bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the correlation between expression levels of carboxyl terminal modulator protein (CTMP) and the efficacy of trastuzumab in Syrian patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Makhoul Mania , Saifo Maher , Ahmad Farez , Alsaleh Jumana
Published: October 2024

e13008

Background:
Approximately 15-20% of women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have HER2+ disease. Trastuzumab, the first Food and Drug Administration- approved targeted therapy for BC, serves as a turning point in the personalized therapy of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, not all (HER2+MBC) patients respond to trastuzumab treatment. The attendant mechanism of trastuzumab resistance remains unclear and there are currently no conclusive biomarkers for patient response to trastuzumab. Recent studies have submitted assorted likely mechanisms leading to the resistance, including Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP). CTMP was shown to bind to the carboxy terminus of Akt and regulate its activity. The goal of this study is to identify the role of CTMP in trastuzumab resistance in Syrian patients with (HER2+MBC).
Methods:
Patients received trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (either docetaxel or vinorelbine) as an adjuvant treatment until the time of disease progression. Ninety-six patients were assessable for efficacy, progressive disease (PD) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were achieved in (32.3%) and (67.7%) respectively of the study population. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to examine CTMP expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tissue blocks.
Results:
Based on IHC scoring, 38 Cases (39.6%) had low CTMP staining, and 58 cases (60.4%) had high CTMP staining. Notably, CTMP overexpression was significantly correlated with histological grade and tumor recurrence. Moreover, the data showed that CTMP staining index is significantly higher in (PD group) than in (CBR group) (P=0.039). Intriguingly, survival analysis indicated that MBC patients with high CTMP expression had lower recurrence-free survival than those with low CTMP expression as determined by Kaplan-Meier method (p=0.048).
Conclusions:
Our findings confirm that (HER2+MBC) patients with high CTMP expression level tended to be refractory to trastuzumab treatment.
Real-world data comparison of time to next treatment for patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer treated in the second line of therapy with fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki or ado-trastuzumab emtansine.
Authors: Gorantla Vikram C. , Rui Anna , Rosenfeld Stephan B. , Kudrik Fred J. , Vasudevan Anupama , Sura Teena , Gart Mike , Kanovsky Doug , Brenneman Dawn , Varughese Prateesh , Scott Jeffrey A. , Choksi Rushir J. , Geller Robert B. , Blanc Simon
Published: October 2024

e13025

Background:
The Destiny-03 trial observed that a median progression-free survival was not reached in the patients (pts) treated with fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (TDxd) and was 6.8 months in the pts treated with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1). We sought to evaluate the time to next treatment (TTNT), a surrogate for progression-free survival, between trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki and TDM1 using real-world data to assess whether such pts see similar benefits beyond the clinical trial setting.
Methods:
We used the Integra Connect PrecisionQ real-world de-identified database of over 3 million cancer pts across 500 sites of care to identify 315 breast cancer pts for analysis. Each of the breast cancer pts was identified as HER2+ (IHC of 3+ or an ISH/FISH positive result) at the time of second line treatment initiation. The 315 pts were included so long as they started their second line treatment in the metastatic setting on or after 1/1/2022 through 12/31/2023. TTNT was measured from the treatment start to either the first of the initiation of a subsequent line of therapy or death. Descriptive analyses were used and TTNT was analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results:
The median age was 62 (IQR 23-90) at time of treatment start. 100% of pts were female. 241 (76.5%) pts received TDxd with a median age of 62 at treatment start, while 74 (23.5%) pts received TDM1 with a median age of 62.5 at treatment start. The median TTNT was 19.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1 to Not Reached [NR]) for pts who received TDxd compared to 9.2 months (95% CI, 6.7 to 13.0) for those who received TDM1 (
p
<0.01). The median overall survival was not reached in either TDxd or TDM1 treated pts. The percentage of TDxd pts who were deceased was 13.3% compared to 14.9% for TDM1 pts. The probability of pts on therapy after 12 months was found to be 66% (95% CI, 58.7% to 73%) for those who received TDxd compared to 38.9% (95% CI, 25.2% to 52.4%) for those who received TDM1 (
p
<0.01).
Conclusions:
HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer pts on second line treatment with TDxd experienced a statistically significant difference in TTNT compared those treated with TDM1. The real-world data shows that TDxd demonstrated superior clinical benefit to TDM1 in the treatment of HER2 positive second line pts. However, only 75% of pts received the recommended treatment option of TDxd, suggesting an opportunity to improve outcomes in HER2 positive pts.
Treatment of HER2 positive stage 4 breast cancer: When to stop anti-HER2 agents.
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiko , Takigami Naoko , Uehara Kanou , Tamaki Kentaro , Tamaki Nobumitsu
Published: October 2024

e13027

Background:
The goal of treatment of stage 4 breast cancer has been prolongation of live without compromising the quality of life of the patient and family. However, with the incorporation of anti-HER2 agents in the treatment of HER2 positive primary breast cancer, stage 4 disease of this subtype has become potentially curable. The issue is when or by what criteria anti-HER2 drugs can be discontinued, since continuation of expensive medication post cure could be considered to be financial toxicity, but then premature discontinuation might jeopardize a previously unattainable condition of cure. We endeavor to address this issue.
Methods:
The treatment and survival of 110 cases of Stage 4 primary breast cancer treated between April 2011 to December 2023 (i.e. 12-year period) in our institution was evaluated retrospectively.
Results:
The subtype by immuno-histiochemistry of the 110 cases is as follows; Luminal A - 17 cases, Luminal B - 23 cases, HER2-enriched - 13 cases, Luminal-HER2 - 17 cases, Triple negative - 6 cases. The 5 and 10 year survival rates according to subtype is as shown in the table. Of the surviving 25 HER2 positive (Luminal and Enriched) cases, 16 cases are still on anti-HER2 therapy, while 6 cases have discontinued. 3 cases have been lost to follow-up. The metastatic site/duration (months) of anti-HER2 therapy/observation time (months) post anti-HER2 therapy of the 6 cases are, ..... case 1: bone & distant lymph-nodes / 19.0 / 11.2, ..... case 2: bone / 52.7 / 6.8, ..... case 3: bone / 76.2 / 2.1, ..... case 4: liver & distant lymph-nodes / 80.8 / 19.3, ..... case 5: liver 6 bone / 103.8 / 24.9, and ..... case 6: lung / 120.0 / 11.4. The cCR status by imaging modalities of all 6 cases were confirmed by 6 months after initiation of anti-HER2 therapy. Case 5, who continued hormonal therapy (i.e. tamoxifen) for an additional 22 months, terminated anti-HER2 therapy after testing negative for ERBB2 related genes on liquid biopsy.
Conclusions:
This observational study suggests that in stage 4 HER2 positive primary breast cancer patients in which cCR is achieved within 6 months of initiation of anti-HER2 therapy, the treatment might safety be concluded after an additional 2 to 3 years of anti-HER2 therapy. Liquid biopsy for tumor related genes (e.g. ctDNA, miRNA) might facilitate decision making.

Subtype
Luminal A
Luminal B
Her2-enriched
Luminal HER2
Triple Negative

5 year survival rate
74.0%
52.4%
53.5%
76.0%
0%

10 year survival rate
not assessable
52.4%
53.5%
60.8%
not assessable
Evaluation of AI-assisted HER2 scoring in breast carcinoma-stained whole-slide images.
Authors: Thomas Florian , Cormier Bénédicte , Bossard Céline , Poulet Bruno , Guinaudeau Emmanuelle , Salhi Yahia , Chokri Ilham , Jossic Frédérique , Lambros Laëtitia , De Pinieux Isabelle , Thanguturi Soum , Chetritt Jérôme , Salhi Sanae
Published: October 2024

e13029

Background:
HER2 gene amplification occurs in 15% of invasive breast carcinomas. Given the exclusive effectiveness of HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-overexpressed/amplified carcinomas, accurate HER2 status assessment is crucial in clinical decision-making. Moreover, scores 1+ and 2+ not amplified have been shown to benefit from treatment with the new HER2-based antibody-drug conjugates. In this context, HER2 scoring needs to be highly accurate. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for precise, replicable quantification of HER2 protein overexpression, assisting pathologists in HER2 immunohistochemistry scoring.
Methods:
We developed a fully automated algorithm for assisting pathologists in HER2 scoring in breast carcinoma stained whole slides images (WSI). 5901mm2 of HER2 immunostained sections (standard protocol, with Roche Ultra, 4B5 Clone) of digitized (with several scanners) tumor tissue were annotated at magnification x5 by 10 senior pathologists and used to train a Deep Learning model for invasive region detection. Hence, 4793 square images (tiles) of size 256 pixels were annotated at the cell level, at magnification x40 and used to train another model. The proposed algorithm automatically detects invasive regions of the tumor and quantifies the tumor cells in these regions. It also characterizes each cell according to its membrane completeness and intensity and provides pathologists a readily interpretable score along with the details of the slide analysis (cells categories distribution and heatmap), in accordance with the 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines. The proposed algorithm works in an end-to-end manner, without requiring any manual intervention from pathologists. Three breast expert pathologists scored an unseen dataset of 68 WSI. After a washout period of two months, they re-scored these WSI with AI assistance. The performances of the model are evaluated by comparing the inter-observer agreement rate with and without AI, and by comparing the model results with the pathologists ground truth.
Results:
The model demonstrated an overall balanced accuracy of 90.0% on the validation dataset. Moreover, the overall inter-observer agreement (Fleiss Kappa) significantly improved, going from 0.37 without A.I to 0.64 with AI assistance.
Conclusions:
The proposed fully automated solution could perform exhaustive tumor cell analysis in invasive tissue, without requiring any pathologist intervention. Moreover, such a solution could help to standardize the routine results between pathologists which can suffer from an important variability, thus improving the targeted therapeutic decision.

Confusion matrix on the test set.

True Label\Predicted Label
0
1+
2+
3+

0
10
2
0
0

1+
2
28
0
0

2+
0
3
15
0

3+
0
0
0
6
Digital Voice Analysis as a Biomarker of Acromegaly
Authors: Vouzouneraki Konstantina , Nylén Fredrik , Holmberg Jenny , Olsson Tommy , Berinder Katarina , Höybye Charlotte , Petersson Maria , Bensing Sophie , Åkerman Anna-Karin , Borg Henrik , Ekman Bertil , Robért Jonas , Engström Britt Edén , Ragnarsson Oskar , Burman Pia , Dahlqvist Per
Published: October 2024

Context

There is a considerable diagnostic delay in acromegaly, contributing to increased morbidity. Voice changes due to orofacial and laryngeal changes are common in acromegaly.

Objective

Our aim was to explore the use of digital voice analysis as a biomarker for acromegaly using broad acoustic analysis and machine learning.

Methods

Voice recordings from patients with acromegaly and matched controls were collected using a mobile phone at Swedish university hospitals. Anthropometric and clinical data and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were assessed. Digital voice analysis of a sustained and stable vowel [a] resulted in 3274 parameters, which were used for training of machine learning models classifying the speaker as “acromegaly” or “control.” The machine learning models were trained with 76% of the data and the remaining 24% was used to assess their performance. For comparison, voice recordings of 50 pairs of participants were assessed by 12 experienced endocrinologists.

Results

We included 151 Swedish patients with acromegaly (13% biochemically active and 10% newly diagnosed) and 139 matched controls. The machine learning model identified patients with acromegaly more accurately (area under the receiver operating curve [ROC AUC] 0.84) than experienced endocrinologists (ROC AUC 0.69). Self-reported voice problems were more pronounced in patients with acromegaly than matched controls (median VHI 6 vs 2, P < .01) with higher prevalence of clinically significant voice handicap (VHI ≥20: 22.5% vs 3.6%).

Conclusion

Digital voice analysis can identify patients with acromegaly from short voice recordings with high accuracy. Patients with acromegaly experience more voice disorders than matched controls.
From Haiti to Congo
Authors: Seck Fatoumata
Published: October 2024

This essay explores the early work of Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain in Congo. Despite Comhaire-Sylvain being renowned as Haiti’s first woman anthropologist, her life and extensive scholar-ship in Africa have been largely overlooked. Given her unique positionality and formal training in Europe during a period when ethnology relied on empire to assert its utility to the state, Comhaire-Sylvain’s work unfolded along colonial fault lines, a dimension this essay seeks to tease out. The analysis focuses on a 1947 essay she published in La Voix des Femmes, the newspaper of Haiti’s first women’s rights organization. This piece, a literary sketch, provides insights into Comhaire-Sylvain’s perspectives on working-class women, racial segregation, and the gendered division of labor. It explores the “Zone neutre” of Léopoldville (later Kinshasa) and reveals a Caribbean scholar’s observations of life in a racially divided African colonial city, offering a precursor to Frantz Fanon’s portrayal of the settler town and the colonized town in The Wretched of the Earth.
“A New Rhythm Starts Immediately”
Authors: Albanese Mary Grace
Published: October 2024

This essay situates women’s “spiritual literacy” within a Black feminist framework that privileges religious and ancestral epistemologies. Following scholars such as Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley, M. Jacqui Alexander, and Karen McCarthy Brown, this essay decenters masculinist heroes such as Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines in C. L. R James’s 1967 dramatic adaptation of his 1938 The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Instead, it examines a critical but often neglected character: a fictional woman named Celestine. In a play obsessed with cultural hierarchies, it is remarkable that the most literate, flexible, and skilled cultural translator of the play is not a storied hero of the Haitian Revolution; rather, it is a servant woman overlooked by traditional histories. Through his portrayal of Celestine, James demands modes of historical production that decenter both the written word and traditional masculine iconography and instead engage with the embodied, spiritual, and performed.
Pedagogy, Textured
Authors: Ellis Nadia
Published: October 2024

This essay reflects on Carolyn Cooper’s research on Afro-Jamaican feminisms via literary history, literary criticism, and cultural studies and her use of that research in various pedagogical spaces. The author’s approach is personal and layered, working primarily through memories of being taught by Cooper in the mid- to late 1990s as a literature student at the University of the West Indies, Mona. These memories are lensed through a rereading of Cooper’s scholarship and also framed from the vantage point of the author being a university instructor now herself. Drawing from Cooper’s complex working out of the proverbial Jamaican woman “digging up” her own luck and thinking with her sophisticated verbal code-switching, with the materiality of her presence as a public intellectual, and with the closing of her 1993 Noises in the Blood: Orality, Gender, and the “Vulgar” Body of Jamaican Popular Culture, where she re-encodes “textuality” with its rippled weave as “textile,” the author arrives at the idea of texture as a way to think with and through the example of Cooper’s work.
“Yu a Brand”
Authors: Cooper Carolyn
Published: October 2024

This essay traces the author’s intellectual trajectory as a Road Scholar translating academic discourse into the language of the street. Cooper acknowledges the trademarks by which she has come to be known: cultural critic, language-rights activist, feminist scholar, incisive newspaper columnist, television talk show host. These trademarks represent the interwoven strands of the ideas she elaborates in her academic work and her interventions in the media, both local and international. Her brand is an assemblage of identities sharing a common ideological core: contesting many of the “givens” she inherited as a Black girl growing up in the 1950s when institutional racism and class prejudice defined the appropriate place for African Jamaicans. On the periphery! As a public intellectual, Cooper interrogates the fictive national motto—“Out of many, one people”—that reinscribes the diminution of the “many.” She locates the culture of the African Jamaican majority at the very center of national consciousness.
The Precarity of Intramural Theorizing
Authors: Rodríguez Judith
Published: October 2024

This review essay of Rocío Zambrana’s Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico (2021) illustrates Zambrana’s own intervention into “race/gender/class” hierarchies as carrying their own relations of power within her rewriting of the “plantation complex,” using the colony of Puerto Rico as case study. This intervention, the author speculates, moves the book’s analysis into a more intramural critique where Zambrana centers an interrogation of the “vitality” of the “laboratory” that is the factory, or of the plantation economy as the materialized prefiguration for financialized capital on the colony. Zambrana’s move here, the author asserts, then provokes her to name anti-Blackness as the foundation for the structural mechanisms (racial order) that sediment the ability to be an indebted subject, or at least experience an enclosure within the structural comfort of national belonging.
Secretions of Subjectivity
Authors: Blanes-Martinez Ernesto
Published: October 2024

This review essay analyzes the problem of subjectivity in Rocío Zambrana’s Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico (2021) from a phenomenological perspective. The essay argues that despite the absence of an explicit formulation, Colonial Debts relies on a theory of subjectivity. This theory is articulated through a characterization of Zambrana’s concept of “unbinding” as a process of desubjectivation enacted by decolonial practices in the context of material conditions of oppression. The essay also argues for the critical usefulness of phenomenological descriptions to theorize both the logics of subjection that coloniality instantiates, and the “prefiguring” of a potential interruption in their operativity. Finally, it studies the experience of waiting as a particularly revealing determination of the temporality of colonial existence that is especially recurrent in Puerto Rican intellectual production.
Seeing the World through a Puerto Rican Lens
Authors: Laó-Montes Agustín
Published: October 2024

This review essay of Rocio Zambrana’s Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico (2021) argues that it is a book about contemporary Puerto Rico and its world-historical significance that engages this endeavor with depth and breath, carefully crafting its own argument, through the lens of Puerto Rico’s colonial crisis as symptomatic of a global crisis of neoliberal capitalism, by means of an analytics of debt as a central feature of capitalist modernity. Rather than simply presenting the book, the essay critically addresses several interwoven questions that are key to its argument. The author introduces the general theoretical framework and presents specific historical and social accounts, then pursues a path from the laying-out of the analytical gaze to specifying the political posture. It discusses the book’s contributions to decolonial critique, Marxism, the analytics of debt, and the dialectics of life and death in capitalist modernity and moves on to assessing its radical politics of decolonization and decoloniality.
Organizing Pessimism Redux
Authors: Zambrana Rocío
Published: October 2024

Engaging the important discussions of Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico (2021) in the review essays from Judy Rodríguez, Ernesto Blanes-Martinez, and Agustín Laó-Montes, this reply essay from the book’s author recounts and situates the main theses of Colonial Debts in light of her current work in Caribbean political economy, particularly concerning figures of speculation that perpetuate the logic of the trade-plantation complex in contemporary financialized capitalism. The essay moves from the forms of economic violence generated by the link between debt and austerity at the core of the book to the intensification of forms of despojo through the consolidation of the Puerto Rican archipelago as a tax haven; a space of speculation with land, coasts, and housing; and a space of rest, pleasure, and impunity for the “other” crystalized in the tourist economy.
Art and Collective Healing
Authors: Tataryan Aslan Nora
Published: October 2024

Sarkis Zabunyan, one of the prominent figures in Turkish contemporary art, was selected to represent the Turkish pavilion in the Venice Biennale in 2015. Since 2015 was the centennial of the Armenian Genocide, a genocide that has not been recognized by the Turkish Republic for more than a hundred years, and Sarkis being an Istanbul Armenian born and raised in Turkey, the selection caused quite a stir and sparked a public discussion on art and collective healing when it was announced. As a result, the catalog of Sarkis’s work Respiro was subjected to censorship. Through this censorship case, this article scrutinizes various reconciliation discourses developed in Turkey in the early 2000s regarding the Armenian Genocide and how contemporary art could possibly engage/disengage with those discourses.
Searching for non-English literature may be unnecessary for HTA Reports
Authors: Hausner Elke , Sturtz Sibylle , Molnar Sandra , Schell Lisa , Sieben Wiebke , Sauerland Stefan
Published: October 2024

Background Health technology assessment (HTA) reports are based on comprehensive information retrieval. Current standards discourage the use of search restrictions, such as publication date and language. Given limited resources, it was unclear whether the effort invested in screening and translating studies published in languages other than English provided relevant additional information compared with the inclusion of English-language publications alone. We therefore analysed the impact of non-English publications on the conclusions of HTA reports produced by the German HTA agency, the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Methods We determined whether non-English publications were included in all HTA reports on non-drug interventions and on selected drug interventions (search period: 01/2011 to 08/2018). If at least one non-English publication was included, we assessed for each endpoint whether or not the exclusion of non-English publications changed the conclusion. If a non-English publication did not contain information relevant to the HTA report, we classified the publication as “not relevant”. Results Of 70 HTA reports, 38 (54%) included 128 non-English publications. In 4 reports (6%) with 50 endpoints investigated in 39 PICO questions, the exclusion of a total of 10 non-English publications led to a change in the conclusions for 13 endpoints (8 PICO questions). This was largely due to the fact that in many cases, non-English publications were the predominant or only literature available, resulting in a lack of analysable data after their exclusion. Conclusions In general, studies published in non-English languages have little influence on the conclusions of HTA reports. For the vast majority of topics, a language restriction to English seems justified. Studies published in non-English languages may be useful in exceptional cases, for example when an intervention is only available in certain countries.
Analysis of DailyTemperature and Precipitation Climate Extremes in Hamassa Watershed, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bergene Tegegn , Simane Belay , Abi Meskerem
Published: October 2024

Background The intensity and frequency of climate extremes are exacerbating agricultural droughts, particularly impacting smallholder farming. This study assessing daily precipitation and temperature extremes in the context of climate change is crucial for local-scale climate change adaptation. Spatial changes of climate indices from 1981 to 2018 in three different agroecologies in the Hamassa watershed, Ethiopia, were examined based on the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Methods We obtained Daily temperature and precipitation data from the Ethiopia National Meteorological Agency (NMA). Additionally, I used data from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) to corroborate the findings. We conducted the Mann- Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation to assess the significance and magnitude of rainfall and extreme temperature changes in the watershed between 1981 and 2018. Furthermore, I examined the correlation between crop and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Results The temperature data indicated that the warming condition is increasing overall agroecologies. However, the extreme indices from rainfall data indicate insignificant positive and negative trends in all agroecological zones (AEZs). The warmest day (Txx) is significantly increasing overall AEZs having magnitude values close to each other, 0.0420c, 0.03960c, and 0.03850c in the highland, midland, and lowland, respectively. The coldest day (Txn) also showed an increasing insignificant and significant trend in the highland, midland, and lowland, respectively. Results of cool days (TX10p) indicate a significant decreasing trend over all three AEZs. The magnitude of the decreasing trend is about -0.040c, -0.0450c, and -0.0360c in highland, midland, and lowland, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation result indicated a strong and significant relationship between crop production and climate variables (SPEI-), which varied degrees across Conclusions Results differ in different agroecologies demanding technical, institutional, and policy responses respective of Agroecologies.
Protective effects of Khaya senegalensis stem bark extracts against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage, dyslipidaemia, and hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Heer Simren K. , Falana Ayokunle B. , Adie Mojisola A. , Adeleke Adebimpe A. , Edeani Joy N. , Falobi Abiodun A. , Ojo Constance C. , Tella Iyiola O. , Ojo Opeolu O.
Published: October 2024

Background Free radical attacks have been implicated in the aetiology of many diseases and several plants are used traditionally for the management of many oxidative-stress related diseases. Khaya senegalensis is used traditionally for the management diseases such as diabetes and for the treatment of infections. However, mechanisms underlying actions of K. senegalensis are poorly understood. Purpose This study aimed at the preliminary determination of the phytochemical constituents and investigation of the antioxidative and hepatoprotective actions of K. senegalensis in acetaminophen-treated rats. Method Aqueous extracts of K. senegalensis were screened for the presence of key phytochemicals. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were quantified. Wistar albino rats were pre-treated with saline (control) or graded concentrations of K. senegalensis (50 – 200mg/kgbw) for 10 days prior to acetaminophen (2g/kg body weight) administration. Serum levels of vitamin C, thiobarbituric reactive substances, catalase activities, enzyme markers of liver function were assessed. Cholesterol-phospholipid ratio in treated-rats were determined. Results K. senegalensis extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined as 57.14±0.85mgQE/g and 51.72±0.77mgGE/g. Acetaminophen (2g/kg bw) raised serum TBARS (4.7-fold, P<0.001), H2O2 levels (2.3-fold, P<0.001), AST (5.9-fold, P<0.001), ALT (6.6-fold, P<0.001) and ALP (4.2-fold, P<0.001) and reduced serum levels of vitamin C (54%, P<0.001) and catalase activity (74.6%, P<0.001). Treatment of K. senegalensis extracts inhibited effects of acetaminophen on TBARS (18.2% - 46.4%, P<0.05 – 0.001), vitamin C (1.4 – 1.8-fold, P<0.001 – 0.05), H2O2 levels (19.1 – 50.1%, P<0.001-0.05), catalase activities (1.4 – 3.1-fold, P<0.001 – 0.05), AST (27.7 – 62.8%, P<0.001 – 0.05), ALT (35.6 – 57.5%, P<0.001 – 0.05) and ALP (15.9 – 46.2%, P<0.01 – 0.05). The extract reduced cholesterol-phospholipid ratio (21 – 31%, P<0.05). Conclusion These results motivate further development of the therapeutic potential of K. senegalensis
Current scenario of machine learning applications to hydrothermal liquefaction via bibliometric analysis
Authors: Katongtung Tossapon , Sukpancharoen Somboon , Sinthupinyo Sakprayut , Tippayawong Nakorn
Published: October 2024

Background Energy shortages and global warming have been significant issues throughout history. Therefore, the search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources is crucial for achieving sustainability. Biomass energy is gaining global attention as a renewable energy option, particularly through the process of hydrothermal liquefaction, which converts biomass into bio-crude oil. Methods Hydrothermal liquefaction is a complex process that is challenging to explain, leading to research on machine learning models for this process. These models aim to predict values and investigate the impact of variables on the hydrothermal liquefaction process. However, the development of machine learning in hydrothermal liquefaction is still limited due to its novelty and the time required for comprehensive study. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze relevant publications in the Scopus database, focusing on indexed ML and HTL keywords, to understand keyword associations and co-citations. Results The results reveal an increasing trend in the study of ML in the HTL process, with a growing interest from various countries. Conclusion Notably, China currently holds the largest share of ML research in HTL processes, with most published works falling within the field of engineering. The keyword “liquefaction” emerges as the most popular term in these publications.
Effects of Tai Chi on Healthy Aging and Quality of Life in Seniors
Authors: Szczot Jakub , Stencel Nicola Joanna , Krala-Szkaradowska Magdalena , Skrzypczak Katarzyna Oktawia , Stuczyński Sebastian Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Purpose: As the global population ages, ensuring a good quality of life for older adults becomes increasingly crucial. Tai Chi is a mind-body practice originating from ancient China that combines elements of martial arts, meditation, and focused visualization. In recent years, it has gained increasing popularity in the West, particularly due to its numerous health benefits. The purpose of this article is to review the health benefits of Tai Chi for the elderly population.Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using the medical databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were retrieved in English, employing the keywords: „Tai Chi”, „elderly”, „ postural balance”, „ rehabilitation”, „cognition”.State of Knowledge: Tai Chi is a safe form of exercise for older adults. This practice involves slow, harmonious body movements synchronized with deep breathing and concentration. A growing body of research supports the benefits of Tai Chi as an integrative strategy in the treatment and rehabilitation of various age-related conditions. The therapeutic effects of Tai Chi for the health of seniors include improvements in balance, bone health, sleep quality, immunity, cognitive function, metabolic indicators, and cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as the alleviation of pain, symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety.Summary: Tai Chi may support healthy aging by improving balance, fitness, and quality of life in older adults, but additional research is needed to fully understand its impact on health.
Digital Forensics as a Modern Tool for Ensuring the Economic Security of Enterprises
Authors:   ANF Dnipro, Ivanov S. , Chehunova (Mysnyk) K. ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of digital forensics as a modern tool for ensuring the economic security of enterprises. The high values of the number of criminal cases opened due to fraud in recent years, and especially in 2023-2024, indicate the spread of economic threats to enterprises, which becomes especially important in the conditions of the accelerated implementation of digital technologies. The dynamics of the financial results of enterprises in Ukraine indicate the insufficiency of the potential of enterprises to ensure economic security and stable development, and also indicate the need to use more effective measures to protect, prevent, and minimize the impact of threats, which today includes digital forensics. Economic forensics in foreign companies plays an important role in ensuring their economic security and stable functioning as separate business entities. When using forensics, digital tools characteristic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are used, defining it as a high-tech service that not only allows timely detection, prediction and neutralization of various economic risks and crimes, which include financial fraud, corruption, money laundering, but also provides an opportunity to maintain economic transparency in domestic and international interactions of business structures. In Ukraine, the use of forensic practices is insufficient, despite the fact that the Association of Certified Fraud Investigation Specialists has determined that countries with a transformational economy in the business environment are most prone to economic risks, threats, and fraud. The experience of using economic forensics (especially its modern form – digital forensics) in the world allowed to determine the need for its application at domestic enterprises, which will be considered a step towards improving the corporate security culture of Ukrainian business activities, a significant contribution to the fight against economic crimes, as well as a guarantee of economic security the functioning of both individual entrepreneurs and the state economy in general.
Formation of Marketing Policy and Marketing Management at Enterprises of the Corporate Sector
Authors:   Private Institution of Higher Education ", Us G. ,   Rauf Ablyazov East European University", Gedz M. ,   Private Institution of Higher Education "Rauf Ablyazov East European University", Vasylenko V. ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical aspects of marketing management concepts, the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the marketing policy of enterprises in the context of consumer behavior management and its application in the foreign economic activity of enterprises. The essence of the concept of "marketing management" is considered. The main problems of the formation and development trends of marketing management in the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises have been studied. Marketing management in the field of foreign economic activity includes the study of the main characteristics of the modern world market, its dynamics, development trends and priorities; definition of subjects of international relations and characteristics of behavior and motivation during their marketing activities; description of the main parameters of the international marketing environment, including the competitive situation; development of an exit strategy and activity on a potential foreign market; definition of problems and specifics of the technology of marketing activities in foreign markets. Unfortunately, today there is almost no strategic vision of marketing activities, and its role in the effective functioning of the enterprise is underestimated. However, this does not deny the absence of marketing itself in the activities of domestic enterprises. The increase in sales volumes in commodity markets until recently was the result of increased demand. And not enough attention was paid to the question of the effectiveness of marketing activities. As a result of the presence of a large number of brands and free handling of them, a class of marketers was formed whose work methods do not meet the requirements of the modern market.
Methodical Support for the Organization of Marketing Management at Corporate Enterprises
Authors:   Private Institution of Higher Education ", Syvolap Yu. ,   Rauf Ablyazov East European University"
Published: October 2024

The article examines the methodological toolkit for determining the economic efficiency and effectiveness of the organization of marketing management at corporate enterprises. In today's business environment, where competition reaches a global scale, strategic marketing plays a key role in ensuring the success of corporate enterprises. The author emphasizes that effective marketing management allows companies not only to survive, but also to ensure stable development and increased profits. The lack of universal and adapted to specific conditions methodological tools for evaluating the economic effectiveness of marketing activities is a serious problem, which can lead to inadequate evaluation of results and erroneous strategic decisions. The analysis of recent studies has shown that modern marketing management requires a comprehensive approach to evaluating the effectiveness of measures. Determining investment attractiveness and implementing digital innovations are key aspects that contribute to improving economic efficiency and marketing effectiveness. Integration of the latest technologies and strategic management allow enterprises to adapt to dynamic market conditions and ensure long-term competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodological toolkit for evaluating the economic efficiency and effectiveness of marketing management at corporate enterprises. The toolkit includes cost and revenue analysis, ROI calculation (return on investment), evaluation of the impact on the brand and customer loyalty, use of the Balanced Scorecard approach, sensitivity analysis and systematic use of key performance indicators. This approach allows taking into account the specifics of large corporate organizations and adapting to dynamic market conditions. The conclusions emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to the organization of marketing management and the development of an adequate methodological toolkit for assessing its effectiveness, which takes into account the dynamics of external and internal management conditions of corporate enterprises. The integration of digital technologies and the use of big data are key elements in modern marketing management, which allows to increase the effectiveness of marketing efforts and ensure the long-term success of corporate enterprises.
Social Responsibility in the Field of Energy in the Interests of the Development of Distributed Generation and Social Stability
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Mykytenko V. , Amosha O. ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The essence and content of the processes of ensuring social responsibility by entities managing distributed generation, energy business corporations and joint-stock companies and energy regulators are defined and detailed. This made it possible to classify the main types of social responsibility and to formulate the target tasks of energy market participants. A complex of technical and technological procedures and means of coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system is proposed for use in order to harmonize the volumes and modes of electricity supply to the network from distributed generation and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. It includes: smart power system management systems; smart energy management systems; demand forecasting methods; network integration devices; technologies of energy storage and accumulation; remote monitoring and control technologies used by operators; standardization of activities and ensuring mutual compatibility of technologies; development and implementation of contingency plans and emergency scenarios to eliminate violations of energy supply regimes. For public administration entities and regulators in the performance of social responsibility functions and effective control over the activities of economic entities, it is recommended: a) to conduct an analysis of the activities of managers, an assessment of their compliance with the assigned tasks; b) clarify the responsibility of managers; c) approve reporting systems; d) determine rewards and amounts of punishment; e) engage independent experts or audit firms to evaluate activities; g) adapt the existing system of discussion and feedback; h) exercise public pressure and public reaction. The author's work made it possible to develop and propose for use a five-stage Algorithm of management actions for the coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system with the rationalization and coordination of the compatibility of volumes and modes of supply to the electricity network from distributed generation enterprises and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. Within its limits, a number of target tasks are formulated and the deadlines for those responsible for their implementation are determined.
Directions for Increasing the Level of Economic Security of Enterprises under the Influence of Digitalization and Adaptive Management
Authors:   SHEI ", Shchepka O. ,   Pryazovskyi State Technical University", Salo S. ,   SHEI "Pryazovskyi State Technical University", Hryhir S. ,   SHEI "Pryazovskyi State Technical University"
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the features of the application of the concept of adaptive management in ensuring the economic security of enterprises. The essence of economic security of the enterprise from the point of view of different approaches is defined. The classification of threats to the economic security of the enterprise by classification features from the standpoint of adaptability and sources of risk is analyzed. The principles of economic security management are systematized in the context of ensuring the appropriate level of adaptability, which include the principles of competence, hierarchy, complexity, effectiveness, adaptability, objectivity, timeliness, integration, risk orientation, continuity, planning. The main groups of decisions and measures carried out by the management of the enterprise in the process of adaptive management while ensuring economic security are characterized, which include: legal, information-analytical, personnel, resource, technical-technological, financial-economic, motivational, preventive. The tasks of adaptive management in ensuring the economic security of the enterprise are substantiated. The basic principles of the application of adaptive management of the financial security of the enterprise have been substantiated through the consistent consideration of basic concepts such as "adaptation", "adaptability", "enterprise adaptation", "adaptive management".
Vascular Injury during Total Knee Replacement and Check List to Follow in its Management: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, P.D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Agarwala Sanjay , Pruthvi K P ,   Department of Orthopedics, P.D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Vijayvargiya Mayank ,   Department of Orthopedics, P.D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Upadhyay Avinashdev ,   Department of Orthopedics, P.D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Vascular injury during total knee replacement (TKR) is a rare but potentially serious complication. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for managing these injuries effectively. Interdisciplinary collaboration with a vascular surgeon is essential to optimize patient outcomes, minimizing the risk of limb loss and other long-term complications. Case Report: We present a case of a 68-year-old woman with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who underwent bilateral TKR in a single surgical session with the right knee being the first knee. During left knee replacement, pulsatile bleeding was observed behind the femoral notch, following tourniquet deflation. Hemostasis was achieved and the procedure was completed. The patient’s oxygen saturation in the left lower limb decreased postoperatively. Computed tomography angiography revealed a 4.5 cm long thrombus in the popliteal artery at the knee joint level with adequate distal runoff. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the blockage again with collateral vessel refilling. A decision was made to undertake an exploration to address the blockage, aiming to prevent further extension of the thrombus to the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. Surgical exploration revealed a laceration and thrombus in the popliteal artery, thrombectomy was done with Fogarty which was followed by end-to-end repair. The patient’s post-operative course was closely monitored. The patient went on to have a successful outcome and recovered well. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early recognition, careful patient assessment, and immediate communication with an interventional radiologist and vascular surgeon in patients with suspected vascular injury during TKR. Interdisciplinary collaboration among orthopedic surgeons, interventional radiologists, and vascular surgeons is essential for optimizing patient outcomes in such cases. Keywords: Vascular injury, total knee replacement, popliteal artery, thrombus, digital subtraction angiography.