bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in diet, activity, weight, and wellbeing of parents during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Curtis Rachel G. , Olds Timothy , Ferguson Ty , Fraysse François , Dumuid Dorothea , Esterman Adrian , Hendrie Gilly A. , Brown Wendy J. , Lagiseti Rajini , Maher Carol A.
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted lifestyle behaviour as public health initiatives aim to “flatten the curve”. This study examined changes in activity patterns (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep), recreational physical activities, diet, weight and wellbeing from before to during COVID-19 restrictions in Adelaide, Australia. This study used data from a prospective cohort of Australian adults (parents of primary school-aged children; n = 61, 66% female, aged 41±6 years). Participants wore a Fitbit Charge 3 activity monitor and weighed themselves daily using Wi-Fi scales. Activity and weight data were extracted for 14 days before (February 2020) and 14 days during (April 2020) COVID-19 restrictions. Participants reported their recreational physical activity, diet and wellbeing during these periods. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine change over time. Participants slept 27 minutes longer (95% CI 9–51), got up 38 minutes later (95% CI 25–50), and did 50 fewer minutes (95% CI -69–-29) of light physical activity during COVID-19 restrictions. Additionally, participants engaged in more cycling but less swimming, team sports and boating or sailing. Participants consumed a lower percentage of energy from protein (-0.8, 95% CI -1.5–-0.1) and a greater percentage of energy from alcohol (0.9, 95% CI 0.2–1.7). There were no changes in weight or wellbeing. Overall, the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on lifestyle were small; however, their impact on health and wellbeing may accumulate over time. Further research examining the effects of ongoing social distancing restrictions are needed as the pandemic continues.
It helps to talk: A guiding framework (TRUST) for peer support in delivering mental health care for adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Wogrin Carol , Willis Nicola , Mutsinze Abigail , Chinoda Silindweyinkosi , Verhey Ruth , Chibanda Dixon , Bernays Sarah
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Adolescents living with HIV have poor treatment outcomes, including lower rates of viral suppression, than other age groups. Emerging evidence suggests a connection between improved mental health and increased adherence. Strengthening the focus on mental health could support increased rates of viral suppression. In sub-Saharan Africa clinical services for mental health care are extremely limited. Additional mechanisms are required to address the unmet mental health needs of this group. We consider the role that community-based peer supporters, a cadre operating at scale with adolescents, could play in the provision of lay-support for mental health.

Methods

We conducted qualitative research to explore the experiences of peer supporters involved in delivering a peer-led mental health intervention in Zimbabwe as part of a randomized control trial (Zvandiri-Friendship Bench trial). We conducted 2 focus group discussions towards the end of the trial with 20 peer supporters (aged 18–24) from across 10 intervention districts and audio recorded 200 of the peer supporters’ monthly case reviews. These data were thematically analysed to explore how peer supporters reflect on what was required of them given the problems that clients raised and what they themselves needed in delivering mental health support.

Results

A primary strength of the peer support model, reflected across the datasets, is that it enables adolescents to openly discuss their problems with peer supporters, confident that there is reciprocal trust and understanding derived from the similarity in their lived experiences with HIV. There are potential risks for peer supporters, including being overwhelmed by engaging with and feeling responsible for resolving relationally and structurally complex problems, which warrant considerable supervision. To support this cadre critical elements are needed: a clearly defined scope for the manageable provision of mental health support; a strong triage and referral system for complex cases; mechanisms to support the inclusion of caregivers; and sustained investment in training and ongoing supervision.

Conclusion

Extending peer support to explicitly include a focus on mental health has enormous potential. From this empirical study we have developed a framework of core considerations and principles (the TRUST Framework) to guide the implementation of adequate supportive infrastructure in place to enhance the opportunities and mitigate risks.
Efficacy of indoor residual spraying with broflanilide (TENEBENAL), a novel meta-diamide insecticide, against pyrethroid-resistant anopheline vectors in northern Tanzania: An experimental hut trial
Authors: Snetselaar Janneke , Rowland Mark W. , Manunda Baltazari J. , Kisengwa Ezekia M. , Small Graham J. , Malone David J. , Mosha Franklin W. , Kirby Matthew J.
Published: March 2021

Novel chemistry for vector control is urgently needed to counter insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Here a new meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide (TENEBENALTM), was evaluated in East African experimental huts in Moshi, northern Tanzania. Two consecutive experimental hut trials with broflanilide 50WP were conducted; the first evaluating the efficacy of three concentrations, 50 mg/m2, 100 mg/m2, and 200 mg/m2 using a prototype formulation, and the second trial evaluating an improved formulation. The IRS treatments were applied on both mud and concrete surfaces and efficacy was monitored over time. The mortality, blood-feeding inhibition and exiting behaviour of free-flying wild mosquitoes was compared between treatment arms. Additionally, cone assays with pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant mosquito strains were conducted in the huts to determine residual efficacy. The first trial showed a dosage-mortality response of the prototype formulation and 3–8 months of residual activity, with longer activity on concrete than mud. The second trial with an improved formulation showed prolonged residual efficacy of the 100 mg/m2 concentration to 5–6 months on mud, and mosquito mortality on the concrete surface ranged between 94–100% for the full duration of the trial. In both trials, results with free-flying, wild Anopheles arabiensis echoed the mortality trend shown in cone assays, with the highest dose inducing the highest mortality and the improved formulation showing increased mortality rates. No blood-feeding inhibition or insecticide-induced exiting effects were observed with broflanilide. Broflanilide 50WP was effective against both susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant mosquito strains, demonstrating an absence of cross resistance between broflanilide and pyrethroids. The improved formulation, which has now been branded VECTRONTM T500, resulted in a prolonged residual efficacy. These results indicate the potential of this insecticide as an addition to the arsenal of IRS products needed to maintain both control of malaria and resistance management of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes.
Mechanisms, good and bad
Authors: Kincaid Harold
Published: March 2021

The claim that mechanisms are essential good science is widespread. I argue, however, that these claims are ambiguous in multiple ways. I sort out different version of the mechanism idea: (1) mechanisms that are horizontal – between cause and effect – and mechanisms that are vertical – they realize in lower-level terms causal properties –: and (2) different purposes or uses mechanisms may have. I then focus on the claim that various senses of mechanism are necessary for the confirmation of causal claims. The paper shows that mechanisms can be useful, essential, or harmful depending on context, using the now standard graphical causal structure framework. These conclusions also support the larger philosophy of science moral that methodological norms in science are often context specific and empirical, not a priori and universal.
A magyarországi innováció helyzete alulnézetből
Authors: Kiss János
Published: March 2021

A dolgozat 23 interjú tapasztalatait összegzi az innováció helyzetével kapcsolatban, melyeket főként hazai tulajdonú kis- és középvállalatokkal készítettek a szerzők 2008 októbere és 2009 februárja között. A megkérdezett cégek többségében a kormányzat részéről húzóágazatként megnevezett járműiparhoz és információtechnológiai iparághoz tartoznak. A vállalatok túlnyomó többsége az innováció egyik fontos akadályozó tényezőjének tartja a finanszírozási források szűkösségét: nincs pénzük K+F-re, innovációra, s korlátozottak a lehetőségeik külső források bevonására is. A jobb gazdasági helyzetben lévő cégek inkább a megfelelő kvalitású szakemberek hiányában látják az innováció fő gátját. Bár az egyetemek és a vállalatok innovációs együttműködésében az eltérő szervezeti kultúrák okoznak némi súrlódást, a fejlesztési tevékenységet folytató cégek összességében hasznosnak tartják az egyetemekkel való együttműködést.
Influência do conhecimento popular de plantas medicinais e a prática de atividade física na melhora da qualidade de vida
Authors: Santello Lara Cavalari , Morales Maria Aparecida Marin , Bombini Mariana Freschi
Published: March 2021

O conhecimento popular de plantas medicinais e a prática da atividade física (AF) são estratégias utilizadas desde as primeiras civilizações, para uma melhor qualidade de vida. Contudo, o processo de industrialização desarticulou a transferência deste conhecimento e contribuiu para o aumento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Avaliamos o conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais e o nível de AF associados a hábitos alimentares. Foram desenvolvidos dois questionários, disponibilizados gratuitamente na plataforma Google e impressos, aplicados a 175 participantes, com média de idade de 30,74±12,7 (intervalo entre 17 e 77 anos). O primeiro questionário investigou o conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais e alguns hábitos alimentares. O segundo foi o Questionário Internacional de AF (IPAQ), que avaliou a intensidade de AF semanal como leve, moderada ou vigorosa. Foi observado que indivíduos mais velhos possuíam um maior conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais (p=0,017; R=0,181). O conhecimento sobre essas plantas também estava relacionado a uma preferência por consumo de produtos naturais (p=0,08), não ingestão de refrigerante (p=0,008) e a uma atividade física de rotina (p=0,016). O nível de AF teve relação positiva com o conhecimento das propriedades das plantas medicinais, sendo a AF moderada a mais relacionada com esse conhecimento (p=0,023; R=0,792). Nossos resultados apontam uma descontinuidade na transferência desses saberes, e a necessidade de resgate de hábitos saudáveis, como a AF moderada, a ingestão de alimentos não processados e o uso de plantas medicinais para a obtenção de uma melhor qualidade de vida. Esses hábitos saudáveis podem contribuir para benefícios imediatos e de longo prazo à saúde, provavelmente por promoverem uma redução nos riscos relacionados ao aparecimento de doenças.
Are emergency measures in response to COVID-19 a threat to democracy?
Authors: Shundovska Marijana Opashinova
Published: March 2021

The unprecedented outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 virus in the world and its grave consequences on human health, the economy and the everyday life forced national parliaments either to change its standard work mode or transfer their constitutional competences to the executive by declaring state of emergency. The detrimental effects of this unorthodox situation, especially on functioning of democracies, government branches’ division, economic disturbances and losses of jobs are yet to be determined and analyzed. Not expecting that the virus will reach pandemic proportions, the Macedonian parliament was dissolved for early parliamentary elections that ought to be carried out by a technical government, a commitment taken from the Przino Agreement in 2015. The state had faced a unique situation to get through the pandemic with a dissolved parliament and a technical government with limited competences. The constitutional vagueness regarding the work of the parliament in emergency situations and the duration of mandate of the parliamentarians allowing for different interpretation thereof, made the situation even more complicated than before. Consequently, the Government had to propose a proclamation of state of emergency for the first time since the independence, in order to be able to adopt legally binding regulations to manage the crisis. The State President proclaimed state of emergency on 18 March 2020 that had to be extended two more times, once for an additional 30 days and another for 8 days, in order to observe the electoral deadlines for the re-scheduled parliamentary elections. Some experts have strongly argued that the government with its hands untied in these challenging and de-parliamentarized times might abuse its competences by adopting regulations that have nothing to do with the state of emergency. This paper will reflect on the unique political and legislative processes in the state and its effects on the parliamentary democracy.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: March 2021: Pregnancy Outcomes after Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park James S.
Published: March 2021

Article Title: Pregnancy Outcomes after Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Chylous Ascites as a Presentation of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: McLain Julian H. , Khadarian Kevork , Shojaie Layla , Lubman Richard , Chang Ching-Fei , Lindgren Brett , Shao Ling
Published: March 2021

A 35-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 4-week history of large-volume chylous ascites refractory to paracentesis and new-onset dyspnea. Thoracic computed tomography revealed diffuse pulmonary cystic lesions with pleural effusions, and abdominal computed tomography showed ascites with large bilateral retroperitoneal masses displaying positron emission tomography avidity. Biopsy of the masses demonstrated lymphatic invasion by a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, a smooth muscle tumor. The patient was diagnosed as having the sporadic form of lymphangioleiomyomatosis and was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibitor sirolumus with clinical improvement.
Volodymyr Zelensky: What has Been Done in the Past Year? What’s Next?
Authors: Donaj Łukasz
Published: March 2021

The paper sets out to assess the first year of Volodymyr Zelensky’s presidency. By analyzing the decision-making process followed by Zelensky (using the decision-making, institutional-legal, systems, induction and deduction methods), the author attempts to answer whether the process serves Ukraine and its long-term interests. By identifying the determinants affecting Ukraine’s foreign policy, the author tries to show the long term prospects for the country.
Generalized Bernoulli process with long-range dependence and fractional binomial distribution
Authors: Lee Jeonghwa
Published: March 2021

Bernoulli process is a finite or infinite sequence of independent binary variables, X

i
, i = 1, 2, · · ·, whose outcome is either 1 or 0 with probability P(X

i
= 1) = p, P(X

i
= 0) = 1 – p, for a fixed constant p ∈ (0, 1). We will relax the independence condition of Bernoulli variables, and develop a generalized Bernoulli process that is stationary and has auto-covariance function that obeys power law with exponent 2H – 2, H ∈ (0, 1). Generalized Bernoulli process encompasses various forms of binary sequence from an independent binary sequence to a binary sequence that has long-range dependence. Fractional binomial random variable is defined as the sum of n consecutive variables in a generalized Bernoulli process, of particular interest is when its variance is proportional to n
2

H
, if H ∈ (1/2, 1).
Predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients submitted to cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian carcinomatosis: a multicenter study
Authors: Macrì Antonio , Accarpio Fabio , Arcoraci Vincenzo , Casella Francesco , De Cian Franco , De Iaco Pierandrea , Orsenigo Elena , Roviello Franco , Scambia Giovanni , Saladino Edoardo , Galati Marica
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the incidence of morbidity and mortality related to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and to evaluate their predictors, in patients with peritoneal metastasis of ovarian origin.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study was carried out investigating results from eight Italian institutions. A total of 276 patients met inclusion criteria. Predictors of morbidity and mortality were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Overall morbidity was 71.4%, and severe complications occurred in 23.9% of the sample; 60-day mortality was 4.3%. According to univariate logistic regression models, grade 3–4 morbidity was related to Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.09; p<0.001), number of intraoperative blood transfusions (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10–1.34; p<0.001), Completeness of Cytoreduction (CC) score (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.16–2.44; p=0.006) and number of anastomoses (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.00–1.73; p=0.046). However, at the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the number of intraoperative blood transfusions (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.5–1.30; p=0.004) and PCI (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.08; p=0.010) resulted as key predictors of severe morbidity. Furthermore, using multivariate logistic regression model, ECOG score (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.21–4.93; p=0.012) and the number of severe complications (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.03–4.52; p=0.042) were recorded as predictors of exitus within 60 days.

Conclusions

The combination of CRS and HIPEC for treating peritoneal metastasis of ovarian origin has acceptable morbidity and mortality and, therefore, it can be considered as an option in selected patients.
Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p pathway mitigates neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro model of spinal cord injury (SCI)
Authors: Li Xin , Qian Yan , Tang Kaihua , Li Yang , Tao Rui , Gong Chunyan , Huang Li , Zou Kaiwen , Liu Lindong
Published: March 2021

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most serious complication of spinal injury, often leading to severe dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. Conventional therapy approaches are becoming less and less effective, and gene therapy is a new research direction by now.

Methods

The Sprague-Dawley rats were haphazardly assigned to two groups, namely sham group and SCI model group, and lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p levels were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Correlation between lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p was ascertained by luciferase report assay and RT-qPCR. After transfection with si-H19, miR-370-3p inhibitor, negative controls (NC), or both, primary spinal neurons were subjected to the simulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for inducing in vitro model of SCI. Cell viability, apoptotic rate, caspase-3 activity, Bax and Bcl-2 protein, ROS generation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein, as well as IκBα and p65 phosphorylation ratio were evaluated adopting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, ROS generation, and western blot assays, thereby searching for the specific action mechanism on LPS-induced spinal never injury.

Results

SCI resulted in lncRNA H19 higher expression and miR-370-3p lower expression. LPS simulation raised a series of cellular biological changes, such as decreased viability, promoted apoptosis, generated ROS, and released inflammatory factors. lncRNA H19 inhibition reversed above LPS-induced changes. Besides, as the downstream target of lncRNA H19, miR-370-3p was oppositely regulated by lncRNA H19. The above biological changes induced by lncRNA H19 inhibition were reversed by miR-370-3p upregulation. Moreover, lncRNA H19 inhibition could block NF-κB pathway through miR-370-3p upregulation.

Conclusion

Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p mitigated spinal neuron apoptosis in an in vitro model of SCI. This provided the possibility for clinical use of gene therapy.
Participation of Muslim Organizations in German Social Politic
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rozhin Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

Modern demographic situation in Germany is characterized by the large number of conflicts and problems, caused by migration. In their center stand Muslim groups. Their lack of solidarity and multifaceted nature poses a serious challenge to the social policy of FDR, which relies on the cooperative model established in relations with nongovernmental actors. However, organizations representing Muslim interests encounter powerful cultural, ideological and institutional barriers in their unsuccessful attempts to become part of the existing system. The article analyzes causes of systematic violation of subsidiarity, neutrality and parity principles in relations to Muslim associations. One of the main goals of the search for better system is understanding factors of successful partnership between state authorities and Muslim organizations. Therefore special attention is given to educational projects.
Biden’s Climate Office and Paris Agreement
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Roginko Sergey
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The subject of the analysis is the initiatives of the new US administration in the field of global efforts in the field of climate change and national climate policy. The author analyzes in detail the main provisions of the Biden administration's climate policy and provides a forecast of the impact of this policy on the nature of the ongoing negotiations on the Paris Agreement. The article analyzes fundamentally new issues, including putting the climate agenda at the forefront of the national domestic and foreign policy and security policy of the United States. The article examines the organizational innovations and management decisions implemented by the Biden administration to implement a new type of climate policy, and their connection with personnel changes in the administration and management of leading federal ministries and departments, which are expressed in a sharp increase in the climate competence of senior personnel. The forecast of areas of greatest activity of the US in negotiations under the Paris agreement and formed for Russia in this context, risks and challenges. The study of possible retaliatory measures from the Russian side is given
The Kainic Acid Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Rusina Evgeniia , Bernard Christophe , Williamson Adam
Published: March 2021

Experimental models of epilepsy are useful to identify potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis, seizure genesis, comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. The kainic acid (KA) model is one of the most commonly used. Several modes of administration of KA exist, each producing different effects in a strain-, species-, gender-, and age-dependent manner. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the various forms of KA administration (systemic, intrahippocampal, and intranasal), as well as the histologic, electrophysiological, and behavioral outcomes in different strains and species. We attempt a personal perspective and discuss areas where work is needed. The diversity of KA models and their outcomes offers researchers a rich palette of phenotypes, which may be relevant to specific traits found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Differential Modulation of Effective Connectivity in the Brain’s Extended Face Processing System by Fearful and Sad Facial Expressions
Authors: Jamieson Alec J. , Davey Christopher G. , Harrison Ben J.
Published: March 2021

The processing of emotional facial expressions is underpinned by the integration of information from a distributed network of brain regions. Despite investigations into how different emotional expressions alter the functional relationships within this network, there remains limited research examining which regions drive these interactions. This study investigated effective connectivity during the processing of sad and fearful facial expressions to better understand how these stimuli differentially modulate emotional face processing circuitry. Ninety-eight healthy human adolescents and young adults, aged between 15 and 25 years, underwent an implicit emotional face processing fMRI task. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we examined five brain regions implicated in face processing. These were restricted to the right hemisphere and included the occipital and fusiform face areas, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Processing sad and fearful facial expressions were associated with greater positive connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. Only the processing of fearful facial expressions was associated with greater negative connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Compared with processing sad faces, processing fearful faces was associated with significantly greater connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. No difference was found between the processing of these expressions and the connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Overall, our findings indicate that connectivity from the amygdala and dlPFC appears to be responding to dimensional features which differ between these expressions, likely those relating to arousal. Further research is necessary to examine whether this relationship is also observable for positively valenced emotions.
Hong Kong in 2020
Authors: Lo Sonny
Published: March 2021

Due to Beijing’s deep concern about its national security being undermined in Hong Kong, where the anti-extradition protests from June to December 2019 not only challenged the legitimacy of both the central and Hong Kong governments but also constituted an attempt at initiating a “color revolution,” a national security law was enacted in late June 2020. The new law aims at demonstrating its immediate deterrent effects on protestors and dissidents by empowering the Hong Kong authorities to pursue suspected offenders. The results were the escape, arrest, and imprisonment of some local political activists. The year 2020 marked the immediate impacts of the national security law on Hong Kong’s political development, resulting in the territory’s truncated autonomy and exerting controls over the society, education, and the judiciary.
Mongolia in 2020
Authors: Rossabi Morris
Published: March 2021

Mongolia in 2020 recorded no COVID-19 deaths, despite its proximity to China, the original hotbed of the outbreak. Yet GDP and exports decreased and unemployment, poverty, crime, and domestic abuse rose, in large part due to the disease. Facing desertification, climate change, overgrazing, and mining damage to pastureland, herders who could not eke out a living continued to migrate to Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, and lived in tents, with no running water and poor sanitation. Elections for the Parliament were held, with the Mongolian People’s Party dominating, but corruption and accusations of money laundering prompted a lack of faith in the government. On the other hand, Mongolia maintained cordial relations with China and Russia, its neighbors, as well as with distant countries.
Vietnam in 2020
Authors: Schuler Paul
Published: March 2021

While Vietnam suffered economically due to COVID-19, the ruling Vietnam Communist Party burnished its image through its successful management of the crisis. This review examines the roots of the party’s success and discusses why the party has nonetheless continued to stifle dissent. It also previews the 13th Party Congress.
Malaysia in 2020
Authors: Tayeb Azmil
Published: March 2021

It was a tumultuous year for Malaysia. As the country was experiencing the onset of the first wave of COVID-19 in late February 2020, the majority coalition, the Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) that formed the federal government at the time broke apart due to defections, symbolized by the so-called Sheraton Move. A new government led by the National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN) coalition came into power after the king appointed its leader, Muhyiddin Yassin, prime minister, replacing Mahathir Mohamad. The PN government immediately faced two severe challenges: the global pandemic threat and the crisis of legitimacy due to weak coalition building. This article mainly focuses on the second challenge, namely the ways the PN government has been able to avoid a parliamentary vote of no confidence and keep its coalition intact, albeit precariously.
System-Methodological Orientation of Teacher’s Activities in the Learning Process
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Shilo Nadezhda Grigoryevna
Published: March 2021

This article shows the actualization and necessity of introducing a system-methodological (constructive) orientation of the teacher’s activity in the learning process. This activity ensures the structural integrity and functional organization of three types of teacher activity: general scientific, proper subject and educational-didactic. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system-methodological orientation of the teacher’s activity from the position of technological foundations means and methods that determine the existence and implementation of the activity.Methodology. The methodological foundations of the research are presented in two directions: analytical-reflexive and design-constructive. In the first direction, the ideas of fundamental theories of cognition and logic, thinking and reflection were used. In the second case-the initial provisions of the constructive and system- structural methodology for the implementation of research activities and. methods and means of system strategy of thinking and practical activity were used. Results of the study. Based on the system-structural view of the activity, the main “structural unit” of the existence of the activity is identified and justified – a system of means by which the activity is carried out. The content and structure of the system of special system-structural means, which are the system-forming, generating factor of the system-methodological activity of the teacher in the learning process, are presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the features of the system-methodological orientation of the teacher’s activity in the learning process. The formation and further implementation of this activity will improve the quality of the teacher’s work in the learning process, optimizing the learning process, as well as increasing the level of training and education.
Pedagogical Objective and the Role of Social Institutions of Novonikolaevsk in the Child-rearing in the Early 19th Century
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Zhumadilova Makhabat Toleubaevna
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Considering the current situation of reforming child welfare institutions, historical and pedagogical view of their formation and development is essential. As a result, socio-historic research mission of pattern, objective, and the content of the work of child welfare institutions has been updated. The purpose of the study is to learn what pedagogical objectives were set for social institutions in the first quarter of the 19th century when they are just beginning to be created; to determine the conditions for using the historical experience of social institutions at an early stage. Methodology and research methods. As theoretical bases for the study of historical and pedagogical analysis, dedicated to educational practice and social protection of children, pre-revolutionary research (V. O. Klyuchevsky, V. I. Guerrier, A. I. Herzen, etc.) as well as late ones (L. V. Badya, M. V. Poddubny, M. V. Firsov, T. S. Dorokhova, Z. I. Lavrentieva) were used. The research method is the analysis of archival materials based on public organizations, reports, memos, and resolutions. In conclusion the author infers about the use of advanced pedagogical experience in the work of child welfare institutions in the first quarter of the 19th century which can be used in our days.
Treatment of cranial cruciate ligament injuries in dogs using a combination of tibial tuberosity advancement procedure and autologous mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells – A pilot study
Authors: Koprivec Saša , Novak Marko , Bernik Stanislav , Voga Metka , Mohorič Luka , Majdič Gregor
Published: March 2021

In the present pilot study, we evaluated different supplemental therapies using autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament defects in dogs. We used tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) and augmented it by supportive therapy with MMSCs in three patient groups. In the first patient group, the dogs were injected with MMSCs directly into the treated stifle one month after surgery. In the second group, MMSCs were delivered in a silk fibroin scaffold which was placed in the osteotomy gap during surgery. In the third group, MMSCs were first mixed with bone tissue and blood from the patient and delivered into the osteotomy gap during surgery. In the control group, patients underwent the TTA procedure but did not receive MMSC treatment. In the group of patients who received cells in the silk fibroin scaffold during surgery, the osteotomy gap did not heal, presumably due to the low absorption of silk fibroin. Patients who received MMSCs mixed with bone tissue and blood during surgery into the osteotomy gap recovered clinically faster and had better healing of the osteotomy gap than dogs from the other two treated groups and from the control group, as assessed by clinical examination and quantification of radiographs. In conclusion, dogs that received stem cells directly into the osteotomy gap (Group 3) recovered faster compared to dogs from Groups 1 (MMSCs injected into the joint one month after surgery), 2 (cells implanted into the osteotomy gap in a silk fibroin scaffold), and the control group that did not receive additional MMSCs treatment.
Management and communication practices in Singapore: lessons from a model economy
Authors:   MBA, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Economics and Sociology, The University of Lodz, Poland, Rehman Sharaf
Published: March 2021

With its 5.8 million inhabitants, retaining its unique version of democracy, and remaining a traditional yet progressive city, Singapore stands as a model economy for other Asian and middle eastern economies. From 1819 to 1963, Malaysia and Singapore – as one country – were a British colony. In 1963, when British rule ended and Malaysia gained her independence, Singapore remained a part of Malaysia. However, the racial tension between Malay, the ethnic Chinese, and other non-Malay groups escalated and turned violent. In 1965, Singapore cut her ties with Malaysia and became a sovereign, independent state. While retaining its collectivistic culture, Singapore has gained a competitive edge as a high-end shopping centre in the region. During the past 60 years, the Singaporean economy and businesses have shifted their focus from the manufacturing of electronic components, computer hard drives, small appliances, and garments to financial services, banking, insurance services, and asset management. Relying on data collected through interviews, observations, and a brief questionnaire, this case study of Singaporean businesses presents a description of the management styles and communication strategies of 78 business managers in Singapore, representing the service, retail, and manufacturing sectors. The data reveal that Human Resources Approach to management is the most common style of management. Analysis of communication content, style, and flow demonstrates that cultural customs such as respect for the elderly, caring for and mentoring the younger generation, loyalty to one’s family, and conformity to family traditions are the driving forces of the businesses in Singapore. The analysis suggests that it is the dominant culture of a society that shapes the business practices and business values in any given society.
LINEARIZED REQUIRED OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS IN ONE SMOOTH GURSA-DARBU SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROBLEM
Authors:   Institute of Control Systems of Azerbaijan NAS, Ramazanova Govkhar
Published: March 2021

In class measurable (in Lebesgue sense) and bounded control vector functions, we consider one non-smooth optimal control problem of the Goursat – Darboux system with a multipoint quality functional, which is a generalization terminal type functional. Applying one modified version of the increment method, and assuming that the right side of the equation and the functional qualities in a vector state have derivatives in any direction, the necessary optimality condition in derivative terms in the direction flax general is proved. The case of a quasidifferentiable quality functional is considered. In particular, the minimax problem is studied. Under the assumption that the control region is convex, taking into account the properties of non-differentiable functions, the necessary optimality condition is established, which is an analog of the linearized integral principle of maximin, which is constructive in nature and generalizes the point wise linearized (differential) maximum principle.
THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF IMMEASURABLE EXTERNALINFLUENCES ON THE SIMULATED OBJECT
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kultyshev Sergei , Kultysheva Liudmila ,   Perm Natio­nal Research Polytechnic University
Published: March 2021

A theorem and an algorithm for approximate identification of parameters and immeasurable external influences for mathematical models of real objects are obtained. This identification problem is one of key importance for design the mathematical models in real mathematics applications.
Photosynthesis, growth, and survival in seedlings of four tropical fruit-tree species under intense radiation
Authors: ORTIZ Daniel , MORENO Flavio , DÍEZ Maria Claudia
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT In the Amazon region, agroforestry systems (AFSs) are recommended as a sustainable production alternative for local communities. A common component in Amazonian AFSs are tropical fruit trees, which can form the canopy or grow in the understory. In this study, we evaluated the effect of high radiation on photosynthesis, growth and seedling survival of four Amazonian fruit-tree species: Theobroma cacao, Eugenia stipitata, Inga edulis and Psidium guajava. Growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, and leaf pigments were measured in seedlings of each species grown for 12 months inside shade houses with low (8%), medium (30%) and high relative illumination (100%). Eugenia stipitata and T. cacao had the lowest acclimation capacity to high solar radiation, followed by I. edulis. Therefore, these species must be grown under intermediate light levels in early growth stages, to protect them from direct sunlight. In contrast, P. guajava seedlings demonstrated high tolerance to elevated radiation, therefore, this species can be planted under full sunlight.
Growth and survival over ten years of Brazil-nut trees planted in three anthropogenic habitats in northern Amazonia
Authors: SCOLES Ricardo , GRIBEL Rogério
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT We examined the growth and survival of Brazil-nut trees, Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) under different environmental conditions and levels of canopy openness within experimental plantations in the Trombetas River valley, in northern Brazil. We planted 144 seedlings in three anthropogenic habitats with different levels of sunlight exposition: crop field (100% canopy opening), shrub fallow (20-80% canopy opening) and Brazil-nut forest (< 10% canopy opening). We measured plant height and diameter annually and recorded mortality and resprouting over ten years. The performance of B. excelsa differed significantly among habitats, with the highest growth rate observed at the highest level of canopy openness (crop field). Survival was highest in crop field (85%) and shrub fallow (63%) and lowest in Brazil-nut forest (17%). Resprouting capacity was higher in the crop field, as Brazil-nut plants recovered after fire episodes, with most plants resprouting more than one shoot. Some trees in the crop field began to produce flowers and fruits at 9-10 years. We showed that B. excelsa juveniles are light-demanding, with higher survival and growth under conditions of high light exposure. We suggest the use of Brazil-nut trees for reforestation, restoration of degraded lands and enrichment of secondary vegetation, as long as an adequate management is adopted (e.g., maintaining plants exposed to direct sunlight and control of competing pioneer species).
Phyllanthus chacoensis (Phyllanthaceae): new record for the Brazilian Amazon and its lectotypification
Authors: MENDES Jone Clebson Ribeiro , SECCO Ricardo de S. , ATHIÊ-SOUZA Sarah Maria , SALES Margareth Ferreira de
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The first record of Phyllanthus chacoensis for the Brazilian Amazon is presented, based on a specimen from Rondônia state. The species can be recognized by its cauliflorous inflorescence, staminate and pistillate flowers with 4 sepals, devoid of a floral disk, 4 stamens, 2-carpellary ovary, drupaceous, ellipsoidal fruits, with one seed per locule. The species was previously known only from the central-western and northeastern regions of the Caatinga and Pantanal domains in Brazil. We provide a list of synonyms, a detailed description, an updated geographic distribution map in Brazil, data on habitat and conservation status, illustrations of its reproductive characters, and detailed photographs. We also propose a lectotype for the species.
First record of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a tritrophic relation with parasitoids in a citrus orchard in Pará state, Brazil
Authors: RODRIGUES Marlon Gonçalves , CAMARGOS Maria Gisely , ALVARENGA Clarice Diniz , SILVA Rosana Cardoso Rodrigues da , AYRES Álvaro Remígio
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Citriculture is a growing industry in Pará state, Brazil, but information regarding fruit flies and their associated parasitoids in this region is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, we collected oranges (Citrus sinensis), lime oranges (C. sinensis), common sweet limes (C. limettioides), citrons (C. medica) and mandarins (C. reticulata). We recorded field infestation by Anastrepha obliqua in C. sinensis under natural conditions for the first time in the study region, and a tritrophic relationship between C. sinensis, A. obliqua, and the parasitoids Opius bellus and Asobara anastrephae was identified.
Gênese Anticolonial do Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano
Authors: Souza Filho Carlos Frederico Marés de
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa o constitucionalismo latino-americano e seu caráter anticolonial no nascedouro dos Estados Nacionais do continente. Para tanto, busca descrever as contradições sociais existentes no momento das independências, no começo do século XIX. Estuda o caráter do constitucionalismo latino-americano, utilizando exemplos das repúblicas do Haiti e do Paraguai e conclui com as dificuldades de sua implantação, que se mantém até hoje.
Poderá o direito ser decolonial?
Authors: Gomes David F. L. , Carvalho Rayann K. Massahud de
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este artigo pretende discutir lacunas teóricas e conceituais na obra de Boaventura Santos a partir de sua vinculação ao Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade, especialmente no que se refere ao direito. Para tanto, inicialmente são apresentadas, em linhas gerais, a história desse grupo e suas características fundamentais. Na sequência, são debatidas as similaridades e as possíveis divergências entre as concepções de B. Santos e o pensamento decolonial, mesmo antes de sua vinculação oficial. Em seguida, os principais desenvolvimentos teóricos e conceituais na obra de B. Santos a partir dessa vinculação são debatidos. Finalmente, as lacunas mencionadas são diretamente abordadas.
Forjando mercados com ferramentas jurídicas: uma agenda de pesquisa sociojurídica
Authors: Mouallem Pedro Salomon Bezerra
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem sociojurídica para análise da institucionalização dos mercados. Sugere-se a importância da dimensão jurídica para análise das instituições e das disputas políticas em mercados, além de delinear um framework para futuras pesquisas. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um exercício de organizar - de modo crítico, mas articulado - trabalhos da sociologia dos mercados e da sociologia do direito e da economia.
Para além do “mundo jurídico”: um diálogo com as equipes multidisciplinares de Juizados (ou Varas) de Violência Doméstica
Authors: Mello Marilia Montenegro Pessoa de , Rosenblatt Fernanda Cruz da Fonseca , Medeiros Carolina Salazar l’Armée Queiroga de
Published: March 2021

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo entender o funcionamento das equipes multidisciplinares atuantes em Juizados (ou Varas) de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher. Buscamos identificar e compreender as possíveis modificações desenvolvidas nesses espaços especializados, inaugurados há mais de uma década, na direção de novas respostas, desafiadoras daquelas tradicionalmente oferecidas pelo Sistema de Justiça Criminal. Para tanto, e tendo por base pesquisa empírica realizada em sete capitais brasileiras, utilizaremos de falas e reflexões extraídas dos grupos focais realizados com as equipes multidisciplinares estudadas, bem como das percepções extraídas de entrevistas com magistrados que atuam na violência doméstica e vítimas desse tipo de conflito. Ao final, propomos o reconhecimento da importância das equipes multidisciplinares na busca de novas saídas à violência doméstica contra a mulher no Brasil, bem como a necessidade de enxergar/admitir as rígidas fronteiras do nosso “mundo jurídico”.
Netnografia da reforma curricular do ensino médio brasileiro
Authors: Nazário Murilo Eduardo , Santos Wagner dos , Ferreira Neto Amarílio
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Quais são as práticas discursivas empreendidas pelos sujeitos que têm discutido sobre a reforma do ensino médio no ciberespaço das mídias sociais? Quem são os sujeitos praticantes dessas discussões? Quais são as narrativas assumidas e difundidas no conteúdo desses discursos? Com essa investigação, almeja-se problematizar os modos como a reforma do ensino médio tem sido abordada nas redes sociais com maior número de usuários no Brasil. Desse modo, realizou-se uma netnografia nas interfaces das redes sociais, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram e YouTube utilizando como fontes as narrativas escritas, imagéticas e audiovisuais veiculadas por atores sociais que discutiram sobre a MP nº 746 nesses lugares online. Os resultados sinalizam para uma disputa de narrativas e contranarrativas sociopolíticas entre direita e esquerda, demarcadas pelos próprios sujeitos, que se reverberam sobre o equacionamento dos impactos que essa reforma provocará no cotidiano dessa etapa da educação básica.
Netnography of curricular reform for Brazilian high school
Authors: Nazário Murilo Eduardo , Santos Wagner dos , Ferreira Neto Amarílio
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Quais são as práticas discursivas empreendidas pelos sujeitos que têm discutido sobre a reforma do ensino médio no ciberespaço das mídias sociais? Quem são os sujeitos praticantes dessas discussões? Quais são as narrativas assumidas e difundidas no conteúdo desses discursos? Com essa investigação, almeja-se problematizar os modos como a reforma do ensino médio tem sido abordada nas redes sociais com maior número de usuários no Brasil. Desse modo, realizou-se uma netnografia nas interfaces das redes sociais, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram e YouTube utilizando como fontes as narrativas escritas, imagéticas e audiovisuais veiculadas por atores sociais que discutiram sobre a MP nº 746 nesses lugares online. Os resultados sinalizam para uma disputa de narrativas e contranarrativas sociopolíticas entre direita e esquerda, demarcadas pelos próprios sujeitos, que se reverberam sobre o equacionamento dos impactos que essa reforma provocará no cotidiano dessa etapa da educação básica.