bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical cannabis for pain management in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: randomized, double-blind, cross-over, feasibility study
Authors: Bassat Orit Kliuk Ben , Schechter Meir , Ashtamker Natalia , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Hirshberg Boaz , Grupper Ayelet , Vaisman Nachum , Brill Silviu , Mosenzon Ofri
Published: December 2022

Background

Chronic pain is prevalent but difficult to treat in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Effective and safe analgesics are limited in this patient population. Our aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the safety of sublingual oil based medical cannabis for pain management in patients undergoing HD.

Methods

In a prospective randomized double-blind cross-over design, patients undergoing HD with chronic pain were assigned to one of 3 arms: BOL-DP-o-04-WPE Whole-plant extract (WPE), BOL-DP-o-04 cannabinoid extraction (API) or placebo. WPE and API contained trans-delta9-‏tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) in 1:6 ratio (1:6, THC: CBD). Patients were treated for 8 weeks, with subsequent 2-weeks wash out, followed by a cross-over to a different arm. The primary endpoint was safety.

Results

Eighteen patients were recruited and 15 were randomized. Three did not complete drug titration period due to adverse events (AEs) and one patient died during titration due to sepsis (WPE). Of those who completed at least one treatment period, 7 patients were in WPE arm, 5 in API and 9 in placebo. Most common AEs were sleepiness, which improved after dose reduction or patient adaptation. Most AEs were mild to moderate and resolved spontaneously. Serious AEs considered related to study drug included one episode of accidental overdose (WPE) leading to hallucinations. Liver enzymes were stable during cannabis treatment.

Conclusions

Short term medical cannabis use in patients treated with HD was generally well tolerated. The safety data supports further studies to assess the overall risk-benefit of a treatment paradigm utilizing medical cannabis to control pain in this patient population.
Efficacy and safety of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after complex PCI: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nicolas Johny , Dangas George , Chiarito Mauro , Pivato Carlo A , Spirito Alessandro , Cao Davide , Giustino Gennaro , Beerkens Frans , Camaj Anton , Vogel Birgit , Sartori Samantha , Yamamoto Ko , Kimura Takeshi , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana
Published: December 2022

Aims

Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (C-PCI) is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic and bleeding complications. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a 1–3-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimen followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after C-PCI.

Methods and results

We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing a 1–3-month DAPT regimen followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy with standard (≥12 months) DAPT in patients undergoing C-PCI. C-PCI criteria and the co-primary bleeding and ischaemic outcomes were determined according to each trial. Secondary outcomes included major bleeding, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis. All outcomes were evaluated at 12 months after randomization. We used hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as a metric of choice for treatment effects with random-effects models. Among 8299 screened studies, five randomized trials fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In the pooled population of 34 615 patients, 8818 (25.5%) underwent C-PCI. As compared with standard DAPT, a 1–3-month DAPT regimen followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy reduced the bleeding risk in C-PCI (HR:0.66, 95% CI:0.44–0.98) and non-C-PCI (HR:0.60, 95% CI:0.45–0.79) patients (P-interaction = 0.735). Furthermore, the risk for the primary ischaemic endpoint was similar in patients randomized to either arm, with significant effect modification by PCI complexity showing an enhanced benefit of 1–3-month DAPT in patients undergoing C-PCI (C-PCI, HR:0.69, 95% CI:0.48–1.00; non-C-PCI, HR:1.04, 95% CI:0.84–1.30; P-interaction = 0.028).

Conclusion

As compared with a standard DAPT, a 1–3-month DAPT regimen followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy reduced bleeding complications after C-PCI without increasing the risk of ischaemic events.

PROSPERO-registered (CRD42021259271)
Iron Minerals Influence the Assembly of Microbial Communities in a Basaltic Glacial Catchment
Authors: Dunham Eric C , Keller Lisa M , Skidmore Mark L , Mitchell K Rebecca , Boyd Eric S
Published: December 2022

The influence of mineralogy on the assembly of microbial communities in glacial environments has been difficult to assess due to complications in isolating mineralogy from other variables. Here we assess the abundance and composition of microbial communities that colonized defined minerals incubated for 12 months in two meltwater streams (N and S) emanating from Kaldalónsjökull (Kal), a basalt-hosted glacier in Iceland. The two streams shared similar meltwater geochemistry as well as bedrock and proglacial sediment elemental compositions. Yet genomic DNA and PCR-amplifiable 16S rRNA genes were detected only in Kal S. The amount of recoverable DNA was highest for hematite incubated in Kal S and the composition of 16S rRNA genes recovered from Kal S sediments was most like those recovered from hematite and magnetite, an effect driven largely by similarities in the relative abundance of the putative hydrogenotrophic iron reducer Rhodoferax. We suggest this is attributable to comminution and weathering reactions involving exposed iron silicate minerals that generate and release hydrogen and Fe(III) that can be coupled to support microbial metabolism in Kaldalónsjökull, and possibly other basaltic habitats. The low abundance of cells in Kal N could be due to low availability of Fe(III) or another substrate.
Genomic and functional features of yeast species in Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage and soybean products
Authors: Jeong Da Min , Kim Hyeon Jin , Jeon Min-Seung , Yoo Su Jin , Moon Hye Yun , Jeon Eun-joo , Jeon Che Ok , Eyun Seong-il , Kang Hyun Ah
Published: December 2022

In this review, we describe the genomic and physiological features of the yeast species predominantly isolated from Nuruk, a starter for traditional Korean rice wines, and Jang, a traditional Korean fermented soy product. Nuruk and Jang have several prevalent yeast species, including Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Hyphopichia burtonii, and Debaryomyces hansenii complex, which belong to the CUG clade showing high osmotic tolerance. Comparative genomics revealed that the interspecies hybridization within yeast species for generating heterozygous diploid genomes occurs frequently as an evolutional strategy in the fermentation environment of Nuruk and Jang. Through gene inventory analysis based on the high-quality reference genome of S. fibuligera, new genes involved in cellulose degradation and volatile aroma biosynthesis and applicable to the production of novel valuable enzymes and chemicals can be discovered. The integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Hyphopichia yeasts, which exhibit strong halotolerance, provides insights into the novel mechanisms of salt and osmo-stress tolerance for survival in fermentation environments with a low-water activity and high-concentration salts. In addition, Jang yeast isolates, such as D. hansenii, show probiotic potential for the industrial application of yeast species beyond fermentation starters to diverse human health sectors.
A fully finite-element based model-space algorithm for three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data
Authors: Ansari S M , Craven J A
Published: December 2022

We present a fully finite-element based inversion methodology for imaging 3-D magnetotelluric impedance data on unstructured meshes. The inverse problem is formulated using a minimum-structure Gauss–Newton type optimization scheme that minimizes an objective function with respect to the model perturbation. By introducing a rigorous regularization scheme, we derived a Ritz-type variational formulation of the model objective function and designed a face-based finite-element basis function to discretize the model gradient across tetrahedron’s inter-element boundaries. The forward modelling engine of our optimization scheme is based on a finite-element solution of the E-field Helmholtz equation that is enforced for the magnetotelluric simulation problem using the appropriate edge-based basis functions and 3D boundary conditions. The optimization algorithm developed here utilizes a message passing interface scheme and uses a direct solver to factorize and store both the regularization matrix and the forward modelling coefficient matrix on the processes working in parallel. Having to do this only once within each Gauss–Newton optimization cycle facilitates both the calculation of the dot product of the model regularization terms with the evolving model perturbation, and computing implicitly the sensitivity-vector products. We validated the methodology and the correctness of the developed algorithm for two test examples (COMMEMI 3Ds) from the literature. Also, by comparing the performance between classes of iterative solvers we demonstrated the superior performance of generalized minimum residual solver in reducing the residual norm of the iterative solver during model updates. Using the algorithm in a geologically realistic scenario, we imaged the anticipated geometry of the Lalor volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in Canada. The feasibility of the imaging methodology is further evaluated with the survey data, for which, again the algorithm converged to the anticipated model solution reproducing the lithostratigraphic sequence of the ore deposit.
Christian feminism? Women Against the Ordination of Women and the St. Hilda Community, 1986–92
Authors: Heaton Grace
Published: December 2022

Women who identified as both religious and feminists occupied a liminal space within the women’s movement of the late twentieth century. This article explores the activism of two groups at opposite ends of the ordination debate. Women Against the Ordination of Women (W.A.O.W.) were advocates of women’s equality, but against imposing secular values onto sacramental matters, whereas the St. Hilda Community championed women’s ordination and sought to establish a community for those otherwise ostracized from Anglican life. This article explores the activism of two groups at opposite ends of the Church of England’s ordination debate.
The Emergency Medical Team Operating System: design, implementation, and evaluation of a field hospital information management system
Authors: Schreiber Erik , Gaebel Jan , de Hoop Tom , Neumuth Thomas
Published: December 2022

In case of sudden-onset disasters (SODs), the World Health Organization deploys specialized emergency medical teams (EMTs); yet, the coordination and operation of such teams pose significant challenges. One issue is the lack of digital information systems and standards. We developed a highly customizable and scalable electronic medical record (EMR) system, tailored to EMT requirements, called the “Emergency Medical Team Operating System” (EOS). EOS was successfully tested through 9 realistic clinical tasks during a full-scale EU Module Exercise. During the initial evaluation, 21 team members from 9 countries evaluated the system positively, stressing the urgent need for an EMR for EMTs. EMTs face unique challenges during disaster relief missions. To provide an effective and coordinated delivery of care, there is a great need for an EMR tailored to the specific needs of EMTs. EOS may serve as an effective EMR during SOD missions.
A novel multi-objective service composition architecture for blockchain-based cloud manufacturing
Authors: Tong Juncheng , Zhao Bo , An Yang
Published: December 2022

In recent years, many core technologies of Industry 4.0 have advanced significantly, particularly the integration of big data technology and cloud manufacturing (CMfg). The decentralization and traceability features of blockchain technology (BCT) provide an effective solution to provide trusted resource service in CMfg. Service composition is a core issue of CMfg to increase the value of digital assets. However, existing research on service composition based on BCT suffers from both the blockchain proof-of-work (PoW) mechanism and the service composition problem need to consume large computational overheads, as well as the blockchain fork problem affecting the system’s reliability, which reduces the usefulness of these schemes. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective service composition architecture for blockchain-based CMfg (MOSC-BBCM). In MOSC-BBCM, first, a blockchain-chained storage structure is designed for the actual manufacturing cloud service constraint and scale dynamic changes, which can fully use the historical service information and accelerate the search for high-quality solutions. Second, to reduce the squandered computing resources in the PoW, a mining mechanism based on multi-objective service composition and optimal selection is proposed, where miners competitively solve a nondeterminate polynomial-hard problem to replace the mathematical puzzle. Finally, an incentive mechanism based on the environment selection method is proposed, which can avoid the fork problem while distributing on a labor basis. The effectiveness of the proposed MOSC-BBCM is verified in simulated numerical experiments of CMfg, which shows that the architecture provides a flexible and configurable scheme for blockchain-based CMfg with high availability.
A survey of methods for brain tumor segmentation-based MRI images
Authors: Mohammed Yahya M A , El Garouani Said , Jellouli Ismail
Published: December 2022

Brain imaging techniques play an important role in determining the causes of brain cell injury. Therefore, earlier diagnosis of these diseases can be led to give rise to bring huge benefits in improving treatment possibilities and avoiding any potential complications that may occur to the patient. Recently, brain tumor segmentation has become a common task in medical image analysis due to its efficacy in diagnosing the type, size, and location of the tumor in automatic methods. Several researchers have developed new methods in order to obtain the best results in brain tumor segmentation, including using deep learning techniques such as the convolutional neural network (CNN). The goal of this survey is to present a brief overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities and discuss common methods of brain tumor segmentation from MRI images, including brain tumor segmentation using deep learning techniques, as well as the most important contributions in this field, which have shown significant improvements in recent years. Finally, we focused in summary on the building blocks of the CNN algorithms used for image segmentation. In entire survey methodology, it has been observed that hybrid techniques and CNN-based segmentation are more effective for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images.
Histone lactylation driven by mROS-mediated glycolytic shift promotes hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Meiling , Liu Yanjie , Zhao Shihong , Wang Yanxia , Wang Meng , Niu Wen , Jin Faguang , Li Zhichao
Published: December 2022

Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and glycolysis have been established in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the effect of elevated mROS on glycolytic shift and how increased glycolysis promotes hypoxic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and vascular remodeling remain elusive. Here, we reported that hypoxia-induced mROS inhibit HIF-1α hydroxylation and further trigger PASMC glycolytic switch through the upregulated HIF-1α/PDK1&PDK2/p-PDH-E1α axis, which facilitates lactate accumulation and histone lactylation. Through H3K18la and HIF-1α ChIP–seq analysis, we found that the enhanced histone lactylation of HIF-1α targets, such as Bmp5, Trpc5, and Kit, promotes PASMC proliferation. Knockdown of Pdk1&2 blunts lactate production, histone lactylation marks, and PASMC proliferation. Moreover, pharmacological intervention with lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor diminishes histone lactylation and ameliorates PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypoxic PH rats. Taken together, this study provides proof of concept for anti-remodeling therapy through lactate manipulation.
Leaf traits of clonal grasses responding to the ratios of ammonium to nitrate in a semi-arid grassland: leaf order matters
Authors: Liu Ruoxuan , Chen Jungang , Ren Zhengru , Chen Xu , Lu Haining , Zhang Yuqiu , Zhang Yunhai
Published: December 2022

Leaf is the main organ of photosynthesis. Leaf phenotypic plasticity largely determines the adaptation of plants to enriched nitrogen (N) environments. However, it remains unclear whether the optimal number (proportion) of leaves representing the leaf traits of the whole plant is similar between ambient and N-enriched conditions. Moreover, whether alteration in ammonium (NH4+-N) to nitrate (NO3−-N) ratios in atmospheric N deposition will alter the optimal leaf number is unexplored. By adding three NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratios in a temperate grassland of northern China since 2014, three traits (leaf area, thickness and chlorophyll content) of two dominant clonal grasses, Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum, were measured in August 2020. Results showed that under ambient conditions, the mean leaf area, thickness and chlorophyll content values of two fully expanded leaves were similar to these of all leaves at the plant level, except for the leaf area of L. chinensis, which needed five leaves (78.82% of leaves in the plant). The ratios of NH4+-N/NO3−-N increased the number of required sampled leaves and significantly changed the mean value of leaf traits and the maximum value along leaf order. Moreover, the ratios of NH4+-N/NO3−-N altered the trade-off among the three leaf traits, which is dependent on leaf order, by increasing leaf area and decreasing leaf thickness. Therefore, our study suggests that to better indicate the leaf traits’ value of the whole plant under N-enriched conditions, measuring all fully expanded leaves or providing a suitable scaling-up parameter is needed.
Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of SMART: An EHealth Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wade Shari L , Sidol Craig , Babcock Lynn , Schmidt Matthew , Kurowski Brad , Cassedy Amy , Zhang Nanhua
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the SMART (Self-Management After Recent Traumatic brain injury) program and potential moderators.

Methods

Parallel randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03498495) was conducted. Eligibility criteria included treatment for mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department and age 11–18 years. Participants were assigned equally to SMART (n = 35) or usual care (UC; n = 36). SMART included symptom monitoring and online modules supporting the return to activities and symptom management. Coping and quality of life (QoL) (primary outcomes) and post-concussive symptoms (secondary outcome) were assessed at baseline and weekly for 4 weeks.

Results

Groups did not differ in coping, QoL, or return to pre-injury symptom levels at any time point. Problem-focused engagement (PFE) moderated group differences over time (p = .02). At high PFE, UC participants reported lower QoL at time 1 (effect size [ES] = 0.60); SMART participants did not report a decline at any point. At low PFE, SMART participants reported declining QoL from pre-injury to time 1 (ES = 0.68), whereas UC participants reported an increase from time 1 to 3 (ES = 0.56). PFE also moderated group differences on the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI) cognitive (p = .02) and somatic symptom scales (p = .05). At high PFE, SMART participants reported a more rapid return to pre-injury levels than UC participants (p = .05). Resilience also moderated group differences in QoL and HBI cognitive recovery.

Conclusion

Effectiveness of the SMART app varied based on preinjury coping styles and resilience, underscoring the potential need to tailor treatments to individual characteristics.
Departing or Being Deported? Poland’s Approach towards Humanitarian Migrants
Authors: Klaus Witold , Szulecka Monika
Published: December 2022

Referring to the theoretical reflection on securitization in the area of forced migration and applying Barak Kalir’s concept of Departheid, we investigate policies and practices deployed by the Polish authorities to deal with humanitarian migrants. In particular between 2015 and 2021, in the Polish context, humanitarian migrants were usually equated with ‘bogus’ asylum seekers, ‘undeserving’ of protection or even the right to apply for it. With the increasing presence of Belarusian and, more recently, Ukrainian asylum seekers in Poland, two completely different state attitudes towards asylum seekers reaching Poland’s borders became visible. People directly fleeing Belarus and Ukraine were seen as deserving protection and support, and faced no obstacles in entering Poland through its eastern border. At the same time, non-White people forced to leave Asian or African regions in crisis, attempting to cross the border and to enter Poland remained ‘unwanted’—to be deterred or deported, and thus illegalized at some stage of their mobility, usually already at the point of entrance. Based on the analysis of empirical data gathered between 2018 and 2021, we look for durable solutions for the latter category of migrants and investigate the reasons for the selectivity observed in the Polish practices towards asylum seekers. We conclude that the governmental approach perpetuated towards keeping humanitarian migrants away from Polish territory, especially in the post-2015 context, builds on xenophobic sentiments, making the concept of Departheid applicable to the realities of forced migration management in Poland.
Correcting Selection Bias in Big Data by Pseudo-Weighting
Authors: Liu An-Chiao , Scholtus Sander , De Waal Ton
Published: December 2022

Nonprobability samples, for example observational studies, online opt-in surveys, or register data, do not come from a sampling design and therefore may suffer from selection bias. To correct for selection bias, Elliott and Valliant (EV) proposed a pseudo-weight estimation method that applies a two-sample setup for a probability sample and a nonprobability sample drawn from the same population, sharing some common auxiliary variables. By estimating the propensities of inclusion in the nonprobability sample given the two samples, we may correct the selection bias by (pseudo) design-based approaches. This paper expands the original method, allowing for large sampling fractions in either sample or for high expected overlap between selected units in each sample, conditions often present in administrative data sets and more frequently occurring with Big Data.
Energy vulnerability and pathway towards sustainable energy systems in the Arab region
Authors: Sedaoui Radia
Published: December 2022

Energy vulnerability in the Arab region is linked to various environmental challenges, including water shortage and desertification, as well as accelerating demand for energy which remains largely unchecked, among others. The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 addresses these cross-cutting issues by setting targets for ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. This article aims to show that progress towards achieving this goal’s targets within the Arab region is currently offtrack, due to a variety of challenges. These include lack of energy demand management needed to decouple energy consumption from economic growth; much required structural and economic reforms, including diversification; lack of long-term planning and technological awareness; and insufficient access to financing. To overcome these problems and address energy vulnerability, Arab countries should integrate sustainable energy as a fundamental element of national development strategies and embrace circular carbon economy principles within the context of SDG 7. Integrated approaches to energy sector management are required, and topics such as natural resources governance and environmental protection should be elevated within domestic policy agendas.
Reductions in leaf area index, pod production, seed size, and harvest index drive yield loss to high temperatures in soybean
Authors: Burroughs Charles H , Montes Christopher M , Moller Christopher A , Mitchell Noah G , Michael Anne Marie , Peng Bin , Kimm Hyungsuk , Pederson Taylor L , Lipka Alexander E , Bernacchi Carl J , Guan Kaiyu , Ainsworth Elizabeth A
Published: December 2022

Improvements in genetics, technology, and agricultural intensification have increased soybean yields; however, adverse climate conditions may prevent these gains from being fully realized in the future. Higher growing season temperatures reduce soybean yields in key production regions including the US Midwest, and better understanding of the developmental and physiological mechanisms that constrain soybean yield under high temperature conditions is needed. This study tested the response of two soybean cultivars to four elevated temperature treatments (+1.7, +2.6, +3.6, and +4.8 °C) in the field over three growing seasons and identified threshold temperatures for response and linear versus non-linear trait responses to temperature. Yield declined non-linearly to temperature, with decreases apparent when canopy temperature exceeded 20.9 °C for the locally adapted cultivar and 22.7°C for a cultivar adapted to more southern locations. While stem node number increased with increasing temperature, leaf area index decreased substantially. Pod production, seed size, and harvest index significantly decreased with increasing temperature. The seasonal average temperature of even the mildest treatment exceeded the threshold temperatures for yield loss, emphasizing the importance of improving temperature tolerance in soybean germplasm with intensifying climate change.
Lumbar Degenerative Disease and Muscle Morphology Before and After Lower Limb Loss in Four Military Patients
Authors: Butowicz Courtney M , Helgeson Melvin D , Pisano Alfred J , Cook John W , Dearth Christopher L , Hendershot Brad D
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent after lower limb amputation (LLA). Reports describing longitudinal changes in spine health before and after amputation are rare. This study describes lumbar spine pathology, muscle morphology, and the continuum of care for LBP before and after LLA.

Materials and Methods

We queried electronic medical records of patients who sought care for LBP before and after unilateral LLA between January 2002 and April 2020 and who had documented lumbar imaging pre- and post-LLA. Patient demographics, muscle morphology, spinal pathology, premorbid and comorbid conditions, self-reported pain, and treatment interventions were assessed.

Results

Four patients with LBP and imaging before and after LLA were identified. Intervertebral disc degeneration progressed after amputation in three patients, whereas facet arthrosis progressed in both female patients. The fat content of lumbar musculature generally increased after amputation. Conservative management of LBP before and after amputation was standard, with progression to steroidal injections.

Conclusions

Lumbar spine health may degrade after amputation. Here, lumbar muscle size did not change after LLA, yet the fat content increased in combination with increases in facet and intervertebral disc degeneration.
Beliefs and Perceived Barriers Regarding Psychedelic-assisted Therapy in a Pilot Study of Service Members and Veterans With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gray Joshua C , Murphy Mikela , Carter Sierra E , Johnson Matthew W , Wolfgang Aaron S , Roy Michael J , Maples-Keller Jessica L
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common in service members and veterans, and the response to currently available treatments is often modest at best. Recent studies suggest potential benefit with psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs), particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy for PTSD and psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. This study examined beliefs and perceived barriers regarding PAT among service members and veterans to inform the delivery of these treatments if they are approved by the FDA.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-one service members and veterans (67% male, 81% White, and 43% active duty) with a history of traumatic brain injury and co-occurring cognitive and psychological symptoms completed a measure assessing baseline knowledge and views of PAT, read a brief psychoeducation regarding PAT, and then responded to questions related to their beliefs and perceived barriers to PAT.

Results

Before psychoeducation, participants reported a neutral view of psychedelic drugs (M = 2.76; range: 1-5), PAT (M = 3.33), and interest in PAT (M = 3.10). After psychoeducation, participants reported a significantly more positive view of psychedelic drugs (M = 3.24, P = .014) and interest in PAT (M = 3.67, P = .016). Overall, participants indicated that they would support PAT availability in medical settings if proven beneficial (M = 4.52; 5 = “agree strongly”) and they would support a loved one engaging in PAT (M = 4.29). The most frequently reported health concerns were concern of long-term effects (43%), fear of losing their mind (33%), fear of personality changes (33%), and fear of traumatic brain injury complications (24%). The most frequently endorsed barriers were time commitment, transportation, financial concerns, work, and childcare (33%-19%), with 48% reporting no barriers.

Conclusions

This is the first study to explore beliefs and perceived barriers regarding PAT among service members and veterans. These results indicate that military populations may be interested in PAT, particularly if psychoeducation and outreach regarding these treatments occurred. If FDA approved, it will be important to facilitate command support and address logistical barriers to ensure appropriate access within military contexts.
The Uchuu-universe machine data set: galaxies in and around clusters
Authors: Aung Han , Nagai Daisuke , Klypin Anatoly , Behroozi Peter , Abdullah Mohamed H , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Prada Francisco , Pérez Enrique , López Cacheiro Javier , Ruedas José
Published: December 2022

We present the public data release of the Uchuu-UM galaxy catalogues by applying the UniverseMachine algorithm to assign galaxies to the dark matter haloes in the Uchuu N-body cosmological simulation. It includes a variety of baryonic properties for all galaxies down to ∼5 × 108 M⊙ with haloes in a mass range of 1010 < Mhalo/M⊙ < 5 × 1015 up to redshift z = 10. Uchuu-UM includes more than 104 cluster-size haloes in a volume of 8(h−1Gpc)3, reproducing observed stellar mass functions across the redshift range of z = 0−7, galaxy quenched fractions, and clustering statistics at low redshifts. Compared to the previous largest UM catalogue, the Uchuu-UM catalogue includes significantly more massive galaxies hosted by large-mass dark matter haloes. Overall, the number density profile of galaxies in dark matter haloes follows the dark matter profile, with the profile becoming steeper around the splashback radius and flattening at larger radii. The number density profile of galaxies tends to be steeper for larger stellar masses and depends on the colour of galaxies, with red galaxies having steeper slopes at all radii than blue galaxies. The quenched fraction exhibits a strong dependence on the stellar mass and increases towards the inner regions of clusters. The publicly available Uchuu-UM galaxy catalogue presented here can serve to model ongoing and upcoming large galaxy surveys.
X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70. Signs of accretion and coronal activity
Authors: Joyce Simon R G , Pye John P , Nichols Jonathan D , Alexander Richard , Güdel Manuel , Barrado David
Published: December 2022

Planet formation takes place in protoplanetary discs around young T-Tauri stars. PDS 70 is one of the first confirmed examples of a system where the planets are currently forming in gaps in the disc, and can be directly imaged. One of the main early influences on planet formation is the lifetime of the protoplanetary disc, which is limited by the intense stellar X-ray and UV radiation. Stellar coronal activity and accretion of material onto the star are both potential sources of XUV radiation. Previous Swift observations detected UV emission, which were consistent with a low rate of accretion. We present follow up observations with the XMM-Newton observatory, which observed PDS 70 simultaneously in X-ray and UV in order to determine intensity of XUV radiation in the system, and identify if the source is coronal, accretion, or both. We detect a strong source in both X-ray and UV, with an average X-ray 0.2–12 keV luminosity of 1.37 × 1030 erg s−1, and a possible flare which increased the luminosity to 2.8 × 1030 erg s−1. The UV flux density is in excess of what would be expected from chromospheric emission, and supports the interpretation that PDS 70 has continuing weak accretion less than ∼10−10 M⊙ yr−1. The implications of the detected X-ray and UV radiation are that the disc is likely to be in the final stages of dispersal, and will be completely evaporated in the next million years, bringing an end to the primary planet formation process.
Limb darkening measurements from TESS and Kepler light curves of transiting exoplanets
Authors: Maxted Pierre F L
Published: December 2022

Inaccurate limb-darkening models can be a significant source of error in the analysis of the light curves for transiting exoplanet and eclipsing binary star systems. To test the accuracy of published limb-darkening models, I have compared limb-darkening profiles predicted by stellar atmosphere models to the limb-darkening profiles measured from high-quality light curves of 43 FGK-type stars in transiting exoplanet systems observed by the Kepler and TESS missions. The comparison is done using the parameters $h^{\prime }_1 = I_{\lambda }({2}/{3})$ and $h^{\prime }_2 = h^{\prime }_1 - I_{\lambda }({1}/{3})$, where Iλ(μ) is the specific intensity emitted in the direction μ, the cosine of the angle between the line of sight and the surface normal vector. These parameters are straightforward to interpret and insensitive to the details of how they are computed. I find that most (but not all) tabulations of limb-darkening data agree well with the observed values of $h^{\prime }_1$ and $h^{\prime }_2$. There is a small but significant offset $\Delta h^{\prime }_1 \approx 0.006$ compared to the observed values that can be ascribed to the effect of a mean vertical magnetic field strength ≈100 G that is expected in the photospheres of these inactive solar-type stars but that is not accounted for by typical stellar model atmospheres. The implications of these results for the precision of planetary radii measured by the PLATO mission are discussed briefly.
Fraction of stars in clusters for the LEGUS dwarf galaxies
Authors: Cook D O , Lee J C , Adamo A , Calzetti D , Chandar R , Whitmore B C , Aloisi A , Cignoni M , Dale D A , Elmegreen B G , Fumagalli M , Grasha K , Johnson K E , Kennicutt R C , Kim H , Linden S T , Messa M , Östlin G , Ryon J E , Sacchi E , Thilker D A , Tosi M , Wofford A
Published: December 2022

We study the young star cluster populations in 23 dwarf and irregular galaxies observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Legacy ExtraGalactic Ultraviolet Survey (LEGUS), and examine relationships between the ensemble properties of the cluster populations and those of their host galaxies: star formation rate (SFR) density (ΣSFR). A strength of this analysis is the availability of SFRs measured from temporally resolved star formation histories that provide the means to match cluster and host galaxy properties on several time-scales (1–10, 1–100, and 10–100 Myr). Nevertheless, studies of this kind are challenging for dwarf galaxies due to the small numbers of clusters in each system. We mitigate these issues by combining the clusters across different galaxies with similar ΣSFR properties. We find good agreement with a well-established relationship ($M_{V}^{\mathrm{ brightest}}$–SFR), but find no significant correlations between ΣSFR and the slopes of the cluster luminosity function, mass function, nor the age distribution. We also find no significant trend between the fraction of stars in bound clusters at different age ranges (Γ1–10, Γ10–100, and Γ1–100) and ΣSFR of the host galaxy. Our data show a decrease in Γ over time (from 1–10 to 10–100 Myr) suggesting early cluster dissolution, though the presence of unbound clusters in the youngest time bin makes it difficult to quantify the degree of dissolution. While our data do not exhibit strong correlations between ΣSFR and ensemble cluster properties, we cannot rule out that a weak trend might exist given the relatively large uncertainties due to low number statistics and the limited ΣSFR range probed.
Gas-phase metallicity break radii of star-forming galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Garcia Alex M , Torrey Paul , Hemler Z S , Hernquist Lars , Kewley Lisa J , Nelson Erica J , Grasha Kathryn , Zovaro Henry R M , Chen Qian-Hui
Published: December 2022

We present radial gas-phase metallicity profiles, gradients, and break radii at redshift z = 0–3 from the TNG50-1 star-forming galaxy population. These metallicity profiles are characterized by an emphasis on identifying the steep inner gradient and flat outer gradient. From this, the break radius, Rbreak, is defined as the region where the transition occurs. We observe the break radius having a positive trend with mass that weakens with redshift. When normalized by the stellar half-mass radius, the break radius has a weaker relation with both mass and redshift. To test if our results are dependent on the resolution or adopted physics of TNG50-1, the same analysis is performed in TNG50-2 and Illustris-1. We find general agreement between each of the simulations in their qualitative trends; however, the adopted physics between TNG and Illustris differ and therefore the breaks, normalized by galaxy size, deviate by a factor of ∼2. In order to understand where the break comes from, we define two relevant time-scales: an enrichment time-scale and a radial gas mixing time-scale. We find that Rbreak occurs where the gas mixing time-scale is ∼10 times as long as the enrichment time-scale in all three simulation runs, with some weak mass and redshift dependence. This implies that galactic discs can be thought of in two-parts: a star-forming inner disc with a steep gradient and a mixing-dominated outer disc with a flat gradient, with the break radius marking the region of transition between them.
ExoMol line lists – XLVII. Rovibronic spectrum of aluminium monochloride (AlCl)
Authors: Yurchenko Sergei N , Nogué Emma , Azzam Ala’a A A , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: December 2022

A line list for two isotopologues of aluminium monochloride, Al35Cl and Al37Cl, is presented covering the wavelength range <0.2 µm, J up to 400, and applicable for temperatures up to 5000 K. The line lists are built using an empirical spectroscopic model consisting of potential energy curves, spin–orbit coupling curves, electronic angular momentum curves, and Born–Oppenheimer breakdown correction curves combined with ab initio dipole moments and cover the four lowest electronic states, ${X}\, ^1\Sigma ^+$, ${A}\, ^1\Pi$, ${a}\, ^3\Pi$, and ${b}\, ^3\Sigma ^+$. Considerable problems with the assignments of some laboratory rovibronic spectra are identified. Treatment of the states lying in the continuum is discussed. The YNAT line list is available from the ExoMol data base at www.exomol.com.
The Sherwood–Relics simulations: overview and impact of patchy reionization and pressure smoothing on the intergalactic medium
Authors: Puchwein Ewald , Bolton James S , Keating Laura C , Molaro Margherita , Gaikwad Prakash , Kulkarni Girish , Haehnelt Martin G , Iršič Vid , Šoltinský Tomáš , Viel Matteo , Aubert Dominique , Becker George D , Meiksin Avery
Published: December 2022

We present the Sherwood–Relics simulations, a new suite of large cosmological hydrodynamical simulations aimed at modelling the intergalactic medium (IGM) during and after the cosmic reionization of hydrogen. The suite consists of over 200 simulations that cover a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. It also includes simulations that use a new lightweight hybrid scheme for treating radiative transfer effects. This scheme follows the spatial variations in the ionizing radiation field, as well as the associated fluctuations in IGM temperature and pressure smoothing. It is computationally much cheaper than full radiation hydrodynamics simulations, and circumvents the difficult task of calibrating a galaxy formation model to observational constraints on cosmic reionization. Using this hybrid technique, we study the spatial fluctuations in IGM properties that are seeded by patchy cosmic reionization. We investigate the relevant physical processes and assess their impact on the z > 4 Lyman-α forest. Our main findings are: (i) consistent with previous studies patchy reionization causes large-scale temperature fluctuations that persist well after the end of reionization, (ii) these increase the Lyman-α forest flux power spectrum on large scales, and (iii) result in a spatially varying pressure smoothing that correlates well with the local reionization redshift. (iv) Structures evaporated or puffed up by photoheating cause notable features in the Lyman-α forest, such as flat-bottom or double-dip absorption profiles.
Seeking the growth of the first black hole seeds with JWST
Authors: Trinca Alessandro , Schneider Raffaella , Maiolino Roberto , Valiante Rosa , Graziani Luca , Volonteri Marta
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we provide predictions for the black hole (BH) population that would be observable with planned JWST surveys at 5 ≤ z ≤ 15. We base our study on the recently developed Cosmic Archaeology Tool, which allows us to model BH seeds formation and growth while being consistent with the general population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and galaxies observed at 4 ≤ z ≤ 7. We find that JWST planned surveys will provide a complementary view on active BHs at z > 5, with JADES-Medium/-Deep being capable of detecting the numerous BHs that populate the faint-end of the distribution, COSMOS-Web sampling a large enough area to detect the rarest brightest systems, and CEERS/PRIMER bridging the gap between these two regimes. The relatively small field of view of the above surveys preferentially selects BHs with masses 6 ≤ Log(MBH/M⊙) < 8 at 7 ≤ z < 10, residing in relatively metal poor (Log(Z/Z⊙) ≥ −2) and massive (8 ≤ Log(M*/M⊙) < 10) galaxies. At z ≥ 10, only JADES-Deep will have the sensitivity to detect growing BHs with masses 4 ≤ Log(MBH/M⊙) < 6, hosted by more metal poor (−3 ≤ Log(Z/Z⊙) < −2) and less massive (6 ≤ Log(M*/M⊙) < 8) galaxies. In our model, the latter population corresponds to heavy BH seeds formed by the direct collapse of supermassive stars in their earliest phases of mass growth. Detecting these systems would provide invaluable insights on the nature and early growth of the first BH seeds.
Has the dust clump in the debris disc of Beta Pictoris moved?
Authors: Han Y , Wyatt M C , Dent W R F
Published: December 2022

The edge-on debris disc of the nearby young star Beta Pictoris shows an unusual brightness asymmetry in the form of a clump. The clump has been detected in both the mid-infrared (IR) and CO, and its origin has so far remained uncertain. Here, we present new mid-IR observations of Beta Pic to track any motion of the dust clump. Together with previous observations, the data span a period of 12 yr. We measured any projected displacement of the dust clump over the 12-yr period to be $0.2^{+1.3}_{-1.4}$ au away from the star based on the median and 1σ uncertainty, and constrain this displacement to be <11 au at the 3σ level. This implies that the observed motion is incompatible with Keplerian motion at the 2.8σ level. It has been posited that a planet migrating outwards may trap planetesimals into a 2:1 resonance, resulting in the observed clump at pericentre of their orbits that trails the planet. The observed motion is also incompatible with such resonant motion at the 2.6σ level. While Keplerian motion and resonant motion is still possible, the data suggest that the dust clump is more likely stationary. Such a stationary dust clump could originate from the collision or tidal disruption of a planet-sized body, or from secular perturbations due to a planet that create regions with enhanced densities in the disc.
Reversible time-step adaptation for the integration of few-body systems
Authors: Boekholt Tjarda C N , Vaillant Timothée , Correia Alexandre C M
Published: December 2022

The time-step criterion plays a crucial role in direct N-body codes. If not chosen carefully, it will cause a secular drift in the energy error. Shared, adaptive time-step criteria commonly adopt the minimum pairwise time-step, which suffers from discontinuities in the time evolution of the time-step. This has a large impact on the functioning of time-step symmetrization algorithms. We provide new demonstrations of previous findings that a smooth and weighted average over all pairwise time-steps in the N-body system, improves the level of energy conservation. Furthermore, we compare the performance of 27 different time-step criteria, by considering three methods for weighting time-steps and nine symmetrization methods. We present performance tests for strongly chaotic few-body systems, including unstable triples, giant planets in a resonant chain, and the current Solar System. We find that the harmonic symmetrization methods (methods A3 and B3 in our notation) are the most robust, in the sense that the symmetrized time-step remains close to the time-step function. Furthermore, based on our Solar System experiment, we find that our new weighting method based on direct pair-wise averaging (method W2 in our notation), is slightly preferred over the other methods.
A dynamics-based density profile for dark haloes – II. Fitting function
Authors: Diemer Benedikt
Published: December 2022

The density profiles of dark matter haloes are commonly described by fitting functions such as the NFW or Einasto models, but these approximations break down in the transition region where haloes become dominated by newly accreting matter. Here, we present a simple accurate new fitting function that is inspired by the asymptotic shapes of the separate orbiting and infalling halo components. The orbiting term is described as a truncated Einasto profile, ρorb ∝ exp [ − 2/α (r/rs)α − 1/β (r/rt)β], with a five-parameter space of normalization, physically distinct scale and truncation radii, and α and β, which control how rapidly the profiles steepen. The infalling profile is modelled as a power law in overdensity that smoothly transitions to a constant at the halo centre. We show that these formulae fit the averaged total profiles in simulations to about 5 per cent accuracy across almost all of an expansive parameter space in halo mass, redshift, cosmology, and accretion rate. When fixing α = 0.18 and β = 3, the formula becomes a three-parameter model that fits individual haloes better than the Einasto profile on average. By analogy with King profiles, we show that the sharp truncation resembles a cut-off in binding energy.