bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Роль Суду справедливості Європейського Союзу у формуванні доктрини конституціоналізації права ЄС
Authors: КОМАРОВА ТЕТЯНА
Published: July 2019

Останні тенденції розвитку права Європейського Союзу (ЄС, Євросоюз) дають змогу стверджувати про досить активний процес конституціоналізації цього права, а отже, і про формування відповідної доктрини. Суд справедливості ЄС (Суд ЄС) своєю практикою впливає на утвердження доктрини конституціоналізації права Євросоюзу, оскільки саме він розвинув концепції прямої дії, абсолютного верховенства права ЄС, відповідальності держав-членів за порушення права ЄС. Окремий внесок у формування доктрини конституціоналізації права Євросоюзу Суд ЄС зробив із поступовим розвитком прав людини на рівні Євросоюзу, що додало демократичний елемент у правопорядок ЄС та наблизило право Євросоюзу до статусу конституції.
Метою статті є дослідження феномена конституціоналізації права ЄС та особливої ролі Суду ЄС, який своєю практикою розвинув установчі договори Євросоюзу, які спочатку були сукупністю домовленостей між державами-членами, до унікального правового режиму, котрий надає права та накладає обов’язки на всіх суб’єктів на території ЄС.
Характерно, що правовому режиму Євросоюзу стали притаманні риси конституції, а Суд ЄС неодноразово констатував, що установчий Договір ЄС є “конституційною хартією, заснованою на верховенстві права”, або “внутрішньою конституцією”, а в окремих випадках також звертався до “основ конституційної хартії”, “конституційних принципів” і “конституційних гарантій”. При цьому Суд ЄС брав до уваги те, що право Євросоюзу має автономний характер і йому не може бути протиставлений нормативний акт внутрішнього права, якою б не була його природа, включаючи й національні конституції.
Крім того, право ЄС діє на всій території Євросоюзу та для всіх його суб’єктів, тобто розповсюджується на держави-члени, інститути ЄС і головне – надає права фізичним та юридичним особам без імплементації у національні правові системи. Реалізація цих характеристик права ЄС у життя – це кропітка праця та проактивна позиція саме Суду ЄС. Крім того, права людини як невід’ємна конституційна характеристика стали складовою правопорядку ЄС. Практика Суду ЄС визначила, що основоположні права людини як правовий принцип, спільний для всіх держав-членів, є загальним принципом права Євросоюзу та має захищатися Судом ЄС. Незважаючи на те, що на початку європейської інтеграції захист прав людини не був предметом регулювання співтовариств, які були зацікавлені у розвитку лише економіки, Суд ЄС став тим інститутом, який гарантував цей захист у контексті захисту економічних свобод навіть тоді, коли установчі договори не містили положень щодо нього.
Наведені здобутки Суду ЄС зробили основоположний внесок у розвиток доктрини конституціоналізації права ЄС, яка продовжує розвиватися і нині.
KOMBINASI BEDAH EKSISI, INJEKSI KORTIKOSTEROID INTRALESI, DAN GEL SILIKON PADA TATA LAKSANA KELOID DI CUPING TELINGA
Authors: Widiatmoko Arif , Brahmanti Herwinda , Boco Pranowo Tri Padesa
Published: July 2019

Keloid adalah proliferasi jaringan fibrosa jinak di kulit yang sering terjadi setelah trauma kulit dan sering timbul di cuping telinga. Terapi tunggal pada keloid menghasilkan angka kekambuhan yang tinggi. Kombinasi bedah eksisi, injeksi steroid intralesi, dan gel silikon akan mengurangi kekambuhan. Kami melaporkan keloid yang bertambah besar di kedua cuping telinga seorang perempuan usia 21 tahun, sejak 4 tahun setelah berganti anting. Riwayat injeksi triamsinolon asetonid rutin setiap 2 minggu selama satu tahun. Benjolan di telinga kiri mengecil, tetapi benjolan di telinga kanan mengalami sedikit perbaikan. Tidak ada riwayat luka yang menjadi keloid di bagian tubuh yang lain. Pemeriksaan regio aurikularis dekstra menunjukkan nodul bulat lonjong soliter hiperpigmentasi dengan konsistensi padat kenyal dan diameter 1,3 cm. Bedah eksisi dilakukan pada keloid. Selain itu, dilakukan injeksi triamsinolon asetonid intralesi dan aplikasi gel silikon 1 minggu setelah eksisi. Evaluasi pasien pada bulan ke-8 tidak menunjukkan pertumbuhan keloid. Kombinasi bedah eksisi, injeksi kortikosteroid intralesi, dan aplikasi gel silikon pada keloid cuping telinga dapat ini menekan kekambuhan dibandingkan dengan terapi injeksi kortikosteroid tunggal yang diberikan sebelumnya.Kata Kunci: keloid, bedah eksisi, kortikosteroid intralesi, gel silikon
TEKNOLOGI NANO DI BIDANG DERMATOLOGI KOSMETIK
Authors: Angelia Ferina , - Purwantyastuti , Louisa Melva , Menaldi Sri Linuwih
Published: July 2019

Nanosains merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu yang meneliti partikel â€“ partikel kecil dalam skala atomik atau molekuler. Teknologi nano merupakan cabang baru bidang teknik yang melibatkan penggunaan partikel berskala nano (1-100 nm). Partikel nano dapat digunakan di berbagai bidang antara lain teknik, kimia, onkologi, dermatologi, dan lain-lain. Aplikasi dalam bidang dermatologi disebut sebagai nanodermatologi. Nanodermatologi merupakan bidang baru yang menarik minat banyak peneliti dan perusahaan farmasi. Teknologi nano telah menimbulkan revolusi dalam pengobatan beberapa penyakit kulit, terutama yang berkaitan dengan hantaran obat atau bahan kosmetik ke target kerja yang spesifik secara efektif. Potensi aplikasi teknologi nano di bidang dermatologi dan kosmetik, antara lain pada produk tabir surya, pelembab, formulasi anti penuaan, fototerapi, antiseptik, vaksin, obat kanker kulit, produk perawatan rambut, produk perawatan kuku, dan sebagainya. Dalam makalah ini akan dijelaskan mengenai teknologi nano, berbagai tipe partikel nano, aplikasi teknologi nano, dan pertimbangan keamanan partikel nano di bidang dermatologi dan kosmetik.Kata kunci: dermatologi; kosmetik; nanodermatologi; teknologi nano.
PENYAKIT KAWASAKI
Authors: Mayasari Reza , - Fitriani , K Soenarto
Published: July 2019

Penyakit Kawasaki (PK) merupakan sindrom mukokutan dan kelenjar getah bening dengan demam disertai vaskulitis multisistem, terutama menyerang anak usia di bawah 5 tahun. Etiopatogenesis belum diketahui pasti. Gambaran klinis PK bergantung fase penyakit yaitu fase akut, subakut dan konvalesen. The American Heart Association (AHA) membagi kriteria diagnosis PK menjadi klasik dan tidak lengkap. Diagnosis PK klasik ditegakkan apabila ditemukan demam tinggi â‰¥5 hari dan memenuhi 4 dari 5 kriteria klinis PK, yaitu injeksi konjungtiva noneksudatif bilateral tanpa keterllibatan limbus, perubahan mukosa oral, perubahan ekstremitas, eksantema polimorfik, dan limfadenopati servikal unilateral. Pasien dengan demam tinggi â‰¥5 hari disertai kurang dari 4 kriteria klinis PK dapat dianggap sebagai PK tidak lengkap bila gambaran ekokardiografi ditemukan abnormalitas arteri koroner. Meskipun PK bersifat swasirna dan angka kematiannya sangat rendah, 15-25% kasus yang tidak diobati mengalami kelainan kardiovaskuler progresif dan menetap. Tata laksana PK melibatkan multidisiplin ilmu kedokteran. Pemberian imunoglobulin intravena (IGIV) dan aspirin efektif mencegah komplikasi.Kata kunci: Penyakit Kawasaki, gambaran klinis, kriteria diagnosis
NEUROENDOKRINOLOGI MELASMA
Authors: Legiawati Lili , Adnani Nitish Basant
Published: July 2019

Melasma adalah kelainan hipermelanosis didapat, ditandai dengan makula hiperpigmentasi yang terdistribusi secara simetris pada bagian tubuh yang terpajan sinar matahari, terutama wajah. Patogenesis kondisi ini belum diketahui secara pasti. Berbagai faktor telah diketahui berkaitan dengan terjadinya melasma, yang tidak berdiri sendiri.Sistem neuroendokrinologi pada kulit berperan secara lokal dan sistemik melalui jaras humoral dan neurologis untuk menginduksi perubahan vaskular, imunitas, atau pigmen. Sistem ini juga berfungsi menjaga dan memelihara integritas struktur dan fungsi kulit, dan penting dalam homeostasis kulit. Perubahan pada sistem neuroendokrinologi kulit dapat berpengaruh dalam berbagai jenis kelainan kulit, salah satunya melasma. Keterlibatan neurologis pada melasma terutama berhubungan dengan peningkatan ekspresi nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) dan neural endopeptidase (NEP) serta hipertrofi serabut saraf dermis. Terkait dengan faktor endokrin sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten mengenai keterlibatan hormon estrogen, progesteron dan hipofisa. Mekanisme patogenesis melasma bersifat heterogen. Pemahaman patogenesis khususnya aspek neuroendokrinologi dapat memberikan terobosan untuk menyelesaikan kesulitan terapi melasma.Kata kunci: hormone, neuroendokrin, melasma, patogenesis
Antioxidant Activity of Thyme Waste Extract in O/W Emulsions
Authors: El-Guendouz Soukaïna , Aazza Smail , Anahi Dandlen Susana , Majdoub Nessrine , Lyoussi Badiaa , Raposo Sara , Dulce Antunes Maria , Gomes Vera , Graça Miguel Maria
Published: July 2019

Thymus vulgaris (thyme) is an aromatic plant and its essential oil has been applied as antimicrobial and antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds. However, after steam distillation, the deodorized plant material is rejected, despite the possible presence of bioactive compounds. Ethanolic thyme waste extract revealed the presence of benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and sinapic acid. This waste thyme extract had the capacity for preventing the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products in emulsions O/W (oil in water), constituted by diverse proportions of wheat and almond oils, without interfering with the viscosity parameters, for 10 weeks, at 37 °C. The increasing proportion of almond oil (≥50%) in the emulsion increases its resistance to oxidation, which is improved with the presence of an optimal concentration of tested thyme waste extract (0.02% and 0.04%). The waste thyme extract can, therefore, be used as an antioxidant either in food or pharmaceutical emulsions O/W, replacing the synthetic antioxidants.
Review: Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Mobile Sensing Platforms (MSPs) for Disaster Response, Civil Security and Public Safety
Authors: Hildmann Hanno , Kovacs Ernö
Published: July 2019

The use of UAVs in areas ranging from agriculture over urban services to entertainment or simply as a hobby has rapidly grown over the last years. Regarding serious/commercial applications, UAVs have been considered in the literature, especially as mobile sensing/actuation platforms (i.e., as a delivery platform for an increasingly wide range of sensors and actuators). With regard to timely, cost-effective and very rich data acquisition, both, NEC Research as well as TNO are pursuing investigations into the use of UAVs and swarms of UAVs for scenarios where high-resolution requirements, prohibiting environments or tight time constraints render traditional approaches ineffective. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of safety and security-focused application areas that we identified as main targets for industrial and commercial projects, especially in the context of intelligent autonomous systems and autonomous/semi-autonomously operating swarms. We discuss a number of challenges related to the deployment of UAVs in general and to their deployment within the identified application areas in particular. As such, this article is meant to serve as a review and overview of the literature and the state-of-the-art, but also to offer an outlook over our possible (near-term) future work and the challenges that we will face there.
Generalized Master Equation Approach to Time-Dependent Many-Body Transport
Authors: Moldoveanu Valeriu , Manolescu Andrei , Gudmundsson Vidar
Published: July 2019

We recall theoretical studies on transient transport through interacting mesoscopic systems. It is shown that a generalized master equation (GME) written and solved in terms of many-body states provides the suitable formal framework to capture both the effects of the Coulomb interaction and electron–photon coupling due to a surrounding single-mode cavity. We outline the derivation of this equation within the Nakajima–Zwanzig formalism and point out technical problems related to its numerical implementation for more realistic systems which can neither be described by non-interacting two-level models nor by a steady-state Markov–Lindblad equation. We first solve the GME for a lattice model and discuss the dynamics of many-body states in a two-dimensional nanowire, the dynamical onset of the current-current correlations in electrostatically coupled parallel quantum dots and transient thermoelectric properties. Secondly, we rely on a continuous model to get the Rabi oscillations of the photocurrent through a double-dot etched in a nanowire and embedded in a quantum cavity. A many-body Markovian version of the GME for cavity-coupled systems is also presented.
Fluid Flow and Entropy Generation Analysis of Al2O3–Water Nanofluid in Microchannel Plate Fin Heat Sinks
Authors: Ma Hao , Duan Zhipeng , Su Liangbin , Ning Xiaoru , Bai Jiao , Lv Xianghui
Published: July 2019

The flow in channels of microdevices is usually in the developing regime. Three-dimensional laminar flow characteristics of a nanofluid in microchannel plate fin heat sinks are investigated numerically in this paper. Deionized water and Al2O3–water nanofluid are employed as the cooling fluid in our work. The effects of the Reynolds number (100 < Re < 1000), channel aspect ratio (0 < ε < 1), and nanoparticle volume fraction (0.5% < Φ < 5%) on pressure drop and entropy generation in microchannel plate fin heat sinks are examined in detail. Herein, the general expression of the entropy generation rate considering entrance effects is developed. The results revealed that the frictional entropy generation and pressure drop increase as nanoparticle volume fraction and Reynolds number increase, while decrease as the channel aspect ratio increases. When the nanoparticle volume fraction increases from 0 to 3% at Re = 500, the pressure drop of microchannel plate fin heat sinks with ε = 0.5 increases by 9%. It is demonstrated that the effect of the entrance region is crucial for evaluating the performance of microchannel plate fin heat sinks. The study may shed some light on the design and optimization of microchannel heat sinks.
Analysis of Pouch Performance to Ensure Impact Safety of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Yoo Sunggoo , Hong Chonggi , Chong Kil To , Seul Namo
Published: July 2019

The use of mobile devices equipped with embedded batteries is increasing. These embedded batteries are generally lithium-ion batteries in the form of a pouch. However, if an impact is applied to the embedded battery, it can potentially lead to fire and explosion. In this study, we analyzed the safety of the battery, depending on the material and shape of the surrounding pouch. Through tensile strength assessment, an elongation measurement experiment, and impact evaluation, the elements that can improve safety were found. The analysis results confirmed that, as the tensile strength and elongation increased, the impact defect rate decreased. Applying these findings to battery manufacturing can help secure impact safety.
Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Fatimah Is , Sahroni Imam , Fadillah Ganjar , Musawwa Muhammad Miqdam , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra , Muraza Oki
Published: July 2019

Biodiesel has been successfully commercialized in numerous countries. Glycerol, as a byproduct in biodiesel production plant, has been explored recently for fuel additive production. One of the most prospective fuel additives is solketal, which is produced from glycerol and acetone via an acetalization reaction. This manuscript reviewed recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts used in the exploratory stage of glycerol conversion to solketal. The effects of acidity strength, hydrophobicity, confinement effect, and others are discussed to find the most critical parameters to design better catalysts for solketal production. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, resins, hierarchical zeolites, mesoporous silica materials, and clays have been explored as effective catalysts for acetalization of glycerol. Challenges with each popular catalytic material are elaborated. Future works on glycerol to solketal will be improved by considering the stability of the catalysts in the presence of water as a byproduct. The presence of water and salt in the feed is certainly destructive to the activity and the stability of the catalysts.
Determination of the Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potential of a Nickel Mine Mixed Dump through Leaching Tests
Authors: Razote Bernard Jomari B. , Maranan Mark Kenneth M. , Eusebio Ramon Christian P. , Alorro Richard D. , Beltran Arnel B. , Orbecido Aileen H.
Published: July 2019

Carbon dioxide sequestration via mineralization is one of the methods that has the capability to efficiently store carbon dioxide in a stable form. A mixed dump sample collected from a nickel laterite mine in Southern Philippines was tested for its carbon dioxide sequestration potential through HCl leaching tests, employing the Face-Centered Cube (FCC) experimental design for Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Mineralogical analysis performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests the presence of three minerals, namely goethite, khademite and lizardite; additional X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) results, however, established goethite as the main component due to the dominance of iron in the sample. Morphological analyses performed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method suggest high accessible surface area despite considerable variability in sample composition. Leaching tests further confirmed the high reactivity of the mixed dump as high extraction rates were obtained for iron, with the maximum iron extraction efficiency of 95.37% reported at 100 °C, 2.5 M, and 2.5 h. The carbon dioxide sequestration potential of the mixed dump was reported as the amount of CO2 that can be sequestered per amount of sample, which was calculated to be 327.2 mg CO2/g sample using the maximum iron extraction obtained experimentally.
A Ćuk Converter Cell Balancing Technique by Using Coupled Inductors for Lithium-Based Batteries
Authors: Farzan Moghaddam Ali , Van den Bossche Alex
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a c ´ uk converter balancing method by using a coupled inductor for lithium based batteries is investigated. The proposed circuit is an active balancing circuit that will equalize eight battery cells in a series. In electrical vehicles (EV), a battery management system (BMS) is a vital task to achieve the best performance of the batteries and longer lifetime. The problem of voltage difference in a battery pack is an important issue to be improved. To overcome the voltage differences in battery string, an equalizing method is mandatory. The conventional c ´ uk converter requires 2(n − 1) switches to balance n cells, while the proposed circuit requires only n switches for n cells in series. In addition, the proposed developed topology uses coupled inductors instead of un-coupled inductors, unlike the traditional c ´ uk converter balancing method. Since the c ´ uk balancing transfers the energy among two adjacent cells, it requires a proportionately long equalization time particularly for long string battery packs, but the coupled inductor c ´ uk converter type overcomes this problem. The switches are N-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET) to achieve lower drain-source on-resistance, R D S ( o n ) , and less voltage drop as compared to the P-channels. The switches are triggered by complementary signals. The coupled inductor is made in such a way to hold the same magnetizing inductance. It can be done by using five wires in one hand. The circuit contains five inductors, one magnetic core, with five winding for eight cells, and one capacitor for two cells. Therefore, the overall circuitry and complexity of the circuit are reduced, resulting in a more cost-effective and easy to implement circuit. The system also does not demand complicated control for battery equalizing. The experimental circuit was implemented and simulation results were obtained to confirm the validity of the proposed system.
A Novel Bidirectional DC–DC Converter with Low Stress and Low Magnitude Ripples for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Power Systems
Authors: Hussain Alamdar , Akhtar Rizwan , Ali Babar , Awan Saeed Ehsan , Iqbal Shahid
Published: July 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) power is one of the promising solutions to address the fast-growing electricity demand. Electricity generated from the array of solar panels is not fixed due to the continuous change in environmental conditions. Therefore, an efficient power management system is required to facilitate the consumer with an uninterruptable power supply (UPS). When the energy demand is lower than the energy generated by the PV power system, the excessive energy must be stored in batteries and, when the energy demand is higher than the energy generated by the PV system, then the stored energy in the battery must be released in order to fulfil the load demand. Therefore, a bidirectional DC–DC converter is required to store and release energy. Conventional bidirectional converters offer low gain, low power density, low efficiency, high switching stress, and high magnitude of current and voltage ripples. In this paper, a bi-directional DC–DC converter that has low stress and low ripples is proposed for the operation of Stand-alone PV power systems. The proposed converter is implemented in ORCAD/PSPICE (Oregon Computer Aided Design/Personal Computer Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit) and both the charging and discharging modes have been analyzed explicitly. The results were compared with conventional converters and were found to be satisfactory. A significant improvement in the magnitude of output voltage and current ripples has been noticed. Besides, considerable improvement in switching stress (45% reduction as compared with conventional converters) and a 16.6% reduction in the magnitude of ripples was realized.
Energy Management through Cost Forecasting for Residential Buildings in New Zealand
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Liu Zhansheng , Mbachu Jasper
Published: July 2019

Over the last two decades, the residential building sector has been one of the largest energy consumption sectors in New Zealand. The relationship between that sector and household energy consumption should be carefully studied in order to optimize the energy consumption structure and satisfy energy demands. Researchers have made efforts in this field; however, few have concentrated on the association between household energy use and the cost of residential buildings. This study examined the correlation between household energy use and residential building cost. Analysis of the data indicates that they are significantly correlated. Hence, this study proposes time series methods, including the exponential smoothing method and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for forecasting residential building costs of five categories of residential buildings (one-storey house, two-storey house, townhouse, residential apartment and retirement village building) in New Zealand. Moreover, the artificial neutral networks (ANNs) model was used to forecast the future usage of three types of household energy (electricity, gas and petrol) using the residential building costs. The t-test was used to validate the effectiveness of the obtained ANN models. The results indicate that the ANN models can generate acceptable forecasts. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold: (1) Identify the close correlation between household energy use and residential building costs; (2) provide a new clue for optimizing energy management.
Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Ha Yuncheol , Jung Hye Bin , Lim Hyunseung , Jo Pil Sung , Yoon Hana , Yoo Chung-Yul , Pham Tuan Kiet , Ahn Wook , Cho Younghyun
Published: July 2019

Flow-electrode-based capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a desalination process that uses electrostatic adsorption and desorption of ions onto electrode materials. It provides a continuous desalination flow with high salt removal performance and low energy consumption. Since lithium has been regarded as an essential element for the last few decades, the efficient production of lithium from the natural environment has been intensively investigated. In this study, we have extracted lithium ions from aqueous solution by using FCDI desalination. We confirmed that lithium and chloride ions could be continuously collected and that the salt removal rate depends on various parameters, including feed-flow rate and a feed saline concentration. We found that the salt removal rate increases as the feed-flow rate decreases and the feed salt concentration increases. Furthermore, the salt removal rate depends on the circulation mode of the feed solution (continuous feed stream vs. batch feed stream), which allows control of the desalination performance (higher capacity vs. higher efficiency) depending on the purpose of the application. The salt removal rate was highest, at 215.06 μmol/m−2s−1, at the feed rate of 3 mL/min and the feed concentration of 100 mg/L. We believe that such efficient and continuous extraction of lithium chloride using FCDI desalination can open a new door for the current lithium-production industry, which typically uses natural water evaporation.
Axial Thrust, Disk Frictional Losses, and Heat Transfer in a Gas Turbine Disk Cavity
Authors: Hu Bo , Li Xuesong , Fu Yanxia , Gu Chunwei , Ren Xiaodong , Lu Jiaxing
Published: July 2019

The gas turbine is a kind of high-power and high-performance energy machine. Currently, it is a hot issue to improve the efficiency of the gas turbines by reducing the amount of secondary air used in the disk cavity. The precondition is to understand the effects of the through-flow rate on the axial thrust, the disk frictional losses, and the characteristics of heat transfer under various experimental conditions. In this paper, experiments are conducted to analyze the characteristics of flow and heat transfer. To ensure the safe operation of the gas turbine, the pressure distribution and the axial thrust are measured for various experimental conditions. The axial thrust coefficient is found to decrease as the rotational speed and the through-flow rate increases. By torque measurements, the amounts of the moment coefficient drop as the rotational speed increases while increase with through-flow rate. In order to better analyze the temperature field within the cavity, both the local and the average Nusselt number are investigated with the help of thermochromic liquid crystal technique. Four correlations for the local Nusselt number are determined according to the amounts of a through-flow coefficient. The results in this study can help the designers to better design the secondary air system in a gas turbine.
Melting Behavior of Phase Change Material in Honeycomb Structures with Different Geometrical Cores
Authors: Duan Juan , Xiong Yongliang , Yang Dan
Published: July 2019

Honeycomb structure with phase change material (PCM) is frequently used in passive thermal management devices. The geometrical shape of the honeycomb core greatly influences the melting rate of the PCM. This paper investigates the melting rates of PCM in honeycomb cores of non-hexagonal cells in comparison with that of hexagonal cell in three Rayleigh numbers. The objective is to find the optimal shape in order to reduce the melting time of the PCM. The constrained melting behaviors of PCM in triangular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, and circular honeycomb cores are numerically studied. The enthalpy porosity technique and finite volume method are used in this paper. The instantaneous liquid fraction and energy absorption of PCM in different honeycomb cores are discussed in detail. The influences of the placed orientation and aspect ratio of different cores on melting rates of PCM are considered. Results show that the melting rate of PCM in a rectangular core is always higher than the hexagonal core for the given aspect ratio and Rayleigh number. The geometrical factor (GF), which indicates the cross-sectional area per unit perimeter, is found to be an important index on the melting rate. At a small Rayleigh number, it takes a longer melting time of the PCM for the core with a larger GF. As the Rayleigh number is large, the melting time of the PCM is affected by both the GF and the orientation of the cores.
Odours in Sewerage—A Description of Emissions and of Technical Abatement Measures
Authors: Pochwat Kamil , Kida Małgorzata , Ziembowicz Sabina , Koszelnik Piotr
Published: July 2019

Malodorous compounds arise at practically every stage of wastewater management, starting from the sewer network, via the technological sewage-treatment system, through to the sludge-management stage. The formation of hydrogen sulphide is a significant problem even while sewage remains in sewers, as anaerobic conditions prevalent in the network are conducive to wastewater putrefaction, and therefore contribute to increased malodorous emissions. The development of such anaerobic conditions is favoured by the oversizing of conduits or designs that feature inadequate gradients, causing wastewater in the network to stagnate. Where emissions to the air from wastewater occur, they are found to constitute a complex mixture of perhaps even 1000 different substances, produced under varying process conditions. Among those present are compounds of sulphur and nitrogen, chlorinated compounds, and other organics. In Poland, the issue of odour annoyance has not yet been subject to standardisation in either legal or methodological terms. Indeed, as only 11 EU Member States have regulations in place regarding air-quality standards, it is likely that such a law will soon be developed to try and resolve problems with odour annoyance, including those originating in the systems dealing with wastewater. This denotes a need to develop methods of counteracting the formation of odours, and those of a chemical nature are regarded as among the most effective, hence their growing popularity. They also abide by green-technology principles. Against that background, this article seeks to consider the process by which malodorous substances arise in sewer and wastewater-treatment systems, as well as to discuss methods of odour abatement. The work also presents the current legal regulations of relevance to the issue.
Software Defined Wireless Mesh Network Flat Distribution Control Plane
Authors: Elzain Hisham , Wu Yang
Published: July 2019

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), have a potential offering relatively stable Internet broadband access. The rapid development and growth of WMNs attract ISPs to support users’ coverage anywhere anytime. To achieve this goal network architecture must be addressed carefully. Software Defined Networking (SDN) proposes new network architecture for wired and wireless networks. Software Defined Wireless Networking (SDWN) has a great potential to increase efficiency, ease the complexity of control and management, and accelerate technology innovation rate of wireless networking. An SDN controller is the core component of an SDN network. It needs to have updated reports of the network status change, as in network topology and quality of service (QoS) in order to effectively configure and manage the network it controls. In this paper, we propose Flat Distributed Software Defined Wireless Mesh Network architecture where the controller aggregates entire topology discovery and monitors QoS properties of extended WMN nodes using Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) protocol, which is not possible in multi-hop ordinary architectures. The proposed architecture has been implemented on top of POX controller and Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) protocol. The experiments were conducted in a Mininet-wifi emulator, the results present the architecture control plane consistency and two application cases: topology discovery and QoS monitoring. The current results push us to study QoS-routing for video streaming over WMN.
Stabilization of Crystalline Carotenoids in Carrot Concentrate Powders: Effects of Drying Technology, Carrier Material, and Antioxidants
Authors: Haas Klara , Robben Paul , Kiesslich Anke , Volkert Marcus , Jaeger Henry
Published: July 2019

Coloring concentrates of carotenoid-rich plant materials are currently used in the food industry to meet the consumer’s demand for natural substitutes for food colorants. The production of shelf-stable powders of such concentrates comes with particular challenges linked to the sensitivity of the active component towards oxidation and the complexity of the composition and microstructure of such concentrates. In this study, different strategies for the stabilization of crystalline carotenoids as part of a natural carrot concentrate matrix during drying and storage were investigated. The evaluated approaches included spray- and freeze drying, the addition of functional additives, and oxygen free storage. Functional additives comprised carrier material (maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified starch) and antioxidants (mixed tocopherols, sodium ascorbate). Degradation and changes in the physical state of the carotenoid crystals were monitored during processing and storage. Carotenoid losses during processing were low (>5%) irrespective of the used technology and additives. During storage, samples stored in nitrogen showed the highest carotenoid retention (97–100%). The carotenoid retention in powders stored with air access varied between 12.3% ± 2.1% and 66.0% ± 5.4%, having been affected by the particle structure as well as the formulation components used. The comparative evaluation of the tested strategies allows a more targeted design of processing and formulation of functional carrot concentrate powders.
Revealing Mithras’ Color with the ICVBC Mobile Lab in the Museum
Authors: Magrini Donata , Bracci Susanna , Bartolozzi Giovanni , Iannaccone Roberta , Lenzi Sara , Liverani Paolo
Published: July 2019

The National Museum of Rome has an important collection of Mithraic sculptures found in the years 1973–1975 during the archaeological excavation under the early Christian basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian hill in Rome. The sculptures excavated from this Mithraeum show many traces of gilding and polychromy, whose best example is the great bas-relief with Mithras slaying the bull discussed in this work. The analysis was conducted during a scientific campaign in the museum with portable instrumentation of the Institute for Conservation and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage, ICVBC mobile laboratory following a completely non-invasive approach. By means of a protocol based on the use of multispectral imaging, microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), this study allowed to better understand the technique used and to make comparisons with other representations of Mithras slaying the bull.
How Do Anticipated and Self Regulations and Information Sourcing Openness Drive Firms to Implement Eco-Innovation? Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Yu Cheon , Park Junghoon , Hwang Yun Seop
Published: July 2019

Building upon institutional theory and the concept of openness to external sources in terms of breadth and depth, this study investigates the following three understudied drivers of eco-innovation in terms of external and internal factors: Anticipated regulation and self-regulation as external drivers, and information sourcing openness comprised of breadth and importance as internal drivers. Toward this end, this study employs a sample of 1824 Korean manufacturing firms collected from the Korean Innovation Survey 2010, which is compatible with the Oslo Manual and the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS). The current research adopts a multivariate probit model for the nine binary outcome variables and a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model for a count variable. It is found that, both anticipated regulation and self-regulation positively affect eco-process innovation and eco-product innovation across all of the nine eco-innovation types. The empirical findings on the effects of the breadth of external sources and the importance of used information acquired from external sources for innovative activities indicate that both the breadth and the importance have positive impacts on the number of types of eco-innovation with which a firm is engaged.
Involvement of Lhcb6 and Lhcb5 in Photosynthesis Regulation in Physcomitrella patens Response to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Peng Xingji , Deng Xingguang , Tang Xiaoya , Tan Tinghong , Zhang Dawei , Liu Baohui , Lin Honghui
Published: July 2019

There are a number of highly conserved photosystem II light-harvesting antenna proteins in moss whose functions are unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of chlorophyll-binding proteins, Lhcb6 and Lhcb5, in light-harvesting and photosynthesis regulation in Physcomitrella patens. Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 knock-out resulted in a disordered thylakoid arrangement, a decrease in the number of grana membranes, and an increase in the number of starch granule. The absence of Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 did not noticeably alter the electron transport rates. However, the non-photochemical quenching activity in the lhcb5 mutant was dramatically reduced when compared to wild-type or lhcb6 plants under abiotic stress. Lhcb5 plants were more sensitive to photo-inhibition, while lhcb6 plants showed little difference compared to the wild-type plants under high-light stress. Moreover, both mutants showed a growth malformation phenotype with reduced chlorophyll content in the gametophyte. These results suggested that Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 played a unique role in plant development, thylakoid organization, and photoprotection of PSII in Physcomitrella, especially when exposed to high light or osmotic environments.
Roles of p53 Family Structure and Function in Non-Canonical Response Element Binding and Activation
Authors: Cai Bi-He , Chao Chung-Faye , Huang Hsiang-Chi , Lee Hsueh-Yi , Kannagi Reiji , Chen Jang-Yi
Published: July 2019

The p53 canonical consensus sequence is a 10-bp repeat of PuPuPuC(A/T)(A/T)GPyPyPy, separated by a spacer with up to 13 bases. C(A/T)(A/T)G is the core sequence and purine (Pu) and pyrimidine (Py) bases comprise the flanking sequence. However, in the p53 noncanonical sequences, there are many variations, such as length of consensus sequence, variance of core sequence or flanking sequence, and variance in number of bases making up the spacer or AT gap composition. In comparison to p53, the p53 family members p63 and p73 have been found to have more tolerance to bind and activate several of these noncanonical sequences. The p53 protein forms monomers, dimers, and tetramers, and its nonspecific binding domain is well-defined; however, those for p63 or p73 are still not fully understood. Study of p63 and p73 structure to determine the monomers, dimers or tetramers to bind and regulate noncanonical sequence is a new challenge which is crucial to obtaining a complete picture of structure and function in order to understand how p63 and p73 regulate genes differently from p53. In this review, we will summarize the rules of p53 family non-canonical sequences, especially focusing on the structure of p53 family members in the regulation of specific target genes. In addition, we will compare different software programs for prediction of p53 family responsive elements containing parameters with canonical or non-canonical sequences.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Kidney Inflammation
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Fu Xianjun , Chen Qingfa , Patra Jayanta Kumar , Wang Dongdong , Wang Zhenguo , Gai Zhibo
Published: July 2019

As a major component of cell membrane lipids, Arachidonic acid (AA), being a major component of the cell membrane lipid content, is mainly metabolized by three kinds of enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Based on these three metabolic pathways, AA could be converted into various metabolites that trigger different inflammatory responses. In the kidney, prostaglandins (PG), thromboxane (Tx), leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are the major metabolites generated from AA. An increased level of prostaglandins (PGs), TxA2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) results in inflammatory damage to the kidney. Moreover, the LTB4-leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) axis participates in the acute kidney injury via mediating the recruitment of renal neutrophils. In addition, AA can regulate renal ion transport through 19-hydroxystilbenetetraenoic acid (19-HETE) and 20-HETE, both of which are produced by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated by the CYP450 enzyme also plays a paramount role in the kidney damage during the inflammation process. For example, 14 and 15-EET mitigated ischemia/reperfusion-caused renal tubular epithelial cell damage. Many drug candidates that target the AA metabolism pathways are being developed to treat kidney inflammation. These observations support an extraordinary interest in a wide range of studies on drug interventions aiming to control AA metabolism and kidney inflammation.
Interrogating the Essential Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsQ with Fragments Using Target Immobilized NMR Screening (TINS)
Authors: Glas Marjolein , AB Eiso , Hollander Johan , Siegal Gregg , Luirink Joen , de Esch Iwan
Published: July 2019

The divisome is a large protein complex that regulates bacterial cell division and therefore represents an attractive target for novel antibacterial drugs. In this study, we report on the ligandability of FtsQ, which is considered a key component of the divisome. For this, the soluble periplasmic domain of Escherichia coli FtsQ was immobilized and used to screen a library of 1501 low molecular weight (< 300 Da), synthetic compounds for those that interact with the protein. A primary screen was performed using target immobilized NMR screening (TINS) and yielded 72 hits. Subsequently, these hits were validated in an orthogonal assay. At first, we aimed to do this using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), but the lack of positive control hampered optimization of the experiment. Alternatively, a two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectrum of FtsQ was obtained and used to validate these hits by chemical shift perturbation (CSP) experiments. This resulted in the identification of three fragments with weak affinity for the periplasmic domain of FtsQ, arguing that the ligandability of FtsQ is low. While this indicates that developing high affinity ligands for FtsQ is far from straightforward, the identified hit fragments can help to further interrogate FtsQ interactions.
Design and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoformulations for the Delivery of Antifungal Agents
Authors: Calvo Natalia L. , Sreekumar Sruthi , Svetaz Laura A. , Lamas María C. , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Leonardi Darío
Published: July 2019

Among different Candida species triggering vaginal candidiasis, Candida albicans is the most predominant yeast. It is commonly treated using azole drugs such as Tioconazole (TIO) and Econazole (ECO). However, their low water solubility may affect their therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this research was to produce a novel chitosan nanocapsule based delivery system comprising of TIO or ECO and to study their suitability in vaginal application. These systems were characterized by their physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, storage stability, cytotoxicity, and in vitro biological activity. Both nanocapsules loaded with TIO (average hydrodynamic size of 146.8 ± 0.8 nm, zeta potential of +24.7 ± 1.1 mV) or ECO (average hydrodynamic size of 127.1 ± 1.5 nm, zeta potential of +33.0 ± 1.0 mV) showed excellent association efficiency (99% for TIO and 87% for ECO). The analysis of size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the systems at 4, 25, and 37 °C (over a period of two months) showed the stability of the systems. Finally, the developed nanosystems presented fungicidal activity against C. albicans at non-toxic concentrations (studied on model human skin cells). The results obtained from this study are the first step in the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form suitable for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Large Aberration Correction by Magnetic Fluid Deformable Mirror with Model-Based Wavefront Sensorless Control Algorithm
Authors: Wei Xiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Cao Zhan , Mbemba Dziki , Iqbal Azhar , Wu Zhizheng
Published: July 2019

Magnetic fluid is a stable colloidal suspension of nano-sized, single-domain ferri/ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a liquid carrier. The liquid can be magnetized by the ferromagnetic particles aligned with the external magnetic field, which can be used as a wavefront corrector to correct the large aberrations up to more than 100 µm in adaptive optics (AO) systems. Since the measuring range of the wavefront sensor is normally small, the application of the magnetic fluid deformable mirror (MFDM) is limited with the WFS based AO system. In this paper, based on the MFDM model and the relationship between the second moment (SM) of the aberration gradients and the far-field intensity distribution, a model-based wavefront sensorless (WFSless) control algorithm is proposed for the MFDM. The correction performance of MFDM using the model-based control algorithm is evaluated in a WFSless AO system setup with a prototype MFDM, where a laser beam with unknown aberrations is supposed to produce a focused spot on the CCD. Experimental results show that the MFDM can be used to effectively compensate for unknown aberrations in the imaging system with the proposed model-based control algorithm.
Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Disease: Untangling Ariadne’s Thread
Authors: Duni Anila , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Peschos Dimitrios , Dounousi Evangelia
Published: July 2019

Amplification of oxidative stress is present since the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), holding a key position in the pathogenesis of renal failure. Induction of renal pro-oxidant enzymes with excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of dityrosine-containing protein products produced during oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products—AOPPs) have been directly linked to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Vascular oxidative stress is considered to play a critical role in CKD progression, and ROS are potential mediators of the impaired myogenic responses of afferent renal arterioles in CKD and impaired renal autoregulation. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are CKD hallmarks. Oxidative stress promotes inflammation via formation of proinflammatory oxidized lipids or AOPPs, whereas activation of nuclear factor κB transcription factor in the pro-oxidant milieu promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of proinflammatory cells. Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress in various clinical models of CKD, including diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease as well as the cardiorenal syndrome. The scope of this review is to tackle the issue of oxidative stress in CKD in a holistic manner so as to provide a future framework for potential interventions.