bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in Barnard 335
Authors: Kandori Ryo , Saito Masao , Tamura Motohide , Tomisaka Kohji , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tazaki Ryo , Nagata Tetsuya , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Nakajima Yasushi , Kwon Jungmi , Nagayama Takahiro , Tatematsu Ken’ichi
Published: March 2020

In this study, the detailed magnetic field structure of the dense protostellar core Barnard 335 (B335) was revealed, based on near-infrared polarimetric observations of background stars to measure dichroically polarized light produced by magnetically aligned dust grains in the core. Magnetic fields pervading B335 were mapped using 24 stars after subtracting unrelated ambient polarization components, revealing that they have an axisymmetrically distorted hourglass-shaped structure toward the protostellar core. On the basis of simple two- and three-dimensional magnetic field modeling, magnetic inclination angles in the plane-of-sky and line-of-sight directions were determined to be 90° ± 7° and 50° ± 10°, respectively. The total magnetic field strength of B335 was determined to be 30.2 ± 17.7 μG. The critical mass of B335, evaluated using both magnetic and thermal/turbulent support against collapse, was determined to be M
cr = 3.37 ± 0.94 M
⊙, which is identical to the observed core mass of M
core = 3.67 M
⊙. We thus concluded that B335 started its contraction from a condition near equilibrium. We found a linear relationship in the polarization versus extinction diagram, up to A

V
 ∼ 15 mag toward the stars with the greatest obscuration, which verified that our observations and analysis provide an accurate depiction of the core.
Discovery of a Remarkably Powerful Broad Absorption-line Quasar Outflow in SDSS J135246.37+423923.5
Authors: Choi Hyunseop , Leighly Karen M. , Terndrup Donald M. , Gallagher Sarah C. , Richards Gordon T.
Published: March 2020

Broad absorption-line (BAL) features in quasar spectra reveal an unambiguous signature of energetic outflows from central supermassive black holes, and thus, BAL quasars are prime targets for investigating the potential process of luminous quasar feedback on galaxies. We analyzed the rest-UV spectrum of an “overlapping trough” iron low-ionization broad absorption-line quasar (FeLoBAL) SDSS J135246.37+423923.5 using the novel spectral synthesis code SimBAL and discovered an extraordinarily fast and energetic BAL outflow. Our analysis revealed outflow velocities reaching

with a velocity width of

, which is the largest FeLoBAL outflow velocity measured to date. The column density of the outflow gas is log

with the log kinetic luminosity

(erg s−1), which exceeds the bolometric luminosity of the quasar and is energetic enough to effectively drive quasar feedback. The energy estimate for the outflow is far greater than the estimates from any BAL object previously reported. The object also shows “anomalous reddening” and a significant scattered component that we were able to model with SimBAL. We found the first definitive case for radiation filtering in an additional zero-velocity absorption component that required an absorbed continuum to produce the particular absorption lines observed (Mg ii, Al iii, and Al ii) without also producing the high-ionization lines such as C iv.
Heating of the Solar Wind by Ion Acoustic Waves
Authors: Kellogg Paul J.
Published: March 2020

Calculations are made of the energy supplied to the solar wind by the rapid decay of density fluctuations, identified as ion acoustic waves. It is shown that this process supplies an appreciable fraction, perhaps nearly all, of the observed heating of the solar wind. This process may be an important step in the conversion of magnetic turbulence to particle energy.
Upward Overshooting in Turbulent Compressible Convection. II. Simulations at Large Relative Stability Parameters
Authors: Cai Tao
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present the results of three-dimensional numerical simulation of upward overshooting in turbulent compressible convection at large relative stability parameter S. Similar to the previous simulations at small S, we find that the convectively stable zone can be partitioned into three layers: the thermal adjustment layer, the turbulent dissipation layer, and the thermal dissipation layer. Despite of this similarity, there exist significant differences in several aspects. First, for small S, the thermal structure is altered considerably near the interface between the convectively unstable and stable zones. For extremely large S, the thermal structure is only slightly changed. Second, the overshooting distance decreases at small S, but it can increase when S is large enough. Third, for small S, the fluid motions tend to be less active when S increases. However, the fluid motions can be more active when S is large enough. We find that the structure of counter cells has a significant impact on the penetration depth.
Birth, Life, and Death of Black Hole Binaries around Supermassive Black Holes: Dynamical Evolution of Gravitational Wave Sources
Authors: Sedda Manuel Arca
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the mechanisms that regulate the formation and evolution of stellar black hole binaries (BHBs) around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We show that dynamical interactions can efficiently drive “in situ” BHB formation if the SMBH is surrounded by a massive nuclear cluster, while orbitally segregated star clusters can replenish the BHB reservoir in SMBH-dominated nuclei. We discuss how the combined action of stellar hardening and mass segregation sculpts the BHB orbital properties. We use direct N-body simulations including post-Newtonian corrections up to 2.5 order to study the BHB–SMBH interplay, showing that the Kozai–Lidov mechanism plays a crucial role in shortening the lifetime of binaries. We find that the merging probability weakly depends on the SMBH mass in the

range, leading to a merger rate

yr−1 Gpc−3 at redshift zero. Nearly 40% of the mergers have masses in the “BH mass gap,”

, thus indicating that galactic nuclei are ideal places to form BHs in this mass range. We argue that gravitational wave (GW) sources with component masses m
1 > 40 M⊙ and

would represent a strong indicator of a galactic nucleus origin. The majority of these mergers could be multiband GW sources in the local universe: nearly 40% might be seen by LISA as eccentric sources and, a few years later, as circular sources by LIGO and the Einstein Telescope, making decihertz observatories like DECIGO unique instruments to bridge the observations during the binary inspiral.
Deciphering the 3D Orion Nebula-I: Expanding Shells in the Huygens Region
Authors: O’Dell C. R. , Abel N. P. , Ferland G. J.
Published: March 2020

Based on imaging and spectroscopic data, we develop a 3D model for the Huygens Region of the Orion Nebula.

Ori C, the hottest star in the Trapezium, is surrounded by a wind-blown Central Bubble that opens SW into the Extended Orion Nebula. Outside of this feature lies a layer of ionized gas at about 0.4 pc from

Ori C. Both of these features are moving rapidly away from

Ori C with an expansion age for the Central Bubble of only 15,000 yr.
Transmitted, Pre-treatment and Acquired Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among Men who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Living with HIV in Nigeria
Authors:   the TRUST/RV368 Study Group, Crowell Trevor A , Kijak Gustavo H , Sanders-Buell Eric , O'Sullivan Anne Marie , Kokogho Afoke , Parker Zahra F , Lawlor John , Polyak Christina S , Adebajo Sylvia , Nowak Rebecca G , Baral Stefan D , Robb Merlin L , Charurat Manhattan E , Ake Julie A , Ndembi Nicaise , Tovanabutra Sodsai
Published: March 2020

Background

Across sub-Saharan Africa, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) have disproportionately poor HIV treatment outcomes. Stigma and criminalization create barriers to health-care engagement and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), potentially promoting the development of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). We evaluated transmitted, pre-treatment and acquired HIVDR among MSM and TGW in Lagos and Abuja, Nigeria.

Methods

Adults with HIV RNA ≥1,000 copies/ml in the TRUST/RV368 cohort, including incident cases diagnosed via 3-monthly screening, underwent HIVDR testing using the Sanger sequencing method. Major mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were identified from the 2017 IAS-USA list. World Health Organization surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were identified in ART-naive participants.

Results

From March 2013 to June 2017, 415 participants with median age 24 (interquartile range [IQR] 21–27) years, CD4+ T-cell count 370 (IQR 272–502) cells/mm3, and HIV RNA 4.73 (IQR 4.26–5.15) log10 copies/ml underwent HIVDR testing. SDRMs were observed in 36 of 373 ART-naive participants (9.7%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI 6.8, 13.1%]), including 8 of 39 incident cases (20.5%, [95% CI] 9.3, 36.5%). Among 42 ART-experienced participants, NNRTI resistance was detected in 18 (42.9%, 95% CI 27.7, 59.0%) and NRTI resistance in 10 (23.8%, 95% CI 12.0, 39.4%). No PI resistance was detected.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of transmitted and acquired drug resistance among Nigerian MSM and TGW living with HIV suggests the need for programmatic solutions to improve uninterrupted access to ART and timely switch to second-line regimens in cases of viral failure.
Transformation Chlorophyll a of Spirulina platensis to Chlorin e6 Derivatives and Several Applications
Authors: Bui Hoa Thi Hai , Thi Pham Tam , Thi Thu Nguyen Hien , Minh Do Trung , Thi Nga Vu , Bac Nguyen Duy , Huyen Vu Thi Bich , Le Hai Minh , Tran Quang Canh
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Spirulina platensis contains a large amount of chlorophylls, chlorophyll a, that are starting materials to synthesize functionalized chlorins. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) as well as its derivatives are second generation sensitizers using in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various cancers. In this study, we transfer chlorophyll a of S. platensis to Ce6derivatives and determine their several applications.
AIM: to evaluate the effects of Ce6 derivatives to treat cancer cells.
METHODS: Ce6 trimethylester was created from methyl pheophorbide a2 in S. platensis provided by the Hidumi Company, Nghe An province, Viet Nam. Hela cells were incubated with Ce6 trimethylester and the irradiated with the diode laser dose of 1.2 J/cm2/min through the system of filters £ 650 nm. MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to determine survival rate and cloning efficiency of cells. Antimicrobial effect of Ce6 trimethylester with halogen light were studied with Propionibacterium acnes VTCC 0218 and Staphylococcus aureus VTCC 0173.
RESULTS: From dry biomass (700 g) of S. platensis, after extracting chlorophyll a and methanolysis, 4.2 g of methyl pheophorbide a was obtained. The reaction to give Ce6 trimethylester with 82% yield was performed with potassium hydroxide (KOH) in MeOH/THF/CHCl3. After irradiation with a 650 nm laser at 1.2 J, the cell viability in all samples decreased with Ce6 trimethylester treatment, the survival declining trend of Hela cells treated with Ce6 trimethylester were proportional when concentration of Ce6 trimethylester increased. The rate of colony formation was declined as the concentration of Ce6 trimethylester treated was increased. The growth of both S. aureus and P. acnes can be inactivated by Ce6 trimethylester PDT. The MIC99 value against P. acnes VTCC 0218 and S. aureus VTCC 0173 of Ce6 trimethylester with halogen light was 1.25 μg/ml.
CONCLUSION: The Ce6 trimethylester from S. platensis cultivated in Viet Nam could be used as a potential photosentizer for photodynamic therapy for treatment of cancer and acne.
La psychanalyse depuis Samuel Beckett
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: March 2020

Samuel Beckett, analysé par W.R. Bion dans les années 1930, n’a jamais fait mystère de sa sympathie pour la psychanalyse. Il s’est toujours intéressé à la psychopathologie et a lu les livres de Freud et ceux de ses disciples. Son écriture croise souvent les chemins de l’analyse et anticipe parfois sur les avancées théoriques de celle-ci. Ainsi trouve-t-on dans son œuvre une pensée cohérente sur la jouissance, sur l’impossible rencontre entre les sexes ou sur le mensonge véhiculé par les mots. En scrutant la vacuité du sujet, Beckett, loin de dédoubler celle-ci, aboutit à de nouveaux ressorts poétiques, épiques et dramatiques, mettant à jour des mythes immémoriaux et une foule de figures inédites de l’autre.
Deux aspects de la poésie de Reinhard Priessnitz
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: March 2020

Franz Kaltenbeck rend hommage au poète viennois contemporain Reinhard Priessnitz, poète rare, trop vite disparu (1945-1985), et se propose, à travers le commentaire de deux poèmes : « reise » (voyage) et « der blaue wunsch » (le vœu bleu), de mettre en lumière le lien au réel qui animait l’écriture de Priessnitz ; rappelant qu’à une question posée par Jacques Roubaud sur le moteur de sa poésie, Priessnitz avait répondu : « l’amour », c’est l’abrupt de cette dimension que Franz Kaltenbeck puise dans « voyage », dispersion plutôt qu’Éros de l’union. « le vœu bleu », poème qui lui est dédié, est plus immédiatement abstrait – nulle chose dans le texte allemand (difficulté de la traduction) – et plus encore propice à une approche lacanienne ; c’est une grammaire pulsionnelle que Franz Kaltenbeck explicite alors strophe à strophe, dans l’impératif de « ce qui est à écrire ».
The deterministic and stochastic solutions of the Schrodinger equation with time conformable derivative in birefrigent fibers
Authors: Korpinar Zeliha , Inc Mustafa , Alshomrani Ali S. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, the deterministic and stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time conformable derivative is analysed in birefrigent fibers. Hermite transforms, white noise analysis and the modified fractional sub-equation method are used to obtain white noise functional solutions for this equation. These solutions consists of exact stochastic hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions and wave solutions.
Developing Sustainable Policies in Response to Overtourism
Authors: Çakar Kadir
Published: March 2020

This chapter deals with and underscores sustainable policy responses towards overtourism, which is becoming an increasingly important issue for the survival of tourist destinations. Based on the current literature, this chapter proposes a wide range of policy responses that can be adapted by a variety of elements in tourist destinations, ranging from stakeholders to local residents. As a consequence, the measures and strategies in response to the overtourism phenomenon can expand our understanding of the concept.
Demarketing
Authors: Tiwari Pinaz , Kainthola Snigdha , Chowdhary Nimit Ranjan
Published: March 2020

Ensuring sustainability at a tourist destination is a challenge which is faced by many nations. The challenge compounds since short term monetary gains often blind the desire for sustainable development. The term overtourism has gained popularity during the last few years as instances of anti-tourism reactions have been reported from several cities like Venice, Shimla, Barcelona, etc. An acceptable solution for countering overtourism has not yet been found because of the subjectivity and complexity of the situation. This chapter focuses on deconstructing the situation of overtourism in different parts of the world and how de-marketing can be used as one of the strategies for sustainable tourism. It shows the demarketing structure in marketing framework by modifying the 5As of tourism. It also shows the marketing mix framework within the domain of demarketing. It provides an insight into the role of de-marketing in striking a balance between the interests of local communities and stakeholders on one hand and enhancing the tourist experience at a destination on the other.
Vacation Rentals, Tourism, and International Migration
Authors: Domínguez-Mujica Josefina , Parreño-Castellano Juan Manuel , Moreno-Medina Claudio
Published: March 2020

The growing presence of vacation rentals and international residential migrations are two phenomena determining the recent dynamics and urban structure of most Spanish Mediterranean and island cities. Tourists and migrants tend to be interested in the same urban spaces, and this tends to trigger gentrification, either by changes in the uses of real estate, or driven by the prospects perceived by owners of earning money. This chapter analyses these new mobility flows and urban dynamics in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, a city with enormous tourism potential located in the outermost regions of European. The chapter analyses the development of tourism in the city and recent transformations in tourism amenities available, including holiday lets. The chapter studies the changes in the resident population paying special attention to foreigners and finally, to reveal the peculiarities and emerging conflicts inherent to tourism gentrification.
Brand Consciousness and Brand Loyalty
Authors: Abdul-Talib Asmat Nizam , Japeri Nadia
Published: March 2020

It is often argued that consumers become loyal to a particular brand based on their perception of the brand itself. This study investigates the relationship between brand consciousness and three key variables: perceived quality, emotional value, and brand involvement. It also examines the influence of these three variables on students' brand loyalty to foreign-brand beauty and skin care products. A total of 318 female students from a public university in Malaysia participated in the survey. Using multiple regression analysis, the study found that brand consciousness is positively related to perceived quality and emotional value, but not brand involvement. Perceived quality and emotional value positively influence loyalty toward foreign beauty and skin care products, while brand involvement negatively influences brand loyalty.
Higher Public Officials on Direct Citizen Participation in Turkey
Authors: Saylam Ayşegül , Karkın Naci , Kocaoğlu Belgin Uçar
Published: March 2020

Governments are expected to introduce public policies to empower citizens to engage in government business for various reasons including trust building. This chapter presents enablers/barriers before direct citizen participation (DCP) in Turkey by employing interviews conducted with higher public administrators at the ministerial level. The results reveal that DCP is mostly used for informing and consultation purposes rather than fostering a citizen deliberation. The main barriers before DCP are found as centralized bureaucratic structure, lack of administrators' awareness for DCP, and a lack of participation culture. The authors argue that DCP could be fostered where public officials are curious rather than institutionalized.
Applications of Computational Intelligence in Computing Security
Authors: Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif
Published: March 2020

This chapter is an introductory chapter that attempts to highlight the concept of computational intelligence and its application in the field of computing security; it starts with a brief description of the underlying principles of artificial intelligence and discusses the role of computational intelligence in overcoming conventional artificial intelligence limitations. The chapter then briefly introduces various tools or components of computational intelligence such as neural networks, evolutionary computing, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, and fuzzy systems. The application of each component in the field of computing security is highlighted.
Odor Sensing Techniques
Authors: Albastaki Yousif A.
Published: March 2020

With advances in technology and the never-ending goal of making life simpler for humans, it is obvious that odor sensing could lead to a better tomorrow. This chapter addressed the multiple cases in which odor sensing could be used and applied specially when identifying individuals. Various research has been carried out in this field using multiple other methods to assist create this field of studies. Most of research has been specifically focused on a single industry or field of application of odor sensing techniques. The work focused on and developed a system using artificial neural network with odor sensing techniques and laid the foundation for a general-purpose system that can be used for authentication and identification of individuals.
Building New Relationships
Authors: Bugawa Afaf Mubarak , Janahi Noora Abdulla
Published: March 2020

Given the current widespread popularity of social media, such as Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and many other applications, understanding users' attitudes and usage behavior of social media applications becomes a necessity in order to develop future placements of such technologies and increase the level of trust among the users. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to shed light on the impact of trustworthiness of social media on the intention to use it. Data is gathered through a quantitative method, in which a questionnaire is used as a primary data. A convenient sampling is applied, in which the most easily accessible managers and employees in Ministry of Interior in Bahrain are chosen. The results demonstrate that there is a significant positive relationship between trustworthiness and intention to use social media. The study recommends future works to study the impact of security awareness on the usage of social media in public sector in Bahrain.
Cyber Security, IT Governance, and Performance
Authors: Al-Sartawi Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh , Razzaque Anjum
Published: March 2020

Cybersecurity is an emerging field with a growing body of literature and publications. It is fundamentally based in computer science and computer engineering but has recently gained popularity in business management. Despite the explosion of cybersecurity, there is a scarcity of literature on the definition of the term ‘Cybers Security' and how it is situated within different contexts. Henceforth, this chapter presents a review of the work related to cybersecurity, within different contexts, mainly IT governance and firm performance context. The work reviewed is separated into four main categories: the importance of cybersecurity and how it is measured, corporate governance and IT governance, IT governance mechanisms, and financial performance measures.
Life-Cycle Assessment-Based Environmental Performance Targets for Buildings
Authors: Assefa Getachew
Published: March 2020

The role of targets in delivering meaningful performance improvements for designing new buildings and retrofitting existing building stocks is important. A piecemeal approach of incomprehensive assessments around insignificant changes falls short of achieving deep cuts in impacts. Most of the current assessments are not based on well-defined performance targets. The chapter is centered around exploring the utility of the concept of planetary boundaries for setting well-grounded benchmarking systems in guiding the transformation of the built environment that significantly contributes to the overall environmental impact of the economy. It discusses the role of life cycle assessment, environmental product declarations and product category rules, and how these and relevant standards and guides can be used in tandem with tools and processes used in design offices such as building information modeling. It concludes by charting the need for research on taking concepts such as planetary boundaries to building level benchmarking systems that support better design practices.
Social Life-Cycle Assessment for Building Materials
Authors: Kutschke Liz
Published: March 2020

The goal of sustainable design and development is threefold, including economic, environmental, and social sustainability. While there are well-established methods for assessing the economic and environmental performance of products and buildings, the determination of social performance is less clear. This chapter explores the emerging field of social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), particularly as it relates to building materials and construction. This chapter includes 1) an introduction to and overview of S-LCA, summarized case studies of S-LCA; 2) a discussion of the relevance of S-LCA in sustainable design practice and education; 3) an examination of the role of environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA) in building performance standards and certifications as a model for the incorporation of S-LCA; and 4) a reflection on areas for future research, including the addition of social science theory and practice for methodology, criteria, and metric development.
Investing in Commodities in Times of Uncertainty and Lax Monetary Policy
Authors: Triantafyllou Athanasios
Published: March 2020

This chapter presents empirical evidence showing the impact of economic uncertainty and monetary policy on the volatility of commodity futures markets. The findings are in line with those of the relevant literature according to which rising uncertainty predicts rising volatility in commodity markets. The author shows that the unobservable economic uncertainty measures of Jurado et al. (2015) have a significant and long-lasting positive impact on the volatility of commodity prices. Hence, the OLS regression results show that commodity markets are significantly affected by the rising degree of unpredictability in the macroeconomy, while they are relatively immune to observable macroeconomic fluctuations. The expansionary monetary policy is followed by rising volatility in agricultural and energy markets, while it has much smaller effect on the volatility of metals markets. Financialization in commodity markets has increased the dynamic linkages between monetary policy shocks and commodity price volatility.
Are Exotic Assets Contagious?
Authors: Dimitriou Dimitrios , Simos Theodore
Published: March 2020

In this study, authors investigate the possibility of contagion/safe haven effects during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007-2009 for two exotic assets: rare coins and wine lvx50. The data sample is monthly comprising a rare coins and wine lvx50 indices, as well as MSCI (Morgan Stanley Capital Index) World financial index as a benchmark for world financial sector, spanning from 2000 until 2016. According to Baur and Lucey (2010) an asset may be characterized as safe haven, by the following definition: “A safe haven is defined as an asset that is uncorrelated or negatively correlated with another asset or portfolio in times of market stress or turmoil”. Employing a bivariate GARCH (1,1)-DCC model, authors uncover significant evidence of contagion effects among the MSCI World Financial and wine lvx50, while the pair MSCI World Financial and rare coins show a safe haven behaviour. These findings confirm a specific pattern of contagious and safe haven behaviors that provide important implications for international investors.
Spillover Volatility Between Fuel Mix and Electricity Prices
Authors: Kakouris Konstantinos , Psychoyios Dimitrios
Published: March 2020

Regulators were the only institution who set the electricity prices, including costs of transmission, distribution, and generation. Nowadays, this has changed. Electricity prices are determined by the fundamental economic rule of supply and demand. The forthcoming work examines a potential relationship between electricity price and fuel mix. The authors use the Nordic System's electricity prices and generation. They conclude that hydropower and nuclear power plays a vital role in the futures energy mix and in the stability of electricity prices. A spillover effect is detected between electricity prices and fuel mix, but a need for further research is recommended.
Crowdfunding
Authors: Katseli Louka T. , Boufounou Paraskevi
Published: March 2020

Crowdfunding is an innovative fin-tech mechanism for financing sustainable development. As this chapter demonstrates, crowdfunding can prove to be a powerful tool for financial inclusion, as it opens up funding possibilities for stakeholders, activities, and projects which would not be able to tap funding through the banking system or traditional credit and/or equity providers. This chapter provides a review of the most important recent European crowdfunding initiatives and critically evaluates the present Greek crowdfunding mechanism and its extension into a loan-based and equity-based funding system. By identifying the institutional and functional factors that constrain its use, it provides recommendations for their alleviation. The development of a grant-based crowdfunding platform in Greece has proven to be a powerful innovative tool to meet urgent financial needs in the course of the recent crisis as well as a tool for financial inclusion.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Ethical Investments (EI) Research
Authors: Lemonakis Christos , Kouskoukis Marios Nikolaos , Garefalakis Alexandros , Zopounidis Constantin , Eskantar Marianna
Published: March 2020

This chapter presents the evolution of academic research in Ethical Investments (EI) research between 1990 and 2019. The chapter analyzes the most influential journals in EI research by searching for papers, which were published on the Scopus database. Results show a steadily increasing rate of EI research during the past 30 years. The chapter reports the top academic journals that permanently publish articles about EI research. The main contribution of this work is to develop a general overview of the leading journals in EI research, which leads to the development of a future research agenda for bibliometric analysis. The survey covers all main areas of Social Sciences, Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics, and Finance as well as Decision Sciences and its connections with other analytical fields.
Insourcing and Outsourcing of Library Technology
Authors: Iglesias Edward
Published: March 2020

This article traces the movement of library technology from in-house systems created and maintained by library personnel to outsourced products bought from and largely controlled by vendors. As well as documenting these changes observations will be made concerning strategic advantages and disadvantages of this move. Focus will be limited to six areas of library technology: OPAC, Discovery Layer, MARC Records, Bindery, Acquisitions and ERM (Electronic Resources Management). Some may argue that these are all components of a central ILS that are created and available. This is true in some cases but not others. For example, Innovative Interfaces has always had an Acquisitions module whereas other ILSs have not. Many libraries still use a spreadsheet or other method to keep track of serials where others have migrated to an ERM. Individual use cases will be covered to demonstrate the benefits and shortcomings of each system.
Digital Initiatives of the Indian Council of World Affairs' Library
Authors: Sharma Chhaya
Published: March 2020

This chapter attempts to unravel the journey of Sapru House library (Indian Council of World Library) from a passive manual traditional library to an active electronic library. This chapter provides insights into the traditional management of the resources and their service provision and examines the reasons for the digital initiatives and the how the challenges and obstructions were met and overridden. ICWA library is an academic library having a unique and matchless collection of bound newspapers (since1933), press clippings (since 1964) and rare books (between 1700-1900) constitute 70% of its total collection. Housing, storage, management, preservation, conservation, retrieval and dissemination were underlying reasons that inspired the author to transform this valued collection to a digital repository of knowledge. This chapter gives a detailed account of the conception of the digital initiations vis-à-vis the digital project, outlines, reports, discussions, presentations, approvals, sanctions, funding, execution, implementation and the outcome and realization of the dream.
Analysis of Initial Involvement of Librarians in the Online Virtual World of Second Life
Authors: Kowalsky Michelle
Published: March 2020

This descriptive case study considers a tech-savvy and geographically distributed group of librarians and information professionals, led by an initiative of the Alliance Library System of Illinois, who gathered together to brainstorm and organize ways to provide online users with real library services. Through document analysis of written conversations in their online discussion group, the researcher has explored the development process of these librarians as they began to provide information services to users in the virtual online world of Second Life®.
Visibility and Accessibility of Indigenous Knowledge on Open Access Institutional Repositories at Universities in Africa
Authors: Tapfuma Mass , Hoskins Ruth
Published: March 2020

Much research has been done on Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) at African universities but the results are inaccessible as they remain scattered all over in researchers' offices, yet IK plays a significant role in Africa's development. Universities are better placed to consolidate, preserve, disseminate and facilitate easy access to such knowledge. This chapter explores the role that can be played by Institutional Repositories (IRs) in fulfilling this goal. Literature was reviewed to provide a conceptual overview of the role of IRs, to establish the challenges faced by universities in enabling access to IK in institutional repositories and explore strategies that can be employed to promote their use. The findings revealed that academics have not fully embraced the IR technologies; therefore, librarians struggle to secure content for their IRs. It is recommended that rigorous awareness campaigns on open access and IRs be done by librarians to obtain stakeholder buy-in.
Managing Open Access (OA) Scholarly Information Resources in a University
Authors: Patel Dimple , Thakur Deepti
Published: March 2020

Open Access (OA) to scholarly information has now become a reality. Due to the efforts of OA supporters worldwide now even commercial publishers have started supporting open access to their content through various open access models. Many public institutions like universities and R&D Labs have realized the importance of OA in developing the society in general. As a result, these institutions have come up with OA repositories, archives and libraries. As with any such proliferation of information, OA resources have increased manifold and can easily overwhelm even an experienced user. Also different repositories may use various digital library software, which presents the problem of multifarious search interfaces and features. The solution can be found in the open community of open source software and open standards. The open source metadata harvesting software PKP-OHS and the open protocol for metadata harvesting i.e. OAI-PMH come to the rescue. This chapter discusses how PKP-OHS was implemented as a pilot study at the Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP).
Adoption of Open Source Software in Libraries in Developing Countries
Authors: Chigwada Josiline Phiri
Published: March 2020

A survey on the adoption of open source software in libraries in developing countries was conducted. An online questionnaire was sent to Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa (SCAAP) participants for the Advanced Certificate Course in Modern Library Practices and the Lib@web participants of the Management of Electronic Information and Digital Libraries programme at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. The ITEC/SCAAP programme is sponsored by Government of India while the Lib@web programme is sponsored by Flemish Interuniversity Council – Belgian Development Council (VLIR-OUS). The data was collected from 31 librarians who attended these training programmes. The findings revealed that most libraries in developing countries which sent participants to these programmes have adopted open source software. The author recommends that librarians should continue upgrading their skills so that they are conversant with how the various open source software can be used in their institutions.
Gamification
Authors: Aguiar Pedro , Azevedo Isabel
Published: March 2020

Gamification has been applied in diverse areas to encourage participation, improve engagement, and even modify behaviors. However, many gamified applications have failed to meet their objectives, and poor gamification design has been pointed out as a recurrent problem, despite a growing number of gamification frameworks and their valuable guidelines. Model-driven engineering approaches have been proposed as possible solutions to the deficient, and incoherent, inclusion of several dynamics and mechanics. They allow achieving a formalism that can avoid many errors and inconsistencies in the process. Moreover, these efforts are necessary to achieve a conceptualization of gamification that facilitates its inclusion in applications. Three proposals are analyzed, all based on domain-specific languages (DSL), which allows users to design complex gamification strategies without requiring programming skills. The MDE approach can be used to enrich gamification design by providing a platform that involves various concepts and the necessary connections between them to ensure harmonious designs.
Providing Continuous Web Accessibility Evaluation
Authors: Bossi Pereira da Silva Aline , da Silva Celmar Guimarães , de Oliveira Moraes Regina Lúcia
Published: March 2020

Accessibility evaluation of websites is normally done before its deployment, but there is a lack of accessibility maintenance after website evolution. This chapter hypothesizes that adopting a continuous website accessibility validation process could facilitate accessibility maintenance after each evolution. To this end, the authors adapted an accessibility evaluation tool to send periodical reports of accessibility faults to website managers. Weekly accessibility reports were sent to the website's managers and the number of accessibility faults was monitored. Besides, these managers answered questions about their awareness of the regulation and the faults found on their websites. The results suggested a notable lack of interest in regulatory compliance and a strong lack of sensitivity to disabled people's limitations.
Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Gültekin Kutlu Zelal
Published: March 2020

In this study, the periodical differences of industrial revolutions, which is one of the effects of technological developments in the industrial field, and the last stage of it are mentioned. With the latest industrial revolution called Industry 4.0, machines work in harmony with technology at every stage of industrial areas. This period, known as Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, refers to the system in which the latest production technologies, automation systems, and the technologies that make up this system exchange data with each other. In addition to the information technologies and automation systems used in Industry 3.0, industrial production has gained a whole new dimension with the use of the internet. With internet networks, machines, operators, and robots now work in harmony. At this point, the concept of internet of objects becomes important. Therefore, another focus of the study is the concept of internet of objects. There are some assumptions about the uses, benefits, and future status of the internet of things.
Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Kaya Sema Kayapınar
Published: March 2020

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the extension of the Internet of Things and It is used for industrial purposes such as manufacturing, supply chain.IIoT can be connected with billions of industrial devices and machines that supported machine learning and big data technology. Because of its potential to authorize faster and better decision making, the IIoT becomes essential for supply chain processes. The IIoT is set to revolutionize the supply chain with both operational efficiencies and revenue opportunities made possible with just this type of transparency. This study attempts to fill this gap by developing a conceptual framework for predicting the advantage of the IIoT and supply chain performance. This chapter synthesizes existing literature reviews and making bibliometric analysis on the IIoT and supply chain. Additionally, It also outlines avenues and opportunities for future research aiming at the contribution of the IIoT to Supply Chain processes.
Big Data and Enterprise Applications
Authors: Doğan Ahmet , Arı Emin Sertaç
Published: March 2020

Today, a company continues its activities in a highly competitive environment regardless of the sector in which it operates. An important point has been emphasized in many developments by experienced managers and academics which have been released to the public. From marketing to finance, human resource management, auditing and planning, all business processes have entered an incredible innovative process. One of the topics in this process is big data. When cumulative data are not used, they cannot transcend being huge piles of garbage. However, it is not possible to analyze such large, complex, and dynamic data via conventional methods. At this point, the concept of big data has emerged. In this study, after the explanation and definition of the concept, a vast literature review was conducted in order to present the relationship of big data with IoT, big data-related topics, and academic researches on big data. Afterwards, real-life enterprise applications were exemplified from various industries.
Venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps attenuates inflammatory pain in mouse cutaneous wound healing model
Authors: Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , Adjafre Beatriz Lima , Sousa Évilla Rayanne Oliveira , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Pires Alana de Freitas , Quinet Yves , Mota Mário Rogério Lima
Published: March 2020

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the ‘‘Serra de Maranguape’’ (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg -1kg day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite nitrate-1 content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.
On the Microstructure and Erosion Corrosion Behavior of Laser Processed Nickel Aluminium Bronze
Authors: Lakshminarayanan A.K. , Rao S.R. Koteswara , Sridhar K. , Vignesh A.
Published: March 2020

Slurry jet impingement test was carried out on a laser processed nickel aluminium bronze (NAB) and the results are compared with the as-cast NAB. It is observed that the invariably, erosion corrosion rate is increasing with the jet velocity. Also, as the slurry impact angle is increased, the erosion corrosion rate of laser processed and as-cast NAB decreased. The erosion corrosion rate of laser processed sample exhibited 28 % higher erosion resistance as compared to the as-cast NAB. Enhanced surface hardness and fine grain formation due to laser processed are the main reasons for the improvement in the erosion corrosion resistance.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al6063 Hybrid Composites Reinforced with SiC/ZrO2 by Stir Casting and Thixoforming Process
Authors: Sekar Kannan , Vasanthakumar Pandian
Published: March 2020

Hybrid metal matrix composites new generation of engineering materials with better mechanical and tribological properties. Al6063 alloy has the matrix material and reinforcement SiC and ZrO2 micro particles are selected for the study. In this work, Al6063/ SiC/ZrO2 hybrid composite fabricated with different wt. % of reinforcements (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt. % SiC and 1 wt. % ZrO2 constant for all composites) by using stir casting process. The thixoforming process applied to casted composite. The SiC and ZrO2 particle was distributed in the Al-matrix are visible in the SEM micrographs .The hardness value of the composite 34.75% increased due to the addition of constant 1 wt. % of ZrO2 and varying SiC reinforcement particles. The charpy impact strength of Al composite was increased by 23.52 % with the addition of the constant 1 % wt. ZrO2 and 1 wt. % SiC particles. Wear behavior of Al6063/SiC/ZrO2 hybrid composite was tested using pin-on-disc machine. The wear volume loss decreased for 1.5 % wt. SiC and 1 wt. % ZrO2 compared to other composite. The worn surface morphology has revealed that Al6063 base alloy with deep groove. The composite with 0.5%, 1% wt. SiC and constant 1 wt.% ZrO2 showed more debris, dilamation and cleavage particles formed on the pin surface. The composite with 1.5 % wt. SiC and constant 1 wt.% ZrO2 showed less wear loss and smooth surface formation.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - a review of clinical approach for diagnosis and current treatment strategies
Authors: Narani A.
Published: March 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, complicated and challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The etiology of SLE is unknown and various criteria were created to aide in the diagnosis, focusing on clinical manifestations and antibody profiles specific to SLE. Treatment options are limited to a few medications to control the inflammation and decrease organ damage. Treatment strategies vary according to the specific organ complication.
Case report on Southeast Asian ovalocytosis: A patient with type 1 renal tubular acidosis and an asymptomatic patient incidentally found
Authors: Seevaamirtham Rushanthini , Sarathchandra Chamara , Senanayake Hemal , Weerawansa Prasanna , Lokunarangoda Niroshan , Siribaddana Sisira , Mendis Vasana
Published: March 2020

Two male patients were found to have Southeast Asian ovalocytosis - one incidentally and the other one during the investigations of the aetiology for hypokalemic paralysis. Southeast Asian ovalocytosis is found almost exclusively in Southeast Asia (1, 2). Familial renal tubular acidosis can co-exist with south East Asian ovalocytosis in the same patient (2). Anionexchanger 1 gene AE1 mutation is the underlying pathology and both can originate from the same mutation (2). This can be asymptomatic as in case 1 and can be symptomatic as in case 2. Symptomatic patients need oral potassium and bicarbonate replacement and follow up. After initial clinical assessment and investigations of case 2, he was given intravenous potassium replacement. The correction of metabolic acidosis was made by giving oral sodium bicarbonate 600mg twice daily. Eventually he made full recovery and did not develop further similar episodes.
DALLA SCOPERTA DEL DNA AD OGGI: LA MEDICINA DENTRO AL GENOMA
Authors: Cattaneo Elena , Zuffardi Orsetta
Published: March 2020

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