bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolically healthy obesity: prevalence, phenotype characteristic, effectiveness of weight loss
Authors: Ostrovskaya Еlena V. , Romantsova Тatiana I. , Gerasimov Andrei N. , Novoselova Тamara Е.
Published: October 2020

The goal was to study the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), the features of this phenotype compared with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO), and the effect of weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with MHO. Material and Methods — To assess the prevalence of MHO, 389 case histories of obese patients aged 18-60 were analyzed. Three types of MHO criteria were used: 1) the definitions of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 2005; 2) the HOMA-IR index (<2.7); 3) Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union (BioSHaRE-EU) criteria, 2013. The study included comparative analysis of the medical history, anthropometry, basic metabolic parameters, and adipocytokine levels in 44 patients with MHO (taking into account the MS definitions) and 33 women with MUHO initially and with a decrease in body mass (BM) by ≥5% after 6 months. Results — The MHO prevalence was: according to the definitions of MS – 38.6%, according to HOMA-IR index – 34.5%, in BioSHaRE-EU – 9.6%. All indicators of anthropometry, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including the HOMA-IR index, interleukin-6, and chemerin, as well as the duration of obesity in the MHO and MUHO groups significantly differed (p<0.05). After 6 months, MHO-patients who lost ≥5% BM from the initial value (63.6%) showed an increase of adiponectin, a decrease in waist circumference, HOMA-IR index, C-reactive protein (CRP), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), and chemerin (p<0.05). Conclusion — The MHO prevalence was maximal according to the MS definitions and minimal with BioSHaRE-EU criteria. The BM decrease in MHO is accompanied by a decrease in the content of proinflammatory adipocytokines and the HOMA-IR index, which determines the need to treat obesity regardless of the phenotype.
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in early and late gonarthrosis manifestations
Authors: Gladkova Ekaterina V.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this research was to study the specifics of the matrix metallopeptidase system in early and late gonarthrosis (GA) manifestations. Material and Methods — 37 patients of the main group (0-I stages of GA), 30 patients of the comparison group (III-IV stages of GA) and 30 healthy individuals of the control group underwent sonography and T2-relaxometry of their knee joints. The 24-h excretion of urinary C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (СTX-II) as well as serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases-3 and -8 (MMP-3, MMP-8), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) were also registered. Results — We detected increases in urinary СTX-II to 3.9 [2.5; 4.5] mg/d, MMP-8 to 364.7 [215; 434] pg/ml and TIMP-1 to 806 [559; 1157] pg/ml in the main group; to 9.7 [6.8; 10.2] mg/d, 579 [463; 663] pg/ml and 1256 [1029; 1330] pg/ml in the comparison group. The presence (p=0.04) of strong positive correlation (R=0.7) between the 24-h urinary СTX-II excretion and the change of MRI-signal characteristics for the areas of hyaline cartilage under the heaviest load on knee joints T2 relaxometry evidence was observed as well as the presence (p=0.001) of strong positive correlation (R=0.7) between MMP-8 and 24-h urinary СTX-II extraction. In early GA stages a strong positive correlation (R=0.6) was observed between MMP-8 and TIMP-1 (p=0.04) as well as 24-h urinary СTX-II excretion and TIMP-1 (R=0.5) at p˂0.001). Conclusion — Type II collagen degradation with MMP-8/TIMP-1 imbalance is one of the relevant mechanisms of the hyaline articular cartilage extracellular matrix disorganization in early and late GA evidences. The rearrangement of correlations between MMP-8 and TIMP-1 indicates the change in interaction mechanisms for GA proteolytic enzyme system components.
Experimental studies of the effect of sea buckthorn and wheat bran in food on the physiological status of rats
Authors: Fomenko Olga S. , Makarova Anastasiya N. , Simakova Inna V. , Eliseev Yuriy Yu. , Eliseeva Yuliya V. , Artemova Elena N.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this research paper was a sanitary-toxicological study of the effectiveness and safety of developed functional property products, such as chopped semi-finished products from chicken with wheat bran and shortbread cake with cottage cheese and sea buckthorn, in preclinical studies on laboratory animals. Methods — The effect of new products on the experimental rats was studied using physiological, biochemical, pathomorphological and histological research methods. As a result, it was discovered that the inclusion of foods with wheat bran and fresh sea buckthorn into the diet of experimental animals had a positive effect on the behavioral reactions of rats, the increase of appetite and the rapid growth of animals. Results — The improvement in the metabolic processes physiology of the studied rats was noted in the biochemical and morphological blood parameters. In the experimental group of rats where carbohydrates were partially substituted with cottage cheese shortbread cake and sea buckthorn, a significant decrease in the total bilirubin content was noted; the level of cholesterol in the blood serum of experimental animals from group which received chicken cutlets with bran was 1.4-1.7 times lower than the cholesterol content in animals of the control and other experimental groups. At the same time, statistically significant differences in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin level, the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and amylase, the level of total protein and the creatinine content were not revealed in the group of experimental rats compared with the control group of rats, receiving a standard diet. The histological data showed that the liver structure of the experimental animals had a more pronounced beam and capillary structure compared with the control group, and the condition of the villi and epithelium of the small intestine showed the positive physiological effect of the studied herbal additives in food technology with functional properties. Conclusion — The research results allow us to conclude that the developed products are functional, intended for the systematic use in the composition of food rations by all age groups of a healthy population, which reduces the risk of gastrointestinal and liver diseases.
RESEARCH GAPS IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECSION MAKING METHODS FOR RESEARCHERS AS AN AREAS OF INTEREST
Authors: Ayasrah Omar Ibrahim , Mohd Turan Faiz
Published: October 2020

The increase in Multi criteria decision-making studies is reflecting its importance as an interested area for research. Even though a high number of revealed studies mainly in last decade, still this field have challenges that require attentions from researchers in future. Most of MCDM related studies did not consider determining DM weights or using subjective methods, and there is an absence of implementing sensitivity analysis to DM weights as well. In addition to the need to develop new methods that utilizing the web or mobile technologies to deal with complexity and uncertainty adhered to MCDM problems. This paper represents a trial to list current challenges in this field as areas of interest for researchers in future studies that aims to enhance the quality and effectiveness of decision-making process.
Synthesis, Preparation and Characterization of H3BO3 Nanoparticles as a Additive for Machining Lubricant
Authors: Bammidi Roopsandeep , Siva Prasad K. , Srinivasa Rao P.
Published: October 2020

The minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) plays a critical role in providing excellent machining performance and application of nanoparticles in base fluids are one of the best way for MQL in machining. The boric acid nanoparticles which are eco friendly are one among the exceptional to demonstrate the outstanding properties. This paper gives report on the enhancement of heat transfer performance in various machining applications, the nature of dilute colloidal suspensions in the medium of base fluids are necessary. The H3BO3 nanoparticles synthesis, preparation and, characterization are crucial for their stability in the suspensions to exhibit excellent Nanofluid properties. In this investigation, the preparation of boric acid nanoparticles using mechanical ball milling and XRD for synthesis and characterization.
Assessment the capacity utilization of mature and immature area of replanting using time driven activity-based costing
Authors: Zaini S.N.A.M. , Abu M.Y.
Published: October 2020

Malaysia is currently the world’s largest exporter of palm oil although it is the second-largest producer of the oil after neighboring Indonesia. There have recently been few concerns on this plantation which are hard to detect in order to understand the variance in the operations, and the rate setting is inadequate to outlined the relation between the resources supplied and the capacity in operation, and the manager has no system to track the usage of the capacity and unused capacity. The aim of this work is to assess the capacity utilization of mature and immature area at replanting for a better accuracy. Time driven activity-based costs (TDABC) is used because time efficiency can be calculated effectively. Furthermore, it also can precisely evaluate idle capacity and separately listing the resources being used and not used. This work considers a data in 2017 to develop the solution. This work found that in the mature area from the available capacity utilization, chipping has high insufficient capacity with RM-1931518.08, planting seedlings has high insufficient capacity with -805173.84 min and internal transport has high waste cost with RM45771.30. Meanwhile, in the immature area, planting seedlings has high insufficient capacity with -566934.84 min and RM-1621433.64, manuring has unused capacity with 66763.50 min and internal transport has high waste cost with RM29667.47.
Application of Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Various Machining Processes – A Mini Review
Authors: Rosli N. , Zamiruddin N. E. H.
Published: October 2020

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is a great alternative lubricating and cooling environment method that has been widely used to replace the conventional flood coolant which brings drawbacks involving environmental awareness, human’s safety and health and manufacturing cost. Taking into account the recent trends, this review paper describes a summary of the research journals reviewed previously MQL  in various machining operations involving milling, turning, drilling and grinding of various types of materials. Most recent papers have described the use of vegetable oils which helps in maintaining the environmentally friendly machining. Also, the aided of nanofluid particles and hybrid environment in MQL application conversed the outstanding efficiency in machining performances as compared to that conventional flood lubrication technology. Briefly, this paper have shown the proficiency of eco-friendly MQL approach in improving the performance of machinability such as reducing the surface roughness of workpiece, producing a higher rate of tool life and also reducing the cutting temperature that leads to a sustainable machining environment in the future work.
Flow study in structure of the plasma torch for microwave plasma spray
Authors: Izuwan Samion Muhammad Fahmi , Norizat Nur Ziana , Ahmad Mokhtar Ahmad Redza
Published: October 2020

Microwave oven induced plasma method is a novel application of microwave oven to generate plasma for coating process. It uses 2.45 GHz microwave power and only 0.8 kW input power to produce the plasma which capable of spraying all materials that are considered sprayable. However, the research regarding this microwave plasma spray are more to be discovered. Suitable structure of plasma torch is needed for microwave plasma spray that can produce laminar flow to produce desire plasma for coating application. Therefore, this paper will discuss about the suitable structure of plasma torch needed for laminar flow by Reynolds number calculation. Reynolds number calculated by applying the outlet diameter of antenna which is 2, 3 and 4 mm. From this research, Reynolds number from all outer diameter of antenna are below 2000 which indicate laminar flow. The widest plasma diameter achieved at 6.59 mm with 4 mm outlet diameter of antenna and 15 lpm working gas flow rate while the narrowest plasma diameter achieved at 1.26 mm with 3 mm outlet diameter of antenna and 10 lpm flow rates of working gas. The most acceptable condition for producing plasma plume was at 3 mm of antenna diameter with 25 lpm of Ar gas flow rates.
Efektifitas Metode Musyawarah Mufakat Diversi terhadap Penyelesaian Perkara Anak Berkonflik dengan Hukum
Authors: Rasdi Rasdi , Arifin Saru
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode musyawarah mufakat sebagai implementasi diversi dalam penyelesaian kasus anak berkonflik dengan hukum. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa metode musyawarah mufakat lebih efektif digunakan sebagai metode diversi dalam menyelesaikan kasus anak pelaku kejahatan. Metode musyawarah mufakat memberikan solusi yang tepat dan biaya yang ringan serta mampu memberikan keadilan seimbang karena proses/prosedur pelaksanaannya tidak serumit model institusional hukum formal yang ditentukan dalam peraturan diversi dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Anak. Model diversi yang diatur dalam ini lebih rigid, formal dan kurang akomodatif terhadap keinginan para pihak. Metode musyawarah mufakat lebih memberikan keadilan subtantif dibandingkan dengan model diversi secara institusional yang cenderung memberikan keadilan formal prosedural. This study aims to analyze the consensus method as a practical implementation in the use of diversion in the resolution of cases of children who are dealing with the law. This article argues that the consensus method is more effectively used as a diversion method in resolving cases of crime-harassed children. The consensus agreement method provides the right solution and low cost and is able to provide balanced justice because the process / procedure for its implementation is not as complex as the formal legal institutional model specified in the diversionary rules in the Juvenile Justice System Law. The diversion model regulated in this law is more rigid, formal and less accommodating to the wishes of the parties. In addition, the consensus method of giving more substantive justice than the institutional diversion model which tends to provide procedural formal justice.
Ambiguitas Hasil Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah terhadap Rancangan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Daerah
Authors: Hardianto Hanif , Herwati Ratna
Published: October 2020

Dewan Perwakilan Daerah merupakan lembaga yang dalam pembentukaannya untuk mewakili kepentingan daerah. Tugas dan kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah diatur dalam Pasal 22 D ayat (1), (2), (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RI Tahun 1945. Tugas dan kewenangan tersebut dijabarkan dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, salah satunya Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 tentang perubahan kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang MPR, DPR, DPD dan DPRD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil pemantauan dan evaluasi DPD terhadap rancangan peraturan daerah dan peraturan daerah, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 249 ayat (1) huruf j Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif karena bahan hukum perimer yang digunakan adalah peraturan perundang-undangan serta bahan hukum sekundernya adalah literatur dari jurnal dan buku yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan tersebut masih terdapat dualisme karena eksekutif juga memiliki kewenangan untuk memantau dan mengevaluasi rancangan peraturan daerah atau biasa disebut eksekutif preview. Kewenangan yang dimiliki DPD Pasal 249 ayat (1) huruf j Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 belum memiliki kejelasan mekanisme yang dilaksanakan sehingga menimbulkan ambiguitas dalam pelaksanannya. Untuk memperkuat kejelasan secara yuridis diperlukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Regional Representative Council is an institution in its formation to represent regional intersests. The duties and authorities of the Regional Representative Council are regulated in Article 22 D paragraph (1), (2), (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic Indonesia.these duties and authorities are spelled out in various laws and regulations, one of which is law number 2 of 2018 concerning second amendment to law number 17 if 2014 concerning MPR, DPR, DPD and DPRD. This study aims to analyze the results of DPD monitoring and evaluation of the draft regional regulations and regional regulations, as stated in Articele 249 paragraph (1) letter J of Law Number 2 of 2018. The study was conducted using normative juridicial method because the primer legal material used was legislation and the secondary legal material was literature from journals and books relating on the problem. The results of the study showed that the authority still contained dualism because the executive also had the authority to monitor and evaluate the draft regional regulation or commonly called an executive preview. The authority possessed by DPD Article 249 paragraph (1) letter J of Law Number 2 of 2018 does not yet have a clear mechanism implemented so as to cause ambiguity in its implementation. To strengthen juridicial clarity, it is necessary to amend Law Number 2 of 2018 and Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
Denosumab for management of severe hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Eremkina Anna , Krupinova Julia , Dobreva Ekaterina , Gorbacheva Anna , Bibik Ekaterina , Samsonova Margarita , Ajnetdinova Alina , Mokrysheva Natalya
Published: October 2020

Hypercalcemic crisis is a severe but rare complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and data on denosumab treatment of patients with this disease is still very limited. The aim of this paper is to investigate the hypocalcemic effect of denosumab in PHPT patients with severe hypercalcemia when surgery should be delayed or is impossible for some reasons. We performed a retrospective study of 10 patients. The analysis included the use of biochemical markers of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, which were followed after the administration of 60 mg of denosumab. The trend to calcium reduction was already determined on the 3rd day after denosumab administration. In most cases the decrease in serum calcium level to the range of 2.8 mmol/L on average or lower was observed on the 7th day (P = 0.002). In addition to a significant increase in calcium levels we confirmed a significant increase in the estimated glomerular filtration rate on 7th day (P = 0.012). After that, seven patients underwent successful parathyroidectomy and achieved eucalcemia or hypocalcemia, one patient developed the recurrence of parathyroid cancer after initial surgery, while two patients with severe cardiovascular pathology refused surgery. Our study shows that denosumab is a useful tool in PHPT-associated hypercalcemia before surgery or if surgery is contraindicated.
Influence atoms of Co, Ni, Cu on the catalytic activity of small Pt clasters: First principles calculations
Authors: Chernikova O. M. , Mateik H. D. , Ogorodnik Y. V.
Published: October 2020

Based on the calculations from the first principles, we obtained the distributions of valence electron densities and electronic energy spectra for small Ptn clusters (where n = 1-5 atoms). According to the results of calculations, it is determined that the inclusion of oxygen atoms or atoms of other kinds in small Ptn clusters, as a rule, affect the catalytic activity of research systems. It is established that during doping of small platinum clusters by atoms of 3-d transition metals (Cu, Ni, Co), the electronic structure of the cluster and the band gap change. This in turn helps to increase the catalytic activity of platinum.
Synthesis of titanium oxide thin films by spray pyrolysis method and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of dyes and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Kerli S. , Eskalen H.
Published: October 2020

Titanium oxide (TiO2) thin film was obtained using the spray pyrolysis method. The structural properties of the thin film obtained were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and it was found that it also had a tetragonal structure. The morphological feature was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the optical properties of the film were examined and the forbidden energy range was calculated. Photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin film on dyestuff and antibiotic were investigated. Methyl blue and malachite green were used in the dye degradation test of the thin film. In particular, it was found to have a high degradation of 86% after 100 minutes on malachite green. Moreover, the degradation on ciprofloxacin after 90 minutes was found as 93%. The reusability ciprofloxacin antibiotic was investigated and it was found that synthesized TiO2 thin film has excellent stability
Solid gas and electrochemical hydrogenation properties of the R1-xR’xMgNi4-yCoy (R, R’ = Y, La, Ce) alloys
Authors: Verbovytskyy Yu. V. , Zavaliy I. Yu. , Berezovets V. V. , Lyutyy P. Ya.
Published: October 2020

New R1-xR’xMgNi4-yCoy (R, R’ = Y, La, Ce; x = 0.5; y = 0, 1, 2) alloys have been synthesized by powder sintering method, and their crystal structure and hydrogen storage properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that R1-xR’xMgNi4-yCo alloys belong to the MgCu4Sn-type structure. The synthesized alloys absorb hydrogen at room temperature and hydrogen pressure 0.1-10 bar. For some of the studied compounds, the formation of hydrides with cubic and orthorhombic structures was found. Highest hydrogen content is found for the Co-rich compounds: La0.5Y0.5MgNi2Co2H5.18 and La0.5Ce0.5MgNi2Co2H6.48. Electrochemical studies showed that Y-based electrode materials exhibit better electrochemical performance comparing with Ce-doped ones. Highest discharge capacity of 292 mА∙h/g was observed for La0.5Y0.5MgNi3Co, but the best cyclic stability after 50th cycle of 92% was seen for La0.5Y0.5MgNi2Co2. Additionally, obtained results of the electrochemical properties were compared with related compounds. High rate dischargeability of Co-free alloys at I = 1 A/g were twice higher than ones containing cobalt.
Peculiarities in structure formation and corrosion of cast quasicrystalline Al63Cu25Fe12 and Al63Co24Cu13 alloys in sodium chloride aqueous solution
Authors: Sukhova O. V. , Polonskyy V. A.
Published: October 2020

In this work the structure and corrosion behavior of quasicrystalline cast Al63Cu25Fe12 and Al63Co24Cu13 alloys in 5-% sodium chloride solution (рН 6.9–7.1) were investigated. The alloys were cooled at 5 К/s. The structure of the samples was studied by methods of quantitative metallography, X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion properties were determined by the potentiodynamic method. The made investigations confirm the formation of stable quasicrystalline icosahedral (y) and decagonal (D) phases in the structure of Al63Cu25Fe12 and Al63Co24Cu13 alloys correspondingly. In 5-% sodium chloride solution, the investigated alloys corrode under electrochemical mechanisms with oxygen depolarization. Compared with Al63Cu25Fe12 alloy, Al63Co24Cu13 alloy has a less negative value of free corrosion potential (–0.43 V and–0.66 V, respectively), and its electrochemical passivity region extends due to the inhibition of anodic processes. A corrosion current density, calculated from (E,lgi)-curve, for Al63Co24Cu13 alloy amounts to 0.18 mА/сm2 and for Al63Cu25Fe12 alloy – to 0.20 mА/сm2. The lower corrosion resistance of Al63Cu25Fe12 alloy may be explained by the presence of iron-containing phases in its structure. Based on obtained results, the Al63Co24Cu13 alloy was recommended as a coating material for rocket-and-space equipment working in a marine climate.
The effect of electrolysis conditions during microarc oxidation on the phase-structural state, hardness and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys
Authors: Subbotina V.V. , Belozerov V.V.
Published: October 2020

By the method of microarc oxidation for different types of electrolytes (which include KOH, Na2SiO3, Н2О2, NaOH, NaAlO2, Na5P3O10, NaF) and electrolysis conditions, multifunctional ceramic coatings on a magnesium alloy were obtained. The phase composition of the coating includes magnesium oxide (MgO), spinel MgAl2O4, Mg2SiO4 and Мg3(РО4)2 compounds. The phase composition of the coatings is determined by the composition of the electrolyte. The obtained MAO coatings provide high hardness, which is 1500 to 7300 MPa, as well as high corrosion resistance. The results obtained make it possible to recommend MAO coatings on magnesium alloys both as an external (functional) layer and for the formation of an underlayer for the subsequent application of protective coatings (varnishes, polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, in particular).
DESIGUALDADES DE GÉNERO, EDAD Y SITUACIÓN SOCIOLABORAL. PROGRAMA DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA ACTIVA-MURCIA
Authors: López-Benavente Y. , Abad-Corpa E. , Lidón-Cerezuela M.B. , Vivo-Molina M.C. , Menárguez-Puche J.F. , Ros-Sánchez T. , Meseguer-Liza C.
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características diferenciales por sexo y edad en un Programa de actividad física (ACTIVA-Murcia) desde una perspectiva de género. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante análisis secundario en 411 participantes de dos centros de salud de Murcia. El 62,3% fueron mujeres y el 71,8% tenían entre 45 y 64 años. Entre los hombres, el 57,8% estaban laboralmente activos y tenían una actividad física cuya mediana fue de 1.939,5 METs/semanales. Entre las mujeres, el 37,4% estaban activas laboralmente y realizaban una mediana de 1.386,0 METs/semanales. El motivo de ausencia a alguna sesión por enfermedad fue del 53,4% para las mujeres y el 30,4% para los hombres. Los profesionales deben considerar estas diferencias en la promoción de actividad física.
Genetic Etiologies of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Kaur Shagun , Pappas Kara
Published: October 2020

Neonates presenting with seizures are frequently assessed and managed by neonatologists in the NICU. Although hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and infection are common underlying causes of neonatal seizures, many patients with neonatal epilepsy will have an identifiable genetic etiology. Often these cases will be evaluated in collaboration with a geneticist. The categories of genetic causes of neonatal seizures include 1) structural brain malformations; 2) inborn errors of metabolism; 3) syndromic; and 4) nonsyndromic, single gene. Evaluation of these patients involves a comprehensive history and examination, followed by appropriate investigations and diagnostic genetic testing. Components of the diagnostic process will vary based on the clinical suspicion and differential diagnoses. In certain cases, syndromic surveillance for evaluation of other congenital anomalies may be recommended. Determination of the underlying genetic diagnosis, when present, will have important implications for treatment. Targeted therapies are currently available for specific genetic syndromes, and outcomes may improve with earlier initiation of therapy. Certain genetic diagnoses may also have guideline-based management involving screening for other manifestations of the disorder.
Plantas hospederas de los virus más importantes que infectan el melón, Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez M V , Agüero R , Rivera C
Published: October 2020

Las especies hospederas naturales de los virus (PRSV, WMV-2. CMV y ZYMV) que infectan el cultivo de melón (Cucumis me/o L.) para la exportación en Costa Rica se identificaron en plantaciones comerciales de dos fincas ubicadas, una en la provincia de Guanacaste, y la otra en la provincia de Puntarenas. En ambas fincas se cultiva el melon con irrigación durante la época seca, pero su manejo cultural es diferente. La finca A con una larga trayectoria en el cultivo de melón en rotación con maíz. sorgo y arroz, y con poco control de malezas; mientras que la finca B con una corta trayectoria en la producción del melón y un mayor control de malezas. La diversidad de especies vegetales fue estudiada en cuadrantes de 100 m' en cinco diferentes comunidades de plantas previamente seleccionada, en la finca A (cultivo, canal de drenaje, charral, potrero mejorado, y semi-bosque) y tres en la finca B (cultivo, charral, pastizal natural, semibosque). El número de cuadrantes estudiados dependió del área total cultivada en cada una de las fincas. Toda, las especies de plantas representadas en cada cuadrante se recolectaron e identificaron pero solo aquella, especies que presentaron síntomas virales en el campo fueron analizadas por EUSA para determinar la presencia de los cuatro virus estudiados. La diversidad de especies, porcentaje de cobertura y épocade aparición de las especies hospederas fue monitoreada durante un año calendario en cinco fechas diferentes. Un total de 86 y 72 especies de plantas fueron identificadas en las tlncas A y B respectivamente. Catorce encontradas positivas por lo menos para uno de los cuatro virus. Los cuatro virus fueron encontrados en cada finca en cada fecha de muestreo indicando que la permanencia y abundancia de alguna, especies hospederas garantiza la permanencia de los cuatro virus en el campo como fuente de inóculo primario para la próx.ima siembra. Varia, especies de plantas hospederas silvestres previamente no informadas en la literatura fueron encontradas para PRSV, WMV-2 y ZYMV.
Rootlshoot partitioning and water relations in Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) seedlings under water stress
Authors: S. Paulilo Maria Terezinha , Martins Felippe Gil , Dale John E
Published: October 2020

Se cultivó plántulas de Qualea granditlóra a partir de semillas de "Cerrado", con distintas cantidades de agua, en invernadero o cámara de crecimiento, eligiendo 5 o 10 plantas al azar. Reaccionaron al limitado aporte hídrico disminuyendo la conductividad estomática y los potenciales hídrico y de turgencia. En las plantas bajo deficit hídrico no se observó ajuste osmótico. La relación raiz: vástago fue más alta bajo estrés hídrico, presentando la parte aérea menor crecimiento debido a la menor producción y expansión foliares.
Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica: Descripción, distribución geográfica e historia natural de los corales zooxantelados (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) del Pacífico
Authors: Cortés Jorge , Guzmán Héctor
Published: October 2020

Se describen veinte y dos especies de corales ecleractinios zooxantelados del Pacífico de Costa Rica se describen. Se incluyen claves para los géneros y especies. Se presenta su distribución geográfica en Costa Rica y en todo el mundo, así como aspectos de la historia general de las especies. Dieciséis especies tiene distribuciones muy amplias, desde en M ar Rojo o el Océano Indico hasta la costa Pacífica de América, dos especies son endémicas del Pacífico Oriental, y cuatro especies se encuentran solo en Océano Pacífico; no hay ninguna especie en común con el Caribe-Atlántico. Dos especies, Leptoseris scabra y Pavona xarifáe, son registros nuevos para el Pacífico Oriental .
Crecimiento de Istiophorus platypterus (Pisces: Istiophoridae) en la boca del Golfo de California
Authors: Alvarado-Castillo Reyna , Félix-Uraga Roberto
Published: October 2020

Specimens (733) Istiophorus platypterus eaughl by sport fishing in the soulhern 01' the California Gulf were me¡lsured. The fourth  spine nI' the dorsal fin was collected to estimate the age and individuals from 1 to 8 years were found. The majority of lhe specimens were between 180 and 210 cm in lower jaw-fork length. The Bertalanffy growth ecuation estimrrted using length was: L,=203.6[ l_eo,ü+ooO';']. Growth was sllOwn to very fast in [he early years.
Genetic variation and racial admixture in the Miskito of the southern Mosquito Shore, Nicaragua
Authors: Azofeifa Jorge , Ruiz Edward , Barrantes Ramiro
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la variación electroforétíca de II loei que codifican para enzimas eritrocítícas, globinas y proteínas séricas en una muestra de 59 indígenas misquitos originarios de la región sur de la Mosquitia de Nicaragua. Siete loci, ALB, 03-, f-y o-globinas, LDHA, LDHB y TPI fueron monomórficos, mientras que API, CP, HP y TF fueron polimórficos. Esto se traduce en una proporción de,..loci polimórficos (P) de 0.364 y una heterocigosis media (H) de 0.077. Ambos valores se encuentran dentro del ámbito de variación mostrado por diez grupos indígenas de estirpe chibchense de Costa Rica y Panamá evaluados para los mismos loei [(P) = 0.364-182, (H) = 0.104-0.052). El análisis permitió una estimación de los porcentages mínimo (m) = 0.0), medio (mm = 7.34) y máximo (m, = 21.9) de mezcla racial con negros. A manera de comparación, esta mezcla se calculó también a partir de los resultados de A. Matson y su grupo, quienes estudiaron, en 1960, la variación genética, usando primordialmente grupos sanguíneos, en una muestra de misquitos de la región fronteriza entre Nicaragua y Honduras. Los resultados (m) = 6.05), (mm = I 1.0) Y (m, = 18.1) no fueron diferentes estadístícrunente, para los valores medios, bajo la suposición de que los alelos no-indígenas siguen la distribución de Poisson (P=0.42). Además, la disponibilidad de una fecha en la que se supone se inició la mezcla de los mísquitos con negros, en 1641, permitió el cálculo de la tasa de mezcla por generación. Dada una duración generacional de 27 años, su valor máximo se encuentra entre el 1.68 y el 1.91 %. Estos resultados indican que el acervo genético de los mísquitos aun conserva características propias de los grupos amerindios.
Biomass-diversity relations of epiphytic bryophytes on small Quercus copeyensis stems in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest
Authors: F Van Dunné H J , Kappelle M
Published: October 2020

Se muestreó briófitas epífitas sobre tallos pequeños de Quercus copeyensis Müll. en un bosque montano nuboso maduro (Talamanca, Costa Rica). Se muestreó a 0.8-1.8 m en cinco tallos (d.a.p. 1.8 -2.8 cm), hallándose 22 especies de musgos y 22 de hepáticas. La biomasa de briófitas ("briomasa") se correlacionó con la frecuencia, contribuyendo los musgos 54-99%. Un 14% de las especies contribuyó casi el 90% de la briomasa, sobresaliendo Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Ángstr., Rigodium sp. 1, Porotrichodendron superbum (Taylor) Broth., Prionodon densus (Hedw.) Müll. HaI., Neckera chilensis Schimp. ex Mont. y Plagiochila guilleminiana Nees & Mont. Estas especies podrían jugar un papel importante en la regulación del flujo de agua.
Superficial sediments and their relation to polyehaete families in a subtropieal embayment, Mexico
Authors: Méndez Nuria , Green Ruiz María
Published: October 2020

The soft bottoms in front of Mazatlan Bay and "Isla de la Piedra" Peninsula were studied to produce maps (depth, grain size and organic matter content in sediments). Sixty samples were óbtained with a 30 x 30 van Veen grab (4-21 m depth) and polychaetes were extracted from 21 subsamples. Grain size ranged from -1.05 phi (gravel) to 3 .81 phi (very fine sand), with fme sand predominl\ting. Organic matter content in sediment was 0.91-3.06 % (most values = 1-2 %). Thirty polychaete families (905 individuals/m2 in mean) were found, and Cirratulidae, Spionidae, Onuphidae, and Pilargiidae were domiuant. Pearson's correlation of grain size.
Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano
Authors: Madrid Vera Juan , Ruiz Luna Arturo , Rosado Bravo Iván
Published: October 2020

Como resultado de 18 campañas de muestreo llevadas a cabo desde junio de 1987 a junio de 1992 en la platafonna continental de Michoacán (México), se presenta un listado sistemático que incluye a 257 especies de peces. Se determinó la representatividad de la muestra a nivel regional ajustando el número acumulativo de especies a una curva de tipo logístico. El resultado señala que se cuenta con mas del 85% del total de especies que teóricamente podrían capturarse en la región (298 ) en las mismas condiciones de muestreo. A pm1ír de una matriz que incluye U80 especies (renglones) correspondientes a 16 listados (columnas) elaborados por diversos autores para el Pacifico nor-oriental, se establecen las probables relaciones regionales por medio de un análisis jerárquico de clasificación. Se concluye que las condiciones ambientales con influencia en la boca del Golfo de Califomia coadyuvan a determinar la riqueza de especies marinas en la plataforma continental de Michoacán.
Life history of the terrestrial snail Ovachlamys fulgens (Stylornmatophora: Helicarionidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Barrientos Zaidett
Published: October 2020

Durante 16 meses se estudió en laboratorio la biología básica de Ovachlamys fulgens en Costa Rica. Esta especie se reprodujo sin copular (N= 40) Y su longevidad fue de nueve meses (N= 22). La oviposición inició a los 42 días de haber eclosionado y con 5.12 mm de diámetro de concha (N= 24). Los huevos fueron depositados en camadas diarias de alrededor de tres huevos (N= 252). Existe una correlación positiva entre la edad y el diámetro de la concha del progenitor y el tamaño de la camada (N= 1097), y entre el diámetro de los huevos y el de la concha de adultos y neo natos (N= 136). Los huevos de cáscara suave son depositados semi-hidratados y se hidratan absorbiendo agua del entorno (N= 21). Esta estrategia puede ser el resultado evolutivo entre una limitación mecánica (pequeño tamaño corporal) y la ventaja de producir huevos más grandes con más sustancias nutritivas. Los huevos tardan 14 días en eclosionar a 21°C- (N= 67). La disolución de la cáscara del huevo no es uniforme (N= 107), sino que comienza en un área específica, que normalmente es en la que reposa (N=46). El hecho de que huevos sin embrión (N= 5) pasen por el mismo proceso de disolusión de la cáscara sugiere que éste es de carácter químico. El embrión no induce el proceso, pero si lo acelera. Los taninos de la hojarasca que rodea los huevos reduce su viabilidad (N= 50).
Eggs and hatchlings of the Mexican salamander Pseudoeurycea cephalica (Caudata: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Bille Thomas
Published: October 2020

Se describe por primera vez huevos y recién nacidos de Pseudoeurycea cephalica cephalica procedentes del Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala, Morelos, México. Los huevos se paracen a los de P. cephalica manni y P. belli en que no están unidos entre sí por ningún cordón. Se parecen en cuanto a constitución a los de P. nigromaculala y P. juarezi en tener dos capas gelatinosas. Los embriones tienen los pies y manos palmeados, produciéndose una reducción de la superficie palmeada a lo largo de la embriogénesis, lo cual confirma que el palmeado de pies y manos es un carácter pedomórfico. Los recién nacidos son de color gris negruzco, uniforme dorsalrnente y de color más claro ventralmente. Son robustos, con cabeza ancha, cola corta y carecen de dientes tanto vomerinos como maxilares. Esta falta de dentición ya fue encontrada anteriormente en juveniles de P. belli.
Biocompatibility: a Criterion for Conservation
Authors: Skutch Alexander F
Published: October 2020

A rich ecosystem Iike a tropical rain forest contains three categories of organisms: ( 1) the sustainer green photosynthetic plants of a1l growth forms, theír poIlinators, seed dispersers, and próteétors'from injurious insects, and mostIy obscure decomposers Cif dead malter that replenish the soil's fertility; (2) the associates or "guests", a diverse group that appears to be rleither necessary foc the maintenance of the ecosystem nor injurious to it; and (3) the "enemies", predators great andsmall, parasites externa! and interna!, pathogens, etc. that torture, mutilate, oc destroy membersof the fmt two categories, which coexist harmoníously, rarely injuring on¡; another. Iurge conservationists. to give preferentia! treatment to these comp¡¡tible categories, ceasing to apply inadequate resources to theprotection oc increase of members of the third category, if nor trying to eliminate sorne of them. By promoting biocompatibility, or compatible biodiversity, instead of biodiversity of undefined limits, we might rnake a more harmonious, productive, and enjoyable natural world.
Current floristic and phytogeographic knowledge of Mexican Bromeliaceae
Authors: Espejo Serna Adolfo , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa
Published: October 2020

Se presenta el estado del conocimiento florístico-fitogeográfico que se tiene actualmente sobre los representantes silvestres de la familia Bromeliaceae para México. Hasta el momento se tienen registrados a nivel nacional 22 géneros representados por 326 especies. Ursulaea género con 2 especies es endémico al país, en tanto que Hechtia tiene su centro principal de radiación en México, ya que 48 de sus 50 especies se presentan en la República Mexicana, siendo 43 de ellas, (9 1 .5 %), endémicas. Los géneros con mayor número de especies son Tillandsia ( 1 75 spp), Hechtia (48 spp) y Pitcairnia (46 spp). Se presenta un análisis comparativo de las Bromeliáceas mexicanas con las de otras regiones de América, con base en tratamientos para la familia recientemente publicados, particularmente para el área mesoamericana, Venezuela, Ecuador y las Guyanas. Los resultados de dicho análisis nos permiten concluir que la flora bromeliológica presente en cada área es distinta y que se observa un decremento en el valor del índice de Simpson en relación con la lejanía de las áreas con respecto a México. Asimismo el análisis general de las especies presentes en los diversos tipos de vegetación, muestra una clara preferencia de las mismas por los bosques de coníferas y de encinos seguidos por los bosques tropicales caducifolios. También es significativa su representación en otros tipos de vegetación como los bosques mesó filos y los bosques tropicales perennifolios. Generalmente las especies de Bromeliáceas mexicanas presentan poblaciones' escasas y esparcidas y en muchos casos se las encuentra en riscos y acantilados en áreas muy restringidas. En lo relativo a la distribución geográfica de los géneros mexicanos, el 77.27 % son neotropicales, el 4.54 % son sudamericanos y el porcentaje restantes pertence a taxa mexicanos y centroamericanos. El endemismo genérico es muy bajo (4.54 %) y aún si extendieramos los límites del país a lo que Rzedowski ( 1 99 1 ) Hama Megaméxico, sólo alcanzaría un 1 3.63 %. El endemismo de la familia a nivel específico alcanza 63.07 %.
Estructura y sucesión en bosques montanos del Noroeste de Argentina
Authors: Arturi M F , Graul H R , Aceñolaza P G , Brown A D
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la composición y estructura de tamaños de las especies arbóreas en diferentes fisonomías boscosas de los "Bosques Montanos" de la Sierra de San Javier, en el subtrópico de Argentina entre 1600 y 1800 msnm. En un análisis de correspondencia, los sitios se ordenaron siguiendo un gradiente de riqueza y complejidad. Las especies características de los sitios más diversos como las mirtáceas mostraron distribuciones diamétricas en "J-invertida", lo que sugiere regeneración continua. Por el contrario, las especies características de los bosques simples como A. acuminata, P. parlatorei y C. tucumanum, presesentaron distribuciones diamétricas unimodales con baja proporción de individuos menores. La densidad de individuos menores de 10 cm de DAP muestran que A. acuminata, P. parlatorei y C. tucumanum constituyen especies pioneras que colonizarían áreas no arboladas originando bosques simples. Estas especies son progresivamente reemplazadas por especies tolerantes durante la sucesión originando diversas fisonomías. La diversidad a escala de paisaje de los Bosques Montanos se originaría en eventos' discretos de reclutamiento de las especies pioneras, seguidos de sucesión hacia bosques dominados por especies tolerantes.
Patrones fenológicos de doce especies arbóreas del bosque montano de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: Camacho Marlen , Orozco Lorena
Published: October 2020

Durante 49 meses se observó la fenología de 160 árboles de 12 especies arbóreas de los bosques montanos de Costa Rica, mediante la evaluación de cuatro fenofases: floración, fructificación, brotadura y caída del follaje. Se encontraron diferentes patrones de ocurrencia en cada evento. La floración ocurre de manera continua en una especie y subanual en otra, cuatro especies muestran floraciones anuales y las seis restantes floracionessupranuales. De manera general, las floraciones se concentran de noviembre a mayo, a finales de la época lluviosa y durante la seca. La fructificación es continua en tres especies, anual en dos y supranual en las siete restantes, con mayor producción de frutos hacia el final de la época seca y primeros meses de la lluviosa. La brotadura de las hojas es un evento muy dinámico y altamente sincrónico en todas las especies estudiadas, con ritmos anuales en seis especies. La caída de las hojas ocurre de manera continua y sin cambios abruptos a través del año, en las doce especies estudiadas.
Estrategia reproductiva de una hierba perenne: Hypoxis decumbens (Hypoxidaceae)
Authors: Raimúndez U Elena , Ramírez Nelson
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la estrategia reproductiva de Hypoxis decumbens L. (Hypoxidaceae), una. hierba perenne con flores hermafroditas, para comprobar las relaciones que se establecen entre sistema reproductivo, forma de vida, ambiente, sistema de polinización y otros caracteres morfológicos y ecológicos. H. decumbens es una especie al tamente autógama, que presenta depresión por entrecruzamiento debido a la adaptación de los genotipos autógamos a su ambiente. Los principales polinizadores fueron insectos genera listas como los dípteros. Presentó flores funcionalmente solitarias, actinomórficas, con las partes florales bien expuestas, todas a la misma altura, y anteras de dehiscencia introrsao La asignación de biomasa fue básicamente hacia estructuras femeninas, como frutos y semillas, lo que se reflejó en una alta eficiencia reproductiva. La relación polen/óvulo fue baja, lo mismo que la relación biomasa de atracciónl biomasa de soporte. La unidad de dispersión fue la semilla y el síndrome de dispersión asociado fue la mirmecoéoña En esta especie se presenta un sistema reproductivo mixto, y aunque la mayor proporción de progenie es autógarna, no sacrifica la oportunidad de entrecruzarse.
Composición bioquímica de la carne de Polymesoda radiata (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Ruiz Campos Eleazar , Cabrera Peña Jorge , Cruz Rafael A , Palacios José A
Published: October 2020

Se determinó la composición bioquímica y el indice de condición de la almeja verde (Polymesoda radiata) en el río Bebedero, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, entre agosto de 1992 y julio de 1993. El peso promedio de carne fresca fue de 12.53 ± 3.78 % , con un valor promedio de humedad de 90.10 ± 2.14 % . El promedio de los componentes en base seca fue proteínas 78.29 ± 2.15, Iípidos 9.52 ±1 %, carbohidratos 5.78 ± 2.5 % y cenizas 6.43 ± 2.1 %. El promedio del índice de condición para la población fue de 9.89 ± 2.14. El promedio del valor calórico fue 4.51 ± 0.11 KcaJ/g . Se determinó que el índice de condición, valor calórico y carbohidratos decrecen con la época reproductiva. Los Iípidos, proteínas y cenizas no tiene relación con el ciclo reproducti
Reproductive patterns of Aratus pisonii (Decapoda: Grapsidae) an estuarine area of Sao Paulo Northern Coast, Brazil
Authors: De Arruda Leme Maria Helena , Negreiros Fransozo María Lucía
Published: October 2020

The tree crab Aratus pisanii (H. Milne Edwards 1837) is a tropical sesarminae species widely distributed in the western Atlantic from central Florida to Brazil, arid in the eastem Pacific from Nioaragua to Peru (Melo 1996), being commonly found 00 the upper littoral zone in mangroves.