bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nieko nėra, arba Būties problema sofistų mąstyme
Authors: Jankauskas Skirmantas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami dviejų iškiliausių sofistų - Gorgijo ir Protagoro - mąstymo atgarsiai graikų filoso- fijoje. Tariama, kad sofistų judėjimas savo siekiaís ir prielaidomis yra naujas ir santykinai autonomiškas reiškinys graikų kosme, o dėl to jį reikia legalizuoti. Mėglnama parodyti, kad sofistai jsivelia j filosofinę diskusiją, siekdami prasimušti kosme onto/oginę nišą savo veiklai. Vadovaujantis tokiu požiūriu anali- zuojamas Gorgijo kūrinys „Apie nebūti, arba prigimtį'. Parodoma, kad jame logiškai „sukiršinamos', taigi ir nuvainikuojamos Iigtolínės filosofijos išvados. Daroma išvada, kad taip Gorgijas sukomplikuoja ligtolinį „naivų", arba neproblemišką, graikų filosofavimą, o antra vertus, negatyviai nužymi pamatinę sofistų veik/os prielaidą - žmogaus nuomonės reikšmingumą. Vėliau parodoma, kad tą pačią prielaidą jau pozityviai pagrindžia Protagoras savo garsiuoju žmogaus-mato kriterijumi. Patikslinama, kad šio kriterijaus esmė ta, kad kosmo (Iogo)juslinis permatavimas nureikšmina mąstymą, taigi ir kilusius vidinius prieštaravimas, kartu santykinai išlaisvina kalbą ir sudaro prielaidas sofistiniam iškalbos menui atsirasti. Straipsnis baigiamas išvada, kad sofistų idėjų sąlytis su graikų filosofija privertė graikų filosofas jsisąmoninti pamatines - būties, pažinimo ir vertybių - problemas.
Socialinės epistemologijos idėja ir natūralistinė dilema
Authors: Rimkutė Audronė
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip vienoje iš natūralistinės epistemologijos atmainų - socialinėje epistemologijoje - iškyla ir sprendžiama "natūralistinė dilema". Analizuojamos dvi pagrindinės socialinės epistemologijos koncepcijos - Alvino Goldmano veritizmas ir Steve’o Fullerio sociologinis natūralizmas. Šių koncepcijų šalininkai polemizuoja tiek su klasikine epistemologija, tiek su radikaliuoju natūralizmu teigdami, kad epistemologija turi būti ir natūralistinė, ir normatyvinė. Straipsnyje ginamas teiginys, kad tokios sušvelninto natūralizmo teorijos neišvengiamai yra nenuoseklios metodologiniu požiūriu.
Aristotelio stygius šiuolaikiniame moksle
Authors: Müürsepp Peeter
Published: January 2019

Ypač sparti gamtamokslio pažanga ir stulbinantys praktiniai jo taikymai XVII a. lėmė kvantitatyvinės metodologijos įsivyravimą, taigi ir sprendimą, jog Aristotelis paseno ir tapo nebeaktualus mokslo pažangos prasme. Parmenidiškomis idealizuotų abstrakčių esinių paieškomis grįsta tendencija truko keletą šimtme čių, o jos kulminacija buvo pragmatistinė-pozityvistinė mokslo samprata. Tik paskutiniame XX a. trečdalyje susigriebta, kad analitinės filosofijos propaguojamas kiekybinis požiūris paverčia mokslą instrumentiškai efektyvia, tačiau ne atveriančia, o veikiau pasaulį paslepiančia veikla, t. y. buvo suvoktas pasaulio suprantamumo stygius, principinis kitokių metafizinių prielaidų poreikis. Taip paskutiniais XX a. dešimtmečiais atsigręžta į Aristotelio idėjas. Aristotelio renesansą filosofinėje mokslo refleksijoje paskatino D. W. Grahamas, atkreipęs dėmesį į tai, kad būta dviejų Aristotelių: Organono Aristotelio - logiko, retoriko, ir Aristotelio - fizinių ir metafizinių traktatų autoriaus. Kaip tik antrasis susigrąžino tyrinėtojų dėmesį. Vienas ryškiausių bandymų atskleisti šiandien aktualias Aristotelio pažinimo interpretacijos ypatybes buvo prancūzų matematiko ir filosofo R. Thomo mokslo koncepcija. Joje Aristotelis iškyla kaip intuityvus mąstytojas, kaip fenomenologas. Thomas didžiojo stagiriečio filosofijoje netgi įžvelgė šiuolaikinės topologijos prielaidas ir pateikė svarbiausius argumentus įrodinėdamas, kad būtent aristoteliškų kvalitatyvinių idėjų stokoja šiuolaikinis mokslas, vedantis į anonimizuojančią pasaulio fragmentaciją. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas dviejų Aristotelių skirties aktualumas, aptariami R. Thomo bei kitų mąstytojų, mėginančių grąžinti į pasaulį suprantamumą, argumentai. Autorius daro išvadą, kad Thomo bandymas pademonstruoti stagiriečio aktualumą nebuvo pakankamai sėkmingas, tačiau pati intencija grįžti prie kvalitatyvinio požiūrio moksle yra neabejotinai šiuolaikiška, aktuali ir plėtotina.
Tiesa ir tikrumas Wittgensteino filosofijoje
Authors: Plėšnys Albinas
Published: January 2019

Vitgenšteiniška tiesos ir tikrumo sampratos analizė reikalauja bent paviršutiniškai išmanyti tradicinę tiesos interpretaciją. Straipsnyje ši interpretacija trumpai aptariama atsižvelgiant į tris tiesos aspektus - ontologinį, loginį ir etinį. Veikale "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" Wittgensteinas pateikia konkrečią ontologinę koncepciją, kuria remdamasis suformuluoja savąją tiesos sampratą. "Filosofiniuose tyrinėjimuose" pagrindine tampa kalbinio žaidimo sąvoka. Vėlyvasis Wittgensteinas nepripažįsta jokių išankstinių taisyklių ar prielaidų, kurios leistų apibrėžti pasaulio struktūrą ir nurodytų teiginių priimtinumo sąlygas. Atsisakęs apriorinės ir vienintelės ontologinės schemos, jis atsisako ir ontologinės tiesos koncepcijos, pakeisdamas ją tikrumo sąvoka, kuri yra vidinė kalbinio žaidimo ypatybė. Jo nuomone, tikrumas reiškia tik tai, kad neegzistuoja alternatyvaus kalbinio žaidimo, kuris leistų manyti kitaip.
Homoiosis Theo problemos rabinistiniame ir helenistiniame judaizme
Authors: Gudelytė Kristina
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos Homoiosis Theo (imitatio dei) - vienos iš populiariausių religijos ir filosofijos kategorijų - problemos; šis antikos filosofų iškeltas tobulo gyvenimo idealas, paplitęs tiek žydų, tiek graikų kultūrse, leidžia geriau suprasti jų mąstysenos panašumus ir skirtumus. Filono Aleksandriečio egzegezę galima laikyti sinkretizmo tendencijų kulminacija, kurioje gana ryškiai išsiskleidė helenistinio judaizmo bruožai. Skirtingų kultūrų sinkrezės problematika, esminė šiuolaikinėje civilizacijoje, straipsnyje tyrinėjama vienu iš savo ankstyvųjų pavidalų.
Tikslieji mokslai ir visybiškas socialinės tikrovės supratimas
Authors: Näpinen Leo
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas klausimas, ar tiksliųjų mokslų metodai yra tinkami socialinėje srityje, siekiant visybiškai suprasti visuomenės gyvenimą. Ar pagrįstas socialinių mokslų, šiandien vis plačiau taikančių mate- matikos metodus, lūkestis šiais metodais vis tiksliau suprasti visuomenės gyvenimą? Autorius atsako vienareikšmiškai neigiamai. Straipsnyje ginamas požiūris, pagal kurį tiksliųjų mokslų sąvokos ir metodai tinka tik socialiniams procesams modeliuoti, o modelių kūrimas gali prasidėti ne anksčiau, nei socialinius reiškinius supranta sveikas protas, filosofija bei istorinis tyrimas. Todėl visybiško sudėtingos ir įvairiopos socialinės tikrovės supratimo uždavinys lieka pačių socialinių mokslininkų uždavinys. Prasminga kalbėti apie tiksliųjų ir istorinių mokslų bendradarbiavimą, o ne bandymą išstumti vienas kitą.
F. Nietzsche: klasikinio mąstymo metaforinis architektūriškumas ir jo simptomatika
Authors: Mickevičius Arūnas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas F. Nietzsche’s požiūris į klasikinio mąstymo paradigmą. Remiantis Nietzsche’s „valios siekti galios“ teorija, numatančia tik genealoginį, tipologinį ir simptomologinį pasaulio supratimą, siekiama parodyti, kad klasikinio mąstymo prigimtis yra ne racionali loginė, bet metaforiška. Todėl racionali klasikinio mąstymo raiška Nietzsche’s „galios“ filosofijoje atsiveria tik kaip niekada nepašalinamo pirmapradžio metaforiškumo liekana, kaip metaforiškumo suakmenėjimas ar neteisėta užmarštis ir kaip tik todėl racionalus klasikinis mąstymas Nietzsche‘s požiūriu ir negali apeliuoti į jokią universalią Tiesą, į jokį universalųjį pasaulio pažinimą, kylantį iš kokio nors vieno metafizinio pradžios taško. Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, kokiomis sąmonės architektūrinėmis metaforomis Nietzche aprašė klasikinį mąstymą ir kokia šio mąstymo simptomatika nagrinėjant jį iš „valios siekti galios“ interpretatyviųjų ir metaforinių pozicijų.
Ekologinė etika ir subjekto problema
Authors: Kalenda Česlovas
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama Europos filosofijos patirtis, sukaupta apmąstant žmogaus ir gamtos sąveiką. Racionalistinėje naujųjų laikų filosofijoje subjektas buvo redukuotas į žmogaus protą ir supriešintas su objektu – gamta, kuri kultūroje įgijo desubjektyvuotos ir deetizuotos realybės statusą. XIX a. vokiečių objektyvusis idealizmas įveikė kategorišką žmogaus ir gamtos supriešinimą, o pomodernizmo filosofija demaskavo jį kaip Vakarų kultūros būdą primesti žmogaus valią gamtai ir atvėrė subjekto decentracijos perspektyvą. Socialinis-ekologinis poreikis keisti žmogaus santykį su gamta skatina kelti klausimą: ar galima gamtinį objektą suvokti kaip subjektą? Straipsnyje pateikiama šio klausimo teigiamo sprendimo versija.
Apie gamtą kaip kultūros šaltinį
Authors: Kalenda Česlovas
Published: January 2019

Knygos recenzija. V. Baltrūnas. Gamta kaip kultūros šaltinis: monografija. - Vilnius: Andrena, 2003. - 134 p.
Supratimas ir subjektyvumas: hermeneutinės H.G. Gadamerio ir K. O. Apelio strategijos
Authors: Borisov Evgenij
Published: January 2019

Polemic of K.-O. Apel against H.-G. Gadamers philosophical hermeneutics moots the question about the difference between ontological and methodological approaches to the phenomenon of understanding. This problem is treated in the paper on the ground of the analysis of the role of subjectivity in the communicative and hermeneutical models of the two thinkers. The results is the contrast between the pragmatic “regulative idea” of the total subjectivity in Apel and the ontological destruction of subjectivity in Gadamer. The author assumes that it can contribute to the demarcation between pragmaticmethodological and ontological strategies in hermeneutics.
Negatyvumas kaip konstituojamasis faktorius šiuolaikinės psichoanalizės ir postmodernizmo kontekste
Authors: Ignatovich Ekaterina
Published: January 2019

The article in question is concerned with the possibilities of overlapping of the conceptual fields of the contemporary psychoanalysis and postmarxism. The common foundation of the both theoretical discourses is the anti-essentialist attitude. E. Laclau, as one of the most prominent postmarxiit thinkers, proposes the thesis of “Impossibility of Society”, which implies that society as a discursive formation is based upon its immanent antagonism, inherent limit, which constitutes ideological statements about the fullness and completeness of the social. Very similarly sound the assertions of S. Žižek, the most acknowledged follower of J. Lacan, namely, that both on the subject's level and on the society's one we have to do with symbolic compensations, which are condensed around certain impossible traumatic experience – “the kernels of the Real”. The article examines these ways of rethinking and reformulating of such established notions as “unconscious”, “symptom”, “ideology”, “hegemony” and so on, actually the way of providing a quite different theoretical language, which respond adequately to the dislocating effects of the contemporary post-industrial society.
NEVERBALINIO KONTINUUMO HIPOTEZĖ: PRASMĖ KAIP ĮGIMTAS GEBĖJIMAS INTERPRETUOTI?
Authors: Gilaitis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

Šiuo straipsniu siekiama kritiškai aptarti Rolando Pavilionio knygoje „Kalba. Logika. Filosofija“ analizuojamas logines-filosofines kalbos koncepcijas, pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant Pavilionio prasmės kaip neverbalinio kontinuumo hipotezės analizei. Straipsnį sudaro dvi dalys. Pirmoje, analitinėje, dalyje išskiriami du prasmės teorijų tipai bei atliekama knygoje kritiškai aptariamų natūralios kalbos koncepcijų analizė: įvardijamos filosofinei semantikai reikšmingos šių koncepcijų prielaidos, kurių pagrindu specifikuojamos Pavilionio siūlomos alternatyvios semantinių tyrimų programos teorinės prielaidos. Antroje, kritinėje, dalyje išskiriami du Pavilionio semantikos teorijos trūkumai. Pirma, teigiama, jog Pavilionio supratimo teorija, interpretacijos sąvoką siūlanti laikyti fundamentalia, yra nepriimtina: interpretacija yra ne supratimą steigianti, o jį įgalinanti sąlyga. Antra, kadangi nėra episteminių prasmės aspektų bei konceptų ir konceptualinių gebėjimų santykio aptarties, lieka neaišku, kokią teorinę vertę turi įgimtų konceptų idėja bei kaip ši idėja gali būti suderinama su eksternalistiniais šios semantikos teorijos aspektais.
As mitologias do sertão através do cinema e literatura
Authors: Varjão Thiago De Brito
Published: January 2019

O cinema e a literatura de cordel apresentam o Nordeste como uma feira de mitos com características sui generis no que concerne à cultura popular. O imaginário que cerca a região constitui o Nordeste como sendo a terra das lendas, dos cangaceiros, dos jagunços, dos vaqueiros e líderes religiosos. A partir desse ponto de vista, o Nordeste pode ser encarado como uma construção imagético-discursiva onde se propagam os mais diversos mitos, tipicamente, heroicos gerados em um grupo socioeconômico marginalizado, de proletários arraigados à terra. Nesse cenário, dois personagens fundamentais aparecem constantemente nas histórias populares: o cangaceiro e as figuras santas, beatos e líderes religiosos carismáticos. Dentro do corpus, se procura investigar como se dá o processo de criação desses personagens mitificados bem como a função destes a partir do universo imagético-discursivo do cinema e literatura.
Literatura e memória: configuração estética da obra De mim já nem se lembra, de Luiz Ruffato
Authors: Silva Daniele Cristina da , Vilalva Walnice Aparecida Matos
Published: January 2019

De mim já nem se lembra (2016), de Luiz Ruffato, é um romance epistolar que apresenta assuntos caros ao seu autor, quais sejam, as memórias familiares. No presente artigo, situando-o em uma produção literária contemporânea, propor-se-á um diálogo sobre a multiplicidade de vozes que ressoam juntamente com os discursos dos narradores e que contribuem para a construção estética da obra. Na primeira parte do artigo, apresentar-se-á uma breve reflexão sobre a origem do gênero romanesco e seu desdobramento em romance epistolar para, então, discutir sobre a figura do narrador e sua configuração na obra em questão, sem a pretensão de esgotar as possibilidades de leituras sobre essa figura tão cara à narrativa. Posteriormente, aprofundar-se-á na análise do romance, evidenciando suas particularidades quanto à configuração das memórias familiares, tendo como principal recurso a concepção bakhtiniana do plurilinguíssimo no romance. Dessa forma, será evidenciado o modo como as categorias tempo e espaço são relativizadas no universo romanesco destacando, assim, a engenhosidade da obra.
A poesia intimista-militante guineense: elos entre a literatura e o engajamento político
Authors: Melo Luís Carlos Alves de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo central promover uma reflexão sobre a poesia engajada produzida na Guiné-Bissau desde os movimentos de libertação nacional até os dias atuais, desaguando no que conhecemos como literatura intimista-militante, como meio hábil para se demonstrar os elos de aproximação entre literatura e política. A literatura guineense é, sem sombra de dúvidas, exemplo de como esses dois elementos são parte de um mesmo contexto e de como podemos estar diante de obras poéticas que se transfiguram em verdadeiros manifestos políticos, assim como discursos políticos que podem ser vertidos em peças poéticas de grande valor estético. *** The intimate-militant Guinean poetry: links between literature and political engagement ***This article has as main objective to promote a reflection on the engaged poetry produced in Guinea Bissau since the national liberation movements to present day, in what we know as intimate-militant literature as a way to demonstrate the links between literary and political approaches. Guinean literature’s, without doubt, an example of how these two elements are part of the same context, and how we can be in touch with poetic works that transform into real political manifests, as well as political speeches that can be understood as poetic pieces of great aesthetic value.Keywords: Guinean literature; intimate poetry; engagement; political literature.
SYMON PETLIURA’S LETTER TO MINISTER OF DEFENCE MYKOLA YUNAKIV
Authors: Shevchenko V.
Published: January 2019

The publication aims to open to the public epistolary and documentary source for the history of the Ukrainian government in exile in the field of diplomacy and international cooperation. Symon Petliura as Chairman of the Directory of the UNR in his letter to Mykola Yunakiv dated August 28, 1922, reveals the general geopolitical situation in Europe, the Near East and the Caucasus. All important events are described in a letter from these regions he brings to the Ukrainian centered denominator, trying to find a positive exit to "Ukrainian question" among the international community and with the help of a number of factors that have developed at that time in the surrounding lands to Ukraine. Head of the Directory informs the Minister of War on December about the backstage game during the Genoa and Hague conferences expressed himself assumptions about the opportunities opening anti-Bolshevik front in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING IN TEACHING GRAMMAR TO TERTIARY STUDENTS
Authors: Kavytska Tamara , Osidak Viktoriya
Published: January 2019

Background: The importance of grammar in building foreign language competence is indisputable, especially as learners advance in proficiency. In terms of teaching grammar, as Larsen-Freeman suggests, it is less about polishing grammar abilities and skills but more about localizing a grammar problem. Therefore, many researchers insist that it is assessment that can provide feedback about students’ progress and problems and make a strong contribution to the improvement of grammar performance through feedback analysis. Assessment is viewed in this case as a tool of managing, revisiting and redesigning the FL training. Purpose: This objective of this paper is to show evidence of how interaction between assessment and teach­ing grammar to tertiary students can yield substantial learning improvements. The article also aims at discussing the empirical research carried out by the authors in order to reveal gaps in English grammar acquisition. Discussion: The research, described in the paper, is designed in such a way that it could provide valid feed­back from two perspectives: a student receives information about their progress to monitor language acquisition and improve performance whereas a teacher makes use of the information for the efficient management of the 55 educational process. The feedback received by the teacher enables effective filling the gaps in students’ grammar competence by restructuring the learning content and selecting appropriate teaching techniques. The research framework of the study has utilized the following steps: 1) defining objectives of testing grammar in tertiary school and identifying the objects for assessment; 2) developing a grammar test construct; 3) designing the test; 4) pilot­ing the test; 5) analyzing the test results; 6) conducting a self-assessment survey among students (n=63). Results: The study presented in the article has provided reliable evidence of substantial learning improve­ments as a result of using assessment in educational contexts in terms of classroom management.
Pregnant women’s perception of themselves and other drivers as road users
Authors: Ershova O.A.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the study of the perception of pregnant women — drivers of the road transport environment, its participants and themselves as a driver. The study was conducted on the basis of women’s consultations in Moscow, the respondents were 30 pregnant women drivers and 30 non — pregnant women drivers as a control group. The main purpose of the study was to identify the features of the perception of pregnant and non-pregnant women drivers themselves as a driver, road transport environment and its participants. To analyze the peculiarities of emotional and semantic representations of pregnant and non-pregnant women drivers, the following methods were used: “Personal differential”; “Unfinished sentences”; projective technique “I am a driver”. T student t — test was used to assess the differences between the perception of the driver by pregnant women drivers and non — pregnant women drivers. The results of the study suggest that there are significant differences between the perception of pregnant women as drivers and non — pregnant women drivers. To a greater extent, they are expressed in the increased emotionality of pregnant women, their immersion in their own condition and a more negative assessment of their driving skills.
The relationship of driving skills of students driving with their individual psychological features
Authors: Bebinov S.E. , Salnikov V.A. , Krivoschekova O.N.
Published: January 2019

Experimental data on the study of road behavior of driving school students are presented. The hypothesis was tested that the individual psychological differences of students are reflected in driving. The study was implemented on the basis of the training center «Technopark SibADI», Omsk. The sample size was 29 people (11 girls and 18 boys) aged 18 to 21 years. The initial level of preparedness of the participants in the experiment and the training conditions were the same. By the method of expert assessments, it has been established that persons exhibiting approximate and performing driving styles choose various driving techniques in the traffic flow. Depending on driving style, the nature of the correlation between professional driving skills and individual psychological characteristics changes. It was experimentally revealed that, depending on the typological features of the manifestation of the properties of the nervous system, the properties of temperament and the level of personal anxiety, novice drivers have different priorities in driving.
Música e Singularização. Uma Reflexão Prodromal sobre o Problema da Escuta em Música
Authors: Carvalho Mário Santiago de
Published: January 2019

Is it possible for a philosophy of music to offer a point of departure to pure philosophy? Defending the exclusively human character of the music, the paper aims at giving a positive answer to this question. Since it is not the same to propose a philosophy (of music) taking the “evidence” or the “audience” (being this neologism a correlate for “evidence”) as its basis, it is claimed that one must equate listening, interpretation, uniqueness and creation. Mostly in a critical dialogue with recent practitioners of a secondary philosophy of music (R. Scruton, G. Graham, A. Hamilton), the paper puts forward a new key to the equation proposed.
Risonanze della Teoria della Formatività di Luigi Pareyson nell’Estetica Musicale Contemporanea
Authors: Oliva Stefano
Published: January 2019

In spite of its limited influence on Italian Aesthetics, Luigi Pareyson’s Aesthetics. Theory of formativity is often cited in the contemporary debate about Aesthetic of music. In this paper I will present the context and reception of Pareyson’s theory of formativity, one of the main post-Crocian aesthetic theories. Then, I will introduce some of the key concepts of Pareyson’s Aesthetics as person, form and interpretation; at last, I will show the relevance of these concepts for issues such as: musical gesture, improvisation, written and not written music, musical ontology. Although these terms are rooted in Pareyson’s existentialist and hermeneutic background, quite far from contemporary philosophy of music, they seem to offer valuable tools to think the musical experience as a dynamic process, as an activity which «while it is doing, invents the way of doing».
A Escuta do Irreversível: Filosofia e Música em Vladimir Jankélévitch
Authors: Beato José Manuel
Published: January 2019

The philosophical work of Vladimir Jankélévitch lives on a narrow interweaving of metaphysics, morals and aesthetics. The metaphysical concepts he created and mobilized, as well as his method – which combines “paradoxology” and “mysteriology” – are find in the treatment of musical questions, as already are seen in action in his ethics. Amateur but dedicated pianist, Jankélévitch also possessed high musicological skills. Thus, in addition to monographic studies and essays on modern composers such as Ravel, Debussy, Fauré, among others, he left us elements of a philosophy of music in La musique et l’ineffable (1961). The present article aims to present some of the fundamental themes of this connection between philosophy and musical experience. Fundamentally, music allows listening to the “irreversible”: a way of experiencing the essence of time, articulating lived time and the time of cosmos in a “stylized time” that ultimately is a great instant between two liminal and fecund silences.
Wittgenstein e o Realismo Religioso de Beethoven
Authors: Venturinha Nuno
Published: January 2019

This paper explores Wittgenstein’s lifelong interest in music. The first part offers an overview of the various authors mentioned throughout Wittgenstein’s corpus, particularly in the posthumous publications Culture and Value and Movements of Thought. The second part specifically examines some of Wittgenstein’s remarks on Beethoven focusing on the peculiar religious realism that Wittgenstein attributes to Beethoven’s work. Recent interpretations put forward by Matthew Lau and Béla Szabados are discussed. It is argued that these commentators fail to address the religious basis of Wittgenstein’s admiration for Beethoven.
Musical Minimalism and the Metaphysics of Time
Authors: García-Carril Puy Nemesio
Published: January 2019

I defend in this paper the thesis that there is a complex relation between minimalist musical works and the metaphysics of time, involving ontological, epistemological and axiological issues. This relation is explained by means of three sub-theses. The first one is that minimalist musical works literally exemplify –in Goodman’s sense– the properties ascribed to time by the metaphysical static view: 1) minimalist works intrinsically possess those properties by being composed according to the technique of minimal repetition; 2) they extrinsically refer to those properties in virtue of pragmatic processes of accommodation of disagreements on what is taken to be common ground in a particular musical context. The second sub-thesis is that, in exemplifying those properties, minimalist musical works are valuable from two perspectives: a formalist one, according to which minimalist works purify the concept of what a musical work is; and a cognitive one, insofar they allow us to obtain phenomenal knowledge of what it is like to experience time as the static view conceives it. The third sub-thesis is that each particular minimalist musical work is valuable insofar it achieves either the formalist or the cognitive goals in an original way.
Philosophy of Music: Wittgenstein and Cardew
Authors: Polo Pujadas Magda
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on the experimental music that emerged after the Second World War and in graphic musical notation. He has a special interest in the influence exercised by the reading of the Tractatus Logico Philosophicus in the musical work Treatise by Cornelius Cardew. The isomorphism between language and reality and the different types of propositions formulated by the first Wittgenstein represent a new conception of music in the composer.
Analysis of caesarean sections according to modified Robson’s ten group classification system at a tertiary care centre in Western India
Authors: Jogia Priyanka D. , Lodhiya Kaushik K.
Published: January 2019

Background: The increasing trends for Caesarean section (CS) in India and worldwide have been a cause of concern. The aim is to compare and analyse CS rates across the globe, WHO recommends the Robson’s ten group classification system (TGCS). This will help to target appropriate group of women for reduction of overall CS rates.Methods: This was a retrospective study design using hospital records for women delivered in December 2017. Data was entered and analysed using excel 2007 and presented using modified Robson’s ten group classification system.Results: Out of total 650 women delivered during the study period, 184 (28.3%) delivered by CS. Group 1 and group 2 included a total of 49.53% women in the present study. The CS rates varied from 100% in group 5 (previous CS), group 7 (breech, multiparous) and group 9 (abnormal lie) to as low as 0.9% in group 3. The present study highlights that group 5 i.e. women with previous CS, contributed maximum (37%) to the overall surgical deliveries with group 2 being the second largest contributor (21%).Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that group 5-women with prior CS and group 2-women with induced labour contributed maximum to overall CS rates. TOLAC should be a routine and not optional. Simultaneously Judicious selection of women for induction, strict implementation of induction protocols to decrease the cases of failed inductions will also reduce primary CS. To monitor the CS rates and take appropriate actions it is recommended that Robson’s TGCS be used continuously in all health institutions.
Retrospective analysis of efficacy of washed husband semen IUI for oligoasthenoteratospermia in an urban centre
Authors: Sivaraman Shanthi , Eralil Georgy Joy
Published: January 2019

Background: The true incidence of male subfertility is unknown due to great variability in the prevalence of subfertility. Artificial insemination with husband’s semen is the most widely used treatment for male infertility, usually presumed because of oligospermia, and for what is called ‘mucus hostility’ when there is failure of sperm penetration of cervical mucus despite normal seminal analysis.Methods: The study was conducted in 438 couples with male factor infertility at the ARTC (artificial reproductive technique centre) of Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore. Results of at least two seminograms (based on WHO norms) were used to primarily classify males into three categories-oligozoospermic, asthenozoo spermic and oligoasthenoteratospermic. The media used were the Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS), Ham’s F10 and Medicult. EBSS and Ham’s F10 were obtained as “readymade” solutions from Sigma, USA. Medicult was imported from Denmark. EBSS and Ham’s F10 were supplemented with protein using FCS (Fetal cord Serum) or HEPES (4(2-hydroxyethyil)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid). Benzyl pencillin, 60mg per litre and Streptomycin, 50mg per litre were also to the media.Results: By the DMRT analysis of post wash count, the influence of the count below 5 million or above 20 million on the pregnancy rate was significant at all the levels of male factor.Conclusions: Considering the male factor, in cases of oligoasthenoteratospermia, IUI has a positive significant effect on the success rate of pregnancy at all three levels of the post wash sperm count.
Pregnancy outcome with hepatitis E infection
Authors: Mayadeo Niranjan M. , Shah Sachi N.
Published: January 2019

Background: Hepatitis E is usually a self-limited viral infection in men and non-pregnant women, but during pregnancy it is associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality. This needs to be studied for early diagnosis and better management.Methods: The study commenced after the approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. This was a retrospective cum prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit in present tertiary care hospital between February 2012 and July 2017. An analysis of 120 cases was made over a period of five years.Results: In this study the incidence of pregnant patients with hepatitis E was 3.09 per 1000 deliveries. It was found that majority of the patients which were diagnosed with hepatitis E were young and belonged to the age group of 21-25 years. Most of the affected patients were primigravida with increasing severity of the disease in their third trimester. The maternal morbidity was 51% with a mortality rate of 20%. The percentage of still birth was 25.64% with increased incidence of preterm deliveries and poor perinatal outcome.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and rapid management of the complications such as correction of abnormal coagulation and supportive management is the best treatment available at present. ICU admission and with strict maternal and foetal monitoring can help improve the outcome and thereby reducing the maternal and perinatal mortality.
Retrospective study to find predictive factors of scar dehiscence in previous caesarean section to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality
Authors: Tyagi Natasha , Prabhakar Manju , Tyagi Smita
Published: January 2019

Background: Uterine scar dehiscence is a complication in which scar tissue remaining from previous C-section is disrupted and separated. Its incidence ranges between 0.2%-4.3% of all pregnancies with previous caesarean. It is asymptomatic in 48% of patients and thus is a serious complication because if not predicted it can lead to uterine rupture.Methods: Patients included in the study were of previous caesarean who were taken for repeat caesarean and scar dehiscence was not predicted preoperatively but seen intra-operatively. History, symptoms, signs and radiological investigations were interpreted to find out single or multiple factors responsible for scar dehiscence.Results: Incidence of scar dehiscence was found to be 8.3% .Scar dehiscence was detected in 55% of cases who were gravida 3 and above, all patients with intraoperative scar tenderness, 35% of patients with scar thickness ˂2mm, 70% cases with POG 37-40 weeks, 65% of patients with interpregnancy interval˂18 months,86.6% of patients with scar dehiscence had baby birth weight ˃3kg.Conclusions: Authors concluded that a single factor which has maximum predictive value for scar dehiscence is scar tenderness.
A prospective randomized comparative study of Misoprostol and balloon tamponade using condom catheter to prevent postpartum hemorrhage at M. Y. H., Indore, India in vaginal delivered patients
Authors: Yadav Sumitra , Malhotra Anjali
Published: January 2019

Background: PPH is responsible for quarter of maternal deaths occurring worldwide and its incidence is increasing in developed world. According to Confidential Enquiries into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) report obstetric hemorrhage occurs in around3.7 per 1000 births. The objective of the study is that it was a prospective randomized comparative study of misoprostol and balloon tamponade via condom catheter to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in normal delivered patients at MYH.Methods: A sample size of 200 normal delivered patients between age group 18 and 45 years is chosen with excessive bleeding after third stage of labour and after administration of oxytocics. These 200 patients are divided into two groups: First group receiving Misoprostol and applying condom catheter in other group. Both groups are evaluated for PPH.Results: It was found that CG balloon condom catheter was a much better and more effective alternative in controlling PPH than Misoprostol as the failure rate with CG balloon condom catheter were  much less than that  with misoprostol. Due to its cost effectiveness and being easily available at primary health center and due to absence of any drug reactions and easy technique of formation makes it a better modality in controlling PPH even at PHC.Conclusions: Patients with condom catheter in situ must show better result than patients receiving misoprostol.
Effect of transdermal nitroglycerin patch on severe preeclamptic women with abnormal Doppler indices
Authors: S. El-Ebshehy El-Sayed , M. Hagras Ahmed , T. Elbadry Amr , M. Awara Ahmed
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim is to evaluate the effect of maternal transdermal nitro-glycerine patch administration on blood flow resistance on maternal uterine artery, fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in patients with severe pre-eclampsia in early gestational age (24 weeks to 33 weeks) associated with abnormal Doppler indices (placental insufficiency) and also its effect on maternal mean arterial blood pressure.Methods: This is a prospective interventional clinical trial conducted on (50) pregnant women with singleton pregnancy diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia admitted in high-risk pregnancy unit at the Department of Obstetrics  in Tanta University Hospitals, A 50-mg transdermal GTN patch (Novartis Pharma) was applied to the abdominal skin, releasing nitroglycerin at a rate of 0.4 mg/h. Doppler ultrasonography and measurement of maternal blood pressure were performed before application of transdermal GTN patch, after 4 hours of application, after 24 hours and after 48 hours.Results: the application of a 50-mg transdermal GTN patch to the maternal abdomen was associated with a significant decline in the PI of the uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow. No change was observed in the PI of the cerebral circulation. And also, there was a significant decrease in maternal blood pressure (MAP).Conclusions: Nitroderm patch (nitric oxide donors) may be used as initial therapy in cases of severe preeclampsia complicated by placental insufficiency in the form of abnormal Doppler indices.
Uterine atony risk factor after vaginal delivery in a tertiary hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: A. Ratsiatosika Tanjona , Romuald Randriamahavonjy , A. Lantonirina Rainibarijaona , I. A. Housni , A. Martial Rakotonirina , Ismael Mhoudine Said , Ando-Miora Rakotonirina , H. Rakotovao Andrianampanalinarivo
Published: January 2019

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in developing countries. Uterine atony is the cause in 80% of cases. Through this study, we want to determine risk factors for uterine atony after vaginal delivery route with oxytocin-mediated delivery.Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study ranging from January 1st 2017 to June 31st 2018 at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Gynecology-Obstetrics. The cases consisted of patients who had spontaneous vaginal delivery in the centre and had uterine atony. Authors studied maternal, obstetrical, neonatal parameters. Authors used the R software for the statistical analysis of the results.Results: We found 40 cases of uterine atony out of 5421 deliveries with a prevalence of 0,73%. The average age was 27.73 years old±6.46 years old (p=0.113). The average parity was 2.67±1.62 (p=0.22). The total duration of labor was 6.88±2.95 hours (p=0.0187). The average duration of rupture of the membrane was 5.80±11.90 hours (0.003376). We found as risk factor of uterine atony the increase in oxytocin infusion rate during labor (OR=18.67, 95% CI 2.21-157.57), the artificial rupture of membranes (OR=5, 27, 95% CI 2.11-13.19), artificial induction of labor (OR=7.08, 95% CI 2.06-24.28) and labor over six hours (OR=2.53, 95% CI) % 1.18-5.47). In univariate analysis, premature delivery and a hypotrophic fetus were a factor risk of uterine atony (OR=3.07, 95% CI 1.27-7.44 and OR=3.43 95% CI 1.48-8.09 respectively) but this risk is not statistically significant in multivariate analysis with logistic regression (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.40-3.84 and OR=2.19 95% CI 0.77-6.22). The main treatment was uterotonic drug use (72.5%). Authors identified seven cases of haemostasis hysterectomy and two cases of maternal death.Conclusions: Present study confirms risk factors for uterine atony already known as prolonged labor and increased oxytocic infusion rate. Unrecognized factors have been identified as a risk factor for uterine atony such as the duration of rupture of the membranes and artificial rupture of the membranes. A minimal inflammation hypothesis that reduces susceptibility to oxytocin may explain this association. Knowing these factors would reduce the occurrence of uterine atony to reduce maternal mortality.
Study of maternal and fetal outcome in HIV positive women on HAART therapy in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Shankar Priya , J. Madhu
Published: January 2019

Background: India has the third largest population of HIV. Moving from single dose nevirapine in labor to use of HAART treatment for all pregnant women and the outcome of the same was the subject of present study.Methods: Retrospective study of HIV positive pregnant women on HAART treatment admitted in labor room at Karnataka institute of medical sciences from June 2015 to December 2016. A retrospective analytical study of 93 women with HIV positive status on HAART therapy admitted in labor at KIMS was done by collecting data from case records. Baby follow up details were collected from ART center, KIMS.Results: Parameters studied were maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal outcome in terms of mode of delivery, morbidity and mortality and fetal outcomes in terms of APGAR at birth, weight of the baby, NICU admission, incidence of meconium, still birth and intrauterine fetal demise, follow up of the babies at 6 weeks, 6 Months and 18 Months for seropositivity.Conclusions: HAART in pregnant women significantly improved the maternal and fetal outcomes.
A novel approach for laparoscopic retrieval of dermoid cyst
Authors: Shah Nitin H. , Joshi Aditi V. , Mourya Sunita
Published: January 2019

A dermoid cyst is a germ cell tumour, benign in nature and common in young women under the age of 30. They are usually asymptomatic and often detected incidentally on imaging. Resection of the cyst is important owing to complications like torsion or malignancy. Laparoscopic surgery is the modality of choice in today’s era. However, rupture of the cyst during laparoscopic retrieval is any surgeon’s nightmare. Hence, good surgical skill and a reliable method of retrieval are of prime importance here. Authors present a novel method of dermoid extraction done laparoscopically with a sterile urine collection (urobag) bag. This is an easy and simple method which decreases the rate of spillage owing to the strength of the bag.
Severe PID with sub-acute intestinal obstruction during third trimester of pregnancy: a rare presentation
Authors: Lucksom Pesona Grace , Thatal Annet , Rai Patrika , Thakkar Spruha Navinbhai , Niranjan Kapil Singh
Published: January 2019

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) during late pregnancy is rare. Authors report a case of severe PID manifesting as subacute intestinal obstruction at early third trimester of pregnancy. A 26 years woman at 28 weeks of gestation was admitted in OBG department of Central Referral Hospital (CRH), Sikkim for evaluation of pain in left hypochondrium with tachycardia and mild rise in temperature. Her WBC was 26,900/cmm while urine and blood cultures were sterile. USG showed single live gestation of 27weeks 3days with a heterogeneous mass suggestive of degenerative fibroid. She had recurrent episodes of subacute intestinal obstructions. Her condition deteriorated, hence, elective caesarean with exploratory laparotomy was done. Single live baby was delivered after which abdominal exploration revealed purulent ascites with multiple pockets of pus. Omental cake along with the bowel was adhered to the fundus of uterus. There was no area of perforation in the gut. Bilateral adnexa were adherent to the pre-sacral region which was densely adhered to underlying great vessels. Post operatively antibiotic to cover the anaerobic bacteria were given to which she responded. Baby died after 4 days of birth due to sepsis. One week after discharge she was readmitted with left sided pleural effusion which responded to antibiotics. PID should be considered a cause of abdominal pain and rise in temperature in pregnancy, as early diagnosis can be managed conservatively with antibiotics thus decreasing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Thanatophoric dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Jahan Uruj , Sharma Astha , Gupta Neena , Gupta Shruti , Usmani Fatima , Rajput Ankita
Published: January 2019

Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD) is a congenital, sporadic and most lethal skeletal dysplasia caused by new mutation in FGFR3 gene. Authors report such a rare case of a term alive baby with dysmorphic features, born to an unbooked, 40 years old G4P3+0 with non-consanguineous marriage; admitted at 9 months of gestation to present hospital with complain of pain abdomen for 2 days. Patient delivered a term female baby of vaginally which had delayed cry after birth, Admitted in NICU immediately with respiratory distress. The baby looked dysmorphic and suggested TD as most likely diagnosis. The case is being reported for its rarity and for high importance of early booking and anomaly scan. Early diagnosis is important since it provides alternative options of termination of pregnancy when an affected foetus is detected.
ABO incompatibility: its impact on pregnancy and neonate
Authors: Nagashree U. , P. Swetha , Manohar Sumana , Parthasarathy Latha Kanchi
Published: January 2019

ABO incompatibility is one of the most common cause of haemolytic disease of fetus and new-born (HDFN). The expression of ABO incompatibility in most of the cases is mild due to the lower expression of A and B Antigens on fetal red cells. ABO incompatibility has affected the first pregnancy and is milder in the subsequent pregnancies.  However, we describe this case with unusually severe form of ABO incompatibility which had an effect not only in her first pregnancy but also in all her subsequent pregnancies, evident as recurrent abortions and both her neonates developed pathological jaundice requiring exchange transfusion. It also emphasizes the fact that ABO incompatibility is not always a benign condition and should be considered in all babies whose mothers have O blood group, even in the presence of a negative DAT. Anticipation of ABO incompatibility not only in the first pregnancy but also in the subsequent pregnancies is necessary. Early diagnosis with cord blood bilirubin can prevent neonatal morbidity.
Management of cervical heterotopic pregnancy with inevitable miscarriage
Authors: R. Shyamala , Srikumar Saranya , K. Radhamany
Published: January 2019

The objective is to report a case of successful treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancy resulting from IVF–ICSI conception. Case report from Amrita Institute of Medical sciences: a tertiary care referral hospital. A 47-year-old Primigravida, diagnosed with heterotopic cervical pregnancy at 6 weeks of gestation, presented with significant first trimester vaginal bleeding. Under IV sedation, Transvaginal ligation of descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries arrested the bleeding. The cervical pregnancy was successfully aborted with minimal bleeding and the intrauterine pregnancy was successfully maintained till 32 weeks, after which she required emergency preterm LSCS in view of Severe preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension a non-reassuring non-stress test (NST). The intervention applied maybe used in treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancy in a low resource setting to control the bleeding.