bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of PANoptosis-related LncRNAs prognosis system in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shu Qi , Zhu Junfeng , Mo Jiaping , Wei Xiaoyan , Zhu Zhenjie , Chen Xiaojuan , He Fugen , Zhong Like
Published: February 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies in the world. Due to the limited effectiveness of current drug treatments, further research on HCC is necessary. PANoptosis is defined as an inflammatory RCD whose main features combine pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis which cannot be explained by any of these three RCDs alone. In HCC, risk stratification based on PANoptosis-associated lncRNAs has clinical application potential. In this study, we explored HCC related PANoptosis-related lncRNAs (PRLs) by analyzing significantly differentially expressed genes in HCC. HCC-associated PRL scores were established by WGCNA, LASSO analysis and multivariate Cox assessment. Subsequently, we verified the prognostic analysis ability of PRL score for HCC patients, and on this basis established a prognostic risk assessment model for HCC and verified its reliability. The relationship between PRL score and immune infiltration as well as drug sensitivity was further analyzed to evaluate the clinical reference value of this model. Western blot analysis and PCR further verified the reliability of bioinformatics results. The observed suppression of HCC progression and invasiveness following selected PRL knockdown further validated the reliability of our bioinformatics analysis results. Our results provide new evidence for the role of PANoptosis-associated lncRNAs in HCC.
An evaluation of speech therapy care in the surrounding area of an interdisciplinary cleft lip and palate tertiary care center
Authors: Schaffrath Katharina , Ooms Mark , Seidel Simone , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: February 2025

The anatomical deformation in cleft patients requires speech therapy to support cleft patients as best as possible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the standard of knowledge of therapists concerning clefts. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine whether there was a difference between therapists with and without treatment experience in cleft patients as well as among therapists with more or less years of general professional experience. We developed a questionnaire about different areas of speech therapy: “General,” “Speech therapy,” “Development opportunities and influences,” and “Interdisciplinary collaboration.” For a total of 50 questions, we used single-, multiple-choice questions and the visual analog scale (VAS). Speech therapists with experience in treating cleft patients (n = 43) felt more confident regarding their knowledge and abilities than therapists without experience (n = 61), especially concerning nonspecialist disciplines and cleft specifications. No difference was found in therapy duration, indications, influences, and potential for development. Professional experience (years) and cleft experience correlate; with more knowledge in the group with more than 8 years of experience. Cleft centers remain first choice for patients’ care thanks to the higher number of patients, daily treatment routine, the direct contact among examiners, and a common treatment concept.
Short internal open reading frames repress the translation of N-terminally truncated proteoforms
Authors: Fettig Raphael , Gonda Zita , Walter Niklas , Sallmann Paul , Thanisch Christiane , Winter Markus , Bauer Susanne , Zhang Lei , Linden Greta , Litfin Margarethe , Khamanaeva Marina , Storm Sarah , Münzing Christina , Etard Christelle , Armant Olivier , Vázquez Olalla , Kassel Olivier
Published: February 2025

Internal translation initiation sites, as revealed by ribosome profiling experiments can potentially drive the translation of many N-terminally truncated proteoforms. We report that internal short open reading frame (sORF) within coding sequences regulate their translation. nTRIP6 represents a short nuclear proteoform of the cytoplasmic protein TRIP6. We have previously reported that nTRIP6 regulates the dynamics of skeletal muscle progenitor differentiation. Here we show that nTRIP6 is generated by translation initiation at an internal AUG after leaky scanning at the canonical TRIP6 AUG. The translation of nTRIP6 is repressed by an internal sORF immediately upstream of the nTRIP6 AUG. Consistent with this representing a more general regulatory feature, we have identified other internal sORFs which repress the translation of N-terminally truncated proteoforms. In an in vitro model of myogenic differentiation, the expression of nTRIP6 is transiently upregulated through a mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1-dependent increase in translation initiation at the internal AUG. Thus, the translation of N-terminally truncated proteoforms can be regulated independently of the canonical ORF.
Small Organic Fluorophores with SWIR Emission Detectable Beyond 1300 nm
Authors: Pieczykolan Michal , Dancer Pierre  Alix , Rolbieski Hannes , Klein Tjadina Wencke , Piwonski Hubert , Maity Bholanath , Bruns Oliver  T , Cavallo Luigi , Kiessling Fabian , Rueping Magnus , Banala Srinivas
Published: February 2025

3,6-dimethylamino fluorenone was functionalized with substituents to achieve an absorption maximum at 1012 nm and emission > 1300 nm. TD-DFT calculations confirmed that the substituent orbitals contribute to narrowing the...
Ring-fused BODlPY derived heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Wanwan , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: February 2025

This Feature Article reviews various strategies for constructing ring-fused BODIPYs as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers, their important spectroscopic and photophysical properties, and their related applications.
N-doped graphdiyne derivative for highly selective and ultrasensitive NH3 sensing at room temperature
Authors: Ma Dong-Feng , Liu Hai-Qi , Zhang Xi-Yu , Jia Ya-Nan , Zhang Xue , Niu Fang , Zhang Kai-Feng , Zhao Yong-Qing
Published: February 2025

N-doped graphdiyne derivative (N-GDYD) showed excellent sensing ability to ppb level NH3 and alkyne bond and N atoms in triazine ring synergistically enhanced its sensing ability.
In situ Raman studying the microstructure and function of FeIV species in advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Wang Chunwan , Li Shiwei , Zhang Yun , Zhang Xiaoling , Ran Wei , Liu Rui
Published: February 2025

Taking advantage of the SERS activity of the embedded Au@SiO2, the coordination structure of the FeSA site, and its change during the activation of PMS and H2O2, is studied with combined in situ SERS and theoretical calculation.
Grape pomace extract attenuates high fat diet-induced endotoxemia and liver steatosis in mice.
Authors: Muscia Saez María Victoria , Perdicaro Diahann Jeanette , Cremonini E. , Costantino Valeria Victoria , Fontana Ariel R. , Oteiza Patricia , Vazquez Prieto Marcela Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a prominent global health concern associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Excessive consumption of...
Towards more efficient synthetic immunomodulators: biological characterization and mechanism of action of monosaccharide-derived TLR4 agonists
Authors: Adelino Franco Ana Rita , Aladailleh Zaineh , Romerio Alessio , Italia Alice , Lami Federico , Shaik Mohammed Monsoor , Skupinska Natalia , Artusa Valentina , Pirianov Grisha , Peri Francesco
Published: February 2025

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR4, play a crucial role in innate immunity activation, and small molecular TLR4 activators (agonists) are in preclinical and clinical phase of development as vaccine adjuvant...
A theoretical study on metal doping for enhancing the structure stability and CO2 adsorption selectivity in defective UiO-66
Authors: Liu Zewei , Xu Changbin , Zheng Haolong , Lv Daofei , Peng Junjie , Chen Xin , Duan Chongxiong , Xi Hongxia , Wang Xun
Published: February 2025

To untangle the underlying performance of MOFs on CO2 adsorption and separation, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation combined with density functional theory (DFT) were used to investigate adsorption and...
Luminescent indium complexes with ONN-donor Schiff bases: synthesis, structure, and DFT investigation
Authors: Ershova Irina V , Baryshnikova Svetlana V. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Belikov Alexey A , Yakushev Ilya , Dorovatovskii Pavel , Ilichev Vasily A , Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Piskunov Alexandr Vladimirovich
Published: February 2025

A series of dimethylindium complexes of general formula (R-ONN)InMe2 (R = H (1), Me (2), Cl (3), NO2 (4)) have been synthesized by the reaction of Me3In with an appropriate...
Sustainable Heck–Mizoroki and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions mediated by aqueous palladium nanoparticles and imidazolium–sulfonate additives
Authors: Nishida Elvis N. , Zaramello Laíze , Campedelli Roberta R. , Keller Mateus H. , Moreira Raphaell , S. Souza Bruno
Published: February 2025

We report an efficient method for Heck–Mizoroki and Suzuki–Miyaura couplings using Pd nanoparticles in water using novel zwitterionic additives. The system is reusable, scalable, and efficient, advancing Green Chemistry.
Combined prioritization and dereplication-based rapid identification of new 8-alkylated coumarins: podurins A and B from the leaves of Murraya paniculata and cytotoxic evaluation
Authors: Kumari Sanju , Saini Vaishali , Chakrabarty Sanheeta , Kumar Sanjay , Jha Hem Chandra , Ronickom Jac Fredo Agastinose , Kumar Sanjeev , Jain Shreyans K.
Published: February 2025

Profiling extracts using LC-HRMS is now a standard and powerful method to search for new metabolites for drug discovery.
Ti3C2Tx/silicon nanowire array heterojunction visible light enhanced broadband photodetector based on leaky mode resonance
Authors: Yu Jie , Huang Zhi-Yu , Gao Jin-Xulong , wang jiang , Hu Yi , Liao Andrew Yuxuan , Liang Fengxia
Published: February 2025

Silicon-based broadband photodetectors (BBPDs) are extensively utilized in both civilian and military fields due to their advanced fabrication processes and superior optoelectronic properties. However, most silicon-based BBPDs exhibit significantly reduced...
One-pot synthesis of long-range aligned nanochannels for Li-ion transfer pathways
Authors: Chen Zehan , Alvarez Moises Isaac , Bruker Ruth , Jia He , Yan Shanshan , Zhang Yinghui , He Zhenni , Zhou Kejie , Melinte Sorin , Rubatat Laurent , Meerholz Klaus , Gohy Jean-François
Published: February 2025

Long-range aligned nanochannels are synthesized and utilized as Li+ ion pathways in solid polymer electrolytes. Cyano groups distributed within nanochannels accelerate Li+ migration, leading to superior ionic conductivity.
Quantitative nanometer-scale characterization of densification in fused silica via s-SNOM
Authors: Yan Ying , Jiang Bo , Mu Qing , Zhou Ping
Published: February 2025

The densification feature of fused silica was quantitatively characterized with nanometer-scale precision by s-SNOM. The findings are of great significance for the detection of sub-surface nanometer scale defects.
Controllable magnetism and an anomalous Hall effect in (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3-intercalated MnBi2Te4 multilayers
Authors: Chen Peng , Liu Jieyi , Zhang Yifan , Huang Puyang , Bollard Jack , Yang Yiheng , Arnold Ethan L. , Liu Xinqi , Yao Qi , Choueikani Fadi , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten , Kou Xufeng
Published: February 2025

In (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 intercalated MnBi2Te4 multilayers, structural engineering is employed to modulate both the anomalous Hall response and magnetism.
Mechanophoric hydrogels: when mechanical stress produces useful responses
Authors: Arenhart Soares Franciela , Besenius Pol
Published: February 2025

Mechanophoric hydrogels undergo visible color changes or alterations in optical properties in response to mechanical stimuli.
Optical properties of BaTiO3 at room temperature: DFT modelling
Authors: Inerbaev Talgat M. , Graupner David R. , Abuova Aisulu U. , Abuova Fatima U. , Kilin Dmitri S.
Published: February 2025

The optical properties of the tetragonal phase of BaTiO3 have been studied using density functional methods, applying the generalized gradient approximation at room temperature and a hybrid functional for static lattice analysis.
Photocatalytic 1,3-Difluoroalkylcarboxylation of Alkenes by Triple Kinetic-Controlled Radical Self-Ordering
Authors: Fu Hong , Wang Zuo-Shuai , Li Si-Jia , Zhu Lin-Yuan , Wang Xiao-Jian , Wang Hong-Chen , Han Bing
Published: February 2025

A transition metal-free protocol for the unsymmetrical radical 1,3-difunctionalization of alkenes has been established for the first time in the form of 1,3-difluoroalkylcarboxylation by a photocatalytic radical three-component reaction of...
High capacity peanut shell-based hard carbon as a negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Jia Hai-Lang , Chai Ke-Yang , Ji Peng-Cheng , Lu Yu-Jie
Published: February 2025

Peanut shell-based hard carbon PSHC-2 was prepared using a two-step method of hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis, exhibiting excellent sodium storage performance.
Printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with performance tuning via trifluoroacetamide
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Pengyu , Guo Rongrong , Chen Yiwen , Chen Changqing , Yang Weihuang , Zeng Qin , Ye Chao , Huang Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2025

Trifluoroacetamide was used as a passivator to fabricate printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 18.67%.
Nonaffine motion and network reorganization in entangled polymer networks
Authors: Assadi Saleh , Lamont Samuel C. , Hansoge Nitin , Liu Zhuonan , Crespo-Cuevas Victor , Salmon Fay , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a computational model designed to capture the mechanical behavior of entangled polymer networks, described by dynamic and slideable cross-linking junctions.
Continuous and reversible tuning of inter-layer spacings in two-dimensional conductive metal organic frameworks
Authors: Dontireddy Gopi M. R. , Suman Satya Prakash , Merino-Gardea Jose L. , Javed Ahad Hussain , Wang Jiande , Chen Tianyang , Kampouri Stavroula , Banda Harish
Published: February 2025

The removal and exchange of solvents in two-dimensional metal organic frameworks enabled reversible tuning of their stacking distances. Surprisingly, no correlation was noted between stacking distances and their charge transport properties.
Tuning photoelectric conversion in hybrid perovskites by thermal cycling
Authors: Qin Shengjian , Su Hang , Jiao Yinan , Meng Jiale , Song Jiayu , Zhao Jinjin , Lu Jian
Published: February 2025

The effects of thermal cycling between 25 °C and 60 °C on the photovoltaic properties of MAPbI3 are studied. A moderate compressive lattice strain generated during thermal cycling enhances the photoelectric conversion performance.
Through-Space Charge Transfer Polybenzonorbornenes with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Full-Color Piezochromism Property
Authors: Li Qiang , Huang Fangfang , Xu Xiaofan , Wang Xingdong , Ma Zhihua , Quan Zewei , Liu Jize , Tong Hui , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang
Published: February 2025

Though-space charge transfer polybenzonorbornenes consisting of carbazole donor and dimesitylboron acceptor in ortho-position of phenyl units on benzonorbornene repeating unit are developed, revealing efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission and...
Mechanistic elucidation of Ta3N5/LaTiO2N heterojunction formation for improving photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wang Linlin , Jin Chunyu , Dong Hao , Zhou Xin
Published: February 2025

Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation of a Ta3N5/LaTiO2N heterojunction promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.
In situ Raman spectroscopic studies of CO2 reduction reactions: from catalyst surface structures to reaction mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Dongao , Liu Xuan , Zhao Yu , Zhang Hua , Rudnev Alexander V. , Li Jian-Feng
Published: February 2025

In situ Raman spectroscopy study of the CO2 electroreduction reaction.
Electrochemically enhanced oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reactions with advanced high-entropy LDH nanoneedles
Authors: Pitchai Chandrasekaran , Chen Chih-Ming
Published: February 2025

This study describes the synthesis of high-entropy layered double hydroxide (HE-LDH) nanoneedles, via a simple hydrothermal method using cost-effective non-noble transition metals (Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, and Zn), for efficient electrocatalysis.
Unmanned aerial vehicles versus smart grids
Authors: Pengfei Zhao Alexis , Li Shuangqi , Huo Da , Alhazmi Mohannad
Published: February 2025

The increasing threat of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to smart grid infrastructures poses critical challenges to energy systems security. This study examines smart grid vulnerabilities to UAV‐based attacks and proposes a novel optimisation framework to enhance grid resilience. Employing a multi‐objective optimisation approach using the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA‐III) and a game‐theoretic Stackelberg model, the research captures the strategic interplay between UAV operators and grid defenders. Key contributions include the development of a multi‐objective optimisation framework, integration of adversarial game theory, incorporation of dynamic environmental conditions, and generation of Pareto‐optimal solutions for strategic defence planning. This research makes four pivotal contributions: (a) the design of a comprehensive multi‐objective optimisation framework tailored for UAV strike optimisation, (b) the integration of game‐theoretic principles to model adversarial behaviours, (c) the inclusion of dynamic environmental factors to improve solution robustness, and (d) the application of NSGA‐III to generate trade‐off solutions, equipping decision‐makers with diverse strategies to enhance grid resilience. By addressing an urgent and timely challenge, this work offers practical guidance for fortifying smart grid infrastructures against emerging UAV threats in increasingly complex operational environments.
Impact of merger histories on the timing argument estimate of the Local Group mass
Authors: Akib Istiak , Hammer François , Yang Yanbin
Published: February 2025

The timing argument (TA) aims to find the total mass of the Local Group (LG) from the relative motions of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda galaxy (M31). However, the classical TA always overestimates the LG mass, presumably because it does not account for the hierarchical scenario and other interactions, such as that with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We focused on the impact of M31’s recent major merger by using three merger models to find the peculiar motion of M31 within the simple two-body, point-mass scenario of the TA. We find that the merger correction affects the TA mass by plus or minus 10–15% depending on the M31 tangential motion, which has very large uncertainties. If we consider an M31 merger configuration that reduces the TA mass by 10–15%, to which we add the impact due to the LMC infall into the MW as reported in the literature, the TA mass is consistent with the LG mass from Hubble-Lemaître flow. Galaxies are believed to have experienced about 16 major mergers each since z = 11.5. Assuming all these mergers had a similar impact on the TA mass as the most recent M31 merger, the ratio of LG mass to TA mass would be 0.85−0.37+0.65, and such a TA mass is consistent with all the LG mass estimates. Our result also agrees with findings that used LG analogues in cosmological simulations. We find that the TA mass estimate is limited by the hierarchical scenario, since it is not possible to track the progenitors of both the MW and M31 through so many mergers. We conclude that the MW–M31 dynamical system is far too complex to be modelled as a simple two-body point-mass system.
Loncastuximab-Tesirin plus Rituximab als neue Option?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: February 2025

Die Ergebnisse einer pivotalen Phase-II-Studie zeigen, dass das Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Loncastuximab-Tesirin plus Rituximab das progressionsfreie-(PFS) bzw. Gesamtüberleben (OS) auch bei schwer behandelbaren Patient*innen mit rezidivierten bzw. refraktären follikulären Lymphomen (FL) und hoher Krankheitslast verbessert.
HYBRID – Vorhersagewert der F-18-FDG-PET/CT für Programmed-deathligand-1-Expression in NSCLC
Authors: Zippel Sarah C.
Published: February 2025

Mit gegen Programmed-cell-deathProtein (PD-1) und Programmeddeath-ligand-1 (PD-L1) gerichteten monoklonalen Antikörpern steht für nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (NSCLC) mit Ausprägung einer entsprechenden Expression eine äußerst wirkungsvolle Therapie zur Verfügung. Die Selektion der Patienten, die von einer solchen Therapie profitieren und gegebenenfalls keine zusätzliche Chemotherapie benötigen, ist aber eine Herausforderung.
A solid-state high voltage pulse power supply with three output voltages
Authors: Pan Zilong , Cheng Xinbing , Chen Rong , Zhang Hanwen , Zhang Renjie , Yang Jianhua , Qian Baoliang
Published: February 2025

A solid-state high voltage pulse power supply with three synchronous output voltages is designed and constructed in this paper. The pulse power supply consists of a fractional-turn ratio saturable pulse transformer and three six-stage Marx generators. The FRSPT not only works as step-up pulse transformers but also as magnetic switches of the Marx generators. All magnetic switches are developed based on two communal cores to achieve a perfect multiple-pulse synchronization effect. The experimental results show that the three output voltages have an amplitude of about 168 kV and a rising time of about 102.6 ns with a 2 MΩ dummy load. The pulse power supply can operate stably at frequencies of 1, 5, 10, and 15 Hz with the synchronization jitters less than 1.5 ns.
Automated Bell inequality violation searches for estimating entanglement quality in fiber
Authors: Dowling Evan , Baumgartner Gerald , Brewster Richard , Morris Mark , Richards Anne Marie , Roy Rajarshi , Murphy Thomas E.
Published: February 2025

In a future quantum network, two spatially separated individuals sharing a polarization entanglement source may need to assess the entanglement quality of the source without the presence of classical auxiliary signals. When the two are separated by a single-mode fiber, automated methods are necessary for the validation and estimation of polarization entanglement. We experimentally examine real-time iterative methods to search for maximal Bell violations, specifically the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, between two observers sharing polarization entangled photons to evaluate the entanglement quality of the source. Our source allows us to tune the degree of entanglement of their shared photon pair by changing the temporal overlap of the two photons at an entangling 50/50 beam splitter so that we can compare the CHSH parameter these methods find to the theoretical values our source produces. The iterative methods used within our experiment are the Nelder–Mead optimization method, stochastic gradient descent, and Bayesian optimization. This is the first feedback experiment to study automated Bell violations in fiber and the first to compare all three of these iterative methods to one another in a quantum polarization control experiment. In our experiment, all methods are able to find Bell violations, but the Nelder–Mead method performed the best in terms of the speed and accuracy in finding the maximal violation.
Control of impurity incorporation into CVD diamond synthesized with tert-butylphosphine for quantum applications
Authors: Kawase Riku , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Kato Hiromitsu , Tokuda Norio , Yamasaki Satoshi , Ogura Masahiko , Makino Toshiharu , Morioka Naoya , Mizuochi Norikazu
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in phosphorus-doped diamond have potential applications in quantum technologies because their electron spin has the longest spin coherence time among those in solid systems at room temperature (RT) and because their negative charge state is more stable than that in undoped diamond. However, the conventional phosphorus source, phosphine, is toxic and explosive; a safer precursor is therefore preferred. We consequently attempted to synthesize phosphorus-doped diamonds using tert-butylphosphine (TBP), which has lower toxicity and explosivity than phosphine. However, controlling phosphorus incorporation during doping with TBP is difficult because it condenses easily and remains in the synthesis reactor due to its low boiling point. Here, we report controlling the incorporation of impurities by optimizing the synthesis conditions, such as the synthesis pressure. Comparing diamonds synthesized at 15 and 50 kPa reveals that the phosphorus concentration was reduced by 93% and the nitrogen concentration by 72% in the diamond synthesized at 50 kPa. For diamonds prepared under optimized conditions in our synthesis reactor, a long spin coherence time (T2 = 2.23 ms) for NV centers with almost perfect selective alignment of the NV axes was achieved. The T2 was comparable to the longest reported length for NV centers in a sample synthesized with phosphine, indicating that TBP is a promising phosphorus source for obtaining NV centers with excellent properties. We also achieved high electron mobility [580 cm2/(V s) at RT] in diamonds synthesized with TBP; this value is comparable to that for diamonds synthesized with phosphine.
Advances in plasma-driven solution electrochemistry
Authors: Bruggeman Peter J. , Frontiera Renee R. , Kortshagen Uwe , Kushner Mark J. , Linic Suljo , Schatz George C. , Andaraarachchi Himashi , Chaudhuri Subhajyoti , Chen Han-Ting , Clay Collin D. , Dias Tiago C. , Doyle Scott , Jones Leighton O. , Meyer Mackenzie , Mueller Chelsea M. , Nam Jae Hyun , Raisanen Astrid , Rich Christopher C. , Srivastava Tanubhav , Xu Chi , Xu Dongxuan , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2025

Energetic species produced by gas-phase plasmas that impinge on a liquid surface can initiate physicochemical processes at the gas/liquid interface and in the liquid phase. The interaction of these energetic species with the liquid phase can initiate chemical reaction pathways referred to as plasma-driven solution electrochemistry (PDSE). There are several processing opportunities and challenges presented by PDSE. These include the potential use of PDSE to activate chemical pathways that are difficult to activate with other approaches as well as the use of renewable electricity to generate plasmas that could make these liquid-phase chemical conversion processes more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this review, we focus on PDSE as an approach for controlled and selective chemical conversion including the synthesis of nanoparticles and polymers with desired but currently uncontrollable or unattainable properties as the next step in the use of PDSE. The underpinning redox chemistry and transport processes of PDSE are reviewed as many PDSE-driven processes are transport-limited due to the many short-lived highly reactive species involved.
A piezoelectric wind-induced vibration energy harvester via the Venturi effect
Authors: Zhu Mengsong , Kuang Zhenli , Liao Weilin , Zhang Jinbo , Fu Linfei , Zhang Zhonghua , Kan Junwu
Published: February 2025

In this Letter, the Venturi effect is introduced to change the vibration behaviors of a downwind bluff body and a piezoelectric wind-induced vibration energy harvester using the Venturi effect (VE-PWVEH) is reported to offer an alternative solution to enable a high-performance downwind PWVEH. Also, the power generation characteristics were readily adjusted by the flow channel forming the Venturi effect without modifying the PWVEH structure. So, the VE-PWVEH could possess both great power-generating capability at low wind speed and strong robustness at high wind speed. The results demonstrated that both the output voltage and cut-in wind speed were affected by the attack angle of two rectangular plates used for stimulating the constricted channel. There was an optimal attack angle of 60° where a maximum peak voltage of the VE-PWVEH was increased by 621% and the cut-in wind speed was reduced by 171% compared with the harvester without the Venturi effect. Besides, it demonstrated the VE-PWVEH could achieve an output power of 0.863 mW and illuminate about 120 blue LEDs in series. The introduction of the Venturi effect provides a simple and viable method of flow field disturbance to tune the performance of PWVEHs.
Breaking the mold: Overcoming the time constraints of molecular dynamics on general-purpose hardware
Authors: Perez Danny , Thompson Aidan , Moore Stan , Oppelstrup Tomas , Sharapov Ilya , Santos Kylee , Sharifian Amirali , Kalchev Delyan Z. , Schreiber Robert , Pakin Scott , Leon Edgar A. , Laros James H. , James Michael , Rajamanickam Sivasankaran
Published: February 2025

The evolution of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been intimately linked to that of computing hardware. For decades following the creation of MD, simulations have improved with computing power along the three principal dimensions of accuracy, atom count (spatial scale), and duration (temporal scale). Since the mid-2000s, computer platforms have, however, failed to provide strong scaling for MD, as scale-out central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms that provide substantial increases to spatial scale do not lead to proportional increases in temporal scale. Important scientific problems therefore remained inaccessible to direct simulation, prompting the development of increasingly sophisticated algorithms that present significant complexity, accuracy, and efficiency challenges. While bespoke MD-only hardware solutions have provided a path to longer timescales for specific physical systems, their impact on the broader community has been mitigated by their limited adaptability to new methods and potentials. In this work, we show that a novel computing architecture, the Cerebras wafer scale engine, completely alters the scaling path by delivering unprecedentedly high simulation rates up to 1.144 M steps/s for 200 000 atoms whose interactions are described by an embedded atom method potential. This enables direct simulations of the evolution of materials using general-purpose programmable hardware over millisecond timescales, dramatically increasing the space of direct MD simulations that can be carried out. In this paper, we provide an overview of advances in MD over the last 60 years and present our recent result in the context of historical MD performance trends.
Spin polarization generated by reversible doublet-quartet transitions in photoexcited chromophore-radical conjugates
Authors: Kandrashkin Yuri E. , van der Est Art
Published: February 2025

Light-induced spin polarization can be produced in chromophore-radical conjugates by reversible transitions between the excited trip-doublet and trip-quartet states. The precise origin of this polarization is often difficult to elucidate because different transition pathways, promoted by different interactions, can occur depending on the nature of the conjugate. Moreover, the complexity of the expressions describing the evolution of the spin state populations and polarization generated by these transitions makes it difficult to estimate the dependence of the polarization on factors such as the exchange interaction and spin–orbit coupling. Here, we present a theoretical analysis and show that by making assumptions for specific cases, simplified expressions can be obtained that provide better insight into the physical origins of the polarization.
Gain–loss coupled systems
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Kim Mun , Zhang Yi-Hui , Wang Yi-Pu , Trivedi Deepanshu , Krasnok Alex , Wang Jianbo , Isleifson Dustin , Roshko Roy , Hu Can-Ming
Published: February 2025

Achieving oscillations with small dimensions, high power, high coherence, and low phase noise has been a long-standing goal in wave physics, driving innovations across classical electromagnetic theory and quantum physics. Key applications include electronic oscillators, lasers, and spin-torque oscillations. In recent decades, physicists have increasingly focused on harnessing passive oscillatory modes to manipulate these oscillations, leading to the development of diverse gain–loss coupled systems, including photon–photon, exciton–photon, photon–magnon, magnon–phonon, and magnon–magnon couplings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these systems, exploring their fundamental physical structures, key experimental observations, and theoretical insights. By synthesizing insights from these studies, we propose future research directions to further advance the understanding and application of gain–loss coupled systems for quantum science and quantum technologies.
Conformational fluxionality of long-chain alkene clusters in the gas phase evidenced from a combined experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Lewin C. Smith , Herbinet O. , Arnoux P. , Battin-Leclerc F. , Garcia G. A. , Nahon L. , Tran L. S. , Vanhove G. , Al Mogren M. Mogren , Hochlaf M. , Calvo F. , Bourgalais J.
Published: February 2025

Clusters bound by weak, non-covalent forces, such as van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds, are ubiquitous in dilute media ranging from aerosols to molecular fluids and biological structures, their interest being not only fundamental as in astrochemistry but also more applied as in organic electronics. Neutral clusters of up to six 1-hexene molecules produced by supersonic expansion of a gas mixture were ionized, mass selected, and spectroscopically characterized using synchrotron-based VUV photoelectron photoion coincidence technique. Ionization energies inferred from these measurements show decreasing trends as the cluster size increases, by about 0.5 eV over the range of 1–6 molecules. Dedicated theoretical DFT-based calculations were performed to unravel the possible structures of these clusters and determine their vertical and adiabatic ionization energies. Our computational search for stable structures considered the possible chirality effects associated with most conformers of the monomer having enantiomers, in an approach with a broad structural sampling employing classical force fields followed by systematic re-optimization using an efficient quantum chemical method. Vertical and adiabatic ionization energies obtained using wavefunction-based methods exhibit significant dispersion due to conformational flexibility already in the monomer, but these effects are magnified in clusters due to their fluxionality at the experimental temperature of about 130 K. Overall, the trends obtained for the calculated vertical ionization energies agree well with the measured data and suggest that possible chiral recognition effects that could stabilize specific structures are likely to be hampered under the present experimental conditions.
Scattering-based structural inversion of soft materials via Kolmogorov–Arnold networks
Authors: Tung Chi-Huan , Ding Lijie , Chang Ming-Ching , Huang Guan-Rong , Porcar Lionel , Wang Yangyang , Carrillo Jan-Michael Y. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Shinohara Yuya , Do Changwoo , Chen Wei-Ren
Published: February 2025

Small-angle scattering techniques are indispensable tools for probing the structure of soft materials. However, traditional analytical models often face limitations in structural inversion for complex systems, primarily due to the absence of closed-form expressions of scattering functions. To address these challenges, we present a machine learning framework based on the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) for directly extracting real-space structural information from scattering spectra in reciprocal space. This model-independent, data-driven approach provides a versatile solution for analyzing intricate configurations in soft matter. By applying the KAN to lyotropic lamellar phases and colloidal suspensions—two representative soft matter systems—we demonstrate its ability to accurately and efficiently resolve structural collectivity and complexity. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of machine learning in enhancing the quantitative analysis of soft materials, paving the way for robust structural inversion across diverse systems.
Mechanisms of pore geometry and apparent morphology on the wettability of coal-ionic liquids
Authors: Ni Guanhua , Li Moyu , Li Zhao , Xie Jingna , Liu Yixin , Gong Li , Fu Zhenglin , Shang Yuanmeng
Published: February 2025

In order to investigate the mechanism of pore regulation on the wetting performance of coal-ionic liquids, the wetting performance and mechanism of coal-ionic liquids at different temperatures were analyzed based on the contact angle, surface tension, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy experiments. A method of comprehensively analyzing the wetting mechanism through pore structure and surface morphology was proposed. The findings demonstrated that the wetting properties of ionic liquids on coal showed temperature selectivity, with the ionic liquids containing Cl− preferring low temperatures and [BMIM][BF4] on the contrary. After treatment, the average pore diameter, average roughness, and porosity of coal samples increased by 0.34–18.36 nm, 2.09–9.7 nm, and 0.5929%–1.4313%, respectively, and the trend of pore parameter change aligns with the trend of wetting characteristic change. In addition, the fitting results revealed that the increase in roughness had a negative correlation with the contact angle's size and a positive correlation with the increase in porosity, indicating that ionic liquids can affect the wetting properties of coal by changing the pore structure and apparent morphology of the coal. The research results are significant in enhancing the mine dust management capability.
An improved displacement discontinuity method of CO2 fracturing/storage considering fluid dynamic seepage
Authors: Tian Zhida , Li Shibin , Chen Keyu , Hao Ming , Cong Ziyuan
Published: February 2025

Shale formations are prone to hydration phenomena, such as clay mineral expansion and dispersion, when exposed to water. Conventional water-based drilling and fracturing fluids often lead to wellbore instability or poor fracturing stimulation effects. CO2 can effectively prevent the hydration of clay minerals and damage formation properties, making it widely used in shale reservoirs. The physical properties of CO2 vary greatly with temperature and pressure, and the physical properties of shale also undergo significant changes after CO2 interaction. Previous numerical models describing water-based fluid flow are not suitable for CO2 seepage research. In this work, a new model for describing the dynamic seepage in CO2 fracturing/storage processes is established by the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) with the classical point source seepage equation. This model uses the mass conservation of fracturing fluid flow in fractures and seepage into the rock matrix as a bridge. The correctness of the model is verified through analytical solutions and fracturing experiments. The results indicate that for problems without crack opening and propagation, the seepage range of CO2 is larger than that of water, but the pore pressure is lower. When cracks do open, the pore pressure from hydraulic fracturing is consistently lower than that from CO2 and CO2 fracturing generates higher pore pressure and seepage rates compared to water. During the process of approaching natural fractures (NFs), CO2 fracturing seepage generates higher pore pressure, effectively reducing the difficulty of NFs' failure and making it easier to induce NFs failure and form complex fracture morphology.
Deep-water corals indicate the Red Sea survived the last glacial lowstand
Authors: Chakraborty Morgan I. , Sharifi Arash , Benzoni Francesca , Tissot François L. H. , Pourmand Ali , Taviani Marco , Howes Bolton , Swart Peter K. , Lu Choajin , Rodrigue Mattie , Purkis Sam J.
Published: February 2025

The Red Sea, a nascent ocean basin connected to the Indian Ocean via a shallow strait, is assumed to have experienced significant environmental changes during the last glacial period due to a sea-level drop likely exceeding 110 m. This study investigates the hypothesis that hydrodynamic restriction led to severe ecological impacts, including basin-wide extinction due to elevated salinity followed by a short time of oxygen depletion. Uranium–Thorium dating of deep-water corals (DWCs) from 26 northern Red Sea sites reveals coral growth during and after the Last Glacial sea-level lowstand, indicating tolerable seawater chemistry. Additional geochemical data show no significant difference in Red Sea chemistry or temperature between the Latest Pleistocene and Holocene. A meta-analysis of 27 deep-sea cores reveals that while planktonic foraminifera experienced local extinction, other microfossil groups seemingly persisted. These findings suggest that the Red Sea survived the last sea-level lowstand, challenging the paradigm of a complete ecological collapse and providing insights into the resilience of marine ecosystems.
Emotional language within influencer marketing on YouTube
Authors: Pelttari Sanna
Published: February 2025

This case study of twelve videos of Spanish YouTubers explores emotional language within influencer marketing.
Special consideration is given to whether hedonic values were prevalent in the emotionally charged evaluations without neglecting
the utilitarian values involved. The analysis of this interdisciplinary study reveals that most of the evaluations, the majority
of which were directed toward feeling products, were generally positive. Expressions were categorized into different overlapping
reasons, reflecting the co-occurrence of both hedonic and utilitarian rational values. Nonetheless, a general correlation can be
established between hedonic values and feeling products, and between utilitarian values and thinking products. Furthermore, the
YouTubers consistently employed the same linguistic and lexical patterns throughout the observed data, giving the impression of a
rather spontaneous way of speaking in these videos. The videos were characterized by a certain amateurism on a discursive level,
but with some features of professionalization particularly in the case of thinking products.
3D-printed microneedle arrays for real-time interstitial fluid glucose monitoring
Authors: Zhou Qingdi , Wang Yangjun , Pan Mingqiang , Wang Chunju , Chen Liguo
Published: February 2025

Efficient, accurate, and real-time blood glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management. Using interstitial fluid (ISF) instead of blood for monitoring is a key focus. However, microneedle-based in-situ methods face challenges in comfort and miniaturization. This study presents a novel wearable patch for ISF glucose monitoring. The patch features a miniature square microneedle array (MNA) connected to the substrate via microstructure, ensuring strong fixation and easy replacement. The MNA is 3D-printed, offering personalization, efficiency, low cost and biocompatibility. Through the design of the microneedle arrangement on the array, an innovative circular array microneedle configuration is utilized to reduce insertion difficulty and enhance long-term wear comfort by reducing issues related to skin elasticity. Its surface is modified with a bonding, conductive, and functionalized layer for accurate glucose monitoring after insertion. Experimental results show the sensor’s high sensitivity and selectivity for real-time ISF glucose monitoring, suitable for both healthy individuals and diabetics. The device is painless, compact, flexible, low-cost, and comfortable, with replaceable electrodes, making it promising for practical diabetes management.
Monocular Visual Odometry in Dynamic Environments by utilizing Motion Segmentation and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chen Shuo , Lu Lixin , Chen Dongxing , Chen Dongdong , Kong Dongdong
Published: February 2025

Learning-based visual odometry (VO), that estimates frame-to-frame (F2F) translation and rotation in end-to-end network, has attracted much attention in recent years. However, existing methods perform poorly in complex environments, especially when there are moving objects in the scene. To solve the above issues, a novel monocular visual odometry is proposed based on motion segmentation and attention mechanism under dynamic environments. Firstly, semantic information and optical flow residuals are adopted for motion segmentation through iterative optimization, so as to eliminate the influence of dynamic objects. Secondly, a parallel attention mechanism module is used for extracting the most relevant features for pose estimation. Two types of experiment (Odometry dataset and Tracking dataset) based on Karlsruhe Institute of technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the accuracy of pose estimation is greatly improved by adding motion segmentation and attention mechanism. Moreover, the comparison results show that the proposed method performs comparably to geometry-based techniques and outperforms other learning-based approaches. This paper lays the foundation for accurate pose estimation in dynamic environments.
Study on diaphragm pump fault diagnosis and data correction techniques in online oil chromatography based on multilayer perceptrons
Authors: Yajun Jia , Jicheng Zhang , Junjie Jiang , Zhijian Jin
Published: February 2025

The diaphragm pump is a vital component in the online oil chromatography device for oil–gas separation, and its performance plays a crucial role in determining the accuracy and reliability of gas detection. However, over time, due to continuous use and external environmental factors, the performance of the diaphragm pump gradually declines. This degradation results in an insufficient vacuum during the degassing process, which adversely affects the accuracy of gas detection. To tackle this issue, this paper combines simulation and experimental approaches to thoroughly investigate the causes of diaphragm pump performance degradation and its theoretical lifespan. It also examines the impact of insufficient vacuum on the detection accuracy of various gases. In addition, by analyzing the current variation patterns of the diaphragm pump during operation, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm is applied to create a fault diagnosis and data error correction model for the diaphragm pump. Experimental results demonstrate that when the vacuum level surpasses 70%, the MLP model is capable of keeping the correction error for seven types of fault gases below 10%, significantly enhancing detection accuracy. This study offers valuable insights for the reliability assessment and performance optimization of online oil chromatography devices, helping to reduce maintenance costs and improve the safe operation of power transformers.
Including the vacuum energy in stellarator coil design
Authors: Guinchard S , Hudson S R , Paul E J
Published: February 2025

Being three-dimensional, stellarators have the advantage that plasma currents are not essential for creating rotational-transform; however, the external current-carrying coils in stellarators can have strong geometrical shaping, which can complicate the construction. Reducing the inter-coil electromagnetic forces acting on strongly shaped 3D coils and the stress on the support structure while preserving the favorable properties of the magnetic field is a design challenge. In this work, we recognize that the inter-coil forces are the gradient of the vacuum magnetic energy. We introduce an objective functional built on the usual quadratic flux on a prescribed target surface together with a weighed penalty on the vacuum energy. The Euler–Lagrange equation for stationary states is derived, and numerical illustrations are computed using a modern stellarator optimization framework. A study of the effect of the energy functional on the inter-coil forces is conducted and the energy is shown to be a promising quantity in producing coils with low forces.