bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does kangaroo mother care have an impact on morbidity, mortality and duration of hospital stay of newly born low birth weight babies?
Authors: Margekar Purnima , Parekh Premlata , Margekar Shubha Laxmi
Published: January 2021

Background: Preterm and low birth weight infants are more likely to experience neonatal morbidity including acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, immunologic, hearing and vision problems than both term and normal weight infants who survive the neonatal period. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on morbidity and mortality of new-borns and duration of hospital stay.Methods: A prospective case control study over a 12 month period was conducted from August 2013 to August 2014 on 50 new-borns weighing less than 1.8 kg. The primary outcome variable was “weight gain”. Secondary measures included morbidity, mortality and duration of hospitalization. Observations were recorded in a proforma specially designed for the study. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: The hospital stay was less amongst neonates who received KMC. Twenty four (48%) out of 50 were discharged within 10 days, another 24 within 11 to 20 days. Neonates who did not received KMC, majority i.e. 27 of the neonates were in the ICU for 11-20 days. There were 3 neonates who stayed beyond 1 month.Conclusions: The study showed that KMC is useful method of caring VLBW baby in respect of early weight gain and decrease morbidity, mortality and hospital stay in our set up. However, there are still insufficient evidences to recommend its routine use in VLBW babies in our country. Well-designed large randomized controlled trail of this intervention are needed.
Association of blood group with severity of dengue in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: P. Chandrakala , G. S. Krithika , S. Bhavya
Published: January 2021

Background: The dengue viruses belong to the family of Flaviviridae family and are arboviruses. One of the genetic factors influencing the severity is HLA antigen and ABO blood group.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted during July 2018 to May 2019 in the department of pediatrics of KIMS hospital, Bengaluru. Children between 0-18 years of age were included. The dengue serology, hemogram and blood group of these patients was investigated and compared with the severity of illness.Results: It was found that the distribution of blood groups among cases and controls were similar. However blood group O was slightly more susceptible to dengue infection (54%) than its distribution in general population (41%). In patients with primary infection, blood group O presented with milder forms of dengue (52.43%) as compared to distribution in general population (41.46%). A higher percentage of AB blood group presented as severe forms of dengue (11.63%) as compared with general population (7.32%). In patients with secondary infection, similar findings were observed. Interestingly, no cases of AB blood group presenting with secondary dengue had only mild symptoms and always presented with warning signs (0% incidence) or severe dengue.Conclusions: Dengue infection is prevalent in most parts of India with severe forms having high mortality. This study concludes that although the incidence of dengue fever is higher in children with blood group O, AB blood group is associated with severe forms of dengue, especially in secondary infections.
Clinical profile of hypoglycemia in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Somanathan Sayooj , Pothapregada Sriram , Varadhan Anuradha , Mathew Ruth Ann
Published: January 2021

Background: This study was conducted to study the clinical profile of hypoglycemia in newborn and to determine the prevalence of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted in NICU.Methods: All newborns admitted in NICU were examined and those with hypoglycemia (GMR<45 mg/dl) were included in the study and observed. In neonates with risk factors blood sugar was screened at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life or whenever symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia developed in any neonates and for critically sick neonates blood sugar was screened in every 6 hour in active phase of illness. Any neonates with blood glucose level less than 45 mg/dl were analysed for maternal risk factors, neonatal risk factors and course in the NICU.Results: The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 14.9% among NICU admissions. The maternal risk factors were GDM, PIH, and PROM. The neonatal risk factors were prematurity, SGA, LGA and comorbid conditions which include perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, polycythemia, shock. The common symptoms were poor feeding, lethargy, jitteriness, convulsions, irritability, hypotonia and cyanosis. Majority of the neonates required only oral feeds for correction of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: Blood glucose screening in neonates with this risk factor is mandatory as many of the neonates were asymptomatic. The importance of early initiation of breast feeding to prevent hypoglycemia should be emphasized.
Spectrum of febrile thrombocytopenia among children in a tropical country-a hospital based observational study in South India
Authors: T. Karthikraj , J. Jenish Rajma , R. V. Jeyabalaji , Kuttuva Shivani
Published: January 2021

Background: Febrile thrombocytopenia is a common reason for pediatric admission. Though infections are the major cause, noninfectious causes are not uncommon. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of thrombocytopenia as a presentation in pediatric fever cases, to analyze the various etiologies, presentations and relationship between platelet count and the severity of disease and prognosis.Methods: Retrospective observational study done by collecting data from hospital records of children admitted in Velammal Medical college hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. Children in the age group of 6 months to 15 years with fever and thrombocytopenia at admission were included in the study. Children on treatment with anti-platelet drugs, other chronic diseases and infants less than 6 months were excluded.Results: Out of 2523 fever cases admitted, 372 children fulfilled this criterion. 70% had positive dengue serology, other infectious causes were other viral hemorrhagic fevers, complicated enteric fever, scrub typhus and sepsis. The predominant non-infectious causes were hematological malignancies, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Hemolytic uremia syndrome.Conclusions: Febrile thrombocytopenia is a common clinical presentation in children in dengue endemic areas. Most viral fevers have leukopenia but presence of thrombocytopenia with warning signs like pain abdomen, vomiting or oliguria should prompt suspicion of dengue. Infections like enteric fever, scrub typhus or chikungunya may also mimic similar findings. Rarely diseases like leukemia, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Hemolytic uremic syndrome or Sepsis may also present as febrile thrombocytopenia. The need for antibiotics or blood products is very minimal.
Study of serum adiponectin levels for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications on kidney
Authors: K. V. Harish , R. Hareesh , Savith Akshatha
Published: January 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to insulin resistance caused by destruction of beta cells of pancreas. Insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients leads to hyperglycemia. Serum adiponectin is a more sensitive and specific biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy than urinary microalbuminuria.Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Akash Institute of Medical Sciences, A total 180 subjects (120 cases and 60 controls). All the subjects included after informed consent, blood samples and urine samples are collected from the all the subjects. The serum Adiponectin and was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and renal function test (RFT) was also estimated by laboratory standard methods.Results: This study was evaluated the FBS, PPBS, RFT and serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare them with healthy controls. The serum adiponectin levels more significantly elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls. The study also found that significantly elevated levels of FBS, PPBS and RFT in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls, The statistically significant levels of serum adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and when compared with the controls (p= 0.0001).Conclusions: The study suggesting that the s estimation of serum adiponectin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients useful for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Because elevated levels of serum adiponectin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, this levels are positively correlated with the FBS and PPBS.
Perception towards national health insurance scheme among enrollees of central Terai: a qualitative study
Authors: Thapa Sailendra , Acharya Puspa , Mishra Durga Khadka
Published: January 2021

Background: Out of Pocket Expenditure has always been a primary means of financing health care service in Nepal. National Health Insurance Scheme ensures universal health coverage by addressing the unregulated out-of-pocket spending and providing quality of health service.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the enrollees of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district. Focused Group Discussions were conducted among enrollees to assess the perception towards National Health Insurance Scheme. The qualitative data were analyzed as thematic analysis technique.  

Results: Perception towards National Health Insurance Scheme was categorized as perceived quality of care, perceived benefit and provider’s behavior. Respondents were fully satisfied with the premium charge. Availability of drugs was improved but the waiting time and the process of registration was lengthy and full of jargons. Most of the participants perceived that due to less number of service providers or due to inability of allocating separate provider for ensured persons, the consultation time was very less which further affects the quality of care. Enrollment Assistants were considered as primary source of information regarding the NHIS.

Conclusions: Long waiting time, difficulty during registration and less number of service providers remain challenge to receive quality of care under NHIS. Participants perceived that the benefit package under affordable premium charge is in favor of them. Addressing these factors in expansion of this program in other district might leads for success of this scheme.

 
Assessment of albumin and aspartate levels as a simple indicator of the efficacy of cryopreservation
Authors: C. S. Sushrutha , K. Sandhya , Karlwad Savitha , E. M. Elango
Published: January 2021

Background: The process of hepatocytes cryopreservation is standardised by most of the laboratories. However there is a variation with respect to the Protocols, media and equipments used amongst the laboratories. Similarly, the tests available to evaluate the efficacy also varies. They are expensive and sometimes might not measure the parameter required for a particular research study. Hence we propose a methodology to study the few basic parameters like cell viability, synthetic function of the cell and cell stability. We have also used a simple percentile calculation to know the efficacy of cryopreservation. This shall help in functional validation of the cell after cryopreservation. The same can also be used to compare the quality of hepatocytes between different batches. The objective of the study was to characterisation of the cells to determine the efficacy of cryopreservation.

Methods: Two step collagen isolation method was used to isolate the hepatocytes. Initial cell viability was calculated. A sample of cells were taken for characterisation and the remaining cells cryopreserved. The sample cells were divided into two batches one for pre cryopreservation culture and the other for post cryopreservation. The pre cryopreservation culture was done on monolayer using collagen coated 6 well plate. The other sample was placed in the cryovials for cryopreservation for 1week. After 1 week the cryopreserved cells were thawed and the post cryopreservation viability calculated, followed by post cryopreservation culture. During the process of culture (both pre cryopreservation and post cryopreservation) for 5days Albumin was measured daily and average calculated, peak Aspartate (AST) at 24 hours was recorded. The percentile difference of the obtained values between the pre cryopreservation and post cryopreservation culture was calculated.

Results: A total of 12 specimen were enrolled for the study. The mean pre cryopreservation viability of the cells was 66.58%. The post cryopreservation, viability of the cells was 36.43%. The mean difference was -30.170%. The pre cryopreservation albumin values had a mean of 150ng/ml. The post cryopreservation albumin values had a mean of 135.83ng/ml. The mean difference was -14.170ng/ml. The pre cryopreservation peak Aspartate values had a mean of 234.17 IU/ml. The post cryopreservation peak aspartate values had a mean of 230 IU/ml. The mean difference was -4.176 IU/ml.

Conclusions: This simple method can validate the cells after cryopreservation by measurement of cell viability, synthetic function of the cell and cell stability.

 
Designing and Evaluating a Decision Support System on Childhood Leukemia to Improve Medication Management
Authors: Shahmoradi Leila , Salimi Asieh , Mohammadzadeh Niloofar , Gholamzadeh Marsa
Published: January 2021

Aim: To design, develop, and evaluate a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to decrease the adverse effects of treatment in Childhood Leukemia.
Method: To achieve high accuracy, a knowledge base CDSS was designed based on the viewpoints provided by experts and clinical references. The system has the capability of medical report documentation, drug prescription, dosage determination, and displaying patients’ medical history. It is also able to eliminate the problems caused by prescription and drug dosage errors by considering the patient’s status.
Results: By documenting the patients’ medical report, the system can provide comprehensive information and precise recommendations about the future readmission and drug dosage accuracy. The system achieved 94.5% sensitivity, 93% accuracy, and 80% specificity in the evaluation phase.
Conclusion: Application of such systems in the process of prescribing drugs can improve the quality of patient care by reducing the probability of pharmaceutical errors.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentistry Students Toward Teledentistry
Authors: Alipour Jahanpour , Farsadhabibi Haleh , Karimi Afsaneh
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to determine dentistry students' views on the use of teledentistry services.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dentistry students (169 people) in Zahedan, Iran. A questionnaire was designed to obtain dentistry students' knowledge and attitudes towards teledentistry. The scores less than and more than three were considered undesirable and desirable, respectively, to interpret the results. Mean knowledge, attitude score, standard deviation, and frequency distribution were calculated. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic information, and the survey data were analyzed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test. The level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: The mean score of the research population knowledge was 2.59± 0.51. The mean score of the research population attitude was 2.53± 0.47. The results of the tests (t-test and ANOVA) performed to examine the relationships between the variables showed that there was only one relationship between the age group variable and students' knowledge.
Conclusion: The present study results showed that dentistry students' knowledge and attitude towards teledentistry was not desirable and needed more attention. Therefore, the relevant institutions must pay more attention to the necessary measures such as holding educational classes and conducting research on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of teledentistry to improve students' level of knowledge and attitude and make this technology operational and integrate it into the health environment.
Evaluation of Nursing Information System: Nurses' Perspectives
Authors: Shojaei Baghini Mahdieh , Baniasadi Narjes
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' perspectives on the nursing information system (NIS).
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 120 nurses participated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire developed based on content analysis of related literature. The questionnaire comprises 39 specific questions, and the experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire, and the instrument's reliability was calculated by Cronbach Alpha (α =0.88). Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22 using descriptive and analytic statistics.
Results: The majority of nurses (50%) believed that NIS reduces medical errors (strongly agree or agree). More than half of the participants (58%) stated that the NIS's tolerance is high (strongly agree or agree). 69% of them were satisfied with the capabilities of the NIS (strongly agree or agree).
Conclusion: According to the results, the NIS status is poor and more attention is needed in designing and developing hospital software.
Iran's National Health Information Network: Developing an Architectural Model
Authors: Mohammadpour Ali
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to develop a model for the architecture of Iran's National Health Information Network (NHIN).
Method: In this study, based on the literature review, the necessary information was obtained about the concept of the architecture of the NHIN; then, documents related to NHIN architecture in the United States and the United Kingdom were collected. In the second stage, according to the information obtained in the previous stage and considering the structure of Iran's health system, an architectural model for the NHIN of Iran was presented. Then, the Delphi technique was used to validate the proposed architecture.  
Results: The proposed architecture of the NHIN of Iran includes three dimensions of nodes or network members, ' 'member's interfaces, and finally, communication with the environment (confidentiality and security). 90% of the experts evaluated each dimension of the proposed architecture on an acceptable scale. In general,, the proposed architecture was evaluated by 90% of experts on an acceptable scale.
Conclusion: In proposing the architecture of Iran's NHIN, attention was paid to the experiences of the two leading countries, approaches to NHIN design, and the structure of Iran's health system. However, the proposed architecture is critical and can be used for the countries whose health system structure is almost similar to Iran.
NPM1 and FLT3-ITD/TKD Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Naseem Shano , Binota Jogeshwar , Varma Neelam , Virk Harpreet , Varma Subhash , Malhotra Pankaj
Published: January 2021

Background: A number of mutations have been reported to occur in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), of which NPM1 and FLT3 genes mutations are the commonest and have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Material and Methods: Molecular testing for NPM1 and FLT3 genes was performed in 92 de-novo AML patients. The frequency and characteristics of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations were analyzed.
Results: Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations were seen in 22.8% and 16.3% of patients, respectively. Amongst FLT3 mutations, FLT3-ITD mutation was seen in 8.7% cases, FLT3- TKD in 5.4%, and FLT3-ITD+TKD in 2.2% cases. Certain associations between the gene mutations and clinical characteristics were found, including in NPM1 mutated group- female preponderance, higher incidence in M4/M5 categories and decreased expression of CD34 and HLA-DR; and in FLT3-ITD mutated group- higher age of presentation, higher total leucocyte count and blast percentage.
Conclusion- AML patients with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations have differences in clinical and hematological features, which might represent their different molecular mechanism in leukemogenesis. The frequency of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations in this study was comparable to reports from Asian countries but lower than that reported from western countries. However, as the number of patients in the study was less, a larger number of patients need to be studied to corroborate these findings.
COVID-19 and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report
Authors: Darnahal Maryam , Azhdari Tehrani Hamed , Vaezi Mohammad , Haghighi Shirin
Published: January 2021

Endothelial injury by toxins, drugs, immune complexes leads to activation of coagulation cascade and thrombosis, which result in platelet consumption and red blood cell injury. These thrombotic microangiopathies can potentially injure numerous organs and result in organ dysfunction. In this case, we present the fourth reported patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with COVID-19.
Effect of Nutrition Intervention on Indices of Growth in Day Care Centers of the City of Birjand, Iran
Authors: Sasanfar Bahareh , Djazayery Abolghassem , Nahvijou Azin , Movahedi Ariyo , Asghari Seyyede Somayye , Dorosty Ahmad Reza , Minaie Mina , Abdollahi Zahra , Toorang Fatemeh
Published: January 2021

Background: Childhood malnutrition is the main risk factor for impaired mental and physical growth and several diseases and leads to premature death worldwide. Therefore, reducing childhood malnutrition is a top priority in most countries. In this regard, several studies have explored the effects of nutritional intervention on reducing childhood malnutrition, although mostly in controlled conditions and with small sample sizes. Data on community-based interventions are limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of providing hot meals at lunchtime on the growth of children in day care centers in rural areas of the city of Birjand, Iran.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Hot meals were offered for 6 months to all the children (n = 1809) in day care centers of rural Birjand. Height and weight of the children were measured before and after the intervention. Z-score indicators were calculated using WHO Anthro and Anthro plus software packages. SPSS was used for data analyses.
Results: Prevalence of wasting and stunting decreased after the intervention in both sexes. The decrease in stunting prevalence was significantly greater in boys than in girls. However, proportions of various categories of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) did not change significantly in either sex. In both sexes, weight, height, body mass index, and weight-for-age improved significantly after the intervention. The prevalence of obesity and overweight did not change after the intervention.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, providing hot food at lunchtime in day care centers can reduce wasting and stunting in children in rural regions of Birjand, Iran.
Association of Food Insecurity with Nutrition Status, Food Diversity and Anthropometric Status in Iranian Elderlies: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hosseinpour Sanaz , Dorosty Ahmad Reza , Djazayery Abolghassem
Published: January 2021

Background: Health and nutritional issues of the elderly are different from other age groups. The results of studies cannot be compared and concluded, because these studies have different operational definitions, such as considering food quality rather than the amount of food intake and also limiting some causes of food insecurity in the analysis and the presentation of results in others. Therefore, we investigated the effects of food insecurity on food diversity and the nutritional and anthropometric status of the elderly in Tehran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 elderly residents in Tehran, with a mean age of 67.5 ± 5.74. Food insecurity was evaluated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The nutritional status and health of the elderlies were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Waist circumference, weight, and height were measured and BMI was calculated. All statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS.
Results: The prevalence of malnourishment was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the severely food-insecure group (62.5%). A significant inverse relationship was observed between the HFIAS scores and weight (β = -4.38, p < 0.001), body mass index (β = -1.46, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = -3.37, p = 0.002), and dietary diversity score (DDS) (β = -0.738, p < 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant relationship between HFIAS and MNA scores (β = 0.486, p < 0.001). Participants in the food-insecure group had a greater risk of developing malnourishment (OR, 16.45; 95% CI, 8.55-31.66) and having poor dietary diversity (OR, 7.42; 95% CI, 2.87-19.16) compared with the food-secure group.
Conclusion: After adjusting for possible confounding factors, we found that food insecurity was associated with MNA score. We also found an inverse association between food insecurity and socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, and dietary diversity.
Assessment of Training of Community Pharmacists towards the Prevention of COVID-19 in a North Central State of Nigeria
Authors: Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika , Fakayode Oluwatosin Enoch , Arigidi Stephen , Olanrewaju Barakat Olatayo
Published: January 2021

Background: Community pharmacists (CPs) are key providers of basic healthcare in communities, and barriers that may hinder enormous results in their role during the COVID-19 pandemic should be addressed. We conducted a training on the strategies for strengthening the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) among CPs.
Methods: Participants were 31 CPs in Ilorin, Kwara State. A quasi-experimental, before-and-after study was carried out. Data were captured using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections; the first contained sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, and years of practice. The second section contained eight questions used to assess the knowledge of the respondents, each was assigned a score of “1” and the total obtainable score was “8”. The third section identified the role of CPs in the prevention of COVID-19.
Results: The mean age of the 31 CPs who participated in the training was 49.5 ± 13.7 years, and 18 (58.1%) were males. The mean pre-test IPC training score was 4.968±1.329, while the mean post-test IPC training score was 5.323±1.077, (t=-1.611, p=0.118). All respondents identified that CPs had roles in the prevention of COVID-19. Among them, 27 (87.1%) identified community health awareness campaigns as their main role in the prevention of COVID-19. Regarding years of practice, 6 (35.3%) respondents with less than 20 years had COVID-19 IPC knowledge gain compared to 10 (71.4%) others with more than 20 and above years of practice (P=0.04).
Conclusion: The training achieved its short-term objective. There is a need to for supervisory visits on the CPs at their place of practice to ensure knowledge acquired is put to the best use.
Characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Marker in the Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus
Authors: Wang Quanhe , Cheng Lei , Tian Haifeng , Dong Xiaoli , Xiao Hanbing , Hu Qiaomu , Chang Yumei
Published: January 2021

Background: Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus is called “baby fish” in China. Due to its palatability and nutritional value, it was widely cultured in China. The current study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the farmed A. davidianus. Methods: 30 salamanders were collected from farm and DNA was extracted. Thirty contigs potentially containing SNPs were selected from the previously developed RAD-seq library. The primer was designed and PCR was performed, than the products was sequenced from different direction. At last the sequences were analyzed using the vector NTI 10. Result: 5824bp high-quality sequences embodied in 16 contigs were sequenced and eighty SNP loci were identified which each SNP locus exhibited bi-alleles. The effective allele number from 1.03 to 2.00 and the minor allele frequency was 0.017 to 0.500. The expected heterozygosity was from 0.0333 to 0.5091 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.0333 to 1.0000. Sixty-six of the 80 loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P less than 0.05). The results provide useful genomic resources to evaluate the genetic diversity of A. davidianus for conservation and aquaculture.
Outbreak of Leaf Miner and Root Knot Nematode-wilt Disease Complex on Cucumber- A New Threat under Protected Cultivation in District Gurugram Haryana
Authors: Singh Neetu , Jat Manoj Kumar , Singh Bharat
Published: January 2021

Background: Crops are constantly exposed to various organisms feeding on above and belowground parts under both natural and protected conditions. As compare to open field, the warm and humid conditions besides abundant food under protected conditions provide a stable environment for pest and disease development either alone or together. However, the natural enemies i.e. predators, parasites and parasitoids that keep pests and pathogens under control naturally are not present under protected environment. For these possible reasons, pest and pathogens often develop in polyhouses more rapidly and with greater severity than open fields.Methods: A polyhouses study was carried out during last two months June and July in Patudi block of district Gurugram, Haryana where growers are facing failure of cucumber crop due to outbreak of insect pests- disease complexes on common host cucumber. On closer observation, symptoms of leaf miner as mining lines on leaves and galls or knots on roots the symptoms of root knot nematode were encountered. Further detailed lab based investigation were carried out on affected cucumber plant and root samples with the objective for isolation and identification of both pests and pathogens. For leaf miner morphological identification, the pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined by leaf miner is one of the diagnostic key are useful to determine the species and instar of the leaf miner. However, Sieving and decantation method for nematode isolation and soil dilution method for fungal isolation were carried out and followed by morphological identification. Result: Two types of herbivore i.e. leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on aerial parts while root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and wilt causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were identified on the basis of their specific morphological characters. Galled roots of cucumber were affected by combined attack of vascular bundle feeders, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and wilt causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum identified in both soil and root samples. This kind of field report on cucumber crop under protected cultivation has not been reported so far in which three types of pest and pathogens are feeding on the same host. Poly houses or ‘hot spots’ are selected for detailed investigation especially for growers’ friendly management in addition to interaction studies of upper and lower ground herbivores on cucumber crops.
Neem Coated Urea (NCU), An Efficient Nitrogen Source for Paddy Cultivation: A Review
Authors: Meena Ashvin Kumar , Meena R.N. , Choudhary Kartikeya , Devedee Anoop Kumar , Meena Kamlesh
Published: January 2021

Green revolution dramatically change the nitrogen application in paddy cultivation and day by day its demand increased but excessive and imbalanced use of nitrogen fertilizer has raised certain global concerns, also its low nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen is required in huge amounts for rice and supply of N in the right amount, at the right rate and at right time throughout the growing season is most important to increase the yield. Approximately 90% of the N-fertilizer applied worldwide is in the NH4+ form, which is rapidly oxidized to NO3- by soil nitrifier bacteria. Whereas, NCU temporarily delays the bacterial oxidation of the ammonium-nitrogen by depressing over a certain period of time the activity of Nitrosomonas bacteria in the soil. So far more than 75 studies have been conducted to study the performance of NCU in increasing the yield of rice and several other crops. In rice more than 30% of the urea consumed in India is applied, the mean increase in grain yield by replacing urea with NCU is 5 to 6%. NCU has been observed to improve nitrogen use efficiency and subsequently grain yield of rice. Possibly, applying NCU following the site-specific nutrient management principles will lead to paddy production of higher levels as observed with ordinary urea but with lower fertilizer application rates.
Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation in Direct Seeded Rice: A Review
Authors: Porpavai S. , Yogeswari D.
Published: January 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is on important cereal food for more than half of the global population. Rice is a major user of fresh water accounting for approximately 50 percent of the total diverted fresh water in Asia. Due to water scarcity and huge hike in labour wage rates, direct seeded rice offers an attractive alternative for future rice production. Thus there is a need to explore alternate techniques that can sustain rice production and are resource conservative. Direct sowing of rice refers to the process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown in the field rather than transplanting seedlings from the nursery. Direct seeded rice provides an opportunity for earlier crop establishment to make better use of early season rainfall and to increase cropping area. Effect of AWD on direct seeded rice is presented in this review paper. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology as it uses less water with high efficiency, incurs low labour expenses and is conducive to mechanization. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation increased water use efficiency and water productivity of rice.
White Rust Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze, 1797 in Horseradish Crops (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. and Scherb., 1800) in the South of the Far East and Measures to Control it
Authors: Matsishina N.V. , Volkov D.I. , Fisenko P.V. , Boginskaya N.G. , Sobko O.A. , Gisuk A.A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Horseradish is a valuable agricultural crop with gastronomic and medical significance. It contains mono- and polysaccharides, protein compounds and organic acids, minerals and starch, as well as a rich vitamin complex. Unfortunately, horseradish diseases are still insufficiently studied, while crop losses from them can be quite significant. The purpose of our study was to determine the composition of pathogenic fungi on horseradish Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B.Mey. and Scherb. and to develop measures to combat them. Methods: The research was carried out on horseradish “Atlant” varieties in the plantings of the of FSBSI “Far East Federal Research Center of agrobiotechnology n.a. A.K. Chaika” at 2019-2020. Studies of phytopathogens were carried out in the field conditions and in vitro. Microscopy was performed using Levenhuk D740T, 5,1 MP. Lifelong injuries photofixation was performed using Sony SAL1855. Processing of the microscopy results was carried out using Outfi, PluriIQ, CellProfiler software. In the experiment to study the agent fungicidal efficacy against horseradish diseases, we used: Acrobat WG, Bravo SC, Zummer SC, Consento SC, Infinito SC, Topaz EW, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG, Rajok EW, Proton Extra RG, Ridomil Gold MZ RG. The agents were diluted in doses of 10%, 30% and 70% of the recommended dose, the index of conidia occurrence was calculated, phytotoxicity was carried out. Result: For five iterations, the greatest fungicidal activity was demonstrated by the Acrobat WG, Topaz EW and Proton Extra WG agents. The maximum effectiveness was observed for the agent Ridomil Gold MZ WG. The lowest efficiency was shown by the Infinito SC, Consento SC, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG agents. No phytotoxic effect was found in any of the agents.
DIVERSIDAD FITOPLANCTÓNICA DE EMBALSES CONTINENTALES DEL VALLE DEL YAQUI
Authors: Ochoa Meza Alba Rocío , Galindo Félix Julia Icela , Juárez Moreno Dalila María
Published: January 2021

Las microalgas ofrecen un área de creciente explotación por las múltiples aplicaciones en la industria de cosméticos, alimentos, agronomía, farmacéutica, tecnologías verdes, entre otras. En Sonora, en el ambiente dulceacuícola, los trabajos relacionados a la diversidad de microalgas son escasos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es, catalogar las principales microalgas dulceacuícolas susceptibles de cultivo del Valle del Yaqui. Para la obtención de las muestras, se realizaron colectas trimestrales en siete puntos aledaños a la presa Álvaro Obregón (El Oviáchic) el río Yaqui y canales ramales. Las muestras fueron aisladas, escaladas a 250 ml, e identificadas por consulta bibliográfica; siendo los géneros Scenedesmus, Tetradesmus, Clorococcum, Cosmarium, Pediastrum y Fragilaria los más dominantes. Solamente con Scenedesmus, se lograron aislamientos y producción masiva en laboratorio. Esto marca la pauta para continuar con las investigaciones en los procesos de aislamiento de microalgas dulceacuícolas para la región del Valle del Yaqui.
LA COOPERACIÓN EN CUENCAS TRANSFRONTERIZAS
Authors: Contreras Chablé Diana Isabel , Nava Jiménez Luzma Fabiola
Published: January 2021

El espacio drenado por la cuenca transfronteriza van más allá de las fronteras político-administrativas de los Estados. Las cuencas transfronterizas trascienden las divisiones políticas y urgen por la cooperación entre los actores de las naciones que las comparten. El objetivo de este texto es identificar las áreas de oportunidad para la cooperación en la cuenca transfronteriza del río Usumacinta. Después de una revisión no exhaustiva de documentos internacionales relacionados con la cooperación en cuencas transfronterizas, se propone la actualización y adaptación del tratado de límites entre México y Guatemala para favorecer una armoniosa visión de la cuenca del Usumacinta que permita garantizar la provisión de beneficios derivados del recurso en agua y compartir información cuantitativa y cualitativa de la cuenca. Argumentamos que, la escasa voluntad política de las autoridades correspondientes ha obstaculizado la coordinación "vis-à-vis" frente a los desafíos impuestos por este espacio hídrico compartido.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL VIENTO EN VILLAHERMOSA, TABASCO EN EL PERÍODO 2008-2018
Authors: Gomez Esteban Gabriel , Andrade Velázquez Mercedes
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo se enfoca en la caracterización de los vientos que cruzan la ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco, mediante el análisis de rosas de vientos en el período de estudio 2008-2018. Se analizaron las gráficas anuales y trimestrales de los datos obtenidos de la Comisión Nacional del Agua. Los resultados muestran que la dirección dominante de los vientos es del Este, lo cual se asocia al Jet de bajo nivel presente a lo largo del año. Los vientos secundarios son asociados a los diferentes fenómenos que predominan en el Golfo de México como es el caso de los Vientos Alisios y Nortes en invierno, mientras que, para el verano, los componentes se asocian a fenómenos de las Ondas del Este. Por otro lado, el estudio muestra que la actividad de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur puede influir en la presencia de otros componentes.
Um estudo com autoridades de monitoramento do sistema eletrônico do serviço de informação ao cidadão (e-sic)
Authors: Morais Luciana de , Paiva Eliane Bezerra
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Considerado atributo de uma sociedade contemporânea mais democrática, igualitária e justa, o acesso à informação é um direito constitucionalmente garantido a todo cidadão.  Objetivo: Assim, este estudo foi realizado com profissionais vinculados ao Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC), objetivando conhecer o perfil do (a) gestor (a) desse serviço, bem como sua satisfação em relação ao desempenho de suas funções profissionais nesse ambiente de trabalho. Metodologia: Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa caracteriza-se por sua natureza, predominantemente, qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários. Resultados: Entre os objetivos alcançados na pesquisa, destaca-se o perfil dos profissionais responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do e-SIC: a maioria tem entre 41 e 50 anos, é do sexo feminino, pertence a diferentes profissões, como, por exemplo, advogado e delegado, e atua de um a dois anos nesse ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: Verificou-se, também, que, apesar das barreiras encontradas, os (as) gestores (as) do e-SIC desempenham suas funções satisfatoriamente e consideram o Sistema como uma ferramenta de poder entre a sociedade e o setor público, o que possibilita mais controle e comunicação social e contribui significativamente com a população.
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of the Northern City Agglomeration 
Authors: Kozhevnikov Aleksandr , Kosyakov Dmitry , Falev Danil , Sypalov Sergey , Kozhevnikova Irina
Published: January 2021

The 13 priority PAHs were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in snow samples collected at 46 the crossroads of a large city in northern Europe - Arkhangelsk. The HPLC analysis revealed that the range of Σ13PAH concentrations detected in snow. The average, maximum and minimum values were respectively 167.7; 664.5 and 16.0 ng / kg snow. The average toxic equivalent quantity varied is 3.6 ng / kg, which is three times less than the established maximum permissible concentration. The sources of pollution origin were assessed using PAHs markers. The urban agglomeration of Arkhangelsk is not contaminated with anthropogenic PAHs. The markers identified pyrogenic sources of emission. Regression analysis was carried out to find correlations between the presence of benzo(a)pyrene and other PAHs in snow samples. We found that benzo(a)pyrene has a very high correlation with high molecular weight PAHs and has no correlation with low molecular weight PAHs. The quality of the snow polluted is satisfactory.
Using the Biopsychosocial Model for Identifying Subgroups of Detained Juveniles at Different Risk of Re-offending in Practice: a Latent Class Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Ruigh Esther Laura de , Bouwmeester Samantha , Popma Arne , Vermeiren Robert , Domburgh Lieke van , Jansen Lucres MC
Published: January 2021

Background: Juvenile delinquents constitute a heterogeneous group, which complicates decision-making based on risk assessment. Various psychosocial factors have been used to define clinically relevant subgroups of juvenile offenders, while neurobiological variables have not yet been integrated in this context. Moreover, translation of neurobiological group differences to individual risk assessment has proven difficult. We aimed to identify clinically relevant subgroups associated with differential youth offending outcomes, based on psychosocial and neurobiological characteristics, and to test whether the resulting model can be used for risk assessment of individual cases. Methods: A group of 263 detained juveniles from juvenile justice institutions was studied. Latent class regression analysis was used to detect subgroups associated with differential offending outcome (recidivism at 12 month follow-up). As a proof of principle, it was tested in a separate group of 76 participants whether individual cases could be assigned to the identified subgroups, using a prototype ‘tool’ for calculating class membership. Results: Three subgroups were identified: a ‘high risk – externalizing’ subgroup, a ‘medium risk – adverse environment’ subgroup, and a ‘low risk – psychopathic traits’ subgroup. Within these subgroups, both autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrinological measures added differentially to the prediction of subtypes of reoffending (no, non-violent, violent). The ‘tool’ for calculating class membership correctly assigned 92.1% of participants to a class and reoffending risk. Conclusions: The LCRA approach appears to be a useful approach to integrate neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors to identify subgroups with different re-offending risk within juvenile justice institutions. This approach may be useful in the development of a biopsychosocial assessment tool and may eventually help clinicians to assign individuals to those subgroups and subsequently tailor treatment based on their re-offending risk.
Identifying Concern and Stress of Parents, Students and Teachers With the Social Distance Planning Process and Reopening of Schools During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bashirian Saeed , Barati Majid , Afshari Maryam , Mirmoini Seyede Somaye , Tagh Javad Zavar Chahar
Published: January 2021

Background: With the closure of schools as a result of the social distancing plan, the negative emotions that individuals experience became complicated. Therefore, the present study provides deep understanding of the concerns and stresses of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and their parents in Tuyserkan. Sampling was performed by purposeful sampling method with the maximum variation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collected by content analysis method. Results: In general, the majority of participants were stressed and concerned about the social distancing plan and the reopening of schools during Covid-19 pandemic. During data analysis, 74 primary codes, 13 sub-themes and 6 themes were obtained. The themes included preparing factors (knowledge), reinforcing factors, preparing factors (attitude), enabling factors, epidemiological aspects of the subject and quality of life. Conclusions: Identifying and explaining the concerns and stress of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic will help policy makers and administrators for planning and interventions related to this.