bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic fingerprinting as a powerful diagnostic tool to assess the effects of abiotic stress in plants and seeds
Authors: Uarrota Virgílio Gavicho , Garcia Jaquelini , de Andrade Gisiane Camargo , de Fátima Moreira de Bairros Ângela , Nerling Daniele , Stefen Deivid , Rocha Miguel , Maraschin Marcelo
Published: July 2020

Metabolomics is the analysis of an array of small-molecule metabolites known to be involved in a given biochemical pathway, and plant metabolism is perturbed by various abiotic stresses. In this review, basic definition of metabolomics, analytical tools used, metabolomic approaches, and how metabolomic techniques are used to assess the effects of abiotic stressors in plants and seeds are discussed. A brief summary shows that metabolomic techniques are powerful to dissect plant and seed responses to abiotic stress such as water, temperature, light, heavy metals, ions, salinity, and pollutants. It enables us to gain not only a comprehensive overview but also a detailed analysis of crucial components of plant and seed metabolic responses to abiotic stress, and it has proved to be a very important tool for the science and will continue making a contribution toward a better understanding of biological mechanisms that explain tolerance or susceptibility of plants and seeds to abiotic stress in the near future, which is being faced by increased climate changes.
High-performance liquid chromatographic profile and 1H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance analyses for quality control of a Xinjiang licorice extract
Authors: Miyazaki Atsumi , Eerdunbayaer  , Shiokawa Tsugumi , Tada Hiroko , Lian Yunhe , Taniguchi Shoko , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: July 2020

Various pharmacological properties of Xinjiang licorice flavonoids have been reported recently. We have investigated constituents corresponding to distinct peaks on the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of a flavonoid-rich extract from licorice, and identified 13 flavonoids, including licochalcone A (1), licochalcone B (3), glabrone (4), and echinatin (5), by isolating them and then performing high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. We then applied the 1H quantitative NMR (qNMR) method for analysis of major flavonoids, 1 and 3–5 in the extract. The 1H qNMR results were supported by 13C NMR analysis. The results demonstrated the utility of the combination of HPLC profiling and qNMR analyses for quality control of Xinjiang licorice. Additionally, we observed a moderate inhibitory effect of the most abundant constituent, licochalcone A (1), on acetylcholine esterase activity, suggesting utility as a seed for drug development.
The RNA‐binding protein hnRNPU regulates the sorting of microRNA‐30c‐5p into large extracellular vesicles
Authors: Zietzer Andreas , Hosen Mohammed Rabiul , Wang Han , Goody Philip Roger , Sylvester Marc , Latz Eicke , Nickenig Georg , Werner Nikos , Jansen Felix
Published: July 2020

The transfer of microRNAs (miRs) via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a functionally relevant mechanism of intercellular communication that regulates both organ homoeostasis and disease development. Little is known about the packaging of miRs into EVs. Previous studies have shown that certain miRs are exported by RNA‐binding proteins into small EVs, while for other miRs and for large EVs, in general, the export mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, a proteomic analysis of endothelial cell‐derived large EVs was performed, which revealed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) is abundantly present in EVs. EVs were characterized by electron microscopy, immunoblotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Taqman microRNA array and single qPCR experiments identified specific miR patterns to be exported into EVs in an hnRNPU‐dependent way. The specific role of hnRNPU for vesicular miR‐sorting was confirmed independently by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. In our study, miR‐30c‐5p was the miR whose export was most significantly regulated by hnRNPU. Mechanistically, in silico binding analysis showed that the export of miRs into EVs depends on the binding efficiency of the respective miRs to hnRNPU. Among the exported miRs, a significant enrichment of the sequence motif AAMRUGCU was detected as a potential sorting signal. Experimentally, binding of miR‐30c‐5p to hnRNPU was confirmed independently by RNA‐immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and reciprocally by miR‐pulldown. Nuclear binding of miR‐30c‐5p to hnRNPU and subsequent stabilization was associated with a lower cytoplasmatic abundance and consequently reduced availability for vesicular export. hnRNPU‐dependent miR‐30c‐5p export reduced cellular migration as well as pro‐angiogenic gene expression in EV‐recipient cells. In summary, hnRNPU retains miR‐30c‐5p and other miRs and thereby prevents their export into large EVs. The data presented provide a novel and functionally relevant mechanism of vesicular miR export.
Probing string-inspired gravity with the inspiral–merger–ringdown consistency tests of gravitational waves
Authors: Carson Zack , Yagi Kent
Published: July 2020

The extreme-gravity collisions between black holes allow us to probe the underlying theory of gravity. We apply a predictive forecast of the theory-agnostic inspiral–merger–ringdown consistency test to an example theory beyond general relativity for the first time, for future gravitational wave observations. Here we focus on the string-inspired Einstein-dilaton Gauss–Bonnet gravity and modify the inspiral, ringdown, and remnant black hole properties of the gravitational waveform. We found that future multiband observations allow us to constrain the theory stronger than current observations by an order of magnitude. The formalism developed here can easily be applied to other theories.
A kinetic model of continuous radiation damage to populations of cells: comparison to the LQ model and application to molecular radiotherapy
Authors: Neira Sara , Gago-Arias Araceli , Guiu-Souto Jacobo , Pardo-Montero Juan
Published: July 2020

The linear-quadratic (LQ) model to describe the survival of irradiated cells may be the most frequently used biomathematical model in radiotherapy. There has been an intense debate on the mechanistic origin of the LQ model. An interesting approach is that of obtaining LQ-like behavior from kinetic models, systems of differential equations that model the induction and repair of damage. Development of such kinetic models is particularly interesting for application to continuous dose rate therapies, such as molecular radiotherapy or brachytherapy. In this work, we present a simple kinetic model that describes the kinetics of populations of tumor cells, rather than lethal/sub-lethal lesions, which may be especially useful for application to continuous dose rate therapies, as in molecular radiotherapy. The multi-compartment model consists of a set of three differential equations. The model incorporates in an easy way different cross-interacting compartments of cells forming a tumor, and may be of especial interest for studying dynamics of treated tumors. In the fast dose delivery limit, the model can be analytically solved, obtaining a simple closed-form expression. Fitting of several surviving curves with both this solution and the LQ model shows that they produce similar fits, despite being functionally different. We have also investigated the operation of the model in the continuous dose rate scenario, firstly by fitting pre-clinical data of tumor response to 131I-CLR1404 therapy, and secondly by showing how damage repair and proliferation rates can cause a treatment to achieve control or not. Kinetic models like the one presented in this work may be of special interest when modeling response to molecular radiotherapy.
Traveling fronts in self-replicating persistent random walks with multiple internal states
Authors: Ishihara Keisuke , George Ashish B , Cornelius Ryan , Korolev Kirill S
Published: July 2020

Self-activation coupled to a transport mechanism results in traveling waves that describe polymerization reactions, forest fires, tumor growth, and even the spread of epidemics. Diffusion is a simple and commonly used model of particle transport. Many physical and biological systems are, however, better described by persistent random walks that switch between multiple states of ballistic motion. So far, traveling fronts in persistent random walk models have only been analyzed in special, simplified cases. Here, we formulate the general model of reaction-transport processes in such systems and show how to compute the expansion velocity for arbitrary number of states. For the two-state model, we obtain a closed-form expression for the velocity and report how it is affected by different transport and replication parameters. We also show that nonzero death rates result in a discontinuous transition from quiescence to propagation. We compare our results to a recent observation of a discontinuous onset of propagation in microtubule asters and comment on the universal nature of the underlying mechanism.
Compaction of dispersed granular material by a vibratory compactor with polyharmonic oscillation exciter
Authors: Morozov AV , Usoltsev VM
Published: July 2020

This paper addresses problems connected with machine engineering for compaction of powder materials by vibration. The authors present an engineering solution of disperse granular material compaction in pone operating cycle of a compacting equipment. The structural layout of a vibratory compactor involves a polyharmonic oscillation exciter. Some research findings on the compaction process of granular material with the proposed facility are given, and its efficiency is compared with a compacter with a harmonic oscillation exciter. The research shows the promising nature of this method, while the polyharmonic oscillation exciter expands the application range of vibratory equipment in many industries.
Geomechanical justification of geotechnical situation in coal extraction with highwall mining system
Authors: Neverov AA , Nikolsky AM , Tsymbalyuk TA
Published: July 2020

One of the most effective approaches to reduction of coal loss in open pit within ultimate limits is extraction of coal reserves from the pit walls and bottom using the highwall mining systems. The high efficiency of the method is conditioned by minimal capital cost and reuse of the existing geotechnical infrastructure. On the other hand, the safe application of this approach depends on the rock mass quality. In mining practice, the major application area of the highwall mining systems is pitwall rock mass of damping jointing. In this connection, this paper aims to estimate influence of rock mass quality on stability of pit wall and underground openings (rooms and pillars). The set problem is solved by the finite element modeling of geomechanical situation for standard conditions of an open pit coal mine. The novelty of the research consists in more comprehensive inclusion of rock mass lithology, jointing, deformation and strength characteristics, initial stress state and structural features of technology in the problem solution.
Validation of variants and structural parameters for mining systems for thin ore bodies
Authors: Shchukin SA , Konurin AI , Neverov SA
Published: July 2020

The current mining of thin and steeply dipping ore bodies features depth down to 700–1100 m below ground surface, increased dimension of various-purpose pillars and, as consequence, higher mineral loss and overall degradation of mining efficiency. In connection with this, it is urgent to find new mining systems as well as scientific approaches to validation of safe parameters of geotechnologies such that, depending on geological and geomechanical conditions, as well as on mineral value, minimize geotechnical risks and maintain competitiveness of production. The aim of this study is to determine safe parameters of open stoping technology for thin ore bodies in terms of the Irtysh complex ore mine. The key research methods are production planning and mathematical (numerical) stress–strain analysis and stability of structural elements in underground mines. The calculated parameters of pillars and stopes for open stoping ensure operating stoping in areas of steeply dipping or inclined ore bodies. Application of 3D mathematical modeling to geological and geomechanical conditions of an operating mine greatly expands the range of approaches and knowledge in complicated problem solving, which proves reliability and correctness of the results obtained for specific nonrecurring geotechnical situations.
Modeling the axially symmetric fracture evolution in deep-hole blasting
Authors: Sher EN
Published: July 2020

When blasting deep-hole charges in a brittle rock mass, rock disintegration mainly proceeds due to development of radial fractures induced by dramatic tensile azimuthal stresses in the vicinity of a charge and along its surface. Coincidently, appreciable tensile stresses are generated by blasting nearby ends of deep charges along their axes. Such stresses can initiate a rise and development of axially symmetric fractures. In the present paper the computational model is set forth for development of axially symmetric fractures nearby free surface in the vicinity of a charge end. Calculations of a fracture shape and size are reported.
Temperature effects on stress–strain behavior of underground openings in permafrost zone
Authors: Baryshnikov VD , Gakhova LN
Published: July 2020

The authors describe the research results on the temperature effects on the stress–strain behavior of rock mass around single openings driven in permafrost beyond the influence zone of stoping. The variation patterns of stresses and displacements in rock mass and at the boundary of an underground opening are found depending on its operating life and ventilation air temperature. In terms of the Aikhal mine of ALROSA, it is shown that in an opening at a depth of 350 m, given its ventilation temperature is 20 deg for 3 years, the vertical convergence is comparable with elastic displacements caused by the opening driving. An approach is proposed to determining rock stability category based on expected displacements of an opening during its ventilation. The research results are meant for guidelines and regulatory documents on justification of mine support designs in permafrost zone.
Determination of nonuniform stress field and rheological properties by caliper log measurements
Authors: Skulkin AA , Nazarova LA , Rubtsova EV
Published: July 2020

The authors formulate and solve the problem on finding nonuniform stress field and effective viscosity in the plane oriented orthogonally to a borehole axis drilled in rocks with rheological properties by the data of caliper logging using a viscoelastic model. From the numerical research with artificial input data, the effective viscosity range is determined, and the testing time such that the problem has the unique solution is found.
A tool for gas dynamic logging in drainage holes
Authors: Serdyukov SV
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the design and specifications of a modular down-the-hole logging tool to analyze gas dynamics in horizontal uncased drainage holes drilled from roadways. The tool incorporates a pneumatic push bar to advance the tool in the hole together with air hose and electric cable, an electro-drive air control, inflatable removable sealer and a flow rate for gas flow from a sealed section of a hole to its mouth. The author gives recommendations on using the tool in coal mines.
Background for engineering a continuous-operation soil drifter
Authors: Tishchenko IV
Published: July 2020

The paper discusses the feasibility of combining compaction and excavation processes in hole making. The continuous loop of hole-making and soil removal from hole pipe by compressed air return flow is proposed. Usability of an air hammer drill with elastic valve in the air distribution system in capacity of a drifter motor is examined. Using a physical dimension model with piston 4 kg in weight, the author refines energy and frequency performance of the pulse generator given the backpressure in the exhaust chamber. The experimental curves of the percussion capacity parameters are obtained.
Expansion of application range of pneumatic hammers with adjustable impact effect
Authors: Chervov VV
Published: July 2020

The author reviews briefly existing machines for trenchless laying of underground utilities and vertical driving of steel elements in soil. For a pneumatic hammer with ring and inertia valves for driving different diameter pipes, arrangement and operating principles are described. Powerful longitudinal forces generated by shocks ensure destruction of solid rocks or compaction of soil in the zone of hole-making. These forces can be used in implementation of other technologies as well. For instance, maintenance and rehabilitation of oil well centrifugal pumps, which requires complete disassembling of the machine. For taking of many parts (impellers and guide vanes) out of a hole (a pipe), a pneumatic hammer with piston weight of 40 kg was tested. Another application area of pneumatic hammers can be stimulation of caking material unloading from railway cars using a vibropercussion plant driven by pneumatic puncher. Replacement of the latter by a pneumatic hammer of the same size and performance can enhance efficiency of the process.
Ground control with backfill and caving in deep-level mining of gently dipping ore bodies
Authors: Vasichev SYu
Published: July 2020

The research aims to solve the relevant problem of ground control through the combination of backfill and caving in complicated geomechanical conditions of stoping in thick and gently dipping ore bodies with reliable support of overlying rocks. This problem is conditioned by the absence of data of ground control using a combination of mining methods with caving and cemented backfill, which attracts scientific interest and needs a deep insight. The problem was solved by means of finding regular patterns in stress distribution in different modulus rock mass and based on the sound selection of parameters for ore and artificial pillars, including shape and size of caving zone, such that to ensure stability of undermined rock strata, using the finite element method. It is found that alteration of trapezoid-shaped areas mined out by backfill with caving, as well as making more accurate dome of natural equilibrium in the roof caving zone improves mining safety.
Time variations in physicomechanical and acoustic properties of granite irradiated by accelerated electrons
Authors: Rostovtsev VI
Published: July 2020

In earlier R&D works executed at IM SB RAS the optimal dose of the granite treatment with accelerated electrons was experimentally established. It equals 10 kGy, this doze causes weakening of granite strength under uniaxial compression from 68.33 to 35.08 MPa, deformation modulus reduces from 13.19 to 7.04 GPa. This pretreatment permits to lower the compressive energy of granite core disintegration from 7.68 to 3.06 J and the crushing energy from 700.42 to 470.88 J. Of specific technological importance is dynamics of chronological variations in mineral properties after pretreatment of minerals with accelerated electrons. The present research aim is to study chronological variations in properties of granite, conventionally associated with deposits of such valuable elements, as Au, Sn, W, Mo, Li, Be, Rb, Bi, etc. The complex experiments on granite revealed that after a granite specimen is subjected to the high-energy electron irradiation, the increase in an absorbed dose causes first reduction in P- and S-waves velocities, then P- and S-wave velocities are growing and later again slowing down. The established experimental regularities of variations in granite properties relate to granite imperfections, specified by memory of the study rock. The most substantial variations in P- and S-waves velocities in the pretreated granite-core specimens within time interval up to 5360 hours after the irradiation are recorded for the adsorbed dose equal to 10 kGy. The established increase in P- and S-waves velocities versus a time interval after granite-core treatment with the adsorbed dose of more than 10 kGy could indicate a reduction in number of available imperfections and a probable strengthening of the study mineral material. Scientific novelty of the present research concerns the determination of chronological variations in granite properties and the beneficial feasibility to use the mineral weakening effect of in mineral processing operations.
Modern techniques to process Eastern Transbaikalia zeolite-bearing rock
Authors: Razmakhnin KK , Khatkova AN
Published: July 2020

Technological research results are used to substantiate the selection of an optimal technique to process zeolite-bearing rocks of Eastern Transbaikalia origin. The feasibility is established to improve appreciably a grade of zeolite-bearing materials by employing the target-action physical, physicochemical and energy techniques.
D-shape Fiber Coated with Indium Tin Oxide for Temperature Sensor Application
Authors: Nizamani B , Abdul Khudus M I M , Hanafi E , Harun S W
Published: July 2020

We designed a temperature sensor by using a D-shape fiber coated with indium tin oxide as a sensing probe. D-shape fiber was fabricated out of conventional single mode fiber by a homemade setup using wheel polishing technique. Insertion loss of D-shape fiber was about 3.5 dB. ITO was deposited over the D-shape fiber by electron-beam deposition technique to have precise deposition of 60nm thin film over the D-shape region of fiber to be utilized as a sensor. It is observed that the transmitted power increased with the increase in temperature with a sensitivity of 0. 0013 dBm/°C. The proposed sensor also provides a good linearity and stability.
Use of Software Engineering on the Project Implementation Schedule of Lamreung Limpok Bridge
Authors: Muhyi Abdul , Hamzi Miftahul , Busra
Published: July 2020

The development of technology is growing along with the time. It affects on development of construction management which several application programs are offered to facilitate construction management in term of implementing schedule and project data. The application program had facilitated the management to entry project data, manage project activities, project reports and control of project activities on lamreung limpok bridge, Lamgapang, Aceh besar, Aceh, Indonesia. The bridge incurred the expense of Rp.27.179.501.000.00 which it was supported by Aceh government budget 2018. The bridge connected the area of ulee kareng and limpok which the duration of project was 141 working days. This project consisted of 8 parameters in the activity that is the general work, drainage, work relate to land, aggregate pavement, asphalt pavement, structure, finishig, and maintenance. The issue of this study was the reach of project implementation schedule. This study will redesign the project schedule with the use of Microsoft Project 2013, The result showed that the duration of project was 122 working. Furthermore, the Gantt Chartand PDM had referred to the standard.
Pore Pressure Prediction using Anfis Method on Well and Seismic Data Field “Ayah”
Authors: Andrian D , Rosid M S , Septyandy M R
Published: July 2020

Nowadays oil and gas industries are focusing in production and development where well drilling is common and often done. One among many aspects need to be considered for drilling safety is pore pressure prediction. There are so many methods used in prediction the pressure including machine learning ANN but no one has ever done this with ANFIS which is combination of ANN and FIS machine learning. This study wants to use ANFIS for making a pore pressure distribution in 2D seismic data with 70% accuracy. Both pre-stack and post-stack seismic data are used here with well and RFT measurement. The modified Eaton-Azadpour and Eaton are two methods that applied to predict pore pressure. The methods are considered to be good in prediction pore pressure as they accommodate the rocks condition during drilling. The well parameters models are then distributed with ANFIS to find its correlation with P-impedance, S-impedance and density so we may find its distribution in 2D seismic data. The result shows that pore pressures are distributed very well but still need another study to give information regarding drilling safety.
The Implementation of Augmented Reality in Increasing Student Motivation: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Saadon Nur Farah Syuhada Mohamad , Ahmad Ibrahim , Hanapi Ahmad Naim Chee Pee @ Che
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of augmented reality in increasing student motivation. A systematic literature review was conducted in March 2018 and updated in January 2019. This paper includes a literature review of relevant research of motivation in augmented reality since in year 2013. The object of research is the augmented reality, and the subject is the student motivation. As a result of the study, it has been found that augmented reality gives a positive result in increasing student motivation. The study show that augmented reality has a potential to have a significant demand to increase student motivation in learning and therefore the need to develop an appropriate tool to keep up student motivation in learning at schools and universities. Results have shown that students that used augmented reality is more confidence and show higher learning motivation in learning.
Intelligent System of Automatic Shrimp Feeding
Authors: Novianda N , Liza F , Ahmad I
Published: July 2020

Feeding on shrimp culture is important to the shrimp growth process so that the expected yields are achieved. Feeding must be balanced and timely, there are no advantages or disadvantages in feeding because all the feed provided is not necessarily completely consumed by shrimp, therefore it is necessary to have technology that can control shrimp feeding. Automatic shrimp feed technology can be a solution to the problem of feeding to support the productivity of shrimp culture. Automatic shrimp feeder is built using an arduino microcontroller module, RTC module (Real Time Clock), and feed throwing system. The shrimp feeding method with the working principle of shrimp feeder is shrimp feed thrown horizontally due to centrifugal force. With the influence of the centrifugal force from the propeller spreader, the feed will be thrown throughout the surface of the pond. Feeding is controlled using Arduino by setting the time. Shrimp feeding is done every 4 hours and the appliance is on for 7 minutes to spread 10 kg of feed for the number of shrimps 1,500 and the width of kolan 400 m2 with a minimum throwing distance of feed 1 meter and a maximum of 7 meters.
Refining Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon Nardus L) by Utilizing Sunlight Using Solar Cells (Photovoltaics)
Authors: Safitri N , Syahputra R , Putri K Y , Rihayat T , Nurhanifa
Published: July 2020

Sunlight is one of the very abundant energy. In its use, many things can be applied such as converting the sunlight into electrical energy with the help of solar cells. In this research, 4 solar cells are used with a capacity of 1000 wp, so in a day they are able to produce 28,000 watts of electricity. This is a very potential electrical energy because it is commonly used to facilitate the process of refining essential oils. The results and the quality of oil obtained in refining research by utilizing sunlight using solar cells shows that the refining time of 6 hours is the best time for the refining process, while the 1 day drying time is better than 2 and 3 days. This is consistent with the oil yield obtained. The yield that has been produced is tested based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2385-2006 through density and Bias Index tests.
Detection of Empty Slots in Car Parking System Using Neural Network Method
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad , Fadillah Nurul , Gunawan C R , Mursyidah Mursyidah
Published: July 2020

There are many transportation equipment such as a car, a motorbike in Indonesia. Increasing the volume of vehicle users will increase parking activities in every public place. Parking is a condition of a vehicle that is not temporary. The current parking system still uses a conventional parking system that only uses parking lots and parking attendants who control each vehicle that enters, and often do not pay attention to the capacity of parking space that has been provided and often drivers go around first to find an empty parking lot. Therefore, detection of empty slots in the parking system is needed. To obtain this information, this study using a neural network method. The neural network is one of the information processing systems designed by imitating the workings of the human brain in problem-solving. The purpose of this research is to determine which car parking slots filled or empty parking slots. The results of detection of car parking slots using a neural network method were carried out experiments on 20 objects with as many as 12 slots and with three slots that are rectangles, squares, and traingles. In the square slot with an area of 784 cm2 get accuracy results 100%, rectangular slots with an area of 3.608 cm2 obtained accuracy 95% and a traingle slot with an area of 1.804 cm2 obtained an accuracy 90%.
Q-switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Saturable Absorber
Authors: Huda C , Yasin M , Harun SW , Jafry A A A , Rosol A H A
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the generation of Q-Switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by employing a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyvinyl alcohol (MWCNTs-PVA) as a saturable absorber (SA). The SA was prepared by embedding MWCNTs into PVA via stirring and ultrasonication. A stable Q-Switched pulse train operating at 1559.4 nm was successfully generated by employing MWCNTs-PVA SA into a laser cavity. The repetition rate and pulse width of the laser were 52.85-151.9 kHz and 6.313-2.395 μs, respectively. The maximum output power and maximum peak power obtained are 52 μW and 142.94 μW, respectively at a pump power of 63 mW. This demonstration proves that the MWCNTs-PVA based SA is suitable for the generation of Q-Switched fiber laser at 1.55 μm region.
Analysis of the Effect of Frame Variations on Improving the Quality of Streaming Network Services on the Local Network
Authors: Atthariq  , Mursydah  , Azhar
Published: July 2020

The quality of network services on streaming services is influenced by several aspects, one of which is the quality of the video used, the variation of frames and the right video format in streaming communication is expected to improve the quality of streaming services. In this study using IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN devices as transmission media and 2-layer switches. The switch will classify incoming data packets at the input port based on access-list here incoming packets will be defined and marked according to the access-list attachment that will give priority so that higher-class packages will be prioritized first. This research uses HTTP protocol in streaming communication with H264 / MPEG-2 video format and frames 320}576 pixels, 352}576 pixels, 426}284pixel, 544}576pixel and 704}576pixel. In this study using WireShark as a data analysis tool and service quality on streaming networks. From the test results obtained an average delay of 86.14484 ms for MPEG-2 video codec with a resolution of 426×284 pixels 25 fps. The jitter of 13,96518221 ms, packet loss of 15.22%.
Different Techniques of Rooftile BIPV System Implementation: Materials and Constructions
Authors: Safitri Nelly , Syahyadi Rizal , Rizal Faisal , Yassir
Published: July 2020

Roof integrated systems which are integrating photovoltaic (PV) modules into rooftiles now become a trend of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology. BIPV refers to PV that are integrated into the building envelope (such as facade or roof) to generate clean and environmental-friendly electricity from the sun radiation. The architectural integration of PV collector modules in new construction makes possible to create glazed surfaces which, besides being an aesthetical and functional innovation, generate electricity, that is allowing the realization of solar control and electric range with consequent energy savings. However, up until now, there have been limited studies that analyzed BIPV from the materials and constructions point of views. This paper aims to expose rooftop BIPV materials that further might be used to replace conventional rooftiles such as terracotta or slate, concrete, plastic, and clay tiles. The flat rooftiles of monocrystalline- and polycrystalline-based BIPV cells are being considered in this paper. Their benefits and drawbacks are also put into account. The parameters that were compared are materials, physical constructions, installations and performances at all weather conditions. All the comparisons of those rooftiles that have been made turned out to meet the modern households’ aesthetical, energy and costs saving.
Effect of the Seeding Thickness on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods prepared by CBD
Authors: Rosli N , Halim M M , Hashim M R , Maryam W , Rusdi M F M , Muhammad A R
Published: July 2020

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructure (NS), with nanorods (NRs) forward-facing alignment were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method on seeded glass substrates. Two different ZnO seed layer thickness, 100 nm and 200 nm, prepared by RF sputtering were employed to investigate the effect of seed layer thickness on the characteristics of the grown ZnO NRs. The investigations on physical, structural, and optical properties were carried out through field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with integrated energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV and visible (UV-Vis) analyses. The morphological results reveal that with a thicker seed layer, the grown NRs diameter increased double while the NRs height was maintained at 1.5 μm. From EDX, the stoichiometric ratios of Zn:O were mostly towards 1:1. While the XRD evaluates that the preferred structure was wurtzite hexagonal with c-axis orientation along (002) plane. The UV-Vis analysis showed the increased in optical band gap energy closes to the bulk ZnO at 3.37 eV, for the ZnO NRs grown on the thicker seed layer. The obtained results illustrated high quality single-crystal ZnO NRs with different diameters were realized by only adjusting the seed layer thickness.
Impact of production wells operational changes on high-viscosity oil recovery
Authors: Almukhametova E M
Published: July 2020

As light oil reserves are developed, the share of heavy high-viscosity oil (HVO) reserves, which are considered difficult to recover, increases in the total balance of oil reserves. Therefore, the future of the oil industry is inevitably linked to the development of highly viscous heavy oil deposits. Today, according to various estimates, epy reserves of high-viscosity oil and bitumen range from 790 billion tons to 1 trillion tons. This is more than 5 times more than the residual recoverable reserves of low and average viscosity oil. The world experience of developing high-viscosity oil deposits shows that the cost-effective development of most of them is limited due to low efficiency of oil wells and low oil recovery achieved through natural operation mode or flooding. If the first of these problems is successfully solved in recent times by drilling horizontal and multilateral wells, the second one requires the introduction of various technologies to influence the formation (thermal methods, miscible displacement, etc.), which are not always highly efficient. In this work we will consider the impact of changing the operation modes of production wells on the production of high-viscosity oil reserves on the example of the Northern Buzachi field (Republic of Kazakhstan).
Efficient operation of oil producing wells in non-stationary fluid withdrawal mode
Authors: Gorshkova K L , Alaeva N N , Sitdikova I P
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the efficient non-stationary well operating mode during fluid withdrawal. In this well operating mode, the optimal pump switching periods are identified to increase the oil flow rate and reduce the water content of the fluid. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of pilot production wells operation. A descriptive method was used during the study, which involved analysis of the reservoir-well-pump system transient phenomena on a simulation stand, interpretation of transient graphs, comparison and synthesis of the results. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of transient pressure changes on the simulation stand for different pump operating modes. The results of the research have shown that the pressure change depends on the pump operating mode, i.e. reservoir characteristics depend on the change in the hydraulic resistance of the reservoir-well-pump system.
Four-way shell-and-tube heater with ultrasonic generator
Authors: Sidina D , Vakhitova R , Kuneevsky V
Published: July 2020

This article offers a heat-exchanger of improved design which allows reducing time between overhauls and maintenance. Since to date, the challenge of providing enterprises and public utility installations with heat-transfer media of required parameters is the most pressing. The collection chamber is equipped with a variable frequency ultrasonic radiator. Bays are installed with the possibility of extracting them. The case is made as one-piece and enclosing all bays. Heat exchange sections are made in the form of sectors. The dividers are equipped with windows that provide the flow of the annular medium in the opposite direction to the flow of the pipe medium. Tests were conducted on a four-way shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The heater was disassembled and inspected, after inspection it was found that scale on the heating surface was completely absent. As a result of the analysis, we can conclude that the design efficiency of the four-way shell-and-tube heater. When working on soft water and ultrasonic protection, there is no carbonate scale on the heating surface. When developing a combined vertical heat exchanger, a comparison was made with high-speed water sectional heat exchangers. The task of creating a simple and cheap design of the heat exchanger was performed by simplifying the design of the heat exchange sections and reducing the metal consumption. The stated technical problem was solved by improving the multi-pass heat exchanger with an ultrasonic emitter, which has a casing and heat-exchange sections in the form of tube bundles with tube sheets at the ends.
Forecasting technical state and efficiency of electrical switching devices at electric complexes in oil and gas industry
Authors: Tabachnikova T V , Gracheva E I , Naumov O V , Gorlov A N
Published: July 2020

This work is topical, since it allows predicting the physical state of the contact joints of low-voltage switching devices and to avoid their destruction, which occurs due to mechanical and chemical effects on the contacts during operation, leading to an increase in the transition resistance and overheating of the contacts. The following criteria were adopted as serviceability criteria for the contact connections of switching devices: the maximum temperature of their heating, the maximum value of the resistance of the pole of the device and its parts, as well as the excess of the temperature of the contact heated part over the ambient temperature. The authors obtained graphs of the dependence of the resistance value of the contact connections of magnetic starters and circuit breakers on the ambient temperature and load factor. The article determines the analytical dependence of the resistance of the magnetic starter contact connections on the ambient temperature. It also features mathematical models that take into account various operating conditions of switching devices, the input values of which are refined using regression analysis.
Results of mathematical modeling of the mud pump electric drive operation with the compensation unit in the circuit
Authors: Tabachnikova T V , Shvetskova L V
Published: July 2020

The mathematical model was developed for the mud pump electric drive with an individual compensation unit in a bypass circuit, which allows simulating the electric drive operation during the start and in steady-state modes with and without regard to the individual compensation unit. The mathematical model of the electric drive of the mud pump was developed with the aim of increasing the reliability and continuity of the drilling rig technological process in case of failure of the frequency-controlled converter of the electric drive. The use of the electric drive parameters given in relative units in a mathematical model allows replicating the obtained simulation results for other modifications of the pump electric drive. It is proved that when an individual compensating unit is included in the electric drive circuit, it reduces the loss of active power in the cable line and overhead line, and helps to increase the efficiency of the mud pump. The simulation results showed the boundary parameters of the dependent and independent variable parameters of the distribution electric network, at which the start-up of the electric drive of the mud pump is completed successfully.
Statistical analysis of dynamics of decrease in oil production after well interventions
Authors: Zagitova L R
Published: July 2020

The paper is based on the theoretical aspects of studying the success of oil production projects. To conduct clustering based on the empirical data from the producing well stock, a classifier has been compiled describing the types of interventions in 2013-2018. The selection of indicators was carried out on the basis of theoretical qualitative analysis. The following statistical indicators were included in the study information base: well profile, well diameter, field, horizon, and oil flow rate. The dynamics of the oil flow rate is translated into a comparable form using time synchronization. Since the initial attribute space is represented in various units of measurement, in order to ensure comparability, at the stage of formation of information array, standardization of indicators was carried out to the maximum. The interventions revealed the following combinations of factors which showed the greatest effect in terms of growth and total oil production: well profile, well diameter, field, as well as critical factors that can be interpreted as factors of ineffective interventions. The obtained factors were verified by various methods of multivariate statistical data analysis. The author suggests conclusions and recommendations for the most efficient interventions in oil wells.
Bypassing annular gas by means of jet device in oil wells with electric submersible pumping units
Authors: Saracheva D , Vakhitova R , Ivanov A
Published: July 2020

Nowadays the main equipment for oil production is the installation of electric centrifugal pumps. When operating oil wells with such installations, various complicating factors arise, in particular, the accumulation of free gas in the space between the outer surface of the tubing and the casing string. The experience of the ESP unit operation shows the negative impact of high gas pressure in the annular space on the efficiency of the unit. The technical solutions available today for the wells characterized by high GOR are the different types of valves, which have a number of operational shortcomings. To improve the efficiency of oil well operation, the authors suggest a jet device to bypass free gas above the dynamic level, thus reducing the gas pressure in annular space. The solution of the problem of reducing the negative effect of excess free gas in annular space is based on the study of experimental data from oilfields by using up-to-date information technology. The technology using a jet device in combination with a submersible electric centrifugal pump is proposed. The use of the jet apparatus enables reducing the gas pressure in the annular space of oil-producing wells even regardless of the discharge pressure and external ambient temperature, which increases the operating efficiency of the electric submersible pumping unit.
Evaluation of efficiency of the “K” welded repair technology of marine stationary platform with account ofaccumulated damages
Authors: Starokon I V
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the problems associated with calculating the residual life of welded joints of offshore stationary platforms using the example of “K” -type joints. It should be noted that the residual life of such repaired compounds is still not well understood. The author built computer models of offshore platforms, which made it possible to determine the values of the maximum amplitudes of the alternating stresses that arise during the operation of the platform. Based on this information, the author justified the conditions of the experiment. The article describes the method of repairing a crack by the method of its welding with the establishment of so-called “crack traps” along the edges of the crack. The experiment was carried out under conditions of primary and repeated fracture of the welded joint “K” – type. As a result of the studies for the described repair technology, the endurance limits of the repaired K-type welded joints were calculated, which is 13.3 MPa based on the cycle Ng = 3 * 106.
Wear evaluation methods for friction units of aircraft GTE oil systems: the lab-based methods
Authors: Hodunaev A Y
Published: July 2020

The problems before reliable wear evalution using traditional lab based methods, such as ferrography, x-ray and spectrography, are discussed. One of those problems is that only a subset of wear debris features is measured by each method, which does not allow one to determine wear type. Filter sample analysis technology must be developed, because oil sample is devoid of diagnostic information due to fine filtration. The solution to aforementioned problems is proposed in the form of a newly developing microwave plasma method.
Time Difference Calculation Settings for Very Short Term Electric Load Forecasting Using Interval Type-1 Fuzzy Inference System (IT-1 FIS)
Authors: Jamaaluddin  , Robandi Imam , Anshory Izza
Published: July 2020

Very short term electricity load forecasting (VSTLF) is done the day before forecasting every 30 minutes. This forecasting is imperative about the planning of operating plants, which are carried out in maintenance and related to economic considerations. This forecasting refers to the loading of electricity in a particular area and time. Very short-term electricity loading in the past few years has been used to predict the electricity load shortly. One method used for forecasting very short loads is using IT-1 FIS. In IT-1-FIS, the dataset is made by looking at the imposition of electricity on certain days at certain hours of the previous year. The data that calculate time difference forecast Friday 4th used Friday 3rd, 2nd, and 1st at the same hour and month of the past year. In this study, it proposed that the calculation of Time difference forecasting the 4th Friday be used data Thursday 4th, 4th Wednesday, 4th Tuesday. After entering into IT-1-FIS, the forecasting error result is 0,6123 %. This value is higher than if you use the time difference on Friday 3rd, 2nd, and 1st, which has a forecast error value of 0,4695 %. So it can be concluded that the time difference setting is very influential in the process of calculating forecasts, and the use of time difference data with the use of Friday data 3rd, 2nd, and 1st is better.