bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wybrane motywy biblijne z Ksiąg Jozuego i Sędziów w Godzinkach o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny
Authors: Ziaja Krystian
Published: September 2016

The aim of the article is better understanding of the Hours concerning the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary. Following motives from the books of Joshua and Judges were taken into consideration: The light from Gabaon (Joshua 10, 10–13), Gedeon’s fleece (Judges 6, 36–40), Samson’s honeycomb (Judges 14, 1–11). After the discussion of the above mentioned three texts we may ascertain that the author of Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary with accurate aim refers the texts to the Most Holy Virgin Mary. Mary is the light from Gabaon, which showed people that he, whose mother she is, will make a salvation, the real victory that had been expected since Adam and Eve’s times. Moreover, she is the fleece of Gedeon because God made her a wonderful exception as among people only she was not stained by a sin. Furthermore, she is Samson’s honeycomb as inside her the one who is our Savior and our best food was born.
Stola – orarium – stuła (pierwsze tysiąclecie Kościoła)
Authors: Superson Jarosław A.
Published: September 2016

In the ancient culture of Greece, and then of Rome, when describing garments the colloquial term stola was used. But amongst many clothes of that time (stolae) a beautiful robe stood apart – stola, which was usually worn by wealthy matrons and as a result of transformations by men who were on the high-rank of the social hierarchy. Also Vulgate, introducing refined clothes, while at the same time the insignia of the dignity of a given person, used the term stola. In the first millennium of the Church stole, which was a garment that belonged to people with major orders, was defined as orarium or stola. What does the imperial insignia or robes orarium (stola) originate from? In the article, as an answer to the question, there are presented three hypotheses of Fr. Anthony Nowowiejski, four by Joseph Braun and other opinions of the researchers of the issue. Church in the East and West used these insignia. Only Rome, in the described epoch, did not use orarium (stola), although it was known. From the teaching of synods we learn about an obligation of wearing the orarium (stola), the way of wearing it by deacons and priests, the number of used orarium, and ornamentation and colouring. From the very beginning, insignia have its own symbolism given by Isidore of Pelusium, Pseudo-Germana from Paris, Amalary of Metz, and Raban Maur. In The Sacramentary of Amiens we could find the first prayer at putting the stole on. It appears from the prayer that the stole is the cloak of immortality restored after the sin of the first parent, and the robe of joy, and at the same time a defense against deterioration of the mind and body.
Pochodzenie synagogi
Authors: Jędrzejewski Sylwester
Published: September 2016

The institution of Synagogue and the synagogue as the local zone of Jewish activities served three basic functions: socio-cultural, religious and educational. The origins of the Synagogue is dated differently depending on research environment: from reforms of Josiah till the Hasmonean period. Extreme opinions represent the pessimistic approach concluding that this is impossible to clearly establish the genesis of the institution of the Synagogue. The synagogue was born in the deportation environment of Babylonia with the main goal of preserving the ethnic and religious identity. It had liturgical, social, juridical and educative functions. It developed quickly in the Egyptian Diaspora during the Ptolemaic period and during the Roman rule. In Palestine the development was different. Institutional capacity of the Synagogue was realized in the activities of local synagogues in sacral, social, pedagogical and political context.
NEW METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FEBUXOSTAT IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Pal Narottam , Rao Avanapu Srinivasa , Ravikumar Pigilli
Published: September 2016

Objective: To develop a new method and validate the same for the determination of Febuxostat (FBS) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS).

Methods: The present method utilized reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Febuxostat D9 (FBS D9) was used as internal standard (IS). The analyte and internal standard were separated from human plasma by using solid phase extraction method. Zorbax Eclipse XDB, C8, 100 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm column was used and HPLC grade acetonitrile, 5 millimolar (mM) ammonium format (80: 20, v/v) as mobile phase, detected by mass spectrometry operating in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring modes.

Results: The parent and production transitions for FBS and internal standard were at m/z 317.1→261.0 and 326.1→262.0 respectively. The method was validated for system suitability, specificity, carryover effect, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, sensitivity and stability. The linearity range was from 20.131 ng/ml to10015. 534 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Precision results (%CV) across six quality control samples were within the limit. The percentage recovery of FBS and internal standard from matrix samples was found to be 76.57% and 75.03% respectively.

Conclusion: Present study describes new LC-MS method for the quantification of FBS in a pharmaceutical formulation. According to validation results, it was found to be a simple, sensitive, accurate and precise method and also free from any kind of interference. Therefore the proposed analytical method can be used for routine analysis for the estimation of FBS in its formulation.
LOW POWER SI-BASED POWER AMPLIFIER FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATION
Authors: Cai Wei , Li Cheng , Gu Heng
Published: September 2016

Objective: The objective of this research was to design a 2.4 GHz class B Power Amplifier (PA), with 0.18um Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) CMOS technology by using Cadence software, for health care applications. The ultimate goal for such application is to minimize the trade-offs between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design.

Methods: This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class B power amplifier designed as dual gate topology. This class B power amplifier could transmit 26dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The power added efficiency was 60% minimum and the power gain was 90dB, the total power consumption was 6.9 mW.

Results: Besides, accurate device modeling, is needed, due to the leakage and process variations.

Conclusion: The performance of the power amplifier meets the specification requirements of the desired.
Dimensional changes of dental arches produced by fixed and removable palatal cribs: A prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Slaviero Thiago , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire , Oltramari-Navarro Paula Vanessa Pedron , de Castro Ana Claudia , Conti Ferreira , Poleti Marcelo Lupion , de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues
Published: September 2016

Objective: To evaluate the dimensional changes of dental arches on digital models of open bite treatment with fixed and removable palatal cribs.

Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 41 patients of both sexes who were white, aged 7–10 years, and who had mixed dentition, Angle Class I molar relationship, and a negative overbite of at least 1 mm. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: G1, fixed palatal crib; and G2, removable palatal crib. Cast models, obtained initially (T1) and after 1 year of treatment (T2), were scanned by a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, 3Shape R700, producing a 3D image. Measurements were performed by a calibrated examiner using OrthoAnalyzer™ 3D software.

Results: At T2–T1, differences were observed between the groups regarding vertical dentoalveolar development and overjet. There was more mandibular incisor extrusion for G1 (−1.66 mm) than for G2 (−0.54 mm). An overjet increase was observed in G1 (0.56 mm), in contrast to a reduction in G2 (−0.40 mm). There was a similar overbite increase for both groups (3.51 mm for fixed palatal crib and 3.88 mm for removable palatal crib).

Conclusions: Both the treatment protocols are similarly effective for anterior open bite correction, providing an overbite increase with dentoalveolar arch changes, especially in the anterior region.
Human Rights and Federal Corrections: A Commentary on a Decade of Tough on Crime Policies in Canada
Authors: Zinger Ivan
Published: September 2016

The present commentary documents how correctional authorities can capitalize on law-and-order politics, find new ways to advance their own agenda, and enjoy a certain degree of immunity from public scrutiny. It examines the impact on federal corrections of a decade of tough on crime policies in Canada, reviews correctional and conditional release statistics, and analyses trends that shaped federal corrections over that period. It also highlights how law-and-order politics can influence the internal culture of correctional authorities and human rights compliance.
Negative affectivity in females' identification of their nonconsensual sexual experiences and sexual dissatisfaction
Authors: Kilimnik Chelsea D. , Trapnell Paul D. , Humphreys Terry P.
Published: September 2016

Very little research has examined the adjustment differences between those who identify their nonconsensual sexual experiences (NSEs) as sexual assault and those who do not, despite both groups meeting the legal criteria for having experienced sexual assault. Identifying differences between NSE identifiers and non-identifiers may help to illuminate psychosexual factors in NSE construal, emotional reactivity, and resilience in sexual outcomes. This study examines the association of individuals' NSE self-identification and negative affectivity with women's sexual dissatisfaction in an undergraduate sample. Participants (N=126) completed measures of negative affectivity five months before completing measures of sexual satisfaction and NSE history. Results indicated that negative affectivity has a robust independent association with NSE identification and sexual concerns for women who report NSEs, corresponding to legal definitions of sexual assault. In addition, no differences were found between identifiers and non-identifiers on sexual dissatisfaction, suggesting NSE history may have more to do with sexual satisfaction in these women than the construal of the event.
Examining the Supply of and Demand for Physiotherapy in Saskatchewan: The Relationship between Where Physiotherapists Work and Population Health Need
Authors: McFadden Brighid , Jones McGrath Kendra , Lowe Teghan , Thiessen Carla , Irinici Steven , Shah Tayyab , Milosavljevic Stephan , Bath Brenna
Published: September 2016

Purpose: This research examined the association between the distribution of physiotherapists in Saskatchewan relative to population health characteristics and self-reported physiotherapy use. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, de-identified data were collected from the 2013 Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapy membership renewals (n=643), and Saskatchewan population health characteristics data were obtained from the 2009–2012 Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHSs). Age- and sex-adjusted proportions of selected population health characteristics were calculated and stratified by health region and rural–urban location; both were determined, for physiotherapists and CCHS participants, using postal codes. The association between physiotherapy distribution and physiotherapy use was calculated, and geospatial mapping techniques were used to display physiotherapist distribution across the province relative to population health characteristics. Results: Across health regions, a positive correlation (r=0.655, p<0.029) was found between physiotherapist distribution and self-reported physiotherapy use. Mapping population health characteristics according to physiotherapist distribution demonstrated an imbalance between supply and distribution of physiotherapists and population health needs and demands. Conclusion: There is a discrepancy in Saskatchewan among the distribution of physiotherapists, self-reported physiotherapy use, and population health characteristics, especially in rural settings. These findings provide insight into which areas are in need of increased physiotherapy services.
Student and Preceptor Experiences at an Inter-Professional Student-Run Clinic: A Physical Therapy Perspective
Authors: Passmore Andrea , Persic Corey , Countryman Drew , Rankine Laura , Henderson Meghan , Hu Tina , Nyhof-Young Joyce , Cott Cheryl
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Student-run clinics (SRCs) provide a unique opportunity for inter-professional education; they prepare health care students for a collaborative future by enabling them to interact with other such students in a clinical setting focused on inter-professional learning and collaboration. Physical therapy (PT) students are increasingly being included in SRCs; however, most research on student experiences in SRCs has been carried out with medical students. This qualitative study explores the perceived benefits of the PT experience in an SRC through the lens of PT students and their preceptors. Method: A qualitative interpretive–descriptive approach consisting of face-to-face, semi-structured interviews was used. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Results: Seven PT students and eight preceptors who volunteered at the SRC between September 2013 and May 2015 participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) exposure to marginalized patient populations, (2) learning through inter-professional interactions, and (3) experience with different patient care approaches. Conclusions: Participating in an SRC enhances PT students' understanding of their and other health care professionals' roles. Students gained an appreciation for the social determinants of health and improved their knowledge of inter-professional collaboration. The knowledge gained from this study has the potential to inform PT professional development, SRCs, and PT education.
Heterogeneous Valuation of Quality Dimensions of Railway Freight Service by Chinese Shippers: Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Duan Liwei , Rezaei Jafar , Tavasszy Lóránt , Chorus Caspar
Published: September 2016

This paper operationalizes and tests approaches to identify market segments for rail freight services and measures the importance that customers attach to rail service attributes (i.e., transport cost, time, frequency, reliability, and safety). The approach is based on choice-based conjoint analysis in which heterogeneity is captured by means of latent-class analysis. The research is novel in several respects. First, it addresses the diverse valuation of service preferences by shippers who use rail transport. Second, besides estimates for rail users who contract for transport services, the analysis also arrives at new estimates for forwarders as immediate clients for rail services. Third, in addition to the conventional random utility maximization (RUM) model, the paper discusses trials with a random regret minimization (RRM) model and a hybrid RUM-RRM model. Finally, the research produces unique values for China, one of the largest rail transport markets in the world.
Field Experiments with Train Stopping Positions at Schiphol Airport Train Station in Amsterdam, Netherlands
Authors: van den Heuvel Jeroen
Published: September 2016

The train station beneath Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, is one of the fastest-growing ones in the country. Passenger growth has resulted in severe congestion at platforms, a situation that hinders passenger processes at the platform, particularly the boarding and alighting processes. This situation has a negative impact on station dwell times. Inefficient movement of pedestrian traffic at Schiphol Airport train station, a primary hub in the national railway network, has negative consequences for many trains and passengers in that network. In the short term, efficiency improvements are the only viable option to cope with passenger growth. An unfavorable stopping position for trains has been identified as a potential source of the inefficiency. The station layout causes concentrations of boarding passengers at doors in the front sections of trains. Because of these concentrations, the exchange of passengers and the station dwell times take longer at this station than necessary. Because existing research did not provide generalized insights, Netherlands Railways and Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands have conducted a series of field experiments. The main objective was to test whether adjustments of the train stopping position along the platform would result in lower station dwell times because of a more efficient process of passenger exchange. A slight adjustment of train stopping position resulted in a 20% decrease of station dwell times during peak demand and contributed to railway capacity. Moreover, dwell time variation decreased by approximately 50% and thereby promoted more robust train operations (punctuality).
Model for Optimal Selection of Projects to Improve Running Time and Operating Cost Efficiency on Passenger Rail Corridors
Authors: Tang Haichuan , Dick C. Tyler , Caughron Brennan M. , Feng Xiaoyun , Wang Qingyuan , Barkan Christopher P. L.
Published: September 2016

Recent proposals for expanded intercity passenger rail service in the United States have included plans for incremental improvements to existing Amtrak service. Improvements to existing services aim to accommodate faster and more frequent passenger train operation, generally on track owned and operated by freight railways. Various projects and approaches can be considered when the running time of passenger trains is being decreased on a particular corridor. Raising the maximum operating speed can yield different benefits on different sections of the route, and conditions on adjacent sections can interact. For instance, the marginal travel time benefit of improving segments of a line from a maximum speed of 79 to 110 mph is less than the benefit of other improvements to eliminate segments currently restricted to lower speeds. Therefore, to maximize the potential of limited resources, project investments must be selected carefully to improve performance in a cost-effective manner. This paper presents a methodology for optimally selecting projects or establishing program budgets to reduce running time on a passenger rail corridor with consideration of capital, maintenance, and operating costs. The proposed project selection model is formulated with genetic algorithms. In the model, a route is divided into sections that can be independently upgraded, and the objective function is formulated as minimization of running time along the route. This model can aid in quickly and efficiently developing a strategic plan for improving running time on passenger rail corridors.
Renewal and Development of Intercity Passenger Rail System: A Case of China
Authors: Ou Xinquan , Zhang Guohua , Chang Xiao Yun
Published: September 2016

China’s new intercity passenger rail system has been expanding at an impressive rate, with several thousand miles being constructed or put into operation annually; attesting to this enormous expansion is the cumulative ridership of billions of passengers. China’s rapid progress in its intercity passenger rail system has a global impact; sharing the experiences of high-speed rail has become a crucial diplomatic strategy for China, and the progress itself has engaged the interest of many countries in developing their intercity passenger rail systems. The case of China can shed light on the global development of intercity passenger rail systems from the perspective of systematic transformations of transit systems. This paper ( a) demonstrates the reasons behind China’s choice of constructing a comprehensive rail system and their impact on China’s development of its intercity passenger rail system and ( b) analyzes the level of development and the framework of the system. The paper then describes China’s national high-speed rail (HSR) system, regional intercity passenger rail system, and commuter rail system in detail and demonstrates the experiences and problems encountered in the course of development of the intercity passenger rail system by addressing ( a) the competition between HSR and air transportation, ( b) the regional economic impacts, ( c) the speed limits of regional intercity passenger rail systems, ( d) the impacts of the regional intercity passenger rail system on passenger flow along the lines, and ( e) the obstacles that the commuter rail systems face; and reflects upon these phenomena on the basis of statistical facts.
Adaptive Fuzzy Planning of Optimal Speed Profiles for High-Speed Train Operation on the Basis of a Pareto Set
Authors: ShangGuan Wei , Wang Juan , Sheng Zhao , Yu Xiao-Xuan , Cai Bai-Gen , Wang Jian
Published: September 2016

Today, one of the main concerns for railways administrations and operators is reducing energy consumption. Ecodriving design is one of the main approaches to reducing energy consumption with low levels of investment. In this paper, a Pareto set–based adaptive fuzzy approach to trajectory planning is proposed to generate energy-efficient speed profiles for high-speed train operation. First, the Pareto set for high-speed train operation is constructed by using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on differential evolution and simulated annealing. Second, by considering that the operational delays are variable because of the uncertainties of line conditions in practice, a system to control adaptive fuzzy predictions is proposed to regulate the coasting point dynamically so as to meet the requirements of punctuality and energy savings. The proposed approach decreases the energy consumption of high-speed trains mainly by changing the coasting point, a technique that make implementation easy and guarantees passenger comfort compared with frequent changes under different operating conditions. Finally, the proposed approach is analyzed by using real operational data from the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway line in China to assess energy savings and punctuality. The results of simulation illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Two-Train Trajectory Optimization with a Green-Wave Policy
Authors: Wang Pengling , Goverde Rob M. P.
Published: September 2016

The problem of train trajectory optimization of two successive trains on the same line is studied in this paper. The two-train optimal control problem is formulated by using the multiple-phase method of optimal control, in which the train schedules as well as train performance parameters and track gradients, curves and speed limits are taken into account. The objective is to ensure a smooth, safe, punctual, and energy-efficient train operation. A green-wave (GW) policy is adopted to ensure that the trains proceed safely under all green signals. Special objective functions and constraints are developed in case of train delays. The method is applied in a case study of two successive trains running on a railway line with various input delays showing the benefit of the GW policy and the ability of delay recovery.
Analysis of Collision Risk for Freight Trains in the United States
Authors: Liu Xiang
Published: September 2016

Railroads support the national economy by carrying 43% of intercity freight ton-miles in the United States. At the same time, train accidents damage infrastructure and rolling stock, disrupt operations, and may result in casualties and environmental damage. While the majority of previous studies focused on the safety risks associated with train derailments or highway–rail grade-crossing incidents, much less work has been undertaken to evaluate train collision risk. This paper develops a statistical methodology for risk analysis of freight train collisions in the United States occurring between 2000 and 2014. Negative binomial regression models were developed to estimate the frequency of freight train collisions as a function of year and traffic volume, both by track type and accident cause. Overall, the rate of train collisions declined in the study period on both main line and yard tracks. Severity of train collisions, as measured by the average number of railcars derailed, varied with the type of track and accident cause. “Train collision risk,” defined as the product of collision frequency and severity, is predicted for 2015 to 2017 on the basis of the safety trend in 2000 to 2014. The statistical procedures developed in this paper can be adapted to various other types of consequences, such as damage costs and casualties. Ultimately, this paper and its sequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with data analytics tools by which to discover useful information from historical accidents so as to make risk-informed safety decisions.
Fault Tree Analysis of Adjacent Track Accidents on Shared-Use Rail Corridors
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Saat Mohd Rapik , Barkan Christopher P. L.
Published: September 2016

Adjacent-track accidents (ATAs) have been identified as an important hazard on shared-use rail corridors. In these train accidents derailed railroad equipment intrudes on (fouls) an adjacent track, disrupts operations, and potentially causes a collision with trains operating on the fouled tracks. Derailments without intrusion may cause equipment and infrastructure damage, passenger casualties, and disturbances to system operation; however, an intrusion may be even more severe because of the potential involvement of multiple trains. Opportunities for ATAs have increased in recent years because of expanded passenger and transit service on freight railroad trackage, right-of-way, and corridors and because of increased multiple tracks related to capacity expansion projects. This paper presents a probabilistic risk assessment methodology for analyzing ATA risk. An event tree is created to identify scenarios for ATAs, and a fault tree analysis is performed to identify basic events that contribute to such accidents. The quantitative probability of an ATA is derived by using Boolean algebra on the basis of the results of the fault tree analysis.
Relationship between sensitization and magnetic characteristics in 304 stainless steel
Authors: Yanagiwara Hiroki , Murakami Takeshi , Kikuchi Hiroaki
Published: September 2016

We investigated the relationship between sensitization and magnetic characteristics of austenitic stainless steel with different composition. The saturation magnetization increased with increasing heat treatment time and the coercivity increases at first and then decreases for the specimens with higher carbon content. The changes in magnetic properties are not remarkable for the specimens with lower carbon content. The area where the chromium carbides formed yields chromium depletion zone and shows ferromagnetic properties. Chromium depletion zone induces martensitic transformation because the martensitic transformation temperature rises. The obtained results indicate that sensitization is detectable using magnetic measurement.
Numerical simulation of neural probe's insertion process into brain tissue
Authors: Zhang Wenguang , Ma Yakun , Li Zhengwei
Published: September 2016

During the process that neural probes are implanted, the insertion will cause acute injury of brain tissue and then trigger reactive responses, which may lead to degradation of the recording signals. In this paper, the process of neural probe's insertion into brain was simulated by developing a nonlinear finite element model. An element deletion method based on maximum shear stress criterion was utilized as the failure mechanism of brain tissue. It was found that as the wedge angle of the probe increases, the injury of brain tissue becomes larger. Besides, faster insertion speed leads to less tissue injury. The probe stiffness, however, gives a negligible effect on tissue injury. The results are helpful to minimize the insertion trauma based on optimal design of insertion parameters and neural probe physical characteristics.
Development of magnetically driven microvalve using photosensitive SU-8/Fe composite
Authors: Suzuki Junya , Terao Kyohei , Takao Hidekuni , Shimokawa Fusao , Oohira Fumikazu , Miyagawa Hayato , Suzuki Takaaki
Published: September 2016

We propose a magnetically driven microvalve made of negative photoresist SU-8 containing magnetic pure iron particles as a magnetically driven actuator and valve element. SU-8/Fe composite forms the magnetically driven component using a photolithography and wet etching. The composite valve element made of SU-8/Fe composite in the microchannel is rotated by the external magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The flow reduction ratio of about 44% and the pressure resistance of 4.6 kPa are experimentally measured on the prototype.
Detection of fatigue cracks under environmental effects using Bayesian statistical inference
Authors: Cai Chenning , Yan Gang , Tang Jianfei
Published: September 2016

This paper presents an experimental study for detecting fatigue cracks near a hole in an aluminium coupon under complex environment effects using guided waves and a Bayesian statistical inference method. Experimental set-up is established to simulate the combined conditions of temperature, load and vibration. PZT transducers are mounted on the coupon to excite and receive guided waves, and random samples of guided wave signals under different environmental conditions before and after cracking are recorded. After features of the guided wave signals in the frequency domain are extracted, a Bayesian interval hypothesis testing is employed to assess the feature differences of the two states to make inference that whether fatigue cracks exist or not and give a confidence level. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Precise Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of LAD Ostial Stenosis by Using Afzals Technique: An easy but Innovative Procedure
Authors: Rahman Afzalur , Ahmed Farhana , Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Uddin Syed Nasir , Rahman Md Zillur , Chowdhury Tariq Ahmed
Published: September 2016

Background: The ostial left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) lesion is an important target for coronary revascularization because its location subtends a large territory of myocardium. Ostial lesions have a reputation of being fibrotic, calcified, and relatively rigid. Greater degraees of rigidity and recoil resulted in lower acute gain and higher rates of target lesion revascularization (TLR) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In addition, procedural complications such as dissections, vessel closure and myocardial infarction were more frequent. Aim of the study was to evaluate a simple but innovative technique to deal with significant LAD ostial lesion.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2010 and February 2013. Patients with significant angiographic de novo ostial LAD artery stenoses were identified and screened for study eligibility. An ostial stenosis was defined as an angiographic narrowing of e 70% located within 3 mm of the vessel origin. Study included all consecutive patients with ostial lesions who underwent elective PCI and stent deployment. The study population consisted of 36 patients.Results: Among 36 patients 27 (75%) were male. mean age was 55.75 ± 8.07 years. 21 (58.3%) had diabetes, 15 (41.7%) hypertension, 21 (58.3%) hypercholesterolemia, 24 (66.66%) were smoker and 18 (50%) had F/H of CAD. Among them 6 (16.7%) had STEMI, 9 (25%) had NSTEMI, 12 (33.3%) had UA and 9 (25%) CSA. CAG showed 15 (41.7%) SVD, 15 (41.7%) DVD and 6 (16.7%) were TVD. LAD ostial stenosis were 83.16 ± 10.14%. Considering procedural characteristics, DES were 33 (91.7%) and BMS were 3 (8.3%). DES polymers were Evarolimus 15 (41.7%), Zotarolimus 12 (33.3%) and Biolimus 6 (16.7%). Mean stent length were 21.75 ± 8.07 mm. Mean stent diameter were 2.83 ± 0.28 mm. Minimum follow up time was 9 months and maximum follow up time was 44 months. There were no MACE but Angina (CCS II) were 2 (5.55%) and LVF (NYHA II) were 1(2.77%).Conclusion: Precise placement of LAD ostial stent is always challenging. Several technique applied but results not always satisfactory. Our strategies were precise location of stent implantation at ostium by adopting special technique of simultaneous balloon placement from distal LM to proximal LCX preventing unwanted stent movement during its placement and also properly guiding us for precise stent placement at the ostium. Parked balloon from distal LM to LCX will also be helpful for quick measure for any plaque shifting into LCX.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 9(1): 49-54
Racine Lighting Beckett
Authors: Revely-Calder Cal
Published: September 2016

Critics have recently begun to pay attention to the influence Jean Racine's plays had on the work of Samuel Beckett, noting his 1930–31 lectures at Trinity College Dublin, and echoes of Racine in early texts such as Murphy (1938). This essay suggests that as well as the Trinity lectures, Beckett's later re-reading of Racine (in 1956) can be seen as fundamentally influential on his drama. There are moments of direct allusion to Racine's work, as in Oh les beaux jours (1963), where the echoes are easily discernible; but I suggest that soon, in particular with Come and Go (1965), the characteristics of a distinctly Racinian stagecraft become more subtly apparent, in what Danièle de Ruyter has called ‘choix plus spécifiquement théâtraux’: pared-down lighting, carefully-crafted entries and exits, and visual tableaux made increasingly difficult to read. Through an account of Racine's dramaturgy, and the ways in which he structures bodily motion and theatrical talk, I suggest that Beckett's post-1956 drama can be better understood, as stage-spectacles, in the light of Racine's plays; both writers give us, in Myriam Jeantroux's phrase, the complicated spectacle of ‘un lieu à la fois désert et clôturé’. As spectators to Beckett's drama, by keeping Racine in mind we can come to understand better the limitations of that spectatorship, and how the later plays trouble our ability to see – and interpret – the figures that move before us.
The Universe in Leśniewski’s Mereology: Some Comments on Sobociński’s Reflections
Authors: Łyczak Marcin , Porwolik Marek , Świętorzecka Kordula
Published: September 2016

Stanisław Leśniewski’s mereology was originally conceived as a theory of foundations of mathematics and it is also for this reason that it has philosophical connotations. The ‘philosophical significance’ of mereology was upheld by Bolesław Sobociński who expressed the view in his correspondence with J.M. Bocheński. As he wrote to Bocheński in 1948: “[...] it is interesting that, being such a simple deductive theory, mereology may prove a number of very general theses reminiscent of metaphysical ontology”. The theses which Sobociński had in mind were related to the mereological notion of “the Universe”. Sobociński listed them in the letter adding his philosophical commentary but he did not give proofs for them and did not specify precisely the theory lying behind them. This is what we want to supply in the first part of our paper. We indicate some connections between the notion of the universe and other specific mereological notions. Motivated by Sobociński’s informal suggestions showing his preference for mereology over the axiomatic set theory in application to philosophy we propose to consider Sobociński’s formalism in a new frame which is the ZFM theory—an extension of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory by mereological axioms, developed by A. Pietruszczak. In this systematic part we investigate reasons of ’philosophical hopes’ mentioned by Sobociński, pinned on the mereological concept of “the Universe”.
Optimal Isolation Control of Three-Port Active Converters as a Combined Charger for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ling Zhixiang , Wang Hui , Yan Kun , Gan Jinhao
Published: September 2016

The three-port converter has three H-bridge ports that can interface with three different energy sources and offers the advantages of flexible power transmission, galvanic isolation ability and high power density. The three-port full-bridge converter can be used in electric vehicles as a combined charger that consists of a battery charger and a DC-DC converter. Power transfer occurs between two ports while the third port is isolated, i.e., the average power is zero. The purpose of this paper is to apply an optimal phase shift strategy in isolation control and provide a detailed comparison between traditional phase shift control and optimal phase shift control under the proposed isolation control scheme, including comparison of the zero-voltage-switching range and the root mean square current for the two methods. Based on this analysis, the optimal parameters are selected. The results of simulations and experiments are given to verify the advantages of dual-phase-shift control in isolation control.
Australian Modernists in London: William Dobell’s The Dead Landlord and Patrick White’s The Ham Funeral
Authors: Varney Denise
Published: September 2016

When Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973, it was primarily for his novels. Less well recognised is the significance of White’s dramatic literature and his involvement in the theatre. This article offers a new analysis of White’s first notable breakthrough into theatre and drama, The Ham Funeral, which he wrote in postwar London and which was produced in Adelaide in 1961. This article argues that a modernist idiom of 20th-century Australian drama can be found in this play that laid the groundwork for a poetics of language, image and theatricality. The play’s aesthetic modernism is found primarily in the blend of expressionist and surrealist elements, the poetic language, the alienated creative subject and the representation of sexuality and the unconscious. White’s thematics also become political, concerned with power, masculinity and gendered assumptions about rationality and emotion, poetry and the body. Having lived in London during the interwar years, White was also part of the networks that included Australian-born artists, and he was exposed to influences from visual arts as well as theatre. Of these, the artist William Dobell was central to the genesis of The Ham Funeral, as was the Polish-born modernist artist S. Ostoja-Kotkowski, who was critical to the design of the brooding expressionist set that set the standard for subsequent stage realisations of the play.
In Situ, High-Resolution Profiles of Labile Metals in Sediments of Lake Taihu
Authors: Wang Dan , Gong Mengdan , Li Yangyang , Xu Lv , Wang Yan , Jing Rui , Ding Shiming , Zhang Chaosheng
Published: September 2016

Characterizing labile metal distribution and biogeochemical behavior in sediments is crucial for understanding their contamination characteristics in lakes, for which in situ, high-resolution data is scare. The diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique was used in-situ at five sites across Lake Taihu in the Yangtze River delta in China to characterize the distribution and mobility of eight labile metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Co and Cd) in sediments at a 3 mm spatial resolution. The results showed a great spatial heterogeneity in the distributions of redox-sensitive labile Fe, Mn and Co in sediments, while other metals had much less marked structure, except for downward decreases of labile Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu in the surface sediment layers. Similar distributions were found between labile Mn and Co and among labile Ni, Cu and Zn, reflecting a close link between their geochemical behaviors. The relative mobility, defined as the ratio of metals accumulated by DGT to the total contents in a volume of sediments with a thickness of 10 mm close to the surface of DGT probe, was the greatest for Mn and Cd, followed by Zn, Ni, Cu and Co, while Pb and Fe had the lowest mobility; this order generally agreed with that defined by the modified BCR approach. Further analyses showed that the downward increases of pH values in surface sediment layer may decrease the lability of Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu as detected by DGT, while the remobilization of redox-insensitive metals in deep sediment layer may relate to Mn cycling through sulphide coprecipitation, reflected by several corresponding minima between these metals and Mn. These in situ data provided the possibility for a deep insight into the mechanisms involved in the remobilization of metals in freshwater sediments.
Diabetes and Hypertension Consistently Predict the Presence and Extent of Coronary Artery Calcification in Symptomatic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nicoll Rachel , Zhao Ying , Ibrahimi Pranvera , Olivecrona Gunilla , Henein Michael
Published: September 2016

Background: The relationship of conventional cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity, exercise, and the number of risk factors) to coronary artery calcification (CAC) presence and extent has never before been assessed in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We included only English language studies that assessed at least three conventional risk factors apart from age, gender, and ethnicity, but excluded studies in which all patients had another confirmed condition such as renal disease. Results: In total, 10 studies, comprising 15,769 patients, were investigated in the systematic review and seven studies, comprising 12,682 patients, were included in the meta-analysis, which demonstrated the importance of diabetes and hypertension as predictors of CAC presence and extent, with age also predicting CAC presence. Male gender, dyslipidaemia, family history of coronary artery disease, obesity, and smoking were overall not predictive of either CAC presence or extent, despite dyslipidaemia being a key risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Conclusion: Diabetes and hypertension consistently predict the presence and extent of CAC in symptomatic patients.
Comparison of Membrane Chromatography and Monolith Chromatography for Lactoferrin and Bovine Serum Albumin Separation
Authors: Teepakorn Chalore , Fiaty Koffi , Charcosset Catherine
Published: September 2016

These last few decades, membranes and monoliths have been increasingly used as stationary phases for chromatography. Their fast mass transfer is mainly based on convection, which leads to reduced diffusion, which is usually observed in resins. Nevertheless, poor flow distribution, which causes inefficient binding, remains a major challenge for the development of both membrane and monolith devices. Moreover, the comparison of membranes and monoliths for biomolecule separation has been very poorly investigated. In this paper, the separation of two proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lactoferrin (LF), with similar sizes, but different isoelectric points, was investigated at a pH of 6.0 with a BSA-LF concentration ratio of 2/1 (2.00 mg·mL−1 BSA and 1.00 mg·mL−1 LF solution) using strong cation exchange membranes and monoliths packed in the same housing, as well as commercialized devices. The feeding flow rate was operated at 12.0 bed volume (BV)/min for all devices. Afterward, bound LF was eluted using a phosphate-buffered saline solution with 2.00 M NaCl. Using membranes in a CIM housing from BIA Separations (Slovenia) with porous frits before and after the membrane bed, higher binding capacities, sharper breakthrough curves, as well as sharper and more symmetric elution peaks were obtained. The monolith and commercialized membrane devices showed lower LF binding capacity and broadened and non-symmetric elution peaks.
Testing the Suitability of a Terrestrial 2D LiDAR Scanner for Canopy Characterization of Greenhouse Tomato Crops
Authors: Llop Jordi , Gil Emilio , Llorens Jordi , Miranda-Fuentes Antonio , Gallart Montserrat
Published: September 2016

Canopy characterization is essential for pesticide dosage adjustment according to vegetation volume and density. It is especially important for fresh exportable vegetables like greenhouse tomatoes. These plants are thin and tall and are planted in pairs, which makes their characterization with electronic methods difficult. Therefore, the accuracy of the terrestrial 2D LiDAR sensor is evaluated for determining canopy parameters related to volume and density and established useful correlations between manual and electronic parameters for leaf area estimation. Experiments were performed in three commercial tomato greenhouses with a paired plantation system. In the electronic characterization, a LiDAR sensor scanned the plant pairs from both sides. The canopy height, canopy width, canopy volume, and leaf area were obtained. From these, other important parameters were calculated, like the tree row volume, leaf wall area, leaf area index, and leaf area density. Manual measurements were found to overestimate the parameters compared with the LiDAR sensor. The canopy volume estimated with the scanner was found to be reliable for estimating the canopy height, volume, and density. Moreover, the LiDAR scanner could assess the high variability in canopy density along rows and hence is an important tool for generating canopy maps.
The Non-Destructive Test of Steel Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Bridges Using a Micro-Magnetic Sensor
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liao Leng , Zhao Ruiqiang , Zhou Jianting , Yang Mao , Xia Runchuan
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a non-destructive test method for steel corrosion in reinforced concrete bridges by using a 3-dimensional digital micro-magnetic sensor to detect and analyze the self-magnetic field leakage from corroded reinforced concrete. The setup of the magnetic scanning device and the measurement mode of the micro-magnetic sensor are introduced. The numerical analysis model is also built based on the linear magnetic charge theory. Compared to the self-magnetic field leakage data obtained from magnetic sensor-based measurement and numerical calculation, it is shown that the curves of tangential magnetic field at different lift-off height all intersect near the edge of the steel corrosion zone. The result indicates that the intersection of magnetic field curves can be used to detect and evaluate the range of the inner steel corrosion in engineering structures. The findings of this work propose a new and effective non-destructive test method for steel corrosion, and therefore enlarge the application of the micro-magnetic sensor.
STELLAR NUCLEI AND INNER POLAR DISKS IN LENTICULAR GALAXIES
Authors: Sil’chenko Olga K.
Published: September 2016

I analyze statistics of the stellar population properties for stellar nuclei and bulges of nearby lenticular galaxies in different environments by using panoramic spectral data of the integral-field spectrograph SAURON retrieved from the open archive of the Isaac Newton Group. I also estimate the fraction of nearby lenticular galaxies having inner polar gaseous disks by exploring the volume-limited sample of early-type galaxies of the ATLAS-3D survey. By inspecting the two-dimensional velocity fields of the stellar and gaseous components with the running tilted-ring technique, I have found seven new cases of inner polar disks. Together with those, the frequency of inner polar disks in nearby S0 galaxies reaches 10%, which is much higher than the frequency of large-scale polar rings. Interestingly, the properties of the nuclear stellar populations in the inner polar ring hosts are statistically the same as those in the whole S0 sample, implying similar histories of multiple gas-accretion events from various directions.