bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardness Prediction of Tailor Rolled Blank in Hot Press Forming Using Quench Factor Analysis
Authors: Kim Jae Hong , Ko Dae Cheol , Kim Byung Min
Published: February 2017

This paper aims to predict the hardness of hot formed part for tailor rolled blank (TRB) by the FE-simulation coupled with quenching factor analysis (QFA). Dilatometry test of boron steel is performed at various range of cooling rates from 0.2 to 100°C/s using the dilatometer with forced air cooling system. The dilatometry test provides a hardness data according to cooling curves which are used to determine the material constants (K1~K5) of QFA and the time‒temperature‒property (TTP) diagram of boron steel. Then, FE‒simulation of hot press forming is conducted to predict the cooling curves of hot formed TRB part with a thickness combination of thicker 1.6mm and thinner 1.2mm which is called as rear side member of automotive component. The cooling curves of FE-simulation are applied to predict the hardness of hot formed rear side member using the QFA. Also, experiment of hot press forming is performed to verify the predicted results and to examine the effect of cooling curves on the hardness.
Effects of Cold Rolling on Microstructure and Anomalous Thermal Expansion Behaviors of Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O Alloy
Authors: Lan Chun Bo , Wu Yu , Chen Feng
Published: February 2017

Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O (wt.%) alloy was melted under high-purity argon atmosphere in an electric arc furnace, followed by cold rolling. The effects of deformation process on microstructures and thermal expansion behaviors were investigated by OM, XRD and TMA. Results showed that the stress-induced α" martensitic transformation occurs after cold rolling. The solution treated sample exhibits normal thermal expansion along the rolling direction, and the thermal expansion rate increases with the increase of temperature. After cold rolling, thermal expansion behavior is polarized (negative thermal expansion occurs along rolling direction and normal thermal expansion higher than solution treated sample occurs along transverse direction). The thermal expansion rate along rolling direction decreases with the increase of reduction. The 40% cold deformed sample along rolling direction possesses Invar effect in a temperature range from 25°C to 350°C. The anomalous thermal expansion behaviors of cold rolled samples possibly relate to stress-induced α" martensitic transformation and β <110> texture evolution.
The Activating Human NK Cell Receptor KIR2DS2 Recognizes a β2-Microglobulin–Independent Ligand on Cancer Cells
Authors: Thiruchelvam-Kyle Lavanya , Hoelsbrekken Sigurd E. , Saether Per C. , Bjørnsen Elisabeth Gyllensten , Pende Daniela , Fossum Sigbjørn , Daws Michael R. , Dissen Erik
Published: February 2017

The functions of activating members of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family are not fully understood, as the ligands for these receptors are largely unidentified. In this study, we report that KIR2DS2 reporter cells recognize a ligand expressed by cancer cell lines. All cancer targets recognized by KIR2DS2 were also recognized by KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 reporters. Trogocytosis of membrane proteins from the cancer targets was observed with responding reporter cells, indicating the formation of KIR2DS2 ligand–specific immunological synapses. HLA-C typing of target cells showed that KIR2DS2 recognition was independent of the HLA C1 or C2 group, whereas targets cells that were only recognized by KIR2DL3 expressed C1 group alleles. Anti–HLA class I Abs blocked KIR2DL3 responses toward C1-expressing targets, but they did not block KIR2DS2 recognition of cancer cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of β2-microglobulin reduced the expression of class I H chain on the cancer targets by >97%, but it did not reduce the KIR2DS2 reporter responses, indicating a β2-microglobulin–independent ligand for KIR2DS2. Importantly, KIR2DL3 responses toward some KIR2DS2 ligand–expressing cells were also undiminished after β2-microglobulin knockdown, and they were not blocked by anti–HLA class I Abs, suggesting that KIR2DL3, in addition to the traditional HLA-C ligands, can bind to the same β2-microglobulin–independent ligand as KIR2DS2. These observations indicate the existence of a novel, presently uncharacterized ligand for the activating NK cell receptor KIR2DS2. Molecular identification of this ligand may lead to improved KIR-HLA mismatching in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy for leukemia and new, more specific NK cell–based cancer therapies.
Validity of Core Temperature Measurements at 3 Rectal Depths During Rest, Exercise, Cold-Water Immersion, and Recovery
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Hughes Lexie E. , Long Blaine C. , Adams William M. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: February 2017

Context: 

No evidence-based recommendation exists regarding how far clinicians should insert a rectal thermistor to obtain the most valid estimate of core temperature. Knowing the validity of temperatures at different rectal depths has implications for exertional heat-stroke (EHS) management.

Objective: 

To determine whether rectal temperature (Trec) taken at 4 cm, 10 cm, or 15 cm from the anal sphincter provides the most valid estimate of core temperature (as determined by esophageal temperature [Teso]) during similar stressors an athlete with EHS may experience.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Seventeen individuals (14 men, 3 women: age = 23 ± 2 years, mass = 79.7 ± 12.4 kg, height = 177.8 ± 9.8 cm, body fat = 9.4% ± 4.1%, body surface area = 1.97 ± 0.19 m2).

Intervention(s): 

Rectal temperatures taken at 4 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm from the anal sphincter were compared with Teso during a 10-minute rest period; exercise until the participant's Teso reached 39.5°C; cold-water immersion (∼10°C) until all temperatures were ≤38°C; and a 30-minute postimmersion recovery period. The Teso and Trec were compared every minute during rest and recovery. Because exercise and cooling times varied, we compared temperatures at 10% intervals of total exercise and cooling durations for these periods.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

The Teso and Trec were used to calculate bias (ie, the difference in temperatures between sites).

Results: 

Rectal depth affected bias (F2,24 = 6.8, P = .008). Bias at 4 cm (0.85°C ± 0.78°C) was higher than at 15 cm (0.65°C ± 0.68°C, P < .05) but not higher than at 10 cm (0.75°C ± 0.76°C, P > .05). Bias varied over time (F2,34 = 79.5, P < .001). Bias during rest (0.42°C ± 0.27°C), exercise (0.23°C ± 0.53°C), and recovery (0.65°C ± 0.35°C) was less than during cooling (1.72°C ± 0.65°C, P < .05). Bias during exercise was less than during postimmersion recovery (0.65°C ± 0.35°C, P < .05).

Conclusions: 

When EHS is suspected, clinicians should insert the flexible rectal thermistor to 15 cm (6 in) because it is the most valid depth. The low level of bias during exercise suggests Trec is valid for diagnosing hyperthermia. Rectal temperature is a better indicator of pelvic organ temperature during cold-water immersion than is Teso.
An extended global Earth system data record on daily landscape freeze–thaw status determined from satellite passive microwave remote sensing
Authors: Kim Youngwook , Kimball John S. , Glassy Joseph , Du Jinyang
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The landscape freeze–thaw (FT) signal determined from satellite microwave brightness temperature (Tb) observations has been widely used to define frozen temperature controls on land surface water mobility and ecological processes. Calibrated 37 GHz Tb retrievals from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), and SSM/I Sounder (SSMIS) were used to produce a consistent and continuous global daily data record of landscape FT status at 25 km grid cell resolution. The resulting FT Earth system data record (FT-ESDR) is derived from a refined classification algorithm and extends over a larger domain and longer period (1979–2014) than prior FT-ESDR releases. The global domain encompasses all land areas affected by seasonal frozen temperatures, including urban, snow- and ice-dominant and barren land, which were not represented by prior FT-ESDR versions. The FT retrieval is obtained using a modified seasonal threshold algorithm (MSTA) that classifies daily Tb variations in relation to grid-cell-wise FT thresholds calibrated using surface air temperature data from model reanalysis. The resulting FT record shows respective mean annual spatial classification accuracies of 90.3 and 84.3 % for evening (PM) and morning (AM) overpass retrievals relative to global weather station measurements. Detailed data quality metrics are derived characterizing the effects of sub-grid-scale open water and terrain heterogeneity, as well as algorithm uncertainties on FT classification accuracy. The FT-ESDR results are also verified against other independent cryospheric data, including in situ lake and river ice phenology, and satellite observations of Greenland surface melt. The expanded FT-ESDR enables new investigations encompassing snow- and ice-dominant land areas, while the longer record and favorable accuracy allow for refined global change assessments that can better distinguish transient weather extremes, landscape phenological shifts, and climate anomalies from longer-term trends extending over multiple decades. The dataset is freely available online (doi:10.5067/MEASURES/CRYOSPHERE/nsidc-0477.003).
MATRIX-VBS (v1.0): implementing an evolving organic aerosol volatility in an aerosol microphysics model
Authors: Gao Chloe Y. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The gas-particle partitioning and chemical aging of semi-volatile organic aerosol are presented in a newly developed box model scheme, where its effect on the growth, composition, and mixing state of particles is examined. The volatility-basis set (VBS) framework is implemented into the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state), which resolves mass and number aerosol concentrations and in multiple mixing-state classes. The new scheme, MATRIX-VBS, has the potential to significantly advance the representation of organic aerosols in Earth system models by improving upon the conventional representation as non-volatile particulate organic matter, often also with an assumed fixed size distribution. We present results from idealized cases representing Beijing, Mexico City, a Finnish forest, and a southeastern US forest, and investigate the evolution of mass concentrations and volatility distributions for organic species across the gas and particle phases, as well as assessing their mixing state among aerosol populations. Emitted semi-volatile primary organic aerosols evaporate almost completely in the intermediate-volatility range, while they remain in the particle phase in the low-volatility range. Their volatility distribution at any point in time depends on the applied emission factors, oxidation by OH radicals, and temperature. We also compare against parallel simulations with the original scheme, which represented only the particulate and non-volatile component of the organic aerosol, examining how differently the condensed-phase organic matter is distributed across the mixing states in the model. The results demonstrate the importance of representing organic aerosol as a semi-volatile aerosol, and explicitly calculating the partitioning of organic species between the gas and particulate phases.
UAV-enabled reconnaissance and trajectory modeling of a co-seismic rockfall in Lefkada
Authors: Saroglou Charalampos , Asteriou Pavlos , Zekkos Dimitris , Tsiambaos George , Clark Marin , Manousakis John
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The paper presents the field evidence and the kinematical study of the motion of a rock block mobilised by an earthquake-induced rockfall in Ponti area in the island of Lefkada during a Mw 6.5 earthquake on 17th November 2015. A detailed field survey was deployed using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with an ultra-high definition (UHD) camera, which produced a high-resolution orthophoto and a Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the terrain. The sequence of impact marks from the rock trajectory on the ground surface was identified using the orthophoto and verified through a detailed field survey. Additionally, the earthquake characteristics were determined in order to define the acceleration on the rock slope and the initial conditions of the detached block. Using the impact points from the actual rockfall trajectory, an analytical approach to reconstruct the trajectory was implemented, which led to some insights on the coefficients of restitution. In order to match the actual trajectory, 2D and 3D rockfall analyses were performed using the recommended set of parameters. However, the actual trajectory could not be accurately predicted, revealing limitations of existing models.
Combined effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width on geophysical flow mobility: three-dimensional discrete element modeling of dry and dense flows of angular rock fragments
Authors: Cagnoli Bruno , Piersanti Antonio
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We have carried out new three-dimensional numerical simulations by using a discrete element method (DEM) to study the mobility of dry granular flows of angular rock fragments. These simulations are relevant for geophysical flows such as rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows. The model is validated by previous laboratory experiments. We confirm that (1) the finer the grain size, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows; (2) the smaller the flow volume, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows and (3) the wider the channel, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows. The grain size effect is due to the fact that finer grain size flows dissipate intrinsically less energy. This volume effect is the opposite of that experienced by the flow fronts. The original contribution of this paper consists of providing a comparison of the mobility of granular flows in six channels with a different cross section each. This results in a new scaling parameter χ that has the product of grain size and the cubic root of flow volume as the numerator and the product of channel width and flow length as the denominator. The linear correlation between the reciprocal of mobility and parameter χ is statistically highly significant. Parameter χ confirms that the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows is an increasing function of the ratio of the number of fragments per unit of flow mass to the total number of fragments in the flow. These are two characteristic numbers of particles whose effect on mobility is scale invariant.
How much can we save? Impact of different emission scenarios on future snow cover in the Alps
Authors: Marty Christoph , Schlögl Sebastian , Bavay Mathias , Lehning Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on an assessment of the future snow depth for two larger Alpine catchments. Automatic weather station data from two diverse regions in the Swiss Alps have been used as input for the Alpine3D surface process model to compute the snow cover at a 200 m horizontal resolution for the reference period (1999–2012). Future temperature and precipitation changes have been computed from 20 downscaled GCM-RCM chains for three different emission scenarios, including one intervention scenario (2 °C target) and for three future time periods (2020–2049, 2045–2074, 2070–2099). By applying simple daily change values to measured time series of temperature and precipitation, small-scale climate scenarios have been calculated for the median estimate and extreme changes. The projections reveal a decrease in snow depth for all elevations, time periods and emission scenarios. The non-intervention scenarios demonstrate a decrease of about 50 % even for elevations above 3000 m. The most affected elevation zone for climate change is located below 1200 m, where the simulations show almost no snow towards the end of the century. Depending on the emission scenario and elevation zone the winter season starts half a month to 1 month later and ends 1 to 3 months earlier in this last scenario period. The resulting snow cover changes may be roughly equivalent to an elevation shift of 500–800 or 700–1000 m for the two non-intervention emission scenarios. At the end of the century the number of snow days may be more than halved at an elevation of around 1500 m and only 0–2 snow days are predicted in the lowlands. The results for the intervention scenario reveal no differences for the first scenario period but clearly demonstrate a stabilization thereafter, comprising much lower snow cover reductions towards the end of the century (ca. 30 % instead of 70 %).
The Lviv Train Station Restaurant as a Soviet Enterprise, 1944-1980
Authors: Zayarnyuk Andriy
Published: February 2017

This article is a micro-history of a restaurant in post- World War II Lviv, the largest city of Western Ukraine. Offering a case study of one public dining enterprise this paper explores changes in the post-war Soviet public dining; demonstrates how that enterprise’s institutional structure mediated economic demands, ideological directives, and social conflicts. It argues that the Soviet enterprise should be seen as a nexus between economic system, organization structure of the Soviet state, and everyday lives of Soviet people. The article helps to understand Soviet consumerist practices in the sphere of public dining by looking into complex, hierarchical organizations enabling them.
Alta Hooker, galardonada en América Latina por la UNESCO
Authors: Manuel Flores Carlos
Published: February 2017

Alta Hooker Blandford, Rectora de la URACCAN fue galardonada por su destacada labor en beneficio de la responsabilidad social, territorial y la interculturalidad, impulsada en América Latina. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) le otorgó la meritoria orden “Ojo de Plata” otorgado por el Observatorio Regional de Responsabilidad Social para América Latina y el Caribe (ORSALS) de la UNESCO, mediante el Instituto Internacional para la Educación Superior de América Latina y el Caribe (IESALC). El galardón fue entregado por Peter Wells, director de Educación Superior de la UNESCO, en el marco del IV Foro Regional: Tendencias de la Responsabilidad Social Territorial en América Latina y el Caribe, en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).
Conocimientos botánicos de estudiantes de sexto grado, escuela rural del municipio de Fómeque, Cundinamarca
Authors: Hernández Barbosa Rubinsten , Neusa Vargas Claudia Patricia
Published: February 2017

En este texto se describe una experiencia de aula que tuvo por objetivo caracterizar el conocimiento que los estudiantes de sexto grado de la Institución Educativa Rural Departamental “San Lorenzo”, tienen sobre las plantas de la región. El enfoque de la experiencia se hizo teniendo en cuenta aspectos de la investigación cualitativa, cuya información se recogió en carpetas y talleres escritos tanto de manera individual como grupal. Según el análisis sobre la experiencia, el conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes sobre las plantas se puede organizar en cinco categorías: usos de las plantas, proceso de cultivo de plantas alimenticias, relaciones con otros seres vivos, tipos de abonos y enfermedades. Los resultados de este trabajo invitan a reflexionar sobre la importancia de este tipo de conocimientos para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y a repensar y reconfigurar modelos alternativos más incluyentes y contextuales.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of urinary tract infections in prenatal hydronephrosis: An updated systematic review
Authors: Easterbrook Bethany , Capolicchio John-Paul , Braga Luis H.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: While continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is currently recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants with prenatal hydronephrosis (HN), this recommendation is not evidence-based. The objective of this study was to systematically determine whether CAP reduces UTIs in the HN population.Methods: Applicable trials were identified through an electronic search of MEDLINE (1946‒2015), EMBASE (1980‒2016), CINAHL (1982‒2016), and CENTRAL (1993‒2016) and through a hand search of American Urological Association (AUA) (2012‒2015) and European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESPU) (2012‒2015) abstracts, as well as reference lists of included trials. The search strategy was not limited by language or year of publication. Eligible studies compared CAP to no CAP in patients with antenatal HN, <2 years of age, and reported development of UTI and HN grades. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, and quality appraisal.Results: Of 1518 citations screened, 11 were included, contributing 3909 patients for final analysis. Of these, four (36%) were considered high-quality when assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis of the non-randomized trials (n=10) provided similar pooled UTI rates, regardless of CAP use: 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4‒11.4%) for CAP and 7.5% (95% CI 6.4‒8.6%)for no CAP.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests there may be value in providing CAP to infants with high-grade HN; however, due to the very low-quality data from non-randomized studies, important clinical variables, such as circumcision status, were unable to be assessed.
Policy Implementation of Improving Education Quality of Primary Education Teachers in Laos and Indonesia
Authors: Luangsithideth Viengdavong , Huda Muhammad , Supriyanto Ahmad , Wiyono Bambang B.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research is to get deep meaning of policy implementation to improve quality of primary education teachers in Laos and Indonesia. Research locations are in the Ministry of Education in those both countries. This research used a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design. First, policy formulation consider the aspect of novelty and national education goals; second, policy dissemination of existing policies do after getting approval from parliament, as well as socialization is done to the department of education in each provinces and districts; third, policy implementation process is done by establishing a monitoring team to oversee that the policy can work well; fourth, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation is done periodically, at least every six months, and the results of the evaluation are reported to the Ministry; fifth, gaps in the policy implementation is because monitoring can not be run with maximum caused by geographical conditions and the weakness of the role of school supervisors; sixth, efforts to repair gaps in the implementation of policies to improve the quality primary school teachers is to make laws on the teacher, as well as to provide training to teachers and principals.
A Traditional Communication of Bugis (Note 1) in the South Sulawesi of Indonesia through the Art Performance of Kecapi
Authors: M. Muslimin
Published: February 2017

Discussing about traditional communication, it is commonly connected to the tradition concept, which contains a meaning that the concept is a kind of the past finding, but it is commonly reputed as a normative thing by each part of the society. Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that the definition of traditional communication is commonly connected to the folk art performance as a traditional media that is owned by a certain society, as the result it can be identified and understood that a folk art performance is owned by that society and exist as a local wisdom for the society.Therefore, it can be cleared that discussing about traditional communication is cannot be separated with the traditional folk art performance as a media, a kind of art that is based on the folk story by using media that appears and develops in a certain society. The effort of source finding of this folk story is not only purposed to be performed in the form of art performance, but also it is further expected to carry out messages from the story. Therefore, in the review of traditional communication it is emphasized to the way of carrying the messages that are contained in an art performance as a media. Therefore, this review is not discussed about the art performance furtherly. It means that the performance can use a great and luxurious background, but also can be in a simple form.South Sulawesi as a former government of the Indonesian Archipelago (the government of Gowa-Tallo and other governments that had been exist in Indonesia) has various kinds of art performance of the traditional media which are still heired for generations, where the function of traditional media is not only as an entertaining public show, but also may be a guidance because of the role of art performance which is full of messages and senses.Therefore, people who will have an art performance are commonly have to prepare their physic, mental, and psychology, moreover in fact that they will face most of audiences and have an all night (Note 2) performance. So that, in the South Sulawasi, may be in other places, before playing the role as a persistent player in an art performance, the players are commonly practice hard their skill and ability. This ability is usually completed by a mysthical thinking through the magic words or Parimbolo (Bugis’ language). In order to learn the magic words, the players commonly meet the elders, but the magic words are not directly given, but rather have to pass some rituals within certain rules such as white cloth, a cock, or by preparing black sticky rice and black cock (Ajeip Padindang in Monoharto, 2003: ix-x).
Intellectual Capital: How Do Islamic Ethics Rejuvenate It?
Authors: Mat Zin Sakinah , Adnan Ahmad Azrin , Abdullah Iskandar Hasan Tan
Published: February 2017

In this era of knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital (IC) is considered as a critical component in an organizational effort to emphasize on accomplishing competitive advantages and enhancing value added for the organization. Besides concentrating only on new product innovations, small and medium enterprises should also be engaged in managing IC in accordance to Islamic teachings. An understanding to Islamic ethics and its upshots for superior performance facilitates entrepreneurs in managing IC strategically. This paper aims to re-scrutinize several contributions in Islamic ethics and IC in SME entrepreneurial researches, ascertain the main elements of IC as well as Islamic work ethics (IWE); and thus show how IWE is relevant for research in the area of IC.
A remark on the number of distinct prime divisors of integers
Authors: Hassani Mehdi
Published: February 2017

We study the asymptotic formula for the sum $\sum_{n\leqslant x}\o(n)$ where $\o(n)$ denotes the number of distinct prime divisors of $n$, and we perform some computations which detect curve patterns in the distribution of a related sequence.
How to Reveal the Constructed Worlds: the Budapest Riots 2006
Authors: Fogarasi Mihály , Kovács István
Published: February 2017

This empirical study is aimed at exploring one important social psychological aspect of two significant, politically motivated clashes that happened in Budapest in 2006. The multiple effects of these mass demonstrations can be detected even today. Both the 18 September 2006 event at the HQ of Hungarian State Television and the 23 October 2006 event in the inner part of Budapest gave rise to considerable and immediate interest across the whole of Hungarian society. The study represents the so called social representations both of the policemen and civilians who participated in the clashes. Through the results of this research the reader may understand the common interpretations – that have been created through social construction – of those who were involved in the events. Method: Some 42 interviewees were involved in the study. We used semi-structured interview-techniques. The texts were analysed according to the sequential-transformative-model, which combines both the qualitative and the quantitative techniques of content (text) analysis. Results: The groups have constructed some different representations constituting their interpretations relating to what happened there in Budapest, as well as how and why. Finally, the shared constructs constitute the partly differing realities of the members of those groups. Conclusion: The existence of those realities outlines the definitive aspect of the process of social construction, namely, it depends fundamentally on the nature of the social relations in which the actors are positioned, which in turn, through the perspectives taken, influences the process of applying different meanings and explanations to events that appear to be the same.
Illegal use of explosives - An incidental phenomenon or the seeds of the next real threat to collective security and public order?
Authors: Kawka Waldemar
Published: February 2017

The widespread use of various types of explosives both by military and non-military (paramilitary and industrial) users - characterised by specific properties (including their explosive nature, physico-chemical make-up and, most of all, their destructive properties in the context of the protection of life and health of people and other living organisms) - generates an extremely complex environment. In such circumstances unauthorised users (those identified as acquiring explosives illegally) are another source of a real threat to collective security and public order, and the current threat is not only at the national and European level, but also global. Authorised use of explosives in terms of their industrial application most often and in general opinion is focused on the mining industry. However, careful analysis of the subject shows that the range of authorised industrial users of explosives, e.g. those who use them in industry, is much broader. A summary of illegal ways of obtaining explosives regularly includes all those who are passionate about organic chemistry (including the chemistry of high-energy chemical compounds – a very intricate and difficult field) and producers of homemade explosives. Dissemination of this sort of practice may in fact contribute to the mass production of explosives and construction of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) used for different purposes. In turn, the destructive properties of explosives, combined with their large scale and illegal use, are a growing and significant threat in the area of collective security and public order.
Protection of creditors and the imposition of sanctions against assets and property in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Kurilovská Lucia , Kordík Marek
Published: February 2017

This contribution deals with the low number of punishments imposed confiscating the property of those convicted. One of the hypotheses for this given below may relate to the alleged legal risks of the interference with the rights of third parties, mainly creditors. The contribution shows that the Slovak legal system provides both sufficient legal certainty and the tools to avoid such a conflict. In the paper the authors present the issue of creditor protection and the imposition of sanctions on the assets and liabilities owned by debtors in the context of legal regulations in force in the Slovak Republic. Moreover, it will acquaint the reader with dispositions of the fundamental legal act regulating Slovak criminal proceedings – the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article was prepared within the context of an interdepartmental research project (No APVV-15-0740) funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency. The outcomes achieved as a result of the research have been the subject of many discussions in the international legal community and several research papers (published not only in Slovak Republic) have been dedicated to them. This article, written by employees of Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava, is a continuation of the analytical assessment of the result of the research connected with the problem of creditor protection of and support of debt collection proceedings by the Slovak judicial system. The entire article is based on interpretations of juridical proceeding, parts of which focus on the issue of investigation of due compensation to creditors.
Deactivation of weapons from the perspective of European Union and Kosovo
Authors: Suchanek Paweł
Published: February 2017

Despite existing regulations on weapon acquisition, possession, trade, transfer over the border on EU and UN level, for a long time an issue of deactivation had not been addressed by EU in a comprehensive way until December 2015, the aftermath of the series of terrorist attacks in several EU Member States. . For some years after the amended Firearms Directive 2008/15/EC had come into force, except for the framework guidelines, there was neither a sense of common understanding for the concept of deactivation, nor definite, technical requirements for all EU Member States. In result, deactivated firearms that were legally transferred or illegally trafficked within EU territory were very likely to be reactivated by criminals and re-introduced into illicit weapon market. The article describes the path that has finally led to the establishment of the EU requirements on deactivation, presenting on the other hand, the struggle for the set-up of sound anti-reactivation provisions by one of the newest countries on the European map, that is Kosovo. This young state has had to overcome the post conflict situation and has started to introduce a versatile control over the civilian weapon market. As Kosovo has been strictly cooperating with EU and UN on public security related issues, the topic of regulating the weapon market became one of the issues of legitimate concern both for Brussels and Pristina. In case of the deactivation, Kosovo authorities assisted by international experts, prepared comprehensive solutions in their domestic legislation, which came into force long before the establishment of EU common guidelines on deactivation standards and techniques for ensuring that deactivated firearms are rendered irreversibly inoperable set in December 2015.
The development of the national security system in Lithuania and contemporary security challenges
Authors: Pranevičienė Birutė , Vasiliauskienė Violeta
Published: February 2017

The article presents the institutional development of the system for the protection of national security in the Republic of Lithuania. The publication reveals the prevailing concepts of national security and describes the notions of national security established in Lithuanian legal regulation. The first view of security is that a traditional policy of security is based on the idea that all the members of society or individual interests are subordinate to the interest of the state. On the other hand, the theory of human security can be defined as giving priority to the security of the individual, and it states that human security is achieved only when basic material needs are met and meaningful participation in the life of the community and human dignity are realised. Further, the development of the institutions securing the national security of Lithuania are described from the period from 1990 when the Republic of Lithuania restored independence until the present time. Additionally, it reveals the existing concept of national security in the Lithuanian Republic, and describes the main threats to Lithuanian national security, dividing these into military, political and socio-economic sectors, and indicates measures taken to combat them. After carrying out an analysis of the Acts forming the national security policy in Lithuania and other related legal Acts it can be concluded that the dominant perception of Lithuanian national security is a broad concept of national security with strong emphasis on human security issues.
Security sector reform – theory and practice
Authors: Pranevičienė Birutė , Vasiliauskienė Violeta
Published: February 2017

Security Sector Reform (SSR) is a concept and activity of the democratic transformation of defence, justice and rule of law systems. In accordance with the United Nations approach, SSR is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict. Over the last few decades, with many countries evolving and developing democratic processes, the concept has gained interest and popularity in international organisations and states heading towards a positive change. In the past, full SSR activities had been successfully conducted in central and east European post-communist countries. Nowadays, the process is carried out among African and Middle East countries, in some of them this being extremely challenging. A considerable degree of complexity characterizes the SSR processes. For this reason, a great deal of effort has been exerted with the aim of normalising rules and conditions for conducting SSR. The purpose of these activities is to ensure the widest possible effect of the use of scarce expert resources. SSR is a relatively new area of expertise suffering from a scarcity of literature presenting theory in conjunction with practice. During the research conducted it was assumed that, in spite of a wide array of actions to be executed within SSR in different states, they should be interconnected by a general model which would ensure the greatest effect. The aim of this essay is to present selected theoretical aspects of SSR, essential for increasing the effectiveness of the reforms conducted, illustrated with a practical example of the SSR process in Egypt.
Organisational Modelling Using the Example of the Police Training Centre
Authors: Stawicki Roman , Irzycki Piotr
Published: February 2017

The subject of this article is the issue of organisational modelling using the example of the Police Training Centre. It attempts to show the theoretical basis, experience and innovative solutions in the field of organisational modelling that were implemented in the Police Training Centre.
The organisational unit was established on 27 August 1990 under Ordinance No 85 of the Minister of Internal Affairs, and its role is to prepare specialist personnel to perform duties related to the security of citizens and the maintenance of public order and safety. Currently, the Police Training Centre operates on the basis of a statute, and the overriding task of the Police Training Centre is the professional training of police officers and employees of the Police.
The main activity in the area of modelling the organisation of the Police Training Centre was actions, associated with changes in the establishment, in relation to the allocation of posts in the different organisational units. This contributed to the standardisation of structures of all units such that there was equivalence in the number and grade of posts.
An extension of the design of the systematic solution was an innovative project to develop a task matrix as the basis for the preparation of job description cards. Actions related to the implementation of the concept formed the basis for work on the revision of the rules and regulations of the Police Training Centre. The project facilitated the current assignment of tasks to individual organisational units. The new rules and regulations that entered into force delegated the development of standardised job description cards based on the approved task matrix.
This article is an attempt to demonstrate that Police organisational units should undergo a continuous process of improvement in order to better meet their responsibilities.
Satanism, the Occult, Mysticism and Crime: Perspectives on the Inversion of Christianity
Authors: Roelofse Cornelis
Published: February 2017

The philosophical premises should be the constructs and ideas from which grand theoretical perspectives can be deduced. As Himes and Schulenberg (2013:1) put it, “Philosophy and theory are perpetually linked; philosophy influences how one sees the world, theory shapes how one intentionally interacts with that world”. Let us just for a moment doubt science and challenge its dogma. What if science is not able to measure a dimension of life and then ignores it and teaches people to make this a private dimension and not to insist that this dimension also asserts itself in the public domain. What if people intuitively know that there is a spiritual world but are bombarded by scientific dogma to ignore it? Explanations on the origin of life, spiritual possession and death after life cannot be explained from a positivistic methodological view point simply because scientists have not been able to develop measuring instruments for these phenomena. To ignore sacred things and experiences and to be informed that you are “hallucinating” may be a cause for anxiety and, depression. Scientists are not comfortable when confronted by mysticism, metaphysical tendencies and religion. Despite the stance of scientists not to engage in matters that cannot be scientifically measured, millions of lives around the globe are affected by “super-natural phenomena.” The article looks at the spiritual world from a biblical perspective in order to demonstrate that Satanism and occult practices are the inverse of Christianity. The objective is to establish a cross-disciplinary approach to find answers to some crimes that seems to be motivated by spiritual possession and mystic beliefs.
Hermes - tidsskrift for sprogforskning 1988-1998
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Frandsen Finn
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Nominaler, nominaliseringer og semantisk kompleksitet
Authors: Thrane Torben
Published: February 2017

It is a fundamental semantic property of all kinds of deverbal nominalizations that they may be used to talk about situations as if they were entities. In cases where a systematic morphological nominalization is at hand it becomes the name of a situation type, an abstraction from historical situations whose participants are ‘present’ only in a manner comparable to unbound variables in a logical formula. Such nominalizations are regarded as semantically saturated since they do not require syntactic realization of any of its arguments, nor can they be assigned an unambiguous event structure. This makes them semantically complex predicates the interpretation of which in actual utterance situations depends on both contextual and situational information.
УГОВОР РАДОВАНА ЂУРЂЕВИЋА МИРИЛОВИЋА О РАДУ У ДУБРОВНИКУ
Authors: Пекић Радмило
Published: February 2017

Познато је да се у Дубровачком архиву налазе бројни уговори о раду из средњовјековног периода, које су склапали дубровачки послодавци са становништвом из сусједних подручја. Један од таквих уговора склопио је почетком 1415. године Радован Ђурђевић из Мириловића и његова кћерка Радослава, која се покатоличила и промијенила име. У раду је презентована транскрипција, превод и анализа документа, из којег се види како су и под којим условима Радован Ђурђевић из Мириловића и његова кћерка добили запослење код Марина Максића у Дубровнику.
ДУБРОВАЧКО ПИСМО ВОЈВОДИ РАДОСЛАВУ ПАВЛОВИЋУ ПОВОДОМ ПЉАЧКЕ КНЕЗА БРАНКА
Authors: Смиљанић Аранђел
Published: February 2017

Дубровчани су 28. фебруара 1422. упутили писмо војводи Радославу поводом пљачке коју је у Конавлима извео његов вазал кнез Бранко. Он је са својим људима напао њиховог конавоског кнеза, опљачкао га и протјерао са неколико његових људи. Стога су тражили од војводе да нареди својим људима да врате опљачкано, и да учини све како се слично не би дешавало у будућности. Касније се показало да је Радослав био укључен у ове догађаје, чак да је кнезу Бранку наредио да нападне дубровачког кнеза у Конавлима. Посредовањем војводе Сандаља Хранића овај спор је окончан до краја маја исте године.
ПОВЕЉА КРАЉА СТЕФАНА ТОМАША ЕРДЕЉСКОМ ВОЈВОДИ ЈОВАНУ ХУЊАДИЈУ
Authors: Крстић Александар
Published: February 2017

Босански краљ Стефан Томаш објављује да су после смрти његовог стрица Стефана Твртка II вољом покојног владара њему припали краљевски градови и други поседи, и да га је угарски и пољски краљ Владислав I поставио и потврдио за краља Босне, по савету и залагањем Јована Хуњадија, ердељског војводе и врховног капетана краљеве војске. Имајући у виду његову велику помоћ и благонаклоност, Стефан Томаш је обећао да ће помагати Хуњадија против Турака, суседа или других непријатеља лично, са свим својим људима и добрима. Уколико војводи запрети нека велика опасност, он је слободан да са својим фамилијарима дође у краљеву земљу, где ће уживати краљеву заштиту. Поврх тога, краљ је одлучио да Хуњадију исплаћује годишње издржавање у износу од 3.000 златних флорена.
ДУБРОВАЧКО ПИСМО КНЕЗУ ВУКИЋУ
Authors: Смиљанић Аранђел
Published: February 2017

Дубровчани су 1. јуна 1398. упутили писмо кнезу Вукићу Радивојевићу из западног Хума. Томе је претходило писмо које им је овај властелин послао поводом дуга који су начинили њихови цријепари (произвођачи цријепова). Власти Општине су кнеза Вукића молиле да их не задржава због дуга, јер ће га они подмирити. Како би показали своју добру вољу, Дубровчани су обећали кнезу Вукићу послати цријепа колико му буде потребно.
УГОВОР КРАЉА СТЕФАНА ТОМАША И КНЕЗА НИКОЛЕ ТРОГИРАНИНА О ЗАЈЕДНИЧКОЈ ТРГОВИНИ
Authors: Исаиловић Невен , Фостиков Александра
Published: February 2017

Краљ Стефан Томаш склапа уговор са кнезом Николом Трогиранином којим се предвиђа њихово заједничко пословање, односно трговање на простору Босне и Далмације. Обе стране су уложиле по 10.000 дуката, с тим што је краљев део исплаћен у сребру. Предвиђено је да се тај фонд користи током пет година, те да се уз помоћ назначених средстава тргује „на све четири стране“. Никола је требало да одржава станице у Сплиту, Фојници и Јајцу, док се краљ обавезао да ће му дати куће у Босни тамо где му буду биле потребне. Томаш се могао снабдевати из поменутих станица, уз уредно плаћање, а Никола сребром из Босне за дукате у готовини. Добит и штета настали заједничким пословањем делили су се на пола, с тим што је Томаш требало да покрива сву штету која би евентуално настала у Босни, осим ако ју је произвела „турска сила“.
“Una perfetta giapponese”: la costruzione japonisant del Giappone e della musmè ne ‘La veste di crespo’ di Matilde Serao
Authors: Anna Lisa Somma
Published: February 2017

In Serao’s short story La veste di crespo (Madame Héliotrope) (1894) the protagonist Luisa – strongly influenced by the trend of japonisme – tries to be “una perfetta giapponese” (“a perfect Japanese”), a musmè. In particular, in the wake of Loti’s novel Madame Chrysanthème (1888), she asks her lover to abandon her, in order to die as the heroine in that novel. In this essay I aim to investigate the representation of the musmè in Italian literature between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. I will analyse it in a post-colonial and gender studies perspective, taking into consideration a variety of sources and literary works (such as travel logs, poems, novels, and short stories), written by several authors (e.g., D’Annunzio, Salgari, Govoni, Trilussa and Panzini).
Micromanaging checkpoint proteins
Authors: Ciliberto Andrea , Hauf Silke
Published: February 2017

The kinase Mps1, long known to be the ‘boss’ in mitotic checkpoint signaling, phosphorylates multiple proteins in the checkpoint signaling cascade.