bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Sciences in the New Edition of Schedules of Library Bibliographic Classification
Authors: Dudina Svetlana V.
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the reflection in the Schedules of Library Bibliographic Classification (LBC) of new trends and phenomena in the development of biological sciences. Specific features of separation of literature on living organisms between the sections of the LBC Middle Schedules are presented. There is provided the strengthened structure of the main divisions of biological sciences, based on the characteristic attribute — “Organisms”. The principles of scientificity and unity of the Schedules of Library Classification are maintained; the actual directions of research, the new disciplines and scientific phenomena are included. Sections on organisms are arranged on “Simple-to-complex” principle: Viruses — Microorganisms — Plants — Animals — Human. There is presented in detail the separation of biology sections with the allied disciplines. “Biological Sciences” section includes the literature on general laws of development of life, evolution and life-sustaining activity of organisms; and literature on the use of plants and animals in the economy, the methods of cultivation of cultivated plants, and cultivation and maintenance of farm animals are reflected in the sections on agriculture and forestry. The literature on healthy organisms is considered in biology, and the literature on diseases, pathology of organisms — in the corresponding sections of agriculture, forestry and medicine. The structure of separate branch sections of the key row, corresponding to the biological sciences studying separate large taxa of organisms is also as far as possible unified. There is expanded the taxonomy of all living organisms; the Russian names of the major taxa of living organisms are duplicated in Latin. Special attention is paid to the environmental issues and adaptation of living organisms to the effects of environmental factors and conditions.
Sources of Financing the Libraries established with the assistance of the Society for Promotion of Rural Free Libraries-Reading Rooms in the Tomsk Province (1901—1919)
Authors: Timofeeva Yulija V.
Published: April 2018

The article continues a series of author’s publications in the “Bibliotekovedenie” [Library and Information Science] journal, devoted to the fruitful activity of the Society for Promotion of Rural Free Libraries-Reading Rooms in the Tomsk Province. There is illuminated the vital question of the sources of financing, on the solution of which depended opening, acquisition, activity of libraries, the rate of progress of library construction and scale of development of librarianship. The chosen theme is quite relevant, because the wide experience in searching for the sources of financing, accumulated in the pre-revolutionary period, could be useful nowadays.

Sources of financing for the rural libraries in the Tomsk province are identified. It was composed by: private capital and the interest on it (firstly, of P.I. Makushin — Chairman of the Society for promotion, specially established by him for the assistance and support of free libraries in Siberia), reached by 1912 the amount of 36 thousand roubles; the donations of F.F. Pavlenkov, well-known publisher, bequeathed the considerable amount to the opening of peoples libraries, 37 of which were founded jointly with the Society for promotion of rural free libraries-reading rooms in the Tomsk province; contributions to the advantage of the Society of assistance of metropolitan publishers and book sellers, estimated at around 10 thousand roubles; private donations, in particular, of the leaders of national education, local intelligentsia, and peasants of the province; the membership dues, making annually from several tens to several hundred roubles; fund allocations of the volost and village assemblies, provincial and district trusteeships on people’s sobriety, the Ministry of national education, etc.

The system of financing created by P.I. Makushin has allowed achieving serious success in library construction in the Tomsk province, implemented in the opening in its territory in less than two decades of nearly 600 free rural libraries.
Numeracy
Authors: Kus Miranda
Published: April 2018

An analysis of numeracy as a keyword in education.
Propaganda
Authors: Fitzmaurice Katherine
Published: April 2018

An analysis of proganda as a keyword in education
Animal
Authors: Jaeger Cora
Published: April 2018

An analysis of "animal" as a keyword in children's literature.
Adult
Authors: Williams Catherine
Published: April 2018

An analysis of "adult" as a keyword in children's literature.
Adaptation
Authors: Nance Emily
Published: April 2018

An analysis of "adaptation" as a keywords essay
Sexuality
Authors: Matthews Corinne
Published: April 2018

An analysis of "sexuality" as a keyword in children's literature.
Physical performance, time-motion, technical-tactical analyses, and perceptual responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration
Authors: Vidal Andreato Leonardo , Del Conti Esteves João Victor
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to analyze performance, time structure, technical actions, and perceptual responses of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during matches of varied duration. For this, 10 athletes were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Physical tests (reaction time, maximal isometric handgrip strength, grip strength endurance, vertical jump and sit-and-reach) and perceptive scales (exertion and recovery) were applied before and immediately after a combat. The matches were recorded for technicaltactical analysis and to determine their time structure. The main results showed that alterations were observed for the grip strength with kimono (p=.001), whereas a decrease was observed in the suspension time in the 8-min (p=.017) and 10-min (p=.002) combats compared to pre-match mean values. The rating of perceived exertion was influenced by time (p<.001), with higher values reported after combats of 8-min and 10-min duration compared to 2-min combat (p=.008 and p=.001; respectively). The effort:pause ratio did not differ between the times of combats (p=.472), but the pause time differed according to match duration (p=.004), with higher values observed in the 10-min combats than in the 2-min combats (p=.002). Thus, it was concluded that combats of longer duration resulted in higher perceived exertion, higher pause time and lower strength endurance.
Effects of speech passage length on accuracy of predicting metabolic thresholds using the talk test
Authors: Schroeder Megan M. , Porcari John P.
Published: April 2018

The Talk Test (TT) is a simple technique for prescribing exercise training intensity, based on the ability
to ‘speak comfortably’ after reciting a standard speech provoking stimulus. This study compares the length
of the speech provoking stimulus on power output (PO) at standard TT speech comfort markers: last positive
(LP), equivocal (EQ), negative (NEG), in relation to objective markers of exercise intensity, the ventilatory
(VT) and respiratory compensation (RCT) thresholds. Eighteen healthy subjects performed incremental
(25W/2 min) exercise with concomitant gas exchange to measure VT and RCT. They also performed (random
order) incremental exercise without gas exchange while repeating standard speech provoking stimuli of 31,
62 and 93 words to allow identification of the LP, EQ and NEG stages of the TT. The mean (±SD) PO at LP
(139±38, 117±39 and 103±38 W), EQ (164±38, 142±38 and 128±33 W) and NEG (196±42, 189±43, and 174±39
W) stages of the TT were analyzed for 31, 62 and 93 word passages, in relation to the PO at VT (128±43
W) and RCT (175±39W). PO at EQ and PO at NEG stages of the TT with the 93 word speech provoking
stimulus were not significantly different than the PO at VT and PO at RCT, respectively. The mean error for
predicting PO at VT approximated zero with the longer (93 word) speech passage duration for EQ (0.1±37
W) and for predicting the PO at RCT for NEG (0.1±29 W). The results suggest that a longer duration speech
provoking passage optimizes accuracy of the TT estimation of VT and RCT
The effects of verbal and visual feedback on performance and learning freestyle swimming in novice swimmers
Authors: Giannousi Maria , Kioumourtzoglou Efthimis
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of feedback on freestyle learning and performance of novice swimmers. Sixty male (Mage=18.7, SD=1.82) first year students were randomly assigned into four groups: self-modeling, expert-modeling, verbal, and control group. The intervention program lasted for seven weeks. Participants were evaluated in 25m freestyle swimming, with a pool buoy between the legs and breathing every three hands through a pre-test, a post-test and a retention test. The result revealed that self-modeling group was the most effective, in comparison with the other types of feedback, in terms of improvement of the technique in novice swimmers. There were no differences between groups in the speed performance of 25m free style swimming. Overall, the present study provides valuable evidence for the effects of self-modeling on performance in freestyle swimming, and encourages research to further

explore such effects between different types of feedback in real training conditions.
Indonesian Housing Policy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Rassanjani Saddam
Published: April 2018

The main objective of the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia is to bring accelerated development in all aspects so that the poverty rate is expected to decrease even disappear. One of the programs that aimed to reduce poverty rates in Indonesia is the provision of housing for the community, especially the underprivileged. Moreover, it is a the million houses program that proclaimed by the Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing, and this program is correlated with the SDGS, especially goal 11 (sustainable cities and communities). The research is relying on secondary data basis primarily from books, journals, published reports and online news. It is expected that this study is able to provide a new insight for the government in building a community residential area, which is to integrate development plans into three dimensions (social, economic, and environment) which are the pillars of sustainable development. Unfortunately, nowadays the government is relying too hard on achieving quantity and a little focus on quality. Furthermore, an experience on the MDGs edition can be an important lesson for the government in realizing SDGs, especially now that SDGs are in line with the points that contained in the RPJMN. Therefore, if the government is able to maximise this global development agenda, it is not impossible that the million houses program can be one of the leading programs in overcoming the problem of poverty, especially housing shortage in Indonesia.
The Implementation of Minimum Service Standards (MMS) on Public Service for Health Services Sector in Bondowoso, Indonesia
Authors: Kuzairi Untung , Yuswadi Hary , Budihardjo Agus , Patriadi Himawan Bayu
Published: April 2018

One of heatlh policies implemented by the hospital is the minimum service standards (MSS). MSS is a benchmark of hospital service quality in providing services to the public. Talking about health service quality problem, it was found out as the field fact that the achievement of MSS indicator in General Hospital of Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso, Indonesia in 2016 still did not fulfill target of standard hospital service (type B) and  minimum service standard (MSS) of hospital. This fact shows that the quality of health services in general hospital of  dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso is still low. So, this research aims to describe the policy implementation of minimum service standard and to analyze the obstacles in the implementation of MSS policy at general hospital of  dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso. So, this research would discuss the policy implementation of minimum service standards by using Edward III concept as a tool to analyze it. This research employed qualitative research with phenomenological approach. The results showed that the implementation of MSS policy of dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso general hospital still did not run well. This was due to several factors  such as communication, bureaucratic structure, sources, dispositions (attitude) and leadership in sectoral ego control. Sectoral ego can be shaped from educational background of specialist doctors who still adhered seniority and lack of individual role of implementor in building interpersonal communication and conflict management.
The Women Representation Policy and its Effect to Women Political Participation in Jember, Indonesia
Authors: Angin Ria , Yuswadi Hary , Patriadi Himawan Bayu , Gianawati Nur Dyah
Published: April 2018

The journey of the Indonesian government in implementing women representation policy has evolved. In the election of 2004,women representation policies have not mentioned the target of achievement for political parties. The policy only states that political parties are expected to implement gender equality in nominating candidates. Then in the year of  2009 election, the government had changed  the policy clause, and  states the percentage that must be achieved by political parties. However,  in 2004 and 2009 election only a few political parties,  implemented the policy. Yet, the  policy, which is implemented, in the 2014 election has changed. The clause of the policy became more distinct, for it contains sanctions which are applicable to any political parties that are not implementing the policy. The present study yielding that the more distinct the policy, the more likely it would be complied by all participating political parties. The effect of the complying political parties would be the increase of women participation in politics as candidates of legislatives.
La desintegración familiar: impacto en el desarrollo emocional de los niños
Authors: Castillo Costa Sonia María , Merino Armijos Zoila Gladys
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo pretende generar espacios de reflexión en torno a la desintegración familiar y el impacto en el desarrollo emocional de los niños, tiene como  objetivo mejorar la relación y la comunicación padre-hijos/as, los más afectados son los niños al desintegrarse el hogar por diferentes factores, cuando el comportamiento de los niños/as se ve alterado al no existir una orientación que ayude a normalizar el problema. La desintegración familiar provoca problemas psicológicos de orden emocional y afectivo, que afectan su desempeño escolar: baja autoestima, repiten grados académicos, bajo rendimiento, deserción escolar, alteraciones de la conducta social, problemas de aprendizaje y se afecta las relaciones interpersonales dentro y fuera del aula de clase; sin embargo, en estos casos hay riesgos emocionales, no se respetan los derechos de la niñez. Los cambios emocionales de los niños, es síntoma de que algo sucede anormal, porque reflejan a través de actitudes y sentimientos. Concluyéndose que las causas de la desorganización familiar es por prevalecer adicciones por uno de sus padres, por la pobreza extrema y violencia familiar; y, existe una alta coincidencia entre las causas que originan la agresividad y las manifestaciones conductuales, observándose comportamiento impulsivo, baja autoestima y agresividad.
Aplicación de un Spatial Data Warehouse en la gestión de proyectos de vinculación: Caso de Estudio
Authors: Pizarro Vásquez Guillermo Omar , Jurado Vanessa , Coque Shirley
Published: April 2018

La Dirección Técnica de Vinculación con la Sociedad de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Guayaquil, es la encargada de gestionar proyectos de vinculación que proporcionan el acercamiento entre Universidad y Sociedad, en conjunto con las Carreras. El desarrollo de estos proyectos no cuenta con la ayuda de un sistema de información geográfico para establecer los lugares donde se ha intervenido. Para brindar apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el proceso de la gestión de proyectos en sus etapas iniciales, se aplicó un Spatial Data Warehouse y se diseñó e implementó algunos cubos de datos espaciales, siguiendo la metodología HEFESTO, que permitieron la visualización escalar y geográfica de proyectos ejecutados; además, de la identificación de sectores vulnerables para el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos.
Impacto de la realidad aumentada y su aplicación para innovar el proceso de enseñanza primaria
Authors: Duarte Morejon Byron Andrés
Published: April 2018

En el presente trabajo se expone un análisis acerca de cómo con el transcurrir de los últimos años, la Realidad Aumentada (Augmented Reality) RA se ha posicionado como una tecnología que se ha acercado a diferentes entornos de la sociedad, referidos a la publicidad, el mercadeo, los videojuegos y, principalmente, el impacto que ha generado en la educación. Se abordó la descripción de las plataformas de desarrollo, se aplicó el método analítico en el proceso investigativo y se presenta al lector el diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación para smartphone (app) haciendo uso de la tecnología RA y un libro aumentado que instruya y colabore con la app con el objetivo innovar y mejorar el proceso de enseñanza primaria, brindando una herramienta que presenta al usuario: interacción, entretenimiento y motive su aprendizaje. El sistema fue implementado en la Unidad Educativa Mahatma Gandhi de la ciudad de Babahoyo donde se detectó que los alumnos presentan déficit de atención y, como resultado, un bajo nivel de aprendizaje debido a la falta de nuevas formas de aprender y conocer; y pueden mencionarse como evidencias de los resultados obtenidos: el desarrollo de las destrezas y aptitudes cognitivas en los estudiantes, utilización de los dispositivos móviles como herramienta de aprendizaje y novedosas formas de reforzar su conocimiento; todo lo cual impactó en el mejoramiento del rendimiento académico.
Turbulent Flow Modeling Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Youssef Adlouni , El Hassan Mallil
Published: April 2018

This work is concerning the sudy of turbulent flows arround obstacles in High Reynolds number using LB Method.

At first, a detailed study of computationnal LBM method is presented. The D2Q9 model is used for modeling fluid flow in an horizontal channel. The model is validated by a comparaison between analytical and computationnal velocity profile with poiseuille flow.

At second, the scheme is applied for simulation flows arround square cylinder, turbulence modeling is discuted, an algorithm of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) at high Reynolds number is developped and Smagorinsky model is implemented in LB2D code.

In fact the results were well compared with benchmark solution and with published experimental data.
Market Volatility and Momentum: Evidence from Pakistani Stock Exchange
Authors: Khan Anila Rafique , Waqas Muhammad , Hassan Arshad
Published: April 2018

This study explores the relationship between market volatility and momentum profitability. This study indicates that market state volatility has significant power to forecast momentum payoffs, especially in negative market states. The results are the context in the presence of market state and business cycle variables. Market premium is significant and negative. Market volatility is also found negatively influencing momentum profits. Volatility is divided into volatility in the positive market and volatility in the negative market. Both are significantly and negatively influencing momentum profits. Vol+ and Vol- both have negative signs; Vol- is dominant in terms of the magnitudes of the coefficient and the t-statistics. Business cycle effect measured by term and yield is not found significant. Non-linearity has not been observed regarding the term. Results are found robust for market adjusted momentum payoff. The study also explores the impact of market state, volatility and business cycles on the return of loser and winner portfolio. This study reports that returns of the loser portfolios are explained by market component, whereas volatility is found to be insignificant. The macroeconomic variables TERM, TERM2 and YLD show signs of statistical significance. Market factor is significantly and positively influencing winner portfolios. The results indicate that volatile markets forecast low returns on winner stocks. Return dispersion used to measures cross-sectional is also found significant. The study recommends that investors should devise investment and momentum strategies on the basis of the volatility of stocks and the business cycle. The tests of this study show that volatile down markets forecast low momentum payoffs. The time-series predictability of momentum is asymmetric, which arises from loser stocks.
Research Framework for Antecedents to Interpersonal Trust Development from Organizational Perspective
Authors: Memon Muhammad Abdul Basit , Mirani Manzoor Ali , Bashir Shahid
Published: April 2018

The researchers from a number of fields and disciplines have analyzed the role of trust as one of the most significant factors affecting the organizational performance. Trust facilitates and moderates the impact of other variables on employee-performance or organizational behavior; since it builds up the grounds over which the foundation of certain expected outcomes and results can be laid on. Due to increasing importance of trust, there has been a rigorous focus of researchers, academicians and practitioners to identify the antecedents to trust i.e. the factors that increase or decrease the extent of trust in organizational settings. This paper presents a research framework of the antecedents to interpersonal trust development from an organizational perspective, in the light of the existing literature and available empirical evidence to help the researchers, academicians and practitioners to identify the determinants of interpersonal trust development. We believe that the constructs identified in this paper will help the researchers to develop the models of trust building and provide guidelines for meaningful and valuable research in future in the domain of trust development.
The artist through a glass darkly
Authors: Swartz Larsson Karen Inez
Published: April 2018

Review of Anna Laestadius Larsson's Hilma. En roman om gåtan Hilma af Klint (Stockholm, Piratförlaget, 2017).
The history of modern Western esotericism
Authors: Mahlamäki Tiina , Leskelä-Kärki Maarit
Published: April 2018

The study of Western esoteric traditions and practices has been a growing research field since the 1990s. This thematic issue aims at opening this field particularly in the context of Finnish cultural history, although the articles cover also other parts of the long tradition of Western esotericism in the history of Europe.
THE IMPACT OF COMPETENCY ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE
Authors: Utami Elsa Nanda , Mulyaningsih Hendrati Dwi
Published: April 2018

This reasearch is conducted on MSME (Micro Small Medium Enterprises) that are participated in the MSME Syari’ah Mentoring Program by Academition and Practitioners (PUSPA) organized by Bank Indonesia in Bandung. MSME who participated in PUSPA program 2016 is MSME that included in necessity entrepreneur where MSME operated just to fullfil the life necessities. This program aims to improve the competence of entrepreneurship owned by MSME in term of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Increased in the entrepreneurial comptence will have an impact on MSME perfomance both on financial term by the increase in income and non-financial term namely by the increased of the knowledge and skills like simple accounting, managing the production process, how to market the product, and know the procedures for obtaining the venture capital. The purpose of this reasearch was to investigate the influence of the entrepreneurial competence on the MSME performance in PUSPA program 2016.Researcher used quantitative research method. This research use sampling technique on non-probability sampling that is saturated sampling because the members of population less than 30 people and the entire population is a sample. Total sample in this research is 20 respondents. Data collecting in this research is done by distributing questionarries to all respondents that is MSME that pariticaped in PUSPA program 2016. Data were analyzed using simple regression analysis and descriptive-causal analysis.The result showed that entrepreneurial competenec affect the performance of MSME that participated in PUSPA Program 2016. Based on the calculation, coefficent of determination (R2) can be seen the influence of entrepreneurial compentence variable (X) on the performance (Y) is 61.7%. While the remaining 38.3 is influenced by other factors such as mentoring, motivation, and human resources.
A Pastoral Judiciária e o processo de nulidade matrimonial
Authors: Ribeiro Valdinei de Jesus
Published: April 2018

A aplicação e bom êxito da reforma do processo de nulidade matrimonial realizada pelo Papa Francisco depende, em boa medida, da implantação de uma Pastoral Judiciária, razão pela qual é preciso explorar um pouco mais este tema. Parabem compreendê-lo, urge situá-lo no contexto do Sínodo da Família, do qual redundou a Exortação Apostólica Pós-Sinodal Amoris Laetitia. Nela, se faz alusão a um necessário discernimento, conforme a verdade, que não permite uma ruptura ou contraposição entre o processo judicial e a Pastoral Judiciária, razão pela qual esta necessita ser pensada e estruturada em função daquele. Na busca de se criar condições para que este discernimento ocorra, é importante assumir uma atitude de fundo: a de uma Igreja em saída. Por isso, na estruturação desta pastoral, a preocupação será a de levar o serviço até as pessoas e não o inverso. Trata-se de um grande desafio que poderá produzir ótimos frutos caso seja assumido por todos,particularmente por aqueles aos quais foi confiado o cuidado pastoral das comunidades.
Education and Entrepreneurship: Policy Review of South Asian Countries
Authors: Rai Krishna Bahadur
Published: April 2018

In south Asian countries, the education policy makers and educators have been highly focusing to the development of entrepreneurship through the educational interventions. The courses of entrepreneurship development have been endorsed to the schools and universities. But, the domestic enterprises have been declining gradually. The paper aims to present the issues on modern education system and its role in mainstreaming of domestic enterprises in these countries. For looking the connections between these two phenomena, I collected and reviewed the existing policies and practices regarding education system and entrepreneurship development. The study explored that the modern education system have not been supporting to the domestic enterprises in south Asia and the citizens are on the 'middle of the road' of their entrepreneurial practices. The recommendation is that the educational policies and practices should be reviewed and implemented effectively to promote the domestic enterprises; otherwise, those enterprising activities will be declined for forever. The findings of this study have the implications to ensure the educational policies for promoting these enterprises.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-2: 60-68
The Contact Point of Customary Law and Islamic Law (Legal History Perspective)
Authors: Sulistyarini Rachmi , Budiono A. Rachmad , Winarno Bambang , Koeswahyono Imam
Published: April 2018

The period before various legal traditions encounter to Indonesia, the people living in these islands has owned rules that contain the value of values as the original law. The term of original law is also known as the name of "chthonic" law, and is used as the customary law of the community of Indonesia, or the archipelago known at that time. The customary law tradition is very different from other legal traditions; this system has a special character that is very different from the character of other legal traditions. Furthermore, around the seventh century of AD, the influence of religion encounter as well; the first is Hinduism, then the religion of Islam brought by traders from Arabia and India. The term known as custom, with its unwritten form and religious element as the definition proposed by Soepomo (1996), is indeed identical with the term given by experts in the colonial period such as: “Godsdientige Wetten, Volks instelingen En Gebruiken" (Regulation of Religious Ordinance, People's Institution and Customs), "Godsdientige Wetten, Instelingen En Gebruiken (Religious Regulations, Institutions, and Customs), Met Hunne Godsdiensten en Gewoonten Samenhangen de Rechts Regelen" (Rules of law relating to Religion and religion customs habits), in addition there are also called the Islamic Law or Mohameden Law. It shows that at that time Customary Law is equalized as religious law. The point of contact  between the two can also be identified from the theories that develop at that time as in the theory of Receptio in Complexu (Salmon Keyzer and van Den Berg); Receptie Theory (Scouck Hurgronye); Theory of Receptio a Contrario (Ha zairin). The relationship between customary law and Islamic law is widely found in the field of family law that is the issue of marriage law and inheritance law. After Independence, legislation products related to Islamic law include Law no 1 of 1974, Law no 50 of 2009, Law no 21 of 2008 regarding Islamic Banking.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-2: 51-59
Demographic and Socio-economic Factors Affecting Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2018

In Nepal, Antenatal care (ANC) services seeking behavior has improved since the 1990s. More pregnant women are seeking the services now than ever. Still a relatively high percentage does not seek even a onetime ANC care and the percentage of women who seek 4 or more ANC care from a skilled service provider is still low. Research in developing countries shows that various demographic, social and economic factors influence the utilization of ANC services and the number of times the care is sought by pregnant women. This paper examines the likelihood of utilization of ANC services 4 or more times in relation to women’s demographic, social and economic status in Nepal. The 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data set has been utilized by applying bivariate logistics regression analysis technique to examine the effects of these variables in 4 or more ANC use in Nepal. The analysis findings show large variations and gaps in the utilization of ANC care based on demographic, social and economic status of women. Against this finding, the study recommends implementation of appropriate policy and program measures by the government and other agencies to address the existing variations and gaps in ANC services utilization among different sub-groups of women in Nepal. Further research studies focusing on the existing barriers in ANC services utilization need to be conducted in Nepal especially among the women who are disadvantaged and marginalized.  The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies (JODAS)Vol. 24 (1-2), pp. 71-87
Building Dialogue on Prison Health: Improving Access to Harm Reduction in Federal Prisons
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Reece Rai , Ka Hon Chu Sandra
Published: April 2018

Drawing on a qualitative study with former federal prisoners in Ontario and key medical and community professionals from across the country, this commentary aims to build dialogue with the Correctional Service Canada on an essential harm reduction measure in prison, namely, prison needle and syringe programs (PNSPs). Research participants elucidated the main issues and challenges related to the implementation of PNSPs, listing correctional officers and the union that represents them as a central barrier. As the primary front-line workers in the prison setting and the staff with whom prisoners have the most frequent contact, correctional officers play a significant role in the success or failure of these indispensable programs. Yet despite the more than two decades of international evaluations that have demonstrated PNSP effectiveness in improving staff occupational safety, correctional officers and prison services remain resistant.
Carbon Nanotube Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Generating Cylindrical Vector Beams with a Two-Mode Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Cai Yu , Zhang Jiaojiao , Wang Changle , Zhang Lin , Zhang Zuxing
Published: April 2018

We propose and demonstrate a compact all-fiber laser generating cylindrical vector beam (CVB) using carbon nanotubes as the saturable absorber for mode-locking and a two-mode fiber Bragg grating (TM-FBG) as the mode discriminator. Both radially and azimuthally polarized beams with a polarization purity of 90% were obtained by simply adjusting the polarization controllers. The CVB mode-locked fiber laser operates at 1552.9 nm with a 3-dB line width of less than 0.02 nm, generating ns CVB pulses. The all-fiber CVB laser may have potential applications from fundamental research to practical applications, such as particle capture, high-resolution measurement and material processing.
Camera Calibration with Phase-Shifting Wedge Grating Array
Authors: Tao Jiayuan , Wang Yuwei , Cai Bolin , Wang Keyi
Published: April 2018

Planar targets with known features have been widely used for camera calibration in various vision systems. This paper utilizes phase-shifting wedge grating (PWG) arrays as an active calibration target. Features points are encoded into the carrier phase, which can be accurately calculated using the phase-shifting algorithm. The 2π-phase points are roughly extracted with edge detection and then optimized by windowed bicubic fitting with sub-pixel accuracy. Two 2π-phase lines for each PWG are obtained using linear fitting method. The PWG centers that are used as feature points are detected through computing the intersections of 2π-phase lines. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method is accurate and reliable.
Proposing Enhanced Feature Engineering and a Selection Model for Machine Learning Processes
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Fahim , Lee Jeongkyu , Rizvi Syed , Hamada Samir
Published: April 2018

Machine Learning (ML) requires a certain number of features (i.e., attributes) to train the model. One of the main challenges is to determine the right number and the type of such features out of the given dataset’s attributes. It is not uncommon for the ML process to use dataset of available features without computing the predictive value of each. Such an approach makes the process vulnerable to overfit, predictive errors, bias, and poor generalization. Each feature in the dataset has either a unique predictive value, redundant, or irrelevant value. However, the key to better accuracy and fitting for ML is to identify the optimum set (i.e., grouping) of the right feature set with the finest matching of the feature’s value. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the Feature Engineering and Selection (eFES) Optimization process in ML. eFES is built using a unique scheme to regulate error bounds and parallelize the addition and removal of a feature during training. eFES also invents local gain (LG) and global gain (GG) functions using 3D visualizing techniques to assist the feature grouping function (FGF). FGF scores and optimizes the participating feature, so the ML process can evolve into deciding which features to accept or reject for improved generalization of the model. To support the proposed model, this paper presents mathematical models, illustrations, algorithms, and experimental results. Miscellaneous datasets are used to validate the model building process in Python, C#, and R languages. Results show the promising state of eFES as compared to the traditional feature selection process.
Musculoskeletal Model Development of the Elbow Joint with an Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Rahman Munsur , Sharifi Renani Mohsen , Cil Akin , Stylianou Antonis P.
Published: April 2018

A dynamic musculoskeletal model of the elbow joint in which muscle, ligament, and articular surface contact forces are predicted concurrently would be an ideal tool for patient-specific preoperative planning, computer-aided surgery, and rehabilitation. Existing musculoskeletal elbow joint models have limited clinical applicability because of idealizing the elbow as a mechanical hinge joint or ignoring important soft tissue (e.g., cartilage) contributions. The purpose of this study was to develop a subject-specific anatomically correct musculoskeletal elbow joint model and evaluate it based on experimental kinematics and muscle electromyography measurements. The model included three-dimensional bone geometries, a joint constrained by multiple ligament bundles, deformable contacts, and the natural oblique wrapping of ligaments. The musculoskeletal model predicted the bone kinematics reasonably accurately in three different velocity conditions. The model predicted timing and number of muscle excitations, and the normalized muscle forces were also in agreement with the experiment. The model was able to predict important in vivo parameters that are not possible to measure experimentally, such as muscle and ligament forces, and cartilage contact pressure. In addition, the developed musculoskeletal model was computationally efficient for body-level dynamic simulation. The maximum computation time was less than 30 min for our 35 s simulation. As a predictive clinical tool, the potential medical applications for this model and modeling approach are significant.
Use of UAV-Borne Spectrometer for Land Cover Classification
Authors: Natesan Sowmya , Armenakis Costas , Benari Guy , Lee Regina
Published: April 2018

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are being used for low altitude remote sensing for thematic land classification using visible light and multi-spectral sensors. The objective of this work was to investigate the use of UAV equipped with a compact spectrometer for land cover classification. The UAV platform used was a DJI Flamewheel F550 hexacopter equipped with GPS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) navigation sensors, and a Raspberry Pi processor and camera module. The spectrometer used was the FLAME-NIR, a near-infrared spectrometer for hyperspectral measurements. RGB images and spectrometer data were captured simultaneously. As spectrometer data do not provide continuous terrain coverage, the locations of their ground elliptical footprints were determined from the bundle adjustment solution of the captured images. For each of the spectrometer ground ellipses, the land cover signature at the footprint location was determined to enable the characterization, identification, and classification of land cover elements. To attain a continuous land cover classification map, spatial interpolation was carried out from the irregularly distributed labeled spectrometer points. The accuracy of the classification was assessed using spatial intersection with the object-based image classification performed using the RGB images. Results show that in homogeneous land cover, like water, the accuracy of classification is 78% and in mixed classes, like grass, trees and manmade features, the average accuracy is 50%, thus, indicating the contribution of hyperspectral measurements of low altitude UAV-borne spectrometers to improve land cover classification.
Extended Thermodynamics of Rarefied Polyatomic Gases: 15-Field Theory Incorporating Relaxation Processes of Molecular Rotation and Vibration
Authors: Arima Takashi , Ruggeri Tommaso , Sugiyama Masaru
Published: April 2018

After summarizing the present status of Rational Extended Thermodynamics (RET) of gases, which is an endeavor to generalize the Navier–Stokes and Fourier (NSF) theory of viscous heat-conducting fluids, we develop the molecular RET theory of rarefied polyatomic gases with 15 independent fields. The theory is justified, at mesoscopic level, by a generalized Boltzmann equation in which the distribution function depends on two internal variables that take into account the energy exchange among the different molecular modes of a gas, that is, translational, rotational, and vibrational modes. By adopting the generalized Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook (BGK)-type collision term, we derive explicitly the closed system of field equations with the use of the Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP). The NSF theory is derived from the RET theory as a limiting case of small relaxation times via the Maxwellian iteration. The relaxation times introduced in the theory are shown to be related to the shear and bulk viscosities and heat conductivity.
Location-Aware Incentive Mechanism for Traffic Offloading in Heterogeneous Networks: A Stackelberg Game Approach
Authors: Yao Kailing , Luo Yunpeng , Yang Yang , Liu Xin , Zhang Yuli , Yao Changhua
Published: April 2018

This article investigates the traffic offloading problem in the heterogeneous network. The location of small cells is considered as an important factor in two aspects: the amount of resources they share for offloaded macrocell users and the performance enhancement they bring after offloading. A location-aware incentive mechanism is therefore designed to incentivize small cells to serve macrocell users. Instead of taking the amount of resources shared as the basis of the reward division, the performance promotion brought to the macro network is taken. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the superiority of small cell users, the significance of them weighs heavier than macrocell users instead of being treated equally. The offloading problem is formulated as a Stackelberg game where the macro cell base station is the leader and small cells are followers. The Stackelberg equilibrium of the game is proved to be existing and unique. It is also proved to be the optimum of the proposed problem. Simulation and numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Installation, Commissioning and Tests of Four Fast Switching Units of up to 20 kA for the JT-60SA Nuclear Fusion Experiment
Authors: Lampasi Alessandro , Burini Filippo , Taddia Giuseppe , Tenconi Sandro , Matsukawa Makoto , Shimada Katsuhiro , Novello Luca , Jokinen Antti , Zito Pietro
Published: April 2018

The nuclear fusion project JT-60SA is presently under construction in Naka (Japan) as a joint collaboration between Europe and Japan, within the framework of the Broader Approach Agreement. According to such agreement, the various JT-60SA systems are supplied by European and Japanese institutions. In particular, the Italian Agency ENEA was in charge for the procurement of the four Switching Network Units (SNUs) for the JT-60SA Central Solenoid (CS). The main SNU function is to interrupt a DC current up to 20 kA in a short time (less than 1 ms) in order to produce an overvoltage of up to 5 kV, crucial to generate and sustain the fusion plasma. The SNU design, manufacturing and factory test activities have been completed in 2016. After the delivery in Naka, the four SNUs have been installed and successfully commissioned in 2017. After an overview on the main technical characteristics of the SNUs and the key aspects of their design, this paper describes the activities performed on-site, highlighting the results obtained during the final acceptance tests and comparing them with the design simulation and the factory test results.
Assessment of Collective Production of Biomethane from Livestock Waste for Urban Transportation Mobility in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Pasqual Janaina Camile , Bollmann Harry Alberto , Scott Christopher A. , Edwiges Thiago , Baptista Thais Carlini
Published: April 2018

Water, energy, and food are essential elements for human life, but face constant pressure resulting from economic development, climate change, and other global processes. Predictions of rapid economic growth, increasing population, and urbanization in the coming decades point to rapidly increasing demand for all three. In this context, improved management of the interactions among water, energy, and food requires an integrated “nexus” approach. This paper focuses on a specific nexus case: biogas generated from organic waste, a renewable source of energy created in livestock production, which can have water-quality impacts if waste enters water bodies. An innovative model is presented to make biogas and biomethane systems feasible, termed “biogas condominiums” (based on collective action given that small- and medium-scale farms on their own cannot afford the necessary investments). Based on the “farm to fuel” concept, animal waste and manure are converted into electrical and thermal energy, biofuel for transportation, and high-quality biofertilizer. This nexus approach provides multiple economic, environmental, and social benefits in both rural and urban areas, including reduction of ground and surface water pollution, decrease of fossil fuels dependence, and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions, among others. The research finds that biogas condominiums create benefits for the whole biogas supply chain, which includes farmers, agroindustry, input providers, and local communities. The study estimated that biomethane potential in Brazil could substitute the country’s entire diesel and gasoline imports as well as 44% of the total diesel demand. In the United States, biomethane potential can meet 16% of diesel demand and significantly diversify the energy matrix.
Effect of Wall Boundary Layer Thickness on Power Performance of a Recirculation Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Chen Yan-Ming , Wang Chin-Tsan , Yang Yung-Chin
Published: April 2018

Hydrodynamic boundary layer is a significant phenomenon occurring in a flow through a bluff body, and this includes the flow motion and mass transfer. Thus, it could affect the biofilm formation and the mass transfer of substrates in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Therefore, understanding the role of hydrodynamic boundary layer thicknesses in MFCs is truly important. In this study, three hydrodynamic boundary layers of thickness 1.6, 4.1, and 5 cm were applied to the recirculation mode membrane-less MFC to investigate the electricity production performance. The results showed that the thin hydrodynamic boundary could enhance the voltage output of MFC due to the strong shear rate effect. Thus, a maximum voltage of 22 mV was obtained in the MFC with a hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness of 1.6 cm, and this voltage output obtained was 11 times higher than that of MFC with 5 cm hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness. Moreover, the charge transfer resistance of anode decreased with decreasing hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness. The charge transfer resistance of MFC with hydrodynamic boundary layer of thickness 1.6 cm was 39 Ω, which was 0.79 times lesser than that of MFC with 5 cm thickness. These observations would be useful for enhancing the performance of recirculation mode MFCs.