bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in ill hospitalized medical patients: evidence and guidelines
Authors: Masotti Luca , Cappelli Roberto , Panigada Grazia , Landini Giancarlo , Di Napoli Mario
Published: May 2016

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in ill medical patients. Avoiding VTE is therefore of utmost importance in clinical practice. VTE prophylaxis can be assured by pharmacological strategies, such as heparinoids, unfractioned heparin, low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux or oral anticoagulants and, when these are contraindicated, by mechanical measures, such as graduated compression stockings (GCS) and/ or intermittent pneumatic compression (ICP). However, due to the lack of solid literature evidence, VTE mechanical prophylaxis is not standardized in hospitalized ill medical patients. Much recently, findings from randomized clinical trials on VTE prophylaxis in ill medical patients, such as CLOTS I in patients with stroke and LIFENOX in patients with other kind of medical diseases, seem to increase doubts and reduce certainness in this context and recommendations from guidelines don’t help in reducing confusion. Therefore the aim of this review is to focus on mechanical prophylaxis of VTE in hospitalized ill medical patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.202
Clinical and neuroradiological monitoring of patients with haemorrhagic stroke: where, how and when?
Authors: Orlandi Giovanni , Chiti Alberto
Published: May 2016

Clinical evaluation of patients with stroke, immediately followed by a neuroradiological exam (generally CT scan) is essential for the diagnosis of haemorragic stroke. First-line diagnostic work-up at Emergency Department should be performed as soon as possible after stroke onset in order to limit the consequences of the disease. In particular, cases with clotting abnormalities and/or needing surgical evaluation must be rapidly assessed and treated. Patients without indication to neurosurgery in the emergency setting show a better long-term prognosis (reduced disability/mortality) if admitted to dedicated ward (“Stroke Unit”) rather than general ward. In the acute phase of the disease, blood pressure monitoring appears essential to prevent haematoma growth, which represents a predictor of poor outcome. Nowadays, an on-going international randomized clinical trial (INTERACT 2) is testing if an aggressive reduction of blood pressure (beyond the thresholds suggested by current guidelines) may improve prognosis. Moreover, clinical and instrumental prevention, assessment and treatment of potential complications (such as hyperglicemia, cerebral oedema, seizure, deep venous thrombosis) stand for additional prognostic key-issues. On top of that, further neuroradiological evaluation (with CT, CTA, MRI/MRA and/or endovascular tecniques) in properly selected patients is helpful for the diagnosis and eventually the treatment of the underlying cause of haemorrhage. Finally, advanced neuroimaging, in addition to laboratory exams, could improve the management of patients who has haemorrhagic stroke while taking oral anticoagulants.
Hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke and its treatment during thrombolysis
Authors: Paciaroni Maurizio , Masotti Luca , Caso Valeria
Published: May 2016

Haemorrhagic transformation (HT) of brain infarction or hemorrhagic infarction is a complication of acute ischemic stroke, especially in cardioembolic stroke, and represents the most feared complication of thrombolysis. HT is a multifocal secondary bleeding into brain infarcts with innumerable foci of capillary and venular extravasation either remaining as discrete petechiae or emerging to form confluent purpura. HT is evidenced as a parenchymal area of increased density within an area of low attenuation in a typical vascular distribution on non-contrasted CT scans and is subdivided into two major categories on the basis of standardised definition: haemorrhagic infarct (HI) and parenchymal haematoma (PH). PH has been associated to poor outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Thus, its prevention, early detection and adequate treatment represent key points in the management of acute stroke.
Laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy
Authors: Nazik Hakan
Published: May 2016

Modern laparoscopic surgery is widely used throughout the world as it offers greater advantages than open procedures. The laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy has evolved over the last 20 years. Hysterectomies are performed abdominally, vaginally, laparoscopically or, more recently, with robotic assistance. Indications for a total laparoscopic hysterectomy are similar to those for total abdominal hysterectomy, and most commonly include uterine leiomyomata, pelvic organ prolapse, and abnormal uterine bleeding. When hysterectomy is going to be performed, the surgeon should decide which method is safer and more cost-effective. This paper aims to make a review of the indications, techniques and advantages of laparoscopic hysterectomy as well as the criteria to be used for appropriate patient selection.
Pharmacological control of blood hypertension and hyperglycemia in acute phase of intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Landini Giancarlo , Masotti Luca
Published: May 2016

Blood hypertension and hyperglycemia are both risk factors for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and negative prognostic factors of mortality and functional disability when occur in the acute phase of ICH. However, the intensive treatment of both these conditions has not clearly shown positive effects in reducing mortality and morbidity. Two recent clinical trials (INTERACT and ATACH) have shown that the aggressive lowering of systolic blood pressure (target 140 mmHg) may reduce the hematoma enlargement without increasing the risk of ischemic events due to lowering of the cerebral perfusion pressure, neurological deterioration, worsening of the life quality and disability. Intensive treatment of hyperglycemia has been associated to an increase of the risk of hypoglycemia with secondary increased risk of mortality. Blood pressure and glycemia should be monitored during the acute phase of ICH, but optimal strategies and targets still remain unclear.
Carcinoma della prostata: prostatectomia radicale nei pazienti over 70
Authors: Madonia Massimo , Soggia Paolo , Garau Gianmarco , Cimino Sebastiano , Morgia Giuseppe , Corbu Carlo
Published: May 2016

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers in industrialized countries and it occurs mainly in men older than 50 years. In light of a rapidly ageing population it seems certain tha increasingly many septuagenarians with significant life-expectancy will present with prostate cancer to urologist. However currently there is a lack of consensus on prostate cancer and its treatment in the cohort of men ≥ 70 years of age. Although elderly men are often recommended a watchfull waiting option based on lower life expentancy and potentially slow disease progression, recent evidences indicate suggest a potential benefit of radical prostatectomy in selected older patients. The aim of this review is to illustrate the evidences demonstrating the efficacy and safety and of radical prostatectomy in patients over 70. Also, are presented the results of a small Italian study on patients aged ≥ 70 years with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. The results show that radical prostatectomy is a safe and effective option in elderly patients, with low incidence of complications and recovery of continence in about two-thirds of patients.
De la traduction juridique à la jurilinguistique : la quête de l’équivalence
Authors: Gémar Jean-Claude
Published: May 2016

Dans un pays où règnent un bilinguisme officiel et un bijuridisme d’État, la traduction n’est jamais loin et l’opération traduisante passe alors obligatoirement par la comparaison des droits. Ces deux activités sont plus étroitement liées qu’on ne le pense. Aussi n’est-il guère étonnant que, parmi les comparatistes, on trouve des spécialistes avertis de la traduction juridique et que des traducteurs soient formés à la jurilinguistique. Le Canada s’est illustré de longue date dans ces deux domaines. En deux siècles de pratique, il a décliné toute la gamme de procédés et méthodes de traduction de ses textes juridiques. À l’origine, littérale et servile, la manière de traduire est aujourd’hui plus libre. L’équivalence – dont nous évoquons la saga – est devenue « fonctionnelle » ; la corédaction (bilingue anglais-français) est apparue dans le processus de production des lois. Mais l’équivalence des textes n’en est pas moins problématique et la question de l’interprétation du texte, traduit ou corédigé, n’est pas tranchée pour autant. En droit, l’opération traduisante requiert le savoir-faire du jurilinguiste pour produire l’équivalence « fonctionnelle » des textes, soit un rapport harmonieux entre la lettre et l’esprit du message que porte le droit. On avancera que le traducteur-jurilinguiste peut produire, au terme de son analyse, la « haute » traduction que, selon R. Sacco, seul un comparatiste peut produire.
La investigación sobre la traducción entre catalán y español: estudios traductológicos
Authors: García de Toro Cristina
Published: May 2016

Cet article constitue la deuxième partie d’une vaste recherche consacrée aux travaux sur la traduction entre le catalan et l’espagnol, aussi bien ceux qui se fondent sur la linguistique que ceux qui se basent sur l’approche traductologique. La première : « La investigación sobre la traducción entre catalán y español : estudios lingüísticos », qui abordait la recherche faite dans le domaine de la linguistique, a été publié dans un numéro antérieur. La deuxième est cet article qui s’occupe de la recherche effectuée en traductologie. Le but du premier article était d’offrir une approximation de ce champ d’étude à partir d’une approche linguistique. Le but de ce deuxième article est de compléter la cartographie de la recherche en étudiant les travaux du domaine traductologique. Les travaux se fondant sur la traductologie sont centrés sur la description des caractéristiques spécifiques de la traduction entre le catalan et l’espagnol, tout en l’intégrant dans une théorie générale de la traduction. Bien que l’intérêt pour la traduction entre le catalan et l’espagnol soit relativement jeune, nous comptons avec des approches historiques et des approches fondées sur l’enseignement de cette paire de langues. Une troisième ligne de recherche est constituée par les réflexions que la pratique de la traduction suscite dans les milieux professionnels. Donc, la structure de l’article suit ces trois approches : études historiques, études descriptives des variétés de traduction et études appliquées. Nous établirons des dénominateurs communs entre les travaux étudiés qui nous aideront à définir les voies de recherche actuelles et à ébaucher les voies futures.
Le « pari de la transition » dans la sociologie française. L’exemple de Georges Friedmann
Authors: Mattern Julien
Published: May 2016

La notion de « transition » n’est pas un concept récent. Omniprésente dans le discours prospectiviste depuis un demi-siècle, elle appartient plus largement au temps long de l’industrialisation des sociétés humaines, et joue un rôle décisif dans l’orientation théorique de bon nombre de fondateurs des sciences sociales en France (notamment Comte, Tocqueville, Durkheim). Cet article propose un retour sur l’idée classique, développée en 1950 par Georges Friedmann, d’une transition entre « milieu naturel » et « milieu technique ». Tout en ayant d’incontestables vertus descriptives, cette idée suggérait qu’il serait possible de concilier la poursuite du développement techno-scientifique, la maîtrise de la nature et la démocratie. Les évolutions récentes de nos sociétés nous invitent pour le moins à davantage de prudence, et à considérer plutôt l’usage de la notion de transition comme partie intégrante du processus de « désinhibition » face aux risques ayant contribué à nous conduire dans une impasse écologique.
Intervenir auprès des victimes d’intimidation en milieu scolaire : l’empowerment comme approche alternative
Authors: Poulin1 Marie-Michelle , Roy2 Valérie
Published: May 2016

Cet article se base sur une recension des écrits dans le cadre d’un projet d’intervention à la maîtrise en service social. Il propose une réflexion critique sur les interventions réalisées auprès de jeunes victimes d’intimidation en milieu scolaire. La recension amène à constater la concentration des objectifs des différents programmes d’intervention autour de la diminution des facteurs de risque d’être victime et de l’acquisition d’habiletés sociales. Malgré la pertinence de ces objectifs, les programmes semblent s’en tenir à une compréhension limitée, et très individuelle, de la problématique. Pour pallier ces limites, l’empowerment, qui permet une analyse des aspects macro-sociaux, est proposée comme approche alternative. Les obstacles possibles à son application en milieu scolaire viennent conclure la réflexion critique.
ABC transporters P-gp and Bcrp do not limit the brain uptake of the novel antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drug cannabidiol in mice
Authors: Brzozowska Natalia , Li Kong M. , Wang Xiao Suo , Booth Jessica , Stuart Jordyn , McGregor Iain S. , Arnold Jonathon C.
Published: May 2016

Cannabidiol (CBD) is currently being investigated as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of CNS disorders like schizophrenia and epilepsy. ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) mediate pharmacoresistance in these disorders. P-gp and Bcrp are expressed at the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reduce the brain uptake of substrate drugs including various antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. It is therefore important to assess whether CBD is prone to treatment resistance mediated by P-gp and Bcrp. Moreover, it has become common practice in the drug development of CNS agents to screen against ABC transporters to help isolate lead compounds with optimal pharmacokinetic properties. The current study aimed to assess whether P-gp and Bcrp impacts the brain transport of CBD by comparing CBD tissue concentrations in wild-type (WT) mice versus mice devoid of ABC transporter genes. P-gp knockout (Abcb1a/b−∕−), Bcrp knockout (Abcg2−∕−), combined P-gp/Bcrp knockout (Abcb1a/b−∕−Abcg2−∕−) and WT mice were injected with CBD, before brain and plasma samples were collected at various time-points. CBD results were compared with the positive control risperidone and 9-hydroxy risperidone, antipsychotic drugs that are established ABC transporter substrates. Brain and plasma concentrations of CBD were not greater in P-gp, Bcrp or P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice than WT mice. In comparison, the brain/plasma concentration ratios of risperidone and 9-hydroxy risperidone were profoundly higher in P-gp knockout mice than WT mice. These results suggest that CBD is not a substrate of P-gp or Bcrp and may be free from the complication of reduced brain uptake by these transporters. Such findings provide favorable evidence for the therapeutic development of CBD in the treatment of various CNS disorders.
On sharp vorticity gradients in elongating baroclinic eddies and their stabilization with a solid‐body rotation
Authors: Sutyrin Georgi G.
Published: May 2016

Wide compensated vortices are not able to remain circular in idealized two‐layer models unless the ocean depth is assumed to be unrealistically large. Small perturbations on both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies grow slower if a middle layer with uniform potential vorticity (PV) is added, owing to a weakening of the vertical coupling between the upper and lower layers and a reduction of the PV gradient in the deep layer. Numerical simulations show that the nonlinear development of the most unstable elliptical mode causes self‐elongation of the upper vortex core and splitting of the deep PV anomaly into two corotating parts. The emerging tripolar flow pattern in the lower layer results in self‐intensification of the fluid rotation in the water column around the vortex center. Further vortex evolution depends on the model parameters and initial conditions, which limits predictability owing to multiple equilibrium attractors existing in the dynamical system. The vortex core strips thin filaments, which roll up into submesoscale vortices to result in substantial mixing at the vortex periphery. Stirring and damping of vorticity by bottom friction are found to be essential for subsequent vortex stabilization. The development of sharp PV gradients leads to nearly solid‐body rotation inside the vortex core and formation of transport barriers at the vortex periphery. These processes have important implications for understanding the longevity of real‐ocean eddies.
Things we do not yet understand about solar driving of the radiation belts
Authors: Kessel Mona
Published: May 2016

This commentary explores how close we are to predicting the behavior of the radiations belts—the primary science objective of NASA's Van Allen Probes mission. Starting with what we know or think we know about competing sources, enhancement, transport, and loss, I walk through recent papers that have improved our understanding and then focus on flux dropouts as one particular yardstick of success. I mention a new paradigm for electrons and the importance of reliably matching models and observations for different solar inputs. Although the case for prediction remains a work in progress, there are encouraging signs of progress.
Toward reliable automated estimates of earthquake source properties from body wave spectra
Authors: Ross Zachary E. , Ben‐Zion Yehuda
Published: May 2016

We develop a two‐stage methodology for automated estimation of earthquake source properties from body wave spectra. An automated picking algorithm is used to window and calculate spectra for both P and S phases. Empirical Green's functions are stacked to minimize nongeneric source effects such as directivity and are used to deconvolve the spectra of target earthquakes for analysis. In the first stage, window lengths and frequency ranges are defined automatically from the event magnitude and used to get preliminary estimates of the P and S corner frequencies of the target event. In the second stage, the preliminary corner frequencies are used to update various parameters to increase the amount of data and overall quality of the deconvolved spectral ratios (target event over stacked Empirical Green's function). The obtained spectral ratios are used to estimate the corner frequencies, strain/stress drops, radiated seismic energy, apparent stress, and the extent of directivity for both P and S waves. The technique is applied to data generated by five small to moderate earthquakes in southern California at hundreds of stations. Four of the five earthquakes are found to have significant directivity. The developed automated procedure is suitable for systematic processing of large seismic waveform data sets with no user involvement.
A framework based on 2‐D Taylor expansion for quantifying the impacts of subpixel reflectance variance and covariance on cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals based on the bispectral method
Authors: Zhang Z. , Werner F. , Cho H.‐M. , Wind G. , Platnick S. , Ackerman A. S. , Di Girolamo L. , Marshak A. , Meyer K.
Published: May 2016

The bispectral method retrieves cloud optical thickness (τ) and cloud droplet effective radius (re) simultaneously from a pair of cloud reflectance observations, one in a visible or near‐infrared (VIS/NIR) band and the other in a shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. A cloudy pixel is usually assumed to be horizontally homogeneous in the retrieval. Ignoring subpixel variations of cloud reflectances can lead to a significant bias in the retrieved τ and re. In the literature, the retrievals of τ and re are often assumed to be independent and considered separately when investigating the impact of subpixel cloud reflectance variations on the bispectral method. As a result, the impact on τ is contributed only by the subpixel variation of VIS/NIR band reflectance and the impact on re only by the subpixel variation of SWIR band reflectance. In our new framework, we use the Taylor expansion of a two‐variable function to understand and quantify the impacts of subpixel variances of VIS/NIR and SWIR cloud reflectances and their covariance on the τ and re retrievals. This framework takes into account the fact that the retrievals are determined by both VIS/NIR and SWIR band observations in a mutually dependent way. In comparison with previous studies, it provides a more comprehensive understanding of how subpixel cloud reflectance variations impact the τ and re retrievals based on the bispectral method. In particular, our framework provides a mathematical explanation of how the subpixel variation in VIS/NIR band influences the re retrieval and why it can sometimes outweigh the influence of variations in the SWIR band and dominate the error in re retrievals, leading to a potential contribution of positive bias to the re retrieval. We test our framework using synthetic cloud fields from a large‐eddy simulation and real observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The predicted results based on our framework agree very well with the numerical simulations. Our framework can be used to estimate the retrieval uncertainty from subpixel reflectance variations in operational satellite cloud products and to help understand the differences in τ and re retrievals between two instruments.
Stimulating Acrylic Elastomers by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator – Toward Self‐Powered Electronic Skin and Artificial Muscle
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Jiang Tao , Yao Yanyan , Xu Liang , Zhao Zhenfu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2016

Dielectric elastomers are a type of actuator materials that exhibit excellent performance as artificial muscles, but a high driving voltage is required for their operation. By using the amazingly high output voltage generated from a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a thin film dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) can be directly driven by the contact‐separation motion of TENG, demonstrating a self‐powered actuation system. A TENG with a tribo surface area of 100 cm2 can induce an expansion strain of 14.5% for the DEA samples (electrode diameter of 0.6 cm) when the system works stably within the contact‐separation velocity ranging from 0.1 to 10 cm s−1. Finally, two simple prototypes of an intelligent switch and a self‐powered clamper based on the TENG and DEA are demonstrated. These results prove that the dielectric elastomer is an ideal material to work together with TENG and thereby the fabricated actuation system can potentially be applied to the field of electronic skin and soft robotics.
Tailorable Thermal Properties Through Reactive Blending Using Orthogonal Chemistries and Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Poly(1,3,5‐hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine) Networks
Authors: Fevre Mareva , Wojtecki Rudy J. , Hedrick James , García Jeannette M. , Hedrick James L.
Published: May 2016

The ability to tune both the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(1,3,5‐hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine)s (PHTs) is critical to meet the increasingly stringent demands of structural materials. To this end, PHTs are modified during the process of vitrification using a reactive blending technique. Two strategies are employed: (i) the incorporation of a monomer or oligomer that contains amino end groups that are integrated into the network via hemiaminal chemistry and (ii) the incorporation of functional monomers bearing reactive end groups capable of self‐polymerization, as well as insertion by copolymerization with the PHT‐forming reagents to form mixed networks. Both strategies produce homogeneous materials, mitigating any adverse thermal properties of the parent PHT material. Here, a deposition method bringing the PHT technology platform to more diverse, economical and large‐scale applications is also introduced. A unique layer‐by‐layer spray‐coating approach of solutions containing 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) and multifunctional amines obtained by conjugate addition to acrylates is developed, allowing for the preparation of large‐scale PHT‐polymer blend films. The ODA–PHT enables high strength and modulus of the final material, while incorporation of acrylates provide an economical approach to polymer blends with tremendous functional group diversity and will allow for recyclability under mild conditions.
Recent Progress in Well‐Controlled Synthesis of Ceria‐Based Nanocatalysts towards Enhanced Catalytic Performance
Authors: Wu Ke , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: May 2016

The unique electronic configuration and structural properties of ceria make ceria‐based nanomaterials such as morphology‐dependent ceria nanocrystals, rare earth‐doped ceria‐zirconia solid solutions and noble metal‐ceria nanocomposites effective promoters in three‐way catalysts for low‐temperature water‐gas‐shift reaction, preferential oxidation of traces of CO, the treatment of toxic auto‐mobile exhaust, etc. The activities of nanoceria catalysts can be determined by their morphologies, oxygen vacancies, interfacial structures and the type of exposed crystal surfaces, as well as the synergistic effect exhibited by nanocomposites. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art developments in the well‐controlled synthesis of ceria‐based nanocatalysts and their applications in both environmental and energy fields is summarized. The involved reaction mechanisms are also briefly introduced, and eventually an outlook in the design of novel nanoceria catalysts for valuable energy applications is addressed.
E3 Ubiquitin ligase RNF126 regulates the progression of tongue cancer
Authors: Wang Lina , Wang Xin , Zhao Yuehan , Niu Weidong , Ma Guowu , Yin Wei , Shi Chun
Published: May 2016

This study aims to analyze the role of RNF126 in the oncogenesis of tongue cancer. The cell proliferation and viability of human tongue cancer cells, SCC25 and SCC9 cells, were determined by cell counting and MTT assay, respectively. The effect of RNF126 on regulating AKT signaling pathway was analyzed through western blotting. The transplantation tumor model of nude mice was used to evaluate the tumorigenecity of RNF126. Knockdown of RNF126 inhibited the proliferation and viability of SCC9 and SCC25 cells. Inhibition of RNF126 also decreased the activity of AKT1 as well as its downstream molecules. Furthermore, RNF126 regulated the tumor volume on mice model. These data suggested that RNF126 might be related to the progression of tongue cancer through regulating AKT signaling pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN)‐Pyrochlore Diphasic Mixtures.
Authors: CHEN J. , HARMER M. P.
Published: May 2016

The detrimental pyrochlore second phase within perovskite‐type PMN is found to be present as isolated grains in the microstructure.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Ta2O5, Nb2O5, and HfO2 Alloying on the Transformability of Y2O3‐Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO2
Authors: KIM D.‐J.
Published: May 2016

(Y‐TZP).
ChemInform Abstract: Irradiation Effects on Passive Films Formed on a 304 Type Stainless Steel.
Authors: GORSE D. , RONDOT B. , DA CUNHA BELO M.
Published: May 2016

Photoelectrochemical and impedance measurements show that α‐particle irradiation (241Am) modifies the electronic structure of the oxide film on the stainless steel surface.
ChemInform Abstract: An Auger Electron Spectroscopy Study of the Fluorination of Al‐7075 Alloy.
Authors: SANIGER J. M. , COTA L.
Published: May 2016

The Al‐Zn‐Mg alloy Al‐7075 is exposed to gaseous fluorine at room temp. for 300 h. This exposure results in the formation of an aluminum fluoride layer and two sublayers consisting of fluorocarbon compounds and aluminum oxyfluoride, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Chemistry in Non‐Coordinating Solvents (CH2Cl2, CHCl3) of Nickel(II) and Nickel(III) Complexes of the Lipophilic Macrocycle 1‐Hexadecyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane. The Emphasized Role of the Anion Coordination.
Authors: DI CASA M. , FABBRIZZI L. , MARIANI M. , SEGHI B.
Published: May 2016

Ni(II) complexes of the title ligand dissolve in non‐coordinating solvents forming complex types (I) and (II) with different spin state and different color depending on the coordinating tendencies of the anions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Trifluoroacetaldehyde by Electroreduction of CF3Br in Dimethylformamide.
Authors: SIBILLE S. , PERICHON J. , CHAUSSARD J.
Published: May 2016

The diacetyl acetal (V) of the target aldehyde is obtained by electrochemical reduction of trifluoromethyl bromide (I) in excess DMF (II) and subsequent treatment with acetic anhydride (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pauson‐Khand Cycloadditions of Polymer‐Linked Substrates.
Authors: SCHORE N. E. , NAJDI S. D.
Published: May 2016

Direct covalent attachment of an alkyne to a solid support is found to improve essentially the yields in Pauson‐Khand cycloaddition reactions which are found to produce only low yields under the usual homogeneous conditions ((IV): 26%, (V): trace, (VII) and (VIII): 10%).
ChemInform Abstract: X=Y‐ZH Systems as Potential 1,3‐Dipoles. Part 25. Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyridoxal Imines of ε‐Alkenyl α‐Amino Esters. A Possible New Approach to Pyridoxal Enzyme Inhibition.
Authors: GRIGG R. , ARMSTRONG P.
Published: May 2016

The pyridoxal imines (III) undergo intramolecular cycloaddition via an intermediate azomethine ylide to the compounds (IV) on keeping at room temp. for a prolonged period of time.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of the Trianions of Acetylacetone and Acetoacetanilide and Their Reactions with Selected Electrophilic Reagents for the Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Compounds and Related Materials.
Authors: BEAM C. F. , HINES M. A. , MAZAT C. L. , DUNCAN D. C. , BECKMAN D. D. , LACHICOTTE R. J. , TUMMONS R. C. , HEINDEL N.
Published: May 2016

The trianion salt (IV), prepared by reaction of acetylacetone (I) with NaH (II) and excess LDA (III), reacts with benzophenone (V) to give the dihydroxy diketone (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reduction of 9‐Oxo‐13‐tetradecanolide and 10,10‐Dimethyl‐9‐oxo‐13‐tetradecanolide.
Authors: KELLER T. H. , WEILER L.
Published: May 2016

The stereoselectivity of the reduction of title substrates (Va) or (Vb) with NaBH4 is poor yielding the diastereomeric alcohols (VI), (VII) or (VIII), (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Montmorillonite‐Supported Borohydride: A New Reducing Agent for Reductions Under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: SARKAR A. , RAO B. R. , KONAR M. M.
Published: May 2016

The reduction of the aldehyde (Ia) and the ketones (Ib) ‐ (Ie) to give the corresponding alcohols (II) is performed using sodium borohydride either absorbed on a clay such as montmorillonite also containing a phase‐transfer catalyst or in the presence of a montmorillonite‐supported phase‐transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Reductions of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes via in situ Generated Hydridocuprates.
Authors: LIPSHUTZ B. H. , UNG C. S. , SENGUPTA S.
Published: May 2016

A hydridocuprate, generated from tributylstannane and cuprous iodide, reduces olefinic double bonds in carbonyl compounds as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Triformylmethane: An Efficient Preparation, Some Derivatives, and Spectra.
Authors: BUDESINSKY M. , FIEDLER P. , ARNOLD Z.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of bromoacetic acid (I) with dimethylformamide (II) and phosphoryl chloride yields an iminium salt which is isolated as the bisperbromide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trimethylsilyl Dienol Ethers from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: INABA T. , WATANABE S. , SAKAMOTO M. , FUJITA T.
Published: May 2016

The trimethylsilyl dienol ethers (IV) and (V) are prepared by regioselective reaction of the carboxylic acids (I) with the Grignard compound (II) and subsequent quenching with the chlorosilane (III) or by silylation of the enones (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reformatskii Reaction Using Zn/Ag Couple.
Authors: BORTOLUSSI M. , SEYDEN‐PENNE J.
Published: May 2016

The aldehydes and ketones (I) undergo Reformatskii reaction with the α‐bromocarboxylates (II) in the presence of zinc silver couple to produce the β‐hydroxy esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Trapping of Vinylcarbenes at Ambient Temperature: A Route to Functionalized Vinyl‐ and Allylidenecyclopropanes.
Authors: AL DULAYYMI J. R. , BAIRD M. S.
Published: May 2016

1,2‐Dehalogenation of the readily available tetrachloropropane (I) with MeLi leads to the cyclopropene (II) which reacts with electron‐rich and electron‐poor alkenes such as (III) via the vinylcarbene (IV) to give cyclopropanes such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenes as C3 Building Blocks: Cyclopentenols and Large Rings from 2‐Aminobicyclo(2.1.0)pentane Derivatives via Ring‐Enlargement Reactions.
Authors: FRANCK‐NEUMANN M. , MIESCH M. , KEMPF H.
Published: May 2016

Methyl 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropene‐1‐carboxylate (I) reacts with the enamines (II) or (V) to form the (2 + 2)cycloadducts (III) and (VI) which are converted to the cyclopentenols (IV) and (VII) by treatment with acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Chloride with Alkenes Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex.
Authors: KAMIGATA N. , FUKUSHIMA T. , YOSHIDA M.
Published: May 2016

The alkenes (I) react with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (II) in the presence of a ruthenium complex to give the chlorotrifluoroalkyl derivatives (III) under release of sulfur dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Monoorganozinc Halides with 3‐Iodoanthranilonitriles.
Authors: CAMPBELL J. B. JUN. , WAWERCHAK FIROR J. , DAVENPORT T. W.
Published: May 2016

3‐Iodoanthranilonitrile (I) undergoes substitution reaction with the organozinc bromides (II), generated from the corresponding Grignard or organolithium agents and zinc dibromide in the presence of a Pd(II) phosphine complex catalyst, to yield the C‐C coupling products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Anthranilonitriles by Fragmentation of Isatin Oxime Triflates.
Authors: CAMPBELL J. B. JUN. , DAVENPORT T. W.
Published: May 2016

The isatin oxime triflates (III), generated from the corresponding oximes (I), undergo base‐induced cleavage and decarboxylation, forming the o‐aminobenzonitriles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Electroreductive Hydrocoupling of Imines in an Undivided Cell.
Authors: TANAKA H. , NAKAHARA T. , DHIMANE H. , TORII S.
Published: May 2016

Electrolysis of the N‐benzylimines (Ia) and (Ib) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and lead dibromide results in the formation of the 1,2‐diamines (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to 1,2‐Dibenzoyl‐1‐arylethylenes.
Authors: MAITRA S. , SINGH R. , SINHA A. , LAHIRI S.
Published: May 2016

The (benzoylvinyl)naphthalenes (III) are prepared by condensation reaction of the aldehydes (I) with acetophenone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for Bromomethylation of Aromatics Using Phase‐Transfer Catalysis. Rapid Bishaloalkylation.
Authors: MITCHELL R. H. , IYER V. S.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the benzenes (I) and naphthalenes (VI) with 1 equivalent of 1,3,5‐trioxane (II) and 48% hydrogen bromide results in bromomethylation to produce the bromides (III) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Folding Strain Control for Remote Stereocontrol: Diastereoselectivity in the Ring Closure Reactions of 2‐(6′‐Trimethylsilylhex‐4′‐enyl)cyclohex‐2‐enones with Alkyl Groups at Various Positions in the Side Chain.
Authors: TOKOROYAMA T. , OKADA K. , IIO H.
Published: May 2016

TiCl4‐catalyzed cyclization of the silylalkenylcyclohexenones (I) gives the β‐methyl compounds (III) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Anthraquinones Using Dihydrooxazoles and Grignard Reagents Derived from Mg(Anthracene) (THF)3.
Authors: NICOLETTI T. M. , RASTON C. L. , SARGENT M. V.
Published: May 2016

In order to develop a new method to prepare anthraquinones under mild conditions to preclude the possibility of Hayashi rearrangement, the benzylbenzoic acid (III) is cyclized and oxidized to give a title compound (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Conversion of 4,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐2H‐benzopyran‐2,5(3H)‐diones into 3,5,6,7‐Tetrahydrobenzofuran‐4(2H)‐ones in Methanol.
Authors: HOBEL K. , MARGARETHA P.
Published: May 2016

The photochemical conversion of the benzopyran derivative (I) into the benzofuran derivative (IIIa) in methanol (IIa) does not ‐ as previously assumed ‐ proceed by decarbonylation of a primarily formed acylvinyloxy biradical (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Diisobutylaluminum Hydride Reduction of Unsaturated Silylcyanohydrins: A New Entry to Confertifolin.
Authors: JOMMI G. , PAGLIARIN R. , SISTI M. , TAVECCHIA P.
Published: May 2016

The α‐(phenylthiomethylene)cyclohexanones (I) are converted to the cyanohydrin silyl ethers (III) and then subjected to reduction with di‐(isobutyl)aluminum hydride, yielding the 2‐(phenylthiomethyl)cyclohexenecarbaldehydes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Lead Tetraacetate Mediated Oxidative Cyclizations of Isoquinoline Alkyl Substituted Methylene Urethanes (Enamides) to Isoquinoline Hydroxyoxazolidinones.
Authors: LENZ G. R.
Published: May 2016

The structure of the oxidation products is confirmed by the crystal structure of (IIa) (space group: P21/a, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Disilylated Compounds as Precursors of Heterocycles: A New and Easy Oxadiazole Synthesis.
Authors: RIGO B. , FASSEUR D. , CAULIEZ P. , COUTURIER D.
Published: May 2016

The diacylhydrazines (Ia) ‐ (Id) are treated with chlorotrimethylsilane (II) in refluxing triethylamine to produce mainly the O,O‐disilylated derivatives (III), together with the oxadiazoles (IVc) and (IVd) due to cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Directions of Cyclization of α‐Diazo‐β‐dithioamides. New Rearrangements of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐4‐carbothiamides.
Authors: BAKULEV V. A. , LEBEDEV A. T. , DANKOVA E. F. , MOKRUSHIN V. S. , PETROSYAN V. S.
Published: May 2016

The cyclization processes are studied of diazomalonodithioamides such as (III), (VI), (X), generated by five different methods two of which are shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 1,7‐Dithiaperylene: A New Pericondensed Weitz Type Donor.
Authors: NAKASUJI K. , ODA A. , MURATA I. , IMAEDA K. , INOKUCHI H.
Published: May 2016

The polysulfide (I) is reductively cleaved and then coupled with chloroacetic acid (II) to yield the diacid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoregulation in the Preparation of 1‐ and 3‐Monosubstituted 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b‐Octahydroindolo(2,3‐a)quinolizines.
Authors: LOUNASMAA M. , JOKELA R. , TIRKKONEN B. , TAMMINEN T.
Published: May 2016

A recently developed method is successfully applied to the preparation of the title compounds (IV)/(V), (VI)/(VII) and (X)/(XI) possessing the cis or trans relationship at C(12b)H‐C(1)H or C(12b)H‐C(3)H. Whereas direct hydrogenation of the unsaturated precursors gives mainly or exclusively the cis products, hydrogenation of the corresponding Boc analogues affords the trans products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Induced π‐Cyclization of Glycine‐Cation Equivalents to Substituted Pipecolic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: ESCH P. M. , BOSKA I. M. , HIEMSTRA H. , SPECKAMP W. N.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the E‐N‐alkenyl carbamates (I) with tin tetrachloride results in cyclization, yielding the hydroxypiperidines (II) or the chloropiperidines (III), depending on the temperature of the work‐up process.
ChemInform Abstract: Furo(3,4‐d)pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives with Antihypertensive Activity. Analogues of Thienopyrimidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: PRESS J. B. , MCNALLY J. J. , KEISER J. A. , OFFORD S. J. , KATZ L. B. , GIARDINO E. , FALOTICO R. , TOBIA A. J.
Published: May 2016

The potency of the most active title compounds (III) is similar to that of the thiophene isosters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibronchospastic Activity of Theophylline Thioacetal Derivatives.
Authors: GROSA G. , CAPUTO O. , CERUTI M. , BIGLINO G. , FRANZONE J. S. , CIRILLO R.
Published: May 2016

The antibronchospastic activity of the title compounds, e.g. (III), is tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Imidazoles: A Novel Synthesis of Imidazo(1,2‐b)(1,2,4)triazole and Imidazo(5,1‐f)(1,2,4)triazine Derivatives.
Authors: MOLINA P. , LORENZO A. , ALLER E.
Published: May 2016

The imidazotriazoles (V) are prepared from 1‐amino‐2‐methylthio‐4‐phenylimidazole (I) by coupling with isothiocyanates (II) followed by methylation and cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole Studies. Part 41. Reactivity of 3,4‐Diformyl‐2,5‐dimethylpyrrole with Diaminoalkanes. An Unusual Formation of 2‐Azafulvenes.
Authors: TAHERI S. A. N. , JONES R. A. , BADESHA S. S. , HANIA M. M.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the title pyrrole (III) with diamines leads to 2:2 and 1:1 adducts which exist predominantly in the 2‐azafulvene forms (I), (V) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Atropisomeric Sulfur Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Diastereoselective Preparation and Reactions of 2‐Benzoyldinaphto(2,1‐d:1′,2′‐f)(1,3)dithiepine and Its S‐Oxide.
Authors: DELOGU G. , DE LUCCHI O. , MAGLIOLI P.
Published: May 2016

The binaphthalenedithiol (I) reacts with the diethoxyacetophenone (II) in the presence of a Lewis acid to give the benzoyldinaphthodithiepine (III) which is reduced with lithium alanate or coupled with methylmagnesium iodide (V) to produce the alcohols (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride as a Catalyst for the Silylation of Carbonyl and Hydroxy Compounds with Ethyl Trimethylsilylacetate.
Authors: GAMBACORTA A. , TURCHETTA S. , BOTTA M.
Published: May 2016

The ketones (I) and (V) are treated with the silylacetate (II) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride on silica to form the silyl enol ethers (III) and (IV) or (VI) and (VII) with predominance of the isomer with the less substituted double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Organosilicon Compounds. Part 1. Synthesis of Chiral Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: KAYE P. T. , LEARMONTH R. A.
Published: May 2016

The chiral alcohols (I) and (VIII) are treated with one equivalent of dichlorodimethylsilane (II) to yield the chlorodimethylsilyl ethers (III) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Cyclic Carbosilanes in the Pyrolysis of Octamethyltrisilane.
Authors: BORTOLIN B. N. , DAVIDSON I. M. T. , LANCASTER D. , SIMPSON T. , WILD D. A.
Published: May 2016

The mechanism of breakdown of polysilanes is of interest because of their importance as photoresists and as potential precursors to new polycarbosilane polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiated Di‐t‐butylfluorosilylmesitylphosphane ‐ From the Phosphane to the Phosphide.
Authors: ANDRIANARISON M. , STALKE D. , KLINGEBIEL U.
Published: May 2016

The derivative (III) (P21/c, Z=4), a fluorosilylphosphide, can be interpreted as a contact ion pair.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformations of Phosphorus‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 5. The Formation of Phosphepine 1‐Oxides in the Reaction of Dihydrophosphinine 1‐Oxides with Dichlorocarbene.
Authors: KEGLEVICH G. , PETNEHAZY I. , TOEKE L. + , JANKE F. , BRLIK J. , TOTH G.
Published: May 2016

Addition of dichlorocarbene, generated from trichloromethane (III), to the chloro‐1‐methoxydihydrophosphinine oxides (I) and (II) gives a mixture of the phosphepin oxide (VI) and the phosphabicyclooctadiene oxide (VII) via the phosphabicycloheptenes (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraformyltetraselenafulvalene (TFTSeF): Synthesis and Some Uses as a Precursor of Polyfunctionalized Tetraselenafulvalenes.
Authors: SALLE M. , GORGUES A. , FABRE J.‐M. , BECHGAARD K. , JUBAULT M. , TEXIER F.
Published: May 2016

The alkyne (I) undergoes ring closure with the cyclic triselenocarbonate (II) to give the selone (III) which is dimerized by treatment with octacarbonyldicobalt, producing a mixture of the isomeric tetraselenafulvalenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mixed Diaryltin(IV) Complexes Using an Arylmercury Compound. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cyclic (Sn(2‐C6H4N=NPh)(Ph)Cl2).
Authors: VICENTE J. , CHICOTE M. T. , RAMIREZ‐DE‐ARELLANO M. C. , PELIZZI G. , VITALI F.
Published: May 2016

The transmetalation reaction between (II) and (I) leads to the synthesis of the mixed diaryltin complex (III) (space group P1 with Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (Sn(1,2‐O2C6H3NO2‐4)(C4H8O))n ‐ A Tin(II) Catechol Complex.
Authors: MACHELL J. C. , MINGOS D. M. P. , STOLBERG T. L.
Published: May 2016

The title complex, prepared from 4‐nitrocatechol and Sn(O‐Me)2 in THF and crystallizing in P1 with Z=2, has a chain polymeric structure based on distorted square‐pyramidal SnO5 moieties linked by oxygen bridges from the catechol ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium and Tin Compounds. Part 5. Reaction Pathways of Sterically Congested Stannanes.
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , SCHAEFERS K. + , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G.
Published: May 2016

The reaction products (III), obtained at different temp. in petroleum ether, both show restricted rotation about the Sn‐C(Ar) bond at 20 °C. Reductive elimination of Cl from (IIIa) yields the distannane (IV), whereas a similar reaction of (IIIb) only results in decomposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of β‐Trichlorostannyl Ketones from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Their Facile Conversion to β‐Trialkylstannyl Ketones.
Authors: NAKAHIRA H. , RYU I. , OGAWA A. , KAMBE N. , SONODA N.
Published: May 2016

Hydrotrichlorostannation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones such as (III) with HSnCl3 generated in situ from (I)·2 H2O and Me3SiCl (II) provides a convenient procedure for the preparation of β‐trichlorostannyl ketones e.g. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Protonation Reactions of Dinitrogen Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten with PMe3 as Coligand. X‐Ray Structure of the Hydrazidium Complex (WCl(NNH3)(PMe3)4)Cl2.
Authors: GALINDO A. , HILLS A. , HUGHES D. L. , RICHARDS R. L. , HUGHES M. , MASON J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the cis‐bis(dinitrogen)‐Mo complex (I) with two equiv. HCl or Me3SiI/MeOH gives the hydrazido(‐2) complexes (II) as intermediate products.
ChemInform Abstract: The Versatility of the Dihydrogenobis(1‐pyrazolyl)borate Ligand, H2B(pz)‐ 2: Novel Anionic Complexes with Chromium(II), Chromium(III), and Manganese(II). X‐Ray Structure of (AsPh4)(MnCl(H2B(pz)2)2).
Authors: DI VAIRA M. , MANI F.
Published: May 2016

New five‐coordinate, high‐spin complexes with the ligand (I) are prepared as shown in the scheme for the example of (III) ( P21/n, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of the μ(1,n)‐Alkanediyl Complexes ((OC)5M(CH2)nM(CO)5) (M: Mn, n = 4‐6; M: Re, n = 3 or 4).
Authors: MAPOLIE S. F. , MOSS J. R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (II) and (V) are synthesized either by thermal decarbonylation of the corresponding μ‐diacyl compounds e.g. (I) or, in the case of (Va), by reaction of Na(Re(CO)5) with Tf‐O‐(CH2)3‐O‐Tf (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of μ3‐Carbynecarbonyltriiron Clusters: CO Substitution, Thermolysis to μ2‐Carbyne Complexes, and Addition of Alkynes with Formation of η6‐Ferracyclopentadienone Ligands.
Authors: BUCHHOLZ D. , HUTTNER G. , IMHOF W. , ZSOLNAI L. , GUENAUER D. +
Published: May 2016

The carbyne cluster (II) undergoes thermolysis with loss of one Fe(CO)3 group to give the μ2‐carbynediiron compound (I) (space group Pna21, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Piano‐Stool Acylcyclopentadienyl Iron Complexes: Photolytic Syntheses and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (Fe(η5‐C5H4COMe)(dppe)(NCMe))PF6.
Authors: RUIZ J. , GONZALEZ M. A. , ROMAN E. , GARLAND M. T.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (IIIb) and (IIIc) are prepared in the presence of other two‐electron ligands in solvent mixtures of low electron donicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of a Carboxylate‐Bridged Tetraazamacrocyclic Complex of Cobalt(III).
Authors: DELDONNO T. A. , MATSUMOTO N. , BUSCH D. H. , ALCOCK N. W.
Published: May 2016

A new macrocyclic ligand, containing a carefully selected pendant group and the title Co(III) complex (VIII) of it are prepared.