bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher’s Communication Strategies In Teaching English To Kids
Authors: Maisarah Maisarah
Published: October 2024

In the teaching process, appropriate communication strategies are very important in teaching children because they significantly impact their learning effectiveness. Using communication strategies that align with children's understanding level and interests, educators can facilitate good comprehension, enhance information retention, encourage active engagement, strengthen social skills, and increase children's motivation and interest in learning. This research analyzes teachers' communication strategies in this video based on Bandura's theory: Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation. This qualitative research analyzes data obtained from video on YouTube titled How to teach Kids | from a Prague kindergarten, part 1 | English for Children." The research findings show that teacher successfully applies various effective communication strategies in teaching language to children. The teacher successfully aroused the children's attention by using engaging elements, such as bright colors, relevant pictures, enjoyable, energetic voices, and positive interaction between the teacher and the children.
Representation of Madurese Dialects in English Study Program Students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad Arman Indra , Halili Mohammad
Published: October 2024

AbstarctThis paper aims to identify the Madurese dialects and identify difficult factors for the English study program at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura in understanding Madurese dialects. The communicative goals to some extent are unachievable as the speakers and listeners do not share lexical variation understanding even though they come from the same linguistic background. This applied a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Represented participants from each district (Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, Sumenep) engaged in this paper. They filled out a designed questionnaire shared through Google Form. To analyze the chosen data, the proposing theoretical framework proposed by Wardhaugh, looking at the interwoven between the speaking linguistic data and existing theories. The result of this paper shows that there are lexicon variations of Madurese dialects including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs and there are also difficult factors for English Study Program students at the University of Trunojoyo Madura in understanding the Madurese dialect, including the vocabulary factor, which referred to the number of lexical variations (special words) of the Madurese dialect and the pronunciation factor, which referred to the speed of intonation and accent. Keywords: English study program, Madurese dialect, Representation
Deformation Heat in Tension of Steel Elements
Authors: Moiseychik E. A. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is an approximate computational and experimental assessment of the specific energy intensity and heat generation at various stages of the material’s operation when the sample is stretched. The paper discusses an approximate method for estimating the specific energy intensity and heat generation at four stages of tensile deformation of a steel sample. Finite element modeling of the work of the manufactured sample under elastic-plastic tension was performed in the ANSYS multifunctional software package. The load in the digital model of the sample was applied according to the full-scale test program. The experiment used flat samples in accordance with GOST 1497, a WAW-1000 testing machine with a 100T microcomputer, and a testo 875i thermal imager with a temperature sensitivity of 0.05 °C at 30 °C. We compared the obtained values on graphs of full-scale tests and a digital model of the samples, identifying critical points and deviation values. Phased loading revealed that the development of destruction occurs on the descending branches and is accompanied by the gradual development of local instability of plastic deformation in the form of a “neck”. It is shown that the heating temperature of the tensile metal can be calculated using the formulas proposed in the paper or by calculation using the ANSYS software package. The test results showed that the surface temperatures of the samples at each stage differ significantly. Four main areas were identified on the graph of changes in the sample surface temperature at a point. An analysis of the existing database of measuring instruments and the ability to obtain and process data was carried out. Experimental values of surface temperatures during continuous quasi-static deformation exceed their calculated values (up to 5 times). The kinetics of changes in the temperature field of the sample surface was carried out using thermographic instruments.
Formation of Centers of Excellence in Russia for Stimulating Industrial Development
Authors: Korostyshevskaya E. M. , Stoianova O. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of forming Centers of Excellence in the USSR and the Russian Federation for the period from 1920 to the present on the basis of triune contexts. The research objectives are to identify the key tools for the formation and development of Centers of Excellence and compare the results of their use in order to identify the directions for improving state policy and the mechanism for strengthening them, taking into account the current economic situation and the strategic prospects for the country's development. The following research methods have been applied, namely: induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, systematization, description, empirical, evolutionary, systemic and historical-logical approach to the analysis of certain phenomena and processes. The results of the study have revealed the most effective mechanisms and tools for forming and stimulating the development of Centers of Excellence for the period from the 1920s to the present, and the paper also presents their evolution based on the use of triune contexts. The analysis has shown that it is advisable to take into account the experience of the USSR when developing the mechanism and selecting tools for the formation of Centers of Excellence in modern Russia.
Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome upon Female s' Health Related Quality of Life
Authors: Hassan Huda Baqer , Jadoow Batool Amin
Published: October 2024

متلازمة القولون التهيجي هو من الحالات الشائعة الحدوث والمتصفه بالم في  البطن مع الاسهال او الامساك. وتشير الاحصائيات ان نسبة حدوث المرض هي 1 من بين 1000 فرد مريض سنويا" ونسبة الاصابة تختلف مابين 4-13% ونسبة انتشار المرض من 6-20% وهذه الحالة المرضية كثيرة الانتشار بين النساء عنه عند الرجال ، وتحدث مابين الاعمار 15 و 65 مسببة" مضاعفات طويلة الامد. ان نسبة 15-20% من الاصابات عند النساء تكون مجهولة السبب ويعتقد البعض ان الاضطرابات الجسمية –النفسية قد تكون سبب في ظهور الحالة المرضية واشارت بعض الدراسات  ان النشاطات المناعية في الجسم  قد يكون عامل اخر في ظهور الحالة . لتهيج القولون العصبي تأثير كبير على الانسان من خلال استمرارية ظهور الاعراض وبشكل مزمن مما يؤثر ويعيق النشاطات والمهارات  اليومية بالاضافة  لتاثيرة على الوضع النفسي والعاطفي للفرد، لذا لابد من ايجاد وسائل مساعدة لمعالجة وايقاف هذه العلامات المستمرة ولكي يتكيف المريض مع حالته الصحية دون التاثير على حياته العامة.     
دراسة وصفية تحليلية بدأ العمل بها مابين 8تموز 2008 ولغاية 29 من تشرين الاول 2009 للتعرف على تاثير تهيج القولون العصبي على نوعية حياة النساء.
 اجريت الدراسة الحالية في مستشفى امراض الجهاز الهضمي والكبد في بغداد.عينة غرضية اجريت على 100 مريضة مصابة بتهيج القولون العصبي. تكونت أداة الدراسة من جزئين مع صفحة الترحيب بالمشاركين في الدراسة
الجزء الاول: المعلومات اليموغرافية للمريض.
الجزء الثاني:تم  استعمال المقياس العالمي المتضمن 36فقرة الذي يتعلق بقياس نوعية الحياة الصادر من منظمة الصحة العالمية والمتضمن المحاور التالية ( الوضع الصحي، الوظائف الجسمية، الدور الوظيفي، الدور العاطفي، الوظيفة الاجتماعية، الالم الجسمي، الفعاليات، الصحة العقلية، الصحة العامـة).
اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ل(100) امراة مصابة بتهيج القولون العصبي ان 30%من النساء هن من الفئات العمرية (28-37) سنة و 54% منهن متزوجات ومستمرة حياتهم الزوجية ومعظم المصابات هن موظفات (61%) وغالبية المصابات هن خريجات جامعيات (42%) واظهرت الدراسة ان نصف العينة من ذوات الدخل العالي ونسبة 47% من المصابات هن من النوع المتناوب بين الامساك والاسهال لتهيج القولون وكان الدور الجسمي والدور العاطفي قد حصل على اقل متوسط حسابي عن المحاور الاخرى لمقياس نوعية الحياة.
توصلت الدراسة ان لتهيج القولون العصبي تاثير سلبي على نوعية حياة النساء اللواتي  ضمن الفئات العمرية( 28-37) وعلى النساء المطلقات والنساء الموظفات في المؤسسات الحكومية.
Mating Competitiveness and Flight Ability of Sterile Males of Cucurbits Fruit Fly Dacus ciliatus ((Loew)(Diptera:Tefritidae)
Authors: Alrubeai Hussain . F. , Yousif George. S. B. , AL-Azzawi Bader. A. , Hamad Bassim. Sh.
Published: October 2024

أظهرت  نتائج دراسة مستوى التنافس ألتزاوجي للذكور البازغة من عذارى مشععة بعمر 7 أيام بالجرعة الإشعاعية 100 غري أنها كانت ذات قابلية تزاوج جيدة عند إطلاقها مع ذكور وإناث غير مشععة بالنسبتين 3 :1 :1 و 5: 1 : 1 وذات قابلية عالية بالنسبتين 7 :1 :1  و9 : 1 :1     ( ذكور مشععة : ذكور غير مشععة : إناث غير مشععة ).  أما الذكور البازغة من عذارى مشععة بالجرعة 120 غري  فكانت ذات قابلية تنافس جيدة في النسبتين 7 :1 :1    و 9 :1 :1  .
وفي دراسة قابلية الطيران للحشرات المشععة أظهرت النتائج عدم تأثير الإشعاع على مؤشر قابلية الطيران للحشرات البازغة من عذارى مشععة بعمر 7 أيام بالجرع الإشعاعية 80 و100 و120 غري لكنها انخفضت معنويا عند الجرعة 200 غري .
Measuring the effect of cell mismatch on PSPICE module model output
Authors: Kubba Zainab M.
Published: October 2024

يقدم  هذا البحث طريقة نظرية لحساب عامل عدم التماثل (mismatch factor) باستخدام برنامج PSPICE  . من خلال دراسة هذا العامل تمت ملاحظة تأثير عامل عدم التماثل في خواص اللوح الشمسي وكذلك قدرته. عمليا في هذه الدراسة تم استخدام موديل للوح يتكون من 36 خلية شمسية مربوطة على التوالي والمبني في برنامج PSPICEمن عمل سابق قامت به الباحثة.  وبما ان تطبيقات اللوح الشمسي كافة تحتاج الى سلسلة من الالواح التي تربط على التوالي او التوازي لتحقيق التيار والفولتية المناسبة لذلك، تم فحص تأثير عدم التماثل في خلايا اللوح الشمسي عند ربطها على التوالي والتوازي ايضا. أثبتت الدراسة ان تأثير هذا العامل يختفي عند  ربط الالواح على التوازي.
Relation between Body Iron Store and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: AL-Tai Wafa F. , Mohammed Inaam A. , Sabri Mayada S.
Published: October 2024

تم التحري عن التداخلات السريرية لحالة الحديد في الجسم والتي تشمل (حديد مصل الدم والحديد المخزون في الفيريتين) عند مرضى داء السكري غير المعتمد على الانسولين(النوع 2 ) .
شملت الدراسة  36  انثى ، من الاناث  18 مصابة بداء السكري ( النوع 2) و  18 انثى من الاصحاء .
كانت المجموعتين متقاربتين بالعمر وفي مؤشر كتلة الجسم (BMI ).
اما مجموعة المريضات فقد كانت متماثلة فيما بينها من حيث العمر ومؤشر كتلة الجسم والعلاجات الفموية الخافضة للسكر(مثل الكلبنكلامايد والميتفورمين )ومضاعفات داء السكر.
تم قياس الدوال الكيموحيوية لمجموعتي الاصحاء والمرضى وقد شملت :- الانسولين, الكلوكوز بعد الصيام, الحديد في مصل الدم والفيريتين.
لوحظت زيادة معنوية عالية في جميع هذه الدوال عند المرضى مقارنة  بالاصحاء. وقد كانت هذه الزيادة واضحة في مقاومة الانسولين (IR ) والتي تم حسابها حسب المعادلة :-
 
IR = (الانسولين µIU/ ml ×  الكلوكوز mmol/ L) / 22.5
 
حيث وجدت (275.9 ± 22.7 ) مقارنة بالاصحاء (41.5 ± 11.3 )
Solving Parabolic Partial Differential Equations using Modified Bellman's Method with G-Spline Interpolation
Authors: Mohammed Osama H.
Published: October 2024

إنّ الهدف الرئيس من هذا البحث هو تقريب حل المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية المكافئة(Parabolic partial differential equations) وذلك باستخدام طريقة بيلمان وبالاعتماد على صيغة دوال السبلاين-G للاندراج. ستتحول المعادلة التفاضلية الجزئية عندئذ الى منظومة معادلات تفاضلية إعتيادية من الرتبة الاولى وسيتم حل النظام الناتج بسهولة بوساطة أستخدام مصفوفة الحل الاساسية. وفي البحث يمكن عد طريقة بيلمان تعميما لطريقة بيلمان الاعتيادية ولأي رتبة مشتقة إعتيادية.
Scheduling Job Families on a Single Machine
Authors: Mahmood Adawiyah A. , Saheab Naji  M.
Published: October 2024

إن هــــــــذا البحث يتناول دراسة   n من النتاجات (  jobs) على ماكنة واحدة بحيــــــــــث أن هذه النتاجات مقسمة إلى F من العوائل (Families   ) ، كل عائــــــــلة (  f=1 , ………, F) تحتوي على  nf  من النتاجات ، الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو إيجاد قيد ادنى لمسألة تصغير دالـــــــــة الهدف المركبة وهي مجمـــــــــوع أوقات الإتمام وأعظم تأخيــــر لاســــــالب (The sum of completetion times and the maximum tardiness) .
في هذا البحث يتم إيجاد قيد أدنى ( Lower bound ) لغرض استخدامه في خوارزمية التقيد والتفرع  للحصول على الجدول الأمثل .
Growth Techniques and Some Physical Properties of InSb Single Crystal
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed K. , Mohammed Ghuson H. , Hadi Fadhil Y.
Published: October 2024

تم في هذا البحث إنماء بلورة مفردة من مركب InSb وبطريقة السحب من المنصهر النقي للمواد الأولية للمركب وباستخدام الفرن الحراري ذو النطاقين (two-zone furnes).درست بعض الخصاءص الفيزياوية للبلورة المنماة , حيث حدد التركيب البلوري للشرائح البلورية وكذلك الأغشية الرقيقة المرسبة بطريقة التبخير الحراري باستخدام مطياف الأشعة السينية (XRD) وأظهرت النتائج المستحصلة وجود شدة انعكاس عالية ومفردة تمثل اتجاه النمو البلوري للمستوي (220) لشرائح العينات البلورية بينما شدات انعكاس مختلفة لاتجاهات بلورية متعددة للأغشية الرقيقة تمثل التركيب البلوري المتعدد.
حددت الخصائص البصرية عند حافة الامتصاص الاساسية للعينات المحضرة بدرجة حرارة الغرفة وقيست فجوة الطاقة البصرية وكانت قيمتها (0.16 eV) للشرائح البلورية المفردة و (0.17 eV) للأغشية الرقيقة المرسبة.
ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة ومقارنة بعض الخواص الفيزيائية لبلورات منمات احادية البلورة واغشية رقيقة لمادة (InSb) .
Kitamori Kazoh’s “Theology of the Pain of God”: Main Ideas
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Bertova Anna
Published: October 2024

Kitamori Kazoh (1916–1998) is considered to be one of the most prominent Ja­panese theologists, whose ideas had a wide response from abroad. His main work, “Theology of the Pain of God” (Kami no Itami no Shingaku), became a spiritual breakthrough for the Japanese after the WWII, signifying a new way of development of Christianity in Japan in the postwar period. Kitamori’s idea that people feeling pain and suffering can get closer to understanding God and His pain of loving the unlovable, i.e. sinners deserving His wrath, not love, re­flected the sentiments characteristic of the Japanese who had experienced atomic bombings and defeat in the war. “Theology of the Pain of God” gained much at­tention in the 1970-s with the spread of the so-termed genitive theology, on one hand, and the rise of the interest of theologians in the reevaluation of suffering, on the other. The article aims at analyzing the key statements of “the theology of the pain of God” by Kitamori Kazoh, and the historical and cultural context of its emergence. The author focuses on Kitamori’s idea of the pain of God as emerging on the joint of God’s wrath and God’s love, being the essence of God and the keypoint upon which Christian theology should be built; on the idea of the suffering of the mankind as a symbol of God’s pain, and on Kitamori’s supposition that the Japanese, as a people that has experienced great suffering and sorrow, is chosen by God and is much closer to the understanding of the pain of God and, consequently, of the essence of God
Novel Artificial Lift Technology Improves Marginal Field Economics-A Case Study
Authors: DuBois S. , Aldridge D. , Sommese G.
Published: October 2024

As an oilfield matures, the economics of continuing production are heavily influenced by the day-to-day lease operating expenses (LOEs). One major component of LOEs can be the artificial lift. The objectives of this case study were to evaluate the economic improvement of a brownfield utilizing an innovative artificial lift system. Results are compared to the previous use of rod lift technology. Additionally, features and benefits of the system for broader applications are discussed in detail.

The artificial lift method examined in this paper involves replacement of existing artificial lift systems, typically rod lift, as is the case in this application. This case study highlights the experiences of the Operator of mature properties that removed rod lift equipment and replaced it with the novel pneumatic technology throughout the field. It highlights the tangible economic benefits of the conversion and discusses additional applications of the system in shallow well environments.

This paper first presents a brief history of the field development, setting the stage of the environmental challenges for the application of any recovery system. Research of product performance and its applicability to the subject field was followed by field visits to another Operator's location utilizing the technology. It documents the three-step field test and deployment program, that covers a span of four years: initial installation of seven wells, two more installations over the next year and finally a complete changeover of every producing well under management of the Operator. The expectation that the change of technology would reduce lease operating expenses was met and is quantified in the paper. Inherent issues associated with rod lift and tubing were eliminated (i.e., tubing holes due to corrosion, packing changes and pump failures) leading to additional production days per year. Furthermore, electricity costs have been reduced due to the self-regulation of the new pumps and centralization of the power supply. These ancillary benefits will also be illustrated.

The case study presented in this paper will benefit engineers and technicians who wish to extend the life of their assets by reducing the costs associated with their existing artificial lift. This is accomplished by replacing what is perhaps the most common method of artificial lift utilized for initial, secondary and tertiary recovery, with a field proven novel system. Furthermore, the paper will highlight the environmentally friendly features of the system that align with the growing focus on, and concerns with, ESG by eliminating methane emissions.
Novel Re-Crosslinkable Preformed Particle Gels (RPPG) for Parent- and Infill-Well-Fracture Interactions Mitigation
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Alotibi Adel , Al-Hlaichi Ahmed , Liu Yanbo , Song Tao , Liu Junchen , Bai Baojun , Schuman Thomas
Published: October 2024

Hydraulic fracturing treatments in unconventional infill (or "child") wells can be significantly affected by depletion from existing parent-well, resulting in asymmetrical fracture growth. These issues may lead to excessive load-water production, proppant deposition, casing deformation in the parent well, and unbalanced stimulation of infill wells. To mitigate these effects, various strategies have been proposed, including the use of far-field diverters in child wells and repressurization of parent wells. Additionally, an increasingly popular strategy involves injecting near-wellbore diverters to temporarily plug entry points into the parent wellbores during frac operations on infill wells. To achieve better application, a novel low-cost, self-degradable, re-crosslinkable preformed particle gel (RPPG) has been developed and evaluated. Preliminary characterization results indicate that this RPPG exhibits sufficient thermal stability and self-degrading performance at 150°C during the required timeframe, with minimal residues. It also demonstrates good injectivity and plugging efficiency.
The Relationship Between Maternal Overprotection and School Adjustment Among Chinese Late School-age Children: The Dual Mediating Effects of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration
Authors: Kwon Mina , Sun Huiling , Lee Jinsuk
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study examines the dual mediating effects of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration on the relationship between maternal overprotection as perceived by Chinese late school-age children and their school adjustment.
Methods: The subjects encompassed 329 fifth to sixth grade children in city R, China. Pearson correlation and mediation analyses were performed on the collected data using Process macro (Model 4) in SPSS 25.0Results: First all major variables showed significant correlations with each other. Second, the analysis of the dual mediating effects revealed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between maternal overprotection and school adjustment whereas frustration did not.
Conclusions: Maternal overprotection and children's basic psychological needs are important in Chinese children’s school adjustment. Basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration emerged as different mediating paths in the relationship between maternal overprotection and children's school adjustment.
Developing a short version of the Comprehensive Happiness Scale for early childhood teachers: A hybrid machine learning approach
Authors: Goh EunKyoung , Jeon Hyoheong
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study develops and validates a shortened version of the Comprehensive Happiness Scale for early childhood teachers using a hybrid machine learning approach.
Methods: Secondary data on 212 early childhood teachers were used to develop and validate a comprehensive 53-item happiness scale. First, the full 53-item data were fed through unsupervised learning to stratify the latent population for item responses. Next, candidate shortened versions with different item counts, (3-25 items), were created to investigate concurrent validity. The shortened instruments’ validity was compared using Kappa coefficients and AUC values calculated by supervised learning.
Results: First, after inputting early childhood teachers’ response data on all 53 items, the entire sample (N = 212, m = 3.59, sd = 0.40) was stratified into three latent groups through unsupervised learning. These groups were identified to have lower overall composite happiness, with particularly low levels of “satisfaction and engagement with the organization” and “leisure and physical well-being” (N = 52, m = 3.11, sd = 0.18), higher overall composite happiness with particularly high levels of “psychological well-being” (N = 50, m = 4.11, sd = 0.25); and an intermediate group (N = 110, m = 3.58, sd = 0.17) similar to the total population mean and distributed between the other two groups' composite happiness levels. Second, the shortened 17-item instrument was adequate to categorize the low (Kappa = 0.98, AUC = 1.00), high (Kappa = 0.98, AUC = 1.00), and intermediate (Kappa = 0.85, AUC = 0.98) groups in terms of comprehensive happiness.
Conclusions: A shortened 17-item instrument was developed to measure early childhood teachers’ comprehensive happiness. This shortened instrument can be used to more easily and accurately measure the happiness level of infant and toddler teachers and support their comprehensive happiness.
A novel lncRNA AC112721.1 promotes the progress of triple-negative breast cancer by directly binding to THBS1 and regulating the miR-491-5p/C2CD2L axis
Authors: sheng Miaomiao , Ma Ping , Kang Shiyao , Li Huimin , Li Ming , zhao Yuan , Yuan Hongjun , Pang Jianyu , Tang Wenru
Published: October 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) seriously threatens women's health, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression and play fundamental roles in TNBC. This study aims to explore lncRNAs that can provide effective targets for the early diagnosis or treatment of TNBC. Here, we utilized the TCGA database to analyze differentially expressed genes, survival analysis and ROC curve analysis were also carried out. Notably, we identified a novel lncRNA, AC112721.1, which was significantly overexpressed in TNBC and associated with poor overall survival of TNBC patients. The loss and gain-of functional experiments revealed that AC112721.1 significantly promoted cells proliferation, migration, and suppressed cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Further study of underlying mechanisms demonstrated that AC112721.1 regulated the Ras pathway by directly binding to THBS1 protein and also functioned as ceRNA by sponging miR-491-5p to increase the expression of C2CD2L, thereby influencing the progression of TNBC. Taken together, our study indicated that AC112721.1 might be a new biomarker for the evaluation of TNBC prognosis and the treatment of TNBC.
All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Ferrari Eugenio , Ueda Hiroki , Fainozzi Danny , Osaka Taito , Bencivenga Filippo , Burian Max , Carrara Pietro , Vila-Comamala Joan , Cucini Riccardo , David Christian , Gessini Alessandro , Gerber Simon , Goloborodko Andrii , Hrabec Aleš , Inoue Ichiro , Inubushi Yuichi , Leroy Ludmila Diniz , Roesner Benedikt , Rouxel Jérémy , Serrat Carles , Scagnoli Valerio , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina , Yamada Jumpei , Yamamoto Kohei , Zdora Marie , Beye Martin , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Paris Eugenio , Pedrini Bill , Masciovecchio Claudio , Chergui Majed , Staub Urs , Svetina Cristian
Published: October 2024

A microscopic understanding of matter requires the study of excitations across an extended spatial, time and frequency range. The tens of nanometer lengthscale is crucial for transport phenomena in liquids and crystals. It holds the key to understanding phenomena such as charge, spin and heat diffusion at the frontier of diffusive and ballistic regimes. At the nanometer scale, disorder, diffusion, and relevant physical phenomena deviate from classical descriptions. It also covers the dynamics of charge/spin ordering and of the lattice. Opticaldomain transient gratings (TG) spectroscopy demonstrated access to all relevant degrees of freedom (e.g. charge, lattice, orbital and spin) of matter, but are limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG spectroscopy has represented a major leap forward as it allowed access to mesoscopic scales. 1–4 Using hard X-rays for excitation and probing can extend TG spectroscopy beyond the aforementioned length scales. While hard X-ray generated TGs and their probing by optical pulses were recently reported, 5,6 here we present an X-ray TG (XTG) study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our study establishes key ingredients that allow previously inaccessible length (and therefore, momentum) regions. Ultrafast all X-ray TG thus emerges as a complementary approach to methods, such as inelastic neutron7 and X-ray8 scattering techniques, that are commonly used in the study of microscopic transport phenomena.
Gait Characteristics in Stroke Patients with Vestibular Symptoms Under Different Walking Speed Conditions
Authors: Yin Miaomiao , Li Yaqing , Cui Liling , Wang Fei , Chen Junying , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2024

Objective
To investigate the gait kinematic parameters of stroke patients with vestibular symptoms at different walking speeds.
Methods
Thirty-eight patients with brainstem stroke hospitalized in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were included, along with 30 control subjects matched in gender, age, and education level. The walking stability was evaluated by 7⁃Meter walking test, and the differences in gait parameters were analyzed under conditions of fast, self-selected, and slow walking speeds.
Results
Under the fast-walking conditions, there were no statistically significant differences in the spatial gait parameters of step speed and stride length between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of double support time, a temporal parameter (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the percentage of terminal double support, stride frequency, and stride duration (P > 0.05). Under the self-selected and slow walking conditions, except for stride frequency and step duration, all other gait parameters showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Specifically, in the group with vestibular symptoms, their spatial gait parameters of stride length and step speed were lower than those in the control group (both P = 0.000), while the percentage of terminal double support and double support time were higher than the control group (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Walking speed significantly influences the gait parameters of stroke patients with vestibular symptoms, particularly under slow and self-selected walking speeds. This provides important clinical value for the implementation of precision rehabilitation treatment.
Evaluation of the Applicability of an Artificial Intelligence System for Mammography Analysis Trained on Overseas Data for Japanese Domestic Data
Authors: Makita Maya , Murakami Kouzou , Murakami Wakana , Takamatsu Hiroko , Kanai Takahiro , Sekimoto Atsuhito , Ito Yoshinori , Ohgiya Yoshimitsu
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the performance of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis system (AI-CAD), Lunit INSIGHT MMG, in detecting breast cancer from digital mammography images of Japanese women. We collected digital mammography images from two groups at Showa University Hospital. One group consisted of surgical and biopsy specimens of breast lesions between January and December 2019, and the other was digital mammography images taken at Showa University Hospital during the same period. The AI-CAD system was developed based on a convolutional neural network trained on over 200,000 cases, overseas of Japan. We analyzed the breast cancer detection capabilities and compared the results with the interpretations of the radiologists and breast surgeons. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve to evaluate the data. We evaluated the performance of the Lunit INSIGHT MMG using a dataset of 676 breasts from 338 patients. Although no significant overall difference was observed, the radiologists reported increased sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC values, on average. The AI-CAD system trained on overseas data showed comparable effectiveness with Japanese data.
Utilizing Fetal MRI and Prenatal Medical Exome Sequencing for Prenatal Diagnosis of Kinked Brainstem: A Case Series
Authors: Wang Yunan , Liu Chang , Liu Ling , Yang Chaoxiang , Huang Yanlin , Geng Juan , Qi YiMing , Zhao Xin , Xiong Ying , Fang Liyuan , Wu Jing , Yin Aihua
Published: October 2024

Objective
Utilizing fetal MRI and prenatal Medical Exome Sequencing (pMES) for prenatal diagnosis in fetuses exhibiting a kinked or 'z-shaped' brainstem.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on cases of brainstem kinking identified on antenatal imaging between January 2013 and December 2022. Systematic review was performed on clinical data from these cases, encompassing maternal demographics, indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound findings, SNP-array results, trio-medical exome sequencing (Trio-MES) results, pregnancy outcomes and follow-ups.
Results
Two cases of fetuses presenting with a "kinked brainstem," along with other CNS abnormalities in fetal MRI were identified using Trio pMES. Prenatal phenotype features observed in our case series include "Z" shaped brainstem, hydrocephalus, hyperechogenic kidneys and generalized skin edema, cobblestone lissencephaly, cerebellar dysplasia, cerebral arachnoid cyst. Trio pMES identified a homozygous variant at c.815_816del (p.Leu272ArgfsTer117) in the FKRP gene for Patient 1. For Patient 2, a de novo heterozygous variant c.848A > G(p.H283R) was detected in the TUBA1A gene. Both variants were predicted to be likely pathogenic or pathogenic.
Conclusion
A kinked or "z-shaped" brainstem is a finding that can be more easily delineated on fetal MRI compared to fetal ultrasound, indicating an underlying dystroglycanopathy (Walker-Warburg phenotype) or tubulinopathy. Prenatal exome sequencing can aid in achieving early prenatal genetic diagnosis for cases of "kinked brainstem". Moreover, our study expands its scope by incorporating additional features such as hyperechogenic kidneys and generalized skin edema into the prenatal findings of Walker-Warburg syndrome.
Mitigating Energy Holes and Enhancing QoS in Delay Tolerant Networks: The EEEHR-M Protocol
Authors: KARUPPIAH LAKSHMI PRABHA , CHENGUTTUVAN EZHILAZHAGAN
Published: October 2024

Networks with limited resources, known as delay-tolerant networks (DTNs), experience data loss as a result of node energy depletion and reduced network lifetime. To tackle these problems, the Energy Efficient Energy Hole Repelling Protocol for Mobile Nodes in Delay Tolerant Networks (EEEHR-M) is being developed. In this procedure, clusters are created, and the distance from the sink and leftover energy are used to determine the Cluster Head (CH). These CHs facilitate communication between adjacent clusters. The sink's location and the energy levels of the cluster's nodes are taken into account during cluster creation, the reduction of Cluster Members (CMs), and the optimal Cluster Head (CH) selection. An innovative remedy for the existing energy hole is provided by the suggested algorithm, EEEHR-M. The simulation results demonstrate an enhancement in the proposed routing protocol, Quality of Service (QoS) by 4%, with 8% less energy consumption and 6% less average latency when compared to other Epidemic, Optimal Energy Consumption Protocol (OECP), and Optimal Opportunistic Forwarding (OOF) protocols.
Development, optimization and application of a Universal Fluorescence Multiplex PCR-based assay to detect BCOR genetic alterations in pediatric tumors
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yao Xingfeng , Zhang Nan , Yu Yongbo , Jia Chao , Guan Xiaoxing , Xu Wenjian , Ni Xin , Guo Yongli , He Lejian
Published: October 2024

Background
A number of genetic aberrations are associated with the BCL6-correpresor gene (BCOR), including internal tandem duplications (ITDs) and fusions (BCOR-CCNB3 and BCOR-MAML3), as well as YWHAE-NUTM2, which are found in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations, primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy, and high-grade neuroepithelial tumors in children. Detecting these gene aberrations is crucial for tumor diagnosis. ITDs can be identified by targeted Sanger sequencing or agarose gel electrophoresis. However, gene fusions are usually detected through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization. Methods that monitor these variants simultaneously in a sensitive and convenient manner are lacking in clinical practice.
Methods
This study validated a Universal Fluorescence Multiplex PCR-based assay that assessed BCOR ITDs, BCOR-CCNB3, BCOR-MAML3 and YWHAE-NUTM2 fusions simultaneously.
Results
The assay achieved a detection threshold of 10 copies for fusion genes and 0.3 ng genomic DNA for BCOR ITDs. The performance of this assay was also tested in a cohort of 43 pediatric tumors (17 undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas, and 26 tumors with a histological diagnosis of CCSK). In total, 20 BCOR ITDs, 4 BCOR-CCNB3 and one YWHAE-NUTM2 were detected. When compared with the final diagnosis, the assay achieved 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Conclusions
Accordingly, this assay provided an effective and convenient method for detecting BCOR- and YWHAE-related abnormalities in tumors.
Prognosis of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and indeterminate response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy: considerations for application of LYRIC criteria in real clinical practice
Authors: Fedorova Liudmila , Lepik Kirill , Gusak Artem , Kotselyabina Polina , Moiseev Ivan , Baykov Vadim , Mikhailova Natalia , Kulagin Alexander
Published: October 2024

PD-1 inhibitors have shown unconventional response patterns in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). These include the phenomenon of pseudoprogression, highlighting the need for specialized response criteria such as the LyRIC, which stringened definitions for disease progression with introduction of indeterminate response category. Despite their potential utility, these provisional criteria are currently underutilized and require further refinement through clinical practice data collection. In this retrospective study LyRIC criteria were systematically used for response assessments in 180 patients with refractory cHL treated with nivolumab. Median follow-up was 60 months. Indeterminate response (IR) was a frequent phenomenon in study population: at 3 months of therapy 63 (35%) patients had an indeterminate response (IR1 7%, IR2 23%, IR3 6%). Among them 18 (29%) achieved an objective response with continued monotherapy. There were no differences in OS or TTNT depending on the type of IR. IR was the best achieved response in 45 (25%) patients. Patients with IR had favorable prognosis with no difference in OS, PFS and TTNT comparing to patients with PR when subsequent therapy was initiated due to disease progression. Patients with IR may achieve prolonged disease control or a deeper response upon continuing treatment. These findings support the broader implementation and adjustment of LyRIC criteria in clinical practice to enhance decision-making in cHL patients treated with immunotherapy.
Leptin augments the inflammatory effect of Interleukin 1 Beta on synoviocytes mainly through NF-kB and STAT3 prompting its possible implementation in OA pathogenesis
Authors: Wayupat Atitaya , Kongtawelert Prachya , Pothacharoen Peraphan , Shwe Thuzar Hla , Phitak Thanyaluck
Published: October 2024

Background
Increasing evidences have shown high osteoarthritis (OA) incidence in both weight and non-weight bearing joints among obese patients. Since leptin level in synovial fluid of obese OA patients was elevated compared to that of healthy people, leptin may be a crucial contributing factor in pathogenesis of OA, especially for non-weight bearing joints, in obese patients. This study aimed to examine the effect of leptin on synovial inflammation in the presence or absence of IL-1β, known inducer of joint inflammation, and the plausible intracellular mechanisms in SW982 synoviocytes.
Methods and results
Leptin, in the physiological concentration, as low as 1 ng/mL, can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, in synoviocytes by activating p65, p38, JNK, STAT1, and STAT3. In addition, the lowest pathological concentration of leptin can enhance the inflammatory effect of IL-1β resulting in significantly higher production of IL-6 and IL-8 via activation of p65 and STAT3, highlighting its role in pathogenesis of inflammation-related OA.
Conclusions
Our research discovered crosstalking of p65 and STAT3, it may have a significant role in the development of OA in the joints of obese people by enhancing inflammation through the activation of p65 and STAT3.
Evaluation of colorectal liver metastases using virtual monoenergetic images obtained from dual-layer spectral computed tomography
Authors: Bae Jae Seok , Yoon Jeong Hee , Kim Jae Hyun , Han Seungchul , Park Sungeun , Kim Se Woo
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To assess the potential of virtual monoenergetic images in assessing colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) compared with conventional CT images
Methods
This single-center, retrospective study included 173 consecutive patients (mean age, 65.5 ± 10.6 years; 106 men) who underwent dual-layer spectral CT (DLSCT) between November 2016 and April 2021. Portal venous phase images were reconstructed using hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose) and virtual monoenergetic imaging at 50 keV. Four radiologists independently and randomly reviewed the de-identified iDose and 50 keV images. Lesion detection, CRLM conspicuity, and CRLM diagnosis were compared between these images using a generalized estimating equation analysis. The reference standards used were histopathology and follow-up imaging findings.
Results
The study included 797 focal liver lesions, including 463 CRLMs (median size, 18.1 mm [interquartile range, 10.9–37.7 mm]). Lesion detection was better with 50 keV images than with iDose images (45.0% [95% CI: 39–50] vs 40.0% [95% CI: 34–46], P = .003). CRLM conspicuity was higher in the 50 keV images than in the iDose images (3.27 [95% CI: 3.09–3.46] vs 3.09 [95% CI: 2.90–3.28], P < .001). However, the specificity for diagnosing CRLM was lower with 50 keV images than with iDose images (94.5% [95% CI: 91.6–96.4] vs 96.0% [95% CI: 93.2–98.1], P = .022), whereas sensitivity did not differ significantly (77.6% [95% CI: 70.3–83.5] vs 76.9% [95% CI: 70.0–82.7], P = .736). Indeterminate lesions were more frequently noted in 50 keV images than in iDose images (13% [445/3188] vs 9% [313/3188], P = .005), and 56% (247/445) of the indeterminate lesions at 50 keV were not CRLMs.
Conclusion
The 50 keV images obtained from DLSCT were better than the iDose images in terms of CRLM conspicuity and lesion detection. However, 50 keV images did not improve CRLM diagnosis but slightly increased the reporting of indeterminate FLLs associated with CRLMs.
The Neural Correlates of Social Appraisal Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Li Miao , Li Jia-xv , Han Jia-min , Liu Xiao-hong , Gao Xue-zheng , Chen Li-min , Zhou Zhen-he , Zhou Hong-liang
Published: October 2024

Background: Research has demonstrated that some individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit more distorted social appraisal than non-depressed individuals. This study aimed to explore the neuroelectrophysiological mechanisms of emotional processing bias in patients with MDD and thus to understand their functional properties of social appraisal.
Methods: Thirty-four patients with MDD and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were selected. The behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) data of the Socio-emotional Preference Task (SePT) were recorded and analyzed.
Results: The behavioral results showed that the MDD group showed longer reaction times (RTs) to both negative and positive stimuli compared to the HCs group, preferring negative stimuli. The ERP data indicated that the MDD group exhibited higher P200 amplitudes for negative and neutral stimuli compared to the HCs group. Additionally, they showed higher LPP amplitudes for negative and positive stimuli, with longer LPP latencies for negative stimuli. In the MDD group, multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that LPP amplitudes were positively correlated with RTs for positive stimuli and negatively correlated with RTs for negative stimuli. Conversely, P200 amplitudes were negatively correlated with RTs for negative stimuli but positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) scores. Moreover, HDRS-17 scores positively correlated with the self-reported preference for negative stimuli but negatively correlated with the self-reported preference for positive stimuli.
Conclusion: Patients with MDD tend to choose negative information that is consistent with negative self-schema. The brain devotes more cognitive resources and longer RTs to processing negative stimuli, starting from the early stages (P200) and extending into the later stages (LPP), there is a tendency for processing fixation. RTs of patients with MDD to negative and positive stimuli can predict the amplitudes of LPP. Additionally, their preference for negative stimuli and avoidance of positive stimuli can predict depressive symptom severity.
Trial of Labor and Neonatal Outcomes in Extreme prematurity <28 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Gilboa Itamar , Gabbai Daniel , Yogev Yariv , Lavie Anat , Attali Emmanuel , Zaltz Noa , Herzlich Jacky , Melamed Ben , Hiersch Liran , Lavie Michael
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The optimal mode of delivery for extremely preterm infants remains a subject of debate, particularly concerning the potential benefits of planned cesarean delivery.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare adverse neonatal outcomes between planned cesarean delivery and a trial of labor for singleton infants born before 28 weeks of gestation.
STUDY DESIGN
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies delivered between 240/7 and 276/7 weeks of gestation at a single university-affiliated tertiary medical center. Patients were categorized into two groups: patients who opted a trial of vaginal delivery (TOL group) and those who had planned cesarean delivery (CD group). The primary outcome included neonatal death before discharge and severe neurological injury. Postnatal outcomes were recorded during hospitalization before discharge, and data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat analysis. Additional sub-analyses included women with spontaneous onset of labor without maternal or neonatal delivery indications and those within the gestational age range of 250/7 to 276/7 weeks.
RESULTS
A total of 199 patients were eligible for inclusion: 64 opted a trial of vaginal delivery (TOL group), while 135 underwent planned cesarean delivery (CD group). Within the TOL group, there was a higher incidence of delivery at 240/7- 246/7 weeks of gestation. Five women (7.8%) in the TOL group underwent intrapartum urgent CD. No disparities in the rates of primary or overall composite outcomes were observed between the TOL and CD groups (26.6% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.448 and 85.9% vs. 90.4%, p = 0.352, respectively). Adjusted multivariate analysis did not find significance between a trial of labor or planned cesarean delivery.
CONCLUSIONS
In extreme preterm births between 24–28 weeks of gestation no difference was found for the risk for adverse neonatal outcomes between those who had a trial of labor and those who underwent planned cesarean delivery.
Dissecting the association between breast cancer and scar conditions and fibrosis of skin : a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jinhao , Wang Qianru , Zhan Lijun , Lv Yafeng , Li Xun , Cao Chunyu
Published: October 2024

Background
Scar hyperplasia and skin fibrosis following breast cancer operation has long been recognized as one of the major effects affecting patients' quality of life. However, there is currently a lack of direct evidence examining the impact of breast cancer on scar conditions and fibrosis of skin.
Methods
In this study, a two-way, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach utilising pooled data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) we employed to investigate the potential causal relationship between breast cancer (BC) and scar conditions and fibrosis of skin.In forward MR, it was postulated that BC was the exposure factor, whereas in reverse MR, scar conditions and fibrosis of skin were posited as the exposure factors. To enhance the reliability of the results, two databases (finna-a-L12_SCARCONDITIONS; ukb-b-11403 ) were employed to examine these factors.In order to explore the potential relationship between BC and scar conditions and fibrosis of skin, various analytical techniques were utilised, including random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger analyses.Furthermore, sensitivity analyses and assessments of heterogeneity and multiplicity were conducted to enhance the reliability of the results.
Results
The MR analysis indicates that BC is associated with an elevated risk of scar conditions and fibrosis of skin(OR = 1.310, 95%CI = 1.052–1.630, p = 0.015 ) and(OR = 1.00047, 95%CI = 1.000016–1.000928, p = 0.042 ) .In contrast, the inverse MR analysis did not identify scar conditions and fibrosis of skin as a potential factor influencing BC risk.Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of these results demonstrated the absence of evidence for heterogeneity or pleiotropy.
Conclusion
This study showed that a positive causal relationship exists between BC and scar conditions and fibrosis of skin in European populations. This study also offers a novel perspective on the mechanism study of postoperative scar formation in breast cancer patients, and provides a novel basis for clinical assessment of patients' prognosis based on the status of surgical scarring in BC and the degree of dermal fibrosis.