bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O dēmos vai à guerra: tradução e comentário dos Fr. II e III FGE atribuídos a Simônides
Authors: Brose Robert De
Published: November 2015

No presente artigo irei traduzir e comentar os Fragmentos II e III FGE, atribuídos a Simônides de Ceos. A partir da análise do texto, do contexto histórico e das evidências textuais, irei argumentar que os dois epigramas referem-se a um mesmo evento, a saber, a Batalha da Calcídia de c. 507/6 a.C., sendo que o II FGE refere-se aos atenienses mortos em combate e, provavelmente, fazia parte de uma monumento colocado in situ, no local da vitória, ou em um mnēma na cidade de Atenas, ao passo que o outro epigrama, que apresenta uma continuidade temática com o II FGE, fazia parte de um monumento dedicado à vitória sobre os beócios na batalha supracitada.
Dario Fo e o mito de Dédalo e Ícaro
Authors: Caprara Loredana De Stauber
Published: November 2015

Após um rápido esboço de sua trajetória teatral, é apresentada a peça de Dario Fo Dédalo e Ícaro, onde, através de uma leitura pessoal do mito clássico, o autor/ator expressa sua decepção diante do cenário político de seu país.
O sacrifício (Ésquilo, Agamêmnon 184–257)
Authors: Torrano JAA
Published: November 2015

Tradução: Ésquilo, Agamêmnon 184-257
O coro aconselha a cidade (Aristófanes, As Rãs 686–737)
Authors: Prado Ana Lia Amaral de Almeida
Published: November 2015

Tradução: Aristófanes, As Rãs, 686-737
O livro de Catulo
Authors: Santos Marcos Martinho dos
Published: November 2015

OLIVA NETO, João Angelo. O livro de Catulo. Edição bilíngue. São paulo: Edusp, 1996.
Fato, mito e razão na composição dramática da pretexta Otávia
Authors: Coradini Heitor
Published: November 2015

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a construção da tragédia histórica praetexta Octavia de Sêneca (ou Pseudo-Sêneca) em três aspectos: Primeiramente, o fato histórico, que constitui a infra-estrutura do enredo e que, elaborado poeticamente, determina a estrutura dramática e literária. Depois, o mito que, vivenciado pelos personagens, interage como forma interpretativa de seus pensamentos e emoções e realça a tragicidade do enredo. Finalmente, a razão que, em postura avançada, critica o mito em seu componente obsoleto,  o eros em forma exclusiva de libido e o poder em sua face absoluta. Assim, fato, mito e razão se entrelaçam na obra, conferindo-lhe desempenho estrutural, funcional e ideológico.
Prefrontal Goal Codes Emerge as Latent States in Probabilistic Value Learning
Authors: Stoianov Ivilin , Genovesio Aldo , Pezzulo Giovanni
Published: November 2015

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports goal-directed actions and exerts cognitive control over behavior, but the underlying coding and mechanism are heavily debated. We present evidence for the role of goal coding in PFC from two converging perspectives: computational modeling and neuronal-level analysis of monkey data. We show that neural representations of prospective goals emerge by combining a categorization process that extracts relevant behavioral abstractions from the input data and a reward-driven process that selects candidate categories depending on their adaptive value; both forms of learning have a plausible neural implementation in PFC. Our analyses demonstrate a fundamental principle: goal coding represents an efficient solution to cognitive control problems, analogous to efficient coding principles in other (e.g., visual) brain areas. The novel analytical–computational approach is of general interest because it applies to a variety of neurophysiological studies.
Protecting Syrian Refugees: Laws, Policies, and Global Responsibility Sharing
Authors: Akram Susan M. , Bidinger Sarah , Lang Aaron , Hites Danielle , Kuzmova Yoana , Noureddine Elena
Published: November 2015

This article provides an excerpt of a report that maps out how the Syrian refugee crisis is being played out in four of the main states hosting the refugees, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Turkey. This excerpt focuses on the laws and policies in the host states and how they are creating particularly devastating consequences for Palestinian refugees. The excerpt sets out the Report’s conclusions and recommendations, primarily the call for a global Comprehensive Plan of Action (cpa), with various components within and outside the Middle East region that build on existing legal obligations to better allocate responsibility for the refugee population and lift the overwhelming and unsustainable burden from the current frontline host states. The conclusions and recommendations combine legal and policy measures that would allow close the Palestinian refugee ‘protection gap,’ stem the phenomenon of trafficking and disasters-at-sea, prevent further fallout of the Syrian humanitarian crisis, and create incentive amongst the larger community of states to intervene to end the regional conflict.
What is Policy Research For? Reflections on the United States’ Failures in Syria
Authors: Hamid Shadi
Published: November 2015

Debates over the Syrian civil war and the role of u.s. policy have brought into sharp relief the dilemmas of policy research. When the basic thrust of policy seems immovable irrespective of events on the ground, how should researchers respond? Should influencing policy be the animating objective of policy research? Who exactly should our work be directed to? This article considers the evolution of the Obama administration’s u.s.-Syria policy and what it has meant for those of us in the policy community who (apparently futilely) wrote in favor of a fundamentally different course of action. Two approaches to policy research are discussed in detail as they relate to Syria. The first is to accept the narrow constraints of policymaking and tailor one’s recommendations accordingly. The second is to not accept “reality” as a given and to write about what should happen, however unlikely it might be. In the second approach, the priority is on shaping public debate as well as influencing internal dynamics within government, rather than on tangible policy outcomes.
Research and Policy Making: Fields Apart in a Complex World?
Authors: Aguirre Mariano
Published: November 2015

The debate about how to influence policy and how useful policy is for decision-makers is related to the evolution, dynamics and interaction among ways to do politics; the role of the state; the role of different social and political actors; the relationship between public and private approaches to academia; and the influence of communications technologies. These are the actors and factors that operate in the complex reality of international politics. The speed of modern politics and the role of media pundits work against the long-term academic perspective. Fastness and complexity, superficiality and deepness compete in the policy-making field creating gaps, revolving doors and competition.
Adiantum × ailaoshanense (Pteridaceae), a new natural hybrid from Yunnan, China
Authors: Wang Ying , SHANG HUI , ZHOU XI-LE , ZHAO GUO-HUA , DAI XI-LING , YAN YUE-HONG
Published: November 2015

Adiantum × ailaoshanense Y.H.Yan & Y.Wang, a new natural hybrid that belongs to Pteridaceae, is described and illustrated. Molecular studies show that A. × ailaoshanense arose from a hybridization between the maternal A. sinicum and the paternal A. menglianense. In this report, the morphology, palynology, and geographic distribution of A. × ailaoshanense are documented.
A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield
Authors: FOUQUET Antoine , ORRICO VICTOR GOYANNES DILL , ERNST RAFFAEL , BLANC MICHEL , MARTINEZ QUENTIN , VACHER JEAN-PIERRE , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT , OUBOTER PAUL , JAIRAM RAWIEN , RON SANTIAGO
Published: November 2015

Many Amazonian frog species that are considered widely distributed may actually represent polyspecific complexes.. A minute tree frog from the Guiana Shield originally assigned to the allegedly widely distributed Dendropsophus brevifrons proved to be a yet undescribed species within the D. parviceps group. We herein describe this new species and present a phylogeny for the D. parviceps group. The new species is diagnosed from other Dendropsophus of the parviceps group by its small body size (19.6–21.7 mm in males, 22.1–24.5 mm in females), thighs dorsally dark grey with cream blotches without bright yellow patch, absence of dorsolateral and canthal stripe, and an advertisement call comprising trills (length 0.30–0.35 s) composed of notes emitted at a rate of 131–144 notes/s, generally followed by click series of 2–3 notes. Its tadpole is also singular by having fused lateral marginal papillae and absence of both labial teeth and submarginal papillae. Genetic distances (p-distance) are >5.3% on the 12S and >9.3% on the 16S from D. brevifrons, its closest relative. This species occurs from the Brazilian state of Amapá, across French Guiana and Suriname to central Guyana and is likely to also occur in adjacent Brazilian states and eastern Venezuela. This species is not rare but is difficult to collect because of its arboreal habits and seasonal activity peaks.
The first longhorned beetle record for the Prepuna in the Bolivian Andes and Potosi Department in Bolivia: a new species of Dirocoremia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Rhopalophorini)
Authors: PERGER ROBERT , GUERRA FERNANDO
Published: November 2015

Compared to other Bolivian ecoregions, the Prepuna and Puna in the Bolivian highlands are distinguished by low precipitation and low biological diversity. These factors have likely contributed to the perception that the Prepuna and Puna are less interesting for entomological studies, and reports of longhorned beetles from these regions remain scarce. Here, the first longhorned beetle record for the Bolivian Prepuna and Potosi Department is reported, an unknown species of Dirocoremia Marques, 1994. Dirocoremia tupizai sp. n. can be distinguished from congeners by its dark-brown to black metatibiae with short and sparse subapical brushes of hairs.
Why is the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Not “Well Mixed”?
Authors: Kepert Jeffrey D. , Schwendike Juliane , Ramsay Hamish
Published: November 2015

Plausible diagnostics for the top of the tropical cyclone boundary layer include (i) the top of the layer of strong frictional inflow and (ii) the top of the “well mixed” layer, that is, the layer over which potential temperature θ is approximately constant. Observations show that these two candidate definitions give markedly different results in practice, with the inflow layer being roughly twice the depth of the layer of nearly constant θ. Here, the authors will present an analysis of the thermodynamics of the tropical cyclone boundary layer derived from an axisymmetric model. The authors show that the marked dry static stability in the upper part of the inflow layer is due largely to diabatic effects. The radial wind varies strongly with height and, therefore, so does radial advection of θ. This process also stabilizes the boundary layer but to a lesser degree than diabatic effects. The authors also show that this differential radial advection contributes to the observed superadiabatic layer adjacent to the ocean surface, where the vertical gradient of the radial wind is reversed, but that the main cause of this unstable layer is heating from turbulent dissipation. The top of the well-mixed layer is thus distinct from the top of the boundary layer in tropical cyclones. The top of the inflow layer is a better proxy for the top of the boundary layer but is not without limitations. These results may have implications for boundary layer parameterizations that diagnose the boundary layer depth from thermodynamic, or partly thermodynamic, criteria.
Eddy–Wind Interaction in the California Current System: Dynamics and Impacts
Authors: Seo Hyodae , Miller Arthur J. , Norris Joel R.
Published: November 2015

The summertime California Current System (CCS) is characterized by energetic mesoscale eddies, whose sea surface temperature (SST) and surface current can significantly modify the wind stress and Ekman pumping. Relative importance of the eddy–wind interactions via SST and surface current in the CCS is examined using a high-resolution (7 km) regional coupled model with a novel coupling approach to isolate the small-scale air–sea coupling by SST and surface current. Results show that when the eddy-induced surface current is allowed to modify the wind stress, the spatially averaged surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is reduced by 42%, and this is primarily due to enhanced surface eddy drag and reduced wind energy transfer. In contrast, the eddy-induced SST–wind coupling has no significant impact on the EKE. Furthermore, eddy-induced SST and surface current modify the Ekman pumping via their crosswind SST gradient and surface vorticity gradient, respectively. The resultant magnitudes of the Ekman pumping velocity are comparable, but the implied feedback effects on the eddy statistics are different. The surface current-induced Ekman pumping mainly attenuates the amplitude of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, acting to reduce the eddy activity, while the SST-induced Ekman pumping primarily affects the propagation. Time mean–rectified change in SST is determined by the altered offshore temperature advection by the mean and eddy currents, but the magnitude of the mean SST change is greater with the eddy-induced current effect. The demonstrated remarkably strong dynamical response in the CCS system to the eddy-induced current–wind coupling indicates that eddy-induced current should play an important role in the regional coupled ocean–atmosphere system.
Fecal Transplantation Successfully Treats Recurrent D‐Lactic Acidosis in a Child With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Davidovics Zev H. , Vance Katherine , Etienne Nancy , Hyams Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2015

D‐lactic acidosis can occur in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) when excessive malabsorbed carbohydrate (CHO) enters the colon and is metabolized by colonic bacteria to D‐lactate. D‐lactate can be absorbed systemically, and increased serum levels are associated with central nervous system toxicity manifested by confusion, ataxia, and slurred speech. Current therapy, usually directed toward suppressing intestinal bacterial overgrowth and limiting ingested CHO, is not always successful. Fecal transplantation, the infusion of donor feces into a recipient's intestinal tract, has been used for decades to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and case reports document its use in the successful treatment of constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is surmised that the alteration of the intestinal microbiome, as well as the reintroduction of potential beneficial microbes, helps mediate disease. Here we present the case of a child with SBS and recurrent, debilitating D‐lactic acidosis, which was successfully treated with fecal transplantation.
Complete genome sequence and characterization of the haloacid–degrading Burkholderia caribensis MBA4
Authors: Pan Yanling , Kong Ka Fai , Tsang Jimmy S. H.
Published: November 2015

Burkholderia caribensis MBA4 was isolated from soil for its capability to grow on haloacids. This bacterium has a genome size of 9,482,704 bp. Here we report the genome sequences and annotation, together with characteristics of the genome. The complete genome sequence consists of three replicons, comprising 9056 protein-coding genes and 80 RNA genes. Genes responsible for dehalogenation and uptake of haloacids were arranged as an operon. While dehalogenation of haloacetate would produce glycolate, three glycolate operons were identified. Two of these operons contain an upstream glcC regulator gene. It is likely that the expression of one of these operons is responsive to haloacetate. Genes responsible for the metabolism of dehalogenation product of halopropionate were also identified.
Genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM1253; a microsymbiont of Ornithopus compressus from the Greek Island of Sifnos
Authors: Tiwari Ravi , Howieson John , Yates Ron , Tian Rui , Held Britanny , Tapia Roxanne , Han Cliff , Seshadri Rekha , Reddy T. B. K. , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Woyke Tanja , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne
Published: November 2015

Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM1253 is a novel N2-fixing bacterium isolated from a root nodule of the herbaceous annual legume Ornithopus compressus that was growing on the Greek Island of Sifnos. WSM1253 emerged as a strain of interest in an Australian program that was selecting inoculant quality bradyrhizobial strains for inoculation of Mediterranean species of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius, L. princei, L. atlanticus, L. pilosus). In this report we describe, for the first time, the genome sequence information and annotation of this legume microsymbiont. The 8,719,808 bp genome has a G + C content of 63.09 % with 71 contigs arranged into two scaffolds. The assembled genome contains 8,432 protein-coding genes, 66 RNA genes and a single rRNA operon. This improved-high-quality draft rhizobial genome is one of 20 sequenced through a DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Project.
Without a Minority/Identity Framework
Authors: Matte Nicholas
Published: November 2015

This article looks at the Sexual Representation Collection (SRC) at the University of Toronto's Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies to demonstrate some of the ways that trans materials can be archived and made accessible without using a trans-centric, queer, LGBT, gay, or gay and lesbian framework. The fact that the collection is part of an undergraduate and graduate research and teaching center positions it to critically engage with elements of trans positivity, trans tokenization, trans marginalization, and outright transphobia or cis-sexism that appear in a varied archival collection. This article looks at both materials in the collection and at its 2014 exhibition Archiving Public Sex, which used SRC materials for public programming. It highlights critical advantages to the SRC's approach to trans materials but also showcases the limits of this approach, particularly with regard to what can be achieved in terms of trans visibility and general awareness.
Transtextuality (Senate Bill 48)
Authors: Besser Kelly
Published: November 2015

Katie Herzog's Transtextuality (Senate Bill 48) is a collection of paintings that functions as a record of transgender history. Herzog's portraits of trans people of letters point to the work we must perform to create documentation of our communities when no trace of our existence shows up in the archives. Her project engages the transformative educational potential of the archives to record, remember, and reinvent our trans histories while it builds imaginings of future articulations of our records.
Archiving the Wonders of Testosterone Via YouTube
Authors: Raun Tobias
Published: November 2015

The article engages with trans male video blogs on YouTube, framing them as living archives that offer unique opportunities to access and share embodied trans knowledges—which have previously been limited or inaccessible—such as information about and visual accounts of medical transitioning processes. It is argued that archiving one's transition works through a kind of performative documentation, partly documenting and partly instantiating the transformation by tracking and tracing the bodily changes. Testosterone figures as the transformative technology, while the upper body becomes the privileged site of self-fashioning. YouTube hereby offers an alternative and empowering archive of how trans male bodies could look, while its cumulative effects also play a significant role in determining how they should look.
Current approaches to studying membrane organization
Authors: van Zanten Thomas S. , Mayor Satyajit
Published: November 2015

The local structure and composition of the outer membrane of an animal cell are important factors in the control of many membrane processes and mechanisms. These include signaling, sorting, and exo- and endocytic processes that are occurring all the time in a living cell. Paradoxically, not only are the local structure and composition of the membrane matters of much debate and discussion, the mechanisms that govern its genesis remain highly controversial. Here, we discuss a swathe of new technological advances that may be applied to understand the local structure and composition of the membrane of a living cell from the molecular scale to the scale of the whole membrane.
METHODICAL BASIS OF INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF GRAIN PRODUCTS SYSTEMS
Authors: Захарова  , Zakharova Galina , Амирова  , Amirova Elmira
Published: November 2015

The article deals with theoretical aspects of methodological approaches of formation and development of the national grain products complex, taking into account the impact of external factors. The paper presents different points of view on the essence of the concept of “institutional and economic mechanism”.
FEATURES OF THE ANALYSIS FOR MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING
Authors: Фасхутдинова  , Faskhutdinova Milyausha , Садриева  , Sadrieva Elvira
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the essence of the analysis, required for management decision-making in the enterprise. Management analysis is the observation of the dynamics of the internal and external changes, that will respond quickly to changing external and internal factors and adjust the irrelevant goals and strategies, forecast the situation for the future. On the one hand, the management analysis can be a type of economic analysis and, on the other hand, it can be integrated with management accounting and is designed to provide the information needs of administration in the analytical information for management decision-making. The The statement, organization and content of the information of management accounting and analysis is individual for each enterprise, unlike financial accounting and financial analysis.
SOFTWARE OF MODELLING OF AGRICULTURAL PARAMETERS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC EVENTS
Authors: Иваньо  , Ivano Yaroslav , Бендик  , Bendik Nadezhda
Published: November 2015

The article is considered the developed software of Informatics and mathematical modelling Department of Irkutsk State Agricultural Unievrsity. The scheme of software tools interaction is designed to optimize their performance. Software systems are grouped on the basis of three groups. The first group of software includes software systems: “Regional agriculture cluster”, “Optimization of land resources usage” and “Environmental and mathematical modeling of food production”. It allows to plan the production of agricultural products. The second group is selected on the basis of the planning of agricultural production, taking into account natural, technogenic events and its combinations. This group includes the following software packages: “Drought’, “Natural disasters”, “Unusual occurrence and technogenic events”. The third group is focused on yield planning in a timely crop sowing. The group includes software package: “Simulation of crops bio-productivity” and information system “Predicting the time of technological operations and planning”. These developed group of software tools combined in software and hardware management of agricultural production on the basis of the data warehouse and knowledge. The basis of hardware and software management of agricultural production is the back end, which includes data storage, workstations management system and communication system with navigation devices. The above-mentioned software groups act as a client application.
DETERMINING THE LIST OF FACTORS, CHARACTERIZING THE TERMS OF TRACTORS OPERATION
Authors: Галиев  , Galiev Ilgiz , Хусаинов  , Khusainov Rail
Published: November 2015

An increase of efficient use of tractors in various conditions of their usage is based on establishment the laws of performance change and reliability indices of tractors on the level of resources consumption, taking into account the technique state. In this connection, the objective is: the establishment of laws of dynamic loads influence on the resource consumption intensity of the units and systems of tractors in various operating terms during the performance of manufacturing operations.
METHODS OF COMPLEX EXPERIMENT OF DETERMINING THE DEPENDENCE OF THE TRACTOR PROPELLER PRESSURE ON THE SOIL ACCORDING TO THE TRACTOR’S PARAMETERS, PROPELLER AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL
Authors: Хафизов  , Khafizov Ramil
Published: November 2015

The article introduces the technique of experimental determination the dependence of tractor’s propeller pressure on the soil according to the parameters of a tractor, propeller and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The objects of field research (tractors MTZ-320 and MTZ-82) were justified, the plan - matrix of multifactor experiments was made up, the limits of factors variation (similarity criterion) in dimension and dimensionless forms were revealed, the standards for experiments were displayed, the choice of sensors and equipment for experiments was founded, the terms of calibration of pressure load cells were proved.
POTATO PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF RIPENESS, DEPENDING ON METHODS OF AGRO-MACHINERY CULTIVATION ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA STEPPE
Authors: Чекмарев  , Chekmarev Petr , Гареев  , Gareev Ilgiz , Владимиров  , Vladimirov Vladimir
Published: November 2015

Realization of the potential yield of potatoes at the level of 30-40 t / ha of tubers in a forest of the Middle Volga is only possible when using high-yielding varieties for planting, as well as science-based agricultural technology of their cultivation. We examined the role of area and balance of mineral nutrition in the formation of the potato harvest of two maturity groups: early maturing Vineta and medium-maturing Kurazh on gray forest soils. In the course of our research we found that these varieties are highly productive and to create optimal conditions for the background and the area of power plants in the Middle Volga steppe realizes its potential productivity. The possibility of producing tuber crop varieties was determined: Vineta 30-35 ton per hectare, Courage - 35-40 tons per hectart.
EUROPEAN ASH (FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR) IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov Nikolay
Published: November 2015

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in the Republic of Tatarstan is located on the eastern boundary of its natural range. It occurs only in the Volga refion in the forest-steppe zone. It nearly fell from the stands after a cold winter of 1978/79. The recovery of ash is due to ash undergrowth, preserved under the snow, and through the establishment of forest plantations. The article presents data on the current state of ash stands in Tatarstan as an example of data of natural sanctuary “Tarkhanovskie oaks”.
MANAGEMENT OF POTATO PRODUCTIVITY WITH THE USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE AREA OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA
Authors: Чекмарев  , Chekmarev Petr , Мостякова  , Mostyakova Antonina , Владимиров  , Vladimirov Vladimir
Published: November 2015

The study of growth regulators efficiency in the cultivation of early-maturing potato of Red Scarlett variety was conducted on gray forest soil of Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan. The reaction of the new early maturing potato of Red Scarlett variety was examined, when assessing ways to use drugs Silk and Albit (soaking seed tubers, foliage cultivation, combined processing (tuber + foliage twice).

It was found, that the use of growth regulators of Silk for the treatment of tubers before planting, depending on the nutrition background, increased the productivity tubers to 2.33 – 3.32 tons per hectare, Albit drug application increased the harvest to 1.55-1.70 tons per hectare. Foliar treatment by Silk twice during the growing season has increased the yield by 3.31-4.05 tons per hectare, by Albit by 2.30-3.16 tons per hectare. When complete machining (tubers + tops) respectively by 5.18-7.16 and 4.16-5.20 tons per hectare. The most efficient option was at the processing of tubers + twice vegetative plant with growth regulator Silk in the background of calculated dozes applicant, rated on the tuber yield of 30 tons per hectare, when yield increase was 7.16 tons per hectare.
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS OF YAKOV VARIETY, DEPENDING ON PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS AND SEEDING RATES
Authors: Колесникова  , Kolesnikova Vera , Фатыхов  , Fatykhov Ildus , Захаров  , Zakharov Kirill
Published: November 2015

The effect of pre-sowing treatment and standards of their seeding rates on the productivity of oats of Yakov breed was established on the basis of results of two years of research on the sod-medium medium-loamy soils of the Middle Urals. The efficacy of pre-sowing seeds treatment with drugs Lamador, Planriz, Vial TrasT, ZhUSS was proved by increasing the productivity to 0.14-0.30 tons per hectare. The optimal seeding rate for oats of Yakov breed is 5 million pieces of seeds per hectare in the Middle Urals. We revealed the direct close correlation of Yakov oats productivity with inflorescence productivity (r = 0.84), with the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.82), with plant height (r = 0.81) and with the kind of grain (r = 0.80).
SOME ASPECTS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE BEET-SUGAR INDUSTRY
Authors: Юнусов  , Yunusov Rauf
Published: November 2015

The breeding and genetic potential of sugar beet productivity in the forest-steppe of the Volga region was disclosed, the possibility of conducting beet growing in northern regions was revealed. The role of Russian breeding seeds was assigned in increase of sugar beet production. Some measures to restore of seed production of sugar beet in the Republic of Tatarstan were proposed.
Implementing an e-Assessment of Professional Practice
Authors: Morgan Pauline , Dyer Chloë
Published: November 2015

The ability to accurately document undergraduate student nurses' development while in the clinical area is a requirement of the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Owing to a number of strategic and pragmatic drivers, the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Southampton has developed and implemented an e-Assessment of Professional Practice (eAoPP). This platform enables the student, mentor and academic staff to access the portfolio from any internet enabled device and has been rolled out in phases over 2 years to more than 5000 students and mentors. The key factors underpinning the success of the project are presented along with an audit and preliminary analysis of support service activity provided during the roll out to 380 students in January 2015 across Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Plans for future development, including employability and roll out to other student groups are discussed.
Clinical holding with children who display behaviours that challenge
Authors: Page Andrea , McDonnell Andrew , Gayson Charlotte , Moss Fiona , Mohammed Needa , Smith Claire , Vanes Nicola
Published: November 2015

Nurses hold children to administer treatment, prevent treatment interference and undertake clinical assessments, which can sometimes be invasive, as part of their regular duties. Clinical holding ensures this treatment or assessment is carried out safely, however, it has been reported that there is little training available in this area. This article explores the prevalent clinical holding techniques used by nursing staff when caring for children with behaviours that challenge. As an initial insight into what the researchers hope will become a more in-depth 2-year study, this investigation looks to explore current practice when holding children and the factors influencing this. It is hoped that this will inform the development of a training package offered to nurses when caring for these children. Thirteen semi-structured interviews took place with a small group of nurses, which were given thematic analysis. The overarching themes influencing holding practice were the nursing role itself along with intrinsic and external factors.
Essex and Herts Air Ambulance: a focused case series for pre-hospital practice Case 3: a femoral shaft fracture
Authors: Webb Tim , Ley Erica , Chesters Adam
Published: November 2015

The femur is the longest bone in the human body and is surrounded by a dense and vascular cylindrical sheath of soft tissue. Femoral fractures are often the result of high-energy traumatic injuries and result in pain, blood loss and immobility of the affected leg. General principles of acute management include analgesia, assessment of the patient for associated injuries and restoration of anatomical alignment of the leg. Assessment and documentation of the neurovascular function in the foot distal to the fracture is essential. Haemorrhage from a femoral fracture can be extensive, even more so if the fracture is open. Control of further blood loss and attention to the patient's cardiovascular status is mandatory.

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who was involved in a pedestrian-versus-car incident and sustained an isolated right femoral fracture. Scene and patient assessment are discussed along with early management principles including analgesia and traction. We also discuss where an extended care service such as a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) may be of assistance
Palliative emergencies in the pre-hospital setting
Authors: Parkinson Martin
Published: November 2015

Objective: To provide a narrative on the most common palliative emergency situations that requires the attendance of a paramedic. This narrative looks specifically at pain, seizures and breathlessness, and critiques the underpinning evidence supporting their treatment and protocols.

Discussion: Pain—the presence of pain in palliative care is highly prevalent with up to 70% of patients living in a permanent painful state. Clinician-led pain assessment has been shown to underestimate the patient's pain by as much as 60–68% and none of the assessment tools used are fully inclusive. Further research is needed to formulate an assessment tool that recognises palliative pain as a progressive disorder requiring constant assessment.

Seizures—Seizures occur as either a result of disease progression or as a side effect of medications. Studies have shown that intramuscular midazolam is more effective than intravenous lorazepam, which is itself more effective than intravenous diazepam. The ease of administration of intramuscular and buccal midazolam for out-of-hospital use should make midazolam the first-line treatment for palliative care patients that suffer from seizures. The implication for future paramedic practice highlighted from these studies is the need for more research in the treatment of palliative patients with seizures.

Breathlessness—Cold facial stimulation has been shown to be very effective as a non-pharmacological treatment for breathlessness. Opioids help to relax the patient which aid in regulating breathing patterns although a consensus on the route of administration which provides the best possible effect is yet to be reached. The evidence base for the use of anxiolytics is weak and some studies have shown no beneficial effect to their use. Although anxiolytics are effective in reducing anxiety their effectiveness in helping breathlessness in palliative patients is questionable. Home oxygen should be adopted as a first line treatment according to experts working in end-of-life care, and treatment of oxygen should not be delayed by waiting for results of other trials for other treatments.
Student paramedics' perceptions of action learning: a mixed-method study
Authors: Willis Sam
Published: November 2015

Paramedic education programmes must draw upon a wide range of teaching, learning and assessment techniques in order to ensure that graduating students possess the necessary skills and qualities for their profession ( Quality Assurance Agency (QAA), 2013 ). Theory and practice must come together as part of a reflective learning process at a number of points within the education cycle, in order to identify crucial learning points, and areas for self-improvement from the practice setting. One way of achieving this is via action learning (AL).

This small-scale study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate whether or not student paramedics from a UK university, as participants within action learning sets (ALS), felt that that they were a useful educational tool to use within a Foundation Degree in Paramedic Science.

Students reported many benefits to their educational experience having participated in ALS, including developments in personal, academic and professional areas. The research also showed how the AL process could be improved in areas such as AL induction, providing AL members with team working skills as well as supporting students with communication and leadership challenges during ALS.
‘I firmly believe that we have had another year of excellent progress’
Authors: Newton Andy
Published: November 2015

As 2014 draws to a close, Andy Newton, chair, College of Paramedics, looks at another notable year for the profession, commenting on the developments arising from the Urgent and Emergency Care Review, progress that is being made in paramedic independent prescribing, and the need for the College to develop a Clinical Advisory Committee.
Paramedic Pathfinder: is it really better than current practice?
Authors: Goulding James
Published: November 2015

Following the recent publication of an article on the Paramedic Pathfinder in the Emergency Medicine Journal, James Goulding argues that rather than highlighting a step forward for the paramedic profession, it serves as an indication that there needs to be more rigorous research before a change in current methods can be recommended.
Pre-hospital assessment and treatment of meningococcal meningitis
Authors: Valenti Poppy
Published: November 2015

This article highlights ambiguities in current UK ambulance clinical guidelines for meningococcal meningitis and presents a discussion of the difficulty of diagnosing and treating the condition within a pre-hospital context. It recommends the development of a meningitis diagnostics scale in order to aid ambulance clinicians with a thorough patient assessment and to determine when treatment should be initiated. It suggests additionally that there should be further research into the benefits or detrimental effects of pre-hospital antibiotic treatment and adjunctive treatments, and whether non-penicillin antibiotics should start to be considered as the primary course of treatment for the UK ambulance service in relation to a world-wide increase in penicillin-resistant strains of meningococcal meningitis.
A review of the challenges and solutions during paramedic endotracheal intubation
Authors: Edwards Tim
Published: November 2015

This evaluation of pre-hospital airway management within King County, Washington linked prospective airway management registry data with Emergency Medical Service (EMS) records to review challenges and solutions associated with paramedic endotracheal intubation (ETI) in patients aged >12 years during 2006–2011.
The use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) with burn injury in the pre-hospital setting—the clear facts
Authors: Bourke Patrick M , Dunn Ken W
Published: November 2015

Responding to burn patients within the pre-hospital setting, ‘stop the burning process, cool the burn injury, assess and then cover’ is the recommended management procedure included in the standard trauma protocol pathway, endorsed by international burn associations throughout the world. However, the introduction of the use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) in the pre-hospital setting continues to generate considerable confusion among emergency medical and rescue practitioners responding to burn-injured patients. The use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm) does have a supportive role in burn injury management—just not in the immediate phase of emergency burn care.

This paper provides an overview of the clinically-evidenced pathway for the potential use of polyvinyl chloride film (clingfilm), as advocated by leading international emergency burn care and trauma associations.
The College of Paramedics National Conference: time for reflection—where to next?
Authors: Berry Martin
Published: November 2015

2014 saw the first national conference organised solely by the College of Paramedics. Martin Berry, executive officer, College of Paramedics, reflects on the event and considers the possibility of it becoming a regular date for your diary.
Considering the implications of changing ambulance response time targets
Authors: Gregory Pete , Flaherty Martin
Published: November 2015

A document leaked on 21 December outlining proposals to change the response times for some Red 2 patients caused notable sensationalism within the national media. Pete Gregory looks at some of the concerns raised by the document, while Martin Flaherty provides a response on behalf of the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives.
World Stroke Day highlights continuing need for rapid assessment and transport of stroke patients by paramedics
Authors: McClelland Graham
Published: November 2015

This year's World Stroke Day, held on 29 October, illustrated the increased risk of stroke for women compared to men. Graham McClelland provides a background to the condition and the role paramedics play in the stroke patient's journey, emphasising the importance of pre-hospital stroke research in improving outcomes.
Introducing the interim executive director of the College of Paramedics
Authors: Egan Gerry
Published: November 2015

Gerry Egan, interim executive director, College of Paramedics, outlines some of his key objectives for the College in ensuring it continues to grow and meet the expectations of its members.
The NHS oil tanker: heading towards a new horizon for urgent and emergency care
Authors: Pillin Hilary
Published: November 2015

Paramedics have a key role to play in reducing current pressures on NHS services and providing patients with better care within a more sustainable NHS system. Hilary Pillin looks at some of the current transformations in urgent and emergency care delivery and illustrates how these new initiatives highlight a slowly changing culture in the NHS.
A review of a self-diagnosed diabetic case study
Authors: Sheridan Samantha
Published: November 2015

This paper reflects on a case of a 26-year-old male taking medication for undiagnosed diabetes. The patient is resident in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and while Federal Law does not place the same focus on patient confidentiality as UK law, all patient identifiable information has been anonymised in line with the Principles of Caldicott ( Department of Health, 1997 ) and has received ethical approval.

The purpose of this review is to critically analyse the effect of self-medicating for a self-diagnosed condition, in this case diabetes. The focus of the case study draws on multiple experiences in which a patient has self-diagnosed and implemented a medication regime without advice from medically trained personnel.
A pre-hospital search and rescue training exercise for students
Authors: Goodhart Jamie D , Wolfe Andrea J , Bailey Mark , Thomas Matthew G , Mallinson Tom E
Published: November 2015

In June 2013, Warwick Wilderness Medicine society (WWM) at the University of Warwick, UK, ran a pre-hospital care training weekend culminating in an ambitious search and rescue (SAR) training exercise in the Lake District, England. Seventeen participants were provided with refresher training in wilderness medicine. They were then directed to undertake an area search and subsequent pre-hospital management of three simulated patients. The training was run by WWM without outside involvement. Details of the training day are discussed along with the feedback received from participants and the faculty. Areas for improvement are summarised for the benefit of other organisations planning similar activities.
Adrenal insufficiency: improving paramedic practice
Authors: Baines Andy
Published: November 2015

Acute adrenal insufficiency, which includes Addisonian crisis, can lead to severe morbidity and even death if ineffectively managed. Unfortunately in the pre-hospital setting patients with acute adrenal insufficiency often receive sub-optimal care. The early administration of hydrocortisone in these cases is critical and significantly improves outcomes to the extent it can be life saving. Such therapy is part of current paramedic practice; however, there is evidence that hydrocortisone is rarely used in the pre-hospital setting. Ultimately, patients with acute adrenal insufficiency may currently be sub-optimally managed by paramedics. To combat this, this article will define the current optimal practice in this area and explain how an e-learning package will be used within North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust to educate paramedics in best practice in this area.
Should the Kendrick Extrication Device have a place in pre-hospital care?
Authors: Brown Nick
Published: November 2015

The Kendrick Extrication Device (KED) is described as an ‘emergency patient handling device designed to aid in the immobilisation and short transfer movement of patients with suspected spinal/cervical injuries’ ( Ferno-Washington, 2001 ). The device that evolved in the late 1970s was originally intended to assist with the immobilisation and extrication of racing drivers from their cockpit ( American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons et al, 2012 ; Trafford et al, 2014 ). Since then it has become adopted by many ambulance services as a tool intended to assist in the immobilisation and extrication of patients, particularly from road traffic collisions (RTC) and is a recognised piece of equipment among paramedics. However, its assimilation into the pre-hospital environment and overall appropriateness in patient care should be viewed with caution. This article comments on the potential adverse risks associated around delayed extrication, the impact on respiratory function and the potential for increased movement of the casualty. Additionally, it highlights the current lack of evidence to support its use.
A brief guide to borderline personality disorder for pre-hospital clinicians in an emergency setting
Authors: Jamieson Louisa
Published: November 2015

Paramedics and ambulance staff are frequently in contact with patients with mental health diagnoses, whether this is the primary reason for contacting the emergency services, e.g. self-harm, crisis or suicide ideation; or, incidental to their primary clinical concern. Patients in mental health crisis can be challenging and demanding. Most paramedics will not have had specific guidance on identifying or understanding the features, aetiology and responses to treatment of patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder is associated with a high risk of self-harm, risk-taking behaviour and suicide. Building a rapport with patients is often crucial to paramedics achieving optimum patient care. There are features of borderline personality disorder that may make rapport building more complex, and the establishment of trust harder for the clinician to achieve and maintain. There is potential for frustration and a lack of understanding to interfere with patient-centred care. In order to support patients with borderline personality disorder, ambulance staff need to be aware of the particular characteristics of this condition and the current best practice guidance.
The duty of candour applies to you and your employer
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: November 2015

The need for a culture of openness and transparency within healthcare services following the Stafford Hospital scandal has emphasised the importance of a duty of candour. Ian Peate considers the complex issue of candour from an employer and employee perspective.