bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINR based Vertical Handoff Algorithm between GPRS and Wi-Fi Networks
Authors: Patowary Sudipta , Sarma Nityananda , Satapathy Siddhartha Sankar
Published: November 2020

Next generation wireless network is foreseen as the combination of heterogeneous wireless networks capable of providing enhanced services to mobile users. Vertical handoff is a crucial issue in providing service to mobile users, in a heterogeneous network. To maintain continuous service during vertical handoff period, the handoff procedure should consider the noise and interference in the networks. In this article, we have proposed an algorithm based on the received signal to inference plus noise ratio (SINR) for handoff between GPRS and Wi-Fi networks. Here SINR from Wi-Fi network is converted to the equivalent SINR of the GPRS network and vice-versa, so that the handoff algorithm can have the knowledge of achievable bandwidths in both the networks. This helps in taking a handoff decision. Simulation study on handoff between GPRS and Wi-Fi networks using QualNet showed that consideration of received SINR during the vertical handoff period maintains better system throughput than considering received signal strength (RSS) as handoff criteria.
Co-treatment Effect of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer on Mice Model
Authors: THONGSOM Montakarn , CHANUDOM Lanchakon , TANGPONG Jitbanjong
Published: November 2020

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels or SCC originally from India and Southeast Asia, commonly used as a medicinal and acted as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant. Indomethacin, which is a part of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) family, induced gastric damage and perforation through the excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research focus on co-treatment administered between SCC and indomethacin in the subsequent 7 days and evaluated on oxidative damage, inflammatory parameter and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. SCC showed a concentration and dose dependent reduction in ulcer index (UI) values leading to the increasing of inhibition percent when compared to indomethacin treated mice, confirmed by photographer which showed maximum efficacy on day 5 of treatment. On day 1 and day 3 of ulceration, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), nitrile contents and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were increased. Gastric wall mucus and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were down. After that gastric mucosa were recovered by healing processed and were regenerated the mucosal cap to promote EGF receptor. SCC was increased the up-regulation of COX-1 enzyme resulting in down-regulation to COX-2 expression at day 3 of ulceration. At day 5 and 7, the gastric ulceration were regenerated themselves. These all results indicated that SCC have a great protective effect against indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in in-vivo co-treatment model.
Integron Expression in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from House Flies within the Hospital
Authors: YOSBOONRUANG Atchariya , KIDDEE Anong , BOONDUANG Chatsuda , PIBALPAKDEE Phannarai
Published: November 2020

Escherichia coli is a serious cause of a variety of hospital-acquired infections and commonly contributes to the environment by house flies. Integrons, particularly class 1 integrons, are the genetic elements that play an important role in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This mechanism is commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli. In this study, we aim to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from the house flies in Phayao hospital and to determine the gene expression of class 1 integrons in those isolates of E. coli. Totally, 70 isolates of E. coli were isolated from 60 house flies collected from the hospital. Fifty-seven of the isolates (81.43 %) were multidrug resistance (MDR) and highly resistant to b-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Of 57 isolates of MDR-E. coli, 20 isolates (35 %) were found to carry class 1 integron genes. Fifteen patterns of antimicrobial resistance occurred in the isolates of integron-positive E. coli. Most integron-positive E. coli isolates were resistant to 7 antimicrobials. Two isolates of these bacteria (10 %) were able to resist 13 out of 14 tested antimicrobials. Using PCR and sequencing analysis, an investigation showed that dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette was the most prevalent cassette (n = 10; 50 %) among the integron-positive E. coli isolates. Our results indicated that the presences of multidrug resistance and class 1 integrons were common in E. coli isolated from the houseflies in hospital. Therefore, screening for integron-positive E. coli from the hospital environment might be necessary for prevention of nosocomial infections.
Speiser’s Theorem on the Road
Authors: TONGSOMPORN Janyarak , STEUDING Jörn
Published: November 2020

In this note we discuss the Gauss-Lucas theorem (for the zeros of the derivative of a polynomial) and Speiser’s equivalent for the Riemann hypothesis (about the location of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function). We indicate similarities between these results and present there analogues in the context of elliptic curves, regular graphs, and finite Euler products.
Gender Imbalances in the Visual Discourse of Moroccan EFL Textbooks: A Critical Image Analysis.
Authors: Benattabou Driss
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the portrayal of women and men in the visual discourse of Moroccan English as a Foreign Language (MEFL, henceforth) textbooks employing a bi-modal analysis comprising  qualitative  content analysis alongside Giaschi (2000),  Kress and Van leeuwen (2006), and Newfield’s (2011) newly developed concept of critical image analysis.  This bi-modal approach attempts to address a number of themes recurrent in the visual contents of the selected textbooks. Relying on this combination, pictorial images featuring both women and men indoors (in domestic settings) and outdoors either in the job market or undertaking some outdoor activities are interrogated. The results of this inquiry prove very convincingly that the visual discourse of MEFL textbooks is fraught with an array of cultural misconceptions in discrimination of women. The paper ends up with a conclusion along with some recommendations.
Formal inferences and their relationships to knowledge acquisition: mental models and semantic links
Authors: López Astorga Miguel , Torres-Bravo Leyla Danae
Published: November 2020

The mental model theory is an approach with clear psychological, linguistic, and cognitive consequences. This paper delves into some of the epistemological conclusions that can be drawn from it. In particular, it addresses the process why knowledge acquisition can modify the inferences people tend to make. That process is described by means of an example based on a well-known logical schema related to the conditional: Modus Tollendo Tollens.
Coauthor Network Analysis of Journal of Agricultural Education Articles from 2008-2017
Authors: Settle Quisto , Teixeira Kathryn L. , Bechtold Rachel , Shoulders Catherine W. , King Audrey E. H.
Published: November 2020

The social capital of collaboration is a critical part of the research process. While AAAE supports collaboration and inclusivity, analysis has not occurred for what collaborations are occurring. This study addressed collaboration between researchers via a social network analysis of coauthorship in the Journal of Agricultural Education from 2008 to 2017. There were 587 articles published in that time frame with 593 unique authors. The number of articles published annually and number of authors per article increased during the 10-year period. The majority of authors only published one article in the time frame analyzed. After excluding authors who never collaborated on an article, a social network of 582 coauthors was analyzed. There was a general tendency for the most prolific authors to also be the most connected, though there were some outliers. Of note, the majority of the most connected authors received their terminal degrees from one of three institutions. The majority of the most prolific coauthor pairs were advisor-advisee pairings, and the remainder were individuals who had worked at the same institution during much of the study’s time frame. A prolific coauthor pairing was not necessarily indicative of a connection that was important for bridging authors across the network.
Teacher Retention: A Relational Perspective
Authors: Moser Eric M. , McKim Aaron J.
Published: November 2020

The sustained shortage of school-based agricultural educators necessitates novel research into variables impacting teacher career commitment. In the current study, a previously unexplored variable in the prediction of career commitment within school-based agricultural education was considered, teacher connectivity. Four elements of teacher connectivity (i.e., within school, other SBAE teachers, curricular, and community) were analyzed in relation to career commitment among a national sample of school-based agricultural educators. Findings revealed teachers perceived the highest levels of connectivity to their curriculum and other SBAE teachers with the lowest levels of connectivity being with other content area teachers and administrators in their own school. Using multiple linear regression, the four elements of connectivity predicted 12% of the variance in career commitment. School connectivity and SBAE teacher connectivity were identified as statistically significant, positive predictors of career commitment. Findings are discussed using the Relational Theory of Working with recommendations emerging for structuring teacher onboarding programs, increasing teacher mentoring efforts, and empowering teachers to engage in interdisciplinary lesson planning. Further, authors provide recommendations for continued scholarship exploring teacher connectivity and career commitment within school-based agricultural education.
Het belang van het behandelen van ouders bij een dreigende uithuisplaatsing van het kind; Kind IN Gezond Systeem (KINGS)
Authors: Ploeg Caroline , Wanders-Mulder Femy
Published: November 2020

The importance of treating parents in case of imminent out-of-home placement of the child, Child in Healthy System (KINGS)

Child in Healthy System (Kind IN Gezond Systeem; KINGS) is a treatment model, developed for children with severe behavioural problems and their parents. The children and their parents are victims of major interpersonal events, such as domestic violence, sexual abuse, neglect and bullying (physical and/or emotional). KINGS focuses on trauma processing in the child and the parents, and on increasing the sensitivity, responsivity and parenting skills. The result must be that the child can develop into a healthy adult. Both parent and child will develop more trust in others, more self-confidence, and a safer image of the world. The model exists of three different phases, whereby the parent is one phase ahead of the child. The aim is that, if the child is in the last phase, the parent is able to support his or her treatment, as well as that all family members can safely go back to the healthy (family)system and can develop even further. At the moment there is only indirect evidence of the effectiveness of the model; further research on the process and results of the treatment processes are necessary and is actually initiated.
Towards understanding the mechanisms of new particle formation
in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Baalbaki Rima , Pikridas Michael , Jokinen Tuija , Laurila Tiia , Dada Lubna , Bezantakos Spyros , Ahonen Lauri , Neitola Kimmo , Maisser Anne , Bimenyimana Elie , Christodoulou Aliki , Unga Florin , Savvides Chrysanthos , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Kangasluoma Juha , Biskos George , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Sciare Jean , Kulmala Markku
Published: November 2020

Abstract. To quantify the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) to ultrafine particle number and CCN budgets, one has to understand the mechanisms that govern NPF in different environments and its temporal extent. Here, we study NPF in Cyprus, an Eastern Mediterranean country located at the crossroads of three continents. We performed one-year continuous measurements of aerosol particles down to ~ 1 nm in diameter, for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region. These measurements were complemented with trace gas data, meteorological variables and retroplume analysis. We show that NPF is a very frequent phenomenon at this site and has higher frequencies of occurrence during spring and autumn. NPF events were both of local and regional origin, and the local events occurred frequently during the month with the lowest NPF frequency. Some NPF events exhibited multiple onsets, while others exhibited particle apparent shrinkage in size. Additionally, NPF events were observed during the night-time and during episodes of high desert dust loadings. Particle formation rates and growth rates were comparable to those in urban environments, although our site is a rural one. Meteorological variables and trace gases played a role in explaining the intra-monthly variability of NPF events, but did not explain why summer month had the least NPF frequency. Similarly, pre-existing aerosol loading did not explain the observed seasonality. The month with the least NPF frequency were associated with higher H2SO4 concentrations but lower NOx concentration, which is an indicator of anthropogenic influence. Air masses arriving from the Middle East were not observed during these month, which could suggest that precursor vapors important for nucleation and growth are transported to our site from the Middle East. Further comprehensive measurements of precursor vapors are required to prove this hypothesis.
CLOUD-BASED INTEGRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF ADDRESS DATA FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT – A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Tredrea G. , Coetzee S. , Rautenbach V.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Addresses are essential for disaster risk management and response because they are used to locate people affected by a disaster or at risk of being affected. South Africa is vulnerable to disasters, however, despite a legislative framework for supporting disaster risk management that meets international standards, implementation falls short due to underfunding, poor interdepartmental coordination and lack of political support. The importance of cross jurisdictional address data was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 when the geocoding of positive cases was hindered due to the lack of such address data in South Africa. In this paper, we present first results about a cloud-based tool for integrating address data from multiple municipalities into a single address dataset that conforms to the South African National Standard, SANS 1883-2:2017, Geographic information – Addresses: Part 2: Address data exchange. We reviewed and evaluated three cloud platforms for the prototype implementation. The integrated dataset is maintained in the cloud and therefore readily accessible by relevant organizations. At the same time, processing in the cloud can handle changing volumes of data with elasticity, i.e. computing power can be increased or decreased at short notice, as necessary during a disaster response. Furthermore, processing can be automated, thereby mitigating the risk of reduced manpower due to a disaster. Overall, a properly maintained cloud-based tool can result in more efficient use of resources presenting a viable and interesting alternative for underfunded disaster risk management centres in South Africa and other parts of the world.
EVIDENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY RESILIENCE IN FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE AFTER THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Cong R. , Gomi K.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Taking the lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) occurred in March 2011, the nuclear-reliant energy policy in Fukushima Prefecture has been transformed to other energy (fossil fuel, renewable energy) to make their energy system with better resilience toward the future disaster. As the increased concern on the Global Warming, Fukushima Prefecture made more efforts on the promotions of the renewable energy than the fossil fuel power. Nine years has passed since the GEJE, however, the spatial variation of the energy supply facilities is not clarified and the resilience of its energy system has not been evaluated. Therefore, this study focused on spatial analysis on these energy supply facilities before and after the GEJE and discussing the energy resilience in Fukushima Prefecture toward future disasters or climate events. This approach will be helpful for policy makers to spatiotemporally evaluate the sustainable development on the energy system.
A governabilidade de exceção permanente e a política neoliberal de gestão dos indesejáveis no Brasil
Authors: Estevam Alves Pinto Serrano Pedro , Possi Magane Renata
Published: November 2020

Temos estudado e observado o fenômeno do autoritarismo estatal nas democracias contemporâneas latino-americanas no século XXI há algum tempo, sobretudo a partir dos golpes de Estado perpetrados contra governos legitimamente e democraticamente eleitos, a exemplo do ocorrido em Honduras, Paraguai e Brasil, nesse último, com a decretação do impeachment da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff em 2016, denunciando o papel que o Sistema de Justiça Criminal desempenhou como agente produtor dessas medidas em que o Judiciário ao invés de corrigir as ilegalidades cometidas, legitimou, por meio da construção de retóricas meramente performáticas, verdadeiros “golpes” perpetrados contra a democracia desses países. Este artigo tem como objetivo ampliar a abordagem de análise do fenômeno do autoritarismo estatal a fim de comprovar que a estratégia adotada nos casos mencionados, mais do que meras distorções e aporias ocasionais, constitui-se em fraude institucionalizada e verdadeira técnica de governabilidade de exceção permanente que se utiliza das leis e das autoridades democráticas para perpetrar inadmissível corrupção sistêmica e impor um Estado autoritário, permitindo a gestão e eliminação dos indesejáveis, dentro do que se convencionou denominar “racionalidade neoliberal”.
Offer Price Information and the Exercise of Market Power: The Effect of the Publication of the Historical Trading Report on Competition in the Alberta Electricity Market
Authors: Olmstead Derek E. H. , Ayres Matthew J. , Lomas Peter B. R.
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the effect of the publication of offer price information on unilateral market power in Alberta’s electricity market. This market is an hourly auction characterized by repeated interaction among a small number of producers, common knowledge of costs and production capabilities, and price inelastic demand.

For the period July 13, 2000 to May 18, 2017, offer prices for each hour were published by the market operator, the Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO), in the Historical Trading Report (HTR) after the end of the hour. Using counter-factual analysis from 2010 to 2015 (52,584 hours), the paper finds that the effect of offer price changes after the HTR publication was to raise the average hourly price for electricity in Alberta by $2.48/MWh or about 4.2%, which raised the cost of electricity for Alberta consumers during the six-year period by approximately $1.14 billion.

Based on an earlier version of this paper, the AESO was instructed by Alberta’s utilities regulator to cease publication of the HTR.
Optimal Capacity Mechanisms for Competitive Electricity Markets
Authors: Holmberg Pär , Ritz Robert A.
Published: November 2020

Capacity mechanisms are increasingly used in electricity market design around the world yet their role remains hotly debated. This paper introduces a new benchmark model of a capacity mechanism in a competitive electricity market with many different conventional generation technologies. We consider two policy instruments, a wholesale price cap and a capacity payment, and show which combinations of these instruments induce socially-optimal investment by the market. Our analysis yields a rationale for a capacity mechanism based on the internalization of a system-cost externality—even where the price cap is set at the value of lost load.

In extensions, (i) we show how increasing variable renewables penetration can enhance the need for a capacity payment under a novel condition called “imperfect system substitutability”, and (ii) we outline the socially-optimal design of a strategic reserve with a targeted capacity payment.
Unbundling, Regulation, and Pricing: Evidence from Electricity Distribution
Authors: Heim Sven , Krieger Bastian , Liebensteiner Mario
Published: November 2020

Unbundling of vertically integrated utilities has become an integral element in the regulation of network industries and has been implemented in many jurisdictions.

The idea of separating the network, as the natural monopoly, from downstream retailing, which may be exposed to competition, is still subject to contentious debate, as there is much empirical evidence that unbundling eliminates economies of vertical integration, though evidence on overall price effects is still lacking. In this paper, we study the effect of legal unbundling on grid charges in the German electricity distribution industry. Using panel data on German distribution system operators (DSOs), we exploit the variation in the timing of the implementation of legal unbundling and the fact that not all DSOs had to implement unbundling measures. We are also able to identify heterogeneous effects of legal unbundling for different types of price regulation because we observe a switch in the price regulation regime from rate-of-return regulation to incentive regulation during our observation period. Our findings suggest that legal unbundling of the network stage significantly decreases grid charges in the range of 5% to 9%, depending on the type of price regulation in place.
“A sua consulta tem cor?” Incorporando o debate racial na Medicina de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Borret Rita Helena , Silva Monique França da , Jatobá Larissa Rodrigues , Vieira Renata Carneiro , Oliveira Denize Ornelas Pereira Salvador de
Published: November 2020

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), a medicina e, em especial a Medicina de Família e Comunidade, sob a perspectiva do mito da democracia racial, contribuem para o racismo institucional na saúde, à medida em que silenciam e invisibilizam as iniquidades em saúde vivenciadas pela população negra brasileira e os impactos do racismo no processo de saúde e adoecimento. Este artigo traz o relato de experiência da construção e aplicação de uma oficina, intitulada “A sua consulta tem cor?”, que objetiva promover debate sobre a saúde da população negra entre profissionais de saúde da APS e estudantes de medicina, com o intuito de sensibilização ao  tema e promoção de uma prática de cuidado antirracista. Com a construção e aplicação da oficina, foi possível perceber a falta de conhecimento dos participantes sobre como reconhecer e abordar situações de racismo na prática da APS. Como potencialidades, a oficina promoveu sensibilização e reflexão crítica sobre a importância de abordar a temática racial, possibilitou o protagonismo e representatividade de profissionais de saúde e estudantes de medicina negros na facilitação dos grupos, promoveu espaços institucionais para o debate do tema e formou novos facilitadores para estimular a multiplicação da oficina nos mais diversos cenários. Como desafios, a falta de interesse no tema por parte de gestores e instituições torna a abordagem do tema incerta e dependente da vontade e comprometimento de um ou outro indivíduo. Além disso, a oficina aborda múltiplos temas, mas não encerra a necessidade de seguir e aprofundar a discussão sobre os impactos do racismo na saúde da população negra brasileira.
Suchmaschinenoptimierung und Wettbewerbsrecht
Authors: Wehrmann Michael
Published: November 2020

Die vorliegende Betrachtung aus Sicht des UWG zeigt auf, welche Maßnahmen der Suchmaschinenoptimierung (SEO) wettbewerbsrechtlich zulässig oder unzulässig sind.

Die Untersuchung widmet sich zunächst einer Darstellung der SEO, sowie der Einordnung derselben im Hinblick auf das UWG und zeigt grundsätzliche Probleme einer lauterkeitsrechtlichen Betrachtung von SEO auf.

Anschließend subsumiert der Verfasser vielfältige Fallkonstellationen der SEO unter Tatbestände des UWG. Es folgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der bisherigen Rechtsprechung zum UWG und SEO.

Die Arbeit liefert konkrete Anweisungen für die lauterkeitsrechtliche Rechtsanwendung, die sich mit Fällen der SEO konfrontiert sieht.
A social identity perspective on the effect of social information on online video enjoyment
Authors: Möller A. Marthe , Kühne Rinaldo , Baumgartner Susanne E. , Peter Jochen
Published: November 2020

To date, videos are often presented on social media platforms where they are accompanied by social information in the form of user comments. Research suggests that this social information can alter viewers’ video enjoyment. The present study aimed to learn more about two factors that may enhance this effect by conducting a 2x2 between-subjects experiment with a control group (N = 290, Mage = 20.82, SDage = 2.49) in the Netherlands. First, we investigated the role that the source of social information (i.e., in-group vs. out-group) plays in the effect of social information. Second, we explored how writing a comment while watching a video (i.e., commenting vs. no commenting) may alter the effect of the source of social information. Results indicated that social information created by in-group members is more influential than social information created by out-group members. However, writing a comment did not increase viewers’ susceptibility to the effects of social information. These results are discussed in light of the social identity framework, leading to new insights into what may bolster the effect of social information on video enjoyment when individuals watch videos presented on social media.
On the Meaning of “Coevolution” in Social-Ecological Studies
Authors: Desjardins Eric ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2020

Researchers studying linked Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) often use the notion of coevolution in describing the relation between humans and the rest of nature. However, most descriptions of the concept of socio-ecological coevolution remain elusive and poorly articulated. The objective of the following paper is to further specify and enrich the meaning of “coevolution” in social-ecological studies. After a critical analysis of two accounts of coevolution in ecological economics, the paper uses the frameworks of Niche Construction Theory and the Geographic Mosaic Theory to define social-ecological coevolution as the reciprocal adaptation of human-social and ecological ensembles through human and ecological niche construction activities. In sum, this conceptual analysis suggests that an ecologization of Darwinian coevolution can bring clarity to profound functional integration that takes place between humans and ecological systems, and at the same time opens fruitful avenues for social-ecological research.
Education as a factor of cultural reproduction and cultural production
Authors: Nikolić Nataša , Antonijević Radovan
Published: November 2020

Striving to emphasize the complex and dynamic relationships and mutual connection between the concepts of education and cultures, the aim of this work is to present the role of education in the process of cultural reproduction and the process of cultural production. Culture, with its meaning and values, pervades the educational process in all respects. Education is a process of reproduction, as well as a process of production and transformation of culture. The question analyzed in this paper is: where does education stand between cultural reproduction and cultural production? Cultural reproduction is a process that seeks to preserve a culture more or less as it is. The role of education in cultural reproduction is and can be considered at several levels, namely: at the level of collective culture, in culture and at the level of individual culture. As one of the most important intermediaries of culture between the individual and culture, according to many authors, the school stands out. By setting curricula that are mandatory and universal to a large extent, it allows its children to be exposed to a specific set of ideas, knowledge, beliefs, values, and attitudes. The dimensions of the curriculum, by whose analysis the role of the school in cultural reproduction can be followed, are: goals; educational materials and teaching methods. The hidden curriculum in education plays an important role in performing the function of cultural reproduction. The school successfully performs cultural reproduction, because the school itself, as well as culture, represents a certain life. The way of life in the school will be close to the way the culture, that the school belongs to, lives. On the other hand, in education there is the potential for the introduction of innovations and changes. This means that education also contributes to cultural production. In order to really promote cultural production, some innovations must be submitted to the school. Supporters of the socio-cultural approach offer numerous opportunities for organizing the educational process so that they are in the service of production. Some of the possibilities are: transforming the learning discourse, building a network of learners' literacy, and transforming assessment methods. It is necessary that education is based on interactions and dialogue with the active role of students, because only in this way will we get students used to thinking and acting productively.
The rise and/or fall of Baby PISA testing
Authors: Purešević Dragana
Published: November 2020

In the paper, we take the neoliberal approach to education as our starting point and proceed to look at how the test-based approach to assessment affects the shaping of global education policy and practice. The focus of the paper is on the latest global neoliberal trend to come from the OECD network of standardized testing - the IELS study, often referred to as Baby PISA. In view of the fact that the launching of this study has met with a range of reactions by early education experts, we provide an overview of the history of this study, its implementation, and the key critiques of Baby PISA testing. Finally, we examine the question of what neoliberalism has achieved with the standardization of education, and propose a discussion about alternative approaches to education, as well as to assessment. The approaches we highlight are based on an understanding of the complexity of the world we live in, in which we must find a way to live together and participate with purpose. We conclude that education does not need uniformity, but rather diversity, whose educational value lies in the "ethics of meetings".
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education
Authors: Stepanović Saša
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education systems worldwide, leading to the mass closures of schools and universities. Since April 3, 2020, over 1.7 billion school and university students have stopped attending educational institutions due to their closure as part of efforts to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Over 180 countries proceeded to close educational institutions across their territory, which has affected 97% of the global student population. Not only has the shutting down of schools impacted students, teachers and families, it has also had broader economic and social repercussions. The shutting down of schools as part of the response to COVID-19 has highlighted various social and economic problems such as digital learning, homelessness, food shortages, as well as health care, child care, the internet, housing, and the care of elderly and disabled persons. The impact has been even more severe on children with developmental disabilities and their families, since it has led to an interruption of education and to care provision difficulties, and therefore also to additional expenses for families prevented from working. As a response to the closing of schools, UNESCO has proposed the implementation of distance education programs and open educational resources and platforms which could be used by schools and teachers so as to be accessible to every student, thus limiting the interruption and disruption of teaching and education.
Parameters of Pirot inhabitants mortality as from 1879 to 1889
Authors: Lazarević Davor
Published: November 2020

The study presents statistical data related to the mortality parameters in Pirot which were recorded in the registry of deaths during the decade after the town had been freed from the Ottoman Empire and united with the Principality of Serbia. The records made through a research and by processing the data offered by registry books of the Church of the Nativity of Christ and the Church of the Assumtion of the Holy Mother of God can support the research of demographic, health, social and cultural circumstances in the town of Pirot during the period of its adapting to the life of a young Serbian state. The following text contains exact numbers through which the statistics of deaths of ortodox inhabitants of Pirot is presented on the basis of which comparative data of the number of births and deaths, mortality rate in age categories and life expectancy rate can be seen as well as some additional specific data such as causes of deaths and other medical parameters which can be valuable for some further research.
Textual metadiscourse in academic book reviews in Serbian and English
Authors: Vučićević Ana , Rakić Aleksandra
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the forms and patterns of use of the markers of textual metadiscourse in the academic book reviews from the fields of humanities (linguistics and literature) and social sciences (sociology, history, and ethnography) in both Serbian and English languages. The principal aim of our research was to attempt to establish a potential variation in the use of these markers with regard to the parameters of the type of markers, discipline, and language in which the reviews were written. The qualitative-quantitative analysis was carried out according to the model provided by Blagojević (2008). As for the first parameter, the comparison showed the predominance of logical textual connectives in comparison to both other textual connectives and markers of discourse actions/references to discourse across disciplines and languages. When it comes to the parameter of discipline, linguistics, literature and sociology reviews contained the greatest number of markers. Regarding the language criterion, cumulatively speaking, more markers were observed in the reviews in Serbian than in the reviews in English. However, the difference was rather subtle and it pointed to similarities rather than disparities in the use of these markers.
Agriculture of the Republic of Turkey (1923-1941) in the light of Yugoslav sources
Authors: Virijević Vladan
Published: November 2020

Signing the Agreement on the Establishment of Friendly Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia since 1929) on November 28, 1925, provided bases for mutual economic connecting. Concerning the fact that economies of both countries had dominantly agrarian character, they were often rivals to one another in the world markets. Because of that, Yugoslav government aimed at gathering data on the development and modernization of Turkish agriculture by means of its diplomatic representative bodies. In this paper, on the basis of unpublished archival sources, newspapers articles and relevant literature, the following issues will be presented: the state and characteristics of the Turkish agrarian issues during Ataturks's era: the capacity of agricultural production (agriculture, cattle breeding), measures and efforts for its improvement (introducing new kinds and breeds, land-improvement and irrigation projects, the use of modern agro-technical measures, preventing cattle infectious diseases, agrarian reforms, etc.), and the export of agrarian products.
The Enchanted self: Individual identity change in fiction and film
Authors: Gordić-Petković Vladislava
Published: November 2020

The paper will focus on the representations of identity, self, fantasy and transformation in seemingly incomparable novels and films. The theoretical background of the analysis is partly based on Laura Mulvey's theory of "male gaze", along with various critical analyses of other processes that radically change the concept of identity, love, emotion, and desire in the modern world. The novel The Enchanted April and the film Her show that the gap dividing the imaginary self and the real world narrows as the protagonists tread into beautiful landscapes as imaginary territories that bring miraculous change of personalities and relationships. In this paper, Theodore Twombly and Lady Caroline Dester are seen primarily as fugitives from their respective realities of the year 2025 and the 1920's: while Theodore seeks solace in connecting to a computer operating system designed to function as a flawless emotional partner, Caroline retreats to a garden of a fascinating mansion San Salvatore in order to find her priorities and define her own identity, with the firm intention to become more than a beautiful object of male gaze and desire. The paper will explore the examples of hunger for intimacy in the modern age, as well as the human need to form romantic obsessive attachments to inanimate objects, places and landscapes.
Socio-economic aspects of tourism in the modern society
Authors: Premović Jelena , Arsić Ljiljana
Published: November 2020

The specificity of the tourist market and the connection of modern tourist products with numerous economic and non-economic activities cause the multiplicity of socio-economic effects of tourism. The development of tourism creates opportunities for a number of other activities, which means that tourism is a significant factor in boosting the overall economic development. Tourism plays a particularly important role in the overall socio-economic development of underdeveloped countries and regions. Tourism can contribute to positive socio-economic development, but at the same time, inadequate and uncontrolled management of a tourist destination can have negative socio-cultural, but also economic consequences. The paper investigates the basic socio-cultural and economic aspects and impacts of tourism. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the multiplying effects of tourism on the development of a particular destination. Starting from the history of travel and tourism as an activity, key motives and socio-economic effects, the 2008 World Economic Crisis, its origin, causes, and consequences of its impact on the entire world economy, especially tourism, the authors analyzed the current economic indicators of tourism activity in the world economy and projections of expected trends. In this paper, the focus of the analysis is on the tourist travel and economic and socio-cultural impact of tourism on the tourist destination, the individual, and the society as a whole.
Mathematics in the Education of the Consumer
Authors: Lankford Francis G.
Published: November 2020

Professor Schorling was deeply interested in the consumer education movement in our schools. He had keen insight into its implications for the contribution which mathematics may make to general education. This insight is clearly exhibited in two publications that bear his name as co-author. One of these is The Role of Mathematics in Consumer Education,1 a report of a committee of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics; the other is Mathematics For The Consumer,2 a textbook for high school students. It, therefore, is entirely appropriate in this number of The Mathematics Teacher dedicated to the memory of Professor Schorling that the topic “Mathematics in the education of the consumer” should receive attention.
Signs of Progress of the Affiliated Groups Program
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

By the time these paragraphs are in print the Second Delegate Assembly will be past history. Early reports indicate that the Second Delegate Assembly, like the First in Chicago, should be an important event in the history of the National Council. In this Second Assembly nearly fifty delegates, representing members of Affiliated Groups, including some 5,000 members of the National Council and more than 10,000 teachers of mathematics, will have debated policies of the National Council and made decisions important for the future of the Council.
Topics of Interest to Mathematics Teachers: The Correlation of Mathematics and Science
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: November 2020

Fifty Years ago the Englishman John Perry advocated greater emphasis upon the practical uses of mathematics arising in mechanical drawing, physics, chemistry and engineering. A quarter of a century later, the National Committee report (1923) in this country recommended (p. 28) that there should be a conscious effort, through the selection of problems, to correlate the work in mathematics with other courses in the curriculum, especially in science. In 1942 the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics published as its 17th Yearbook, A Source Book of Mathematical Applications. Despite the wealth of excellent material assembled in that yearbook, to what extent are mathematics and science being correlated systematically and effectively in typical mathematics courses throughout the country today?
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

The purpose of a mathematical recreation when it is employed in the processes of mathematical instruction is many-fold. A mathematical recreation may he used in order to break the monotony of a classroom study. It may be wrapped in a humorous cloak. The appeal to the pupil's sense of humor may relieve the tension, may spark the waning interest in a specific topic.
Motivation in Mathematics: Its Theoretical Basis, Measurement, and Relationships with Other Factors
Authors: Sawin E. I.
Published: November 2020

A short time ago an instructor was discussing a topic relating to motivation with a class of prospective teachers. To illustrate the point that many motives are learned, a statement resembling the following was made: “Consider motives related to the study of mathematics as an example. Many people develop intense motives to avoid mathematics. Now there is nothing about mathematics itself that could cause people to dislike it; this could occur only as a result of unfortunate experiences with it.” As the words in italics were uttered, a chorus of chuckles arose from the class. It was apparent from the uniformity of the reaction, and from the discussion that followed, that this idea was totally strange to the thinking of many of the students. A considerable number of them had acquired unfavorable attitudes toward mathematics which were so firmly established that the idea that the study of mathematics could have been enjoyable to them appeared ludicrous. This is especially significant in view of the fact that the class was composed of a select group of college juniors whose classroom experiences with mathematics were probably more pleasant than for most of their classmates in elementary school and high school.
Membership Message: 1951-1952 NCTM Membership Should Reach A 10,000 Total
Authors: Rogers Mary C.
Published: November 2020

This is the challenge facing your State Representatives and they, with your assistance and support, are doing a magnificent job meeting the challenge.
Let's Teach Angle Trisection
Authors: Meserve B. E.
Published: November 2020

Every Year several people announce that they have discovered a method for trisecting angles in the belief that they have solved the classical trisection problem. Many of the methods discovered are correct in the sense that they may be used to trisect an arbitrary angle; many of the methods have been discovered so frequently that they are practically classics themselves. The part of the problem that these discoverers apparently do not understand is that the classical problem requires that the trisection be done using only compasses and a straightedge. The straightedge may be used only to draw straight lines. In solving the classical construction problems one is not allowed to use the length or width of the straightedge, and similarly one is not allowed to use marks upon it. When these classical restrictions upon the trisection problem are disregarded, many of the constructions for the trisection of angles can be performed using only the methods now taught in secondary schools. The restriction that there should be no marks upon the straightedge is disregarded in one of the simplest and oldest constructions of the trisection of angles. This construction is attributed to Archimedes. It requires only compasses and a straightedge with two marks on it. A ruler will serve very well.
Approximate Square Roots
Authors: Shuster Carl N.
Published: November 2020

The slide rule is very satisfactory for finding square roots accurate to three significant digits. There are situations, however, in which a more accurate root is desired. The method given below will enable the operator to use his slide rule in combination with ordinary division or with a computing machine to find roots to 6, 8, 12 or more significant digits.
Mathematics: A Must for the Mechanic
Authors: Wilson J. Douglas
Published: November 2020

The mathematics teacher often finds it necessary to go to the school shop and ask the shop teacher for help in the classroom. The mathematics teacher may need a table, a cabinet, or some device that will serve as a teaching aid.
The Third Delegate Assembly
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

The session of the Third Delegate Assembly of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics will be held in Des Moines, Iowa, Thursday and Friday, April 17 and 18, 1952. There will be a two-hour session on Thursday and a luncheon for Delegates followed by a second session of the Assembly on Friday. The agenda for the Assembly is to be made up from suggestions of officers of Affiliated Groups and other members of the National Council.
Minimum Mathematical Needs of Prospective Students in a College of Engineering
Authors: Henderson Kenneth B. , Dickman Kern
Published: November 2020

There are several reasons why some students enter a college of engineering lacking adequate preparation in mathematics. One is that the mathematical needs of such students have not been clearly defined. It seems to be an auspicious hypothesis to assume that, if these needs are identified in some specificity and high school mathematics teachers apprized of them, students can be better prepared for collegiate work. Acting on this hypothesis, a study was conducted to discover the minimum mathematical needs of students who expect to enter the College of Engineering of the University of Illinois. Since the curricula and course content of most colleges of engineering tend to be similar, it is assumed that, in the absence of other data, these needs will serve very well to indicate “what it takes” in most colleges of engineering.
Notes on the History of Mathematic
Authors: Sanford Vera
Published: November 2020

The problem that is the subject of this article has a basis in reality but its conditions are so idealized that it seems unlikely that it could ever have arisen in the form in which it occurs. Yet the reader will find in it a situation that has important applications today.
Some Notes on the Prismoidal Formula
Authors: Meserve B. E. , Pingry R. E.
Published: November 2020

In this article we shall discuss the wide applicability of the prismoidal formula to the calculation of the volumes of many common solids, as well as many that are not so common. Some explicit criteria for the application of the formula will be presented. The writers believe that the prismoidal formula may serve as an excellent review of most of the volume relationships of solid geometry, as well as a review of all the geometric relationships necessary to obtain the area of the bases and midsections.