bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of entrepreneurial resilience in forms of collaboration: a systematic literature review with bibliometric analyses
Authors: Candeias Fernandes Ana Joana , Franco Mário
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Focused on the intersection between entrepreneurial resilience and different forms of collaboration, this research makes a systematic analysis of the literature resorting to various complementary bibliometric techniques (keyword co-occurrence; bibliographic coupling of documents; bibliographic coupling of authors; co-citation of references).

Design/methodology/approach

According to the research protocol defined, a search by topics was made in Web of Science (WoS), with no time restriction, which led to including 97 articles in the sample. Descriptive analysis identified the evolution and tendency of publications and citations, the most productive journals, universities and countries in this topic and the research methodologies followed in the articles of the sample.

Findings

The different bibliometric techniques applied led to understanding and systematization of the tendencies and themes concerning the topic, allowing the development of a conceptual framework articulating them and revealing possible lines of research that could contribute to developing the literature.

Practical implications

By showing different facets of the intersection between entrepreneurial resilience and collaboration, this paper highlights the multiple implications of this area at different levels of analysis (individuals, ventures and communities) with the importance of networks of collaboration patent in each. Therefore, this study can help entrepreneurs, business and political decision-makers to make better informed decisions, which can be particularly relevant in scenarios of uncertainty and crisis, such as the present, arising from the global pandemic.

Originality/value

As far as the authors know, the research carried out is the first centred on systematic analysis of entrepreneurial resilience and forms of collaboration. It gives a complete conceptual and theoretical picture of the evolution of research on the topic and accordingly points out possible avenues for future research.
The drivers and effects of burnout within an information technology work context: a job demands-resources framework
Authors: Zaza Sam , Riemenschneider Cynthia , Armstrong Deborah J.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this empirical study is to explore the drivers and effects of a multidimensional conceptualization of burnout for information technology (IT) personnel using the job demands-resources framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Using survey data from 247 IT professionals, the authors analyzed our model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a composite-based method.

Findings

The authors find that job demands and job resources differently influence the dimensions of burnout, and the burnout dimensions influenced turnover intention (leave the organization) and turnaway intention (leave the field) except for cynicism, which did not affect turnover intention. The authors’ findings suggest that managers and human resource professionals may want to look beyond managing work exhaustion and consider focusing on the professional efficacy dimension of burnout to keep their IT professionals from leaving the organization and the IT industry.

Originality/value

This study highlights the need for researchers in the information systems field to rethink using exhaustion as a proxy for the burnout construct as focusing on work exhaustion does not tell the full story for IT professionals. Additionally, the findings indicate that job-related burnout affects not only IT professional's turnover intention but also turnaway intention. Last, psychosocial mentoring did not directly influence any of the burnout components but indirectly influenced all three components.
Moving beyond traditional sponsorships: understanding the structure and dynamics of minority equity sponsorship agreements
Authors: Gur Furkan Amil , Bouchet Adrien , Walkup Brian R. , Jensen Jonathan A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the structure and dynamics of minority equity sponsorship agreements and the motivations for organizations to go beyond traditional sponsorships by acquiring minority equity in the sponsored organization.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a qualitative methodology and presents interview data from key actors involved in minority equity sponsorship agreements.

Findings

The findings of the paper include major characteristics of minority equity sponsorship agreements including the motivations, dynamics and resources exchanged by sponsoring firms and clubs in these relationships, based on the experiences of key actors from firms, clubs and other key stakeholders, and a conceptual model for forming and maintaining these relationships.

Practical implications

Sponsorships are increasingly evolving into minority equity sponsorship agreements, particularly in the European market. The findings of this study assist sponsoring firms and the executives of clubs in better understanding the dynamics and stakeholder-related consequences of these relations.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper illustrate the differences between minority equity sponsorship agreements and both traditional sponsorships and minority equity alliances. The findings also identify major characteristics of these relationships and the interdependencies among these characteristics.
Analysis of drivers for anti-food waste behaviour - TISM and MICMAC approach
Authors: Poonia Archana , Sindhu Shilpa , Arya Vikas , Panghal Anupama
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to identify and analyse the interactions among drivers of anti-food waste behaviour at the consumer level. By understanding the mutual interactions among the drivers, an effort is made to identify the most driving and most dependent drivers through the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) approach. Modelling offers inputs to propose focused interventions for reinforcing the identified drivers of anti-food waste consumer behaviour using the theoretical lens of social practices theory.

Design/methodology/approach

A proposed model of factors affecting anti-food waste behaviour is arrived at to suggest the most effective anti-food waste behavioural interventions. The factors were identified through an extensive literature search. A hierarchical structure of identified factors has been developed using TISM and MICMAC analysis through expert opinion. Focused marketing strategies towards promoting the identified factors for encouraging anti-food waste behaviour were suggested further.

Findings

This study identifies nine drivers based on extensive literature review, brainstorming and expert opinion. The TISM hierarchical model portrays the most important and least important drivers of household anti-food waste behaviour. It establishes that fundamental knowledge and socio-cultural norms are the most critical factors to drive the consumers. Marketers can focus on designing effective interventions to enhance the essential knowledge of the consumers and orient the socio-cultural norms towards anti-food waste behaviour.

Practical implications

This study offers implications for practitioners, policymakers and cause-driven marketing campaigns targeting anti-food waste behaviour. It provides an indicative list of critical factors relevant to household food waste behaviour, which can be used to drive effective marketing campaigns to nudge anti-food waste behaviours.

Originality/value

The proposed food waste behaviour management model was developed through modelling technique (TISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis, and relating them to marketing interventions is a novel effort in the food waste domain.
Importance of telephone follow-up and combined home visit and telephone follow-up interventions in reducing acute healthcare utilization
Authors: Lee Yuan Ying , Tiew Lay Hwa , Tay Yee Kian , Wong John Chee Meng
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Transitional care is increasingly important in reducing readmission rates and length of stay (LOS). Singapore is focusing on transitional care to address the evolving care needs of a multi-morbid ageing population. This study aims to investigate the impact of transitional care programs (TCPs) on acute healthcare utilization.

Design/methodology/approach

A retrospective, longitudinal, interventional study was conducted. High-risk patients were enrolled into a transitional care program of local tertiary hospital. Patients received either telephone follow-up (TFU) or home-based intervention (HBI) with TFU. Readmission rates and LOS were assessed for both groups.

Findings

There was no statistically significant difference in readmissions or LOS between TFU and HBI. After excluding demised patients, TFU had statistically significant lower LOS than HBI. Both interventions demonstrated statistically significant reductions in readmissions and LOS in pre–post analyses.

Research limitations/implications

TFU may be more effective than HBI in patients with lower clinical severity, despite both interventions showing statistically significant reductions in acute healthcare utilization. Study findings may be used to inform transitional care practices. Future studies should continue to examine the comparative effectiveness of transitional care interventions and the patient populations most likely to benefit.

Originality/value

Previous studies demonstrated promising outcomes for TFU and HBIs, but few have evaluated their comparative effectiveness on acute healthcare utilization and specific patient populations most likely to benefit. This study evaluated interventional effectiveness of both, which might be useful for informing allocation of resources based on clinical complexity and care needs.
Thinking, checking and learning: testing a moderated-mediation model of social media news use conditional upon elaboration on political knowledge via fact-checking
Authors: Kim Bumsoo , Cooks Eric , Kim Yonghwan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Employing the cognitive mediation model, the study aims to examine a moderated-mediation mechanism of social media news use contingent upon elaboration on political knowledge through fact-checking – specifically, the interaction effect of social media news with elaboration on fact-checking.

Design/methodology/approach

The moderated-mediation model is tested using panel survey data collected during the 2016 USA presidential election (N = 1,624 at Wave 1; N = 637 at Wave 2).

Findings

The findings reveal that social media news users are frequent visitors of fact-checking websites. Results also suggest that those with increased social media news use and cognitive elaboration on news content are more likely to visit fact-checking sites, which contributes to increased political knowledge.

Originality/value

The results of the current study, especially in the era of social media environment where various information is overflowing, suggest an important role of individuals' responsibility as democratic citizens given that people's cognitive elaboration and surveillance efforts, which tries to think about important public issues they consume through media, could strengthen a positive pathway toward informed citizens.
The role of senior managers’ positive self-image in supporting MIS implementation
Authors: Izadpanah Mehrkish Nahid , Grant Susan B.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Researchers have long been interested in how the psychology of senior managers affects their behaviours. This paper aims to present the results of a questionnaire into how positive self-image influences how well senior managers in UK manufacturing organisations support the implementation of management information system (MIS). This study developed two scales, one to measure senior managers’ attitudes and the other to measure support of MIS implementation. It also sought to investigate the impact of senior managers’ positive self-image on their support of MIS implementation in UK manufacturing organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested the hypotheses on a data set of 400 senior managers from UK manufacturing organisations. Two unidimensional scales to measure senior managers’ attitude and support level towards MIS implementation were developed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the scales. The study also examined the impact of senior managers’ positive self-image on their attitude and support from the perspective of UK manufacturing organisations by using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The study found that senior managers’ positive self-image is a significant contributing factor to their attitude. Also, senior managers’ attitude has a strong positive impact on their support in the MIS implementation process. A strong mediating relationship was found to exist between senior managers’ positive self-image and support through their attitude towards MIS implementation.

Originality/value

Although past literature has examined the importance of senior managers’ attitude and support in successful MIS implementation, there has been no specific scale around management support and attitude towards MIS implementation developed to date. Thus, a contribution of this study is its development of two new scales based on a survey of senior managers of UK manufacturing organisations. The scales can be used to evaluate senior managers’ perception towards MIS implementation and the support they are willing to give whilst implementing MIS. Another contribution of this study is the analysis of positive self-image via item-parcelling which improves model efficiency and provides more stable estimates of the construct.
Phylodynamic analysis of an emergent Mycobacterium bovis outbreak in an area with no previously known wildlife infections
Authors: Rossi Gianluigi , Crispell Joseph , Brough Tanis , Lycett Samantha J. , White Piran C. L. , Allen Adrian , Ellis Richard J. , Gordon Stephen V. , Harwood Roland , Palkopoulou Eleftheria , Presho Eleanor L. , Skuce Robin , Smith Graham C. , Kao Rowland R.
Published: November 2021

Understanding how emergent pathogens successfully establish themselves and persist in previously unaffected populations is a crucial problem in disease ecology, with important implications for disease management. In multi‐host pathogen systems this problem is particularly difficult, as the importance of each host species to transmission is often poorly characterised, and the disease epidemiology is complex. Opportunities to observe and analyse such emergent scenarios are few.

Here, we exploit a unique dataset combining densely collected data on the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of an outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) in a population of cattle and badgers in an area considered low risk for bTB, with no previous record of either persistent infection in cattle, or of any infection in wildlife. We analyse the outbreak dynamics using a combination of mathematical modelling, Bayesian evolutionary analyses and machine learning.

Comparison to M. bovis whole‐genome sequences from Northern Ireland confirmed this to be a pathogen single introduction from the latter region, with evolutionary analysis supporting an introduction directly into the local cattle population 6 years prior to its first discovery in badgers.

Once introduced, the evidence supports M. bovis epidemiological dynamics passing through two phases, the first dominated by cattle‐to‐cattle transmission before becoming established in the local badger population.

Synthesis and applications. The Mycobacterium bovis emergent outbreak that was the object of this study was of considerable concern because of the geographical distance from previously known high‐risk areas. Initial decisions about the outbreak control were supported by the whole‐genome sequencing data. The further analyses described here were used to estimate the time of introduction (and therefore the likely magnitude of any hidden outbreak) and the rates of cross‐species transmission, and provided valuable confirmation that the extent and focus of the imposed controls were appropriate. Not only do these findings strengthen the call for genomic surveillance, but they also pave the path for future outbreaks control, providing insights for more rapid and decisive evidence‐based decision‐making. As the methods we used and developed are agnostic to the disease itself, they are also valuable for other slowly transmitting pathogens.
Late‐onset of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A rare medical examiner case
Authors: Gitto Lorenzo , Fuller Cristine E. , Calleo Vincent J. , Tawil Michel , Thach Rasmey , Revercomb Carolyn
Published: November 2021

Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) is an enzyme of the urea cycle, which converts ammonia into urea in the liver cells. OTC plays a crucial role in the breakdown and removal of nitrogen in the body. OTC deficiency is a rare X‐linked recessive disorder that classically presents in early life with signs of hyperammonemia and progressive central nervous system involvement resulting in seizures, coma, and death. Sentinel presentation in adulthood is quite rare. A 29‐year‐old man developed altered mental status after receiving an epidural steroid injection 3 days earlier for back pain. He presented to the emergency department severely agitated, and his workup revealed an elevated ammonia level of 125 µmol/L. He refused admission and was discharged against medical advice. The following day, his mentation deteriorated, he developed status epilepticus, and was transported to another emergency department. He was admitted with worsening hyperammonemia (levels rising to over 700 µmol/L). His clinical condition progressive deteriorated, and he developed encephalopathy and diffuse cerebral edema. Liver function testing indicated progressive liver damage, and amino acids were detected in his blood and urine. Clinical and laboratory findings suggested undiagnosed OTC enzyme deficiency. He died 2 days after admission. An autopsy showed an 1890 g liver with diffuse yellow discoloration and softening. Histology and electron microscopy revealed findings suggestive of urea cycle disorder, such as microvesicular steatosis, apoptosis, and scattered mitosis, clusters of clear hepatocytes at the PAS stain, and mitochondria abnormalities. Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous pathogenic variant of the OTC gene (c.622G>A). OTC deficiency should be suspected in subjects with hyperammonemic encephalopathy. If a genetic mutation is identified in the deceased, surviving family members should be screened to prevent potential life‐threatening complications.
Effects of staff grade, overcrowding and presentations on emergency department performance: A regression model
Authors: Mallows James L
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine the effect of staffing levels by experience of medical officers and overcrowding on ED key performance indicators (KPIs).

Methods

Presentations to Nepean ED from 6 May to 3 November 2019 were examined. Staff were designated either Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (FACEMs), non‐FACEM senior decision‐makers (SDMs), non‐senior decision‐makers greater than 2 years postgraduate (non‐SDMs) and junior medical officers up to 2 years postgraduate (JMOs). The number of admitted patients boarded in the ED waiting for a ward bed at 8 am was used as a marker for overcrowding. Multivariable regression analysis was performed using staffing levels, number of admissions at 8 am and total presentations as the independent variables and various ED KPIs as the dependent variables.

Results

FACEM and SDM had a significant effect on most ED KPIs, with the effect of FACEM consistently larger than the effect of SDM. There was minimal effect on performance by non‐SDM and JMO staffing. There was significant effect of overcrowding as measured by the number of admitted patients in ED at 8 am on most ED KPIs. Almost no variables had an effect on Emergency Treatment Performance (4‐h target) for admitted patients, suggesting poor performance was caused by factors outside of the ED.

Conclusion

Increasing numbers of FACEM and non‐FACEM SDM, but not junior staff, and a reduction in overcrowding as measured by the number of admitted patients boarded in the ED at 8 am, were associated with improvements in the ED performance.
The sternum: An important review area when reporting pre‐surgical staging breast MRI studies
Authors: Price Jeremy
Published: November 2021

Identification and assessment of extramammary findings on contrast‐enhanced breast MRI scans is particularly important in the setting of newly diagnosed invasive cancer as metastatic lesions may be encountered in the liver, lungs, pleural cavity or bones. Establishing that stage IV disease is present has a profound effect on patient management. The sternum is routinely included on breast MRI studies and can be an early site for breast cancer metastases. These appear as enhancing lesions with high signal on fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. However, incidental benign lesions, notably haemangiomas, may also be encountered, and careful analysis is required to avoid false‐positive results. Clinical context is important with a much lower likelihood of malignancy in the setting of routine screening of young women with no personal history of breast cancer. This pictorial essay illustrates findings encountered with lesions in the sternum and offers insights into how to interpret and manage them.
Pivotal role of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery in improving survival outcome of stage I non‐small cell lung cancer in day surgery patients
Authors: Jiang Lisha , Lei Tiantian , Zhou Kun , Ma Hongsheng , Che Guowei
Published: November 2021

Background

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, has high morbidity rates. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) as day surgery makes surgical treatment ideally in time with the same quality of medical care. This study aimed to assess the safety of stage I NSCLC patients who underwent VATS at a day surgery center.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and tumor features of VATS patients at a single center, West China Hospital, from June 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Patients fulfilled all inclusion criteria, did not meet any exclusion criteria and underwent wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection.

Results

The median patient age was 43 (range, 19–67) years. Of the 209 patients, most were women. A total of 108 (51.7%) patients underwent segmentectomy, 87 (41.6%) lobectomy, and 14 (6.7%) wedge resection with systematic lymph node dissection. According to the AJCC/UICC eighth edition of lung cancer stage grouping, stages IA, IA1, IA2, and IA3 were 195 (93.3%), 122 (58.4%), 50 (23.9%), and one (0.5%), respectively. A total of 36 (17.2%) patients were stage 0. Adenocarcinoma was predominantly the postoperative pathological diagnosis, as only 14 (6.7%) were benign. A total of 201 (96.17%) patients were discharged without a chest tube. The most common chief complaints were cough, incisional pain, and shortness of breath. No severe complications or life‐threatening emergencies were observed.

Conclusions

The day surgery mode of VATS for stage I NSCLC is safe and feasible, which makes surgical treatment ideally in time for stage I NSCLC patients with the same quality of medical care.
CT‐guided microwave ablation in patients with lung metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Meng Min , Han Xiaoying , Li Wenhong , Huang Guanghui , Ni Yang , Wang Jiao , Zhang Tiehong , Dai Jianjian , Zou Zhigeng , Yang Xia , Ye Xin
Published: November 2021

Background

Computed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is a very common ablation method that shows a good local tumor control rate in primary and secondary lung tumors. At present, few reports have explored the safety and efficacy of MWA for lung metastases from breast cancer.

Methods

From January 2012 to January 2018, 32 breast cancer patients with 46 pulmonary metastases received CT‐guided percutaneous MWA. The study was approved by the local institutional review board. The clinical efficacy and complications of MWA were investigated.

Results

The median follow‐up time was 32 months and the main effective rate was 97.8% (45/46). Five of 46 lesions had local progression (10.9%), with a median progression time of 10 months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.9%, 53.3%, and 17.8%, respectively. The median OS time was 36 months. Among 46 MWA treatments, 11 (23.9%) had massive pneumothorax, two (4.3%) had massive pleural effusion, and two (4.3%) had a pulmonary infection.

Conclusion

CT‐guided percutaneous MWA may be safe and effective for treating lung metastases from breast cancer.
Native hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit‐infesting flies in three plant formations and prospects for biological control in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Zida Issaka , Nacro Souleymane , Dabiré Rémy Anogmain , Moquet Laura , Haran Julien , Delatte Hélène
Published: November 2021

In Western Burkina Faso, fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause economic impacts. Damage on a mango can reach 100% in late varieties, and on shea fruits, the average attack rate is 66.5%. Parasitoids offer natural biocontrol services, but the potential for this in Burkina Faso remains unknown.

We performed a survey (2017–2019) in three plant formations (natural fallows n = 6; agroforestry parks n = 6 and mango orchards n = 6) to determine the levels of parasitism of tephritid fruit fly pests. For this purpose, fruits from cultivated and wild fruit fly host plant species were sampled in these plant formations and incubated for insects' emergence.

In total, 1822 adults belonging to 7 parasitoid species were found. Fopius caudatus (Szépligeti) and Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) with 51.47% and 30.60% of the total of parasitoid adults emerged, respectively, were the most predominant. Parasitism rate varied according to host fruit species. Pupae recorded from Sarcocephalus latifolius and Vitellaria paradoxa were most parasitized (27.22% ± 3.96%) and (17.08% ± 2.37%), respectively, while those obtained from mangoes were the less parasitized (3.73% ± 0.91%).

Mass rearing of F. caudatus and P. concolor, as well as habitat management, will contribute to the promotion of both, augmentation and conservation biological control.
Retribution or Reconciliation? Post‐Conflict Attitudes toward Enemy Collaborators
Authors: Kao Kristen , Revkin Mara R.
Published: November 2021

Armed groups seeking to govern territory require the cooperation of many civilians, who are widely perceived as enemy collaborators after conflict ends. The empirical literature on attitudes toward transitional justice focuses heavily on fighters, overlooking more nuanced understandings of proportional justice for civilian collaborators. Through a survey experiment conducted in an Iraqi city that was controlled by the Islamic State, we find that variations in the type of collaboration an actor engages in strongly determine preferences for punishment and forgiveness. While exposure to violence is associated with a greater desire for revenge, perceived volition behind an act—a relatively unstudied factor—is much more important. This research provides unique empirical data on the microfoundations of enemy collaborator culpability. By widening our analytical lens to consider a more realistically broad spectrum of enemy collaboration, we avoid affirming a false dichotomy between victims and perpetrators that is commonly adopted in postwar settings.
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced hair loss by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ modulation
Authors: Natsuga K.
Published: November 2021

Linked Article:  Piccini et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:129–141.
Do the gut and skin microbiomes share thoughts on melanoma development?
Authors: Camara N.O.S.
Published: November 2021

Linked Article:  Vitali et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:106–116.
British Association of Dermatologist guidelines: a lighthouse to help guide clinicians and researchers planning future clinical trials for vitiligo
Authors: Ezzedine K. , Pandya A.G.
Published: November 2021

Linked Article:  Eleftheriadou et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:18–29.
Mogamulizumab-associated rash (MAR) mars its efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Blanchard G. , Guenova E.
Published: November 2021

Linked Article:  Trum et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:153–166.
CPI‐203 improves the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 therapy by inhibiting the induced PD‐L1 overexpression in liver cancer
Authors: Niu Xiaoge , Wang Wei , Liang Taizhen , Li Shasha , Yang Chan , Xu Xinfeng , Li Lin , Liu Shuwen
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest lethal malignancies worldwide, and often diagnosed at an advanced stage, without any curative therapy. Immune checkpoint blockers targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1) have shown impressive antitumor activity in patients with advanced‐stage HCC, while the response rate is only 30%. Inducible PD‐L1 overexpression may result in a lack of response to cancer immunotherapy, which is attributed to a mechanism of adaptive immune resistance. Our study investigated that the overexpression of PD‐L1 promoted the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells in vitro, and the induced overexpression of PD‐L1 in the tumor microenvironment could weaken the effects of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in a BALB/c mouse model of liver cancer. CPI‐203, a small‐molecule bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor, which can potently inhibit PD‐L1 expression in vitro and in vivo, combined with PD‐1 antibody improved the response to immunotherapy in a liver cancer model. Cell transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay manifested that BRD4 plays a key role in PD‐L1 expression; CPI‐203 can inhibit PD‐L1 expression by inhibiting the BRD4 occupation of the PD‐L1 promoter region. This study indicates a potential clinical immunotherapy method to reduce the incidence of clinical resistance to immunotherapy in patients with HCC.
‘Start from the Garden’: Distribution, Livelihood Diversification and Narratives of Agrarian Decline in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Nerenberg Jacob
Published: November 2021

Scholarship that identifies ‘distribution’ as the key to inclusive governance has promoted suspicion of development agendas that foreground ‘production’. This article analyses controversy around food and cash transfers and decentralized development funding in Indonesia's contested Papua territory. Some observers and recipients allege that these instruments, which have proliferated under ‘Special Autonomy’ reforms intended to defuse the West Papuan independence movement, have caused a decline of indigenous subsistence agriculture. Papua's various distribution (and distribution‐like) mechanisms were instituted under pressure from international agencies, in response to mass unrest, and in the wake of crises that altered Papua's role in Indonesian development. In Papua's Central Highlands, food and cash distribution instruments have addressed farming shortfalls and played a role in the diversification of livelihoods — a shift that animates anxious speculation about the viability of indigenous social reproduction. Such commentary gestures to a contested development horizon featuring extractive and agrarian agendas with divergent implications for the reproduction of distinctive rural livelihoods. Laments about the harm to rural productivity caused by distribution evoke but gloss over threats of devaluation of labour, highlighting tension between popular concerns about social reproduction and scholarly anxieties about the celebration of production.
Young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, defined using the fatty liver index, can be at increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Cho Eun Ju , Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Chang Young , Cho Yuri , Park Sang‐Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Jeong Su‐Min , Yoon Kyoung Wan , Shin Dong Wook , Yu Su Jong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan
Published: November 2021

Aim

To investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular events among a nationally representative sample of young adults in Korea.

Methods and Results

This population‐based cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included adults who were aged 20 to 39 years when they underwent a health examination between 2009 and 2012. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, and participants were divided into three groups according to FLI (<30, 30‐59 and ≥60) to investigate the dose‐dependent effect of FLI score. Among 5 324 410 participants, 9.8% had an FLI ≥60. There were 13 051 myocardial infarctions (MIs; 0.39%) and 8573 strokes (0.26%) during a median follow‐up of 8.4 years. In multivariable analysis, NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of MI and stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61‐1.77 and HR  1.73, 95% CI 1.63‐1.84, respectively). MI and stroke had dose‐dependent relationships with FLI (HR 1.28 in participants with FLI 30‐59 and 1.73 in those with FLI ≥60 for MI and HR 1.18 in participants with FLI 30‐59 and 1.41 in those with FLI ≥60 for stroke, respectively).

Conclusions

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was an independent predictor of MI and stroke in young adults. These results suggest that primary prevention of cardiovascular disease should be emphasized in young adults with NAFLD.
Leaving histone unturned for epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Shan Chun‐Min , Fang Yimeng , Jia Songtao
Published: November 2021

Post‐translational modifications in histones play important roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression programs, and the modified histones can be passed on to subsequent generations as an epigenetic memory. The fission yeast has been a great model organism for studying histone modifications in heterochromatin assembly and epigenetic inheritance. Here, we review findings in this organism that cemented the idea of chromatin‐based inheritance and highlight recent studies that reveal the role of histone turnover in regulating this process.
Compatibility of two types of gummy jelly tests for detecting decreased masticatory function
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Hori Kazuhiro , Yoneda Hiroyuki , Sato Naoko , Suwanarpa Ketsupha , Sta. Maria Ma. Therese , Marito Pinta , Nokubi Takashi , Ono Takahiro
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study aimed to verify the compatibility of masticatory performance tests using different two types of gummy jellies.

Background data discussing the present status of the field

Compatibility between the glucose concentration measuring method (GC) and 10‐steps visual scoring method (VS), which are masticatory performance tests for diagnosing decreased masticatory function (DMF) in oral hypofunction and the use of different types of gummy jelly, has yet to be confirmed.

Materials and methods

The participants consisted of 134 Japanese older people (51 men and 83 women). GC, VS and the increased surface area measuring method (ISA), as an alternative analysis method for VS, were conducted to evaluate masticatory performance. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to verify the consistency for detecting DMF between GC and VS. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between GC and ISA. Each masticatory performance was compared among three different groups for the number of residual teeth. Cut‐off values of VS and ISA for DMF that were consistent with GC were identified.

Results

Glucose concentration measuring method and VS showed an excellent consistency (Kappa coefficient = 0.86). There was a high positive correlation between GC and ISA (r = .70). However, the change in masticatory performance according to the number of teeth was different between GC and VS/ISA. The cut‐off values of VS and ISA were a Score of 2 and 1687 mm2, respectively.

Conclusion

Glucose concentration measuring method and VS/ISA remained fairly consistent for detecting DMF, which might be useful information to interconnect the various studies on masticatory performance.
Predictors of inhibitor eradication by primary immune tolerance induction in severe haemophilia A with high responding inhibitors
Authors: Di Minno Giovanni , Coppola Antonio , Margaglione Maurizio , Rocino Angiola , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Tagliaferri Annarita , Linari Silvia , Zanon Ezio , Santoro Cristina , Biasoli Chiara , Castaman Giancarlo , Santagostino Elena , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio ,   the AICE PROFIT Study Group
Published: November 2021

Background

Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is the only proven strategy to eradicate factor VIII inhibitors in patients with haemophilia A (HA).

Aim

To identify patients and treatment options with the highest chance of inhibitor eradication by primary ITI.

Patients and methods

In the frame of the Italian ITI Registry, carried out from 1995 to 2015 (last follow‐up 2018), 137 primary ITI courses in severe HA patients (90/137 with poor prognosis) were analysed for predictors of outcome (complete/partial response or failure). Sixty‐six of them (48%) were prospectively evaluated.

Results

ITI was successful in 91/137 patients (66.4%) and 70 (51.1%) achieved complete response within 11 months (median). Historical peak titres ≤200 BU/ml (P = .033), inhibitor titres ≤5 BU/ml at ITI start (P = .001), peak titres ≤100 BU/ml during ITI (P < .001) and missense mutations and small insertions/deletions of FVIII gene (P = .027) predicted complete inhibitor eradication. A score that considers the cumulative number of these variables predicted complete response with positive predictive values up to .81 at ITI start and .91 during ITI, respectively. Patients who had no bleeding (OR, 3.45, 95% CI: 1.4–8.6) nor other adverse events (OR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3–5.3) during ITI had higher chances of complete response. During the 120‐month follow‐up (median), 2/70 patients who had achieved complete response relapsed (2.9%).

Conclusions

This Registry, with a centralized review of outcomes, homogeneous data collection (half of which prospective) and long‐term follow‐up, provides insights for optimizing ITI, with a rationale for further studies in the currently evolving scenario of inhibitor management in HA patients.
Epidemiology, investigation, management, and outcome of headache in emergency departments (HEAD study)—A multinational observational study
Authors: Kelly Anne Maree , Kuan Win Sen , Chu Kevin H. , Kinnear Frances B. , Keijzers Gerben , Karamercan Mehmet A. , Klim Sharon , Wijeratne Tissa , Kamona Sinan , Graham Colin A. , Body Richard , Roberts Tom , Horner Daniel , Laribi Said ,   and the HEAD Study Group
Published: November 2021

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of nontraumatic headache in adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs).

Background

Headache is a common reason for presentation to EDs. Little is known about the epidemiology, investigation, and treatment of nontraumatic headache in patients attending EDs internationally.

Methods

An international, multicenter, observational, cross‐sectional study was conducted over one calendar month in 2019. Participants were adults (≥18 years) with nontraumatic headache as the main presenting complaint. Exclusion criteria were recent head trauma, missing records, interhospital transfers, re‐presentation with same headache as a recent visit, and headache as an associated symptom. Data collected included demographics, clinical assessment, investigation, treatment, and outcome.

Results

We enrolled 4536 patients (67 hospitals, 10 countries). “Thunderclap” onset was noted in 14.2% of cases (644/4536). Headache was rated as severe in 27.2% (1235/4536). New neurological examination findings were uncommon (3.2%; 147/4536). Head computed tomography (CT) was performed in 36.6% of patients (1661/4536), of which 9.9% showed clinically important pathology (165/1661). There was substantial variation in CT scan utilization between countries (15.9%–75.0%). More than 30 different diagnoses were made. Presumed nonmigraine benign headache accounted for 45.4% of cases (2058/4536) with another 24.3% classified as migraine (1101/4536). A small subgroup of patients have a serious secondary cause for their headache (7.1%; 323/4536) with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), stroke, neoplasm, non‐SAH intracranial hemorrhage/hematoma, and meningitis accounting for about 1% each. Most patients were treated with simple analgesics (paracetamol, aspirin, or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents). Most patients were discharged home (83.8%; 3792/4526). In‐hospital mortality was 0.3% (11/4526).

Conclusion

Diagnosis and management of headache in the ED is challenging. A small group of patients have a serious secondary cause for their symptoms. There is wide variation in the use of neuroimaging and treatments. Further work is needed to understand the variation in practice and to better inform international guidelines regarding emergent neuroimaging and treatment.
Changes in migraine characteristics over 30 days of Ramadan fasting: A prospective study
Authors: Ragab Amany H. , Kishk Nirmeen A. , Hassan Amr , Yacoub Osama , El Ghoneimy Lobna , Elmazny Alaa , Elsawy Enji H. , Mekkawy Doaa , Othman Alshimaa S. , Rizk Hoda Ibrahim , Mohammad Mohammad Edrees , Shehata Hatem S. , Shalaby Nevin , Magdy Rehab
Published: November 2021

Objective

To study Ramadan's effect on migraine from the start to the end of the month and the tolerability of patients with migraine to fasting.

Background

Fasting is a well‐known trigger for migraine. Whether this effect on migraine is the same throughout the whole month, or whether it varies from the first to the last days of the month, has not been studied yet.

Methods

A prospective cohort observational study was carried out on persons with migraine who fasted from 24 April to 23 May during Ramadan 2020. Each patient was asked to fill out their headache diary starting from Shaaban (the month before Ramadan) to the end of Ramadan. The Ramadan diary was divided by 10 days each, by which the patient was asked to accurately describe their migraine attacks in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity by using the Visual Analog Scale. Migraine attacks during the first day of fasting were assessed separately.

Results

A total of 292 known persons with migraine from Egypt completed the study. Their median age was 33 years; 72/292 (24.7%) were male, and 220/292 (75.3%) were female. About 126/236 (53.4%) of the patients had migraine attacks on Ramadan's first day, most of them during fasting. The frequency of migraine attacks was significantly increased in Ramadan (median 4, interquartile range [IQR] 2–7) compared with Shaaban (median 3, IQR 1–6), p = 0.009. The number of attacks was significantly reduced in both the second (median 1, IQR 0–2.25) and the third 10 days of Ramadan (median 1, IQR 1–3) compared with the first 10 days (median 3, IQR 1–5) (p < 0.001 for each).

Conclusion

Ramadan's potential exacerbating effect on the frequency of migraine attacks should be discussed with patients with migraine. This effect appears to be limited to the first 10 days of Ramadan and then subsides with successive days of fasting.
SRY‐box transcription factor 10 is a highly specific biomarker of basal‐like breast cancer
Authors: Klaric Kristina‐Ana , Riaz Nazia , Asleh Karama , Wang Xiu Qing , Atalla Tadros , Strickland Sarah , Nielsen Torsten O , Kos Zuzana
Published: November 2021

Aims

Basal‐like breast cancer is an aggressive molecular subtype associated with younger age and early relapse. Most cases lack expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, limiting targeted therapeutic options. Basal‐like breast cancer is defined by the expression of genes in the outer/basally located epithelial layer of mammary glands, including those encoding cytokeratin (CK) 5 and CK14, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). SRY‐box transcription factor 10 (SOX10), for which there is a readily available immunohistochemical stain, is expressed in a subset of breast cancers, particularly triple‐negative carcinomas. In this study, we sought to: (i) assess the association between SOX10 expression and intrinsic molecular subtypes as defined by Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) gene expression; and (ii) compare the performance of SOX10 with that of other surrogate markers of the basal‐like subtype, including CK5, EGFR, nestin, and inositol polyphosphate 4‐phosphatase type II (INPP4B).

Methods and results

SOX10 immunostaining was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from a contemporary series enriched for ER‐negative and weakly ER‐positive cancers that had also undergone PAM50 gene profiling. A total of 211 cases were informative for both SOX10 immunohistochemistry and PAM50 subtype, including 103 basal‐like cancers. Staining for SOX10 was positive in 73 of 103 basal‐like cancers and in only two of 108 cancers of other subtypes (P < 0.001), resulting in a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 98.1%. SOX10 was more specific than the other tested basal markers, and the results were independent of ER status.

Conclusions

SOX10 is a moderately sensitive, but highly specific, immunohistochemical biomarker for the basal‐like intrinsic subtype of breast cancer, which, unlike other commonly used immunohistochemical biomarkers, is independent of hormone receptor status.
Online value co‐creation activities in three management domains: The role of climate and personal needs
Authors: Chen Aihui , Jin Yu , Xiang Mengqi , Lu Yaobin
Published: November 2021

Customers' online value co‐creation activities can occur the whole management domain (i.e., product design, marketing, and customer relationship management) of a product. Previous studies have researched value co‐creation from different angles, customers' online value co‐creation activities are more complex and its formation mechanism still worth exploring. Online communities need to create different environments according to different management fields to stimulate customers to participate in Online Value Co‐creation activities. Existing research confuses different value co‐creation activities in the entire management field without considering the different antecedents of Online Value Co‐creation activities in different situations and different management domains. The purpose of this paper is to explore the formation mechanism behind customers' online value co‐creation activities during the whole management domain. Drawing on social learning theory, this study examines the influential role of environmental factors (i.e., innovation climate and social climate) of online communities and personal need factors (i.e., brand passion, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and desire for control) on customers' value co‐creation activities in the three fields of the management domain. Empirical analyses in this study reveal that these factors play different roles in shaping value co‐creation activities in the three fields. The findings enrich our understanding of customers' value co‐creation activities in online communities and offer a broadened view of the value co‐creation framework and climate theory. Understanding the factors that motivate consumers to engage in co‐creation activities in different management domain enables firms to strategically manage their co‐creation relationships and innovation processes.