bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical observation of rh-endostatin combined with chemotherapy as first line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer ⁎
Authors: Wang Wenwu , Huang Shanshan , Huang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yan , Qi Xiaoyan
Published: June 2023

Objective

To analyze the efficacy and safety of Rh-endostatin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods

All 60 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were divided into the test group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). The control group was treated with chemotherapy regime FOLFOX4 (Oxaliplatin + Fluorouracil + Calcium Levofolinate), the test group was treated by Endostar combined with FOLFOX4 scheme.

Results

The response rates were 53.3% in test group and 36.7% in control group respectively (P < 0.05), the disease control rate were 83.3% and 73.3% (P < 0.05). The median progression-free survival in test group and control group were 7.3 months versus 5.3 months (P < 0.05) and median overall survival were 11.6 months versus 9.3 months (P < 0.05). Among 27 cases of liver metastases were sub group analysis, difference on the test group and the control group response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) had statistical significance (P < 0.05), but difference on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurotoxicity, most in grade I-II. After chemotherapy, quality of life (QOL) of patients were more improved than before treatment. After treatment the carcino embryonie antigen (CEA) and caner antigent 199 (CA199) levels decreased obviously, furthermore, the test group decreased more obviously than the control group.

Conclusion

Rh-endostatin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is safer and effective, and also improves PFS.
Advantages and limitations in the establishment and utilization of patient-derived xenografts in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Zuhua , Shen Lin
Published: June 2023

Owing to the high genetic heterogeneity of tumors, small number of therapeutic strategies available, and frequent presentation of drug resistance, the prognosis for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) are unsatisfactory. The utility of traditional cancer cell lines in translational research is limited by their poor correspondence to the genomic alterations and expression profiles that occur in actual patient tumors. In the last decade, increasing attention has been given to patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs), which can faithfully recapitulate the histopathology, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic responses of the patient’s tumor. However, the widespread development and utilization of PDTXs is restricted by factors such as the timeframe of establishment, lymphoma transformation during passaging, the immunodeficient microenvironment, and pharmacokinetic differences between mice and humans. In this review, we summarize the establishment and characterization of PDTX models for gastric cancer (GC). We then weigh the advantages and limitations of PDTXs when used to evaluate novel compounds, identify effective biomarkers, demonstrate resistance mechanisms, and predict clinical outcomes.
Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis signaling pathways in gynecologic tumor cells: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Kangsheng , Fang Weimin , Sun Erhu , Chen Yajun
Published: June 2023

Efficient functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is very important for most cellular activities, such as protein folding and modification. The ER closely interacts with other organelles, including the Golgi body, endosome, membrane, and mitochondria, providing lipids and proteins for the repair of these organelles. ER stress can be induced by various abnormal materials in the cell. ER stress is a compensatory intracellular environment disorder that occurs during areaction. ER can sense the stress and respond to it through translational attenuation, upregulation of the genes for ER chaperones and related proteins, and degradation of unfolded proteins by a quality-control system, but excessive ER activation can cause cell death. The Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched for full-text articles, and the terms “endoplasmic reticulum stress / unfolded protein response / gynecologic tumor cell apoptosis” were used as key words. Thirty-five studies of ER stress and unfolded protein response published from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Stress triggers apoptosis through a variety of signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has shown that the ER plays an important role in tumor cell diseases. The present review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying unfolded protein response and its ability to promote survival and proliferation in gynecologic tumor cells.

List of abbreviations:

IRE1α: inositol-requiring enzyme 1α; UPR: unfolded protein response; XBP-1: X binding protein; PERK: protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase; GRP78: glucose-regulated protein 78; Tun: tunicamycin; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; ERSE: endoplasmic reticulum stress element; ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; eIF-2alpha: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2; IP3: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphat; ERO1: endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1; TMEM214: transmembrane protein 214; GADD34: cofactor of eIF2.phosphatase; H1299: human hung carcinoma H1299 cells; SH-SY5Y: human neuroblastoma cells; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor-A; SERCA: sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; Pim-1: proviral integration moloney virus; PUMA: p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis
The use of aprepitant and palonosetron in preventing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting inlung cancer patients
Authors: Qu Shuxian , Zheng Zhendong , Liu Zhaozhe , Qiu Jianing , Xie Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of a combination aprepitant and palonosetron hydrochloride therapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting associated with a cisplatinum-based regimen in patients with lung cancer.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients with lung cancer were randomly assigned to receive either aprepitant plus palonosetron hydrochloride (group A, n = 38) or tropisetron (group B, n = 30). Acute (0-24 h) and delayed (2-5 d) emetic episodes, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and dizziness were compared between the two groups in the five days following cisplatinum-based chemotherapy.

Results

Group A had a higher complete control rate for both acute and delayed emetic episodes than Group B (36.8% vs. 13.3% and 31.6% vs. 13.3%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). There was no significant difference in the constipation rate between the two groups.

Conclusion

Aprepitant combined with palonosetron hydrochloride is active and well tolerated in both acute and delayed emetic episodes in patients with lung cancer treated by a cisplatinum-based regimen.
Scabrous patrinia root inhibits circulating tumor cells in differentiated thyroid carcinoma - a clinical observation ⁎
Authors: Liu Qinjiang , Tian Youxin , Ni Yaqiong
Published: June 2023

Objective

To observe the clinical inhibition of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) by the extract of scabrous patrinia root (Huikangling).

Methods

Eighty-seven DTC patients tested positive for CTCs were randomly divided into two groups; all patients were treated with oral levothyroxine sodium in accordance with the DTC endocrine inhibition treatment criteria. Patients (n= 45) in the treatment group were provided the standard endocrine therapy along with oral Huikangling (0.4 g/tablet, 0.4 g × 3 / time, 3 times / day, 12 weeks). Patients (n= 42) in the control group were only provided the standard therapy. After 4 and 12 weeks, CTCs in the blood were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

After 4 weeks of oral Huikangling treatment, CTCs were detected in 18 (40%) and 29 (69%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 8.49,P< 0.05). After 12 weeks, CTCs were detected in 7 (15.6%) and 17 (44.7%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 5.68,P< 0.05). Follow-up evaluation revealed two patients with lung metastasis and one patient with bone metastasis in the control group; one patient showed lateral neck lymph node metastasis without local recurrence in the treatment group.

Conclusion

Huikangling treatment reduces the number of CTC-positive DTC cases; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Safety and efficacy of multi-kinase inhibitor plus endostar treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and pleural effusion
Authors: Luan Wei , Li Wenxin
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multi-kinase inhibitor plus endostar treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and pleural effusion.

Methods

A total of 10 patients with mRCC (8 clear-cell RCCs, 1 papillary RCC, 1 chromophobe RCC) with pleural effusion from January 2014 to October 2015 were recruited. Four patients received sorafenib (400 mg, twice daily), while six received sunitinib (50 mg, once daily; 2 weeks on and 1 week off). All patients received multi-kinase inhibitor plus pleural cavity perfusion of endostar (15 mg on days 1-4 for 1 or 2 weeks).

Results

The response rate of pleural effusion was 70%. Adverse reactions were limited and mild.

Conclusion

The regimen of multi-kinase inhibitor plus pleural cavity perfusion of endostar was both effective and safe for the treatment of patients with mRCC with pleural effusion, and may control local symptoms.
Updates in the management of brain (leptomeningeal) metastasis of lung cancer
Authors: Sun Ziyi , Chen Yuan
Published: June 2023

Brain (leptomeningeal) metastasis is one of the most common and severe complications of lung cancer. This article interprets expert consensus on the treatment advice for brain (leptomeningeal) metastasis of lung cancer, expounding on its epidemiology, diagnostic standards, efficacy assessment, treatment advice, and other aspects.
Local definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy recommended for patients initially diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with distant metastasis after an effective systemic chemotherapy*
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liu Dongbo
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to propose a hypothesis that local definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) should be recommended for initially diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and demonstrate its feasibility.

Methods

Recently published papers on local definitive radiotherapy for initially diagnosed metastatic NPC were reviewed to propose a hypothesis.

Results

Several studies revealed the survival benefits of adding local definitive radiotherapy to the systemic chemotherapy in patients initially diagnosed with metastatic NPC.

Conclusion

We suggested that local definitive IMRT should be recommended in patients initially diagnosed with NPC with distant metastasis after an effective systemic chemotherapy, which may possibly prolong their survival time and potentially treat the disease.
A case of prostate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult patient
Authors: Wei Qi , Sun Zhiyong
Published: June 2023

Prostate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is characterized by a high degree of malignancy, both local rapid growth with formation of large pelvic masses, often leading to renal failure due to urethral obstruction, and systemic spread, commonly to the lungs, liver, and bone. ERMS of the prostate is a commonly occurring tumor in infants and children. It is rarely seen in adults. Here, we report on a case of the prostate ERMS in a 27-year-old man.
Application of malignant pleural effusion cell blocks in the diagnosis and personalized treatment of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma*
Authors: Luan Wei , Cha Nier , He Yinzai , Jia Baoqing
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of immunocytochemistry and related gene detection using cell block for the diagnosis and individualized treatment of advanced lung cancer.

Methods

Sixty-five malignant pleural effusion specimens were collected to make cell blocks, which were used for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunocytochemical studies, and gene sequencing of the tumors to guide the individualized diagnoses and treatment of the given tumors.

Results

The tumor cells in the cell block sections were abundant in number with high quality cellular structures, and the histological morphological characteristics were partially maintained. Immunocytochemical staining was helpful in identifying the cell origin and tumor classification, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) was used to determine the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Of the 65 samples, 50 had a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, 7 were pulmonary squamous cells, 6 were small cell carcinoma of the lung, and 2 were mesothelioma. The morphological features of the tumors were as follows: acinar formation, papillary and single cells for adenocarcinoma; intercellular bridges for squamous cell carcinoma; and morphology of the small cells is similar to that of the smear. Correlating with the results of immunocytochemical staining and clinical data analysis, 40 cases were confirmed as pulmonary adenocarcinoma, with an additional 4 cases of breast cancer, 3 cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma, and 3 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Of the 47 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients, EGFR mutations were detected in 26 cases (55.3%) by ARMS, with four mutation types: exon 19 deletion (13 cases, 50.0%), exon 2l point mutations L858R (11 cases, 42.3%) and L861Q (1 case, 3.8%), and exon 18 point mutation G719X (1 case, 3.8%).

Conclusion

Malignant pleural effusion cell blocks combined with immunocytochemical markers and molecular pathology are helpful for the diagnosis of advanced tumors, the identification of tumor properties and histological tumor origin, and the selection of individualized treatment for advanced lung cancer.
Safety and efficacy of acute normovolemic hemodilution during liver surgery: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Jinlong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) during liver surgery.

Methods

Structured searches of the PubMed, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were performed, followed by a meta-analysis of outcomes, including intraoperative blood transfusion(s), intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hematocrit (Hct) levels, postoperative prothrombin time (PT), and number of patients who underwent transfusions during liver surgery.

Results

In total, 14 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, which revealed that ANH for liver resection was associated with a reduction in intraoperative blood transfusions [weighted mean difference (WMD) -1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.82 to -1.16; P < 0.00001]. The ANH group experienced less intraoperative bleeding (WMD -72.81; 95% CI -136.12 to -9.50; P < 0.00001) and exhibited a lower postoperative Hct level (WMD -3.38; 95% CI -7.14 to -0.67; P < 0.00001) than the control group. Moreover, meta-analysis revealed that postoperative prothrombin time was not affected by ANH (WMD -0.02; 95% CI -0.18 to -0.32; P = 0.65). Finally, the number of patients requiring allogeneic transfusion was significantly smaller in the ANH group than in the control group (odds ratio 0.13; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.18; P = 0.24).

Conclusion

Results of the present meta-analysis indicated that ANH can reduce intraoperative bleeding and the need for blood transfusions. In addition, ANH did not negatively affect the coagulation system after surgery; therefore, ANH appears to be safe and effective during liver surgery.
The expression of miR-155 and miR-181 in gastric cancer and their effects on clinical parameters and prognostic value*
Authors: Shi Zhenfeng , Lin Shuchun , Tang Xiaorong , Zheng Hongli , Wang Fei , Tao Wudong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-155 and miR-181 in gastric cancer.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients with gastric cancer and 80 healthy volunteers were selected as subjects. Serum samples of patients and volunteers were collected to detect miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in serum and tumor tissues.

Results

miR-155 and miR-181 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than those in the control group (P < 0.05). miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues were 16.74 ± 4.29 and 12.17 ± 3.26, respectively and 3.42 ± 0.39) and 3.06 ± 0.69 in paracancerous tissues, respectively, and they were 1.22 ± 0.21 and 1.08 ± 0.35 in normal tissues, respectively. miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in cancer tissues were significantly higher than adjacent tissues, and they were lowest in normal tissues (P < 0.05). High miR-155 and miR-181 expression had significant effects on differentiation, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that onset, T stage, clinical stage, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, miR-155, and miR-181 were independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Conclusion

Serum miR-155 and miR-181 have a diagnostic value in gastric cancer, and they are strong signals of poor prognosis.
Experimental study on the relationship between traumatic stress and tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis*
Authors: Cao Weigang , Qiu Baoan
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between traumatic stress and tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis.

Methods

A scalding method was used as an injurious factor to induce traumatic stress in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups—the control group, mild-scald group, and severe-scald group, with 14 rats in each group. Wistar rats were used to subculture the Walker-256 cell line for the generation of tumor ascites. Tumor cells from the ascites were cultured and used to establish a rat subcutaneous xenograft model. After 7 days, the mild-burn group and the severe-burn group were subjected burns to 10% and 15% of their backs, respectively. Blood was taken from the tail vein of rats at different times to detect changes in blood cortisol, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. Pathological specimens were collected 14 days later, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), E-cadherin, and vimentin.

Results

Cortisol, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the scalding groups than in the control group. Tumor examination was performed after 14 days. The changes in tumor size showed that the tumor volume in the control group (0.593 ± 0.195 cm3) and the mild-scald group (0.782 ± 0.344 cm3) were not significantly different. However, the tumor volume was significantly larger in the severe-burn group (1.806 ± 0.838 cm3) than in the control and the mild-burn groups(P< 0.05). Tumor tissue immunohistochemistry showed that the percentage of cells expressing PCNA in the control group, mild-scald group, and severe-scald group was 57.1%, 71.4% and 85.7%, respectively, and the differences among the groups were statistically significant. The number of VEGF-positive cells in the mild- and severe-scald groups was significantly higher than those of the control group (P< 0.05). The number of E-cadherin-positive cells in the tumor tissues was significantly lower in the severe-scald group than that in the control and mild-scald groups. Vimentin showed the opposite trend in the tumor tissue, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05).

Conclusion

Different degrees of a traumatic response in tissues caused by scalding can cause a corresponding stress response in the body. The release of inflammatory mediators; increase in VEGF, PCNA and vimentin in the tumor tissue; and decrease in E-cadherin lead to a change in tumor tissue growth and metastasis. Traumatic stress is associated with tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis.
Benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically lymph node-positive and locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Shanhui , Zhou Fei , Liang Donghai , Lv Hongying , Yu Hongsheng
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) for T3-4/N+ gastric cancer (GC) following D2/R0 dissection, and identify the specific subgroups that could benefit from adjuvant CRT.

Methods

All eligible patients were divided into the CRT group and ChT group. We assessed the survival outcomes and patterns of recurrence for each group, and determined the prognostic factors for survival by performing Cox proportional risk regression analyses.

Results

A total of 192 gastric cancer patients were included in the study. The estimated 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) probabilities in the CRT and ChT groups were 52.9%vs.36.7% (P= 0.024) and 41.2%vs.31.1% (P= 0.148), respectively, and the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities were 82.4%vs.70.0% (P= 0.044) and 52.0%vs.35.6% (P= 0.022). Patients in the CRT group had a lower risk of locoregional recurrence than those in the ChT group (20.6%vs.34.4%;P= 0.031). The subset analyses revealed that patients with stage N1-2 disease were more likely to benefit from adjuvant CRT than from adjuvant ChT (DFS: 53.1%vs.36.4%;P= 0.039; OS: 53.1%vs.38.6%;P= 0.036).

Conclusion

For locally advanced gastric cancer patients with LN+, adjuvant CRT showed superior survival benefits compared with adjuvant ChT alone. Patients with N1-2 achieved better survival from adjuvant CRT.
Correlation between clinicopathological parameters of lung adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastasis
Authors: Wang Shixun , Lin Gaoyang , Ge Nan , Yang Ronghua , Li Mengjun , Zhao Donghua , Li Peng , Wang Yongjie
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to study the correlation between the clinicopathological parameters of lung adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastasis and identify the risk factors of lymph node metastasis.

Methods

The data of 258 patients with postoperative lung adenocarcinoma (mainly based on their pathological data) were collected and analyzed, and their basic information was counted.

Results

Maximum tumor diameter was found to be an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis. The larger the maximum diameter of the tumor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, the higher the likelihood of lymph node metastasis. Solid predominant adenocarcinoma with mucin production is as an independent risk factor for superior mediastinal and subcarinal lymph node metastasis. Primary adenocarcinomas in the lower lobe of the lung may have a higher rate of lymph node metastasis than those in the upper lobe.

Conclusion

The known pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma can be used for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in various regions and guide the dissection of lymph nodes that would improve patients' prognosis.
Device-Free Target Following with Deep Spatial and Temporal Structures of CSI
Authors: Chen Ching-Lan , Ko Chun-Hsien , Wu Sau-Hsuan , Tseng Heng-Shih , Chang Ronald Y.
Published: June 2023

A novel device-free target tracking and following method is proposed based on both the received signal strength (RSS) and channel state information (CSI) of WiFi signals. Different from the typical device-free target tracking method, we consider a scenario where the device-free target under tracking is followed by a device that transmits the reference signals for location tracking of the target and the device itself. To meet the goal, a deep spatial-temporal neural network model is designed to learn and exploit the multi-resolution spatial and temporal features of RSSI and CSI for location tracking. By experimental results on our testbed, we show that the average positioning accuracy of the proposed method for the device-free target can reach 0.773 meters, which has a $$64\%$$

64
%

improvement over the accuracy of 2.164 meters of a typical device-free tracking method under the same experimental condition.
Neuroprotective and nephroprotective effects of Ircinia sponge in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induced toxicity in animal model: a pharmacological and computational approach
Authors: Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Youssef Fadia S. , Ashour Mohamed L. , Shreadah Mohamed A.
Published: June 2023

The present study investigated the neuroprotective and nephroprotective effects of the sponge Ircinia sp. ethyl acetate extract (ISPE) against persistent aromatic pollutants in vitro and in vivo. Different exponential experimental assays were applied to this study. An in vitro study to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of ISPE using antioxidants (for example, ABTS and DPPH) and anti-Alzheimer assays (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase); the in-vivo study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ISPE as neuroprotective and nephroprotective against the destructive effect of PAH. Several assays included oxidative assays (LPO), antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, GST), and inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers (PTK,SAA). Additionally, the results were confirmed using histopathological examination. The in silico screening study improved the in vitro and in vivo findings through interaction between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the polyphenolic content of ISPE extract, which was determined using LCMSM. The results and discussion showed that ISPE exhibited a promising antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity as evidenced by IC50 values of 49.74, 28.25, and 0.18 µg/mL in DPPH, ABTS, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays, respectively. In vivo, the study showed that animals receiving ISPE before poly aromatic hydrocarbons administration PAHs (Prot, ISPE) showed significant amelioration in kidney functions manifested by the reduction of serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine by 40.6%, 66.4%, and 134.8%, respectively, concerning PAH-injected mice (HAA). Prot, ISPE revealed a decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total proteins (TP) in kidney and brain tissues by 73.63% and 50.21%, respectively, for MDA and 59.82% and 80.41%, respectively, for TP with respect to HAA. Prot, ISPE showed significant elevation in reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione transferase (GST) in kidney and brain tissues and reduction in the inflammatory and pre-cancerous biomarkers, namely, serum protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and serum amyloid A (SAA). These findings were further supported by histopathological examination of kidney and brain tissues, which revealed normal structure approaching normal control. Metabolic profiling of ISPE using LC–MS-MS showed the presence of fourteen polyphenolic compounds belonging mainly to phenolic acids and flavonoids. In silico study revealed that all the tested compounds exerted certain binding with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, where rutin showed the best fitting (ΔG =  − 7.6 kcal/mol−1) with considerable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties revealed from in silico ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) study. Hence, it can be concluded that the Ircinia sponge showed a promising protective effect versus kidney and brain toxicity triggered by PAHs.

Graphical Abstract
Performance of regional water purification plants during extreme weather events: three case studies from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hickey Adrian , Senevirathna Lalantha
Published: June 2023

Climate change is altering weather patterns, which affects water supply systems globally. More frequent extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves are impacting the availability of raw water sources that supply cities. These events can lead to less water, higher demand, and potential infrastructure damage. Water agencies and utilities must develop resilient and adaptable systems to withstand shocks and stresses. Case studies demonstrating the impact of extreme weather on water quality are important for developing resilient water supply systems. This paper documents the challenges faced by regional New South Wales (NSW) in managing water quality and supply during extreme weather events. Effective treatment processes, such as ozone treatment and adsorption, are used to maintain drinking water standards during extreme weather. Water-efficient alternatives are provided, and critical water networks are inspected to identify leaks and reduce system demand. Local government areas must collaborate and share resources to ensure that towns can cope with future extreme weather events. Systematic investigation is needed to understand system capacity and identify surplus resources to be shared when demand cannot be met. Pooling resources could benefit regional towns experiencing both floods and droughts. With expected population growth in the area, regional NSW councils will require a significant increase in water filtration infrastructure to handle increased system loading. Continuous research, regular strategy reviews, and innovative approaches are essential to ensure a secure and reliable water supply during future extreme weather events.
The Usefulness of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Management of Parotid Gland Masses at a Tertiary Academic Hospital
Authors: Mdletshe Fanelesibonge B , Luvhengo Thifhelimbilu E , Masege Dipuo
Published: June 2023

Background

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an integral part of the preoperative work-up of parotid tumours.

Aim

To determine the rate of concordance between FNAC and histology following parotidectomy.

Methods

A review of records of patients who had parotidectomy which was preceded FNAC was done. Data collected included patients’ demography, presenting symptoms and clinical signs; cytology and post-operative histology results.

Results

Seventy-seven records were found and 14 were excluded. Forty-five (71%: 45/63) of the tumours were benign, 21% (13/63) malignant and 8% (5/63) inflammatory lesions. Forty-one (91.1%: 41/45) of the benign tumours had concordance between FNAC and final histology. Seven (63.6%: 7/11) of FNAC diagnosed malignancies were confirmed on histology.

Conclusion

Around 71% of parotid masses were benign. Painful masses are more likely to be malignant and FNAC is more reliable for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma than rare benign and malignant tumours of the parotid gland.
Narrative Persuasion – theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse zur Überzeugungskraft von Narrationen
Authors: Sukalla Freya
Published: June 2023

Über die anschauliche Darstellung von Ereignissen und Figuren können Geschichten abstrakte Sachverhalte verständlich machen oder auch neue Perspektiven eröffnen. Indem sie Rezipierenden ermöglichen, kognitiv und emotional tief in die Welt einer Geschichte einzutauchen, können Narrationen ihre persuasive Wirkung entfalten. Das Forschungsfeld der narrativen Persuasion widmet sich der systematischen Untersuchung dieser Wirkung von Geschichten. Dieser Beitrag führt zunächst in die theoretischen Ansätze zur Erklärung der Persuasivität von Narrationen ein und stellt im Anschluss den empirischen Forschungsstand dar. Insgesamt bestätigen die Forschungsergebnisse die persuasive Wirkkraft von Geschichten auf Wissen, Einstellungen und Verhalten ihrer Rezipierenden. Es wurden jedoch auch verschiedene Faktoren identifiziert, die narrative Effekte einerseits verstärken, aber auch verhindern können. Dazu gehören z. B. die Erzählperspektive, die Voreinstellungen der Rezipierenden oder auch der Rezeptionskontext. Ausblickend werden ethische Aspekte und unerwünschte Effekte von Geschichten thematisiert.
Potential Applications of Silicate Solubilizing Bacteria and Potassium Silicate on Sugarcane Crop under Drought Condition
Authors: Anitha R. , Vanitha K. , Tamilselvi C. , Jeyakumar P. , Vijayalakshmi D. , Yuvaraj M. , Nageswari R. , Dhanushkodi V. , Cyriac Jaiby
Published: June 2023

The decline of soil nutrient status and productivity of crops, and restoration of soil health is a key global concern. Crop yields are reduced by soil degradation, which endangers the world's food supply. Crop yields and soil health are further decreased by improper fertilizers use in conjunction with intense cropping. A wide variety of plants, particularly monocotyledonous crops can collect significant levels of silicon in their organs showing the benefits of silicon in terms of growth, biomass, and yield, whereas most dicots are unable to accumulate enough Si under their epidermal system. In the present investigation, treatment of applying silica solubilizer at a rate of 12.5 kg with 50 kg FYM/ha in soil with sett treatment of 0.5% K2SiO3,2.5% urea and potash foliar spray in a specified time showed a significant result in all the growth and yield parameters tested when plant and its ratoon were in drought condition.
Development of Pyros Alloy as a Certified Reference Material for Thermal Expansion Coefficient Measurements
Authors: Bi Jingliang , Xiu Hongyu
Published: June 2023

The push-rod dilatometer is the most widely used and popular commercial apparatus for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of metals, it should be metrological verified before testing. Certified reference materials are the most applicable and effective means of verifying such equipment. Here, a reference material [termed Pyros (Ni-based) alloy] was developed for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient. The Pyros alloy reference material exhibited a high thermal expansion coefficient: a range of 12.7–16.8 (× 10–6 °C−1). The maximum temperature of the certified value was 1000 °C. This range and value almost span the entire application needs of metals, especially steel alloy or superalloys. Thus, Pyros alloy is suitable as a reference material for validating the push-rod dilatometer based on comparative measurements.
The added value of (1,3)-β-D-glucan for the diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in ICU patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Christner Martin , Abdennadher Beya , Wichmann Dominic , Kluge Stefan , Pepić Amra , Aepfelbacher Martin , Rohde Holger , Olearo Flaminia
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Beta-D-Glucan (BDG) testing has been suggested to support the diagnosis of candidemia and invasive candidiasis. The actual benefit in critically ill high-risk patients in intensive care units (ICU) has not been verified so far.

Methods

In ICU patients receiving empirical echinocandin treatment for suspected invasive candidiasis (IC), serial BDG testing using the Fujifilm Wako Beta-Glucan Test was performed, starting on the first day of echinocandin administration and every 24-48 h afterwards. Diagnostic accuracy was determined for single testing and serial testing strategies using a range of cut-off values. In addition, we compared the added value of these testing strategies when their results were introduced as additional predictors into a multivariable logistic regression model controlling for established risk factors of IC.

Results

A total of 174 ICU patients, forty-six of which (25.7%) classified as cases of IC, were included in our study. Initial BDG testing showed moderate sensitivity (74%, 95%CI 59–86%) and poor specificity (45%, 95% CI 36–54%) for IC which could hardly be improved by follow-up testing. While raw BDG values or test results obtained with very high thresholds improved the predictive performance of our multivariable logistic regression model for IC, neither single nor serial testing with the manufacturer-proposed low-level cut-off showed substantial benefit.

Conclusions

In our study of critically ill intensive care patients at high risk for candidemia or invasive candidiasis, diagnostic accuracy of BDG testing was insufficient to inform treatment decisions. Improved classification was only achieved for cases with very high BDG values.
Bio-calibrated: tools and techniques of biodesign practices
Authors: Diniz Nancy
Published: June 2023

Biodesign is a recent discipline broad in scale and scope, reaching towards solving complex ecological issues such as climate breakdown, pollution, biodiversity loss and social justice. Designers manipulate living matter and translate scientific discoveries and methods into real-world applications. Although some specialization and knowledge have emerged from working with specific organisms like algae, mycelium, bacteria, for example, the variety and vastness of the natural sciences require a greater understanding of the intricacies of the collaborative nature and interrelationships between lab protocols, scientific tools and methods and the tools and techniques for design production. As a result, the ingenuity of biodesigners to adapt, transform and invent new interdisciplinary methods is an emerging space. We are looking at presenting and discussing the invention of new technical skills, toolkits and machines that allow for the calibration and manipulation of living systems for the the advancement of the discipline of Biodesign.
Mental health and lived experience: The value of lived experience expertise in global mental health
Authors: Sartor Claudia
Published: June 2023

There is no disputing the current established global consensus that people with lived experience of a mental health condition (“people with lived experience”) play an integral role in influencing policy and processes in global mental health. Specifically, the role they hold as agents of change through which they can lead and co-lead projects on mental health, alongside a multidisciplinary team, as recommended in the findings of the report of Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination (Thornicroft et al. [2022], “The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health”, Lancet, 400, 1438–1480). Immense value is associated with their unique expertise not learned through theoretical concept but based on real-life experience. Appreciating their involvement in processes is a human right, supported by international human rights instruments such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Psychosocial Disabilities (2006). However, there remains an expectation that people with lived experience are expected to be involved in processes and service delivery without receiving remuneration for their expertise. This article will provide the basis for which processes must follow the principle of equity; that lived experience expertise ought to be equally compensated for based on equal pay for equal work. In closing, it will provide a recommendation for stakeholders on how to improve upon effective engagement with people with lived experience, leading to meaningful and authentic contributions.
Prandtl number effects on passive scalars in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Pirozzoli Sergio
Published: June 2023

We study the statistics of passive scalars (either temperature or concentration of a diffusing substance) at friction Reynolds number

${Re}_{\tau }=1140$

, for turbulent flow within a smooth straight pipe of circular cross-section, in the range of Prandtl numbers from

${Pr}=0.00625$

, to

${Pr}=16$

, using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the Navier–Stokes equations. Whereas the organization of passive scalars is similar to the axial velocity field at

${Pr} = O(1)$

, similarity is impaired at low Prandtl number, at which the buffer-layer dynamics is filtered out, and at high Prandtl number, at which the passive scalar fluctuations become confined to the near-wall layer. The mean scalar profiles at

${Pr} \gtrsim 0.0125$

are found to exhibit logarithmic overlap layers, and universal parabolic distributions in the core part of the flow. Near-universality of the eddy diffusivity is exploited to derive accurate predictive formulas for the mean scalar profiles, and for the corresponding logarithmic offset function. Asymptotic scaling formulas are derived for the thickness of the conductive (diffusive) layer, for the peak scalar variance, and its production rate. The DNS data are leveraged to synthesize a modified form of the classical predictive formula of Kader & Yaglom (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 15, 1972, pp. 2329–2351), which is capable of accounting accurately for the dependence on both Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, for

${Pr} \gtrsim 0.25$

.
Sensory modality profiles of antonyms
Authors: van de Weijer Joost , Bianchi Ivana , Paradis Carita
Published: June 2023

Adjectives that are used to describe sensory experiences are often used to express more than one modality. The adjective sweet, for instance, may primarily be associated with taste (i.e., taste is the dominant modality of sweet), but it can also be used for smell, sound or sight, and possibly even for touch. It has also been shown that some sensory modalities combine more easily than others. Many adjectives that are used to describe taste, for instance, can also be used for smell, but, less likely, for sound. These associations between sensory modalities as they are expressed in language are the topic of this study. We looked at the distribution of the combinations of dominant modalities in pairs of antonymic sensory adjectives (e.g., sweet–sour), and how the dominant modality of the adjectives in these pairs differed from that of the adjectives in isolation. In our dataset, there was a sizeable number of pairs consisting of adjectives with differing dominant modalities. Within those pairs, we observed that adjectives with the dominant modality sight can also be used for touch and vice versa. Similarly, adjectives with the dominant modality of smell can also be used for taste and vice versa. Finally, adjectives with the dominant modalities sight and touch can both also be used for hearing and for taste, but not the other way around. These results contribute to our understanding of how language is used to describe sensory experiences, and, with that, how sensory experiences may be shaped by the words that we use to describe them.
Religion or Race? Using Intersectionality to Examine the Role of Muslim Identity and Evaluations on Belonging in the United States
Authors: d’Urso Amanda Sahar , Bonilla Tabitha
Published: June 2023

How do White Americans evaluate the politics of belonging in the United States across different ethnoreligious identity categories? This paper examines this question through two competing frameworks. On the one hand, given the salience of anti-Muslim attitudes in the United States, we consider whether White Americans penalize Muslim immigrants to the United States regardless of their ethnoracial background. On the other hand, Muslim identity is often conflated by the general public with Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) ethnoracial identity. We argue MENA-Muslim identity should be understood through the lens of intersectionality. In this case, White Americans may penalize MENA-Muslims immigrants to the United States more than Muslims from other ethnoracial groups. We test these two frameworks through a conjoint experimental design wherein respondents are asked to evaluate immigrants and indicate to whom the United States should give a green card—signaling legal belonging—and how likely the immigrant is to assimilate into America—signaling cultural belonging. Although White Americans believe White Muslims may assimilate better to the United States relative to MENA-Muslims, race does not moderate how White Americans evaluate who should be allowed to belong in the United States.
‘Try Again. Fail Again. Fail Better’: Adapting Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot for the Chinese Stage – Real and Virtual
Authors: ZHANG WEI
Published: June 2023

From the ‘real’ stage performance in the late 1980s to the ‘virtual’ stage performance in April 2020, when China, after months of being locked down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was gingerly reopening for life again, Chinese theatre artists have persisted in their efforts to adapt the Beckettian play for their sociocultural, artistic and existential needs in the Beckettian spirit of ‘Try again. Fail again. Fail better’.
Early and mid-term outcomes of double-chambered right ventricle repair: An 8-year experience
Authors: Halder Vikram , Ghosh Soumitra , Thingnam Shyam Kumar Singh , Singh Harkant , Mishra Anand Kumar , Mahajan Sachin , Kumar Rupesh , Aggarwal Pankaj , Dutta Aduri Raja Suman , Mishra Amit
Published: June 2023

Background/Aim:

Double-chambered right ventricle is a rare and progressive condition that is characterised by obstruction of the right ventricular tract. Double-chambered right ventricle is usually associated with ventricular septal defect. Early surgical intervention is recommended in patients with these defects. Based on this background, the present study aimed to review early and midterm outcomes of primary repair after double-chambered right ventricle.

Methods:

Between January 2014 and June 2021, 64 patients with a mean age of 13.42 ± 12.31 years underwent surgical repair for double-chambered right ventricle. The clinical outcomes of these patients were reviewed and assessed retrospectively.

Results:

An associated ventricular septal defect was present in all the recruited patients; 48 (75%) patients of sub-arterial type, 15 (23.4%) of perimembranous, and 1 (1.6%) patient of muscular type. The patients were followed up for a mean period of 46.73 ± 27.37 months. During their follow-up, a significant decrease in the mean pressure gradient from 62.33 ± 5.52 mmHg preoperatively to 15.73 ± 2.94 mmHg postoperatively was observed (p < 0.001). Notably, there were no hospital deaths.

Conclusions:

The development of double-chambered right ventricle in association with ventricular septal defect results in an increased pressure gradient within the right ventricle. The defect needs correction in a timely manner. In our experience, the surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle is safe and shows excellent early and mid-term results.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit von Hausärzt_innen und Pflegefachpersonen in der Primärversorgung
Authors: Zimansky Manuel , Ceylan Betül , Klukas Eduard , Hamacher Marie , van de Sand Heike , Gustaevel Malin , Wiegelmann Saskia , Hämel Kerstin
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Es bedarf einer Stärkung der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit von Hausärzt_innen und Pflegefachpersonen in der Primärversorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Krankheiten und Pflegebedarf. Ziel: Mit dieser Studie wurde untersucht, a) wie Hausärzt_innen und Pflegefachpersonen ihre Zusammenarbeit in der Primärversorgung wahrnehmen und b) welche Entwicklungsperspektiven der Zusammenarbeit aus ihrer Sicht existieren. Methoden: Es wurden Expert_inneninterviews mit sieben Hausärzt_innen und acht Pflegefachpersonen der ambulanten Pflege durchgeführt und mittels der inhaltlich strukturierten, qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beider Berufsgruppen berichten, dass ihre Zusammenarbeit durch eine schlechte gegenseitige Erreichbarkeit behindert ist. Sie betonen zugleich ihre Wertschätzung gegenüber dem fachlichen Austausch mit der anderen Berufsgruppe. Gleichwohl differieren die Wahrnehmungen zur Fachkompetenz der Pflegefachpersonen. Zur Verbesserung ihrer Zusammenarbeit empfehlen die Befragten die Etablierung interprofessioneller Besprechungen und eine Zusammenarbeit in räumlicher Nähe für den regelmäßigen fachlichen Austausch. Sie versprechen sich davon einen gemeinsamen Vertrauens- und Kompetenzaufbau und die Erweiterung des Verantwortungsbereichs von Pflegefachpersonen in der Primärversorgung. Schlussfolgerungen: Verbindliche Kommunikationsstrukturen, die Zusammenarbeit in räumlicher Nähe und Erweiterung des Verantwortungsbereichs von Pflegefachpersonen bieten hohes Potential für die Stärkung der Primärversorgung in Deutschland.
Summer Heat Waves Could Cause Blackouts Across the Country
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: June 2023

Higher than normal temps could strain grids that are not used to unprecedented heat waves.