bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROGER: Ranking-Oriented Generative Retrieval
Authors: Zhou Yujia , Yao Jing , Dou Zhicheng , Tu Yiteng , Wu Ledell , Chua Tat-Seng , Wen Ji-Rong
Published: June 2024

In recent years, various dense retrieval methods have been developed to improve the performance of search engines with a vectorized index. However, these approaches require a large pre-computed index and have a limited capacity to memorize all semantics in a document within a single vector. To address these issues, researchers have explored end-to-end generative retrieval models that use a seq-to-seq generative model to directly return identifiers of relevant documents. Although these models have been effective, they are often trained with the MLE method. It only encourages the model to assign a high probability to the relevant document identifier, ignoring the relevance comparisons of other documents. This may lead to performance degradation in ranking tasks, where the core is to compare the relevance between documents. To address this issue, we propose a ranking-oriented generative retrieval model that incorporates relevance signals to better estimate the relative relevance of different documents in ranking tasks. Based upon the analysis of the optimization objectives of dense retrieval and generative retrieval, we propose utilizing dense retrieval to provide relevance feedback for generative retrieval. Under an alternate training framework, the generative retrieval model gradually acquires higher-quality ranking signals to optimize the model. Experimental results show that our approach increasing Recall@1 by 12.9% with respect to the baselines on MS MARCO dataset.
The Toxic Cost of Cheap Usernames: Re-Applying Friedman and Resnick's Framework in Competitive Video Game Networks
Authors: Chen Sarah
Published: June 2024

Toxicity in video games, acting in a rude, abusive, bullying, or deliberately losing manner, ruins competitive team-based video game experiences for everyone involved. Companies are experimenting with the detection, regulation, and bans of toxic players. Regulation attempts are foiled by the ease with which players can switch accounts by creating new profiles to evade consequences.

This article applies the framework of Friedman and Resnick (2001), “The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms”, to address the reputational and repetition cost of online pseudonyms in the niche environment of video game toxicity. Four potential solutions are discussed in the context of modern video game regulation: resource-intensive account set-up, paid dues, real-world identification, and a once-in-a-lifetime identification system that creates a permanent, traceable record of toxicity. The article covers the strengths, weaknesses, feasibility, implementation challenges, and player impact of the potential implementation of these solutions in video game networks.
AutoRL X: Automated Reinforcement Learning on the Web
Authors: Franke Loraine , Weidele Daniel Karl I. , Dehmamy Nima , Ning Lipeng , Haehn Daniel
Published: June 2024

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is crucial in decision optimization, but its inherent complexity often presents challenges in interpretation and communication. Building upon AutoDOViz—an interface that pushed the boundaries of Automated RL for Decision Optimization—this article unveils an open-source expansion with a web-based platform for RL. Our work introduces a taxonomy of RL visualizations and launches a dynamic web platform, leveraging backend flexibility for AutoRL frameworks like ARLO and Svelte.js for a smooth interactive user experience in the front end. Since AutoDOViz is not open-source, we present AutoRL X, a new interface designed to visualize RL processes. AutoRL X is shaped by the extensive user feedback and expert interviews from AutoDOViz studies, and it brings forth an intelligent interface with real-time, intuitive visualization capabilities that enhance understanding, collaborative efforts, and personalization of RL agents. Addressing the gap in accurately representing complex real-world challenges within standard RL environments, we demonstrate our tool’s application in healthcare, explicitly optimizing brain stimulation trajectories. A user study contrasts the performance of human users optimizing electric fields via a 2D interface with RL agents’ behavior that we visually analyze in AutoRL X, assessing the practicality of automated RL. All our data and code is openly available at:
https://github.com/lorifranke/autorlx
.
ASP210: a potent oligonucleotide-based inhibitor effective against TKI-resistant CML cells
Authors: Nemethova Veronika , Babiakova Petra , Teglasova Boglarka , Uhelska Lucia , Babelova Andrea , Selc Michal , Jakic Kristina , Mitrovsky Ondrej , Myslivcova Denisa , Zackova Marketa , Poturnayova Alexandra , Batorova Angelika , Drgona Lubos , Razga Filip
Published: June 2024

Effective treatment modalities targeting leukemic clones that escape tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy could be game changers in the professional management of patients displaying primary resistance, intolerance, or acquired resistance to TKIs. Although delivering authentic innovations today is more complex than ever, we developed a highly potent and safe oligonucleotide-based modality against BCR-ABL1 mRNA named ASP210 that effectively induces cell death in BCR-ABL1-positive TKI-resistant cells while sparing BCR-ABL1-negative healthy cells.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced Sertoli cell injury through c-Jun N-terminal kinase: a study by RNA-Seq
Authors: Gao Sheng , Chen Zifeng , Wu Xiaolong , Wang Lingling , Bu Tiao , Li Linxi , Li Xinyao , Yun Damin , Sun Fei , Cheng C. Yan
Published: June 2024

PFOS induces Sertoli cell injury, including disruption of the 1) blood-testis barrier function and 2) cytoskeletal organization, which, in turn, impedes male reproductive function. These changes are mediated by JNK/p-JNK signaling pathway. However, the use of KB-R7943, a JNK/p-JNK activator was capable of blocking PFOS-induced Sertoli cell injury, supporting the possibility of therapeutically managing PFOS-induced reproductive dysfunction.
Recognizing depression as an inflammatory disease: the search for endotypes
Authors: Steffen Johannes , Focken Nis , Çalışkan Gürsel
Published: June 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, leading to considerable social and economic costs. Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, achieving remission remains a key challenge, with a substantial number of patients showing resistance to existing therapies. This resistance is often associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a connection between inflammation, MDD pathophysiology, and treatment efficacy. The observation of increased immune activation in about a quarter of patients with MDD resulted in the distinction between inflammatory and noninflammatory endotypes. Although anti-inflammatory treatments show promise in alleviating depression-like symptoms, responses are heterogeneous, thus highlighting the importance of identifying distinct inflammatory endotypes to tailor effective therapeutic strategies. The intestinal microbiome emerges as a crucial modulator of mental health, mediating its effects partially through different immune pathways. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) significantly impact innate and adaptive immune cells, regulating their differentiation, function, and cellular response. Furthermore, gut-educated immune cells reach the border regions of the central nervous system (CNS), regulating glial cell functions. Although the CNS modulates immune responses via efferent parts of the vagus nerve, afferent tracts concurrently transport information on peripheral inflammation back to the brain. This bidirectional communication is particularly relevant in depression, allowing for therapeutic stimulation of the vagus nerve in the context of inflammatory depression endotypes. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between inflammation and depression, discuss how inflammatory signals are translated into depressive-like symptoms, and highlight immune-modulating therapeutic avenues.
Data from Causal Relationship between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Risk of Neuroblastoma: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wu Han , Ding Miao , Zhu Jiabei , Mao Siwei , Tang Xiaochen , Fang Sijia , Liu Li , Pan Qiuhui , Yue Chaoyan
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground:
The causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and neuroblastoma remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the causality between SHBG and the risk of neuroblastoma using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
Methods:
Instrumental variables associated with SHBG were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European containing 214,989 females and 185,221 males from the UK Biobank. Summary-level data for neuroblastoma were derived from the IEU OpenGWAS project with 1,627 patients and 3,254 controls. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytic tool.
Results:
The IVW method revealed a significant positive causal relationship between male SHBG and the risk of neuroblastoma [OR, 2.169; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.207–3.897; P = 0.010]. Conversely, female SHBG showed no significant causal link with neuroblastoma (IVW OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 0.542–1.860; P = 0.990). No significant reverse causality was detected. Sensitivity analyses validated these findings.
Conclusions:
Elevated SHBG levels in males, but not in females, can causally increase the risk of neuroblastoma. This gender-specific effect indicates a potential differential role of SHBG in the etiology of neuroblastoma. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this gender disparity. Monitoring SHBG levels, especially in males, could be pivotal in neuroblastoma risk assessment and management.
Impact:
This study highlights a novel gender-specific aspect in the risk of neuroblastoma, emphasizing the potential role of male SHBG levels in neuroblastoma incidence, and sets the stage for targeted preventative strategies and further investigation into gender-based biological mechanisms.
Supplemental Figure 5 from GD2-Targeting CAR T-cell Therapy for Patients with GD2+ Medulloblastoma
Authors: Ciccone Roselia , Quintarelli Concetta , Camera Antonio , Pezzella Michele , Caruso Simona , Manni Simona , Ottaviani Alessio , Guercio Marika , Del Bufalo Francesca , Quadraccia Maria Cecilia , Orlando Domenico , Di Cecca Stefano , Sinibaldi Matilde , Aurigemma Mariasole , Iaffaldano Laura , Sarcinelli Andrea , D'Amore Maria Luisa , Ceccarelli Manuela , Nazio Francesca , Marabitti Veronica , Giorda Ezio , Pezzullo Marco , De Stefanis Cristiano , Carai Andrea , Rossi Sabrina , Alaggio Rita , Del Baldo Giada , Becilli Marco , Mastronuzzi Angela , De Angelis Biagio , Locatelli Franco
Published: June 2024

Supplemental Figure 5. Real-Time killing assay of CAR.GD2 T-cells vs DAOY-GFP cell line.
Supplementary Figure S1 from IRX4204 Induces Senescence and Cell Death in HER2-positive Breast Cancer and Synergizes with Anti-HER2 Therapy
Authors: Moyer Cassandra L. , Lanier Amanda , Qian Jing , Coleman Darian , Hill Jamal , Vuligonda Vidyasagar , Sanders Martin E. , Mazumdar Abhijit , Brown Powel H.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary figure with cell line gene expression
Supplementary Table S1 from A Phase I Trial of Enzalutamide Plus Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Relacorilant in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Desai Kunal B. , Serritella Anthony V. , Stadler Walter M. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Sweis Randy F. , Szmulewitz Russell Z.
Published: June 2024

Table S1: Representativeness of Study Participants
Supplementary Table 3 from KRT17high/CXCL8+ Tumor Cells Display Both Classical and Basal Features and Regulate Myeloid Infiltration in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Carpenter Eileen S. , Kadiyala Padma , Elhossiny Ahmed M. , Kemp Samantha B. , Li Jay , Steele Nina G. , Nicolle Rémy , Nwosu Zeribe C. , Freeman Julia , Dai Henry , Paglia Daniel , Du Wenting , Donahue Katelyn , Morales Jacqueline , Medina-Cabrera Paola I. , Bonilla Monica E. , Harris Lindsey , The Stephanie , Gunchick Valerie , Peterson Nicole , Brown Kristee , Mattea Michael , Espinoza Carlos E. , McGue Jake , Kabala Sarah M. , Baliira Rachel K. , Renollet Nur M. , Mooney Ayden G. , Liu Jianhua , Bhalla Sean , Farida Jeremy P. , Ko Christopher , Machicado Jorge D. , Kwon Richard S. , Wamsteker Erik-Jan , Schulman Allison , Anderson Michelle A. , Law Ryan , Prabhu Anoop , Coulombe Pierre A. , Rao Arvind , Frankel Timothy L. , Bednar Filip , Shi Jiaqi , Sahai Vaibhav , Pasca Di Magliano Marina
Published: June 2024

Chemotaxis Indices for Organoid Migration Assay
Supplementary Figure S10 from Targeted and Shallow Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Therapeutic Opportunities in p53abn Endometrial Cancers
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Sobral de Barros Juliana , Cochrane Dawn R. , Douglas J. Maxwell , Shankar Sameer , Lynch Branden J. , Leung Samuel , Martin Spencer , Senz Janine , Lum Amy , Drew Yvette , Gilks C. Blake , Huntsman David G. , McAlpine Jessica N.
Published: June 2024

Supplemental figure 10. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrating improved PFS in p53abn EC patients with endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid tumors (carcinosarcoma, clear cell, serous and other) in the total cohort.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Preclinical Efficacy of a PSMA-Targeted Actinium-225 Conjugate (225Ac-Macropa-Pelgifatamab): A Targeted Alpha Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Schatz Christoph A. , Zitzmann-Kolbe Sabine , Moen Ingrid , Klotz Monika , Nair Shankari , Stargard Stefan , Bjerke Roger M. , Wickstrøm Biseth Katrine , Feng Yuan Zeng , Indrevoll Bård , Cruciani Veronique , Karlsson Jenny , Haendler Bernard , Nielsen Carsten H. , Alfsen Maria Z. , Hammer Stefanie , Hennekes Hartwig , Cuthbertson Alan , Hagemann Urs B. , Larsen Åsmund
Published: June 2024

Figure S5. Body weight change in the LNCaP, KUCaP-1, ST1273, 22Rv1, and C4-2 (mode-of-action study) prostate cancer models.
Oligonucleotide Table from Overcoming Clinical Resistance to EZH2 Inhibition Using Rational Epigenetic Combination Therapy
Authors: Kazansky Yaniv , Cameron Daniel , Mueller Helen S. , Demarest Phillip , Zaffaroni Nadia , Arrighetti Noemi , Zuco Valentina , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Somwar Romel , Ladanyi Marc , Qu Rui , de Stanchina Elisa , Dela Cruz Filemon S. , Kung Andrew L. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Kentsis Alex
Published: June 2024

Oligonucleotide Table: Complete list of gRNAs and primers used in this study.
Supplementary Figures 1-22 from Spatial Architecture of Myeloid and T Cells Orchestrates Immune Evasion and Clinical Outcome in Lung Cancer
Authors: Enfield Katey S.S. , Colliver Emma , Lee Claudia , Magness Alastair , Moore David A. , Sivakumar Monica , Grigoriadis Kristiana , Pich Oriol , Karasaki Takahiro , Hobson Philip S. , Levi Dina , Veeriah Selvaraju , Puttick Clare , Nye Emma L. , Green Mary , Dijkstra Krijn K. , Shimato Masako , Akarca Ayse U. , Marafioti Teresa , Salgado Roberto , Hackshaw Allan , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , van Maldegem Febe , McGranahan Nicholas , Glass Benjamin , Pulaski Hanna , Walk Eric , Reading James L. , Quezada Sergio A. , Hiley Crispin T. , Downward Julian , Sahai Erik , Swanton Charles , Angelova Mihaela
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figures 1-22 with the corresponding figure legends inline.
Supplementary Figure S1. TRACERx 100 imaging mass cytometry cohort. Supplementary Figure S2. Analysis of imaging mass cytometry data. Supplementary Figure S3. Characterisation of cell subtypes and spatial cellular communities in non-small cell lung cancer. Supplementary Figure S4. Clinicogenomic correlations with cell subtypes and communities. Supplementary Figure S5. TME class associations with cell types and clinical variables. Supplementary Figure S6. Cancer cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features associated with immune cell infiltration. Supplementary Figure S7. Spatial, histological and metabolic features of the Tumour/Stroma:Neutrophil High TME class. Supplementary Figure S8. Transcriptomic features of TS:Neutrophil High TME class and Tumour-Associated Neutrophil scoring. Supplementary Figure S9. Somatic mutations in PIK3CA were associated with neutrophil recruitment through CXCL8 upregulation. Supplementary Figure S10. TAN score association with disease-free survival. Supplementary Figure S11. Validation of the prognostic association from the TAN scoring approach with an automated, deep learning approach in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Supplementary Figure S12. Imaging mass cytometry panel development. Supplementary Figure S13. Spillover matrices for imaging mass cytometry data. Supplementary Figure S14. Multiplexed Consensus Cell Segmentation. Supplementary Figure S15. Investigation of batch effects. Supplementary Figure S16. Raw pixel intensities. Supplementary Figure S17. Pathologist-guided labels. Supplementary Figure S18. Communities methodology and histology associations. Supplementary Figure S19. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry validation of checkpoint molecule expression. Supplementary Figure S20. Cell-cell relationships differ by TME class. Supplementary Figure S21. Cell-cell relationships differ by tumour genomics. Supplementary Figure S22. Cell-cell relationships based on tumour cell phenotypes.
A Deep Learning Model for Cancer Type Prediction Sets a New Standard
Authors: Garg Salil
Published: June 2024

Classifying tumor types using machine learning approaches is not always trivial, particularly for challenging cases such as cancers of unknown primary. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Darmofal and colleagues describe a new tool that uses information from a clinical sequencing panel to diagnose tumor type, and show that the model is particularly robust.

See related article by Darmofal et al., p. 1064 (1).
DAVID VERSUS BENTALL – A COMPARISON OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Authors: STETSYUK I. O. , TODUROV B. M.
Published: June 2024

The aim of the work: to analyze and compare the early postoperative complications in patients operated due to the presence of aneurysms of the root and ascending aorta and aortic valve pathology by the David and Bentall technique.
Materials and Methods. It was a retrospective study. There were 107 patients who were routinely treated surgically at the Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from 2015 to 2023. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the type of surgical intervention: in group A – David operation was performed, in group B – Bentall operation. All data were collected and compared in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period.
Results and Discussion. According to the duration of operations, the indicators are higher in patients of group A. Thus, the total duration of the operation was (291.23±12.67) minutes in group A and (244.418±7.67) min. in group B, respectively (p 0.001). The total duration of artificial blood circulation was (170.28±8.77) minutes in group A and (138.73±6.47) min. in group B, respectively (p 0.003). Aorta clamping time – (122.02±5.92) min. in group A and (95.82±4.79) min. in group B, respectively (p 0.000).
Patients of group A had faster extubation. They spent less days in the intensive care unit and in the hospital in general.
Among the early postoperative complications, it is important to note a greater proportion of arrhythmias in patients after Bentall operation.
The share of acute respiratory failure with repeated reintubation is statistically higher in group B. Other indicators did not differ statistically among patients. The frequency of cell saver use was almost the same in the two groups of patients. The rate of reoperations due to bleeding did not differ statistically and was 3 (5.66 %) for group A and 6 (10.91 %) for group B (p 0.328).
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ НАНОЧАСТИНОК МЕТАЛІВ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ СИНДРОМУ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ПРИ ІНДУКОВАНОМУ КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗІ НА ТЛІ ІШЕМІЧНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Крамар С. Б. , Андрійчук І. Я. , Сорока Ю. В. , Ярошенко Т. Я. , Небесна З. М. , Лісничук Н. Є.
Published: June 2024

Вступ. Синдром ендогенної інтоксикації – неспецифічний стан, характерний при перебізі багатьох захворювань, зокрема онкологічних та серцево-судинних. Зважаючи на численні позитивні властивості наноматеріалів у корекції патологічних процесів, доцільно дослідити їх вплив на параметри ендотоксемії та здатність нанометалів працювати у формі композиції.
Мета дослідження – встановити ефект композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe на показники ендотоксемії при індукованому канцерогенезі на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда.
Методи дослідження. Дослідження виконано на 50 білих безпородних щурах-самцях, яких було поділено на п’ять груп: 1-ша – інтактні; 2-га – щури зі змодельованим ішемічним ураженням міокарда; 3-тя – тварини зі змодельованим ішемічним ураженням міокарда, яким вводили композицію наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe; 4-та – щури зі змодельованим канцерогенезом на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда; 5-та – тварини зі змодельованим канцерогенезом на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда, яким вводили композицію наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe. Ступінь ендогенної інтоксикації оцінювали за зміною еритроцитарного індексу інтоксикації, вмісту молекул середньої маси (МСМ238, МСМ254, МСМ260, МСМ280) та їх індексів.
Результати й обговорення. За умов поєднаної патології вміст усіх фракцій МСМ сягав свого максимуму порівняно з іншими дослідними групами і достовірно (p<0,001) перевищував аналогічний в інтактних тварин. Застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe для корекції синдрому ендогенної інтоксикації при індукованому канцерогенезі на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда сприяло достовірному зниженню концентрації всіх фракцій МСМ. Так, концентрація МСМ280 у тварин 5-ї дослідної групи знизилась в 1,73 раза (p<0,001) порівняно з аналогічним показником щурів 4-ї групи; МСМ254 – в 1,53 раза (p<0,001); МСМ238 – в 1,73 р??? (p<0,001); ???аза (p<0,001); МСМ260 – в 1,26 раза (p<0,01). Цей ефект може бути пов’язаний з анти­мікробними, протизапальними і пробіотичними властивостями композиції наночастинок металів. Ерит­роцитарний індекс інтоксикації у тварин з подвійною патологією достовірно (p<0,001) перевищував показник норми у 2,65 раза, натомість застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe сприяло зниженню цього параметра в 1,29 раза (p<0,001).
Висновки. Застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe сприяє статистично значущому зниженню концентрації показників токсичності плазми крові, що покращує загальний стан організму піддослідних тварин з подвійною патологією.
Respect to the remains: Lady Callcott e a crítica de arte no Oitocentos
Authors: Souza Maria de Fatima Medeiros de
Published: June 2024

Lady Callcott foi uma viajante britânica que atuou na crítica e no colecionismo de arte. A partir de seu livro Essays towards the history of painting, podemos discutir o estabelecimento de uma metodologia científica para a história da arte e entender a participação das mulheres na crítica de arte. Defendemos que a observação direta e a descrição das coleções, aspectos observados no livro de Callcott, eram recursos usados para atestar a autenticidade das obras adquiridas por museus e colecionadores particulares.
As relações de poder com a IA: perspectivas corporativistas no campo da Comunicação
Authors: Magnolo Talita Souza , Whitaker André Machado Coelho
Published: June 2024

This study, by the specific bibliography and practical examples, proposes reflections on the relation between technological advances in AI platforms and applications, power, and the corporate universe, analyzing them considering classical theories and typologies of power. This study aims to understand its implications for the organization of the labor market. We conclude that, even with the use of Artificial Intelligence, it is essential to closely monitor performance indicators, as well as societal behavior.
Jornalismo de marca: credibilidade à custa de estratégias discursivas da informação
Authors: Carvalho Claudiane de Oliveira , Santana Maria Aparecida Brito
Published: June 2024

This text proposes to discuss brand journalism as a discursive strategy non-journalistic organizations use in search of credibility and legitimacy. For this, it maps out branded content productions that appropriate the ways of doing and the ways of saying of the journalistic field. Combining studies of journalism and organizational communication, this study considers the notions of newsworthiness, brand journalism, brand, and credibility. This theoretical-empirical study analyzes and describes the discursive strategies of journalistic information on the InfoMoney website.
Imbalance of APOB Lipoproteins and Large HDL in Type 1 Diabetes Drives Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kothari Vishal , Ho Tse W.W. , Cabodevilla Ainara G. , He Yi , Kramer Farah , Shimizu-Albergine Masami , Kanter Jenny E. , Snell-Bergeon Janet , Fisher Edward A. , Shao Baohai , Heinecke Jay W. , Wobbrock Jacob O. , Lee Warren L. , Goldberg Ira J. , Vaisar Tomas , Bornfeldt Karin E.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) generally have normal or even higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels than people without diabetes yet are at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human HDL is a complex mixture of particles that can vary in cholesterol content by >2-fold. To investigate if specific HDL subspecies contribute to the increased atherosclerosis associated with T1D, we created mouse models of T1D that exhibit human-like HDL subspecies. We also measured HDL subspecies and their association with incident CVD in a cohort of people with T1D.

METHODS:

We generated LDL receptor–deficient (
Ldlr

−/−

) mouse models of T1D expressing human APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1).
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice exhibited the main human HDL subspecies. We also generated
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

T1D mice expressing CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), which had lower concentrations of large HDL subspecies versus mice not expressing CETP. HDL particle concentrations and sizes and proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism were measured by calibrated differential ion mobility analysis and targeted mass spectrometry in the mouse models of T1D and in a cohort of individuals with T1D. Endothelial transcytosis was analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS:

Diabetic
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice were severely hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic and had markedly elevated plasma APOB levels versus nondiabetic littermates but were protected from the proatherogenic effects of diabetes. Diabetic
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice expressing CETP lost the atheroprotective effect and had increased lesion necrotic core areas and APOB accumulation, despite having lower plasma APOB levels. The detrimental effects of low concentrations of larger HDL particles in diabetic mice expressing CETP were not explained by reduced cholesterol efflux. Instead, large HDL was more effective than small HDL in preventing endothelial transcytosis of LDL mediated by scavenger receptor class B type 1. Finally, in humans with T1D, increased concentrations of larger HDL particles relative to APOB100 negatively predicted incident CVD independently of HDL-cholesterol levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that the balance between APOB lipoproteins and the larger HDL subspecies contributes to atherosclerosis progression and incident CVD in the setting of T1D and that larger HDLs exert atheroprotective effects on endothelial cells rather than by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux.
When Foreign Countries Push the Button
Authors: Schwartz Joshua A.
Published: June 2024

How strong are the constraints against nuclear use? Experimental studies find that a majority or near majority of citizens in multiple major powers approve of their own governments’ nuclear strikes if they create military advantages or protect co-national soldiers. But what if the nuclear taboo only begins at the water's edge when individuals evaluate the use of nuclear weapons by a foreign government? Many policymakers believe that the international reaction to nuclear use would be severe, especially among allies. Yet prior studies have not tested this assumption. An identity-based theory of support for nuclear weapons use proposes that this argument is incorrect. The public will display favoritism toward allied and partner countries because it views them as members of the in-group. Four survey experiments in the United States and India provide evidence for this theory. In contrast to many policymakers’ expectations, public approval of nuclear use is not significantly lower for allies or strategic partners than for one's own government. As expected, however, approval is lower for out-groups, such as non-allied and non-partner countries. Absolute support for nuclear attacks is also high, even when it is foreign countries pushing the button. On balance, these findings are inconsistent with the existence of a nuclear taboo or strong non-use norm.
An Increase in Autumn Marine Heatwaves Caused by the Indian Ocean Dipole in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Liang Kunming , Qiu Yun , Lin Xinyu , Lin Wenshu , Ni Xutao , He Yijun
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the interannual variability of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) associated with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) from 1982 to 2021. The results revealed a significant positive correlation at the 95% confidence level between the IOD and MHW days in the central bay at the peak of the IOD in autumn. During positive IOD (pIOD) events, the central bay experienced more MHW days in autumn, with an average increase of 7.4 days. The increased MHW days in the central bay could be primarily attributed to the enhanced net heat flux (TQ), which is 9.7 times the contribution of ocean dynamic processes (horizontal advection + entrainment). The reduced latent heat flux loss and enhanced shortwave radiation due to the anomalous atmospheric low-level high pressure associated with the pIOD account for 63% and 50%, respectively, of the anomalous enhanced TQ, while the longwave radiation and sensible heat flux make smaller contributions of −20% and 7%. In addition, thermocline deepening in the southwestern bay, caused by this anomalous high pressure and associated anticyclonic wind anomalies, favors the occurrence and persistence of MHWs by reducing the mixed-layer cooling rate. In addition to the influence of the IOD, El Niño–Southern Oscillation mainly affects MHWs from winter to the following summer, which confirms the result of a previous study.
Thyrotoxicosis Presenting as an Acute Abdomen
Authors: Woolery Samantha , Freedberg Mari , Sciarretta Jason D. , Castater Christine , Nguyen Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Abdominal pain continues to be a common chief complaint in the emergency setting. While this presentation can be non-specific, there are certain findings that warrant immediate surgical intervention. Portal venous gas on imaging in the setting of peritonitis and sepsis is one such finding. Thyrotoxicosis on the other hand is an uncommon diagnosis that is associated with non-specific symptoms resulting in delayed diagnosis, a clinical scenario that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a rare case of a patient who presented with signs and symptoms of peritonitis and portal venous gas on CT scan that was taken emergently to the operating room. No intraabdominal pathology was identified. The patient was later diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis, the presumed cause of the acute abdomen presentation.
Wavenumber Calibration Protocol for Raman Spectrometers Using Physical Modelling and a Fast Search Algorithm
Authors: Liu Dongyue , Hennelly Bryan M.
Published: June 2024

A wavenumber calibration protocol is proposed that replaces polynomial fitting to relate the detector axis and the wavenumber shift. The physical model of the Raman spectrometer is used to derive a mathematical expression relating the detector plane to the wavenumber shift, in terms of the system parameters including the spectrograph focal length, the grating angle, and the laser wavelength; the model is general to both reflection and transmission gratings. A fast search algorithm detects the set of parameters that best explains the position of spectral lines recorded on the detector for a known reference standard. Using three different reference standards, four different systems, and hundreds of spectra recorded with a rotating grating, we demonstrate the superior accuracy of the technique, especially in bands outside of the outermost reference peaks when compared with polynomial fitting. We also provide a thorough review of wavenumber calibration for Raman spectroscopy and we introduce several new evaluation metrics to this field borrowed from chemometrics, including leave-one-out and leave-half-out cross-validation.
Vulnerability Through a Legal Lens: A Comparative Jurisdictional Analysis of the Law of Confessions and Vulnerable Suspects
Authors: Hughes David , King Angela
Published: June 2024

This article considers the law of confessions in England and the United States of America Supreme Court's Fourteenth amendment cases, with a focus on suspects who are vulnerable. The question that is asked in the piece of work is whether the English statutory provisions and the decisions of the US Supreme Court provide sufficient protection to vulnerable suspects who falsely confess to crimes. A novel approach is adopted with this comparative analysis as it extends the knowledge base by examining vulnerability and the law of confessions within two jurisdictional parameters. A further contribution to knowledge can be seen as the paper provides a bespoke piece of legislation that affords protection to such individuals, and thereby adds to the current debate on vulnerability in the criminal justice system. Firstly, the work critically examine why vulnerable suspects will falsely confess to criminal acts. It will be established that vulnerable suspects may confess even if they have not been coerced, and this will be the foundational basis for the suggested reform: a vulnerable suspects confession should be excluded as a result of their characteristics or that such individuals should be provided with mandatory legal advice. The focus will then turn to the extant position in England, where it will be revealed that confessions will be excluded if they have been obtained by unfair practices or through inhumane or degrading treatment. It will also be recognised that the English jurisdiction affords limited protection to vulnerable suspects even though they are entitled to legal advice and an appropriate adult being present. The US Supreme Court's position will then be evaluated by chronologically critiquing the use of the due process clause in cases of confessions. It will be identified that the vulnerability of the individual can be considered in determining whether a confession should be excluded but cannot be utilised in isolation of other factors. The two jurisdictions will then be critically compared and the positive and negative aspects of the law in the jurisdictions will be evaluated. It will be established that neither England nor the US Supreme provides sufficient protection to vulnerable suspects and the law requires further refinement, by placing priority on mandatory legal advice and/or an opportunity to exclude the confession. A de novo remedial statutory provision for England is provided as an effective solution to the issue of vulnerability and false confessions.
Costs and Benefits of Diverse Plurality in Economics
Authors: Lari Teemu , Mäki Uskali
Published: June 2024

The literature on pluralism in economics has focused on the benefits expected from the plurality of theories, methods, and frameworks. This overlooks half of the picture: the costs. Neither have the multifarious costs been systematically analyzed in philosophy of science. We begin rectifying this neglect. We discuss how the benefits of plurality and diversity in science presuppose distinct types of plurality and how various benefit and plurality types are associated with different types of costs. Finally, we ponder how the general mechanisms that give rise to the costs of plurality and diversity are aggravated by various disciplinary characteristics of economics.
Awareness and Calibration: The Role of Descriptive Norms and Social Desirability in Accurate IAT Score Predictions of Food Items vs. Social Groups
Authors: Goedderz Alexandra , Hahn Adam
Published: June 2024

Extending research that people are able to predict the patterns of their social group biases on Implicit Association Tests (IATs), we let participants predict and complete IATs toward five different food item pairs and compared the results with the social-groups domain. Participants predicted the patterns of their IAT scores with similar accuracy in both domains, suggesting similar internal awareness (evidenced by comparable within-subjects correlations), even though food evaluations followed less descriptively-normative patterns. At the same time, participants were better-calibrated in communicating their evaluations in the domain of food than social groups (evidenced by higher between-subjects correlations). This discrepancy may partly stem from participants’ tendency to refrain from using harsh labels when predicting social group biases, despite their demonstrated awareness of them: IAT scores predicted as “moderate” or “strong” for food preferences tended to be labeled “mild” for social groups. Discussion centers on the importance of distinguishing between awareness and calibration.
Stopping the Spying: US Labor Unions’ Responses to Electronic Surveillance at Work
Authors: Cross Miranda
Published: June 2024

The use of electronic surveillance by employers has become increasingly common in recent years and can take many forms, including video surveillance, keystroke logging, and GPS tracking. While employers often claim that this surveillance is necessary to protect their property and increase productivity, it can also have negative consequences for workers, including work intensification and loss of a sense of autonomy at work. This paper examines the concerns, responses, and limitations of US labor unions in limiting electronic surveillance and its harms to workers. Expert interviews conducted with seven union leaders in 2023 reveal that US unions are aware of and concerned about electronic surveillance of members. Through political advocacy and collective bargaining, unions have a vital role to play in protecting workers’ privacy rights, though limitations to union's capacity exist due to low union membership density and high workloads.
Cultural and creative quarters: An analysis of their problems from a communication approach
Authors: García Carrizo Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Previous urban and sociological research on cultural and creative quarters has identified gentrification, globalization and lack of citizen participation as key issues hindering the sustainability of these areas. This research analyses these issues from a communication and branding approach in three case studies of cultural and creative quarters in the United Kingdom: Digbeth (Birmingham), St. George’s Quarter (Leicester) and the Ouseburn Valley (Newcastle upon Tyne). In total, 64 participant observations and 24 in-depth interviews were developed. Besides, primary and secondary sources, such as maps, brochures, tourism guides, newspapers and scientific studies about these areas were analysed, thus achieving methodological triangulation. The results obtained were contrasted through Grounded Theory, in a way that data was obtained and iteratively analysed. This study adds new evidence pointing to gentrification and lack of citizen participation as issues that cultural and creative quarters face when being implemented and communicated. Furthermore, a new problem is identified. Namely, the lack of similarity between a quarter’s brand identity (theoretically related to revitalization and renewal) and its brand image (real values associated by their users, linked to insecurity and dirtiness).
The perceptions of nurses and physicians in primary care of rehabilitation for frail older adults
Authors: Törnudd Maria Laitalainen , Peolsson Anneli , Johansson Maria M
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To investigate the perceptions of primary care nurses and physicians of the potential contributions of physiotherapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) in the treatment of frail older persons, as well as the obstacles to, and opportunities for, collaboration.

Design

A qualitative study.

Participants and setting

Nurses (n = 9) and physicians (n = 8) in primary care in the county council [14 women (82%)] with experience working with older people.

Method

Interview study conducted with a semi-structured interview guide. Analyses were carried out with content analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

The analysis resulted in six categories: knowledge of physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions; what triggers the need for physiotherapy and occupational therapy?; the availability of rehabilitation interventions; teamwork opportunities and difficulties; motivating the patient; the site of the rehabilitation.

Conclusions

Close and clear collaboration between nurses and physicians and PTs and OTs is an important factor in ensuring that rehabilitation interventions provide the greatest possible benefit to the patient. Improving communication between different healthcare providers and clarifying the contact routes is a prerequisite for patients to be able to get the rehabilitation they need. More research is needed to determine the best approach to achieving this goal.
Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy in oral cavity cancer: An eight-year experience at a Portuguese reference center
Authors: Barbosa-Martins João , Rolo Ana , Lima Bárbara , Pereira José Carlos , Araújo Cláudia , Guimarães Jorge , Dinis José , Vieira Cláudia
Published: June 2024

Background:

Induction chemotherapy has been described as an option in locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma when the surgical morbidity is expected to be high. This work aimed to evaluate the outcome and safety of induction chemotherapy in this setting.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective and observational study including patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, treated with induction chemotherapy between January 2010 and December 2018. Outcomes included induction chemotherapy toxicity, treatment response, disease-free survival and overall survival.

Results:

A total of 108 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients were included. Ninety-six (88.9%) had stage IV disease, while 12 (11.1%) had stage III. Eighty-four patients (80.8%) achieved at least a partial response to induction chemotherapy at clinical evaluation, and 75 (72.1%) at radiological evaluation. Seventy-eight patients have been proposed for subsequent definitive treatments, with no differences obtained in prognosis, when comparing surgical to non-surgical approaches. In patients treated with definitive treatments, improved five-year disease-free survival was obtained if at least a clinical (56.3%; p=0.001) or radiological (52.9%; p=0.001) partial response was achieved after induction chemotherapy. Similarly, superior five-year overall survival was verified for those achieving at least clinical (51.1%; p<0.0001) or radiological (52.6%; p=0.001) partial response. Also, accomplishing a pathologic complete response (n=22.6%) significantly improved disease-free survival (p=0.039) and overall survival (p=0.005). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were observed in 52 patients (41.8%).

Conclusion:

Responses to induction chemotherapy predicted prognosis in our population, however important toxicities were observed. Further studies are necessary to identify induction chemotherapy response predictors and subgroups who may benefit from this approach.
Continuous casting process based on an optimized submerged entry nozzle
Authors: Mishra Praveen , Singh Vikas
Published: June 2024

Continuous casting process is an important part in the steel manufacturing process. The slab production quality is commonly influenced by mould and flow pattern of submerged entry nozzles (SEN). Hence, the present work aimed to attain a more liquid flow rate to increase the slab production quantity within a certain period. Moreover, a novel African Buffalo Algorithm (ABA) is presented in this work to optimise the SEN parameters and the SEN was designed in the MATLAB environment. The developed ABA model optimises the design parameters of SEN such as the size of the nozzle, the shape of the port, length, submergence depth, etc. The fitness of buffalo effectively optimises the SEN parameters and by utilising the optimised design parameters, the SEN was resigned in the MATLAB to identify the proposed framework's effectiveness. The results demonstrated that the liquid flow rate is increased and surface tension gets minimised. When the flow rate of liquid grows, the wave amplitude also upturns. The effect of liquid and air flow rate, port shape and size, maximum wave amplitude, surface tension, etc., were calculated with 0° parallel port. In addition, the presented SEN's results were compared with other existing SEN to determine the optimised SEN's effectiveness. The comparison result demonstrated that the designed optimised SEN has a high liquid flow rate, casting speed, density and viscosity.
Navigating the infodemic maze: Does information literacy reduce the infodemic?
Authors: Ul Islam Md. Shifat , Islam Md. Anwarul , Widén Gunilla
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to examine how information literacy can aid in infodemic management in the context of university students in a developing country. A printed survey questionnaire was employed to collect data on information literacy and infodemic management from a sample population consisting of university students. A total of 300 responses were collected and analysed, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results brought about a wide set of findings. The study found that students in the Department of Information Science and Library Management at the University of Dhaka exhibited a high level of awareness of information literacy and the COVID-19 infodemic. Despite the prevalence of misinformation and disinformation related to COVID-19, the students did not tend towards unreliable sources of information. The study examined the positive effect of information literacy on infodemic management through a multiple regression analysis. The empirical findings can aid in navigating the spread of misinformation and disinformation in the context of other developing countries.
Staged Periorbital Reconstruction for Cicatricial Lagophthalmos
Authors: Bueno Scott , Neal Timothy , Sanovich Randy
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Eyelid trauma can present reconstructive challenges for facial surgeons. The authors postulated that treating cicatricial lagophthalmos with protective ptosis in the acute setting prior to definitive grafting could help limit scar contraction.

Material and Methods:

This is an observation of a patient who benefited from a staged approach to periorbital reconstruction after suffering extensive facial trauma. Informed consent was appropriately obtained from the patient.

Results:

After treating the periorbital injury in staged fashion, an aesthetically acceptable result was achieved and was well-tolerated by the patient.

Discussion:

Disruption of the periorbital region, particularly the eyelids, can have severe functional and aesthetic consequences. One such disruption is lagophthalmos. Neurotoxin-induced protective ptosis is a well-known strategy that can be used as the initial treatment in a staged approach to cicatricial lagophthalmos.

Conclusion:

Treating lagophthalmos with protective ptosis in the acute setting prior to definitive grafting is not only a means of avoiding tarsorrhaphy but also it can allow time for the wound to declare itself and limit scar contraction. In addition, the contralateral eyelid represents both a complimentary skin graft harvest site as well as an opportunity to create a symmetrical repair.