bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pattern of Alcohol Consumption and Related Factors in Patients Referred to Referral Hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran (2016-2017)
Authors: Ganji Forouzan , Ahmadi Ali , Zare Salehe , Nasiri Jafar
Published: March 2022

Background and aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of alcohol consumption and its related factors in the patients referring to hospitals. Methods: A hospital-based case control study was carried out in Shahrekord during 2016-2017. A total of 150 individuals who had self-report of alcohol consumption and history of alcoholism entered into the case group based on the convenience sampling method. Likewise, 300 individuals who did not have self-report of alcohol consumption entered into the control group. Group matching was performed based on the date of admission to the hospital, type of disease, complications, and duration of the disease. This study explored the pattern of alcohol consumption variables, spiritual health, quality of life, and general health. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as well. Results: The causes of onset of alcohol consumption were curiosity (41.40%), social class and imitation of others (17.40%), and life problems (15.30%). Further, the causes of continued alcohol consumption were attributed to the interest in taste and smelling (23.30%), emotional problems (20%), as well as loneliness feeling and life problems (12.60%). The mean of general health scores in the case and control groups were 29.8± 5 and 29.3± 4, respectively (P=0.296). The mean of the quality of life in the case group and control group were 32.13± 7 and 32.11± 5, respectively (P=0.98). The differences in the scores of spiritual health in two groups were not statistically significant (P=0.96). Conclusion: An attempt should be made to improve the strategies to satisfy the emotional sense and health recreations of society.
The Southern African Development Community’s Noncommittal Approach to Crisis Management in Zimbabwe: The Need to Look beyond Norms
Authors: Maraire Fungayi Promote , Sani Mohd Azizuddin bin Mohd , Mohamed Siti Darwinda Binti
Published: March 2022

The paper argues for the need to look beyond norms in accounting for the Southern African Development Community’s (SADC) noncommittal approach to crisis management in Zimbabwe as from the year 2000 onwards. To justify this need, the paper highlights some notable limitations in the dominant normative explanations for SADC’s noncommittal approach to Zimbabwe. The paper posits that despite their popularity, norms do not account for SADC’s inconsistent approach to crisis management. Norms therefore, provide a partial and incomplete explanation for SADC’s noncommittal approach to Zimbabwe. The paper concludes that the key factors shaping SADC’s noncommittal approach to Zimbabwe go beyond just norms to include regional power dynamics in SADC. Therefore, this paper recommends extending debate on SADC’s approach to Zimbabwe beyond the currently dominant issue of norms.
Reflecting on the past, present, and future of social security systems in Africa with specific reference to selected countries
Authors: Nhede Norman Tafirenyika
Published: March 2022

The concept of social security is not a new phenomenon to sub-Saharan Africa. Before the introduction of formal social security systems, local communities had their own unique traditional ways of protecting their members from the hazards and vicissitude of life. This paper provides an overview of social security in sub-Saharan Africa. Arguably, high unemployment in the region has contributed towards the rise of the informal sector. Nevertheless, this sector has been precluded from the existing formal social security arrangements. Through an extensive and systematic review of literature on social security, it was established that existing formal social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa are fragmented and lack inclusivity. The findings revealed that the majority of the population is excluded from formal social security schemes because they work in the informal sector. However, the existing formal social security schemes are generally labour-centred and state-regulated. The recommendations include the transformation of existing social security measures to include the informal sector and other vulnerable groups. In light of the low coverage, the social security narrative needs to be revisited. There is a need to integrate and synchronise existing formal social security strategies with traditional social security arrangements in the region.
Cyril Ramaphosa and the rhetoric of a coordinated African response to the Covid-19
Authors: Zondi Siphamandla , Phetha Hlengiwe
Published: March 2022

The unprecedented eff ects of Covid-19 have been felt in the whole world. The impact of the pandemic has drawn sharp fault lines of the world’s inequalities. Covid-19 has changed the Global North and the Global South’s social life, respectively. Whilst Covid-19 appeared to spread rapidly in certain parts of the world, and it seemed as if the pandemic would spare Africa. The state of world aff airs has made African governments feel uncomfortable. Some African governments have started making pronouncements given the long-standing grievances about the region’s status in global aff airs. African governments have seen that the threats of the spread of Covid-19 demands collective and individual action. The geopolitical tussle leaves the developing countries stranded in the new economic order. Covid-19 has shaken the foundations of various institutions and states. Africa’s profound failings are noticeable in public health, food security, governance and infrastructural development. Effective coordination of the Covid-19 crisis requires functioning state institutions, application of judiciary norms, and balancing power for the practice to adapt to the realities across the African continent. The second wave of Covid-19 requires the African Union to use this opportunity to integrate its economic pillars into the Africawide response strategy by using Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the sub-regional blocs of African countries that have existed for decades. The paper concludes that various isolated eff orts made by African countries to deal with the disease and the failure of the continent to adopt a coordinated effort in responding to Covid-19 remain a major challenge. It then recommends that there should be a coordinated approach that goes beyond the rhetoric espoused by South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa in his capacity as AU Chairperson.
Dynamics of Political Entrepreneurship among the Elites in Post-Colonial Zimbabwe
Authors: Tarugarira Gilbert
Published: March 2022

The political arena is now abounding with people who either live ‘off’ or ‘for’ politics. The ferocious competition for people’s votes is akin to economic competition and as this study submits, the politicians are just like business people. Both productive and predatory profit opportunities have pervaded the Zimbabwean political arena where politics is a type of business. Political positions have afforded some people access to economic resources, making politics the quickest way to untold and unending riches. As a result, the political landscape has invited abuse of power thereby decimating not the physical being but the entire moral fibre of the nation. This study shows how Zimbabwean political leaders have turned out to be the primary controllers and distributors of power and resources with the capacity to penetrate society politically and secure their hegemony. Reference is made to politicians belonging to the ruling party Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), where politicians from either party have exhibited, though not uniformly, patterns of misconduct characteristic of political entrepreneurship. This paper applies the theory of the entrepreneur to political behaviour for the purpose of identifying political entrepreneurs and analytically distinguishing them from other government agents.
Análisis estacional de la erosividad de las precipitaciones y la potencialidad de pérdida de suelo en la localidad de Azul
Authors: Ares María Guadalupe , Varni Marcelo , Entraigas Ilda
Published: March 2022

La estimación de la erosividad de las precipitaciones a través del índice EI30 requiere contar con registros detallados de lluvia y su intensidad. Con el objetivo de hallar relaciones que faciliten su estimación se analizan las relaciones entre el factor EI30 y la pluviometría a escala diaria y estacional. Asimismo se estudian la variabilidad estacional de la erosividad y los períodos de potencialidad de ocurrencia de eventos erosivos por desprendimiento se suelo debido a la acción de la lluvia. Los modelos de regresión lineal simple ajustados entre EI30 y datos estacionales de pluviometría alcanzaron mejores ajustes que los que incluyeron datos diarios (r2=0,83 vs r2=0,66). Las regresiones obtenidas para las estaciones (otoño, invierno, primavera y verano) permitieron conocer la dinámica anual de la erosividad. Las precipitaciones más erosivas corresponden al otoño y la primavera, por lo tanto el riesgo potencial de pérdida de suelo por desprendimiento será mayor. Además, la cobertura del suelo es limitada en estos períodos: el manejo y la calidad de los rastrojos o los laboreos pueden favorecer la exposición del suelo a la lluvia. Los modelos ajustados a partir de datos locales permiten simplificar la estimación de la erosividad a partir de una variable sencilla de obtener como la pluviometría.
Vulnerabilidad de unidades de paisaje en una cuenca de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Montico Sergio
Published: March 2022

Las unidades de paisaje que conforman las cuencas poseen atributos que le confieren susceptibilidad a las diferentes amenazas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la vulnerabilidad de la cuenca del arroyo Ludueña (Santa Fe, Argentina) y de sus unidades paisajísticas a problemáticas hídricas mediante un procedimiento de estudio multidimensional. Se seleccionaron indicadores de cinco dimensiones: Ambiental Natural, Ambiental Construida, Social, Política Institucional y Productiva Económica y sus valores fueron definidos por el Método Delphi. Del relevamiento y posterior procesamiento de los indicadores se obtuvo la vulnerabilidad de cuatro unidades de paisaje y de la cuenca. Las dimensiones más vulnerables son la Ambiental Natural, la Productiva Económica y las unidades de paisaje ubicadas en los sectores con peores atributos ambientales. El conocimiento de las vulnerabilidades territoriales posibilita la implementación con mayor precisión, la gestión estratégica de acciones relacionadas con los usos del suelo, el ordenamiento de las áreas urbanas y periurbanas, y la construcción de obras hidráulicas
Validez de la técnica de intensidad instantánea para la extracción de hietogramas de diseño típicos
Authors: Caamaño Nelli Gabriel , Dasso Clarita , García Carlos , Mascuka Ezequiel
Published: March 2022

La ausencia de registros históricos de caudales aptos hace necesario evaluar indirectamente las crecidas de proyecto, mediante transformación de lluvias de diseño, precipitaciones críticas que hipotéticamente ocurrirían en el futuro con determinada frecuencia. La predicción de tales lluvias incluye su distribución temporal característica o hietograma tipo. Una técnica para estimarla es extraer datos de la relación intensidad duración-recurrencia (i-d-T) de las lluvias máximas, alternando con aumentos de duración, como el método de Intensidad Instantánea. Esta técnica produce un hietograma continuo, automáticamente compatible con la relación i-d-T pues de ella se extrae y es factible explicitarlo analíticamente, como es el caso del Modelo DIT (Caamaño Nelli y García, 1999). Los objetivos del presente trabajo son: verificar la ecuación del hietograma tipo de intensidad instantánea que produce el modelo DIT con tres parámetros (Caamaño Nelli et al., 2012), aplicarla con datos de Ceres (Santa Fe) para duraciones breves y comparar los resultados con los de métodos de síntesis (Huff, 1967; Pilgrim y Cordery, 1975). Como resultados, la ecuación del hietograma no varía con la recurrencia, la pérdida de volumen se corrige y la altura del pico se muestra mucho más verosímil. Esto respalda el procedimiento ensayado y lo hace recomendable en ausencia de hietogramas históricos.
Análisis de precipitaciones máximas en Comodoro Rivadavia
Authors: Chachero María Jesús
Published: March 2022

El 14 de enero de 2013, una tormenta de características inusuales azotó la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia, ocasionando daños muy severos en la zona urbana. Según el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, sólo se registraron 9 mm de lluvia, concluyendo que debió de tratarse de un evento localizado, o sobre la alta cuenca con valores casi despreciables en la ciudad. Esto motivó el estudio de otros eventos extraordinarios y su modo de registro, analizando la tormenta del 12 al 14 de abril de 2011, que superó ampliamente los registros oficiales históricos de la región. Debe considerarse que el estudio de la precipitación busca interpretar esos fenómenos, para proporcionar soporte a estudios y proyectos de obras de ingeniería. Estos exigen la determinación de caudales de diseño, siendo indispensable contar con valores confiables de precipitación asociados a recurrencias
derecho al agua
Authors: Orsolini Hugo
Published: March 2022

El 10 de diciembre del año 1948, la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas, mediante Resolución 217 A(III), aprobó la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, incorporando todos los derechos básicos del ser humano, a excepción -curiosamente- de su derecho al agua potable. Fue necesario esperar más de 60 años, para que el 28 de julio del año 2010, a través de la Resolución 64/292, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas reconociera explícitamente el derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento. También escuchamos en los últimos años -en particular en oportunidad de actos eleccionarios- discursos políticos que incorporaban elegantes expresiones reafirmando el derecho el agua, aunque sin aportar siquiera una propuesta “rápida” de cómo garantizar tal derecho, y mucho menos de las herramientas jurídicas para su protección.  En el presente trabajo, se hace mención a los riesgos de las enfermedades hídricas; a las referencias históricas de los derechos humanos, y en particular, del derecho al agua y al saneamiento en la provincia de Santa Fe; y la histórica ausencia de una política en tal sentido; al agua para consumo humano como principal objetivo de la Política Hídrica propuesta; las garantías del derecho al agua, y una propuesta básica de Ordenamiento Jurídico para contar con tales garantías.
Modelación matemática hidro-morfodinámica a escala de cuenca en ríos con lechos de sedimentos no-uniformes
Authors: Basile Pedro , Riccardi Gerardo , Rodríguez José
Published: March 2022

En el presente trabajo se describe el desarrollo y posterior aplicación del modelo hidro-morfodinámico espacialmente semidistribuído a escala de cuenca, denominado TEDRI-1D7C (Transporte y Erosión-Deposición en RIos - 1 Dimensional 7 Clases granulométricas). El modelo simula integralmente, desde la transformación lluvia-caudal y la alimentación sólida, en forma espacialmente agregada a escala de subcuenca, hasta la propagación distribuida de caudales (líquidos y sólidos) y los procesos de erosión-deposición en el curso principal. En particular, a lo largo del río, el modelo simula la evolución espacial y temporal de: i) caudal líquido (y variables de flujo asociadas), ii) transporte de sedimentos (fondo, suspensión y total) por clases granulométricas, iii) procesos de erosión-sedimentación y iv) cambios de composición granulométrica del lecho, en ríos aluviales con lechos de sedimentos no-uniformes y pendientes superiores al 0.2 %. El modelo fue calibrado con experimentos realizados en canales de laboratorio, ya sea con lechos de sedimentos de grava como de arena. Asimismo, el modelo fue aplicado en la cuenca del Aº Marea (Chubut), para simular crecidas de diseño extraordinarias, a corto y largo plazo. Las comparaciones de los resultados del modelo con las mediciones disponibles muestran que el modelo reproduce adecuadamente la hidromorfodinámica en ambas aplicaciones.
Equipo editorial 2019
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2022

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Equipo editorial 2021
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2022

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Does Influencer Marketing Really Improve Sustainable Brand Awareness and Sales?
Authors: Ferina Nadia , Sri Gede , Putu Luh
Published: March 2022

The disruption era has pushed all business activities to move to digital. The emergence of these digital activities also made many brands try to maintain their existence by increasing digital marketing activities, one of which is influencer marketing. The use of this influencer technique is on the rise, but it is also reaping various controversies about the result of its application because not all business fields experience the optimal result of increasing brand awareness and sales. The purpose of the study is to determine whether influencer marketing can improve sustainable brand awareness and sales, especially for start-up businesses.This research was conducted in Denpasar City with a phenomenological qualitative method to find out what the informants thought about the influencer marketing phenomenon to improve sustainable brand awareness and sales. Resource persons were interviewed in-depth. The data validity method is source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that influencer marketing affects the improvement of brand awareness temporally. Brands must be adaptive to apply other strategies and take advantage of the momentum to achieve optimal sales. The challenges that exist can be minimized by brands related to actively selecting influencers and adapting to other digital marketing methods, as well as conducting good communication before and after collaboration. Influencer marketing is the right marketing technique in the disruption era but must be accompanied by other marketing strategies to support maximum results.
Analyze Modified Extended Information Technology Continuance toward Continuance Intention of Administration Information System
Authors: Hutami Lusia Tria Hatmanti
Published: March 2022

This study emphasizes the importance of the role of technology in the form of information systems in an educational service institution by using an information system application that is used by the academic community on a daily basis. The purpose of this study is to analyze post-usage usefulness and facilitating conditions through or not through satisfaction to achieve continuance intention related to Administrative Information Systems (SIA) at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta. This study uses a modification of the Extended Information Technology Continuance (ITC). This study uses AMOS 22 path analysis and a total sample of 343 students in accounting and management programs. The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted except for the direct effect of facilitating conditions toward continuance intention. These results strengthen the impact of satisfaction on continuance intention regarding the practice of using technology. The implication of the results indicates that the use of available information system applications, although satisfactory, must still be monitored and developed in order to ensure continued user satisfaction.
The Influence of Product Placement on Brand Awareness of Ellips Hair Vitamin on Indonesia's Next Top Model Youtube Channel
Authors: Emilia Emilia
Published: March 2022

This research is conducted based on the phenomenon of Indonesia’s Next Top Model (further abbreviated to INTM) on YouTube which appearing the product of Ellips hair vitamin and the appearance is continuously being talked about by viewers on social media. No wonder, it seems to impact the activity of social media of Ellips itself. The research aims at finding out whether product placement influences brand awareness of Ellips hair vitamin or not. The quantitative method in this research is engaged by using a questionnaire instrument spread to the population which is the subscribers of Indonesia's Next Top Model on YouTube. The questionnaires are shared to a hundred samples gained by systematic random sampling technique. A series of tests are also conducted, namely data analysis test by using classic assumption tests, correlation coefficient test, determination coefficient test, simple linear regression test, and hypothetical test. The result shows that the activity of product placement influences positively and significantly on Ellips brand awareness as well as having a strong and direct relationship. The variable of product placement and brand awareness has a good recapitulation value of percentage which is above 80% of the whole dimension from both variables. By keeping on going on remarkable performance on product placement, it will also increase brand awareness of Ellips. To conclude, the next activities on product placement shall choose which media or program that is more attractive or engaging to the viewers accordingly to the target market of Ellips
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF MICRO SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSMEs) Ar BY APPLYING THE TUYUL MODEL DESIGN (FAITH, EFFORT, BELIEVE, TENACITY, AGILE)
Authors: Unismuh Rustan , Jam'an Andi , Arsal Muryani , Adiningrat Andi Arifwangsa , Marhumi Sitti
Published: March 2022

The study had a long-term goal for the practicality of the TUYUL model developed in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) businesses and to measure the effectiveness of the TUYUL model in developing MSMEs businesses. The specific target to be achieved is to be able to become entrepreneurial in producing products in the development of MSMEs. In this study, the analytical method used was a multiple linear regression analysis. The analytical method that had been used by the author was an applied qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis was carried out by using a qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the average percentage level of the given model was 98.60%. The model strategy was very easy to use for those who had been starting a business or those who had been running in the current state of the pandemic. The benefit of the model did not need to have a lot of capital to start a business, a strong determination to believe that every effort had to have a result accompanied by prayer
Genocide, ethical imperatives and the strategic significance of asymmetric power: India’s diplomatic and military interventions in the Bangladesh Liberation War (Indo-Pakistan War of 1971)
Authors: Bose Rudrajit
Published: March 2022

This paper seeks to understand if the political, legal and ethical imperatives of a humanitarian war justified Indian military intervention in East Pakistan. It examines the asymmetric, dynamic national power equations that shaped the Bangladesh Liberation War and the genocide that preceded the conflict. At the height of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, this conflict was a key flashpoint in South Asia. This research was undertaken through a qualitative literature review with the help of declassified archival documents and media from numerous national archives and government databases across the world. Aided by emerging insights, perspectives and research, this paper seeks to evolve, extend and expand our existing understanding of events as they unfolded within the overall matrix of this conflict. The results show that India’s ability to align its foreign policy and media narratives to its military objectives while adroitly managing big power rivalry holds lessons for how smaller states might compel strategic concessions from big powers and global institutions. This requires them to navigate both the asymmetry of national power and the asymmetry of attention during a conflict to secure their interests. In conclusion, recent times have seen an increasing trend for major global powers and alliances to declare war in the name of humanitarianism. The political and ethical imperatives of a humanitarian war in 1971 dovetailed seamlessly with larger Indian strategic goals and was one of the catalysts for the eventual unanimous adoption in 2005 of the global political commitment known as Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the United Nations.
Análisis de casos por Problemas del Contexto: una experiencia de formación en Educación normal
Authors: Cancino Santizo Juan Pablo , Vázquez Antonio José Manuel
Published: March 2022

Las prácticas pedagógicas y didácticas del profesorado en Educación Normal se basan primordialmente en el enfoque de la pedagogía tradicional o academicista. Por lo anterior, en el presente estudio se expuso una experiencia de formación centrada en la estrategia de Análisis de Casos por Problemas del Contexto (AC-PC) con un enfoque socioformativo, aplicada con estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria. La metodología implementada fue la investigación acción formativa, mediante un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de campo. Las acciones clave consistieron en planificar y aplicar el AC-PC considerando el diagnóstico del grupo escolar; retroalimentar el desempeño de los estudiantes durante todo el proceso formativo y finalmente, realizar una autoevaluación de toda la experiencia de formación para identificar logros y sugerencias de mejora. Se concluye que la experiencia de formación contribuyó a la mejora e innovación de las prácticas pedagógicas en Educación Normal, por lo tanto, es necesario apoyarse de estrategias didácticas como el AC-PC, para superar la pedagogía academicista y garantizar el logro de las metas de aprendizajes en los estudiantes. Se sugieren nuevos estudios para fundamentar los instrumentos de diagnóstico y la metodología didáctica empleada.
Diseño y validación de un Instrumento para diagnosticar la atención de los problemas del contexto desde el enfoque socioformativo
Authors: Carrillo Ruiz Miriam , Luna Conejo Margarita Berenice
Published: March 2022

Uno de los grandes desafíos de la socioformación, ha sido responder a las necesidades de la actual sociedad del conocimiento, para este enfoque, el quehacer debe estar puesto en la atención de los problemas del contexto, más que en los contenidos temáticos. Sin embargo, faltan instrumentos pertinentes y fiables para evaluar y/o diagnosticar este tipo de abordajes educativos. El propósito de la presente investigación fue realizar el diseño y validez de contenido de un instrumento para diagnosticar desde la percepción de los estudiantes, su formación en la atención de los problemas del contexto, desde el enfoque socioformativo. La metodología fue de corte descriptivo e interpretativo; para la validez del instrumento se utilizó la técnica de revisión por parte de un grupo de jueces expertos para determinar su grado de relevancia, así como su redacción, obteniéndose una concordancia entre los jueces de conformidad con el coeficiente V de Aiken aplicado de 0.92 y 0.87 respectivamente, con una significación de p<0,05. Entre los principales resultados se resalta que el instrumento está acorde con los avances teóricos de la socioformación y cumple con los criterios de validez de contenido a los que fue sometido por parte de los jueces expertos.
Las competencias necesarias del profesorado de matemáticas en la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Larios Trejo Jesús Antonio
Published: March 2022

Los índices de rendimiento académico en el área de las matemáticas en México se encuentran por debajo de los esperados, nuestro país se ha mantenido en los últimos lugares en pruebas estandarizadas que permiten realizar estas comparaciones. Dichos resultados pueden deberse, entre otros factores, a la preparación de los profesores a cargo de estas asignaturas. Este documento tiene como objetivo identificar las necesidades de formación de los profesores de matemáticas desde un enfoque socioformativo, mediante el análisis documental de los planes de estudios y perfil de egreso de diversas universidades encargadas de la formación del docente de matemáticas, obteniendo como resultados las competencias que favorecen dichas licenciaturas y sus necesidades principales, con lo cual se llega a la conclusión de mejorar y reestructurar las áreas del conocimiento de los futuros profesores del área.
Adherencia a las medidas preventivas del COVID-19 en la población mexicana durante la segunda fase de la pandemia
Authors: Mota González Cecilia , Calleja Nazira , Carreño Meléndez Jorge , Gómez López María Eugenia , Sánchez Bravo Claudia
Published: March 2022

Con base en los protocolos de la OMS, México estableció medidas de prevención de la COVID-19. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las variables sociodemográficas que influyen en la adherencia a tales medidas y examinar si el padecer enfermedades de riesgo afecta el apego a ellas. Con una metodología transversal, descriptiva y correlacional, una muestra no probabilística de 3028 mexicanos respondió un cuestionario vía Internet. Lavarse las manos e informarse de la pandemia fueron las medidas más frecuentes dentro del hogar; evitar el saludo de beso y abrazo, así como lugares concurridos resultaron las más practicadas fuera de casa. En la adherencia a las primeras se obtuvieron diferencias por edad, escolaridad y ocupación; en las segundas, influyeron, además, el sexo, la presencia de hijos y la región del país en la que habitaban los encuestados. Padecer hipertensión, diabetes, afecciones cardiacas o VIH/SIDA se relacionó con la mayor adherencia a las medidas fuera de casa. Los hallazgos del presente estudio pueden contribuir significativamente al diseño de estrategias para incrementar la adherencia a las medidas de prevención del contagio de la COVID-19, en particular en población de riesgo.
In sala parto si può sgravare?
Authors: Di Carlo Miriam
Published: March 2022

I nostri lettori ci hanno rivolto molte domande sull’uso e l’origine del verbo sgravare con il significato di ‘partorire’.
INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) AND THE PROCESS OF ELECTORAL CONDUCT IN NIGERIA: THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTION POSTPONEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE OUTCOME AND PERFORMANCE OF THE 2019 GENERAL ELECTION
Authors: SAMBO USMAN , SULE BABAYO
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effects of election postponement on the outcome and performance of the 2019 General Election, as well as practices of Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the Process of Electoral Conduct in Nigeria. The study adopts a case study design and utilizes a qualitative approach in which both primary and secondary data were collected/engaged. The data were analysed and interpreted, using thematic analytical process. The main findings reveal that postponement of general election in Nigeria is gradually becoming the norm and/or a re-occurrence practice. It was also found that the postponement did impact negatively on the outcome and performance of the same, arising from low voters’ turnout. Crucially, it also observes that the country suffered economic loss worth billions of Naira. The study suggests a fully funded and equipped INEC with all its needs and logistics provided and three months to a year period provided, before elections are conducted could be an important panacea.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND FIRMS’ PRODUCTIVITY: A STUDY OF FIDO WATER FACTORY IN YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AKARARA, EBIERINYO AYEBAEMI
Published: March 2022

The paper interrogates leadership styles and firms’ productivity in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The study is domiciled in Fido water factory. Primary data were sources on the different leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, strategic, and transactional) with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. While secondary data were collected on Earning Assets to Total Assets Ratio, Liquid Assets to Total Assets Ratio, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Cost to Income Ratio and Profit which are used to form an index for firms’ productivity. Both correlation and regression analyses are also used to analyze the data. Finding shows that, for the understudied firm, autocratic style of leadership has an inverse relationship with the productivity of the firm, while democratic, strategic and transactional leadership style all have positive and significant impact on the productivity of the firm, with democratic leadership style showing a high level of dominance. It is thus concluded that leadership style influences the productivity of a firm. It is recommended among others that democratic, strategic and transactional leadership should exist within the organization, and leaders (managers) should display sound organizational culture through interpersonal relation, dialogues and transparency
BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY AND HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN NIGERIA: CASE OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (2009-2018)
Authors: OLAWALE YEMISI , IDRIS RIDWAN TOSHO
Published: March 2022

The article examines the activities of Boko Haram insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria and the proliferation of Internally Displaced Persons (1DPs) between 2009 and 2018. The outbreak of Boko Haram insurgency heralded a new phase in Nigeria’s insecurity challenges. Boko Haram which started as a religious sect metamorphosed into a high-intensity violent organisation in terms of operations, attacks, and sophistication and proved to be a potent force affecting the social, economic, and political developments of the state. The study adopts exploratory research techniques that rely on secondary sources of information to understand the linkage and intricacies between human security and conflict. This article speaks to broader debates of IDPs and the utility of Nigeria’s current approach and frameworks for addressing protracted displacement and humanitarian crises. The article argues that the dimension and deep suffering of IDPs, government attitudes to its responsibilities on IDPs, and gross violation of IDPs human rights are particularly products of government’s failure to give legislative backing to some of its regulatory frameworks and policies on IDPs. The article concludes that government’s failure to accord necessary statutory and legal support to some of these policy frameworks is one of the essential factors responsible for the fragile protection of IDPs. Given this, governments at all levels must embark on the urgent task of securing a comprehensive framework for IDPs.
The Effect Supervision on Teacher Performance through TPACK as Mediating Variable
Authors: Singerin Sarlota
Published: March 2022

The teacher as a component in the learning process has an important role in integrating technology in learning activities carried out in schools. The phenomenon that occurs when many teachers still have low competence is evidenced by the competency test scores that are still below standard. On the other hand, the demands of the 21st century require teachers to be able to combine learning with technology, therefore the application of TPACK in learning is considered relevant to the developments and demands of the times. This study aims to determine the effect of teacher training and supervision on teacher competence mediated by the TPACK variable. This research is a quantitative study with the required data in the form of numerical data. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 100 teachers who were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the structural technique Equation Model (SEM) assisted by the smart PLS application. The results showed that teacher training had a significant positive effect on teacher performance with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Teacher supervision has no significant positive effect on teacher performance with a p value of 0.329 (p> 0.05). Teacher training has a significant positive effect on TPACK competency with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Teacher supervision has a significant positive effect on TPACK with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). TPACK is able to mediate the effect of training on teacher performance. with a p-value score of 0.000 (p <0.05). TPACK is able to mediate the effect of supervision on teacher performance with a p-value of 0.004 (p <0.05). In facing the development of science and technology, therefore teachers must be able to prepare themselves to develop teaching activities with science and technology.
Covid-19 Pandemic As An Excuse Of Non-Performance Of Contractual Obligations From Transnational Law Perspective
Authors: Calista Nawangsari Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has greatlyinfluenced the world’s economic situation. Its lethal potential as well as its drastic effects on international contracts, would lead to the post-pandemic litigation and arbitration questioning the applicability of the doctrines of force majeure, frustration, and hardship as an excuse of non-performances of several contractual obligations amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This research will discuss on the matter of the applicability of the aforementioned doctrines and its subsequent effects to excuse a non-performing party. Methods: This research uses normative juridical method with descriptive analytical approach by researching library materials and secondary data. Results: Invoking the force majeure clause requires the event to occur externally beyond the obligor’s control; the event and its consequences could not reasonably avoided or overcome by the obligor based on an external event not by their own fault. On the other hand, contracts can be frustrated under several bases, such as changes in the law, supervening illegality, outbreak of war, cancellation of an expected event, and abnormal delay outside what the parties could have reasonably contemplated at the time of contracting. While the requirements of hardship encompass the occurrence of an event for which the obligor has not assumed the risk, non-foreseeability, unavoidability and the causing by the event of a fundamental economic disequilibrium in the contract. Conclusion: To apply the doctrines of force majeure, frustration, and hardship as an excuse of non-performance of contractual obligations during an unprecedented event such as the COVID-19 outbreak, it must be assessed on a case-by-case basis of the language of the contract in light of the governing law and the circumstances of the parties’ commercial relationship.
Pengaruh CSR Communication dan Service Innovation Terhadap Word of Mouth Dimediasi oleh Corporate Reputation
Authors: Mirza Syahputra Denny , Nyak Baik Ridwan
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan bisnis secara online atau e-commerce telah mengubah metode belanja tradisional konsumen dimana aktivitas berbelanja secara online mengubah metode belanja konvensional menjadi metode yang lebih sederhana, nyaman dan membayar barang secara online yang dapat dilakukan kapan dan dimana saja. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengukur CSR Communication dan Service Innovation Terhadap Word of Mouth dimediasi oleh Corporate Reputation. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui survei, datanya akan digunakan untuk menguji Hipotesis (Hypotheses Testing). Hasil: Hasil Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 hipotesis penelitian yang menunjukkan pengaruh langsung terhadap variabel terikat dan 1 hipotesis penelitian yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh langsung terhadap variabel terikat. Kesimpulan: CSR Communication berpengaruh terhadap Word of Mouth dimediasi oleh Corporate Reputation, Service Innovation berpengaruh terhadap Word of Mouth dimediasi oleh Corporate Reputation, CSR Communication dan Service Innovationberpengaruh terhadap Word of Mouth dimediasi oleh Corporate Reputation.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Lansia Tentang Diet Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Sarimatondang Kecamatan Sidamanik Tahun 2021
Authors: Paulina Damanik Jesica
Published: March 2022

LatarBelakang: Pengetahuan penderita tentang DM merupakan  sarana  yang dapat  membantu  penderita menjalankan penanganan diabetes  selama hidupnya sehingga semakin banyak dan semakin baik penderita mengerti tentang  penyakitnya semakin mengerti bagaimana harus mengubah perilakunya. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan lansia di Puskesmas Sarimatondang Kecamatan Sidamanik tahun 2021. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling dimana sampel sebanyak 73 responden. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan 20 pertanyaan. Hasil: Hasil penelitian pengetahuan lansia tentang diet diabetes melitus terdapat kategori pengetahuan baik 57 responden (78%), kategori pengetahuan cukup yaitu 11 responden (15%), dan kategori pengetahuan kurang 5 responden (7%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang diet diabetes melitus.
Experimental Test of Hydram Pump Model in Utilization of Artesian Well Water Flow
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Ulum Bahrul , Nur M. Fathuddin
Published: March 2022

A hydraulic ram is a device for moving fluid from a lower place to a higher place. Hydram pumps have the same function as pumps in general. The driving energy of the hydraulic ram pump comes from the pressure of the water entering through the suction pipe into the pump. By using the energy of a large enough flow of water at a low place, the water will flow to a higher place with less water flow capacity. The capacity of water flowing to a higher place depends on the difference in pressure between the suction pipe and the pump discharge pipe. The design of the hydraulic ram pump in the form of a model is used to distribute water sourced from artesian wells. The calculation results show that the maximum pump capacity of 2.11 x 10-4 m3/s occurs at the suction valve opening 90° and the discharge valve opening 90°, and the minimum capacity 0.51x10-4 m3/s occurs at the suction valve opening 90° and the discharge valve opening 20 °. The maximum pump head of 4.34 m occurs at 90° suction valve opening and 90° discharge valve opening, and the minimum 1.33 m pump head occurs at 90° suction valve opening and 20° discharge valve opening. The maximum water power of 0.0119 Hp occurs at 90° suction valve opening and 90° discharge valve opening, and the minimum water power occurs at 90° suction valve opening and 20° discharge valve opening.
Costs and Resource Use Among Patients with Cervical Cancer, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Genital Warts in Algeria
Authors: Bennacef Ali-Chakib , Khodja Aomar A. , Abou-Bekr Fadi A. , Nodal Tidiane , Holl Ryan , Benčina Goran
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer rates in North Africa have risen in the last 10 years, suggesting that
this region might benefit from cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs. To assess
the potential benefits of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination in North African countries,
country-specific data on the prevalence and burden of HPV-related conditions are needed.
Objectives: To describe the patterns and estimate the costs of management of cervical cancer, cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital warts in Algeria.
Methods: This was a descriptive analysis of questionnaire data obtained from a panel of 15 oncologists,
gynecologists, and dermatologists (n=5 each). Data on diagnostic and treatment patterns, recurrence,
and healthcare resource use (HCRU) were obtained. The costs (in Algerian dinars) associated with
diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence were estimated.
Results: Diagnosis of CIN was obtained by cytology tests or lesion biopsies; for cervical cancer, lesion
biopsies, MRI, and CT scans were the most common diagnostic tests. For CIN, 70% of gynecologists
and oncologists regularly or always used conization as a treatment. Treatments used regularly or always
for cervical cancer included chemotherapy (80%), hysterectomy (70%), and radiation (70%). Annual
HCRU per institution included 20 outpatient visits and 15 hospitalizations for CIN, and 50 outpatient
visits and 11 hospitalizations for cervical cancer. For genital warts, diagnostic tests performed regularly or
always included assays for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis; cervical cytology; and colposcopy.
Cryotherapy was the universal first-line treatment. Median per-patient costs associated with diagnosis,
treatment, and recurrence were 6750, 19 750, and 77 750, respectively, for CIN; 53 750, 650 000, and
431 250, respectively, for cervical cancer; and 16 075, 15 500, and 9250, respectively, for genital warts.
Discussion: These results give an estimate of the HCRU and cost of cervical cancer, CIN, and genital
warts and highlight the need to assess more precisely the epidemiology of these diseases in Algeria.
Conclusions: This study investigated the management of patients with cervical cancer, CIN, or genital
warts in Algeria and provided the first estimates of diagnosis and treatment patterns, HCRU, and costs
associated with these conditions. These resource use and cost estimates highlight the need to develop
prevention strategies for HPV-related pathologies.
Parents and Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Early ‎Reading Intervention Implemented as a Curriculum for ‎Children with Learning Disability
Authors: Alotaibi Asst. Prof. Dr. Bander Mohaya
Published: March 2022

Stakeholder and parent preceptive have an influence on children’s educational performance of early reading stages. The purpose of this study was to understand stakeholders’ perspectives of early reading skills as a curriculum for early readers with learning disabilities. This study used a quantitative method to identify perspectives of stakeholders and parents. Data were collected from 25 public elementary in the metropolitan area of Hail City. Data were analyzed with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to investigate effects and interactions between variables. The results indicated that 93% of parents and stakeholders strongly agreed on the importance of reading skills as follows: phonological awareness, phonics, and fluency. Also, participants’ role had a significant impact on the variables of perspective while age of participants had non-significant impact. Also, educational levels of participants had no significant affect and impact on the perspective. But, when grouped two variables, participants’ role by Age interaction had a significant effect on the combined dependent variables. Also, participants’ role by education level interaction had significant impact on participant’s perspective. Participants’ role’s by age by educational level interaction had significant impact on the perspective.
Historical Development of Modern States and Police Organizations
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Mehmet , KAVSIRACI Ozan
Published: March 2022

New political and economic structures entered our lives with the rise of modern states in continental Europe in the 15th century. The feudal political system’s fragmented and layered authority structure has evolved to a single authority. These crucially important shifts in political life shaped today’s state system. New elements of the state organizational structure have emerged. The state’s use of physical violence, sovereignty in a single authority, taxation, and constitutionalism has gained importance. Modern states felt the need to establish new and professional organizations responsible for ensuring the peace and tranquility of its citizens and security within its borders in order to maintain the society’s stability. This responsibility was given to police organizations to ensure public safety and order in cities. To ensure citizens’ security, police organizations began operating under the authority of the legitimate state system, namely the laws. This study looked at important political scientists and the modern state system. Also discussed was the evolution of police organizations in England, France, and Turkey.