bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChronologicaI Observations of HistologicaI Changes, Cytochrome Oxidase Activity and Copper Level in the Brain of the Postnatal Brindled Mouse
Authors: Yoshimura Noriaki , Asada Mamoru , Kida Kazuyuki , Usutani Saburo , Nishimura Masahiko
Published: December 2008

Neuropathological and enzyme‐histochemical studies were performed on brindled mouse hemizygotes (BMs) and normal littermates at the age of 2 days, 7 days, 11 days and 14 days, together with an investigation of their tissue cop per levels. A greatly increased copper concentration was confirmed in the kidney and intestine and a greatly reduced concentration in the liver and brain of BMs. The copper concentration in the brain increased gradually with age in the normal littermates, whereas this did not occur in BMs. There was no significant difference in the tissue copper concentration between the cerebrum and the cerebellum brainstem in BMs or in normal littermates. Light and electron microscopy of the BM brain revealed progressive neuronal degeneration in association with increased mito‐chondrial changes (ballooning and crista disintegration). Enzyme histochemical examinations demonstrated a progressive comparative decrease (i.e., an increased difference from normal) of cytochrome oxidase activity in the BM brain. These data suggest that progressive degeneration of the brain in Menkes’disease is attributable to mitochon‐drial degeneration caused by a comparative decrease of both copper concentration and cytochrome oxidase activity in the brain.
Sequential Analysis of Distributions of Donor‐derived Thymocytes Bearing T‐cell Antigen Receptor (TCR) and Donor‐derived la+ Cells in Thymuses of Fully Allogeneic Bone Marrow Chimera in Mice
Authors: Hatakeyama Shigetsugu , Ogasawara Kazumasa , Fukushi Noriko , Iwabuchi Chikako , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Wang Bingyan , Kajiwara Masaharu , Good Robert A. , Onoè Kazunori
Published: December 2008

Lethally irradiated SJL/J mice were reconstituted with B10 bone marrow cells, and the process of thymic reconstitution by donor derived cells positive for I‐ A or Vβ8 molecules was investigated. The donor‐derived la+ cells appeared in the medulla on day 7 after reconstitution. The la+ cells became confluent up to day 14, and the cellularity in the medulla on day 17 was almost the same as that in the normal thymus. Dull Vβ8+ thymocytes were first recognized in the cortex on day 10 and were identifiable in the medulla by day 14. The Vβ8+ cells seemed to be mainly CD4+8+ double‐positive. Furthermore, most of the Vg8’cells in the medulla of chimeras given cyclosporin A for 3 weeks after reconstitution appeared to be CD4+8+. The present findings demonstrate that CD4 8+ thymocytes which bear a low concentration of TCR exist in the thymic medulla at a relatively early stage when donor‐derived la+ cells have already settled there. The coincidental appearance and coexistence of la+ cells and TCR+ thymocytes in the medulla suggest that these histological characteristics may be related to the selection of thymocytes in this area.
A Case Report of Equivocal Neoplasm Orignatng from an Apocrine Gland on the Eyelid
Authors: Kage Masayoshi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Ozumi Kazunori
Published: December 2008

We report a rare case of apocrine neoplasm with malignant potential. The patient, a 29 year‐old man, had a nodule 1 cm in diameter on his left upper eyelid which had been growing slowly for several years. It was a cystic lesion, consisting of neoplastic cells of probable apocrine gland or Moll's gland origin. This opinion was based on the histological characteristics, which included eosinophilic cytoplasm accompanied with decapitation secretion, iron granules, and granular depositions which were stained positively with periodic acid‐Schiff, with and without diastase digestion. Ferritin was found in their cytoplasm, a feature that has not been reported. It was uncertain whether the neoplasm was benign or malignant, because the cells showed nuclear atypia, characterized by variation in size and hyper‐chromasia, but lacked the histological features of malignancy, including infiltration into the adjacent tissue and mitosis.
Expression of Histocompatibility Antigen HLA‐DR on the Epithelial Cells of the Pancreatic Duct and Thyroid Follicle An Autopsy Case
Authors: Saeki Kazunori , Kawano Kiyoshi , Kamino Kouin , Morimoto Shigeto , Ogihara Toshio
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of chronic pancreatitis associated with unusual chronic thyroiditis in a 54 year‐old woman is presented. Microscopically, the pancreas was densely infiltrated by lymphocytes and its exocrine parenchyma was completely replaced by sclerotic tissue. The thyroid gland was also infiltrated by lymphocytes, but no lymphoid follicles were observed. These morphological changes are rare findings with respect to the severity of inflammation and the association of the affected organs. Further findings suggested involvement of an autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Using the avidin‐biotin conjugate technique and antibodies (Abs) against T lymphocyte and HLA‐DR antigens (Ags), im‐munological aspects of the lesions were studied. Most of these infiltrating lymphocytes were revealed to be T lymphocytes, and HLA DR Ags were observed on the epithelial cells of the pancreatic ducts and thyroid follicles. As a control, 45 surgical specimens of pancreas and thyroid gland were studied for detection of HLA DR expression on the epithelial cells. One case of chronic pancreatitis was revealed to express HLA‐DR Ag on the epithelium. The patient was a 44 year‐old woman who had silently developed pancreatic cyst due to chronic inflammation. This finding also suggests a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis.
Immune Complex‐induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) An Experimental Study
Authors: Nakamura Satoru , Shimokama Tatsuro , Yoshikawa Yasuji , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was induced in rabbits by administration of antibody and antigen. The rabbits were sensitized passively by i.v. injection of antiferritin antiserum and challenged simultaneously by an i.p. inoculation of ferritin. After the challenge, circulating white blood cells, platelets and plasma fibrinogen levels showed an early fall, reaching minimum values at 3,10 and 6 h, respectively. Fibrin thrombi appeared first at 2 h, reached a maximum at 5–7 h, and had mostly disappeared by 24 h. Formation of fibrin thrombi was frequent in the lung, liver, kidney and spleen. Early morphological changes included neutrophilic infiltration and accumulation of platelets in capillaries. Ferritin antiferritin complexes were noted among fibrin thrombi or phagocytized by reticuloendothelial cells and neutrophils. The capacity of Kupffer cells to remove circulating immune complexes was saturated transiently; at this time fibrin thrombosis in various organs was most widespread and severe. It seems likely that formation of antigen‐antibody complexes in the microcirculation initiates activation of platelets and neutrophils with subsequent release of mediators responsible for triggering DIC. Activation of complement was another possible factor inducing the reaction. In addition, blockade of the reticuloendothelial system promotes the progression of DIC. It is considered that the methods described constitute a useful model for further elucidation of immune complex induced DIC.
Study of Vimentin Expression in Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Using Paraffin Sections
Authors: Tamaru Junichi , Mikata Atsuo , Itami Makiko , Takagi Toshiyuki
Published: December 2008

Human non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied by means of an avidin biotin complex immunoperoxidase method using several monoclonal antibodies against the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. The study cases were 61 B cell lymphomas (including 2 plasmacytomas) and 30 T cell lymphomas (including 8 cases of mycosis fungoides). Twelve of the 61 B cell lymphomas were positive for vimentin, and were composed of extrafollicular center cells such as immunoblastic and plasmacytoid cells. On the other hand, lymphomas of follicular center cell origin were negative for vimentin. All cases of T cell lymphoma except for 14 (all of 9 AlLD‐ type lymphomas, all of 4 lymphoblastic lymphomas and one diffuse mixed small/ large lymphoma) were positive for vimentin. Although vimentin expression appeared to be influenced by various conditions such as the proportion of T‐ and B cell subsets, or B cell proliferation rate, follicular center cells were constantly negative for vimentin.
Biclonality of Composite B‐ and T‐cell Lymphomas A Case Report
Authors: Tokunaga Masayoshi , Tokudome Takahiro , Shimizu Seiichiro , Sato Eiichi , Morishita Reiko , Koura Sumio , Kita Kenkichi
Published: December 2008

Most composite lymphomas which are composed morphologically of two different tumor cell types are considered to represent different morphological expressions of a single clone. However, in recent years, composite B‐ and T cell lymphomas and biclonality of B cell lymphoma have been reported. We experienced a case of composite lymphoma which initially developed as cutaneous lymphoma composed of lymphoplasmacytes associated with large clear cells. It was confirmed that the tumor cells of these two systems were biclonal on the basis of surface markers and DNA rearrangements, i.e. B cells of the IgG kappa type, showing IgH and kappa chain DNA rearrangement, and Tcells with CD4 surface marker, showing rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta chain gene. This case showed a predominant B cell pattern at the initial stage, and terminated in T cell lymphoma, as revealed at autopsy. Therefore we considered this case to be a unique composite lymphoma showing biclonality of both B‐ and T‐cell systems, providing a number of suggestions for future study of malignant lymphoma.
Giant Cell Fibroblastoma A Case Report
Authors: Hirose Takanori , Sasaki Masamichi , Shintaku Masayuki , Hasegawa Tadashi , Kudo Eiji , Sano Toshiaki , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

A case of giant cell fibroblastoma occurring in the knee of a 16‐month‐old girl is reported. The ill‐defined subcutaneous tumor measuring 2x2 cm was composed of diffusely proliferating spindle‐shaped tumor cells with scattered, atypical multinucleated giant cells in a myxoid or col‐lagenous background and irregularly branching sinusoid like tissue spaces. In addition to floret‐type giant cells, a few osteoclast like giant cells were present in a cellular area where tumor cells were focally arranged in a storiform pattern. lmmunohistochemically, the tumor cells gave positive reactions for only vimentin and actin. In spite of the high recurrence rate of this type of tumor, the course of the patient after excision of the tumor has been uneventful. It is important to distinguish this rare, peculiar fibrous tumor from other soft tissue tumors including some sarcomas.
Characteristics of cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum‐selected In Vitro Passaged Cells Derived from a Transplantable Rat Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: Yamate Jyoji , Tajima Masanori , Togo Masaharu , Shibuya Nobuko , Shibuya Kazumoto , Kudow Satoru
Published: December 2008

A cis‐iamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)‐selected cell line (MT‐R10) was induced by continuous exposure of an in vitro passaged cell line (MT‐P) established from a transplantable rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH‐MT) to CDDP. MT‐R10, capable of proliferating in the presence of l.0 μg CDDP/ml, was passaged in CDDP free medium. The doubling time of MT‐R10 at passage 10 (MT ‐R10/10) was almost the same as that of MT ‐P, being 22.3 and 25.5 h, respectively. The concentration of CDDP required for 50% inhibition of MT‐R10/10 proliferation was two‐fold higher than that of MT‐P. MT‐R10 consisted of round, epithelial‐type cells arranged in compact sheets. Ultrastructurally, MT‐R10 had numerous free ribosomes, some mitochondria, and other poorly developed cytoplasmic or‐ganelles suggesting its undifferentiated nature. MT ‐R10 showed no reaction for acid phosphatase or non‐specific esterase. Tumors induced in syngeneic rats by inoculation with MT‐R10 consisted of small, round, undifferentiated cells with scanty cytoplasm. They showed organoid and trabecular patterns, and were often arranged in compact sheets. The neoplastic cells showed no reaction for any of the histiocytic lysosomal and antigenic markers tested, but exhibited a strong reaction for alkaline phosphatase. Bone formation was often observed in the tumors. These observations suggest that CDDP selected, undifferentiated cells may have osteogenic potential and may be one of the progenitor cells of MFH‐MT.
Inhibition of Pancreatic Hepatocyte Induction in Hamsters Treated Sequentially with Ethionine, a Protein‐free Diet and then Methionine by Prior N‐nitrosobis‐(2‐oxopropyI)amine Administration
Authors: Kitazawa Shunji , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Amanuma Toshihiro , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Maruyama Hiroshi , Konishi Yoichi
Published: December 2008

A 100% yield of pancreatic hepatocytes was induced in pancreas tissues of female hamsters treated with twice‐repeated sequential administrations of DL‐ethionine (ethionine) together with a protein‐free diet and then L‐methionine (methionine) for 10 weeks. The cells were also found in 40% of hamsters receiving 20mg/kg body weight of the pancreatic carcinogen, N nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine (BOP) given twice at the peak of pancreatic regeneration stimulated by methionine after ethionine induced cell damage. However, BOP at doses of 30, 70, and 100 mg/kg body weight administered before the occurrence of pancreatic regeneration dose dependently inhibited their appearance, with reduction of the yield to 40%, 25%, and 8.3% respectively, and BOP per se did not induce any development of pancreatic hepatocytes. Stein iodine staining revealed bile pigments in the induced hamster pancreatic eosinophilic cell populations.
Eosinophilic Granuloma Showing Rapid Regression: Report of a Mandibular Case with Application of a Modified PNA Staining Method for Demonstration of Langerhans‐type Histiocytes
Authors: Kitano Motoo , Landini Gabriel , Semba Ichiro , Urago Atsushi , Sugihara Kazumasa , Mukai Hiroshi , Yamashita Sukehide
Published: December 2008

A mandibular eosinophilic granuloma in a 16‐year‐old male is reported. This case showed rapid regression, which was clearly demonstrated by histopathological examinations of both preoperative biopsy and surgical materials. Transformation from an eosinophilic granuloma to a xanthomatous granuloma with multinucleated giant cells was observed after only 26 days. Special staining of paraffin sections with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and use of electron microscopy showed that the main component of the lesion in the biopsy material was Langerhans‐type histiocytes. These cells had disappeared from the lesion by the time of the operation. At the same time, the number of infiltrating eosinophils was also markedly reduced. It seems appropriate to consider that the rapid regression of this disease was correlated with the rapid reduction in the number of Langerhans type histiocytes appearing in the granulomatous foci, as well as the number of infiltrating eosinophils.
Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of the Lung, Associated with Giant‐cell Transformation in Bone Metastasis
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Yazaki Koji , Yoshioka Koichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of neuroendocrine lung tumor located beneath the pleura in a 71 year old woman is reported. At autopsy, the tumor was found to have metastasized to the bones and liver without involving the hilar lymph nodes. Histological‐ly, the tumor cells at the primary site and in the liver metastasis exhibited a carcinoid‐like organoid structure, whereas pleomorphic giant cells were noted in the bone metastasis. The argyrophilic tumor cells were immuno‐reactive for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A, serotonin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, gas‐trin‐releasing peptide, neuropeptide Y, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, glicentin, the alpha subunit of human cho‐rionic gonadotropin, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, Leu M1 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopy revealed abundant neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm. This was considered to be a rare case of neuroendocrine lung tumor showing carcinoid like histology at the primary site and large‐cell transformation in bone metastasis.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of Vimentin, Neuron‐specific Enolase, α1‐antichymotrypsin and α1‐antitrypsin in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Tsuda Nobuo , Fujita Shuichi , Tezuka Fumiaki , Okabe Haruo
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐four adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) arising in major and minor salivary glands as well as in normal salivary glands were studied by immunohistochemistry for the presence of vimentin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), α1‐antichymotrypsin (α1‐ACT) and α1‐‐ antitrypsin (α1‐‐ AT). Five patterns of histological differentiation were found in ACC, and for the cellular components of each, it was possible to establish a special immunohistochemical profile. In ACC, vimentin‐positive cells were observed in the outer tubular, cyst‐lining and small angular cells. NSE was positive in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary gland. Neoplastic cells of ACC showed NSE positivity mainly in the small angular cells and partly in the duct luminal cells. α1‐ACT was localized in the intercalated duct cells and serous acinar cells of normal salivary gland, and in the duct luminal cells of ACC. α1‐AT could not be detected in any of the epithelial cells of normal salivary gland. In ACC, eosinophilic hyaline material in the cribriform spaces was positive for α1‐AT, but no positivity was demonstrated in tumor cells. The present study showed that there are at least two populations of tumor cells in ACC: duct luminal cells that express α1‐ACT, thus indicating their ductal character, and small angular cells that express vimentin, characteristic of non‐luminal cells. Moreover, our results indicate that α1‐AT is a useful marker of basement membrane‐like material.
β2‐Microglobulin Amyloidosis in Hemodialysis Patients An Autopsy Study of Intervertebral Disks and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments
Authors: Honda Kazuho , Hara Mitsuru , Ogura Yosuke , Nihei Hiroshi , Mimura Nobuhide
Published: December 2008

Ninety‐five autopsy cases of chronic renal failure, which had or had not been treated by hemodialysis, were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for evidence of amyloid deposition in the intervertebral disks and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the spine, β2‐Microglobulin (β2M) amyloid was not present in non‐dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. In cases showing β2M amyloid deposition, the shortest term of hemodialysis was 2 years and 5 months. The incidence of β2M amyloidosis tended to increase as the dialysis period was prolonged. An inverse correlation was present between dialysis period and age in 22 cases showing β2M amyloid deposition (correlation coefficient: –0.43, p<0.05), and β2M amyloidosis tended to occur earlier in elderly patients than in younger patients. This suggests that elderly patients are more susceptible to &M amyloidosis. β2M amyloid was absent in all of 8 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus which were treated by dialysis for periods ranging from 2 days to 12 years. In these patients, β2M amyloidosis may have been prevented by steroids, which had been administered for long periods in all cases. Another amyloid of unknown composition was also frequently present in the intervertebral disks and posterior longitudinal ligaments not only in patients with chronic renal failure but also control patients without chronic renal failure. This amyloid was immunohistologically negative for β2M, amyloid A protein, light chain kappa or lambda, prealbumin, and apolipoprotein All. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 820 826, 1990.
OPD4–positive T–cell Lymphoma of the Liver in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Deng Yinlong , Uchiyama Mitsuaki , Kawano Koichi , Ikeda Yasuo
Published: December 2008

Primary malignant lymphoma of the liver occupying the right lobe, 14x9x7 cm in size, developed in a 30‐year‐old man with a 4‐year history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) accompanying thrombocytopenia had been made clinically 10 months earlier. The liver biopsy specimen revealed diffuse proliferation of large lymphoma cells expressing the activated helper/inducer T‐cell phenotype (LCA+, UCHL1+, OPD4+, LN3+, MT1‐, L26‐, MB1‐, Leu M1‐, Ki‐1‐ KP1‐). The lymphoma was successfully treated by chemotherapy and irradiation. Intractable thrombocytopenia provoked fatal esophageal hemorrhage. At autopsy, no lymphomatous lesion was identified, and the hepatic right lobe contained an encapsulated necrotic lesion with‐out any viable tumor cells. The bone marrow revealed marked hyperplasia of erythroid and megakaryocytic series. Extramedullary hematopoiesis was demonstrated in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. This is the second case of primary hepatic T‐cell lymphoma associated with SLE.
Endocrine Cells in a Normal Breast and Non‐cancerous Breast Lesion
Authors: Satake Tatsunari , Matsuyama Mutsushi
Published: December 2008

The authors confirmed the presence of endocrine cells for the first time in a normal breast as well as in a non cancerous lesion of the breast. One hundred and eighty eight blocks of normal breast tissues in 44 cases and 74 blocks of non cancerous lesions in 35 cases were examined. Argyrophil cells were found in one block from a normal breast and in one block from a phyllodes tumor. Argyrophil cells in the normal breast showed positive reaction to anti‐endocrine granule constituent (EGC) antibody with immunohistochemical method. Argyrophil cells found in the phyllodes tumor gave positive reaction to both anti EGC and anti‐serotonin antibodies. The present study is thought to be the first report in the literature of serotonin‐positive cells in a non‐cancerous breast lesion, a phyllodes tumor. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 874‐878, 1991.
Human Autoantibody to Sertoli Cells Detected in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hiyoshi Toru , Eishi Yoshinobu , Hatakeyama Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Human autoantibody to Sertoli cells was detected in normal human sera. This IgM type autoantibody was undetectable during the neonatal period and was found in 11.5% of 365 serum samples taken from adult healthy persons of both sexes. This human autoantibody to Sertoli cells exhibited quite the same target‐organ specificity and multi organ reactivity (salivary gland ductules, pancreatic intercalated duct, renal lower nephron, pituitary acidophilic cells) as those of the murine monoclonal autoantibody (IgM class) to Sertoli cells (TM‐1: WHO registered code T43). The TM‐1 monoclonal antibody could recognize testicular antigens with molecular weights of 67,000 and 23,000 in Sertoli cells, and had already been demonstrated capable of inducing murine experimental spermatogenic disturbance when administrated together with murine monoclonal autoantibody to seminiferous tubular basement membrane (TNI 2: WHO registered code T44). These observations may suggest that human spermatogenic disturbance could be easily induced by the multi‐organ reactive autoantibody to Sertoli cells even in healthy individuals under particular conditions where this autoantibody can be allowed to reach the target Sertoli cells across the barrier of seminiferous tubular wall by either autoantibody to seminiferous tubular basement membrane or other toxic damage. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 879‐888, 1991.
An Autopsy Case of Purulent Mycobacterial Meningitis in AIDS
Authors: Shintaku Masayuki , Sasaki Masamichi , Senzaki Hideto , Morii Sotokichi , Maruoka Masanori , Ueda Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

The patient was a 46 year old male hemophiliac who died of acute mycobacterial meningitis associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Autopsy revealed severe basal meningitis which was characterized by an infiltration of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Severe mural inflammation of the subarachnoid arteries was noted, and innumerable acid‐fast bacilli were demonstrated. Epithelioid cell granulomas were not found in the meningeal lesion. The lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow contained many epithelioid cell granulomas with caseous necrosis. Massive proliferation of swollen histiocytes could not be identified in any organ. The absence of epithelioid cell granulomas in the meningeal lesion indicate a severe impairment of cell‐mediated immunity in the patient; this anergic type of lesion is one of the characteristics of tuberculosis occurring in association with terminal AIDS. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 895‐899, 1991.
Neoplastic Argentaffin Cells with Intracytoplasmic Eosinophilic Granules in a Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kuwashima Yoshio , Nakamura Takuro , Sawabe Motoji , Kanno Jun , Kitagawa Masanobu , Matsubara Osamu , Kasuga Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

A case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach with unique histological features is reported: in addition to characteristic adenocarcinoma cells, a large number of tumor cells contained bright eosinophilic and argentaffin granules in their cytoplasm. On routine histologic examination, the latter cells closely resembled the endocrine cells present in the normal human gastrointestinal tract, although the granules were distributed throughout the cytoplasm and did not show any polarity, which is usually subnuclear in normal endocrine cells. Imuunohis‐tochemical studies demonstrated positive staining for lysozyme, CEA, gastrin and HCG. Electron microscopic examination revealed cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules, and some tumor cells were found to contain both secretory granules and mucinous material within the same cytoplasm. These neoplastic endocrine cells presumably originated from primitive digestive system elements capable of differentiating towards both endocrine and mucus‐secreting varieties. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 905‐910, 1991.
The Definition of HIV‐specific Neuropathology
Authors: Budka Herbert
Published: December 2008

Evaluation of a neuropathological series of 160 HIV infected patients, almost all in the terminal AIDS stage of the infection, allowed recognition of novel syndromes which can be regarded as HIV specific neuropathology because: 1) they are not observed in non HIV tissues; 2) HIV is, in our hands consistently by immunocytochemistry, demonstrable in large amounts within these lesions; 3) other pathogens are not detectable within these lesions; and 4) these lesions may occur in isolated fashion within CNS tissues (40% of HIV‐specific neuropathology in this series), without any other CNS pathology. HIV specific neuropathology was found in 34% in this series and comprised two prototypes within a spectrum of frequently overlapping changes: multifocal microgranulomatous lesions of HIV encephalitis, and diffuse white matter damage of HIV leukoencephalopathy. In almost all cases, multinucleated giant cells signal the local presence of HIV in routine stains. In contrast to HIV‐specific neuropathology, various unspecific nervous tissue syndromes do not consistently exhibit the local presence of HIV and thus are designated HIV associated or possibly HIV induced lesions: lymphocytic meningitis, vacuolar myelopathy, multifocal vacuolar leukoencephalopathy, and diffuse poliodystrophy. Although these unspecific syndromes may also contribute to clinical manifestations, their pathogenetic relation with HIV remains to be established.
Sex Differences in the Localization and Severity of Ferric Nitrilotriacetate‐induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Mouse Kidney
Authors: Okada Shigeru , Fukunaga Yasutomo , Hamazaki Shuji , Yamada Yoshihiro , Toyokuni Shinya
Published: December 2008

Male mice are much more susceptible than female mice to acute renal proximal tubular necrosis as well as the carcinogenic effect induced by an iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe‐NTA). In the present study, iron‐promoted lipid peroxidation was analyzed histochemically in frozen kidney sections using cold Schiffs reagent and biochemically by measuring thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance in the kidney. When untreated mouse frozen kidney sections were exposed to ascorbic acid‐Fe‐NTA (0.8 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM) in vitro for 40 min and washed, diffuse Schiff positivity was obtained along the proximal tubules, and no sex differences were evident. When non‐reduced Fe‐NTA (0.2 mM and 0.4 mM) was layered on untreated kidney sections from males, about half of the cortical proximal tubules showed a positive reaction with Schiffs reagent, whereas in females the proximal tubules of the outer stripe of the outer medulla were positive. In an ex vivo study, 30 to 40 min after i.p. injection of Fe‐NTA (5 mg Fe/kg), Schiff‐positive areas corresponded to those observed in the in vitro non‐reduced Fe‐NTA study in each sex. However, in males, the positive tubular cells gradually became necrotic, whereas in females the positivity disappeared with time and there was no tubular necrosis. Results of the thiobarbituric acid test were correlated with the above findings. In conclusion, the localization and severity of FeNTA induced lipid peroxidation in the tubules differed between the sexes. We suspect that these results reflect functional heterogeneity in the ability of the tubules to reduce iron.
S‐100 Protein in Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Lin Meisui , Hanai Jun , Wada Akira , Ozaki Masami , Nasu Kenji , Okamoto Shigeru , Matsumoto Keishi
Published: December 2008

The distribution of S 100 protein in 135 ovarian tumors, of which 127 were epithelial, was investigated using the im‐munoperoxidase method. S 100 protein has been demonstrated previously in tumors of various origins. The present study further revealed its characteristic distribution in common epithelial tumors of the ovary. S 100 protein was present in 69% of serous tumors (benign, 50%; borderline, 100%; malignant, 71%), as well as in the serous elements of serous & mucinous mixed tumors (30%). S 100 protein was also demonstrated in 25% of clear cell carcinomas and 29% of endometrioid carcinomas. Interestingly, none of the mucinous tumors were positive for S 100 protein. In addition, the expression of S‐100 protein by epithelial ovarian tumors was compared with that of CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The distribution of S 100 protein was similar to that of CA 125, since both antigens were frequently present in serous tumors, although their expression patterns were different. On the other hand, S 100 protein positive cases were almost negative for CEA or vice versa. Our observations indicate that demonstration of S 100 protein in common epithelial tumors of the ovary and comparison of S‐100 protein distribution with that of CA 125 and CEA may further clarify the characteristics of common epithelial tumors of the ovary.
Enzyme‐induced Aggregation and Disaggregation of Tumor Cells via the Cell Surface Glycocalyx in Association with Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Authors: Sugihara Shigenori , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Tsuruta Junji , Tanaka Junko , Hiraoka Takehisa , Tashiro Seiki , Miyauchi Yoshimasa , Kambara Takeshi
Published: December 2008

Serine proteases cause aggregation of the rat ascites tumor cell lines AH 130, AH 109A and YS in vitro, and the tumor cell aggregates are dissolved by treatment with DNase I. We previously demonstrated that these events played a critical role in the augmentation or reduction of experimental blood borne metastasis of these cell lines. In the present study, the ultrastructural features of this protease dependent aggregation were analysed. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that after the protease treatment each tumor cell was surrounded by a thin membranous (sleeve‐like) structure. This sleeve like structure was stained with ruthenium red to an intensity similar to the cell surface of the control. Adjacent cells became attached to each other with microvilli via this fine structure. Immuno‐electron microscopy revealed DNA antigen as dense patches on the sleeve‐like structure or as faint and diffuse deposits on the outer surface of the cells by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using an anti‐DNA monoclonal antibody. Both the sleeve like structure and immunopositive deposits disappeared after treatment with DNase I. Neither cell viability nor the normal ultra‐structure of their organelles was influenced by the enzyme treatment. These results indicate that serine protease induced tumor cell aggregation is due to cellular contact via the sleeve‐like structure, which probably originates from the cell surface glycocalyx in association with DNA molecules of unknown origin.
Monocytoid B Lymphocytes and Epithelioid Cell Clusters in Abscess‐forming Granulomatous Lymphadenitis With Special Reference to Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Kojima Masaru , Hosomura Yasuo , Itoh Hideaki , Johshita Takashi , Ohno Yoshihiro , Yoshida Katsue , Asano Shigeyuki , Wakasa Haruki , Nakamura Shigeo , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the appearance of monocytoid B lymphocytes (MBLs) in abscess‐forming granulomatous lymphadenitis (AGL) and the relation between AGL and cat‐scratch disease (CSD), 48 cases of AGL were studied histologically. MBLs were present in about 50% of AGL cases. Warthin Starry (WS) silver stain‐positive bacteria, which are the causative agent of CSD, were present in 52.4% of AGL cases with MBLs and 59.2% of AGL cases without MBLs. The appearance of MBLs in AGL was not related to various clinical features, including disease interval from initial lymphadenopathy to lymph node biopsy. Histologically, epithelioid cell clusters appeared in about 70% of MBL positive AGL cases, but were not observed in MBL negative AGL. Therefore, a close interaction between MBLs and epithelioid cells in AGL is suggested, and we emphasize that the histological features of some AGL cases resemble those of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis.
Latent Perianal Paget's Disease Associated with Mucin‐producing Rectal Adenocarcinoma Report of Two Cases
Authors: Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Two cases of latent perianal Paget's disease associated with mucin producing papillary adenocarcinoma of the rectum are described. In both cases, the rectal tumors appeared as polypoid lesions located just above the dentate line. The adjacent anal squamous mucosa showed lateral invasion of alcianophilic mucin‐containing Paget cells. Mucin histochemistry revealed the presence of 0 acylated and non‐0 acylated sialic acids in both neoplastic goblet cells in the adenocarcinomas and Paget cells in the anal mucosa. The Paget cells were immunoreactive diffusely for low molecular‐weight cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) and car‐cinoembryonic antigen, and focally for CA19 9, epithelial membrane antigen and CA15 3. All these substances were also expressed in the rectal adenocarcinomas but were negative or showed limited expression in the anal squamous epithelium. These findings indicated secondary epidermotropic infiltration of neoplastic goblet cells from the rectal adenocarcinomas.
Alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing Papillary Adenocarcinoma Originating from a Uterine Body A Case Report
Authors: Kubo Kiyoko , Lee Gang‐Hong , Yamauchi Kazuhiro , Kitagawa Tomoyuki
Published: December 2008

A rare case of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) producing papillary adenocarcinoma originating from the uterine body of a 55‐year‐old Japanese woman is reported. The histologic appearance of the tumor was reminiscent of a serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary, in clear contrast to that of common endometrial adenocarcinomas. No features of embryonal carcinoma or yolk sac tumor were evident. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated the production of AFP by the tumor cells. To our knowledge there are six reported cases of AFP producing malignant tumors of the uterine body in the literature, four of them being yolk sac tumor, one mixed mesodermal tumor, and one endometrial adenocarcinoma. This is therefore the first case of an AFP producing papillary adenocarcinoma that developed in the uterine body. This report should contribute to a better understanding of the histogenesis of AFP producing tumors in this organ.
Ultra structural Studies of Rat Arteriosclerosis Induced by Stimulation of the Immune System with Ovalbumin
Authors: Castellanos Emilio , Sueishi Katsuo , Tanaka Kenzo , Ishii Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Intimal thickening in the aorta and carotid artery of rats was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin, 2.5 mg/kg BW, given weekly 5 times after initial subcutaneous sensitization, and/or feeding with a cholesterol‐rich diet. The intimal thickening was apparent in immune‐challenged rats fed with either a cholesterol‐rich or a basal diet (p<0.01), whereas it was mild in non‐immunized rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet. The ultra‐structural changes in the thickened intima were characterized by leukocytic (mainly monocytic) adhesion and migration, and minor endothelial cell damage. Morphometric evaluation of leukocyte adhesion to the intima of the thoracic aorta revealed that the immunized rats fed either a cholesterol‐rich or a basal diet showed greater leukocytic adhesion (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) than that in non‐immunized rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet, which in turn also showed an increased degree of leukocyte adhesion (p<0.05) than control rats. This immunological approach to the arteriosclerotic process could explain the earlier and more severe arteriosclerosis found in patients with immunological disorders, and the development of arteriosclerosis in the absence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and other risk factors. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 113‐121, 1991.
Malignant Islet Cell Tumor of the Pancreas with Multiple Hormone Production and Expression of CEA and CA19‐9
Authors: Arihiro Koji , Inai Kouki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas is presented. The patient, a 64 year old woman showed severe hypoglycemia as the initial symptom, and hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated by laboratory examinations. Metastatic tumors in the liver were found by abdominal computed tomography. Autopsy revealed a tumor measuring 6.5x3x2cm occupying the pancreas from the body to the tail. From the results of histological and immunohistochemical studies, this was diagnosed as a malignant islet cell tumor producing multiple hormones such as insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, as well as expressing the tumor‐related antigens CEA and CA19‐9. These findings suggested that the tumor cells showed differentiation to both endocrine cells and pancreatic duct cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 150‐157, 1991.
Pathological Aspects of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Canine Atrioventricular Node and Bundle of His
Authors: Tanaka Michio , Satake Shutaro , Kawahara Yutaka , Sugiura Masaya , Hirao Kenzo , Tanaka Kazushi , Kawara Tokuhiro , Masuda Akihiro , Nishikawa Toshio , Kasajima Takeshi
Published: December 2008

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) node or bundle of His was performed in 12 adult mongrel dogs. The aim was to create chronic incomplete AV block (first‐ and second‐degree AV block) and to examine the histopathology of the ablated lesions. However, the late electrophysiological results (2 4 weeks follow up) were various: normal in 2 dogs, mild PR prolongation (< 50%) in 2 dogs, first‐degree AV block (PR prolongation a 50%) in 2 dogs, second degree AV block in 2 dogs, complete AV block in 4 dogs. The maximally ablated area (%) of the atrioventricular conduction system in serial histologic sections from dogs with these conditions was 69%, 75%, 89.5%, 95% and 99.5%, respectively. The number of intact conduction cells at the maximally ablated site varied from 6 to 30 in the four cases of incomplete AV block. The mean ablated volume (%) of either the AV node or penetrating His bundle correlated roughly with the degree of AV block. The ablated lesions were well demarcated and almost replaced by dense fibrous tissue at 4 weeks. Interruption (3 dogs) or thinning (1 dog) of the endocardial elastic lamellae was detected, in association with endocardial thickening (mean 913 μm). Endocardial thrombi were found in 3 dogs (2 fresh, 1 organized). We conclude that radiofrequency catheter ablation does not cause severe complicated lesions. Several possible conditions for creating chronic incomplete AV block are discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 487–498, 1991.
Immunohistochemical Study of Cytokeratin Distribution in the Collecting Duct of the Human Kidney
Authors: Hemmi Akihiro , Mori Yoshiomi
Published: December 2008

In order to assess the expression of different cytokeratins in the collecting duct cells (CDCs) of the human kidney, three consecutive sections were stained with periodic acid‐Schiff, CAM 5.2, and AE‐1 (CAM 5.2 recognizes cytokeratins #19,18,8 and AE 1 #19,16,15,14,10 of Moll's catalog.), respectively. By comparing these sections, it was found that most CDCs in the inner medulla were both CAM 5.2 and AE 1 positive, whereas in the outer medulla and cortex, 77% of the CDCs were both CAM 5.2 and AE 1 positive, 15% CAM 5.2 positive and AE 1 negative, 8% both CAM 5.2 and AE‐1‐negative, and 0.4% CAM 5.2 negative and AE 1 positive. Recent studies have shown that most CDCs express low‐molecular weight cytokeratins #7,8,18 and 19(17,18,19,20). Of these cytokeratins, CAM 5.2 recognizes cytokeratins #8,18,19 and AE‐1 recognizes cytokeratin #19. Therefore, most CDCs belong to one of the following three major types; 1. Those positive for cytokeratins #8,18 and 19 (CAM 5.2 and AE 1 positive), 2. Those positive for cytokeratins #8 and 18 and negative for #19 (CAM 5.2‐positive and AE 1 ‐negative) and 3. Those negative for cytokeratins #8,18 and 19 (CAM 5.2 and AE 1 negative). A few CAM 5.2 negative and AE 1 positive cells were thought to express high molecular weight cytokeratins. The significance of these various cytokeratin expressions is discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 516 520, 1991.
A Histological, Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study of Superficial Temporal Arteries and Middle Meningeal Arteries in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Chung‐cheng , Zhao Zi‐zong , Hu Yu , Aihara Kaoru , Ghazizadeh Mohammad , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Yang Shao‐yi , Pan Jie
Published: December 2008

Pathologic changes in superficial temporal arteries (STA) and middle meningeal arteries (MMA) biopsied from 15 patients with moyamoya disease (MD) who had undergone cerebro temporal arterio synangiosis were studied histologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. The main pathologic features were: proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and thickening of the intima, degeneration and destruction of SMCs in the media and intima, and the presence of condensed organelles in necrosed SMCs or the interstitium among SMCs, or both outside and within the elastica interna (El). The El had become thin, porous, fragmented and was even absent in some segments. These changes are different from those of other forms of angiopathy, but identical with those at the ends of internal carotid arteries (ICA) reported by us previously, being pathognomonic for MD. These changes in the STA and MMA reveal that MD involves not only the ICA but also the intra and extracranial branches of external carotid arteries. The medial necrosis of SMCs seems to be the primary injury of the arterial wall in MD. STA tissue blocks from two cases of MD were stained immunohistochemically. By electron microscopy, IgG, IgM, and C3 positive granules were observed on the ER of endothelial and intimal cells. Further studies on more cases are needed to determine whether an immunoreaction has occur ed in these arteries. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 521 530, 1991.
Intestinal Mucormycosis in a Hemodialysis Patient Treated with Desferrioxamine
Authors: Kaneko Takehiko , Abe Fumihiko , Lto Makoto , Hotchi Masao , Yamada Kazuhiko , Okada Yohnchi
Published: December 2008

A case of fatal intestinal mucormycosis in a 57 year‐old female hemodialysis patient who had received desferrioxamine (DFO) for aluminum overload is reported. The focus of fungal infection was not found until the intestine had been resected surgically. DFO is being used with increased frequency in dialysis patients to treat aluminum or iron overload. Recently a possible link between DFO therapy and mucormycosis has been suggested. In the management of hemodialysis patients, the potential risk of mucormycosis with DFO therapy should be considered. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 561–566, 1991.
Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione S‐Transferase, Class α, in Rat Intestine
Authors: Tauchi Katsunori , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Tsukamoto Hideo , Hasegawa Hideaki , Yoshimura Shinichi , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: December 2008

Glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PO) and glutathione S‐trans‐ferase (GST), class α, showing GSH PO like enzymatic activity, were localized immunohistochemically in frozen sections of rat intestine in order to elucidate changes in the expression of these antilipoperoxidative enzymes during normal development. The direct immunoperoxidase method was performed using specific rabbit antibodies (Fab fragments) against the enzymes purified from rat liver. Immunoreactive GSH PO and GST ‐α were demonstrated in the intestinal villous epithelial cells. In the duodenum, GSH‐PO was positive during the period from 19 days of gestation to 1 week after birth, while GST α was negative during this period. Two weeks after birth, positivity for GST α appeared, and GSH‐PO became undetectable. In the ileum, both of the enzymes were observed until 2 weeks of age, but after weaning their expression disappeared. These immunohistochemical findings were confirmed by immunoblot analysis using intestinal tissue extracts. To evaluate environmental effects on the expression of these enzymes, germ free animals, common bile duct ligated rats, and Hank's solution‐fed infant rats were prepared. No remarkable alterations in the immunohistochemical localization pattern were observed. Since the switching of enzyme expression around the time of weaning was not influenced by these experimentally induced environmental conditions, it appears that these enzymatic changes are genetically predetermined. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 573‐580, 1991.
Effect of Dextrans of Various Molecular Weights on Mesangial Transport in ddY Mice Pretreated with Sheep Anti‐type IV Collagen Serum
Authors: Masuda Yukinari , Ishizaki Masamichi , Sugisaki Yuichi , Yamanaka Nobuaki , Masugi Yozo
Published: December 2008

The authors' previous report concluded that increased mesangial IgA deposition seen in ddY mice pretreated with mesangiotropic anti‐type IV collagen serum might be due to a dysfunction of mesangial transport of macromolecules such as polymeric autologous IgA. In the present study we examined the effect of macromolecules upon mesangial transport in similarly treated ddY mice, using intravenously administered FITC labeled dextrans of various molecular weights as tracers. The intensity of each resulting mesangial dextran deposit inspected directly by immunofluorescence was measured periodically and compared with the deposition of autologous mouse IgA examined using rhodamine labeled rabbit anti‐mouse IgA. High‐molecular‐weight dextran of 2,000 kDa showed prolonged mesangial deposition which paralleled the intensity and distribution of the autologous mouse IgA deposition. In contrast, medium‐ and low‐molecular‐weight dextrans of 500 and 150 kDa, respectively, disappeared earlier from the mesan‐gium, unlike the autologous IgA deposition which persisted. Based on these results, it was concluded that the mac‐romolecularity of certain substances and a transport dysfunction of the mesangium may both be major factors in prolonged mesangial deposition. These findings may provide some clues to help clarify the pathogenesis of human IgA nephritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 590 596, 1991.