bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wskaźniki gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym dla Unii Europejskiej i Polski
Authors: Kulczycka Joanna
Published: March 2020

Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym jest jednym z kluczowych elementów europejskiej polityki gospodarczej, zmierzającej do racjonalnego wykorzystania zasobów i ograniczenia negatywnego oddziaływania produktów i procesów na środowisko w całym łańcuchu wartości. Efektem podejmowanych działań powinno być pozostawanie w gospodarce produktów, surowców i materiałów tak długo, jak to możliwe, a wytwarzanie odpadów powinno być w możliwie największym zakresie zredukowane. W tym celu konieczne jest właściwe opracowanie i dobranie wskaźników do strategii działania w zakresie GOZ. Stąd też celem artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu proponowanych wskaźników i priorytetowych obszarów GOZ w UE i w wybranych krajach oraz zidentyfikowanie pozycji Polski w wybranych obszarach GOZ. Na tej podstawie oraz uwzględniając specyficzne cele GOZ w Polsce, wyszczególnione w krajowych dokumentach, zaproponowano wskaźniki istotne dla monitorowania transformacji gospodarki polskiej w kierunku GOZ.
Tilgungstendenzen in Konferenzvorträgen. Eine korpusbasierte Studie
Authors: Rogozińska Marta
Published: March 2020

Deletion trends in academic talks. A corpus-based analysisThe purpose of this paper is to describe some current deletion trends in modern spoken German. The study is based on orthographic transcriptions of academic talks made by German native speakers. The analysis has been conducted in order to show the most common phonetic reductions of the formal Standard German variety as used today in official situations in Germany. The linguistic data are taken from the GeWiss corpus, which is a comparative corpus of audio recordings and transcriptions of spoken academic languages German, Polish, English. The research organizations involved were the Herder Institute at the University of Leipzig, Wrocław University and Aston University in Birmingham.
De-Konstruktion von Glaubwürdigkeit in Online-Debatten
Authors: Stopfner Maria
Published: March 2020

The de-construction of credibility in online-debatesSharing the notion of credibility as a dynamic construct within interaction, the paper traces the argumentative manoeuvers by which left- and right-wing users try to de-construct credibility within online-debates. Based on the concept of “Community of Practice”, the qualitative analysis combines cognitive as well as conversation analytic approaches to identity construction with typical far and extreme right argumentation schemes specified by critical discourse analysis.
Konceptualizacja wrażeń słuchowych w języku polskim
Authors: Staniewski Przemysław
Published: March 2020

Precedent phenomena in the poetic language world byYuri Andrukhovych: functional and typological peculiaritiesThe article deals with a detailed review and analysis of the peculiarities of precedent phenomena in the poetic work of Yuri Andrukhovych.The author concludes that in his poetry Yuri Andrukhovych has actively used precedent phe­nomena with different typological characteristics: on the precedentity level there are represented socio-precedent units, nationally precedent and universally precedent ones; on the verbalization form there are shown names anthroponyms, goronyms, oikonyms, urbanonyms, hydronyms, oro­nyms, theonyms, geortonyms, ekklesionyms, cosmonyms, statements, a text, and a situation; units of literary, biblical, mythological, folklore, historical and philosophical origin; on the basis of trans­formality there are found some examples which have not been modified while introduced into the poetry text, as well as those that function as modified variants obtained by structural and semantic truncation, addition, structural and graphic, and actually semantic modification; on the basis of attribution / non-tribution there are found units with attribution and without it, which constitute the majority of the analyzed examples. The mentioned precedent phenomena in the poetic texts by Yuri Andrukhovych perform the following functions: informative-signal, nominative, organizational and compositional, ludic, forecasting, characterizing and metaphoricizing ones. The foregoing gives grounds to assert that the analyzed precedent phenomena presented in the poetic works are their organic component, and represented as an active text-forming and stylistic unit.
Прецедентні феномени у поетичному лінгвосвіті Юрія Андруховича: функційно-типологійні характеристики
Authors: Telezhkina Olesya
Published: March 2020

Conceptualisation of auditory sensations in Polish The aim of the paper is to show how auditory sensations are metaphorically construed in the Polish language. In the empirical part three Polish sound lexemes have been analysed based on the Polish National Corpus: dźwięk, odgłos and hałas. According to the corpus data three main metaphors could be determined depending on figurative verbs with which the lexemes cooccur: SOUND AS A MOVING ENTITY, SOUND AS AN ENEMY, SOUND AS AN INITIATOR OF A PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTION. In the theoretical part an account of the nature of the audi­tory perception as well as semantic considerations are provided which should be viewed as a discus­sion with a slight alternative approach to auditory perception in Polish proposed by Piotr Kładoczny.
La alternancia de los modos subjuntivo e indicativo después de el hecho de que en los periódicos en línea
Authors: Sankowska-Jackiewicz Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Alternation of subjunctive and indicative following el hecho de que ‘the fact that’ in online newspapersThe objective of this paper is to analyse the alternation between subjunctive and indicative moods following the expression el hecho de que ‘the fact that’ in articles from online newspapers. The expression el hecho de que is of a different nature than other expressions which usually require the use of subjunctive in Spanish, such as dubitative or emotional predicates, given that it does not express doubt or feeling, but reality. In the analysis of shifting moods following this expression, it will be indispensable to employ the research based on the theory of relevance and pragmatics and take full context into account. The choice of examples to analyse from articles from online newspapers will enable us to draw conclusions about shifting moods in the contemporary language and its functions in the journalistic discourse.
„Da war ich sofort high gewesen, ne. Wein getankt, woll.” – Eine exemplarische Analyse des Dortmunder Regiolekts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Rückversicherungspartikeln
Authors: Hessler Steffen , Pottmann Daniel M.
Published: March 2020

Da war ich sofort high gewesen, ne. Wein getankt, woll: An empirically based analysis of the Dortmund area’s regiolect with particular regard to reassurance particlesThis study deals with the German particles ne and woll in the spoken language of the Ruhr district. There are some possibilities in terms of the usage of what we call reassurance particles at the end of somebody’s utterances. In the regiolect of the Ruhr area, the usage of ne is very common, but there are also eastern territories where woll is used as well. We are examining if the usage depends on different sub-regiolects in terms of diatopic variations, and/or it also depends on situational aspects such as different registers or situational speech.
The Western and the War Film: Clint Eastwood’s „American Sniper” as Genre Hybrid
Authors: Holtz Martin
Published: March 2020

The article explores the similarities of Westerns and war films and the ways in which the two genres have cross-fertilized each other since World War II. Central to their similarities are their efforts to render violence as a “regenerative” Slotkin means to establish or defend American civilization. Since the Vietnam War, however, the Western has taken a revisionist turn, and its subsequent evocations in war films expose the frontier ideology of justified violence in the name of the advancement of American civilization as a failed ideological project and highlight the imperialist aggression that connects America’s westward expansion with its military efforts. Using the example of Clint Eastwood’s film American Sniper 2014, the article argues that the use of Western elements in contemporary films about the Iraq War adds a sense of moral ambiguity to the portrayal of the hero, who exhibits a pathological obsession with a Western image of the righteous protector of civilization that is ultimately destructive to himself and the society he wants to protect.WESTERN A FILM WOJENNY — SNAJPER CLINTA EASTWOODA JAKO GATUNKOWA HYBRYDAArtykuł jest eksploracją podobieństw między westernem a filmem wojennym i sposobów, w jakie obydwa gatunki wzajemnie się przenikały od czasu II wojny światowej. Głównym ich podobieństwem jest próba prezentowania przemocy jako „odradzającego się” Slotkin środka służącego ustanowieniu bądź obronie amerykańskiej cywilizacji. Jednakże od wojny wietnamskiej western przeszedł rewizjo­nistyczny zwrot, a jego kolejne ewokacje w filmach wojennych eksponują ideologię Pogranicza bę­dącą usprawiedliwieniem przemocy w imię zaawansowania amerykańskiej cywilizacji jako projektu ideologicznego upadłego i ukazują imperialistyczną agresję, która łączy amerykańską ekspansję na zachód z jej militarnymi wysiłkami. Na przykładzie Snajpera Clinta Eastwooda 2014 niniejszy esej przekonuje, że zastosowanie westernowych elementów we współczesnych filmach o irackiej wojnie przydaje moralnej dwuznaczności portretowi bohatera, przejawiającego patologiczną obsesję wester­nowym image’em prawego obrońcy cywilizacji, skrajnie destrukcyjnego wobec siebie oraz społeczeń­stwa, które chce osłaniać.                                                                                              Przeł. Kordian Bobowski
Polish self-scrutiny in Holy Week
Authors: Garbowski Christopher
Published: March 2020

POLSKA SAMOOBSERWACJA W WIELKIM TYGODNIUWielki Tydzień Andrzeja Wajdy z 1995 r., oparty na opowiadaniu Jerzego Andrzejewskiego o tym samym tytule, obrazuje szerokie spektrum polskich reakcji na zniszczenie warszawskiego getta w 1943 r. Co istotne, akcja rozgrywa się w dniach poprzedzających Wielkanoc, które dla chrześcijan są czasem wewnętrznej analizy i refleksji. Taka samokontrola związana jest z zakorzenioną w tra-dycji judeochrześcijańskiej świadomością dotyczącą ludzkich ograniczeń, wyraźnie zarysowanych w filmie. Znaczącym kontekstem tej autoanalizy polskiego społeczeństwa stał się nie tak odległy od premiery czas panowania komunistycznego reżimu, podczas którego przez dziesięciolecia niemożliwa była autentyczna dyskusja poruszająca drażliwe kwestie. Mimo iż w debacie publicznej starano się rozmawiać na trudne tematy, takie jak relacje polsko-żydowskie podczas drugiej wojny światowej, z początku miało to miejsce jedynie w wąskich kręgach. Korzystając ze zniesienia cenzury, Wajda próbował przedstawić tę delikatną problematykę szerszej publiczności. Nie była ona jednak do końca otwarta z powodu dopiero co upadłego komunizmu i związanymi z tym bolesnymi przemianami spo-łecznymi. Kwestie poruszone w Wielkim Tygodniu są szczególnie złożone, wymagają pewnej wiedzy o kontekście historycznym, w jakim są umiejscowione. Do właściwego zrozumienia filmu potrzebna jest świadomość politycznych realiów, w jakich powstawał.
Tajemnica człowieka i hagiograficzny portret — dwie filmowe biografie ojca Maksymiliana Kolbego
Authors: Nowakowski Jacek
Published: March 2020

The mystery of human being and the hagiographic portrait — the two film biographies of father Maximilian KolbeThe article entitled “The mystery of human being and the hagiographic portrait — two film bio-graphies of Father Maksymilian Kolbe” presents a comparative analysis of two films: Życie za życie — Maksymilian Kolbe [Life for life: Maksymilian Kolbe] by Krzysztof Zanussi and Dwie korony [The two crowns] by Michał Kondrat. Both films are discussed in the context of the notion of “a religious movie”. The former film, although made on commission, may be described in the categories of per­sonal style of an eminent filmmaker who nonetheless remains baffled when confronted with a spiritual mystery of the man proclaimed saint. The latter is characterized as a hagiographic and educational text with little artistic value.
Z dziejów Karaimów litewsko-polskich w XX wieku
Authors: Pełczyński Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

Из истории литовско-польских караимов в ХХ векеКараимы — это религиозная и одновременно этническая группа с очень интересной историей и культурой, сформировавшаяся в Крыму около Х века. На литовско-польских землях они живут с конца XIV века. Они сохранились до ХХ века как небольшое меньшинство, в межвоенный период их количество не превышало 1000 человек. Главные скопления караимов находились тогда в Тракае, Вильнюсе, Паневежисе в Литовской республике, в Луцке и Галиче. Они выделялись довольно большой культурной активностью в различных сферах. Однако первая и вторая мировые войны негативно повлияли на так малую общность. Многие погибли во время военных действий. Большинство было переселено, и это вызвало их рассеяние и ассимиляцию в чужом окружении. Большую угрозу для караимов представлял и коммунизм, борющийся со всеми проявлениями религиозной культуры. Несмотря на это, и в настоящее время в Литве и Польше они стараются существовать как особенный народ, хотя в намного меньшем количестве, чем перед войной.On the history of the Lithuanian-Polish Karaims in the 20th centuryThe Karaims are a religious and ethnic group with a very interesting history and culture, who emerged in Crimea around the 10th century. They settled in Poland and Lithuania in the 14th century and survived until the 20th century as a small minority — in the interwar period their population did not exceed 1,000. At that time their main centres were in Trakai, Vilnius, Panevėžys in Lithuania as well as in Lutsk and Halych. They were very active in various areas of culture; however, both the First and the Second World Wars had a negative impact on this small community. Many of its members perished during military operations. Most were forc­ibly resettled, as a result of which they dispersed as a community and became assimilated in foreign environments. Just as dangerous to them was communism, which fought any manifes­tations of religious culture. Nevertheless, today the Karaims still try to live as a distinct people in Lithuania and Poland.
Filozoficzne ramy i przesłanki zróżnicowania podejścia interpretacjonistycznego
Authors: Bachryj-Krzywaźnia Maciej
Published: March 2020

Philosophical frames and premises of diversification of the interpretive approachThe interpretive approach seems to be one of those umbrella terms that cover a multitude of extremely diversified research strategiesAt first sight they seem to have nothing in common except the blurred term interpretation and skepticism about naturalism in social sciences. Nonetheless they have solid common philosophical underpinnings that constitute the peculiarity as well as pluralism of the interpretationist approachThe first one — apriorism — defines its ontology, the second one — anti-Cartesianism — specifies epistemology. Both create distinctiveness toward the objective and empirical standards of scientific investigation that deserve to be called not a mere approach but a paradigm.
Konsultacje społeczne jako forma demokratycznej partycypacji mieszkańców w zarządzaniu wspólnotą lokalną
Authors: Springer Beata
Published: March 2020

Public consultation as a form of democratic participation in managing of local communityThe article discusses the issue of public consultation, legal and formal issues, used in national and European law. It shows the genesis of the Polish regulation of consultation. It presents one of the mechanisms for social participation in the local community and the opportunities offered by the use of this toolIt discusses how important it should be to consult with the people, to communicate with the public. The subject of the study is also a critical analysis of the solutions adopted in resolutions concerning the holding of consultations. At the same time particular examples of solutions used in resolutions of local government are shown. Attention is drawn to the irregularities in constructing the resolutions and the reluctance of parts of local authorities to carry out the consultations. The whole bearing was selected decisions and case law of the administrative courts.
Dyplomacja sportowa w procesie łagodzenia konfliktów międzynarodowych
Authors: Kobierecki Michał Marcin
Published: March 2020

Sports diplomacy as a tool of easing international tensionsThe aim of the article is to theoretically analyse the issue of sports diplomacy from the perspective of its util­ity in easing international tensions. The research encompass clarification of the term sports diplomacy and investigation of two ways of using it in order to ease international tensions: changing perception of hostile states within particular societies and creating opportunities for political leaders from antagonistic countries to meet, which have been described with the use of actual historical cases.
Wróg w politycznych narracjach antagonizmu manichejskiego
Authors: Ziółkowski Jacek
Published: March 2020

Enemy in political narrations of manichaean antagonismThe text is an attempt to draw the reader attention to the importance of mechanisms and potential effects of political narrations of Manichaean antagonism. The author assesses that these type of narrations, par­ticularly when they grow to the status of the official political propaganda, constitute the significant threat to liberal democracy. An axiological antagonism is determining the creation of a state of political war, makes impossible the dialogue and the cooperation between political groups. The rival is taken as the enemy, and political arche is an aspiration to destroy him. Such a scheme is a great challenge for the political pluralism. Antagonistic narrations, especially marked with Gnostic and Manichaean elements most often apply ma­nipulative reductions in complex reality, relying on such public instructions as: low political competence, mistrust, authoritarian and paranoid tendencies.
Rola nauk społecznych w projektach programów i reform społecznych
Authors: Zamorska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The role of social sciences in the projects of programs and social reformsThe subject of the article is the problem with applying social science knowledge to programs and projects of social reforms. Two aspects of the issue have been pointed out. The first refers to the role of social sciences as an intellectual backdrop for social reform programs, while the other shows the consequences of a specific defi­nition of reform and assigning it a high or not position in the scale value of social activities and the practice of its implementation. The question arises about the nature of reforms in Poland, from the 1990s to the present. In three interrelated parts, the origins and development of social sciences have been presented, answering the question of how to support social policy with social science knowledge as useful knowledge, and a refer­ence to social reforms in Poland after 1989 has been made. The article ends with a conclusion that the potential success of the reforms is affected by the cooperation between social sciences, the world of politics and society.
Ocena wpływu inwestycji społecznych w literaturze naukowej
Authors: Moroń Dorota
Published: March 2020

Assessing impact of social investments in scientific literatureThe article presents the results of research on the assessing impact of social investments presented in the scientific literature. The aim is to analyze the theoretical aspects and the results of empirical research on the impact of social investment. The article presents the reasons for undertaking the impact of social in­vestments’ analysis, pointing to the need to validate the effectiveness of actions, to justify public spending and to convince policy makers of the investment implementation’ necessity. The difficulties involved in assessing the impact of social investment in areas: methodology of assessing impact, time perspective and investment functioning in a specific socio-economic context are presented. The conducted analyzes allowed to demonstrate that the assessment of social investment is ambiguous — both the positive impact of invest­ment especially in the labor market and development of human capital and its limited impact, mainly in the fight against poverty can be shown. The results of the research presented in this article were obtained in the framework of the scientific research project Innovative Social Investment Strenghtening Communities in Europe InnoSi, financed by the European Commission from the Horizon 2020 Program.
Ćwierć wieku reformowania systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce — wybrane aspekty
Authors: Kowalczyk Olga
Published: March 2020

Quarter-century of reform in the social security system for the disabled in Poland — selected aspectsSocial policy regarding people with disabilities has been transformed over the past 25 years. The greatest change is seen in the social security system for this social group, including the area of jurisprudence and the availability of funding and services. The system of supported employment has also been reformed. This paper analyzes the effects of instruments studying employment, highlights selected aspects of the disability pension system that is expected to be adjusted under the new pension system, and discusses some aspects of long-term care - benefits available to dependent family members. The aim of the article is to try to assess the reforms undertaken in the context of the whole-life situation of people with disabilities.
Gminne rady seniorów z perspektywy lokalnej polityki senioralnej
Authors: Kubiak Michał
Published: March 2020

Municipal senior citizens councils from the local senior policy perspectiveThe article provides an analysis regarding the creation, organization and functioning of the municipal senior citizens councils in Poland — especially in Pomorskie province. The municipal senior councils are comparatively new entities and are heading towards higher degree elderly people participation in self-government decisions. Thanks to the possibilities for activation elderly people, they hope and will expect to have more influence to meet their needs.
Przerosty etatyzmu
Authors: Rogaczewska Krystyna
Published: March 2020

Overgrowth of statism  Polish economic thought in the interwar period is characterised by the clash of views concerning the in­fluence of the state on the economy. Theoreticians who represented liberalism criticised statism and state interventionism. Statism was viewed not only as an economic category but it was also synonymous with the omnipotence of the state and the appropriation of all the spheres of life. Statism involves the expression  of the expansion of collectivism which destroyed individualism. From the liberals’ perspective, the state’s  intervention in the economy always leads to the appropriation of other spheres of life. The studies carried out by the liberals in the 1920s and 1930s were based on empirical research and the rational justifications of economic calculations. Scholarly studies of the theoreticians affiliated to “the Cracow School” have not lost their relevance and can still be inspiring in the context of the discussion about the level of the state’s intervention in social collective and individual life.
Zarządzanie wizerunkiem osoby publicznej — autokreacja Roberta Biedronia podczas kampanii na prezydenta miasta w 2014 roku
Authors: Kobzarska-Bar Barbara , Arcinowska Anna , Janczak Filip , Marchwińska Weronika
Published: March 2020

Public personality image management: Self-creation of Robert Biedroń during the mayoral campaign in 2014 A key element of each electoral campaign is to create an image of the candidate corresponding to the voters’ expectations. This is an essential task when the vast majority of voters declares that the candidate’s personality was decisive for their voting decisions. An image is a specific construct composed of information provided to the recipient by the candidates themselves, by their staff and mass media, as well as the voters’ personal reflections. The paper focuses on the verbal behaviour of Robert Biedroń in the time when he was running for town mayor of Słupsk in the 2014 elections. This set of major features creates a specific image of the candidate which could have affected the result of the elections in 2014.
Walka o dobrą zmianę: medialne narracje w parlamentarnej kampanii wyborczej w 2015 roku
Authors: Klepka Rafał
Published: March 2020

The struggle for good change: Media narratives in the parliamentary election campaign in 2015 The role of media narratives in politics is particularly important in the time of narrative media, which interpret reality more than they report on the course of events. The article presents the results of research on the content of TV news programs Wiadomości of TVP, Fakty of TVN, and weeklies Polityka, Newsweek and W Sieci from the period preceding the parliamentary campaign in 2015. The aim of the analysis was to determine to what extent the election materials illustrate the activities of the political actors and how many prepared narratives were intended to clearly suggest to the voters who to vote for. The conclusion drawn from the research is that positive and coherent narratives can significantly increase the chance of achieving electoral success.
Hipokryzja i cynizm polityków — normalność czy patologia?
Authors: Młyniec Eugeniusz
Published: March 2020

Hypocrisy and cynicism of politicians — morals or pathology?The article refers to the phenomena of cynicism and hypocrisy existing in the political space, in particular paying attention to the perception of the phenomena by research and, first and foremost, by societies. Cynicism and, above all, hypocrisy are inextricably connected to politics. In the article, a special place is devoted to the conceptualization of normality related to the aforementioned cynicism and hypocrisy, which are also subjects of analysis. An issue was taken up of not only the pathological nature of the phenomena, but also positive sides were pointed out which allow for applying other than a negative evaluation of their mechanisms. These considerations are accompanied by examples related both to historic and modern times, being only an exemplification of the formulated theses, in particular, the thesis of a thin line between what we consider as a negative aspect and what we recognize as having positive aspects. Secondly, it looks at how the phenomena of cynicism and hypocrisy can be relativized depending on the so-called point of view. Thirdly, it is discussed how interesting psychological and social phenomena are attitudes and behaviours of individuals and large social groups, very often unaware of the importance of their activities. However, it needs to be admitted that sometimes we encounter individuals not only in politics who use these means deliberately. Most frequently, hypocrites and authors of cynical behaviours are exposed by their social environment.
Wprowadzenie do dyskusji
Authors: Kisielewicz Andrzej
Published: March 2020

Introduction to the discussionThis text introduces the discussion about my book Logic and argumentation during the symposium held in Wrocław on 7 December 2017. In the introduction, I present quite a long history of the creation of the book, indicating that this history is important for the content of the book.
Czy logika formalna ma sens?
Authors: Newelski Ludomir
Published: March 2020

Does formal logic make sense?This text is a commentary on the book Logika i argumentacja. Praktyczny kurs krytycznego myślenia Logic and Argumentation. A Practical Course In Critical Thinking by Professor Andrzej Kisielewicz. Prof. Kisielewicz argues there, among other things, that formal symbolic logic is inadequate to explain practical rational reasoning. This commentary defends formal logic in this respect. In particular, Prof. Kisielewicz proposes in his book a definition of practical logical inference. According to him, a conclusion follows from a given set of premises if there is no situation, where the premises hold, while the conclusion fails. In this commentary it is pointed out that this is a well-known notion of semantic inference in formal logic. It is also well-known that semantic and syntactic inference in logic are equivalent, i.e. equally strong.
Czy to możliwe, że Heidegger był reistą? Próba rekonstrukcji Heideggerowskiej ontyki
Authors: Hoły-Łuczaj Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Is it possible that Heidegger was a reist? An attempt to reconstruct Heideggerian onticityThe paper aims to answer the following question: does Martin Heidegger’s ontology has its complement in some kind of onticity? In the attempt to reconstruct it, I show that Heidegger’s concept of being is combined with the reistic theory represented i.a. by Tadeusz Kotarbinski, according to which a being is always a thing. I argue that this is the result of the basic principles of Heideggerian being: that being is unfolding of the particularity and peculiarity of each being and that being discloses itself through the structures of time-space, and hence it can occur only in the single, unique, and concrete beings such as things, and not in ideas or general and abstract beings.
Franz Caucig’s „Phaedrus”
Authors: Bove Geoffrey S. , Coskun Ilter
Published: March 2020

The article interprets Franz Caucig’s Socrates with a Disciple and Diotima?, one of several paintings commissioned for Palais Auersperg in Vienna, now housed at the Slovenian National Gallery. Socrates and a young man are in a pastoral setting beneath a plane tree near a river. They are addressed by a woman, and a chariot with maidens can be seen in the background. The scene is from Plato’s Phaedrus, since Socrates never leaves Athens, except for military service and in this scene from the Phaedrus. The woman addressing Socrates and Phaedrus in the painting cannot be Diotima because her chariot has two white horses, indicating a goddess. The most likely goddess would be the goddess in the poem of Parmenides of Elea, the source of the soul-chariot analogy in the Phaedrus. The setting of Caucig’s Socrates painting bears a remarkable similarity to his Amnytus painting, which features political references to Napoleon’s subjection of Gorizia, Caucig’s homeland. Caucig’s Phaedrus remarks upon Napoleon’s conquests, Hegel’s lectures on Parmenides, and David’s idealized painting of Napoleon crossing the Alps.
Policing in the Slovak Republic. The organization and current problems of police work
Authors: Gašpierik Libor
Published: March 2020

POLICING IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC. THE ORGANIZATION AND CURRENT PROBLEMS OF POLICE WORK The Police perform one of the most important roles within the modern society from the view­point of providing and maintaining peace, order and security. In the Slovak Republic the Police have been in existence for a relatively short time, but legislation regulating their activities and structure has already undergone several reforms. This treatise contains information regarding the structure and tasks of the Police of the Slovak Republic, discusses the development of criminality within the Slovak Republic, and analyses the current social status of the Police.
Totalitaryzm i terminy pokrewne w naukach społecznych oraz w polskim języku prawnym i prawniczym
Authors: Izdebski Hubert
Published: March 2020

TOTALITARIANISM AND ITS DERIVATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE LAW AND IN THE JURISTIC LANGUAGEThe question how to study the historical phenomenon of totalitarianism is one of the most important questions raised, and examined, by Professor Maria Zmierczak, who has noted a danger of instrumentalisation of the concept, in particular in the post-communist countries. The article concerns such danger in making and applying the Polish law, as totalitarianism and its derivations have been in use in the juristic language since the beginning of the 1990s and put into legislative texts, since the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Article 13 of the Constitution declares that “Shall be prohibited political parties and other organisations whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of nazism, fascism and communism”. That formula was, on the one hand, an effect and condemnation of the difficult experience of the past, in particular of the period of the “People’s Poland”, and, on the other hand, it opened the room for official, legal qualification of the recent past, in the situation of a dispute among specialists in social sciences over communism in Poland, in particular whether it ended in 1956 or lasted until 1989/1990. In the resolution of 2 April 2009, the European Parliament warned against imposing of a given political interpretation of history by parliaments. Nevertheless, in Poland such imposing, seeming to exceed the natural need to impose sanctions on those who infringed citizen’s rights in the previous time, has taken place, and it substantially grows in the present time. On the other hand, the concept of totalitarianism and its derivations seems to be less and less in use in the juristic language, i.e. that of lawyers including judges, orienting rather on a prudent language of science than that more and more radical of the political majority, and, therefore, of the law.
Oddział wileński Polskiego Towarzystwa Eugenicznego Walki ze Zwyrodnieniem Rasy w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — geneza, działalność i struktura prawna
Authors: Dąbrowski Przemysław
Published: March 2020

VILNIUS BRANCH OF THE POLISH EUGENICS SOCIETY FIGHTING AGAINST BREEDING DEGENERATION DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD — GENESIS, ACTIVITY AND LEGAL STRUCTUREVilnius Branch of the Polish Eugenics Society played asignificant role in the development and propagation of eugenic ideas. Statutory goals were realized through the establishment of eugenic and premarital counseling. In addition, alot of attention has been devoted to numerous lectures. The Vilnius society with great approval accepted the establishment of anew institution, and some resistance came from local intelligentsia and doctors.
Pre-emptive war under international law
Authors: Pietkiewicz Michał
Published: March 2020

PRE-EMPTIVE WAR UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW The thesis is devoted to problems associated with the international legal regulation of pre-emptive war. It is quite obvious that this phenomenon has a logical context revealed in national security policies individual states pursue for themselves. In this regard, analysis was made of the prerequisites for the emergence of a new doctrine of pre-emptive war, and here analysis of the “Bush Doctrine” made it possible to reveal the characteristics of pre-emptive war. In addition, the article pays precise attention to the problem of correlation between the characteristics of pre-emptive war and preventive war. It has been separately established that the current stage of international legaliz­ation of pre-emptive war requires significant improvement in mechanisms preventing this phenom­enon and the development of a system of sanctions. Important conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects for international consolidation and implementation of the pre-emptive war doctrine in the systems of international law.
Stanowisko Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej wobec zamachu majowego w 1926 roku
Authors: Kowalski Wawrzyniec
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to present the standpoints of the Polish Socialist Party against the May coup d’Etat in 1926. The paper brings close the actual influence of socialists and dependent on trade unions within the preparation and course on the May coup d’Etat 1926. The author analyses the role and influence of the socialist past of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski in obtaining the support of the leftist forces in the decisive moments of the 1926 coup d’Etat. The article contains a comparative analysis of the political postulates of the Polish Socialist Party as well as the actions taken by the leading groupings aimed at carrying out political and system reforms in the Second Polish Republic. It was shown that the concept of Polish socialists, adopted at the beginning of the 1920s, consisting of achieving program objectives through gradual and non-revolutionary socio-political reforms, paradoxically was abandoned in 1926 in favour of solutions characteristic for revolutionary groups.
Kwestie prawno-ustrojowe w pracach nad konstytucją kwietniową z 1935 roku
Authors: Bojko Łukasz
Published: March 2020

The April Constitution ended the process of evolution of the political system of prewar Poland. She broke with the principles of liberal democracy and sanctioned the position of the office of the president of Poland as the authoritarian sovereign legally. The sanation Constitution was a Polish reply to the intellectual climate of the thirties. Drawing mainly upon archive materials, the author acquaints the reader with the legal and political subject matter of the April Constitution and with legal argumentation for the reconstruction of the political system of the Second Republic of Poland.
Od umowy o władzę do nietolerancji religijnej. Samuel Rutherford i kontraktualne uzasadnienie prześladowań religijnych
Authors: Tulejski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

FROM THE CONTRACT OF GOVERNMENT TO RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE. SAMUEL RUHTERFORD AND CONTRACTARIAN JUSTIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS PERSECUTIONSSamuel Rutherford 1600?–1661 was a Scottish Presbyterian minister whose political writings form a part of the controversial literature written during the English Civil War period in the mid-seventeenth century. Most of his political writing was done while he sat as a Scottish commissioner in the Westminster Assembly of Divines. His major political book, Lex, Rex was burned by order of the Restoration Government in 1660, and Rutherford was cited on a charge of treason as its author. In his opinion, in order to form a government men contract with one or more men among themselves, giving to them the authority of rulership. The ruler is under contract to rule according to the higher law for the welfare of all people. Rulership is a trust from the people and is never given without reservation. If the ruler misuses his trust, the people have the right and duty to resist him in order to preserve themselves within the higher law. Knowledge of the higher law comes through reason but reason is fallible. However, God has graciously provided the infallible Scripture as a guide to reason. Rutherford believes there is only one true interpretation of Scripture and that God has given to the Church primary authority in interpretation. In this article, the Author argues that Rutherford’s doctrine of exclusive truth leads him to an uncompromising position of religious intolerance.
Zapomniane zwycięstwo 4 czerwca — o mitologii politycznej filmu „Psy” Władysława Pasikowskiego
Authors: Nieć Mateusz
Published: March 2020

Forgotten victory of 4 June: about the political mythology of the movie Dogs by Władysław PasikowskiThe article analyzes the victorious election of Solidarity on 4 June 1989. Władysław Pasikowski, a young Polish director, has shown in the movie Dogs 1992 a metaphor of the 4 June victory, which is analyzed in this article. Other issues from the movie are not presented, neither is the contemporary political situation. Only the contemporary context of the movie is presented. The movie Dogs shows a wide political and cultural background of a political change, probably because Pasikowski is a cultural anthropologist, not only a director. The article consists of three parts. In the first part of the article I present a concept of mythology by Roland Barthes in my own interpretation; I named my interpretation a political mythology. In the second part of the text I explain the phrase “forgotten victory” and discuss the political context “forgetfulness”. In the last part of the article I analyze the movie Dogs. Pasikowski presented a story of a police officer and his community political police during transformation in Poland. Pasikowski showed in the film the last days of the People’s Poland, her moral and political downfall. This film gave rise to many voices and commentaries, both positive and disapproving. The film was recognized by victims fighting about liberty as hurtful. Especially, a scene in a policemen canteen was recognized as derogatory. In a few scenes of the movie Pasikowski described the elite of People’s Poland. Pasikowski told a story about the last days of People’s Poland in the context of a crime. Since the movie Dogs, Pasikowski has debated with the Polish Film School and at the same time he has carried on with moral issues of the Polish Film School. He said and showed where the winners of Maciek Chełmicki, the protagonist of the film Popiół i diament Ashes and Diamonds of Andrzej Wajda director and Jerzy Andrzejewski writer, are now. Moreover, Pasikowski has discussed in films with Polish right-wing parties and right-wing journalists about the beginning of the Third Republic of Poland.
Czytelnictwo więźniów w Zakładzie Karnym w Rawiczu
Authors: Woźny Karolina
Published: March 2020

Readership of prisoners in the Rawicz prisonA prison library is an institution intended to provide convicts with access to literature, culture, and education. In Poland, the approach to functions of prisons and prison libraries changed with political system transformation. After 1989 the penology was modified from the repressive model to the reha­bilitative one. Prisoners can participate in cultural events, such as theatre performances, book clubs and prison newspapers publishing. Such involvement should be based on well-equipped library supervised by aqualified librarian. The reality is different, but statistics of Central Statistical Office of Poland GUS reveal that prison libraries in Poland are constantly developing. The author of the work conducted the survey in the prison in Rawicz aimed at the exploration of prisoners’ readership. The analysis involved 50 individuals. According to the study’s results, convicts consider the library as anecessary institution, which they use willingly. Most of the respondents admitted that they read books, while almost all of them reported reading the press. The most popular literary genres among the surveyed turned out to be fantastic and detective stories.
„Biblia królowej Zofii” — od rękopisu do formy cyfrowej
Authors: Łubocki Jakub Maciej
Published: March 2020

Bible of Queen Sophia — from the manuscript to the digital formThe aim of study was to describe tangled history of Biblia królowej Zofii Bible of Queen Sophia; Queen Sophia’s Bible; Sárospatak Bible. This is one of the greatest cultural artefact of the Old Pol­ish language — currently considered missing in its original form. Against this background, the au­thor set further transpositions of the manuscript into anew forms of publications out transcription, collotype, transliteration, digitization. These other forms are associated with such figures as Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Jerzy Henryk Lubomirski, Antoni Małecki, Ludwik Bernacki, Zenon Klem­ensiewicz, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Vladimír Kyas — they researched the manuscript or initiated the process of its re-publication. Description and analysis of the effects of their achievements and their advantages and disadvantages, it all shows how difficult it is to face transposition of awork into anew form, and aproper choice of form and appropriately attuned reference matter are the keys to correct and effective presentation of the ancient work in contemporary realities.
Biblioteki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego na łamach „Przeglądu Księgarskiego”
Authors: Olczak-Kardas Monika
Published: March 2020

Libraries of the interwar period on the pages of Przegląd KsięgarskiThe article depicts libraries and their functions in the interwar period as presented in Przegląd Księgarski, a paper which was the press organ of the Union of Polish Booksellers. The research has been limited to the 1918/1919–1920, 1922–1928 and 1935–1939 years’ issues. A total of 381 papers on library issues have been analyzed. The vast majority of the content was connected with Polish libraries. The articles primarily echoed bookselling-related developments in the Polish librarianship. As regards the foreign libraries, the papers mainly discussed private and public libraries, and library acts. The research has revealed a wide range of the topics addressed. Those, inter alia, involved statistical data pertaining to collections of books and readers, functions and tasks of the libraries of different types, library organization and basic procedures with special reference to the library collections policy. The articles also dealt with such major issues as the idea of the national library, legal deposit and the legal basis for library services. The reader could also find some information on union activity of the librarians, vocational training programmes and library press.
Praca bibliotekarza z perspektywy półwiecza na przykładzie Sekcji Informacji Naukowej Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
Authors: Nowak Jagoda Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

The work of the librarians of the Reference Department of the Jagiellonian Library over the yearsEveryone can see what the library does, but is one aware of what tasks were involved and fall under the responsibility of a librarian? Based on the interviews conducted with librarians of the Reference Department of the Jagiellonian Library, the basic changes that have taken place in the librarian’s profession will be discussed. Review of old and current librarian work tools, as well as the scope of its duties will be compared. The aim of the work is to show the process of evolution of the librarian’s profession, with particular emphasis on changes that have occurred in the area of work tools and the manner of performed tasks.
Determinants of Drug Adherence on Grade Two and Three Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Fikriana Riza , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Ahsan Ahsan , Afik Al
Published: March 2020

Background: Compliance for taking medication to become an important thing for a patient with hypertension. Compliance is needed to control blood pressure and prevent complication. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that influence patients adherence to taking medicine.Method: The study design was observational analytic using a cross-sectional approach. Samples were 225 patients with hypertension class 2 and 3, in Malang district, Indonesia. The sampling technique was done by using a multistage random sampling technique. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson test and linear regression.Results: The results showed that patients adherence in taking medicine was 32.9% for the low category, 51.1% in the medium category and 16% in the good category. Factors influencing the adherence were ages (p-value: 0.002), turning to religion (p-value: 0.011), gender (p-value: 0.016) and suppressing competition activities (p-value: 0.063).Discussion: Demographic characteristics and focused emotional mastery influence taking the medication in patients with grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension. Strengthening coping strategies with transporting to coping emotions becomes very important to discuss in patients with grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension, so that adherence to hypertension is needed will be able to control blood pressure and prevent complications.