bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document
Authors: Lygidakis N. A. , Garot E. , Somani C. , Taylor G. D. , Rouas P. , Wong F. S. L.
Published: October 2021

Aim

To update the existing European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2010 policy document on the ‘Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH).’

Methods

Experts, assigned the EAPD, worked on two different topics: (A) Aetiological factors involved in MIH, and (B) Treatment options for the clinical management of MIH. The group prepared two detailed systematic reviews of the existing literature relevant to the topics and following a consensus process produced the updated EAPD policy document on the ‘Best Clinical Practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH).’ The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence regarding aetiology and treatment which was judged as HIGH, MODERATE, LOW or VERY LOW, while the GRADE criteria were used to indicate the strength of recommendation regarding treatment options as STRONG or WEAK/CONDITIONAL.

Results

(A) Regarding aetiology, it is confirmed that MIH has a multifactorial aetiology with the duration, strength and timing of occurrence of the aetiological factors being responsible for the variable clinical characteristics of the defect. Perinatal hypoxia, prematurity and other hypoxia related perinatal problems, including caesarean section, appear to increase the risk of having MIH, while certain infant and childhood illnesses are also linked with MIH. In addition, genetic predisposition and the role of epigenetic influences are becoming clearer following twin studies and genome and single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyses in patients and families. Missing genetic information might be the final key to truly understand MIH aetiology. (B) Regarding treatment options, composite restorations, preformed metal crowns and laboratory indirect restorations provide high success rates for the posterior teeth in appropriate cases, while scheduled extractions provide an established alternative option in severe cases. There is great need for further clinical and laboratory studies evaluating new materials and non-invasive/micro-invasive techniques for anterior teeth, especially when aesthetic and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) issues are concerned.

Conclusions

MIH has been studied more extensively in the last decade. Its aetiology follows the multifactorial model, involving systemic medical and genetic factors. Further focused laboratory research and prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate any additional factors and refine the model. Successful preventive and treatment options have been studied and established. The appropriate choice depends on the severity of the defects and the age of the patient. EAPD encourages the use of all available treatment options, whilst in severe cases, scheduled extractions should be considered.
Worcester educator climate assembly: promoting sustainability leadership through participation. A community approach to education in climate emergency
Authors: Lengthorn Elena , Asbury Megan
Published: October 2021

Our urgent state of “Climate Emergency,” as declared by the UK Government on 1st May 2019, has done little to change our secondary education system or educational leadership. As we collectively begin to move into acceptance of the irreversible nature of a portion of the environmental damage and its long-term consequences, we need to explore the purpose and practice of education and educational leadership in climate emergency. How should we prepare teachers and educators to lead and develop young people in a time of climate crisis and who should be involved in making the decisions? This article reports on the findings of a Green Impact project, an online Educator Climate Assembly that took place on World Environment Day 2021, with West Midlands education stakeholder participants. The following themes are explored: responsibility, process complexity, confidence, sense of scale and communities of practice, with an invitation to readers to adapt this process and use it in their own education settings. Suggested further research includes trialing the process in a range of settings and a longitudinal approach to measuring the impacts.
Prosecutor v. Mladić (U.N. Int'l Residual Mechanism Crim. Tribunals App. Chamber)
Authors: Koh Steven Arrigg
Published: October 2021

On June 8, 2021, the UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (Mechanism) Appeals Chamber delivered its appeals judgment in Prosecutor v. Ratko Mladić. The judgment affirmed the 2017 trial judgment of Trial Chamber I of the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), which convicted Mladić, the Bosnian Serb commander, of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes during the war in Bosnia between 1992 and 1995, as well as affirming his sentence of life imprisonment. This constituted Mladić's final appeal, opening the door for his assignment to a prison somewhere in Europe.
Caracterización de la cerámica Thin Plain en el sitio arqueológico Chak Pet de Altamira, Tamaulipas
Authors: Márquez Lorenzo Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad caracterizar al tipo cerámico Thin Plain con base en materiales cerámicos obtenidos recientemente en el sitio arqueológico Chak Pet de Altamira, Tamaulipas. Esta cerámica, reportada por autores clásicos de la Huaxteca, se caracteriza por una mayor resistencia a la fractura y antiplásticos consistentes en fragmentos de cerámica molida de los tipos Prisco Negro y Pánuco Gris. Los resultados han permitido, a su vez, proponer una cronología específica para este tipo cerámico, el cual, cabe decir, guarda estrecha relación con la cerámica Heavy Plain; esto con base en una innovación tecnológica y no únicamente por la inserción de técnicas decorativas, como tradicionalmente se hace. De la misma manera, se ha podido precisar la cronología de este tipo cerámico para finales de la fase Tantuán III (100 aC-200 dC) y principios de la fase Coy (200-650 dC), es decir, para algún momento entre el 150 y el 250 dC. Los resultados, a su vez, se han correlacionado con el hallazgo de otros materiales cerámicos que también son marcadores de la fase Coy, entre los cuales destacan materiales del Complejo Tancol, directamente asociados con las muestras presentadas en este estudio.
The first -betti number and groups acting on trees
Authors: Chatterji Indira , Hughes Sam , Kropholler Peter
Published: October 2021

We generalize results of Thomas, Allcock, Thom–Petersen, and Kar–Niblo to the first $\ell ^{2}$-Betti number of quotients of certain groups acting on trees by subgroups with free actions on the edge sets of the graphs.
Dancing After Life: Flexible Spacetimes of Black Female ResistDance
Authors: Zami Layla
Published: October 2021

This essay explores the intersection of concert dance, cultural memory, Black womanhood, and non-linear spacetime from an Afro-European perspective. Inspired by Black feminist methodologies, the text interweaves performance analysis, historical context, interdisciplinary theory including my own concept of perforMemory, and auto-ethnographic experience gained through participant observation. My writing moves along three lines of inquiry tuned in the key of C: contextualizing, conjuring and contemplating. The article offers a case study of I Step on Air, a contemporary dance piece created by Nigerian-German dancer-choreographer Oxana Chi (Berlin/New York) and dedicated to Ghanian-German poet and activist May Ayim. By including an interlude with the choreographer's own creative writing about the piece, the article also provides the reader with the precious perspective of Oxana Chi on her process. The article is a reflection on/of the resonances between movement, writing, and activism. Let's celebrate the power of Black women to resistDance, step by step, move by move, breath by breath…
Beyoncé's Super Bowl Spectacles and Choreographies of Black Power in the Movement 4 Black Lives
Authors: Monroe Raquel
Published: October 2021

In this article, I argue that the spectacle of American football, and the performance practices of HBCU dance lines birthed within it and seasoned in queer nightclubs, propelled Black “femme-inintiy” from the sidelines to the center of choreographic and discursive practices of Black liberation. I wed queer Black feminism with Yoruba cosmology to analyze three protests instigated during three NFL events in 2016: Beyoncé's Super Bowl performance, the direct actions of Black Lives Matter activists at the Super Bowl, and Assata's Daughters’ protest at the NFL Draft. Ultimately, I theorize the generative potential of spectacle and uplift the organizing and labor of queer Black femmes and gender nonconforming people in the Movement 4 Black Lives.
Afro-Feminist Performance Routes: Documenting Embodied Dialogue and AfroFem Articulations
Authors: Chapman Dasha A. , LaMothe Mario
Published: October 2021

This conversation emerges from the Afro-Feminist Performance Routes's biennial gatherings at Duke University that have taken place since 2016. Hinging on the work of Lēnablou (Guadeloupe), Rujeko Dumbutshena (Zimbabwe, United States), Sephora Germain (Haiti), Yanique Hume (Jamaica, Cuba, Barbados), Jessi Knight (United States), Halifu Osumare (United States), Luciane Ramos-Silva (Brazil), and Jade Power Sotomayor (Puerto Rico, United States), the focused residency has nurtured embodied dialogues centered on African-derived dance practices and gender, femininity, womanhood, femme, and feminisms. What follows is a scripted simulation of conversations generated in roundtables, workshops, performances, and interviews, as well as around dinner tables and during late-night chats. We've woven together the artists’ statements under two umbrella themes—embodied philosophies and contours of diaspora—in order to highlight the relationship between creative practice and lived experience, between singularity and collective, between precarity and the everyday, between AfroFem and becoming.
Effects of in vitro exposure of sheep ovarian tissue to zearalenone and matairesinol on preantral follicles
Authors: Brito D.C.C. , Silva I.P. , Ferreira A.C.A. , Sá N.A.R. , Guedes M.I.F. , Rodrigues A.P.R. , Santos R.R. , Figueiredo J.R.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 µmol/l zearalenone (ZEN) and 1 µmol/l matairesinol (MAT), alone or in combination, on the morphology of in vitro-cultured ovarian preantral follicles. Ovaries from four adult sheep were collected at a local slaughterhouse and fragmented, and the ovarian pieces were submitted to in vitro culture for 3 days in the presence or absence of the test compounds. The morphology of primordial and primary follicles was impaired by ZEN. The plant lignan MAT alone did not maintain the morphology of the ovarian follicles; its combination with ZEN counteracted the negative effects observed when follicles were cultured in the presence of the mycotoxin alone. However, MAT was not able to promote the in vitro development of the ovarian follicles.
Is it possible to reconstruct a prehistoric religion? Latvian archaeology versus the believers
Authors: Broka-Lāce Zenta
Published: October 2021

Today there is a revival of groups who claim to practice ancient Latvian religion. They often accuse archaeologists of lying and concealing the evidence of Latvian past superiority. On the one hand, this might be considered a misuse of archaeological data in order to support religious or nationalistic beliefs. On the other hand, hypothetical reconstructions of prehistoric religious beliefs are related to public archaeology and the relationship between science and the wider society. The aim of this paper is to investigate attempts to reconstruct ancient Latvian prehistoric religion through the lens of the archaeology of religion, and at the same time to broaden the discussion into the problematic relationship between nationalism and public archaeology.
Development of key competences through Latin and Greek in secondary school in Italy and Spain
Authors: Canfarotta Daniela , Tosto Crispino , Casado-Muñoz Raquel
Published: October 2021

With regards to the latest European Recommendations, developing key competences has become an important goal of education. The purpose of this comparative study is to focus on this topic considering the teaching of Latin and Greek in upper secondary school in Italy and Spain. A multiple case study with a mixed research design was used, with 173 students and 25 teachers as participants in the quantitative part and 40 students and 18 teachers in the qualitative part. The underlined results are a) the importance of working on the learning concepts of the students of Classics, as this influences the way they study b) the teaching factors that help pupils to develop key competences are evaluation, feedback, teacher personality, interactivity and discipline. Useful paths for daily teaching and new perspectives for future research in this field are offered.
On the Similarity and Repeatability of Fast Radiation Belt Loss: Role of the Last Closed Drift Shell
Authors: Olifer L. , Mann I. R. , Ozeke L. G. , Claudepierre S. G. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E.
Published: October 2021

Properly characterizing fast relativistic electron losses in the terrestrial Van Allen belts remains a significant challenge for accurately simulating their dynamics. In particular, magnetopause shadowing losses can deplete the radiation belt within hours or even minutes, but can have long‐lasting impacts on the subsequent belt dynamics. By statistically analyzing seven years of data from the entire Van Allen Probes mission in the context of the last closed drift shell, here we show how these losses are much more organized and predictable than previously thought. Once magnetic storm electron dynamics are properly analyzed in terms of the location of the last closed drift shell, not only is the loss shown to be repeatable but its energy‐dependent spatio‐temporal evolution is also revealed to follow a very similar pattern from storm to storm. Employing an energy‐dependent ULF wave radial diffusion model, we further show for the first time how the similar and repeatable fractional loss of the pre‐storm electron population in each storm can be reproduced and explained. Empirical characterization of this loss may open a pathway toward improved radiation belt specification and forecast models. This is especially important since underestimates of loss can also create unrealistic sources in models, creating phantom electron radiation and leading to the prediction of an overly harsh radiation environment.
Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean
Authors: Delmont Tom O , Pierella Karlusich Juan José , Veseli Iva , Fuessel Jessika , Eren A Murat , Foster Rachel A , Bowler Chris , Wincker Patrick , Pelletier Eric
Published: October 2021

Biological nitrogen fixation contributes significantly to marine primary productivity. The current view depicts few cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the main marine nitrogen fixers. Here, we used 891 Tara Oceans metagenomes derived from surface waters of five oceans and two seas to generate a manually curated genomic database corresponding to free-living, filamentous, colony-forming, particle-attached, and symbiotic bacterial and archaeal populations. The database provides the genomic content of eight cyanobacterial diazotrophs including a newly discovered population related to known heterocystous symbionts of diatoms, as well as 40 heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs that considerably expand the known diversity of abundant marine nitrogen fixers. These 48 populations encapsulate 92% of metagenomic signal for known nifH genes in the sunlit ocean, suggesting that the genomic characterization of the most abundant marine diazotrophs may be nearing completion. Newly identified heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are widespread, express their nifH genes in situ, and also occur in large planktonic size fractions where they might form aggregates that provide the low-oxygen microenvironments required for nitrogen fixation. Critically, we found heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs to be more abundant than cyanobacterial diazotrophs in most metagenomes from the open oceans and seas, emphasizing the importance of a wide range of heterotrophic populations in the marine nitrogen balance.
Checkpoint blocker induced autoimmunity as an indicator for tumour efficacy in melanoma
Authors: Hassel Jessica C.
Published: October 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved survival of patients with metastatic melanoma but can induce autoimmunologic side effects. Ye et al. report a retrospective analysis that further supports the finding that these are biomarkers for patients’ clinical benefit. Thereby, patients with immune-related adverse events show a differential gene expression in chemokine-mediated signalling.
Antibody elicited by HIV-1 immunogen vaccination in macaques displaces Env fusion peptide and destroys a neutralizing epitope
Authors: Abernathy Morgan E. , Gristick Harry B. , Vielmetter Jost , Keeffe Jennifer R. , Gnanapragasam Priyanthi N. P. , Lee Yu E. , Escolano Amelia , Gautam Rajeev , Seaman Michael S. , Martin Malcolm A. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Bjorkman Pamela J.
Published: October 2021

HIV-1 vaccine design aims to develop an immunogen that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies against a desired epitope, while eliminating responses to off-target regions of HIV-1 Env. We report characterization of Ab1245, an off-target antibody against the Env gp120-gp41 interface, from V3-glycan patch immunogen-primed and boosted macaques. A 3.7 Å cryo-EM structure of an Ab1245-Env complex reveals one Ab1245 Fab binding asymmetrically to Env trimer at the gp120-gp41 interface using its long CDRH3 to mimic regions of gp41. The mimicry includes positioning of a CDRH3 methionine into the gp41 tryptophan clasp, resulting in displacement of the fusion peptide and fusion peptide-proximal region. Despite fusion peptide displacement, Ab1245 is non-neutralizing even at high concentrations, raising the possibility that only two fusion peptides per trimer are required for viral–host membrane fusion. These structural analyses facilitate immunogen design to prevent elicitation of Ab1245-like antibodies that block neutralizing antibodies against the fusion peptide.
High mechanical property silk produced by transgenic silkworms expressing the spidroins PySp1 and ASG1
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Ye Xiaogang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Shuo , Wu Meiyu , Ruan Jinghua , Zhong Boxiong
Published: October 2021

Spider silk is one of the best natural fibers with excellent mechanical properties; however, due to the visual awareness, biting behavior and territory consciousness of spiders, we cannot obtain spider silk by large-scale breeding. Silkworms have a spinning system similar to that of spiders, and the use of transgenic technology in Bombyx mori, which is an ideal reactor for producing spider silk, is routine. In this study, the piggyBac transposon technique was used to achieve specific expression of two putative spider silk genes in the posterior silk glands of silkworms: aggregate spider glue 1 (ASG1) of Trichonephila clavipes (approximately 1.2 kb) and two repetitive units of pyriform spidroin 1 (PySp1) of Argiope argentata (approximately 1.4 kb). Then, two reconstituted spider silk-producing strains, the AG and PA strains, were obtained. Finally, the toughness of the silk fiber was increased by up to 91.5% and the maximum stress was enhanced by 36.9% in PA, and the respective properties in AG were increased by 21.0% and 34.2%. In summary, these two spider genes significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of silk fiber, which can provide a basis for spidroin silk production.
Increasing the performance of Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings by LED light regimes
Authors: Liang Dangdi , Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Wei Xiaoxia , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Yu Weijun , Yang Liuqing , Oelmüller Ralf , Chen Faxing
Published: October 2021

Due to progress in the industrial development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), much work has been dedicated to understanding the reaction of plants to these light sources in recent years. In this study, the effect of different LED-based light regimes on growth and performance of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings was investigated. Combinations of different light irradiances (50, 100, and 200 µmol m−2 s−1), quality (red, green, and blue light-emitting LEDs), and photoperiods (10 h/14 h, 12 h/12 h and 14 h/10 h light/dark cycles) were used to investigate the photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidants and growth traits of passion fruit seedlings in comparison to the same treatment white fluorescent light. Light irradiance of 100 µmol m−2 s−1 of a 30% red/70% blue LED light combination and 12 h/12 h light/dark cycles showed the best results for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, internode distance, and fresh/dry shoot/root weights. 14 h/10 h light/dark cycles with the same LED light combination promoted antioxidant enzyme activities and the accumulation of phenols and flavonoids. In contrast, lower light irradiance (50 µmol m−2 s−1) had negative effects on most of the parameters. We conclude that passion fruit seedlings' optimal performance and biomass production requires long and high light irradiances with a high blue light portion.
Seasonal variability of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on multiple sclerosis onset
Authors: Stridh Pernilla , Kockum Ingrid , Huang Jesse
Published: October 2021

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its effect on the age of disease onset remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and age of first symptom onset among recently diagnosed MS patients. Serum 25(OH)D was measured from forty MS patients sampled near disease onset. After correcting seasonal variability, the association between 25(OH)D levels, along with other clinical measures such as IgG index, and age at MS onset was examined using multivariable linear regression. Serum 25(OH)D was not correlated with age at onset (P > 0.5). We observed bias among previously reported associations between 25(OH)D and MS disease measures resulting from non-random distribution of sampling by season. After correcting for seasonal 25(OH)D and other clinical measures, only CSF IgG index remained significantly associated with age at disease onset (β = − 5.35, P = 0.028). In summary, we observed no association between age at onset and serum 25(OH)D levels but observed a negative correlation with CSF IgG index, although this will require further investigation.
Elucidate multidimensionality of type 1 diabetes mellitus heterogeneity by multifaceted information
Authors: Chen Shaw-Ji , Cheng Jen-Liang , Lee Sheng-An , Wang Tse-Yi , Jang Jyy-Yu , Chen Kuang-Chi
Published: October 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. Different factors, including genetics and viruses may contribute to T1D, but the causes of T1D are not fully known, and there is currently no cure. The advent of high-throughput technologies has revolutionized the field of medicine and biology, and analysis of multi-source data along with clinical information has brought a better understanding of the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis. The aim of this work was the development of a data repository linking clinical information and interactome studies in T1D. To address this goal, we analyzed the electronic health records and online databases of genes, proteins, miRNAs, and pathways to have a global view of T1D. There were common comorbid diseases such as anemia, hypertension, vitreous diseases, renal diseases, and atherosclerosis in the phenotypic disease networks. In the protein–protein interaction network, CASP3 and TNF were date-hub proteins involved in several pathways. Moreover, CTNNB1, IGF1R, and STAT3 were hub proteins, whereas miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-23-3p, and miR-20a-5p were hub miRNAs in the gene-miRNA interaction network. Multiple levels of information including genetic, protein, miRNA and clinical data resulted in multiple results, which suggests the complementarity of multiple sources. With the integration of multifaceted information, it will shed light on the mechanisms underlying T1D; the provided data and repository has utility in understanding phenotypic disease networks for the potential development of comorbidities in T1D patients as well as the clues for further research on T1D comorbidities.
DLX6-AS1 activated by H3K4me1 enhanced secondary cisplatin resistance of lung squamous cell carcinoma through modulating miR-181a-5p/miR-382-5p/CELF1 axis
Authors: Zhao Xu , Wang Jizhao , Zhu Rui , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: October 2021

Cisplatin (CDDP) based chemotherapy is widely used as the first-line strategy in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, secondary cisplatin resistance majorly undermines the cisplatin efficacy leading to a worse prognosis. In this respect, we have identified the role of the DLX6-AS1/miR-181a-5p/miR-382-5p/CELF1 axis in regulating cisplatin resistance of LUSC. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect gene expression. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the migration and invasion ability of LUSC cells. CCK-8 assay was used to investigate the IC50 of LUSC cells. Flow cytometry was used to test cell apoptosis rate. RNA pull-down and Dual luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to evaluate the crosstalk. DLX6-AS1 was aberrantly high expressed in LUSC tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated with miR-181a-5p and miR-382-5p expression. DLX6-AS1 expression was enhanced by H3K4me1 in cisplatin resistant LUSC cells. Besides, DLX6-AS1 knockdown led to impaired IC50 of cisplatin resistant LUSC cells. Furthermore, DLX6-AS1 interacted with miR-181a-5p and miR-382-5p to regulate CELF1 expression and thereby mediated the cisplatin sensitivity of cisplatin resistant LUSC cells. DLX6-AS1 induced by H3K4me1 played an important role in promoting secondary cisplatin resistance of LUSC through regulating the miR-181a-5p/miR-382-5p/CELF1 axis. Therefore, targeting DLX6-AS1 might be a novel way of reversing secondary cisplatin resistance in LUSC.
Insight into the Fischer–Tropsch mechanism on hcp-Fe7C3 (211) by density functional theory: the roles of surface carbon and vacancies
Authors: Ren Jie , Ai Ning , Yu Yingzhe
Published: October 2021

The Fischer–Tropsch mechanism on hcp-Fe7C3 (211): the circulation of the surface carbon.
High-performance Ni–Ce1−xZrxO2 nanoparticles for biogas reforming: enhanced CO2 activation and stability
Authors: Zhang Zhige , Zhao Guofeng , Bing Han , Zhong Jiawei , Yuan Haoran , Xie Jun , Chen Yong
Published: October 2021

The efficient utilization of renewable biogas has attracted ever-increasing interest in the past few decades.
A small-molecule donor with a thieno[3,2-c]isochromene unit to synchronously improve the efficiency and stability of ternary fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Tang Wei , Xia Hao , Zhu Mengbing , Shao Lin , Peng Wenhong , Zhang Bin , Liu Yu , Tan Hua , Song Xin , Zhu Weiguo
Published: October 2021

A small-molecule donor of TiC8 was primarily used as a third component to construct ternary fullerene OSCs. A high PCE of 11.12% and record device stability were simultaneously obtained in the ternary fullerene OSCs by adding TiC8 into the PTB7-Th:PC71BM host matrix, which maintains 80% of the initial PCE after 4752 h at room temperature in a N2-filled glovebox.
Improving molecular alignment and charge percolation in semiconducting polymer films with highly localized electronic states through tailored thermal annealing
Authors: Luzio Alessandro , Martin Jaime , Cheng Christina H. , Stingelin Natalie , Toney Michael F. , Salleo Alberto , Caironi Mario
Published: October 2021

A tailored thermal treatment on aligned P(NDI-T2) films, simultaneously inducing lamellar thickening and improved alignment, is demonstrated. Enhanced transport properties are observed and univocally addressed to the augmented orientational order.
Defects in black zirconia responsible for solar energy harvesting
Authors: Qi Fugong , Yang Zhenwen , Wang Ying , Qiu Qiwen , Li Huijun
Published: October 2021

Black zirconia contains both VO and IZr defects, both of which can enhance its light absorption performance.
A Preliminary Study of the Relation of Visual Attention to Stimulus Complexity and Functional Vision in Individuals With Cortical Visual Impairment: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: McCarty Tara V. , Sowers Dawn J. , Wolf Sophie J. , Wilkinson Krista M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Individuals with cortical visual impairment (CVI) can have difficulties with visual processing due to physical damage or atypical structures of visual pathways or visual processing centers in the brain. Many individuals with CVI have concomitant disabilities, including significant communication support needs; these individuals can benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Because much AAC involves a visual channel, implementation of AAC must consider the unique visual processing skills and challenges in CVI. However, little is known empirically about how to best design AAC for individuals with CVI. This study examined processing of visual stimuli in four young adolescents with CVI.

Method:

This study used a within-subjects experimental design that sought to provide an in-depth description of the visual engagement of individuals with CVI when viewing stimuli of various levels of complexity, either with or without a social cue.

Results:

Participants engaged most with the simplest stimuli (relative to the size of those stimuli) and engaged more when a social cue was provided during the task. The level of engagement with more complex stimuli was related to participants' score on the CVI Range, a clinical assessment tool that characterizes level of visual functioning.

Conclusions:

Implications for AAC include considerations for the internal complexity of AAC symbols and the complexity of the arrays created for individuals with CVI. Clinicians working with children with CVI who use AAC should consider the unique features of their visual processing.
On k-rainbow domination in middle graphs
Authors: Kim Kijung
Published: October 2021

Let G be a finite simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A function f : V(G) → P({1,2,…,k}) is a k-rainbow dominating function on G if for each vertex v∈V(G) for which f(v) = ∅, it holds that ⋃u∈N(v) f(u) = {1,2,…,k}. The weight of a k-rainbow dominating function is the value ∑v∈V(G)|f(v)|. The k-rainbow domination number γrk (G) is the minimum weight of a k-rainbow dominating function on G. In this paper, we initiate the study of k-rainbow domination numbers in middle graphs. We define the concept of a middle k-rainbow dominating function, obtain some bounds related to it and determine the middle 3-rainbow domination number of some classes of graphs. We also provide upper and lower bounds for the middle 3-rainbow domination number of trees in terms of the matching number. In addition, we determine the 3-rainbow domatic number for the middle graph of paths and cycles.
Jetzt die Weichen stellen für ein leistungsfähiges
Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Hoffmann Falk , Ihle Peter , Semler Sebastian Claudius , March Stefanie
Published: October 2021

Auf der Grundlage der §§ 303a bis 303f SGBV werden aktuell die
Weichen für eine innovative und leistungsstarke Informations- und
Datenplattform gestellt. Dies erfordert die aktuelle und kurzfristige
Bereitstellung maßgeblicher Daten des Gesundheitswesens, vor allem von
Prozessdaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und anderer
Sozialversicherungsträger, unter Anwendung wissenschaftlich anerkannter
Standards und unter gleichzeitiger Einhaltung datenschutzrechtlicher
Bestimmungen. In zehn Empfehlungen werden aus der Sicht künftiger
Nutzer*innen Erwartungen an ein „ideales“ FDZ Gesundheit
gestellt. Der Beitrag richtet sich als Angebot der Wissenschaft und
Versorgungsforschung an Entscheidungsträger im Bereich der Politik und
der Selbstverwaltung im deutschen Gesundheitssystem, diese bei Aufbau und
Weiterentwicklung des FDZ zu unterstützen und kontinuierlich zu
begleiten.
COVID-19 and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Injury
Authors: Mizera Lars , Borst Oliver
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular manifestations are frequent in COVID-19 infection and are predictive of adverse outcomes. Elevated cardiac biomarkers are common findings in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and severe COVID-19 infection. Troponin, inflammatory and thrombotic markers may also improve risk prediction in COVID-19. In our comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the incidence, potential mechanisms and outcome of acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Thereby, we discuss coagulation abnormalities in sepsis and altered immune response as contributing factors favoring myocardial injury. We further highlight the role of endothelial damage in the pathophysiological concepts. Finally, observational studies addressing the incidence of myocardial infarction during COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Detecção de Cutibacterium acnes em amostras de tecidos de cirurgias limpas primárias do ombro – Parte I
Authors: Miyazaki Alberto Naoki , Checchia Caio Santos , Fonseca Filho João Manoel , Gonçalves Guilherme Vieira , Conte Luiz Henrique Gallego , Sella Guilherme do Val
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Identificar agentes bacterianos em amostras de cirurgias do ombro de pacientes sem histórico de infecção e de cirurgias prévias no ombro.

Métodos Amostras de tendão, bursa e osso foram coletadas no intraoperatório, armazenadas em frascos estéreis a seco e enviadas para análise de crescimento de cultura em meios para agentes aeróbios e anaeróbios no laboratório credenciado ao hospital. Foram analisados os resultados de 141 amostras de 47 ombros.

Resultados Obtivemos resultados de culturas negativas em 46 casos (97,8%) e em 140 amostras (99,2%). Apenas um paciente apresentou resultado positivo, com crescimento bacteriano do Staphylococcus hominis em uma das três amostras coletadas.

Conclusões Não evidenciamos taxas de crescimento bacteriano condizentes com a literatura internacional, alertando para a baixa eficácia dos métodos laboratoriais utilizados no nosso país.
Validation of RNA Aptamer Probes to Image Candida albicans in Paraffin-Embedded Sections of Wistar Rat Tongue
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Srisawat Chatchawan , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Soedjodono Retno D. , Prabandari Silvia Arin , Bachtiar Endang W.
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to validate the use of Ca-apt-1, an RNA aptamer, that we generated previously as a probe for immunostaining of Candida albicans in rat tongue paraffin-fixed tissue sections

Material and Methods The performance of Ca-apt-1 as a detector molecule was compared with that of anti-C. albicans polyclonal antibody (PcAb), which was used as a positive control. Immunostaining images were visualized by light microscopy and were analyzed by using ImageJ software.

Results Microscopic results demonstrated that Ca-apt-1 specifically recognized and immunostained C. albicans cells of rat tongue candidiasis, with a specificity comparable to that of PcAb. ImageJ analysis showed that the area (pixels) detected by Ca-apt-1 was wider than that detected by the antibody. This indicates that the binding affinity of Ca-apt-1 toward C. albicans was better than that of PcAb on paraffin-embedded tissues.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that Ca-apt-1 can be used as a probe for immunostaining of fixed tissue sections for oral candidiasis diagnosis.
Salivary Atopy Biomarkers in Patients with Geographic Tongue
Authors: Farhad-Mollashahi Leila , Dalirsani Zohreh , Honarmand Marieh , Salimi Saeedeh , Shahabi Nezhad Soudeh
Published: October 2021

Objectives Geographic tongue is the mucositis of the dorsal surface of the tongue with no definite etiology, although it may be associated with atopic conditions. In this study, the salivary immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels were assessed in patients with geographic tongue to examine the relationship between this condition and allergy-related biomarkers.

Materials and Methods In this case-control study, unstimulated saliva was collected from 45 geographic tongue patients and 45 controls, and the salivary IgE and ECP levels were assessed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 using the Mann–Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results The salivary IgE level in the case and control groups was 123.76 ± 8.1 and 74.34 ± 6.2 IU/mL, respectively, and the salivary ECP level was 9.4 ± 6.0 and 7.6 ± 3.2 ng/mL, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of salivary IgE (p = 0.007) and ECP (p = 0.001) levels.

Conclusion Salivary IgE and ECP levels increase in patients with geographic tongue. They can, therefore, be used for the initial diagnostic workup and to investigate the possible association of geographic tongue with allergic reactions.
Beschaffungskongress: Postpandemische Perspektive des Einkaufs- und Logistik-Managements
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: October 2021

Am 1. und 2. Dezember 2021 findet der 12. Beschaffungskongress der Krankenhäuser in Berlin statt. Prof. Dr. Dr. Wilfried von Eiff gibt einen Einblick in die Themen der Branche.
Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz: Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen für eine nachhaltige Beschaffung
Authors: Schork Christian , Schreier Birgit
Published: October 2021

Der Gesetzgeber hat das Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz („LkSG“) verabschiedet. Unternehmen werden ab dem 1. Januar 2023 verpflichtet, sich darum zu bemühen, Menschenrechte und Umweltstandards in ihren Lieferketten einzuhalten. Die Einkaufsabteilungen sollten bereits jetzt damit beginnen, die Compliance-Maßnahmen umzusetzen.
Journalists’ use of social media
Authors: Haapanen Lauri
Published: October 2021

This paper shows that journalists are gradually taking
greater advantage of social media and the interactional affordances it
offers. This means, firstly, that journalists can benefit from social media
not only by monitoring conversations, but also by participating in and
initiating them. Secondly, journalists can not only collect information and
identify sources, but also actively ask for them. Thirdly, journalists can
not only distribute their work, but also market it and brand themselves. As
these interactional extensions enable journalists to already engage with
their audience during the newswriting, the paper concludes by discussing the
potential of social media for improving the transparency of journalistic
work and, therefore, for restoring a trusting relationship between the news
media and their audience.
How oral texts are organized in monolingual and heritage Russian
Authors: Gagarina Natalia , Fichman Sveta , Galkina Elena , Protassova Ekaterina , Ringblom Natalia , Rodina Yulia
Published: October 2021

The present study examines narrative macrostructure, measured as Story Structure (SS) and Story Complexity (SC), in bilinguals speaking Russian as their home/heritage language (L1) and exposed to different societal languages (L2), while focusing on the effects of different L2s, bilingualism, and episodic structure and compares it to monolingual Russian. The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) was used to elicit narratives in L1/Russian from 162 L2 Finnish, German, Hebrew, Norwegian, or Swedish bilinguals (4- and 6-year-olds) and 21 monolingual Russian children (4-year-olds). Age-matched bilinguals showed similarity in SS (except for children speaking L2 German or Hebrew) and SC. Monolinguals (age range 50–59 months) outperformed younger bilinguals (age range 48–59 months) in SS and SC but performed similarly to older bilinguals (age range 66–83 months). Fine-grained analysis revealed that a well-formed episode might include an Attempt-Outcome sequence combined with Internal States (and not only Goal-Attempt-Outcome) and that children are sensitive to events depicted in each episode. The findings show some evidence for the universality of macrostructure and provide insight into macrostructural knowledge at the episode level. The results are discussed within the theoretical model of multidimensional text organization.
Lexical diversity in bilingual speakers of Croatian and Italian
Authors: Hržica Gordana , Roch Maja
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether measures of lexical diversity (LD) can be used to assess general lexical knowledge. This study focused on 30 sequential Croatian/Italian bilinguals aged between 5 and 7 years, who were compared with 30 Croatian and 30 Italian monolinguals matched in age. LD was assessed from narrative language samples using standard measures and compared with Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) results. Two LD measures, the type-token ratio (TTR) and Maas Index based on TTR transformation, did not differentiate between bilinguals and monolinguals, whereas several other did: total number of words (NTW), number of different words (NDW), measure D, moving average type-token ratio (MATTR) and hypergeometric diversity of D (HD-D). NTW, NDW, D, MATTR and HD-D were predictive of PPVT results for monolinguals, whereas NDW, TNW and D (with replacements, Dr) were predictive of PPVT results for bilinguals. Our results suggest that LD measures can be reliable measures of bilinguals’ vocabulary knowledge and can adequately reflect PPVT results in languages other than English.
Effects of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and bilingualism on verbal short-term memory
Authors: Meir Natalia
Published: October 2021

The current study assessed independent and combined effects of SLI and bilingualism on tasks tapping into verbal short-term memory (vSTM) with varying linguistic load in two languages (Russian and Hebrew). The study explored the extent to which the presence of SLI is related to limited vSTM storage and bilingualism is associated with reduced vocabulary size.

A total of 190 monolingual and bilingual children aged 5;5–6;8 participated in the current study: 108 sequential Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (18 with SLI), 48 Hebrew monolinguals (13 with SLI) and 34 Russian monolinguals (14 with SLI). Children performed three repetition tasks: forward-digit span (FWD), non-word repetition (NWR) and sentence repetition (SRep); bilingual children were tested in both of their languages.

Results indicated a negative effect of SLI on all experimental tasks tapping into vSTM. The effect of SLI rose as a function of increased linguistic load. Regarding bilingualism, no effect was found on the measure of vSTM with the lowest linguistic load (FWD), while its effect was robust once the linguistic load was increased (SRep). The results reported in this study bring evidence that lower performance on measures of vSTM in children with SLI and bilingual children stem from different sources. Although, children with SLI have limitations of vSTM, deficient vSTM cannot fully account for the linguistic difficulties observed in children with SLI. As for bilingualism, it does not affect verbal storage when the linguistic load is minimal, while poor performance in bilingual children on tasks with greater linguistic load is attributed to smaller vocabulary sizes.
Integration of chirping and apodization of Topas materials for improving the performance of fiber Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Saktioto T , Ramadhan K , Soerbakti Y , Irawan D , Okfalisa
Published: October 2021

The discovery of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is an early milestone in developing optical fiber technology, such as optical communication to monitoring material health structures as sensors. For optical communication, the FBG components are capable of filtering functions. As a sensor, it has a high sensitivity immune to electromagnetic wave interference, is small in size, and is resistant to extreme environmental conditions. The sensitivity of the FBG sensor is obtained from the shift in the peak wavelength of each of the temperature and strain quantities. However, the performance of the FBG sensor can be improved by engineering the distribution of the refractive index on the grid with the apodization and chirp functions. Apodization is a technique to improve the performance of the FBG to eliminate noise, narrow the full width half maximum, lower the side lobes of the main lobe, and improve the spectrum ripple factor. Apart from apodization, the chirp function also affects the sensor sensitivity and the refractive index distribution on the grid. Numerical experiments were carried out in designing the FBG component as a sensor using Gaussian apodization and Topas (cyclic olefin copolymer) for several chirp functions. The results show that the Gaussian apodization Topas for all chirp functions as a strain sensor has the same sensitivity, namely 0.84 pm/μstrain while for temperature sensors with the highest sensitivity is obtained at cubic root chirp of 13.82857 pm/°C followed by square root chirp of 13.74286 pm/°C, quadratic chirp 13.71429 pm/°C, and linear chirp 13.4 pm/°C. The Bragg wavelength shift was greater for 1 °C than for the 1 μstrain.
Antioxidant Extraction from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas l.) using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE)
Authors: Yasser M. , Badai M. , Thahir Ridhawati , Sukasri Arifah , Kurniawan
Published: October 2021

Ultrasound technology has been used in extracting the antioxidant reserves the Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas L.). Total Phenolic Content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and Antioxidant Activity was measured using the DPPH method. The extract was also characterized using FTIR. The best results were obtained with the Total Phenolic Content of 51.167 ± 0.2887 mg/g in GAE and value of IC50 of 26.7861 mg/L at the extraction temperature of 50° C. These results indicate that the purple sweet potato can be used as an immune system booster foods.
Software Engineering Development of Finite Element Method Programming Applications in 2D Frame Structures Using Python Programs
Authors: Nazaruddin N , Siallagan Richard
Published: October 2021

The application of the Finite Element Method as one of the numerical methods to solve various engineering problems is of course inseparable from the development of computers with various other related fields such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) which continuously becomes a concentration of interest in the engineering field. Element analysis has so far been in great demand by various industries due to its reliability and speed in terms of optimization in the world of design and analysis. There are many finite element software such as Abaqus, Nastran, Ansys, CosmosWork, LS-Dyna, Pro-Mecanica, SAP2000. However, the application is paid at a relatively high cost and has quite strict licensing rules, of course this is an obstacle for students at the University of Riau who want to use it. From these problems the author is interested in developing a programming application that can be an alternative to analyzing a structure. The solution that the author can propose is to develop an application using the python programming language to analyze a two-dimensional (2D) frame structure that is under load and is in an elastic condition. From the results of the research that has been carried out, the simulation results of the frame A model obtained data on the 2nd frame model of frame A, the horizontal displacement of -0.06098 m, the vertical displacement of -0.00002857 m, and the angular displacement of 0.00762 rad. These results are compared with manual solutions, analytical solutions, and previous research, it can be concluded that the results of calculations in the developed application show values that are close to that comparison, where the percentage error is not more than 3%, with the highest percentage difference of 2.5%.