bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Physically Based Modeling and Deep Learning for Fusing GRACE Satellite Data: Can We Learn From Mismatch?
Authors: Sun Alexander Y. , Scanlon Bridget R. , Zhang Zizhan , Walling David , Bhanja Soumendra N. , Mukherjee Abhijit , Zhong Zhi
Published: January 2019

Global hydrological and land surface models are increasingly used for tracking terrestrial total water storage (TWS) dynamics, but the utility of existing models is hampered by conceptual and/or data uncertainties related to various underrepresented and unrepresented processes, such as groundwater storage. The gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provided a valuable independent data source for tracking TWS at regional and continental scales. Strong interests exist in fusing GRACE data into global hydrological models to improve their predictive performance. Here we develop and apply deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models to learn the spatiotemporal patterns of mismatch between TWS anomalies (TWSA) derived from GRACE and those simulated by NOAH, a widely used land surface model. Once trained, our CNN models can be used to correct the NOAH‐simulated TWSA without requiring GRACE data, potentially filling the data gap between GRACE and its follow‐on mission, GRACE‐FO. Our methodology is demonstrated over India, which has experienced significant groundwater depletion in recent decades that is nevertheless not being captured by the NOAH model. Results show that the CNN models significantly improve the match with GRACE TWSA, achieving a country‐average correlation coefficient of 0.94 and Nash‐Sutcliff efficient of 0.87, or 14% and 52% improvement, respectively, over the original NOAH TWSA. At the local scale, the learned mismatch pattern correlates well with the observed in situ groundwater storage anomaly data for most parts of India, suggesting that deep learning models effectively compensate for the missing groundwater component in NOAH for this study region.
Comment on “Analytical Estimation Show Low Depth‐Independent Water Loss Due to Vapor Flux From Deep Aquifers by John S. Selker (2017)”
Authors: Shokri Nima
Published: January 2019

Selker (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021014) recently presented an analytical estimation of evaporative fluxes from deep aquifers. Regardless of the type of soil, ambient temperature, and relative humidity, assumed the thickness of liquid region above the water table equals to zero. Here we illustrate the limitation of this assumption and its impact on the estimation of the evaporative fluxes from deep aquifers.
Toward Optimizing LNAPL Remediation
Authors: Sookhak Lari Kaveh , Rayner John L. , Davis Greg B.
Published: January 2019

Optimizing the remediation of light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) to achieve an acceptable endpoint status for a site is not trivial. Recently, Sookhak Lari, Johnston, et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.006), Sookhak Lari, Rayner, and Davis (2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.041) conducted three‐dimensional multiphase, multicomponent simulations to address LNAPL remediation endpoints for a single recovery well. However, optimized LNAPL remediation for multiple wells is not addressed in the literature. In the first part of this paper, we establish a matrix of 10 simulation scenarios to show the sensitivity of the remedial endpoint (i.e., what is feasibly achieved) to several parameters including viscosity and partitioning attributes of the LNAPL, heterogeneity of the formation, and the location and number of the recovery wells. While this addresses the variability of LNAPL removal from the subsurface and is valuable in its own right, it does not address the optimal removal of LNAPL. We address this in the second part of the paper by linking a genetic algorithm to TMVOC‐MP to allow, for example, the assessment of the optimal number and location of LNAPL recovery wells in a field‐scale problem. Using supercomputing facilities and within 49 genetic algorithm generations, each including 150 members, highly optimized answers to different objective functions were obtained. For the first time, such a multiphase, multicomponent optimization tool promises the possibility of optimizing LNAPL remediation at field scale to achieve practicable endpoint conditions, within computational affordability.
An Intercomparison of Noah Model Skills With Benefits of Assimilating SMOPS Blended and Individual Soil Moisture Retrievals
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Schull Mitch
Published: January 2019

Soil moisture (SM) data from Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) have been available and used by users since 2013, and the latest version (3.0) has been operationally released since 2017. The version 3.0 provides a combination of currently all available daily global microwave SM retrievals including observations of ASCATA, ASCATB, SMAP, SMOS, and AMSR2 from 1 April 2015 to present. This study intercompares Noah model skills with benefits of assimilating the SMOPS blended (hereafter, SMOPS) and the five individual satellite SM retrievals. Results show that SMOPS SM product presents a significant advantage in data availability in comparison with the individual SM retrievals. Significant differences in data availability, climatology, and dynamic range of SM values between the bias‐corrected SMOPS and individual SM data lead to remarkable distinctions in Noah model SM simulations. Significant improvements of assimilating individual and blended satellite SM retrievals on model SM simulations versus the open loop in both surface and root zone soil layers are evident with reducing the Soil Climate Analysis Network measurements‐based root mean square errors and raising the correlations with respect to the enhanced vegetation index. Compared to the individual SM assimilations, model SM estimations with benefits of assimilating the SMOPS data provide the more remarkable improvements in surface soil layer.
Coxsackievirus A10 atomic structure facilitating the discovery of a broad-spectrum inhibitor against human enteroviruses
Authors: Chen Jinhuan , Ye Xiaohua , Zhang Xue-Yang , Zhu Zhengdan , Zhang Xiang , Xu Zhijian , Ding Zhanyu , Zou Gang , Liu Qingwei , Kong Liangliang , Jiang Wen , Zhu Weiliang , Cong Yao , Huang Zhong
Published: January 2019

Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) belongs to theEnterovirusspecies A and is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Here we present cryo-EM structures of CV-A10 mature virion and native empty particle (NEP) at 2.84 and 3.12 Å, respectively. Our CV-A10 mature virion structure reveals a density corresponding to a lipidic pocket factor of 18 carbon atoms in the hydrophobic pocket formed within viral protein 1. By structure-guided high-throughput drug screening and subsequent verification in cell-based infection-inhibition assays, we identified four compounds that inhibited CV-A10 infection in vitro. These compounds represent a new class of anti-enteroviral drug leads. Notably, one of the compounds, ICA135, also exerted broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on a number of representative viruses from all four species (A–D) of human enteroviruses. Our findings should facilitate the development of broadly effective drugs and vaccines for enterovirus infections.
Theoretical Study of Lumped Parameter Circuits and Multiconductor Transmission Lines for Time-Domain Analysis of Electromagnetic Noise
Authors: Abe Masayuki , Toki Hiroshi
Published: January 2019

In order to find the origins of electromagnetic noise in the time domain, we formulate a system of lumped parameter circuits and multiconductor transmission lines (MTL). We present a discretized approach to treat any lumped parameter circuits and MTL systems, and the boundary conditions between these systems, where the lumped parameter circuits are described by coupled differential equations, and the MTL systems by coupled partial-differential equations. The introduction of the time-domain impedance and the element matrices enables us to perform a time-domain analysis that includes dependent sources and the coupling devices in the framework of the circuit theory. For three-line systems, we are able to calculate the coupling of the normal, common, and antenna modes, and to find out methods to reduce the noise.
Impaired Nuclear Export of Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Arnold Frederick J. , Pluciennik Anna , Merry Diane E.
Published: January 2019

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Prior studies have highlighted the importance of AR nuclear localization in SBMA pathogenesis; therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the role of AR nuclear export in the pathological manifestations of SBMA. We demonstrate here that the nuclear export of polyQ-expanded AR is impaired, even prior to the formation of intranuclear inclusions of aggregated AR. Additionally, we find that promoting AR export with an exogenous nuclear export signal substantially reduces its aggregation and blocks hormone-induced toxicity. Moreover, we show that these protective effects are conferred by destabilization of the mutant protein due to an increase in proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic AR. Despite a growing body of evidence that global disruption of nucleo/cytoplasmic transport occurs in ALS and HD, our data suggest that no such global disruption occurs in models of SBMA; rather, AR-specific mechanisms, including reduced phosphorylation at Serine 650, are likely responsible for the impaired nuclear export of polyQ-expanded AR.
Plant microbiome-dependent immune enhancing action of Echinacea purpurea is enhanced by soil organic matter content
Authors: Haron Mona H. , Tyler Heather L. , Chandra Suman , Moraes Rita M. , Jackson Colin R. , Pugh Nirmal D. , Pasco David S.
Published: January 2019

We previously demonstrated that extracts from Echinacea purpurea material varied substantially in their ability to activate macrophages in vitro and that this variation was due to differences in their content of bacterial components. The purpose of the current study was to identify soil conditions (organic matter, nitrogen, and moisture content) that alter the macrophage activation potential of E. purpurea and determine whether these changes in activity correspond to shifts in the plant-associated microbiome. Increased levels of soil organic matter significantly enhanced macrophage activation exhibited by the root extracts of E. purpurea (p < 0.0001). A change in soil organic matter content from 5.6% to 67.4% led to a 4.2-fold increase in the macrophage activation potential of extracts from E. purpurea. Bacterial communities also differed significantly between root materials cultivated in soils with different levels of organic matter (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the level of soil organic matter is an agricultural factor that can alter the bacterial microbiome, and thereby the activity, of E. purpurea roots. Since ingestion of bacterial preparation (e.g., probiotics) is reported to impact human health, it is likely that the medicinal value of Echinacea is influenced by cultivation conditions that alter its associated bacterial community.
Assessing Microcirculation in Resectable Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI for Identifying Primary tumour and Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Chen Yan-li , Jiang Yu , Chen Tian-wu , Li Rui , Zhang Xiao-ming , Chen Fan , Wu Lan , Ou Jing , Yang Jian-qiong
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to determine whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) derived parameters can identify oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and lymphatic metastasis. Thirty-nine oesophageal SCC patients underwent DCE-MRI. Quantitative parameters including endothelial transfer constant (Ktrans), reflux rate (Kep), fractional extravascular extracellular space volume and fractional plasma volume, and semi-quantitative parameters including time to peak (TTP), max concentration, Max Slope and area under concentration-time curve of both oesophageal SCC and normal oesophagus were measured. Mann-Whitney U test revealed that Ktrans and Kep of oesophageal SCC were higher while TTP was shorter when compared to normal oesophagus (all P-values < 0.05); and areas under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves displayed that Kep was superior to TTP or Ktrans for identifying oesophageal SCC (0.903 vs. 0.832 or 0.713). Mann-Whitney U test also demonstrated that Kep was higher and TTP was shorter in patients with lymphatic metastasis when compared to non-metastatic cancer patients (both P-values < 0.05), and area under ROC curve also showed that TTP was superior to Kep for predicting lymphatic metastasis (0.696 vs. 0.659). In conclusion, the combination of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI can aid in the identification of oesophageal SCC and lymphatic metastasis.
Neuron/Glial Antigen 2-Type VI Collagen Interactions During Murine Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yotsuya Mamoru , Bertagna Andrew E. , Hasan Nageeb , Bicknell Scott , Sato Toru , Reed David A.
Published: January 2019

The degeneration of articular cartilage underscores the clinical pathology of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and is promoted through dysfunctional biochemical or biophysical signaling. Transduction of these signals has a multifaceted regulation that includes important cell-matrix derived interactions. The matrix encapsulating the cells of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is rich in type VI collagen. Neuron/glia antigen 2 (NG2) is a type I transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with type VI collagen. This study defines the temporospatial dynamics of NG2-type VI collagen interactions during the progression of TMJ-OA. Membrane-bound NG2 is found to colocalize with pericellular type VI collagen in superficial layer cells in the MCC perichondrium but is present at high levels in the cytosol of chondroblastic and hypertrophic cells. When TMJ -OA is induced using a surgical instability model, localized disruptions of pericellular type VI collagen are observed on the central and medial MCC and are associated with significantly higher levels of cytosolic NG2. NG2 localized within the cytosol is found to be transported through clathrin and dynamin mediated endocytic pathways. These findings are consistent with NG2 behavior in other injury models and underscore the potential of NG2 as an entirely novel molecular mechanism of chondrocyte function contextually linked with TMJ-OA.
New trends in tailoring active sites in zeolite-based catalysts
Authors: Shamzhy Mariya , Opanasenko Maksym , Concepción Patricia , Martínez Agustín
Published: January 2019

This review discusses approaches for tailoring active sites in extra-large pore, nanocrystalline, and hierarchical zeolites and their performance in emerging catalytic applications.
Base-free hydrogen generation from formaldehyde and water catalyzed by copper nanoparticles embedded on carbon sheets
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Huan , Xia Zhaoming , Zhang Sai , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: January 2019

Base-free hydrogen generation through complete dehydrogenation from formaldehyde and water catalyzed by Cu nanoparticles embedded on carbon sheets.
Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction
Authors: Yao Koffi P. C. , Okasinski John S. , Kalaga Kaushik , Shkrob Ilya A. , Abraham Daniel P.
Published: January 2019

Spatial distribution of lithium cations in the graphite electrode of a lithium-ion battery is quantified using operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction.
High-performance oxygen evolution electrocatalysis by boronized metal sheets with self-functionalized surfaces
Authors: Guo Feifan , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Hui , Liu Yipu , Yang Li , Ai Xuan , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: January 2019

An effective boronization strategy is presented for transforming metal sheets into highly intrinsic active, stable and corrosion-resistant oxygen evolution electrodes.
Organic-free, versatile sessile droplet microfluidic device for chemical separation using an aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Hermann Matthias , Agrawal Prashant , Koch Iris , Oleschuk Richard
Published: January 2019

Versatile sample preparation platform for mixing, splitting and extraction on patterned surfaces and subsequent detection by a UV/vis smartphone spectrometer.
Synthesis and characterization of rGO decorated cubic ZnTiO3 rods for solar light-induced photodegradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Li Junsheng , Cui Hongtao , Mu Deying , Liu Yuanlong , Guan Tianyu , Xia Zhi , Jiang Liming , Zuo Jinlong , Tan Chong , You Hong
Published: January 2019

The restriction of PVP can alleviate the growth tendency of ZnTiO3 rods in the radial direction during a cooperative assembly process.
Intramolecular electron transfer in Cu(ii) complexes with aryl-imidazo-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives: experimental and quantum chemical calculation studies
Authors: Fedorova Olga A. , Shepel Nikolay E. , Tokarev Sergey D. , Lukovskaya Elena V. , Sotnikova Yulia A. , Moiseeva Anna A. , D’Aléo Anthony , Fages Frédéric , Maurel François , Fedorov Yury V.
Published: January 2019

First observation of Cu(ii)–Cu(i) autoreduction in complex with aryl-imidazo-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives.
New insight into the reaction mechanism of carbon disulfide hydrolysis and the impact of H2S with density functional modeling
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Chi , Gasem Khaled A. M. , Li Kai , Sun Xin , Ning Ping , Gong Weibo , Wang Tongtong , Fan Maohong , Sun Lina
Published: January 2019

One-step hydrolysis can easily take place without a catalyst. H2S is beneficial in maintaining the stability of the intermediates.
Porous liquid zeolites: hydrogen bonding-stabilized H-ZSM-5 in branched ionic liquids
Authors: Li Peipei , Chen Hao , Schott Jennifer A. , Li Bo , Zheng Yaping , Mahurin Shannon M. , Jiang De-en , Cui Guokai , Hu Xunxiang , Wang Yangyang , Li Lengwan , Dai Sheng
Published: January 2019

The porous liquid zeolites with permanent porosity could be fabricated by exploiting the hydrogen bonding interaction between the alkane chains of branched ionic liquids and the Brønsted sites in H-form zeolites.
Vesicle-like assemblies of ligand-stabilized nanoparticles with controllable membrane composition and properties
Authors: Park Ji-eun , Seo Myungjoo , Jang Eunseon , Kim Haein , Kim Jun Soo , Park So-Jung
Published: January 2019

Inorganic nanoparticles modified with simple alkylthiol ligands can organize into unique vesicle-like hollow assemblies with controllable membrane thickness, composition, and properties.
Amphiphilic diblock copolymer-mediated structure control in nanoporous germanium-based thin films
Authors: Hohn Nuri , Hetzenecker Andreas E. , Giebel Michael A. , Geier Sebastian , Bießmann Lorenz , Körstgens Volker , Saxena Nitin , Schlipf Johannes , Ohm Wiebke , Deimel Peter S. , Allegretti Francesco , Barth Johannes V. , Roth Stephan V. , Fässler Thomas F. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: January 2019

Porous Ge-based thin films processed from PS-b-PEO templated K4Ge9 precursor.
Seaming the interfaces between topologically distinct metal–organic frameworks using random copolymer glues
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Hongliang , Li Tao
Published: January 2019

A series of random copolymers are used as molecular glues to bridge the interfaces between metal–organic frameworks with distinct unit cell parameters and coordination chemistry.
Site-selective growth of Ag nanoparticles controlled by localized surface plasmon resonance of nanobowl arrays
Authors: Zhu Aonan , Gao Renxian , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Fan , Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Jinghai , Zhang Yongjun , Chen Lei , Wang Yaxin
Published: January 2019

Hexagonal Ag nanoparticle arrays are exclusively grown on top of the interstices of Au nanobowl arrays.
Direct synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from primary alcohols by diruthenium(ii) catalysts under aerobic conditions
Authors: Sundar Saranya , Rengan Ramesh
Published: January 2019

A straightforward synthetic approach to 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from readily available primary alcohols using arene diruthenium(ii) catalysts has been described.
Seven-enzyme in vitro cascade to (3R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
Authors: Valencia Luis E. , Zhang Zhicheng , Cepeda Alexis J. , Keatinge-Clay Adrian T.
Published: January 2019

Economical and environmentally-friendly routes to convert feedstock chemicals like acetate into valuable chiral products such as (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate are in demand.
Tetrafluoropyridyl (TFP): a general phenol protecting group readily cleaved under mild conditions
Authors: Brittain William D. G. , Cobb Steven L.
Published: January 2019

Herein we introduce tetrafluoropyridyl (TFP) as a new general protecting group for phenols. The TFP protecting group is readily cleaved under mild conditions.
Iron-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions using chiral tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-based bisoxazoline (TMSI-BOX) ligands
Authors: Gu Haorui , Huang Shaoying , Lin Xufeng
Published: January 2019

Fe complexes of TMSI-BOX based on the tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane backbone have been developed and applied in catalytic highly enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions.
The versatile use of solubilizing trityl tags for difficult peptide/protein synthesis
Authors: Tsuda Shugo , Masuda Shun , Yoshiya Taku
Published: January 2019

Our solubilizing trityl tags designed for difficult peptide/protein synthesis proved applicable to metal-free radical-triggered desulfurization and an Ag-mediated thioester method.
Structure and conductivity of Nd6MoO12-based potential electron–proton conductors under dry and wet redox conditions
Authors: Shlyakhtina A. V. , Avdeev M. , Abrantes J. C. C. , Gomes E. , Lyskov N. V. , Kharitonova E. P. , Kolbanev I. V. , Shcherbakova L.G.
Published: January 2019

Based on rhombohedral structure (R3̄) complex Nd10Mo2O21 compound has proton conductivity ∼8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 600 °C.
Laser-induced synthesis of ZIF-67: a facile approach for the fabrication of crystalline MOFs with tailored size and geometry
Authors: Ribeiro Erick L. , Davari Seyyed Ali , Hu Sheng , Mukherjee Dibyendu , Khomami Bamin
Published: January 2019

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are fast emerging as a new class of crystalline hybrid porous materials originating from inorganic (metal) nodes connected by organic linkers.
Practical synthesis of polysubstituted unsymmetric 1,10-phenanthrolines by palladium catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cross coupling of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds of carboxamides
Authors: Sun Wen-Wu , Liu Ji-Kai , Wu Bin
Published: January 2019

A short sequence for the practical synthesis of polysubstituted unsymmetric 1,10-phenanthrolines was developed based on palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross coupling of C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H bonds of carboxamides.
Lysine carbonylation is a previously unrecognized contributor to peroxidase activation of cytochrome c by chloramine-T
Authors: Yin Victor , Mian Safee H. , Konermann Lars
Published: January 2019

Ion mobility-assisted tandem MS uncovers hitherto overlooked modifications that are critical for the peroxidase activity of chloramine T-modified cytochrome c.
Structural insights reveal a recognition feature for tailoring hydrocarbon stapled-peptides against the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E protein
Authors: Lama Dilraj , Liberatore Anne-Marie , Frosi Yuri , Nakhle Jessica , Tsomaia Natia , Bashir Tarig , Lane David P. , Brown Christopher J. , Verma Chandra S. , Auvin Serge
Published: January 2019

We have revealed a non-canonical recognition feature that can modulate the binding kinetics of hydrocarbon stapled-peptides interactions with the eIF4E protein.
A molecular picture of surface interactions of organic compounds on prevalent indoor surfaces: limonene adsorption on SiO2
Authors: Fang Yuan , Lakey Pascale S. J. , Riahi Saleh , McDonald Andrew T. , Shrestha Mona , Tobias Douglas J. , Shiraiwa Manabu , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: January 2019

Integration of experiment, theory and modeling to understand the interaction type and kinetics of limonene on silica surfaces.
Efficient catalytic conversion of terminal/internal epoxides to cyclic carbonates by porous Co(ii) MOF under ambient conditions: structure–property correlation and computational studies
Authors: Parmar Bhavesh , Patel Parth , Pillai Renjith S. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Khan Noor-ul H. , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: January 2019

Efficient CO2 capture/utilization by Co(ii) MOF as a heterogeneous catalyst in CO2–epoxide cycloaddition at ambient condition has been investigated and correlated with computational studies.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in spiral ganglion neuron apoptosis following chronic kanamycin-induced deafness
Authors: Tu Yaqin , Fan Guorun , Sun Haiying , Cai Xiong , Kong Wen
Published: January 2019

Aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss is a common sensorineural impairment. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are first-order neurons of the auditory pathway and are critical for the maintenance of normal hearing. In the present study, we investigated the time-course of morphological changes and the degeneration process of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) following chronic kanamycin-induced deafness and determined whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was involved in the degeneration of SGNs. We detected density changes in SGCs and the expressions of Bip, inositol requirement 1 (IRE1)α, activating transcription factor-6α, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and caspase-12 at each time point after kanamycin treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was also performed. The number of SGC deletions reached ∼50% at the 70th day after kanamycin administration and the ER of most SGCs were dilated. The expression of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, Bip, caspase-12, and Chop was significantly unregulated after kanamycin treatment. The number of SGCs that were positive for both TUNEL and caspase-12 increased from day 7 to 28. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ER stress was involved in kanamycin-induced apoptosis of SGNs. Kanamycin-induced SGN apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by ER stress-induced upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12.
NLRP3 activation induced by neutrophil extracellular traps sustains inflammatory response in the diabetic wound
Authors: Liu Dan , Yang Peilang , Gao Min , Yu Tianyi , Shi Yan , Zhang Meng , Yao Min , Liu Yan , Zhang Xiong
Published: January 2019

Persistent inflammatory response in the diabetic wound impairs the healing process, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence indicate that the activation of Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome in macrophages (MΦ) contributes to the sustained inflammatory response and impaired wound healing associated with diabetes. However, the main trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome in the wounds is not known. Neutrophils, as sentinels of the innate immune system and key stimulators of MΦ, are immune cells that play the main role in the early phase of healing. Neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) as defense against pathogens. On the other hand, NETs induce tissue damage. NETs have been detected in the diabetic wound and implicated in the impaired healing process, but the mechanism of NETs suspend wound healing and its role in fostering inflammatory dysregulation are elusive. Here, we report that NLRP3 and NETs production are elevated in human and rat diabetic wounds. NETs overproduced in the diabetic wounds triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release in MΦ. Furthermore, NETs up-regulated NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β levels via the TLR-4/TLR-9/NF-κB signaling pathway. They also elicited the generation of reactive oxygen species, which facilitated the association between NLRP3 and thioredoxin-interacting protein, and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NET digestion by DNase I alleviated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, regulated the immune cell infiltration, and accelerated wound healing in diabetic rat model. These findings illustrate a new mechanism by which NETs contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and sustained inflammatory response in the diabetic wound.
Low‐leakage current two‐stage transformerless grid‐connected converter for residential PV application
Authors: Farswan Rajesh S. , Datta Abhijit
Published: January 2019

Conventional PV‐fed three‐level DC–DC converter has greater leakage current due to varying common mode (CM) voltage, and thus requires galvanic isolation if interfaced with on‐grid inverters. To reduce the leakage current and eliminate the requirement of galvanic isolation, a low‐leakage three‐level DC–DC converter is proposed for residential application. Efficacy of the converter is demonstrated by proposing a two‐stage single‐phase on‐grid PV system by interfacing with a three‐level transformerless single‐phase inverter topology. The DC–DC converter has reduced leakage current, which decreases the overall leakage current in the PV inverter system. In addition, smaller filter magnetics are required for both the three‐level converter and three‐level inverter. The CM analysis of the proposed system is presented. The proposed system is simulated using PSCAD and a laboratory prototype is developed for experimental evaluation. The experimental results show a part‐load efficiency of >96% for the overall system. Furthermore, the measured leakage current in the proposed system is <10 mA, which is below the prescribed RMS limit, as specified in German DIN VDE 0126‐1‐1 standard.
Assessment of the diffuse component of the global horizontal solar radiation for different solar altitude ranges. Case study: Oran (Algeria)
Authors: Chikh Madjid , Haddadi Mourad , Mahrane Achour , Malek Ali
Published: January 2019

The design of a solar energy system in a region where the solar potential is restricted to the measurement of the global horizontal solar radiation and the diffuse component is not supported requires using models for this estimation with radiometric parameters such as sunshine duration, clearness index, temperature, and relative humidity. The present study deals with a qualitative and quantitative study that was established on the diffuse component of horizontal global radiation, which has been applied for the Oran site, a coastal region located in northwestern Algeria. The results obtained from this analysis permitted to find mathematical correlations between the diffuse and the clearness index for different levels of solar altitude and for different seasons. A comparative study was carried out; first, to see the impact of the season on the accuracy of the models established by using statistical indicators namely mean bias error, root‐mean‐squared error, and the t‐stat. Secondly, another comparative study was carried out using other works previously published in the scientific literature. The introduction of the solar altitude as a predictor for establishing correlations of the diffuse component has significantly reduced the standard error compared to other models, which considered the clearness index as the only independent variable.
Reconfigurable missile‐borne SAR imaging SoC design
Authors: Guo Chenguang , Xu Jiancheng , Xu Wenyao , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2019

With the rapid development of the integrated circuit manufacturing technology and the radar technology, the demand for miniaturisation, low power consumption, and real‐time performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system is becoming higher and higher. By designing reconfigurable IP cores and configuring parameters through CPU, a reconfigurable missile‐borne SAR imaging SoC chip based on IP reuse is designed to meet this urgent demand. Using 0.13μm CMOS process, the SoC chip has been taped out and verified successfully. Compared with the traditional ‘DSP + FPGA’ platform, this chip can ensure the real‐time performance of the missile‐borne SAR imaging system and has more advantages in scale and power consumption.
Synthesis and characterisation of FeTiO3 perovskite nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage application
Authors: Srither Satturappa Ravisekaran , Dhineshbabu Nattanmai Raman
Published: January 2019

In this study, ilmenite [iron titanate (FeTiO3)] perovskite nanoparticles were synthesised by wet chemical method and sintered at two temperatures, namely 350°C (FT350) and 500°C (FT500). The phase structure, crystallinity, microstructure, particle size, and purity of the sintered samples were extensively studied. Electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetric studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and discharge measurements were carried out. The results of the cyclic voltammetric studies showed that sample prepared at 500°C delivers high specific capacitance (42 F g−1), which is significantly greater as compared to that of 350°C sample. Moreover, the results of the EIS study show that 500°C delivers better capacitance than 350°C. The FeTiO3 samples sintered at 350 and 500°C used as cathodes in a novel Mg/FeTiO3 cell delivered a discharge capacity of 129 and 90 mA h g−1, respectively. According to the study's data, for the first time it has confirmed that FeTiO3 is suitable for using it as a cathode material in Mg/FeTiO3 primary cell. The discharge capacity of 500°C was found to be 70% higher when compared to 350°C. Thus, the proposed results show that the electrochemical behaviour of the sintered sample 500°C is superior to that of 350°C.
Cosmological-scale coherent orientations of quasar optical polarization vectors in thePlanckera
Authors: Pelgrims V.
Published: January 2019

Gigaparsec scale alignments of the quasar optical polarization vectors have been proven to be robust against a scenario of contamination by the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). This claim has been established by means of optical polarization measurements of the starlight surrounding the lines of sight of the 355 quasars for which reliable optical polarization measurements are available. In this paper, we take advantage of the full-sky and high quality polarization data released by thePlancksatellite to provide an independent, complementary, and up-to-date estimation of the contamination level of the quasar optical polarization data by the Galactic dust. Our analysis reveals signatures of Galactic dust contamination at the two sigma level for about 30 percent of the quasar optical polarization data sample. The remaining 70 percent of the lines of sight do not show Galactic dust contamination above the two sigma level, suggesting low to negligible contamination of the quasar optical polarization signal. We further found arguments suggesting that Galactic thermal dust cannot fully account for the reported quasar optical polarization alignments. Based on the measurements of the ratio of the polarized intensity of the dust in the submillimeter to the degree of linear polarization of the quasar in the optical, we provide a new and independent quality criteria to apply to the quasar optical polarization sample. We argue that, unless correction is applied, such a criterion should be imposed on the data for future investigations in the framework of the cosmological-scale correlations of quasar optical polarization vector orientations that still could compete with the isotropic principle of the cosmological paradigm.
Massive and low-mass protostars in massive “starless” cores
Authors: Pillai Thushara , Kauffmann Jens , Zhang Qizhou , Sanhueza Patricio , Leurini Silvia , Wang Ke , Sridharan T. K. , König Carsten
Published: January 2019

The infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) G11.11−0.12 and G28.34+0.06 are two of the best-studied IRDCs in our Galaxy. These two clouds host clumps at different stages of evolution, including a massive dense clump in both clouds that is dark even at 70 and 100 μm. Such seemingly quiescent massive dense clumps have been speculated to harbor cores that are precursors of high-mass stars and clusters. We observed these two “prestellar” regions at 1 mm with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) with the aim of characterizing the nature of such cores. We show that the clumps fragment into several low- to high-mass cores within the filamentary structure of the enveloping cloud. However, while the overall physical properties of the clump may indicate a starless phase, we find that both regions host multiple outflows. The most massive core though 70 μm dark in both clumps is clearly associated with compact outflows. Such low-luminosity, massive cores are potentially the earliest stage in the evolution of a massive protostar. We also identify several outflow features distributed in the large environment around the most massive core. We infer that these outflows are being powered by young, low-mass protostars whose core mass is below our detection limit. These findings suggest that low-mass protostars have already formed or are coevally formed at the earliest phase of high-mass star formation.
Star formation rates and stellar masses from machine learning
Authors: Bonjean V. , Aghanim N. , Salomé P. , Beelen A. , Douspis M. , Soubrié E.
Published: January 2019

Star-formation activity is a key property to probe the structure formation and hence characterise the large-scale structures of the universe. This information can be deduced from the star formation rate (SFR) and the stellar mass (M⋆), both of which, but especially the SFR, are very complex to estimate. Determining these quantities from UV, optical, or IR luminosities relies on complex modeling and on priors on galaxy types. We propose a method based on the machine-learning algorithm Random Forest to estimate the SFR and the M⋆ of galaxies at redshifts in the range 0.01 <  z <  0.3, independent of their type. The machine-learning algorithm takes as inputs the redshift, WISE luminosities, and WISE colours in near-IR, and is trained on spectra-extracted SFR and M⋆ from the SDSS MPA-JHU DR8 catalogue as outputs. We show that our algorithm can accurately estimate SFR and M⋆ with scatters of σSFR = 0.38 dex and σM⋆ = 0.16 dex for SFR and stellar mass, respectively, and that it is unbiased with respect to redshift or galaxy type. The full-sky coverage of the WISE satellite allows us to characterise the star-formation activity of all galaxies outside the Galactic mask with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.01 <  z <  0.3. The method can also be applied to photometric-redshift catalogues, with best scatters of σSFR = 0.42 dex and σM⋆ = 0.24 dex obtained in the redshift range 0.1 <  z <  0.3.
Warm CO in evolved stars from the THROES catalogue
Authors: da Silva Santos J. M. , Ramos-Medina J. , Sánchez Contreras C. , García-Lario P.
Published: January 2019

Context. This is the second paper of a series making use of Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of evolved stars in the THROES catalogue to study the inner warm regions of their circumstellar envelopes (CSEs).

Aims. We analyse the CO emission spectra, including a large number of high-J CO lines (from J = 14–13 to J = 45–44, ν = 0), as a proxy for the warm molecular gas in the CSEs of a sample of bright carbon-rich stars spanning different evolutionary stages from the asymptotic giant branch to the young planetary nebulae phase.

Methods. We used the rotational diagram (RD) technique to derive rotational temperatures (Trot) and masses (MH2) of the envelope layers where the CO transitions observed with PACS arise. Additionally, we obtained a first order estimate of the mass-loss rates and assessed the impact of the opacity correction for a range of envelope characteristic radii. We used multi-epoch spectra for the well-studied C-rich envelope IRC+10216 to investigate the impact of CO flux variability on the values of Trot and MH2.

Results. The sensitivity of PACS allowed for the study of higher rotational numbers than before indicating the presence of a significant amount of warmer gas (∼200 − 900 K) that is not traceable with lower J CO observations at submillimetre/millimetre wavelengths. The masses are in the range MH2 ∼ 10−2 − 10−5 M⊙, anticorrelated with temperature. For some strong CO emitters we infer a double temperature (warm T¯rot ∼ 400 K and hot T¯rot ∼ 820 K) component. From the analysis of IRC+10216, we corroborate that the effect of line variability is perceptible on the Trot of the hot component only, and certainly insignificant on MH2 and, hence, the mass-loss rate. The agreement between our mass-loss rates and the literature across the sample is good. Therefore, the parameters derived from the RD are robust even when strong line flux variability occurs, and the major source of uncertainty in the estimate of the mass-loss rate is the size of the CO-emitting volume.
Hépatocarcinome
Authors: Roux Blandine , Noyau Laura , Julien Boris
Published: January 2019

Pour la troisième année, dans le cadre du module d’enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation » proposé par l’université Paris-sud, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé » de l’université Paris-Saclay se sont confrontés à l’écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné 8 articles scientifiques récents dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant des relations hôte-pathogène aux innovations thérapeutiques, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et le métabolisme. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l’équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité de l’article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l’écriture d’articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme ! Une de ces Nouvelles est publiée dans ce numéro, les autres le seront dans les prochains numéros de m/s.
Experimental study of fast electron generation from intense laser irradiated mylar foil with thin metal coating on front or rear surfaces
Authors: Mandal T. , Arora V. , Moorti A. , Upadhyay A. , Chakera J. A.
Published: January 2019

We report angular and spectral distribution of fast electrons in the interaction of a high intensity laser pulse (30 fs, I∼1019 W/cm2) with uncoated transparent mylar foil (thickness: 8 μm). The effect of thin Al coating (50 nm) on either the front or rear surface of the mylar foil on fast electron generation was also investigated. An electron flux enhancement of ∼1.8× (from ∼45 pC to ∼80 pC) and an increase in the maximum electron energy from ∼ 400 keV to ∼ 800 keV were observed in the case of front coated foil compared to the uncoated one. In the case of rear coated foil, an enhancement of ∼1.4× in the electron flux with no change in maximum electron energy was observed compared to the uncoated foil. The observations are understood in terms of possible different preplasma conditions for various target configurations used, which is also supported by 1D hydrodynamic simulation carried out for the present experimental conditions. The observed enhancement in electron flux and temperature is also supported by 2D Particle in Cell (PIC) simulation.
Multi-order surface lattice resonances and dark mode activation in metallic nanoantenna arrays
Authors: Gutha Rithvik R. , Sadeghi Seyed M. , Sharp Christina , Hatef Ali , Lin Yongbin
Published: January 2019

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in arrays of metallic nanoantennas are formed via hybridization of their localized surface plasmon resonances with the Rayleigh Anomaly. In this paper, we study the impact of inter-nanoantenna plasmonic coupling on such resonances, demonstrating a significant departure from the cases where the nanoantennas are only coupled to the diffraction modes of the arrays. For this, we study SLRs in a series of metallic nanoantenna arrays wherein their inter-nanoantenna spacings (lattice constants) along their short axes are varied between the limits where transverse modes of the nanoantennas are efficiently coupled to each other to the case where they are well separated. Our results show that for the latter case, when the incident light is polarized along the short axes of the nanoantennas, SLRs are formed via first order parallel coupling. As we reach the limit of inter-nanoantenna plasmonic coupling, however, the nature of SLRs is changed, becoming a second order orthogonal coupling. Our results also show that in the presence of inter-nanoantenna plasmonic coupling, the forbidden quadrupole state of nanoantennas can strongly couple to light, becoming the dominant optical feature of the arrays. For light polarized along the long axes of the nanoantennas, we demonstrate the Rayleigh Anomaly splitting of first order infrared and second order near-infrared SLRs under oblique incident angles. Wavelength multiplex optical filter application of such diffraction orders is discussed.
Double slapping effects on a supercavitation projectile
Authors: Wang Kangjian , Rong Guang , Mu Qing , Yi Wenjun , Chen Zhihua
Published: January 2019

Based on the theory of rigid body kinematics, a double slapping theoretical model is established for supercavitation projectile. And a parabolic simplification model is used for replacing the supercavitation equation in the part region of the cavity. Meanwhile, a time interval of two slapping impacts formula is derived from the parabolic simplification model. Then, the Logvinovich bubble expansion equation is discretized by using the Compound Simpson Formula and the cavity cross-section area of the projectile tail is solved in the condition that the projectile decelerates movement underwater. And, the cavity radius value of the projectile tail is obtained from Logvinovich bubble expansion equation, and it is substituted into the time interval formula. Compared with the experimental results, it demonstrates the rationality of the parabola simplification model and time interval formula. The projectile slapping impact, which is the main mode of motion in the cavity, is closely related to the stability of the underwater trajectory. This conclusion has a specific significance for studying the instability of the underwater trajectory.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of Ag2ZnSnSe4 for photodetection application
Authors: Jiang Yuhong , Yao Bin , Jia Jinhuan , Ding Zhanhui , Deng Rui , Liu Di , Sui Yingrui , Wang Haoyan , Li Yongfeng
Published: January 2019

Ag2ZnSnSe4 (AZTSe) thin films were synthesized using a simple solution approach combined with a post-selenization technique. A single phase of the AZTSe film with kesterite structure and high crystal quality was obtained at the optimized selenization temperature and time. The AZTSe film showed an optical bandgap of 1.4 eV, an n-type conduction with an electron concentration of 5.7 × 1015 cm−3, and a mobility of 9.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. An optimized n-type AZTSe film was fabricated on a p-GaN/sapphire to form an n-AZTSe/p-GaN heterojunction. The current–voltage measurement of the n-AZTSe/p-GaN heterojunction photodetector showed good rectification characteristics. The response wavelength of the photodetector covered a wide range from ultraviolet to infrared (370–960 nm). The response peak was located at 810 nm with a responsivity of 2.9 × 10−4 A/W.