bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of distributing tailored careers e-newsletters on students’ early career-related confidence: A pilot study
Authors: Das Mita , Do Mark , Chan Eva
Published: June 2014

In 2013, approximately 14,000 students were enrolled at the Australian School of Business at the University of New South Wales. Although many of these students access the services and resources of the University of New South Wales’s Careers and Employment (5446 students in 2012), there are still a substantial number of students who approach the end of their degree and want to transition into the Australian workforce but have little understanding about the graduate recruitment process and how to best demonstrate their employability. As a result, the present study sought to identify an effective, resource efficient and inexpensive careers intervention that would have a wide reach to enable more students to increase their confidence in applying for graduate jobs.
Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations to Prevent/Manage Post-Lumbar Puncture Headaches in Pediatric Patients Receiving Intrathecal Chemotherapy
Authors: Rusch Rebecca , Schulta Christina , Hughes Laura , Withycombe Janice S.
Published: June 2014

Post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPHs) are a known complication of lumbar puncture procedures. Children undergoing treatment for cancer often undergo multiple lumbar punctures, placing them at increased risk for PLPHs. There are currently no guidelines for the prevention or management of PLPHs in children. A team was therefore assembled to conduct a systematic review of the evidence in relationship to PLPHs in the pediatric population. Clinical questions were developed and used to guide the literature review. Twenty-four articles were deemed appropriate for use and were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Based on the review of evidence, strong recommendations are made for the use of smaller needle sizes and for the use of pencil point needles during lumbar puncture procedures. Weak recommendations are made for needle orientation and positioning following the procedure as well as for interventions used to treat PLPHs once they occur. There is a need for additional, pediatric-specific studies to further examine the issue of PLPH prevention and treatment.
Neutropenia Precautions for Children Receiving Chemotherapy or Stem Cell Transplantation for Cancer
Authors: Mize Lindsay , Harris Nichol , Stokhuyzen Andre , Avery Teresa , Cash Jayne , Kasse Monica , Sanborn Chelse , Leonardelli Adrianne , Rodgers Cheryl , Hockenberry Marilyn
Published: June 2014

Infections in children and adolescents with cancer are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in those receiving chemotherapy who are neutropenic and/or immunocompromised. The aim of this article is to review existing evidence in order to provide a practice recommendation to prevent or minimize infections in neutropenic and/or immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplant. Systematic reviews were undertaken and research was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. A variety of interventions are implemented to reduce infections in the neutropenic and/or immunocompromised population; however, few are supported by research evidence. Existing literature should continue to be reviewed to further identify interventions that can influence positive patient outcomes and provide opportunities for individuals in the medical field to work together to improve clinical care.
Social Work as an Action Science
Authors: Sommerfeld Peter
Published: June 2014

It is a surprising fact that social work is not conceived as a scientific discipline in many countries and especially in the United States. It is surprising because the extent of academic social work programs and the scientific output of people working at schools of social work are significant. And it is surprising anyway if social work is conceived as a profession that by definition is linked to scientific knowledge. This article presents a characterization of the debate on social work science that has been led in the German-speaking countries. As a consequence of this debate and following the philosophy of science as developed by Mario Bunge, it introduces some basic propositions on how to conceive social work as a science, namely as a transdisciplinary action science ( Handlungswissenschaft)1 and outlines the target of building a consolidated knowledge base of social work as well as the challenges related to this goal.
What do Australian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Abuse Want From Family and Friends?
Authors: Taket Ann , O’Doherty Lorna , Valpied Jodie , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: June 2014

We analyzed the views of a diverse sample of women ( N = 254) living in the state of Victoria, Australia, who were experiencing fear of an intimate partner. We explored the women’s views about their interactions with their family and friends to examine what women who have experienced fear of a partner or ex-partner want from their family and friends. The themes identified provide potentially useful guidance for what might be helpful and unhelpful communication strategies and behaviors for families and friends. Women experiencing intimate partner abuse find informal support invaluable, provided it is delivered in a helpful fashion. Helpful support is affirming, encouraging, validating, and understanding, and delivered with positive regard, empathy, and respect. Social contact and interaction are particularly appreciated, as is instrumental support such as financial help, housing, and child care. Women value both support that is directly related to abuse and support related to other areas of life.
The Ecology of Wireless Newspapers
Authors: Arceneaux Noah
Published: June 2014

The phenomenon of “wireless newspapers” at the beginning of the twentieth century combined journalism and airwave transmissions. Years before radio became a mainstream medium, newspapers used and promoted wireless telegraphy to send stories for publication on sea-going vessels and on two islands off the coast of the United States. Drawing on archival research, this historical study uses the concept of media ecology to analyze the factors involved in the introduction and fate of a new technology designed to meet the demand for the latest information.
A Meta-Analysis of Relationships Linking Service Failure Attributions to Customer Outcomes
Authors: Van Vaerenbergh Yves , Orsingher Chiara , Vermeir Iris , Larivière Bart
Published: June 2014

When they experience service failures, customers look for causes. They seek to understand whether the service firm could have prevented the failure (controllability attribution) and whether the cause of the failure is temporary or constant over time (stability attribution). To understand such attributions, we perform a meta-analysis. We find that causal attributions are related to emotional and cognitive reactions in several ways. First, controllability attributions elicit stronger negative emotions than do stability attributions. Second, controllability attributions directly affect only transaction-specific satisfaction, whereas stability attributions directly affect customers’ transaction-specific and overall satisfaction. Third, both attributions affect loyalty and negative word of mouth through negative emotions, overall satisfaction, and transaction-specific satisfaction. Finally, contextual (i.e., cultural values), methodological (i.e., type of failure), and measurement factors (i.e., measurement scale) partly explain studywise variation in the effects of attributions on customer outcomes. We recommend that companies manage reactions to service failure thrice: before customers formulate attributional beliefs, using fast and accurate communication; when the attributional beliefs are formed, offering employee assistance and compensations; and well after the attributional beliefs are established, providing feedback on process improvements by the company.
Groomers and Consumers
Authors: Frank Elena
Published: June 2014

With the understanding that gender is a complex construct and that masculinity is a process—something that is accomplished or achieved—this research explores the present-day popular discourses around male body hair in two popular men’s lifestyle magazines, examining their significance to a modern-day construction of what it means to be masculine. These findings suggest that male body hair is overwhelmingly represented negatively, with its depilation largely constructed in relation to heterosexual concerns, as important for health and hygiene, and a form of exerting (self) control in a time of masculinity crisis. Additionally, this analysis indicates that heterosexual men are increasingly encouraged to be groomers and consumers in the beauty market. Ultimately, these findings highlight the fluidity of gender, illuminating how the appropriation of marginalized gender practices may actually perpetuate, rather than challenge, class- and race-based power inequalities among men. With the hegemony of affluent heterosexual white men increasingly threatened by the growing presence of class and racial Others in previously homogenous spheres, this research suggests that the development of an embodied, classed aesthetic through body depilation may in fact be essential for the reestablishment of these men’s masculine identities.
Study on angular displacement characteristics on topological optimum design problem of hydrodynamic thrust air bearing
Authors: Ochiai Masayuki , Sunami Yuta , Hashimoto Hiromu
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this research is to find the optimum groove geometry to enhance the stiffness against the axial and angular direction of thrust bearing simultaneously. In order to fulfill the requirement of miniaturization and thinning of many devices, the topological optimization is conducted to maximize the axial and angular stiffness of thrust air bearing. Applying the boundary fitted coordinate system and spline interpolation function make it possible to change the shape of bearing groove freely, and then the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearings are calculated numerically by using the divergence formulation method. The spring and damping coefficients against the axial and angular fluctuations are obtained by applying the assumption of the micro vibration of bearing clearance and pressure to the numerical method. Based on the numerical calculation method, topological optimization is conducted. As a result, a new groove shape having two curved portions is obtained. In case of the optimized bearing, positive pressure in the outer circumference on the bearing surface and negative pressure in the inner circumference are simultaneously generated. Comparing the maximum pressure, it was found that the optimized bearing is superior to spiral-grooved bearing. Moreover, drastically improvements in the axial and angular stiffness of the optimized bearing are shown.
Social support mediates loneliness and depression in elderly people
Authors: Liu Lijun , Gou Zhenggang , Zuo Junnan
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the effect of loneliness on depression and further tested the mediating effect of social support. A total of 320 elderly persons completed the Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results revealed that loneliness and social support significantly correlated with depression. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that social support partially mediates loneliness and depression. The final model illustrated a significant path from loneliness to depression through social support. This study sheds light on the concurrent effects of loneliness and social support on depression, providing evidence on how to reduce depression among the elderly.
The future of three-dimensional printing: Intellectual property or intellectual confinement?
Authors: Santoso Stephanie M , Wicker Stephen B
Published: June 2014

For the first 25 years, three-dimensional printing was the domain of industrial manufacturing and engineering. Through the open-source movement and peer production, this disruptive technology has become more widely available. This article considers how the future development and use of three-dimensional printing may be facilitated or inhibited through intellectual property law and practice. Using a combination of technical, legal, and policy analysis, we conclude that the potential for patent infringement is a primary issue in the continued development of three-dimensional printing technology. When it comes to the printed objects themselves, copyright issues will be the main focus of this debate. As these issues become more pervasive, some copyright holders will find technology-based solutions to enforce copyright laws and restrict printing activities. A common recourse is digital rights management as a means for protecting intellectual property, but its use has the potential for imposing unnecessarily stringent limitations on the use of three-dimensional printing.
Implications of the family expert role for parental rules regarding adolescent use of social technologies
Authors: Fletcher Anne C , Blair Bethany L
Published: June 2014

We conducted individual semi-structured qualitative interviews with a diverse group of 40 adolescents to assess their perceptions related to (a) the location of expert power within their families with respect to social technology use (cell phones and social networking sites) and (b) the implications of such power for parental rule setting and enforcement related to adolescent use of these technologies. Results indicated substantial variability in who adolescents perceived to be the family experts. Rules regarding access to social technologies existed in most families regardless of the technology type and regardless of whether parents or youth were perceived as technology experts. In contrast, family expert status had implications for the types of content rules that parents set regarding adolescents’ use of social technologies and the manner in which such rules were enforced.
Two dynamic explicit methods based on double time steps
Authors: Yang Chao , Xiao Shoune , Lu Liantao , Zhu Tao
Published: June 2014

The primary purpose of this paper is to develop novel fast dynamic methods for large-scale problems of structural dynamics at the least computational efforts. The explicit method of double time steps (EMDTS) is proposed through integration with the assumption of linear acceleration in two time steps. The corrected explicit method of double time steps (CEMDTS) is obtained after correcting the EMDTS. The analyses of stability, accuracy, numerical dissipation and dispersion are performed on the proposed methods. Finally, both linear and nonlinear numerical examples are utilised for the comparison of the two new methods and the established methods. The results show that the EMDTS is unstable in undamped linear systems; however, the CEMDTS has a nondissipative property and the same stability condition as the explicit central difference method (ECDM). The amplitude error of the EMDTS is greater than that of the CEMDTS and the ECDM when the time step is large. The CEMDTS possesses excellent comprehensive properties with less damping ratio error and periodic error than the ECDM in the case of small time steps at almost the same computational efforts. Three numerical examples manifest that the CEMDTS is better than the EMDTS, and endowed with good accuracy and stable properties.
Improved low-temperature activity for marine selective catalytic reduction systems
Authors: Magnusson Mathias , Fridell Erik , Härelind Hanna
Published: June 2014

Through the international work carried out recently by International Maritime Organization Marine Environment Protection Committee, the need for improved selective catalytic reduction systems for marine applications at low and transient temperatures has been acknowledged. It is of importance to improve the low-temperature activity to achieve compliance with the upcoming stricter International Maritime Organization NOX regulation (Tier III, 80% reduction) for ships. This study therefore investigates the possibilities to improve the low-temperature activity for a commercial vanadium-based urea-selective catalytic reduction catalyst for marine applications. By altering the NO2/NOX ratio, the reaction proceeds in the fast selective catalytic reduction reaction regime, which is especially beneficial at low and transient temperatures and in combination with SO2 and H2O. For both steady-state and transient modes, it is suggested that an improved low-temperature activity for the marine selective catalytic reduction system can be achieved by increasing the NO2/NOX ratio to 50%, whereby utilizing the fast selective catalytic reduction reaction scheme. The fast selective catalytic reduction can significantly improve the NOX reduction already at 250 °C in the presence of water or sulfur. The fast selective catalytic reduction will, however, require an increased NO2 fraction in the exhaust gases, preferably 50%, which may be achieved by placing an oxidation catalyst upstream of the selective catalytic reduction. The use of an oxidation catalyst upstream of the selective catalytic reduction can offer a possibility to achieve International Maritime Organization Tier III compliance at low and transient temperatures, but to avoid formation of ammonium nitrates and possible ammonium sulfates, temperatures should be kept above 250 °C in combination with marine fuels with a maximum of 0.10 wt% S.
Enhanced functional properties of cotton fabrics using TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Dhineshbabu NR , Arunmetha S , Manivasakan P , Karunakaran G , Rajendran V
Published: June 2014

Anatase titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared from natural minerals (rutile sand) using acid extraction by sol–gel method. The obtained X-ray diffraction results show that the particle possesses crystallite size of 12 nm. The colloidal silica and TiO2 nanoparticle-embedded colloidal silica solutions were prepared using sol–gel method followed by sonication process. The particle size was measured for the prepared colloidal TiO2/SiO2 sol. The prepared solution was coated on the surface of the cotton fabric through pad-dry-cure method. Elemental analysis confirms the presence of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite along with cellulose on the surface of the fabric. The washing durability of the coated fabrics after fifth and 10th washes indicates that the nanoparticles strongly adhered to the fabric surface. The ultraviolet resistance, burning performance, and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria of TiO2/SiO2-coated fabric were found to be better than those of un-coated fabrics before and after washing.
Solitary Kidney With Renal Artery Aneurysm Repaired by Ex Vivo Reconstruction
Authors: Palcau Laura , Gouicem Djelloul , Joguet Etienne , Cameliere Lucie , Berger Ludovic
Published: June 2014

A 22-year-old pregnant female with pyelonephritis was found to have a 26-mm left renal artery aneurysm with unknown right kidney agenesis diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Computed tomographic angiography with 3-dimensional reconstructions confirmed a saccular aneurysm localized at the bifurcation of the left posterior segmental artery. The patient ultimately underwent successful ex vivo left renal artery aneurysm repair with autotransplantation. Pathologic evaluation of the resected aneurysm confirmed the diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia. Fibromuscular dysplasia is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension and can, in rare cases, be associated with the development of renal artery aneurysms.
Femoral Vein Repair of Arterial Infections
Authors: Budtz-Lilly Jacob , Eldrup Nikolaj , Vammen Sten , Laustsen Jesper
Published: June 2014

Introduction:

Success with the neoaortoiliac system (NAIS) bypass has previously been reported. Drawbacks to this procedure include prolonged operative times and significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a 2-team approach in addition to a consistent anastomosis technique reduces the operative time of the NAIS procedure.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective review was performed for operations using femoral vein in arterial reconstruction from 2003 to 2012.

Results:

A total of 40 patients, 25 men and 15 women, were included for analysis. Median operative time for all operations was 300 minutes (interquartile range). Thirty-day mortality was 7.5% (n = 3). Assisted primary patency at 1 year was 100%.

Conclusion:

A 2-surgical team approach can reduce the operative time by up to 50%. This improves the attractiveness of this procedure, particularly when recalling that the treatment is definitive by virtue of its eradication of the source of infection.
Inference about the expected performance of a data-driven dynamic treatment regime
Authors: Chakraborty Bibhas , Laber Eric B , Zhao Ying-Qi
Published: June 2014

Background

A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) comprises a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of intervention, that recommends how to individualize treatment to patients based on evolving treatment and covariate history. These regimes are useful for managing chronic disorders, and fit into the larger paradigm of personalized medicine. The Value of a DTR is the expected outcome when the DTR is used to assign treatments to a population of interest.

Purpose

The Value of a data-driven DTR, estimated using data from a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial, is both a data-dependent parameter and a non-smooth function of the underlying generative distribution. These features introduce additional variability that is not accounted for by standard methods for conducting statistical inference, for example, the bootstrap or normal approximations, if applied without adjustment. Our purpose is to provide a feasible method for constructing valid confidence intervals (CIs) for this quantity of practical interest.

Methods

We propose a conceptually simple and computationally feasible method for constructing valid CIs for the Value of an estimated DTR based on subsampling. The method is self-tuning by virtue of an approach called the double bootstrap. We demonstrate the proposed method using a series of simulated experiments.

Results

The proposed method offers considerable improvement in terms of coverage rates of the CIs over the standard bootstrap approach.

Limitations

In this article, we have restricted our attention to Q-learning for estimating the optimal DTR. However, other methods can be employed for this purpose; to keep the discussion focused, we have not explored these alternatives.

Conclusion

Subsampling-based CIs provide much better performance compared to standard bootstrap for the Value of an estimated DTR.
Screen failure data in clinical trials: Are screening logs worth it?
Authors: Elm Jordan J , Palesch Yuko , Easton J Donald , Lindblad Anne , Barsan William , Silbergleit Robert , Conwit Robin , Dillon Catherine , Farrant Mary , Battenhouse Holly , Perlmutter Aaron , Johnston S Claiborne
Published: June 2014

Background

Clinical trials frequently spend considerable effort to collect data on patients who were assessed for eligibility but not enrolled. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines’ recommended flow diagram for randomized clinical trials reinforces the belief that the collection of screening data is a necessary and worthwhile endeavor. The rationale for collecting screening data includes scientific, trial management, and ethno-socio-cultural reasons.

Purpose

We posit that the cost of collecting screening data is not justified, in part due to inability to centrally monitor and verify the screening data in the same manner as other clinical trial data.

Methods

To illustrate the effort and site-to-site variability, we analyzed the screening data from a multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients with transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT)).

Results

Data were collected on over 27,000 patients screened across 172 enrolling sites, 95% of whom were not enrolled. Although the rate of return of screen failure logs was high overall (95%), there were a considerable number of logs that were returned with ‘no data to report’ (23%), often due to administrative reasons rather than no patients screened.

Conclusion

In spite of attempts to standardize the collection of screening data, due to differences in site processes, multicenter clinical trials face challenges in collecting those data completely and uniformly. The efforts required to centrally collect high-quality data on an extensive number of screened patients may outweigh the scientific value of the data. Moreover, the lack of a standardized definition of ‘screened’ and the challenges of collecting meaningful characteristics for patients who have not signed consent limits the ability to compare across studies and to assess generalizability and selection bias as intended.
Saddlepoint approximation-based reliability analysis method for structural systems with parameter uncertainties
Authors: Xiao Ning-Cong , Li Yan-Feng , Yu Le , Wang Zhonglai , Huang Hong-Zhong
Published: June 2014

Due to epistemic uncertainty, precisely determining parameters of all distribution is impossible in engineering practice. In this article, a novel reliability analysis method based on the saddlepoint approximation is proposed for structural systems with parameter uncertainties. The proposed method includes four main steps: (1) sampling for random and probability-box variables, (2) approximating the cumulant generating functions for systems under the best and worst cases, (3) calculating saddlepoints for the best and worst cases, and (4) calculating the lower and upper bounds of the probability of failure. The proposed method is effective because it does not require a large sample size or solving complicated integrals. Furthermore, the proposed method provides results that have the same accuracy as the existing interval Monte Carlo simulation method, but with significantly reduced computational effort. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with three examples that are compared against with the interval Monte Carlo simulation method.
Treatment With Novel Galactomannan Derivative Reduces 2-Hour Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Oral Medications and/or Insulin
Authors: Trask Laura E. , Chaidarun Sushela S. , Platt David , Parkin Christopher G.
Published: June 2014

Background:

Galactomannan is an insoluble polysaccharide that has been shown to reduce postprandial excursions. We assessed the impact of a novel galactomannan derivative (PAZ320) on the magnitude of 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with oral medication and/or insulin.

Methods:

Investigators recently reported findings from a single-center, open-label, prospective study that evaluated the efficacy of PAZ320 in 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were treated with oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin. End points included adverse events and area under the curve during 3-hour postprandial glucose excursion (gAUC). Subjects consumed a test meal without PAZ320 at baseline and then ingested low-dose (8 g) and high-dose (16 g) PAZ320 with test meals at subsequent intervention visits. A post hoc analysis was conducted to determine changes in 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions.

Results:

Among the 20 subjects for whom data were available for all clinic visit test meals, 15 (75%) responded to low-dose, high-dose, or both medication dosages. Low-dose responders (n = 8) experienced clinically significant improvements in 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions from baseline excursions compared with nonresponders (–28.00 ± 25.97 mg/dL vs 23.42 ± 11.45 mg/dL, P = .005). Similar differences were seen in high-dose responders (–28.82 ± 24.26 vs 33.89 ± 20.56 mg/dL, P < .0001).

Conclusions:

PAZ320 was shown to be safe in all patients studied and effective in controlling postprandial glucose in a large portion of the study population. Additional studies are needed to determine its long-term effects on HbA1c and to further define which subpopulation(s) may respond to PAZ320 therapy.
A New Model for Sexual Assault Protection
Authors: Holtzman Mellisa , Menning Chadwick
Published: June 2014

Sexual assault self-protection programs often address either broad educational goals (e.g., alcohol awareness, gender, and safety) or are restricted to the practice of violent hands-on self-protection techniques. Enrollment is almost entirely restricted to female audiences, in spite of a high risk of assault among gay men. We describe the development of Elemental, a sexual assault protection program, wherein we undertook a sociologically grounded yet multidisciplinary approach to produce a holistic and inclusive program that teaches a variety of response options, including nonviolent physical and verbal techniques. Through the use of survey data from program participants and a control group, we present results of initial longitudinal tests of the efficacy of the program. Directions for further testing and development are discussed.
Access to and Utilization of the Health Services Among the Patients in a Government Homeopathic Hospital in West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Shubhamoy , Saha Subhranil , Koley Munmun , Kundu Monojit , Mondal Ramkumar , Patra Supratim
Published: June 2014

Accessibility to and utilization of the hospital health services is a complex and multifaceted issue. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the patients of health services, current level of access to and utilization of services and to identify barriers and socioeconomic disparities in an Indian homeopathic hospital. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in December 2013 on systematically sampled 377 patients. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression. Mean knowledge score and perceived mean difficulties in access to and utilization of services were 68.4% and 78.5%, respectively. Knowledge of the services was influenced by age, residence, education, speaking and reading of Bengali language, and income status ( P < .05). Difficulty in access to and utilization of the health services were influenced by residence, understanding of Bengali language, and monthly household income ( P < .05). Overall, health service access and utilization appeared promising, but needs improvement.
Prenominal and Postnominal Adjectives in Arabic
Authors: Al Mahmoud Mahmoud S.
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the status of prenominal and postnominal adjectives in Arabic. It is argued that Kremers’s treatment of adjectives is non-economic as it generates two different syntactic representations for prenominal and postnominal adjectives. It also undermines endocentric properties of phrasal projections and fails to correctly predict the definiteness status of adjectival construct state heads. The article proposes an alternative analysis with a single underlying syntactic structure for both types of adjectives. The need to have nominal features of the specifier (Spec) of the agreement phrase head (Agr) checked and licensed within the determiner phrase (DP) triggers leftward noun phrase (NP) movement, thus forming postnominal adjectives. In prenominal adjectives, however, the strong Definiteness Feature (DEF) on the determiner (D) causes the adjective phrase to raise to the specifier of the DP.
Plain Language and Organizational Challenges
Authors: Pedersen Karsten
Published: June 2014

Changing the language in an organization is a major organizational change. In this article, I discuss some of the organizational challenges for one specific language change implementation, taking the stance that language change must be treated as any other organizational change for it to have an effect. I work with the case of the Danish tax authorities’ language project aimed at producing more readable letters. The empirical data that I work with are two qualitative informant interviews. One recorded at the language project’s headquarters where they lay out the general lines for the project, and the other at the payment center where they use the revised letters.
Pseudo-Pelvic Mass
Authors: Hill Donald S. , Hill Jeffrey
Published: June 2014

Joint replacement is becoming a more common surgical procedure, and it may have unusual or unexpected postoperative complications. This case report discusses the evaluation of a large pelvic mass first noted on physical examination and ultimately diagnosed by sonography and computed tomography as a chronic hematoma resulting from a failed total left hip arthroplasty.
Isolated trisomy 13 defines a homogeneous AML subgroup with high frequency of mutations in spliceosome genes and poor prognosis
Authors: Herold Tobias , Metzeler Klaus H. , Vosberg Sebastian , Hartmann Luise , Röllig Christoph , Stölzel Friedrich , Schneider Stephanie , Hubmann Max , Zellmeier Evelyn , Ksienzyk Bianka , Jurinovic Vindi , Pasalic Zlatana , Kakadia Purvi M. , Dufour Annika , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Sauerland Maria Cristina , Büchner Thomas , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Woermann Bernhard J. , Bornhäuser Martin , Ehninger Gerhard , Mansmann Ulrich , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Bohlander Stefan K. , Spiekermann Karsten , Greif Philipp A.
Published: June 2014

Key Points

AML patients with isolated trisomy 13 have a very poor clinical outcome Isolated trisomy 13 in AML is associated with a high frequency of mutations in SRSF2 (81%) and RUNX1 (75%)
HLA-haploidentical transplantation with regulatory and conventional T-cell adoptive immunotherapy prevents acute leukemia relapse
Authors: Martelli Massimo F. , Di Ianni Mauro , Ruggeri Loredana , Falzetti Franca , Carotti Alessandra , Terenzi Adelmo , Pierini Antonio , Massei Maria Speranza , Amico Lucia , Urbani Elena , Del Papa Beatrice , Zei Tiziana , Iacucci Ostini Roberta , Cecchini Debora , Tognellini Rita , Reisner Yair , Aversa Franco , Falini Brunangelo , Velardi Andrea
Published: June 2014

Key Points

Haploidentical transplantation with regulatory and conventional T-cell adoptive immunotherapy prevents high-risk acute leukemia relapse. The GVL effect is separated from GVHD even across major HLA barriers.
Surgical and nonsurgical approaches to small-size nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: De Ruysscher Dirk , Nakagawa Kazuo , Asamura Hisao
Published: June 2014

Lobectomy and systematic nodal dissection are still the standard for small-size (<3 cm) nonsmall cell lung cancer. There is growing interest in more parenchyma-sparing surgery, so-called sublobar resections (wedge resection or segmentectomy). Indeed, nonrandomised trials suggest that a segmentectomy may result in local control rates that are similar to lobectomy. Nonsurgical approaches, such as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, consistently result in local control rates of ∼90% and survival rates that are comparable to lobectomy. Therefore, we are moving towards an era in which several therapeutic possibilities are available, that are probably equivalent from an oncological point of view. Further trials are needed to define the optimal therapy for individual patients.
Pathophysiology of human ventilatory control
Authors: Dempsey Jerome A. , Smith Curtis A.
Published: June 2014

We review the substantial recent progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms controlling breathing and the applicability of these findings to selected human diseases. Emphasis is placed on the sites of central respiratory rhythm and pattern generation as well as newly described functions of the carotid chemoreceptors, the integrative nature of the central chemoreceptors, and the interaction between peripheral and central chemoreception. Recent findings that support critical contributions from cortical central command and muscle afferent feedback to exercise hyperpnoea are also reviewed. These basic principles, and the evidence supporting chemoreceptor and ventilatory control system plasticity during and following constant and intermittent hypoxaemia and stagnant hypoxia, are applied to: 1) the pathogenesis, consequences and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea; and 2) exercise hyperpnoea and its control and limitations with ageing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure.
CFTR: cystic fibrosis and beyond
Authors: Mall Marcus A. , Hartl Dominik
Published: June 2014

Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most common fatal hereditary lung disease. The discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene 25 years ago set the stage for: 1) unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of CF lung disease; 2) the generation of animal models to studyin vivopathogenesis; and 3) the development of mutation-specific therapies that are now becoming available for a subgroup of patients with CF. This article highlights major advances in our understanding of how CFTR dysfunction causes chronic mucus obstruction, neutrophilic inflammation and bacterial infection in CF airways. Furthermore, we focus on recent breakthroughs and remaining challenges of novel therapies targeting the basic CF defect, and discuss the next steps to be taken to make disease-modifying therapies available to a larger group of patients with CF, including those carrying the most common mutation ΔF508-CFTR. Finally, we will summarise emerging evidence indicating that acquired CFTR dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suggesting that lessons learned from CF may be applicable to common airway diseases associated with mucus plugging.
MicroRNA response to hypoxic stress in soft tissue sarcoma cells: microRNA mediated regulation of HIF3α
Authors: Gits Caroline MM , van Kuijk Patricia F , de Rijck Jonneke CWM , Muskens Nikky , Jonkers Moniek BE , van IJcken Wilfred F , Mathijssen Ron HJ , Verweij Jaap , Sleijfer Stefan , Wiemer Erik AC
Published: June 2014

Background

Hypoxia is often encountered in solid tumors and known to contribute to aggressive tumor behavior, radiation- and chemotherapy resistance resulting in a poor prognosis for the cancer patient. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the regulation of the tumor cell response to hypoxia, however, not much is known about the involvement of miRNAs in hypoxic signalling pathways in soft tissue sarcomas (STS).

Method

A panel of twelve STS cell lines was exposed to atmospheric oxygen concentrations (normoxia) or 1% oxygen (hypoxia) for up to 48 h. Hypoxic conditions were verified and miRNA expression profiles were assessed by LNA™ oligonucleotide microarrays and RT-PCR after 24 h. The expression of target genes regulated by hypoxia responsive miRNAs is examined by end-point PCR and validated by luciferase reporter constructs.

Results

Exposure of STS cell lines to hypoxic conditions gave rise to upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) 1α protein levels and increased mRNA expression of HIF1 target genes CA9 and VEGFA. Deregulation of miRNA expression after 24 h of hypoxia was observed. The most differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.001) in response to hypoxia were miR-185-3p, miR-485-5p, miR-216a-5p (upregulated) and miR-625-5p (downregulated). The well-known hypoxia responsive miR-210-3p could not be reliably detected by the microarray platform most likely for technical reasons, however, its upregulation upon hypoxic stress was apparent by qPCR. Target prediction algorithms identified 11 potential binding sites for miR-485-5p and a single putative miR-210-3p binding site in the 3’UTR of HIF3α, the least studied member of the HIF family. We showed that HIF3α transcripts, expressing a 3’UTR containing the miR-485-5p and miR-210-3p target sites, are expressed in all sarcoma cell lines and upregulated upon hypoxia. Additionally, luciferase reporter constructs containing the 3’UTR of HIF3α were used to demonstrate regulation of HIF3α by miR-210-3p and miR-485-5p.

Conclusion

Here we provide evidence for the miRNA mediated regulation of HIF3α by hypoxia responsive miRNAs in STS, which may help to tightly regulate and fine-tune the hypoxic response. This provides a better insight into the mechanisms underlying the hypoxic response in STS and may ultimately yield information on novel prognostic and predictive markers or targets for treatment.
The Korean Society for Biomaterials joins forces with BioMed Central
Authors: Noh Insup
Published: June 2014

It is my pleasure to usher in a new era for
Biomaterials Research
in 2014: gold open access. The journal has a long history of publishing research across the broad spectrum of biomedical materials. Supported by the Korea Research Foundation, it was founded in 1996 as the official journal of the Korean Society for Biomaterials.
Biomaterials Research
now joins BioMed Central’s portfolio of open access journals.
Enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap generation in rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of underlying signal transduction pathways and potential diagnostic utility
Authors: Sur Chowdhury Chanchal , Giaglis Stavros , Walker Ulrich A , Buser Andreas , Hahn Sinuhe , Hasler Paul
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been implicated in a number of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the underlying signaling pathways triggering enhanced NETosis in RA and ascertained whether the products of NETosis had diagnostic implications or usefulness.

Methods

Neutrophils were isolated from RA patients with active disease and from controls. Spontaneous NET formation from RA and control neutrophils was assessed in vitro with microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for NETosis-derived products. The analysis of the signal-transduction cascade included reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and citrullinated histone 3 (citH3). NET formation was studied in response to serum and synovial fluid and immunoglobulin G (IgG) depleted and reconstituted serum. Serum was analyzed for NETosis-derived products, for which receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated.

Results

Neutrophils from RA cases exhibited increased spontaneous NET formation in vitro, associated with elevated ROS production, enhanced NE and MPO expression, nuclear translocation of PAD4, PAD4-mediated citrullination of H3, and altered nuclear morphology. NET formation in both anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive and -negative RA was abolished by IgG depletion, but restored only with ACPA-positive IgG. NETosis-derived products in RA serum demonstrated diagnostic potential, the ROC area under the curve for cell-free nucleosomes being >97%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 92%. No significant difference was observed between ACPA-positive and -negative cases.

Conclusions

Signaling elements associated with the extrusion of NETs are significantly enhanced to promote NETosis in RA compared with healthy controls. NETosis depended on the presence of ACPA in ACPA-positive RA serum. The quantitation of NETosis-derived products, such as cell-free nucleosomes in serum, may be a useful complementary tool to discriminate between healthy controls and RA cases.
Aripiprazole once-monthly for treatment of schizophrenia: double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority study
Authors: Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang , Sanchez Raymond , Perry Pamela P. , Jin Na , Peters-Strickland Timothy , Johnson Brian R. , Baker Ross A. , Eramo Anna , McQuade Robert D. , Carson William H. , Walling David , Kane John M.
Published: June 2014

Background

Long-acting injectable formulations of antipsychotics are treatment alternatives to oral agents.

Aims

To assess the efficacy of aripiprazole once-monthly compared with oral aripiprazole for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

Method

A 38-week, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority study; randomisation (2:2:1) to aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg, oral aripiprazole (10–30 mg/day) or aripiprazole once-monthly 50mg (a dose below the therapeutic threshold for assay sensitivity). (Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00706654.)

Results

A total of 1118 patients were screened, and 662 responders to oral aripiprazole were randomised. Kaplan–Meier estimated impending relapse rates at week 26 were 7.12% for aripiprazole once-monthly 400mg and 7.76% for oral aripiprazole. This difference (−0.64%, 95% CI −5.26 to 3.99) excluded the predefined non-inferiority margin of 11.5%. Treatments were superior to aripiprazole once-monthly 50mg (21.80%, P⩽0.001).

Conclusions

Aripiprazole once-monthly 400mg was non-inferior to oral aripiprazole, and the reduction in Kaplan–Meier estimated impending relapse rate at week 26 was statistically significant v. aripiprazole once-monthly 50 mg.
Effect of polygenic risk scores on depression in childhood trauma
Authors: Peyrot Wouter J. , Milaneschi Yuri , Abdellaoui Abdel , Sullivan Patrick F. , Hottenga Jouke J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H.
Published: June 2014

Background

Research on gene×environment interaction in major depressive disorder (MDD) has thus far primarily focused on candidate genes, although genetic effects are known to be polygenic.

Aims

To test whether the effect of polygenic risk scores on MDD is moderated by childhood trauma.

Method

The study sample consisted of 1645 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and 340 screened controls from The Netherlands. Chronic or remitted episodes (severe MDD) were present in 956 participants. The occurrence of childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Interview and the polygenic risk scores were based on genome-wide meta-analysis results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.

Results

The polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma independently affected MDD risk, and evidence was found for interaction as departure from both multiplicativity and additivity, indicating that the effect of polygenic risk scores on depression is increased in the presence of childhood trauma. The interaction effects were similar in predicting all MDD risk and severe MDD risk, and explained a proportion of variation in MDD risk comparable to the polygenic risk scores themselves.

Conclusions

The interaction effect found between polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma implies that (1) studies on direct genetic effect on MDD gain power by focusing on individuals exposed to childhood trauma, and that (2) individuals with both high polygenic risk scores and exposure to childhood trauma are particularly at risk for developing MDD.
Economic suicides in the Great Recession in Europe and North
America
Authors: Reeves Aaron , McKee Martin , Stuckler David
Published: June 2014

There has been a substantial rise in ‘economic suicides' in the Great
Recessions afflicting Europe and North America. We estimate that the Great
Recession is associated with at least 10 000 additional economic suicides
between 2008 and 2010. A critical question for policy and psychiatric
practice is whether these suicide rises are inevitable. Marked
cross-national variations in suicides in the recession offer one clue that
they are potentially avoidable. Job loss, debt and foreclosure increase
risks of suicidal thinking. A range of interventions, from upstream
return-to-work programmes through to antidepressant prescriptions may help
mitigate suicide risk during economic downturn.