bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and luminosity models for heavy-ion operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Bruce R. , Jebramcik M. A. , Jowett J. M. , Mertens T. , Schaumann M.
Published: July 2021

A good understanding of the luminosity performance in a collider, as well as reliable tools to analyse, predict, and optimise the performance, is of great importance for the successful planning and execution of future runs. In this article, we present two different models for the evolution of the beam parameters and the luminosity in heavy-ion colliders. The first, Collider Time Evolution is a particle tracking code, while the second, the Multi-Bunch Simulation is based on the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations for beam parameters. As a benchmark, we compare simulations and data for a large number of physics fills in the 2018 Pb–Pb run at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), finding excellent agreement for most parameters, both between the simulations and with the measured data. Both codes are then used independently to predict the performance in future heavy-ion operation, with both Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions, at the LHC and its upgrade, the high-luminosity LHC. The use of two independent codes based on different principles gives increased confidence in the results.
Analysing Mission-critical Cyber-physical Systems with AND/OR Graphs and MaxSAT
Authors: Barrère Martín , Hankin Chris
Published: July 2021

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) often involve complex networks of interconnected software and hardware components that are logically combined to achieve a common goal or mission; for example, keeping a plane in the air or providing energy to a city. Failures in these components may jeopardise the mission of the system. Therefore, identifying the minimal set of critical CPS components that is most likely to fail, and prevent the global system from accomplishing its mission, becomes essential to ensure reliability. In this article, we present a novel approach to identifying the
Most Likely Mission-critical Component Set (MLMCS)
using AND/OR dependency graphs enriched with independent failure probabilities. We address the MLMCS problem as a Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem. We translate probabilities into a negative logarithmic space to linearise the problem within MaxSAT. The experimental results conducted with our open source tool LDA4CPS indicate that the approach is both effective and efficient. We also present a case study on complex aircraft systems that shows the feasibility of our approach and its applicability to mission-critical cyber-physical systems. Finally, we present two MLMCS-based security applications focused on system hardening and forensic investigations.
IFT88 deficiency in proximal tubular cells exaggerates cisplatin-induced injury by suppressing autophagy
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Zhuang Shougang , Dong Zheng
Published: July 2021

Almost every cell has one hair-like, nonmotile antenna projecting from the cell surface, named the primary cilium. In kidney tubular cells, the primary cilium has a protective role, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study shows that a short cilium leads to the suppression of autophagy, which is responsible for the heightened injury sensitivity. These findings provide the clues of how to manipulate primary cilium and autophagy to save kidneys.
Phototoxicity of Ultraviolet‐A against the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci and Its Compatibility with an Entomopathogenic Fungus and Whitefly Parasitoid
Authors: Khan Muhammad Musa , Fan Ze-Yun , O’Neill Rothenberg Dylan , Peng Jing , Hafeez Muhammad , Chen Xin-Yi , Pan Hui-Peng , Wu Jian-Hui , Qiu Bao-Li
Published: July 2021

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly affects insect life and, as a result, has been widely used to control different invertebrate pests. The current results demonstrate that when Bemisia tabaci first instar nymphs are exposed to UV‐A light for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, their developmental and biological parameters are negatively affected by UV‐A exposure; the effect increased with an increase in exposure time. We hypothesized that UV‐A light is compatible with other biological control agents. Results showed that when the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea was applied to third instar nymphs of B. tabaci previously exposed to UV‐A light, the LC50 was 3.4% lower after 72 h of exposure to UV‐A light compared to the control. However, when the fungus was exposed to UV‐A light, its virulence decreased with an increase in UV‐A exposure time. The parasitism rate of Encarsia formosa against 24 h UV‐A‐exposed third instar nymphs of B. tabaci increased while the adult emergence from parasitized nymphs was not affected after UV‐A light exposure. Parasitism rate was significantly reduced however following E. formosa exposure to UV‐A light; but again, adult emergence was not affected from parasitized nymphs. The percentage mortality of E. formosa increased with increasing exposure time to UV‐A light. The enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, GST, and AChE and the energy reserve contents were negatively affected due to UV‐A exposure. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that UV‐A light significantly suppresses the immune system of B. tabaci and that UV‐A light is compatible with other biological control agents if it is applied separately from the biological agent.
Cytokine/Chemokine/Growth Factor Profiles Contribute to Understanding the Pathogenesis of the Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Patients
Authors: Morawska K. , Maciejczyk M. , Zięba S. , Popławski Ł. , Kita-Popławska A. , Krętowski J. , Zalewska A.
Published: July 2021

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. It is suggested that, in addition to thyroid gland dysfunction, HT is responsible for impaired secretion from the salivary glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction. We also assessed the relationship between the levels of selected cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and the rate of UWS secretion and symptoms of xerostomia in HT patients. The study group consisted of 25 female patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease in its spontaneous euthyroid state who had never received hormonal treatment. In more than half of the examined patients, we observed the level of UWS secretion below 0.2 mL/min, indicating impaired secretory function of the salivary glands. Moreover, we demonstrated that the clinical symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction worsen with disease duration. Nevertheless, the inflammatory changes occurring in these glands are independent of general inflammation in the course of HT. Our results clearly indicate an abnormal profile of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the UWS of HT euthyroid women as well as the fact that concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1 as well as INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 may be potential biomarkers for salivary gland dysfunction in the course of HT. Furthermore, salivary IL-12 (p40) may be helpful in assessing the progression of autoimmunity-related inflammation in the course of HT. In conclusion, secretory dysfunction of the salivary glands is closely related to autoimmunity-related inflammation in the course of HT, which leads to objective and subjective symptoms of dry mouth.
Characterization of Air Void in Porous Asphalt Mixture Using Image Techniques and Permeability Test
Authors: Tang Zhongping , Huang Fanglin
Published: July 2021

In this study, air void contents and distributions of porous asphalt mixtures along the vertical and horizontal directions were quantitatively measured on planar images. Air void contents were determined using some image techniques; while the permeability was measured by the falling head test. Two aggregate gradations (G1 and G2) and three blow numbers (30, 40, and 50) were chosen to explore the effects of gradation and compaction effort on the porosity and permeability. Results showed that porosities and permeabilities are symmetrically distributed along the middle of the specimens; the porosities and permeabilities got the minimum values around the middle zone. A finer gradation or a significant compaction effort generally led to a lower porosity and permeability coefficient. In the horizontal direction, the air void content showed an increasing trend from the outside layer to the inner layer, indicating the nonuniformity of porosity distribution.
Effect of Common Culinary Methods Practiced in Sri Lanka on the Nutrient Composition of Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Other Foods
Authors: Dewangani H. G. N. , Jayawardena B. M. , Chandrasekara N. V. , Wijayagunaratne H. D. S. P.
Published: July 2021

In Sri Lankan traditional cooking, coconut and spices are incorporated to enhance the taste, flavor, and aroma. However, little attention has been given to assess the effect of these ingredients on the nutritional and chemical composition of the consumed food. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of traditional cooking methods on the chemical composition of vegetables, cereals and cereal-based foods, legumes, and selected nonvegetarian food varieties consumed in the daily diet. The results indicate that the addition of coconut milk (CM), coconut scraps, and coconut oil (CO) had a significant impact on the fat content of the prepared foods (

p
<
0.05

). Cooking facilitated the incorporation of fat into food. According to the results, more percentage increases of fat content were observed in tempered string beans (97.51%) and cauliflower milk curry (96.6%). Data revealed that boiling helped to reduce the fat content in cereals and legumes. The cooked foods prepared using traditional recipes with CM, CO, or scraps have higher nutritional content than raw foods and have a significant nourishing potential that meets the daily energy requirements (

p
<
0.05

). It can be concluded that the chemical composition of cooked food serves as a more realistic guideline in recommending dietary interventions in disease and weight management.
Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis of Molecular Signatures and Mechanistic Pathways in the Cell Cycle Underlying Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhou Zhike , Bai Jun , Zhong Shanshan , Zhang Rongwei , Kang Kexin , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Ying , Zhao Chuansheng , Zhao Mei
Published: July 2021

Objective. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with cell cycle reentry of mature neurons that subsequently undergo degeneration. This study is aimed to identify key regulators of the cell cycle and their underlying pathways for developing optimal treatment of AD. Methods. RNA sequencing data were profiled to screen for differentially expressed genes in the cell cycle. Correlation of created modules with AD phenotype was computed by weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Signature genes for trophic factor receptors were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. Results. Among the 13,679 background genes, 775 cell cycle genes and 77 trophic factor receptors were differentially expressed in AD versus nondementia controls. Four coexpression modules were constructed by WGCNA, among which the turquoise module had the strongest correlation with AD. According to PCC analysis, 10 signature trophic receptors most strongly interacting with cell cycle genes were filtered and subsequently displayed in the global regulatory network. Further cross‐talking pathways of signature receptors, such as glutamatergic synapse, long‐term potentiation, PI3K‐Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, were identified. Conclusions. Our findings highlighted the mechanistic pathways of signature trophic receptors in cell cycle perturbation underlying AD pathogenesis, thereby providing new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Selective Cytotoxicity of Single and Dual Anti-CD19 and Anti-CD138 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer Cells against Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Luanpitpong Sudjit , Poohadsuan Jirarat , Klaihmon Phatchanat , Issaragrisil Surapol
Published: July 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the first line of defense that rapidly respond to malignant transformed cells. Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) engineered NK cells, although are still at the preliminary stage, have been shown to be alternative to CAR-T cells, mainly due to the absence of graft-versus-host disease and safer clinical profile. Allogeneic human NK cell line NK-92 cells, equipped by CAR, are being developed for clinical applications. Herein, we designed third-generation CARs, optimized the production protocol, and generated CAR-NK-92 cells, targeting CD19 and/or CD138 antigens that employ CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ signaling, with >80% CAR expression, designated as CD19-NK-92, CD138-NK-92, and dual-NK-92 cells. The generated CAR-NK-92 cells displayed high and selective cytotoxicity toward various corresponding leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro. Multitargeting approach using a mixture of CD19-NK-92 and CD138-NK-92 cells was also evaluated at various ratios to test the idea of personalized formulation to match the patients’ antigen expression profile. Our data indicate that increasing the ratio of CD19-NK-92 to CD138-NK-92 could improve NK cytotoxicity in leukemia cells with a relatively higher expression of CD19 over CD138, supporting the personalized proof of concept. This information represents the basis for further in vivo studies and future progress to clinical trials.
Research on DNA Nanostructures Based on the Hybrid Chain Reaction for the Assignment Problem
Authors: Wang Risheng , Yin Zhixiang , Yang Jing , Yang Xinmu , Tang Zhen
Published: July 2021

Nanostructures with information processing play an important role in many fields. It is an excellent approach to the application that DNA nanostructures represented by DNA origami molecules combine with the hybrid chain reaction. In this paper, the assignment problem is mapped to a combinatorial graph on the DNA origami substrate. The graph has several modules corresponding to the time efficiency matrix of the assignment problem. The starting chain of the corresponding module is hybridized with the hairpin structure of the starting point, and the corresponding module is opened to emit light. The feasible solution to the problem can be obtained by observing the light-emitting fluorescent numbers of the opened modules. The fluorescent numbers of all the opened modules are added up on the same origami substrate, then different opening methods in different test tubes are compared, and the optimal solution is obtained.
Autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 as Potential Biomarkers for Detection of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Authors: Yang Shi-Han , Liu Can-Tong , Hong Chao-Qun , Huang Ze-Yuan , Wang Huan-Zhu , Wei Lai-Feng , Lin Yi-Wei , Guo Hai-Peng , Peng Yu-Hui , Xu Yi-Wei
Published: July 2021

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two predominant histological types of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), lacking effective early diagnostic markers. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 in skin SCC and BCC. ELISA was performed to detect levels of autoantibodies in sera from 101 NMSC patients and 102 normal controls, who were recruited from the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. A receiver operator characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The serum levels of autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 were higher in NMSCs than those in the normal controls (all

P
<
0.01

). The AUC of the three-autoantibody panel was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.788-0.894) with the sensitivity and specificity of 60.40% and 91.20% when differentiating NMSCs from normal controls. Furthermore, measurement of this panel could differentiate early-stage skin cancer patients from normal controls (AUC: 0.851; 95% CI: 0.793-0.908). Data from Oncomine showed that the level of p53 mRNA was elevated in BCC (

P
<
0.05

), and the Hsp70 mRNA was upregulated in SCC (

P
<
0.001

). This serum three-autoantibody panel might function in assisting the early diagnosis of NMSC.
Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy: New Hope for Adult Retinoblastoma Treatment—A Case Report and Brief Review
Authors: Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Masoomian Babak , Ghassemi Fariba
Published: July 2021

Background. Adult retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare intraocular tumor, leading to delayed diagnosis and, eventually, enucleation of the involved eyes. Therefore, this diagnosis should be considered if attributable signs and symptoms occurred. Here, the authors report a case of an adult group D RB, treated successfully with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) as primary treatment followed by cryotherapy. The authors briefly review the literature on the prognosis and management of adult RB. Case Presentation. A 22-year-old man has noticed floaters in his right eye for 2 months. Right eye examination revealed diffuse white spherical calcified vitreous seeds in all quadrants and a large white endophytic mass in the superonasal quadrant with engorged feeding vessels. Based on clinical data, the group D RB tumor was classified and the IAC was started with 2 medications, melphalan (5 mg) and topotecan (1 mg), for 3 cycles. Trans-scleral triple freeze-thaw cryotherapy was used as an adjunctive treatment at the latest hospital visit. Thirteen months after the last treatment, the RB tumor showed type 4 regression (flat chorioretinal scar) and no evidence of recurrence was identified. Conclusion. It seems that IAC, as the first line of treatment, either alone or in conjunction with adjuvant therapies may allow us to salvage the globe of adult patients involved with RB.
UPLC‐MS/MS Determination of Linezolid and Heme in Plasma of Infected Patients and Correlation Analysis
Authors: Wang Yingying , Ye Xuemei , Lan Qin , Ke Xiaofang , Hu Lufeng , Hu Lichuan
Published: July 2021

Linezolid can cause serious haematological toxicity, such as thrombocytopenia and aneamia. Heme, composed of iron and porphyrin, is an important component of hemoglobin. In order to investigate the relationship between the concentration of linezolid and heme in the plasma of infected patients, a UPLC‐MS/MS method that can determine the concentrations of linezolid and heme simultaneously was developed and validated. A total of 96 healthy subjects and 81 infected patients, who received blood routine blood tests, were included and determined by the UPLC‐MS/MS method. The results showed that the concentration of linezolid was 5.08 ± 3.46 μg/mL in infected patients who were treated with linezolid. The heme in healthy subjects was 7.05 ± 8.68 μg/mL, and it was significantly decreased to 0.88 ± 0.79 μg/mL in infected patients (P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that linezolid had a high negative correlation with platelet (PLT) (R = −0.309). Heme had a high positive correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) (R = 0.249) in healthy subjects and infected patients. The ROC analysis showed that heme had diagnostic value to distinguish low Hb (110 g/L). In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between heme and Hb, and this correlation was also observed in infected patients. A high concentration of linezolid was inclined to decrease PLT. Monitoring of heme and linezolid helps in the early diagnose of low Hb and PLT.
On the Equivalence between Two Fixed Point Theorems for Concave-Type Operators
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: July 2021

In this note, we prove the equivalence between a fixed point theorem for

φ

–

h
,
e

–concave operators and a previous one for generalized concave operators.
Group Scheduling with Learning Effect and Random Processing Time
Authors: Wang Dingyu , Ye Chunming
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we establish a stochastic grouping scheduling model. In the model, there is no installation time between the jobs in the same group, but each group has an installation time before processing. There are learning effects between groups and within groups, and the completion time of jobs is a random variable. We take the long expected schedule and the expected total completion time as the objective function, and the noninterruptible static priority strategy is obtained. At the same time, heuristic algorithms and examples are given.
Some Variants of Strong Normality in Closure Spaces Generated via Relations
Authors: Gupta Ria , Das Ananga Kumar
Published: July 2021

In this paper, some variants of strongly normal closure spaces obtained by using binary relation are introduced, and examples in support of existence of the variants are provided by using graphs. The relationships that exist between variants of strongly normal closure spaces and covering axioms in absence/presence of lower separation axioms are investigated. Further, closure subspaces and preservation of the properties studied under mapping are also discussed.
An Empirical Study on Sports Combination Training Action Recognition Based on SMO Algorithm Optimization Model and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jiang Hecai , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the accuracy of sports combination training action recognition, a sports combination training action recognition model based on SMO algorithm optimization model and artificial intelligence is proposed. In this paper, by expanding the standard action data, the standard database of score comparison is established, and the system architecture and the key acquisition module design based on 3D data are given. In this paper, the background subtraction method is used to process the sports video image to obtain the sports action contour and realize the sports action segmentation and feature extraction, and the artificial intelligence neural network is used to train the feature vector to establish the sports action recognition classifier. This paper mainly uses a three-stream CNN artificial intelligence deep learning framework based on convolutional neural network and uses a soft Vlad representation algorithm based on data decoding to learn the action features. Through the data enhancement of the existing action database, it uses support vector machine to achieve high-precision action classification. The test results show that the model improves the recognition rate of sports action and reduces the error recognition rate, which can meet the online recognition requirements of sports action.
Development of Optic‐Electric Hybrid Sensors for the Real‐Time Intelligent Monitoring of Subway Tunnels
Authors: Zhu Fu-guang , Xu Dong-sheng , Tan Rui-shan , Peng Bin , Huang He , Liu Zhuo-wen
Published: July 2021

The settlement and deformation monitoring of subway tunnels had difficult in long‐distance and real time measurement. This study proposed an optic‐electric hybrid sensor based on infrared laser ranging technology and cable‐sensing technology. The working principle, hardware layer, design details, laboratory calibration and field validation were presented and discussed. The optic‐electric hybrid sensor implemented the real‐time intelligent analysis modulus for the whole system which could analysis the measurement errors and improve the accuracy. The laboratory calibration tests were carried out and the results shown that the hybrid sensors had measurement resolution of 1 mm with the maximum measurement range of 100 m. A remote real‐time intelligent monitoring system is established based on the hybrid sensors. The system contains an edge computing module, real‐time communication module and warning light signal with three colors. The stability of data acquisition and transmission of the intelligent control monitoring system under long‐term conditions was examined. Test results shown that the system was quite stable for the long‐term measurement. The whole system was verified in a constructing subway tunnel of Wuhan Metro Line 8, China. According to the field monitoring results, the deformations and the state of health safety of the tunnel was evaluated. The results of this study could provide useful guidance for tunnel deformation monitoring and has great practical value in civil engineering.
Online Dynamic Tip-Over Analysis for a Wheeled Mobile Dual-Arm Robot with an Improved Tip-Over Moment Stability Criterion
Authors: Li Xianhua , Wu Liang , Sun Qing , Song Tao
Published: July 2021

Tip-over stability analysis is critical for the success of mobile manipulation of the dual arm, especially in the cases that the dual arm or the mobile platform moves rapidly. Due to strong dynamics coupling between the dual arm and mobile platform, online evaluation of dynamic stability of the mobile dual-arm robot still remains challenging. This paper presents an improved tip-over moment stability criterion dealing with the dual arm and mobile platform interaction and proposes an algorithm for calculating the tip-over stability margin of the arm end in the workspace to analyze the dynamic stability of the wheeled mobile dual-arm robot. The simulations on a four-wheeled mobile dual-arm robot validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on Aging and Age‐Related Diseases
Authors: Zhou Dan-Dan , Luo Min , Huang Si-Yu , Saimaiti Adila , Shang Ao , Gan Ren-You , Li Hua-Bin
Published: July 2021

The aging of population has become an issue of great concern because of its rapid increase. Aging is an important risk factor of many chronic diseases. Resveratrol could be found in many foods, such as grapes, red wine, peanuts, and blueberries. Many studies reported that resveratrol possessed various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, anticancer, antidiabetes mellitus, antiobesity, neuroprotection, and antiaging effects. The antiaging mechanisms of resveratrol were mainly ameliorating oxidative stress, relieving inflammatory reaction, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating apoptosis. Resveratrol could be an effective and safe compound for the prevention and treatment of aging and age‐related diseases. In this review, we summarize the effects of resveratrol on aging, life extension, and several age‐related diseases, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of antiaging action.
Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Development and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Sun Zixuan , Zhang Jiaxin , Li Jiali , Li Mi , Ge Jing , Wu Peipei , You Benshuai , Qian Hui
Published: July 2021

Exosomes have emerged as a new drug delivery system. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied because of their tumor-homing ability and yield advantages. Considering that MSC-derived exosomes are a double-edged sword in the development, metastasis, and invasion of tumors, engineered exosomes have broad potential use. In this review, we focused on the latest development in the treatment of tumors using engineered and nonengineered MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs). Nonengineered MSC-EXs exert an antitumor effect on several well-studied tumors by affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, engineered exosomes have promising research prospects as drug-carrying tools for the transport of miRNAs, small-molecule drugs, and proteins. Although exosomes lack uniform standards in terms of definition, separation, and purification, they still have great research value because of their unique advantages, such as high biocompatibility and low toxicity. Future studies on MSC-EXs should elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effect and the safety of their application.
Route Selection of Multimodal Transport Based on China Railway Transportation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Yao , Zhang Qingpeng , Chen Dingjun
Published: July 2021

The advantage of multimodal transport is that it can deliver the goods to their destination in a reasonable combination of transport modes while ensuring security and punctuality. Multimodal transportation can effectively reduce logistics costs, improve logistics efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. In the process of multimodal transportation, due to the interference of natural factors (weather, terrain, etc.) and some special human factors, it may have different degrees of impact on the transportation time and transportation safety of different transportation modes. Therefore, when choosing a transportation method, it is necessary to consider the transportation time and transportation safety under the interference. However, the current research on multimodal transport has not considered the impact of external interference on transportation time and transportation safety. Compared with other modes of transportation, external interference has a relatively small impact on railway transportation. Railways can safely deliver goods to their destinations on time. Under the background of China’s huge railway network and advanced heavy-duty technology, this paper establishes a multimodal transport route selection model for considering railway as the core, introduces time penalty cost and damage compensation cost, and takes the lowest comprehensive transportation cost as the model objective under the premise of considering transportation reliability and transportation safety. Finally, taking a multimodal transport network in China as an example, an improved ant colony algorithm is used to solve the model and the results verify the rationality of the model.
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of a Patient Undergoing Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Köse Büşra , Erdöl Hidayet , Uzlu Dilek
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To describe the follow-up and treatment approach of a patient with acute retinal necrosis. Case Report. A 44-year-old male patient, who had complaints of pain in the right eye and blurred vision, was referred to our clinic. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.4. There was 2+ anterior chamber reaction and diffuse smooth-rounded keratic precipitates. Fundus examination revealed optic nerve and vascular involvement. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed extensive ischemia in the periphery. Oral antiviral therapy was preferred. In addition, systemic steroid and laser photocoagulation were applied. Nonetheless, retinal detachment developed 2 months later. Detachment, silicon removal, and cataract surgery were performed sequentially. It was observed that the patient was followed for 4.5 years and did not have contralateral eye involvement. Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable at 0.3. Conclusion. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, accurate complication management, and frequent follow-up may provide useful vision in patients with acute retinal necrosis.
Selective Inhibition of the Second Bromodomain of BET Family Proteins Results in Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Lu , Cai Tianyu , Lin Xiaoyu , Huang Xiaoli , Bui Mai H. , Plotnik Joshua P. , Bellin Richard J. , Faivre Emily J. , Kuruvilla Vinitha M. , Lam Lloyd T. , Lu Xin , Zha Zheng , Feng Weiguo , Hessler Paul , Uziel Tamar , Zhang Qi , Cavazos Antonio , Han Lina , Ferguson Debra C. , Mehta Gaurav , Shanmugavelandy Sriram S. , Magoc Terrance J. , Rowe Jenny , Goodwin Neal C. , Dorritie Kathleen A. , Boyiadzis Michael , Albert Daniel H. , McDaniel Keith F. , Kati Warren M. , Konopleva Marina , Shen Yu
Published: July 2021

Dual bromodomain BET inhibitors that bind with similar affinities to the first and second bromodomains across BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT have displayed modest activity as monotherapy in clinical trials. Thrombocytopenia, closely followed by symptoms characteristic of gastrointestinal toxicity, have presented as dose-limiting adverse events that may have prevented escalation to higher dose levels required for more robust efficacy. ABBV-744 is a highly selective inhibitor for the second bromodomain of the four BET family proteins. In contrast to the broad antiproliferative activities observed with dual bromodomain BET inhibitors, ABBV-744 displayed significant antiproliferative activities largely although not exclusively in cancer cell lines derived from acute myeloid leukemia and androgen receptor positive prostate cancer. Studies in acute myeloid leukemia xenograft models demonstrated antitumor efficacy for ABBV-744 that was comparable with the pan-BET inhibitor ABBV-075 but with an improved therapeutic index. Enhanced antitumor efficacy was also observed with the combination of ABBV-744 and the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax compared with monotherapies of either agent alone. These results collectively support the clinical evaluation of ABBV-744 in AML (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03360006).
WNK1 Enhances Migration and Invasion in Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Jaykumar Ankita B. , Jung Ji-Ung , Parida Pravat Kumar , Dang Tuyen T. , Wichaidit Chonlarat , Kannangara Ashari Rashmi , Earnest Svetlana , Goldsmith Elizabeth J. , Pearson Gray W. , Malladi Srinivas , Cobb Melanie H.
Published: July 2021

Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Many signaling pathways have been linked to cancer invasiveness, but blockade of few protein components has succeeded in reducing metastasis. Thus, identification of proteins contributing to invasion that are manipulable by small molecules may be valuable in inhibiting spread of the disease. The protein kinase with no lysine (K) 1 (WNK1) has been suggested to induce migration of cells representing a range of cancer types. Analyses of mouse models and patient data have implicated WNK1 as one of a handful of genes uniquely linked to invasive breast cancer. Here, we present evidence that inhibition of WNK1 slows breast cancer metastasis. We show that depletion or inhibition of WNK1 reduces migration of several breast cancer cell lines in wound healing assays and decreases invasion in collagen matrices. Furthermore, WNK1 depletion suppresses expression of AXL, a tyrosine kinase implicated in metastasis. Finally, we demonstrate that WNK inhibition in mice attenuates tumor progression and metastatic burden. These data showing reduced migration, invasion, and metastasis upon WNK1 depletion in multiple breast cancer models suggest that WNK1 contributes to the metastatic phenotype, and that WNK1 inhibition may offer a therapeutic avenue for attenuating progression of invasive breast cancers.
Aldosterone Synthase Structure With Cushing Disease Drug LCI699 Highlights Avenues for Selective CYP11B Drug Design
Authors: Brixius-Anderko Simone , Scott Emily E.
Published: July 2021

Primary aldosteronism, the major form of secondary hypertension, develops due to excess steroid hormone aldosterone produced by aldosterone synthase, also known as cytochrome P450 11B2. CYP11B2 is 93% identical to cortisol-producing CYP11B1, which makes it difficult to design selective drugs. LCI699 (Osilodrostat, Isturisa) was initially developed as a CYP11B2 inhibitor but due to poor selectivity was recently repurposed as the first Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for CYP11B1-mediated Cushing disease. Thus, there is still no effective therapeutic option targeting CYP11B2 for primary aldosteronism. Using a structure/function approach, aspects of LCI699 interaction with CYP11B2 were examined to facilitate the design of more selective inhibitors. LCI699 effectively binds and inhibits CYP11B2. To determine the structural basis for this interaction, X-ray crystallography was used to solve the structure of CYP11B2 bound to LCI699. LCI699 binds in the active site with its imidazole nitrogen coordinating the heme iron. LCI699 binding was compared with that of its analog fadrozole to both CYP11B enzymes. Comparison with the CYP11B1 structure reveals distinct CYP11B active site architectures which can be exploited to directed drug design. Exploiting structural differences between the CYP11B enzymes will promote the design of therapeutics for the treatment of primary aldosteronism targeting CYP11B2 while reducing undesirable side effects due to off-target CYP11B1 inhibition.
THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER CONFIDENCE ON AGGREGATE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION AND LEVERAGE
Authors: SAHİN Serçin
Published: July 2021

Consumer confidence measures and their effects on macroeconomic variables have been subject to extensive research since it was devised in the 1940s. Some empirical studies suggest that it is one of the leading causes of macroeconomic fluctuations through its effects on household consumption. Particularly, consumer durables spending and household borrowing are found to be sensitive to consumer confidence. In this study, a stock-flow-consistent system dynamics model is developed to explain how consumer confidence affects the aggregate household behavior and the macroeconomic dynamics of the economy. The simulation results confirm that consumer confidence strongly affects the economy's dynamic behavior. It is shown that the psychological and structural parameters determine the stability properties of the economy.
Joseph and His Two Wives: Patterns of Cultural Accommodation in the Judæo-Persian Tale of Yusof and Zoleykhā
Authors: Rubanovich Julia
Published: July 2021

The Tale of Yusof and Zoleykhā appears as part of a religious epic poem, the Bereshit-nāma (Book of Genesis), by the fourteenth-century Judæo-Persian poet Shāhin. Composed in 1358–59, in classical Persian with an admixture of Hebraisms and written in Hebrew characters, this tale was enormously popular within Persian-speaking Jewish communities and was frequently copied on its own. The paper focuses on two episodes from this story: Yusof’s marriages to Zoleykhā and to Osnat (Asenath). Shāhin was active in the late Il-khanid and early post-Mongol periods, when new forms of patronage of literary and artistic production emerged seeking to blend different cultural worlds. The poet indeed fashioned unique amalgams of Jewish and Perso-Islamic traditions, both in form and content. The two episodes constitute small case studies for exploring Shāhin’s diverse array of sources and for determining the thematic and structural ramifications of this fusion. The paper pinpoints how Shāhin accommodated and adapted Jewish and Islamic materials and demonstrates that, though Jewish, the poet firmly ensconces himself in a Persianate cultural sphere.
Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: ALVES LIVIA LARA , FRANCENER AUGUSTO , COSTA MARIA TEREZA R. , SOBRAL MARCOS
Published: July 2021

We present a floristic survey for Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Of the 17 species occurring in Espírito Santo, one is recorded for the first time for the state (B. intermedia). In addition, three species were considered vulnerable or near threatened (B. alvimii, B. bahiana and B. cacaophila). Identification key for all species was presented, along with morphological descriptions, photograph plates, distribution maps, and ecological notes of the studied species.
An analysis of tornado warning reception and response across time: leveraging respondent's confidence and a nocturnal tornado climatology
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Allan Jinan N. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Silva Carol L. , Jenkins-Smith Hank C.
Published: July 2021

Nocturnal tornadoes are challenging to forecast and even more challenging to communicate. Numerous studies have evaluated the forecasting challenges, but fewer have investigated when and where these events pose the greatest communication challenges. This study seeks to evaluate variation in confidence among US residents in receiving and responding to tornado warnings by hour-of-day. Survey experiment data comes from the Severe Weather and Society Survey, an annual survey of US adults. Results indicate that respondents are less confident about receiving warnings overnight, specifically in the early morning hours (12 AM to 4 AM local time). We then use the survey results to inform an analysis of hourly tornado climatology data. We evaluate where nocturnal tornadoes are most likely to occur during the time frame when residents are least confident in their ability to receive tornado warnings. Results show that the Southeast experiences the highest number of nocturnal tornadoes during the time period of lowest confidence, as well as the largest proportion of tornadoes in that time frame. Finally, we estimate and assess two multiple linear regression models to identify individual characteristics that may influence a respondent’s confidence in receiving a tornado between 12 AM and 4 AM. These results indicate that age, race, weather awareness, weather sources, and the proportion of nocturnal tornadoes in the local area relate to warning reception confidence. The results of this study should help inform policymakers and practitioners about the populations at greatest risk for challenges associated with nocturnal tornadoes. Discussion focuses on developing more effective communication strategies, particularly for diverse and vulnerable populations.
Barriers to Parental Leave During Training: Time for Change
Authors: Bostock Ian C. , Bayley Erin M. , Antonoff Mara B.
Published: July 2021

Background

Standardized parental leave policies for medical trainees are lacking, and barriers may differ among specialties. We aimed to characterize experiences of physicians who became parents during training and to identify particular issues for surgical trainees compared to their non-surgical peers.

Methods

We distributed an electronic survey to physician parents via social media platforms from 10/2019 to 02/2020. Inclusion required becoming a parent during training. Responses were collected and standard descriptive and comparative analyses were performed.

Results

Surveys were received from 64 physicians representing diverse specialties: 48 (74%) non-surgical respondents (NSR) and 16 (26%) surgical respondents (SR). Among all respondents, 25 (39%) reported a formal institutional policy for parental leave and 49 (76%) wished for more time off. Overall, respondents took a mean of 7.5 ± 5.2 (range 0-14) weeks of parental leave. However, NSR took 8.7 ± 5.8 weeks, while SR took 4.7 ± 2.7 ( P = .006). Reported barriers to parental leave across specialties included graduation requirements (NSR 58% vs. SR 68% P = .46), peer pressure/perception (NSR 59% vs. SR 58% P = .97), and pressure from institutional leadership (NSR 31% vs. SR 35% P = .77). A substantial portion (28, 43%) of respondents had additional children during training, taking less time off for the second child (5.1 ± 7.4 weeks; 0-12).

Conclusion

A minority of respondents reported formal institutional parental leave policies, while an overwhelming majority felt that their time off was inadequate. Surgical trainees took shorter parental leaves than their non-surgical counterparts. Cultural and professional changes are crucial in promoting wellness and healthy transitions into parenthood.
(Dis)courtesy Bias: “Methodological Cognates,” Data Validity, and Ethics in Violence-Adjacent Research
Authors: Parkinson Sarah E.
Published: July 2021

In settings where war, forced migration, and humanitarian crisis have attracted international attention, research participants’ prior experiences with journalists, advocacy groups, state security, and humanitarian organizations influence scholarly work. Building on long-term fieldwork in Iraq and Lebanon, this article argues that individuals’ and communities’ previous and ongoing interactions with these actors affect the content, quality, and validity of data gathered as well as shaping possibilities for ethical academic research. Drawing on observational and interview-based research with humanitarian service providers, journalists, and displaced persons, this article argues that the cross-sector use of “methodological cognates” such as surveys and structured interviews shapes data validity and reliability via four mechanisms: regurgitation, redirection, reluctant participation, and resistance. I contend that these features of the research process should centrally inform academics’ research designs, project siting, case selection, and data analysis.
The Influence of Police Treatment and Decision-making on Perceptions of Procedural Justice: A Field Study
Authors: Terpstra Bo L. , van Wijck Peter W.
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

This study examines whether police behavior that signals higher quality of treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice.

Methods:

Analyses are based on data collected during police traffic controls of moped drivers in two Dutch cities over a period of six months. Police behavior was measured through systematic social observation (SSO), and data on perceived procedural justice were collected through face-to-face interviews immediately after the encounters. Linear regression analysis with bootstrap estimates was used (n = 218), with an overall perceived procedural justice scale as the dependent variable in all regressions. Independent variables included an overall observed procedural justice index and four separate scales of police treatment and decision-making.

Results:

We find no evidence that police behavior that signals fairer treatment or decision-making leads to higher perceived procedural justice.

Conclusions:

Our findings add to the currently very limited empirical evidence on an important question, and raise questions about a central idea, that more procedurally just treatment and decision making by authorities leads to an increase in perceived procedural justice and enhanced compliance. The first of these requires more research.
Shaking table test on the seismic response of the portal section in soft and hard rock junction
Authors: Cui Guangyao , Ma Jianfei
Published: July 2021

Tunnel portal sections located in the soft-hard rock junction are vulnerable to the strong earthquake motions in seismically active regions. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the seismic response of tunnel portals located in the soft-hard rock junction. Taking the Baiyunding tunnel in northeast China as a background, a shaking table test with a geometric scaling ratio of 1:30 was built. Details of test setup and procedures are introduced first and then the test results are presented. The discussion of the results is based on the peak ground acceleration (PGA), the longitudinal, the contact stress, and the safety factor. The results show that the soft section of the soft-hard rock junction suffers remarkable damages under strong seismic motions, while the hard rock section is less affected by earthquakes. The increasing soft rock range causes a rise of the forced displacement of tunnel linings, which, together with the seismic inertia force, leads to the increase of the contact stress of the linings, and ultimately resulting in the deterioration of the tunnel seismic safety. To mitigate the seismic damage of tunnel portals in the soft-hard rock junction, rock grouting, bolt support, and other effective reinforced methods should be considered in the seismic design of the soft section.
The Story of Separate Yet Connected Cholesteatomas
Authors: Kairo Arvind Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Manchanda Smita , Verma Ravneet Ravinder
Published: July 2021

Significance Statement

Petrous cholesteatoma is rare but frequently leads to complications. A thorough radiological evaluation helps in identifying the pathology and the extent of disease. Sound anatomical knowledge is vital for the planning of surgical approach to get adequate access without damaging important structures. Presentations in congenital lesions are varied due to the uneven growth model of the temporal bone. To the best of our knowledge, the pattern of involvement in this case has never been reported earlier.