bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of home garden interventions on household access to vegetables for nutrition security in kavreplanchok district of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Dhruba Raj , Piya Sharmila , Bhattarai Divyanshi , Poudel Bishwash , Dahal Kumar Mani
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted during 2020-2021 to identify the contribution of home garden interventions towards household access to vegetables amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Kavreplanchok district was the selected site of study wherein checklist, focus group discussion and field observation were the major data collection methods. Women in the treatment group participated in home gardening orientation and vegetable gardening activities, however, only data collection was done in the control group. Post-intervention data showed 46% households in treatment group practiced improved organic vegetable gardening technologies as compared to 10.67% in control. Furthermore, annual vegetable requirement met from home garden was 62% in treatment group, while it was only 36 % in control group. Similarly, the knowledge on nutrition, home gardening technology and proper handling of vegetables has increased significantly.
Some strains from microalgae collection IBASU-A (Ukraine) as an object of biotechnology
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Borysova O.V. , Tsarenko P.M. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

An information on the collection of strains of biotechnological application as an integral part of Microalgal Culture Collection of the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of NAS of Ukraine (IBASU-A) is given. The base of its funds contains some green algal strains belonging to the families of Dunaliellaceae, Chlorellaceae, Scenedesmaceae and Selenastraceae. They have been isolated from different regions of Ukraine in order to find cultures of phototrophic microorganisms – promising for biotechnology, in particular, obtaining biologically active additives for the needs of the food industry, medicine, agriculture, raw materials for the production of biofuels, as well as bioindication, biomonitoring, bioremediation of aquatic objects of the environment, etc. Overall, this special collection includs 90 strains of halophile and freshwater microalgae of 30 species, 15 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, 2 classes. All of them are considered as important objects for industrial cultivation, solution of environmental problems, and the basis for further biotechnological research.
Patterns of Water Use in California
Authors:   University of California, San Diego, Helly John , Cayan Daniel ,   University of California, San Diego, Corringham Thomas ,   US Geological Survey, Stricklin Jennifer ,   California Department of Water Resources, Hillaire Todd ,   California Department of Water Resources
Published: December 2021

Recent patterns of water use and supply in California are presented based on a new data set compiled from the California Department of Water Resources water balance data for 2002 through 2016. The water use and supply include surface water and groundwater, although groundwater reporting has been incomplete. These data are used to support the Water Plan released every 3 to 5 years and are the most comprehensive and finest spatial- and temporal-scale data set for California water resources. First, using the Bay–Delta watershed as a case example, we show that recent fluctuations in water use are highly correlated with variations in precipitation. Developed water supplies and use show these fluctuations, but they are modified by reservoir inflows and releases, groundwater supplies, and Delta outflows. Second, although the annually precipitated water supply in the Bay–Delta varies by about 30%, the developed water supply damps this considerably. The water management system maintained nearly constant agricultural water use even in periods of intense drought, with year-to-year variation of about 7%. Variability in urban water use is higher (∼20%), largely from conservation during periods of drought. Finally, this information can help improve water resource management because it connects regional-scale data to meaningful policy decision-making at county and sub-county levels. At a time when water policy and management are being re-evaluated across the American West in the light of changing climate, decision-making informed by science and data is urgently needed. The statewide water balance data provide the means to establish a consistent, quantitative framework for water resource analysis throughout the state.
Apparent Seasonal Bias in Delta Outflow Estimates as Revealed in the Historical Salinity Record of the San Francisco Estuary: Implications for Delta Net Channel Depletion Estimates
Authors:   Tetra Tech, Inc., Hutton Paul , Rath John ,   Tetra Tech, Inc., Ateljevich Eli ,   California Department of Water Resources, Roy Sujoy ,   Tetra Tech, Inc.
Published: December 2021

Accurate estimates of freshwater flow to the San Francisco Estuary are important in successfully regulating this water body, in protecting its beneficial uses, and in accurately modeling its hydrodynamic and water-quality transport regime. For regulatory purposes, freshwater flow to the estuary is not directly measured; rather, it is estimated from a daily balance of upstream Delta inflows, exports, and in-Delta water use termed the net Delta outflow index (NDOI). Field research in the 1960s indicated that NDOI estimates are biased low in summer–fall and biased high in winter–spring as a result of conflating Delta island evapotranspiration estimates with the sum of ungauged hydrologic interactions between channels and islands referred to as net channel depletions. In this work, we employed a 50-year observed salinity record along with gauged tidal flows and an ensemble of five empirical flow-salinity (X2) models to test whether a seasonal bias in Delta outflow estimates could be inferred. We accomplished this objective by conducting statistical analyses and evaluating whether model skill could be improved through seasonal NDOI flow adjustments. Assuming that model residuals are associated with channel depletion uncertainty, our findings corroborate the 1960s research and suggest that channel depletions are biased low in winter months (i.e., NDOI is biased high) and biased high in late summer and early fall months (i.e., NDOI is biased low). The magnitude of seasonal bias, which can reach 1,000 cfs, is a small percentage of typical winter outflow but represents a significant percentage of typical summer outflow. Our findings were derived from five independently developed models, and are consistent with the physical understanding of water exchanges on the islands. This work provides motivation for improved characterization of these exchanges to improve Delta outflow estimates, particularly during drought periods when water supplies are scarce and must be carefully managed.
Concentrations, Loads, and Associated Trends of Nutrients Entering the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Saleh Dina , Domagalski Joseph ,   US Geological Survey
Published: December 2021

Statistical modeling of water-quality data collected at the Sacramento River at Freeport and San Joaquin River near Vernalis, California, USA, was used to examine trends in concentrations and loads of various forms of dissolved and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus that entered the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) from upstream sources between 1970 and 2019. Ammonium concentrations and loads decreased at the Sacramento River site from the mid-1970s through 1990 because of the consolidation of wastewater treatment and continuously reduced from the mid-1970s to 2019 at the San Joaquin River site. Current ammonium concentrations are mostly below 4 µM (0.056 mg N L–1) at both sites, a concentration above which reductions in phytoplankton productivity or changes in algal species composition may occur. The Sacramento River at Freeport site is located upstream of the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District’s treatment facility’s discharge point; nutrient water quality there is representative of upstream sources. Inorganic nitrogen (nitrate plus ammonium) concentrations and loading differed at both sites. At the Sacramento River location, concentrations decrease in the summer agricultural season, reducing the molar ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus. In contrast, inorganic nitrogen concentrations increase in the San Joaquin River during the agricultural season as a result of irrigation runoff, increasing the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. This increase suggests a possible nitrogen limitation in the northern Delta and a phosphorus limitation in the southern Delta, as indicated by the molar ratios of bioavailable nitrogen to bioavailable phosphorus. Planned upgrades to the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) will reduce inorganic nitrogen inputs to the northern Delta. Consequently, the supply of bioavailable nitrogen throughout the upper estuary should diminish. Source modeling of nitrogen and phosphorus identifies agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater effluent as sources of total nitrogen in the Central Valley. In contrast, geologic sources, agriculture, and wastewater discharge are the primary sources of phosphorus.
O canto e a vida das quebradeiras de coco do Maranhão
Authors: Santos Raimundo Lima dos
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho analisa o universo sociocultural das “quebradeiras” de coco babaçu do Maranhão, através de uma coletânea de cantos, para tentar entender por outro prisma alguns elementos que compõem suas visões de mundo. Para tanto, faz uma leitura histórica sobre a organização sociopolítica dos grupos de mulheres no território maranhense, nas últimas décadas. Em seguida, o texto se debruça sobre as músicas, compiladas em um livro, intitulado Canto e encanto nos babaçuais. Músicas sob domínio popular selecionadas por ‘As Encantadeiras’.... Um dos principais objetivos é buscar nos cantos as expressões de sua vida e de seu cotidiano, assim como entender a forma como elas leem o mundo e sua própria realidade. Nesse sentido, as canções, não são apenas manifestações artísticas, separadas da própria vida. Assim, faz-se uma leitura dessas composições, na tentativa de revelar mais sobre o mundo dessas mulheres, alcançar oque se pode chamar de “pontos cegos”, os elementos não intencionais de suas expressões. Dessa forma, tentar compreender melhor o cotidiano, as crenças, os medos e as perspectivas de vida desse grupo social. A arte, no que tange a literatura, é mais que um meio para se distrair, pois ela pode revelar mundos ocultos e os reconstruir.
Diário das memórias da aprendizagem
Authors: Zawaski Tatiane Peres
Published: December 2021

A presente proposta abordada neste estudo objetiva refletir sobre uma estratégia de ensino para as aulas de língua portuguesa, a partir do registro das memórias da aprendizagem no gênero “diário”. A atividade foi realizada com oitenta alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental, no Colégio Marista Pio XII, na cidade de Novo Hamburgo. Por meio da produção de um diário das memórias da aprendizagem a docente observou um crescimento na aprendizagem dos educandos, de forma autônoma e protagonista, podendo, assim, mediar e intervir a fim de que ela realmente se efetivasse. O gênero diário além de possibilitar aos alunos narrar suas aprendizagens, proporcionou que eles se posicionassem sobre elas, explicando-as, argumentando-as e revisitando-as, durante todo o processo de construção do conhecimento, sendo fonte de ressignificação do processo de ensino.
Simultaneous determination of three naphthoquinones from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst in beagle plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and application for pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Zhang Mingyu , Zhu Wenbo , Yang Chunjuan , Kuang Haixue
Published: December 2021

A rapid, simple and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established to simultaneous determination of shikonin, isobutyryl shikonin, β, βʹ-dimethylacryl alkanin in beagle plasma and evaluated by using esculetin as internal standard. The electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in negative ionization mode. Multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantitatively analyzed shikonin m/z 287.0 → 217.9, isobutyryl shikonin m/z 357.0 → 268.9, β, βʹ-dimethylacryl alkanin m/z 370.0 → 270.1 and esculetin m/z 177.0 → 89.0, respectively. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria according to regulatory guidelines. This method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of shikonin, isobutyryl shikonin, β, βʹ-dimethylacryl alkanin in beagle dogs plasma after oral administration of A. euchroma extract.
Molecular Characterization of Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from Indonesia Based on the Plastid tufA Gene
Authors: Darmawan Muhamad , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Irianto Hari Eko , Madduppa Hawis H
Published: December 2021

The green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa is  a seaweed  of  high prospect that is being given emphasis by the Indonesian government. However, C. racemosa in Indonesia may include multiple species level-entity exhibiting morphological overlap and require molecular analysis for species identification. Molecular documentation of species richness of indigenous populations of C. racemosa is essential to underpin cultivar development and conservation of the species to avoid overharvesting. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of C. racemosa and document the haplotype network of the specimens from four different locations (Bintan Island, Jepara, Takalar and Osi Island) using the chloroplast tufA gene. Twenty individuals from four areas were collected and amplified with the chloroplast-encoded gene tufA for species identification against publicly available data. The identification of C. racemosa based on the tufA gene showed that the species found in four locations were C. cylindracea (previously C. racemosa var. cylindracea), C. macra (previously C. racemosa var. macra), C. racemosa, and C. oligophylla (previously C. racemosa var. lamourouxii). This study records the existence of C. cylindracea in Takalar and Jepara, Indonesia for the first time. The most diverse C. racemosa species was in Osi Island, where the exploitation of this seaweed is very low. In contrast, the lowest number of C. racemosa varieties were found in Takalar, where exploitation is very high. There were only minor light variations of Caulerpa species in the tufA gene in four different sites with only four haplotypes found, and each haplotype corresponded to another species.
Machine Learning Web Application to Estimate Listing Prices of South African Homes
Authors: Bax Dane , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia
Published: December 2021

Due to the heterogeneous nature of residential properties, determining selling prices which will reconcile supply and demand is difficult. Establishing realistic listing prices is vitally important for sellers to prevent prolonged time on market. Sellers have several resources available to assist in this endeavour, all of which involve understanding current market dynamics through analysing recent sales and listing data. Property portals which aggregate real estate agencies’ data, hosting it on online platforms, are one such resource, along with individual real estate agencies. Leveraging this data to develop solutions that could aid sellers in listing price decision making is a potential business objective that could not only add value to sellers but create a competitive advantage by increasing traffic to an online real estate platform. Using data provided by a South African online property portal, this paper creates a web application using machine learning to estimate listing prices for different types of homes throughout South Africa. This study compared log linear and gradient boosted models, estimating residential listing prices over a four-year period. The results indicate that although log linear models are suitable to account for spatial dependency in the data through the inclusion of a fixed location effect, the assumption of linear functional form was not satisfied. The gradient boosted models do not impose explicit functional form requirements, making them flexible candidates. Similarly, these models were able to handle the spatial dependency adequately. The gradient boosted models also achieved a lower out of sample error compared to the log linear models. The findings show that over observation periodperiod, larger properties consistently experience a diminishing return at some point over the marginal distribution of physical characteristics. The web application details how sellers are easily able to obtain mean listing price estimates and gauge the growth thereof, by simply inputting their property interest criteria.
Causes of Discrepancies in Value Estimates on Compensation for Oil Spill Damages in the Niger Delta
Authors: Olukolajo Michael Ayodele
Published: December 2021

This study examines causes of discrepancies in valuers’ opinion when determining monetary compensation payable to claimants for oil spill related damages in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study elicited data on factors responsible for differences in opinion of compensation values from valuers in practicing firms in Niger Delta using survey questionnaire. Eighty-three (83) Estate Surveying and Valuation (ESV) firms participated in the survey. The sample was selected from the total population of 190 ESV firms in the region based on the evidence of their experience with oil spill compensation valuation. Weighted mean score and factor analysis were employed in the data analysis. Results indicated that the factors causing discrepancies are: weak standards/codes of practice, inadequate legal frameworks, gaps in valuers’ knowledge, and professional misconduct. It was recommended that a specific code of practice for compensation for oil spill damage be developed by the Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria (ESVARBON) in collaboration with the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) to guide valuers when undertaking valuation for compensation for damages arising from oil spills.
MEMORABLE AND ANNIVERSARY DATES OF RUSSIAN PEDIATRICS IN 2022
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2021

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Academic Success: Perceptions of Student-Athletes, Learning Specialists, and Academic Advisors
Authors: Kirby Lauren , Amason Patricia
Published: December 2021

The current study explores how academic success is defined and perceived by student-athletes and athletic academic support staff professionals, specifically learning specialists and academic advisors. Using qualitative methods, one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants from six “Power 5” programs to establish overarching themes. Academic advisors identified academic achievement and personal development as academic success. Learning specialists identified academic success as maximizing individual potential. Student-athletes identified meeting grade-based standards and work ethic resulting in reaching personal goals as academic success for themselves. Student-athletes also perceived that their advisor would identify eligibility and effort as academic success, and that their learning specialist would view academic success as building academic skills and work ethic.
FORMAÇÃO E DOCÊNCIA COMO PHRONESIS: SENDO E APRENDENDO A SER
Authors: Fensterseifer Paulo Evaldo , Kronbauer Luiz Gilberto
Published: December 2021

Resumo: Inspirados na noção aristotélica de Phronesis, desenvolveu-se uma reflexão sobre a formação docente na perspectiva do aprender como exercício que se faz e se refaz continuamente, numa atitude reflexiva e, teoricamente, sustentada. Aproximou-se o conceito de vida contemplativa ao de docente reflexivo e, com isso, buscou-se avançar na direção da práxis como processo dialético de ação-reflexão-ação, pano de fundo de uma formação inicial de professores/as que entretece teoria e prática como horizonte de uma docência viva. Esta releitura da filosofia prática de Aristóteles faz-se acompanhar da interpretação que Hans-Georg-Gadamer realiza em sua obra Wahrheit und Methode, valendo-se dos conceitos de sabedoria prática, de mimesis, da produtividade do conceito de experiência e da atualidade hermenêutica de Aristóteles, e que estruturam o texto que segue.
Alpha Globin Gene Copy Number Is Associated with Prevalent Chronic Kidney Disease and Incident End-Stage Kidney Disease among Black Americans
Authors: Ruhl A. Parker , Jeffries Neal , Yang Yu , Naik Rakhi P. , Patki Amit , Pecker Lydia H. , Mott Bryan T. , Zakai Neil A. , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Lange Leslie A. , Irvin Marguerite R. , Gutierrez Orlando M. , Cushman Mary , Ackerman Hans C.
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement

Resistance artery endothelial cells express α-globin, which limits nitric oxide signaling and enhances α-adrenergic–mediated vasoconstriction—two signaling pathways involved in renal blood flow regulation and kidney disease pathogenesis. A common HBA gene deletion might therefore confer protection against kidney disease by increasing endothelial nitric oxide signaling and decreasing vasoconstriction in response to α-1–adrenergic stimuli. Among Black Americans, HBA copy number varied from 2 to 6; an increase by one HBA gene copy was associated with 14% greater risk of CKD and 32% greater hazard of incident ESKD. This study identifies HBA deletions as protective against CKD and ESKD and highlights the importance of understanding the role of α-globin in renovascular pathophysiology.

Background

α-Globin is expressed in endothelial cells of resistance arteries, where it limits endothelial nitric oxide signaling and enhances α-adrenergic–mediated vasoconstriction. α-Globin gene (HBA) copy number is variable in people of African descent and other populations worldwide. Given the protective effect of nitric oxide in the kidney, we hypothesized that HBA copy number would be associated with kidney disease risk.

Methods

Community-dwelling Black Americans aged ≥45 years old were enrolled in a national longitudinal cohort from 2003 through 2007. HBA copy number was measured using droplet digital PCR. The prevalence ratio (PR) of CKD and the relative risk (RR) of incident reduced eGFR were calculated using modified Poisson multivariable regression. The hazard ratio (HR) of incident ESKD was calculated using Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression.

Results

Among 9908 participants, HBA copy number varied from 2 to 6. In analyses adjusted for demographic, clinical, and genetic risk factors, a one-copy increase in HBA was associated with 14% greater prevalence of CKD (PR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.21; P<0.0001). While HBA copy number was not associated with incident reduced eGFR (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.19; P=0.38), the hazard of incident ESKD was 32% higher for each additional copy of HBA (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.61; P=0.005).

Conclusions

Increasing HBA copy number was associated with a greater prevalence of CKD and incidence of ESKD in a national longitudinal cohort of Black Americans.
“Complex” hepatic echinococcosis
Authors: Goncharov A. B. , Kovalenko Y. A. , Ayvazyan Kh. A. , Ikramov R. Z. , Marinova L. A. , Vishnevsky V. A. , Chzhao A. V.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To study the long-term results of surgical treatment in patients with “complex” hepatic echinococcosis.

Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 118 patients with hepatic echinococcosis from 2015 to 2020 at the A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery were analyzed. The term “complex” hepatic echinococcosis has been proposed. A comparative analysis of the number and type of complications and surgical interferences 2 groups of patients was carried out: 66 patients with hepatic echinococcosis, 52 patients with complex hepatic echinococcosis.

Results. During the observation period, no any recurrence was recorded. 55 (44%) of 118 patients had complex hepatic echinococcosis. Isolated liver damage was found in 74% of cases, combined liver and lung damage in 20% cases and with other organs – in 6%. In most cases, pericystectomy was performed (82%), 8% of patients underwent atypical hepatectomy, 4% – segmental resection, 3% – laparoscopic intervention, 3% – hemihepatectomy. Postoperative complications were recorded in 22 (18,6%) of cases. Accumulations of bile and biliary fistulas formed in 45% of cases, pneumotothorax or hydrothorax – in 23%, wound abscess – in 18%, hematomas in the hepatectomy zone – in 14% of the cases.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of complex hepatic echinococcosis requires an individual approach to the choice of the operation option. Preference should be given to parenchyma-preserving radical operations. When the liver lobe is totally replaced with a hydatid cyst and in case of cystobiliary fistulas hemihepatectomy should be performed, and it is acceptable to leave the fibrous capsule on large tubular structures.
Optimization of surgical tactics in hepatic echinococcosis
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Naidenov E. V. , Bashkov A. N. , Cholakyan S. V.
Published: December 2021

Aim. Optimization of the surgical tactics in hepatic echinococcosis.

Material and methods. From 2009 to 2021, 56 patients with hepatic echinococcosis have been operated: 6 patients underwent PAIR, 7 – open echinococcectomy, 18 – pericystectomy (“ideal echinococcectomy”) and 16 – anatomical hepatectomy (S2/3, S6/7 bisegmentectomy) or atypical resection. In 7 cases hemigepatectomy has been performed, in 2 – combined interventions have been performed for echinococcosis relapse of the abdominal cavity.

Results. The duration of minor hepatic resection was shorter than pericystectomy and major hepatic resection. The smallest blood loss was noted in patients who underwent open echinococcectomy, anatomical and atypical hepatectomy. No complications after PAIR were noticed. The lowest incidence of postoperative complications, including biliary complications, was found after hepatic resection interventions. The lenths of hospital stay after hepatic resections was significantly shorter compared to ecinococcectomy and pericystectomy. The reccurence of hepatic echinococcosis relapse was detected in 4 (66.7%) patients after PAIR and 2 (28.6%) patients after ecinococcectomy.

Conclusion. Organ-preserving techniques should be a priority in the surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis. The best results in terms of the early postoperative complications frequency in the hepatic echinococcosis treatment were demonstrated by minor hepatic resections. Open echinococcectomy should be performed only for central location of large cysts and (or) their massive contact with the liver vessels. Minimally invasive resection technologies demonstrate optimal short- and long-term results. Major hepatectomy should be performed very selectively and only in those cases when they have advantages over other methods, and their implementation does not lead to a loss of more than 20% of healthy hepatic parenchyma. The best long-term results showed pericystectomy and hepatectomy in comparison with echinococcectomy.
Results of minimally invasive treatment of liver echinococcosis in comparison with traditional surgical methods
Authors: Nagasbekov M. S. , Baimakhanov Zh. B. , Kaniyev Sh. A. , Nurlanbayev E. K. , Chormanov A. T. , Baimakhanov B. B.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To analyze the effectiveness of PAIR in comparison with traditional surgical methods.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 199 patients who underwent surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis was carried out. Pericystectomy was performed on 95 (47.7%) patients (1st group), traditional echinococcectomy – 55 (27.6%; 2nd group), PAIR – 49 (24.6%; 3rd group). All patients received antihelmintic therapy for 2 months in the postoperative period.

Results. Patients of the group 3 had significantly more CE1 cysts compared with the groups 2 and 1 – 38 (77.5%) versus 19 (34.5%) and 44 (46.3%; p < 0.05) respectively. In group 2, CE2 and CE3 cysts were predominant. The duration of the operation in group 3 was significantly shorter than in group 1 and 2 – 58.2 (25–170), 194.8 (85–440) and 217 (75–540) minutes (p < 0.05). In group 1, intraoperative blood loss was higher than in group 2 – 165.4 ml (10–1000) and 106.7 ml (10–500; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in postoperative complications according to Clavien–Dindo. The duration of postoperational hospital stay of patients from the group 3 was shorter than for 1 and 2 groups – 4.3 (2–11) days, 8.03 (5–16) days and 8.08 (4–20) days (p < 0.05) respectively. There was no disease recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion. The optimal treatment should be based on the stage of the disease. In CE1, the most effective method is PAIR, which is characterized by a shorter postoperational hospital stay and early recovery. In multivesicular cysts (CE2-CE3b), traditional methods of treatment are effective.
Laparoscopic and open operations in the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis. Analysis of short- and long-term results
Authors: Efanov M. G. , Pronina N. I. , Alikhanov R. B. , Melekhina O. V. , Kulezneva Y. V. , Kazakov I. V. , Vankovich A. N. , Koroleva A. A. , Kovalenko D. E. , Kulikova N. D. , Petrin A. M. , Tsvirkun V. V.
Published: December 2021

Aim: to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open operations in the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.

Materials and methods. The results of laparoscopic and open echinococcectomies performed from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively studied. Laparoscopic operations were considered the method of choice. Open operations were performed in cases with contraindications to the laparoscopic approach.

Results. In total, 57 patients were operated: 47 laparoscopically (including robotic approach in 4 cases), 9 patients underwent open surgery. Radical procedures prevailed among laparoscopic cystectomies: 46 (98%). In the groups of laparoscopic/open cystectomies, partial pericystectomy was performed in 1/3 of patients, subtotal – in 24/4, total – in 13/0, and liver resection – in 9/2 patients, respectively. Laparoscopic procedures were performed mainly for types 1 and 3 of cysts, open procedures – for type 2 (WHO), recurrent and extrahepatic abdominal cysts were indication for open surgery. The frequency of severe complications did not differ between the groups. In the laparoscopic group, 1 (2%) patient died. After laparoscopic cystectomies, the mean (median) hospital stay (8 vs 10 days) and duration of abdominal drainage (10 vs 12 days) were significantly shorter. Relapse occurred only after conservative cystectomies, in one patient in each group.

Conclusion. Laparoscopic radical surgery for liver hydatid cysts may be the method of choice if performed in a specialized HPB center. Patient selection criteria should be based on the center's experience in laparoscopic liver surgery.
Сurrent status of the surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Lebedev S. S. , Kovalenko Ju. A. , Karpov A. A.
Published: December 2021

The literature review presents the world and russian experience in the surgical treatment of patients with hepatic echinococcosis over the last two decades. The most important aspects of the epidemiology and biology of echinococcus for the surgeon have been considered. Special attention is paid to the modern diagnosis of the disease, to the choice of volume and method of surgical treatment, according to WHO classification. The approaches to minimally invasive, laparoscopic and robotic operations of liver echinococcosis had been reviewed.
The Society of the Selfie: Social Media and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy
Authors: Morelock Jeremiah , Narita Felipe Ziotti
Published: December 2021

This book explores how the Internet is connected to the global crisis of liberal democracy. Today, self-promotion is at the heart of many human relationships. The selfie is not just a social media gesture people love to hate. It is also a symbol of social reality in the age of the Internet. Through social media people have new ways of rating and judging themselves and one another, via metrics such as likes, shares, followers and friends. There are new thirsts for authenticity, outlets for verbal aggression, and social problems. Social media culture and neoliberalism dovetail and amplify one another, feeding social estrangement. With neoliberalism, psychosocial wounds are agitated and authoritarianism is provoked. Yet this new sociality also inspires resistance and political mobilisation. Illustrating ideas and trends with examples from news and popular culture, the book outlines and applies theories from Debord, Foucault, Fromm, Goffman, and Giddens, among others. Topics covered include the global history of communication technologies, personal branding, echo chamber effects, alienation and fear of abnormality. Information technologies provide channels for public engagement where extreme ideas reach farther and faster than ever before, and political differences are widened and inflamed. They also provide new opportunities for protest and resistance.
Description of the macroscopic dynamics of populations of phase elements with white non-Gaussian noise based on the circular cumulant approach
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UrB RAS, Dolmatova A. V. ,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS (Kharkevich Institute), Tiulkina I. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UrB RAS, Goldobin D. S. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UrB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

We use the method of circular cumulants, which allows us to construct a low-mode macroscopic description of the dynamics of populations of phase elements subject to non-Gaussian white noise. In this work, we have obtained two-cumulant reduced equations for alpha-stable noise. The application of the approach is demonstrated for the case of the Kuramoto ensemble with non-Gaussian noise. The results of numerical calculations for the ensemble of N = 1500 elements, the numericalsimulation of the chain of equations for the Kuramoto–Daido order parameters (Fourier modes of the probability density) with 200 terms (in the thermodynamic limit of an infinitely large ensemble) and the theoretical solution on the basis of the two-cumulant approximation are in good agreement with each other.
Regularization models for natural convection of a pseudoplastic liquid in a closed differentially heated cavity
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Loenko D. S. , Sheremet M. A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2021

Simulation of convective heat and mass transfer in systems filled with pseudoplastic fluids deals with computational difficulties due to the appearance of an infinite level of effective viscosity as the intensity of deformation rates tends to zero. To solve this problem, various regularization models are used by introducing a small additional term into the expression for the effective viscosity. The present research is devoted to analysis of widespread regularization models for studying the natural convection of a pseudoplastic fluid in a closed differentially heated cavity. The pseudoplastic nature of the fluid flow was described by the Ostwald-de Waele power law. Three regularization models were investigated, namely, the simplest algebraic model, the Bercovier and Engleman model, and the Papanastasiou model. The boundary value problem of mathematical physics formulated using the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy, was solved by the finite difference method. The obtained results were compared with data of other authors.
Experimental investigation of rheological properties of liquid crystal modified with carbon nanotubes
Authors:   Perm State University, Gilev V. G. , Karimov A. A. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The results of an experimental study of the rheological properties of a nematic liquid crystal MBBA modified with carbon nanotubes depending on the mass concentration of the filler are presented. The measurements were performed on the Physica MCR 501 rheometer (Anton Paar, Austria) by the method of oscillations in the controlled deformation mode. It is shown that the introduction of a modifier into a liquid crystal changes the temperature of the phase transition to the isotropic phase of Ti. The dependence of Ti on the concentration of the filler is constructed. The flow curves and the curves of the complex viscosity of the samples were measured in the concentration range from 0.015to 0.085 wt.%. It is shown that all flow curves can be approximated by one functional dependence: the rheological Tscheuschner equation. The parameters of the approximating curves are calculated. It is shown that the doped samples, in contrast to the dispersion medium, exhibit viscoelastic properties, the greater the greater the concentration of the filler. The dependences of the phase shift angle between tangential stresses and the strain value δ on the concentration of the modifier are investigated. It is shown that as the shear flow velocity increases, the values of δ →π/2, which corresponds to a purely viscous flow. The values of tangential stresses at which the transition to a viscous flow occurs, depending on the concentration of the modifier, are calculated..
Numerical modelling of a high temperature silicification process in the carbon-carbon porous medium
Authors:   Perm State University, Demin V. A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Maryshev B. S. ,   Perm State University,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Menshikov A. I. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the process of a high-temperature silicification process in a carbon-carbon porous material. The statement of the problem is based on general equations describing the clogging of tubules in a porous medium with various kinds of impurities. In the problem under consideration, the cause of blockage is the condensation of gaseous silicon on the inner walls of the pores. Temperature dependences for the coefficients of condensation and evaporation are proposed, which characterize the intensity of this process. It is assumed that the diffusion of gas is the main mechanism of initial filling pores of the material. Numerical modeling was carried out by the finite difference method using an explicit scheme in the case of a constant value of the mobile concentration at the input and for imposed linear temperature distribution on the vertical boundaries of the sample. Such temperature distribution made it possible to describe a partially silicified region and to delimit from it the sample part that remains “dry” during this process. The dynamics of the main physical characteristics, i.e. porosity of the composite material and concentration of the immobile component in the volume, is analyzed. The external factors influencing the intensity of the condensation process are considered quantitatively, namely, the concentration of the mobile component in the volume is calculated as a function of time. For the characteristic time interval, the maximum change in the porosity of the medium is calculated, on the basis of which the time of complete saturation of the material is estimated, which, as it turned out, is equal about 2 hours. The results of numerical simulation for silicification time and weight gain of the product are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with the known experimental data.
Study of mechanical behavior of elastomeric nanocomposites under large cyclic shear deformations
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Garishin O. K. , Shadrin V. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of viscoelastic properties of elastomeric nanocomposites based on styrene-butadiene rubber and various nanofillers: carbon black, detonation nanodiamonds, graphene nanoplates and single-walled graphene nanotubes. Corresponding tests were also carried out for pure unfilled rubber (as a basis for comparison and analysis of results). Non-standard samples and equipment specially designed for testing at finite shear strains (deformation by hundreds of percent) were used. In order to reveal the specific features of the viscoelastic behavior of the materials under consideration, test programs with complex loading trajectories were carried out — symmetric cyclic shear deformation with increasing amplitude and stops for relaxation when the direction of the tensile machine grips movement is changed. In addition, to evaluate the strength properties of these nanocomposites, they were all subjected to standard uniaxial tensile to rupture tests at a constant strain rate. The analysis of the obtained experimental data is carried out. It was found that the greatest enhancement effect is provided by the input of carbon nanotubes — several times in comparison with other samples. In this case, the largest increase in the hysteresis loop (i.e. dissipative loss) is also observed. This circumstance is very important when using such materials as damping elements. According to the authors, the effect of mechanical enhancement at large shear strains depends on the shape of the nanofiller particles. Nanotubes, due to their huge (compared to the transverse dimensions) length and flexibility, have a much stronger effect on the rearrangement of the composite microstructure compared to other types of fillers, thereby increasing dissipative losses
Seasonal growth of Abies Mill. species introduced in the Boreal Zone (Karelia)
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Kishchenko I. T.
Published: December 2021

The study of the growth of the introduced species of Abies was carried out in the Botanical Garden of Pet-rozavodsk State University (middle taiga subzone, southern Karelia). Studies have established that the growth of shoots of species of the genus Abies begins at the same time in years with a friendly spring. In years with a protracted spring, differences between species in the timing of the onset of this phenophase can reach 1 week. The differences in the timing of the termination of shoot growth also do not exceed 1 week. Growth culminates first in A. holophylla, and most recently in A. balsameа. The highest value of the maximum growth is characteristic of A. holophylla, in other species it is 10–20% less. It turned out that the beginning and culmination of growth in them mostly depends on the temperature regime of the air. The air humidity and the amount of atmospheric precipitation constantly exceed the optimal value for this process. It was found that the beginning of the growth of the needles of the studied species of the ge-nus Abies is noted in late May-early June. The differences do not exceed 2−4 days. First of all, the culmi-nation of the growth of needles is noted in A. holophylla and A. concolor. Its value in these species is 1.5–2 times higher than in other species. Studies have shown that the timing of the beginning, culmina-tion and end of needle growth under the influence of environmental factors from year to year can vary within 2–18 days. The beginning of the growth of needles depends on the temperature regime of the air, and the growth dynamics, in addition, on the humidity of the air and atmospheric precipitation. The na-ture and degree of influence of environmental factors on the growth of needles varies very slightly from year to year, but differs markedly in the studied species of the genus Abies. It was found that A. sibirica and A. balsamea should be recognized as the most promising for landscaping settlements in settlements (with a low degree of pollution by pollutants).
The technique of optical-electrochemical microbiological testing as applied to the comparative analysis of the prebiotic and antimicrobial properties of various plant extracts
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Sibirtsev V. S. , Nechiporenko U. Yu. ,   Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
Published: December 2021

A biotesting technique is described that provides for periodic (every 2 h) recording of changes in the in-tensity of elastic light scattering, pH and electrical conductivity of a liquid nutrient medium incubated in the presence and absence of viable test microorganisms and test samples. The results of a comparative analysis using this technique of antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus of different concentra-tions of whole subcritical extracts obtained using liquefied CO2 from 10 different types of plant raw mate-rials are presented. Studies have shown that among the samples studied by us, the most active prolonged antimicrobial properties were exhibited by extracts from the roots of Chelidonium majus and flowers of Calendula officinalis at their concentration in the test medium (CTE) more than 3 vol.%. And the most ac-tive prolonged prebiotic properties were exhibited by extracts from shoots of Viscum album and leaves of Juglans regia at CTE = 0.2 vol.%. In this case, the biological activity of the tested samples with respect to test microorganisms in most cases monotonically decreased with an increase in the interaction time of the mentioned microorganisms and samples. However, the exact nature of these dependencies in most cases can be established only with the help of a significant number of tests. And the latter can be conveniently carried out using the methodology presented in this work, which allows a much more rapid, objective and informative, as well as much less laborious and material-intensive, than when using standard visual mi-crobiological methods, to assess the effect on the dynamics of the vital activity of microorganisms of vari-ous tested samples.
On the participation of heterotrophic microorganisms in initial soil formation on waste from iron ore agglomeration
Authors:   Institute of soil Science and Agrochemistry, SB RAS, Artamonova V. S. , Bulavina M. I. ,   Institute of soil Science and Agrochemistry, SB RAS
Published: December 2021

The results of studies of the development of heterotrophic microorganisms in embryosemes formed on the sand waste of iron ore agglomeration in Western Siberia are presented. At the initial stage of soil for-mation, low values of actual acidity and very low humus values were found in the initial embryosemes. It is established that such habitats are phytiotoxic, which is confirmed by data on the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings: oats, oilseed radish and white mustard. It is proved that heterotrophic micro-organisms are adapted to life in embryos. Azotobacteria retain vital activity, thanks to toxin and mucus formation, and actively multiply. Micromycetes exhibit dimorphism-yeast and mycelial growth types, which expands the possibilities of their vegetative reproduction and population preservation. It was re-vealed that organo-accumulative embryos are the most viable for plants and microorganisms. For the first time, the glow of mold fungi and Azotobacter under cereal plants and pine plantations was recorded. It is suggested that the emission of light energy, the presence of oxidases of microorganisms and plant lignin contribute to humification in an oligotrophic environment