bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report on an Uncommon Complication Following the Extraction of Maxillary Molars: A Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Authors: Mandapati Surendra Reddy , Kotha Anusha , Rudraraju Hemanth
Published: November 2024

Background

This case report presents a complication, subconjunctival hemorrhage, after extraction of maxillary first and second molar residual roots. This is a very rare complication, with only four reported cases of sub-conjunctival hemorrhage in the literature.

Case Presentation

In this case report, a 62-year-old woman who had an extraction of maxillary first and second molar residual roots developed sub-conjunctival hemorrhage the day after the extraction. The condition was asymptomatic, and the hemorrhage dispersed in five days without any medical intervention except regular monitoring.

Conclusion

Clinicians should keep this rare complication in mind and take necessary precautions during local anesthesia and extraction.

Practical Implications

Clinicians should consider the possibility of this post-operative complication and perform surgical procedures with the utmost care, starting from aspiration during local anesthetic injection to post-surgical management of the area to prevent hemorrhage.
Role and Impact of Method Noise on CT Image Denoising
Authors: Katta Swapna , Garg Deepak , Singh Prabhishek , Ravi Vinayakumar
Published: November 2024

Background

The main emphasis of this study is on the medical Computed Tomography (CT) imaging denoising technique, which plays a major role in interpreting patient illness information for medical diagnosis. CT imaging is indispensable for accurate disease diagnosis, but image quality is affected by noise and other artifacts. The primary objective is to improve the accuracy of denoising algorithms, which consequently increases early disease prediction and enhances the accuracy of diagnostic outcomes.

Objective

The major objective was to examine the performance of method noise-based Low-dose CT (LDCT) image denoising technique using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in medical imaging. This method aims to suppress noise, improve image quality, and effectively minimize radiation exposure. This method enhances the accuracy of the denoising algorithm, enabling more precise disease diagnosis. Method noise, or residual noise, plays a major role in denoising CT images while preserving fine details and minimizing other artifacts generated during the denoising process. Method noise includes the omitted structural features and other minute artifacts, which are resolved through CNN-based denoising techniques. This approach elevates the overall imaging quality and clarity, resulting in better diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

The study includes a systematic, method noise-based approach to determine the performance of denoising algorithms in diagnosing various diseases from medical CT images that are often affected by Gaussian noise. It involves selecting a comprehensive dataset, applying a method noise approach using CNN, and evaluating the outcomes through quantitative measures, such as PSNR, SNR, and SSIM. This comparison aims to assess diagnostic interpretation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficacy of the method noise-based technique in CT medical imaging.

Results

The results illustrate the differential accuracy and performance of CT image denoising techniques when compared to standard filtering methods, as well as after the application of method noise-based denoising techniques. Implementing quantitative measures, such as PSNR, SNR, and SSIM, aims to improve healthcare diagnostics.

Conclusion

The study concludes that method noise-based CT image denoising algorithms effectively mitigate noise and artifacts while retaining the corners, contours, and precise details of CT images, subsequently improving the efficiency and accuracy of predicting diagnostic results.
What Do We Mean by ‘Representation’? Towards a Systematic Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of First Nations People(s) in Australian Print News
Authors: Bray Carly
Published: November 2024

Given the enduring influence of news media on public awareness and opinion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people(s) and related issues, systematic analysis of how these communities are represented in news media remains socially significant. However, what analysts mean when they use the term ‘representation’ shows considerable variation across the literature, from the amount of coverage relevant stories are afforded, to the inclusion of First Nations sources, to the narratives that a given version of events constructs. Moreover, while language is central to the discursive construction of these matters, few linguistic studies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander media representations exist. To begin to address these gaps, this study first maps the forms of representation identified in previous research, before analysing three of the four types (visibility, naming strategies and portrayal) via a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of news articles about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people(s) and issues. It finds that, by and large, how First Nations people(s) are represented is inconsistent—while in some areas, representation broadly aligns with expectations expressed by First Nations communities (i.e. for increased coverage, respectful terms of reference and strengths-based discourses), problematic practices persist. Importantly, however, the analysis also illuminates a range of journalistic practices that can be implemented to improve representation in areas currently lacking.
Nurturing soft skills and metacognition awareness through STEAM projectbased learning: A comprehensive need analysis
Authors:   Physics Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Nasir Muhammad , Othman Mohamad Khairi Bin Haji ,   School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia, Nastiti Luvia Ranggi ,   Physics Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Annovasho Jhelang ,   Physics Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Putri Vera Norfianti ,   Physics Education, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

This study systematically analyzes educational literature using VOSviewer to explore the potential of developing STEAM Project-Based Learning (STEAMPjBL) for fostering soft skills and metacognitive awareness. Following the VOSviewer analysis, a needs survey was conducted with 36 lecturers and 232 students from Indonesia and Malaysia. This research uses a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. Findings indicate a strong potential for STEAMPjBL to enhance students' soft skills and metacognitive awareness. Lecturer survey results highlight significant potential for STEAMPjBL development through collaborative networks among lecturers and institutions. Although most students were unfamiliar with STEAMPjBL, they expressed interest in using it in both classroom and extracurricular STEAM projects. From both the literature review and survey perspectives, the development of STEAMPjBL to promote soft skills and metacognitive awareness is essential.
A Phase I/II Randomized Trial of Higher Dose mRNA-1273 Boosters in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Shino Michael Y. , Ibarrondo Francisco Javier , Clark Jesse L. , Rivera Adreanne , Florian Marlene , Ramsey Allison , Derhovanessian Ariss , Saggar Rajan , Amubieya Olawale O. , Turner Grant , Schaenman Joanna M. , Gaynor Pryce T. , Beaird Omer E. , Multani Ashrit , Biniwale Reshma M. , Kwon Murray H. , Petropoulos Christos J. , Lie Yolanda , Wrin Terri , Figueroa Amparo L. , Leav Brett , Endale Zelalem , Anteyi Kate , Miller Jacqueline M. , Ardehali Abbas , Sayah David M. , Elashoff David , Belperio John A. , Yang Otto O. , Weigt S. Sam
Published: November 2024

Higher-dose mRNA booster vaccines have not been well studied for transplant recipients. This study evaluated the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of higher dose mRNA-1273 booster vaccines among lung transplant recipients (LTRs). This phase 1/2 open-label randomized clinical trial of higher-dose mRNA-1273 booster vaccination enrolled nineteen adult LTRs into the 50 ug (n=8) vs. 100 ug (n=11) groups before enrollment was terminated due to the availability of the bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine. Local and systemic reactogenicity was predominantly mild or moderate in severity for both dose groups, mostly limited to pain at the injection site, fatigue and headache. Humoral and cellular immune responses were weak. Overall, 75% and 64% of the 50 ug and 100 ug groups had detectable neutralizing antibodies on Day 30 (vs. 63% and 55% on Day 1), respectively. On Day 30, 50% and 55% had detectable spike-specific CD4+ IFN responses (vs. 29% and 36% on Day 1), and 50% and 36% had detectable CD8+ IFN responses (vs. 29% and 45% on Day 1) for the two groups, respectively. LTRs have reactogenicity and immune responses that are attenuated compared with the non-immunocompromised population. Administration of higher doses in solid organ transplant patients may be warranted. Clinical trial NCT05280158.
Usefulness of Automatic Speech Recognition Assessment of Children With Speech Sound Disorders: Validation Study
Authors: Kim Do Hyung , Jeong Joo Won , Kang Dayoung , Ahn Taekyung , Hong Yeonjung , Im Younggon , Kim Jaewon , Kim Min Jung , Jang Dae-Hyun
Published: November 2024

Background

Speech sound disorders (SSDs) are common communication challenges in children, typically assessed by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) using standardized tools. However, traditional evaluation methods are time-intensive and prone to variability, raising concerns about reliability.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the evaluation outcomes of SLPs and an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model using two standardized SSD assessments in South Korea, evaluating the ASR model’s performance.

Methods

A fine-tuned wav2vec 2.0 XLS-R model, pretrained on 436,000 hours of adult voice data spanning 128 languages, was used. The model was further trained on 93.6 minutes of children’s voices with articulation errors to improve error detection. Participants included children referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at a general hospital in Incheon, South Korea, from August 19, 2022, to June 14, 2023. Two standardized assessments—the Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC) and the Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology (U-TAP)—were used, with ASR transcriptions compared to SLP transcriptions.

Results

This study included 30 children aged 3-7 years who were suspected of having SSDs. The phoneme error rates for the APAC and U-TAP were 8.42% (457/5430) and 8.91% (402/4514), respectively, indicating discrepancies between the ASR model and SLP transcriptions across all phonemes. Consonant error rates were 10.58% (327/3090) and 11.86% (331/2790) for the APAC and U-TAP, respectively. On average, there were 2.60 (SD 1.54) and 3.07 (SD 1.39) discrepancies per child for correctly produced phonemes, and 7.87 (SD 3.66) and 7.57 (SD 4.85) discrepancies per child for incorrectly produced phonemes, based on the APAC and U-TAP, respectively. The correlation between SLPs and the ASR model in terms of the percentage of consonants correct was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.984 (95% CI 0.953-0.994) and 0.978 (95% CI 0.941-0.990) for the APAC and UTAP, respectively. The z scores between SLPs and ASR showed more pronounced differences with the APAC than the U-TAP, with 8 individuals showing discrepancies in the APAC compared to 2 in the U-TAP.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the potential of the ASR model in assessing children with SSDs. However, its performance varied based on phoneme or word characteristics, highlighting areas for refinement. Future research should include more diverse speech samples, clinical settings, and speech data to strengthen the model’s refinement and ensure broader clinical applicability.
ENHANCING TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE NSAIDS: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES
Authors: SHARMA PRACHI , AGGARWAL ASHISH , TANDON SHUBHAM
Published: November 2024

Transdermal drug delivery offers significant advantages for administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-complementary drugs, particularly those with poor water solubility. This delivery route bypasses first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation, enhancing bioavailability and patient compliance. However, the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, poses a formidable barrier to drug permeation. To address this challenge, several innovative strategies have been developed to improve the transdermal delivery of these poorly soluble drugs.
Chemical enhancers, such as alcohols, fatty acids, and surfactants, can disrupt the lipid structure of the stratum corneum, increasing drug solubility and permeability. Nanoformulations, including liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, enhance drug solubility, provide protection against degradation, and facilitate controlled release with deeper skin penetration. Prodrugs, designed to convert into the active drug within the skin, can improve solubility and permeability. Physical methods like microneedles, iontophoresis, and phonophoresis create micropores or use electrical and ultrasound waves to enhance permeation without compromising skin integrity.
Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with drugs, boosting solubility and stability. Hydrogels and polymer-based formulations create a moist environment for sustained drug release and better absorption. Co-solvents and surfactants, such as ethanol and DMSO, further enhance solubility and disrupt the stratum corneum to facilitate drug penetration. Electroporation and thermal ablation transiently disrupt the skin barrier, significantly improving drug permeation.
These strategies, individually or in combination, hold promise for optimizing the transdermal delivery of poorly water-soluble NSAIDs and anticomplementary drugs, ensuring effective therapeutic outcomes and improved patient compliance.
STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER SPECIES IN VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIAE CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, VISAKHAPATNAM
Authors: RANI MATTAM SUNEETHA , VANI THAMMINA MEHER SRI SAI SUDHA , SAILAJA B. S. G.
Published: November 2024

Objective: Acinetobacter sps are important oppurtunistic pathogens with their significance in colonising and persistent biofilm production capabilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sps in ventilator-associated pneumoniae cases in a tertiary care hospital Visakhapatnam.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 328 endotracheal aspirate samples received in Clinical Laboratory, Department of Microbiology for a period of 1 y, from June 2023 to June 2024, in mechanical ventilated cases, admitted in intensive care units, in a tertiary care hospital, Visakhapatnam.
Results: Out of 328 samples received, 42 (12.8%) were Acinetobacter isolates with resistance to Aminoglycosides (66.7%), Cephalosporins (57.1%), Quinolones (52.4%), Carbapenems (42.9%). Biofilm production was identified in 31 isolates (73.8%) by Congo Red Agar method in this study.
Conclusion: The potential ability of Acinetobacter sps to form biofilms and antibiotic selective pressure leading to emergence of resistant clones is directly proportional to the injudicious use of antibiotics. There is a strict need of antibiotic stewardship measures in intensive care units to restrict development of pan-resistant strains.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN DRY NEEDLING AND KINETIC CHAIN ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE WITH SPECIFIED EXERCISE PROGRAMME IN PAINFUL ARC SYNDROME
Authors: ARORA ABHISHEK , KHAN JAFAR , ANAMALAI K. M. , VYAS KAPIL
Published: November 2024

Objective: Many researcher have reported that painful arc syndrome arises from multiple lesion i. e. minor tear of supraspinatus tendon, supraspinatus tendinitis, calcified deposit in the supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursitis, crack fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus and bicipital tenosynovitis. In this study, dry needling and KCAT technique with specific exercise programme has been done to reduce pain and improve functioning and their by prevent shoulder pathologies. The objective of the study is. 1) To evaluate the effectiveness of kinetic chain activation in painful arc syndrome. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling therapy in painful arc syndrome. 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of a specific exercise program.
Methods: 50 patient diagnosed with painful arc syndrome by the physiotherapy department orthopedic department OPD will be initially assessed for the inclusion or exclusion criteria. prior to the treatment procedure patients are oriented to the study and taken informed consent, patient is divided in to two groups(Group A and Group B) and both groups will be assessed for the pre-test parameter.
Outcome measure – shoulder pain and disability scale and goniometry is used for measuring pre-test and post-test.
Results: The study was significant in reducing pain level and improving function with the pretest. At the end of 6 w treatment program with, both group A (dry needling) and group B(KCAT) showed improvement in painful arc syndrome. Based on results, the study supports research hypothesis that there was a significant improvement in ROM and significant reduction in SPADI score associated with painful arc syndrome. Patient participated in group B shows more significant changes.
Conclusion: The study showed that significant improvement in symptoms of group B as compared to group A from the initial level to week 6. At the end of 6 w training programme both group A and group B Shows improvements in symptoms but the result of study supports that group B (KCAT CONCEPT-finger fanning technique) B is more efficient compare to group A(dry needling).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DYNAMIC NECK EXERCISE VERSUS ISOMETRIC NECK EXERCISES WITH THERABAND IN CHRONIC NECK PAIN
Authors: CHOUDHARY RINKU , KHAN JAFAR , PAL RENUKA , KAPOOR SHILPI
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the efficacy of dynamic neck exercises versus isometric neck exercises with theraband in chronic neck pain
Methods: 60 patients with chronic neck pain selected as per the inclusion criteria; all the conditions in exclusion criteria was excluded. By dividing them into group A (n =30) (treated with dynamic neck exercise), group B (n=30) (treated with isometric neck exercise with theraband).
Results: After screening of the 60 patients for study eligibility, a total of 30 patients were included for analysis, of whom 30 were in the control group A (Dynamic neck exercise with theraband) and 30 were in group B (Isometric neck exercise with theraband) Analysis pre-test and post-test score within and between the values of groups are tabulated with intervention of the result of the study. Group B showed significant change in ROM and Neck pain.
Conclusion: Isometric Exercise is very well known for its pain reliving and long-lasting properties, but variability of techniques make it difficult to document but Theraband is known to provide consistency in training whilst preventing fatigue. Hence, patients in group B (treated with Theraband) showed decrease in VAS (Visual Analog Score) and NDI (Neck Disability Index) scores, which prove that isometric with theraband is better in treating Chronic Neck Pain.
INCREASED COST BURDEN ON PATIENTS OF MENTAL DISORDERS CORRELATED WITH POOR MEDICATION ADHERENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: KUMAR ASHISH , HALDER SUMITA , SRIVASTAVA SHRUTI , GUPTA RACHNA
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the correlation between cost borne by the patient and medication adherence in common mental disorder patients during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional drug utilization study was undertaken in 200 patients. Pattern of psychotropic drugs usage was analyzed as per WHO/INRUD guidelines and average monthly cost borne by the patient/hospital per prescription was correlated with medication adherence of the patients.
Results: The average monthly costs borne by patients and hospital were observed to be more during the pandemic as compared to pre-pandemic time. It was observed that patients bearing some cost on their own had significantly lower medication adherence compared to those patients whose cost of treatment was borne by the government-funded hospital (p-value of 0.017). The medication adherence in patients of mental disorders was found to be negatively correlated to the cost was borne by the patients.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the total cost borne by the patients as well as the financial burden on government-funded hospitals.
POORLY DIFFERENTIATED CLUSTERS IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS INCLUDING TUMOUR BUDDING
Authors: MISHRA PRAGNYA PARAMITA , PANIGRAHI RAKESH , HOTA SMRUTI RANJAN , NAGPAL VAISHALI
Published: November 2024

Objective: In India, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks third in terms of cancer incidence. Pathologists are essential when it comes to determining the stage, examining surgical margins, and recording the histopathologic prognostic factors. A new prognostic grading system is proposed named poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs), which are defined by neoplastic clusters of 5 cells lacking glandular structure in the invasive front of the stroma. It is significant for cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival in CRC patients, reflecting the biological aggressiveness of the tumor. Aim of the study was to analyse of PDCs in colorectal carcinomas and association with other histopathological prognostic factors.
Methods: The Hematoxylin and Eosin (HandE)-stained slides of 76 histopathologically diagnosed CRC resection specimens were reviewed. Poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) were assessed into under 200x power. The correlation of PDC with other histopathological prognostic parameters like tumor size, site, grade, laterality, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, T stage, N stage, and tumor budding was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test with SPSS version 26.0.
Results: There was no significant association between PDC and age, tumor location, tumor size, histological grade, LVI, PNI, or lymphnode status. Where a significant association was noted between the sex and PDC grade (P value = 0.035), T stage and PDC grade (P value = 0.045), and N stage and PDC grade is significant (P value = 0.001).
Conclusion: PDCs may be considered, along with other clinical-pathological parameters, a promising prognostic factor for the management of patients with CRC and should be included in pathological reports, but it still needs standardization and further validation. At the same time, tumor budding can become an irreplaceable histological indicator for identifying a high malignant potential carcinoma and poor prognosis in CRCS, thus indicating the need for aggressive postoperative management to improve the prognosis of the patient. PDC is important for the survival of CRC patients, indicating the aggressiveness of the tumor both in terms of cancer-specific survival and freedom from recurrence. PDC may help to identify patients who need a more intensive postoperative follow-up and the possibility of adjuvant therapy.
A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL DRUG UTILIZATION STUDY IN THE DERMATOLOGY OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, NANDYAL, ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: NAIK PUJARI SREENIVASULU , KANDRA NAGA VISHNU , BAI K. SANTHA
Published: November 2024

Objective: The data regarding drug utilization in dermatology departments of southern parts of India is limited. Recent studies on drug utilization in dermatology across India, reported high prescription of branded drugs, low adoption of essential drugs and polypharmacy. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the drug utilization pattern for common skin diseases as per WHO prescribing indicators.
Methods: This study was done in the Out-patient department (OPD) of dermatology at Government General Hospital (GGH), Nandyal, in collaboration with department of Pharmacology for a period of 4 mo and Institutional ethical committee (IEC) permission was taken before conducting the study.
Results: A total number of 344 prescriptions were analyzed. Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.5 (including Fixed drug combination (FDC) drugs). Total number of drugs accounted to 860. Majority of prescriptions have 3 drugs per prescription (57.1%) and only 8.7% of prescriptions have more than 3 drugs per prescription. Analyzed data as per World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators indicate 74% of prescribed drugs were from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM), 2.5% were FDC drugs and 13.14% of the drugs prescribed were antibiotics. Polypharmacy was noted to be only 0.7% in the study.
Conclusion: A periodic audit of prescriptions will reduce errors and motivate the health care professionals for rational drug use. Special consideration is to be given to extended public health initiatives to prevent skin infections because they account for about 70% of diseases in daily life.
CASE SERIES: CHALLENGES AND OUTCOMES OF TLIF PROCEDURES IN A PERIPHERAL HOSPITAL IN BHARATPUR, RAJASTHAN
Authors: BANSAL PUNEET , JOSHI SHIFALI , INDOLIYA RAJ KUMAR
Published: November 2024

Objective: Chronic back pain, particularly from degenerative spinal conditions, significantly impacts patient quality of life, especially in regions with limited healthcare resources, such as rural Rajasthan. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) has been recognized for its efficacy in treating severe spinal degeneration and instability. This case series examines the application of TLIF in a peripheral hospital setting, assessing its challenges and outcomes in such environments.
Methods: This study included three patients aged 34 to 75, who underwent TLIF at a peripheral hospital in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, from February to July 2024. Detailed preoperative and postoperative evaluations were conducted, focusing on pain levels and functional mobility. Follow-ups were performed at the first, second, and fourth weeks post-surgery to monitor recovery and assess surgical success.
Results: All patients reported significant improvements in pain and mobility by the first-month follow-up. The 34 y old female experienced complete pain relief and returned to full activities by four weeks. The 75 y old female and 65 y old male also showed considerable improvements in pain and function, with no severe complications noted during or after surgery.
Conclusion: TLIF can be effectively implemented in peripheral hospital settings with outcomes comparable to those in higher-resource environments. This case series demonstrates the feasibility and significant benefits of advanced spinal surgeries in resource-limited settings, highlighting the potential for expanding such sophisticated interventions to improve healthcare accessibility and patient outcomes in rural areas.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON ADHERENCE TO ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: NARWAT ARVIND , GOYAL ABHINAV , BHATI RAHUL
Published: November 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world and one of the main reason for this is poor adherence to oral anti-diabetic drugs, which can lead to therapy failure and increase risk of complications. So we planned this systematic review with an aim to get an adherence estimation to oral anti-diabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for which a literature search was performed in pubmed, Google Scholar, scopus, and central databases to find observational studies on therapeutic adherence in users of oral anti-diabetic drugs. Our analyses showed that adherence rate to oral anti-diabetic drugs therapy ranged from 23 to 90%. This review confirms that many patients for whom diabetes medication was prescribed were poor compliers with treatment of oral anti-diabetic drugs.
SARCINA VENTRICULI-RELATED GASTRITIS: A RARE CASE OF GASTRIC INFECTION IN A PATIENT WITH DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING
Authors: KUMARI PRIYA , DASH MONICA , MOHAPATRA PRADEEP KUMAR
Published: November 2024

Sarcina ventriculi (SV), which is also called Clostridium ventriculi, is a rare, non-motile, aerobic, Gram-positive coccus that breaks down carbohydrates through fermentation. It thrives in acidic environments, making the human stomach a suitable habitat, particularly in conditions associated with gastric stasis. SV belongs to the Clostridiaceae family. Recent studies have implicated Sarcina ventriculi in severe gastrointestinal conditions, including emphysematous gastritis, pyloric stenosis, gastroparesis, gastric outlet obstruction, gastric perforation, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Increased awareness of this organism and further studies are essential to understanding its role in human disease.
STUDY OF HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, VISAKHAPATNAM
Authors: SUDHA VANI THAMMINA MEHER SRI SAI
Published: November 2024

Objective: Prevalence of leptospirosis in humans is found in an alarming number in recent times. This endemic zoonotic disease is widespread and potentially fatal. It is usually seen in areas with poor socioeconomic conditions, water stagnation, garbage accumulation, which becomes breeding sites for the rodents. Infection may turn epidemic during monsoon. Reservoir of infection is rat scientifically named as Rattus rattus and infection results from direct or indirect exposure to host animals that carry the pathogen in their renal tubules and shed pathogenic leptospires in their urine. The main objective of this study was to estimate the seropositivity of leptospirosis in patients presenting with undifferentiated acute febrile illness for 5 to 7 days during one year period from February 2023 to February 2024 in a tertiary care hospital, Visakhapatnam, India.
Methods: A total of 279 blood samples received from suspected cases of leptospirosis were subjected to IgM ELISA.
Results: Out of total 279 cases, 20 were positive for leptospirosis (OD ratio ≥1.00). All the positive cases presented with a fever more than 99.5°F, chills and headache with elevated serum procalcitonin levels. Peak incidence of cases was recorded during July and August 2023.
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in this study was found to be 7.2%.
CORRELATION OF LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN LEVELS WITH METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILES IN PCOS PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH NORMAL CONTROLS
Authors: SURYAPANI ANJU , UNIYAL SHRUTI MOHAN
Published: November 2024

Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, including insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Leptin and adiponectin, two adipokines involved in metabolic regulation, are known to be dysregulated in PCOS. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leptin and adiponectin levels and their association with metabolic and hormonal profiles in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted involving 120 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 healthy controls. Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (ALR) was calculated, and correlations with BMI, LH/FSH ratio, and other metabolic parameters were analyzed. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls (25.34 ng/ml vs. 11.16 ng/ml, p<0.0001), while adiponectin levels were significantly lower (2.93 mcg/ml vs. 21.44 mcg/ml, p<0.0001). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio was markedly reduced in PCOS patients (0.13 vs. 2.05, p<0.0001). A significant correlation was observed between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.2138, p = 0.019).
Conclusion: This study highlights the dysregulation of leptin and adiponectin in PCOS, suggesting their potential role in metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio emerges as a promising biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic risk in PCOS patients.
PREDICTIVE MARKERS FOR ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: INSIGHTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ON MATERNAL FACTORS, BIOMARKERS, AND UTERINE ARTERY DOPPLER RESULTS
Authors: SURYAPANI ANJU , UNIYAL SHRUTI MOHAN
Published: November 2024

Objective: Effective prediction tools are necessary for better outcomes when it comes to pregnancy-related complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and premature birth. In order to improve early risk diagnosis and treatment, this study investigates relationships between maternal variables, first-trimester biomarkers, and second-trimester uterine artery Doppler findings.
Methods: Correlations between demographic characteristics, maternal dual test indicators (serum beta-HCG, serum PAPPA), and uterine artery Doppler tests were examined in a prospective cohort study including 500 pregnant women. Statistical studies evaluated correlations with IUGR, PIH, and premature birth.
Results: Serum beta-HCG levels below the 5th percentile correlated significantly with preterm birth (RR 2.3131, p = 0.0288). Low serum PAPP-A levels (<5th percentile) associated with PIH (RR 2.1447, p = 0.0204) and IUGR (RR 2.0953, p = 0.0002). Uterine artery Doppler indices (>0.58 RI) demonstrated associations with PIH (RR 2.2448) and IUGR (RR 1.6293).
Diastolic notching correlated with preterm birth, PIH, and IUGR.
Conclusion: The potential of serum beta-HCG, PAPP-A, and uterine artery Doppler indices as useful predictors of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes is highlighted by this study, which also highlights their use in early risk detection.
PASS-ASSISTED PREDICTION OF NOVEL TETRACYCLINE HYBRIDS
Authors: SHAH MANSI , SUHAGIA BHANUBHAI , GOSWAMI SUNITA
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study aimed to determine the biological activity of various novel tetracycline hybrids using way 2 drug platform's online pass software.
Methods: Novel structures were designed computationally by hybridization of 9-amino tetracycline with various phyotchemicals using various covalent linkers and prediction of biological activity was done using online pass software.
Results: The study investigated showed the antibacterial activity of almost all hybridized tetracycline compounds. The PASS predictions suggested that modifications at the 9th position of tetracycline with various phytochemicals enhanced the antibacterial activity or retained the antibacterial activity for several of the designed structures when compared with standard tetracycline.
Conclusion: With an alarming increase of antibiotic resistance, we must identify ways to combat these diseases. This work implies that combining antimicrobials with phytochemicals can create new antimicrobial-photochemical conjugates, potentially addressing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Tetracycline hybrids can be used in the future to produce many more hybrids, potentially embarking in a new era of medicine research.
Artificial Sand: Properties, Applications, and Future Implications
Authors: Gavit Jayesh Raman , Nikume Mrunali Rajendra , Kothari Mohit Sachin , Nandre Lalit Raosaheb , Mali Ketan Bhaskar , Bedse Prof. D. S. , Badgujar Prof. P. R. , Borase Prof. N. R.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Artificial sand, or manufactured sand, has emerged as an alternative to natural sand due to the depletion of natural sand resources and environmental concerns. The scarcity of natural sand due to such heavy demands in growing construction activities have forced to find the suitable substitute. This paper explores the properties, manufacturing processes, applications, advantages, and challenges associated with artificial sand, aiming to highlight its potential in sustainable construction. The promotional use of artificial sand will conserve the natural resources for the sustainable development of the concrete in construction industry
Smart Planter: Simplifying Plant Care with AI Sensors
Authors: Kanade Akanksha , Dandage Prof. Rajeshwari
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This paper presents a smart plant care system developed to address the challenges of indoor plant maintenance for busy or novice plant owners. Leveraging AI sensors and IoT technology, the system continuously monitors crucial environmental parameters—soil moisture, temperature, and light exposure—to optimize plant health. Real-time data analytics and machine learning algorithms analyze this data, predicting care needs and automating responses like watering adjustments, with minimal user input. The user-friendly mobile app interface provides actionable insights, enabling remote monitoring and proactive care. This report covers the system’s layered architecture, practical benefits, implementation challenges, and potential for integration with smart home systems. It also explores future advancements in AI-driven plant care, emphasizing the potential of this technology to transform indoor gardening by making it more accessible, efficient, and precise.
Artificial Intelligence Integration in Biochips: Enhancing Diagnostics and Precision Medicine
Authors: Gupta Servesh , Tawde Pratik
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The integration of biochips with AI opened up new possibilities and is expected to revolutionize smart healthcare tools within the next five years. The combination of miniaturized, multi- functional, rapid, high-throughput sample processing and sensing capabilities of biochips, with the computational data processing and predictive power of AI, allows medical professionals to collect and analyze vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses and prognostic evaluations. Biochips, as smart healthcare devices, offer continuous monitoring of patient symptoms. Integrated virtual assistants have the potential to send predictive feedback to users and healthcare practitioners, paving the way for personalized and predictive medicine. This review explores the current state-of-the-art biochip technologies including gene-chips, organ-on-a-chips, and neural implants, and the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of AI-assisted biochips in medical practices such as cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases and neurological disorders. Choosing the appropriate AI model for a specific biomedical application, and possible solutions to the current challenges are explored. Surveying advances in machine learning models for biochip functionality, this paper offers a review of biochips for the future of biomedicine, an essential guide for keeping up with trends in healthcare, while inspiring cross-disciplinary collaboration among biomedical engineering, medicine, and machine learning fields.
Exploratory Data Analysis Web Application
Authors: Lade Prof. Sangeeta , Singh Ambarish A. , Gore Atharva , Chaudhari Harsh , Dhumal Atharva
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This paper presents an automated Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) web application developed using Python and Streamlit, aimed at simplifying data analysis for non-programmers. The application allows users to upload datasets, conduct comprehensive EDA, visualize data, and build machine learning classification models. By eliminating the need for manual coding, it enables users to efficiently explore and analyze datasets, making it an ideal tool for rookie data analysts and researchers.
Water Trash Detection System: An Innovative Approach to Monitoring Aquatic Pollution
Authors: Aher Harshada , Deore Sakshi , Karwande Harsh , Kale Bhagyesh , Jadhav Swamiraj
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Water pollution, particularly from non-biodegradable waste such as plastics, is one of the most pressing environmental issues facing aquatic ecosystems today. This paper presents an innovative solution for detecting and classifying waste in water bodies using machine learning techniques, specifically You Only Look Once (YOLO) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The Water Trash Detection System (WTDS) can process both static images and real-time video streams to efficiently detect various types of aquatic trash, including plastic bottles, bags, and fishing debris. The system generates detailed reports on detected waste, providing environmental organizations and researchers with actionable data for monitoring and cleaning polluted water bodies. The combination of YOLO for real-time object detection and CNNs for waste classification allows the WTDS to deliver high accuracy and real-time processing, which is essential for effective environmental management.
Inevitability of knowing less than nothing
Authors: Gour Gilad , Wilde Mark M. , Brandsen S. , Geng Isabelle Jianing
Published: November 2024

A colloquial interpretation of entropy is that it is the knowledge gained upon learning the outcome of a random experiment. Conditional entropy is then interpreted as the knowledge gained upon learning the outcome of one random experiment after learning the outcome of another, possibly statistically dependent, random experiment. In the classical world, entropy and conditional entropy take only non-negative values, consistent with the intuition that one has regarding the aforementioned interpretations. However, for certain entangled states, one obtains negative values when evaluating commonly accepted and information-theoretically justified formulas for the quantum conditional entropy, leading to the confounding conclusion that one can know less than nothing in the quantum world. Here, we introduce a physically motivated framework for defining quantum conditional entropy, based on two simple postulates inspired by the second law of thermodynamics (non-decrease of entropy) and extensivity of entropy, and we argue that all plausible definitions of quantum conditional entropy should respect these two postulates. We then prove that all plausible quantum conditional entropies take on negative values for certain entangled states, so that it is inevitable that one can know less than nothing in the quantum world. All of our arguments are based on constructions of physical processes that respect the first postulate, the one inspired by the second law of thermodynamics.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNANGAN TERHADAP HAK NELAYAN PADA PROYEK REKLAMASI PELABUHAN NPCT 2 KALIBARU
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Nur Azizah Maruf Siti
Published: November 2024

Jurnal ini mengeksplorasi tantangan dan implementasi penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap hak-hak nelayan dalam konteks proyek reklamasi di Pelabuhan NPCT 2 Kalibaru. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat regulasi yang mengatur hak nelayan dan perlindungan lingkungan, implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan, termasuk konflik kepentingan antara pemerintah, pengembang, dan masyarakat lokal. Penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap hak nelayan cenderung lemah karena adanya ketidaksesuaian antara aturan formal dan praktik lapangan, serta minimnya akses nelayan terhadap sistem peradilan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan perlunya peningkatan koordinasi antara berbagai pihak terkait, pemantauan yang lebih ketat terhadap proyek-proyek reklamasi, dan penguatan mekanisme penegakan hukum lingkungan untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hak nelayan dan keberlanjutan lingkungan yang lebih efektif.
Determination of spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production in cell culture in patients with COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Karpovich G. S. , Kuimova I. V. , Ryabichenko T. I. , Obukhovа O. O. , Voevoda M. I.
Published: November 2024

To date, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) remains unclear. Despite this, it becomes obvious that the pathogenesis of MIS-C is directly related to a certain immune dysregulation, however, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of this dysregulation has not yet been formulated. In order to identify the cytokine profile in patients with MIS-C, spontaneous and stimulated production of certain cytokines in cell culture was identified. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the following study groups: group 1 — patients with MIS-C (n = 52); group 2 (comparison group) — patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia (n = 15); group 3 (control group) — conditionally healthy patients (n = 23). The following stimulating agents were used: S58 — recombinant antigen Spike_SARS-Cov-2; NP is a recombinant NP antigen of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and a standard mitogen. Results. Тhe absence of the initially expected hyperproduction of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, etc.) was recorded. Statistically significant developments were recorded between patients of the study groups in the spontaneous production of MCP-1, in particular, the indicated indicator was 40010.82 (19698.1; 64812.1); 643.7 (214.6; 1695.4) and 622.7 (214.6; 1068.1), respectively. The indicated spontaneous hyperproduction of MCP-1 in patients with MIS-C allows us to consider as a probable completely new theory of the pathogenesis of MIS-C associated with dysregulation of the type 2 immune response. The presence of statistically significant differences, primarily in the spontaneous production of this cytokine, can apparently be explained by the presence of genetically determined determinants associated with subsequent dysfunction of the Th2 helper immune response, a potential trigger for which is a previous COVID-19 infection. Thus, further study of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 associated MIS-C is required.
Epidemiological and clinical significance of rotavirus infection during the vaccination period
Authors: Bukhantsova E. S. , Kovalev O. В. , Shamsheva O. V. , Molochkova O. V. , Kamenskaya I. B.
Published: November 2024

Rotavirus infection is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea in children under five years of age worldwide and contributes significantly to child mortality. The introduction of rotavirus vaccination for epidemic indications into the Russian National Immunization Schedule has not impacted the epidemiological situation due to low vaccination coverage. This article provides a review of studies evaluating the clinical significance of rotavirus infection in the context of mass vaccination, as well as its impact on the circulation of rotavirus genotypes. We have analyzed data on the prevalence of rotavirus, the severity of clinical cases, and changes in the genetic diversity of the virus. It has been noted that vaccination reduces the severity of gastroenteritis; however, over time, changes in circulating viral strains have been observed. Despite the positive effects of vaccination, some countries have reported an increase in the prevalence of other pathogens, such as norovirus and Campylobacter. These findings emphasize the need to continue vaccination efforts and monitor changes in the structure of pathogens responsible for acute intestinal infections to improve preventive measures and control the epidemiological situation.
Guidance on biodiversity cumulative impact assessment for wind and solar developments and associated infrastructure
Authors: Bennun L. , Fletcher C. , Cook A. , Wilson D. , Jobson B. , Asante-Owusu R. , Dakmejian A. , Liu Q.
Published: November 2024

The key aim of this guidance is to reframe cumulative impact assessment (CIA) to help support biodiversity conservation and the achievement of global biodiversity goals (alongside climate and other societal development goals). This guidance is focused on biodiversity and wind and solar development, and is aimed primarily at government planners and project developers. The report applies approaches for government-led CIA and project-level CAI. However, since it is designed to help tackle some of the existing challenges of CIA, there is potentially broader applicability.