bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint Effect of Multiple Prothrombotic Genotypes and Mean Platelet Volume on the Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Jakobsen Lisa , Frischmuth Tobias , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M.
Published: May 2022

Background A high mean platelet volume (MPV), a marker of increased platelet reactivity, is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether established prothrombotic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) further increase the VTE risk in subjects with high MPV because of biological interaction remains unknown.

Aim To investigate the joint effect of high MPV and prothrombotic genotypes, comprising a 5-SNP genetic risk score (GRS), on the risk of VTE in a population-based case–cohort.

Methods Incident VTE cases (n = 653) and a subcohort (n = 1,774) were derived from the Tromsø Study (1994–2012). DNA was genotyped for rs8176719 (ABO), rs6025 (F5), rs1799963 (F2), rs2036914 (F11), and rs2066865 (FGG). Hazard ratios (HRs) for VTE with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to predefined MPV-strata (<8.5, 8.5–9.5, ≥9.5 fL) and number of risk alleles for each individual SNP and the GRS (0–1, 2–3, ≥4 risk alleles) in models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and platelet count.

Results The combination of high MPV and risk alleles, either as individual SNPs or the GRS, had an additive effect on VTE risk. Compared with subjects with MPV <8.5 fL and 0–1 risk allele, those with high MPV (≥9.5 fL) and ≥4 risk alleles had HRs of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.77-4.43) for overall VTE and 4.60 (95% CI: 2.20–9.60) for unprovoked events, respectively, but there was no supra-additive effect on risk estimates.

Conclusion The combination of high MPV and prothrombotic genotypes had an additive effect on VTE risk, suggesting there is no biological interaction between these risk factors in the pathogenesis of VTE.
Pharmacokinetic, Hemostatic, and Anticancer Properties of a Low-Anticoagulant Bovine Heparin
Authors: Santos Roberto P. , Tovar Ana M.F. , Oliveira Marcos R. , Piquet Adriana A. , Capillé Nina V. , Oliveira Stephan N.M.C.G. , Correia Ana H. , Farias José N. , Vilanova Eduardo , Mourão Paulo A.S.
Published: May 2022

Heparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
Immune Tolerance Induction (ITI) with a pdFVIII/VWF Concentrate (octanate) in 100 Patients in the Observational ITI (ObsITI) Study
Authors: Escuriola Ettingshausen Carmen , Vdovin Vladimír , Zozulya Nadezhda , Svirin Pavel , Andreeva Tatiana , Benedik-Dolničar Majda , Jiménez-Yuste Victor , Kitanovski Lidija , Zupancic-Šalek Silva , Pavlova Anna , Bátorová Angelika , Montaño Mejía Cesar , Abdilova Gulnara , Knaub Sigurd , Jansen Martina , Lowndes Shannely , Belyanskaya Larisa , Walter Olaf , Oldenburg Johannes ,   on behalf of the ObsITI Study Group
Published: May 2022

Background Immune tolerance induction (ITI) with repeated factor VIII (FVIII) administration is the only strategy proven to eradicate inhibitors. The observational ITI study is evaluating ITI with a range of FVIII products.

Methods This subgroup analysis reports prospective interim data for patients treated with a plasma-derived, von Willebrand factor-stabilized FVIII concentrate (pdFVIII/VWF, octanate). Complete success (CS) of ITI required achievement of three criteria: inhibitor titer < 0.6 BU/mL; FVIII recovery ≥ 66%; FVIII half-life ≥6 hours. Partial success (PS) required achievement of two criteria and partial response (PR) one. ITI success was defined as CS or PS. Data were analyzed for patients who achieved CS, had 36 months' observation, or failed ITI.

Results One-hundred prospectively enrolled patients were included in the analysis; 91 had poor prognosis factors for ITI success. The mean (standard deviation) daily ITI dose was 116.4 (61.1) IU FVIII/kg in 14 low responders (< 5 BU/mL) and 173.7 (112.0) IU FVIII/kg in 86 high responders (≥ 5 BU/mL). Inhibitor titers < 0.6 BU/mL were achieved in 71% of patients in a median of 4.01 months, accompanied by a 93% reduction in bleeding rate. ITI success was achieved by 70% of patients and 56 of 72 (78%) primary (first-line) ITI patients. PR was achieved by 5 patients; ITI failed in 25 patients. PS and CS were achieved in a median of 5.55 and 11.25 months, respectively.

Conclusions ITI with pdFVIII/VWF led to rapid eradication of FVIII inhibitors, normalization of FVIII pharmacokinetics in the majority of patients, and a significant reduction in bleeding rates.
Veteran and Staff Experience from a Pilot Program of Health Care System–Distributed Wearable Devices and Data Sharing
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Wilck Nancy R. , Murphy John J. , Herout Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Objective The growing trend to use wearable devices to track activity and health data has the potential to positively impact the patient experience with their health care at home and with their care team. As part of a pilot program, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) distributed Fitbits to Veterans through four VA medical centers. Our objective was to assess the program from both Veterans' and clinicians' viewpoints. Specifically, we aimed to understand barriers to Fitbit setup and use for Veterans, including syncing devices with a VA mobile application (app) to share data, and assess the perceived value of the device functions and ability to share information from the Fitbit with their care team. In addition, we explored the clinicians' perspective, including how they expected to use the patient-generated health data (PGHD).

Methods We performed semi-structured interviews with 26 Veterans and 16 VA clinicians to assess the program. Responses to each question were summarized in order of frequency of occurrence across participants and audited by an independent analyst for accuracy.

Results Our findings reveal that despite setup challenges, there is support for the use of Fitbits to engage Veterans and help manage their health. Clinicians believed there were benefits for having Veterans use the Fitbits and expected to use the PGHD in a variety of ways as part of the Veterans' care plans, including monitoring progress toward health behavior goals. Veterans were overwhelmingly enthusiastic about using the Fitbits; this enthusiasm seems to extend beyond the 3 month “novelty period.”

Conclusion The pilot program for distributing Fitbits to Veterans appears to be successful from both Veterans' and clinicians' perspectives and suggests that expanded use of wearable devices should be considered. Future studies will need to carefully consider how to incorporate the PGHD into the electronic health record and clinical workflow.
New Roles for Albumin/Globulin Ratio in the Early-Onset Hyperbilirubinemia among Infants Born Weighing 1,000 to 2,499 Grams
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Kanai Yuji , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Namai Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2022

Introduction Early-onset hyperbilirubinemia (EOH) is a clinical issue for premature infants. We predicted that EOH management would be improved by fast results from common laboratory tests. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and the albumin/globulin ratio may contribute to improving the management of EOH.

Objective The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between EOH and perinatal variables among infants born weighing 1,000 to 2,499 g.

Study Designs A single center study was undertaken at Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital between April 1, 2016 and January 31, 2022, using blood samples prospectively collected from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit that were assessed by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Due to a correlation between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW), each variable was entered separately into Model 1 (including GA) and 2 (including BW).

Results A total of 508 infants were analyzed (270 in the non EOH group and 238 in the EOH group). No infants experienced feto-maternal transfusion syndrome or hemolytic diseases such as blood type (ABO or Rh) incompatibility or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency during perinatal period. Significant relationships were observed between EOH and BW (p <0.01, odds ratio [OR], 0.997; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.996–0.997), albumin (p <0.01, OR, 0.278; 95% CI, 0.129–0.599), albumin/globulin ratio (p <0.01, OR, 2.695; 95% CI, 1.378–5.270), TSB (p <0.01, OR, 2.774; 95% CI, 1.795–4.287), and antenatal corticoid therapy (p = 0.02, OR, 1.852; 95% CI, 1.108–3.097) in Model 2. Per receiver operating characteristic curves, an albumin/globulin ratio of 1.84 could predict EOH at a sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 75.6% (AUC = 0.652, p <0.01, 95% CI, 0.603–0.700).

Conclusion Albumin/globulin ratio among infants born weighing 1,000 to 2,499 g may be a useful indicator of EOH.

Key Points
Studying the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in convergent geometry under high energy density conditions using the Decel platform
Authors: Yager-Elorriaga D. A. , Doss F. W. , Shipley G. A. , Knapp P. F. , Ruiz D. E. , Porwitzky A. J. , Fein J. R. , Merritt E. C. , Martin M. R. , Myers C. E. , Jennings C. A. , Smith I. C. , Marshall D. J. , Aragon C. R. , Shulenburger L. , Mattsson T. R. , Sinars D. B.
Published: May 2022

The “Decel” platform at Sandia National Laboratories investigates the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) in converging geometry under high energy density conditions [Knapp et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 092707 (2020)]. In Decel, the Z machine magnetically implodes a cylindrical beryllium liner filled with liquid deuterium, launching a converging shock toward an on-axis beryllium rod machined with sinusoidal perturbations. The passage of the shock deposits vorticity along the Be/D2 interface, causing the perturbations to grow. In this paper, we present platform improvements along with recent experimental results. To improve the stability of the imploding liner to the magneto Rayleigh–Taylor instability, we modified its acceleration history by shortening the Z electrical current pulse. Next, we introduce a “split rod” configuration that allows two axial modes to be fielded simultaneously in different axial locations along the rod, doubling our data per experiment. We then demonstrate that asymmetric slots in the return current structure modify the magnetic drive pressure on the surface of the liner, advancing the evolution on one side of the rod by multiple ns compared to its 180° counterpart. This effectively enables two snapshots of the instability at different stages of evolution per radiograph with small deviations of the cross-sectional profile of the rod from the circular. Using this platform, we acquired RMI data at 272 and 157 μm wavelengths during the single shock stage. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these data for benchmarking simulations by comparing calculations using ALEGRA MHD and RageRunner.
Unphysical discontinuities, intruder states and regularization in GW methods
Authors: Monino Enzo , Loos Pierre-François
Published: May 2022

By recasting the non-linear frequency-dependent GW quasiparticle equation into a linear eigenvalue problem, we explain the appearance of multiple solutions and unphysical discontinuities in various physical quantities computed within the GW approximation. Considering the GW self-energy as an effective Hamiltonian, it is shown that these issues are key signatures of strong correlation in the (N ± 1)-electron states and can be directly related to the intruder state problem. A simple and efficient regularization procedure inspired by the similarity renormalization group is proposed to avoid such issues and speed up the convergence of partially self-consistent GW calculations.
Strain-modulated optical response in 2D MoSe2 made by Na-assisted CVD on glass
Authors: Rodrigues João , Grzonka Justyna , Fernandes João , Santos João , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Ferreira Paulo , Alpuim Pedro , Capasso Andrea
Published: May 2022

Extended investigations on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have opened sound possibilities to apply these materials in several technological fields such as sensing. To this end, fully reproducible methods for the wafer-scale production of crystalline and uniform 2D TMDCs are in demand. In this work, atomically thin MoSe2 was grown by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition using the Na-assisted process with Se powder and Mo foil precursors on a glass substrate. The samples were extensively characterized via Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The MoSe2 samples consist of submillimeter, monolayer single-crystals with 2H phase configuration. Being monolayer and crystalline, the samples exhibit well-defined and intense photoluminescence. CVD-grown 2D MoSe2 was integrated into a device with strain-tunable optical properties and tested. Under tensile strain (in the range of 0.2%–0.4%), the spectral emission responded to an in-plane strain with marked peak shifts toward lower energies for increasing levels of strain (∼3 and ∼2 nm shift for the main PL component at 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively), indicating a reduction of the bandgap.
Accurate energy prediction of large-scale defective two-dimensional materials via deep learning
Authors: Ma Yuxing , Lu Shuaihua , Zhang Yehui , Zhang Tingbo , Zhou Qionghua , Wang Jinlan
Published: May 2022

Crystal defects play a vital role in physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. The computational cost for a real defective system with more than thousands of atoms is considerably high. Here, we propose a framework to accurately predict the formation energy of defective 2D materials, graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), at a large scale, by combining deep learning techniques and density functional calculations. To improve the training performance of deep learning models, a multi-layer structure descriptor using chemical bond parameters is proposed. For the defective graphene (MoS2) over 300 nm2 (650 nm2), the calculated mean absolute error for the formation energy is less than 47 meV (53 meV) per 1000 atoms. This study provides a practical solution for the accurate and rapid description of large-scale defective 2D materials.
Comprehensive survey of dissociative photoionization of quinoline by PEPICO experiments
Authors: Kadhane Umesh R. , Vinitha M. V. , Ramanathan Karthick , S. Arun , Bouwman Jordy , Avaldi Lorenzo , Bolognesi Paola , Richter Robert
Published: May 2022

Dissociative photoionization of quinoline induced by vacuum ultraviolet radiation is investigated using photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Branching ratios of all the detectable fragment ions are measured as a function of internal energy ranging from 2 to 30 eV. A specific generation hierarchy is observed in the breakdown curves of a set of dissociation channels. Moreover, a careful comparison of the breakdown curves of fragments among the successive generations allowed to establish a decay sequence in the fragmentation of quinoline cation. This enabled us to revisit and refine the understanding of the first generation decay and reassign the origin of a few of the higher generation decay products of quinoline cation. With the help of the accompanying computational work (reported concurrently), we have demonstrated the dominance of two different HCN elimination pathways over previously interpreted mechanisms. For the first time, a specific pathway for acetylene elimination is identified in quinoline+ and the role of isomerization in both acetylene as well as hydrogen cyanide loss is also demonstrated. The experiment also established that the acetylene elimination exclusively occurs from the non-nitrogen containing rings of quinoline cation. The formation of a few astronomically important species is also discussed.
Thermochemical nonequilibrium effects on high-enthalpy double-wedge flows
Authors: Hong Qizhen , Hao Jiaao , Uy Ken Chun Kit , Wen Chih-Yung , Sun Quanhua
Published: May 2022

A hypersonic laminar flow over double wedges with a fixed forward angle of 15° and varied aft angles is studied using computational fluid dynamics and global stability analysis (GSA) at a free-stream Mach number of 12.82 and a total enthalpy of 21.77 MJ/kg. The specific total enthalpy is high enough to trigger evident vibrational excitation and air chemistry. To assess the effects of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, three different thermochemistry models of air are considered, including frozen, thermal nonequilibrium, and thermochemical nonequilibrium gases. Two-dimensional base-flow simulations indicate that the onset of incipient and secondary separation is insensitive to the inclusion of thermochemistry, although the size of the separation region is substantially reduced. GSA is then performed on the base flows and identifies a three-dimensional stationary global instability beyond a critical aft angle, which is also insensitive to thermochemical nonequilibrium. The criterion of the global stability boundary established for the supersonic flow over compression corners in a calorically perfect gas in terms of a scaled deflection angle [Hao et al., “Occurrence of global instability in hypersonic compression corner flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 919, A4 (2021)] is, thus, extended to high-enthalpy conditions.
Observer differences in individual identification of feral cats from camera trap images
Authors: Sparkes Jessica , Fleming Peter J. S.
Published: May 2022

Feral cats are a key threat to many Australian native fauna, with camera traps increasingly used to identify individuals for evaluation of management actions. However, observer bias and camera trap settings can affect individual identification rates. We compared feral cat individual identification by two observers with extremes of experience. Arrays of 39–50 camera traps were deployed continuously for 22 months at four sites in the Western Division of New South Wales. Where possible, feral cats were individually identified from phenotypic characteristics by an expert and naïve lay observer. We obtained 10 465 feral cat images, with 72 cats individually identified across the sites. The experienced observer attributed more feral cat events to a known individual compared with the lay observer (21.3 vs 12.9%, respectively). Forty three percent of cat images were similarly tagged by both observers. Daytime events yielded higher identification rates and match success (28.1 vs 19.5 and 17.9 vs 11.8% for day vs night events for the expert and lay observer, respectively). Lack of congruence between observers, combined with a small number of events where cats could be individually identified, and differences in identification accuracy over time and between sites, makes estimation of detection probabilities and errors difficult.
Fish biodiversity and inferred abundance in a highly valued coastal temperate environment: the inner Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand
Authors: Jaksons Rodelyn , Bell Peter , Jaksons Peter , Cook Denham
Published: May 2022

Context The inner Queen Charlotte Sound–Tōtaranui is a focal and emblematic coastal area in New Zealand that is valued by diverse stakeholders. Fish diversity in the region is not well characterised. Aims This study sought to provide an inventory of local fish populations, determine the relative abundance of all species observed, and quantify fish biodiversity (including teleost, elasmobranch, syngnathid, chimaera, and cephalopod) in the region. Methods Baited remote underwater video, a spatially balanced acceptance sampling design, and Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis approaches using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) were employed. Key results In total, 35 species were observed over 3 years. Average site-specific levels of species abundance were low (∼3) with only modest levels of biodiversity (Shannon–Wiener value = 0.65, Simpsons index = 0.51). On the basis of spatial residuals, greater species diversity was identified in western arms of the sound. Conclusions These findings provide a useful insight into the biodiversity of fish in the region, and baseline information on the relative abundance of a variety of fish species. Implications These findings characterise the contemporary status of fish populations in the inner Queen Charlotte Sound and present a useful framework for ongoing investigations of fish populations in this, and other, inshore marine environments.
Health literacy assessment in the clinic: benefits, pitfalls and practicalities
Authors: Ellender Claire M. , Boyde Mary , Scott Ian A.
Published: May 2022

Approximately 60% of Australians have low or marginal health literacy, which is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with chronic disease. Patient-centred strategies (such as reduced medical jargon, use of pictograms, multimedia narratives) are effective in improving outcomes for many chronic diseases, with the impact being greatest in individuals with low health literacy. However, clinicians need a reliable and practical tool for assessing health literacy, the results of which help inform the choice of communication techniques best tailored to deliver information to patients. This article reviews the evidence of health literacy as an independent predictor of poor disease outcomes, describes feasible methods for assessing health literacy and presents communication strategies aimed at facilitating shared decision-making among those with low health literacy.
Identification of
PSMB5
as a genetic modifier of fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
Authors: Kong Ha Eun , Lim Junghwa , Linsalata Alexander , Kang Yunhee , Malik Indranil , Allen Emily G. , Cao Yiqu , Shubeck Lisa , Johnston Rich , Huang Yanting , Gu Yanghong , Guo Xiangxue , Zwick Michael E. , Qin Zhaohui , Wingo Thomas S. , Juncos Jorge , Nelson David L. , Epstein Michael P. , Cutler David J. , Todd Peter K. , Sherman Stephanie L. , Warren Stephen T. , Jin Peng
Published: May 2022

Significance

Expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5′ untranslated region of
FMR1
predisposes carriers to fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder. FXTAS demonstrates incomplete penetrance, which strongly suggests the presence of genetic modifiers. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on male premutation carriers (CGG
55–200
) followed by a functional screen in
Drosophila
and identified
PSMB5
as a strong suppressor of CGG-associated neurodegeneration, thereby presenting a therapeutic strategy for FXTAS.
p73α1, a p73 C-terminal isoform, regulates tumor suppression and the inflammatory response via Notch1
Authors: Laubach Kyra Nicole , Yan Wensheng , Kong Xiangmudong , Sun Wenqiang , Chen Mingyi , Zhang Jin , Chen Xinbin
Published: May 2022

Significance

p73 is expressed as multiple C-terminal isoforms, but their expression and activity are largely unknown. Here, we identified p73α1 as a p73 C-terminal isoform that results from exon 12 (
E12
) exclusion. We showed that
E12
deficiency in mice leads to systemic inflammation but not spontaneous tumors. We also showed that Notch1 is regulated by p73α1 and plays a critical role in p73-dependent tumor suppression and systemic inflammation.
Reduced physiological plasticity in a fish adapted to stable temperatures
Authors: Morgan Rachael , Andreassen Anna H. , Åsheim Eirik R. , Finnøen Mette H. , Dresler Gunnar , Brembu Tore , Loh Adrian , Miest Joanna J. , Jutfelt Fredrik
Published: May 2022

Significance

Plastic individuals can buffer environmental changes, maintaining a stable performance across gradients. Plasticity is therefore thought to be particularly beneficial for the survival of wild populations that experience large environmental fluctuations, such as diel and seasonal temperature changes. Maintaining plasticity is widely assumed to be costly; however, empirical evidence demonstrating this cost is scarce. Here, we predict that if plasticity is costly, it would be readily lost in a stable environment, such as a laboratory. To test this, we measured a diverse range of phenotypic traits, spanning gene expression, physiology, and behavior, in wild and laboratory zebrafish acclimated to 15 temperatures. We show that laboratory fish have lost plasticity in many traits, demonstrating that maintaining plasticity carries a cost.
Interfacial texture and bonding strength of Cu/Al laminate metal composite fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Yanyuan , Chen Jinyong , Wang Zhenqiang , Jiang Fengchun
Published: May 2022

Interfacial texture and bonding strength of Cu/Al laminate metal composite fabricated by ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and peeling tests. Results show that after the UAM process, Al foils have obvious shear texture or recrystallisation texture components in the region near the interface of Cu/Al, indicating that Al foils are prone to shear deformation during consolidation, which plays an essential role in the bonding formation of the two dissimilar metals. The rougher Cu foil surface produced by direct contact with sonotrode promotes more remarkable shear deformation of the mating Al foil near the interface during the subsequent consolidation pass, which obviously enhances the interfacial bonding strength.
Systems and Processes that Enable Progress for Older Forensic Mental Health Patients
Authors: Walker Kate , Furtado Vivek , Yates Jen , Dening Tom , Völlm Birgit , Griffiths Chris
Published: May 2022

Older forensic mental health patients have complex needs and requirements; service provision is required to address mental health, offending risk and issues associated with aging (geriatric care). This study aimed to identify the systems and processes that enable valued progress (in terms of quality of life, health, wellbeing, recovery and reduced risk) for older forensic mental health patients. Interviews were conducted with 48 members of staff working with these patients in secure hospitals or the community. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four overarching themes were identified regarding what facilitated or acted as a barrier in relation to quality of life, health, wellbeing and recovery. Multidisciplinary input, an individualized approach and implementing holistic and needs-led care was found to facilitate progress. However, lack of resources, excluding the patients in care planning, gaps in expertise and knowledge, and a lack of specialized units that could address mental health, forensic and elderly needs were found to be barriers. Extensive, multilevel and wide-ranging support is required specifically for older forensic mental health patients. Joint working is required between older adult and forensic mental health services incorporating geriatric medicine expertise in order to implement co-produced care and treatment plans.
Modelling sodium requirements of athletes across a variety of exercise scenarios – Identifying when to test and target, or season to taste
Authors: McCubbin Alan J.
Published: May 2022

Evidence suggests the focus for sodium replacement during exercise should be maintenance of plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]plasma) for any given total body water (TBW) volume. The sodium intake to achieve stable [Na+]plasma given known fluid and electrolyte intakes and losses can be mathematically estimated. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to model sodium requirements of athletes during exercise, observing the influence of sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, baseline [Na+]plasma and sweat potassium [K+]sweat, and relevance to competition (soccer, elite marathon, and 160 km ultramarathon running). Models were constructed across a range of sweat sodium concentrations ([Na+]sweat) (20–80 mmol·L−1), sweat rates (0.5–2.5 L·h−1) and fluid replacement (10–90% of losses). In the competition‐specific scenarios, fluid replacement was calculated to achieve 2% TBW losses. Sodium requirements were driven by fluid replacement (% of losses) and [Na+]sweat, with minimal or no influence of other variables. Replacing sodium was unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match and elite marathon. In contrast, the 160 km ultramarathon required ≥47% sodium replacement when [Na+]sweat was ≥40 mmol·L−1 and >80% of fluid losses were replaced. In conclusion, sodium requirements to maintain stable [Na+]plasma during exercise depend on both the proportion of fluid losses replaced, and [Na+]sweat. Only when prolonged exercise is coupled with aggressive fluid replacement (>80%) and whole body [Na+]sweat ≥40 mmol·L−1 does sweat composition testing and significant, targeted sodium replacement appear necessary.

Highlights

Modelling sodium intake requirements with sodium and fluid intake expressed as a proportion of losses, allows robust models to be constructed that are not influenced by sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, and only to a minor extent by baseline plasma sodium and sweat potassium.

When applied to specific sporting scenarios, targeted sodium replacement, and therefore sweat composition testing, appears unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match or elite marathon race. Athletes can therefore choose sodium intake according to taste preferences rather than physiological need.

During a 160 km ultramarathon, targeted sodium replacement may be necessary because fluid replacement needs are greater as a proportion of losses. However the required quantity remains <50% of losses unless sweat rate is ≥1.5 L·hr−1, sweat sodium is ≥40 mmol·L−1, and fluid replacement is ≥90% of losses.

The modelling technique described could be utilised by researchers to personalise sodium replacement in intervention studies for each participant, or by practitioners to either estimate the likely sodium needs of athletes during exercise, or to decide when sweat composition testing is or is not likely to be useful.
Towards room-temperature and above magnetoelectricity in CoFe2O4/Cr2O3 core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Barik A , Sahoo M R , Ghosh R , Tiwary Sweta , Kuila S , Takhar D , Birajdar B , Vishwakarma P N
Published: May 2022

This work provides an effective approach to increase the magnetoelectric (ME) operating temperature of primordial sesqui oxide Cr2O3. The CoFe2O4 (core)/Cr2O3 (shell) nanoparticles with varying molar fractions are prepared via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The phase-purity and coating induced micro-strains in core as well as shell have been validated from the Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data, and are complementary to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies. Transmission electron microscopy measurement confirms the core/shell configuration of the nanoparticles. The magnetization measurements suggest screening of ferromagnetic interaction of CoFe2O4 (core) due to Cr2O3 shell over it, such that core/shell nanoparticles respond like single domain particles. A careful inspection of the impedance and modulus data suggest single relaxation in the studied frequency/temperature range for all the compositions. Both, the relaxation and the conduction processes are found to be polaronic obeying Mott variable range hopping mechanism. Direct ME measurements on these samples manifests the presence of linear magnetoelectricity for temperature as high as 400 K―a hallmark of enhancement in ME operating temperature of parental Cr2O3 phase and therefore widen its scope to meet the necessity of ME based potential applications.
Phenomenological potentials for the refractory metals Cr, Mo and W
Authors: Baldinozzi Gianguido , Pontikis Vassilis
Published: May 2022

Cohesion in the refractory metals Cr, Mo, and W is phenomenologically described in this work via a n-body energy functional with a set of physically motivated parameters that were optimized to reproduce selected experimental properties characteristic of perfect and defective crystals. The functional contains four terms accounting for the hard-core repulsion, the Thomas–Fermi kinetic energy repulsion and for contributions to the binding energy of s and d valence electrons. Lattice dynamics, molecular statics, and molecular dynamics calculations show that this model describes satisfactorily thermodynamic properties of the studied metals whereas, unlike other empirical approaches from the literature, predictions of phonon dispersion relations and of surface and point defect energetics reveal in fair good agreement with experiments. These results suggest that the present model is well adapted to large-scale simulations and whenever total energy calculations of thermodynamic properties are unfeasible.
Energy density as a probe of band representations in photonic crystals
Authors: Blanco de Paz M , Herrera M A J , Arroyo Huidobro P , Alaeian H , Vergniory M G , Bradlyn B , Giedke G , García-Etxarri A , Bercioux D
Published: May 2022

Topological quantum chemistry (TQC) has recently emerged as an instrumental tool to characterize the topological nature of both fermionic and bosonic band structures. TQC is based on the study of band representations and the localization of maximally localized Wannier functions. In this article, we study various two-dimensional photonic crystal structures analyzing their topological character through a combined study of TQC, their Wilson-loop (WL) spectra and the electromagnetic energy density. Our study demonstrates that the analysis of the spatial localization of the energy density complements the study of the topological properties in terms of the spectrum of the WL operator and TQC.
Modelling the atmospheric dispersion of radiotracers in small-scale, controlled detonations: validation of dispersion models using field test data
Authors: Thiessen Kathleen M , Kuča Petr , Helebrant Jan , Hůlka Jiří , Charnock Thomas W , Chouhan Sohan L , Ďúran Juraj , Fuka Vladimir , de With Govert , Mancini Francesco , Periáñez Raúl , Tay Bee Kiat , Trifunović Dejan , Walter Hartmut
Published: May 2022

A series of modelling exercises, based on field tests conducted in the Czech Republic, were carried out by the ‘Urban’ Working Groups as part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety II, Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessment (MODARIA) I and MODARIA II international data compilation and model validation programmes. In the first two of these programmes, data from a series of field tests involving dispersion of a radiotracer, 99mTc, from small-scale, controlled detonations were used in a comparison of model predictions with field measurements of deposition. In the third programme, data from a similar field test, involving dispersion of 140La instead of 99mTc, were used. Use of longer-lived 140La as a radiotracer allowed a greater number of measurements to be made over a greater distance from the dispersion point and in more directions than was possible for the earlier tests involving shorter-lived 99mTc. The modelling exercises included both intercomparison of model predictions from several participants and comparison of model predictions with the measured data. Several models (HotSpot, LASAIR, ADDAM/CSA-ERM, plus some research models) were used in the comparisons, which demonstrated the challenges of modelling dispersion of radionuclides from detonations and the need for appropriate meteorological measurements.
Highly stable semitransparent multilayer graphene/LaVO3 vertical-heterostructure photodetectors
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , Jung Dae Ho , Shin Dong Hee , Lee Hosun
Published: May 2022

A heterostructure composed of a combination of semi-metallic graphene (Gr) and high-absorption LaVO3 is ideal for high-performance translucent photodetector (PD) applications. Here, we present multilayer Gr/LaVO3 vertical-heterostructure semitransparent PDs with various layer numbers (L

n
). At L

n
= 2, the PD shows the best performance with a responsivity (R) of 0.094 A W−1 and a specific detectivity (D*) of 7.385 × 107 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 532 nm. Additionally, the average visible transmittance of the PD is 63%, i.e. it is semitransparent. We increased photocurrent (PC) by approximately 13%, from 0.564 to 0.635 μA cm−2 by using an Al reflector on the semitransparent PD. The PC of an unencapsulated PD maintains about 86% (from 0.571 to 0.493 μA cm−2) of its initial PC value after 2000 h at 25 °C temperature/30% relative humidity, showing good stability. This behavior is superior to that of previously reported graphene-based PDs. These results show that these PDs have great potential for semitransparent optoelectronic applications.
Carbon nanofiber frameworks for Li metal batteries: the synergistic effect of conductivity and lithiophilic-sites
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Zheng , Liu Yanqi , Song Zhaohai , Gao Zhihao , Zhang Jianmin , Zheng Zongmin
Published: May 2022

The utilization of carbon framework to guide the growth of the Li dendrites is an important theme for Li metal batteries. The conductivity and electronegative sites of carbon materials will greatly affect the nucleation of Li metal. However, how much these two contributing factors affect the Li plating/stripping stability should be considered. This work presents N, O doped carbon nanofiber framework (CNF) membrane as the interlayer for protecting the Li anode. The amounts of N and O elements and their ratios, the conductivity, the thickness of CNF membrane and their effects on the Li plating/stripping process have been fully analyzed. The voltage profile and the stability of Li plating/stripping process are evaluated by symmetric and asymmetrical coin cells. The lithiophilic heteroatom doped surface mainly works as an excellent guide during the Li plating process, whereas the conductivity and mechanical stability of CNF equalize the current density and confine the volume change in during cycling. With the optimized CNF membrane as the interlayer, both Li metal and Li–S full cells exhibit good capacity properties and cyclic stability.
Surface-capping engineering for electrically neutral surface of perovskite films and stable solar cells
Authors: Li Dongni , Wang Qiuwen , Zhao Lu , Sun Xiangyu , Song Tinglu , Liu Fangze , Wei Jing , Li Hongbo
Published: May 2022

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly in recent years, due to their high performance and low-cost solution-based fabrication process. These excellent properties are mainly attributed to the high defect tolerance of polycrystalline perovskite films. Meanwhile, these defects can also facilitate ion migration and carrier recombination, which cause the device performance and the long-term stability of PSCs to deteriorate heavily. Therefore, it is critical to passivate the defects, especially at the surfaces of perovskite grains where the defects are most concentrated due to the dangling bonds. Here we propose a surface-capping engineering (SCE) method to construct ‘dangling-bond-free’ surfaces for perovskite grains. Diamine iodide (methylenediammonium diiodide, MDAI2) was used to construct an electroneutral PbX6-MDA-PbX6 (X = Cl, Br or I) layer at the perovskite surfaces. Compared to the monovalent FA+ which can only coordinate one [PbX6]4− slab, the bivalent MDA2+ can coordinate two [PbX6]4− slabs on both sides, thus realizing a dangling-bond-free surface. Solar cells based on SCE-perovskite films exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.6%, compared with 19.9% of the control group; and maintained over 96% of its initial PCE after 13 h during the maximum power point tracking test under continuous AM1.5G illumination, whereas the control group only lasted 1.5 h. Constructing a dangling-bond-free capping layer on the grain boundary opens new avenues for the fabrication of ultralow-defect polycrystalline semiconductors, paving the way to further improve the PCE and lifetime of PSCs.
Efficient molecular ferroelectric photovoltaic device with high photocurrent via lewis acid–base adduct approach
Authors: Gu Jiahao , Wang Chen , Xu Xiaoli , Xiao Lingbo , Li Jun , Zhao Jie , Zou Guifu
Published: May 2022

Traditional inorganic oxide ferroelectric materials usually have band gaps above 3 eV, leading to more than 80% of the solar spectrum unavailable, greatly limiting the current density of their devices just at μA cm−2 level. Therefore, exploring ferroelectric materials with lower band gaps is considered as an effective method to improve the performance of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. Inorganic ferroelectric materials are often doped with transition metal elements to reduce the band gap, which is a complex doping and high temperature fabrication process. Recently, molecular ferroelectric materials can change the symmetry and specific interactions of crystals at the molecular level by chemically modifying or tailoring cations with high symmetry, enabling rational design and banding of ferroelectricity in the framework of perovskite simultaneously. Therefore, the molecular ferroelectric materials have a great performance for both excellent ferroelectricity and narrow band gap without doping. Here, we report a ferroelectric photovoltaic device employing an organic-inorganic hybrid molecular ferroelectric material with a band gap of 2.3 eV to obtain high current density. While the poor film quality of molecular ferroelectrics still limits it. The Lewis acid–base adduct is found to greatly improve the film quality with lower defect density and higher carrier mobility. Under standard AM 1.5 G illumination, the photocurrents of ∼1.51 mA cm−2 is achieved along with a device efficiency of 0.45%. This work demonstrates new possibilities for the application of molecular ferroelectric films with narrow band gaps in photovoltaic devices, and lays a foundation for Lewis acid–base chemistry to improve the quality of molecular ferroelectric thin films to obtain high current densities and device performance.
An accurate probabilistic model with detector resolution and Doppler broadening correction in list-mode MLEM reconstruction for Compton camera
Authors: Wu Chuanpeng , Zhang Siyuan , Li Liang
Published: May 2022

Objective. The Compton cameras have been researched for medical applications and radioactive material detection. It is challenging for the Compton camera to realize high-resolution reconstruction when the incident photon energy is below 200 keV. However, multiple kinds of nuclear medical radionuclides are in this energy range, such as 201Tl, 67Ga, 99mTc, and 123I. In this work, we propose an improved probabilistic model with correction of detector energy resolution, detector spatial resolution, and Doppler broadening effect. The proposed model is used for numerical calculation of the system matrix in the list-mode maximum likelihood expectation maximization (LM-MLEM) algorithm. Approach. The model can improve the imaging resolution of LM-MLEM reconstruction by taking Doppler broadening effect into account. It performs well, especially in the following situations: low-energy photon incidence below 200 keV or (and) small distance between scattering and absorbing positions. Main results. Firstly, three main factors that affect the angular resolution of the Compton camera are theoretically analyzed and quantitatively calculated. The results of the analysis indicate the necessity of including the Doppler broadening effect in the model. Secondly, the details and derivation of the proposed probabilistic model are described. Thirdly, both Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulations focus on the low-energy reconstruction in which 201Tl (70 keV) and 99mTc (141 keV) are simulated. And the experiments are based on a single-layer Compton camera composed of a Timepix3 detector. Significance. The results of the simulations and the Timepix3-based experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The model improves the Compton imaging resolution when the photon energy is below 200 keV.
Colposcopic multimodal fusion for the classification of cervical lesions
Authors: Fan Yinuo , Ma Huizhan , Fu Yuanbin , Liang Xiaoyun , Yu Hui , Liu Yuzhen
Published: May 2022

Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the two biggest killers of women and early detection of cervical precancerous lesions can effectively improve the survival rate of patients. Manual diagnosis by combining colposcopic images and clinical examination results is the main clinical diagnosis method at present. Developing an intelligent diagnosis algorithm based on artificial intelligence is an inevitable trend to solve the objectification of diagnosis and improve the quality and efficiency of diagnosis. Approach: A colposcopic multimodal fusion convolutional neural network (CMF-CNN) was proposed for the classification of cervical lesions. Mask region convolutional neural network was used to detect the cervical region while the encoding network EfficientNet-B3 was introduced to extract the multimodal image features from the acetic image and iodine image. Finally, Squeeze-and-Excitation, Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling, and convolution block were also adopted to encode and fuse the patient’s clinical text information. Main results: The experimental results showed that in 7106 cases of colposcopy, the accuracy, macro F1-score, macro-areas under the curve of the proposed model were 92.70%, 92.74%, 98.56%, respectively. They are superior to the mainstream unimodal image classification models. Significance: CMF-CNN proposed in this paper combines multimodal information, which has high performance in the classification of cervical lesions in colposcopy, so it can provide comprehensive diagnostic aid.
An image encryption scheme by applying memristive Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model
Authors: Wang Yanzhang
Published: May 2022

Neurophysiological studies indicate that there are rich and complex dynamical characteristics in electrical actives between neurons. When neurons are stimulated by appropriate electromagnetic, the dynamical behavior for the nervous system can be changed, and electromagnetic has an important effect for the effectiveness of neurological diseases. To explore the complex dynamic effect of magnetic field in neuron activities, a new memristive HindMarsh-Rose neuron model can be developed by connecting a memristor into a simple 2 dimentional HindMarsh-Rose neuron model. It fond that the new neuron model has rich nonlinear dynamics and generate hidden attractors when changing electromagnetic induction. Neuron model as a nonlinear system, it has properties similar to a chaotic system system. So the memristive HindMarsh-Rose neuron model can be considered as a chaotic system to apply in image encryption algorithm. And an image encryption algorithm based on the memristive HindMarsh-Rose neuron model is proposed in this paper. The security analysis confirmed that enryption algorithm is well.