bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding People With Chronic Pain Who Use a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Artificial Intelligence Mental Health App (Wysa): Mixed Methods Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Meheli Saha , Sinha Chaitali , Kadaba Madhura
Published: March 2022

Background

Digital health interventions can bridge barriers in access to treatment among individuals with chronic pain.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the perceived needs, engagement, and effectiveness of the mental health app Wysa with regard to mental health outcomes among real-world users who reported chronic pain and engaged with the app for support.

Methods

Real-world data from users (N=2194) who reported chronic pain and associated health conditions in their conversations with the mental health app were examined using a mixed methods retrospective observational study. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the conversational data of users with chronic pain to assess perceived needs, along with comparative macro-analyses of conversational flows to capture engagement within the app. Additionally, the scores from a subset of users who completed a set of pre-post assessment questionnaires, namely Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (n=69) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7) (n=57), were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of Wysa in providing support for mental health concerns among those managing chronic pain.

Results

The themes emerging from the conversations of users with chronic pain included health concerns, socioeconomic concerns, and pain management concerns. Findings from the quantitative analysis indicated that users with chronic pain showed significantly greater app engagement (P<.001) than users without chronic pain, with a large effect size (Vargha and Delaney A=0.76-0.80). Furthermore, users with pre-post assessments during the study period were found to have significant improvements in group means for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 symptom scores, with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.60-0.61).

Conclusions

The findings indicate that users look for tools that can help them address their concerns related to mental health, pain management, and sleep issues. The study findings also indicate the breadth of the needs of users with chronic pain and the lack of support structures, and suggest that Wysa can provide effective support to bridge the gap.
Identification of Digital Health Priorities for Palliative Care Research: Modified Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nwosu Amara Callistus , McGlinchey Tamsin , Sanders Justin , Stanley Sarah , Palfrey Jennifer , Lubbers Patrick , Chapman Laura , Finucane Anne , Mason Stephen
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Developments in digital health have the potential to transform the delivery of health and social care to help citizens manage their health. Currently, there is a lack of consensus about digital health research priorities in palliative care and a lack of theories about how these technologies might improve care outcomes. Therefore, it is important for health care leaders to identify innovations to ensure that an increasingly frail population has appropriate access to palliative care services. Consequently, it is important to articulate research priorities as the first step in determining how finite resources should be allocated to a field saturated with rapidly developing innovation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to identify research priority areas for digital health in palliative care.

METHODS

We selected digital health trends, most relevant to palliative care, from a list of emerging trends reported by a leading institute of quantitative futurists. We conducted 2 rounds of the Delphi questionnaire, followed by a consensus meeting and public engagement workshop to establish a final consensus on research priorities for digital technology in palliative care. We used the views of public representatives to gain their perspectives on the agreed priorities.

RESULTS

A total of 103 experts (representing 11 countries) participated in the first Delphi round. Of the 103 experts, 55 (53.3%) participated in the second round. The final consensus meetings were attended by 10.7% (11/103) of the experts. We identified 16 priority areas, which involved many applications of technologies, including care for patients and caregivers, self-management and reporting of diseases, education and training, communication, care coordination, and research methodology. We summarized the priority areas into eight topics: big data, mobile devices, telehealth and telemedicine, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, smart home, biotechnology, and digital legacy.

CONCLUSIONS

The priorities identified in this study represent a wide range of important emerging areas in the fields of digital health, personalized medicine, and data science. Human-centered design and robust governance systems should be considered in future research. It is important that the risks of using these technologies in palliative care are properly addressed to ensure that these tools are used meaningfully, wisely, and safely and do not cause unintentional harm.
Distilling a High Precision Drug Adverse Effect Benchmark Using Wikipedia’s Wisdom of the Crowd (Preprint)
Authors: Bilu Yonatan , Yanover Chen
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Computational methods for identifying adverse events following medical interventions, require accurate and relevant “gold standard” for evaluation and comparison. An appealing possibility is to use datasets of adverse effects of drugs or vaccines. The available large datasets typically attain their size, by relying on automatic, or semi-automatic, methods for generation. This often comes with a compromise on the precision of the generated data, which can be at least partially alleviated by having experts curate the data. However, such a curation tends to be costly and time consuming.

OBJECTIVE

To improve accuracy without resorting to a manual curation, we aim to automatically extract the expert knowledge accumulated in Wikipedia, using Natural Language Processing technology.

METHODS

To curate a dataset of adverse drug effects (ADEs), we suggest retrieving the Wikipedia page associated with the drug, and checking whether the ADE appears in the sections describing adverse effects.

RESULTS

We use this method to distill two large adverse drug effect datasets – SIDER and OFFSIDES – and evaluate the obtained datasets versus their originating ones over two small ground-truth sets. For example, distilling the SIDER dataset to 7.2% of its size, and evaluating the result on a ground-truth derived from clinical trials, improves precision from 0.14 to 0.86, and F1-score from 0.23 to 0.75.

CONCLUSIONS

To accurately evaluate and compare algorithms which infer drug-ADE relations, there is a need for high-precision benchmark sets. The method suggested here is shown to yield such sets, and may be of more general use in distilling medical data.
Virtual care initiatives for older adults in Australia: a scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Savira Feby , Gupta Adyya , Gilbert Cecily , Huggins Catherine , Browning Colette , Chapman Wendy , Haines Terry , Peeters Anna
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

There has been a rapid shift towards adoption of virtual healthcare services in Australia. It is unknown how widely virtual care has been implemented or evaluated for the care of older adults in Australia.

OBJECTIVE

To review literature evaluating virtual care initiatives for older adults across a wide range of health conditions and modalities and identify key challenges and opportunities for wider adoptions at both patient and system levels in Australia.

METHODS

A scoping review of the literature was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, AgeLine and grey literature (1 January 2011 – 8 March 2021) were searched to identify virtual care initiatives for older Australians (≥65 years of age). Results are reported according to the World Health Organisation digital health evaluation framework.

RESULTS

Among the 6,201 documents in the search results, we identified 94 documents that reported 80 unique virtual care initiatives. The majority were pilot studies (89%) targeting community-dwelling older adults (81%) with chronic disease (65%). Mode of delivery included videoconference, telephone, apps, device/monitoring systems and web-based technologies. Most initiatives showed either similar or better health and behavioural outcomes compared to in-person care. Key barriers for wider adoption were physical, cognitive, or sensory impairment in older adults; and staffing issues, legislative issues, and a lack of motivation among providers.

CONCLUSIONS

Virtual care is a viable model of care to address a wide range of health conditions in older adults in Australia. More embedded and integrative evaluations are needed to ensure virtually enabled care can be used more widely by older Australians and providers.
Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Metformin on Aquaresis and Nephroprotection by a Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist in ADPKD
Authors: Kramers Bart J. , Koorevaar Iris W. , van Gastel Maatje D.A. , van Goor Harry , Hallows Kenneth R. , Heerspink Hiddo L. , Li Hui , Leonhard Wouter N. , Peters Dorien J.M. , Qiu Jiedong , Touw Daan J. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Meijer Esther
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

The vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan is the only drug that has been proven to be nephroprotective in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Tolvaptan also causes polyuria, limiting tolerability. We hypothesized that cotreatment with hydrochlorothiazide or metformin may ameliorate this side effect.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a clinical study and an animal study. In a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, we included 13 tolvaptan-treated patients with ADPKD. Patients were treated for three 2-week periods with hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, or placebo in random order. Primary outcome was change in 24-hour urine volume. We also measured GFR and a range of metabolic and kidney injury markers.

Results

Patients (age 45±8 years, 54% women, measured GFR of 55±11 ml/min per 1.73 m2) had a baseline urine volume on tolvaptan of 6.9±1.4 L/24 h. Urine volume decreased to 5.1 L/24 h (P<0.001) with hydrochlorothiazide and to 5.4 L/24 h (P<0.001) on metformin. During hydrochlorothiazide treatment, plasma copeptin (surrogate for vasopressin) decreased, quality of life improved, and several markers of kidney damage and glucose metabolism improved. Metformin did not induce changes in these markers or in quality of life. Given these results, the effect of adding hydrochlorothiazide to tolvaptan was investigated on long-term kidney outcome in an animal experiment. Water intake in tolvaptan-hydrochlorothiazide cotreated mice was 35% lower than in mice treated with tolvaptan only. Combination treatment was superior to “no treatment” on markers of disease progression (kidney weight, P=0.003 and cystic index, P=0.04) and superior or equal to tolvaptan alone.

Conclusions

Both metformin and hydrochlorothiazide reduced tolvaptan-caused polyuria in a short-term study. Hydrochlorothiazide also reduced polyuria in a long-term animal model without negatively affecting nephroprotection.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_03_21_CJN11260821.mp3
Detection of URL Based Phishing Websites Using Machine Learning in Django Framework
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Jaison Feon
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In this modern world, Phishing website detection is one of the most critical tasks in the world. In the recent times, a lot of people have suffered phishing attack due to phishing website. Machine Learning plays an important role in prediction of phishing website in the network. The proposed method predicts the URL based phishing websites based on features and also gives maximum accuracy to predict the result. This method uses uniform resource locator (URL) features to detect. It identified features that phishing site URLs contain. The proposed method takes those features for phishing detection. Security of the phishing detection website is also a major concern which is solved by providing administration who can manage the phishing detection website. Keywords: Phishing site, Machine learning, Legitimate, Prediction
A Brief Overview: Computer Network Based on Physical and Logical Topology
Authors: Jalil Muhammad Arif Bin
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The classification of network topologies according to how they are implemented is examined in depth from a variety of perspectives. Each type of topology is used to accomplish a certain purpose and capture the system's structure at varying levels of detail. Distributed computer systems have been an important and popular topic in computing in recent years. It provides highend performance at an affordable price .In a distributed computing environment, autonomous computers are connected via a communication network that is arranged in a geometrical shape known as network topology. Keywords: Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh, Network Topology, Physical Topology, Logical Topology.
Disease Prediction Application Using Machine Learning
Authors: Das Arnab , Sai A. Udith , Asha P.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The health care systems collect data and reports from the hospitals or patient's database by machine learning and data processing techniques which is employed to predict the disease so as to create reports supported the results which used for various kinds of predictions for disease and which is that the leading explanation for the human's death since past years. Medical reports and data had been extracted from various databases to predict a number of the required diseases which are commonly found in people nowadays breast cancer, heart disease and diabetes disease and make their life more critical to measure. Nowadays technology advancement within the health care industry has been helping people to create their process easier by suggesting hospitals and doctors to travel to for his or her treatment, where to admit and which hospitals are the simplest for the treating the desired disease. we've implemented this sort of system in our application to form people’s life simpler by predicting the disease by inputting certain data from their reports which can give the result positive or negative supported the disease prediction they are going to be having a choice to get recommendation of best hospitals with best doctors nearby from the past users or guardians. Keywords: Machine learning, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, disease prediction Introduction.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Liquisolid Compacts
Authors: Tiwari Deeksha , Sharma Vandana , Soni S. L
Published: March 2022

Objective: The solubility and dissolution properties of any drug are fundamental determinants of its oral bioavailability. The dissolution rate of weakly soluble, highly permeable (BCS-II) drugs, such as Oxcarbazepine, be capable of  enhanced by use of the liquisolid (LS)technique

Methods: Oxcarbazepine liquid-solid compacts were formulated using PEG-600 as the non-volatile solvent, Avicel 102 as the carrier material, Aerosil 200 as the coating material Sodium starch glycolate as the disintegrant. Various batches of liquisolid compacts were set up by utilizing varied carrier-coating excipient ratio and different concentration of liquid medication. Flow parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s Ratio as well as an angle of repose were utilized to test the flowability of the powder mix. The liquid-solid system were made by direct compression strategy and were assessed for tests, for example weight variation, drug content, hardness, thickness, friability, wetting time, breaking down time also as well as the in vitro dissolution studies.

Results: The liquisolid system showed acceptable micromeritic properties. The tabletting properties of the liquisolid compacts were within the acceptable limits. delivery paces of liquisolid compacts were obviously higher compared with directly compressed tablets, due to expanding wetting properties and surface area of the drug. The liquisolid compacts showed enhanced bioavailability when compared with their conventional formulation

Conclusion: Liquid-solid tablet was measured as a hopeful system to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of poor-water soluble Oxcarbazepine.
Mapping of Community Pharmacy Practices in Medan City Indonesia
Authors: Ferendina Imelda , W Wiryanto , Harahap Urip
Published: March 2022

Pharmaceutical practice standards are benchmarks used, especially pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical services. But this pharmaceutical practice has not been carried out by community pharmacy pharmacists. Pharmaceutical services are very dependent on the application of established practice standards. Therefore, revitalization efforts need to be made to meet the criteria of pharmaceutical practice in accordance with the applicable standards. This study aims to ensure that community pharmacy practice in Medan city and coaching efforts to restore pharmaceutical practices are in accordance with predetermined standards. This is a cross sectional descriptive research, using quistionnaires in Juni – September 2020. The research sample 105 pharmacist in community pharmacy taken by cluster random sampling. The results showed that the community pharmacy practice has not been running according to standards. The percentage of pharmacies with accreditation A was 67.6%, accredited B 21.0%, accredited C was 9.5%, and not accredited was 1.9%.While the percentage of very good category of pharmaceutical practice was only 20%, good category was 48%, just 21%, 9% less, and sub-standard criteria of 2%.Several factors play a role in determining the value of accreditation and pharmaceutical practice criteria after being statistically tested, namely the presence or absence of other jobs from pharmacists, pharmacy status, pharmacist's presence, and year of graduation from the pharmacist, with a significance <0.05.Based on the explanation can be concluded that the practice community pharmacy in the city of Medan has not met the established pharmaceutical standards.
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): An Overview
Authors: Saini Mahendra , Parihar Nikhita , Soni Shankar Lal , Sharma Vandana
Published: March 2022

There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and unfold of two019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute metabolism syndrome coronavirus two (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a spread of coronavirus is the family Coronaviridae. The malady is believed to originate from crackers Associate in Nursing was unfold to people through unknown medium in an exceedingly town, China. Severe acute metabolism syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) could also be a very transmissible and infective coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused an outbreak|avirus|a virulent disease|a pestilence} of acute disease, named, ‘coronavirus malady 2019’ (COVID-19), that threatens human health and public safety. throughout this Review, we have a tendency to to tend to explain the essential medicine of SARS- CoV-2, together with genomic characteristics, and receptor use, lightness its key distinction from antecedent acquainted coronaviruses. we have a tendency to to tend to summarize current data of clinical, medicine, and pathological choices of COVID-19, additionally as recent progress in animal models, and antiviral treatment approach for SARS- CoV-2 infection. we have a tendency to to tend to to boot discuss the potential life hosts and disease origin of this rising virus well.
the Effectiveness of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Leaf Ethanol Extract Mouthwash in Reducing Dental Plaque Index
Authors: Siregar Rawati , S Sondang , Aritonang Netty Jojor
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of mouthwash of red betel leaf extract on the dental plaque index.

Design:This research design is Quasi experimental. The ethanol extract of red betel leaf was prepared in various concentrations for use by the correspondents as a mouthwash. Dental plaque was observed before and after treatment, then compared the differences in results between groups.

Interventions:The intervention variable in this study was a mouthwash preparation containing 4% and 5% ethanol extract of red betel leaf, then compared with a positive control mouthwash preparation containing Chlorhexidine.

Main outcome measure:The results showed a decrease in the dental plaque index in the correspondents who were given mouthwash containing 4% and 5% red betel leaf ethanol extract. The anova test showed a significant difference between the dental plaque index between before and after treatment (p <0.05).

Conclusion:Mouthwash containing ethanol extract of red betel leaves is effective in reducing the dental plaque index value.
Stem Cells a better way for Treatment: Diabetes
Authors: Kumari Mamta , Pandey Parmanand , Sachan Anupam Kr
Published: March 2022

Insulin-producing cells derived from the stem cell embryonic stem cell  and pluripotent stem cell have been long duration to encourage, but evasive treatment far from clinical interpret into type1 diabetes therapy.  Although stem cell therapies provide a great opportune time there is also conceivable risk such as teratoma formation to relate with the treatment. Mesenchyme stem stromal cells have due to their modulator effects on immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair been suggested to be used to either halt beta-cell loss during T1D development or be used to protect and support pancreatic islets when transplanted. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of stem cell therapy outcomes in animal models of type-1diabetes and a proposed road map towards the clinical setting with a special focus on the potential risks and hurdles which need to be considered. From a clinical point of view, transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells must be performed without immune suppression to be an attractive treatment option.
Chrysophyllum Albidum and Its Potential Damage to the Kidney of Wistar Rats
Authors: Lizabeth O Nweke E , K Opara Julia , Ifechukwu J Obiesie
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study was aimed at determining the effect of graded doses of Chrysophyllumalbidum on the kidney.

Materials and Methods:  Twenty wistar rats (190-220 grams) were used in this study and they were randomly allocated into four groups of five rats each. Group A received food and distilled water only while groups B, C and D were treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg 300 mg/kg of Chrysophyllumalbidum leaf extract respectively. The study lasted for three weeks after which the animals where sacrificed and their blood samples and kidney collected for examination.

Results: The result from this study showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight in group of all treated groups. Also, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in kidney weight in group C but a non-significant increase (p>0.05) in group B and D when compared to group A. In addition, the serum urea and creatinine level showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the treated groups when compared with that of group A. Histopathological findings revealed a mild to moderate changes in the cytoarchitecture of the kidney.

Conclusion: This result of this study suggests that ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllumalbidum may have the tendency of being toxic to the kidney tissue when consumed at higher doses.
Antimicrobial Activity of Morinda citrifolia L.
Authors: Noviana Rena , Fajrina Anzharni , Eriadi Aried , Asra Ridho
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this research was to provide knowledge that Morinda citrifolia L.was not only fruit and the leaves can be used as an antimicrobial. Parts of Morinda citrifolia L.(Noni) such as seeds were proven to be able to inhibit microbial growth. Antimicrobial was substances that inhibit growth or kill other microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and rickets.

Data Sources Study Selection: The main references used in this review article through trusted sites such as Pubmed, Pubcem, Science Direct, NCBI, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and other published and trustworthy journals.

Conclusion: Noni plant (Morinda citrifolia L.) was a medicinal plant that has antimicrobial properties because it contained secondary metabolites of flavonoid and phenol. The fruit and leaves were part of noni plant which has the highest potential for antimicrobial activity. The use of antimicrobial is one way of dealing with infectious diseases. So, the noni plant could be developed as an alternative of herbal product in overcoming the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Utilization of Natural Dyes Substances for Histological Staining: A Review
Authors: Hartika Gita , Zulharmita Zulharmita , Asra Ridho
Published: March 2022

Histological staining is one the technical processes in the preparation of tissue samples by coloring using histological staining to assist in the study. Natural dyes as an alternative solution to replace synthetic dyes because it can affect human health such as skin allergies, digestive system and respiratory system. This review article aims to determine the quality of natural dyes used to color tissue in the process of making animal and plant tissue preparations. Some of the plants used as natural dyes, coloring indicates a change in tissue preparations. From some plants used for natural dyes in the histology of animal and plant tissues, chemical compounds contained there in that can provide colors such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins, betasianins, and curcuminoids. The resulting dye looked good or not is influenced by the pH, concentration, staining time, method and solvent used in the staining.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Mangosteen Plants (Garcinia Mangostana L.): A Review
Authors: Andani Rika , Fajrina Anzharni , Asra Ridho , Eriadi Aried
Published: March 2022

Background: Bacterial infection was a health problem thathard to overcome, due to the presence of bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the use of herbal antibacterials is an alternative that can be used. Mangosteen (Garciniamangostana L.) is a plant that contains xanthone compounds and its derivatives have antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activity.Part of the mangosteen was used as a medicinal plant such as bark, fruit peel, fruit, seeds, and leaves.This review aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the mangosteen and inhibitory diameter that was resulting.

Data Collection: The author was created this article review by conducting literature studies. The works of literature were collected from national and international journals in the last ten years (2010-2020) and pharmaceutical scientific books. The works of literature were collected from trusted online journal sites such as the digital library, PubMed, PubChem, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Elsevier, NCBI, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Springer, and other trusted E-resource with the keyword "mangosteen”, “Garcinia mangostana L”, “antibacterial activity”, and “inhibitor zone”. 

Result: According to literature showed that the mangosteen fruit peel, bark, leaves, seeds and fruit effective as antibacterialfor several types of bacteria.

Conclusion:N-hexane that was extracted from mangosteen peel has potential as an antibacterial activity at a concentration of 15.62 mg/ml and inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 with an inhibitory diameter of 17mm.
Pharmacotherapeutics In Prosthodontics – An Overview
Authors: Singh Dr. Gaurav Pal , Soni Dr. Vishnu Kumar , Teena Dr , Nehra Dr Saroj
Published: March 2022

Pharmacology is the science of drugs. Drug is the single active chemical entity present in a medicine that is used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment of a disease. Pharmacology deals with interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules (drugs) with living systems. The two main aspects of concern are the effects of drugs on biological systems and the effect of biological systems on efficacy and metabolism of drugs. Drugs play an important role in improving the response of the patient in both pre-treatment and post-treatment phases. Drugs in dentistry act as a primary treatment modality as well as facilitator of dental procedures. With phenomenal growth of information on the mechanism of action and clinical application of drugs as well as rapid introduction of new drugs, pharmacology has become increasingly important to all dentists. Prosthodontics is that specialty of dentistry which deals with patients of all ages, hence making it more important to know about the local and systemic effects of drugs and their side effects.
Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review
Authors: Syahfitr Sari Anggraini , Asra Dan Ridho
Published: March 2022

Background: Jamu is commonly known as an Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that contains ingredients or ingredients derived from plants, animals, minerals, galenic, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been hereditary for medicinal use. Some studies reported the presence of medicinal chemicals that are deliberately added to Jamu. Jamuthat containing medicinal chemicals usually had a faster healing effect compared to Jamu that do not contain medicinal chemicals. Jamu added medicinal chemicals cause serious side effects if it is consumed regularly, overdose, and long period consumption with uncontrolled dosage or its interaction with other substances on jamu formulation.

Purpose: This review article aims to summarize several methods used to analyze medicinal chemicals contained in jamu.

Data source:The author created thisreview article by conducting literature studies. The literature was collected from national and international journals published in the last ten years (2010-2020). The works of literature were collected from trusted online journal sites such as the digital library, Google, Google scholar/Google Cendekia, PubMed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Researchgate, and other E-resource with the keyword “Jamu”, “medicinal chemicals”, and “analysis of medicinal chemicals”.

Conclusion: Jamu products that containing medicinal chemicals are jamu pegal linu, weight loss, stamina enhancer, diabetes, antihypertensive and dietary supplements. The medicinal chemicals used are sodium diclofenac, paracetamol, piroxicam, ibuprofen, dexamethasone, mefenamic acid, phenolphthalein, sibutramine, fenfluramine, sildenafil, tadalafil, thiosildenafil, caffeine, ephedrine, nifedipine, glibenclamide. Herbal Medicine was analyzed by the TLC method (thin layer chromatography), Densitometry-chromatography, thin-layer chromatography-Spectrophotometry, SERS-thin layer chromatography, Spectrophotometry, HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (high-performance liquid. chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry), HPLC-Densitometry (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-densitometry), UHPLC-Q-ORTIP HERMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry), UPLC/Q-TOF MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS), Capillary electrophoresis (CE), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), LC-MS (Liquid Crhomatogaph Mass) Spectrometry), Prototype Test-Strip, Infrared spectroscopy.
Acoustical Studies& Molecular Interactions of Antiepileptic Drug Levitiracetam in DMSO-Water Mixtures at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , Sinha Chandani
Published: March 2022

The densities and speeds of sound have been measured of ternary mixtures of Levitiracetam drug in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide  (DMSO) mixtures at 25% interval of the solvent at 303K,308 K,313 K and frequency 2MHz .The experimental data has been used to determine acoustic parameters like intermolecular free length (Lf),Specific acoustic impedence (z) etc.The changes in these properties with composition and temperature are used to interpret the nature of solute-solvent, solute-solute interactions in the system.
Vigna Comosa Baker Aerial Part’s Extracts Effects on Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Glucose’sliberation
Authors: Lucrèce Kotin Mahoutin , Judith Ahounouaikpe Fifamin , Huguette Akakpo Baï , Fidèle Assogba Mahoudo , Pierre Dansou Houndjovi , Djimon Gbenou Joachim
Published: March 2022

Vignacomosa Baker (V. Comosa) is a plant used by Beninese Oueme department’s populationfor the treatment of diabetes without any scientific study showing its effectiveness. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of theextracts of V. Comosaon hyperglycemic rabbits by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and on hepatic glucose liberation. Phytochemical screening revealed that the plant contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, mucilage, triterpenoids, steroids, reducing compounds, saponins, oses and holosides.Cytotoxity test showed that those extracts were free of toxicity. The extracts showed anti-hyperglycemic activities doses and time depending. The effective doses are 500 mg/kg for the aqueous extract and 1000 mg/kg for the ethanolic extract. The extracts are effective as compared with glibenclamide (reference product). Moreover, the ex vivo test conducted on the liver revealed that V. Comosa aqueous extract inhibits the hepatic glucose liberation and 500 mg/mL is the most effective dose. The results of this study account for the plant under consideration of its traditional usage in the treatment of diabetes.
THE Garlic (Allium sativum L.) – A Promising Anti-cancer Drug
Authors: Venkatesh Sama , Aleem Ullah Ayesha , Owaisuddin Mohammed , Bolledu Rajesh , Kiran A Ravi
Published: March 2022

Globally cancer is the leading cause of death. The popular treatments in cancer therapies areradiation, surgery, chemo-therapy, involves high risk and expensive. The present day, modern cancer therapies are associated with several toxicities and lack of quality of life. Herbal remedies for cancer treatment are found notion to the Oncologists. Garlic known as Allium sativum (Family: Liliaceae), is one of the promising drug found to treat cancer patients and also to treat the toxicity effects produced by other cancer treatment. By consuming garlic regularly it shows protection to cancer and many ailments. Allicin is a major pharmacological component of garlic, reported to have anti-cancer properties and also used to treat drug-induced toxicity.
Liposomes –A Overview
Authors: Patel Akshay Kumar , Mutta Shivanand K , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad
Published: March 2022

Liposomes are sphere-shaped vesicles made up of one or more bilayers of phospholipids. The ability of delayed vesicles to transport medications, vaccines, diagnostic specialists, and other bioactive operators has accelerated development in the liposomal drug delivery system. The liposomal delivery system's pharmacyelements and pharmacokinetics properties have been altered, resulting in a higher therapeutic index and lower overall toxicity. There are many factors to consider, including size, size distribution, surface electrical potential, lamella count, and encapsulation efficacy. The use of surface modification in the development of liposomes with various mechanisms, kinetic properties, and biodistribution was discovered to be beneficial. Drug delivery, drug targeting, controlled release, and improved solubility have all been studied extensively with liposomes.
Sustained Release Matrix Tablet: An Overview
Authors: Mehta Mandev , S Keerthy H. , Prasad Yadav Rajkumar
Published: March 2022

Sustained Release is also a promising method for reducing medication side effects by preventing the therapeutic concentration of the drug from fluctuating in the body.The basic rationale of a sustained drug delivery system is to optimise a drug's biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties in order to maximise utility, minimise side effects, and cure the disease. The drug release rate is regulated by the matrix. HPMC and other release retardants can help with sustained release, so they are used as a key excipient in the formulation.The method entails compressing a mixture of medication, retardant material, and additives directly to shape a tablet with the drug embedded in a retardant matrix core; instead, granulation may be done prior to compression. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, mineral, and biodegradable matrices may be used.To assess the drug release rate, in-vitro dissolution tests may be used. The primary goal of continuous release types is to improve drug therapy, which is determined by the relationship between the advantages and disadvantages of using one.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Syrup
Authors: Mohan J Devkar , Shahrukh S. M Shaikh Shahrukh S. M , G. Jadhao Amol , Jayshri Sanap Miss. , A. Patil Prashant
Published: March 2022

The cough it is a most common problem are face by the all people. There are two types of cough one is the Dry cough and second is wet cough. The dry cough is a no mucous and secretion while in wet cough there is cough mucous or secretion. The syrup is most commonly used and popular dosage form there is used in cure the cough and cold because it having ease of patients compliance. The herbal cough syrup was formulated using crude drugs as Pudina&Tulsi or Cinnamon as a main ingredient along with Honey. Today syrup is used for treatment of May ailments and to overcome symptoms of disease. The antioxidant syrup is used to treatment the cancer because of many stress condition and other oxidative reaction in body the free radical are generated by using theses, syrup the condition is overcome. Formulation at laboratory scale was done and evaluate for number of parameters such as PH, viscosity, Density, stability testing during evaluation formulation found to be stable and ready to use in a cough treatment.It is found that Antitussive activity produced by the Herbal formulation in the minimum dose was much better than the standard drug.
Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine and Valsartan in Tablet By UV Spectrophotometry With Successive Ratio Method
Authors: P Nia N. , S Siti M , P Muchlisyam
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aims to develop a spectrophotometric method by successive ratio method in simultaneous determination of AML and VLS on tablet preparations without separation.

Methods: This study aims to develop a spectrophotometric method by successive ratio method in simultaneous determination of AML and VLS on tablet preparations without separation and then tested for validity based validation parameters, namely linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ and intraday and interday. Then, this method was applied to determine the levels of AML and VLS on dosage tablet.

Result: Manipulating the ratio spectra of the binary mixture allowed their determination at 358,4 nm and 247,4 nm and in the concentration ranges of (4-12 µg/mL) and (6-18 µg/mL) for amlodipine and valsartan, respectively

Conclusion: The successive ratio method can be used to determine the levels of a mixture of amlodipine and valsartan drugs.
Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of P. amarus Leaf on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rat with Arsenic Induced Toxicity
Authors: Ujah Frederick O , Y. Mohammad Yusuf , E. Audu-War Vera
Published: March 2022

Therapeutic effect of ethyl acetate fraction of P. amarus leaf was probed on hematological and biochemical indices in albino rats induced with arsenic poison. Acute toxicity of 100% ethyl acetate fraction was evaluated at dose range of 100 to 5000mg/kgbw for 24hrs and no apparent signs of toxicity were observed. However, exposure for 10days, death was observed for dose of 1000mg/kg and above. Thus LD50 of sub-acute toxicity is 707.11mg/kg. Significant decreased in hematological indices observed, indicate alterations that affect the physiology and hematopoiesis of blood by arsenate administered and with normal levels of MCV and MCH, this suggest normocytic anemia. Furthermore, decrease level of HGB could implies that arsenic might have affected the incorporation of hemoglobin in the red blood cells or the morphology and osmotic fragility in red blood cells and this can affect oxygen carrying capacity of blood, although with MCV and RDW both normal, the RBCs are likely the same normal size. Falls in Platelets count with low MPV and irregular morphology as indicated by PDW infer that the bone marrow isn't producing enough new platelets which may result in low clotting capacity of blood. This is not caused by infection from bacteria as procalcitonin (PCT) in all groups showed no significant difference but the effect was that of arsenic poison. WBCs drop significantly, suggesting susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Result also showed increased bilirubin, an indication of cholestasis. However, these effects were significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated in the treatment groups, as levels of these parameters were reversed. Conclusively, this might be as a result of phenolics in P. amarus. Phenolics excite their mechanism of therapeutics either by ways of antioxidant activities as free radical scavengers or chelators of metal ions.
Nanofibers in Drug Delivery System
Authors: Dawange Shreya R. , Boraste Sahebrao S. , Pingale Prashant L. , Amrutkar Sunil V.
Published: March 2022

The possible applications of electrospun fibers in drug delivery systems (DDS) are critically examined in this study. Nanofibers are among the most desirable resources in some kind of a variety of scenarios due to their operational capabilities including valuable features for another young generation of resources in energy, climate, even wellness. Because of its possibility to synthesize polymers with specific functions like greater porous design electrospinning was already presented as the most effective technique for fabricating polymer-based nanostructures. Electrospinning has emerged with the most significant challenge for fabricating nanostructures with several advantageous properties which are helpful in a wide range of uses first from the atmosphere to biomedicine. The medicine delivering mechanisms depending upon nanofibers have made significant progress in terms of regulated and sustained release. This analysis summarizes significant advancements within the production of electrospun nanofibers-based rapidly dispersing dosage form using many fibers, therapeutic agents, including entrapment approaches, as an emphasis on mouth administration. The oral cavity became the most discussed mucous membrane location because it would be open or even simple to examine, whereas the others are difficult for the patient and difficult to determine in vivo, according to this study. The drug-loaded nanofibrous structures are described based on their main functions and also the areas for operation.
Review: The Discovery and Development of Sildenafil Citrate
Authors: Septifani Eza Azhara , Yetti Rina Desni , Asra Ridho
Published: March 2022

Background: Griseofulvin is a fungistatic antifungal drug used to treat dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes that are often found include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum. Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the drug discovery review of griseofulvin. Data Source: The author created this review article using the literature study method relevant to the purpose of the review. Sources of information from national journals and international journals that are accessed through online sites such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and NCBI. Key words were used to find the journals, namely griseofulvin, dermatophyte, toxicity. Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that griseofulvin is used as an antifungal drug containing chlorine from Penicillium griseofulvum isolated against mycelium fungus. This drug is non-toxic, so it is effective and safe to fight various types of fungal infections of the skin such as tinea capitis and remains the drug of choice for dermatophytes.
An ePub learning module and students' mathematical reasoning ability: A development study
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Rohaeti Euis Eti , Ginanjar Agie , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra
Published: March 2022

The mathematical reasoning ability is one of the essential hard skills of a student, especially in solving everyday problems. In supporting the achievement of this mathematical reasoning ability, meaningful teaching materials are an essential part of keeping exciting and not dull a learning process. This study aimed to design and develop an e-module in the ePub format with the problem-based learning approach to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability on arithmetic sequences and series concepts. This study used the design research method of development research in two stages—preliminary design and formal evaluation design—with tryouts performed on 32 grade XI students as research subjects. The data collection techniques used were documentation, observation, interviews, and tryouts. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the e-module developed was valid and practical to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability, especially in solving problems related to sequences and series. The indicators of mathematical reasoning ability better improved using this ePub module were proposing problem-solving assumptions and concluding solutions logically. The development of the e-module in the e-Pub format offers alternative solutions to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability.
Secondary school teachers’ perceptions of STEM pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Rahman Noor Anita , Rosli Roslinda , Rambely Azmin Sham , Siregar Nur Choiro , Capraro Mary Margaret , Capraro Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Preparing students with knowledge and expertise in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is vital in meeting the demand for digital age career opportunities. Nevertheless, there is sparse research on teachers' views of student preparedness and teachers' knowledge of STEM in classroom instruction. The present study examines secondary school teachers' perceptions of STEM pedagogical content knowledge (STEMPCK). An online survey was administered to 66 Malaysian secondary school teachers through Google Forms to determine their perspectives of STEMPCK. Data were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0. The descriptive analysis showed that the selected teachers highly agreed on the pedagogical knowledge and knowledge of 21st century skill components of STEMPCK. However, the non-parametric analysis showed no significant mean differences in STEMPCK scores based on gender, educational qualification, and teaching experience. The study's implications suggest that teachers in these fields should be equipped with the necessary knowledge to be more confident in implementing STEM teaching in their respective schools.