bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress and prospects of integrated perovskite/organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Pang , Zhao Yixin , Wang Tao
Published: July 2020

Solar cells generate renewable energy by converting sunlight into electricity based on the photovoltaic effects. Different types of solar cells have been developed with the employment of versatile organic, inorganic, and hybrid semiconductors as the photoactive layer among which perovskite and solar cells have evidenced enormous progress in recent years. The maximum achievable power conversion efficiencies of perovskite and organic solar cells have now surpassed 25% and 18%, respectively. Nevertheless, the relatively narrow light absorption region of perovskite and large open-circuit voltage loss of organic solar cells hinder their further improvements. Recently, an emerging type of photovoltaic device, an integrated perovskite/organic solar cell, by incorporating perovskites and near-infrared organic semiconductors, has obtained enhanced short-circuit current density while reserving the high open-circuit voltage of perovskite devices. Integrated perovskite/organic solar cells simplify the sophisticated fabrication processes of tandem solar cells by depositing organic semiconductors, which are dissolved in orthogonal solvents directly onto the perovskite layer, offering a novel route to utilize more photons. In this review, we start with the operational mechanism of this new type of solar cell and then introduce various devices through distinctions of the organic layer. We proceed to summarize critical factors that determine efficiency and provide perspectives on directions to optimize, including the device structure and the organic and perovskite layers. This review serves as an ideal guide for the further development of high-performance integrated photovoltaic devices.
The role of the stray field on superconducting properties of hybrid ferromagnetic/superconducting heterostructures
Authors: Paschoa A. , Gonzalez J. L. , Nascimento V. P. , Passamani E. C.
Published: July 2020

A set of hybrid ferromagnetic/superconductor heterostructures was prepared by a confocal DC magnetron sputtering setup. The samples were systematically studied by measuring the magnetization and magneto-transport properties up to 2.5 T. The anisotropic behavior of the critical temperature, under applied magnetic fields, was investigated. For the Nb/Cu/Co samples, the nucleation of the superconductivity is determined by the formation of a large distribution of out-of-plane magnetic domains in the ferromagnetic Co layer. In the regions between the Co magnetic domains, the results suggested that the effective magnetic field can be drastically reduced, favoring the nucleation of Cooper pairs responsible for the superconducting properties of the Nb films. Oppositely, in the Nb/Cu/Py samples, the superconducting properties were more severely depleted due to the increase of the effective magnetic field, caused by the combined effects of the applied and ferromagnetic Py stray field. Values of spin-valve effects at the interval 60–300 mK were obtained for the different hybrid Nb/Cu/Py (or Nb/Cu/Co) and Nb/Cu/Py/Cu/Co systems. The results were mainly explained considering the effective stray fields derived from the changes on the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic layers caused by the external field.
High pressure crystal structures of orthovanadates and their properties
Authors: Errandonea Daniel
Published: July 2020

Pressure-induced phase transitions in orthovanadates have led to interesting physical phenomena. The observed transitions usually involve large volume collapses and drastic changes in the electronic and vibrational properties of the materials. In some cases, the phase transitions implicate coordination changes in vanadium, which has important consequences in the physical properties of vanadates. In this Perspective, we explore the current knowledge of the behavior of MVO4 vanadates under compression. In particular, we summarize studies of the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties, and a few illustrative examples of high-pressure research in the compounds of interest are discussed. A systematic understanding of the high-pressure behavior of MVO4 compounds is presented, emphasizing on results that could be relevant for practical applications. Recent advances and future challenges in the study of orthovanadates under extreme pressure will be reviewed, along with conclusions that could have consequences for the studies of related oxides. Some ideas on topics that may lead to exciting breakthroughs in the near future will be presented too.
Effects of tilt on the orientation dynamics of the large-scale circulation in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Ji Dandan , Bai Kunlun , Brown Eric
Published: July 2020

We experimentally test the effects of tilting a turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell on the dynamics of the large-scale circulation (LSC) orientation θ0. The probability distribution of θ0 is measured and used to obtain a tilt-induced potential acting on θ0, which is used in a low-dimensional model of diffusion of θ0 in a potential. The form of the potential is sinusoidal in θ0 and linear in tilt angle for small tilt angles, which is explained by a simple geometric model of the vector direction of the mean buoyancy force acting on the LSC. However, the magnitude of the tilt-induced forcing is found to be two orders of magnitude larger than previously predicted. When this parameter is adjusted to match the values obtained from the probability distribution of θ0, the diffusive model can quantitatively predict the effects of tilt on θ0. In particular, tilt causes a change in potential barrier height between neighboring corners of a cubic cell, and changes in the barrier-crossing rate for θ0 to escape a corner are predicted with an accuracy of ±30%. As a cylindrical cell is tilted, the tilt-induced potential provides a restoring force that induces oscillations when it exceeds the strength of damping; this critical tilt angle is predicted within 20%, and the prediction is consistent with the measured oscillation frequencies. These observations show that a self-consistent low-dimensional model can be extended to include the dynamics of θ0 due to tilt. However, the underprediction of the effect of tilt on θ0 warrants revisiting the predicted magnitude.
Competitive sorption of monovalent and divalent ions by highly charged globular macromolecules
Authors: Nikam Rohit , Xu Xiao , Kanduč Matej , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: July 2020

When a highly charged globular macromolecule, such as a dendritic polyelectrolyte or charged nanogel, is immersed into a physiological electrolyte solution, monovalent and divalent counterions from the solution bind to the macromolecule in a certain ratio and thereby almost completely electroneutralize it. For charged macromolecules in biological media, the number ratio of bound monovalent vs divalent ions is decisive for the desired function. A theoretical prediction of such a sorption ratio is challenging because of the competition of electrostatic (valency), ion-specific, and binding saturation effects. Here, we devise and discuss a few approximate models to predict such an equilibrium sorption ratio by extending and combining established electrostatic binding theories such as Donnan, Langmuir, Manning, and Poisson–Boltzmann approaches, to systematically study the competitive uptake of monovalent and divalent counterions by the macromolecule. We compare and fit our models to coarse-grained (implicit-solvent) computer simulation data of the globular polyelectrolyte dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) in salt solutions of mixed valencies. The dPGS molecule has high potential to serve in macromolecular carrier applications in biological systems and at the same time constitutes a good model system for a highly charged macromolecule. We finally use the simulation-informed models to extrapolate and predict electrostatic features such as the effective charge as a function of the divalent ion concentration for a wide range of dPGS generations (sizes).
Encapsulation of volatile fission products in a two-dimensional dicalcium nitride electride
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Chroneos Alexander , Grimes Robin W.
Published: July 2020

The efficient capture of volatile fission products released during spent fuel reprocessing is a crucial concern for the nuclear community. Here, we apply the density functional theory to examine the efficacy of a two-dimensional dicalcium nitride electride (Ca2N:ē) to encapsulate volatile fission products. Encapsulation is endoergic for Kr, Xe, Rb, and Cs meaning that they are not encapsulated. Conversely, strong encapsulation is exhibited for Br, I, and Te with respect to their atoms and dimers as reference states. The preference for Br, I, and Te encapsulation is a consequence of charge transfer from Ca2N:ē to form encapsulated anions. This makes the electride a promising material for the selective trapping of volatile Br, I, and Te.
A Feynman diagram description of the 2D-Raman-THz response of amorphous ice
Authors: Sidler David , Hamm Peter
Published: July 2020

The 2D-Raman-THz response in all possible time-orderings (Raman-THz-THz, THz-Raman-THz, and THz-THz-Raman) of amorphous water ice is calculated in two ways: from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and with the help of a Feynman diagram model, the latter of which power-expands the potential energy surface and the dipole and polarizability surfaces up to leading order. Comparing both results allows one to dissect the 2D-Raman-THz response into contributions from mechanical anharmonicity, as well as electrical dipole and polarizability anharmonicities. Mechanical anharmonicity dominates the 2D-Raman-THz response of the hydrogen-bond stretching and hydrogen-bond bending bands of water, and dipole anharmonicity dominates that of the librational band, while the contribution of polarizability anharmonicity is comparably weak. A distinct echo of the hydrogen-bond stretching band is observed for the THz-Raman-THz pulse sequence, again dominated by mechanical anharmonicity. A peculiar mechanism is discussed, which is based on the coupling between the many normal modes within the hydrogen-bond stretching band and which will inevitably generate such an echo for an amorphous structure.
Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors
Authors: Shaposhnik Polina A. , Zapunidi Sergey A. , Shestakov Mikhail V. , Agina Elena V. , Ponomarenko Sergey A.
Published: July 2020

This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organicπ-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given.

The bibliography includes 132 references.
Predicting personality from patterns of behavior collected with smartphones
Authors: Stachl Clemens , Au Quay , Schoedel Ramona , Gosling Samuel D. , Harari Gabriella M. , Buschek Daniel , Völkel Sarah Theres , Schuwerk Tobias , Oldemeier Michelle , Ullmann Theresa , Hussmann Heinrich , Bischl Bernd , Bühner Markus
Published: July 2020

Significance

Smartphones are sensor-rich computers that can easily be used to collect extensive records of behaviors, posing serious threats to individuals’ privacy. This study examines the extent to which individuals’ personality dimensions (assessed at broad domain and narrow facet levels) can be predicted from six classes of behavior: 1) communication and social behavior, 2) music consumption, 3) app usage, 4) mobility, 5) overall phone activity, and 6) day- and night-time activity, in a large sample. The cross-validated results show which Big Five personality dimensions are predictable and which specific patterns of behavior are indicative of which dimensions, revealing communication and social behavior as most predictive overall. Our results highlight the benefits and dangers posed by the widespread collection of smartphone data.
CACNA1S haploinsufficiency confers resistance to New World arenavirus infection
Authors: Sarute Nicolás , Ross Susan R.
Published: July 2020

Significance

It is well known that genetic differences among individuals can influence their susceptibility to infectious disease. Our results, using New World arenavirus-infected mice heterozygous for the α1S chain of the VGCC, human cells heterozygous for a mutation of this chain, and drugs that target this receptor, highlight the influence of genetic background on the outcome of infection and zoonoses. These findings also confirm the use of VGCCs as potential therapeutic targets and pave the way for understanding the relationship between genetics, susceptibility to infection, and antiviral drug efficacy.
Regulation of myonuclear positioning and muscle function by the skeletal muscle-specific CIP protein
Authors: Liu Jianming , Huang Zhan-Peng , Nie Mao , Wang Gang , Silva William J. , Yang Qiumei , Freire Paula P. , Hu Xiaoyun , Chen Huaqun , Deng Zhongliang , Pu William T. , Wang Da-Zhi
Published: July 2020

Significance

The arrangement of nuclei in myofibers, which are multinucleated skeletal muscle cells, is essential for their proper function. Abnormal nuclear positioning in myofibers is a common feature of several skeletal muscle diseases, including centronuclear myopathy and muscular dystrophy. Here, we show an isoform of the CIP protein (sk-CIP) contributes to the regulation of the positioning of nuclei in myofibers by interacting with both the LINC complex (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) and proteins in the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Through these interactions, sk-CIP appears to function as a skeletal muscle-specific anchoring protein that regulates nuclear positioning in myofibers. Further investigation and understanding of myofiber nuclear positioning may facilitate the development of novel therapies for some diseases of skeletal muscle.
Microbial tryptophan metabolites regulate gut barrier function via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Scott Samantha A. , Fu Jingjing , Chang Pamela V.
Published: July 2020

Significance

The gut microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the mammalian intestines. These microbes regulate many aspects of host physiology, including defense mechanisms against factors that contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Despite the abundance of the gut microbiota, little is known regarding how these microbes modulate these host processes, including the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, which controls intestinal permeability associated with IBDs. Here, we discover that three gut microbially produced, small-molecule metabolites, which derive from dietary tryptophan, improve intestinal barrier integrity and protect against inflammation caused by IBDs. Our studies identify a host receptor and downstream targets of the metabolites, which could serve as potential pathways for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for ameliorating morbidity in IBDs.
The human cerebellum has almost 80% of the surface area of the neocortex
Authors: Sereno Martin I. , Diedrichsen Jörn , Tachrount Mohamed , Testa-Silva Guilherme , d’Arceuil Helen , De Zeeuw Chris
Published: July 2020

Significance

The cerebellum has long been recognized as a partner of the cerebral cortex, and both have expanded greatly in human evolution. The thin cerebellar cortex is even more tightly folded than the cerebral cortex. By scanning a human cerebellum specimen at ultra-high magnetic fields, we were able to computationally reconstruct its surface down to the level of the smallest folds, revealing that the cerebellar cortex has almost 80% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex. By performing the same procedure on a monkey brain, we found that the surface area of the human cerebellum has expanded even more than that of the human cerebral cortex, suggesting a role in characteristically human behaviors, such as toolmaking and language.
Flow-accelerated platelet biogenesis is due to an elasto-hydrodynamic instability
Authors: Bächer Christian , Bender Markus , Gekle Stephan
Published: July 2020

Significance

To maintain the high number of blood platelets in mammalian blood, an exceptionally efficient process for platelet biogenesis is required. While recent in vitro experiments demonstrate blood flow as a key factor accelerating biogenesis, the biophysical mechanism behind this acceleration remains unclear. Here we use computer simulations to show how fluid flow can indeed strongly increase biogenesis. The key aspect of our work is that we introduce a physical mechanism, akin to the well-known Rayleigh–Plateau instability of a liquid jet, as the likely origin of accelerated platelet production. Our findings can lead to a more efficient design of microfluidic bioreactors for platelet production, but also explain the exceptionally strong coupling of fluid flow and platelet biogenesis in vivo.
Bacterial synthesis of C3-C5 diols via extending amino acid catabolism
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Chenyi , Zou Yusong , Yan Yajun
Published: July 2020

Significance

To date, most industrially relevant bioproduction processes rely on sugar-based feedstocks, whereas utilization of ever-increasing protein wastes or hydrolysates, e.g., amino acids (AAs), for chemical production has been less explored. Currently, AAs that generated from cheap protein-rich wastes or overproduced from industrial fermentation mainly serve as animal feed additives and flavor ingredients. Considering the natural abundance and structural diversity of AAs, they may serve as new platform chemicals for chemical expansion in microbial systems. Through combination of a common catabolism of charged AAs and a diol production pathway, we devise a general metabolic platform that converts multiple AAs and glucose into C3-C5 diols. Our work presents a platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with expanded feedstock flexibility.
Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals key components of complete desiccation tolerance in an anhydrobiotic insect
Authors: Ryabova Alina , Cornette Richard , Cherkasov Alexander , Watanabe Masahiko , Okuda Takashi , Shagimardanova Elena , Kikawada Takahiro , Gusev Oleg
Published: July 2020

Significance

Anhydrobiosis is a reversible ametabolic state that occurs in response to severe desiccation. The largest anhydrobiotic animal known is the larva of the African chironomid
Polypedilum vanderplanki.
Here, we investigated how the metabolism of larvae changes during the desiccation–rehydration cycle and how simple biochemical processes determine viability of the chironomid. Major findings suggest that, in addition to its known anhydroprotectant role, trehalose acts as a major source of energy for rehydration. Citrate and adenosine monophosphate, accumulated in the dry state, allow rapid resumption of metabolism during the recovery phase. Finally, metabolic waste is stored as stable or nontoxic compounds such as allantoin, xanthurenic acid, or ophthalmic acid that may also act as antioxidants.
Kinetically distinct processing pathways diversify the CD8+T cell response to a single viral epitope
Authors: Cosma Gabriela L. , Lobby Jenna L. , Fay Elizabeth J. , Siciliano Nicholas A. , Langlois Ryan A. , Eisenlohr Laurence C.
Published: July 2020

Significance

CD8+T cells eliminate infections and cancers through recognition of antigen-derived peptides displayed at the cell surface in combination with MHC class I molecules. We show that a single glycoprotein-derived epitope is generated from two sources: 1) the conventional cohort that is delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum, a fraction failing quality control and undergoing ERAD, and 2) an exceedingly minor fraction that is mislocalized to the cytosol during translation and immediately degraded. Notably, peptide derived from mislocalized antigen is delivered to the cell surface with faster kinetics and drives greater CD8+T cell expansion and functionality. These findings provide key insights for development of vaccines intended to elicit CD8+T cell-mediated protection.
CD4 T cell-intrinsic role for the T helper 17 signature cytokine IL-17: Effector resistance to immune suppression
Authors: Crawford Michael P. , Sinha Sushmita , Renavikar Pranav S. , Borcherding Nicholas , Karandikar Nitin J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells come in several flavors, largely defined by their cytokine profiles. Th17 cells, characterized by the production of IL-17 family cytokines, play important roles in the body’s response to infections and cancer and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study reveals an unexpected role for the T helper 17 signature cytokines: IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF. We show that these cytokines can act directly on CD4 T cells to make them resistant to immune regulation. This resistance is mediated through IL-1β–mediated and IL-6–mediated pathways in a T cell-intrinsic manner. These findings have broad implications in multiple settings involving immune-mediated responses (including autoimmunity, cancer therapy, and chronic infectious disease).
Unroofing site-specific α-synuclein–lipid interactions at the plasma membrane
Authors: Kaur Upneet , Lee Jennifer C.
Published: July 2020

Significance

α-Synuclein is a neuronal protein with an ill-defined biological function that is central to Parkinson’s disease etiology. While considered to be involved in exocytosis, how α-synuclein facilitates synaptic vesicle fusion and release remains an open question. To address this, we investigated α-synuclein–lipid interactions at the plasma membrane through the technique of cellular unroofing, which uncovers an intact basal membrane. We conclusively show that α-synuclein is recruited to exocytic sites, preferring liquid-ordered lipid domains. Importantly, heterogeneous populations of α-synuclein conformers are revealed by measurements of fluorescence lifetime distributions, which are not adequately described by current models of α-synuclein structures. Membrane-bound α-synuclein is conformationally dynamic, exquisitely sensitive to lipid/protein composition, enabling the protein to carry out its function.
Hydrogels as dynamic memory with forgetting ability
Authors: Yu Chengtao , Guo Honglei , Cui Kunpeng , Li Xueyu , Ye Ya Nan , Kurokawa Takayuki , Gong Jian Ping
Published: July 2020

Significance

Life provides the best demonstration of complex and adaptive nonequilibrium system, which executes biological functions through nonequilibrium structure transformation. Creating lifelike materials to achieve part of or full biological functions is a grand challenge. Traditional memories from hard and dry materials are static, with no ability of forgetting; here we propose to use soft and wet hydrogels to achieve dynamic memories with spontaneous but learning-strength-dependent forgetting ability by using nonequilibrium structure transformation, in analogy to the human brain. We believe the concept of dynamic memorizing–forgetting behavior proposed here inspires further research on developing lifelike materials based on the nonequilibrium process of soft matter.
Objecting to experiments even while approving of the policies or treatments they compare
Authors: Heck Patrick R. , Chabris Christopher F. , Watts Duncan J. , Meyer Michelle N.
Published: July 2020

We resolve a controversy over two competing hypotheses about why people object to randomized experiments: 1) People unsurprisingly object to experiments only when they object to a policy or treatment the experiment contains, or 2) people can paradoxically object to experiments even when they approve of implementing either condition for everyone. Using multiple measures of preference and test criteria in five preregistered within-subjects studies with 1,955 participants, we find that people often disapprove of experiments involving randomization despite approving of the policies or treatments to be tested.
Mutations in COPA lead to abnormal trafficking of STING to the Golgi and interferon signaling
Authors: Lepelley Alice , Martin-Niclós Maria José , Le Bihan Melvin , Marsh Joseph A. , Uggenti Carolina , Rice Gillian I. , Bondet Vincent , Duffy Darragh , Hertzog Jonny , Rehwinkel Jan , Amselem Serge , Boulisfane-El Khalifi Siham , Brennan Mary , Carter Edwin , Chatenoud Lucienne , Chhun Stéphanie , Coulomb l’Hermine Aurore , Depp Marine , Legendre Marie , Mackenzie Karen J. , Marey Jonathan , McDougall Catherine , McKenzie Kathryn J. , Molina Thierry Jo , Neven Bénédicte , Seabra Luis , Thumerelle Caroline , Wislez Marie , Nathan Nadia , Manel Nicolas , Crow Yanick J. , Frémond Marie-Louise
Published: July 2020

Heterozygous missense mutations in coatomer protein subunit α, COPA, cause a syndrome overlapping clinically with type I IFN-mediated disease due to gain-of-function in STING, a key adaptor of IFN signaling. Recently, increased levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were described in COPA syndrome. However, the link between COPA mutations and IFN signaling is unknown. We observed elevated levels of ISGs and IFN-α in blood of symptomatic COPA patients. In vitro, both overexpression of mutant COPA and silencing of COPA induced STING-dependent IFN signaling. We detected an interaction between COPA and STING, and mutant COPA was associated with an accumulation of ER-resident STING at the Golgi. Given the known role of the coatomer protein complex I, we speculate that loss of COPA function leads to enhanced type I IFN signaling due to a failure of Golgi-to-ER STING retrieval. These data highlight the importance of the ER–Golgi axis in the control of autoinflammation and inform therapeutic strategies in COPA syndrome.
CASTLE: cell adhesion with supervised training and learning environment
Authors: Gilbert S G , Krautter F , Cooper D , Chimen M , Iqbal A J , Spill F
Published: July 2020

Different types of microscopy are used to uncover signatures of cell adhesion and mechanics. Automating the identification and analysis often involve sacrificial routines of cell manipulation such asin vitrostaining. Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is rarely used in automation due to the difficulties with poor quality images. However, it is the least intrusive method to provide insights into the dynamics of cells, where other types of microscopy are too destructive to monitor. In this study, we propose an efficient workflow to automate cell counting and morphology in PCM images. We introduce Cell Adhesion with Supervised Training and Learning Environment (CASTLE), available as a series of additional plugins to ImageJ. CASTLE combines effective techniques for phase-contrast image processing with statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms to interpret the results. The proposed workflow was validated by comparing the results to a manual count and manual segmentation of cells in images investigating different adherent cell types, including monocytes, neutrophils and platelets. In addition, the effect of different molecules on cell adhesion was characterised using CASTLE. For example, we demonstate that Galectin-9 leads to differences in adhesion of leukocytes. CASTLE also provides information using machine learning techniques, namely principal component analysis andk-means clustering, to distinguish morphology currently inaccessible with manual methods. All scripts and documentation are open-source and available at the corresponding GitLab project.
A combination of residual and long–short-term memory networks for bearing fault diagnosis based on time-series model analysis
Authors: Wang Youming , Cheng Lin
Published: July 2020

Data-driven methods have been considered as an effective tool for detecting the nonlinear and complex changes of time-series data and extracting early fault features from bearing vibration measurements in industrial applications. Due to the lack of a feature extraction ability of the residual network, which is an existing typical intelligent fault diagnosis deep model of bearing vibration signal, it is difficult to capture the long-term dependence between the time-series data. To overcome this problem, we propose a combination of residual and long–short-term memory networks (Resnet-LSTM) and develop a fused time-series model. The two-dimensional signal of bearing vibration is input into the residual network and the local feature is extracted by embedding a residual layer. In addition, the bearing feature information is loaded into a long-term memory unit and the forgetting mechanism is introduced to extract the global features of the time-series data. The advantage of the proposed method is that it takes full advantage of all the local deep features and global time-series features from the bearing vibration signal. This approach enables us to learn sequential features in different interval lengths and capture the local sequence features of the data information flow, which can improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of existing methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other common methods in single and compound fault diagnoses of bearings.
Dose quantification in carbon ion therapy using in-beam positron emission tomography
Authors: Rutherford Harley , Chacon Andrew , Mohammadi Akram , Takyu Sodai , Tashima Hideaki , Yoshida Eiji , Nishikido Fumihiko , Hofmann Theresa , Pinto Marco , Franklin Daniel R , Yamaya Taiga , Parodi Katia , Rosenfeld Anatoly B , Guatelli Susanna , Safavi-Naeini Mitra
Published: July 2020

This work presents an iterative method for the estimation of the absolute dose distribution in patients undergoing carbon ion therapy, via analysis of the distribution of positron annihilations resulting from the decay of positron-emitting fragments created in the target volume. The proposed method relies on the decomposition of the total positron-annihilation distributions into profiles of the three principal positron-emitting fragment species - 11C, 10C and 15O. A library of basis functions is constructed by simulating a range of monoenergetic 12C ion irradiations of a homogeneous polymethyl methacrylate phantom and measuring the resulting one-dimensional positron-emitting fragment profiles and dose distributions. To estimate the dose delivered during an arbitrary polyenergetic irradiation, a linear combination of factors from the fragment profile library is iteratively fitted to the decomposed positron annihilation profile acquired during the irradiation, and the resulting weights combined with the corresponding monoenergetic dose profiles to estimate the total dose distribution. A total variation regularisation term is incorporated into the fitting process to suppress high-frequency noise. The method was evaluated with 14 different polyenergetic 12C dose profiles in a polymethyl methacrylate target: one which produces a flat biological dose, 10 with randomised energy weighting factors, and three with distinct dose maxima or minima within the spread-out Bragg peak region. The proposed method is able to calculate the dose profile with mean relative errors of 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.6% from the 11C, 10C, 15O fragment profiles, respectively, and estimate the position of the distal edge of the SOBP to within an average of 0.7 mm, 1.9 mm and 1.2 mm of its true location.
Localized characteristics of lump and interaction solutions to two extended Jimbo–Miwa equations*
Authors: Yin Yu-Hang , Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing
Published: July 2020

We focus on the localized characteristics of lump and interaction solutions to two extended Jimbo–Miwa equations. Based on the Hirota bilinear method and the test function method, we construct the exact solutions to the extended equations including lump solutions, lump–kink solutions, and two other types of interaction solutions, by solving the under-determined nonlinear system of algebraic equations for associated parameters. Finally, analysis and graphical simulation are presented to show the dynamical characteristics of our solutions and the interaction behaviors are revealed.
Progress on 2D topological insulators and potential applications in electronic devices*
Authors: Hou Yanhui , Zhang Teng , Sun Jiatao , Liu Liwei , Yao Yugui , Wang Yeliang
Published: July 2020

Two-dimensional topological insulators (2DTIs) have attracted increasing attention during the past few years. New 2DTIs with increasing larger spin–orbit coupling (SOC) gaps have been predicted by theoretical calculations and some of them have been synthesized experimentally. In this review, the 2DTIs, ranging from single element graphene-like materials to bi-elemental transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) and to multi-elemental materials, with different thicknesses, structures, and phases, have been summarized and discussed. The topological properties (especially the quantum spin Hall effect and Dirac fermion feature) and potential applications have been summarized. This review also points out the challenge and opportunities for future 2DTI study, especially on the device applications based on the topological properties.
Temperature-switching logic in MoS2 single transistors*
Authors: Chen Xiaozhang , Gu Lehua , Liu Lan , Chen Huawei , Li Jingyu , Liu Chunsen , Zhou Peng
Published: July 2020

Due to their unique characteristics, two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn great attention as promising candidates for the next generation of integrated circuits, which generate a calculation unit with a new working mechanism, called a logic transistor. To figure out the application prospects of logic transistors, exploring the temperature dependence of logic characteristics is important. In this work, we explore the temperature effect on the electrical characteristic of a logic transistor, finding that changes in temperature cause transformation in the calculation: logical output converts from ‘AND’ at 10 K to ‘OR’ at 250 K. The transformation phenomenon of temperature regulation in logical output is caused by energy band which decreases with increasing temperature. In the experiment, the indirect band gap of MoS2 shows an obvious decrease from 1.581 eV to 1.535 eV as the temperature increases from 10 K to 250 K. The change of threshold voltage with temperature is consistent with the energy band, which confirms the theoretical analysis. Therefore, as a promising material for future integrated circuits, the demonstrated characteristic of 2D transistors suggests possible application for future functional devices.
Influence of Tourist Experience On Tourist Destinations Against Loyalty Through The Value of Traveling
Authors: Sukaris  , Suyono Joko , Ratnasahara Elisabeth Damarsari
Published: July 2020

Today, the owners of tourist destinations are aware of the inportance of brand strategy, they are also aware that the creation of experience and value for tourists is the most important part in achieving competitive advantage. Only tourist destinations providing impressive experiences and best value that can create tourist loyalty on tourist destinations, and only this loyalty is related to the sustainability of tourist destinations in the future. The research objective was to examine the conceptual model of the influence of experience on tourist destinations on tourist loyalty through the value of traveling. Data collection was done with a one-time collection approach through questionnaires to tourists who have finished visiting Lamongan Tourism Bahari. In answering the research objectives and assessing the model compiled, the analysis technique used was technical analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the LISREL 8.8 software program. The results show that the experience of tourists after a visit has a significant effect on the value perceived by tourists after visiting tourist destinations, tourists experience after visiting has a significant effect on tourists loyalty and the value felt by tourists after visiting has a significant effect on tourists loyalty.
Model of Organization and Determination of Tariffs in the Control of Justice, Expective and Efficient Telecommunication Towers
Authors: Sesung Rusdianto , Kurniawan Fredy , Noor Al Azam Moh.
Published: July 2020

When the formula for calculating the RPMT tariff does not have a standard calculation technique, the implementation of the calculation of the RPMT tariff between one area and another is different. Therefore, it is necessary to do a theoretical and empirical study to find the ideal RPMT calculation formula according to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46 / PUU-XII / 2014. The results of the study show that the ideal pattern of RPMT calculation is that calculations based on Article 151 of the PDRD Law as it is reinforced by the Court of Constitution through Decision Number 46 / PUU-XII / 2014 which have canceled the Explanation of Article 124 of Law No. 28 of 2009 on the grounds that the imposition of a levy tariff that provides a maximum limit of NJOP without accompanied by a clear calculation system does not provide legal certainty that will cause injustice in its application. So the Central Government must immediately compile and discuss the Draft of Ministerial Regulation on Implementation and Retribution.
Analysis of Modal Shift to Support MRT-Based Urban Transportation in Jakarta
Authors: Febriani Devi , Mega Olivia C , Aniisah Sholilah Sita , Hidajat Masjraul
Published: July 2020

As a metropolitan city with large population, Jakarta requires adequate public transportation system for its alternative solution to support the activities of people. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is a public transportation system that goes in high mobility rate to transfer or carry passengers in large number without entry barriers This paper study about prospective passengers of Jakarta’s MRT, their interest to shift in commuting choices into MRT, willingness to shift (WTS), and willingness to pay (WTP). The research used stated preference with direct surveyes to customer. The analysis of modal shift (WTS and WTP) was conducted by parameters of urban transport: affordability, availability, accessibility, and acceptability. The result is most of respondents are willing to shift to MRT because of its faster, more comfortable, no traffic jam, more safe, cheaper, and other, and they even willing to pay additional fare from their current mode. And people who unwilling to shift to MRT due to the distance of the nearest stations is too far.
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency on Cessna 208 with DHC 6-300 Twin Otter for Flights in Inland Papua
Authors: Nanda R F , Nugraha M P , An C , Cahyanti D E
Published: July 2020

Aircraft selection is very important aspect to increase the productivity and profitability of an airline company. However, there are still many airlines that are unaware of how a right selection of aircraft type can influence operational costs. Therefore, calculating the operating cost of the aircraft is necessary so that airline companies can maximize profits and can compete with highly competitive conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate the calculation of operational costs for the type of aircraft Cessna 208 and DHC 6-300 Twin Otter which have already been used for flights in the inland area of Papua. This study is also aimed to find out what type of aircraft is more effective and efficient in terms of operating costs. The method used in this study was qualitative with a descriptive and explorative research technique. The results of this study shows that the DHC 6-300 Twin Otter type aircraft were more effective and efficient. Consequently, the airline can consider which type of aircraft is to be used in rural Papua.
The Implementation of Barcode on Warehouse Management System for Warehouse Efficiency
Authors: Amanda Istiqomah Nadya , Fara Sansabilla Putri , Himawan Doddy , Rifni Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Technology has the power to affect and shape modern life aspects. Technology has speed up and simplify every task. One of those technologies that we currently use is Barcode. Barcode system can be implemented in the warehouse management system. By using Barcode in every process of the warehouse management system, it helps to minimize human error and provide accurate data in a real-time. Barcode also helps to integrate every process and improves efficiency in the warehouse management system. However, there are lots of warehouses that using manual handling. Therefore, in this research authors would like to discuss about the implementation of the barcode in the warehouse management system to improve warehouse efficiency. This research is conducted by using the qualitative method because this method will explain in depth the process in the warehouse management system as well as data collecting by conducting a semi-structural interview. Authors recommended barcode implementation in the warehouse management system to achieve warehouse efficiency.
An acoustic system for EOL engines diagnoses in hot test cells
Authors: Masullo M , Maffei L , Bianco B , Ambrosio V , Ricciardi S
Published: July 2020

End of Line tests have a crucial role in industrial processes to validate the products’ quality. In automotive industry, engines at the end of assembling process are fully tested within hot test cells at different working conditions by mean specific test cycles. Vibration monitoring is widely used in order to identify potential faults in the assembly process. This contact technique leads to several disadvantages, mainly due to the accessibility and the characteristics of surfaces for accelerometers mounting (e.g. rotating parts, geometries complexes, high temperatures) and to the time-consuming setup procedures. These limitations can be overcome by using microphone sensors. This paper describes the development phases of an acoustic based fault diagnosis system, its integration on hot test cells and the results obtained over large number of engines tested. By mean some specific technical solutions the acoustics approach in the EOL fault diagnosis of combustion engines has showed itself to be compatible with the characteristics of the production industry environment, providing reliable and repeatable results. The latter has been demonstrated also by comparison with the traditional accelerometer technique.
Complex composite technology investigation: simulations and experimental results
Authors: Viscardi Massimo , Arena Maurizio , Napolitano Pasquale , Iaccarino Paola , Cerreta Pietro
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with discussion of research activities within ITEMB (InTEgrated Full Composite Main landing gear Bay Concept) framework, an EU Clean Sky 2 program coordinated by Airbus. The driving motivation for the investigation on such a technology was found in the opportunity to design a main landing gear bay in a full composite configuration: rational approaches have been implemented in an efficient testing stage providing the necessary database for the static qualification of the conceived design. Advanced and innovative solutions for a “more integrated” system were duly analysed and experimentally validated thus proving the overall device compliance with industrial standards and applicable airworthiness requirements.
Conceptual Design and Optimization of 2-seater Seaplanes
Authors: Aroonsaengmanee Cheewan , Watjatrakul Boonchai , Nontakaew Udomkiat
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the conceptual design and optimization of 2-seater seaplane. A design code was developed from MATLAB with optimization toolbox. Design synthesis contains aircraft weight, performance, aerodynamics, aircraft stability, engine sizing and ship hull design according to user requirements and Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light-Sport Airplane. The seaplane take-off weight is used as the objective function to minimize subjected to design constraints. The optimization process makes use of the MATLAB GA-hybrid scheme (Genetic algorithm and Fmincon) which is faster and more efficient than the genetic algorithm or gradient-based approach. The optimum designs were obtained. The influences of design requirements and constraints were investigated. The outcome of the program is an optimum design of a single-engine 2-seater seaplane.
Analysis of Torsional Vibration Reduction on Automobile Cardan Shaft by using Composite Materials
Authors: Le VanAnh , Quang Nguyen Thanh , Quan Le Hong , Tran PhucHoa , Nguyen TienTan , Nguyen Xa Hoi
Published: July 2020

The Cardan shaft is of interest because it transfers torsional loads from the gearbox to the rear axle for vehicle motion. Central to the entire discipline of the Candan shaft is the concept of the dynamics of the Cardan shaft. This concept can be very complex because one head of the shaft is fixed to the gearbox, while the other end can move in the vertical plane when the vehicle is running on an uneven road. The Cardan shaft is twisted and bent at different rotational speeds. When the torsional oscillation frequency of the Cardan shaft coincides with one of its natural frequencies, it can induce resonance and causing structural damage. The paper presents the analysis of the Cardan shaft’s natural frequencies with two different materials: conventional sheet metal and composite material. The calculations can be used as the basis for designing the Cardan shaft in the vehicle powertrain system of the vehicles. These results further support the idea of using composite materials for the Cardan shafts in the automotive powertrain system, and composite materials for some other shaft parts in the vehicle.
Reliability-based Design Optimization of Classical Wing Aeroelasticity
Authors: Sleesongsom S , Yooyen S , Prapamonthon P , Bureerat S
Published: July 2020

Flutter speed of aircraft is very important and needs to be firstly specified before a certification applied for a new aircraft by airworthiness regulator to make sure that the aircraft is free from flutter in its flight envelope. By assuming geometrical and physical parameters known, the speed is usually estimated from deterministic analyses in a design stage. In practice, some parameters are finitely measured by observing, especially for the geometrical parameters, material properties and so on due to the random in nature, which causes uncertainty of information often called uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to combine reliability analysis and optimum design of aeroelastic aircraft wing. The classical two-dimensional wing with a typical airfoil section is used as an example in this study. To quantify uncertainty in the design of flutter speed, the discrete-time aero-elastic model and worst-case scenario are applied. Furthermore, the comparison between optimum design with/without reliability is provided in this study. The results show the proposed technique leads to the flutter speed being more conservative and realizable compared with the traditional technique.