bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between cardiovascular risk and glycemic control among patients with diabetes
Authors: Dalimunthe Naomi Niari , Ahmad Herwindo , Dalimunthe Dina Arwina
Published: March 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels are thought to increase the likelihood of CVD in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, stratification of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes is crucial.

Objective:

To assess the relationship between cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score (JCS), and blood glucose control, as shown by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, in individuals with diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional analytic analysis was undertaken in a private clinic between April and June 2022. This study examined 110 diabetes patients who had not experienced any cardiovascular complications. Correlation analysis was employed to investigate the association between the risk of CVD and levels of HbA1c.

Results:

According to JCS, a significant proportion of patients (86.4%) were classified as high risk for CVD. The recorded HbA1c values varied from 5% to 16.20%. Around 90% of the study participants exhibited uncontrolled blood glucose levels, as evidenced by an HbA1c value exceeding 7%. Nevertheless, individuals with HbA1c levels below 7% exhibited a more excellent average total risk score. The JCS and HbA1c levels showed a weak negative connection, with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.198 and a P value of 0.038.

Conclusion:

There is a weak negative correlation between the cardiovascular risk score of diabetic patients and their blood glucose control.
Incidence of deranged thyroid levels in women aged 25 years and above with lower back pain
Authors: Dhar Sanjay , Kale Sachin , Kale Sachiti S , Patel Abhiraj , Shinde Sumedha , Vatkar Arvind J , Doshi Suraj S , Biswal Pannag B
Published: March 2024

Background:

Low back pain (LBP) constitutes a significant portion, 57%, of overall disability, posing a considerable burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. Despite the abundance of literature on various causes and treatments for LBP, success in its management remains inconsistent. There is a growing consensus for a more comprehensive investigation into the early stages of LBP to understand its origin and progression better, aiming to target interventions more precisely. Among adolescents, females exhibit a higher prevalence of LBP than that of males. Notably, thyroid imbalances can lead to physiological changes, resulting in fatigue and generalized muscle or joint pain, which often improve with thyroid medication. However, there is limited research exploring the association between LBP and thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction, assessed through thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening, in women aged 25 years and above who experience LBP.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted following ethical approval from D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India, from April 15, 2021, to April 30, 2022. Upon obtaining informed consent and elucidating the study’s objectives, we randomly screened 852 females aged 25 years. Among them, 426 females reported experiencing LBP persisting for more than 3 weeks.

Results:

Out of 852 female subjects screened, 426 had LBP, of which 66.9% had high TSH levels. There was no substantial association between age and deranged thyroid (high TSH). There was a statistical correlation between high TSH and LBP with a P value of 0.00001 and a strong negative correlation.

Conclusion:

LBP in females aged 25 years and above may be a consequence of deranged thyroid levels, that is, elevated TSH levels (hypothyroidism). Therefore, this will help diagnose, treat, and subsequently prevent LBP by screening TSH Levels.
Reflective writing by medical students on the newly implemented foundation course in MBBS curriculum: An in-depth analysis
Authors: Ohri Ashwariya , Kaur Jasleen , Alam Sana , Khan Sabina
Published: March 2024

Objective:

An analysis of reflective writing by medical students on the newly implemented foundation course under the Competency-based Medical Education (CBME).

Materials and Methods:

A month-long foundation course was conducted for the newly enrolled Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students by the National Medical Commission (NMC) guidelines. After the program, 150 anonymous reflections were collected from the students. These reflections were evaluated, and common themes were identified using the thematic analysis method.

Results:

Students were highly appreciative of sessions such as communication and ethics, basic life skills and first aid, vaccination, hand hygiene, biomedical waste disposal, skills labs, yoga and sports, and appreciated how this course helped them seamlessly transition from school to college life and helped ease their anxieties about this significant change in their lives. Campus tours and sessions facilitated by experienced and valued faculty members gave students great insight into the profession and helped familiarize them with the hospital setup. It also made the students more comfortable with the faculty members and better acquainted with each other. Introduction to topics new to them, such as community and family medicine, was greeted with great appreciation. Students also appreciated the free form of reflective writing and how it helped them express their experience in their own words, without restrictions. Students suggested that the duration of the course be shortened or perhaps it occurs simultaneous to their syllabus but also noted that this is a beautiful addition to the curriculum set by NMC. Language sessions are region-specific and need to be validated by other studies. Change is the only constant in our lives, and this change in the curriculum seems to be a positive step toward educating empathetic and wholesome medical professionals of the future generation.

Conclusion:

Introducing the foundation course under CBME is a revolutionary step toward enhancing our country’s medical education system. Student reflections on the course and its sessions serve as a mirror for us to enhance and refine our curriculum. The reflections analyzed showed a significantly positive response towards the course by the students. Future studies analyzing the impact of foundation courses on their medical school journey would yield exciting insights.
Analysis of Cesarean section rates using Robson’s ten-group classification system in comparison with the MCS population reference
Authors: Apuroopa T , Nimbargi Vandana Ravindra , Dabhadkar Suchita Vivek
Published: March 2024

Background:

The escalating global prevalence of Cesarean section (CS) deliveries raises concerns. To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests employing Robson’s ten-group classification system (RTGCS) for assessing and comparing CS rates among obstetric units. The aim of our study was to assess our hospital’s CS rate per group and juxtapose it with WHO Multi-Country Survey (MCS) population reference data. Furthermore, we delve into prevalent obstetric Indications for CS and examine potential strategies for mitigating the high CS rate.

Materials and Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study occurred at an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital from October 2018 to May 2020. Women delivering during this period were classified based on RTGCS, and Cesarean rates were computed across various groups. These rates were then compared with the WHO’s MCS population reference guidelines. Additionally, we investigated obstetric Indications for CS within these groups.

Results:

Of 2994 deliveries during the study period, 42.55% were CS. Notably, group 5 (29.75%) and group 1 (21.74%) had the highest CS rates. The CS rate of nulliparous women was 40.9%. Primary CS groups frequently cited fetal distress as the reason, while group 5 showed repeat CS due to previous CS with obstetric complications, on-demand CS, and scar integrity concerns.

Conclusion:

Despite our hospital’s overall high CS rate, group-specific contributions align with existing research. High-risk pregnancies, previous CS cases, and preterm CS for neonatal care notably contribute. Efforts should target in reducing CS in low-risk groups.
Lyme disease
Authors: Gayatri Sugali , Nanabala Mounika
Published: March 2024

Lyme disease (LD) is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in the United States and Europe, caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. LD infections are recorded in about 20,000 instances each year. The most significant risk is to people who live in coastal areas, such as the Great Lakes region, northwest California, and the Northeast. A higher risk applies to young people and people who spend much time outside in woody areas. Erythema migrans, the most common skin lesion, is caused by the deposition of spirochetes in human dermal tissue, which causes an inflammatory reaction. The prognosis is excellent if correctly and quickly addressed. Although the condition can appear clinically in many ways, the most common ones in untreated patients typically involve the heart, joints, or central nervous system. Diagnosis is typically made clinically. Doxycycline or amoxicillin are used as treatments. Cefuroxime or erythromycin are frequently used as alternatives. Ceftriaxone or penicillin G must be administered intravenously for late or severe illness. In some patients, single-dose doxycycline (200 mg orally) is frequently administered as prophylactic. Patients should be encouraged to take preventative measures to help lower risks.
Incidence of depression in pregnant and postpartum women in tertiary care hospital using Edinburg postpartum depression scale: A prospective observational clinical study
Authors: More Mayuri , Agarwal Aashna , Noorien Ruma , Shetty Chiranjeev , Gopal Sriram , Patil Prachi
Published: March 2024

Background:

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by physical symptoms like fatigue, pain, sleep disturbances, and/or a persistently low mood. Antenatal depression refers to a nonpsychotic depressive condition that starts during pregnancy. Postpartum depression, on the other hand, emerges within a month after childbirth and can persist for up to 1 year. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence of depression among women during both the antenatal and postnatal periods by utilizing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Materials and Methods:

From 1 August 2022 to 1 September 2023, 246 women responded to the EPDS questionnaire during and after childbirth. Valid consent was obtained from all participating subjects before the study’s commencement.

Results:

The study revealed that depressive disorders affected 23.2% of women during the antenatal period and 20.3% during the postnatal phase. A higher prevalence of depression was observed among multiparous women (53.7%) and those aged between 25 and 34 years (64.2%). Additionally, significant associations between depression and risk factors like cesarean delivery (54.1%) were identified.

Conclusion:

Both the postpartum period and pregnancy pose increased risks for the onset of various psychiatric disorders. This research assisted in screening, classifying, and identifying high-risk individuals and providing guidance and support to those requiring additional assistance and counseling. Therefore, regular EPDS screening can potentially enhance maternal and child health outcomes.
Unveiling the complexity of anti-GBM pulmonary renal syndrome: A case report
Authors: Sridhar Tejashree , Shukla Sudhanshu , Hiremath Jayasheela S , Nyamagoud Sanathkumar B , Vishwanatha Swamy Agadi Hiremath
Published: March 2024

Goodpasture Syndrome, alternatively referred to as Anti-GBM disease, is an uncommon autoimmune condition marked by the production of autoantibodies targeting the basement membranes of the glomeruli and alveoli. This immune response triggers a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the kidneys and lungs, potentially resulting in the development of anti-GBM pulmonary-renal syndrome (APRS). The syndrome is exceptionally infrequent, with an estimated yearly incidence ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 cases per million individuals, commonly impacting young adults and demonstrating a male predominance. This case report involving a 48-year-old man underscores the importance of considering Goodpasture Syndrome, particularly in young individuals displaying clinical signs suggestive of renal and pulmonary complications. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention are essential for better outcomes in this rare and potentially life-threatening autoimmune condition. Heightened awareness among health care providers can facilitate quicker identification and treatment, ultimately improving the outlook for those affected.
A comprehensive review of clinical outcomes and safety profile of durvalumab in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hiremath Jayasheela S , Viswanath Swamy AHM , Mahajan Pooja , Sridhar Tejashree , Shukla Sudhanshu
Published: March 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), encompassing adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and large cell carcinomas, is a prevalent and varied lung cancer type. It holds a significant share of lung malignancies in India and the United States. The advancement of local NSCLC is significantly influenced by smoking, and the recommended therapeutic approach for these cases is chemoradiotherapy. However, the prognosis remains challenging, necessitating innovative treatments. Durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, shows promise against unresectable stage 3 NSCLC. Blocking programmed death ligand-1 interactions amplify immune responses against tumors. Durvalumab has exhibited efficacy in trials and improved survival when combined with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Adverse effects include cough, rash, hypothyroidism, and abdominal pain. Immunotherapies like durvalumab bring hope for better outcomes, but continuous research is crucial for refining treatments and enhancing patient survival.
Preparation of water-soluble nanocurcumin with enhanced superoxide scavenging activity
Authors: Mohanty Harshita , Yadav Raman P
Published: March 2024

Background:

Curcumin, a curcuminoid derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been extensively studied for various bioactivities. However, its limited water solubility and sensitivity to light restrict its therapeutic applications. In recent years, researchers have been exploring ways to enhance the properties of curcumin. In the current investigation, curcumin was transformed into its nanoform by utilizing d-glucose in an aqueous phase at room temperature, creating water-soluble nanocurcumin. Since this study focuses on altering the architecture of the curcumin sphere, it has been examined explicitly for antioxidant activity through well-defined in vitro assays.

Materials and Methods:

Nanocurcumin was synthesized through the conversion of curcumin using d-glucose. The zeta potential of nanocurcumin was measured to assess its water solubility. The orientation of curcumin in its nanoform was confirmed through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was employed to provide evidence of its potential assembly. At the same time, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to discern alterations in peaks and stretches indicative of the transition to the nanoform. The prepared nanocurcumin was examined for superoxide and free radical scavenging activities, given curcumin’s well-known antioxidant properties.

Results:

The zeta potential measurement of nanocurcumin yielded a mean value of −53.4 mV. The nanoform orientation of curcumin was confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealing a shift in the maximum absorption from 450 to 430 nm. Photoluminescence analysis, conducted with excitation at a wavelength of 478 nm, recorded a significant 5.01-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, from 193.6 to 971.8 a.u., accompanied by a slight shift in the emission maxima peak. HR-TEM was done, and various field images have been taken. Some images illustrated the probable assembly of curcumin into a spherical nanoform with a shell-like structure embedded inside the glucose sphere. Fourier-transform infrared analysis indicated alterations in some peaks and stretches due to the transition to the nanoform. Upon examination of the prepared nanocurcumin for superoxide and free radical scavenging activity, a noteworthy enhancement in superoxide scavenging activity was observed, increasing from 21.42 ± 5.01% in the native form to 69.94 ± 5.84% in the nanoform at a concentration of 10 µg/mL of curcumin. Conversely, a slight reduction in free radical scavenging activity was noted, decreasing from 55.57 ± 5.16% in native curcumin to 47.43 ± 6.83% in the nanoform at the same concentration.

Conclusion:

The water-soluble curcumin synthesized in this study can be regarded as an advanced molecule with the potential to address diseases mediated by oxidative stress effectively.
An unusual instance of propofol-triggered green urine in anesthesia management: A case report
Authors: Gonenavar Madhusoodan M , Shukla Sudhanshu , Sridhar Tejashree , Prasad Rashmi , Tabali Rudresh
Published: March 2024

Green urine is a rare and harmless side effect of propofol administration, occurring in less than 1% of cases. Urine discoloration following a single propofol bolus for induction of anesthesia is uncommon, benign, and entirely reversible upon cessation of propofol. Here, we present a case of green urine induced by a single dose (bolus) of propofol and discuss other potential endogenous and exogenous factors that could cause urine discoloration. Our case report aims to raise awareness among intensivists, physicians, and patients, helping to avoid unnecessary laboratory testing, initiating empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, and anxiety associated with this unusual presentation.
A comprehensive review of the use of lemborexant in treating insomnia
Authors: Reddy Pesala Pavan Kumar , Hiremath Jayasheela S , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu , Swamy Agadi Hiremath Viswanatha
Published: March 2024

Lemborexant (LEM), a dual orexin receptor antagonist, represents a significant advancement in treating insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder affecting a considerable portion of the population, especially older adults in India. LEM has several benefits over conventional sedatives in the treatment of insomnia, such as the selective mechanism of action, lower risk of tolerance and dependence, better sleep architecture, reduced possibility of cognitive impairment, various dosing options, the risk of rebound insomnia, and the risk of drug–drug interactions are also decreased. This thorough examination explores the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical effectiveness, and safety profile of LEM, providing valuable insights into its distinct mode of action compared with traditional medications targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. By blocking orexin receptors (orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor), LEM regulates neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B, crucial for controlling wakefulness and arousal. Clinical trials demonstrate its predictable pharmacokinetics, dose-dependent effects, and minimal adverse reactions, confirming its efficacy in improving sleep initiation and maintenance. Long-term studies on LEM’s sustained therapeutic benefits show no signs of rebound insomnia or withdrawal. Its favorable safety profile, including minimal impact on next-day functioning, cognitive abilities, and postural stability, sets it apart from other treatments. The exploration of potential drug interactions underscores the importance of cautious prescribing, especially concerning cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors and inducers. As LEM becomes integrated into healthcare protocols, it promises to be a well-tolerated and effective solution, reshaping standard treatment approaches for insomnia and overcoming the limitations of older medications. In summary, LEM is a valuable addition to the pharmacotherapeutic toolbox, offering a novel strategy for managing sleep disturbances with sustained efficacy and favorable safety features.
Clinico-etiological profile of chronic liver disease in females: A cross-sectional observational study in Eastern Indian set-up
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Naskar Arindam , Mandal Madhuchhanda , Sarkar Kumkum , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Karmakar Partha Sarathi , Pramanik Netai
Published: March 2024

Background:

There are notable distinctions in the epidemiology, progression, symptoms, and treatment responses observed between males and females with chronic liver disease (CLD). Women tend to exhibit a higher prevalence of acute liver failure, autoimmune hepatitis, benign liver lesions, primary biliary cirrhosis, and toxin-induced liver injury compared with men. This study investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CLD in female patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility in eastern India.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult female patients meeting the criteria for CLD. Comprehensive medical histories were obtained, physical examinations were conducted, and various investigations were performed, including complete blood count, liver function tests, urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, all cases underwent whole abdomen ultrasound, with selected cases undergoing further viral profiling and upper gastrointestinal workups. The collected data underwent statistical analysis.

Results:

Among the 80 cases of CLD examined in our study, 62.5% fell within the age range of 41–60 years. Metabolic dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatitis C were identified as the primary causes of CLD, collectively accounting for 50% of all cases. Specifically, 25% of cases were attributed solely to hepatitis C, whereas another 25% were attributed solely to MASH. Additionally, two cases presented with a combination of MASH and hepatitis C. Pallor and jaundice were the most frequently observed clinical findings. Notably, autoimmune hepatitis tended to occur in younger females, whereas MASH was more prevalent in those aged over 51 years.

Conclusion:

There are distinctions based on gender concerning the causes, advancement, natural course, complications, and outlook of CLD cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider gender-specific traits when diagnosing and treating CLD in females.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the bachelor of pharmacy practice study program: insights from the students’ point of view
Authors: Deshpande Prasanna R
Published: March 2024

The Bachelor of Pharmacy Practice (B. Pharm. Pr.) was introduced by the Pharmacy Council of India several years ago as a specialized 2-year course designed for employed pharmacists in community or hospital settings. Despite its recent introduction, only a few institutions offer this program, leading to limited student enrollment. This study aimed to evaluate the program’s effectiveness from the student’s perspective. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to assess improvements in knowledge, practical skills, income, confidence, and other relevant aspects. Out of the 28 students approached, 22 responded to the survey. The average ratings (on a scale of 1 to 10) for increased knowledge, enhanced practice, improved income, and boosted confidence were 9.68, 8.81, 7.95, and 9.68, respectively. These results indicate an overall enhancement across all evaluated parameters. However, policies need to be established to encourage greater enrollment in this program.
Meta-analysis on the utility of morphometry in the cytological differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Saldanha Prema
Published: March 2024

Background:

Thyroid nodules, particularly solitary ones, pose a frequent diagnostic challenge. While fine needle aspiration cytology is the primary diagnostic tool for assessing thyroid nodules before surgery, it still exhibits a relatively high rate of false adverse malignancy reports. The Bethesda system categorizes thyroid cytopathology into six categories with specific criteria, yet diagnostic uncertainty often arises, particularly within categories III and IV. Morphometry presents a complementary approach to cytological diagnosis, furnishing valuable diagnostic insights. Nuclear morphometry involves measuring various nuclear parameters through image analysis, offering objective data that may aid lesion classification. Despite its potential, the evaluation of nuclear morphometry in thyroid cytology remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyze existing literature on the application of nuclear morphometry in differentiating thyroid lesions.

Materials and Methods:

The literature was searched using the Boolean query “Morphometry and Thyroid Cytology” across Google, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Results:

The literature search identified 18 studies that employed morphometry alongside cytomorphology. Among these, three studies were excluded due to being case reports. Image analysis focused on nuclear size parameters such as area, perimeter, maximum and minimum Feret diameters, coefficient of variation of nuclear area, nuclear shape parameters, including shape factor and largest to smallest diameter ratio, and a few nuclear texture parameters. Thirteen studies reported a statistically significant difference in findings between benign and malignant lesions. However, one study indicated that nuclear morphometry might not be a dependable diagnostic tool for assessing thyroid nodules.

Conclusion:

Computerized nuclear morphometry offers an objective and reproducible means to assess and validate cytological characteristics.
Diurnal variation of corneal epithelium and stroma measured by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Caporrino , Reis Benson Alves da Silva , Joly Taher Bark , Moreira Hamilton
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether there is a significant diurnal variation in the thickness of corneal epithelium and stroma, in healthy volunteers, using corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Introduction:

During sleep, closing the eyelids impairs the diffusion of oxygen through the corneal epithelium, resulting in the production of lactic acid, which can interfere with corneal thickness in the 1st min of wakefulness. OCT is an objective and noninvasive accurate method for evaluating corneal epithelium and storm thickness.

Methods:

A prospective and analytical study investigated the thickness and regularity of the cornea and its epithelium in the eyes (n = 30) of individuals without comorbidities. The volunteers underwent corneal OCT examination in two different periods: between 30 and 60 min after waking up and in the late afternoon of the same day. The study was carried out at Médicos de Olhos S.A, Curitiba, Brazil, between August and October 2023. For statistical analysis, the T-Student test was used, considering P < 0.0001 as statistically significant.

Results:

Epithelium variability index, in OD (P = 0.965) and in OS (P = 0.516), did not present a statistically significant difference. The difference in thickness between epithelium minimum and maximum, OD (P = 0.880) and OS (P = 1.0), also did not show a statistically significant difference.

Discussion:

It was possible to verify that the epithelial and stromal thickness of the cornea did not show significant diurnal variations. Furthermore, the regularity of epithelial thickness remained constant, as indicated by the epithelial variability index value.
Diagnosis and histopathological evaluation of soft drusen in patients that underwent evisceration and enucleation
Authors: Dias Anelise Savaris , Burnier Julia Valdemarin , Bergeron Sabrina , Youhnovska Emma , Marcotte Emily , Belfort Rubens N. , Burnier Miguel Noel
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Drusen are yellow deposits between the basal lamina of the retinal pigment epithelium and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch’s membrane. Soft drusen, generally characterized by a medium to large size and poorly demarcated boundaries, increases the risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The prevalence of soft drusen in histopathological sections of the macular region, obtained from enucleated and eviscerated eyes, will be correlated in this study.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective cross-sectional study performed at the MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory (McGill University, Montreal, Canada). A total of 158 eyes were evaluated between 2011 and 2019. Of these, 50% were enucleated and 50% eviscerated eyes. Cases were divided by age in decades into both groups, eviscerated and enucleated eyes. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 50 years or older, identification by histological criteria of macular area, histopathologically preserved macular area, presence of sufficient residual tissue for additional sections, and concrete patient data. The histopathological review was performed in digitized H and E slides (ZEISS Axio Scan.Z1) to assess the presence of soft drusen.

Results:

The results in both groups, enucleated and eviscerated eyes, were similar, as well as the histopathological criteria used in the analysis of soft drusen.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of AMD in the referred population was comparable to that described in both studied groups.
Ocular sporotrichosis in a pregnant woman
Authors: Gomes Sarah Cristina Garcia , Patrus Bianca Prado , Lopes Jéssica Thais , de Sousa Luciene Barbosa
Published: March 2024

The objective was to report a rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in Fundação Banco de Olhos de Goiás. A 29-year-old pregnant woman presented with Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome. She referred to contact with a sick cat. The patient was submitted to a conjunctival culture and skin nodule biopsy, which revealed sporotrichosis. This report discussed this rare case of sporotrichosis presentation in the city of Goiania, Goiás state, Brazil.
Orbital cellulitis with exudative retinal detachment: A rare finding
Authors: Bajaj Ishita , Rohatgi Jolly , Prasad Rajender
Published: March 2024

Orbital cellulitis is a rare cause of exudative retinal detachment (ERD). We hereby present a case of orbital cellulitis associated with ERD from North India. A 42-year-old man presented with features of orbital cellulitis in the left eye for 3 days. An ERD lesion was found in the superior-temporal quadrant of the retina of the same eye. Investigations were performed; however, the cause of orbital cellulitis could not be found. Systemic antibiotics were started, leading to improved orbital cellulitis and resolution of ERD. Orbital cellulitis can be treated with systemic antibiotics. The cure of underlying disease leads to the resolution of ERD.
Pair correlation of the fractional parts of $\alpha n^{\theta}$
Authors: Lutsko Christopher , Sourmelidis Athanasios , Technau Niclas
Published: March 2024

Fix

\alpha,\theta >0

and consider the sequence

(\alpha n^{\theta}\; \mathrm{mod}\; 1)_{n\ge 1}

. Since the seminal work of Rudnick–Sarnak (1998) and due to the Berry–Tabor conjecture in quantum chaos, the fine-scale properties of these dilated monomial sequences have been intensively studied. In this paper, we show that for

\theta <14/41

and

\alpha>0

, the pair correlation function is Poissonian. While (for a given

\theta \neq 1

) this strong pseudo-randomness property has been proven for almost all values of 

\alpha

, there are next-to-no instances where this has been proven for explicit

\alpha

. Our result holds for all

\alpha>0

and relies solely on classical Fourier analytic techniques. This addresses (in the sharpest possible way) a problem posed by Aistleitner–El-Baz–Munsch (2021).
$\alpha$-induction for bi-unitary connections
Authors: Kawahigashi Yasuyuki
Published: March 2024

The tensor functor called

\alpha

-induction produces a new unitary fusion category from a Frobenius algebra object, or a

Q

-system, in a braided unitary fusion category. In the operator algebraic language, it gives extensions of endomorphism of

N

to

M

arising from a subfactor

N\subset M

of finite index and finite depth, which gives a braided fusion category of endomorphisms of

N

. It is also understood in terms of Ocneanu’s graphical calculus. We study this

\alpha

-induction for bi-unitary connections, which provides a characterization of finite-dimensional nondegenerate commuting squares, and present certain

4

-tensors appearing in recent studies of

2

-dimensional topological order. We show that the resulting

\alpha

-induced bi-unitary connections are flat if we start with a commutative Frobenius algebra, or a local

Q

-system. Examples related to chiral conformal field theory and the Dynkin diagrams are presented.
Enteric Fever-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Meena Durga Shankar , Kumar Akhilesh , Kumar Deepak , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Purohit Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Enteric fever is a major contributor to rising health care costs in developing countries. Associated disease-related complications and drug resistance further compound this problem. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon complication of enteric fever with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in enteric fever-associated HLH syndrome. We searched major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) to identify the cases of enteric fever associated with HLH from inception until June 2023. Prespecified data regarding clinical presentation, outcomes, and HLH therapy were collected. A total of 53 cases of enteric fever with HLH were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients was 20 years, and the proportions of female and pediatric patients were 52.8% and 45.3%, respectively. The mean duration of illness was 10.4 days. A total of 39.6% of patients had enteric fever-associated complications; coagulopathy and encephalopathy were the most common (23.1% and 13.5%). The overall mortality rate was 9.4% in HLH. A total of 51% of patients received HLH-specific therapy (corticosteroids in 41.5% and intravenous immunoglobulin in 20.8% of patients). On multivariate analysis, high ferritin levels (≥5,000 ng/mL) were significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 3.01; 95% CI = 0.62–14.12, P = 0.041). Enteric fever with secondary HLH is associated with high mortality. This review reveals the potential role of ferritin in disease prognosis. In cases with significantly elevated ferritin levels, the role of immunosuppressants or combination antibiotics should be explored.
Research on Economic Torque Distribution Control of Distributed Drive Four-Axle Pure Electric Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Huang Bin , Wang Qizheng , Peng Dengzhi , Shengshi Zhong
Published: April 2024

Compared to passenger cars, commercial vehicles have relatively high fuel and energy consumption, relatively high average annual driving mileage, and a wide range of use. Therefore, energy-saving management of commercial vehicles is crucial. For multi-axle distributed pure electric drive commercial vehicles, a dynamic allocation control strategy for driving torque based on energy consumption optimization is proposed. First, the basic idea of the driving torque distribution control strategy was analyzed and a relevant mathematical model was established. Then, the offline optimization of the distribution coefficients of the driving torque for each axle was carried out through a genetic algorithm, and the entire vehicle driving force distribution strategy using the distribution coefficients as an online lookup table was determined. Finally, through the joint simulation platform of TruckSim and MATLAB/Simulink, simulation analysis was conducted for different driving conditions, and the results showed that the designed driving torque distribution control strategy can achieve the expected effect.
Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, and Rings, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Solution Heat Treated and Stabilized
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, flash-welded rings up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, in diameter or least distance between parallel sides, and stock for flash-welded rings or heading of any size (see 8.6).
Relationship Between Visceral Fat Tissue and Exercise
Authors: Ceviz Ebru
Published: March 2024

There are two types of apidose tissue in the human body. Brown adipose tissue is found in small amounts in the body and produces heat in the body through adaptive thermogenesis in cold conditions and diet. White adipose tissue stores fats as triglycerides to be transferred to the blood as free fatty acids when the excess energy is needed. White fat tissue can transform into brown fat tissue due to factors such as hormonal stimulation, chronic cold environment and exercise. UCP-1 protein, an important protein found in brown adipose tissue, regulates energy distribution. White adipose tissue is divided into two in the body: subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue. Visceral tissue surrounds the internal organs, while subcutaneous tissue is found in the thighs and buttocks. Visceral fat cells, which accumulate especially around the abdominal organs, may be closely related to type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis development, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic diseases, and the most important cause of visceral fat accumulation is due to lifestyle changes, lack of exercise and the application of diet programs. Popular types of exercise to reduce visceral fat tissue include aerobic exercise, combination exercises, resistance exercises, high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training. In particular, aerobic exercises are considered the most popular exercise method used for weight loss because they can be performed easily and cause high energy expenditure. Popular exercise models to reduce visceral fat tissue include aerobic exercise, resistance exercises, combined exercises, high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training. Among these training methods, it is aimed to determine exercise models that aim to reduce the visceral fat rate around the abdominal internal organs at a high rate, and even specifically to determine which exercise model will be most effective.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO: O PASSAPORTE PARA A CIDADANIA
Authors: Cristiano do Nascimento Siqueira  , Laura de Oliveira  , Francimar Maria da Silva Costa
Published: March 2024

O referido artigo com o título de: Alfabetizar Letrando: o passaporte para a cidadania, tem como objetivo relatar o que se  entende por alfabetização e letramento no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem  dos alunos das séries iniciais como elemento crucial para o desenvolvimento da  leitura e da escrita. Trata-se de um trabalho pautado na revisão bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa analítica interpretativa que está respaldada teoricamente por estudiosos que tratam do  tema com relevância e fundamental para o  campo da área educacional. Dentro do  contexto alfabetização  e letramento abordou-se, de maneira breve, a história da  alfabetização no Brasil; bem como ressaltar a importância de que os mesmos sejam compreendidos essenciais e que estão além da  codificação e decodificação de símbolos; a relevância de um ensino que tenha com  foco a prática social e, finalizando, a importante missão do professor alfabetizador  neste século. Entre os autores que respaldam a construção desta pesquisa estão:  Magda Soares, (2015), Ferreiro (1985-2017), Teberosky (2000), Lerner (2001),  Freire (2008-2022) entre outros, os quais tratam em suas obras importantes  conceitos sobre o tema.
Neotectonics for the Rumaila Oilfield, Southern Iraq, Using InSAR Techniques
Authors: Alzekri Obaida , Al-Ali Ali , Soltan Basim
Published: March 2024

The Rumaila oilfield in southern Iraq in Basrah Governorate is considered one of the largest oilfields. Production has been ongoing in the oilfield since the last quarter of the 20th century. The main goal of this research is to determine the spatial distribution and magnitude of deformation inside the Rumaila oilfield. The study aims to investigate the potential correlation between these deformations and their underlying causes, particularly examining the influence of tectonic and nontectonic variables. Microwave satellites are used to validate the existence of deformations resulting from oil production activities or other reasons. In some oilfield areas, there may be subsurface deformations like subsidence or uplift due to tectonic or nontectonic factors like human activity, salt tectonics, basement rock faults, and activities resulting from the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. We used the Sentinel-1A satellite data from June 2017 to December 2022 for the ascending and descending tracks, with 75 and 74 images, respectively. The process yielded excellent results, diagnosing three deformation areas for the three culminations: the first area is located north of the oilfield within the West Qurna area, with deformation ranging from -23 to 6.2 mm/year. The second area represents the North Rumaila oilfield; it had a deformation rate of -33 to 11 mm/year. The last area is the South Rumaila oilfield, where the rate of deformation is about -5.7 to 4.5 mm/year. The Rumaila oilfield experiences subsidence, maybe due to human activity, while uplifts are likely reactions to tectonic factors, as per the study's findings.
Accumulation, Bioavailability, and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Some Plants Obtained from Abu-Ghraib Land, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Ali Noor , Abdullah Enaam
Published: March 2024

The study of the distribution of major oxides and heavy metals in some plants collecting and analyzing eighteen plant samples of vegetables including carrot, onion, eggplant, cucumber, and okra obtained from Abu Ghraib land located about 20 km west of Baghdad, Iraq. Eighteen plant samples of vegetables,.Heavy metals can have a severe impact if released into the environment, even in trace quantities. These can enter the food chain from aquatic and agricultural ecosystems and indirectly threaten human health.. Trace elements and oxides of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Th, U, V, and Zn were measured in plant samples using an X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (XRF). TEs analyses of vegetables were performed in the Iraqi German Laboratory in the Department of Geology, University of Baghdad. The results of XRF indicated that the highest Mean ± SD concentrations of As, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn were 5.24 ± 1.846, 229.436 ± 53.598, 12.97 ± 3.95, 69.128 ± 60.577, 87.14 ± 56.711, 18.826 ± 7.572, 0.5 ± 0, 88.506 ± 5.902 and 236.25 ± 227.55 ppm in carrot. Eggplant exhibited the highest concentration of Mn and U, which was 56.923 ± 39.584 and 1.76 ± 1.81 ppm, respectively. However, the total hazard quotient (THQ) of the investigated elements indicated that their levels have no potential to cause a risk to consumers’ health, except Cr (THQ >1), which was higher in all plant samples. This study suggests the safety of vegetables (carrot, onion, eggplant, cucumber, and okra) harvested from farms in Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, and their low risk of inducing serious health events and raises a concern of the elevated levels of Cr, which necessitate innovative methods to decrease its risk.
The Main Lineament Trends of Central Iraq, Depending on the THD of Residual Gravity and Magnetic Maps Obtained from Four Upward Continuation Levels
Authors: Majeed Hayder , Al-Banna Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The upward continuation was used to obtain central Iraq's residual gravity and RTP magnetic maps at elevations 2, 12, 16, and 22 km. These maps are processed by the Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) technique to detect the main lineaments that represent the boundary of subsurface sources or faults. The obtained lineaments trends represented on the rose diagram and the main trends in the study area were found. The lineaments (faults) orders from the main trend descending, from gravity data, are N55W, N45W, N35W, N-S, and N65W, respectively, for the four considered upward elevations. The length of the faults obtained from gravity data ranges from 40-250km, while the length of faults obtained from magnetic data ranges from 20-100km. The lineament from the main trend descending, from magnetic data, are NS, N55W, N35W, N45W, N45E, N35E, N65W and N55E, respectively. The lineaments obtained from magnetic data indicate that the main trend in shallow sources is NW-SE, while for deep sources; the main trend is N-S. The NW-SE fault trends obtained from gravity data are related to the Najd faults system, while the N-S fault trends are related to the Nabitah system. Generally, it is indicated from the analysis of lineaments of gravity and magnetic data that the NW-SE is the main trend of shallow structures in most areas of central Iraq.
Q-Slope System for Assessing the Stability of Rock Slopes in Selected Area, Mergasur Town, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Authors: Qader Rebaz , Hamasur Ghafor , Surdashy Ali
Published: March 2024

Rock slope, slope height, rock discontinuity orientations, and undesigned excavated slopes are the primary contributing factors to the instability of the road in the mountain area. The eight rock slopes in Mergasur town, NE-Iraq, were chosen to be assessed for stability using the kinematic approach with DIPS v6.008 software to determine the type of slope failure and the Q-slope system applied to determine the stability condition. This is an efficient approach for classifying rock slope engineering. According to the kinematic results, stations 1–5 and 7 may have planar sliding, whereas stations 4–8 may experience wedge sliding, stations 1, 2, and 7-8 may experience flexural toppling, and station 3 may have direct toppling. In accordance with the Q-slope system results, stability conditions are determined by projecting the Q-slope and slope angle values on the Q-slope chart.
Determination of the Groundwater Potential Zones in Babylon Using Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques
Authors: Al-Aarajy Khalid , Sultan Maitham , Hassan Zainab
Published: March 2024

Freshwater found underground in the tiny spaces (pores) of soil and rocks is known as groundwater. Groundwater is a valuable resource that considerably contributes to the yearly supplies. To preserve water quality and oversee groundwater systems, evaluation of the potential zone of groundwater recharge is crucial. Using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, groundwater potential zones are identified. This study proposes to use satellite imagery and the software program (ArcGIS) to find a groundwater potential zone in Babylon City, Iraq. A groundwater map has been created using various data, namely slope, drainage density, lineament density, land use/land cover, geology type, soil type, and rainfall map. All these data are collected using a weighted overlay tool. Five categories were created based on the groundwater results: very poor, poor, moderate, good, and exceptional. The 'good' class covers about 32% of the study area. The current study shows that excellent groundwater class exists in Al-Hindiyah Dam, Al-Muhaweel, Al-Midhatiyah, Al-Kifil, and Al-Mashrua’a. The excellent groundwater class in Al-Shommali covers approximately 198.0054 km2. Certain areas like Al-Musaib Center, Al-Hilla Center, Al-Hashimiyah, and Abi Garaq don't have much groundwater. The moderate and excellent classes cover around 19% of the study area. The main conclusion is that Remote Sensing and GIS have gained recognition as a practical approach to mapping groundwater potential zones due to their ability to integrate diverse spatial data.