bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Windows Based Data Sets for Evaluation of Robustness of Host Based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to Zero-Day and Stealth Attacks
Authors: Haider Waqas , Creech Gideon , Xie Yi , Hu Jiankun
Published: July 2016

The Windows Operating System (OS) is the most popular desktop OS in the world, as it has the majority market share of both servers and personal computing necessities. However, as its default signature-based security measures are ineffectual for detecting zero-day and stealth attacks, it needs an intelligent Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS). Unfortunately, a comprehensive data set that reflects the modern Windows OS’s normal and attack surfaces is not publicly available. To fill this gap, in this paper two open data sets generated by the cyber security department of the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) are introduced, namely: Australian Defence Force Academy Windows Data Set (ADFA-WD); and Australian Defence Force Academy Windows Data Set with a Stealth Attacks Addendum (ADFA-WD: SAA). Statistical analysis results based on these data sets show that, due to the low foot prints of modern attacks and high similarity of normal and attacked data, both these data sets are complex, and highly intelligent Host based Anomaly Detection Systems (HADS) design will be required.
Himalayan Folklore and the Fairy Tale Genre
Authors: Orton Jane
Published: July 2016

Based on fieldwork by the author conducted in Tibetan cultural areas of the Indian Himalayas, this paper explores Himalayan understandings of what defines a fairy tale, in contrast to the Western understanding. In parts of the Himalayas, a distinction is made between “lakshung” (fairy tales) and “kyakshung”, which are shorter stories, the kind one might tell over tea. In light of the proposals to record and disseminate many of these stories using new media, this paper seeks to examine these genre definitions and investigates the various contexts in which these stories are told.
“All That Was Lost Is Revealed”: Motifs and Moral Ambiguity in Over the Garden Wall
Authors: Willsey Kristiana
Published: July 2016

Pointedly nostalgic in both its source material and storytelling approach, Over the Garden Wall’s vintage aesthetic is not merely decorative, but ideological. The miniseries responds to recent postmodern fairy tale adaptations by stripping away a century of popular culture references and using motifs, not to invoke and upset increasingly familiar fairy tales, but as an artist’s palette of evocative, available images. In privileging imagery and mood over lessons, Over the Garden Wall captures something that has become vanishingly rare in children’s media: the moral ambiguity of fairy tale worlds.1
Volunteered Geographic Information System Design: Project and Participation Guidelines
Authors: Gómez-Barrón José-Pablo , Manso-Callejo Miguel-Ángel , Alcarria Ramón , Iturrioz Teresa
Published: July 2016

This article sets forth the early phases of a methodological proposal for designing and developing Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) initiatives based on a system perspective analysis in which the components depend and interact dynamically among each other. First, it focuses on those characteristics of VGI projects that present different goals and modes of organization, while using a crowdsourcing strategy to manage participants and contributions. Next, a tool is developed in order to design the central crowdsourced processing unit that is best suited for a specific project definition, associating it with a trend towards crowd-based or community-driven approaches. The design is structured around the characterization of different ways of participating, and the task cognitive demand of working on geo-information management, spatial problem solving and ideation, or knowledge acquisition. Then, the crowdsourcing process design helps to identify what kind of participants are needed and outline subsequent engagement strategies. This is based on an analysis of differences among volunteers’ participatory behaviors and the associated set of factors motivating them to contribute, whether on a crowd or community-sourced basis. From a VGI system perspective, this paper presents a set of guidelines and methodological steps in order to align project goals, processes and volunteers and thus successfully attract participation. This methodology helps establish the initial requirements for a VGI system, and, in its current state, it mainly focuses on two components of the system: project and participants.
Protonation Sites, Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Computational Calculations of o-Carbonyl Carbazolequinone Derivatives
Authors: Martínez-Cifuentes Maximiliano , Clavijo-Allancan Graciela , Zuñiga-Hormazabal Pamela , Aranda Braulio , Barriga Andrés , Weiss-López Boris , Araya-Maturana Ramiro
Published: July 2016

A series of a new type of tetracyclic carbazolequinones incorporating a carbonyl group at the ortho position relative to the quinone moiety was synthesized and analyzed by tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS-MS), using Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) to dissociate the protonated species. Theoretical parameters such as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), local Fukui functions and local Parr function for electrophilic attack as well as proton affinity (PA) and gas phase basicity (GB), were used to explain the preferred protonation sites. Transition states of some main fragmentation routes were obtained and the energies calculated at density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP level were compared with the obtained by ab initio quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitation (QCISD). The results are in accordance with the observed distribution of ions. The nature of the substituents in the aromatic ring has a notable impact on the fragmentation routes of the molecules.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Baculovirus-Engineered Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Enhance Rabbit Posterolateral Fusion
Authors: Liao Jen-Chung
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have suggested that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) genetically modified with baculoviral bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bac-BMP-2) vectors could achieve successful fusion in a femur defect model or in a spinal fusion model. In this study, BMDMSCs expressing BMP-7 (Bac-BMP-7-BMDMSCs) were generated. We hypothesized that Bac-BMP-7-BMDMSCs could secrete more BMP-7 than untransduced BMDMSCs in vitro and achieve spinal posterolateral fusion in a rabbit model. Eighteen rabbits underwent posterolateral fusion at L4-5. Group I (n = 6) was implanted with collagen-β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-hydroxyapatite (HA), Group II (n = 6) was implanted with collagen-β-TCP-HA plus BMDMSCs, and Group III (n = 6) was implanted with collagen-β-TCP-HA plus Bac-BMP-7-BMDMSCs. In vitro production of BMP-7 was quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spinal fusion was examined using computed tomography (CT), manual palpation, and histological analysis. ELISA demonstrated that Bac-BMP-7-BMDMSCs produced four-fold to five-fold more BMP-7 than did BMDMSCs. In the CT results, 6 fused segments were observed in Group I (50%, 6/12), 8 in Group II (67%, 8/12), and 12 in Group III (100%, 12/12). The fusion rate, determined by manual palpation, was 0% (0/6) in Group I, 0% (0/6) in Group II, and 83% (5/6) in Group III. Histology showed that Group III had more new bone and matured marrow formation. In conclusion, BMDMSCs genetically transduced with the Bac-BMP-7 vector could express more BMP-7 than untransduced BMDMSCs. These Bac-BMP-7-BMDMSCs on collagen-β-TCP-HA scaffolds were able to induce successful spinal fusion in rabbits.
The Systemic Profile of Soluble Immune Mediators in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Kittang Astrid , Sand Kristoffer , Brenner Annette , Rye Kristin , Bruserud Øystein
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by bone marrow failure due to disturbed bone marrow maturation. MDS is associated with increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and features of immunological dysregulation. Materials and methods: Serum levels of 47 soluble immune mediators were examined in samples derived from 49 MDS patients (35 low-risk and 14 high-risk) and 23 healthy adults. Our patients represent an unselected population-based cohort. The mediators included cytokines, soluble adhesion proteins, matrix metalloproteases, and tissue inhibitors of proteases. Levels were determined using Luminex assays. Patients were classified as low- and high-risk based on the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) score. Results: When comparing the serum levels of single mediators the MDS patients showed a relatively wide variation range for several mediators compared with healthy adults, especially interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8/CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4. The high-risk patients had lower levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L), CCL5, CCL11, CXCL5, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) compared with low-risk patients. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis visualized marked serum mediator profile differences between MDS patients; based on this analysis three patient subsets could be identified. The healthy adults were also included in this analysis and, as expected, they formed their own separate cluster, except for one outlier. Both low- and high-risk patients showed considerable heterogeneity with regard to serum profile, and this heterogeneity seems stable over time (one year follow-up). Finally, very few mediators differed between low- and high-risk patients, but hierarchical clustering based both on all mediators, as well as five selected mediators (EGF, CCL11, TIMP-2, MMP-1, and MMP-9) identified subsets of patients with significantly increased frequency of high-risk disease (χ-square test p = 0.0158 and p = 0.0148).
Silylation of Dinitrogen Catalyzed by Hydridodinitrogentris(Triphenylphosphine)Cobalt(I)
Authors: Dzik Wojciech
Published: July 2016

Recently, homogeneous cobalt systems were reported to catalyze the reductive silylation of dinitrogen. In this study the investigations on the silylation of dinitrogen catalyzed by CoH(PPh3)3N2 are presented. We show that in the presence of the title compound, the reaction of N2 with trimethylsilylchloride and sodium yields, on average, 6.7 equivalents of tris(trimethylsilyl)amine per Co atom in THF (tetrahydrofuran). The aim was to elucidate whether the active catalyst is: (a) the [Co(PPh3)3N2]− anion formed after two-electron reduction of the title compound; or (b) a species formed via decomposition of CoH(PPh3)3N2 in the presence of the highly reactive substrates. Time profile, and IR and EPR spectroscopic investigations show instability of the pre-catalyst under the applied conditions which suggests that the catalytically active species is formed through in situ modification of the pre-catalyst.
Correction: Kwon-Chung, K.J. et al. Is Cryptococcus gattii a Primary Pathogen? J. Fungi 2015, 1, 154–167
Authors: Kwon-Chung Kyung , Saijo Tomomi
Published: July 2016

The authors of the published paper [1] would like to correct Table 1.[...]
Probability of Default and Default Correlations
Authors: Li Weiping
Published: July 2016

We consider a system where the asset values of firms are correlated with the default thresholds. We first evaluate the probability of default of a single firm under the correlated assets assumptions. This extends Merton’s probability of default of a single firm under the independent asset values assumption. At any time, the distance-to-default for a single firm is derived in the system, and this distance-to-default should provide a different measure for credit rating with the correlated asset values into consideration. Then we derive a closed formula for the joint default probability and a general closed formula for the default correlation via the correlated multivariate process of the first-passage-time default correlation model. Our structural model encodes the sensitivities of default correlations with respect to the underlying correlation among firms’ asset values. We propose the disparate credit risk management from our result in contrast to the commonly used risk measurement methods considering default correlations into consideration.
Nitrogen Pollution and the Meltdown of Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Ladd Brenton
Published: July 2016

Urban ecosystems are carrying an extinction debt. Mitigating this debt will require the development of a predictive framework that improves our understanding of the factors causing decline of native biodiversity in urban areas. I argue that nitrogen is a common currency around which such a predictive framework could be built. I first summarise the evidence that shows the probable extent of nitrogen enrichment in urban ecosystems. I then review the body of empirical evidence that describes how nitrogen enrichment affects ecosystem process and function. By unifying these two bodies of empirical evidence, I generate a series of testable hypotheses that may allow for a better understanding of native biodiversity loss in urban areas.
A Look inside the Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Colagiorgi Angelo , Di Ciccio Pierluigi , Zanardi Emanuela , Ghidini Sergio , Ianieri Adriana
Published: July 2016

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to persist in food industry and is responsible for a severe illness called listeriosis. The ability of L. monocytogenes to persist in environments is due to its capacity to form biofilms that are a sessile community of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS’s). In this review, we summarized recent efforts performed in order to better characterize the polymeric substances that compose the extracellular matrix (ECM) of L. monocytogenes biofilms. EPS extraction and analysis led to the identification of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA, and other molecules within the listerial ECM. All this knowledge will be useful for increasing food protection, suggesting effective strategies for the minimization of persistence of L. monocytogenes in food industry environments.
Development of Droplet Microfluidics Enabling High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Wen Na , Zhao Zhan , Fan Beiyuan , Chen Deyong , Men Dong , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian
Published: July 2016

This article reviews recent developments in droplet microfluidics enabling high-throughput single-cell analysis. Five key aspects in this field are included in this review: (1) prototype demonstration of single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic droplets; (2) technical improvements of single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic droplets; (3) microfluidic droplets enabling single-cell proteomic analysis; (4) microfluidic droplets enabling single-cell genomic analysis; and (5) integrated microfluidic droplet systems enabling single-cell screening. We examine the advantages and limitations of each technique and discuss future research opportunities by focusing on key performances of throughput, multifunctionality, and absolute quantification.
Association between Motives for Dish Choices during Home Meal Preparation and Weight Status in the NutriNet-Santé Study
Authors: Ducrot Pauline , Fassier Philippine , Méjean Caroline , Allès Benjamin , Hercberg Serge , Péneau Sandrine
Published: July 2016

Although home cooking has been associated with a lower body mass index in a few studies, no data exists on the motives behind food dish choices during home meal preparation and on their association with overweight. This study aimed to evaluate this association in 50,003 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Dimensions underlying the importance of 27 criteria possibly influencing dish choices were determined using an exploratory factor analysis. The association between dish choice motives and overweight (including obesity) was estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Five dimensions of dishes choice motives emerged: healthy diet (e.g., “nutritional balance of the dish”), constraints (e.g., “my cooking skills”), pleasure (e.g., “originality of the dish”), specific diets (e.g., “my health status”), and organization (e.g., “what I planned to eat”). A negative association was observed between the healthy diet factor and being overweight (OR = 0.65 (95% CI (confidence interval): 0.62–0.67)), whereas a positive association appeared for factors regarding pleasure (OR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.10–1.19)) and specific diets (OR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.17–1.22)). No significant associations were observed for constraints and organization. The significant associations between dish choice motives and overweight suggested the interest of focusing on these motives in order to promote healthier food choices during home cooking.
A Unified Pricing of Variable Annuity Guarantees under the Optimal Stochastic Control Framework
Authors: Shevchenko Pavel , Luo Xiaolin
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we review pricing of the variable annuity living and death guarantees offered to retail investors in many countries. Investors purchase these products to take advantage of market growth and protect savings. We present pricing of these products via an optimal stochastic control framework and review the existing numerical methods. We also discuss pricing under the complete/incomplete financial market models, stochastic mortality and optimal/sub-optimal policyholder behavior, and in the presence of taxes. For numerical valuation of these contracts in the case of simple risky asset process, we develop a direct integration method based on the Gauss-Hermite quadratures with a one-dimensional cubic spline for calculation of the expected contract value, and a bi-cubic spline interpolation for applying the jump conditions across the contract cashflow event times. This method is easier to implement and faster when compared to the partial differential equation methods if the transition density (or its moments) of the risky asset underlying the contract is known in closed form between the event times. We present accurate numerical results for pricing of a Guaranteed Minimum Accumulation Benefit (GMAB) guarantee available on the market that can serve as a numerical benchmark for practitioners and researchers developing pricing of variable annuity guarantees to assess the accuracy of their numerical implementation.
Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction. By Philip Tetlock and Dan Gardner
Authors: Buncic Daniel
Published: July 2016

Let me say from the outset that this is an excellent book to read. It is not only informative, as it should be for a book on forecasting, but it is highly entertaining.[...]
Autonomous Quality Control of Joint Orientation Measured with Inertial Sensors
Authors: Lebel Karina , Boissy Patrick , Nguyen Hung , Duval Christian
Published: July 2016

Clinical mobility assessment is traditionally performed in laboratories using complex and expensive equipment. The low accessibility to such equipment, combined with the emerging trend to assess mobility in a free-living environment, creates a need for body-worn sensors (e.g., inertial measurement units—IMUs) that are capable of measuring the complexity in motor performance using meaningful measurements, such as joint orientation. However, accuracy of joint orientation estimates using IMUs may be affected by environment, the joint tracked, type of motion performed and velocity. This study investigates a quality control (QC) process to assess the quality of orientation data based on features extracted from the raw inertial sensors’ signals. Joint orientation (trunk, hip, knee, ankle) of twenty participants was acquired by an optical motion capture system and IMUs during a variety of tasks (sit, sit-to-stand transition, walking, turning) performed under varying conditions (speed, environment). An artificial neural network was used to classify good and bad sequences of joint orientation with a sensitivity and a specificity above 83%. This study confirms the possibility to perform QC on IMU joint orientation data based on raw signal features. This innovative QC approach may be of particular interest in a big data context, such as for remote-monitoring of patients’ mobility.
The Design of Policy Instruments towards Sustainable Livestock Production in China: An Application of the Choice Experiment Method
Authors: Pan Dan
Published: July 2016

In face of gradual ecological deterioration, the Chinese government has been in search of more efficient and effective mitigation policies, aiming to promote the sustainability of livestock production. However, researchers and policy makers seem to neglect a key issue: pinpoint policies are the most important, which means niche targeting is the premise before any policy design, such that better knowing of the livestock farmers preference is prerequisite. This paper then analyzes this question using a method of choice experiment to elicit the farmers’ preference and valuation of livestock pollution control policy instruments at household-scale, medium-scale and large-scale farms. Five attributes (technology regulation, pollution charge, biogas subsidy, manure price, and information provisioning) were set as livestock pollution control policy instruments. In total, 754 pigs farmers from five representative provinces in China were surveyed, and the collected data were analyzed using random parameter logit models. The marginal substitution rates for attributes are estimated both with preference space approach and willingness to pay space approach. The results show significant heterogeneities in farmers’ preferences and valuations for livestock pollution control policy instruments within the three scales. All policy instruments effectively increased the manure eco-friendly treatment ratio for medium-scale farms, and household-scale farms showed little change in the manure eco-friendly treatment ratio under all policy instruments. Household-scale farms and medium-scale farms suggested the highest preference for the biogas subsidy policy, while large-scale farms suggested the highest preference for the manure price policy.
Employee Engagement for Sustainable Organizations: Keyword Analysis Using Social Network Analysis and Burst Detection Approach
Authors: Kim Woocheol , Khan Gohar , Wood Jacob , Mahmood Muhammad
Published: July 2016

The issue of sustainability is a vital long-term goal for organizations and as such has formed the basis of much academic research over the last two decades. Organizational sustainability is defined as the ability for an organization to accomplish a range of economic, environmental, and human performance objectives. As one of the most studied topics in organizational science, employee engagement at work is seen as a critical component to achieving sustainable organizational success. In order to better understand the employee engagement discourse, this study examined the keywords that appear in the titles and abstract of the employee engagement research domain using the burst detection and social network analysis techniques. A total of 1406 employee engagement relevant articles that were published from 1990 to 2015 were included and investigated in the study. The results revealed the fading, emerging, and central themes within the employee engagement domain.
Lebein, a Snake Venom Disintegrin, Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells
Authors: Hammouda Manel , Montenegro María , Sánchez-del-Campo Luis , Zakraoui Ons , Aloui Zohra , Riahi-Chebbi Ichrak , Karoui Habib , Rodríguez-López José , Essafi-Benkhadir Khadija
Published: July 2016

Melanoma, the most threatening form of skin cancer, has a very poor prognosis and is characterized by its very invasive and chemoresistant properties. Despite the recent promising news from the field of immunotherapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches that are free of resistance mechanisms and side effects. Anti-neoplasic properties have been highlighted for different disintegrins from snake venom including Lebein; however, the exact effect of Lebein on melanoma has not yet been defined. In this study, we showed that Lebein blocks melanoma cell proliferation and induces a more differentiated phenotype with inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) overexpression. Melanoma cells became detached but were less invasive with upregulation of E-cadherin after Lebein exposure. Lebein induced a caspase-independent apoptotic program with apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bim overexpression together with downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). It generated a distinct response in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p53 levels depending on the p53 cell line status (wild type or mutant). Therefore, we propose Lebein as a new candidate for development of potential therapies for melanoma.
Fouilles et découvertes récentes de l'Age du Fer dans le département du Nord
Authors: Cabuy Yves , Leman Delerive Germaine , Lourdaux S. , Mees N. , Nillesse O. , Routier Jean-Claude
Published: July 2016

Cet article donne un état des principales découvertes récentes de l'Age du Fer dans le département du Nord. Des habitats furent étudiés à Bray-Dunes, à Sequedin. Le murus gallicus de Flaumont-Waudrechies a également fait l'objet d'une fouille. Le site d'Houplin Ancoisne a livré des céramiques exceptionnelles de la fin de l'époque hallstattienne. Enfin, pour la première fois, des enclos funéraires furent mis au jour dans les Flandres.
Bavay : l'exploration archéologique au sud du forum : Les fouilles préliminaires à la construction du musée archéologique
Authors: Carmelez Jean-Claude
Published: July 2016

De beslissing een museum in situ te bouwen bracht de aankoop mee, door de Staat, van een grondstuk in de nabijheid van de archeologische zone. Daar werd van 1966 tot 1975 gegraven. Men vond er geen monumentale overblijfselen maar men kon nagaan hoe de bewoning er uitzag van de moderne tijden tot de période van Antoninus. Zo vond men achtereenvolgens overblijfselen van gebouwen en aardewerk uit de moderne en middeleeuwse tijden, daarna het niveau van het Late Keizerrijk met een deel van het oorspronkelijke verdediginssysteem, een gracht uit het derde kwart van de IIIe eeuw, en tenslotte de bewoning uit het Vroege Rijk : straten met grachten ernaast of riolen, een openbare fontain, insulae met voetpaden en eenvoudige woningen, een atelier warschijnlijk van leerdereiders en een domus. Na een begin in de tijd van de Flaviers en een uitbreiding ten tijde van de Antonijnen, werd het geheel verwoest en gereorganiseerd ten tijde van Severius, tot ailes verdween omstreeks 250. In de laagste lagen treft men sporen aan van een boerendorp uit de tijd van Augustus (-15 tot 12).
Prospection autour de Bavay : premier bilan
Authors: Loridant Frédéric , Bloemendaal Laura
Published: July 2016

En novembre 1989, une prospection pédestre eut lieu dans les alentours proches de Bavay. Le programme défini sur 3 ou 4 ans vise à établir l'histoire (dans le sens large du terme) des campagnes de l'Avesnois et les relations entre Bavay, centre urbain romain et les villes médiévales proches (Le Quesnoy, Valenciennes, Maubeuge). Durant cette première campagne, on s'est surtout intéressé aux abords immédiats de Bavay. On note une opposition entre le nord de la ville et le sud-est. Au nord, il semble que la cité romaine s'étendait plus loin qu'aujourd'hui. En effet, les champs sont couverts de tessons, de briques, de tegulae et de moellons ; un site d'habitat ( ?) fut découvert : d'après le matériel d'une fosse, il daterait de la seconde moitié du Ier siècle ou du début du IIe. Plus au nord, on a trouvé un complexe sub-urbain datable de l'époque romaine d'après le matériel. Au sud-est, aucun site (sauf un aménagement de ruisseau et de berges d'étangs) n'a été découvert. Tout le matériel ramassé date de l'époque moderne ou après (à part 3 ou 4 tessons romains). Il semblerait donc que le paysage antique et médiéval devait ressembler à celui d'aujourd'hui, c'est-à-dire une vaste zone de prairies.
Les assemblées protestataires du tiers état artésien (1761, 1763) : les prodromes d'une émancipation politique ?
Authors: Grevet René
Published: July 2016

Au début des années 1760, les députés des villes artésiennes représentant le tiers état de la province se réunirent deux fois à Béthune pour manifester leur désaccord à l'égard des ordres privilégiés. L'administration des marais communaux et celle des collèges formaient les principaux points de friction. L'opposition du tiers état organisée par des protégés de l'intendant, a favorisé ainsi un début d'émancipation politique par l'élargissement d'un espace de contestation jusqu'alors resserré dans le cadre des Etats de la province d'Artois. En 1789, la protestation de Robespierre peut apparaître comme une résurgence du conflit qui agita les élites artésiennes dans les années 1760.
Generalized Hertz model for bimodal nanomechanical mapping
Authors: Labuda Aleksander , Kocuń Marta , Meinhold Waiman , Walters Deron , Proksch Roger
Published: July 2016

Bimodal atomic force microscopy uses a cantilever that is simultaneously driven at two of its eigenmodes (resonant modes). Parameters associated with both resonances can be measured and used to extract quantitative nanomechanical information about the sample surface. Driving the first eigenmode at a large amplitude and a higher eigenmode at a small amplitude simultaneously provides four independent observables that are sensitive to the tip–sample nanomechanical interaction parameters. To demonstrate this, a generalized theoretical framework for extracting nanomechanical sample properties from bimodal experiments is presented based on Hertzian contact mechanics. Three modes of operation for measuring cantilever parameters are considered: amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. The experimental equivalence of all three modes is demonstrated on measurements of the second eigenmode parameters. The contact mechanics theory is then extended to power-law tip shape geometries, which is applied to analyze the experimental data and extract a shape and size of the tip interacting with a polystyrene surface.
Optimum Dispatch of Hybrid Solar Thermal (HSTP) Electric Power Plant Using Non-Smooth Cost Function and Emission Function for IEEE-30 Bus System
Authors: Dash Saroj Kumar , Priyambada Ray , Panda Chinmaya Kumar
Published: July 2016

The basic objective of economic load dispatch (ELD) is to optimize the total fuel cost of hybrid solar thermal electric power plant (HSTP). In ELD problems the cost function for each generator has been approximated by a single quadratic cost equation. As cost of coal increases, it becomes even more important have a good model for the production cost of each generator for the solar thermal hybrid system. A more accurate formulation is obtained for the ELD problem by expressing the generation cost function as a piece wise quadratic cost function. However, the solution methods for ELD problem with piece wise quadratic cost function requires much complicated algorithms such as the hierarchical structure approach along with evolutionary computations (ECs). A test system comprising of 10 units with 29 different fuel [7] cost equations is considered in this paper. The applied genetic algorithm method will provide optimal solution for the given load demand.
Implementation & Analysis of Integrated Utility System in Developing Nation like India
Authors: Gupta Rajan , Muttoo Sunil Kumar , Pal Saibal Kumar
Published: July 2016

Public utility systems are prevalent around the world but are struggling in developing nations like India to work efficiently. Integration of different utilities can be a possible solution on the technology front, so that more requests can be handled with lesser problems. This study provides the implementation design and benefits of an already proposed integration system by the same authors. It is found that Data Storage, Access Time, Transaction Cost, security cost and server’s busy time can become more effective if the implementation of integration system can be put in place. The working prototype is based on three utilities (Gas, Power & Water) of Delhi-NCR, India.
Hardware Transactional Memories
Authors: Shahid Arsalan , Murad Maryam , Qadri Muhammad Yasir , Qadri Nadia N. , Ahmed Jameel
Published: July 2016

The initiation to have a concept of shared memory in processors has built an opportunity for thread level parallelism. In various applications, synchronization or ordering tools are utilized to have an access to shared data. Traditionally, multithreaded programming models usually suggest a set of low-level primitives, such as locks, to guarantee mutual exclusion. Possession of one or more locks protects access to shared data. But, due to some flaws they become a suboptimal solution. The idea of transactional memory is in research presently as an alternative to locks. Among which, one way is hardware transactional memory. Atomicity is well supported by using transactions in hardware. In this chapter, we have focused on hardware transactional memories and the work done on them so far.
CPU-GPU Computing
Authors: Fei Xiongwei , Li Kenli , Yang Wangdong , Li Keqin
Published: July 2016

Heterogeneous and hybrid computing has been heavily studied in the field of parallel and distributed computing in recent years. It can work on a single computer, or in a group of computers connected by a high-speed network. The former is the topic of this chapter. Its key points are how to cooperatively use devices that are different in performance and architecture to satisfy various computing requirements, and how to make the whole program achieve the best performance possible when executed. CPUs and GPUs have fundamentally different design philosophies, but combining their characteristics could avail better performance in many applications. However, it is still a challenge to optimize them. This chapter focuses on the main optimization strategies including “partitioning and load-balancing”, “data access”, “communication”, and “synchronization and asynchronization”. Furthermore, two applications will be introduced as examples of using these strategies.
Task-Based Crowd Simulation for Heterogeneous Architectures
Authors: Perez Hugo , Hernandez Benjamin , Rudomin Isaac , Ayguade Eduard
Published: July 2016

Industry trends in the coming years imply the availability of cluster computing with hundreds to thousands of cores per chip, as well as the use of accelerators. Programming presents a challenge due to this heterogeneous architecture; thus, using novel programming models that facilitate this process is necessary. In this chapter, the case of simulation and visualization of crowds is presented. The authors analyze and compare the use of two programming models: OmpSs and CUDA. OmpSs allows to take advantage of all the resources available per node by combining the CPU and GPU while automatically taking care of memory management, scheduling, communications and synchronization. Experimental results obtained from Fermi, Kepler and Maxwell GPU architectures are presented, and the different modes used for visualizing the results are described, as well.
A Theoretic Representation of the Effects of Targeted Failures in HPC Systems
Authors: Don Clark A.
Published: July 2016

High performance computing (HPC) systems are becoming the norm for daily use and care must be made to ensure that these systems are resilient. Recent contributions on resiliency have been from quantitative and qualitative perspectives where general system failures are considered. However, there are limited contributions dealing with the specific classes of failures that are directly related to cyber-attacks. In this chapter, the author uses the concepts of transition processes and limiting distributions to perform a generic theoretical investigation of the effects of targeted failures by relating the actions of the cyber-enemy (CE) to different risk levels in an HPC system. Special cases of constant attack strategies are considered where exact solutions are obtained. Additionally, a stopped process is introduced to model the effects of system termination. The results of this representation can be directly applied throughout the HPC community for monitoring and mitigating cyber-attacks.
High Performance Computing on Mobile Devices
Authors: Khan Atta ur Rehman , Khan Abdul Nasir
Published: July 2016

Mobile devices are gaining high popularity due to support for a wide range of applications. However, the mobile devices are resource constrained and many applications require high resources. To cater to this issue, the researchers envision usage of mobile cloud computing technology which offers high performance computing, execution of resource intensive applications, and energy efficiency. This chapter highlights importance of mobile devices, high performance applications, and the computing challenges of mobile devices. It also provides a brief introduction to mobile cloud computing technology, its architecture, types of mobile applications, computation offloading process, effective offloading challenges, and high performance computing application on mobile devises that are enabled by mobile cloud computing technology.
Wireless Enabling Technologies for the Internet of Things
Authors: Elkhodr Mahmoud , Shahrestani Seyed , Cheung Hon
Published: July 2016

This Chapter provides several comparable studies of some of the major evolving and enabling wireless technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT). Particularly, it focuses on the ZigBee, 6lowpan, Bluetooth Low Energy, LTE, and the different versions of Wi-Fi protocols including the IEEE 802.11ah. The studies, reported in this chapter, evaluate the capabilities and behaviors of these technologies in terms of various metrics including the data range and rate, network size, RF Channels and Bandwidth, Antenna design considerations, Power Consumption, and their Ecosystem. It is concluded that the requirements of each IoT application play a significant role in the selection of a suitable wireless technology.
Implementation of Reactor Control Rod Position Sensing/Display Using a VLSI Chip
Authors: Mahmoud Imbaby I.
Published: July 2016

The chapter describes the use of CPLDs and FPGAs devices in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Instruments. The design, simulation, implementation and test of a reactor control rod position sensing electronic unit intended as a replacement of the outdated Russian type in old power reactors is presented. The signals are generated from12 ring-shaped pair of inductively coupled coils surrounding the reactor moving rod. The implementation involves both analog and digital design. The designed digital circuit has 12 TTL outputs working in a 1-out-of-12 mode, excluding both double [2-out-of-12] and no-output state. To avoid a flickering display during transition between two neighboring positions, some sort of hysteresis is implemented. One time this hysteresis is implemented through a state machine deriving up/down counter. The state machine is synthesized targeting a Xilinx Spartan XL device. To reduce the possibility of power failure effects, another circuit consists of combinatorial logic and implemented in CPLD is presented. However, energy harvesting methods in NPPs can support counter based design.
Dynamic Reconfiguration for Internal Monitoring Services
Authors: Gazzano Julio Daniel Dondo , Calle Fernando Rincon , Caba Julian , de la Fuente David , Romero Jesus Barba
Published: July 2016

In hardware design flow, testing is the most important step to hardware quality assurance before a hardware component is released. However simulation and verification during design steps are not enough to guarantee a system without failures. In many cases the system fails after have been deployed. Dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs have the ability to reconfigure part of its architecture during run time without stopping the whole system. This feature is an added value that can be exploited for internal system monitoring and verification. Using partial reconfiguration, an Internal Monitoring System can be implemented in reconfigurable areas for monitoring different conditions and signals in the circuit, after implementation. This allows detecting and identifying those failures that were not possible to detect during simulation process.
Hardware Acceleration of CBIR System with FPGA-Based Platform
Authors: Gil-Costa Veronica , Molina Romina Soledad , Petrino Ricardo , Paez Carlos Federico Sosa , Printista A. Marcela , Gazzano Julio Daniel Dondo
Published: July 2016

Typical applications involving image retrieval processes demand a great amount of computation. The visual content of the images is extracted and represented by means of descriptor vectors of multidimensional characteristics. The image retrieval process consists of two tasks: (1) generation of database and indexing; and (2) the search process. The first task involves the construction of descriptor vectors. Then, an index is built upon the database to speed the search process. The second requires calculating a descriptor vector for the query image and computes the similarity search with the ones stored in the index. In this context, it is relevant to devise new algorithms and different parallel platforms that can reduce execution times. In particular, this work focuses on platforms with FPGAs based SoCs to present and evaluate a two stage system where the index is constructed off-line and the similarity search is executed on-line. Results show that the FPGA is 73% faster than a 2 Quad CPU to compute the descriptor vector of an image when using the Color Layout Descriptor of MPEG-7.
Economic Load Dispatch Using Linear Programming
Authors: Al-Subhi Ahmad A. , Alfares Hesham K.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an optimum solution of the economic dispatch (ED) problem without considering transmission losses using linear programming (LP). In the ED problem, several on-line units (generators) are available, and it is needed to determine the power to produce by each unit in order to meet the required load at minimum total cost. To apply LP, the nonlinear cost functions of all generators are approximated by linear piecewise functions. To examine the effectiveness of this linearization method, a comprehensive set of benchmark test problems is used consisting of 3, 6, 18, 20, 38, and 40 generators. Using this set, LP solutions of linearized ED problems are compared with several other techniques available in the literature. The LP technique with piecewise linearization shows an overall competitive advantage in terms of total cost, solution time, and load satisfaction accuracy. The impact of varying the width of the linearized pieces (segments) is also discussed. All the computational analysis is performed using MATLAB software environment.
An Ant Colony Optimization and Hybrid Metaheuristics Algorithm to Solve the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Rajappa Gautham Puttur , Wilck Joseph H. , Bell John E.
Published: July 2016

Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP) is a relaxation of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that allows the same customer to be served by more than one vehicle. Existing literature has applied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to other variants of VRP but no known research effort has applied ACO or a combination of ACO and GA to solve the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP). Hence, two algorithms using ACO and hybrid metaheuristics algorithm comprising a combination of ACO, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and heuristics is proposed and tested on existing benchmark SDVRP problems. The results indicate that the two proposed algorithms are competitive in both solution quality and solution time and for some problem instances, the best ever solutions have been found.
Emotional Labor and Its Influence on Employees' Work and Personal Life in a Philippine Franchise Dining Industry Setting
Authors: Sia Leahlizbeth A.
Published: July 2016

Emotional labor involves an employee handling a wide range of his or her feelings and emotions on the job, interacting with a customer. Emotional awareness and control is necessary to maintain positive relationships with customers, and ensure continued income and profit for the company. Yet the majority of these emotions and feelings are fake, or what Hochschild (2012) defines either as surface acting or deep acting. This research paper sought to examine the effects of acting on a regular basis on the part of the employees of several international dining franchises in Cebu, Philippines, whether it leads to emotional exhaustion, stress, or it affects their productivity, relationship with co-workers and family, or influences their decision to quit their jobs. These employees work in upscale quick-service restaurants. A Likert-scale, 81-item questionnaire was sent out to 136 employees. A focus group discussion followed, to check for understanding and validity and reliability of the survey answers. Regression analysis was used to analyze and interpret the results.
A Novel Cache Replacement Policy for Web Proxy Caching System Using Web Usage Mining
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi V.
Published: July 2016

Network congestion remains one of the main barriers to the continuing success of the internet and Web based services. In this background, proxy caching is one of the most successful solutions for civilizing the performance of Web since it reduce network traffic, Web server load and improves user perceived response time. Here, the most popular Web objects that are likely to be revisited in the near future are stored in the proxy server thereby it improves the Web response time and saves network bandwidth. The main component of Web caching is it cache replacement policy. It plays a key role in replacing existing objects when there is no room for new one especially when cache is full. Moreover, the conventional replacement policies are used in Web caching environments which provide poor network performance. These policies are suitable for memory caching since it involves fixed sized objects. But, Web caching which involves objects of varying size and hence there is a need for an efficient policy that works better in Web cache environment. Moreover, most of the existing Web caching policies have considered few factors and ignored the factors that have impact on the efficiency of Web proxy caching. Hence, it is decided to propose a novel policy for Web cache environment. The proposed policy includes size, cost, frequency, ageing, time of entry into the cache and popularity of Web objects in cache removal policy. It uses the Web usage mining as a technique to improve Web caching policy. Also, empirical analyses shows that proposed policy performs better than existing policies in terms of various performance metrics such as hit rate and byte hit rate.
Disambiguating the Twitter Stream Entities and Enhancing the Search Operation Using DBpedia Ontology
Authors: Kumar N. Senthil , Muruganantham Dinakaran
Published: July 2016

The web and social web is holding the huge amount of unstructured data and makes the searching processing more cumbersome. The principal task here is to migrate the unstructured data into the structured data through the appropriate utilization of named entity detections. The goal of the paper is to automatically build and store the deep knowledge base of important facts and construct the comprehensive details about the facts such as its related named entities, its semantic classes of the entities and its mutual relationship with its temporal context can be thoroughly analyzed and probed. In this paper, the authors have given and proposed the model to identify all the major interpretations of the named entities and effectively link them to the appropriate mentions of the knowledge base (DBpedia). They finally evaluate the approaches that uniquely identify the DBpedia URIs of the selected entities and eliminate the other candidate mentions of the entities based on the authority rankings of those candidate mentions.