bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-Level Comparison of Traffic Fatality Data in Consideration of Marijuana Laws
Authors: Hamzeie Raha , Thompson Iftin , Roy Sneha , Savolainen Peter T.
Published: August 2017

Recently, several states have revisited their laws governing cannabis possession and consumption. Whereas some states have legalized cannabis use at different levels (i.e., legal recreational use, decriminalized possession, or legal medical use), others have zero tolerance. This study used 5 years of data (2010 to 2014) from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System to assess differences across states with various laws for cannabis use. Random parameter logistic regression models were estimated to examine differences in the prevalence of positive cannabis tests across states while controlling for other salient factors, including driver and roadway characteristics. The findings demonstrate that drivers in states with more lenient laws for cannabis possession and consumption were more likely to test positive compared with drivers in states with zero tolerance. In addition, ordinal logistic regression models were estimated to assess the relationships between injury severity, cannabis laws, and other factors associated with crash injury outcomes. The results suggest driver injuries were more severe when the driver tested positive for cannabis. A strong association was also observed between blood alcohol content and cannabis test results. Ultimately, the results provide evidence in support of continuing research to better understand the public health impacts of cannabis use as more states consider changes to the laws governing possession and consumption.
Organizational Identity: An Ambiguous Concept in Practical Terms
Authors: Mujib Humaira
Published: August 2017

Albert and Whetten defined organizational identity (OI) as the central, distinctive and enduring characteristics of an organization. Scholars found OI to be a difficult construct to apply to organizations and, over time, they defined it from functionalist, social constructionist, postmodernist and psychodynamic perspectives. All of these perspectives made great theoretical contributions to the field, but they were largely unable to integrate practice and theory in a way that could benefit organizations. Hatch and Schultz’s work is exceptional in this regard: they provided a theory that has the promise of practical implications for organizations in regard to organizational continuity. They perceived organizational continuity as existing in the balanced/responsible behavior of an organization’s members, among themselves and with key external stakeholders. They provided an effective model in this regard, but they overlooked how individuals’ political interests overshadow balanced behavior. Politics that arise as a result of individuals’ identity are generally considered to be psychological in origin and link OI to organizational learning (OL) as a co-evolving process. The present research hence operationalizes Hatch and Schultz’s model by reference to a Winnicottian framework to understand how OI is socially constructed and psychologically understood in the political interests of the management and employees, among themselves and with key external stakeholders. In doing so it explores the political implications of OI for OL, as perceived in an organization’s continuity. The context of the research is the Pakistani police.
An Interactive Web Mapping Visualization of Urban Air Quality Monitoring Data of China
Authors: Lu Wei , Ai Tinghua , Zhang Xiang , He Yakun
Published: August 2017

In recent years, main cities in China have been suffering from hazy weather, which is gaining great attention among the public, government managers and researchers in different areas. Many studies have been conducted on the topic of urban air quality to reveal different aspects of the air quality problem in China. This paper focuses on the visualization problem of the big air quality monitoring data of all main cities on a nationwide scale. To achieve the intuitive visualization of this data set, this study develops two novel visualization tools for multi-granularity time series visualization (timezoom.js) and a dynamic symbol declutter map mashup layer for thematic mapping (symadpative.js). With the two invented tools, we develops an interactive web map visualization application of urban air quality data of all main cities in China. This application shows us significant air pollution findings at the nationwide scale. These results give us clues for further studies on air pollutant characteristics, forecasting and control in China. As the tools are invented for general visualization purposes of geo-referenced time series data, they can be applied to other environmental monitoring data (temperature, precipitation, etc.) through some configurations.
Infants Investigated by the Child Welfare System: Exploring a Distinct Profile of Risks, Service Needs, and Referrals for Support in Ontario
Authors: Filippelli Joanne , Fallon Barbara , Fuller-Thomson Esme , Trocmé Nico
Published: August 2017

The science of early childhood development underscores that maltreatment and other adversities experienced during infancy heightens the risk for poor developmental and socio-emotional outcomes. Referrals to supportive services by the child welfare system are particularly critical during infancy given the rapidity of brain development and infants’ sensitivity to their environment. The main objectives of the current study are to: (1) examine age-specific differences in clinical and case characteristics; (2) determine the factors associated with the service referral decision involving infants; and (3) explore the types of services families have been referred to at the conclusion of a maltreatment-related investigation. Using data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect for 2013, descriptive analyses were conducted, as was a logistic regression to identify factors associated with the decision to refer families of infants to supportive services. Overall, the findings reveal that the profile of infants and their families differs distinctly from those of older children with respect to risks, service needs, and service referrals, although this is rarely reflected in child welfare practice and policy. Investigations involving infants were most likely to have a referral made to supportive services, least likely to have an infant functioning concern identified; most likely to have a primary caregiver risk factor identified; and, the greatest likelihood of experiencing economic hardship. Multiple risks, identified for the primary caregiver of the infant are correlated to referral decisions for infants. However, the needs of the infant are likely under-identified and require cross-sectorial collaboration.
Melanocortins, Melanocortin Receptors and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lisak Robert , Benjamins Joyce
Published: August 2017

The melanocortins and their receptors have been extensively investigated for their roles in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, but to a lesser extent in immune cells and in the nervous system outside the hypothalamic axis. This review discusses corticosteroid dependent and independent effects of melanocortins on the peripheral immune system, central nervous system (CNS) effects mediated through neuronal regulation of immune system function, and direct effects on endogenous cells in the CNS. We have focused on the expression and function of melanocortin receptors in oligodendroglia (OL), the myelin producing cells of the CNS, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic approaches to decrease CNS damage in multiple sclerosis as well as to promote repair. It is clear that melanocortin signaling through their receptors in the CNS has potential for neuroprotection and repair in diseases like MS. Effects of melanocortins on the immune system by direct effects on the circulating cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) and by signaling through CNS cells in regions lacking a mature blood brain barrier are clear. However, additional studies are needed to develop highly effective MCR targeted therapies that directly affect endogenous cells of the CNS, particularly OL, their progenitors and neurons.
Four Bad Habits of Modern Psychologists
Authors: Grice James , Barrett Paul , Cota Lisa , Felix Crystal , Taylor Zachery , Garner Samantha , Medellin Eliwid , Vest Adam
Published: August 2017

Four data sets from studies included in the Reproducibility Project were re-analyzed to demonstrate a number of flawed research practices (i.e., “bad habits”) of modern psychology. Three of the four studies were successfully replicated, but re-analysis showed that in one study most of the participants responded in a manner inconsistent with the researchers’ theoretical model. In the second study, the replicated effect was shown to be an experimental confound, and in the third study the replicated statistical effect was shown to be entirely trivial. The fourth study was an unsuccessful replication, yet re-analysis of the data showed that questioning the common assumptions of modern psychological measurement can lead to novel techniques of data analysis and potentially interesting findings missed by traditional methods of analysis. Considered together, these new analyses show that while it is true replication is a key feature of science, causal inference, modeling, and measurement are equally important and perhaps more fundamental to obtaining truly scientific knowledge of the natural world. It would therefore be prudent for psychologists to confront the limitations and flaws in their current analytical methods and research practices.
Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship?
Authors: Burrows Tracy , Skinner Janelle , McKenna Rebecca , Rollo Megan
Published: August 2017

Existing research suggests that there is an overlap between binge eating disorder (BED) and the construct of ‘food addiction’ (FA). The objective of this study was to determine the overlapping features of BED and FA through a comparison of the individual scales of commonly used tools including the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in a sample of Australian adults. Adults (>18 years of age) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey on FA. Binge eating was assessed through the BES and addictive eating behaviours were assessed through the YFAS (n = 1344). The prevalence and severity of both FA and binge eating increased across weight categories. The overall correlation between the total score from the BES and FA symptoms was r = 0.76, p < 0.001; for females it was r = 0.77, p < 0.001, and for males it was r = 0.65, p < 0.001. Total BES score and the BES emotion factor were most often associated with FA symptoms, as was demonstrated to produce stronger correlations with FA symptoms. In contrast, the BES behaviour factor was less strongly associated to FA with the majority of correlations <0.6. This study demonstrates the overlap between BED and FA, and highlights the possible unique differences between the forms of disordered eating.
Study on Surface Properties of Polyamide 66 Using Atmospheric Glow-Like Discharge Plasma Treatment
Authors: Peng Mingyang , Li Lee , Xiong Jiaming , Hua Kui , Wang Shufan , Shao Tao
Published: August 2017

Surface modification of fiber fabric sometimes needs a large volume of cold plasma to improve its efficiency. This experimental study is based on the treatment of polyamide 66 (PA66) fabrics using large contact-area glow-like plasma, which are produced in the atmospheric air without any dielectric barriers. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are adopted, respectively, to detect the surface changes in physical microstructure and the variations in the type and quantity of chemical functional groups. The results show that the PA66 fabric surface will be etched remarkably by the glow-like plasma, and the surface roughness and the surface energy are augmented. On the surface of the processed PA66 fabrics, the oxygen-containing functional groups’ content rises together with the decrease on the total primary C–C and C–N bonds. After 30 seconds of sterilization by the glow-like plasmas, most of the bacterial colonies on the fabric vanish. The effectiveness of this kind of plasma treatment could last for three days in a sealed environment.
Interfacial Kinetics of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel , Saliba Michael , Boix Pablo , Zakeeruddin Shaik , Grätzel Michael
Published: August 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have immense potential for high power conversion efficiency with an ease of fabrication procedure. The fundamental understanding of interfacial kinetics in PSCs is crucial for further improving of their photovoltaic performance. Herein we use the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics and impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements to probe the interfacial kinetics on efficient MAPbI3 solar cells. We show that series resistance (RS) of PSCs exhibits an ohmic and non-ohmic behavior that causes a significant voltage drop across it. The Nyquist spectra as a function of applied bias reveal the characteristic features of ion motion and accumulation that is mainly associated with the MA cations in MAPbI3. With these findings, we provide an efficient way to understand the working mechanism of perovskite solar cells.
Environmental Education: Reflecting on Application of Environmental Attitudes Measuring Scale in Higher Education Students
Authors: Kopnina Helen , Cocis Andreea
Published: August 2017

The Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Attitudes toward the Sustainable Development (EAATSD) scale measures environmental concern in relation to sustainable development. This article will discuss how this scale was tested with three groups of Dutch higher education students. Findings demonstrate that anthropocentric and ecocentric values are independent of the students’ chosen course of study, suggesting that students attracted by the ‘sustainable development’ course title do not necessarily associate ‘sustainability’ with ecocentric aims. This article discusses why ecocentric values are beneficial to the objective of a sustainable society and proposes ways forward in which these values can be enhanced in learners.
Space Debris Detection in Low Earth Orbit with the Sardinia Radio Telescope
Authors: Muntoni Giacomo , Schirru Luca , Pisanu Tonino , Montisci Giorgio , Valente Giuseppe , Gaudiomonte Francesco , Serra Giampaolo , Urru Enrico , Ortu Pierluigi , Fanti Alessandro
Published: August 2017

Space debris are orbiting objects that represent a major threat for space operations. The most used countermeasure to face this threat is, by far, collision avoidance, namely the set of maneuvers that allow to avoid a collision with the space debris. Since collision avoidance is tightly related to the knowledge of the debris state (position and speed), the observation of the orbital debris is the key of the problem. In this work a bistatic radar configuration named BIRALET (BIstatic RAdar for LEO Tracking) is used to detect a set of space debris at 410 MHz, using the Sardinia Radio Telescope as the receiver antenna. The signal-to-noise ratio, the Doppler shift and the frequency spectrum for each debris are reported.
Environmental Factors Driving the Recovery of Bay Laurels from Phytophthora ramorum Infections: An Application of Numerical Ecology to Citizen Science
Authors: Lione Guglielmo , Gonthier Paolo , Garbelotto Matteo
Published: August 2017

Phytophthora ramorum is an alien and invasive plant pathogen threatening forest ecosystems in Western North America, where it can cause both lethal and non-lethal diseases. While the mechanisms underlying the establishment and spread of P. ramorum have been elucidated, this is the first attempt to investigate the environmental factors driving the recovery of bay laurel, the main transmissive host of the pathogen. Based on a large dataset gathered from a citizen science program, an algorithm was designed, tested, and run to detect and geolocate recovered trees. Approximately 32% of infected bay laurels recovered in the time period between 2005 and 2015. Monte Carlo simulations pointed out the robustness of such estimates, and the algorithm achieved an 85% average rate of correct classification. The association between recovery and climatic, topographic, and ecological factors was assessed through a numerical ecology approach mostly based on binary logistic regressions. Significant (p < 0.05) coefficients and the information criteria of the models showed that the probability of bay laurel recovery increases in association with high temperatures and low precipitation levels, mostly in flat areas. Results suggest that aridity might be a key driver boosting the recovery of bay laurels from P. ramorum infections.
Indications to Promote Physical Activity during Pregnancy
Authors: Stefani Laura , Mascherini Gabriele , Galanti Giorgio
Published: August 2017

Reduced physical activity in pregnancy is often associated with a progressive increase of chronic metabolic disease and to an enhanced risk for the child. The majority of women are less physically active during pregnancy, despite the motivation to improve their health, quality of life, and fitness. Education on the benefits of regular physical activity in pregnancy is determinant as suggested by obstetricians and gynecologists. The specific programs need to be supported by specialists in Sports Medicine. Counseling and support by nurses can also be helpful in encouraging women to maintain a sufficient level of physical activity during pregnancy or to modify their lifestyle, adapting the single models and specific physical activity programs to their needs.
Projected 21st Century Sea-Level Changes, Observed Sea Level Extremes, and Sea Level Allowances for Norway
Authors: Simpson Matthew , Ravndal Oda , Sande Hilde , Nilsen Jan , Kierulf Halfdan , Vestøl Olav , Steffen Holger
Published: August 2017

Changes to mean sea level and/or sea level extremes (e.g., storm surges) will lead to changes in coastal impacts. These changes represent a changing exposure or risk to our society. Here, we present 21st century sea-level projections for Norway largely based on the Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC AR5). An important component of past and present sea-level change in Norway is glacial isostatic adjustment. We therefore pay special attention to vertical land motion, which is constrained using new geodetic observations with improved spatial coverage and accuracies, and modelling work. Projected ensemble mean 21st century relative sea-level changes for Norway are, depending on location, from −0.10 to 0.30 m for emission scenario RCP2.6; 0.00 to 0.35 m for RCP 4.5; and 0.15 to 0.55 m for RCP8.5. For all RCPs, the projected ensemble mean indicates that the vast majority of the Norwegian coast will experience a rise in sea level. Norway’s official return heights for extreme sea levels are estimated using the average conditional exceedance rate (ACER) method. We adapt an approach for calculating sea level allowances for use with the ACER method. All the allowances calculated give values above the projected ensemble mean Relative Sea Level (RSL) rise, i.e., to preserve the likelihood of flooding from extreme sea levels, a height increase above the most likely RSL rise should be used in planning. We also show that the likelihood of exceeding present-day return heights will dramatically increase with sea-level rise.
Thermo-Hydraulic Analysis of Heat Storage Filled with the Ceramic Bricks Dedicated to the Solar Air Heating System
Authors: Nemś Magdalena , Nemś Artur , Kasperski Jacek , Pomorski Michał
Published: August 2017

This article presents the results of a study into a packed bed filled with ceramic bricks. The designed storage installation is supposed to become part of a heating system installed in a single-family house and eventually to be integrated with a concentrated solar collector adapted to climate conditions in Poland. The system’s working medium is air. The investigated temperature ranges and air volume flow rates in the ceramic bed were dictated by the planned integration with a solar air heater. Designing a packed bed of sufficient parameters first required a mathematical model to be constructed and heat exchange to be analyzed, since heat accumulation is a complex process influenced by a number of material properties. The cases discussed in the literature are based on differing assumptions and different formulas are used in calculations. This article offers a comparison of various mathematical models and of system operating parameters obtained from these models. The primary focus is on the Nusselt number. Furthermore, in the article, the thermo-hydraulic efficiency of the investigated packed bed is presented. This part is based on a relationship used in solar air collectors with internal storage.
Electroless Nickel Deposition for Front Side Metallization of Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Hsieh Shu , Hsieh Jhong , Chen Wen , Chuang Chia
Published: August 2017

In this work, nickel thin films were deposited on texture silicon by electroless plated deposition. The electroless-deposited Ni layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and sheet resistance measurement. The results indicate that the dominant phase was Ni2Si and NiSi in samples annealed at 300–800 °C. Sheet resistance values were found to correlate well with the surface morphology obtained by SEM and the results of XRD diffraction. The Cu/Ni contact system was used to fabricate solar cells by using two different activating baths. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of the Cu/Ni samples, before and after annealing, was measured under air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions to determine solar cell properties. The results show that open circuit voltage of a solar cell can be enhanced when the activation solution incorporated hydrofluoric acid (HF). This is mainly attributed to the native silicon oxide layer that can be decreased and/or removed by HF with the corresponding reduction of series resistance.
A Dereplication and Bioguided Discovery Approach to Reveal New Compounds from a Marine-Derived Fungus Stilbella fimetaria
Authors: Kildgaard Sara , Subko Karolina , Phillips Emma , Goidts Violaine , De la Cruz Mercedes , Díaz Caridad , Gotfredsen Charlotte , Andersen Birgitte , Frisvad Jens , Nielsen Kristian , Larsen Thomas
Published: August 2017

A marine-derived Stilbella fimetaria fungal strain was screened for new bioactive compounds based on two different approaches: (i) bio-guided approach using cytotoxicity and antimicrobial bioassays; and (ii) dereplication based approach using liquid chromatography with both diode array detection and high resolution mass spectrometry. This led to the discovery of several bioactive compound families with different biosynthetic origins, including pimarane-type diterpenoids and hybrid polyketide-non ribosomal peptide derived compounds. Prefractionation before bioassay screening proved to be a great aid in the dereplication process, since separate fractions displaying different bioactivities allowed a quick tentative identification of known antimicrobial compounds and of potential new analogues. A new pimarane-type diterpene, myrocin F, was discovered in trace amounts and displayed cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines. Further media optimization led to increased production followed by the purification and bioactivity screening of several new and known pimarane-type diterpenoids. A known broad-spectrum antifungal compound, ilicicolin H, was purified along with two new analogues, hydroxyl-ilicicolin H and ilicicolin I, and their antifungal activity was evaluated.
Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and Phase Transformation of Quaternary NiTiFeNb and NiTiFeTa Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Liang Yulong , Jiang Shuyong , Zhang Yanqiu , Yu Junbo
Published: August 2017

Based on ternary Ni45Ti51.8Fe3.2 (at %) shape memory alloy (SMA), Nb and Ta elements are added to an NiTiFe SMA by replacing Ni element, and consequently quaternary Ni44Ti51.8Fe3.2Nb1 and Ni44Ti51.8Fe3.2Ta1 (at %) SMAs are fabricated. The microstructure, mechanical property, and phase transformation of NiTiFeNb and NiTiFeTa SMAs are further investigated. Ti2Ni and β-Nb phases can be observed in NiTiFeNb SMA, whereas Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti phases can be captured in NiTiFeTa SMA. As compared to NiTiFe SMA, quaternary NiTiFeNb and NiTiFeTa SMAs possess the higher strength, since solution strengthening plays a considerable role. NiTiFeNb and NiTiFeTa SMAs exhibit a one-step transformation from B2 austenite to B19’ martensite during cooling, but they experience a two-step transformation of B19’-R-B2 during heating.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Benzofuran Derivatives as Selective SIRT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Cui Huaqing , Yu Xiaoming , Peng Tao , Wang Gang , Wen Xiaoxue , Sun Yunbo , Liu Shuchen , Zhang Shouguo , Hu Liming , Wang Lin
Published: August 2017

A series of benzofuran derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activites were measured against the SIRT1–3. The enzymatic assay showed that all the compounds showed certain anti-SIRT2 activity and selective over SIRT1 and SIRT3 with IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values at the micromolar level. The preliminary structure–activity relationships were analyzed and the binding features of compound 7e (IC50 3.81 µM) was predicted using the CDOCKER program. The results of this research could provide informative guidance for further optimizing benzofuran derivatives as potent SIRT2 inhibitors.
Inositol Derivatives and Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Taraxacum coreanum
Authors: Mo Eun , Ahn Jong , Jo Yang , Kim Seon , Hwang Bang , Lee Mi
Published: August 2017

In this study, the characterization of chemical constituents and biological activity of the roots of Taraxacum coreanum (Asteraceae) was attempted. Phytochemical investigation of the roots of T. coreanum led to the isolation of two new inositol derivatives, taraxinositols A (1) and B (2), and a new phenolic compound, taraxinol (16), together with twenty known compounds including four inositol derivatives, neo-inositol-1,4-bis (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (3), chiro-inositol-1,5-bis(4- hydroxybenzeneacetate) (4), chiro-inositol-2,3-bis (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (5) and chiro-inositol- 1,2,3-tris (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (6), nine phenolic compounds: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), vanillin (8), syringaldehyde (9), vanillic acid (10), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (11), 4-hydroxy- phenylacetic acid methyl ester (12), optivanin (13), isoferulic acid (14) and dihydroconiferyl alcohol (15), four coumarins: nodakenetin (17), decursinol (18), prangol (19) and isobyakangelicin (20), and three lignans: syringaresinol-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (21), syringaresinol (22), and pinoresinol (23). The structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolated compounds, vanillic acid, isoferulic acid and syringaresinol showed radical scavenging activity with IC50 values ranging from 30.4 to 75.2 μM.
Grain Foods Are Contributors of Nutrient Density for American Adults and Help Close Nutrient Recommendation Gaps: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012
Authors: Papanikolaou Yanni , Fulgoni Victor
Published: August 2017

The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015-2020 DGA) maintains recommendations for increased consumption of whole grains while limiting intake of enriched/refined grains. A variety of enriched grains are sources of several shortfall nutrients identified by 2015-2020 DGA, including dietary fiber, folate, iron, and magnesium. The purpose of this study was to determine food sources of energy and nutrients for free-living U.S. adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012. Analyses of grain food sources were conducted using a single 24-h recall collected in adults ≥19 years of age (n = 10,697). Sources of nutrients contained in all grain foods were determined using United States Department of Agriculture nutrient composition databases and the food grouping scheme for grains (excluding mixed dishes). Mean energy and nutrient intakes from the total diet and from various grain food groups were adjusted for the sample design using appropriate weights. All grains provided 285 ± 5 kcal/day or 14 ± 0.2% kcal/day in the total diet in adult ≥19 years of age. In the total daily diet, the grain category provided 7.2 ± 0.2% (4.9 ± 0.1 g/day) total fat, 5.4 ± 0.2% (1.1 ± 0.03 g/day) saturated fat, 14.6 ± 0.3% (486 ± 9 mg/day) sodium, 7.9 ± 0.2% (7.6 ± 0.2 g/day) total sugar, 22.8 ± 0.4% (3.9 ± 0.1 g/day) dietary fiber, 13.2 ± 0.3% (122 ± 3 mg/day) calcium, 33.6 ± 0.5% (219 ± 4 mcg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/day) folate, 29.7 ± 0.4% (5.3 ± 0.1 mg/day) iron, and 13.9 ± 0.3% (43.7 ± 1.1 mg/day) magnesium. Individual grain category analyses showed that breads, rolls and tortillas and ready-to-eat cereals provided minimal kcal/day in the total diet in men and women ≥19 years of age. Similarly, breads, rolls and tortillas, and ready-to-eat cereals supplied meaningful contributions of shortfall nutrients, including dietary fiber, folate and iron, while concurrently providing minimal amounts of nutrients to limit. Cumulatively, a variety of grain food groups consumed by American adults contribute to nutrient density in the total diet and have the potential to increase consumption of shortfall nutrients as identified by 2015–2020 DGA, particularly dietary fiber, folate, and iron.
Influence of Temperature on the Electromechanical Properties of Ionic Liquid-Doped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
Authors: Almomani Abdallah , Hong Wangyujue , Hong Wei , Montazami Reza
Published: August 2017

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators have considerable potential for a wide range of applications. Although IPMC actuators are widely studied for their electromechanical properties, most studies have been conducted at the ambient conditions. The electromechanical performance of IPMC actuators at higher temperature is still far from understood. In this study, the effect of temperature on the electromechanical behavior (the rate of deformation and curvature) and electrochemical behavior (current flow) of ionic liquid doped IPMC actuators are examined and reported. Both electromechanical and electrochemical studies were conducted in air at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 90 °C. Electromechanically, the actuators showed lower cationic curvature with increasing temperature up to 70 °C and a slower rate of deformation with increasing temperature up to 50 °C. A faster rate of deformation was recorded at temperatures higher than 50 °C, with a maximum rate at 60 °C. The anionic response showed a lower rate of deformation and a higher anionic curvature with increasing temperatures up to 50 °C with an abrupt increase in the rate of deformation and decrease of curvature at 60 °C. In both cationic and anionic responses, actuators started to lose functionality and show unpredictable performance for temperatures greater than 60 °C, with considerable fluctuations at 70 °C. Electrochemically, the current flow across the actuators was increased gradually with increasing temperature up to 80 °C during the charging and discharging cycles. A sudden increase in current flow was recorded at 90 °C indicating a shorted circuit and actuator failure.
Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film with Poly(p-aminothiophenol) Outer Layer Coated on Gold Nanoparticles Inner Layer for Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensing Paraoxon
Authors: Li Shanshan , Luo Qingying , Liu Yaowen , Zhang Zhiqing , Shen Guanghui , Wu Hejun , Chen Anjun , Liu Xingyan , Zhang Aidong
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the fabrication of a molecularly imprinted, polymer-based disposable electrochemical sensor for paraoxon (PO) determination. The sensor was based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with a surface molecularly imprinted poly (p-aminothiophenol) (PATP)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composite film, which consisted of a PATP outer layer and an AuNPs inner layer. We report a novel strategy, combining surface molecularly imprinting and self-assembly directed electro-polymerization with high densely imprinting PO molecules in the PATP/AuNPs film. Firstly, AuNPs were in situ electrodeposited at the electrode surface, and then assembled with electropolmerizable functional monomer p-aminothiophenol (ATP). Subsequently, PO molecules were assembled onto the ATP monolayer-modified AuNPs, forming a basis of surface molecular imprinting. After that, replenished PO molecules were embedded in the PATP/AuNPs film by PO and the ATP molecular self-assembly directed electro-polymerization in the polymerization precursor mixture. The resulting imprinted PATP/AuNPs/SPCE possesses high sensitivity, affinity, and selectivity toward PO, with a low detection limit of 1 × 10−9 M. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of PO in fruit and vegetables, giving satisfactory recoveries. The strategy reported herein can be further expected to fabricate various molecular imprinted sensors for the determination of other pesticide residuals.
Religious Beliefs and Their Relevance for Treatment Adherence in Mental Illness: A Review
Authors: Zagożdżon Paweł , Wrotkowska Magdalena
Published: August 2017

Approximately 50% of patients do not adhere to medical therapy. Religious and spiritual factors may play an important role in determining medication compliance in mental illness. The aim of this paper is to review published evidence documenting a relationship between religion/spirituality (R/S) and treatment adherence in mental illness, in particular in schizophrenia, depression and substance abuse. This review summarizes, categorizes and defines the role of religious beliefs as a factor improving medication compliance in mental illness. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were eligible for the review if they were published in December 2015 or earlier, analyzed the effects of religious beliefs or spirituality on medication compliance, or adherence to other therapeutic interventions in mental illness. The vast majority of published studies analyzed the effects of religion on medication compliance in schizophrenia and addiction. In schizophrenia patients, religious beliefs turned out to be a predictor of worse treatment adherence. However, spiritual orientation was shown to play an important role in the recovery from addiction, and to improve adherence in patients with this condition. Furthermore, better treatment adherence was observed in more religious patients diagnosed with depression. While religious beliefs and spirituality may represent an important source of hope and meaning, they often interfere with treatment adherence. Therefore, psychiatrists should consider religious and spiritual beliefs of their patients, and verify if and to what extent they improve their medication compliance.
A Study of Landfast Ice with Sentinel-1 Repeat-Pass Interferometry over the Baltic Sea
Authors: Marbouti Marjan , Praks Jaan , Antropov Oleg , Rinne Eero , Leppäranta Matti
Published: August 2017

Mapping of fast ice displacement and investigating sea ice rheological behavior is a major open topic in coastal ice engineering and sea ice modeling. This study presents first results on Sentinel-1 repeat-pass space borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) in the Gulf of Bothnia over the fast ice areas. An InSAR pair acquired in February 2015 with a temporal baseline of 12 days has been studied here in detail. According to our results, the surface of landfast ice in the study area was stable enough to preserve coherence over the 12-day baseline, while previous InSAR studies over the fast ice used much shorter temporal baselines. The advantage of longer temporal baseline is in separating the fast ice from drift ice and detecting long term trends in deformation maps. The interferogram showed displacement of fast ice on the order of 40 cm in the study area. Parts of the displacements were attributed to forces caused by sea level tilt, currents, and thermal expansion, but the main factor of the displacement seemed to be due to compression of the drift ice driven by southwest winds with high speed. Further interferometric phase and the coherence measurements over the fast ice are needed in the future for understanding sea ice mechanism and establishing sustainability of the presented InSAR approach for monitoring dynamics of the landfast ice with Sentinel-1 data.
National BDS Augmentation Service System (NBASS) of China: Progress and Assessment
Authors: Shi Chuang , Zheng Fu , Lou Yidong , Gu Shengfeng , Zhang Weixing , Dai Xiaolei , Li Xianjie , Guo Hailin , Gong Xiaopeng
Published: August 2017

Abstract: In this contribution, the processing strategies of real-time BeiDou System (BDS) precise orbits, clocks, and ionospheric corrections in the National BDS Augmentation Service System (NBASS) are briefly introduced. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of BDS predicted orbits are better than 10 cm in radial and cross-track components, and the accuracy of the BDS real-time clock is better than 0.5 ns for Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Mid Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. The accuracy of BDS Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) orbits and clocks are worse than the IGSO and MEO satellites due to its poor geometry conditions. The real-time ionospheric correction is evaluated by cross-validation, and the average accuracy in the vertical direction is about 4 TECU. With these real-time corrections, the overall single and dual-frequency kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) performance in China are evaluated in terms of positioning accuracy at the 95% confidence level and convergence time. The BDS PPP positioning accuracy shows significant regional characteristics due to the geometry distribution of BDS satellites and the accuracy of ionospheric model in different regions. The BDS dual-frequency PPP positioning accuracy in high-latitude and western fringe region is about 0.5 m and 1.0 m in the horizontal and vertical component, respectively, while the horizontal accuracy is better than 0.2 m and the vertical accuracy is better than 0.3 m in the midlands. The convergence time of the BDS PPP is much longer than the GPS PPP and it needs more than 60 min to achieve the accuracy better than 10 cm in both horizontal and vertical directions for dual-frequency PPP. Similar with dual-frequency PPP, the positioning accuracy of the BDS single-frequency PPP in the fringe region is worse than other regions. The positioning in the midlands can achieve 0.5 m in horizontal component and 1.0 m in the vertical component. In addition, when GPS and BDS are combined, the positioning performance of both single-frequency and dual-frequency PPP can be greatly improved.
Exhaust Pollutants Characteristic of In-Use Vehicles under Acceleration Simulation Mode and Emission Standard Revision for Hei Longjiang Province, China
Authors: Li Hongliang , Chu Jiangwei , Li Jialu , Wang Haosong , Wang Shengjun
Published: August 2017

The large sample data classification statistics of exhaust pollutants test data from 57,997 in-use vehicles were conducted under acceleration simulation mode conditions, two-speed idle conditions and free acceleration conditions. Aiming at the test data obtained from acceleration simulation mode, the implementation date of different stages national standards for vehicle emissions was regarded as the service life interval classification rules. Emission limits provided by the inistry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China are referred to analyze the unqualified rate, the changing trends and group deterioration trends systematically. The determining principles and requirements on exhaust pollutants limits when formulating a new local standard in China are described. Standard revision process through determining the revision object of exhaust pollutants limits and predicting unqualified rate based on the pre-revised limits and post-revised limits is proposed. The research can not only extract valuable information from large data for accurately determining the characteristics of high-emission vehicles, but help environmental management department to formulate relevant vehicles exhaust pollutants limits standard and management decisions.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management Implementation–Enablers and Barriers in the Textile Industry
Authors: Oelze Nelly
Published: August 2017

The distinct definition of accordance in the perceived barriers and enablers for sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) policy implementation has been the subject of various research studies, but a distinct focus on the textile sector has been the object of limited previous attention. However, it has been found that it affects the approach to developments in company approaches to sustainable supply chain management within that industry. This article presents the results of an in-depth comparative case study analysis, drawing on 23 interviews with managers of 10 companies from the textile industry. The analysis demonstrates that specific modes of collaboration can both enable an effective SSCM and diminish barriers for policy implementation. The width and depth varies between a collaborative management approach for an effective internal SSCM versus industry collaboration and buyer supplier collaboration to address external barriers and enablers.
AdS/CFT in Fractional Dimension and Higher-Spins at One Loop
Authors: Skvortsov Evgeny , Tran Tung
Published: August 2017

Large-N, ϵ -expansion or the conformal bootstrap allow one to make sense of some of conformal field theories in non-integer dimension, which suggests that AdS/CFT may also extend to fractional dimensions. It was shown recently that the sphere free energy and the a-anomaly coefficient of the free scalar field can be reproduced as a one-loop effect in the dual higher-spin theory in a number of integer dimensions. We extend this result to all integer and also to fractional dimensions. Upon changing the boundary conditions in the higher-spin theory the sphere free energy of the large-N Wilson-Fisher CFT can also be reproduced from the higher-spin side.
Mitigation Options for Future Water Scarcity: A Case Study in Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Archipelago)
Authors: Reyes Maria , Trifunović Nemanja , Sharma Saroj , Behzadian Kourosh , Kapelan Zoran , Kennedy Maria
Published: August 2017

Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos Archipelago), like many other tourist islands, is currently experiencing an exponential increase in tourism and local population growth, jeopardizing current and future water supply. An accurate assessment of the future water supply/demand balance is crucial to capital investment for water infrastructure. This paper aims to present five intervention strategies, which are suggested to solve the future water crisis. The strategies combined include environmentally sustainable options such as rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling and water demand management, as well as desalination. These strategies were evaluated under four population growth scenarios (very fast, fast, moderate and slow growths) by using several Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) including water demand, leakage levels, total costs, energy consumption, rainwater delivered and greywater recycled. Moreover, it also aims to develop a methodology for similar islands, using the WaterMet2 modelling approach, a tool for integrated of sustainable-based performance of urban water systems. The results obtained show that by 2044 only a small portion of the future water demand can be covered assuming business as usual. Therefore, desalination seems to be the most viable option in order to mitigate the lack of water at the end of the planning period considering the growth trends. However, strategies comprising more environmentally friendly alternatives may be sufficient, but only under slow population growth scenarios.
Water Resources of the Black Sea Catchment under Future Climate and Landuse Change Projections
Authors: Rouholahnejad Freund Elham , Abbaspour Karim , Lehmann Anthony
Published: August 2017

As water resources become further stressed due to increasing levels of societal demand, understanding the effect of climate and landuse change on various components of the water cycle is of strategic importance. In this study we used a previously developed hydrologic model of the Black Sea Catchment (BSC) to assess the impact of potential climate and landuse changes on the fresh water availability. The BSC model was built, calibrated, and validated against observed daily river discharge for the period of 1973–2006 using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) as the modeling tool. We employed the A2 and B2 scenarios of 2017–2050 generated by the Danish Regional Climate Model (HIRHAM), and four potential future landuse scenarios based on the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC)’s special report on emissions scenarios (SRES) storylines, to analyze the impact of climate change and landuse change on the water resources of the BSC. The detailed modeling and the ensemble of the scenarios showed that a substantial part of the catchment will likely experience a decrease in freshwater resources by 30 to 50%.
Optimized Subsurface Irrigation System (OPSIS): Beyond Traditional Subsurface Irrigation
Authors: Gunarathna M. , Sakai Kazuhito , Nakandakari Tamotsu , Kazuro Momii , Onodera Tsuneo , Kaneshiro Hiroyuki , Uehara Hiroshi , Wakasugi Kousuke
Published: August 2017

Technologies that ensure the availability of water for crops need to be developed in order for agriculture to be sustainable in the face of climate change. Irrigation is costly, so technologies need to be improved or newly developed, not only with the aim of the sustainable use of precious water resources, but also with the aim of reducing associated labor and energy costs, which lead to higher production costs. OPSIS (optimized subsurface irrigation system) is a super water-saving subsurface irrigation system developed to irrigate upland crops by soil capillarity. It is an environmentally-friendly, solar-powered automatic irrigation method with minimum energy consumption and operational costs. In soils vulnerable to drought damage, OPSIS can outperform other irrigation methods. This technical note introduces OPSIS.