bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Gene int1 in Coliforms Isolated From Drinking Water
Authors: Chowdhury A. M. Masudul Azad , Mina Sohana Akter , Hossain A. K. M Zakir , Debnath Pabitra , Hasan Md Zahid
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic-resistance genes carried by coliforms in drinking water is a concerning issue for public health in Bangladesh. This research was carried out to identify coliforms in drinking water and to understand the importance of the int1 gene of coliforms in the spread of resistance to bacterial antibiotics through consumption of contaminated water. A total of 31 drinking water samples were collected from restaurants ( n = 18), health center ( n = 9), and residences ( n = 4) located in Chattogram City, Bangladesh. The isolation and identification of coliforms was performed on selective media with a combination of biochemical and molecular analysis. PCR amplification of the LacZ, uidA and int1 genes was carried out for the identification of the coliform and fecal coliform and antibiotic resistant gene, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with McFarland standard against three selective antibiotics including co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Of 31 drinking water samples, coliforms were detected within 32% ( n = 10) of the water samples, nine samples were collected in restaurants and one sample in a residence. But no coliform was detected in the drinking water of the health center. Among the identified coliforms, the prevalence of fecal coliforms and the int1 gene was 60% ( n = 6) and 40% ( n = 4), relatively. All isolates containing the int1 microbial-resistance gene were resistant to ampicillin.This study shows that drinking water consumed in different restaurants located in Chattogram, Bangladesh is contaminated by antibiotic-resistant gene bearing coliforms that not only increase the risk of water-borne disease, but also may be the major cause of antibiotic resistance transmission in this part of Bangladesh.
Development of a polygenic risk score to improve detection of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Wang Fudi , Ghanzouri Ilies , Leeper Nicholas J , Tsao Philip S , Ross Elsie Gyang
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet timely diagnosis is elusive. Larger genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have now provided the ability to evaluate whether genetic data, in the form of genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS), can help improve our ability to identify patients at high risk of having PAD.

Methods:

Using summary statistic data from the largest PAD GWAS from the Million Veteran Program, we developed PRSs with genome data from UK Biobank. We then evaluated the clinical utility of adding the best-performing PRS to a PAD clinical risk score.

Results:

A total of 487,320 participants (5759 PAD cases) were included in our final genetic analysis. Compared to participants in the lowest 10% of PRS, those in the highest decile had 3.1 higher odds of having PAD (95% CI, 3.06–3.21). Additionally, a PAD PRS was associated with increased risk of having coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease. The PRS significantly improved a clinical risk model (Net Reclassification Index = 0.07, p < 0.001), with most of the performance seen in downgrading risk of controls. Combining clinical and genetic data to detect risk of PAD resulted in a model with an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.75–0.77).

Conclusion:

We demonstrate that a genome-wide PRS can discriminate risk of PAD and other cardiovascular diseases. Adding a PAD PRS to clinical risk models may help improve detection of prevalent, but undiagnosed disease.
Affective academic time management in the neoliberal university: From timeliness to timelessness
Authors: Valovirta Elina , Mannevuo Mona
Published: March 2022

In this article, we discuss affective time management discourses in academia. Drawing on our experiences of time management and brain fitness trainings at a Finnish university, we examine how the use and control of time are increasingly pressing societal and political matters affecting academic work globally. Time management training resources, such as guidebooks, websites and neuroscience-inspired staff training sessions, are seen as potentially fostering harmful productivity imperatives arising from the legacy of scientific work management doctrines. We argue that time-related affects, such as guilt and time poverty, need to be taken seriously to find the sustenance, such as a sense of collectivity, to persist through these counterproductive scenarios created by neoliberalist academic management styles.
Parent agency in promoting child learning: Family perceptions of focusing on family strengths during early childhood assessment and planning practices
Authors: Keilty Bonnie , Trivette Carol M , Gillespie Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Identifying family strengths is central to early childhood practices. Moving beyond identification to exploring and explicitly applying those strengths can evolve strengths-based and family capacity-building practices. Assessment and planning processes that focus on the strategies families use to help their child learn can give agency to families in this parenting role. This exploratory study examined the perspectives of seven families who participated in an early intervention assessment-to-planning approach that sought to uncover, understand, and utilize the strategies families used to help their child learn and their appraisals of those strategies. Family responses during qualitative interviews were analyzed into three themes: (1) naturalistic observations yield naturalistic understandings, (2) practices that honor family strengths and family fit, and (3) self-discovery and self-affirmation. Implications for evolving family capacity-building approaches are discussed.
Body Fat Distribution, Adipocytokines Levels and Variability in Associated Genes and Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Garcia-Pino Guadalupe , Luna Enrique , Blanco Lourdes , Tormo María Ángeles , Mota-Zamorano Sonia , González Luz M , Azevedo Lilia , Robles Nicolás R , Gervasini Guillermo
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Body fat distribution is known to contribute to a variety of pathologies. Research Questions: We aimed to assess whether this distribution is associated with clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and to examine its relationship with leptin and adiponectin gene variants and plasma concentrations. Design: Bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed in 236 RTR. Leptin/adiponectin levels were measured by immunoassay and relevant polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes were identified. Associations were assessed by logistic regression modeling. Results: The waist-to-height ratio (WHr) displayed a significant association with delayed graft function, acute rejection and post-transplant diabetes mellitus, with OR values of 2.04 (1.02–4.08) p = 0.045; 3.08 (1.22–7.79) p = 0.017 and 2.79 (1.16–6.74) p = 0.022, respectively. Waist circumference was linked to delayed graft function [OR = 1.03 (1.01–1.05), p = 0.025] and AR [OR = 1.041 (1.01–1.07), p = 0.009]. Leptin levels were significantly higher in patients who experienced rejection [19.91 ± 23.72 versus 11.22 ± 16.42 ng/ml; OR = 1.021 (1.01–1.04), p = 0.017]. The ADIPOQ rs1501299TT genotype showed a significant association with higher WHr (0.63 ± 0.11 vs 0.59 ± 0.87 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.015) and WC values (102.3 ± 14.12 vs 96.38 ± 14.65 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.021). Conclusion: WC, and especially WHr, are associated with adverse outcomes in renal transplantation and are affected by variability in the ADIPOQ gene.
A Retrospective Study of Intrathecal Pemetrexed Combined With Systemic Therapy for Leptomeningeal Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Geng Di , Guo Qianqian , Huang Siyuan , Zhang Huixian , Guo Sanxing , Li Xingya
Published: March 2022

Objective This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical features of lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) and explore the clinical efficacy and tolerance of intrathecal pemetrexed (IP) combined with systemic antitumor therapy. Methods Thirty-four lung cancer patients (11 men, 23 women) with LM receiving IP at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed between August 2018 and December 2019. Identified cases showed either positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology or typical findings (leptomeningeal enhancement or ventricle broadening) upon imaging examination. Results Before the diagnosis of LM, 24 (70.6%) patients received EGFR-TKI therapy with or without other agents (antivascular therapy, or chemotherapy), 5 (14.7%) patients received chemotherapy, 1 (2.9%) patient received antivascular therapy, and 3 (8.8%) patients received ALK inhibitors. Fourteen (41.2%) patients did not change the systematic regimen at the beginning of IP, while 20 (58.8%) patients changed to antitumor agents. IP was administered for a median of 3 times (range, 1-12 times). The IP dose was 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 mg in 8 (23.5%), 21 (58.8%), 2 (5.9%), 2 (5.9%), and 1 (5.9%) patient, respectively. In all IP dose levels, the major adverse events were myelosuppression and elevation of hepatic aminotransferases (EHA). Grade 1/2 myelosuppression occurred in 4 (11.8%) patients. Grade 1/2 EHA also occurred in 4 (11.8%) patients. Grades 3/4 adverse events were not observed. After IP and systematic therapy, the clinical manifestations related to LM in 26 (76.5%) patients improved. In the whole cohort, the median overall survival was 20 months. The median time from the initial IP administration until death or the last follow-up was 3.5 months. Conclusions IP showed controllable toxicity and good efficacy, prolonged the survival time, and improved the quality of life when combined with tailored systemic antitumor therapy in lung cancer patients.
Effect of Levodopa Medication on Human Brain Connectome in Parkinson's Disease—A Combined Graph Theory and EEG Study
Authors: Farashi Sajjad , Khazaei Mojtaba
Published: March 2022

Background. Levodopa-based drugs are widely used for mitigating the complications induced by Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite the positive effects, several issues regarding the way that levodopa changes brain activities have remained unclear. Methods. A combined strategy using EEG data and graph theory was used for investigating how levodopa changed connectome and processing hubs of the brain during resting-state. Obtained results were subjected to ANOVA test and multiple-comparison post-hoc correction procedure. Results. Outcomes showed that graph topology was not significantly different between PD and healthy groups during the eyes-closed condition, while in the eyes-open condition, statistically significant differences were found. The main effect of levodopa medication was observed for gamma-band activity in which levodopa changed the brain connectome toward a star-like topology. Considering the beta subband of EEG data, graph leaf number increased following levodopa medication in PD patients. Enhanced brain connectivity in the gamma band and reduced beta band connections in the basal ganglia were also observed after levodopa medication. Furthermore, source localization using dipole fitting showed that levodopa suppressed the activity of collateral trigone. Conclusion. Our combined EEG and graph analysis showed that levodopa medication changed the brain connectome, especially in the high-frequency range of brain electrical activities (beta and gamma).
Artificial intelligence Internet of Things: A new paradigm of distributed sensor networks
Authors: Seng Kah Phooi , Ang Li Minn , Ngharamike Ericmoore
Published: March 2022

The advances and convergence in sensor, information processing, and communication technologies have shaped the Internet of Things of today. The rapid increase of data and service requirements brings new challenges for Internet of Thing. Emerging technologies and intelligent techniques can play a compelling role in prompting the development of intelligent architectures and services in Internet of Things to form the artificial intelligence Internet of Things. In this article, we give an introduction and review recent developments of artificial intelligence Internet of Things, the various artificial intelligence Internet of Things computational frameworks and highlight the challenges and opportunities for effective deployment of artificial intelligence Internet of Things technology to address complex problems for various applications. This article surveys the recent developments and discusses the convergence of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things from four aspects: (1) architectures, techniques, and hardware platforms for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; (2) sensors, devices, and energy approaches for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; (3) communication and networking for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; and (4) applications for artificial intelligence Internet of Things. The article also discusses the combination of smart sensors, edge computing, and software-defined networks as enabling technologies for the artificial intelligence Internet of Things.
Structure–activity relationship of an A-site-doped LaNiO3/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Wu Junxia , Miao Caimei , Mu Fenfang , Wang Xiaoyan , Bai Jie , Wang Hong
Published: March 2022

Improving the anti-carbon deposition and anti-sintering ability under the premise of maintaining high catalytic activity is the core issue of Ni-based catalysts applied in CO methanation reactions. To address this issue, a La0.75A0.25NiO3/SiO2 (A = Ce, Sr, Sm, and Ca) catalyst is prepared via a citric acid complexation method. XRD results show that the substituted elements (Sr, Sm, and Ca) enter the LaNiO3 lattice and partially replace the A-site element La. The reduced Ni0 is beneficial to improve the medium temperature activity of the catalyst. The substitution of different elements produces different electronic effects that significantly affect the size of the Ni particles and the interaction between Ni and La2O3. The catalyst with doped Ca2+ as the A-site substituted element demonstrates better adsorption, storage, and migration capabilities for oxygen due to the lattice distortion that easily produces oxygen vacancies. Catalysts doped with Sr, Sm, and Ca as the A-site substituted element produce La2O2CO3 after the reactions, which plays a role in eliminating carbon deposits.
Casa 1, a site of LGBTQ memory in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Artur de Souza , Cymbalista Renato
Published: March 2022

The NGO Casa 1 was conceived as a housing project for runaway and homeless LGBTQ youths. Launched in 2017, it has expanded into a complex that includes housing, culture, education and health services. Together with this infrastructure of care, Casa 1 has created several strategies to promote LGBTQ memory that have made it a new site of memory in São Paulo. Through field research, interviews and analysis of institutional material, this article presents the NGO’s memory strategies in four directions: memorialisation as a symbolic mechanism of gratitude, exemplarity and denunciation, and the safeguarding of a LGBTQ memory collection. We argue that, through these dimensions, Casa 1 has consolidated itself as a site of memory even considering its short existence, showing that the establishment of a site of memory is not a passive consequence of time and historical events, but can be precipitated and induced, through intensity and intentionality.
AMEERA-5: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 study of amcenestrant plus palbociclib versus letrozole plus palbociclib for previously untreated ER+/HER2– advanced breast cancer
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Cortes Javier , Hurvitz Sara A. , Delaloge Suzette , Iwata Hiroji , Shao Zhi-Ming , Kanagavel Dheepak , Cohen Patrick , Liu Qianying , Cartot-Cotton Sylvaine , Pelekanou Vasiliki , O’Shaughnessy Joyce
Published: March 2022

Background:

For estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC), the current standard first-line treatment includes an aromatase inhibitor in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor. When resistance occurs, often related to the occurrence of ESR1 mutations, selective estrogen receptor modulators or degraders (SERDs) may be used, alone or in combination regimens. Amcenestrant (SAR439859), an optimized oral SERD, has shown clinical antitumor activity in combination with palbociclib in patients with ER+/HER2– ABC and, as monotherapy, in patients with and without ESR1 mutations. Here, we describe the study design of AMEERA-5, an ongoing, prospective, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multinational study comparing the efficacy and safety of amcenestrant plus palbociclib versus letrozole plus palbociclib in patients with advanced (locoregional recurrent or metastatic) ER+/HER2– breast cancer.

Methods:

Patients are pre-/postmenopausal women and men with no prior systemic therapy for ABC. The planned enrollment is 1066 patients. Patients are randomized 1:1 to either amcenestrant 200 mg plus palbociclib 125 mg or letrozole 2.5 mg plus palbociclib 125 mg. Amcenestrant, letrozole, and their matching placebos are taken once daily continuously; palbociclib is taken once daily for 21 days, followed by 7 days off-treatment for a 28-day cycle. Treatment continues until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or decision to stop treatment. Pre-/perimenopausal women and men receive goserelin subcutaneously. Randomization is stratified by de novo metastatic disease, menopausal status, and visceral metastases. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival. The key secondary endpoint is overall survival; others are safety, pharmacokinetics, and quality of life.

Conclusions:

AMEERA-5 is evaluating the efficacy and safety of amcenestrant in combination with palbociclib as first-line therapy in pre-/postmenopausal women and men with ER+/HER2– ABC.

ClinicalTrials Identifier:

NCT04478266.
Glitch epistemologies for computational cities
Authors: Leszczynski Agnieszka , Elwood Sarah
Published: March 2022

This intervention advances glitches as epistemological vectors for apprehending and engaging the significance of digitally-mediated spatialities that appear nonperformative against normative scripts of urban computational paradigms. Drawing on two strands of contemporary thinking about glitches as systemic design features of digital systems and as generative fissures within them, we mobilize a queer orientation that stays with the generative tensions of urban spatialities that present as idiosyncratic and as interrupting. We mobilize this epistemological approach through illustrative U.S. based examples of seemingly abandoned shared e-bikes, performatively ‘ugly’ homes, and wilful property dilapidation wrought through the registers of desire and aesthetics. In so doing, we show how glitch empistemologies render visible how the technocapitalist manufacturing of normative spatial desires for particular kinds of urban sociospatialities and aesthetic visual signatures are both secured and interrupted on digitally-mediated and -mediatized terrains. Glitch epistemologies establish the significance of small-scale disorientations in digital urban mediations, engaging these nonperformativities and non-computes as unexceptional openings onto everyday possibilities for politics in computational cities.
A case of paradoxical reaction after treatment of generalized tuberculous lymphadenopathy in a peritoneal dialysis patient
Authors: Khan Farah Gul , Fan Stanley
Published: March 2022

Paradoxical reaction (also known as Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction) is a self-limited response to endotoxin released from dead bacteria after starting treatment and is characterized by constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness and exacerbation of cutaneous lesions. We report a rare case of a 55-year-old gentleman, on peritoneal dialysis, who developed fever, dizziness and cloudy dialysate after starting anti-tuberculous treatment for disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis. He was started on antibiotics for suspected peritoneal dialysis peritonitis and anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued. However, all his cultures turned out negative including peritoneal 16S ribosomal RNA. The diagnosis of paradoxical worsening following anti-tuberculosis treatment was made. His peritoneal dialysis was continued and he made full recovery after 8 months of therapy. This case highlights the fact that in a peritoneal dialysis patient, paradoxical reaction can present as cloudy dialysate with raised infective markers.
Healthcare Provider Advocacy for Primary Health Care Strengthening: A Call for Action
Authors: Kuehne Flora , Kalkman Laura , Joshi Shiv , Tun Wunna , Azeem Nishwa , Buowari Dabota Yvonne , Amugo Chioma , Kallestrup Per , Kraef Christian
Published: March 2022

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the backbone of health systems and a cornerstone of Universal Health Coverage. In 2018, political commitment to PHC, including a comprehensive approach based on essential care throughout the lifespan, integrated public health functions, and community empowerment was reaffirmed by international stakeholders in Astana. As recent events exposed weaknesses of health care systems worldwide, growing attention has been paid to strengthening PHC. While the role of care providers as health advocates has been recognized, they may lack skills, opportunities, and resources to actively engage in advocacy. Particularly for PHC providers, guidance and tools on how to advocate to strengthen PHC are scarce. In this article, we review priority policy areas for PHC strengthening with relevance for several settings and health care systems and propose approaches to empower PHC providers—physician, non-physician, or informal PHC providers—to advocate for strengthening PHC in their countries by individual or collective action. We provide initial ideas for a stepwise advocacy strategy and recommendations for practical advocacy activities. Our aim is to initiate further discussion on how to strengthen health care provider driven advocacy for PHC and to encourage advocates in the field to reflect on their opportunities for local, national, and global action.
Transnational Multilingual Families in China: Multilingualism as Commodity, Conflict, and In-Betweenness
Authors: Tang Fei , Calafato Raees
Published: March 2022

Studies on transnational multilingual families and their language planning have mostly investigated their language ideologies and practices in relation to heritage language maintenance without exploring how such families view their multilingualism and how it might affect their language planning. Most studies have also exclusively focused on the experiences of transnational multilingual families residing in Europe and North America, with those living in other regions receiving comparatively little attention. This article reports on a qualitative study involving four transnational multilingual families located in China. Data were collected via a combination of semi-structured interviews and audio/video recordings. The study investigated the extent to which the participating families’ multilingualism mediated their language planning, as well as how they related to their multilingualism in its totality. The findings revealed that the families had a complex relationship with their multilingualism and saw it as a source of opportunities but also anxiety.
Women’s Professional Career and Culture: Software Organizations in India
Authors: Mishra Deepti , Mishra Sushma , Ostrovska Sofiya
Published: March 2022

In this work, we conduct an investigation on perspectives and existing barriers for women trying to pursue a career in the Indian software industry. The study is focused on three dimensions: organizational policies and practices, workplace environment, and social-familial factors. Another goal is to compare the perception of male and female software professionals concerning the impact of these dimensions on the careers of female software professionals. The study reveals that formally organizations provide gender-neutral policies, and currently the emphasis needs to be placed on their implementation. It has been observed that, on the whole, there is a favorable work environment and unbiased attitude toward female software employees. At the same time, we conclude that, despite significant progress, hurdles - mainly coming from the society and family traditions—still exist restraining flourishing careers of women in the software sector.
The Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Fractal Market Hypothesis: Interfluves, Fusions, and Evolutions
Authors: Liu Guang , Yu Chih-Ping , Shiu Shan-Neng , Shih I-Tung
Published: March 2022

The fractal market hypothesis (FMH) is one of the frontier theories of emerging finance and nonlinear science. The relationship between the FMH and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is easy to be confused, and its guiding role in investment practice needs to be clarified. For this reason, the theoretical origin, evolution, and cross-integration of EMH and FMH were expounded in this study using the phylogenetic method. The basic work illustrated in this study could help promote the integration and development of securities investment frontier theories using a more unified analysis framework and could guide investment practice at a higher level.
Student Loan Debt, Family Support, and Reciprocity in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Mazelis Joan Maya , Kuperberg Arielle
Published: March 2022

This study explores student loans, family support, and reciprocity during the transition out of college into adulthood. We examine experiences of family financial assistance and co-living among college students and graduates with loans, and whether support and reciprocity systematically differed by loan presence. We conducted four waves of qualitative interviews with college graduates with loans at two public universities, in their senior year and annually for three years after graduation ( N=24 participants, 72 interviews), and collected two rounds of survey data with undergraduates ( N=3251) and graduates 15 months after graduation ( N=176) from the same universities. Financial support from and living with family was common. Those with loans gave more money to family, even when they did not live with them. Interviews revealed that reciprocity, or expectations to help family in return for help received, could be burdensome. Findings indicate that receiving help may prolong—but also facilitate—the transition to adulthood.
Rotational alignment of the femoral trochlea in Asians: Implication on implant choice and position for managing isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Michelle Kar Lam , Wan Samuel Yik-Cheung , Lo Kelvin Chin Hei , Hung Yuk Wah , Fan Jason Chi Ho
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Maltracking of the patella is a key contributor to early failure of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA). Native femoral trochlear morphology dictates implant rotation and patella tracking of in-lay PFA implants. This is the first study amongst Asians designed to assess the normal rotational alignment of the trochlear groove and evaluate its implication on PFA implant choice and position.

Methods

Trochlear inclination angle (TIA) was measured from 211 magnetic resonance images of Asian knees retrieved from a single centre in Hong Kong. TIA assesses rotation of the femoral trochlear groove relative to the axis perpendicular to Whiteside’s line (anteroposterior axis of the femur).

Results

The mean trochlear inclination in normal Asian knees was 11.5°  ±  2.5° (mean  ±  standard deviation) internal rotation. High-grade dysplastic knees, according to Dejour classification, were significantly more internally rotated with a mean of 12.8°  ±  3.6° (p = 0.025).

Conclusion

Trochlear inclination in Asians is comparable to Caucasians. In-lay PFA implants do not alter native pathological bony trochlear anatomy, and may result in patella maltracking in patients with high grade trochlear dysplasia or excessive trochlear inclination. These patients may benefit from on-lay implants, which allows restoration of normal trochlear inclination, as well as lateralisation and deepening of the trochlear groove. Patella tracking is however, dynamic and multi-factorial. Further clinical studies are therefore warranted to reconcile our anatomical findings with clinical outcomes.
Influence different polishing systems on roughness and colour stability of chairside CAD/CAM blocks with laminate veneer thickness
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Ergün Kunt Göknil , Koca Mehmet Faruk
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polishing systems on the colour stability of different laminate veneer blocks for chair-side CAD-CAM after ultraviolet (UV) ageing.

Methods:

About 240 sample (13 × 13 × 0.7) were prepared from four different CAD-CAM blocks IPS e.max CAD (IP), IPS Empress CAD (IE), Mark II (M) and Lava Ultimate (LU)) with A1 shade. Each group was divided into five subgroups ( n = 12) according to the control (C) and four different polishing system: Sof-Lex (S), Edenta (E), Identoflex (I) and Zircon Brite (Z). Surface roughnesses (Ra) were measured by a profilometer before and after polishing. The baseline colour values were recorded according to the CIELab system. The colour coordinates (L*, a* and b*) of the samples were measured before and after UV ageing, and colour differences (ΔE00) were calculated by using the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula. A two-way ANOVA and Tukey test methods were used to analyse the data (α = 0.05).

Results:

A significant interaction was observed between CAD-CAM blocks and polishing system ( p < 0.001). The higher Ra and colour difference was calculated in LU in the Z group after polished and the lower Ra and colour difference was calculated in the IP in the S group after polished. For the IP group, the glazing procedure showed higher Ra and ΔE values with Z group than polished S system, whereas there is no statistical differences.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that polishing with the Sof-Lex system improves significantly smoothness and colour stability. However, there is no success in using the Zircon Brite polishing system.
Posterior Glenoid Osteotomy With Capsulolabral Repair Improves Resistance Forces in a Critical Glenoid Bone Loss Model
Authors: Marcaccio Stephen E. , O’Donnel Ryan M. , Schilkowsky Rachel , Owens Meng Brett D. , Bokshan Steven L.
Published: March 2022

Background:

There is no widespread consensus on the surgical treatment of posterior shoulder instability with critical posterior glenoid bone loss.

Hypothesis:

That opening posterior glenoid wedge osteotomy with soft tissue repair would improve the resistance forces of instability when compared with soft tissue repair alone in the setting of 20% critical bone lose.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Native glenoid retroversion was measured on 9 shoulders using computed tomography (CT) scans. The humerus was potted in 90° of forward flexion and 30° of internal rotation relative to the scapula, and a posterior dislocation was performed to create a posterior capsulolabral injury model. The specimens were each taken through a fixed sequence of testing: (1) posteroinferior capsulolabral tear, (2) no glenoid bone loss with posteroinferior capsulolabral repair, (3) 20% posterior glenoid bone loss with posteroinferior capsulolabral repair, and (4) 20% glenoid bone loss with posterior glenoid opening wedge osteotomy and posteroinferior capsulolabral repair. Bone loss was created using a sagittal saw. The resultant peak forces with 1 cm of posterior translation were measured. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare mean force values.

Results:

After the initial dislocation event, all shoulders had a resultant posterior capsulolabral injury. The resulting labral injury was extended from 6- to 9-o’clock in all specimens to homogenize the extent of injury. Repairing the capsulolabral complex in the 20% posterior glenoid bone loss group did not result in a statistically significant increase in resistance force compared with the labral deficient group (34.1 vs 22.2 N; P = .068). When 20% posterior bone loss was created, the posterior glenoid osteotomy with capsulolabral repair was significantly stronger (43.8 N) than the posterior repair alone both with (34.1 N) and without (31.8 N) bone loss ( P = .008 and .045, respectively).

Conclusion:

In the setting of critical posterior glenoid bone loss, an opening wedge posterior glenoid osteotomy with capsulolabral repair improved resistance to posterior humeral translation significantly compared with capsulolabral repair alone.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of this biomechanical cadaveric study may aid in surgical planning for this complex patient population.
Impact of partial slip on the radiative conducting nanofluid flow through an expanding sheet for the interaction of heat source/sink
Authors: Behera S , Dash AK , Mishra SR
Published: March 2022

Based on the recent industrial need for the production processes the use of nanofluid is important because of its higher conductivity properties that enhance the heat transport phenomenon. Therefore, present investigation deals with the characteristics of partial-slip for the Buongirnio model nanofluid flow via a non-permeable expanding sheet. An electrically conducting fluid for the interaction of thermal radiation at prescribed surface temperature along with the Brownian and thermophoresis affecting the flow properties significantly. However, the governing PDEs (“ partial differential equations”) are get rid into their corresponding ODEs (“ ordinary differential equations”) in the nonlinear for with the suitable choice of similarity transformation. “ Adomian Decomposition Method” (ADM), an approximate analytical approach is imposed to find the solution of the distorted equations and further, parametric behavior for the contributing parameters is exhibited graphically. The conformity of the present solution with previously established result is deliberated. However, the main findings are; the slip velocity favors for the significant deceleration in the fluid momentum along with the enhanced suction parameter further, remarkable growth in t fluid temperature is rendered with the augmentation in the thermal radiation and the cross diffusion parameters such as Brownian and thermophoresis.
Critical political geographies of slow violence and resistance
Authors: Pain Rachel , Cahill Caitlin
Published: March 2022

Engaging Rob Nixon’s conceptualisation of slow violence, this special issue provides a critical framework for how we understand violence relevant to political geography. In this introduction, we highlight three key contributions of the collection that build upon and extend Nixon’s framing of slow violence. First, we attend to the spatialities of slow violence, revealing how the politics of disposability and racialised dispossession target particular people and places. Next, we foreground critical feminist and anti-racist perspectives that are largely absent in Nixon’s original account. And third, through engaging these approaches, the papers together employ an epistemological shift, uncovering hidden and multi-sited violences that prioritise the accounts of those who experience and are most affected by slow violence.
Patterns and predictors of adaptive skills in 2- to 7-year-old children with Down syndrome
Authors: Schworer Emily K. , Esbensen Anna J. , Nguyen Vivian , Bullard Lauren , Fidler Deborah J. , Daunhauer Lisa A. , Mervis Carolyn B. , Becerra Angela M. , Abbeduto Leonard , Thurman Angela John
Published: March 2022

Background

There is substantial variability in adaptive skills among individuals with Down syndrome. Few studies, however, have focused on the early developmental period or on the potential sources of variability in adaptive skills. This study characterizes adaptive skills in young children with Down syndrome and investigates child characteristics associated with adaptive skills.

Methods

Participants were 44 children with Down syndrome ranging in age from 2.50 to 7.99 years (M= 4.66 years,SD= 1.46). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3 (VABS-3) Comprehensive Interview Form was used to assess adaptive behavior in the three core domains: socialization, daily living, and communication skills. Caregivers also reported on motor skills and autism spectrum disorder symptoms. Child cognitive abilities were assessed.

Results

Analyses comparing mean standard score performance across the three VABS-3 core domains demonstrated significant differences between all pairs of domains, resulting in a group-level pattern of socialization > daily living > communication skills. At the individual level, 10 different patterns of relative strength and weakness were identified, with only 18% of participants evidencing significant differences between adaptive skill domain standard scores corresponding to the group-level pattern of significant differences. Child characteristics (cognitive abilities, motor skills, and autism spectrum disorder symptoms) were significantly associated with VABS-3 adaptive domain standard scores.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of individualizing intervention programs focused on improving the adaptive skills of young children with Down syndrome based on consideration of the child’s relative adaptive strengths and weaknesses.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals immunoregulation mechanism of lncRNA-mRNA in gill and skin of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in response to Cryptocaryon irritans infection
Authors: Bai Yulin , Wang Mei , Zhao Ji , Bai Huaqiang , Zhang Xinyi , Wang Jiaying , Ke Qiaozhen , Qu Ang , Pu Fei , Zheng Weiqiang , Zhou Tao , Xu Peng
Published: March 2022

Background

Cryptocaryonosis caused by Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the major diseases of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), which lead to massive economic losses annually to the aquaculture industry of L. crocea. Although there have been some studies on the pathogenesis for cryptocaryonosis, little is known about the innate defense mechanism of different immune organs of large yellow croaker.

Results

In order to analyze the roles of long non-coding RNAs and genes specifically expressed between immune organs during the infection of C. irritans, in this study, by comparing transcriptome data from different tissues of L. crocea, we identified tissue-specific transcripts in the gills and skin, including 507 DE lncRNAs and 1592 DEGs identified in the gills, and 110 DE lncRNAs and 1160 DEGs identified in the skin. Furthermore, we constructed transcriptome co-expression profiles of L. crocea gill and skin, including 7,503 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 23,172 protein-coding genes. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the DEGs and the target genes of the DE lncRNAs in the gill were specifically enriched in several pathways related to immune such as HIF-1 signaling pathway. The target genes of DE lncRNAs and DEGs in the skin are specifically enriched in the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified 3 hub genes including NFKBIA, TNFAIP3 and CEBPB, and 5 important DE lncRNAs including MSTRG.24134.4, MSTRG.3038.5, MSTRG.27019.3, MSTRG.26559.1, and MSTRG.10983.1. The expression patterns of 6 randomly selected differentially expressed immune-related genes were validated using the quantitative real-time PCR method.

Conclusions

In short, our study is helpful to explore the potential interplay between lncRNAs and protein coding genes in different tissues of L. crocea post C. irritans and the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis for cryptocaryonosis.

Highlights

Skin and gills are important sources of pro-inflammatory molecules,
and their gene expression patterns are tissue-specific after C. irritans infection.

15 DEGs and 5 DE
lncRNAs were identified as hub regulatory elements after C. irritans infection

The HIF-1 signaling
pathway and the complement and coagulation cascade pathway may be key
tissue-specific regulatory pathways in gills and skin, respectively.
Towards the plastome evolution and phylogeny of Cycas L. (Cycadaceae): molecular-morphology discordance and gene tree space analysis
Authors: Liu Jian , Lindstrom Anders J. , Gong Xun
Published: March 2022

Background

Plastid genomes (plastomes) present great potential in resolving multiscale phylogenetic relationship but few studies have focused on the influence of genetic characteristics of plastid genes, such as genetic variation and phylogenetic discordance, in resolving the phylogeny within a lineage. Here we examine plastome characteristics of Cycas L., the most diverse genus among extant cycads, and investigate the deep phylogenetic relationships within Cycas by sampling 47 plastomes representing all major clades from six sections.

Results

All Cycas plastomes shared consistent gene content and structure with only one gene loss detected in Philippine species C. wadei. Three novel plastome regions (psbA-matK, trnN-ndhF, chlL-trnN) were identified as containing the highest nucleotide variability. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed most of the plastid protein-coding genes have been under purifying selection except ndhB. Phylogenomic analyses that alternatively included concatenated and coalescent methods, both identified four clades but with conflicting topologies at shallow nodes. Specifically, we found three species-rich Cycas sections, namely Stangerioides, Indosinenses and Cycas, were not or only weakly supported as monophyly based on plastomic phylogeny. Tree space analyses based on different tree-inference methods both revealed three gene clusters, of which the cluster with moderate genetic properties showed the best congruence with the favored phylogeny.

Conclusions

Our exploration in plastomic data for Cycas supports the idea that plastid protein-coding genes may exhibit discordance in phylogenetic signals. The incongruence between molecular phylogeny and morphological classification reported here may largely be attributed to the uniparental attribute of plastid, which cannot offer sufficient information to resolve the phylogeny. Contrasting to a previous consensus that genes with longer sequences and a higher proportion of variances are superior for phylogeny reconstruction, our result implies that the most effective phylogenetic signals could come from loci that own moderate variation, GC content, sequence length, and underwent modest selection.
Molecular cytogenetics and development of St-chromosome-specific molecular markers of novel stripe rust resistant wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium and wheat–Thinopyrum ponticum substitution lines
Authors: Wang Siwen , Wang Changyou , Feng Xianbo , Zhao Jixin , Deng Pingchuan , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Hong , Liu Xinlun , Li Tingdong , Chen Chunhuan , Wang Baotong , Ji Wanquan
Published: March 2022

Background

Owing to their excellent resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJsJsStSt) and Th. ponticum (2n = 10x = 70) are both widely utilized in wheat germplasm innovation programs. Disomic substitution lines (DSLs) carrying one pair of alien chromosomes are valuable bridge materials for transmission of novel genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotype construction and specific molecular marker development.

Results

Six wheat–Thinopyrum DSLs derived from crosses between Abbondanza nullisomic lines (2n = 40) and two octoploid Trititrigia lines (2n = 8x = 56), were characterized by sequential FISH–genome in situ hybridization (GISH), multicolor GISH (mc-GISH), and an analysis of the wheat 15 K SNP array combined with molecular marker selection. ES-9 (DS2St (2A)) and ES-10 (DS3St (3D)) are wheat–Th. ponticum DSLs, while ES-23 (DS2St (2A)), ES-24 (DS3St (3D)), ES-25(DS2St (2B)), and ES-26 (DS2St (2D)) are wheat–Th. intermedium DSLs. ES-9, ES-23, ES-25 and ES-26 conferred high thousand-kernel weight and stripe rust resistance at adult stages, while ES-10 and ES-24 were highly resistant to stripe rust at all stages. Furthermore, cytological analysis showed that the alien chromosomes belonging to the same homoeologous group (2 or 3) derived from different donors carried the same FISH karyotype and could form a bivalent. Based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), two 2St-chromosome-specific markers (PTH-005 and PTH-013) and two 3St-chromosome-specific markers (PTH-113 and PTH-135) were developed.

Conclusions

The six wheat–Thinopyrum DSLs conferring stripe rust resistance can be used as bridging parents for transmission of valuable resistance genes. The utility of PTH-113 and PTH-135 in a BC1F2 population showed that the newly developed markers could be useful tools for efficient identification of St chromosomes in a common wheat background.
Trauma triage criteria as predictors of severe injury - a Swedish multicenter cohort study
Authors: Holmberg Lina , Mani Kevin , Thorbjørnsen Knut , Wanhainen Anders , Andréasson Håkan , Juhlin Claes , Linder Fredrik
Published: March 2022

Background

Adequate performance of trauma team activation (TTA) criteria is important in order to accurately triage trauma patients. The Swedish National Trauma Triage Criteria (SNTTC) consists of 29 criteria that trigger either a Trauma Alert, the highest level of TTA, or a Trauma Response. This study aimed to evaluate the SNTTC and its accuracy in predicting a severely injured patient in a multicenter setting.

Methods

A cohort study in Sweden involving six trauma receiving hospitals. Data was collected from the Swedish Trauma Registry. Some 626 patients were analyzed with regard to the specific criteria used to initiate the TTA, injury severity with New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and emergency interventions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of the criteria were calculated, as well as undertriage and overtriage.

Results

All 29 criteria of SNTTC had a sensitivity > 80% for identifying a severely injured patient. The 16 Trauma Alert Criteria had a lower sensitivity of 62.6% but higher LR+ (3.5 vs all criteria 1.4), specificity (82.3 vs 39.1%) and PPV (55.4 vs 37.6%) and the highest accuracy (AUC 0.724). When using only the six physiological criteria, sensitivity (44.8%) and accuracy (AUC 0.690) decreased while LR+ (6.7), specificity (93.3%) and PPV (70.2%) improved.

Conclusion

SNTTC is efficient in identifying severely injured patients. The current set of criteria exhibits the best sensitivity compared to other examined combinations and no additional criterion was found to improve the protocol enough to promote a change.