bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient rich foreign substrates promote albizia invasion
Authors: Lam Weng Ngai , Png G. Kenny , Hung Sherry , Loo Jo Lyn , Koeniger Madeleine , Kok Jerome
Published: August 2024

Albizia (Falcataria falcata) is an invasive legume species in many tropical countries. In Southeast Asia, albizia often forms monodominant canopies in urban forests, with other non-native tree species in the subcanopy. Such invasive species-dominated forests (IFs) are commonly found in urban areas, and represent an alternate stable state and successional trajectory to natural secondary forests in the region, such as Adinandra belukar (AB). Some authors have proposed that foreign substrates (e.g., construction rubble) promote albizia invasion, but the complex land use histories of most urban sites prevent the evaluation of this hypothesis. We identified an IF patch that occurs adjacent to an AB patch in Singapore. Historical satellite imagery showed that the IF patch regenerated on a road embankment that was constructed and abandoned in 2009. Soil cores revealed elevated P, N and pH in the IF patch. We further compared leaf economics spectrum (LES) traits of IF- and AB-associated tree species from the TRY global trait database, and showed that the IF-associated species exhibit traits associated with nutrient acquisitive strategies, while the AB-associated species, with nutrient conservative strategies. These results strongly suggest that the introduction of foreign substrates (by backfilling during site development) increases the pH and nutrients of soils and enables albizia and other fast-growing invasive species to establish a unique forest type and alternative stable state to natural secondary forests in Singapore. The introduction of nutrient-rich foreign substrates likely promotes albizia invasion in Southeast Asia as well as many other nutrient-impoverished tropical ecosystems globally.
Mxene Grating Based Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Operating For Infrared and Visible Spectrum
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Dwivedi R. P. , Sbeah Zen A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Alwabli Abdullah , Alghamdi Ahmad , Faragallah Osama S.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a plasmonic metamaterial sensor utilizing gold resonator gratings with different radius for the cylindrical gratings. The sensor is simulated using the finite element method (FEM) in the infrared wavelength range of 0.7 µm to 2.5 µm. The sensor structure consists of six layers, with the gold resonator on the top, beneath it a Ge-Sb-Te (GST) substrate sandwiched between a two silicon (Si) substrates and then a MXene substrate sandwiched between two SiO2 substrates. The design exhibits distinct reflectance characteristics across the proposed range, suitable for different sensing applications. A comparison is made between the two states of GST (Amorphous and Crystlline) to investigate the sensitivity of the device. Geometrical parameters, including height of GST and Si, are optimized, also changing the oblique incident of light, and three types of comparisons are conducted. Firstly, a sensitivity comparison is made between this work and previously published research. Secondly, a Quality factor and Figure of Merit comparison is performed. Lastly, a sensitivity comparison is made between different sensing techniques and the technique employed in this work. After optimizing the design parameters, the device demonstrates the highest detection sensitivity yielding results of With giving a sensitivity equal to 800 nm /RIU. The proposed design-based metamaterial exhibits the potential to be utilized as a lab-on-chip sensor.
Implementation and Performance Analysis of Homomorphic Signature Schemes
Authors: Carnemolla Davide , Catalano Dario , Raimondo Mario Di , Savasta Federico
Published: August 2024

Homomorphic signatures allow to validate computation on signed data. Alice, holding a dataset $\{m_1 , \ldots , m_t \}$ uses her secret key $\sk$ to sign these data and stores the authenticated dataset on a remote server. \sloppy{The server can later (publicly) compute $m = f(m_1,...,m_t)$} together with a signature $\sigma$ certifying that $m$ is indeed the correct output of the computation $f$. Over the last fifteen years, the problem of realizing homomorphic signatures has been the focus of numerous research works, with constructions now ranging from very efficient ones supporting linear functions to very expressive ones supporting (up to) arbitrary circuits. In this work we tackle the question of assessing the practicality of schemes belonging to this latter class. Specifically, we implement the GVW lattice based scheme for circuits from STOC 2015 and two, recently proposed, pairings based constructions building from functional commitments. Our experiments show that (both) pairings based schemes outperform GVW on all fronts.
Gender-specific antibiotic-resistance patterns and characterization of bacterial flora of undergraduate students’ mobile phones and associated factors at a Nigerian University
Authors: Olaitan Morufat Oluwatosin , Rabiu Akeem Ganiyu , Umara Zara Babagana
Published: August 2024

Background Technological development has led to the wide use of mobile phones. However, the role of the hand-held device in the possible spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens considering gender variation, especially among Nigerian undergraduates is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess bacterial isolates recovered from male and female mobile phones for antibiotic resistance and determine possible factors that could facilitate their spread.
Methods Forty (40) undergraduates were included in the study with gender parity. Swabs of the undergraduates' mobile phones were cultured and bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiology methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of the isolates was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay and the results were interpreted by the Clinical Standards and Laboratory Institute (CLSI) guideline. Bacterial isolates (n=6/21) that resisted antibiotics belonging to ≥ 3 different classes regarded as multidrug resistant (MDR) were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and identified using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm.
Results The total bacterial count of male (9.2 x 106) CFU/mL and female (9.7 x 106) CFU/mL were high though comparable. Of the 25 isolates recovered, 10 and 15 were respectively from male and female mobile phones. Staphylococcus aureus (n=11) was the most occurring isolate followed by Escherichia coli (n=5), and Salmonella sp. (n=3); the rest occurred less frequently. Staphylococcus aureus obtained from male phones (n=7) is higher than in females (n=4) but the species diversity is greater in females (n=7) than in males (n=3) phones. Isolates were resistant to ampiclox and zinnacef (85.71%), erythromycin (78.57%), amoxil and augmentin (72.73%), septrim (72%), rifampicin (71.43%) while >80% were MDR. Low levels of handwashing and non-use of hand sanitizer could be linked with phone bacterial contamination.
Conclusion Regular handwashing and the use of hand sanitizers should be prioritized among undergraduates to curtail the spread of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
MRI signatures of cortical microstructure in human development align with oligodendrocyte cell-type expression
Authors: Genc Sila , Ball Gareth , Chamberland Maxime , Raven Erika , Tax Chantal , Ward Isobel , Yang Joseph , Palombo Marco , Jones Derek
Published: August 2024

Neuroanatomical changes to the cortex during adolescence have been well documented using MRI, revealing ongoing cortical thinning and volume loss with age. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain elusive with conventional neuroimaging. Recent advances in MRI hardware and new biophysical models of tissue informed by diffusion MRI data hold promise for identifying the cellular changes driving these morphological observations. This study used ultra-strong gradient MRI to obtain high-resolution, in vivo estimates of cortical neurite and soma microstructure in sample of typically developing children and adolescents. Cortical neurite signal fraction, attributed to neuronal and glial processes, increased with age (mean R2fneurite=.53, p<3.3e-11, 11.91% increase over age), while apparent soma radius decreased (mean R2Rsoma=.48, p<4.4e-10, 1% decrease over age) across domain-specific networks. To complement these findings, developmental patterns of cortical gene expression in two independent post-mortem databases were analysed. This revealed increased expression of genes expressed in oligodendrocytes, and excitatory neurons, alongside a relative decrease in expression of genes expressed in astrocyte, microglia and endothelial cell-types. Age-related genes were significantly enriched in cortical oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors and Layer 5-6 neurons (pFDR<.001) and prominently expressed in adolescence and young adulthood. The spatial and temporal alignment of oligodendrocyte cell-type gene expression with neurite and soma microstructural changes suggest that ongoing cortical myelination processes contribute to adolescent cortical development. These findings highlight the role of intra-cortical myelination in cortical maturation during adolescence and into adulthood.
Minocycline reduces proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the spinal cord and morphology changes in sciatic nerve of Type 2 diabetic neuropathy rat model
Authors: Hamid Norhamidar Ab , Omar Nor Suhana , Ismail Che Aishah Nazariah , Long Idris
Published: August 2024

Aim: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia due to inflammation process in nerve. Minocycline has been shown to act as anti-inflammatory agent but their effects on Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) neuropathy rats’ model are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of minocycline on proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress marker levels in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve morphology in T2DM neuropathy rats.
Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n=14 per groups): Control (C), T2DM control (STZ), T2DM treated with minocycline 40 mg/kg (STZ+ M40) and 80 mg/kg (STZ + M80), T2DM treated with gabapentin (STZ + G10) and non-painful T2DM neuropathy (NPDN). T2DM was induced in obese rats using a combination of high fat diet (HFD) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) injection. Then, the neuropathic pain behaviour, body weight and blood biochemical analysis were performed. Rats were sacrificed and the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were collected for ELISA and histology examination.
Results: After 6 weeks treatment with HFD diet, all T2DM rat groups were significantly increased body weight but significantly reduced from 8 until 9 weeks after STZ were injected compared to control group (p<0.05). The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in all T2DM groups were significantly higher on day 3, day 14, and day 22 of the study compared to control group (p<0.05) consistent with HbA1c levels. T2DM groups also significantly increased MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) but decreased SOD and Catalase levels in the spinal cord compared to control group (p<0.05). T2DM groups also showed significant abnormal histopathological changes in the sciatic nerve compared to control group (p<0.05). Administration of minocycline dependent on doses and gabapentin in T2DM rat significantly alleviated all these effects.
Conclusion: Dependent on dose, minocycline was found to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers level in the spinal cord and recovery sciatic nerve morphology changes of T2DM neuropathy rats. These findings suggest the neuroprotective effects of minocycline on T2DM neuropathy.
Exploring agricultural sustainability amid climate change: Trends and perspectives through in-depth bibliometric analysis based on the Publish or Perish platform
Authors: Chimi Pierre Marie , Nkoué Baruch Batamack , Elodie Michèle , Pokam Eusebe Ydelphonse Nyonce , Ngamsou Karimou Abdel , Yonga Guillaine , Osso Danielle Bertille , Mala William Armand
Published: August 2024

This study investigates agricultural sustainability, integrating environmental considerations into farming practices. Amid growing ecological awareness and global sustainability initiatives, agriculture has gained significant prominence. The research analyzes publication trends related to agricultural sustainability, examining aspects like publication types and international dissemination. Objectives include assessing bibliometric indicators, analyzing publication fluctuations from 1984 to July 2024, identifying influential factors, exploring citation trends, mapping distribution, recognizing key authors’ contributions, and uncovering prevalent themes. Employing bibliometric analysis via Crossref tools (using Publish or Perish and VOSviewer), the results reveal a substantial increase in publications on agricultural sustainability, reflecting heightened interest and robust research activity. Frequent citations suggest significant influence within the scientific community. Notably, high h and g indices highlight impactful articles. These findings underscore progress in understanding and enhancing sustainable agricultural practices, informing future directions for scholars and policymakers. The surge in interest over the past two decades likely mirrors the urgency of finding sustainable solutions amid climate change challenges. Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can leverage this information to maximize impact. Research on agricultural sustainability predominantly appears in journal articles and books, reflecting their significance as primary dissemination channels. Policymakers and researchers can capitalize on this trend to inform their knowledge-sharing efforts. The study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of the agricultural sustainability landscape, shedding light on its development, global impact, and influential factors. Armed with this valuable information, stakeholders can advance sustainable agriculture practices. Moreover, the findings underscore the ongoing imperative for research to address global environmental challenges through sustainable agricultural approaches. Through analyzing trends, pinpointing critical areas, and promoting international cooperation, strategies can be developed for farming systems that are economically viable, socially equitable, and ecologically sustainable.
A Realistic Greedy Parameter Aggregation Approach for Federated Learning Packet Transmissions
Authors: Mahembe Bright K , Nyirenda Clement N , Isafiade Omowunmi
Published: August 2024

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized machine learning while preserving data privacy. Despite extensive research on FL frameworks and simulations, packet skewness due to poor network conditions remains understudied. This paper proposes a greedy approach for parameter selection in FL scenarios that prioritizes global model improvements and mitigates performance declines. The proposed greedy parameter aggregation approach is evaluated using a modified User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in the NS-3 network simulator under diverse network conditions, employing the widely used CIFAR-10 dataset.The global model with greedy aggregation outperformed in severely degraded networks, achieving 67% accuracy on CIFAR-10, compared to 27 % without the approach. The greedy model’s accuracy decreased 14 % from ideal conditions, while the non-greedy model declined 54 %. This comparison underscores the greedy approach’s resilience and effectiveness in maintaining the global model performance despite challenging network environments.
Corrosion-induced thickness diminution of an ageing bulk carrier
Authors:   University of Donja Gorica, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Oktoih 1, Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro, Kovač Nataša , Ivošević Špiro , Momčilović Nikola
Published: August 2024

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development introduced 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has endorsed connections between the maritime sector and SDGs, emphasising sustainable production in the marine environment. Consequently, technical considerations, such as ship structure sustainability, are crucial for marine safety. The impact of corrosion influences the structural degradation of vessels and the risk of structural failure and fuel oil spills significantly. The formulation of predictive corrosion models, grounded in historical data accumulated during vessel operations, emerges as an optimal strategy for designing structural elements and guaranteeing their structural integrity. This paper analyses non-linear deterministic and stochastic corrosion models, focusing on an ageing bulk carrier, to provide design-phase information for sustainable structures. Utilising data on measured steel plate thickness over a 20-year operational period, non-linear models are employed to calculate the millimetres of thickness diminution. Assuming corrosion onset at 7, 8, and 9 years, corresponding coefficients are computed, based on the developed model. A model is also considered, in which there were no assumptions about the beginning of corrosion initiation. The corresponding annual corrosion rate was observed separately in each of the models, as a deterministic variable and as a probabilistic random variable. This approach aims to enhance the understanding of the causal relationship between corrosion processes and structural performance, contributing to the development of sustainable design practices in the maritime industry.
Understanding the intricacies of rainfall dynamics using entropy measures
Authors: Singh Shekhar , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2024

The present study quantifies the variability of rainfall dynamics across multiple time-periods and various entropy measures. Daily gridded rainfall from 1951 to 2020 was used to study Haryana, India, based on entropy and advanced statistical methods. The post-monsoon season had high variability for Sirsa and Palwal districts due to the variation occurring in October and December. This means these months are responsible for causing variations in the winter season. Similarly, during the monsoon season, low variability was found in Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar, and some parts of Kurukshetra due to low variability in July. It was also observed that intra-variability in both rainfall amounts and rainy days increased with an increase in the time scale for all districts in Haryana. However, inconsistency on rainy days was more pronounced than rainfall amounts, which further means that the distribution of rainfall intensity was highly inconsistent in the study region. This study provides valuable insights into regional rainfall characteristics, and it assists local farmers in adapting to resilient crop varieties and efficient water-management practices, especially during crop harvesting and planting. Also, those in urban planning, disaster vigilance, and many others may consider this study to make districts resilient and adaptable.
As novas leituras da relação Marx-Hegel
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Diogo Mariano
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo apresentamos algumas hipóteses de leitura acerca da relação entre a filosofia de Hegel e de Marx a partir das proposições de teóricos alinhados à nova dialética, também conhecida como dialética sistemática, bem como de outros autores não necessariamente vinculados a essa perspectiva teórica, mas que dela se aproximam. O objetivo do artigo é suscitar discussões a respeito das homologias, semelhanças e diferenças que podem ser estabelecidas entre as dialéticas hegeliana e marxiana com vistas a trazer ao debate filosófico e acadêmico brasileiro não apenas um novo olhar sobre a relação entre estes autores, mas também desvelar pontos de tensão entre estes filósofos que podem engendrar novos debates e hipóteses de investigação nos campos de estudo que abrangem a dialética, em especial a dialética materialista.
A arquitela e os dispositivos de imagem contemporâneos
Authors: Veríssimo Danilo
Published: August 2024

Nosso propósito maior é discutir a percepção desde uma perspectiva que ressalte a sua historicidade. Centramo-nos, mais especificamente, na análise dos dispositivos ecrânicos. Fundamentados na fenomenologia merleau-pontiana e, principalmente, nas contribuições de Mauro Carbone, destacamos, como guia de estudo, o conceito de arquitela. A partir disso, analisamos dispositivos modernos de percepção, vinculados à constituição do sujeito cognoscente moderno, para então, situar uma reconfiguração do sujeito da observação que serve de limiar aos dispositivos de visibilidade atuais. É então que, em meio às teorias mobilizadas por nós, propomos a figura do observador-observado como correlativa à quase-agência dos dispositivos de tela contemporâneos.
corpo na era da inteligência artificial já era?
Authors: Parreiras Mônica
Published: August 2024

A inteligência artificial (IA)[1] tem se tornado cada vez mais importante na indústria moderna, trazendo consigo benefícios e inovações capazes de transformar a maneira como o trabalho é executado. Sendo assim, este artigo tem o objetivo de elucidar alguns tipos de IA e sua aplicabilidade no cotidiano da vida moderna. Ademais, intenciona-se abordar os apelos da personalização de conteúdos que capturam e algoritmizam o indivíduo, de modo a ensejar os desafios éticos implicados em seu avanço. E, por fim, ambiciona-se tencionar a relação entre os benefícios do avanço tecnológico frente a questão  concernente à autonomia e liberdade do corpo próprio na acepção merleau-pontyana, trazendo o corpo para condição de sujeito e, com isso, rompendo com a tradição cartesiana dualista, de modo a seguir na proposta de atribuir ao corpo-sujeito, a capacidade de fazer ato e, dessa forma, se constituir enquanto um corpo político, sendo a base para ações inteligentes e cautelosas até mesmo na função de operar as máquinas que sem ele não podem sequer ser acionadas.
 
[1] Sigla utilizada para referir-se à inteligência artificial e que será mencionada ao longo do artigo com fins de abreviação dos termos.
A New Frontier in Phytotherapy: Harnessing the Therapeutic Power of Medicinal Herb-derived miRNAs
Authors: Feng Ya-long
Published: August 2024

:

Medicinal herbs have been utilized in the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including neoplasms,
organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus. However, the precise pharmacological actions of plant miRNAs
in animals remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in terms of their therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of
action. In this review, some important miRNAs from foods and medicinal herbs are presented. Plant miRNAs
exhibit a range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory
effects, and neuromodulation, among others. These results have not only demonstrated a cross-species regulatory
effect, but also suggested that the miRNAs from medicinal herbs are their bioactive components. This
shows a promising prospect for plant miRNAs to be used as drugs. Here, the pharmacological properties of
plant miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms have been highlighted, which can provide new insights for
clarifying the therapeutic mechanisms of medicinal herbs and suggest a new way for developing therapeutic
drugs.
Interleukin 18 (-137G/C, -607C/A) Polymorphisms as Genetic Biomarkers of Susceptibility to Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Delavar Payman , Rafatpanah Houshang , Ganjali Rashin , Sahebari Maryam , Tabaei Samira , Esmaeili Habibollah , Khodashahi Mandana
Published: August 2024

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown
etiology. Several studies have suggested that interleukin-18 (IL-18) is associated with SLE
pathogenesis. The genotype distribution of IL-18 promoter polymorphisms differs among ethnic
populations. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between IL-18 polymorphisms
at positions -137 and -607 in patients situated in Northeastern Iran.

Methods:

This case-control study examined the prevalence of IL-18 -137C/G and -607C/A polymorphic
variants among 95 SLE patients referred to the Department of Rheumatology, who were
referred to the general clinics of Ghaem Hospital and Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, were
included in the study. In addition, 100 healthy individuals were included in the control group.
DNA from whole blood was extracted by the salting-out method using a commercial kit (Biogene,
US). Allelic and genotypic frequencies of polymorphisms (-137G/C, -607C/A) in the IL-18 promoter
gene were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification refractory
mutation system (ARMS) method.

Results:

The results of this study demonstrated that the frequency of SLE patients with the homozygous
C/C genotype of the IL-18 promoter gene at position -137 was significantly higher than
that of the homozygous G/G genotype (P < 0.001) in normal controls. Furthermore, the polymorphism
analysis performed illustrated a significant association between (-137G/C) and (-607C/A)
polymorphisms in the IL-18 promoter gene and SLE (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:

These results indicated that the 607A/A and 137C/C polymorphisms are more prevalent
in SLE. Further research involving larger sample sizes from various populations is necessary
to elucidate the role of these polymorphisms and the distribution of alleles in SLE patients.
Comparison of the Performance of [18F]-FDG PET/CT and [18F]-FDG PET/MRI for Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Authors: Han Suchi , Huang Yanjing
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of [18F]-FDG PET/CT and [18F]-FDG
PET/MRI in the detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, encompassing eligible articles until March 2023. The
pooled sensitivity and specificity for [18F]-FDG PET/CT and [18F]-FDG PET/MRI have been reported as estimates with 95% Confidence Intervals
(CIs) using a bivariate random-effect model. Utilizing the I square (I2) statistic, heterogeneity among pooled studies was evaluated. The quality
assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) methodology.

Results:

We included 18 studies (2057 patients). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (Area Under the Curve) values of [18F]-FDG PET/CT for overall lymph node metastasis in breast cancer have been found to be 0.58 (0.39 - 0.75), 0.83 (0.69-0.92), and 0.79 (0.75-0.82), respectively. Correspondingly, the values for [18F]-FDG PET/MRI were found to be 0.76 (0.60-0.88), 0.85 (0.77-0.91), and 0.89 (0.86-0.91), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of [18F]-FDG PET/CT for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer were 0.52 (0.37-0.67), 0.84 (0.68-0.92), and 0.73 (0.69-0.76), respectively. Correspondingly, the values for [18F]-FDG PET/MRI were 0.84 (0.76-0.89), 0.87 (0.75-0.94), and 0.86 (0.83-0.89), respectively.

Conclusion:

This study has suggested [18F]-FDG PET/MRI to have greater diagnostic power than [18F]-FDG PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastasis in
breast cancer. However, the [18F]-FDG PET/MRI results have been obtained from a small sample size study, and more and larger prospective
studies are needed for further confirmation on this issue.
Plant-derived Terpenoids as Novel Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Masand Mukesh , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Balaramnavar Vishal M.
Published: August 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary cause of tuberculosis (TB), which accounts
for over two million deaths annually and is the leading infectious illness. Because of their significant
therapeutic capabilities, a number of natural compounds, such as terpenoids generated from
natural sources, have attracted interest in recent decades. Terpenoids have several different structures,
displaying a variety of actions and modes of action. Some natural terpenoids and their derivatives
have been selected as prototype molecules for the development of new anti-tubercular
medications due to their strong anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This
study assessed the roles and mechanisms of terpenoids. In this review article, we offer recent
findings about the anti-tubercular activity of terpenoids.
Recent Trends in Chemistry and Biological Activity of Antipsychotics
Authors: Yousif Mahmoud N. M. , Abu-Hashem Ameen A.
Published: August 2024

Several novel antipsychotics have been outlined in this review. Different synthetic
methods for the synthesis of promising antipsychotics have been summarized. There are different
starting materials from which we can start to prepare the proposed antipsychotics. Also, the final
nucleus of the proposed antipsychotics is different e.g. 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3β-yl-amide 8a-w,
3-aminoethyl tetralones 19, 3-fluourobenzoyl-propionic acid 22, 6,7-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophen-
4(5H)-one derivative 26, 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one derivative 30, Benzocycloalkanone
derivative 36, 3-methyl-6,7-dihydrobenzo[d]isoxazol-4(5H)-one derivative 55, 1,5,6,7-
tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one derivative 61, 2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-
one derivative 66. Different antipsychotic activities of the prepared compounds are summarized.
The Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Oral Cancers in vitro: A Systematic Review
Authors: Azadbakht Kamran , Shakib Pegah , Sanaie Ghazal
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The use of medicinal plant compounds for cancer treatment has been
considered since ancient times. This systematic study aimed to conduct a review on the effects of
medicinal plant extracts on oral cancer cell lines in vitro.

Methods:

In this systematic study, articles were searched in databases, including PubMed,
Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, using keywords as "herbal drugs",
"medicinal plants", "extract", "essence", "oral cancer", "in vitro", and "clinical trials".

Results:

After searching the articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, removing duplicates,
and reviewing full-text articles, the researchers entered the data of all the collected articles
into Endnote X9. Initially, 14,650 studies were identified, but after applying the inclusion/
exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected.

Conclusion:

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies have been selected. The
study's findings have revealed that medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of
oral cancer cells, making them a promising candidate for further research on cancer treatment.
In-silico based Designing of benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Mishra Arun K. , Thajudeen Kamal Y. , Singh Mhaveer , Rasool Gulam , Kumar Arvind , Singh Harpreet , Sharma Kalicharan , Mishra Amrita
Published: August 2024

Background:

Benzo[d]thiazoles represent a significant class of heterocyclic com-pounds renowned for their diverse pharmacological activities, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This molecular scaffold holds substantial interest among medicinal chemists owing to its structural versatility and therapeutic potential. Incorporating the benzo[d]thiazole moiety into drug molecules has been extensively investigated as a strategy to craft novel therapeutics with heightened efficacy and minimized adverse effects.

Aims:

The aim of the present research work was to design, synthesize and characterize the new benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives as potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesis of the presented benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives
was performed by condensing-(4-chlorobenzylidene) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine with a number
of substituted phenols in the presence of potassium iodide and anhydrous potassium carbonate
in dry acetone. IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, 13CNMR spectroscopy and Mass
spectroscopy methods were used to characterize the structural properties of all 13 newly synthesized
derivatives. The molecular properties of these newly synthesized derivatives were
estimated to study the attributes of drug-like candidates. Benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives
were molecularly docked with selective enzymes COX-1 and COX-2.

:

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated by using
albino rats.

Results:

Findings of the research suggested that compounds G3, G4, G6, G8 and G11 possess higher binding affinity than diclofenac sodium, when docking was performed with enzyme COX-1. Compounds G1, G3, G6, G8 and G10 showed lower binding affinity than Indometh-acin when docking was performed with enzyme COX-2. In vitro evaluation of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities was performed for synthesized compounds.

Discussion:

Compounds G10 and G11 exhibited significant COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme in-hibitory action with an IC50 value of 5.0 and 10 μM, respectively. Using the hot plate method and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, the synthesized compounds were screened for their biological activities, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Highest analgesic action was exhibited by derivative G11 and the compound G10 showed the highest anti-inflammatory response. Inhibition of COX may be considered as a mechanism of action of these compounds.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that synthesized derivatives G10 and G11 exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect; therefore, the said compounds may be subjected to further clinical investigation for establishing these as future compounds for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
Integrating Machine Learning and Feature Extraction for Islanding Detection in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Hybrid Intelligent Approacha
Authors: Bhushan Indu , Chandra Subhash , Yadav Arvind
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

In recent years, the integration of renewable energy sources, particularly
Photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the grid has garnered considerable attention. However, the distributed
nature of these grid-integrated PV systems has introduced challenges concerning grid
faults and maintenance.

Method:

This paper aims to present a pioneering approach to augment the monitoring of gridintegrated
PV systems by integrating intelligent methods, specifically machine learning and feature
extraction techniques. The primary focus of this approach is on islanding detection, which
involves promptly identifying grid faults or maintenance challenges and initiating the grid's transition
to an isolated mode of operation. To accomplish this, an intelligent signaling method is employed,
capitalizing on the capabilities of Distributed Generation (DG) networks. By recording
critical signals such as voltage, current, and frequency at common coupling points, fault conditions
can be accurately detected. Signals obtained from the grid are subjected to wavelet transformation
to extract pertinent information that characterizes fault conditions. These extracted features
are then utilized as inputs to machine learning methods, facilitating the proposal of intelligent islanding
scenarios. To assess the efficacy of the proposed approach, simulations are conducted on a
grid-connected PV system. The recorded signals are meticulously analyzed, and the extracted features
are employed to train machine learning models. The performance of these models is evaluated
based on their ability to detect fault conditions and initiate appropriate islanding scenarios accurately.

Result:

The results obtained demonstrate the immense potential of the proposed approach in bolstering
the monitoring of grid-integrated PV systems.

Conclusion:

By synergizing machine learning techniques with feature extraction and intelligent
signaling methods with the KNN-Confusion Matrix, all predicted labels match the true labels, resulting
in a 100% accuracy. The detection of grid faults and maintenance challenges can be substantially
improved, thereby fostering more efficient and dependable operation of these systems.
Influence analysis of room division employee job training on service quality, guest satisfaction and returning interest at PT. Baleka Selaras Mandiri
Authors: Paramita Anak Agung Yunita Devi , Zuraida Lukia , Damayanti Titien
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the effect of work training for room division employees at PT. Baleka Selaras Mandiri regarding service quality, guest satisfaction and interest in returning. This research is a quantitative research type. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires at three PT properties. Baleka Selaras Mandiri namely Baleka Resort & Spa, Villa Tukad Alit Kerobokan and The Tukad Villa Seminyak. The total number of respondents in this study was 100 respondents. The collected data was then tested for reliability and validity, and the results showed that the data was reliable and valid so that it could be used in further analysis. Hypothesis testing was carried out by the Manova test and the results obtained were that the Sig. < 0.05. These results show that work training has a positive and significant effect on service quality, work training has a positive and significant effect on guest satisfaction, and work training has a positive and significant effect on interest in returning.
Language attitude of Pedawa`s adolescents towards their native language
Authors: Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas , Puspani Ida Ayu Made , Sukarini Ni Wayan
Published: August 2024

Assessing language attitudes in a multilingual community is important to investigate the shifted language use.  In certain domains, research on language attitudes has received much attention in recent years. Pedawa village is a traditional village that is newly developed into a tourism destination in the northern part of Bali Island, Indonesia. Due to its contact with recent developments in tourism, and the use of the National Language (Indonesian), it is presumed that the adolescents have shifted their attitude towards their native language, Bali Age (BA). This research aims to describe the language attitudes of Pedawa adolescents towards their native language; in-depth interviews and distributing questionnaires were conducted to obtain the data. The results revealed that they have a positive attitude towards their language. It is signified by the response to the questionnaires which have five indicators concerning the frequency of using their language (BA) compared to the Indonesian and Balinese languages with Bali Dataran dialect, and six questions related to language attitudes. Though the village has just been promoted as one of the tourist destinations, it does not affect their positive attitude towards their native language.
Isolation and Identification of Mercury-Resistant Fungi as Bioremediation Agents from Gold Mining
Authors: Arumsari Sahana Laudy Arrisa , Yani Mohamad , Badia Br Ginting Rohani Cinta
Published: August 2024

To overcome the pollution problem due to the accumulation of heavy metal Hg, a clean-up or remediation effort is needed from the former landfill for hazardous and toxic waste. In this research, bioremediation experiments will be conducted by inoculating fungi culture that is already known to have the potential to absorb heavy metals Hg. Samples of soil contaminated with heavy metals Hg taken from the tailings of gold mining owned by the people in Kertajaya Village, Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency. The stages of this study consisted of isolation of fungi, purification and morphology of fungi isolate, screening of fungi isolate, qualitative screening of fungi for ligninolytic activity (laccase), and molecular identification of the isolated fungi. The results of the screening showed that three isolates of potential fungi coded M.2, M.10, and M.13 were able to grow with a mercury concentration of 350 ppm, while one isolate coded R4.28 reached a concentration of 1000 ppm. In addition, isolate M.2 was selected as the best strain compared to isolates M.10, M.13, and R4.28 for the qualitative test of laccase production in ligninolytic enzymes. Based on the molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, M.2 isolates were similar to Trichoderma yunnanense, which was strengthened by a similarity value of 99.66%. Isolate R4.28 was similar to Penicillium soli, which was strengthened by a similarity value of 99.32%.
Ethnobotany of Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. &Schult. : A Review
Authors: Rahma Setiyanto Afif Eka , Sukma Zulfatim Heni , Puspita Sari Septi Tri , Krisnawati Dewi
Published: August 2024

Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., known as ‘desert rose’ is a plant belonging to Apocynaceae family. It is cultivated in various tropical regions. The common usage of Adenium obesum is as an ornamental plant. However, this plant reported in previous research the biological activities and phytochemical constituents. Nevertheless, no paper discusses the ethnobotanical usage of it. The aim of this study is to summarize and discuss the ethnobotany usage of Adenium obesum by literature study. There are five ethnobotany purposes of Adenium obesum, i.e. ornamental plants, ecoprint source, religious ceremony, treating diseases, and toxic effect. The beauty of Adenium obesum is the flower and the roots which can be made into a bonsai. It is used for making motifs on fabrics with direct contact in ecoprint purposes. In religious ceremonies, Adenium obesum is used for offerings and pilgrimage ceremonies at the cemetery. Adenium obesum is approved to treat various diseases in humans and chickens. However, it also used a toxic effect on hunting. Various regions in different countries use this plant for different ethnobotanical usage. It concludes that Adenium obesum needed to be approved scientifically to obtain the beneficial effects and avoid the toxic effects of this plant to utilize it properly.
THE USE OF PURPLE EGGPLANT FRUIT CALYX STEM (Solanum melongena L.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF LACTASE-PRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
Authors: Permata Sari Mike , Radhina Afifa , Indriani Narita
Published: August 2024

Lactose intolerance is a condition where body is unable to digest lactose due to an enzyme lactase deficiency in digestive system, leading to various health problems ranging from bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain to severe problems that can result in stunting in children. One attempt to prevent stunting due to lactose intolerance is administration of low-lactose dairy products, such as yogurt. The production of yogurt requires a starter known as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Starter bacteria are often derived from yeast or commercially available bacteria, which are relatively expensive. This research aims to utilize waste products, namely the purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) stalks, as a new source of LAB for lactase enzyme production. Fermenting cow's milk using purple eggplant stalks results in yogurt. Inoculating this yogurt onto MRS Broth and MRS Agar media confirms the presence of LAB from the milk fermentation. To test the lactase enzyme, bacterial cell wall degradation is achieved using sonication, allowing for lactase enzyme testing. Characterization test for lactase enzyme is conducted at various temperatures and pH levels to determine the optimum conditions for the lactase enzyme. The optimum temperature for lactase enzyme is at 70°C with a specific enzyme activity of 0.0061 U/mg, optimum pH is 7 with a specific enzyme activity of 0.0044 U/mg. This study demonstrates that purple eggplant stalks can be utilized as a new source of LAB to produce lactase enzyme as an alternative starter bacterium for yogurt production, particularly for lactose intolerance therapy in the future.
The Evaluation of Field Teaching Practice Using Kirkpatrick’s Model
Authors: Purba Asnan , Maulana Amri Dhimas
Published: August 2024

This study aims to evaluate a Field Teaching Practice program carried out by students of the social studies education study program at the Tazkia Islamic University College using the Kirkpatrick model, which includes reaction, learning, behavior, and result. The research method used is a descriptive approach with an evaluation of Kirkpatrick's model. The subject of this research used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study used an interactive model. The results: 1) Evaluation at level one (reaction) show that students already responded positively, enthusiastically, and happy in implementing Field Teaching Practice because it was equipped with micro-teaching to facilitate the implementation process. (2) Second level evaluation (learning) shows that only a few students can achieve the target in the learning process in class. Unable to meet the target due to the limited time and infrastructure constraints hinder the learning process. (3) Third level evaluation (behavior) shows that students' change in behavior is seen from how students are increasingly proficient and their confidence increases when dealing with students. (4) The fourth level results from student satisfaction with Field Teaching Practice sustainability; most students are mature and ready to become teachers after graduation because with this Field Teaching Practice, in addition to getting experience as a teacher, they can also know the world of education comprehensivelyKeywords: Evaluation, Field Teaching Practice, Kirkpatrick’s Model
INTERNALISASI LANDASAN TEOLOGIS, FILOSOFIS, PSIKOLOGIS, DAN SOSIOLOGIS DALAM STRATEGIC PLANNING PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Fauzi M. Asif Nur , Suryadi Toto , Fatkhullah Faiz Karim , Saefurridjal Achmad
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penurunan kredibilitas satuan pendidikan dimasyarakat yang ditandai adanya tindakan penyimpangan dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pentingnya internalisasi landasan teologi (agama), landasan filosofi, landasan psikologis, landasan sosiologis dalam strategic planning pendidikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode library research. Data dianalisis dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan melakukan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa internalisasi teologis (agama) dalam strategic planning dilakukan berdasarkan unsur dalam mencari ilmu (nadzoman dalam kitab alala) dan instrospeksi diri dalam surat al hasyr 58. Internalisasi landasan filosofis dalam Strategic planning didasarkan pada filosofi rekonstruksionisme progresivitas lembaga pendidikan dengan mengacu pada pandangan empirisme, rasionalisme, dan idealisme. Internalisasi landasan psikologis dilakukan dengan memanusiakan manusia dalam proses formulasinya menyangkut masa depan warga sekolah seperti peserta didik, guru, dan stakeholder. Internalisasi landasan sosiologis dalam Strategic planning yakni dengan menyelaraskan pengelolaan pendidikan dengan konteks masyarakat.Kata Kunci: internalisasi, landasan teologi, filosofis, psikologis, sosiologis, strategic planning pendidikan
Kajian Komparasi Dinamika Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Indonesia dan Malaysia
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Hajri Priazki
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan kewarganegaraan berfungsi untuk memberikan pemahaman kebangsaan, hak dan kewajiban warga negara serta sebagai media pendidikan karakter kepada masyarakat. Implementasi pendidikan kewarganegaraan tiap-tiap negara berbeda-beda sesuai dinamika dan sejarah yang menyertainya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis dinamika pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Kedua negara di pilih berdasarkan pertimbangan bahwa Indonesia dan Malaysia merupakan negara yang bertetangga dan sama-sama beretnis Melayu, namun memiliki latar belakang sejarah yang berbeda. Artikel ditulis menggunakan literature review. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Indonesia dilaksanakan dengan berdasarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Sedangkan pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Malaysia dilaksanakan dengan berdasarkan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan Malaysia.