bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ ТА У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ
Authors: Потапова Т. М. , Слєсарчук В. Ю. , Логвиненко Н. В.
Published: June 2024

Фармацевтична галузь сучасної України посідає значне місце в економіці країни та відрізняється значною наукоємністю і стабільними темпами зростання. Реалії фармацевтичного ринку сьогодення охоплюють усе більше різноманіття надання послуг, які реалізуються в специфічній організації роботи аптеки та набувають клінічну направленість і потребують додаткової спеціальної підготовки фармацевтів. Для підтримки та розвитку галузі важливим фактором є високий професіоналізм і досвідченість фахівців. При цьому професіоналізм повинен бути й у фінансово-економічному підрозділі ведення підприємства, і в елементах фармацевтичного менеджменту та маркетингу організації роботи аптеки, а також і в технологічних інноваціях, які дуже активно впроваджуються в систему охорони здоров’я.
Впровадження штучного інтелекту у фармацевтичну галузь змінило процеси відкриття, розробки, виробництва, клінічних випробувань і маркетингу ліків. Можливості штучного інтелекту варіюються від підвищення точності та мінімізації помилок до реалізації раніше неможливих нових ідей. За останнє десятиліття фармацевтичні дослідження змінили свою парадигму в бік досліджень на основі штучного інтелекту. Фармацевтична індустрія використовує штучний інтелект у розробці ліків, оптимізації дизайну ліків тощо, заощаджуючи час, гроші та зменшуючи ризики у вигляді ускладнень, небажаних побічних дій для пацієнтів під час вживання нових лікарських засобів. Автоматизація на виробництві на основі штучного інтелекту спрощує процес, покращує контроль якості та оптимізує параметри виробництва. Застосування алгоритмів штучного інтелекту для верифікації захворювань і прогнозування результатів випробувань є дуже перспективними для лікування пацієнта.
Таким чином, у нову еру фармацевтичної практики та освіти, навчальні програми вищої фармацевтичної школи повинні сприяти розвитку конкретних компетенцій для когнітивного, свідомого та ефективного використання цифрових інструментів.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ВИКЛИКИ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ В УМОВАХ КРИЗОВИХ ПЕРІОДІВ
Authors: Зелененька Л. І. , Гребеник М. В. , Микуляк В. Р.
Published: June 2024

У період кризових соціальних, медичних та геополітичних змін забезпечення якісного безпечного післядипломного освітнього середовища в поєднанні з особистоцентричним навчанням стали новим викликом та реальністю адаптації організації освітнього процесу. Це спонукало провести аналітично-дослідницьку роботу з використанням методології PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment Measure) серед лікарів-інтернів за спеціальностями «Внутрішні хвороби» та «Загальна практика – сімейна медицина».
Метою дослідження було вивчити сприйняття ролі автономії, навчального процесу та соціальної підтримки серед молодих фахівців у післядипломному освітньому медичному просторі під час пандемії COVID-19 та воєнного періодів. За даними опитаних лікарів-інтернів, організація робочого процесу достатньо висока. Щодо процедури введення в посаду та належного робочого навантаження в інтернатурі позитивно відповіли 77,2 % та 83,2 % респондентів. Молоді фахівці дали схвальні відгуки (2,85 бала) щодо можливості набуття належних навичок із виконання практичних процедур. Лікарі-інтерни нашої кафедри високо оцінили (3,09 бала) сприйняття викладання. Третя складова (соціальна підтримка) дослідження PHEEM вперше в історії оцінена під час воєнного часу. В цій компоненті 72,3 % лікарів-інтернів отримують підтримку від своїх викладачів. Проте 41,6 %  молодих фахівців дали негативну оцінку можливостям доступу до консультації в їхній карʼєрі.
Таким чином, наші результати демонструють високий рівень самоусвідомлення та саморегуляції в професійному фаховому становленні лікарів-інтернів, навичок взаємодії та відповідального прийняття клінічних рішень в еру серйозних соціальних та геополітичних викликів.
ВМІСТ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ У СУЦВІТТЯХ TAGETES PATULA L.
Authors: Грудько В. О. , Перепелиця О. О. , Яремій І. М. , Купчанко К. П.
Published: June 2024

Вступ. Перспективною сировиною для створення нових лікарських засобів є рослини роду Tagetes L. (Чорнобривці) з родини Asteraceae (Айстрові). Терапевтичний ефект рослин роду Tagetes L. пов’язаний з наявністю біологічно активних речовин, зокрема каротиноїдів. Серед вивчених видів і сортів найперспективнішими каротиноїдовмісними сортами є T. patula nana L. var. Gold Kopfen і T. patula L. var. Superboy Orange. Незважаючи на обсяг накопичених дослідниками знань щодо різних сортів T. patula L., майже не вивчено вмісту каротиноїдів у рослинах окремих нових сортів, зокрема сорту “Super Hero Orange Flame” (виробник “Benary”, Німеччина).
Мета дослідження – виявити і визначити кількісний вміст каротиноїдів у суцвіттях рослин Tagetes рatula L. сорту “Super Hero Orange Flame”.
Методи дослідження. Об’єктом дослідження слугували повітряно-сухі суцвіття культивованих рослин виду T. рatula L. сорту “Super Hero Orange Flame”, які було зібрано в період цвітіння на дослідній ділянці Буковинського державного медичного університету (Чернівці, Україна). Якісний склад каротиноїдів встановлювали методами тонкошарової хроматографії та спектрофотометрії екстрактів, отриманих при екстрагуванні сировини гексаном і 96 % етанолом. Для визначення кількісного вмісту суми каротиноїдів у суцвіттях рослин застосовували метод УФ-спектроскопії. Кількісне визначення суми каротиноїдів у перерахунку на β-каротин проводили методом зовнішнього стандарту.
Результати й обговорення. Для встановлення наявності каротиноїдів аналізували хроматограми екстрактів, отриманих при екстракції гексаном та етанолом. Гексановий екстракт містить не менше 7 речовин, а спиртовий – 10 речовин, які елюються ліпофільним елюентом і проявляють відновні властивості. Для спектрофотометричного виявлення каротиноїдів досліджували екстракт рослинної сировини, одержаний при екстракції 96 % етанолом у розведенні 1:5. На ділянці від 400 до 510 нм спостерігали 2 виразні широкі смуги вбирання з максимумами при 442 та 468 нм, що підтвердило наявність речовин каротиноїдної природи у досліджуваному екстракті. Абсорбційний спектр гексанового екстракту чорнобривців суцвіть також мав типовий характер спектра каротиноїдів у видимому світлі. За результатами УФ-спектроскопії встановлено, що вміст суми каротиноїдів у перерахунку на β-каротин становив (440±0,32) мг% сух. маси.
Висновки. Встановлено наявність каротиноїдів та визначено їх сумарний вміст у суцвіттях рослин виду Tagetes patula L. роду Tagetes L. сорту “Super Hero Orange Flame”, зібраних на досліджуваній ділянці ­Буковинського державного медичного університету. Значний вміст каротиноїдів у суцвіттях рослин виду Т. patula L. сорту “Super Hero Orange Flame” ((440±0,32) мг% сух. маси), на відміну від інших сортів цього ж виду, доводить перспективність проведення подальших досліджень рослин цього сорту як джерела каротиноїдів.
СТАН ЕРИТРОЦИТАРНИХ МЕМБРАН ТА ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ЕРИТРОЦИТІВ ЗА УМОВ СПОЖИВАННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИКА
Authors: Парцей Х. Ю. , Лихацький П. Г.
Published: June 2024

Вступ. У світі, насиченому постійними викликами та завданнями, енергетичні напої стають не лише засобом зарядження енергією, але й символом сучасного способу життя. Вони відображають потребу людей у швидкій та ефективній формі підвищення працездатності й концентрації у повсякденному житті. Проте, разом з підвищенням популярності енергетичних напоїв, зростає й увага до їх впливу на здоров’я. Обговорюються питання щодо безпеки та ефективності споживання енергетичних напоїв, а також можливі наслідки для організму внаслідок надмірного використання.
Мета дослідження – дослідити вплив енергетичного напою на стан еритроцитарних мембран та ендогенної інтоксикації.
Методи дослідження. Дослідження виконано на щурах-самцях лінії Вістар, які перебували у віварії за відповідних умов освітлення, температурного режиму, вологості й стандартного раціону. Забір матеріа­лу проведено при використанні наркозу (внутрішньом’язово тіопентал-натрію, 60 мг/кг). Піддослідних тварин поділили на чотири групи: 1-ша – отримувала питну воду (інтактний контроль); 2-га – одер­жувала енергетичний напій упродовж місяця, забір матеріалу здійснено на 1-шу добу після завершення експерименту; 3-тя – отримувала енергетичний напій упродовж місяця, забір матеріалу  проведено на 20-ту добу після завершення експерименту; 4-та – одержувала енергетичний напій упродовж місяця, забір матеріалу здійснено на 30-ту добу після завершення експерименту. Функціональний стан плазматичних мембран еритроцитів оцінювали шляхом визначення кислотної резистентності еритроцитів кінетичним методом, стан ендогенної інтоксикації – за еритроцитарним індексом інтоксикації та вмістом молекул середньої маси. Еритроцитарний індекс інтоксикації визначали в реакції з метиленовою синькою, вміст молекул середньої маси – спектрофотометрично після  осадження протеїнів за допомогою трихлороцтової кислоти.
Результати й обговорення. Дослідження кислотної резистентності еритроцитів та показників ендогенної інтоксикації за умов споживання енергетичного напою показало порушення структури мембран еритроцитів і підвищення вмісту молекул середньої маси й еритроцитарного індексу інтоксикації.
Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про розвиток ендогенної інтоксикації та зростання сумарного токсичного впливу на мембрани еритроцитів.
Narrativas de consumo de moda, inteligência artificial e emoções: o riso de Lu do Magalu
Authors: Oliveira Denise da Costa , Ventura Jéssica Baptista dos Santos , Silva Pâmella Cordeiro da
Published: June 2024

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo discutir la digitalización basada en la producción de emociones en el consumo de moda, centrándose en la risa. El problema que motivó la investigación se refiere a cómo las narrativas de moda que utilizan la inteligencia artificial generativa son las responsables de proporcionar nuevos afectos. Utilizamos como objeto de estudio narrativas de la influencer virtual Lu, de Magazine Luiza, producidas por herramientas de inteligencia artificial. Realizamos una investigación exploratoria con un estudio de caso y un enfoque cualitativo.
“IA, por favor, faça essa tarefa por mim”: inteligência artificial generativa nos ambientes de trabalho
Authors: Marassi Alessandra de Castro Barros , Nunes Mirian Aparecida Meliani
Published: June 2024

Este artigo aborda os riscos do avanço pouco reflexivo da inteligência artificial (IA) nos ambientes de trabalho da comunicação e propõe um debate sobre seu uso crítico e criativo. Buscamos uma visão panorâmica baseada na ecologia dos meios e na multidisciplinaridade da comunicação organizacional voltada às características de uma tecnologia que se anuncia ubíqua, a fim de refletir como a IA será capaz de auxiliar os processos produtivos da comunicação. Estamos dispostos a “educar” esses dispositivos para um ambiente democrático, inclusivo e seguro?
Inteligência artificial e ameaça reputacional
Authors: Gonçalves Marianna Abdo
Published: June 2024

El uso de la Inteligencia Artificial para crear y distorsionar imágenes y voces ya es una realidad que afecta también a las organizaciones. Esta realidad, asociada a la rápida difusión que ofrece la digitalización de la comunicación, amenaza las narrativas y discursos institucionales, y genera crisis de imagen. Así, el objetivo de esta reflexión fue discutir la necesidad de anticiparse a estas nuevas amenazas en los procesos de gestión de la reputación.
Inteligência artificial customizada e automação deprocessos: por que o ChatGPT não serve para organizações?
Authors: Santos Márcio Carneiro dos
Published: June 2024

En este texto se discuten las características de los modelos de generación de lenguaje provenientes del subárea de la inteligencia artificial conocida como generativa (IAG) y su posible uso en el entorno organizacional basado en el producto ChatGPT. Se defiende la hipótesis de que en su configuración estándar el principal representante de este segmento no está apto por diversos motivos que se analizan. En cambio, se propone el concepto de IA personalizada, que funciona mediante interfaces de programación de aplicaciones (API) y aplicaciones específicas las cuales utilizan estrategias más actualizadas para superar estas limitaciones aumentando su control.
O novo sempre vem? Literacia generativa e inteligência artificial na campanha da Volkswagen com Elis
Authors: Leme Alvaro , Spinelli Egle
Published: June 2024

A partir de la campaña de Volkswagen que utilizó técnicas de inteligencia artificial generativa para recrear a la cantante brasileña fallecida Elis Regina, este artículo realiza un panorama de la inserción de esta tecnología en la vida cotidiana. Para ello, se utiliza la metodología basada en la perspectiva de la arqueología de los medios, con el objetivo de establecer una alfabetización para la inteligencia artificial generativa mediante la identificación de rastros de posibles habilidades de identificación, análisis y uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) que se han incorporado a los medios, canales y plataformas a lo largo del tiempo.
Na era das IAs, o xeque-mate vem dos dados
Authors: Boarini Dulce Margareth
Published: June 2024

Data have always been essential in organizational communication and public relations and, as in any other sector, they have also become increasingly important in these areas in recent years as the main fuel for artificial intelligence. This research aims to show how professionals in communication agencies have had access to them, which interfaces they have used the most, and what challenges they face on a daily basis. We opted for a qualitative study using bibliographical and documentary research and in-depth interviews to evaluate daily contact with data. Results show that the supply of data can still greatly grow and that the employed interfaces require communicators’ constant curatorial work to prevent misinterpretations.
Association of Burnout and Other Factors Within Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers in an Academic Surgery Department
Authors: Santen Sally A. , Lockeman Kelly S. , Grover Amelia , Burns Dana , Akuamoah-Boateng Kwame Asante , Siner Cynthia , Ellis Lisa , Sparkman Brian K. , Miller Sarah , Nye Carla
Published: June 2024

Background

Provider burnout is a work-related syndrome that is under-recognized, under-reported, and has negative repercussions on the individual, system, and patients. This study investigated burnout incidence and its association with wellness characteristics such as resilience, psychological safety, and perceptions of the workplace to inform future work in improving well-being.

Methods

Electronic surveys were sent to 153 physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) in the department of surgery at a single institution. Survey topics included demographics, intention to stay, engagement, and items from validated measures for workplace perceptions including work pace/stress (Mini Z), burnout, psychological safety, and resilience. Descriptive statistics, bivariate associations, and logistic regression were used to evaluate responses.

Results

Overall response rate was 47%. The majority of providers reported feeling burned out (56%), and 48% indicated they would probably leave the organization within three years. Additionally, 61% reported being satisfied with their job and 55% felt that they contributed professionally in the ways they value most (meaningful work/engagement). Significant predictors for burnout included negative work environment perceptions (work pace/stress), low resilience, low meaningful work, and professional role (physician vs APP).

Discussion

Maintaining a healthy workforce requires investigation into the factors that support workplace well-being. The strongest predictors of burnout were work pace/stress. Protective factors against burnout were psychological safety and resilience. An organizational culture that promotes psychological safety, as well as workplace improvements to enhance providers' sense of meaning in work, and decreasing work pace and stress may contribute to the prevention of burnout and the retention.
Medicine’s Glass Slipper: The PAVAEX Boot and 20th Century Negative Pressure Therapy
Authors: Soto Alexandria L. , Olszewski Todd M. , Barr Justin
Published: June 2024

Before the 20th century, peripheral artery disease (PAD) manifested as extreme pain, chronic wounds, and, eventually, gangrene requiring amputation. Despite this, it was rarely diagnosed. However, at the turn of the century, Western medicine shifted focus from infectious to chronic illnesses, and with this change, physicians’ engagement with PAD transformed. Aiming to mitigate long-term injury, physicians now worked to identify and treat vessel disease to restore meaningful blood circulation. This article explores the development and deployment of a new device resulting from this refocus, the PAssive VAscular EXerciser (PAVAEX) Boot, and its role as a creative response to a previously intractable clinical problem. The PAVAEX Boot, designed in 1933 by vascular surgeons Louis G. Herrmann and Mont R. Reid, was one of the few interventions for PAD at the time. Based on the observation that continuous negative pressure results in vasoconstriction, while short bursts transiently increase blood flow, the PAVAEX Boot utilized intermittent negative pressure to enhance peripheral vascular perfusion. Well-marketed and praised throughout the 1930s, it vanished from public writing and academic literature just 20 years later. However, negative pressure wound therapy resurged in the late 20th century, and though its inventors failed to recognize the precedent of the PAVAEX Boot, many of these devices and therapies are rooted in identical theories. We examine why the PAVAEX Boot faded from use and argue that the device remains a crucial advancement in negative pressure therapy.
Optimizing Nutritional Needs of Burn Patients: An Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment Tools, Feeding Strategies, and Their Impact on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Zagales Ruth , Watts Emelia , Awan Muhammad Usman , Hernandez Nickolas , Haddadi Minna , Smith Howard G. , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2024

Background

Optimal nutritional support is essential to the recovery and improved outcomes of burn patients. This review aims to explore existing literature to evaluate nutrition assessment tools, feeding formulations’ caloric predictive ability, timing of initiation of feeding, optimal nutritional composition, and caloric intake in burn patients.

Methods

Three databases were searched to glean studies investigating nutrition in acute severe adult burn patient populations in four areas: outcomes based on feeding type and timing, the caloric predictability of nutritional assessment tools, outcomes associated with the composition of feeding formulas, and considerations related to caloric intake. Outcomes of interest included the effects of nutritional assessments using feeding type, nutritional administration timing, formula composition, and caloric intake on mortality rate, length of stay, and infection.

Results

A total of 19 studies were included. Nutritional assessment tools were determined to over- or underestimate resting energy expenditure (REE). Milner was the most accurate alternative to indirect calorimetry. Early enteral nutrition in burn patients within 24 hours of admission was preferred. 5 studies evaluated micronutrients and yielded variable results. Low-fat high-carbohydrate diets were the ideal macronutrient composition. Burn patients were shown to receive lower caloric intake than recommended.

Conclusions

Findings showed that while nutritional assessment tools tend to inaccurately estimate REE in burn patients, the ideal alternative to indirect calorimetry is the Milner equation. Several new equations may be worthy alternatives but require further validation. Enteral feeding should be initiated within the first 24 hours of burn injury whenever possible and should contain a high-carbohydrate/low-fat composition.
Modelling (A)symmetric Nexus Between Macroeconomic Information Sentiment Biases and Stock Market Returns in Case of India: A Bound Test Approach
Authors: Vaswani Prem , Padmaja M
Published: June 2024

This research attempts to scrutinise the asymmetric nexus of macroeconomic factors in determining the financial stock market performance using index returns of BSE-SENSEX and NSE-NIFTY as proxies for stock market performance in India. The auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) results demonstrate the long-term nexus of money supply, interest rates, gold prices, inflation, exchange rate, oil prices and foreign institutional investment (FII) in the capital market with stock returns. The non-linear ARDL (NARDL) results unequivocally support that the selected macroeconomic factors have an asymmetric nexus with the stock market performance. The study’s empirical findings have significant consequences for policy in designing the asset allocation decisions by the investor, portfolio managers and policymakers in the circumstances of a sudden positive or negative shock in the stock market.

JEL Codes: E44, G10, C58
Women Under Hindutva: Misogynist Memes, Mock-Auction and Doxing, Deepfake-Pornification and Rape Threats in Digital Space
Authors: Sen Rishiraj , Jha Shweta
Published: June 2024

This paper intends to scrutinise the anti-feminist leanings and misogynist outlook of the Hindutva ideology prevalent in the current socio-political and religious scenario of India. Gendered and sexualised disinformation and virtual violence are used as a prominent tool to attack the autonomy of women’s bodies by labelling them as sexually and socially immoral and thus further disapproving the credibility of their political opinions. Through specific case analysis, the paper explores the ongoing procedure to mute women in the digital space by the Hindutva ideologues.
Identity Construction, Reverse Discourse and the Amhara Nationalism in Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Birhanu
Published: June 2024

This paper examines how anti-Amhara ethnonationalists have constructed derogatory epithets to rationalise their mistreatment of Amhara, and delves into how Amhara nationalists endeavour to reclaim these epithets by imbuing them with positive connotations, contrasting with what the former has attached to them. It is a qualitative study that draws data from interviews with leaders of Amhara-based political parties, scholars, and victims of genocide, as well as review of social media content and scholarly literature. Foucault’s concept of reverse discourse, which entails resistance to prevailing discourse without altering the language and categories of the dominant group, was employed as an analytical tool. The findings reveal that ethnonationalist movements, emerging since the 1970s, utilised the imagery of ‘Amhara as enemy’ to spur political mobilisation. They construct disparaging epithets like neftegna (gun-holder) and timkhtegna (chauvinist) to justify their mistreatment of Amhara. This led to widespread killings and evictions of the people. In response, Amhara youths have formed a resistance movement since 2015. They strive to mobilise the populace by repurposing these derogatory labels as a tactic to resist discursive defamation and genocidal acts.
Mechanical strength and low-velocity impact behavior of glass fiber reinforced filament wound pipes with different number of layers after hydrothermal aging
Authors: Akın Yasin , Kara Memduh
Published: June 2024

Composite pipe is preferred over metal and other materials for water supply, liquid chemical transport, and fuel and gas transport. This is because composite pipes are more corrosion resistant, have a high strength/density ratio, high stiffness/density ratio, and more durable than metal pipes. The properties of the composite pipes employed may differ based on the operating environment. Therefore, determining the properties of the composite pipe according to the working environment is extremely important for its lifespan. The thickness of the samples is increased in line with different needs (such as increased strength). Increasing the thickness of samples, especially those exposed to different environmental conditions, and investigating the changes that will occur in the physical and mechanical properties of the samples are another important situation. In this investigation, glass fiber (GFRP) reinforced epoxy composite pipes have been examined, which were manufactured using the filament winding method with different layers [±55°]. To determine their properties in different working environments, the GFRP composite pipes were subjected to hydrothermal aging in pure water at 80°C for several days (7, 14, 21, and 28). The changes in their mechanical properties under working conditions were determined through hoop tensile strength tests and low velocity impact tests applied at different energy levels. The experimental results show that the tangential stress values increased by 10.59% as the number of layers increased. As the aging time increased, the durability of the 6-layer composite pipe decreased by 17.69%. Furthermore, the ability of the aged pipes to withstand damage was evaluated, revealing that the aging process exacerbated the damage within the pipes.
Who Is Your Biggest Critic? Cultural Variation in Moral Judgments of the Self and Others
Authors: Salvador Cristina E. , White Cindel J. M. , Ai Ting
Published: June 2024

People are motivated to punish others who commit immoral actions when they believe the person willingly committed such an act. Compared with European American individuals, East Asian individuals are more punitive of wrongdoings, yet are less likely to attribute actions to the person. Here, we drew on research in cultural psychology to test the prediction that Chinese individuals are more punitive in part because they are more self-critical than European American individuals. This prediction would imply that cultural differences in punishment are most pronounced in judgments of oneself (vs. others) and largely driven by a difference in self-enhancement motives. To test this prediction, we conducted two studies, where 1,563 participants imagined immoral (vs. moral) actions performed by themselves or others. We then measured self-enhancement (how much participants perceived the immoral act impacts self-esteem) and attributions (how much participants perceived the immoral act is due to the person). As predicted, Chinese individuals punished immoral behavior more than European American individuals, which was explained by Chinese individuals being less self-enhancing, as indicated by a greater perception that immoral actions will negatively impact their self-esteem. Dispositional attributions predicted punishment regardless of culture. This work highlights how cultural differences in self-enhancement are key to understanding moral judgments and their cultural variation.
Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications
Authors: Attia MennattAllah Hassan , Zaghloul Nancy M
Published: June 2024

Selfies are self-surveillance images or videos captured by individuals using digital cameras that, in the attempt to obtain content, may lead to selfie-related injuries or deaths. Criminal selfies refer to offenders who take selfies with their victim(s) during crimes. Globally, both phenomena are underestimated due to deficient official data and the social nature of these incidents. This pioneering media-based retrospective study on selfie-related trauma aims to offset the literature deficit on this topic in Egypt, as an Arabic-speaking country, and extend the global understanding beyond the Western context. We utilised the Egyptian newspaper articles published between January 2014 and May 2023. We identified 25 reports of selfie-related accidents that resulted in 29 casualties with an 82.8% fatality rate. Male victims outnumbered female victims and the mean age was 21.8 years, with most victims aged in their twenties. Regarding the causes of selfie-related deaths, drowning in the Nile ranked first (43.4%) followed by falling from a height (26%). Unless suicide was suspected (n = 1), the remaining cases were considered accidental. We also found four reported criminal selfies that were associated with intimate partner violence. Three of these offenders were male, of which two had a history of drug addiction. In contrast to selfie cases, only one offender belonged to the second decade age group. Overall, selfie-related deaths were infrequent, with an average of three incidents per year. In conclusion, audio-visual communication has altered the modus operandi of crimes, so the digital media analysis should supplement the criminological and medicolegal processes.
U.S. Federal Employees With Disabilities: How Perceptions of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility Affect Differences in Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Job Involvement
Authors: Emidy M. Blake , Lewis Gregory B. , Pizarro-Bore Ximena
Published: June 2024

Using the 2022 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, this study examines whether perceptions of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) help explain why federal employees with disabilities have lower levels of three predictors of work motivation: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job involvement. All aspects of DEIA have impacts, but accessibility matters most. People with disabilities have greater accessibility needs and are less satisfied with organizational responses; this difference explains much of why they have lower DEI perceptions. Lower DEIA perceptions account for nearly all the differences in job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job involvement. Although the federal service has been more effective than other sectors in achieving representation of employees with disabilities, objective measures of disability representation have minimal impact on these outcome variables. Instead, improving accessibility appears to be the key tool to making full use of the talents of federal employees with disabilities, alongside more equitable development and advancement opportunities and the espousal and enactment of inclusive leadership practices.
Unsettling Sociology Curriculum: Indigenous Content in Introductory Sociology Textbooks
Authors: Rodgers Kathleen , Scobie Willow
Published: June 2024

Teaching introductory sociology is one of the primary means by which sociologists mobilize knowledge. Ongoing critical reflection on the content of sociology textbooks is therefore an important disciplinary enterprise. The current critical moment in which many nations, institutions, and publics face a reckoning with their historic and current relationships with Indigenous peoples presents sociologists with the opportunity to examine how Indigenous peoples, histories, and perspectives are to be found in these pedagogical materials. Drawing on Critical Indigenous scholarship that “disrupts the certainty of disciplinary knowledges[’]” concept of “connected sociologies,” we examine the state of inclusion of Indigenous content in introductory sociology curriculum. To achieve this, we conducted a content analysis of 10 of the top-selling English-language Canadian introductory sociology textbooks, and we drew directly from interviews with Indigenous scholars. By introducing the literature on solidarity and allyship in the final section, we conclude with teaching and learning actions to incorporate in sociology courses.
Gait Characteristics and Development in Pediatric Populations With Visual Disorders: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Montagnani Eleonora , Bradley Holly , Smith Beth A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Vision plays an important role in walking development. Understanding gait characteristics and development in infants and children with visual disorders is crucial to identify early walking impairment and promoting optimal motor performance. We aimed to identify typical gait patterns and differences between infants and children with visual disorders and their sighted peers, and how these change over time, identifying key research gaps in this area. Methods: A search of three databases identified 1,531 papers, of which eight met inclusion criteria. Results: Children who are blind showed differences in gait compared to peers with low vision or full sight. Differences were identified across age groups with slower walking, postural, head, and trunk position alterations and uncoordinated and reduced upper limb swing motions observed in children with blindness. Discussion: We identified three macro areas of interest related to gait characteristics in children with visual disorders: (1) and (2) compensation mechanisms of limbs, and (3) probing the environment. In general, children who are blind also showed the use of a wider base of support, more external rotation of the feet, and fewer steps taken per minute. There are no studies reporting gait characteristics in the early stages of walking development, scarcity of longitudinal investigations, and studies using different variables to measure gait. The lack of such evidence prevented the establishment of gait development trajectories over time in pediatric populations with visual disorders. Implications for Practitioners: This review is the first to summarize existing knowledge of gait characteristics in children with visual disorders, advancing our understanding regarding the key differences in gait patterns that are observed in this population. Information gathered in this work can help inform future studies and practitioners in this field, enhancing decision-making processes to support walking development and promoting increasing knowledge of gait progresses in infants and children with visual disorders.
Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation for Congenital Epiglottic Cysts
Authors: Cai Hao , Gao Jinjian
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Congenital epiglottic cysts are rare disorders of the larynx with symptoms such as laryngeal stridor and inspiratory dyspnea and are life-threatening in severe cases. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation for congenital epiglottic cysts and provide a reference for clinicians to develop treatment options. Methods: The clinical data of children (n = 7, 4 males and 3 females) with congenital epiglottic cysts, who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children’s Hospital from March 2018 to March 2023, were analyzed retrospectively. Following preoperative examinations, all patients underwent low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation under general anesthesia, and the curative effect was evaluated. Following surgery, regular patient follow-up examinations were conducted to monitor recurrence. Results: The age at the time of operation ranged from 1 day to 99 days, with an average of 37.57 ± 35.01 days. The surgical procedure was successfully completed in all the children; dyspnea disappeared and no surgical complications were observed. In addition, during the postoperative follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years, recurrence was not observed. Conclusions: Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective procedure for treating congenital epiglottic cysts and deserves clinical application and promotion.
The Association Between Coping Strategies and Psychological and Emotional Distress Among Health Care Providers Caring for Autistic Children in Jordan
Authors: Abu Khait Abdallah , Menger Austin , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , Aldalaykeh Mohammed , Hamaideh Shaher H. , Al-Mrayat Yazan D. , Nusair Husam
Published: June 2024

Background:

Health care providers (HCPs) caring for autistic children report more perceived psychological and emotional distress related to their job. However, not much is known about what can be done to mitigate such distress, especially in countries with limited mental health resources, such as Jordan.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the association between coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant) and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs of autistic children in Jordan.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 180 HCPs working with autistic children in Jordan were recruited through autism centers and social media using an online self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 31% of the variability in perceived emotional distress was explained by its significant association with problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. Likewise, 39% of the variability in perceived psychological distress was explained by its significant association with gender, having an immediate family, area of specialty, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping.

Conclusions:

The study shows that problem-focused coping significantly decreases perceived emotional distress, whereas emotion-focused and avoidant coping significantly increase perceived emotional distress. Avoidant coping significantly increases perceived psychological distress. Understanding the association between coping strategies and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs can assist mental health nurses in identifying at-risk providers and providing timely emotional and psychological support.
Living Activism - Critical Social Policy introduction
Authors: SMITH ORLA , NAYAK SURYIA
Published: June 2024

Critical Social Policy ( CSP) proudly launches the Journal’s Living Activism Section. This co-produced introduction to the Living Activism section of CSP, includes the ongoing impact of the CSP Solidarity Fund, lessons from the 2023 CSP gathering ‘Learning with Solidarity Funded Activist Groups’ and an account by the Solidarity Funded activists Women and Digital Inclusion (WODIN). The Living Activism section of CSP is rooted in and continues to grow in the soil of activist’s situated knowledge. What is clear is that the ‘critical’ of critical social policy happens at the grassroots. The aims of the Living Activism section of CSP are focussed on drawing out the learning from the lived experience of activist work, including the inherent challenges, tensions and victories of resistance and transformation for social justice. The Living Activism section of CSP is an integral part of decolonisation. We are clear that to decolonise does not mean to diversify or increase variety, rather it is a questioning and taking action to redress which actors are privileged and placed at the centre.
N, S, P tri-doped porous graphene electrocatalyst with excellent oxygen reduction activity for zinc-air battery
Authors: Cai Qingyu , Ye Shishun , Sun Haiyang , Liao Yalin , Chen Hui
Published: June 2024

The heteroatom-doped graphene has attracted a lot of research due to its excellent physical, chemical and electrochemical properties considered to be the most promising electrocatalytic material for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Multi-doping can exert the synergistic effect between different doped heteroatoms and effectively improve the catalytic activity of doped graphene catalysts. N, P, S tri-doped graphene catalysts were prepared by simple and convenient hydrothermal and high-temperature treatment. The experimental results show that different phosphorus sources have a significant impact on the structure and performance of the prepared catalyst materials. The NSP-Gr-1 catalyst shows the high onset potential (1.035 V), half-wave potential (0.79 V) and limiting current density (−5.33 mA cm−2) for ORR. The power density of the zinc-air battery assembled with the NSP-Gr-1 catalyst achieves 163.1 mW cm−2 at 186.7 mA cm−2, which is much higher than the maximum power density of 140.0 mW cm−2 at 190 mA cm−2 for commercial Pt/C. The discharge stability under different current densities is outstanding.
Mammographic density assessment: comparison of radiologists, automated volumetric measurement, and artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis
Authors: Eom Hye Joung , Cha Joo Hee , Choi Woo Jung , Cho Su Min , Jin Kiok , Kim Hak Hee
Published: June 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis (AI-CAD) is increasingly used for mammographic exams, and its role in mammographic density assessment should be evaluated.

Purpose

To assess the inter-modality agreement between radiologists, automated volumetric density measurement program (Volpara), and AI-CAD system in breast density categorization using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density categories.

Material and Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on 1015 screening digital mammograms that were performed in Asian female patients (mean age = 56 years ± 10 years) in our health examination center between December 2022 and January 2023. Four radiologists with two different levels of experience (expert and general radiologists) performed density assessments. Agreement between the radiologists, Volpara, and AI-CAD (Lunit INSIGHT MMG) was evaluated using weighted kappa statistics and matched rates.

Results

Inter-reader agreement between expert and general radiologists was substantial (k = 0.65) with a matched rate of 72.8%. The agreement was substantial between expert or general radiologists and Volpara (k = 0.64–0.67) with a matched rate of 72.0% but moderate between expert or general radiologists and AI-CAD (k = 0.45–0.58) with matched rates of 56.7%–67.0%. The agreement between Volpara and AI-CAD was moderate (k = 0.53) with a matched rate of 60.8%.

Conclusion

The agreement in breast density categorization between radiologists and automated volumetric density measurement program (Volpara) was higher than the agreement between radiologists and AI-CAD (Lunit INSIGHT MMG).
North-south differences in incidence and surveillance of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Italy
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Mancini Silvia , Zamagni Federica , Crocetti Emanuele , Dal Maso Luigino , Ferretti Stefano , Baldacchini Flavia , Giuliani Orietta , Ravaioli Alessandra , Vattiato Rosa , Bella Francesca , Carrozzi Giuliano , Cascone Giuseppe , Ferrante Margherita , Michiara Maria , Musolino Antonino , Tumino Rosario , Usticano Antonella , Allotta Alessandra , Pollina Addario Sebastiano , Lacarrubba Francesco , Stanganelli Ignazio , Falcini Fabio
Published: June 2024

Background:

In Italy, the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is two-fold higher in the north than in the south. This gradient might be associated with differences in incidence trends and disease surveillance. We compared the time trends in incidence rates, mortality rates, dermatologic office visit rates and skin biopsy rates between the Emilia-Romagna Region (northern Italy) and the Sicily Region (southern Italy).

Methods:

The cancer registries of Parma, Modena, Ferrara and Romagna (current population, 2,606,465) and Catania-Messina-Enna, Siracusa and Ragusa (2,775,019) provided incidence and mortality records for the years 2008-2017. The records of outpatient services delivered in public health facilities were obtained from the two Regional Administrations. Trends in rates were assessed with the estimated average annual percent change. North-south differences were expressed as age-standardised rate ratios.

Results:

In the context of a generalised increasing incidence trend, which was more moderate in the female population of the Sicily Region, the standardised rate ratios were: 5.31 (males) and 5.20 (females) for in situ cutaneous malignant melanoma; 2.10 and 2.07 for invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma, with an excess incidence concentrated in lesions ⩽1.00 mm thick (3.58 and 3.05); 3.00 and 2.44 for dermatologic office visits; and 5.25 and 5.02 for skin biopsies. Mortality was stable in both Regions.

Conclusions:

In the Emilia-Romagna Region, as compared with the Sicily Region, a higher incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma –especially of in situ and early invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma– coexisted with a higher level of clinical surveillance. The question of the direction of the cause-effect relationship between increased incidence and increased diagnostic scrutiny remains open.
Inattentional aftereffects: The role of attention on the strength of the motion aftereffect
Authors: Roumani Daphne , Moutoussis Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

The way that attention affects the processing of visual information is one of the most intriguing fields in the study of visual perception. One way to examine this interaction is by studying the way perceptual aftereffects are modulated by attention. In the present study, we have manipulated attention during adaptation to translational motion generated by coherently moving random dots, in order to investigate the effect of the distraction of attention on the strength of the peripheral dynamic motion aftereffect (MAE). A foveal rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP) of varying difficulty was introduced during the adaptation period while the adaptation and test stimuli were presented peripherally. Furthermore, to examine the interaction between the physical characteristics of the stimulus and attention, we have manipulated the motion coherence level of the adaptation stimuli. Our results suggested that the removal of attention through an irrelevant task modulated the MAE's magnitude moderately and that such an effect depends on the stimulus strength. We also showed that the MAE still persists with subthreshold and unattended stimuli, suggesting that perhaps attention is not required for the complete development of the MAE.
Bending behavior of multi-layer sandwich composites reinforced with weft-knitted spacer fabrics
Authors: Delavari Koorosh , Tahbaz Pegah , Dabiryan Hadi
Published: June 2024

In this study, the bending properties of multi-layer sandwich composites (MLSCs) were investigated. For this purpose, first, 1 × 1- and 5 × 5-Rib gaiting weft-knitted spacer fabrics were produced using E-glass yarns. Then, glass/epoxy sandwich composites were prepared using produced fabrics as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix. Considering both the pattern of reinforcements and the arrangement of layers, different types of MLSCs were fabricated by the implementation of different stacking sequences. The prepared samples were subjected to the three-point bending test. Generally, the orientation of samples, structures of each sandwich’s layer, and stacking sequence of layers, as three impressive parameters affected the bending behavior of MLSCs. The results showed that in all samples, the maximum bending force (MBF) of MLSCs in the longitudinal direction is generally higher than that in the transverse direction. The MBF of MLSCs included both 5 × 5-Rib gaiting layers and 1 × 1-Rib gaiting layers increased with increasing the number of 5 × 5-Rib gaiting layers to 1 × 1-Rib gaiting layers. The MBF of MLSCs included of same number of 5 × 5-Rib gaiting and 1 × 1-Rib gaiting structures increases by placing the 5 × 5-Rib gaiting fabrics in the bottom layers, which shows the influence of stacking sequence on the bending behavior of MLSCs. According to the generated geometrical models, two-layer MLSCs are numerically simulated using the FEM. FE simulation and the experimental results brought about the same bending behavior of MLSCs.