bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: Sabatovska I. S. , Seleznev M. A.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – проаналізувати сутність активних методів навчання, особливості їх використання в освітньому процесі та визна­чити педагогічні умови, що сприяють підвищенню якості підготовки фахівців медичного профілю.Основна частина. У статті наводиться аналіз активних методів навчання, визначаються особливості їх використання з метою підвищення якості освітнього процесу та підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Обґрунтовуються педагогічні умови використання активних методів навчання, зокрема у підготовці фахівців медичного профілю. Визначається, що серед основних педагогічних умов є, по-перше, особистість викладача та рівень його педагогічної майстерності, а по-друге – урізноманітнення форм та методів навчання і безпосереднє упровадження активних методів в освітній процес.Висновок. Підкреслюється, що найбільш ефективний вплив на професійний розвиток лікаря-інтерна, як компетентної особистості та конкурентоспроможного фахівця, здійснюється завдяки застосуванню в освітньому просторі ВНЗ таких активних методів, як: навчання в дискусії, дидактичні ігри, метод ситуаційного аналізу (кейс-метод), мультимедійні засоби навчання, метод моделювання ситуацій (симуляційне навчання) та ін.
ОКРЕМІ СТОРІНКИ ІСТОРІЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ БІОЛОГІЇ У ЛЬВІВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ ДАНИЛА ГАЛИЦЬКОГО
Authors: Vorobets Z. D. , Kushynska M. Ye. , Chupashko O. Ya.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – відтворення основних етапів життєвого шляху Михайла Івановича Єфімова, завідувача кафедри медичної біології (1946–1948), наукового дослідника проблеми регенерації органів і тканин.Основна частина. Колективом кафедри проведено комплексне ретроспективне дослідження із залученням архівних матеріа­лів, поодиноких повідомлень, що збереглись у наукових виданнях того часу, що дало змогу відтворити сторінки становлення кафедри, її наукових спрямувань упродовж періоду від створення донині. Дане наукове повідомлення є суттєвим доповненням історико-медичного минулого сучасної України. Організатором і першим завідувачем кафедри медичної біології Львівського медичного інституту був Рудольф Вейгль – гуманіст, патріот, вчений, що створив першу у світі ефективну вакцину від висипного тифу. З 1946 до 1948 р. кафедру очолював Михайло Іванович Єфімов. У даній статті наведено біографічні дані М. Єфімова. Також представлено результати його наукових досліджень стосовно вирішення актуальної наукової проблеми – регенерації органів і тканин.Висновок. Упродовж існування кафедри медичної біології Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Данила Галицького (з 1920 р. дотепер) її очільниками були визначні вчені, які провадили багатоаспектні наукові дослідження, що є вагомим внеском у розвиток не лише української, а й світової біологічної науки.
ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЧНОЇ ФІЗИКИ
Authors: Didukh V. D. , Rudyak Y. A. , Horkunenko A. B. , Kuzmak I. P. , Naumovа L. V.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – висвітлити історичні шляхи розвитку медичної фізики, розкрити закономірності становлення і розвитку фундаментальних фізичних та медичних знань, їхній взаємозв’язок, показати їх еволюцію і значущість для минувшини і сьогодення.Основна частина. У статті розглянуто початковий етап історії становлення та розвитку медичної фізики, який забезпечив вплив на напрямок шляху розвитку фізики і медицини в майбутньому і який нерозривно пов’язаний із загальною історією людства. Показано, як змінювалась наукова картина світу упродовж тисячоліть, розглянуто взаємодоповнювальність і спадкоємність фізики та медицини.Саме знання історії розвитку науки забезпечує вплив на напрямок шляхів розвитку науки і сприяє її прогресу.Як влучно зазначив Джон Бернал, “Лише ... знання історії може застерегти вчених – заради того престижу, яким вони користуються, – від ролі сліпих та безпомічних пішаків у великій сучасній драмі використання та зловживання наукою”.Висновок. У статті розглянуті етапи становлення атомного вчення, а також ятромеханічного (метафізичного) напрямку у науці (XVI–XVIII ст.), представники якого намагалися пояснити всі фізіологічні явища і процеси на основі механіки, вважаючи, що хвороба є наслідком порушень закономірностей руху окремих найдрібніших частинок організму, який являє собою своєрідну механічну машину.
ІННОВАЦІЇ У МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ: ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ДІАГНОСТИКИ, ЛІКУВАННЯ ТА ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Authors: Krynytska I. Ya. , Marushchak M. І. , Klishch I. M. , Petrenko N. V.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – проаналізувати переваги інтегративного підходу до вивчення діагностики, лікування та профілактики захворювань в освітньому процесі медичного університету.Основна частина. Інтеграція України в міжнародне науково-освітнє співтовариство та реформування системи охорони здоров’я в Україні потребують впровадження в освітньо-інтегративний процес міжнародних медичних та освітніх стандартів. Однією із важливих компетентностей, якої має набути студент вищого медичного закладу, є клінічне мислення та інтегративний підхід до діагностики, лікування та профілактики захворювань.Інтегративна медицина демонструє багаторівневий підхід до пацієнта з будь-якою патологією і передбачає співпрацю з таким пацієнтом на рівні його особистості, соматичної та психологічної проблеми та орієнтована на кінцеву мету – зміну стратегії та якості життя пацієнта, а не лише позбавлення його певного соматичного захворювання.Висновок. Таким чином, принципи інтегративної медицини є найбільш перспективними для подальшого теоретичного розвитку і мають безумовні практичні переваги, оскільки, ґрунтуючись на ідеї єдиного механізму розвитку хвороб, обумовленого закономірними процесами життєдіяльності, передбачають більш раціональні шляхи пошуку ефективних засобів профілактики і лікування.
ВИКЛАДАННЯ В МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ НА ЗАСАДАХ ЛІДЕРСТВА
Authors: Marushchak M. I. , Krynytska I. Ya. , Petrenko N. V. , Habor H. H.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – проаналізувати особливості викладання в медичному університеті на засадах лідерства.Основна частина. В еру глобалізації, інтернаціоналізації, розвитку інформаційних технологій відбувається перехід від поверхневого підходу (surface approach) викладання до глибинного (deep approach). Викладання на засадах лідерства спрямоване на розкриття потенціалу кожного, активно залучаючи студентів в освітній процес, надихаючи їх на запитання і пошук відповідей на них. Студент отримує знання через аналіз та синтез інформації, інтегруючи їх із загальними здібностями комунікації, критичного мислення та вирішення проблем, а викладач лише допомагає в цьому.Висновки. Розвиток теорії дистрибутивного лідерства передбачає лідерство усіх співробітників навчального закладу, незалежно від посади, яку вони обіймають, та рівня відповідальності, здійснення впливу на колег, а також на загальний напрям розвитку вишу.Викладач-лідер – це професіонал зі збереженими професійними цінностями і чітко визначеною сферою діяльності. Викладання на засадах лідерства спрямоване на розкриття потенціалу кожного студента та активне їх залучення в освітній процес.
A representação feminina em Machado de Assis: Helena, embrião de Capitu
Authors: Ferreira Jean Fabricio Lopes , Perrot Andrea Czarnobay
Published: January 2018

Pretende-se, neste artigo, discorrer sobre as ideias de Machado de Assis presentes na representação feminina de Helena e de Capitu, personagens machadianas de fases distintas – cronologicamente – de sua obra, Helena (1876) e Dom Casmurro (1899). Para tanto, serão explorados os processos de construção das referidas personagens, bem como a relação desses processos com os preceitos da escola literária em vigor à época da escrita de cada romance e com o contexto sociocultural ao qual pertenciam. Assim, trabalhando com a ideia de Modernidade e revisando elementos da fortuna crítica sobre Machado em relação ao tema, buscou-se traçar um panorama que retrate a representação feminina semelhante, tanto de Helena quanto de Capitu. Busca-se, sobretudo, mostrar que Helena já trazia em si elementos de Capitu, revelando que a obra de Machado de Assis pode e deve ser vista como um todo, e não cindida em duas fases.
Cigarette Smoke Initiates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Phenotypic Modulation Leading to Cerebral Aneurysm Pathogenesis
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Thompson John W. , Ali Muhammad S. , Pascale Crissey L. , Martinez Lege Alejandra , Ding Dale , Chalouhi Nohra , Hasan David M. , Jabbour Pascal , Owens Gary K. , Toborek Michal , Hare Joshua M. , Dumont Aaron S.
Published: January 2018

Objective—

Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a risk factor for cerebral aneurysm (CA) formation, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Although CSE is known to contribute to excess reactive oxygen species generation, the role of oxidative stress on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation and pathogenesis of CAs is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate whether CSE activates a NOX (NADPH oxidase)-dependent pathway leading to VSMC phenotypic modulation and CA formation and rupture.

Approach and Results—

In cultured cerebral VSMCs, CSE increased expression of NOX1 and reactive oxygen species which preceded upregulation of proinflammatory/matrix remodeling genes (MCP-1, MMPs [matrix metalloproteinase], TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, KLF4 [Kruppel-like factor 4]) and downregulation of contractile genes (SM-α-actin [smooth muscle α actin], SM-22α [smooth muscle 22α], SM-MHC [smooth muscle myosin heavy chain]) and myocardin. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and knockdown of NOX1 with siRNA or antisense decreased CSE-induced upregulation of NOX1 and inflammatory genes and downregulation of VSMC contractile genes and myocardin. p47phox
−/−
NOX knockout mice, or pretreatment with the NOX inhibitor, apocynin, significantly decreased CA formation and rupture compared with controls. NOX1 protein and mRNA expression were similar in p47phox
−/−
mice and those pretreated with apocynin but were elevated in unruptured and ruptured CAs. CSE increased CA formation and rupture, which was diminished with apocynin pretreatment. Similarly, NOX1 protein and mRNA and reactive oxygen species were elevated by CSE, and in unruptured and ruptured CAs.

Conclusions—

CSE initiates oxidative stress-induced phenotypic modulation of VSMCs and CA formation and rupture. These molecular changes implicate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CAs and may provide a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
Reducing Cardiovascular Disparities Through Community-Engaged Implementation Research
Authors: Mensah George A. , Cooper Richard S. , Siega-Riz Anna Maria , Cooper Lisa A. , Smith Justin D. , Brown C. Hendricks , Westfall John M. , Ofili Elizabeth O. , Price LeShawndra N. , Arteaga Sonia , Green Parker Melissa C. , Nelson Cheryl R. , Newsome Bradley J. , Redmond Nicole , Roper Rebecca A. , Beech Bettina M. , Brooks Jada L. , Furr-Holden Debra , Gebreab Samson Y. , Giles Wayne H. , James Regina Smith , Lewis Tené T. , Mokdad Ali H. , Moore Kari D. , Ravenell Joseph E. , Richmond Al , Schoenberg Nancy E. , Sims Mario , Singh Gopal K. , Sumner Anne E. , Treviño Roberto P. , Watson Karriem S. , Avilés-Santa M. Larissa , Reis Jared P. , Pratt Charlotte A. , Engelgau Michael M. , Goff David C. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J.
Published: January 2018

Cardiovascular disparities remain pervasive in the United States. Unequal disease burden is evident among population groups based on sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, nativity, or geography. Despite the significant declines in cardiovascular disease mortality rates in all demographic groups during the last 50 years, large disparities remain by sex, race, ethnicity, and geography. Recent data from modeling studies, linked micromap plots, and small-area analyses also demonstrate prominent variation in cardiovascular disease mortality rates across states and counties, with an especially high disease burden in the southeastern United States and Appalachia. Despite these continued disparities, few large-scale intervention studies have been conducted in these high-burden populations to examine the feasibility of reducing or eliminating cardiovascular disparities. To address this challenge, on June 22 and 23, 2017, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened experts from a broad range of biomedical, behavioral, environmental, implementation, and social science backgrounds to summarize the current state of knowledge of cardiovascular disease disparities and propose intervention strategies aligned with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute mission. This report presents the themes, challenges, opportunities, available resources, and recommended actions discussed at the workshop.
Complement Receptor C5aR1 Plays an Evolutionarily Conserved Role in Successful Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Natarajan Niranjana , Abbas Yamen , Bryant Donald M. , Gonzalez-Rosa Juan Manuel , Sharpe Michka , Uygur Aysu , Cocco-Delgado Lucas H. , Ho Nhi Ngoc , Gerard Norma P. , Gerard Craig J. , MacRae Calum A. , Burns Caroline E. , Burns C. Geoffrey , Whited Jessica L. , Lee Richard T.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Defining conserved molecular pathways in animal models of successful cardiac regeneration could yield insight into why adult mammals have inadequate cardiac regeneration after injury. Insight into the transcriptomic landscape of early cardiac regeneration from model organisms will shed light on evolutionarily conserved pathways in successful cardiac regeneration.

Methods:

Here we describe a cross-species transcriptomic screen in 3 model organisms for cardiac regeneration: axolotl, neonatal mice, and zebrafish. Apical resection to remove ≈10% to 20% of ventricular mass was carried out in these model organisms. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on the hearts harvested at 3 time points: 12, 24, and 48 hours after resection. Sham surgery was used as internal control.

Results:

Genes associated with inflammatory processes were found to be upregulated in a conserved manner. Complement receptors (activated by complement components, part of the innate immune system) were found to be highly upregulated in all 3 species. This approach revealed induction of gene expression for complement 5a receptor 1 in the regenerating hearts of zebrafish, axolotls, and mice. Inhibition of complement 5a receptor 1 significantly attenuated the cardiomyocyte proliferative response to heart injury in all 3 species. Furthermore, after left ventricular apical resection, the cardiomyocyte proliferative response was diminished in mice with genetic deletion of complement 5a receptor 1.

Conclusions:

These data reveal that activation of complement 5a receptor 1 mediates an evolutionarily conserved response that promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury and identify complement pathway activation as a common pathway of successful heart regeneration.
Principal Effectiveness and Principal Turnover
Authors: Grissom Jason A. , Bartanen Brendan
Published: January 2018

Research demonstrates the importance of principal effectiveness for school performance and the potentially negative effects of principal turnover. However, we have limited understanding of the factors that lead principals to leave their schools or about the relative effectiveness of those who stay and those who turn over. We investigate the association between principal effectiveness and principal turnover using longitudinal data from Tennessee, a state that has invested in multiple measures of principal performance through its educator evaluation system. Using three measures of principal performance, we show that less-effective principals are more likely to turn over, on average, though we find some evidence that the most effective principals have elevated turnover rates as well. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of differentiating pathways out of the principalship, which vary substantially by effectiveness. Low performers are more likely to exit the education system and to be demoted to other school-level positions, whereas high performers are more likely to exit and to be promoted to central office positions. The link between performance and turnover suggests that prioritizing hiring or placing effective principals in schools with large numbers of low-income or low-achieving students can serve to lower principal turnover rates in high-needs environments.
Identification of Linear and Nonlinear Sensory Processing Circuits from Spiking Neuron Data
Authors: Florescu Dorian , Coca Daniel
Published: January 2018

Inferring mathematical models of sensory processing systems directly from input-output observations, while making the fewest assumptions about the model equations and the types of measurements available, is still a major issue in computational neuroscience. This letter introduces two new approaches for identifying sensory circuit models consisting of linear and nonlinear filters in series with spiking neuron models, based only on the sampled analog input to the filter and the recorded spike train output of the spiking neuron. For an ideal integrate-and-fire neuron model, the first algorithm can identify the spiking neuron parameters as well as the structure and parameters of an arbitrary nonlinear filter connected to it. The second algorithm can identify the parameters of the more general leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron model, as well as the parameters of an arbitrary linear filter connected to it. Numerical studies involving simulated and real experimental recordings are used to demonstrate the applicability and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Cross-Domain Metric and Multiple Kernel Learning Based on Information Theory
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Hao , Zhang Chen , Gao Yang
Published: January 2018

Learning an appropriate distance metric plays a substantial role in the success of many learning machines. Conventional metric learning algorithms have limited utility when the training and test samples are drawn from related but different domains (i.e., source domain and target domain). In this letter, we propose two novel metric learning algorithms for domain adaptation in an information-theoretic setting, allowing for discriminating power transfer and standard learning machine propagation across two domains. In the first one, a cross-domain Mahalanobis distance is learned by combining three goals: reducing the distribution difference between different domains, preserving the geometry of target domain data, and aligning the geometry of source domain data with label information. Furthermore, we devote our efforts to solving complex domain adaptation problems and go beyond linear cross-domain metric learning by extending the first method to a multiple kernel learning framework. A convex combination of multiple kernels and a linear transformation are adaptively learned in a single optimization, which greatly benefits the exploration of prior knowledge and the description of data characteristics. Comprehensive experiments in three real-world applications (face recognition, text classification, and object categorization) verify that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art metric learning and domain adaptation methods.
Imaging the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cognitive Processes at High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Tal I. , Abeles M.
Published: January 2018

This letter presents a noninvasive imaging technique that captures the exact timing and locations of cortical activity sequences that are specific to a cognitive process. These precise spatiotemporal sequences can be detected in the human brain as specific time-position pattern associated with a cognitive task. They are consistent with direct measurements of population activity recorded in nonhuman primates, thus suggesting that specific time-position patterns associated with a cognitive task can be identified.

This imaging technique is based on estimating the amplitude of cortical current dipoles from MEG recordings. Although the spatial resolution of these estimations is poor (approximately 2 cm), the temporal resolution is high (milliseconds). We show that within these cortical current dipoles, time points of cortical activation can be identified as brief amplitude undulations and that sequences of these transients repeat with millisecond accuracy, hence making it possible to treat the timing of these transients as point processes.

We illustrate the feasibility of finding spatiotemporal templates specific to the cognitive processes associated with following the rhythm of drumbeats that involve the activation at multiple cortical and cerebellar loci. These templates evolve at an accuracy of a few milliseconds. This approach can thus pave the way for new perspectives on the relationships between brain dynamics and cognition.
Description of a new species of the genus Caeneressa from China, with a checklist of the genus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: DAVLATOV ABDULAZIZ M. , WU CHUN-SHENG
Published: January 2018

A new species, Caeneressa fangae C.-S. Wu, is described from Sichuan, China. Image of adult and genitalia of the new species is provided. Caeneressa serrata (Hampson) is excluded from the fauna of China. A checklist of the species and subspecies of the genus Caeneressa is given on a worldwide basis.
Accounting for Gravitational Attraction and Loading Effects from Land Ice on Absolute Sea Level
Authors: Ponte Rui M. , Quinn Katherine J. , Piecuch Christopher G.
Published: January 2018

Gravitational attraction and loading (GAL) effects associated with ongoing long-term changes in land ice are expected to cause spatially varying trends in absolute sea level ζ, as measured by satellite altimeters. The largest spatial gradients in ζ trends, predicted from solving the sea level equation using GRACE retrievals of mass distribution over land for the period 2005–15, occur near Greenland and West Antarctica, consistent with a strong local land ice loss. Misinterpreting the estimated static GAL trends in ζ as dynamic pressure gradients can lead to substantial errors in large-scale geostrophic transports across the Southern Ocean and the subpolar North Atlantic over the analyzed decade. South of Greenland, where altimeter sea level and hydrography (Argo) data coverage is good, the residual ζ minus steric height trends are similar in magnitude and sign to the gravitationally based predictions. In addition, estimated GAL-related trends are as large—if not larger than—other factors, such as deep steric height, dynamic bottom pressure, and glacial isostatic rebound. Thus, accounting for static GAL effects on ζ records, which are commonly neglected in oceanographic studies, seems important for a quantitative interpretation of the observed ζ trends.
Evaluating the Impact of Improvement in the Horizontal Diffusion Parameterization on Hurricane Prediction in the Operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) Model
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Marks Frank D. , Sippel Jason A. , Rogers Robert F. , Zhang Xuejin , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman G. , Zhang Zhan , Tallapragada Vijay
Published: January 2018

Improving physical parameterizations in forecast models is essential for hurricane prediction. This study documents the upgrade of horizontal diffusion parameterization in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model and evaluates the impact of this upgrade on hurricane forecasts. The horizontal mixing length Lh was modified based on aircraft observations and extensive idealized and real-case numerical experiments. Following an earlier work by the first two authors, who focused on understanding how the horizontal diffusion parameterization worked in HWRF and its dynamical influence on hurricane intensification using idealized simulations, a series of sensitivity experiments was conducted to simulate Hurricane Earl (2010) in which only Lh was varied. Results from the Earl forecasts confirmed the findings from previous theoretical and idealized numerical studies, in that both the simulated maximum intensity and intensity change rate are dependent on Lh. Comparisons between the modeled and observed structure of Hurricane Earl, such as storm size, boundary layer heights, warm-core height and temperature anomaly, and eyewall slope, suggested that the Lh used in the HWRF Model should be decreased. Lowering Lh in HWRF has a positive impact on hurricane prediction based on over 200 retrospective forecasts of 10 Atlantic storms. Biases in both storm intensity and storm size are significantly reduced with the modified Lh.
The Mead–Freeman Controversy Continues: A Reply to Ian Jarvie
Authors: Shankman Paul
Published: January 2018

In the Mead–Freeman controversy, Ian Jarvie has supported much of Derek Freeman’s critique of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa, arguing that Samoan society was sexually repressive rather than sexually permissive, that Mead was “hoaxed” about Samoan sexual conduct, that Mead was an “absolute” cultural determinist, that Samoa was a definitive case refuting Mead’s “absolute” cultural determinism, that Mead’s book changed the direction of cultural anthropology, and that Freeman’s personal conduct during the controversy was thoroughly professional. This article calls into question these empirical and theoretical arguments, often using Freeman’s own field research and publications.
Strategic, Administrative, and Operating Problems: The Impact of Outsiders on Small Firm Performance
Authors: Chrisman James J. , Leslie John
Published: January 2018

This study investigates the relationships between the types of “outsider” consulting assistance provided by the Small Business Development Center and subsequent changes in the performance of its established small business clients. According to the results of this study, established small business clients appear to benefit more from administrative and operating assistance than they do from strategic assistance. However, the findings also suggest that outsider assistance is most useful when it includes comprehensive attention to strategic, administrative, and operating problems.
Achieving Empirical Progress in an Undefined Field
Authors: Vanderwerf Pieter A. , Brush Candida G.
Published: January 2018

Investigators’ practice of sampling from different populations has hindered the progress of empirical entrepreneurship research. Reaching agreement on a narrowed definition of the field would allegedly resolve the problem. However, this paper reports on a survey of emerging empirical fields that Indicates that such fields typically narrow the range of populations they consider, and achieve an acceleration in empirical progress, without a consensus on the definition of the field. The paper therefore investigates how empirical research in entrepreneurship might become constructively focussed through an alternative approach: formalizing the criteria that Investigators use in selecting their samples.
As in Real Estate, Location Is What Matters: A Case Report of Transplant Ureteral Obstruction Due to an Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Bugeja Ann , Clark Edward G. , Sood Manish M. , Ali Sohrab N.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Kidney allograft dysfunction is common and often reversible but can lead to allograft loss if not promptly evaluated. Transplant ureteral obstruction in an inguinal hernia is a rare cause of allograft dysfunction, but early recognition may prevent allograft loss.

Case Presentation:

We present a case of a man with acute kidney allograft dysfunction who received a deceased donor kidney transplant 6 years earlier for end-stage kidney disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease. Abdominal ultrasounds revealed hydronephrosis without full visualization of the transplant ureter. Abdominal computed tomography revealed moderate hydronephrosis of the transplant kidney due to obstructed herniation of the transplant ureter in a right inguinal hernia. A stent was inserted into the transplant ureter to prevent further allograft dysfunction and facilitate hernia repair.

Conclusions:

Transplant ureteral obstruction is a rare cause of acute kidney allograft dysfunction, and its detection can be challenging. The recognition of transplant ureteral obstruction is vital to timely management for preventing allograft loss.
Intersection of Stress and Gender in Association With Transitions in Past Year DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses in the United States
Authors: Verplaetse Terril L. , Moore Kelly E. , Pittman Brian P. , Roberts Walter , Oberleitner Lindsay M. , Smith Philip H. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , McKee Sherry A.
Published: January 2018

Background

Stress contributes to the development and maintenance of substance use disorders, with some research suggesting that the impact of stress on substance use disorders is greater in women. However, this has yet to be evaluated in a national dataset, across major substances of abuse.

Methods

Using data from the newly available U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Wave 3; n = 36,309), we evaluated relationships among past year stressful life events (0 or 1 vs. 2+ events, range 0–16) and gender, and their association with transitions (new vs. absent cases; ongoing vs. remitted cases) in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and nonmedical prescription opioid use disorder diagnoses.

Results

Having two or more stressful life events in the past year increased the odds of having a new alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and opioid use disorder (OR = 3.14, 2.15, 5.52, and 3.06, respectively) or ongoing alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, and cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.39, 2.62, and 2.95, respectively) compared to zero or one stressful life event. A stress by gender interaction for new vs. absent alcohol use disorder demonstrated that having two or more stressful life events was associated with increased odds of new alcohol use disorder in men (OR = 2.51) and even greater odds of new alcohol use disorder in women (OR = 3.94).

Conclusions

Results highlight that stress is a robust factor in both men and women with new or ongoing substance use disorders, and that effective treatments for substance use should consider the role of stress in addiction etiology and maintenance. There was little evidence for gender differences in the role of stress on transitions in substance use disorders, except for the onset of alcohol use disorders. Given that rates of alcohol use disorders are increasing in women, the impact of stress needs to be considered.
Pevonedistat, a first-in-class NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, combined with azacitidine in patients with AML
Authors: Swords Ronan T. , Coutre Steven , Maris Michael B. , Zeidner Joshua F. , Foran James M. , Cruz Jose , Erba Harry P. , Berdeja Jesus G. , Tam Wayne , Vardhanabhuti Saran , Pawlikowska-Dobler Iwona , Faessel Hélène M. , Dash Ajeeta B. , Sedarati Farhad , Dezube Bruce J. , Faller Douglas V. , Savona Michael R.
Published: January 2018

Key Points

RP2D of PEV 20 mg/m2 in PEV/AZA combo did not alter toxicity profile of AZA; dose-limiting toxicities were transiently elevated AST/ALT. In treatment-naive older AML patients, the intent-to-treat ORR was 50%.
Does education raise productivity and wages equally? The moderating role of age and gender
Authors: Kampelmann Stephan , Rycx François , Saks Yves , Tojerow Ilan
Published: January 2018

We estimate the impact of education on productivity, wage costs and productivity-wage gaps (i.e. profits) using Belgian linked panel data. Findings highlight that educational credentials have a stronger impact on productivity than on wage costs. Firms’ profitability is found to rise when lower educated workers are substituted by higher educated ones. This effect is found to be more pronounced among younger workers and women. Findings thus suggest that the productivity to wage cost ratio of low-educated workers is detrimental to their employability, especially when young or female. They also support the existence of a glass ceiling on women’s career development.
Priorities and the Place of Mental Health Services in Times of Financial Restraint
Authors: Townsend David
Published: January 2018

In these remarks I want to concentrate on services for mentally ill people, though many of my comments are relevant to the other two parts of that unhappy triumvirate of neglected services, mental handicap and old age. Though finances appear even more ‘restrained’ now, with the latest expenditure White Paper projecting a real drop of 2 per cent in personal social services spending between 1985 and 1988, we should avoid an excess of political emotion over reason. There has been progress over the last ten years in promoting mental health. What the figures I will quote show, however, is how painfully slow and erratic these developments have been.
Medical Evidence in the Court of Protection
Authors: Macfarlane A. B.
Published: January 2018

The Court of Protection, in carrying out its task of managing and administering the property and affairs of those who are incapable of managing for themselves, normally works by appointing a receiver to stand in the patient's shoes. The application for appointment of a receiver may be made through a firm of solicitors or by personal application to the Court. In either case, it needs to be supported by medical evidence, which is usually given on Form CP3. The Court is always conscious that its jurisdiction only extends to people who are incapable of managing their affairs by reason of mental disorder, so medical evidence there must be. (In rare cases, in an emergency, the Court is empowered to act even before receiving formal medical evidence, provided it has reason to believe that the person in question is suffering from mental disorder, but this power is exercised sparingly and only when its use is essential for the patient's protection.) It is an extreme step to deprive a person of his financial liberty and it must be reserved for cases where it is really necessary.
Training for Community Psychiatry
Authors: Freeman Hugh
Published: January 2018

In 1968 the Royal Commission on Medical Education recommended that ‘every psychiatrist should be familiar with the conduct of community psychiatry’. This seems an uncontroversial piece of advice, but what is ‘the conduct of community psychiatry’? At the time of the Royal Commission, there was certainly no special training at all in anything that could reasonably have been regarded as such.
The Teaching of Cognitive Therapy in Newcastle
Authors: Scott Jan , Barker W. A. , Williams J. Mark G.
Published: January 2018

Cognitive therapy (CT) is now widely recommended as an effective form of psychological treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive and anxiety states. The therapy itself consists of a specific treatment ‘package’ derived from the cognitive theory of psychopathology and seems to have developed because of a growing dissatisfaction with dynamic psychotherapy on the one hand, and a strictly behavioural approach to the patient's difficulties on the other. A further factor has been the unwillingness of some patients to continue for long periods on psychotropic medication and the unwillingness of medical practitioners to prescribe it in patients who have expressed suicidal ideas, or have not previously responded well to medication. The main thrust of the CT is problem orientated, and treatment itself is an active, moderately directive, time-limited, structured approach set in the present in which the patient and therapist work in collaboration to relieve the patient's symptoms.
A Visit to the Home of Lithium
Authors: King J. R.
Published: January 2018

Late one October afternoon in 1984, I left the grey London drizzle behind and took off on a flight bound for Aarhus, major city on the east coast of Jutland, Denmark.

Within twenty minutes the jet, appropriately called a Viking, had climbed above the turbulence of the clouds and was cruising through a serene dimension poised somewhere between the night sky, the sunset, and the purple rainclouds far below. Such a passage from turbulence into even stability is. I reflected, a familiar experience to the hundreds of thousands of people who have now benefited from tithium all over the world. But the introduction and acceptance of lithium therapy have been far from smooth, and would perhaps not have been possible at all were it not for the commitment and persistence of a few dedicated individuals.
Joint Board of What?
Authors: Seager C. P.
Published: January 2018

Occasionally consultants are asked by their nursing colleagues to support an application to attend a Joint Board course. More often than not the response is to throw up one's hands in horror and say ‘Not another management course. Don't nurses do any nursing these days?’ I believe that if doctors knew a little more about the Joint Board and its courses they would press more vigorously for secondment of nurses for this purpose; it must be noted that the numbers of psychiatric nurses who attend is abysmally low. There are relatively few courses available throughout the country, and Areas seem unwilling to accept responsibility for putting on such training programmes. Even those which are available do not always receive adequate support, largely, no doubt, because so many psychiatric hospitals are understaffed and cannot spare nurses to attend.
Annual Meeting, 1978: Preliminary Report
Authors: Walk Alexander
Published: January 2018

As was explained last year, the full Minutes of Annual Meetings are not published in the Bulletin until the following year, generally in the May issue, this having been found most convenient for members who wish to raise any matters arising from these Minutes at the subsequent Meeting. This summary of the proceedings at the Business Meeting on 5 July is based on notes taken at the time. A selection of papers presented on the other days will be published in later issues of the Journal and the Bulletin.
Alan Bentley Monro
Authors: W.W.
Published: January 2018

Dr ‘Ben’ Monro died suddenly on 30 May, aged 68 years. He had been a Lord Chancellor's Medical Visitor since 1973. Previously his career had been in psychiatric hospitals and he became a distinguished Medical Superintendent of Long Grove Hospital, Epsom. He was early to introduce there ‘Industrial Therapy’ and elsewhere to develop a ‘Day Hospital’. Again, when the first Adolescent Unit was transferred from St. Ebba's Hospital to Long Grove he at once took an active personal part in the practice of adolescent psychiatry. His few writings reflected his earlier interest in statistical analysis.
The Role of a Consultant Psychiatrist in a Residential Caring Establishment: a personal view
Authors: Wallbridge D. C.
Published: January 2018

In this paper I have outlined a model for the role of a Consultant Psychiatrist who is appointed for the purpose of providing ‘staff support’ in a Residential Caring Establishment. Some of the issues that arise are stated and discussed. The use of the model I propose leads to some recurrent, identifiable psychosocial phenomena which warrant further study and discussion.
1. Rainford Ward, Rainhill Hospital, Merseyside
Authors: Higgins J.
Published: January 2018

Following discussions with representatives of medical and nursing staff in September 1974, it was decided that each of the four mental hospitals of the Merseyside Region should make interim arrangements pending the construction of a purpose-built Regional Secure Unit. Three hospitals decided to open an Interim Secure Unit, the other to accept the monies offered to increase staffing levels on admission wards.
The Warnock Report: Comments on the Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People—‘Special Educational Needs’. (Summary)
Authors: Gay Martyn J.
Published: January 2018

These comments were drafted by a Working Party from the Child Psychiatry and Mental Deficiency Sections.
Existing Facilities for the Education of the Mentally Handicapped Children in Pakistan
Authors: Mirza L. , Mirza M. R.
Published: January 2018

Pakistan has an area of 310,403 sq miles, consisting of four provinces and its population is over 70 million. Pakistan came into existence as a separate state at the time of Independence and partition of India in 1947. The country faced many crises which threatened its survival and political stability. Therefore, in spite of good intentions, there has been little growth of health, education and welfare services, so vital for developing countries.
A Submerged Site of Therapeutic Endeavour
Authors: Le Gassicke John
Published: January 2018

In the Second World War there was a Royal Naval Unit for the assessment and rehabilitation of personality disorders in a remote part of the Cheviot Hills. The site is now submerged in the Kielder Reservoir.
The Psychology of Nuclear Disarmament: A Case Study
Authors: Holmes Jeremy
Published: January 2018

The psychology and psychiatry of the nuclear arms race have been discussed in three main ways. One approach has looked at the possible psychological consequences for the surviving population of a nuclear war. These studies, which have covered a wide range of catastrophes, including the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, Nazi concentration camps, as well as natural disasters such as floods and cyclones, all point in the same direction. When half or more of a person's social and physical environment are destroyed the effects on the human psyche are devastating. The phrase ‘the survivor syndrome’ has been used to describe the state of psychological shock and disablement which results in those that are left behind by the dead. Its effects outlive the physical sequelae of such disasters and are matched in longevity only by the slowly developing cancers which manifest themselves two or more decades after a thermonuclear explosion. These studies make the scouting-for-boys and cricketing atmosphere evoked by the British Government pamphlet ‘Protect and Survive’, or the recent Civil Defence exercise, Square Leg, seem remote from the likely psychological reality of a post-nuclear attack world.
Records, Retrospects and Researches: A Handful of Hospital Histories
Authors: Walk Alexander
Published: January 2018

While sociologists and sociologically-minded historians cast a baleful eye over the global history of mental treatment in the last two centuries, others—consultants, administrators or psychologists, present or past members of psychiatric hospital staffs—prove willing to devote much toil to the writing of detailed, often scholarly and always affectionate accounts of the origins and development of their own respective institutions, produced either spontaneously or on the occasion of some centenary or even bicentenary celebration. For the most part these appear in brochure form, but in a few instances they reach the dimension of full-size hardbacks. An attempt will be made here to review briefly a number of such publications which have appeared in recent years, including one whose authors have chosen to deal with establishments long-since defunct and forgotten, rather than with their own flourishing one.
A Clinical Attachment in Rehabilitation
Authors: Robinson A. J.
Published: January 2018

Rehabilitation is a subject of topical interest in psychiatry and the Royal College of Psychiatrists has laid down guidelines of practice in its publication Psychiatric Rehabilitation in the 1980s. More detailed advice is given in Wing and Morris's (1981) practical manual for people involved in this work. Morgan and Cheadle (1981) make the point that consultants appointed to posts with a special interest in and responsibility for rehabilitation often have no special knowledge of or experience in the field and have to learn as they go along. This was the case with me when I took up my post in March 1978. Having learnt something from colleagues, from my reading and from my own experience, I thought that I needed to look elsewhere and see at first hand what experts in the sphere were doing. I was granted six weeks' study leave in the Spring of 1981 and arranged to spend five weeks at the Maudsley Hospital and a week at Southampton. I also visited Montrose for the Scottish Division's meeting on rehabilitation.
The Fate of Psychiatry in the New Populism
Authors: Sedgwick Peter
Published: January 2018

It has seemed to me and many others that Britain is now entering a political phase in which the post-war consensus around matters of social welfare is being dissolved in favour of a new set of assumptions which emphasize the individual's recourse to law or to legally-embodied appeal procedures, even at the expense of more collective rights which were previously enshrined (imperfectly, it is true, but still definitely) in State-sponsored welfare provision. As I present it here, the implication is made of a fundamental antagonism, perhaps, and more certainly of a serious and unmistakable competition, between the claims of a legally-inspired and individualistic approach and the aspirations of medicine and psychiatry which are grounded in the availability of collective provisions: collective in a double sense, as being both the product of politically organized popular demand and also the expression of structured interventions by the State and other social agencies aligned with the State. It is this dualism between medicine and law, or at a more rarefied level between an individualism founded on contractual civil relations and a collectivism rooted in the institutions of mass democracy and public spending, which I feel needs most justification in argument, and which clearly lacks such justification in the remarks I shall offer here.
Consultant at Large: The First Year Reviewed
Authors: Hardwick Peter
Published: January 2018

For that first day, just over a year ago, I had had my grey, slightly pinstriped suit dry-cleaned and bought new shirt, shoe laces and after-shave to emphasize a fresh start. As I drove up to the clinic (somewhat early), I weighed up the pros and cons of the job I had accepted: pros—nice part of the country, relaxed life-style, pleasant people; cons—rather professionally isolated, no university, no in-patient unit (or was this one a pro?).
The North-West Division's Year: 1982–2
Authors: Cookson I. B.
Published: January 2018

It has become the custom for our Annual General Meeting to be held at an interesting hospital, with a business meeting and discussions of a special topic in the mornings and, following lunch, the trainees of the Division are invited to present their research. As each year passes one is, yet again, impressed by their projects and their presentation. Currently they emanate almost exclusively from the Manchester trainees scheme. They are considerably influenced by Dr Peter Maguire.
Mental Health Films—Old and New: Notes from the Audio-Visual Sub-Committee
Authors: Pilkington T. L.
Published: January 2018

One of the most valuable sources of psychiatric teaching films for many years has been the BMA/BLAT Film Library, which holds over 800 films on various topics relating to medicine. They may be hired for a £4 handling charge, and new productions are encouraged by the annual BMA film competition. A brief survey of borrowing during the period 1973–82, gives an indication of the use and value of film in the teaching of psychiatry.
The Mental Health Advice Centre in Lewisham
Authors: Brough D. I. , Bouras N. , Watson J. P.
Published: January 2018

Psychiatric disorders in the community are very common and most are dealt with by GPs, only a small proportion reaching psychiatrists (Goldberg and Huxley, 1980; Shepherd et al, 1981). It has been suggested that a large proportion of the psychiatric problems seen by GPs are intimately related to adverse life events and difficulties (Ingham, 1981; Tennant et al, 1981).