bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAVIGATING THE JOB MARKET: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES IN JOB SEARCHING
Authors: Gea J. Lara  , Michaella Darry G. Bagay  , Lyka Garcia  , Sharmane M. Pagtanan  , Sandy Gee F. Pascual  , Keanna Dy D. Vallecera  , Jubert E. Gulo
Published: May 2024

This multiple case study aimed to discover and understand the experiences of Senior High School graduates in job searching in Davao Region. The data were taken from the three (3) participants and three (3) informants whose responses were collected through in-depth interviews. Using the thematic analysis, essential themes were extracted from the participants’ responses. On the lived experiences related to job searching, the results revealed nine (9) major themes: preference for college graduates over SHS graduates, difficulty in job application process, stress and pressure in job searching, sense of unfulfilled career potentials despite K to 12 training, job instability and short-term opportunities, impediments to self-confidence and job security, importance of preparation before a job interview, economic insecurity, and deprivation of field experience during the work immersion. Furthermore, on how they overcome their struggles from job searching, six (6) themes emerged: preventing burnout from rejections through leisure activities, earning income through side hustles, intensifying self-reliance and independence, cultivating positive mindset, seeking advice and preparing for interviews, and applying for an industry that accept SHS graduates. Moreover, from the insights gained by the participants, six (6) major themes emerged: disregard the educational-based bias, nurture job resiliency, enhance the job readiness skills for practical experiences, call for work immersion opportunities for SHS students, meet the demands of the industry, and invest in career guidance programs. Cross-case analysis were also utilized to determine the similarities and differences of the themes that transpired. The results of this study were deemed significant to senior high school graduates, parents, teachers, school administrators, DepEd authorities, and future researchers.
KEYWORDS: job searching, multiple case study, senior high school graduates
READING COMPREHENSION LEVEL OF GRADE 6 STUDENTS: BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES AMONG SELECTED SCHOOLS IN CARMEN DISTRICT
Authors: Shemaiah M. Concepcion  , Marciano B. Melchor
Published: May 2024

This study determined the reading comprehension level of students in the selected public elementary schools of Carmen District, Davao del Norte Division. It also investigated the significant difference in the factors influencing the reading comprehension of students when analyzed by school category. With the use of purposive sampling, 156 public elementary teachers were selected as the respondents. Utilizing the descriptive survey method, the data collated were analyzed through the use of Mean and ANOVA. Results revealed that the extent of the reading comprehension level of students was moderately evident. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant difference on the extent of the reading comprehension level of students when analyzed by the school category. It signified that teachers from big schools, medium schools and small schools category had no significance difference in perceiving the reading comprehension level of their students. Based on the findings, it was suggested that the higher officials in the Department of Education, school heads, and teachers may work together to intensify and strengthen the reading comprehension of the students based on their needs. An intervention scheme in mastering the art of reading with focus on strategies for enhancing comprehension skills.
KEYWORDS: Reading comprehension, descriptive research, Davao del Norte Division, Philippines
Antiseptic composition effectiveness when using pin-rod external fixation devices
Authors: Koschaev Andrey , Kiselev Igor , Rodin Matvey , Polegaeva Kristina
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to create and test a device that increases the effectiveness of treatment of open and sutured musculocutaneous wounds during open fractures and immersion osteosynthesis. To improve the healing process of open wounds and reduce possible complications, a group of inventions was developed, united by a common concept. One of the key elements of this group is the new composition. It helps create an aseptic environment for effective wound healing, reliably protects them from possible infections and contamination, and is also successfully used to prevent the development of purulent complications and postoperative osteomyelitis. To prepare it, you need to mix 150 mg of rifampicin, 4 mg of dexamethasone, 2.5 ml of 1 % dioxidine, 15 ml of 95 % ethyl alcohol, bringing the total volume to 100 ml using saline. This composition, used in combination with various external fixation devices, has outstanding antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Another invention is an innovative device with a built-in dosing element, applicators and capillary tubes connected to a manifold, it provides precise and controlled delivery of the composition we have developed to the wound. This eliminates the need for frequent dressings and manual treatment of places where pins and rods penetrate or exit the body, which not only alleviates the patient’s discomfort, but also reduces the risk of developing secondary infections during the postoperative recovery period. In the period from 07/14/2021 to 05/31/2023, 15 mongrel dogs with open comminuted fractures of the right (8 heads) and left tibia (7 heads) were delivered to the veterinary clinic BION (Sevastopol), during the postoperative treatment of which they were tested antiseptic composition and modernized device. The results indicate the reliability and high efficiency of the resulting composition in the treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory processes in bones and soft tissues using pin-rod devices for fixation.
Studying the food bioactive pectin-based films structure and properties
Authors: Zinina Oksana , Merenkova Svetlana , Vishnyakova Elena , Galimov Damir
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to establish the structure and properties of bioactive films based on pectin. The objects of study are films obtained on the basis of the structure-forming agent pectin with the addition of protein hydrolyzate as an active component. The microstructure of the produced films was determined using scanning electron microscopy; physicochemical properties (biodegradability, solubility, thickness, moisture content); bioactive properties (antioxidant capacity, ability to absorb DPPH radicals, content of polyphenols and flavonoids) spectrophotometrically. The addition of protein hydrolyzate to the composition of the pectin film changed its structural properties: a dense cellular network was formed, due to which the film became less susceptible to water and took longer to biodegrade in compost, and its thickness became smaller compared to the control. Moreover, both film samples completely turned into vermicompost after 2 weeks, which shows the high biodegradability of pectin films. The antioxidant properties of the films also improved: antiradical activity increased by 11 %, and antioxidant capacity by 49 % compared to the control sample. The introduction of protein hydrolyzate into the composition of a pectin film can solve a number of problems in the monocomponent composition of a pectin-based film, improve the structural characteristics and moisture resistance. The peptides included in the hydrolyzate, forming stable chemical bonds with pectin molecules, not only have a positive effect on the structure, but also increase antioxidant properties, which is promising for the production of bioactive food film coatings that can increase the shelf life of food products.
Method for producing wheat and barley grain bread from hulled grain
Authors: Nevzorov Viktor , Matskevich Igor' , Koh Zhanna , Teplyashin Vasily , Kireev Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The purpose of research is to develop technology and equipment for the production of grain bread. The possibilities of using hulled bioactivated grains of wheat and barley in a 1 : 1 ratio as raw materials in the production of grain bread are considered. The work operation of peeling wheat and barley grain allows for 100 % purification of the grain from dust and mineral impurities, as well as removing the seed and fruit shells, which consist of pure silicon, which has no nutritional value for the human body. To develop new equipment for peeling wheat and barley grain, patent research was carried out, scientific and technical documentation was developed and a patent for the invention was received. To bioactivate wheat and barley grain, it was kept in a 1.8 % aqueous-alcoholic extract of reindeer antler powder at a temperature of 23.5–24.5 °C, which allows the grain mixture to swell and germinate within 14–16 hours to a sprout size of 0.5–0.6 mm. Grinding of the bioactivated grain mixture must be carried out to a diameter of crushed grain particles of 2–3 mm. In the process of developing the technological process for the production of grain bread, the quantitative composition of the recipe components was selected: drinking water, a solution of table salt, vegetable oil, crushed grain mass, a suspension of pressed baker's yeast and first-grade wheat flour. The developed technological process for the production of wheat and barley grain bread involves the preparation of raw materials and loading into the bowl of a dough mixing machine, where the components of the recipe are mixed and the dough is kneaded, then the kneaded dough is sent for fermentation, divi-ding into pieces, molding, proofing and baking. Based on research, technology and equipment for the production of wheat and barley grain bread were developed, inventions of the Russian Federation were obtained for a method of producing grain bread and technological equipment for peeling grain.
Gel-forming substances in the long-stalked flax composition and their use in marmalade products formulations
Authors: Tolmacheva Tatyana , Tipsina Nellya
Published: May 2024

The purpose of research is to study gelling substances (structure formers) and use them as a partial replacement for agar when developing a recipe and technology for preparing marmalade, as well as determining the quality of the resulting marmalade product. The object of the study is the seeds of long-stalked flax produced in 2020, grown in the fields of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. The results of a study on the development of a recipe for jelly marmalade are presented. To obtain marmalade with beneficial properties, we partially replaced the gelling raw material (agar) with a jelly-like suspension obtained by blanching fiber flax seeds, and completely replaced sugar with a sweetener – stevia. A new marmalade product enriched with plant raw materials was obtained. Materials related to the physicochemical properties of long-stalked flax fiber, which is one of the best spinning crops and is used in the textile industry, were studied. At the same time, the following beneficial properties of flax were noted: the content of proteins with a complete amino acid composition; the content of polysaccharides, thanks to which it is possible to obtain a jelly-like suspension and use them as a gelatinous substance. Sugar was completely removed from the recipe and replaced with stevioside, a chemical compound present in the leaves of the stevia plant. To eliminate the bitter taste of stevioside, a decoction of red currant berries was used. A tasting was also held, as a result of which the product was highly appreciated. Based on research conducted, patents were obtained. The possibility of producing marmalade with beneficial properties under production conditions is presented. The resulting sweet product is safe for overweight people and people with diseases such as diabetes.
Restoration of fertility of unproductive sod-podzolic soils re-introduced into agricultural circulation
Authors: Buryak Svetlana , Chernikova Ol'ga , Mazhaisky Yuri
Published: May 2024

The purpose of research is to develop agro-reclamation measures to restore the fertility of low-productive sod-podzolic sandy loam soils for the conditions of the southern part of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. Objectives: to conduct a comparative assessment of the impact of granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings and a liquid-phase biological product (LPBP) on increasing soil fertility, phenological characteristics of plants, crop yields and their quality. Six variants of the field experiment were developed: control variant (without fertilizers); granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings at a dose of 15 t/ha; granular fertilizer based on turkey manure at a dose of 15 t/ha together with pre-sowing seed treatment with 1 % LPBP; pre-sowing seed treatment with 1 % LPBP; granular fertilizer based on turkey droppings at a dose of 30 t/ha. The application of organic ameliorant and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a biological pre¬paration help to improve the agrochemical parameters of the soil, and, as a result, a higher yield of perennial grasses. The best option is option G30, where the yield was 48.3 t/ha of green mass of grass in total for 2 cuttings, which is 33.8 % more than the control option. In the G15 and G15 LPBP options, the harvest was practically not inferior and exceeded the control option by 30.5 and 24.4 %, respectively, soil fertility indicators improved: soil acidity decreased to 4.8–5.0 (pHsol) and 5.4–5.6 (pHwod), an increase in organic matter by 33.9 %, the content of mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium, and the concentration of total nitrogen increased significantly.
RELATIONSHIPS FEATURES OF THE MARGINAL ELEMENTS AND SOCIETY BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROSTITUTION PHENOMENON IN THE 19TH CENTURY (BASED ON MATERIALS OF THE YENISEI PROVINCE)
Authors: Nesterenko Daria
Published: May 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of various models of relations between the phenomenon of prostitution and society in the 19th century using the example of the local experience of the Yenisei Province. The specific socio-economic institution of legalized commercial sex with its specificity and intra-system connections is a unique phenomenon of pre-revolutionary Russia. While remaining a viable element of public life, part of provincial everyday life, the “industry of debauchery” was not an unambiguous phenomenon. In this context, it is relevant to consider the mutual perception of society and the phenomenon of prostitution during the period of regulation to form ideas about the versatility of everyday life in the province. The article is an attempt to understand the models and judgments of public institutions in relation to prostitution, as well as the behavioral patterns of women involved in the sphere of intimate services from a phenomenological point of view. The source base for the study consisted of office documents from various departments, journalistic works of a medical nature, as well as periodicals. The result of the study is the identification of several models of mutual perception of prostitution by society, which indicate polar opinions regarding this phenomenon. Speaking about the attitude of women involved in sexual commerce to society and its norms, it is worth noting the problem of the lack of sources of personal origin. However, it can be concluded that prostitution developed certain patterns of behavior characteristic of participants in the system.
SECRET LETTER 20 FEBRUARY 1922 FROM V.I. LENIN TO D.I KURSKY THE RSFSR PEOPLE'S COMMISSAR OF JUSTICE AND FURTHER SOVIET LEGAL POLICY MODERNIZATION IN THE NEP CONDITIONS
Authors: Rogachev Alexander
Published: May 2024

The paper based on V.I. Lenin’s works, published in sources and special historical materials, explores the true meaning and content of Lenin’s letter dated February 20, 1922 to the People’s Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR D.I. Kursky. This secret letter intended to modernize Soviet legal policy under the conditions of the NEP. Lenin wanted to direct the efforts of the People's Commissariat of Justice (Narkomyust) to fight the enemies of Soviet power. In carrying out this modernization of legal policy V.I. Lenin relied on the qualified Soviet lawyer D.I. Kursky, who for ten years (1918–1928) remained the permanent People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR, and then the USSR. In 1922, Lenin, in a secret letter, saw the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks as the main enemies in the transformation of Russia. One of them was a prominent Russian historian, a former Bolshevik fellow-fighter who went over to the Mensheviks, N.A. Rozhkov. Renegades apostates like him aroused special hatred in Vladimir Ilyich. V.I. Lenin pursued Nikolai Alexandrovich Rozhkov until his last breath. It should be noted that the addressee of the letter D.I. Kursky generally successfully implemented Lenin's demands and instructions for modernization and justice during the NEP years. He practically created a new Soviet law, but in 1928 I.V. Stalin began to sharply curtail the NEP, and D.I. Kursky was “diplomatically” sent by the USSR plenipotentiary envoy to Italy.
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE AND FORMS OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE CHILD AND INFANT MORTALITY FACTS IN THE ANNUAL DEMOGRAPHIC REPORTING OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION IN 1959–1985
Authors: Semykin Evgeniy
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the change in the forms and structure of recording infant and child mortality in the Krasnoyarsk Region in the period 1959–1985 based on annual reports on vital statistics in the context of changes in the demographic policy of the USSR. The hypothesis is that the problem of child and infant mortality was quite acute for the Soviet state, and in certain periods unsatisfactory indicators were perceived painfully, as a result of which the question of the accuracy and depth of accounting for demographic processes developing in the age group of children under one year old will be reflected in the forms and the structure of annual demographic reporting. A retrospective analysis of accounting forms clearly shows that over time, the development of medicine, methods and systems for recording demographic facts, statistical accounting of various aspects relating to the facts of child and infant mortality becomes more and more detailed and deep. Separate forms appear, devoted only to the issue of the circumstances of death of children under the age of one year or under the age of one month, and their share in the total volume of annual demographic reporting only grows over the years, which indicates the correctness of the initial hypothesis. It was also discovered that statistical authorities focused their attention on the demographic processes that took place among the indigenous peoples of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East, especially in the short period of 1963–1964. The author of the article presents his own conclusions based on what is presented in the main part of the material in relation to the theory of epidemiological transition.
INDICATORS OF THE FOOD SUPPLY STATE AND LIVING STANDARD OF THE FAR FEDERAL DISTRICT POPULATION EASTERN
Authors: Kolesnyak Antonina , Polyanskaya Natalya
Published: May 2024

In developed countries of the world, human capital is recognized as the main most valuable resource, which is the principal factor in the development of any territory. The life and health of people is the most important asset of any nation. The population of Russia has been steadily decreasing in recent decades due to natural and migration decline. In the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), the demographic situation is especially acute: over the last three decades, the population has decreased by 22,3 %. The main reason is the rapid decline in the standard of living of the population. In turn, the demographic situation is significantly influenced by housing conditions, the level of food supply and the quality of nutrition. The population of the Far Eastern regions eats irrationally: people compensate for the energy and nutrients not received in protein foods and vegetable and melon products by excessive consumption of baked goods, pasta and cereals. This diet contributes to an increase in morbidity and a reduction in life expectancy. These problems are especially acute in regions with high poverty, low living standards and low social productivity. The most problematic in terms of the standard of living of the population are the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Trans-Baikal Region and the Republic of Buryatia: the median per capita cash income of residents of these regions allows them to buy no more than 4 minimum sets of food per month (in Russia as a whole – 5,7 sets), housing conditions are the worst in the Far Eastern Federal District. To improve the quality of food supply and living standards of the population in the regions, it was proposed to strengthen the social responsibility of the state and take comprehensive measures to increase real cash incomes; development of social entrepreneurship and social partnership; restoration and development of production in the regions of necessary products - milk, eggs, melons and vegetables. This will require significant investment in the rural economy of the Far Eastern regions to ensure growth in production volumes and development of human capital.
FEATURES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT ENTITIES
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana
Published: May 2024

Each region has a unique socio-economic and political potential that creates conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity and business in general. There is a theoretical and practical interest in how much the structure and dynamics of regional development are changing in conditions of tightening and instability of the domestic and world market. The purpose of the article is to study the development of entrepreneurial activity in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter – SMEs) in the new economic conditions at the level of constituent entities of the Ural Federal District (hereinafter – Ural Federal District). To solve the problems, general scientific research methods were used, including analysis, generalization, synthesis and systematization. The basis for the study was official statistics published by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Unified Register of SMEs, the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion and other sources, as well as sociological studies and scientific publications on the peculiarities of entrepreneurship development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the country and regional levels. The results of the study indicate a low intensity of the emergence of new enterprises in the Ural Region; the majority of SMEs are characterized by a negative trend and worsening demographics. Among the barriers holding back business development are the bureaucratization of the process of obtaining government assistance, taxes, high interest rates on commercial loans, as well as low expectations of the prospects for the development of their business. Recommendations are presented for stabilizing the situation of running small businesses in the new economic conditions in the subjects of the Ural Federal District. The findings will be useful to researchers in the field of management and regulation of regional development.
Peningkatan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja dalam Bidang Dermatologi, Venereologi, dan Estetika: Tinjauan Literatur Komprehensif untuk Pendidikan Kedokteran di Indonesia
Authors: Purwoko Reza Yuridian , Melati Rima , Idaiani Sri , Ferianasari Inneke Winda , Aryanti Evy
Published: May 2024

Peningkatan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di bidang dermatologi, venereologi, dan estetika sangat penting untuk melindungi penyedia layanan kesehatan dan pasien di Indonesia. Tinjauan literatur komprehensif ini bertujuan untuk menilai keadaan praktik K3 saat ini dalam spesialisasi ini dan mengidentifikasi strategi efektif untuk perbaikan. Tinjauan ini menekankan pentingnya penerapan protokol kontrol infeksi yang komprehensif, termasuk sterilisasi peralatan yang tepat, kebersihan tangan yang teliti, dan penggunaan peralatan perlindungan diri untuk mengurangi penularan penyakit infeksi. Selain itu, praktik kerja ergonomis dan pelatihan keselamatan secara teratur ditekankan untuk mengurangi cedera muskuloskeletal dan bahaya kerja lainnya. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggabungkan teknik Analisis Dokumen dan Tinjauan Sistematis. Artikel relevan diperoleh dari basis data seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect, dengan fokus pada yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris dan telah ditinjau oleh peer dari tahun 2010 ke atas. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan ketat terhadap protokol keselamatan secara signifikan meningkatkan keselamatan di tempat kerja. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan dalam penerapan praktik ini secara konsisten di berbagai setting. Inisiatif pemerintah Indonesia telah mendukung peningkatan K3 melalui berbagai program dan regulasi, namun masih ada tantangan dalam implementasi yang efektif. Tinjauan ini juga menyoroti kebutuhan untuk pendidikan profesional berkelanjutan dan penegakan standar keselamatan yang lebih ketat untuk membina lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman. Integrasi praktik K3 ini ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan medis sangat penting untuk membekali calon profesional kesehatan dengan keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan standar keselamatan yang tinggi.
Adaptive control method and experimental study of cone crusher based on aggregate online detection
Authors: Fang Huaiying , Ji Xiaosheng , Yang Jianhong , Yang Yuxuan , Ji Tianchen , Wei Chaoming
Published: May 2024

The size of the discharge outlet of a cone crusher directly impacts the size of the aggregate produced. However, the discharge outlet is still adjusted manually, which has a significant error and affects production efficiency. For this reason, this study proposed an adaptive control method for cone crushers based on aggregate online detection. Firstly, the aggregate image was segmented using an instance segmentation model and the anchor and structure of the model were optimised. Then, this study proposed an evaluation method for quickly and accurately assessing the overall segmentation effect of network models. By comparing the results with those before optimisation, the accuracy of the optimised network model was improved from 0.923 to 0.940. Finally, an adaptive control experiment was conducted based on the online aggregate detection results. The experimental results showed that the discharge particle size distribution of the cone crusher becomes more stable after intelligent control is added, with the variance of the proportion of cumulative gradation at 15 mm decreased from 34.3 to 14.4. These results indicated that the developed adaptive control system effectively controls the fine processing of coarse aggregates and significantly improves the quality of aggregate crushing and processing.
A Systematic Review on Applying Machine Learning and Deep Learning on SBCs
Authors: Aldahoud Ali , Fezari Mohamed , Al-Dahoud Ahmad , Aqel Darah
Published: May 2024

This research introduces a comprehensive study of the most robust Single-Board Computers (SBCs) implemented recently, where most of them are built on the system-on-chip architecture. This study also presents the main characteristics of each of these SBCs, as well as their prices and applications. Additionally, the study reviews some machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, exploring their implementation on SBCs. Finally, it displays some software tools on how to implement DL and ML projects on SBCs.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Interaktif dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Huruf Hijaiyyah pada Siswa SMP
Authors: Rohmah Ashfika Wulan El , Santinah Santinah
Published: May 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effect of interactive learning methods on improving hijaiyyah letter writing skills in junior high school students. Interactive learning methods are implemented through the use of educational technology, educational games, and collaboration between teachers and students. This research involved junior high school students as research subjects, by applying an experimental approach and a pretest-posttest control group design. During the research period, the experimental group was given learning using interactive methods. Meanwhile, the control group continued to follow conventional learning methods. The research instrument involved a hijaiyyah letter writing test before and after the intervention, as well as observations to observe interactions between teachers and students during the learning process. The results of data analysis show a significant increase in the skills of writing hijaiyyah letters in the experimental group compared to the control group. Interactive learning provides greater support for students in understanding and remembering letter shapes, increasing learning motivation, and creating a more enjoyable learning environment. This research contributes to the development of Islamic education at the junior high school level by emphasizing the importance of implementing interactive learning methods to improve skills in writing hijaiyyah letters. The practical implications of this research can help teachers and educational policy makers in designing learning strategies that are more effective and oriented towards student development.
The Unintended Consequences of Torture's Ineffectiveness
Authors: Christopher Russell L.
Published: May 2024

Whether torture to extract true information—for example, military secrets or the location of a terrorist-planted bomb—is morally permissible and empirically effective is widely disputed. But many agree that such torture’s effectiveness is a necessary condition for its permissibility; if ineffective, then it is impermissible. Thus, the empirical issue has become crucial in deciding the moral issue. This Article addresses the empirical issue with a novel, non-empirical argument. Torture’s ineffectiveness not only ensures torture’s impermissibility but also exposes torture victims to criminal liability for any offenses they are tortured into committing. With torture as the most extreme and horrific form of coercion, seemingly if anyone deserves eligibility for a duress defense against criminal liability, it is torture victims. But ineffective torture is ineffective coercion, and ineffective coercion fails to sufficiently coerce to support a duress defense. Therefore, an unintended consequence of torture’s ineffectiveness is its inconsistency with and preclusion of torture victims’ eligibility for a duress defense. The inconsistency between the two establishes that at least one of them is false. Seeking to resolve the inconsistency, this Article considers several modifications of the empirical claim—including torture being merely generally ineffective or ineffective only under certain conditions—and alternative formulations of the duress defense. With none of these satisfactory, a dilemma arises: either close the door on torture victims’ eligibility for a duress defense (by maintaining torture’s ineffectiveness) or open the door on the permissibility of torture (by conceding torture’s effectiveness). Neither alternative may be palatable, but (to resolve the inconsistency) one must be chosen.
Decoding the essence of two-character Chinese words: Unveiling valence, arousal, concreteness, familiarity, and imageability through word norming
Authors: Chan Yuen-Lai , Tse Chi-Shing
Published: May 2024

Investigation of affective and semantic dimensions of words is essential for studying word processing. In this study, we expanded Tse et al.’s (Behav Res Methods 49:1503–1519, 2017; Behav Res Methods 55:4382–4402, 2023) Chinese Lexicon Project by norming five word dimensions (valence, arousal, familiarity, concreteness, and imageability) for over 25,000 two-character Chinese words presented in traditional script. Through regression models that controlled for other variables, we examined the relationships among these dimensions. We included ambiguity, quantified by the standard deviation of the ratings of a given lexical variable across different raters, as separate variables (e.g., valence ambiguity) to explore their connections with other variables. The intensity–ambiguity relationships (i.e., between normed variables and their ambiguities, like valence with valence ambiguity) were also examined. In these analyses with a large pool of words and controlling for other lexical variables, we replicated the asymmetric U-shaped valence–arousal relationship, which was moderated by valence and arousal ambiguities. We also observed a curvilinear relationship between valence and familiarity and between valence and concreteness. Replicating Brainerd et al.’s (J Exp Psychol Gen 150:1476–1499, 2021; J Mem Lang 121:104286, 2021) quadratic intensity–ambiguity relationships, we found that the ambiguity of valence, arousal, concreteness, and imageability decreases as the value of these variables is extremely low or extremely high, although this was not generalized to familiarity. While concreteness and imageability were strongly correlated, they displayed different relationships with arousal, valence, familiarity, and valence ambiguity, suggesting their distinct conceptual nature. These findings further our understanding of the affective and semantic dimensions of two-character Chinese words. The normed values of all these variables can be accessed via https://osf.io/hwkv7.
Scope assignment in quantifier-negation sentences in early Korean-Chinese bilinguals’ grammars
Authors: Chen Yunchuan , Hester Mac
Published: May 2024

Quantifier-negation sentences allow an inverse scope reading in many languages, but this phenomenon is not observed in Chinese. Building on the work of Chen and Huan (2023), this study investigates whether early Korean-Chinese bilinguals can make a distinction between Korean and Chinese in terms of the inverse scope. Employing the sentence-picture matching truth value judgment experiment from Chen and Huan (2023), we recruited a group of 23 early Korean-Chinese bilinguals and 15 monolingual Korean speakers. The experimental results aligned with those of Chen and Huan (2023), which identified three distinct groups of bilinguals. The first group permits an inverse scope reading in both Korean and Chinese, the second group prohibits it in both languages, and the third group successfully distinguishes between Korean and Chinese regarding inverse scope. These findings suggest that early bilinguals may experience long-lasting crosslinguistic influence that extends into adulthood. They may adopt either of two opposite strategies when constructing sentences, both of which can potentially minimize syntactic differences between their two languages.
Subject nominalizations in Setswana
Authors: Lee Soo-Hwan
Published: May 2024

Agent nominalizations of an object-bearing transitive predicate require of-insertion in many languages, including English (e.g., driver *(of ) a truck). Note that the same transitive predicate is not associated with of-insertion in the clausal syntax (e.g., drive (*of ) a truck). This work provides empirical evidence from Setswana (Bantu) and suggests that of-insertion is not necessary in Setswana agent nominalizations and subject nominalizations, more broadly construed. As long as the syntactic licensing requirements are satisfied, they need not resort to of-insertion. Additionally, I add weight to the claim that an external argument can be represented inside subject nominalizations (Baker & Vinokurova 2009). Adopting the Phrasal Layering approach (Alexiadou & Schäfer 2010, among others), I argue that parallels can be drawn between the nominal domain and the clausal domain in Setswana.
Diagnosing dominance: Problematic sandhi types in the Chinese Wu dialect of Jinshan
Authors: Rose Philip , Yang Tianle
Published: May 2024

The concept of phonological dominance plays an important role in typologizing tone sandhi behavior in Sinitic languages. We confront the diagnostic criteria for dominance with data from Jinshan, a northern Wu dialect with complex disyllabic lexical tone sandhi. Auditory and acoustic data for the seven Jinshan tones in monosyllabic words are presented and compared with their realization in several different types of disyllabic word tone. It is argued that the current criteria for deciding the dominance of tone sandhi require refinement, which, when applied, reveal examples of both left and right dominance within the same lexical tone sandhi system.
A wh discourse particle: Dutch hoezo
Authors: Rullmann Hotze , Nederveen Sander
Published: May 2024

This paper provides an analysis of a special kind of why-questions in Dutch, formed with the wh-word hoezo (lit. ‘how so’). We propose that hoezo signals the speaker’s resistance to updating the discourse model, by asking the interlocutor to provide a reason for their preceding discourse move. Hoezo shares properties with both discourse particles (its not-at-issue content expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the current state of the discourse), and question words (it asks the interlocutor to provide a reason). Unlike waarom (the regular word for ‘why’), hoezo is not subject to wh-movement and does not bind a variable.
The functions of full nominal reduplication in Jakarta Indonesian: A corpus-based examination
Authors: Fettes Evelyn
Published: May 2024

Existing literature on full nominal reduplication in Indonesian describes the process as marking plurality or variation of type/kind (Sneddon et al. 2010).  There are conflicting claims in the literature as to whether fully reduplicated nouns can cooccur with numerals and/or classifiers (Chung 2000; Dalrymple & Mofu 2012).  This paper presents a corpus study of full nominal reduplication (FNR) in Jakarta Indonesian (JI), a recent variant of Malay which emerged as a blend of Jakarta Malay (JM) and Standard Indonesian (SI).  In particular, I examine the cooccurrence and linear ordering of other nominal elements with fully reduplicated nouns (FRNs), including quantifiers, numerals, classifiers, demonstratives, possessive pronouns, and the definite article -nya.  The corpus study found no instances of FRNs cooccurring with numerals, but one potential instance of an FRN cooccurring with a classifier.  FRNs can cooccur with all other nominal elements.  The linear ordering of these elements in JI more closely resembles the ordering in JM than in SI in that the FRNs may either precede or follow demonstratives.  The corpus study also explores the interpretation of FNR as it pertains to plurality and variation of kind.  It presents evidence that an additional function of FNR in JI is contrastive focus.
Comparing reflexive and personal pronouns in Chinese locative prepositional phrases
Authors: Yu Jiaxing , Bryant Shannon
Published: May 2024

In many languages, both reflexive and personal pronouns within locative prepositional phrases (LPPs) can be co-construed with a local subject, making LPPs an ideal testing ground for non-syntactic factors influencing pronoun use. Focusing on Chinese, we experimentally tested the extent to which acceptability of reflexives ziji and ta-ziji and personal pronoun ta depends on event type (motion/perception) and relation type (contact/non-contact). We find that effects follow the trend previously reported for English but affect different forms to different degrees. Along with advancing understanding of binding in LPPs, this work contributes to comparisons between ziji and ta-ziji and the typology of pronouns more broadly.
Kincretism in crosslinguistic perspective
Authors: Truong Tran , Thompson Nathan
Published: May 2024

Traditional anthropology in the vein of Morgan (1871) distinguishes between descriptive and classificatory kinship terms. Mainstream US English father functions as a descriptive term, as it conventionally only indicates one relationship type: `'ego's begetter'. In contrast, Aboriginal English father functions as a classificatory term, as it conventionally indicates both 'ego's begetter' and `'ego's begetter's brother'. We propose that it is possible to study classificatory kinship in the same manner that we study morphological syncretism in nominal and verbal paradigms. We propose toy features for kinship and demonstrate that Murdock's (1949) classical hexapartite typology of kinship patterns is best thought of as a set of metasyncretisms (Harley 2008) generated by impoverishment. In theoretical terms, we contribute to the broader research program of Crossmodular Structural Parallelism (Nevins 2008), in that we argue that kintactic features may interact and be modified in ways homologous to phonological and morphological features. In empirical terms, we provide a genealogically diverse sample of underdescribed language-specific kincretisms outside of the broader Murdockian typology, with an emphasis on kincretisms that involve affinal terms.
Regional differences (or lack thereof) in rendaku in Japanese surnames
Authors: Tanaka Yu
Published: May 2024

No study has thoroughly investigated the regional differences of Japanese compound voicing known as rendaku. The present study addresses this issue by conducting a large-scale web-based survey with 492 Japanese speakers as participants and 1,776 compound surnames as stimuli. The results show no clear effects of dialects on rendaku application. This raises a novel theoretical issue for further investigation: Even though pitch accent has been argued to be inversely associated with rendaku (e.g., Sugito 1965; Zamma & Asai 2017), dialects with a variety of accentuation patterns nonetheless exhibit very similar voicing patterns in compound surnames. A tentative account based on foot structure is proposed.
Indirect reciprocity in Japanese
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki
Published: May 2024

I shall discuss a special usage of the Japanese reciprocal expression otagai. In this usage, otagai does not occur as the object of a transitive verb and does not induce a reciprocal interpretation. Rather, it seems to modify the nominal in the subject position. I argue that otagai in such examples expresses reciprocity only indirectly in that the relation is not expressed overtly in the sentence in question. The relation is a psychological one in that the sentence as a whole says that each participant of the speech context knows that the other participant(s) have the property given by the overt predicate in the sentence. This, then, entails that each of them has this same property since know is a factive predicate. Since each participant has to be in a position to assess what the other member(s) are thinking of, the group of people in question must know each other well. This means that the nature of reciprocity is essentially the same in English and Japanese except that otagai could introduce a covert psychological relation to satisfy the reciprocity requirement. The article also discusses the similarity between the indirect use of otagai and the indirect passive in Japanese.
Processing Turkish case markers: Implications for the case containment hypothesis
Authors: Oğuz Metehan , Kaiser Elsi
Published: May 2024

We investigate the processing of accusative-marked NPs in Turkish, compared to genitive- and locative-marked NPs. We use psycholinguistic methods (a lexical decision task) to test competing predictions derived from frequency effects in lexical processing on the one hand, and morphosyntactic theories of case containment on the other hand. Our experimental outcomes support a case containment approach to Turkish morphology.
The bear wants a small green apple and a big one: Insights into anaphoric reconstruction in child Romanian
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia , Foucault Deborah , Roeper Tom
Published: May 2024

We investigate how 4-year-old children reconstruct the anaphoric pronoun unul ‘one’ when modified by Color or Size adjectives in Romanian, an understudied Noun-Adjective language. In a Truth Value Judgment Task, both adults and children accept unul ‘one’ to refer to apple or small apple in Ursuleţul vrea un măr verde mic şi unul galben ‘The bear wants a small green apple and a yellow one’. In Ursuleţul vrea un măr verde mic şi unul mare ‘The bear wants a small green apple and a big one’, children take unul ‘one’ to refer to apple or green apple, while adults only accept green apple. Based on these findings, we argue that while adults seem to be sensitive to hierarchical nesting in anaphoric reconstruction, children seem to operate on the basis of other reconstruction preferences at this developmental stage.
Las Habilidades Blandas en las Interacciones Docente-Estudiante Durante el Proceso Formativo
Authors: Saballet Lara Mónica Patricia
Published: May 2024

El interés por determinar la importancia del uso de habilidades blandas en las interacciones entre docente-estudiante durante el proceso formativo, condujo una revisión documental que permitió la profundización en fuentes primarias de autores especialistas, así como en fuentes secundarias de inevstigaciones preliminares, sobre la educación integral que propicia el desarrollo de un aprendizaje vinculado no solo a lo cognitivo y procedimental, sino también a lo actitudinal-emocional. Las habilidades blandas aportan a la interacción docente-estudiante un elenco diverso de competencias vinculadas entre sí en torno a la reflexión y el análisis para la acción sobre sí mismo y sobre las relaciones con los demás en la búsqueda del sentido de comunidad, promoviendo el servicio a los demás, confiriéndole aun mayor importancia a lo social de la educación. El desarrollo de habilidades para el trabajo en equipos, la comunicación asertiva, la resiliencia, la creatividad y la toma de decisiones redundan en la transformación educativa de un trabajo individual a un trabajo colectivo y dinámico que se nutre y fundamenta en el reconocimiento de la interdependencia con los otros y en el desarrollo tanto individual como social.
EMO DEMO DAN EDUKASI GIZI (EDUGI) SNACK SEHAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BADUTA DESA KEBONHARJO KECAMATAN PATEBON KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Mustikaningrum Ardian Candra , Syafitri Nabila
Published: May 2024

Baduta is a baby aged 0 to 24 months or referred to as the golden periode. The golden periode in Baduta is very important in life, where there is a process of optimal and rapid brain growth and development for survival (Ariani, 2017). Baduta are among the most vulnerable to various nutritional problems, where the body’s physiological functions change rapidly, starting from growth and development, organ systems and nervous systems (Susetyawati, 2017).
Based on data from the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in  2010 nutritional status with indicators of BMI/U children aged 6-12 years in the category of very thin 4,6 %, thin 7,6 %, normal 78,6% and obese 9,2 %, while the nutritional status (indicator of TB /U) children with stunting prevalence (very short 15,1%, short 20%) and normal 64,5% (Ministry of Health, 2010).
The method in this community service activity includes the stages of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. This community service in the form of emo demos and counseling was carried out to provide insight to Baduta mothers on the importance of balanced nutrition needs and parenting patterns for children. This activity contributes to increasing knowledge for Baduta mothers about the importance of balanced nutrition needs and parenting patterns, and increasing awareness of baduta mothers to provide healthy snacks to their children.
Optimal nutritional and health status in this group is important and maintained to help the process of growth and development, thinking, optimal physical activity, and maintaining the body’s immune system. So we from STIKES Muhammadiyah Kendal try to be agents of change, one of which is by providing education on the importance of balanced nutrition needs, parenting pattern and healthy snacks for Baduta.