bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Transfer on MHD Nanofluid Flow with Temperature-dependent Viscosity in the Presence of Chemical Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Waheed , Onyango Edward , Theuri David , Awad Faiz
Published: January 2025

The paper investigated the effects of heat and mass transfer with the chemical reaction on time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection nanofluid flow through a vertical plate embedded in porous media. The flow problem is expressed as a set of time-dependent dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations, which are transformed into nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in dimensionless form and then solved numerically using the bivariate spectral relaxation method (BI-SRM). The effect of the significant flow parameters such as Eckert number, Joule heating parameter, magnetic parameter, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Prandtl number, chemical reaction parameter, Schmidt number, and Reynolds number on both velocity components, temperature, concentration, and induction profiles is examined. Additionally, the effects of system parameters on heat and mass transport rates and primary and secondary shear stresses are investigated and shown in tabular and graphical form. It is established that by increasing the Schmidt number or chemical reaction parameter, the Sherwood number increases, while the reverse trend is seen on the concentration distribution for increasing either Schmidt number or chemical reaction parameter. The findings of the study play a significant role in enhancing the performance and proficiency of various engineering applications, such as new-generation washing machines and engineering applications found in the fields of oil refining and biomedical engineering.
The Use of Narcotic Substances Among the Youth in the Tamale Metropolis Northern Ghana
Authors: Salifu Abukari , Muktar Abdul , Sadik Ayisha
Published: January 2025

This study explores substance abuse among the youth in the Tamale Metropolis and identifies the various types of substances commonly used by the youth. The research employed a qualitative method. Snowballing sampling technique was used to identify 32 participants. Data were collected through interview guide and four focus group discussion sessions were held with youth groups residing in the Tamale Metropolis. Key themes that emerged from the data, included the Substance Abuse knowledge, personal experience with substance abuse, types of substances abused and solutions to substance abuse and its legal implications. The key themes that emerged from the FGDs were snuff consumption history, patterns of consumption, perceived risks and consequences of snuff use and attempts to quit and support systems needed to quit. The study revealed the following different types of narcotic substance used. These are marijuana, alcohol mixed with tramadol, tramadol itself, energy drink mixed with “wee”, dried moringa leaves mixed with tobacco and wee. It was equally realized that most participants had knowledge about the drugs they used. Some Recommendations were proposed to implement comprehensive drug prevention programs, improve access to substance abuse treatment facilities, and strengthen law enforcement efforts to combat drug trafficking. Additionally, raising awareness about the dangers of drug abuse and promoting community engagement are vital in tackling this complex issue. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on narcotic substance abuse and provides valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders working towards the prevention and intervention of drug abuse in the Tamale Metropolis. In conclusion, this study found out that narcotic substance use has heavily impacted negatively on the lives of the youth of the Tamale metropolis.
The Influence of Proactiveness on the Performance of Textile-Based Manufacturing Small Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Kiguru Samuel , Senelwa Wilberforce , Njeru Agnes
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of proactiveness on the performance of textile-based manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya. With approximately 60.1% of the surveyed SMEs exhibiting moderate to high levels of proactiveness, the research employs regression analysis to assess the relationship between proactiveness and enterprise performance, measured through indicators such as sales turnover, profitability, and employee growth. The model demonstrates a strong fit, with an R-square value of 0.601, indicating that proactiveness explains 60.1% of the variance in SME performance. The ANOVA results confirm a significant relationship (F = 437.603, p < 0.05) between proactiveness and performance, reinforcing the hypothesis that a proactive approach is critical for enhancing business outcomes. Qualitative insights gathered from interviews reveal that proactive firms exhibit heightened market responsiveness, foster a culture of innovation, and engage in strategic networking, all contributing to superior performance metrics. Highly proactive SMEs reported average annual sales increases of 25% and profitability margins of 18%, significantly outperforming their less proactive counterparts. Despite these advantages, SMEs face barriers such as limited financial resources and inadequate market knowledge, which hinder their ability to capitalize on proactive initiatives. The findings underscore the importance of cultivating a proactive organizational culture within textile SMEs to drive competitiveness and sustained growth in a dynamic market environment. Recommendations for enhancing proactiveness include investing in employee training, facilitating access to financial support, and promoting networking opportunities within the textile industry. By addressing these challenges and fostering proactiveness, SMEs can better position themselves for success in an increasingly competitive landscape.
Thermal Conversion of Pregeijerene into Geijerene in Essential Oil of Chromolaena Odorata L. King & Robinson (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wognin Esse , Tanoh Amenan , Yapi Acafou , Toure Kidjegbo , Felix Tomi , Tonzibo Zanahi
Published: January 2025

It is well-known that geijerene is mostly associated with pregeijerene. These terpenes are believed to be thermoconvertible by a type of sigmatropic transposition order supra or antarafaciale. Our contribution to the study of the molecular pair consisted on a combination of statistical and analytical approach to the chemical composition of Chromolaena odorata essential oil. A compilation of chemical compositions of the samples obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC, presented a variation of this binomial proportions in different countries. For Ivory Coast, the results of analysis of 71 samples showed a dominance of geijerene proportion. We carried out a two-stage sampling by chemical variability factors (effects of site and period). We chose, at random, three different samples we submitted separately to chromatographic analysis (GC) and spectroscopic analysis (13C-NMR). It appears from this study that pregeijerene and geijerene were found in the essential oil with a relationship characterized by a polynomial degree 6 between these both molecules. Then during the chromatographic analysis, thermal conversion of pregeijerene into geijerene with the ratio 85.8% was observed. This result supported the idea of the coexistence of pregeijerene and geijerene in the essential oil of Chromolaena odorata. We intend to help clarify the kinetics and complete thermodynamics of this equilibrium.
Characterization of Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) Root Extracts by GC-MS and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS: An Ivorian Medicinal Plant at the Service of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Adjadi Jeanne , Kassi Amian , Ballo Daouda , Diakaridja Nikiema , David Virieux , Pirat Jean-Luc
Published: January 2025

The study of chemical constituents is an essential element in the valorization of medicinal plants, which can be used to treat a number of pathologies. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the chemical composition of Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae), a medicinal plant used in Côte d'Ivoire for the traditional treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study explores the relationship between the compounds identified in this plant and its use in cardiovascular disease treatment. Extraction methods (solid/liquid and liquid/liquid) and identification by GC-MS and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analyses were used. The GC-MS analysis of the various extracts (hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) identified 32 compounds consisting of steroids, triterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of these extracted memes identified 21 phenolic compounds. In total 53 compounds were identified with the two analytical methods used. These molecules identified are: palmitic acid, 9-(E)-octadecenoic acid, stigmasterol, β-Sitosterol, umbelliferone, epicatechin quinone, clemiscosin A, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methyl-2 (5 H)-furanone, cinnamtannin B-2; cinnamtannin B1, procyanidin B2, epicatechin quinone, clemiscosin C, clemiscosin A, kaempferide and epicatechin. These compounds have been identified for their antioxidant, anti-free radical, cardiotonic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. The presence of these compounds could justify the use of Paullinia pinnata in the traditional treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Improved Sorghum Technologies Are Vital in Ensuring Food Security: The Case of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Habtamu , Begna Fekadu , Bekele Desta
Published: January 2025

Sorghum is the vital food security crop in semi-arid region of the world including Ethiopia. This activity was conducted to demonstrate improved sorghum technologies in Assosa zone by involving 479 male headed and 57 Female headed households. The average age of the participant was 40 to 46 years with mean farming experience 22-30 years. The participant farmers provide 0.125 to 1 hectares of land and a total of 314.5 ha of land were used. The training was given for all farmers, Regional and district experts, and concerned development agents at Kebeles were the trial conducted. The field day was organized at physiological maturity involving 713 participants. Mean grain yield of improved Assosa-1 sorghum variety at demonstrated areas were 26.8 qt.ha-1 at Assosa, 29 qtha-1 at Bambasi, and 32 qt.ha-1 at Homosha. The technological gap in the study area ranges from 6 to 11.2 qt.ha-1, with an average technological yield gap of 8.73 qtha-1. The highest technological yield gap 11.2 q.ha-1 was observed in Assosa district and the lowest technological gap 6 q.ha-1 was observed in Homosha district. Similarly, the extension yield gaps were ranged from 12.8 to 20 qt.ha-1 with an average yield of 15.6 qtha-1. The result further showed that the highest extension gap of 20 qt.ha-1 was observed at Homosha district and the lowest extension gap was observed at Assosa districts with 12.8 qt.ha-1.
Comparison Between General Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia in the Effect on Hemodynamic Stability in Patients Hernia Repair in Hospitals in the Iraqi City of Karbala
Authors: Kadhim Adnan , Al-Khikani Haider , Hamza Qasim , Habib Yass , Hussein Muhammad , Muhammad Hassan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: When it comes to methods, drugs, strategies, and guidelines for selecting the best anesthesia, the primary concern of the anesthesia and critical care department staff remains selecting the anesthetic that poses the least risk to the patient's life. For individuals who repair hernias, spinal anesthesia is the most effective and common type of anesthetic. Subjects and methods: a current and precise analysis of the patients that visit Karbala's Al-Hassan Hospital and Al-Hussein Medical City. We separated the (100) patients who had a herniotomy into two groups based on the forms of spinal and general anesthesia (50) patients were put under spinal anesthesia and (50) patients were put under general anesthesia. Analysis was done on the patient's age, weight, blood pressure change, and pulse rate. In order to conduct meticulous follow-up before to, during, and following procedures, the study examined patients between the ages of (20) and (90) and separated them into two groups: general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). Results: We demonstrate that it is also more stable in SA, which is around (56%), compared to (GA), which is roughly (40%). However, blood pressure is higher in (GA), which was (32%), and in (SA), which was (24%), and lower in (GA), which was (28%), and in SA, it was (20%). As demonstrated in this study, the heart rate is more stable in (SA 56%) compared to (GA 32%), and it increases in (SA 34%), while it increases in (GA 60%). The impact of (SA) is more consistent, and the heart rate dropped by 10% in (SA) and around 8% in (GA). Conclusions: We discovered that spinal anesthesia was superior to general anesthesia in terms of maintaining minimum or normal heart rate and blood pressure stability.
Beijing in Las Vegas
Authors: Desar Leonora
Published: January 2025

Vibrant colors bring Asia to America at the Lucky Dragon Hotel and Casino
Progressions
Authors: Lien Mark
Published: January 2025

True Today, Gone Tomorrow What we ‘know’ now may only be temporary
Energy
Authors: Warren Willard
Published: January 2025

Convergence Recent studies explore the meet up between energy use and light quality
Progressions
Authors: Lien Mark
Published: January 2025

The Outsiders What a simple nightstand light says about our industry
Energy
Authors: Warren Willard
Published: January 2025

Make Room for Zoom Opportunities lie in shaping work around virtual communication
Controls
Authors: Knuffke Charles
Published: January 2025

Don't Forget Plug Loads They're still part of the energy game
Safety
Authors: Plank Jerry
Published: January 2025

Products Soldier On Technology advancements can offer solutions during trying times
Wildlife
Authors: Slade Jane
Published: January 2025

Darkness as a Beacon Two new metrics can help us remember the night
A Well-Oiled Machine
Authors: Buerer David
Published: January 2025

2020 demonstrated the importance of warehouses during a crisis. An effective lighting and controls strategy can help keep the supply chain moving
Lighting the “First Ladies”
Authors: Wohlwerth Mark M.
Published: January 2025

A lighting challenge: making the intricate details of ballgowns visible, while preserving the delicate fabric
Revisiting Battery Park City
Authors: Prouse Robert
Published: January 2025

Designer takes LIGHTFAIR audience for review of urban lighting
Free and forced vibrations of circular plates made of functionally graded graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterials
Authors: Mirsabetnazar Ali , Ansari Reza , Ershadi Mehrad Zargar , Rouhi Hesam
Published: January 2025

Presented herein is a numerical investigation into the free and forced vibrational characteristics of circular plates made of functionally graded graphene origami-enabled auxetic metamaterials (FG-GOEAMs). The material properties of FG-GOEAM are estimated using genetic programing-assisted micromechanical models considering two graphene content distribution patterns. The effects of graphene content, size and folding degree on the material properties are taken into account by the models. The formulation of the paper is in the context of first-order shear deformation plate theory, and the governing equations of motion are achieved utilizing Hamilton’s principle. In the solution approach, the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method is employed by which the variational statement of problem is directly derived and discretized using matrix differential and integral operators. Selected numerical results are presented to study the effects of graphene origami (GOri) content, folding degree, and distribution pattern on the free and forced vibration responses of FG-GOEAM circular plates with clamped and hinged boundary conditions.
Cross-national relationships between employment quality and mental well-being: The role of organized labour strength
Authors: Vanderleyden Julie , Van Aerden Karen , Vanroelen Christophe
Published: January 2025

Existing literature underscores the significant influence of organized labour on shaping national contexts, not only in terms of labour market regulation but also on redistributive policies impacting population health. We investigate how employment quality (EQ), mental well-being, and their relation are influenced by broader socio-political factors across Europe, employing a Power Resource Theory (PRT) approach. We first establish an EQ typology using Latent Class Cluster Analysis on data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015, N = 25,682), deriving five EQ configurations: SER-like, Instrumental, Precarious Intensive, Precarious Unsustainable, and Portfolio employment. Our analyses reveal key insights. First, EQ types are significantly associated with mental well-being at the individual level. Second, we find that the strength of organized labour, measured by Trade Union Density (TUD) and Collective Bargaining Coverage (CBC), significantly influences the distribution of EQ configurations across Europe. Third, higher CBC levels are associated with greater mental well-being across countries. Lastly, CBC modulates the relationship between EQ and mental well-being, as the negative association of Precarious Intensive employment with mental well-being is weaker in countries with higher collective bargaining coverage. Our study highlights the role of organized labour in the prevalence of standard and precarious employment, as well as in employment-related mental well-being inequalities.
“Foodstagramming unleashed: Examining the role of social media involvement in enhancing the creative food tourism experience”
Authors: Magdy Ahmed , Hassan Hamada
Published: January 2025

This study examines how social cognition and engagement components influence diners’ creative food tourism experiences (CFTE) during their visit, as well as how the CFTE influences their continuous goal of foodstagramming. The survey comprised 783 guests who ate at a local destination restaurants and uploaded images of their experiences. Using PLS-SEM for data analysis, the evidence shows a link between meal experience value and social influences on CFTE. As social cognitive components, food experience value and social influence have been shown to have a favourable and significant effect on CFTE. Furthermore, the study discovered no significant relationship between social media use and CFTE. Besides, cognitive engagement and affective participation had a substantial impact on CFTE. Surprisingly, behavioural engagement had no effect on CFTE. Furthermore, the CFTE significantly and favourably influenced respondents’ intentions to continue foodstagramming. Finally, it was discovered that CFTE elements had a significant impact on diners’ long-term intents to foodstagramming. These findings have significant implications for hospitality professionals.
Consumers purchase decision for cultural products outside their countries of origin: A craft retailing context
Authors: Oyedele Adesegun , Saldivar Roberto , Goenner-Munson Emily
Published: January 2025

This study examines how authenticity influences purchase decisions for cultural craft products resold outside their countries of origin, focusing on Mexican crafts sold in the U.S. market. We propose a model of consumer decision-making for cultural heritage crafts resold outside their countries of origin that integrates marketing models of perceived authenticity of crafts and perspectives from the tourism literature. Data collected from 166 tourists at a significant tourist site in a U.S. city that celebrates its connection with Mexican culture reveals that cultural motivation positively affects fair source authenticity (objective authenticity) and atmosphere authenticity (existential authenticity). Both dimensions of authenticity mediate the relationship between cultural motivation and purchase intentions and significantly impact consumers intentions to purchase Mexican-made cultural heritage crafts resold in the U.S. market. The study extends our knowledge of authenticity in tourism to crafts sold outside their country of origin. By incorporating and assessing fair source authenticity in our model, the study extends the tourism literature on ethics, morality, and responsible tourism decision-making, areas that remain significantly understudied in cultural heritage tourism literature.
Study on the flame retardancy of thermoplastic elastomers composites applied for cable sheath
Authors: Wang Lichun , Jia Xianfeng , Wang Jiping
Published: January 2025

The halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) composites filled with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) had been prepared using the melting compounding method by a twin-screw extruder. The flame retardancy, smoke release performance, thermal stability, mechanical properties and microscopic morphology of carbonaceous char of TPE/ADP composites had been investigated by cone calorimeter, NBS smoke density chamber, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 (vertical flame) test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultimate tensile. The study results indicated that the flame retardancy and char forming characteristics of TPE/ADP composites had been dramatically improved. The more significant expansion of flame retardant TPE/ADP composites during combustion was found with the addition of synergistic flame retardants Zinc Borate (ZB) or melamine cyanurate (MCA). Among the synergistic agents of organic montmorillonite (OMMT), ZB, and MCA, ZB exhibited the best assisted carbonization performance regardless of high or low heat flux, and formed a multi-level twisted carbonaceous char structure. Meanwhile, due to the addition of synergistic flame retardant ZB, not only the flame retardancy was improved, but also the smoke release was significantly inhibited. The tensile performance test showed the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break of TPE composites maintained a relatively high level, and which can meet the application requirements of cable sheath materials.
Minimizing Unnecessary Harvesting of an Extremely Thin Gracilis Tendon During ACL Reconstruction by Referencing the Diameter of the Doubled Semitendinosus Tendon Alone
Authors: Yau W.P.
Published: January 2025

Background:

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) graft failure is inversely related to the diameter of the ACLR graft. When the diameter of a 4-stranded hamstring tendon graft with a doubled semitendinosus and doubled gracilis tendon (ST×2 + G×2) configuration is <8 mm, the gracilis tendon is often thin.

Hypothesis:

(1) The diameter of the doubled semitendinosus tendon (ST×2) alone would be able to predict the probability of a 4-stranded ACLR graft having a diameter of ≥8 mm, and (2) there would be a specific cutoff value for the ST×2 diameter such that the addition of a doubled gracilis tendon (G×2) will not result in a 4-stranded graft with a ≥8-mm diameter.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were patients who had undergone 4-stranded hamstring ACLR between 2008 and 2018. Patients were excluded if the diameter measurements of the tendons or ACLR graft were missing. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictability of ST×2 on an ACLR graft with a diameter of ≥8 mm. The effect of including G×2 on the final graft size was reported.

Results:

A total of 314 patients were included, and the mean diameters of ST×2 and G×2 were 6.5 ± 0.8 mm and 5.0 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the diameter of ST×2 and that of G×2 (men: r = 0.678; women: r = 0.654; P < .001 for both). An ST×2 with a diameter <6 mm predicted a 4-stranded ACLR graft of <8 mm (area under the ROC = 0.917; P < .001). When ST×2 was <6 mm, the addition of a G×2 did not result in the ACLR graft's having a diameter of ≥8 mm, regardless of patient sex or G×2 diameter.

Conclusion:

When the diameter of the doubled semitendinosus was <6 mm, the addition of the doubled gracilis was unlikely to produce a 4-stranded ACLR graft with a diameter of ≥8 mm. Surgeons should consider alternative methods such as tripling or quadrupling the semitendinosus tendon to increase the size of the ACLR graft, rather than routinely harvesting the gracilis tendon.
Longitudinal association between nailfold capillaroscopy and incident interstitial lung disease: A EUSTAR database analysis
Authors: Velauthapillai Arthiha , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K , Henes Joerg , Czirjak Laszlo , Dagna Lorenzo , Riemekastan Gabriela , Allanore Yannick , Foti Rosario , Alegre-Sancho JJ , Maurer Britta , Cuomo Giovanna , Spierings Julia , Martin Thierry , Truchetet ME , van den Ende Cornelia HM , Vonk Madelon C
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

To evaluate (1) the association between nailfold capillaroscopy pattern and 5-year risk for incident interstitial lung disease and (2) the association between transition in nailfold capillaroscopy pattern and risk of incident interstitial lung disease.

Methods:

Data of adult patients from the EUSTAR database fulfilling the ACR-EULAR criteria with a disease duration ⩽5 years, having a scleroderma pattern at nailfold capillaroscopy with high-resolution computed tomography confirmed absence of interstitial lung disease (i.e. baseline) was used. Interstitial lung disease-free survival was assessed for up to 5 years of follow-up with a Cox proportional hazards model stratified on nailfold capillaroscopy pattern at baseline. The association of annual transition in nailfold capillaroscopy pattern on the risk to develop interstitial lung disease was assessed with a mixed logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Out of 771 eligible patients, 283 (37%) had an early pattern, 377 (49%) had an active pattern, and 111 (14%) had a late pattern. The Cox proportional hazard model including the identified confounders did not show an association between severity of nailfold capillaroscopy pattern at baseline and increased risk for interstitial lung disease during 5-year follow-up (hazard ratio (95 confidence interval; p value): 1.09 (0.86–1.39; 0.47)). The mixed logistic regression analysis revealed an increased annual risk for incident interstitial lung disease with increasing severity of capillaroscopic pattern (odds ratio (95% confidence interval); p value 3.76 (1.99–7.11; <0.01)).

Conclusion:

Our study shows that worsening of nailfold capillaroscopy has a strong association with an increased annual risk to develop interstitial lung disease. Of note, a worse scleroderma pattern at nailfold capillaroscopy is not associated with the long-term risk to develop interstitial lung disease.
Functional significance of some common oxytocin receptor SNPs involved in complex human traits
Authors: Ma Suk Ling , Bowen Michael Thomas , Dadds Mark R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Oxytocin function is associated with a range of human traits and is often indexed by common polymorphisms of the receptor gene OXTR. Little is known however about the functional significance of these polymorphisms.

Objectives

To examine the effects of common polymorphisms of OXTR on transcription expression in human neural cells.

Method

The impact of four common OXTR SNPs (rs1042778, rs4686302, rs2254298 and rs237887) on OXTR gene expression were tested in human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, a commonly used cell line for neurological disease. SNPs were chosen as having robust evidence for associations with complex human traits after consideration of linkage patterns across OXTR.

Results

The expression level of GG genotype of rs1042778 was significantly lower than TT genotypes. None of the other SNPs were related to functional transcription.

Conclusions

OXTR polymorphisms showing robust associations with complex human traits are not reliably associated with changes in transcription of OXTR. Increasing cooperation between behavioral and biological scientists is needed to bridge the gap between human trait and functional biological studies to improve our understanding of oxytocin and other important mammalian neuroendocrine processes.
Disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with AIDS and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Reverón Delvis R. , Flora-Noda David M. , Soto Lily M. , Dolande Maribel , Frey Juan , Chaurio Aleiram , Ruiz-Alayón Bárbara D. , Caldera Jocays , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare and potentially fatal disease, with a higher incidence in immunocompromised patients, such as those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Information on Nocardia spp. infection in Venezuela is limited.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient, recently diagnosed with HIV, who exhibited prolonged fever and unintentional weight loss. Paraclinical tests revealed pancytopenia and a marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase. Disseminated histoplasmosis was suspected, prompting a bone marrow (BM) aspirate. Culture and molecular studies for Histoplasma spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BM samples were negative. Antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir was initiated, but the patient subsequently experienced clinical deterioration, including ascites, pericardial effusion, and respiratory failure. Post-mortem biopsy and immunohistochemistry identified non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of B-cell lineage, and mycological culture of BM isolated Nocardia farcinica.

Conclusion

Disseminated nocardiosis may mimic histoplasmosis. Nocardia spp. infection should be considered in HIV patients, particularly in advanced stages of infection.
Identification of a mitophagy-related gene signature for predicting overall survival and response to immunotherapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Yang Jian , Cao Zhifei , Yu Chengqing , Cui Wenxu , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

Rectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous gastrointestinal tumor, and the prognosis for patients with treatment-resistant and metastatic rectal cancer remains poor. Mitophagy, a type of selective autophagy that targets mitochondria, plays a role in promoting or inhibiting tumors; however, the importance of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in the prognosis and treatment of rectal cancer is unclear.

Methods

In this study, we used the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and MRGs from the TCGA-READ dataset to identify differentially expressed mitophagy-related genes (MRDEGs). The mitophagy scores were then analyzed for differential expression and ROC. Seven module genes were identified using the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) approach and subsequently validated in the merged datasets GSE87211 and GSE90627. The model genes were obtained based on prognostic features, and the subgroups were distinguished by risk score. Gene enrichment, immune infiltration and immunotherapy response were also evaluated. Finally, validation of prognostic gene expression in rectal cancer was carried out using clinical samples, employing Immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

We demonstrated that 22 MRGs were differentially expressed between normal and rectal cancer tissues. A prognostic model for rectal cancer MRGs was constructed using WGCNA and Cox regression, which exhibited good diagnostic performance. In this study, we identified four molecular markers (MYLK, FLNC, MYH11, and NEXN) as potential prognostic biomarkers for rectal cancer for the first time. Moreover, our findings indicate that the risk scores derived from the four MRGs are associated with tumor immunity. To further validate our findings, IHC analyses suggested that the expression of MYH11 in rectal cancer tissues was lower than in nontumorous rectal tissues.

Conclusion

MRGs could predict the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with rectal cancer and might be able to personalize treatment for patients.
Chitosan nano-formulation enhances stability and bactericidal activity of the lytic phage HK6
Authors: Temsaah Hasnaa R. , Abdelkader Karim , Ahmed Amr E. , Elgiddawy Nada , Eldin Zienab E. , Elshebrawy Hend Ali , Kasem Nahed Gomaa , El-Gohary Fatma A. , Azmy Ahmed. F.
Published: January 2025

Background

Successful treatment of pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacter Cloacae with bacteriophage (phage) counteract some hindrance such as phage stability and immunological clearance. Our research is focused on the encapsulation of phage HK6 within chitosan nanoparticles.

Result

Encapsulation significantly improves stability, efficacy, and delivery of phages. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) achieve a phage entrapment efficiency of 97%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveals shifts towards higher wavenumbers and a new peak, indicating amide bond formation and successful phage encapsulation. The average particle sizes for CS-NP and phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs were 180 ± 10 nm and 297 ± 18 nm, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal that phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs are larger on average than CS-NPs, highlighting successful phage encapsulation. Encapsulated bacteriophages maintain its effectiveness at higher pH levels of 11 and 12. Both encapsulated and free bacteriophages are thermostable between 25 and 60 °C; while at higher temperatures (up to 80 °C), the encapsulated phage is thermally stable. Over four days, 70.57% of phages were released from encapsulated CS-NPs. Encapsulation of bacteriophage HK6 in CS-NPs enhances antibacterial activity within the first 2 h, compared to phage or nanoparticles alone.

Conclusion

This suggests that the phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs exhibit potentiality as biocontrol agents against resistant microorganisms offering an alternative to phage alone.

Graphical Abstract
Quality, topics, and demographic trends of animal systematic reviews - an umbrella review
Authors: Hild Bernard Friedrich , Brüschweiler David , Hild Sophia Theodora Katharina , Bugajska Julia , von Wyl Viktor , Rosso Marianna , Wever Kimberley Elaine , Furrer Eva , Ineichen Benjamin Victor
Published: January 2025

Background

Animal systematic reviews are critical to inform translational research. Despite their growing popularity, there is a notable lack of information on their quality, scope, and geographical distribution over time. Addressing this gap is important to maintain their effectiveness in fostering medical advancements.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the quality and demographic trends of animal systematic reviews in neuroscience, including changes over time.

Methods

We performed an umbrella review of animal systematic reviews, searching Medline and Embase for reviews until January 27, 2023. A data mining method was developed and validated to automatically evaluate the quality of these reviews.

Results

From 18‘065 records identified, we included 1‘358 animal systematic reviews in our study. These reviews commonly focus on translational research but with notable topical gaps such as schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and brain tumours. They originate from 64 countries, with the United States, China, the UK, Brazil, and Iran being the most prolific. The automated quality assessment indicated high reliability, with F1-scores over 80% for most criteria. Overall, the reviews were of high quality and the quality improved over time. However, many systematic reviews did not report a pre-registered study protocol. Reviews with a pre-registered protocol generally scored higher in quality. No significant differences in quality were observed between countries.

Conclusion

Animal systematic reviews in neuroscience are of overall of high quality. Our study highlights specific areas for enhancement such as the recommended pre-publication of study protocols. It also identifies under-represented topics that could benefit from further investigation to inform translational research. Such measures can contribute to the effective translation of animal research findings to clinical applications.
Coronary health index based on immunoglobulin light chains to assess coronary heart disease risk with machine learning: a diagnostic trial
Authors: Ren Wenbo , Zhang Zichen , Wang Yifei , Wang Jiangyuan , Li Li , Shi Lin , Zhai Taiyu , Huang Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent studies suggest a connection between immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, current diagnostic methods using peripheral blood IgLCs levels or subtype ratios show limited accuracy for CHD, lacking comprehensive assessment and posing challenges in early detection and precise disease severity evaluation. We aim to develop and validate a Coronary Health Index (CHI) incorporating total IgLCs levels and their distribution. Additionally, we aim to evaluate its effectiveness by integrating patient data and using machine learning models through diagnostic trial.

Methods

The CHI was developed and combined with other clinical data. Nine machine learning models were screened to identify optimal diagnostic performance, with the XGBoost model emerging as the top performer. Performance was assessed based on accuracy, sensitivity, and its ability to identify severe CHD cases characterized by complex lesions (SYNTAX score > 33).

Results

The XGBoost model demonstrated high accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing CHD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.927. It also accurately identified patients with severe CHD, achieving an AUC of 0.991. An online web tool was introduced for broader external validation, confirming the model’s effectiveness.

Conclusions

Combining the CHI with the XGBoost model offers significant advantages in diagnosing CHD and assessing disease severity. This approach can guide clinical interventions and improve large-scale CHD screening.
Tibial stem extension versus standard configuration in primary cemented total knee arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heidari Arash , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad H. , Daliri Mahla , Moradi Ali , Sahebi Mahdieh , Sadeghi Masoumeh
Published: January 2025

Background

In order to increase the stability of tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), intramedullary stem extensions (SE) have been developed. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to address the critical knowledge gap on post-operative outcomes and complications rate comparison between tibial component with SE compared to the tibial component standard configuration (SC) in primary cemented TKA.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of online databases, including Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, using the following MeSH terms, (total knee arthroplasty) OR (TKA) OR (total knee replacement) AND (Tibial stem) OR (stem extension) OR (long stem). We included clinical studies that compared the tibial SE with no tibial stem (standard configuration) in primary cemented TKA. The important exclusion criteria were studies on revision (secondary) TKA, un-cemented arthroplasty, high level constrained implants, TKA with tibial augment & tibial bone graft, TKA with femoral stems, studies on short tibial keel (shorter than SC), without any tibial keel, studies with less than 12 months of follow-up. Knee Society Score (KSS) functional and clinical scores were considered as clinical outcomes along with tibial loosening and implant survival rate. The retrieved studies were assessed for methodological quality using Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials (ROB) and Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis taking into account for heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 223,743 patients (223,766 knees) from 15 articles were included. The risk of tibial aseptic loosening is 54% lower on average in SE group in comparison with SC group (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.74), which is more notable among obese class I patients (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.78), but not significantly different among obese class II patients (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.78). KSS functional and clinical score increased 3.85 score (95% CI: 1.52 to 6.18), and 1,24 scores (95% CI: − 0.22 to 2.70) among patients in SE group, respectively. The survival rate was 1.04 times greater in the SE group. There was no notable difference in terms of knee deformity (hip-knee-ankle angle) correction, all cause secondary procedure, and complications rate between the two groups.

Conclusion

The meta-analysis of post-operative functional scores and tibial loosening rate indicates a preference for tibial SE over the SC in primary cemented TKA. Some studies were rated as having a fair to critical risk of bias during the quality assessment. To strengthen the evidence and improve the applicability of our findings in clinical practice, future high-quality studies are required.
The physical, emotional, social, and functional dimensions of epidermolysis bullosa. An interview study on burdens and helpful aspects from a patients’ perspective
Authors: Salamon Gudrun , Strobl Sophie , Matschnig Marie-Stephanie , Diem Anja
Published: January 2025

Background

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a serious, painful, hereditary and still incurable genetic condition. Due to blistering or wounds on the skin caused by the slightest touch, a person suffering from epidermolysis bullosa is prevented from achieving the same quality of life as a healthy person. Until now, psychosocial research has focused on the description of the problems of people living with the disease.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to provide a structured overview of potential psychosocial effects of epidermolysis bullosa on the everyday lives of people with the condition and to explore helpful aspects for coping with EB.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with persons living with EB were conducted. Analyses were based on a combination of a reflexive grounded theory approach and a structured coding guide. By means of purposive sampling across three countries, a high diversity within the sample was achieved in order to obtain a wide range of possible effects.

Results

A total of 17 individuals living with EB across all EB types were interviewed, resulting in 36,315 words being analysed. Psychosocial aspects of EB comprise physical, emotional, social, and functional dimensions. Identified burdens and helpful aspects in dealing with EB are described along this structure.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the broad range of possible psychosocial effects caused by epidermolysis bullosa. It is particularly important to recognise those affected as individuals with their personal needs and to avoid unnecessary strains. Furthermore, emotional support is crucial in every respect.
Extrication following a motor vehicle collision: a consensus statement on behalf of The Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , Haldane Charlotte , Leech Caroline , Foote Emily , Todd Simon , Lockey David
Published: January 2025

Background

Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among young people globally, with motor vehicle collisions often resulting in severe injuries and entrapment. Traditional extrication techniques focus on limiting movement to prevent spinal cord injuries, but recent findings from the EXIT project challenge this approach. This paper presents updated recommendations from the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) that reflect the latest evidence on extrication practices.

Methods

A systematic scoping review identified 170 relevant articles from 7083 records. Findings, together with EXIT project data, informed the development of 12 core and supplemental statements on extrication. In April 2024, 43 subject matter experts from diverse backgrounds participated in a consensus process. Statements were discussed, voted on, and synthesised into the updated statement, ratified by FPHC.

Results

Consensus was achieved for all 12 statements, emphasising self-extrication as a preferred, primary approach, reducing extrication time, and moving away from absolute movement minimisation. The U-STEP OUT algorithm was endorsed as a decision-making tool. Key themes included interdisciplinary collaboration, use of operational and clinical decision aids, and enhanced training.

Conclusions

This consensus statement marks a paradigm shift in extrication practice, moving away from traditional movement minimisation to a focus on time-sensitive, patient-centred care. The findings advocate for empowering both clinical and non-clinical responders and improving interdisciplinary training and communication. Further research is needed to assess the broader implementation of this statement and to explore the psychological impacts of entrapment and extrication on patients.
Polysomnographic titration of non-invasive ventilation in motor neurone disease (3TLA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berlowitz David J. , Rowe Dominic , Howard Mark E. , Piper Amanda , Graco Marnie , Braat Sabine , Singh Bhajan , Souza Tanara Viera , Lannin Natasha , McLean Alistair , Sawyer Abbey , Carey Kate A. , Ahamed Yasmin ,   on behalf of the 3TLA Trial Group, Aickelin Uwe , Aiyappan Vinod , Chao Caroline , Curtin Deanne , Dalziel Kim , Hannan Liam , Holland Anne , Kiernan Matthew , Kosky Chris , Menadue Collette , Michael Chris , Rautela Linda , Sheean Bec , Szollosi Irene , Talman Paul , Thomas Gethin , Vucic Ostoja Steve , Wheatley John , Wu Peter
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established. However, uptake and usage are low (~ 19%) and there is no consensus on how to best implement NIV in MND in Australia. Consequently, clinical practice models are highly variable. Our team has recently provided evidence that specific and individualised NIV titration using a sleep study (polysomnography; PSG) leads to better outcomes in people with MND. However, for this clinical practice model to result in sustained benefits, evidence of effectiveness across multiple sites, as well as culture and practice change, must occur.

Methods

A two-arm, assessor-blinded, individual participant randomised controlled trial in MND care centres across Australia will be undertaken. Two-hundred and forty-four participants will be randomised (1:1) to either the intervention group (PSG-assisted commencement of NIV settings; PSG) or a control group (sham PSG). Participants will be asked to use their NIV device for 7 weeks and will then return for follow-up assessments. Respiratory, sleep and patient-reported outcome measures will be collected at baseline and follow-up. The primary aim is to determine if the proportion of participants using NIV for > 4 h/day during the intervention period is higher in the PSG than the control group. A process evaluation, health economic evaluation and 12-month cohort follow-up will be undertaken and reported separately.

Discussion

The results of this trial will demonstrate the effects of PSG-assisted titration of NIV on usage of NIV in people with MND. We hypothesise that the PSG intervention will improve synchrony between the user and the machine, which will lead to greater NIV usage compared to the control group.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05136222. Registered on November 25, 2021.