bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argpyrimidine bonded to RAGE regulates autophagy and cell cycle to cause periodontal destruction
Authors: Li Sihong , Yang Dong , Gao Xudong , Yao Siqi , Wang Shuining , Zhu Junli , Shu Jingjing
Published: September 2022

Argpyrimidine (APMD), a methylglyoxal‐arginine‐derived product, is one of the main products of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to systematically investigate the role of APMD in regulating autophagy activity, with a specific focus on the finding of APDM binding molecule, matching amino acid residues, autophagy flux and proteins, cell cycle arrest, cell skeleton and migration, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, inflammatory signals, alveolar bone destruction, and inhibition verification. In this study, binding to 59/94/121 amino acid residues of advanced glycosylation end product receptor (RAGE), APMD suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate cell survival of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Simultaneously, autophagy proteins ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3‐II/I expression ratio were upregulated while P62/SQSTM was downregulated. Cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 with enhancing Cyclin D1/CDK4 and decreasing Cyclin A/CDK2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy abrogated APMD‐induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the inflammation regulation network of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, MAPKs and NF‐κB pathways were activated by APMD. Rat periodontal models confirmed that APMD induced alveolar bone resorption, increased inflammatory infiltrates, and degraded collagen fibers through RAGE and PI3K. APMD‐induced autophagy, G0/G1 arrest, pro‐inflammatory signals activating and periodontal destruction were reversed by RAGE knockdown while aggravated by PI3K inhibitor. This study provides the first evidence that APMD bind to RAGE to regulate autophagy and cell cycle of PDLCs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting periodontal destruction.
Realization of nitrite accumulation in an autotrophic‐heterotrophic denitrification system using different S/N/C ratios coupled with ANAMMOX to achieve nitrogen removal
Authors: Ma Jiao , Liu Hong , Dang Hongzhong , Wu Xinbo , Yan Yuan , Zeng Tianxu , Li Weiwei , Chen Yongzhi
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Nitrogen and sulfur pollutants have become an urgent problem in surface and groundwater. Short‐cut denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) is an economical and efficient biological nitrogen removal process. However, single heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic denitrification face the problems of high treatment cost and high secondary sulfate pollution, respectively. Moreover, in real environments, single nutrient conditions are less common. Therefore, this work aims to study the process of mixotrophic short‐cut denitrification coupled with ANAMMOX to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and sulfur removal.

RESULTS

Mixotrophic short‐cut denitrification was successfully initiated on day 20, while the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was 81.47%. The optimal performance of the mixotrophic denitrification system was achieved when the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen to carbon (S/N/C) was 3/4/9, with S2−‐S, NO3−‐N, and COD removal reaching 100%, 94.48%, and 95.48%, respectively, with a NAR of 94.24% and only 11.73 mg L−1 of SO42−‐S production. Modified Boltzmann and Gompertz models were found to be suitable to describe the removal of NO3−‐N, with both models exhibiting good data fitting (R2 > 0.99). In addition, no distinctly dominant genus was found in the mixotrophic denitrification systems. Autotrophic, heterotrophic, and facultative denitrifying bacteria (such as Thiobacillus Pseudomonas and Halomonas) were found to coexist and synergistically perform denitrification.

CONCLUSION

Mixotrophic short‐cut denitrification can achieve the efficient accumulation of NO2−‐N and reduce the amount of SO42−‐S production at the same time. Mixotrophic short‐cut denitrification coupled with ANAMMOX can deeply remove sulfide, nitrogen, and organic carbon. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is dental education meeting the oral health needs of older adults?
Authors: Thompson Lisa A. , Kaplish Shivangi , Park Sang E. , Chamut Steffany
Published: September 2022

The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of promoting oral health for the geriatric population and implementing change to address their complex oral and systemic health needs. Oral healthcare providers are unequipped to meet the demanding oral health needs of the aging population, resulting in a geriatric oral health crisis that needs immediate attention and action. Despite the advancements in geriatric education over the last two decades, the geriatric curriculum in 2022 is still inadequate, and varies greatly among different US dental schools for both pre‐ and postdoctoral programs. Predoctoral students are graduating without being sufficiently trained to identify and treat the dental issues of older adults due to lack of a purposely planned curriculum with balanced didactic and clinical exposure. It is critical to have a trained and competent workforce that meets the oral health needs of current and future older adults. To change the present environment, there is a need for curriculum redesign, faculty development, and training. In addition, more research to evaluate pre‐ and postdoctoral geriatric dentistry curricula, their impact on increasing access to care, and the likelihood of graduating dentists competent to treat functionally dependent and frail older adults is needed. Furthermore, decision‐makers in dental education, national dental organizations, and government institutions must support policies that integrate oral health into overall health through robust reimbursement mechanisms, including a dental benefit in Medicare, and recognition of geriatric dentistry as a specialty.
Perspectives on Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI): A call for oral health care policy
Authors: Swann Brian J. , Feimster Tawana D. , Young Deirdre D. , Chamut Steffany
Published: September 2022

Educational Institutions in the U.S. have responded to government policies that called for more inclusive educational systems. The goal is to reduce the oppression created by “racism” and enhance the environmental trajectory toward equity and justice. Although significant social and economic advances have been made, these have not been sustainable, and disparities remain. As educational systems have not kept pace with the demographics and economic trends, there is a call to action to affirm the need to establish policies that support diversity within pipeline pathways, faculty recruitment, and retention. Leveraging knowledge and networking across institutions with communities can transform academic cultures, reduce unconscious/implicit bias, and microaggression. As racism exists in every segment of our culture, building sustainable capacity and a system proportional to the populations' relative needs can help chart a direction forward for policies that support justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion among dental institutions.
LGBTQ+ and dental education: Analyzing the present and recommendations for the future
Authors: Haley Colin M. , Macri Diana , Perez Herminio L. , Schwartz Scott B.
Published: September 2022

LGBTQ+ populations constitute increasing proportions of children, adolescents, and adults in the United States. Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, this group suffers from health inequities, including oral health. The report “Oral Health: Advances and Challenges” identified the LGBTQ+ community as an underserved population which faces significant barriers in accessing oral health care. Coverage of LGBTQ+ topics in formal education settings in both dental schools and dental hygiene programs is scarce, which contributes to inequities within this group. Increasing curriculum content related to LGBTQ+ populations is of utmost importance to promote optimal patient‐provider interactions while improving oral health outcomes. Ensuring equity in oral health care provision will require deliberate, consistent efforts on the part of all stakeholders. Dental and allied dental education programs have made important strides in enhancing equity and inclusion in their institutions by engaging campus groups that support LGBTQ+ populations, creating mentorship programs, and collaborating with non‐profit advocacy groups. Such efforts have successfully empowered LGBTQ+ patients, providers, and allies who are committed to further closing the knowledge gap. Most of the research regarding LGBTQ+ inclusion efforts have been done in the medical arena and there is a void in the data available from the dental profession. To fill this void, recommendations are offered that institutions can easily implement to expand LGBTQ+ diversity and inclusion visibility.
GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar , Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes , Zapata-Zúñiga Martín , Mondragon-Marín Eduardo , Lara-Ramírez Edgar E , Ruíz-Carrillo Jose Luis , DelaCruz-Flores Paola Amayrani , Layseca-Espinosa Esther , Enciso-Moreno José Antonio , Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique
Published: September 2022

The rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory process occurs in the joints where immune cells are attracted into the synovium to promote remodeling and tissue damage. GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) located on chromosome 3 and has similarity in its sequence with chemokine receptors. Recent evidence indicates that GPR15 may be associated with modulation of the chronic inflammatory response. We evaluated the expression of GPR15 and GPR15L in blood and synovial tissue samples from RA patients, as well as to perform a functional migration assay in response to GPR15L. The expression of GPR15 and c10orf99/gpr15l mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Samples of synovial fluid and peripheral blood were analyzed for CD45+CD3+CD4+GPR15+ and CD45+CD3+CD8+GPR15+ T cell frequency comparing RA patients versus control subjects by flow cytometry. Migration assays were performed using PBMCs isolated from these individuals in response to the synthetic GPR15 ligand. Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis test, T-test, or Mann–Whitney U test, according to data distribution. A higher expression in the mRNA for GPR15 was identified in early RA subjects. The frequencies of CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in RA patients comparing with healthy subjects. Also, the frequency CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in synovial fluid of established RA patients comparing with OA patients. GPR15 and GPR15L are present in the synovial tissue of RA patients and GPR15L promotes migration of PBMCs from RA patients and healthy subjects. Our results suggest that GPR15/GPR15L have a pathogenic role in RA and their antagonizing could be a therapeutic approach in RA.
Preoperative MRI‐Based Radiomics of Brain Metastasis to Assess T790M Resistance Mutation After EGFR‐TKI Treatment in NSCLC
Authors: Fan Ying , He Lingzi , Yang Huazhe , Wang Yan , Su Juan , Hou Shaoping , Luo Yahong , Jiang Xiran
Published: September 2022

Background

Preoperative assessment of the acquired resistance T790M mutation in patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on brain metastasis (BM) is important for early treatment decisions.

Purpose

To investigate preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics for assessing T790M resistance mutation after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in NSCLC patients with BM.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

One hundred and ten primary NSCLC patients with pathologically confirmed BM and T790M mutation status assessment from two centers divided into primary training (N = 53), internal validation (N = 27), and external validation (N = 30) sets.

Field Strength/Sequence

Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1CE) and T2‐weighted (T2W) fast spin echo sequences at 3.0 T.

Assessment

Forty‐five (40.9%) patients were T790M‐positive and 65 (59.1%) patients were T790M‐negative. The tumor active area (TAA) and peritumoral edema area (POA) of BM were delineated on pre‐treatment T1CE and T2W images. Radiomics signatures were built based on features selected from TAA (RS‐TAA), POA (RS‐POA), and their combination (RS‐Com) to assess the T790M resistance mutation after EGFR‐TKI treatment.

Statistical Tests

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the capabilities of the developed RSs. The area under the ROC curves (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were generated as comparison metrics.

Results

We identified two features (from TAA) and three features (from POA) that are highly associated with the T790M mutation status. The developed RS‐TAA, RS‐POA, and RS‐Com showed good performance, with AUCs of 0.807, 0.807, and 0.864 in the internal validation, and 0.783, 0.814, and 0.860 in the external validation sets, respectively.

Data Conclusion

Pretreatment brain MRI of NSCLC patients with BM might effectively detect the T790M resistance mutation, with both TAA and POA having important values. The multi‐region combined radiomics signature may have potential to be a new biomarker for assessing T790M mutation.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Mechanism and management of atrial fibrillation in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Iwasaki Yu‐ki
Published: September 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although there has been an increase in the incidence of AF due to the aging population, it has been reported that OSA is still underdiagnosed because many patients remain asymptomatic or unaware of the symptoms associated with OSA, such as daytime sleepiness. Untreated OSA reduces the effectiveness of AF treatment, regardless of pharmacological or non‐pharmacological modes of therapy, such as catheter ablation. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that OSA pathophysiology is multifactorial, comprising of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, autonomic dysfunction, negative intrathoracic pressure changes, and arousals of OSA, and lead to AF. Both the acute and long‐term effects of obstructive apnea episodes are involved in the development of an arrhythmogenic substrate of AF. Undiagnosed OSA causes underutilized opportunities for more effective AF management. Therefore, it is important to screen for OSA in all patients being considered for rhythm control therapy. However, regardless of the growing evidence of the negative prognostic impact of OSA, there is a lack of awareness regarding this connection not only among patients but also among cardiologists and arrhythmia specialists. There is a barrier to performing a systemic screening for OSA in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to establish a comprehensive OSA care team for the efficient diagnosis and treatment of OSA. This review provides the current understanding of OSA and its relationship to AF and the importance of the diagnosis and management of OSA in AF.
Microwave‐assisted low‐cost synthesis of sucrose‐soya ester from vegetable oil refinery by‐product and its application in toothpaste formulation for oral hygiene
Authors: Rajput Yogeshsing N. , Girase Chetan D. , Kedar Rahul P. , Deshpande Priya S. , Kulkarni Ravindra D.
Published: September 2022

The major drawbacks of the sucrose ester (SE), in spite of being a green nonionic surfactant, are the difficulty of synthesis and higher cost. Distilled soya acid oil (DSAO) obtained as by‐product from a vegetable oil refinery was used for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (SAFAME). Microwave‐assisted method (680 watts system), which is greener and more efficient was used for the synthesis of SAFAME at 99.3% conversion using 2 wt% sulfuric acid catalyst within 30 min as well as for the synthesis of SE at 82.5% conversion using 5 wt% K2CO3 catalyst within 45 min. Both synthesis steps were monitored and characterized by using thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, 1H NMR, and FT‐IR. The surface tension of 1% aq. solution of SE was 29.58 mN m−1, while the interfacial tension of n‐heptane‐1% aq. solution was observed to be 3.29 mN m−1. The critical micelle concentration was 74.24 mg L−1. Foaming properties, emulsion stability, and wetting power were determined by using standard techniques. The SE was used for the development of desensitizing anticavity toothpaste formulation and the various properties were evaluated in comparison with the commercial toothpaste formulation available in the market. The results show that the partially renewable surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) can be replaced partially or fully with the biobased renewable SE surfactants in the various personal care formulations including toothpaste.
Development and Validation of a Point‐of‐Care‐Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment Tool
Authors: Dessie Almaz S. , Calhoun Aaron W. , Kanjanauptom Panida , Gilbert Gregory E. , Ekpenyong Atim , Lewiss Resa E. , Rabiner Joni E. , Tsze Daniel S. , Kessler David O.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We aimed to develop a standardized scoring tool to measure point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) image quality and to determine validity evidence for its use to assess lung ultrasound image quality.

Methods

The POCUS Image Quality (POCUS IQ) scale was developed by POCUS‐trained physicians to assess sonographers' image acquisition skills by evaluating image quality for any POCUS application. The scale was piloted using lung images of healthy standardized patients acquired by three expert sonographers compared to three novices before and after training. All images (experts, novices pre‐training, novices post‐training) were scored on the POCUS IQ scale by three blinded POCUS‐trained physicians. Reliability was assessed with fully‐crossed generalizability and decision studies. Validity was assessed using Messick's framework.

Results

Content validity was supported by the tool's development process of literature review, expert consensus, and pilot testing. Response process was supported by reviewer training and the blinded scoring process. Relation to other variables was supported by scores relating to sonographer experience: median expert score = 10.5/14 (IQR: 4), median novice pre‐training score = 6/14 (IQR: 2.25), and novices' improvement after training (median post‐training score = 12/14, IQR: 3.25). Internal structure was supported by internal consistency data (coefficient alpha = 0.84, omega coefficient = 0.91) and the generalizability study showing the main contributor to score variability was the sonographer (51%). The G‐coefficient was 0.89, suggesting very good internal structure, however, Gwet's AC2 was 0.5, indicating moderate interrater reliability. The D study projected a minimum of 1 reviewer and 2 patients are needed for good psychometric reliability.

Conclusions

The POCUS scale has good preliminary validity evidence as an assessment tool for lung POCUS image acquisition skills. Further studies are needed to demonstrate its utility for other POCUS applications and as a feedback tool for POCUS learners.
Brain Atrophy Is Substantially Accelerated in Neurological Wilson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Smolinski Lukasz , Ziemssen Tjalf , Akgun Katja , Antos Agnieszka , Skowrońska Marta , Kurkowska‐Jastrzębska Iwona , Członkowska Anna , Litwin Tomasz
Published: September 2022

Background

Although brain atrophy is common in neurological Wilson's disease, longitudinal studies are lacking.

Objective

The objective of this study was to measure longitudinal brain atrophy rate and to relate it to the change in neurological impairment in Wilson's disease.

Methods

We included patients with brain imaging done at diagnosis and at least 12 months later. The atrophy rate was measured as percentage change in ventricular volume, whereas the change in neurological impairment was scored on the Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale.

Results

Of 57 patients, 36 had neurological presentation, 17 had hepatic presentation, and 4 were presymptomatic. The annualized atrophy rate was significantly greater in patients with the neurological presentation than in other patients (P = 0.001). In the neurological presentation, the atrophy rate correlated with the change in impairment (rho = 0.39, P = 0.018) and was significantly greater in those with worsening after diagnosis than in those without worsening (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Brain atrophy rate appears as a promising marker of neurodegeneration in Wilson's disease. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Identification of a novel CACNA1F mutation in a Chinese family with CORDX3
Authors: Du Meng , Li Yang , Zheng Panpan , Zhong Liang , Zhao Weili , Zhang Yuxin , Gu Haiyan , Li Xue , Liu Zanchao
Published: September 2022

Background

X‐linked cone‐rod dystrophy (CORDX) is one form of inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) characterized by progressive dysfunction of photoreceptor. Three types of CORDX were reported and CACNA1F gene defect can cause CORDX3. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic variant in a Chinese family with IRD.

Methods

The two affected subjects including the proband and his elder sister underwent ophthalmic examinations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the proband at first, then co‐segregation analysis was performed in the family by Sanger sequencing. Minigene approach was used to verify the effect of the mutation on the splicing of CACNA1F. X‐chromosomal inactivation assay was performed to evaluate the inactivation patterns of the female carriers.

Results

The ophthalmic examination results of the proband fit the clinical description of CORDX3, and the female patient presented with only mild symptoms due to mildly skewed X‐chromosomal inactivation (ratio 67: 33). Molecular genetic testing identified a novel splice‐site mutation c.3847‐2A > G in CACNA1F (NM_005183.4) gene in the patients, which inherited from their asymptomatic mother. Minigene approach confirmed that c.3847‐2A > G could affect the splicing of CACNA1F.

Conclusion

Our study identified a novel splice‐site mutation in the CACNA1F gene, which expanded the mutational spectrum of CACNA1F‐releated diseases and demonstrated the importance of combining clinical and genetic testing in the diagnosis of IRDs.
Over the rainbow: Sexual minorities' bonding and bridging social capital and civic engagement
Authors: Lee Young‐joo
Published: September 2022

This study examines sexual minorities' participation in civic engagement using the theory of social capital. The analysis of the data from a US national survey shows that sexual minorities' bonding capital within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is positively associated with their civic engagement on LGBT issues, while it is negatively associated with their participation in activities addressing other social issues. Sexual minorities' bridging social capital as generalized trust is positively associated with their civic engagement for non‐LGBT issues, but it has no statistically significant relationship with their civic engagement on LGBT issues. Overall, the findings reveal that sexual minorities' civic engagement beyond LGBT activism is closely related to their generalized trust and reciprocity in society. These findings suggest that an organizational culture of non‐discrimination and equity will help create more diverse and inclusive philanthropy.
Nanoparticles positioning effect on properties of (PS‐PANI/NiNPs) nanocomposite films
Authors: Ahmad Mais Jamil A. , Telfah Ahmad , Al‐Bataineh Qais M. , Tavares Carlos J. , Hergenröder Roland
Published: September 2022

This work presents the effect of driven nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) towards the surface of (PS‐PANI)/NiNPs nanocomposite upon the application of a uniform magnetic field. The purpose is to obtain distinguishable optoelectronic and electrical properties. This process increases the surface roughness and its reactivity, and enables the tuning of the optical and electrical properties. Based on the results from X‐ray photoelectron and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopies, the magnetically‐driven NiNPs to the surface are oxidized, forming NiONPs and NiOHNPs. This oxidation effect transforms the surface from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state. In addition, the optical bandgap energy decreases from 4.04 to 3.77 eV, and the electrical conductivity increases from 12.77 μS/cm to 57.80 μS/cm and 77.52 μS/cm, for 50 and 100 mT magnetic fields, respectively, which is attributed to the well‐dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in the PS‐PANI polymer matrix, resulting in a high homogeneous nanocomposite film.
Complementarity of mental content and logistic algorithms in a taxonomy of cognitive functions
Authors: Zhao Chen , Enriquez Paloma , Izadifar Morteza , Pöppel Ernst , Bao Yan , Zabotkina Vera
Published: September 2022

It is maintained that a classification or taxonomy of functions is required to reflect cognitive functions. On the basis of the epistemological position of a pragmatic monism, it can be stated that cognitive functions are evolutionary products, and furthermore that their availability is dependent on the structural and operational integrity of neural modules and networks. Loss of functions as a consequence of local injuries or the disruption of neural networks can be used to develop a catalog of functions. The logic is as follows: the loss of a function is a proof of its existence. On a general level, two complementary domains of functions are distinguished in this taxonomy. The first domain consists of those functions that represent the content of subjective phenomena, such as percepts in different modalities, memories, emotions, volitions, intentions, or speech acts (the “what”). The second consists of those functions that make conscious content possible as a necessary condition, such as activation (being modulated for instance by the circadian rhythm), the temporal control of functions (on different time‐scales using distinct neural algorithms), or attentional mechanisms (for instance spatial attention under endogenous or exogenous control), and we refer to these functions as logistic functions (the “how”). Complementarity as a generative principle is a prime characteristic of this taxonomy with both content and logistic functions.
Controlled‐release alginate‐bentonite polymer gel granules of emamectin benzoate and control efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Caijun , Long Yujun , Liao Guohui , Chen Minggui , Qin Lixin , Chen Xiangyan , He Yongfu , Chen Zhuo
Published: September 2022

Background

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is known to cause large agricultural production losses. Emamectin benzoate is one of the most effective insecticides to control this pest; however, its effective time is not sufficiently long to control FAW. Therefore, it is important that new controlled insecticide formulations with new application methods are developed.

Results

A series of emamectin benzoate polymer gel granules were prepared with sizes ranging from 0.95 to 1.5 mm. As the bentonite content increased, the release rate decreased. The cumulative release process of emamectin benzoate mainly depends on the cracks in the surface of the granules, and the release rate can be described by non‐Fickian and Fickian diffusion, which are closely related to the water content. By spreading the developed polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, the control effect reached 83% after 21 days in field trials.

Conclusion

A novel polymer gel granule was developed that can effectively regulate emamectin benzoate release. By broadcasting polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, significant control efficacy against FAW can be obtained, and this could potentially be used for the effective control of FAW. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Green and Scalable Template‐Free Strategy to Fabricate Honeycomb‐Like Interconnected Porous Micro‐Sized Layered Sb for High‐Performance Potassium Storage
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhu Junlu , Yue Liguo , Wang Xinying , Wang Wei , Zheng Tongjun , Li Yunyong
Published: September 2022

The tremendous volume change and severe pulverization of micro‐sized Sb anode generate no stable capacity in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). The honeycomb‐like porous structure provides free spaces to accommodate its volume expansion and offers efficient ion transport, yet complex synthesis and low yield limits its large‐scale application. Here, a green, scalable template‐free method for designing a 3D honeycomb‐like interconnected porous micro‐sized Sb (porous‐Sb) is proposed. Its honeycomb‐like porous formation mechanism is also verified. Under hydrothermal conditions, Sb reacts with water and dissolved oxygen in water, undergoing non‐homogeneous and continuous corrosion at grain boundaries, and producing soluble H2Sb2O6 (H2O), which regulates the porous structure of Sb by controlling reaction time. Benefiting from its porous structure and micron size, porous‐Sb anode displays large gravimetric and volumetric capacities with 655.5 mAh g−1 and 2,001.9 mAh cm−3 at 0.05 A g−1 and superior rate performance of 441.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 in PIBs. Furthermore, ex situ characterization and kinetic analysis uncover the small volume expansion and fast K+ reaction kinetics of porous Sb during potassiation/depotassiation, originating from its large electrolyte contact area and internal expansion mechanism. It verifies a green, scalable template‐free strategy to construct honeycomb‐like porous metals for energy storage and conversion.
Postlesson affordance‐based reflective discussion in ELT classes
Authors: Nguyen Quang Nhat
Published: September 2022

This article points out the need for postlesson affordance‐based reflective discussions as the traditional outcome‐based approach does not allow high levels of reflection to take place. After introducing the iceberg of reflection, it proposes a theoretical ground for discussions on the premise of learning affordances. Identifying the learning opportunities and factors of inhibition, teachers can holistically assess their teaching practices and orient the direction of future lessons. The article also suggests that postlesson affordance‐based discussions should channel more diverse stakeholders with teacher–student discussions, peer discussions, and self‐discussions based on the four lenses of critical reflection. Teachers can also invite different stakeholders in a joint discussion so that different voices can triangulate and complement each other. Acknowledging the importance of differential learning and teaching, the author recommends how teachers can hold discussions in different classroom contexts to foster language emergence and empower learners.
Maximizing Small‐Group Reading Instruction
Authors: Conradi Smith Kristin , Amendum Steven J. , Williams Tamara W.
Published: September 2022

In this article, the authors revisit the common practice of small‐group reading instruction. They challenge the idea of grouping readers based on text levels and instead review supplemental intervention group research that suggests targeted skill practice as a more optimal use of time in small groups. They then present the ABCs—a focus on assessment, basics & books, and clarity in communication—as the central principles that should guide how we instruct reading in small groups.
Entropy variations and light ray operators from replica defects
Authors: Balakrishnan Srivatsan , Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Faulkner Thomas , Levine Adam , Shahbazi-Moghaddam Arvin
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We study the defect operator product expansion (OPE) of displacement operators in free and interacting conformal field theories using replica methods. We show that as n approaches 1 a contact term can emerge when the OPE contains defect operators of twist d − 2. For interacting theories and general states we give evidence that the only possibility is from the defect operator that becomes the stress tensor in the n → 1 limit. This implies that the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is always saturated for CFTs with a twist gap. As a check, we show independently that in a large class of near vacuum states, the second variation of the entanglement entropy is given by a simple correlation function of averaged null energy operators as studied by Hofman and Maldacena. This suggests that sub-leading terms in the defect OPE are controlled by a defect version of the spin-3 non-local light ray operator and we speculate about the possible origin of such a defect operator. For free theories this contribution condenses to a contact term that leads to violations of QNEC saturation.
Probing inside a charged hairy black hole in massive gravity
Authors: Mirjalali Mirmani , Mansoori Seyed Ali Hosseini , Shahkarami Leila , Rafiee Morteza
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the internal structure of a charged hairy black hole solution in the non-linear massive gravity. We first consider the impact of various configurations of massive gravity on the condensate operator and then probe the black hole interior dynamics. Like a standard holographic superconductor system, just below the critical temperature, the interior evolves through several distinct epochs, including a collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, Josephson oscillations of the scalar field, and finally a Kasner (or Kasner inversion) cosmology. However, for the large massive gravity parameter, we see distinguishing features for the interior dynamics. In this regime, at a given temperature, the Einstein-Rosen bridge collapse and subsequent Josephson oscillations epochs completely disappear from the interior dynamics and the final Kasner cosmology epoch starts exactly after the would-be inner horizon and the system does not experience the Kasner inversion epoch.
Multiplicity of Solutions for an Elliptic Kirchhoff Equation
Authors: Arcoya David , Carmona José , Martínez-Aparicio Pedro J.
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study the existence of positive solution to the Kirchhoff elliptic problem $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle -\left( 1+\gamma G'\left( \Vert \nabla u\Vert ^2_{L^2(\Omega )}\right) \right) \Delta u = \lambda f(u) &{} \text{ in } \; \Omega ,\\ u = 0 &{} \text{ on } \; \partial \Omega ,\\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

-

1
+
γ

G
′

‖
∇
u
‖

L
2

(
Ω
)

2

Δ
u
=
λ
f

(
u
)

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is an open, bounded subset of $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

($$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

), f is a locally Lipschitz continuous real function, $$f(0)\ge 0$$

f
(
0
)
≥
0

, $$G'\in C(\mathbb {R}^+)$$

G
′

∈
C

(

R

+

)

and $$G'\ge 0$$

G
′

≥
0

. We prove the existence of at least two solutions with $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

norm between two consecutive zeroes of f for large $$\lambda $$
λ
.
Signed (Group) Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange with Tight Security
Authors: Pan Jiaxin , Qian Chen , Ringerud Magnus
Published: September 2022

We propose the first tight security proof for the ordinary two-message signed Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocol in the random oracle model. Our proof is based on the strong computational Diffie–Hellman assumption and the multiuser security of a digital signature scheme. With our security proof, the signed DH protocol can be deployed with optimal parameters, independent of the number of users or sessions, without the need to compensate any security loss. We abstract our approach with a new notion called verifiable key exchange. In contrast to a known tight three-message variant of the signed Diffie–Hellman protocol (Gjøsteen and Jager, in: Shacham, Boldyreva (eds) CRYPTO 2018, Part II. LNCS, Springer, Heidelberg, 2018), we do not require any modification to the original protocol, and our tightness result is proven in the “Single-Bit-Guess” model which we know can be tightly composed with symmetric cryptographic primitives to establish a secure channel. Finally, we extend our approach to the group setting and construct the first tightly secure group authenticated key exchange protocol.
No advantage with navigated versus conventional mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty—10 year results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Farhan-Alanie Omer M. , Altell Tareq , O’Donnell Sinead , May Pauline , Doonan James , Rowe Philip , Jones Bryn , Blyth Mark J. G.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains a controversial area of surgical practice. The aim of this study is to report the ten-year revision rates and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) of a single-blinded, prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing electromagnetically (EM) navigated and conventional TKA.

Methods

199 patients were randomised to receive either EM navigated or conventional TKA where the aim of implantation was neutral mechanical alignment in all cases. Ten-year revision rates were collated and compared between the two intervention groups. Longitudinal PROMS data was collected prospectively at various time points up to 10 years post-operatively.

Results

Over the ten-year period, there were 23 deaths (22.8%) in the EM navigation cohort and 30 deaths (30.6%) in the conventional cohort. At 10 years post-operatively, there was no statistically significant difference in all cause revision between the EM navigation and conventional cohort (4.0 vs 6.1%, p = 0.429). When analysing causes of revision that might be influenced by utilising EM navigation, there was no statistically significant difference in revisions (3.0% EM navigated vs 4.1% conventional group, p = 0.591). Patients that received navigated TKAs had improved Oxford Knee Society, American Knee Society Score and range of motion at 3 months following surgery compared to conventional TKA (p = 0.002, p = 0.032, and p = 0.05, respectively). However, from 1 to 10 years post-operatively, both interventions had equivalent outcomes.

Conclusion

There is no difference in revision rates or clinical outcomes comparing EM navigated versus conventional TKA at ten-year follow-up. The expected mortality rate makes it unlikely that a difference in revision rates will reach statistical significance in the future. In the setting of an experienced knee arthroplasty surgeon, it is difficult to justify the additional costs of CAS in TKA surgery.

Level of evidence

I
Predicting future failure times by using quantile regression
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Buono Francesco
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the paper is to study how to predict the future failure times in a sample from the early failures (type II censored data). We consider both the case of independent and dependent lifetimes. In both cases we assume identically distributed random variables. To predict the future failures we use quantile regression techniques that also provide prediction regions for them. Some illustrative examples show how to apply the theoretical results to simulated and real data sets.
The Australian mixed-mode observing program
Authors: McCallum Lucia , Chin Chuan Lim , Krásná Hana , McCallum Jamie , Böhm Johannes , McCarthy Tiege , Gruber Jakob , Schartner Matthias , Quick Jonathan , Rogers Axl
Published: September 2022

Global geodetic VLBI is upgrading to its next-generation observing system, VGOS. This upgrade has turned out to be a process over multiple years, until VGOS reaches its full capabilities with the envisaged continuous observations. Until then, for the Australian stations, the upgrade means ceasing their legacy S/X observations, leaving a large gap in the global network as well as in the station time series. The Australian mixed-mode observing program is a series of sessions where the VGOS stations in Hobart and Katherine observe legacy S/X VLBI together with other stations in the region. This paper describes the technical details of these observations and their processing strategies and discusses their suitability for geodetic results by comparison with those of standard legacy S/X sessions. The presented mixed-mode sessions allow a continuation of the station time series, a benefit for the stations themselves as well as for future realisations of the terrestrial and celestial reference frames. A novel mode of observing is introduced and tested. The results are promising and it is suggested for acceptance into standard legacy S/X IVS observations, overcoming current gaps in the network due to VGOS upgrades and preventing a worsening of global results otherwise.
Long-term changes in adult size of green turtles at Aldabra Atoll and implications for clutch size, sexual dimorphism and growth rates
Authors: Mortimer Jeanne A. , Appoo Jennifer , Bautil Bruno , Betts Michael , Burt April J. , Chapman Roselle , Currie Jock C. , Doak Naomi , Esteban Nicole , Liljevik Anna , Mahoune Jourdan Terence , Onezia Catherina , Pistorius Pierre , Richards Heather , Samedi Uzice , Sanchez Cheryl L. , Seabrook Wendy , Underwood Alex , van de Crommenacker Janske , von Brandis Rainer , Hays Graeme C.
Published: September 2022

Around the world, declines in the mean size of nesting sea turtles have been reported with concerns of a concomitant decrease in the reproductive output of populations. Here, we explore this possibility using long-term observations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles. Based on > 4500 individual measurements over 21 years (1996–2016), we found the curved carapace length of nesting females declined by about 0.64 cm per decade, from 111.43 to 110.08 cm. For 391 individuals that were measured more than once with measurement interval of 2.8–19 years apart, the mean growth rate was 0.14 cm year−1. Comparisons between the size of adult females and males were based on 23 and 14 weight measurements, 107 and 33 carapace length measurements and 103 and 33 carapace width measurements, respectively, taken during 1981–1983. Adult females were larger than males, with the sexual dimorphism index, i.e. the ratio of size of the larger sex to the smaller, being 1.09 and 1.10 for carapace length and width, respectively, and 1.25 for weight. Smaller females tended to lay fewer eggs per clutch but the decrease in female mean size was accompanied by increases in numbers of turtles nesting annually, such that the estimated total numbers of eggs per year increased from 1.3 million to 2.0 million between 1996 and 2016. Therefore, a decrease in mean size of nesting females has not compromised egg production for this population.
Identification of polyketide synthase genes required for aspinolide biosynthesis in Trichoderma arundinaceum
Authors: Cardoza Rosa E. , McCormick Susan P. , Izquierdo-Bueno Inmaculada , Martínez-Reyes Natalia , Lindo Laura , Brown Daren W. , Collado Isidro G. , Proctor Robert H. , Gutiérrez Santiago
Published: September 2022

The fungusTrichoderma arundinaceumexhibits biological control activity against crop diseases caused by other fungi. Two mechanisms that likely contribute to this activity are upregulation of plant defenses and production of two types of antifungal secondary metabolites: the sesquiterpenoid harzianum A (HA) and the polyketide-derived aspinolides. The goal of the current study was to identify aspinolide biosynthetic genes as part of an effort to understand how these metabolites contribute to the biological control activity ofT. arundinaceum. Comparative genomics identified two polyketide synthase genes (asp1andasp2) that occur inT. arundinaceumandAspergillus ochraceus, which also produces aspinolides. Gene deletion and biochemical analyses inT. arundinaceumindicated that both genes are required for aspinolide production:asp2for formation of a 10-member lactone ring andasp1for formation of a butenoyl subsituent at position 8 of the lactone ring. Gene expression and comparative genomics analyses indicated thatasp1andasp2are located within a gene cluster that occurs in bothT. arundinaceumandA. ochraceus. A survey of genome sequences representing 35 phylogenetically diverseTrichodermaspecies revealed that intact homologs of the cluster occurred in only two other species, which also produced aspinolides. Anasp2mutant inhibited fungal growth more than the wild type, but anasp1mutant did not, and the greater inhibition by theasp2mutant coincided with increased HA production. These findings indicate thatasp1andasp2are aspinolide biosynthetic genes and that loss of either aspinolide or HA production inT. arundinaceumcan be accompanied by increased production of the other metabolite(s).

Key points

•Two polyketide synthase genes are required for aspinolide biosynthesis.

•Blocking aspinolide production increases production of the terpenoid harzianum A.

•Aspinolides and harzianum A act redundantly in antibiosis of T. arundinaceum.
How Effective is the Use of Molecular Testing in Preoperative Decision Making for Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Steinmetz David , Kim Mary , Choi Jee‐Hye , Yeager Tamanie , Samuel Krupa , Khajoueinejad Nazanin , Buseck Alison , Imtiaz Sayed , Fernandez‐Ranvier Gustavo , Lee Denise , Owen Randall , Taye Aida
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We performed Thyroseq v2 molecular testing on indeterminate thyroid nodules and evaluated whether they underwent a management change from the standard of thyroid lobectomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of all indeterminate thyroid nodules that underwent Thyroseq v2 molecular testing from 2014 to 2019 at a large academic center. Pathology was reviewed by thyroid cytopathologists. Thyroseq results were reported benign (malignancy probability less than 10%) or suspicious (malignancy probability greater than 30%). The primary endpoint was a management change from a diagnostic lobectomy.

Results

A total of 142 nodules were included: 113 (80%) Bethesda III and 29 (20%) Bethesda IV. Seventy‐three nodules underwent surgical management and 69 did not. We noted a change in management in 64% (91/142) of nodules. Patients who underwent a change in management to no surgery had a significantly higher rate of benign Thyroseq result than those without a change (75.8% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.001). On logistic regression analysis, a benign Thyroseq result was a positive independent predictor of a change to no surgery (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.69–8.89). Nodule size, multiple nodules, compressive symptoms, and history of hypothyroidism were not significant. Of the 91 patients who underwent a management change, 71% (65/91) did not undergo surgery. On follow‐up (average 985 ± 615 days), 12% (8/65) of those nodules were growing or developed suspicious features requiring surgery.

Conclusions

Molecular testing helped avoid surgery in almost half our population with indeterminate thyroid nodules, and benign results may help avoid surgery in asymptomatic patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.