bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axonal pathways to the lateral superior olive labeled with biotinylated dextran amine injections in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats
Authors: Doucet John R. , Ryugo David K.
Published: May 2003

The lateral superior olive (LSO) contains cells that are sensitive to intensity differences between the two ears, a feature used by the brain to localize sounds in space. This report describes a source of input to the LSO that complements bushy cell projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of the rat label axons and swellings in several brainstem structures, including the ipsilateral LSO. Labeling in the ipsilateral LSO was confined to a thin band that extended throughout the length of the structure such that it resembled an LSO isofrequency lamina. The source of this labeled pathway was not obvious, because DCN neurons do not project to the LSO, and VCN bushy cells were not filled by these injections. Filled neurons in several brainstem structures emerged as possible sources. Three observations suggest that most of the axonal labeling in the LSO derives from a single source. First, the number of labeled VCN planar multipolar cells and the amount of labeling in the LSO were consistent and robust across animals. In contrast, the number of labeled cells in most other structures was small and highly variable. Second, the locations of planar cells and filled axons in the LSO were related topographically to the position of the DCN injection site. Third, labeled terminal arborizations in the LSO arose from collaterals of axons in the trapezoid body (output tract of planar cells). We infer that planar multipolar cells, in addition to bushy cells, are a source of ascending input from the cochlear nucleus to the LSO. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:452–465, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new method of damping harmonic resonance at the DC link in a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Fujikawa Shinji , Funabiki Shigeyuki
Published: May 2003

This paper proposes a new method of damping harmonic resonance in the DC link of a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system, such as in rapid‐transit railways. A voltage‐source PWM converter is connected in series to the DC capacitor of the rectifier through a matching transformer, acting as a damping resistor to the DC capacitor current. No filters are needed to extract harmonic components from the DC capacitor current. This results in a quick response and highly stable damping. The relationship between the control gain of the PWM converter and the required rating is theoretically discussed. We show that the required rating is less than one‐thousandth of that previously proposed. In particular, regenerating the power consumed by the PWM converter is very important because of the large power in practical systems. Normally, an additional PWM inverter is connected to the DC bus of the PWM converter to regenerate the consumed power. The additional inverter regenerates the DC power to the AC source through a transformer. This method, however, makes the damping circuit complex, thus the proposed method for the DC‐link harmonic resonance is less practicable. In this paper, a simple and novel scheme that utilizes the DC‐link voltage of the rectifier as a DC source for the PWM converter is proposed. The excellent practicability of the proposed damping method with the novel regenerating scheme is confirmed using digital computer simulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 53–62, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10172
Analysis of electromagnetic field transient on branch feeders by numerical electromagnetic field computation
Authors: Hasegawa Isao , Kato Shohei , Hirai Takao , Takinami Tutomu , Okabe Shigemitu
Published: May 2003

This paper presents the fundamental surge phenomenon when a step voltage is applied to a horizontal line above the ground which has branch feeders. We study line current and voltage at joint with the method of moments that calculates electromagnetic field in frequency domain. It is widely noted that the current reflection factor changes to a third at the junction of the same three lines in conventional transmission line theory based on TEM wave, and the stepwise current reflected appears overlapping to the incident current. On the other hand, the reflected current from the joint shows the inductive characteristic or the capacitive one depending on the angle between lines, which varies gradually and not stepwise in our numerical analysis considering TM wave. The time characteristic of the voltage at joint depends on the angles also, and the peak voltage slightly exceeds the voltage by the transmission line theory. These phenomena are caused by the electromagnetic coupling between the main line and branch lines. In addition to the computer simulations, we measured the currents in the reduced‐scale model lines and the results show the validity of our analysis regarding changes of the reflected current depending on the angles. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 1–8, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10176
Position and speed sensorless control for IPMSM based on estimation of position error
Authors: Morimoto Shigeo , Kawamoto Keisuke , Takeda Yoji
Published: May 2003

In most variable‐speed drives of PMSM, some type of shaft sensor such as an optical encoder or resolver is connected to the rotor shaft. However, such sensor presents several disadvantages such as drive cost, machine size, reliability, and noise immunity. Therefore, the sensorless control of PMSM is desired and various sensorless control strategies have been investigated. This paper presents a novel sensorless control strategy for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new model of IPMSM using an extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized in order to estimate both position and speed. The extended EMF is estimated by the least‐order observer, and the estimation position error is directly obtained. The proposed scheme corrects the estimated position and speed so that the estimation position error becomes zero. The proposed system is very simple and the design of the controller is easy. Several drive tests are carried out and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 43–52, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10180
A study of PWM carrier settings and harmonic reduction of a multiply connected voltage source type AC/DC converter
Authors: Funaki Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Shunsuke
Published: May 2003

This paper discusses the voltage harmonics generated from the multiple connected voltage source type self‐commutated converter, which is switched with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal generated by comparing sinusoidal signal wave with triangle carrier wave. The conventional harmonics analysis of the multiple connected converters directly calculates Fourier coefficients to the output waveform. This paper formularized the harmonics component of single converter in a convenient expression for the analysis of multiple connected converters using the multiple Fourier transform. The obtained equations not only can give harmonics of the multiple connected converters easily, but also can give index to determine the suitable settings of the PWM carrier for harmonics reduction. The theoretical design of the harmonics reduction of the converter output is confirmed through EMTP simulations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 16–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10184
DC magnetic deviation in the matching transformer of a series active filter, and its suppression
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Srianthumrong Sunt , Akagi Hirofumi , Fujita Hideaki
Published: May 2003

This paper deals with a series active filter for harmonic‐current compensation of a large‐capacity diode rectifier with a capacitive load. Flux saturation may occur in a series matching transformer for connecting the series active filter to the ac side of the diode rectifier. This paper develops an analog controller of a dc magnetizing current flowing in the matching transformer, along with a model for the controller, to avoid the flux saturation. Operating characteristics of the controller are theoretically and experimentally discussed, taking into account both an offset voltage in the controller and an error in a current sensor. Finally, this paper discusses a relation between magnetizing characteristics of the matching transformer and the amplitude of the magnetizing current. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 63–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10188
An analytical study of the plasma conditions and performance of an MHD generator
Authors: Murakami Tomoyuki , Nakata Yoshitaka , Okuno Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Hiroyuki
Published: May 2003

In order to investigate the effects of plasma conditions on fluid‐dynamical prediction of the performance of an MHD generator, local steady‐state calculations are employed. The effective Hall parameter and effective electrical conductivity are estimated by taking the linear theory of ionization instability into account. The results of analytical calculations are compared with experimental ones. Although a fully ionized seed condition, which suppresses instability, provides the highest power generation performance, the condition could be realized only at a high seed fraction in the experiments. It is suggested by the analysis that the fully ionized seed plasma produced at a low seed fraction is desirable in order to achieve high performance. The analysis implies that instability due to insufficient or excessive electron temperatures is a performance‐limiting factor. The effects of plasma conditions on performance are clearly explained by the present simple analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 9–15, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10196
Development of a laser radar using LDS dye and sum frequency generation for NO2 measurement
Authors: Mori Hideto , Nayuki Takuya , Cao Nianwen , Fukuchi Tetsuo , Fujii Takashi , Nemoto Koshichi , Takeuchi Nobuo
Published: May 2003

A laser radar for measuring vertical concentration profiles of atmospheric NO2 was developed. The laser transmitter uses an LDS765 dye laser pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. The dye laser output is converted to wavelengths 446.8 and 448.1 nm, which are used for NO2 measurement, by sum frequency generation (SFG) using a pair of KD*P crystals. The dependence of the LDS765 dye laser output on wavelength and dye concentration was investigated, and the performance of the laser transmitter was evaluated. Compared to the Coumarin 445 dye laser conventionally used for NO2 measurement, this laser transmitter represents a significant improvement in output stability, as well as in maximum output energy and overall conversion efficiency. Using the newly developed laser radar, NO2 concentrations of 20 to 40 ppb were measured for vertical range 500 to 1000 m, which were in rough agreement with values monitored on the ground. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 26–33, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10231
Influence of the type of olive‐crusher used on the quality of extra virgin olive oils
Authors: Caponio Francesco , Gomes Tommaso , Summo Carmine , Pasqualone Antonella
Published: May 2003

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the quality of virgin olive oils obtained when either a hammer‐crusher or a disk‐crusher were used for the olive paste preparation; the effect of the temperature rise caused by rapid olive crushing was also assessed. Oxidative degradation in the oils obtained from hammer‐crushed olives was significantly higher than in those obtained from disk‐crushed olives as shown by the levels of oxidised triacylglycerols and the results of the oven test. A significant inverse correlation (p <0.001) was found between the Rancimat induction time values and the amounts of oxidised triacylglycerols as determined by the high‐performance size exclusion chromatography analysis of polar compounds. These findings suggested that polar compound analyses, just as routine analyses, may be used as a suitable analytical tool to effectively evaluate the quality of virgin olive oils.
Influence of heating time and oxygen availability on lipid oxidation in meat emulsions
Authors: Andreo Alejandra I. , Doval Mirtha M. , Romero Ana M. , Judis Maria A.
Published: May 2003

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of heating time and oxygen availability on lipid oxidation during chill storage, using different step indicators, in a meat emulsion model.

Lipid oxidation was measured by conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides and 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation on raw and cooked meat emulsion at 80 °C in different oxygen availability bags, at 0 °C during 35 d.

The results obtained showed that heat treatment and oxygen availability affected conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides and 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation during chill storage. Besides cooked meat emulsion did not have a similar behaviour to that of raw samples.

Thus, is very important to follow primary and secondary products of oxidative deterioration to understand the effect of heat treatment and oxygen availability overall lipid oxidation process in meat emulsion.
Some physical properties of castor oil esters and hydrogenated castor oil esters
Authors: Kulkarni Mangesh G. , Sawant Sudhirprakash B.
Published: May 2003

Esters of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil were prepared with C6, C12, C16, C18 fatty acids, using tetra‐n‐butyl titanate as a catalyst and n‐butyl benzene as a water entrainer. Physical properties such as melting point, refractive index, viscosity, and specific gravity of these esters were measured. Slip melting points of the esters were very low in both cases. These esters did not crystallize even at low temperature. The highest slip melting point obtained was 21 °C with stearoyl hydrogenated castor oil ester and lowest slip melting point obtained was —6 °C with hexanoyl castor oil ester.
Effects of seed damage on the oxidative stability of poppy seed oil
Authors: Wagner Karl‐Heinz , Isnardy Bettina , Elmadfa Ibrahim
Published: May 2003

This study was conducted to assess the reduction of life time and quality of poppy seeds considering a mechanical damage, which may occur during harvesting.

Vienna, Vienna, Austria Poppy seeds were crushed to receive 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50% intact seeds, the undamaged 100% intact seeds served as controls. The samples were stored at 40 °C for 175 d and oxidation experiments performed periodically by assessing conjugated dienes, p‐anisidine reactive products, the iodine value, the acid value and γ‐tocopherol content.

With increasing degree of mechanical damage the shelf life declined, the oxidation products were formed more rapidly and the main antioxidant in poppy seeds γ‐tocopherol was consumed. Considering the reduction of life time by including all quality parameters the shelf life of the 10% damaged seeds was reduced by 50.5%. This reduction was reached up to 82% for the 50% damaged seeds compared to the control. A high correlation was found between the increase in oxidation products and the degradation of γ‐tocopherol.

This study show that increased damage during harvesting (10‐50%) is responsible for a faster loss of product quality especially in seeds containing high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids like poppy seeds.
Lipids and phenols in table olives
Authors: Bianchi Giorgio
Published: May 2003

The olive fruit is essentially constituted by the epicarp, or skin, mesocarp, or pulp, and the endocarp, or stone, and the latter includes the seed. Table olives (also called eating olives) are prepared from healthy, specifically cultivated, olive varieties picked at the right maturation stage and whose quality, after appropriate processing, corresponds to that of an edible well preserved product. The most important industrial preparations of table olives are the Spanish (or Sevillian) for green olives, the Californian for oxidised black olives, and the Greek for naturally black olives.

In the Spanish and Californian procedures, olives are treated with a diluted aqueous NaOH solution, that brings about several changes in the susceptible classes of compounds in the fruit. Note, however, that the composition of the triglycerides remain unaffected by these procedures. After the treatment the olives are rinsed to remove the alkali, and the fruit is then left to ferment in brine for several months. The production of naturally black olives in brine, according to the Greek traditional method, is a simple, natural process which does not use chemicals. The main phenols in the olive are oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol (β(3‐4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol), tyrosol (β(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) and verbascoside; the major polycyclic triterpenes are the oleanolic and maslinic acids. The NaOH treatment hydrolysed oleuropein into β(3‐4‐dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol, oleoside 11‐methylester and oleoside. These last glucosides and the oleuropein itself, in acidic medium, yielded glucose and a number of compounds called, collectively, oleuropein aglycones. During the fermentation process phenols diffuse from the pulp into the brine. Also, even during the alkaline treatment, there is the rapid diffusion of the pentacyclic oleanolic and maslinic acids salts into the brine.
Organically Modified Sol‐Gel/Chitosan Composite Based Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Chen Xu , Jia Jianbo , Dong Shaojun
Published: May 2003

A new type of organically modified sol‐gel/chitosan composite material was developed and used for the construction of glucose biosensor. This material provided good biocompatibility and the stabilizing microenvironment around the enzyme. Ferrocene was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode as a mediator. The characteristics of the biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The effects of enzyme‐loading, buffer pH, applied potential and several interferences on the response of the enzyme electrode were investigated. The simple and low‐cost glucose biosensor exhibited high sensitivity and good stability.
Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of DNA on Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes
Authors: Ferapontova Elena E. , Domínguez Elena
Published: May 2003

Electrochemical CV and SWV studies were performed with double stranded DNA from salmon testes (dsDNA) and single stranded DNAs, containing 25 nucleotides (ssDNA) directly adsorbed at polycrystalline Au electrodes. A distinct oxidation peak at +730 mV (SWV, scan rate 0.248 V s−1) or at +730 – +780 mV (CV, scan rate from 0.3 to 1 V s−1) was obtained with DNA‐modified Au electrodes after a time‐dependent prepolarization step at a positive potential value, i.e., at +500 mV (vs. Ag|AgCl), performed with the DNA‐modified Au electrodes dipped in a blank buffer solution. No electrochemical activity was detected when ssDNA, containing no guanines, was used for adsorptive modification of the Au electrodes. Electrochemical impedance measurements registered a possible reorganization of the adsorbed DNA layer in the course of the prepolarization, accompanied by decreasing in‐phase impedance. The results enable us to relate the oxidation process observed at the DNA‐modified Au electrodes with the oxidation of guanine residues in DNA.
A Model for Characterization of Successive Hydrogen Bonding Interactions with Electrochemically Generated Charged Species. The Quinone Electroreduction in the Presence of Donor Protons
Authors: Gómez Martín , González Felipe J. , González Ignacio
Published: May 2003

In this work, it is considered that charged molecules, such as the semiquinone (Q.−) and the benzoquinone dianion (Q2−), interact with weak donor protons (DH) via hydrogen bonding through consecutive association steps which depend on the concentration of DH. On the basis of a reversible voltammetric behavior, a model is presented for determining integer numbers of associated molecules of DH and the thermodynamic constants (βi) related with each association equilibrium. The electrochemical reduction of 1,4‐benzoquinone (Q) in the presence of different aliphatic alcohols and diols, in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), illustrates the utility of the model. Based on analysis of half‐wave potential variation according to the DH concentration, the association constants were determined for the Q.− and Q2− complexes with the different alcohols studied and mole‐fraction distribution diagrams were constructed. These diagrams explain the fractional values, produced using the typical model, widely reported in the literature, for study the hydrogen bonding between the electrochemically generated charged species with donor protons.
Voltammetric Behavior and Determination of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Presence of Other Antioxidants Using PLS Calibration
Authors: Galeano Diaz Teresa , Espinosa‐Mansilla Anunciación , Murillo Belén Roldán , Salinas Francisco
Published: May 2003

The voltammetric behavior of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) has been studied (glassy carbon electrode, 20% acetonitrile‐water medium) with different techniques. A DPV procedure is proposed to determine NDGA alone, at pH 4.0 with Britton‐Robinson buffer. The sampled DC mode, together with the PLS type 1 multivariate approach, allows us to analyze NDGA in presence of TBHQ and PG. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of NDGA in different samples of olive oil, sunflower oil and packet soup, with, in general, satisfactory recovery results.
The Protective Nature of Dodecanethiol Self‐Assembled Monolayers Deposited on Au for the Electropolymerization of 3‐Methylthiophene
Authors: Gonçalves Débora , Irene Eugene A.
Published: May 2003

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of dodecanethiol spontaneously deposited on Au were investigated as electrodes for the electropolymerization of 3‐methylthiophene. The bare Au and SAM‐Au electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopic ellipsometry in order to study their surface characteristics. The SAMs on Au showed a thickness of 15–20 Å and a densely packed nature that precluded dissolution of Au during the polymer growth in non‐aqueous acidic solutions. The electrodeposition of poly‐3‐methylthiophene films on the bare and SAM‐Au electrodes was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The presence of the SAM on the electrode surface inhibited the first stages of polymerization of 3‐methylthiophene, but after an induction time, compact and uniform films were obtained on the SAM‐Au electrodes.
Dendrimer Modified Thiolated Gold Surfaces as Sensor Devices for Halogenated Alkyl‐Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Medium. A Promising New Type of Surfaces for Electroanalytical Applications
Authors: Ledesma‐García J. , Manríquez J. , Gutiérrez‐Granados S. , Godínez Luis A.
Published: May 2003

Thiolated gold electrodes bearing either carboxylic or amino terminal groups were exposed to dilute PAMAM dendrimer aqueous solutions in which the ramified polymers have the complementary opposite charge. The novel interfaces that result from dendrimer electrostatic aggregation, were then probed as electrochemical sensors for three halogenated carboxylic acid compounds in aqueous solution. The results show an increased sensitivity for the electrochemical detection of the three acids using the modified surfaces as compared to bare gold electrodes. The use of this type of novel interfacial architecture, is presented as a potentially new and important approach for the development of electroanalytical sensors for the detection of organic contaminants in water.
Label‐Free Bioelectronic Detection of Point Mutation by Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes
Authors: Kerman Kagan , Ozkan Dilsat , Kara Pinar , Erdem Arzum , Meric Burcu , Nielsen Peter E. , Ozsoz Mehmet
Published: May 2003

An electrochemical hybridization biosensor based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes with a label‐free protocol is described. The detection of PNA‐DNA and DNA‐DNA hybridizations were accomplished based on the oxidation signal of guanine by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at carbon paste electrode (CPE). It was observed that the oxidation signals of guanine obtained from the PNA and DNA probe modified CPEs were higher than those obtained from the PNA‐DNA and DNA‐DNA hybrid modified CPEs due to the accessible unbound guanine bases. The detection of hybridization between PNA probe and point mutation containing DNA target sequences was clearly observed due to the difference of the oxidation signals of guanine bases, because the point mutation was guanine nearly at the middle of the sequence. The effect of the DNA target concentration on the hybridization signal was also observed. The PNA probe was also challenged with excessive and equal amount of noncomplementary DNA and also mixtures of point mutation and target DNA.
Computers, e‐mail and therapy in eating disorders
Authors: Robinson Paul , Serfaty Marc
Published: May 2003

Many ethical and practical questions have been asked in relation to the delivery of therapy via e‐mail including: is therapy delivered via e‐mail acceptable to clients? Are people recruited into treatment via an e‐mailed advertisement similar to a clinical sample? Is such therapy effective? Is there a therapeutic relationship which involves expression of emotion, therapist empathy, and other features of the face‐to‐face therapeutic interaction? Is such therapy safe? This paper attempts to answer these questions based on findings from ongoing studies on the use of cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) delivered via e‐mail to individuals with bulimic disorders. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Myers Tricia , Swan‐Kremeier Lorraine , Wonderlich Steve
Published: May 2003

The authors are involved in an ongoing trial comparing the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine versus delivered via an on‐site therapist. The overall purpose of the study is to see if psychotherapy can be delivered effectively via telemedicine, and if such administration is acceptable to patients. This trial evolved out of growing concerns that manual‐based psychotherapies for various psychiatric conditions are not widely available, particularly to people in rural areas. Some of the practical aspects of delivering psychotherapy via telemedicine are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The use of palmtop computers in the treatment of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Norton Margo , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Myers Tricia , Mitchell James E. , Crosby Ross D.
Published: May 2003

Palmtop computers may provide an innovative and effective extension of psychotherapeutic treatment for eating disorders. Palmtop applications have been used historically in studies utilizing ecological momentary assessment methodology, and in this capacity their portability and immediacy have been advantageous. In this paper, a new treatment for bulimia nervosa will be described which includes palmtop modules as therapy extension devices. The format of the therapy will be reviewed along with the specific content of the modules. Advantages of such microcomputer applications will be discussed, as well as methodological challenges. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Factors determining uptake of a CD‐ROM‐based CBT self‐help treatment for bulimia: patient characteristics and subjective appraisals of self‐help treatment
Authors: Murray Kathryn , Pombo‐Carril Maria Guadelupe , Bara‐Carril Nuria , Grover Miriam , Reid Yael , Langham Chris , Birchall Helen , Williams Chris , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: May 2003

Background:

Cognitive‐behavioural self‐help treatments are widely advocated as the first step in the management of bulimia nervosa. Very little is known about the characteristics and attitudes of patients who are able to utilize self‐help treatments.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to identify whether there are any pre‐treatment differences in patient characteristics and patients' expectations about computerized self‐help between those who do or do not take up this type of treatment.

Subjects and Methods:

81 patients who were offered a CD‐ROM‐based self‐help treatment for bulimia nervosa completed baseline assessments including a questionnaire assessing their attitudes to and past experiences with self‐help, confidence in using a computer and knowledge about and ability to manage aspects of their eating disorder.

Results:

Patients who did not take up the CD‐ROM‐based treatment had a significantly lower expectation of the usefulness of self‐help for themselves but not for others. There were no baseline differences between groups in terms of mean BMI and symptom severity, in particular there were no differences in previous utilization of self‐help or attitudes to previous self‐help, or differences in confidence in using a computer. Qualitative comments of participants who failed to take up the package highlighted a diverse range of concerns and anxieties about computer treatment, some of which were based on misunderstandings about this treatment.

Conclusions:

These findings show that patients' views about self‐help need to be carefully explored and misconceptions corrected if self‐help treatment is to be considered by a subgroup of patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Use of text messaging in the aftercare of patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Bauer S. , Percevic R. , Okon E. , Meermann R. , Kordy H.
Published: May 2003

The development of a text messaging (SMS) based intervention for the aftercare treatment of bulimia nervosa is reported. The programme is offered to bulimic patients for 6 months following discharge from inpatient psychotherapy in a German hospital for psychosomatic medicine. The intervention consists of weekly messages from the patients on their bulimic symptomatology and a corresponding weekly feedback that is a mixture of pre‐programmed parts and individually tailored information. An ongoing pilot study is described, designed to investigate the acceptance, the practicability, and the effectiveness of the intervention. Preliminary results indicate that the programme is well‐accepted and gives support to bulimic patients after finishing inpatient treatment. Advantages and limitations of the use of the SMS intervention programme in the treatment of bulimia nervosa are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
E‐mail therapy for anorexia nervosa: prospects and limitations
Authors: Yager Joel
Published: May 2003

Demographic and clinical characteristics indicate high acceptance of e‐mail by outpatients with anorexia nervosa. Patients report that frequent e‐mail contact provides them with the experience of greater contact with their clinicians and requires them to be more attentive to therapeutic tasks. Routine logs of calorie counts and symptoms may be communicated by e‐mail on a frequent basis, freeing up office time for better discussions. Informal investigations in a case series of outpatients with anorexia nervosa suggest that e‐mail can offer a useful adjunct to treatment. No adverse consequences have been experienced. Clinicians using e‐mail in this fashion must attend to legal and ethical concerns about e‐mail communication. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Podocarpoxylon helmstedtianumGottwald from Kučlín (Late Eocene, Czech Republic) reinterpreted as Tetraclinoxylon vulcanensePrivé
Authors: Sakala J.
Published: May 2003

A big silicified trunk from the Late Eocene locality of Kučlín was originally identified as Podocarpoxylon helmstedtianum Gottwald and preliminarily associated with co‐occurring twigs and cone scales of Doliostrobus taxiformis (Sternb.) Z.Kvaček. However, the new diagnosis of the genus Doliostrobus, recently complemented by the characteristics of secondary wood of twigs, does not support such an attribution. On the basis of a new analysis of wood structures and comparisons, the fossil wood from Kučlín is reinterpreted as Tetraclinoxylon vulcanense Privé, and associated with twigs and seeds of Tetraclinis salicornioides (Unger) Z. Kvaček, the second conifer recorded at this locality.
Verbreitung und Differenzierung der mitteleuropäischen Unterarten von Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnst. (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Clermont A. , Hilger H. H. , Zippel E.
Published: May 2003

In Mitteleuropa sind zwei Unterarten des Ackersteinsamens (Buglossoides arvensis subsp. arvensis, B. arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana) verbreitet. Die molekularbiologische Untersuchung der nucleären ITS1‐Region von 55 mitteleuropäischen Belegen verdeutlicht die Eigenständigkeit der beiden Sippen. Innerhalb des 238 Basenpaare langen Markers unterscheiden sich die Unterarten durch 15 Substitutionen (6,4 %). Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Unterarten bisher aufgrund ihrer morphologischen Plastizität oft verwechselt und Häufigkeit und Verbreitung der Subspecies sibthorpiana unterschätzt wurden. Morphologisch lassen sich die beiden Unterarten anhand folgender Merkmale unterscheiden: Buglossoides arvensis subsp. arvensis besitzt längliche Keimblätter, eine gerade Gynobasis, einen unverdickten, geraden Pedicellus sowie cremefarbene oder selten leicht rosa gefärbte Blüten. Buglossoides arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana zeichnet sich durch runde Keimblätter, eine zur Fruchtzeit leicht zur Blütenstandsachse geneigte Gynobasis, einen schiefen, verdickten Pedicellus an den unteren Früchten und blaue, rosa oder cremefarben gefärbte Blüten aus. Weiterhin unterscheiden sich die Unterarten in ihren ökologischen Ansprüchen: B. arvensis subsp. arvensis kommt nur als Ackerunkraut vor, B. arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana wächst sowohl auf Ackerstandorten als auch auf Trockenrasen, sandigen Ruderalflächen oder in trockenen, lichten Wäldern.
Leaf surface, pollen morphology, fungal biodiversity and leaf spots of some wild plants in Sinai, Egypt
Authors: El Naggar S. M. , Abdel Hafez S. I. I.
Published: May 2003

Leaf surface, pollen morphology and fungal biodiversity as well as leaf spots have been investigated in four native species (Cleome amblyocarpa, Cleomaceae;Haplophyllumtuberculatum, Rutaceae;Pluchea dioscoridis, Asteraceae; andSolanum elaeagnifolium, Solanaceae) of the flora of Egypt. The mycological analysis of 40 samples of each leaves and anthers/pollen grains of the above four wild plants revealed the isolation of 61 fungal species and one variety belonging to 28 genera on plates of 2 % cellulose‐Czapek‐Dox agar at 25 °C. The most common fungi wereAlternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,Cladosporium herbarumandFusarium oxysporumorF. solani. Also, some fungi were prevalent only on a specific taxon such asCochliobolus spiciferandMacrophomaphaseolinaon leaves ofSolanum elaeagnifolium,Aspergillus tamariiandA. terreuson the leaves and anthers/pollen ofPluchea dioscoridisandChaetomium globosum, Ch.jodhurenseandHumicola griseaon the anthers/pollen ofSolanum elaeagnifolium.

The present results revealed that the size, density of hairs and sculptures of the leaf surface almost seem to be the most reliable factors of the fungal biodiversity on the studied plant species. On the other hand, scabrate pollen surface ofSolanum elaeagnifoliumhad a wider spectrum of fungal biodiversity and higher density of spores compared with other pollen surfaces in the examined taxa.

Direct examination of leaves of the four plant species showed various degrees ofAlternaria, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Drechslera, PleosporaandUlocladium, leaf spots.
Fluid flow and heat transfer of natural convection around large horizontal cylinders: Experiments with air
Authors: Misumi Toshiyuki , Suzuki Koji , Kitamura Kenzo
Published: May 2003

Natural convective flows of air around large horizontal cylinders were investigated experimentally. The main concerns were the turbulent transition mechanisms and the heat transfer characteristics of turbulent flows. The cylinders were heated with uniform heat flux and their diameters were varied from 200 to 1200 mm to enable experiments over a wide range of modified Rayleigh numbers, RaD* = 1.0 × 108 to 5.5 × 1011. The flow fields around the cylinders were visualized with smoke to investigate the turbulent transition mechanisms. The results show that three‐dimensional flow separations occur first at the trailing edge of the cylinder when RaD* exceeds 3.5 × 109, and the separation points shift upstream with increasing Rayleigh numbers. These separations become a trigger to the turbulent transition and transitional and turbulent flows appear downstream of the separations at higher Rayleigh numbers. However, they occupy a relatively small portion of the cylinder surfaces even at the maximum Rayleigh numbers of the present experiments. The local heat transfer coefficients were also measured. The results show that the coefficients are increased significantly in the transitional and turbulent regions compared with the laminar coefficients. Moreover, the present results for air were compared with previous results for water and the effects of Prandtl number on the flow and heat transfer were discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(4): 293–305, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10080
Experimental study of the flow boiling heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop due to the bubble behavior restricted by a screen sheet
Authors: Kadoguchi Katsuhiko , Tashiro Morifumi
Published: May 2003

A unique method previously proposed by the authors was applied to the heat transfer augmentation in the flow boiling field. In this method a screen sheet was placed on the horizontal heated surface where bubble nucleation occurred. Generated vapor bubbles were trapped between the screen and the wall, became flat, and moved along the surface. This restricted bubble behavior caused the heat transfer enhancement. Three types of screen sheet were tested in the present experiment and the effect of the screen on the heat transfer and two‐phase flow characteristics was investigated. In two of these cases, the screen was displaced upward by the bubble nucleation. Compared with the ordinary flow boiling case, heat transfer was enhanced by a factor of 1.2 to 6 within the present experimental range. Using a simple flow model, it was made clear that the effect of the height of the displaced screen was important in evaluating the increase in pressure drop. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(4): 319–329, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10094
Heat transfer regulation in a rectangular enclosure using a rotating plate
Authors: Kimura Teruo , Takeuchi Masanori , Nagai Niroh , Kataoka Yoshiaki , Yoshida Tetsuya
Published: May 2003

The effects of an inner rotating plate with horizontal axis on the heat transfer in a differentially heated vertical enclosure were investigated experimentally. The aspect ratio of the enclosure height/width was 1 throughout the experiments. An acrylic plate with a small thermal conductivity was installed horizontally at the center of the square enclosure, and was rotated at various speeds for normal and reverse rotations by using the motor attached outside of the enclosure. Purified water was used as the working fluid. The flow pattern was sketched by a visualization experiment using aluminum powder. The heat transfer results were also compared with those from a previous paper on a rotating cylinder. It is clarified here that the heat transfer rate of the enclosure depends largely on the parameter Grw/Reω2, and is characterized by three regions. The heat transfer rate of the enclosure with a rotating plate is somewhat larger than that of a rotating cylinder in the forced convection region. The rotating plate used here will be useful for regulation of wide‐ranging heat transfer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(4): 342–353, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10099
Biomonitoring Survey of Trace Metal Pollution in Streams of a Catchment Draining a Zinc and Lead Mining Area of Upper Silesia, Poland Using the Amphipod Gammarus fossarum
Authors: Fialkowski Wojciech , Fialkowska Edyta , Smith Brian D. , Rainbow Philip S.
Published: May 2003

We have used accumulated metal concentration data to investigate variability in the bioavailabilities of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and iron to the amphipod Gammarus fossarum inhabiting the Biala Przemsza river system draining an area of lead and zinc mining. The highest bioavailabilities of most of the metals were found in a stream carrying water from mine drainage and flotation processes. Significant amounts of bioavailable cadmium entered via another stream receiving waters from ore processing. The bioavailabilities of copper varied little, indicating the lack of a local point source of entry. All metals other than copper showed seasonal variations with the highest concentrations recorded in October. Comparative data show the Biala Przemsza system to be contaminated with cadmium, lead, zinc and iron. The data presented exemplify metal concentration ranges in G. fossarum inhabiting industrial areas, and can be used as a reference for future surveys involving this species in Central Europe.
Chromate tolerance caused by reduced hydroxyl radical production and decreased glutathione reductase activity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Gazdag Zoltán , Pócsi István , Belágyi József , Emri Tamás , Blaskó Ágnes , Takács Krisztina , Pesti Miklós
Published: May 2003

The stable Cr(VI)‐tolerant chr1‐66T mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which carries one simple gene mutation responsible for Cr(VI) tolerance, accumulated and reduced the chromate anion (CrO42–) significantly more slowly than did its parental strain 6chr+. The mutant chr1‐66T proved to be sensitive to oxidative stressors such as H2O2, menadione, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and Cd2+. Both the Cr(VI) tolerance and the oxidative stress sensitivity were attributed to a decreased specific glutathione reductase activity. These effects were also enhanced with a decrease in the specific mitochondrial Mn‐SOD activity.
Chiral separation of some non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on tartardiamide DMB chiral stationary phase by HPLC
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: May 2003

Selected non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely racemic flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, fenprofen, tiaprofenic acid, ketoprofen, and tolmetin were resolved on Kromasil tartardiamide‐DMB chiral stationary phase. Optimum resolution was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of hexane: tert‐butyl methyl ether:acetic acid (75 : 25 : 0.1 v/v/v) at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The capacity (k), separation (α), and resolution factors (Rs) are reported. The mechanisms of chiral recognition between the analytes and the chiral selector are discussed.
Analysis of underivatized amino acids in protein hydrolysates for cosmetic application by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Fujiya Neide Mitsue , Tavares Marina Franco Maggi
Published: May 2003

In this work, the use of two chromophores, 3,5‐dinitrobenzoate and phthalate, and the additives α‐cyclodextrin and methanol was investigated with the goal of developing three electrolyte systems for the capillary electrophoretic analysis of free underivatized amino acids in commercially available protein hydrolysates of diverse origin: keratin, silk fiber, milk, soybean, fish tissue, and cattle leather. Sixteen amino acids could be effectively separated by two distinct methods. Several amino acids were identified in the studied hydrolysates and confirmed by spiking techniques. As expected, those products which originated from acidic hydrolysis were richer in free amino acids than those which originated from enzymatic hydrolysis. The quantitative determination of Asp, Glu, Cys, Ser, and Pro in Queratan, a keratin hydrolysate, was also performed and some method validation parameters were established. The coefficient of variation for migration time was better than 1% for all amino acids except Asp, Leu, Lys, and Pro. Overall, peak height repeatability was slightly better than peak area. Calibration curves based on peak heights present a good fit, with coefficients of correlation better than 0.99. The LOD for the amino acids identified in Queratan ranged from 1.0 to 7.0 mg L–1.
The influence of internet‐retailing factors on price expectations
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Munger Jeanne L. , Iyer Gopalkrishnan R. , Levy Michael
Published: May 2003

Internet retailing has significantly changed the character of retail competition. More and more often, ordinary consumers, not just the technologically savvy ones, are making purchases over the Internet. The extent to which e‐tailers can build trust will significantly influence the willingness of consumers to make purchases over the Internet. As a result, it is important to better understand the factors that influence consumers' trust in e‐tailers. This research models the effects of store name, on‐line security guarantee, and money‐back guarantee on price expectations and willingness to buy. The results suggest that value‐enhancing approaches, like assurances of security encryption and money‐back guarantees, are more important for less well‐known e‐tailers than for their more famous competitors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic pricing in internet retail: Effects on consumer trust
Authors: Garbarino Ellen , Lee Olivia F.
Published: May 2003

Individual‐level price discrimination, while not a new idea, is more than a theoretical possibility in the Internet age. Economic theory argues that dynamic pricing (i.e., individual‐level price discrimination) is inherently good for the profitability of the firm, because it allows the firm to capture a larger share of the consumer surplus, but anecdotal evidence from recent retail experiments with Internet‐based dynamic pricing suggests that consumers react strongly against this practice. Using a two‐dimensional conceptualization of trust, based on benevolence and competence trust, the current experiment examines how the experience of a dynamic pricing event and the direction of the pricing discrimination (i.e., whether one is offered the higher or the lower price) affects both the mean levels of trust and the weight given to the separate trust dimensions in the formation of overall trust. Because demand‐based pricing, such as dynamic pricing, is generally considered unfair, it is expected that trust levels will be lower and that more weight will be given to benevolence trust. Results show that mean benevolence trust is significantly lower (which leads to a marginal decrease in overall trust) and the weight given to benevolence trust in the formation of overall trust substantially increases. The direction‐of‐price‐discrimination effects are generally unsupported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.