bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Uric Acid Combined with Homocysteine as a Predictive Biomarker
of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Tian Jingjing , Wang Xiaoyuan , Shen Haili
Published: May 2024

Serum uric acid (UA) and homocysteine (Hcy) are potential biomarkers of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, the expressions of UA and Hcy in SLE
patients and the predictive value of these two parameters for lupus nephritis
(LN) were studied. A total of 476 SLE patients were recruited to this
case-control study, of which 176 SLE patients diagnosed with LN and 300 without
LN. Serum UA and Hcy levels were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between serum UA and Hcy and LN.
The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to predict the role
of combination of serum UA and Hcy in LN. We found that serum UA and Hcy levels
in SLE patients with LN were significantly higher than those in controls
(p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regressions showed that serum UA (OR+=+1.003,
95+% CI: 1.001–1.006, p+=+0.003), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (OR+=+21.361, 95+%
CI: 2.312–195.373, p+=+0.007) and Hcy (OR+=+1.042, 95+% CI: 1.011–1.080,
p+=+0.014) were independent markers of LN. Combined serum UA and Hcy revealed a
better result (AUC+=+0.718, 95+% CI: 0.670–0.676, p<0.001) in prediction of
LN compared to that of the serum UA (AUC+=+0.710) and Hcy (AUC+=+0.657)
independently. In conclusion, serum UA and Hcy could be predictive biomarkers of
LN, and joint detection of serum UA and Hcy might be useful in the clinical
setting.
Advancements in Non-Dopaminergic Treatments for Schizophrenia: A
Systematic Review of Pipeline Developments
Authors: Komatsu Yuki , Takehara Moe , Hart Xenia , Takahashi Yuna , Hori Satoko , Ueno Fumihiko , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Introduction Conventional antipsychotic drugs that attenuate dopaminergic
neural transmission are ineffective in approximately one-third of patients with
schizophrenia. This necessitates the development of non-dopaminergic agents.

Methods A systematic search was conducted for completed phase II and III
trials of compounds for schizophrenia treatment using the US Clinical Trials
Registry and the EU Clinical Trials Register. Compounds demonstrating
significant superiority over placebo in the primary outcome measure in the
latest phase II and III trials were identified. Collateral information on the
included compounds was gathered through manual searches in PubMed and press
releases.

Results Sixteen compounds were identified; four compounds (ulotaront,
xanomeline/trospium chloride, vabicaserin, and roluperidone) were investigated
as monotherapy and the remaining 12 (pimavanserin, bitopertin, BI 425809,
encenicline, tropisetron, pregnenolone, D-serine, estradiol, tolcapone,
valacyclovir, cannabidiol, and rimonabant) were examined as add-on therapy.
Compared to the placebo, ulotaront, xanomeline/trospium chloride, vabicaserin,
bitopertin, estradiol, cannabidiol, rimonabant, and D-serine showed efficacy for
positive symptoms; roluperidone and pimavanserin were effective for negative
symptoms; and encenicline, tropisetron, pregnenolone, tolcapone, BI 425809, and
valacyclovir improved cognitive function.

Discussion Compounds that function differently from existing antipsychotics
may offer novel symptom-specific therapeutic strategies for patients with
schizophrenia.
No Skin Paddle, No Problem: Burying Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Flaps in the Immediate Setting is Safe in Select Patient Populations
Authors: Lignieres Austin , Andejani Doaa F. , Chu Carrie K. , Largo Rene D. , Mericli Alexander F.
Published: May 2024

Background In appropriately selected patients, it may be possible to fully bury breast free flaps deep to the mastectomy skin flaps. Because this practice forgoes the incorporation of a monitoring skin paddle for the flap, and thus limits the ability for physical exam, it may be associated with an increased risk of flap loss or other perfusion-related complications, such as fat necrosis. We hypothesized that fully de-epithelialized breast free flaps were not associated with an increased complication rate and reduced the need for future revision surgery.

Methods A single-institution retrospective review of 206 deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) flaps in 142 patients was performed between June 2016 and September 2021. Flaps were grouped into buried or nonburied categories based on the absence or presence of a monitoring paddle. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed postoperatively using the BREAST-Q breast reconstruction module. Electronic medical record data included demographics, comorbidities, flap characteristics, complications, and revision surgery.

Results The buried flap patients (N = 46) had a lower median body mass index (26.9 vs 30.3, p = 0.04) and a lower rate of hypertension (19.5 vs. 37.5%, p = 0.04) compared with nonburied flap patients (N = 160). Burying flaps was more likely to be adopted in skin-sparing mastectomy or nipple-sparing mastectomy (p = 0.001) and in an immediate or a delayed–immediate fashion (p = 0.009). There was one flap loss in the nonburied group; complication rates were similar. There was a significantly greater revision rate in the nonburied flap patients (92 vs. 70%; p = 0.002). Buried flap patients exhibited a greater satisfaction with breasts (84.5 ± 13.4 vs. 73.9 ± 21.4; p = 0.04) and sexual satisfaction (73.1 ± 22.4 vs. 53.7 ± 29.7; p = 0.01) compared with nonburied flap patients.

Conclusion Burying breast free flaps in appropriately selected patients does not appear to have a higher complication rate when compared with flaps with an externalized monitoring paddle. Furthermore, this modification may be associated with a better immediate aesthetic outcome and improved patient satisfaction, as evidenced by a lower rate of revision surgery and superior BREAST-Q scores among buried DIEP flaps.
Retention of endoscopic capsules in diverticula: Literature review of a capsule endoscopy rarity
Authors: Thorndal Camilla , Selnes Ola , Lei Ian Io , Schostek Sebastian , Koulaouzidis Anastasios
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims This review aimed to provide an updated
and comprehensive review of capsule retention within diverticula, shedding light on the
characteristics and management of this rare event in capsule endoscopy.

Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across
multiple databases. All observational studies that reported capsule retention in a
diverticulum among complication and outcomes, as well as case reports and series, were
included. Manual cross-checking of references was also performed. Two extractors performed
abstract and full-text reviews, as well as data-extraction.

Results We found 167 references from Pubmed, Embase, and Web Of
Science. Sixty-five duplicates were removed and another 71 references were excluded.
Crosschecking of references found additional two articles. In total, 32 articles were
included, resulting in a total of 34 cases of retained capsules in diverticula. The median age
was 69 and the majority of the patients were male (76.5%). The most common retention occurred
in Meckel’s diverticulum (32.4%) followed by Zenker’s diverticulum (20.6%). Investigation of
capsule retention was done with x-ray (50%) and computed tomography (CT) scan (44.1%).
Seventeen cases (50%) were asymptomatic. Resolution of the retention happened with endoscopy
(35.3%) and surgical management (32.4%), as well as self-resolution (20.6%).

Conclusions Due to the small number of cases, diverticula are not
a risk factor for incomplete capsule endoscopy examination. It affects mainly elderly, male,
asymptomatic patients, and typically is diagnosed with x-rays and CT scans. The most common
type is Meckel’s diverticulum, and endoscopy is the primary management. Capsule endoscopy
retentions are extremely rare, with only 34 cases reported since the technology's
introduction.
Syntheses of 7a-Substituted Pyrrolizidine Derivatives via Stereocontrolled Anionic Cyclization
Authors: Huang Fangzhi , Chen Yue-Lei , Ming Hongjun , He Darong , Si Shengmeng , Xu Chao , Yuan Yunge , Tian Xiaoran , Hu Zhigang , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2024

Starting from inexpensive proline and epichlorohydrin, a pivotal stereocontrolled anionic cyclization reaction paves the way for a robust and adaptable methodology to produce stereoisomers of 7a-substituted pyrrolizidine derivatives. This process yields intriguing 7a-hydroxymethyl pyrrolizidine derivatives, among them valuable trans-(2-fluorohexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a-yl)methanol, which is attainable through multiple steps.
Environmental Homeopathy: Homeopathic Potencies Regulate the Growth and Toxicity of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) and can be Tracked Physico-Chemically. Part 2: Physico-chemical Results
Authors: Mohammad Suham Nowrooz , Pinto Andreia Adelaide G. , Silva Rodrigo Augusto da , Suffredini Ivana Barbosa , Tournier Alexander L. , Cartwright Steven J. , Yunes João Sarkis , Bonamin Leoni V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction The control of cyanobacterial toxicity and growth by homeopathic potencies was described in Part 1 of this two-part report. Here, a parallel approach characterized the physico-chemical features of the potencies used and the liquid media treated with them, correlating these results with their respective biological effects.

Objectives Our objective was to establish if physico-chemical parameters can track homeopathic potencies in seawater or artificial seawater medium (ASM)-1 and to discover whether these parameters correlate with previously described biological effects.

Method Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp) cysts were cultivated in seawater challenged with Raphidiopsis raciborskii extract and treated with different homeopathic potencies chosen from a screening process. Cultures of R. raciborskii maintained in ASM-1 were also treated with previously screened homeopathic potencies, and their growth was monitored as a function of time. The physico-chemical properties of the treated media (seawater or ASM-1) were evaluated by their interaction with solvatochromic dyes and changes in pH, conductivity and temperature.

Results Coumarin 7 was found to be a marker for Nitric acidum 6cH and Isotherapic (R. raciborskii extract) 200cH in seawater (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p = 0.0015). Nile red was found to be a marker for Nitric acidum 200cH and Mercurius solubilis 30cH in ASM-1 (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.001). An increase in pH of ASM-1 and endothermic effects were observed after these treatments (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.0001). Seawater and ASM-1 to which potencies had been added were also subjected to a constant unidirectional 2,400 Gauss static magnetic field and found to have enhanced effects on the solvatochromic dyes tested.

Conclusion Homeopathic potencies were specifically traceable in aqueous media using solvatochromic dyes, especially when the samples were subjected to a magnetic field. Results from monitoring other physical parameters, such as pH and temperature, were less specific in relation to potency tracking. However, potency-induced endothermic effects might provide valuable thermodynamic data relating to the nature of potencies.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasizing to Oral Soft Tissues: Systematic Review
Authors: Prajapati Harnisha Vipulkumar , Shreevats Ruchira , Gupta Sonia , Sandhu Harman , Kaur Jaskirat , Kaur Jasmine
Published: May 2024

Background Renal cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Studies have been published analyzing the cases of metastatic tumors to the oral cavity by many researchers. Very few research studies have been conducted till date to analyze the renal cancer metastasis as the sole primary source to the oral soft tissues. The goal of this study was to examine the published cases of oral soft tissue metastasis from renal cell carcinoma as the only primary source from 1911 to 2022.

Materials and Methods An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research Gate databases, using mesh keywords like (“Renal cancer,” or “Renal carcinoma” or “Renal cell cancer” or “Renal cell carcinoma”), and (“Metastasis” or “Metastases”), and (“Oral soft tissues” or “Tongue” or “Palate” or “Tonsil” or “Buccal mucosa” or “Salivary glands”). We also searched related journals manually and the reference lists.

Results Our research revealed a total of 226 relevant articles with 250 patients. Parotid glands and tongue were the most common sites of metastasis. 23% patients died with a survival time of 10 days to 4 years.

Conclusions Oral soft tissue metastasis from renal cell carcinoma has a bad prognosis. More cases need to be published in order to raise awareness of these lesions.
Histopathological Evaluation of Pulp Reaction to Potassium Nitrate in Polycarboxylate Cement Compared with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Immature Dogs' Teeth
Authors: Sayed Moustafa Mohammed , Radad Khaled , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui , Elheeny Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Objective The vitality of the pulp and the formation of new dentin are important for the success of direct pulp capping (DPC). Accordingly, the present study aims to histologically evaluate the pulp reaction to potassium nitrate in polycarboxylate cement (KNO3/PCA) compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in immature dogs' teeth. DPC was done on 48 teeth in three dogs (16 for each dog, 8 for each material).

Materials and Methods After 2, 3, and 4 months, a dog was euthanized at each time interval. Capped teeth were extracted, demineralized, and processed for histopathological examination based on the presence of inflammation, granulation tissue, hard tissue, and dentin bridge.

Results Inflammatory changes were absent in both MTA- and KNO3/PCA-capped teeth at the three time intervals. The incidence of granulation tissue formation was higher in MTA- (75, 87.5, and 87.5%) than in KNO3/PCA-capped teeth (62.5, 75, and 75%) after 2, 3, and 4 months after DPC, respectively. Hard tissue was seen after 3 months of DPC with both MTA and KNO3/PCA. It was more evident in MTA-capped teeth with an incidence of 75 and 75%, and 12.5 and 25% in teeth capped with KNO3/PCA after 3 and 4 months, respectively. Dentin bridge was only noticed in MTA-capped teeth after 3 and 4 months intervals.

Conclusion Taken all together, pulpal responses in the form of granulation and hard tissues, and dentin bridge formation are more evident in MTA-capped teeth than those capped with KNO3/PCA in immature dogs.
Review of Pulmonary Manifestations in Antisynthetase Syndrome
Authors: Ghanbar Mohammad I. , Danoff Sonye K.
Published: May 2024

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) is now a widely recognized entity within the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Initially described in patients with a triad of myositis, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), its presentation can be diverse. Additional common symptoms experienced by patients with ASyS include Raynaud's phenomenon, mechanic's hand, and fever. Although there is a significant overlap with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, the key distinction lies in the presence of antisynthetase antibodies (ASAs). Up to 10 ASAs have been identified to correlate with a presentation of ASyS, each having manifestations that may slightly differ from others. Despite the proposal of three classification criteria to aid diagnosis, the heterogeneous nature of patient presentations poses challenges. ILD confers a significant burden in patients with ASyS, sometimes manifesting in isolation. Notably, ILD is also often the initial presentation of ASyS, requiring pulmonologists to remain vigilant for an accurate diagnosis. This article will comprehensively review the various aspects of ASyS, including disease presentation, diagnosis, management, and clinical course, with a primary focus on its pulmonary manifestations.
Inventive leadership styles and their impact for achieving sustainable development goals in education at secondary schools: a case study from Multan, Pakistan
Authors: Maqbool Samra , Zafeer Hafiz Muhammad Ihsan , Zeng Pingfei , Maqbool Sufyan , Draissi Zineb , Javed Saima
Published: May 2024

Globally, as we progress toward a more sustainable future, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) must be incorporated into various sectors, including education. This article explores the significant impact of inventive leadership styles on SDGs in education at the secondary school level in Pakistan. Based on this study, four hypotheses were developed using leadership variables such as empowerment of leadership, inspiring learners, resilient visions, and lead transformation. A quantitative survey method was utilized in this study. The researchers selected convenient sampling to collect data from 288 teachers, including heads of schools and administrators from 89 institutions. The data collection process included using a survey questionnaire to collect data on leadership styles and their relationship regarding SDGs within the field of education. In order to analyze the given data, two software programs were used, namely SPSS and Smart PLS 4.0. Several statistical methods were used to examine the collected data, such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), which were implemented to confirm the measurement model. Additionally, path analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings revealed that overall leadership styles have a great positive impact on SDGs in education. Based on results, it has been found that it would be beneficial if leaders/teachers enhance their struggle using inventive leadership styles for achieving SDGs, fostering transformative education, and ensuring that learners and societies benefit from a more equitable and resilient future. Additionally, the need for more resources, resistance to change, and a need for leaders’/teachers’ professional development have been identified as potential obstacles. To overcome these challenges, a collaborative approach among stakeholders, policy support, and innovative practices are recommended.
Exploring the resistance to e-health services in Nigeria: an integrative model based upon the theory of planned behavior and stimulus-organism-response
Authors: Fan Mingyue , Ezeudoka Brendan Chukwuemeka , Qalati Sikandar Ali
Published: May 2024

Despite the evident advantages of electronic health services (eHS), there is a noticeable opposition to their acceptance, which has raised a crucial question about why people, particularly in developing nations, oppose the acceptance of eHS. This study was designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the rigid opposition to eHS by integrating two theoretical models: the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. In our detailed survey, 543 respondents over 18 years old from various regions of Nigeria participated. We evaluated the proposed model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicated that lower health literacy was associated with a greater opposition to using eHS. In addition, communication and choice overload and perceived risk contributed to a negative attitude toward eHS. Subjective norms played a significant role in influencing the intention not to use eHS, which highlights social pressure’s effect. Further, a greater perception of behavioral control reduced the intention not to use eHS. Ultimately, the intention not to use eHS affected eHS rejection behavior significantly, which makes resistance to it a substantial problem. This research unveils factors that contribute to this behavior and provides insights for policymakers in the health field, with the goal to improve people’s acceptance of eHS. Further research is recommended in different geographical samples and contexts to gain a better understanding of the factors related to eHS rejection behavior.
Dependence of high-Z redeposition on the field-to-surface pitch angle and other sheath parameters in tokamaks
Authors: Easley D. C. , Diaw A. , Younkin T. R. , Donovan D. C. , Unterberg E. A. , Nichols J. H. , Johnson C. A. , Kumar A.
Published: May 2024

Accurately predicting redeposition is vital for high-Z plasma-facing component (PFC) survivability in magnetic confinement fusion. In this study, we categorize high-Z redeposition into three mechanisms: geometric-driven (prompt), sheath-driven (local), and scrape-off-layer-driven (far) redeposition. To investigate these mechanisms, we employ Monte Carlo transport codes to simulate azimuthally symmetric tungsten source erosion and redeposition in a tokamak. By iteratively analyzing critical parameters, we evaluate redeposition scaling for each mechanism. Specifically, we investigate the impact of magnetic-field-to-PFC pitch angle assumptions on PFC losses into the scrape-off layer. Our findings reveal significant pitch angle sensitivity due to an asymmetric prompt vs local redeposition trade-off. These results enhance our understanding of redeposition phenomena in fusion plasma environments.
Proteomics of human platelet lysates and insight from animal studies on platelet protein diffusion to hippocampus upon intranasal administration
Authors: Le Nhi Thao Ngoc , Han Chia-Li , Delila Liling , Nebie Ouada , Chien Hsin-Tung , Wu Yu-Wen , Buée Luc , Blum David , Burnouf Thierry
Published: May 2024

Human platelet lysates (HPLs) from allogeneic platelet concentrates (PCs) are biomaterials, which are rich in various trophic factors, increasingly used in regenerative medicine and biotherapy. Understanding how preparation methods influence the HPL protein profile, biological function, and clinical outcomes is crucial. Our study sheds light on the proteomes and functionality of different HPLs, with the aim of advancing their scientifically grounded clinical applications. To achieve this, PCs suspended in plasma underwent three distinct processing methods, resulting in seven HPL types. We used three characterization techniques: label-free proteomics and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, both before and after the immunodepletion of abundant plasma proteins. Bioinformatic tools assessed the proteome, and western blotting validated our quantitative proteomics data. Subsequent pre-clinical studies with fluorescent labeling and label-free proteomics were used as a proof of concept for brain diffusion. Our findings revealed 1441 proteins detected using the label-free method, 952 proteins from the TMT experiment before and after depletion, and 1114 proteins from the subsequent TMT experiment on depleted HPLs. Most detected proteins were cytoplasmic, playing key roles in catalysis, hemostasis, and immune responses. Notably, the processing methodologies significantly influenced HPL compositions, their canonical pathways, and, consequently, their functionality. Each HPL exhibited specific abundant proteins, providing valuable insight for tailored clinical applications. Immunoblotting results for selected proteins corroborated our quantitative proteomics data. The diffusion and differential effects to the hippocampus of a neuroprotective HPL administered intranasally to mice were demonstrated. This proteomics study advances our understanding of HPLs, suggesting ways to standardize and customize their production for better clinical efficacy in regenerative medicine and biotherapy. Proteomic analyses also offered objective evidence that HPPL, upon intranasal delivery, not only effectively diffuses to the hippocampus but also alters protein expression in mice, bolstering its potential as a treatment for memory impairments.
Achieving stationary high performance plasmas at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Langenberg A. , Warmer F. , Fuchert G. , Ford O. , Bozhenkov S. , Andreeva T. , Lazerson S. , Pablant N. A. , Gonda T. , Beurskens M. N. A. , Brunner K.-J. , Buttenschön B. , Dinklage A. , Hartmann D. , Knauer J. , Marchuk O. , Pasch E. , Reimold F. , Stange T. , Wegner Th. , Grulke O. , Wolf R. C. ,   W7-X Team
Published: May 2024

This work reports on recent results on the search for high performance plasma scenarios at the magnetically confined stellarator fusion device Wendelstein 7-X. In four new designed scenarios, the development from transient toward stationary plasmas of improved performance has been realized. In particular, a high performance duration of up to 5 s, an energy confinement time of 0.3 s, a diamagnetic energy of 1.1 MJ, a central ion temperature of 2.2 keV, and a fusion triple product of 3.4×1019m−3· keV · s have been achieved, and previously observed limitations of the machine have been overcome, regarding both the performance and its duration. The two main experimental techniques for stationary high performance are neutral beam injection core fueling on the one hand and the use of a magnetic field configuration with internal islands on the other hand. Two of the developed scenarios are expected to be extendable straightforward toward a duration of several tens of seconds, making use of the long pulse operation capabilities of W7-X.
Lattice thermal conductivity of solid LiF based on machine learning force fields and the Green–Kubo approach
Authors: Li Si-xuan , Fan Di , Wang Jia-chen , Chen Wen-qian , Song Hong-zhou , Lu Yong
Published: May 2024

Obtaining accurate lattice thermal conductivity data of LiF under extreme conditions not only provides important reference for performance evaluation, prediction, and control of materials, but also helps to alleviate the significant challenges of precise experimental measurements. The high-temperature phonon properties and lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of solid LiF were calculated by combining on-the-fly machine learning force fields (MLFFs) with the Green–Kubo method. The introduction of MLFF successfully combines the accuracy of ab initio molecular dynamics with the scalability advantage of classical molecular dynamics. At high temperatures, there is a significant enhancement in the vibrational coupling between the acoustic and optical branches of LiF, as well as resonant effects between Li and F atoms, resulting in strong anharmonicity. Additionally, the main peak of the phonon density of states shows a noticeable redshift compared to the harmonic case. The enhanced coupling of TO and TA modes at high temperature leads to a significant increase in phonon scattering rate. By considering higher-order phonon anharmonicity, the predicted LTC is significantly reduced compared to the results obtained from considering only three-phonon interactions. Along the Hugoniot curve up to 100 GPa (2150 K), the predicted LTC agrees well with the experimental values. These findings demonstrate the crucial role of phonon anharmonicity in promoting phonon scattering.
A model of electron beam neutralization for gyrotron simulations
Authors: Sieben Leif , Pagonakis Ioannis Gr. , Genoud Jérémy , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Barnes Alexander B.
Published: May 2024

A numerical model is presented to describe the electron beam neutralization during long-pulse and continuous-wave operation in gyrotrons. This model has been implemented in the electrostatic, self-consistent electron optics code Ariadne. Using this model, the electron beam parameters in the cavity could be determined as a function of the level of neutralization. The electron beam was shown to be partially neutralized in the cavity, and the effect of neutralization on the beam properties was investigated for a cylindrical gyrotron. This study was extended to a coaxial cavity gyrotron, identifying two ion trapping regimes, which only had a minor impact on the beam parameters.
Zero-magnetic-field operation of ordinary-Nernst-effect-based transverse thermoelectric module using embedded permanent magnets
Authors: Murata Masayuki , Hirai Takamasa , Seki Takeshi , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: May 2024

The ordinary Nernst effect enables large transverse thermoelectric conversion in semimetals, but its operation requires the application of an external magnetic field. In this study, we propose a transverse thermoelectric conversion module structure with embedded permanent magnets and demonstrate thermoelectric power generation by the ordinary Nernst effect in the absence of an external magnetic field. In our prototype module comprising alternately stacked Bi88Sb12 slabs and Nd2Fe14B-type permanent magnets, the stray magnetic field generated by the remanent magnetization of the Nd2Fe14B-type magnets is always applied to the Bi88Sb12 slabs, and a power of 13.2 μW is generated due to the ordinary Nernst effect at a temperature difference of 120 K and average temperature of 260 K at zero external field. This thermoelectric module concept will contribute to the further development of transverse thermoelectric conversion technologies utilizing permanent magnets.
Monolithic integrated superconducting nanowire digital encoder
Authors: Huang Yang-Hui , Zhao Qing-Yuan , Hao Hao , Liu Nai-Tao , Liu Zhen , Deng Jie , Yang Fan , Ru Sai-Ying , Tu Xue-Cou , Zhang La-Bao , Jia Xiao-Qing , Chen Jian , Kang Lin , Wu Pei-Heng
Published: May 2024

Superconducting digital circuits are promising technologies that can overcome bottlenecks in both classical and quantum computation due to their ultra-high operation speed and extremely low power dissipation. Superconducting nanowire cryotrons (nTrons) are emerging as one type of superconductor switching devices, offering advantages complementary to conventional Josephson junctions. Achieving monolithic integration of a reasonable number of nTrons into a functional digital circuit is a crucial step to extend its application. In this study, we constructed a monolithic integrated nTron-based binary encoder, which includes input fanout circuits, on-chip biasing, combinational logic routing and multi-gate nTrons. This represents a monolithic nTron digital circuit comprising 137 nTron gates, 424 resistors, 274 inductors, and 164 vias developed using a two-superconducting-layer fabrication process. The performance of this monolithic nTron encoder surpasses that of our previously demonstrated circuit with discrete nTron components. The maximum bias margin is 28% for the fanout circuit and 60% for the multi-gate nTron when using a signal generator, while the minimum timing jitter is 40 ps. The total power dissipation mainly from biasing resistors is 19.6 μW, making it more power efficient than RSFQ encoders. The encoder is then packaged and connected with a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array for demonstrating its function of addressing pixel locations. Compared to the conventional readout, the nTron encoder shows a minimum readout error rate lower than 10−4 and reduces the readout RF lines from 15 to 4. The design and fabrication technologies could enrich integrated nTron digital circuits beyond current limits and promote their applications in classical and quantum systems.
Influence of the tip speed ratio on the wake dynamics and recovery of axial-flow turbines
Authors: Posa Antonio , Viola Ignazio Maria , Broglia Riccardo
Published: May 2024

Detached eddy simulation is employed to investigate the wake development downstream of the rotor of an axial-flow turbine and its dependence on the tip speed ratio. In this study, we found that the trend of the momentum deficit as a function of the rotational speed shows opposite directions in the near wake and further downstream. While the momentum deficit in the near wake increases with the rotational speed, it decreases further downstream. For instance, we found that at six diameters downstream of the rotor the streamwise velocity in its wake recovered to about 30% of its free-stream value at the lowest simulated tip speed ratio of 4, while its recovery was equal to about 65% at the largest tip speed ratio of 10. This is due to the earlier breakdown of the tip vortices. The results of the computations demonstrate indeed that mutual inductance phenomena between tip vortices, promoting pairing events and the eventual instability of the helical structures, occur at shorter downstream distances for higher values of tip speed ratio. Wake instability enhances the process of wake recovery, especially due to radial advection. Therefore, higher rotational speeds do not promote wake recovery through more intense tip vortices, but through their greater instability. Implications are important, affecting the optimal distance between rows of axial-flow turbines in array configurations: the operation at higher rotational speeds allows for smaller distances between turbines, decreasing the cost and environmental impact of farms consisting of several devices.
Partnering with consumers and practising clinicians to establish research priorities for public hospital maternity services
Authors: Cole Roni , Kearney Lauren , Jenkinson Bec , Kettle Imogen , Ng Beng , Callaway Leonie , Nugent Rachael
Published: May 2024

Objective An innovative approach by two Queensland health services was taken to establish a shared maternity services’ research agenda by partnering with consumers and clinicians. The objective was to set the top five research priorities to ensure that the future direction of maternity research was relevant to end-user and organisational needs. Methods A modified James Lind Alliance (JLA) methodology was applied between August 2022 and February 2023 across two south-east Queensland Health Services which included five participating maternity units and involved partnership with consumers, healthcare professionals and clinician researchers. The reporting guideline for priority setting of health research (REPRISE) was followed. Results There were 192 respondents to the initial harvesting survey, generating 461 research suggestions. These were aggregated into 122 unique questions and further summarised into a list of 44 research questions. The 157 eligible interim prioritisation survey respondents short-listed 27 questions ready for ranking at a final consensus workshop. The top five question themes were: (1) maternity care experience, engagement and outcomes of priority populations; (2) increasing spontaneous vaginal birth; (3) experiences and perceptions of woman/person-centred care; (4) best practice care during the ‘fourth’ trimester; and (5) antibiotic use during labour and birth. Conclusion Applying an adapted JLA framework can successfully shape and establish a research agenda within Australian health services, through partnership with consumers and practicing clinicians. This is a transparent process that strengthens the legitimacy and credibility of research agendas, and it can form a replicable framework for other settings.
Residential mobility and persistently depressed voting among disadvantaged adults in a large housing experiment
Authors: Knight David Jonathan , Zhang Baobao
Published: May 2024

This study examines the impact of residential mobility on electoral participation among the poor by matching data from Moving to Opportunity, a US-based multicity housing-mobility experiment, with nationwide individual voter data. Nearly all participants in the experiment were Black and Hispanic families who originally lived in high-poverty public housing developments. Notably, the study finds that receiving a housing voucher to move to a low-poverty neighborhood decreased adult participants’ voter participation for nearly two decades—a negative impact equal to or outpacing that of the most effective get-out-the-vote campaigns in absolute magnitude. This finding has important implications for understanding residential mobility as a long-run depressant of voter turnout among extremely low-income adults.
Simultaneous targeting of peripheral and brain tumors with a therapeutic nanoparticle to disrupt metabolic adaptability at both sites
Authors: Ashokan Akash , Sarkar Shrita , Kamran Mohammad Z. , Surnar Bapurao , Kalathil Akil A. , Spencer Alexis , Dhar Shanta
Published: May 2024

Brain metastasis of advanced breast cancer often results in deleterious consequences. Metastases to the brain lead to significant challenges in treatment options, as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents conventional therapy. Thus, we hypothesized that creation of a nanoparticle (NP) that distributes to both primary tumor site and across the BBB for secondary brain tumor can be extremely beneficial. Here, we report a simple targeting strategy to attack both the primary breast and secondary brain tumors utilizing a single NP platform. The nature of these mitochondrion-targeted, BBB-penetrating NPs allow for simultaneous targeting and drug delivery to the hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane of the extracranial primary tumor site in addition to tumors at the brain. By utilizing a combination of such dual anatomical distributing NPs loaded with therapeutics, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept idea to combat the increased metabolic plasticity of brain metastases by lowering two major energy sources, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By utilizing complementary studies and genomic analyses, we demonstrate the utility of a chemotherapeutic prodrug to decrease OXPHOS and glycolysis by pairing with a NP loaded with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 inhibitor. Decreasing glycolysis aims to combat the metabolic flexibility of both primary and secondary tumors for therapeutic outcome. We also address the in vivo safety parameters by addressing peripheral neuropathy and neurobehavior outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that this combination therapeutic approach utilizes mitochondrial genome targeting strategy to overcome DNA repair–based chemoresistance mechanisms.
Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high-affinity T cell clones
Authors: Smith Jennifer A. , Yuen Benjamin T. K. , Purtha Whitney , Balolong Jared M. , Phipps Jonah D. , Crawford Frances , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Kappler John W. , Anderson Mark S.
Published: May 2024

Insulin is a central autoantigen in the pathogenesis of T1D, and thymic epithelial cell expression of insulin under the control of the Autoimmune Regulator (
Aire
) is thought to be a key component of maintaining tolerance to insulin. In spite of this general working model, direct detection of this thymic selection on insulin-specific T cells has been somewhat elusive. Here, we used a combination of highly sensitive T cell receptor transgenic models for detecting thymic selection and sorting and sequencing of Insulin-specific CD4+ T cells from Aire-deficient mice as a strategy to further define their selection. This analysis revealed a number of unique t cell receptor (TCR) clones in Aire-deficient hosts with high affinity for insulin/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands. We then modeled the thymic selection of one of these clones in Aire-deficient versus wild-type hosts and found that this model clone could escape thymic negative selection in the absence of thymic Aire. Together, these results suggest that thymic expression of insulin plays a key role in trimming and removing high-affinity insulin-specific T cells from the repertoire to help promote tolerance.
Vaccinia virus subverts xenophagy through phosphorylation and nuclear targeting of p62
Authors: Krause Melanie , Samolej Jerzy , Yakimovich Artur , Kriston-Vizi Janos , Huttunen Moona , Lara-Reyna Samuel , Frickel Eva-Maria , Mercer Jason
Published: May 2024

Autophagy is an essential degradation program required for cell homeostasis. Among its functions is the engulfment and destruction of cytosolic pathogens, termed xenophagy. Not surprisingly, many pathogens use various strategies to circumvent or co-opt autophagic degradation. For poxviruses, it is known that infection activates autophagy, which however is not required for successful replication. Even though these complex viruses replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm, autophagy-mediated control of poxvirus infection has not been extensively explored. Using the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), we show that overexpression of the xenophagy receptors p62, NDP52, and Tax1Bp1 restricts poxvirus infection. While NDP52 and Tax1Bp1 were degraded, p62 initially targeted cytoplasmic virions before being shunted to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of p62 was dependent upon p62 NLS2 and correlated with VACV kinase mediated phosphorylation of p62 T269/S272. This suggests that VACV targets p62 during the early stages of infection to avoid destruction and further implies that poxviruses exhibit multi-layered control of autophagy to facilitate cytoplasmic replication.
Theoretical study on the effective thermal conductivity of silica aerogels based on a cross-aligned and cubic pore model
Authors: Zheng 郑 Kuncan 坤灿 , Li 李 Zhendong 震东 , Cao 曹 Yutong 豫通 , Liu 刘 Ben 犇 , Hu 胡 Junlei 君磊
Published: May 2024

Aerogel nanoporous materials possess high porosity, high specific surface area, and extremely low density due to their unique nanoscale network structure. Moreover, their effective thermal conductivity is very low, making them a new type of lightweight and highly efficient nanoscale super-insulating material. However, prediction of their effective thermal conductivity is challenging due to their uneven pore size distribution. To investigate the internal heat transfer mechanism of aerogel nanoporous materials, this study constructed a cross-aligned and cubic pore model (CACPM) based on the actual pore arrangement of SiO2 aerogel. Based on the established CACPM, the effective thermal conductivity expression for the aerogel was derived by simultaneously considering gas-phase heat conduction, solid-phase heat conduction, and radiative heat transfer. The derived expression was then compared with available experimental data and the Wei structure model. The results indicate that, according to the model established in this study for the derived thermal conductivity formula of silica aerogel, for powdery silica aerogel under the conditions of T = 298 K, a
2 = 0.85, D
1 = 90 μm, ρ = 128 kg/m3, within the pressure range of 0–105 Pa, the average deviation between the calculated values and experimental values is 10.51%. In the pressure range of 103–104 Pa, the deviation between calculated values and experimental values is within 4%. Under these conditions, the model has certain reference value in engineering verification. This study also makes a certain contribution to the research of aerogel thermal conductivity heat transfer models and calculation formulae.
Enhanced picosecond terahertz wave generation based on cascade effects in a terahertz parametric generator
Authors: Zhang 张 Jingxi 敬喜 , Wang 王 Yuye 与烨 , Xu 徐 Bingfeng 炳烽 , Chen 陈 Kai 锴 , Liu 刘 Zikun 紫鲲 , Ma 马 Hongru 鸿儒 , Xu 徐 Degang 德刚 , Yao 姚 Jianquan 建铨
Published: May 2024

Enhanced terahertz wave generation via a Stokes cascade process has been demonstrated using picosecond pulse pumped terahertz parametric generation at 1 kHz repetition rate. Clear cascade saturation of terahertz output was observed, and the corresponding cascade-Stokes spectra were analyzed. The maximum terahertz wave average power was 22 μW under a pump power of 30 W, whereas the maximum power conversion efficiency was 8 × 10−7 under a pump power of 21 W. The THz power fluctuation was measured to be about 1% in 20 min. This THz parametric source with a relatively stable output is suitable for a variety of practical applications.
Spatial covariant gravity with two degrees of freedom in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field: Perturbation analysis*
Authors: Wang 王 Zhi-Chao 志超 , Gao 高 Xian 显
Published: May 2024

We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance, termed spatially covariant gravity, in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field. We examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar degrees of freedom, allowing only two tensorial degrees of freedom to propagate. Instead of strict constraint analysis, in this paper, we employ the perturbation method and focus on the necessary conditions to evade the scalar mode at the linear order in perturbations around a cosmological background. Beginning with a general action and solving the auxiliary perturbation variables in terms of a would-be dynamical scalar mode, we derive the condition to remove its kinetic term, thus ensuring that no scalar mode propagates. As an application of the general condition, we study a polynomial-type Lagrangian as a concrete example, in which all monomials are spatially covariant scalars containing two derivatives. We find that the auxiliary scalar field is essential, and new terms in the Lagrangian are allowed. Our analysis provides insights into constructing gravity theories with two degrees of freedom in the extended framework of spatially covariant gravity.
Optical Extinctions of Inter-Arm Molecular Clouds in M31: A Pilot Study for the Upcoming CSST Observations
Authors: Chen Cailing , Zheng Zheng , Tsai Chao-Wei , Jiao Sihan , Tang Jing , Wu Jingwen , Li Di , Zheng Yun , Feng Linjing , Yang Yujiao , Liang Yuan
Published: May 2024

Recent submillimeter dust thermal emission observations have unveiled a significant number of inter-arm massive molecular clouds in M31. However, the effectiveness of this technique is limited to its sensitivity, making it challenging to study more distant galaxies. This study introduces an alternative approach, utilizing optical extinctions derived from space-based telescopes, with a focus on the forthcoming China Space Station Telescope (CSST). We first demonstrate the capability of this method by constructing dust extinction maps for 17 inter-arm massive molecular clouds in M31 using the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury data. Our analysis reveals that inter-arm massive molecular clouds with an optical extinction (A
V) greater than 1.6 mag exhibit a notable A
V excess, facilitating their identification. The majority of these inter-arm massive molecular clouds show an A
V around 1 mag, aligning with measurements from our JCMT data. Further validation using a mock CSST RGB star catalog confirms the method’s effectiveness. We show that the derived A
V values using CSST z and y photometries align more closely with the input values. Molecular clouds with A
V > 1.6 mag can also be identified using the CSST mock data. We thus claim that future CSST observation clouds provide an effective way for the detection of inter-arm massive molecular clouds with significant optical extinction in nearby galaxies.
TiO2, CNTs, and SiO2 nanolubricant: An approach to improving the efficiency of a domestic refrigerator
Authors: Madyira D.M , Babarinde T.O
Published: May 2024

To enhance a home refrigerator’s refrigeration system’s performance, three types of nanoparticles (TiO2, CNTs, and SiO2) were used to produce nanolubricants. The experiments were conducted with different charges of 50 and 60 g for R600a refrigerants, which a digital charging scale was used to measure. The inlet and exit temperature of the system’s components were measured using K-type thermocouples. The system was outfitted with two pressure gauges for measuring the pressures at suction and discharge. The obtained results show the system’s COP increases with nanolubricant-enhanced refrigerants, with the power of the based lubricant, TiO2, CNTs, and SiO2 nanolubricant being 0.0821, 0.0612, 0.0673, and 0.0702 kW, respectively. Therefore, nano-enhanced refrigerant can successfully replace R600a in the based lubricant in domestic refrigerators.