bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmentation polymorphism in the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: some insights into its maintenance
Authors: Devin S. , Bollache L. , Beisel J.‐N. , Moreteau J.‐C. , Perrot‐Minnot M.‐J.
Published: November 2004

Dikerogammarus villosus, a freshwater invasive amphipod, exhibits conspicuous pigmentation polymorphism. This polymorphism is documented in two recently colonized areas, the Saône and Moselle rivers (north‐eastern France), and some of the mechanisms by which pigmentation polymorphism can arise and be maintained are addressed. Body size, reproductive status, fecundity and mate choice are compared among morphs of D. villosus in field samples collected in summer 2001. Body size and female gonad developmental stage were comparable among the different morphs, suggesting that polymorphism is not the result of changes in pigmentation with age or moult‐cycle. Fecundity and reproductive status (paired vs non‐paired) were not affected by pigmentation morph either. A random combination of morphs in pre‐copula pairs was observed, showing that the colour pattern does not play a major role in mate choice. A strong size‐assortative pairing was found, and this pattern was similar among male morphs. Overall, our study shows that morph polymorphism is not related to different stages in the moult cycle or the life cycle, and is not maintained by morph‐assortative pairing. Alternative explanations to the mate choice hypothesis for the maintenance of pigmentation polymorphism are discussed.
On the influence of land cover on early Holocene climate in northern latitudes
Authors: Rivers Aaron R. , Lynch Amanda H.
Published: November 2004

This study presents a factorial experimental strategy for assessing the effects of the changing land surface on early Holocene (∼11 ka) climate in Beringia. The strategy uses a coupled land‐atmosphere single column model in a series of perturbation experiments that vary the vegetation type, lake cover, and soil specification simultaneously. Two sites and eight years of model forcing are chosen to determine the importance of differing terrestrial histories, local climate, and interannual variability. Eastern Beringia is represented by Fairbanks, Alaska, and western Beringia is represented by Elikchan Lake, Siberia. Evaluations of model response are performed using metrics important for vegetation growth, such as growing degree days and moisture availability. For both sites, large‐scale interannual variability has a greater impact on the local climate than changes in the land surface specification for temperature‐based responses, but not for moisture availability. Of the three land surface parameters tested, vegetation type is most influential. Vegetation transitions from tundra to boreal forest leads to increased precipitation, winter snow depth, and low cloud, leading to a delayed snowmelt in forested regions. This is in contrast to expectations based on albedo arguments alone. In western Beringia, a positive feedback is suggested in warming due to the presence of boreal forest, consistent with some observations that Siberian deciduous forest persisted longer than Alaskan deciduous forest in the context of large‐scale cooling of the climate. The reverse was found to be true in eastern Beringia, where deciduous forests exhibited a cooling effect due to increases in albedo. The response to soil variations was relatively small, but the inclusion of inland lakes tends in general to cool the surface, although in some years a warming is evident due to the surface energy balance shifting in favor of downwelling longwave heating over evaporative cooling.
The impact of ozone lines on AMSU‐B radiances
Authors: John V. O. , Buehler S. A.
Published: November 2004

The impact of ozone lines on Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B (AMSU‐B) radiances was investigated using a line‐by‐line radiative transfer model. The impact is found to be the largest for channel 18 (183.31 ± 1.00 GHz), with a maximum up to about 0.5 K. The channels 17 (150 GHz) and 20 (183.31 ± 7.00 GHz) are also marginally affected by the ozone lines. The magnitude of the impact shows an interesting dependence on the channel 18 brightness temperature which implies that the effect is not just an offset to the brightness temperature.
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase by analogues of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol
Authors: Ghafouri Nazdar , Tiger Gunnar , Razdan Raj K , Mahadevan Anu , Pertwee Roger G , Martin Billy R , Fowler Christopher J
Published: November 2004

The pharmacology of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is not well understood. In consequence, the abilities of a series of analogues of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) to inhibit cytosolic 2‐oleoylglycerol and membrane‐bound anandamide hydolysis by MAGL and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), respectively, have been investigated.

2‐AG and its 1‐regioisomer (1‐AG) interacted with MAGL with similar affinities (IC50 values 13 and 17 μM, respectively). Shorter homologues of 2‐AG (2‐linoleoylglycerol and 2‐oleoylglycerol) had affinities for MAGL similar to 2‐AG. This pattern was also seen when the arachidonoyl side chain of arachidonoyl trifluoromethylketone was replaced by an oleoyl side chain.

Arachidonoyl serinol (IC50 value 73 μM) was a weaker inhibitor of MAGL than 2‐AG. The IC50 values of noladin ether towards MAGL and FAAH were 36 and 3 μM, respectively. Arachidonoyl glycine interacted with FAAH (IC50 value 4.9 μM) but only weakly interacted with MAGL (IC50 value >100 μM).

α‐Methyl‐1‐AG had similar potencies towards MAGL and FAAH (IC50 values of 11 and 33 μM, respectively). O‐2203 (1‐(20‐cyano‐16,16‐dimethyl‐eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoyl) glycerol) and O‐2204 (2‐(20‐hydroxy‐16,16‐dimethyl‐eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoyl) glycerol) were slightly less potent, but again affected both enzymes equally. α‐Methyl‐1‐AG, O‐2203 and O‐2204 interacted only weakly with cannabinoid CB1 receptors expressed in CHO cells (Ki values 1.8, 3.7 and 3.2 μM, respectively, compared with 0.24 μM for 1‐AG) and showed no evidence of central cannabinoid receptor activation in vivo at doses up to 30 mg kg−1 i.v.

It is concluded that compounds like α‐Methyl‐1‐AG, O‐2203 and O‐2204 may be useful as leads for the discovery of selective MAGL inhibitors that lack direct effects upon cannabinoid receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 774–784. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705948
Efficiency considerations in the construction of interpolated potential energy surfaces for the calculation of quantum observables by diffusion Monte Carlo
Authors: Crittenden Deborah L. , Thompson Keiran C. , Chebib Mary , Jordan Meredith J. T.
Published: November 2004

A modified Shepard interpolation scheme is used to construct global potential energy surfaces (PES) in order to calculate quantum observables—vibrationally averaged internal coordinates, fully anharmonic zero-point energies and nuclear radial distribution functions—for a prototypical loosely bound molecular system, the water dimer. The efficiency of PES construction is examined with respect to (a) the method used to sample configurational space, (b) the method used to choose which points to add to the PES data set, and (c) the use of either a one- or two-part weight function. The most efficient method for constructing the PES is found to require a quantum sampling regime, a combination of both h-weight and rms methods for choosing data points and use of the two-part weight function in the interpolation. Using this regime, the quantum diffusion Monte Carlo zero-point energy converges to the exact result within addition of 50 data points. The vibrationally averaged O–O distance and O–O radial distribution function, however, converge more slowly and require addition of over 500 data points. The methods presented here are expected to be applicable to both other loosely bound complexes as well as tightly bound molecular species. When combined with high quality ab initio calculations, these methods should be able to accurately characterize the PES of such species.
Molecular ordering in isonicotinic acid on rutile TiO2(110) investigated with valence band photoemission
Authors: O’Shea James N. , Swarbrick Janine C. , Nilson Katharina , Puglia Carla , Brena Barbara , Luo Yi , Dhanak Vin R.
Published: November 2004

The adsorption of isonicotinic acid on rutile TiO2(110) has been investigated using synchrotron-based valence band photoemission. Structural ordering in multilayer films of the molecules is found to give rise to a strong angular dependence in the valence band intensities when measured using linearly polarized radiation. Molecular ordering in this case is proposed to be induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is found to be highly dependent upon the deposition rate of the isonicotinic acid. Through comparison of the experimental data with density functional calculated valence band spectra of hydrogen-bonded isonicotinic acid molecules, we can account for the angular dependence in terms of the spatial distribution of the molecular orbitals.
Different approaches for the calculation of electronic excited states of nonstoichiometric alkali halide clusters: The example of Na3F
Authors: Durand G. , Heitz M.-C. , Spiegelman F. , Meier C. , Mitrić R. , Bonačić-Koutecký V. , Pittner J.
Published: November 2004

The electronic structure and excited states of the Na3F cluster are investigated using different approximate, but numerically efficient, computational schemes, such as a 2e hybrid quantum/classical pseudopotential model with full-configuration interaction or time-dependent density-functional theory. Various quantities such as geometries and transition energies are compared with results previously obtained by multireference configuration interaction calculations, taken as reference data. The potential energy surfaces of the lowest excited states are investigated and the finite-temperature absorption spectra are calculated. The good agreement with recent beam experiments [J.-M. L’Hermite, V. Blanchet, A. Le Padellec, B. Lamory, and P. Labastie, Eur. Phys. J. D 28, 361 (2004)] leads to the conclusion that the absorption spectrum observed experimentally corresponds to the lowest energy isomer which has a C2v planar rhombic geometry.
Path integral influence functional theory of dynamics of coherence between vibrational states of solute in condensed phase
Authors: Mikami Taiji , Okazaki Susumu
Published: November 2004

Path integral influence functional theory has been applied to the dynamics of coherence between vibrational states of solute in condensed phase. First, time evolution of the off-diagonal term of the reduced density matrix ρmn(t) was algebraically described by the cumulant expansion of the perturbative influence functional. Then, the theory is compared with the Redfield theory, rearranging the present description in a familiar way to that found in the Redfield theory. A numerical example of the theory is presented for the vibrational dynamics of cyanide ion in water assuming a coherent state (1/√)(|0〉+|1〉) at t=0. We find that Re ρ10(t) oscillates with high frequency and shows a fast damping. Relaxation time of the oscillation amplitude is estimated to be 5.1 ps for a certain configuration of the solution. Then, secular approximation often used in the Redfield theory is found to work well, at least, in the present system. Population relaxation time for the first excited state and pure dephasing time may also be calculated from the component of Re ρ10(t) to be 7.9 and 7.5 ps, respectively. Further, the many-particle measurement for Re ρ10(t) gives the relaxation rate about three times faster than the single-measurement above. This comes from the inhomogeneity of the solute environment. We also found the fast oscillation in the diagonal part of the calculated density matrix, Re ρ11(t). This oscillation is generated only when the initial density matrix includes the coherence.
Optical-optical double resonance photoionization spectroscopy of nf Rydberg states of nitric oxide
Authors: Zhao Runchuan , Konen Ian M. , Zare Richard N.
Published: November 2004

The spectra of vibrationally excited nf Rydberg states of nitric oxide were recorded by monitoring the photoion current produced using two-photon double resonance excitation via the NO A 2Σ+ state followed by photoexcitation of the Rydberg state that undergoes autoionization. The optical transition intensities from NO A state to nf Rydberg states were calculated, and the results agree closely with experiment. These results combined with circular dichroism measurements allow us to assign rotational quantum numbers to the nf Rydberg states even in a spectrum of relatively low resolution. We report the positions of these nf (υ,N,Nc) Rydberg levels converging to the NO X 1Σ+ υ+=1 and 2 ionization limits where N is the total angular momentum excluding electron and nuclear spin and Nc represents the rotational quantum number of the ion core. Our two-color optical-optical double resonance measurements cover the range of N from 15 to 28, Nc from 14 to 29, and the principal quantum number n from 9 to 21. The electrostatic interaction between the Rydberg electron and the ion core is used to account for the rotational fine structure and a corresponding model is used to fit the energy levels to obtain the quadrupole moment and polarizability of the NO+ core. Comparison with a multichannel quantum defect theory fit to the same data confirms that the model we use for the electrostatic interaction between the nf Rydberg electron and the ion core of NO well describes the rotational fine structure.
Spatially resolved gas phase composition measurements in supersonic flows using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Paci Paolo , Zvinevich Yury , Tanimura Shinobu , Wyslouzil Barbara E. , Zahniser Mark , Shorter Joanne , Nelson David , McManus Barry
Published: November 2004

We used a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer to follow the condensation of D2O in a supersonic Laval nozzle. We measured both the concentration of the condensible vapor and the spectroscopic temperature as a function of position and compared the results to those inferred from static pressure measurements. Upstream and in the early stages of condensation, the quantitative agreement between the different experimental techniques is good. Far downstream, the spectroscopic results predict a lower gas phase concentration, a higher condensate mass fraction, and a higher temperature than the pressure measurements. The difference between the two measurement techniques is consistent with a slight compression of the boundary layers along the nozzle walls during condensation.
Theoretical determination of parity-violating vibrational frequency differences between the enantiomers of chiral molecules
Authors: Viglione Rosario G.
Published: November 2004

A perturbation treatment has been used to compute the leading first- and second-order parity-violating corrections to the vibrational energy levels of a chiral molecule. Assuming the molecular equilibrium geometry as expansion point of both parity-violating and parity-conserving potential-energy surfaces, it is shown that these corrections, i.e., harmonic and anharmonic contributions, are of the same order of magnitude and that none of them can be neglected for a realistic determination of vibrational frequency differences. Numerical tests based on ab initio MP2 force fields and quantum-relativistic calculations of the parity-violating potential for each normal mode of PHBrF and AsHBrF molecules confirm this conclusion. In particular, it is shown that a normal mode of AsHBrF is characterized by one of the largest vibrational frequency difference ever found—the prediction is ≈0.1 Hz—only one order of magnitude less than the presumed resolution limit of current experimental investigations.
X-ray absorption spectra of water within a plane-wave Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics framework
Authors: Cavalleri Matteo , Odelius Michael , Nilsson Anders , Pettersson Lars G. M.
Published: November 2004

We describe the implementation of a simple technique to simulate core-level spectra within the Car-Parrinello plane-waves molecular dynamics framework. The x-ray absorption (XA) spectra are generated using the transition potential technique with the effect of the core hole included through a specifically developed pseudopotential for the core-excited atom. Despite the lack of 1s core orbitals in the pseudopotential treatment, the required transition moments are accurately calculated without reconstruction of the all-electron orbitals. The method is applied to the oxygen XA spectra of water in its various aggregation states, but it is transferable to any first-row element. The computed spectra are compared favorably with the results from all-electron cluster calculations, as well as with experimental data. The periodicity of the plane-wave technique improves the description of condensed phases. The molecular dynamics simulation enables in principle a proper treatment of thermal effects and dynamical averaging in complex systems.
Vibrational relaxation in the condensed phase
Authors: Bakker H. J.
Published: November 2004

A modified Landau-Teller equation for vibrational relaxation in the condensed phase is proposed. This equation differs from previous approaches by accounting for the fluctuations of the energies of the vibrational levels that result from the interactions with the surroundings (bath). In the conventional approach the effects of the bath are only included in the coupling between the relaxing and accepting vibrational modes. It is shown that the additional inclusion of the fluctuations of the energy levels can lead to a dramatic change of the vibrational relaxation rate.
General relationships between the mobility of a chain fluid and various computed scalar metrics
Authors: Budzien Joanne , McCoy John D. , Adolf Douglas B.
Published: November 2004

We performed molecular dynamics simulations of chain systems to investigate general relationships between the system mobility and computed scalar quantities. Three quantities were found that had a simple one-to-one relationship with mobility: packing fraction, potential energy density, and the value of the static structure factor at the first peak. The chain center-of-mass mobility as a function of these three quantities could be described equally well by either a Vogel-Fulcher type or a power law equation.
Microwave Fourier transform spectrum of the water-carbonyl sulfide complex
Authors: Tatamitani Yoshio , Ogata Teruhiko
Published: November 2004

The microwave spectrum of the water-carbonyl sulfide complex H2O–OCS was observed with a pulsed-beam, Fabry-Perot cavity Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. In addition to the normal isotopic form, we also measured the spectra of H2O–S13CO, H2O–34SCO, H218O–SCO, D2O–SCO, D2O–S13CO, D2O–34SCO, HDO–SCO, HDO–S13CO, and HDO–34SCO. The rotational constants are B=1522.0115(2) MHz and C=1514.3302(2) MHz for H2O–SCO; B=1511.9153(5) MHz and C=1504.3346(5) MHz for H2O–S13CO; B=1522.0215(3) MHz and C=1514.3409(3) MHz for H2O–34SCO; B=1435.9571(3) MHz and C=1429.1296(4) MHz for H218O–SCO, B=1409.6575(5) MHz and C=1397.9555(5) MHz for D2O–SCO; B=1399.8956(3) MHz and C=1388.3543(3) MHz for D2O–S13CO; B=1409.6741(24) MHz and C=1397.9775(24) MHz for D2O–34SCO; (B+C)/2=1457.9101(2) MHz for HDO–SCO; (B+C)/2=1448.0564(4) MHz for HDO–S13CO; and (B+C)/2=1457.9418(15) MHz for HDO–34SCO, with uncertainties corresponding to one standard deviation. The observed rotational constants for the sulfur-34 complexes are generally higher than those for the corresponding sulfur-32 isotopomers. The heavier isotopomers have smaller effective moments of inertia due to the smaller vibrational amplitude of the S–C34 vibration (zero point) as compared to the S–C32, making the effective O–34S bond slightly shorter. Stark effect measurements for H2O–SCO give a dipole moment of 8.875(9)×10−30 C m [2.6679(28) D]. The most probable structure of H2O–SCO is near C2v planar with the oxygen of water bonded to the sulfur of carbonyl sulfide. The oxygen-sulfur van der Waals bond length is determined to be 3.138(17) Å, which is very close to the ab initio value of 3.144 Å. The structures of the isoelectronic complexes H2O–SCO, H2O–CS2, H2O–CO2, and H2O–N2O are compared. The first two are linear and the others are T shaped with an O–C/O–N van der Waals bond, i.e., the oxygen of water bonds to the carbon and nitrogen of CO2 and N2O, respectively.
Nonperturbative modeling of two-photon absorption in a three-state system
Authors: Lucht Robert P. , Roy Sukesh , Gord James R.
Published: November 2004

The physics of the two-photon absorption process is investigated for a three-state system. The density-matrix equations for the two-photon interaction are solved in the steady-state limit assuming that the pump laser radiation is monochromatic. Collisional broadening, saturation, and Stark shifting of the two-photon resonance are investigated in detail by numerical solution of the steady-state density-matrix equations. Analytical expressions for the saturation intensity and the Stark shift are derived for the case where the single-photon transitions between the intermediate state and the initial and final states are far from resonance with the pump laser. For this case, it is found that the direction of the Stark shift is dependent on the relative magnitudes of the dipole-moment matrix elements for the single-photon transitions that couple the intermediate state with the initial and final states. Saturation and Stark shifting are also investigated for the case where the single-photon transitions between the intermediate state and the initial and final states are close to resonance with the pump laser.
Out-of-equilibrium dynamical fluctuations in glassy systems
Authors: Chamon C. , Charbonneau P. , Cugliandolo L. F. , Reichman D. R. , Sellitto M.
Published: November 2004

In this paper we extend the earlier treatment of out-of-equilibrium mesoscopic fluctuations in glassy systems in several significant ways. First, via extensive simulations, we demonstrate that models of glassy behavior without quenched disorder display scalings of the probability of local two-time correlators that are qualitatively similar to that of models with short-ranged quenched interactions. The key ingredient for such scaling properties is shown to be the development of a criticallike dynamical correlation length, and not other microscopic details. This robust data collapse may be described in terms of a time-evolving “extreme value” distribution. We develop a theory to describe both the form and evolution of these distributions based on a effective σ model approach.
Discrimination in isotropic, nematic, and smectic phases of chiral calamitic molecules: A computer simulation study
Authors: Huh Y. , Cann N. M.
Published: November 2004

Racemic fluids of chiral calamitic molecules are investigated with molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, the phase behavior as a function of density is examined for eight racemates. The relationship between chiral discrimination and orientational order in the phase is explored. We find that the transition from the isotropic phase to a liquid crystal phase is accompanied by an increase in chiral discrimination, as measured by differences in radial distributions. Among ordered phases, discrimination is largest for smectic phases with a significant preference for heterochiral contact within the layers.
Density functional study of the adsorption of propene on silver clusters, Agmq (m=1–5; q=0, +1)
Authors: Chrétien Steeve , Gordon Mark S. , Metiu Horia
Published: November 2004

Density functional theory has been used to investigate the binding of propene to small Ag clusters in the gas phase. The binding mechanism based on frontier orbital theory, which we used previously to describe the binding between propene and the Au clusters, works for the pure Ag clusters as well. Among other things, it explains the trends of the desorption energy of propene as a function of the Ag cluster size. We show that one can predict the binding site of propene by examining the shape of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the bare clusters and correlate the strength of the bond to the orbital energies of the LUMOs of the bare cluster.
Magnitude and orientation dependence of intermolecular interaction of perfluoropropane dimer studied by high-level ab initio calculations: Comparison with propane dimer
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Mikami Masuhiro , Urata Shingo
Published: November 2004

Intermolecular interaction energies of 12 orientations of C3F8 dimers were calculated with electron correlation correction by the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation method. The antiparallel C2h dimer has the largest interaction energy (−1.45 kcal/mol). Electron correlation correction increases the attraction considerably. Electrostatic energy is not large. Dispersion is mainly responsible for the attraction. Orientation dependence of the interaction energy of the C3F8 dimer is substantially smaller than that of the C3H8 dimer. The calculated interaction energy of the C3F8 dimer at the potential minimum is 78% of that of the C3H8 dimer (−1.85 kcal/mol), whereas the interaction energies of the CF4 and C2F6 dimers are larger than those of the CH4 and C2H6 dimers. The intermolecular separation in the C3F8 dimer at the potential minimum is substantially larger than that in the C3H8 dimer. The larger intermolecular separation due to the steric repulsion between fluorine atoms is the cause of the smaller interaction energy of the C3F8 dimer at the potential minimum. The calculated intermolecular interaction energy potentials of the C3F8 dimers using an all atom model OPLS-AA (OPLS all atom model) force field and a united atom model force field were compared with the ab initio calculations. Although the two force fields well reproduces the experimental vapor and liquid properties of perfluoroalkenes, the comparison shows that the united atom model underestimates the potential depth and orientation dependence of the interaction energy. The potentials obtained by the OPLS-AA force field are close to those obtained by the ab initio calculations.
Structures of care in theIliad
Authors: Lynn-George M.
Published: November 2004

When Andromache emerges from the inner chamber in Book 22, ascends the walls of Troy and looks out over the plain, she beholds a spectacle of ruthless brutality. She who has not been aware of the final combat, nor of the slaying of her husband, is suddenly confronted by the receding trail of utter defeat. Swift horses drag her husband's corpse into the distance, the cherished head disfigured as it is dragged, raking the dust of what was once their homeland. The violence of the scene is forcefully conveyed by one word in particular. The swift horses drag Hektor ⋯κηδ⋯στως (22.465)—without κ⋯δος without care, ‘sans soucier de, brutalement’. In itself the word ⋯κηδ⋯στως provides a definition of violence, one captured in Shakespeare's phrase ‘careless force’. Violence is, in its harsh brutality, specifically heedlessness, an absence of any form of care. When Achilles hurls the slain suppliant Lykaon into the river he utters the taunt, ‘the fish, ⋯κηδ⋯ες, will lick clean your wound's blood’ (21.122–3). The discarded corpse is denied funeral rites: in place of the care that the relations of the dead traditionally bestow in tending, washing, enshrouding, lamenting, and burying the dead, here the heedless creatures of nature, fleeting visitors, will attend to the corpse, ‘clean’ it, but utterly without care, completely oblivious to the oblivion they create by destroying. In Book 24 Achilles will describe the gods themselves as ⋯κηδ⋯ες (526).
The Lex Irnitana, ch. 84, the promise of vadimonium and the jurisdiction of proconsuls
Authors: Burton G. P.
Published: November 2004

In an important recent article, A. Rodger expounded a cogent analysis of ch. 84 of the Lex Irnitana and especially of the logic of its account of the limits of the jurisdiction of the duumviri (lines 1–25). He sums up (p. 150) his analysis of the jurisdiction of the duumviri as follows: ‘the picture which emerges is coherent, as we should expect. The duumvir has jurisdiction in cases up to 1,000 sesterces. In such cases the plaintiff may insist on his case being heard locally unless it falls into one of the exempted categories. In that event, unless both parties agree, the duumvir will have jurisdiction only for vadimonium to be made to the governor who will in turn deal with vadimonium for a hearing before the praetor in Rome. If on the other hand both parties concur, the duumvir will have jurisdiction in exempted actions of up to 1,000 sesterces, the only exception being cases where an issue of free status arises. If such an issue does arise, the jurisdiction of the duumvir is restricted to dealing with vadimonium to the governor. In cases over 1,000 sesterces the duumvir has no jurisdiction unless both parties agree. If the parties do not agree, again the duumvir has jurisdiction only for vadimonium to the governor. If, however, the parties do agree, the duumvir has jurisdiction in all matters except again where an issue of free status arises. If that issue arises, he has jurisdiction only for the vadimonium to the governor.’
The moving posset once again: heraclitus fr. B 125 in context
Authors: Mouravie Sergen N.
Published: November 2004

This article has been prompted by two recent interesting papers on the reading off Heraclitus' fragment B 125 as quoted by Theophrastus,De uertig. 9. Here are, with; full apparatus (such as they will appear in the Theophrastean chapter of myTraditio Heraclitea) the three main texts I shall be dealing with.
Dio of Prusa and the Flavian Dynasty
Authors: Sidebottom Harry
Published: November 2004

After his return from exile in A.D. 96 Dio of Prusa claims that even before it he had known the homes and tables of rich men, not only private individuals but satraps and kings (i.e. governors and emperors, Or. 7.66). Following the lead of Philostratus (V.A. 5.27–38) modern scholars have seen Dio as a confidant of the Flavian dynasty: amicus to Vespasian, possibly a special envoy of Vespasian to the Grek east, amicus to Titus, and friend and adviser to a minor member of the house T. Flavius Sabinus. These views are important not only for the biography of Dio, but also for the general question of relations between powerful Romans, above all emperors, and Greek philosophers and other intellectuals.
An emendation in Porphyry's commentary on Ptolemy's Harmonics
Authors: Olson S. Douglas , Sluiter Ineke
Published: November 2004

So far am I from rejecting the use of what has been well stated by others, that I would wish that everyone said the same things about the same things and, as Socrates puts it, in the same words, and then there would be no undisputed quarrelling among men about the matters at hand.
Ovid, Met. 6.640: a dialogue between mother and son
Authors: Curley Daniel
Published: November 2004

In telling the story of Tereus, Procne, and Philomela (Met. 6.401–674), Ovid transformed tragedy—the Tereus of Sophocles1—into epic. The result was a narrative that followed the tragic plot but with a very different presentation. For example, Ovid incorporated into his episode events from the play's prologue, such as the marriage of Procne and Tereus (426ff.), the birth of Itys (433ff), and the voyage of Tereus to Athens (444ff.). In addition, he brought offstage action into the limelight, including the violation of Philomela (549ff.), the slaughter of Itys (636ff.), and the metamorphoses of Tereus and the sisters (667ff). Finally, he explicated innermost thoughts, like the lust of Tereus (455ff.) and the rage of Procne (581ff.)— emotions whose external manifestations would have been clear in performance, but whose effects the reader perceives from the inside out. So sequential and immediate a treatment owes much to the shift from one genre to the other.
Two notes on Tacitus, Annals
Authors: Shaw-smith R.
Published: November 2004

Ann. 11.11: nam is quoque (Domitian) edidit ludos saecularis iisque intentius adfui sacerdotio quindecimvirali praeditus ac tune praetor; quod non iactantia refero sed quia collegio quindecimvirum antiquitus ea cura et magistratus potissimum exequebantur officia caerimoniarum.
Notes on fragments of Euripides
Authors: Diggle James
Published: November 2004

This is Snell's text:
How the dithyramb got its shape
Authors: D'angour Armand
Published: November 2004

Pindar's Dithyramb2opens with a reference to the historical development of the genre it exemplifies, the celebrated circular chorus of classical Greece. The first two lines were long known from various citations, notably in Athenaeus, whose sources included the fourth-century authors Heraclides of Pontus and Aristotle's pupil Clearchus of Soli. The third line appears, only partly legible, on a papyrus fragment published in 1919, which preserves some thirty lines of the dithyramb including most of the first antistrophe (thereby guaranteeing the metre for some reconstruction of the first strophe).
Posidonius and theTimaeus: off to Rhodes and back to Plato?
Authors: Reydams-Schils Gretchen
Published: November 2004

We know enough about Posidonius' life to trace his wanderings: he was born into a wealthy and influential family in Apamea, Syria; he went through all the steps of an Hellenistic education; in Athens he encountered his Stoic teacher Panaetius; and finally he settled—except for some travelling throughout the Mediterranean and to Rome—in the high society of Rhodes, where he actively participated in political life and headed a Stoic school.
The scansion of pharsalia (Catullus 64.37; Statius, Achilleid 1.152; Calpurnius Siculus 4.101)
Authors: Heslin P. J.
Published: November 2004

In reviewing Ellis' OCT of Catullus, Housman scorned the ‘diction and metre’ of Carm. 64.37, ‘Pharsaliam coeunt, Pharsalia tecta frequentant’. Yet several subsequent editors have agreed with Ellis and have also refrained from emending Pharsaliam. Even if there has not been enough discomfort with the MS reading to put some editors off retaining it, they might yet welcome a piece of positive evidence to support this decision. I will make the case that a passage in Statius' Achilleid may indicate that the later poet was familiar with the line as the MSS have it.
The Homeric poems as oral dictated texts
Authors: Janko Richard
Published: November 2004

The more I understand the Southslavic poetry and the nature of the unity of the oral poem, the clearer it seems to me that theIliadand theOdysseyare very exactly, as we have them, each one of them the rounded and finished work of a single singer…. I even figure to myself, just now, the moment when the author of theOdysseysat and dictated his song, while another, with writing materials, wrote it down verse by verse, even in the way that our singers sit in the immobility of their thought, watching the motion of Nikola's hand across the empty page, when it will tell them it is the instant for them to speak the next verse.
Salpe'sΠAIΓNIA: Athenaeus 322A And Plin.H. N.28.38
Authors: Bain David
Published: November 2004

Pauly'sReal-Encyclopädieknows of two women named after the attractive looking,but allegedly unappetising fish,c⋯λπη. The first is mentioned several times in theelder Pliny, who on one occasion refers to her as anobstetrix, while the second features in theDeipnosophistaeof Athenaeus as a writer of πα⋯γνια. In a recent issue of this journal J. N. Davidson has made the suggestion that they were one and the same person. Salpe's πα⋯γνια, Davidson argues, would not have consisted of light or frivolous verse, but of a compilation of prose recipes of a kind that is to be found in a section of a London magical papyrus which is headed πα⋯γνια Δημοκρ⋯του. Such recipes might well have cohabited with the kind of practicalmedical advice reportedly given by the Salpe referred to in Pliny. His case is superficially attractive since, as will be seen, such a collocation of practical help and frivolity is easy to parallel in magical and other subliterary texts. It needs to be scrutinized, however, in the light of a fuller presentation and consideration of the evidence than is to be found in his note. First, it is worth describing at greater length the phenomena in question, which are much more common than one would gather from a reading of Davidson and which are, I suspect, not as yet as familiar to the scholarly world as they should be.
The hoopoe's nest: Aristophanes,Birds265–6
Authors: Craik E. M.
Published: November 2004

The appearance of Nan Dunbar's important commentary onBirdsis to be welcomed. Inevitably, however, such a volume requiresaddenda et corrigenda; and already the author must be collecting material for a second edition. Here is somepabulum. On the passage cited, Dunbar comments, ‘The difficulties of this sentence stem from uncertainty over (a) the form and sense of the main verb … and (b) the point of χαραδρι⋯ν μιμο⋯μενος and its connection with what precedes …’
Hebdomades(binae?)
Authors: Geiger Joseph
Published: November 2004

Varro'sHebdomades vel de imaginibuscontained 700 pictures of illustres accompanied by short descriptions in verse and prose, all arranged by the number seven: Gellius provides a detailed excerpt from the first book on the significance of this number. Speculation on the arrangement and content of the fifteen books abounds. On the other hand explicit attestation of personages included in Varro's list is relatively scarce: the discussions in the passage of Gellius on the ages of Homer and Hesiod, and of the former's birthplace in the epigram attached to his portrait certify the rather obvious choice of the two oldest Greek poets, presumably part of a canon of seven.
Philoponus, Diodorus, and Possibility
Authors: Denyer Nicholas
Published: November 2004

The definition here ascribed to Philo is entirely in line with what we know of Philo from else where: Alex. Aphr. in APr. 184.6–10; Simp, in Cat. 195.33–196.5; Boethius, in de Int. 234.10–15. The same is not true of the definition here ascribed to Diodorus. For Diodorus, we are told elsewhere, defined the possible as that which either is or will be so: Cic. Fat. 13, 17; Plu. de Stoic rep. 1055d-e; Alex. Aphr. in APr. 183.42–184.5; Boethius, in de Int. 234.22–4,412.16–7. Something has therefore got garbled.
Dramatic structure and cultural context in Plato'sLaches
Authors: Emlyn-Jones C.
Published: November 2004

The characters in Plato's Socratic Dialogues and the sociocultural beliefs and assumptions they present have a historical dramatic setting which ranges over the last quarter of the fifth centuryb.c.—the period of activity of the historical Socrates. That this context is to an extent fictional is undeniable; yet this leaves open the question what the dramatic interplay of (mostly) dead politicians, sophists, and other Socratic associates—not forgetting Socrates himself—signifies for the overall meaning and purpose of individual Dialogues. Are we to assume, with a recent study, that Plato is entirely concerned with his contemporary world and is, as it were, borrowing his characters from the fifth century, or does the fiction reveal something of his real involvement in the values and debates of the recent past? The aim of this paper is to argue that a detailed study of the characterization and dramatic structure of one particular Dialogue,Laches, strongly suggests that Plato is using a perceived tension between past and present to generate not only a philosophical argument but also a commentary on the cultural and political world of late fifth-century Athens and in particular Socrates’ position within it.
Textual notes on Plato'sSophist
Authors: Robinson David B.
Published: November 2004

In editing Plato'sSophistfor the newOCTvol. I, ed. E. A. Duke, W. F. Hicken, W. S. M. Nicoll, D. B. Robinson, and J. C. G. Strachan (Oxford, 1995), there was less chance of giving novel information about W = Vind. Supp. Gr. 7 for this dialogue than for others in the volume, since Apelt's edition of 1897 was used by Burnet in 1900 and was based on Apelt's own collation of W. The result was better than the somewhat confused information printed by Burnet, even in his 1905 reprint, for W for the other dialogues in vol. I. (This seems perhaps to have arisen from some misinterpretation by Burnet of Kral's method of reporting W.) But in theSophistas elsewhere in vol. I collations largely due to Dr W. S. M. Nicoll added new facts about all of BDTWP and their correctors, and the search for testimonia largely carried out by Dr E. A. Duke added new facts in that area. A reviewer counts 66 changes in our text of theSophist, which may perhaps be a slight over-estimate. Classification of changes as substantive or as falling into different groups is sometimes difficult, but I think plausible figures are as follows. We (myself aided in the earlier sections by Nicoll) have in 25 places made a different choice of readings from the primary mss. and testimonia. We have printed conjectures where Burnet kept a ms. reading in 17 places, but conversely we have reverted to a ms. reading where Burnet had a conjecture in 8 places. We have printed alternative conjectures to conjectures adopted by Burnet in 6 places. So we have actually departed from the primary sources on at most 9 more occasions overall than Burnet. What must be noted is that Burnet had already printed conjectures (including readings from secondary mss.) on something like 87 occasions (12 from secondary mss., 75 from modern conjectures from Stephanus onwards), so our percentage addition to Burnet's departures from the primary sources is modest. Moreover Burnet printed about 25 readings from testimonia; we have followed him in 20 or so of these cases, and this in turn implies that the primary mss. are in error at these further 20 places. It needs to be underlined that though Burnet undoubtedly deserved to be regarded as a safe and cautious editor, nevertheless he departed from the primary mss. on average about twice per Stephanus page in this dialogue. Sometimes, of course, testimonia showed him right to do this, but testimonia cover only a quite small part of this dialogue. Otherwise Burnet accepted almost 90 conjectures. For thePoliticusthe figures are fairly similar; Burnet accepted 22 Byzantine conjectures and 35–40 more modern ones. The new OCT there adds 15 or so more (not all new) conjectures. (On thePoliticusin the new OCT see Robinson [1995].)
The speeches in Arrian's Indica and Anabasis
Authors: Hammond N. G. L.
Published: November 2004

The evaluation of speeches in ancient histories by modern scholars is very varied. Tarn (p. 286) opened his discussion of ‘The speeches in Arrian’ with the following words:

Speaking generally, one expects a speech in any ancient historian to be a fabrication, either composed by the historian himself or by a predecessor, or else some exercise from one of the schools or rhetoric which he had adopted.

On the other hand, according to Fornara (p. 143), ‘the fact does not seem to have been sufficiently appreciated that the ancients unfailingly endorsed the convention that speeches must be reported accurately’. When Fornara made a generalization, he wrote as follows:

The ancients had unanimously adopted the Thucydidean principle of honest reporting of the things that were said as well as the things that were done.
The tragic aorist
Authors: Lloyd Michael
Published: November 2004

The tragic or ‘instantaneous’ aorist usually has a paragraph to itself in the grammar books, as a distinct but not especially important use of the aorist. It is most common in Athenian drama of the second half of the fifth century, although there are possible examples in Homer and some learned revivals later. The present article offers an entirely new account of these aorists, and entails a new interpretation of the tone of some 75 lines of tragedy and comedy.
Laches at Acanthus: Aristophanes,Wasps968–9
Authors: Braund David
Published: November 2004

The purpose of this short note is to explain a joke in Aristophanes,Wasps. If the explanation is accepted, our knowledge of Athenian political and military history in the later 420s is enhanced.
Tacitus, Dialogus 13.4
Authors: Winterbottom Michael
Published: November 2004

At Dialogus 13.4, Tacitus makes Maternus decry the good fortune of the orators Vibius Crispus and Eprius Marcellus: ‘Nam Crispus iste et Marcellus, ad quorum exempla me uocas, quid habent in hac sua fortuna concupiscendum? Quod timent, an quod timentur? Quod, cum cotidie aliquid rogentur, ii quibus praestant indignantur? Quod alligati cum adulatione nec imperantibus umquam satis serui uidentur nec nobis satis liberi? Quae haec summa eorum potentia est? Tantum posse liberti solent’
Literate education in classical Athens
Authors: Morgan T. J.
Published: November 2004

In the study of education, as in many more travelled regions of Classical scholarship, democratic Athens is something of a special case. The cautions formulation is appropriate: in the case of education, surprisingly few studies have sought to establish quite how special Athens was, and those which have, have often raised more questions than they answered. The subject itself is partly to blame. The history of education invites comparison with the present day, while those planning the future of education rarely fail to invoke the past. The place of Classical Athens in European culture has ensured a place for Athenian education in almost every debate from the relation between education and democracy to the value of educationversustraining, and as the original champion of causes as varied as mass education, co-education, and the national curriculum. Desirable as it is to be in demand, such treatment is not calculated to produce the most circumspect account of the subject. The study of education is further hampered by the fact that our knowledge of Athenian culture is so vibrant and diverse in some ways and so partial in others. Plato and Aristophanes present a vivid fictional picture of education in the late fifth century. If we add a few passages from Xenophon and Aristotle, a large number of vases depicting men, women, and children reading, playing the lyre, and doing athletics, and one or two archaeological finds of an educational appearance, it is tempting to take the result as a clear portrait of a society at school.
Comic priamel and hyperbole in Euripides, Cyclops 1–10
Authors: Davies M.
Published: November 2004

Our only fully extant satyr play begins (Silenus προλογίζει) with the following address to Dionysus and his statue:
Ausonius’ Fasti and Caesares revisited
Authors: Green R. P. H.
Published: November 2004

This paper reconsiders certain questions about Ausonius’ two incomplete works on historical themes, Fasti and Caesares, with particular attention to points raised in a recent article by R. W. Burgess. Of the Fasti we have only a few tantalizing snippets, the packaging and not the core: what did the work look like when it left Ausonius? What was its coverage? was it in verse or prose? The Caesares as we have it breaks off in mid-quatrain, at line 139: did it go beyond Elagabalus? What of the evidence in Giovanni Mansionario that Ausonius treated certain imperatores from Decius to Diocletian?
The year of Livia's birth
Authors: Barrett Anthony A.
Published: November 2004

The year of Livia's birth is nowhere explicitly recorded in any ancient sources, and can be determined only by calculating back from the date given in the sources for the year of her death. Both Tacitus and Dio place that death securely in A.D. 29. Tacitus limits himself to the observation that by then she had lived into extreme old age, aetate extrema, but Dio adds the more precise and useful information that at the time of her death she had lived for eighty-six years: ef ἒξ καì ὀγδο⋯κουτα ἒτη ζ⋯σασα Less usefully, Pliny the Elder states that Livia herself attributed her eighty-two years to her consumption of Pucine wine, which she drank exclusively (although in a different section Pliny adds his own observations on the beneficial effect of her daily dose of elecampane). Whatever the merits of Pliny's health tips, his chronological information is of little service in determining when she was born.