bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Bolleyer Nicole
Published: December 2018

This chapter recapitulates the main findings of this study and the conceptual, methodological, and empirical strategies chosen to generate them. Based on a new interdisciplinary framework on democracies’ legal dispositions towards civil society regulation, this study has shown that the nature of voluntary organizations’ legal environments adopted in long-lived democracies varies with the relative acceptability of constraining regulation in that sphere, which, in turn, is shaped by distinct configurations of a political system’s democratic history, its legal family, and its voluntary sector traditions. It concludes by pointing to a central avenue of future research for which this study has laid the groundwork—the assessment of organizational responses to the variety of legal environments that long-lived democracies have created.
The Fifth Corner of Four
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: December 2018

The book charts the development of Buddhist metaphysics, drawing on texts which include those of Nagarjuna and Dogen. The development is viewed through the lens of the Catuṣkoṭi At its simplest, and as it appears in the earliest texts, this is a logical/metaphysical principle which says that every claim is true, false, both, or neither; but the principle itself evolves, assuming new forms as the metaphysics develops. An important step in the evolution incorporates ineffability. Such things make no sense from the perspective of a logic which endorses the principles of excluded middle and non-contradiction, which are standard fare in Western logic. However, the book shows how one can make sense of them by applying the techniques of contemporary non-classical logic, such as those of First Degree Entailment, and plurivalent logic. An important issue that emerges as the book develops is the notion of non-duality and its transcendence. This allows many of the threads of the book to be drawn together at its end. All matters are explained, as far as possible, in a way that is accessible to those with no knowledge of Buddhist philosophy or contemporary non-classical logic.
Well-Founded Metaphysics
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: December 2018

This chapter explains the metaphysical picture that emerges in the Abhidharma thought of the first five hundred years of Buddhism. This endorses an ultimate reality composed of dharmas, partless objects with svabhāva (self-nature), and a conventional reality composed of objects conceptually constructed out of these.
The Fifth Corner
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: December 2018

This chapter shows how this possibility (ineffability) can be incorporated into the logical machinery by adding a fifth value. In the process, the bearers of semantic values are reinterpreted as states of affairs, which are themselves empty. This is deployed to produce a correspondence theory of conventional truth.
The Golden Lion
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: December 2018

This chapter turns to Huayan Buddhism, and the thought of Fazang. Huayan has a distinctive view of the nature of the interpenetration between conventional and ultimate reality. The notion of interpenetration draws on both Indian and Daoist thought. The chapter shows how to make precise sense of the notion of interpenetration with some simple graph-theoretic techniques.
Enlightenment
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: December 2018

This chapter turns to Chan (Zen) Buddhism, and in particular its notion of enlightenment. The progress to enlightenment can be modelled by a sequence of plurivalent structures. In the light of this, the chapter then discusses a number of aspects of the thought of Dōgen. The chapter concludes by discussing the notion of non-duality, a theme that assumes increasing significance in the preceding chapters.
Introduction: Legislators in the Steel-Hard Casing
Authors: Koß Michael
Published: December 2018

This chapter identifies the problem of legislative democracy. As a response to growing pressures to increase procedural efficiency in the wake of the Industrial Revolution and the advent of more inclusive suffrage formulae, legislators face two procedural alternatives: to centralize control over the legislative agenda, to create powerful committees. Talking legislatures combine centralized agenda control and weak committees, working ones decentralized agenda control and powerful committees, and hybrid ones centralized agenda control and powerful committees. According to the dynamic partisan perspective adopted in this book, a centralization of agenda control only occurs as a response to anti-system obstruction. Given legislators’ demand for mega-seats, the creation of powerful committees is the default way to rationalize legislative procedures. If, however, legislators fail to procedurally respond to anti-system obstruction they risk a breakdown of legislative procedures. This is why this book ultimately focuses on legislative democracy rather than legislative organization.
The Analysis of Talking and Working Legislatures
Authors: Koß Michael
Published: December 2018

This chapter discusses agenda control and committee power as the most important features of talking and working legislatures. Agenda control is regarded as centralized if governments possess privileges in two or more of its defining dimensions (timetable, positive, and negative control). Correspondingly, legislative committees are regarded as powerful if at least permanence and rewrite authority are present. This chapter also discusses existing explanations for the distribution of agenda control and committee power. From this discussion follows the methodological decision to first develop a theoretical model of procedural change whose hypotheses are examined in a qualitative process-tracing analysis focusing on controlled cross-case comparisons of four types of procedural reforms (path changes plus path-dependent, incremental, and failed reforms).
Divine Agency and Divine Action, Volume III
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

Volume III of Divine Agency and Divine Action articulates a vision of systematic theology focused on divine action from creation to eschatology. Volume I developed the foundational conceptual work by showing that the concept of action is a radically open concept that makes possible the appropriation of divine action for today. Volume II argued that in exploring divine action one needs to specify the actual divine actions under review and showed that there could be no progress without extensive soundings across the tradition. Work on divine action requires extended work in doctrinal criticism rooted in the history of theology as a prelude to work that communicates a normative vision of divine action for today. This vision is best explored by taking up the great themes of systematic theology from creation to eschatology yet treating them in a deflationary manner that sees systematic theology as university-level, post-baptismal, Christian instruction. We live in a golden period of theological studies. Yet we also live in a period of disorientation and confusion that calls for a fresh engagement with the demands of systematic theology. Volume III meets that demand by insisting that systematic theology has its own content and modes of inquiry, that it belongs intimately to the journey of faith, and that it requires authentic academic clarity and rigor. It reclaims the rightful place of systematic theology as the center of gravity for theological studies but does so in a manner that makes it accessible to both the church and to the academy.
Introduction
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

Systematic theology aims to provide a constructive, normative account of Christian teaching for today. It tackles the big themes of theology that begin with issues of prolegomena and proceeds through the classical loci from Trinity to eschatology. It should not be confused with work in the epistemology of theology, an arena that requires its own sub-disciplinary site placed at the intersection of theology and philosophy. The current crisis of identity in theology which is brought home afresh by celebrations related to the Reformation requires a fresh approach. This approach sees theology as arising inescapably and naturally in the church and in the life of faith but also readily belongs in the contemporary university.
Human Agents Made in the Image of God
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

Theological anthropology addresses two central issues: what it is to be made in the image of God and what it is to be fallen creatures. Human agents are extraordinarily complex creatures; being made in the image of God means that they mirror the agency of God in exercising certain powers in the service of creation. An account of the human being in the image of God requires that we think of the human being as an agent. With that account in place, we can identify the relevant features of the human being as bearer of the divine image. There are deep consequences to this vision of human beings and the loss of this vision tends to lead to unwelcome ontological and moral mistakes.
The Church
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

The church despite its failings is central to the work of God in history. Its work can be delineated as worship, waiting upon God, and witness. This order is important in order to preserve a theocentric vision of the church’s work. Witness is carried out in both word and deed. To carry out its work the church is equipped with diverse ministries: synchronic ministries that belong to all and synchronic ministries that involve the orders of deacons, presbyters, and bishops. The latter are responsible for the proper administration of the sacraments. Divine action through the sacraments is best construed along occasionalist lines.
Salvation
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

Divine grace makes possible genuine victory over moral evil. This theme is best explored on several levels: a reading of Genesis 12, 15, and 22, attention to the concepts available, various lists of virtues, actions, and practices, and the resources of ascetical theology. Sanctity is based in divine predestination and the narrative of salvation inaugurated in Abraham and continued in the church. With this narrative in place we can provide a rich commentary on conspicuous sanctity. This opens up the door to engagement with the life and witness of the saints. It also provides a fitting climax in the rare cases of transfiguration.
Eschatology
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: December 2018

Proclamation of the Return of Christ is the Easter message for the universe. The Nicene Creed is aptly modest in its claims about cosmic eschatology. We need a proper approach to the language of apocalypse and eschatology. The language of eschatology lies close to hand in popular culture and in standard references to heaven and hell as applied to life now. We should also be circumspect about images of the Antichrist and the millennium. The ultimate horizon is one of transformation rather than destruction. There are faint intimations of this in the bodies of the saints. A proper ethical response is one of realistic preparation for God’s New Day.
Ugo Foscolo
Authors: Zanou Konstantina
Published: December 2018

Chapter 1 offers a thematic biography of Ugo Foscolo (1778–1827), one of Italy’s canonical poets. It reconstructs the linguistic and literary landscape of Foscolo’s native Ionian Islands and follows the poet’s gradual Italianization as a man of letters and a political activist. By focusing on his celebrated work Le Ultime Lettere di Jacopo Ortis, it explores the role of exile both as a powerful motif of Risorgimento literature and as a driving force in the poet’s own biography and image-making. Lastly, the chapter investigates Foscolo’s transnational patriotism between Venice, Napoleonic Italy, the British Ionian Islands, and revolutionary Greece.
The Greek Revolution through the Eyes of Orthodox Enlightenment
Authors: Zanou Konstantina
Published: December 2018

Chapter 7 investigates the way in which the outbreak of the Greek revolution signified an almost existential dilemma for the Greek servants of the Tsar who had in the meantime become attuned to the nascent nationalist feelings of the period: how was it possible to adhere to the principles of national liberation and, at the same time, remain loyal to the tsarist order? How could one be a philhellene without contesting the European Congress system? By studying the writings of Ioannis Kapodistrias, Alexandre Stourdza, Andrea Mustoxidi, and Bishop Ignatius, the chapter argues that these people were led to the creation of a peculiar system of interpreting the Greek revolution and of understanding nationalism in general. By combining religious and apocalyptic nationalism, a strong belief in the concept of legitimacy and dislike of secret societies, and the principles of Orthodox Enlightenment, this group of intellectuals found a way to accommodate imperial and religious values and the language of the nation.
Conclusion
Authors: Zanou Konstantina
Published: December 2018

The reconstruction of these diasporic intellectual trajectories, which developed far from the Parisian nuclei of Greek thought and the democratic ideological tradition of the French Revolution, allows the historian to tell a markedly different story about the Greek diasporas and their Enlightenments, one which, in terms of the circulation of ideas, is less obviously derived from the West and offers a more polycentric account, geographically and intellectually, of the origins of Greek nationalism and of the Greek revolution. ...
A Trans-Adriatic Programme for the Regeneration of Greek Letters
Authors: Zanou Konstantina
Published: December 2018

Chapter 12 sheds light on a trans-Adriatic intellectual programme for the regeneration of Greek letters, an endeavour orchestrated by Andrea Mustoxidi and carried out by a cohort of Ionian and Greco-Venetian men of letters in the period from the 1820s to the 1850s. This programme included themes hardly touched upon by other intellectuals in the realm of Greek letters up to then: the rehabilitation of local history, the reclamation of the Byzantine and Ottoman pasts, and the re-evaluation of Greek and Mediterranean folk poetry. The post-Venetian intellectual programme in which these people were involved was a continuation of the Venetian Adriatic Enlightenment of a previous period. To tell its forgotten story means to turn our gaze away from the one, all-encompassing ‘Neohellenic Enlightenment’ scheme to the multiple Greek and Mediterranean Enlightenments formed on the verge of the modern world.
The limits of verb serialization
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y.
Published: December 2018

In some languages, verb serialization is productive. Others have just a few kinds of serial verbs. Limited verb serialization can be restricted to just a few directional verbs. Serial verbs need to be kept separate from clause sequences and multi-verb constructions of other kinds including coordinate and subordinate constructions and multi-verb constructions involving converbs and participles. Depending on their form, serial verbs may show similarities with other verb-verb combinations. Those which consist of several grammatical words need to be distinguished from other multi-word verb sequences—including coordinated clauses and clause chains. Monoclausal verb-verb sequences which may share some semantic similarities with serial verbs include constructions with auxiliary verbs and dependent verb forms (including converbs). Single-word serial verbs need to be distinguished from unproductive and lexically restricted verbal compounds. Productive serial verbs will have no restrictions on the mood, modality, and polarity, unlike quasi-serial verbs such as American English go eat.
Street Songs
Authors: Karlin Daniel
Published: December 2018

The Introduction presents an overview of the topic of street song and summarizes the main chapters of the book. It begins by discussing poems by Robert Herrick and Thomas Campion based on the traditional street-vendor’s cry of ‘Cherry Ripe’ as an example of the way in which writers appropriate street songs for their own purposes, and includes discussions of other images and texts such as Donald Davie’s poem ‘Cherry Ripe’. ‘Cherrie-ripe’ traces an arc from the sixteenth century to the twentieth, encompassing literature, art, music, and social history. It suggests the broad scope of the subject, but although attention is paid to its rich and varied contexts, the focus of this book is on the ways in which street song has found its way into works of literature.
Introduction
Authors: Karlin Daniel
Published: December 2018

Street Songs, based on the Clarendon Lectures for 2016, is about the use made by poets and novelists of street songs and cries. Karlin begins with the London street-vendor’s cry of ‘Cherry-ripe!’, as it occurs in poems from the sixteenth to the twentieth century: the ‘Cries of London’ (and Paris) exemplify the fascination of this urban art to writers of every period. Focusing on nineteenth and early twentieth-century writers, the book traces the theme in works by William Wordsworth, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Walt Whitman, George Gissing, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust. As well as street cries, these writers incorporate ballads, folk-songs, religious and political songs, and songs of their own invention into crucial scenes, and the singers themselves range from a one-legged beggar in Dublin to a famous painter in fifteenth-century Florence. The book concludes with the beautiful and unlikely ‘song’ of a knife-grinder’s wheel. Throughout the book Karlin emphasizes the rich complexity of his subject. The street singer may be figured as an urban Orpheus, enchanting the crowd and possessed of magical powers of healing and redemption; but the barbaric din of the modern city is never far away, and the poet who identifies with Orpheus may also dread his fate. And the fugitive, transient nature of song offers writers a challenge to their more structured art. Overheard in fragments, teasing, ungraspable, the street song may be ‘captured’ by a literary work but is never, finally, tamed.
Orpheus in the city
Authors: Karlin Daniel
Published: December 2018

Chapter 1 begins with a primal myth transposed to the city. William Wordsworth’s ‘Power of Music’ represents street music as an unqualified blessing: in proclaiming his fiddler ‘An Orpheus!’, the poet summons the miraculous and sacred power of music and song, but any allusion to Orpheus is shadowed by his tragic fate. Wordsworth’s poem recalls, by inversion, William Hogarth’s famous print, ‘The Enrag’d Musician’ (1741), in which a mob of urban noise-makers (including rival and degraded forms of street music and song) advance on the ‘classical’ violinist, himself a bathetic version of divine harmony. Hogarth’s urban ‘soundscape’ reappears in James Clarence Mangan’s poem ‘Khidder’ (1845), which likewise brings the fate of Orpheus, rather than his power, into focus. The violence with which street singers are faced is evident in George Gissing’s The Nether World (1889), whose title indicates that Orpheus will descend in vain into the hell of the city.
The one-legged sailor and other heroes
Authors: Karlin Daniel
Published: December 2018

On the streets of Dublin a drunken navvy bawls out fragments of an Irish revolutionary ballad, and a crippled sailor growls out fragments of an English ballad about a crippled sailor, ‘The Death of Nelson’. These popular songs function, in James Joyce’s Ulysses, as mocking reminders of British rule. Nelson, in particular, the ‘onehandled adulterer’, fits the novel’s plot of sexual conquest and betrayal. Yet the wandering sailor’s associations reach to the deepest sources of the book: to Ulysses, to Sinbad, to Homer. (He also has a surprising ‘real-life’ origin in a one-legged Irish sailor who caused a disturbance in the royal box at Ascot in 1832.) His figure, and the song he sings, correspond to other ‘types’ in the novel, intricately doubled and bonded. In the final section of the novel devoted to Bloom, and in Molly’s concluding monologue, these threads of association are woven together.
Nations, States, and Conflict in Central Europe
Authors: Böhler Jochen
Published: December 2018

Chapter 1 describes the rise of nations in Central Europe, with an emphasis on developments in the tripartite Polish lands under German, Austrian, and Russian rule. Following a recent trend in historiography, it questions the nationalistic master narrative of “oppressive empires” in decline and “democratic nation states” on the rise. With the notable exception of armed insurrections and revolutions, in the long run their relation was one of negotiation rather than of antagonism. Between the Congress of Vienna and the outbreak of the Great War, the area witnessed a century of relative calm. Nevertheless, ethnic nationalism challenged the multinational imperial order. With the empires gone, from 1918 onwards, the new nation states of Central and Southeastern Europe divided their respective populations into titular nations versus minorities, thus defining who was part of the “national project,” and who was not. This exclusive nationalism led to ethnic conflict and war.
How to Mobilize the Polish Nation
Authors: Böhler Jochen
Published: December 2018

Chapter 2 highlights the fragmentation within Polish society in partition times, during the Great War, and in its after-battles. While the political left prior to 1914 prepared for armed struggle, the right preferred a tactic of “organic change.” During the Great War, genuine Polish military formations became the incarnation of Polish independence. But they formed on opposing sides of the frontline, and were, in terms of numbers, insignificant, while most Polish soldiers served as cannon fodder in the ranks of the imperial armies. Following independence in late 1918, most peasants—80 percent of the Polish-speaking population in Central Europe—mistrusted the “national project” and did not follow the call to arms voluntarily. The Polish Army from the start had to struggle with a serious shortage of soldiers, armament, and provisions. A functioning united national army and chain of command needed years to materialize.
Grammaticalization in the languages of Europe
Authors: Dahl Östen
Published: December 2018

The Eurocentric bias in most linguistic research makes it difficult to determine what is peculiar to grammaticalization in Europe. Typological profiles can be established, if not for Europe as a whole, at least for parts of it, in particular for what have been referred to as the ‘Standard Average European’ (SAE) languages. A small set of spreading grammaticalization processes have contributed significantly to the SAE profile. The chapter looks more closely at one of those processes—the rise of so-called ‘possessive perfects’, a development which has few close parallels outside Europe. As has been argued recently by other scholars, the link to possessive constructions is more problematic than has been assumed earlier. In connection with claims about the special nature of grammaticalization in East and Mainland Southeast Asia, some comparisons are made between that area and Europe, in support of the argument that the differences may be less radical than has been claimed.
Love and Marriage
Authors: Lipscomb Suzannah
Published: December 2018

Section 1 considers the Protestant Church’s idea of engagement, and compares it with the promises to marry made by ordinary people. It considers popular ideas about the role of gifts and ritual in the making of marriage, including sharing bread and wine, exchanging rings and other presents, and dowries. It exposes the gap between religious and popular ideas about what constituted a proper betrothal. It also examines how people chose whom to marry, and considers the role of parental consent, affection, and individual choice. Section 2 considers women and men wishing to break off engagements to marry. It examines the reasons why women chose not to proceed with marriage, focusing on gender ideals and men’s unsuitability as spouses, and then how women tried to use the consistory to enforce marriage promises, considering their chances of success and the evidence they required.
Sex
Authors: Lipscomb Suzannah
Published: December 2018

Section 1 considers sexual intercourse outside marriage, known as paillardise. Drawing on two hundred cases, it examines attitudes to sexual sin and the circumstances that aroused suspicion. It looks at the prevalence of sex after engagement, and how sex acted as a step in marriage formation, meaning women could be lured into sex by promises to marry. It also considers sex outside the context of promises to marry, and the cohabitation of unmarried couples. Section 2 considers over a hundred cases of sexual assault, many outside the legal contemporary definition of rape. It considers the identity of the predators, the circumstances of sexual abuse, the use of force and coercion, plus threats, promises, and persuasion. It also considers sexual assault in the context of conditional consent, the consequences of assault for women, and women’s strategies in the context of rape and abuse. It finishes by looking at false accusations.
Introduction
Authors: Innes Joanna , Philp Mark
Published: December 2018

The ancient word ‘democracy’ was given new meanings in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, in the Mediterranean region among others. It is a mistake to think of southern Europe as having come to democracy late: re-imagining of the term began in parallel with similar developments in France and the United States, and was associated with the development of representative government, operative in Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece by the 1860s. In the Ottoman world, concepts and practices were distinct, though there were some parallel elements. In this region, the process of re-imagining democracy took place in the course and in the aftermath of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, which radically reshaped both international political relationships and national political structures and cultures. In this context, ever more political actors gradually came to suppose that establishing some form of ‘democracy’ might provide a means of resolving crises of legitimacy.
Patris, Ethnos, and Demos
Authors: Sotiropoulos Michalis , Hadjikyriacou Antonis
Published: December 2018

Greeks had experience of representation and political participation under Ottoman rule. They were also exposed to shifting currents in European thought, in the context of the ‘Greek enlightenment’, study and commercial activity abroad, and revolutionary/Napoleonic conflicts. Both traditions shaped their behaviour when they designed republican institutions in the context of their war of independence from 1821. When they accepted a king from Bavaria as the price for international recognition in 1833, limits were set to their ability to shape their own destiny. Nonetheless, intellectuals continued to synthesize ideas about politics and government for local use, and constitutional revolution in 1843 established a formal context for participatory politics. ‘Democracy’ in Greek did service for both ‘republic’ and ‘democracy’, but, by the time a new revolution prompted a change in dynasty in 1864, the term was being used both to reflect on Greece’s problems and to outline possible solutions.
Liberalism and Democracy
Authors: Philp Mark , Posada-Carbó Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Liberalism was the most powerful emergent political ideology across early nineteenth-century southern Europe (this chapter does not deal with the Ottoman world). There was more support for ‘freedom’ and ‘liberal’ values than for ‘democracy’. Liberalism indeed initially aimed to realize some democratic aspirations, while averting the worst features of French revolutionary experience. Liberal revolutionaries of the 1820s advocated extensive political participation to support effective nation-building. But during the 1830s, the form of liberalism associated with the French Doctrinaires became ascendant; in this view, political skills were found only among people of ‘capacity’; the preferred form of representative government was one restricting political rights to higher taxpayers. Politically active people calling themselves ‘democrats’ (as became more common from this time) usually operated from within liberal ranks but were critical of narrow versions of this creed: the democratic cause gained new definition and point in this context.
Armed Forces
Authors: Bell David A.
Published: December 2018

Any general account of democracy in the period 1789–1860 must consider ideologies and practices relating to armed force. Early decades were overshadowed by massive and prolonged warfare, raising questions about the relationship between armies and soldiers, on the one hand, nation and citizenry, on the other. In the subsequent era of peace (or smaller wars), small professional armies were relatively more important—but they nonetheless sometimes incubated reformist political ideologies. They often identified themselves with the interests of the nation, while providing scope for the talented to rise to positions of leadership that they might not otherwise have attained. Napoleon Bonaparte continued to offer a role model—but with political implications that were at best ambiguous. While military coups before 1860 were often staged in defence of liberal or popular governments, a pattern was set by which they might crush these and pave the way for autocracy.
Introduction
Authors: Kounine Laura
Published: December 2018

This Introduction sets out the intentions of this book: to use the rich witch-trial records from the early modern duchy of Württemberg in south-western Germany to explore the central themes of emotions, gender, and selfhood. It provides an overview of the key historiographical debates on witchcraft persecutions in the early modern period, and suggests new questions that need to be asked. It also provides a methodological and theoretical framework in which to address these questions, and provides an overview of the current state of the field of the history of emotions, and, by drawing on psychological approaches to listening to self-narratives, it suggests ways in which historical studies of emotions can be pushed further by incorporating the body and subjective states. It also sets out the legal, political, and religious framework of the Lutheran duchy of Württemberg, in order to put the witch-hunts in this region into context.
Languages of defence
Authors: Kounine Laura
Published: December 2018

Studies seeking to understand the emotional and psychological dynamic of the witch-hunts have most often focused on why someone accused of witchcraft might confess to this crime. To understand how the witch was imagined in early modern culture and thought, we also need to pay attention to the many trials that did not end in a death sentence. The notion of resistance is thus crucial in understanding the crime of witchcraft. This chapter explores how men and women sought to defend themselves on trial, and how witnesses presented evidence. It argues that there were variegated and sometimes conflicting identifications in establishing someone as ‘good’ as opposed to ‘evil’, identifications which were inextricably bound to cultural understandings of gender, age, and social standing. Approached this way, understandings of what constituted witchcraft and the ‘witch’ appear far more contested and unstable than has previously been suggested.
Confession, conscience, and selfhood on trial
Authors: Kounine Laura
Published: December 2018

This chapter deals with the role of the self and conscience in defending oneself against the charge of witchcraft. To add depth to intellectual concepts—and teleologies—of the self, we must understand how the individual self was understood, felt, and experienced. Particularly for the crime of witchcraft, the crux of the trial was premised on the moral question of what kind of person would commit such a crime. Those on trial for witchcraft in the Lutheran duchy of Württemberg invoked the idioms of ‘mind’, ‘conscience’, ‘heart’, or ‘self’ in constructing their defence. Through four case studies, ranging from 1565 to 1678, this chapter examines the different ways in which people could conceptualize their person, and shows that change over time in the ‘development’ of the modern self was not a uniform or directly linear pattern.
Boundary Value Problems for the Lorentzian Dirac Operator
Authors: Bär Christian , Hannes Sebastian
Published: December 2018

On a compact globally hyperbolic Lorentzian spin manifold with smooth space-like Cauchy boundary, the (hyperbolic) Dirac operator is known to be Fredholm when Atiyah–Patodi–Singer boundary conditions are imposed. This chapter explores to what extent these boundary conditions can be replaced by more general ones and how the index then changes. There are some differences to the classical case of the elliptic Dirac operator on a Riemannian manifold with boundary.
Torsion of Elliptic Curves and Unlikely Intersections
Authors: Bogomolov Fedor , Fu Hang , Tschinkel Yuri
Published: December 2018

This chapter studies effective versions of unlikely intersections of images of torsion points of elliptic curves on the projective line.
Quantization of the Quantum Hitchin System and the Real Geometric Langlands Correspondence
Authors: Teschner Jörg
Published: December 2018

This chapter proposes a natural quantization condition for the Hitchin system and relate this to the generating function for the variety of opers within the Hitchin space of local systems. Links with the geometric Langlands programme are investigated.
Brauer Group of Moduli of Higgs Bundles and Connections
Authors: Baraglia David , Biswas Indranil , Schaposnik Laura P.
Published: December 2018

Given a compact Riemann surface X and a semi-simple affine algebraic group G defined over C, there are moduli spaces of Higgs bundles and of connections associated to (X, G). The chapter computes the Brauer group of the smooth locus of these varieties.
Classification of Boundary Lefschetz Fibrations over the Disc
Authors: Behrens Stefan , Cavalcanti Gil R. , Klaasse Ralph L.
Published: December 2018

This chapter shows that a 4-manifold admits a boundary Lefschetz fibration over the disc if and only if it is diffeomorphic to S1×S3#nCP¯2,#mCP2#nCP¯2 or #m(S2×S2). Given the relation between boundary Lefschetz fibrations and stable generalized complex structures, the chapter concludes that the 4-manifolds S1×S3#nCP¯2,#(2m+1)CP2#nCP¯2 and #(2m+1)S2×S2 admit stable generalized complex structures whose type change locus has a single component and are the only 4-manifolds whose stable structure arises from boundary Lefschetz fibrations over the disc.
SL(∞,ℝ), Higgs Bundles and Quantization
Authors: Biquard Olivier
Published: December 2018

Nigel Hitchin recently proposed a theory of SL(∞, R)-Higgs bundles which should parametrize a Hitchin component of representations of surface groups into SL(∞, R). This chapter discusses some properties and propose a formal approximation of SL(∞, R) representations by SL(n, R) representations in the large N limit, where n goes to infinity.
Various Generalizations and Deformations of PSL(2,ℝ) Surface Group Representations and their Higgs Bundles
Authors: Collier Brian
Published: December 2018

The goal of this chapter is to examine the various ways in which Fuchsian representations of the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus g into PSL(2, R) and their associated Higgs bundles generalize to the higher-rank groups PSL(n, R), PSp(2n, R), SO0(2, n), SO0(n,n+1) and PU(n, n). For the SO0(n,n+1)-character variety, it parameterises n(2g−2) new connected components as the total spaces of vector bundles over appropriate symmetric powers of the surface, and shows how these components deform in the character variety. This generalizes results of Hitchin for PSL(2, R).
Mixing Flows on Moduli Spaces of Flat Bundles over Surfaces
Authors: Forni Giovanni , Goldman William M.
Published: December 2018

This chapter extends Teichmüller dynamics to a flow on the total space of a flat bundle of deformation spaces of representations of the fundamental group of a fixed surface S in a Lie group G. The resulting dynamical system is a continuous version of the action of the mapping class group of S on the deformation space. It observes how ergodic properties of this action relate to this flow. When G is compact, this flow is strongly mixing over each component of the deformation space and of each stratum of the Teichmüller unit sphere bundle over the Riemann moduli space. It proves ergodicity for the analogous lift of the Weil–Petersson geodesic local flow.
Stable Betti Numbers of (Partial) Toroidal Compactifications of the Moduli Space of Abelian Varieties
Authors: Grushevsky Samuel , Hulek Klaus , Tommasi Orsola , Sikirić Mathieu Dutour
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents an algorithm for explicitly computing the number of generators of the stable cohomology algebra of any rationally smooth partial toroidal compactification of Ag, satisfying certain additivity and finiteness properties, in terms of the combinatorics of the corresponding toric fans. In particular, the algorithm determines the stable cohomology of the matroidal partial compactification, in terms of simple regular matroids that are irreducible with respect to the 1-sum operation, and their automorphism groups. The algorithm also applies to compute the stable Betti numbers in close to top degree for the perfect cone toroidal compactification. This suggests the existence of an algebra structure on the stable cohomology of the perfect cone compactification in close to top degree.
Parabolic Higgs Bundles for Real Reductive Lie Groups
Authors: Riera Ignasi Mundet i
Published: December 2018

This chapter explains the correspondence between local systems on a punctured Riemann surface with the structure group being a real reductive Lie group G, and parabolic G-Higgs bundles. The chapter describes the objects involved in this correspondence, taking some time to motivate them by recalling the definitions of G-Higgs bundles without parabolic structure and of parabolic vector bundles. Finally, it explains the relevant polystability condition and the correspondence between local systems and Higgs bundles.
An Explicit View of the Hitchin Fibration on the Betti Side for ℙ1 minus Five Points
Authors: Simpson Carlos T.
Published: December 2018

The dual complex of the divisor at infinity of the character variety of local systems on P1−{t1,…,t5} with monodromies in prescribed conjugacy classes Ci⊂SL2(C), was shown by Komyo to be the sphere S3. This chapter compares in some detail the projection from a tubular neighbourhood to this dual complex, with the corresponding Hitchin fibration at infinity.
Performing Epic and Reading Homer
Authors: Graziosi Barbara
Published: December 2018

There are two long-recognized obstacles to dramatic performances of epic. The first is scale and the second is portrayal of the gods. This chapter argues that both these features have been important for the definition of what literature is—i.e. what is characteristic of literature as opposed to the performing arts. The first section of the chapter offers a close reading of Aristotle, because he identified scale and the gods as issues that differentiate epic from tragedy, and because his Poetics was foundational for the later development of both literary criticism and performance studies. The second section of this chapter discusses the place of Homer in relation to both literature and the performing arts—by focusing again on scale and the gods, and the history of their reception. The final section considers Simon Armitage’s versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey for the theatre and for BBC Radio.
Encountering Homer through Greek Plays in Sixteenth-Century Europe
Authors: Pollard Tanya
Published: December 2018

Originally received as oral performances, Homer’s epics circulated in sixteenth-century Europe not only as printed literary texts, but also through performances of a different sort. This chapter argues that fifth-century Greek plays on Homeric material played a crucial role in shaping the epics’ early modern reception. In a phrase widely circulated in the sixteenth century, Aeschylus reportedly claimed that all of his tragedies were ‘slices from the great banquets of Homer’. Although Virgil and Ovid were more familiar vehicles for Homeric material, Greek plays made distinctive contributions to perceptions of Troy and its aftermath through their links with performance, and their status as models for dramatic genres. It is proposed that the versions of Homer transmitted through Greek plays had an important role in shaping not only early modern understandings of Homer, but also the development of the early modern popular stage.
A Harmless Distemper
Authors: Kean Margaret
Published: December 2018

This chapter considers how the epic underworld becomes accessible from the early modern London stage. It examines plays by Kyd, Dekker, and others, but the main focus is on Thomas Heywood’s The Silver Age (1613), where katabatic movement on stage successfully translocates the descent narratives of erudite classical poetry into popular dramatic performance. The Silver Age retells the myth of Proserpina’s abduction by Pluto but it reconfigures Ovid’s account to fit within an episodic drama based around the life story of the Theban hero, Hercules. Heywood’s play offers an unusually independent and sustained response to classical materials, and an additional literary interest in Statius will be proposed. The chapter also employs recent work by theatre historians to reflect on the collaborative nature of early modern dramatic production, and on the repertoire and specific skill-set developed at the Red Bull Playhouse in the early years of the Jacobean era.
‘Of the rage, sing Goddess’
Authors: Reynolds Margaret
Published: December 2018

The ‘anger of Achilles’ begins the Iliad and the whole of the Western literary canon. Opera often portrays anger, whether in the stile concitato of Monteverdi or the revenge duets of Verdi. But many of the early operas that feature Achilles are based on Statius’ Latin Achilleid, dealing with the days before Troy, when Thetis hid her son in female disguise on Scyros. La finta pazza (Venice 1641) tells a version of this story as does John Gay’s burlesque Achilles and Handel’s Deidamia. From Berlioz’s Les Troyens to Offenbach’s La Belle Hélène and Michael Tippett’s searing King Priam, Achilles continues to figure as a major operatic subject. This chapter looks at the musical impact of these depictions of the hero to show how the ‘anger of Achilles’ is as influential in operatic performance as it is in literature.
Introduction
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: December 2018

This chapter briefly outlines the main evidence that has been put forward in favour of the V2 hypothesis for Medieval Romance. It then gives a survey of the main developments in the study of Germanic V2, starting with seminal work in the 1970s and 1980s and outlining major empirical and theoretical developments which have taken place since. The chapter concludes by setting out the ‘Medieval Romance problem’ in need of resolution, namely the nature of microvariation or continuity between varieties, the status of V2 correlates in the null argument and clitic pronominal system and the diachronic development of V2.
The V2 syntax of Medieval Romance
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides a detailed presentation of the main data and arguments which have been proposed in favour of claiming that the Medieval Romance languages were V2 systems and considers data from Old French, Old Occitan, Old Italo-Romance varieties, Old Spanish, and Old Portuguese. It provides new qualitative and quantitative evidence to show the nature of the prefield, Germanic inversion, matrix/embedded asymmetries, and the precise types of verb-first and verb-third-or-greater orders provide new evidence in favour of the V2 hypothesis. It also suggests that the diachronic emergence of a V2 grammar is entirely plausible on the basis of the available data. The main objections to the V2 account proposed in the literature are evaluated and argued to face empirical and theoretical problems.
Rethinking Medieval Romance V2
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides a comprehensive formal account of the V2 property in Medieval Romance. A number of points of continuity between varieties are highlighted, which are linked to the presence of a verb-movement trigger on a low left-peripheral head in all varieties and an Edge Feature on a low left-peripheral head in all varieties except Sardinian. The second part of the chapter argues that variation between the Romance V2 systems can be captured under the idea that there are at least two types of V2, correlated with the height of the V2 bottleneck, which can either be on Force or on Fin. The chapter then presents a map of the clausal structure of Medieval Romance and a detailed account of the evolution of Romance clausal structure in Section 2.
Is Epistemology Autonomous?
Authors: Greco Daniel
Published: December 2018

It’s commonly held that the best metaethical account of our normative thought and language won’t place any significant constraints on our first-order normative theorizing; once we have the right metaethics, we can go on having the same first-order normative debates, and accepting the same first-order normative views. This thesis of the “autonomy of ethics” is particularly popular among writers in the expressivist tradition. This chapter argues, however, that broadly expressivist metanormative commitments have significant consequences in first-order normative epistemological debates. It begins with the example of judgment internalism—a thesis endorsed by expressivists, but many non-expressivists as well. While judgment internalism is generally seen as irrelevant to first-order ethical debates, it is argued here that it has significant consequences for some putatively “first-order” debates in epistemology. It is then argued that accepting more thoroughly expressivist metaepistemological commitments has more far-reaching epistemological consequences, focusing on the internalism/externalism debate.
Moral and Epistemic Error Theory
Authors: Olson Jonas
Published: December 2018

Many moral error theorists hold that moral facts are irreducibly normative. They also hold that irreducible normativity is metaphysically queer and conclude that there are no irreducibly normative reasons and consequently no moral facts. A popular response to moral error theory utilizes the so-called ‘companions in guilt’ strategy and argues that if moral reasons are irreducibly normative, then epistemic reasons are too. This is the Parity Premise, on the basis of which critics of moral error theory draw the Parity Conclusion that if there are no irreducibly normative reasons, there are no moral reasons and no epistemic reasons. From the Parity Conclusion and Epistemic Realism (the view that there are epistemic reasons), it follows that it is false that there are no irreducibly normative reasons. In this chapter, it is argued that the Parity Premise and the Parity Conclusion can both plausibly be rejected.
A Tale of Two Waters
Authors: Ginsberg Lauren Donovan
Published: December 2018

This chapter discusses the sharp distinction between the Flavian present and the Julio-Claudian past through an analysis of the pseudo-Senecan Octavia. Historical events no less than fiction provide scintillating material, especially the surviving historiographical accounts of Nero’s attempt to drown his mother Agrippina in the Bay of Naples and her subsequent murder which is poetically transformed in the variant versions of the tragedy in Martial 4.63 and the anonymous Octavia (309–76, 598–613): both exploit Nero’s reputation for attempting to control nature with aquatic engineering and a personified Campania’s loyalty to Agrippina rather than to her son. In the Octavia, the pathos of Agrippina struggling vainly against mountainous Campanian waves runs counter to Tacitus’ report of a calm sea, whereas Martial, who adheres to the historiographic account, cites the defiance of the waves in refusing to comply with the attempted murder.