bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncommunicable Diseases Household Survey Data Analysis, Sana’a City, Yemen, 2017
Authors: Alkholidy Ghamdan Gamal , Anam Labiba Saeed , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Li Chaoyang
Published: February 2022

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people each year, accounting for 71% of all deaths globally. The burden of NCDs is rising faster in developing countries of the Middle East than in other regions. The morbidity and mortality of NCDs are still not well-studied in Yemen.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of NCDs in Sana’a City, Yemen, for 2017.

Methods

Raw data of a house-to-house survey that was conducted by the Ministry of Public Health and Population in 2017 were analyzed. Data were collected from household heads who were asked if any household member had one of the following five NCDs: hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), bronchial asthma (BA), mental disorders (MD), and epilepsy. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. For calculations of prevalence, 2017 projections from the 2004 census were used.

Results

A total of 241,310 households were surveyed (1,592,646 household members), 59,061 (24.48%) of which included 70,178 members who had at least one NCD. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 4.4%. The disease-specific prevalence was as follows: HTN, 2.3%; DM, 2.2%; BA, 0.4%; MD, 0.27; and epilepsy, 0.19%. The overall NCD prevalence was significantly higher among females than males (5.1% vs 3.8%; odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.33-1.35), which was also the case for the prevalence of HTN (3.1% vs 1.6%; OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.90-1.98), DM (2.3% vs 2.1%; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09-1.13), and BA (0.5% vs 0.3%; OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.49-1.65). In contrast, the prevalence of MD was significantly higher among males than females (0.35% vs 0.16%; OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.06-2.31). The prevalence of NCDs progressively increased with age. Nearly 18% of patients had more than one NCD; 35.2% of the patients with HTN also had DM.

Conclusions

One-quarter of the surveyed households had at least one member with one or more of the five NCDs and the overall prevalence of NCDs was 4.4%. These data reflect only the tip of the iceberg as the findings are based on self-reported diagnosed cases rather than standardized measures. More attention to NCDs, strengthened health care provision, the ability to obtain high-reliability data, an NCDs stepwise survey, and establishing an NCDs surveillance system are recommended.
Evaluation of a Digitally Guided Self-Rehabilitation Device Coupled With Telerehabilitation Monitoring in Patients With Parkinson Disease (TELEP@RK): Open, Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Blanc Margaux , Roy Anne-Laure , Fraudet Bastien , Piette Patrice , Le Toullec Elodie , Nicolas Benoit , Gallien Philippe , Leblong Emilie
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease causing a progressive loss of autonomy. This requires long-term rehabilitation care. Currently, new technologies are being developed for use in daily life, and there is a progressive implementation of telerehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study (the TELEP@RK study) is to evaluate the uses of a digital self-rehabilitation device in patients with Parkinson disease and their independent physiotherapists on the scale of a health territory.

METHODS

A total of 10 independent physiotherapists and 31 patients with Parkinson disease were followed for 1 year to evaluate the use of a telerehabilitation tool (digital tablet and inertial sensor) via questionnaires of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The questionnaires were submitted to participants at 0, 2, and 12 months from the start of follow-up. The averages of the scores of the different determinants and constructs of the UTAUT questionnaires were compared at the different follow-up times.

RESULTS

Among professionals, the averages of the various determinants were generally high at the beginning of the study with an average (out of 5) performance expectancy of 4.19, effort expectancy of 3.88, social influence of 3.95, facilitating conditions of 4, and intention to use of 3.97. These averages decreased over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Acceptability, acceptance, and appropriation of the tool were very high among the physiotherapists as well as the patients, despite the tool’s lack of evolution during the study. In the current health care context, these results allow us to envision a new organization of the care pathway for patients with chronic diseases, with the increased use of new technologies associated with telecare.
Serological Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Companion Animals in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Ullah Aman , Ahsan Aitzaz , Akhtar Siddra Tayyab , Chauhadry Ambreen , Malik Muhammad Wasif , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ansari Jamil A , Ikram Aamer
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Coronaviruses infect both humans and animals. One of these viruses, SARS-CoV-2, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, is believed to be zoonotic in nature with its origins from live animal markets in Wuhan, China. The virus has been reported to transmit from humans to other animals and within animal species both naturally and experimentally in many countries. Being a novel virus, studies are needed to understand how it affects animals, possible spread to humans, and other potential roles in the epidemiology of COVID-19 following a one health approach.

OBJECTIVE

Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional sero-survey among companion animals (pet dogs and cats) in twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan with the aim to determine the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among these animals.

METHODS

The study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021, coinciding with the end of the second wave and the peak of the third wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan. We collected serum samples from 83 animals (68 dogs and 15 cats) from 10 small animal clinics and surgeries in twin cities. The data were collected on the species, age, sex, clinical history, travel history, and confirmation of COVID-19 among the owners or their families, presented with various clinical histories. The samples were tested by ID Screen SARS-CoV-2 double antigen multispecies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by ID.Vet, France.

RESULTS

A combined seroprevalence of COVID-19 among these companion animals of 7.23% (6/83; 95% CI 2.7%-15.07%) was found. Further, the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among dogs and cats were 7.35% (5/68; 95% CI 2.43%-16.33%) and 6.67% (1/15; 95% CI 0.17%-31.95%), respectively. Both species were found to be similarly susceptible to COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.12-10.27; P=.92). Animals in families with a history of COVID-19 among owners were more likely to be seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio 11.8, 95% CI 1.93-71.89; P=.002).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest a possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from pet owners to their companion animals. However, further studies may be needed to evaluate this hypothesis and the role of pets as potential reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 infection for humans and other animals.
Eczema on specific sites may cause systemic eczema in patients with atopic dermatitis (Preprint)
Authors: 王 彥翔
Published: February 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

According to previous research findings, emotions such as anxiety and irritability tend to affect the condition of patients with atopic dermatitis, and these negative emotions often deteriorate their condition. Besides, there are also some related research results point out that the occurrence of eczema and skin lesion often affect the mood of patients with atopic dermatitis, aggravate their condition, and even cause a vicious circle.
Because the occurrence of eczema and skin lesion often affect the mood of patients with atopic dermatitis, and the negative emotions will also worsen the patient's condition. In view of this, we did a questionnaire survey to explore which part of the eczema or skin lesion would make patients with atopic dermatitis most distressed or anxious. We surveyed a total of 26 patients with atopic dermatitis, and it found that 25 of them thought different part of scratch sites or eczema would made themself feel particularly and most uncomfortable. Among of these patients, 20% felt eczema and skin lesion on the feet made them particularly uncomfortable, and 20% felt eczema or wounds on the hands made them anxious. Besides, up to 60% of patients with atopic dermatitis though that the skin lesion and eczema on the head and neck made them feel particularly uncomfortable and anxious.
Potensi Lendir Lele (Clarias batrachus) sebagai Saliva Buatan untuk Perawatan Mulut Kering
Authors: Yoretina Zipora Silka , Djatumurti Deaoxi Renaschantika , Nasikah Roissatun , Susanto Hendri , Yulianto Heribertus Dedy Kusuma
Published: February 2022

Xerostomia merupakan kondisi klinis pasien berupa mulut kering yang dapat meningkakan pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans penyebab kandidiasis. Penanganan pasien xerostomia dapat dilakukakan dengan pemberian saliva buatan. Lendir lele memiliki karakristik dan kemampuan dalam mengganti fungsi saliva sekaligus sebagai antijamur Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi lendir lele (Clarias batrachus) sebagai saliva buatan untuk perawatan mulut kering. Lendir lele (Clarias batrachus) diekstraksi kemudian diformulasikan menjadi saliva buatan dengan konsentrasi 13,2%, 14,4%, dan 17,2%. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur tegangan permukaan menggunakan indikator besarnya sudut kontak tiap tetesan pada glass slide, mengukur derajat keasaman saliva buatan dengan pH meter, serta uji daya hambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans dengan metode disc-diffusion. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA satu jalur dan LSD dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan sudut kontak antara saliva buatan 13,2%, 14,4% dan 17,2% pada glass slide dengan saliva alami dan kontrol positif (p<0.05), Perbedaan daya hambat terhadap koloni Candida albicans signifikan antara saliva buatan dengan kontrol positif dan saliva alami (p<0.05). Berdasarkan uji pH, terdapat perbedaan signifikan ketiga konsentrasi saliva buatan (13,2; 14,4; 17,2%) dengan saliva alami dan kontrol positif. Lendir lele berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan saliva buatan dan dapat berfungsi sebagai anti-jamur (Candida albicans).
Effect of Dried Eucheuma cottonii Stored in Seaweed Storage Device in Its Quality
Authors: Al Wazzan Iwan Malhani , Wullandari Putri , Fauzi Ahmat
Published: February 2022

A seaweed storage device in the form of a bunker has been developed by the Indonesian Research Institute for Fisheries Postharvest Mechanization. This study aimed to compare the quality of dried E. cottonii stored in the seaweed storage device and stored in the sacks placed in the room. Based on SNI 2690:2015, dried E. cottonii quality can be determined from its moisture content, impurities, Clean Anhydrous Weed (CAW), and Total Yeast and Mold Counts (TYMC). Moisture content was measured according to CAW, and contaminants were measured respectively according to SNI 01-2354.2-2-2006, SNI 8168:2015, and SNI 8169:2015. The results showed that moisture content of the seaweed stored in the bunker decreased by 27.17%, and that stored in the sacks decreased by 14.77%, signing a more significant weight loss during storage in the bunker. However, seaweed stored in the bunker has lower impurities (1.70±0.13 vs 1.84±0.13%), higher CAW (40.42±2.45 vs 38.75±2.45%), and TYMC (450±70 vs 2500±115.33 cfu/g).
Assessment of Proximal Tubular Function by Tubular Maximum Phosphate Reabsorption Capacity in Heart Failure
Authors: Emmens Johanna E. , de Borst Martin H. , Boorsma Eva M. , Damman Kevin , Navis Gerjan , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Dickstein Kenneth , Anker Stefan D. , Lang Chim C. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Metra Marco , Samani Nilesh J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ng Leong L. , Voors Adriaan A. , ter Maaten Jozine M.
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a crucial parameter in heart failure. Much less is known about the importance of tubular function. We addressed the effect of tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption capacity (TmP/GFR), a parameter of proximal tubular function, in patients with heart failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We established TmP/GFR (Bijvoet formula) in 2085 patients with heart failure and studied its association with deterioration of kidney function (>25% eGFR decrease from baseline) and plasma neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) doubling (baseline to 9 months) using logistic regression analysis and clinical outcomes using Cox proportional hazards regression. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibition by empagliflozin on tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption capacity in 78 patients with acute heart failure using analysis of covariance.

Results

Low TmP/GFR (<0.80 mmol/L) was observed in 1392 (67%) and 21 (27%) patients. Patients with lower TmP/GFR had more advanced heart failure, lower eGFR, and higher levels of tubular damage markers. The main determinant of lower TmP/GFR was higher fractional excretion of urea (P<0.001). Lower TmP/GFR was independently associated with higher risk of plasma NGAL doubling (odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 4.66; P=0.04) but not with deterioration of kidney function. Lower TmP/GFR was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.73; P=0.005), heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.88; P=0.03), and their combination (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 3.36; P=0.03) after multivariable adjustment. Empagliflozin significantly increased TmP/GFR compared with placebo after 1 day (P=0.004) but not after adjustment for eGFR change.

Conclusions

TmP/GFR, a measure of proximal tubular function, is frequently reduced in heart failure, especially in patients with more advanced heart failure. Lower TmP/GFR is furthermore associated with future risk of plasma NGAL doubling and worse clinical outcomes, independent of glomerular function.
Patient and Caregiver Experiences and Attitudes about Their Involvement in Research in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gutman Talia , Kelly Ayano , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Craig Jonathan C. , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Tong Allison
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives

Although patient and caregiver involvement in research is widely advocated to improve the relevance and uptake of study findings, barriers and uncertainties in achieving this goal remain. This study aimed to describe patient and caregiver experiences and perspectives of their previous involvement in research, to inform strategies to strengthen patient involvement in research.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 adult patients with CKD and caregivers who had previously been involved in research, from Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Denmark. Transcripts were analyzed thematically.

Results

We identified six themes: grappling with CKD diagnosis (overwhelmed by the burden of illness, silenced by stigma and shame, absence of advocacy, and awareness), bearing the responsibility for involvement (autonomy in their own care, forced to be proactive to access opportunities, infrastructural support to connect researchers and patients), battling big agendas (struggling in a system of disincentive, changing research culture, becoming equals), seeing the person behind the patient (harnessing broader knowledge, expertise, skills and interests, understanding patient needs, motivations for involvement), sensitivity to complexities of payment (accounting for individual circumstances, denoting value, enabling diverse involvement), and championing the patient voice (links to important stakeholders, drivers of innovation, responsibility to end users).

Conclusions

The burden of CKD, limited opportunities, and power asymmetry between patients/caregivers and researchers were challenges to meaningful involvement in research. Building trust, awareness of opportunities, and recognizing the broad expertise and value of patients/caregivers, including and beyond their illness experience, may better support patient and caregiver involvement in research in CKD.
The Role of School Management Team in Managing Students’ Academic Performance in Community Secondary Schools in Tabora Municipality- Tanzania
Authors: Jonas Mabula , Mkulu Demetria Gerald
Published: February 2022

This study aimed at examining the role of school management team in managing students’ academic performance in Tabora municipality Tanzania. The study employed mixed method approach and convergent parallel design to collect data. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative data. The study applied simple random sampling technique and purposive technique to collect information from respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select community secondary schools, teachers and students while purposive sampling technique was applied to sample heads of secondary schools and district education officer to participate in the study. The study employed questionnaires and interview guides to collect information from respondents. Questionnaires were applied to collect information from teachers and students while interview guides were used to collect data from heads of schools and District Educational Officer. Quantitative data were analyzed by using statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 20 while thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings revealed that school management team plays a great role in managing the performance of students academically. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that school management team is facing various challenges such as lack of training to members of SMT, insufficient support from community around the school, students’ misbehaviors, inadequate of financial support from the government, unconduicive of teaching and learning environment, lack of teaching and learning materials and lack of parents’ involvement in students learning process. The study suggests that the government should provide enough funds to the school management team in community secondary schools to enable them be able to manage students’ academic performance.
Accountability of Regional Officials of Sidoarjo Regency In The Distribution of Groceries During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Maulana N. M. Akmal , Purnairawan Andre , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin , Jamil Jamil
Published: February 2022

This article aims to analyze the distribution of free groceries in the Sidoarjo regency during the Covid-19 pandemic. Free groceries program for citizens in almost every year by the local government. But it is slightly different in pandemic times like today, where the free Groceries program is more often done and on a large scale. One of them is carried out by the Sidoarjo Regency Government, East Java. Keep in mind that the thing that is affected by the outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus is an economic factor, which makes most people lose their eyes that make the weakening of the economic system in Indonesia no exception in Sidoarjo Regency itself. This paper takes socio-legal research to find out the problem of the distribution of free groceries in the Sidoarjo regency. The results of this study look at the extent of the accountability of the Sidoarjo Regency government with the Covid-19 outbreak in the community, namely from the start of the distribution of free food so that it is expected to provide more concrete results. Sidoarjo Regency government program is expected to be applied in the early stages of formulation, implementation, and evaluation of public policy.
INTERPRETACIÓN DEL WISC-IV. PUNTUACIONES COMPUESTAS Y MODELOS CHC
Authors: Brenlla María Elena
Published: February 2022

Los objetivos de este artículo fueron valorar si la adaptación argentina de la Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Niños, cuarta edición WISC-IV (Taborda, Brenlla y Barbenza, 2011), evalúa los mismos constructos en distintos grupos de edad, analizar si la estructura de puntuaciones compuestas de cuatro dominios específicos y un factor general postulada por los autores del WISC-IV se replica en nuestro medio y evaluar dos modelos alternativos basados en la teoría de Cattel-Horn-Carroll (CHC). Se llevaron a cabo estudios de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de las puntuaciones obtenidas (n = 1437). Los resultados indican que el WISC-IV evalúa los mismos constructos en distintas edades, que tanto la estructura de puntuaciones compuestas propuesta en el WISC-IV como uno de los modelos CHC son significativos para interpretar las puntuaciones del test y que  la varianza explicada es similar en ambos modelos. El WISC-IV evalúa habilidad cristalizada, procesamiento visual, razonamiento fluido, memoria de corto plazo y operativa y procesamiento visual. En particular, se ha notado que  el razonamiento fluido y el procesamiento visual pueden evaluarse por separado o combinados como razonamiento perceptivo.
Fotografía de Leo Barizzoni
Authors: Barizzoni Leo
Published: February 2022

Mi padre, Raúl Barizzoni, trabajó durante cincuenta años ininterrumpidos como periodista deportivo. Fue relator, fue comentarista: su vida era el fútbol. Es decir que desde que nací tuve una pelota en los pies, y en la cabeza. Lo acompañaba religiosamente todos los fines de semana al estadio; miraba el partido sentado debajo de la cabina de radio desde donde él comentaba y luego, al momento del pitazo final, me armaba mi propio partido.
“Los medios uruguayos siguen muy atados a la agenda política”. Entrevista a Darío Klein
Authors: Novarese Carina
Published: February 2022

Darío Klein es jefe de Informativos de Televisión Nacional Uruguay, además de corresponsal de CNN en español en Uruguay, director de la productora multimedia DeAKá y profesor de periodismo en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay. En esta entrevista para dixit presenta su perspectiva sobre el periodismo en Uruguay, el rol de los informativos y el impacto de la tarea de los periodistas en una sociedad. Palabras clave: periodismo, producción periodística, periodismo televisivo, género informativo, información, democracia.Darío Klein is chief of TNU news programs, as well as correspondent for CNN in Spanish in Uruguay, director of DeAka multimedia productions and journalism professor at the Universidad Católica del Uruguay. In this interview he presents his perspective on journalism in Uruguay as well as the role of news programs and the impact that the work of journalists has in society. Key words: journalism, journalistic production, tv journalism, informative genre, information, democracy.
¿Piratear es robar?
Authors: Gosseries Axel
Published: February 2022

En este artículo de opinión, el filósofo belga agrega una perspectiva polémica para pensar la propiedad intelectual hoy. Palabras clave: piratería en Internet, propiedad intelectual, consumidores, productores.In this opinion article, the Belgian philosopher adds a polemical perspective to think of the intelectual property today.Key words: Internet piracy, intellectual property, consumers, producers.Traducción de Pablo Da Silveira.
Analizar las organizaciones es mirar cómo funciona la vida. Entrevista a Mariluz Restrepo
Authors: Arzuaga Mónica
Published: February 2022

Metáforas, abstracciones y densos conceptos teóricos se mezclan con experiencias, casos concretos y asuntos que todos podemos reconocer. Dueña de una capacidad divulgadora exquisita, la colombiana Mariluz Restrepo –referente en teoría de la comunicación organizacional en América Latina– ha sabido combinar su pasión por la filosofía con el análisis de la vida de la organización y sus modos de trabajo. En esta entrevista conversa con Mónica Arzuaga sobre su profesión, el arte de hacer teoría con un pie en la filosofía y otro en la comunicación, y nos prepara para su próxima visita a la Universidad Católica del Uruguay, prevista para noviembre.Metaphors, abstractions and dense theoretical concepts are mixed with experiences, case studies and issues that we can all recognize. With an exquisite communicative ability, the Colombian Mariluz Restrepo –well known in the organizational communication field in Latin America– has very interestingly combined her passion for philosophy with the analysis of organizational life and its working modes. In this interview with Monica Arzuaga, she talks about her profession, the art of making theory with one foot in philosophy and the other one in communication, and prepares us for her next visit to the Catholic University of Uruguay, scheduled in November.
Texto de Inés Bortagaray. El muchacho de los mocasines
Authors: Bortagaray Inés
Published: February 2022

Caminamos bajo los árboles en un día helado de junio. Avanzamos en silencio y oímos el silbido del pasto humedecido por una garúa intermitente que cayó en la tarde. Miro sus mocasines negros, tan poco adecuados para andar en el monte. Unos zapatos conmovedoramente formales que él se ha puesto ignorando la espesura de estos sauces llorones, mataojos y arueras reverdecidos por la lluviecita cuando el invierno es aún temprano.
El fútbol ausente
Authors: Cossi Carlos
Published: February 2022

El fútbol, además de un juego inigualable e imprevisible, es uno de los asuntos más discutidos y tratados en el espacio público. Generador de intensas emociones, espejo ambiguo de pertenencias, catalizador de expectativas y desilusiones, la seducción que ejerce provoca inevitablemente el surgimiento de discursos y concepciones más elaboradas que intentan llegar al corazón del fenómeno. Las últimas actuaciones de la selección uruguaya en el Mundial y en la Copa América han despertado en la opinión pública una abundante serie de juicios y apreciaciones acerca de la peripecia futbolística reciente. Curiosamente, en muy pocos casos para hablar de manera específica de fútbol. El autor de este artículo descubre en el análisis de lo que se dice sobre el fútbol una oportunidad para repensar los límites y fronteras de este deporte, sus vínculos con actividades y emprendimientos centrales en la experiencia de vivir juntos, a la vez que revisar el estado del pensamiento público. Palabras clave: fútbol, política, opinión pública, deporte.Palabras clave: fútbol, política, opinión pública, deporte.Football, besides being an inimitable and unpredictable game, is one of the most discussed topics in the public space. Generator of intense emotions, ambiguous mirror for belongings, catalyst of expectations and disappointments; its seductiveness inevitably causes the emergence of more elaborate speeches and ideas that try to get to the heart of this phenomenon. In the analysis of what is said about football, the author of this article discovers an opportunity to rethink the limits and boundaries of this sport, its links with core activities and undertakings on the experience of living in society while reviewing the state of public opinion.Key words: football, politics, public opinion, sport.
“Un comunicador nunca puede ser ingenuo respecto a los impactos en el uso de Internet”. Entrevista a Carolina Aguerre
Authors: Kweksilber Carola
Published: February 2022

Recientemente fue elegida como una de las ocho referentes en el mundo para representar al sector de la comunidad académica y técnica en el Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG), comité consultivo de honor que asesora al secretario general de Naciones Unidas sobre el programa y los contenidos del Foro de Gobernanza de Internet. Carolina Aguerre, investigadora en el Centro de Tecnología y Sociedad de la Universidad de San Andrés y directora ejecutiva de la asociación Latin American Caribbean Top Level Domain (LACTLD), comenzó su formación académica y carrera docente en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay ; realizó una Maestría en Comunicación, Cultura y Sociedad en la Universidad de Londres y, actualmente, está desarrollando su tesis doctoral en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, sobre el surgimiento de organizaciones para la gestión y las políticas de Internet. Es profesora invitada de la Maestría en Estudios Organizacionales en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay y una frecuente colaboradora de la revista dixit desde su creación. En esta entrevista, Carolina comparte algunos contenidos de su investigación y reflexiona acerca de las aristas técnicas, políticas y humanas implicadas en el desarrollo de Internet.  She was recently chosen as one of the eight world representatives from the academic and technical community at the Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG). This consultative committee advices the United Nations secretary-general on the Internet Governance Forum program and contents. Carolina Aguerre, researcher at Centro de Tecnologia y Sociedad (Technology and Society Centre) from Universidad de San Andres and Executive Director of the Latin American Caribbean Top Level Domain (LACTLD), began her academic education and teaching career at the Universidad Católica del Uruguay. She has a Masters degree in Communication, Culture and Society from the University of London. She is currently developing her doctoral thesis at the Faculty of Social Sciences from the Universidad de Buenos Aires on the emergence of organizationational fields for national internet governance. She is a visiting professor in the Master of Organizational Studies from the Universidad Católica del Uruguay and a frequent contributor to Dixit magazine since its creation. In this interview, Carolina shares some contents from her research and reflects on the technical, political and human issues involved in internet development.
Kidbox, un mundo feliz en Internet
Authors: Gersberg Betina
Published: February 2022

En un almuerzo familiar de sábado, Alan Kind, ingeniero en computación interesado en aplicaciones web, y Martin Larre, abogado con experiencia en la venta de productos editoriales infantiles, conversaban sobre la problemática aún no resuelta en torno al vínculo de los niños e Internet. Notaron que los padres querían usar la red de la mejor manera, pero que esa intención era relegada por el miedo que le tenían. Entonces, con esos dos pilares como objetivos, la de maximizar la experiencia del medio y la de experimentarlo con seguridad, surgió la idea de crear una solución que diera respuesta a esas dos necesidades. Es así que, además de cuñados, estos profesionales se convirtieron en socios fundadores de Kidbox.
Los devenires y las actualizaciones de la autonomía estética del tráiler
Authors: De Oliveira Iuva Patricia
Published: February 2022

Las marcas más evidentes del tráiler constituyen, en parte, las discusiones acerca de su lugar entre lo cinematográfico y lo publicitario. En concordancia con el pensamiento de Deleuze, las cuestiones de este trabajo parten de problematizar las virtualidades del tráiler. Se discuten los devenires contenidos en el interior del propio tráiler, pues él mismo, en cuanto virtualidad, abriga las formas ya actualizadas tanto la publicidad como las que están por venir. Tal abordaje deconstruye la lógica hegemónica publicitaria del tráiler, y el camino metodológico seguido despliega imbricaciones analíticas con el fin de explicitar los movimientos de la autonomía estética y productiva, incluso desde diferentes actualizaciones del tráiler en el cine, en la televisión, en DVD y en internet.
Redes organizacionales: liderazgo, cambio y comunicación. Entrevista a Martín Gargiulo
Authors: Pepe Ana Inés
Published: February 2022

Mucho tiempo antes de que el concepto redes sociales quedara asociado para siempre con Facebook y Twitter, J.C. Mitchell definió la red social como un conjunto específico de lazos entre un conjunto definido de personas, con la propiedad de que las características de estos vínculos pueden ser utilizadas para interpretar la conducta social de los involucrados. El análisis de redes sociales identifica las causas y las consecuencias de esas estructuras de relaciones. Los orígenes conceptuales de la investigación sobre redes sociales pueden rastrearse en trabajos sociológicos publicados en los años 20 que estudiaban los patrones de interacción y comunicación como claves para entender la vida social2. A partir del diseño de aplicaciones informáticas que permiten representar visualmente estos patrones, y del desarrollo de constructos como el de capital social, se ha generado una explosión en la cantidad de investigadores sociales que aplican este análisis. En entrevista para dixit, el profesor Martín Gargiulo desarrolla por qué es importante integrar el análisis de redes sociales a los estudios organizacionales sobre comportamiento, liderazgo, cambio y comunicación.
“Había una necesidad de escribir para los adolescentes”. Entrevista a Cecilia Curbelo
Authors: Tanzi Silvana
Published: February 2022

Su nombre es famoso entre las adolescentes, quienes la siguen como si fuera una cantante de rock o una figura mediática. Sin embargo, Cecilia Curbelo es escritora. Con sus novelas logró algo que parece cada vez más difícil: conquistar un público que suele escaparle a los libros. La decisión de Camila, que va por su octava edición, Las dos caras de Sofía, también convertido en best seller yEste libro es mío, un cuaderno interactivo, generaron un fenómeno editorial exitoso que se retroalimenta con las redes sociales. Allí sus lectoras comentan las historias, intercambian experiencias y hasta consultan a la autora sobre sus problemas. Pero antes del éxito y de los reconocimientos, entre ellos el Premio Cervantes 2011 y el Bartolomé Hidalgo Revelación 2012, Curbelo pasó por trabajos muy diversos y tomó decisiones riesgosas para poder dedicarse a su vocación. Con el mismo espíritu entusiasta con el que crea sus historias y encara sus nuevos proyectos, la escritora conversó sobre la travesía que la llevó hasta sus libros, cuando estaba a punto de publicarLa confesión de Micaela, su último título.
Confianza en los medios de comunicación y su relación con el nivel de institucionalización del sistema de partidos.
Authors: Ponce Matías
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir la relación entre el nivel de institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos y la confianza que se tiene en los medios de comunicación como intermediarios del mensaje político, en dieciocho países de América Latina. La metodología comparada se basa en datos del Barómetro de las Américas 2012, del Latin American Public Opinion Project ( LAPOP ) y del Índice de institucionalización del sistema de partidos de Jones (2005). Se parte de los marcos teóricos clásicos respecto a comunicación política para proponer una asociación entre la confianza en los medios de comunicación y el nivel de institucionalización del sistema de partidos. Sin embargo, el rol que la teoría adjudica a los medios de comunicación como intermediarios del mensaje político entre la opinión pública y los partidos se cumple solo si la ciudadanía percibe que los actores políticos escuchan sus demandas.
Arte y corporeidad, una apuesta para el diálogo intercultural
Authors: García von Hoegen Magda
Published: February 2022

En contextos sociales complejos, donde existen múltiples visiones de vida, procedencias étnicas, sectores sociales que aún no han podido integrarse ni llegar a conocerse, se hace necesario repensar los procesos comunicativos tomando como punto de partida el ser humano integral. El conocimiento maya aporta a ello el concepto del Jun Winäq , la persona plena en todas sus dimensiones. Este elemento permite crear nuevos puentes de diálogo en los que exista interacción profunda entre personas diversas. En este sentido, el presente trabajo propone el arte como plataforma de comunicación que toma en cuenta las áreas emocionales y espirituales humanas, además de las elaboraciones mentales. Desde la corporeidad como código, se parte de los supuestos de que el cuerpo va delante de los procesos intelectuales y que existe una mente encarnada que brinda elementos importantes para superar estadios de confrontación y construir relaciones solidarias. A través de la danza como camino entre nodos de redes comunitarias, música como praxis social, teatro como vía para la encarnación de lo diverso y escritura como puente entre intertextualidades, se desarrolla un proceso de creación artística con jóvenes de Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. En las obras artísticas producidas, se plasman sus propuestas para la convivencia ante los desafíos actuales.
Trazando un mapa de los medios digitales: Uruguay
Authors: Santangelo Giorgina
Published: February 2022

En los últimos quince años, el avance de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), como sistemas tecnológicos mediante los cuales se recibe, manipula y produce información, ha contribuido a un aumento cuantitativo de la conectividad entre las personas y del flujo de información circulante en el mundo. La utilización de las TIC requiere un proceso de digitalización de la información producida que permita recodificar flujos de información y comunicación en diferentes formatos —textos, videos, sonido, voz u otros medios—. En este sentido, el surgimiento de la sociedad de la información no se da simplemente por la inversión en infraestructura y en producción tecnológica, sino que además requiere digitalizar para abrir la posibilidad de los intercambios de información.
Texto de Alberto Vital. Poema de la lluvia
Authors: Vital Alberto
Published: February 2022

Me gustaría que lloviera el resto de mi vida, Felina,que lloviera así, como llueve ahora,ahora que llueve como una tregua,como un regreso a la infancia sigilosa,como una invitación a tomarse con usted un suave tinto señorial.(...)
Teoría de redes y fenómenos de comunicación: problemas metodológicos
Authors: Plottier José Luis
Published: February 2022

La teoría de redes se ha desarrollado en paralelo con la difusión masiva de las redes digitales (Internet y la telefonía móvil). A través del enfoque transdisciplinario de esta teoría se observa una verdadera invasión de científicos duros en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, en particular en el del estudio de los fenómenos de comunicación. Este proceso de endurecimiento de las ciencias sociales tiene sin duda muchos efectos positivos, pero al mismo tiempo genera problemas metodológicos. En este trabajo se describe brevemente dicho proceso y se analizan algunos de los problemas metodológicos que conlleva. Se concluye que es necesaria una convergencia metodológica entre las tradiciones de investigación de las ciencias duras y las de las ciencias sociales, para que la investigación en comunicación pueda dar el salto epistemológico que las redes digitales del siglo XXI requieren.
Ilustración de David de la Mano
Authors: De la Mano David
Published: February 2022

Salamanca, España.daviddelamano@gmail.com
Fotografía de Stéphane Arnaud
Authors: Arnaud Stéphane
Published: February 2022

Soy un periodista francés de 42 años, vivo en París y trabajo en una agencia de prensa internacional. Empecé a hacer street photography, o fotografía callejera, cuando compré mi primer iPhone, en 2012. Siempre había hecho fotografía, pero el iPhone me otorga ahora una libertad y me permite una discreción que jamás había tenido. Ya no tengo ni que preguntarme si llevo una cámara o no, si voy a sacar fotos o no: ahora puedo sacarlas todo el tiempo y en todas partes.
¿Estás ahí? Representación y co-presencia en mundos virtuales
Authors: López de Anda María Magdalena
Published: February 2022

La interacción social en mundos virtuales se experimenta por medio de prácticas que requieren formas de representación digital de quienes participan en ellas. A partir de una observación sistemática en el entorno virtual Second Life (SL), se pretende contribuir a la comprensión de algunas relaciones entre los recursos a través de los cuales los usuarios se muestran a los demás y favorecen una percepción de co-presencia. Se identifican y caracterizan siete formas de relación entre co-presencia y representación. Estas siete categorías dan cuenta de condiciones técnicas del entorno y de estrategias de los participantes para responder a determinadas dinámicas de interacción, haciendo uso de recursos de manejo temporal (ritmos de participación) y espacial (co-presencia diversificada). En conclusión, las formas de encuentro a la distancia amplían la sensación de ubicuidad de los sujetos y representan competencias clave de nuevas formas de socialidad reticular y multiescénica.
Un cine sin espectadores: La teorización sobre el público en el Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de los sesenta
Authors: Silveira Germán
Published: February 2022

El Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de los años sesenta ha proporcionado un vasto y rico panorama de estudios sobre su carácter ideológico (un cine militante), estético (un cine de la pobreza) o formal (un cine imperfecto). Este artículo se propone rescatar uno de los aspectos quizás menos estudiados del llamado Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano: la teorización sobre el público. A través de una lectura crítica de algunos textos fundamentales (manifiestos, entrevistas, films), se expondrá el carácter original que presenta la nueva concepción de público propuesta por los cineastas, a partir de un espectador definido como un actor imprescindible en los procesos de cambio gestados en la región desde la revolución cubana. En definitiva, un espectador alejado de la butaca y más cerca de su tiempo histórico.
Torsion of epiploic appendix following chiropractic movements: A case report
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Ahmad , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , behnamfar Morteza , Etezadpour Mohammad
Published: February 2022

An epiploic appendix torsion is a rare event that can lead to acute
abdominal pain and occurs at any age. Chiropractic is a type of
complementary medicine performed explicitly by spinal manipulations. In
this report, we presented a case who developed acute abdominal pain
after spinal manipulation.
On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks
Authors: Shipilina Daria , Stankowski Sean , Pal Arka , Chan Yingguang Frank , Barton Nick
Published: February 2022

The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of
haplotype-based inference methods. We argue that the term should be
defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph
(ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample.
We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relation
between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasising the
stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest
cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich
structure, which is missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a
number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure as full ARG,
or as a sequence of trees. While some of these new methods are
computationally efficient, they still lack features to aid exploration
of the haplotype blocks, as we define them, thus calling for the
development of new methods. Understanding and applying the concept of
the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and
linked-read sequencing technologies.
The utility of liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound in infectious mononucleosis -- A systematic review
Authors: Tan E Tian , Wilkinson Danielle , Edafe Ovie
Published: February 2022

Introduction: A large proportion of patients with infectious
mononucleosis (IM) have abnormal liver function tests (LFT) at
presentation. There is no guideline regarding the management and
follow-up of these patients. Some patients also have abdominal
ultrasound due to deranged LFT, the need for this practice is unclear.
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence base on
LFT assessment in IM, time to resolution of derangement, and the role of
abdominal ultrasound. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and
the Cochrane library was done. Two authors independently screened
records for eligibility using pre-defined criteria. We included both
adult and paediatric populations. Quality assessment of included studies
was done. Results: A total of 3924 patients were included from 32
studies. A combination of typical clinical features, heterophile
antibodies and EBV-specific antibodies were used to ascertain diagnosis.
The following proportion of patients had abnormal LFTs: AST (57%); ALT
(62%); ALP (65%); Bilirubin (16%); GGT (41%). Reported median
(i.q.r.) time to resolution of LFT was 8 (6–12) weeks. Maximum time to
resolution was >6 months. Clinical hepatomegaly and
splenomegaly were found in 35% and 44% of patients respectively.
Enlarged liver and spleen on ultrasound were seen in 16/29 (55%) and
38/38 (100%) of patients respectively. There were no reports of
decompensated liver disease. Conclusion: Derangement in LFTs can persist
over six months from initial presentation in IM. However, this is
self-limiting. The evidence suggests serial liver function assessments
and ultrasound abdomen are not required in immunocompetent patients with
subclinical derangement in LFTs.
Global optimal solutions of a system of differential equations via measure of noncompactness
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa , Markin Jack
Published: February 2022

We establish the existence of best proximity points (pairs) for a new class
of cyclic (noncyclic) condensing operators by using the concept of measure
of noncompactness. Our conclusions extend and improve the main results of
[Indagationes Math. 29 (2018), 895-906]. By applying our results, we prove a
coupled best proximity point theorem and investigate the existence of a
solution for a system of differential equations.
Lithium reduces orthodontically induced root resorption by suppressing cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation in rats
Authors: Ueda-Ichinose Yuika , Hotokezaka Hitoshi , Miyazaki Toshihiro , Moriishi Takeshi , Hotokezaka Yuka , Arizono Keira , Nakamura Takuya , Yoshida Noriaki
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To examine whether lithium suppresses orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) via two mechanisms (prevention of hyalinization in periodontal tissue and suppression of odontoclasts) and to investigate the changes in the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, focusing on the appearance of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts.

Materials and Methods

The maxillary first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats were moved mesially by a closed-coil spring for 14 days. Lithium chloride (LiCl; 0.64 mM/kg) or saline (control) was administered intraperitoneally daily. Tooth movements were measured using micro–computed tomography. Appearances of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts were evaluated by histological analysis.

Results

OIRR observed on day 14 in the control group was suppressed strongly by LiCl administration. Apoptotic cells observed on day 1 in the compression area were gradually diminished on days 2 and 3 and transformed to hyalinization tissue in the control group. LiCl administration remarkably suppressed this cell death and subsequent hyalinization. Also, the appearance of odontoclasts in the compression area observed on day 7 was significantly suppressed by LiCl administration. Accordingly, these degenerative processes to OIRR were suppressed substantially by LiCl treatment.

Conclusions

Lithium reduces OIRR through the suppression of periodontal ligament cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation.