bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femoral Lengthening Using Ilizarov Ring Fixator and Slotted Plate
Authors: Kulkarni Sujay Milind , Kulkarni Ruta M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Femoral lengthening is generally considered a cumbersome procedure due to the long fixator duration and complexity of the surgery. Lengthening over nail and lengthening over plate (LOP) have solved most of the problems but are associated with the risk of deep infection and plate prominence, respectively. We report a series of 14 cases with the use of a slotted plate to minimize both the problems.

Materials and Methods:

The study includes 14 patients, 8 females and 6 males, including four children. The average age of patients was 17.8 years, ranging from 7 years to 30 years. Femoral lengthening was performed with Ilizarov external fixator and slotted plate.

Results:

The target length ranged from 3 cm to 7 cm with an average of 4.6 cm. External fixator duration achieved ranged from 42 days to 92 days with a mean external fixator duration of 61.5 days. The mean external fixator index was 13.3 days/cm. We had no incidence of plate prominence or deep infection. We had four cases of knee stiffness, of which one needed surgery. All the patients had good quality regenerate and consolidation.

Conclusion:

The use of a slotted plate for LOP in femoral lengthening is a useful technique to minimize the incidence of plate prominence associated with LOP.
Identification and Consequences of Fine Wire and Half-pin Loosening for External Framing
Authors: Nutt James , Sinclair Lucy , Graham Simon Matthew , Trompeter Alex
Published: March 2023

This review article discusses the published methods of identification and consequences of fine wire and half-pin loosening. The evidence is reviewed and presented for the clinical, radiological, and histological analysis of the half-pin and fine wire to bone interface.

Materials and Methods:

A PRISMA compliant systematic review was conducted. Studies investigating the use of external fixators with descriptions on measurement of half-pin and fine wire loosening were included in this review.

Results:

Eight studies were eligible and included. No randomized controlled trials were identified. Torque measurement was most frequently used to quantify the half-pin-to-bone interface, histological analysis was performed by three studies, and radiographic analysis was performed by five papers including plain film and microcomputed tomography CT techniques.

Discussion:

The available evidence was of poor quality, with a lack of homogeneity in quantitative data for torque measurements and a prevalence of arbitrary figures for the definition of loosening. There was no mechanical analysis of fire wire loosening, and the most common clinical measure used for loosening was a scale validated for infection. Micro-CT was validated against torque figures and appears to be the most repeatable measure which could be applied clinically, however has only been used in canine studies. We recommend a study to compare the clinically relevant measurement of loosening against a standard model to provide a validated method of identification or prediction of half-pin and fine wire loosening.
An Efficient Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection at Moderate Drowsiness Level Based on Electroencephalography Signal and Vehicle Dynamics Data
Authors: Houshmand Sara , Kazemi Reza , Salmanzadeh Hamed
Published: March 2023

Background:

Drowsy driving is one of the leading causes of severe accidents worldwide. In this study, an analyzing method based on drowsiness level proposed to detect drowsiness through electroencephalography (EEG) measurements and vehicle dynamics data.

Methods:

A driving simulator was used to collect brain data in the alert and drowsy states. The tests were conducted on 19 healthy men. Brain signals from the parietal, occipital, and central parts were recorded. Observer Ratings of Drowsiness (ORD) were used for the drowsiness stages assessment. This study used an innovative method, analyzing drowsiness EEG data were in respect to ORD instead of time. Thirteen features of EEG signal were extracted, then through Neighborhood Component Analysis, a feature selection method, 5 features including mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, energy, and entropy are selected. Six classification methods including K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Regression Tree, Classification Tree, Naive Bayes, Support vector machines Regression, and Ensemble Regression are employed. Besides, the lateral position and steering angle as a vehicle dynamic data were used to detect drowsiness, and the results were compared with classification result based on EEG data.

Results:

According to the results of classifying EEG data, classification tree and ensemble regression classifiers detected over 87.55% and 87.48% of drowsiness at the moderate level, respectively. Furthermore, the classification results demonstrate that if only the single-channel P4 is used, higher performance can achieve than using data of all the channels (C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2). Classification tree classifier and regression classifiers showed 91.31% and 91.12% performance with data from single-channel P4. The best classification results based on vehicle dynamic data were 75.11 through KNN classifier.

Conclusion:

According to this study, driver drowsiness could be detected at the moderate drowsiness level based on features extracted from a single-channel P4 data.
Force Generation and Muscle Activation of Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Shahrjerdi Samira , Bahrpeyma Farid , C. M. Savelberg Hans H. , Bagherian Seyed Ahmad , Jamshidpour Boshra
Published: March 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with decreased muscle force generation. The disturbed force generation process in T2DM could be attributed to either or both agonist and antagonist muscles activation. The present study aims to assess the effects of T2DM on the interaction of antagonist and agonist muscles in the knee joint.

Methods:

The peak torque, root mean square (RMS) of the SEMG signals, the ratio of torque/RMS, and the interaction of antagonists and agonist muscles were compared between healthy and T2DM patients. Surface ElectroMyoGraphy (SEMG) of knee flexor and extensor muscles were recorded during concentric contraction with an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s in 13 T2DM and 12 healthy subjects. The independent sample t-tests were used to compare diabetic and healthy subjects. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results:

The antagonist/agonist interaction during maximal extension (P = 0.010) and flexion (P = 0.022) torques of the knee joint showed significantly lower activation of antagonist muscles in T2DM patients than in healthy subjects. Lower knee flexion (41.3%) and extension torques (49.1%) and RMS of agonist and antagonist muscles were observed in T2DM. The torque/RMS ratio (P > 0.05) showed no significant differences in T2DM and healthy subjects.

Conclusion:

The reduced maximal knee flexor and extensor torques in T2DM are accompanied with the decreased myoelectric activity of corresponding muscles. The related mechanism could be attributed to lower values of antagonist/agonist interaction, which may point out some neural compensatory processes to preserve the functional capacity of the neuromuscular system in T2DM.
A Novel Pulse-Taking Device for Persian Medicine Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nafisi Vahid Reza , Ghods Roshanak , Shojaedini Seyed Vahab
Published: March 2023

Background:

In Persian medicine (PM), measuring the wrist pulse is one of the main methods for determining a person's health status and temperament. One problem that can arise is the dependence of the diagnosis on the physician's interpretation of pulse wave features. Perhaps, this is one reason why this method has yet to be combined with modern medical methods. This paper addresses this concern and outlines a system for measuring pulse signals based on PM.

Methods:

A system that uses data from a customized device that logs the pulse wave on the wrist was designed and clinically implemented based on PM. Seven convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used for classification.

Results:

The pulse wave features of 34 participants were assessed by a specialist based on PM principles. Pulse taking was done on the wrist in the supine position (named Malmas in PM) under the supervision of the physician. Seven CNNs were implemented for each participant's pulse characteristic (pace, rate, vessel elasticity, strength, width, length, and height) assessment, and then, each participant was classified into three classes.

Conclusion:

It appears that the design and construction of a customized device combined with the deep learning algorithm can measure the pulse wave features according to PM and it can increase the reliability and repeatability of the diagnostic results based on PM.
A Scoring Framework and Apparatus for Epilepsy Seizure Detection Using a Wearable Belt
Authors: Alzghoul Salah Eldeen Moleh Falah , Alajlouni Sa'ed Ahmad Qwaiteen
Published: March 2023

To develop a wearable device that can detect epilepsy seizures. In particular, due to their prevalence, attention is focused on detecting the generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) type. When a seizure is detected, an alert phone call is initiated and an alarm SMS sent to the nearest health-care provider (and/or a predesignated family member), including the patient's location as global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. A wearable belt is developed including an Arduino processor that constantly acquires data from four different sensing modalities and monitors the acquired signal patterns for abnormalities. The sensors are a heart rate sensor, electromyography sensor, blood oxygen level (oxygen saturation) sensor, and an accelerometer to detect sudden falls. Higher-than-normal threshold levels are established for each sensor's signal. If two or more signal measurements exceed the corresponding threshold value for a predetermined time interval, then the seizure alarm is triggered. Clinical trials were not pursued in this study as this is the initial phase of system development (phase 0). Instead, the instrumented belt seizure detection prototype was tested on nine healthy individuals mimicking, to some degree, seizure symptoms. A total of eighteen trials took place of which half had <2 sensor thresholds exceeded and no alarm, whereas the other half resulted in activating the alarm when two or more sensor thresholds were exceeded for at least the predetermined time interval corresponding to each of the higher-than-normal sensor readings. For each trial that triggered the alarm when a seizure was detected, the on-board GPS and global system for mobile communication (GSM) units successfully initiated an alert phone call to a predesignated number in addition to sending an SMS message, including GPS location coordinates. Continuous real-time monitoring of signals from the four different sensors allows the developed wearable belt to detect GTCS while reducing false alarms. The proposed device produces an important alarm that may save a patient's life.
Gas Array Sensors based on Electronic Nose for Detection of Tuna (Euthynnus Affinis) Contaminated by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Astuti Suryani Dyah , Isyrofie Achmad Ilham Fanany Al , Nashichah Roichatun , Kashif Muhammad , Mujiwati Tri , Susilo Yunus , Winarno  , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: March 2023

Background:

Fish is a food ingredient that is consumed throughout the world. When fishes die, their freshness begins to decrease. The freshness of the fish can be determined by the aroma it produces. The purpose of this study is to monitor the odor of fish using a collection of gas sensors that can detect distinct odors.

Methods:

The sensor was tested with three kinds of samples, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tuna, and tuna that was contaminated with P. aeruginosa bacteria. During the process of collecting sensor data, all samples were placed in a vacuum so that the gas or aroma produced was not contaminated with other aromas. Eight sensors were used which were designed and implemented in an electronic nose (E-nose) device that can withstand aroma. The data collection process was carried out for 48 h, with an interval of 6 h for each data collection. Data processing was performed by using the principal component analysis and support vector machine (SVM) methods to obtain a plot score visualization and classification and to determine the aroma pattern of the fish.

Results:

The results of this study indicate that the E-nose system is able to smell fish based on the hour with 95% of the cumulative variance of the main component in the classification test between fresh tuna and tuna fish contaminated with P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion:

The SVM classifier was able to classify the healthy and unhealthy fish with an accuracy of 99%. The sensors that provided the highest response are the TGS 825 and TGS 826 sensors.
Classification of COVID-19 Individuals Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Dehghandar Mohammad , Rezvani Samaneh
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 has become an important health issue in the world and has endangered human health. The purpose of this research is to use an intelligent system model of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using twelve variables of input for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The evaluation of the model was performed using the information of 500 patients referred to and suspected of the COVID-19. Three hundred and fifty people were used as training data and 150 people were used as test and validation data. Information on 12 important parameters of COVID-19 such as fever, cough, headache, respiratory rate, Ct-chest, medical history, skin rash, age, family history, loss of olfactory sensation and taste, digestive symptoms, and malaise was also reported in patients with severe disease. ANFIS identified COVID-19 in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with more than 95%, 94%, and 95%, respectively, which indicates the high efficiency of the system in the correct diagnosis of individuals. The proposed system accurately detected more than 95% COVID-19 as well as mild, moderate, and acute severity. Due to the time-constraint, limitations, and error of COVID-19 diagnostic tools, the proposed system can be used in high-precision primary detection, as well as saving time and cost.
The Cloud FIBER-FIT Model for Physical Fitness Check-Up
Authors: Rakpongsiri Kedsara , Rakpongsiri Pornchai
Published: March 2023

Background:

Physical fitness refers to the ability of the body to perform tasks or do one of the physical activities well without being tired quickly. The objective of this research is to develop a physical fitness instrument for measuring oneself heart rate, grip strength, and reaction time that could develop a model for a self-check-up on physical fitness which helps to plan the improvement for health which is called the “FIBER-FIT” model.

Methods:

The physical fitness measuring instrument is composed of three modules; (1) heart rate meter module using a green light emitting diode and a photosensor, (2) grip strength meter module using a load cell transducer, and (3) reaction time meter module using a computer graphical function. All modules are controlled by computer programming, LabVIEW. The program could measure the physical fitness parameters in real-time and display the results in graphs, values on a computer monitor. The data could be recorded on cloud storage and could be retrieved for viewing and analyzing from anywhere via the internet.

Results:

Getting the “FIBER-FIT” model, a physical fitness measuring instrument to evaluate and analyze the results in real time. Overall performance test results were comparable to the standard commonly used instruments. The satisfaction survey scores from the participants were 33.33% and 66.67% for the highest level and the high level, respectively.

Conclusions:

The Cloud “FIBER-FIT” model is recommended for physical fitness applications for health improvement.
An Unusual Case of Isolated Symmetric Bilateral Peripheral Artery Disease of the Radial Artery of the Index Finger in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Das Debasish , Banerjee Anindya , Kumar Abhinav , Singh Shashikant , Pramanik Subhas
Published: March 2023

We report an extremely rare and peculiar case of symmetric peripheral small-vessel disease involving only the radial artery of the index finger sparing major vessels in an 80-year-old female with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our case is the first literature description of bilateral small-vessel peripheral arterial disease only involving the radial artery of the index finger in an octogenarian with SSc. Symmetric small-vessel peripheral artery disease can also be a late manifestation of collagen vascular disease.
Bioprosthetic Tricuspid Valve Stenosis in a Case of Rheumatic Mitral Valve Stenosis and Tricuspid Valve Replacement
Authors: Sapkal Ganeshrao Patilba , Sharma Satyavan
Published: March 2023

Very little is known about the occurrence of bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis in the Indian population that usually occurs within 8–10 years following tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) with a bioprosthetic valve. Here, we present a case of a 43-year-old woman suffering from chronic rheumatic heart disease who underwent prior two open mitral valvotomies and a TVR, now presented with severe mitral regurgitation and severe bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis.
Pseudoaneurysm Formation between Ascending Aorta and Main Pulmonary Artery Following Ventricular Septal Defect Patch Dehiscence
Authors: Singh Guriqbal , Prajapati Mrugesh , Pujara Jigisha , Gajjar Trushar , Chimpaneri Bhavik , Patel Pavan
Published: March 2023

Complications of ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair include arrhythmias, tricuspid valve insufficiency, and residual shunt. We are presenting a unique and extremely rare complication of rupture of VSD patch, leading to the formation of pseudoaneurysm between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery following VSD patch closure.
I Look Into the Chest
Authors: Vincent Rony
Published: March 2023

Early physicians were taught with immediate auscultation, placing the ear directly on the patient's chest. They showed reluctance because it was questionable when the patient is obese, nonhygiene, and modesty, especially in cases of females. In 1816, when the freshly graduated physician René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec had a consultation with a young obese woman with the symptoms of underlying heart disease, he recalled an acoustic phenomenon which is known very well beforehand for him. He rolled up a sheet of paper and placed one end to her chest and another to his ear to listen. Rest is history. He presented his invention to the world and made revolutionary changes in the art of patient care, which is valuable even nowadays. After his discovery, several scientists contributed their works to make this crucial device achieve more potential. Through many years, Laennac's device became the stethoscope that we have today. Now, the stethoscope has become the symbol of the medical profession.
A case series of accidental xylazine intoxication in humans; Is there a role of naloxone as an antidote?
Authors: Choon Lee Kee , Khiruddin Ain Izzati , Annuar Wan Masliza Wan Mohd , Shamsuddin Sazwan Reezal
Published: March 2023

Xylazine is a type of sedative commonly used in veterinary medicine. It acts on the central alpha-2 receptor and suppresses norepinephrine release from the peripheral nerve terminal. It is also reported to have action on cholinergic, serotogenic, H2-histamine, dopaminergic, and opioid receptors. Once administered in animals, it causes hypotension, bradycardia, central nervous system depression, and respiratory depression. The effect will start within minutes after absorption and last up to 4 h depending on the dosage given. Till date, it is only exclusively used in animals as approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Human intoxication is uncommon, and no specific antidote is available. Naloxone, a competitive opioid receptor antagonist, was postulated to have an antidotal effect on xylazine. We report two cases of accidental human injection with xylazine. Naloxone was administered in one of the cases. Acute hypertension and mydriasis were observed; however, no apparent reversal of toxidrome was seen. This finding reveals the question regarding the efficacy and benefit of naloxone usage in xylazine intoxication. General management remains supportive of care focusing on ventilation and hemodynamics. Attending physicians should be aware of potential xylazine intoxication incidents in the area of livestock or veterinary activities.
Sepsis-related pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Prasertsan Pharsai , Anantasit Nattachai , Walanchapruk Suchanuch , Roekworachai Koonkoaw , Samransamruajkit Rujipat , Vaewpanich Jarin
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to compare the risk factors and outcomes for organ dysfunction between sepsis-related Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) and nonsepsis PARDS.

METHODS:

We prospective cohort recruited intubated patients with PARDS at four tertiary care centers in Thailand. The baseline characteristics, mechanical ventilation, fluid balance, and clinical outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was organ dysfunction.

RESULTS:

One hundred and thirty-two mechanically ventilated children with PARDS were included in the study. The median age was 29 months and 53.8% were male. The mortality rate was 22.7% and organ dysfunction was 45.4%. There were 26 (19.7%) and 106 (80.3%) patients who were classified into sepsis-related PARDS and nonsepsis PARDS, respectively. Sepsis-related PARDS patients had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury (30.8% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.041), septic shock (88.5% vs. 32.1%, P < 0.001), organ dysfunction (84.6% vs. 35.8%, P < 0.001), and death (42.3% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.016) than nonsepsis PARDS group. Multivariate analysis adjusted for clinical variables showed that sepsis-related PARDS and percentage of fluid overload were significantly associated with organ dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 11.414; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40892.557, P = 0.023 and OR 1.169; 95% CI 1.0121.352, P = 0.034).

CONCLUSIONS:

Sepsis-related PARDS patients had more severe illness, organ dysfunction, and mortality than nonsepsis PARDS patients. The higher percentage of fluid overload and presentation of sepsis was the independent risk factor of organ dysfunction in PARDS patients.
Atiyah sequences and connections on principal bundles over Lie groupoids and differentiable stacks
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Chatterjee Saikat , Koushik Praphulla , Neumann Frank
Published: March 2023

We construct and study general and integrable connections on Lie groupoids and differentiable stacks, as well as on principal bundles over them using an Atiyah exact sequence of vector bundles associated to transversal tangential distributions.
A new class of fractional differential hemivariational inequalities
with application to an incompressible Navier-Stokes system coupled with
a fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Zeng Shengda , Migórski Stanislaw , Han Weimin
Published: March 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of a new and complicated dynamical system, called a fractional differential hemivariational inequality, which consists of a quasilinear evolution equation involving the fractional Caputo derivative operator and a coupled generalized parabolic hemivariational inequality. Under certain general assumptions, existence and regularity of a mild solution to the dynamical system are established by employing a surjectivity result for weakly-weakly upper semicontinuous multivalued mappings, and a feedback iterative technique together with a temporally semi-discrete approach through the backward Euler difference scheme with quasi-uniform time-steps. To illustrate the applicability of the abstract results, we consider a nonstationary and incompressible Navier-Stokes system supplemented by a fractional reaction-diffusion equation, which is studied as a fractional hemivariational inequality.
Bibliography: 57 titles.
Неарифметичность предикатной логики примитивно рекурсивной реализуемости
Authors: Plisko Valerii Egorovich
Published: March 2023

Понятие примитивно рекурсивной реализуемости было введено С. Салехи как своего рода семантика для языка базисной арифметики с использованием примитивно рекурсивных функций. Представляет интерес изучение соответствующей логики предикатов. Д. А. Витер доказал, что предикатная логика примитивно рекурсивной реализуемости Салехи не является арифметической. Технически сложное доказательство сочетает в себе методы, использованные автором настоящей статьи при изучении предикатных логик конструктивных арифметических теорий, и результаты М. Ардешира по переводу интуиционистской логики предикатов в базисную логику предикатов. Цель этой статьи - представить другое доказательство результата Витера путем прямого переноса методов, использованных ранее в доказательстве неарифметичности предикатной логики рекурсивной реализуемости.
Библиография: 19 наименований.
Postkomünist Dönemde İç ve Dış Faktörler Bağlamında Bulgaristan’da Dış Politikanın Dönüşümü
Authors: IŞIK Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Soğuk Savaş sonrası dünya siyasetinde meydana gelen radikal değişimler, devletlerin dış politikalarını yapısal değişikliğe sevk etmiştir. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm süreci sadece sistemik boyutta kalmayıp, devlet ve lider profillerine de yansımıştır. Postkomünist süreç içerisinde Bulgaristan dış politikasında yaşanan değişimleri açıklama amacı güden çalışmamız; kuramsal çerçeve olarak Neoklasik Realizmi kullanmaktadır. Sistemik etkinin tetiklemesi ile güç dengelerinin değiştiği bir ortamda Doğu Avrupa ve Balkanlar’daki komünist rejimler çökerken, meydana gelen bu güç boşluğu eski Doğu Bloğu ülkelerini yeni dış politika arayışlarına yöneltti. Bu süreç Balkan ülkelerinde Avrupa-Atlantik yapı ile bir yakınlaşma meydana getirdi. Bu bağlamda temel araştırma sorumuz ; Eski bir Doğu Bloğu ülkesi olan Bulgaristan’ın Soğuk Savaş sonrası izlediği Avrupa-Atlantik yanlısı dış politikalarını nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Dış politikanın dönüşüm sürecini devlet-içi faktörler ve liderler nasıl etkilemiştir?

Postkomünist dönemde Bulgaristan’ın iç ve dış politikasında büyük değişiklikler yaşandı. İç politikada yeni lider profilleri meydana çıkarken, AB ve NATO yanlısı siyasal oluşumlar siyasal alana dahil olmuştur. Bu değişim sürecinde Türk ve Müslüman azınlık ise siyasal sistem içerisinde önemli roller üstlenerek AB ve NATO yanlısı politikaları desteklemiştir. Bu süreçte Bulgaristan Komünist Partisi eskinin temsili politikaları yürütmeye çalışsa da iç ve dış politikada meydana gelen değişimlere direnememiştir. Azınlıkların kurduğu siyasi partiler ve Avrupa ile entegrasyonu savunun yeni siyasi oluşumlar devlet-içi düzeyde değişimin ana dinamiklerinden biri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda Türk ve Müslüman azınlığın dış politikaya etkisi de araştırma kapsamı içerisinde değerlendirilecektir.

Neoklasik realizm uluslararası sistemin içerisindeki güç değişimlerini dikkate almakla beraber devlet-içi faktörleri de analize dahil etmektedir. Bulgaristan’daki değişimi çok boyutlu olarak ele alma imkânı veren Neoklasik realist teori aynı zamanda liderlere de önemli bir alan açmaktadır. Neoklasik realizm, iç ve dış faktörleri beraber ele alması hasebiyle dış politika analizlerini derinleştirmektedir. Dış politikadaki değişimleri açıklama noktasında neoklasik realizmin iç faktörleri de analize dahil ederek daha sistemik ve kapsamlı bir analiz çerçevesi sunduğu görülmektedir.
Bulgaristan’ın Ulus-Devletleşme Süreci Bağlamında Yayılmacı Dış Politikası
Authors: IŞIK Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Balkanlar’da ulus-devletleşme süreçleri ve dış politika arasındaki ilişki isyan hareketleri sonrasında önem kazanmıştır. Kendi ulus-devletlerini kurmak isteyen Balkan devletleri bu süre zarfında hem Avrupa’dan hem de Rusya’dan gelecek yardımlar çerçevesinde yayılmacı bir dış politika izlemiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin millet sisteminden isyanlar ile ayrılmaya çalışan, yeni Balkan devletleri bu politikalarını kültürel ve dini arka planda ortaya koyarken kendi aralarında da devlet ve sınır tahayyüllerinin çatıştığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Bulgaristan’ın Osmanlı-Rus savaşı sonrası oluşan yeni Balkan düzeninde izlediği yayılmacı ulus-devlet dış politikasını inceleceğiz. Bu araştırmada ‘’Bulgaristan bu dış politikayı izlerken, hangi iç ve dış dinamiklerle harekete geçmiştir?’’ sorusuna yanıt aranacaktır. Bulgaristan’ın ulus-devletleşme sürecinde kullandığı dini ve kültürel motiflerin dış politikanın icrası noktasında etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bulgaristan’da ve diğer Balkan ülkelerinde dış politika ve iç politika arasındaki bağ milliyetçilik üzerinden geliştiği için, sınır ve etnisite kavramları her zaman tartışmaya açık tutulmaktadır. Bulgaristan’ın ulus-devletleşme sürecinde izlediği yayılmacı dış politikasının arka planında sadece iç dinamiklerin yer almadığını ortaya koyan bu çalışma, dış faktörlerin etkisini göstermesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
International Editorial Board of vol. 22 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

International Editorial Board of vol. 22 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Content of vol. 22, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 22, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
THE INFLUENCE OF AIR DENSITY ON RECEIVED LASER SIGNALS
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY, FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES, KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, BULGARIA, Yanchev Kiril
Published: March 2023

The subject of the research is to make a correct assessment of the atmospheric parameters and to choose a model for their removal, achieving the required accuracy and high productivity with minimal material costs when conducting laser measurements.
TYPES OF MIGRATION
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, 9700, SHUMEN, BULGARIA, Metodieva Tsvetelina
Published: March 2023

Migration in Europe is not a new phenomenon. It is estimated that in 1945 there were over 40 million refugees and internally displaced persons in Europe. The military conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa over the last few years, as well as the war in Ukraine, have created a huge wave of refugees heading for the Old Continent.
PROTECTION AGAINST THE ELECTROMAGNETIC STRENGTH OF THE RADIO WAVES IN COMMUNICATION RADIO NETWORKS
Authors:   DEFARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER TEHNOLOGIES, FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES, KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, SHUMEN 9712,115, UNIVERSITETSKA STR., Vasilev Dragomir
Published: March 2023

In this paper presents protection methods against Electromagnetic straight of the radio waves in communication radio networks. Examples of personal protective equipment for monitoring EMF when working near transmitting devices. Personal Monitor. When an electric current flows through the human body, cells and tissues prevent the movement of charged particles. The value of the resistance depends on the type and condition of the cells, the value and frequency of the applied voltage and the duration.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMABLE DEVICES WITH ANALOG AND DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, SHUMEN 9700, 115 UNIVERSITETSKA ST., Petkov Milen
Published: March 2023

In the present article, single-board programmable devices suitable for control of automation processes are considered. A comparative analysis of specific models of the most common single-board computers, suitable for this purpose.
ANALYSIS OF RFID SYSTEMS IN LOGISTICS
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, 115 UNIVERSITETSKA, SHUMEN 9700, Antonov Anton
Published: March 2023

The application of radio frequency identification is constantly expanding. The technology is sought in industries where control over the movement of objects, intelligent automation solutions, the ability to work in harsh working conditions, trouble-free operation, speed and reliability are required. By applying RFID, it is possible to track the movement of goods in real time, speed up the process of receiving and sending goods, increase the reliability and transparency of operations, and reduce the influence of the human factor.
Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Content of vol. 23, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 23, 2022, Journal Scientific and Applied Research
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR NETWORK PORT SCANNING IN ANDROID BASED OPERATING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bulgaria, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

In this paper implementation of software application using linear algorithm for network port scanning in android based operating systems is made.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION FLOWS IN LOGISTICS
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, 115 UNIVERSITETSKA, SHUMEN 9700,, Kazakov Stefan
Published: March 2023

The report presents a traffic study of information flows in logistics in a local area network built according to the 802.3 standard. The study of network performance is according to the number of computers in communication.
Rule of Communication in Law of Contract: Revisiting Postal Rule under Modern Tools of Communication
Authors: Khan Abdus Samad , Ullah Tehseen , Zakir Hamza
Published: March 2023

The postal rule, which was established in the 19th century, is still relevant in today's digital age, but its applicability has been called into question with the advent of modern forms of communication, such as email, text messaging, and instant messaging. This paper aims to address the issues related to application of rules of communication provided by Law of Contract. The issue regarding different jurisdictions handling the application of the postal rule in the context of electronic communication is also important to understand. It's important for parties involved in contract formation to be aware of the specific laws and regulations that apply to their situation and how they affect the formation and enforceability of contracts.
Conceptualizing new avenues of the Indo-Pak hostilities: an analysis of the invisible PsyWar operations and challenges
Authors: Waseem Rubina , Sajjad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The modern era of information warfare has also opened new avenues of warfare. “Psychological War” or “PsyWar” has been a non-violent weapon used to attain military aims and objectives against the enemy since biblical times while ensuring the minimal loss of human life. India and Pakistan, after their inception, have been psychologically obsessed with each other on a number of disputes. The disputes between India and Pakistan are considered one of the most long-lasting disputes of the post-World War era. The article specifically covers the Post nuclearization scenario of the Indo-Pak region and the conceptual debate of the re-emergence of PsyWar in the region. The study digs deep into the nuclear dimension of the Indo-Pak crisis, which played a subversive role in aggravating the hostile relationship and its relevance. The psychological dimension of disputes is as crucial as its physical dimension. In the present era of technological advancement in warfare, new concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) have become even more relevant, particularly for a nation-state where the socio-psychological danger is more pronounced. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the notion of PsyWar operations and the role of information warfare in digital theatre to highlight the upcoming regional challenges.
Optimal conditions for the high yield of bioactive asterric acid from marine derived Fungus Aspergillus sp.
Authors: Said Gulab , Wahab Muhammad , Umair Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Marine-derived microorganisms are vital sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites of coral-derived fungi have several essential bioactivities. Asterric acid 1 is a broad-spectrum bioactive secondary metabolite of several fungal genera, especially Aspergillus and Penicillium. It has a wide range of interesting bioactivities such as antifungal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, fungicidal, pesticidal, nematicidal, seed germination inhibition, anti-HIV activity, as a first non-peptide for endothelin binding inhibition, anti-plasmodial activity against the erythrocyte stages of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, having vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitory activity and as medicine for the initial stage of an endothelin receptor agonist. In this study, the yield of asterric acid was improved to a multi-gram quantity from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. through media optimization. The pure spoors of Aspergillus sp. were fermented at room temperature in the absence of sodium chloride salt. The yield of asterric acid was 650 mg/L at optimal conditions. The optimal conditions for the high yield of asterric acid were found as rice medium, room temperature, 56 days incubation and absence of sodium chloride salt.
Evaluation of the weighted least square based Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) for single frequency GNSS receivers
Authors: Saeed Sunnyaha , Farooq Salma Zainab , Nabi Imtiaz , Mehdi Saqib
Published: March 2023

Single frequency receivers for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are low-cost and easily accessible, deeming them cost-effective for commercial applications requiring localization and tracking. However, the positioning solution these receivers provide must conform to desired reliability standards. A reliability check is essential in the signal-degraded environment, where a position fix might be unacceptably inaccurate. Under such conditions, faulty measurements need to be identified and excluded to ensure the system's integrity and get a reliable solution. In this paper, a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) scheme is devised that employs different tests. The first test performs a global sweep on all epochs and raises the alarm after detecting the fault. Next, a group of tests are performed to identify the satellite responsible for producing the faulty measurements. Once identified, it is then excluded from the measurements to maintain the reliability of the positioning provided by the receiver. The results indicate that a polling scheme based on multiple tests identifies the faulty satellite correctly and minimizes the false alarm rate if either of these tests is performed individually.
Evaluating the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector of Pakistan using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)
Authors: Ali Ihteram , Khan Noman
Published: March 2023

In Pakistan, the agriculture sector plays a fundamental role in the economy's growth. However, this sector also faces many problems due to the drastic climatic variation. To handle this problem, we need to investigate the critical atmospheric changes and how they affect the major agricultural crops. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of climatic diversity on agricultural crops of the country using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach. The fuzzy VIKOR method has been used to describe the impact of atmospheric factors such as high temperature, heavy rainfall or sleeting, drought, smog, heat waves, poisonous gases, associated humidity, and storms on the agriculture sector of Pakistan. The results indicate that high temperatures and storms are the most critical climate factors which affect agricultural crops. Furthermore, it indicates that tobacco is the most sensitive crop to climate change, whereas sugarcane is the least affected by these climate changes. By analyzing and evaluating the impact of these climate factors, we can efficiently plan to cultivate these crops in areas that are least vulnerable to the adverse effects of these climate changes.
Toimite 24: Viipurin läänin rannikolla ja saaristossa
Authors: Koskivirta Anu , H.K. Riikonen
Published: March 2023

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Alussa oli meri
Authors: Illman Jukka
Published: March 2023

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Teollistumisen vaiheita Viipurin kainalossa
Authors: Rastas Hannu , Haltia Marjatta
Published: March 2023

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Pakkotyötä ja vorniekkoja, taiteilijoita ja poliitikkoja
Authors: Kalliomäki Maijaliisa
Published: March 2023

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Uuraan uhmakkaat lastaajat
Authors: Kosonen Martti
Published: March 2023

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Viipurin työväenyhdistys kulttuuritoimijana 1900-luvun alussa
Authors: Rantanen Saijaleena
Published: March 2023

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Merikarjalan kapinaviikoilta 1918
Authors: Kanervo Pirkko
Published: March 2023

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Kielellinen Merikarjala
Authors: Grünthal Riho
Published: March 2023

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Impact of Media and Information Literacy in Nigerian Colleges of Education Curriculum: A Case of Detecting Fake News
Authors: Nasir Mohammed Jibril , Ciroma Abdulmalik
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study sought to determine if students at colleges of education in northern Nigeria had developed the psychomotor skills required to recognize fake news (i.e., picture news, video news, and written social media/blog/website news).
Methodology: This paper adopted a quasi-experimental (one group post-test only) design. A sample size of 384 was drawn from a population of 28,050 students across six randomly selected colleges of education situated in northern Nigeria for the academic year 2020–2022. The participants were selected through a mixed-methods sample (cluster and purposive). A cluster sample was used to group students into different geopolitical zones and schools (faculty), and then, the researchers selected members (64 participants) from each college using a purposive sample. Data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire, presented on tables, and analyzed using the descriptive statistic. 
Findings: The study found that Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) students in northern colleges lack psychomotor capability to verify fake news either through a manual or automatic method. The findings showed that only 23.7% of participants verified a picture without a background, 21.9% of participants were able to verify picture with background, 16.7% of participants verified video news, and 27.9% of participants verified written blog/website/ social media news.
Unique contribution to policy: The study observed a lack of psychomotor capability in verifying fake news among NCE students in the selected colleges of education. Therefore, the authors urged curriculum planners, educators, and other stakeholders to design more practical skills, especially in the area of detecting fake news on traditional and social media, in light of the study's findings.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHRONOTHERAPEUTICS
Authors: Kiranmai M. Sai , Raajitha M.
Published: March 2023

Chronotherapy refers to the use of circadian, ultradian, infradian & seasonal, or other rhythmic cycles in the application of therapy. There are a number of conditions that show a circadian pattern and advantages could be taken by timing and adjusting the administration of drugs according to the circadian rhythm of the disease. Chronotherapy can be divided into three categories: time-controlled systems, in which the drug release is primarily controlled by the delivery system; stimuli-induced PDDS, in which release is controlled by the stimuli, such as the pH or intestinal enzymes; or externally regulated systems, in which release is programmed by external stimuli such as magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect, and irradiation. The symptoms of some diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, depression, ulcer, allergic rhinitis, sleep disturbances, etc., are influenced by circadian rhythms. The biological clock of the human body is based on solar and lunar adaptations. The circadian rhythm is the primary rhythm that the biological clock adheres to. The functioning of the brain, behavior, and cognition can all be significantly impacted by circadian rhythm disruption. The use of chronotherapeutics can help with this. The recent interest that has occurred in the field of chronotherapeutics is to match the circadian rhythms of the disease for the successful treatment of the disease.
A Review Article: Pharmacological uses and Phytochemistry Studies on Carica papaya
Authors: Faijan Mohd , Maheshwari Kamal Kishore
Published: March 2023

For a very long time, the papaya has been valued for both its nutritionals, and therapeutic activity. The various traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, are well aware of the therapeutic benefits of papaya fruit and other parts. Its many portions have been described in numerous traditional literatures for various disease situations, including cold, fever, headache, swellings, gonorrhoea, itches, jaundice, eczema, asthma, chicken pox, bronchitis and whooping cough. Over the past forty years, numerous outstanding studies on biological functions and therapeutic uses have been documented, establishing it as a significant nutraceutical agent. Scientific research has been done on the Carica papaya Linn. leaf for a number of therapeutic purposes, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antipyretic, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and anti-mollusk properties. Given this, Leaves have been investigated using variation of cutting-edge approach, as well as phytoextraction of heavy metals and phytoremediation of particle pollution. The past severals decade, A numbers of read up on phytoconstituents and the chemical make-up of leaves have been published. The presents-day review seeks to allow a overviews of Carica papaya Linn. pharmacognostic phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRABALHO DA CORREGEDORIA NA ATIVIDADE POLICIAL MILITAR
Authors: Krainski de Lima Marcelo
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a importância do trabalho da corregedoria na atividade policial militar. A corregedoria é responsável por fiscalizar a atuação dos policiais e garantir que estes cumpram com suas obrigações de forma ética e legal. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram estabelecidos três objetivos específicos: identificar as principais funções da corregedoria na atividade policial militar, verificar a relação entre a atuação da corregedoria e a redução da violência policial e analisar a efetividade das ações da corregedoria na promoção de mudanças na cultura institucional da polícia militar. A atividade policial militar é uma das funções mais relevantes do Estado, tendo como objetivo primordial a proteção da sociedade e a garantia da ordem pública. No entanto, para que estes objetivos sejam alcançados de forma adequada, é fundamental que haja um controle interno da atividade policial, a fim de evitar desvios de conduta e garantir que as ações da polícia estejam sempre em conformidade com a lei. Nesse sentido, a corregedoria assume um papel fundamental. A corregedoria é responsável por garantir a legalidade e a moralidade dos atos praticados pelos policiais militares, por meio da fiscalização e investigação das atividades desenvolvidas pelos agentes públicos, bem como pela aplicação das sanções disciplinares cabíveis. Além disso, a atuação da corregedoria pode contribuir para a redução da violência policial, já que a fiscalização e a responsabilização dos policiais envolvidos em práticas abusivas ou ilegais podem inibir a repetição destas práticas.