural responses. Here, we investigate the nature and frequency of non-stationary hydrological response as evidenced through water balance studies over 166 anthropogenically unaffected catchments in Australia. Non-stationarity of hydrologic response is investigated through analysis of long-term trend in annual runoff ratio (1984–2005). Results indicate that a significant trend (p < 0.01) in runoff ratio is evident in 20 catchments located in three main ecoregions of the continent. Runoff ratio decreased across the catchments with non-stationary hydrologic response with the exception of one catchment in northern Australia. Annual runoff ratio sensitivity to annual fractional vegetation cover was similar to or greater than sensitivity to annual precipitation in most of the catchments with non-stationary hydrologic response indicating vegetation impacts on streamflow. We use precipitation–productivity relationships as the first-order control for ecohydrologic catchment classification. A total of 12 out of 20 catchments present a positive precipitation–productivity relationship possibly enhanced by CO2 fertilization effect. In the remaining catchments, biogeochemical and edaphic factors may be impacting productivity. Results suggest vegetation dynamics should be considered in exploring causes of non-stationary hydrologic response.
Parametric resonance in the dynamics of an elliptic vortex in a periodically strained environment
Authors: Koshel Konstantin V. , Ryzhov Eugene A.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The model of an elliptic vortex evolving in a periodically strained background flow is studied in order to establish the possible unbounded regimes. Depending on the parameters of the exterior flow, there are three classical regimes of the elliptic vortex motion under constant linear deformation: (i) rotation, (ii) nutation, and (iii) infinite elongation. The phase portrait for the vortex dynamics features critical points which correspond to the stationary vortex not changing its form and orientation. We demonstrate that, given superimposed periodic oscillations to the exterior deformation, the phase space region corresponding to the elliptic critical point experiences parametric instability leading to locally unbounded dynamics of the vortex. This dynamics manifests itself as the vortex nutates along the strain axis while continuously elongating. This motion continues until nonlinear effects intervene near the region associated with the steady-state separatrix. Next, we show that, for specific values of the perturbation parameters, the parametric instability is effectively suppressed by nonlinearity in the primal parametric instability zone. The secondary zone of the parametric instability, on the contrary, produces an effective growth of the vortex's aspect ratio.
CURE CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVULCANIZED RUBBER:THE ISSUE OF LOW SCORCH
Authors: Joseph Anu Mary , George Benny , Madhusoodanan K. N. , Alex Rosamma
Published: January 2017

We investigate the reasons behind the observed low scorch during the revulcanization of devulcanized rubber. Mechanically devulcanized carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates originally cured by conventional vulcanization (CV), semiefficient vulcanization (semi EV), efficient vulcanization (EV), and peroxide systems as well as buffing dust obtained from pre-cured tread with known formulation were used. Revulcanization of these devulcanized samples using sulfur/sulfonamide system led to the following observations; irrespective of the type of sulfur cure system used for the initial vulcanization of the rubber, (i) the devulcanized samples cured without pre-vulcanization induction time and (ii) devulcanized samples prepared from peroxide vulcanized rubber cured with scorch safety. Based on the earlier reports that solvent extraction of devulcanized rubber did not improve the scorch time during revulcanization, the role of zinc bound non-extractable moieties was investigated using devulcanized rubber prepared from activator-free vulcanizates, which disproved the role of such moieties. This confirmed that the scorch reducing moieties should be attached to the rubber main chain, which can be unreacted crosslink precursors and cyclic sulfides left after the initial accelerated sulfur vulcanization of the original sample. The ability of pre-vulcanization inhibitor to induce scorch safety when devulcanized rubber is revulcanized as such, without adding any virgin rubber, proved that mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) generated from crosslink precursors is the cause of low scorch. Acetone extracted devulcanized rubber samples prepared from tetramethyl thiuramdisulfide (TMTD) cured natural rubber, which does not follow the MBT pathway when revulcanized, cured with scorch safety, which further proved the role of MBT. Based on the previous reports and our results, it is obvious that powdering of rubber vulcanizate and devulcanization processes have no role on the low process safety of these materials, but it is inherent to the initial accelerated sulfur vulcanization chemistry undergone by these materials.
Effect of a training program for promoting the mental health of nursing students in Zagazig University
Authors: Ahmed Hanem A.A. , Metwally Safaa M. , El-Maksoud Mona M. Abd
Published: January 2017

Mental health is a vital and necessary component of health. Mental health promotion creates positive environments for the good mental health and wellbeing of populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program on promoting mental health of nursing students. Aquasi-experimental design was used. A convenience sample included 130 nursing students from the nursing program at Zagazig University were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Participants completed the Thai Defense Style Questionnaire 40 (DSQ-40) and Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC-29). Prior to the implementation of training program, mean scores on both measures did not differ significantly between the intervention and control group. However there were significant differences between both groups before and after the intervention. The current findings supported the efficiency of mental health promotion program. Therefore, it is essential to conduct further structured and executive programs concerning promote mental health among the nursing students, which it is important to prepare nursing students to accomplish their experiences more effectively.
Efficacy of using Zaontz urethral stent in hypospadias repair by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale: A prospective study
Authors: Ozcan Serkan , Bagcioglu Murat , Karakan Tolga , Diri Mehmet Akif , Demirbas Arif
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The developments in hypospadias surgical techniques and materials are intended to improve surgery outcomes and patient comfort. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the Zaontz urethral stent (ZUS) (Cook Medical) on patient comfort and surgical success rates in children undergoing hypospadias surgery.Methods: A feeding tube was used to repair 46 cases of primary distal hypospadias, and ZUS (6F, 8F, and 10F in diameter) was used to repair to 31 cases of primary distal hypospadias between December 2009 and June 2011 in our clinic. ZUS was compared with the feeding tube in terms of surgical success rates and patient comfort in assessments made during postoperative periods.Results: The patients with ZUS were followed with a stent for seven days postoperatively, as were the patients with the feeding tube. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of fistula formation (p>0.05). Patient comfort was evaluated by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale on the first and third postoperative days, and a statistically significant difference was observed in favour of ZUS on the third postoperative day (p<0.05).Conclusions: Compared with a feeding tube in hypospadias repair, ZUS does not make any contribution to the urinary fistula rates. However, ZUS may have an advantage in terms of patient comfort in the postoperative followup. On the other hand, the small number of patients and the high price of the ZUS were the most important limitations. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to assess efficacy and cost.
Facile Green Synthetic Route to the Zinc Oxide (ZnONPs) Nanoparticles: Effect on Green Peach Aphid and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ghidan Alaa Y. , Al-Antary Tawfiq M. , Salem Nidá M. , Awwad Akl M.
Published: January 2017

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum peel extract in one–step reaction at room temperature. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 278 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. XRD characterized the final product as highly crystalline ZnO with sizes in the range 10-40 nm. The SEM results reveal a presence of network of randomly oriented ZnO nanoplatelets with an average size of 40 nm and thicknesses of about 8 nm. This study determined the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on green peach aphid and antibacterial activity.