bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved biosensing of Legionella by integrating filtration and immunomagnetic separation of the bacteria retained in filters
Authors: Mesas Gómez Melania , Molina-Moya Bárbara , de Araujo Souza Bárbara , Boldrin Zanoni Maria Valnice , Julián Esther , Domínguez José , Pividori Maria Isabel
Published: January 2024

A novel approach is presented that combines filtration and the direct immunomagnetic separation of the retained bacteria Legionella in filters, for further electrochemical immunosensing. This strategy allows for the separation and preconcentration of the water-borne pathogen from high-volume samples, up to 1000 mL. The limit of detection of the electrochemical immunosensor resulted in 100 CFU mL−1 and improved up to 0.1 CFU mL−1 when the preconcentration strategy was applied in 1 L of sample (103-fold improvement). Remarkably, the immunosensor achieves the limit of detection in less than 2.5 h and simplified the analytical procedure. This represents the lowest concentration reported to date for electrochemical immunosensing of Legionella cells without the need for pre-enrichment or DNA amplification. Furthermore, the study successfully demonstrates the extraction of bacteria retained on different filtering materials using immunomagnetic separation, highlighting the high efficiency of the magnetic particles to pull out the bacteria directly from solid materials. This promising feature expands the applicability of the method beyond water systems for detecting bacteria retained in air filters of air conditioning units by directly performing the immunomagnetic separation in the filters.

Graphical abstract
From a glimpse into the key aspects of calibration and correlation to their practical considerations in chemical analysis
Authors: Stalikas Constantine , Sakkas Vasilios
Published: January 2024

In this tutorial review, we provide a guiding reference on the good practice in building calibration and correlation experiments, and we explain how the results should be evaluated and interpreted. The review centers on calibration experiments where the relationship between response and concentration is expected to be linear, although certain of the described principles of good practice can be applied to non-linear systems, as well. Furthermore, it gives prominence to the meaning and correct interpretation of some of the statistical terms commonly associated with calibration and regression. To reach a mutual understanding in this significant field, we present, through a practical example, a step-by-step procedure, which deals with typical challenges related to linearity and outlier assessment, calculation of the associated error of the predicted concentration, and limits of detection. The utilization of regression lines to compare analytical methods is also elaborated. The results of regression and correlation data are acquired by implementing the Excel spreadsheet of Microsoft, being perhaps one of the most widely used user-friendly software in education and research.

Graphical Abstract
Drought index downscaling using AI-based ensemble technique and satellite data
Authors: Behfar Nazanin , Sharghi Elnaz , Nourani Vahid , Booij Martijn J.
Published: January 2024

This study introduces and validates an artificial intelligence (AI)–based downscaling method for Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI) in the northwest of Iran, utilizing PERSSIAN-CDR data and MODIS-derived drought-dependent variables. The correlation between SPI and two drought-dependent variables at a spatial resolution of 0.25° from 2000 to 2015 served as the basis for predicting SPI values at a finer spatial resolution of 0.05° for the period spanning 2016 to 2021. Shallow AI models (Support Vector Regression, Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System, Feedforward Neural Network) and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning method are employed for downscaling, followed by an ensemble post-processing technique for shallow AI models. Validation against rain gauge data indicates that all methods improve SPI simulation compared to PERSIANN-CDR products. The ensemble technique excels by 20% and 25% in the training and test phases, respectively, achieving the mean Determination Coefficient (DC) score of 0.67 in the validation phase. Results suggest that the deep learning LSTM method is less suitable for limited observed data compared to ensemble techniques. Additionally, the proposed methodology successfully detects approximately 80% of drought conditions. Notably, SPI-6 outperforms other temporal scales. This study advances the understanding of AI-driven downscaling for SPI, emphasizing the efficacy of ensemble approaches and providing valuable insights for regions with limited observational data.
Characteristics of macrophage aggregates prepared by rotation culture and their response to polymeric materials
Authors: Toda Shota , Hashimoto Yoshihide , Nakamura Naoko , Yamada Masahiro , Nakaoka Ryusuke , Nomura Wataru , Yamamoto Masaya , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio
Published: January 2024

Understanding the interaction between macrophages and biomaterials is important for the creation of new biomaterials and the development of technologies to control macrophage function. Since macrophages are strongly adhesive, caution is required when performing in vitro evaluations. Similarly, when THP-1 cells, macrophage precursor cells, are differentiated into macrophages using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), it becomes difficult to detach them from the adherent substrate, which has been a problem on investigation of immunological responses to biomaterials. In this study, the interaction of THP-1 cell-differentiated macrophages with biomaterials was analyzed based on a new method of seeding THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were cultured in static and rotation culture without and with PMA. In undifferentiated THP-1 cells, there was no change in cellular function between static and rotation cultures. In rotation culture with PMA, THP-1 cells differentiated and formed macrophage aggregates. IL-1β and MRC1 expression in macrophage aggregates was examined after differentiation and M1/M2 polarization. Macrophage aggregates in rotation culture tended to be polarized toward M2 macrophages compared with those in static culture. In the evaluation of the responses of macrophage aggregates to several kinds of polymeric materials, macrophage aggregates showed different changes in MRC1 expression over time at 30, 50, and 70 rpm. Rotation speed of 30 rpm was considered most appropriate condition in that it gave stable results with the same trend as obtained with static culture. The use of macrophage aggregates obtained by rotational culture is expected to provide new insights into the evaluation of inflammatory properties of biomaterials.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and ictal asystole in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review
Authors: Vogrig Alberto , Bellizzi Fabrizio , Burini Alessandra , Gigli Gian Luigi , Girardi Luca , Honnorat Jérôme , Valente Mariarosaria
Published: January 2024

Objective

As autoimmune encephalitis (AE) often involves the mesial temporal structures which are known to be involved in both sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and ictal asystole (IA), it may represent a good model to study the physiopathology of these phenomena. Herein, we systematically reviewed the occurrence of SUDEP and IA in AE.

Methods

We searched 4 databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between database inception and December 20, 2022, according to the PRISMA guidelines. We selected articles reporting cases of definite/probable/possible/near-SUDEP or IA in patients with possible/definite AE, or with histopathological signs of AE.

Results

Of 230 records assessed, we included 11 cases: 7 SUDEP/near-SUDEP and 4 IA. All patients with IA were female. The median age at AE onset was 30 years (range: 15–65), and the median delay between AE onset and SUDEP was 11 months; 0.9 months for IA. All the patients presented new-onset seizures, and 10/11 also manifested psychiatric, cognitive, or amnesic disorders. In patients with SUDEP, 2/7 were antibody-positive (1 anti-LGI1, 1 anti-GABABR); all IA cases were antibody-positive (3 anti-NMDAR, 1 anti-GAD65). Six patients received steroid bolus, 3 intravenous immunoglobulin, and 3 plasmapheresis. A pacemaker was implanted in 3 patients with IA. The 6 survivors improved after treatment.

Discussion

SUDEP and IA can be linked to AE, suggesting a role of the limbic system in their pathogenesis. IA tends to manifest in female patients with temporal lobe seizures early in AE, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Australian healthcare personnel acceptance of the seasonal influenza vaccine: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Hall Caroline M. , Bushell Mary , Webster Adrian , Northam Holly
Published: January 2024

Aim

Australian healthcare personnel (HCP) are a vulnerable, yet essential cohort prioritised for seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV). Despite extensive SIV programs, and other health protective behaviours, high levels of influenza exposure contribute to almost 23% of HCP being infected each season. In that context, understanding determinants that maximise SIV uptake among HCP is an important but under-explored area.

Subject and methods

We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with Australian HCP, primarily those most involved with vaccination procedures, including nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and medical practitioners. The question guide development was based on constructs from the Triandis Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour and an integrative review. All interviews were transcribed verbatim with the application of Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to identify and explore pertinent themes.

Results

Six distinct but inter-related themes were associated with HCP seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour. Most significantly, professional responsibility and identity appeared highly associated with positive vaccine intention, followed by vaccination convenience and ease of access. Protection, habit, risk perception, and experience and knowledge were also found to influence HCP decision making around SIV. Vaccination complacency, not hesitancy, was described as impeding the progression of vaccination intention (acceptance) to vaccine behaviours (uptake).

Conclusion

Findings suggest interventions that foster professional identity, leverage camaraderie and a ‘duty of care’ to protect others may enhance SIV intention. While improved access to SIV in the workplace could promote positive vaccination behaviour, particularly if triggers or nudges are applied to prompt the vaccination habit in the presence of SIV acceptance.
The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer
Authors: Valente Ingrid V. Bonilla , Garcia Denise , Abbott Andrea , Spruill Laura , Siegel Julie , Forcucci Jessica , Hanna George , Mukherjee Rupak , Hamann Mark , Hilliard Eleanor , Lockett Mark , Cole David J. , Klauber-DeMore Nancy
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Boswellic acids, active components of frankincense, suppress tumor proliferation in vitro with a strong clinical trial safety profile in patients with inflammatory diseases. We performed a Phase Ia window of opportunity trial of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) in patients with breast cancer to evaluate its biologic activity and safety.

Methods

Patients with invasive breast cancer were treated pre-operatively with B. Serrata (2400 mg/day PO) until the night before surgery for a median of 11 days (SD 6 days; range: 5–23 days). Paraffin-embedded sections from pretreatment diagnostic core biopsies and post-treatment surgical excisions were evaluated using a tunnel assay and immunohistochemistry staining with Ki-67 antibodies. A non-intervention retrospective control arm consisting of core and surgical tissue specimens from untreated patients was used to compare patients treated with B. Serrata. The change in proliferation and apoptosis between diagnostic core specimens and surgical specimens was compared between the control and treatment groups using a two-tailed paired t-test.

Results

Twenty-two patients were enrolled, of which 20 received treatment, and 18 had sufficient tissue for IHC. There was an increase in percent change in proliferation from core biopsy to surgical excision in the control group (n = 18) of 54.6 ± 21.4%. In the B. serrata-treated group there was a reduction in proliferation between core biopsy and excision (n = 18) of 13.8 ± 11.7%. This difference was statistically significant between the control and B. serrata-treated groups (p = 0.008). There was no difference in change in apoptosis. There were no serious adverse events related to the drug.

Conclusion

Boswellia serrata inhibited breast cancer proliferation and was well-tolerated in a Phase Ia window of opportunity trial.
Organising Food Systems Through Ecologies of Care: A Relational Approach
Authors: Pavlovich Kathryn , Roche Maree
Published: January 2024

Concerns over the organising of food are widespread, stemming from unsustainable production practices that focus on extractive ‘use’ of resources that privilege wealth creation over planetary flourishing, care and well-being. We propose a conceptual framework based on ecologies of care to assist in the re-entanglement of food systems. The concept of ecologies of care brings together theoretical understandings of relationality, ecology and care, along with an Aotearoa New Zealand indigenous Māori perspective. We examine how food production can be underpinned by interdependent webs of relationships (whanaungatanga), stewardship (kaitiakitanga), and care and support (manaakitanga) with healthy land and healthy people at the core of organising.
Relative effectiveness of simulation games, blended learning, and interactive multimedia in basic science achievement of varying ability pupils
Authors: Adeyele Victoria Olubola
Published: January 2024

The study determined the relative effectiveness of simulation games, blended learning, and interactive multimedia in enhancing learning outcomes in Basic Science of pupils with varying abilities, with a view to providing information on the most effective strategy for instructing Basic Science among pupils with varying abilities. Children should be exposed to and commence learning science at a young age because science and technology are the dynamic forces behind present socioeconomic progress. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental research design. The experiment was conducted in six schools, and two schools were used as the control group. The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Permission was sought from the Local Government Education Authorities (LGEA) to use the schools in their jurisdictions for the experiment. Participants were given a consent form for their parents. Pseudonyms were used to replace participants’ names. The findings indicate that interactive multimedia is more effective with pupils in mainstream schools, whereas blended learning proves more effective for pupils in special schools. These findings imply that teachers should employ strategies to captivate and maintain attention while teaching Basic Science.
Atmospheric Degradation of Ecologically Important Biogenic Volatiles: Investigating the Ozonolysis of (E)-β-Ocimene, Isomers of α and β-Farnesene, α-Terpinene and 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One, and Their Gas-Phase Products
Authors: Touhami Dalila , Mofikoya Adedayo O. , Girling Robbie D. , Langford Ben , Misztal Pawel K. , Pfrang Christian
Published: January 2024

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), synthesised by plants, are important mediators of ecological interactions that can also undergo a series of reactions in the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant generated through sunlight-driven reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOCs. Its levels have increased since the industrial revolution and reactions involving ozone drive many chemical processes in the troposphere. While ozone precursors often originate in urban areas, winds may carry these hundreds of kilometres, causing ozone formation to also occur in less populated rural regions. Under elevated ozone conditions, ozonolysis of bVOCs can result in quantitative and qualitative changes in the gas phase, reducing the concentrations of certain bVOCs and resulting in the formation of other compounds. Such changes can result in disruption of bVOC-mediated behavioural or ecological interactions. Through a series of gas-phase experiments using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), we investigated the products and their yields from the ozonolysis of a range of ubiquitous bVOCs, which were selected because of their importance in mediating ecological interactions such as pollinator and natural enemy attraction and plant-to-plant communication, namely: (E)-β-ocimene, isomers of α and β-farnesene, α-terpinene and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. New products from the ozonolysis of these compounds were identified, and the formation of these compounds is consistent with terpene-ozone oxidation mechanisms. We present the degradation mechanism of our model bVOCs and identify their reaction products. We discuss the potential ecological implications of the degradation of each bVOC and of the formation of reaction products.
Perceptions of Electability: Candidate (and Voter) Ideology, Race, and Gender
Authors: Hassell Hans J. G. , Visalvanich Neil
Published: January 2024

Previous work has shown candidate electability is an important consideration to voters in deciding who to support. However, we do not know what candidate qualities voters consider more electable, especially in the absence of polling information. While scholarship has documented general election penalties for candidates with certain demographic and ideological characteristics, we do not know whether voters actually use these factors when judging electability. Using a conjoint experimental design, we examine how candidate characteristics influence perceptions of candidate electability. We find voters perceive women and minorities as less electable and ideologically extreme candidates as more electable. However, perceptions of electability vary with voter characteristics. Our results indicate that arguments about electability, for many individuals, are based on their own ideological preferences (and to a lesser extent, their identity) rather than systematically viewing candidates with attributes that provide general election advantages as more electable.
The Scientific Calibration of the Dawn Framing Camera
Authors: Kovács Gábor , Nathues Andreas , Sierks Holger , Gutiérrez Marqués Pablo , Hoffmann Martin , Thangjam Guneshwar Singh
Published: January 2024

NASA’s Dawn mission visited the large main-belt asteroids Ceres and Vesta, returning a rich data set. Its science and navigation cameras, Framing Cameras 1 and 2, provided more than 100,000 surface images in total of both targets with seven colour and one panchromatic channels. This paper summarizes the scientific calibration of the Framing Camera images, combining information from on-ground and in-flight calibration campaigns. We describe the calibration methods, algorithms, and parameters that led to the final level 1c data product, including correcting stray light sources. In addition, we detail the performance and stability of both instruments.
The Uranus Multi-Experiment Radiometer for Haze and Clouds Characterization
Authors: Apéstigue V. , Toledo D. , Irwin P. G. J. , Rannou P. , Gonzalo A. , Martínez-Oter J. , Ceballos-Cáceres J. , Azcue J. , Jiménez J. J. , Sebastian E. , Yela M. , Sorribas M. , de Mingo J. R. , Martín-Ortega A. , Belenger T. , Alvarez M. , Vázquez-García de la Vega D. , Espejo S. , Arruego I.
Published: January 2024

The aerosols (clouds and hazes) on Uranus are one of the main elements for understanding the thermal structure and dynamics of its atmosphere. Aerosol particles absorb and scatter the solar radiation, directly affecting the energy balance that drives the atmospheric dynamics of the planet. In this sense, aerosol information such as the vertical distribution or optical properties is essential for characterizing the interactions between sunlight and aerosol particles at each altitude in the atmosphere and for understanding the energy balance of the planet’s atmosphere. Moreover, the distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere provides key information on the global circulation of the planet (e.g., regions of upwelling or subsidence).

To address this challenge, we propose the Uranus Multi-experiment Radiometer (UMR), a lightweight instrument designed to characterize the aerosols in Uranus’ atmosphere as part of the upcoming Uranus Flagship mission’s descending probe payload. The scientific goals of UMR are: (1) to study the variation of the solar radiation in the ultra-violet (UV) with altitude and characterize the energy deposition in the atmosphere; (2) to study the vertical distribution of the hazes and clouds and characterize their scattering and optical properties; (3) to investigate the heating rates of the atmosphere by directly measuring the upward and downward fluxes; and (4) to study the cloud vertical distribution and composition at pressures where sunlight is practically negligible (p > 4-5 bars).

The instrument includes a set of photodetectors, field-of-view masks, a light infrared lamp, and interference filters. It draws on the heritage of previous instruments developed at the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) that participated in the exploration of Mars, where similar technology has demonstrated its endurance in extreme environments while utilizing limited resources regarding power consumption, mass and volume footprints, and data budget. The radiometer’s design and characteristics make it a valuable complementary payload for studying Uranus’ atmosphere with a high scientific return.
Interaction domains for capacity- and performance-based design of pile groups
Authors: Cesaro Raffaele , Di Laora Raffaele , Iodice Chiara , Mandolini Alessandro
Published: January 2024

The aim of the paper is to propose design tools for pile groups when vertical and moment loads are applied simultaneously. This is done by presenting a method to derive the exact solution for the failure locus in the generalized force space, including a vertical load and a moment with components along two axes, to employ for capacity requirements which helps to get rid of overconservative assumptions usually adopted in design. Moreover, closed-form solutions for performance-based interaction domains are also provided allowing to detect all the combinations of external loads associated with a given value of settlement and/or rotation of the foundation that is extremely useful when the design is ruled by serviceability requirements. The application of these straightforward formulae provides results which are in very good agreement with the more rigorous solutions derived from a numerical procedure developed ad hoc for the problem at hand.
Validation of a small-scale method for determination of phosphorus in meat and meat products by molecular absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Fernandes Élia , Barros Mário , Pires Preciosa
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of an alternative analytical technique to the reference method for phosphorus detection in meat and meat products established by ISO 2294:1974, revised by ISO 23776:2021. When an analytical method is modified or a new one is developed and implemented, it should be validated before being accepted for routine determinations. Furthermore, it is necessary to demonstrate that the new or alternative method has good performance characteristics in comparison with the reference method. Therefore, a comparison of the performance of the alternative and the reference method should be made. In the present study, a statistical evaluation of the calibration model of the alternative method was made with data from interlaboratory studies made in five consecutive years using fifty analyses of meat and meat products. The statistical parameters evaluated over time for the calibration curve were the y-intercept and slope; correlation and linearity; analytical limits: detection and quantification; working range; and accuracy (precision and trueness). In the interlaboratory tests, the results obtained by the alternative analytical method were compared with those obtained by the reference method, and their performance in these tests was also evaluated. The results obtained by the alternative method indicated better accuracy than the reference method due to lower relative errors, more precision, and a good trueness evaluation through lower absolute values of the z-score. The study demonstrated that the phosphorus alternative method is applicable for the determination of total phosphorus in the matrix of meat and meat products.
Prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin in non-cardiac surgical patients in intensive care units
Authors: Sivarajah Jitain , Toolis Michael , Seminoff Samantha , Smith Jesse , Bhalla Vikram , Paul Eldho , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath
Published: January 2024

Type II myocardial injury following surgical procedures is associated with adverse outcomes. The prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) due to type II myocardial injury in surgical patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic value of hs-cTn in type II acute myocardial injury in non-cardiac surgical patients requiring post-operative ICU admission. Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to two level III ICUs following surgery and had hs-cTn measured on the day of ICU admission. Patients who had type I acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during their admission were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS. A total of 420 patients were included. On univariable analysis, higher hs-cTn was associated with increased hospital mortality (14.6% vs 6.3%, p = 0.008), ICU LOS (41.1 h, vs 25 h, p = 0.004) and hospital LOS (253 h vs 193 h, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, hs-cTn was not independently associated with increased risk of hospital mortality. However, in patients who had elective surgery, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk (OR 1.048; 95% CI 1.004–1.094; p = 0.031) of hospital mortality with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.753 (95% CI 0.598–0.908). In elective surgical patients, hs-cTn was associated with increased risk of mortality. Larger multicentre studies are required to confirm this association that may assist in risk stratification of elective surgical patients requiring ICU admission.
Treatment of Richter’s Transformation with Novel Therapies
Authors: Bajwa Amneet , Habib Alma , Kittai Adam S.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of Review

This review presents recently published clinical trial data and ongoing investigations regarding the treatment of Richter’s transformation (RT).

Recent Findings

Recently, numerous approaches have been investigated for the treatment of RT including: traditional chemoimmunotherapy regimens combined with targeted agents such as BTKi and BCL2i; immunotherapy combined with targeted agents; non-covalent BTKis; bispecific T cell engagers; and CART therapy. In addition, various novel targeted agents are currently being studied for the treatment of RT in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials.

Standard of care treatment with chemoimmunotherapy for RT has limited efficacy in achieving durable remissions. Here, we review recent data on the use of combination treatments and targeted agents in RT. Although some progress has been made in the investigation to optimize treatment of RT, further study is needed to evaluate long term outcomes of recently published trials and test efficacy of upcoming novel agents.
Functional Properties of Moringa Oleifera Protein Isolates as Influenced by Different Isolation Techniques, pH, and Ionic Strength
Authors: Illingworth Kirsty A. , Lee Yee Ying , Siow Lee Fong
Published: January 2024

Plant-based proteins are increasingly being utilized as they are sustainable, economical, and can enhance the organoleptic properties of food products. This study investigated the effect of extraction and isolation techniques (alkaline extraction & isoelectric precipitation and salt extraction & micellization) on the functional properties ((solubility, water holding and oil absorption capacity (WHC/OAC), emulsifying activity and stability index (EAI/ESI), foaming capacity and stability (FC/FS), and gelation)) of Moringa oleifera protein isolates. The effect of ionic strength (0.2–1.0 M NaCl) and pH (2–10) on the functional properties were also investigated. Salt extraction & micellization produced an isolate with a high solubility at 0.8 M NaCl and pH 10 (98.1%, 91.8%), EAI at 0.6 M NaCl and pH 6 (56.2 m2/g, 77.0 m2/g), and ESI at 0.8 M NaCl and pH 4 (64.4 min, 243.5 min). Alkaline extraction & isoelectric precipitation resulted in an isolate with a high WHC at 0.6 M NaCl and pH 10 (5.8 g/g, 4.0 g/g), OAC (4.9 g/g), FC at 0.4 M NaCl and pH 2 (203.3%, 163.3%), and gelation at 0.2 M NaCl, 0.4 M NaCl, and pH 8 (20.0%). Both extraction methods can be applied in the valorization of M. oleifera seedcake. Micellized isolate could be used in food emulsions due to better emulsifying properties, while isoelectric isolate can be applied in meats and sauces, owing to better water holding and oil absorption capacity. M. oleifera protein isolates are promising plant-based proteins that can be used in food formulations or to replace animal-derived proteins in food.
Potential of Chinese Bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) Fruit, Kernel, and Pomace as Promising Functional Ingredients for the Development of Food Products: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mo Jianling , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Osman Ahmed I. , Eletmany Mohamed R. , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit (CBF) is widely growing in eastern Asia, mainly in China. CBFs contain a high number of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. However, CBF can be easily damaged and cannot be stored for more than 3 days at 20–22 °C and 9–12 days at 0–2 °C. Thus, this review explores the potential options for the long-term preservation and consumption of CBFs, as well as the importance of CBF by-products. The review also addressed the biological activity of CBFs and their food products. The consumption period of CBF can be increased by employing a variety of processing techniques, including rapid freezing, drying, juicing, making wine and vinegar, and adding it to meals. Additionally, oil and bioactive substances can be extracted from the CBF by-products, such as kernel and pomace. The greatest options to extend the duration of CBF ingestion are thought to be CBF powder, juice, and wine. Furthermore, CBFs and their derivatives exhibit many biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. The two biological activities that were most potent were antidiabetic and antioxidant. However, more biological research, particularly clinical-based research, is advised to investigate the potential health benefits of CBF and its products.
Are prolactin levels efficient in predicting a pituitary lesion in patients with hyperprolactinemia?
Authors: Varaldo Emanuele , Cuboni Daniela , Prencipe Nunzia , Aversa Luigi Simone , Sibilla Michela , Bioletto Fabio , Berton Alessandro Maria , Gasco Valentina , Ghigo Ezio , Grottoli Silvia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Data regarding the presence of a prolactin (PRL) threshold above which a pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mandatory in patients with hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL) are controversial and derived primarily from studies focused on female populations. Aim of our study was to evaluate in a cohort of patients of both sexes with confirmed hyperPRL, the possible correlation between PRL values and the presence of pituitary abnormalities.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent serial PRL sampling at our Division between January 2015 and December 2022. Patients diagnosed with monomeric hyperPRL at serial sampling and with subsequent contrast-enhanced MRI results available for the pituitary region were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were prior pituitary disease, severe renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, uncompensated primary hypothyroidism and ongoing therapy with hyperprolactinemic drugs. Physiological causes of hyperPRL were also ruled out.

Results

Out of the 1253 patients who underwent serial PRL sampling, 139 patients (101 women and 38 men) met the inclusion criteria: 106 (76.3%) patients had some form of pituitary disease, with microlesions observed in 69.8%, macrolesions in 25.5% and other findings in 4.7% of subjects. PRL values showed a modest accuracy in predicting the presence of a pituitary abnormality and the best cut-offs identified were >25 µg/L (AUC 0.767, p = 0.003) and >44.2 µg/L (AUC 0.697, p < 0.001) in men and women, respectively; however, if only patients with PRL values > 500 µg/L were excluded from the analysis, as they were already supposed to harbor a macroprolactinoma, PRL levels were not able to predict the presence of a macrolesion neither in men nor women.

Conclusion

Given the high prevalence of pituitary abnormalities in patients of both sexes with hyperPRL at serial sampling, performing a pituitary imaging in all cases of hyperPRL, even if mild, appears to be a cautious choice.
Perchlorates in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Accardo Giacomo , Pupilli Cinzia , Malandrino Pasqualino , De Geronimo Vincenzo , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Perchlorates are ionic inhibitors antagonizing iodine transport into thyrocytes, hampering thyroid hormone synthesis. Nevertheless, perchlorates are not considered as first-line treatment in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis as compared to other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Aim

Reassessing the therapeutic role of perchlorates in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis throughout a systematic review of the Literature.

Methods

Guidelines were searched and examined to summarize current recommendations on the use of perchlorates in the management of hyperthyroidism. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were also searched and reviewed to summarize the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of perchlorates in hyperthyroidisms and thyrotoxicosis.

Results

The management of specific forms of hyperthyroidism was considered, including Graves’ disease (GD) in non-pregnant adults, hyperthyroidisms in pregnancy, iodine media contrast-induced hyperthyroidism, amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidisms, and thyroid storm. Most of the reported studies had remarkable limitations in terms of study design (non-controlled trials, lack of blinding), low number of participants, and the lack of clinically relevant endpoints, such as cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and teratogenicity. Overall, perchlorates could be considered a second-line treatment after thionamides, radioiodine, and total thyroidectomy in both GD and hyperthyroidisms in pregnancy. The therapeutic potential of perchlorates alone or in combination with other agents could be considered a second-line treatment of iodine-related hyperthyroidisms and thyroid storm.

Conclusion

Despite the low level of evidence, perchlorates could be considered in such specific forms of thyroid disorders, including iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm.
“It’s Like POOF and It’s Gone”: The Live-Streaming of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Christensen Larissa S. , Woods Jodie
Published: January 2024

The live-streaming of child sexual abuse is an established, and prolific, form of abuse, with high international demand. It involves transmitting the sexual abuse of children in ‘real time’ via a webcam to individuals in any geographical location. Despite it being identified as a global key threat in the area of child sexual exploitation, there is a dearth of literature on this type of offending, limiting our understanding. Until further research is conducted, the current paper fills an important purpose by offering a stop gap of current research on the live-streaming of child sexual abuse. In particular, it draws from a breadth of literature to offer a synthesis of where geographically CSA live-streaming appears to mostly occur; the technological and legal barriers in detecting and prosecuting the behavior; what we know about viewers; what we know about facilitators; and the victims of CSA live-streaming and the impact of the abuse on them. In doing so, this paper offers critical knowledge for research, policy, and practice professionals across psychology, criminology, and law disciplines, who are interested in understanding, preventing, and responding to this form of sexual offending against children.
Chemical Composition of the Aboveground Tissues of Miscanthus × giganteus and Relationships to Soil Characteristics
Authors: Pisani Oliva , Klick Sabrina A. , Strickland Timothy C. , Pisarello Kathryn L. , Coffin Alisa W.
Published: January 2024

To reduce the C footprint of human activities, there is a growing need for alternative energy sources including the production of bioenergy feedstocks. Miscanthus × giganteus is a high yielding grass with low environmental impact and high potential for feedstock use. Studying the composition of the aboveground tissues of Miscanthus is important for understanding feedstock quality for biofuel conversion and how crop residue quality may affect soil input management. Data on Miscanthus leaf and stem chemistry including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), macronutrient concentrations, and the optical characteristics of the water extractable organic matter (WEOM) was analyzed to identify differences in composition between aboveground tissues and modeled to identify soil variables that may be correlated with tissue chemistry. Leaves and stems were dominated by N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), but overall, the leaves contained higher nutrient concentrations compared to the stems. The leaves displayed elevated Si:K (0.0935) and Ca:K (0.445) ratios and lower C:N (36) and C:P (323) ratios compared to the stems (0.0560, 0.145, 150, and 645, respectively). Leaf WEOM contained large, aromatic, and complex structures, while the stem WEOM was dominated by small, recently produced structures. Varying relationships were found between tissue C and the mobile C pool in surface (0–15 cm) and deep (45–60 cm) soils. Overall, Miscanthus leaves had a chemical composition indicative of reduced biofuel quality compared to the stems. The relationships with soil mobile C suggest a dynamic linkage between Miscanthus physiology and this active soil C pool. These results have implications for crop nutrient allocation and nutrient management practices.
Biosorption and desorption of chromium using hybrid microalgae-activated sludge treatment system
Authors: Dabai Aminu Isiya , Mohammed Kasim
Published: January 2024

This study utilised a mixed culture of Chlorella vulgaris and bacteria from sludge to treat synthetic tannery wastewater (STWW) in modified stirred-tank photobioreactors (MSTPBRs). The MSTPBRs were fabricated locally and operated at irradiance value of 580 µmol/m2s supplied by red light-emitting diodes at 12:12 light–dark cycles and 100 ± 1 rpm continuous stirring. In each case, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L concentrations of STWW were inoculated with mixed culture of microalgae and bacteria in three MSTPBRs, with the control MSTPBR operating at 50 mg/L of STWW. Chromium concentrations were measured using colorimeter whilst Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated possible Cr biosorption. Maximum Cr (VI) and total Cr removal efficiencies of 93 and 94% were achieved, with more than 78% total Cr recovery. Results from FTIR suggested involvement of Chlorella vulgaris in the Cr biosorption. The hybrid microalgae-bacteria system efficiently treated tannery wastewater with considerable Cr removal efficiencies. The potentials of the system in treating tannery wastewater in larger scale may require further investigation.
Exploring the probing capacities of MSA capped CdTe semiconductor quantum dots as optical chemsensors via analytical and isotherms modeling for selective Hg2+ detection
Authors: Ajroud Mohamed , Abdella Faiza I. A. , Alanazi Tahani Y. A. , Helaoui Meryem , Boudriga Sarra
Published: January 2024

Heavy metal ions bioaccumulation can cause severe damage to environment and human health. Hence, the development of an effective detection assay of trace amounts of these ions is of great importance. Here, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) ligands have been synthesized in aqueous solution with significant stability and good fluorescence properties. Photophysical characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and UV–Vis. Absorption, PL and PLRT techniques, seeking their subsequent application as fluorescent probes for metal cations. CdTe-MSA QDs showed selective sensitivity toward Hg2+ ions by monitoring quantitative fluorescence quenching with increasing analyte content. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for the detection was 0.2–6 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM. According to the Stern–Volmer model, it can be inferred that a static quenching mechanism via Hg2+ selective binding to MSA carboxylate groups is operating with electron transfer process. Excess of mercuric ions further decreased and red shifted the fluorescence possibly due to competitive cation exchanges. To further explain the corresponding ligation mechanisms, adsorption behavior study was conducted via several isotherms as well as statistical physics models. The pseudo-first-order model can describe the adsorption kinetics of Hg2+ on CdTe-MSA QDs more accurately and the experimental data fitted well the Langmuir isotherm model of monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surface. Furthermore, this spontaneous process conforms to the Hill model as a physisorption with an adsorption energy of 32 kJ.mol−1 associated with the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The developed system was assayed in the Hg2+ trace amount detection in real tap water and showed satisfactory accuracy performance meeting analytical requirements. The relevant results demonstrated that CdTe-MSA QDs could be deployed as promising Hg2+ fluorescent chemosensing system with high sensitivity and selectivity over wide linear detection range that have great potential for real water samples analysis.
Would John Dewey Wear a Fitbit? A Pragmatist Analysis of Self-Tracking Technologies’ Impact on Habit Formation
Authors: Wieczorek Michał
Published: January 2024

In this paper, I discuss the formation of habits with the help of self-tracking technologies. Although devices like Fitbit smart bands come with promises of empowerment through the means of increased control over users’ habits, existing literature does not provide conclusive findings about the validity of such claims. I contribute to the ongoing debate by relying on John Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy and its notion of intelligent habit. I demonstrate that from a pragmatist standpoint, habits that are the most likely to accomplish users’ goals contribute to their flourishing need to be reflective (accompanied by adequate deliberation) and flexible (adaptable to the changing circumstances). On this basis I highlight some ethical-epistemic issues surrounding self-tracking technologies that inhibit the formation of habits desirable from a Deweyan standpoint. These include a lack of reflection on the part of the developers, difficulties for users to deliberate and consciously shape the habits developed by their devices, and dependence upon self-tracking tools that makes it difficult to adapt habits to individual needs and circumstances. I conclude the paper by discussing self-tracking’s general impact on flourishing, as well as placing my arguments in the context of the diversity of self-tracking practices and identifying how users attempt to alleviate the shortcomings of the technology and make it more suitable to their goals and needs.
Technology as a Strategy of the Human? A Comparison Between the Extension Concept and the Fetish Concept of Technology
Authors: Pieper Maximilian
Published: January 2024

Discussions on the Anthropocene as the geology of mankind imply the question whether globalized technology such as energy technologies or A.I. ought to be first and foremost conceptualized as a strategy of the human in relation to nature or as a strategy of some humans over others. I argue that both positions are mirrored in the philosophy and sociology of technology through the concepts of technology as an extension and as a fetish. The extension concept understands technology as an extension of the human body and its capabilities, resulting in a local ‘inward’ perspective. The fetish concept offers a contrary ‘outward’ perspective by drawing attention to the global socio-material context of modern technology. Despite their differences, I argue that both concepts share an underlying operation principle of technology as functional simplification. Technology always involves a functional simplification of physical as well as social causality. Sociologists and philosophers of technology would do well not to give primacy to the former as it leads to the belief in technology as a universal tool that neglects how technology is not embedded in but consists of (unequal) social arrangements.
Salinity management of reservoirs by linking hydrodynamic model, surrogate model, and evolutionary optimization
Authors: Sedighkia M. , Datta B.
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a combined system for salinity management of reservoirs in which the lake ecosystem simulation is integrated with the reservoir operation optimization. A finite volume-based depth-averaged model is applied for simulating salinity in the reservoir for a long-term period. Then, a surrogate model is developed by applying outputs of the fluid dynamic model using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The surrogate model is used in the structure of the optimization model to estimate the average salinity concentration in the reservoir. Two objectives are defined in the reservoir operation optimization including minimizing water supply loss and mitigating salinity impacts on the aquatic habitats in the lake ecosystem. According to case study results, the fluid dynamic model is reliable for simulating salinity distribution in the reservoir, which means it is recommendable for simulating salinity distribution of reservoirs. Moreover, The Nash–Sutcliff coefficient of surrogate model is 0.79, which implies it is reliable for applying in the optimization model as a surrogate model of salinity. Based on the environmental considerations, 0.55 ppt was defined as the average threshold of habitat suitability. Average optimal salinity during the simulated period is 0.52 ppt, which implies the optimization model is able to reduce salinity impacts properly. We recommend using the proposed method for the case studies in which increasing salinity is an environmental challenge for the aquatic species those living in the artificial lakes of large dams.