bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urine-derived cells provide a readily accessible cell type for feeder-free mRNA reprogramming
Authors: Gaignerie A. , Lefort N. , Rousselle M. , Forest-Choquet V. , Flippe L. , Francois–Campion V. , Girardeau A. , Caillaud A. , Chariau C. , Francheteau Q. , Derevier A. , Chaubron F. , Knöbel S. , Gaborit N. , Si-Tayeb K. , David L.
Published: September 2018

Over a decade after their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a major biological model. The iPSC technology allows generation of pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells bearing any genomic background. The challenge ahead of us is to translate human iPSCs (hiPSCs) protocols into clinical treatment. To do so, we need to improve the quality of hiPSCs produced. In this study we report the reprogramming of multiple patient urine-derived cell lines with mRNA reprogramming, which, to date, is one of the fastest and most faithful reprogramming method. We show that mRNA reprogramming efficiently generates hiPSCs from urine-derived cells. Moreover, we were able to generate feeder-free bulk hiPSCs lines that did not display genomic abnormalities. Altogether, this reprogramming method will contribute to accelerating the translation of hiPSCs to therapeutic applications.
The operational window of carbon nanotube electrical wires treated with strong acids and oxidants
Authors: Lepak-Kuc S. , Boncel S. , Szybowicz M. , Nowicka A. B. , Jozwik I. , Orlinski K. , Gizewski T. , Koziol K. , Jakubowska M. , Lekawa-Raus A.
Published: September 2018

Conventional metal wires suffer from a significant degradation or complete failure in their electrical performance, when subjected to harsh oxidizing environments, however wires constructed from Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been found to actually improve in their electrical performance when subjected to these environments. These opposing reactions may provide new and interesting applications for CNT wires. Yet, before attempting to move to any real-world harsh environment applications, for the CNT wires, it is essential that this area of their operation be thoroughly examined. To investigate this, CNT wires were treated with multiple combinations of the strongest acids and halogens. The wires were then subjected to conductivity measurements, current carrying capacity tests, as well as Raman, microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis to enable the identification of both the limits of oxidative conductivity boosting and the onset of physical damage to the wires. These experiments have led to two main conclusions. Firstly, that CNT wires may operate effectively in harsh oxidizing environments where metal wires would easily fail and secondly, that the highest conductivity increase of the CNT wires can be achieved through a process of annealing, acetone and HCl purification followed by either H2O2 and HClO4 or Br2 treatment.
Insights into gold nanoparticles as a mucoadhesive system
Authors: Ouellette Mathieu , Masse Florence , Lefebvre-Demers Mathilde , Maestracci Quentin , Grenier Philippe , Millar Robert , Bertrand Nicolas , Prieto Manuel , Boisselier Élodie
Published: September 2018

A large number of drugs are administered on different mucosal surfaces. However, due to the poor mucoadhesion of the current formulations, their bioavailability is often very low. The development of efficient mucoadhesive drug delivery systems is thus crucial for improving the performance of these drugs. The mucoadhesive properties of gold nanoparticles were investigated. First, two types of gold nanoparticles were synthesized: AuNP1 and AuNP2. AuNP1 only contain internal thiol groups on their metallic core, and AuNP2 contain both internal and peripheral thiol groups. Different protocols based on an adapted quantitative colorimetric method, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies were then developed to gather information on their mucoadhesive properties. Moreover, a global correction factor for the inner filter effect in spectrofluorimetry was proposed, and the data obtained were compared to those commonly used in the literature. Mucins deeply interact with AuNP1, perturbing their core, whereas they remain at the periphery of AuNP2. The quantitative method suggests that a larger number of mucins interact with AuNP2. The establishment of this protocol could be applied to assess the mucoadhesive properties of other stable molecules. This mucoadhesive property of gold nanoparticles could be combined with their drug delivery ability in order to improve the medication administered on mucosa.
Comparison of spectral and spatial denoising techniques in the context of High Definition FT-IR imaging hyperspectral data
Authors: Koziol Paulina , Raczkowska Magda K. , Skibinska Justyna , Urbaniak-Wasik Sławka , Paluszkiewicz Czesława , Kwiatek Wojciech , Wrobel Tomasz P.
Published: September 2018

The recent emergence of High Definition (HD) FT-IR and Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) Microscopes elevated the IR imaging field very close to clinical timescales. However, the speed of acquisition and data quality are still the critical factors in reaching the clinic. Denoising offers aide in both aspects if performed properly. However, there is a lack of a direct comparison of the efficiency of denoising techniques in IR imaging in general. To achieve such comparison within a rigorous framework and obtaining the critical information about signal loss, a simulated dataset strongly bound by experimental parameters was created. Using experimental structural and spectral information and experimental noise levels data as an input for the simulation, a direct comparison of spatial (Fourier transform, Mean Filter, Weighted Mean Filter, Gauss Filter, Median Filter, spatial Wavelets and Deep Neural Networks) and spectral (Savitzky-Golay, Fourier transform, Principal Component Analysis, Minimum Noise Fraction and spectral Wavelets) denoising schemes was enabled. All of these techniques were compared on the simulated dataset, taking into account SNR gain, signal distortion and sensitivity to tuning parameters as comparison metrics. Later, the best techniques were applied to experimental data for validation. The results presented here clearly show the benefit of using hyperspectral denoising schemes such as PCA and MNF which outperform other methods.
Synergetic effects of plastic mulching and nitrogen application rates on grain yield, nitrogen uptake and translocation of maize planted in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Xiukang , Wang Ning , Xing Yingying , BEN El CAID Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Nitrogen (N) fertilization potentially affects the amount of N uptake and N translocation (NT) within plants, but the synergetic effects of plastic mulching and N application rates on the grain yield (GY), N uptake and NT of maize have not been studied. A fertilization experiment with six N application rates (0, 80, 160, 240, 350 and 450 kg ha−1) with or without mulch was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in the Loess Plateau of China. There were significant interactions between mulch and the N fertilizer rate on the GY. Under mulch treatments, the highest GY was observed at 450 kg ha−1, which was 53.9%, 36.4%, 20.2%, 1.6% and 0.3% higher than those obtained with N application rates of 0, 80, 160, 240 and 350 kg ha−1, respectively, in 2015. The ranking of NT to grain N accumulation was leaves > sheaths and stems > ear axis > bracts. The NT efficiency (NTE) levels averaged over the different N fertilization rates under the no-mulch treatment were 5.6% and 12.9% higher than those under the plastic mulch treatment in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We conclude that an N fertilizer application rate of 240 kg ha−1 with mulch can achieve a relatively higher NTE, GY, WUE and NUE.
Design, synthesis, and applications of DNA–macrocyclic host conjugates
Authors: Zhou X. , Pathak P. , Jayawickramarajah J.
Published: September 2018

This review discusses the nascent field of DNA–host conjugates and their applications in advanced self-assemblies, nanostructures, and input-triggered switches.
Topology-dependent hydrocarbon transformations in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction studied by operando UV-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Signorile Matteo , Rojo-Gama Daniel , Bonino Francesca , Beato Pablo , Svelle Stian , Bordiga Silvia
Published: September 2018

Probing hydrocarbon transformations in MTH by operando UV-Raman spectroscopy.
Dynamics and kinetics of the reaction OH + H2S → H2O + SH on an accurate potential energy surface
Authors: Ping Leilei , Zhu Yongfa , Li Anyang , Song Hongwei , Li Yong , Yang Minghui
Published: September 2018

Mode specificity and product energy disposal are unveiled in the reaction OH + H2S → H2O + SH.
Correction: Promoting the oxygen reduction reaction with gold at step/edge sites of Ni@AuPt core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Hao , An Wei
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Promoting the oxygen reduction reaction with gold at step/edge sites of Ni@AuPt core–shell nanoparticles’ by Hao Wang et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017, 7, 596–606.
Exploring (bio)catalytic activities of structurally characterised Cu(ii) and Mn(iii) complexes: histidine recognition and photocatalytic application of Cu(ii) complex and derived CuO nano-cubes
Authors: Kumari Babli , Kundu Samapti , Ghosh Kajari , Banerjee Mahuya , Pradhan Swapan Kumar , Islam Sk. Manirul , Brandão Paula , Félix Vítor , Das Debasis
Published: September 2018

The multifunctional properties of two polymeric complexes of Cu(ii) and Mn(iii) have been evaluated.
Unveiling the role of choline chloride in furfural synthesis from highly concentrated feeds of xylose
Authors: Jiang S. , Verrier C. , Ahmar M. , Lai J. , Ma C. , Muller E. , Queneau Y. , Pera-Titus M. , Jérôme F. , De Oliveira Vigier K.
Published: September 2018

Choline chloride helps in converting highly concentrated feeds of xylose to furfural through the formation of a choline xyloside intermediate.
Micro flow injection ICP-MS analysis of high matrix samples: an investigation of its capability to measure trace elements in iron meteorites
Authors: Holdship Phil , Bonnand Pierre , Price David , Watson Paul
Published: September 2018

The coupling of a micro-flow injection sample introduction system to a highly versatile quadrupole ICP-MS (FI-ICP-MS) has been demonstrated to achieve accurate and precise trace element measurements for several iron meteorites.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of camphor-based 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazole derivatives as Orthopoxvirus-reproduction inhibitors
Authors: Sokolova Anastasiya S. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Bormotov Nikolay I. , Shishkina Larisa N. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F.
Published: September 2018

Camphor based heterocyclic systems containing 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazole rings showed promising antiviral activity towards Orthopoxviruses.
Ruthenium p-cymene complexes with α-diimine ligands as catalytic precursors for the transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone
Authors: Biancalana Lorenzo , Fulignati Sara , Antonetti Claudia , Zacchini Stefano , Provinciali Giacomo , Pampaloni Guido , Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria , Marchetti Fabio
Published: September 2018

Cationic Ru(ii) arene complexes with α-diimine ligands were investigated as catalytic precursors in the transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone from isopropanol under MW irradiation.
3D self-assembled VS4 microspheres with high pseudocapacitance as highly efficient anodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Li Wenbin , Huang Jianfeng , Feng Liangliang , Cao Liyun , He Shuwei
Published: September 2018

The decreasing crystallinity of VS4 microspheres greatly increases the surface active sites, and then promotes the pseudocapacitive behavior, and finally leads to the high capacity, long cycling life and high rate capability.
Arrays of highly complex noble metal nanostructures using nanoimprint lithography in combination with liquid-phase epitaxy
Authors: Menumerov Eredzhep , Golze Spencer D. , Hughes Robert A. , Neretina Svetlana
Published: September 2018

A nanofabrication strategy is presented for generating large-area arrays of metal nanostructures with an architectural complexity that rivals colloidal syntheses.
Chemoselective synthesis of isolated and fused fluorenones and their photophysical and antiviral properties
Authors: Althagafi Ismail , Shaw Ranjay , Tang Cheng-Run , Panwar Rahul , Shally Shally , Sinha Chanda , Kumar Amit , Zheng Yong-Tang , Pratap Ramendra
Published: September 2018

Metal-free substituent dependent synthesis of fluorescent fluorenones was reported.
Atom-economic synthesis of cyclobuta[a]naphthalen-4-ols via a base-promoted [2 + 2] cycloaddition/1,6-nucleophilic addition cascade
Authors: Wang Jia-Yin , Xie Feng-Lie , Hu Jian-Qiang , Yang Shi-Zhao , Wang You-Jian , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2018

An atom-economic [2 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of yne-allenones with C-nucleophiles has been established, enabling the direct generation of functionalized cyclobuta[a]naphthalen-4-ols with generally good yields.
Metal-free visible-light synthesis of quaternary α-perfluoroalkyl aldehydes via an enamine intermediate
Authors: Matsui Haruna , Murase Mao , Yajima Tomoko
Published: September 2018

Visible-light induced perfluoroalkylation of the α-position of aldehydes via enamines.
Total membrane lipid assay (MLA): simple and practical quantification of exosomes based on efficient membrane-specific dyes unaffected by proteins
Authors: Li Ning , Huang Zhenlong , Ye Zhiwei , Zhang Xinfu , Chen Lingcheng , Xiao Yi
Published: September 2018

MLA uses two fluorescent dyes for ratiometric determination of exosomes' membrane lipids.
Base-promoted C–C bond cleavage for the synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles from N-propargyl β-enaminones
Authors: Ge Bailu , Lv Weiwei , Yu Jia , Xiao Shangyun , Cheng Guolin
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles via base-promoted C–C bond cleavage reaction of N-propargyl β-enaminones is reported.
Adsorption of methylene blue and tetracycline onto biomass-based material prepared by sulfuric acid reflux
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Saenz-Arana Ricardo , Hernandez Cesar , Guinto Thomas , Ahsan Md Ariful , Kim Hoejin , Lin Yirong , Alvarado-Tenorio Bonifacio , Noveron Juan C.
Published: September 2018

Facile conversion of pine cones into a high-capacity adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and tetracycline from water.
Implementation of a dynamic intestinal gut-on-a-chip barrier model for transport studies of lipophilic dioxin congeners
Authors: Kulthong Kornphimol , Duivenvoorde Loes , Mizera Barbara Z. , Rijkers Deborah , Dam Guillaume ten , Oegema Gerlof , Puzyn Tomasz , Bouwmeester Hans , van der Zande Meike
Published: September 2018

Novel microfluidic technologies allow the manufacture ofin vitroorgan-on-a-chip systems that hold great promise to adequately recapitulate the biophysical and functional complexity of organs foundin vivo.
Phosphorus pentoxide/metal chloride mediated efficient and facile catalytic conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Jia Songyan , He Xinjun , Ma Jiao , Xu Zhanwei , Wang Kangjun , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: September 2018

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)/metal chloride could significantly catalyze the efficient and facile conversion of fructose into 5-HMF under mild conditions.
Productive features of problem solving in chemical kinetics: more than just algorithmic manipulation of variables
Authors: Rodriguez Jon-Marc G. , Bain Kinsey , Hux Nicholas P. , Towns Marcy H.
Published: September 2018

Problem solving is a critical feature of highly quantitative physical science topics, such as chemical kinetics. In order to solve a problem, students must cue into relevant features, ignore irrelevant features, and choose among potential problem-solving approaches. However, what is considered appropriate or productive for problem solving is highly context-dependent. This study is part of a larger project centered on students’ integration of chemistry and mathematics knowledge and skills. The data for this study came from semi-structured interviews with 40 general chemistry students using a think-aloud protocol. Interview prompts involved students working through two chemical kinetics problems, one involving a second-order system and one involving a zero-order system. In both cases, students could solve the problem using the data provided and relevant equations, or by taking a conceptual approach and considering the relationship between quantities. Using the resource-based model of cognition as our theoretical framework, analysis focused on characterizing the productive and unproductive problem-solving routes used by students. Findings emphasize the role of using conceptual reasoning and reflecting on one's work during problem solving, which have implications for instructors as they guide students to think about chemical kinetics and to solve problems across quantitative topics in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Realization of high-power-efficiency white electroluminescence from a single polymer by energy-level engineering
Authors: Shao Shiyang , Wang Shumeng , Xu Xiushang , Yang Yun , Lv Jianhong , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong
Published: September 2018

Single white light-emitting polymers with a record power efficiency of 52.1 lm W−1 are realized by energy-level engineering of poly(arylene phosphine oxide)-based phosphorescent polymers.
Improvements in printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells via thinner spacer layers
Authors: Wang Qifei , Liu Shuang , Ming Yue , Guan Yanjun , Li Daiyu , Zhang Congcong , Wang Zhaokui , Rong Yaoguang , Hu Yue , Han Hongwei
Published: September 2018

We provide a universal solution to enhance VOC in printable mesoscopic PSCs with thin mp-ZrO2 layers.
Meniscus instabilities in thin elastic layers
Authors: Biggins John S. , Mahadevan L.
Published: September 2018

We construct a general theory of meniscus fingering instabilities in thin elastic layers confined between much stiffer bodies, and consider particular examples including fingering when opening an elastic wedge.
Anthocephalus cadamba shaped FeNi encapsulated carbon nanostructures for metal–air batteries as a resilient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst
Authors: Nandan Ravi , Gautam Ajay , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: September 2018

A facile strategy is developed for mimicking Anthocephalus cadamba on the nanoscale to produce FeNi encapsulated in radially grown spatially separated NCNTs for excellent bifunctional oxygen electrochemistry.
High-performance Na ion cathodes based on the ubiquitous and reversible O redox reaction
Authors: Assadi M. Hussein N. , Fronzi Marco , Ford Mike , Shigeta Yasuteru
Published: September 2018

We identified high capacity, high voltage and low-strain Na cathode materials that rely on the reversible oxygen redox reaction.
The chemical forces underlying octahedral tilting in halide perovskites
Authors: Butler Keith T.
Published: September 2018

Perovskites (ABX3) display a wide range of chemical and structural heterogeniety, which has led to them being one of the most used and studied crystal structures.
Angiopoetin-like 4 in sickle cell retinopathy
Authors: Leitão Guerra Ricardo Luz , Bastos Mariana Gouveia , Salles Cristina
Published: September 2018

This correspondence provides a comment on the recent review article by Yang et al. [Biosci. Rep. (2018) 38, BSR20180557, https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180557]
Dictionary‐induced least squares framework for multi‐view dimensionality reduction with multi‐manifold embeddings
Authors: Apasiba Abeo Timothy , Shen Xiang‐Jun , Gou Jian‐Ping , Mao Qi‐Rong , Bao Bing‐Kun , Li Shuying
Published: September 2018

This study proposes a novel dimensionality reduction (DR) method for multi‐view datasets. The principal component analysis (PCA) idea of minimising least squares reconstruction errors is extended to consider both data distribution and penalty weights called dictionary to recover outliers free global structures from missing and noisy data points. In this way, PCA is viewed as a special instance of the authors’ proposed dictionary induced least squares framework (DLS). Furthermore, to appropriately handle multi‐view DR, we combine the DLS with multiple manifold embeddings (DLSME). Therefore it can obtain lower projections while maintaining a balance between preserving global structures with DLS and local structures with multi‐manifold embeddings. Extensive experiments on object and face recognition datasets verify that the DLS achieves better classification results with lower dimensional projections than PCA. Also, on many multi‐view datasets of visual recognition and web image annotation, the DLSME method demonstrates more effectiveness than Graph‐Laplacian PCA (gLPCA), robust PCA‐optimal mean, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), bilinear models (BLM), neighbourhood preserving embedding, locality preserving projections, and locality sensitive discriminant analysis.
Fast evaluation of lightning‐induced voltages of overhead line and buried cable considering the lossy ground
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Tao , Ge Yumin
Published: September 2018

In this study, an efficient method for the evaluation of lightning‐induced voltages on a single‐conductor overhead line and a single‐core buried cable is proposed. In this method, the numerical evaluation of the temporal convolution due to the lossy ground is simplified by a full consideration of the inherent relation between the frequency‐dependent ground impedance per‐unit‐length (p.u.l.) and admittance p.u.l., based on which, the evaluation of the lightning‐induced voltages on an overhead line or buried cable system can be implemented in an efficient way. To further improve the efficiency, the frequency‐domain method of evaluation of the lightning horizontal electric fields above or below the ground surface is modified by dividing the lightning channel base current into high‐frequency and low‐frequency components. Some numerical examples are conducted under MATLAB platform to validate the proposed method and the efficiency is discussed.
Dust cleansing of star-forming gas
Authors: Gustafsson Bengt
Published: September 2018

Aims. The possibility that the chemical composition of the solar atmosphere has been affected by radiative dust cleansing of late and weak accretion flows by the proto-sun itself is explored.

Methods. Estimates, using semi-analytical methods and numerical simulations of the motion of dust grains in a collapsing non-magnetic and non-rotating gas sphere with a central light source are made in order to model possible dust-cleansing effects.

Results. Our calculations indicate that the amount of cleansed material may well be consistent with the abundance differences observed for the Sun when compared with solar-like stars and with the relations found between these differences and the condensation temperature of the element.

Conclusions. It seems quite possible that the proposed mechanism produced the significant abundance effects observed for the Sun, provided that late and relatively weak accretion did occur. The effects of cleansing may, however, be affected by outflows from the Sun, the existence and dynamics of magnetic fields and of the accretion disk, and the possible presence and location of the early Sun in a rich stellar cluster.
Pulsation properties of ultra-massive DA white dwarf stars with ONe cores
Authors: De Gerónimo Francisco C. , Córsico Alejandro H. , Althaus Leandro G. , Wachlin Felipe C. , Camisassa María E.
Published: September 2018

Context. Ultra-massive hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars are expected to harbor oxygen/neon cores resulting from the progenitor evolution through the super-asymptotic giant branch phase. As evolution proceeds during the white dwarf cooling phase, a crystallization process resulting from Coulomb interactions in very dense plasmas is expected to occur, leading to the formation of a highly crystallized core. In particular, pulsating ultra-massive white dwarfs offer a unique opportunity to infer and test the occurrence of crystallization in white dwarf interiors as well as physical processes related with dense plasmas.

Aims. We aim to assess the adiabatic pulsation properties of ultra-massive hydrogen-rich white dwarfs with oxygen/neon cores.

Methods. We studied the pulsation properties of ultra-massive hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars with oxygen/neon cores. We employed a new set of ultra-massive white dwarf evolutionary sequences of models with stellar masses in the range 1.10 ≤ M⋆/M⊙ ≤ 1.29 computed by taking into account the complete evolution of the progenitor stars and the white dwarf stage. During the white dwarf cooling phase, we considered element diffusion. When crystallization set on in our models, we took into account latent heat release and also the expected changes in the core chemical composition that are due to phase separation according to a phase diagram suitable for oxygen and neon plasmas. We computed nonradial pulsation g-modes of our sequences of models at the ZZ Ceti phase by taking into account a solid core. We explored the impact of crystallization on their pulsation properties, in particular, the structure of the period spectrum and the distribution of the period spacings.

Results. We find that it would be possible, in principle, to discern whether a white dwarf has a nucleus made of carbon and oxygen or a nucleus of oxygen and neon by studying the spacing between periods.

Conclusions. The features found in the period-spacing diagrams could be used as a seismological tool to discern the core composition of ultra-massive ZZ Ceti stars, this should be complemented with detailed asteroseismic analysis using the individual observed periods.
A LOFAR study of non-merging massive galaxy clusters
Authors: Savini F. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Rafferty D. , Shimwell T. , Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , Intema H. , Wilber A. , Cassano R. , Vazza F. , van Weeren R. , Cuciti V. , De Gasperin F. , Röttgering H. , Sommer M. , Bîrzan L. , Drabent A.
Published: September 2018

Centrally located diffuse radio emission has been observed in both merging and non-merging galaxy clusters. Depending on their morphology and size, we distinguish between giant radio haloes, which occur predominantly in merging clusters, and mini haloes, which are found in non-merging, cool-core clusters. In recent years, cluster-scale radio emission has also been observed in clusters with no sign of major mergers, showing that our knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to particle acceleration in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is still incomplete. Low-frequency sensitive observations are required to assess whether the emission discovered in these few cases is common in galaxy clusters or not. With this aim, we carried out a campaign of observations with the LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) in the frequency range 120–168 MHz of nine massive clusters selected from the Planck SZ catalogue, which had no sign of major mergers. In this paper, we discuss the results of the observations that have led to the largest cluster sample studied within the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey, and we present Chandra X-ray data used to investigate the dynamical state of the clusters, verifying that the clusters are currently not undergoing major mergers, and to search for traces of minor or off-axis mergers. We discover large-scale steep-spectrum emission around mini haloes in the cool-core clusters PSZ1G139.61+24 and RXJ1720.1+2638, which is not observed around the mini halo in the non-cool-core cluster A1413. We also discover a new 570 kpc-halo in the non-cool-core cluster RXCJ0142.0+2131. We derived new upper limits to the radio power for clusters in which no diffuse radio emission was found, and we discuss the implication of our results to constrain the cosmic-ray energy budget in the ICM. We conclude that radio emission in non-merging massive clusters is not common at the sensitivity level reached by our observations and that no clear connection with the cluster dynamical state is observed. Our results might indicate that the sloshing of a dense cool core could trigger particle acceleration on larger scales and generate steep-spectrum radio emission.
Study on the Treatment Timing of Large Deformation of the Tunnel in Swelling Rock
Authors: Yang Zhongmin , Gao Yongtao , Cheng Ziqiao , Cong Zijie
Published: September 2018

When large deformation of the tunnel occurred in the swelling rock, the large deformation treatment will not only greatly delay the construction time, but also lead to instability or even collapse of the tunnel. Selecting the reasonable timing for large deformation initial support replacement can solve this problem effectively. Based on the LiRang tunnel, the deformation and stress of the tunnel in anhydrite were analysed by FLAC software after excavation. Then replace the deformed first liner at different vault settlement value. The displacement and stress of surrounding rock were analysed when the model reaches equilibrium state again. The results showed that stress concentration at the arch wall and arch foot of the tunnel, and the stress release at the vault and invert is very large after excavation. If the large deformation was treatment when the crown settlement of the tunnel reaches 90% ~95% of the final predicted settlement value, the tunnel deformation and the final stress state could be in a small value. This study can provide a reference for the treatment of large deformation in the swelling rock tunnel.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Earthquake Hazard for Underground Electric Facility Lines in Pohang City based on ArcGIS
Authors: Kim Young S. , Tran Thien Q. , Do Tan M. , Park Inn J. , Hwang Kyeong M.
Published: September 2018

Pohang, a big city of Gyeongbuk province, South Korea, is developing rapidly in every aspect, containing many important infrastructures such as seaports, industrial factories, commercial centers, and underground electric facility systems that play an integral part in the contribution of electricity stemming from nuclear power plants. The main purpose of this research is a preliminary assessment of the earthquake hazard for underground electric facility lines (UEFL) located beneath Pohang city by using ArcGIS program. About 1000 drilling boreholes were collected as a database. All of the data were processed by filtering with respect to the depths, then the SPT-N values of unknown points were estimated by interpolation. Four interpolation methods (e.g., Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Kriging, Natural Neighbor, and Spline) were evaluated to find the method which gives the best representation of the SPT-N value for unknown points. The IDW method was finally selected. Afterwards, the border surface between soft- and hard-soil layers, the ground rock zonation map, the dramatic change of soil condition, and the depth of structure were determined as important scales to evaluate primarily whether the structures might be in danger or not when an earthquake occurs. In this way, proposed method can be applied to whole South Korea with over 100,000 available borehole data.
Evaluation of Experts’ Preferences for Selection of Suitable Industrialized Building Systems
Authors: Daget Yidnekachew , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2018

Experts’ preferences for building material selection are a largely under-explored part of a material research. This study evaluates the experts’ preferences to identify the suitable industrialized building system for application in Addis Ababa. Ten industrialized building systems were considered as alternatives for comparison. These systems have been used in a housing development in different parts of the world. A relevant literature review and contextual analysis were conducted. An analytical hierarchy process and an Expert Choice Comparion platform were employed as a research technique and tool to evaluate the professionals’ level of preferences with regard to the housing systems. The findings revealed the most important preferential attributes and the suitable industrialized building systems for an application in housing development. The decision criteria and the experts’ preferential method used in this study can help decision-makers and housing developers in developing countries make effective evaluations and decisions.
Three-Dimension Random Aggregate Generation of Numerical Concrete Model
Authors: Ding Jianxin , Yang Qingzhou
Published: September 2018

The aggregate generation of concrete is one of the important problems in concrete mesoscopic mechanics. Firstly, the mesoscopic numerical model with spherical aggregates is obtained by the method of excluding the occupied space, and fully-graded concrete model of high aggregate content can be quickly generated. Then, based on the spherical aggregate model, the generation method of random convex polyhedral aggregates is proposed. Finally, a full-graded concrete model with spherical aggregates is shown in Case 1 and a cylindrical concrete model with random convex polyhedral aggregates is shown in Case 2. The result shows that the aggregates are equally distributed in the concrete models which can be used in the study of mesoscopic numerical calculation.
Effect of Bonding Temperature on Microstructure Evolution during TLP Bonding of a Ni3Al based Superalloy IC10
Authors: Yue Xiong , Liu Fengmei , Chen Hexing , Wan Di , Qin Hongbo
Published: September 2018

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ni3Al-based superalloy IC10 was carried out using the interlayer based on the base metal which added B and Hf as the melting point depressant elements. The effect of bonding temperature (1250 – 1270 °C) on the microstructure evolution of bonding joints were investigated. Microstructure of bonding joint composed of isothermally solidification zone (ISZ) formed γ’ phase and athermally solidified zone (ASZ) which consists of newly formed γ+γ’ reticular eutectic among with borides and carbides. Boride precipitates are not formed in diffusion affected zone (DAZ) and the boundary between ASZ and ISZ become not obvious. Isothermally solidification rate decreases as the increase of the bonding temperature.
Effect of Time and Temperature on the Aging of 791-H SBS Modifier
Authors: Magloire Ndjegwes Christian , Bouraima Mouhamed Bayane , Zhang Xiao-hua , Bitolog Martin , Qiu Yanjun
Published: September 2018

The effects of time and temperature level on the aging of the 791-H SBS modifier have been investigated through experimental study. A series of Thin Film Oven (TFO) Test was conducted at the temperature of 100°C and 163°C and time of 1, 2, 5 and 10h. The changes in the chemical composition due to oxidative aging are detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test. The results show that the visual observation of SBS after aging within 10h is almost unchanged when the aging temperature is 100°C. At 163°C within 1-2h aging, the SBS particles gradually softened and become slightly bonded to each other; at the same temperature after 5h of aging, the particles of SBS became yellow. The result from FTIR test shows that temperature is an important factor in the aging of SBS modifier and its effect on the aging of SBS modifier is much greater than that of aging time.
Application of Thermal Images for Determining the Vegetation Coverage Ratio at Free-Frame Shotcrete Grid Beam Protected Slope
Authors: Chen Chien-Yuan , Jiang Zheng-Sheng
Published: September 2018

In this study, infrared thermography was used to determine the vegetation coverage ratio (VCR) at a free-frame shotcrete grid beam-protected slope. An infrared thermal imager can detect the changes in surface radiation temperature on naked and vegetation-covered slope areas. Regional temperature analysis was performed through thermography, and the average temperature derived from the captured thermal images was used as the index for the vegetation area; the VCR was also evaluated. This method can be used in engineering practice after construction to reduce the errors in subjective visual judgment and can also serve as an effective and scientific evaluation methodology. A long-distance noncontact detection method for VCR evaluation can increase the engineering applicability of the proposed method after construction.
Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Wang X M , Xiong J L , Xie J Z
Published: September 2018

The developments of scientific technology are inseparable from various measurement methods. Measurement uncertainty is an indication that evaluates the credibility of the measurement results directly, and it affects the development of technology and economy indirectly. Monte Carlo method (MCM) is an effective method to evaluate the measurement uncertainty, because it can evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the complex model and environment. The application range of MCM is large than the traditional method that recommended in the “Guide to the Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)”. Based on the study of Monte Carlo method, this paper establishes a model for MCM to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement. Finally, as an example, we use the MCM to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the six-and-a-half digital multimeter (DMM), which verifies the validity of MCM for evaluating the measurement uncertainty.
Le virus Usutu : la menace fantôme
Authors: Clé Marion , Salinas Sara , Lecollinet Sylvie , Beck Cécile , Gutierrez Serafin , Baldet Thierry , Vande Perre Philippe , Foulongne Vincent , Simonin Yannick
Published: September 2018

Le virus Usutu, un arbovirus découvert en 1959 en Afrique, s’est propagé au cours des vingt dernières années sur une grande partie du continent européen provoquant notamment des mortalités aviaires importantes, comme cela est rapporté en France depuis 2015. Le risque zoonotique associé à cette succession d’épizooties aviaires en Europe mérite d’être considéré, même si à ce jour les cas humains restent exceptionnels. L’infection humaine est le plus souvent asymptomatique, ou d’une expression clinique bénigne. Toutefois, des complications neurologiques telles qu’encéphalites ou méningoencéphalites ont été décrites. L’observation récente en France d’un cas atypique de paralysie facialea frigoresuggère que le spectre clinique des infections dues au virus Usutu n’est pas complétement connu. L’histoire récente de flambées épidémiques d’autres arboviroses invite ainsi la communauté scientifique à la plus grande vigilance. Les connaissances concernant la physiopathologie de ce virus émergent sont, pour l’heure, très sommaires. Les travaux en cours visent donc à mieux appréhender sa biologie et les mécanismes associés aux atteintes neurologiques.
De HGP-write aux « super-cellules »
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: September 2018

The HGP-write project, announced in 2016 but not really implemented yet, comes back as a project aimed at constructing an “ultra-safe” human cell line fully resistant to virus infection and with other desirable characteristics. This involves introducing 400,000 changes in the genome and raises a number of technical and financial issues, but may become realistic in mid-term.
An experimental research on the machinability of a high temperature titanium alloy BTi-6431S in turning process
Authors: Gao Yanfeng , Wu Yongbo , Xiao Jianhua , Lu Dong
Published: September 2018

Titanium alloys are extensively applied in the aircraft manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. At present, the α + β alloy Ti6Al4V is the most commonly used titanium alloy in the industry. However, the highest temperature that it can be used only up to 300 °C. BTi-6431S is one of the latest developed high temperature titanium alloys, which belongs to the near-α alloy group and has considerably high tensile strength at 650 °C. This paper investigates the machinability of BTi-6431S in the terms of cutting forces, chip formation and tool wear. The experiments are carried out in a range of cutting parameters and the results had been investigated and analyzed. The investigation shows that: (1) the specific cutting forces in the machining of BTi-6431S alloy are higher than in the machining of Ti6Al4V alloy; (2) the regular saw-tooth chips more easily formed and the shear bands are narrower in the machining of BTi-6431S; (3) SEM and EDS observations of the worn tools indicate that more cobalt elements diffuse into the workpiece from tool inserts during machining of BTi-6431S alloy, which significantly aggravates tool wear rate. The experimental results indicate that the machinability of BTi-6431S near alpha titanium alloy is significantly lower than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Grundlagen der medikamentösen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Schüning Julia , Schwarzer Andreas
Published: September 2018

Many chronic diseases or their consequences are associated with pain. Furthermore, the pain itself can become the disease. Pharmaceuticals are an important component in the treatment of pain. This article presents different analgesic drugs, their mode of action, indications, dosage and adverse drug reactions.
Therapierefraktäre Schmerzen
Authors: Keßler Jens , Geist Marcus , Bardenheuer Hubert
Published: September 2018

Pain therapy concepts should be based on a biopsychosocial model. A prerequisite for adequate pain therapy is the detailed medical history. The questions about the intensity of pain and especially about the quality of pain are crucial for the selection of drug therapy. In addition to the questioning, targeted physical examination is essential. This should be repeated in case of therapy-refractory pain in the course. The transfer of clinically relevant knowledge about the emergence and the development of pain occurs in the new cross-sectional area ​​14 “pain medicine” and has been anchored in the licensing regulations. Treatment-refractory pain, despite adequate pharmacological therapy, may be the result of individual metabolism. For tumor-related pain, opioid rotation is a suitable symptom control procedure. To avoid treatment-refractory pain peaks, the medication for the need for basic medication should be adjusted in the dose. Non-drug treatment should be targeted for treatment-refractory pain to promote patient’s ownership. Physiotherapeutic measures have the goal of increasing the self-efficacy of pain and regaining confidence in one’s own bodily functions.
Wie handhaben Ärzte ihre eigene Darmkrebsvorsorge und was empfehlen sie ihren Patienten?
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Al-Taie Oliver
Published: September 2018

Einleitung Darmkrebsvorsorge senkt Inzidenz und Sterblichkeit des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Die Teilnehmerraten in Deutschland sind immer noch vergleichsweise gering. Die Handhabung der eigenen Darmkrebsvorsorge gibt Hinweise darauf, wie Ärzte den Nutzen dieser Maßnahme sehen und was sie demzufolge ihren Patienten empfehlen.

Methode Alle bei der KV Unterfranken registrierten 450 niedergelassenen Allgemeinärzte und Internisten im Alter von über 50 Jahren wurden angeschrieben. Sie erhielten einen Fragebogen zu persönlichen Daten, ihrer eigenen Darmkrebsvorsorge und zu ihrer Einstellung in diesem Thema gegenüber ihren Patienten.

Ergebnisse Auf der Basis von 237 erhaltenen Fragebögen zeigt sich, dass 72 % der Ärzte sich einer Darmkrebsvorsorgeuntersuchung unterzogen haben. 81 % wählten hierfür die Vorsorgekoloskopie. Überzeugt von dem Nutzen der Darmkrebsvorsorge empfehlen 90 % der Befragten ihren Patienten aktiv die Teilnahme an der Darmkrebsvorsorge. Konkret raten 88 % zur Vorsorgekoloskopie.

Schlussfolgerung Ärzte unterziehen sich in einem hohen Prozentsatz der Darmkrebsvorsorge. Die hohe Teilnehmerrate von Ärzten könnte ein zusätzlicher Motivationsfaktor bei Aufklärungskampagnen zur Darmkrebsprävention sein.
Next Generation Sequencing in der medizinischen Versorgung – Stellen Zusatzbefunde und ihre potentiellen ökonomischen Implikationen eine
Adoptionshürde dar?
Authors: Raths Susan , Paland Heiko , Buschke Marit , Fleßa Steffen
Published: September 2018

Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist es, die Bedeutung des Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) und die Relevanz von Zusatzbefunden im derzeitigen klinischen Alltag zu
bewerten. Dies soll eine Beurteilung erlauben, ob die ökonomischen Konsequenzen von Zusatzbefunden in der klinischen Routine einer Adoption von modernen
Genanalysen entgegenstehen.

Methodik Hierzu wurde eine Literaturrecherche sowie eine Online-Befragung unter Humangenetikern (n = 53) zur Relevanz von NGS-Methoden und Zusatzbefunden
durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Whole Exome und Genome Sequencing (WES/WGS) werden bislang nur für ausgewählte Patientengruppen angewandt. Die Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit von
Zusatzbefunden wird nur von wenigen Publikationen thematisiert und hängt von der Filterstrategie der Rohdaten ab. Soweit keine ausdrückliche Suche nach
Zusatzbefunden erfolgt, scheinen sie nicht gehäuft aufzutreten. Dies deckt sich mit den Angaben der deutschen Humangenetiker, wobei die Befragten zukünftig eine
deutliche Zunahme von genetischen Analysen und Zusatzbefunden erwarten.

Schlussfolgerung Umfassende Genanalysen sind bisher kein Massenphänomen in der Versorgung, sondern stellen eine frühe Mikroinnovation des
Gesundheitswesens dar. Zusatzbefunde können durch fokussierte Auswertungsstrategien minimiert werden. Derzeit behindern (noch) vielfältige Herausforderungen und
die teilweise fehlende Evidenz des Patientennutzens eine Übernahme als Standardlösung. Zusatzbefunde und ihre potentiellen Kosten spielen hingegen (noch) keine
bedeutende Rolle im Adoptionsprozess dieser Versorgungsinnovation.
New Cytotoxic Cycloartane Triterpenes from the Aerial Parts of Actaea heracleifolia (syn. Cimicifuga heracleifolia)
Authors: Shi Qiang-Qiang , Wang Wei-Hua , Lu Jing , Li Da-Shan , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming-Hua
Published: September 2018

One new 15,16-seco-cycloartane triterpene (1), three new cycloartane triterpene glycosides (2–4), and five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Actaea heracleifolia. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of NMR analysis, HRTOF-ESIMS data, and other spectroscopic methods. Selected compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480) in vitro. Compounds 3 and 4 showed weak activity against the HL-60, A-549, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 21.34 to 36.98 µM.
Synthesis of 2-(Arylselanyl)benzo[b]chalcogenophenes via
Intramolecular Cyclization of Vinyl Selenides
Authors: Lenardão Eder , Perin Gelson , Stach Guilherme , Peglow Thiago , Roehrs Juliano , Penteado Filipe , Barcellos Thiago , Jacob Raquel
Published: September 2018

An efficient protocol to access 2-arylselanylbenzo[b]chalcogenophene derivatives through the Cu(I)-catalyzed annulation of vinyl selenides is described. The key vinyl selenides were easily prepared from properly functionalized 1,1-dibromostyrenes and the method allowed the synthesis of 2-arylselanylfurans, -thiophenes, and -selenophenes in moderate to excellent yields.
An Electrical Double Layer Theory for Platelet Adhesiveness and Initiation of Intravascular Thrombosis
Authors: Dawber J. G , Roberts J. C
Published: September 2018

A theory based upon the concept of zeta potential is suggested for platelet adhesiveness. It is postulated that substances influence platelet adhesiveness by affecting the zeta potential at the platelet surface. The theory is tested by measuring the effects of various physiologically active compounds upon the streaming potential of saline solution flowing through a sintered glass membrane. The effects of the compounds on the streaming potential and hence zeta potential at the glass/liquid interface parallels their effects on platelet adhesiveness. The theory is extended to include the zeta potential of the vascular endothelium.