bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding anxiety–impulsivity subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study
Authors: Fan Huaxin , Liu Zhaowen , Wu Xinran , Yu Gechang , Gu Xinrui , Kuang Nanyu , Zhang Kai , Liu Yu , Jia Tianye , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. , Schumann Gunter , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng , Becker Benjamin , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2023

Background

Internalising disorders are highly prevalent emotional dysregulations during preadolescence but clinical decision-making is hampered by high heterogeneity. During this period impulsivity represents a major risk factor for psychopathological trajectories and may act on this heterogeneity given the controversial anxiety–impulsivity relationships. However, how impulsivity contributes to the heterogeneous symptomatology, neurobiology, neurocognition and clinical trajectories in preadolescent internalising disorders remains unclear.

Aims

The aim was to determine impulsivity-dependent subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders that demonstrate distinct anxiety–impulsivity relationships, neurobiological, genetic, cognitive and clinical trajectory signatures.

Method

We applied a data-driven strategy to determine impulsivity-related subtypes in 2430 preadolescents with internalising disorders from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were employed to examine subtype-specific signatures of the anxiety–impulsivity relationship, brain morphology, cognition and clinical trajectory from age 10 to 12 years.

Results

We identified two distinct subtypes of patients who internalise with comparably high anxiety yet distinguishable levels of impulsivity, i.e. enhanced (subtype 1) or decreased (subtype 2) compared with control participants. The two subtypes exhibited opposing anxiety–impulsivity relationships: higher anxiety at baseline was associated with higher lack of perseverance in subtype 1 but lower sensation seeking in subtype 2 at baseline/follow-up. Subtype 1 demonstrated thicker prefrontal and temporal cortices, and genes enriched in immune-related diseases and glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Subtype 1 exhibited cognitive deficits and a detrimental trajectory characterised by increasing emotional/behavioural dysregulations and suicide risks during follow-up.

Conclusions

Our results indicate impulsivity-dependent subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders and unify past controversies about the anxiety–impulsivity interaction. Clinically, individuals with a high-impulsivity subtype exhibit a detrimental trajectory, thus early interventions are warranted.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Abiraterone Acetate for Patients Affected by Oligometastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial (ARTO)
Authors: Francolini Giulio , Allegra Andrea Gaetano , Detti Beatrice , Di Cataldo Vanessa , Caini Saverio , Bruni Alessio , Ingrosso Gianluca , D'Angelillo Rolando Maria , Alitto Anna Rita , Augugliaro Matteo , Triggiani Luca , Parisi Silvana , Facchini Gaetano , Banini Marco , Simontacchi Gabriele , Desideri Isacco , Meattini Icro , Valicenti Richard K. , Livi Lorenzo ,   on behalf of the ARTO Working Group members, Marvaso Giulia , Alongi Filippo , Arcidiacono Fabio , Lancia Andrea , Genovesi Domenico , Franzese Ciro , Timon Giorgia , Greto Daniela , Loi Mauro , Valzano Marianna , Bonomo Pierluigi , Mangoni Monica , Becherini Carlotta , Tagliagambe Angiolo , Doro Raffaela , Masi Laura
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE

ARTO (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03449719 ) is a multicenter, phase II randomized clinical trial testing the benefit of adding stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP) in patients with oligometastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All patients were affected by oligometastatic CRPC as defined as three or less nonvisceral metastatic lesions. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either AAP alone (control arm) or AAP with concomitant SBRT to all the sites of disease (experimental arm). Primary end point was the rate of biochemical response (BR), defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decrease ≥50% from baseline measured at 6 months from treatment start. Complete BR (CBR), defined as PSA < 0.2 ng/mL at 6 months from treatment, and progression-free survival (PFS) were secondary end points.

RESULTS

One hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled between January 2019 and September 2022. BR was detected in 79.6% of patients (92% v 68.3% in the experimental v control arm, respectively), with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.34 (95% CI, 2.05 to 13.88; P = .001) in favor of the experimental arm. CBR was detected in 38.8% of patients (56% v 23.2% in the experimental v control arm, respectively), with an OR of 4.22 (95% CI, 2.12 to 8.38; P < .001). SBRT yielded a significant PFS improvement, with a hazard ratio for progression of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.57; P < .001) in the experimental versus control arm.

CONCLUSION

The trial reached its primary end point of biochemical control and PFS, suggesting a clinical advantage for SBRT in addition to first-line AAP treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Regulatory Challenges: Is a Surrogate End Point Instead of Overall Survival Enough for Regulatory Approval of (Neo)Adjuvant Cancer Treatment? The Swissmedic Perspective
Authors: Pavic Matea , Wolfer Anita , Li Qiyu , Gircys Arunas , Juritz Stephanie , Wicki Andreas , Cerny Thomas , Rohr Ulrich-Peter
Published: September 2023

Surrogate end point only is not enough—the Swiss regulator`s perspective on (neo)adjuvant trials.
Feasibility of Symptom Monitoring During the First Year of Endocrine Therapy for Early Breast Cancer Using Patient-Reported Outcomes Collected via Smartphone App
Authors: Smith Karen Lisa , Tsai Hua-Ling , Lim David , Wang Chenguang , Nunes Raquel , Wilkinson Mary J. , Sheng Jennifer Y. , Couzi Rima , Fetting John , Riley Carol , Wolff Antonio C. , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Papathakis Katie , Collins-Chase Lauren , Hilton Christie , Thorner Elissa , Montanari Amanda , Ikejiani Dara , Snyder Claire , Stearns Vered
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE

Treatment-associated symptoms drive early discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer. We hypothesized that symptom monitoring with electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) during adjuvant ET will enhance symptom detection, symptom management, and persistence.

METHODS

Eligible patients were initiating ET for stage 0-III breast cancer. Participants completed ePRO surveys via smartphone at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Measures included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Vaginal Discomfort; plus Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events items assessing joint pain, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, concentration problems, and memory problems. Scores surpassing prespecified thresholds triggered alerts, and recommended symptom management pathways were provided to clinicians. The primary objective was to evaluate feasibility, assessed by survey completion rates, with targets of >65% for the baseline survey and ≥1 follow-up survey during the first 6 months. Secondary objectives included 12-month ET discontinuation rate (target: ≤15%), describing symptoms and evaluating pathway implementation.

RESULTS

Among 250 participants, 73.2% completed the baseline survey and 69.6% completed ≥1 follow-up survey during the first 6 months. Thirty-one percent of participants had ≥1 symptom alert at baseline and 74% had ≥1 symptom alert during follow-up. The proportions of participants for whom pathway-concordant symptom management was documented at each time point ranged from 12.8% to 36.6%. Twenty-eight participants (11.2%) discontinued ET by 12 months.

CONCLUSION

Symptom monitoring with ePROs during adjuvant ET is feasible. Despite infrequent documentation of pathway-concordant symptom management after symptom alerts, ePROs were associated with favorable short-term ET persistence.
From observer-dependent facts to frame-dependent measurement records in Wigner friend scenarios
Authors: Allam J. , Matzkin A.
Published: September 2023

The description of Wigner friend scenarios —in which external agents describe a closed laboratory containing a friend making a measurement— remains problematic due to the ambiguous nature of quantum measurements. One option is to endorse assumptions leading to observer-dependent facts, given that the friend's measurement outcome is not defined from the point of view of the external observers. We introduce in this work a model in a relativistic context showing that these assumptions can also lead to measurement records that depend on the inertial reference frame in which the agents make their observations. Our model is based on an entangled pair shared by the friend and a distant agent performing space-like separated measurements. An external observer at rest relative to the closed laboratory and observers in a moving frame do not agree on the observed records, which are not Lorentz transforms of one another.
Influence of Intravenous S-Ketamine on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Morphine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lohela Terhi J. , Poikola Satu , Backmansson Daniel , Lapatto-Reiniluoto Outi , Backman Janne T. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Lilius Tuomas O.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Subanesthetic ketamine may reduce perioperative consumption of opioids. We studied whether intravenous S-ketamine alters the pharmacokinetics of oral morphine in healthy volunteers.

METHODS:

In this paired, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 12 participants under a 2-hour intravenous S-ketamine (0.57 mg/kg/h) or placebo infusion received oral morphine (0.2 mg/kg) at 30 minutes. Plasma concentrations of ketamine, morphine, and their major metabolites were quantified for 24 hours. The primary end point was area under the curve (AUC)0–24 of morphine. Other pharmacokinetic variables for morphine and its metabolites were studied as secondary end points. The data were analyzed as between-phase comparisons for each participant using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests (t
max) or paired t-tests on log-transformed variables (other variables).

RESULTS:

While the AUC0–24 was similar between the 2 phases, S-ketamine reduced the AUC0–1.5 of oral morphine by 69% (ratio to control, 0.31; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.65; P = .0171) and increased its t
max from 0.5 (range, 0.50–1.5) to 1.0 hour (range, 0.50–4.0; P = .010). The AUC0–1.5 of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) was reduced by 84% (0.16; 90% CI, 0.07–0.37; P = .0025) and maximum plasma concentration (C
max) by 43% (0.57; 90% CI, 0.40–0.81; P = .0155), while its t
max was increased from 1.5 (range, 1.0–2.0) to 4.0 (range, 1.0–8.0; P = .0094) hours by S-ketamine. Similarly, the AUC0–1.5 of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) was reduced by 85% (0.15; 90% CI, 0.05–0.43; P = .0083), and t
max increased from 1.0 (range, 0.5–1.5) to 4.0 hours (range, 1.0–8.0; P = .0063). In addition, the M6G-to-morphine and M3G-to-morphine metabolic AUC ratios were decreased by 47% (0.53; 90% CI, 0.39–0.71; P = .0033) and 52% (0.48; 90% CI, 0.27–0.85; P = .0043) during 0 to 1.5 hours and by 15% (0.85; 90% CI, 0.78–0.92; P = .0057) and 10% (0.90; 90% CI, 0.83–0.98; P = .0468) during 0 to 24 hours, respectively. One participant was excluded from the analyses due to vomiting in the S-ketamine phase.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravenous S-ketamine inhibited the metabolism of oral morphine and delayed its absorption, resulting in a net reduction in the exposure to morphine during the first 1.5 hours. Intravenous S-ketamine may delay the absorption and impair the efficacy of orally administered analgesics and other drugs.
Administration of Milrinone Following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair Increases Postoperative Volume Administration Without Improving Cardiac Output
Authors: Saengsin Kwannapas , Sperotto Francesca , Lu Minmin , Garcia Mancebo Julia , Sacco Elizabeth , Godsay Manasee , DiNardo James A. , Kheir John N.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are known to relieve symptoms in the setting of heart failure, although their effects in restrictive ventricular physiology have been poorly characterized. We explored the association between the use of milrinone and volume administration during the first 72 hours following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

METHODS:

We reviewed all cases of primary surgical repair of TOF with pulmonary stenosis or atresia at Boston Children’s Hospital between 2011 and 2020. To adjust for baseline differences between patients who did and did not receive milrinone, we matched patients with similar propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio (use of milrinone versus not). We then compared the need for volume administration during the first 72 hours postoperatively, vital signs, and measures of cardiac output between the matched cohorts. Additionally, in the group of patients receiving milrinone, linear regression modeling was used to explore the relationship between total dose of milrinone and total volume administration.

RESULTS:

Among 351 included patients, 134 received perioperative milrinone. A total of 212 patients (106 per group) were matched based on anatomic and surgical risks using a propensity score. After propensity matching, compared with nonmilrinone-treated patients, milrinone-treated patients were given postoperative volume more frequently (66% vs 52%; difference 14% [95% confidence interval, CI, 1%–27%]; P = .036). Milrinone-treated patients had a slower recovery of tachycardia during the first 12 hours (difference in slope 0.30 [95% CI, 0.14–0.47] beats per minute [BPM]/h; P < .001), and the intergroup difference peaked at 12 hours postoperatively (8 [95% CI, 5–12] BPM). Milrinone administration was not associated with improved cardiac output, including arteriovenous oxyhemoglobin saturation difference. In propensity-matched patients receiving milrinone, the total volume administered during the first 72 postoperative hours was significantly associated with the cumulative dose of postoperative milrinone (r = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38; P = .036). Based on the slope of the regression line, for every 1000 µg/kg of milrinone (equivalent to ~0.25 µg/kg/min for 72 hours) administered in the first 72 postoperative hours, an estimated 11.0 (95% CI, 0.6–21.4) mL/kg additional volume was administered.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of milrinone within the first 72 hours following TOF repair is associated with more frequent administration of volume, a positive association between a higher total dose of postoperative milrinone and the amount of postoperative volume administered, a higher heart rate, and a lower blood pressure, but is not associated with improved cardiac output.
The Spatiality of Poverty in Modern Chinese Realism
Authors: Cai Keru
Published: September 2023

Early twentieth-century Chinese realist depictions of indoor space, such as the crowded tenement house and the penniless writer’s abode, enabled the portrayal of the physical and psychological exigencies of poverty. This set of narrative concerns arose in a period when Chinese writers were preoccupied with the alleged material and cultural poverty of China in comparison to the West. To remedy this purported backwardness, Chinese writers appropriated from foreign literatures, especially Russian realism, narrative themes and techniques such as the use of metonymy in the depiction of spatiality, the figure of the impoverished flâneur-like urban perambulator, and the very topic of poverty itself. This gave rise to innovative forms of modern Chinese narrative, tracing the spatial, material, and bodily experience of poverty in painstaking detail. In particular, I examine how Yu Dafu elaborates on literary elements from Russia in his 1924 story “Nights of Spring Fever,” which deploys the metonymic confines of impoverished, narrow spaces in order to explore wider topics of social class and transcultural encounter.
Chloroplast protein translocation pathways and ubiquitin-dependent regulation at a glance
Authors: Nellaepalli Sreedhar , Lau Anne Sophie , Jarvis R. Paul
Published: September 2023

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and numerous metabolic and signalling processes that enable plant growth and development. Most of the ∼3000 proteins in chloroplasts are nucleus encoded and must be imported from the cytosol. Thus, the protein import machinery of the organelle (the TOC-TIC apparatus) is of fundamental importance for chloroplast biogenesis and operation. Cytosolic factors target chloroplast precursor proteins to the TOC-TIC apparatus, which drives protein import across the envelope membranes into the organelle, before various internal systems mediate downstream routing to different suborganellar compartments. The protein import system is proteolytically regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), enabling centralized control over the organellar proteome. In addition, the UPS targets a range of chloroplast proteins directly. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present mechanistic details of these different chloroplast protein targeting and translocation events, and of the UPS systems that regulate chloroplast proteins.
Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Effect in the Ordered Smectic Phases of Chiral π-Conjugated Liquid Crystals: Improved Current-Voltage Characteristics by Efficient Fixation of Polar Structure
Authors: Seki Atsushi , Funahashi Masahiro , Aoki Ken’ichi
Published: September 2023

We synthesized four liquid-crystalline (LC) compounds with extended π-conjugation, incorporating a chiral branched-alkoxy chain. These compounds displayed ferroelectric chiral smectic C (SmC*) and ordered smectic phases. The carrier transport properties in the LC phases were characterized using the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Although all four chiral phenylterthiophene derivatives exhibited nondispersive hole conduction in the SmC* phases, nondispersive transient curves in the ordered smectic phases were limited. Notably, clear nondispersive photocurrent decays were observed in the ordered smectic phase of an LC compound containing an (R)-3-octyloxy moiety as the chiral unit. This compound achieved hole mobility of 4 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the ordered phase at 114 °C. The polar structure induced by poling treatment in the ferroelectric SmC* phase of the chiral LC compound was successfully stabilized with a lower electric field than previously reported systems. We confirmed the presence of the ferroelectric bulk photovoltaic effect in the polarized structure of the chiral-ordered smectic phase. Furthermore, we observed an enhancement in the output performance for the bulk photovoltaic effect due to the efficient stabilization of the polar structure.
Implementation of distributed arithmetic-based symmetrical 2-D block finite impulse response filter architectures
Authors: Chowdari Ch Pratyusha , Seventline J.B.
Published: September 2023

Background: This paper presents an efficient two-dimensional (2-D) finite impulse response (FIR) filter using block processing for two different symmetries. Architectures for a general filter (without symmetry) and two symmetrical filters (diagonal and quadrantal symmetry) are implemented. The proposed architectures need fewer multipliers because of the symmetry of the filter coefficients.

Methods: A distributed arithmetic (DA)- based multiplication method is used in the proposed architecture. A dual-port memory-based lookup table (DP-MLUT) is used in the multiplication instead of lookup-table (LUT) to reduce the area and power of the FIR filter. The filter's throughput is increased by using block processing. Memory reuse and memory sharing methods are introduced, which reduces the need for many registers and hence the circuit complexity. The architectures are written in Verilog  Hardware Description Language  and synthesized using Genus Synthesis tool-19.1 in 45nm technology with a generic library of Cadence vendor constraints. The synthesis tool generates the area, delay, and power reports. Power consumption of architectures is calculated with an image size of 64 X 64 and at 20 MHz frequency.

Results: Compared to existing architectures, the synthesis results show improvements in power, area, area delay product (ADP), and power delay product (PDP). The proposed MLUT-based 2-D block Quadrantal Symmetry Filter (QSF) for length 8 with block size 4 consumes 58.94% less power, occupies 59.5% less area, 48.44% less ADP and 47.78% less PDP compared to best existing methods.

Conclusions: A novel DA-based 2-D block FIR filter architecture  with various symmetries is realized. Symmetry is incorporated into the filter coefficients to minimize the number of multipliers. The LUT size is optimized by odd multiples or even multiples storage techniques. Also, the overall area of the architecture is decreased by DP-LUT-based multipliers. The proposed filter architecture is area-power-efficient. It is best suited for applications that have fixed coefficients.
Examining the link between social exclusion and social-risk taking: a correlational and experimental investigation
Authors: Pfundmair Michaela , Lermer Eva
Published: September 2023

Background: Previous research has consistently shown that social exclusion increases the proclivity for risk-taking. However, theoretical approaches like the Social Risk Hypothesis suggest that this relationship flips when confronted with social risks. Accordingly, the current study hypothesized that social exclusion decreases the propensity for social risks, in contrast to that for risks of other domains.

Methods: To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a correlational pre-study and an experimental main study. In the latter, we tested our assumption manipulating exclusion vs. inclusion using the Cyberball and Future-Life paradigms.

Results: Results of the pre-study revealed that exclusion was linked to some forms of risk-taking, however, not to risk-taking in social domains. The main study showed that an experimental induced instance of social exclusion dampened the propensity for social risks. It further disclosed this effect’s boundary condition: When individuals were socially excluded to a more severe extent, they did not demonstrate such a risk-averse reaction. Moreover, we identified low dominance as a mediator for the dampening effect of exclusion on social risk-taking.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that social risk aversion in the aftermath of social exclusion might be an adaptive strategy in the short-term because the prevention of social risks and humble behaviors reduce signals of threat and elicit signals of support. However, this strategy might also produce a vicious circle of exclusion and, thus, higher costs in the long-term.
Why do «neighbouring» powers help? India, China, Russia, and their approaches to development in 2001–2021 Afghanistan
Authors: Dałek Przemysław
Published: September 2023

The paper identifies the development approaches of China, India, and Russia towards 2001–2021 Afghanistan, and investigates the complex mechanism of their impact on international relations in the region of wider Central Asia. The main finding is that only India has tried to incorporate Afghanistan into its regional economic initiatives. For China and Russia, Afghanistan has been a ‘troubled neighbour’, and they acted as free riders benefiting from the US security and economic presence there, regardless of their claims. Despite its minor activity in Afghanistan, China is becoming the most dominant actor in the region by cooperating with Pakistan. Therefore, India tended to oppose Chinese efforts by providing huge funding to Afghanistan to balance Chinese influence. Meanwhile, Russia was increasingly limiting its activity, both in Afghanistan and the region, and tried to balance the influence of other powers by diplomatic means. The article also proves that, despite their membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and their association in the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) Group, emerging donors in fact did not cooperate for Afghanistan’s development, and also did not try to compete with Western donors in this regard.
A cross-sectional analysis identifies a low prevalence of Plasmodium ovale species infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Kilifi county, Kenya.
Authors: Akinyi Mercy Yvonne , Chifwete Margaret , Ndwiga Leonard , Kimenyi Kelvin Muteru , Osoti Victor , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella
Published: September 2023

Background: The focus on P. falciparum diagnosis has led to an underestimation of the global burden of malaria resulting from neglected Plasmodium species. However, there is still scarce data on the prevalence of P. ovale globally. To address this knowledge gap, data collected from cross-sectional studies in Kilifi county were used to: 1) determine the prevalence of P. ovale species infections; and 2) determine the sensitivity of different diagnostic assays in detecting P. ovale species  infections.

Methods: A total of 531 individuals were sampled across three study sites in Kilifi County, Kenya between 2009 and 2020. Blood smears were prepared from peripheral blood and screened for Plasmodium parasite stages using light microscopy. Molecular screening involved DNA extraction of dried blood spots and blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the 18 small ribosomal subunit and sequencing.

Results: Microscopy screening revealed that the most prevalent species was P. falciparum (32.0%) followed by P. malariae (9.0%) and then P. ovale (1.5%). PCR screening identified additional P. ovale species positives cases. Overall, 48 (8.2%) out of the 531 individuals harbored P. ovale species  infection with the highest prevalence reported in the tertiary health facility, (14.6%, 95% CI 8-23.6%), followed by the primary health facility (8.6%, 95% CI 5.4-11.9%), and the community from a cross-sectional blood survey, (6.5%, 95% CI 3.0-11.8%). Microscopy screening for P. ovale had a low sensitivity of 7% (95% CI 1-19-30%) and a high specificity of 99% (95% CI 98-100%). Sequencing results confirmed the presence of P.ovale curtisi.

Conclusions: This study provides baseline data for P. ovale species  surveillance  in Kilifi County, primarily using PCR to improve diagnosis. These results suggest that malaria elimination and eradication efforts should not only concentrate on P. falciparum but should embrace a holistic approach towards elimination of all Plasmodium species.
Packaging cost-effectiveness models in R: A tutorial.
Authors: Smith Robert , Mohammed Wael , Schneider Paul
Published: September 2023

Background: The use of programming languages such as R in health economics and decision science is increasing, and brings numerous benefits including increasing model development efficiency, improving transparency, and reducing human error. However, there is limited guidance on how to best develop models using R. So far, no clear consensus has emerged.

Methods: We present the advantages of creating health economic models as R packages - structured collections of functions, data sets, tests, and documentation. Assuming an intermediate understanding of R, we provide a tutorial to demonstrate how to construct a basic R package for health economic evaluation. All source code used in or referenced by this paper is available under an open-source licence.

Case Study: We use the Sick Sicker Model as a case study applying the steps from the tutorial to standardise model development, documentation and aid review. This can improve the distribution of code, thereby streamlining model development, and improving methods in health economic evaluation.

Conclusion: R packages offer a valuable framework for enhancing the quality and transparency of health economic evaluation models. Embracing better, more standardised software development practices, while fostering a collaborative culture, has the potential to significantly improve the quality of health economic models, and, ultimately, support better decision making in healthcare.
The genome sequence of the centipede Strigamia acuminata (Leach, 1816)
Authors: Edgecombe Gregory D. , Sivell Duncan ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual maleStrigamia acuminata(centipede; Arthropoda; Chilopoda; Geophilomorpha; Geophilidae; Linotaeniinae). The genome sequence is 237.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.07 kilobases in length.
Molecular Identification of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Associated with Mosaic Disease of Pumpkin from Central India
Authors: Prasad Kushvaha Ram , Singh Parihar Shailendra , Kumar Snehi Sunil
Published: September 2023

The Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is an emerging disease of pumpkin associated with mosaic disease in central, India. Symptomatic pumpkin leaf samples from different locations in the Bhopal district were collected and confirmed for begomovirus disease by PCR using a begomovirus coat-protein gene-specific primer. All five samples were amplified, expecting ~800 bp of amplicons of associated begomovirus; these amplicons were purified and sequenced for identification of begomovirus species associated with mosaic disease on the pumpkin. The consensus nucleotide sequence data were submitted to the NCBI database under the accession numbers OQ320768, OQ320770, OQ320774, OQ116977, and OQ116978. The understudy begomovirus isolates showed the highest 95–97% nucleotide sequence identities and close phylogenetic relationships with several isolates of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. To our knowledge, this was the first record of the Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with the mosaic disease of pumpkin in Central India.
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) phenology in relation to topoclimate in Central Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Kamoutsis Athanasios , Matsoukis Aristidis , Bolla Vrisiis
Published: September 2023

Plant phenological behavior is strongly dependent on climate conditions. In the current research, the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) phenology response to topoclimate conditions, as mainly determined by air temperature, was investigated at two agricultural regions of the Region of Central Macedonia, Greece, Giannitsa Pellas and Rachi Pierias. In this regard, phenological observations were collected in order to evaluate the timing of appearance of the following phenophases: bud burst-green leaf tips (BBCH 53), flower bud visible-still closed (BBCH 55), pink bud stage-flower petals elongating-visible sepals slightly open (BBCH 57), and full flowering at least 50% (BBCH 65). Also, air temperature data were taken from agrometeorological stations which covered the study regions. Results showed that higher maximum and lower minimum air temperatures prevailed during almost the whole year at the plain of Giannitsa than those of Rachi. Earlier appearance of the examined apple phenophases was confirmed at Giannitsa, in comparison to Rachi, increasing the damage risk of vulnerable plant tissues during the bud development and flowering from the late spring frosts. It seems that the maximum and minimum air temperatures of March are decisive for the appearance o BBCH 53, 55 and 57 phenophases while those of April are considered as crucial factors for the onset of BBCH 65. The knowledge of relation between apple tree phenology and topoclimate, in terms of air temperature, may provide valuable information for farmers' decision-making regarding the rational planning of cultivation techniques.
Evaluation of Postharvest Losses of Banana Growers in North East India: An Ordered Probit Analysis
Authors: Das Tiken , Ahmed Abdullah
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to examine postharvest losses encountered by banana cultivators in the northeastern Indian states of Assam and Meghalaya across three discrete temporal phases: prior to the onset of COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the aftermath of COVID-19. A total of 100 households, distributed among the selected villages with 10 households per village, were chosen through a random selection process. Furthermore, the current study evaluates the impact of diverse socio-economic variables on these losses through the application of an ordered probit model. The findings of the study suggested that, during both pre- and post-COVID 19 periods, the postharvest losses of banana farmer ranges between 1 to 32%, whereas, it was between 34 to 70% during COVID 19 period. Moreover, the study argued that the postharvest losses of banana farmers were influenced by the locational indicator, education, farming experience, land pattern as well as some other production and cost related factors of farmers. Despite this, the factors that influenced postharvest losses exhibited a significant change in direction across the various time periods. The study suggests that in less developed regions such as North East India, decreasing postharvest losses could play a vital role in alleviating poverty and fostering rural advancement by creating more opportunities for agribusiness livelihoods.
Methodological principles of the problem of formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pyvovarova Hanna
Published: September 2023

The article “Methodological foundations of the problem of formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers” focuses on research and analysis of the process of formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers. The author examines in detail the theoretical foundations of this problem, key methodological principles and paradigms. The definition and justification of the methodological foundations of the problem of the formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers are given. The article covers important aspects of pedagogical science, such as the role of cultural values in the modern educational process and the peculiarities of their formation in higher educational institutions. The article presents an analysis of the essence of the concept of «methodology» and «approach». Scientific approaches to the study of the problem of the formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers are disclosed: axiological, cultural, competence, activity, environmental, subjectsubject, reflective. Certain regularities of the formation of cultural values of future primary school teachers are singled out. The leading principles on which the methodology of this study is based are outlined, namely: taking into account the age, individual psychophysiological characteristics, abilities of future primary school teachers; systematicity and consistency; complexity; flexibility; self-actualization; subjectivity; the principle of axiologising the educational environment of higher education; the principle of cooperation of various subjects in the process of forming the cultural values of future primary school teachers through the interaction of higher education with various social institutions (educational institutions, cultural institutions, social institutions). The article is important for scientists, teachers, students in the field of pedagogy, as well as everyone who is interested in the problems of cultural values in modern education.
Modern approach to conducting practical fitness classes in wartime conditions
Authors:   MI ", Shkola Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Zhamardiy Valerii ,   Poltava State Medical University, Sychov Dmytro ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: September 2023

The article highlights the problem of distance education in wartime conditions, defines the place and role of information and communication technologies in the process of distance education in fitness, focuses on the interactive approach to conducting lectures and practical classes on the educational components of the “Fitness” specialization, suggests the expediency of software delivery methods lecture and practical material for students of higher education. It was determined that to ensure effective interaction during distance learning in the academy, a whole range of means is used: interactive computer programs for determining physical condition during fitness classes, various Internet services, e-mail, telephone, fax, regular mail. Also, the Zoom web platform and Google services fully met the specified distance learning requirements: Blogger, Google Classroom; Google Forms web application; the Google Chrome tool, which were chosen as the main tools for conducting lectures and practical classes on educational components in the specialty 017 Physical culture and sports. The main advantages of certain web services that help with distance learning are considered. It was determined that distance learning technologies allow for the qualitative formation of professional competences when studying the organization of the educational process in fitness. The teacher’s task is to choose the most optimal software products and use a variety of tools that allow to implement the principles of education and achieve the desired result as much as possible.
Gut microbiota: a perspective for colorectal cancer
Authors: Milani Payam Gonbari , Soleimani Roya Abedi , khani Nader , Rad Aziz Homayouni
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths globally, resulting in 700 000 deaths every year. It is the third most common cancer in both men and women, with approximately 1.36 million new cases reported annually. Studies suggest that the microbiota can play a significant role in preventing colon cancer and aiding recovery during intestinal inflammation. Research has shown that certain gut microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus spp, can positively impact these processes. This review explores the connection between colon cancer and gut microbiota, how probiotic bacteria can lower the risk of cancer, and the potential of using probiotics and postbiotics as an effective strategy for cancer prevention. Existing evidence indicates that specific probiotics potentially possess anticarcinogenic properties. However, additional research is required to comprehend the precise mechanisms that are specific to the host.
Real-Time Tracking Based on Improved YOLOv5 Detection in Orchard Environment for Dragon Fruit
Authors: Wang ChaoFeng , Wang Congyue , Wang Lele , Li Yuanhong , Lan Yubin
Published: September 2023

Highlights

This method has achieved faster detection speed while maintaining accuracy.

It is a real-time tracking method that can track dragon fruits in orchard environments in real-time.

The introduction of an attention mechanism in the network provides good robustness to changes in lighting and target scale.

Abstract. This article addresses the issue of dragon fruit real-time detection in orchard environments and proposes a real-time detection and tracking model for dragon fruit using an improved YOLOv5 object detection algorithm and Deep-sort object tracking algorithm. By applying real-time tracking to dragon fruit harvesting, the tracking algorithm provides timely feedback on the fruit's location, allowing for prompt correction of environmental issues that may affect the accuracy of the harvesting process. This approach enhances the robustness of the target positioning algorithm. First,based on the YOLOv5 object detection algorithm, the Convolutional Block Attention Module and Transformer self-attention mechanism are introduced to construct a YOLOv5s-DFT object detection model that is more suitable for dragon fruit detection. Next, Combining the Deep-sort multi-object tracking algorithm, this article proposes a real-time detection and tracking method for dragon fruit in the orchard environment. The YOLOv5s-DFT model was trained and experimented with using a self-built dataset. The trained model weight is only 19.26% of YOLOv7. The experimental result shows that, while ensuring detection accuracy, YOLOv5s-DFT has a faster detection speed in dragon fruit detection, with an average frame time of 0.01673 s, which is 0.00422 s faster than the original YOLOv5s. When tracking dragon fruit using the Deep-sort tracking algorithm, it can track dragon fruit at a speed of 47.08 frames per second. When utilizing the Deep-sort tracking algorithm to track dragon fruit, it achieves a tracking speed of 47.08 frames per second, enabling real-time acquisition of the fruit's position information. This technology provides technical assistance for the intelligent harvesting of dragon fruit and the intelligent management of dragon fruit orchards. Keywords: Dragon fruit, Improved YOLOv5, Orchard environment, Real-time tracking.
RESENHA
Authors: Silva Maria da Luz
Published: September 2023

O presente estudo, do tipo exploratório ou survey, objetiva identificar os fatores psicossociais que interferem na adaptação do paraplégico a nova condição de vida. À amostra envolveu 43 indivíduos acometidos de paraplegia, procedentes de instituições destinadas a pessoas deficientes físicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O instrumento é um formulário para entrevista, delineado para investigar os aspectos relativos à percepção quanto ao que significa a incapacidade para si próprio e para as pessoas que fazem parte do seu grupo social. À análise estatística dos resultados obtidos permite afirmar-se que: a adaptação do paraplégico a nova condição de vida independe do grupo social: família e comunidade, contudo, está diretamente relacionada à causa da deficiência física.
Introduction (or unleashing the kraken)
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the reader to the aim of the book and its purpose. The structure of the book is set out chapter by chapter, as is the structure and content of chapters. Every chapter concludes with a summary and suggestions for further reading and resources.
Human and police decision-making
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins with a brief exploration of how human beings make decisions, with reference to evolutionary psychology and the pioneering research on cognitive bias conducted by psychologists including Kahneman and Tversky. Next, how police make decisions was explored, including and introduction to Problem-Orientated Policing (POP), the SARA problem-solving model, and discussion of the National Decision Model, developed to help UK police make decisions, before concluding with a focus on how cognitive bias can have a negative influence on criminal investigations, with reference to the research on accusations of police victim blaming in the investigation of sexual offences.
Psychology and police wellbeing
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how psychological research and policing can heavily interact when examining how police work can negatively affect the wellbeing of police personnel. The brief review of the research in this area presented here suffices to demonstrate the existence of different types and levels of impact on police wellbeing, according to different types of police work, including different types of criminal investigation: general investigative work, child sexual abuse investigation, and crime scene investigation.
Psychology and policing: taking stock and where do we go from here?
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter is short in order to better encourage the reader into feeling that this book is more of a beginning than an end, more of a work in progress than fait accompli. If achieved, then it is hoped it will either provoke or stimulate further thought as to where the relationship between psychological research and knowledge and policing might need to focus and develop in the future. Some areas suggested include, how police–researcher relationships might blossom, police wellbeing and psychology, and policing and the internet (cybercrime).
Making a Life on Mean Welfare
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Research documenting lived experiences of welfare rarely pays sustained attention to the multicultural realities that welfare users occupy. This book brings together Anglo-settler, Indigenous and minority ethnic stories of navigating the practical hurdles and cultural assumptions of Australia’s welfare system. It argues for more sustained attention to culturally diverse lives on welfare without reifying cultural difference or reducing people to the category of ‘welfare recipient’. The book is based on ethnographic research in southwest Sydney, a region popularly known as one of the most multicultural in Australia and targeted as a ‘disadvantaged area’ in place-based conditional welfare trials. The aim of foregrounding diverse and multifaceted accounts of welfare is informed by the author’s own experience of growing up in a poor, white family reliant on welfare. The book takes ‘responsibility’ and ‘vulnerability’ as starting points to explore how dominant cultural scripts about need and support interact with the diverse versions of obligation that make up everyday life. The book problematises how welfare policy moralises the actions, life chances and choices of people receiving government income support. At the same time, it shows the multiple cultural resources welfare users draw on to position themselves as moral subjects in strained circumstances.
A hand up, not a handout
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 provides the big picture backdrop for the rest of the book by placing Australia’s welfare system in international and historical context. It gives an overview of the resurgence and rise of more meagre and punitive welfare in Australia and the targeting of sanctions and supports at the most vulnerable welfare users with ‘complex needs’. While moral distinctions between the ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ poor have returned to prominence over the last three decades, they are deeply rooted in the foundations of the Australian welfare state. The chapter briefly outlines the history of exclusions and ‘conditional inclusion’ embedded in welfare provision, and how the settler-colonial welfare state dealt with Indigenous and non-white immigrant difference. The chapter concludes by situating Australian developments in relation to similar shifts in the UK, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Canada.
Problems of access in community welfare
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Chapter 4 continues the focus on reciprocity and welfare access. It foregrounds interviews and observations with frontline practitioners in community welfare organisations. It shows how ideas about positive and negative access inform judgements about the initiative of welfare users as a sign of empowered responsibility or dependent opportunism. The chapter refers to Michael Lipsky, Andrew Sayer and Tess Lea to flesh out ‘judgement’ as an emotional and bodily practice and to account for the resonance of certain scripts of access – such as ‘deserving vulnerability’ and ‘empowered responsibility’ – with frontline workers. The chapter argues that gratitude is the point where the problems of access and of cultural difference appear to intersect. Some cultural styles and demeanours become marked as arrogant and expectant and others as humble and receptive.