bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2074: Improving Hypertension Control By Molecular Stratification Of First-Line Non-Responders Using RAAS Triple-A Testing
Authors: Poglitsch Marko , Burrello Jacopo , Ahmed Ashraf H , Guo Zeng , Stoller Andrea , Burkard Thilo , Domenig Oliver , Haschke Manuel , Stowasser Michael , Mulatero Paolo
Published: September 2019

According to new European guidelines, first-line anti-hypertensive therapies include either an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in a single pill combination with a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or a diuretic. Insufficient therapeutic effects could be caused by various factors ranging from compliance issues, patient specific PK/PD profiles, or secondary forms of hypertension resulting in blood pressure control rates in the range of 50% of patients on therapy. RAAS Triple-A testing is based on a high-throughput mass-spectrometry assay for quantification of Angiotensin I (Ang I), Angiotenisn II (Ang II) and Aldosterone in standard serum or plasma samples by RAAS equilibrium analysis. Obtained hormone levels are used to calculate markers for plasma-renin-activity (PRA-S), plasma angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity (ACE-S) and adrenal function (AA2-Ratio). The diagnostic performance of the AA2-Ratio in screening for primary aldosteronism (PA) has been compared to the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) as putative gold standard in resistant hypertensive patients, revealing major advantages of the AA2-Ratio especially in terms of usability and drug interference. A diagnostic scheme for the stratification of first-line non-responding hypertensive patients has been developed to improve the control rates for hypertension and to provide an easy-to-handle diagnostic tool for physicians involved in first-line treatment of hypertension. RAAS Triple-A analysis for the first time provides insights into a patient’s RAAS at the level of effector hormones, molecular regulation and patient specific pharmacologic responses to anti-hypertensive therapies and has the potential to result in significant changes in hypertension care in clinical practice by introducing personalized treatments based on an easy and effective diagnostic tool.
Abstract P3010: Longitudinal Associations of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease With the Progressions of Arterial Stiffness and Pressure Wave Reflection, and Their Independencies in Healthy Men
Authors: Fujii Masatsune , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Chikamori Taishiro , Yamashina Akira
Published: September 2019

Background:
Arterial stiffness and abnormal pressure wave reflection have been demonstrated as independent risks for future cardiovascular outcomes. While cross-sectional studies have been reported that some of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with arterial stiffness and also with pressure wave reflection, further studies are needed to clarify whether these risk factors affect the progression of arterial stiffness and that of abnormal pressure wave reflection.

Aims:
The present prospective observational study was conducted to examine the longitudinal associations of risk factors for CVD with the progression of arterial stiffness and abnormal pressure wave reflection, and the differences among the those associations.

Methods and Results:
In 4016 middle-aged (43±9 years) Japanese men without CVD at the study baseline, risk factors for CVD, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and radial augmentation index (rAI) were measured annually during a 9-year study period. Mix model linear regression analyses demonstrated that age and mean blood pressure had significant independent longitudinal associations with both baPWV and rAI. Heart rate had a significant positive association with baPWV and had an inverse association with rAI. However, glyco-hemoglobrin A1c (estimate = 25.21, standard error = 5.89,
P
<0.01) and triglycerides (estimate = 0.19, standard error = 0.05,
P
<0.01) had a longitudinal association only with baPWV.

Conclusion:
Various risk factors for CVD may differently affect the progression of arterial stiffness and also abnormal pressure wave reflection. Hypertension may affect both progressions individually apart from their interactions, and therefore, hypertension may affect both macro- and micro- circulations. On the other hand, abnormal glucose metabolisms and dyslipidemia may affect arterial stiffness rather than pressure wave reflection, which means these abnormal metabolisms may affect only macro-circulation. Thus, these heterogeneities of associations of risk factors for cardiovascular disease with arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflection may be needed to be taken into account for the management of their abnormalities.
Abstract P3020: Therapeutic Induction of Renal Lymphatic Expansion Attenuates Blood Pressure in Mice With L-NAME Hypertension
Authors: Balasubbramanian Dakshnapriya , Luera Emily M , Goodlett Bethany L , Baranwal Gaurav , Rutkowski Joseph M , Mitchell Brett M
Published: September 2019

Renal immune cell infiltration and accompanying inflammation activates renal sodium transporters leading to sodium retention and hypertension. Lymphatic vessels traffic interstitial immune cells to the draining lymph nodes and help resolve inflammation. We have previously demonstrated that genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis prevents hypertension associated with a reduction in renal immune cell accumulation; however, it is unknown whether augmenting renal lymphatics can treat hypertension. Our hypothesis was that augmenting renal lymphatics after hypertension is established will lower blood pressure during L-NAME-induced hypertension (LHTN). Transgenic mice that overexpress the lymphangiogenic signal VEGF-D only in the kidney upon doxycycline administration (KidVD+ mice) and KidVD- littermates were administered L-NAME (0.5 mg/mL) in their drinking water for four weeks with doxycycline initiated at the second week of L-NAME. Treatment with L-NAME for one week induced LHTN in both KidVD- and KidVD+ mice (SBP: 134±4 and 142±5 mmHg, respectively). However, doxycycline-induced renal lymphangiogenesis significantly decreased blood pressure in KidVD+ mice compared to KidVD- mice after four weeks of L-NAME (SBP: 127±5 vs. 151±6 mmHg; p<0.05). This was associated with a significant decrease in renal CD11c
+
F4/80
-
monocytes and a significant increase in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and fractional excretion of sodium in KidVD+ mice. Urinary volume over 24 hours was also increased in KidVD+ mice (1.7±0.8 vs. 3±0.9 mL/24 hours; p<0.05); however, this was not associated with a change in glomerular filtration rate. Thus, augmenting renal lymphatics lowers blood pressure in mice with LHTN and this is associated with a decrease in renal monocyte accumulation and an increase in urinary sodium excretion. Augmenting renal lymphatics may be a promising anti-hypertensive and natriuretic therapeutic strategy.
Abstract P3025: Secretion Of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines By Activated T Cells Cultured In Pvat-conditioned Media From Dahl S Rats On A High Fat Diet Occurs Early During Development Of Hypertension
Authors: Jin Yining , Liu Sheng , Guzman Kimberly E , Kumar Ramya K , Garver Hannah , Watts Stephanie W , Fink Greg D , Rockwell Cheryl E
Published: September 2019

There is considerable evidence for a role for the immune system in the development of hypertension, however the exact nature of this role is currently being characterized. Specifically, T cells have been identified as one of the immune cell types that contributes to hypertension. Our previous studies demonstrated that mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue (mPVAT) harbors a large T cell population. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that soluble mediators in mPVAT influence T cell function during hypertension. Toward this end, we utilized a unique model of hypertension in which Dahl S rats on a high fat/high calorie diet develop hypertension by 17 weeks of age, whereas Dahl S rats on normal rodent chow do not. We found that conditioned media from mPVAT from Dahl S rats on a high fat diet markedly increased activated T cell production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, GM-CSF, IFNγ and IL-17a as compared to cytokine production by T cells cultured in mPVAT-conditioned media from rats on normal control chow (Table 1). These cytokines would be expected to cause pleiotropic inflammatory effects, including increasing the numbers and activation of macrophages and neutrophils, among other effects. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was not different between the groups, suggesting the effect is selective for inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these data strongly suggest soluble mediators from PVAT influence T cell inflammatory status early during the development of hypertension triggered by high fat diet. Overall, the data provide evidence for a role for T cells in high fat diet-associated hypertension. (This study was supported by NIH grant P01 HL070687)
Abstract P3039: Altered Maternal and Fetal Vasopressin Receptors in Response to Hypertensive Stress in Pregnancy
Authors: Santillan Donna A , Davis Lauren A , Devor Eric J , Sharp Lydia E , Hamilton Wendy S , Brandt Debra S , Thomas Kellie M , Santillan Mark K , Scroggins Sabrina M
Published: September 2019

Children born to women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have an elevated risk of developing hypertensive disorders later in life. The mechanisms for this fetal programming are unclear. Because vasopressin (AVP) is a hormone that functions to regulate blood pressure and volume homeostasis, we hypothesized that differences in expression of vasopressin receptors (AVPRs) and related genes are also altered in children born from preeclampsia-affected pregnancies. We measured the expression of receptors AVPR1a, AVPR1b, AVPR2, OXTR, and CUL5 as well as LNPEP, the major aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP. Expression in umbilical cord blood cells and maternal peripheral blood cells from women with 1) no hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (control subjects) (N=20) 2) pregnant women with chronic hypertension (N=20) and 3) women with preeclampsia (N=10) in the index pregnancy were compared. Coded cell samples and associated clinical data were obtained from the University of Iowa Maternal Fetal Tissue Bank (IRB# 200910784). RNA was purified from the cells and used for real-time quantitative PCR to assess variation in receptor expression in children born to women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy relative to control subjects. In children born to women with chronic hypertension, AVPR2 (-8.2 Fold Change, P<0.001), LNPEP (-13 Fold Change, P<0.001), CUL5 (-14 Fold Change, P<0.001), AVPR1b (-3.1 Fold Change, P=0.001), and OXTR (-4.3 Fold Change) were all significantly under-expressed when compared to normotensive controls. Samples from children born to women with preeclampsia had significantly lower expression of AVPR1a (-4.7 Fold Change, P<0.001), AVPR1b (-2.5 Fold Change, P=0.045), AVPR2 (-2.5 Fold Change, P=0.001), and OXTR (-2.8 Fold Change, P<0.001) when compared to non-preeclamptic samples. Differences in expression were also mirrored early in pregnancy in maternal blood in women with chronic hypertension. For example, CUL5 and LNPEP were decreased in the first trimester (-3.01 Fold Change, P=0.004 and -3.64 Fold Change P=0.007, respectively). The differences in gene expression in cord blood may be related to the future risk of hypertension later in life for children born to women with hypertensive diseases in pregnancy.
Abstract P3061: Elective Electroencephalography Monitoring During Tilt Table Testing in the Diagnosis of Syncope and Non-Syncopal Fainting
Authors: Muldowney James AS , Sharma Purnima , Okamoto Luis E. , Sonmezturk Hasan H. , Peltier Amanda , Shibao Cyndya A. , Biaggioni Italo
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Non-syncopal fainting (psychogenic pseudo-syncope) is a diagnostic challenge, leading to unnecessary diagnostic procedures and inappropriate treatments. We explored the utility of elective electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring during head-up tilt table test (TTT) for diagnosis of NSF.

Methods:
We reviewed medical records of 131 patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) in whom TTT and EEG were done simultaneously for suspected NSF (>20 lifetime syncopal episodes, >2 episodes in a day, prolonged LOC, and atypical movements. Tilt responses were grouped into three categories: non-diagnostic (nDg, no TLOC during TTT), vasovagal syncope (VVS, TLOC with a slow wave pattern on EEG), and non-syncopal fainting (NSF, apparent TLOC with normal EEG).

Results:
107 patients were included in the analysis; 57 were nDg (53%), 11 had VVS (10%), and 39 had documented NSF (37%). There was no difference in age (42±16, 42±20, and 40±15 yrs; respectively) or proportion of female gender (68, 81, 78%; respectively), but NSF patients were more likely to be taking psychotropic medications. Baseline blood pressure and heart rate were similar among groups. NSF patients had a shorter time to event (9
vs.
19 min in VVS) and had significantly higher BP during event than those in the nDg group (systolic 131±16
vs
. 120±18; p=0.01 and diastolic BP 86±10
vs.
80±12 mmHg; p=0.05).

Conclusions:
In patients with suspected NSF, elective EEG monitoring during TTT yields a much higher incidence of NSF (37%) than unmonitored TTT (0-19%), or routine EEG monitoring (8-19%). We suggest that elective EEG monitoring provides a cost-efficient diagnostic approach, excludes cases of cerebral syncope, and helps in the management of patients with NSF. Prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical characteristics that warrant adding EEG monitoring to TTT.
Abstract P3063: Reduced 5-ht3r Signaling In The Nodose Ganglia Neurons Of Adult Shr
Authors: Araujo Alan , Baekey David , de Lartigue Guillaume , Zubcevic Jasenka
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension (HTN), but the precise mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions are not known. Gut and brain communicate via the vagal axis, of which serotonin (5-HT) is an important mediator. 5-HT acts via vagal 5-HT3a receptor (5-HT3aR), stimulation of which causes a reflex bradycardia similar to activation of the baroreflex in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). As the microbiota can exert powerful effects on gut 5-HT production, we investigated 5-HT3aR-dependent signaling in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods:
WKY and SHR were randomly injected with AAV-hSyn-gCAMP in the left or the right nodose ganglia. All rats also received an injection of CTB 594 (1ul of 1% solution) to the proximal colon and/or small intestine, to retrogradely label NG. In vivo Ca
2+
imaging was performed in all anesthetized rats using a two-photon microscope. High definition Z-stack images of the whole NG followed by a video of real time neuronal activity were made (~30 3um stacks every 2 seconds for 5 minutes). During this time, a bolus i.v. injection of 5-HT3aR agonist 1-Phenylbigunide (35ug) was delivered while simultaneously recording the real time activity of NG neurons and blood pressure/heart rate by telemetry. Data were analyzed using Fiji and Python script. qPCR for 5-HT3aRs was performed in RNA isolated from the proximal colon, nodose ganglia (NG) and NTS of adult male SHR and WKY rats.

Results:
Injection of 5-HT3aR agonist produced activation of the same number of gCAMP-labeled neurons in the SHR and WKY; however, a number of double-labeled gut-projecting neurons that were activated by the 5-HT3aR agonist were slightly lower in the SHR (11%) vs the WKY (13.5%). SHR NG neurons exhibited slower rate of activation compared to WKY NG neurons following the injection, which was associated with dampened effects of 5-HT3aR agonist on BP and HR in the SHR. Expression of 5-HT3aRs was completely diminished in the gut and NG (P<0.001) and significantly downregulated in the NTS (by ~40%, P<0.01) of SHR compared to WKY.

Conclusions:
Reduced 5-HT3aR NG signaling may be a consequence of gut dysbiosis in the SHR. Future studies will elucidate the functional significance of this pathway in HTN.
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor in Comparison to Clopidogrel in Elderly Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Schmucker Johannes , Fach Andreas , Mata Marin Luis Alberto , Retzlaff Tina , Osteresch Rico , Kollhorst Bianca , Hambrecht Rainer , Pohlabeln Hermann , Wienbergen Harm
Published: September 2019

Background

Current guidelines recommend the new‐generation P2Y12‐inhibitor ticagrelor for patients with acute
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarctions (
STEMIs
). The aim of the present study was to assess efficacy and safety of ticagrelor for elderly patients with
STEMI
(≥75 years) in an
all‐comers
STEMI
registry.

Methods and Results

Patients with
STEMI
, aged ≥75 years, treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and documented in the Bremen
STEMI
Registry between 2006 and 2017 entered analysis. The primary efficacy outcome, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, was defined as a composite of death, myocardial reinfarction, and stroke. The safety outcome was defined as any significant bleeding event within 1 year. To estimate benefit/risk ratio, net adverse clinical events (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events+bleedings) were calculated. Outcomes were estimated in propensity score–matched cohorts to adjust for possible confounders. Of a total of 7466 patients with
STEMI
, 1087, aged ≥75 years, were selected, of which 552 (51%) received clopidogrel and 535 (49%) received ticagrelor, with similar age (80.9±4.6 versus 80.9±4.6 years) and sex (51% versus 50% female) distributions between treatment arms. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 32.4% of patients treated with clopidogrel versus 25.5% treated with ticagrelor (
P
=0.015), with the 1‐year mortality rate at 26.8% versus 21.1% (
P
=0.035). Because there was no difference in the safety outcome (clopidogrel versus ticagrelor, 4.9% versus 5.1%; not significant), net adverse clinical events were higher for clopidogrel than for ticagrelor: 37.3% versus 30.6% (
P
=0.028). In a propensity score–matched model, the advantage for ticagrelor on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained significant (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95%
CI
, 0.49‐0.97;
P
=0.03), whereas 1‐year‐mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95%
CI
, 0.67–1.27;
P
=0.5) and 1‐year bleeding events (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95%
CI
, 0.4–2.3;
P
=0.8) did not differ.

Conclusions

These results from propensity score–matched registry data show that for elderly patients with
STEMI,
ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel was associated with a reduction in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events without a significant increase in bleeding events within 1 year.
Effects of Hypothetical Interventions on Ischemic Stroke Using Parametric G-Formula
Authors: Mokhayeri Yaser , Hashemi-Nazari Seyed Saeed , Khodakarim Soheila , Safiri Saeid , Mansournia Nasrin , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Kaufman Jay S. , Naimi Ashley I.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Standard analytic approaches (eg, logistic regression) fail to adequately control for time-dependent confounding and, therefore, may yield biased estimates of the total effect of the exposure on the outcome. In the present study, we estimate the effect of body mass index, intentional physical activity, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, hypertension, and cigarette smoking on the 11-year risk of ischemic stroke by sex using the parametric g-formula to control time-dependent confounders.

Methods—

Using data from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), we followed 6809 men and women aged 45 to 84 years. We estimated the risk of stroke under 6 hypothetical interventions: maintaining body mass index <25 kg/m
2
, maintaining normotension (systolic blood pressure <140 and diastolic <90 mm Hg), quitting smoking, maintaining HDL >1.55 mmol/L, maintaining LDL <3.11 mmol/L, and exercising at least 210 minutes per week. The effects of joint hypothetical interventions were also simulated.

Results—

In men, the 11-year risk of ischemic stroke would be reduced by 85% (95% CI, 66–96) for all 6 hypothetical interventions. In women, this same effect was estimated as 55% (95% CI, 6–82).

Conclusions—

The hypothetical interventions explored in our study resulted in risk reduction in both men and women.
Lengthy leader male tenure delays male offspring dispersal in a primate multilevel society
Authors: Fang Gu , Gao Xiao-Min , Zhang Dong , Dunn Derek , Pan Ruliang , Li Bao-Guo , Qi Xiao-Guang
Published: September 2019

Natal dispersals are male-biased in most Old World monkey species, especially those that are polygynous. We examined patterns of male dispersal in golden snub-nosed monkeys, in which male offspring mainly disperse as juveniles from their natal one-male units (OMUs) to a bachelor group. However, out of a total of 112 male dispersals from 2001–2016, we documented six cases in which male offspring remained in their natal OMU until sub-adulthood. Based on monitoring of dispersal dynamics, we found that male offspring were more likely to delay dispersal if the tenure of leader males was lengthy. Social network analysis showed male offspring who delayed dispersal exhibited strong social relationships with each other and their OMU leader male but not with the females of their OMU. Our results suggest that the length of leader male tenure may affect natal male dispersal due to benefits to leader males accrued via intrasexual competition and kin selection.
Material Visions of the Good Life
Authors: Félix-Jäger Steven
Published: September 2019

Methods within visual culture studies can reveal the aesthetic stimuli that shape the way a religious group pictures or visualizes existence. Studying the visual culture of a religious movement allows one to see what formational mechanisms already exist and how the stimuli implicitly or explicitly support the movement’s theological commitments. This article suggests an approach for understanding Pentecostalism anew in its own distinct theological and sociological terms by categorizing the contours of the religious visual cultures of global Pentecostalism. This article argues that theologies of abundance are largely at play in the visual cultures of global Pentecostalism, and this can be demonstrated by identifying the visual stimuli that form religious experience and shape the way Pentecostals around the world imagine, understand, and project reality.
Can A Transnational Law Approach Offer A Better Understanding of International Law’s Contribution to Sustainable Hydropower Projects? A Test Case from the Mekong River Basin
Authors: Mayard Laure-Elise
Published: September 2019

Hydropower regulation involves an increasingly complex set of actors, scales and legal regimes. The role that international law plays in regulating hydropower, and other sustainable development issues, is challenged by this pluralism because of international law’s restrictive traditional theoretical framework, which appears to be ill-equipped to fully grasp and represent significant features of pluralistic regulation. A broader conceptualization of international law could create a more pluralist, holistic and integrated approach to regulation, making it more attuned to reality and to sustainable development objectives.

This article adopts a transnational law approach embracing in a more flexible manner different elements which influence regulation and which escape existing legal categories. Hydropower projects in the Lower Mekong River Basin illustrate the mismatch between regulation mainly focused on the State, investment-related actors and regimes of large projects, on the one hand, and the growing pluralism driven by the involvement of non-State actors, specificities of environmental regulation and different levels of inquiry, on the other hand. The analysis explores the ‘blind spots’ of international law in its regulation of hydropower projects and considers the possibilities in which a transnational law approach broadens the vision of existing international law to be more pluralist.
A new species of the genus Polyphena Solovyev, 2014 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from China
Authors: LI WEN-TAO , SOLOVYEV ALEXEY V. , WANG HOU-SHUAI
Published: September 2019

Polyphena chongzuoensis sp. nov. is described from China, as the twelfth species of Polyphena Solovyev, 2014. This new species is morphologically similar to P. bana (Cai, 1983), but differs in male genitalia from the latter by short spurs of anellus and aedeagus without obvious apical processes. Male adult and its genitalia are illustrated. The new species is supported molecularly by the analysis of pairwise genetic distances from a 658 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, with the minimum distance value of 6.4% from its allied species P. annae.
Barsine wangi, a new species from Guangdong, southern China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , HUANG SI-YAO , DUBATOLOV VLADIMIR V. , KISHIDA YASUNORI
Published: September 2019

Barsine Walker, 1854 is a large genus of lichen moths (family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, tribe Lithosiini) including about a hundred of valid species and widespread in Oriental tropics, mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and the southern part of the Russian Far East. During the studies of Lithosiini materials recently collected in the Chinese Province of Guangdong, we found one more, yet undescribed Barsine species. It is related to the recently described B. cacharensis Singh & Kirti, 2016 by the male and female genitalia structure, but externally it is more similar to B. defecta Walker, 1854 and B. gratissima (de Joannis, 1930). The species is described below as new.
A new species and two new records of the ground spider genus Apopyllus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Paraguay
Authors: ESPEJO YOLANDA M. G. PIÑANEZ , KOCHALKA JOHN A. , BARRETT BOLÍVAR R. GARCETE
Published: September 2019

The family Gnaphosidae consist of 158 genera and 2530 species worldwide. In South America there are 35 genera (World Spider Catalog 2019) considering Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab, 1984, a small genus of ground hunting spiders (Cardoso et al. 2011) that includes ten American species, of which eight have been recorded from southern South America. Their known distribution ranges from southern Mexico through Colombia, Bolivia, Perú, Chile, Brazil and Argentina (World Spider Catalog 2019). In Paraguay, the genus was first mentioned in an invertebrate checklist (see Kochalka et al. 1996). First studies on the genus and its taxonomic placement were made by Platnick & Shadab (1984), and more recently a revision of the genus was undertaken by Azevedo et al. (2016), including four new Brazilian species. Even though the external appearance of Apopyllus is similar to other gnaphosids, specifically taking into consideration the Echemus group, spiders with plain colored abdomens, sometimes presenting chevrons in the opisthosoma, and with developed scutum in males (Murphy 2007), females and males can be differentiated by the more elaborated and intricated genitalia structures (see Azevededo et al. 2016). Apopyllus is most similar to Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924 both having a similar elongate embolus (Fig. 3e) and a membranous tegular extension (Fig. 3d) (Platnick & Shadab 1984), and to the genera Nopyllus Ott, 2014, but differ from the later by the presence of a scutum (Fig. 3a) in males and by the presence of a median apophysis (Fig. 3e) on the bulb (Ott, 2014).
A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Lacvietina Herman (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) from China
Authors: CHANG YUAN , LI LI-ZHEN , YIN ZI-WEI
Published: September 2019

The tachyporine genus Lacvietina Herman is represented in China by two species: L. punctatissima (Hayashi) from Taiwan and L. lii (Li, Tang & Zhu) from Guizhou. Here we described a third species, L. nabanhensis Chang, Li & Yin, sp. nov., from Yunnan. Moreover, new collecting data and a redescription of L. lii are provided.
Evaluation and Comparison of CanRCM4 and CRCM5 to Estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation over North America
Authors: Ben Alaya M. A. , Zwiers F. , Zhang X.
Published: September 2019

Recently dam managers have begun to use data produced by regional climate models to estimate how probable maximum precipitation (PMP) might evolve in the future. Before accomplishing such a task, it is essential to assess PMP estimates derived from regional climate models (RCMs). In the current study PMP over North America estimated from two Canadian RCMs, CanRCM4 and CRCM5, is compared with estimates derived from three reanalysis products: ERA-Interim, NARR, and CFSR. An additional hybrid dataset (MSWEP-ERA) produced by combining precipitation from the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) dataset and precipitable water (PW) from ERA-Interim is also considered to derive PMP estimates that can serve as a reference. A recently developed approach using a statistical bivariate extreme values distribution is used to provide a probabilistic description of the PMP estimates using the moisture maximization method. Such a probabilistic description naturally allows an assessment of PMP estimates that includes quantification of their uncertainty. While PMP estimates based on the two RCMs exhibit spatial patterns similar to those of MSWEP-ERA and the three sets of reanalyses on the continental scale over North America, CanRCM4 has a tendency for overestimation while CRCM5 has a tendency for modest underestimation. Generally, CRCM5 shows good agreement with ERA-Interim, while CanRCM4 is more comparable to CFSR. Overall, the good ability of the two RCMs to reproduce the major characteristics of the different components involved in the estimation of PMP suggests that they may be useful tools for PMP estimation that could serve as a basis for flood studies at the basin scale.
Ocean Eddy Energetics in the Spectral Space as Revealed by High-Resolution General Circulation Models
Authors: Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Zhang Qiuying , Chang Ping , Chen Zhaohui , Liu Hailong , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2019

In this study, the global eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget in horizontal wavenumber space is analyzed based on 1/10° ocean general circulation model simulations. In both the tropical and midlatitude regions, the barotropic energy conversion from background flow to eddies is positive throughout the wavenumber space and generally peaks at the scale (Le) where EKE reaches its maximum. The baroclinic energy conversion is more pronounced at midlatitudes. It exhibits a dipolar structure with positive and negative values at scales smaller and larger than Le, respectively. Surface wind power on geostrophic flow results in a significant EKE loss around Le but deposits energy at larger scales. The interior viscous dissipation and bottom drag inferred from the pressure flux convergence act as EKE sink terms. The latter is most efficient at Le while the former is more dominant at smaller scales. There is an evident mismatch between EKE generation and dissipation in the spectral space especially at the midlatitudes. This is reconciled by a dominant forward energy cascade on the equator and a dominant inverse energy cascade at the midlatitudes.
Complaint-Oriented Policing: Regulating Homelessness in Public Space
Authors: Herring Chris
Published: September 2019

Over the past 30 years, cities across the United States have adopted quality-of-life ordinances aimed at policing social marginality. Scholars have documented zero-tolerance policing and emerging tactics of therapeutic policing in these efforts, but little attention has been paid to 911 calls and forms of third-party policing in governing public space and the poor. Drawing on an analysis of 3.9 million 911 and 311 call records and participant observation alongside police officers, social workers, and homeless men and women residing on the streets of San Francisco, this article elaborates a model of “complaint-oriented policing” to explain additional causes and consequences of policing visible poverty. Situating the police within a broader bureaucratic field of poverty governance, I demonstrate how policing aimed at the poor can be initiated by callers, organizations, and government agencies, and how police officers manage these complaints in collaboration and conflict with health, welfare, and sanitation agencies. Expanding the conception of the criminalization of poverty, which is often centered on incarceration or arrest, the study reveals previously unforeseen consequences of move-along orders, citations, and threats that dispossess the poor of property, create barriers to services and jobs, and increase vulnerability to violence and crime.
Review Essay: M. Kotzur (Ed.), Peter Häberle on Constitutional Theory: Constitution as Culture and the Open Society of Constitutional Interpreters
Authors: Kumar Pratyush
Published: September 2019

M. Kotzur (Ed.), Peter Häberle on Constitutional Theory: Constitution as Culture and the Open Society of Constitutional Interpreters. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos, 2018, 323 pp., €84.
Defiance labour and reflexive complicity: Illusio and gendered marginalisation in DIY punk scenes
Authors: Sharp Megan , Threadgold Steven
Published: September 2019

Since punk emerged in the 1970s as a music genre and subculture it has gained significant academic attention. Punk as a concept now alludes to specific places or scenes, and has been established as a general anti-establishment attitude, as well as an anti-consumerist disposition, with a need to do-it-yourself (DIY). Drawing upon ethnographic and interview data from the east coast of Australia, this article analyses struggles that occur within punk spaces where women and queer identifying punks negotiate historically established male dominance. Punk scenes have the general illusio of being resistant to dominant norms and practices, which is attractive to individuals who feel like outsiders. Yet through symbolic violence, systematic oppression can be perpetrated against those who do not invoke idealised forms of masculinity or femininity. Using the affective transference of gendered norms in punk spaces, we find struggles that are often homogenised in punk research which attends critically to subcultural themes of collectivism and resistance. By unpacking these themes, this article puts forth the concepts of reflexive complicity – where men and women reproduce inequality in punk spaces – and defiance labour – moments of overt challenge to symbolic violence within punk spaces and scenes.
Revisiting Politics in Political CSR: How coercive and deliberative dynamics operate through institutional work in a Colombian company
Authors: Acosta Pilar , Acquier Aurélien , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: September 2019

This article analyses the political dynamics taking place within a Colombian supplier company during the implementation of a client’s global Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme, which radically transformed the local understandings of the supplier’s social responsibilities. We distinguish two forms of politics in political CSR – coercive and deliberative politics – and examine how they unfold through lower-level managers’ institutional work. Our longitudinal case study identifies four types of institutional work, which combine into three political configurations – irreconcilable politics, complementary politics and aligned deliberative politics – resulting in the hybridization of explicit and implicit CSR. By analysing how local managers from emerging countries and at the bottom of the supply chain cope with the new political role of MNCs, we expand the political microfoundations of CSR and highlight the interactive and political nature of institutional work aimed at addressing major societal challenges.
Modeling and analysis of hydraulic piston actuation of McKibben fluidic artificial muscles for hand rehabilitation
Authors: Camp Anderson S , Chapman Edward M , Jaramillo Cienfuegos Paola
Published: September 2019

Soft robotic actuators are well-suited for interactions with the human body, particularly in rehabilitation applications. The fluidic artificial muscle (FAM), specifically the McKibben FAM, is a type of soft robotic actuator that can be driven either pneumatically or hydraulically, and has potential for use in rehabilitation devices. The force applied by a FAM is well-described by a variety of models, the most common of which is based on the virtual work principle. However, the use of a piston assembly as a hydraulic power source for activation of FAMs has not previously been modeled in detail. This article presents a FAM designed to address the specific needs of a hand rehabilitation device. A syringe pump test bed is used to find and validate a novel volume–strain relationship. The volume–strain relationship remains constant with the coupled piston–FAM system, regardless of load. This confirms a bivariate approach to FAM control which is particularly beneficial in the exoskeleton application as the load varies throughout use. A novel, fixed-end cylindrical model is found to predict the strain of the FAM, given a volume input, regardless of load. For the FAMs tested in this work, the fixed-end cylindrical model improves strain prediction seven-fold when compared with traditional models.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma: a report from the TREP (Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica) Project
Authors: Grigoletto Veronica , Tagarelli Arianna , Atzeni Catia , Cecchetto Giovanni , Indolfi Paolo , De Pasquale Maria Debora , De Leonardis Francesco , Coppadoro Beatrice , Sorbara Silvia , Chiaravalli Stefano , Ferrari Andrea , Bisogno Gianni
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive mesenchymal tumor of childhood. The Italian Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (TREP) Registry was the first in Europe dedicated to prospective data collection on rare pediatric tumors. We analyzed data from an Italian series of patients with PPB, focusing on the role of the TREP Project.

Methods:

We considered patients aged 0–14 with histologically confirmed diagnosis, registered in population-based cancer registries (before 2000) or the TREP Registry (2000 to 2014), and analyzed data on clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated. Relevant prognostic factors were identified performing a univariate analysis.

Results:

Thirty-seven cases were included (7 type I, 13 type II, 17 type III). The average diagnosis rate rose from 1.10 to 1.73 cases/year after the TREP Project started. All patients underwent surgery, 33 received chemotherapy, and 9 had radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 8.7 years. For type I, II, and III, respectively, the 5-year OS was 85.7% (33.4–97.9), 52.7% (23.4–75.5), and 57.8% (31.1–77.3); the 5-year EFS was 85.7% (33.4–97.9), 52.7% (23.4–75.5), and 52.9% (27.6–73.0). Favorable prognostic factors for EFS were Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) stage I ( p = 0.03) and T1 tumor ( p = 0.05). A total of 78.3% of patients who had chemotherapy after 2000 received a standardized treatment.

Conclusions:

The TREP Registry showed an excellent capacity for registering cases of PPB. Patients received homogeneous treatment after the TREP Project started. Long-term outcomes were excellent for type I and unsatisfactory for type II and III. Tumor invasiveness and IRS stage were of prognostic value.
Practice theory and conservative thought
Authors: Strand Michael
Published: September 2019

The concept of practice is thematically central to modern conservative thought, as evident in Edmund Burke’s writings on the aesthetic and his diatribe against the French Revolution. It is also the main organizing thread in the framework in the human sciences known as practice theory, which extends back at least to Karl Marx’s ‘Theses on Feuerbach’. This article historicizes ‘practice’ in conservative thought and practice theory, accounts for the family resemblance between the two, and takes apart that family resemblance to reveal differences. The ingredients of practice theory (historical inheritance, embodiment, cognitive limits, loose coupling between conscious thought and action) are in many cases also distinctive traits of conservative thought. But the similarity is deceptive. Practice theory and conservative thought constitute two distinct interpretations of practice, two disparate endeavours for connecting human science with political strategy, and two different formulas for opposing theory and practice. The present study will argue that this is primarily a political opposition for conservative thought, while it is a human-scientific opposition for practice theory. Conservative thought is initially political and then human-scientific; practice theory is initially human-scientific and then political. This article advocates for practice theory against conservative thought as differently amended versions of a politics that recognizes human finitude.
Neurobiological Functioning and the Personality-Trait Hierarchy: Central Serotonergic Responsivity and the Stability Metatrait
Authors: Wright Aidan G. C. , Creswell Kasey G. , Flory Janine D. , Muldoon Matthew F. , Manuck Stephen B.
Published: September 2019

Trait domains of the five-factor model are not orthogonal, and two metatraits have often been estimated from their covariation. Here, we focus on the stability metatrait, which reflects shared variance in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and (inversely) neuroticism. It has been hypothesized that stability manifests, in part, because of individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. We explored this possibility in a community sample ( N = 441) using a multiverse analysis of (a) multi-informant five-factor-model traits and (b) stability as a predictor of individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. Differences in serotonergic functioning were assessed by indexing change in serum prolactin concentration following intravenous infusion of citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Results were mixed, showing that trait neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the stability metatrait, were significantly associated with prolactin response but that these findings were contingent on a number of modeling decisions. Specifically, these effects were nonlinear, emerging most strongly for participants with the highest levels (or lowest, for neuroticism) of the component traits.
A case study investigation of academic library support for open educational resources in Scottish universities
Authors: Thompson Seth D. , Muir Adrienne
Published: September 2019

The aim of the research was to investigate why and how Scottish university libraries support open educational resources and to assess their ability to provide support services for their development and use within higher education institutions. There has been little research on the role of academic libraries in supporting open educational resources in Scotland and previous research found that there is a lack of awareness of them in Scottish higher education institutions and few have open educational resources policies. The case study methodology therefore involved two Scottish academic libraries providing open educational resources services. The libraries’ motivation includes supporting teaching and learning and the development of educator digital skills and copyright knowledge. However, there are a number of barriers limiting the services the libraries are able to provide, particularly lack of human resources. The research confirmed the findings of previous research on the importance of institutional commitment, incentives for educator engagement, and understanding of copyright and licensing issues by educators and library staff.
Nature and Perception of Sexist Humor at Great Zimbabwe University
Authors: Kanyemba Roselyn , Naidu Maheshvari
Published: September 2019

For the majority of women, university represents a time of hopefulness and opportunities such that gendered incidences questioning their academic merit poses a serious setback. Sexist humor is one such incident which communicates a message that females are irrelevant and insignificant. This article discusses the nature and perceptions of sexist humor on University campuses. The views on how students on campus perceive sexist humor are crucial for understanding students’ response and offer a clear understanding of what justifies and normalizes sexist humor. The paper analyzes how the use of language can be connected to sexism and violence. Using a mixed methodology for data collection at Great Zimbabwe University, the paper attempts to link language, sexual violence, misogyny, and sexism as well as chronicle the overall pattern of exclusion and marginalization of women in higher education settings. The findings of the paper present evidence that the institutional and intellectual cultures of educational institutions are permeated with sexual and gender dynamics that have become embedded and naturalized in popular thought. Normalization of verbal harassment contributes to muting victimized women, thus perpetuating a culture in which violence against women becomes part of the social milieu. Thus, this study concludes that while one may consider higher education institutions in Africa as safer spaces for women, these are highly contested terrains as misogyny through sexist humor, among other hindrances, has created an obstacle for women’s equal participation in higher education.
Associations of VEGFA and KDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms and increased risk and aggressiveness of high-grade gliomas
Authors: Vasconcelos Vivian Castro Antunes , Lourenço Gustavo Jacob , Brito Angelo Borsarelli Carvalho , Vasconcelos Victor Leal , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius Calfat , Tedeschi Helder , Marie Suely Kaue Nagashi , Shinjo Sueli Mieko Oba , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos
Published: September 2019

Angiogenesis, induced by the vascular endothelial growth factor A through its ligation to the vascular endothelial growth receptor 2, has been described as a crucial point in high-grade glioma development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of VEGFA–2578C/A, −2489C/T, −1154G/A, −634G/C, and −460C/T, and KDR–604T/C, −271G/A, +1192G/A, and +1719A/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms on risk and clinicopathological aspects of high-grade glioma. This case–control study enrolled 205 high-grade glioma patients and 205 controls. Individuals with VEGFA–2578 CC or CA, VEGFA–1154 GG, VEGFA–634 GC or CC, and VEGFA–460 CT or TT genotypes were under 2.56, 1.53, 1.54, and 1.84 increased risks of high-grade glioma, compared to others, respectively. And 1.61, 2.66, 2.52, 2.53, and 2.02 increased risks of high-grade glioma were seen in individuals with VEGFA–2578 CC plus VEGFA–1154 GG, VEGFA–2578 CC or CA plus VEGFA–634 GC or CC, VEGFA–2578 CC or CA plus VEGFA–460 CT or TT, VEGFA–1154 GG or GA plus VEGFA–634 GC or CC, and VEGFA 634 GC or CC plus VEGFA–460 CT or TT combined genotypes, respectively, when compared to others. The “CAGT” haplotype of KDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms was more common in patients with grade IV than in those with grade III tumors, and individuals carrying this haplotype were at 1.76 increased risk of developing grade IV tumors than others. We present, for the first time, preliminary evidence that VEGFA–2578C/A and VEGFA–1154G/A single-nucleotide polymorphisms increases high-grade glioma risk, and “CAGT” haplotype of the KDR gene alters high-grade glioma aggressiveness and risk of grade IV tumors in Brazil.