bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric and semantic quality assessments of building features in OpenStreetMap for some areas of Istanbul
Authors: Basaraner Melih
Published: January 2021

Nowadays volunteered geographic information (VGI) and collaborative mapping projects such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) have gained popularity as they not only offer free data but also allow crowdsourced contributions. Spatial data entry in this manner creates quality concerns for further use of the VGI data. In this regard, this article focuses on the assessments of geometric and semantic quality of the OSM building features (BFs) against a large-scale topographic (TOPO) data belonging to some areas of Istanbul. The comparison is carried out based on the one-to-one matched BFs according to a geometric matching ratio. In geometric terms, various parameters of position (i.e. X, Y), size (i.e. area, perimeter and granularity), shape (i.e. convexity, circularity, elongation, equivalent rectangular index, rectangularity and roughness index), and orientation (i.e. orientation angle) elements are computed and compared. In semantic terms, BF type coherences are evaluated. According to the findings of geometric quality, the average positional difference was less than three meters. In addition, the perimeter values tended to decrease while area and granularity values tended to increase in OSM data against TOPO data. Those showed that the level of the detail of the OSM BFs was lower than TOPO BFs in general. This was also confirmed by the decreasing tendency of shape complexity according to the parameters of shape element. Orientation angle differences was often low except for some special cases. It was found that the scale of the OSM dataset, even though not homogenous, approximately corresponded to the lower limit of medium scale maps (i.e. 1:10,000) or a slightly smaller scale. According to the findings of semantic quality, in case of the presence of specific type definition, the coherence was rather high between OSM and TOPO BFs while the most OSM BFs did not have a specific type attribute. This study showed that the matching process needed some improvements while the followed approach was largely successful in the evaluation of the matched buildings from geometric and semantic aspects.
Monte Carlo characterization of the gold nanoparticles dose enhancement and estimation of the physical interactions weight in dose enhancement mechanism
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Ghiasi Hosein
Published: January 2021

Radiosensitization of the cancer cells by the heavy atoms of nanoparticles was the subject of some studies. But, the physical characterization to determine the weight of all interactions hasn’t been made numerically. The aim of this study was to calculate and compare the dose enhancement (DE) for different energies. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used in the current study. The influence of gold nanoparticles (GNP) size, beam quality, the GNP concentration, and dose inhomogeneity on the radiosensitization by DE was studied. A 35% increase in the photoelectric effect was observed while energy decreased from 18 MV to 300 kV. In the microscopic study which DE calculated in 30 µm from a single GNP, a 79% decreasing in DE within the first 1µm was seen and it declined to 2% in 30 µm from the GNP center. The effect was observed at small distances only. Our study revealed that the dose inhomogeneity around a nanoparticle is the main and very strong effect of DE on a macroscopic scale. In the location which 35% DE occurs most malignant cells survival will be effectively reduced. Our research indicates the need for further research.
Automated determination of chest characteristics of Indonesians as the basis of chest dosimetrical phantom design
Authors: Heryani Heryani , Anam Choirul , Sutanto Heri , Reskianto Ari Dwi , Dougherty Geoff
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop software to automatically measure the main areas of the chest, i.e. soft tissue, bone, and air and to implement it in Kraton Regional General Hospital for designing a specific dosimetrical phantom for chest digital radiography (DR) examination.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study on all DR images from 2015 to 2019, and computed tomography (CT) images of 102 patients in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format files scanned from January-December 2019 at the Kraton Regional General Hospital. We evaluated the number of basic DR chest examinations compared to all DR radiological examinations. We developed a MatLab graphical user interface (GUI) for automated measurement of the areas of the main chest components (soft tissue, bone, and air). We computed the areas of the main components of the chest in order to develop a specific chest phantom for DR in the hospital. In order to compute the areas of the main components, we used chest CT images of patients with clinical indications of chest tumors.

Results: The basic DR chest examination comprised 59.5% of all DR examinations in the hospital during 2015-2019. The average areas of soft tissue, bone, and air within the chest in all patients were 331, 20, and 125 cm2, respectively, with values of 345, 23, and 139 cm2 for males, and 309, 15, and 103 cm2 for females. The areas were also dependent on age with values of 121, 10, 55 cm2 for patients aged 5-11 years, 371, 27, and 88 cm2 for patients aged 12-25 years, 322, 22, and 131 cm2 for patients aged 26-45 years, and 334, 19, and 126 cm2 for patients > 45 years old.

Conclusion: A GUI for computing the main composition of the chest was successfully developed. The areas of chest male patients were greater than female patients. The areas of soft tissue, bone, and air were dependent on the patient’s age. Therefore, the design of dosimetrical DR phantom must consider the gender and age of the patient.
Determination of Seakeeping Performance for a Case Study Vessel by the Strip Theory Method
Authors: Niklas Karol , Karczewski Artur
Published: January 2021

The increase of seakeeping performance is of particular importance for car and passenger ferries, service ships in the gas and oil extraction industry and offshore wind power farm industry, as well as for special purpose ships (including military applications). In the water areas of the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea, which are characterised by a short and steep wave, the hull shape has a substantial impact on the operational capacity and propulsion efficiency of the ship, as well as on comfort and safety of navigation. The article analyses selected aspects of seakeeping for four variants of a selected case study vessel, indicating practical limitations of the strip method. The analysed aspects included hull heaving and pitching, added resistance, Motion Thickness Indicator (MSI), and Subjective Magnitude (SM). Experimental tests were also performed in the towing tank. Their comparison with the numerical results has indicated high inaccuracy of the strip method. What is more, the simplified representation of hull shape used in the strip method makes it impossible to analyse the effect of hull shape changes on the predicted seakeeping characteristics. Especially for the case of head wave, neglecting highly non-linear phenomena, such as slamming or head wave breaking, in strip method-based computer simulations will significantly decrease the reliability of the obtained results. When using the strip method, the seakeeping analysis should be complemented with model tests in a towing tank, or by another more complex numerical analysis, such as CFD for instance.
Influence of Process of Straightening Ship Hull Structure Made of 316L Stainless Steel on Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kowalski Jakub , Licznerski Łukasz , Supernak-Marczewska Milena , Emilianowicz Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

The AISI 316L type steel belongs to the group of chromium-nickel stainless steels. They are determined according to European standards as X2CrNiMo17-12-2 and belong to the group of austenitic stainless steels. Steels of this group are used for elements working in seawater environments, for installations in the chemical, paper, and food, industries, for architectural elements, and many others. The chemical composition of corrosion-resistant austenitic steels provides them with an austenite structure that is stable in a wide temperature range, under appropriate conditions for heating, soaking, and cooling. 316L steel plate was subjected to a technological treatment of hot straightening with an oxy-acetylene torch, which is not commonly used for this type of steel, mainly due to the lack of objective assessment of whether the austenitizing temperature has been achieved and the stability of the heat treatment process is ensured. The single-phase structure of austenite with high corrosion resistance, without precipitation of carbides, steel is obtained by supersaturation in water from 1100°C. The purpose of the presented research was to determine the usefulness of the flame straightening process for a ship structure made of 316L steel.
Second European Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Survey (Crt Survey Ii): Latvian Data Compared to Europe
Authors: Ventiņa Madara , Kalējs Oskars , Vikmane Maija , Ansabergs Jānis , Ņesterovičs Nikolajs , Blumbergs Māris , Kamzola Ginta , Sakne Sandis , Ērglis Andrejs , Lejnieks Aivars , Dickstein Kenneth , Linde Cecilia , Normand Camilla
Published: January 2021

The cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) survey II is a joint initiative between the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Failure Association. It compiles real world data about cardiac resynchronisation therapy in European Society of Cardiology member states. 11 088 patients assigned to implantation of CRT with pacemaker function (CRT-P) or CRT with an incorporated defibrillator (CRT-D) were enrolled in the survey starting 1 October 2015 till 31 December 2016 and for each patient, an electronic case report form (eCRF) was completed. Each participating country had each eCRF data-point benchmarked against the total cohort. In total, 79 patients were included from Latvia. The mean age of patients was 68.1, similar to the total cohort of other ESC member states, and 21.8% of patients were female. Latvian patients compared to other countries more often had permanent atrial fibrillation, NYHA class III and IV, ejection fraction 35 %. CRT-Ds and multipolar lead implantation rates were higher. Peri-procedural complication rates were similarly low in both groups. At discharge, prescribed medication rates were similar but more frequently MRAs, ivabradine and calcium channel blockers were prescribed and slightly less frequently ACE inhibitors/ARBs were prescribed. The CRT survey II is a valuable resource that describes ongoing practice of cardiac resynchronisation therapy around Europe and benchmarking against the total cohort is nationally significant for each participating country.
Correlation of Body Mass Index and Lung Volume in 3–7 Year-Old Children in Rīga Pre-School Educational Institutions
Authors: Martinsone-Bērzkalne Liene , Umbraško Silvija , Duļevska Ilva , Pļaviņa Liāna , Cīrule Viktorija , Oginska Anita
Published: January 2021

The number of people with excess weight increases every year. Overweight and obesity in childhood can cause several chronic diseases in adulthood. Children with excess body mass develop more morphological and functional changes, including pulmonary functions. One of the common methods to assess lung function is spirometry. This method is a challenge in assessing lung function for pre-school age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index for the pre-school children aged 3–7 years in Rīga. In total 995 pre-school children were included in the study. An informative consent and questionnaire about the development of each individual child was filled in by parents. Several measurements were performed, including height, body mass, and lung vital capacity. This is the first study in Latvia where several morphologic and somatometric measurements were determined in children of pre-school age. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between lung vital capacity and body height, mass, and chest circumference. The correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index was not statistically significant. The main results do not differ from the results of similar studies in other countries. The obtained results will help to create a standard of morphological and somatometric parameters in pre-school aged children in Rīga region.
Genetic Structure of the Limecola Balthica Population in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea
Authors: Fokina Oksana , Grauda Dace , Puriņa Ingrīda , Bārda Ieva , Rashal Isaak
Published: January 2021

Samples of Limecola balthica with normal and deformed shells were collected from ten sites throughout the Gulf of Riga. Genetic diversity was evaluated by the retrotransposon-based iPBS method. Samples had close mutual genetic distances, which showed that all of them belong to one wider population of the Gulf of Rīga. No direct relationship between the activity of retrotransposons and deformation of shells was found.
Long term results of follow-up after HPV self-sampling with devices Qvintip and HerSwab in women non-attending cervical screening programme
Authors: Bokan Teodora , Ivanus Urska , Jerman Tine , Takac Iztok , Arko Darja
Published: January 2021

Background

We are presenting the results of the Slovenian human papillomaviruses (HPV) self-sampling pilot study in colposcopy population of National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme ZORA for the first time. One-year and four-year follow-up results are presented for two different self-sampling devices.

Participants and methods

A total of 209 women were enrolled in the study at colposcopy clinic. Prior to the gynaecological examination, all women performed self-collected vaginal swab at the clinic; 111 using Qvintip and 98 using HerSwab self-sampling device. After self-sampling, two cervical smears were taken by a clinician; first for conventional cytology and second for HPV test. After that, all women underwent colposcopy and a cervical biopsy if needed. We compared sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of cytology (at the cut-off atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or more [ASC-US+]) and HPV test (on self- and clinician-taken samples) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more (CIN2+) after one and four years of follow-up. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay was used for all HPV testing.

Results

The mean age of 209 women was 37.6 years and HPV positivity rate 67.0% (140/209), 36.9 years and 70.3% (78/111) in the Qvintip group and 38.4 years and 63.3% (62/98) in the HerSwab group, respectively. Overall, percent agreement between self and clinician-taken samples was 81.8% (kappa 0.534) in the Qvintip and 77.1% (kappa 0.456) in the HerSwab group. In the Qvintip group, the longitudinal sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 71.8%, 75.0%, 83.6%, 60.0% for cytology; 83.1%, 51.3%, 75.6% and 62.5% for HPV test of self-taken samples and 94.4%, 57.5%, 79.8% and 85.2% for HPV test on clinician-taken samples. In the HerSwab group, the corresponding results were 71.7%, 46.7%, 61.3%, 58.3% for cytology; 75.0%, 47.7%, 62.9% and 61.8% for HPV test on self-taken samples and 94.3%, 44.4%, 66.7% and 87.0% for clinician-taken samples, respectively.

Conclusions

The results confirm that HPV self-sampling is not as accurate as clinician sampling when HC2 is used. All HPV tests showed a higher sensitivity in detecting CIN2+ compared to cytology. Due to non-inferior longitudinal sensitivity of HPV self-sampling compared to cytology, HPV self-sampling might be an option for non-attenders to the National Cancer Screening Programme.
Serum biomarkers associated with malnutrition and nutritional risk in elderly primary care patients: A cross-sectional study from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Pavlović Jelena , Račić Maja , Ivković Nedeljka
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the ability of ferritin, haemoglobin, albumin and total cholesterol to identify nutritional risk and malnutrition among elderly primary care patients.

Methods

The cross-sectional study included 446 elderly adults over 65 years of age from four areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to anthropometric, functional, cognitive and biochemical indicators, nutritional status was evaluated using 24-hour recall of meals, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, Version II (SCREEN II).

Results

Malnourished/at-risk study respondents had lower mean levels of haemoglobin (P=0.001) and total cholesterol (P<0.001), compared to those with normal nutritional status. Albumin levels significantly differed regarding nutritional status (P=0.004), but not nutritional risk level (P=0.521). Significant differences in serum ferritin levels were not found between malnourished and normally nourished study respondents (P=0.779) Determinants of albumin level were eating more than three meals a day (P<0.001), fewer than two portions of fruit and vegetables a day (P=0.024), drinking one glass of wine (P<0.001) and reporting functional independence (P=0.011). The AUC curves for serum ferritin, albumin and total cholesterol levels in men and women, as well as for haemoglobin levels in women, were poor to fair (AUC<0.800).

Conclusion

Although ferritin, haemoglobin, albumin and total cholesterol may be useful biomarkers of nutritional status, their accuracy in diagnosing malnutrition and nutritional risk among elderly primary health care patients is limited.
Foids are worse than animals. A cognitive linguistics analysis of dehumanizing metaphors in online discourse
Authors: Prażmo Ewelina
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to examine the language used by an emerging online community known as incels. Incels are “involuntarily celibate” men who gather online to share their frustration and resentment. They blame their predicament on their alleged ugliness, as well as on the structure of modern Western society in general, and women’s behaviour in particular. Hate speech and violent language flourish on incel online forums to such an extent that most of their websites are taken down, one by one, due to breaches of rules around violent content. In the present article I aim to analyze the language used by incels, focusing on the dehumanizing metaphors used in order to describe women, who are the main target of incels’ hatred. This paper was realized within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis with special emphasis on conceptual metaphor theory.
Word Metric, Stationary Measure and Minkowski’s Question Mark Function
Authors: Pumerantz Uriya
Published: January 2021

Given a countably infinite group G acting on some space X, an increasing family of finite subsets Gn
, x∈ X and a function f over X we consider the sums Sn
(f, x) = ∑
g∈Gnf(gx). The asymptotic behaviour of Sn
(f, x) is a delicate problem that was studied under various settings. In the following paper we study this problem when G is a specific lattice in SL (2, ℤ ) acting on the projective line and Gn
are chosen using the word metric. The asymptotic distribution is calculated and shown to be tightly connected to Minkowski’s question mark function. We proceed to show that the limit distribution is stationary with respect to a random walk on G defined by a specific measure µ. We further prove a stronger result stating that the asymptotic distribution is the limit point for any probability measure over X pushed forward by the convolution power µ∗n
.
On Proinov’s Lower Bound for the Diaphony
Authors: Kirk Nathan
Published: January 2021

In 1986, Proinov published an explicit lower bound for the diaphony of finite and infinite sequences of points contained in the d−dimensional unit cube [Proinov, P. D.:On irregularities of distribution, C. R. Acad. Bulgare Sci. 39 (1986), no. 9, 31–34]. However, his widely cited paper does not contain the proof of this result but simply states that this will appear elsewhere. To the best of our knowledge, this proof was so far only available in a monograph of Proinov written in Bulgarian [Proinov, P. D.: Quantitative Theory of Uniform Distribution and Integral Approximation, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria (2000)]. The first contribution of our paper is to give a self contained version of Proinov’s proof in English. Along the way, we improve the explicit asymptotic constants implementing recent, and corrected results of [Hinrichs, A.—Markhasin, L.: On lower bounds for the ℒ2
-discrepancy, J. Complexity 27 (2011), 127–132.] and [Hinrichs, A.—Larcher, G.: An improved lower bound for the ℒ2
-discrepancy, J. Complexity 34 (2016), 68–77]. (The corrections are due to a note in [Hinrichs, A.—Larcher, G. An improved lower bound for the ℒ2
-discrepancy, J. Complexity 34 (2016), 68–77].) Finally, as a main result, we use the method of Proinov to derive an explicit lower bound for the dyadic diaphony of finite and infinite sequences in a similar fashion.
Dimensions of Smart Administration
Authors: Giełda Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Smart public administration (hereinafter: smart administration) is understood primarily as the application of modern technologies that increase its effectiveness. However, not only modern techniques and innovative communication solutions define this concept. They should be considered in a broader sense because smart administration has many dimensions. The article presents just such an approach and discusses five dimensions of smart administration (technological, political, legal, subjective and structural).
Frame Agreement For Cross-Border Cooperation Between Local Authorities
Authors: Kusiak-Winter Renata
Published: January 2021

The cross-border cooperation of local authorities, taken up based on the administrative law of each of the states, is marked by both integrating factors that refer to the similarities of the applicable system of law and separating factors arising from the principle of territoriality of administrative law. The frame agreement is a smart solution (a smart tool) of cross-border cooperation, because it enables cooperating territorial self-government units to conduct a unique operation of ‘recompensing’ separating factors with integrating factors.
Gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) serta Tingkat Religiusitas pada Orang Lanjut Usia
Authors: Afifah Alidina Nur , Radityo Andhika Idam
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang: Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia sehingga diperlukan upaya pencegahan yang dapat meminimalisir dampak terhadap aspek fisik, psikis, dan sosial terutama bagi orang lanjut usia (lansia). Salah satu program pemerintah dalam mengupayakan hal tersebut adalah program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Religiusitas dan aktivitas keagamaan menjadi salah satu faktor kebahagiaan dan pendukung terhadap kualitas hidup lansia. PHBS yang merupakan perwujudan perilaku bersih dan sehat juga mengandung nilai-nilai vital agama terhadap religiusitas dan aktivitas keagamaan seseorang. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui gambaran PHBS dan tingkat religiusitas lansia. Metode: penelitian ini adalah studi kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 116 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kuesioner PHBS dan Kuesioner Tingkat Religiusitas. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 68 orang (58,6%) lansia di kelurahan Pondok Jagung memiliki PHBS yang baik dan 48 orang  (41,4%) memiliki PHBS cukup dan tidak terdapat responden dengan kategori kurang. Tingkat religiusitas lansia di kelurahan Pondok Jagung adalah 19 orang (16,4%) berkategori baik, 77 orang (66,4%) berkategori sedang, dan 20 orang (17,2%) berkategori buruk. Kesimpulan: lebih dari separuh lansia di RW 01 dan 05 Kelurahan Pondok Jagung berkategori PHBS baik dan tingkat religiusitas sedang. Meskipun didominasi PHBS baik, namun capaian tersebut masih di bawah target capaian nasional PHBS 2016-2019. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pengaruh tingkat religiusitas dengan capaian PHBS tersebut.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TO PREDICT ANGULAR DISTORTION IN MIG WELDING OF STAINLESS STEEL 202 PLATES
Authors:   Division of MPAE, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India, Mehra Vinayak , Gupta Varun ,   Division of MPAE, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India, Khanna Pradeep ,   Division of MPAE, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
Published: January 2021

In present research, mathematical models have been established to predict the angular distortion in Metal Inert Gas(MIG) welding for 6mm plates of SS 202 grade for butt welded joints. The filler metal used was a continuously fed solid metal wire of stainless steel (304L).100% Argon gas was used to serve the purpose of shielding the weld pool from the atmosphere as it does not dissociate at high temperatures. This prevented any turbulence in the welding arc and deterioration in weld quality. To obtain experimental samples, the design matrix was developed using the statistical technique of central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was used for the adequacy check of the models developed. The models developed can be used to find direct and interaction effect of the input parameters, namely welding speed (WS), voltage (V), nozzle to plate distance (NPD), torch angle (Ɵ) and wire feed rate (WFR) on the angular distortion.
Polska epika bohaterska przed i po „Gofredzie”
Authors: Krzywy Roman
Published: January 2021

The article is a review of the most important trends in the development of the Polish epic in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the absence of significant traditions of knightly works, the creation of Polish heroic poetry should be associated primarily with the humanistic movement, whose representatives set a heroic epic at the top of the hierarchy of genres and recognized 'Eneid' as its primary model. The postulate proposed first by the Renaissance and later by the Baroque authors did not lead to the creation of a ‘real’ epic in Poland. The translations of: the Virgil’s epic poem (1590) by Andrzej Kochanowski and Book 3 of 'The Iliad' by Jan Kochanowski can be regarded as the genre substitutes. These translations seem to test whether the young Polish poetic language is able to bear the burden of an epic matter. Then again, the works of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski on the Latin 'Lechias' (the 1st half of the 17th century), which was to present the beginnings of the Polish state, were not completed. Polish Renaissance authors preferred themes from modern or even recent history, choosing 'Bellum civile' by Lucan as their general model but they did not refrain from typically heroic means in the presentation of the subject. This is evidenced by such poems as 'The Prussian War' (1516) by Joannis Vislicensis or 'Radivilias' (1592) by Jan Radwan. The Latin epic works were followed by the vernacular epic in the 17th century, when the historical epic poems by Samuel Twardowski and Wacław Potocki were created, as well as in the 18th century (the example of 'The Khotyn War' by Ignacy Krasicki). The publication of Torquato Tasso’s 'Jerusalem delivered' translation by Piotr Kochanowski in 1618 introduced to the Polish literature a third variant of an epic poem, which is a combination of a heroic poem and romance motives. The translation gained enormous recognition among literary audiences and was quickly included in the canon of imitated works, but not as a model of an epic, but mainly as a source of ideas and poetic phrases (it was used not only by epic poets). The exception here is the anonymous epos entitled 'The siege of Jasna Góra of Częstochowa', whose author spiced the historical action of the recent event with romance themes, an evident reference to the Tasso’s poem. The Polish translation of Tasso’s masterpiece also contributed to the popularity of the ottava rima, as an epic verse from the second half of the 17th century (previously the Polish alexandrine dominated as the equivalent of the ancient hexameter). This verse was used both in the historical and biblical epic poems, striving to face the rhythmic challenge.
THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL JUSTICE IN LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND ITS APPLICATION IN JUDGES’ DECISIONS
Authors: Suadi Amran
Published: January 2021

Justice is one of the legal goals that judges want to uphold. Since justice is subjective and individual, it cannot be separated from the place, time, and others, which greatly affects the judges' sense of justice. Justice is becoming more important when the 'question of law' is about to be applied to the 'question of fact.' Justice is defined as a value to create an ideal relationship among humans. They are entitled according to law and morality as stated by the popular doctrine "fiat justitia ruat caelum” which means justice must be upheld even though the sky will fall. Biological justice is a normative entity that is committed to delivering human dignity and welfare. The theory of Biological Justice offers a broader understanding of the meaning of justice.
The prevalence of cataract surgery and the assessment of postoperative visual function in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Bikbov М.М. , Isragilova G.Z. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Gilmanshin T.R. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Zainullin R.М. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute
Published: January 2021

Purpose. Studying the prevalence and functional results of cataract surgery and factors that negatively affect postoperative visual functions in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a pilot descriptive population study – Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), conducted on the basis of the Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases. This analysis included 5 885 people aged 40 and over with data on performing cataract surgery. Poor visual outcome after cataract surgery was defined with uncorrected visual acuity below 0.3. Statistical data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics application package. Results. The prevalence of cataract surgery was 6.1% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.5–6.8%). A higher frequency of operations was associated with the age factor (odds ratio – OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11–1.15%, p<0.001), male gender (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.43–2.59, p=0.003), urban living (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.80, p=0.02) and widowhood (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13–2.17, p=0.006). Low visual results after cataract surgery, considering the maximum postoperative correction, were found in 16.1% of cases (81 eyes). The main reasons for the low postoperative outcome: refractive error (40.4%), macular degeneration (18.5%), glaucoma (16.0%), posterior capsule opacification (13.6%) and diabetic retinopathy (12.3%). Conclusion. The obtained results of good postoperative uncorrected visual acuity amounted to 73.1% and turned out to be quite close to international standards (80%). The main reasons for the low visual results of cataract surgery were refractive error and age-related macular degeneration. Key words: population study, cataract surgery, the prevalence of cataract surgery.
Struct2IUPAC -- Transformer-Based Artificial Neural Network for the Conversion Between Chemical Notations
Authors: Krasnov Lev , Khokhlov Ivan , Fedorov Maxim , Sosnin Sergey
Published: January 2021

Providing IUPAC chemical names is necessary for chemical information exchange. We developed a Transformer-based artificial neural architecture to translate between SMILES and IUPAC chemical notations: Struct2IUPAC and IUPAC2Struct. Our models demonstrated the performance that is comparable to rule-based solutions. We proved that both accuracy, speed of computations, and the model's robustness allow us to use it in production. Our showcase demonstrates that a neural-based solution can encourage rapid development keeping the same performance. We believe that our findings will inspire other developers to reduce development costs by replacing complex rule-based solutions with neural-based ones. The demonstration of Struct2IUPAC model is available online on Syntelly platform https://app.syntelly.com/smiles2iupac
Organic Functionalization on the Non-Ideal Si(001) Surface – Structure, Bonding and Reactivity
Authors: Luy Jan-Niclas , Tonner Ralf
Published: January 2021

In this density functional theory study, the influence of the dimer vacancy on the reactivity of the Si(001) surface is investigated. To this end, electronic and structural properties of the defect are analyzed. Band structure calculations reveal a higher-lying valence band which would suggest increased reactivity. However, the opposite is found when organic molecules for interface formation (acetylene, ethylene and cyclooctyne) are adsorbed at the defect. Significant reaction barriers have to be overcome in order to form bonds with defect atoms, while adsorption on the pristine surface is mostly direct. This suggests the presence of a, rather weak, Si-Si bond across the defect which must be dissociated before organic adsorbates can react. A rich adsorption and reaction network is found in addition to the structures known from the pristine surface. All three investigated adsorbates show different bonding characteristics. For acetylene and ethylene, the preferred thermodynamic sink is the insertion into the defect, with the latter molecule even dissociating. Bulky cyclooctyne on the other hand avoids reaction with the defect due to steric demands imposed by the small defect cavity. The DV has no effect on reactivity of neighboring dimers. A combination of defect creation and hydrogen-precoverage could be a promising approach for selective surface functionalization. We thus show the influence of a non-ideal surface on organic functionalization and interface build-up reactions for a prototypical interface.
The Master Key to the Problem of Reversible Chemical Hydrogen Storage is 12 kJ (mol H2)-1
Authors: Pawelke Roland Hermann
Published: January 2021

This article shows up the intrinsic thermodynamic boundaries to reversible mass transfer on basis of the ideal gas law and classic equilibrium thermodynamics in relation to chemical hydrogen storage. In the event, a global picture of reversible chemical hydrogen storage is unveiled, including an explanation of partial reversibility. The findings of this work help to clarify problems of metal hydride chemistry which otherwise are difficult if not impossible to solve in convergent manner, e.g. why the substitution of 4 mol % Na by K in Ti-doped NaAlH4 raises the reversible storage capacity by 42 % or the way the dopants take effect in (Rb/K)-co-doped Mg(NH2)2/2LiH. This work's result is of a wider significance since based on two cornerstones of physical chemistry and particularly for the normative role of hydrogen electrodes to electrochemistry.
Guerra en el valle del Ebro en la segunda mitad del siglo XI: geoestrategia y control militar de los recursos económicos en el noreste peninsular
Authors: Español Solana Darío
Published: January 2021

Resumen: La guerra en los albores de la Plena Edad Media hispana alcanzó dimensiones holísticas, pues estaba presente de modo ubicuo en todas sus estructuras sociales y políticas. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo xi, los príncipes cristianos del valle del Ebro iniciarán la conquista del llano, poniendo en marcha estrategias militares de diversa naturaleza no solo contra el Islam, sino entre ellos mismos. Este artículo analiza uno de los aspectos fundamentales para comprender la guerra en ese periodo: la geoestrategia. Y desde una doble perspectiva: la geografía militar y el control de los recursos económicos como base de las acciones militares.
Palabras clave: guerra medieval, reconquista, geoestrategia, historia militar, valle del Ebro, siglo xi.
 
Abstract: The war in the beginnings of the Hispanic Middle Ages reached holistic dimensions, because it was ubiquitously present in all its social and political structures. During the second half of the 11th century, the Christian sovereigns of the Ebro valley will begin the conquest of the plain, starting military strategies of various kinds not only against Islam, but among themselves. This article analyzes one of the fundamental aspects to understand the war in that period: geostrategy. With a double perspective: military geography and the control of economic resources as the basis of military actions.
 
Key words: medieval warfare, reconquest, geoestrategy, military history, Ebro valley, 11th century.
A Juan Fernando Utrilla Utrilla en su jubilación académica: una vida dedicada a la docencia y la investigación
Authors: AEM AEM , Rodrigo-Estevan María Luz , Navarro Espinach Germán , Villanueva Morte Concepción
Published: January 2021

A Juan Fernando Utrilla Utrilla en su jubilación académica: una vida dedicada a la docencia y la investigación.
Genocidio, concepto invisibilizado en los libros de textos de geografía
Authors: Nin María Cristina
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se analizan propuestas editoriales de Geografía que están disponibles en Argentina para la enseñanza secundaria a escala mundial. El foco del análisis se realiza a partir de los procesos genocidas del siglo XX y XXI.  Los textos escolares se constituyen en una herramienta y fuente de consulta para los estudiantes, pero su interpretación y el acceso al saber requieren de la mediación de los docentes. Desde el paradigma de una Geografía crítica, inspiradora de la defensa de los derechos humanos y comprometida con problemáticas relevantes para la sociedad, se presentan los resultados del análisis de libros de propuestas editoriales de geografía, y de entrevistas a profesores.
Caracterización sismotectónica del norte de Crevillente (Alicante, España). Análisis de la peligrosidad y vulnerabilidad del municipio frente al riesgo sísmico
Authors: Galvañ Vicente Antonio Vicent
Published: January 2021

A través de la presente investigación se pretende, además de llevar a cabo una caracterización sismotectónica del reborde septentrional de Crevillent, analizar la peligrosidad sísmica del municipio con base a la aplicación de una serie de métodos científicos (determinísticos, probabilísticos, EDS) y, a su vez, complementar los objetivos anteriores mediante la plasmación de un estudio vinculado al Riesgo Sísmico del municipio, profundizando para ello en la componente de vulnerabilidad. En este último apartado, se analizarán aspectos como por ejemplo la situación sociodemográfica actual del municipio, la vulnerabilidad sísmica de su parcelario urbano, la situación administrativo-legal del mismo en materia de riesgos o el papel que adquiere el enfoque de la Gobernanza del Riesgo, mostrando de esta manera la actual estructura organizativa de Crevillent así como los déficits que imposibilitan una buena gobernabilidad o gobernanza de los riesgos naturales.
MOOC MYGEO: formación geospacial para la empleabilidad
Authors: Sebastián López María , De Miguel González Rafael
Published: January 2021

MYGEO defiende una metodología de enseñanza basada en la competencia digital, centrada en la adquisición de las competencias transversales y específicas de SIG para llevar a cabo la resolución de problemas de manera eficiente que mejore la empleabilidad futura de los estudiantes universitarios. En consecuencia, uno de los resultados de este proyecto es el diseño, desarrollo, impartición y evaluación de un curso abierto online (Massive Online Open Course) denominado MOOC Geo tools for employability, que constituye un plan de formación para que estudiantes europeos de educación superior puedan ampliar y desarrollar sus capacidades transversales y específicas en SIG. Dichas habilidades han sido definidas por organismos, administraciones y empresas público-privada que trabajan en el sector y pretenden aumentar la empleabilidad de los jóvenes graduados y postgraduados en un mundo cada vez más competitivo y globalizado.
El gobierno por agencias y autoridades administrativas independientes y su vinculación con la Función de Transparencia y Control Social
Authors: Aguilar Chamorro Andrés
Published: January 2021

El gobierno a través de agencias independientes es una situación global que en cada una de las diferentes realidades se ha ido asentado en menor o mayor medida. Este artículo inicia con concepciones teóricas de aproximación al estudio de las agencias independientes para contar con los conceptos claros y verificar su implementación en el Ecuador. Continúa con la referencia a autoridades administrativas independientes que ya existían en el Ecuador desde inicios del siglo XX y que se impulsaron en 2008 con la incorporación constitucional de la Función de Transparencia y Control Social, especialmente con su órgano central, el Consejo de Participación Ciudadana y Control Social, sobre lo cual se hace un análisis en específico la parte final. Este artículo busca verificar hasta qué punto la constitucionalización de las autoridades independientes fue una herramienta efectiva para la neutralización política de este tipo de instituciones y para la consecución de sus objetivos originarios.
The Story of the Koror Bridge
Authors: Tang Man-Chung
Published: January 2021

Koror Babeldaob Bridge, also called Koror Babelthuap Bridge or simply Koror Bridge, connects the islands of Koror and Babeldaob in the Republic of Palau. The design of the bridge began in 1974 and was based on the prevailing AASHO Standard Specifications at that time and was supplemented by ACI and CEB-FIP design recommendations on an as-needed basis. When the Koror Bridge was opened to traffic in April 1977, it was the world's longest concrete girder span. A few years later, the bridge began to deflect more than had been anticipated. The owner commissioned a Japanese engineering firm in 1985 and then a US engineering firm in 1993 to conduct in-depth investigations of the structure. Both firms came to the same conclusion that the bridge was structurally safe and that the excessive deflection was an unexplainable phenomenon. Nevertheless, in order to improve the driving quality of the bridge deck, the owner decided to repair the bridge. The repair scheme made changes to the structural system and added a large amount of post-tensioning force to the bridge. Unfortunately, less than three months after the repair, late in the afternoon on 26 September 1996, nineteen
and a half years after it was opened to traffic, the bridge collapsed. Thereafter, most of the documents were sealed as a
result of litigation between the various parties and the debris was cleared. For a long time, it was impossible to study the facts surrounding the bridge's collapse. Only recently, through continuous probing by a group of engineers, were these documents made accessible to researchers.
Seismic Rehabilitation of a School Building in Cephalonia, Greece
Authors: Giarlelis Christos , Lamprinou Evlalia , Repapis Constantinos
Published: January 2021

The 2014 earthquake sequence in Cephalonia, Greece, resulted in a number of structural failures. In Argostoli, the capital of the island, a school building suffered light damage; however, the structural assessment following the analysis procedures of the recently published Greek Code for Structural Interventions, showed that seismic strengthening is required. The structure was built on the aftermath of the catastrophic 1953 Ionian earthquake sequence based on older code requirements, which are much outdated, as indicated from the results of both modal
response spectrum analyses and non-linear static analyses. The retrofit aims to increase the very low structural capacity of the building and as a means for that the use of concrete jackets is selected. Based on the results of the assessment, it was decided that concrete jackets should be applied to all columns, while large structural walls running along the transversal direction were strengthened with single-sided reinforced concrete jacketing. The interventions are limited by architectural demands and cost considerations. However, analyses of the strengthened structure show that the interventions improve its seismic behaviour adequately. The detailing of interventions is thoroughly presented. What makes this case study interesting is the unusual structural system of the building, which is an ingenious combination of frame elements and lightly reinforced concrete walls and its behaviour to one of the strongest recent Greek earthquakes. The rehabilitation study had to model correctly the structure and propose interventions that were in agreement with the architectural demands and the cost consideration.
Seismic Performance Assessment, Retrofitting and Loss Estimation of an Existing Non-Engineered Building in Nepal
Authors: Dumaru Rakesh , Rodrigues Hugo , Varum Humberto
Published: January 2021

The non-engineered building built before 2004 remained after Gorkha earthquake although such structures demonstrate seismic deficient. Therefore, the present study aims to carry out detail seismic performance of such building to investigate as-built seismic performance and its performance after intervention of retrofit measures. Two in situ tests were performed, which includes Schmidt hammer test and ambient vibration test. The adaptive pushover analysis and dynamic time history analyses were performed for as-built and retrofitted building. The retrofit measures increase the stiffness and maximum base shear capacity of the buildings. In addition, such retrofit measures improved single storey drift concentration in existing building such that uniform drift profile can be attained. Furthermore, the probability of exceeding damage states can be significantly reduced and mainly found to be more effective in minimizing higher damage states, such as partial collapse and collapse states. The maximum expected annual loss occurs between 0.1 g and 0.2 g PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration). It was revealed that the steel braced building was found to be relatively more effective in enhancing the seismic performance, whereas reinforced concrete shear wall found more economic feasible retrofit measure for this particular building.
Retrofitting of School Building Located in Southern Italy
Authors: Martinelli Enzo , Faella Ciro , Nigro Emidio , Lima Carmine
Published: January 2021

This paper summarizes the main features of the seismic retrofitting project of a school building located in Montella (AV), Italy. Specifically, it describes the as-built status in terms of structural organization, member detailing, and existing materials properties. Then, it outlines the main assumptions and results obtained from seismic analysis, of both as-built and retrofitted structure. Comments about the construction stage are also reported by describing the main operations put in place with the aim to realize the shear wall system, which is the main retrofitting intervention, and some local strengthening measures consisting in steel plating and jacketing of some underdesigned RC members. Some emphasis is placed on the realization of micro-piles and extra foundations of the aforementioned shear walls. Besides its specific interest, the reported project may be intended as representative of a wide class of seismic assessment and retrofitting projects that have been realized in Italy in the last decade.
Seismic Strengthening of the Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: White Joe , McKenzie Hamish
Published: January 2021

The Majestic Centre is a 30-storey office tower in the centre of Wellington, New Zealand. The structure has a dual lateral system (reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame + shear cores) and hollow-core floors. The building’s assessed seismic performance was found to be below expected levels, leading to a strengthening exercise. Over a period of 5 years, the structures performance was raised to meet current seismic loading requirements, at a cost of €50M.