bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loading Round Wood in Forestry Trucks and Forestry Platforms: A Case Study for Romania
Authors: Mușat Elena Camelia , Abutnăriței Gheorghiță Lucian , Hogea Dumitrel Daniel , Miu Lucian Denis , Avram Vasile Nicolae , Saicu Ștefan , Derczeni Rudolf Alexandru
Published: September 2024

Wood, as the main product of the forest, must be brought from the forest to various beneficiaries by various vehicles. The choice of a particular type of vehicle should consider the characteristics of the area from which the wood is loaded, the wood-storage yard, and the availability of a certain model. Besides this, the assortments and quantities of wood to be transported influence, to a large extent, the type of vehicle, which has consequences for transport efficiency and productivity. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the wood-loading process in various types of transport vehicles in terms of time consumption for each working phase and the factors that can affect productivity. The research was carried out in four counties of Romania and addressed the loading of wood in different forestry trucks and platforms, with or without trailers. Transport distances were documented in Brasov County based on 200 transport documents. To evaluate the transport distances in the case of wood intended for contractors, field measurements were carried out in three different are as managed by the private Lignum Forest District (Bacău County). The study of the loading process and productivity estimation at loading was carried out in three locations, namely Bacău County, Sibiu County, and Caraș-Sever in County. To observe whether there are differences in the loading of tree lengths from the harvesting area in various types of vehicles (forestry trucks—ATF—and forestry platforms—APF), research was carried out in Caraș-Sever in County. After processing the data, it was found that in the forests managed by the state and in the forests owned by the local public administrations, the fuelwood reaches mainly locals, and the working wood reaches some wood processing companies. For forestry trucks (ATFs), the loading time was somewhat constant, while for forestry platforms (APF), it varied, with differences observed from the first to the last loading. Following the evaluation of the work-element phases specific to the operation of loading round wood into vehicles, it was found that, sometimes, significant importance is given to the working elements as phases of preparation of the wooden material that can be carried out before the loading process, in order to load it. To eliminate delays in the loading process, it is recommended that logs are prepared before loading, which will increase productivity and it will decrease the risk of accidents for workers who perform these tasks during the loading process.
Hemp Seed Protein Hydrolysate Enriched with γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Peptides by Microbial Bioconversion
Authors: Park Yun-Ho , Kim Joo-Hyeong , Shin Dong-Min , Lee Sam-Pin
Published: September 2024

Hemp seed protein (HSP), a by-product of hemp oil processing, was converted into a functional protein ingredient enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and peptides through a two-step microbial fermentation process. To enhance peptide and free amino acid production from HSP, it was hydrolyzed using alkaline protease produced by Bacillus subtilis HA. The HSP was hydrolyzed at a degree of 40% at 55 °C for 24 h, yielding a pH of 6.55, an acidity of 1.22%, and 205.45 mg% tyrosine equivalents. This process resulted in the production of low molecular-weight peptides. (<5000 Da) The total amino acid content and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) were 6.78 mg/g and 1.47 mg/g. Subsequently, the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the HSP hydrolysate was optimized through co-fermentation with lactic acid bacteria in the presence of 5% MSG at 30 °C for 5 days. The serial co-fermented HSP hydrolysate exhibited a GABA content of 33.98 mg/g and a viable bacterial count of 9.51 log CFU/mL for Lb. plantarum KS2020. This serial co-fermentation process, combining proteolysis and lactic acid fermentation, not only increased the peptide content but also promoted GABA accumulation, positioning HSP hydrolysate as a promising candidate for functional foods with potential health benefits.
Germplasm Resource Mining of Fen-Flavor Baijiu Brewing Micro-Organisms and Screening of Important Functional Strains
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Zhang Tianyang , Hou Zhixing , Dang Ling , Chen Min , Bai Baoqing , Yang Yukun , Fan Sanhong , Bo Tao
Published: September 2024

The exploration of microbial genetic resources for the production of fFen-flavor Baijiu has not only enriched the microbial library for baijiu production but has also laid the foundation for process improvement and strain optimization in baijiu brewing. In this study, a total of 177 fungal isolates were screened, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, molds, and some pathogenic bacteria. Among them, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most abundant with 119 isolates, playing a major role in the fermentation of baijiu production. A total of 148 bacterial isolates were obtained from the fermentation mash samples, showing greater diversity compared to fungi. Bacillus species were the most abundant, with 94 isolates. Bacillus licheniformis, in particular, can produce a rich enzymatic system and flavor precursors, making it an important contributor to the sensory quality of baijiu. Lactic acid bacteria were the second most abundant, with 16 isolates. Additionally, five pathogenic fungal species were identified, including Candida pelliculosa, Candida lusitaniae, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Talaromyces marneffei. Six pathogenic bacterial species were also isolated, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Moraxella osloensis, Actinomyces meyeri and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Finally, two strains of high acetate ethyl ester-producing yeast and lactate-degrading bacteria with good tolerance to temperature, pH, and ethanol concentration were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively.
Impact of Forest Fires on the Trees and Wood Quality—A Case Study for a Beech Stand
Authors: Mușat Elena Camelia
Published: September 2024

Wood quality has been an ongoing concern for science, having become increasingly important in the current context, in which the demand for wood is increasing and forest fires are more frequent and violent. This study aims to evaluate the quality of wood in trees affected by fires and the negative impact of these phenomena on the speed of wood degradation, as a result of weakening the trees due to the action of stress factors. The study was carried out using modern techniques on beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) remaining in an area affected by a litter fire in 2017. Measurements were taken with the Arbotom Rinntech sound tomograph, the IML Resi F-500S resist graph, and the Pressler core sampler to observe the quality of the wood inside the trees. It was found that all the trees were in various stages of decay, the tomograms being able to characterize the severity of decay only in the case of fully decayed wood as a result of the action of xylophages fungi, whose harmful influence is more pronounced when the injuries sustained by the trees are higher. Although the trees attempted to close the fire wounds through their own defense mechanisms, the destructive action of the fungi intensified with time. After the forest fires, for an effective assessment of the wood’s internal quality, the resist graph can be used. For valuable trees, one could use the tomograph, but the measurements have to be taken only by qualified operators.
Effect of Low-Proportion Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Neanthes japonica Meal on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Muscle Texture, Serum Biochemistry, Digestive Enzymes and Gene Expression in Juvenile Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes
Authors: Gao Qingyan , Fan Yuhan , Zhang Renxiao , Fang Jinghui , Ma Qiang , Wei Yuliang , Liang Mengqing , Liu Feng , Xu Houguo
Published: September 2024

The polychaeta Neanthes japonica is a common by-product in mariculture ponds. It is rich in essential nutrients, but has not been well-explored. Therefore, this 56-day experiment investigated the effects of substituting N. japonica meal for dietary fishmeal on juvenile tiger puffer (15.49 ± 0.02 g, n = 450 fish). The control diet (CON) contained 40% fishmeal. Freeze-dried N. japonica meal (FNM) was supplemented into CON at the levels of 3% (FNM3), 6% (FNM6), and 9% (FNM9), replacing fishmeal. The fifth diet contained 6% oven-dried N. japonica meal (ONM6), replacing fishmeal. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in growth, feed efficiency, and somatic index among all the treatment groups. The feed intake of the FNM6 group was significantly higher compared to CON. No significant difference was detected in fish proximate composition, as well as the fatty acid composition, amino acid composition, and muscle texture. The supplementation of N. japonica meal decreased the activities of intestinal lipase and α-amylase. The addition of freeze-dried N. japonica meal significantly up-regulated the expression of the intestinal amino-glycine transporter pat1. It was concluded that adding 9% N. japonica meal to the feed had no significant effect on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile tiger puffer.
Comparative Performance Assessment between Incompressible and Compressible Solvers to Simulate a Cavitating Wake
Authors: Chen Jian , Geng Linlin , Jou Esteve , Escaler Xavier
Published: September 2024

To study the effects of fluid compressibility on the dynamics of a cavitating vortex street flow in a regime where the vortex shedding frequency increases as a result of the cavitation increase, the cavitating wake behind a wedge was simulated employing both incompressible and compressible solvers. To do this, a compressible cavitation model was implemented, modifying the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) incompressible solver and including a pressure limit and absorbing boundary conditions to prevent a non-physical pressure field. To validate the performance of the compressible model, preliminary simulations were carried out on a 1D Sod cavitating tube and the cavitating vortex shedding behind a circular body at laminar flow conditions. The results of the cavitating wake behind the wedge with the incompressible and the compressible solvers showed similar predictions in terms of pressure, vortex shedding frequency, and instantaneous and average vapor volume fraction profiles. In spite of this, differences were obtained in the energy content of the fluid force fluctuations on the body at higher frequencies, which appear to be better resolved and amplified when the compressibility model is considered. Overall, both solvers provided comparable results in terms of cavitation phenomena that are well aligned with experimental observations.
Microencapsulation by Complex Coacervation of Lavender Oil Obtained by Steam Distillation at Semi-Industrial Scale
Authors: Székely-Szentmiklósi István , Rédai Emőke Margit , Szabó Zoltán-István , Kovács Béla , Albert Csilla , Gergely Attila-Levente , Székely-Szentmiklósi Blanka , Sipos Emese
Published: September 2024

Lavender oil (LEO) is one of the most well-known essential oils worldwide which, besides its extensive application in aromatherapy, serves as raw material for various fields, including the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Accordingly, several global requirements were established to warrant its quality. Microencapsulation represents an emerging technology widely applied for the preservation of essential oils, simultaneously providing new ways of application. In the current study, lavender oil was obtained from the flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. on a semi-industrial-scale steam distillation system. According to the GC-MS investigation, lavender oil obtained in the third year of cultivation met the European Pharmacopoeia standards for linalyl acetate and linalool contents ≈38% and ≈26%, respectively. Microcapsules (MCs) containing the so-obtained essential oil were successfully produced by complex coacervation technology between gum arabic (GA) and three different grades of type-A gelatin (GE). Optical microscopic investigations revealed a significant difference in particle size depending on the gelatin grade used. The variation observed for coacervates was well reflected on the scanning electron micrographs of the freeze-dried form. The highest encapsulation efficiency values were obtained by UV-VIS spectrophotometry for microcapsules produced using gelatin with the medium gel strength. FT-IR spectra confirmed the structural modifications attributed to microencapsulation. According to the GC-MS analysis of the freeze-dried form, the characteristic components of lavender oil were present in the composition of the encapsulated essential oil.
Antioxidant Peptides and Protein Hydrolysates from Tilapia: Cellular and In Vivo Evidences for Human Health Benefits
Authors: Ng Wen-Jie , Wong Fai-Chu , Abd Manan Fazilah , Chow Yit-Lai , Ooi Ai-Lin , Ong Mei-Kying , Zhang Xuewu , Chai Tsun-Thai
Published: September 2024

Antioxidant peptides derived from aquatic organisms have attracted tremendous research interest due to their potential applications in human health. Tilapia is one of the most widely farmed aquaculture species globally. The current understanding of tilapia-derived antioxidant peptides is gradually expanding. This review discusses the current knowledge of peptides and protein hydrolysates derived from tilapia muscle, skin, and scales, whose antioxidant capacity has been validated in various cellular and in vivo models. To date, at least 16 peptides and several hydrolysates have been identified from tilapia that protect human and non-human cell models against oxidative injury. Tilapia hydrolysates and peptide mixtures have also shown protective effects in animal models of oxidative stress-associated diseases and exercise-induced oxidative injury and fatigue. The key mechanisms of tilapia hydrolysates and peptide mixtures involve enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and suppressing radical production. Notably, such hydrolysates also exerted additional in vivo functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and antiaging properties. Taken together, tilapia-derived antioxidant peptides and hydrolysates represent a valuable source of functional ingredients for applications in functional food, dietary supplements, and therapeutic applications. Continued research into their health benefits is warranted in the future.
The Role of Camellia Shell Substrates in Modulating the Nutritional Characteristics of Pleurotus pulmonarius
Authors: Huang Yikai , Wang Weike , Lu Na , Yu Jing , Chen Shaoning , Liang Zongsuo
Published: September 2024

Camellia shells are the main by-product of camellia seed processing and are usually incinerated or disposed of as agricultural waste. In this study, camellia shells were employed in the Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivation process using five distinct formulae substituting for cottonseed shells. Our results show that as the substitution rate of camellia shells increased from 0% to 35%, the protein content in P. pulmonarius significantly increased from 34.05% to 53.35%. The polysaccharide content reached a peak value of 5.62% at 30% substitution of camellia shells. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate reached its maximum of 82.70% at 20% substitution of camellia shells. Furthermore, increases in the total amino acid contents in P. pulmonarius were positively correlated with the substitution rate of camellia shells. Considering the yield characteristics, the formula of 20% camellia shell substitution tested in this study appears to be optimal for P. pulmonarius cultivation. These findings not only provide a substrate to enhance the nutritional quality of P. pulmonarius but also demonstrate a novel approach for the ecological utilization of camellia shells.
The Consumption of the Fibrous Fraction of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. Does Not Preserve the Intestinal Mucosa in TNBS-Induced Rats
Authors: Moya Amanda Maria Tomazini Munhoz , Alexandrino Thaís Dolfini , Morari Joseane , Reguengo Livia Mateus , Velloso Licio Augusto , Leal Raquel Franco , Junior Stanislau Bogusz , Pereira Ana Paula Aparecida , Pastore Glaucia Maria , Bicas Juliano Lemos , Cazarin Cinthia Baú Betim
Published: September 2024

Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. is considered a natural anti-inflammatory. In traditional medicine, it is used to reduce cholesterol levels in the treatment of obesity. Foods capable of conferring a protective and nutritious effect have been used to prevent or attenuate the clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the impact of the consumption of the fibrous fraction (FF) and resistant starch (RS) of fruta-do-lobo in an experimental model of colitis induced with the use 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats. The different colitis groups all experienced decreased weight gain, which could be linked to the inflammatory process (p = 0.603). Additionally, the experimental model led to increased oxidative stress, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the elevated gene expression of these cytokines. Despite this, consuming the fibrous fraction of fruta-do-lobo (RS and FF) did not appear to protect the animals against the inflammatory process. Regarding the expression of TNF-α, only the group treated with the drug mesalamine had a reduced serum level of this inflammatory marker (p = 0.03). Our results showed that the diet containing RS and FF did not protect the intestinal mucosa against TNBS inflammation. New studies on the variation in the time of consumption or the supplemented dose of fruta-do-lobo fibers could help to elucidate their effects in protecting the mucosa.
Occurrence, Molecular Serogroups, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from RTE Meat Products in Southern Poland
Authors: Pyz-Łukasik Renata , Piróg-Komorowska Anna , Policht Agata
Published: September 2024

L. monocytogenes is considered one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in RTE meat products from southern Poland, including serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility, and to assess the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for identifying L. monocytogenes. A total of 848 production batches of RTE meat products were analyzed for L. monocytogenes. All L. monocytogenes isolates were serotyped using the multiplex PCR method, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method and identified using the MALDI-TOF MS method. L. monocytogenes was detected in 52/848 batches of RTE meat products (6.13%). The isolates belonged to four serogroups: 17/52 (33%) isolates to IVb; 15/52 (29%) isolates to IIa; 10/52 (19%) isolates to IIc and 10/52 (19%) isolates to IIb. All isolates (52/52) showed susceptibility to the tested antimicrobials. Using MALDI-TOF MS, 10/52 isolates (19.2%) were identified at the level of secure genus identification, probable species identification; 37/52 isolates (71.2%) were identified at the level of probable genus identification; 3/52 isolates (5.8%) were incorrectly identified as L. innocua; and 2/52 isolates (3.8%) were not identified. The occurrence of L. monocytogenes in RTE meat products was low. Almost half of the analyzed isolates were L. monocytogenes of serogroups, which are most often associated with listeriosis in humans in Poland. All isolates showed susceptibility to five commonly used antimicrobials for treating listeriosis. The use of MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for the identification of L. monocytogenes indicated its limitations related to the insufficient representation of the pathogen in the reference database.
Green Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Protocatechuic Acid from Mango Juice
Authors: Zhang Liping , Song Xin , Dong Yuxiao , Zhao Xiyan
Published: September 2024

A novel and environmentally friendly molecularly imprinted polymer (PCA-MIP) was successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution for the selective extraction of protocatechuic acid (PCA). In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES, choline chloride/methacrylic acid, 1:2, mol/mol) and chitosan were employed as the eco-friendly functional monomers. These two components interacted with PCA through hydrogen bonding, integrating a multitude of recognition sites within the PCA-MIP. Thus, the resulting PCA-MIP exhibited outstanding adsorption performance, rapid adsorption rate, and better selectivity, with a maximum binding capacity of 30.56 mg/g and an equilibrium time of 30 min. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses revealed that the synthesized polymers possessed a uniform morphology and substantial surface areas, which were conducive to their adsorption properties. Moreover, the PCA-MIP integrated with HPLC demonstrated its efficacy as an adsorbent for the selective extraction of PCA from mango juice. The PCA-MIP presented itself as an exemplary adsorbent, offering a highly effective and eco-friendly method for the enrichment of PCA from complex matrices.
Non-Local Problems for the Fractional Order Diffusion Equation and the Degenerate Hyperbolic Equation
Authors: Ruziev Menglibay , Parovik Roman , Zunnunov Rakhimjon , Yuldasheva Nargiza
Published: September 2024

This research explores nonlocal problems associated with fractional diffusion equations and degenerate hyperbolic equations featuring singular coefficients in their lower-order terms. The uniqueness of the solution is established using the energy integral method, while the existence of the solution is equivalently reduced to solving Volterra integral equations of the second kind and a fractional differential equation. The study focuses on a mixed domain where the parabolic section aligns with the upper half-plane, and the hyperbolic section is bounded by two characteristics of the equation under consideration and a segment of the x-axis. By utilizing the solution representation of the fractional-order diffusion equation, a primary functional relationship is derived between the traces of the sought function on the x-axis segment from the parabolic part of the mixed domain. An explicit solution form for the modified Cauchy problem in the hyperbolic section of the mixed domain is presented. This solution, combined with the problem’s boundary condition, yields a fundamental functional relationship between the traces of the unknown function, mapped to the interval of the equation’s degeneration line. Through the conjugation condition of the problem, an equation with fractional derivatives is obtained by eliminating one unknown function from two functional relationships. The solution to this equation is explicitly formulated. For a specific solution of the proposed problem, visualizations are provided for various orders of the fractional derivative. The analysis demonstrates that the derivative order influences both the intensity of the diffusion (or subdiffusion) process and the shape of the wave front.
Bitcoin, Fintech, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Pollution Nexus: Chaotic Dynamics with Threshold Effects in Tail Dependence, Contagion, and Causality
Authors: Bildirici Melike E. , Ersin Özgür Ömer , Uçan Yasemen
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the nonlinear contagion, tail dependence, and Granger causality relations with TAR-TR-GARCH–copula causality methods for daily Bitcoin, Fintech, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in addition to examining these series for entropy, long-range dependence, fractionality, complexity, chaos, and nonlinearity with a dataset spanning from 25 June 2012 to 22 June 2024. Empirical results from Shannon, Rényi, and Tsallis entropy measures; Kolmogorov–Sinai complexity; Hurst–Mandelbrot and Lo’s R/S tests; and Phillips’ and Geweke and Porter-Hudak’s fractionality tests confirm the presence of entropy, complexity, fractionality, and long-range dependence. Further, the largest Lyapunov exponents and Hurst exponents confirm chaos across all series. The BDS test confirms nonlinearity, and ARCH-type heteroskedasticity test results support the basis for the use of novel TAR-TR-GARCH–copula causality. The model estimation results indicate moderate to strong levels of positive and asymmetric tail dependence and contagion under distinct regimes. The novel method captures nonlinear causality dynamics from Bitcoin and Fintech to energy consumption and CO2 emissions as well as causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions and bidirectional feedback between Bitcoin and Fintech. These findings underscore the need to take the chaotic and complex dynamics seriously in policy and decision formulation and the necessity of eco-friendly technologies for Bitcoin and Fintech.
“Our Children Are Dead”: Past and Anticipated Adversity Shaping Caregiving and Cultural Reproduction among Banyamulenge Refugee Families in Rwanda
Authors: Tuyishimire Benjamin , Kwaks Juul M. , Berckmoes Lidewyde H.
Published: September 2024

It is well known that experiences of extreme adversity strongly impact caregiving and family dynamics. In this study, we explore how caregiving is shaped by experiences of war and displacement among a community experiencing protracted, ongoing conflict and displacement, namely, Congolese Banyamulenge refugee families in Rwanda. The findings are based on six months of ethnographic team research with Banyamulenge refugee families living in semi-urban southern Rwanda. Among the caregivers, including people who arrived several years ago and others who have lived in Rwanda for over two decades, we found a strong longing for home and past cattle-herding life. We also found that caregivers emphasized the transmission of “survival tactics” as well as Banyamulenge identity and culture. We argue that these caregiving objectives and practices speak to the community’s experiences of material and existential losses in the past, as well as those anticipated in the unknown future. Second, parental caregiving efforts appear to lead to increased intergenerational dissonance, with children wishing to integrate into their host community. While this finding appears in line with much of the migration literature about intergenerational family relationships and conflict, we find that children’s orientation is not only informed by the host environment but also stems from a desire to relieve their parents’ suffering from loss and help them invest in more optimistic futures. Finally, while our findings suggest profound changes in social and cultural reproduction in the long term, we argue for caution, as ongoing changes in war dynamics in DR Congo may inform shifts in ideas on belonging among the children. The findings provide new insights for understanding how caregiving may be affected by war and displacement while effecting change in war-affected, displaced communities.
Ethical Aspects of Human Genome Research in Sports—A Narrative Review
Authors: Bojarczuk Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Human genome research in sports raises complex ethical considerations regarding the intersection of genetics and athletic performance. Pursuing genetic enhancements must uphold fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity. This narrative review explores the ethical dimensions of human genome research in sports, its potential implications on athletes, and the integrity of sports. As a narrative review, this study synthesizes the existing literature and expert insights to examine the ethical aspects of human genome research in sports. This study extensively examined the current literature on genetics, sports performance, ethical concerns, human rights, and legal regulations within the European context. The literature was searched using the SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Exploring human genome research in sports reveals significant ethical implications, including potential genetic discrimination, impacts on human rights, and creating a genetic underclass of athletes. There are also definite benefits surrounding genetic testing. In conclusion, this review contends that integrating ethical considerations into developing and applying genetic technologies in sports is crucial to upholding fundamental principles of fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity. It stresses the importance of open and inclusive dialogue about the potential consequences of genetic advancements on athletic performance, future generations, and the integrity of sports.
Smoltification of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Is Associated with Enhanced Traffic and Renewal of B Cell Repertoire
Authors: Krasnov Aleksei , Afanasyev Sergey , Hansen Marianne H. S. , Bou Marta , Sveen Lene , Dessen Jens-Erik
Published: September 2024

The smoltification of farmed Atlantic salmon is commonly associated with mild immunosuppression. However, B cells may deviate from this trend, showing increased proliferation and migration during this period. This study assessed the effects of smoltification and adaptation to seawater in a controlled experiment. Analyses were conducted on the head kidney, spleen, gill, and both visceral and subcutaneous fat (VAT, SAT) across four time points: parr, early and complete smoltification, and twelve weeks post-seawater transfer. Gene expression analysis was performed to track the distribution and developmental changes in their B cells. Expression profiles of three types of immunoglobulins (ig), including membrane-bound and secreted forms of igm, as well as B cell-specific markers pax1 and cd79, showed strong correlations and contrasted with profiles of other immune cell markers. The highest levels of expression were observed in the lymphatic tissue, followed by the VAT. Enhanced expression in the gill and adipose tissues of smolts suggested an increase in B cell populations. Parallel sequencing of the variable region of the IgM heavy chain was used to track B cell traffic, assessed by the co-occurrence of the most abundant sequences (clonotypes) across different tissues. Smoltification markedly enhanced traffic between all tissues, which returned to initial levels after twelve weeks in the sea. The preferred migration between the head kidney, spleen, and VAT supports the role of abdominal fat as a reservoir of lymphocytes. These findings are discussed in the context of recent studies that suggested the functional significance of B cell traffic in Atlantic salmon. Specifically, the migration of B cells expressing secreted immunoglobulins to virus-infected hearts has been identified as a key factor in the disease recovery and survival of fish challenged with salmon alphavirus (SAV); this process is accelerated by vaccination. Additionally, the study of melanized foci in the skeletal muscles revealed an association between antigen-dependent differentiation and the migration of B cells, indicating a transfer from local to systemic immune responses. Updating the antibody repertoire in the lymphatic and peripheral tissues of smolts may assist in their adaptation to the marine environment and in encountering new pathogens. Emerging evidence highlights B cell migration as an important and previously unrecognized immune mechanism in salmonids.
Can Vitamin D Levels Influence Bone Metabolism and Osseointegration of Dental Implants? An Umbrella Review
Authors: Tallon Eduardo , Macedo José Paulo , Faria Ana , Tallon José Maria , Pinto Marta , Pereira Jorge
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Due to the large amount of scientific evidence on the subject and the limitations and incongruities in previous reviews, the primary aim of this umbrella review is to gather all the information regarding the importance of vitamin D levels in the osseointegration of dental implants. Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Complete throughout the search expression [“vitamin D” AND (“dental implant” OR “dental implants”)]. Results: The initial search yielded 351 results, but at the end of the process, only five systematic reviews were selected. Conclusions: Vitamin D seems to have a positive effect on the osseointegration of dental implants and on the reduction of dental implant failures; however, it is recommended that future studies take into account the limitations mentioned in this study in order to increase the validity and quality of scientific evidence on the subject.
Multidimensional Analysis of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Short- and Long-Term Intrathecal Analgesic Therapy
Authors: Sánchez-García Manuel Alejandro , Alcázar-Navarrete Bernardino , Cortiñas-Saenz Manuel , Cordero Tous Nicolás , Gálvez Mateos Rafael
Published: September 2024

Background: Intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) is part of the fourth analgesic step. Evidence on the quality of life of patients with refractory chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) using these devices and their long-term outcomes is scarce. This study aims to evaluate patients with IDD to assess their HRQoL. Additionally, the study seeks to understand the patients’ satisfaction with the treatment and changes in pain magnitude over time. Methods: Adult patients with CNCP and intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) were included. The study population was divided into two groups: less than and more than 15 years of treatment. HRQoL was analyzed using validated questionnaires. Pain reduction was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), and treatment satisfaction was evaluated using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale. Results: The results indicate a poor HRQoL in IDD patients, with better scores in the group with ≥15 years of treatment. Pain reduction was similar in both groups, and patients reported a positive satisfaction level with the treatment. Conclusions: HRQoL in CNCP patients is severely affected. Long-term IDD patients have a similar or even better HRQoL in some respects compared to those with shorter follow-ups. IDD patients experienced pain reduction, with most feeling better or much better.
Psychosocial Impacts of Idiopathic Clubfoot on Parents and Children: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Roslan Nurhanis Syazni , Abdul Halim Syurahbil , Munajat Ismail , Sulong Sarina
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Idiopathic clubfoot is a complex pediatric foot deformity. The Ponseti technique is widely regarded as the standard for correcting deformities, and treatment compliance is essential for preventing relapse. Examining psychosocial effects on parents and/or children during clubfoot treatment provides valuable insights for improving compliance. This scoping review will map the existing literature on the psychological and social effects experienced by parents and/or children with idiopathic clubfoot. It also aims to examine the assessment tools used to measure these impacts and identify factors influencing treatment compliance. Methods: This review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews. The search will include databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO and focus on studies published in the last 10 years. This review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies that investigate the psychological and social effects experienced by parents or affected children of any age with idiopathic clubfoot. Reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) extension guidelines. The screening and data extraction process will involve two independent reviewers. The analysis will be descriptive and qualitative. Results: The findings will be presented in tables and a narrative summary. Conclusion: This review may guide health practitioners in developing evidence-based interventions to improve treatment adherence.
Transcriptome Analysis Identified PyNAC42 as a Positive Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Induced by Nitrogen Deficiency in Pear (Pyrus spp.)
Authors: Zhang Jianhui , Song Bobo , Chen Guosong , Yang Guangyan , Ming Meiling , Zhang Shiqiang , Xue Zhaolong , Han Chenhui , Li Jiaming , Wu Jun
Published: September 2024

Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants, which contribute to fruit color and nutritional value. Anthocyanins can be regulated by environmental factors such as light, low temperature, water conditions, and nutrition limitations. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macroelement for plant development, its deficiency as a kind of nutrition limitation often induces anthocyanin accumulation in many plants. However, there is a lack of reports regarding the effect of nitrogen deficiency on anthocyanin biosynthesis in pears. In this study, we found that N deficiency resulted in anthocyanin accumulation in pear callus and upregulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway structural genes (PyPAL, PyCHS, PyCHI, PyF3H, PyDFR, PyANS, and PyUFGT) and key regulatory factors (PyMYB10, PyMYB114, and PybHLH3). Through analysis of transcriptome data of treated pear callus and RT-qPCR assay, a differentially expressed gene PyNAC42 was identified as significantly induced by the N deficiency condition. Overexpression of PyNAC42 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in “Zaosu” pear peels. Additionally, dual luciferase assay and yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that PyNAC42 could not directly activate the expression of PyDFR, PyANS, and PyUFGT. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays confirmed that PyNAC42 interacted with PyMYB10 both in vivo and in vitro. Co-expression of PyNAC42 and PyMYB10 significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in “Zaosu” pear peels. Dual luciferase assay showed that PyNAC42 significantly enhanced the activation of PyDFR, PyANS, and PyUFGT promoters by interacting with PyMYB10, which suggests that PyNAC42 can form the PyNAC42-PyMYB10 complex to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear. Thus, the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis induced by N deficiency is preliminarily elucidated. Our finding has expanded the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis and enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nutrient deficiency modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear.
Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Ageing: An Editorial
Authors: Pringle Andy , Kime Nicky
Published: September 2024

The Healthy Ageing Challenge aims for people to enjoy at least five extra healthy, independent years of life by 2035, while narrowing the gap between the experiences of the richest and poorest [...]
Management of Patients with Colorectal Cancer through Fast-Track Surgery
Authors: Scala Arianna , D’Amore Antonio , Mannelli Maria Pia , Mensorio Mario , Improta Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women globally. CRC is considered a priority public health issue due to its incidence and the high associated costs. Surgery is the predominant therapeutic approach for CRC. Given the involvement of the intestinal tract in the surgical process, there is a significant increase in postoperative morbidity rates, and the average length of hospital stay (LOS) tends to lengthen. In this research, we employed the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology, specifically utilizing the DMAIC cycle, to identify and subsequently examine the effects of fast-track surgery on hospitalization times for interventions related to CRC at the AORN “Antonio Cardarelli” Hospital in Naples (Italy). The process analysis, guided by the DMAIC cycle, facilitated a reduction in the median LOS from 14 days to 12 days. The most notable improvement was observed in the 66–75 age group without comorbidities. The LSS approach provides methodological rigor, as previously recognized, enabling substantial enhancements to the process. This involves standardizing outcomes, minimizing variability, and achieving an overall reduction in the LOS from 14 to 12 days.
Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Effectively Suppress Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Bonardi Alessandro , Nocentini Alessio , de Luca Viviana , Capasso Clemente , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Eldehna Wagdy M. , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer management by combining the antitumor effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1), specifically isoforms IV, IX, and XII. H2S has demonstrated cytotoxicity against various cancers at high concentrations. The inhibition of tumor-associated CAs leads to lethal intracellular alkalinization and acidification of the extracellular tumor microenvironment and restores tumor responsiveness to the immune system, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The study proposes H2S donor–CA inhibitor (CAI) hybrids for tumor management. These compounds effectively inhibit the target CAs, release H2S consistently, and exhibit potent antitumor effects against MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, and A549 cancer cell lines. Notably, some compounds display high cytotoxicity across all investigated cell lines. Derivative 30 shows a 2-fold increase in cytotoxicity (0.93 ± 0.02 µM) under chemically induced hypoxia in HCT-116 cells. These compounds also disturb the cell cycle, leading to a reduction in cell populations in G0/G1 and S phases, with a notable increase in G2/M and Sub-G1. This disruption is correlated with induced apoptosis, with fold increases of 37.2, 24.5, and 32.9 against HCT-116 cells and 14.2, 13.1, and 19.9 against A549 cells compared to untreated cells. These findings suggest the potential of H2S releaser–CAI hybrids as effective and versatile tools in cancer treatment.
Association of MicroRNA Expression and Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels with Clinical and Radiological Findings in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Domínguez-Mozo María , Casanova Ignacio , Monreal Enric , Costa-Frossard Lucienne , Sainz-de-la-Maza Susana , Sainz-Amo Raquel , Aladro-Benito Yolanda , Lopez-Ruiz Pedro , De-Torres Laura , Abellán Sara , Garcia-Martinez Maria , De-la-Cuesta David , Lourido Daniel , Torrado-Carvajal Angel , Gomez-Barbosa Carol , Linares-Villavicencio Carla , Villar Luisa , López-De-Silanes Carlos , Arroyo Rafael , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: September 2024

microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for many diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker that can detect axonal damage in different neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the expression profile of pre-selected miRNAs and NfL levels with clinical and radiological variables in MS patients. We conducted a 1-year longitudinal prospective study in MS patients with different clinical forms. We measured clinical disability using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry baseline, and cognitive functioning using the processing speed test (PST) at baseline and 1 year later. Selected serum miRNAs and serum NfL (sNfL) levels were quantified. Seventy-three patients were recruited. MiR-126.3p correlated with EDSS and cognitive status at baseline and miR-126.3p and miR-9p correlated with cognitive deterioration at 1 year. Correlations with regional brain volumes were observed between miR-126.3p and the cortical gray matter, cerebellum, putamen, and pallidum; miR-146a.5p with the cerebellum and pallidum; miR-29b.3p with white matter and the pallidum; miR-138.5p with the pallidum; and miR-9.5p with the thalamus. sNfL was correlated with miR-9.5p. miR-146a.5p was also associated with the MS phenotype. These data justify future studies to further explore the utility of miRNAs (mirR-126.3p, miR-146.5p, and miR.9-5p) and sNfL levels as biomarkers of MS.
PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Modulates Microglial and Astroglial Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Zubareva Olga E. , Kharisova Adeliya R. , Roginskaya Anna I. , Kovalenko Anna A. , Zakharova Maria V. , Schwarz Alexander P. , Sinyak Denis S. , Zaitsev Aleksey V.
Published: September 2024

The role of astroglial and microglial cells in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is currently under active investigation. It has been proposed that the activity of these cells may be regulated by the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). This study investigated the effects of a seven-day treatment with the PPAR β/δ agonist GW0742 (Fitorine, 5 mg/kg/day) on the behavior and gene expression of the astroglial and microglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the rat brain within a lithium–pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE resulted in decreased social and increased locomotor activity in the rats, increased expression of astro- and microglial activation marker genes (Gfap, Aif1), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (Tnfa, Il1b, Il1rn), and altered expression of other microglial (Nlrp3, Arg1) and astroglial (Lcn2, S100a10) genes in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebral cortex. GW0742 attenuated, but did not completely block, some of these impairments. Specifically, the treatment affected Gfap gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus and Aif1 gene expression in the cortex. The GW0742 injections attenuated the TLE-specific enhancement of Nlrp3 and Il1rn gene expression in the cortex. These results suggest that GW0742 may affect the expression of some genes involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis.
Modulation of Photosensitizing Responses in Cell Culture Environments by Different Medium Components
Authors: Lee Hyowon , Hong Jungil
Published: September 2024

Many cell culture experiments are performed under light to evaluate the photodynamic or photosensitizing efficacy of various agents. In this study, the modulation of photosensitizing responses and phototoxicity under cell culture conditions by different medium components was investigated. The significant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from DMEM, RPMI 1640, and MEM were observed under the irradiation of fluorescent light (FL) and white and blue LEDs, indicating that these media have their own photosensitizing properties; DMEM showed the most potent property. Phenol red-free DMEM (Pf-D) exhibited a stronger photosensitizing property than normal DMEM by 1.31 and 1.25 times under FL and blue LEDs, respectively; phenol red and riboflavin-free DMEM (PRbf-D) did not show any photosensitizing properties. The inhibitory effect on light transmission was more pronounced in DMEM than in RPMI, and the interference effect on green LED light was greatest at 57.8 and 27.4%, respectively; the effect disappeared in Pf-D. The media containing riboflavin induced strong phototoxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes by generating H2O2 under light irradiation, which was quenched by sodium pyruvate in the media. The presence of serum in the media was also reduced the phototoxicity; H2O2 levels in the media decreased serum content dependently. The phototoxicity of erythrosine B and protoporphyrin IX under FL was more sensitively pronounced in PRbf-D than in DMEM. The present results indicate that several medium components, including riboflavin, phenol red, sodium pyruvate, and serum, could modulate photosensitizing responses in a cell culture system by inducing photosensitizing activation and by interfering with irradiation efficacy and ROS generation.