bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kebijakan Refocusing Anggaran Belanja Daerah dalam Penanganan Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Sukarna Kadi , Arifin Zainal , Soegianto Soegianto
Published: September 2020

Melalui pendekatan kajian normatif, ditemukan bahwa pemerintah daerah mendalilkan kebijakan Refocusing anggaran berdasarkan pada ketentuan dalam Instruksi Presiden tentang Refocusing Kegiatan, Realokasi Anggaran, serta Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan COVID-19. Pengaturan demikian tentunya tidaklah terlalu kuat malah akan berpotensi menjadi celah terjadinya mensrea (niat jahat) bagi pelaksana kebijakan pemerintahan utamanya baik pengguna anggaran/kuasa pengguna anggaran. Hal yang seharusnya diatur dalam kebijakan penganggaran terkait kebijakan Refocusing anggaran adalah melalui diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang yang menjadi dasar pengganti dalam Undang-Undang tentang Pemerintah Daerah yang selama ini merupakan dasar legalitas proses kebijakan keuangan daerah di samping juga peraturan lain.
Post-Mining Reclamation as An Environmental Policy: A Gold Mining Case Study
Authors: Thalib Prawitra , Kurniawan Faizal , Aliansa Wahyu , Maulani Atiqoh Farhah
Published: September 2020

Gold mining in south-east Sulawesi Bombana is one of the potential natural resources in Indonesia. But nowadays the condition is due to lack of responsibility of the mining business to conduct post-mining reclamation in Bombana area, even though the mining activity has been carrying out mining business license. Post-mining activities are very important and must be done by the mining company, because it can minimize the destruction of natural environment in the mining site. The purpose of this research is to find out the mining conditions in the Bombana area as well as arrangements related to post-mine reclamation in the Bombana area. This study was written using the normative from data obtained by library research. Then related to the implementation of post-mining reclamation in Bombana is currently not carried out maximally, it is due to the uncertainty of regulations related to the post-mine reclamation obligations and the sanctioned rules that will be applied in the future still depend on local government regulations but the implementation is still not able to work effectively. So the steps that need to be taken in this case to avoid damage to the environment surrounding the mining site is necessary cooperation between the Government, the mining business actors and the community using soil conservation technology such as post-mining reclamation, which is regulated in a clear, transparent, accountable legislation.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL PRESPEKTIF ULU AL-ALBAB
Authors: Tharaba M. Fahim
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe form and practice of multicultural education management based on Ulu al-Albab perspective at State Islamic University (UIN) of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This study uses a qualitative approach with a bibliographic resarch type with content analysis on the meaning of multicultural education management based on Ulu al-Albab perspective. This study figures out that (1) several aspects were developed as a form of multicultural education, including aspects of institutional development, facilities and infrastructure, academic, research and community service, student affairs, quality assurance, cooperation, building a spirit of giving and sacrifice, and development of academic character and noble morals; (2) multicultural education, closely related to university programs, including implementation of integration of Islam and science, optimizing the role of ma'had, increasing foreign language competence, increasing the quantity of human resources, revitalization of social and religious roles, implementation of information technology-based management, internationalization of universities and international cooperation towards World Class University (WCU), implementation of institutional development, and exploration of funding sources.
An Evaluation of Ahmad Dahlan impacting to the leadership in Indonesia
Authors: Sebastian Anton , Stanley Stanley
Published: September 2020

Ahmad Dahlan is the fourth child. Born in 1868 to a traditional Muslim family domiciled in Kauman, a religious village in Yogyakarta. The village is located just beside the Sultan Palace of Yogyakarta, and is a well-known village inhabited by Muslims. When he was a child, his name was Muhammad Darwisy. Upon returning from Mecca, he changed his name to Ahmad Dahlan. His father Kiai Haji Abu Bakar bin Haji Sulaiman, was the official Kotib of the Great Mosque of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. His mother named Siti Aminah was the daughter of Religious Judge Kiai Haji Ibrahim. According to the biographers of Ahmad Dahlan, one of Dahlan's ancestors was the first and most famous guardian of Wali Songo, Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Even the Dutch report said he was Arabic. This report may be true because based on this genealogical background, which was strengthened by his interest in reform ideas, Ahmad Dahlan - before establishing his own organization - joined Jamiat Kheir and later sent his son to study at the school the organization had founded. This paper aims to see to what extent the approach strategy and values used by Ahmad Dahlan to advance Islamic teachings? What is the Government's attitude towards what Ahmad Dahlan has done? Then, how is the author's critical evaluation of Ahmad Dahlan's approach to strategy to education in Indonesia? Application: challenge Indonesian national educators.
The Relastion Between Church and Politcs
Authors: Ming David
Published: September 2020

The relationship between the Church (religion) and politics is a very important matter to be discussed both in the academic sphere and in the scope of society in general. The relationship is different from time to time as the relationship between the two raises a  polemic. This is due to the understanding that the field of service the church must be restricted to theological matters. On the other hand, there are those who hold that church activities cannot be narrowed only to abstract / theological matters. The church must instead show its concern on social issues that are very concrete, for example political issues. But before we enter into the discussion of the relationship between "Church and Politics", it helps us to understand what church and politics are
A Lexical Analysis of בָּרֹד and מֵֽהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב of In Zechariah 6:3-5
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda
Published: September 2020

In the Zechariah, there are various visions and prophecies that are so difficult to be understood today. And this can be biased if every Bible’s learner interprets it as he pleases. In this research, which uses the Lexical Analysis approach, will discuss about the meaning of the words בָּרֹד and מֵֽהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב of In Zechariah 6:3-5.

With in-depth observation and also making language comparisons, it can be concluded that: בָּרֹדin Zechariah 6:3 should be translated as dappled, a literal or concrete definition. Old Testament does not give any specific color with regard to the dappled. However, it seems that the color of horses in Zechariah 6:1-8 has a function to distinguish one chariot from the other chariots.

יצבin Zechariah 6:5 should be interpreted in the sense of readiness to serve God, a metaphorical extension of the concrete definition, ‘to stand’. The four spirits are going forth after serving the Lord of all the earth in the heavens. It implies that the four spirits are belonged to God. In the heavens, they are serving God and when going to the earth, they carry God’s mission.
Предпочтения в выборе брачного партнера у мужчин и женщин в индийской диаспоре Танзании
Authors: Dronova Daria A. , Butovskaya Marina L.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of a study conducted among the Indian diaspora in Tanzania. The data obtained confirm the existence of universal gender differences in the mating preferences and are consistent with the predictions of the theory of sexual strategies. Indian men tend to pay more attention to a woman's reproductive abilities, thus evaluating physical indicators of fertility, health and age, as well as the potential to be a caring mother. Women appreciate those male qualities that reflect his ability to provide for a family (and therefore joint children), such as intelligence, good education, social status, diligence, financial security, etc. At the same time, cultural components typical for Indian society influence the mating preferences. Caste and the role of parents’ opinion regarding the future marriage partner remain important criteria. Instead of a one-way movement towards Western marriage practices, as suggested by family change theories and as can be seen in other Asian contexts (such as China), trends in Indian society point to a combination of traditional Indian and Western practices.
Языковая ситуация в Республике Мордовия: основные тенденции развития
Authors: Martynenko Alexander V.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the language situation in the modern Republic of Mordovia (RM), which is a multi-ethnic region. The main ethnic groups in the republic are Russians, Mordovians and Tatars. Mordva is comprised of two subgroups – Erzya and Moksha. The dominance of the Russian language in the republic is obvious, which is due to the assimilation processes that has been taking place in the region for many decades. At the same time, Mordovian languages are taught in the schools of the Republic of Moldova; there are national (Moksha, Erzya, Tatar) schools, national newspapers and magazines, programs on national languages on the republican television and radio. However, ethno-cultural organizations of the Republic of Moldova consider it necessary to further expand state support for the Mordovian and Tatar languages.
Among the national intelligentsia, primarily teachers and scholars of philology, there are two main points of view regarding further development of Mordovian languages. The first one supports separate development of the Moksha and Erzya languages. The second one does not actually contradict to it, but considers it necessary to create a unified literary Mordovian language based on the synthesis of Moksha and Erzya. Activists of the Foundation for the Salvation of the Erzyan Language, who consider this move as another step towards the “artificial assimilation” of the Erzyan, strongly oppose this project. The discussion about a single literary Mordovian language has been excessively politicized. Neither the leaders of Mordovia, nor the supporters of such a language aim to enforce it to population. A significant part of the Moksha and Erzya intelligentsia preferred to wait and see rather than oppose to the project.
To sum up, the linguistic factor in Mordovia is closely interconnected with the ethno-political situation. At the same time, the identified problems of linguistic situation in the Republic of Moldova did not undermine the high level of ethnic tolerance typical for Mordovia and the entire Volga region.
Современная семья. Антропогенетические особенности репродуктивных процессов в популяциях малой и средней численности*
Authors: Spitsyna Nailya Kh. , Balinova Natalya V.
Published: September 2020

The report presents a comparative analysis of anthropogenetic parameters in the populations of ethnic Greeks and Albanians of the Azov region, which contrast with the Pamirs and Kyrgyzs of the Pamir Mountains. In the highland Pamir populations of the Pastuf and Khuf (Rushan district of Gorno-Badakhshan Administrative Division (GBAD) of Tajikistan) and the Kyrgyzs of Murghab (Murghab district of GBAD), the main factors of microevolutionary changes are environmental conditions along with the influence of ethnic and confessional attitudes and cultural traditions. The pattern of reproduction is natural with unregulated fertility. A decrease in fertility is associated with the height of populations’ habitats above sea level. The populations of Azov – Krasnaya Polyana (ethnic Greeks speaking Rumeíka), Starolaspe (Tatar-speaking Greeks), and compactly populated Albanians of Devninskoye and Georgievka settlements underwent a demographic transition to the family planning system and strict artificial birth control. Populations surrounded by other ethnic groups have an urbanized pattern of reproduction not typical for groups of small and medium size. This population suffers from the effect of abrupt “aging”, with a small proportion of pre-reproductive age and a significant number of post-reproductive cohorts. Reproductive rates are low and the number is supported by migrations from other groups. The anthropogenetic analysis demonstrated that reproduction processes in populations depend on a set of biological and social factors, geographical conditions and environment.
Краниологические материалы из склепов Цой-Педе (горная Чечня)
Authors: Frizen Sergey Y. , Mamayev Hamid M. , Mamaev Rashid H.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses craniological materials from the crypt burial site Tsoi-Pede dating back to the late Middle Ages (XIII – XVIII centuries). The population that used the tombs of Tsoi-Pede apparently originated from anthropologically different groups who had been living together for quite a long time, and are probably the ancestors of modern Vainakh peoples.
И.С. Гурвич: науки связующая нить
Authors: Pivneva Elena A.
Published: September 2020

Summary. The paper is an overview of the Northern studies during the Soviet era (1960–1980s) in comparison with their current state in Russia through the prism of scientific work of I.S. Gurvich. The all-Russian Scientific Conference dedicated to his 100-th Anniversary was held in IEA RAS, Moscow on October, 24–25 in 2019. The article describes the initial stage of Gurvich’s scientific career related to his residence in Yakutia and analyzes his work as the head of the Department of Northern Studies of the Moscow Institute of Ethnography. The article particularly emphasizes the role of the Northern expedition of this Institute in the development of Northern studies in Russia and the role of the personality factor in formation of the discipline. The author discusses problem of the connection of scientific research with the political context.
It is concluded that some areas and principles of scientific work originated by I.S. Gurvich retain their importance for current research. At the same time, post-Soviet Northern studies have been changing significantly under the influence of socio-political transformations and new scientific theories. The scientific paradigm is shifting; the subject area and the toolkit of applied methods are expanding. The new context of fieldwork, the inclusion of the minorities' opinions themselves in the scientific discourse, compel us to re-conceptualize the idea of “field”. The current situation makes scientists face many new challenges, for which the experience and scientific heritage of I. S. Gurvich and former employees of the Department of the Northern and Siberian Studies are of great importance.
Медицинская маска как средство индивидуальной и коллективной защиты в условиях пандемии COVID-19 (кросс-культурные аспекты)
Authors: Burkova Valentina N. , Fedenok Julia N.
Published: September 2020

Using a medical mask is one of the ways to prevent the spread of respiratory infections, including COVID-19. The willingness to use the mask in different countries depends on a number of factors – epidemiological experience, cultural norms and attitudes, economic and political conditions, public awareness, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze the first reaction of the population to prescriptions or recommendations of authorities to use medical masks as a means of personal protection during COVID-19 in different countries. We used methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews, questionnaires, photo-fixation of elements of people's behavior during the pandemic, content analysis of the media. In total, 366 questionnaires were collected (51 males and 315 females) among Russian-speaking people who were living or staying abroad at the time of the outbreak and spreading of COVID-19, as well as among Russians from different regions of Russia since March 23 to April 10, 2020. An analysis of the data showed that the willingness to use a mask depends on the country of residence of the respondent, gender, social distance and trust in the authorities. The results of the study demonstrate the effect of official decisions on the real behavior of people – the more serious are measures on the part of the government, the more responsible are people about preventive measures and the better they implement them. The results were interpreted from the point of view of “Individualism-Collectivism” dichotomous classification of cultures. These results are the first step of the study and reveal the first stage of people's response to the restrictions. Understanding of socio-cultural and ethnic circumstances of population’s perception and implementation of sanitary-hygienic prescriptions can be used in choosing the most optimal ways of warning and developing efficient methods to encourage the population to adhere to restrictions.
Emission Modes in Electrospray Thrusters Operating with High Conductivity Ionic Liquids
Authors: Uchizono Nolan M. , Collins Adam L. , Thuppul Anirudh , Wright Peter L. , Eckhardt Daniel Q. , Ziemer John , Wirz Richard E.
Published: September 2020

Electrospray thruster life and mission performance are strongly influenced by grid impingement, the extent of which can be correlated with emission modes that occur at steady-state extraction voltages, and thruster command transients. Most notably, we experimentally observed skewed cone-jet emission during steady-state electrospray thruster operation, which leads to the definition of an additional grid impingement mechanism that we termed “tilted emission”. Long distance microscopy was used in conjunction with high speed videography to observe the emission site of an electrospray thruster operating with an ionic liquid propellant (EMI-Im). During steady-state thruster operation, no unsteady electrohydrodynamic emission modes were observed, though the conical meniscus exhibited steady off-axis tilt of up to 15°. Cone tilt angle was independent over a wide range of flow rates but proved strongly dependent on extraction voltage. For the geometry and propellant used, the optimal extraction voltage was near 1.6 kV. A second experiment characterized transient emission behavior by observing startup and shutdown of the thruster via flow or voltage. Three of the four possible startup and shutdown procedures transition to quiescence within ∼475 μs, with no observed unsteady modes. However, during voltage-induced thruster startup, unsteady electrohydrodynamic modes were observed.
Automated Design of CubeSats using Evolutionary Algorithm for Trade Space Selection
Authors: Kalita Himangshu , Thangavelautham Jekan
Published: September 2020

The miniaturization of electronics, sensors, and actuators has enabled the growing use of nanosatellites for earth observation, astrophysics, and even interplanetary missions. This rise of nanosatellites has led to the development of an inventory of modular, interchangeable commercially-off-the-shelf (COTS) components by a multitude of commercial vendors. As a result, the capability of combining subsystems in a compact platform has considerably advanced in the last decade. However, to ascertain these spacecraft’s maximum capabilities in terms of mass, volume, and power, there is an important need to optimize their design. Current spacecraft design methods need engineering experience and judgements made by of a team of experts, which can be labor intensive and might lead to a sub-optimal design. In this work we present a compelling alternative approach using machine learning to identify near-optimal solutions to extend the capabilities of a design team. The approach enables automated design of a spacecraft that requires developing a virtual warehouse of components and specifying quantitative goals to produce a candidate design. The near-optimal solutions found through this approach would be a credible starting point for the design team that will need further study to determine their implementation feasibility.
Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots
Authors: Jin Sora , Hyun Tae Kyung
Published: September 2020

The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to improve the production of anthocyanins, as well as the bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant and whitening activities) of ginseng. Based on differentially expressed gene analysis, we found that ectopic expression of PAP1 induced the expression of genes involved in the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ (24 genes), and ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’ (17 genes) pathways, resulting in 191- to 341-fold increases in anthocyanin production compared to transgenic control (TC) hairy roots. Additionally, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots exhibited an approximately seven-fold higher DPPH-free radical scavenging activity and 10-fold higher ORAC value compared to the TC. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots strongly inhibited the accumulation of melanin by 50 to 59% compared to mock-control. Furthermore, results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and tyrosinase inhibition assay suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots is mediated by tyrosinase activity inhibition. Taken together, our results suggested that the ectopic expression of PAP1 is an effective strategy for the enhancement of anthocyanin production, which improves the biological activities of ginseng root cultures.
Application of an Improved Formal Model of the Hybrid Development of Ontologies in Complex Information Systems
Authors: Daradkeh Yousef Ibrahim , Tvoroshenko Iryna
Published: September 2020

Ontologies in artificial intelligence systems are an effective way to represent and integrate knowledge and data. The property of such structures is that any subject area is accurately described in formal language. There is a problem in the research and determination of the adequacy of ontologies under development. The perspective directions are model construction for the development of fuzzy ontologies and also the creation of methods for evaluating adequacy. The achieved results allow one to implement the processes of supporting the development and integration of ontologies of complex systems on the basis of intelligent approaches. The method is proposed to solve the problem of alternative representation and the integration of knowledge and data in artificial intelligence systems. The methodology of improving the model of the hybrid development of fuzzy ontologies is described here; it provides the preliminary modification of models of extensive and intensive progress of ontologies in space and time. The identified features of fuzzy ontology processing allow us to create a procedure for finding and eliminating inadequacies. The software implementation of the application for the integration and presentation of heterogeneous data is carried out. The consumption of Random Access Memory (RAM) for the proposed models is analyzed. The further perspectives of the proposed research are determined in accordance with the principles of classification.
A Comparison of the Role of the Chelating Agent on the Structure of Lithium Conducting Solid Electrolyte Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3: Pechini vs. Modified Pechini-Type Methods
Authors: Ghaani Mohammad Reza , Mohtasebi Amir Masoud , Tajeri Razie , Marashi Pirooz
Published: September 2020

In recent years, solid lithium-ion conductors have been widely studied because of their applications as electrodes and solid electrolytes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Citric acid (CA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were employed to synthesize the nanostructured NASICON-type Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 ceramic. The chelating agent, together with an ethylene glycol (EG) and the esterification agent were employed to form a network decorated with uniform dispersed metal ions under specific conditions: molar ratio [complexing agent/metal ions] = 1 and the molar ratio [EG/EDTA] = 6, whereas the solution pH was kept below 1. A well crystalline NASICON structure was formed following the heat treatment of the produced gel at 630 °C. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) revealed lower required temperature for pyrolysis and crystallization using EDTA. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) showed the formation of larger crystallite size when citric acid was employed. The data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have confirmed the higher apparent porosity and a larger proportion of grain boundaries in the case of EDTA-assisted synthesis.
Global Dietary Patterns and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Axelrod Cara Hannah , Saps Miguel
Published: September 2020

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) are common. In the United States alone, approximately 25 million Americans are estimated to have at least one FGID. Nonpharmacological treatment options include psychological/behavioral approaches, and dietary interventions that can vary across countries. The aim of this review is to evaluate the available evidence for dietary interventions for the treatment of childhood FGIDs amongst various cultures and regions of the world. This review includes clinical trials of dietary therapies for the treatment of FGIDs in children posted on or before 13 July 2020 in PubMed. Overall, the consensus view suggests that the westernization of diets is linked to the development of FGIDs, and diets low in Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) may reduce abdominal symptoms. However, more work is needed to confirm these findings.
Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation
Authors: Diagne Nathalie , Ngom Mariama , Djighaly Pape Ibrahima , Fall Dioumacor , Hocher Valérie , Svistoonoff Sergio
Published: September 2020

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. These soil microorganisms enhance the plant’s nutrient uptake by extending the root absorbing area. In return, the symbiont receives plant carbohydrates for the completion of its life cycle. AMF also helps plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature, heavy metal, diseases, and pathogens. For abiotic stresses, the mechanisms of adaptation of AMF to these stresses are generally linked to increased hydromineral nutrition, ion selectivity, gene regulation, production of osmolytes, and the synthesis of phytohormones and antioxidants. Regarding the biotic stresses, AMF are involved in pathogen resistance including competition for colonization sites and improvement of the plant’s defense system. Furthermore, AMF have a positive impact on ecosystems. They improve the quality of soil aggregation, drive the structure of plant and bacteria communities, and enhance ecosystem stability. Thus, a plant colonized by AMF will use more of these adaptation mechanisms compared to a plant without mycorrhizae. In this review, we present the contribution of AMF on plant growth and performance in stressed environments.
Dataset of Search Results Organized as Learning Paths Recommended by Experts to Support Search as Learning
Authors: Proaño-Ríos Verónica , González-Ibáñez Roberto
Published: September 2020

In this article, we introduce a dataset of curated learning paths (LPs) to support search as learning. LPs were obtained through an online survey delivered to experts in different domains. Data were then analyzed and described in terms of a set of variables. The resulting dataset comprised 83 LPs, each containing three web pages, for an overall collection consisting of 249 documents. The dataset is intended to provide information scientists, education researchers, and industry professionals, who provide information services in educational contexts, a valuable resource to (i) investigate patterns in the order of LPs, (ii) improve ranking models and/or re-ranking methods, (iii) explain the structure of the recommended LPs, and (iv) investigate alternative approaches to display search results based on the features of LPs.
Reducing the Breast Cancer Risk and Radiation Dose of Radiography for Scoliosis in Children: A Phantom Study
Authors: Nemoto Manami , Chida Koichi
Published: September 2020

Full-spinal radiographs (FRs) are often the first choice of imaging modality in the investigation of scoliosis. However, FRs are strongly related to breast cancer occurrence due to multiple large-field radiographic examinations taken during childhood and adolescence, which may increase the risk for breast cancer in adulthood among women with scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to consider various technical parameters to reduce the patient radiation dose of FRs for scoliosis. To evaluate breast surface doses (BSDs) in FRs, radio photoluminescence dosimeters were placed in contact with a child phantom. Using the PC-based Monte Carlo (PMC) program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations, the breast organ dose (BOD) and the effective dose were calculated by performing Monte Carlo simulations using mathematical phantom models. The BSDs in the posteroanterior (PA) view were 0.15–0.34-fold those in the anteroposterior (AP) view. The effective dose in the PA view was 0.4–0.61-fold that in the AP view. BSD measurements were almost equivalent to the BODs obtained using PMC at all exposure settings. During FRs, the PA view without an anti-scatter grid significantly reduced the breast dose compared to the AP view with an anti-scatter grid.
Detecting Earthquake-Related Anomalies of a Borehole Strain Network Based on Multi-Channel Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Yu Zining , Hattori Katsumi , Zhu Kaiguang , Chi Chengquan , Fan Mengxuan , He Xiaodan
Published: September 2020

To investigate the nonlinear spatio-temporal behavior of earthquakes, a complex network has been built using borehole strain data from the southwestern endpoint of the Longmenshan fault zone, Sichuan-Yunnan region of China, and the topological structural properties of the network have been investigated based on data from 2011–2014. Herein, six observation sites were defined as nodes and their edges as the connections between them. We introduced Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) to analyze periodic oscillations, earthquake-related strain, and noise in multi-site observations, and then defined the edges of the network by calculating the correlations between sites. The results of the daily degree centrality of the borehole strain network indicated that the strain network anomalies were correlatable with local seismicity associate with the earthquake energy in the strain network. Further investigation showed that strain network anomalies were more likely to appear before major earthquakes rather than after them, particularly within 30 days before an event. Anomaly acceleration rates were also found to be related to earthquake energy. This study has revealed the self-organizing pre-earthquake phenomena and verified the construction of borehole networks is a powerful tool for providing information on earthquake precursors and the dynamics of complex fault systems.
A Dynamic DNA Color Image Encryption Method Based on SHA-512
Authors: Zhou Shihua , He Pinyan , Kasabov Nikola
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a dynamic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) image encryption based on Secure Hash Algorithm-512 (SHA-512), having the structure of two rounds of permutation–diffusion, by employing two chaotic systems, dynamic DNA coding, DNA sequencing operations, and conditional shifting. We employed the SHA-512 algorithm to generate a 512-bit hash value and later utilized this value with the natural DNA sequence to calculate the initial values for the chaotic systems and the eight intermittent parameters. We implemented a two-dimensional rectangular transform (2D-RT) on the permutation. We used four-wing chaotic systems and Lorentz systems to generate chaotic sequences and recombined three channel matrices and chaotic matrices with intermittent parameters. We calculated hamming distances of DNA matrices, updated the initial values of two chaotic systems, and generated the corresponding chaotic matrices to complete the diffusion operation. After diffusion, we decoded and decomposed the DNA matrices, and then scrambled and merged these matrices into an encrypted image. According to experiments, the encryption method in this paper not only was able to withstand statistical attacks, plaintext attacks, brute-force attacks, and a host of other attacks, but also could reduce the complexity of the algorithm because it adopted DNA sequencing operations that were different from traditional DNA sequencing operations.
Electricity: A New Open Access Journal
Authors: Sumper Andreas , Ferreira Paula
Published: September 2020

Electricity has fascinated humans since the early days [...]
Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas Composition Changes on Methane Number as a Fuel Quality Requirement
Authors: Kuczyński Szymon , Łaciak Mariusz , Szurlej Adam , Włodek Tomasz
Published: September 2020

The one of main quality requirements of natural gas as an engine fuel is the methane number (MN). This parameter indicates the fuel’s capability to avoid knocking in the engine. A higher MN value indicates a better natural gas quality for gas engines. Natural gas with higher methane content tends to have higher MN value. This study presents analysis of deviation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) composition and its impact on LNG quality as an engine fuel. The analysis of higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen content impact on LNG parameters was considered for several samples of LNG compositions. Most engine manufacturers want to set a new, lower limit value for methane number at 80. This fact causes significant restrictions on the range of variability in the composition of liquefied natural gas. The goal of this study was to determine the combination of the limit content of individual components in liquefied natural gas to achieve the strict methane number criterion (MN > 80). To fulfill this criterion, the methane content in LNG would have to exceed 93.7%mol, and a significant part of the LNG available on the market does not meet these requirements. The analysis also indicated that the methane number cannot be the only qualitative criterion, as its variability depends strongly on the LNG composition. To determine the applicability of LNG as an engine fuel, the simultaneous application of the methane number and Wobbe index criteria was proposed.
Unconventional Excess Heat Sources for District Heating in a National Energy System Context
Authors: Nielsen Steffen , Hansen Kenneth , Lund Rasmus , Moreno Diana
Published: September 2020

District heating (DH) is an important technology in future smart energy systems as it allows for an efficient implementation of various renewable energy sources. As DH develops towards lower temperatures and renewable electricity production increases, new types of heat sources become relevant. Thus, the aim of this article is to assess the potential for utilizing four unconventional excess heat (UEH) sources in DH systems, namely: Data centers, wastewater treatment, metros and service sector buildings. The main method used to assess the UEH potentials is an energy system analysis focusing on the availability and economic feasibility of utilizing the UEH sources in national contexts. The analysis consists of 2015 and 2050 scenarios for Germany, Spain and France. The results show a potential for utilizing the UEH potentials in all three countries, both in 2015 and 2050 systems. The potentials are highest in the 2050 scenarios, primarily due to larger DH shares. Furthermore, the potentials are limited by competition with other heat supply sources, conjunction with heat demands and feasible heat pump operation. In conclusion, the four UEH sources could impact the local DH systems, but in a national energy system context they are expected to play a minor role.
Quantifying the Techno-Economic Potential of Grid-Tied Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics in the Philippine Industrial Sector
Authors: Jara Patrick Gregory B. , Castro Michael T. , Esparcia Eugene A. , Ocon Joey D.
Published: September 2020

The industrial sector is a major contributor to the economic growth of the Philippines. However, it is also one of the top consumers of energy, which is produced mainly from fossil fuels. The Philippine industrial sector must therefore be supported economically while minimizing the emissions associated with energy consumption. A potential strategy for minimizing costs and emissions is the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules on the rooftops of industrial facilities, but this approach is hindered by existing energy policies in the country. In this work, we performed a techno-economic assessment on the implementation of rooftop solar PV in Philippine industrial facilities under different policy scenarios. Our study considered 139 randomly sampled industrial plants under MERALCO franchise area in the Philippines. Under the current net metering policy, 132 of the evaluated facilities were economically viable for the integration of rooftop solar PV. This corresponds to an additional 1035 MWp of solar PV capacity and the avoidance of 8.4 million tons of CO2 emissions with minimal financial risk. In comparison, an expanded net metering policy supports the deployment of 4653 MWp of solar PV and the avoidance of 38 million tons of CO2. By enabling an enhanced net metering policy, the widespread application of rooftop solar PV may present considerable savings and emission reduction for energy-intensive industries (electrical and semiconductors, cement and concrete, steel and metals, and textile and garments) and lower generation costs for less energy intensive industries (construction and construction materials, transportation and logistics, and food and beverages).
Economic Conditions for Developing Hydrogen Production Based on Coal Gasification with Carbon Capture and Storage in Poland
Authors: Kaplan Radosław , Kopacz Michał
Published: September 2020

This study documents the results of economic assessment concerning four variants of coal gasification to hydrogen in a shell reactor. That assessment has been made using discounting methods (NPV: net present value, IRR: internal rate of return), as well as indicators based on a free cash flow to firm (FCFF) approach. Additionally, sensitivity analysis has been carried out, along with scenario analysis in current market conditions concerning prices of hard coal, lignite, hydrogen and CO2 allowances, as well as capital expenditures and costs related to carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. Based on NPV results, a negative economic assessment has been obtained for all the analyzed variants varying within the range of EUR −903 to −142 million, although the variants based on hard coal achieved a positive IRR (5.1–5.7%) but lower than the assumed discount rates. In Polish conditions, the gasification of lignite seems to be unprofitable, in the assumed scale of total investment outlays and the current price of coal feedstock. The sensitivity analyses indicate that at least a 20% increase of hydrogen price would be required, or a similar reduction of capital expenditures (CAPEX) and costs of operation, for the best variant to make NPV positive. Analyses have also indicated that on the economic basis, only the prices of CO2 allowances exceeding EUR 40/Mg (EUR 52/Mg for lignite) would generate savings due to the availability of CCS systems.
Spatiotemporal Variability in Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in Eastern Canadian Lakes Related to Physiographic, Morphologic, and Climatic Drivers
Authors: Ratté-Fortin Claudie , Chokmani Karem , Laurion Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Phytoplankton bloom monitoring in freshwaters is a challenging task, particularly when biomass is dominated by buoyant cyanobacterial communities that present complex spatiotemporal patterns. Increases in bloom frequency or intensity and their earlier onset in spring were shown to be linked to multiple anthropogenic disturbances, including climate change. The aim of the present study was to describe the phenology of phytoplankton blooms and its potential link with morphological, physiographic, anthropogenic, and climatic characteristics of the lakes and their watershed. The spatiotemporal dynamics of near-surface blooms were studied on 580 lakes in southern Quebec (Eastern Canada) over a 17-year period by analyzing chlorophyll-a concentrations gathered from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite images. Results show a significant increase by 23% in bloom frequency across all studied lakes between 2000 and 2016. The first blooms of the year appeared increasingly early over this period but only by 3 days (median date changing from 6 June to 3 June). Results also indicate that high biomass values are often reached, but the problem is seldom extended to the entire lake surface. The canonical correlation analysis between phenological variables and environmental variables shows that higher frequency and intensity of phytoplankton blooms and earlier onset date occurred for smaller watersheds and higher degree-days, lake surface area, and proportion of urban zones. This study provides a regional picture of lake trophic state over a wide variety of lacustrine environments in Quebec, a detailed phenology allowing to go beyond local biomass assessments, and the first steps on the development of an approach exploiting regional trends for local pattern assessments.
Thermodynamics Characterization of Lung Carcinoma, Entropic Study and Metabolic Correlations
Authors: Farsaci Francesco , Tellone Ester , Galtieri Antonio , Ficarra Silvana
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the use of dielectric spectroscopy as an investigation technique to determine the chemical–physical characteristics of biological materials has had a great increase. This study used the non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables theory to test the potential pathological features of lung cancer. After a brief exploration of the dielectric polarization concept highlighting some aspects that were used, some thermodynamic functions were obtained as functions of the frequency, both for lung tumor cells and physiological ones. Variations in the intensity of values but not in the trend of the curves were observed and this was attributed to the perturbing field. The trend of this field explains the behavior of phenomena described by other functions, as related to the frequencies of the perturbing field. Compared to the physiological ones, the cancer cells appeared to be “more predisposed” to conserve their state as characterized by minor entropy production, probably because this helped cells to obtain the required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the minimum amount of nutrients.
Experimental Study on Water Electrolysis Using Cellulose Nanofluid
Authors: Choi Dongnyeok , Lee Kwon-Yeong
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen energy is considered to be a future energy source due to its higher energy density as compared to renewable energy and ease of storage and transport. Water electrolysis is one of the most basic methods for producing hydrogen. KOH and NaOH, which are currently used as electrolytes for water electrolysis, have strong alkalinity. So, it cause metal corrosion and can be serious damage when it is exposed to human body. Hence, experiments using cellulose nanofluid (CNF, C6H10O5) as an electrolyte were carried out to overcome the disadvantages of existing electrolytes and increase the efficiency of hydrogen production. The variables of the experiment were CNF concentration, anode material, voltage applied to the electrode, and initial temperature of the electrolyte. The conditions showing the optimal hydrogen production efficiency (99.4%) within the set variables range were found. CNF, which is not corrosive and has high safety, can be used for electrolysis for a long period of time because it does not coagulate and settle over a long period of time unlike other inorganic nanofluids. In addition, it shows high hydrogen production efficiency. So, it is expected to be used as a next-generation water electrolysis electrolyte.
The Effects of Iron Supplementation and Fortification on the Gut Microbiota: A Review
Authors: Finlayson-Trick Emma CL , Fischer Jordie AJ , Goldfarb David M , Karakochuk Crystal D
Published: September 2020

Iron supplementation and fortification are used to treat iron deficiency, which is often associated with gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Within the gut, commensal bacteria contribute to maintaining systemic iron homeostasis. Disturbances that lead to excess iron promote the replication and virulence of enteric pathogens. Consequently, research has been interested in better understanding the effects of iron supplementation and fortification on gut bacterial composition and overall gut health. While animal and human trials have shown seemingly conflicting results, these studies emphasize how numerous factors influence gut microbial composition. Understanding how different iron formulations and doses impact specific bacteria will improve the outcomes of iron supplementation and fortification in humans. Furthermore, discerning the nuances of iron supplementation and fortification will benefit subpopulations that currently do not respond well to treatment.
The Implication of Vision and Colour in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Bernárdez-Vilaboa Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Colour is important in art, particularly in pictures. The eyes receive images with a particular condition after traversing the cornea, other surfaces and interior liquid of orbit. It is possible for changes in colour to be perceived when pictures are viewed by one eye that has defects in any surface. Cone defects are directly related to colour failure. Can the original colour be recovered by modifying the visual function? There are multiple colour tests, but there is no consensus on which colour test is best. After detecting a problem with colour, we found several techniques to enhance colour contrast for dichromats. Treatments considered were reversible and innocuous and combined with melanopsin-based blue light sensitivity for melatonin suppression, allowing visual acceptance and luminous perception. A light source of 4000 K with a Duv value of zero, a good observer and adequate illumination were necessary. Subjective assessment may be affected by visual functions such as accommodation, binocular vision and quality of the eye.