bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÖNORM B 2110:2023
Authors: Wenusch Herrmann
Published: December 2024

Fundierte Grundlage für die Entscheidungsfindung in der Praxis - Rechtsstand Juli 2024

Die ÖNORM B 2110 ist seit vielen Jahren fester Bestandteil nahezu jedes Bauvertrags. Die Kommentierung der Ausgabe 2023 der ÖNORM B 2110 stellt eine unverzichtbare Ressource für alle dar, die sich mit dem Bauvertragsrecht auseinandersetzen.

Sie bietet eine praxisorientierte Erläuterung der Norm und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die Bauvertragspraxis und macht die komplexen Bestimmungen nicht nur für Juristen, sondern auch für Praktiker*innen ohne juristisches Hintergrundwissen zugänglich. Mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die relevante Judikatur bietet der Kommentar eine umfassende und dabei trotzdem übersichtliche Darstellung.

Die Änderungen der jeweiligen Ausgabe sind seit der Ausgabe 2002 übersichtlich tabellarisch aufgearbeitet und bieten einen schnellen Überblick über die Neuerungen. Die Darstellung der Vor- und Nachteile der Vereinbarung der ÖNORM B 2110 helfen bei der Vertragsgestaltung in der Baupraxis. Tabellen und Grafiken erleichtern das Verständnis. Ausgewählte Gesetzesstellen stellen sicher, dass der Kommentar auch ohne Internetzugang ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel bleibt. Diese 3. Auflage ist ein Muss für Expert*innen des Bauvertragsrechts, für Baupraktiker*innen, Jurist*innen in Bauunternehmen und Rechtsanwält*innen.
La Institución del Reclamo Administrativo Tributario en el Ecuador
Authors: Saltos Hidalgo Milton Fernando
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La investigación efectuada, concerniente al Derecho Procesal Tributario ecuatoriano, ha llevado indefectiblemente a revisar y analizar objetivamente las disposiciones nacionales respecto de la institución jurídica del reclamo administrativo en el Ecuador. Además del caso ecuatoriano, he realizado un análisis sobre la base normativa que ampara la institución del reclamo administrativo tributario en Colombia y Perú, al ser los vecinos más cercanos a la realidad del país. OBJETIVO. El principal objetivo fue realizar una investigación de la normativa jurídica que ampara el reclamo administrativo en el ámbito tributario ecuatoriano. Así también, se comparó esta institución jurídica ecuatoriana con lo que señalan las disposiciones de los países hermanos de Colombia y Perú. MÉTODO. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo se ha utilizado los métodos cualitativo y descriptivo. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. El reclamo administrativo en la legislación de los países andinos analizados, presentan características muy similares, con definiciones y procedimientos establecidos en la normativa tributaria de cada país.
La Conciliación Judicial como mecanismo procesal para la resolución de conflictos en materia de alimentos
Authors: Duque Jironza Laura Zulima
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente artículo analiza la conciliación como mecanismo de resolución de conflictos introducida por la legislación ecuatoriana como una etapa o fase procesal en los juicios relacionados con materia de alimentos, en la cual destaca la figura del tercero imparcial y neutral investido de la potestad estatal jurisdiccional. OBJETIVO. Controvertir el tradicional concepto de la conciliación como mecanismo alternativo de solución de controversias tomando como punto de partida su contextualización normativa en Ecuador, donde es considerado un mecanismo intra procesal en las disputas en materia de alimentos. MÉTODO. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se empleó el método de revisión bibliográfica con enfoque cualitativo, así como análisis de estadísticas del Consejo de la Judicatura con enfoque cuantitativo. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Reflexionar sobre la aplicación de la conciliación como etapa o fase procesal para la solución de conflictos, así como su eficacia en la práctica ecuatoriana, a través del análisis comparativo de las cifras publicadas por el Consejo de la Judicatura
La admisibilidad de la prueba según el COGEP y la motivación de sentencias como elemento del debido proceso
Authors: Tovar Jacome Stefanía Jeanneth
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El Estado ecuatoriano ha determinado en la norma constitucional el debido proceso, que establece, entre otras garantías constitucionales, la motivación. Los jueces deben respetar las disposiciones constitucionales y legales sobre la adecuada motivación y fundamentación de las sentencias. También es un elemento esencial la prueba, que es una actividad encaminada a demostrar la verdad de una afirmación. OBJETIVO. Analizar la admisibilidad de la prueba según el COGEP y la motivación de sentencias como elemento del debido proceso. MÉTODO. El enfoque fue cualitativo de carácter fenomenológico, de alcance descriptivo, aplicándose una revisión bibliográfica de los fundamentos legales y documentales y utilizándose los métodos analítico-sintético y exegético. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. La motivación se considera bajo dos dimensiones: la verbalización de los motivos que han llevado a la decisión y como justificación tanto en la admisibilidad y la valoración de la prueba como en la emisión de la sentencia. La motivación es una de las garantías constitucionales del debido proceso. El fenómeno de la prueba de los hechos y el de la motivación de la sentencia tienen una asociación estrecha, de recíproca implicación. En Ecuador, la motivación es considerada uno de los elementos básicos para prevenir y controlar la valoración arbitraria de la apreciación de la prueba por parte de los jueces.
Pola Asuh Model Gentle Parenting di Era Digital Ekosistem Kecerdasan Artifisial
Authors: Azizah Choirunisa Azzahra
Published: December 2024

The development of information and communication technology, especially artificial intelligence (AI), has changed the way children interact with the world. The current digital era brings many opportunities, but also challenges, such as mental health risks and difficulties in social development. Therefore, parents need to adopt a relevant parenting approach. This study aims to explore the application of the Gentle Parenting parenting model in a digital context. This study uses the literature review method. This study shows that the application of the Gentle Parenting parenting pattern in the digital era, especially in the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem, provides an effective approach for parents in facing increasingly complex technological challenges. With an emphasis on the principles of empathy, open communication, and setting clear boundaries, Gentle Parenting not only helps children use technology wisely but also supports healthy emotional and social development.
The Importance of Witness A De Charge as Evidence for the Defendant in the Crime of Domestic Violence (KDRT) (Case Study of Decision No. 3339/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Sby)
Authors: Istiqomah Hikmah , Waluyo
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction to the Problem: The law was created to regulate and protect all components of society. The preamble of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1981 point C concerning Criminal Procedure Law explains that national development in the field of criminal procedure law is intended to make the community appreciate their rights and obligations and to improve the attitude of law enforcers and the protection of human dignity, order and legal certainty for the implementation of the rule of law in accordance with the 1945 Constitution.
Purpose/Study Objectives: This research aims to find out how important the position of witness a de charge is for the defendant in the crime of domestic violence.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses normative juridical research methods. Data collection was carried out by means of literature and document studies. Data analysis was carried out using analytical descriptive methods and using a qualitative approach.
Findings: The results showed that there is a right to submit witnesses or experts that have been given by the law by the suspect or defendant as referred to in Article 65 of the Criminal Procedure Code, so that the examiners at all levels of examination are obliged to ask the suspect or defendant, but there is no obligation for the defendant to present witnesses in the trial so that it will not affect the legal status of the defendant.
Paper Type: Research Article
Strengthening Maternal and Child Health Services: Evaluating the KIA Book Training Program for Posyandu Cadres
Authors: Nurmilawati Nurmilawati , Nugroho Adi , Audhah Nelly Al , Febriana Silvia Kristanti Tri , Noor Meitria Syahadatina
Published: December 2024

This study explores the effects of a comprehensive training program on the skills, knowledge, and motivation of Posyandu cadres in Guntung Manggis, Banjarbaru, Indonesia—a region with notably high maternal and infant mortality rates. The sample included 68 Posyandu cadres, divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent an interactive, hands-on training program, which led to significant improvements in knowledge and practical skills compared to the control group. Post-training, the intervention group’s mean skills score increased from 48.24 ± 6.47 to 74.15 ± 7.85, while the control group showed no significant change. These findings suggest that comprehensive training programs, which incorporate practical and interactive components, are more effective than traditional lecture-based methods in enhancing cadre competencies. It is recommended that health authorities consider adopting such training programs on a larger scale, particularly in high-need areas, as a strategy to improve maternal and child health outcomes and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.
Impact Of Giving Cucumber Juice Changes Blood Pressure In Elderly Hypertension Sufferers At Integrated Service Post For The Elderly “X” In Malang Regency
Authors: Sutiyarsih Emy , Sulartri Anastasia Sri , Ariesti Ellia
Published: December 2024

Hypertension is known as a silent killer because many individuals are unaware that they have high blood pressure, which can lead to significant health complications and various diseases. Treatment modalities includes pharmacological intervention (medication) and non-pharmacological intervention (treatment without chemicals). Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins, water, and minerals such as cucumbers can be utilized as non-pharmacological treatments to manage blood pressure.  Cucumbers contain potassium, which helps to dilate blood vessels thereby reducing blood pressure. This study aims to determine the impact of administering cucumber juice to elderly individuals with hypertension. The research design employed quasi-experimental design, with the one group of pre-post-test method. The study included 30 respondents whose blood pressure was measured before and after consuming cucumber juice. The results were analyzed using Wilcoxon analysis test, with a p-value of 0.0001 0.05, indicating a significant impact of cucumber juice to elderly with hypertension. The Health Center is encouraged to implement and advocated for the use of cucumber juice as a non-pharmacological intervention for managing hypertension among the elderly.
A szem érintettsége a leggyakoribb autoimmun betegségekben
Authors: Sohár Nicolette , Kovács Attila , Smeller Lilla
Published: December 2024

Összefoglalásunkban bemutatjuk a leggyakrabban előforduló autoimmun kötőszöveti betegségek jellemző szemészeti tüneteit. A szemészeti tünetek ismeretével közelebb juthatunk a szisztémás gyulladásos betegségek pontos diagnózisához és megfelelő kezeléséhez.
Áldásos a megfelelő fittség : jutalmazást érdemel
Authors: Apor Péter
Published: December 2024

A csak megfelelő fizikai aktivitással megszerezhető és fenntartható, elegendően magas kardiorespiratórikus (aerob) fittség legalább két tucat betegség megelőzésében és gyógyításukban helyettesíthetetlen je­lentőségű.
Protection of drinking water from depletion and pollution
Authors: Zapolskiy A. , Shumyhay I.
Published: December 2024

Humanity consumes their needs huge amounts of fresh water. Its main customers are industry and agriculture. Even now, the lack of fresh water are experiencing not only the territory of that nature cheated water resources, but also many regions, more recently, been considered free in this respect. Limited freshwater supplies further reduced because of their pollution. Water quality of most water bodies of Ukraine does not meet the regulatory requirements. Small rivers polluted countries in order of magnitude greater than great. Status of water sources and centralized water supply systems cannot guarantee the required quality of drinking water, and in some regions this state reached dangerous levels for human health. Pollution affects not only the surface but also groundwater. Groundwater’s after the other elements of the environment are experiencing polluting impact on human activities. Now the problem of ecological status of water bodies is relevant for all watersheds. To improve the surface water should develop and implement specific measures. Also important is the introduction of modern efficient system of groundwater from the negative influence of technology and rehabilitation areas of greatest contamination.
Spatio-temporal changes of the micro-compositional contents of the Ustya river waters
Authors: Klimenko N. , Zaleski I. , Bedunkova O. , Klimenko A. , Glaz S.
Published: December 2024

Comparison of microcomponent composition of surface waters of Ustya river was done in different parts of the watercourse. It was revealed that the factor of formation of its spectrum changed from the surface in 1994 on the underground flow in 2014. In the modern part of the micro component composition of water microelements which are characteristic of the local geochemical background prevailed. The highest content in surface waters were Mn — from 70 to 500 g/dm3 of alignments observations; Ba 80– 180 g/dm3 ; Ti 10–50 g/dm3 ; Cu 5–35 g/dm3 ; V 1– 23 g/dm3 and Pb 1.5–8 g/dm3 (except alignments No. 5, 6); Ag 0.1–2.3 g/dm3 . Micro component composition of water in 1994 was characterized by a great variety of items. Comparative analysis of the total water pollution index shows that geochemical study of surface water load of the river remains minimal for 20 years, but has noticeable fluctuations in different parts of the watercourse. For example, in 1994 the rate of excess of background values was highest for Ni, an average for the river was 22.5 times with fluctuations of alignments of 0.2 (target No. 8) to 133.3 times (stvor No. 10). In 2014, the rate of excess of background values was highest for Cr, on average, for the river is 10.9 times with variations on alignments of 1.6 (target No. 5) to 13 times (target No. 3).
Soybean performance depending on the protective measures application
Authors: Derev’yanskyy V.
Published: December 2024

The results of many years of research hazard weed species composition in soybean crops are given. A range of protection measures that help to reduce the number of weeds in crops are revealed. Examination of experiments and farms located in the Right-bank Forest-steppe found that the arable soil layer has an average of 400 million pcs./ha to 3.8 billion. pcs./ha seeds of annual weeds. The ground seeds of annual weeds are prevailing that make up 87–90% of the total. More than two-thirds of arable land has increased dramatically the level of weed-infested debris and perennial weed species that make particularly high harmfulness. First of all, they are pink thistle, sow-thistle yellow thistle garden, couch, field bindweed and others. We studied the formation of species composition of weeds in soybean crops. Observations have found that soy is littered with 65 weed species of different biological groups. The dominant among them are 42 species. In average during years of observations, we counted 133.4 weeds on 1 m2 with their weight 1997.5 g/m2 , including annual cereals — 59.5% and dicotyledonous — 40.5%.
Prospects of exometabolites of micromycetae and analcime application for cabbage plant protection from fusariose
Authors: Zaimenko N. , Didik N. , Ellanska N. , Pavlyuchenko N. , Yunosheva A. , Zakrasov O. , Rosicka N.
Published: December 2024

The high antifungal influence of cultural medium of Penicillium roseopurpureum on phytopathogenic fungi of Fusarium genus and immunomodulating properties of analcite nanomaterial was shown. Sharp decrease in phytotoxicity after application of cultural medium of P. roseopurpureum both separately and together with analcite by direct bioassay method and analysis of allelopathic activity of hydrophilic substances of soil was established. Cytostatic effect of hydrophilic soil substances in the presence of Fusarium micromycetes was found, which disappeared after preliminary treatment of cabbage seed of the abovementioned cultural medium. There was also increase in proliferation under its joint action with analcite. Application of cultural medium of P. roseopurpureum both separately and together with analcite increased values of redox potential and reduced content of free phenolic compounds in the soil, that promoted improving conditions for humification and nutrient regime. The synergistic enhancement of the effect size for the combined application of cultural medium of P. roseopurpureum and analcite for protection of cabbage plants against fusariosis was established. It is shown that investigated substances stimulate the accumulation of flavonoids and catalase activity in leaves of cabbage seedlings, which may partly explain their protective effect.
The impact of biological preparations Biopolitsyd and Azotofit on the growth and development of tomato plants
Authors: Dmitruk O.
Published: December 2024

Recently vegetable drowing in Ukraine has acquired significant changes, and the problem of the quality of products is a leader in its industry. In terms of today’s the problem of environmental cleanliness of vegetables is widely considered — especially those that are consumed fresh. Modern vegetable production in Ukraine uses the potential of technology and genetic structures for only 10–30%. Management of biological processes in agrocenoses is possible through introduction agronomically useful microorganisms that allows strengthening or weakening the negative effect of undesirable to realize their potential effects. It is known that microorganisms of the root zone of plants significantly affect the growing season of plants and the quality of the resulting product, stimulatory or inhibitory action of microbial agents of biological products manifested in seed germination period. On this basis we faced the task to evaluate the impact of biologics on planting tomato plants properties. Research has established that micro-agents and biologics Biopolitsyd Azotofit favour the growth and development of seedling of tomato plants variety Raisa. After treating tomato seeds with biopreparation Biopolitsyd we observed stimulating the development of the root system up to 33.3%, which is an important indicator for the further development of tomato plants in greenhouses conditions. Biological Azotofit favoureded the development of the root system of tomato plants by 18.9%.
Scientific basis of optimization of land use and protection in the conditions of water and wind erosion
Authors: Drebot O. , Dobriak D. , Melnyk P.
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological principles of optimizing the use and protection of land under the conditions of water and wind erosion. Methodical approaches to the creation of an information base for the regional allocation of lands of inferior quality, which may be attractive for investment for non-agricultural use, have been formed. It is substantiated that one of the main factors of destabilization of the ecological situation in agricultural land use is excessive agricultural development and plowing of the territory, primarily in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. These processes had neither an economic nor an ecological justification for the balanced structure of land plots both in Ukraine as a whole and in regional formations. Degradation processes, which are not localized and become a threatening phenomenon, are gaining further development. The effect of water and wind erosion, which have a clearly expressed regional character, is especially intensified. For the Steppe zone, various methods of maximum projective coverage of artificial agrocenoses (July–August) and the peak of rain activity (May–June) are a significant factor that leads to a decrease in the development of both water and wind erosion. In such conditions, the soil cover is most susceptible to the negative effects of erosion processes, which significantly increases land degradation and reduces the productive capacity of land resources. This determines the need for a systematic approach to the development of a set of anti-erosion measures and to implement them with the use of both economic incentives and appropriate penalties. The article pays considerable attention to increasing the productivity of agriculture based on the application of highly effective measures to protect and preserve ecological balance in the environment in the following directions. In particular, the transition to the contour-ameliorative organization of the territory, which provides for the differentiation of the use of arable land according to the relevant technological parameters (inclination in degrees of slopes) and ecological data (surface runoff in t/ha), makes it possible not only to preserve soils from degradation, but also to increase the productivity of fields (3.0 thousand hectares) by 10–15%. provide extended reproduction of soil fertility. The introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies of anti-erosion tillage, which ensure extended reproduction of soil fertility. Great importance in the fight against water erosion is given to various hydrotechnical structures (quick streams, embankments, embankments-terraces, embankmentschannels) and field protection forest strips (longitudinal and transverse).
EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE IN THE REGION'S RESOURCE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kyporenko V. , Shyshpanova N. , Sotnikova I.
Published: December 2024

The study is devoted to the theoretical justification of the effective management of solid household waste in the system of development of the resource potential of the region. It was determined that the problem of solid household waste is partly due to resource origin. It has been established that under modern conditions there is a significant decrease in the world's reserves of non-renewable resources, as well as the deterioration of the natural environment due to the increased impact of production and consumption waste. Analyzing the development potential of the region within the framework of the material and technical block, it is appropriate to highlight the “resource potential of solid household waste” in it. Because the use of solid household waste as a secondary raw material expands the resource potential of the region. The experience of foreign countries regarding the management of solid household waste emphasizes the need for new conceptual approaches to the formation of resource potential, which are based on the rational use of primary and secondary resources.
Current trends and prospects of implementation of payment schemes for aquatic ecosystem services in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors: Kolmakova V. , Botsula O. , Vysochanska M.
Published: December 2024

The study justifies the necessity of researching and implementing foreign experience in implementing modern payment schemes for the provision of quality ecosystem services in water ecosystems in the context of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine. A differentiated analysis of the main types of ecosystem payment schemes for water ecosystem services (state, state-private, private, trading) is performed, and their main characteristics are disclosed and systematized. The focus is on an in-depth study of private payment schemes with the aim of their possible implementation in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the main forms of transactions in the context of forming payments for water ecosystem services, most commonly used in private schemes, are investigated: direct payments, land purchase, cost sharing, land development rights acquisition. Proposals for the implementation of payments for water ecosystem services in Ukraine based on the type of private schemes are developed on the basis of a conducted SWOT analysis. The strengths for Ukraine in the context of the stated problem may include: 1) the feasibility of considering the best examples of foreign experience regarding the advantages of introducing payments to landowners for sustainable water management, which are more economically efficient than traditional construction of filtration plants; 2) the simplicity of the mechanism for introducing private payment schemes for water ecosystem services into forestry practice due to their regulation within the framework of civil contracts and on a voluntary basis; 3) the availability of a variety of transaction mechanisms and financial mechanisms in private schemes, which allow for flexible decisions regarding their practical implementation, taking into account the local characteristics of the water ecosystem and its services. The prospects for further research on the outlined issues are determined, including the formation of a comprehensive ecosystem approach to the implementation of modern payment schemes for the use of resources and services in water ecosystems and the development of modern methodological approaches to determining the size of such payments.
Influence of growing conditions of mustard seed on its storage duration
Authors: Mykolaiko I.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research on determining the influence of seed growing conditions on its quality during long-term storage. The study was conducted with seeds that had high quality indicators (germination and germination energy) — 83–84%, which were grown without fertilizers (control) and with the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in a dose of P45K45, both without foliar fertilization and with one-time nitrogen fertilization fertilizers in a dose of N15. It was established that, on average, for all varieties during the first year of seed storage both in the control and in the seeds grown on fertilized plots, the energy of germination significantly decreased: in the control — from 96 to 95%; for adding P45K45 — from 96 to 97%; with the joint application of the main fertilizer and foliar fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers — from 95 to 96%. Germination of seeds grown with the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers did not decrease during the first year of storage, and the combined application of the main fertilizer with one-time foliar feeding both in the first and in the second year of storage ensured high seed germination, which was the same as before starting the experiment, — 96–97%. During three years of storage, seeds grown on a phosphorus-potassium background lost their germination by only 2%, and on a phosphorus-potassium background with foliar feeding — by 1% compared to the control (before the experiment was established). During seed storage for three years, germination energy and germination in the control (without fertilizers) significantly decreased in all varieties. Depending on the varietal characteristics, the quality of the seed similarly changed during its storage. Therefore, the quality of seeds (germination energy and germination) grown with the use of mineral fertilizers (main fertilization with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a complex with foliar feeding with nitrogen fertilizers) did not significantly decrease during three years of storage, but only a decreasing trend was observed. At the same time, in the control (without the use of fertilizers) during the second and third years of storage, seed quality significantly decreased in all varieties.
Methodology and methods of improving the economic state of the regions
Authors: Malinovska O. , Vatulyak R.
Published: December 2024

The article examines methodological approaches and practical methods of improving the economic status of the regions of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the analysis of state regulation tools, infrastructure deve lopment, innovative activity and investment attraction as key factors of economic growth. The significance of decentralization, support of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as regional planning to ensure sus tainable economic development is substantiated. The experience of Ukrainian and European scientists in the field of regional economic development has been studied, which allows us to offer comprehensive solutions for increasing the economic potential of regions in the face of modern challenges.
Assessment of ecologically destructive agrarian nature use and economic and legal responsibility in the system of land relations: methodological aspect
Authors: Mishenin Ye. , Yarova I.
Published: December 2024

The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to forming an economic assessment of eco-destructive agrarian nature use in the system of land relations within the framework of the mechanism of economic and legal environmental responsibility in the context of modern global and military challenges. The need to assess the ecological and economic efficiency of nature management is revealed by identifying the specific features of land relations which are the fundamental basis of the organisational and economic mechanism for ensuring balanced agrarian nature management, as well as for forming a mechanism of economic and legal environmental liability. The authors emphasises that ownership of natural objects (in particular, land resources) also has a responsibility function, which leads to further improvement of the system of ecological, economic and socio-ecological responsibility for the state of natural resource objects. The methodology for assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of agrarian natural resource use in the system of land relations is deepened in the format of assessing economic damage from the ecologically destructive state of agrarian natural objects, and land and resource potential as a constructive instrument of economic and legal responsibility. The general methodology for assessing the ecological and economic damage from the eco-destructive state of land and resource potential from the perspective of a decision-maker is outlined. The essential and substantive principles of economic and legal environmental responsibility in the system of agrarian nature management are deepened. It is determined that economic and legal environmental liability for ecologically destructive use of natural resources and violation of environmental legislation performs the following main functions: motivational, compensatory, preventive, evaluative, control and communication, and managerial.
Dynamics of 137Cs accumulation in fish from Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs
Authors: Volkova O. , Belyaev V. , Pryshliak S. , Kaglyan O. , Skyba V. , Prysiazhniuk N. , Nagorniuk O.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the temporal parameters of the dynamics of 137Cs specific activity in the bodies of fish in the Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs over a 35-year period following the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. Parameters characterizing the dynamics of 137Cs content in peaceful (Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Bliсssа bjoerkna, Abramis brama, Сarassius gibelio, Pelecus cultratus) and predatory fish (Aspius aspius, Esox lucius, Stizostedion lucioperca, Perca fluviatilis) were determined based on data on the specific activity of 137Cs in composite samples collected in 1986–(2020)2021 at various locations in the Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs. For peaceful and predatory fish of the Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs, three and two respective time intervals were identified, characterized by different intensities of 137Cs content reduction in the organisms. During 1986–1991, the specific activity of 137Cs in peaceful fish of the Kyiv reservoir decreased by an average of 2 times over 1.9 years, 1991–2002 — by 4.6 years, 2002–2020 — by 16 years. The half-life period of 137Cs content reduction in predatory fish for the period 1988–1993 was 3.4 years, 1993–2002 — 4.3 years, 2002–2020 — 8 years. From 1986(1987)–2004, the specific activity of 137Cs in peaceful and predatory fish in the Kaniv reservoir decreased by 2 times in approximately 5.6 years. During 2004–2021, the half-life period of radionuclide content reduction in the organisms of peaceful fish averaged 16 years and predatory fish — 10.3 years. Over time, the half-life period of 137Cs specific activity in fish of the Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs increases, explained by the slowing down of the rate of decrease in volumetric activity of 137Cs in the water of the Dnipro and Prypiat rivers. The determined parameters of the model describing the dynamics of 137Cs specific activity can be used for predictive assessments of 137Cs content in commercially important fish species in the event of accidental influx of radionuclides into the ecosystems of large plain reservoirs.
Monitoring of the current state of peatlands of the Western Polissia
Authors: Konishchuk V. , Shumyhai I. , Dushko P. , Martynenko V.
Published: December 2024

Among the minerals that our country is rich in, peat deposits are of significant importance. The latter are a complex multi-component and unique natural system that significantly affects the ecological state of the environment, especially in recent times of global warming. The article provides statistical data on peat reserves of Western Polissia (the northern part of the Volyn, Rivne oblast) in deposits of Ukraine and their properties are considered. Swamps and peat of the Western Polissia are a great natural resource, a center of carbon (carbon) deposition, a hydrological regulator, biotopes for the spread of rare species of biota, in particular with regard to marginal, boreal, postglacial species. The group composition of organic matter of upland and lowland type peat in the regions of Western Polissia was studied. Peat contains approximately 60% carbon and 40% oxygen, depending on composition and ash content, which was proven in the publication. Peat sediments primarily components and structural fragments, organic compounds from swamp plants. On the one hand, peat retains a certain ratio of fragments of varying degrees of preservation of the original plant phytogroup that form the macrostructure, and on the other hand, in the process of biotransformation, mineralization occurs at the same time — the breakdown of the most biodiversity components of plant tissues (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) into simple substances (carbon dioxide and water), and humification — the formation of new high-molecular compounds — humic acids (HA). The materials provide data on the yield of humic acids from the investigated peat samples. The presence of HA in peat, which have valuable agrochemical properties and physiological activity, determine its use in agriculture. The conducted research confirms that preparations of peat humic acids can be used as a promising material for obtaining natural medicines for balneological, medical and veterinary purposes. Currently, peat resources are recognized as a unique natural potential of organic origin, which affects the sustainable development of the environment. With the development of science, it has become a reliable source in biotechnology, nature conservation, paleoecology, etc. It is important to note that peat resources are conditionally renewable, but it is advisable not to use peat as fuel, and it is better to do it in organic agriculture, bioenergy and resource production (palud culture — cranberry, blueberry, miscanthus; bioenergy species such as willow, paulownia, etc.) etc.
Environmental risks in rapeseed cultivation
Authors: Zabarnyi O. , Zabarna T.
Published: December 2024

It has been established that rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important crop for global production, prima rily due to the high content and quality of the oil obtained from it. Rapeseed oil is widely used in the food industry, as well as in the medical and chemical industries. It is known that a significant amount of biodiesel is produced from rapeseed oil. Depending on the type of rapeseed processing, besides the oil, there is also cake or meal, which contains a large amount of protein. Therefore, this by-product is successfully used in livestock farming to enrich feed with protein. In order to improve the environmental situation and diversify the fuel market, the EU count ries are creating demand and stimulating further expansion of winter rapeseed crops, including in Ukraine. The increase in rapeseed production is planned not only by expanding the sown areas, but also by introducing new hybrids and improving the elements of cultivation technology. It is noted that the main environmental risks on the way to obtaining high and sustainable yields of rapeseed are pests, diseases and weeds. About 55 species of pests are known to damage rapeseed plants. Potential yield losses from pests can reach 40% or more, with a simultaneous decrease in seed quality. The most dangerous diseases in rapeseed crops are Phoma lingam, Alternaria brassicae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Affected plants are characterised by reduced nutrient and moisture uptake from the soil and impaired photosynthesis. Complete plant death is possible. Yield losses from diseases can reach 30–50% or more. Weeds are no less harmful, competing with rapeseed plants for light, moisture and nutrients. They are especially dangerous in the initial period of growth and development, as well as during the spring vegetation recovery.
Pengaruh Aset Pajak Tangguhan, Beban Pajak Tangguhan dan Perencanaan Pajak Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Cahyani Anggita , Isrowiyah Anna , Afandi Aang
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktiva pajak tangguhan, beban pajak tangguhan, dan perencanaan pajak terhadap manajemen laba. Data yang digunakan adalah informasi dari 12 perusahaan sektor pertanian dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2021. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan data sekunder. Data tersebut diolah dengan alat statistik SPSS 25. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa aktiva pajak tangguhan, beban pajak tangguhan, dan perencanaan pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, tetapi secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.
The Dystopian World of Sarah Kane’s Blasted: A Foucauldian Reading
Authors: Mhayyal Basaad Maher , Hassan Sana Lazim
Published: December 2024

Dystopian societies have been successfully portrayed by novelists as well as dramatists, especially during the twentieth century when people lived under severe social and political conditions that led to atrocities represented by wars, pandemics, nuclear bombs, and natural disasters. One of the best plays that reflected such societies is Sarah Kane’s Blasted (1995) which represents the worst dystopian scenario modern people can witness on stage because she portrayed different kinds of atrocities like eye-gouging, incest, rape, and cannibalism. That is why she was criticized harshly by her rivals as they accused her of being a rape-play girl looking for cheap success by selling sex and violence on the stage. It was only after her death, by committing suicide, that her plays were appreciated and re-considered as great works of art. This paper aims to investigate Blasted in the light of Foucault’s theory of power vs. resistance, madness, and sexuality as he sees modern dystopian societies as a kind of ‘hellscape’ where modern people are subject to rape, torture, violence, terrorism, suicide, and death. All these calamities can be seen in Kane’s play as it is representative of modern dystopia where people lose hope for a peaceful life.
Det demokratibärande cirkelledarskapet : Att leda studiecirklar inom politiska partier
Authors: Arriaza Hult Maria , Nordvall Henrik
Published: December 2024

I denna skrift får du möjlighet att fördjupa dig i hur erfarna studiecirkelledare inom politiska partier resonerar och planerar. Utifrån en studie vi genomfört är tanken att delge praktiskt användbara kunskaper om ett sammanhang för lärande som har en sällsynt stark och direkt koppling till demokrati som ideal och styrelseform.
Från doktorsavhandling till professionsvetenskaplig artikel - att kommunicera sin forskning till lärarprofessionen
Authors: Lunde Torodd , Höst Gunnar
Published: December 2024

Vad händer med struktur och innehåll i en text när man går från att skriva forskning för forskarsamhället till att skriva för yrkesverksamma lärare? Detta är en fråga som vi diskuterar i denna artikel. Vi synliggör skillnader i syfte och målgrupp när man skriver en doktorsavhandling och en professionsvetenskaplig text och diskuterar sedan vilka följder dessa skillnader får för struktur och innehåll i texterna. Dessutom presenterar vi en modell för skrivande när man vill skriva en professionsvetenskaplig text för lärare utifrån publicerade resultat från en doktorsavhandling eller ett forskningsprojekt. Avslutningsvis ger vi konkreta exempel på skillnader i struktur och innehåll genom att jämföra en professionsvetenskaplig artikel med den doktorsavhandling som den är baserad.
Automated approaches for the early stage distinguishing of Palmer amaranth from waterhemp
Authors: Venkataraju Akhil , Arumugam Dharanidharan , Kiran Ravi , Peters Thomas
Published: December 2024

Palmer amaranth and waterhemp are two invasive pigweed species, which have become most troublesome to crops, especially corn and soybean. Among these two weed species, Palmer amaranth is more harmful to crops as it can grow faster, spread rapidly, and reduce crop yields significantly when compared to waterhemp. Distinguishing Palmer amaranth from waterhemp is important for effective weed management and an increase in crop production. However, differentiating these two weeds in the early stage is considerably difficult owing to their similar morphological characteristics. In the current study, three artificial intelligence approaches, namely machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and object detection (OD) were employed to automate the identification of greenhouse-grown Palmer amaranth and waterhemp within two weeks after emergence, from their RGB images. Aspect ratio, roundness, and circularity were measured and supplied as the input for the ML classification models. Among the four ML models employed, the random forest model achieved the top classification accuracy of 70% with only 312 training instances. In the case of deep learning, the proposed convolutional neural network model trained on a single-object RGB image of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp achieved a classification accuracy of 93%, outperforming the top ML model. The image dataset used for the DL model increased from the original size of 2,000 to 16,000 by various augmentation techniques. Finally, a transfer-learning-based object detection model for localized identification of the weeds was designed. The OD model was developed by fine-tuning the head of YOLOv5 trained on the COCO dataset with 3,200 single-object images (images with single foliage of either Palmer amaranth or waterhemp). The OD model developed in this study achieved an accuracy of 83.5% and it can identify the weed foliages irrespective of their size and proximity to each other.
Educational data mining: factors influencing medical student success and the exploration of visualization techniques
Authors: Rueangket Ploywarong , Thaebanpakul Chulaluck , Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Prayote Akara
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Medical student education is critical in equipping future doctors to impact patient healthcare and the national public health system significantly. This study aimed to identify factors influencing student academic success (honors level or high-grade group) among medical students using data mining techniques applied to multidimensional educational data.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire administered to 145 medical students. A total of 13 factors spanning four domains—academic activity, demographics, environment, and psychology or learning style—were examined. The prevalence ratio (PR) and adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Unsupervised learning techniques, including cluster analysis and association rules, were used to identify hidden patterns. Visualization techniques, such as heatmaps and centroid plots derived from cluster analysis, were employed to depict data relationships and facilitate the interpretation of key trends. Internal validation was also evaluated.

Results

Among the 13 factors analyzed, logistic regression identified a pre-med GPAX ≥3.75 and an interest in internal medicine as statistically significant predictors of high academic performance, with adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of 1.73 (95% CI, 1.02–2.91, p = 0.040) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.14–2.03, p = 0.005), respectively. Cluster analysis revealed characteristic traits of high-grade students, including metropolitan residence, very high pre-med GPAX, and a preference for kinesthetic and reading learning styles. Association rules analysis further emphasized the importance of environmental factors, particularly transportation time to school and access to learning resources, in supporting academic success.

Conclusion

Educational data mining (EDM) provided valuable insights into factors contributing to medical student success. Logistic regression highlighted pre-med GPAX and an interest in internal medicine as key predictors. Cluster analysis uncovered patterns linking learning styles and academic performance, while association rules emphasized the role of environmental factors, such as school proximity and resource availability. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive and visually engaging framework to inform educational planning, potentially generating novel insights for addressing medical challenges and enhancing clinical practice.