bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastos sociais federais no Brasil e o corte orçamentário – recorte recente
Authors: Marchesi Rodolfo Fabriz , Spalenza André Sarmento , Zanoteli Eduardo José
Published: June 2022

Os gastos sociais constituem fonte de batalha orçamentária governamental devido ao montante de recursos envolvidos em sua orçamentação. Analisar os efeitos da nova constituinte de 1988 trata-se de condição sine qua non para se entender as transformações pela qual passa a sociedade brasileria. Visto isso, com a análise de dados econômicos e baseado nas fontes orçamentárias, o presente trabalho visa elaborar uma contribuição na área orçamentária, com a finalidade de discutir o modelo de sociedade que queremos.
Revisitando as zonas de processamento de exportação como mecanismo para o desenvolvimento econômico: revisão conceitual, panorama mundial atual e possibilidades para o Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Julia Santana , Pessoti Gustavo Casseb
Published: June 2022

As discussões sobre desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil historicamente envolvem considerações sobre a industrialização e o comércio internacional. Após o esgotamento do modelo de substituição de importações, na década de 1970, e a falência das medidas liberalizantes dos anos 80, concepções mais recentes têm apontado para o fomento das exportações e o aumento da competitividade da indústria nacional como caminhos para melhorar a posição do Brasil no cenário internacional e na trilha do desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo determinar se as zonas de processamento de exportação (ZPEs) podem ser ferramentas eficazes de promoção de desenvolvimento, a partir da geração e agregação de valor às exportações brasileiras. Para tanto, se fez necessário: revisar aspectos teóricos e conceituais, buscando situar as ZPEs nas teorias sobre desenvolvimento econômico e comércio internacional; analisar experiências de outros países que implementaram zonas econômicas especiais (ZEEs) em seus territórios, buscando sintetizas lições que podem ser extraídas de seus sucessos e fracassos; e, por fim, apresentar um histórico do Programa Brasileiro de ZPEs, sua atual situação e contexto, buscando analisar seus gargalos e potencialidades. O estudo apontou que as ZPEs podem ser mecanismos capazes de fortalecer o balanço de pagamentos e promover o desenvolvimento, atraindo investimentos e gerando empregos, tanto à luz da teoria econômica quanto das experiências de outros países. Por outro lado, as informações levantadas demonstraram que o Programa Brasileiro de ZPEs ainda tem grandes desafios, que hoje tornam as ZPEs pouco competitivas na atração de empresas e capital, e também condicionam seu potencial futuro: sua estrutura legal, em termos de regras e incentivos, e o estoque de infraestrutura disponível, especialmente no setor de transportes.
Hydrogels
Authors: Ray Samit Kumar
Published: June 2022

Hydrogels are prepared by physical or chemical cross‐linking of water‐soluble polymers. Natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers may be cross‐linked physically or by a cross‐linker to produce the network structure of a hydrogel. Because of cross‐linking these polymers are not soluble in water. However, hydrogels can absorb huge amount of water, resulting in significant swelling of their three‐dimensional network structure. The swelling of a responsive and smart hydrogel strongly depends on external stimuli such as pH, temperature, salt concentration, light, and magnetic and electric fields. Hydrogels are widely reported for various applications. In fact, in recent years the research on hydrogel has been found to increase at an exponential rate, with around 8000 publications in 2021. In this article, the origin, history, theoretical modeling, synthesis, properties, classifications, characterization, and new applications of hydrogels have been discussed in detail with the citation of references till 2021.
The localization and lateralization of fear aura and its surgical prognostic value in patients with focal epilepsy
Authors: Cao Qian , Cui Tao , Wang Qun , Li Zhi‐Mei , Fan Shang‐Hua , Xiao Zhe‐Man , Pan Song‐Qing , Zhou Qin , Lu Zu‐Neng , Shao Xiao‐Qiu
Published: June 2022

Objective

Fear aura has traditionally been considered relevant to epileptic discharges from mesial temporal areas, and few studies have investigated its effect on surgical outcome in drug‐resistant epilepsy. We aim to assess the localizing and lateralizing value as well as prognostic significance of fear aura in patients with focal epilepsy.

Methods

The occurrence of fear aura in relation to epileptogenic origin and its association with postoperative outcome were analyzed in 146 consecutive patients undergoing resective surgery for intractable epilepsy.

Results

Ninety‐four (64.4%) patients reported auras, and 31 (21.2%) reported fear aura in their seizures. One hundred ten (75.3%) patients had an Engel class I outcome until last follow‐up, of whom 24 experienced fear aura preoperatively. Fear aura appeared more frequently during temporal and frontal lobe seizures, but did not lateralize the seizure onset zone. There were no significant baseline differences between patients with and without fear aura. No correlation was found between postoperative outcome and the presence of auras. Occurrence of fear aura failed to show predictive value in surgical outcome whether in pooled or subgroup analysis.

Interpretation

This study advances our understanding of the origin of fear aura, and is helpful for presurgical evaluation and outcome prediction. Without lateralizing value, fear aura is more commonly seen with temporal or frontal origin. When taken as a whole, auras do not have a significant impact on seizure outcome in focal epilepsy. Patients with fear aura are no more likely to become seizure‐free than those without fear aura.
Command filter‐based adaptive neural event‐triggered control of MIMO pure‐feedback systems with full‐state time‐varying constraints
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Huang Jun , Ding Wenwu , Zhang Tianping
Published: June 2022

This article is concerned with the issue of adaptive event‐triggered control for a class of pure‐feedback multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with full‐state time‐varying constraints. By using the hyperbolic tangent as nonlinear mapping technique, the uncertain constrained MIMO non‐affine system is changed into a novel unconstrained MIMO system. Dynamic surface control (DSC) strategy is used to solve the issue of “explosion of complexity.” Command filter is adopted to overcome the insufficient of the DSC method by the error compensation mechanism. Adaptive event‐triggered control scheme is developed for the transformed non‐affine system based on relative threshold mechanism. Radial basis function neural networks are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. All the signals in the controlled system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded by adding to compensation signals into the whole Lyapunov function. Two simulation examples demonstrate the capability of the proposed control strategy.
Cable‐Driven Continuum Robot Perception Using Skin‐Like Hydrogel Sensors
Authors: Yan Huizhen , Wang Yi , Shen Wenjun , Li Famin , Gao Guorong , Zheng Tianjiang , Xu Zhenyu , Qian Shuwen , Chen Chin‐yin , Zhang Chi , Yang Guilin , Chen Tao
Published: June 2022

The cable‐driven continuum robot (CDCR) is a highly significant soft robot that exhibits a lightweight structure, intrinsic safety properties, and a considerable degree of freedom; therefore, it can work well in confined and complex environments. However, commonly used fiber Bragg grating sensors in CDCR systems are ultra‐stiff, extremely low in elongation, and lack an adhesion mechanism; this significantly restricts the movement of the robot and tends to delaminate from it, which makes it unsuitable for integrated systems. In this study, a new strategy is developed to enable CDCR perception via skin‐like hydrogel sensors made from ionic conductive polyacrylamide/alginate/nanoclay polymeric composite hydrogels; it exhibits a fracture strain of 1840% and adheres to a CDCR backbone with an adhesion strength of 6.6 kPa. The sensors are sensitive, stable, and reliable, and they can be manually operated to draw portraits using sensing curves as painted lines. Through these sensors, the CDCR acquires proprioception for sensing movements and exteroception for sensing barriers and traps. The hydrogel sensors are further employed to build a closed‐loop control system for regulating the bending of the CDCR. This study establishes effective routes for designing sensors and closed‐loop systems that can be applied to soft robots.
Synergistic Cation–Anion Regulation of Polysulfides by Zwitterionic Polymer Binder for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Cheng , Chen Peng , Wang Yinan , Chen Tao , Liu Mingliang , Zhang Mingchang , Fu Yongsheng , Xu Jianqiang , Fu Jiajun
Published: June 2022

The practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is gravely hampered by the dissolution and shuttle of lithium polysulfides. Herein, a zwitterionic polymer binder with both lithiophilicity and sulfophilicity is skillfully designed to realize a synergistic regulation of cations and anions through the strong interactions with lithium polysulfides. The cationic quaternary ammonium group within the polymeric zwitterion can immobilize polysulfide anions and block polysulfide migration, while the sulfonate anions preferably couple with lithium ion, thus facilitating ion transfer and promoting the polysulfides redox kinetics. The dynamic networks crosslinked by both hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction enable mechanically robust cathodes to withstand the volume variation and spontaneously repair cracks upon repeated lithiation/delithiation. Benefiting from these attributes, the Li–S coin cell using the zwitterionic polymer binder delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1230.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C as well as an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle over 600 cycles at 2 C. In Li–S pouch cell level, a high areal capacity of 6.6 mAh cm−2 after 50 cycles can be obtained under a sulfur loading of up to 8.5 mg cm−2, demonstrating the potential of zwitterionic polymer binder for the further development of high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Induced Dielectric Polarization Prevails in the Electromagnetic Wave‐Absorbing Mechanism for Mn‐Based MOFs‐Derived Composites
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhou Xinfeng , Jia Zirui , Wu Hongjing , Wu Guanglei
Published: June 2022

Polymeric metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived composites are promising functional materials because of their exceptional chemical homogeneity, designable components, and adjustable pore size. The modulation of oxygen and Mn vacancies via the introduction of heteroatoms and changes in the annealing temperature in MOFs‐derived composites can be a possible solution to investigate the polarization loss mechanism, which facilitates the improvement of electromagnetic loss capacity. Herein, the design of laminate‐stacked sphere‐shaped trimetallic CoNiMn‐MOFs is presented. The derived CoNi/MnO@C composites retain the original topography of the MOFs. The concentration of oxygen vacancies increases with the incorporation of heteroatoms, but decreases with annealing temperature, which prevails in the polarization loss mechanism rather than the contribution of Mn2+ vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces. Therefore, the minimum reflection loss of the CoNi/MnO@C sample demonstrates −55.2 dB at 2.6 mm and the broad effective absorption bandwidth reaches 8.0 GHz at 2.1 mm. This work is expected to provide meaningful insights into the significant effect of ion vacancy modulation on the EM wave‐absorbing performance of Mn‐based MOFs‐derived composites.
Confinement of Prussian Blue Analogs Boxes Inside Conducting Polymer Nanotubes Enables Significantly Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Water Treatment
Authors: Song Na , Ren Siyu , Zhang Yue , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: June 2022

Tubular nanoreactor with unique void‐confinement effect has captured great attention for catalytic applications but is challenging in controllable fabrication and realizing a synergistically enhanced performance. Herein, a template polymerization‐guided synthetic strategy is presented to confine hollow Prussian blue analog boxes inside conducting polypyrrole nanotubes (H‐CoFe PBA@PPy NTs) as efficient peroxymonosulfate activator toward catalytic oxidation of toxic organic contaminants. This delicately designed H‐CoFe PBA@PPy NTs display a superior kinetic rate constant compared with the pristine CoFe PBA cubes (7.9 fold) and H‐CoFe PBA boxes (22.6 fold). Experimental evidence reveals that the generation of multiple reactive oxygen species in the nanotubes plays a vital role for the significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency for dye degradation. The superior catalytic performance is attributed to the intrinsic bimetallic CoFe PBA to provide abundant active sites, distinct nanotubular structure to concentrate the reactant molecules within a confined space, and excellent electron/mass transport property. This work presents new horizons for the design of high‐efficiency and stable catalysts with space confinement effects to promote future advanced water treatment technology.
3R Electronics: Scalable Fabrication of Resilient, Repairable, and Recyclable Soft‐Matter Electronics
Authors: Tavakoli Mahmoud , Alhais Lopes Pedro , Hajalilou Abdollah , Silva André F. , Reis Carneiro Manuel , Carvalheiro José , Marques Pereira João , de Almeida Aníbal T.
Published: June 2022

E‐waste is rapidly turning into another man‐made disaster. It is proposed that a paradigm shift toward a more sustainable future can be made through soft‐matter electronics that are resilient, repairable if damaged, and recyclable (3R), provided that they achieve the same level of maturity as industrial electronics. This includes high‐resolution patterning, multilayer implementation, microchip integration, and automated fabrication. Herein, a novel architecture of materials and methods for microchip‐integrated condensed soft‐matter 3R electronics is demonstrated. The 3R function is enabled by a biphasic liquid metal‐based composite, a block copolymer with nonpermanent physical crosslinks, and an electrochemical technique for material recycling. In addition, an autonomous laser‐patterning method for scalable circuit patterning with an exceptional resolution of <30 µm in seconds is developed. The phase‐shifting property of the BCPs is utilized for vapor‐assisted “soldering” circuit repairing and recycling. The process is performed entirely at room temperature, thereby opening the door for a wide range of heat‐sensitive and biodegradable polymers for the next generation of green electronics. The implementation and recycling of sophisticated skin‐mounted patches with embedded sensors, electrodes, antennas, and microchips that build a digital fingerprint of the human electrophysiological signals is demonstrated by collecting mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal data from the epidermis.
Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species
Authors: Austin Matthew W. , Cole Piper O. , Olsen Kenneth M. , Smith Adam B.
Published: June 2022

Premise

Although the balance between cross‐ and self‐fertilization is driven by the environment, no long‐term study has documented whether anthropogenic climate change is affecting reproductive strategy allocation in species with mixed mating systems. Here, we test whether the common blue violet (Viola sororia; Violaceae) has altered relative allocation to the production of potentially outcrossing flowers as the climate has changed throughout the 20th century.

Methods

Using herbarium records spanning from 1875 to 2015 from the central United States, we quantified production of obligately selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers and potentially outcrossing chasmogamous (CH) flowers by V. sororia, coupled these records with historic temperature and precipitation data, and tested whether changes to the proportion of CL flowers correlate with temporal climate trends.

Results

We find that V. sororia progressively produced lower proportions of CL flowers across the past century and in environments with lower mean annual temperature and higher total annual precipitation. We also find that both CL and CH flower phenology has advanced across this time period.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that V. sororia has responded to lower temperatures and greater water availability by shifting reproductive strategy allocation away from selfing and toward potential outcrossing. This provides the first long‐term study of how climate change may affect relative allocation to potential outcrossing in species with mixed mating systems. By revealing that CL flowering is associated with low water availability and high temperature, our results suggest the production of obligately selfing flowers is favored in water limited environments.
Reflecting and rejuvenating our work, together: One team's consideration of AJCP publications on gender‐based violence
Authors: Nnawulezi Nkiru , Rieger Agnes , Shaw Jessica , Greeson Megan , Lichty Lauren , Allen Nicole E.
Published: June 2022

Community psychology has long valued reflexive praxis as a critical part advancing our research and action. In this Virtual Special Issue (VSI), we, a group of community psychologists and gender‐based violence (GBV) researchers at many different points in our careers, reflected on GBV publications that have appeared in AJCP. We examine the ways in which community psychology broadly and articles in AJCP more specifically have conceptualized GBV as a sociocultural issue, how GBV intersects with other oppressions and forms of violence, the tension when systems that aspire to support survivors are inequitable and focused on ameliorative change, and the importance of interventions being locally informed and locally driven. By highlighting selected GBV‐focused articles published in AJCP, this VSI discusses (a) understanding and transforming culture via robust research and local partnerships, (b) targeting effective interventions for survivors, (c) invoking systems and targeting change in institutional environments, and (d) making connections between local efforts and broader social movements. To continue to move forward, we conclude we must reflect, embrace methodological plurality, partner, and push for structural change. Reflective questions regarding research and action are offered, to address gender‐based violence.
Diet, activity patterns, and home range use in forest and cultivated areas for one wild group of endangered crested capuchin monkeys (Sapajus robustus) in Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Martins Waldney P. , Izar Patrícia , Araujo Walter S. , Rodrigues Flávio H. , Lynch Jessica W.
Published: June 2022

Robust capuchin monkeys (Sapajusspp.) are distributed widely in the Neotropics and may be able to survive in modified landscapes because of their omnivorous, opportunistic diet. The poorly known and endangered crested capuchin monkey (Sapajus robustus) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states, Brazil. We collected data on diet and home range for a crested capuchin group with access to forest and cultivated areas. We hypothesized that with access to cultivated exotic fruit, capuchins would use cultivated areas more for feeding during the season of fruit scarcity in the surrounding forest and have a small home range size because of higher fruit availability. Both the forest and the cultivated areas peaked in fruit availability in the wet season, with a low proportion of trees producing fruit in the dry season; cultivated areas had a higher proportion of trees in fruit compared to the forest throughout the study. While monkeys consumed exotic fruits like jackfruit and oil palm, we recorded more samples of them eating forest fruits than exotic fruits in all but 1 month, and they consumed a more diverse array of forest fruits (56 species) but only six exotic species. Home range size was relatively small compared with other studies: 120.5 ha across the year (wet season 102 ha, dry season 111.5 ha). Natural and human‐intensified fruit sources in a protected area without hunting may have allowed monkeys to maintain a smaller home range size. The group composition changed during the study; this also likely influenced home range use. Studies focused on robust capuchin groups that utilize agricultural or cultivated foods may underestimate home range needs for groups without access to human‐intensified food sources. Studying crested capuchin ecology in additional locations will be important for establishing a sound species conservation program.
Test‐retest variability of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and its effects on clinical prediction models
Authors: Cullen Nicholas C. , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Bittner Tobias , Suridjan Ivonne , Jethwa Alexander , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Brum Wagner S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The effect of random error on the performance of blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be determined before clinical implementation.

Methods

We measured test‐retest variability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 and simulated effects of this variability on biomarker performance when predicting either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ status or conversion to AD dementia in 399 non‐demented participants with cognitive symptoms.

Results

Clinical performance was highest when combining all biomarkers. Among single‐biomarkers, p‐tau217 performed best. Test‐retest variability ranged from 4.1% (Aβ42/Aβ40) to 25% (GFAP). This variability reduced the performance of the biomarkers (≈ΔAUC [area under the curve] −1% to −4%) with the least effects on models with p‐tau217. The percent of individuals with unstable predicted outcomes was lowest for the multi‐biomarker combination (14%).

Discussion

Clinical prediction models combining plasma biomarkers—particularly p‐tau217—exhibit high performance and are less effected by random error. Individuals with unstable predicted outcomes (“gray zone”) should be recommended for further tests.
Assessing the performance of different outcomes for tumor growth studies with animal models
Authors: Patten Luke W. , Blatchford Patrick , Strand Matthew , Kaizer Alexander M.
Published: June 2022

The consistency of reporting results for patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) studies is an area of concern. The PDX method commonly starts by implanting a derivative of a human tumor into a mouse, then comparing the tumor growth under different treatment conditions. Currently, a wide array of statistical methods (e.g., t‐test, regression, chi‐squared test) are used to analyze these data, which ultimately depend on the outcome chosen (e.g., tumor volume, relative growth, categorical growth). In this simulation study, we provide empirical evidence for the outcome selection process by comparing the performance of both commonly used outcomes and novel variations of common outcomes used in PDX studies. Data were simulated to mimic tumor growth under multiple scenarios, then each outcome of interest was evaluated for 10 000 iterations. Comparisons between different outcomes were made with respect to average bias, variance, type‐1 error, and power. A total of 18 continuous, categorical, and time‐to‐event outcomes were evaluated, with ultimately 2 outcomes outperforming the others: final tumor volume and change in tumor volume from baseline. Notably, the novel variations of the tumor growth inhibition index (TGII)—a commonly used outcome in PDX studies—was found to perform poorly in several scenarios with inflated type‐1 error rates and a relatively large bias. Finally, all outcomes of interest were applied to a real‐world dataset.
GGC Repeat Expansion of RILPL1 is Associated with Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy
Authors: Zeng Yi‐Heng , Yang Kang , Du Gan‐Qin , Chen Yi‐Kun , Cao Chun‐Yan , Qiu Yu‐Sen , He Jin , Lv Hai‐Dong , Qu Qian‐Qian , Chen Jian‐Nan , Xu Guo‐Rong , Chen Long , Zheng Fu‐Ze , Zhao Miao , Lin Min‐Ting , Chen Wan‐Jin , Hu Jing , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Ning
Published: June 2022

Objective

Oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is an adult‐onset neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive ptosis, dysarthria, ophthalmoplegia, and distal muscle weakness. Recent studies revealed that GGC repeat expansions in 5′‐UTR of LRP12, GIPC1, and NOTCH2NLC are associated with OPDM. Despite these advances, approximately 30% of OPDM patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Herein, we aim to investigate the genetic basis for undiagnosed OPDM patients in two unrelated Chinese Han families.

Methods

Parametric linkage analysis was performed. Long‐read sequencing followed by repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction and amplicon length polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the genetic cause. Targeted methylation sequencing was implemented to detect epigenetic changes. The possible pathogenesis mechanism was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence staining of muscle biopsy samples.

Results

The disease locus was mapped to 12q24.3. Subsequently, GGC repeat expansion in the promoter region of RILPL1 was identified in six OPDM patients from two families, findings consistent with a founder effect, designated as OPDM type 4. Targeted methylation sequencing revealed hypermethylation at the RILPL1 locus in unaffected individuals with ultralong expansion. Analysis of muscle samples showed no significant differences in RILPL1 mRNA or RILPL1 protein levels between patients and controls. Public CAGE‐seq data indicated that alternative transcription start sites exist upstream of the RefSeq‐annotated RILPL1 transcription start site. Strand‐specific RNA‐seq data revealed bidirectional transcription from the RILPL1 locus. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization/immunofluorescence staining showed that both sense and antisense transcripts formed RNA foci, and were co‐localized with hnRNPA2B1 and p62 in the intranuclear inclusions of OPDM type 4 patients.

Interpretation

Our findings implicate abnormal GGC repeat expansions in the promoter region of RILPL1 as a novel genetic cause for OPDM, and suggest a methylation mechanism and a potential RNA toxicity mechanism are involved in OPDM type 4 pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:512–526
Linear Nonalternant Isomers of Acenes Fusing Multiple Azulene Units
Authors: Wang Shangshang , Tang Min , Wu Lin , Bian Lifang , Jiang Liang , Liu Jiali , Tang Zheng‐Bin , Liang Yimin , Liu Zhichang
Published: June 2022

A modular approach to azulene building blocks was developed starting from readily available aryl‐substituted cyclopentadiene and ortho‐haloaryl aldehyde by dehydration condensation followed by palladium‐catalyzed C−H coupling. It facilitates the synthesis of four nonalternant isomers of pentacene and hexacene, namely, dibenzo[e,g]azulene, benzo[1,2‐f : 5,4‐f′]diazulene, benzo[1,2‐f : 4,5‐f′]diazulene, and naphtho[2,3‐f : 6,7‐f′]diazulene, which exhibit narrow band gaps with high stability in addition to protonation‐caused enhanced near‐infrared fluorescence. We discovered that in these isomers, i) constitutional isomerism influences significantly their photoelectric properties and ii) the elongation of the conjugation system does not necessarily lead to a narrowing in the band gap. Due to the easy modifiability of the nonazulene building blocks, this strategy can be extended to modularly prepare numerous multiazulene‐fused aromatics.
A Stable and Conductive Covalent Organic Framework with Isolated Active Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Acetate
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Feng , Huang Jia‐Run , Yu Can , Zhao Zhen‐Hua , Zhu Hao‐Lin , Ke Zhuofeng , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2022

Electroreduction of CO2to acetate provides a promising strategy to reduce CO2emissions and store renewable energy, but acetate is usually a by‐product. Here, we show a stable and conductive two‐dimensional phthalocyanine‐based covalent‐organic framework (COF) as an electrocatalyst for reduction of CO2to acetate with a single‐product Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.3(2)% at −0.8 V (vs. RHE) and a current density of 12.5 mA cm−2in 0.1 M KHCO3solution. No obvious degradation was observed over 80 hours of continuous operation. Combined with the comparison of the properties of other catalysts with isolated metal active sites, theoretical calculations and in situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that the isolated copper‐phthalocyanine active site with high electron density is conducive to the key step of C−C coupling of *CH3with CO2to produce acetate, and can avoid the coupling of *CO with *CO or *CHO to produce ethylene and ethanol.
Capture of Hydroxyl Radicals by Hydronium Cations in Water Microdroplets
Authors: Xing Dong , Meng Yifan , Yuan Xu , Jin Shuihui , Song Xiaowei , Zare Richard N. , Zhang Xinxing
Published: June 2022

Despite the high stability of bulk water, water microdroplets possess strikingly different properties, such as the presence of hydroxyl radicals (OH⋅) at the air–water interface. Previous studies exhibited the recombination of OH⋅ into H2O2 molecules and the capture of OH⋅ by oxidizing other molecules. By spraying pure water microdroplets into a mass spectrometer, we detected OH⋅ in the form of (H4O2)+ that is essentially OH⋅−H3O+, a hydroxyl radical combined with a hydronium cation through hydrogen bonding. We also successfully captured it with two OH⋅ scavengers, caffeine and melatonin, and key oxidation radical intermediates that bear important mechanistic information were seen. It is suggested that some previous reactions involving (H4O2)+ should be attributed to reactions with OH⋅−H3O+ rather than with the water dimer cation (H2O−OH2)+.
Zn0.52V2O5−a⋅1.8 H2O Cathode Stabilized by In Situ Phase Transformation for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐Long Cyclability
Authors: Liang Wenhao , Rao Dewei , Chen Tao , Tang Rongfeng , Li Jun , Jin Huile
Published: June 2022

Developing cathode materials integrating good rate performance and sufficient cycle life is the key to commercialization of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The hyperstable Zn0.52V2O5−a⋅1.8 H2O (ZVOH) cathode with excellent rate performance has been successfully developed via an in situ self‐transformation from zinc‐rich Zn3V3O8 (ZVO) in this study. Different from the common synthetic method of additional Zn2+ pre‐insertion, ZVOH is obtained from the insertion of structural H2O and the removal of excess Zn2+ in ZVO, ensuring the lattice structure of ZVOH remains relatively intact during the phase transition and rendering good structural stabilities. The ZVOH delivers a reversible capacity of 286.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and of 161.5 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 over 18 000 cycles with a retention of 95.4 %, demonstrating excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. We also provide new insights on the structural self‐optimization of Znx(CF3SO3)y(OH)2x−y⋅n H2O byproducts and the effect on the mobility of Zn2+ by theoretical calculations and experimental evidence.
Preparation of poly(melamine‐formaldehyde‐2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine) high‐performance fibers
Authors: He Jianming , Liu Shaoying , Chen Dongliang , Wang Gongying , Wang Qingyin
Published: June 2022

Melamine formaldehyde fiber is widely used in various fields because of its excellent heat resistance and flame‐retardant properties. In this study, melamine and paraformaldehyde are used as the main raw materials, 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) is successfully introduced into the molecular chain. The TFMB modified spinning solutions (MF‐TFMB) are obtained by one‐step copolymerization, the TFMB‐modified melamine‐formaldehyde fibers (MFF‐TFMB) are prepared by dry spinning. The surface contact angle and surface energy are measured by a contact angle measuring instrument. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the fibers are measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer and a single‐fiber strength tester. The results show that the introduction of the TFMB group reduces the surface free energy of the polymer and effectively improves the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the fiber. When the addition amount of TFMB is 3%, the MFF‐TFMB‐3% fiber has smooth surface and bubble‐free inside, the breaking strength is 2.25 cN/dtex and the elongation at break is 11.85%. The limiting oxygen index is 32.5%, and the mass loss rate is decreased from 63.88% to 51.36% at 400°C. The fiber has excellent thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties.
Self‐dispersible waterborne comb‐like polyester with alkali resistance and pigment‐dispersion capability
Authors: Fu Hao , Gong Shu‐ling
Published: June 2022

Waterborne polyester is a common eco‐friendly material in which ester bonds are easy to hydrolyze. Therefore, we synthesized a series of waterborne comb‐like polyesters (WCPEs) with hydrophilic side chains through aza‐Michael addition under green and mild conditions. The physicochemical structure of the polyesters was verified by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC characterizations. The pH value of dispersions dropped by less than 0.7 after storage for 2 months. The dispersions remained stable after 6 months at room temperature. In addition, the WCPEs exhibited good wetting and dispersing ability for pigment particles as Tego 740 W, which is a mature pigment dispersant product for waterborne coatings. Moreover, the cross‐linked WCPEs exhibited excellent chemical resistance, there was only 1.2% weight loss, and almost no mechanism properties decline for cross‐linked transparent films even after treatment under an alkaline environment for 20 days. Thus, the synthesized WCPE has potential application as an alkali resistance eco‐friendly material, and possesses excellent performance as pigment‐dispersion resin.
Developing artificial nest boxes for a large aquatic mammal
Authors: Kunnasranta Mervi , Niemi Marja , Auttila Miina
Published: June 2022

Nest boxes and other human‐made constructions have been widely and successfully used as conservation tools to increase nest‐availability for hollow‐dependent fauna, especially birds and some small and medium mammals.

This study applies, for the first time, this recovery technique to a large aquatic mammal, aiming to improve resting, birthing and nursing sites of endangered Saimaa ringed seals (Pusa hispida saimensis) by developing artificial nest boxes. This landlocked subspecies' breeding habitat is severely affected by climate change. Because of mild winters, sufficient ice and snow habitat for subnivean lairs is lacking.

In this study, floating nest boxes were developed. It was found that free‐ranging ringed seals accept nest boxes as sites for resting, birthing and nursing. Thirty‐four boxes in total were offered during six successive breeding seasons. Almost half (47%) of the available boxes were used by seals, and two pups were born and reared in the boxes during the 6‐year study.

Our study indicates that this innovative technique can be a valuable tool for the Saimaa ringed seal conservation in the changing climate.
Optical analysis of Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Pr3+ phosphors for lighting applications
Authors: Shahab Khan P. , Jamalaiah B. C.
Published: June 2022

A series of praseodymium (Pr3+) ion activated Sr3Gd(1−x)(PO4)3:xPr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol%) phosphors were prepared and their structural, compositional and luminescence properties were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction profiles indicate that the studied phosphors crystallized into body centred cubic structure and the Pr3+ ions have no influence on Sr3Gd(PO4)3 phase. The high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy images show the agglomeration of particles that are inter‐connected and form irregular shape Sr3Gd(PO4)3 structures. The excitation transitions corresponding to Pr3+:3H4 → 3P2,1,0 transitions at 445, 471 and 483 nm, respectively, matched well with the emission of blue‐light‐emitting diode (LED) chip. The emission spectra show strong reddish‐orange luminescence through 1D2 → 3H4 transition when excited at 445 nm blue wavelength. The synthesized phosphors have the potential to be used as reddish‐orange lighting devices.
Statins associate with lower risk of biliary tract cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Yeung Yan Wang Matthew , Wong Wing Sum , Li Bofei , Seto Wai Kay , Leung Wai K.
Published: June 2022

Background

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), encompassing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancers (AVC), are common hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma with a high mortality rate. As there is no effective chemopreventive agent to prevent BTCs, this study aimed to explore the role of statins on the risk of BTCs.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until 24 April 2020 were searched according to the Meta‐Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of BTCs and individual cancer were pooled using a random‐effects model.

Results

Eight observational studies (3 cohort and 5 case–control studies) were included with 10,485,231 patients. The median age was 68.0 years (IQR: 67.0–71.5) and 48.3% were male. Statins were associated with a lower risk of all BTCs (aRR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.87). The pooled aRR for CCA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38–0.94) and GBC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.90). There was only one study on AVC with aRR of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.66–1.41). The pooled aRR for lipophilic and hydrophilic statins was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69–0.88) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.80), respectively. The effects were attenuated in studies that adjusted for aspirin and/or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.89) and metformin (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.90).

Conclusions

Statins, both lipophilic and hydrophobic, were associated with a lower risk of BTCs, particularly CCA and GBC.
Synthesis of New Pyrimidine‐Triazole Derivatives and Investigation of Their Anticancer Activities
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Hıdır Arzu , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım
Published: June 2022

Aromatase inhibitors are the most used anticancer drug group in breast cancer cases. The development of resistance in cancer patients over time and the side effects of existing drugs make the need for new and effective agents permanent. In this study, 10 novel pyrimidine‐triazole derivatives were synthesized and their anticancer activities were investigated. Compounds 5c and 5g showed inhibitor activity against MCF‐7 cell line with IC50=1.573±0.020; 3.698±0.056 μM value, respectively. As a result of in vitro aromatase enzyme inhibition test, compounds 5c and 5g were exhibited significant activity with IC50=0.082±0.007 μM and IC50=0.198±0.015 μM, respectively. Estimated physicochemical parameters were calculated using the online SwissADME program for all compounds. Interaction modes of the compounds 5c and 5g were investigated against aromatase enzyme by means of docking studies. As a result of the studies, the importance of the triazole ring for aromatase inhibition has been understood.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Long‐Range Isomerization of Aryl Olefins
Authors: Ge Qianyi , Meng Jingjie , Liu Huikang , Yang Zehua , Wu Zhengxing , Zhang Wanbin
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Long‐range olefin isomerization could lead to the remote functionalization of hydrocarbon chains, which is advantageous with regards to atom‐, step‐, and redox economy. However, present methodologies for long‐range olefin isomerization are mainly focused on heteroatom directed remote olefin migration; studies using aryl groups as the directing group are limited. The limited examples either utilize aryl olefins with special substituted groups on a benzene ring, or use elaborately optimized ligands or co‐catalysts to accelerate the isomerization. A more simple catalytic system for general aryl olefins, without the need for special ligands or co‐catalysts, was to be developed. Herein, we report a Pd‐catalyzed long‐range olefin isomerization (up to 15 units) for general aryl olefins via a 1,2‐hydrogen shift mechanism. This methodology provides a simple pathway to long‐range olefin isomerization without the participation of special ligands or co‐catalysts.
Evaluating the sustainability of patient navigation programs in oncology by length of existence, funding, and payment model participation
Authors: Garfield Kathryn M. , Franklin Elizabeth F. , Battaglia Tracy A. , Dwyer Andrea J. , Freund Karen M. , Wightman Patrick D. , Rohan Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

For this study, the authors examined whether specific programmatic factors were associated with the sustainability of patient navigation programs.

METHODS

This cross‐sectional survey explored navigation programmatic factors associated with 3 measures of sustainability: 1) length of program existence, 2) reliance on sustainable funding, and 3) participation in alternative payment models. In total, 750 patient navigators or program administrators affiliated with oncology navigation programs in clinical‐based and community‐based settings completed the survey between April and July 2019.

RESULTS

Associations were observed between both accreditation and work setting and measures of program sustainability. Accredited programs and larger, more resourced clinical institutions were particularly likely to exhibit multiple measures of sustainability. The results also identified significant gaps at the programmatic level in data collection and reporting among navigation programs, but no association was observed between programmatic data collection/reporting and sustainability.

CONCLUSIONS

Navigation is not currently a reimbursable service and has historically been viewed as value‐added in oncology settings. Therefore, factors associated with sustainability are critical to understand how to build a framework for successful navigation programs within the current system and also to develop the case for potential reimbursement in the future.
Collective pursuit for equity in cancer care: The National Navigation Roundtable
Authors: Dwyer Andrea J. , Wender Richard C. , Staples Elsa S. , Dean Monica S. , Sharpe Katherine , Fleisher Linda , Burhansstipanov Linda , Johnson Wenora , Martinez Laura , Wiatrek Dawn E. , Calhoun Elizabeth , Battaglia Tracy A. ,   the National Navigation Roundtable
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The evidence continues to build in support of implementing patient navigation to reduce barriers and increase access to care. However, health disparities remain in cancer outcomes. The goal of the National Navigation Roundtable (NNRT) is to serve as a convener to help support the field of navigation to address equity.

METHODS

To examine the progress and opportunities for navigation, the NNRT submitted a collection of articles based on the results from 2 dedicated surveys and contributions from member organizations. The intent was to help inform what we know about patient navigation since the last dedicated examination in this journal 10 years ago.

RESULTS

The online survey of >700 people described navigators and examined sustainability and policy issues and the longevity, specific role and function, and impact of clinical and nonclinical navigators in addition to the role of training and supervision. In addition, a full examination of coronavirus disease 2019 and contributions from member organizations helped further define progress and future opportunities to meet the needs of patients through patient navigation.

CONCLUSIONS

To achieve equity in cancer care will demand the sustained action of virtually every component of the cancer care system. It is the hope and intent of the NNRT that the information presented in this supplement will be a catalyst for action in this collective action approach.
Creating orthophotos with unmanned aerial vehicles and examining its accuracy and usability in geodetic applications
Authors: Divit Kadi Ayse , Gokalp Ertan , Kadi Fatih
Published: June 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles, one of the technologies that aim to produce data in many scientific studies, has widespread use in many engineering applications, especially in cartography applications. UAV, which can meet the high accuracy required in many studies, offer users the opportunity to produce point cloud and maps for various aims. It is aimed to produce a high‐resolution orthophoto map of the study area in this study. In addition, the accuracy of the orthophoto map produced for the areas classified according to topographic structures in the study area has been checked with GNSS measurements, and its compliance with the standards specified in the regulation has been examined. According to the results; Considering the root square mean error values of three axes, it has been searched whether the accuracy values of the products obtained are suitable according to the regulation and it has been determined that these values are within the limits. Then, the application of testing the accuracy of the orthophoto map has been started. When all checkpoints have been examined, the maximum error values in x, y, and h directions have been found to be 5.9, 4.5, and 4.9 cm, respectively.
The moderating effect of contextual factors and employees' demographic features on the relationship between CSR and work‐related attitudes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Garrido‐Ruso María , Aibar‐Guzmán Beatriz
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to identify the conditions under which corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects employees' work‐related attitudes. A meta‐analysis of 42 studies published between 1999 and 2019 is elaborated considering the moderating effect of several contextual factors (country, industry, and national culture' values) and employees' demographic features (gender, age, education, tenure, and position) on the impact of perceived CSR on three work‐related attitudes (organizational identification, commitment, and turnover intentions). The results reveal that the positive impact of CSR in employees' attitudes is not universal, it may vary due to the level of development and the national culture of the country where a company operates, the industry to which it belongs as well as employees' age and position. Furthermore, although individually some variables do not have a significant moderating effect, they are significant in combination with other variables, which opens new research avenues. The findings provide valuable help to human resource management policies.
An improved adaptive spherical unscented Kalman filtering method for the accurate state‐of‐charge estimation of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Qi Chuangshi , Wang Shunli , Cao Wen , Yu Peng , Xie Yanxin
Published: June 2022

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium‐ion batteries is the main parameter of the battery management system. To improve the accuracy of lithium‐ion battery SOC estimation, this paper uses a double RC physical characteristic circuit network to model the polarization reaction inside the battery and realizes the full parameter identification of the model based on the double‐exponential fitting strategy. Then, using the spherical unscented transform (SUT) to realize the selection of sigma points and the calculation of weight coefficients, at the same time, the adaptive factor is introduced to correct the error covariance matrix in real time and an adaptive spherical unscented Kalman filter (AS‐UKF) algorithm. Finally, the algorithm is compared with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) algorithms through simulation. The results show that the average error of the AS‐UKF algorithm is reduced by 0.5% and 1.18% under the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) and the Beijing Bus Dynamic Street Test (BBDST) conditions. The AS‐UKF algorithm not only improves the accuracy but also is more stable.