bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region: A nation‐based study
Authors: Rasmussen Peter K. , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Prause Jan U. , Sjö Lene D. , Specht Lena , Rossing Henrik H. , Siersma Volkert D. , Heegaard Steffen
Published: August 2014

Purpose

To characterize the clinicopathological features of follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region.

Methods

Retrospective nation‐based study of Danish patients with ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma from January 1st 1980 through December 31st 2009.

Results

Twenty‐four patients with ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma were identified. Fourteen (58%) of the patients were females. The median age was 63 years (range: 42–96 years). Eleven (46%) of the patients had primary ocular adnexal lymphoma, seven (29%) had an ocular adnexal lesion in conjunction with a concurrent systemic lymphoma and six patients (25%) presented with an ocular adnexal relapse. The most frequently affected sites were the lacrimal gland (38%) and the orbit (33%). Thirteen patients (54%) presented with Ann Arbor stage IE lymphoma, four (17%) had stage IIE, two patients (8%) stage IIIE, and five patients (21%) had stage IV lymphoma. Radiotherapy was primarily used in patients with primary lymphoma and those with a stage IE/IIE relapse (82%), while stage IIIE/IV lymphomas most frequently received alkylating chemotherapy (67%). Complete remission was observed in 19 of the patients (79%), but of these 11(58%) had a relapse. The 10‐year overall survival for the entire cohort was 59%. The translocation t(14;18) was detected in 16 patients (16/24, 76%). Recurrence was only observed in patients with the t(14;18) (p = 0.05, log‐rank).

Conclusions

Ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma is more commonly found in elderly female patients. The lacrimal gland is relatively frequently involved. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for localized ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma providing a favourable prognosis for majority of patients.
The use of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation for moderate to advanced glaucoma
Authors: Kaplowitz Kevin , Kuei Andrew , Klenofsky Britany , Abazari Azin , Honkanen Robert
Published: August 2014

Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) is a glaucoma surgery designed to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) by partially ablating the ciliary processes to decrease aqueous humour production and secretion. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding the background, indications and results of the surgery. Although there are case reports of visually devastating complications, including persistent hypotony and phthisis, the use of ECP is often reported in eyes with advanced diseases. When compared with both trabeculectomy and aqueous shunt implantation, the visual outcomes were better with ECP while the IOP outcomes were very similar. The evidence supports ECP as a very effective surgical option in recalcitrant glaucoma while some evidence supports its safety for use as a primary procedure.
Online assessment of learning and engagement in university laboratory practicals
Authors: Whitworth David E. , Wright Kate
Published: August 2014

In science education, laboratory practicals are frequently assessed through submission of a report. A large increase in student numbers necessitated us adapting a traditional practical report into an online test with automated marking. The assessment was designed to retain positive features of the traditional laboratory report but with added pedagogic and administrative benefits made possible through the online medium.

After performing their experiments, students were given idealised data, enabling immediate comparison with their own results, and asked to perform a series of calculations based on that ideal data. The two‐part test asked questions about the students' calculations. Part I was formative, ensuring that the students had mastered basic concepts before advanced concepts were tested in Part II. The test rewarded correct methodology and understanding as well as the right answers and gave absolute consistency to the marking scheme. Students could submit at their convenience and received instant feedback. The assessment was met with emphatically positive feedback from students.

In addition, it was possible to track submissions by students, providing insights into their behaviour. Students appeared to group into three submission styles—early submitters, considered submitters and last minute submitters—information which can be useful to guide pedagogic practice. In the latest iteration, analysis of submission behaviour gave us confidence to reduce the time before the submission deadline, which resulted in a substantial increase in student attainment.
Multiple Environmental Controls on Cockroach Assemblage Structure in a Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: Tarli Vitor D. , Pequeno Pedro A. C. L. , Franklin Elizabeth , de Morais José W. , Souza Jorge L. P. , Oliveira Adriano H. C. , Guilherme Diego R.
Published: August 2014

Arthropod abundance and diversity are remarkable in tropical forests, but are also spatially patchy. This has been attributed either to resources, predators, abiotic conditions or disturbances, but whether such factors may simultaneously shape arthropod assemblage structure is little known. We used cockroaches to test for multiple environmental controls on assemblage structure in 25 km2 of Amazonian forest. We performed nocturnal, direct searches for cockroaches in 30 plots (250 m × 2 m) during two seasons, and gathered data on biotic and abiotic factors from previous studies. Cockroach abundance increased with dry litter mass, a measure of resource amount, while species richness increased with litter phosphorus content, a measure of resource availability. Cockroach abundance and species richness decreased with ant relative abundance. Cockroach species composition changed along the gradient of: (1) soil clay content, which correlates with a broad differentiation between flood‐prone and non‐flooded forest; (2) soil relative moisture, consistent with known interspecific variation in desiccation tolerance; and (3) according to the abundance of ants, a potential predator. Turnover in species composition was correlated with abiotic conditions—sorting species according to physiological requirements and to disturbance‐related life history traits—and to ants' selective pressure. Cockroach abundance, diversity, and composition seem to be controlled by distinct sets of environmental factors, but predators which were represented by ants, emerged as a common factor underlying cockroach distribution. Such patterns of community structure may have been previously overlooked by undue focus on single or a few factors, and may be common to tropical forest arthropods.
Genetic Divergence During Long‐term Isolation in Highly Diverse Populations of Tropical Trees Across the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania
Authors: Jump Alistair S. , Carr Martin , Ahrends Antje , Marchant Rob
Published: August 2014

The Eastern Arc Mountains are believed to support some of the oldest tropical forest in the world. The current distribution of this forest is highly fragmented due to a combination of long‐term effects of past changes in global climate and more recent deforestation. We sought to explore the hypothesized antiquity and long‐term isolation of the Eastern Arc montane forests based on an assessment of the geographical distribution and interspecies similarity of chloroplast DNA sequence variation in five forest trees. Data were used to investigate regional patterns of diversity and population structure based on intraspecific phylogenies, and results were interpreted against hypotheses on ecosystem age and connectivity. Regional diversity was high, with up to 22 chloroplast DNA haplotypes being recorded within a species across the sampled populations. Geographical concordance of genetic and geographic structure was weak to absent in all species and there was little similarity of genetic structure between species. Haplotype sharing between mountain blocks was extremely limited. The generally weak phylogeographical structure, in conjunction with high regional diversity and genetic uniqueness of individual mountain forests does not support the assumption of widespread genetic connectivity of the mountain forests, indicating instead a pattern of past isolation and ongoing diversification. Our findings substantially add to understanding patterns of diversity in this region and lend weight to calls to use more sophisticated biodiversity assessments when setting regional conservation and research funding priorities.
Cytological follow‐up after hysterectomy: is vaginal vault cytology sampling a clinical governance problem? The University Hospital of North Staffordshire approach
Authors: Parry‐Smith W. , Thorpe D. , Ogboro‐Okor L. , Underwood M. , Ismaili E. , Kodampur M. , Todd R. , Douce G. , Redman C. W. E.
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Vaginal vault cytology sampling following hysterectomy is recommended for specific indications in national guidelines. However, clinical governance issues surround compliance with guidance. Our first study objective was to quantify how many patients undergoing hysterectomy at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire (UHNS) had vault cytology advice in their histology report and, if indicated, whether it was arranged. The second was to devise a vault cytology protocol based on local experience and national guidance.

Methods

The local cancer registry was searched. Clinical, clerical and histological data for all patients undergoing hysterectomy were collected.

Results

In total, 271 patients were identified from both the gynae‐oncology and benign gynaecology teams. Of these, 24% (65/271) were gynae‐oncology patients with a mean age of 69 years. The benign gynaecology team had 76% (206/271) of patients with a mean age of 55 years. Subsequently, 94% (256/271) had cytology follow‐up advice in their histopathology report. Ultimately, from both cohorts, 39% (18/46) had follow‐up cytology performed when indicated.

Conclusion

A high proportion of cases complied with national guidance. However, a disappointingly high number did not have vault cytology sampling when this was indicated. This is probably a result of the complex guidance that is misunderstood in both primary and secondary care. Vault follow‐up of patients after hysterectomy rests with the team performing the surgery. Vault cytology, if indicated, should be performed in secondary care and follow‐up should be planned. The protocol set out in this article should be followed to avoid unnecessary clinical governance failings.
Daily peer review of abnormal cervical smears in the assessment of individual practice as an additional method of internal quality control
Authors: Confortini M. , Di Stefano C. , Biggeri A. , Bulgaresi P. , Di Claudio G. , Grisotto L. , Maddau C. , Matucci M. , Petreschi C. , Troni G. M. , Turco P. , Foxi P.
Published: August 2014

Objective

An important internal quality control system used in the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute cytopathology laboratory in Florence is the peer review procedure, based on the review of all abnormal cytological smears which routinely emerge. Peer review is an important training opportunity for all cytologists, especially for those with less experience. This article shows the results of the peer review procedure.

Methods

Of the 63 754 Papanicolaou (Pap) smears screened in 2011, 1086 were considered to be abnormal [at least atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US+)] on primary screening (selected by a single cytologist) and were subjected to the peer review procedure. The overall performance of the laboratory's cytologists was evaluated using a multiple rater analysis and the comparison of each cytologist with the final diagnosis. Further, the agreement was assessed by means of Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa statistics.

Results

In general, a moderate/substantial level of agreement between the ten cytologists and the final diagnoses was evident. Kappa values for each reader compared with the final diagnosis ranged from 0.54 to 0.69. The overall kappa value was 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.66] and overall weighted kappa value was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74–0.79). The category‐specific agreement showed the lowest values for atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H).

Conclusion

In summary, peer review represents an important internal quality control in the evaluation and improvement of inter‐observer agreement and of the functioning of the laboratory as a whole. Multi‐head microscope sessions may improve particularly the reproducibility of borderline diagnoses and, above all, can be an important training contribution for cytologists.
The Importance of Family Firm Trusts in Family Firm Governance
Authors: Scholes Louise , Wilson Nick
Published: August 2014

We explore the governance role of trusts in family firms and develop a typology that maps different configurations of boards and trustees with the longevity and efficiency of family firms. Suggestions are given for the proposed effects of these configurations, and comparisons are made with Carney, Gedajlovic, and Strike's “dead money” discussion. Recognition is given to the fact that the dynamics of family firms is inextricably linked to the life cycle of families, and that governance mechanisms need to react to changes and developments during the life cycle if the family firm is to be conserved.
Artificial light as a disturbance to light‐naïve streams
Authors: Perkin Elizabeth K. , Hölker Franz , Tockner Klement , Richardson John S.
Published: August 2014

Artificial light at night is prevalent in human‐dominated landscapes, and streams in these landscapes can be expected to be affected by artificial lights. We hypothesised that artificial light at night would reduce the activity of aquatic insects, resulting in reduced drift rates, lower fish growth rates and lower leaf litter decomposition rates.

We tested these hypotheses by installing street lights to reaches in four forested, natural streams of coastal British Columbia each paired with a control reach. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are the top predators in these streams and feed mostly on terrestrial and drifting aquatic invertebrates.

We found that the night‐time drift of aquatic invertebrates in lit reaches was ˜50% of the drift in dark reaches. However, the density of emerging aquatic insects, the density of insects falling into reaches, leaf litter decomposition rate and the number and growth rate of trout caught were not significantly different between the dark and experimentally lit reaches.

We conclude that, while short‐term exposure to artificial light during the summer changes invertebrate behaviour, it does not significantly alter other trophic levels in forested headwater streams. Our results suggest that low levels of artificial light do not strongly influence stream ecosystems, but future research should determine whether this is true for all seasons and longer‐term exposure to light.
Isolated hepatic tuberculosis mimicking liver tumors in a dialysis patient
Authors: Hung Yao‐Min , Huang Neng‐Chyan , Wang Jyh‐Seng , Wann Shue‐Ren
Published: August 2014

Cases of isolated hepatic tuberculosis (TB) are rare. The diagnosis is often delayed or missed because of nonspecific symptoms and laboratory findings. Besides, the disease is extremely rare even in a country where TB is an alarming public health problem. This report demonstrates the difficulty in correctly diagnosing local hepatic TB. We report the case of a 62‐year‐old male patient with end‐stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis, who developed 2 months of abdominal distension and general anorexia, with hyperechoic hepatic lesions on ultrasound. Computed tomography suspected multiple liver tumors. The liver biopsy finally led to the diagnosis of TB of the liver without other involvements. We conclude that isolated hepatic TB is one of the rare forms of extrapulmonary TB in dialysis patients. A greater awareness of this rare clinical entity may prevent needless surgical interventions.
Pneumocyte injury and ubiquitin‐positive pneumocytes in interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Yamada Tsutomu , Kawabata Yoshinori
Published: August 2014

Pneumocyte injury is a characteristic of pulmonary interstitial pneumonias (IPs). Histological markers of pneumocyte injury and inflammation include pneumocyte necrosis, erosion, hyaline membrane and fibrin exudation with subsequent intraluminal granulation tissue formation. We found that intracytoplasmic inclusions in pneumocytes are ubiquitin‐positive (Ub+) and that the number of Ub+ pneumocytes shows positive correlation with the extent of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). To determine the role of Ub+ pneumocytes and inclusions in IPs, we studied their relationship with pathological and clinical features of DAD, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and organizing pneumonia (OP), including airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF). We analysed Ub+ pneumocytes, inclusions, erosions and intraluminal granulation tissue in relation to pneumocyte injury. The numbers of immunohistochemically identified Ub+ inclusions in each IP were higher than the number of inclusions detected by light microscopy. The inclusions detected by Ub+ immunostaining were identical to the inclusions observed by light microscopy. UIP and DAD had many Ub+ inclusions, while OP and AEF had fewer Ub+ inclusions. These results suggest that the extent of Ub+ inclusions reflects the severity of pneumocyte injury among IPs. Thus, Ub+ inclusions are a histological marker of pneumocyte injury that may be helpful in determining the severity and prognosis of IPs.
Low‐Pressure‐Assisted Constrained Sintering of Low‐Temperature‐Fire NiCuZn Ferrites
Authors: Hsiang Hsing‐I , Chueh Jui‐Fu
Published: August 2014

The constraining layer, Bi2O3 addition, and uniaxial pressure effects on the microstructure and magnetic properties of low‐temperature‐fire NiCuZn ferrites during constrained sintering are investigated. It was observed that a ZrO2 green sheet can act simultaneously as a nonmagnetic layer and constraining layer for NiCuZn ferrites during constrained sintering. The required uniaxial pressure necessary to densify NiCuZn ferrites can be decreased significantly, and the grain growth can be promoted by adding Bi2O3 to relieve the sintered internal stress via viscous flow during constrained sintering. This approach is beneficial to the magnetic properties and mass production of large area NiCuZn ferrite substrates.
The role of chromatin dynamics in immune cell development
Authors: Winter Deborah R. , Amit Ido
Published: August 2014

In immune cells, as in all mammalian cells, nuclear DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes. The positioning and modifications of nucleosomes throughout the genome defines the chromatin state of the cell and has a large impact on gene regulation. Chromatin state is dynamic throughout immune cell development and activation. High‐throughput open chromatin assays, such as DNase‐seq, can be used to find regulatory element across the genome and, when combined with histone modifications, can specify their function. During hematopoiesis, distal regulatory elements, known as enhancers, are established by pioneer factors that alter chromatin state. Some of these enhancers are lost, some are gained, and some are maintained as a memory of the cell's developmental origin. The enhancer landscape is unique to the cell lineage—with different enhancers regulating the same promoter—and determines the mechanism of cell type‐specific activation after exposure to stimuli. Histone modification and promoter architecture govern the diverse responses to stimulation. Furthermore, chromatin dynamics may explain the high plasticity of certain tissue‐resident immune cell types. Future epigenomic research will depend on the development of more efficient experiments and better methods to associate enhancers with genes. The ultimate goal of mapping genome‐wide chromatin state throughout the hematopoietic tree will help illuminate the mechanisms behind immune cell development and function.
Scratch wound closure of myoblasts and myotubes is reduced by inflammatory mediators
Authors: Ko Miau‐Hwa , Li Chia‐Yang , Lee Chun‐Feng , Chang Chen‐Kang , Fang Shih‐Hua
Published: August 2014

Complex interactions exist between muscle repair processes and acute inflammatory responses that are initiated by exercise‐induced muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to examine whether inflammatory mediators secreted by activated macrophages affect the migration of myogenic cells to the injury site. Migration was measured using a scratch wound closure assay in C2C12‐derived myogenic cells incubated in activated macrophage‐conditioned medium. Both myoblast and myotube migrations were significantly reduced in activated macrophage‐conditioned medium compared with control medium. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect on myoblast and myotube migrations was mediated, at least in part, by the two major cytokines secreted by activated macrophages, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6. These findings suggest that the migration rate of myogenic cells may be reduced by inflammatory mediators. It may provide useful insights for future researches on the role of macrophages in the process of muscle repair and regeneration.
Pain and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa correspond to morphological changes identified by high‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Zarchi K. , Yazdanyar N. , Yazdanyar S. , Wortsman X. , Jemec G.B.E.
Published: August 2014

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with a chronic intermittent course. The current classification systems used to categorize disease severity provide limited insight into the degree of inflammation and pain, which are key symptoms of the disease.

Objective

We sought to investigate the correlation and validity of simple patient‐ and investigator‐assessed items related to inflammation with morphological changes identified by high‐frequency ultrasound in HS.

Methods

Twenty patients with the clinical diagnosis of HS were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent clinical examinations during which one representative inflammatory nodule was selected in each patient based on the anamnestic information, patient experience and clinical presentation. Tenderness and flare activity of the representative nodule were graded by the patients and erythema by the investigator. Subsequently, all patients underwent high‐resolution ultrasound scanning of their representative nodule.

Results

We found significant associations between the size of the representative nodule (the diameter in the transverse plane) and patient assessments of flare activity and tenderness. Moreover, we found a marked association between the size of the nodules and investigator assessment of erythema.

Conclusion

Patient assessments of flare activity and pain, and investigator assessment of erythema are strongly associated with morphological changes identified using ultrasound, suggesting that these patient‐ and investigator‐assessed items might be strong indicators of the degree of present inflammation in HS.
Rare benign tumours of the nipple
Authors: Spyropoulou G.A. , Pavlidis L. , Trakatelli M. , Athanasiou E. , Pazarli E. , Sotiriadis D. , Demiri E.
Published: August 2014

Background

Benign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant tumours of the nipple, and the bibliography on benign nipple tumours in general is limited.

Aims

To present some rare cases of benign nipple tumours and review the literature.

Materials and methods

Four cases of rare benign nipple tumours: neurofibromas, wart, leiomyoma and milium are presented. The literature search on benign nipple tumours was performed using MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases with limits: English language, human species and available abstract. The keyword used was ‘benign nipple tumours’.

Results

The initial search retrieved 337 articles. The papers were reviewed and the articles that referred to benign lesions that appeared at the nipple specifically were identified. Different entities that were described included: neurofibroma, leiomyoma, milium, florid papillomatosis, syringomatous adenoma, nevoid hyperkeratosis, fibroma, pseudolymphoma and haemangioma.

Discussion

Differential diagnosis of benign tumours of the nipple can be demanding for the physicians. Many of the symptoms and signs like pruritus, serosanguinous discharge, lichenification, erosion and nodular enlargement are produced by either malignant or benign nipple lesions. Radiology can be unclear in the diagnosis of nipple abnormalities.

Conclusion

Histological examination of the lesion can be the only definite answer in these cases.
Effect of Carriers on Descriptive Sensory Characteristics: A Case Study with Soy Sauce
Authors: Cherdchu Panat , Chambers Edgar
Published: August 2014

Carriers sometimes are used for sensory testing when a product has a strong characteristic such as the saltiness in soy sauce, the heat/burn in hot sauce or the oily/greasy character of butter or mayonnaise. However, using a carrier in sensory testing may increase the complexity of perceived characteristics or change sensory attributes. In this study, 20 soy sauce samples were evaluated plain (control) and with three possible carriers: cooked rice, chicken broth and grilled chicken, using descriptive analysis by highly trained sensory assessors. As expected, the addition of a carrier in soy sauce decreased the perceived intensity of many sensory characteristics. Although testing in different food matrices did impact some aspects, overall the use of a carrier did not strongly affect the classification patterns of soy sauce samples. Interestingly, the blandest food, white rice, and the most complex product, grilled chicken, appeared to have some of the greatest impact on sensory properties, while chicken broth, a moderately flavored product, had the most similar results compared with the plain soy sauce control.

Practical Applications

Some products such as condiments or seasoning ingredients that have strong characteristics may need to be evaluated with a carrier for sensory, and especially, consumer tests. An understanding of the effect of the carrier on perceived sensory characteristics would aid sensory scientists in selecting a proper carrier to be used in a study. It cannot be assumed that the blandest nor most complex carrier will provide the best option.
Comparison of floral properties and breeding system in dimorphicBuddleja delavayi(Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: CHEN Gao , GONG Wei‐Chang , GE Jia , NIU Yang , ZHANG Xin , DUNN Bruce L. , SUN Wei‐Bang
Published: August 2014

In this study, floral color, scent composition and emission rate, nectar property, pollinators, and breeding system of dimorphicBuddleja delavayiGagnep. were investigated. Flower color ofB. delavayiwas determined using a standard color chart and spectrophotometer, and two distinct color polymorphisms were observed having purple or white flowers. Floral scents ofB. delavayiwere collected using dynamic headspace adsorption and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 28 compounds were identified from the flowers ofB. delavayi. The identified scents were divided into three chemical classes based on their biosynthetic origin: terpenes, fatty acid derivatives, and benzenoids. The scent profiles in all individuals were dominated by a few components, such as lilac aldehyde and alcohol, 4‐oxoisophorone, benaldehyde, and oxoisophorone oxide. Floral scent composition (benzenoids and terpenes) showed a significant difference between white and purple flower morphs. Flower color–flower scent associations inB. delavayiwere identified with two distinct scent profiles in the two color phenotypes. The studies of other floral characteristics (nectar, floral visitors, breeding system, and fruit set) indicated that floral scent emission rate, nectar volume, visitor visitation frequency, and natural fruit set were not significantly different between the two flower color morphs. Bagging experiments revealed that seed production ofB. delavayiis dependent mainly on honeybeeApis cerana. Lastly, this study implies that dimorphic floral color inB. delavayimay have been maintained by floral visitors and nectar guide color.
The Role of Teacher Training in Cognitive Strategy Instruction to Improve Math Problem Solving
Authors: Krawec Jennifer , Montague Marjorie
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this article is to offer teacher training and professional development recommendations in mathematics based on the findings of a federally funded 3‐year intervention study that improved the problem solving of middle school students with a focus on students with learning disabilities. Over the 3‐year project, 29 seventh and eighth grade teachers implemented a problem‐solving intervention based on cognitive strategy instruction. Though the intervention was successful in improving students’ problem‐solving performance, several issues related to teaching effectiveness and teacher training came to light. The article will: (1) describe the intervention and its implementation, (2) present the findings of the study, and (3) discuss the issues of effectiveness and possible solutions via teacher education and professional development.
Using Prompt Fading to Teach Self‐Questioning to Fifth Graders with LD: Effects on Reading Comprehension
Authors: Rouse Christina A. , Alber‐Morgan Sheila R. , Cullen Jennifer M. , Sawyer Mary
Published: August 2014

Students with LD who struggle with reading comprehension can benefit from instruction on how to read strategically. One strategy that has been demonstrated to increase reading comprehension is self‐questioning. In this study, two fifth graders with LD were taught to self‐generate questions using a prompt fading procedure. The participants were provided with expository reading passages with embedded questions. As each participant demonstrated proficiency with answering the embedded questions correctly, the embedded questions were systematically faded and replaced with a prompt for the students to generate their own questions. A multiple baseline across participants design demonstrated that the self‐questioning intervention resulted in improvements in reading comprehension for both students. Additionally, the students demonstrated evidence of maintenance and generalization of reading comprehension outcomes.
Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate due to Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation
Authors: WOLLIN Daniel A. , BRUCKER Benjamin M.
Published: August 2014

Case

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the prostate is a rare condition that can cause lower urinary tract symptoms and may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma. It is often seen on prostate biopsy, but can usually be treated conservatively with temporary catheterization, alpha blockade, and allowing time for improvement. We present a case of a 78‐year‐old man found to have a 318 g prostate secondary to xanthogranulomatous inflammation.

Outcome

After a negative MRI‐guided biopsy to rule out malignancy, the patient was treated successfully with open suprapubic prostatectomy with significant improvement in voiding symptoms.

Conclusion

This case highlights the ability of this clinical and pathologic entity to cause significant prostatic enlargement, how it is diagnosed, and the possible role of surgical therapy in its treatment.
Cosmic ray exposure and pre‐atmospheric size of the Gebel Kamil iron meteorite
Authors: Ott U. , Merchel S. , Herrmann S. , Pavetich S. , Rugel G. , Faestermann T. , Fimiani L. , Gomez‐Guzman J. M. , Hain K. , Korschinek G. , Ludwig P. , D'Orazio M. , Folco L.
Published: August 2014

Cosmogenic He, Ne, and Ar as well as the radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, and 60Fe have been determined on samples from the Gebel Kamil ungrouped Ni‐rich iron meteorite by noble gas mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), respectively. The meteorite is associated with the Kamil crater in southern Egypt, which is about 45 m in diameter. Samples originate from an individual large fragment (“Individual”) as well as from shrapnel. Concentrations of all cosmogenic nuclides—stable and radioactive—are lower by a factor 3–4 in the shrapnel samples than in the Individual. Assuming negligible 36Cl decay during terrestrial residence (indicated by the young crater age <5000 years; Folco et al. ), data are consistent with a simple exposure history and a 36Cl‐36Ar cosmic ray exposure age (CRE) of approximately (366 ± 18) Ma (systematic errors not included). Both noble gases and radionuclides point to a pre‐atmospheric radius >85 cm, i.e., a pre‐atmospheric mass >20 tons, with a preferred radius of 115–120 cm (50–60 tons). The analyzed samples came from a depth of approximately 20 cm (Individual) and approximately 50–80 cm (shrapnel). The size of the Gebel Kamil meteoroid determined in this work is close to estimates based on impact cratering models combined with expectations for ablation during passage through the atmosphere (Folco et al. , ).
Oxygen isotope and chemical compositions of magnetite and olivine in the anomalous CK3 Watson 002 and ungrouped Asuka‐881595 carbonaceous chondrites: Effects of parent body metamorphism
Authors: Davidson Jemma , Krot Alexander N. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Hellebrand Eric , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: August 2014

We report in situ O isotope and chemical compositions of magnetite and olivine in chondrules of the carbonaceous chondrites Watson‐002 (anomalous CK3) and Asuka (A)‐881595 (ungrouped C3). Magnetite in Watson‐002 occurs as inclusion‐free subhedral grains and rounded inclusion‐bearing porous grains replacing Fe,Ni‐metal. In A‐881595, magnetite is almost entirely inclusion‐free and coexists with Ni‐rich sulfide and less abundant Ni‐poor metal. Oxygen isotope compositions of chondrule olivine in both meteorites plot along carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) line with a slope of approximately 1 and show a range of Δ17O values (from approximately −3 to −6‰). One chondrule from each sample was found to contain O isotopically heterogeneous olivine, probably relict grains. Oxygen isotope compositions of magnetite in A‐881595 plot along a mass‐dependent fractionation line with a slope of 0.5 and show a range of Δ17O values from −2.4‰ to −1.1‰. Oxygen isotope compositions of magnetite in Watson‐002 cluster near the CCAM line and a Δ17O value of −4.0‰ to −2.9‰. These observations indicate that magnetite and chondrule olivine are in O isotope disequilibrium, and, therefore, not cogenetic. We infer that magnetite in CK chondrites formed by the oxidation of pre‐existing metal grains by an aqueous fluid during parent body alteration, in agreement with previous studies. The differences in Δ17O values of magnetite between Watson‐002 and A‐881595 can be attributed to their different thermal histories: the former experienced a higher degree of thermal metamorphism that led to the O isotope exchange between magnetite and adjacent silicates.
The Ardón L6 ordinary chondrite: A long‐hidden Spanish meteorite fall
Authors: Trigo‐Rodríguez Josep M. , Llorca Jordi , Weyrauch Mona , Bischoff Addi , Moyano‐Cambero Carles E. , Keil Klaus , Laubenstein Matthias , Pack Andreas , Madiedo José María , Alonso‐Azcárate Jacinto , Riebe My , Wieler Rainer , Ott Uli , Tapia Mar , Mestres Narcís
Published: August 2014

We report and describe an L6 ordinary chondrite fall that occurred in Ardón, León province, Spain (longitude 5.5605°W, latitude 42.4364°N) on July 9th, 1931. The 5.5 g single stone was kept hidden for 83 yr by Rosa González Pérez, at the time an 11 yr old who had observed the fall and had recovered the meteorite. According to various newspaper reports, the event was widely observed in Northern Spain. Ardón is a very well‐preserved, fresh, strongly metamorphosed (petrologic type 6), and weakly shocked (S3) ordinary chondrite with well‐equilibrated and recrystallized minerals. The mineral compositions (olivine Fa23.7±0.3, low‐Ca pyroxene Fs20.4±0.2Wo1.5±0.2, plagioclase An10.3±0.5Ab84.3±1.2), magnetic susceptibility (log χ = 4.95 ± 0.05 × 10−9 m3 kg−1), bulk density (3.49 ± 0.05 g cm−3), grain density (3.58 ± 0.05 g cm−3), and porosity (2.5 vol%) are typical for L6 chondrites. Short‐lived radionuclides confirm that the meteorite constitutes a recent fall. The21Ne and38Ar cosmic ray exposure ages are both about 20–30 Ma, similar to values for many other L chondrites. The cosmogenic22Ne/21Ne ratio indicates that preatmospheric Ardón was a relatively large body. The fact that the meteorite was hidden in private hands for 83 yr makes one wonder if other meteorite falls may have experienced the same fate, thus possibly explaining the anomalously low number of falls reported in continental Spain in the 20th century.
Antibody–drug conjugates: an emerging modality for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Leal Mauricio , Sapra Puja , Hurvitz Sara A. , Senter Peter , Wahl Alan , Schutten Melissa , Shah Dhaval K. , Haddish‐Berhane Nahor , Kabbarah Omar
Published: August 2014

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) offer promise as a therapeutic modality that can potentially reduce the toxicities and poor therapeutic indices caused by the lack of specificity of conventional anticancer therapies. ADCs combine the potency of cytotoxic agents with the target selectivity of antibodies by chemically linking a cytotoxic payload to an antibody, potentially creating a synthetic molecule that will deliver targeted antitumor therapy that is both safe and efficacious. The ADC repertoire contains a range of payload molecules, antibodies, and linkers. Two ADC molecules, Kadcyla® and Adcetris®, have been approved by the FDA, and many more are currently in clinical development.
Implant‐assisted complete prostheses
Authors: Emami Elham , Michaud Pierre‐Luc , Sallaleh Imad , Feine Jocelyne S.
Published: August 2014

The current review was undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the knowledge base of implant‐assisted complete dental prostheses (fixed and removable) in the treatment of the completely edentulous maxilla or mandible. Indications, advantages and disadvantages, complications and maintenance issues, as well as the cost‐effectiveness of both treatments, are discussed to help clinicians in their therapeutic decision‐making. In summary, when indicated and depending on the patients’ needs, both removable and fixed implant‐assisted prostheses are highly safe, reliable and satisfactory treatment modalities for the rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Careful and precise treatment planning is highly recommended to assist the clinician in preventing potential prosthetic failures. The review also reveals that there is still a need for data, generated using robust research methods, on some patient‐based and clinical outcomes.
Critical soft‐tissue dimensions with dental implants and treatment concepts
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Mühlemann Sven , Jung Ronald E.
Published: August 2014

Dental implants have proven to be a successful treatment option in fully and partially edentulous patients, rendering long‐term functional and esthetic outcomes. Various factors are crucial for predictable long‐term peri‐implant tissue stability, including the biologic width; the papilla height and the mucosal soft‐tissue level; the amounts of soft‐tissue volume and keratinized tissue; and the biotype of the mucosa. The biotype of the mucosa is congenitally set, whereas many other parameters can, to some extent, be influenced by the treatment itself. Clinically, the choice of the dental implant and the position in a vertical and horizontal direction can substantially influence the establishment of the biologic width and subsequently the location of the buccal mucosa and the papilla height. Current treatment concepts predominantly focus on providing optimized peri‐implant soft‐tissue conditions before the start of the prosthetic phase and insertion of the final reconstruction. These include refined surgical techniques and the use of materials from autogenous and xenogenic origins to augment soft‐tissue volume and keratinized tissue around dental implants, thereby mimicking the appearance of natural teeth.
Management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Figuero Elena , Graziani Filippo , Sanz Ignacio , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano
Published: August 2014

Peri‐implant diseases are defined as inflammatory lesions of the surrounding peri‐implant tissues and include peri‐implant mucositis (an inflammatory lesion limited to the surrounding mucosa of an implant) and peri‐implantitis (an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa that affects the supporting bone with resulting loss of osseointegration). This review aims to describe the different approaches to manage both entities and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence available on their efficacy. Therapy of peri‐implant mucositis and nonsurgical therapy of peri‐implantitis usually involve mechanical debridement of the implant surface using curettes, ultrasonic devices, air‐abrasive devices or lasers, with or without the adjunctive use of local antibiotics or antiseptics. The efficacy of these therapies has been demonstrated for mucositis: controlled clinical trials show an improvement in clinical parameters, especially in bleeding on probing. For peri‐implantitis, the results are limited, especially in terms of probing pocket‐depth reduction. Surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis is indicated when nonsurgical therapy fails to control the inflammatory changes. Selection of the surgical technique should be based on the characteristics of the peri‐implant lesion. In the presence of deep circumferential and intrabony defects, surgical interventions should aim to provide thorough debridement, implant‐surface decontamination and defect reconstruction. In the presence of defects without clear bony walls or with a predominant suprabony component, the aim of the surgical intervention should be the thorough debridement and the repositioning of the marginal mucosa to enable the patient to perform effective oral‐hygiene practices, although this aim may compromise the esthetic result of the implant‐supported restoration.
The Identifiability of Dependent Competing Risks Models Induced by Bivariate Frailty Models
Authors: Wang Antai , Chandra Krishnendu , Xu Ruihua , Sun Junfeng
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we propose to use a special class of bivariate frailty models to study dependent censored data. The proposed models are closely linked to Archimedean copula models. We give sufficient conditions for the identifiability of this type of competing risks models. The proposed conditions are derived based on a property shared by Archimedean copula models and satisfied by several well‐known bivariate frailty models. Compared with the models studied by Heckman and Honoré and Abbring and van den Berg, our models are more restrictive but can be identified with a discrete (even finite) covariate. Under our identifiability conditions, expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm provides us with consistent estimates of the unknown parameters. Simulation studies have shown that our estimation procedure works quite well. We fit a dependent censored leukaemia data set using the Clayton copula model and end our paper with some discussions. © 2014 Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of Statistics
Triple opportunistic pulmonary cavitary disease after cord blood transplantation
Authors: Kaneko T. , Milner D.A. , Marty F.M. , Colson Y.L.
Published: August 2014

Opportunistic infectious diseases in patients are variable and depend on the host as well as the type of immunosuppression. Cord blood transplant recipients appear to be particularly vulnerable to infectious complications. Sequential or concurrent opportunistic infectious diseases can be particularly difficult to manage and have increased mortality. We present a young patient, status post cord blood transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia, who developed a large pulmonary mass‐like infection with Aspergillus, cytomegalovirus, and Mycobacterium avium complex. Radiological, surgical, and pathological features are described.
Lifshitz asymptotics for percolation Hamiltonians
Authors: Samavat Reza , Stollmann Peter , Veselić Ivan
Published: August 2014

We study a discrete Laplace operator on percolation subgraphs of an infinite graph. The ball volume is assumed to grow at most polynomially. We are interested in the behavior of the integrated density of states (IDS) near the lower spectral edge. If the graph is a Cayley graph, then we prove that it exhibits Lifshitz tails. If we merely assume that the graph has an exhausting sequence with positive ‐dimensional density, then we obtain an upper bound on the IDS of Lifshitz type.
Growth of strained InGaSb quantum wells for p-FET on Si: Defects, interfaces, and electrical properties
Authors: Madisetti Shailesh , Tokranov Vadim , Greene Andrew , Yakimov Michael , Hirayama Makoto , Oktyabrsky Serge , Bentley Steven , Jacob Ajey P.
Published: August 2014

A study of heteroepitaxial molecular beam epitaxy growth of strained p-channel InGaSb quantum well (QW) on lattice mismatched Si (100) using Al(Ga)Sb metamorphic buffers is presented in this paper. The migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE) technique was employed for AlSb nucleation layer (NL) on Si and analyzed using atomic force microscopy and in-situ Auger electron spectroscopy techniques to optimize growth conditions for continuous 2D buffer layers and improve surface quality of subsequent layers. Growth-related defects (threading dislocations, microtwins, and antiphase boundaries) and their effect on surface morphology and electrical properties of the QWs are analyzed with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy and correlated to the NL properties. The baseline data for defect density in the layers and resultant surface morphology are presented. Room temperature p-channel Hall mobility of 660 cm2/V s at 3 × 1011 cm−2 sheet hole concentration is achieved in InGaSb QWs using an optimized 15 monolayer AlSb MEE NL at 300 °C growth temperature.