bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of Nanostructured WC-12Co Coatings Sprayed by HVOF
Authors: Zhao H. , Ding Z. , Zhang Y. , Wang Q.
Published: September 2022

In the present paper, nanostructured, multimodal and conventional WC-12Co cermet coatings were deposited by HVOF and the properties and structures of the coatings such as microhardness, microstructure, phase composition and wear resistance were compared. Finally the wear failure mechanisms of WC-12Co coatings were explored by XRD and SEM analysis. Research results show that microstructures of nanostructured and multimodal WC-12Co coatings deposited by HVOF are dense with little porosity, and their microhardness values are obviously higher than conventional WC-12Co coating. As well, it was found that nanostructured and multimodal WC-12Co coatings exhibited better erosion and adhesive wear resistance in comparison with conventional coating, and nanostructured WC-12Co coatings possessed the best erosion resistance properties at large impact angles and adhesive wear resistance. At small impact angles, WC-12Co coatings deposited by HVOF demonstrate better erosion wear resistance than at large impact angles and the erosion wear performance at 30º is more than 1.7 times higher than at 90º. In comparison with conventional WC-12Co HVOF sprayed coating, the adhesive wear resistance of the nanostructured and multimodal coatings is respectively enhanced by above 70% and 50%. Testing results also show that although decarburization of WC occurred during spraying multimodal and nanostructured WC-12Co powders, the decarburization of WC for the nanostructured powder was more severe.
Spheroidization of Bioceramic Powders in a Radio Frequency Plasma
Authors: Xu J.L. , Khor K.A. , Kumar R.
Published: September 2022

Inductively coupled radio frequency (RF) plasma spraying, powered by high-frequency oscillating electrical current, performed an important role in fine powder manufacture. It was used in the present study to prepare fine spherical bioceramic powders of hydroxyapatite (HA) whose chemical composition similar to those of natural bone. The as-sprayed powders consisted of both micron-sized spherical particles and nano-sized particles. In addition to the spheroidization effect, rf plasma treatment led to the decomposition of HA into secondary calcium phosphate phases including tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and calcium oxide (CaO). The microstructure investigation showed that the spheroidized particles were either fully dense or hollow structure with a shell. The reason for the formation of hollow spheres was contributed to the higher density of the solidifying surface layer compared with the molten phase during solidification.
Evaluation of Residual Stress for Plasma-Sprayed Plate Using Deflection Measurement
Authors: Itoh Y. , Suyama S.
Published: September 2022

The evaluation of residual stress distributions of a thermal sprayed plate is an important problem from the viewpoint of preventing the cracking and/or delamination of coatings. Though the well-known method for estimating the residual stress has been widely used based on Stoney’s type equations, the accuracy of estimation has not always been made clear. In this paper, accurate estimation of residual stresses of coated components using finite element analysis was implemented and polynomial expression of the relationship between residual stress and deflection is proposed. It was confirmed that the residual stress estimated by the newly proposed equation was in good agreement with the experimental results measured by X-ray diffraction method in case of a CoNiCrAlY coating applied on an IN738LC substrate using plasma spraying in air atmosphere.
Influence of Oxidation Phenomenon on Tribological Behaviour of Plasma Spray Coating
Authors: Stihle A. , Liao H. , Planche M.P. , Coddet C. , Kenzari S.
Published: September 2022

The friction behaviour of steel coating deposited on aluminium using a plasma spray process was investigated in this study. Various parameters and spraying atmospheres were varied for forming different coating microstructures, phases and density values. Addition of oxide phase is known to enhance the friction behaviour and wear resistance. In order to see the friction behaviour of steel coating without oxide, deposition was performed with a shroud that maintained inert gas condition around the plasma. Deposition was also performed under oxygen in order to maximize the oxidation. It is found that coatings contain steel and oxides (FeO, Fe3O4). Tribological tests were performed using a ball on disc configuration with a steel ball and WC/Co ball. The coating friction behaviours are completely different for different balls. The worn surface and the ball were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The present study focuses on the relationship between the iron oxide formed or not during spaying, the injection parameters into the plasma jet and the microstructural characteristics and the tribological behaviour of the resulting coatings.
Effect of Powder Injection Location on Ceramic Coatings Properties When Using Plasma Spray
Authors: An L.T. , Gao Y.
Published: September 2022

The effect of powder injecting location of the plasma spraying on spraying properties was studied. Three different powder injecting methods were applied in the experiment. In the first method, the particles were axially injected into the plasma flow from the cathode tip. In the second method, the particles were radially injected into the plasma flow just downstream of the anode arc root inside the anode nozzle. In the third method, the particles were radially injected into the plasma jet at the nozzle exit. The alumina particles with a mean diameter of 20µm were used to deposit coatings. Spraying properties such as the deposition efficiency, the melting rate of the powder particles, and the coating quality were investigated. The results show that the spraying with axial particle injecting can heat and melt the powder particles more effectively, produce coatings with better quality, and have higher deposition efficiency.
Effect of Plasma Spraying Process on Microstructure and Microhardness of Titanium Alloy Substrate
Authors: Zhou H. , Li F. , He B. , Wang J. , Sun B.
Published: September 2022

High temperature titanium alloys are considered as good candidate materials for many aerospace applications. In order to increase the usable temperatures and oxidation resistance of titanium alloys, plasma spraying thermal barrier coatings on the titanium alloys is considered as an effective method. The effect of plasma spraying process on microstructure and microhardness of the titanium alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion analytical X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness test. The results show that the microstructure of the titanium alloy inside the substrate keeps unchanged after plasma spraying, and no interaction and atomic diffusion happen evidently at the bond coat/substrate interface. However there exists a thin layer of plastic deformation zone in the substrate beneath the bond coat/substrate interface after plasma spraying. The residual stresses are induced inside the titanium alloy due to the thermal expansion mismatch and the temperature gradient inside the substrate during plasma spraying, and lead to generating microcracks in the surface beneath the bond coat/substrate interface and the increase of microhardness in the substrate.
Research Progress and Prospects of Thermally Sprayed Functionally Gradient Materials
Authors: Hou P.J. , Wang H.G. , Zha B.L. , Yuan X.J. , Jiang L.
Published: September 2022

The concept, development background and the present applications of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) are introduced. Some spraying methods to fabricate FGM coatings, such as plasma spraying, flame spraying, high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying and detonation flame spraying are reviewed. The research emphases and prospects of the technologies are put forward.
Flame-Sprayed Glaze Coatings: Structure and Some Properties
Authors: Arcondéguy A. , Pateyron B. , Grimaud A. , Montavon G. , Denoirjean A. , Gasgnier G. , Huguet C.
Published: September 2022

Many substrates do not sustain the conventional glazing process (i.e., vitreous glazing) due to the relatively high temperature required by this treatment (i.e., up to 1400 °C in some cases) to fuse glazes after their application on the surface to be covered. Thermal spraying could appear as a solution to circumvent this limitation and to avoid the thermal decomposition of the substrates. This contribution describes some structural attributes of glaze coatings manufactured by flame spraying. It also discusses the influence of the feedstock powder morphology and some of its physical properties on the coating characteristics.
Novel Hybrid Coatings
Authors: Bamola R. , Gilpin L. , Sickinger A. , Cano K.
Published: September 2022

In order to address deficiencies in thermal spray coatings applied using air plasma spraying (APS) and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), namely, adhesion, cohesion, porosity and line of sight limitations, novel hybrid coatings using post - thermal spray chemical vapor deposition via the pack cementation process were developed. Coatings based on tungsten carbide-cobalt chrome and chrome carbide-nickel chrome followed by boron or chrome diffusion were applied to multistage and single stage pump components for severe service applications in sand and alumina catalyst. Field testing established the effectiveness of using the dual coating approach.
Hot Corrosion Resistant Laser Coatings in Diesel Engine
Authors: Touminen J. , Honkanen M. , Uusitalo M. , Ahmaniemi S. , Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T.
Published: September 2022

Hot corrosion tests have been conducted on Ni- and Cr-based laser coatings, a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed coating and various wrought alloys covered with a synthetic salt of Na2SO4-V2O5 and exposed at 650°C for 1000 h in air. Coating microstructures and reaction product layers were analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The hot corrosion resistance of tested specimen was evaluated by measuring its mean thickness loss. Generally, wrought alloys, HVOF coating and Cr-based laser coatings suffered from selective corrosion beneath salt film, that is, distinct Cr-depleted layer was formed at alloy/salt interface. Cr-based laser coatings exhibited extended solid solubility and they transformed towards equilibrium condition. Cr-rich phases enriched further with Cr and they were prone to corrosion. Low diluted laser coatings and HVOF coating were more resistant to hot corrosion than commonly used industrial standard alloy, Nimonic 80A. Ni-based laser coating exhibited resistance equivalent to Cr-based coatings and superior to corresponding wrought alloy.
Oxidation Behavior of HVOF-sprayed ODS-Fe40Al Coatings at 900°C
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Cinca N. , Dosta S. , Lima C.R.C.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the oxidation performance of two different iron aluminide coatings obtained by means of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel spraying starting from the same feedstock powder but using propylene and hydrogen as fuels. The isothermal oxidation tests were carried out at 900°C for 4, 36 and 72 hours. After detailed observation a more rapid oxide scale growth is obtained for that coating obtained under hydrogen conditions. It leads to the assertion that propylene-coatings would perform better under high temperature environments.
Thermal Spraying of FeB Coatings Containing h-BN Solid Lubricant
Authors: Ozdemir I. , Grund T. , Wielage B. , Tsunekawa Y.
Published: September 2022

The crushed and rounded ferroboron (FeB) powders of Fe-18.8B-0.2C-0.5Si-0.8Al (wt %) were deposited onto an aluminum substrate by thermal spraying methods to improve its tribological properties. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powders which have excellent lubricating properties like graphite were incorporated to the iron boride powders as solid lubricant by sintering process and high energy ball milling technique which allows homogeneous distribution of solid lubricants in a hard metallic matrix to obtain protective coatings with low friction coefficient. As-sprayed coatings are composed of mainly h-BN and FeB, iron matrix supersaturated with boron owing to the rapid solidification of molten droplets flattened on a substrate. The friction and wear behaviors of each coating were evaluated using ring-on-disk type wear tester under paraffin base oil condition in air atmosphere. Preliminary results revealed that iron boride powder with h-BN powder (5 wt.%) is an applicable method to produce a protective composite coating against friction and wear.
Studies of the influence of the composition of the CHM on the properties of the casting
Authors:   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Isagulov A.Z. , Kulikov V.Y. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Кvon S.S. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Michot G. , Alina A.A. ,   Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University
Published: September 2022

The quality of the finished casting is largely determined by the quality of the mold. Currently, there are a large number of variations in the composition of CHM (cold hardening mixes), differing both in the nature of the main component and in the nature and ratio of binders and other technological additives. As cleaning dust has a very developed surface due to technological reasons. According to various estimates, the specific surface area of gas cleaning dust is from 8, 000 cm2/g and higher. In order to verify this assumption, studies were conducted on the effect of the composition of the mixture using SCF (sand-clay forms), on some of its properties. In conclusion, the conducted studies have shown that in order to ensure the maximum performance of the technological properties of CHM, the optimal content of SCF in the mixture should be 2.0 - 10.0 wt.% in the ratio with orthophosphoric acid is not higher than 1.25.
Elaboración y abordaje de un protocolo de investigación, en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud
Authors:   Hospital General Chiapas nos une ", Ruiz Balbuena Fernando ,   Dr. Jesús Gilberto Gómez Maza",   , Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Published: September 2022

Este artículo presenta los lineamientos que deben ser considerados por estudiantes o profesionales de la salud, interesados en incursionar en el ámbito de la investigación; pretende unificar y homogeneizar los criterios para la elaboración adecuada de un protocolo. La información aquí vertida, responde a la motivación por proporcionar las herramientas necesarias para documentar los trabajos y ayudar a prevenir errores metodológicos. Un protocolo, describe lo que el investigador se propone estudiar (fase de planeación). Se trata de un documento que orienta al investigador u otros investigadores. Precisa todos los pasos a seguir para abordar la fase de ejecución del estudio y describe los métodos y modelos de análisis de datos que se deberán ejecutar. El protocolo debe tener básicamente los siguientes apartados: planteamiento del problema, justificación, fundamento teórico, los objetivos (generales y específicos), la metodología, presupuesto y cronograma. Un protocolo pertinente y adecuadamente elaborado, puede representar una fuente de financiamiento. Palabras clave: Protocolo, investigación, diseño.
THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES IN CHINA’S CURRENT POLICY
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russia, GORBATKO Anastasia A.
Published: September 2022

The paper examines the dynamics in relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the South Pacific small island states collectively referred to as Pacific island countries (PICs). The specificity of current China’s policy is revealed, the reasons for concern from the PIC perspective are outlined, the aftereffects of the on-going political and security initiatives – the Indo-Pacific Region, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) and the pact between Australia, the US and the United Kingdom (AUKUS) – on the regional milieu and the PICs are scrutinized. The author argues that although selected aspects of China’s policy is encountering criticism across the region, Beijing outperforms Canberra and Washington. The main reason is predetermined by China’s ability to address the PICs non-traditional security concerns and infrastructure needs, while the policies of Australia and the US are deteriorating the regional milieu, much to the PIC’s disadvantage.
A CHINESE RESEARCHER ON THE EVOLUTION OF ASIA-PACIFIC SECURITY CHALLENGES AFTER THE COLD WAR
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow, Russia, LIU Xingtao
Published: September 2022

After the Cold War, expectations about economic cooperation as an effective mechanism to cope political contradictions became widespread in the Asia-Pacific expert and political community. As three decades have passed, evidently, this scenario has not materialized. The article focuses on the evolution of main economic trends in the Asia-Pacific region as a key macro-factor that influences on regional security. In addition, it reveals the transformation of main regional challenges, as well as how the project Indo-Pacific region may potentially shape them. The author argues that in the contemporary world, due to China’s rise to global economic, political and security prominence with implications for the Asia-Pacific region, a greater coordination of the regional multilateral projects and initiatives of cooperation with China, compared to what has been to date, is necessary.
INDIAN-THAI TRADE RELATIONS: A VIEW FROM INDIA
Authors:   IMEMO RAS, Moscow, Russia, BRAGINA Elena A.
Published: September 2022

Neighboring countries India and Thailand, different in territory, population and GDP, are not the main partners for each other in mutual trade, only 1.5–3.1% in the total exports of each of them. However, both countries consider it important to develop trade with their neighboring countries and see mutual interests in many of its positions. India has signed common free trade agreement with ASEAN and regional free trade agreement with Thailand. The article presents an analysis of the development of exports / imports of India and Thailand in 2011-2021, the main commodity flows are presented. The article also noted the aspects of export/import of commercial services representing almost half of the volume of foreign trade are considered, also noted the rapidly expanding e-commerce in volume.
HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN-PHILIPPINE RELATIONS
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), PANARINA Daria S.
Published: September 2022

The article highlights the history of Russia as a donor of humanitarian aid and development assistance on the world stage, primarily in the post-Soviet period, the issue of treating Russia as a donor in the world community. In addition, the author touches upon several cases of Russian humanitarian assistance to the Philippines over the past decade (between 2012 and 2018). And finally, the article talks about Russia's contribution to the aftermath and fight against the coronavirus pandemic in different countries of the world, including the Philippines, as part of the provision of humanitarian assistance in emergency situations.
AUKUS AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC: FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), GARIN Artyom A.
Published: September 2022

The United States, the UK and Australia continue to enhance defence cooperation in the dual space of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These powers announced the establishing of a trilateral security pact AUKUS on September 15, 2021. The U.S. will transfer nuclear submarine technology to Australia but the nature of AUKUS implies a broader technological interaction between the parties. Despite the Anglosphere's attempts to indicate that their actions aren't directed against any power, all their actions reveal intensifying rivalry with the People's Republic of China (PRC). This article examines the nature of AUKUS and the reasons for its appearance. Special attention is paid to the influence of the alliance on the Fifth Continent's defense capabilities and its domestic policy dimension. At the same time, the author analyzes the impact of AUKUS on Australia's relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and Oceania.
MONOCHORD ĐÀN BẦU AMONG THE JING PEOPLE: A CONTESTED CROSS-BORDER HERITAGE AND THE INVENTION OF A TRADITION
Authors:   HSE University, St. Perersburg, Russia, STARIKOVA Ekaterina O.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the controversial situation around the Vietnamese monochord đàn bầu (duxianqin), which is common in the PRC among the Jing people. The proclamation of đàn bầu as an intangible cultural heritage in the PRC and its’ representation as an element of China’s multiethnic culture are causing tension in Vietnam. In 2019 Vi-etnam submitted a dossier to UNESCO to include the đàn bầu in the List of Masterpieces of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and this step was made because of concerns that China might “appropriate” Vietnamese cultural heritage.
Parents and Student-Athletes: The Propensity to Underestimate the Importance of Social Factors for Sports Performance
Authors: Talha Muhammad , Ali Hafiz Shamshad , Nazeer Muhammad Tahir
Published: September 2022

Recent investigative studies reveal that social support and parental behavior are protective against poor performance, and positive involvement is compatible with better performance. The current research investigates insights into the contribution of parental involvement to student-athletes. Student-athletes from different colleges of the district (N=202) completed a survey on an adopted questionnaire with the permission of Prof. Dr Craig Williams, assessing the perceived importance of parental behavior with student-athlete. Participants reported positively moderate to higher levels of relationship between parent's behavior and sports activity with r=.374 and a p-value less than 0.01, representing positive-relationship between parents' behavior and sports activity. The regression model also indicates the same, with an unstandardized coefficient for parent's involvement B=.326, parent's behavior B=.089and significance level less than 0.05. This research points to a range of challenges provoking those who seek to promote a greater understanding of the significance of social factors for higher sports performances.
Managing Group Work in the Social Studies Classrooms in Elite Schools: An Analysis of Teacher's Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Hani Umm-e- , Muhammad Yaar , Mahmood Aisha
Published: September 2022

Teaching students and managing their performances is a challenging task, and there are several ways to manage them. When students are grouped, their performance is much more fruitful and productive, but managing them is difficult. This research aims to find social studies teacher perspectives regarding managing group work in the elite school classroom. This study incorporated a qualitative phenomenological research design to explore social studies teachers' challenges when managing group work in their class. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from elite school social studies teachers.Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the beliefs of elite school teachers regarding group work.The study's findings suggest that group work is a general and rich approach often used by social studies teachers in elite schools. Social studies teachers face many challenges in managing group work.Moreover, students also complain about their dissatisfaction with their group members. However, it is also noted that group work increases efficiency and productivity in students and makes the classroom an interactive place to study.
An Appraisal of Cases under Section 9(c) of The Control of Narcotic Substance Act 1997 and the role of Forensic Evidence
Authors: Lohani Atika , Abbas Aamir
Published: September 2022

The role of forensic and chemical expert evidence is increasingly vital due to technological and scientific advancements changing the social, economic, political, and cultural trends. This paper considers exploring the role of forensic and chemical expert's evidence under the control of narcotic substance laws as prevail in Pakistan.The analysis is conducted on cases involving section 9(C) CNSA 1997 from the last five years, 2017-2021. To further narrow down the research, the cases were limited to the petitions filed for leave to appeal in the Supreme Court for the reappraisal of evidence which afforded an opportunity to see how the superior courts in Pakistan have been dealing with the cases involving forensic and chemical analyst's reports. The result of the analysis suggests that the legal framework for control of narcotics is well developed, and judicial policy is to consider expert evidence in corroboration with other material facts otherwise the expert evidence is excluded.
Fragmented International Law and Uncertainties Related to Dual Use Space Technology
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Naseem Fozia , Riaz Ahsan
Published: September 2022

If an attack is ever carried out on an outer space object, it will require the relevant international law to be referenced. This includes the laws concerning international humanitarian law, international space law, and general international law. However, present legal frameworks are insufficient to provide a clear answer to which outer space may be utilized for military purposes. In this context, the advancement of space with dual applications presents a more complex situation for the application of laws. Attacks on the ground-based space systems or strikes on space-based assets are not fully covered by either international law or the IHL. The potential responses of the current legal frameworks to dealing with space weapons and dual-use technology are limited. This paper aims to explore how international law deals with the use of force in space. It focuses on the limited scope of the law dealing with dual-use technologies and space weapons.
Povijesni Isus i miticizam: kritička analiza teorije Richarda Carriera
Authors: Marina Marko
Published: September 2022

U posljednjih desetak godina teorije prema kojima Isus iz Nazareta uopće nije postojao dosegnule su, ponajviše zahvaljujući internetu, značajnu razinu popularnosti u široj javnosti. Iako je takve teorije znanstvena zajednica davno odbacila, one i dalje zauzimaju dio javnoga prostora, što najbolje ilustriraju medijska izvještavanja o temama iz povijesti ranoga kršćanstva. Ponajprije zbog te činjenice ovaj članak nastoji opovrgnuti inačicu miticističke teorije koju je iznio jedan od najeksponiranijih zastupnika miticizma, američki povjesničar Richard Carrier. Članak najprije iznosi kratak pregled miticizma počevši od francuskoga filozofa Constantina Françoisa de Volneyja. Potom se članak posebno bavi osnovnim tezama Richarda Carriera te pokazuje sve nedostatke istih. Na koncu se zaključuje da se Carrier u rekonstrukciji povijesti kršćanstva u 1. st. vodio vlastitom ideološkom agendom, a ne ozbiljnim historiografskim radom. Njegove su teze potpuno promašene, te stoga i ne iznenađuje što Carrierove tvrdnje nisu naišle na odobravanje šire znanstvene zajednice.
Omentin-1 Suppressed Inflammation by NLRP3 through AMPK Function
Authors: Jiang Yong
Published: September 2022

This experiment investigated the biological roles of Omentin-1 in cerebral vessels of acute cerebral ischemia (ACI). The expressions of Omentin-1 in mouse model or patients with ACI were down-regulated. Moreover, Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with NIHSS score or serum IL-1β expression in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis for ACI. Omentin-1 was positively correlated with Barthel index in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis for ACI. In the mouse model or the in-vitro model, Omentin-1 mitigated inflammation factors. Additionally, in the in-vitro model of ACI, overexpression of Omentin-1 induced AMPK/ NLRP3 signaling pathway. Down-regulation of Omentin-1 also inhibited AMPK/ NLRP3 signaling pathway. Taken together, Omentin-1 suppressed ACI in the ACI model through inhibiting inflammation, which might serve as a potential treatment strategies of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in ACI.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry and high-throughput image analysis for evaluation of spatial tumor immune cell markers in human breast cancer
Authors: Su Timothy , Wang Shuyang , Huang Shuya , Cai Hui , McKinley Eliot T. , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou , Cai Qiuyin
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The clinicopathological significance of spatial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subpopulations is not well studied due to lack of high-throughput scalable methodology for studies with large human sample sizes. OBJECTIVE: Establishing a cyclic fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC/IF) method coupled with computer-assisted high-throughput quantitative analysis to evaluate associations of six TIL markers (CD3, CD8, CD20, CD56, FOXP3, and PD-L1) with clinicopathological factors of breast cancer. METHODS: Our 5-plex mIHC/IF staining was shown to be reliable and highly sensitive for labeling three biomarkers per tissue section. Through repetitive cycles of 5-plex mIHC/IF staining, more than 12 biomarkers could be detected per single tissue section. Using open-source software CellProfiler, the measurement pipelines were successfully developed for high-throughput multiplex evaluation of intratumoral and stromal TILs. RESULTS: In analyses of 188 breast cancer samples from the Nashville Breast Health Study, high-grade tumors showed significantly increased intratumoral CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte density (P= 0.0008, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P= 0.0168) and intratumoral PD-L1 expression (P= 0.0061, FDR adjusted P= 0.0602) compared with low-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The high- and low-grade breast cancers exhibit differential immune responses which may have clinical significance. The multiplexed imaging quantification strategies established in this study are reliable, cost-efficient and applicable in regular laboratory settings for high-throughput tissue biomarker studies, especially retrospective and population-based studies using archived paraffin tissues.
Modeling the combined influence of complexity and quality in supervised learning
Authors: de Ávila Mendes Renê , da Silva Leandro Augusto
Published: September 2022

Data classification is a data mining task that consists of an algorithm adjusted by a training dataset that is used to predict an object’s class (unclassified) on analysis. A significant part of the performance of the classification algorithm depends on the dataset’s complexity and quality. Data Complexity involves the investigation of the effects of dimensionality, the overlap of descriptive attributes, and the classes’ separability. Data Quality focuses on the aspects such as noise data (outlier) and missing values. The factors Data Complexity and Data Quality are fundamental for the performance of classification. However, the literature has very few studies on the relationship between these factors and to highlight their significance. This paper applies Structural Equation Modeling and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) algorithm and, in an innovative manner, associates Data Complexity and Data Quality contributions to Classification Quality. Experimental analysis with 178 datasets obtained from the OpenML repository showed that the control of complexity improves the classification results more than data quality does. Additionally paper also presents a visual tool of datasets analysis about the classification performance perspective in the dimensions proposed to represent the structural model.
Label noise detection under the noise at random model with ensemble filters
Authors: Moura Kecia G. , Prudêncio Ricardo B.C. , Cavalcanti George D.C.
Published: September 2022

Label noise detection has been widely studied in Machine Learning because of its importance in improving training data quality. Satisfactory noise detection has been achieved by adopting ensembles of classifiers. In this approach, an instance is assigned as mislabeled if a high proportion of members in the pool misclassifies it. Previous authors have empirically evaluated this approach; nevertheless, they mostly assumed that label noise is generated completely at random in a dataset. This is a strong assumption since other types of label noise are feasible in practice and can influence noise detection results. This work investigates the performance of ensemble noise detection under two different noise models: the Noisy at Random (NAR), in which the probability of label noise depends on the instance class, in comparison to the Noisy Completely at Random model, in which the probability of label noise is entirely independent. In this setting, we investigate the effect of class distribution on noise detection performance since it changes the total noise level observed in a dataset under the NAR assumption. Further, an evaluation of the ensemble vote threshold is conducted to contrast with the most common approaches in the literature. In many performed experiments, choosing a noise generation model over another can lead to different results when considering aspects such as class imbalance and noise level ratio among different classes.
IMLBoost for intelligent diagnosis with imbalanced medical records
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Chi Xiaofan , Du Yukun , Yang Huan , Xi Yongming , Guo Jianwei
Published: September 2022

Class imbalance of medical records is a critical challenge for disease classification in intelligent diagnosis. Existing machine learning algorithms usually assign equal weights to all classes, which may reduce classification accuracy of imbalanced records. In this paper, a new Imbalance Lessened Boosting (IMLBoost) algorithm is proposed to better classify imbalanced medical records, highlighting the contribution of samples in minor classes as well as hard and boundary samples. A tailored Cost-Fitting Loss (CFL) function is proposed to assign befitting costs to these critical samples. The first and second derivations of the CFL are then derived and embedded into the classical XGBoost framework. In addition, some feature analysis skills are utilized to further improve performance of the IMLBoost, which also can speed up the model training. Experimental results on five UCI imbalanced medical datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with other existing classification methods, IMLBoost has improved the classification performance in terms of F1-score, G-mean and AUC.
Generate qualified adversarial attacks and foster enhanced models based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: He Junpeng , Luo Lei , Xiao Kun , Fang Xiyu , Li Yun
Published: September 2022

In cybersecurity, intrusion detection systems (IDSes) are of vital importance, allowing different companies and their departments to identify malicious attacks from magnanimous network traffic; however, the effectiveness and stability of these artificial intelligence-based systems are challenged when coping with adversarial attacks. This work explores a creative framework based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) with a series of training algorithms that aims to generate instances of adversarial attacks and utilize them to help establish a new IDS based on a neural network that can replace the old IDS without knowledge of any of its parameters. Furthermore, to verify the quality of the generated attacks, a transfer mechanism is proposed for calculating the Frechet inception distance (FID). Experiments show that based on the original CICIDS2017 dataset, the proposed framework can generate four types of adversarial attacks (DDoS, DoS, Bruteforce, and Infiltration), which precipitate four types of classifiers (Decision Tree, Random Forest, Adaboost, and Deep Neural Network), set as black-box old IDSes, with low detection rates; additionally, the IDSes that the proposed framework newly establish have an average detection rate of 98% in coping with both generated adversarial and original attacks.
Benefits of Gut Microbiota Reconstitution by Beta 1,3–1,6 Glucans in Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Raghavan Kadalraja , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar Devaprasad , Yamamoto Naoki , Ikewaki Nobunao , Sonoda Tohru , Iwasaki Masaru , Kandaswamy Ramesh Shankar , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Preethy Senthilkumar , Abraham Samuel J.K.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Aureobasidium pullulans (black yeast) AFO-202 strain-produced beta glucan, Nichi Glucan, has been shown to improve the behavior and sleep pattern along with an increase in α-synuclein and melatonin in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective:

In this randomized pilot clinical study, we have evaluated the gut microbiota of subjects with ASD after consumption of Nichi Glucan.

Methods:

Eighteen subjects with ASD were randomly allocated: six subjects in the control group (Group 1): conventional treatment comprising remedial behavioral therapies and L-carnosine 500 mg per day, and 12 subjects (Group 2) underwent supplementation with Nichi Glucan 0.5 g twice daily along with the conventional treatment for 90 days.

Results:

Whole genome metagenome (WGM) sequencing of the stool samples at baseline and after intervention showed that among genera of relevance, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was decreased almost to zero in Group 2 after intervention, whereas it increased from 0.36% to 0.85% in Group 1. The abundance of Bacteroides increased in Group 1, whereas it decreased in Group 2. The abundance of Prevotella increased while the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased in both Group 1 and Group 2. Among species, a decrease was seen in Escherichia coli, Akkermansia muciniphila CAG:154, Blautia spp., Coprobacillus sp., and Clostridium bolteae CAG:59, with an increase of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella copri, which are both beneficial.

Conclusion:

AFO-202 beta 1,3–1,6 glucan, in addition to balancing the gut microbiome in children with ASD and its role in effective control of curli-producing Enterobacteriaceae that leads to α-synuclein misfolding and accumulation, may have a prophylactic role in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases as well.
The transformation and development of traditional industry guided by industrial culture IP
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Liu Xiao
Published: September 2022

The gradual shortage of consumable industrial resources has brought some problems to traditional industries, such as slow technological renewal, decline of pillar industries, population outflow in the cities where they are located, and relatively weak natural and cultural resources. Therefore, it is urgent to apply cross-border thinking to give vitality to the innovation of traditional industrial culture and promote the expansion of traditional industries to cultural industries. Based on the research on the IP empowerment advantages, the identifiable, marketable, authorized and transformable industrial culture IP will be used as the guide to promote “cultural innovation” and “digital innovation” as the internal driving force of industrial development, and the industrial development model of “IP+ industrial culture” will be used to promote the high-quality development of traditional industries. Thus, it is feasible in practice and significant in theoretical research to leverage the traditional industrial transformation and development with the high-quality industrial culture IP symbol, the shaping of offline industrial cultural economy and the digital expansion of online industrial cultural economy.
Masked face recognition with principal random forest convolutional neural network (PRFCNN)
Authors: Wei-Jie Lucas Chong , Chong Siew-Chin , Ong Thian-Song
Published: September 2022

Masked face recognition embarks the interest among the researchers to find a better algorithm to improve the performance of face recognition applications, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic lately. This paper introduces a proposed masked face recognition method known as Principal Random Forest Convolutional Neural Network (PRFCNN). This method utilizes the strengths of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the combination of Random Forest algorithm in Convolution Neural Network to pre-train the masked face features. PRFCNN is designed to assist in extracting more salient features and prevent overfitting problems. Experiments are conducted on two benchmarked datasets, RMFD (Real-World Masked Face Dataset) and LFW Simulated Masked Face Dataset using various parameter settings. The experimental result with a minimum recognition rate of 90% accuracy promises the effectiveness of the proposed PRFCNN over the other state-of-the-art methods.
Neutrosophic multi-item inventory control models with constraints
Authors: Surya R. , Mullai M.
Published: September 2022

Inventory managers are expected to handle a large number of items in their inventory while adhering to budgetary and space limits, as well as the number of items bought from vendors. Multi-item inventory models with one or more resource constraints, such as budget, space, or number of orders. This paper talks about an EOQ model in neutrosophic multi-item inventory control models with constraints. The ordering costs, the holding costs, demands, storage area, investment amount, and the maximum average number of units are considered as triangular neutrosophic numbers, as opposed to crisp values, to make the inventory model more realistic. This idea is used to decide the neutrosophic optimal order quantities with the assistance of the Lagrange multiplier. Eventually, the proposed method is delineated with a numerical instance and the results are analysed briefly.
A novel mechanism to recognize heart disease by optimised deep belief network with SVM classification
Authors: Uma Maheswari K. , Valarmathi A.
Published: September 2022

A heart attack is a common cause of death globally. It can be treated successfully through a simple and accurate diagnosis. Getting the right diagnosis at the right time is very important for the treatment of heart failure. Currently, the conventional method of diagnosing heart disease is not reliable. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that can be used to analyze the data collected by sensors. Data mining is another type of technology that can be utilized in the healthcare industry. These techniques help predict heart disease based on various factors. We developed a prediction and recommendation model aimed at predicting heart disease using the Optimized Deep Belief Network. It does so by taking into account the various features of the heart disease UCI and Stalog database. Finally, the proposed method classifies healthy people and people with heart illness with an accuracy of 97.91%.
A survey on knowledge-aware news recommender systems
Authors: Iana Andreea , Alam Mehwish , Paulheim Heiko
Published: September 2022

News consumption has shifted over time from traditional media to online platforms, which use recommendation algorithms to help users navigate through the large incoming streams of daily news by suggesting relevant articles based on their preferences and reading behavior. In comparison to domains such as movies or e-commerce, where recommender systems have proved highly successful, the characteristics of the news domain (e.g., high frequency of articles appearing and becoming outdated, greater dynamics of user interest, less explicit relations between articles, and lack of explicit user feedback) pose additional challenges for the recommendation models. While some of these can be overcome by conventional recommendation techniques, injecting external knowledge into news recommender systems has been proposed in order to enhance recommendations by capturing information and patterns not contained in the text and metadata of articles, and hence, tackle shortcomings of traditional models. This survey provides a comprehensive review of knowledge-aware news recommender systems. We propose a taxonomy that divides the models into three categories: neural methods, non-neural entity-centric methods, and non-neural path-based methods. Moreover, the underlying recommendation algorithms, as well as their evaluations are analyzed. Lastly, open issues in the domain of knowledge-aware news recommendations are identified and potential research directions are proposed.
Survey of the health, safety and environment climate and its effects on occupational accidents
Authors: Dehaghi Behzad Fouladi , Teimori-Boghsani Gholamheidar , Rahmani Davood , Ghavamabadi Leila Ibrahimi , Zare Sajad
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Preserving and protecting the human resources is considered as the most important capital in any economic section by industrial development. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health, safety and environment (HSE) climate and its effects on occupational accidents in a petrochemical industry. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was performed on 354 male workers in a petrochemical industry (10 different categories of site operators). Data was collected through a questionnaire, which its validity and reliability were standardized with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.85. In this questionnaire the safety condition, workplace environment, disease symptoms were investigated in five, four and three dimensions, respectively. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23 and LISREL version 8.8. RESULTS: According to the model values, there were significant correlation between safety condition and workplace environment r = 0.66, also between work safety condition and disease symptoms. The three hidden variables of work safety condition, work mental environment and physical workplace had significant effects on disease symptoms. Therefore, safety condition was the most effective variable on disease symptoms. Two significant predictors were work safety condition and physical workplace for work mental environment with coefficients γ= 2.29, β= –0.1, respectively. CONCLUSION: HSE condition indicators, working environment and disease symptoms reflect workers’ views on HSE issues in the workplace. It can be beneficial in rooting the factors affecting occupational accidents and performance evaluation in the organization HSE management system.
Occupational discomfort and injuries among automotive technicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hafez Khaled A.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major causes of disability and early retirement. Consequently, WMSDs cost businesses billions of dollars annually due to compensation claims and productivity loss. Automotive technicians are vulnerable to WMSDs due to the nature of their work, which exposes them to numerous WMSDs risk factors. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the WMSD cases among technicians and evaluate their postures while working in small automotive repair shops in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional design. A self-administrated questionnaire and body parts discomfort survey were filled by thirty automotive technicians. A postural analysis technique was performed to assess the body postures that technicians adopt while performing the tasks, in order to estimate the associated risk of WMSD discomfort. RESULTS: Most automotive technicians suffer severe pain in the lower back, shoulders, neck, hands or wrists, and knees. The technicians related the pain to awkward body postures, heavy lifting, and sustained forceful movements. CONCLUSION: Automotive technicians are advised to level the height of the work surface as feasible, to work as close as possible to said work surface, and to avoid working with awkward body postures as much as possible.