bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychologists’ endorsement of empirically unsupported statements in psychology: Noch Einmal
Authors: Kagee Ashraf , Breet Elsie
Published: April 2015

In this study, 103 South African psychologists were asked to rate the extent to which they believed a set of empirically incorrect statements were true or untrue. Of the 50 statements, 14 (28%) received a moderate level of endorsement as being factually correct and 8 (16%) received a high level of endorsement as being factually correct. Significant differences in the percentages of items endorsed were found between master’s- and doctoral-level psychologists for five statements. Significant differences in the percentages of items endorsed between clinical and counselling psychologists were found for three statements. These findings are explained by noting that there is no consensus among psychologists about whether psychology is a strictly scientific discipline and whether it gives rise to scientific facts about human behaviour. Relatedly, it is possible that South African psychology curricula are not sufficiently focused on the empirical and scientific evidence that informs psychological knowledge. Also, psychology as taught in undergraduate programmes is characterised by a diversity of theory. Consequently, no consensus on theoretical understandings of human behaviour appears to be in sight. Finally, popular and folk understandings of psychology overlap to some extent with empirical psychology, but what makes intuitive sense may not be empirically accurate. Some suggestions are offered for the curricula psychology of departments at South African universities.
Spousal Caregiving and Financial Strain Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Lee Yeonjung , Zurlo Karen A.
Published: April 2015

We examine whether spousal caregivers face difficulties in meeting their basic household expenses compared to nonspousal caregivers and whether social support mechanisms ameliorate any financial strain from caregiving responsibilities. We use data for caregivers aged 45 and over drawn from a nationally representative, cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey—Healthy Aging ( N = 5,067). Spousal caregiving is associated with a 35% increase in the likelihood of experiencing difficulties in meeting basic expenses compared to other types of caregiving. Each of social support mechanisms (affectionate, emotional/informational, and positive social interaction), singularly and combined, lessens financial strain from caregiving. Our findings suggest that spousal caregivers are particularly vulnerable because they have fewer resources to draw on for support and perform much more intensive care. Our results highlight the importance of developing appropriate policies and programs to support caregivers.
Lydia Maria Child and the Urbanity of Religious Cosmopolitanism in Antebellum New York City
Authors: Logan Dana Wiggins
Published: April 2015

Lydia Maria Child’s writing on the religious experience of urban life challenges scholarship that only considers the anti-urbanism of antebellum Protestantism. Child’s Letters from New-York considered the possibility of the city as the basis for her own religious experiences and as the frame for encountering other religions. Through the new perspectives offered by the city, Child developed an urban-centric ideal of religious cosmopolitanism.
Hmong American Young Adults’ Reflections on Their Immigrant Parents
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Meschke Laurie L.
Published: April 2015

To better understand emerging adults’ perceptions of family interactions and value transmission to the next generation, we examined Hmong American emerging adults’ reflections on their parents’ parenting. Participants discussed what parenting practices they would do differently and others they hoped to emulate with their future adolescent children. Thirty Hmong American emerging adults (18-25 years; M = 21.2 years; 50% female) participated in interviews that focused retrospectively on the parent–adolescent relationship. Results revealed that emerging adults wanted to parent differently in three ways: less pressure about education, fewer restrictions, and more open communication. Emerging adults imagined being a similar parent in four ways: promoting education, promoting life values, giving guidance, and offering love and support. The findings highlight parenting practices that Hmong American emerging adults plan on transmitting (and not transmitting) to their own children, offering a glimpse into the type of parents the emerging adults may become.
Mother, Father, and Grandparent Involvement
Authors: Profe Wade , Wild Lauren G.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to examine whether mother, father, and closest grandparent involvement are associated with South African adolescents’ mental health (internalizing and externalizing problems and prosocial behavior) and substance use. A sample of 512 Grade 8 and Grade 9 learners in Cape Town ( M age = 14 years) completed a structured survey. Of the participants, 57% were female, and 85% identified themselves as “colored” (mixed race). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, indicated that mother and father involvement were negatively associated with adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas mother and closest grandparent involvement were positively associated with prosocial behavior. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that parent involvement was negatively associated with past-month cigarette use, but not with past-month alcohol or past-year marijuana use. The findings suggest the importance of considering parents and grandparents in interventions to promote adolescent mental health.
Preoperative Serum Thyrotropin to Thyroglobulin Ratio Is Effective for Thyroid Nodule Evaluation in Euthyroid Patients
Authors: Wang Lina , Li Hao , Yang Zhongyuan , Guo Zhuming , Zhang Quan
Published: April 2015

Objective

This study was designed to assess the efficiency of the serum thyrotropin to thyroglobulin ratio for thyroid nodule evaluation in euthyroid patients.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China.

Subjects and Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed for 400 previously untreated cases presenting with thyroid nodules. Thyroid function was tested with commercially available radioimmunoassays. The receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine cutoff values. The efficacy of the thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio and thyroid‐stimulating hormone for thyroid nodule evaluation was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and odds ratio.

Results

In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.746 for the thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio and 0.659 for thyroid‐stimulating hormone. With a cutoff point value of 24.97 IU/g for the thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 78.9%, 60.8%, 75.5%, 2.01, and 0.35, respectively. The odds ratio for the thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio indicating malignancy was 5.80. With a cutoff point value of 1.525 µIU/mL for thyroid‐stimulating hormone, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 74.0%, 53.2%, 70.8%, 1.58, and 0.49, respectively. The odds ratio indicating malignancy for thyroid‐stimulating hormone was 3.23.

Conclusion

Increasing preoperative serum thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio is a risk factor for thyroid carcinoma, and the correlation of the thyrotropin:thyroglobulin ratio to malignancy is higher than that for serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone.
Anterior Septal Reconstruction for Treatment of Severe Caudal Septal Deviation
Authors: Surowitz Josh , Lee Matthew K. , Most Sam P.
Published: April 2015

Objective

To report the long‐term efficacy of a modified extracorporeal septoplasty technique in the treatment of anterocaudal septal deviations.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic tertiary care medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Data were obtained by a retrospective review of patients treated by a single surgeon (S.P.M.) from December 2010 to April 2014. A total of 77 patients (52 male, 25 female) met inclusion criteria. The Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) scale and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to all patients preoperatively and at each postoperative visit. Statistical analysis was performed using a matched‐pair t test comparing preoperative and postoperative NOSE and VAS scores. A recently described severity scale for nasal obstruction was applied to NOSE scores to demonstrate postoperative results.

Results

Average follow‐up was 4.7 months. Average preoperative NOSE and VAS scores were 68.2 ± 17.4 and 7.2 ± 1.8, respectively, placing these patients in the “severe” symptoms classification. Average NOSE and VAS scores in the early postoperative period (1‐3 months after surgery) were 21.1 ± 19.8 (P <. 0001) and 2.1 ± 2.6 (P <. 0001), respectively. Average NOSE and VAS scores in the late postoperative period (>3 months after surgery) were 15.8 ± 19.0 (P <. 0001) and 1.4 ± 1.8 (P <. 0001), respectively. Both early and late postoperative NOSE scores represented “mild” symptomatology.

Conclusions

Anterior septal reconstruction represents a powerful method for correction of nasal valve stenosis resulting from severe anterocaudal septal deviations.
Teaching fluid dynamics with the ball-in-tube device
Authors: Hillard J , Branch K , Butterfield A
Published: April 2015

Engineering courses strive to equip students with the ability to tackle real-world problems. Often, a few simple experiments are used to illustrate the theoretical principles behind undergraduate-level fluid dynamics. In this work, we demonstrate the use of the traditional “ball-in-tube” control experiment as a teaching module to introduce fluid dynamics. By simply adding an inexpensive pressure transducer, students can use this module to discover and develop their skills by working with concepts such as drag force, pressure drop, and wall effects. This work illustrates a teaching module that is amenable to an introductory fluid dynamics course, and which may be revisited in process control courses.
EFESTS: Educational finite element software for truss structure. Part I: Preprocess
Authors: Zuo Wenjie , Bai Jiantao , Cheng Fei
Published: April 2015

An educational finite element software for truss structure is presented to assist the education of the finite element method and enhance the computer application in engineering education. The bar element, as a representative finite element, is introduced to cover all the finite element theories: statics, dynamics, linear analysis, nonlinear analysis, implicit analysis, explicit analysis, structural sensitivity analysis, structural optimization and so on. In the part I of this series, the finite element preprocess is developed in this paper. The object-oriented programming is adopted to create the software framework. To render the truss structure, we develop the graphic engine using Microsoft's graphic device interface. Friendly graphical user interfaces are designed to conveniently build up the finite element model of truss structure. In addition, lattice truss in a regular periodic pattern is automatically copied in bulk, which accelerates the preprocess for large-scaled truss structure. Finally, this software is free for educational research and can be downloaded from the website: http://www.zuowenjie.net/efests.html
EFESTS: Educational finite element software for truss structure. Part II: Linear static analysis
Authors: Zuo Wenjie , Li Xiang , Guo Guikai
Published: April 2015

This article presents a complete guide from the linear static finite element theory to the software development of the educational finite element software for truss structure (EFESTS). First, linear static formulations of truss structure are summarized, including the element formulation, element assembly and solution. Object-oriented programming is introduced to design the software architecture. Furthermore, the relations between the classes and their instances are clearly described using the static class diagram and the dynamic sequence diagram, respectively. Finally, the linear static solver is intuitively verified by the deformable configuration and stress contour of a 50-bar truss structure. More importantly, a visualization of graphical user interfaces is developed to dynamically assemble the element matrix into the truss matrix, which used to be one of the most difficult skills for students to master. Finally, this software is free for educational research and can be downloaded from the website: http://www.zuowenjie.net/efests.html . In the future, we will develop the geometric nonlinear static analysis solver for the truss structure.
Using drawings of pain-related images to understand the experience of chronic pain: A qualitative study
Authors: Phillips Joanna , Ogden Jane , Copland Claire
Published: April 2015

Introduction

This study aimed to use drawing as a means to explore the content of pain-related images in a sample of people with chronic pain.

Method

Adults ( n = 90) attending three United Kingdom National Health Service pain clinics were asked to bring to mind and draw an image of their pain. Drawings were analysed using critical visual analysis methodology.

Results

Fifty-four participants drew a picture of their pain. Drawings were vivid, emotionally charged and included catastrophic interpretations of pain. Image content was described using three main themes: pain as an attacker, the nature of pain (pain sensations, timeline, pain location) and the impact of pain (pain as a barrier, being trapped by pain and the future with pain). Drawings reflected different perspectives taken in the image, with images of the person themselves in pain (as if seen through the eyes of an observer) evoking a sense of helplessness and isolation.

Conclusion

Pain-related images can provide a valuable insight into people’s pain worlds, with images reflecting pain cognitions and barriers to recovery. Clinicians may find drawing a helpful tool in the assessment and management of chronic pain, enabling a visual and shareable language for pain.
Association of Filial Responsibility, Ethnicity, and Acculturation Among Japanese American Family Caregivers of Older Adults
Authors: Miyawaki Christina E.
Published: April 2015

Challenges of filial caregiving practices by 1st-generation immigrants due to differences in caregiving values between their home and host countries are well documented. This study explored the filial responsibility of later generation Japanese American caregivers of older adults. Acculturation and filial responsibility were measured using the Suinn-Lew Asian Self Identity Acculturation scale and Filial Values Index, respectively. A qualitative interview guide was developed using Gordon’s assimilation theory, and 21 caregivers ( M age = 68 years, 86% female, seven in each generation) were interviewed. Despite the 3rd-generation caregivers’ high acculturation level, their filial responsibility scores remained high. Qualitative interviews also revealed later generation caregivers’ strong filial responsibility and continued caregiving involvement. Unexpectedly, caregivers’ own future expectancy of care included placement in mainstream residential facilities rather than ethnic-specific settings. Findings point to the need to develop caregiver services that consider later generation caregivers’ culture and level of assimilation.
Homicides by older offenders in New South Wales between 1993 and 2010
Authors: Reutens Sharon , Nielssen Olav , Large Matthew
Published: April 2015

Objective:

Homicides by older people are rare and might differ from those committed by younger people. To investigate the characteristics of older homicide offenders in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods:

A systematic search of legal, criminological and media databases for cases of homicide committed by people in NSW aged 55 and over, during the 18 years from 1993 to 2010.

Results:

Eighty-seven cases were identified through databases. Legal documents were obtained for 70 offenders, comprising about 5% of homicides committed in NSW in the period of the study. The proportions of male offenders and rates of firearm use were similar to other age groups. Twelve of the 14 homicides using guns occurred outside the metropolitan area. Older offenders were more likely to have cognitive impairment or psychotic illness. Victims were more likely to be female and in a domestic relationship with the offender.

Conclusions:

Homicide by an older person is rare, and more commonly involves a man killing a family member. Correctional facilities will increasingly have to consider the needs of older people serving long sentences.
The Center for Response to Intervention in Early Childhood
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Carta Judith J. , Goldstein Howard , Kaminski Ruth A. , McConnell Scott R. , Atwater Jane
Published: April 2015

The prevalence of struggling readers by third grade nationwide is estimated at one in three. Reports trace the roots of this problem to early childhood and the opportunity to learn language and early literacy skills at home and in preschool. Reports also indicate that one-size-fits-all preschool language and literacy instruction is beneficial for only some children. The Center for Response to Intervention in Early Childhood (CRTIEC) was funded by the National Center for Special Education Research at the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) to conceptualize and develop evidence-based assessment and curricular tools that early education programs could include in their plans for teaching language and literacy skills using a multi-tier system of supports (MTSS) or response to intervention (RTI) approach. CRTIEC also was directed to provide leadership in disseminating information about progress in applying MTSS approaches to instruction in early childhood. The articles in this issue summarize the work of the Center through descriptions of the process of developing and validating tools needed for an MTSS approach and summaries of the research completed by the Center.
Effect of Obesity on Outcome of Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Lee Merrill Jian Hui , Rikhraj Kiran , Parmar Simran , Chong Hwei Chi , Yew Andy Khye Soon , Koo Kevin Oon Thien , Singh Rikhraj Inderjeet
Published: April 2015

Background:

Obesity is a global epidemic, but its effect on foot and ankle surgeries is not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on functional outcome scores, incidence of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI), and repeat surgery after hallux valgus (HV) corrective surgery.

Methods:

Between January 2007 and December 2011, 452 patients who underwent HV corrective surgery at a tertiary hospital were evaluated. They were categorized into 2 groups based on their body mass index (BMI): (1) BMI less than 30 kg/m2 (control); (2) BMI 30 kg/m2 or more (obese). The patients were prospectively followed for 2 years.

Results:

Patients in the obese group were significantly older by 4 years (95% CI, 1-7 years) ( P = .043). The preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) Scale and Physical Component Score were 6 points (95% CI, 1-11 points) and 3 points (95% CI, 1-6 points) poorer, respectively, in the obese group ( P = .014 and P = .032, respectively). However, the Visual Analog Scale, AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP Scale, Physical Component Score, and Mental Component Score were comparable between the 2 groups at 6 months and 2 years of follow-up (all P > .05). Eleven patients (3%) in the control group and 1 patient in the obese group (2%) developed postoperative SSI ( P = .777). Nine patients (2%) in the control group and 7 patients in the obese group (14%) required repeat surgery for complications ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The authors conclude that while it is important to warn obese patients of the significantly higher risk of repeat surgery, these patients should not be excluded from undergoing HV surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Nonlinear dynamics of a functionally graded piezoelectric micro-resonator in the vicinity of the primary resonance
Authors: Chorsi Meysam T , Azizi Saber , Bakhtiari-Nejad Firooz
Published: April 2015

This research is on the nonlinear dynamics of a two-sided electrostatically actuated capacitive micro-beam. The micro-resonator is composed of silicon and PZT as a piezoelectric material. PZT is functionally distributed along the height of the micro-beam according to the power law distribution. The micro-resonator is simultaneously subjected to DC piezoelectric and two-sided electrostatic actuations. The DC piezoelectric actuation leads to the generation of an axial force along the length of the micro-beam and this is used as a tuning tool to shift the primary resonance of the micro-resonator. The governing equation of the motion is derived by the minimization of the Hamiltonian and generalized to the viscously damped systems. The periodic solutions in the vicinity of the primary resonance are detected by means of the shooting method and their stability is investigated by determining the so-called Floquet exponents of the perturbed motions. The basins of attraction corresponding to three individual periodic orbits are determined. The results depict that the higher the amplitude of the periodic orbit, the smaller is the area of the attractor.
Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Nicotine Patch Administration Among Nonsmokers Based on Acute and Chronic Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo , Kodet Jonathan , Robertson Heather
Published: April 2015

Introduction:

Despite the large amount that is known about the physical health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, little is known about the behavioral health effects. Nicotine, the principle psychoactive substance in SHS, elicits subjective mood and physiological responses in nonsmokers. However, no studies have examined the subjective mood or physiological responses to nicotine in nonsmokers while accounting for prior chronic or acute SHS exposure.

Methods:

A 7-mg nicotine patch was administered to 17 adult nonsmokers for 2 hr. Main outcome measures obtained at ½ hr, 1 hr, and 2 hr were subjective behavioral drug effects (based on eleven 10-cm Visual Analog Scales [VASs]) and the physiological measures of heart rate, blood pressure, and serum nicotine levels. Analysis of outcome data was based on participants’ chronic (using hair nicotine) or acute (using saliva cotinine) SHS exposure.

Results:

Greater chronic SHS exposure was negatively associated with pleasurable responses to nicotine administration (“drug feels good” score at 2-hr time point, Spearman’s ρ = −.65, p < .004), whereas greater acute SHS exposure was associated with positive responses (“like feeling of drug” score at 2-hr time point, Spearman’s ρ = .63, p < .01). There were no associations between chronic or acute exposure and physiological changes in response to nicotine administration.

Discussion:

The findings of this study may be useful in providing preliminary empirical data for future explorations of the mechanism whereby SHS exposure can influence behavioral outcomes in nonsmokers. Such studies can inform future interventions to reduce the physical and behavioral health risks associated with SHS exposure.
Malignant Down
Authors: Dalcin Daniel , Manser Courtney , Mahler Ronald
Published: April 2015

Background:

Skin changes often signal systemic disease. Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita (HLA) is a well-recognized symptom of internal malignancy defined as the adult onset of colourless, fine, lanugo-type hairs. To our knowledge, only 5 cases of HLA associated with endometrial malignancy have been reported in the literature.

Objective:

The objective of this report is to describe the clinical presentation of a patient with HLA associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

We report a patient presenting with atypical lanugo and weight loss who was diagnosed with HLA associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma. We summarize and critically review the 5 other known cases of endometrial malignancy associated with HLA reported in the literature.

Results:

The ectopic adult development of lanugo hair led to the diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was made following computed tomography imaging and was confirmed by biopsy.

Conclusion:

Continued vigilance and reporting of HLA will increase identification and understanding of this rare paraneoplastic condition. Family physicians should be aware of HLA.
Avoiding the “brick wall of awkward”: Perspectives of youth with autism spectrum disorder on social-focused intervention practices
Authors: Bottema-Beutel Kristen , Mullins Teagan S , Harvey Michelle N , Gustafson Jenny R , Carter Erik W
Published: April 2015

Many youth with autism spectrum disorder participate in school-based, peer-mediated intervention programs designed to improve their social experiences. However, there is little research discerning how these youth view intervention practices currently represented in the literature, information which could improve the social validity of intervention programming. In this mixed-methods study, we interviewed 33 youth with autism spectrum disorder about seven social-focused, peer-mediated intervention components. We asked participants to rate the favorability of each component to determine their degree of liking. Subsequently, we asked participants to give a rationale for their rating, in order to explore influencing factors. Chi-square tests indicated that high ratings were most prevalent for recruiting peers and family involvement and medium ratings were most prevalent for meeting with peers. Analyses of variance also indicated that preferences in the specific format intervention components were delivered. Several themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of open-ended responses, including the ramifications of adults in adolescent social life, the advantages of learning through shared activities with peers, and the effects of disclosing disability status. Our findings will offer guidance for researchers and practitioners interested in individualizing interventions to reflect student preferences. Furthermore, we document areas of concern for youth with autism spectrum disorder as they access school-based interventions.
‘Not everyone’s gonna like me’: Accounting for race and racism in sex and dating web services for gay and bisexual men
Authors: Callander Denton , Holt Martin , Newman Christy E.
Published: April 2015

Sexual racism can be thought of as a specific form of racial prejudice enacted in the context of sex and dating. It is a contentious issue among gay and bisexual men looking for partners online. This study draws upon 14 in-depth interviews conducted between August and October 2012 with gay and bisexual men of colour in Australia. Data were thematically analysed to identify interpretations and experiences of, and reactions to sexual racism online. Understandings of online sexual racism were diverse, ranging from clear ideas about racist and non-racist practices to more ambiguous and contextual interpretations. Nevertheless, all participants described experiences of sexual racism while seeking partners online, which were, in some cases, largely indistinguishable from generic forms of racism. Most described experiences of subtle racism, but there were also cases of blatant and aggressive racial prejudice. Finally, men reacted in a range of ways when confronted with online sexual racism, with strategies ranging from disconnection to adaptation through to confrontation. Our findings highlight that sexual racism – as an expression of racism generally – is an ongoing issue for men who seek out other men online, and that men engage in a range of strategies for mitigating the negative effects of racial prejudice in this domain.
Dementia grief: A theoretical model of a unique grief experience
Authors: Blandin Kesstan , Pepin Renee
Published: April 2015

Previous literature reveals a high prevalence of grief in dementia caregivers before physical death of the person with dementia that is associated with stress, burden, and depression. To date, theoretical models and therapeutic interventions with grief in caregivers have not adequately considered the grief process, but instead have focused on grief as a symptom that manifests within the process of caregiving. The Dementia Grief Model explicates the unique process of pre-death grief in dementia caregivers. In this paper we introduce the Dementia Grief Model, describe the unique characteristics of dementia grief, and present the psychological states associated with the process of dementia grief. The model explicates an iterative grief process involving three states— separation, liminality, and re-emergence—each with a dynamic mechanism that facilitates or hinders movement through the dementia grief process. Finally, we offer potential applied research questions informed by the model.
Does Stableford Scoring Incentivize More Aggressive Golf?
Authors: Garcia Jose M. , Stephenson E. Frank
Published: April 2015

A few PGA Tour events have been played using modified Stableford scoring, a format in which the gain to playing a hole below par is greater than the cost of an above-par score on a hole. This article examines whether the asymmetric gains and losses of modified Stableford scoring are associated with more aggressive play. Although the results indicate that modified Stableford scoring is associated with longer tee shots and an increased likelihood of tee shots missing the fairway, modified Stableford scoring is unrelated to golfers’ likelihood of going for the green on par-five holes, the likelihood of first putts being made, the likelihood of first putts being hit beyond the cup, and the distribution of scores relative to par. Hence, there is, at best, weak evidence that modified Stableford scoring is associated with more aggressive play.
Student Perceptions of the Classroom Environment
Authors: Nelson Peter M. , Ysseldyke James E. , Christ Theodore J.
Published: April 2015

The impact and feasibility of using student perceptions of the classroom teaching environment as an instructional feedback tool were explored. Thirty-one teachers serving 797 middle school students collected data twice across 3 weeks using the Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching (REACT). Researchers randomly assigned half of the teachers to receive student feedback following the first data collection. Student responses in the classrooms of teachers who received feedback were more positive in the second round of data collection compared with the teachers who did not receive feedback. Students’ initial REACT scores, gender, and self-reported trouble in class were also significant predictors of REACT scores at the second data collection. Finally, teachers reported the REACT to be feasible for use in practice.
Cybersecurity for Connected Diabetes Devices
Authors: Klonoff David C.
Published: April 2015

Diabetes devices are increasingly connected wirelessly to each other and to data-displaying reader devices. Threats to the accurate flow of information and commands may compromise the function of these devices and put their users at risk of health complications. Sound cybersecurity of connected diabetes devices is necessary to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data and commands. Diabetes devices can be hacked by unauthorized agents and also by patients themselves to extract data that are not automatically provided by product software. Unauthorized access to connected diabetes devices has been simulated and could happen in reality. A cybersecurity standard designed specifically for connected diabetes devices will improve the safety of these products and increase confidence of users that the products will be secure.
Inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BET) as a potential therapeutic approach in haematological malignancies: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence
Authors: Chaidos Aristeidis , Caputo Valentina , Karadimitris Anastasios
Published: April 2015

Post-translational modifications of the nucleosomal histone proteins orchestrate chromatin organization and gene expression in normal and cancer cells. Among them, the acetylation of N-terminal histone tails represents the fundamental epigenetic mark of open structure chromatin and active gene transcription. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers which utilize tandem bromodomains (BRD) modules to recognize and dock themselves on the acetylated lysine tails. The BET proteins act as scaffolds for the recruitment of transcription factors and chromatin organizers required in transcription initiation and elongation. The recent discovery of small molecules capable of blocking their lysine-binding pocket is the first paradigm of successful pharmacological inhibition of epigenetic readers. JQ1 is a prototype benzodiazepine molecule and a specific BET inhibitor with antineoplastic activity both in solid tumours and haematological malignancies. The quinolone I-BET151 and the suitable for clinical development I-BET762 benzodiazepine were introduced in parallel with JQ1 and have also shown potent antitumour activity in preclinical studies. I-BET762 is currently being tested in early phase clinical trials, along with a rapidly growing list of other BET inhibitors. Unlike older epigenetic therapies, the study of BET inhibitors has offered substantial, context-specific, mechanistic insights of their antitumour activity, which will facilitate optimal therapeutic targeting in future. Here, we review the development of this novel class of epigenetic drugs, the biology of BET protein inhibition, the emerging evidence from preclinical work and early phase clinical studies and we discuss their potential role in the treatment of haematological malignancies.
Internationalization and the Changing Paradigm of Higher Education in the GCC Countries
Authors: Vardhan Julie
Published: April 2015

The present study has been undertaken to examine the growth trajectory of the higher education (HE) sector across all the countries in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) region, the transition toward internationalization, quality initiatives undertaken, and movement toward regional integration. The study aims to provide a review for the shifting paradigm through concepts of internationalization in the literature review and to probe on the themes facing the GCC in their adaptation to internationalization. The study is based on secondary data, mainly of the websites of 167 universities/higher education institutions (HEIs) of GCC, which were analyzed for their adaptation to internationalization. The results show the various perspectives of internationalization with the suggestion on regional integration. It is hoped the study would provide the HEIs and the policy makers with a strong foundation on their internationalization efforts.
A Predictive Model for Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, Alcohol Drinking, and Risky Driving Among Albanian Youth
Authors: Melonashi Erika , Shkembi Fleura
Published: April 2015

Studies report an increasing prevalence of health risk behaviors among Albanian adolescents and young adults. The Problem-Behavior Theory provides a useful framework for explaining both health-compromising and health-enhancing behaviors by considering several personal and environmental factors. The present study used a model with seven independent variables including age, gender, attitudes, locus of control, risk behavior tendency, stress, and parent/peer models of health behavior to predict two health-compromising behaviors (alcohol drinking and risky driving) and two health-enhancing behaviors (physical activity, healthy eating) in a sample of 347 Albanian young adults (157 men and 190 women, Mage = 20.42, SD = 1.48). The measuring instrument was based on the Health Behavior Questionnaire developed by Jessor, Donovan, and Costa. Results showed that the model explained 26.1% of the variance in risky driving behavior, and the significant predictors included, risk behavior tendency, gender, and attitude toward health. These same three variables also significantly predicted drinking behavior, explaining 16.8% of the variance. Also the model explained 14.2% of the variance in healthy eating behavior and the significant predictors included, models of significant others, gender, locus of control, attitude toward health, and age. Finally, the only two significant predictors for physical activity were risky behavior tendency and perceived stress, which accounted for 13.2% of the variance. Findings are discussed in the context of suggestions for future research and practical implications for policy making.
Combinatorial synthesis of Cr1 − xAlxN and Ta1 − xAlxN coatings using industrial scale co-sputtering
Authors: Schalk N. , Weirather T. , Sabitzer C. , Hirn S. , Terziyska V. L. , Gangopadhyay S. , Czettl C. , Polcik P. , Kathrein M. , Mitterer C.
Published: April 2015

For a comprehensive understanding of the scientific relations between composition, microstructure and properties of hard coatings usually a multitude of deposition runs is necessary. Within the present work, a combinatorial deposition approach using triangular shaped segmented sputter targets was adapted for an industrial scale sputter system. Owing to the position of the substrates relative to the target segments, a wide range of compositions can be achieved within a single deposition run. To verify this concept, Cr1 − xAlxN reference coatings and Ta1 − xAlxN coatings, each with a base layer of TiAlN (i.e. a bilayer configuration), were synthesised. The effect of the varying chemical compositions on the structure and mechanical as well as tribological properties was investigated. This approach enables to efficiently identify promising coating compositions.
Clinical relevance of right ventricular diastolic stiffness in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Trip Pia , Rain Silvia , Handoko M. Louis , van der Bruggen Cathelijne , Bogaard Harm J. , Marcus J. Tim , Boonstra Anco , Westerhof Nico , Vonk-Noordegraaf Anton , de Man Frances S.
Published: April 2015

Right ventricular (RV) diastolic stiffness is increased in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. We investigated whether RV diastolic stiffness is associated with clinical progression and assessed the contribution of RV wall thickness to RV systolic and diastolic stiffness.

Using single-beat pressure–volume analyses, we determined RV end-systolic elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea), RV­–arterial coupling (Ees/Ea), and RV end-diastolic elastance (stiffness,Eed) in controls (n=15), baseline PAH patients (n=63) and treated PAH patients (survival >5 years n=22 and survival <5 years n=23).

We observed an association betweenEedand clinical progression, with baselineEed>0.53 mmHg·mL-1associated with worse prognosis (age-corrected hazard ratio 0.27, p=0.02). In treated patients,Eedwas higher in patients with survival <5 years than in patients with survival >5 years (0.91±0.50versus0.53±0.33 mmHg·mL-1, p<0.01). Wall-thickness-correctedEedvalues in PAH patients with survival >5 years were not different from control values (0.76±0.47versus0.60±0.41 mmHg·mL-1, respectively, not significant), whereas in patients with survival <5 years, values were significantly higher (1.52±0.91 mmHg·mL-1, p<0.05versuscontrols).

RV diastolic stiffness is related to clinical progression in both baseline and treated PAH patients. RV diastolic stiffness is explained by the increased wall thickness in patients with >5 years survival, but not in those surviving <5 years. This suggests that intrinsic myocardial changes play a distinctive role in explaining RV diastolic stiffness at different stages of PAH.
The effects of acupuncture treatment on the right frontoparietal network in migraine without aura patients
Authors: Li Kuangshi , Zhang Yong , Ning Yanzhe , Zhang Hua , Liu Hongwei , Fu Caihong , Ren Yi , Zou Yihuai
Published: April 2015

Background

Functional and structural abnormalities in resting-state brain networks in migraine patients have been confirmed by previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, few studies focusing on the neural responses of therapeutic treatment on migraine have been conducted. In this study, we tried to examined the treatment-related effects of standard acupuncture treatment on the right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in migraine patients.

Methods

A total of 12 migraine without aura (MWoA) patients were recruited to undergo resting-state fMRI scanning and were rescanned after 4 weeks standard acupuncture treatment. Another 12 matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent once scanning for comparison. We analyzed the functional connectivity of the RFPN between MWoA patients and HC subjects before treatment and that of the MWoA patients before and after treatment. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) data analyzing was also performed to detect fiber-related treatment responses.

Results

We observed significantly decreased FC in the RFPN and that the decreased FC could be reversed by acupuncture treatment. The changes of FC in MWoA patients was negatively correlated with the decrease of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores after treatment. This study indicated that acupuncture treatment for MWoA patients was associated with normalizing effects on the intrinsic decreased FC of the RFPN.

Conclusions

Our study provided new insights into the treatment-related neural responses in MWoA patients and suggested potential functional pathways for the evaluation of treatment in MWoA patients. Future studies are still in need to confirm the current results and to elucidate the complex neural mechanisms of acupuncture treatment.
Analysis of oxygen vacancy in Co-doped ZnO using the electron density distribution obtained using MEM
Authors: Park Ji Hun , Lee Yeong Ju , Bae Jong-Seong , Kim Bum-Su , Cho Yong Chan , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Lee Seunghun , Jeong Se-Young
Published: April 2015

Oxygen vacancy (VO) strongly affects the properties of oxides. In this study, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study changes in the VO concentration as a function of the Co-doping level of ZnO. Rietveld refinement yielded a different result from that determined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), but additional maximum entropy method (MEM) analysis led it to compensate for the difference. VO tended to gradually decrease with increased Co doping, and ferromagnetic behavior was not observed regardless of the Co-doping concentration. MEM analysis demonstrated that reliable information related to the defects in the ZnO-based system can be obtained using X-ray diffraction alone.
Assessment of changes in quality of life among patients in the SAVE Study - Sirolimus as therapeutic Approach to uVEitis: a randomized study to assess the safety and bioactivity of intravitreal and subconjunctival injections of sirolimus in patients with non-infectious uveitis
Authors: Vigil Erin M , Sepah Yasir Jamal , Watters Anthony L , Sadiq Mohammad A , Ansari Mehreen , Bittencourt Millena G , Ibrahim Mohamed A , Do Diana V , Nguyen Quan Dong
Published: April 2015

Background

The National Eye Institute 39-Question Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-39) is an indicator of vision-related quality of life (QoL). The NEI VFQ-39 is used to assess the QoL in patients with non-infectious posterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, or panuveitis, treated with subconjunctival (SCJ) or intravitreal (IVT) sirolimus as an immunomodulatory therapeutic (IMT) agent, delivered subconjunctivally (SCJ) or intravitreally (IVT) (the SAVE Study). Thirty subjects with non-infectious uveitis were randomized (SCJ:IVT, 1:1) for a prospective clinical trial. The 39-Question Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-39) was administered at baseline (BL), month 6 (M6), and month 12 (M12) visits. The survey measures self-reported vision health status for patients with chronic eye disease and assesses the effects of visual impairment on both task-oriented visual function and general health domains. In accordance to the NEI-VFQ Manual, each patient’s questionnaire was converted to a scaled score between 0 (worst) and 100 (best), and median scores were calculated for each of the subcategories and overall composite score at BL, M6, and M12. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed.

Results

Twenty-six patients completed the VFQ-39 at BL and M6, whereas 23 patients completed it at M12. Patients showed a significant improvement in pooled composite scores from BL to M6 and BL to M12. Analysis by treatment groups showed that intravitreal injection of sirolimus is better tolerated.

Conclusions

Sirolimus has demonstrated bioactivity as an IMT and corticosteroid-sparing agent to treat non-infectious uveitis. Patients receiving intravitreal injection of sirolimus showed overall improvement of vision-related health while those receiving subconjunctival injections did not. Larger randomized control trials with sirolimus are indicated to validate these results.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00908466
How do Australian podiatrists manage patients with diabetes? The Australian diabetic foot management survey
Authors: Quinton Thomas R , Lazzarini Peter A , Boyle Frances M , Russell Anthony W , Armstrong David G
Published: April 2015

Background

Diabetic foot complications are the leading cause of lower extremity amputation and diabetes‐related hospitalisation in Australia. Studies demonstrate significant reductions in amputations and hospitalisation when health professionals implement best practice management. Whilst other nations have surveyed health professionals on specific diabetic foot management, to the best of the authors' knowledge this appears not to have occurred in Australia. The primary aim of this study was to examine Australian podiatrists' diabetic foot management compared with best practice recommendations by the Australian National Health Medical Research Council.

Methods

A 36‐item Australian Diabetic Foot Management survey, employing seven‐point Likert scales (0 = Never; 7 = Always) to measure multiple aspects of best practice diabetic foot management was developed. The survey was briefly tested for face and content validity. The survey was electronically distributed to Australian podiatrists via professional associations. Demographics including sex, years treating patients with diabetes, employment‐sector and patient numbers were also collected. Chi‐squared and Mann Whitney U tests were used to test differences between sub‐groups.

Results

Three hundred and eleven podiatrists responded; 222 (71%) were female, 158 (51%) from the public sector and 11–15 years median experience. Participants reported treating a median of 21–30 diabetes patients each week, including 1–5 with foot ulcers. Overall, participants registered median scores of at least “very often” (>6) in their use of most items covering best practice diabetic foot management. Notable exceptions were: “never” (1 (1 – 3)) using total contact casting, “sometimes” (4 (2 – 5)) performing an ankle brachial index, “sometimes” (4 (1 – 6)) using University of Texas Wound Classification System, and “sometimes” (4 (3 – 6) referring to specialist multi‐disciplinary foot teams. Public sector podiatrists reported higher use or access on all those items compared to private sector podiatrists (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study provides the first baseline information on Australian podiatrists' adherence to best practice diabetic foot guidelines. It appears podiatrists manage large caseloads of people with diabetes and are generally implementing best practice guidelines recommendations with some notable exceptions. Further studies are required to identify barriers to implementing these recommendations to ensure all Australians with diabetes have access to best practice care to prevent amputations.