bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ag(I)‐mediated hydrolysis of hydrazone to azine: Synthesis, X‐ray structure, and biological investigations of two new Ag(I)‐azine complexes
Authors: Elbadawy Hemmat A. , Khalil Samar M. S. M. , Al‐Wahaib Dhuha , Barakat Assem , Soliman Saied M. , Eldissouky Ali
Published: May 2022

Reactions of 2‐(1‐hydrazonoethyl)pyridine with silver salts AgX (X = NO3¯ or ClO4¯) proceeded via the hydrolysis of the pyridine ligand and the formation of the dinuclear [AgL1]2(ClO4)2 (1) and [AgL1(NO3)]2 (2) complexes of the azine ligand, 1,2‐bis(1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (L1). The structures of the obtained complexes were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The azine ligand (L1) is acting as a bidentate ligand and connects the two Ag‐sites via the pyridine and the azine nitrogen atoms. In complex 1, the Ag(I) ion is tetra‐coordinated, while in complex 2 the Ag(I) ion is penta‐coordinated due to the presence of additional interaction with one of the oxygen atoms of the nitrate ion. As a result, the azine ligand is significantly twisted in complex 2 compared to complex 1. The optimized geometries of three conformers of L1 were calculated using DFT calculations, and their kinetic and thermodynamic stability were analyzed. It was found that a free rotation of L1 is required prior to the chelation of the Ag(I) ion. The packing in complex 1 is controlled by H…H, O…H, and Ag…O interactions, but in complex 2, the O…H and N…H interactions are the most significant. Complex 2 has better antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans than the antifungal drug Ketoconazole. Also, the nitrato complex 2 has a promising antioxidant activity compared to the perchlorate complex 1. The cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma HCT‐116 cell line is higher for complex 1 (IC50 = 19.72 ± 0.94 μg/ml) than complex 2 (IC50 = 68.31 ± 2.97 μg/ml).
Strategies to Improve Perioperative Communication During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Serrano Reyes Maybel
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a variety of challenges that have necessitated process changes in perioperative environments. Communication failures are a cause of surgical adverse events, and the pandemic has created additional communication concerns. Measures to prevent disease transmission, such as social distancing and wearing personal protective equipment, may inhibit communication. Relational dynamics and the types of collaboration that perioperative health care professionals exhibit can affect the quality of communication. The use of checklists during procedures and the hand‐over process may enhance communication content. Health care professionals can use communication tools, such as portable and fixed communication devices, an electronic display of the OR schedule, cyber‐physical systems, and short message service (ie, text messages) to facilitate information sharing. The concepts presented in this article should help perioperative nurses to improve communication during and after the pandemic.
The frame of Nigerian sex trafficking between internal and external usurpers: A qualitative research through the gaze of the female Nigerian cultural mediators
Authors: Tessitore Francesca , Gallo Marica , Cozzolino Mauro , Margherita Giorgia
Published: May 2022

The present qualitative study, through a psychoanalytic and culturally sensitive lens, aims at shedding light on the representations of the Nigerian sexual trafficking phenomenon and on the peculiarities of the relationship with trafficked women, from the perspective of five Nigerian female cultural mediators who work in the field of anti‐trafficking. A semi‐structured interview was developed and analyzed according to the principles of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis‐IPA. On the background of a complex process of construction of borders between the Self and the Other, the findings show that the complexity of the cultural mediation work is higher with trafficked women due to the similarities in terms of gender, ethnic, and cultural identities. These similarities produce continuous oscillatory movements between identification/dis‐identification, confusion/differentiation, and admiration/envy. Sexual trafficking emerges as a complex chain folded over itself made by a succession of internal and external usurpers, which mutually reinforces one another, worsening the mental health of migrant women and exacerbating their vulnerabilities. The findings show the need to build thinking spaces specifically directed to the female cultural mediators who work with trafficked women in order to protect them from the risk of vicarious trauma as well as to promote an awareness about the complexities involved in their work. The possibility to understand human and sexual trafficking on a deeper level allows the planning of more person‐centered clinical interventions, which can take care of women's well‐being as well as prevent the high and very frequent risk of dropping out.
Alectinib versus crizotinib in ALK‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and comparison of next‐generation TKIs after crizotinib failure: Real‐world evidence
Authors: Wang Yurong , Shen Shujing , Hu Peizhu , Geng Di , Zheng Ruipan , Li Xingya
Published: May 2022

Background

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion is a prognostic indicator for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The real‐world data of ALK TKIs remain a major concern.

Methods

Patients with ALK‐positive advanced NSCLC, who received crizotinib or alectinib treatment in first line, were retrospectively reviewed. ALK status was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Clinical outcomes have been comprehensively analyzed between TKIs, ALK fusions, EML4‐ALK variants, and next‐generation TKIs after crizotinib failure.

Results

One hundred sixty‐eight patients were successively enrolled (crizotinib, n = 109; alctinib, n = 59). Alectinib showed consistent superiority in progressive‐free survival (PFS) over crizotinib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.43, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.24–0.77, p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression showed chemotherapy (CT) prior to TKIs or synchronous chemotherapy seemed not to improve PFS compared to ALK inhibitors alone (p > 0.05). And, alectinib was superior to crizotinib in prolonging intracranial PFS (HR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03–0.49, p = 0.003). Patients in EML4 group had a better prognosis than those in non‐EML4 group after alectinib administration (HR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.60, p = 0.009). TP53 co‐mutations were relatively common (34.0%) and associated with adverse outcome in ALK‐positive patients (adjusted HR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.00–4.92, p = 0.049). After crizotinib failure, 33 patients received a sequential application of next‐generation ALK TKIs. Compared to ceritinib and brigatinib, alectinib might have better PFS (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Our results revealed alectinib had better PFS and higher intracranial efficacy compared to crizotinib in ALK‐positive NSCLC, and might improve PFS by comparison with ceritinib and brigatinib after crizotinib failure.
Predictors of success in primary retrograde strategy in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PROGRESS‐chronic total occlusion registry
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Masoumi Amirali , Jaffer Farouc A. , Doshi Darshan , Khatri Jaikirshan , Poommipanit Paul , Gorgulu Sevket , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Goktekin Omer , Krestyaninov Oleg , Davies Rhian , ElGuindy Ahmed , Haddad Elias V. , Kerrigan Jimmy , Patel Mitul , Chandwaney Raj H. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Allana Salman , Rangan Bavana V. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: May 2022

Background

An upfront (primary) retrograde strategy is often used in complex chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We examined the clinical, angiographic characteristics, and procedural outcomes of CTO PCIs that were approached with a primary retrograde strategy in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of CTO Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO, NCT02061436).

Results

Of 10,286 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2022, a primary retrograde strategy was used in 1329 (13%) with an initial technical success of 66%, and a final success of 83%. Patients who underwent successful versus unsuccessful primary retrograde cases had similar characteristics: age (65 ± 10 vs. 65 ± 9, years, p = 0.203), men (83% vs. 87%, p = 0.066), prior PCI (71% vs. 71%, p = 0.809), and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (52% vs. 53%, p = 0.682). The PROGRESS‐CTO score (1.3 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 0.9, p < 0.001), air kerma radiation (3.9 ± 2.8 vs. 3.4 ± 2.6, gray, p = 0.013), and contrast use (294 ± 148 ml vs. 248 ± 128, ml, p < 0.001) were higher in the unsuccessful group, whereas the presence of interventional collaterals (95% vs. 72%, p < 0.001) and Werner collateral connection grade 2 (43% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) were higher in the successful group. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only variable associated with a successful primary retrograde strategy was the presence of interventional collaterals: odds ratio: 6.52 (95% confidence intervals; 3.5–12.1, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Presence of interventional collaterals is independently associated with higher success rates with a primary retrograde strategy in CTO PCI.
Value‐added products from waste: Slow pyrolysis of used polyethylene‐lined paper coffee cup waste
Authors: Lee Heejin , Papari Sadegh , Bernardini Giulio , Gallorini Riccardo , Rosi Luca , Berruti Franco
Published: May 2022

The objectives of this study were to examine how to recycle cup waste efficiently and effectively and to determine if cup waste can be converted into liquid, solid, and gas value‐added products by slow pyrolysis. The characteristics and potential utilizations of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The study included the effects of temperature, heating rate, and different feedstocks. The yield of pyrolysis oil derived from cup waste increased from 42% at 400°C to 47% at 600°C, while the yield of char decreased from 26% at 400°C to approximately 20% at 600°C. Acetic acid and levoglucosan were identified as the main components of the pyrolysis oil. The char obtained at 500°C was physically activated at 900°C for 3 h with CO2. The adsorption capacity of the activated char was investigated with model compounds, such as methyl orange, methylene blue, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the activated char was similar to that of commercial activated carbon produced from peat. The higher heating value of the produced gas stream calculated at 400°C was 19.59 MJ/Nm3. Also, conventional slow pyrolysis (CSP) and microwave‐assisted pyrolysis (MAP) technologies were compared to determine the differences in terms of products yields, composition and characteristics of the pyrolysis oil, and their potential applications. The CSP yields higher liquid products than MAP. Also, the pyrolysis oil obtained from the CSP had significantly more levoglucosan and acetic acid compared to that of the MAP.
Quantification of powder holdups in the presence of a cavity with lateral gas–powder injection in a packed bed
Authors: Lakshminarasimha Shrutee , Maurya Abhinav , Gupta Govind Sharan , Arun Chaitanya Gadi Venkat
Published: May 2022

The lateral flow of gas–powder through a packed bed in a cold model is studied to understand the flow and holdup behaviour of powder in the presence of a cavity, nozzle (tuyere) protrusion, and decreasing gas condition, a system used in the ironmaking blast furnace. Experiments conducted in the current study included a two‐dimensional (2D) slot‐type packed bed. A previously published mass balance and elutriation velocity concept formed the basis for accurately quantifying the static and dynamic powder holdups. Experiments conducted under different conditions such as powder size and flux, gas flow rate, and packed particle density and size resulted in quantifying the powder holdups. The pressure drop in both horizontal and vertical directions is studied in all two‐phase flow experiments. The formation of the static holdup with time in the packed bed is studied. The reproducibility of the experiments was confirmed. The static holdup inside the packed bed at various locations along the vertical direction (i.e., height) is also quantified. The static holdup correlation developed based on experimental data resulted in a 95% confidence interval. Static powder holdup increases with a decrease in the superficial gas velocity, an increase in the size of the powder particle, and powder flux. Dynamic holdup also showed a similar trend.
An ArmurMimus multimodal biometric system for Khosher authentication
Authors: Bokade Gayatri Umakant , Kanphade Rajendra D.
Published: May 2022

One of the basic requirements of our modern day society is personal authentication. Biometric recognition should make a human‐like identity determination by identifying its physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. In comparison to traditional knowledge‐based approaches, biometric identification systems have the potential to bring benefits. However, because of the difficulties in extracting non‐class discriminative features, the lack of protection during storage of extracted features, and poor recognition accuracy, most frequently used biometric systems lack model protection and robustness. This research proposed a Mimus multimodal biometric system focused on the combination of multiple modalities and optimal level fusion of features to resolve these problems. Initially, the novel Blob‐funk method extracts the complementary non‐class discriminatory information among different modalities, which accomplishes the biometric data enrollment. Thus, it extracts the different properties by comparing surrounding regions based on finding the local maxima and minima of the function. After extracting the features, they need to be stored in a secure manner in a database. Therefore, the paper incorporates the new code block protection strategy to achieve an effectual protection of continuous monitoring via the generation of non‐invertible features, which is used to create the templates, thus storing them in a database. Finally, the novel Lucynomial logistic regression system incorporates user authentication and thus achieves greater recognition accuracy through estimation of threshold value with confrontation of spoof attacks. Hence, compared to the existing techniques such as SVM, PCA, and DBN, the outcome of the proposed work attains 97.53% accuracy, 0.020% FAR, 96.44% recall, and 97.85% precision, thus exemplifying the competence of the novel system.
Reaction Cycle of Operating Pump Protein Studied with Single‐Molecule Spectroscopy**
Authors: Talele Saurabh , King John T.
Published: May 2022

Biological machinery relies on nonequilibrium dynamics to maintain stable directional fluxes through complex reaction cycles. For such reaction cycles, the presence of microscopically irreversible conformational transitions of the protein, and the accompanying entropy production, is of central interest. In this work, we use multidimensional single‐molecule fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy to measure the forward and reverse conformational transitions of bacteriorhodopsin during trans‐membrane H+ pumping. We quantify the flux, affinity, enthalpy and entropy production through portions of the reaction cycle as a function of temperature. We find that affinity of irreversible conformational transitions decreases with increasing temperature, resulting in diminishing flux and entropy production. We show that the temperature dependence of the transition affinity is well fit by the Gibbs‐Helmholtz relation, allowing the ΔHtrans to be experimentally extracted.
Sectioning and Counting of Motor Neurons in the L3 to L6 Region of the Adult Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Austin Adele , Beresford Lynn , Price Georgia , Cunningham Tom , Kalmar Bernadett , Yon Marianne
Published: May 2022

Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. This protocol permits the generation of frozen transverse sections of lumbar spinal cord regions L3 to L6. It enables counting of murine ventral horn lumbar motor neurons in a reproducible manner. Methods include spinal column dissection, hydraulic extrusion, and histological processing. The preparation for cryo‐sectioning includes embedding lumbar spinal cord in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium. The correct orientation of the tissue is critical as calculating the amount of tissue to discard saved time overall. Specific details regarding section thickness and mounting are described. These requirements not only allow optimum coverage of specific regions but also ensure that no individual motor neuron was counted twice. The Nissl bodies of the motor neurons were stained using gallocyanin. The sections obtained are all of a comparable area and quality assurance is consistent. The specificity of the staining enables the scientist to identify and reliably quantify lumbar motor neurons. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Euthanasia of mouse and isolation of spinal cord

Basic Protocol 2: Hydraulic extrusion of the spinal cord

Basic Protocol 3: Identification of the lumbar region

Basic Protocol 4: Embedding cord in OCT

Basic Protocol 5: Collection of frozen sections onto slides

Basic Protocol 6: Gallocyanin staining

Basic Protocol 7: Motor neuron counting
Single‐Cell Quantification of Triple‐AAV Vector Genomes Coexpressed in Neurons
Authors: Maturana Carola J. , Verpeut Jessica L. , Engel Esteban A.
Published: May 2022

Adeno‐associated viruses (AAVs) are one of the most widely used types of viral vectors for research and gene therapy. AAV vectors are safe, have a low immunogenic profile, and provide efficient and long‐term transgene expression in a variety of tissues and organs targeted by a specific serotype. Despite these unique features, therapeutic applications, as well as basic research studies, of AAVs have been limited by their packaging capacity of less than 5 kb. Multiple strategies have been explored to deliver large genes. One strategy is to split large transgenes into two or three fragments and package them into separate AAV capsids, generating dual or triple AAV vectors. Combining the fragments potentially allows reconstitution of an mRNA transcript containing the complete sequence of transgene in the same cell. The success of AAVs as vectors for the delivery of large or multiple genes depends directly on the efficiency of co‐transduction. Here, we describe a method to measure the efficacy of codelivery, quantifying the number of AAV vectors per cell. We detail how to calculate the average number of incoming AAV genomes in neurons, given the distribution of cell fluorescence across in vitro and in vivo experimental models. To validate the method, we simulated a triple AAV strategy using three fluorescent‐protein‐encoding genes. We provide a general protocol for constructing plasmids and producing and purifying AAV vectors. We also include a protocol for triple AAV vector co‐transduction in primary neuronal cultures and mouse brain. The method can be applied to multiple organs and tissues for the treatment of disorders caused by mutations in multiple or large genes. These protocols will be useful for researchers working to develop and improve new gene delivery technologies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 24 June 2022. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Construction of AAV plasmids and production of AAVs

Basic Protocol 2: AAV transduction of primary superior cervical ganglia (SCG) neuronal cultures

Basic Protocol 3: Mouse surgery, AAV injection, and tissue collection and processing

Basic Protocol 4: Image analysis and AAV genome quantification
Impact of established restorative practices in an urban high‐school environment
Authors: Watts Brad R. , Robertson Kelly
Published: May 2022

Programs based on restorative justice theory—also known as restorative practices—have gained popularity as a way of resolving conflicts in public‐school settings. To estimate the impact of restorative practices on an entire school population, this study uses a propensity score matching analysis approach to compare disciplinary and attendance outcome measures between students attending a school with established services and an equivalent comparison group drawn from another school building within the same school district. Both school buildings in the study are high schools that are part of the same midsized urban school district, located in the midwestern region of the United States. The study finds that students in the school with established restorative services had lower tardy rates, suspension rates, and absenteeism versus a matched comparison group drawn from the other school building in the district, which did not have established restorative services. Estimates of the difference in rates associated with being in a school with established restorative services versus a comparison group are provided.
Exploration of global faba bean germplasm for agronomic and nitrogen fixation traits
Authors: Boots‐Haupt L. , Brasier K. , Saldivar‐Menchaca R. , Estrada S. , Prieto‐Garcia J. , Jiang J. , Riar R. , Hu J. , Zakeri H.
Published: May 2022

The growing regional and global interests in legume crops for cover cropping and sustainable agriculture has provided new opportunities for growers to incorporate faba bean (Vicia faba L.) into their production systems. Much of faba bean's potential, especially in the western United States, is rooted in its high N fixation potential compared with other cultivated legumes. However, faba bean production is currently hindered by existing markets, regional agronomic extension guides, and availability of regionally adapted cultivars. This experiment began the effort to bridge one of the three gaps by evaluating 63 regionally and globally derived plant materials for agronomic and N fixation traits in four environments in California's Central Valley. The experiment observed significant (P ≤ .05) genotype × environment interactions for all faba bean N and agronomic except % of N derived from the atmosphere, harvest index, and 100‐seed weight. Further, we found opportunities to leverage global germplasm to increase or decrease the 100‐seed weight and days to flowering in locally adapted plant materials. Finally, this experiment identified trait‐trait‐associations that provide both opportunities and challenges to improving screening efficiencies (e.g., link between N yield and 100‐seed weight in Chico2019 [r = 0.57; P ≤ .001] and in Fresno2020 [r = 0.51; P ≤ .001]). This work sets a framework for regional faba bean cultivar development work in the western United States.
Effect of Ozone Treatment Exposure Time on Oxidative Stability of Cream Milk
Authors: Perna Annamaria , Gambacorta Emilio , Simonetti Amalia , Grassi Giulia , Scopa Antonio
Published: May 2022

Milk cream is a fluid milk product comparatively rich in fat, in the form of an emulsion of fat‐in‐skimmed milk, obtained by physical separation from milk, and widely used in the food industry. This study aims to evaluate the consequences of ozone treatment exposure time on lipid oxidation of milk cream, using peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods. Ozonation process significantly affects PV and TBARS value (P < 0.05), in particular, the lipid oxidation increases with the ozone exposure time. The color characteristics (L*, a*, and b* values) of milk cream samples are also affected by ozone treatment (P < 0.05); the decrease of color parameters can be related to carotenoids degradation due to ozone treatment.

Practical applications: Although ozone treatment is an extremely useful method to reduce the microbiological load of foods, the duration of ozone treatment is a key factor to determine the capacity of the ozonation process to balance microbial and chemical quality of foods.
Greener Synthesis of Pyrroloquinazoline Derivatives: Recent Advances
Authors: Moreira Natália M. , dos Santos Jhonathan R. N. , Corrêa Arlene G.
Published: May 2022

Quinazoline derivatives draw attention from a synthetic and medicinal chemistry point of view, given the wide range of biological activities already described. This class of fusedN‐heterocyclic compounds has also shown its importance and potential pharmacological application. This Review covers the contributions reported in the last ten years for the synthesis of pyrroloquinazoline derivatives, focusing on greener protocols to obtain these adducts, such as multicomponent reactions, photocatalysis, microwaves, electrosynthesis among others.
Liquid crystals purity assay using nonaqueous capillary electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Čokrtová Kateřina , Křížek Tomáš
Published: May 2022

A method for purity control of newly synthesized lactic acid–based liquid crystals has been developed. The electrokinetic chromatography proved to be suitable for the separation of these electroneutral substances from their impurities. The separations were performed in an acidic acetonitrile‐based background electrolyte (BGE) with a pseudostationary phase formed by a cationic surfactant. During the optimization step, appropriate concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, acetic acid, and water were seeked. In the optimized method, separations were carried out in acetonitrile with 1‐mol/L acetic acid, 80‐mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and 6% (v/v) water. Interesting positive effects of a small water content in the BGE on electroosmotic flow and resolution of liquid crystal substances from their impurities were observed and discussed. Samples of five liquid crystal substances, both pure and containing impurities from synthesis, were analyzed. The identification of analytes was based on a comparison of relative migration times related to the migration time of mesityl oxide.

For all five samples, impurities were separated from the liquid crystals and the method thus showed its viability. To the best of our knowledge, this method is used for the first time for the purity control of newly synthesized liquid crystals. This method can be used to confirm or complement the results obtained by commonly used high‐performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography methods. Furthermore, the electrokinetic chromatography method requires very small amounts of sample, solvents, and buffer constituents. Overall, its operational costs are significantly lower.
Seismic performance of Eurocode‐compliant ductile steel MRFs
Authors: Tartaglia Roberto , D'Aniello Mario , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: May 2022

Steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are drift‐sensitive structures and their design is largely influenced by code requirements to limit the lateral displacements and to control the second order effects. Current and next generation of Eurocode 8 recommend different rules to verify the lateral rigidity and resistance of steel MRFs that lead to structures that are substantially different in terms of size of members and overall performance. In order to investigate the influence of the design rules on the seismic behaviour of ductile steel MRFs a parametric numerical study was carried out on 48 structures designed according to Eurocodes as well as US codes, the latter analysed as benchmark, varying the number of storeys, moment resisting spans and seismic intensity. The results of non‐linear static and dynamic analyses show that the structures complaint with current Eurocode 8 are the most expensive and characterised by the greater lateral rigidity and resistance, while MRFs designed in accordance with ASCE7 rules have the smaller profiles and the lower overstrength. The frames designed with rules of the latest version of next generation of Eurocode 8 have an intermediate behaviour even if closer to ASCE7‐compliant structures. These results are also confirmed by the probability of collapse that is smaller than the minimum value specified by EN1990 for the considered consequence class of the examined buildings.
A comparative investigation of different exchange‐correlation functionals oriented prediction of structural, electronic, optical, and transport properties of the novel quaternary LiTiCoSn
Authors: Abraham Jisha Annie , Sharma Ramesh , Dar Sajad Ahmed , Chowdhury Suman
Published: May 2022

The ground state structural, mechanical, electronic, vibrational, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the newly synthesized quaternary LiTiCoSn compound is deliberated elaborately with the help of ab‐initio tactics formulated under the framework of density functional theory. The calculated results of equilibrium structural parameters are observed to be in fairly good agreement with the available similar theoretical as well as experimental data. Structural optimization has been done for three diverse crystal structure configurations that is, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. After studying optimization curves, it is found that Type 2 crystal structure is the most stable structure for this compound as it possesses the minimum energy. The structural stability of this compound has been explored using three different exchange correlation functions that is, PBE‐GGA, WC‐GGA, and PBE‐sol GGA for better understanding. It is found from our studies that the inclusion of the electronic exchange‐correlation through the newly developed Trans‐Blaha modified Beck‐Johnson potential (TB‐mBJ) along with PBE‐GGA expands the portrayal of the obtained electronic band plots. Insertion of TB‐mBJ potential vintages an indirect energy gap (Γ–X) of 1.052 eV for the studied compound, which reveals its semiconducting nature. Also, the elastic constants () and the associated elastic moduli confirm its stability in the cubic phase and demonstrate its brittle nature. Furthermore, spectral dependency of dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy loss function, and optical conductivity on incident electromagnetic radiations up to 8 eV are also studied. The maximum power factor for the studied LiTiCoSn compound is obtained as 7.35 mWm−1 K−2 at room temperature, which increases to 17.10 mWm−1 K−2 at 700 K and 22.50 mWm−1 K−2 at 1200 K, respectively. So LiTiCoSn can be a novel sort of intriguing thermoelectric material as well as it can be used in optoelectronic and energy harvesting devices.
One‐step hydrothermal method produced all graphene fiber electrode for high‐performance supercapacitor
Authors: Tang Qian , Li Liang , Guo Kunkun , Zhu Rui , Liu Mingkai , Chen Xuli
Published: May 2022

With the popularity of wearable and flexible electronics, developing wearable electrodes and energy storage systems is highly desired. Herein, high‐performance reduced graphene oxide (RGO) fiber electrode is synthesized by an efficient one‐step hydrothermal method. Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) dispersion with an ordered lyotropic nematic liquid crystal structure is prepared to assemble fibers without the aid of any supporting surfactants or polymers. The shaping and reducing processes of GO dispersion into RGO fiber are effectively condensed together through hydrothermal reaction in a capillary. The produced RGO fiber electrode, without any extra active material, exhibits excellent energy storage performance. The specific capacitance reaches 246.01 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the energy storage performance is cyclically stable with capacitance retention of 90.80% after 100 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, it also possesses excellent flexibility, with 98.94% of the capacitance maintained after bending 10 000 times. Beyond supercapacitor, the produced all graphene fiber with excellent performance can be well applied to develop various flexible fiber energy systems and wearable electronics.
Transforming growth factor‐beta signaling modulates perineurial glial bridging following peripheral spinal motor nerve injury in zebrafish
Authors: Arena Kimberly A. , Zhu Yunlu , Kucenas Sarah
Published: May 2022

Spinal motor nerves are necessary for organismal locomotion and survival. In zebrafish and most vertebrates, these peripheral nervous system structures are composed of bundles of axons that naturally regenerate following injury. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate this process are still only partially understood. Perineurial glia, which form a component of the blood‐nerve barrier, are necessary for the earliest regenerative steps by establishing a glial bridge across the injury site as well as phagocytosing debris. Without perineurial glial bridging, regeneration is impaired. In addition to perineurial glia, Schwann cells, the cells that ensheath and myelinate axons within the nerve, are essential for debris clearance and axon guidance. In the absence of Schwann cells, perineurial glia exhibit perturbed bridging, demonstrating that these two cell types communicate during the injury response. While the presence and importance of perineurial glial bridging is known, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process remain a mystery. Understanding the cellular and molecular interactions that drive perineurial glial bridging is crucial to unlocking the mechanisms underlying successful motor nerve regeneration. Using laser axotomy and in vivo imaging in zebrafish, we show that transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling modulates perineurial glial bridging. Further, we identify connective tissue growth factor‐a (ctgfa) as a downstream effector of TGF‐β signaling that works in a positive feedback loop to mediate perineurial glial bridging. Together, these studies present a new signaling pathway involved in the perineurial glial injury response and further characterize the dynamics of the perineurial glial bridge.
Trajectories of brain entropy across lifetime estimated by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Niu Yan , Sun Jie , Wang Bin , Yang Yanli , Wen Xin , Xiang Jie
Published: May 2022

The human brain is a complex system of interconnected brain regions that form functional networks with differing roles in cognition and behavior. However, the trajectories of these functional networks across development are unclear and designing a metric to track the complex trajectory of these characteristics throughout the lifespan is challenging. Here, permutation entropy (PE) was used to examine age‐related variations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects aged 6–85 from global, network, and nodal perspectives. The global PE followed an inverted U‐shaped trajectory that peaked at approximately age 40. The trajectory of the motor and somatosensory functional network was more consistent with a linear model and increased with age; other functional networks showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories that peaked between 25 and 52 years of age. All nodes showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories. Using cluster analysis, the peak ages of nodes were grouped into three clusters (at 24, 38, and 51 years). Overall, we characterized four aging trajectories: networks with a linear increase, early peak age, intermediate peak age, and older peak age. These findings suggest possible complexity in trajectories at critical age points regarding changes in related functional brain networks.
Changes in white matter functional networks during wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Shilei , Liu Jiayi , Zou Guangyuan , Jiang Jun , Jiang Binghu , Cao Wentian , Zou Qihong
Published: May 2022

Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals in the white matter (WM) have been demonstrated to encode neural activities by showing structure‐specific temporal correlations during resting‐state and task‐specific imaging of fiber pathways with various degrees of correlations in strength and time delay. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown state‐dependent functional connectivity and regional amplitude of signal fluctuations in brain gray matter across wakefulness and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep cycles. However, the functional characteristics of WM during sleep remain unknown. Using simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data during wakefulness and NREM sleep collected from 66 healthy participants, we constructed 10 stable WM functional networks using clustering analysis. Functional connectivity between these WM functional networks and regional amplitude of WM signal fluctuations across multiple low‐frequency bands were evaluated. In general, decreased WM functional connectivity between superficial and middle layer WM functional networks was observed from wakefulness to sleep. In addition, functional connectivity between the deep and cerebellar networks was higher during light sleep and lower during both wakefulness and deep sleep. The regional fluctuation amplitude was always higher during light sleep and lower during deep sleep. Importantly, slow‐wave activity during deep sleep negatively correlated with functional connectivity between WM functional networks but positively correlated with fluctuation strength in the WM. These observations provide direct physiological evidence that neural activities in the WM are modulated by the sleep–wake cycle. This study provided the initial mapping of functional changes in WM during sleep.
Feasibility of immediate removal of urinary catheter after laparoscopic gynecological surgery for benign diseases: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fu Chun‐Yan , Wan Li , Shen Pei‐Ying , Wang Li‐Zhong
Published: May 2022

Background

The proper time for removing the urinary catheter after gynecologic laparoscopy is unclear.

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of immediate catheter removal after benign gynecologic laparoscopy.

Search Strategy

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to November 30, 2021.

Selection Criteria

Only randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese comparing immediate versus delayed catheter removal after gynecologic laparoscopy for benign diseases were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (PUR). A random effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Main Results

Six studies were included in this meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in PUR between immediate and delayed catheter removal (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.37–6.18), but the evidence was of very low quality. Subgroup analysis according to the type of surgery showed a higher rate of PUR with immediate removal after hysterectomy than after other surgeries. Immediate removal was associated a lower incidence of urinary tract infection and a shorter time to mobilization compared with delayed removal.

Conclusions

Immediate removal of the urinary catheter is feasible and beneficial after benign gynecologic laparoscopy.
Placenta accreta spectrum—A single‐center retrospective observational cohort study of multidisciplinary management over time
Authors: Uddén Alice , Carlsson Ylva , Karlsson Ove , Peeker Ralph , Svanvik Teresia
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate whether the results of a previous study that showed a decrease in blood loss and transfusions with a multidisciplinary approach, including a fixed team when delivering women diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, remained low throughout time, and to investigate hospital stay and maternal and neonatal complications during a time period with varying team structure compared with previous periods.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study comparing data from medical records including three cohorts of women diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum between October 2003 and December 2020. Cohort 1 consisted of women delivered before the multidisciplinary approach was introduced. Cohort 2 and cohort 3 were both managed in a multidisciplinary manner, but while cohort 2 was managed by a fixed team, cohort 3 was managed by several different senior specialists. The data were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis test.

Results

Blood loss and need for transfusion were significantly lower for cohort 3 and cohort 2 compared with cohort 1. No significant difference was found between cohort 3 and cohort 2.

Conclusion

The multidisciplinary management and surgical method employed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital have lowered blood loss and the need for transfusions, even over time.
Coexisting overactive–underactive bladder and detrusor overactivity–underactivity in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Frigerio Matteo , Barba Marta , Cola Alice , Spelzini Federico , Milani Rodolfo , Manodoro Stefano
Published: May 2022

Objective

The coexisting overactive–underactive bladder (COUB) syndrome could be related to the increased urethral resistance caused by severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We aimed to evaluate the clinical and urodynamic findings of patients with COUB and/or detrusor overactivity–underactivity (DOU) in a cohort of patients scheduled for POP surgery and the possible risk factors of COUB after surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed all patients who underwent POP repair between 2008 and 2013, excluding women with a history of pelvic floor surgery. Patients were divided into COUB and non‐COUB according to baseline symptoms and into DOU and non‐DOU based on urodynamic findings. A multivariate model was performed to identify risk factors for COUB symptoms after surgery.

Results

A total of 533 women underwent POP surgery. Preoperatively, patients with COUB had more severe anterior compartment prolapse (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging system Aa point, P = 0.008) and more frequently had overactive bladder compared with controls (P = 0.023). The rate of COUB decreased significantly after surgery. Preoperative opening detrusor pressure resulted as the only independent predictor of postoperative COUB symptoms (P = 0.034).

Conclusion

POP is a valid pathogenetic model for COUB development. POP repair induced a significant decrease in COUB symptoms with low opening detrusor pressure resulting as the only independent predictor of postoperative COUB.
Efficacy of pembrolizumab rechallenge for metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Nishimura Nobutaka , Miyake Makito , Shimizu Takuto , Tachibana Akira , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Before the approval of enfortumab vedotin, no standard treatment was available as the salvage treatment for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who had failed second‐line or later pembrolizumab. Pembrolizumab rechallenge is one of the options for these patients, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of pembrolizumab rechallenge. We report three patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab rechallenge and discuss rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors in other malignancies.

Case presentation

This study included three cases treated with pembrolizumab rechallenge with the age of 54 (Case 1), 78 (Case 2), and 67 (Case 3) years old. A complete response to the prior pembrolizumab was observed only in Case 1. However, no patients responded to the pembrolizumab rechallenge.

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab rechallenge is not recommended in the current clinical setting of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, even for patients who showed complete response to the prior pembrolizumab.
Training soccer goalkeeping skills: Is video modeling enough?
Authors: Capalbo Alexandra , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Cook Jennifer L.
Published: May 2022

Scant literature exists assessing the effectiveness of video modeling (VM) alone in the sports literature. Further evaluations of VM to improve sports skills is warranted because VM is an accessible and efficient procedure that has successfully improved skills in other fields of practice (e.g., staff training, medical procedures). Additionally, behavior analysts have not evaluated interventions for improving goalkeeping skills for individual soccer players. Therefore, we replicated the 1 behavior‐analytic sports study on VM (Quinn et al., 2020), using a multiple baseline design across behaviors to evaluate the effects of VM and VM + video feedback (VF) to train 3 goalkeeper skills to two 9‐year‐old soccer players. The results showed that, although VM had some effect on performance compared to baseline, VM + VF resulted in the robust outcomes necessary for proficient performance of the goalkeeper skills. We discuss the results and limitations.
Resilience during a great economic recession: Social and personal resources for youth's positive adaptation in the school context
Authors: Motti‐Stefanidi Frosso , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Mastrotheodoros Stefanos , Asendorpf Jens B.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Greece was hit particularly hard by the latest economic recession.

Method

Using a quasi‐experimental design, we examined whether and how psychosocial resources promoted and/or protected youth's school adjustment (academic achievement, school engagement, and conduct) and psychological well‐being (absence of emotional symptoms) during the economic crisis. We focused on three family resources (family economic well‐being, parental education, and school involvement) and one personal resource (self‐efficacy). Data were collected with multiple methods and informants. We compared two cohorts of adolescents, closely matched through Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting, who lived in the same neighborhoods, one before (2005; N = 1057; age M = 12.7 years) and the other during (2013; N = 1052; age M = 12.6 years) the economic recession.

Results

Variable‐ and person‐focused analyses revealed that in the context of the economic recession parental education and parental school involvement promoted and/or protected youth's school adjustment, and families' economic wellbeing was linked to both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Another key finding is that youth who exhibited positive adaptation during the economic crisis were equally well adjusted as youth who were well adjusted before the economic crisis, even though they had fewer resources. Finally, youth with more adequate psychosocial resources were able to keep the same high level of adaptation during the crisis as well‐adjusted youth had before the crisis. The findings were robust regarding variations in gender and immigrant status.

Conclusion

The results suggest that psychosocial resources are important in understanding the diversity in youth's school adjustment and well‐being during a major economic crisis.
Assessment of professional self‐efficacy in psychological interventions and psychotherapy sessions: Development of the Therapist Self‐Efficacy Scale (T‐SES) and its application for eTherapy
Authors: Gori Alessio , Topino Eleonora , Brugnera Agostino , Compare Angelo
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study aimed to develop the Therapist Self‐Efficacy Scale (T‐SES), and test its validity in a sample of Italian mental health therapists, to assess their professional self‐efficacy concerning their practice of eTherapy in a synchronous video‐based setting.

Methods

A sample of 322 Italian mental health professionals (37.6% psychologists, 62.4% psychotherapists; Mage = 38.48, SD = 8.509) completed an online survey.

Results

The T‐SES showed a clear, one‐factor structure with good psychometric properties. Significant associations were found with insight orientation, general self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. The results showed no differences between psychologists and psychotherapists, or differences based on years of experience.

Conclusion

The T‐SES is an agile and versatile self‐report measure for mental health professionals to assess their self‐efficacy concerning their therapeutic activity, which can provide information for tailoring training for eTherapy.