bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Yuridis Penjatuhan Pidana Bersyarat dalam Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan terhadap Anak (Studi Putusan Nomor 344/Pid.Sus/2020/Pn.Mgl)
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Wahyudi Setya , Retnaningrum Dwi Hapsari
Published: May 2024

Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 344/ Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mgl, Majelis Hakim menjatuhkan pidana bersyarat kepada Terdakwa Suhaimy Bin Yurni  yang didakwa melakukan kekerasan terhadap anak Machmud Rifai Mustofa Alias Fai Bin Imam Mustofa (12 Tahun). Hakim menjatuhkan pidana bersyarat kepada terdakwa dirasa kurang tepat, seharusnya hakim memberikan pidana yang lebih maksimal kepada terdakwa agar memiliki efek jera dan tidak mengulangi perbuatannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hukum hakim dan mengetahui penerapan pidana bersyarat pada tindak pidana kekerasan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif, metode pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Spesifikasi penelitian yaitu preskriptif dengan sumber data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Metode pengumpulan menggunakan metode kepustakaan dengan metode pengolahan data berupa reduksi data, display data, dan kategorisasi data. Metode penyajian bahan hukum disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif, serta metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara melakukan interpretasi. Kesimpulan penelitian, hakim menjatuhkan pidana bersyarat berdasarkan faktor yuridis yaitu Pasal 14 a KUHP dan faktor non-yuridis keyakinan  hakim dan pertimbangan terhadap hal-hal yang meringankan terdakwa,hakim sesuai menerapkan pidana dengan ketentuan Pasal 14 a KUHP yang dalam penjelasannya bahwa pidana bersyarat dapat dijatuhkan kepada pelaku tindak pidana apabila pidana yang dijatuhkan oleh hakim tidak lebih dari 1 (satu) tahun.Kata Kunci: Pidana Bersyarat, Penganiayaan, Anak
Pengaturan Tata Kelola Big Data Untuk Sinkronisasi Penerapan Satu Data Indonesia Dan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik
Authors: Prastyo Brian Amy
Published: May 2024

Aneka peraturan perundang-undangan yang memberikan kewenangan kepada berbagai instansi pemerintah untuk menyelenggarakan sistem informasi berpotensi mengumpulkan dan mengolah data menjadi suatu Big Data. Namun situasi yuridis tersebut terindikasi telah mengakibatkan beberapa masalah seperti fragmentasi data, duplikasi data, ketidakoptimalan, dan hambatan berkolaborasi. Peraturan Presiden mengenai Satu Data Indonesia merupakan salah satu upaya regulatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Akan tetapi, substansi peraturan tersebut belum optimal untuk diterapkan dalam konteks pengelolaan Big Data, karena pendekatan pengumpulan data yang digunakan cenderung berbasis pengumpulan data yang telah terstruktur atau berbasis standar data. Selain itu, pengaturan tersebut juga belum memberi kepastian hukum dalam mewujudkan suatu ekosistem pengelolaan sistem informasi pemerintah yang bersifat terpadu atau tersinkronisasi. Lebih jauh lagi, pengaturan tersebut juga belum tampak menggambarkan keselarasan dengan pengaturan mengenai Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik. Dengan menerapkan metodologi penelitian hukum doktrinal, pada artikel ini diketengahkan argumen bahwa untuk mensinkronisasi penerapan Satu Data Indonesia dengan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, diperlukan pengaturan tentang tata kelola Big Data. Adapun pilihan pengaturan yang dapat dipertimbangkan terdiri atas model pengaturan terpusat, tersebar, atau hybrid.
PENERAPAN ASAS FREIES ERMESSEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN OLEH ADMINISTRASI NEGARA BERDASARKAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
Authors: Hartini Sri , Budiyono Budiyono , Kunarti Siti , Haryanto Tenang , Suyadi Suyadi , Kartono Kartono
Published: May 2024

Penerapan Asas Freies Ermessen Dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan Oleh Administrasi Negara Berdasarkan Hukum Administrasi Negara  Merupakan  suatu kebebasan yang diberikan kepada tata usaha negara dalam melakukan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Sehingga Freies Ermessen merupakan kemerdekaan bertindak atas inisiatif dan kebijakan sendiri dari administrasi negara. Keberadaanya  yang lain karena adanya suatu peningkatan akan  tuntutan pelayanan publik yang harus di berikan tata usaha negara terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi pada warga memiliki keberagaman, dan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan yang mendesak yang belum ada aturannya  dan harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum dan moral.
Riesgo a la salud de la población por inhalación de PM2.5 en la República Mexicana
Authors: Flores Ortiz Angélica , López Monroy José , Jiménez Núñez María de la Luz , Díaz Godoy Raúl Venancio , Martínez Jiménez Ana Laura , Llanes Nevárez María de los Ángeles
Published: May 2024

México no está exento de la creciente preocupación mundial por el incremento de la contaminación atmosférica y sus efectos nocivos para la salud, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el índice de riesgo a la salud por inhalación de partículas suspendidas menores a 2.5 μm (PM2.5) presentes en la atmósfera de la República Mexicana. Para ello, se revisó la cantidad de redes de monitoreo atmosférico que existen en la república (36) y cuántas de ellas contaban con datos disponibles sobre PM2.5 (9), así como con datos meteorológicos (dirección y velocidad del viento, temperatura) durante el periodo 2016-2019. Se elaboraron cuadros de datos para cada una de las redes de los estados de la república y con ellas se determinó el comportamiento espacial de las PM2.5 y de las variables meteorológicas. Se calculó el índice de riesgo a la salud y se determinó que los sitios con mayor índice de riesgo por inhalación de PM2.5 fueron, en primer lugar, San Cristóbal en el Estado de México, y en segundo lugar Xalostoc en la Ciudad de México.
 Human Computer Interaction Research
Authors: Abuel Afieh Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Abstract In This research we will describe how to deal the system with users to make the work in the company or in any work space . in application forms interact with users inside the system . application form of any system must creates a many graphical interface for user ant we should take care about who is dealing with the system , Additionally, application forms used from different type of user so that we must take care about this points during designing the system for different users . Application Forms in the system consists of many programs, or components and function we are designing it. the instructions inside program can be execute by clicking on the command button and we can create specific process in the system.
Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 Immunity in the Context of the Pathogenesis of COVID‐19, Immune Evasion of the Virus, and the Effectiveness of Vaccination
Authors: Akkiz Hikmet
Published: May 2024

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 emerged in December 2019, significant research has been conducted around the world to understand the virus- and vaccine-generated immune response, and to identify the drivers of severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Although viral tropism is largely limited to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe COVID-19 disease, which is characterized by multiorgan failure and permanent cognitive disorders. The combined effects of virus-mediated inhibition of host antiviral mechanisms and the recognition of pathogen-associated molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the main drivers in the pathogenesis of severe disease. The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 by limiting the entry of the virus into the host cell, suppressing viral replication, detecting virus-infected cells, and accelerating the formation of the adaptive immune response. The adaptive immune system is composed of two basic cells, B and T cells, which serve different but complementary functions in viral infections. Although the critical role of adaptive immunity in clearing SARS-CoV-2 infection is well known, its function in the development of virus-induced immunopathogenesis remains poorly understood. The basic characteristic of the humoral immune response is the creation of specific antibodies to each foreign antigen encountered. Antibodies that sense pathogens are classified as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (non-nAbs) based on their capacity to neutralize pathogens and inhibit membrane fusion. While nAbs exert their activities by blocking ACE2-dependent viral entry into host cells and neutralizing pathogens, the functions of non-nAbs are often undetectable. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and mucosal tissues varies with the stage and severity of the COVID-19 infection. Although current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust antibody responses, this effect decreases over time, due to the weakening of immunity and the emergence of novel variants that evade the antibody response, such as Delta and Omicron. SARS-CoV-2 may evade host innate immune surveillance by minimizing host recognition and interfering with cellular immune signaling. In this review article, the central role of host immune responses in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail in the light of novel knowledge.
Laparoscopic Placement Of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter – A Decade Of A Tertiary Single Center Experience
Authors: Iorga Cristian , Iorga Cristina Raluca , Andreiana Iuliana , Stancu Simona Hildegard , Bengulescu Iustinian , Constantin Traian , Strambu Victor
Published: May 2024

Abstract:. Background/Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis as a form of renal function sub-stitution is not as widespread as hemodialysis.
However, it has recognized advantages such as preservation of the residual renal func-tion, no need for vascular access , can be performed at home, but requires a proper in-sertion of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter and maintaining its patency.
Methods: We presented a 10-year retrospective study on a group of 133 patients hos-pitalized for peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion/replacement.
We routinely implant the catheter laparoscopically, but there were cases in which the insertion was performed open route.
We analyzed the patient group by age and gender criteria, number of complications and time when they appeared, duration of surgical intervention and the surgical technique used (126 were performed laparoscopically and 7 were inserted via open route). The open technique was performed mainly in patients with contraindications of general anesthesia.
Results: We encountered a number of 23 complications in 18 patients, in only 1 case the patient was switched to permanent hemodialysis (at his own wish).
We highlighted in the study the indisputable advantages of laparoscopy, supported by the results obtained: correct placement of the catheter, the possibility of adhesiolysis, preservation of the peritoneal surface through minor op-erative trauma, low number of complications(bleeding, migration, hernia 0,8%, leakage 4%, lower than those found in the literature). Even if infection was the most frequent complication (peritonitis 35%, catheter exit site infection 30.4%), only 1 case appered in the pretraining period.
All complications were managed by medical treatment or by temporary cessation of peritoneal lavage, except of two cases that required reimplantation of the catheter.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic catheter insertion for PD is a safe method, with reduced post-procedural complications, thus ensuring a long duration of the functionality of the catheter.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Purposes: Applications, Techniques, and Improvement
Authors: Ding Ziqi , Huang Yongqi
Published: May 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an increasingly important therapeutic modality in recent years, with applications in oncology, hematology, and immunology. This review discusses the production of therapeutic mAbs, including the various types of mAbs (murine, chimeric, humanized, and fully human), their key applications, and the techniques used for their production, including hybridoma technology, single B cell antibody technology, and phage display technology. The review then proposes advanced techniques to overcome them. These include microfluidic sorting, alternative expression systems (including plants, bacteria, and yeast, and cell-free production systems), and the development of complex antibody formats like bi-specific monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, antibody-drug conjugates, and nanobody development. These advanced techniques promise to enhance the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of mAb production, paving the way for more effective therapeutic applications. This review highlights the theoretical significance of integrating innovative technologies to overcome existing challenges in mAb production, ultimately advancing the field of precision medicine.
Biological Activity of Ziziphus Spina-Christi with Special Reference to Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Sabir Mohammed Ibrahim Saied , Hussein Hagir Medani
Published: May 2024

Ziziphus spina-christi commonly known as Christ’s thorn Jujube from the family (Rhamnaceae). The leaves are applied as Bandaged for wounds and are helpful in liver diseases, asthma and fever, it was found to have antimicrobial activity against different organisms. The aim of this study is to assess anti-microbial activity of leaves extract of Z. spina-christi and compare biological activity of the plant. spina-christi dry leave was extracted with 95% methanol and fractionated with Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and aqueous extract. Antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was tested against E. coli, S. para typhi B and C. albicans. Literature of the antimicrobial activity of the plant were collected and analyzed.Antimicrobial activity of Z. spina-christi leaves extracts showed negative result on fungal species C. albicans. Negative results were observed with bacteria Salmonella para typhi B and aqueous extract formed slight inhibition zone with E. coli. Result obtained was in contrast with that reported in the literature this is might be due to the different environmental condition affecting plant material.Z.spina-christi was found to have anti-bacterial effect Further studies are needed to assess its clinical safety and biological effect in vivo inside animals and human.
METHODOLOGY AND FEATURES OF RESEARCH OF FILTRATION PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED DEEP-SEATED ROCKS
Authors: Zimin Oleh , Zezekalo Ivan
Published: May 2024

As a result of the depletion of conventional hydrocarbon reserves, there is a need to explore deposits at great depths and under difficult geological conditions. This requires the improvement of technologies for studying rocks and fluids using computer modeling systems and laboratory equipment. Laboratory modeling of the processes occurring in rocks during drilling, development, stimulation or various chemical treatments plays a significant role in modern hydrocarbon production, as it reduces the number of errors at the design stage of field development or methods of impacting productive formations. There are a number of well-known manufacturers of laboratory equipment that model filtration processes in rocks, but any system has both advantages and disadvantages. To implement the tasks of studying filtration processes in rocks, technologies for the development of compacted and conventional reservoirs, stimulation methods and physical and chemical effects in hydrocarbon production, filtration equipment has been developed that allows for standard and special studies of rock core material. The first low-pressure unit allows for fast and accurate measurements of porosity and permeability at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 120℃. In addition to filtration processes, the equipment allows for evaluation studies of the impact of various chemical solutions, drilling and other process fluids on natural and artificial cores in scientific and industrial research. For the study of rocks and fluids in reservoir conditions, a filtration system has been developed that allows for all of the above studies at pressures up to 100 MPa and temperatures up to 200℃. The peculiarity of the developed equipment is high accuracy of measurements, automation of monitoring processes, corrosion-resistant design of the main components and assemblies, which allows conducting research in any aggressive environment. Laboratory studies allow avoiding mistakes in the design of new areas development, reducing drilling accidents and selecting effective technologies for rock impact.
INCREASE OF THE LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF WATER-CLAY DRILLING MUDS DURING INCLINED AND HORIZONTAL DRILLING
Authors: Dmytrenko Viktoriia , Diachenko Yuliia
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the antifracturing properties of natural oils: castor, hemp, rapeseed, soybean, mustard, sunflower, and corn. The results of the experiments are presented, which allow to evaluate the effect of the studied natural oils on the parameters of fresh, mineralized and saline-saturated water-clay drilling mud (density, rheological and structural-mechanical properties, pH level, filtration index, thickness and stickiness of the clay crust, lubrication coefficient). The experiment was conducted using the methodology of the American Petroleum Institute (according to API standards). It was established that in the fresh solution, rapeseed oil in concentrations of 1 and 3 % and sunflower oil in a concentration of 1 % showed the most effective lubricating properties, in a mineralized solution - sunflower oil with a concentration of 0.5 % and rapeseed oil with a concentration of 3 %, in a saline-saturated solution - rapeseed oil with a concentration of 1 %. Sunflower oil additives showed satisfactory test results only for fresh and mineralized water-clay drilling mud. Compared to sunflower oil, rapeseed oil showed itself when added to all the tested samples. It can be concluded that the introduction of rapeseed oil provides satisfactory anti-fracture and technological indicators for all types of solutions, therefore rapeseed oil was chosen as the basis of the lubricant additive. Technologically appropriate concentrations of oils are in the range from 1 to 3 %. At these oil concentrations, the negative side effect, in particular on the foaming of the solution, is to a lesser extent, the solutions are characterized by a stable consistency over time, and their lubricating properties are improved. The composition of a lubricating additive based on rapeseed oil was developed for the treatment of various types of water-clay drilling mud.
Comparing ecological models for assessing Rio Grande silvery minnow response to environmental flows
Authors: Harris Aubrey , AuBuchon Jonathan , Porter Michael
Published: May 2024

The proliferation of continuous streamflow monitoring and spatial data suitable for hydraulic modeling is increasing opportunities to use hydraulic habitat analysis to inform ecological models. However, species population and streamflow data exhibit high variability, making it challenging to identify hydrologic and hydraulic metrics that effectively correlate with ecological outcomes. Metric selection presents a challenge for informing environmental flow decisions and adaptive management of water infrastructure. This study applies models to characterize environmental flows with in-creasing model complexity, including the use of hydraulic models to estimate suitable habitat areas at a given flow. The results are compared to field-measured fish outcomes over the same period using functional data analysis. The variance in model correlation with ecological outcomes aids in identifying the most effective environmental flow parameters while also indicating potential pitfalls from increasing model complexity. This analysis demonstrates techniques that synthesize environmental flows with available habitat analysis and validates the approach. The case study is based on the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus, minnow), an endangered fish species in the Middle Rio Grande. Analysis focused on different methods to quantify spring runoff coinciding with the inundation of floodplain nursery habitat necessary for the minnow’s larval and juvenile life stages.
Enhanced electrochemical supercapacitors from the metal silicates (Zn, Mn, Ni and Co) by multi-step treatment of natural green algaes
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Mei Aoqi , Lv Tianming , Wang Xuchun , Jiang Hanmei
Published: May 2024

Metal-silicates (Zn, Mn, Ni and Co) were synthesized from natural green algaes (GAs) as supercapacitor electrodes. In this study, multi-step treatment with two kinds of porogenes was used to produce larger specific surface area and more abundant hierarchical pores. Firstly, GAs was treated with 1.0 M NaCl solution to prepare large pores. Secondly, metal-silicates were synthesized by the GAsusing hydrothermal reaction. Lastly, the as-synthesized samples were soaked in 3.0 M NaOH solution to obtain the products (m-C-MSi, M= Zn, Mn, Ni and Co). Compared with the composites without multi-step treatment, the synthetic materials in this research possess excellent electrochemical properties both as electrodes and as HSCs. This work proved that the multi-step treatment with porogenes is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of the metal-silicate supercapacitors.
The overlooked local air warming mitigation of potential tree restoration
Authors: Li Zhao-Liang , Li Yitao , Wu Hua , Liu Xiangyang , Lian Xu , Si Menglin , Li Jing , Zhou Chenghu , Tang Ronglin , Duan Sibo , Zhao Wei , Leng Pei , Song Xiaoning , Shi Qian , Zhao Enyu , Gao Caixia
Published: May 2024

Forestation, as a key component of Nature-based solutions, has the potential to cool or warm local climate through biophysical feedbacks, thereby enhancing or offsetting the global warming mitigation from carbon assimilation. Currently, the magnitude of such biophysical feedback on local climate remains unconstrained, as most previous observational studies rely on land surface temperature (Ts), rather than the policy-relevant air temperature (Ta). Based on multi-scale observational evidence, we show that Ta response to tree cover change is significantly lower, ranging from 15% to 30%, compared to Ts response, suggesting the overestimation of forestation’s local climate effect in previous Ts-based studies. In-situ observations further show that this discrepancy is attributed to the reduced aerodynamic resistance and the resultant flatter near-surface temperature profiles in forested areas. Despite the reduced Ta sensitivity, we find potential tree restoration in hotspot countries could still offer substantial climate benefits, which are equivalent to about 50% of the carbon sequestration-related cooling effects (biochemical effect) under the fully restored scenario. The biophysical cooling can be comparable to the biochemical effect in terms of daytime maximum temperature. Our Ta-based assessment underscores the strong potential of local climate mitigation from tree restoration practices, an aspect often overlooked in current forest-related pledges and policies against global warming.
Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol
Authors: Xiao Shan , Hong Ling , Liu Zhiqiang , Jia Rui , Zhang Hongzhan , Mo Meilan , Yang TuRui , Liu Su
Published: May 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin(Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a large private fertility practice. Patients with PCOS undergoing the GnRH-antagonist treatment between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 were included. Patients were classified into two groups depending on their Gn duration, ≤8 days （ n=501 ） and ＞ 8 days （ n=1326). The primary outcomes measures included the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rate between the two groups after fresh embryo transfer. In addition, the embryo quality was also evaluated.
Result(s): There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. However, the total Gn dosage was lower in PCOS women in the ≤8 days group. In addition, the oocytes retrieved,2PN embryos and D3 high quality embryos were compared between groups. The clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in the ≤8 days group in fresh embryo transfer（50.00% vs % 66.20%, 45.56% vs 59.08%,40.00% vs 56.49% ). After logistic regression, PCOS women with Gn duration ≤8 days were associated with poor clinical pregnancy，ongoing pregnancy and live birth rate.
Conclusion(s): PCOS women with shorter Gn duration(≤8 days) were not associated with impaired embryo outcomes in GnRH antagonist protocol. However, the shorter Gn stimulation was detrimental to clinical pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycle.
Characterizing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients aged 65 years and over, at risk of mobility disability: an observational trial (SARA-OBS)
Authors: Fielding Roger A , Rolland Yves , Bruyere Olivier , Desvarieux Moise , Donini Lorenzo M , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Tchalla Achille , Bonnefoy Marc , Rondanelli Mariangela , Maanen Rob van , Mariani Jean , Margalef Carole , Signore Susanna Del , Tourette Cendrine , Dioh Waly , Veillet Stanislas
Published: May 2024

Background
Aging is associated with a progressive change of body composition characterized by muscle mass decline and accumulation of adipose tissue that can lead to sarcopenia and obesity, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia is poorly known given the different parameters and thresholds in proposed definitions. The combination of obesity (defined as a percentage of body fat mass of >25% in men and >35% in women) and sarcopenia (SO) adds complexity to the characterization of this pathology. SARA-OBS aimed to better characterize sarcopenia (including SO) and its consequences on physical function over time, in community-dwelling older adults at risk of mobility disability, and to support the design of further interventional clinical trials.
Methods
This was an international, multicenter, 6-month observational study of men and women aged ≥65 years suffering from sarcopenia according to the Foundation for the National Institute of Health (FNIH) cut-offs for Sarcopenia and with a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) ≤ 8. The primary endpoint was the change in Gait Speed (GS) in the 400-meter walking test (400MWT), reported at baseline and at Month 6/ end of the study (EOS). Secondary endpoints included changes in handgrip strength (HGS), physical performance (6-Minute Walking Distance [6MWD], SPPB), the Physical Function Domain (PF-10) sub-score and total score of the SF-36 survey and the Sarcopenia and Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire.
Results
Overall, the mean (±SD) change from baseline to Month 6/EOS in 400MWT GS was -0.027±0.171 m/sec (p=0.064). Both GS and 6MWD decreased significantly in subgroup with GS ≥ 0.8 m/sec at baseline (‑0.047±0.185 m/sec; p=0.017 and -24.01±68.24 m; p=0.001, respectively). In subgroup with SPPB = 8 at baseline, 6MWD also decreased (-36.80±67.60 m; p<0.001). We observed a significant change from baseline for 6MWD in the SO subgroup (‑18.30±81.95 m; p=0.013). Neither HGS nor SarQoL changed significantly from baseline to Month 6/EOS.
Conclusions
SARA-OBS results contribute to define subgroups of older adults at risk of functional decline over 6 months, specifically subjects with SPPB = 8, affecting GS and the 6MWD. Additionally, the SO subpopulation exhibited a relevant deterioration in physical function as evaluated by the 6MWD.
Trial registration: NCT03021798 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Date of registration: 16/01/2017
Large field-of-view polychromatic metalens for full-color scanning fiber endoscopy
Authors: Majumdar Arka
Published: May 2024

Metalenses are a compelling solution to replace refractive lenses in miniaturized imaging systems such as endoscopes. The intrinsic ultrathin thickness and the ease for achieving arbitrarily small diameters facilitate miniaturization of endoscopic systems. This in turn, can potentially open doors for endoscopic applications in tightly confined spaces such as blood vessels and spinal cords. Despite these advantages, traditional metalenses face challenges due to their strong chromatic aberrations, limiting their utility in multi-color imaging. To address this limitation, we present an inverse-designed polychromatic metalens with a diameter of 680 µm and low dispersion across 3 distinct wavelengths 643 nm, 532 nm, and 444 nm,suitable for a tri-color scanning fiber endoscope. The metalens collimates and steers light emitted from a scanning ffber tip to provide illumination of red, green, and blue light, supporting tri-color imaging with a large field-of-view of 70◦. The metalens provides a close-to-diffraction-limited 0.5 ◦ angular resolution, only restricted by the effective aperture of the system. The average relative efficiency of the metalens for on-axis angle among 3 design wavelength is around 32%. This work holds promise for the application of metalenses in endoscopes and other miniaturized imaging systems.
Scaling forest restoration in the tropics: evidence from Brazil's Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact
Authors: Alix-Garcia Jennifer , Toto Roberto , Sims Katharine , Coutinho Bruno , Brenes Carlos Muñoz , Pugliese Ludmila , Mendes Alex
Published: May 2024

Forest restoration is a vital strategy to combat climate change, preserve biodiversity, and maintain ecosystem services. Yet, scarce evidence exists evaluating the impact of forest recovery interventions at scale. This study estimates the impact of the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact ("PACTO") on forest restoration in Brazil. Using spatial land cover and forest change data on private land from 2009 to 2019, we isolate the causal effect of PACTO through post-matching differences-in-differences estimation. We find that the intervention increased restored forest cover by 9-21 percentage points, likely because it helped to overcome key barriers faced by private landowners. Larger effects are associated with greater distance to cities and more state-level environmental enforcement. These findings demonstrate that large-scale forest restoration on private land is possible, but that low opportunity costs of competing land uses and complementary institutional environments play key roles in supporting these efforts.
Evaluation on outcomes of Diabetes Treatment Education Services (DTES) provided for patient with type 2 diabetes by pharmacists—Exploration on the transformation of service model of pharmacists in tertiary hospitals
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Ren Huijun , He Qin , Xu Min , Xi Hen , Luo Jiao , Liu Xu , Fu Kun
Published: May 2024

Objective
To provide reference for the transformation of pharmacists’ working mode from the outpatient pharmacists in the public hospitals to community pharmacists by studying the diabetes treatment education services (DTES) working mode of pharmacists in general hospital in China and evaluating the outcomes.
Methods
A RCT (randomized controlled trial, RCT) study was conducted on 318 patients with type 2 diabetes at the early stage by a Medication Therapy Management (MTM) team mainly built by the pharmacists in the general hospital. a comparison from the aspects of improvement of patients’ adherence, patients’ understanding of diabetes, treatment deviation, treatment outcomes and service satisfaction were evaluated to explore the outcomes of pharmacists’ intervention.
Results
318 patients took part in this trail. Compared with the control group, patients in the intervention group shown significant differences in the improvement of medication adherence, treatment outcomes, the self-management ability and the service satisfaction. In some aspects, it shown no significant difference and need further exploration. In addition, this paper discussed some communication methods with remarkable advantages by studying the effect of different communication ways applied to different groups of patients in terms of self-management requirements, and this has a practical significance for improving the working efficiency of the pharmacists.
Conclusion
The outpatient pharmacists realize an ideal effect for DTES for patients in this study and conclude a set of practical and cost-effective communication ways through the experimental results for reference by peers.
A graphene nanomechanical video receiver
Authors: Moser Joel , Zhang Ce , Zhang YuBin , Yang Chen , Lu Heng , Chen Fengnan , Yan Ying
Published: May 2024

Nanomechanical resonators driven by modulated signals combine the physics of mesoscopic vibrational states and the technologies of radio communication. Their simplest property stems from their resonant response: they behave as filters, only responding to driving signals whose frequency components lie well within their mechanical bandwidth. This entails that only narrowband signals may be processed by a mechanical resonator without incurring some distortion. Here, we demonstrate that graphene nanomechanical resonators can be employed as radio frequency receivers for digital video signals whose bandwidth is larger than or comparable to that of the mechanical response. By carefully adjusting the bandwidth and the carrier frequency of the signal, we transduce the electrical video signal into vibrations while minimizing distortion caused by the mechanical response. Surprisingly, we find that the digital bit stream from the video acts as a sensitive probe for detecting nanomechanical nonlinearities. Finally, we demonstrate a multichannel television broadcast mediated by nanomechanical vibrations. Our work brings mesoscopic vibrations into the world of video signal processing.
Development of sport-specific performance parameters during international pre-matches among adolescent basketball players
Authors: Gál-Pottyondy Anna , Meszaros Aron , Farkasinszki Gabor , Molnar Laszlo , Kiss Rita , Trzaskoma Lukasz
Published: May 2024

Background
Knowledge of physical performances in the light of match statistics could help to discover what skills make a basketball player successful. The present study aimed to investigate how age and gender affected the Game Related Performance variables (GRP) and find out the connections between GRP) data and game-related statistics (GRS).
Method
Seventeen U19, fifteen U16 boy, and thirteen U16 girl players from Hungarian national teams participated in this study. Players’ GRP data and GRS were collected from fifteen international pre-matches during the preparation training camps in 2023. GRP data were monitored with WIMU PRO™, RealTrack Systems SL, which included a Garmin band that monitors heart rate. The GRS were selected from the official box scores of International Basketball Federation. Depending on homogeneity and normality Mann-Whitney U Test, Welch T-Test, and independent-sample T-Test were used to analyse differences between different age groups and genders. The Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between the GRS and GRP.
Result
There was a significant difference in max-speed (p = 0.024), playing load/min (p = 0.008), average HR, (p = 0.009), jump/min (p = 0.001), and explosive distance/min (p = 0.001) between U16 girls and boys. The average speed (p = 0.015), maximal acceleration (p = 0.037), High Intensity acceleration/min (p = 0.001), and high-intensity Deceleration/min (p = 0.002) were significantly different between U19 and U16 boys. A weak and medium relationship between the GRS and the GRP measured were found. We concluded that AVGSpeed, MaxSpeed, ExplDis/min, HIAcc/min, and HIDec/min are discriminative physical parameters and the total distance, the number of jumps, and the pulse values are not important parameters in terms of the outcome of the match. The main difference between sexes among adolescent players is the covered distance of higher intensity running. Among male basketball players, the number of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations were the main differences between different age groups.
Conclusion
According to our findings, experts might verify their opinion on the importance of individual physical skills that have a decisive impact on the players' effectiveness.
Constructing Monolayer Model Catalysts to Uncover the Distance Effect on CO2 Electroreduction towards Multi-Carbon Products
Authors: He Chuanxin , Yang Hengpan , Feng Shangzhao , Liu Xianguang , Kong Yan , Chen Binhua , Hu Qi , Chen Zhi
Published: May 2024

The interaction between adjacent active sites has significant effect on the performance of various electrocatalysis, e.g., CO2 electroreduction. Unfortunately, little experimental work has been done to quantify this effect, due to the huge challenge in accurately regulating the distance between active sites. Herein, Cu-coordinated porphyrins with clear Cu–N4 active sites are introduced as platform molecules to construct a monolayer structure on the Au(111) substrate. The distance between Cu centers can be accurately regulated in subnanometer level via changing the molecular ligands and the state of aggregation, and directly measured by scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The adjustable distance between adjacent Cu sites can bring forth fundamentally different selectivity of multi-carbon products in CO2 electroreduction. Specifically, Cu sites with 0.98 nm inter-distance can still generate an appreciable 6.1% faraday efficiency (FE) of C2H4, and then drop dramatically to 1.2% with a 1.50 nm inter-distance. When the inter-distances between Cu sites are furtherly increased to 1.63 and 1.74 nm, the C − C coupling pathway will be totally blocked and thereby the selectivity of C2H4 will decline to almost negligible levels. These experimental results directly demonstrate the distance effect on CO2 electroreduction for the first time. In addition, theoretical calculations also demonstrate a strong correlation between inter-site distance and selectivity of C2H4. This work might inspire the design of model catalysts to investigate the fundamental mechanism of various electrocatalytic reactions.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis -a retrospective study
Authors: Li Yi , Yang Shumei , Dong Xiaohua , Jiang Fei , Chen Kangzhi , Zhou Qian , Cai Haobin , Yang Huan
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) in a Chinese cohort.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of 277 MG patients was conducted between August 2016 and May 2023. Patients were classified as refractory if their Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America post-intervention status (MGFA-PIS) was categorized as “unchanged” or “worse”. Additionally, patients with persistent symptoms and functional limitations despite at least 12 months of concurrent immunosuppressive therapy, including adequately dosed steroids and two other immunosuppressive drugs, were also classified as refractory. The clinical features and outcomes at the end of follow-up of drug-refractory patients were compared with those of drug-responsive patients.
Results
Of the 277 patients, 36 were unequivocally diagnosed with refractory MG. Treatment-refractory patients frequently presented at a younger age, with a generalized form of the disease, and with bulbar/or respiratory symptoms at onset. These patients also exhibited higher disease severity than non-drug-refractory patients. Furthermore, patients classified as drug-resistant experienced a longer interval between disease onset and the initiation of immunotherapy. At the end of follow-up, poor outcome was more frequently found in treatment-refractory MG patients.
Conclusion
This study found that 13% of MG patients were classified as drug-refractory. There is a need for new, more specific drugs to treat drug-refractory MG patients.
Network Congestion Visualization for Vehicular Communication using Streamlit Approach
Authors: Kall Madhu Sree , Karamtoti Krishna Naik
Published: May 2024

In the modern realm of Mobile Communication with various velocities of mobility, vehicular networks play a vital role in ensuring seamless communication without loss in the network connection. However, the efficacy and reliability of these networks are significantly impacted by ubiquitous network congestion. Understanding the dynamics of network congestion is essential for optimizing the intricate complexities inherent in vehicular systems. This research undertakes a comparative analysis of two distinct methods for visualizing network congestion within vehicular networks. The first approach utilizes Streamlit, a Python library, while the second employs MATLAB based for visualization. Through detailed implementation and evaluation, this study elucidates the strengths, limitations, and advantages of each method. Such insights are invaluable for practitioners and researchers specializing in vehicle networking and associated visualizations, offering a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. This research developed the algorithms for verification of congestion in the vehicular network, the same has been cross verified with two methods.
The role of phenolic compounds on abundance of olive psyllid, Euphyllura straminea Loginova on commercial and promising olive cultivars
Authors: Azimi Mahmoud , Marouf Aref , Shafiei Seyyed Ebrahim , Abdollahi Azizollah
Published: May 2024

Olive psyllid, Euphyllura straminea Loginova has been reported as a key pest of olive in Iran. Field observations have shown that infestation rate of various olive cultivars to olive psyllid are different. This study aimed to determine the levels of total phenol and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DHPE), as well as the horticultural traits of various olive cultivars Zard, Conservolia, Arbequina, Picual, Cornicabra, Kaissy, Direh, and Koroneiki and how they correlate with the infestation rates of the olive psyllid. The maximum and minimum number of psyllid nymphs were observed in Arbequina (19.79 ± 2.28) and Direh (2.13 ± 0.38) cultivars respectively. In contrast the highest and lowest amount of DHPE were recorded in inflorescences of Direh (11.47 ± 0.54 mg/g) and Arbequina (5.37 ± 0.30 mg/g) cultivars, respectively. Furthermore, negative correlation between the amount of total phenol and the number of nymphs on the inflorescence of olive cultivars. It was concluded that DHPE phenolic compound might play and effective role in pest attack.
DNA supercoiling-mediated G4/R-loop formation tunes transcription by controlling the access of RNA polymerase
Authors: Myong Sua , Hwang Jihee , Lee Chun-Ying , Brahmachari Sumitabha , Paul Tapas , Lee Huijin , Craig Alanna , Ha Taekjip
Published: May 2024

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a processive motor that modulates DNA supercoiling and reshapes DNA structures. The feedback loop between the DNA topology and transcription remains elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQS) on transcription in response to DNA supercoiling. We find that supercoiled DNA increases transcription frequency 10-fold higher than relaxed DNA, which lead to an abrupt formation of G-quadruplex (G4) and R-loop structures. Moreover, the stable R-loop relieves topological strain, facilitated by G4 formation. The cooperative formation of G4/R-loop effectively alters the DNA topology around the promoter and suppresses transcriptional activity by impeding RNAP loading. These findings highlight negative supercoiling as a built-in spring that triggers a transcriptional burst followed by a rapid suppression upon G4/R-loop formation. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between DNA topology and structural change in transcriptional regulation, with implications for understanding gene expression dynamics.
Ensemble Framework for Multistep Carbon Emission Prediction: An Improved Bi-LSTM Model Based on the Bayesian Optimization Algorithm and Two-Stage Decomposition
Authors: Song Qi , Bai Yu-Long , Wang Rui , Yue Xiao-Xin , liu Wen-Hui
Published: May 2024

Effective prediction of carbon dioxide emissions is crucial for the real-time monitoring of carbon emission dynamics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. For the accurate and stable prediction of carbon emission data, multiple challenges must be addressed, mainly including nonlinearity, nonstationarity, and dynamic uncertainty. To further improve the accuracy of carbon emission prediction, an ensemble framework for daily CO₂ emission forecasting based on data decomposition-reconstruction is proposed. First, the original data are decomposed into trend, seasonal, and residual components using seasonal trend decomposition via the Loess method. For the trend and seasonal components, the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) is applied to optimize a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network for further prediction. The Bi-LSTM adopts a novel LeakyReLU activation function to effectively extract data features, thereby enhancing the model's expressive power. Meanwhile, the Nadam optimizer is employed, which combines the adaptive learning rate mechanism of the Adam algorithm with the Nesterov momentum to update weights and biases, enabling efficient model training, accelerating convergence, and improving model performance. Then, the residual component is decomposed again using gray wolf optimizer (GWO)-optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD), VMD incorporates a quadratic penalty function and Lagrange multipliers to derive the input series. and the decomposed subsequences are predicted using gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks. Finally, the predictions of each subsequence are stacked and reconstructed to obtain the final forecast value, creating an ensemble framework referred to as STL-BOA-Bi-LSTM-GWO-VMD-GRU. The proposed ensemble framework is tested on real data from seven different regions. In both single-step and multistep prediction processes, the proposed ensemble framework has higher prediction accuracy and stability than other models, demonstrating significant advantages.