bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratégias e incidência empresarial na atual política educacional brasileira: O caso do movimento ‘Todos Pela Educação’
Authors: Martins Erika Moreira , Krawczyk Nora Rut
Published: June 2018

Atualmente, observa-se na política educativa brasileira a influência constante de organizações empresariais que se entrelaçam com os quadros políticos, de entre as quais se destaca o Movimento Todos pela Educação (TPE). Procura-se aqui apresentar o TPE, discutindo seus objetivos e suas principais estratégias para incidir na política educativa brasileira. Utilizou-se vasta pesquisa documental e entrevistas com os principais atores do movimento. O TPE age como uma ampla coalizão, organiza-se em uma densa rede e atua como um Think Tank da educação. O presente artigo identifica indícios de um novo estágio de reestruturação do espaço público e de suas instituições. Em tal estágio, o empresariado busca o fortalecimento da capacidade de execução do aparelho estatal e institucional, tomando as rédeas desse processo, em nome da necessidade do controle social.Palavras-chave: Reformas educativas; Educação e empresários; Políticas educativas; Advocacy; Brasil ABSTRACTWe can observe, in the current Brazilian education policy, the influence of entrepreneurial organizations that interweave with the political scenario, among which the ‘All for Education’ movement (‘Movimento Todos pela Educação’ - TPE) stands out. We used extensive documentary research and interviews with the main actors of the organization. We aim to introduce this movement and discuss its objectives and main strategies concerning the Brazilian education policy. The TPE Movement acts as a broad coalition, organizing itself in a dense network and acting as a ‘Think Tank’ on education. This study identifies signs of a new restructuration phase of public space and institutions, where entrepreneurs seek to strength the operational capability of governmental and institutional apparatus, assuming the command of this process in the name of the social control demand. Keywords: Education Reforms; Education and entrepreneurs; Education policies; Advocacy; Brazil
Revezamentos entre teoria e prática: Movimentos que acionam outros modos de pensar o ensino da arte
Authors: De Oliveira Marilda Oliveira , Cardonetti Vivien Kelling , Dos Santos Cláudia Aparecida , Garlet Francieli Regina
Published: June 2018

Este texto abordará algumas experimentações que temos realizado no Ensino Superior com as turmas de graduação e também com turmas de pós-graduação. Nosso desafio tem sido: como fazer um revezamento entre teoria e prática de maneira a que essas instâncias não aconteçam de formas separadas? Para tanto, temos procurado sobrepô-las de modo a que aconteçam concomitantemente. Essas experimentações têm se dado na forma de elaborar os projetos de estágio e nas próprias aulas de estágio curricular supervisionado, onde os professores em formação assumem uma turma na escola ou em outro espaço educativo. Igualmente no que se refere aos procedimentos de fazer pesquisa, procura-se que a dissertação e a tese também sejam operadas a partir deste revezamento e concomitância. Para a realização desta escrita empreendeu-se um estudo teórico-conceitual de cunho bibliográfico em autores filiados nas bases teóricas das filosofias da diferença. Desse modo, buscou-se a despersonalização dos autores para falar de uma vida que é escrita por atravessamentos e encontros, ou seja, pensar a vida como a própria elaboração do texto, uma escrita biografemática, seguindo a proposta de Roland Barthes. Assim fomos compondo, com o vivido, com as leituras, as falas nos encontros e as visualidades, os apontamentos, e a partir dessa materialidade é que ensaiamos esse texto.Palavras-chave: Filosofias da diferença; Ensino da arte; Biografemática; Educação ABSTRACTThis text will approach some experimentations we have developed in higher education with groups of undergraduate and graduate students. Our challenge has been: how to alternate theory and practice in a way that these instances do not happen apart from each other? To do so, we have sought to overlap them so that they happen concomitantly. These experimentations have occurred as elaborations of practice projects, in the classes of the supervised teaching practice, where teacher candidates are responsible for a school group or other. Equally, as far as research procedures are concerned, Master’s dissertations and PhD theses are also operated through this alternation and concomitance. To the accomplishment of this writing, a theoretical-conceptual bibliographic study has been developed with authors aligned with the theoretical basis of the philosophies of difference. Hence, we sought for the depersonalization of authors to speak of a life written by crossings and encounters, i.e. to think life as the very own elaboration of text, a biographematic writing, as Roland Barthes proposes. This way we started composing, with the experienced, the readings, the speeches in the encounters and the visualities, the notes, and through this materiality we wrote this text.Keywords: Philosophies of difference; Art teaching; Biographematics; Education
Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2(rod)-SiO2-Polyaniline Nanocomposite
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Kunarti Eko Sri , Swasono Respati Tri , Kartini Indriana
Published: June 2018

A study of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composites coated with polyaniline (PANI) has been performed. PANI was synthesized through in-situ polymerization of aniline at various concentration (0.0137, 0.0274, and 0.0411 M) on the composite under acidic condition. PANI was confirmed by the appearance of C=N, C=C vibrations and the redshift of the band-gap from 3.14 eV for the TiO2(rod)-SiO2 into 3.0 eV for the TSP01 composite. It is also shown that the polymerization does not change the crystal structure of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 as confirmed by the XRD pattern. The TEM image shows a mixed structure of SiO2 coated by TiO2(rod)-PANI layers and the oxides coated by PANI layers. Therefore, the surface area of the resulted TiO2(rod) and the composites did not change significantly. The T TiO2(rod)-SiO2-PANI composite give small improvement under visible irradiation from 20.25 to 25.59% (around 5% from the bulk of TiO2(rod)) and from 25.03 to 25.59% (around 2% from TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composite). The mixed structure of the composites, as well as the formation of excessive layers of PANI, are possibly the case for the low photoactivity. Further improvement to obtain a core-shell structure with a thin layer of PANI is still sought.
Steam Influence and Effect of Oxidant Amount on Propane Oxidation over Multi Metal Oxide Catalyst Using High-Throughput Experiment
Authors: Widi Restu Kartiko , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: June 2018

The high-throughput experimentation technique was used to verify the testing conditions due to the effects of catalyst structure modifications and/or due to reaction parameter variation in parallel. In this paper, the design of experiment and catalytic results are discussed in the development of selective oxidation catalyst, to demonstrate the importance and versatility of such technology. It is used for the automated parallel testing of selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over some types of multi metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts used for performance test were Mo (molybdenum), cat-1 (unsupported Mo1V0.3Te0.23Nb0.125O), and cat-2 (supported Mo1V0.3Te0.23Nb0.125O). All catalysts were dried using spray drier. The effect of some reaction parameters, such as the amount of oxidant, presence of steam and reaction temperature was also investigated during the test. The configuration of the ‘nanoflow’ is shown to be suitable to screen catalytic performance. The results obtained gave very good reproducibility.
Alumina Extraction from Red Mud by Magnetic Separation
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto , Istiqomah Zahrotul , Santoso Eko , Dawam Ahmad Anwarud , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: June 2018

Alumina extraction from red mud has been investigated by magnetic separation with three-step treatment. First, the addition of red mud with Na2CO3 (12 wt%) and heated at 110 °C for 4 h. The second step was carbon reduction using coal with mass ratio of (red mud+Na2CO3) : coal was 1:3 then roasted at temperature of 850, 950, and 1050 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The third step was magnetic separation. The magnetic separation was carried out in order to remove magnetite produced during roasting process. Magnetic and non-magnetic phases obtained were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. The non-magnetic phase obtained was leached using HCl 6 M, and then aluminum content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The result revealed that the highest aluminum oxide extracted from the red mud was 20.66 wt% obtained by roasting at temperature of 1050 °C for 2 h.
Sequential Condensation and Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction of Furfural-Acetone Adduct over Mix Catalysts Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 in Water
Authors: Ulfa Siti Mariyah , Ohorella Rizka Fauzia , Astutik Caterina Widya
Published: June 2018

Sequential condensation and hydrodeoxygenation reaction were perform using autoclave batch reactor in the presence of water as a solvent. The condensation of furfural and acetone was performed using MgO catalyst followed by hydrodeoxygenation using mix catalyst Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2. The catalyst was prepared by wet-impregnation method and analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDX as well as BET surface. Condensation of furfural and acetone in 1:2 mol ratio was carried out by reflux gave 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one and 1,5-bis-(2-furanyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one. The condensation product was then subjected for hydrodeoxygenation using batch reactor, catalyzed by mixed Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 at 150 and 180 °C for 2 h. The product identified as alkane derivatives with the conversion at 38.83 and 50.35%, respectively. The selectivity of hydrocarbon is 61.39% at 150 °C and 16.55% at 180 °C. Increasing the reaction temperature to 200 °C did not give any products except the recovery of the precursor. It showed that higher temperature enhanced the catalyst activity but the selectivity is controlled by low reaction temperature.
QMCF-MD Simulation and NBO Analysis of K(I) Ion in Liquid Ammonia
Authors: Hidayat Yuniawan , Armunanto Ria , Pranowo Harno Dwi
Published: June 2018

Ab initio of Quantum Mechanics Charge Field Molecular Dynamic (QMCF-MD) of K(I) ion in liquid ammonia has been studied. A Hartree-Fock level of theory was coupled with LANL2DZ ECP basis set for K(I) ion and DZP (Dunning) for ammonia. Two regions as first and second solvation shell were observed. In the first solvation shell at distance 3.7 (Å), K(I) ion was coordinated by four to eight ammonia molecules dominated by K(NH3)6+ species. Second shell of solvation was ranging between 3.7 Å to 7.3 Å. Within simulation time of 20 ps, the frequent exchange processes of ligands indicating for a very labile solvation structure. Four mechanism types of ligand exchange between first and second solvation shell were observed. Mean residence time of ligand is less than 2 ps confirming weak in ion-ligand interaction. Evaluation of K(NH3)6+ using natural bond orbital analysis shows that the Wiberg bond Index is less than 0.05 indicating weak electrostatic interaction of K-N.
Transport Properties, Mechanical Behavior, Thermal and Chemical Resistance of Asymmetric Flat Sheet Membrane Prepared from PSf/PVDF Blended Membrane on Gauze Supporting Layer
Authors: Kusumawati Nita , Setiarso Pirim , Sianita Maria Monica , Muslim Supari
Published: June 2018

Asymmetric polysulfone (PSf) membrane is prepared using phase inversion method and blending with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) on the gauze solid support. Casting solution composition optimization has been done to get PSf/PVDF membrane with best characteristics and permeability. The result shows that blending on PSf with PVDF polymer using phase inversion method has been very helpful in creating an asymmetric porous membrane. Increased level of PVDF in casting solution has increased the formation of asymmetry structure and corresponding flux membrane. The result from thermal test using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)-Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) shows the resistance of the membrane to temperature 460 °C. Membrane resistance against acid looks from undetectable changes on infrared spectra after immersion process in H2SO4 6–98 v/v%. While membrane color changes from white to brownish and black is detected after the immersion process in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.15–80 w/v%.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Leachate Using Electro-Assisted Phytoremediation (EAPR) and Up-Take by Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)
Authors: Putra Rudy Syah , Hastika Febby Yulia
Published: June 2018

The garbage disposal management using landfill system produces an unpleasant odor of wastewater (i.e. leachate) which can disrupt the groundwater equilibrium in the rainy season. The combination of electro-assisted and phytoremediation which is hereinafter referred as Electro-Assisted Phytoremediation (EAPR) for removal of heavy metals from leachate has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A batch reactor setting was used to evaluate the potential removal and uptake of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb) concentration by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in the aquatic environment. An EAPR system was carried out for 11 d using constant voltage of 2 V. The results showed that the heavy metals concentration in the leachate decreased significantly for Cu, Fe, Cd and Pb metals from their initial concentration. The EAPR process could reduce as much as 77.8, 22, 31.6 and 30.0%, respectively for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb. Decreasing of heavy metals was followed by decreasing of TDS, electrical conductivity but increased DO concentration. Chlorophyll content in a treated plant with EAPR system showed that the water hyacinth could cope with the stress condition meanwhile accumulated high heavy metal concentration from the leachate.
Incorporation of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) for The Improved Properties of Hydrothermal Derived Calcium Phosphate Cements
Authors: Razali Nurul Nabilah , Sopyan Iis
Published: June 2018

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal route. Calcium oxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were used as calcium and phosphate precursors. The precursors were refluxed in distilled water at 90–100 °C and dried overnight until the calcium phosphate powder was formed. CPC was then produced by mixing the powder and distilled water at the powder-to-liquid (P/L) ratio of 1.5. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of 1 to 7% (w/w) was added and its effect on physical properties was investigated. It was proved that PVA addition up to 7% (w/w) has shortened the setting time but decreased the injectability. The PVA free CPC has the initial and final setting times of 71 and 187 min, respectively and the injectability of 99.92%. The compressive strength also increased with the amount of PVA added in CPC. In addition, soaking CPC in Ringer's solution for 7, 14 and 21 days also gave remarkable effects on cohesion, microstructure and mechanical properties of the cement.
Effect of Oxidation Agents on Photo-Decolorization of Vitamin B12 in the Presence of ZnO/UV-A System
Authors: Ahmed Luma Majeed , Saaed Shaymaa Ibrahim , Marhoon Ashraff Aziz
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work was to apply the many various oxidation agents namely H2O2, K2S2O8 and Fe2+ on the aqueous solution of vitamin B12 with the presence of ZnO. The results indicated that the use of the mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8 in suspension of vitamin B12 and ZnO gave a maximum efficiency percentage about 95.85% in 12 min; it was higher than that without the addition of oxidation reagent 79.33% in the same time. The obtained results demonstrated that the activation energy for this photoreaction without the addition of oxidation agent was more than that the apparent activation energy value with the used mixture of H2O2 and K2S2O8. The thermodynamic study showed that both reactions were endothermic, less-random and non-spontaneous. The ΔH# with the oxidant agents (31.43 kJ mol-1) is less than that without using oxidant agents (35.81 kJ mol-1). Moreover, the addition of series of oxidant agent solution to vitamin B12 solution led to change the photocatalytic activity for decolorization of vitamin B12 in suspension solution of ZnO, and was found the activity sequence as follows: (H2O2 + K2S2O8) > (H2O2 + Fe(II)) (Fenton reaction) > (H2O2) > (K2S2O8) > (without the oxidation agents) > (K2S2O8 + Fe(II)) > Fe(II).
MICROBICIDAL POTENTIALITY OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM IN VITRO CULTURE OF CLERODENDRON INFORTUNATUM L. AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENS
Authors: V. G. Meenu Krishnan , Murukan Greeshma , M. Aswathy J. , Lawarence Bosco , K. Murugan
Published: June 2018

Objective: Clerodendron infortunatum L. is a widely used medicinal herb over centuries for curing many skin-borne disorders. The present study was designed to validate the tribal knowledge by evaluating antimicrobial potential of purified anthocyanin extracted from in vitro cell suspension culture.Methods: The explants were inoculated on murashige and skoog (MS) medium mixed with various combinations of 2, 4-D a+BAP for callus induction. Green compact callus was initiated within 30 d from the explants on MS medium fortified with benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.0 mg/l)+2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l). Subsequently, anthocyanin was triggered from the compact callus by subculturing in the medium containing 2, 4-D and Kinetin. Cell suspension culture was also developed. Anthocyanin production was enhanced by elicitation using salicylic acid and others. Three chromatographic methods such as solid phase extraction by Sepharose C18 column, Oasis-MCX and Amberlite XAD 7+Sephadex LH 120 sorbents were used to purify the in vitro synthesized anthocyanin from the cell cultures. HPLC and molar absorptivity assay were carried to check the purity. Antimicrobial analysis was also carried using standard protocols to check minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC).Results: The mean purity values obtained by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPLC) were 90.9%±1.9, 80.60%±2.3 for Oasis MCX, Amberlite XAD-7+Sephadex LH-20 column respectively. However, the purity by molar absorptivity was found to be less. HPLC chromatogram revealed 12 fractions of anthocyanin. Inhibition zone diameter, MIC and MKC values obtained for the purified anthocyanin revealed its antimicrobial potentiality but at different levels among the selected bacteria and fungi. C. albicans, S. aureus, P. aerugenosa showed significant values followed by MRSA, E. coli and A. flavus. The results are comparable with the synthetic antibiotics. However, E. faecalis was more resistance. Mode of action was confirmed from the results of intracellular potassium leakage and bacterial membrane integrity analysis.Conclusion: Thus, the study confirms the efficacy of anthocyanin as natural antimicrobial and suggests the possibility of employing it as drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the pathogens.
A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Swathi N. , Kumar Voleti Vijaya , Farjana M. , Vardhan M. Vishnu , Munendra M. , Vijay Kumar G.
Published: June 2018

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a rural population of Nandyal.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Santhiram medical college and general hospital, Nandyal from July 2017 to December 2017, to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population. Results: In this study, 1000 patients were evaluated for the thyroid functioning, among them n=104(10.4%) showing positive results in hypothyroidism. The positive 104 patients showed that n=63 (60.57%) of the population are in the age limit of 21-40. Out of the same population are n=11 (10.6%) are male and female are n=93 (89.43%). In age group distribution more prevalence was observed in 21-30 y of age group n=36 (34.61%). In this study, sub-clinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in females n=80 (76.92%) than males n=10 (9.61%).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that hypothyroidism was higher in a female with age group as 21-40 y and there is a significant prevalence of hypothyroidism in the study population.
A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF STROKE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Fathima Maliha , Najeeb Sanjeeda , Fatima Sumaiya , Khalid Syeda Maseera , Nikhat Syeda Rana , Rao Ram Chandar
Published: June 2018

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stroke and its management with various risk factors, i.e. non-modifiable and modifiable at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: It is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of six months including established cases of stroke. The study was carried out in100 patients to evaluate risk factors and management of stroke. The data obtained with the designed data collection form were analyzed using Odds ratio and Chi-Square test.Results: Ischemic stroke accounted for 70% of cases followed by Intracerebral Hemorrhage (20%) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%) and Transient Ischemic Attack (5%). Out of 100 patients, there were 74 male and 26 female patients, indicating males at higher risk. Majority of patients were between the age group 41-60 y. based on the Odds ratio hypertensive and alcoholics were more prone to stroke occurrence and recurrence. Chi-Square test performed for age and gender was not significant at significance level P<0.05.Conclusion: In this study, ischemic stroke was most prevalent. Hypertension was the major risk factor indicating strong evidence of stroke occurrence and recurrence. The factors having the major implication in the development of stroke were Hypertension, Alcoholism, Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Coronary Artery Disease, Tobacco, and others. Proper management includes non-pharmacological (physiotherapy) along with pharmacological treatment (Osmotic diuretics were most commonly prescribed followed by hypolipidemics, cognition enhancers, anticoagulants, dual antihypertensive therapy).
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TEPHROSIA CALOPHYLLA FOR ANTI-DIABETIC PROPERTIES
Authors: C Ramesh , A Prameela Rani
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective the present work was to investigate in vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla against alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats.Methods: For in vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in albino rats by administering a single dose of alloxan. The study was designed to test the acute effect of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla (TCME) to reduce blood glucose in OGTT. The chronic study of 21 d was performed against diabetic rats and blood glucose was determined at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. In chronic in vivo study, serum concentrations of insulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also estimated at 21st day. The in vitro α-glucisidase inhibitory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity were performed and IC50 values of the extract was determined. The glucose uptake by rat hemidiaphragm model was also used test potentials of the extract to increase utilization of the glucose by tissues.Results: In OGTT, standard glibenclamide and TCME at 400 mg/kg treated animals have shown significant reduction in blood glucose at 90 min but at 120 min, blood glucose level (BGL) was significantly reduced in glibenclamide and TCME at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated animals compared to diabetic control group. In chronic modelthe methanol extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.001) at 14 th and 21st day of study in therapeutic groups and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides (TGs), Total cholesterol (TC) and urea in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P>0.01). In vitro studies, against both glucosidae and  amyalase inhibitory activities, extract has shown significant IC50 values and it also enhanced glucose utilization by rat hemidaphragm.Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla possess significant in vivo anti-diabetic properties against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. The results also suggests that, TCME also possess the significant in vitro anti-dabetic potentials.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL GENETIC BARCODING AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON LEAVES OF DALBERGIA VOLUBILIS ROXB.–AN EXTRA PHARMACOPOEIAL DRUG
Authors: Rabinarayan Acharya , Switu Jani , Harisha C. R. , Vinay Shukla
Published: June 2018

Objective: The leaves of Biraskala have been reported for its ethnomedicinal claims for the management of aphthae, heart pain, menorrhagia and post-partum problem. Botanically it has been identified as Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. This research article overcomes the lacuna and explores the anatomical, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding and preliminary phytochemical analysis including High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC).Methods: After proper authentication, leaves were exposed to macroscopy, microscopy and micrometric analysis and physicochemical, qualitative, quantitative and HPTLC study as per of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). DNA barcoding of the fresh tender leaves samples were carried out following standard methods.Results: Macroscopically leaves are compound, unipinnate, imparipinnate, rachis base pulvinus, leaflets 11-13. Microscopy of T. S. of rachis resembles anatomical structure of stem. Schematic outline of T. S. of petiolule is circular in shape with single layer epidermis is followed by ground tissue and centrally located vascular bundle. Schematic outline of T. S. of leaflet is bulged in the center and the extending arms of lamina are linear. Surface study reveals stomatal index to be 33.33. The genetic barcoding confirms the species D. volubilis. Loss on drying was found to be 8.78±0.57. HPTLC results shows 6 peaks and 7 peaks at 254 and 366 nm.Conclusion: D. volubilis, is a woody climbing unarmed inland shrub with stipules modified into hook and imparipinnately unipinnate compound leaves, are the key field identification character of the plant. Typical microscopical characteristic are presence of solitary crystal mostly embedded in sheath surrounding the vascular bundle and paracyctic type of stomata.
STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CLEVIDIPINE BUTYRATE IN SYNTHETIC MIXTURE
Authors: Pandya Charu P. , Rajput Sadhana J.
Published: June 2018

Objective: To develop and validate stability indicating HPTLC method for determination of clevidipine butyrate in synthetic mixture.Methods: The present study deals with development and validation of stability indicating HPTLC method for estimation of clevidipine butryate. Chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum plate pre coated with Silica Gel 60 F254 using toluene: ethyl acetate (8:2) as mobile phase. TLC scanner was set at wavelength of 370 nm.Results: Retention factor Rf of clevidipine was found to be 0.49. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Calibration curve was in the range of 1000-6000ng/band. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999. The precision expressed by RSD was less than 2%. The accuracy of method was confirmed by recovery studies using standard addition method and recovery was found to be 99.03-99.57%. The drug was subjected to ICH prescribed hydrolytic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Clevidipine and its degradation products were well resolved under experimental conditions. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The drug showed significant degradation in alkaline and acidic condition and slight degradation in oxidative condition. The drug was stable in thermal condition.Conclusion: A new, Simple, Accurate, Precise, Sensitive and economic stability indicating HPTLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of clevidipine and can be employed for stability indicating analysis.
PILL BURDEN, DRUG CLASS DISTRIBUTION AND FINANCIAL BURDEN FOR BUYING MEDICINES IN DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Cirevalli Pavithra , Nimmanapalli Harini Devi , Parlapalli Lalith Kumar , Nuthalapati Lakshmi Sowjanya , Kuttiappan Anitha , Vishnu Bhotla Siva Kumar
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the pill burden (PB), drug class distribution and financial burden for buying medicines in different treatment modalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in 244 CKD patients and they were divided into 4 groups as follows: pre-dialysis patients (stages 1-5) as group 1, hemodialysis (HD) patients as group 2, peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients as group 3 and renal transplant recipient (RTR) patients as group 4. Data was collected in pre-designed form through direct patient interaction.Results: Out of 244 CKD patients, PB considering the total number of pills/d in different modalities is 12±5 in pre-dialysis, 10±3 in HD, 13±5 in PD, 14±7 in RTR and for the number of drug classes/d in different modalities is 7±3 in pre-dialysis, 7±2 in HD, 8±3 in PD and 9±3 in RTR. On average mean PB in a number of pills/d is 12±5 and number of drug classes/d is 8±3. Among all the patients, the RTR individuals are having high medicinal expenditure in comparison to the other modalities.Conclusion: PB for the number of pills/d is highest in RTR and almost similar in different modalities. Great improvement in reducing the PB as well as financial burden directly or indirectly improves the patient compliance as well as the quality of life.
IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE ERGONOMICS FOR POWER-LOOM TEXTILE WORKERS
Authors: Kolgiri Somnath , Hiremath Rahul
Published: June 2018

Objective: This ergonomic study focuses on identifying and understanding the occupational health and safety risk aspects of power-loom industry workers from Solapur City, Maharashtra, India.Methods: The samples of 540 workers were assessed for their general physique, muscle tone (MT), a lung condition, and eyesight (ES) using different techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was used to asses normal physique. The Snellen chart was used to check normal eyesight. A peak flow meter was used to determine lung condition.Result: In this study, it was found that most of the workers were influenced by respiratory issues, increase in muscle tone, eye issues and musculoskeletal issues. The subjects were compared with controls. Linear regression analysis shows (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.287–0.426) p<0.05*.Conclusion: Based on these outcomes; it strongly emphasized the need for policies for successful implementation of health safety program. Therefore, to improve the health of these workers the suggestions and recommendations were presented in accordance with the ergonomics principle and existing labor laws.
VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY AND RISK OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Hallak Aya , Malhis Mahmoud , Abajy Mohammad Yaser
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin D plasma concentrations and prevalence of prespecified coronary risk factors, and to assess the role of vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods: In this study, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in 60 consecutive ACS patients at hospital presentation, and patient data including socio-demographics and clinical variables were recorded at the time of admission. We used the Independent samples T-test and the chi-square test to compare differences in the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The partial correlation coefficient was used to measure association between plasma vitamin D levels and acute coronary syndrome while controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.Results: This study found significant associations between low plasma vitamin D levels and prevalence of hypertension and smoking. Whereas, no significant association between low plasma vitamin D levels and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was found. There was a statistically significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and acute coronary syndrome, even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.028).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with acute coronary syndromes, and could be an independent risk factor for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Derrama de las exportaciones industriales en países de Latinoamérica
Authors: Márquez Marco Antonio
Published: June 2018

En el contexto de apertura comercial, las economías de América Latina se han esforzado por explotar las ventajas comparativas e insertarse en los procesos productivos mundiales; pese a que las exportaciones de la industria muestran crecimiento, también han impactado modestamente en el aumento del producto en las economías latinas. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la influencia de las exportaciones industriales sobre el nivel de producto de seis países latinoamericanos con el modelo de insumoproducto y la teoría de redes. La hipótesis busca probar que en las transacciones totales de la economía, la derrama de las exportaciones del sector industrial de cada país es más diversificada cuanto más comercia con Estados Unidos, pese a que es débil debido a la poca articulación estructural de cada país.
Corporate social responsibility in Greek higher educational institutions
Authors: Pitoska Electra , Katarachia Androniki , Giannakis Konstantinos
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the present paper is to explore how key stakeholders at the Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) perceive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and value its practical application. To analyse the dominant perceptions of stakeholders towards CSR in HEIs, a qualitative empirical research was conducted in the region of Northern Greece, via online structured questionnaires. The results demonstrated that there are differences in CSR perception and understanding among the surveyed stakeholders. It is worth noting that the majority of the participants were aware of the actual meaning and purpose of CSR, as well as of the potential benefits from its implementation. Most of the stakeholders considered CSR as a contemporary concept, related to environmental and social aspects, company profitability, legislative framework, voluntary work and charity as well as sustainable development. In addition, the research highlighted that it is vital that Greek HEIs incorporate CSR or business ethics in their curricula. Finally, the research also demonstrated the reasons for applying CSR in Higher Education and the methods of application, which would enable HEIs to build proper attitude towards CSR.
Analysis of equivalent temperature - case of Kragujevac city
Authors: Milentijevic Nikola , Dragojlovic Jovan , Cimbaljevic Marija , Ristic Dusan , Kalkan Kristina , Buric Dragan
Published: June 2018

A more complete climate image of a site is obtained by analyzing bioclimatic indicators. In this paper, an analysis of the physiological sense of heat in the territory of the city of Kragujevac was presented. Bioclimatic considerations are based on the equivalent temperature, which represents the combined influence of air temperature and water vapor pressure. Based on these two climatic elements, the corresponding equations and the Kr?ger anthropo-climatic classifications, three climate types and nine physiological sensations of heat for the territory of the city of Kragujevac were isolated. Their significance in bioclimatology is that they cause different sensations of heat in healthy and sick people, and can serve as the basis for the expected types of bioclimate during the year. Urban areas are areas of higher population concentration to which the climate elements act stimulating or, on the contrary, discouraging, which depends on the person's health. For the needs of this work, a thirty-year climate period (1981-2010) was analyzed based on the data obtained from the weather station Kragujevac. There are significant historical and tourist sites and natural resources in the city and its surroundings, which can be valorized complementarily. Analyzed values of equivalent temperatures can be used for the planning of tourist activities and in means of tourist propaganda. For this purpose, this work can be a solid bioclimatic basis.
Diabetes and Trajectories of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Warren Bethany , Rebholz Casey M. , Sang Yingying , Lee Alexandra K. , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Grams Morgan E.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

To characterize long-term kidney disease trajectories in persons with and without diabetes in a general population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We classified 15,517 participants in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study by diabetes status at baseline (1987–1989; no diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes). We used linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes to quantify estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories at four visits over 26 years.

RESULTS

Adjusted mean eGFR decline over the full study period among participants without diabetes was −1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −1.5 to −1.4), with undiagnosed diabetes was −1.8 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −2.0 to −1.7) (difference vs. no diabetes, P < 0.001), and with diagnosed diabetes was −2.5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −2.6 to −2.4) (difference vs. no diabetes, P < 0.001). Among participants with diagnosed diabetes, risk factors for steeper eGFR decline included African American race, APOL1 high-risk genotype, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, insulin use, and higher HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes is an important risk factor for kidney function decline. Those with diagnosed diabetes declined almost twice as rapidly as those without diabetes. Among people with diagnosed diabetes, steeper declines were seen in those with modifiable risk factors, including hypertension and glycemic control, suggesting areas for continued targeting in kidney disease prevention.
Instructional Strategies that Respond to Global Learners’ Needs in Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Phan Trang
Published: June 2018

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are one of the most innovative forms of online instruction delivered to learners of different language, cultural and educational backgrounds around the world. These multicultural learners have diverse communication styles, learning behaviors and needs that are manifested and demonstrated differently in such a large scale online learning environment as MOOCs. There is little research on how aspects of MOOC learners’ diverse cultural backgrounds and learning behaviors are perceived, how these learners are characterized in terms of their learning needs, and how the MOOC instructors and instructional designers respond to these needs in the course design process.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how MOOC learners’ diverse learning needs, stemming from their different language, cultural and educational backgrounds, were perceived and responded to during the course design and delivery. Participants were fifteen instructors and instructional designers in American higher educational institutions who were involved in designing and delivering a wide variety of MOOC subjects on the Coursera hosting platform. The insights of participants into specific instructional strategies that were designed especially for MOOC multicultural learners’ needs were categorized into three themes: language, content and engagement. These strategies aimed to provide support and engage learners with English language barriers, or those who did not have the necessary subject background to keep up with the course, or those who were not familiar with the American education culture. The study also investigated the pedagogical challenges and concerns that the participants faced during and after the delivery of the MOOCs. Typical challenges included confusions caused during the discussion triggered by the subject, the participants’ struggle with the efficiency of peer assessment, and the applicability of the content materials for the global audience.
Educators' Preparation to Teach, Perceived Teaching Presence, and Perceived Teaching Presence Behaviors in Blended and Online Learning Environments
Authors: Gurley, PhD, RN, CNE, COI Lisa E
Published: June 2018

Teaching in blended and online learning environments requires different pedagogical approaches than teaching in face-to-face learning environments.  How educators are prepared to teach potentially impacts the quality of instruction provided in blended and online learning courses. Teaching presence is essential to achieving student learning outcomes, yet previous research has focused on student perceptions of teaching presence.  Therefore, the purpose of this mixed methods convergent parallel study was to explore educators’ preparation to teach, perceived teaching presence, and perceived teaching presence behaviors in blended and online learning environments.  The study was designed to examine the differences in educators’ perceived teaching presence and preparation to teach in blended and online learning environments.  An adapted Community of Inquiry Survey Instrument was used to measure faculty perceptions of teaching presence.  Results indicated a statistically significant difference between perceived teaching presence of facilitation for faculty that completed certification courses in preparation to teach in blended and online learning environments, as compared to faculty that only received on-the-job training.  Qualitative responses to corresponding interview questions supported the findings.  The findings of this study provide information to university educators and administrators supporting the importance of faculty preparation specific to teaching in blended and online learning environments.
Primer registro de digitonthophagus gazella (fabricius, 1787) para el departamento de sucre, Colombia
Authors: NAVARRO LUIS , ROMAN KENNYA , GOMEZ HERNANDO , PEREZ ANTONIO
Published: June 2018

Se posee poca información de la fauna de escarabajos coprófagos del departamento de Sucre, por lo que se llevaron a cabo una serie de muestreos para estimar la diversidad de estos. Se realizaron 4 colectas entre los meses de junio y agosto de 2008, en un área empleada para la ganadería y la agricultura ubicada en la serranía de Coraza, Colosó – Sucre. Se utilizaron dos tipos de trampas: de caída y de interceptación de vuelo, complementado con captura manual. Se capturaron 44 individuos de Digitonthophagus gazella, este constituye el primer reporte para el departamento de Sucre (Colombia).
Viabilidad de los sistemas bufalinos en Colombia
Authors: CERVANTES EDILBERTO , ESPITIA AMADO , PRIETO ESPERANZA
Published: June 2018

En Colombia, la producción lechera bufalina ha tenido un auge considerable en los últimos 20 años, siendo así, que los primeros puestos en calidad composicional y precio neto pagado, ocupan los primeros lugares en las plantas procesadoras del país. Aunque no se le ha brindado toda la importancia a este tipo de producción - por la mala imagen que alrededor de este animal se ha suscitado - la ganadería bufalina tiende a ser el futuro de la lechería en Colombia y Suramérica. En cuanto a la producción de carne, los estudios reportan al búfalo como un animal prominente y precoz para producirla. Al compararlos con ganado vacuno, se ha encontrado que tienen mayor tasa de crecimiento, alcanzando el peso para el sacrificio en periodos más cortos. Datos encontrados en algunos experimentos, muestran que el búfalo alcanza mayor peso al nacimiento y al destete que el vacuno, en similares condiciones. Los aspectos de orden económico y productivo son mejores en una ganadería bufalina, debido a la precocidad y a una mejor reproducción, las cuales se traducen en rentabilidad.
Variación nictemeral en la conposición y abundancia de la ictiofauna en un extracto del rio urucu – coari/amazonas/Brasil
Authors: COSTA IGOR , FREITAS CARLOS
Published: June 2018

A variação diária na estrutura de assembléias de peixes é bem documentada para ambientes temperados (LAYMAN, 2000; NAGELKERKEN et al., 2000; LÖK et al., 2002;). Mudanças na intensidade luminosa do ambiente nos períodos crepusculares promovem modificações na estrutura das assembléias (OKUN et al., 2005), sendo as alterações de abundância e riqueza de espécies atribuídas a mudanças diárias no uso de habitat, associada à atividade de forrageio, (PIET E GURUGE, 1997) e proteção contra predadores (GIBSON et al., 1998). O ciclo circadiano apresenta grande importância na atividade de peixes, onde a movimentação destes promove mudanças na composição das assembléias em resposta ao aumento da pressão de predação.
Variación estacional en escarabajos coprofagos (coleoptera: scarabaeidae: scarabaeinae) de la serranía de coraza, sucre (colombia)
Authors: NAVARRO I LUIS , ROMAN A KENNYA , GOMEZ F HERNANDO , PEREZ H ANTONIO
Published: June 2018

En este estudio se presenta la variación estacional de escarabajos coprófagos en un relicto de bosque seco tropical y una zona de uso ganadero localizadas en la Serranía de Coraza, Colosó – Sucre. Para ello, se realizaron 14 muestreos, entre marzo de 2008 y marzo de 2009, utilizando trampas de caída cebadas, trampas de interceptación de vuelo y colecta manual, dejadas por un periodo de 48 horas en campo. En total se capturaron 7496 individuos pertenecientes a 26 especies. Se verificó correlaciones positivas entre la precipitación mensual, la riqueza y abundancia de individuos, exceptuando la abundancia para la zona boscosa cuya correlación es positiva pero no significativa.
Agricultores, abran los ojos: no se dediquen apenas a la etapa pobre del agronegocio
Authors: POLAN LACKI
Published: June 2018

Para contrarrestar el deterioro de sus ingresos, provocado por esta expropiación de sus ganancias, los agricultores están aumentando la escala de producción, incrementando los rendimientos por unidad de tierra y de animal y reduciendo los costos por kilogramo producido; es decir, están adoptando medidas adecuadas que deberían incrementar sus ingresos. Sin embargo, el premio por esta mejora en la eficiencia, en vez de beneficiar a quienes realmente lo merecen (los productores rurales), es absorbido por los crecientes eslabones de las cadenas agroalimentarias. Porque, desde que los insumos salen de las fábricas hasta que los alimentos llegan a las estanterías de los supermercados, existen cada vez más y más fabricantes de nuevos insumos, prestadores de nuevos servicios, intermediarios, procesadores de materias primas agrícolas, consultores de mercado y agentes de comercialización, empresas de publicidad, etc. Casi todos estos integrantes de las cadenas agroalimentarias, viven de las riquezas producidas por los agricultores. Como existen cada vez más eslabones "chupando" algo de la sangre del productor rural es evidente que este se vuelve económicamente cada vez más "anémico".
La cacería de animales silvestres en la comunidad de bretaña, río puinahua, loreto – perú
Authors: SALDAÑA R JOE SIXTO , SALDAÑA H VALERIA LIZET
Published: June 2018

Este estudio reporta información básica sobre la cacería realizada por los pobladores de la comunidad de Bretaña como: días requeridos para la cacería, animales silvestres frecuentemente cazados, tipos de hábitat donde se acostumbra a cazar, entre otros aspectos. Se realizó una entrevista a 10 cazadores de la zona, además de las observaciones personales en la zona de estudio. Las especies como majas (Cuniculus paca) 18.06% y choro (Lagothrix lagotricha) 14,01% fueron las más cazadas, entre la menos cazada estuvo la pava (Aburria pipile) 0,46%. La restinga representó el hábitat más frecuentado por los cazadores (42%). Los ungulados (1365 Kg) y reptiles (754 Kg) fueron las especies que aportaron mayor rendimiento de carne fresca por animal, siendo los machos (51,23%) los más preferidos por los cazadores. Es prioritario involucrar a la comunidad en un plan de manejo que busque conservar a las especies en su totalidad y su hábitat.