bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microarray and in silico analysis of DNA repair genes between human testis of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia and normal cells
Authors: Hashemi Karoii Danial , Azizi Hossein , Skutella Thomas
Published: September 2022

DNA repair processes are critical to maintaining genomic integrity. As a result, dysregulation of repair genes is likely to be linked with health implications, such as an increased prevalence of infertility and an accelerated rate of aging. We evaluated all the DNA repair genes (322 genes) by microarray. This study has provided insight into the connection between DNA repair genes, including RAD23B, OBFC2A, PMS1, UBE2V1, ERCC5, SMUG1, RFC4, PMS2L5, MMS19, SHFM1, INO80, PMS2L1, CHEK2, TRIP13, and POLD4. The microarray analysis of six human cases with different nonobstructive azoospermia revealed that RAD23B, OBFC2A, PMS1, UBE2V1, ERCC5, SMUG1, RFC4, PMS2L5, MMS19, SHFM1, and INO80 were upregulated, and expression of PMS2L1, CHEK2, TRIP13, and POLD4 was downregulated versus the normal case. For this purpose, Enrich Shiny GO, STRING, and Cytoscape online evaluation was applied to predict proteins’ functional and molecular interactions and then performed to recognize the master pathways. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the biological process (BP) terms “base‐excision repair, AP site formation,” “nucleotide‐excision repair, DNA gap filling,” and “nucleotide‐excision repair, preincision complex assembly” was significantly overexpressed in upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). BP analysis of downregulated DEGs highlighted “histone phosphorylation,” “DNA damage response, detection DNA response,” “mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling,“ and “double‐strand break repair.” Overrepresented molecular function (MF) terms in upregulated DEGs included “Oxidized base lesion DNA N‐glycosylase activity,” “uracil DNA N‐glycosylase activity,” “bubble DNA binding” and “DNA clamp loader activity.” Interestingly, MF investigation of downregulated DEGs showed overexpression in “heterotrimeric G‐protein complex,” “5′‐deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate lyase activity,” “minor groove of adenine‐thymine‐rich DNA binding,” and “histone kinase activity.” Our findings suggest that these genes and their interacting hub proteins could help determine the pathophysiology of germ cell abnormalities and infertility.
Outcomes and challenges of the provisional stenting technique: Insights from the PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION registry
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Allana Salman , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Burke Martin Nicholas , Garcia Santiago , Wang Yale , Chavez Ivan , Gössl Mario , Sorajja Paul , Mooney Michael , Poulose Anil , Sandoval Yader , Traverse Jay , Rangan Bavana V. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: September 2022

Background

Provisional stenting is the most commonly used coronary bifurcation stenting strategy.

Methods

We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics, challenges encountered, and procedural outcomes with the provisional bifurcation stenting strategy in the Prospective Global Registry of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Bifurcation Lesions (PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION, NCT05100992).

Results

Provisional stenting was used in 334 of 430 bifurcation interventions (78%). Technical success was lower (95% vs. 100%, p = 0.017) in provisional, but procedural success (90% vs. 95%, p = 0.095) and incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events were similar (5% vs. 5%, p = 0.945) compared with two‐stent strategies. Provisional was less often preferred in left main/left anterior descending involvement (47% vs. 73%, p < 0.001). Provisional stenting cases had smaller side branch (SB) diameter (2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.001), shorter SB lesion length (5 [3−8] vs. 10 [5−10] mm, p < 0.001), less SB diameter stenosis (46 ± 35 vs. 81 ± 20%, p < 0.001), and were less likely to be Medina 1,1,1 (34% vs. 73%, p < 0.001). PCI challenges were less common (30% vs. 58%, p < 0.001) with provisional stenting: (1) rewiring difficulty (43%) that was overcome with use of a different wire (74%) or microcatheter (46%); (2) inability to deliver a stent (22%) or balloon (9%) that was overcome with use of a smaller balloon (88%), rewiring (25%), or increased support/microcatheter (25%).

Conclusions

Provisional bifurcation stenting was more often performed in distal lesions with less SB involvement and had lower technical success, but similar procedural success and complications compared with two‐stent strategies.
Successful treatment of severe post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome with lung transplantation in a patient with multi‐organ chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Pénichoux Juliette , Bouclet Florian , Alani Mustafa , Contentin Nathalie , Ménard Anne‐Lise , Leprêtre Stéphane , Lenain Pascal , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Lhuillier Elodie , Lanic Hélène , Lemasle Emilie , Dubois Sydney , Bourhis Jean‐Henri , Mal Hervé , Jardin Fabrice , Camus Vincent
Published: September 2022

Allogeneic stem cell transplant and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease may lead to severe non‐infectious pulmonary disease in 6% of patients at 5 years. We report the case of a young patient with acute myeloid leukemia who successfully received bilateral lung transplantation for severe bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.
Pseudohexagonal Nb2O5‐Decorated Carbon Nanotubes as a High‐Performance Composite Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Guanxu , Chen Jintao , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie , Miller Thomas S.
Published: September 2022

To promote the commercial application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), new high‐stability and high‐capacity anode materials are needed. Metal oxides show great promise, but significant issues relating to their low electrical conductivity and unstable structure during charge storage must be resolved. Herein, a new composite anode consisting of pseudohexagonal Nb2O5 (TT‐Nb2O5) nanoparticles strongly anchored to carbon nanotubes (CNT) through a glucose‐derived carbon framework (Nb2O5/g‐CNT) was synthesised and assessed for use as the anode in SIBs. This represents the first application of TT‐Nb2O5 in SIBs. The composite is shown to offer high specific capacity (203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), good rate capability (53 mAh g−1 at high current density of 5 A g−1), and a high‐capacity retention rate (135 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 between 25 and 300 cycles). This is attributed to high electrical conductivity and flexibility offered by the designed carbon framework, the superior capacity of the TT‐Nb2O5 and the linkage between the two provided by the bonding glucose derived carbon. This work therefore demonstrates a scalable route for the application of metal oxides in future high‐performance SIB systems.
Initial Stages of Sodium Deposition onto Au(111) from [MPPip][TFSI]: An In‐Situ STM Study for Sodium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Heubach Maren‐Kathrin , Schuett Fabian M. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Abdelrahman Areeg , Jacob Timo
Published: September 2022

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Professor Timo Jacob at Ulm University. The cover picture shows a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) tip that is scanning the Au(111) single crystal surface in‐situ during sodium deposition. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202200722.
Mitochondrial Targeting and Imaging with Small Organic Conjugated Fluorophores: A Review
Authors: Crawford Hannah , Dimitriadi Maria , Bassin Jatinder , Cook Michael T. , Abelha Thais Fedatto , Calvo‐Castro Jesus
Published: September 2022

The last decade has seen an increasingly large number of studies reporting on the development of novel small organic conjugated systems for mitochondrial imaging exploiting optical signal transduction pathways. Mitochondria are known to play a critical role in a number of key biological processes, including cellular metabolism. Importantly, irregularities on their working function are nowadays understood to be intimately linked to a range of clinical conditions, highlighting the importance of targeting mitochondria for therapeutic benefits. In this work we carry out an in‐depth evaluation on the progress to date in the field to pave the way for the realization of superior alternatives to those currently existing. The manuscript is structured by commonly used chemical scaffolds and comprehensively covers key aspects factored in design strategies such as synthetic approaches as well as photophysical and biological characterization, to foster collaborative work among organic and physical chemists as well as cell biologists.
Reactivity of a N‐Coordinated Germylene‐Borane Complex: From Ge→B to Ge→Ga Coordination
Authors: Vítek Dominik , Růžička Aleš , Vermeersch Lise , Dostál Libor , Turek Jan , Jambor Roman
Published: September 2022

Reactivity studies of the GeII→B complex L(Cl)Ge⋅BH3(1; L=2‐Et2NCH2‐4,6‐tBu2‐C6H2) were performed to determine the effect on the GeII→B donation. N‐coordinated compounds L(OtBu)Ge⋅BH3(2) and [LGe⋅BH3]2(3) were prepared. The possible tuning of the GeII→B interaction was proved experimentally, yielding compounds 1‐PPh2‐8‐(LGe)‐C10H6(4) and L(Cl)Ge⋅GaCl3(5) without a GeII→B interaction. In5, an unprecedented GeII→Ga coordination was revealed. The experimental results were complemented by a theoretical study focusing on the bonding in1−5. The different strength of the GeII→E (E=B, Ga) donation was evaluated by using energy decomposition analysis. The basicity of different L(X)Ge groups through proton affinity is also assessed.
Synthesis of Highly Accessible and Reactive Sites in Gold Nanoparticles Using Bound Bis(Diphenylphosphine) Ligands
Authors: Sufyan Sayed Abu , van Devener Brian , Nigra Michael M.
Published: September 2022

While bound organic ligands provide steric protection against aggregation for metallic nanoparticles in solution, they can block a large fraction of the surface atoms which are needed for binding in catalysis and sensing applications. In this work, highly accessible Au nanoparticles ligated with bis(diphenylphosphine) molecules are synthesized and characterized in solution. Characterization is performed using high angle annular dark field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, and fluorescence chemisorption experiments. These synthesized nanoparticles are accessible to a 2‐napthalenethiol (2‐NT) probe molecule in solution. The highest 2‐NT accessibility is observed when using 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) ligand where 61 % of the total gold atoms are accessible. It is hypothesized that increasing the rigidity of the bis(diphenylphosphine) ligand increases the number of binding sites on the Au nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are catalytically active for resazurin reduction, and the resazurin reduction rate scales with the number of binding sites.
Host‐Guest Active Layer Enabling Annealing‐Free, Nonhalogenated Green Solvent Processing for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells†
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Chen Haiyang , Zhang Ben , Cheng Qinrong , Yang Heyi , Chen Ziyuan , Zeng Guang , Ding Junyuan , Chen Weijie , Li Yaowen
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Recent advances in non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) like Y6 have pushed the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) above 19%. However, the harsh fabrication conditions, such as the use of the highly volatile chloroform (CF) solvent and the thermal annealing process, are not suitable for large‐area printing technologies and environmental standards. Here, a series of guest molecules, BT2O, BTO, and BT4O, are designed and synthesized with different numbers of oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) repeating units in side chains. All these guest molecules could tune the crystallization kinetics of the annealing‐free host‐guest active layers by inducing the self‐assembly of Y6 in non‐halogenated paraxylene (PX) solution. The increasing number of OEG repeating units in guest molecules could enhance the molecular assembly ability but molecular stacking steric hindrance simultaneously. Therefore, BTO with three OEG repeating units blended with PM6:PM7:Y6 delivers the highest PCE of 17.78%. Our results demonstrate controlling the crystallization kinetics via delicate side‐chain engineering of guest molecules is an effective way to achieve efficient OSCs in non‐halogenated solution.
Traveling Wave Solutions to the Free Boundary Incompressible Navier‐Stokes Equations
Authors: Leoni Giovanni , Tice Ian
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study a finite‐depth layer of viscous incompressible fluid in dimension , modeled by the Navier‐Stokes equations. The fluid is assumed to be bounded below by a flat rigid surface and above by a free, moving interface. A uniform gravitational field acts perpendicularly to the flat surface, and we consider the cases with and without surface tension acting on the free interface. In addition to these gravity‐capillary effects, we allow for a second force field in the bulk and an external stress tensor on the free interface, both of which are posited to be in traveling wave form, i.e., time‐independent when viewed in a coordinate system moving at a constant velocity parallel to the rigid lower boundary. We prove that, with surface tension in dimension and without surface tension in dimension , for every nontrivial traveling velocity there exists a nonempty open set of force and stress data that give rise to traveling wave solutions. While the existence of inviscid traveling waves is well‐known, to the best of our knowledge this is the first construction of viscous traveling wave solutions.

Our proof involves a number of novel analytic ingredients, including: the study of an overdetermined Stokes problem and its underdetermined adjoint problem, a delicate asymptotic development of the symbol for a normal‐stress to normal‐Dirichlet map defined via the Stokes operator, a new scale of specialized anisotropic Sobolev spaces, and the study of a pseudodifferential operator that synthesizes the various operators acting on the free surface functions. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
How a Facet of a Nanocrystal Is Formed: The Concept of the Symmetry Based Kinematic Theory
Authors: Ni Bing , González‐Rubio Guillermo , Cölfen Helmut
Published: September 2022

Conventional nanocrystal (NC) growth mechanisms have overwhelmingly focused on the final exposed facets to explain shape evolution. However, how the final facets are formed from the initial nuclei or seeds, has not been specifically interrogated. In this concept paper, we would like to concentrate on this specific topic, and introduce the symmetry based kinematic theory (SBKT) to explain the formation and evolution of crystal facets. It is a crystallographic theory based on the classical crystal growth concepts developed to illustrate the shape evolution during the NC growth. The most important principles connecting the basic NC growth processes and morphology evolution are the preferential growth directions and the properties of kinematic waves. On the contrary, the final facets are just indications of how the crystal growth terminates, and their formation and evolution rely on the NC growth processes: surface nucleation and layer advancement. Accordingly, the SBKT could even be applied to situations where non‐faceted NCs such as spheres are formed.
Higher baseline levels of CSF inflammation increase risk of incident mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Contreras Joey A. , Aslanyan Vahan , Albrecht Daniel S. , Mack Wendy J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Pa Judy
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Few studies have investigated how neuroinflammation early in the disease course may affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression over time despite evidence that neuroinflammation is associated with AD.

Methods

Research participants with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were included in this study. Cox models were used to investigate whether baseline CSF neuroinflammation was associated with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. Moderating effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 were also examined.

Results

Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐9, and IL‐12p40 at baseline were associated with higher rates of conversion to MCI/AD. Interactions with sex and APOE ε4 were observed, such that women with elevated TNF‐α and all APOE ε4 carriers with elevated IL‐9 levels had shorter times to conversion. In addition, TNF‐α mediated the relationship between elevated IL‐12p40 and IL‐9.

Discussion

Elevated neuroinflammation markers are associated with incident MCI/AD, and the factors of sex and APOE ε4 status modify the time to conversion.
Tris‐dipicolinate Lanthanide Complexes: Influence of the Second Hydration Sphere on the Solid‐State Luminescence Properties
Authors: Salaam Jeremy , N'Dala‐Louika Isis , Balogh Cristina , Suleimanov Iurii , Pilet Guillaume , Veyre Laurent , Camp Clément , Thieuleux Chloé , Riobé François , Maury Olivier
Published: September 2022

A series of tris‐dipicolinate europium complexes featuring different complexes has been prepared, and their photophysical study has been performed in the solid state highlighting the crucial role of second sphere water molecules. The non‐radiative deactivation constant (knr) varies significantly with the number of interstitial water molecules and their distance to the europium emitting center. The complex (NBu4)3[Eu(DPA)3], featuring the most lipophilic cation, exhibits excellent solubility and remarkable photophysical properties in aprotic solvents.
Collective system‐supporting inaction: A conceptual framework of privilege maintenance
Authors: Täuber Susanne , Moughalian Catherine
Published: September 2022

Recent protest movements such as #MeToo exposed that institutional change initiatives targeting harassment and discrimination have so far failed to achieve equity. We propose that this is because such policy initiatives fail to account for the motivation of those privileged by inequality regimes to maintain and perpetuate these systems. Addressing gaps in collective action scholarship, we introduce a normative framework conceptualising the inaction of dominant groups as system‐supporting behaviour to preserve the status quo. System‐supporting inaction is a central and highly effective technique used by dominant group members to hinder processes of change and preserve their power, and it often preludes escalation to violent backlash over time. Building on sociological models of inequality and power, we develop a conceptual model that accounts for the group dynamics associated with collective system‐supporting (in)action. We propose an agenda for future research that focuses on resistance to change as a means of maintaining privilege.
A highly efficient and durable solar evaporator based on hierarchical ion‐selective nanostructures
Authors: Li Lianhui , Du Lang , Bai Yuanyuan , Wang Yongfeng , Hao Mingming , Liu Mengyuan , Ge Changlei , Wang Shuqi , Zheng Hui , Li Lili , Sun Fuqin , Zhang Ting
Published: September 2022

Solar‐driven vapor generation technology can directly produce clean water, but existing strategies remain challenging in achieving both high evaporation performance and good salt resistance due to complex water‐thermal management. Here, we constructed hydrogel‐based hierarchically nanostructured evaporator (HNE) with vertically aligned micro water transportation pathways and water confined ion selective nanochannels. Based on the polarity modified hierarchical structures and umbrella‐shaped geometry design, HNEs can achieve high‐speed water transfer at low saturated water content to realize efficient heat energy confinement, and provide more heat exchange sites. Consequently, an exciting water evaporation rate of 3.68 kg m−2 h−1 and the efficiency of 91.1% were achieved under 1 sun solar radiation. More importantly, the overlapping electrical double layer in the narrow nanochannels endows the ions selectivity of the nanochannel to reject anions, resulting in reliable long‐term salt resistance. The ingenious design was creatively confirmed by streaming potential and validated during long‐term efficient work.

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Uniaxial model for simulating the cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete members
Authors: Ghorbani Rasool , Suselo Ariel , Gendy Samer , Matamoros Adolfo , Ghannoum Wassim
Published: September 2022

A new computational model is proposed within the lumped‐plasticity framework to simulate the lateral load‐deformation response of reinforced concrete members up to complete loss of lateral strength. The proposed model implements new features that enhance simulation fidelity of reinforced concrete members. It employs a cubic spline function to simulate the gradual changes of stiffness observed in the unloading‐reloading behavior of concrete members under seismic loading. The proposed model takes a different approach to simulating cyclic behavior from existing models, by utilizing an energy dissipation term as the central parameter to adjust the level of pinching in a response. The model replicates the amount of cyclic energy dissipation specified by the user, regardless of other parameters. It also automatically adjusts cyclic energy dissipation with increasing lateral deformations, to match experimental observations from concrete members. The model is equipped with deformation and energy‐based damage functions that can realistically capture stiffness and strength damage in concrete members, even under non‐symmetric cyclic loading. Using these functionalities, the model can adjust the lateral load‐deformation backbone response based on load‐history to account for short‐ or long‐duration non‐symmetric ground motion inputs. The proposed model is applicable for simulating the lateral shear or moment behaviors of reinforced concrete members, such as columns, beams, walls, and joints. The model is implemented in the open‐source simulation platform OpenSees as the CyclicReinforcedConcrete model.
Fractional order simulation for unsteady MHD nanofluid flow in porous medium with Soret and heat generation effects
Authors: Patel Harshad , Mittal Akhil , Nagar Tejal
Published: September 2022

In this paper, unsteady magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow with thermo‐diffusion and heat generation effects is studied. The fluid flow at the plate is considered exponentially accelerated through a porous medium. The governing system of equations is made dimensionless with the help of similarity transformation. A Caputo–Fabrizio fractional‐order derivative is employed to generalize the momentum, energy, and concentration equations, and the exact expression is obtained using Laplace transformation techniques. To realize the physics of the problem, numerical results of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are obtained and presented through graphs. Also, the numerical values of the Nusselt number and Sherwood number are obtained and compared which strongly agree with the previous studies. From the results, it is concluded that velocity distribution decline by improving the value of the chemical reaction and magnetic field while the reverse trend is observed for volume fraction and micropolar parameter. It is also seen that the heat transfer process improves with heat generation and thermal radiation whereas, mass transfer declines with the chemical reaction parameter.
An innovative application of multiple impinging jet flow field in fuel cells
Authors: Khademi Saeed , Bazargan Majid
Published: September 2022

The flow field in a fuel cell is expected to distribute the reactants as uniformly as possible over the active plate, support the reasonable pressure drop across the channel and maximize the mass transfer through the catalyst layers. To simultaneously accomplish these requirements, an innovative multiple impingement jet flow field (MIJFF) is proposed in this study. A three‐dimensional thermo‐fluid simulation is used to evaluate the proposed idea and compare its performance against the commonly used parallel field flow (PFF). The domain of calculations includes a channel with multiple impingement jets linked to a porous gas diffusion layer under low Reynolds flow conditions. The results reveal that the suggested MIJFF design significantly increases the transport of the reactant gases through the catalyst layer. The penetration depth into the catalyst layer in the MIJFF arrangement is higher than that of the PFF setup and the use of the catalyst layer is optimized, which in turn can lead to a reduction of the activation drop. Compared to a PFF design under similar operating conditions, the mean Nusselt number is shown to increase by a factor of about 3.5 in the MIJFF setup. Furthermore, the temperature is more uniformly distributed in the MIJFF pattern which results in more effective distribution of the reactant gases over the active surface. The current study shows that under equal pressure drop conditions, the MIJFF exhibits a much higher performance than a PFF channel design. That is while the corresponding flow rate for the MIJFF is much lower than that of PFF.
Parents' perceptions of the quality of infant sleep behaviours and practices: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Zanetti Nina , D'Souza Levita , Tchernegovski Phillip , Blunden Sarah
Published: September 2022

A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to explore how parents perceive sleep quality in their infants aged 0–24 months and the factors that influence these perceptions. A systematic search of the databases Scopus, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo and MEDLINE, was undertaken to identify eligible peer‐reviewed studies published between 2006–2021. Ten papers met inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in the review. Evaluation of papers with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist classified papers as weak, moderate or strong, with half considered strong. Thematic synthesis identified one superordinate theme, culture, and five interrelated subordinate themes regarding how parents perceive their infant's sleep and the factors that may influence these perceptions. These themes were: (1) Infants physical and emotional comfort; (2) Beliefs regarding safety; (3) Parental and familial wellbeing; (4) Perceived degree of infant agency; (5) Influence of external beliefs and opinions. The findings from this review may assist practitioners in providing parents with personalized and culturally sensitive information regarding infant sleep and may also inform antenatal and early intervention practices, subsequently minimizing parental distress regarding infant sleep patterns.
Is accuracy of estimated fetal weight improved by better image quality scores?
Authors: Ambroise Grandjean Gaëlle , Le Gall Laura , Bourguignon Laurence , Collin Adeline , Hossu Gabriela , Morel Olivier
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess in a group of ultrasound operators of various levels of experience the predictive value of systematic quality scoring to assess estimated fetal weight (EFW) validity.

Methods

Screenshots, sonographer experience, and neonate birth weight were collected for 131 ultrasound examinations in the 7 days before birth. The difference (EFW error) between projected birth weight (EFW + [30 g × interval in days to birth]) and actual birth weight was then assessed (absolute value). Three senior sonographers rated all the screenshots (International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16‐point score for image quality) and interobserver reproducibility was assessed concomitantly. The impact of the score on EFW accuracy was then assessed (univariate analysis). Receiver operating characteristic curves allowed us to assess the score's positive predictive value (PPV) for accurate EFW.

Results

Mean birth weight was 2998 ± 954 g and mean EFW error was 8.6% ± 7.1%. Both the sonographer's experience and score significantly impacted the EFW error (P < 0.05). The PPVs of systematic image scores for identifying an EFW error greater than 10% and greater than 15% were appropriate for clinical use (areas under the curve 0.61 and 0.70, respectively). Score reproducibility was modest.

Conclusion

Low image scores and limited ultrasound expertise are associated with an increased risk of inaccurate EFW.
The relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms in adolescents during high stress: The moderating role of emotion regulation
Authors: Braet Jolien , Giletta Matteo , Wante Laura , Van Beveren Marie‐Lotte , Verbeken Sandra , Goossens Lien , Lomeo Beatrice , Anslot Eline , Braet Caroline
Published: September 2022

Introduction

This study examined the moderating role of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation in the relationship between general perceived stress and depressive symptoms during the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown in March–April 2020 in Belgium, while controlling for past depressive symptoms in 2016.

Methods

Participants were 110 adolescents (55% female; Mage = 16, SDage = 1.80) who filled out different questionnaires assessing maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS), perceived stress, and depressive symptoms.

Results

Results revealed that only maladaptive ERS statistically significantly moderated the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. More specifically, the amount of perceived stress is positively associated with the level of depressive symptoms, especially in adolescents who use more maladaptive ERS.

Conclusion

The repertoire of adaptive ERS might not be sufficient for adolescents to flexibly cope with a highly stressful situation such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown. Study findings highlight the need to support youth, particularly those who use more maladaptive ERS, in adaptively coping with intense stressful life events.
Positive, complicated, distant, and negative: How different teacher‐student relationship profiles relate to students’ science motivation
Authors: Burns Emma C. , Van Bergen Penny , Leonard Annie , Amin Yusriya
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Researchers note a consistent decline in adolescents’ motivation and participation in science. It is important to examine factors vital to students’ motivation in science, such as teacher‐student relationships (TSRs). Limited research in science has examined TSRs from a multidimensional or person‐centered perspective. The present investigation adopts Ang's tripartite relational framework to examine three dimensions of TSRs: socio‐emotional support, instrumental help, and conflict. Such research is needed to better understand the diversity of relationships that exist within a science classroom and their impact on science motivation.

Methods

This study examined N = 2669 Australian high school students (66% girls; Mage = 15.11 years; SD = 0.69). Data were collected via online sampling in the final quarter of 2020. The data are cross‐sectional. Latent profile analysis was used to (1) determine if distinct student profiles based on the three dimensions of TSRs existed and (2) the extent to which these profiles were associated with varying levels of science motivation: self‐efficacy, intrinsic value, utility value, and cost.

Results

Four distinct profiles were identified: Positive, Complicated, Distant, and Negative. Students in the Negative TSR profile reported the lowest adaptive motivation and highest cost. The associations between profile membership and motivation were more varied for the Positive, Complicated, and Distant TSR profiles.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that dichotomous perspectives (positive vs. negative) may be insufficient to describe the diversity of relationships within science classrooms. Results also suggest that concurrent attendance to all dimensions of TSRs is needed to improve relationships.
Workplace heterogeneity and wage inequality in Denmark
Authors: Morin Annaïg
Published: September 2022

Wage inequality is on the rise in most developed economies, and this phenomenon has fostered a growing body of research on its potential drivers. Using German data over the period 1985–2009, Card et al. (The Quarterly Journal of Economics 2013, 128(3), 967‐1015) argue that rising workplace heterogeneity has contributed substantially to the rise in wage inequality. I revisit their findings in two ways. First, because the generalization of their findings remains an open question, I apply their methodological approach to Danish register data and test whether rising workplace heterogeneity explains a significant share of the rise in wage inequality in Denmark. I find that, contrary to Germany, workplace heterogeneity remained practically stable over time, and this pattern contributed slightly negatively to the rise in wage inequality. Second, I complement Card et al.'s (2013) methods with the variance decomposition exercise proposed by Song et al. (2019) to identify more precisely the sources of the rise in wage inequality in Denmark. Although the rise in wage inequality is partly a between‐establishment phenomenon, I show that the strengthening of assortative matching patterns and the rising heterogeneity of workers within establishments are the main drivers of growing inequality.
Retracted: Britannin mediates apoptosis and glycolysis of T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cells by AMPK‐dependent autophagy
Authors: Hong Haoyuan , Luo Bin , Xie Zucheng , Li Meiwei , Xu Qingyuan , He Zhendong , Peng Zhigang
Published: September 2022

The above article, published online on 19 September 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbt.23211), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Hari Bhat, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC.

The article is being retracted at the authors' request because some of the data underlying this article refer to a different cell line from the one reported in it. As a result, the article's conclusions do not accurately reflect the full data and cannot be considered reliable.
Enhancing the bioconversion of ferulic acid from alkaline hydrolysate of corn cobs to vanillin by Amycolatopsis thermoflava under nutrient limitation and reducing sugar control
Authors: Nirwana Wa Ode Cakra , Hung I‐Hsuan , Shu Chin‐Hang
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of commercially available ferulic acid (FA) as a precursor for vanillin production is costly. The utilization of agro‐waste as a starting material provides an alternative to obtain FA at a low cost and establish an economically profitable production system. In this work, optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions for releasing FA from corn cobs using alkaline treatment was conducted. Further, bioconversion of FA from the crude hydrolysate of corn cobs to vanillin using Amycolatopsis thermoflava was performed.

RESULTS

Since autoclaved hydrolysate was unfavorable for cell growth and vanillin formation, pasteurization was proposed. However, the presence of contaminants limited the entire process. Aiming to suppress the growth of contaminants and increase vanillin yield, novel strategies of limiting and controlling the nutrients for the strain were developed. Optimal hydrolysis conditions (NaOH concentration = 0.5 M, solid loading = 10% for 30 min) produced hydrolysate with relatively high titers of FA (715 mg L−1) and p‐coumaric acid (1025 mg L−1). To improve vanillin production from FA, four parameters (including the effects of sterilization method, nutrient limitation, initial biomass concentration, and reducing sugar control) were investigated. By adopting these strategies and performing bioconversion of FA to vanillin with an initial biomass concentration of 1.5 g L−1, the yield of vanillin was significantly increased by 29.5‐fold to 477.4 mg g−1, compared to bioconversion using autoclaved hydrolysate.

CONCLUSION

This approach represents a relatively economical method for vanillin production from agro‐waste because it uses crude hydrolysate, requires minimum nutrients, and involves non‐modified organisms with a relatively short bioconversion time (17 h). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Perspectives on Spanish language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions from the Spanish‐speaking population
Authors: Jimenez Sharisse , Matthews Anne , Darrah Rebecca , Schreiber Allison , Ricker Charité , Wolfe Schneider Kami
Published: September 2022

Genetic counselors (GCs) provide risk assessment, education, and counseling about the genetic contribution to disease. To do so, they must effectively communicate, build rapport, and help patients make the best decisions for themselves and their families. Language barriers add a complex layer to this patient‐provider dynamic. While interpreters serve as a primary solution when a patient and GC speak different languages, issues have been documented with these sessions, such as misinterpreted genetic terminology (Gutierrez et al., 2017). Having a GC with concordant language skills may help address these barriers. The purpose of this study was to assess Spanish‐speaking patients' perspectives on communication, decision‐making, and the interpersonal relationship developed with a bilingual GC in language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions. Spanish‐speaking patients, ages 18 or older, seen by a Spanish‐speaking GC at a California public, safety‐net hospital were eligible to participate in this study. Nine participants were interviewed via telephone by the bilingual researcher using a semi‐structured interview guide to assess three domains: communication, decision‐making, and interpersonal relationship. Analyses of interview transcripts identified themes within these three areas of focus: (1) participants felt all explanations were clear and they were not afraid to ask questions in the session, (2) participants experienced preference‐concordant decision making, and (3) participants felt empowered and supported by the GC. Participants suggested that GCs working with Spanish‐speaking patients in the future should consider group counseling sessions, engaging in outreach efforts to educate the Spanish‐speaking community about genetics, and increasing the number of GCs who speak Spanish. These results demonstrate the positive experiences of Spanish‐speaking patients in language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions and further support the need for recruitment of Spanish‐speaking individuals into the profession. Future research should further assess the experience of Spanish‐speaking patients in language concordant sessions and address the role of cultural concordance in sessions.
Spanning eulerian subdigraphs in semicomplete digraphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Havet Frédéric , Yeo Anders
Published: September 2022

A digraph is eulerian if it is connected and every vertex has its in‐degree equal to its out‐degree. Having a spanning eulerian subdigraph is thus a weakening of having a hamiltonian cycle. In this paper, we first characterize the pairs of a semicomplete digraph and an arc such that has a spanning eulerian subdigraph containing . In particular, we show that if is 2‐arc‐strong, then every arc is contained in a spanning eulerian subdigraph. We then characterize the pairs of a semicomplete digraph and an arc such that has a spanning eulerian subdigraph avoiding . In particular, we prove that every 2‐arc‐strong semicomplete digraph has a spanning eulerian subdigraph avoiding any prescribed arc. We also prove the existence of a (minimum) function such that every ‐arc‐strong semicomplete digraph contains a spanning eulerian subdigraph avoiding any prescribed set of arcs. We conjecture that and establish this conjecture for and when the arcs that we delete form a forest of stars. A digraph is eulerian‐connected if for any two distinct vertices , the digraph has a spanning ‐trail. We prove that every 2‐arc‐strong semicomplete digraph is eulerian‐connected. All our results may be seen as arc analogues of well‐known results on hamiltonian paths and cycles in semicomplete digraphs.
Edge coloring graphs with large minimum degree
Authors: Plantholt Michael J. , Shan Songling
Published: September 2022

Let be a simple graph with maximum degree . A subgraph of is overfull if Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986 conjectured that a graph with has chromatic index if and only if contains no overfull subgraph. The best previous results supporting this conjecture have been obtained for regular graphs. For example, Perković and Reed verified the conjecture for large regular graphs with degree arbitrarily close to . We provide a similar result for general graphs asymptotically, showing that for any given , there exists a positive integer such that the following statement holds: if is a graph on vertices with minimum degree at least , then has chromatic index if and only if contains no overfull subgraph.
De‐escalation or discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: A multicentral, open‐label, prospective trial in China
Authors: Luo Jie , Du Xin , Lou Jin , Wu Jianwei , Ma Liping , Huang Jixian , Wang Liangtuo , Tu Chuanqing , Liu Zelin , Chen Liya , Tan Yaxian , Luo Dongmei , Liang Hanyin , Yin Changxin , Cao Rui , Zhou Xuan , Liu Qifa , Liu Xiaoli , Xu Na
Published: September 2022

Background: Long‐term treatment‐free remission (TFR) represents a new goal for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimizing dose of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the CML treatment maybe a new challenge to maintain effective and improving patients’ quality of life. We hypothesized that administration of low‐dose TKIs does not compromise major molecular response (MMR) in patients with CML who have a deep molecular response (DMR).

Methods: We did an open‐label, randomized trial at eight hospitals in China. Eligible CML‐CP patients (aged 18–70 years) had shown continuous response to TKI more than 5 years and maintained MR4.5 (BCR‐ABLIS ≤ 0.0032%) in recent 18 months. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the TKI de‐escalation group or the discontinuation group. Randomization was done with permuted blocks (block size four) and implemented through an interactive web‐based randomization system. Recurrence was defined as the single sample with real time Quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) measurement greater than 0.1% (MMR). The primary endpoint was 12‐month MMR rate in patients who received de‐escalation or discontinuation of TKIs. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04143087).

Results: Around 125 patients were enrolled between October 23, 2019 and October 31, 2020, 62 patients received dose de‐escalation of TKIs, while 63 patients in the discontinuation group. In the de‐escalation group, molecular recurrence‐free survival at 12 months was 88.32% (95% CI 79%–98%), whereas molecular recurrence‐free survival in the discontinuation group at 12 months was 59.98% (95% CI 47–73). No progressions occurred at the data cut‐off date. All 29 recurrence cases restart TKI treatment returned to MMR. Cytolytic NK cells as a proportion of lymphocyte cells were significantly increased from baseline after 6 months whether in the de‐escalation or TKIs cessation group (P = 0.048, 0.001, respectively); compared with the relapsing patients, Tregs proportion was decreased (P = 0.003), and higher proportion of NK cells were found in non‐relapsing patients whether in TKI de‐escalation or discontinuation group (P = 0.011, 0.007, respectively). We also found that the de‐escalation group showed better disease‐specific HRQOL in regards to its impact on emotional functioning, fatigue, pain, and financial difficulties.

Conclusion: With 88.32% MMR in 12‐months follow‐up after de‐escalation TKIs’ treatment, dose‐halving could become a new treatment paradigm for CML patients who with DMR under continuing maintenance therapy with TKIs.
Early relapse prediction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using lineage‐specific chimerism analysis
Authors: Lindahl Hannes , Valentini Davide , Vonlanthen Sofie , Sundin Mikael , Björklund Andreas T. , Mielke Stephan , Hauzenberger Dan
Published: September 2022

Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukemia. Here, we report a monocentric retrospective study of all HSCTs for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) performed during the years 2005–2021 (n = 138, including 51 children), aiming to identify the optimal use of lineage‐specific recipient‐donor chimerism analysis for prediction of relapse. In adults, relapse was associated with increased recipient chimerism in CD3+ bone marrow cells sampled at least 30 days before a relapse. Relapse could be predicted with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 83%. Results were similar for children but with a higher recipient chimerism cutoff. Additionally, adults that had at least one chimerism value <0.12% in CD3+ peripheral blood cells within the first 60 days after HSCT had 89% probability of being relapse‐free after 2‐years compared to 64%. Results were similar for children but again necessitating a higher chimerism cutoff. These results suggest that high‐sensitive lineage‐specific chimerism analysis can be used for (1) early ALL relapse prediction by longitudinal chimerism monitoring in CD3+ bone marrow cells and (2) relapse risk stratification by analyzing CD3+ blood cells early post‐HSCT.
Cortical thickness and its relationship to cognitive performance and metabolic control in adults with phenylketonuria
Authors: Muri Raphaela , Maissen‐Abgottspon Stephanie , Rummel Christian , Rebsamen Michael , Wiest Roland , Hochuli Michel , Jansma Bernadette M. , Trepp Roman , Everts Regula
Published: September 2022

Despite good control of phenylalanine (Phe) levels during childhood and adolescence, adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) often show abnormalities in the white matter of the brain, which have been associated with poorer cognitive performance. However, whether such a relationship exists with cortical gray matter is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated cortical thickness and surface area in adults with early‐treated PKU and their relationship to cognitive functions and metabolic control. We included 30 adult patients with early‐treated and metabolically well‐controlled PKU (median age: 35.5 years) and 54 healthy controls (median age: 29.3 years). Surface‐based morphometry was derived from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images using FreeSurfer, and general intelligence, executive functions, and attention were assessed. Concurrent plasma Phe, tyrosine, and tryptophan levels were measured in patients. In addition, Phe levels were collected retrospectively to calculate the index of dietary control. Patients showed a thinner cortex than controls in regions of the bilateral temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes (effect size r = −0.34 to −0.42, p < 0.05). No group differences in surface area were found. In patients, accuracy in the working memory task was positively correlated with thickness in the left insula (r = 0.45, p = 0.013), left fusiform gyrus (r = 0.39, p = 0.032), and right superior temporal gyrus (r = 0.41, p = 0.024), but did not survive false discovery rate correction. Neither concurrent nor historical metabolic parameters were related to cortical thickness. Taken together, adults with PKU showed widespread reductions in cortical thickness despite good metabolic control in childhood and adolescence. However, alterations in cortical thickness were unrelated to metabolic parameters and cognitive performance.