bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
Authors: Deepa K. , Merin Saju Hridya , Kumar M. Vijaya
Published: March 2017

A novel multi-output voltage doubler circuit with resonant switching technique is proposed in this paper. The resonant topology in the primary side of the flyback transformer switches the device either at zero voltage or current thus optimizing the switching devices by mitigating the losses. The voltage doubler circuit introduced in the load side increases the voltage by twice the value thereby increasing the load power and density. The proposed Multi-output Isolated Converter removes the need for mutiple SMPS units for a particular application. This reduces the size and weight of the converters considerably leading to a greater payload. This paper aims at optimizing the proposed converter with some design changes. The results obtained from the hardware prototype are given in a comprehensive manner for a 3.5W converter operating at output voltages of 5V and 3.3V at 50 kHz switching frequency. The converter output is regulated with the PI controller designed with SG3523 IC. The effects of load and line regulation for ±20% variations are analyzed in detail.
Power Quality Enhancement Using the Interline Power Flow Controller
Authors: Abdelkader Ben Slimane , Benachiba Chelleli
Published: March 2017

Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is one of the latest generation Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS). It is able to control simultaneously the power flow of multiple transmission lines. This paper presents a study of the impact the IPFC on profile of voltage, real and reactive power flow in transmission line in power system. The obtained results are interesting.
Analysis of Modeling of Current Differential Protection
Authors: Solovev Denis B. , Makeeva Angelina I.
Published: March 2017

Analysis of transients in longitudinal differential protection schemes is given basing on results obtained by simulation. Simulation diagram for modeling differential protection with current transformers with non-linear cores is proposed. Main shortcomings of using current transformers as measuring transducers are shown. Solutions of the problem revealed are proposed.
Finite State Predictive Current and Common Mode Voltage Control of a Seven-phase Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Iqbal Atif , Moinoddine Shaikh , Rahman Khaliqur
Published: March 2017

The paper elaborate finite set model based predictive current control of a seven-phase voltage source inverter. The current control is carried out considering a finite set of control actions. The space vector model of a seven-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) yields 27 = 128 space voltage vectors, with 126 active and two zero vectors. The control method described in this paper discard some switching states from the whole set and employs reduced number of switching states to track the commanded current. Three sets of space vectors are used for switching actuation, in one case only 15 vectors are used (14 active and one zero), in second case 29 vectors are used (28 active and one zero) and finally 43 vectors (42 active and one zero) are employed. Optimal algorithm is employed to find the vector which minimizes the chosen cost function. The effect of selecting the cost function, the number of space vectors and the sampling time is investigated and reported. The developed technique is tested for RL load using simulation and experimental approaches.

 
LabVIEW Interface for Controlling a Test Bench for Photovoltaic Modules and Extraction of Various Parameters
Authors: Guenounou Abderrezak , Malek Ali , Aillerie Michel , Mahrane Achour
Published: March 2017

Numerical simulation using mathematical models that take into account physical phenomena governing the operation of solar cells is a powerful tool to predict the energy production of photovoltaic modules prior to installation in a given site. These models require some parameters that manufacturers do not generally give. In addition, the availability of a tool for the control and the monitoring of performances of PV modules is of great importance for researchers, manufacturers and distributors of PV solutions. In this paper, a test and characterization protocol of PV modules is presented. It consists of an outdoor computer controlled test bench using a LabVIEW graphical interface. In addition to the measuring of the IV characteristics, it provides all the parameters of PV modules with the possibility to display and print a detailed report for each test. After the presentation of the test bench and the developed graphical interface, the obtained results based on an experimental example are presented.
Electric Vehicle as an Energy Storage for Grid Connected Solar Power System
Authors: Percis E. Sheeba , S Manivannan , A Nalini
Published: March 2017

In the past few years the growing demand for electricity and serious concern for the environment have given rise to the growth of sustainable sources like wind, solar, tidal, biomass etc. The technological advancement in power electronics has led to the extensive usage of solar power. Solar power output varies with the weather conditions and under shading conditions. With the increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems, a technical study about their effects on the power quality of the utility grid is required. This paper investigates the functioning of a grid-tied PV system along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The effects of varying atmospheric conditions like solar irradiance and temperature are also taken into account. It is proposed in this work that an Electric Vehicle (EV) can be used as an energy storage to stabilize the power supplied to the grid from the photovoltaic resources. A coordinated control is necessary for the EV to obtain desired outcome. The modeling of the PV and EV system is carried out in PSCAD and the proposed idea is verified through simulation results utilizing real field data for solar irradiance and temperature.
The Operating Improvement of the Supply Source and the Optimization of PWM Control
Authors: Hadj Benali Farouk , Azzouz Fouad , Bachir Ghalem
Published: March 2017

In this paper the operating improvement of the supply source and the optimization of PWM control are proposed. A comparison (based on the better operating in terms of input voltage) between the multilevel inverters (NPC multilevel inverter and H bridge inverter) is studied. Then two control strategies (the SPWM and the suboptimal PWM) are applied to the multilevel inverter which has the better voltage performance. At last a comparison between these two control techniques based on two essential points, the THD and the output voltage value. A comparison between our results and results taken from literature is also presented in this paper. Simulations are carried out using PSIM environment.
Performance Comparison of PID and Fuzzy Controllers in Distributed MPPT
Authors: Sharma Chandani , Jain Anamika
Published: March 2017

With an increase of Green Technology applications, Photovoltaic have emerged as the most appropriate solution for electricity generation purposes. However, due to variable temperature and irradiance, under the partial or shaded conditions Maximum Power Point Tracking is needed to determine highest efficiency of the system. The paper describes dynamic modeling and control of variable temperature and irradiance on solar panel in SIMULINK-MATLAB environment. The implementation of Buck Converter is used for power switching and impedance matching on connecting the panel to the load. The effectiveness of the model, with enhanced efficiency through voltage stabilization, is performed using Proportional-Integral-Derivative and Fuzzy-Logic-Controllers. A comparative study is made for PID and FLC on the basis of outputs to deal with online set point variations. FLC gives closer results to Standard Test Conditions when compared with PID. The Fuzzy system developed, using tested membership functions serve as a platform for sustainable standalone and grid-based applications using distributed MPPT.   With an increase of Green Technology applications, Photovoltaic have emerged as the most appropriate solution for electricity generation purposes. However, due to variable temperature and irradiance, under the partial or shaded conditions Maximum Power Point Tracking is needed to determine highest efficiency of the system. The paper describes dynamic modeling and control of variable temperature and irradiance on solar panel in SIMULINK-MATLAB environment. The implementation of Buck Converter is used for power switching and impedance matching on connecting the panel to the load. The effectiveness of the model, with enhanced efficiency through voltage stabilization, is performed using Proportional-Integral-Derivative and Fuzzy-Logic-Controllers. A comparative study is made for PID and FLC on the basis of outputs to deal with online set point variations. FLC gives closer results to Standard Test Conditions when compared with PID. The Fuzzy system developed, using tested membership functions serve as a platform for sustainable standalone and grid-based applications using distributed MPPT.      
New Hybrid Structure Based on Improved Switched Inductor Z-Source and Parallel Inverters for Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Zakerian Ali , Nazarpour Daryoosh
Published: March 2017

Nowadays, more and more distributed generations and renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar and tidal power, are connected to the public grid by the means of power inverters. They often form microgrids before being connected to the public grid. Due to the availability of high current power electronic devices, it is inevitable to use several inverters in parallel for high-power and/or low-cost applications. So, inverters should be connected in parallel to provide system redundancy and high reliability, which are important for critical customers. In this paper, the modeling, designing and stability analysis of parallel-connected three-phase inverters are derived for application in renewable energy systems. To enlarge voltage adjustability, the proposed inverter employs an improved switched inductor Z-source impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power source. Compared with the classical Z-source inverter (ZSI) and switched inductor Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), the proposed inverter significantly increases the voltage boost inversion ability and also can increase the power capacity and the reliability of inverter systems. The proposed topology and its performances are validated using simulation results which are obtained in Matlab/Simulink.
Development of Predictive Current Controller for Multi-Port DC/DC Converter
Authors: T K Santhosh , C Govindaraju
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the utilization of a predictive current control for a fourport DC/DC power electronic converter with an input port, two storage portsand a load port suitable for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Being a power converterwith multiple ports, it has different operating modes. While the Stateflow con-troller is employed to handle mode selection, the predictive current controller isemployed for the inductor current control. The control laws governing each op-erating mode is derived out for valley current control. By making the inductorcurrent in the upcoming switching cycle equivalent to the reference, the duty cycleis predicted. Simulation and experimental results show improvements in currentripple minimization, faster dynamic performance and comparable to traditionalcontrol method.
On the Impact of Timer Resolution in the Efficiency Optimization of Synchronous Buck Converters
Authors: Amaral Pedro , Duarte Cândido , Costa Pedro
Published: March 2017

Excessive dead time in complementary switches causes significant energy losses in DC-DC power conversion. The optimization of dead time prevents the degradation of overall efficiency by minimizing the body diode conduction of power switches and, as a consequence, also reduces reverse recovery losses. The present work aims at analyzing the influence of one of the most important characteristics of a digital controller, the timer resolution, in the context of dead-time optimization for synchronous buck converters. In specific, the analysis quantifies the efficiency de-pendency on the timer resolution, in a parameter set that comprises duty-cycle and dead-time, and also converter frequency and analog-to-digital converter accuracy. Based on a sensorless optimization strategy, the relationship between all these limiting factors is described, such as the number of bits of timer and analog-to-digital converter. To validate our approach experimental results are provided using a 12-to-1.8V DC-DC converter, controlled by low- and high-resolution pulse-width modulation signals generated with an XMC4200 microcontroller from Infineon Technologies. The measured results are consistent with our analysis, which predicts the power efficiency improvements not only with a fixed dead time approach, but also with the increment of timer resolution.
FACT Device for Reactive Power Compensation in the Deregulated Electrical Power Environment
Authors: Packiasudha M. , Suja S.
Published: March 2017

In the deregulating electricity market, many private sector power producers are participating actively. With growing number of the wind mills and solar power generation, the reactive power production will be more because of induction generator and inductive type load. Many blackouts have happened in the past decades due to more reactive power which lead to a decrease in the magnitude of real power. It is very essential to compensate the reactive power, increase the real power flow in the transmission line, increase the transmission efficiency, improve the system stability and be in a safer place to save the fossil fuels for the future. In this paper the importance of reactive power and its various compensation techniques are applied to a five bus deregulated test case modeled and analyzed. The simulations were done using Matlab Simulink, for various FACT controllers such as STATCOM, SVC, SSSC and UPFC compensation and the results were tabulated and compared.
Comparison Of Cascaded H-bridge Inverters for Harmonic Mitigation Considering Various Loads
Authors: Natarajan Suresh , Rajesh R. Samuel
Published: March 2017

This paper compares the reduction of harmonics in various level cascaded H-bridge inverters. The switching angles for the cascaded H-bridge inverter were calculated by evolutionary optimization technique. Fourier analysis is used to determine the switching angles for the desired electrical parameters. Lower order harmonics such as third, fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh order harmonics were taken into consideration to reduce the total harmonic distortion. Simulation was done for thirteen, fifteen and seventeen level cascaded H-bridge inverters using Matlab. Total harmonic distortion of voltage and current for R, RL and  Motor load were analyzed.
Flyback Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based SHE-PWM Control for STATCOM Applications
Authors: Law Kah Haw , Qin Ng Wendy Pei , Wong Wei Kitt
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the closed loop DC-DC flyback converter with multi-level cascaded H-bridge inverter (MCHI) for transformer-less static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) system. The STATCOM system is proposed to be controlled using decoupled dq vector control incorporating the new reactive current reference algorithm and multi-level selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (MSHEPWM) technique. This ensures transient performance enhancement as well as simpler control and modulation technique implementation for dynamic systems. As the proposed MSHEPWM solely depends on adjustable DC-link voltage levels, flyback converter is designed for that purpose to suit wider applications. In current work, a single phase five-levels CHI based STATCOM system incorporated with the aforementioned converters are presented to compensate the reactive power (VAR) at the point of common connection (PCC). The dynamic as well as the transient performances of the developed STATCOM control system and the proposed voltage closed loop control of each converter are investigated to meet different VAR demands at balanced loading conditions. Simulation studies are performed to verify the effectiveness and theoretical analysis of the approaches presented.
A Robust EKF Based Speed Estimator and Fuzzy Optimization Technique for Sensorless Induction Motor Drives
Authors: Lakshmi J. Mohana , H. N. Suresh
Published: March 2017

The speed estimation technique of induction machines has become a non-trivial task. For estimating the speed of an induction motor precisely and accurately an optimum state estimator is necessary. This paper deals with the performance analysis of induction motor drives using a recursive, optimum state estimator. This technique uses a full order state space Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) model where the rotor flux, rotor speed and stator currents are estimated. A major challenge with induction motor occurs at very low and at near zero speed. In such cases, information about the rotor parameters with respect to stator side become unobservable while using the synchronously rotating reference frame. To overcome this lost coupling effect, EKF observer linearizes the non-linear parameter in every sampling period and estimates the states and machine parameters simultaneously. The proposed algorithm is tuned to obtain least error in estimated speed. Any error found is further optimized using a non-linear fuzzy controller to obtain improved performance of the drive.
A Novel Sensorless Initial Rotor Position Estimation Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Authors: Wu Chien-Feng , Lin Shir-Kuan
Published: March 2017

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-US">This paper presents a high efficiency initial rotor position estimation method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). The approach uses the viable inductance model to analyze the optimal motor injection sine wave frequency as the motor’s test signal. Unlike other high-frequency injection methods, this approach does not require trial and error experiments. The injection frequency is identified by programmable simulations using Matlab. Experimental evaluation of 3-phase PMSM showed that this injection frequency optimization method works successfully. The proposed method can find the optimal injection frequency without experimentation, and outperforms other test signals in terms of accuracy, vibration quantity and noise. This microprocessor-developed 3-phase PMSM control driver can be applied to electrical appliances, machine tools and automation.
New Sensorless Sliding Mode Control of a Five-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Based on Sliding Mode Observer
Authors: Hosseyni Anissa , Trabelsi Ramzi , Kumar Sanjeeve , Mimouni Med Faouzi , Iqbal Atif
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes a sensorless sliding mode control (SMC) for a five phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on a sliding mode observer (SMO). The stability of the proposed strategy is proved in the sense of the Lyapunov theory. The sliding mode controller is designed with an integral switching surface and the sliding mode observer is developed for the estimation of rotor position and rotor speed. The proposed sensorless control strategy exhibits good dynamic response to disturbances. Simulation results are provided to prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Design and Investigation of Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine for Downhole Application
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie , Jusoh Laili Iwani , Bahrim Fatihah Shafiqah
Published: March 2017

Permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) is a joint venture of switch reluctance machine (SRM) and permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). It has become a prominent research topic for various applications because of robust rotor structure, high torque and power densities but few were developed for downhole applications mainly due to harsh environmental conditions. Formerly, most of developed PMFSMs for downhole applications were mainly concentrated on inner-rotor type design, and difficult to find research work on outer-rotor configuration. Therefore, this paper introduces the design and investigation of PMFSM with outer-rotor configuration for downhole application. Primarily, the geometric topology of proposed design is described in detail. Then, the no load and load analysis are implemented in order to investigate the initial performance of the proposed design.
A New Compensation Control Strategy for Grid-connected Wind Turbine and Fuel Cell Inverters in a Microgrid
Authors: Naderipour A. , Mohd Zin A. A. , Habibuddin M. H. , Moradi M. , Miveh M. , Afrouzi H. N.
Published: March 2017

The use of a new control method for grid-connected inverters for reducing the output current harmonic distortion in a wide range of grid-connected distributed generation (DG) applications, including wind turbine (WT) and fuel cell (FC) inverters is proposed in this paper. The control method designed to eliminate main harmonics in a microgrid (MG) and between MG and point of common coupling (PCC) and responsible for the correction of the system unbalance. Another advantage of the proposed control method is that it can be easily adopted into the DG control system without the installation of extra hardware. The proposed control method is comprised of the synchronous reference frame method (SRF). Results from the proposed control method are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Reduction in Current THD of Grid Parallel Inverters Using Randomized PR Control
Authors: Salimin S. , Zulkifli S. A. , Armstrong M.
Published: March 2017

In grid connected system, unity power factor current injection into the grid is vital. This can be achieved by choosing the right inverter topology, passive filter components, current controllers, and PWM switching scheme. This paper compares the output current harmonics profile between when using the conventional proportional resonant (PR) current controller and when using the modified PR current controller. By applying the latter technique, via experimental validation using TMS320F2812, the THD of the injected grid current in a parallel connected inverters system is improved.
Power Quality Improvement Using Multi-level Inverter based DVR and DSTATCOM Using Neuro-fuzzy Controller
Authors: Ramya G. , Ganapathy V. , Suresh P.
Published: March 2017

STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM, a controlling device used on alternating current transmission networks, has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter type DSTATCOM and DVR to compensate voltage sag in utilities in power distribution network. The proposed DSTATCOM is implemented using multilevel topology with isolated dc energy storage and reduced number of switches. A DVR injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a D-STATCOM implant a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and interruption. The phase shifter PWM technique is described to generate firing pulse to cascaded inverter. The proposed neuro-fuzzy controller follow itself to the sag and provides effective means of mitigation. The voltage sag with the minimum harmonic at the efficacy end. The proposed technique is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Topologies with Reduced Device Rating: a Review
Authors: Rajan V. Raghavendra , L. Premalatha
Published: March 2017

Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) has introduced a new wave of interest in engineering industry and research. Reduction in device rating has been the main objective in introducing QZSI topologies. The introduced topologies in QZSI have proven to be feasible in a wide range for high power with medium voltage applications. This paper mainly focuses on QZSI topologies with continuous input current conduction and also power conditioning in the renewable energy system. Based on a detailed comparison of these topologies suitable QZSI can be arrived for a given application.
New Strategy Control of Bidirectional Quazi Z Source Inverter with Batteries and Supercapacitors Energy Storage in Grid Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Seif eddine Boukebbous , Djallel Kerdoun
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a control of bidirectional Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (qZSI) with energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) for photovoltaic power generation systems is presented. The quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) provides an alternative for the conventional two stages DC-DC/DC-AC photovoltaic (PV) based inverter system. The batteries and supercapacitors are used for compensate the necessitate power occurred in internal or external system parameters circumstances.  The main objective of this study is to propose a suitable active and reactive power control for injecting or recovering   the power between the electrical grid and PV system (batteries). For adjust the problem of rapid variation of climatic and the power grid conditions, the supercapacitors are controlled with buck-boost converter.  Many simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK in different rigorous situations show the performance of the proposed system.
Portable Pico Linear Generator Design with Different Magnet Shapes for Wave Energy Conversion System
Authors: Shahabudin Nursyamimi , Ibrahim Taib , Mohd Zamri Naily Akmal
Published: March 2017

There are abundant of wave energy converter technologies available to convert wave energy into useable energy. However, most of them are huge and suitable for large application. Thus, this paper aimed to propose portable pico generator designs for small scale application. Investigation on the performance of designs with varying halbach magnet shapes was mainly focused and discussed. Two designs of different magnet shape i.e. triangular and trapezoid were proposed. Open-circuit simulation and optimization results were obtained using Finite Element Method. From the results, it was found out that Trapezoid Magnet Design produced better performance and lower material cost compared to another proposed design, Triangular Magnet as well as conventional Rectangular Magnet shape.
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV Generation System Using Matlab/Simulink
Authors: Mohammed Benaissa Omar , Hadjeri Samir , Zidi Sid Ahmed
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the Grid connected solar photovoltaique system using DC-DC boost converter and the DC/AC inverter (VSC) to supplies electric power to the utility grid. The model contains a representation of the main components of the system that are two solar arrays of 100 kW, boost converter and the grid side inverter. The paper starts with a system description, in this part we have given a definition and a short overview of every component used in this system and they are taken separately. The PV cell model is easy, accurate, and takes external temperature and solar radiation into consideration. It also proposes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The algorithm incorporated in a DC/DC converter is used to track the maximum power of PV cell. Finally, the DC/AC inverter (VSC) of three- level is used to regulate the ouput voltage of DC/DC converter and connects the PV cell to the grid. Simulation results show how a solar radiation’s change can affect the power output of any PV system, also they show the control performance and dynamic behavior of the grid connected photovoltaic system.
A Comparative Studies of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters Having Reduced Number of Switches with R and RL-Load
Authors: Nanda Lipika , Dasgupta Abhijit , Rout Ullash Kumar
Published: March 2017

Multilevel inverter offers many benefits for high power application compavered to conventional cascaded Multilevel Inverter topology.This paper presents Symmetric CMLI using variable frequency carrier based pulse width modulation techniques. The proposed topology reduces total harmonic distortion and reduced switching losses for seven level inverter. The simulation study of the proposed topology has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The main objective of this paper is to achieve number of levels of MLI with reduced number of switches and DC power sources compared to conventional topology.
Implementation in Arduino of MPPT Using Variable Step Size P&O Algorithm in PV Installations
Authors: Elyaqouti Mustapha , Hakim Safa , Farhat Sadik , Bouhouch Lahoussine , Ihlal Ahmed
Published: March 2017

In order to maximize the electric energy production of a photovoltaic generator (PVG), the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are usually used in photovoltaic systems. The principle of these techniques is to operate the PVG to the maximum power point (MPP), which depends on the environmental factors, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature, ensuring the optimal power transfer between PVG and load. In this paper, we present the implementation of two digital MPPT commands using the Arduino Mega type. The two proposed MPPT controls are based on the algorithm of perturb and observe (P&O), the first one with fixed perturbation step and the second one with two perturbations step varying with some conditions. The experimental results show that the P&O algorithm with variable step perturbation gives good results compared to the P&O algorithm with fixed perturbation step in terms of the time response and the oscillations around the MPP.
Hovering Control of Quadrotor Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Maharani Raharja Nia , Firmansyah Eka , Imam Cahyadi Adha , Iswanto Iswanto
Published: March 2017

Quadrotor is one of rotary wing UAV types which is able to perform a hover position. In order to take off, landing, and hover, it needs controllers. Conventional controllers have been widely applied in quadrotor, yet they have drawbacks namely overshoot. This paper presents attitude and altitude control algorithm in order to obtain a response as quadrotor hovered optimally within minimum overshoot, rise time, and settling time. The algorithm used is Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) algorithm with Mamdani method. By using the algorithm, the quadrotor is able to hover with minimum overshoot and maximum rise time. The advantage of the algorithm is that it does not require linearization model of the quadrotor.
Control Strategy for PWM Voltage Source Converter Using Fuzzy Logic for Adjustable Speed DC Motor
Authors: Baisa Saidah , Purwahyudi Bambang , Kuspijani Kuspijani
Published: March 2017

The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by varying the voltage applied to the terminal. It can be done by controlling a PWM-VSC (PWM-Voltage Source Converter). This paper analyzes an control strategy of PWM-VSC using fuzzy logic to obtain varying DC voltage and according to the DC motor speed as desired. The control strategy of PWM-VSC directly using the switch variable in dq rotating reference frame as input variables. The fuzzy logic controller proposes to get a DC voltage variation stable by adjusting amplitudo of the network current. The simulation Fuzzy Logic Controller results show that the design fuzzy logic produce a good dynamic of DC voltage and DC motor speed without overshoot. On the network, Total Harmonic Distortion less than 5 % and unity power factor.
Non-iterative Wide-modulation-index Switching-angle Calculation Techniques for 15-level Binary Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Soo J. A. , Chye M. S. , Tan Y. C. , Ong S. L. , Leong J. H. , Sutikno T.
Published: March 2017

Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMI) is able to generate a staircase AC output voltage with low switching losses. The switching angles applied to the CHBMI have to be calculated and arranged properly in order to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform. In this paper, two non-iterative switching-angle calculation techniques applied for a 15-level binary asymmetric CHBMI are proposed. Both techniques employ a geometric approach to estimate the switching angles, and therefore, the generated equations can be solved directly without iterations, which are usually time-consuming and challenging to be implemented in real-time. Apart from this, both techniques are also able to calculate the switching angles for a wide range of modulation index. The proposed calculation techniques have been validated via MATLAB simulation and experiment.
E-selectin inhibition with GMI-1271 decreases venous thrombosis without profoundly affecting tail vein bleeding in a mouse model
Authors: Culmer Dorian L. , Dunbar Misha L. , Hawley Angela E. , Sood Suman , Sigler Robert E. , Henke Peter K. , Wakefield Thomas W. , Magnani John L. , Myers Daniel D.
Published: March 2017

Selectins, such as E-selectin (CD62E), function in venous thrombosis by binding and activating immune cells to initiate the coagulation cascade. GMI-1271 is a small molecule antagonist that inhibits E-selectin activity. Here we determine whether inhibition of E-selectin is sufficient to decrease acute venous thrombosis and associated inflammatory events in both prophylactic and treatment protocols without significantly affecting haemostasis. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent surgery for experimental thrombosis induction and were harvested at peak thrombus formation in our animal model, two days post induction. Groups included non-thrombosed true controls, shams, controls, and prophylactic or treatment groups of GMI-1271 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneal BID (twice a day) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, Lovenox 6 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), once a day (SID). Compared with control animals, prophylaxis or treatment with LMWH and GMI-1271 in a dose-dependent manner significantly decreased thrombosis. GMI-1271 significantly lowered tail bleeding times when compared to LMWH. GMI-1271 and LMWH prophylactically administered significantly decreased vein wall neutrophil cell extravasation. However, all treatment and prophylactic therapies significantly decreased vein wall monocyte extravasation versus controls. GMI-1271 prophylactic therapy significantly decreased intra-thrombus cell counts versus control animals and other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that both treatments with GMI-1271 and LMWH significantly decreased activated leukocyte migration. GMI-1271 therapy significantly decreased thrombus weight and resulted in significantly lower bleeding times than LMWH. GMI-1271 treated mice showed decreased local and systemic inflammatory effects while modulating neutrophil activation, suggesting that GMI-1271 is a viable therapeutic candidate for venous thrombosis prophylaxis and treatment.
ЕНДОПРОТЕЗУВАННЯ КУЛЬШОВОГО СУГЛОБУ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН
Authors: Tugarov D. R. , Krynytska I. Ya.
Published: March 2017

У статті викладено сучасні дані щодо операції ендопротезування – сучасного ефективного методу лікування патології великих суглобів, особливості біомеханіки кульшового суглоба. Звернено увагу на післяопераційний період після ендопротезування.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АНТИСЕПТИЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ В ЗОЗ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Shevchuk N. B.
Published: March 2017

У статті проведено аналіз використання антисептичних засобів в ЗОЗ України та дані щодо необхідності та ефективності проведення гігієнічної обробки рук медичного персоналу.
Deslocamentos na metodologia dos usos sociais para o estudo de meios livres e comunitários: o caso da pesquisa sobre a rádio mexicana Frecuencia Libre
Authors: Costa Filho Ismar Capistrano , Marques Ângela Cristina Salgueiro
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta os deslocamentos e os métodos utilizados para aplicar a metodologia dos usos sociais dos meios de Jesus Martín-Barbero no estudo da rádio Frecuencia Libre, emissora comunitária da cidade de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, em Chiapas, México do coletivo homônimo aderente ao movimento zapatista. As lógicas de mercado foram ampliadas para lógicas de produção a fim de dar conta das subversões ao sistema legal de radiodifusão e das resistências ao modelo comercial da emissora investigada. Os formatos industriais foram deslocados para formatos dos meios para analisar as rupturas ao padrão tradicional de rádio. Para compreender as matrizes culturais, o método dos endereçamentos, proposto por Jonh Hartley foi utilizado e os sentidos culturais dos mundos possíveis Jesus Galindo Cáceres possibilitou entender as competências da recepção.
Angiogenic Mechanisms of Human CD34
+
Stem Cell Exosomes in the Repair of Ischemic Hindlimb
Authors: Mathiyalagan Prabhu , Liang Yaxuan , Kim David , Misener Sol , Thorne Tina , Kamide Christine E. , Klyachko Ekaterina , Losordo Douglas W. , Hajjar Roger J. , Sahoo Susmita
Published: March 2017

Rationale:

Paracrine secretions seem to mediate therapeutic effects of human CD34
+
stem cells locally transplanted in patients with myocardial and critical limb ischemia and in animal models. Earlier, we had discovered that paracrine secretion from human CD34
+
cells contains proangiogenic, membrane-bound nanovesicles called exosomes (CD34Exo).

Objective:

Here, we investigated the mechanisms of CD34Exo-mediated ischemic tissue repair and therapeutic angiogenesis by studying their miRNA content and uptake.

Methods and Results:

When injected into mouse ischemic hindlimb tissue, CD34Exo, but not the CD34Exo-depleted conditioned media, mimicked the beneficial activity of their parent cells by improving ischemic limb perfusion, capillary density, motor function, and their amputation. CD34Exo were found to be enriched with proangiogenic miRNAs such as miR-126-3p. Knocking down miR-126-3p from CD34Exo abolished their angiogenic activity and beneficial function both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, injection of CD34Exo increased miR-126-3p levels in mouse ischemic limb but did not affect the endogenous synthesis of miR-126-3p, suggesting a direct transfer of stable and functional exosomal miR-126-3p. miR-126-3p enhanced angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of its known target,
SPRED1
, simultaneously modulating the expression of genes involved in angiogenic pathways such as
VEGF
(vascular endothelial growth factor),
ANG1
(angiopoietin 1),
ANG2
(angiopoietin 2), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9),
TSP1
(thrombospondin 1), etc. Interestingly, CD34Exo, when treated to ischemic hindlimbs, were most efficiently internalized by endothelial cells relative to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, demonstrating a direct role of stem cell–derived exosomes on mouse endothelium at the cellular level.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our results have demonstrated a novel mechanism by which cell-free CD34Exo mediates ischemic tissue repair via beneficial angiogenesis. Exosome-shuttled proangiogenic miRNAs may signify amplification of stem cell function and may explain the angiogenic and therapeutic benefits associated with CD34
+
stem cell therapy.
Prognostic Impact of In‐Hospital and Postdischarge Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Analysis Using Data From the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Nygård Ottar , Vollset Stein Emil , Ebbing Marta , Poulter Neil , Egeland Grace M. , Cerqueira Charlotte , Jørgensen Torben , Tell Grethe S.
Published: March 2017

Background

Heart failure (
HF
) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
). We explored the excess mortality associated with
HF
as an early or late complication of
AMI
and describe changes over time in such excess mortality.

Methods and Results

All patients hospitalized with an incident
AMI
and without history of prior
HF
hospitalization were followed up to 1 year after
AMI
discharge for episodes of
HF
. New
HF
episodes were classified as

in‐hospital
HF

if diagnosed during the
AMI
hospitalization or

postdischarge
HF

if diagnosed within 1 year after discharge from the incident
AMI
. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to explore the excess mortality associated with
HF
categories. Changes over time in the excess mortality were assessed by testing the interaction between
HF
status and study year. In‐hospital
HF
increased in‐hospital mortality 1.79 times (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95%
CI
: 1.68–1.91). The excess mortality associated with
HF
increased by 4.3 times from 2001 to 2009 (
P
interaction<0.001) as a consequence of a greater decline of in‐hospital mortality among
AMI
patients without (9% per year) compared to those with in‐hospital
HF
(3% per year). Postdischarge
HF
increased all‐cause and
CVD
mortality 5.98 times (hazard ratio, 5.98; 95%
CI
: 5.39–6.64) and 7.93 times (subhazard ratio, 7.93; 95%
CI
: 6.84 –9.19), respectively. The relative excess 1‐year mortality associated with
HF
did not change significantly over time.

Conclusions

Development of
HF
—either as an early or late complication of
AMI
—has a negative impact on patients' survival. Changes in the excess mortality associated with
HF
are driven by modest improvements in survival among
AMI
patients with
HF
as compared to those without
HF
.
Jacob-el in the Land of Esau and the Roots of Biblical Religion
Authors: Knohl Israel
Published: March 2017

The name Jacob-el is to be found in topographical list of Ramesses ii, i.e. in the 13th century bc. Unlike to common view, this toponym should not be located in the north, since it is surrounded by toponyms with the prefix “Qos”. These toponyms were rightly connected by scholars to the worship of the Edomite god Qaus. Hence, it is suggested, that a clan related to an eponym named Jacob-el, settled in mount Seir or Edom in the 13th century bc. This assumption might shed a new light on the brotherhood and animosity between Jacob and Esau in the narrative of Genesis. It might also explain the transmission of the cult of yhwh from Seir-Edom to early Israel.
Kuntillet ʿAjrud Inscription 4.3: A Note on the Alleged Exodus Tradition
Authors: Krause Joachim J.
Published: March 2017

It has been proposed recently to read the heavily fragmented plaster inscription 4.3 from Kuntillet ʿAjrud as an attestation of the Exodus tradition. Based on the marked differences from the comparative biblical material, far-reaching conclusions regarding the evolution of the Exodus tradition have been drawn. But the reading suffers from serious problems.
Hernando de Mendoça (1562–1617), General Acquaviva, and the Controversy over Confession, Counsel, and Obedience
Authors: Reinhardt Nicole
Published: March 2017

This article examines the clash between Superior General Claudio Acquaviva and the Spanish Jesuit Hernando de Mendoça, briefly confessor to the viceroy of Naples count of Lemos (1599–1601). It argues that Mendoça’s activities in Naples and the scandal that followed were an important influence on Acquaviva’s determination to formalize and push forward the regulations for princely confessors in 1602. It situates the confrontation within the context of the discontent amongst Spanish Jesuits, and their criticism of Acquaviva’s generalate. While Jesuit historiography has generally considered Mendoça’s case as an example of individual folly and disobedience, the essay elucidates the significance of his agency by taking into account his overlooked writings, which offer new insights into the controversy over the role of confession for just government within and without the Society of Jesus.
Validation of Schizonella caricis-atratae (Anthracoideaceae)
Authors: DENCHEV CVETOMIR M. , DENCHEV TEODOR T.
Published: March 2017

The name Schizonella caricis-atratae is validated here after a previous invalid publication.
Typification of the name Rubus styriacus (Rosaceae)
Authors: KIRÁLY GERGELY
Published: March 2017

Rubus Linnaeus (1753: 492) ser. Micantes Sudre (1908: 16) is a series of intermediate taxonomic position, including species originating via the hybridization of glandular and non-glandular bramble biotypes (Holub 1992, Weber 1995). The number of species in this series is approximately 60; their distribution centre is in central and north-western Europe (Kurtto et al. 2010). The east-central European representatives of the series (ca. 15 species) are well known, both their taxonomy and distribution seem to be clarified due to recent investigations (Holub 1995, Weber 1995, Maurer & Drescher 2000, Matzke-Hajek 2004, Zieliński 2004, Király et al. 2014), and practically all species occurring in this region (excluding Rubus styriacus Halácsy 1890: 432) have satisfactorily been typified (Weber 1991, 1998, Király et al. 2013, 2015). However, even the lack of the typification of R. styriacus indicates unresolved questions; thus, the aim of this correspondence is the circumscription its original material and the typification of the name.
Three new Batillipes species (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from the Brazilian coast
Authors: SANTOS ERIKA , ROCHA CLÉLIA M. C. DA , GOMES EDIVALDO JR. , FONTOURA PAULO
Published: March 2017

Three new tardigrade species, Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov., Batillipes dandarae sp. nov. and Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov., are described from shallow subtidal sediments of the Brazilian coast. B. brasiliensis sp. nov. and B. dandarae sp. nov. have toes 3 and 4 on leg IV different in length, so they can be included in the D group of species, while B. potiguarensis sp. nov., with toes 3 and 4 on leg IV equal in length belong to the A group. Batillipes brasiliensis sp. nov. is characterized by having an ala-like caudal expansion; cuticular projections on the coxal region of legs I-III, and lateral projections. The lateral projection located between the third and fourth legs is fringed with digit-shaped expansions. Batillipes dandarae sp. nov. has a dorsal blunt enlargement in the scapular region; a pointed triangular caudal appendage, and no lateral projections. The new species exhibits a sensorial spine on legs I inserted posteriorly and turning forward, and anus surrounded by a peculiar cuticular structure constituted by six platelets. Batillipes potiguarensis sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of characters: scapular region well developed, protruding laterally at the level of the first pair of legs; lateral blunt processes between legs, and prominent roundish caudal protrusion. In addition, the new species exhibits cephalic appendages with swollen tips, evident secondary clavae, and very short sense organs on the legs IV.
A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from northern Vietnam
Authors: ROWLEY JODI J. L. , DAU VINH Q. , HOANG HUY D. , LE DUONG T. T. , CUTAJAR TIMOTHY P. , NGUYEN TAO T.
Published: March 2017

We describe a new, medium-sized Leptolalax species from Vietnam. Leptolalax petrops sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of having a medium-sized body (23.6–27.6 mm in 21 adult males, 30.3–47.0 mm in 17 adult females), immaculate white chest and belly, no distinct black markings on the head, highly tuberculate skin texture, toes lacking webbing and with narrow lateral fringes, and a call consisting of an average of four notes and a dominant frequency of 5.6–6.4 kHz (at 24.5–25.3 °C). Uncorrected sequence divergences between L. petrops sp. nov. and all homologous DNA sequences available for the 16S rRNA gene are >8%.