bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Brand Image dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil Toyota Avanza pada PT. Hasjrat Abadi Tendean Manado
Authors: Tirtaatmaja Dais Iis , Tampi Johny R. E. , Punuindoong Aneke Y.
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the influence of Brand Image and Price on consumers purchasing decisions in PT. Hasjrat Abadi Tendean Manado. The population that used is all of the consumers’ of PT. Hasjrat Abadi Tendean Manado where the population size is unknown. The sample which is taken in this research is 96 respondents who had used Toyota Avanza and used the simple random sampling technique. The sample based on respondent level techniques and the data collection method with using questionnaire. The statistical analysis that used in this research in linear regression analysis with using SPSS 25 for windows. The result of this research demonstrate that the Brand Image and Price have a positive influence and have significant influence on purchasing decisions. The amounts of Brand Image and Price influence on purchasing decisions are 59,5% and 40,5% which are influenced by other variables. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis that the brand image and price variables have a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions.
Analisis Rasio Solvabilitas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada Bank SulutGo
Authors: Runtuwene Aditya , Pelleng Frendy A. O. , Manoppo Wilfried S.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the financial performance based on Bank Sulut Go's solvency ratio. In this study quantitative descriptive research was used. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques, namely data obtained from documents in the form of financial statements of North Sulawesi Bank in 2014-2018. The analysis technique used is bank solvency ratio analysis consisting of Capital Ratio, Primary Ratio, Risk Assets Ratio, Secondary Risk Ratio, and Capital Adequacy Ratio. Based on the results obtained that the primary ratio, risk assets ratio, capital ratio, and capital adequacy ratio that pay attention to fixed assets, as well as PT Bank SulutGo capital adequacy ratio in 2014 - 2018 shows a trend of increasing. The minimum level of capital provision for Bank SulutGo is fulfilled from 2014 to 2018 in accordance with regulations concerning changes to Bank Indonesia Regulation Number: 7/15 / PBI / 2005 concerning the number of core capital of commercial banks which requires CAR to be at least 8%.
PRODUCTION OF PHYTOHORMONES OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM AND AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE UNDER THEIR SIMULTANEOUS CULTIVATION
Authors: Kozar S.F.
Published: July 2019

Objective. Investigate the activity of biosynthesis of phytohormonal substances with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in pure and mixed culture.

Methods. Microbiological, chromatographic, and mathematical.

Results It has been established that the simultaneous cultivation of B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 increases the content of gibberellins and cytokinins in the culture fluid of the test microorganisms. The content of gibberellic acid and isopentenylidene has increased most intensively in mixed culture compared with the pure culture of rhizobia. In the course of co-cultivation, the studied diazotrophs more intensively produced auxins compared to soybean rhizobia in pure culture, but less compared to pure culture of azospirilla. The highest level of abscisic acid that can inhibit the formation of nodules was found in A. brasilense 410 culture fluid, and it was lower when cultivating B japonicum M-8. However, the smallest amount of this phytohormone was found in the culture liquid of diazotrophs under their co-cultivation. The lowest ratio of auxin/cytokinin was found in B. japonicum M-8 and A. brasilense 410 culture fluid under their co-cultivation, which should positively influence the formation of a symbiotic system when interacting with soybean plants.

Conclusion. A combination of cultivating rhizobia and azospirilla showed an increase in the amount of cytokinins and gibberellins in the culture fluid of the microorganisms, a decrease in the amount of abscisic acid and improvement in the auxin/cytokinin ratio compared to the values of the pure cultures of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria studied. An analysis of the quantitative parameters of the content of phytohormones suggests the feasibility of combining B. japonicum and A. brasilense in a mixed culture for the effective introduction of rhizobia in soybean agrocenosis.
BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM REACTION IN PURE CULTURE AND SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMS TO THE USE OF NANOCARBOXYLATES OF MICROELEMENTS
Authors: Kots S.Ya. , Rybachenko L.I. , Pukhtaievych P.P. , Rybachenko O.R.
Published: July 2019

Objective. Study the influence of various concentrations of germanium, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, iron, copper and zinc on the growth dynamics of rhizobia, to select the most effective ones for studying their role as components of the digest medium in growing rhizobia and optimizing the formation and functioning of symbiotic soybean – Bradyrhizobium japonicum systems.

Methods. Microbiological, physiological, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography.

Results. It was found that the addition of most of the studied trace elements to the rhizobia growth medium had a positive effect on the growth dynamics of the bacterial culture. The exception was zinc nanocarboxylate, the introduction of which in the digest medium significantly reduced the growth of biomass bacteria. At the same time, irrespective of concentration, the most stimulating effect on the dynamics of growth of rhizobia in a pure culture was typical for the nanocarboxylates of iron, germanium and molybdenum. Their maximum action was developed at a concentration of 1:1000. These compounds are promising when adding rhizobia cultivating medium and studying their effect on the processes of forming and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems. Analysis of the results of vegetation experiments showed that the use of iron, germanium and molybdenum nanocarboxylates as components of the rice growing medium at a concentration of 1:1000 positively influenced the processes of formation and functioning of symbiotic systems formed with the participation of various Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains – 634b and 604k, as well as on the growth of the vegetative mass of soybean plants. In this case, the most effective was germanium nanocarboxylate.

Conclusion. The promising use of the active strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b in combination with germanium nanocarboxylate in soybean cultivation has been experimentally proven to enhance the effectiveness of symbiotic systems.
TRENDS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PRESERVED CORN ROLLED GRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Authors: Perederii M.H. , Kravchenko N.O. , Bozhok L.V. , Dmytruk O.M.
Published: July 2019

Objective. To study the trends of microbiological processes, changes in the level of acidity and the ratio of accumulated organic acids in preserved corn rolled grain due to the influence of selected strains of Bacillus subtilis, promising for the creation of biological preservatives on their basis.

Methods. Microbiological, zootechnical.

Results. Grain processing with suspensions of the test strains of B. subtilis promotes the intensive development of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria in feed at day 15 of preservation, with subsequent gradual decrease at day 30 and 70 of the experiment. The number of lactic acid bacteria at day 14 after opening samples of preserved corn rolled grain is a tenfold higher than in the control variant (without the additional application of microorganisms). The dynamics of yeast growth in the feed due to the effect of the test strains of B. subtilis is characterized by their intensive development at day 15 with a gradual decrease in the number in all variants at day 30 and 70 of preservation. The number of moulds in the control variant exceeds the maximum allowable level (up to 5×104 CFU per 1 g feed) and is 2×105 at day 7 and 6.2×105 at day 14 after opening and access of air to the thickness of the preserved mass. In experimental variants, the number of moulds is smaller compared with the control both in the process of preservation and after opening the feed. The optimum pH and the ratio of organic acids at day 14 after opening has been registered in the rolled grain treated with B. subtilis B1, B. subtilis B6y and B. subtilis 44-p.

Conclusion. The use of selected B. subtilis strains to preserve moist corn rolled grain promotes the establishment of the optimum level of acidity of the feed and the ratio of organic acids, inhibition of the development of undesirable microorganisms.
Strategies to Prevent Peritonitis after Procedures: Our Opinions
Authors: Chaudhry Rafia I. , Chopra Tushar , Fissell Rachel , Golper Thomas A.
Published: July 2019

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) patients are at increased risk of peritonitis following elective colonoscopy and other potentially invasive dental or gynecological procedures. The increased risk of iatrogenic peritonitis is attributed to procedure-related factors such as instrumentation, biopsies, tissue injury, and peri-procedural bacterial contamination. Also contributory are patient-related factors such as the effect of the immunocompromised status of end-stage renal disease and the presence of intraperitoneal dialysate on the disruption of natural host defense mechanisms. We propose the use of standard peri-procedure protocols, including procedure-specific prophylactic antibiotics, and discuss the enhanced defense rationale for a dry abdomen during and sometimes after procedures. Depending on the procedure and its inherent risk of causing peritonitis, as well as the patient's ability to withhold PD for up to 3 days, we sometimes increase the intensity of PD before the procedure. We conclude that it is imperative that proceduralists and nephrologists be aware of and proactive about how to mitigate postprocedure PD complications.
Review of Antibiotic Dosing with Peritonitis in APD
Authors: Mancini Ann , Piraino Beth
Published: July 2019

Peritonitis is the leading cause of transfer from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD). It is also the leading cause of hospitalization of PD patients. The usual treatment of peritonitis for automated PD (APD) patients consists of antibiotics given once daily in the long dwell. However, the once-daily antibiotic dosing recommendations are based primarily on studies with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) regimens. Published studies on antibiotic dosing in APD are very limited. We will review the scant literature on this topic. It is possible that extrapolating once-daily dosing from CAPD to APD may lead to underdosing. There is a need for further pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotic dosing in APD.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Outcomes by Dialysis Modality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lozier Matthew R. , Sanchez Alexandra M. , Lee John J. , Tamariz Leonardo J. , Valle Gabriel A.
Published: July 2019

Debates exist regarding the merit of starting one dialysis modality over the other for improved cardiovascular outcomes. Five previously published prospective and retrospective cohort studies have reported inconsistent conclusions on this topic. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the influence initiation of hemodialysis (HD) vs peritoneal dialysis (PD) may have on the relative risk (RR) of subsequent development of adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Of the 518 records identified, 5 cohort studies, assessing a total of 47,062 patients were included in the meta-analysis. With regard to the subsequent development of ACVE following initiation on the different dialysis modalities, the pooled RR was found to be non-significant. Peritoneal dialysis is a suitable and cost-effective alternative to HD for ESRD patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
The Norm Bourke Box: A Patient-Led Initiative to Improve Care for Rural Patients Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Scholes-Robertson Nicole
Published: July 2019

Patients living in rural communities face many barriers and challenges in accessing peritoneal dialysis (PD) because it often requires travelling long distances, and accommodation away from home for training and follow-up. Patient perception is that there is a lack of financial support for out-of-pocket expenses, which makes home-based treatments less appealing. It can be difficult for patients to source equipment required to do PD safely and effectively at home, and more difficult for those who live in rural or remote settings. This article describes a patient-led initiative—the “Norm Bourke Box” (NBB) for patients requiring PD in rural New South Wales, Australia. The NBB provides necessary equipment including bathroom scales and a blood pressure machine, that are not supplied by the health service. For patients, this has enabled a “good start” to PD and has helped to alleviate the financial burden and stress of needing to source the equipment required for PD. This also gave patients and staff reassurance because patients could undertake training with the equipment that they would be using at home to support efficient and safe practice at home. Efforts are now underway to expand the distribution of the NBB to help improve access and care for rural patients on PD.
Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity
Authors: Takigami Machiko , Kobayashi Rieko , Ishii Takafumi , Imashiro Yasuo , Ozaki Jun-ichi
Published: July 2019

Carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts are regarded as a promising candidate to replace the currently used Pt catalyst in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs); however, the active sites remain under discussion. We predicted that warped graphitic layers (WGLs) are responsible for the ORR catalytic activity in some carbon catalysts (i.e., carbon alloy catalysts (CACs)). To prove our assumption, we needed to use WGLs consisting of carbon materials, but without any extrinsic catalytic elements, such as nitrogen, iron, or cobalt, which effectively enhance ORR activity. The present study employed a fullerene extraction residue as a starting material to construct WGLs. The oxidation of the material at 600 °C exposed the WGLs by removing the surrounding amorphous moieties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed the formation of WGLs by oxidation treatment at 600 °C in an O2/N2 stream. Extending the oxidation time increased the purity of the WGL phase, but also simultaneously increased the concentration of oxygen-containing surface functional groups as monitored by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The specific ORR activity increased with oxidation up to 1 h and then decreased with the intensive oxidation treatment. Correlations between the specific ORR activity and other parameters confirmed that the development of the WGL and the increase in the O/C ratio are the competing factors determining specific ORR activity. These results explain the maximum specific ORR activity after 1 h of oxidation time. WGLs were found to lower the heat of adsorption for O2 and to increase the occurrence of heterogeneous electron transfer.
Nonparametric Star Formation History Reconstruction with Gaussian Processes. I. Counting Major Episodes of Star Formation
Authors: Iyer Kartheik G. , Gawiser Eric , Faber Sandra M. , Ferguson Henry C. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Koekemoer Anton M. , Pacifici Camilla , Somerville Rachel S.
Published: July 2019

The star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies contain imprints of the physical processes responsible for regulating star formation during galaxy growth and quenching. We improve the Dense Basis SFH reconstruction method of Iyer & Gawiser, introducing a nonparametric description of the SFH based on the lookback times at which a galaxy assembles certain quantiles of its stellar mass. The method uses Gaussian processes to create smooth SFHs independent of any functional form, with a flexible number of parameters that is adjusted to extract the maximum amount of information from the SEDs being fit. Applying the method to reconstruct the SFHs of 48,791 galaxies with H < 25 at 0.5 < z < 3.0 across the five Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields, we study the evolution of galaxies over time. We quantify the fraction of galaxies that show multiple major episodes of star formation, finding that the median time between two peaks of star formation is

, where t
univ is the age of the universe at a given redshift and remains roughly constant with stellar mass. Correlating SFHs with morphology allows us to compare the timescales on which the SFHs decline for different morphological classifications, ranging from

for galaxies with spiral arms to

for spheroids at 0.5 < z < 1.0 with 1010 < M
* < 1010.5
M
⊙. The Gaussian process–based SFH description provides a general approach to reconstruct smooth, flexible, nonparametric SFH posteriors for galaxies that can be incorporated into Bayesian SED fitting codes to minimize the bias in estimating physical parameters due to SFH parameterization.
Nonequilibrium Ionization Effects on Solar EUV and X-Ray Imaging Observations
Authors: Lee Jin-Yi , Raymond John C. , Reeves Katharine K. , Shen Chengcai , Moon Yong-Jae , Kim Yeon-Han
Published: July 2019

During transient events such as major solar eruptions, the plasma can be far from the equilibrium ionization state because of rapid heating or cooling. Nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) is important in rapidly evolving systems where the thermodynamical timescale is shorter than the ionization or recombination timescales. We investigate the effects of NEI on EUV and X-ray observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. Our model assumes that the plasma is initially in ionization equilibrium at low temperature, and it is heated rapidly by a shock or magnetic reconnection. We tabulate the responses of the AIA and XRT passbands as functions of temperature and a characteristic timescale, n

e

t. We find that most of the ions reach equilibrium at n

e

t ≤ 1012 cm−3 s. Comparing ratios of the responses between different passbands allows us to determine whether a combination of plasmas at temperatures in ionization equilibrium can account for a given AIA and XRT observation. It also expresses how far the observed plasma is from equilibrium ionization. We apply the ratios to a supra-arcade plasma sheet on 2012 January 27. We find that the closer the plasma is to the arcade, the closer it is to a single-temperature plasma in ionization equilibrium. We also utilize the set of responses to estimate the temperature and density for shocked plasma associated with a coronal mass ejection on 2010 June 13. The temperature and density ranges we obtain are in reasonable agreement with previous works.
Population Estimates for Electromagnetically Distinguishable Supermassive Binary Black Holes
Authors: Krolik Julian H. , Volonteri Marta , Dubois Yohan , Devriendt Julien
Published: July 2019

Distinguishing the photon output of an accreting supermassive black hole binary system from that of a single supermassive black hole accreting at the same rate is intrinsically difficult because the majority of the light emerges from near the innermost stable orbits of the black holes. However, there are two possible signals that can distinctively mark binaries, both arising from the gap formed in circumbinary accretion flows inside approximately twice the binary separation. One of these is a “notch” cut into the thermal spectra of these systems in the IR/optical/UV, the other a periodically varying excess hard X-ray luminosity whose period is of order the binary orbital period. Using data from detailed galaxy evolution simulations, we estimate the distribution function in mass, mass ratio, and accretion rate for accreting supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) as a function of redshift and then transform this distribution function into predicted source counts for these two potential signals. At flux levels ≳10−13 erg cm−2 s−1, there may be ∼O(102) such systems in the sky, mostly in the redshift range 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1. Roughly 10% should have periods short enough (≲5 yr) to detect the X-ray modulation; this is also the period range accessible to Pulsar Timing Array observations.
A Dramatic Decrease in Carbon Star Formation in M31
Authors: Boyer M. L. , Williams B. F. , Aringer B. , Chen Y. , Dalcanton J. J. , Girardi L. , Guhathakurta P. , Marigo P. , Olsen K. A. G. , Rosenfield P. , Weisz D. R.
Published: July 2019

We analyze resolved stellar near-infrared photometry of 21 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fields in M31 to constrain the impact of metallicity on the formation of carbon stars. Observations of nearby galaxies show that carbon stars are increasingly rare at higher metallicity. Models indicate that carbon star formation efficiency drops due to the decrease in dredge-up efficiency in metal-rich thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) stars, coupled to a higher initial abundance of oxygen. However, while models predict a metallicity ceiling above which carbon stars cannot form, previous observations have not yet pinpointed this limit. Our new observations reliably separate carbon stars from M-type TP-AGB stars across 2.6–13.7 kpc of M31's metal-rich disk using HST WFC3/IR medium-band filters. We find that the ratio of C to M stars (C/M) decreases more rapidly than extrapolations of observations in more metal-poor galaxies, resulting in a C/M that is too low by more than a factor of 10 in the innermost fields and indicating a dramatic decline in C star formation efficiency at metallicities higher than [M/H] ≈ −0.1 dex. The metallicity ceiling remains undetected, but must occur at metallicities higher than what is measured in M31's inner disk ([M/H] ≳ +0.06 dex).
Jet Power of Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for Evolution and Unification
Authors: Fan Xu-Liang , Wu Qingwen
Published: July 2019

We construct samples of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with low-frequency radio data from the recently released TGSS AD1 catalog at 150 MHz. With these samples, we compare the properties of jet power for blazars, radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (RL-NLS1s), young radio sources (YRSs), and radio galaxies. The jet–disk connection, and the unification of jetted AGNs are explored. On the Eddington ratio–Eddington-scaled jet power plane, jetted AGNs can generally be divided into two populations. Low power radio galaxies, low excitation FR IIs (LEG/FR IIs), and most YRSs show larger jet power than accretion power, while on the contrary FSRQs, RL-NLS1s, and high excitation FR IIs (HEG/FR IIs) show larger accretion power than jet power. LEG/FR IIs share similar jet power properties with HEG/FR IIs, while their accretion properties are different from the latter. These facts suggest an evolutional sequence from HEG/FR IIs, LEG/FR IIs to FR Is, where the accretion and jet activities get dimmed gradually. LEG/FR IIs are the transitional objects that accretion processes have switched off, while jets are still active. After correcting the contribution from the radio core of blazars, the unification between blazars and radio galaxies is confirmed with the jet power distributions. The unification that involved RL-NLS1s is more complicated than the simple scenarios of black hole growth or orientation effect. In addition, our results manifest that low synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) contain two distinct groups regarding the distribution of jet power, with one group being similar to FSRQs and the other similar to intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects. The LBLs with higher jet powers might be the aligned counterparts of LEG/FR IIs.
Parallax of the IBEX Ribbon Indicates a Spatially Retained Source
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Swaczyna P. , McComas D. J. , Heerikhuisen J.
Published: July 2019

In 2009, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) discovered the existence of a narrow “ribbon” of intense energetic neutral atom emission projecting approximately a circle in the sky. It is believed that the ribbon originates from outside of the heliopause in radial directions (

) perpendicular to the local interstellar magnetic field (ISMF),

, i.e.,

. Swaczyna et al. estimated the distance to the IBEX ribbon via the parallax method comparing the ribbon position observed from opposite sides of the Sun. They found a parallax angle of 0.°41 ± 0.°15, yielding a distance of

au to a portion of the ribbon at high ecliptic latitudes. In this study, we demonstrate how the apparent shift of the ribbon in the sky, and thus the apparent distance to the ribbon's source found via the parallax, depends on the transport effects of energetic ions outside the heliopause. We find that the apparent shift of the ribbon based on the “spatial retention” model with ion enhancement near

, as proposed by Schwadron & McComas, agrees with the parallax of the source region. Parallax is also accurate for a homogeneously distributed emission source. However, if there is weak pitch-angle scattering and ions propagate freely along the ISMF, the apparent shift is significantly smaller than the expected parallax because of the highly anisotropic source. In light of the results from Swaczyna et al., our results indicate that the IBEX ribbon source is spatially confined.
Assessment of the Quality of Life for Gynecologic Cancer Patients Using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (Fact-G) Questionnaire at Haji Adam Malik Hospital
Authors: Edianto Deri , Yaznil Muhammad Rizki , Chartyansari Ade Ayu , Effendi Iman Helmi
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, successful treatment of cancer is not only measured by 5-years survival rate, but also by the patient’s quality of life (QOL). Delayed in the seeking of cancer treatment resulted in high morbidity and impact on the quality of life.
AIM: This study aims to assess the QOL of patients with gynecologic cancer after therapy. The results of this research can be used as a basis for cancer treatment that should be holistic, not only to eradicate the disease, but also improve QOL.
METHODS: A total of 47 respondents who went to the Department of Oncology, Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan from May to October 2015 were asked to fill out the FACT-G questionnaire for the QOL assessment. The patient’s personal and disease data was taken from the medical records. The data were analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA test.
RESULTS: The results showed that the physical, social, emotional and functional of cancer patients were not much different based on the variables studied. The QOL was higher in patients with endometrial cancer compared with other types of cancer. The QOL was also higher in patients who had completed treatment (> 6 months) and early-stages cancer. There was no statistical difference between the QOL of patients with gynecologic cancer based on therapeutic modalities, duration of treatment and the stage of disease (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This current study found the QOL, physical, and emotional complaints are still encountered.
L’étudiant dyslexique présente-t-il encore des difficultés de production textuelle à l’écrit ?
Authors: Mazur Palandre Audrey
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, les analyses d’une étude sur la production textuelle des étudiants dyslexiques sont présentées. Les productions écrites d’étudiants dyslexiques (âge moyen : 21,7) et contrôles (âge moyen : 21,8) sont analysées afin de voir s’il existe des différences entre ces deux populations quant à la gestion de (1) l’orthographe et (2) de l’empaquetage syntaxique. En effet, lors d’analyses antérieures sur les mêmes populations, les étudiants dyslexiques se déclarent en difficultés lorsqu’il s’agit de rédiger un texte. Un bilan orthophonique et neuropsychologique, qui a été fait passer à cette même population avant les tâches de production textuelle, confirme que les étudiants dyslexiques ont encore des difficultés avec l’orthographe, la lecture et qu’ils présentent un fonctionnement attentionnel atypique. Pour cette présente étude, il a été demandé aux étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles de produire un texte narratif et un texte expositif à l’écrit et à l’oral. Les versions écrites, qui ont été collectées via le logiciel Eye and Pen©, ont été codées dans CLAN. Les résultats révèlent que, si les étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles font les mêmes types d’erreurs et encodent leur message par le biais de structures syntaxiques similaires, les étudiants dyslexiques font significativement plus d’erreurs que les contrôles, que ce soit concernant l’orthographe lexicale et grammaticale ou dans les structures syntaxiques elles-mêmes.
L’engagement social du bébé bilingue en situation de diglossie à la Martinique : effet du statut des langues
Authors: Augier Mylène , Gratier Maya
Published: July 2019

Cet article compare l’engagement social de bébés âgés de 2 à 5 mois lorsque leur mère leur chante une chanson en français et en créole en milieu naturel à la Martinique. L’hypothèse émise est qu’ils manifesteront un engagement social plus important lorsque leur mère chante en français plutôt qu’en créole. Cette hypothèse découle du constat d’une situation diglossique en Martinique impliquant une valorisation de la langue française par rapport à la langue créole. L’engagement des bébés est mesuré avec deux méthodes complémentaires : la microanalyse filmique des comportements et l’évaluation de séquences vidéo par des visionneurs naïfs. La microanalyse montre que les bébés s’engagent autant dans les deux conditions mais que, dans le contexte créole, leur regard alterne plus souvent entre leur mère et ailleurs et qu’ils sont plus souvent balancés par leur mère au rythme de la chanson. L’analyse de l’évaluation des visionneurs naïfs montre que les bébés sont perçus comme étant plus engagés dans le contexte de chant en français. Notre étude suggère ainsi un lien entre la langue dans laquelle la mère chante et l’organisation de l’interaction mère-bébé plutôt qu’une manifestation évidente d’un biais linguistique précoce chez le bébé.
Décideurs et réseaux d’experts en France et en Allemagne fédérale : une coopération à l’épreuve de la chute de l’URSS
Authors: Hotte Loeïza
Published: July 2019

Les gouvernements européens ont été frappés de surprise devant l’effondrement du bloc soviétique. Face à ce constat étonnant au vu des signes avant-coureurs de la chute de l’empire, j’ai analysé dans mon mémoire de master sur lequel se fonde cet article, des études des Centres d’analyse et de prévision (CAP) de la France et de la RFA pour les années 1988-1990. Les membres de ces centres étaient des experts reconnus collaborant étroitement avec des chercheurs de leurs pays. Comme tous les CAP européens, les deux organes communiquaient régulièrement entre eux. Les échanges de vues étaient également mondialisés. Comment expliquer malgré cela l’effet de surprise qui a frappé les gouvernements européens et en particulier le gouvernement français ?
Expérimenter sur l’animal ?
Authors: Larrère Raphaël
Published: July 2019

L’expérimentation sur ces êtres sensibles que sont les animaux est‑elle « un mal nécessaire » ? En quoi et jusqu’à quel point est‑il vraiment nécessaire ? Cette expérimentation soulève des questions épistémologiques qui ne font pas consensus parmi les scientifiques et des perspectives non négligeables de méthodes substitutives méritent évaluation. Dans ce qui oppose aux autres les biologistes qui critiquent l’expérimentation animale, il faut voir un enjeu scientifique, et non un conflit entre des humanistes et des anti-humanistes. Il s’agit de savoir si l’on prend moins de risques en pratiquant des tests et des expertises sur des cultures de cellules humaines, et plus encore sur des organoïdes, plutôt que sur des modèles animaux.
Bestia Fecit. Prolégomènes à une techno-esthétique animale
Authors: Duhem Ludovic
Published: July 2019

Comment penser la « culture animale » et plus encore la possibilité d’un « art non humain » hors des préjugés anthropocentriste et ethnocentriste hérités de l’histoire occidentale de la philosophie ? Les enjeux multiples de cette question peuvent s’éclairer par les positions philosophiques de Simondon. Cette démarche ne va pas sans difficultés : non systématisée, parcourue de tensions internes, voire d’incompatibilités, une pensée simondonienne de la culture animale devra être inventive pour rendre cohérentes les théories de l’individuation, de l’imagination et de la technique à travers une « techno-esthétique » généralisée rendant compte de la richesse et de la pluralité des cultures au sein du vivant.
Prospective Comparison of Clinical Performance and Subjective Outcomes Between Two Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lenses in Bilateral Cataract Surgery
Authors: Ferreira Tiago B. , Ribeiro Filomena J.
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

To compare clinical outcomes and subjective experience after bilateral implantation of two non-toric diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:

In a prospective, comparative case series, patients were randomly allocated to receive bilateral implantation of either the preloaded RayOne Trifocal (Rayner, Worthing, UK) or the FineVision POD F (PhysIOL, Liège, Belgium). At the 3-month follow-up, the main outcomes were monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected distance (UDVA, CDVA), intermediate at 80 cm (UIVA, DCIVA), and near at 40 cm (UNVA, DCNVA) visual acuities, refractive outcomes, and defocus curves. Patients' satisfaction in terms of visual disturbance was also evaluated.

RESULTS:

Each group comprised 30 eyes (15 patients). The mean monocular UDVA was 0.03 ± 0.11 (RayOne Trifocal) and 0.04 ± 0.08 (FineVision POD F) logMAR (
P
= .605); DCIVA was 0.05 ± 0.13 and 0.05 ± 0.10 logMAR, respectively (
P
> .999); and DCNVA was 0.02 ± 0.12 and 0.03 ± 0.11 logMAR (
P
= .742). A better manifest spherical equivalent was found in the RayOne Trifocal than in the FineVision POD F group (
P
= .035) and depth perception issues were less severe with the RayOne Trifocal IOL (
P
= .042). There was no significant difference in other photic phenomena between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both IOLs provided good visual outcomes at all distances with no differences between the groups. Refractive accuracy was better for the RayOne Trifocal IOL. The results indicated that the new trifocal IOL may represent a safe and effective option for presbyopic patients.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(7):418–425.]
Initial Clinical Outcomes of a New Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Teenan David , Venter Jan A. , Hannan Stephen J. , Schallhorn Julie M.
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE:

To evaluate clinical and patient-reported outcomes of a new extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:

Data of patients treated between September 2017 and September 2018 who underwent a refractive lens exchange/cataract surgery with an implantation of the AT LARA 829MP IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and attended the 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up visit were reviewed.

RESULTS:

At 3 months, the percentage of eyes within ±0.50 diopters (D) of emmetropia was 86.7%. The mean binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was −0.05 ± 0.09 logMAR and the mean binocular unaided near vision was 0.26 ± 0.14 logMAR. Of all patients, 90.3% were satisfied with their vision. The percentage of patients spectacle-free for near and distance vision was 83.6% and 95.4%, respectively. On a scale from 1 (no difficulty) to 7 (severe difficulty), there was an average 1.2 to 1.4 units increase in glare, halo, and starburst between the preoperative and 1-month visit, and a decrease of 0.2 to 0.3 units between the 1- and 3-month visit.

CONCLUSIONS:

The new extended depth of focus IOL provided reasonable unaided near and distance vision, as well as spectacle independence and patient satisfaction. Some optical side effects were reported in the early postoperative period.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(7):426–433.]
Hypogenic Caves in Provence (France).
Authors: Audra Philippe , Bigot Jean-Yves , Mocochain Ludovic
Published: July 2019

Članek obravnava razvoj jam Adaouste in Champignons v francoski Provansi. Nove raziskave kažejo, da jami ni oblikovala meteorna voda, pač pa voda, ki je v arteških pogojih dotekala iz globin. V članku so obravnavane specifične jamske skalne oblike in sedimenti, ki podpirajo trditev o hipogenem razvoju jam.Two dry caves from French Provence (Adaouste and Champignons caves) were until now considered as »normal« caves having evolved under meteoric water flow conditions. A new approach gives evidence of a hypogenic origin from deep water uprising under artesian conditions. Specific morphologies and sediments associated with this hydrology are discussed.
Submarine Karst of Croatia - Evidence of Former Lower Sea Levels
Authors: Surić Maša
Published: July 2019

Med zadnjo, to je pleistocensko-holocensko transgresijo, je naraščajoča morska gladina zalila velike dele dinarskega krasa. Ker porečja rek na vzhodni jadranski obali sestavljajo pretežno karbonatne kamnine, te reke prenašajo le okoli 20 % sedimentov v obliki suspenza, vse ostalo pa kot raztopljeni tovor. Zaradi tega je pod morsko gladino še vedno mogoče ugotavljati značilne kraške oblike, kot so škraplje, vrtače, polja, jame in brezna, kot tudi rečne doline in soteske. Poleg teh preprostih potopljenih oblik so zaradi dvigajoče se gladine nastale tudi nove: podmorski izviri imenovani vrulje, zaslanjeni obalni izviri in morska jezera. Najpomembnejši dokazi o nekdanjem kopnem okolju so kapniki v potopljenih jamah in lehnjak v potopljenih nekdanjih rekah. Te oboje je mogoče uporabiti za ugotavljanje nekdanje niæje morske gladine.During the last, Late Pleistocene-Holocene transgression, rising sea flooded a vast part of the Dinaric karst. Due to prevalence of carbonate rocks in the drainage area of most of the rivers on Eastern Adriatic coast, those rivers carry only approximately 20% of particulates as suspended matter and the rest is dissolved. Consequently, many typical karst features such as karrens, dolines, poljes, caves, pits and river valleys and canyons as well, presently under the sea, can still be recognized. Beside these simply drowned features, some new ones were formed by the sea level rise. Those are submarine springs, so called vruljas, brackish coastal springs and marine lakes. The most significant evidences of former subaerial conditions are speleothems in submerged caves and calc tufa deposits of drowned paleo rivers. Both of them could be used for determination of the former low sea level stands.
Morphogenetical Karst Types of the Transylvanian Mountains (Mt. Apuseni
Authors: Móga János
Published: July 2019

V vseh Karpatih so kraški pojavi najbolje razviti v Transilvanskem gorovju (Apusenih), med Transilvansko kotlino in Veliko madžarsko ravnino. Ti pojavi so skladni z različno sestavo in različno kamninsko zgradbo ozemlja ter z različno naravo denudacijskih procesov. Avtor podaja pregled in morfogenetsko sistemizacijo tega najbolj zanimivega kraškega ozemlja.The most well developed karstic forms in the whole of the Carpathians emerged in the Transylvanian Mountains (Mt. Apuseni) situated between the Transylvanian basin and the Great Hungarian Plain. This phenomena correlates with the diversity of structure and rock formation, and to the multifold nature of denudation processes. My intention is to present a survey and morphogenetic systematization of the most interesting karstic regions.
A Little Contribution to the Karst Terminology: Special or Aberrant Cases of Poljes?
Authors: Nicod Jean
Published: July 2019

Običajna definicija kraškega polja je »velika zaprta kraška depresija z ravnim dnom, kraškim odtokom in strmimi pobočji«. Toda na dinarskem krasu je cela vrsta različnih kraških polj. V prispevku so navedeni glavni kriteriji za razvrščanje polj ter posebej poudarjeno vprašanje različne stopnje v razvoju kraškega polja. Vsebina je zbrana in povzeta v preglednici, ki obenem ponuja nove rešitve pri razvrščanju kraških polj ter podaja primerjavo med dinarskim krasom ter krasom v drugih sredozemskih in alpskih deželah.A usual definition of polje states that it is “great closed karst basin with flat bottom, karstic drainage and steep peripheral slopes”. But the Dinaric karst shows a wide range of poljes. The article discusses the main criteria of polje definition and the different degrees of evolution of the polje are emphasised. The essentials are gathered in the table with new tentatives on classification of poljes and comparing the Dinaric karst with other Mediterranean and Alpine countries.
Dolines and Sinkholes: Aspects of Evolution and Problems of Classification
Authors: Sauro Ugo
Published: July 2019

»Doline«, mednarodni izraz za vrtačo, je najbolj razširjena površinska oblika na krasu. Ime izhaja iz slovanske besede »dolina«, ki pomeni depresijo v topografskem površju. V skoraj 100 letih se je izraz razširil in danes ima v mednarodni literaturi dobro določen pomen. Zaradi tega ga ni mogoče zamenjati s kakim drugim izrazom, npr. »vrtača« ali "kraška dolina" kot predlagajo nekateri avtorji (Gams 1973, 1974). Uporaba izraza »sinkhole« kot sinonima za »doline« v ameriški literaturi vodi včasih do podvajanj, saj se izraz »sinkhole« uporablja predvsem za udorno ali pokrito vrtačo. Na podlagi podrobnega preučevanja vrtač na različnih kraških ozemljih je mogoče trditi, da je vrtača lahko tako po strukturi kot po nastanku, kompleksna oblika (Sauro in print, a in b). Vrtačo lahko najpravilneje opredelimo tako, da dodamo pridevnik, ki pojasnjuje posebnosti. Najpomembnejši pridevniki so tisti, ki so vezani tako na morfogenetske mehanizme kot na hidrološke posebnosti. Na podlagi teh pridevnikov je mogoče razlikovati več kategorij in tipov vrtač. Za razumevanje vrtače je najbolj pomembna rekonstrukcija njenega razvoja, pa četudi je ta kompleksen.The doline is the most representative landform of the karst surface. The name derives from the word dolina, a Slav term indicating any depression in the topographical surface. For nearly a century, this name acquired widespread use and a well defined meaning in the international literature; as a result it is not possible to substitute it with another term such as “vrtača” or “kraška dolina”, for example, as proposed by some authors (Gams, 1973, 1974). The use of sinkhole as a synonym for doline in the American literature has also created some ambiguity, because sinkhole is mostly applied in the sense of collapse doline or of cover doline. From the detailed studies of the dolines of different karst areas, it is possible to infer that the structure and the genesis of this form may be complex (Sauro, in press – a – and - b). The most correct way to define a doline is to add an adjective indicating a peculiar attribute. The most significant attributes are those linked to both the morphogenetical mechanism and the hydrological structure. On the basis of these attributes it is possible to distinguish several categories and types of dolines. Most importantly to understand a doline it is necessary to be able to reconstruct its history even if that may be complex, as some dolines formed by specific processes may later further evolve through different processes.
The Use of Structural Geological Terms and their Importance for Karst Caves
Authors: Šebela Stanka
Published: July 2019

Strukturno geološke raziskave na kraških terenih zajemajo enake strukturno geološke izraze kot na drugih geoloških terenih. Ker pa imamo na krasu opravka s posebnimi geomorfološkimi izrazi, se nekateri strukturno geološki elementi, ki so na poseben način povezani z določenimi kraškimi oblikami, uporabljajo kot posebni termini, ki so različni od terminov v uporabi na nekraških terenih. Na slovenskem krasu lahko ločimo dva najpomembnejša strukturna elementa, ki sta pomembna za razvoj jamskih rovov, in sicer lezike in tektonske strukture. Med lezikami so za razvoj inicialnih rovov posebno ugodne tektonsko deformirane lezike. V najdaljših slovenskih jamah, kot so Postojnska, Predjama in Škocjanske jame so za razvoj rovov v inicialnih, kot tudi v starejših in mlajših obdobjih zelo ugodni medplastni zmiki, deformacije narivanja in gubanja ter tektonsko pretrte cone (razpoklinske, porušene in zdrobljene).Structural geological studies on karst areas operate with the same structural geological terms as on other geological regions. But because of special geomorphologic terms characterized for karst areas, some structural geological elements, which are in a special way connected with particular karst forms, are used as a special terms, different from those used on non-karstic areas. For Slovene karst we need to divide two most important structural elements that are important for development of cave passages, bedding planes and tectonic structures. And between bedding planes the ones that are tectonically disrupted are very favorable for development of initial cave passages. In the longest Slovene karst caves as Postojnska jama caves, Predjama and Škocjanske jame caves interbedded movements, thrusting and folding deformations, and tectonically broken zones (fissured, broken and crushed zones) are very favorable for initial, and also for older and younger stages of passage development.
Observations on Historical Terminology: Grotte and Höhle in German Texts
Authors: Mader Brigitta
Published: July 2019

Avtor govori o zgodovini terminologije za jame (Grotte, Höhle), ki so jo uporabljali nemško govoreči pisci in raziskovalci v avstrogrskem času, s posebnim poudarkom na etimologiji izrazov Grotte in Höhle. Sklene, da ni razlike med njima, ne s speleološkega in ne z jezikoslovnega vidika. Sočasna raba obeh izrazov v omenjenem obdobju je bila odvisna od jezikovnih okoliščin in vpliva italijanščine (dvojezično ali celo trojezično okolje) na klasičnem Krasu.The author treats the historical terminology for caves (Grotte, Höhle) used by German speaking authors and explorers in the Austro-Hungarian period with special emphasis on the etymology of the terms Grotte and Höhle, coming to the conclusion that those terms do not indicate a difference either from the speleological point of view or the linguistic one. The contemporary use of Grotte and Höhle in the Austro-Hungarian period is determined by linguistic conditions and influence of the Italian (bilingual or even trilingual situation) in the classical Karst region.
Comparison of French and Slovene Karstic and Speleological Terminology
Authors: Mrak Berta
Published: July 2019

Prispevek primerja kraško terminologijo dveh kraških velesil – Slovenije in Francije, katerih strokovnjaki že dolgo časa zgledno sodelujejo. Ob primerjanju kraških in speleoloških izrazov ene in druge terminologije se z etimološkega vidika pokažejo recipročni vplivi in nekatere zmote pri prevzemanju terminov, določene razlike pri poimenovanju oziroma odstopanja pri delitvi bolj specifičnih izrazov ter nekaj več podobnosti pri tipologiji bolj splošnih terminov. Primerjava govori tudi o razlikah v bogatosti besedišč in se zaključi s nekaterimi svojevrstnimi kraškimi pojavi v obeh državah.The article compares karstic terminology of the two world Karst forces – Slovenia and France, whose scientists have been collaborating for a very long time. From the etymological point of view, the comparison shows that the two vocabularies exerted mutual influence on each other, which in turn brought about several errors when new terms were being adapted. The article also describes some differences in terminology and deviations in the typology of more specific terms, as well as points out great similarity between general terms. The comparison also deals with different lexical abundance of the two terminologies, and concludes with a presentation of some karstic phenomena unique in both countries.