bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations on pre‐hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Mebazaa Alexandre , Yilmaz M. Birhan , Levy Phillip , Ponikowski Piotr , Peacock W. Frank , Laribi Said , Ristic Arsen D. , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Masip Josep , Riley Jillian P. , McDonagh Theresa , Mueller Christian , deFilippi Christopher , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Thiele Holger , Piepoli Massimo F. , Metra Marco , Maggioni Aldo , McMurray John , Dickstein Kenneth , Damman Kevin , Seferovic Petar M. , Ruschitzka Frank , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , Bellou Abdelouahab , Anker Stefan D. , Filippatos Gerasimos
Published: May 2015

Acute heart failure is a fatal syndrome. Emergency physicians, cardiologists, intensivists, nurses and other health care providers have to cooperate to provide optimal benefit. However, many treatment decisions are opinion‐based and few are evidenced‐based. This consensus paper provides guidance to practicing physicians and nurses to manage acute heart failure in the pre‐hospital and hospital setting. Criteria of hospitalization and of discharge are described. Gaps in knowledge and perspectives in the management of acute heart failure are also detailed. This consensus paper on acute heart failure might help enable contiguous practice.
(9,10‐Dihydroxyoctadecyl)ammonium: A Structurally Unique Class of Clay Intercalable Surfactants
Authors: Jankovič Luboš , Kronek Juraj , Madejová Jana , Hronský Viktor
Published: May 2015

The structurally unique clay–intercalable (9,10‐dihydroxyoctadecyl)trimethylammonium (OH‐ODTMA) cationic surfactant was synthesized in two steps from commercially available oleylamine. Sodium montmorillonite was modified by a cation‐exchange reaction by using three different octadecyltrimethylamonium ODTMA‐based organic cations. Basal spacings, surfactant configuration, the interlamellar structure, and the thermal stability of the resulting organomontmorillonites were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and NMR spectroscopy techniques. Magic‐angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the coexistence of ordered (all‐trans) and disordered (gauche) alkyl chain conformations. Deconvolution of the NMR spectra indicated that the conformational ordering of the surfactant molecules within the gallery of montmorillonite strongly depended on their orientation, the presence of functional groups, and the temperature. Relative to that found in ODTMA‐MT, the amount of gauche conformers was significantly higher in montmorillonite intercalated with the OH‐ODTMA cation and higher than that in the synthetic precursor, the oleyltrimethylammonium cation. Changes in the ordering of the organic cations were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy with a distinct frequency shift in the CH stretching and overtone bands. The novel alkylammonium surfactant functionalized with two OH groups in the middle of the backbone represents a prospective ingredient for organoclay–polyurethane nanocomposites.
In vitro protein profiles in the early and late stages of Douglas‐fir xylogenesis
Authors: Dziedzic Jowita A. , McDonald Armando G.
Published: May 2015

The process of wood formation is of great interest to control and manipulate wood quality for economically important gymnosperms. A Douglas‐fir tissue culture system was developed that could be induced to differentiate into tracheary elements (fibers) making it possible to monitor xylogenesis in vitro by a proteomics approach. Two proteomes were analyzed and compared, one from an early and one from a late stage of the fiber differentiation process. After 18 weeks in a differentiation‐inducing medium, 80% of the callus cells were elongated while 20% showed advanced spiral thickening indicating full wood fiber differentiation. Based on 2D electrophoresis, MS, and data analyses (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001484.), it was shown that in nondifferentiated callus (representing an early stage of development), proteins related to protein metabolism, cellular energy, and primary cell wall metabolism were abundant. By comparison, in cells actively differentiating wood fibers (representing a late stage of development), proteins involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis predominated together with housekeeping and stress‐associated proteins.
Electroosmotic flow and Joule heating in preparative continuous annular electrochromatography
Authors: Laskowski René , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: May 2015

An openFOAM “computational fluid dynamic” simulation model was developed for the description of local interaction of hydrodynamics and Joule heating in annular electrochromatography. A local decline of electrical conductivity of the background eluent is caused by an electrokinetic migration of ions resulting in higher Joule heat generation. The model equations consider the Navier–Stokes equation for incompressible fluids, the energy equation for stationary temperature fields, and the mass transfer equation for the electrokinetic flow. The simulations were embedded in commercial ANSYS Fluent software and in open‐source environment openFOAM. The annular gap (1 mm width) contained an inorganic C8 reverse‐phase monolith as stationary phase prepared by an in situ sol–gel process. The process temperature generated by Joule heating was determined by thermal camera system. The local hydrodynamics in the prototype was detected by a gravimetric contact‐free measurement method and experimental and simulated values matched quite well.
Influence of operating parameters on the bio‐photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen and electricity production
Authors: Chen Qing‐Yun , Liu Jian‐Shan , Liu Ya , Liu Xiao‐He , Wang Yun‐Hai
Published: May 2015

Hydrogen and electricity can be produced simultaneously via a dual chamber bio‐photoelectrochemical cell. This cell is designed with a proton exchange membrane to separate the bio‐anode and the n‐type titanium dioxide photocathode. The effects of photocathode size, catholyte pH, illumination intensity, and external resistance on electricity and hydrogen production are investigated. By increasing the photocathode size or decreasing catholyte pH, the performance for hydrogen and electricity production increases. By using photocathode size of 3 cm2 at neutral pH, the highest power density of 47.4 mW m−2 was obtained under 350 W light irradiation. Hydrogen production rate of 14.1 uL h−1 can be achieved with external resistance of 1,000 Ω. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1796–1800, 2015
Interfacial tension and contact angle measurements for the evaluation of CO2‐brine two‐phase flow characteristics in porous media
Authors: Liu Yu , Mutailipu Meiheriayi , Jiang Lanlan , Zhao Jiafei , Song Yongchen , Chen Lingyu
Published: May 2015

It is of great importance to investigate gas and water flow characteristics to better understand the geological CO2 sequestration process. The interfacial tension between CO2 and brine and the wettability of reservoir rocks are the most important parameters for two‐phase flow in porous media that have a significant influence on the capacity of CO2 storage. In this paper, we present a set of interfacial tension data between CO2 and a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and the contact angle data between CO2, NaCl and quartz by using a visual experimental method at multiple pressure, temperature and salinity conditions. We also performed simulations of CO2 and NaCl solution two‐phase flow in quartz bead‐packed beds by introducing interfacial tension and contact angle data into the pore network model to evaluate the relative permeability and capillary pressure. We found that the phase alternation of CO2 from a gas to its supercritical state has a significant influence on the wettability of pore surfaces and thus governs the capillary trapping mechanism. This indicates that CO2 sequestration efficiency in a saline aquifer will be greatly affected while CO2 is in its different phase states. The simulation results showed that a pore network model is available for the study of CO2 and brine two‐phase flow characteristics in porous media. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1756–1762, 2015
Income Elasticity of Vaccines Spending versus General Healthcare Spending
Authors: Alfonso Y. Natalia , Ding Guiru , Bishai David
Published: May 2015

Using cross‐country data on gross domestic product and national expenditure on vaccines, we estimate and compare the income elasticity of vaccine expenditure and general curative healthcare expenditure. This study provides the first evidence on the national income elasticity of vaccination spending. Both fixed and random effects models are applied to data from 84 countries from 2010 to 2011. The income elasticities for healthcare expenditure and vaccine expenditure are 0.844 and 0.336, respectively. Despite vaccines' high cost‐effectiveness, the national propensity to spend income on vaccines as income increases lags behind general health care. The low income elasticity of vaccine spending means that relying on economic growth alone will provide an unacceptably slow trajectory to achieving high vaccine coverage levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rejection triggers liver transplant tolerance: Involvement of mesenchyme‐mediated immune control mechanisms in mice
Authors: Morita Miwa , Joyce Daniel , Miller Charles , Fung John J. , Lu Lina , Qian Shiguang
Published: May 2015

Liver tolerance was initially recognized by the spontaneous acceptance of liver allografts in many species. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. However, liver transplant (LT) tolerance absolutely requires interferon (IFN)‐γ, a rejection‐associated inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we investigated the rejection of liver allografts deficient in the IFN‐γ receptor and reveal that the liver graft is equipped with machineries capable of counterattacking the host immune response through a mesenchyme‐mediated immune control (MMIC) mechanism. MMIC is triggered by T effector (Tef) cell‐derived IFN‐γ that drives expression of B7‐H1 on graft mesenchymal cells leading to Tef cell apoptosis. We describe the negative feedback loop between graft mesenchymal and Tef cells that ultimately results in LT tolerance. Comparable elevations of T‐regulatory cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells were observed in both rejection and tolerance groups and were not dependent on IFN‐γ stimulation, suggesting a critical role of Tef cell elimination in tolerance induction. We identify potent MMIC activity in hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. MMIC is unlikely exclusive to the liver, given that spontaneous acceptance of kidney allografts has been reported, although less commonly, probably reflecting variance in MMIC activity. Conclusion: MMIC may represent an important homeostatic mechanism that supports peripheral tolerance and could be a target for the prevention and treatment of transplant rejection. This study highlights that the graft is an active participant in the equipoise between tolerance and rejection and warrants more attention in the search for tolerance biomarkers. (Hepatology 2015;62:915–931)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor S acts as a metastatic suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by control of epithermal growth factor receptor–induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Chao , Gao Qiang , Shi Jie‐Yi , Guo Wei‐Jie , Yang Liu‐Xiao , Liu Xin‐Yang , Liu Long‐Zi , Ma Li‐Jie , Duan Meng , Zhao Ying‐Jun , Wu Yong‐Na , Gao Dong‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Shi Guo‐Ming , Ding Zhen‐Bin , Ke Ai‐Wu , Tang Qi‐Qun , Cao Ya , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia
Published: May 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third‐most lethal cancer worldwide. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of HCC recurrence and metastasis is the key to improve patients’ prognosis. In this study, we report that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor S (PTPRS) is significantly down‐regulated in nearly 80% of HCCs, and its expression negatively correlates with aggressive pathological features, such as larger tumor size and advanced stage. In addition, PTPRS deficiency is independently associated with shorter survival and increased recurrence in patients, although 16.7% of HCCs show intratumor heterogeneous expression of PTPRS. Restoration of wild‐type, but not mutant, PTPRS expression significantly inhibits HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as lung metastasis in vivo, whereas knockdown of its expression significantly promotes invasion and metastasis. Notably, PTPRS‐regulated HCC invasiveness is accompanied by typical changes of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, PTPRS forms a complex with epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulates its tyrosine residues’ phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of EGFR reverses the metastasis‐inhibiting effects of PTPRS, whereas silencing of EGFR or inhibiting phosphorylation of key molecules in EGFR downstream pathways reinhibits EMT and metastasis caused by PTPRS down‐regulation. Meanwhile, promoter hypermethylation of PTPRS is frequently detected in HCC samples and cell lines. Treatment with a demethylation agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, recovers PTPRS expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Epigenetic inactivation of PTPRS may increase phosphorylation and activity of EGFR signaling to promote EMT and metastasis in HCC. (Hepatology 2015;62:1201‐1214)
Characterization of amoxicillin‐ and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells in patients with amoxicillin‐clavulanate–induced liver injury
Authors: Kim Seung‐Hyun , Saide Katy , Farrell John , Faulkner Lee , Tailor Arun , Ogese Monday , Daly Ann K. , Pirmohamed Munir , Park B. Kevin , Naisbitt Dean J.
Published: May 2015

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether drug‐responsive T lymphocytes are detectable in patients who developed DILI with the combination, antimicrobial amoxicillin‐clavulanate. Lymphocytes from 6 of 7 patients were found to proliferate and/or secrete interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) when cultured with amoxicillin and/or clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin (n = 105) and clavulanic acid (n = 16) responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell clones expressing CCR, chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 4, CCR9, and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 3 were generated from patients with and without HLA risk alleles; no cross‐reactivity was observed between the two drug antigens. Amoxicillin clones were found to secrete a heterogeneous panel of mediators, including IFN‐γ, interleukin‐22 and cytolytic molecules. In contrast, cytokine secretion by the clavulanic acid clones was more restricted. CD4+ and CD8+ clones were major histocompatability complex class II and I restricted, respectively, with the drug antigen being presented to CD4+ clones in the context of HLA‐DR molecules. Several pieces of evidence indicate that the clones were activated by a hapten mechanism: First, professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) were required for optimal activation; second, pulsing APCs for 4‐16 hours activated the clones; and third, inhibition of processing abrogated the proliferative response and cytokine release. Conclusion: Both amoxicillin‐ and clavulanic acid–specific T cells participate in the liver injury that develops in certain patients exposed to amoxicillin‐clavulanate. (Hepatology 2015;62:887‐899)
Structure and stability of supramolecular crown ether complexes
Authors: Hintze Kim Julia , Lützen Arne , Bredow Thomas
Published: May 2015

Despite the fact that the complexation of ammonium cations with ionophores like crown ethers plays an important role in biological and industrial processes, there is still a lack of theoretical methods to reproduce or even predict the host–guest complex structures or their thermodynamic stabilities in an accurate manner. Hence, the development of ionophores has often relied on a trial‐and‐error approach and the synthetic efforts associated with this have been enormous, so far. Therefore, theoretical methods for the reliable prediction of binding affinities of crown ether derivatives with ammonium ions would be an indispensable tool for the rational design of new receptors with tailored properties. Here, we suggest a computationally efficient but still accurate theoretical approach. It is tested for a model system consisting of 18‐crown‐6 ether and an ammonium cation, but is invented for application to much larger complexes. The accuracy of various approximate quantum‐chemical methods, based on density functional theory (DFT) and many‐body perturbation theory, is evaluated against the gold standard CCSD(T) in the basis set limit as internal reference. An important aspect is the consideration of dispersion interactions in DFT methods, for which the dispersion‐correction by Grimme was employed. For all selected methods, the basis‐set dependence of calculated interaction energies was investigated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacodynamics of norepinephrine reuptake inhibition: Modeling the peripheral and central effects of atomoxetine, duloxetine, and edivoxetine on the biomarker 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol in humans
Authors: Kielbasa William , Lobo Evelyn
Published: May 2015

Norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter in the autonomic sympathetic nervous system, is deaminated by monoamine oxidase to 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). Inhibition of the NE transporter (NET) using DHPG as a biomarker was evaluated using atomoxetine, duloxetine, and edivoxetine as probe NET inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were obtained from healthy subjects (n = 160) from 5 clinical trials. An indirect response model was used to describe the relationship between drug plasma concentration and DHPG concentration in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The baseline plasma DHPG concentration (1130–1240 ng/mL) and Imax (33%–37%) were similar for the 3 drugs. The unbound plasma drug IC50 (IC50U) based on plasma DHPG was 0.973 nM for duloxetine, 0.136 nM for atomoxetine, and 0.041 nM for edivoxetine. The baseline CSF DHPG concentration (1850–2260 ng/mL) was similar for the 3 drugs, but unlike plasma DHPG, the Imax for DHPG was 38% for duloxetine, 53% for atomoxetine, and75% for edivoxetine. The IC50U based on CSF DHPG was 2.72 nM for atomoxetine, 1.22 nM for duloxetine, and 0.794 nM for edivoxetine. These modeling results provide insights into the pharmacology of NET inhibitors and the use of DHPG as a biomarker.
Weighing the adverse cardiac effects of fluoroquinolones: A risk perspective
Authors: Mehrzad Raman , Barza Michael
Published: May 2015

A rare side effect of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics is QT prolongation, which may result in serious arrhythmias. Most published comparative trials describe the relative risks among the drug class but do not focus on the incidence of serious arrhythmias. It is important for the prescriber to have a sense not only of relative risk but also of incidence to balance the risks against the other attributes of the individual members of the drug class. A review of English‐language literature was performed to identify trials that provide data on the relative risk and, when able to be calculated, the incidence of adverse cardiac events among the commonly used FQs. Moxifloxacin had a several‐fold higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias than levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in randomized trials. However, the actual event rate was low in 2 of 3 studies. Given inconsistencies among the studies and the relative rarity of the events, the clinician need not base the choice of drug primarily on concern for a cardiac arrhythmia except in patients at the highest risk of such an event.
Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples
Authors: De Greef Daniel , Buytaert Jan A.N. , Aerts Johan R.M. , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Dierick Manuel , Dirckx Joris
Published: May 2015

A multitude of morphological aspects of the human middle ear (ME) were studied qualitatively and/or quantitatively through the postprocessing and interpretation of micro‐CT (micro X‐ray computed tomography) data of six human temporal bones. The samples were scanned after phosphotungstic acid staining to enhance soft‐tissue contrast. The influence of this staining on ME ossicle configuration was shown to be insignificant. Through postprocessing, the image data were converted into surface models, after which the approaches diverged depending on the topics of interest. The studied topics were: the ME ligaments; morphometric and mechanical parameters of the ossicles relating to inertia and the ossicular lever arm ratio; the morphology of the distal incus; the contact surface areas of the tympanic membrane (TM) and of the stapes footplate; and the thickness of the TM, round window of the cochlea, ossicle joint spaces, and stapedial annular ligament. Some of the resulting insights are relevant in ongoing discussions concerning ME morphology and mechanical functions, while other results provide quantitative data to add to existing data. All findings are discussed in the light of other published data and many are relevant for the construction of mechanical finite element simulations of the ME. J. Morphol. 276:1025–1046, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 induces distinct cell death mechanisms in H9C2 cells and its differentiated form
Authors: Ranjani Jothi , Pushpanathan Muthuirulan , Mahesh Ayyavu , Niraimathi Marimuthu , Gunasekaran Paramasamy , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash
Published: May 2015

Bacterial infections in myocardium may lead to the myocardial damage, which may progress to dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrest. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to cause myocarditis and other systemic infections especially in immunocompromised patients. To understand the cellular responses during the establishment of infection in myocardium, we challenged differentiated H9C2 cells with P. aeruginosa PAO1. We also did comparison studies with infected undifferentiated form of H9C2 cells. Invasion studies revealed that PAO1 can invade both forms of cells and is able to survive and replicate within the host. Internalization of PAO1 was confirmed by live cell imaging and flow cytometry analysis. Though invasion of the pathogen triggered an increased ROS production in the host cells at earlier post‐infection periods, it was decreased at later post‐infection periods. Invasion of PAO1 induced cell death through apoptosis in differentiated H9C2 cells. Significant decrease in cell size, formation of polarized mitochondria, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in the infected differentiated cells. On the contrary, cell death preceded by multinucleation was observed in infected undifferentiated H9C2 cells. Morphological markers such as multinuclei and micro nuclei were observed. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase corroborates that the undifferentiated H9C2 cells experienced cell death preceded by multinucleation.
Quantitative on‐line concentration for capillary electrophoresis with inkjet sample introduction technique
Authors: Rang Ying , Zeng Hulie , Nakajima Hizuru , Kato Shungo , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: May 2015

A quantitative sample introduction method based upon inkjet injection was applied to capillary electrophoresis coupled with stacking and sweeping on‐line concentration techniques. Methylxanthines were used as model compounds for the proof‐of‐concept of the method. The volume of injected sample could be easily manipulated by controlling the number of ejected droplets in the injection procedure. Under optimized conditions, a linear relationship between the ejected droplet number and peak area was obtained when the droplet number introduced into the capillary was less than 100. Under optimized quantitative on‐line concentration conditions, the limits of detection for theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline were 1.0, 2.0, and 1.0 μM, respectively. The inkjet injection system was evaluated by comparing it with conventional injection methods. The electropherogram of the inkjet injection mode was the same as that for hydrodynamic injection mode, and no sample discrimination was observed compared with the electrokinetic injection mode. The established method was applied to the determination of methylxanthines in bottled green tea. The recoveries of theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline were 94.1, 110.6, and 86.8%, respectively. We conclude that proposed method can be used for quantitative concentration for capillary electrophoresis, thus resulting in an improved accuracy.
Effect of resection depth of early glottic cancer on vocal outcome: An optimized finite element simulation
Authors: Mau Ted , Palaparthi Anil , Riede Tobias , Titze Ingo R.
Published: May 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

To test the hypothesis that subligamental cordectomy produces superior acoustic outcome than subepithelial cordectomy for early (T1–2) glottic cancer that requires complete removal of the superficial lamina propria but does not involve the vocal ligament.

Study Design

Computer simulation.

Methods

A computational tool for vocal fold surgical planning and simulation (the National Center for Voice and Speech Phonosurgery Optimizer‐Simulator) was used to evaluate the acoustic output of alternative vocal fold morphologies. Four morphologies were simulated: normal, subepithelial cordectomy, subligamental cordectomy, and transligamental cordectomy (partial ligament resection). The primary outcome measure was the range of fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL). A more restricted F0‐SPL range was considered less favorable because of reduced acoustic possibilities given the same range of driving subglottic pressure and identical vocal fold posturing.

Results

Subligamental cordectomy generated solutions covering an F0‐SPL range 82% of normal for a rectangular vocal fold. In contrast, transligamental and subepithelial cordectomies produced significantly smaller F0‐SPL ranges, 57% and 19% of normal, respectively.

Conclusion

This study illustrates the use of the Phonosurgery Optimizer‐Simulator to test a specific hypothesis regarding the merits of two surgical alternatives. These simulation results provide theoretical support for vocal ligament excision with maximum muscle preservation when superficial lamina propria resection is necessary but the vocal ligament can be spared on oncological grounds. The resection of more tissue may paradoxically allow the eventual recovery of a better speaking voice, assuming glottal width is restored. Application of this conclusion to surgical practice will require confirmatory clinical data.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:1892–1899, 2015
Diagnosis and treatment of acute sinusitis in the primary care setting: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Pynnonen Melissa A. , Lynn Shana , Kern Hayley E. , Novis Sarah J. , Akkina Sarah R. , Keshavarzi Nahid R. , Davis Matthew M.
Published: May 2015

Objectives and Hypothesis

Our objectives were to characterize the quality of acute sinusitis care and to identify nonclinical factors associated with antibiotic use for acute sinusitis. We hypothesized that we would identify provider‐level factors associated with antibiotic use.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort at a single academic institution.

Methods

We developed and clinically annotated an administrative dataset of adult patients diagnosed with acute sinusitis between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006. We used identify factors associated with receipt of antibiotics.

Results

We find that 66.0% of patients with mild symptoms of short duration are given antibiotics, and that nonclinical factors, including the individual provider, the provider's specialty, and the presence of a medical trainee, significantly influence antibiotic use. Relative to internal medicine providers, family medicine providers use fewer antibiotics, and emergency medicine providers use more antibiotics for acute sinusitis.

Conclusions

Antibiotics continue to be overused for patients with mild acute sinusitis of short duration. Nonclinical characteristics, including the individual provider, the provider's specialty, and the presence of a medical trainee, significantly influence use of antibiotics for acute sinusitis.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:2266–2272, 2015
NMR study of localization and mobility of 1‐phenylethanol enantiomers in homochiral metal‐organic sorbent Zn2(bdc)(S‐lac)(dmf)
Authors: Gallyamov M. R. , Yutkin M. P. , Moroz N. K. , Kozlova S. G. , Gabuda S. P.
Published: May 2015

Structural features of localization of chiral isomers of 1‐phenylethanol (R‐PhEtOH and S‐PhEtOH) and their mobility activation in homochiral metal‐organic [Zn2(bdc)(S‐lac)(dmf)] sorbent were studied with 1H and 13C NMR methods. 13C NMR chemical shifts do not show obvious advantage of selective interaction of molecule guests. But activation molecular mobility of S‐PhEtOH and R‐PhEtOH clearly indicates that stabilization of [Zn2(bdc)(S‐lac)(dmf)]·S‐PhEtOH structure is more preferable than stabilization of [Zn2(bdc)(S‐lac)(dmf)]·R‐PhEtOH structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating t1ρ cartilage imaging using compressed sensing with iterative locally adapted support detection and JSENSE
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Pandit Prachi , Pedoia Valentina , Rivoire Julien , Wang Yanhua , Liang Dong , Li Xiaojuan , Ying Leslie
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To accelerate T1ρ quantification in cartilage imaging using combined compressed sensing with iterative locally adaptive support detection and JSENSE.

Methods

To reconstruct T1ρ images from accelerated acquisition at different time of spin‐lock (TSLs), we propose an approach to combine an advanced compressed sensing (CS) based reconstruction technique, LAISD (locally adaptive iterative support detection), and an advanced parallel imaging technique, JSENSE. Specifically, the reconstruction process alternates iteratively among local support detection in the domain of principal component analysis, compressed sensing reconstruction of the image sequence, and sensitivity estimation with JSENSE. T1ρ quantification results from accelerated scans using the proposed method are evaluated using in vivo knee cartilage data from bilateral scans of three healthy volunteers.

Results

T1ρ maps obtained from accelerated scans (acceleration factors of 3 and 3.5) using the proposed method showed results comparable to conventional full scans. The T1ρ errors in all compartments are below 1%, which is well below the in vivo reproducibility of cartilage T1ρ reported from previous studies.

Conclusion

The proposed method can significantly accelerate the acquisition process of T1ρ quantification on human cartilage imaging without sacrificing accuracy, which will greatly facilitate the clinical translation of quantitative cartilage MRI. Magn Reson Med 75:1617–1629, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia
Authors: Scott Angela , Glover Jason , Skoda‐Smith Suzanne , Torgerson Troy R. , Xu Min , Burroughs Lauri M. , Woolfrey Ann E. , Fleming Mark D. , Shimamura Akiko
Published: May 2015

Aplastic anemia in the neonate is rare. We report a case of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia. This report highlights the importance of considering SCID early in the evaluation of neonatal aplastic anemia prior to the development of infectious complications. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the performance of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells over 4% by controlled addition of oxygen during film deposition
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Chen Chao , Wang Liang , Zhong Jie , Luo Miao , Chen Jie , Xue Ding‐Jiang , Li Dengbing , Zhou Ying , Tang Jiang
Published: May 2015

Sb2Se3 has attracted great research interest very recently as a promising absorber material for thin film photovoltaics due to its suitable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and non‐toxic, low cost, and earth abundant nature. In this work, a significant efficiency improvement to 4.8% of superstrate cadmium sulfide (CdS)/Sb2Se3 solar cells is obtained by the controlled addition of oxygen during thermal evaporation of Sb2Se3 films. Systematic materials and device physics characterization reveal that oxygen addition during Sb2Se3 film evaporation significantly improves the CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction quality through effective passivation of interfacial defect states, resulting in a substantial enhancement in device circuit voltage and short circuit current density. The 4.8% device is the highest efficiency thus far reported for Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pitfalls in histone propionylation during bottom‐up mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Meert Paulien , Govaert Elisabeth , Scheerlinck Ellen , Dhaenens Maarten , Deforce Dieter
Published: May 2015

Despite their important role in regulating gene expression, posttranslational histone modifications remain technically challenging to analyze. For identification by bottom‐up MS, propionylation is required prior to and following trypsin digestion. Hereby, more hydrophobic peptides are generated enabling RP HPLC separation. When histone dynamics are studied in a quantitative manner, specificity, and efficiency of this chemical derivatization are crucial. Therefore we examined eight different protocols, including two different propionylation reagents. This revealed amidation (up to 70%) and methylation (up to 9%) of carboxyl groups as a side reaction. Moreover, incomplete (up to 85%) as well as a specific propionylation (up to 63%) can occur, depending on the protocol. These results highlight the possible pitfalls and implications for data analysis when doing bottom‐up MS on histones.
An improved workflow for quantitative N‐terminal charge‐based fractional diagonal chromatography (ChaFRADIC) to study proteolytic events in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Venne A. Saskia , Solari Fiorella A. , Faden Frederik , Paretti Tomasso , Dissmeyer Nico , Zahedi René P.
Published: May 2015

We applied an extended charge‐based fractional diagonal chromatography (ChaFRADIC) workflow to analyze the N‐terminal proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Using iTRAQ protein labeling and a multi‐enzyme digestion approach including trypsin, GluC, and subtilisin, a total of 200 μg per enzyme, and measuring only one third of each ChaFRADIC‐enriched fraction by LC‐MS, we quantified a total of 2791 unique N‐terminal peptides corresponding to 2249 different unique N‐termini from 1270 Arabidopsis proteins. Our data indicate the power, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the applied strategy that might be applicable to quantify proteolytic events from as little as 20 μg of protein per condition across up to eight different samples. Furthermore, our data clearly reflect the methionine excision dogma as well as the N‐end rule degradation pathway (NERP) discriminating into a stabilizing or destabilizing function of N‐terminal amino acid residues. We found bona fide NERP destabilizing residues underrepresented, and the list of neo N‐termini from wild type samples may represent a helpful resource during the evaluation of NERP substrate candidates. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001855 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001855).
Can Travelling Mothers Ever Arrive? Articulating Internal and International Migration within a Transnational Perspective of Care
Authors: Huang Shu‐Mei
Published: May 2015

Tracing the continuously changing dynamics between China and its quasi‐independent capitalist ‘special territory’, Hong Kong, this paper brings together the under‐recognised cross‐border caregivers and over‐recognised care consumers in the wake of multiple care crises, articulating how internal and international migration clashes in the borderlands crossed by various kinds of travelling mothers from the Mainland. With a focus on care as social practices and relations, it observes how the boundary between internal and international migrations shifts and multiplies as care is alienated, displaced, and commodified. To understand the mobility and multiplicity of borders, it adopts an integrated framework that links internal and international migration studies, and more importantly, attends to care. A transnational perspective on the dynamics of mobile, unpaid care labour, as they play out within the boundaries of the same, recently ‘re‐integrated’ country, further suggests that attention must be paid to the conceptual terrains and lived experiences of those who live and move in‐between internal and international migration regimes, especially the invisible caregivers who frequently travel across borders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Hydrologic Alteration on Capture Efficiency of Freshwater Fishes in a Highly Modified Prairie Stream
Authors: Neufeld K. R. , Poesch M. S. , Watkinson D. A.
Published: May 2015

Hydrology is a defining feature of aquatic ecosystems. Changes in stream hydrology, due to climate change, water use and impoundment, have been shown to negatively affect fish populations. Assessing changes in hydrology and its effect on fish populations and communities remains an important consideration for aquatic monitoring programmes across the globe. In this study, we used the Milk River in southern Alberta as a model system to understand how hydrologic alteration may also affect capture probabilities of fishes and impact instream monitoring programmes. The Milk River receives the majority of its April to October flow via an inter‐basin transfer from the St. Mary River, drastically altering the hydrologic regime and instream habitats for fishes during this augmentation period. We estimated species‐specific seine net capture probabilities of fishes in the Milk River during augmentation and natural flow periods using depletion surveys in both open and enclosed sites. Using habitat data collected during the seine surveys, linear mixed‐effects models were created with capture efficiency as the dependent variable. Models were compared using corrected Akaike's information criterion, and the relative contributions of the different variables to the top models were examined. We found that species and flow characteristics, such as water velocity and the state of augmentation, played a prominent role in many of the top models explaining variation in capture efficiency. These results demonstrate that changes to stream hydrology clearly have the potential to impact gear efficiency and individual species assessments. Stream monitoring programmes, which aim to determine long‐term trends in aquatic ecosystem health, need to be mindful that any change to stream hydrology—from climate change, fragmentation or stream alteration—can alter capture efficiency of the sampling gear and inadvertently alter species‐specific trends. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building Moral Strength: Bridging the Moral Judgment–Action Gap
Authors: Sweeney Patrick J. , Imboden Matthew W. , Hannah Sean T.
Published: May 2015

This chapter reviews the literature on the moral self and student development and highlights the best practices for enhancing students’ moral strength.
Learning About Ethical Leadership Through the Giving Voice to Values Curriculum
Authors: Gentile Mary C.
Published: May 2015

This chapter explores the Giving Voice to Values curriculum, one innovative approach to integrating ethics into leadership development. The chapter describes how Giving Voice to Values is being used in educational settings across the globe.
At What Age Should We Begin Developing Ethical Leaders?
Authors: Burton Marin , Ward Christopher A. , Ramsden Colleen
Published: May 2015

This chapter is about a unique partnership between Ravenscroft, a pre‐K–12th grade independent school in Raleigh, North Carolina, and the Center for Creative Leadership. Starting in pre‐K, Ravenscroft students embark on the Lead From Here initiative that inspires and empowers them to become citizen leaders.
When Leading With Integrity Goes Well: Integrating the Mind, Body, and Heart
Authors: Lucas Nance
Published: May 2015

The science and application of mindfulness is critical for helping leaders to make ethical decisions. The chapter offers three models that educators can use to connect the new science of well‐being and mindfulness to ethical behavior.
Behaviour of free boundaries in thin-film flow: The regime of strong slippage and the regime of very weak slippage
Authors: Fischer Julian
Published: May 2015

We analyze the behaviour of free boundaries in thin-film flow in the regime of strong slippage

n \in [1,2)

and in the regime of very weak slippage

n \in [\frac{32}{11},3)

qualitatively and quantitatively. In the regime of strong slippage, we construct initial data which are bounded from above by the steady state but for which nevertheless instantaneous forward motion of the free boundary occurs. This shows that the initial behaviour of the free boundary is not determined just by the growth of the initial data at the free boundary. Note that this is a new phenomenon for degenerate parabolic equations which is specific for higher-order equations. Furthermore, this result resolves a controversy in the literature over optimality of sufficient conditions for the occurrence of a waiting time phenomenon. In contrast, in the regime of very weak slippage we derive lower bounds on free boundary propagation which are optimal in the sense that they coincide up to a constant factor with the known upper bounds. In particular, in this regime the growth of the initial data at the free boundary fully determines the initial behaviour of the interface.
Making Morality Intelligible
Authors: Coope Christopher Miles
Published: May 2015

The demands of morality ought to be intelligible. However they are not alwaysreadilyintelligible. Thus it is easy to see why we need good sense and courage, and why we should seek to live at peace with our neighbours. But moral necessity is not always that transparent. Furthermore the intelligibility we seek is perhaps not always of this kind. This paper illustrates these difficulties by considering certain basic and unshakable convictions we share about homicide and sexuality, two topics we tend to think badly about. And it explores a significant similarity in the moral philosophies of Anscombe and Kant.
Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder type I: an fMRI study
Authors: Corbalán F. , Beaulieu S. , Armony J. L.
Published: May 2015

Background

Bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) is associated with emotion dysregulation. However, experimentally controlled studies of emotion regulation (ER), particularly those examining the brain correlates of the putative deficits, are scarce and their results inconsistent.

Method

Nineteen euthymic BD-I patients and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a visual ER 2 × 2 factorial task, with instruction (Look or Decrease) and valence (Negative or Neutral) as within-subject factors. Emotional ratings were collected after each picture presentation to assess regulation success.

Results

BD-I patients were successful at downregulating their emotions, although to a lesser degree than HC. Both groups engaged brain regions previously implicated in ER; however, unlike HC, patients engaged some of those regions, particularly the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in the Negative Look and Neutral Decrease conditions. Moreover, patients failed to show the reduced amygdala activation in the Negative Decrease condition observed in HC.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that BD-I patients are able to downregulate their emotions when instructed to do so. However, they also appear to engage their ER network, particularly the VLPFC, even when not required to do so. These findings may help explain their often-reported difficulty in regulating emotions in everyday life despite their attempts to do so.
Ghostcatching and After Ghostcatching, Dances in the Dark
Authors: Barber Tiffany E.
Published: May 2015

In 1999, Bill T. Jones, in collaboration with digital artists Paul Kaiser and Shelley Eshkar, presented an installation at the intersection of dance, drawing, and digital imaging. Ghostcatching featured Jones's previously improvised movements recorded using motion capture technology. In 2010, Kaiser, Eshkar, and Marc Downie of the OpenEndedGroup revised Ghostcatching into a new piece titled After Ghostcatching, composed of unused sequences of Jones's movement and sound captured for Ghostcatching. This essay focuses on the extended relation between Ghostcatching and After Ghostcatching to track a shift from so-called identity politics to a discourse of post-racialism over a ten-year period in U.S. history. A consideration of various media—motion capture technology, digital art and imaging, and improvised, virtual dance—as well as formal analysis of each piece, highlight the political effects and visual implications of each work in a racially mediated world. In this article, I question the status of Jones's raced, sexed, and gendered body within neoliberal fantasies of post-racialism. In spite of the persistence of visible markers such as skin color that are mobilized to construct racial subjects, with the development of digital imaging and new visual technologies, to what degree is race actually visual? That is, how are race and the racialized body in motion subject to and determined by specific media, i.e., photography and digital art, improvised dance and choreographic form? This analysis of Ghostcatching and After Ghostcatching reveals how each piece tests the boundaries of choreographic form and digital imaging technologies as well as the category of race as inherently visual—a test that posits race as technology itself in visual, haptic, and spatial terms.
Feeling Lovely: An Examination of the Value of Beauty for People Dancing with Parkinson's
Authors: Houston Sara
Published: May 2015

Against the backdrop of a four-year study into dance for people with Parkinson's, I examine one woman's claim that dancing makes her feel beautiful, and, as such, is fundamental to her well-being. I debate the challenge that this claim poses to those who argue that beauty in dance is at best unimportant, at worst disenfranchising. In debating this challenge, I create a link between aesthetics and health through a reformulation of the value of beauty in the context of chronic illness and well-being. This link then allows me to discuss how feeling lovely could become relevant and meaningful within the context of participating in dance.
Dance and the Gallery: Curation as Revision
Authors: Brannigan Erin
Published: May 2015

… for several years now I've failed to find a solution to the London Tate Modern's demand for an exhibition of dance. … I never managed to find an adequate connection between the museum framework and dance. … We must try and solve this problem: dance is starting to be recognized as art. In the end it's as if you had to enter the museum to be legitimized! As a result, pressure to exhibit is growing.

(Jérôme Bel n.d. 2014)

13 Rooms, an exhibition curated by Hans Ulrich Obrist (Serpentine Gallery, London) and Klaus Biesenbach (MoMA, New York) and presented in Sydney in April 2013, included the work of choreographers and dancers as authors, performers, objects, and gallery guides. Described by its curators as an exhibition of “living sculptures” featuring “protagonists,” it raised many issues around dance-based knowledges, power relations between dance and the visual arts, art as commodity, and performer agency in performance-based works exhibited in galleries, particularly re-enacted durational works. During the course of the exhibition, a cast of around 100 performers, drawing on their own repository of physical training and “body-archive,” realized works by artists such as Marina Abramovic (Luminosity, 1997) and Joan Jonas (Mirror Check, 1970). These two works in particular required physical skills and training, and the performers were chosen on this basis. For both these pieces, the body-to-body transmission of the artists' intentions—which is so important in dance processes—was undertaken by the artists' representatives.