bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Effect of an Apoprotein B‐based Algorithm on Management of New Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia Referred to a Specialty Lipid Clinic
Authors: Brook Robert D. , Doshi Hardik , Bard Robert L. , Rubenfire Melvyn
Published: May 2009

Background

In patients with hypertriglyceridemia, non‐high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL‐C) is a targeted goal. However, apoprotein B100 (apoB) may be superior in predicting cardiovascular risk so we assessed the utility of an apoB‐based.

Methods

New patients (n = 125) who had both apoB and standard lipids measured on the same day were included and we determined the concordances of having achieved goal lipid levels based upon proposed apoB versus nonHDL‐C (ATP III) targets in patients with elevated TG (≥150 mg·dl−1) levels.

Results

Although apoB was correlated with nonHDL‐C (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.001), the tests had only a fair level of agreement when categorizing the percentage of patients achieving lipid goals for their degree of cardiovascular risk (κ = 0.22). Among patients with an elevation in nonHDL‐C above ATP III goals, between 12–42% had achieved target apoB. On the contrary, between 44–50% of patients were found to be at nonHDL‐C but not apoB target. The results were not substantively altered if the analyses were confined to patients with TG values between 200–499 mg·dl−1, rather than all patients with TG levels ≥ 150 mg·dl−1, as specifically outlined in ATP III guidelines. In total, > 50% of all subjects would have been treated either more or less aggressively following an apoB‐based therapeutic algorithm.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that the majority of patients referred with hypertriglyceridemia would be managed differently by following an apoB‐based treatment algorithm compared to ATP III guidelines. Although many patients would be candidates for more intense therapy, many would be treated less aggressively. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous Intervention of Superior Mesenteric Artery Stenosis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Penugonda Neelima , Gardi Delair , Schreiber Theodore
Published: May 2009

This review article focuses on stent placement in mesenteric arteries in older patients with an increasingly common diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). We reviewed the articles that focused on the treatment of this gastrointestinal disorder by stenting/open surgical revascularization to avoid further ischemic episodes and bowel infarction and necrosis. The advantages of stent placement in mesenteric arteries are discussed in comparison to open surgical revascularization. In summary, the low morbidity and high technical success rate of catheter‐based techniques have made this approach the first line of therapy for CMI due to superior mesenteric artery stenosis for many elderly patients especially high‐risk operative candidates. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of High‐Dose Atorvastatin in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Age 65 to 78 Years
Authors: Koren Michael J. , Feldman Theodore , Mendes Robert A.
Published: May 2009

Background

High‐dose statin therapy may be underutilized in aged patients due to doubts about efficacy and safety.

Hypothesis

To investigate outcomes and safety in patients aged 65–78 years compared with patients aged < 65 years in the ALLIANCE study.

Methods

A total of 2,442 stable coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with dyslipidemia were randomized to either aggressive treatment (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol titration goal of < 80 mg/dL or maximum 80 mg/d of atorvastatin) or usual care (continuation of baseline lipid‐lowering therapy, with changes and laboratory analyses directed by treating physicians).

Results

A total of 1,001 patients aged 65–78 years were followed for a median period of 53.9 mo. Older, aggressively treated atorvastatin patients experienced a 27% relative risk reduction for the primary composite endpoint of adverse cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.57–0.94; p = 0.016). In addition, significant risk reductions were observed for nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI; HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23–0.79; p = 0.006), cardiac revascularization (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48–0.93; p = 0.017), and the combined endpoint of cardiac death and nonfatal MI (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32–0.72; p = 0.001). The rate of significant liver transaminase elevations in atorvastatin patients was low and not age related. There were no cases of rhabdomyolysis. The rate of study discontinuations due to serious adverse events was higher in patients aged 65–78 years than in those younger than 65 years, but was similar between the treatment groups.

Conclusions

Our data support the efficacy and safety of aggressive lipid management with atorvastatin in older CHD patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modestly Overweight Women Have Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Patel Ayan R. , Hui Han , Kuvin Jeffrey T. , Pandian Natesa G. , Karas Richard H.
Published: May 2009

Background

Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the atherosclerotic process and is predictive of cardiovascular prognosis. However, the association between specific cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in women has not been well characterized. This study examined the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2, current smoking, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of early coronary heart disease) in a population of women that included those already being treated for risk factors.

Methods

Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery ultrasound flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 185 consecutive women without a history of coronary heart disease. Women with hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia were allowed to continue on their usual therapy.

Results

There was an inverse linear association between age and FMD. Subjects who were active smokers had lower FMD compared with nonsmokers, and subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had lower FMD than subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. FMD in overweight women (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2) was similar to that of obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index, current smoking, and age were independent predictors of endothelial dysfunction in this population.

Conclusion

Modestly elevated BMI, smoking, and age predict endothelial dysfunction in women, even in the presence of treatment for other atherosclerotic risk factors. These findings demonstrate the importance of modest elevation in BMI as a risk factor for impaired vascular health in women, and underscore the need for focusing further attention on lifestyle modification as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 and Myocardial Protection: More than Glycemic Control
Authors: Fields Anjali V. , Patterson Brandy , Karnik Ankur A. , Shannon Richard P.
Published: May 2009

Pharmacologic intervention for the failing heart has traditionally targeted neurohormonal activation and ventricular remodeling associated with cardiac dysfunction. Despite the multitude of agents available for the treatment of heart failure, it remains a highly prevalent clinical syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality, necessitating alternative strategies of targeted management. One such area of interest is the ability to modulate myocardial glucose uptake and its impact on cardioprotection. Glucose‐insulin‐potassium (GIK) infusions have been studied for decades, with conflicting results regarding benefit in acute myocardial infarction. Based on the same concepts, glucagon‐like peptide‐1‐[7–36] amide (GLP‐1) has recently been demonstrated to be a more effective alternative in left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. This paper provides a review on the current evidence supporting the use of GLP‐1 in both animal models and humans with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase 2 trial of two courses of cyclophosphamide and etoposide for relapsed high‐risk osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Massimo Berger , Giovanni Grignani , Stefano Ferrari , Eleonora Biasin , Adalberto Brach del Prever , Sandra Aliberti , Francesco Saglio , Massimo Aglietta , Franca Fagioli
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND:

A phase 2 trial was carried out to assess the antineoplastic activity of 2 courses of cyclophosphamide‐etoposide in relapsed osteosarcoma patients.

METHODS:

Twenty‐six relapsed osteosarcoma patients with a median age of 18.5 years (8.3‐47.1) were enrolled. Seven patients were in first relapse (27%), 11 in second relapse (42%), 7 in third relapse (27%), and 1 in fourth relapse (4%). Eighteen patients had bone metastasis at study entry (69%). Cyclophosphamide was given at 4 g/m2on Day 1 followed by etoposide at 200 mg/m2on Days 2, 3, and 4. Second cyclophosphamide and etoposide was planned at 21 days to 28 days from the previous one. The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical benefit at 4 months measured as progression‐free survival.

RESULTS:

Progression‐free survival at 4 months was 42%. Five patients achieved responses (19%), 9 patients had stable disease (35%), and 12 had tumor progression (46%). Overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 50%. The only grade 4 extrahematological toxicities were fever (5%), acute bronchospasm (4%) and stomatitis (18%). Six patients (23%) underwent radical surgery after cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 may arrest osteosarcoma progression in a significant number of patients (54%). Osteosarcoma progression arrest after cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 translates in a better OS. Cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 had good tolerability and the toxicity was time‐limited and resolved in all cases. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes and quality of care in acute myeloid leukemia over 40 years
Authors: Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Leach Marc , Minden Mark D. , Brandwein Joseph
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly in older patients. To the authors' knowledge, few population‐based studies of AML treatment patterns and outcomes exist to date.

METHODS:

The authors used the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all patients diagnosed with AML between 1965 and 2003. Referral to specialized cancer centers (SCCs) and receipt of chemotherapy were examined as quality of care indicators. Survival outcomes were examined using logistic regression at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years.

RESULTS:

A total of 9365 patients (mean age, 58.1 years; range, 0 to 103 years) developed AML between 1965 and 2003. Overall, 75.1%, 32.9%, and 17.3% of patients survived to 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years, respectively. Although survival improved over time among patients aged 19 to 59 years, similar improvements were not seen among older patients. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy declined with age (59.0% vs 29.3% among patients ages 19‐59 vs ≥60 years). Fewer patients aged ≥60 years were referred to a SCC compared with younger patients (20.8% vs 29.9%). Younger age, less comorbidity, later year of diagnosis, receipt of chemotherapy, and being referred to a SCC were associated with better 30‐day and long‐term survival in multivariate models.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the prognosis has improved over time among younger adults, it remains poor among those aged ≥60 years. Fewer older patients were referred to SCCs or treated with chemotherapy compared with younger patients, whereas both factors were associated with improved survival. Opportunities may exist to improve the quality of care and outcomes among older adults with AML. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes of patients who undergo aggressive induction therapy for secondary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rizzieri David A. , O'Brien Jenny A. , Broadwater Gloria , Decastro Carlos M. , Dev Prakash , Diehl Louis , Beaven Anne , Lagoo Anand , Gockerman Jon P. , Chao Nelson J. , Moore Joseph O.
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND:

Response and survival in 96 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) who received aggressive induction chemotherapy was reviewed.

METHODS:

The median follow‐up of survivors was 2.3 years. A total of 70 (73%) patients achieved a morphologic complete remission (CR) confirmed by absence of leukemic blasts by flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

For all 96 patients, the median event‐free survival (EFS) was 8 months, and overall survival (OS) was 13.6 months (range, 1‐119 months). Eight patients died shortly after induction therapy because of disease or side effects, and 13 are currently in continuous first remission. The median disease‐free survival (DFS) for all 70 patients who achieved a morphologic CR was 9 months (range, 1‐51 months), with a 64% chance of surviving 1 year. Patients with AML after previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy had a higher morphologic remission rate compared with those arising from myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disease (82% vs 62%; P = .027). However, among the patients from the 2 groups who attained a morphologic remission, there was no difference in terms of CR rate (P = .94), DFS, EFS, or OS (P = .55, .83, and .71, respectively). This is a similar DFS to the group of 7 patients who went directly to ablative allogeneic transplant rather than having induction therapy first. In this population of patients who received aggressive chemotherapy, Charlson comorbidity index or a higher number of factors recognized as high risk in leukemia patients did not affect the chance of OS, DFS, and EFS, although having more recognized leukemia risk factors was related to a lower chance of surviving 1 year. However, it is important to note that those with higher comorbidity indexes were underrepresented in this aggressively treated cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data from the current study demonstrate that many patients with sAML can tolerate aggressive induction therapy and attain remission, but duration of response and the chance of long‐term survival remain poor. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Health status and quality of life among non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors
Authors: Smith Sophia K. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Williams Christianna S. , Zebrack Bradley J.
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND:

A growing body of evidence suggests that long‐term survivors with 1 of the more common forms of adult cancer report a quality of life (QOL) similar to that in the general population. However, specific concerns have been identified (sexual dysfunction, fatigue, distress) in this population. Also, less is known concerning survivors of adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a disease often marked by alternating periods of disease and remission. Therefore, in the current study, the authors compared the QOL status of individuals who reported having active NHL with the QOL status of individuals who were disease‐free short‐term survivors (STS) (2‐4 years postdiagnosis) and long‐term survivors (LTS) (≥5 years postdiagnosis).

METHODS:

Eligible survivors completed a mailed survey with validated measures, including physical and mental health status measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form, cancer‐related QOL, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Lymphoma module, and self‐reported impact of cancer. Other data were collected to examine as correlates.

RESULTS:

Seven hundred sixty‐one survivors identified from 2 North Carolina cancer registries participated. The average survivor was 10.4 years postdiagnosis (range, 2‐44 years postdiagnosis) and was age 62.7 years (range, 25‐92 years). Survivors with active disease (n = 109) demonstrated worse physical and mental health functioning, worse QOL, and less positive and more negative impacts of cancer compared with disease‐free survivors (n = 652; all P ≤ .01). No significant differences were observed between STS and LTS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although survivors with NHL who had active disease reported more negative outcomes compared with off‐treatment survivors, the length of time after diagnosis did not appear to matter with regard to outcomes for STS or LTS. In addition, mixed results from comparisons with general population norms suggested the need for supportive care for this diverse survivorship group. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A case series evaluation of a modified version of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimic eating disorders: A pilot study
Authors: Arcelus Jon , Whight Debbie , Langham Christopher , Baggott Jonathan , McGrain Lesley , Meadows Lesley , Meyer Caroline
Published: May 2009

Objective

To determine the therapeutic outcome of a modified form of (IPT‐BNm) amongst patients with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS).

Method

Following initial assessment, 59 patients with diagnoses of BN or EDNOS entered treatment in the form of 16 sessions of IPT‐BNm. At initial assessment, patients completed measures of general psychopathology (SCL‐90), Self esteem (RSE), eating psychopathology (EDE‐Q), interpersonal functioning (Inventory of Interpersonal Functioning; IIP‐32) and depression (BDI). At the middle and end of treatment, EDE‐Q, IIP‐32 and BDI measures were repeated.

Results

By the middle of therapy, patients had made significant improvements in terms of their eating disordered cognitions and behaviours (including reductions in EDE‐Q scores, bingeing and self‐induced vomiting), interpersonal functioning and levels of depression.

Conclusions

IPT‐BNm is an effective treatment for patients with Bulimic Eating Disorders and appears to work quickly, as there were significant reductions in eating disorders symptoms within the first eight sessions of treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Phylogeny of Old World Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) based on morphological data
Authors: Leht M.
Published: May 2009

The genus Lathyrus is supported as a well defined genus not subdivisible into subgenera. The results of the present analysis clearly support sections Cicerula and Lathyrus s.str. with L. hirsutus in a monospecific clade, but not separation of section Gorgonia. Section Pratensis is not warranted and the taxa should belong to section Aphaca. Lathyrus roseus of section Orobon is placed within section Orobus. Section Lathyrostylis is a natural, monophyletic group according to the present analysis as well. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zwei neue fossile Hölzer der Morphogattung Pinoxylon Knowlton emend. Read aus dem Tertiär der Insel Lesbos, Griechenland
Authors: Süss H. , Velitzelos E.
Published: May 2009

Aus dem Tertiär von Lesbos (Griechenland) werden zwei in der näheren Umgebung von Eressos gefundene Hölzer untersucht und als Pinoxylon diversiradiatum sp. nova und P. graciliradiatum sp. nova beschrieben. Die auffälligsten Merkmale beider Arten sind das Vorkommen von drei verschiedenen Holzstrahlformen: Strahlen mit nur kleinen Zellen, Strahlen mit Sekretzellen und große Strahlen mit großen idioblastenartigen Zellen. Der Bau dieser Holzstrahlen wird in einem eigenen Abschnitt besprochen. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validierung von Subassoziationen mongolischer Pflanzengesellschaften
Authors: Hilbig W.
Published: May 2009

In Ergänzung zu bisherigen Beschreibungen von Pflanzenassoziationen aus der Mongolei (speziell Hilbig 1990), bei denen teilweise die Untergliederung in Subassoziationen noch nicht endgültig erfolgte, werden Subassoziationen von Assoziationen aus verschiedenen Pflanzenformationen von der Bergtaiga‐ bis zur Wüstenzone validiert, mit Typus‐Aufnahmen belegt und kurz standörtlich charakterisiert. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wood anatomy and its implications on the taxonomy of Apollonias Nees (Lauraceae)
Authors: Loutfy M. H. A.
Published: May 2009

In the present work, wood anatomy of Apollonias barbujana (Lauraceae) was investigated by both Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy and compared with six taxa of the Lauraceae representing the tribes Laureae and Perseeae. The investigated species included four of the endemic Macaronesian taxa of the Lauraceae (Laurus azorica, L. novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) in addition to Laurus nobilis and Persea americana. The recorded characters were analyzed by the NTSYS‐PC program package, using the UPGMA clustering methods. The relationships between the studied taxa, expressed by average taxonomic distance (dissimilarity), were demonstrated as a phenogram. The study showed that Apollonias barbujana stood apart from the rest of the studied taxa of the Laureae and Perseeae by several unique features, predominantly uniseriate rays, multiseriate rays of 3–5 rows, striated fibers and/or sclereids with thick walls and many bordered pits, excessive tylose deposits, vessels with wide scalariform perforations with 6–12 bars and distinct bordered pits. More studies on this genus are needed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of group living homes on older people with dementia: a comparison with traditional nursing home care
Authors: te Boekhorst Selma , Depla Marja F. I. A. , de Lange Jacomine , Pot Anne Margriet , Eefsting Jan A.
Published: May 2009

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of group living homes on quality of life and functioning of people with dementia.

Methods

The study had a quasi‐experimental design with a baseline measurement on admission and an effect measurement six months later. Participants were 67 residents in 19 group living homes and 97 residents in seven traditional nursing homes. DQOL and QUALIDEM measured quality of life, functional status was examined with MMSE, IDDD, RMBPC, NPI‐Q and RISE from RAI. Use of psychotropic drugs and physical restraints was also assessed. Linear and logistic regression analyses analyzed the data.

Results

After adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics, residents of group living homes needed less help with ADL and were more socially engaged. There were no differences in behavioral problems or cognitive status. Also after adjusting, two of the 12 quality of life subscales differed between the groups. Residents of group living homes had more sense of aesthetics and had more to do. While there were no differences in prescription of psychotropic drugs, residents of group living homes had less physical restraints.

Conclusions

Group living homes had some beneficial effects on its residents, but traditional nursing homes performed well as well. Possible study limitations included the baseline differences between the study groups and the use of different informants on T0 and T1. Future nursing home care may very well be a combination of the best group living care and traditional nursing home care have to offer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytosolic accumulation of HPV16 E7 oligomers supports different transformation routes for the prototypic viral oncoprotein: The amyloid–cancer connection
Authors: Dantur Karina , Alonso Leonardo , Castaño Eduardo , Morelli Laura , Centeno‐Crowley Juan Manuel , Vighi Susana , de Prat‐Gay Gonzalo
Published: May 2009

E7 is the major transforming activity in human papillomaviruses, a causal agent for cervical cancer. HPV16 E7 is a small protein with a natively unfolded domain for which dozens of specific cellular targets were described, and represents a prototypical oncoprotein among small DNA tumor viruses. The protein can form spherical oligomers with amyloid‐like properties and chaperone activity. Conformation specific antibodies locate endogenous oligomeric E7 species in the cytosol of 3 model cell lines, strongly co‐localizing with amyloid structures and dimeric E7 localizes to the nucleus. The cytosolic oligomeric E7 appear as the most abundant species in all cell systems tested. We show that nuclear E7 levels are replenished dynamically from the cytosolic pool and do not result from protein synthesis. Our results suggest that long‐term events related to de‐repression of E7 would cause accumulation of excess E7 into oligomeric species in the cytosol. These, together with the known target promiscuity of E7, may allow interactions with many of the non‐pRb dependent targets described. This hypothesis is further supported by the detection of E7 oligomers in the cytosol of cancerous cells from tissue biopsies. © 2009 UICC
Risk of thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Taylor Aliki J. , Croft Adam P. , Palace Aimee M. , Winter David L. , Reulen Raoul C. , Stiller Charles A. , Stevens Michael C.G. , Hawkins Mike M.
Published: May 2009

Second primary neoplasms (SPNs) are a recognised late effect of treatment for childhood cancer. Thyroid SPNs can develop after exposure to low‐dose radiation, due to the radio‐sensitivity of the thyroid gland. The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS) was set up to directly monitor the late effects of treatment, including risk of SPNs, in childhood cancer survivors and includes 17,980 5‐year survivors. We carried out a cohort analysis to determine the risk of thyroid SPNs in the BCCSS, and estimated risk using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), relative risk (RR) using multivariate Poisson regression and cumulative incidence curves. There were 340,202 person years at risk subsequent to a 5‐year survival, median follow‐up 17.4 years per survivor. We identified 50 thyroid SPNs including 31 (62%) papillary carcinomas, 15 (30%) follicular carcinomas and 4 (8%) other types. 88% of thyroid SPNs developed after exposure to radiotherapy in or around the thyroid gland. SIR overall was 18.0 (95% confidence interval 13.4–23.8). Risk of thyroid cancer was highest after Hodgkin's disease: RR 3.3 (1.1–10.1) and Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma: RR 3.4 (1.1–10.7) relative to leukaemia (RR 1.0) (p < 0.001). Survivors treated with radiotherapy in childhood had a RR of 4.6 (1.4–15.1) relative to survivors not treated with radiotherapy (RR 1.0), p = 0003. In conclusion, the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors is relatively high in this cohort of childhood cancer survivors. These results will be of use in counselling survivors of childhood cancer exposed to radiation in or around the thyroid area. © 2009 UICC
Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Büchner Frederike L. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Ros Martine M. , Kampman Ellen , Egevad Lars , Overvad Kim , Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina , Clavel‐Chapelon Francoise , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Touillaud Marina , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Weikert Steffen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Palli Domenico , Sieri Sabina , Vineis Paolo , Tumino Rosario , Panico Salvatore , Vrieling Alina , Peeters Petra H.M. , van Gils Carla H. , Lund Eiliv , Gram Inger T. , Engeset Dagrun , Martinez Carmen , Gonzalez Carlos A. , Larrañaga Nerea , Ardanaz Eva , Navarro Carmen , Rodríguez Laudina , Manjer Jonas , Ehrnström Roy A. , Hallmans Goran , Ljungberg Borje , Allen Naomi E. , Roddam Andrew W. , Bingham Sheila , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Slimani Nadia , Boffetta Paolo , Jenab Mazda , Mouw Traci , Michaud Dominique S. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Riboli Elio
Published: May 2009

Previous epidemiologic studies found inconsistent associations between vegetables and fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. We therefore investigated the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Data on food consumption and complete follow‐up for cancer occurrence was available for a total of 478,533 participants, who were recruited in 10 European countries. Estimates of rate ratios were obtained by Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by age at recruitment, gender and study centre, and adjusted for total energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. A calibration study in a subsample was used to control for dietary measurement errors. After a mean follow‐up of 8.7 years, 1015 participants were newly diagnosed with bladder cancer. Increments of 100 g/day in fruit and vegetable consumption combined did not affect bladder cancer risk (i.e., calibrated HR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.95–1.01). Borderline statistically significant lower bladder cancer risks were found among never smokers with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables combined (HR = 0.94 95%CI: 0.87–1.00 with increments of 100 g/day; calibrated HR = 0.92 95%CI 0.79–1.06) and increased consumption of apples and pears (hard fruit; calibrated HR = 0.90 95%CI: 0.82–0.98 with increments of 25 g/day). For none of the associations a statistically significant interaction with smoking status was found. Our findings do not support an effect of fruit and vegetable consumption, combined or separately, on bladder cancer risk. © 2009 UICC
Identification of the major TG4 cross‐linking sites in the androgen‐dependent SVS I exclusively expressed in mouse seminal vesicle
Authors: Tseng Huan‐Chin , Lin Han‐Jia , Tang Jyh‐Bing , Gandhi P.S. Sudhakar , Chang Wei‐Chao , Chen Yee‐Hsiung
Published: May 2009

SVS I was exclusively expressed in seminal vesicle in which the protein was immunolocalized primarily to the luminal epithelium of mucosal folds. The developmental profile of its mRNA expression was shown to be androgen‐dependent, manifesting a positive correlation with the animal's maturation. There are 43 glutamine and 43 lysine residues in one molecule of SVS I, which is one of the seven major monomer proteins tentatively assigned on reducing SDS–PAGE during the resolution of mouse seminal vesicle secretion. Based on the fact that SVS I‐deduced protein sequence consists of 796 amino acid residues, we produced 7 recombinant polypeptide fragments including residues 1–78/F1, residues 79–259/F2, residues 260–405/F3, residues 406–500/F4, residues 501–650/F5, residues 651–715/F6, and residues 716–796/F7, and measured the covalent incorporation of 5‐(biotinamido)pentylamine (BPNH2) or biotin‐TVQQEL (A25 peptide) to each of F1‐to‐F7 by type 4 transglutaminase (TG4) from the coagulating gland secretion. F2 was active to a greater extent than the other fragments during the BPNH2‐glutamine incorporation, and a relatively low extent of A25‐lysine cross link was observed with all of the seven fragments. The MS analysis of BPNH2‐F2 conjugate identified Q232 and Q254 as the two major TG4 cross‐linking sites. This was substantiated by the result that much less BPNH2 was cross‐linked to any one of the three F2 mutants, including Q232G and Q254G obtained from single‐site mutation, and Q232G/Q254G from double‐site mutation. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 899–907, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant trafficking of human melanocortin 1 receptor variants associated with red hair and skin cancer: Steady‐state retention of mutant forms in the proximal golgi
Authors: Sánchez‐Laorden Berta L. , Herraiz Cecilia , Valencia Julio C. , Hearing Vincent J. , Jiménez‐Cervantes Celia , García‐Borrón José C.
Published: May 2009

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a Gs protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in melanocytes, is a major determinant of skin pigmentation and phototype. MC1R activation stimulates melanogenesis and increases the ratio of black, strongly photoprotective eumelanins to reddish, poorly photoprotective pheomelanins. Several MC1R alleles are associated with red hair, fair skin, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (the RHC phenotype) and increased skin cancer risk. Three highly penetrant RHC variants, R151C, R160W, and D294H are loss‐of‐function MC1R mutants with altered cell surface expression. In this study, we show that forward trafficking was normal for D294H. Conversely, export traffic was impaired for R151C, which accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and for R160W, which was enriched in the cis‐Golgi. This is the first report of steady‐state retention in a post‐ER secretory compartment of a GPCR mutant found in the human population. Residues R151 and R160 are located in the MC1R second intracellular loop (il2). Two other mutations in il2, T157A preventing T157 phosphorylation and R162P disrupting a 160RARR163 motif, also caused intracellular retention. Moreover, T157 was phosphorylated in wild‐type MC1R and a T157D mutation mimicking constitutive phosphorylation allowed normal traffic, and rescued the retention phenotype of R160W and R162P. Therefore, MC1R export is likely regulated by T157 phosphorylation and the 160RARR163 arginine‐based motif functions as an ER retrieval signal. These elements are conserved in mammalian MC1Rs and in all five types of human melanocortin receptors. Thus, members of this GPCR subfamily might share common mechanisms for regulation of plasma membrane expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 640–654, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenic stimulation of intestinal stem cell response in drosophila
Authors: Chatterjee Madhurima , Ip Y. Tony
Published: May 2009

Stem cell‐mediated tissue repair is a promising approach for many diseases. Mammalian intestine is an actively regenerating tissue such that epithelial cells are constantly shedding and underlying precursor cells are constantly replenishing the loss of cells. An imbalance of these processes will lead to intestinal diseases including inflammation and cancer. Mammalian intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are located in bases of crypts but at least two groups of cells have been cited as stem cells. Moreover, precursor cells in the transit amplifying zone can also proliferate. The involvement of multiple cell types makes it more difficult to examine tissue damage response in mammalian intestine. In adult Drosophila midgut, the ISCs are the only cells that can go through mitosis. By feeding pathogenic bacteria and stress inducing chemicals to adult flies, we demonstrate that Drosophila ISCs in the midgut can respond by increasing their division. The resulting enteroblasts, precursor cells for enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, also differentiate faster to become cells resembling enterocyte lineage. These results are consistent with the idea that Drosophila midgut stem cells can respond to tissue damage induced by pathogens and initiate tissue repair. This system should allow molecular and genetic analyses of stem cell‐mediated tissue repair. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 664–671, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of LOX‐1 in monocyte adhesion‐triggered redox, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in endothelial cells
Authors: Sakamoto Nobuo , Ishibashi Toshiyuki , Sugimoto Koichi , Sawamura Tatsuya , Sakamoto Takayuki , Inoue Nobutaka , Saitoh Shu‐ichi , Kamioka Masashi , Uekita Hironori , Ohkawara Hiroshi , Suzuki Koji , Teramoto Tamio , Maruyama Yukio , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: May 2009

This study was conducted to examine the role of lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) in monocyte adhesion‐induced redox‐sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). LOX‐1 was blocked by an antibody‐neutralizing LOX‐1 TS92 or small interfering RNA. In cultured human aortic ECs, monocyte adhesion activated Rac1 and p47phox, and increased NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within 30 min and NF‐κB phosphorylation within 1 h, resulting in redox‐sensitive gene expression. Akt and eNOS phosphorylation was induced 15 min after adding monocytes and returned to control level after 30 min, whereas NO production was not altered by monocyte adhesion. Blockade of LOX‐1 blunted the monocyte adhesion‐triggered redox‐sensitive signaling pathway and Akt/eNOS phosphorylation in ECs. Both endothelial intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ influx caused by monocyte attachment were markedly attenuated by pretreatment of ECs with TS92. This suggests that LOX‐1 is involved in redox‐sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in monocyte adhesion to ECs independent of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). Furthermore, blockade of Ca2+ inhibited monocyte adhesion‐triggered Rac1 and p47phox activation and ROS generation in ECs, whereas Ca2+ signaling was suppressed by blockade of NADPH oxidase and ROS generation. Finally, TS92 blocked the monocyte adhesion to ECs stimulated with or without tumor necrosis factor‐α or ox‐LDL. We provide evidence that LOX‐1 plays a role in redox‐sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in monocyte adhesion to ECs independent of the ox‐LDL–LOX‐1 axis. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 706–715, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of alkali, silicate, and sulfate content of carbonated concrete pore solution on mild steel corrosion behavior
Authors: Huet B. , L'Hostis V. , Tricheux L. , Idrissi H.
Published: May 2009

The increase in the rebar corrosion rate due to the concrete carbonation is the major cause of reinforced concrete degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of mild steel rebars in simulated carbonated concrete solution. For this purpose, thermodynamic calculations, electrochemical techniques, gravimetric measurements, and surface analyses were used. Thermodynamic investigations of the nature of the interstitial solution provides an estimation of the influence of sulfate (${\rm SO}_4^{2 - }$) and alkali (Na+, K+) content on carbonate alkalinity of the CO2/H2O open system (pCO2 = 0.3 mbar). In this system, calcium‐silicate hydrates (C–S–H) remain thermodynamically unstable and amorphous silica controls silicate aqueous content at 100 ppm. Electrochemical results highlight a decrease in the corrosion rate with increasing carbonate alkalinity and the introduction of silicate. The introduction of sulfate at fixed carbonate alkalinity shows a dual effect: at high carbonate alkalinity, the corrosion rate is increased whereas at low carbonate alkalinity, corrosion rate is decreased. Those results are supported by surface analysis. Authors conclude that silicate and sulfate release from cement hydrates and fixation of alkali on carbonated hydrates are key parameters to estimate mild steel corrosion in carbonated concrete.
PMMA Brushes Prepared in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Nett Sebastian K. , Kircher Gunnar , Gutmann Jochen S.
Published: May 2009

In this report, we show the synthesis of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) brushes in the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]). The brushes were prepared on functionalized silicon by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Kinetic study of the ATRP process identified linear and dense brush growth up to thicknesses of 8.3 nm. We used the negligible vapor pressure of the IL as an advantage to prepare polymer brush coatings not only on substrates immersed in the reaction solution, but also in the confined geometry of a “micro” droplet. The living character of the ATRP synthesis supported this method because sequential addition of MMA to the microdroplet increased the brush thickness.

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Synthesis and Properties of Oligophenylene‐Layered Polymers
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Imoto Hiroaki , Miyake Junpei , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: May 2009

We report syntheses of phenylene‐, biphenylene‐, and terphenylene‐layered polymers with a xanthene scaffold by the modified Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction. Their optical properties were studied in detail. The polymer end‐capped by nitrobenzene units, which act as fluorescence quenchers, exhibited the photo‐excited energy transfer from the layered oligophenylenes to the terminal units.

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Homocysteine and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A biochemical, neuroimaging, and genetic study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Oroz Maria C. , Lage Pablo Martínez , Sanchez‐Mut Jose , Lamet Isabel , Pagonabarraga Javier , Toledo Jon B. , García‐Garcia David , Clavero Pedro , Samaranch Lluis , Irurzun Cecilia , Matsubara Juan M. , Irigoien Jaione , Bescos Emilia , Kulisevsky Jaime , Pérez‐Tur Jordi , Obeso Jose A.
Published: May 2009

The role of the plasma level of homocysteine (Hcy), as a primary outcome, and the effect of silent cerebrovascular lesions and genetic variants related to Hcy metabolism, as secondary outcomes, in the cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied. This case–control study focused on 89 PD patients of minimum 10 years of evolution and older than 60 years, who were neuropsychologically classified either as cognitively normal (n = 37), having mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria) (n = 22), or suffering from dementia (DSM‐IV) (n = 30), compared with cognitively normal age‐matched control subjects (n = 30). Plasma levels of Hcy, vitamins B12 and B6, folic acid, polymorphisms in genes related to Hcy metabolism (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, and CBS) and silent cerebrovascular events were analyzed. Plasma levels of Hcy were increased in PD patients (P = 0.0001). There were no differences between the groups of patients. The brain vascular burden was similar among PD groups. There was no association between polymorphisms in the studied genes and the Hcy plasma levels or cognitive status in PD patients. We found no evidence for a direct relationship between Hcy plasma levels and cognitive impairment and dementia in PD. No indirect effect through cerebrovascular disease or genetic background was found either. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Repeatable battery for assessment of neuropsychological status in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yang Chengwu , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Schneider Jay S. , Gollomp Stephen M. , Tilley Barbara C.
Published: May 2009

Adequate reliability and valid factor structure are prerequisites for appropriate use of a measure in a population. Although the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has been used to examine cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD), its reliability and factor structure have not been examined in this population. This study examined the reliability and factor structure of the RBANS in participants with de novo PD recruited for two NIH Exploratory Trials in Parkinson's Disease (NET‐PD), using Cronbach's α and factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was implemented on the factor structure proposed in the RBANS manual, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify a valid factor structure given the proposed one was not supported. The RBANS exhibited poor reliability in participants with NET‐PD. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.03 to 0.74 for the five domains and the full scale. CFA results indicated that the proposed factor structure in the RBANS manual was not supported in this sample. EFA identified a two‐factor structure for six of the 12 RBANS items. Six items were eliminated due to low correlation with other items or severe ceiling effects. This new factor structure was validated by another CFA. The two domains have fair reliability. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.65 to 0.74 for the two factors in the two datasets. These results suggest that the current RBANS domain and total scores may not provide valid measurement of the neuropsychological status for patients with early PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Validation of the questionnaire for impulsive‐compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Hoops Staci , Shea Judy A. , Lyons Kelly E. , Pahwa Rajesh , Driver‐Dunckley Erika D. , Adler Charles H. , Potenza Marc N. , Miyasaki Janis , Siderowf Andrew D. , Duda John E. , Hurtig Howard I. , Colcher Amy , Horn Stacy S. , Stern Matthew B. , Voon Valerie
Published: May 2009

As no comprehensive assessment instrument for impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) exists, the aim of this study was to design and assess the psychometric properties of a self‐administered screening questionnaire for ICDs and other compulsive behaviors in PD. The Questionnaire for Impulsive‐Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP) has 3 sections: Section 1 assesses four ICDs (involving gambling, sexual, buying, and eating behaviors), Section 2 other compulsive behaviors (punding, hobbyism, and walkabout), and Section 3 compulsive medication use. For validation, a convenience sample of 157 PD patients at 4 movement disorders centers first completed the QUIP, and then was administered a diagnostic interview by a trained rater blinded to the QUIP results. A shortened instrument (QUIP‐S) was then explored. The discriminant validity of the QUIP was high for each disorder or behavior (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [ROC AUC]: gambling = 0.95, sexual behavior = 0.97, buying = 0.87, eating = 0.88, punding = 0.78, hobbyism = 0.93, walkabout = 0.79). On post hoc analysis, the QUIP‐S ICD section had similar properties (ROC AUC: gambling = 0.95, sexual behavior = 0.96, buying = 0.87, eating = 0.88). When disorders/behaviors were combined, the sensitivity of the QUIP and QUIP‐S to detect an individual with any disorder was 96 and 94%, respectively. Scores on the QUIP appear to be valid as a self‐assessment screening instrument for a range of ICDs and other compulsive behaviors that occur in PD, and a shortened version may perform as well as the full version. A positive screen should be followed by a comprehensive, clinical interview to determine the range and severity of symptoms, as well as need for clinical management. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
The spinning, structure, and properties of cellulose/chitin blend filaments through HWM method
Authors: He Chunju , Ma Bomou
Published: May 2009

The aim of this paper is the preparation and characterization of cellulose/chitin blend filaments over the experimental blend ratio scope i.e., 2.89 and 6.46% (w/w) chitin content through high wet modulus (HWM) procedure. The spinnability of the invested solutions was found to vary in the following order: chitin < cellulose < 9.5:0.5 blend < 9:1 blend < 8:2 blend < 5:5 blend (9:1 means the mass ratio of cellulose to chitin, so does 9.5:0.5, 8:2, and 5:5). The cross‐section of the blend filaments is of chrysanthemum shape. It was shown through the SEM photographs that there existed grooves on the surface of filaments, which became coarse with increase in chitin content. Based on the data from X‐ray, sonic velocity, intensity, and hygroscopicity, it is concluded that the degree of crystallinity, dry and wet intensity modulus, degree of orientation, and regain rate of the filaments decreased with increase in chitin content in the experiment scope. The mechanical properties of the blend filaments are much higher than those of Crabyon fiber and normal viscose filaments, which proves that the HWM method is an efficient way of preparing cellulose/chitin blend filaments with satisfactory mechanical properties and processing property. The blend filaments prepared have an effective biostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, and Corinebaterium michiganence according to different testing standards. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.