bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Advanced Backcross Tomato Population Enables High Resolution Leaf QTL Mapping and Gene Identification
Authors: Fulop Daniel , Ranjan Aashish , Ofner Itai , Covington Michael F , Chitwood Daniel H , West Donelly , Ichihashi Yasunori , Headland Lauren , Zamir Daniel , Maloof Julin N , Sinha Neelima R
Published: August 2016

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping is a powerful technique for dissecting the genetic basis of traits and species differences. Established tomato mapping populations between domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its more distant interfertile relatives typically follow a near isogenic line (NIL) design, such as the S. pennellii Introgression Line (IL) population, with a single wild introgression per line in an otherwise domesticated genetic background. Here, we report on a new advanced backcross QTL mapping resource for tomato, derived from a cross between the M82 tomato cultivar and S. pennellii. This so-called Backcrossed Inbred Line (BIL) population is comprised of a mix of BC2 and BC3 lines, with domesticated tomato as the recurrent parent. The BIL population is complementary to the existing S. pennellii IL population, with which it shares parents. Using the BILs, we mapped traits for leaf complexity, leaflet shape, and flowering time. We demonstrate the utility of the BILs for fine-mapping QTL, particularly QTL initially mapped in the ILs, by fine-mapping several QTL to single or few candidate genes. Moreover, we confirm the value of a backcrossed population with multiple introgressions per line, such as the BILs, for epistatic QTL mapping. Our work was further enabled by the development of our own statistical inference and visualization tools, namely a heterogeneous hidden Markov model for genotyping the lines, and by using state-of-the-art sparse regression techniques for QTL mapping.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Polyadenylation Events in Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Lakshmanan Vairavan , Bansal Dhiru , Kulkarni Jahnavi , Poduval Deepak , Krishna Srikar , Sasidharan Vidyanand , Anand Praveen , Seshasayee Aswin , Palakodeti Dasaradhi
Published: August 2016

In eukaryotes, 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) play important roles in regulating posttranscriptional gene expression. The 3′UTR is defined by regulated cleavage/polyadenylation of the pre-mRNA. The advent of next-generation sequencing technology has now enabled us to identify these events on a genome-wide scale. In this study, we used poly(A)-position profiling by sequencing (3P-Seq) to capture all poly(A) sites across the genome of the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, an ideal model system for exploring the process of regeneration and stem cell function. We identified the 3′UTRs for ∼14,000 transcripts and thus improved the existing gene annotations. We found 97 transcripts, which are polyadenylated within an internal exon, resulting in the shrinking of the ORF and loss of a predicted protein domain. Around 40% of the transcripts in planaria were alternatively polyadenylated (ApA), resulting either in an altered 3′UTR or a change in coding sequence. We identified specific ApA transcript isoforms that were subjected to miRNA mediated gene regulation using degradome sequencing. In this study, we also confirmed a tissue-specific expression pattern for alternate polyadenylated transcripts. The insights from this study highlight the potential role of ApA in regulating the gene expression essential for planarian regeneration.
Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations Near Sexually Antagonistic Genes
Authors: Connallon Tim , Jordan Crispin Y
Published: August 2016

Mutation generates a steady supply of genetic variation that, while occasionally useful for adaptation, is more often deleterious for fitness. Recent research has emphasized that the fitness effects of mutations often differ between the sexes, leading to important evolutionary consequences for the maintenance of genetic variation and long-term population viability. Some forms of sex-specific selection—i.e., stronger purifying selection in males than females—can help purge a population’s load of female-harming mutations and promote population growth. Other scenarios—e.g., sexually antagonistic selection, in which mutations that harm females are beneficial for males—inflate genetic loads and potentially dampen population viability. Evolutionary processes of sexual antagonism and purifying selection are likely to impact the evolutionary dynamics of different loci within a genome, yet theory has mostly ignored the potential for interactions between such loci to jointly shape the evolutionary genetic basis of female and male fitness variation. Here, we show that sexually antagonistic selection at a locus tends to elevate the frequencies of deleterious alleles at tightly linked loci that evolve under purifying selection. Moreover, haplotypes that segregate for different sexually antagonistic alleles accumulate different types of deleterious mutations. Haplotypes that carry female-benefit sexually antagonistic alleles preferentially accumulate mutations that are primarily male harming, whereas male-benefit haplotypes accumulate mutations that are primarily female harming. The theory predicts that sexually antagonistic selection should shape the genomic organization of genetic variation that differentially impacts female and male fitness, and contribute to sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fitness variation.
Transcriptome Profiling IdentifiesMultiplexinas a Target of SAGA Deubiquitinase Activity in Glia Required for Precise Axon Guidance DuringDrosophilaVisual Development
Authors: Ma Jingqun , Brennan Kaelan J , D’Aloia Mitch R , Pascuzzi Pete E , Weake Vikki M
Published: August 2016

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex is a transcriptional coactivator with histone acetylase and deubiquitinase activities that plays an important role in visual development and function. In Drosophila melanogaster, four SAGA subunits are required for the deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated histone H2B (ubH2B): Nonstop, Sgf11, E(y)2, and Ataxin 7. Mutations that disrupt SAGA deubiquitinase activity cause defects in neuronal connectivity in the developing Drosophila visual system. In addition, mutations in SAGA result in the human progressive visual disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7). Glial cells play a crucial role in both the neuronal connectivity defect in nonstop and sgf11 flies, and in the retinal degeneration observed in SCA7 patients. Thus, we sought to identify the gene targets of SAGA deubiquitinase activity in glia in the Drosophila larval central nervous system. To do this, we enriched glia from wild-type, nonstop, and sgf11 larval optic lobes using affinity-purification of KASH-GFP tagged nuclei, and then examined each transcriptome using RNA-seq. Our analysis showed that SAGA deubiquitinase activity is required for proper expression of 16% of actively transcribed genes in glia, especially genes involved in proteasome function, protein folding and axon guidance. We further show that the SAGA deubiquitinase-activated gene Multiplexin (Mp) is required in glia for proper photoreceptor axon targeting. Mutations in the human ortholog of Mp, COL18A1, have been identified in a family with a SCA7-like progressive visual disorder, suggesting that defects in the expression of this gene in SCA7 patients could play a role in the retinal degeneration that is unique to this ataxia.
Prospects of Genomic Prediction in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection: Historical Data Creates Robust Models for Enhancing Selection of Accessions
Authors: Jarquin Diego , Specht James , Lorenz Aaron
Published: August 2016

The identification and mobilization of useful genetic variation from germplasm banks for use in breeding programs is critical for future genetic gain and protection against crop pests. Plummeting costs of next-generation sequencing and genotyping is revolutionizing the way in which researchers and breeders interface with plant germplasm collections. An example of this is the high density genotyping of the entire USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. We assessed the usefulness of 50K single nucleotide polymorphism data collected on 18,480 domesticated soybean (Glycine max) accessions and vast historical phenotypic data for developing genomic prediction models for protein, oil, and yield. Resulting genomic prediction models explained an appreciable amount of the variation in accession performance in independent validation trials, with correlations between predicted and observed reaching up to 0.92 for oil and protein and 0.79 for yield. The optimization of training set design was explored using a series of cross-validation schemes. It was found that the target population and environment need to be well represented in the training set. Second, genomic prediction training sets appear to be robust to the presence of data from diverse geographical locations and genetic clusters. This finding, however, depends on the influence of shattering and lodging, and may be specific to soybean with its presence of maturity groups. The distribution of 7608 nonphenotyped accessions was examined through the application of genomic prediction models. The distribution of predictions of phenotyped accessions was representative of the distribution of predictions for nonphenotyped accessions, with no nonphenotyped accessions being predicted to fall far outside the range of predictions of phenotyped accessions.
Identification of Functional Domains in the Cohesin Loader Subunit Scc4 by a Random Insertion/Dominant Negative Screen
Authors: Shwartz Michal , Matityahu Avi , Onn Itay
Published: August 2016

Cohesin is a multi-subunit complex that plays an essential role in genome stability. Initial association of cohesin with chromosomes requires the loader—a heterodimer composed of Scc4 and Scc2. However, very little is known about the loader’s mechanism of action. In this study, we performed a genetic screen to identify functional domains in the Scc4 subunit of the loader. We isolated scc4 mutant alleles that, when overexpressed, have a dominant negative effect on cell viability. We defined a small region in the N terminus of Scc4 that is dominant negative when overexpressed, and on which Scc2/Scc4 activity depends. When the mutant alleles are expressed as a single copy, they are recessive and do not support cell viability, cohesion, cohesin loading or Scc4 chromatin binding. In addition, we show that the mutants investigated reduce, but do not eliminate, the interaction of Scc4 with either Scc2 or cohesin. However, we show that Scc4 cannot bind cohesin in the absence of Scc2. Our results provide new insight into the roles of Scc4 in cohesin loading, and contribute to deciphering the loading mechanism.
Cross-Validation Without Doing Cross-Validation in Genome-Enabled Prediction
Authors: Gianola Daniel , Schön Chris-Carolin
Published: August 2016

Cross-validation of methods is an essential component of genome-enabled prediction of complex traits. We develop formulae for computing the predictions that would be obtained when one or several cases are removed in the training process, to become members of testing sets, but by running the model using all observations only once. Prediction methods to which the developments apply include least squares, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of markers, or genomic BLUP, reproducing kernels Hilbert spaces regression with single or multiple kernel matrices, and any member of a suite of linear regression methods known as “Bayesian alphabet.” The approach used for Bayesian models is based on importance sampling of posterior draws. Proof of concept is provided by applying the formulae to a wheat data set representing 599 inbred lines genotyped for 1279 markers, and the target trait was grain yield. The data set was used to evaluate predictive mean-squared error, impact of alternative layouts on maximum likelihood estimates of regularization parameters, model complexity, and residual degrees of freedom stemming from various strengths of regularization, as well as two forms of importance sampling. Our results will facilitate carrying out extensive cross-validation without model retraining for most machines employed in genome-assisted prediction of quantitative traits.
Genome Evolution in Three Species of CactophilicDrosophila
Authors: Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Peñaloza Fernando , Carpinteyro-Ponce Javier , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor , Abreu-Goodger Cei , Machado Carlos A , Markow Therese Ann
Published: August 2016

We report genomes of two species of cactophilic Drosophila: Drosophila arizonae and D. navojoa. These two are the closest relatives of D. mojavensis, forming the D. mojavensis cluster. D. mojavensis and D. arizonae diverged from D. navojoa ∼5.8 Mya, while the split between D. arizonae and D. mojavensis is more recent, at 1.5 Mya. Together the three genomes provide opportunities to examine genomic changes associated with speciation and host shifts in this ecologically defined group of flies. The three species are also separated by fixed inversion differences in three of their six chromosomes. While the levels of nucleotide divergence in the colinear chromosomes are significantly lower than in the inverted chromosomes, consistent with a past role of the inversions in preventing gene flow, the patterns differ among the inverted chromosomes when the locations of nucleotides inside or outside of the inversions are considered. For Muller element E, there is greater divergence external to the inversion breakpoints. For Muller A, the divergence is slightly higher inside the inversions, while for Muller B, the breakpoints and hence the difference in substitutions in relation to the inversions could not be determined. The differences among the inverted chromosomes, especially once the breakpoints are clearly established, could aid in dating the origins of the inversions.
Genome-Wide Association Studies with a Genomic Relationship Matrix: A Case Study with Wheat and Arabidopsis
Authors: Gianola Daniel , Fariello Maria I , Naya Hugo , Schön Chris-Carolin
Published: August 2016

Standard genome-wide association studies (GWAS) scan for relationships between each of p molecular markers and a continuously distributed target trait. Typically, a marker-based matrix of genomic similarities among individuals (G) is constructed, to account more properly for the covariance structure in the linear regression model used. We show that the generalized least-squares estimator of the regression of phenotype on one or on m markers is invariant with respect to whether or not the marker(s) tested is(are) used for building G, provided variance components are unaffected by exclusion of such marker(s) from G. The result is arrived at by using a matrix expression such that one can find many inverses of genomic relationship, or of phenotypic covariance matrices, stemming from removing markers tested as fixed, but carrying out a single inversion. When eigenvectors of the genomic relationship matrix are used as regressors with fixed regression coefficients, e.g., to account for population stratification, their removal from G does matter. Removal of eigenvectors from G can have a noticeable effect on estimates of genomic and residual variances, so caution is needed. Concepts were illustrated using genomic data on 599 wheat inbred lines, with grain yield as target trait, and on close to 200 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions.
A Forward Genetic Screen and Whole Genome Sequencing Identify Deflagellation Defective Mutants inChlamydomonas, Including Assignment of ADF1 as a TRP Channel
Authors: Hilton Laura K , Meili Fabian , Buckoll Paul D , Rodriguez-Pike Julie C , Choutka Courtney P , Kirschner Jaime A , Warner Freda , Lethan Mette , Garces Fabian A , Qi Jingnan , Quarmby Lynne M
Published: August 2016

With rare exception, ciliated cells entering mitosis lose their cilia, thereby freeing basal bodies to serve as centrosomes in the formation of high-fidelity mitotic spindles. Cilia can be lost by shedding or disassembly, but either way, it appears that the final release may be via a coordinated severing of the nine axonemal outer doublet microtubules linking the basal body to the ciliary transition zone. Little is known about the mechanism or regulation of this important process. The stress-induced deflagellation response of Chlamydomonas provides a basis to identifying key players in axonemal severing. In an earlier screen we uncovered multiple alleles for each of three deflagellation genes, ADF1, FA1, and FA2. Products of the two FA genes localize to the site of axonemal severing and encode a scaffolding protein and a member of the NIMA-related family of ciliary-cell cycle kinases. The identity of the ADF1 gene remained elusive. Here, we report a new screen using a mutagenesis that yields point mutations in Chlamydomonas, an enhanced screening methodology, and whole genome sequencing. We isolated numerous new alleles of the three known genes, and one or two alleles each of at least four new genes. We identify ADF1 as a TRP ion channel, which we suggest may reside at the flagellar transition zone.
Desafios da operacionalização do Método da Roda: experiência em Sobral (CE)
Authors: Ponte Hermínia Maria Sousa da , Oliveira Lucia Conde de , Ávila Maria Marlene Marques
Published: August 2016

O texto discorre sobre os atuais desafios institucionais da operacionalização do Método da Roda, tendo como cenário o Sistema Municipal de Saúde de Sobral (CE). Considera-se que as Rodas representam possibilidade de construção de espaços coletivos e de constituição de sujeitos, com capacidade de análise e de intervenção como estratégias de democracia institucional. Na sua operacionalidade, ficou evidente o predomínio da dimensão administrativa, em detrimento da pedagógica, da política e da terapêutica. Os trabalhadores expressaram pouco engajamento político e afetivo, o que tem sido realizado em uma relação demanda-execução, com absenteísmo de algumas categorias profissionais.
Prefeitos eleitos, descentralização na saúde e os compromissos com o SUS
Authors: Lobato Lenaura de Vasconcelos Costa , Martich Evangelina , Pereira Ingrid D'avilla Freire
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa a municipalização na saúde por meio das proposições para a política de saúde de prefeitos eleitos no ano de 2012. Realizou-se análise documental das plataformas de governo dos então candidatos e de documentos oficiais da política e da gestão municipais de saúde - Relatórios das Conferências Municipais de Saúde e Planos Municipais de Saúde - de 24 municípios brasileiros nas cinco regiões do País. Os resultados indicam que os programas das candidaturas, em geral, incorporam a defesa do direito à saúde, embora principalmente através da ampliação da oferta de serviços médicos.
Gestão de serviços de saúde: analisando a identidade na graduação
Authors: Faria Mateus Aparecido de , Silva Analise de Jesus da
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é encontrar indicações no Projeto Político-Pedagógico da graduação em Gestão de Serviços de Saúde - versões 2008 e 2013 - sobre quais caminhos esse curso tem trilhado e com qual área de conhecimento mais se relaciona. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa documental cuja análise dos dados abordou três vertentes: administração, saúde coletiva e multidisciplinar. Além da busca argumentativa de defesa das três vertentes, tentou-se expandir o debate para outros campos de disputas que não o cotidiano do curso com o objetivo de fortalecer essa formação em saúde.
Validação de instrumento para análise do dano estético no Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Mário Marques , Plana Juan Antonio Cobo , Bouchardet Fernanda Capurucho Horta , Michel-Crosato Edgard , Oliveira Rogério Nogueira de
Published: August 2016

Este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as questões constantes do instrumento espanhol de Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético, proposto por Cobo Plana (2010), para sua possível utilização no Brasil, bem como validar tal instrumento junto a cirurgiões-dentistas da área de Odontologia Legal. Os avaliadores aplicaram o método, constituído de quatro quadros, por meio de uma sequência de dez imagens que mostraram modelos sem e com lesões (cicatrizes) maquiadas, simulando danos estéticos na face. Os quatro quadros, traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente para língua portuguesa, mostraram ter potencial para oferecer maior objetividade na valoração do dano estético.
Estudo comparativo de indicadores de saúde bucal em município do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Magri Laís Valencise , Aciole Geovani Gurgel , Salomão Fernanda Gonçalves Dutra , Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva , Ribeiro Lucas Gaspar
Published: August 2016

Comparar indicadores de saúde bucal (Rendimento, Atrição, Ênfase em Prevenção Modificado, Relação Restauração/Extração) e Relação 1ª Consulta/Urgência entre 15 Unidades de Saúde da Família e 11 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de município do interior paulista, de 2008 a 2011. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS (SIA-SUS) e comparados os modelos de atenção por meio de série histórica, teste não paramétrico (Mann-Whitney) e estatística descritiva. Embora haja o processo de fortalecimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família o modelo assistencial representado pelas Unidades Básica de Saúde se mostra mais efetivo em alguns aspectos da saúde bucal no serviço público.
Reflexões bioéticas acerca da promoção de cuidados paliativos a idosos
Authors: Costa Rosely Souza da , Santos Adriana Glay Barbosa , Yarid Sérgio Donha , Sena Edite Lago da Silva , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira
Published: August 2016

Considerando o crescente número de pessoas idosas que, por vezes, são acometidas por condições crônicas de saúde e estão fora de possibilidade terapêutica, é salutar compreender a relação dos princípios da bioética nas demandas que permeiam os cuidados paliativos a pacientes idosos, na perspectiva de poder oferecer uma sobrevida digna. A abordagem a partir dos fundamentos da bioética principialista propõe a garantia dos princípios da beneficência, não maleficência, justiça e autonomia, a fim de proporcionar dignidade, qualidade e conforto aos idosos em terminalidade da vida. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão acerca dos cuidados paliativos aos idosos à luz da bioética.
O cuidado em saúde mental no Brasil: uma leitura a partir dos dispositivos de biopoder e biopolítica
Authors: Barbosa Valquiria Farias Bezerra , Martinhago Fernanda , Hoepfner Ângela Maria da Silva , Daré Patrícia Kozuchovski , Caponi Sandra Noemi Cucurullo de
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar o cuidado em saúde mental no Brasil à luz dos conceitos de biopoder e biopolítica, enunciados por Michel Foucault. A análise das práticas de cuidado instituídas no âmbito dos serviços que compõem a rede de atenção psicossocial no Brasil, através de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais, revelou a transversalidade do cuidado em saúde mental com relação a estratégias disciplinares e de controle das populações, limitando as possibilidades de resgate da concepção de sujeito e subjetividade no processo de produção do cuidado às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico.
Processos microrregulatórios em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e a produção do cuidado
Authors: Oliveira Lissandra Andion de , Cecilio Luiz Carlos de Oliveira , Andreazza Rosemarie , Araújo Eliane Cardoso de
Published: August 2016

RESUMO O estudo busca caracterizar os processos microrregulatórios desenvolvidos por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde para garantir a integralidade do cuidado. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem etnográfica e emprego das técnicas de análise documental, observação participante e entrevistas. Os resultados apontam duas dimensões interdependentes da microrregulação do acesso: uma interna - acesso dos usuários às ofertas de cuidado da própria unidade; e outra externa - acesso aos demais serviços da rede. A unidade não atua como coordenadora efetiva do cuidado, como o estabelecido pelo Ministério da Saúde, tarefa que depende do desenvolvimento de arranjos de comunicação e da troca de informações entre os serviços.
Análise sobre condições de trabalho de Equipe de Saúde da Família, num contexto de vulnerabilidades, Manaus (AM)
Authors: Simões Arlete Lima , Freitas Carlos Machado de
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este estudo tem o objetivo de descrever e analisar as condições de trabalho de uma Equipe de Saúde da Família, em contexto socioambiental vulnerável, a partir de um estudo de caso. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com observação participante, entrevistas e grupo focal. Os resultados revelaram que as vulnerabilidades do território em que atuam os profissionais impactam menos do que a infraestrutura inadequada das condições de trabalho, como a falta de materiais e equipamentos necessários para a produção de saúde no território, portanto, o ambiente interno das condições da unidade de saúde, revelou-se um fator de insatisfação, repercutindo de forma negativa no processo de trabalho da equipe.
Sobrecarga e participação de familiares no cuidado de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Reis Thaíssa Lima dos , Dahl Catarina Magalhães , Barbosa Silvia Monnerat , Teixeira Melissa Ribeiro , Delgado Pedro Gabriel Godinho
Published: August 2016

RESUMO 'Sobrecarga familiar' é o impacto que o cuidado dedicado a um paciente pode provocar no ambiente familiar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a sobrecarga vivida por familiares cuidadores de usuários atendidos em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Para tanto, aplicaram-se a Escala de Sobrecarga dos Familiares de Pacientes Psiquiátricos e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicam uma relevante presença de sobrecarga nas famílias analisadas e a importância do envolvimento de familiares no cuidado de pessoas com problemas mentais. Foi possível, também, registrar que ainda é incipiente o trabalho parceiro com as famílias realizado pelos serviços de atenção psicossocial.
Enfermedades crónicas y factores de riesgo en adultos mayores de Argentina: años 2001 - 2009
Authors: Peranovich Andrés Conrado
Published: August 2016

RESUMEN El presente documento evalúa el impacto de las enfermedades crónicas prevalentes en la población mayor de 65 años en Argentina en el período 2001 - 009, a través del método de la Esperanza de Vida Ajustada por Discapacidad. Complementariamente, se describe la prevalencia de estas enfermedades en el país en el mismo período de tiempo, así como de los factores de riesgo asociadas a ellas. Se evidencia un aumento de la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como son la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes, entre otras, pero también un progreso en la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por estas enfermedades, que mejoraría a medida que envejece la población.
A Vigilância Sanitária no controle de riscos potenciais em serviços de hemoterapia no Brasil
Authors: Silva Júnior João Batista , Rattner Daphne
Published: August 2016

RESUMO O artigo descreve a situação sanitária dos serviços de hemoterapia avaliados pela Vigilância Sanitária em 2011 e 2012 por meio do Método de Avaliação de Risco Potencial de Serviços de Hemoterapia (MARPSH), classificando-os em cinco categorias: Baixo, Médio-Baixo, Médio, Médio-Alto e Alto. Dos 560 avaliados, houve acréscimo de 9% nos classificados como de baixo risco e queda de 6% entre os de alto. Os principais problemas foram encontrados na região Norte, em agências transfusionais e serviços públicos. Destacaram-se não conformidades relacionadas à gestão da qualidade, de pessoal e de equipamentos. Apesar das melhorias observadas, notaram-se serviços críticos com comprometimento à segurança e à eficácia dos produtos e serviços.
Violação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: interfaces com a política de saúde
Authors: Barbiani Rosangela
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este ensaio tematiza os desafios e contradições que permeiam a conquista do estatuto de cidadania de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros, com ênfase na defesa do direito à saúde. Descreve o fenômeno da violação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes e suas repercussões na ótica do conceito ampliado de saúde, das políticas públicas a ele pertinentes e das produções no campo teórico e programático, em âmbito internacional e nacional. Por fim, analisa a experiência brasileira no que tange ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas diretamente relacionadas ao Sistema Único de Saúde para a garantia dos direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes vulneráveis e/ou vítimas de violências.
Abdelwahab Meddeb, Sufi Poets, and the New Francophone Lyric
Authors: Elhariry Yasser
Published: August 2016

This is the first work of criticism to read Abdelwahab Meddeb as a poet. Selfconsciously indeterminate from philosophical and poetic perspectives, Meddeb's poetry is indebted to European, especially French, high poetic modernism; to the French literary turn to the United States; and to the author's desire to be read in the lineage of the major Sufi poets of classical Arabic literature. Turning his back on the hegemony of postcolonial literary prose with the 1987 chapbook Tombeau d'Ibn Arabi, Meddeb generates a new francophone lyric infused with the Sufi traditions of al-Andalus, North Africa, and the Near and Middle Easts. His new lyric rewrites itself as a Sufi consciousness in search of what lies beyond its knowledge of its current state, and his tonguing of the new francophone lyric leads us to a long overdue analytical paradigm.
Introduction: Assembling the Ecological Digital Humanities
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey Jerome , Lemenager Stephanie
Published: August 2016

We assembled this cluster of essays to bring to the diverse audience of pmla some of the insights, methodologies, and models for rethinking narrative, public engagement, and environmentality that the ecological digital humanities (EcoDH) offer. We are founding members of the new MLA forum TC Ecocriticism and Environmental Humanities, a collective whose existence and vigor derive from the community that social media (at their best) foster. With its syllabus exchange and participant-directed conversations, the forum's MLA Commons site owes much to the digital humanities principles of outreach, access, and inclusion. Although this electronic space is a work in progress, MLA members are using it to share pedagogical materials and research and to conduct lively discussions that push beyond the comfort zones of time period and disciplinary training. Teaching and scholarship have also been greatly enhanced by interdisciplinary networks that bridge unnecessary divides between the academy, activists, and a capaciously imagined public. Yet from the start we knew that we could not hope to be comprehensive in what we offer here. Vast and flourishing, the ecological digital humanities originate in work that spans decades. In their instantiations and concerns, they are also radically new, and the summoning of these essays marks an early attempt to establish a “futural archive,” to use a term of one of our contributors. We present in what follows snapshots of the approach's energy and emphases, a glimpse of achievements as well as intimations of possible futures. We bring together work by academics early in their careers with projects by foundational practitioners, scholars who have caused the ecological digital humanities to thrive.
Ecological Media Studies and the Matter of Digital Technologies
Authors: Carruth Allison
Published: August 2016

In 2009 william pannapacker pronounced the digital humanities to be “the first ‘next big thing’ in a longtime” promising to reconfigure and reinvigorate the humanities. The same could now plausibly be said about the environmental humanities with the recent rise of dedicated academic centers (at, e.g., KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in Sweden; Princeton University; the University of California, Santa Barbara; and the University of Utah), grant-funded projects (like the Sawyer Seminar on the Environmental Humanities at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the consortium Humanities for the Environment), and faculty positions. If the digital and environmental humanities have been ascendant amid what Christopher Newfield describes as the “unmaking” of public higher education and what Richard Grusin terms the “crisis humanities,” such an assessment invites the question of whether the ecological digital humanities (EcoDH) might serve to combine the most saleable facets of the digital humanities and the environmental humanities for university stakeholders who promote applied humanities work outside academia or, alternatively, a hybrid method for researching, teaching, and designing cultural responses to structures of ecological and social precarity (Grusin 80).
Inscribing Environmental Memory in the Icelandic Sagas and the Icelandic Saga Map
Authors: Lethbridge Emily , Hartman Steven
Published: August 2016

This essay discusses strategic efforts to develop new digital research tools and approaches as key elements of an inter-disciplinary research initiative in progress, Inscribing Environmental Memory in the Icelandic Sagas (IEM), which aims to study aspects of Icelandic literature, history, archaeology, environment, and geography in order to better understand societal responses to environmental change over the longue durée. The essay showcases a particular digital humanities project, Icelandic Saga Map (ISM), which not only provides an extremely useful tool for helping achieve many of the identified aims and methodological needs of an integrated environmental humanities initiative such as IEM but also is a valuable example of how innovative digital humanities tools can foster new research trajectories and open up new horizons for interdisciplinary engagement and synthesis of knowledge and diverse data.
Resource Operations of the Ecological Digital Humanities
Authors: Starosielski Nicole
Published: August 2016

Large-scale industrial processes and networks of extraction, slow violences wrought across toxic landscapes, and rapidly shifting atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic cycles are altering the conditions of human and nonhuman existence in ways that challenge the limits of existing media technologies. The last of these transformations—the fluctuating distributions of water—is the focus of this essay. Hydrologists are struggling to model and predict the intensities of drought, the changing supply of watersheds, the dispersions of chemicals through streams and rivers, and the failures of aging infrastructure. Water transports contaminants too small to identify by sight, requiring technologies that can register tiny particles on a massive scale. Water complicates boundary-making projects—it moves easily across local and regional zones, human and nonhuman bodies, and atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecologies. Global weather patterns and distribution infrastructures shape its circulation, yet its material effects depend greatly on local conditions.
Marxist Criticism and Hegel
Authors: Jameson Fredric
Published: August 2016

The interesting question is in fact a two-way street. Familiar enough, with its accusatory hint of idealism and intellectualizing elitism, is the query, In what sense was Marx a Hegelian? But more tantalizing, more science fictional and counterfactual, is its echoing alternative: In what sense was Hegel a Marxist? The sharing of the dialectic is of course the easy way out, in a speculative dilemma calculated to open up fresh answers and unexpected new problems. I will only take on one of them here—namely, what Hegel might have to tell us about the possibilities, and also the limits, of Marxist literary criticism, an issue that may seem as remote today as literature itself (and the theorizing criticism of it).
Oxford Street, Accra: Rethinking the Roots of Cosmopolitanism from an Africanist Historian's Perspective
Authors: Ray Carina
Published: August 2016

I first encountered ato quayson's transcendent account of accra and its enigmatic oxford street in 2009, a full five years before it was published as a book. In August of that year the Association for the Study of the Worldwide African Diaspora (ASWAD) held its fifth biennial conference in the Ghanaian capital. This was ASWAD's first conference on the continent, and it drew an impressive array of scholars from all over the world to a country that has long been a focal point of the diaspora's engagement with its African past and present. Because of its location, the conference attracted an especially large contingent of scholars who work on Ghana, among them quite a few historians, including me. Just when it seemed that the atmosphere of intellectual exchange could not get any headier, Quayson invited a small group of us to join him on a bespoke tour of Accra that heralded the arrival ofOxford Streetin 2014.
International Aspects of Central Banking: Diplomacy and Coordination
Authors: Kahn Robert B. , Meade Ellen E.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we discuss the evolution of central bank interactions since the early 1970s following the breakdown of the managed exchange-rate system that was negotiated at Bretton Woods. We review the most important forums or organizations through which central banks have engaged in diplomacy. We then discuss the mobilization of coordination through diplomacy using three examples over the past 30 years: the Plaza Accord in 1985 negotiated by the G-5; the response to the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98, led by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with heavy participation from G-7 finance ministries and central banks; and the response to the global financial crisis that began in 2007. For each of these examples, we provide the economic circumstances at the time, discuss how the response was mobilized, and evaluate its success. Our main conclusion is that the relationship-building that is inherent in multilateral interaction has provided a springboard for coordination in times of stress or crisis. Moreover, crises matter in that they can be turning points in terms of the actions taken and the countries included in the dialogue; thus, the groupings themselves are to some extent endogenous to events. Finally, we use the lens of diplomacy and coordination to trace out the path for central bank diplomacy going forward.
Trading Relationships in the OTC Market for Secured Claims: Evidence from Triparty Repos
Authors: Han Song , Nikolaou Kleopatra
Published: August 2016

We use a new panel data set on intraday transactions of triparty repos (TPR) to study trading relationships in the over-the-counter market. We test the prediction that search frictions lead to relationship formation. We find that TPR trading parties form relationships with a broad number of counterparties but tend to focus their transaction volumes on only a small set of counterparties. We also find that having stable relationships and broader interactions across other funding markets positively shapes the relationships of investors with dealers in the TPR market. Finally, our results suggest that relationships affect the likelihood of a trade and terms of trade and help buffer demand and supply shocks to liquidity. Specifically, the Fed's Reverse Repurchase (RRP) exercise draws funds away from lenders in the TPR market, effectively generating a negative shock to the supply of funds for dealers. Meanwhile, Treasury auctions introduce a positive shock to the demand for funds by dealers. We find that in both cases, shocks are absorbed better by trade partners with stronger relationships.
Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Yang Guobin
Published: August 2016

Hashtag activism happens when large numbers of postings appear on social media under a common hashtagged word, phrase or sentence with a social or political claim. The temporal unfolding of these mutually connected postings in networked spaces gives them a narrative form and agency. Applying Karlyn Campbell’s propositions about rhetorical agency to the case of #BlackLivesMatter, this essay shows that narrative agency in hashtag activism derives from its narrative form as well as from its contents and social context. Narrative agency is communal, invented, skillful, and protean.
Morphological changes of gastric and colonic mucosa in rats of different ages under the action of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide
Authors: Iefimenko O. , Savchenko O. , Falalyeyeva T. , Kyric O. , Spivak M.
Published: August 2016

We have studied the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) on the morphological state of the gastric mucosa and colon in rats of different ages. It was found the degenerative changes and dysregeneration (violation the ratio of value of major and parietal cells), atrophic or hyperplastic changes. NCD restored the processes of differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells of gastric glands. In the control group of old rats mucosa of the colon was focal thinner, the cells had degenerative changes, it was observed the change in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of cells, were found foci of infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. NCD in old rats caused a decrease in the number of cells in a state of degeneration and apoptosis, increased proliferative activity of cells increased the number of goblet cells. Thus, NCD restored morpho-functional structure of the mucous of the stomach and colon.
Changes of energy balance of rat liver and pancreas upon gastric hypoacidity and search of approaches for its recovery
Authors: Dvorshchenko K.
Published: August 2016

It was established that the energy balance was disturbed in liver and pancreas of rats with long-term gastric hypochlorhydria, suggesting a decreased of ATP content while ATP and AMP levels were increasing. Multiprobiotic "Symbiter ®" restored adenine nucleotides balance in the analyzed organs of rats with gastric hypoacidity state.
Effect of low molecular weight organic compound sodium 2-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)acetyl)-L-prolinate on rat gastric secretion stimulated by carbachol
Authors: Markevych A. , Bogun L. , Harchenko O. , Kudryavtsev K.
Published: August 2016

Тto investigate the effects of low molecular organic compound (LMOC) on gastric acid secretion (GAS), pepsin output and the activity of Н+,К+-ATPase in the conditions of carbachol stimulation. GAS stimulated by carbachol was measured by method of isolated perfused stomach, pepsin output was analyzed by colorimetric method for 120 minutes and the activity of Н+,К+-ATPase was assessed spectrophotometrically by the level of anorganic phosphate on 20 white laboratory rats. GAS, pepsin output and the Н+,К+-ATPase activity were decreased under the carbachol stimulation after injection of LMOC. LMOC decreases the gastric acid and pepsin secretion in terms of carbachol stimulation. The inhibition of Н+,К+-ATPase activity is considered as mechanism of antisecretory property of LMOC.
Association of angiotensin converting enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene polymorphisms with indices of cardiorespiratory systems reactions to exercise
Authors: Drozdovska S.
Published: August 2016

The feature of cardiorespiratory system responses to physical load has been investigated in athletes with different genotypes. The influence of АСЕ, eNOS, PPARA, PPARG, HIF-1α, PPARGC1B gene polymorphisms on gas analysis indices have been analyzed. The association of I/D АСЕ, Т/С eNOS G/C PPARA gene polymorphisms with various characteristics of aerobic capacities of the qualified athletes has been established. The possibilities of determination of predisposition to high level aerobic ability due to assessment of the molecular- genetic markers are discussed in the paper.
Analysis of protein profile changes in chronic alcohol intoxication to diagnose the development of these pathological conditions
Authors: Harchenko O. , Savchuk O. , Ostapchenko L.
Published: August 2016

In the review it was characterized today existing biomarkers that allow to detect chronic alcohol abuse, namely: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, the activity of GGT, ALT, AST, β-hexosaminidase; sialic acid index of apolipoprotein J, circulating levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6), α-1- and α-2 globulins, serum amyloid A4, fibronectin, and others. At present results of the studies of alcohol abusers organism's proteome contain significant amount of artifacts, which are connected with the other substances of double abuse (e.g. cocaine, tobacco), specific nutrition deficiency, and the presence of organs dysfunction. Summarising the scientific literature analysis we can attest the lack of research concerning proteome changes at different stages of alcohol intoxication. An important task is to identify biomarkers that would allow measuring the level of alcohol consumption by detecting tissue damage and other physiological reactions on the alcohol abuse over time. Strategies of alcoholism biomarkers research should include the identification of proteins, which number differs in alcoholics and non-alcoholics. Decoding of individual proteome is likely to be part of the future personalized medicine.
Recognizing Engaged Scholarship in Faculty Reward Structures: Challenges and Progress
Authors: Cavallaro Claire C.
Published: August 2016

Recognizing Engaged Scholarship in Faculty Reward Structures: Challenges and Progress
Rewarding Community-Engaged Scholarship: A State University System Approach
Authors: Saltmarsh Jon , Wooding John
Published: August 2016

The need for new and revised structures to reward new forms of scholarship is being examined nationally and globally. It is also being examined on campuses that make up the University of Massachusetts system, all which are classified by the Carnegie Foundation for Community Engagement. This paper reports on the collective exploration by the five campuses of the University of Massachusetts to understand whether the existing academic policies sufficiently and appropriately rewarding community engagement and publically engaged scholarship enact the core mission of the University of Massachusetts to effectively generate knowledge, address social issues, and fulfill its academic and civic purposes.
In the Shadow of Leviathan: The Case of Garth Daniels
Authors: McLaren Niall
Published: August 2016

A notorious case of a man detained and shackled to his bed while receiving ECT as an involuntary patient raises critically important questions for institutional psychiatry. These relate to the fundamental premises on which the mentally-disturbed are detained and forced to take treatment against their will. There is, however, very little prospect of psychiatrists willingly answering questions which threaten their livelihood.
AS MUDANÇAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis , Messina Natália
Published: August 2016

This article aims to analyze the educational reformation in the Brazilian high school, pointing out that internationally the teacher's work in the 21st century is marked by mass, administration by performance (accountability), privatization and commercialization. After a historical construction building on the reform of the national state, the emphasis is given to the relationship between changes in high school and the internationalization of higher education. Therefore, a larger examination overview shows that the profit possibilities transform knowledge into market raw materials and produce the convergence of educational reforms according to strict financial rationality.