bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on quality analysis of different species of Coptidis rhizome based on fingerprint‐effect relationship
Authors: Tian Mengyin , Nie Lei , Yin Yaqing , Zhou Haonan , Meng Zhaoqing , Cao Guiyun , Zang Hengchang
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The quality evaluation of Coptidis rhizome (CR) is attributed to the origin and processing method, and this strategy of ignoring the bioactive components usually leads to biased quality analysis, which is difficult to indicate the clinical efficacy.

Objectives

In order to evaluate the quality level of different species of CR, we collected 20 batches of CR and investigated the fingerprint‐effect relationship.

Methods

High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of CR were established, and the fingerprint‐effect relationship was explored using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, grey relation analysis, and partial least squares regression.

Results

We have identified a total of 10 common peaks (1–10) with similarity scores above 0.96. The study on the relationship between spectra and potency further showed that the contents of peaks 8, 9, and 10 are potential key components. And based on a previous study, a method of one measurement and multiple evaluations of CR was established to achieve the goal of simplifying the analytical process and reducing costs.

Conclusion

Through a combination of fingerprint analysis, antioxidant activity evaluation, fingerprint‐efficacy relationship analysis, and simultaneous quantification of multiple components, a CR quality control index and method have been selected and established, which can also provide a more comprehensive quality evaluation for traditional Chinese medicine.
Engineering antimicrobial supramolecular polymer assemblies
Authors: Song Jiankang , Schmitz Moniek G. J. , Riool Martijn , Guo Shuaiqi , Zaat Sebastian A. J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: August 2023

Antibacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics has emerged as a global health problem. To address this problem, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recognized as alternatives due to their fast‐killing activity and less propensity to induce resistance. Here, the AMPs are engineered via a supramolecular fashion to control and increase their biological performance. The AMPs are modified with ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) to obtain UPy‐AMP monomers, followed by modular self‐assembling to realize antibacterial UPy‐AMP supramolecular polymers. These positively charged assemblies are illustrated as stable, short fibrous or rod‐like UPy‐AMP nanostructures with enhanced antibacterial activity and modulable cytotoxicity. Moreover, these antibacterial UPy‐AMP assemblies can be internalized by both THP‐1 derived macrophages and human kidney cells, which would be an effective potential therapy to deliver the AMPs into mammalian cells to address intracellular infections. Overall, the results present here demonstrate that supramolecular engineering of AMPs provides a powerful tool to enhance the antibacterial activity, modulate cytotoxicity and accelerate the clinical application of AMPs.
RNA tertiary structure prediction in CASP15 by the GeneSilico group: Folding simulations based on statistical potentials and spatial restraints
Authors: Baulin Eugene F. , Mukherjee Sunandan , Moafinejad S. Naeim , Wirecki Tomasz K. , Badepally Nagendar Goud , Jaryani Farhang , Stefaniak Filip , Amiri Farsani Masoud , Ray Angana , Rocha de Moura Tales , Bujnicki Janusz M.
Published: August 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules serve as master regulators of cells by encoding their biological function in the ribonucleotide sequence, particularly their ability to interact with other molecules. To understand how RNA molecules perform their biological tasks and to design new sequences with specific functions, it is of great benefit to be able to computationally predict how RNA folds and interacts in the cellular environment. Our workflow for computational modeling of the 3D structures of RNA and its interactions with other molecules uses a set of methods developed in our laboratory, including MeSSPredRNA for predicting canonical and non‐canonical base pairs, PARNASSUS for detecting remote homology based on comparisons of sequences and secondary structures, ModeRNA for comparative modeling, the SimRNA family of programs for modeling RNA 3D structure and its complexes with other molecules, and QRNAS for model refinement. In this study, we present the results of testing this workflow in predicting RNA 3D structures in the CASP15 experiment. The overall high score of the computational models predicted by our group demonstrates the robustness of our workflow and its individual components in terms of predicting RNA 3D structures of acceptable quality that are close to the target structures. However, the variance in prediction quality is still quite high, and the results are still too far from the level of protein 3D structure predictions. This exercise led us to consider several improvements, especially to better predict and enforce stacking interactions and non‐canonical base pairs.
Recent advances in pyroptosis, liver disease, and traditional Chinese medicine: A review
Authors: He Wenxing , Xu Canli , Mao Dewen , Zheng Yang , Wang Na , Wang Minggang , Mao Nan , Wang Ting , Li Yanjie
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the incidence of liver disease has increased, becoming a major cause of death. Various liver diseases are intricately linked to pyroptosis, which is one of the most common forms of programmed cell death. As a powerful weapon in the fight against liver diseases, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can affect pyroptosis via a number of routes, including the classical, nucleotide oligomerization domain‐like receptors protein 3/caspase‐1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway, the nonclassical lipopolysaccharide/caspase‐11/GSDMD pathway, the ROS/caspase‐3/gasdermin E pathway, the caspase‐9/caspase‐3/GSDMD pathway, and the Apaf‐1/caspase‐11/caspase‐3 pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of pyroptosis, the interplay between pyroptosis and liver diseases, and the mechanisms through which TCM regulates pyroptosis in liver diseases. The information used in the text was collected and compiled from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang Data up to June 2023. The search was not limited with regard to the language and country of the articles. Research and review articles were included, and papers with duplicate results or unrelated content were excluded. We examined the current understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and liver diseases as well as the advances in TCM interventions to provide a resource for the identification of potential targets for TCM in the treatment of liver diseases.
Epigallocatechin gallate circumvents drug‐induced resistance in non‐small‐cell lung cancer by modulating glucose metabolism and AMPK/AKT/MAPK axis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Huang Shiqi , Guo Yizhen , Ran Maoxin , Shan Wenying , Chen Wen‐Hua , Tam Kin Yip
Published: August 2023

Upon prolonged use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired drug resistance inevitably occurs. This study investigates the combined use of EGFR‐TKIs (gefitinib or osimertinib) with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to overcome acquired drug resistance in NSCLC models. The in vitro antiproliferative effects of EGFR‐TKIs and EGCG combination in EGFR‐mutant parental and resistant cell lines were evaluated. The in vivo efficacy of the combination was assessed in xenograft mouse models derived from EGFR‐TKI‐resistant NSCLC cells. We found that the combined use of EGFR‐TKIs and EGCG significantly reversed the Warburg effect by suppressing glycolysis while boosting mitochondrial respiration, which was accompanied by increased cellular ROS and decreased lactate secretion. The combination effectively activated the AMPK pathway while inhibited both ERK/MAPK and AKT/mTOR pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, particularly in drug‐resistant NSCLC cells. The in vivo results obtained from mouse tumor xenograft model confirmed that EGCG effectively overcame osimertinib resistance. This study revealed that EGCG suppressed cancer bypass survival signaling and altered cancer metabolic profiles, which is a promising anticancer adjuvant of EGFR‐TKIs to overcome acquired drug resistance in NSCLC.
Predicting the multiple parameters of organic acceptors through machine learning using RDkit descriptors: An easy and fast pipeline
Authors: Katubi Khadijah Mohammedsaleh , Saqib Muhammad , Mubashir Tayyaba , Tahir Mudassir Hussain , Halawa Mohamed Ibrahim , Akbar Alveena , Basha Beriham , Sulaman Muhammad , Alrowaili Z. A. , Al‐Buriahi M. S.
Published: August 2023

Machine learning (ML) analysis has gained huge importance among researchers for predicting multiple parameters and designing efficient donor and acceptor materials without experimentation. Data are collected from literature and subsequently used for predicting impactful properties of organic solar cells such as power conversion efficiency (PCE) and energy levels (HOMO/LUMO). Importantly, out of various tested models, hist gradient boosting (HGB) and the light gradient boosting (LGBM) regression models revealed better predictive capabilities. To achieve the prediction effectively, the selected (best) ML regression models are further tuned. For the prediction of PCE (test set), the LGBM shows the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.787, which is higher than HGB (R2 = 0.680). For the prediction of HOMO (test set), the LGBM shows R2 value of 0.566, which is higher than HGB (R2 = 0.563). However, for the prediction of LUMO (test set), the LGBM shows R2 value of 0.605, which is lower than HGB (R2 = 0.606). Among the three predicted properties, prediction ability is higher for PCE. These models help to predict the efficient acceptors in a short time and less computational cost.
Enhanced Opto‐Electrical Properties of Chalcogenide‐Rich Tin Selenide Thin Film after Incorporating Sulfur Yielding Tin Sulfoselenide
Authors: Sarkar Prosenjit , Nisha  , Kumar Pawan , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: August 2023

Alloy engineering are efficient methods to improve the physical properties of two‐dimensional (2D) material‐based photovoltaic application. Tin chalcogenide belonging to layered structured semiconducting family has been a significant compound due to its outstanding characteristics. Tin selenide (SnSe) is known as promising layered compound to develop 2D materials for optoelectronic devices. The current study focused onto the effect of tin sulfoselenide (SnSSe) alloy engineering on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed that SnSSe and SnSe are exist in the orthorhombic crystal structure phase without other secondary phases, with the preferred high‐intensity peak along (111) oriented plane. Raman spectra was reported to give information about the vibrational characteristics of the compounds. The presence of Sulfur ion in SnSSe was further confirmed by Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Bandgap energy (Eg) has been analysed by Tauc's plot and the derivative of transmittance spectra. According to both sets of analyses, the bandgap of the SnSSe thin film is considerably smaller than that of the SnSe thin film. Hall measurements indicated that SnSSe exhibits the higher hole mobility. The present work‘s results offer useful insight into the prospective device applications of two‐dimensional alloy materials.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of New Analogues of 4‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide
Authors: Chhabra Sumit , Shah Kamal
Published: August 2023

A new series of 4‐benzyl analogues of 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide was synthesized. All these compounds were subsequently tested for in vitro anti‐cancer activity against cancer cell lines selected by National Cancer Institute using one dose (10−5 M), following their standard screening procedure. The new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LCMS, and IR techniques. All the synthesized compounds showed sensitivity against tested cancer cell lines. Notably, the compound having 3‐fluoro‐4‐methoxybenzyl group on 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxide ring exhibited the most promising cytotoxicity effect. It displayed a growth percentage oscillating between −32.82 % and 93.85 % on Melanoma and Breast cancer cell lines, respectively. Additionally, this compound demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect on Leukaemia and CNS cancer cell lines. The most affected cell lines were MDA‐MB‐468 (Breast Cancer, lethality is 32.82 %) and MDA‐MB‐435 (Melanoma, −15.62 %). Other compounds in the series also demonstrated considerable antiproliferative effects on Breast cancer cell line.
Targeting Spike‐ACE2 Interface of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its Omicron Variant: A Comparative Screening of Potential Inhibitors for Existing and Anticipating Variants Using Molecular Modelling Approach
Authors: Takkella Dineshbabu , Sharma Sudhanshu , Krzemieniecki Radoslaw , Pabbathi Ashok , Sappati Subrahmanyam , Gavvala Krishna
Published: August 2023

The recent COVID pandemic has shown major impact on public health and economic crisis. Despite the development of many vaccines and drugs against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, the pandemic still persists. The continued spread of the virus is largely driven by the emergence of viral variants such as α, β, γ, delta, epsilon spike, omicron and its subvariants (BA.1,2,3) which can evade the current vaccines through mutations in the spike protein.[1] For instance, spike to omicron has modifications at different mutations (D405N, K417N, S477N, E484A, Q493R, N501Y, Y505H).[1b] These mutations will affect functional properties and hence may alter the specificity towards potential drug candidates. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of these mutations on interactions with existing drug candidates. In this study, we focus on the two forms of SARS‐CoV‐2, such as wild‐type spike and omicron and unveil their interactions with different drugs. For this purpose, we have taken about hundred drugs categorised in twelve groups of anticancer, natural products, enzyme inhibitors, antivirals, antioxidants, anti‐bacterials, anti‐malarials, antidiabetics, antimicrobials, anti‐inflammatory, antifungals and other drugs. We used in‐silico methods to understand the effect of these drug molecules on wild type and omicron spike RBD at the interface of ACE2 enzyme. Based on molecular docking results, we have chosen 7 best docked compounds and studied their interaction patterns in detail by molecular dynamics simulation.
Moderating effects of impulsivity and morning cortisol on the genotype‐phenotype relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adults
Authors: Garzón Rodríguez Nicolás , Briceño‐Balcázar Ignacio , Díaz‐Barrera Luis Eduardo , Nicolini Humberto , Genis‐Mendoza Alma D. , Flores‐Lázaro Julio César , Quiroz‐Padilla María Fernanda
Published: August 2023

Dysregulation of the morning cortisol response in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to underlie several of the alterations present in their lives. Thus, the interaction of this mechanism with genetic and behavioural characteristics could explain a large proportion of the aetiology of ADHD in this population. For these reasons, the present study explores the associations of 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified as significant (after correction for multiple comparisons) in the aetiology of ADHD with an assessment of morning cortisol and impulsivity traits in a group of 120 adults aged 18–24 years. Participants were recruited through private centres of neuropsychology and psychiatry, as well as through events in local universities. Morning cortisol within 30 min of awakening and motor impulsivity traits were shown to moderate the effect of SNP rs10129500 on the severity of the symptoms of ADHD measured by the Adult Self‐Report Scale. This variant associated with cortisol‐binding globulin would explain the low concentrations of this hormone found in young adults with high symptoms of ADHD, which is accentuated when there are high levels of impulsivity. The proposed model allows for transferring the theoretical relationships between the dimensions that explain the aetiology of ADHD to an applied exploratory model with good performance.
Journey of Mineral Precursors in Bone Mineralization: Evolution and Inspiration for Biomimetic Design
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Ma Shaoyang , Nie Jiaming , Liu Zhongbo , Chen Faming , Li Ang , Pei Dandan
Published: August 2023

Bone mineralization is a ubiquitous process among vertebrates that involves a dynamic physical/chemical interplay between the organic and inorganic components of bone tissues. It is now well documented that carbonated apatite, an inorganic component of bone, is proceeded through transient amorphous mineral precursors that transforms into the crystalline mineral phase. Here, the evolution on mineral precursors from their sources to the terminus in the bone mineralization process is reviewed. How organisms tightly control each step of mineralization to drive the formation, stabilization, and phase transformation of amorphous mineral precursors in the right place, at the right time, and rate are highlighted. The paradigm shifts in biomineralization and biomaterial design strategies are intertwined, which promotes breakthroughs in biomineralization‐inspired material. The design principles and implementation methods of mineral precursor‐based biomaterials in bone graft materials such as implant coatings, bone cements, hydrogels, and nanoparticles are detailed in the present manuscript. The biologically controlled mineralization mechanisms will hold promise for overcoming the barriers to the application of biomineralization‐inspired biomaterials.
Unlocking the Potential of Nanobubbles: Achieving Exceptional Gas Efficiency in Electrogeneration of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Magdaleno Andre L. , Cerrón‐Calle Gabriel A. , dos Santos Alexsandro J. , Lanza Marcos R. V. , Apul Onur G. , Garcia‐Segura Sergi
Published: August 2023

The electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the oxygen reduction reaction is a crucial process for advanced water treatment technologies. While significant effort is being devoted to developing highly reactive materials, gas provision systems used in these processes are receiving less attention. Here, using oxygen nanobubbles to improve the gas efficiency of the electrogeneration of H2O2 is proposed. Aeration with nanobubbles is compared to aeration with macrobubbles under an identical experimental set‐up, with nanobubbles showing a much higher gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) of 2.6 × 10−2 min−1 compared to 2.7 × 10−4 min−1 for macrobubbles. Consequently, nanobubbles exhibit a much higher gas efficiency using 60% of O2 delivered to the system compared to 0.19% for macrobubbles. Further, it is observed that the electrogeneration of H2O2 using carbon felt electrodes is enhanced using nanobubbles. Under the same dissolved oxygen levels, nanobubbles boost the reaction yield to 84%, while macrobubbles yield only 53.8%. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the use of nanobubbles in electrochemical reactions and demonstrate their ability to enhance gas efficiency and electrocatalytic response. These findings have important implications for developing more efficient chemical and electrochemical processes operating under gas‐starving systems.
Intrinsically Low Thermal Conductivity in a Novel Cu‐S Modified ZrS2 Compound with Asymmetric Bonding
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhou Zhengyang , Zhang Jiawei , Zhu Chenxi , Qiu Pengfei , Deng Tingting , Xu Fangfang , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun
Published: August 2023

Materials with low thermal conductivity have received significant attention across various research fields, including thermal insulation materials, thermal barrier coatings, and thermoelectric materials. Exploring novel materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity and investigating their phonon transport properties, chemical bonding, and atomic coordination are crucial. In this study, a novel ternary sulfide is successfully discovered, Cu2ZrS3, which is achieved by introducing copper ions into both the interlayer and intralayer of ZrS2. The resulting structure encompasses various coordination forms within each layer, such as [CuS4], [ZrS6], and [CuS3], leading to pronounced phonon anharmonicity induced by the asymmetric bonding of tri‐coordinated Cu atoms within the [ZrS6] layer. As a result, Cu2ZrS3 exhibits intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of about 0.83 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K and 0.35 W m−1 K−1 at 683 K, which are in the exceptionally low level among sulfides. In comparison to the conventional approach of inserting guests between layers, the substitution of atoms within layers provides a novel and effective strategy for designing low κL materials in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).
Healed injuries, ontogeny and scleritome construction in a Late Ordovician machaeridian (Annelida, Aphroditiformia)
Authors: Parry Luke A. , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Bruthansová Jana , Vinther Jakob
Published: August 2023

Machaeridians are armoured annelids that were morphologically diverse during the Palaeozoic. The scleritome developed from fleshy protrusions at the base of each parapodium, with alternating segments giving rise to differentiated inner and outer shell plates. The elytra‐like anatomy of the shell‐bearing soft tissues and distinctive jaw apparatus support an affinity of machaeridians with aphroditacean scaleworms. While frequently found as disarticulated remains, whole scleritomes of machaeridians are rare. Only a few species are represented by multiple articulated individuals, rendering many aspects of our knowledge of scleritome construction and growth uncertain. Here we describe a collection of articulated scleritomes of the plumulitid machaeridian Plumulites tafennaensis Chauvel from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Upper Tiouririne Formation of Morocco that includes individuals representing both adult and juvenile stages. These scleritomes shed light on the morphology of the anterior region in plumulitids and show an increase in the number of shell plates with increasing size, suggesting that unlike some derived lepidocoleids, at least some plumulitids added segments repeatedly during ontogeny. Shell plates with a distinctive umbo have previously been assigned exclusively to the anterior region, but our material shows that they are present along the scleritome, with corresponding sclerites on the opposite side of the skeleton showing normal morphologies. We suggest that these plates are abnormal and best explained as healed injuries, replacing plates that had been previously removed from the body, demonstrating the capacity for machaeridians to regenerate lost body parts, a feature that is widespread in living annelids.
Genome‐wide association of dry (Tamar) date palm fruit color
Authors: Younuskunju Shameem , Mohamoud Yasmin A. , Mathew Lisa S. , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Suhre Karsten , Malek Joel A.
Published: August 2023

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit (dates) are an economically and culturally significant crop in the Middle East and North Africa. There are hundreds of different commercial cultivars producing dates with distinctive shapes, colors, and sizes. Genetic studies of some date palm traits have been performed, including sex determination, sugar content, and fresh fruit color. In this study, we used genome sequences and image data of 199 dry dates (Tamar) collected from 14 countries to identify genetic loci associated with the color of this fruit stage. Here, we find loci across multiple linkage groups (LG) associated with dry fruit color phenotype. We recover both the previously identified VIRESCENS (VIR) genotype associated with fresh fruit yellow or red color and new associations with the lightness and darkness of dry fruit. This study will add resolution to our understanding of date color phenotype, especially at the most commercially important Tamar stage.
Correcting Non-Tidal Surface Loading in GNSS repro3 and Comparison with ITRF2020
Authors: Männel Benjamin , Brandt Andre , Glaser Susanne , Schuh Harald
Published: August 2023

Time-dependent mass variations lead to significant and systematic load-induced deformations of the Earth’s crust, impacting space geodetic techniques. Using the ESMGFZ loading models, the impact on the recent IGS reprocessing campaign (repro3) is studied. While non-tidal loading was not corrected in the original repro3, separate solutions were computed by applying the corrections at the solution and the observation level. An initial comparison between the seasonal components in the loading models revealed a good agreement with the periodic functions in the ITRF2020. Based on the considered test period (2012–2016), we found reduced statistical signatures if applying the corrections at the solution level. For the annual amplitudes in the Up direction, an overall reduction of 18% was achieved. Correcting at the observation level provided larger reductions (amplitudes are reduced on average by 42%). Moreover, the consistency of the derived products, i.e., satellite orbits, Earth rotation parameters, and station coordinates, is achieved. Overall, it is recommended to correct non-tidal loading displacements primarily at the observation level. In case of technical restrictions or software limitations, corrections should be applied at the solution level.
Minimally modified Fritzsch texture for quark masses and CKM mixing
Authors: Belfatto Benedetta , Berezhiani Zurab
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The Standard Model does not constrain the form of the Yukawa matrices and thus the origin of fermion mass hierarchies and mixing pattern remains puzzling. On the other hand, there are intriguing relations between fermion masses and mixing angles which may point towards specific textures of Yukawa matrices. One of the classic hypothesis is the zero texture proposed by Fritzsch which is, however, excluded by present precision tests since it predicts a too large value of |Vcb| as well as a too small value of the ratio |Vub/Vcb|. In this paper we discuss a minimal modification which still maintains the six zero entries as in the original Fritzsch ansatz. This modification consists in introducing an asymmetry between the 23 and 32 entries in the down-quark Yukawa matrix. We show that this flavour structure can naturally emerge in the context of models with inter-family SU(3)H symmetry. We present a detailed analysis of this Fritzsch-like texture by testing its predictions and showing that it is perfectly compatible with the present precision data on quark masses and CKM mixing matrix.
Connecting (g − 2)μ to neutrino mass in the extended neutrinophilic 2HDM
Authors: Cherchiglia A. L. , De Conto G. , Nishi C. C.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

One simple way to lower the scale of the seesaw mechanism that generates neutrino masses is to attribute part of their smallness to a suppressed vacuum expectation value of a second Higgs doublet as in the neutrinophilic 2HDM or in the type IB seesaw model. On that structure we add one charged singlet scalar to induce a chirally enhanced contribution to (g – 2)μ with the same righthanded neutrinos of the seesaw. We discuss the interplay of generating the necessary contribution to the latter with lepton flavor violation which is also necessarily brought to low scale. We show that it is possible to explain (g –2)μ even for heavy neutrino masses of order of a few TeV.
Gendered AI: German news media discourse on the future of work
Authors: Carstensen Tanja , Ganz Kathrin
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing public discourse regarding the influence AI will have on the future of work. Simultaneously, considerable critical attention has been given to the implications of AI on gender equality. Far from making precise predictions about the future, this discourse demonstrates that new technologies are instances for renegotiating the relation of gender and work. This paper examines how gender is addressed in news media discourse on AI and the future of work, focusing on Germany. We approach this question from a perspective of feminist technology studies and discourse analysis, exploring a corpus of 178 articles from 2015 to 2021 from German newspapers and newsmagazines. The findings indicate that critical AI and gender knowledge circulates in public discourse in the form of specific discursive frames, thematizing algorithmic bias, automatization and enhancement, and gender stereotypes. As a result, we show that, first, the discourse takes up feminist and scholarly discourse on gender and discusses AI in a way that is informed by social constructivism and standpoint theories. Second, gender appears as a—to some extent intersectional—diversity category which is critical to AI, while at the same time omitting important perspectives. Third, it can be shown that there is a renegotiating of the ideal worker norm taking place, and finally, we argue that the gendered frame of the powerful men developer responsible for AI’s risk is a concept to be challenged.
Benjamin–Feir Instability of Stokes Waves in Finite Depth
Authors: Berti Massimiliano , Maspero Alberto , Ventura Paolo
Published: August 2023

Whitham and Benjamin predicted in 1967 that small-amplitude periodic traveling Stokes waves of the 2d-gravity water waves equations are linearly unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, if the depth $$ {\mathtt h} $$
h
is larger than a critical threshold $$\texttt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle {\textsc {WB}}}\approx 1.363 $$

h

WB

≈
1.363

. In this paper, we completely describe, for any finite value of $$ \mathtt h >0 $$

h
>
0

, the four eigenvalues close to zero of the linearized equations at the Stokes wave, as the Floquet exponent $$\mu $$
μ
is turned on. We prove, in particular, the existence of a unique depth $$ \texttt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle {\textsc {WB}}}$$

h

WB

, which coincides with the one predicted by Whitham and Benjamin, such that, for any $$ 0< \mathtt h < \texttt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle {\textsc {WB}}}$$

0
<
h
<

h

WB

, the eigenvalues close to zero are purely imaginary and, for any $$ \mathtt h > \texttt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle {\textsc {WB}}}$$

h
>

h

WB

, a pair of non-purely imaginary eigenvalues depicts a closed figure “8”, parameterized by the Floquet exponent. As $$ {\mathtt h} \rightarrow \texttt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle {\textsc {WB}}}^{\, +} $$

h
→

h

WB

+

the “8” collapses to the origin of the complex plane. The complete bifurcation diagram of the spectrum is not deduced as in deep water, since the limits $$ \texttt{h}\rightarrow +\infty $$

h
→
+
∞

(deep water) and $$ \mu \rightarrow 0 $$

μ
→
0

(long waves) do not commute. In finite depth, the four eigenvalues have all the same size $$\mathcal {O}(\mu )$$

O
(
μ
)

, unlike in deep water, and the analysis of their splitting is much more delicate, requiring, as a new ingredient, a non-perturbative step of block-diagonalization. Along the whole proof, the explicit dependence of the matrix entries with respect to the depth $$\texttt{h}$$
h
is carefully tracked.
Spherical convex hull of random points on a wedge
Authors: Besau Florian , Gusakova Anna , Reitzner Matthias , Schütt Carsten , Thäle Christoph , Werner Elisabeth M.
Published: August 2023

Consider two half-spaces $$H_1^+$$

H
1
+

and $$H_2^+$$

H
2
+

in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d+1}$$

R

d
+
1

whose bounding hyperplanes $$H_1$$

H
1

and $$H_2$$

H
2

are orthogonal and pass through the origin. The intersection $${\mathbb {S}}_{2,+}^d:={\mathbb {S}}^d\cap H_1^+\cap H_2^+$$

S

2
,
+

d

:
=

S

d

∩

H
1
+

∩

H
2
+

is a spherical convex subset of the d-dimensional unit sphere $${\mathbb {S}}^d$$

S

d

, which contains a great subsphere of dimension $$d-2$$

d
-
2

and is called a spherical wedge. Choose n independent random points uniformly at random on $${\mathbb {S}}_{2,+}^d$$

S

2
,
+

d

and consider the expected facet number of the spherical convex hull of these points. It is shown that, up to terms of lower order, this expectation grows like a constant multiple of $$\log n$$

log
n

. A similar behaviour is obtained for the expected facet number of a homogeneous Poisson point process on $${\mathbb {S}}_{2,+}^d$$

S

2
,
+

d

. The result is compared to the corresponding behaviour of classical Euclidean random polytopes and of spherical random polytopes on a half-sphere.
A Case of Successful Biventricular Repair of the Transposition of the Great Arteries with a Coronary Anomaly Associated with an Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Hongu Hisayuki , Nomura Koji , Hamaya Izumi , Ugaki Shinya , Shimizu Toshikazu , Nisioka Makiko , Hoshino Kenji
Published: August 2023

The transposition of the great arteries (TGA) associated with a complete atrioventricular septal defect is a rare and serious congenital cardiac anomaly. In this report, we describe the successful biventricular repair of a TGA with a complete atrioventricular septal defect in an infant. Due to the low body weight of the patient and a complex coronary pattern anomaly, an arterial switch operation was executed, with the Mee procedure and pulmonary arterial banding as initial palliative measures when the infant was 22 days old and weighed 2.5 kg. Subsequently, atrioventricular septal defect repair using the modified one-patch method was performed when the patient was 1.3 years old and weighed 8.8 kg. Remarkably, the postoperative course of the patient demonstrated no notable incidents. To our knowledge, this is the first time a two-stage strategy was applied to repair these complex defects, presenting a promising approach for managing similar cases in future medical practice.
A novel high accuracy model for automatic surgical workflow recognition using artificial intelligence in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP)
Authors: Ortenzi Monica , Rapoport Ferman Judith , Antolin Alenka , Bar Omri , Zohar Maya , Perry Ori , Asselmann Dotan , Wolf Tamir
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Artificial intelligence and computer vision are revolutionizing the way we perceive video analysis in minimally invasive surgery. This emerging technology has increasingly been leveraged successfully for video segmentation, documentation, education, and formative assessment. New, sophisticated platforms allow pre-determined segments chosen by surgeons to be automatically presented without the need to review entire videos. This study aimed to validate and demonstrate the accuracy of the first reported AI-based computer vision algorithm that automatically recognizes surgical steps in videos of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair.

Methods

Videos of TEP procedures were manually labeled by a team of annotators trained to identify and label surgical workflow according to six major steps. For bilateral hernias, an additional change of focus step was also included. The videos were then used to train a computer vision AI algorithm. Performance accuracy was assessed in comparison to the manual annotations.

Results

A total of 619 full-length TEP videos were analyzed: 371 were used to train the model, 93 for internal validation, and the remaining 155 as a test set to evaluate algorithm accuracy. The overall accuracy for the complete procedure was 88.8%. Per-step accuracy reached the highest value for the hernia sac reduction step (94.3%) and the lowest for the preperitoneal dissection step (72.2%).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the novel AI model was able to provide fully automated video analysis with a high accuracy level. High-accuracy models leveraging AI to enable automation of surgical video analysis allow us to identify and monitor surgical performance, providing mathematical metrics that can be stored, evaluated, and compared. As such, the proposed model is capable of enabling data-driven insights to improve surgical quality and demonstrate best practices in TEP procedures.

Graphical abstract
On energy conservation for the hydrostatic Euler equations: an Onsager conjecture
Authors: Boutros Daniel W. , Markfelder Simon , Titi Edriss S.
Published: August 2023

Onsager’s conjecture, which relates the conservation of energy to the regularity of weak solutions of the Euler equations, was completely resolved in recent years. In this work, we pursue an analogue of Onsager’s conjecture in the context of the hydrostatic Euler equations (also known as the inviscid primitive equations of oceanic and atmospheric dynamics). In this case the relevant conserved quantity is the horizontal kinetic energy. We first consider the standard notion of weak solution which is commonly used in the literature. We show that if the horizontal velocity (u, v) is sufficiently regular then the horizontal kinetic energy is conserved. Interestingly, the spatial Hölder regularity exponent which is sufficient for energy conservation in the context of the hydrostatic Euler equations is $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

and hence larger than the corresponding regularity exponent for the Euler equations (which is $$\frac{1}{3}$$

1
3

). This is due to the anisotropic regularity of the velocity field: Unlike the Euler equations, in the case of the hydrostatic Euler equations the vertical velocity w is one degree spatially less regular with respect to the horizontal variables, compared to the horizontal velocity (u, v). Since the standard notion of weak solution is not able to deal with this anisotropy properly, we introduce two new notions of weak solutions for which the vertical part of the nonlinearity is interpreted as a paraproduct. We finally prove several sufficient conditions for such weak solutions to conserve energy.
Accuracy of radiographic projections to guide cephalic screw position in pertrochanteric fracture: a cadaveric study
Authors: Lazzarini Francesco , Paoli Tommaso , Cozzi Lepri Andrea , Secci Gregorio , Zanna Luigi , Innocenti Matteo , Matassi Fabrizio , Carulli Christian , Civinini Roberto
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Löwenstein Lateral view and the True Lateral view for the positioning of the cephalic hip screw, through a cadaveric study.

Materials and Methods

We placed two Kirschner wires in eight femur specimens using an Antero-Posterior view, Löwenstein Lateral view and True Lateral view. The distances between the Kirschner wires and the anterior, posterior, superior and inferior cortex were measured in all projections. The head of the femur was then sectioned, and the same macroscopic distances were measured. Finally, we could calculate the accuracy of the two radiographic lateral projections.

Results

When the Kirschner wire was placed in the center of the head using the Antero-Posterior and the True Lateral view, the accuracy of Antero-Posterior view was 0.9705 while the accuracy of True Lateral view and Löwenstein Lateral view was 1.1479 and 1.1584, respectively. When the Kirschner wire was placed superior on the Antero-Posterior and centrally on the True Lateral view, the accuracy of Antero-Posterior view was 0.9930 while the accuracy of True Lateral view and Löwenstein Lateral view was 1.1159 and 0.7224, respectively.

Conclusion

When the Kirschner wire was positioned proximal in Antero-Posterior view and central in True Lateral view, only the True Lateral view showed high accuracy.
Fostering trust and understanding in social and healthcare services with migrant-origin parents: qualitative focus-group interviews of foreign-born mothers living in Finland
Authors: Kankaanpää Saija-Liisa , Lehti Venla , Solin Pia , Salama Essi
Published: August 2023

Migrant-origin families may have a pronounced need for psychosocial support and healthcare services, but they face barriers in using services. To ensure the timely use of services, it is important that families understand how service systems work and trust care providers. Thirty-two migrant-origin mothers living in Finland participated in five focus-group interviews and shared their wishes for social and healthcare professionals on how trust and understanding can be increased. The data were analyzed with Qualitative Content Analysis. We identified six main themes related to the use of services and professionals’ behavior. These were the need for professionals to justify and explain questions, to meet each family as individuals, the importance of non-verbal communication, the need to talk about racism and discrimination, the importance of cultural sensitivity in services, and a discussion of positive aspects of life after migration and children`s strengths. To foster trust and mutual understanding in social and healthcare services, professionals should be aware of potential cultural differences in family life, while avoiding pre-conceived ideas. Misunderstandings can rise from language barriers and unclear or intimidating questions. It is important that professionals explain what they do and justify why they might inquire about a family’s personal matters. Working with interpreters is necessary when professionals and parents do not share a common fluent language. Professionals should also pay attention to their non-verbal communication and to being friendly. Finally, it is important to show interest in families’ experienced hardships such as racism as well as their strengths.
Current Forest–Savanna Transition in Northern South America Departs from Typical Climatic Thresholds
Authors: Valencia Santiago , Salazar Juan F. , Hoyos Natalia , Armenteras Dolors , Villegas Juan Camilo
Published: August 2023

The forest–savanna transition is the most widespread ecotone in the tropics, with important ecological, climatic, and biogeochemical implications at local to global scales. However, the factors and mechanisms that control this transition vary among continents and regions. Here, we analyzed which factors best explain the transition in northern South America (Llanos ecoregion and northwestern Amazon), where common thresholds on typical environmental factors (for example, mean annual precipitation (MAP), wet season precipitation) fail to predict it. For instance, savannas in the Llanos occur at MAP levels (> 1500 mm) which are typical of forests in other tropical regions. We examined the transition’s climate features, soils, and disturbance (fire frequency) spaces using remotely sensed data. We used logistic generalized linear models to assess the effect of seasonal (season length) and intra-seasonal (daily precipitation frequency and intensity) precipitation metrics during the dry season, soil silt content, and fire frequency, on the transition using canopy cover, tree cover, and the maximum Plant Area Volume Density as vegetation structure descriptor variables. Fire frequency and precipitation frequency were the most important variables explaining the transition. Although most fires occur in savannas, we found that a significant percentage of savanna pixels (46%) had no fires. This study indicates that the transition should be characterized regionally in response to biogeographic differences (for example, climatic space) among regions and continents. Our results highlight the importance of fire frequency and intra-seasonal precipitation in determining the transition in northern South America. Furthermore, future studies should consider regional differences in the climatic space of forest and savanna to improve projections of global change impacts on these highly diverse ecosystems.
Regional modeling of groundwater recharge in the Basin of Mexico: new insights from satellite observations and global data sources
Authors: González-Ortigoza Sergio , Hernández-Espriú Antonio , Arciniega-Esparza Saúl
Published: August 2023

Regional groundwater recharge (GWR) is crucial to improving water management strategies; however, the lack of available data constrains its computation. Here, a practical approach using remote sensing data and global hydrological products was implemented to estimate regional GWR in the Basin of Mexico, a ~9,000-km2 basin in central Mexico with a population of ~25 million people, where groundwater represents the most important water source. The soil–water-balance (SWB) model was applied to estimate the regional GWR from 2000 to 2021 in the Basin of Mexico using four model setups, including climatological records from ground stations (M1), remotely based precipitation from CHIRPS (M2), bias-corrected precipitation from CHIRPS (M3), and CHIRPS with temperature from the Daymet product (M4), and other global soil and land use datasets. Furthermore, the regional GWR model was calibrated using runoff from streamflow gauges and evapotranspiration from empirical equations and remote sensing data. The mean regional GWR values estimated in the Basin of Mexico using the M1, M2, M3, and M4 setups were 37, 45, 38, and 45 mm/year (10.38, 12.57, 10.73, 12.61 m3/s), respectively. All setups agreed that the Sierra de las Cruces represents the dominant GWR area; still, larger differences were obtained at high elevations due to the lack of climatological stations. Results suggest that annual precipitation and GWR follow a potential relationship dominated by elevation and surficial lithology. Finally, remote sensing and global sources could be successfully used to depict regional changes in recharge patterns within data-limited basins.
Nichttraumatischer prähospitaler Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand bei einer Schwangeren
Authors: Imach S. , Stracke J. , Adler C. , Ahnert T. , Domröse C. , Banaschak S. , Paul C. , Burst V. , Eifinger F.
Published: August 2023

Der prähospitale Kreislaufstillstand bei schwangeren Patientinnen ist ein sehr seltenes Ereignis. Dies limitiert die Erfahrung des Einzelnen. Strukturierte Trainingsformate zur prähospitalen perimortalen Crash-Sectio (PPCS) sind nicht etabliert. Gleichzeitig benötigt die Versorgung dieser Patientinnen sowohl prähospital als auch innerklinisch erhebliche personelle und therapeutische Ressourcen. Die Kasuistik soll für eine deutsche Metropolregion die exemplarische Ressourcenverwendung und die zeitliche Dimension der Versorgung demonstrieren. Basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche werden alternative Therapieentscheidungen diskutiert.
Publication and citation patterns of Austrian researchers in operations research and other sub-disciplines of business administration as indexed in Web of Science and Scopus
Authors: Schlögl Christian , Boric Sandra , Reichmann Gerhard
Published: August 2023

There are many studies which compared the publication and citation patterns among different research disciplines. However, one level below, potential differences within disciplines are not as well researched. Our article contributes to the research of said level by investigating the publication and citation behaviours of ten sub-disciplines of business administration and the potential differences between them. Of particular interest is a comparison of Operations Research with the other nine sub-disciplines. As research method, we conducted a scientometric analysis covering 283 professors at Austrian universities that offer a business administration program. Their publications over a ten-years period and the citations they have accumulated were retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. The results unveil strong differences between the analysed ten sub-disciplines, which are partially even greater than those between overall disciplines. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, we expected to see some peculiarities in the results for Operations Research. Authors from this sub-discipline are very present in WoS and Scopus. This sub-discipline achieves the highest average number of publications per researcher, and the highest self-citation rate. Apart from Operations Research, some other sub-disciplines also showed particular characteristics. This concerns especially Accounting, where publications often appear in German and in practitioner journals due to their national legalistic content. As was expected, Scopus overall has a higher coverage than WoS. However, the extent varies strongly among sub-disciplines.