bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COUPLED EFFECT OF VARIABLE WETTABILITY AND BODY FORCE ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH NANOCHANNELS: A MULTISCALE APPROACH
Authors: Chaudhuri Abhirup , Arya Vinay , Bakli Chirodeep
Published: September 2022

Fluid flow through sub-micron domains has been an area of active research in recent years with immense scientific and technological interests. Such flows can show deviation in behavior from the theories of classical hydrodynamics, thus opening up a new paradigm to exploit these unique effects in applications related to transport and detection. By performing extensive molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of fluid flow through a parallel plate nanochannel of non-uniform wetting characteristics, we bring out the coupled effect of surface wettability and applied body force on interfacial slip. Our results reveal distinctive slip-stick alteration which can be useful in designing channels with engineered effective slip. Moreover, in this study, we revisit a hybrid molecular-continuum multiscale model which can significantly reduce the computational cost of full-scale MD simulations and further provide a framework to discern the flow behavior for a wide spectrum of length scales. The results obtained from this study may provide useful insights, thus carrying immense implications towards designing of multifaceted nanoscale devices and futuristic smart surfaces.
Growth characteristics of shallots and absorption of Mg ions dissolved from serpentinites
Authors: Hung Fei-Shuo
Published: September 2022

Magnesium (Mg)-rich water or food is highly beneficial to human health. Shallots are used in cooking, have simple growth conditions and have a short growth cycle. In this study, natural serpentinite was ground into powder (particle size: 50–200 nm), heated at high temperatures (400 and 800°C) and then dissolved in water of different temperatures (25, 60 and 100°C) to prepare natural magnesium-containing water. The experimental results indicated that natural serpentine minerals contain magnesium silicate, which has ionic properties and a high electrical conductivity. The dissolution of magnesium ions increased with the temperature of the distilled water. The heat-treated powder displayed higher crystallinity. However, the dissolution of magnesium was lower for the solution containing the powder heated to 800°C than for the solution containing the powder heated to 400°C. The 400°C powder exhibited favorable crystallinity and a low level of impurities, and its interlayer spacing did not change. The shallots grown with natural magnesium-containing water (magnesium shallots) had a high concentration of magnesium ions in their white and green parts. Such shallots can be provided by food platforms, and eating such shallots can help one meet the daily magnesium intake requirement of 300 mg/l for humans.
Impacts of sea level rise on wave overtopping rates around the coast of England
Authors: Hames Dominic P. , Vidal Isabel , Gouldby Ben P.
Published: September 2022

There is unequivocal evidence that global sea levels are rising. It is therefore inevitable there will be socioeconomic impacts as a result of this. To aid mitigation, and the implementation of adaptation measures, it is vital the magnitude of the potential impact is quantified. Current approaches in the UK make simplifying assumptions regarding the relationship between present-day and future economic damage relating to coastal flood risk. The analysis undertaken here supports studies of an improved impact of sea level rise by providing national-scale estimates of changes in wave overtopping rates and flood defence overflow rates, as a result of different amounts of sea level rise. The analysis involves the application of components of an existing risk-based coastal flood risk analysis method. A subset of almost 600 flood defence assets around the country has been analysed for sea level rise rates up to 1 m. The resulting analysis shows that, on average, the wave overtopping rate increases by up to 150 times above present-day rates for lower return periods and by up to five times for higher return periods. This differential arises as a result of non-linearities in overtopping rates with increasing extreme sea levels.
Spatially resolved mapping of hydrogel stiffness during enzymatic degradation
Authors: Strong Nathan , Pungor Andras , Hlady Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The atomic force microscopy force–volume technique was used to investigate the surface properties of two hydrogels during their enzymatic degradation. Agarose gels with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% w/v were selected for the degradation study to show that the mechanical effects of degradation could be measured in a spatially resolved way on the hydrogel surface. The agarase enzyme was used to degrade the agarose gels. The agarose gels were found to be heterogeneous with multiple stiffness domains that were degraded at different erosion rates. It was inferred that agarose gels contained both tightly and loosely packed regions. The loosely packed regions degraded first, followed by the regions that were packed more tightly. The second hydrogels containing hyaluronic acid and gelatin with 5% w/v hyaluronic acid and 5% w/v gelatin cross-linked in equal amounts were also studied. These hybrid gels were degraded either by using hyaluronidase or collagenase type IV. With hyaluronidase, gelatin was left on the surface as a homogeneous layer. With collagenase, cross-linked hyaluronic acid remained on the surface. Post-degradation the hyaluronic acid-rich surface had a stiffness of ∼20 kPa, while the gelatin-rich surface stiffness was only ∼15 kPa.
Inflectional classes in Kipsigis
Authors: Kouneli Maria
Published: September 2022

In this paper, I provide a description and analysis of conjugation classes in Kipsigis (Nilotic; Kenya). While traditional descriptions discuss two conjugation classes, I show that the morphophonological properties of Class II can be reduced to the presence of a moraic affix spelling out a verbalizing head (little v in theories like DM). On the semantic side, I show that Class II is primarily used for causative verbs, and I identify the verbalizing head as vCAUSE. The analysis highlights three properties of inflectional classes that are relevant for their analysis cross-linguistically: i) there is a close (historical or synchronic) connection between conjugation classes and transitivity, ii) what looks like a conjugation class can be reduced to the spellout of a verbalizing head, iii) there is an asymmetry between nouns and verbs for a number of languages: verbs tend to have fewer inflectional classes than nouns. Finally, the analysis of the Kipsigis facts contributes to a growing body of literature on mora affixation in Nilotic and beyond (e.g., Trommer & Zimmermann 2014), and it shows that such abstract representations in combination with regular phonology are sufficient to derive apparently complex morphophonological alternations. 
Os diversos sentidos da falta: relato de experiência de estágio em contexto socioeducativo
Authors: Gonçalves Naiana Marinho , Palazin Natanael Alexandre , Santos Sophia Borges e
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo constitui sistematização de sínteses reflexivas sobre atuações possíveis da psicologia em contexto escolar. Estas reflexões foram produzidas a partir de práticas em uma disciplina de Estágio Básico (curricular obrigatória), desenvolvida em uma turma de educação infantil, em uma unidade educacional do município de Cuiabá, durante o terceiro semestre do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso. A inserção dos estagiários no âmbito escolar, para a realização da pesquisa qualitativa, com crianças de quatro a cinco anos, foi delineada orientando-se pela observação participante (Martins, 1996), tendo como um modelo de conduta a postura de adulto atípico (Corsaro, 2005). O período de observação participante permitiu que os estudantes escutassem as crianças e identificassem alguns temas que se repetiam - como morte, esquecimento e derrota-os quais foram agrupados e nomeados, didaticamente, enquanto “falta”. Como método de trabalho, foi proposto no projeto de intervenção, a construção de oficinas socioafetivas (Andrade, 2019), que serviram como uma ferramenta metodológica de mediação, e potencialização, de novas hipóteses advindas das crianças, sobre o contexto que as cercavam. Objetiva-se, então, com o relato de experiência, descrever a inserção dos discentes no campo e debater as contribuições desta prática ao processo de formação do psicólogo.
Brief notes on newly discovered teeth of the hybodontiform shark Strophodus dunaii (Szabó et Főzy, 2020)
Authors: Szabó Márton
Published: September 2022

Genus Strophodus has been considered as a junior synonym of genus Asteracanthus for a long time. Th e discovery of an articulated skeleton of Asteracanthus ornatissimus resurrected the genus Strophodus, which is recommended to include all species previously referred to Asteracanthus, except for those described by isolated dorsal fi n spines. Th is stands for Strophodus dunaii comb. nov. as well, which was established for isolated tooth remains. A new tooth and casts of several previously unknown teeth referable to this species are described here in detail. Notes on future tooth wear pattern analyses in Strophodus spp. are also discussed. With 19 fi gures.
The knowledge and attitudes of South African-based runners regarding the use of analgesics during training and competition
Authors: Thorpe Rowan , Blockman Marc , Talberg Heather , Burgess Theresa
Published: September 2022

Background: The use of analgesics is prevalent in runners, with the associated potential for serious harm. However, there is limited information regarding runners’ knowledge and attitudes towards the use of analgesics in relation to running.
Objectives: To describe South African-based runners’ knowledge and attitudes regarding running-related analgesic use.
Methods: This study has a descriptive, cross-sectional design. South African-based runners, over the age of 18 who ran at least one race in the year preceding the study were included in this study. Participants completed an online questionnaire, including sections on demographic information, training and competition history, pain medication use, and knowledge and attitudes regarding running-related analgesic use.
Results: Data from 332 participants were analysed. Attitudes regarding the use of analgesics in relation to running were generally positive; however, knowledge was poor, with only 20% of participants achieving adequate knowledge scores (75% or above). Very few (n=49; 15%) had both adequate knowledge and positive attitudes, with most respondents (n=188; 58%) having inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes. Negative attitudes towards the use of analgesics were found to increase the odds of running-related analgesic use (OR 2.32; 95% CI:1.31-4.11).
Conclusion: Knowledge regarding running-related use of analgesics was inadequate. Despite a lack of knowledge, attitudes were positive. Participants displayed positive attitudes towards safe practice regarding running-related analgesic use, but these did not translate into good practice. Targeted interventions are required to educate runners and improve their knowledge of all the effects associated with running-related analgesic use.
Recreational water illness in Canada: a changing risk landscape in the context of climate change
Authors: Young Ian , Sanchez J. Johanna , Tustin Jordan
Published: September 2022

Swimming and other recreational water activities at public beaches are popular outdoor leisure activities among Canadians. However, these activities can lead to increased risks of acquiring acute gastrointestinal illness and other illnesses among beachgoers. Young children have much higher rates of exposure and illness than other age groups. These illnesses have a significant health and economic burden on society. Climate change is expected to influence both the risk of exposure and illness. A warming climate in Canada, including more severe summer heatwave events, will likely lead to increased recreational water use. Warmer temperatures will also contribute to the growth and increased range of harmful algal blooms and other climate-sensitive pathogens. Increased precipitation and heavy rainfall events will contribute to fecal and nutrient contamination of beach waters, increasing risks of gastrointestinal illness and harmful algal bloom events. There is a need to enhance recreational water research and surveillance in Canada to prepare for and adapt to these changing risks. Key research and policy needs are suggested and discussed, including evaluating and monitoring risks of recreational water illness in Canadian contexts, improving timely reporting of recreational water quality conditions, and enhancing approaches for routine beach water surveillance.
TOWARDS ACHIEVING “TWO PARALLEL OBJECTIVES” DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN VIETNAM: A RESPONSE STRATEGIES ANALYSIS
Authors:   National University of Civil Engineering,, Hanoi, Vietnam, Van Tam Nguyen
Published: September 2022

Vietnam has been suffering and will most likely continue to suffer from the devastating effects of COVID-19 on health, economy, and society in the coming months and years. This study aims to analyze key response strategies against this pandemic in the Vietnamese context. The findings indicated that primary factors have contributed to preventing the COVID-19 success, including a well-developed public health system, a decisive central government, and a proactive containment strategy based on comprehensive testing, tracing, and quarantining. Consequently, Vietnam is trying to achieve “two parallel objectives” during COVID-19; the first goal is pandemic prevention and control in order to protect community health, and the second one is socio-economic recovery and development. This study analyzed the eight primary strategies of the Vietnamese government in order to achieve these “two parallel goals” during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a postCOVID-19 socio-economic response and recovery framework including five strategic pillars was recommended. These findings are expected to provide useful insights for developing appropriate intervention strategies in Vietnam and other similar countries worldwide.
A QUALITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR PUBLIC SERVICES BASED ON INTERNAL INDICATORS
Authors:   University of Brasilia, Pedrosa Glauco Vitor , Figueiredo Rejane Maria da Costa ,   University of Brasilia
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the development and validation of a questionnaire-based model to assess the quality of services provided by public institutions based on internal service variables. This model comprises four latent factors (Systems, Human Resources, Regulation and Relationship) that allow analyzing a set of 19 managerial variables involved in the perception of quality from the point of view of managers. The developed methodology was based on an empirical study that was statistically validated for the Brazilian federal public services, with the collaboration of the Digital Government Secretariat of the Ministry of Economy, which carried out a data collection survey with 289 services from 52 Brazilian public institutions. The model allows a standardization in the planning of the internal processes of the public services offered, with vision and administrative rationalization strategies to be adopted to optimize the quality offered by the services.
THE READINESS OF INDONESIAN MILLENNIALS TO ACCEPT E-FILING TAX REPORTS SERVICES
Authors:   Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Alkausar Bani , Kristanto Damar , Kristanto Damar ,   Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Nugroho Yanuar ,   Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Soemarsono Prinintha Nanda ,   Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Pangesti Nitami Galih ,   Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

The phenomenon of demographic bonus is one of the opportunities to increase tax revenues since the increase in productive age population will be inversely proportional to the increase in the number of taxpayers in the future. The problem facing the government is still the same, the lack of tax compliance and tax awareness among the taxpayers. One of the services in the field of taxation which is provided by the government, the Directorate General of Taxes, is the online based facility to report taxes through an e-filing system. However, it seems that many millennials, as the successors of the nation’s next-generation, do not utilize the e-filing system well. The current study sought to examine the acceptance process of e-filing technology among the millennials. This study used a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as the research instrument. The population of the study was people who were in the age of millennials, namely those who were between 20 and 40 years old in 2021. The results show that the factors of innovativeness of the millennials are a crucial factor that suggests that e-filing is not difficult to be implemented. Nevertheless, the findings also revealed that there is a risk factor that prevents them from using e-filing. It cannot be denied that millennials may technically not find any problems with the systems implemented. Although the current study showed the implementation of the TAM theory in e-filing issues, there are some limitations. The current study did not show whether there is a difference between the millennials’ behaviour of the acceptance of e-filing and their high or low incomes or their lifestyle.
HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING PROCESS WITH THE IMPACT OF THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Sakarya University, Yılmaz Canan
Published: September 2022

As a result of the new approach to public management, a change in human resources planning has gained momentum. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the theoretical changes in the practices of the new public management approach, particularly in human resources planning. In this context, the primary purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the New Public Management approach on Human Resources Planning. This study used a qualitative method. The data was derived from semi-structured interviews and secondary data sources. The semi-structured interviews included 12 administrative managers selected by the snowball-sampling method. The data were analysed using content analysis. In the light of our findings, it is evident that the Norm Staff approach is inadequate compared to the new human-oriented, flexible managerial approach. To cope with the inadequacy of Norm Staff, it is recommended to implement HRP processes consisting of HRP scope. The study is original in three respects. Firstly, while the other studies in the literature describe the Norm Staff approach, this work provides a critical perspective on it. Secondly, the relationship between the New Public Management approach and Human Resource Planning has not been explored in other studies. In this regard, the study pioneers the field. Finally, a new process that consists of different phases in HRP has been proposed. This new process is different from what has been suggested in previous studies.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM CITRATE TAKEN WITH EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION, AEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND FACILIATION LEVEL
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Nehir , YALÇIN Seda , BEYLEROĞLU Malik , HAYKIR Özgür , GENÇ Halil İbrahim
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of magnesium citrate taken together with exercise on body composition, aerobic performance and fatigue level. Method: 34 volunteer sedentary women (age = 47.14  5.32) living in Sakarya province participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into four groups. Participants were subjected to diet and magnesium citrate programs along with step aerobic exercise for 8 weeks. During the training, the experimental groups applied their own magnesium citrate supplements and healthy nutrition diets. Participants' body weight, muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), TBW (kg), BKI (%) values, Test duration with Bruce Protocol, blood lactate µL, RPE (perceived difficulty level) and aerobic exercise with bioelectrical impedance analyzer performance measurements were taken. The obtained data were used in the SPSS 23.0 package program, with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The confidence interval was chosen as 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: As a result of the data obtained, significant differences were determined in the body composition, aerobic performance and lactate measurement values of the participants according to the groups, measurement times and group time interaction. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that sedentary women had improvements in body composition, aerobic performance and fatigue levels.
FRACTAL CHANGE OF FACADES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO ARCHITECTURAL PERIODS
Authors: YILDIZ Aslı , DİNÇ KALAYCI Pınar
Published: September 2022

In this study, using fractal analysis method, high-rise buildings from different historical periods are analyzed according to a) silhouette and (b) form+ornament+material variables. Purpose: The hypothesis of the study; although tall buildings are often criticized as monotonous and simple glass boxes, it is on the idea that buildings have a high variety and richness of detail when measured numerically. Method: In this direction, eight architectural periods were determined for tall buildings and fractal analyzes were carried out on five well-known structures belonging to each period. Results: All evaluated structures had low fractal values in terms of silhouette variable (DS) and high fractal values in terms of form+ornament+material variable (DFOM). The period with the lowest value in terms of facade detail is the International Period, while the period with the highest value is the Free Form Period. In terms of the detail of the building silhouette, the Technological Period stands out. Conclusion: Contrary to popular belief, tall buildings are rather complex and diverse structures, rather than monotonous and uniform glass boxes. Tall building designs will continue to be important in the future as more complex and diverse structures.
Türkiye’de orman mühendisliği eğitimi ve KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Cantürk
Published: September 2022

Türkiye’de ormancılık eğitimi 1857 yılında Tassy tarafından İstanbul’da kurulan orman okulu ile başlamıştır. Bu okul 1880 yılında maden okulu ile birleştirilmiş ve mezun olanlara ilk kez “orman mühendisi” ünvanı verilmeye başlanılmıştır. 1893-1910 döneminde ziraat okulu bünyesinde sürdürülen ormancılık eğitimi 1910 yılında “orman mektebi alisi” adıyla yeniden bağımsızlığını kazanmıştır. 1934 yılında orman mektebi alisi Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü (YZE) (Ankara) bünyesinde bir fakülteye dönüştürülmüştür. Bu süreçte orman mühendisleri 1870 orman nizamnamesi hükümleri çerçevesinde oluşturulan ormancılık düzeni çerçevesinde görev yapmaktadırlar. Nizamname ile devlet ormanları bir mukavele ile özel kesime verilen izin çerçevesinde işletilmektedir. Orman mühendisleri bu mukaveleleri hazırlamakta, işlemlerin mukaveleye uygunluğunu denetlemekte, devletin alması gereken ondalığın hesabını yapmakta ve ormanların korunmasını sağlamaktadır. Yani doğrudan ormanların işletilmesi işiyle ilgilenmemektedirler. Yaptıkları görevin karşılığında da kendilerine “orman müfettişi” denilmektedir. 1937 yılında ormanların tahribine yol açan bu işletmecilik düzeni değiştirilmiştir. Artık ormanları devlet işletecektir. Ancak orman mühendisleri orman işletmeciliğini bilmemektedir. Bu nedenle ilk kurulan orman işletmelerine “örnek işletme” adı verilmiş ve bu işletmeler birer hizmet içi eğitim kurumu gibi görev görmüştür. Orman Fakültesi ise eğitim programlarını artık işletmeciliği de içerecek şekilde değiştirmiştir. Orman mühendisleri ise şimdiki adı “orman işletme şefi” olan “orman bölge şefi” unvanı ile görev yapmaya başlamıştır. 1948 yılında YZE kapatılmıştır. Orman Fakültesi İstanbul Üniversitesi’ne bağlanmıştır. 1971 yılına kadar ormancılık (orman mühendisliği) eğitimi sadece İstanbul Üniversitesi bünyesinde yürütülmüştür. 1971 yılında Trabzon’da 1992 yılından itibaren de ülkenin 10 ayrı yerinde daha yeni orman fakülteleri açılmıştır. Böylece orman mühendisliği eğitimi veren kurumların sayısı 12’ye yükselmiştir.
The scientific apporaches to the essence of the military officialas integrity
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prylipko М.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to defining the essence of scientific approaches to the integrity of military officials. The rationale is given that the existence of a large number of evaluation categories in the concept of integrity greatly complicates the implementation of the practical task of assessing the level of integrity of officials. The task of law in such conditions should be to determine the external manifestations of a person's behavior in accordance with the dichotomy "lawful behavior – violation of legal prescriptions". The role of law in establishing the essence and specific criteria of integrity is decisive. The opportunity arises due to the objectification of the requirements for integrity in regulatory legal acts to create a model of the lawful behavior of a serviceman and fix those deviations from it that are manifestations of non-virtuous behavior. The article determines that these manifestations may or may not form the composition of independent torts, the responsibility for which is provided for by the norms of criminal law, as well as legislation on administrative and disciplinary offenses. The article found that the ability to implement the principles of integrity largely depends on at what stage of military service the corresponding activity begins. Therefore, in order to develop well-established skills of respectable behavior of military personnel in the system of military education, various forms of classes should be more actively introduced, the purpose of which is to understand the moral standards of the profession. The conclusion is drawn that at present several scientific approaches to the essence of the concept of "integrity" have been formed, which were developed by representatives of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and legal sciences. Depending on the methodology of each field of scientific knowledge, attention is paid to individual aspects of integrity, which can be investigated by the instrumental methods of each science. Of these approaches, legal science plays a decisive role, which is due to the following. Firstly, in law there is the possibility of normative and legal consolidation of the obligatory observance of the requirements of integrity at the level of special acts – codes of professional ethics, which are of a complex moral and legal nature. Secondly, it is in law that there is a model of lawful behavior, a deviation from which constitutes a violation of the requirements for the integrity of a military official. Thirdly, it is the law that governs the legal responsibility of officials, which makes it possible to impose sanctions for specific violations of the requirements of integrity. And, fourthly, the principle of legal certainty inherent in jurisprudence makes it possible to maintain a sufficient degree of objectivity to determine the boundaries of the virtuous behavior of military officials.
Modern legal doctrine of civilians protection in the armed conflicts
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Tarnopolova М.
Published: September 2022

The article examines the protection of civilians in armed conflict and its main components, through the perspective of modern legal doctrine. The urgency of the formation of legal doctrine is related to the development of European integration processes taking place in Ukraine, in order to bring the national legal system closer to international humanitarian law and human rights law in efforts to stop and prevent the escalation and resumption of armed conflicts, enhancement counter-terrorism and prevention of violent extremism. The importance of legal doctrine in the lawmaking process and the necessity to develop domestic legal doctrine of protection of civilians in armed conflicts as a source of convincing nature for bodies of legislative and executive power, as to form a legal system of protection of civilians in armed conflicts, taking into account "state's elements of responsibility for protection ". It was stated that the concept of "Responsibility for protection" is a political and legal obligation based on the principles of international law and international human rights treaties, and the framework documents on the protection of civilians, which has already been adopted by a number of States, are based on best practices and define clear institutional powers and responsibilities for the protection of civilians and civilian objects during the conduction of military actions, and will intensify their efforts to implement human rights priorities in the future. The division of protection of civilians in armed conflict is divided into four concepts depending on the subjects (actors) involved in the protection of non-combatants and giving their characteristics.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLASSES – A MODEL FOR THE STABILITY EVALUATION OF THE VITRIFIED RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Authors:   State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine, Lytvynenko Yu. , Melnychenko Т. ,   State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine, Kadoshnikov V. ,   State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkapenko V. ,   State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

This article presents the possibility of usage of the archaeological glasses to predict the behavior of radionuclides incorporated into the glass matrix, under the conditions of the underground storage during prolonged contact with the groundwater. Archaeological glasses, whose age is more than two thousand years old, selected from the cultural horizon of the archaeological reserve "Olvia" were examined. A gel layer was formed on the surface of the glass prolonged contact with the soil, on the outer surface of which layered aluminosilicates are formed. The formation of a protective layer of the glass occurs by the mechanism of the incongruent dissolution. It has been experimentally established that alkaline and alkaline earth cations (Na, Ca), partially silicon and iron, are intensively removed into the soil during leaching from the glass, with the practical immobility of aluminum. Simulation of glass fracture was performed in Soxhlet extractors under conditions of continuous exposure to hot water (t = 75–80 °C) saturated with carbon dioxide for 6 months. The change in the rate of components removal from the glass is connected with an increase in the thickness of the "locking" gel layer, the thickness of which increases over time. Cyclic changes in the dissolution rate of the glass are connected with the partial destruction of the gel layer due to the increase in thickness of the gel layer and, accordingly, a decrease in the adhesion of the gel to the glass. The results of the aluminosilicate (archaeological) glasses fracture study and their comparison with the results of the borosilicate glasses fracture study indicate that archaeological glasses can be a model for the predicting of the behavior in natural conditions of the glass matrices intended for radioactive waste volume reduction for centuries.
Triad matter –- substance – material
Authors:   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubin Sergey P.
Published: September 2022

An essay on the philosophical aspects of materials science in the absence of a modern philosophical category "material" is presented. The features of the categories "substance" and "material" are considered, which express the distinctive properties of the corresponding objects of nature - the formlessness of the substance and the proper form of the material, the size of the particles of the substance and the structural form of the material. Substance-material mutual transformations, their energy aspects, a certain conditionality of the substance-material boundary, and adequate filling of the corresponding categories are analyzed. Also noted is the virtual reality of the elements of the structure of matter and material, its dependence on the distorting influence of experimental tools. The prospects of translating the regularities of matter-material transformation to extraterrestrial objects are noted.
Mid-term results of open transaortic implantation of the «MedLab-CT» prosthesis: prospective clinical study
Authors: Bazylev Vladlen V. , Voevodin Andrey A. , Slastin Yaroslav S. , Kuznetsova Alena A. , Patel Mihir P.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To evaluate the mid-term clinical and hemodynamic results of open transaortic implantation of the balloon-expandable prosthesis MedLab-CT in patients with high surgical risk.
Material and methods. The study included 41 patients (mean age 65.711.7 years) who underwent open implantation of the MedLab-CT (MedInzh, Russia) aortic valve (AV) prosthesis under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia, belonging to the cohort of high surgical risk according to the data EuroSCORE II scale, with critical symptomatic aortic stenosis, high functional class according to the classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA). All studied patients had clinical indications for transcatheter AV replacement, however, given the concomitant surgical pathology of the heart (critical multivessel coronary artery disease unsuitable for endovascular treatment and/or damage to other valves), as well as the morphological features of the aortic root (low location coronary artery ostia relative to the annulus fibrosus of the AV, large calcifications of the coronary cusps according to computed tomography, with a high risk of ostium occlusion), they were denied a minimally invasive procedure. The incidence of adverse clinical events and hemodynamic parameters of the AV prosthesis in the medium-term period were assessed.
Results. The average follow-up period was 13.1 months, the maximum was 3 years. Mortality 2.4% (n=1), there were no cases of stroke. The average gradient in the long-term period on AK MedLab-CT is 8.53.1 mm Hg. Paravalvular regurgitation above grade 2 and transvalvular regurgitation were not detected. Thus, no cases of dysfunction of the aortic prosthesis were noted.
Conclusion. In the medium term, satisfactory clinical and hemodynamic results of open implantation of the MedLab-CT balloon-expandable prosthesis were obtained in high surgical risk patients.
Mortality trends in indigenous working-age population of the Koryak Okrug and the population of the Arctic monotown in 1968–1991
Authors: Talykova Liudmila V. , Megorsky Vladimir V. , Bykov Vladimir R.
Published: September 2022

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the primary indicators and main causes of mortality of the indigenous small-number peoples of the North (ISNPN) of the Koryak Okrug. We studied peoples of working age and the impact of various factors on the generalized mortality rates of the regional population. We then compared these mortality rates with those of the same age categories of the nonindigenous immigrant population of Kirovsk, an industrial city, with high mortality rate in a highly urbanized region of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (Murmansk Oblast). Kirovsk has similar natural and climatic conditions but significant differences in the level of socioeconomic development, based on published scientific sources that study such mortality and socioeconomic trends during current times.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the official death registrations archived in the Regional Government Registry Offices of three districts of the Koryak Okrug (3720 records) and the city of Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast (2394 records) for the years from 1968 to 1991. The average annual mortality rates per 100 thousand of the studied population aged from 20 to 59 years were calculated based on the All-Union USSR Population Census of 1979+. The resulting indicators were standardized according to European standards.
RESULTS: The calculation of generalized regional mortality rates adopted in official statistics does not give a realistic model for the mortality rate and main causes of death of the ISNPN. Mortality rates of the ISNPN significantly exceeded similar indicators of the nonindigenous immigrant population in all classes of diseases. The maximum contribution to mortality rates of the ISNPN comes from the high level of addictive alcoholization, which causes death both as a result of its direct toxic effects, and indirectly, by being the cause of murders, suicides and accidents. Currently, obtaining data for calculating the population mortality rates of ISNPN poses significant difficulties and requires specially prepared and structured statistical diagnostic studies.
Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex cells in normal and experimental dioxin poisoning
Authors: Salnikova Marina M. , Yakovleva Anastasia I. , Saitov Vadim R. , Golubev Anatoliy I.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Currently, the treatment of dioxin intoxication is only symptomatic as there are no developed methods of therapy for it. Therefore, various manifestations of the effect of dioxin on biological objects of animal origin are being actively studied.
AIM: The study of the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of rats in normal and experimental poisoning with dioxin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the ultrastructure of the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex of rats of the control and experimental groups that were chronically exposed to small doses of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or TCDD). Morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the length of synaptic clefts, the number of synapses per unit area, the thickness of the myelin layer of the processes, and the number of wrappers of myelin sheaths.
RESULTS: The pathology of neurons was observed both at the optical and ultrastructural levels. It was characterized by a decrease in nuclei, cell death, thinning of myelin sheaths, and demyelination. There was a significant positive correlation between dose of poisoning and the degree of destruction of neurons. The number of synaptic contacts decreased with an increase in their average length.
CONCLUSIONS: Demyelination, impaired cellular respiration, and destruction of synaptic contacts indicated the ability of dioxin to indirectly cause accelerated aging of neurons and their death (apoptosis).
Psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies in people with disability and traumatic spinal cord injury with different levels of neuropsychiatric adaptation
Authors: Khokhlova Olga I. , Vasilchenko Elena M.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:Despite the multitude of publications on the mechanisms of psychological adaptation in people with spinal and spinal cord injuries, there is a shortage of complex studies that explore the features of these mechanisms depending on the level of neuropsychic adaptation.
AIM:This study aimed to explore the relationships between the mechanisms of psychological adaptation and the level of neuropsychic adaptation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.
Material and methods:Altogether, 80 patients with 3 years of traumatic spinal cord injury were examined: 65 (81.2%) were men, and 15 (18.8%) were women. The mean age was 37.511.61 years, and 46 (57.5%) patients had paraplegia and 34 (42.5%) had tetraplegia. The level of neuropsychic adaptation was determined using the I.N. Gurvich test: a person is considered psychologically adapted if the sum score ranges from 0 to 20, and a person is considered maladapted if the sum score is 20. Psychological defense mechanisms were assessed using the Lifestyle Index of PlutchikKellerman. To determine strategies for coping with stress, we used the Ways of Coping Questionnaire of Folkman and Lazarus.
Results:According to the findings, 64.6% of the participants had manifestations of neuropsychiatric maladaptation due to aspects of personality development and personal background. Psychologically maladapted individuals had a higher intensity of defense mechanisms (regression, compensation/identification, substitution, and projection) and coping strategies (escapeavoidance, search for social support, and confrontation). Positive correlations were found between the total index of defense intensity and levels of maladaptive coping (escapeavoidance, confrontation, distancing, acceptance of responsibility, and self-control).
Conclusion:People with traumatic spinal cord disease and symptoms of neuropsychiatric maladaptation tend to have a combination of an increased level of tension of psychological defenses with the actualization of regression, substitution, compensation/identification, and projection. People with traumatic spinal cord disease were also found to have a preference for coping strategies aimed primarily at avoiding the problem and reducing emotional discomfort.
Identification of clinical and rehabilitation groups among patients with cervical tetraplegia
Authors: Bushkov Fedor A , Razumov Aleksandr Nicolaevich , Sichinava Nino V.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury at the cervical level often leads to a severe neurological deficit, such as tetraplegia (International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury) and gross functional disorders. Currently, methods of differentiated rehabilitation strategy are developed, taking into account the needs of the patients.
AIMS:This study aimed to examine the clinical heterogeneity of patients with a cervical injury and to form appropriate clinical and rehabilitation groups based on common relevant rehabilitation goals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:We examined 190 patients with severe cervical myelopathy C4D1level aged 1860 years in whom changes in clinical and functional status were monitored for 57 years. The rehabilitation program was standardized and based on existing national clinical guidelines for physical rehabilitation in patients with spinal cord injuries.
RESULTS:The greatest changes were in patients with motor levels C6and C7.Patients with cervical tetraplegia, according to the criterion of functional and motor homogeneity, can be divided into four clinical and rehabilitation groups: patients with a high level of damage to C4C6(functionally dependent), patients with a low level of damage to C7D1(functionally independent), patients with complete motor damage (types A and B), and patients with incomplete motor damage (types C and D).
CONCLUSIONS:The allocation of clinical and rehabilitation groups allows the prediction of the results and outcomes of rehabilitation. A timely rehabilitation prognosis can improve the quality of life of patients with cervical tetraplegia and their families and contribute to their timely adaptation to society.
A Temporary Broadband Seismic Array in the Largest Desert of China: TASTE
Authors: Zuo Sicheng , Li Shilin , Feng Yongge , Qiu Daqiong , Liu Daiqin , Li Wentao , Wang Guanzhi , Guo Zhen , Ge Zengxi , Zhang Chen , Chen Yongshun John , Wang Gaochun , Guo Gaoshan , Wu Zimu , Ren Pengfei , Liang Xiaofeng
Published: September 2022

In early Permian, a mantle plume heated up the Tarim block and formed the Tarim large igneous province. It is an interesting phenomenon to explore the interaction between mantle plume and a thick continent lithosphere, because mantle plume has been proposed to be an important route of material and energy transportation in the earth. Currently, the Tarim block is surrounded by Tibetan plateau to its south edge and Tian Shan orogeny to its north edge. The combined effects of both mantle plume activity and plate tectonics should have significantly changed the structure and composition of the Tarim block because of its amalgamations in Neoproterozoic. Seismic imaging plays a key role on revealing the deep structure of the Earth, which could help unravel the questions mentioned before. However, the harsh natural environment in the central part of the Tarim basin, the Taklimakan desert—the largest desert in China—has seriously hampered the broadband seismological observation. From July 2017 to November 2019, the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences deployed a 2D broadband seismic array named the Tarim seismic Array for lithoSpheric signaTure of mantle plumE (TASTE) over the inner part of the Tarim basin with an averaged spacing of 60–70 km. The primary target of this project is to obtain a detailed lithospheric structure to resolve the possible lithospheric signatures of Permian mantle plume activity. Here we introduce the basic information of the TASTE network and the performance of these instruments by analyzing the background noise level. Preliminary results of receiver function and ambient noise analyses are also shown, which may suggest a thick sedimentary layer, as well as complicated crust and lithospheric feature.
Positive Correlation between DYFI Intensity Data and Microzonation Site Classes for Ottawa, Quebec City, and the Metropolitan Area of Montreal
Authors: Rosset Philippe , Bent Allison , Halchuk Stephen , Chouinard Luc
Published: September 2022

At the local scale, seismic risk is often poorly estimated when considering equal hazard values across any given community. Indeed, past damaging earthquakes have shown that site conditions, which may amplify or deamplify ground shaking, have an influence on the spatial distribution of damage in urban areas. In eastern Canada, Leda clay deposits from the old Champlain Sea are of particular concern for strong site effects in many parts of Quebec and Ontario. To capture the variability in seismic site response, microzonation maps characterizing average shear wave velocity for the upper 30 m of soil, and predominant resonance frequency have been developed for Montreal, Ottawa, and Quebec City. The maps derived from seismic and borehole measurements have been used to develop shake map scenarios but have not been validated, because there have not been any significantly large, close earthquakes in recent years, and because the seismograph network coverage is not adequate to provide a detailed picture of variations in shaking across a city. Nevertheless, all the three cities are in or near active seismic zones, and felt reports, although less accurate than instrumental data, are numerous and provide a dense dataset showing relative shaking levels across a region. Using intensity data for several moderate earthquakes collected largely via the Canadian internet “Did You Feel It?” page, we systematically compare reported shaking levels to soil conditions indicated by the microzonation maps. This study shows a clear correlation between high-reported intensities and soft soils for Montreal where the number of observations is the largest. The results suggest that intensity data collected via the internet and social media could provide a viable method for validating microzonation maps and shaking scenarios.
PREDICTION OF THE VIBRATION MOMENT OF MOUNT ETNA BASED ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNAL MONITORING
Authors:   Sumy State University, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technologies, Sumy, Ukraine, NAHORNYI VOLODYMYR , STRASER VALENTINO ,   Department of Science and Environment UPKL Brussel, Belgium, CATALDI DANIELE ,   Permanent Foundation G. Giuliani – Onlus – L’Aquila, Italy,   Radio Emissions Project, Lariano, Rome, Italy
Published: September 2022

The forecast of the start date of the Etna volcano eruption is considered. For the first time in the history of volcanology, the forecast was made by two independent methods. The first method analyzed the nature of changes in electromagnetic emission in the environment surrounding the volcano, while the second method predicted the date of Etna's eruption based on a trend composed of regularly measured electromagnetic emission parameters.