bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF NFT DESIGN WITH MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS
Authors: KUM Özlem
Published: August 2022

With technological advances and the spread of digital media in recent years, Non-Tradeable Tokens (NFT) have become increasingly common digital design products. However, the most prominent factor regarding NFT productions is their economic value, and there has not been enough study in the literature examining NFT productions in terms of design value and elements. In this study, it is aimed to examine NFT products produced with multimedia technology in terms of traditional design elements. In this study, a sample NFT was produced in this framework and, depending on the stages of this production, the design elements of the product were examined in terms of point, line, texture, shape-form, space and color. The NFT produced as a method has been analyzed qualitatively with semiotic analysis and content analysis methods. According to the results obtained in the study, the productions of point, line, texture and shape-form in NFT productions are more limited and far from originality than classical design elements. However, in terms of space and color, NFT productions give the artist more possibilities and color usage alternatives. On the other hand, when the artistic quality of NFT productions is examined, it is seen that it is located in a place between craft and art, and its economic value comes to the forefront above both values. Key Words: Elements of Design, NFT, Multimedia.
Escenarios para la transición energética a una economía carbono neutral en América Latina y el Caribe: algunos hechos estilizados
Authors: Galindo Luis Miguel , Reyes Martínez Paulina Guadalupe , González Fernando
Published: August 2022

El principal objetivo del artículo es analizar algunos hechos estilizados de la trayectoria de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, provenientes del consumo de energía (CO2ee), y construir escenarios prospectivos para América Latina y el Caribe que permitan ilustrar la urgencia, magnitud, posibilidades y limitaciones del esfuerzo de mitigación requerido para alcanzar la meta de una economía carbono neutral entre 2050-2070. La construcción de estos escenarios se basa en los modelos IPAT y STIRPAT, así como en las estimaciones de las hipótesis de la EKC y de la convergencia de emisiones entre países. Los principales resultados indican que las emisiones de CO2ee están estrechamente asociadas a la evolución del PIB, PIB per cápita, población y consumo de energía, y que el actual proceso de desacoplamiento en la trayectoria de las emisiones de CO2ee, provenientes de sus principales variables determinantes, es insuficiente para cumplir la meta de una economía carbono neutral a 2050.
امام ابن ابی شیبہ ؒ کے نزدیک تحمل وا دائے حدیث کی اصطلاحات کا جائزہ
Authors: KHAN IRFAN , Ayub Dr. Shahzada Imran
Published: August 2022

Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah belongs to the 2nd/3rd century AH. He attained a high position in the science of ḥadīth. He not only taught Ḥadīth but also preserved it in writing for the ūmmah in various forms..In the Ḥadith the terms of Taḥmmul O Ādīy ḥadīth are very wide and universal. The authenticity and weakness of the ḥadīths of the Prophetﷺcan be well assessed in the light of There are eight (8) words of Taḥmmul O Ādīy ḥadīth among the narrators, all of which are mentioned in the writings of Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah. These include the terms "اخبرنا" and "حدثنا". Which are the highest in the level of tolerance and payment. In Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah’s collections of ḥadīth, he has used the most phrases. In addition, the terms “سماع, قرأت, کتابت, مناولت ,اجازت,اعلام,وجادت” are also present in the books of Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah. In this article, a research review has been presented in the light of the books of Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah by presenting the methods of the terms of Taḥmmul O Ādīy ḥadīth in this paper with evidences and precedents.And According to Imām Ibn Abī Shaibah, what are the terms of Taḥmmul O Ādīy ḥadīth and what is their nature? In this research article According to Imam Ibn Abi Shaybah, the terms of Taḥmmul O Ādīy ḥadīth has been reviewed in an analytical and inferential view.
فقہ مالکی کی امتیازی ادلۃ اجتہاد علمائے اصول فقہ کی آراء کی روشنی میں
Authors: Abbas Dr. Nadeem , Bhatti Farhad Ahmed , Alvi Sada Hussain
Published: August 2022

Imam Malik, a great scholar of Hadith as well as renowned Islamic jurisprudent, founded the Maliki fiqh. One of the distinctions of this fiqh is that the consensus Ahle Madina is considered to be a law, and the legislators seek guidance from those precedents of community consensus during temporal and spatial interpretations of Islamic laws. Besides this, the Ummah consensus as a whole is also regarded as to be the authority. However, in case of any mismatch between the community consensus and active narrations, the Maliki fiqh always prefers the Ahle Madina consensus. So, is the case with the practices of the people of Madina. Therefore, the Maliki scholars would prefer the practices of Ahle-Madina to personal opinion. Not only this, the practices of Ahle Madina can also override a Hadith that has only one reporter. The main sources of derivation of the Islamic laws in Fiqh-e-Maliki are Masaleh Mursilah and Sadd. Some of the important books for deriving Islamic principles in Fiqh-e-Maliki are “Mukhtasarul Muntahaa”, “Yalmukhtasar-ul-Assuli”, “Tanqeeh-ul-Fussul fi Ikhtisarul Mahsul fil-Assul”, “Miftahulwassul ela Bina-el-Fruhh alal-Assul” and “Kitaabul Minhaj fit-Tarteebil Hujaj”.
Η αμβροξόλη μειώνει τη συχνότητα του βήχα (τόσο την ημέρα όσο και τη νύχτα) και έτσι βελτιώνει την ικανότητα συγκέντρωσης και την ποιότητα ζωής
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Κατά την έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε φαρμακεία, ερωτήθηκαν πελάτες που είχαν χρησιμοποιήσει μία από τις τέσσερις διαφορετικές μορφές σκευάσματος αμβροξόλης για τον οξύ βήχα. Τα αποτελέσματα αποτύπωναν τα θεραπευτικά οφέλη της αμβροξόλης στην αυτοθεραπεία του οξέος βήχα. Οι διαφορετικές μορφές σκευάσματος έδειξαν συγκρίσιμη αποτελεσματικότητα.
Phylogenetic study of the genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) based on chloroplast matK & trnL-F gene
Authors: Adnan Huda , Al Edhari Aboothar Ha.
Published: August 2022

The current research deals with molecular systematics study of the genus Eryngium (Apiaceae) in Iraq. The study included molecular characteristics traits of chloroplast matK & trnL-F gene that have reliable value in separate and determinate the genus from others genera in Apiaceae family. The result of molecular study reaches to investigated the phylogenetic relation of the species belongs to Erymgium using five in-group species E. campestre L., E. creticum Lam., E. billardieri Del., E. glomerutum Lam. and E. thyrosoideum Boiss and one out-group pycnocycla aucheriana were used as related species. Based on trnL-F & matK intergeneric chloroplast gene.
Exploring the status of Ambedkar’s ‘New India’
Authors: Islam Md Safikul , Alam Mohammad Afsar , Shabnam Shabnam , Kaur Navneet
Published: August 2022

Ambedkar was one of the pioneer reformists for women and had a vision of ‘New India’. He articulated the women’s rights to education, marriage, and health through the constitutional provisions.  This study aims to revisit the notions of Babasaheb Ambedkar on women’s empowerment focusing on education, child marriage, and health; and also, to examine the current status of women in present India concerning aforesaid aspects. For portraying the status of women, recent data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were analyzed. The results of the analysis reveal that despite the improvement in the status of women, there is still prevailing a significant share in child marriage, fertility rate, early pregnancy, spousal violence, and violence during pregnancy also which influences directly their health condition. The study evidently indicates a reminder for every individual in general and policy-makers in particular to reinforce the vision of Ambedkar for women. More importantly, the alarming health condition of rural women must be improved by increasing public healthcare facilities and awareness of health education for the sake of Sustainable Development.
Isokinetic training enhanced by kinesio tape for quadriceps muscle weakness post lower limb healed burn
Authors: Abbas Nisreen A. , Baky Amal M. Abd El , Kenawy Ahmed M. , Elgohary Hany M.
Published: August 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of isokinetic training enhanced by Kinesio tape (KT) on weak quadriceps muscle following healed lower limb burn. Design: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient, Kasr El Aini Hospital, and Orabi Hospital. Participants: Sixty patients with weak quadriceps of dominant lower limb following healed partial thickness burn. Thirty to forty percent of their total body surface area (TBSA) was affected by burn including the anterior thigh. They were distributed randomly into two groups; the isokinetic training and Kinesio tape group, and the isokinetic training group. Intervention:  group (A); 30 patients who received isokinetic training (concentric and eccentric contraction exercises) of the quadriceps muscle (dominant side) at an angular velocity of 90°/s, three times per week, and Kinesio tape was applied twice per week, group (B): 30 patients who received isokinetic training in the form of (concentric and eccentric contraction exercises) of the quadriceps muscle (dominant side) at an angular velocity of 90°/s, three times per week. All groups were evaluated pre-treatment and after 8 weeks from the beginning of the treatment.
UNI-VOS PARA ESTUDAR O EVANGELHO: UMA ANÁLISE DO LIVRO EPÍSTOLAS AOS ESPÍRITAS
Authors: Altenburg Luiz Cláudio
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo enfoca um dos livros publicados por Osvaldo Melo (1893-1970), jornalista, membro da Academia Catarinense de Letras (ACL), do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Santa Catarina, e espírita.
Good Practice Guide on Post-Shipment On-site Inspections of Military Materiel
Authors: Varisco Andrea Edoardo , Bromley Mark
Published: August 2022

In order to prevent the diversion of exported military materiel, an increasing number of states have conducted post-shipment on-site inspections (i.e. physical inspections of exported military materiel on the territory of the importing state) or have introduced measures to allow for them to take place. Several multilateral instruments have produced guidance documents on arms export controls that include provisions relevant to requiring or conducting post-shipment on-site inspections and this topic has been one of the main focuses of the German presidency of the Eighth Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty. This SIPRI Good Practice Guide is aimed at states that are in the process of developing post-shipment on-site inspections or are considering their future adoption. It highlights a series of good practices that states can apply when developing and implementing this tool and follows four steps that are part of a post-shipment on-site inspection process: (a) adopting on-site inspections, (b) requiring on-site inspections, (c) conducting on-site inspections, and (d) follow-on steps after on-site inspections. The Good Practice Guide draws from experience of states that have conducted post-shipment on-site inspections, relevant guidance and policy documents, and the work done by SIPRI on this topic.
Big-Five Personality Traits, Self-Compassion and Mental Health among University Students
Authors: Jaiswal Aishwarya , Singh Yogita , Srivastava Akanksha , Singh Sanjewa Kumar
Published: August 2022

The occurrence and severity of mental health issues among university students is increasing globally. India is also on the same platform when it comes to alarming mental health issues among students. However, most studies so far have been limited to assessing the prevalence and outcomes of psychological issues, and a paucity of studies investigating the protective factors for students’ mental health was observed. With the advent of the salutogenic approach, the research interest in health-protective factors, as opposed to risk factors, has heightened drastically. Given this, the present work investigated the role of personality traits and self-compassion in university students’ mental health. A correlational research design was employed. Participants included university students assessed on Costa and McCrae’s (1992) NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), and Mental Health Inventory (Jagadish and Srivastava, 1983). Data analysis employed Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Extraversion, agreeableness, and self-compassion were positively associated with mental health, whereas neuroticism was negatively associated. The OCEAN personality traits and self-compassion explained significant variance in mental health, and only extraversion positively and significantly predicted mental health. OCEAN Personality Trait Extraversion is a protective factor for university students’ mental health.
Nonnormative Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders and Their Associations With Weight Loss and Quality of Life During 6 Years Following Obesity Surgery
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Staerk Christian , Strömer Annika , Mansfeld Thomas , Sander Johannes , Seyfried Florian , Kaiser Stefan , Dietrich Arne , Mayr Andreas
Published: August 2022

Importance

Individuals with severe obesity presenting for obesity surgery (OS) frequently show nonnormative eating behaviors (NEBs) and eating disorders (EDs), but the long-term course and prospective associations with weight loss and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) remain unclear.

Objective

To examine the prevalence and prospective relevance of presurgical and postsurgical NEBs and EDs according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, diagnosed through clinical interview, for weight loss and HRQOL up to 6 years following OS.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In the prospective, multicenter Psychosocial Registry for Obesity Surgery cohort study, patients seeking OS were recruited at 6 OS centers in Germany and assessed at baseline before surgery and at 6 months and 1 to 6 years after surgery. From a consecutive sample of 1040 volunteers with planned OS from March 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, a total of 748 (71.92%) were included in this study. Across follow-up, 93 of the 748 patients (12.43%) dropped out. Data were analyzed from April to November 2021.

Interventions

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Both NEBs and EDs were identified using the Eating Disorder Examination interview. Main outcomes were the percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL) and HRQOL (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite; range, 0-100, with 0 indicating worst and 100 indicating best).

Results

In 748 patients undergoing OS (mean [SD] age, 46.26 [11.44] years; mean [SD] body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 48.38 [8.09]; 513 [68.58%] female), the mean (SD) %TBWL was 26.70% (9.61%), and the mean (SD) HRQOL improvement was 35.41 (20.63) percentage points across follow-up. Both NEBs and EDs were common before surgery, with postsurgical improvements of varying degrees. Whereas NEBs and EDs did not reveal significant prospective associations with %TBWL, loss-of-control eating at follow-up was concurrently associated with lower %TBWL (estimate, −0.09; 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.04). Loss-of-control eating (estimate, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.03 percentage points) and binge-eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration (estimate, −6.51; 95% CI, −12.69 to −0.34 percentage points) at follow-up showed significant prospective associations with lower HRQOL.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found prospective relevance of loss-of-control eating and binge-eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration for reduced long-term HRQOL following OS. These findings underline the importance of monitoring both NEBs, especially loss-of-control eating, and EDs in the long term postsurgically to identify patients in need of targeted prevention or psychotherapy.
Success in Navigating Hurdles to Oral Delivery of a Bioactive Peptide Complement Antagonist through Use of Nanoparticles to Increase Bioavailability and In Vivo Efficacy
Authors: Xu Weizhi , Kumar Vinod , Cui Cedric S. , Li Xaria X. , Whittaker Andrew K. , Xu Zhi Ping , Smith Maree T. , Woodruff Trent M. , Han Felicity Y.
Published: August 2022

Substantial preclinical data have validated cyclic hexapeptide complement C5a receptor 1 antagonists (C5aRAs) that target immune cells, as novel therapies for a range of inflammatory diseases that currently have limited effective treatment options. However, like most small‐molecule peptides, their poor oral bioavailability and short circulation half‐life are major hurdles that have limited their clinical translation. Here, a single emulsion technique is employed to produce poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid nanoparticles (NPs) with exceptionally high peptide C5aRA (PMX205) loading efficiency (over 50%). Strikingly, the PMX205‐NPs not only facilitate prolonged release of the encapsulated PMX205 but also dramatically increase its oral bioavailability (from ≈25% to ≈50%), and therapeutic potential (≈95% inhibition of C5a induces neutrophilia in mice and maintenance of neuroprotective barrier integrity). The enhanced in vivo pharmacological activity of PMX205 in the form of NPs opens an exciting opportunity for the clinical application of peptide C5aRAs and possibly other therapeutic peptides.
P and Cu Dual Sites on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbon Fuels with High C2H6 Evolution
Authors: Wang Gang , Chen Zhe , Wang Tao , Wang Dingsheng , Mao Junjie
Published: August 2022

The light‐driven CO2 reduction to multi‐carbon products is especially meaningful, while the low efficiency of multi‐electron transfer and sluggish C−C coupling greatly hinder its development. Herein, we report a photocatalyst comprising of P and Cu dual sites anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (P/Cu SAs@CN), which achieves a high C2H6 evolution rate of 616.6 μmol g−1 h−1 in reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons. The detailed spectroscopic characterizations identify the formation of charge‐enriched Cu sites, where the isolated P atoms serve as hole capture sites during photocatalysis. Theoretical simulations combined with in situ FTIR measurement reveal a kinetically feasible process for the formation of C−C coupling intermediate (*OC−COH) and confirm the favorable production of C2H6 on the P/Cu SAs@CN photocatalyst. This work offers new insights into the photocatalyst design with atomic precision toward highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion to high value‐added carbon products.
Paradoxical Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Deficiency on HLA–B27 and Its Role as an Epistatic Modifier in Experimental Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tran Tri M. , Gill Tejpal , Bennett Joshua , Hong Sohee , Holt Vance , Lindstedt Anders J. , Bakshi Sufia , Sikora Keith , Taurog Joel D. , Breban Maxime , Navid Fatemeh , Colbert Robert A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

We undertook this study to examine the functional basis for epistasis between endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and HLA–B27 in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

ERAP1–knockout rats were created using genome editing and bred with HLA–B27/human β2‐microglobulin–transgenic (HLA–B27‐Tg) rats and HLA–B7‐Tg rats. The effects of ERAP1 deficiency on HLA allotypes were determined using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, flow cytometry, allogeneic T cell proliferation assays, and gene expression analyses. Animals were examined for clinical features of disease, and tissue was assessed by histology.

Results

ERAP1 deficiency increased the ratio of folded to unfolded (β2m‐free) HLA–B27 heavy chains, while having the opposite effect on HLA–B7. Furthermore, in rats with ERAP1 deficiency, HLA–B27 misfolding was reduced, while free HLA–B27 heavy chain dimers on the cell surface and monomers were increased. The effects of ERAP1 deficiency persisted during up‐regulation of HLA–B27 and led to a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress. ERAP1 deficiency reduced the prevalence of arthritis in HLA–B27‐Tg rats by two‐thirds without reducing gastrointestinal inflammation. Dendritic cell abnormalities attributed to the presence of HLA–B27, including reduced allogeneic T cell stimulation and loss of CD103‐positive/major histocompatibility complex class II–positive cells, were not rescued by ERAP1 deficiency, while excess Il23a up‐regulation was mitigated.

Conclusion

ERAP1 deficiency reduced HLA–B27 misfolding and improved folding while having opposing effects on HLA–B7. The finding that HLA–B27‐Tg rats had partial protection against SpA in this study is consistent with genetic evidence that loss‐of‐function and/or reduced expression of ERAP1 reduces the risk of ankylosing spondylitis. Functional studies support the concept that the effects of ERAP1 on HLA–B27 and SpA may be a consequence of how peptides affect the biology of this allotype rather than their role as antigenic determinants.
Severe mucosal leishmaniasis with torpid and fatal evolution
Authors: Jaimes Jesús Rojas
Published: August 2022

Mucosal leishmaniasis is a clinical condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat and usually precedes a cutaneous leishmaniasis condition with a long latency period as observed in our study of a patient who experienced a torpid evolution in 9 months, caused by having had cutaneous leishmaniasis on the neck without therapeutic treatment, although with ulcer closure 18 years earlier, incomplete treatment with antimonials and amphotericin B, with the destruction of the eyeball, a large area of necrosis on the face and nasal bone exposure. Additionally, the patient had chronic anemia (9.4 g/dl), lymphopenia and neutrophilia (lymphocytes 13.1%, neutrophils 84.4%), and co‐infections by fungi (yeasts and hyphae) and Gram‐negative bacteria (multidrug‐resistant Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli) leading to sepsis and subsequent death of the patient.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of a Dinuclear Platinum(II) Compound: Mechanism and Roles of an Upper Triplet State
Authors: Song Xiu‐Fang , Peng Ling‐Ya , Chen Wen‐Kai , Gao Yuan‐Jun , Fang Wei‐Hai , Cui Ganglong
Published: August 2022

A dinuclear Pt(II) compound was reported to exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF); however, the luminescence mechanism remains elusive. To reveal relevant excited‐state properties and luminescence mechanism of this Pt(II) compound, both density function theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations were carried out in this work. In terms of the results, the S1 and T2 states show mixed intraligand charge transfer (ILCT)/metal‐to‐ligand CT (MLCT) characters while the T1 state exhibits mixed ILCT/ligand‐to‐metal CT (LMCT) characters. Mechanistically, a four‐state (S0, S1, T1, and T2) model is proposed to rationalize the TADF behavior. The reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) process from the initial T1 to final S1 states involves two up‐conversion channels (direct T1→S1 and T2‐mediated T1→T2→S1 pathways) and both play crucial roles in TADF. At 300 K, these two channels are much faster than the T1 phosphorescence emission enabling TADF. However, at 80 K, these rISC rates are reduced by several orders of magnitude and become very small, which blocks the TADF emission; instead, only the phosphorescence is observed. These findings rationalize the experimental observation and could provide useful guidance to rational design of organometallic materials with superior TADF performances.
Improving Photocatalytic Performance through the Construction of a Supramolecular Organic Framework
Authors: Xu Weiquan , Chao Jin‐Yu , Tang Bohan , Li Zhan‐Ting , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2022

A supramolecular organic framework‐type photocatalyst, named TM‐SOF, is constructed by the self‐assembly of cucurbit[8]uril and a tetra‐arm monomer containing four N, N’‐dimethyl 2,5‐bis(4‐pyridinium)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (MPT) moieties. Benefiting from the multivalent assembly, a photocatalytically active supramolecular MPT dimer can be stably formed in TM‐SOF. In addition, TM‐SOF exhibits better stability against temperature, substrate, and light irradiation. As a result, TM‐SOF shows a significantly improved performance for the photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of aryl boronic acids and thioethers. It is anticipated that this line of research will provide a facile approach for fabricating high‐performance supramolecular photocatalysis systems.
Awareness and attitudes of oncology specialists toward dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase testing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sukkarieh Hatouf H. , AlSagoor Turki , Alnuhait Mohammed , Bustami Rami , Bryson Scott , Adem Fatima Mohammed Kebir , Abdalla Hana , Karbani Gulsan
Published: August 2022

Background

Fluoropyrimidines (FP) are among the most common class of prescribed anti‐neoplastic drugs. This class has severe to moderate toxicity in around 10%–40% of those who take 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or capecitabine for the treatment of cancer. In practice many patients with severe toxicities from FP use had dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme deficiency. Several studies have proposed DPD screening before treatment with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and capecitabine or other drugs belonging to the FP group. This study aims to assess the level of awareness and attitudes of oncology specialists in Saudi Arabia toward genetic screening for DPD prior to giving FP. This highlights the importance of health guidelines required for implementation in our health care system, as a framework to adopt testing as a regular practice in clinical care. Based on the findings in this study, guidelines have been suggested for the Middle East North Africa region.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted during 2021 targeting oncologists and clinical pharmacists working in the oncology departments across Saudi Arabia.

Results

A total of 130 oncologists and pharmacists completed the questionnaire representing a response rate of 87%. Most of the respondents indicated that they prescribe FP in clinical practice, but 41% of respondents reported that they have never ordered a specific molecular test during their practice. Only 20% of respondents reported that they often screen for DPD deficiency prior to prescribing FP. Significantly higher rates of awareness of potential dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) mutation were observed among respondents in governmental hospitals (81.1% vs. 47.4% in private hospitals), and among those with more years of practice (80.6% if 5 or more years of practice vs. 59.3% if less than 5 years of practice). Also, higher rates of observing the impact of DPD testing were present among respondents with a PharmD (35% vs. 11% for oncologists and 18% for other professions) and among those with 5 or more years of practice (24.6% vs. 7.7% among those with less than 5 years).

Conclusion

While in some institutions there is a high level of awareness among oncology specialists in Saudi Arabia regarding the effect of the potentially serious DPD enzyme deficiency as a result of gene mutations, screening for these mutations prior to prescribing FP is not a routine practice in hospitals across the country. The findings of this study should promote personalized medicine with recognition of interpatient variability via DPD testing to manage the risks of FP prescribing more effectively in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ground‐State Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Methyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxide by Single‐Photon Ionisation from a Table‐Top Source
Authors: Waters Max D. J. , Ladda Nicolas , Senftleben Arne , Svoboda Vít , Belozertsev Mikhail , Baumert Thomas , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: August 2022

Single‐photon ionisation of enantiopure methyl p‐tolyl sulfoxide by circularly polarised light at 133 nm shows remarkably strong photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD), which has been measured in a velocity‐map‐imaging spectrometer. Both enantiomers were measured, each showing a PECD of a similar magnitude (ca. 25 %). These experiments were carried out with a tabletop high‐harmonic source with a photon energy of 9.3 eV, capable of ionising the electronic ground state of most organic and inorganic molecules. Ab‐initio scattering calculations provide a theoretical value of the expected chiral asymmetry parameter, and agree very well with the measured values once orbital mixing via configuration interaction in the cation is taken into account. This study demonstrates a simple photoionisation scheme that can be readily applied to study the time‐resolved PECD of photochemical reactions and suggests a pronounced sensitivity of PECD to electronic configuration interaction in the cation.
MiR‐192‐5p/RB1/NF‐κBp65 signaling axis promotes IL‐10 secretion during gastric cancer EMT to induce Treg cell differentiation in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Song Jialin , Lin Zaihuan , Liu Qing , Huang Sihao , Han Lei , Fang Yan , Zhong Panyi , Dou Rongzhang , Xiang Zhenxian , Zheng Jinsen , Zhang Xinyao , Wang Shuyi , Xiong Bin
Published: August 2022

Background

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that play roles in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. Although tumour cells that undergo epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulate Treg cell function, their regulatory mechanism in GC remains unclear.

Methods

The miR‐192‐5p was identified by examining three Gene Expression Omnibus GC miRNA expression datasets. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were conducted to identify interactions between miR‐192‐5p and RB1. The role of miR‐192‐5p/RB1 in GC progression was evaluated based on EdU incorporation, wound healing and Transwell assays. An in vitro co‐culture assay was performed to measure the effect of miR‐192‐5p/RB1 on Treg cell differentiation. In vivo experiments were conducted to explore the role of miR‐192‐5p in GC progression and Treg cell differentiation.

Results

MiR‐192‐5p was overexpressed in tumour and was associated with poor prognosis in GC. MiR‐192‐5p bound to the RB1 3′‐untranslated region, resulting in GC EMT, proliferation, migration and invasion. MiR‐192‐5p/RB1 mediated interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) secretion by regulating nuclear factor‐kappaBp65 (NF‐κBp65), affecting Treg cell differentiation. NF‐κBp65, in turn, promoted miR‐192‐5p expression and formed a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that miR‐192‐5p/RB1 promotes GC growth and Treg cell differentiation.

Conclusion

Collectively, our studies indicate that miR‐192‐5p/RB1 promotes EMT of tumour cells, and the miR‐192‐5p/RB1/NF‐κBp65 signaling axis induces Treg cell differentiation by regulating IL‐10 secretion in GC. Our results suggest that targeting miR‐192‐5p/RB1/NF‐κBp65 /IL‐10 may pave the way for the development of new immune treatments for GC.
Copper‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction to Construct Fluorinated Indole‐quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Letian , Yang Yong , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Chao , Shen Chao
Published: August 2022

A practical and mild three‐component reaction of indoles, quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones, and CF3SO2Na is disclosed for the facile access of various 3‐[2‐(trifluoromethyl)1H‐indol‐3‐yl]quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones using low‐cost and catalytic amount of CuF2 as the catalyst. This strategy exhibits high site‐selectivity, step economy, and broad substrates scope. Synthetic utility was demonstrated by the one‐pot two‐step synthesis of N‐alkyl triazoles compounds via a click chemistry. To evaluate the antiproliferative activity of these compounds, A549 s (human lung adenocarcinoma cells) and HUVECs, as a model of toxicity, were used in MTT assay. The outcomes disclosed for 6‐CO2Me and a N‐alkyl triazole derivatives were of potent antiproliferative effect against A549 s (IC50 = 4.7 and 14.9 μM, respectively) with slight cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Morphological study was conducted by AO/EB dual staining, indicated hydrochloride 6‐CO2Me derivative was capable of inducing apoptosis of A549 cells.
Cobalt Porphyrin‐Catalysed Synthesis of Azobenzenes by Dehydrogenative Coupling of Anilines
Authors: Damiano Caterina , Cavalleri Matteo , Panza Nicola , Gallo Emma
Published: August 2022

The demand for azobenzenes has exponentially grown due to their wide range of applications in textile, medical, and dye industries. Here we report a procedure to synthesise azobenzenes by the dehydrogenative coupling of anilines in the presence of CoII(TPP) (TPP=dianion of tetraphenyl porphyrin) catalyst and 4‐nitrophenyl azide oxidant species. Differently substituted azobenzenes were obtained in yields up to 72 % together with 4‐nitrophenyl amine, which is the stoichiometric by‐product of the process. The procedure displayed a good sustainability due to the almost quantitative recovery of pure 4‐nitrophenyl amine that can be transformed again into the desired azide to pave the way for an efficient circular process. Experimental data supported the occurrence of a radical mechanism mediated by putative nitrene radical cobalt intermediate.
Adapting integrative cognitive‐affective therapy for adolescents with full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa: A feasibility study
Authors: Lebow Jocelyn , Sim Leslie , Wonderlich Stephen , Peterson Carol B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT) is an empirically supported treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) in adults. However, it is unclear whether a modified version, Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy–Adolescent (ICAT‐A) is feasible and beneficial for adolescents. This study evaluated the feasibility of ICAT‐A for adolescents with BN or subthreshold BN.

Methods

Eight adolescents with BN or subthreshold BN (mean age = 16.1) were enroled in the study. At baseline and end of treatment, adolescents who participated in ICAT‐A completed the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety, self‐esteem and functional impairment.

Results

Retention for the intervention (75%) suggests that the majority of participants found the intervention acceptable. Although all treatment completers participated in the clinician‐administered assessment (EDE), compliance with end of treatment self‐report questionnaires was compromised by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which occurred during the treatment course of the majority of the sample. At the end of treatment, all 6 adolescents who completed the ICAT‐A intervention were in full eating disorder remission based on EDE scores, with large effect sizes identified for reductions in EDE global scores (d = 2.71), objective binge episodes (d = 0.91), subjective binge episodes (d = 1.06) and compensatory behaviours (d = 1.72).

Conclusion

Results suggest that ICAT‐A is a feasible treatment that has promise for the treatment of adolescents with BN. Future studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of ICAT‐A for adolescent BN.
Deriving a prediction model for emergency cesarean delivery following induction of labor in singleton term pregnancies
Authors: Dorwal Manisha , Yadav Garima , Singh Pratibha , Kathuria Priyanka , Gothwal Meenakshi , Ghuman Navdeep Kaur , Shekhar Shashank
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To derive a prediction model combining various clinical factors associated with increased risk of emergency cesarean section following induction of labor in women with unfavorable cervix.

Methods

All women with singleton term pregnancies undergoing induction of labor and fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in this cross‐sectional study after supplying consent. Women with a Bishop score of 6 or less were induced with dinoprostone gel. Multiple regression analysis was used to find the most significant independent predictive factors and these factors were used to develop the predictive model and calculator.

Results

After multiple logistic regression, risk of emergency cesarean after induction of labor was significantly associated with the following variables: height (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.955, P = 0.033), nulliparity (aOR 3.987, P < 0.001), closed cervix (aOR 2.030, P = 0.030), fetal station −3 above ischial spine (aOR 2.719, P = 0.043), firm or medium cervical consistency (aOR 2.028, P = 0.004), cervical length 3 cm or longer (aOR 3.090, P = 0.015), posterior cervix (aOR 2.112, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Use of a prediction model would help to reduce the number of emergency cesarean sections secondary to unsuccessful inductions and help in the reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity.
Quantum‐dot color conversion towards white‐balanced healthy displays: Theoretical and simulation study
Authors: Xu Sheng , Lin Xinyu , Zhang Xiang , Chen Enguo , Ye Yun , Guo Tailiang , Yan Qun Frank
Published: August 2022

Quantum‐dot (QD) color conversion (QDCC) has the inherent advantages of high color purity and adjustable spectral peak, and spectral symmetry, which is favorable to healthy displays. In this paper, a theoretical design for QDCC white balance in healthy displays is proposed to achieve both high light conversion efficiency (LCE) and low blue light intensity (BLI). Based on the defined logical channels for QDCC model and the optimal criterion of the QD's dosage factor (DoF), the key design parameters of the red and green QDCC sub‐pixels are first obtained, including the QD concentration and the color conversion layer thickness. Then, according to the requirements of three‐primary‐color flux for white‐balanced display, the luminous area of three‐primary‐color sub‐pixels can be adjusted to achieve the white balance of the healthy display. Finally, by combining the above theoretical analysis and design approach, a theoretical formula is recommended for white‐balanced healthy displays with high luminous efficiency and low BLI. The white balance method is verified by theoretical derivation and optical simulation. Results show that the method can not only guide the structural design of the QDCC from the theoretical level but also ensure high LCE and low BLI for three‐primary‐color sub‐pixels. The target white balance can be well achieved by adjusting the area ratio of three‐primary‐color sub‐pixels to 3.94:5.06:1, and the color coordinates and the color temperature are (0.313, 0.3206) and 6552 K, respectively. This study provides a useful exploration of QDCC white balance design for next‐generation healthy displays with high conversion efficiency and low BLI.
Surgical management of pediatric salivary malignant tumors—A single‐center cohort study
Authors: Lopez Joseph , Chen Yu Han , Eagan Alana , Fitzgerald Conall , Woods Robbie , Wong Richard , Shah Jatin , Ganly Ian
Published: August 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to report incidence, clinicopathologic behavior, management, and outcome of pediatric patients treated surgically for salivary gland (SG) malignancies.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for SG malignancies from 1985 to 2015 were identified. Clinical, pathological, treatment and outcomes data were collected. Disease‐specific survival (DSS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Twenty‐eight pediatric patients were included. The most common histopathological types were mucoepidermoid (n = 18, 64.3%), acinic cell (n = 7, 25.0%), adenoid cystic (n = 2, 7.1%), and adenocarcinoma (n = 1, 3.6%). Surgical approach varied and ranged from superficial parotidectomy (n = 11, 39.3%) to partial maxillectomy (n = 6, 21.4%). Nine patients (32%) required postoperative radiotherapy. DSS, OS, and RFS probability at 5 years were 96.4%, 96.4%, and 89.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Pediatric SG malignancies are rare and have favorable outcome at 5 years. Larger, multi‐institutional studies are required to better understand the natural history of these rare tumors.
Gastrointestinal Motility and Response to Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Safarpour Delaram , Brumbach Barbara H. , Arena Monica , Quinn Joseph , Diamond Sarah , Nutt Jay G. , Pfeiffer RonaldF.
Published: August 2022

Background

Simultaneous measurement of gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) and plasma levodopa concentration (PLC) is crucial to understanding the effect of dysfunctional motility on levodopa response in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).

Objective

The aim is to determine if altered segmental GITT correlates with clinical response and PLC variability in PwPD.

Methods

Ten typical and 10 erratic responders ingested the SmartPill (SP) wireless motility capsule. Serial PLC and finger tapping, obtained every 30 minutes for 3 hours after SP/levodopa ingestion, evaluated the correlation between GITT, clinical response, and PLC. Glucose breath testing assessed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Results

GITT was not significantly different in “typical” and “erratic” responders. SIBO was positive in half of the erratic and negative in most typical responders.

Conclusion

SP is a feasible technology for assessing GITT in PwPD. A larger study may be able to significantly differentiate/correlate GITT in different segments of the GI tract with response to levodopa. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Repeatability of B1+ inhomogeneity correction of volumetric (3D) glutamate CEST via High‐permittivity dielectric padding at 7T
Authors: Jacobs Paul S. , Benyard Blake , Cember Abigail , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Cao Quy , Tisdall M. Dylan , Wilson Neil , Das Sandhitsu , Davis Kathryn A. , Detre John , Roalf David , Reddy Ravinder
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Ultra‐high field MR imaging lacks B1+ inhomogeneity due to shorter RF wavelengths used at higher field strengths compared to human anatomy. CEST techniques tend to be highly susceptible to B1+ inhomogeneities due to a high and uniform B1+ field being necessary to create the endogenous contrast. High‐permittivity dielectric pads have seen increasing usage in MR imaging due to their ability to tailor the spatial distribution of the B1+ field produced. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that dielectric materials can be used to improve glutamate weighted CEST (gluCEST) at 7T.

Theory and Methods

GluCEST images were acquired on a 7T system on six healthy volunteers. Aqueous calcium titanate pads, with a permittivity of approximately 110, were placed on either side in the subject′s head near the temporal lobes. A post‐processing correction algorithm was implemented in combination with dielectric padding to compare contrast improvement. Tissue segmentation was performed to assess the effect of dielectric pads on gray and white matter separately.

Results

GluCEST images demonstrated contrast enhancement in the lateral temporal lobe regions with dielectric pad placement. Tissue segmentation analysis showed an increase in correction effectiveness within the gray matter tissue compared to white matter tissue. Statistical testing suggested a significant difference in gluCEST contrast when pads were used and showed a difference in the gray matter tissue segment.

Conclusion

The use of dielectric pads improved the B1+ field homogeneity and enhanced gluCEST contrast for all subjects when compared to data that did not incorporate padding.
Mass spectrometry detection of monkeypox virus: Comprehensive coverage for ranking the most responsive peptide markers
Authors: Lozano Clément , Grenga Lucia , Gallais Fabrice , Miotello Guylaine , Bellanger Laurent , Armengaud Jean
Published: August 2022

The recent and sudden outbreak of monkeypox in numerous non‐endemic countries requires expanding its surveillance immediately and understanding its origin and spread. As learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic, appropriate detection techniques are crucial to achieving such a goal. Mass spectrometry has the advantages of a rapid response, low analytical interferences, better precision, and easier multiplexing to detect various pathogens and their variants. In this proteomic dataset, we report experimental data on the proteome of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recorded by state‐of‐the‐art shotgun proteomics, including data‐dependent and data‐independent acquisition for comprehensive coverage. We highlighted 152 viral proteins, corresponding to an overall proteome coverage of 79.5 %. Among the 1371 viral peptides detected, 35 peptides with the most intense signals in mass spectrometry were selected, representing a subset of 13 viral proteins. Their relevance as potential candidate markers for virus detection by targeted mass spectrometry is discussed. This report should assist the rapid development of mass spectrometry‐based tests to detect a pathogen of increasing concern.
Effective Theory of Warped Compactifications and the Implications for KKLT
Authors: Lüst Severin , Randall Lisa
Published: August 2022

We argue that effective actions for warped compactifications can be subtle, with large deviations in the effective potential from naive expectations owing to constraint equations from the higher‐dimensional metric. We demonstrate this deviation in a careful computation of the effective potential for the conifold deformation parameter of the Klebanov‐Strassler solution. The uncorrected naive effective potential for the conifold was previously used to argue that the Klebanov‐Strassler background would be destabilized by antibranes placed at the conifold infrared tip unless the flux was uncomfortably large. We show this result is too strong because the formerly neglected constraint equations eliminate the features of the potential that allowed for the instability in the de Sitter uplift of the KKLT scenario.
Identification of potential sex determination genes and functional analyses in Neoseiulus californicus under prey stress
Authors: Zhu Rui , Guo Jianjun , Li Gang , Liu Rundong , Yi Tianci , Jin Daochao
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Phytoseiid mites are important natural enemies of spider mites. Sex‐determination mechanism are important basic scientific issues in the reproduction and evolution of predatory mites. Clarifying sex‐determination mechanism may provide reference for exploring genetic approach to have the phytoseiid mites produce more female offspring, which could improve their effectiveness as a biological control agent.

RESULTS

We used transcriptome sequencing to identify and characterize 20 putative sex‐determination genes in the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus californicus, a species with uncommon pseudo‐arrhenotoky, including doublesex‐like (dsx1‐like), transformer‐2 (tra‐2), intersex (ix), and fruitless‐like (BTB2). A significant negative correlation was found between prey stress and offspring sex ratio. But the most genes identified showed no difference in expression between the groups with lowest and highest female offspring ratios. The hatching rate and sex ratio of female offspring were reduced when the ix gene was silenced, and the oviposition days and fecundity were reduced when the BTB2 gene was silenced. The fecundity was reduced when the tra2 gene was silenced and the snf gene is essential for oviposition in female. There was no effect on reproduction and female sex determination when silencing the dsx1‐like and dsx2‐like gene.

CONCLUSION

The genes BTB2, tra2 and snf are involved in oviposition, and ix may be involved in female sex determination and egg formation in Neoseiulus californicus. The results are conductive to further understanding molecular regulatory mechanism of sex determination in predatory mites and may provide a reference for better use of this predatory by producing more females. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.