bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synopsis and cladistics of the American Aterpini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cyclominae)
Authors: Morrone Juan J. , Roig-Juñent Sergio
Published: July 2010

The American members of the tribe Aterpini are restricted to the Central Chilean and Subantarctic biogeographic subregions of southern South America. They include the genera Alastoropolus Kuschel, with one species (A. strumosus), and Aegorhinus Erichson ( = Micropolus Kuschel, syn. n.), with 22 species. A cladistic analysis using 44 characters from external morphology produced 14 cladograms (CI = 0.39, RI = 0.62, and 177 steps, which after successive weighting were reduced to two cladograms (CI = 0.63, RI = 0.84, and 326 steps). Alastoropolus is the sister genus to Aegorhinus, whose species are arranged according to the following phylogenetic sequence: (A. fascicularis, (A. kuscheli, (A. delfini comb. n., (A. servillei; ((A. vitulus, A. bulbifer), (A. silvicola, A. nitens, ((A. inermis, (A. oculatus, (A. opaculus, (A. nodipennis, A. ochreolus)))), (A. transandinus, (A. maestus, (A. phaleratus, (A. boviei, (A. superciliosus, (A. subplanifrons, (A. schoenherri, (A. albolineatus, A. suturalis))))))))))))))). A key and habitus drawings are provided. Biogeographic patterns exhibited by species of American Aterpini indicate that they are basically restricted to the Maule and Valdivian provinces of the Sub-antarctic subregion, with three species (A. strumosus, A. delfini, and A. vitulus) also found in the Magellanic forest province of the same subregion, and two species (A. boviei and A. phaleratus) distributed in the Central Chilean subregion.
An overview of fossil Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with description of two new taxa from Baltic amber, and key to species of Electrostephanus Brues
Authors: Pires Aguiar Alexandre , Janzen Jens-Wilhelm
Published: July 2010

Protostephanus ashmeadi Cockerell is confirmed to be a stephanid, and illustrated. The taxonomic status of Protostephanus Cockerell and Electrostephanus Brues, their relationships with extant genera of Stephanidae, and problems in defining or synonymizing fossil genera of the family are discussed. Electrostephanus is provisorily redefined, two fossil species, E. sulcatus sp. n. and E. neovenatus sp. n. are described and illustrated from male specimens preserved in Eocene Baltic amber, and a key to species provided.
The tribe Aschistodesmini in the Solomon Islands (Diplopoda, Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Jeekel C.A.W.
Published: July 2010

The Aschistodesmini from the Solomon Island are reviewed. Besides clarifying notes on the status of the type and closely related species of Aschistodesmus, descriptive notes and illustrations of the gonopods of the Solomon species of this genus, particularly of those published by Chamberlin, 1920, under the generic name of Solomonosoma, are given. Two new species, A. spatulifer and A. tridentifer are described, and a key to the species is provided. From Rennell Island Dorcadogonus modestus gen. n., sp. n. is described.
Systematic revision and redefinition of the Neotropical genus Epipedonota Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with descriptions of eight new species
Authors: Flores Gustavo E. , Vidal Pedro
Published: July 2010

The tenebrionid genus Epipedonota Solier (Pimeliinae: Nycteliini), distributed in the eastern Andes from southern Bolivia to the southern Patagonia in Argentina and Chile, is revised and redefined on the basis of characters of external and internal morphology and male and female genitalia. This article includes a redescription of the genus, redescriptions or descriptions of each of its 23 species, an identification key, habitus photographs of the most representative species, drawings of genital features and metendosternites, and distribution maps. Epipedonota comprises 23 species, out of which eight are described as new: E. microplicatissima Flores & Vidal, E. boliviana Flores & Vidal, E. jujuyensis Flores & Vidal, E. tucumana Flores & Vidal, E. interandina Vidal & Flores, E. sanjuanina Flores & Vidal, E. cordobensis Flores & Vidal and E. mendocina Flores & Vidal. Other valid species of the genus are: Epipedonota tricostata Burmeister, E. elegantula Kulzer, E. willinki Kulzer, E. lata Waterhouse, E. subplana Gebien, E. plicatissima Kulzer, E. sublineata Berg, E. intercostata Berg, E. laevisulcata Fairmaire, E. microdera Burmeister, E. reticulata (Blanchard), E. nitida (Philippi & Philippi) stat. rev., E. cristallisata (Lacordaire) stat. rev., E. ebenina (Lacordaire) and E. senex (Lacordaire) stat. rev. New synonymies are: Epipedonota erythropus Lacordaire under E. ebenina (Lacordaire), E. monilis (Lacordaire) under E. ebenina (Lacordaire), E. bonariensis Waterhouse under E. cristallisata (Lacordaire), E. margineplicata Curtis under E. cristallisata (Lacordaire), E. affinis Waterhouse under E. senex (Lacordaire), E. biramosa Berg under E. nitida (Philippi & Philippi), E. angusta Burmeister under E. microdera Burmeister, and Psectrascelis nycteloides Peña under E. sublineata Berg. Lectotypes are designated for Callyntra nitida Philippi & Philippi, Epipedonota biramosa Berg, E. intercostata Berg, E. sublineata Berg, E. lata Waterhouse, E. affinis Waterhouse, E. bonariensis Waterhouse, E. margineplicata Curtis, E. subplana Fairmaire, E. laevisulcata Fairmaire, E. tricostata Burmeister, E. microdera Burmeister, and E. angusta Burmeister.
Genetic divergence among populations of two closely related species of Cicada Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Portugal
Authors: Simões P.C. , Coelho M.M. , Quartau J.A. , Ribeiro M.
Published: July 2010

Portuguese populations from localities of sympatry and allopatry of Cicada orni Linnaeus and C. barbara (StÅl), a pair of closely related cicada species, were screened electrophoretically to clarify their genetic relationships. Thirteen enzyme systems coded by 19 presumptive loci were analysed. Seven loci were polymorphic on the 0.95 criterion. Data on within- and between-species variation, based on several genetic estimates (number of alleles per locus, amount of polymorphism, heterozygosity and genetic divergence) are presented. A dendrogram was constructed based on the Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards chord distance, using the UPGMA clustering method. Two groups were produced, one clustering the populations of C. orni and a second one clustering C. barbara. The former cicada species was much more variable genetically than C. barbara, this latter being a very homogeneous species. The high level of genetic similarity might suggest that C. barbara is a relatively recent immigrant to the Iberian Peninsula from its origin in North Africa. Alternatively, the present populations of C. barbara in Portugal might originate from small relict populations having survived the climatic cooling during the ice ages in a few warm refugia. Moreover, the present results suggest that reproductive isolation and therefore speciation in these cicadas may have occurred at a smaller genetic divergence level than in some other insects.
Phylogenetic and biogeographical analysis of the New Zealand Helicopsyche von Siebold (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae)
Authors: Johanson Kjell Arne
Published: July 2010

The phylogenetic relationship between the seven known New Zealand Helicopsyche von Siebold, 1856 species is outlined. The New Zealand Helicopsyche comprises Helicopsyche albescens Tillyard, 1924, Helicopsyche poutini McFarlane, 1964, Helicopsyche howesi Tillyard, 1924, Helicopsyche zealandica Hudson, 1904, Helicopsyche haurapango Johanson, 1999, Helicopsyche torinoJohanson, 1999, and Helicopsyche cuvieri Johanson, 1999 and the cladistic analysis revealed a single most parsimonious tree, ((albescens, (poutini, howesi)), (zealandica, (haurapango, (torino, cuvieri)))). The basal species in the two species groups formed, H. zeczlandica and H. albescens, are widely distributed in both North Island and South Island, while the derived species have more restricted distribution ranges and sister clades form non-overlapping distributions. New Zealand was divided into four and five separate geographical entities based on a) distribution patterns from the Helicopsyche and primitive Lepidoptera and b) distribution patterns from the Helicopsyche alone, respectively. To map the history of Helicopsyche in New Zealand reconciliation using COMPONENT 2.0 and Dispersal-Vicariance analysis by DIVA 1.1 was applied in the search for a reduced area cladogram and ancestral areas, respectively. The results indicate that the southernmost part was part of the ancestral area, and that the division of the earliest ancestor has a minimum age of 10 million years.
Phylogenetic relationships of the intertidal genus Halorhadinus Sawada and key to the genera of the Liparocephalini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: Ahn Kee-Jeong
Published: July 2010

Halorhadinus Sawada is redescribed and illustrations of diagnostic features are presented. Median lobes and parameres of H. aequalis Sawada and H. inaequalis Sawada are described for the first time. A key is provided for separation of the known species of Halorhadinus. Based on contiguous mesocoxal cavities, galea with several setae only on mesal surface and apex with setae, Halorhadinus is hypothesized to be a member of the tribe Liparocephalini. A revised cladistic analysis of the Liparocephalini based on 50 adult characters suggests that Halorhadinus belong to the Liparocephalini with the following patterns of generic relationships (outgroup (Salinamexus Moore & Legner (Halorhadinus Sawada (Amblopusa Casey (Paramblopusa Ahn &Ashe (Diaulota Casey + Liparocephalus Mäklin)))))). Monophyly of the genus Halorhadinus is supported by three synapomorphies (mentum with anterior margin deeply sinuate and antero-lateral parts triangular; ligula round and very long, almost reaching to half of palpi; spatulate setae mostly located on basal part of palpi). A key to the genera of the Liparocephalini is given.
First record of a female stylopid (Strepsiptera: ?Myrmecolacidae) parasite of a prionomyrmecine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Baltic amber
Authors: Pohl Hans , Kinzelbach Ragnar
Published: July 2010

A female stylopid parasitising an ant of the genus Prionomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is described and illustrated from Baltic amber (Eocene, 39-50 million years old). This new fossil is tentatively considered as a plesiomorphic member of the Myrmecolacidae. Recent Myrmecolacidae parasitise dual hosts: males parasitise Formicidae, while females parasitise either Mantodea or Ensifera. This is the first record of a female stylopid parasitising Formicidae. The phylogenetic relationships of the Myrmecolacidae and the origin of their unique dual host relationship are discussed.
Araragi panda sp. n., an intermediate taxon in the phylogeny of Theclini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)
Authors: Hsu Yu-Feng , Chou Wen-I
Published: July 2010

The current placement of the genus Araragi in the Chaetoprocta lineage has been problematic because Araragi does not possess a bilobed uncus, a synapomorphy shared by all the other genera of the lineage. The discovery of Araragi panda, a new species with features of Araragi and a bilobed uncus, justifies this systematic treatment. Phylogenetic analysis identifies Chaetoprocta as the sister of Araragi, and demonstrates that colonization of walnuts as larval hosts occurred only once in Theclini evolution, contradicting previously proposed hypotheses.
Agathiphaga wing vestiture revisited: evidence for complex early evolution of lepidopteran scales (Lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae)
Authors: Kristensen Niels P. , Simonsen Thomas J.
Published: July 2010

Agathiphaga moths lack microtrichiation on most of the fore-wing upperside (apart from a basal anterior area), while it well developed on the hind-wing upperside and on the underside of both wing pairs. Scales on the fore-wing upperside largely occur in clusters, which then often comprise one larger, notched/truncate and pigmented 'cover' scale, and one or more smaller, weakly pigmented/unpigmented, smoothly rounded 'ground' scale. The former scale type proved to be hollow and have trabeculae in the inner lumen. However, it has no perforations in the abwing lamella; hence the absence of such perforations (ore even vestiges thereof, in the form of small depressions) from a scale is not necessarily indicative that it is of the solid type. The ground scales, like all hind-wing and underside scales, are of the commonplace solid type which is of general occurrence in non-glossatan moths. Evolutionary aspects of scale morphology in basal moths are discussed. The origin of hollow wing-surface scales cannot have been a single, unreversed event, but independent evolution of this scale types in the Agathiphagidae and the Coelolepida (= Acanthopteroctetidae + Lophocoronidae + Myoglossata) remains the most parsimonious assumption.
A new fossil species of the Australian endemic genus Peradenia Naumann & Masner (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Peradeniidae) from Baltic Amber
Authors: Janzen Jens-Wilhelm , Johnson Norman F. , Musetti Luciana
Published: July 2010

The family Peradeniidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) is represented by two rare extant species from southeastern Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania). A new species, Peradenia galerita sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The fossil species is very similar to the living Perndenia, but has the short metasomatic petiole typical of most Proctotrupoidea. The subfamily classification of Heloridae proposed by Rasnitsyn and the status of Peradeniidae are briefly reviewed. The subfamily Mesohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1990 is a junior synonym of Protohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1980 (syn. n.).
A review of the tribe Thophini Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) with the description of a new species of Thopha Amyot & Serville
Authors: Moulds M.S.
Published: July 2010

The tribe Thophini is redefined. It includes only the genera Thopha Amyot & Serville and Arunta Distant, both of which are endemic to Australia. The Caribbean genus Uhleroides Distant is excluded from the Thophini and is transferred to the Zammarini Distant. A new species, Thopha emmotti, is described from western Queensland and a key to the species of Thopha Amyot & Serville is provided.
A revision of the ant-like salticid genera Enoplomischus Giltay, 1931, Kima Peckham & Peckham, 1902 and Leptorchestes Thorell, 1870 (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Wesolowska Wanda , Szeremeta Małgorzata
Published: July 2010

Three ant-like salticid genera, Enoplomischus Giltay, Kima Peckham & Peckham and Leptorchestes Thorell are revised. Kima is removed from the synonymy of Leptorchestes and revalidated. Three new species are described: Kima montana, Leptorchestes algerinus and L. separatus. Two specific names are synonymised: Enoplomischus chattoni Berland & Millot = E. ghesquieri Giltay and Leptorchestes halogena Metzner = L. mutilloides (Lucas). One new combination is proposed (K. reimoseri ex L. reimoseri). A lectotype for L. peresi is designated. L. semirufus Simon is regarded as nomen dubium. Identification keys are provided. A comparison of morphological features of the three genera indicates that Kima and Leptorchestes are more closely related to each other than either of them is to Enoplomischus. However, it seems still justified to place all three genera in the subfamily Leptorchestinae (sensu Simon 1901).
Morphometric and genetic analysis shows that Haliplus wehnckei is a junior synonym of H. sibiricus (Coleoptera: Haliplidae)
Authors: Nilsson Anders N. , Lundmark Magnus , Drotz Marcus K.
Published: July 2010

Specimens of the two nominal species Haliplus sibiricus Motschulsky, and H. wehnckei Gerhardt, were examined by enzyme electrophoresis and morphometrical methods. Beetles collected from five different localities along the north Swedish coast were screened at ten different loci, and paramere shape variation was studied using Elliptic Fourier description. Wright's F-statistics were computed to assess population structure, and PLS-analysis (Projections to Latent Structures modelling) to estimate shape differences. We revise the distribution of the two species in Sweden. The results show a gross overlap and sympatry. Paramere shape analyses indicate the existence of two different forms, which change in frequency with latitude. There are morphologically intermediate specimens that would be difficult to place into either species. Genetic data do not support the nominal species status, and FST-values indicate moderate genetical differences between the populations. We propose that H. sibiricus and H. wehnckei are conspecific. They are either subspecies, or represents two different morphotypes of a clinally varying character. Our data support the latter. Accordingly, H. wehnckei Gerhardt, 1877, is a junior synonym of H. sibiricus Motschulsky, 1860, syn. n.
Revision and phylogenetic affinities of the Jurassic Steleopteridae Handlirsch, 1906 (Odonata: Zygoptera)
Authors: Fleck Günther , Bechly Günter , Nel André , Martínez-Delclòs Xavier
Published: July 2010

The Jurassic odonate family Steleopteridae is revised. Two new genera and species Parasteleopteron guischardi and Euparasteleopteron viohli are described. The phylogenetic affinities of this group are discussed. The Steleopteridae are excluded from the Epiproctophora and transferred into the Zygoptera (stemgroup). Euphaeopsis multinervis is redescribed and transferred to Epiproctophora: Isophlebioidea, and the genus Pseudoeuphaea with its four species is considered as a nomen dubium in Odonata incertae sedis.
Dwarf hunting spiders or Oonopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Seychelles
Authors: Saaristo Michael I.
Published: July 2010

The main part of the material treated in this paper comes from the Granitic Seychelles but samples from the four following atolls: Aldabra, Assumption Atoll, Poivre Atoll, and Farquar Atoll have also been included. Previously 24 species were reported from Seychelles (Benoit 1979, Saaristo 1999). In this paper 9 species are recorded as new to Seychelles and all of them are also new to science: Cousinea keelei gen. n., sp. n., Silhouettella assumptia sp. n., Farqua quadrimaculata gen. n., sp. n., Lionneta gerlachi sp. n., Opopaea probosciella sp. n., Ischnothyreus serpentinum sp. n., Matyotia tetraspinosus gen. n., sp. n., 'Orchestina' maureen sp. n., and 'Orchestina' justini sp. n.. In addition 7 new genera are created: Cousinea gen. n. (type species: Cousinea keeleyi sp. n.), Farqua gen. n. (type species: Farqua quadrimaculata sp. n.), Prida gen. n. (type species: Gamasomorpha sechellensis Benoit, 1979), Patri gen. n. (type species: Gamasomorpha david Benoit, 1979), Lisna gen. n. (type species: Gamasomorpha trichinalis Benoit, 1979), Ischnothyrella gen. n. (type species: Ischnothyreus jivani Benoit, 1979), and Matyotia gen. n. (type species: Matyotia tetraspinosus sp. n.). Also the following synonyms have been established: Opopaea lena Suman, 1965 = Gamasomorpha ladiguei Benoit, 1979 syn. n. = Opopaea mortenseni Brignoli, 1980 syn. n.; Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon 1891) = Ischnothyreus omosus Suman, 1965 syn. n. = Ischnothyreus formusus Brignoli, 1974 syn. n. Further four new combinations have been presented: Gamasomorpha loricatula (Roewer, 1942) = Silhouettella loricatula (Roewer, 1942) comb. n., Silhouettella mahei (Benoit, 19479 = Pelicinus mahei (Benoit, 1979) comb. n., Ischnothyreus orophilus Benoit, 1979 = Lionneta orophila (Benoit, 1979) comb. n., and Oonops savyi Benoit, 1979 = Lionneta savyi (Benoit, 1979) comb. n. Three of the new species for Seychelles have been found only on the atolls. The total number of the Oonopidae of the Granitic Seychelles is now 30 species. The importance of this family on the Granitic Seychelles is reflected by the fact that some 16% of all known spiders living there are oonopids.
A fossil water measurer from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Hydrometridae)
Authors: Møller Andersen Nils , Grimaldi David
Published: July 2010

Semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha) comprise about 1,800 extant species classified in eight families. So far, 38 fossil species belonging to six families have been described or recorded, most of Cenozoic age. Knowledge about the evolutionary history of the major groups of Gerromorpha is seriously hampered by the scarcity of well-preserved Mesozoic fossils, especially from the Cretaceous. The present paper reports on a well-preserved semiaquatic bug from amber collected in the northern part of Myanmar (Burma). The source of this fossiliferous amber was previously considered to be Eocene in age, but recent evidence indicates that it originated in the Middle Cretaceous (Turonian-Cenomanian), or 100-90 Ma. The fossil species is described as Carinametra burmensis gen. et sp. n. The presence of three pairs of cephalic trichobothria, a prolonged head, long slender antennae and legs, reduced wing venation, etc., places the fossil in the gerromorphan family Hydrometridae or water measurers. Other characters suggest a close relationship with the two extant genera of the most basal of the hydrometrid subfamilies, Heterocleptinae. We present and discuss the available evidence used in the dating of Burmese amber. Finally, we discuss the phylogenetic, paleobiological, and biogeographic significance of the new fossil.
Taxonomic revision of Neodohrniphora, subgenus Eibesfeldtphora (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian V.
Published: July 2010

The genus Neodohrniphora, subgenus Eibesfeldtphora, is revised and found to include 15 species, 11 of which are new to science, as follows: N. arcuata, bragancai, dissita, elongata, erthali, inferna, isomorpha, leei, pala, prolixa and tonhascai. Subgenus Wallerphora and its single included species, N. mexicanae Disney, is considered part of subgenus Eibesfeldtphora (new synonymy). The taxonomy of N. declinata Borgmeier and a species with which it has frequently been confused is clarified.
Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco
Authors: Belqat Boutaïna , Adler Peter H.
Published: July 2010

The cytotaxonomy of three species in the Prosimulium hirtipes group in Morocco is presented. Each species - tentatively referred to as P. latimucro, P. rufipes, and P. tomosvaryi - is chromosomally unique and characterized by a low level of polymorphism. Chromosomal data indicate that one or more of the Moroccan species are distinct from the European species of the same names.
Review of the genus Hymenaphorura Bagnall, 1948 with description of eleven new species from North America and Siberia (Collembola: Onychiuridae)
Authors: Pomorski Romuald J.
Published: July 2010

An emended diagnosis of Hymenaphorura (Bagnall, 1948) is provided. Eleven new species are described: H. reducta sp. n., H. ridibunda sp. n., H. alaskana sp. n., H. granulata sp. n., H. sensitiva sp. n., H. superba sp. n., H. nearctica sp. n., H. mystica sp. n., H. teretis sp. n., H. anatolii sp. n., H. palaearctica sp. n. H. similis (Folsom, 1917) is redescribed on the basis of type material. Descriptions of H. sibirica (Tullberg, 1876), H. cocklei (Folsom, 1908) and H. decus (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) are supplemented. An identification key for all the known species of the genus is given.
Revision of the subfamily Hydrodytinae Miller (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with description of a new genus
Authors: Miller Kelly B.
Published: July 2010

The New World subfamily Hydrodytinae Miller is revised. Two genera are recognized, Hydrodytes Miller and Microhydrodytes gen. n. Hydrodytes contains three known species, H. opalinus (Zimmermann), H. dodgei (Young) and H. inaciculatus (Guignot). Microhydrodytes contains a single known species, M. elachistus sp. n. Keys are provided to the genera and species in the subfamily. Important morphological features are illustrated for diagnosing the species and a phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for all species.
Cytotaxonomy of Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes De Mello and Simulium ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: RÍOS- VELÁSQUEZ Claudia , Hamada Neusa , Adler Peter H.
Published: July 2010

Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello, 1967 and Simulium ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón, 2001) share larval and pupal microhabitats in Central Amazonia and are morphologically similar, differing only in the number of gill filaments - six in S. ulyssesi and eight in S. goeldii. To test the hypothesis that S. ulyssesi is a valid species, rather than an intraspecific variant of S. goeldii, we compared the polytene chromosomes of the two morphotypes from Presidente Figueiredo, Manaus, and Careiro da Várzea (Amazonas) Counties. Our analyses indicated that the two morphotypes are distinct species, differing by four fixed inversions. Because the number of gill filaments is correlated absolutely with chromosomal banding patterns, it is a useful structural character for differentiating the two species.
Phylogenetic revision of Australian members of the Allomethus genus group (Diptera: Pipunculidae)
Authors: Skevington Jeffrey H.
Published: July 2010

The Australian species of Allomethus and Claraeola are revised and include one described species, Claraeola erinys (Perkins), and five new species: Allomethus unicicolis sp. n., Claraeola cyclohirta sp. n., C. sicilis sp. n., C. spargosis sp. n., and C. yingka sp. n.. Claraeola hylaea (Perkins) is proposed to be a synonym of C. erinys (Perkins). A key to species is provided and male and female genitalia are illustrated. The Australian species are placed phylogenetically into a world context using available taxa within the Allomethus genus group. The phylogenetic relationships are discussed in light of a cladistic analysis involving 22 taxa and 60 characters.
Higher-level phylogeny of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): mtDNA data support a derived placement for Toxorhynchites
Authors: Hickey Donal A. , Mitchell Andrew , Sperling Felix A.H.
Published: July 2010

We assess the potential of complete coding sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase genes (COI and COII) and the intervening tRNA-Leucine gene for use in mosquito higher-level systematics, and apply this data to an outstanding question: the phylogenetic affinities of Toxorhynchites. Traditionally placed in its own subfamily and regarded as sister group to Culicinae, recent morphological data instead have suggested that this distinctive genus belongs well within the Culicinae. Published molecular systematic studies seemingly conflict with this new morphological data or are ambiguous. The mitochondrial gene data that we present show good potential for elucidating suprageneric relationships in Culicidae, and strongly support the placement of Toxorhynchites well within the Culicinae. Reexamination of published data sets suggests that there is no substantive conflict among data sets on this issue.
European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini)- phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences
Authors: Pedersen Vest
Published: July 2010

The phylogenetics of 40 taxa of European bumblebees were analysed based on PCR amplified and direct sequenced DNA from one region of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (1046 bp) and for 26 taxa from two regions in the nuclear gene Elongation Factor 1α (1056 bp). The sequences were aligned to the corresponding sequences in the honey bee. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony, as well as maximum likelihood, indicate that the bumblebees can be separated into several well-supported clades. Most of the terminal clades correspond very well with the clades known from former phylogenetic analyses based on morphology and recognized as the subgenera: Mendacibombus, Confusibombus, Psithyrus, Thoracobombus, Megabombus, Rhodobombus, Kallobombus, Alpinobombus, Subterraneobombus, Alpigenobombus, Pyrobombus, Bombus and Melanobombus. All the cuckoo bumblebees form a well-supported clade, the subgenus Psithyrus, within the true bumblebees. All the analyses place Kallobombus as the most basal taxon in contradiction to former analyses. The other deeper nodes of the phylogenetic trees, which are weakly supported, deviate significantly from former published trees - especially the trees based on mtCO-I. Presumably, the reasons are that multiple hits and the strong bias of the bases A and T blur the relationships in the deepest part of the trees. Analyses of the region in mtCO-I show a very strong A+T bias (A+T= 75%), which also indicate preferences in the use of codons with A or T in third positions. In closely related entities, there is only a weak transversion bias (A+T). In the studied regions in EF 1-α, no nucleotide bias is observed. The observed differences in bases between the investigated taxa are relatively small and the gene is too conserved to solve all the questions that the analyses of the deeper nodes using mtCO-I raise.
Revision of the 'ophrynopine' genera Argentophrynopus gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae)
Authors: Smith David R. , Vilhelmsen Lars
Published: July 2010

The genera Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & Smith, gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow of the wasp family Orussidae are revised. This group of genera of Orussidae occurs from southern United States to Chile and in Japan, southeastern Asia, and Australia. In total, 27 species are recognized, including Argentophrynopus enigmus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., A. gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., Guiglia rubicunda Schmidt, sp. n., Ophrynopus carinatus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., and Ophrynopus hansoni Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n. Guiglia queenslandensis coronata Rayment is considered a new junior synonym of G. sericatus (Mocsáry); G. aureola Benson is considered a species inquirenda. Kulcania tomentosa (Middlekauff), comb. n., is transferred from Ophrynopus. Ophrynopus philippinensis Guiglia is considered a new junior synonym of Stirocorsia kohli Konow; Ophrynella rossi Yasumatsu, syn. n., and Oryssus trifasciatus Cameron, rev. stat., are both considered junior synonyms of Stirocorsia maculipennis (Smith). Keys and distribution maps of all recognized species are provided, as well as descriptions of all genera.
Phylogenetic relationships and placement of the Empidoidea (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA and EF-1α sequences
Authors: Collins Kenneth P. , Wiegmann Brian M.
Published: July 2010

The phylogenetic relationships within the Eremoneura (Empidoidea + Cyclorrhapha) have been controversial. The monophyly of the Empidoidea, as well as the position and rank of higher-level empidoid clades remains unresolved despite numerous analyses using morphological data. In addition, the origin of the Cyclorrhapha and their relationship to the Empidoidea continues to be debated. We present the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis using nucleotide sequences collected from 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) genes. All currently recognized empidoid families and subfamilies, many lower cyclorrhaphan families (including Opetiidae), and several asiloid outgroups are represented in this study. Unweighted and weighted parsimony, as well as maximum likelihood analyses were applied to individual data partitions and a combined data set. Our results support the monophyly of both Empidoidea and Cyclorrhapha (including Opetia), as well as their sister-group relationship. Within Empidoidea we find support for the following: 1) Chvála's (1983) proposal to divide Empidoidea into five families; 2) Atelestidae as the basal empidoid lineage; and 3) monophyly of Microphoridae + Dolichopodidae.
Description of Omkoiana aculeata gen. n. & sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from northwestern Thailand with notes on its biology
Authors: Helfert Brigitte , Sänger Karl
Published: July 2010

A new hypopterous genus and species, Omkoiana aculeata gen. n. & sp. n., from northwestern Thailand is described and diagnosed. The long median projection on the subgenital plate of the male is so far unique in Asiatic Meconematinae. O. aculeata dwells in the litter and the herbaceous layer of Tropical Mixed Deciduous Forests. It did not occur in other forest types with sparse or grass-dominated undergrowth vegetation. A rich understorey vegetation is considered important for the life habits of the new species.
A revision of the Patagonian predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Ronderos María , Spinelli Gustavo , Grogan, Jr. William
Published: July 2010

This revision of the predaceous midges in the genus Palpomyia Meigen inhabiting the Patagonian region of Argentina and Chile recognizes eight species, provides diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations and a key to all species, as well as new distributional records of previously described species. Four new species are described and illustrated: P. mapuche, P. marinoi, P. septentrionalis and P. yamana (spp. n.). Palpomyia patagonica Ingram and Macfie and P. subfuscula I. and M. are redescribed and illustrated, the previously unknown male of P. patagonica is described and illustrated, and P. subaspera (Coquillett) is recorded for the first time from Patagonia. Palpomyia chilensis Ingram & Macfie is transferred to Austrosphaeromias Spinelli (n. comb.).
A new species of Pristaulacus Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) from Baltic amber
Authors: Krogmann Lars , Jennings John
Published: July 2010

Fossil species of Pristaulacus are uncommon, with just two known species, P. mandibularis Brues and P. praevolans Brues from Baltic amber, and three species, P. bradleyi (Brues), P. rohweri Brues and P. secundus (Cockerell), from the Florissant fossil beds, Colorado, USA. Here we provide a detailed description of Pristaulacus velteni sp.n., the third fossil species known from Baltic amber.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Authors: Bayless Keith , Dikow Torsten
Published: July 2010

Schildia Aldrich, 1923, a distinctive and rarely collected genus of Leptogastrinae (Diptera: Asilidae), is revised. Ten species are recognized, of which four are new to science. The nine extant species are Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental in distribution. The extant Neotropical species are Schildia alphus Martin, 1975, Schildia caliginosa sp.n. (Ecuador and Venezuela), Schildia fragilis (Carrera, 1944), Schildia guatemalae Martin, 1975, Schildia gracillima (Walker, 1855), Schildia jamaicensis Farr, 1963, and Schildia microthorax Aldrich, 1923. The only extant Afrotropical species, Schildia adina sp.n., is described from extant and subfossilized specimens (Malagasy copal) from south-western Madagascar. The extant Oriental species, Schildia malaya sp.n., is described from northern Malaysia. One extinct species, Schildia martini sp.n., is newly described from Dominican amber. Two new synonyms are proposed: Schildia ocellata Martin, 1975 is a junior synonym of Schildia gracillima and Schildia zonae Martin, 1975 is synonymized with Schildia fragilis. Redescriptions and descriptions of the genus and all extant and extinct species are provided. An identification key to the extant and extinct species is presented. Illustrations, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs are provided to support the descriptions and key. Distribution, biogeography, occurrence in biodiversity hotspots, seasonal incidence and biology are discussed.
Australiscutum, a new genus of Monoscutidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) from eastern Australia, with the first record of asymmetrical chelicerae in Opiliones
Authors: Taylor Christopher
Published: July 2010

A new genus of Monoscutidae (Arachnida: Opiliones), Australiscutum, containing three new species, A. hunti (type species), A. graciliforceps and A. triplodaemon, is described from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Australiscutum triplodaemon differs from all other Opiliones described to date in possessing noticeably asymmetrical chelicerae, with the right chelicera much larger than the left.
Revision of the Malagasy Durevius Villiers with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae)
Authors: Weirauch Christiane , Hwang Wei Song
Published: July 2010

The small genus Durevius Villiers, 1962 (Reduviinae) is redescribed and two species are described as new, thus recognizing five species in the genus. Durevius is endemic to Madagascar with species found in the inland plateau and coastal lowland regions. Diagnoses for the genus and all species are developed and an identification key, habitus images, and a distribution map are provided.
The Nesting Behaviour of the Bee Panurgus banksianus Kirby (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae)
Authors: Münster-Swendsen Mikael
Published: July 2010

Nest construction and behaviour in the nest of the female and the larva of Panurgus banksianus was studied. The nest has an excavation gallery and a special tumulus-free entrance. Several laterals are made from the descending gallery, and ten cells were found in one nest. A nest with one cell is completed in one day and the excavation of a new lateral takes about 2 I/2 hours. A new entrance is often tunneled out when 4 or 5 cells have been made in a nest, and the former entrance is then used as an excavation gallery. The cell has a conic, lined neck. During provisioning the female stores the pollen as a loose heap, and the pollen sphere is not formed until about I hour 45 min. after the last provisioning flight. The curved egg is firmly attached with its posterior end on top of the sphere. During the feeding of the larva it gradually glides down to the floor of the cell, but its venter is maintained apposed to the provisions and the anterior towards the cell-closure. The provisions are consumed in about 2 weeks. When the larva starts defecating, the pellets are attached to the wall of the cell. The pupal stage begins about the Ist of June in northern Denmark, lasts about 3 weeks, and the adults spend 3 days in the cell after hatching. An absolute minimum of 8000 host plants per day was required for the I70 ♀♀ of the colony.
Designation and Description of Lectotypes of the Six Greenland Orthocladiinae (Dipt. Chironomidae) Described by Lundbeck in I8g81
Authors: Oliver D.R.
Published: July 2010

The lectotypes of the following six species described by Lundbeck (I898) are designated and described: Eukiefferiella claripennis n. comb., Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) difficilis, Parametriocnemus graminicola, Paraphaenocladius debilipennis n. comb., Smittia parva and SmittIa velutina.
Trixoscelidae (Diptera) from Southern Spain and Description of a New Trixoscelis Species from Northern Europe
Authors: Hackman Walter
Published: July 2010

Seven species of Trixoscelis are recorded from Southern Spain. Three of them, T. psammophila, T. lyneborgi, and T. mendizabali, are described as new. A fourth new species, T. similis, is described on material from Finland. A key to the Palearctic species of Trixoscelis is given. Some taxonomic problems in connection with the present material are discussed.
Size of, Gain to and Loss from a Population of Adult Heodes virgaureae L. (Lep., Lycaenidae)
Authors: Douwes Per
Published: July 2010

A capture-recapture study was carried out on an obviously isolated population of Heodes virgaureae in southern Sweden during 37 days (=male flying season) in 1964. The two sexes were poorly synchronized in time; the first male was seen 8 days before the first female and the latter reached their maximum numbers when the male numbers were already declining. Gain to and loss from the male population was estimated and it could be demonstrated that most of the gain and loss occurred during periods of warm and sunny weather, i.e. during periods of high activity in the butterflies. Moreover it was shown that the loss rate was higher between morning and afternoon than during the rest of the 24 h period. The mean daily survival rate was estimated at 0.89 in the males. By moving along a route that covered the entire area and counting all observations of the butterfly, area censuses were carried out which were checked against the capture-recapture estimates. The censuses made in the morning during favourable weather conditions, i.e. more or less sunny and not too hot or too cold, yielded good estimates of the population.
On the Feeding Habits of Two Baltic Species of Caddis Larvae (Trichoptera)
Authors: Haage Per
Published: July 2010

The feeding habits of Agrypnia pagetana Curtis and Phryganea grandis L. in the rockweed-belt in the northern part of the Baltic have been investigated. The fore-guts of larvae, collected every month, except during the flight period have been analysed. The main part of the food of Agrypnia pagetana consisted of filamentous algae and fragments of Fucus vesiculosus. Phryganea grandis consumes mainly Arthropods e.g. Idotea spp. and Chironomus spp. No special difference in food choice between different seasons has been stated. The larvae consume the most accessible food. Different larval instars consume the same sort of food, but of different size. The larvae feed most actively during the autumn and in this period they also grow most and in the spring before the pupation. During the winter the fore-guts contain much less food than in the autumn.
Studies on a Method of Radioactive Tagging of a Gall Midge, Dasyneura brassicae Winn. (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Sylven Edvard , Lönsjö Hans
Published: July 2010

As mentioned in an earlier paper (Sylvén, I970) specimens of the Brassica Pod Midge, Dasyneura brassicae Winn., can be efficiently tagged by treating midge-infested pods with 32P. The results of the experiment dealt with in the present article indicate that about I-I I/2 μCi of 32P per g fresh weight of the pods is for this purpose an appropriate contamination level. This amount gives a high labelling effect, and seems to have no drastic influence upon the body size or the egg production of the female midges developed from larvae in the pods treated.
The Cytochemistry of an Unusual Type of Proteinaceous Globule in Reserve Tissues of Aphodius constans Duft. (Col., Scarabaeidae)1
Authors: Charpentier Reinhold
Published: July 2010

Morphological, cytochemical and developmental studies were undertaken of a new "double" type of proteinaceous globules in fat body and haemolymph of Aphodius constans Duft. The homogeneous globules first appear in the late first instar or the early second instar larva—i.e. earlier than in other insects. In the middle of the third instar the central region of the globules begins to differentiate into a core, much resembling the polyhedron of a nuclear insect virus. The cores are, however, not a pathological phenomenon, but constitute normal reserve substances, present in all individuals, especially in the prepupa, the pupa and the early adult. Both the core and the periphery of the "double" globules, as well as "empty" globules from second and third instar larvae, contain proteins and ribonucleic acid, although the cytochemical reactions of the core was always the most intense. Neither lipids, carbohydrates, desoxyribonucleic acids nor uric acid are deposited inside the globules. There is no membrane around the globules.
Brain and Eyes of Zygentoma (Thysanura)
Authors: Elofsson Rolf
Published: July 2010

The brain, the compound eyes and the ocelli are described for some zygentomid species. Special interest has been focused on Tricholepidion gertschii, a newly discovered, primitive species. The brain morphology shows great similarities in the general shape and in details within the whole suborder. The compound eyes of Tricholepidion gertschii and Lepisma saccharina resemble each other closely. The present investigation has shown that the zygentomid and pterygote compound eyes are similar in that there are no corneagen cells. The view that the compound eyes of the Zygentoma should constitute a connecting link between crustacean and insect compound eyes can no longer be maintained. Tricholepidion gertschii possesses three ocelli. Their structure stresses the connection between thysanurans and pterygote insects. In this connexion the homology of reduced ocelli is discussed and their nerve contacts reinvestigated.
Alimentary Studies of Seven Common Soil-inhabiting Collembola of Southern Sweden
Authors: Bodvarsson Högni
Published: July 2010

The gut contents, amount and several ingredients, have been studied in seven of the commonest soil-living collembola in Southern Sweden. Between 20.6 and 5I.5 per cent of all observed specimens of the different species have no gut contents at all. The possibility that the gut contents are not visible in the lactic acid mounts is discussed. Another possibility is that the gut was emptied in connection with moults. The distribution of the gut contents among the different body segments was studied. With the help of these studies it was possible to obtain an approximate expression for how great a part of all the guts of the population is filled. The percentage of individuals with filled guts varies between 3I.3 and 52.5. It may be concluded from these studies that some species (e.g. Folsomia quadrioculata) eat more sporadically than others (e.g. Isotoma notabilis). It was also concluded that deep-living species more often have filled guts than those that live nearer the surface. This is very probably due to their food being qualitatively inferior to the food of the others. Greater quantities must therefore be treated in the guts of the deeper-living species. This must be of certain significance to the soilbiological importance of the different species. The following ingredients of the gut contents were studied in some detail: (I) Occurrence and quantity of fungal hyphae. (2) Spores. (3) Pollen grains. (4) Exuvia of collembola. (5) Mineral particles. (6) Amorphous mass. Fungal hyphae do not seem to be so common an ingredient of the food of the collembola species which have been examined as the statements of the literature seem to indicate. A considerable proportion of the animals with gut contents, between I2.6 and 7I.I per cent, have no fungal hyphae at all in their guts. It appears as if the amount of fungal hyphae eaten varies with the depth at which the diffefent species tend to live, and inversely with the amount of ingested food. The more superficially the species lives, the less food the individuals eat and the greater the fungal part of the eaten food is. This indicates, in my opinion, that fungal hyphae are the most valuable ingredient of the food of these species. Spores, pollen grains and exuvia are of minor importance. Mineral particles are common ingredients in the gut and this indicates that these species contribute in considerable degree to the transport of minerals in the soil. Amorphous mass, consisting for the most part of unidentifiable material, is almost always a conspicuous ingredient of the gut contents.
Trichoceridae (Dipt.) from the Baltic Amber
Authors: Dahl Christine
Published: July 2010

Several amber collections have been surveyed for Trichoceridae and the two specimens, one male and one female, mentioned by Loew (I850:37) are here described under separate species in a new genus, Oligotrichocera. The systematic position of the family within the Tipuloidea is stressed. The characters for generic assignment in the subfamily Trichocerinae are tabulated. Some wing vein characters, such as the shape of the discal cell (IstM2), the position of sc1 and sc2, and the variation in the medial field are discussed in relation to fossils of tipulid stock and the wing venation of Kawasemyia. The rarity of trichocerids in Baltic amber may not merely be accidental, since the occurrence of adults may not have coincided with the highest amber production during the annual temperature cycle.
An Aphid Sex Attractant1
Authors: Pettersson Jan
Published: July 2010

The perceiving and emitting organs of the sex attractant are briefly described. The copulation act may be divided into basicly three parts viz. male searching for female, copulation and cessation of copulation. The importance of the attractant for initiation of each of these parts was investigated. Studies with dummies of beeswax were also performed, as visual attraction apparently is of importance. Laboratory studies of species specificity and active range of the sex attractant were carried out.