bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of fingering instability by vibrations
Authors: Lyubimova Tatyana , Ivantsov Andrey , Lyubimov Dmitry
Published: May 2021

In applications involving the injection of a fluid in a porous medium to displace another fluid, a main objective is the maximization of the displacement efficiency. Displacement fronts moving in porous media are subjected to hydrodynamic instability when a liquid of low viscosity displaces a high-viscosity liquid and consequently finger-like structure forms along the interface. This finger instability is usually undesirable in technical applications and natural filtration processes. We discuss the external periodic forcing as one of the promising ways to control the instability and perform numerical simulation of an initially spherical drop in a porous media under vertical vibrations. The drop is a favorable object to study since in this case one can observe the effect of vibrations on fluid interface domains inclined by different angles with respect to vibration axis. It is shown that under vibrations small-scale perturbations of interface are suppressed and in the case of vibrations of large enough intensity the drop becomes stable. The stability criterion is derived.
WHO-Leitlinie: Körperliche Aktivität, Bewegungsmangel
und Schlaf für Kinder unter 5 Jahren
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund Die frühe Kindheit ist eine Zeit in der sich
Verhaltensweisen formen und Familien für Änderungen des
Lebensstils offen sind.

Ziel Diese Leitlinie gibt Empfehlungen wie viele Stunden Kleinkinder unter
5 Jahren innerhalb von 24 Stunden körperlich aktiv sein oder schlafen
sollen, um ihre Gesundheit und ihr Wohlbefinden zu fördern.

Methode Die Leitlinie wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
gemäß WHO-Standards umgesetzt. Die Zusammenfassung wurde von
Mitarbeiter/innen des WHO Collaborating Centres an der
Donau-Universität Krems (Österreich) auf Deutsch
übersetzt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Jeder Tag besteht aus Schlafenszeit,
niedrig-aktiven Phasen (Sitzen, Stehen, Liegen) und leichter,
mäßiger oder kräftiger körperliche
Aktivität. Kleine Kinder sollten die Möglichkeit haben, sich an
entwicklungsgerechter, sicherer und spielbasierter körperlicher
Aktivität zu beteiligen und nicht länger als eine Stunde am
Stück von Bewegung abgehalten werden.
Gestationsdiabetes-Screening 2.0
Authors: Goeckenjan Maren , Schäfer-Graf Ute
Published: May 2021

Im Frühjahr 2012 wurde das Gestationsdiabetes-Screening in die Mutterschafts-Richtlinien in Deutschland aufgenommen. Das Screeningverfahren besteht aus einer zweistufigen Diagnostik: Zunächst erfolgt der 50-g-Glukose-Belastungstest, bei auffälligem Testergebnis gefolgt vom oralen Glukosetoleranztest mit 75 g Glukoselösung. Trotz Einführung vor fast 10 Jahren ist die Diskussion um dieses Stufenscreening nicht beendet, auch wenn die kontinuierlich steigenden Erkennungsraten der neu aufgetretenen Zuckerstoffwechselstörung in der Schwangerschaft zeigen, dass das Screening umgesetzt wird. Wie das Vorgehen in Deutschland heute umgesetzt wird und welche Konsequenzen die Diagnose eines Gestationsdiabetes hat, sollen in diesem Artikel beschrieben werden.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: May 2021

Der Schulungsort ist das Hotel Seligweiler (Seligweiler 1, 89081 Ulm-Seligweiler). Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2021
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: May 2021

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2021 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Blutzuckermonitoring bei Gestationsdiabetes
Authors: Reichel Andreas
Published: May 2021

In den derzeitigen Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften findet sich für den Gestationsdiabetes die kapilläre Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle mittels Teststreifen zu genau definierten Zeitpunkten als Standard. Aus diesen Werten müssen alle Therapieentscheidungen abgeleitet werden. Die Vollständigkeit und Richtigkeit sowohl für die Präanalytik als auch für den Messzeitpunkt sind im klinischen Alltag oft nicht optimal. Kontinuierlich messende Glukosemonitoringsysteme können diese Probleme umgehen. Dieser Vorteil könnte mögliche Abweichung zwischen kontinuierlicher Gewebezuckermessung (CGM) und Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle (BZSK) ausgleichen. Die Nutzung von CGM-Systemen geht mit einem Komfortgewinn für die Patientinnen einher und könnte die Motivation zu Verhaltensänderungen hinsichtlich der Ernährung und einer ggf. notwendigen Insulintherapie verbessern. Eine Kostenübernahme durch Krankenkassen ist in der Regel jedoch erst nach Beginn einer intensivierten Insulintherapie möglich, sodass in der Initialphase und für Patientinnen ohne Notwendigkeit einer intensivierten konventionellen Insulintherapie (ICT) erhebliche Kosten entstehen. Weitere Untersuchungen mit geeignetem Design sind notwendig, um die Frage nach einem Zusatznutzen für den Ausgang der Schwangerschaft unter Nutzung von CGM valide zu beantworten. Sollte dies der Fall sein, wäre sicher auch eine Kostenübernahme der Krankenversicherer vor der Initiierung einer ICT gerechtfertigt.
“Pin Method” for Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Huang Ting-Chun
Published: May 2021

Background Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using a cage can have a similar fusion rate as minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) or open lumbar interbody fusion. Direct visual control during cage insertion is the key to prevent neural structure incarceration in endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Creating a track with any kind of retractor or cannula for cage insertion under fluoroscopic guidance is not safe enough, because the retractor and cannula can create many blind spots and can displace during cage insertion.

Method The pin method utilizes two flexible metallic guide pins inserted from the skin incision through the annulotomy site into the disk space until the anterior longitudinal ligament is reached under direct endoscopic monitoring. The two guide pins could be oriented parallel or perpendicular or even reduce to one or increase to many as needed to serve as a sliding track and a see-through barrier to prevent neural incarceration.

Results and Conclusion Two cases of L4/L5 grade 2 spondylolisthesis with neurogenic claudication were treated with endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion with 1-year follow-up, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D, %) score, and modified Macnab score all improved greatly in both. The author developed an original, cheap, accessible, and safe method called the “pin method,” which can be used in both full-endoscopic and biportal surgery and can apply to various approaches and has no limitation on the size and shape of the cage.
Refractory Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in Extreme Premature Newborn
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Mallett Lea , Miller Greg
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) occurs when air leaks into the pulmonary interstitium due to overdistension of distal airways, it occurs mainly in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome who need positive pressure ventilation but has also been reported in spontaneously breathing infants. Herein, we report on an extremely low birth weight infant with severe persistent PIE, while on invasive mechanical ventilation (high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, high-frequency jet ventilation, and neurally adjust ventilator assist) managed successfully with 2 weeks of selective right lung ventilation after failure of more conservative measures, including shorter periods of right mainstem intubation, before the prolonged trial that was successful.
Kagami-Ogata Syndrome: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Sakaria Rishika P. , Mostafavi Roya , Miller Stephen , Ward Jewell C. , Pivnick Eniko K. , Talati Ajay J.
Published: May 2021

Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) (OMIM #608149) is a genetic imprinting disorder affecting chromosome 14 that results in a characteristic phenotype consisting of typical facial features, skeletal abnormalities including rib abnormalities described as “coat hanger ribs,” respiratory distress, abdominal wall defects, polyhydramnios, and developmental delay. First identified by Wang et al in 1991, over 80 cases of KOS have been reported in the literature. KOS, however, continues to remain a rare and potentially underdiagnosed disorder. In this report, we describe two unrelated male infants with differing initial presentations who were both found to have the characteristic “coat hanger” rib appearance on chest X-ray, raising suspicion for KOS. Molecular testing confirmed KOS in each case. In addition to these new cases, we reviewed the existing cases reported in literature. Presence of polyhydramnios, small thorax, curved ribs, and abdominal wall defects must alert the perinatologist toward the possibility of KOS to facilitate appropriate molecular testing. The overall prognosis of KOS remains poor. Early diagnosis allows for counseling by a multidisciplinary team and enables parents to make informed decisions regarding both pregnancy management and postnatal care.
Severe Consumptive Coagulopathy in an Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infant with Intra-Abdominal Umbilical Vein Varix: A Case Report
Authors: Haga Mitsuhiro , Itoh Kanako , Horikoshi Tsuguhiro , Namba Fumihiko , Kabe Kazuhiko
Published: May 2021

Recent studies have shown favorable outcomes for intra-abdominal umbilical vein varices (IUVVs) in term neonates who have no other complications. Little is known, however, about the prognosis of IUVVs in preterm neonates. We encountered a case of IUVV in an extremely low-birth-weight infant who developed severe consumptive coagulopathy after birth. The patient's coagulation test normalized as the varix spontaneously obstructed. Although life-threatening hemorrhagic complications were avoided, a cerebellum hemorrhage was found in the brain magnetic resonance imaging at the term-equivalent age. In a literature survey, coagulopathy was reported in 4 out of 15 infants with IUVVs born before 34 weeks of gestation, including our present case. Preterm infants with IUVVs may develop coagulopathy because of the prematurity of their coagulation–fibrinolysis systems. Attention should be given to the coagulation status of preterm neonates with IUVVs.
Excellent Radiological Response with Modern Contemporary Proton Beam Therapy in Favorable Molecular Low-Intermediate Grade Oligodendroglioma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tonse Raees , Noufal MP , Shamurailatpam Dayananda , Jalali Rakesh
Published: May 2021

Radiotherapy (RT) has been a long-standing treatment option for low-grade glioma. Improvements in tumor control and reduced radiation-related toxicity can be attributed to advances in neuroimaging as well as RT treatment planning and delivery techniques. The molecular markers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase and lpl9q play a key role in determining which patients will benefit most from combined radiation and systemic therapy. We hereby report two cases of favorable molecular low-intermediate grade oligodendroglioma treated with modern proton pencil-beam therapy under high-precision image guidance showing excellent radiological response that is usually not seen with conventional photon radiation.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripartum Hysterectomy Risk and Outcomes
Authors: Bogardus Margaret H. , Wen Timothy , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , Sheen Jean-Ju , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M.
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine whether race and ethnicity contribute to risks associated with peripartum hysterectomy.

Study Design This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the 2000–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to analyze risk of peripartum hysterectomy and associated severe maternal morbidity, mortality, surgical injury, reoperation, surgical-site complications, and mortality by maternal race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other, and unknown. Multivariable log-linear regression models including patient, clinical, and hospital risk factors were performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Of 59,854,731 delivery hospitalizations, there were 45,369 peripartum hysterectomies (7.6 per thousand). Of these, 37.8% occurred among non-Hispanic white, 13.9% among non-Hispanic black, and 22.8% among Hispanic women. In adjusted analyses, non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) and Hispanic women (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22–1.29) were at increased risk of hysterectomy compared with non-Hispanic white women. Risk for severe morbidity was increased for non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.19–1.33), but not for Hispanic (aRR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.97–1.07) women. Between these three groups, risk for intraoperative complications was highest among non-Hispanic white women, risk for reoperation was highest among Hispanic women, and risk for surgical-site complications was highest among non-Hispanic black women. Evaluating maternal mortality, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 3.83, 95% CI: 2.65–5.53) and Hispanic women (RR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.74–3.59) were at higher risk than non-Hispanic white women.

Conclusion Peripartum hysterectomy and related complications other than death differed modestly by race. In comparison, mortality differentials were large supporting that differential risk for death in the setting of this high-risk scenario may be an important cause of disparities.

Key Points
Digitale Hygienelösungen: Intelligenter Infektionsschutz
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: May 2021

Die Pandemie hat bewirkt, dass junge Unternehmen neue digitale Hygienelösungen entwickeln. Die Innovationen für das Krankenhaus decken so unterschiedliche Bereiche wie die Körpertemperaturmessung, die Überprüfung der angelegten Schutzbekleidung und den Gebrauch von Händedesinfektionsmitteln ab.
EU-Medizinprodukte-Verordnung: Eine schwere Geburt
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: May 2021

Die EU-Medizinprodukte-Verordnung (MDR, Medical Device Regulation) hat schon vor ihrem Start hohe Wellen geschlagen. Dr. Marc-Pierre Möll, Geschäftsführer des Bundesverbandes Medizintechnologie (BVMed), äußert sich zum aktuellen Stand der MDR.
KIS-Markt: Neuer Schub durch das KHZG
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2021

Nach einem turbulent verlaufenden Vorjahr mit dem Marktausstieg von Agfa, dem Einstieg von Dedalus und einer Teilübernahme der Cerner-KIS-Sparte durch die Compugroup ist vorläufig wieder Ruhe in den KIS-Markt eingekehrt. Derzeit profitieren alle Hersteller vom üppigen Geldregen durch das KHZG. Lange wird die Ruhe nicht halten.
Personalsteuerung: Per App den Pflegepool managen
Authors: Maase Angelika
Published: May 2021

Poolkonzepte dienen vielen Kliniken dazu, ihr Ausfallkonzept über einen Pool von Pflegefachkräften zu steuern und somit nicht besetzte Dienste auf den Stationen sehr flexibel und qualifikationsadäquat nachzubesetzen. Ein Beispiel dafür ist das Konzept des Pflegepools am Universitätsklinikum Münster (UKM), bei dem die gesamte Steuerung der angeforderten Dienste sowie die Verteilung der Poolmitarbeitenden seit Jahresbeginn App-basiert über den tagxter Shift Manager® erfolgt.
Exceptional points and domains of unitarity for a class of strongly non-Hermitian real-matrix Hamiltonians
Authors: Znojil Miloslav
Published: May 2021

A family of non-Hermitian real and tridiagonal-matrix candidates H(N)(λ)=H0(N)+λW(N)(λ) for a hiddenly Hermitian (a.k.a. quasi-Hermitian) quantum Hamiltonian is proposed and studied. Fairly weak assumptions are imposed upon the unperturbed matrix [the square-well-simulating spectrum of H0(N) is not assumed equidistant)] and upon its maximally non-Hermitian N-parametric antisymmetric-matrix perturbations [matrix W(N)(λ) is not even required to be PT-symmetric]. Despite that, the “physical” parametric domain D[N] is (constructively) shown to exist, guaranteeing that in its interior, the spectrum remains real and non-degenerate, rendering the quantum evolution unitary. Among the non-Hermitian degeneracies occurring at the boundary ∂D[N] of the domain of stability, our main attention is paid to their extreme version corresponding to Kato’s exceptional point of order N (EPN). The localization of the EPNs and, in their vicinity, of the quantum-phase-transition boundaries ∂D[N] is found feasible, at the not too large N, using computer-assisted symbolic manipulations, including, in particular, the Gröbner-basis elimination and the high-precision arithmetics.
A theory for the coexistence of coiled and stretched configurational phases in the extensional flow of entangled polymer melts
Authors: Nafar Sefiddashti Mohammad Hadi , Edwards Brian J. , Khomami Bamin , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: May 2021

It has recently been demonstrated via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation [M. H. Nafar Sefiddashti, B. J. Edwards, and B. Khomami, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 141103 (2018); Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 247802 (2018)] that the extensional flow of entangled polymer melts can engender, within a definite strain-rate regime [expressed in terms of the Deborah number (De) based on the Rouse time], the coexistence of separate domains consisting primarily of either coiled or stretched chain-like macromolecules. This flow-induced phase separation results in bimodal configurational distributions, where transitions of individual molecules between the coiled and stretched states occur very slowly by hopping over an apparent energy activation barrier. We demonstrate that the qualitative aspects of this phenomenon can be described via the single-mode Rolie–Poly model including Convective Constraint Release (CCR) and finite extensibility of the chain-like macromolecules. This analysis reveals the physical mechanism for the configurational coexistence, namely, the nonlinear rate of change of the average entropic restoring force of a given entangled chain with extension. Under conditions of significant flow-induced disentanglement, the rate of change of the effective restoring force initially decreases with extension (effective spring softening) and then increases (hardens) as the maximum chain length is approached. When balanced by flow-induced chain stretching, we find that there can be two configuration states within the same De regime, as covered by the NEMD simulations; therefore, a region of conformational coexistence can indeed exist. However, we demonstrate that this coexistence of configurational microstates is only possible when the magnitude of the CCR parameters is consistent with the rate of flow-induced disentanglement, as observed in the NEMD simulations.
Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Different Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: Lunardi Marina Monteiro , Dias Pablo Ribeiro , Deng Rong , Corkish Richard
Published: May 2021

This chapter presents a critical review of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies considering their technological and ecological developments, including silicon (Si)-based cells and modules (mono- and multicrystalline), thin-film cells and modules such as chalcogenides (CIS, CIGS, and CZTS), amorphous-Si (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic–inorganic halide perovskite (perovskite); PV systems (grid-connected, stand-alone, mounting methods, balance of system); and end-of-life (EoL) scenarios (such as landfill, incineration, and recycling). The reviews show that several studies are not using PV guideline assumptions, which results in a untrustworthy database. Assumptions of parameter values for LCA studies can have profound effects on results, and current assumptions are unrealistic relative to demonstrated results for several of the reviewed studies. Thus, while thin films appear to have better environmental outcomes (regarding global warming potential and energy payback time), this conclusion is not definitive given the current consistency of data. Quantitatively, the normalized global warming potential for thin-film technologies is 22–40 gCO2eq/kWh, followed by OPV 30–150 gCO2eq/kWh, followed by both crystalline silicon (c-Si) in the range of 40–200 gCO2eq/kWh and perovskite 150–1000 gCO2eq/kWh. However, LCA for c-Si technologies are currently more reliable than other technologies, given the latter's lack of consistency and assumption reliability. This review also identifies important challenges the field currently faces: (i) There is a shortage of data associated with end-of-life management of PV systems. (ii) The balance of system has been found to have significant impact and is often neglected in LCA studies. (iii) Likewise, transportation has significant environmental impacts, but data for this input is currently scarce. The same can be said for data on monitoring and reporting of a system's conditions. (iv) There is also a lack of economic analysis on material recovery from solar modules.
Innovations, Policies, and Implications for Promoting a Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Industry from a Management Perspective
Authors: Sharma Aviram , Pandey Poonam
Published: May 2021

The PV industry has witnessed multiple cycles of hopes, hypes, promises, disappointments, and neglect over the last seven decades. In the last two decades, the PV industry has registered robust growth and demonstrated remarkable progress in several countries. However, the spread of PV is still quite uneven at the global level. In this background, the chapter reviews the current status of the global photovoltaic industry in terms of its spread and growth potential. The chapter also offers a comparative analysis of public policies that augmented and propelled the PV industry in selected countries. The chapter identifies the PV sector's innovation landscape and chalks out the emergence and maturation of the PV technologies. Finally, it discusses the challenges for promoting sustainable solar photovoltaic industry from a critical transition management perspective.
Critical phosphorus values from the Better Fertiliser Decisions for Pastures project: early insights from validation trials
Authors: Rogers David , Weaver David , Summers Robert , Dobbe Eric , Master Ronald , McFerran Robert , Mussell Graham , Dawson Luke , Mercy Justin , Richards Peta , Holtham Deborah
Published: May 2021

Phosphatic fertilisers have made grazing in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) viable. However, there is evidence that a large proportion of pasture paddocks exceed soil test critical values at which 95% of maximum yield is achieved as identified in the national Better Fertiliser Decisions for Pasture (BFDP) project. Of 22 000 soil samples collected between 2009 and 2020, 56% exceeded the critical value for phosphorus (P), although there were constraints to potassium (K) and sulfur (S) and from soil acidity. Soils with available P exceeding the critical value are expected to lead to excessive losses of P to waterways, resulting in eutrophication. A trial program was established to validate the critical P values from BFDP so that concerns can be addressed about the relevance of these critical P values to WA conditions and to contemporary pasture varieties. Measured relative yields for 19 trials in the first year were mostly within 10% of that predicted from BFDP for soils with a P buffering index (PBI) >10. Soils with PBI <10 had measured relative yields up to 25% greater than predicted by BFDP, suggesting response calibrations for low PBI soils may require adjustment in the BFDP dataset. Some pasture yield gaps occurred when soil pH and P were low. Application of nitrogen (N), K and S almost doubled the yield when P was limiting or sufficient. Agronomic advice and practice should seek to optimise these multiple inputs, thereby optimising P use rather than applying P to levels above the critical value.
species and their complicated relationships with human health
Authors: Kahler Charlene M
Published: May 2021

Neisseria spp. are a transient low abundance member of the human microbiome. This species contains the very well described pathogens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Recent advances in molecular typing have revealed that this genus is more diverse than previously thought and that commensal species may have important roles in inhibiting the growth the pathogens. This short review summates these new findings and examines the evidence that the relatively under-reported Neisseria commensal species maybe beneficial to human health.
Setting ethical limits on human gene editing after the fall of the somatic/germline barrier
Authors: Evans John H.
Published: May 2021

The ethical debate about what is now called human gene editing (HGE) has gone on for more than 50 y. For nearly that entire time, there has been consensus that a moral divide exists between somatic and germline HGE. Conceptualizing this divide as a barrier on a slippery slope, in this paper, I first describe the slope, what makes it slippery, and describe strong barriers that arrest the slippage down to the dystopian bottom of pervasive eugenic enhancement. I then show how the somatic/germline barrier in the debate has been weakened to the level of ineffectiveness, with no replacement below. I examine a number of possible barriers on the slope below the somatic/germline barrier, most of which lack sufficient strength. With the exception of the minority of people in the HGE debate who see the eugenic society as utopia, the majority will need a barrier on the slope to stop the slide to dystopia.
Intracounty modeling of COVID-19 infection with human mobility: Assessing spatial heterogeneity with business traffic, age, and race
Authors: Hou Xiao , Gao Song , Li Qin , Kang Yuhao , Chen Nan , Chen Kaiping , Rao Jinmeng , Ellenberg Jordan S. , Patz Jonathan A.
Published: May 2021

Significance

A human mobility flow-augmented stochastic susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed–style epidemic modeling framework is developed, which combines with data assimilation and machine learning to reconstruct the historical growth trajectories of COVID-19 infection in the two largest counties in Wisconsin. The associations between the spread of COVID-19 and human mobility/demographics are investigated. The results reveal different types of spatial heterogeneities (e.g., varying peak infection timing in different subregions) even within a county. Our scenario studies suggest that policy makers may need to take these heterogeneities into account very carefully when designing regionalization-based policies (e.g., testing and vaccination resource allocation) for mitigating the ongoing spread of COVID-19 and better preparing for future epidemics.
Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe’s alien and native floras
Authors: Fristoe Trevor S. , Chytrý Milan , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Heleno Ruben , Kreft Holger , Maurel Noëlie , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Seebens Hanno , Weigelt Patrick , Vargas Pablo , Yang Qiang , Attorre Fabio , Bergmeier Erwin , Bernhardt-Römermann Markus , Biurrun Idoia , Boch Steffen , Bonari Gianmaria , Botta-Dukát Zoltán , Bruun Hans Henrik , Byun Chaeho , Čarni Andraž , Carranza Maria Laura , Catford Jane A. , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Chacón-Madrigal Eduardo , Ciccarelli Daniela , Ćušterevska Renata , de Ronde Iris , Dengler Jürgen , Golub Valentin , Haveman Rense , Hough-Snee Nate , Jandt Ute , Jansen Florian , Kuzemko Anna , Küzmič Filip , Lenoir Jonathan , Macanović Armin , Marcenò Corrado , Martin Adam R. , Michaletz Sean T. , Mori Akira S. , Niinemets Ülo , Peterka Tomáš , Pielech Remigiusz , Rašomavičius Valerijus , Rūsiņa Solvita , Dias Arildo S. , Šibíková Mária , Šilc Urban , Stanisci Angela , Jansen Steven , Svenning Jens-Christian , Swacha Grzegorz , van der Plas Fons , Vassilev Kiril , van Kleunen Mark
Published: May 2021

Significance

Invasive alien species pose major threats to biodiversity and ecosystems. However, identifying drivers of invasion success has been challenging, in part because species can achieve invasiveness in different ways, each corresponding to different aspects of demographics and distribution. Employing a multidimensional perspective of invasiveness to Europe’s alien flora, we find species generally fall along an axis from overall poor invaders to super invaders that become abundant, widespread, and invade diverse habitats. Some species that deviate from this pattern are recently introduced and still spreading, but others represent atypical forms of invasiveness. In addition to identifying species traits and ecological circumstances associated with super invaders (e.g., intercontinental introductions), we explore drivers in atypical invasions, providing increased clarity into invasion processes.
Coral bleaching response is unaltered following acclimatization to reefs with distinct environmental conditions
Authors: Barott Katie L. , Huffmyer Ariana S. , Davidson Jennifer M. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Matsuda Shayle B. , Hancock Joshua R. , Innis Teegan , Drury Crawford , Putnam Hollie M. , Gates Ruth D.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Ocean warming has caused catastrophic losses of corals on reefs worldwide and is intensifying faster than the adaptive rate of most coral populations that remain. Human interventions, such as propagation of heat-resistant corals, may help maintain reef function and delay further devastation of these valuable ecosystems as society confronts the climate crisis. However, exposing adult corals to a complex suite of new environmental conditions could lead to tradeoffs that alter their heat stress responses, and empirical data are needed to test the utility of this approach. Here, we show that corals transplanted to novel reef conditions did not exhibit changes in their heat stress response or negative fitness tradeoffs, supporting the inclusion of this approach in our management arsenal.
Addendum to ‘The paradoxical zero reflection at zero energy’ (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401)
Authors: Ahmed Zafar , Sharma Vibhu , Sharma Mayank , Singhal Ankush , Kaiwart Rahul , Priyadarshini Pallavi
Published: May 2021

The probability of reflection R(E) off a finite attractive scattering potential at zero or low energies is ordinarily supposed to be 1. However, in Ahmed Z et al (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401) we proposed that a fully attractive potential presents a paradoxical result of R(0) = 0, when an effective parameter q of the potential admits special discrete values. In an interesting comment to Ahmed et al (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401); by 5van Dijk and Nogami (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 038002), another class of finite potentials turned out to be of the well–barrier type, which can be made to possess much less reflection at zero and low energies for a band of low values of q. Such well–barrier potentials have only two real turning points for E ∈ (min (V(x)), max (V(x))), excepting E = 0. Here, we wish to add one more exactly solvable and two numerically solved models to confirm this phenomenon in the well–barrier systems.
Effects of Y- and La-doping on the magnetic ordering, Kondo effect, and spin dynamics in Ce1−x

M

x
Ru2Al10
Authors: Peratheepan P , Britz D , Strydom A M
Published: May 2021

The influence of Y- and La-substitution for Ce on the competing Kondo effect and magnetic ordering, as well as on spin dynamics in the Kondo semiconductor CeRu2Al10 have been investigated by means of thermal, electronic, and magnetic properties. The parent compound CeRu2Al10 is known to be a controversial antiferromagnet with high magnetic ordering temperature T
0 = 27 K. A small negative chemical pressure caused by La-doping results rapid suppression of T
0 and spin gap energy Δ
m
, compared to a small positive pressure caused by Y-doping. Upon Y- and La-doping, the electrical resistivity ρ(T) illustrates the evolution from dense Kondo semiconductor to incoherent single-ion Kondo behaviour, and hence weakens the c–f hybridization and thus lowers the Kondo temperature. The 5% Y- and La-doped compounds show enormous enhancement in the thermoelectric power and complex behaviour in the Hall resistivity below T
0 due to an abrupt change in charge carrier mobility with temperature. The magnetic contribution to electrical resistivity ρ
mag(T) (≳50% La) and specific heat C
P(T)/T (≳70% La) evidence non-Fermi-liquid behaviour at low temperature in the La-doped system, due to interplay of atomic disorder with spin-fluctuation. Application of magnetic field suppresses the spin-fluctuation in C
P(T)/T and eventually emerges to Fermi-liquid state in the 95% La-doped compound in 9 T. The magnetic phase diagram illustrates that the strength of the Kondo interaction in the doped systems are primarily controlled by the effect of volume change as described by the compressible Kondo lattice model. We ascribe the fascinating observation of T
K ≃ 4T
0 to anisotropy in the single-ion crystal electric field in the presence of strong anisotropic c–f hybridization.
Efficient Monte-Carlo based system modelling for image reconstruction in preclinical pinhole SPECT
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuong , Goorden Marlies C , Ramakers Ruud M , Beekman Freek J
Published: May 2021

The use of multi-pinhole collimation has enabled ultra-high-resolution imaging of SPECT and PET tracers in small animals. Key for obtaining high-quality images is the use of statistical iterative image reconstruction with accurate energy-dependent photon transport modelling through collimator and detector. This can be incorporated in a system matrix that contains the probabilities that a photon emitted from a certain voxel is detected at a specific detector pixel. Here we introduce a fast Monte-Carlo based (FMC-based) matrix generation method for pinhole imaging that is easy to apply to various radionuclides. The method is based on accelerated point source simulations combined with model-based interpolation to straightforwardly change or combine photon energies of the radionuclide of interest. The proposed method was evaluated for a VECTor PET-SPECT system with (i) a HE-UHR-M collimator and (ii) an EXIRAD-3D 3D autoradiography collimator. Both experimental scans with 99mTc, 111In, and 123I, and simulated scans with 67Ga and 90Y were performed for evaluation. FMC was compared with two currently used approaches, one based on a set of point source measurements with 99mTc (dubbed traditional method), and the other based on an energy-dependent ray-tracing simulation (ray-tracing method). The reconstruction results show better image quality when using FMC-based matrices than when applying the traditional or ray-tracing matrices in various cases. FMC-based matrices generalise better than the traditional matrices when imaging radionuclides with energies deviating too much from the energy used in the calibration and are computationally more efficient for very-high-resolution imaging than the ray-tracing matrices. In addition, FMC has the advantage of easily combining energies in a single matrix which is relevant when imaging radionuclides with multiple photopeak energies (e.g. 67Ga and 111In) or with a continuous energy spectrum (e.g. 90Y). To conclude, FMC is an efficient, accurate, and versatile tool for creating system matrices for ultra-high-resolution pinhole SPECT.
Quantitation of multiple injection dynamic PET scans: an investigation of the benefits of pooling data from separate scans when mapping kinetics
Authors: Gu Fengyun , O’Sullivan Finbarr , Muzi Mark , Mankoff David A
Published: May 2021

Multiple injection dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is used in the clinical management of certain groups of patients and in medical research. The analysis of these studies can be approached in two ways: (i) separate analysis of data from individual tracer injections, or (ii), concatenate/pool data from separate injections and carry out a combined analysis. The simplicity of separate analysis has some practical appeal but may not be statistically efficient. We use a linear model framework associated with a kinetic mapping scheme to develop a simplified theoretical understanding of separate and combined analysis. The theoretical framework is explored numerically using both 1D and 2D simulation models. These studies are motivated by the breast cancer flow-metabolism mismatch studies involving 15O-water (H2O) and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and repeat 15O-H2O injections used in brain activation investigations. Numerical results are found to be substantially in line with the simple theoretical analysis: mean square error characteristics of alternative methods are well described by factors involving the local voxel-level resolution of the imaging data, the relative activities of the individual scans and the number of separate injections involved. While voxel-level resolution has dependence on scan dose, after adjustment for this effect, the impact of a combined analysis is understood in simple terms associated with the linear model used for kinetic mapping. This is true for both data reconstructed by direct filtered backprojection or iterative maximum likelihood. The proposed analysis has potential to be applied to the emerging long axial field-of-view PET scanners.
Interlayer connectivity reconstruction for multilayer brain networks using phase oscillator models
Authors: Tewarie Prejaas , Prasse Bastian , Meier Jil , Byrne Áine , De Domenico Manlio , Stam Cornelis J , Brookes Matthew J , Hillebrand Arjan , Daffertshofer Andreas , Coombes Stephen , Van Mieghem Piet
Published: May 2021

Large-scale neurophysiological networks are often reconstructed from band-pass filtered time series derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Common practice is to reconstruct these networks separately for different frequency bands and to treat them independently. Recent evidence suggests that this separation may be inadequate, as there can be significant coupling between frequency bands (interlayer connectivity). A multilayer network approach offers a solution to analyze frequency-specific networks in one framework. We propose to use a recently developed network reconstruction method in conjunction with phase oscillator models to estimate interlayer connectivity that optimally fits the empirical data. This approach determines interlayer connectivity based on observed frequency-specific time series of the phase and a connectome derived from diffusion weighted imaging. The performance of this interlayer reconstruction method was evaluated in-silico. Our reconstruction of the underlying interlayer connectivity agreed to very high degree with the ground truth. Subsequently, we applied our method to empirical resting-state MEG data obtained from healthy subjects and reconstructed two-layered networks consisting of either alpha-to-beta or theta-to-gamma band connectivity. Our analysis revealed that interlayer connectivity is dominated by a multiplex structure, i.e. by one-to-one interactions for both alpha-to-beta band and theta-to-gamma band networks. For theta–gamma band networks, we also found a plenitude of interlayer connections between distant nodes, though weaker connectivity relative to the one-to-one connections. Our work is an stepping stone towards the identification of interdependencies across frequency-specific networks. Our results lay the ground for the use of the promising multilayer framework in this field with more-informed and justified interlayer connections.
Search for dark matter production in association with the Z'boson at the LHC in pp collisions at

= 8 TeV using Monte Carlo simulations *
Authors: Elgammal S. , Louka M. A. , Ellithi A. Y. , Hussein M. T.
Published: May 2021

This analysis evaluates the possibility of the search for Dark Matter (DM) particles using events with a Z

heavy gauge boson and a large missing transverse momentum at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We consider the muonic decay of Z

. The analyzed Monte Carlo samples were the Open simulated files produced by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration for proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of the LHC run-I with 19.7 fb

at

8 TeV. Two scenarios, namely a simplified benchmark scenario, called Dark Higgs, and the effective field theory (EFT) formalism, were used for interpretations. Limits were set on Z

, dark matter masses, and the cutoff scale of the EFT.
Discrimination of simple objects decoded from the output of retinal ganglion cells upon sinusoidal electrical stimulation
Authors: Corna Andrea , Ramesh Poornima , Jetter Florian , Lee Meng-Jung , Macke Jakob H , Zeck Günther
Published: May 2021

Objective. Most neuroprosthetic implants employ pulsatile square-wave electrical stimuli, which are significantly different from physiological inter-neuronal communication. In case of retinal neuroprosthetics, which use a certain type of pulsatile stimuli, reliable object and contrast discrimination by implanted blind patients remained challenging. Here we investigated to what extent simple objects can be discriminated from the output of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) upon sinusoidal stimulation. Approach. Spatially confined objects were formed by different combinations of 1024 stimulating microelectrodes. The RGC activity in the ex vivo retina of photoreceptor-degenerated mouse, of healthy mouse or of primate was recorded simultaneously using an interleaved recording microelectrode array implemented in a CMOS-based chip. Main results. We report that application of sinusoidal electrical stimuli (40 Hz) in epiretinal configuration instantaneously and reliably modulates the RGC activity in spatially confined areas at low stimulation threshold charge densities (40 nC mm−2). Classification of overlapping but spatially displaced objects (1° separation) was achieved by distinct spiking activity of selected RGCs. A classifier (regularized logistic regression) discriminated spatially displaced objects (size: 5.5° or 3.5°) with high accuracy (90% or 62%). Stimulation with low artificial contrast (10%) encoded by different stimulus amplitudes generated RGC activity, which was classified with an accuracy of 80% for large objects (5.5°). Significance. We conclude that time-continuous smooth-wave stimulation provides robust, localized neuronal activation in photoreceptor-degenerated retina, which may enable future artificial vision at high temporal, spatial and contrast resolution.
Growth and production of red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) with the application of monosodium glutamate and endophytic fungi
Authors: Alfiani A , Haring F , Syam’un E
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the effect of giving monosodium glutamate (MSG) and endophytic fungi (Trichoderma sp., Mycorrhiza, and Beauveria bassiana) to red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) plants which predicted to increase its growth and production while decrease diseases infection without harming the environment. The experiment was designed by Factorial-Randomized Block Design. There were two factors tested in this present study: (1) MSG treatment with three dosages: 0 g L−1, 5 g L−1, and 10 g L−1; (2) endophytic fungi treatments with single or pure culture and mix-culture combinations: Trichoderma sp., Beauveria bassiana, Mycorrhiza, the combination of Trichoderma sp. and Beauveria bassiana, the combination of Trichoderma sp. and Mycorrhiza, the combination of Mycorrhiza and Beauveria bassiana, and the combination of Trichoderma sp., Beauveria bassiana, and Mycorrhiza. The parameters measured were plant growth, harvest, and disease infection intensity. The treatments did not give significant improvement to all parameters. This study concluded that Mycorrhiza treatment produced the highest rate value in red onion harvest.
Evaluation of biogas potential from organic waste: wastewater and solid wastes
Authors: Zaeni A , Ambardini  , Liliana  , Harlia  , Rasmin N , Patiung G W , Susilowati P E
Published: May 2021

The poor management of waste can lead to multiple environmental problems like in soil, water, and air pollution. Beside the current energy crisis occurs, need alternative energy sources that can replace, one of which is biogas. Biogas is a gas resulting from the fermentation anaerobic of organic materials. The aim of this work is to study to compare the biogas produced from organic waste, namely household waste, sago processing liquid waste and poultry manure. The research was conducted in a laboratory scale anaerobic reactor with a volume of 1,000 mL at room temperature. The results showed that the volume of biogas produced from anaerobic fermentation of sago processing wastewater was 17.481 mL (84 days fermentation). Biogas produced from household waste (7%) is 687 mL, for 35 days. Volume biogas from poultry manure (50%) 1,200 mL (60 days fermentation).
Dynamic models of water conservation in sustainable palm oil plantations
Authors: Ahmad Sitti Wirdhana , J. Purwanto M. Yanuar , Sapei Asep , Widiatmaka
Published: May 2021

The development of Oil Palm Plantations (OPP) in Indonesia faces problems related to land availability and environmental damage. Changes in the hydrological conditions of The Lalindu Watershed in Konawe Utara Regency are caused by the reduction in the extent of forest cover in the river border areas as OPP increase. The purpose of this study is to design a model of OPP to support the conservation of water resources to maximize the ecological, economic and social benefits of land use activities, especially for OPP in watersheds in a sustainable manner. The research method uses a dynamic system model using a number of variables, which are the determinants of OPP sustainability, loop systems, and future behavior models. The results showed that the water conservation model in sustainable OPP consisted of three sub-models, namely: (1) environmental sub-models. The actions of OPP conservation affect the resulting infiltration capacity and runoff discharge so that the OPP will be sustainable. In addition, it can increase the population growth of Anoa (Bubalussp) and Sulawesi Bear Kuskus (Ailuropsursinus) by 10% as an effort to protect biodiversity, especially Southeast Sulawesi’s endemic fauna, (2) sub-economic models. Oil Palm Plantation activities with conservation efforts were able to increase production by an average of 0.86% while OPP without conservation only increased by 0.78%. Corporate income also increases on average 0.8-1.2% per year, farmers 0.76% and RBR 1.24% and (3) social sub-models, will increase the number of workers involved in OPP operations by 0 7 % per year while the number of head of a family for the livestock and compost business declined from 2005-2018 with an average percentage of 5.1% and 4.1% and the following year was stagnant. In the activities of rattan cultivation, there was no increase in percentage.