bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA
Authors: Malisa Shella , Bakti Iriani , Iriani Rilia
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The ability to think creatively is one of the 21st century skills that students must possess. This ability can be improved by using a learning model that exposes students to problems directly. This research aims to increase teacher activity, student activities, creative thinking skills, and student academic achievement by implementing Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model in class XI IPA 2 SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin. The research applied classroom action research (CAR) design with 2 cycles. The subjects were 39 eleventh grade students of natural science class. The data were analyzed by percentage and descriptive quantitative technique. The results showed that the teacher's activity in the implementation of the action increased from 70.15% (good) to 85.46% (very good). Student activity in cycle I 67.27% (quite active) to 85% in cycle II (active). Students' creative thinking ability for fluency indicators was originally 59.25% to 77.42%, flexibility which was originally 37.25% to 55.03%, elaboration which was originally 39.75% to 69.75%. Classical cognitive of students with a percentage of 69.23% increased to 87.17%. Students’ affective increased from 53.35% to 70.15% in cycle II and students' psychomotor learning outcomes were originally 59.69% to 69.4% in cycle II.  Keywords: creative thinking ability, academic achievement, creative problem solving                          Abstrak. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif merupakan salah satu dari keterampilan abad 21 yang harus dimiliki siswa. Kemampuan ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran yang menghadapkan siswa pada masalah secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, kemampuan berpikir kreatif, dan hasil belajar siswa di kelas XI IPA 2 SMA PGRI 6 Banjarmasin dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS). Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas XI IPA berjumlah 39 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik persentase dan deskriptif kuantitatif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru dalam pelaksanaan tindakan meningkat dari 70,15% (baik) menjadi 85,46% (sangat baik). Aktivitas siswa pada siklus I 67,27% (cukup aktif) menjadi 85% pada siklus II (aktif). Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa untuk indikator fluency, semula 59,25% menjadi 77,42%, flexibility yang semula 37,25 % menjadi 55,03%, elaboration yang awalnya 39,75% menjadi 69,75%. Hasil belajar kognitif siswa secara klasikal  dengan persentase 69,23% meningkat menjadi 87,17%. Hasil belajar afektif siswa meningkat dari 53,35% menjadi 70,15% pada siklus II dan hasil belajar psikomotorik siswa yang semula 59,69% menjadi 69,4% pada siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran CPS dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Kata kunci: kemampuan berpikir kreatif, hasil belajar, creative problem solving
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PERMAINAN KARTU UNO PADA MATERI SENYAWA HIDROKARBON TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Sari Yunita , Solehah Gusti Hadiatus , Mashuri Mohan Taufiq
Published: April 2019

learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material. The research subjects were 40 tenth grade students from  X 2 and X 4 class of SMA KORPRI Banjarmasin. This study used a quasi-experimental design by implementing nonequivalent control group design. Experimental class was taught by using UNO card game media, while control class used direct instruction without applying media. The data were collected using multiple-choice test and statistically analyzed using the t- test. The results showed that there were differences in the learning outcomes of the experimental and control group students. Students who are taught using the UNO card game media obtain better learning outcomes than students who are taught by direct learning. Keywords: UNO card media, learning outcome, hydrocarbon. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media permainan kartu UNO terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi hidrokarbon. Subjek penelitian adalah 40 orang siswa kelas X 2 dan X 4 SMA KORPRI Banjarmasin . Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen berupa nonequivalent control group design. Kelas eksperimen diajarkan menggunakan permainan kartu media UNO, sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan pengajaran langsung tanpa menggunakabn media.  Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda dan dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan media permainan kartu UNO memperoleh hasil belajar yang lebih baik dibanding siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran langsung. Kata kunci: media permainan kartu UNO, hasil belajar, hidrokarbon
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PROCESS ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING (POGIL) MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN IPA FKIP ULM
Authors: Hafizah Ellyna , An'nur Syubhan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This research aims to see the effectiveness of using Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) toward problem solving ability of students. This research was conducted due to lack of information of students’ ability in solving the problem, especially students of Science Education Department (IPA) when they were given an innovative learning such POGIL. Problem solving ability is an ability that can be trained in learning process which is closely related to master the concept by students. Mix method is used in this research. The subject of this research is students of Science Education Department FKIP ULM batch 2015. To collect the data, it used quantitative data of pre-test and post-test of the ability of problem solving and qualitative data, observation and interview. The result of this research shows that the ability of students in solving the problem has been significantly increased by using POGIL.  Keywords: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), problem solving, science education  Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena belum diketahuinya bagaimana kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa pendidikan IPA ketika diberikan suatu pembelajaran inovatif salah satunya POGIL. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan yang didapat dilatihkan dalam suatu proses pembelajaran yang erat kaitannya dengan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix method. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan IPA FKIP ULM angkatan 2015. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif pretest dan posttest kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan data kualitatif dengan lembar observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pembelajaran POGIL mengalami peningkatan. Kata kunci: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), pemecahan masalah, pendidikan IPA
UPAYA MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA MELALUI PEMBERIAN UMPAN BALIK DALAM DISKUSI KELOMPOK
Authors: Irmasuriani Irmasuriani
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The research aims to improve physics learning outcomes through providing feedback in group discussions. The study involved class XII MIA 2 students of SMA Negeri 4 Takalar as many as 35 students consisting of 22 female and 13 male as research subjects and 2 teachers as observers. This study uses classroom action research methods carried out in two cycles with the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected with physics learning achievement test instruments and student activity observation sheets. The data collected was then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The results showed that giving feedback in group discussions resulted in an increase in the average score of physics learning outcomes of students in the first cycle was 12.84 with a standard deviation of 1.675 to 17.28 with a standard deviation of 0.843 for cycle II. From the results obtained it can be concluded that there is an increase in physics learning outcomes in class XII MIA 2 at SMA Negeri 4 Takalar by conducting a guidance process to discussion group members in the learning process and giving feedback and correcting students' mistakes at each meeting. Keywords: physics learning outcomes, group discussions, feedback Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika melalui pemberian umpan balik dalam  diskusi kelompok. Penelitian melibatkan siswa kelas XII MIA 2 SMA Negeri 4 Takalar sebanyak 35 siswa yang              terdiri dari 22 perempuan dan 13 laki-laki sebagai subjek penelitian dan 2 orang guru sebagai observer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dengan tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data dikumpulkan dengan intrumen tes hasil belajar fisika dan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa. Data yang terkumpul, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian umpan balik dalam diskusi kelompok mengabkibatkan peningkatan skor rata-rata hasil belajar fisika siswa pada  pada siklus I adalah 12,84 dengan standar deviasi 1,675 menjadi 17,28 dengan standar deviasi 0,843 untuk siklus II. Dari hasil yang diperoleh disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar fisika di kelas XII MIA 2 di SMA Negeri 4 Takalar dengan melakukan proses bimbingan pada anggota kelompok diskusi pada proses pembelajaran berlangsung dan memberikan umpan balik serta mengoreksi kesalahan siswa pada setiap pertemuan. Kata Kunci: hasil belajar fisika, diskusi kelompok, umpan balik
THE IMPORTANCE AND THE MEANINGS OF INDEPENDENT LEARNING: UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Agustina Dwi , Fajar Dwi Ario
Published: April 2019

Abstract.  This article presents the findings of a qualitative study conducted in English Department of Pekalongan University in 2018. The study aimed at revealing students’ and teachers’ perceptions about the importance and the meanings of independent learning particularly in their language learning. However this article only reports the interview results with fourteen students. The findings signal the students’ positive perceptions about independent learning. All students considered independent learning as important to improve their mastery of English. They also presented various reasons on the importance of doing independent learning. Interestingly, while all students reported the importance of doing independent learning, they described independent learning with a range of meanings. This suggests that independent learning means different thing for different students. Among the meanings they give to independent learning covers: 1) individual effort to improve the language competence, 2) individuals’ learning habits, 3) independent learning activities, 4) self-evaluation activity, and 5) self-reflection activity. Key words: qualitative study, independent learning, perceptions
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PHYSICS METACOGNITION LEARNING; PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Madlazim Madlazim , Sanjaya I Gusti Made
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The initial research showed that in general, the problem solving skills and students’ metacognition in several secondary high schools in Samarinda such as SMAN 8, Kunjang, SMAN 14 Loa Bakung, SMAN 3 Ulu, and SMAN 10  Seberang are still low.  Therefore, the researcher intend to develop physics metacognition learning model to improve problem solving skills and students’ metacognition. This study aims to develop physics metacognition learning model to increase problem solving skills and students’ metacognition. The data collection method used Focus Group Discussion (FGD. The validity of the model was evaluated based on content and construct validity. Validation result by expert showed that physics metacognition learning model and the learning devices can be categorized as valid. The physics metacognition learning model can be implemented in physics to increase problem solving skill and students’ metacognition.  Keywords: content validity, construct validity, physics metacognition learning model Abstrak. Hasil studi awal menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan metakognisi siswa SMA Negeri 8 Sungai Kunjang Samarinda, SMA Negeri 14 Loa Bakung, SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda Ulu, dan SMA Negeri 10 Samarinda Seberang masih rendah. Oleh karena itu peneliti bermaksud mengembangkan model physics metacognition learning. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model physics metacognition learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan metakognisi siswa. Metode pengumpulan data validasi menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Validitas model pembelajaran physics metacognition learning dinilai berdasarkan validitas isi dan validitas konstruk. Hasil validasi oleh pakar melalui FGD menunjukkan bahwa model physics metacognition learning dan perangkatnya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan metakognisi siswa dalam penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori valid. Model physics metacognition learning dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran fisika  untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, dan metakognisi siswa. Kata Kunci: Validitas isi, validitas konstruk, dan model physics metacognition learning
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT DENGAN PENDEKATAN AUDITORY INTELLECTUALLY REPETITION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Mallaherang Hasma , Arsyad Nurdin , Darwis Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This research aims to describe the effectivity of cooperative learning model from the type of Numbered Head Together (NHT) with the Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) Approachment in mathematics instruction. Type of research is a pre-experiment. Population of the research is all of the tenth grade (class X) students of public senior high school (SMAN) 2 Bua Ponrang. The research sample was students of class X-1 selected through random sampling techniques. Research data were collected by using test and observation techniques. The results showed that (a) Cooperative learning model from NHT type with AIR approachment instruction has been well implemented, (b) students’ activity was in ideal category, (c) students' responses toward the instruction was tend to be positive, and (d) student’s achievements was classically mastered with normalized gain was in high category, 0.74. Keywords: Efektivitas, Cooperative Learning, NHT, Auditory Intellectually Repetition Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas model kooperatif tipe NHT (Numbered Head Together) dengan Pendekatan Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre-eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bua Ponrang. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas X1 yang terpilih melalui teknik random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik tes dan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dengan pendekatan Auditory Intellectually Repetition terlaksana dengan baik, (b) aktivitas siswa  berada dalam kategori ideal, (c) respons siswa terhadap pembelajaran cenderung positif, dan (d) hasil belajar siswa tuntas secara klasikal dengan gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,74 yang berkategori tinggi.  Kata kunci: Efektivitas, pembelajaran kooperatif, NHT, Auditory Intellectually Repetition
Controls of Depositional Environments on Reservoir Quality in Terms of Porosity and Permeability Gabo Field Niger Delta
Authors: Ideozu Richmond , Nduaguibe Tochukwu
Published: April 2019

The controls of depositional environments on reservoir quality have been evaluated in terms of porosity and permeability of the Gabo Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data used in this research include Well logs, Core data and photos, and grain size analysis for Wells 51 and 52 in the study area. Standard methods as applicable in petrophysical and sedimentological analysis has been adopted. Thirteen reservoir units have been identified in wells 51 and 52 which had 5 reservoirs cored each. The lithofacies units of the identified reservoirs across the study area, comprise pebbly sands, coarse -, medium -, fine- and very fine-grained sands, sandy mud, silty sands and heteroliths. The heteroliths – very fine-grained silty muds are highly bioturbated. Ophiomorpha and skolithos are the major trace fossils with sedimentary structures (ripple lamination, wavy lenticular and planar beds, cross bedded sands, coarsening and fining upward). The facies associations interpreted for the study area are Channel and Coastal barrier systems and the environment of deposition as distributary channel, upper and lower shoreface. The sedimentary processes that deposited facies ranged from high energy regimes, reworking by waves to low energy with periodic influx of silts and muds. The average porosity and permeability for reservoirs in Well 51 is 16.7% and 1317 Md, reservoirs in Well 52 is 28.2% and 2330Md whereas porosity range for the study area is 2% - 32% and permeability is 1.2 – 10600 Md. The reservoir quality reservoir of the sand units in Well 51 (7, 9 and 13) and Well 52 (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13) is excellent - good, this is because of the dynamics environments of deposition (upper shoreface and distributary channel) as well as the mechanisms that play out during deposition such as bioturbation, sorting, sedimentary structures formed. Whereas the poor quality across the reservoirs especially the lower shoreface and prodelta facies is as result of lack bioturbation, connectivity, multiplicity of burrows that may have been plugged by clay and intercalation of shale and sand (heteroliths). This research has shown that environments of deposition have direct influence the reservoir quality in terms of porosity and permeability.
Mineralogy Characteristic Study and Exploration on the Valuable Metals Enrichment of Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Chen Tao , Yan Bo , Li Li-li , Yan Zi-Ang , Wang Jun , Xiao xianming
Published: April 2019

The separation and enrichment can be targeted to enrich the rare and precious metals in fly ash and reduce the cost of leaching and recovering of fly ash. Regarding their different properties, the single-component separation was used to obtain uncompleted burned carbon, glass microbeads, minerals, and other characteristic components from the ash. Also, the mineral composition of each component was analyzed by electron microscopy. The metal minerals were mainly concentrated in the mineral components. Besides, the electron probe micro-analysis shows that the Pt content in the minerals of fly ash was significantly correlated with the metal contents of Ni and Cu. After the obtainment of the characteristics of fly ash metal enrichment, the heavy minerals with Cu, Ni, Pt, Pd, and other target metal elements were enriched by gravity separation and flotation. The enrichment coefficients of Cu, Ni, Pt, and Pd were 1.45, 1.33, 1.90 and 1.60, respectively, and the recovery rates were 77%, 81%, 97% and 88% respectively. Since the yield of heavy minerals obtained by separation was 62.24%, it indicated the physical separation method could significantly reduce the cost of leaching and recovering of fly ash metal resources.
Genes for a Circular and Sustainable Bio-PET Economy
Authors: Salvador Manuel , Abdulmutalib Umar , Gonzalez Jaime , Kim Juhyun , Smith Alex A. , Faulon Jean-Loup , Zimmermann Wolfgang , Jimenez Jose I.
Published: April 2019

Plastics have become an important environmental concern due to their durability and resistance to degradation. Out of all plastic materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are amenable to biological degradation due to the action of microbial polyester hydrolases. The hydrolysis products obtained from PET can thereby be used for the synthesis of novel PET as well as becoming a potential carbon source for microorganisms. In addition, microorganisms and biomass can be used for the synthesis of the constituent monomers of PET from renewable sources. The combination of both biodegradation and biosynthesis would enable a completely circular bio-PET economy beyond the conventional recycling processes. Circular strategies like this could contribute to significantly decrease the environmental impact of our dependence on this polymer. Here we review the efforts made towards turning PET into a viable feedstock for microbial transformations. We highlight current bottlenecks in the degradation of the polymer and the metabolism of the monomers and we showcase fully biological or semisynthetic processes leading to the synthesis of PET from sustainable substrates.
Effect of Bi2O3 Doping on the Mechanical Properties of PbO Ceramic Pellets Used in Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors
Authors: Ma Yan , Yang Anxia , Zhu Huiping , Muhammad Arslan , Yang Pengwei , Huang Bokun , Niu Fenglei
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the effect of Bi2O3 doping on the mechanical properties of PbO ceramic pellets was studied. For this purpose, different ratios of Bi2O3/PbO (i.e., xBi2O3–(1-x)PbO, where x is 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt%) were fabricated and sintered at 570, 620, and 670°C. Mechanical properties including density, hardness, flexural strength, and sintering of PbO were studied for the aforementioned compositions. Phase compositions, microstructures, and worn surfaces of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis revealed that a solid solution formed in the composite ceramic. The best suited conditions of temperature and doping of Bi2O3 for optimal sintering are 620°C and 3 wt%, respectively. The hardness of the 3 wt% Bi2O3–97 wt% PbO ceramic was 717 MPa, which is about four times higher than the hardness of pure PbO; in addition, the strength of the composites was 43 MPa, which is two times higher than that of pure PbO. The integrity of the composites was verified using the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy flushing experiment. Results of this research paper are important for future studies of oxygen control in the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy of lead-cooled fast reactors.
Integrated techno-economic power system planning of transmission and distribution grids
Authors: Müller Ulf Philipp , Schachler Birgit , Scharf Malte , Bunke Wolf-Dieter , Günther Stephan , Bartels Julian , Pleßmann Guido
Published: April 2019

The energy transition towards renewable and more decentral power production triggers the need for grid and storage expansion on all voltage levels. Today's power system planning focuses on certain voltage levels or spatial resolutions. In this work we present an open source software tool eGo which is able to optimize grid and storage expansion throughout all voltage levels in a developed top-down approach. System costs are minimized by applying a linear optimal power flow considering the grid infrastructure of the extra-high and high-voltage (380 to 110 kV) level. Hence, the common differentiation of transmission and distribution grid is partly dissolved, integrating the high-voltage level into the optimization problem. Consecutively, optimized curtailment and storage units are allocated in the medium voltage grid in order to lower medium and low voltage grid expansion needs, that are consequently determined. Here, heuristic optimization methods using the non-linear power flow were developed.

Applying the tool on future scenarios we derived cost-efficient grid and storage expansion for all voltage levels in Germany. Due to the integrated approach storage expansion and curtailment can significantly lower grid expansion costs in medium and low voltage grids and at the same time serve the optimal functioning of the overall system. Nevertheless, the cost-reducing effect for the whole of Germany was marginal. Instead, the consideration of realistic, spatially differentiated time series lead to substantial overall savings.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Al3+ Based on 2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine with a Salicylal Schiff Base
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Jianzhi , Fu Qingyao , Wang Feng , He Luying
Published: April 2019

Two 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-based Schiff bases (TPySSB and TPySB) have been synthesized. The TPySSB shows remarkable selective ‘off-on’ fluorescence for Al3+ by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism of sensing. Chemosensor TPySSB binds Al3+ in a 1:2 ratio with an association constant 6.8×105 (R2=0.98) and this 1:2 stoichiometric model is established on Job’s plot and 1H NMR. Compared TPySSB and TPySB, it is of great importance of the existence of salicylidene unit due to its strong binding abilities of both phenol and C=N structure to the Al3+.
Potention of Giving Earth-Worm Food Lumbricus rubellus Toward Colour Alteration To The Guppy Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Hasyim Zohra , Ambeng Ambeng , Andriani Irma , Saputri Andi Rismayani
Published: April 2019

The research entitled “Potention of Giving Earth-Worm Food Lumbricus rubellus Toward Colour Alteration to The Guppy Fish Poecilia reticulata” was aimed to find the influence of earth-worm Lumbricus rubellus extra increment toward colour alteration to the guppy fish Poecilia reticulata. The research was conducted for a month using  three kind treatments of food,   those were W0 (food composed of fish meal without earth-worm, Lumbricus rubellus), W1 (composed of fish meal with earth-worm  Lumbricus rubellus), and W2 (composed of earth-worm Lumbricus rubellus without fish meal). The available aquariums were 3 units with sized 12cm x 20cm x 20 cm. The cultivated test fish (± 3 cm) were acclimated for 2 days.  Three test fish placed into three experiment aquarium each.  Formulation of food intake was 3% based on the weight of the fish and was given  2 times a day. The parameter of water quality measured in this research were temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Data analysis using henry and grime formula (1993). The result of the research showed that there was an increasing of caratenoid in guppy fish Poecilia reticulata for each treatment of W0, W1 and W2 treatments. The high carotenoid increasing occured in W2.
Characterization of Stomatal Leaf of Herbal Plant Andredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Gratophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.
Authors: Tambaru Elis , Ura' Resti , Tuwo Mustika
Published: April 2019

Research on the characterization of stromata leaves of herbal plants Andredera cordifolia and Gratophyllum pictum in Makassar. This study aims to determine the morphological structure of leaves and stomata leaves that are used as herbal plants. Stomata data was used by acetone to get stomata mold, the data were analyzed descriptively. The result of research show that Andredera cordifolia are anisocytic stomata type, 30 stomata/mm2 abaxial stomata, 512 epidermis/mm2 and 368 epidermis/mm2 abaxial, potato stomata spreading in both leaf surface, bigger abaxial stomata size 887,330 μm , longest abaxial stomata greater than 25 μm and 8.0% stomata index. Gratophyllum pictum type stomata diasistik, stomata number 292 stomata/mm2, number of epidermis adaxial 1400 epidermis/mm2 and abaxial 1080 epidermis/mm2, apple stomata spread, staple abaxial smaller size 682,560 μm, and stomata index 21,3%.
Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of ELISA and PBA for IgM Detection to LPS Antigen of Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Widyastuti Helmy
Published: April 2019

The high prevalence of typhoid fever in developing countries, includingIndonesia has prompted the exploration of various serologic tests and antigen detectionmethod to obtain an early and accurate diagnosis of patients with typhoid fever.Although typhoid fever is confirmed by culture of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi,there is still an urgent need for the rapid, simple serological tests and evaluation ofeffective and appropriate diagnostics for typhoid fever. In this study, we evaluated and compared the sensitivity and specifity of ELISA and Passive Bacterial Agglutination(PBA) as an agglutination-based serological test to LPS antigen of Salmonella Typhiand the effectiveness of local antigen in detecting the production of specific antibody(IgM) to patient with typhoid fever. We collected serum sample of 50 suspected typhoidfever from DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Daya General Hospital, GowaGeneral Hospital and Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center in Makassar, South of Sulawesi.They were grouped based on sex, duration of fever, and age. Serum antibody titer weremeasured by ELISA and PBA. Data were analiyzed satistically by using cross tabulationand chi-square (CI = 95%). The Result of this study showed that PBA technique has thelevel of sensitivity and specifity respectively 100% and 92 %, while ELISA was 84% and28%. It suggested that PBA has a greater level of sensitivity and specifity than ELISA.We also showed that LPS antigen that we obtained from local isolate of SalmonellaTyphi, can be used as a standard antigen in diagnosing typhoid fever.
Impact Non-Oil and Gas Exports and Oil and Gas Exports on The Position of Indonesia Foreign Exchange Reserves
Authors: Djatmiko Pudji , SBM Nugroho
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Non-Oil and Gas Exports and Oil and Gas Exports on the Position of Indonesian Foreign Exchange Reserves partially in the period 1996 to 2017 which employs 22 data annually using SPSS 24. The dependent variable in this study is Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, while the independent variables are non-oil and gas exports and oil and gas exports. To see the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the researcher did multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the results of this research, it is known that partially non-oil and gas export and oil and gas export have a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves.
Dampak Industri Pariwisata Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi pada Hotel, Biro Perjalanan Wisata, Kuliner dan Objek wisata Kabupaten Lombok Barat)
Authors: Saroji Romi Putra
Published: May 2019

Tourism in west lombok region had inreased from years. This situation gives more beriefets in tourism such as hotel,food and beverage,and travel. Agency which also gives more opportunitres to cleate more employee. This research aims to finds out the hotel influences, trevel agency,food and beverage and tourism spot lite to the new employee absorption in west lombok, also this new employee absorption in this variable has been viewed from the islamic perspective. This research was a quantitatif research with a random variabel such as, hotel,trevel agency, food and beverage and the new employee absor ption. The data analysis has been done by as double regression test. The result showed that hotel, food  and beverage(hotel), and trevel agency has constant result so that the new employee absorption increasedto be 2283,923. For hotel variabel is it increased for about 1% so that the new employee absorption also will increased to be 48,233 food and beverage hotel which increased 1% also showed thatthe new employee will also incresed to be 0,021 of herwise trevel agency, if it increased 1% so that the absorpation of the employee will increased $,717. In the hotel,food and beverage (restaurant). Trevel agency showed there is a absopation of the employee. This situation can be seen in how many employee since 2010-2015 which more increased for each variable.
Socio-demographic portrait of transsexual patients in Russia
Authors: Solov’eva N. V. , Makarova E. V. , Vil’yanov V. B. , Kremenitskaya S. A. , Chausova S. V. , Kichuk I. V.
Published: April 2019

Transsexualism is a distress caused by a discrepancy between a person’s gender identity and sex assigned at birth. Theme of  transsexualism has a strong resonance in society today. This phenomenon is significant both for the law system and for the health  care system of the state. There is no statistics information on transgender people in Russian Federation. The author’s goal was to  draw a socio-demographic portrait of patients with an established diagnosis of transsexualism. The following conclusions were  made: the number of MtF and FtM patients searching for medical care is equal; age of the transition is 26.6 years; age of selfidentification in the opposite gender is 10.2 years; most MtF take HRT on their own initative; transsexual persons are distinguished  by a high level of education, large variety of professional activities, a low percentage of registered marriages, and comparable to the  general population onset of sexual life.
Association of genetic, biochemical and functional markers of the condition of the vascular endothelium in chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction
Authors: Polunina E. A. , Voronina L. P. , Kantemirova B. I.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse genetic (polymorphism 4a/4b gene NOS3), biochemical (endothelin-1) and functional (endothelial function coefficient) markers of a condition of vascular endothelium in patients (n = 65) with chronic heart failure (CHF) with  mid-range ejection fraction (40–49%), depending of the stage of the disease and identify the presence of associations between the  analyzed markers. Somatically healthy people (n = 65) were examined as a control group. A decrease in the value of the endothelial  function coefficient and an increase in the production of endothelin-1 in all groups of patients compared with somatically healthy  people were revealed. The severity of these changes was greater in groups of patients with more severe stage of the disease. The  analysis of polymorphism 4a/4b gene NOS3 in patients with CHF revealed a statistically significant predominance of the number of  patients with a more severe stage of the disease among of patients with polymorphism 4a/4b. Patients with polymorphism 4a/4b  had a statistically significant lower value of the endothelial function coefficient and a higher level of endothelin-1 compared  patients with polymorphism 4b/4b. Thus, polymorphism 4a/4b is characterized by a deeper lesion of the vascular endothelium in  patients with CHF with mid-range ejection fraction and the development of more severe stages of the disease. The obtained data  can be used in the aspect of personalized medicine.
Modern approaches to the management of insomnia in general therapeutic practice
Authors: Kurushina O. V. , Barulin A. E. , Bagirova D. Ya.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the extremely common problem of modern medicine - sleep disorders. Insomnia in a variety of manifestations faced by doctors of different specialties. This review introduces practitioners to the modern classification and approaches to the diagnosis of insomnia. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment and criteria for their effectiveness are discussed. Advantages of Donormil in insomnia treatment was demonstrated.
Pathogenetic therapy of rhinosinusites in the practice of otorhinolaryngologist
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Fanta I. V. , Pavlova S. S.
Published: April 2019

An important and topical problem of modern otorhinolaryngology is the search for effective and safe medicines for the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, which is one of the most common human diseases, and this problem is becoming more and more acute every year. When prescribing antibacterial therapy for patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, an otorhinolaryngologist should be sure that the drug has a rapid bactericidal effect, the spectrum of its activity includes most of the possible pathogens, and pharmacodynamics of the drug contribute to its accumulation in the focus of the pathological process.
Exploring Severe Mental Illness and Diabetes: Protocol for a Longitudinal, Observational, and Qualitative Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bellass Sue , Taylor Johanna , Han Lu , Prady Stephanie L , Shiers David , Jacobs Rowena , Holt Richard Ian Gregory , Radford John , Gilbody Simon , Hewitt Catherine , Doran Tim , Alderson Sarah L , Siddiqi Najma
Published: April 2019

Background

The average life expectancy for people with a severe mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is 15 to 20 years less than that for the population as a whole. Diabetes contributes significantly to this inequality, being 2 to 3 times more prevalent in people with SMI. Various risk factors have been implicated, including side effects of antipsychotic medication and unhealthy lifestyles, which often occur in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage and health care inequality. However, little is known about how these factors may interact to influence the risk of developing diabetes and poor diabetic outcomes, or how the organization and provision of health care may contribute.

Objective

This study aims to identify the determinants of diabetes and to explore variation in diabetes outcomes for people with SMI.

Methods

This study will employ a concurrent mixed methods design combining the interrogation of electronic primary care health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) with qualitative interviews with adults with SMI and diabetes, their relatives and friends, and health care staff. The study has been funded for 2 years, from September 2017 to September 2019, and data collection has recently ended.

Results

CPRD and linked health data will be used to explore the association of sociodemographics, illness, and health care–related factors with both the development and outcomes of type 2 diabetes in people with SMI. Experiences of managing the comorbidity and accessing health care will be explored through qualitative interviews using topic guides informed by evidence synthesis and expert consultation. Findings from both datasets will be merged to develop a more comprehensive understanding of diabetes risks, interventions, and outcomes for people with SMI. Findings will be translated into recommendations for interventions and services using co-design workshops.

Conclusions

Improving diabetes outcomes for people with SMI is a high-priority area nationally and globally. Understanding how risk factors combine to generate high prevalence of diabetes and poor diabetic outcomes for this population is a necessary first step in developing health care interventions to improve outcomes for people with diabetes and SMI.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03534921; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03534921
Use of Biochar-peat Mixture to Reduce Odour from Animal Farms
Authors: Hellstedt Maarit
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Odour from agriculture causes local nuisance to the neighborhood. Litter and cover materials can be used in animal housing and in storage of manure to reduce the odour problem. The use of biochar as a covering for animal manures is a new innovation and enhances the possibility to minimize the emissions from animal farms. (Research purpose) To study the possibility of using a mixture of biochar and peat as a manure covering, in order to reduce the intensity of odor on livestock farms. (Materials and methods) The potential of a mixture of biochar and peat for the odour control was tested in a laboratory study. A 10 cm layer of fresh mink manure was placed on the bottom of a 5 liter test bucket and the manure was covered with biochar-peat mixture (mixed in 50/50 ratio by volume) using five different covering thicknesses. Uncovered manure was used as a reference. The odour emission was measured with an olfactometric method that is based on odour sensation of a person. Also the character of the odour was described. (Results and discussion) The results show that a biochar-peat covering of at least 3 cm is able to considerably reduce the odour from the manure. The character of the odour was at first peat-like for all covered buckets but with thin coverings it was changed to more manure-like after 2 days. The odour from buckets with thicker covers remained peat-like during the whole testing period. (Conclusion) It is recommended to apply a biochar-peat covering to neutralize ammonia and the unpleasant manure odour on livestock farms. The author has shown that the frequency of use and the thickness of a covering layer depend on the ambient temperature; therefore, it is not necessary to cover manure in winter.
Environmental Safety of Transport and Technological Vehicles
Authors: Godzhaev Zakhid A. , Avramov Dmitriy V. , Martynov Nikolay V. , Belousov Boris N. , Dobromirov Viktor N.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Intensified production, an increased fleet of vehicles with internal combustion engines, as well as increased operational mass of transport and technological vehicles continuously aggravate the environmental situation in the world every year. (Research purpose) To identify the main impacts made by the transport and technological vehicles on the environment and the problems associated with their disposal, as well as with the disposal of automobile and tractor tires. (Materials and methods) The authors have generalized the materials published in periodicals, as well as the results of bench, field and operational tests of the transport and technological vehicles. (Results and discussion) The authors have identified the problem of the destructive impact of the wheeled movers on the supporting road surface, the soil and the soil cover. Measurements have been taken under the contact area of several mover types and the values of the stress-strained state of the soil affected by these movers have been determined in the form of the distribution of normal stress diagrams. The authors have also studied the influence of the design features of transport and technological vehicles performing curvilinear motion on the track size and soil destruction and identified characteristic patterns of the track. Conclusion has been made that in winter the level of environmental pollution depends on the road surface condition and the use of chemical reagents for deicing. The authors have considered a possibility of using electrical-and-hydraulic technology for the disposal of transport and technological vehicles and stressed the need to form regulatory documents for the designing, operation and disposal of transport and technological vehicles, taking into account foreign experience in organizing the environmental management system, as well as environmental auditing and labeling, the procedure for assessing the environmental performance of production systems and products at all life cycle stages. (Conclusions) The paper presents the main impact factors of the transport and technological vehicles on the environment during their life cycle up to full disposal. The authors have proved the need for a safe and energy-saving electro-hydraulic technology for the disposal of electronic components and batteries of transport and technological vehicles based on selective destruction of plastic casings and the separation of pure noble, rare-earth and other metals and their alloys.
THE USE OF MY DICTIONARY APPLICATION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Santoso Iman , Andriyadi Andriyadi
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to know the result of improving students’ vocabulary mastery by using My Dictionary Application. This research used Quasi-Experiment design. This research involved two classes IX A and IX B as the sample of this research. IX A was selected as experimental class and IX B was selected as control class. In the experimental class, vocabulary was taught by using My Dictionary Application. While, in the control class, vocabulary was taught by using with the conventional media. The data was collected from pre-test dan post test. Then , the data obtained was analyzed by using SPSS. The result of the study showed that teaching vocabulary by using My Dictionary Application significantly improving students’ vocabulary. The findings showed that the mean of Experiment class students was 25.20, and the control class means score was 21.40. After treatment given, there is a significant increase. The means of the Experiment class is 48.40, and the class of the control class is 30.50. After that compared between posttest result class experiment with control class result is t (result the research) = Σ X1 - Σ X2 = t = 48, 40 - 30, 50 = 19.00. Where Σ X1 (experiment class)> Σ X2 (control class). This means that the use of my dictionary application gives effect to vocabulary mastery of students.
Occupational Hazards Awareness and Preventive Practices Among Dental Interns Versus Dental Postgraduate at Riyadh Elm University Hospital
Authors: M.B.B. Ch. MD. PhD. Dr. Ahmed Sayed Khashaba , AlAnazi Abdulmohsen Mamdouh , AlDawsari Omar Mufi , AlQahtani Meshal Mohammed
Published: April 2019

Background: Dental interns and postgraduates were predisposed to a number of occupational hazards, these includes exposure to infections, percutaneous exposure events, dental materials, radiation, and noise, musculoskeletal disorders, psychological problems and dermatitis, respiratory disorders, and eye problems. Aim of work: To assess the level of occupational hazards awareness and preventive practices among dental interns versus dental postgraduates in Riyadh Elm University. Subject and methods: 100 participants were subjected to a questionnaire that included demographic data, awareness of occupational hazards and safety measures practiced by the study participants. Assessment tools were conducted through calculation of the three rates (accident incidence rate, accident frequency rate and accident severity rate), in addition to, calculation of frequency of each question, scoring degree and grading from weak, moderate to excellent. Results: Out of the 100 participants, 85% were males and 15% were females; 87% of participants were excellent in applying the term preventive practices and the rest of participants were moderate but the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant (P= 0.103) and nearly equal to each other. However, the majority of participants awareness about occupational hazards and preventive practices were weak and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.000). Conclusion: Dentists were exposed to many occupational risks hazarded during work and need more education programs to overcome these occupational hazards.
Legal Nature of the Urban Planning Profession
Authors: Sosnowski Paweł
Published: April 2019

When regulating the urban planning profession in 2000, the legislator established a professional association and deemed that it had the status of a profession of public trust. This state of affairs lasted for fourteen years, when the so-called Deregulation Act of 9 May 2014 on Facilitating Access to Certain Regulated Professions (Journal of Laws, item 768, hereinafter referred to as: Deregulation Act.) abolished the professional association of urban planners and provided that the urban planning profession lost its status of a profession of public trust. The above Act was appealed to the Constitutional Tribunal, which was to examine its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In its judgment of 24 March 2015 (Case file no. K 19/14, Journal of Laws of 2015, item 476.), the Constitutional Tribunal ruled that the norms of the above Act did not violate the Constitution; however, it did not address the legal nature of the urban planning profession at all. The aim of this article is to show, on the basis of the above-mentioned judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal, characteristic features of the urban planning profession, compare it with the professions of architect and civil engineer, and determine whether, owing to its characteristics, it is a profession of public trust or not. According to the author, the urban planning profession has the status of a profession of public trust, which should be of key importance for the Constitutional Tribunal’s assessment of the constitutionality of legal norms contained in the aforementioned Act.