bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic tracking of fin whales: Habitat use and movement patterns within a Canadian Pacific fjord system
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin , Keen Eric M. , Shine Chenoah , Wray Janie L. , Alidina Hussein M. , Picard Chris R.
Published: June 2021

Fin whale 20 Hz calls were detected, localized, and tracked using a 10 km aperture network of three acoustic receivers deployed for 11 months in a Pacific Canadian fjord system. The area has been historically important for fin whales and is located along a route that tankers will begin using in 2024. A total of 6712 calls were localized, and trajectories were fitted for 55 acoustic tracks. Fin whale tracks occurred throughout the monitoring site. Call activity peaked in September and was low during winter months. Swimming characteristics varied significantly between day- and nighttime: at night, whales swam faster (7.1 vs 4.0 km/h median, +75.2%), which resulted in longer (+34.7%), less predictable (–70.6%) tracks as compared to daylight hours. Call frequencies varied between 16 and 32 Hz. Beside stereotypical song frequencies, fin whales also used irregular frequency components, which contributed the majority of calls in the summer but did not occur in the winter. The results suggest that the area is primarily used as a summer feeding ground, where fin whales follow a diel behavioral cycle. The observed activity patterns will aid in the assessment of strike risk and harassment mitigation and provide a baseline to document behavioral change.
Localization of tones in a room by moving listeners
Authors: Macaulay Eric J. , Hartmann William M.
Published: June 2021

It is difficult to localize the source of a tone in a room because standing waves lead to complicated interaural differences that become uninterpretable localization cues. This paper tests the conjecture that localization improves if the listener can move to explore the complicated sound field over space and time. Listener head and torso movements were free and uninstructed. Experiments at low and high frequencies with eight human listeners in a relatively dry room indicated some modest improvement when listeners were allowed to move, especially at high frequencies. The experiments sought to understand listener dynamic localization strategies in detail. Head position and orientation were tracked electronically, and ear-canal signals were recorded throughout the 9 s of each moving localization trial. The availability of complete physical information enabled the testing of two model strategies: (1) relative null strategy, using instantaneous zeros of the listener-related source angle; and (2) inferred source strategy, using a continuum of apparent source locations implied by the listener's instantaneous forward direction and listener-related source angle. The predicted sources were given weights determined by the listener motion. Both models were statistically successful in coping with a great variety of listener motions and temporally evolving cues.
Soft but Not Too Soft—How a Rigid Tube Expands without Breaking
Authors: Wernet Valentin , Herrero Satur , Fischer Reinhard
Published: June 2021

Fungi grow by apical extension of their hyphae. The continuous growth requires constant delivery of vesicles, which fuse with the membrane and secrete cell wall biosynthesis enzymes.
A Dual-Specificity Inhibitor Targets Polyphosphate Kinase 1 and 2 Enzymes To Attenuate Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Neville Nolan , Roberge Nathan , Ji Xiang , Stephen Preyesh , Lu Jiasheng Louis , Jia Zongchao
Published: June 2021

Many priority bacterial pathogens such as
P. aeruginosa
encode both PPK1 and PPK2 enzymes to maintain polyphosphate homeostasis. While PPK1 and PPK2 have distinct structures and catalytic mechanisms, they are both capable of synthesizing and consuming polyphosphate; thus, PPK2 enzymes can compensate for the loss of PPK1 and vice versa.
Predicting Antimicrobial Resistance Using Partial Genome Alignments
Authors: Aytan-Aktug D. , Nguyen M. , Clausen P. T. L. C. , Stevens R. L. , Aarestrup F. M. , Lund O. , Davis J. J.
Published: June 2021

Antimicrobial resistance causes thousands of deaths annually worldwide. Understanding the regions of the genome that are involved in antimicrobial resistance is important for developing mitigation strategies and preventing transmission.
Non-invasive wearables for remote monitoring of HbA1c and glucose variability: proof of concept
Authors: Bent Brinnae , Cho Peter J , Wittmann April , Thacker Connie , Muppidi Srikanth , Snyder Michael , Crowley Matthew J , Feinglos Mark , Dunn Jessilyn P
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Diabetes prevalence continues to grow and there remains a significant diagnostic gap in one-third of the US population that has pre-diabetes. Innovative, practical strategies to improve monitoring of glycemic health are desperately needed. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the relationship between non-invasive wearables and glycemic metrics and demonstrate the feasibility of using non-invasive wearables to estimate glycemic metrics, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glucose variability metrics.

Research design and methods

We recorded over 25 000 measurements from a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with simultaneous wrist-worn wearable (skin temperature, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and accelerometry sensors) data over 8–10 days in 16 participants with normal glycemic state and pre-diabetes (HbA1c 5.2–6.4). We used data from the wearable to develop machine learning models to predict HbA1c recorded on day 0 and glucose variability calculated from the CGM. We tested the accuracy of the HbA1c model on a retrospective, external validation cohort of 10 additional participants and compared results against CGM-based HbA1c estimation models.

Results

A total of 250 days of data from 26 participants were collected. Out of the 27 models of glucose variability metrics that we developed using non-invasive wearables, 11 of the models achieved high accuracy (<10% mean average per cent error, MAPE). Our HbA1c estimation model using non-invasive wearables data achieved MAPE of 5.1% on an external validation cohort. The ranking of wearable sensor’s importance in estimating HbA1c was skin temperature (33%), electrodermal activity (28%), accelerometry (25%), and heart rate (14%).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using non-invasive wearables to estimate glucose variability metrics and HbA1c for glycemic monitoring and investigates the relationship between non-invasive wearables and the glycemic metrics of glucose variability and HbA1c. The methods used in this study can be used to inform future studies confirming the results of this proof-of-concept study.
Stock-specific variation in the probability of precocious male maturation in hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Larsen Donald A. , Fuhrman Abby E. , Harstad Deborah L. , Venditti David A. , Beckman Brian R.
Published: June 2021

Age of maturation in many salmonid species is phenotypically plastic and dependent on exceeding a genetically set threshold in growth, often described as a probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN). Hatchery supplementation programs for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Pacific Northwest US have been developed to minimize differences between hatchery and wild fish by integrating natural-origin adults into broodstock, potentially affecting PMRNs. We raised fish from 10 Chinook salmon stocks with variable levels of natural-origin integration in a common garden environment to explore potential genetic variation in PMRNs for precocious male maturation as age 2 minijacks. Proportion minijacks varied ≈10-fold (0.043 to 0.443) and the PMRN WP50 (predicted weight at 50% maturation) varied by ≈18 g (24.1 to 41.7 g). The propensity for minijack maturation was generally higher in stocks with higher levels of natural-origin integration. These findings demonstrate the effect of genotype by environment interactions on life history of salmonids and the need for stock-specific tailoring of rearing regimes to regulate differences between hatchery and wild fish, when wild fish are used in broodstocks.
A splitting of local rigidity of Clifford–Klein forms of homogeneous spaces of completely solvable Lie groups
Authors: Tanimura Yoshinori
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we discuss local rigidity of Clifford–Klein forms of homogeneous spaces of 1-connected completely solvable Lie groups. We split the property of local rigidity into two conditions: vertical rigidity and horizontal rigidity. By this separation, we discuss local rigidity, in particular, Baklouti’s conjecture.
A new strategy for implementing mapped WENO method
Authors: Chen Li Li , Huang Cong
Published: June 2021

The mapping is a useful technique for improving the performance of WENO method. However, for the existed mapped WENO methods, two weaknesses still need to be overcome. First, too much computational cost is used, the computational cost of mapped WENO method is around [Formula: see text] of the original WENO method. Second, on the nonuniform meshes, too much memory space is used. We can take the WENO-RM method on nonuniform rectangle meshes for example, which is one of the famous mapped WENO methods. Comparing to original WENO method, the WENO-RM needs to store [Formula: see text] additional parameters, where [Formula: see text] is the cell number. In order to overcome these weaknesses, we propose a new strategy for implementing the mapped WENO method. Different from the previous works, the new strategy is based on the average weight. The new strategy has following major advantages: first, it can give the solution which is as accurate as the original mapped WENO method; second, it can save the computational cost, because it only uses slightly more computational cost than the original WENO method; third, it can save the memory space because it only needs to store a little additional parameter compared to the original WENO method.
FIRST-TO-DEFAULT AND SECOND-TO-DEFAULT OPTIONS IN MODELS WITH VARIOUS INFORMATION FLOWS
Authors: GAPEEV PAVEL V. , JEANBLANC MONIQUE
Published: June 2021

We continue to study a credit risk model of a financial market introduced recently by the authors, in which the dynamics of intensity rates of two default times are described by linear combinations of three independent geometric Brownian motions. The dynamics of two default-free risky asset prices are modeled by two geometric Brownian motions that are not independent of the ones describing the default intensity rates. We obtain closed form expressions for the no-arbitrage prices of some first-to-default and second-to-default European style contingent claims given the reference filtration initially and progressively enlarged by the two successive default times. The accessible default-free reference filtration is generated by the standard Brownian motions driving the model.
Controlled synthesis of metal-organic frameworks with skeletal and pore-filling iron(III) porphyrins for electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhang Yunlong , Han Hongsa , Qin Jiaqi , Zhang Na , Zhang Guanghui , Song Yujiang
Published: June 2021

Electrocatalysts derived from porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited very promising electrochemical performances toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, porphyrinic MOFs have been limited to skeleton- or the pore-modified ones mostly by Fe porphyrin (FeP), which only provide insufficient ORR active sites. Herein, we report controlled synthesis of PCN-222 decorated by both pore-filling Hemin and skeletal iron(III) meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Fe[Formula: see text]TCPP) that partially substitutes original backbone TCPP. Subsequent pyrolysis of the composite PCN-222 led to the synthesis of nanorod electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Fe-N-C sites, which exhibit efficient activity and durability toward ORR in both alkaline and acidic media. Moreover, it appears that the atomically dispersed Fe-N-C sites might possess a distorted octahedral configuration of (O/N)2-Fe[Formula: see text]-N4 as evidenced by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra (EXAFS), aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To the best of our knowledge, controlled modification to both the skeleton and the pore of MOFs with FeP for the synthesis of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts has not been reported prior to this study. This study offers a new avenue to manipulate the density of Fe-N-C sites of electrocatalysts, which may be applied to other composite MOFs with various functionalities.
In Situ Doped Polysilicon (ISDP) Hydrophilic Direct Wafer Bonding for MEMS Applications
Authors: Stricher Romain , Gond-Charton Paul , Amnache Amrid , Campos Jose Francisco Ambia , Frechette Luc , Drouin Dominique , Ecoffey Serge
Published: June 2021

In this paper, Chemical Mechanical Polishing is used to reduce RMS roughness of as-deposited ISDP from 3.2 nm down to 0.18 nm. This surface preparation allows ISDP thin films to be direct bonded to polycrystalline and monocrystalline Si, as well as thermal SiO2. Mechanically strong bondings are obtained showing surface energies higher than the Si fracture energy of 2250 mJ.m−2 and adherence energy up to more than 6000 mJ.m−2 after annealing at 1100 °C. Infrared images and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy confirm that ISDP can be used to fabricate void-free assemblies after annealing. The hermeticity analysis of cavities sealed by ISDP direct bonding showed maximum leak rate lower than 10−11 Pa.m3s−1 after 18 weeks.
[Retracted] 3D Film Animation Image Acquisition and Feature Processing Based on the Latest Virtual Reconstruction Technology
Authors: Wu Siwei , Xiao Shan , Di Yihua , Di Cheng
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the latest virtual reconstruction technology is used to conduct in‐depth research on 3D movie animation image acquisition and feature processing. This paper firstly proposes a time‐division multiplexing method based on subpixel multiplexing technology to improve the resolution of integrated imaging reconstruction images. By studying the degradation effect of the reconstruction process of the 3D integrated imaging system, it is proposed to improve the display resolution by increasing the pixel point information of fixed display array units. According to the subpixel multiplexing, an algorithm to realize the reuse of pixel point information of 3D scene element image gets the element image array with new information; then, through the high frame rate light emitting diode (LED) large screen fast output of the element image array, the human eye temporary retention effect is used, so that this group of element image array information go through a plane display, to increase the limited display array information capacity thus improving the reconstructed image. In this way, the information capacity of the finite display array is increased and the display resolution of the reconstructed image is improved. In this paper, we first use the classification algorithm to determine the gender and expression attributes of the face in the input image and filter the corresponding 3D face data subset in the database according to the gender and expression attributes, then use the sparse representation theory to filter the prototype face like the target face in the data subset, then use the filtered prototype face samples to construct the sparse deformation model, and finally use the target faces. Finally, the target 3D face is reconstructed using the feature points of the target face for model matching. The experimental results show that the algorithm reconstructs faces with high realism and accuracy, and the algorithm can reconstruct expression faces.
Evaluation of Development Index of China’s VC Industry Based on Weight Optimization Algorithm and TOPSIS
Authors: Sun Yi , Zhou Long-Long , Zhu Shan , Su Jin-Tao , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2021

After more than 20 years of rapid growth in China’s venture capital industry, huge market development potential and boost by the digital wave have made China one of the most attractive venture capital markets in the world. At present, most of the measurement and evaluation of the development level of China’s venture capital industry are qualitative evaluations and few quantitative evaluations, and the evaluation indicators are unitary. It is difficult to comprehensively measure the development status of the entire venture capital industry. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of China’s venture capital industry development index to reflect the development status of the entire industry, while dynamically tracking its future development trends. In the index system of China’s venture capital industry development index model, there are a total of ten indicators in three aspects: total, structural, and performance dimension. The calculation results are obtained by subjective and objective weighting target planning algorithm, and the final score evaluated by TOPSIS model is indexed. In this way, the development curve of China’s venture capital industry from 2006 to 2016 is obtained. Judging from the results reflected in the model conclusions, the index can better reflect the current development trend and problems faced by China’s venture capital industry.
miR-18a-5p Targets FBP1 to Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Liver Cancer Cells and Inhibit Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Gao Shan , Zhu Dongjie , Zhu Jian , Shen Lianqiang , Zhu Ming , Ren Xuefeng
Published: June 2021

Liver cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. It is significant to understand the molecular mechanism of liver cancer cells to develop new treatment plans. Studies have identified that FBP1 serves as a cancer inhibitor gene. To research the effect mechanism of FBP1 in liver cancer cells, bioinformatics analysis was performed to study its expression in liver cancer tissue. Survival analysis was also performed. Moreover, starBase database was applied to predict upstream regulatory genes of FBP1. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to testify their targeted relationship. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FBP1 in liver cancer cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The migratory and invasive abilities of cells were analyzed by Transwell assay. The apoptosis of liver cancer cells was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the expression of FBP1 was downregulated in liver cancer tissue and cells. FBP1 low expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. miR-18a-5p could inhibit FBP1 expression. Overexpression of FBP1 could inhibit the progression of liver cancer cells and promote cell apoptosis. Overexpressing miR-18a-5p could promote the progression of liver cancer cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. However, overexpressing FBP1 simultaneously could reverse the effect. miR-18a-5p and FBP1 are expected to be candidates for liver cancer treatment.
Discussion on the Theoretical Basis for Cross‐Over Method Applied to Downhole Wave Velocity Test
Authors: Dong Qing , Zhou Zheng-hua , Jie Su , Hao Bing , Li Yuan-dong
Published: June 2021

At engineering practice, the theoretical basis for the cross‐over method, used to obtain shear wave arrival time in the downhole method of the wave velocity test by surface forward and backward strike, is that the polarity of P‐wave keeps the same, while the polarity of S‐wave transforms when the direction of strike inverted. However, the characteristics of signals recorded in tests are often found to conflict with this theoretical basis for the cross‐over method, namely, the polarity of the P‐wave also transforms under the action of surface forward and backward strike. Therefore, 3D finite element numerical simulations were conducted to study the validity of the theoretical basis for the cross‐over method. The results show that both shear and compression waves are observed to be in 180° phase difference between horizontal signal traces, consistent with the direction of excitation generated by reversed impulse. Furthermore, numerical simulation results prove to be reliable by the analytic solution; it shows that the theoretical basis for the cross‐over method applied to the downhole wave velocity test is improper. In meanwhile, numerical simulations reveal the factors (inclining excitation, geophone deflection, inclination, and background noise) that may cause the polarity of the P‐wave not to reverse under surface forward and backward strike. Then, as to reduce the influence factors, we propose a method for the downhole wave velocity test under surface strike, the time difference of arrival is based between source peak and response peak, and numerical simulation results show that the S‐wave velocity by this method is close to the theoretical S‐wave velocity of soil.
Key Signaling Pathways Regulate the Development and Survival of Auditory Hair Cells
Authors: Liu Yao , Wei Mei , Mao Xiang , Chen Taisheng , Lin Peng , Wang Wei
Published: June 2021

The loss of auditory sensory hair cells (HCs) is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). As the main sound transmission structure in the cochlea, it is necessary to maintain the normal shape and survival of HCs. In this review, we described and summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the development and survival of auditory HCs in SNHL. The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Notch/Wnt/Atoh1, calcium channels, and oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways are the most relevant. The molecular interactions of these signaling pathways play an important role in the survival of HCs, which may provide a theoretical basis and possible therapeutic interventions for the treatment of hearing loss.
The Evolution of Diagenetic Fluids and Accumulation Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Upper Paleozoic, Southwestern Ordos Basin
Authors: Zhu Ruijing , Li Rongxi , Wu Xiaoli , Qin Xiaoli , Zhao Bangsheng , Liu Futian
Published: June 2021

The Upper Paleozoic in the southwestern Ordos Basin has significant potential for natural gas exploration. This study investigated the diagenetic fluid evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of He 8 section from Permian Lower Shihezi formation and Shan 1 section from Shanxi formation tight sandstone reservoirs by petrographic observation, scanning electron microscope imaging, fluid inclusion study, and laser Raman spectrum analysis. The results show that He 8 section and Shan 1 section reservoirs are mainly composed of quartz sandstone, subordinate arkose quartz sandstone, and lithic quartz sandstone, with minor lithic sandstone and lithic arkose sandstone. The major pores are intergranular dissolved pores. The main diagenetic minerals include quartz overgrowth, siliceous cement, carbonate cement, illite, montmorillonite, and mixed-layer clay minerals. The overall diagenetic features show strong compaction, multistage siliceous and calcareous cements, and abundant clay minerals, strong dissolution, and well-developed fractures. Two stages of fluid inclusions developed in the He 8 and Shan 1 sections recorded the migration and accumulation of the early-stage and late-stage natural gas, respectively. The reservoir in the study area experienced early and late diagenetic stages, and its formation was simultaneous with or after its densification. The diagenetic environment changed from alkaline to acidic and again into alkaline. There are two stages of fluid activities in the study area, namely, the early diagenetic stage corresponding to hydrocarbon generation and migration and the late diagenetic stage corresponding to hydrocarbon accumulation. This study suggests that Upper Paleozoic natural gas migrated into the reservoir in Weibei Uplift, Yishan Slope, and Tianhuan Depression tectonic units during 220-197 Ma, and the large-scale migration and accumulation occurred in these tectonic units at different times. No natural gas was generated in the west margin of the basin because the temperatures of the hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic were below the gas window.
An Investigation of Regional Plantar Soft Tissue Hardness and Its Potential Correlation with Plantar Pressure Distribution in Healthy Adults
Authors: Helili Maimaitirexiati , Geng Xiang , Ma Xin , Chen Wenming , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu
Published: June 2021

Background. The plantar soft tissue plays a critical role in absorbing shocks and attenuating excessive stresses during walking. Plantar soft tissue property and plantar pressure are critical information for footwear design and clinical assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plantar soft tissue hardness and plantar pressure during walking. Methods. 59 healthy volunteers (27 males and 32 females, aged 20 to 82) participated in this study. The plantar surface was divided into five regions: lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, lateral midfoot, lateral forefoot, and medial forefoot, and the plantar tissue hardness was tested using Shore durometer in each region. Average dynamic pressures in each region were analyzed for the five regions corresponding to the hardness tests. The relationship between hardness and average dynamic pressure was analyzed in each region. Results. The average hardness of the plantar soft tissue in the above five regions is as follows: lateral rearfoot (

34.49
±
6.77

), medial rearfoot (

34.47
±
6.64

), lateral midfoot (

27.95
±
6.13

), lateral forefoot (

29.72
±
5.47

), and medial forefoot (

28.58
±
4.41

). Differences of hardness were observed between age groups, and hardness of plantar soft tissues in forefoot regions increased with age (

P
<
0.05

). A negative relationship was found between plantar soft tissue hardness and pressure reduction at lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, and lateral midfoot (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The hardness of plantar soft tissues changes with age in healthy individuals, and there is a trend of increasing hardness of the plantar soft tissue with age. The plantar soft tissue hardness increases with plantar pressure.
Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Qiao Qinqin , Chen Liang , Li Xiang , Lu Xiangyang , Xu Qingbiao
Published: June 2021

Bioactive peptides (BPs) are fragments of 2–15 amino acid residues with biological properties. Dietary BPs derived from milk, egg, fish, soybean, corn, rice, quinoa, wheat, oat, potato, common bean, spirulina, and mussel are reported to possess beneficial effects on redox balance and metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)). Peptide length, sequence, and composition significantly affected the bioactive properties of dietary BPs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various dietary protein‐derived BPs exhibited biological activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, including Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/antioxidant response element in oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator‐activated‐γ, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 in obesity; insulin receptor substrate‐1/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and AMP‐activated protein kinase in diabetes; angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension; and mitogen‐activated protein kinase and nuclear factor‐kappa B in IBD. This review focuses on the action of molecular mechanisms of dietary BPs and provides novel insights in the maintenance of redox balance and metabolic diseases of human.
An Integrated Genetic Algorithm and Homotopy Analysis Method to Solve Nonlinear Equation Systems
Authors: Omar Hala A.
Published: June 2021

Solving nonlinear equation systems for engineering applications is one of the broadest and most essential numerical studies. Several methods and combinations were developed to solve such problems by either finding their roots mathematically or formalizing such problems as an optimization task to obtain the optimal solution using a predetermined objective function. This paper proposes a new algorithm for solving square and nonsquare nonlinear systems combining the genetic algorithm (GA) and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). First, the GA is applied to find out the solution. If it is realized, the algorithm is terminated at this stage as the target solution is determined. Otherwise, the HAM is initiated based on the GA stage’s computed initial guess and linear operator. Moreover, the GA is utilized to calculate the optimum value of the convergence control parameter (h) algebraically without plotting the h-curves or identifying the valid region. Four test functions are examined in this paper to verify the proposed algorithm’s accuracy and efficiency. The results are compared to the Newton HAM (NHAM) and Newton homotopy differential equation (NHDE). The results corroborated the superiority of the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear equation systems efficiently.
Research on Energy-Saving Experimental of Critical Dehumidification of Combined Drying by Dehumidification Wheel and Heat Pump
Authors: Wang Jiaoling , Song Weidong , Jin Chengqian , Ding Tianhang , Wang Mingyou , Wu Jinji
Published: June 2021

In order to further decrease the energy consumption of desiccant wheel dehumidification, the drying medium circulation characteristics of a system combining heat pump drying with desiccant wheel dehumidification were investigated. Moreover, the critical dehumidification conversion mechanism was studied. The analysis of the heat pump hot air circulation system demonstrated that the heat pump system has the best dehumidification efficiency. Through the analysis of the system combining heat pump drying with desiccant wheel dehumidification, the critical conversion point was determined. The critical dehumidification mechanism was further verified using an online temperature and humidity measurement system. To investigate the effect of the critical point on energy consumption and drying quality and develop a drying model, response surface experiments were performed based on the effects of regeneration temperature, drying temperature, and conversion point relative humidity on rehydration, color difference, and specific moisture extraction rate (SMER). The optimal conversion point humidity was determined to be about 46% RH, which was slightly different from the test optimization value of 45.6% RH. In addition, comprehensive optimization and experimental verification of the influencing factors were conducted. The results demonstrated that the R2 values of the three models were greater than 0.98, and the experimental factors had a significant effect on drying quality and energy consumption. When the regeneration temperature was 96°C, the drying temperature was 53°C, the relative humidity of the conversion point was 46%, the color difference was 46.3, the rehydration ratio was 5.75, and the SMER was 1.62 kg/kW·h.
Individual Driver Crash Risk Classification Based on IoV Data and Offline Consumer Behavior Data
Authors: Zhao Xuemei , Lu Ting , Dai Yonghui
Published: June 2021

With the development of big data technologies, usage-based insurance (UBI) has received considerable attention from insurance companies. UBI products focus on identifying the relationship between the individual driver’s risk and online channel behavior variables from Internet of Vehicles (IoV) data. Although omnichannel information integration has promoted the development of many industries, it has not been used to improve the accuracy of driver risk classification models in insurance industries. This paper investigates the role of combining different channel variables in improving the classification of driver’s risk. Specifically, several models, including logistic regression and three different data mining techniques (neural networks, random forests, and support vector machines), augmented with driving behavior data based on the IoV and offline consumer behavior data collected from 4S (Sale, Spare part, Service, Survey) dealers, are applied to the classification model of risk. The empirical results show that the inclusion of online and offline channel data improves the different risk assessments; results also demonstrate the importance of offline consumer behavior variables in different models. These insights have important implications for insurance companies on UBI pricing strategy and cost management.
Developing a Framework for Spatial Effects of Smart Cities Based on Spatial Econometrics
Authors: Liu Kongling , Wang Mengjun , Li Jianchang , Huang Jingjing , Huang Xuhui , Chen Shuhang , Cheng Baoquan
Published: June 2021

The rapid urbanization in China has already put heavy pressures on imperfect infrastructure, especially for fundamental urban functions such as power and water supply, traffic, education, and healthcare. The emergence of smart cities can help cope with the rapidly expanding demands on urban infrastructure. However, the development of smart cities in China is just in its infancy, and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development path of smart cities. This article focuses on the development of smart cities in China. It aims to (a) judge whether there is spatial autoregression in the construction of smart cities in 83 Chinese cities and (b) identify key influencing factors in the development of smart cities in China through a spatial econometric model developed by GeoDa software. The results show that there exists spatial autoregression in the development of smart cities in China. Four key influencing factors (governmental support, innovative level, economic development, and human capital) are identified. Based on these findings, suggestions for future promoting development of smart cities in China are put forward. This research can deepen the understanding of the spatial effects of smart cities and provide valuable decision‐making references for policy makers.
An Improved Tool Wear Monitoring Method Using Local Image and Fractal Dimension of Workpiece
Authors: Yu Haicheng , Wang Kun , Zhang Ruhai , Wu Xiaojun , Tong Yulin , Wang Ruiyuan , He Dedao
Published: June 2021

Tool wear is a key factor that dominates the surface quality and distinctly influences the generated workpiece surface texture. In order to realize accurate evaluation of the tool wear from the generated workpiece surface after machining process, a new tool wear monitoring method is developed by fractal dimension of the acquired workpiece surface digital image. A self-made simple apparatus is employed to capture the local digital images around the region of interest. In addition, a skew correction method based on local fast Fourier transformation energy is also proposed for the surface texture direction adjustment. Furthermore, the tool wear quantitative evaluation was derived based on fractal dimension utilizing its high reliability for inherent irregularity description. The proposed tool wear monitoring method has verified its feasibility as well as its effectiveness in actual milling experiments using the material of AISI 1045 in a vertical machining center. Testing results demonstrate that the proposed method was capable of tool wear condition evaluation.
Bacteremia in a Newborn with Hypocalcemic Seizures and Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Moore Rebecca L. , Lorenz Matthew L. , Fredette Meghan E. , Topor Lisa Swartz
Published: June 2021

Infants with neonatal hypocalcemia often present with seizures, and neonatal hypocalcemia can be due to parathyroid (PTH) insufficiency or resistance. Causes of hypocalcemia with PTH elevation include increased phosphate load, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) or defects in metabolism, renal dysfunction, hypomagnesemia, genetic mutations resulting in end-organ resistance to PTH, or critical illness. Hypocalcemia has also been shown to be associated with Gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis in adults. We present the case of a full-term, formula-fed newborn presenting with late-onset hypocalcemic seizures and VDD in the setting of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. This case highlights that newborns presenting with hypocalcemic seizures should undergo a workup for sepsis.
A Stochastic User Equilibrium Formulation for the Cumulative Prospect Theory-Based Cross-Nested Logit
Authors: Yan Dongmei , Yang Yang
Published: June 2021

The cumulative prospect theory provides a better description for route choice behavior of the travelers in an uncertain road network environment. In this study, we proposed a multiclass cumulative prospect value- (CPV-) based cross-nested logit (CNL) stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) model. For this model, an equivalent variational inequality (VI) model is provided, and the existence and equivalence of the model solutions are also proved. The method of successive averages (MSA), method of successive weighted averages (MSWA), and self-regulated averaging (SRA) method are designed and compared. In addition, the proposed multiclass CPV-based CNL SUE model is also compared with the multiclass utility value- (UV-) based CNL SUE model. The results show that the path flow assigned by the multiclass CPV-based CNL SUE model is more consistent with the actual situation. The impact of different model parameters on the cumulative prospect value (CPV) is investigated.
Analysis of Unsteady Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump under Part Load Based on DDES Turbulence Model
Authors: Xin Tang , Zhili Liu , Meng Zhao , Haotian Yang , Wei Jiang , Yuchuan Wang , Diyi Chen
Published: June 2021

To better reveal the mechanism of the rotor‐stator interference between the impeller and the guide vane and the evolution process of the stall vortex under the part‐load conditions, numerical simulation is carried out based on the DDES turbulence model, which can better capture vortex structure. And the pressure pulsation and the radial velocity distribution of the centrifugal pump are studied. The vortex structure and pressure fluctuation of pump internal flow field under part‐load condition of Q = 0.4 Qdes are mainly analyzed. The analysis results show that the stall vortex is formed at the inlet of the impeller and evolves to the outlet of the impeller, the front cover to the rear cover according to the fluid flow direction, and then disappears. Besides, under the part‐load condition, the vorticity of the impeller outlet is always obviously less than that of the impeller inlet as the flow rate increases. Due to the asymmetric action of the volute, the radial velocity distribution law of flow channel C1 is different from other flow channels at different blade heights. By analyzing the radial velocity, the phenomenon that the jet‐wake flow impacts the guide vane with the rotation of the impeller is the main reason for the rotor‐stator interference. And large radial velocity gradients appear at the front and rear cover plates, which will cause high energy loss and reduce pump efficiency. Besides, the conclusion can be drawn that the region with the strongest rotor‐stator interference is the inlet region of the guide vane suction surface. It also occurs near the volute tongue but is lower due to the effect of the guide vane. This research may serve as a reference for the safe operation of centrifugal pumps under part‐load conditions.
Cariogenic Potential of Human and Bovine Milk on Enamel Demineralization
Authors: Ricomini Filho Antonio P. , de Assis Ana Camila M. , Costa Oliveira Bárbara E. , Cury Jaime A.
Published: June 2021

The higher cariogenicity of human milk when compared with bovine milk is still a debatable subject. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of human or bovine milk exposure on biofilm composition and enamel demineralization using a validated cariogenic biofilm model. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms (n = 8) were grown on human saliva-coated bovine enamel slabs of known surface hardness. The biofilms were exposed 8×/day to 0.9% NaCl (negative control), human milk, bovine milk, 7.0% lactose (active human milk control), 4.5% lactose (active bovine milk control), or 10% sucrose (positive control). The culture medium was changed twice daily, and the pH was analyzed as an indicator of biofilm acidogenicity. After 120 h of growth, biofilms were harvested to evaluate viable cells, and soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Enamel demineralization was assessed by the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test (α = 5%). In terms of %SHL, negative control (7.7 ± 3.1), human milk control (13.3 ± 7.5), bovine milk control (15.3 ± 8.2), human milk (7.5 ± 5.0), and bovine milk (8.7 ± 6.3) did not differ among them (p > 0.05) but differed (p < 0.05) from sucrose (55.1 ± 5.4). The findings of enamel demineralization (%SHL) were statistically supported by the data of biofilm acidogenicity, bacterial counts and EPS biofilm composition. This experimental study suggests that human and bovine milk have low cariogenic potential to provoke caries lesions in enamel.
Excess Body Weight and Gallstone Disease
Authors: Stokes Caroline Sarah , Lammert Frank
Published: June 2021

Background: Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. Summary: The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. Key Messages: Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.
Impacto dos transtornos depressivo e de ansiedade no controle da asma
Authors: Rocha Ana Carolina Cunha , Silveira Ana Luísa Rodrigues da , Schaper Flávia Cardoso , Garib Júnia Rios , Barros Nillo Akizo
Published: June 2021

A asma é uma doença prevalente nos ambulatórios e consultórios de Pneumologia, atingindo faixas etárias variadas. O controle da doença visa melhorar a qualidade de vida do portador e evitar complicações, sendo feito através do uso de medicações anti-inflamatórias e broncodilatadoras e do controle de fatores ambientais, possíveis gatilhos das crises. No entanto, pouco se fala a respeito da influência das condições psicológicas sobre esse controle. O transtorno de ansiedade e o transtorno depressivo são muito prevalentes na atualidade e existem diversas evidências de que exercem forte influência no controle da asma. Com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade em pacientes portadores de asma e analisar o impacto destes no controle da doença, foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo no período de abril de 2019 a março de 2020 envolvendo asmáticos atendidos no ambulatório de Pneumologia da Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte (MG). Participaram do estudo 40 pacientes, que responderam a dois questionários validados (HADS - Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e ACT - Asthma Control Test) e dos quais foram coletados dados demográficos e espirométricos. Os resultados mostraram a existência de associação entre o controle da asma e os transtornos psiquiátricos. A prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e/ou depressão na totalidade da amostra foi de 75%, sendo o de ansiedade o mais prevalente. Entre os portadores de asma não controlada, os transtornos estavam presentes em 92%, ao passo que entre aqueles com asma controlada a prevalência foi de 47%. Não houve, no entanto, associação significativa entre idade, sexo, alterações espirométricas e o controle da asma. Ao final do estudo, não foi possível definir claramente a relação causa-consequência entre controle da asma e os transtornos psiquiátricos, apesar da evidente associação encontrada, sendo necessário, portanto, novos estudos para tal.
infecção do HPV como fator de risco para o carcinoma de células escamosas de esôfago e seu prognóstico
Authors: Nassar Ana Carolina Ferrari , Garcia Débora de Oliveira , Salvio Júlia Royd Costa , Altieri Nathalie Gabrielle Gomes Lessa , Izique Letícia Pacolla , Isper Carolina , Menderico Junior Gilberto Mendes
Published: June 2021

O câncer de esôfago é o 8º mais comum no mundo, com uma taxa de sobrevida em torno de 20% em cinco anos. O tipo histológico mais frequente é o carcinoma de células escamosas, o qual apresenta variações geográficas e étnicas. Os fatores de riscos para tal patologia não são bem definidos. Um dos principais é a infecção pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV), que apresenta quadros frequentes, porém transitórios, podendo regredir espontaneamente. Os subtipos que apresentam maior risco de malignidade são o 16 e 18. Dessa forma, uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada a partir da base de dados de referência, como Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs. Foram aplicados os critérios de exclusão e inclusão e assim obteve o resultado e assim 25 artigos incluídos nessa revisão e 39 excluídos. O estudo demonstrou presença do HPV no CEC de esôfago em 648 (24,4%) das 2647 amostras de tecidos neoplásicos, detectados através de diferentes técnicas. O que foi observado, todavia, é que essa grande prevalência muito se relaciona à região geográfica estudada. Por fim, foi considerado que de fato existe uma relação entre o HPV e o CEC de esôfago, como analisado na grande maioria dos estudos, porém ainda não se pode chegar a uma conclusão efetiva acerca da sua interferência no prognóstico do paciente.
Reirradiação em paciente com cancro da mama tratada por linfoma de Hodgkin
Authors: Figueiredo André Filipe Pinheiro , Delgado Diogo de Carvalho Miranda e Silva , Mendonça Vera Margarida de Azevedo Andrade Arnaut , Jorge Lemos Marília Maria Liberato
Published: June 2021

A sobrevida longa das pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin submetidas a quimioradioterapia numa idade precoce tem evidenciado os efeitos tardios deste tratamento. O desenvolvimento de cancro da mama radio-induzido é um dos riscos descritos, ocorrendo quase exclusivamente após um intervalo de 10 anos do tratamento. A idade ao diagnóstico entre os 10-16 anos, a radioterapia de campo amplo e um aumento da dose prescrita são os fatores de risco estabelecidos. A cirurgia conservadora da mama com radioterapia adjuvante é exequível, mas, dada a irradiação prévia, devem ser equacionadas estratégias de redução de dose nos órgãos de risco. Apresenta-se o caso de cancro da mama secundário numa paciente submetida em jovem a quimioradioterapia, com técnica de irradiação em manto, por linfoma de Hodgkin supradiafragmático. Após discussão multidisciplinar e dada a vontade da paciente em preservar a mama, foi tratada com cirurgia conservadora e radioterapia adjuvante.