bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Path-Dependency” Effect in Japan-U.S. Trade
Authors: Podoba Z. , Gorshkov V.
Published: November 2021

The paper addresses current issues in Japan-U.S. foreign trade following the signing of the Japan-U.S. Trade Agreement and the Japan-U.S. Agreement on Digital Trade in October 2019. By providing an overview of Japan-U.S. trade relations, analyzing current trends in bilateral foreign trade and outlining basic terms of new bilateral agreements, the authors conclude that “path-dependency” in Japan-U.S. contemporary foreign trade persists and trade relations between the two countries are to a greater extent influenced by the U.S. trade policy which aims to assure a broader access of American companies to Japanese markets – the situation that was typical for bilateral trade relations since the 1980s. “Path-dependency” in Japan-U.S. trade relations, conventionally categorized by the existence of numerous trade contradictions, is pronounced in the unchanged goals, strategy and tactics of foreign trade negotiations. The United States maintains its “attacking” role and dominates in the bilateral trade negotiations, while Japan, despite its enhancing influence in the multilateral trading system and regional trade agreements, is forced to “self-defend” and make concessions to a more dominant partner in order to maintain its automobile exports to the United States at the expense of its national interests in other industries, particularly in the agricultural sector. Thus, new trade agreements are unlikely to cause significant structural changes in Japan-U.S. bilateral trade in the shortterm as the problem of persistent trade deficits remains. In order to break the vicious circle of “path-dependency” Japan is to actively cooperate with the economies of the European Union which have large amounts of trade deficits with the U.S., can serve as a mediator in the U.S. – China trade conflicts, as well with other Asian countries via mega-FTAs which possess potential risks to the United States. Further development of foreign trade cooperation will depend on the initiatives of new governments in both countries.
Sequestering Biomass for Natural, Efficient, and Low-Cost Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide (Version 4)
Authors: Amelse Jeffrey A. , Behrens Paul K.
Published: November 2021

Many corporations and governments aspire to become Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by 2030-2050. Achieving this goal requires understanding where energy is produced and consumed, the magnitude of CO2 generation, and the Carbon Cycle. Many prior proposed solutions focus on reducing future CO2 emissions from continued use of fossil fuels. Examination of these technologies exposes their limitations and shows that none offer a complete solution. For example, bioethanol is shown to be both carbon and energy inefficient. Direct Air Capture technologies are needed to reduce CO2 already in the air. The most natural form of Direct Air Capture involves letting nature do the work of creating biomass via photosynthesis. However, it is necessary to break the Carbon Cycle by permanently sequestering that biomass carbon in “landfills” modified to discourage decomposition to CO2 and methane. Tree leaves and biomass grown on-purpose, such as high yield switchgrass, are proposed as good biomass sources for this purpose. Left unsequestered, leaves decompose with a short Carbon Cycle time constant releasing CO2 back to the atmosphere. While in any given year, leaves represent a small fraction of a tree’s above ground biomass, leaves can represent a substantial fraction of the total biomass generated by a tree when integrated over a tree’s lifetime. Understanding the chemistry of the distinct phases landfills undergo is the key to minimizing or eliminating decomposition. First, the compact cross-linked structure of cellulose and keeping water out will make it difficult for initial depolymerization to release sugars. Air ingress should be minimized to minimize Phase I aerobic decomposition. pH manipulation can discourage acid formation during Phase II. Lignocellulose is low in nutrients needed for anaerobic decomposition. Inhibitors can be added if needed. The goal is to move quickly to the dormant phase where decomposition stops. The cost for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) for growing and sequestering high yield switchgrass is estimated to be lower than CCS for steam reforming of methane hydrogen plants (SRM) and supercritical or combined cycle coal power plants. Thus, sequestration of biomass is a natural, carbon efficient, and low-cost method of Direct Capture. Biomass sequestration can provide CO2 removal on giga tonnes per year scale and can be implemented in the needed timeframe (2030-2050).
From the Atlantic Coast to Lake Tanganyika: Gill-Infecting Flatworms of Freshwater Pellonuline Clupeid Fishes in West and Central Africa, With Description of Eleven New Species and Key to Kapentagyrus (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae)
Authors: Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Hermans Raquel , Artois Tom , Kmentová Nikol
Published: November 2021

Unlike their marine counterparts, tropical freshwater clupeids receive little scientific attention. However, they sustain important fisheries that may be of (inter)national commercial interest. Africa harbours over 20 freshwater clupeid species within Pellonulini. Recent research suggests their most abundant parasites are gill-infecting monogenean flatworms within Kapentagyrus. After inspecting specimens of 12 freshwater clupeids from West and Central Africa, mainly sourced in biodiversity collections, we propose 11 new species of Kapentagyrus which we describe using their haptoral and genital morphology. Because of their high morphological similarity, species delineation relies mostly on morphometrics of anchors and hooks. Specifically, earlier, molecular taxonomic work indicated that the proportion between the length of the anchor roots, and between hook and anchor length, are diagnostic. On average, about one species of Kapentagyrus exists per pellonuline species, although Pellonula leonensis harbours four species and Microthrissa congica two, while Microthrissa moeruensis and Potamothrissa acutirostris share a gill monogenean species. This study more than quadruples the number of known species of Kapentagyrus, also almost quadrupling the number of pellonuline species of which monogeneans are known. Since members of Kapentagyrus are informative about their hosts’ ecology, evolutionary history, and introduction routes, this enables a parasitological perspective on several data-poor African fisheries.
Geochemical Insights From Clinopyroxene Phenocrysts Into the Magma Evolution of an Alkaline Magmatic System From the Sanshui Basin, South China
Authors: Chen Peijia , Fang Nianqiao , Yuan Xiaobo
Published: November 2021

The Sanshui Basin (SSB) is located at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and characterized by a continental rift basin. The bimodal volcanic rocks in SSB record the early Cenozoic magmatic activity in the South China Block, on the magmatic evolution process of bimodal volcanic rocks are poorly understood. Clinopyroxenes in bimodal volcanic rocks in the SSB provide an opportunity to investigate the magma process during magma ascent. We classified nine types of clinopyroxene phenocrysts according to the different compositions and textures types in cogenetic basalt-trachyandesite-comenditic trachyte, the composition of unzoned clinopyroxene have an evolution sequence of diopside- hedenbergite- aegirine with the decrease of Mg#, and the trace element contents of unzoned clinopyroxenes also increase systematically during magma evolution, indicating that the genesis of clinopyroxene dominated by fractional crystallization in a closed magma system; however, the clinopyroxenes with reverse zoning and multiple zoning record the process of magma mixing and recharge indicating an open magma system. Whilst fractional crystallization is the dominated process, magma mixing, recharge, and crystal settling complicate magma evolution. Thermobarometric calculations show that clinopyroxene phenocrysts in bimodal volcanic rocks of SSB are distributed in the whole crust during magma ascent. We have established a magma plumbing system, which provides a new constrain for the complex magmatic evolution history in the SSB by detailed mineral-scale analysis.
Developing the Flow Path For the K-1250-6.9/25 Turbine Unit Using the Optimal Design Methods
Authors: Palkov Ihor , Palkov Sergii , Ishchenko Oleh , Avdieieva Olena
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the main principles that are used to develop the flow paths (FP) of the high-pressure cylinders (HPC), intermediate-pressure cylinders (IPC), and low-pressure cylinders (LPC) for the K-1250-6.9/25 turbine unit. It describes approaches to the numerical experiment when designing flow paths, the advantage of which is lower labor, time and financial costs and higher informativeness compared to the physical experiment on flow paths. When designing the flow paths of high- and intermediate-pressure cylinders (HIPC), the numerical experiment is performed using the three-dimensional viscous-flow method. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model of the blade system in the flow path is built, which consists of a large number of finite volumes (elements) in the shape of hexagons, in each of which the integration of the equations of gas dynamics is performed. When developing LPC, the method of parameterization and analytical profiling of the blade crown sections is used, where the profiles are described by the curves of the fourth and fifth orders with the condition of providing the minimum value of the maximum curvature and monotonicity of variation of the three-dimensional blade geometry along height. This method allows obtaining the optimal profiles of the cross sections of the blades, which correspond to the current flow lines to the fullest extent, and minimizing the profile energy losses when the flow flows around the blades.
Analysis of Two-Stage Fuel Combustion in Multi-Fuel Boilers
Authors: Dyahiliev Vadym , Yefimov Olexander , Kavertsev Valerii , Harkusha Tetyana , Chernysh Bogdan
Published: November 2021

The significant growth of industry in the second half of the 20th century led to a number of problems, one of the most important problems is the protection of the environment from pollution. The main source of air pollution is heat and power generating plants, which are based on combustion processes. The largest pollutant is thermal power plants, which burn a large volume of fossil fuel and form a corresponding amount of toxic substances, in particular nitrogen and sulfur oxides. In this paper, combustion processes with various burner devices will be considered and two fuels – natural gas, fuel oil. One of the most important tasks operation of power equipment is the development and widespread use of effective methods to reduce the formation of harmful substances and determining the optimal modes of fuel combustion, ensuring a minimum level of emissions of toxic combustion products. Two-stage fuel combustion is an effective method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. In two-stage combustion, one fuel burnout zone is replaced by several zones, as isolated as possible. The paper will compare several options for the implementation of two-stage combustion in the boiler. The influence of boiler load on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases is analyzed. Also at two-stage combustion of fuel oil in gas-oil boilers reliability of screen surfaces of heating as a result of decrease in the maximum falling heat streams on a screen surface of heating of a copper increased.
Heat Exchange in Staggered Threaded Pipe Banks with Similar Developed Surface Patterns under Natural Draft Conditions
Authors: Baranyuk Alexandr , Rachinskiy Artur
Published: November 2021

Helical pipes with similar developed surface patterns efficiently operate under forced convection conditions. The available literature describes their essential advantages over the tubes of a round-ribbed profile and the possibility of their application as a heat-exchanging section for the air-cooling unit. However, the peculiarities of the operation of such units require checking an opportunity for the use of helical pipes with similar developed surface patterns under natural draft conditions. The purpose of the research is to get new data on the flow structure in the intertube space of the staggered banks of such pipes under natural draft conditions. These data are required for the in-depth analysis of the appropriateness of the use of such pipes for “dry” air cooling systems. The methods of investigation included the use of the academic licensed software package ANSYS Student for numerical computations. It was established that the heat exchange in ribbed pipes under natural draft conditions is specified first of all by the parameters of the staggered bank (longitudinal and transversal pitches of the arrangement of pipes in the bank) and the geometric parameters of the pipes, in particular the pitch between the humps and the dents on the tube surface that form its helical surface. Design ratios were suggested for the determination of the averaged heat exchange in the staggered banks of the single-thread helical pipes with similar developed surface patterns. It was shown that the pitch characteristics of the banks have the greatest effect on the similarity equation. A preliminary validation was carried out for the methods adopted for the design of helical pipes and the known methods used for the computation of the staggered banks of smooth cylindrical pipes. The obtained research data can be used for the evaluation of the intensification of the heat exchange and for the flow analysis in order to increase the efficiency of the heat-exchange equipment.
Development of the policy of control over unrecorded alcohol in Russia in the period after 1991
Authors: Gil A. U. , Khalfin R. A.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. Unrecorded alcohol in Russia includes a variety of sources of cheap, often highly concentrated, ethanol, the use of which is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and death. Since 1991, various changes in the policy of control of unrecorded alcohol in Russia have been made, which became the subject of the analysis of this work.

Methods. The paper provides a narrative review and analysis of the regulation of unrecorded alcohol in Russia in the period from 1991 to 2021. The sources of information on legislative regulation were the ConsultantPlus and Garant electronic legal reference systems, published key scientific papers and reports of international organizations on the topic of alcohol regulation, and our own analysis of alcohol policy.

Results. During the study period, there was a large-scale restructuring of the regulation of the sphere of alcohol, including unrecorded alcohol, in Russia in the conditions of a new market economy. After the abolition of the Soviet alcohol monopoly and the regulatory pause of the first half of the 1990s, since 1995, the new legislative framework has been developed aimed at strengthening state control over the production and distribution of alcohol. In subsequent years, increased control over unrecorded alcohol by improving federal law No. 171-FZ, tougher sanctions for acts in the field of illegal production and distribution of alcohol through the improvement of the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the introduction of minimum prices for alcoholic beverages, have been made. An electronic system for monitoring the volumes of produced and sold alcoholic beverages was introduced, the Federal Service for the Regulation of the Alcohol Market was established, and bans were introduced on the sale of alcohol-containing products with a low unit cost of ethanol.

Conclusions. Overall, the policy on the control of unrecorded alcohol in Russia in the period after 1991 from the standpoint of public health can be characterized as positive and in line with international standards. However, it is necessary to strengthen control over the implementation of the already existing alcohol control policy measures, as well as to develop and implement new measures aimed at controlling unrecorded medicinal/pharmaceutical alcohol, medicinal alcohol-containing products, illegal alcoholic beverages and non-beverage products used as alcohol surrogates.
Epidemiological Patterns and Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 Cases in DKI Jakarta (March–December 2020)
Authors: Das Rajesh Kumar , Sudaryo Mondastri Korib
Published: November 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In Indonesia, the first two cases were reported on March 2, 2020; the first major response to block transmission of the virus was the declaration of large-scale social restrictions (LSSR) or Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). This study aimed to identify the epidemiology patterns and spatial distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic in five municipalities of DKI Jakarta. The research design comprised an ecological and case-series study uncovering the epidemiological trends and distribution of COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta based on secondary surveillance data. The results from the data analyzed between March-December 2020 showed an increasing epidemiological trend due to COVID-19, and Central Jakarta was the municipality most affected due to pandemic during this period. The implementation of the first PSBB in DKI Jakarta reduced the average number of daily cases during the first month, although the decrease was not statistically significant. There was a spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 with the neighboring urban villages. There were fifteen COVID-19 hotspots all over DKI Jakarta based on the data analyzed in December 2020.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 among Residents of Pesantren
Authors: Herdayati Milla , Besral Besral , Karniastuti Juliana
Published: November 2021

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) have a risk of COVID-19 transmission. The pesantren learning system is generally carried out collectively and the interaction between teachers and students is almost 24 hours. This community service aims to empower pesantren in efforts to prevent and control COVID-19 so that they become a safe learning place from the spread of COVID-19. The design of this study was a case study on the empowerment of pesantren in the prevention and control of COVID-19.  Study located at a traditional Islamic boarding school (salafiah) in Lebak Regency, Banten. The target of the study consists of pesantren leader, teachers (ustadz/ustadzah) and students (97 people), and community service partners consist of the sub-district Public Health Center and the sub district COVID-19 Task Force. The results of this study showed that controlling COVID-19 in pesantren requires the commitment of pesantren leaders through the establishment of pesantren COVID-19 task force and requires partnerships with relevant stakeholders. Health literacy needs to be improved especially the implementation of health protocols and information on clean and healthy living behavior. There were obstacles in handling COVID-19, especially: social distancing, infrastructure, and funding. This study recommended that the empowerment of pesantren residents (teachers and students) related to health literacy, and it is necessary to make people aware that COVID-19 is everyone's responsibility. The Government should pay serious attention to pesantren as boarding educational institutions where interaction between students is almost 24 hours, to prevent pesantren from becoming clusters of the spread of COVID-19.
Evaluating the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses
Authors: Susanna Dewi
Published: November 2021

Not available.
Geographic Accessibility towards Primary Health Care in Karawang District
Authors: Ramadina Nabila , Ardisasmita Mulya Nurmansyah , Sujatmiko Budi
Published: November 2021

Health accessibility refers to the availability of health care services accessible to the community as required. However, the convenience of accessing such services vary throughout regions due to geography. Hence differences in geographic accessibility can be an obstacle to accessing health care. This study characterized the influence of geographic accessibility on primary health care (PHC) in Karawang District. A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2019 in five sub-districts of Karawang District. Respondents were interviewed using questionnaires to collect geographic (mileage and travel time from respondents’ house to nearest PHC) and transportation (mode of transportation and transportation cost) data. In total, the study involved 513 randomly selected households, of which 11% had far to travel to the PHC, 22% had a long traveling time, and 23% had expensive transportation costs, with motorcycles being the most common means of transport. Therefore, PHCs in several sub-districts in Karawang District are less accessible due to geographic barriers.
Factors Shaping Uptake of Antenatal Care in Surabaya Municipality, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jones Lisa , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Wiseman Nicola , Harris Neil
Published: November 2021

Five focus group discussions (FGDs) with 61 pregnant women were conducted in June and July 2019 at primary health care (PHC) services within five urban areas of Surabaya, Indonesia. In addition, five semi-structured interviews with five midwives were carried out to explore the experiences of pregnant women accessing Antenatal Care (ANC) and the factors shaping uptake of ANC services. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from focus group discussions suggested that fears of negative diagnosis before initial ANC appointment and personal beliefs and myths surrounding pregnancy may delay uptake of ANC. Further, the influence of husbands, family, and friends and long waiting times with overcrowding leading to limited seating shaped timely access and return visits. In addition, feeling comfortable with the quality of the service and receiving a friendly service from the practitioners assisted women in feeling comfortable to return. Finally, midwives acknowledged feeling afraid of being referred to a hospital if deemed a high-risk pregnancy-shaped return ANC visits. The findings highlighted several factors needing to be addressed to increase the promptness of first ANC visits and ensure return visits to achieve great ANC coverage.
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Behavior in Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) as a Natural Contraceptive
Authors: Mufdlilah Mufdlilah , Johan Reza Bintangdari , Ningsih Sri Ratna
Published: November 2021

The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a natural contraceptive that is highly effective after the three essential criteria are fulfilled. However, there is a significantly low adoption resulting from poor knowledge and correct practices. This study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers on breastfeeding as a natural contraceptive. This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 89 breastfeeding mothers and was performed from January to March 2018. Furthermore, data were collected using a questionnaire, and the results showed knowledge of breastfeeding mothers to be good (59.6%) and not good (51.7%). However, the individual’s behavior towards the implementation of LAM was not good (48.3%) and good (40.4%). Based on the statistical test, there was a correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers, with a p-value of 0.006 (OR = 3.463; 95% CI = 1.411 – 8.498). In brief, knowledge of LAM amongst the participants is good, despite the poor application in terms of behavior. Also, a relationship was also established between the knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers as a natural contraceptive.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Personnel in Responding to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Indonesia
Authors: Suryani Dyah , Suyitno Suyitno , Maretalinia Maretalinia , Juliansyah Elvi , Saki Vernonia Yora , Tantrakarnapa Kraichat
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak, which originated in China, has spread to all countries worldwide, including Indonesia. Until July 2021, the growth rate has been gradually increasing, and cases have been found in all 34 provinces of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health personnel in public health centers towards the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia using online self-report questionnaires. A total of 440 respondents contributed to this online survey. The level of average KAP were 7.7 out of 10.0, 14.3 out of 15.0, and 31.9 out of 36.0, respectively. There was no significant association between respondents’ characteristics (sex, marital status, and age) and their KAP, which showed p > 0.05 for all variables. It can be concluded that the level of KAP was good even though the respondents’ characteristics had no association with KAP.
From Hair to Heart: Hair-Follicle-Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells Can Simultaneously Differentiate Into Mature Cardiomyocytes and Atrial Myocytes
Authors: Yamane Michiko , Takaoka Nanako , Obara Koya , Shirai Kyoumi , Aki Ryoichi , Hamada Yuko , Arakawa Nobuko , Tanaka Manabu , Hoffman Robert M. , Amoh Yasuyuki
Published: November 2021

Hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells express nestin, and are located in the bulge area of hair follicles and can differentiate to numerous types of cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that rat HAP stem cells simultaneously differentiated to mature cardiomyocytes and atrial myocytes. The addition of isoproterenol, activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP 4), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and cyclosporin A (CSA), induced simultaneously differentiation of HAP stem cells to c-kit-positive cardiomyocytes and MLC-2a-expressing atrial myocytes. The results of the present study suggest that HAP stem cells differentiating to cardiomyocytes and atrial myocytes have future clinical potential for heart regeneration.
The gut microbiota confers the glucose-and lipid-lowering effect of Laurolitsine in db/db mice
Authors: Wang Rui-qi , Zhang Fang , Yang Ya-nan , Tan Yin-feng , Zhang Yong , Dong Lin , Ma Ning , Lu Wei-ying , Wu Chong-ming , Zhang Xiao-po
Published: November 2021

Background

Modulations on gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their active components are emerging as potential therapeutic agents on diabetes. Litsea glutinosa is a TCM used in clinic to treat diabetes with alkaloids as the active constituents, and the Laurolitsine is the richest one.
Purpose

Based on that, this study was designed to identify the potential capability of Laurolitsine on alleviating Type 2 diabetes and the changes of the composition of intestinal flora related to this disease.
Methods

In present study, Laurolitsine was administered to diabetic mice (db/db) by daily oral gavage at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. The body weight, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT), lipid metabolism of serum and liver and liver function were measured to assess the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Laurolitsine. The liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining. Meanwhile, the effects of Laurolitsine on the changes of the composition of gut microbiota in mice were investigated via metagenomic analysis.
Results

Experimental results show that different doses of Laurolitsine have varying degrees of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Among them, the treatment effect of 200mg·Kg-1 is the most obvious. In addition, Laurolitsine changes the structure of intestinal microflora significantly at various taxonomical levels in the diabetic db/db mice.
Conclusions

These results demonstrate that Laurolitsine may regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and improve diabetes through modulating intestinal microflora of Parabacteroides and Mucispirillum, which may be acknowledged as the iconic bacteria of diabetes.
High Frequency Mutant Genes in Urothelial Carcinoma Based On Genomic Landscape
Authors: Hao Haifeng , Zhang Yunmeng , Zheng Yue , Yan Xiaoting , wei Liang , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe new generation of sequencing technology has been applied to the study of genomic genetic characteristics of urothelial carcinoma for 20 years. Researchers at home and abroad have done a lot of research work. Analyzing and summarizing the research results, we can clarify the genes with high-frequency mutations, which is of great significance for the screening of biomarkers and molecular targets of urothelial carcinoma.Method We will adopt the PICOS analysis method of evidence-based medicine; follow the principles of systematic evaluation and meta-analysis; formulate literature retrieval keywords and retrieval strategies; determine the inclusion criteria; and statistically analyze the name, mutation frequency, quantity, and the total number of times in repeated reports of significant mutant genes in the genomic landscape.Results A total of 6254 cases of urothelial carcinoma were sequenced in the 27 theses selected. Sequencing methods include whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and target exome sequencing. 27 genomic landscapes of urothelial carcinoma showed that the number of significant mutant genes was 5-58, with an average of 26 reported in each paper. There were 273 genes with significant mutations in urothelial carcinoma, 65.57% (179 / 273) of which were reported only once and 34.43% (94 / 273) were reported more than twice. The top 7 genes most frequently reported were TP53, PIK3CA, FGFR3, KDM6A, ARID1A , RB1 and STAG2.Conclusion There were 273 genes with significant mutations in the genome of urothelial carcinoma, and biomarkers may be selected from 94 genes with high-frequency of mutations.
The Effect of Expanded Access to Mental Health Care on Economic Status of Households with a Person with a Mental Disorder in Rural Ethiopia: A Controlled Before-After Study
Authors: Hailemichael Yohannes , Hailemariam Damen , Tirfessa Kebede , Docrat Sumaiyah , Alem Atalay , Medhin Girmay , Fekadu Abebaw , Lund Crick , Chisholm Dan , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPoverty and mental illness are strongly associated. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic impact of implementing a district level integrated mental healthcare plan for people with severe mental disorders (SMD) and depression compared to secular trends in the general population in a rural Ethiopian setting.MethodsA community-based, controlled before-after study design was used to assess changes in household economic status and catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) payments in relation to expanded access to mental health care. Two household samples were recruited, each with a community control group: (1) SMD sub-study and (2) depression sub-study. In the SMD sub-study, 290 households containing a member with SMD and 289 comparison households without a person with SMD participated. In the depression sub-study, 129 households with a person with depression and 129 comparison households. The case and comparison cohorts were followed up over 12 months. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses were conducted. ResultsProvision of mental healthcare in the district was associated with a greater increase in income (Birr 919.53, 95% CI: 34.49, 4573.56) but no significant changes in consumption expenditure (Birr 176.25, 95% CI: -1338.19, 1690.70) in households of people with SMD compared to secular trends in comparison households. In households of people with depression, there was no significant change in income (Birr 227.78, 95% CI: -1361.21, 1816.79) or consumption expenditure (Birr -81.20, 95% CI: -2572.57, 2410.15). The proportion of households incurring catastrophic OOP payments at the ≥10% and ≥40% thresholds were significantly reduced after the intervention in the SMD (from 20.3% to 9.0%, p=0.002, and 31.9% to 14.9%, p< 0.001) and in the depression intervention (from 19.6% to 5.3%, p=0.003, and 25.2% to 11.8%, p= 0.015). Nonetheless, households of persons with SMD or depression remained impoverished relative to comparison groups at follow-up. Households of people with SMD and depression were significantly less likely to be enrolled in community-based health insurance (CBHI) than comparison households. ConclusionsOur findings support global initiatives to scale up mental healthcare as part of universal health coverage initiatives, alongside interventions to support social inclusion and targeted financial protection for vulnerable households.
Updated norms of the MOS-SF36 in the young French population
Authors: Trognon Arthur , Tinti Emilie , Beaupain Blandine , Donadieu Jean , Musiol Michel
Published: November 2021

Background

The SF-36 is a generic quality of life questionnaire, massively translated and widely used to obtain physical and mental health status. However, validation work in the French language was carried out over a generation ago. The objective of this study was to obtain the norms of the SF-36 in the French young population.
Method

The sample consisted of 1134 non-pre-screened French people aged between 18 and 39 years.
Results

The internal consistencies of the scales were high and the metrics associated with the factor structure were satisfactory. In general, women presented significantly higher scores than men.
Conclusion

Our results suggest that the SF-36 remains a reliable tool for studying quality of life in the young French population.
Nanostrucutured MnO2-TiN Nanotube Arrays for Advanced Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Ren Peng , Chen Chao , Yang Xiuchun
Published: November 2021

Supercapacitor is an emerging and essential energy storage device to supply energy for human activities. Optimizing electrode materials is necessary for the development of high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we synthesize different nanostructured MnO2-TiN nanotube arrays electrode materials and discuss their electrochemical performance. The synergistic effects of TiN with high conductivity and MnO2 with high capacitance can extremely enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode material. The specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanosheets-TiN nanotube arrays can reach to 689.88 F•g−1 with good magnification capacity and electron/ion transport properties. Its internal resistance and the charge transfer resistance are low as 1.183 Ω and 52.23 Ω, respectively, indicating the excellent electronic conductivity and electron diffusion. In terms of charging-discharging cycle stability, the specific capacitance retention rates are 97.2% and 82.4 % of initial capacitance after 100 and 500 cycles, respectively.
Anti-pulling Force and Displacement Deformation Analysis of the Anchor Pulling System of the New Debris Flow Grille Dam
Authors: WANG Yongsheng , LV Baohong , Liu Jianshe , Zhang Xiaobin
Published: November 2021

To avoid waste from a large section space structure layout and deep burial to improve the structural strength and stability, anchor technology is introduced, and combined with the advantages of the supporting wall, a new debris flow grille dam is proposed. Starting from the force process and damage mechanism of the new debris flow grille dam, the computation formula for the anti-pulling force and the total displacement is given. The anti-pulling force includes the sidewall frictional resistance of the anchor pier and the positive pressure of the front end face of the anchor pier. The total displacement includes three parts: the elastic deformation of the cable, the relative shear displacement between the anchor pier and the surrounding soil, and the compression deformation of the soil at the front of the anchor pier. Finally, the influence of soil parameters and anchor pier size on the anti-pulling force and displacement deformation of the anchor-pulling system is analyzed by examples, and the results are compared with the numerical results. The results show that the displacement deformation decreases gradually with increasing elastic modulus of the soil around the anchor pier and increases with increasing Poisson's ratio. The change in elastic modulus mainly affects the relative shear displacement of the anchor pier and soil and the compressive deformation of the soil at the front end of the anchor pier. Poisson's ratio has the greatest influence on the relative shear displacement of the anchor pier and soil. A larger anchor pier is not better; thus, it is wise to choose the economic design dimension. Theoretical and numerical simulation results are consistent, showing a linear growth trend. The results of this paper can further improve the theoretical calculation method of the new debris flow grille dam, thus making it widely used in more debris flow control projects.
Peripartum traditional medicine use and surgical site infections: A prospective cohort of women delivering via cesarean section in rural Rwanda
Authors: Bikorimana Laban , Oryono Andrew , Miranda Elizabeth , Niyigena Anne , Alayande Barnabas , Niyonkuru Mathieu , Goodman Andreas S. , Kateera Fredrick , Riviello Robert , Hakizimana Sadoscar , Boatin Adeline , Mazimpaka Christian , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany
Published: November 2021

Background Traditional medicine is commonly used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Little is known about the use of traditional medicine among women undergoing cesarean section (c-section) and the association to surgical site infections (SSIs) in LMICs. In this study, we describe peripartum use of traditional medicines and the risk of SSIs among women delivering via c-section in rural Rwanda.Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled women who underwent c-section at Kirehe District Hospital in rural Rwanda between September 2019 and February 2020. We collected self-reported data regarding traditional medicine use before and during pregnancy and after discharge up to postoperative day (POD) 11. On POD 11 (+/- 3 days), the women returned to the hospital for a study follow-up visit. We used Fisher’s exact test to assess the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and traditional medicine use, and logistic regression to determine the association between traditional medicine use and SSI development while controlling for confounders. Results Of the 841 women enrolled in this study, 45 (5.4%) reported using traditional medicine to get pregnant. Nearly 39% used traditional medicine during pregnancy; the majority (96.9%) for a pregnancy-related reason. Only four women (0.5%) reported traditional medicine use between c-section and the POD 11 study visit. Of the 775 women who responded at all time-points, 341 (44.0%) reported using traditional medicine at some point during pregnancy or c-section recovery. No demographic characteristics were significantly associated with traditional medicine use (p>0.05), except for smoking (p=0.048) and alcohol consumption (p=0.010). Both traditional medicine use during pregnancy (p=0.04, aOR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.85) and at any time point (p=0.04, aOR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.83) were associated with development of SSI.Conclusions Traditional medicine use among c-section patients was high in the peripartum period, particularly during pregnancy, and was significantly associated with SSI. Knowing patterns of traditional medicine use during the peripartum period can help providers collaborate with traditional healers and give appropriate, culturally-sensitive pregnancy and postoperative care and counseling to patients.
Kinetic Modeling and Process Analysis for Photo-Production of β-Carotene in Dunaliella Salina
Authors: Xi Yimei , Zhang Jiali , Kong Fantao , Che Jian , Chi Zhanyou
Published: November 2021

Dunaliella salina is a green alga with the great potential to generate natural β-carotene. However, the corresponding mathematical models to guide optimized production of β-carotene in Dunaliella salina is not yet available. In this study, dynamic models were proposed to simulate effects of environmental factors on cell growth and β-carotene production in D. salina using online monitoring system. Moreover, the identification model of the parameter variables was established, and an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on parameter sensitivity analysis was constructed to solve the premature problem of particle swarm algorithm. The proposed kinetic model is characterized by high accuracy and predictability through experimental verification, which indicates its competence for future process design, control and optimization. Based on the model established in this study, the optimal environment factors for both β-carotene production and microalgae growth were identified. The approaches created are potentially useful for microalgae cultivation and high-value compounds production.
Anti-RA33 antibodies are present in a subset of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Cappelli Laura , III Clifton O. Bingham , Forde Patrick M. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Brahmer Julie , Lipson Evan J. , Mammen Jennifer S. , Schollenberger Megan , Shah Ami A. , Darrah Erika
Published: November 2021

Background

Patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for cancer are typically seronegative for anti-CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factor, but little is known about the presence of other autoantibodies described in early inflammatory arthritis in this patient population. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of anti-RA33 antibodies in patients with ICI-induced IA.
Methods

Anti-RA33 ELISAs were performed on sera from four groups of patients: 79 with ICI-induced IA, 52 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 35 treated with ICIs without IA during follow-up, and 50 healthy controls. Anti-RA33 positivity and titer, clinical and demographic data were compared across groups.
Results

Anti-RA33 antibodies were found in 9/79 (11.4%) patients with ICI-induced IA but in 0/35 patients treated with ICIs who did not develop IA (0%; p=0.04). Of the 9 patients positive for anti-RA33, two had sera available from before ICI treatment; anti-RA33 antibodies were present in both pre-ICI treatment. In RA patients, 7.7% were positive for anti-RA33 antibodies as were 2% of healthy controls. In ICI-induced IA, anti-RA33 antibodies were associated with anti-CCP antibodies (p=0.001). We found no statistically significant differences in other clinical characteristics in those with and without anti-RA33 antibodies, but we observed trends toward anti-RA33 antibodies being more common in women and those receiving prior radiation therapy.
Conclusions

Anti-RA33 antibodies are present in a subset of patients with ICI-induced IA and may be a biomarker for developing IA. Additional studies evaluating serial samples before and after ICI treatment will further establish the temporal relationship of these antibodies to IA development.
How urban forest can support Protected Areas connectivity?
Authors: Ribeiro Marina Pannunzio , de Mello Kaline , Valente Roberta Averna
Published: November 2021

The highly modified urban matrix becomes an inhospitable environment for many species because the natural vegetation fragments are highly fragmented and often isolated in the landscape. Protected Areas (PAs) located closer or within urban areas may not achieve their goal of protecting local or regional biodiversity. Thus, the proposition of ecological corridors aims to connect the PAs, providing the dispersion of species in anthropogenic landscapes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the PAs connectivity in an urban landscape and understand if urban forest fragments can support their connectivity, generating important information for biodiversity conservation and urban planning. For this, we used models based on Graph Theory to assess the functional connectivity among PAs. The focal species used were Atlantic Forest birds. We used the participatory technique to assess their dispersal capabilities, and this information was used to create a resistance surface map. The focal species movement in the landscape was modeled through Graph Theory. This model evaluated the functional connectivity and extracted the least-cost paths between PAs and other forest fragments that designed the urban ecological network. We identified that few PAs are connected in the urban landscape of Sorocaba city and its surroundings and 28 forest fragments that are important to support the connectivity among PAs. Among these, only four fragments are located within a PA. The other 24 forest fragments located outside PAs should be the center of attention for forest conservation and restoration actions, as they can improve the connectivity between the PAs. Our results show that PAs connectivity in urban landscapes depends on incentives for native vegetation conservation on private lands once most of the important forest fragments for the PAs connectivity are located in these areas. In addition, the restoration of riparian zones is important because they compose a great ecological corridor in the urban landscape. Strategies that increase the permeability of the matrix (e.g., increasing green spaces and gardens) and restoring target fragments are also important. Finally, land-use planning, focusing on natural ecosystem conservation and combating urban sprawl, is necessary to promote PAs connectivity in urban landscapes.
Age-Specific Trend and Birth Cohort Effect on Different Histologic Types of Uterine Corpus Cancers
Authors: Tai Yi-Jou , Chiang Chun-Ju , Chiang Ying-Cheng , Wu Chia-Ying , Lee Wen-Chung , Cheng Wen-Fang
Published: November 2021

To evaluate the uterine corpus cancer incidence rates, age-specific trends and birth cohort patterns by different histologic types. From the Taiwan Cancer Registry, we identified women with a primary diagnosis of uterine corpus cancer (n=28 769) from1998 to 2017. We analyzed the incidences, stages of disease at diagnosis and prognostic factors in endometrioid and non-endometrioid carcinoma. During the study period, uterine corpus cancer incidence rates increased over time from 5.3 to 15.21 per 100 000 woman-years. Incidence trends for endometrioid carcinoma increased in all age groups and the rise was steeper in women age 40 years and younger. For non-endometrioid carcinomas, incidence rates increased in women over 50 years. Women diagnosed after 2013 had significantly better cancer-specific survival (CSS) (hazard ratio [HR] =0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.89) compared with those at the period of 2009-2012. CSS also improved in stage I (HR=0.81, 95% CI 0.49-0.63) and stage III (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.58-0.72) endometrioid carcinomas after 2013. Whereas CSS remained unchanged for non-endometrioid carcinomas. We found the incidences of both endometrioid and non-endometrioid carcinomas continued to increase among contemporary birth cohorts. Etiologic research is mandatory to explain the causes for these trends.