bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global burden of lung cancer in women of childbearing age attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution: 1990–2021
Authors: Song Ying‐da , Wang Ruizhe , Wang Jia‐xuan , Tan Xun‐wu , Ma Jun
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the global burden of lung cancer due to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, with a focus on the temporal trends of the lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age.

Results

In 2021, the global mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) number of lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age were approximately 5205 and 247,211, respectively. The rate of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age increased between 1990 and 2021, with the age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increasing from 0.22 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]; 0.13 to 0.33) to 0.25 (95% UI; 0.14 to 0.37; average annual percent change [AAPC] = 0.40) and the age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) increasing from 10.39 (95% UI; 5.96 to 15.72) to 12.06 (95% UI; 6.83 to 17.51; AAPC = 0.41). The middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region, East Asia, and China had the heaviest burden, while the high SDI region showed the highest decrease. ASMR and ASDR exhibited an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the SDI.

Conclusions

From 1990 to 2021, the lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age exhibited an increasing trend. Furthermore, increasing attention should be paid to the middle SDI region, East Asia, and China, as ambient PM pollution remains a critical target for intervention.
Angiogenesis and multiple myeloma: Exploring prognostic potential of adrenomedullin
Authors: Giannakoulas Angelos , Stoikos Panagiotis , Kouvata Evangelia , Kontouli Katerina M. , Fotiadis Georgios , Stefani Georgia , Amoutzias Grigorios D. , Vassilopoulos George , Giannakoulas Nikolaos
Published: September 2024

Background

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide which under basal conditions mainly regulates vasodilation and maintains vascular integrity but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). It has been shown that adrenomedullin is expressed by human myeloma cell lines and that it enhances MM‐driven angiogenesis. However, the clinical impact of AM remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

On that basis, we enrolled 32 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) and studied the potential of AM as a prognostic biomarker.

Results

We report that elevated levels of AM trend with suboptimal treatment response and inferior survival of NDMM patients.
Breast cancer risk and prevention in 2024: An overview from the Breast Cancer UK ‐ Breast Cancer Prevention Conference
Authors: Stordal Britta , Harvie Michelle , Antoniou Michael N. , Bellingham Michelle , Chan Doris S. M. , Darbre Philippa , Karlsson Oskar , Kortenkamp Andreas , Magee Pamela , Mandriota Stefano , Silva Elisabete , Turner James E. , Vandenberg Laura N. , Evans D. Gareth
Published: September 2024

The Breast Cancer UK—Breast Cancer Prevention Conference addressed risk from environmental pollutants and health behaviour‐related breast‐cancer risk. Epidemiological studies examining individual chemicals and breast cancer risk have produced inconclusive results including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Bisphenol A, per‐ and polyfluorinated alkyl substances as well as aluminium. However, laboratory studies have shown that multiple EDCs, can work together to exhibit effects, even when combined at levels that alone are ineffective. The TEXB‐α/β assay measures total estrogenic load, and studies have provided evidence of a link between multiple‐chemical exposures and breast cancer. However, prospective studies using TEXB‐α/β are needed to establish a causative link. There is also a need to assess real‐life exposure to environmental‐chemical mixtures during pregnancy, and their potential involvement in programming adverse foetal health outcomes in later life.

Higher rates of breast cancer have occurred alongside increases in potentially‐modifiable risk factors such as obesity. Increasing body‐mass index is associated with increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer, but with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, lower rates of breast cancer in Asian compared to Western populations have been linked to soya/isoflavone consumption. Risk is decreased by breastfeeding, which is in addition to the decrease in risk observed for each birth and a young first‐birth. Risk is lower in those with higher levels of self‐reported physical activity. Current evidence suggests breast‐cancer survivors should also avoid weight gain, be physically active, and eat a healthy diet for overall health.

A broad scientific perspective on breast cancer risk requires focus on both environmental exposure to chemicals and health behaviour‐related risk. Research into chemical exposure needs to focus on chemical mixtures and prospective epidemiological studies in order to test the effects on breast cancer risk. Behaviour‐related research needs to focus on implementation as well as deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cancer prevention.
Acanthus ornament generation using layout subdivisions with parameterized motifs
Authors: Komeda Yuka , Umezawa Wataru , Mukai Tomohiko
Published: September 2024

Acanthus ornaments frequently adorn Western architectural designs. The placement of these motifs varies according to the decorative object, with some having motifs arranged in a grid pattern. In this study, we propose a procedural modeling system aimed at generating acanthus ornaments on a planar surface. The proposed approach initially establishes the layout of boundary grids for acanthus motifs by subdividing the target surface into nonuniform grids. Subsequently, the medial axis line of the acanthus motif is generated to optimally conform to each boundary grid, employing a parameterized representation of deformable motifs. The three‐dimensional motif shapes are ultimately constructed from the medial axis, with the shape parameters adjusted to improve aesthetic appeal. The proposed system generates various acanthus ornaments through rule‐based layout subdivisions, offering users the option to select their preferred design while adjusting the motif shapes with a few manual parameters.
Human action recognition in immersive virtual reality based on multi‐scale spatio‐temporal attention network
Authors: Xiao Zhiyong , Chen Yukun , Zhou Xinlei , He Mingwei , Liu Li , Yu Feng , Jiang Minghua
Published: September 2024

Wearable human action recognition (HAR) has practical applications in daily life. However, traditional HAR methods solely focus on identifying user movements, lacking interactivity and user engagement. This paper proposes a novel immersive HAR method called MovPosVR. Virtual reality (VR) technology is employed to create realistic scenes and enhance the user experience. To improve the accuracy of user action recognition in immersive HAR, a multi‐scale spatio‐temporal attention network (MSSTANet) is proposed. The network combines the convolutional residual squeeze and excitation (CRSE) module with the multi‐branch convolution and long short‐term memory (MCLSTM) module to extract spatio‐temporal features and automatically select relevant features from action signals. Additionally, a multi‐head attention with shared linear mechanism (MHASLM) module is designed to facilitate information interaction, further enhancing feature extraction and improving accuracy. The MSSTANet network achieves superior performance, with accuracy rates of 99.33% and 98.83% on the publicly available WISDM and PAMPA2 datasets, respectively, surpassing state‐of‐the‐art networks. Our method showcases the potential to display user actions and position information in a virtual world, enriching user experiences and interactions across diverse application scenarios.
Antioxidant Potential and Chemical Evaluation of Extracts from Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia sp.
Authors: Silva Tironi Lucas , Barbosa Moreira Dajara Moana , Dias Bruzadelli Rafaela Franco , Gilberto Ferreira Antonio , Schripsema Jan , Hortolan Luiz Jaine Honorata
Published: September 2024

Antioxidants are compounds that can eliminate free radicals and are known to prevent cell damage and health disorders, in turn, improving the quality of life of human beings. This study aims to evaluate the presence of antioxidants in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts from Lasiodiplodia endophyte, which was previously isolated and cultivated by our research group, given its ability to produce a variety of metabolites with different chemical and biological properties. The antioxidant activities were determined using ABTS+⋅, DPPH and FRAP. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated, as well as the NMR metabolomics of extracts. All extracts showed promising antioxidant activity, and optimal results were achieved between the sixth and eleventh days of fungus cultivation. Furthermore, one of the extracts showed no in vivo toxicity against Galleria mellonella for all tested concentrations. The 1H‐NMR spectra showed that there are two distinct groups of molecules present in EtOAc extracts obtained from Lasiodiplodia cultivation, and the data corroborate the results concerning antioxidant activity for TPC and TFC. This suggests that it is possible to monitor the chemical profile of fungal extracts using NMR, and to correlate compounds within days of fungus cultivation, along with their antioxidant activities.
Assessing Therapeutic Value and Side Effects of Key Botanical Compounds for Optimized Medical Treatments
Authors: Al‐Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur S. , Al‐Shuhaib Jafar M. B.
Published: September 2024

Due to the significance of variable chemical groups across a wide spectrum of modern medicine, it is imperative to determine what is the most widely used group in medical applications with the fewest side effects. Ten compounds from ten chemical groups that are most commonly known for their medical uses were compared in terms of their therapeutic potential and side effects. The comparison among the selected compounds indicated the superiority of the flavonoids over other groups in the multitude of their utilizations and the lower side effects. Kaempferol and quercetin showed higher medical utilization with lower side effects. Whereas alkaloid compounds showed the lowest levels of medical use and the highest levels of side effects. Based on the comparison conducted, it is concluded to give priority to flavonoid compounds being used in medical applications because they exhibit the highest medical uses with the lowest side effects. Within flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin are the two compounds that are highly recommended to be used in the widest range of medical applications. Serious caution should be considered before applying alkaloids to any medical service. Understanding the characteristics of these compounds can aid in developing safer and more effective treatments for medicinal plants.
Essential Oils of The Leaves of Syzygium hemilamprum (F. Muell.) Craven & Biffin.: Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial, Mosquito Larvicidal, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Viet Pham Ty , Luyen Nguyen Dinh , Quan Pham Minh , Hung Nguyen Huy , Huong Vo Thanh , Thuy Ta Thi Thu , Chung Nguyen Thanh , Son Ninh The , Linh Nguyen Ngoc
Published: September 2024

The chemical composition of the essential oil and n‐hexane extract from Syzygium hemilamprum leaves was first performed. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis revealed that the essential oil was predominantly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (71.5 %) and oxygenated derivatives (20.2 %), with β‐pinene (31.5 %), limonene (19.4 %), α‐pinene (12.3 %), and α‐terpineol (7.4 %) being the principal constituents. The n‐hexane extract contained monoterpene hydrocarbons (42.2 %) and non‐terpenic compounds (34.0 %), with β‐pinene (32.8 %) and n‐hexadecane (10.2 %) as the major components. Antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal assays demonstrated that both samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram‐negative), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 128 μg/mL for all tested organisms. Both samples also showed significant mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, with LC50 and LC90 values below 20 μg/mL at 24 and 48 hours post‐treatment. Molecular docking studies suggested that limonene and α‐terpineol could serve as potent inhibitors of mosquito odorant binding proteins. Additionally, an in silico analysis was performed to evaluate the physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity) properties of the major constituents of the essential oil.
Microwave Application in Biomass Conversion: A Review
Authors: Liu Quanwei , Liu Mengmeng , Zhao Kang , Liu Zhen
Published: September 2024

Biomass resources are abundant and have huge production capacity. Reasonably and efficiently converting biomass can not only alleviate the depletion of fossil resources but also protect the environment and promote the green and sustainable development of human society. Microwave is one of the currently highly regarded process intensification technologies. This paper reviews the research progress of microwave technology in biomass pyrolysis, biomass pretreatment, and biomass conversion, and analyzes its technical characteristics. Finally, it summarizes and prospects the application of microwave in the field of biomass conversion.
Chemical Tools for Probing the Ub/Ubl Conjugation Cascades
Authors: Kochańczyk Tomasz , Fishman Michael , Lima Christopher D.
Published: September 2024

Conjugation of ubiquitin (Ub) and structurally related ubiquitin‐like proteins (Ubls), essential for many cellular processes, employs multi‐step reactions orchestrated by specific E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. The E1 enzyme activates the Ub/Ubl C‐terminus in an ATP‐dependent process that results in the formation of a thioester linkage with the E1 active site cysteine. The thioester‐activated Ub/Ubl is transferred to the active site of an E2 enzyme which then interacts with an E3 enzyme to promote conjugation to the target substrate. The E1‐E2‐E3 enzymatic cascades utilize labile intermediates, extensive conformational changes, and vast combinatorial diversity of short‐lived protein‐protein complexes to conjugate Ub/Ubl to various substrates in a regulated manner. In this review, we discuss various chemical tools and methods used to study the consecutive steps of Ub/Ubl activation and conjugation, which are often too elusive for direct studies. We focus on methods developed to probe enzymatic activities and capture and characterize stable mimics of the transient intermediates and transition states, thereby providing insights into fundamental mechanisms in the Ub/Ubl conjugation pathways.
Student Resources and Retention Among Transgender and Nonbinary College Students
Authors: Liss Miriam , Derflinger Talyn , Wilson Laura
Published: September 2024

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) college students are more likely to drop out of college than their cisgender peers. While robust previous literature has focused on individually experienced stressors, this paper looks at the structural supports offered by the institution. One hundred and fifty‐four TNB college students were asked about the resources available on their campuses, their sense of safety on campus, and whether they intended to drop out of college. Campus resources and supports were associated with a greater sense of safety, and in turn, less of a desire to drop out of college. Some resources such as a nondiscrimination policy that includes gender identity, LGBTQ+ student organizations, all‐gender bathrooms, an LGBTQ+ resource center, and a policy allowing nonlegal name changes on official documents were more frequently reported by participants as available, while other resources such as gender inclusive housing and appropriate health services were perceived as less available. However, there was wide variability in the availability of resources. The present study suggests that TNB inclusion policies and practices should be of high priority for higher education institutions.
Seasonal variation in the ultrasonic vocal activity of Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis)
Authors: Farwell Travis A. , Clucas Barbara
Published: September 2024

Most mammals rely on vocal communication to increase survival and reproductive success. While the functions of audible vocalizations have been well‐studied across mammal species, ultrasonic vocalizations in small mammals outside of bats are less understood. North American flying squirrel species (Glaucomys spp.), including the newly described Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis), produce numerous call‐types that extend into the ultrasonic range. To investigate the potential function of ultrasonic call‐types in the Humboldt's flying squirrels, we used ultrasonic recorders to record squirrels in the wild across multiple seasons to determine if there are temporal and seasonal patterns in nightly vocal activity and rates of different call‐types. We recorded Humboldt's flying squirrels in two geographic locations ‐ Humboldt and San Bernardino counties—in California from 2018 to 2022 in the summer and winter across multiple study areas. We found that although seasonal weather conditions differ between locations, flying squirrels in Humboldt and San Bernardino had similar vocal activity patterns across nightly active periods between locations and between summer and winter. Nightly activity patterns of when the three main chirp‐like call‐types (arc chirps, tonal chirps, upsweeps) were given varied between seasons in both geographic locations, and these call‐types were given at greater rates in the summer in San Bernardino, but rates did not vary by season in Humboldt. Trills, the most structurally complex of the four main call‐types, were produced more in the summer than in winter, and also differed in their nightly activity patterns, in both geographic locations. Flying squirrels may use certain call‐types earlier or later in the nightly active period due to their potentially varying functions, and may produce more trills in the summer coinciding with the breeding season. Further understanding of the function of different call‐types can provide insight into social, foraging, and antipredator behavior of this nocturnal and elusive species.
Assessing signs of central sensitization: A critical review of physiological measures in experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia
Authors: Leone Caterina M. , Lenoir Cedric , van den Broeke Emanuel N.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Central sensitization (CS) is believed to play a role in many chronic pain conditions. Direct non‐invasive recording from single nociceptive neurons is not feasible in humans, complicating CS establishment. This review discusses how secondary hyperalgesia (SHA), considered a manifestation of CS, affects physiological measures in healthy individuals and if these measures could indicate CS. It addresses controversies about heat sensitivity changes, the role of tactile afferents in mechanical hypersensitivity and detecting SHA through electrical stimuli. Additionally, it reviews the potential of neurophysiological measures to indicate CS presence.

Databases and Data Treatment

Four databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were searched using terms linked to ‘hyperalgesia’. The search was limited to research articles in English conducted in humans until 2023.

Results

Evidence for heat hyperalgesia in the SHA area is sparse and seems to depend on the experimental method used. Minimal or no involvement of tactile afferents in SHA was found. At the spinal level, the threshold of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (RIII) is consistently reduced during experimentally induced SHA. The RIII area and the spinal somatosensory potential (N13‐SEP) amplitude are modulated only with long‐lasting nociceptive input. At the brain level, pinprick‐evoked potentials within the SHA area are increased.

Conclusions

Mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia is the most reliable behavioural readout for SHA, while the RIII threshold is the most sensitive neurophysiological readout. Due to scarce data on reliability, sensitivity and specificity, none of the revised neurophysiological methods is currently suitable for CS identification at the individual level.

Significance

Gathering evidence for CS in humans is a crucial research focus, especially with the increasing interest in concepts such as ‘central sensitization‐like pain’ or ‘nociplastic pain’. This review clarifies which readouts, among the different behavioural and neurophysiological proxies tested in experimental settings, can be used to infer the presence of CS in humans.
Optimization of Ionomer for High‐Performance Self‐Humidifying Air‐Breathing Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Portable Device Power Systems
Authors: Kim Junho , Choi Hee Ji , Choi Hyukjae , Kang Sun Young , Choi Hosung , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Kim Yunho , La Ilchai , Kim Ok‐Hee , Cho Yong‐Hun , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of ionomer types and content in the catalyst layer on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four commercially available ionomers with varying equivalent weights (EWs) and side‐chain lengths are evaluated as catalyst layer binders in membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs). The assessments are conducted at room temperature and ambient pressure without additional humidification, focusing on understanding the distinctive characteristics of each ionomer. In addition, this study investigates the prospective application of an air‐breathing passive‐type cell, dependent exclusively on natural convection for air supply. The notable performance of the passive‐type cell shown in this study indicates its suitability as a compact mobile power source, especially for drone applications. Furthermore, the stability of various ionomer binders is also compared to establish a correlation between EW and side‐chain length of ionomer binder stability. Overall, the findings will serve as a valuable reference for optimizing ionomer selection and composition in specialized applications for powering portable devices.
Impact of pulsed light treatment on achieving microbial safety, enzymatic stability, and shelf life extension of dragon fruit juice
Authors: Kamble Shatabdi V. , Lele Smita S. , Chakraborty Snehasis , Annapure Uday S.
Published: September 2024

Due to microbial and enzymatic spoilage, dragon fruit juice has a limited shelf life. This study examines the shelf life of dragon fruit juice treated with thermal and pulsed light (PL) processing and stored at 4°C. The thermal treatment at 95°C/3 min and PL treatment at 1.4 J cm−2 produce a microbially safe juice. Both thermal and PL‐treated juice samples were packed in ethylene vinyl alcohol pouches and stored at refrigerated conditions (4°C). The juice's microbial, enzymatic, and biochemical attributes were analyzed over 30 days of refrigerated storage. There is no significant influence (p < 0.05) on total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity. The thermally treated juice loses 36% of the total phenols and 22% of antioxidants. The loss of bioactive compounds is higher in thermal than in PL treatment. The shelf life of PL‐treated juice is 25 days, and thermal treatment juice is 30 days, based on the microbial analysis (6 log10 CFU mL−1). The study affirms the potential of PL treatment as an alternative technique for preserving dragon fruit juice.
Identification of immune infiltration and PANoptosis‐related molecular clusters and predictive model in Alzheimer's disease based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Mei Jin‐Lin , Wang Shi‐Feng , Zhao Yang‐Yang , Xu Ting , Luo Yong , Xiong Liu‐Lin
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the expression profile of PANoptosis‐related genes (PRGs) and immune infiltration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database, this study investigated the differentially expressed PRGs and immune cell infiltration in AD and explored related molecular clusters. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to analyze the expression of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes in different clusters. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was utilized to find co‐expressed gene modules and core genes in the network. By analyzing the intersection genes in random forest, support vector machine, generalized linear model, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), the XGB model was determined. Eventually, the first five genes (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Superfamily Member 1B, Interleukin 4 Receptor, Chloride Intracellular Channel 1, TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 10B) in XGB model were selected as predictive genes. This research explored the relationship between PANoptosis and AD and established an XGB learning model to evaluate and screen key genes. At the same time, immune infiltration analysis showed that there were different immune infiltration expression profiles in AD.
Effects of finitude salience and value orientation on the feeling of being moved
Authors: Kato Juri
Published: September 2024

Stories sometimes move us; this study examined the factors that strengthen the perception of core values based on the core value goodness hypothesis of being moved. Focusing on the infinity of core values, we hypothesised that the reaffirmation of the finite nature of human beings would emphasise core values. This study examined the factors that promote being moved: finitude salience and value orientation. The participants responded to a family value scale. Subsequently, a descrambling task to manipulate finitude salience was used. The participants composed sentences such as “Everything that exists in this world is finite” and primed finitude. Subsequently, they watched a video on the theme of family love and rated their feelings. From the results, we found that (a) the participants oriented towards the value themed in the video (i.e., love) were more strongly moved by it; and (b) when finitude was salient, people oriented towards the themed value in the video were moved more strongly by it than those who were not. This suggests that the feeling of being moved occurs when we recognise an infinite core value, in contrast to our finite existence.
Osseointegration and Histopathological Evaluation of Titanium–Titanium Diboride Composite Compared to Pure Titanium Implant Materials Prepared by Powder Metallurgy (In Vivo Study)
Authors: Aljafery Ali Mohammad Ali , Fatalla Abdalbseet A. , Haider Julfikar
Published: September 2024

The efficacy and osseointegration rate of an implant depend on its biocompatibility. Modern implantology seeks fast and reliable osseointegration, which is essential for clinical success. The objective of this research was to assess the osseointegration and biocompatibility of a titanium–titanium diboride composite (Ti‐TiB2) in rabbits in contrast to those of pure titanium (Ti). A total of 64 cylindrical implant specimens were fabricated, consisting of two sets: pure Ti (32 implants) and Ti‐TiB2 composite (32 implants). In this study, two implants were implanted per tibia (left and right tibias) in 16 white male New Zealand rabbits, for a total of four implants per rabbit (4 × 16 = 64 implants). A pushout test was used to assess implant specimen‐bone bonding after 2 and 6 weeks of healing. The experiment utilized five rabbits per healing phase, which means that 20 implants per time point were used for the pushout tests. (10 for pure Ti and 10 for the composite). Histology was used to examine the tissue response to biocompatibility, and histomorphometry was used to measure new bone growth at the two time points. With three rabbits per time point, 12 implants were employed for the histological analyses. After implantation, the pushout shear strength results revealed that the mean shear strength of the Ti‐TiB2 implant specimens (5.4 ± 0.029 MPa for 2 weeks, 7.9 ± 0.029 MPa for 6 weeks) was statistically greater (p < 0.0001) than that of the pure Ti implant specimens (5.1 ± 0.015 MPa for 2 weeks, 6.6 ± 0.047 MPa for 6 weeks). After 2 weeks, woven bone tissues were observed around the pure titanium implants, and active osteoid tissue around the composite implants exhibited significant differences in new bone formation areas (NBFAs) (0.54 ± 0.004 mm2 for Ti and 0.65 ± 0.003 mm2 for the composite). After 6 weeks, there was new bone formation with osteocytes around the pure titanium implants (NBFA of 2.44 mm2) and osteoid maturation with the observation of reversal lines around the composite implants (NBFA of 2.89 mm2). The developed Ti‐TiB2 material was biocompatible and demonstrated superior bone growth compared to that of the pure Ti materials after 2 and 6 weeks.
Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA for Detecting Lung Cancer Mutations by Targeted Next‐Generation Sequencing With Insufficient Tumor Samples
Authors: Sun Yi , Zhang Xu , Yang Xinhua , Ma Jiangjun
Published: September 2024

Background

Circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) is increasingly applied in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore clinical utility of a minimal invasive and sensitive way of ctDNA for next‐generation sequencing in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with inadequate tumor samples.

Methods

Targeted DNA sequencing was performed on tissue biopsies and matched plasma samples from 60 patients with NSCLC.

Results

A total of 13 driving genes were detected in 60 matched tissue DNA (tDNA) and ctDNA samples. Overall concordance rate was 75.47%, with 77.55% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were the most common in both tDNA and ctDNA samples. Among other mutated genes were tumor protein p53 (TP53), erb‐b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), ros proto‐oncogene 1, and receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1). Mutations in b‐raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274), neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1), and rearranged during transfection (RET) occurred only in plasma. The majority of mutations in both samples were single‐nucleotide variants. Deletions were found in EGFR, BRAF, and TP53 in ctDNA, whereas in tDNA, deletions were only found in EGFR. In ALK, single nucleic acid‐site amplification occurred simultaneously in tissue and plasma, but insertions and copy number variations were detected only in plasma.

Conclusions

Identifying ctDNA mutations by targeted sequencing in plasma is feasible, showing the clinical value of ctDNA‐targeted sequencing in NSCLC patients when tumor tissue sampling is insufficient or even impossible.
Role of ultrasound in diagnosing gravid uterine incarceration
Authors: Dong Yanhua , Liu Mengyuan , Dong Xiaozhen , Li Jie , Li Hezhou
Published: September 2024

Objective

To summarize the ultrasound characteristics, diagnostic experiences, and pregnancy outcomes of gravid uterine incarceration.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of pregnant women diagnosed with gravid uterine incarceration by prenatal ultrasound at the Ultrasound Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2023. Clinical data, ultrasound features, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.

Results

In this study, a total of 23 pregnant women were included. Of these, eight were diagnosed in early pregnancy, and 15 were diagnosed in mid‐pregnancy. Seven participants had concurrent uterine fibroids, 10 had a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery, and two had ovarian cysts. A total of 13 cases presented with symptoms of urethral obstruction, three with rectal pressure symptoms, five cases with tight and stiff lower abdomen and two cases without special discomfort. Seventeen cases exhibited cervical compression with thinning and elongation, measuring approximately 39 to 73 mm. All 23 cases underwent manual or knee‐chest positioning repositioning, with one case requiring surgical intervention. Ultimately, 22 cases resulted in full‐term live births, one case experienced fetal demise at 24 weeks and one case experienced gravid uterine incarceration again in the third week after successful manual reduction, and manual reduction was performed again.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis is critical for obstetric management and clinical prognosis, facilitating the successful release of the incarcerated uterus. The earlier the diagnosis, the higher the likelihood of successfully releasing the incarcerated uterus.
Extracellular vesicles derived from melanoma cells induce carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts via miR‐92b‐3p mediated downregulation of PTEN
Authors: Kewitz‐Hempel Stefanie , Windisch Nicola , Hause Gerd , Müller Lutz , Sunderkötter Cord , Gerloff Dennis
Published: September 2024

In melanoma, carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cellular components in the tumour microenvironment due to their potential to promote tumour growth and metastatic spread of malignant cells. Melanoma cells have the ability to affect non‐tumour cells in the microenvironment by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). The mechanisms responsible for reprogramming normal dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) into CAFs remain incompletely understood. However, it is likely thought to be mediated by melanoma‐specific miRNAs, which are transported by EVs derived from melanoma cells. Therefore, we wondered if one of the most enriched miRNAs in EVs secreted by melanoma cells, miR‐92b‐3p, is involved in the conversion of normal fibroblasts into CAFs. We observed that melanoma cell‐derived EVs indeed delivered miR‐92b‐3p into NHDFs and that its accumulation correlated with CAF formation, as demonstrated by enhanced expression of CAF marker genes and increased proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR‐92b‐3p in NHDFs revealed similar results, while EVs deficient of miR‐92b‐3p did not induce a CAF phenotype. As a target we identified PTEN, whose repression led to increased expression of CAF markers. We thus provide a novel pathway of intercellular communication by which melanoma cells control the transformation of CAFs by virtue of EV‐transported miRNAs.
Single‐centre experience of implementing physiotherapist‐led prehabilitation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy
Authors: McCourt Orla , Maciocia Paul , Roddie Claire , Hwang Angela , Wood Leigh , Panopoulou Aikaterini , Springell Deborah Ann , Al Bakir Maise , O'Reilly Maeve
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This report outlines the evaluation of physiotherapist‐led prehabilitation/rehabilitation for recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy.

Methods

A hybrid approach was used, incorporating in‐person assessment of quality of life and functional capacity (6‐min walk test and timed sit‐to‐stand test), and a personalised home exercise programme with remotely delivered physiotherapist support pre/post‐admission.

Results

Functional deficits were prevalent at referral for CAR‐T. Prehabilitation and rehabilitation were highly acceptable to patients, and improvements in functional capacity were documented pre‐admission.

Conclusion

This data highlights the importance of pre‐CAR‐T functional assessment and prehabilitation to optimise preparation and recovery.
Activation of the mPFC‐NAc Pathway Reduces Motor Impulsivity but Does Not Affect Risk‐Related Decision‐Making in Innately High‐Impulsive Male Rats
Authors: Arrondeau Chloé , Urueña‐Méndez Ginna , Marchessaux Florian , Goutaudier Raphaël , Ginovart Nathalie
Published: September 2024

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are characterized by exacerbated motor and risk‐related impulsivities, which are associated with decreased cortical activity. In rodents, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been separately implicated in impulsive behaviors, but studies on the specific role of the mPFC‐NAc pathway in these behaviors are limited. Here, we investigated whether heightened impulsive behaviors are associated with reduced mPFC activity in rodents and determined the involvement of the mPFC‐NAc pathway in motor and risk‐related impulsivities. We used the Roman High‐ (RHA) and Low‐Avoidance (RLA) rat lines, which display divergent phenotypes in impulsivity. To investigate alterations in cortical activity in relation to impulsivity, regional brain glucose metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography and [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). Using chemogenetics, the activity of the mPFC‐NAc pathway was either selectively activated in high‐impulsive RHA rats or inhibited in low‐impulsive RLA rats, and the effects of these manipulations on motor and risk‐related impulsivity were concurrently assessed using the rat gambling task. We showed that basal [18F]FDG uptake was lower in the mPFC and NAc of RHA compared to RLA rats. Activation of the mPFC‐NAc pathway in RHA rats reduced motor impulsivity, without affecting risk‐related decision‐making. Conversely, inhibition of the mPFC‐NAc pathway had no effect in RLA rats. Our results suggest that the mPFC‐NAc pathway controls motor impulsivity, but has limited involvement in risk‐related decision‐making in our current model. Our findings suggest that reducing fronto‐striatal activity may help attenuate motor impulsivity in patients with impulse control dysregulation.
Criminal Genius or Everyday Villain? A Comparison of Malevolent Creativity Among Prisoners, Police Officers, and the General Population
Authors: Perchtold‐Stefan Corinna M. , Szabó Enikő , Rominger Christian , Fink Andreas , Opris Laura , Pataky Nóra
Published: September 2024

Criminals allegedly use effective novelty to intentionally exploit and harm others (creative fraud, theft, and murder). However, empirical evidence that criminals possess higher malevolent creativity than individuals without criminal backgrounds is lacking. We compared a male sample of prisoners in a maximum‐security penitentiary (n = 140), police officers (n = 122), and the general population (n = 106) on three different aspects of malevolent creativity: self‐reported malevolent creativity behavior (MCBS), willingness to engage in malevolent creativity on a test (MCT), and malevolent creativity potential on that test (reduced n = 285). Group comparisons (ANOVAs) differed for different malevolent creativity aspects: Prisoners reported more malevolent creativity behavior in daily life (MCBS) than nonprisoners, which may reflect their alleged criminal personality or the effects of confinement on creative coping with threat. However, prisoners also performed worse than police officers in generating creative ideas for taking revenge on others (MCT). No differences in initial willingness to engage in malevolent creativity (MCT) emerged. This discrepancy of self‐report and ability is discussed from several angles, including suitability of the applied measures and heterogeneity of prison populations. This study constitutes the first empirical insights into the often hypothesized but rarely tested malevolent creativity expression in the criminal mind.
Job Demands, Moral Disengagement, and Employee Behavior During the Pandemic: The Role of Family–Work Enrichment Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Siddiqui Eram Fatima , Ghosh Koustab , Sharma Dheeraj
Published: September 2024

During crises like pandemics, organizations often face substantial disruptions that significantly increase job demands (JDs) on employees. This study investigates the impact of high JDs on moral disengagement (MD) and subsequent employee behaviors. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, we hypothesize that excessive JDs undermine self‐regulatory mechanisms, resulting in MD and affecting counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and extra‐role behaviors (ERBs). Additionally, we employ the conservation of resources theory to examine how family–work enrichment (FWE) can encourage ERB, potentially mitigating negative outcomes. To test our hypotheses, a two‐wave time‐lagged survey was conducted among hospital staff members during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings support our theoretical model, demonstrating that high JDs deactivate self‐regulatory systems, leading to MD and varied behavioral outcomes. However, FWE fosters ERB even among morally disengaged employees. This study advances the literature by elucidating the mechanisms of MD and highlighting the role of family support in promoting positive behaviors during crises. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed, offering insights for managing employee well‐being and performance in challenging times.
Data Analytics Capability Transforms Risk Management and Firm Performance
Authors: Fallahieh Moloud Soltanian , Mohezar Suhana , Kanapathy Kanagi
Published: September 2024

In the contemporary globalized business environment, the escalating complexity in supply chains has led organizations to face an array of burgeoning risk factors. To address these challenges, firms strive to enhance their visibility across various supply chain levels by equipping themselves with the ability to scrutinize operational activities and effectively manage supply chain risks. This study employed a quantitative approach by administering a survey questionnaire to 158 manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) was utilized to examine the anticipated relationships. By drawing on organizational information processing theory principles, this study investigates the influence of supply chain operational reference (SCOR)—based data analytics capability (SCOR‐DAC) in bolstering firm performance by developing a more secure, risk‐averse enterprise, and improved strategic alignment. Additionally, this study investigates the mediating role of supply chain and risk management performance in the relationship between SCOR‐driven data analytics and organizational performance and the interaction between business strategy alignment and SCOR‐DAC. The study accentuates the notion that the capacity to manage disruptions, attained through improved risk management performance, positively impacts a firm's performance. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of the synergy between data analytics and organizational strategies in constructing a holistic approach to risk management and performance enhancement. The findings offer valuable insights for companies aiming to enhance risk management and improve overall performance by increasing investments in data analytics and fostering a data‐driven culture for consistent business growth.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Han Xiao
Published: September 2024

In the diagnosis of gynecological tumors, determining the benign or malignant nature of adnexal masses is a crucial and complex issue. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively novel and increasingly used diagnostic method. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic value of CEUS in differentiating benign and malignant adnexal masses through meta‐analysis and systematic review. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to April 2024 regarding the use of CEUS in diagnosing benign and malignant adnexal masses. STATA 14.0 software was used for data analysis, pooling the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of eligible studies. After initial screening, 305 studies were identified, 13 of which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and DOR of CEUS for the diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masses were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.95), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.93), 8.00 (95% CI: 5.00–12.90), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06–0.14), and 91.00 (95% CI: 45.00–185.00), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97). CEUS is a noninvasive, nonradiative imaging modality with high accuracy and reliability in the diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masses. To provide an effective adjunct tool in the clinic, future studies can further explore the specific application value of CEUS and its performance in different populations.
Choice of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Facility in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Patel Aman M. , Maxwell Russell , Brant Jason A. , Brody Robert M. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Carey Ryan M.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Undergoing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) at the same facility has been associated with higher overall survival (OS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our study investigates whether undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is associated with higher OS compared with separate facilities in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).

Methods

The 2006 to 2017 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with SNSCC undergoing surgery at an academic facility followed by aRT with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable binary logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were implemented.

Results

Of 419 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, 299 (71.4%) underwent surgery and aRT at the same academic facility. Residence in a less populated area (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.99, p = 0.042) and surgical facility case volume (aOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.21–5.21, p = 0.014) were associated with undergoing surgery and aRT at different facilities on multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient demographics, clinicopathologic features, and adjuvant therapy (p < 0.05). Five‐year OS was higher among patients undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility (64% vs. 55%, p = 0.039). Undergoing surgery and aRT at different facilities remained associated with worse OS on multivariable Cox regression (aHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.09–3.32, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is associated with higher OS in SNSCC. Academic physicians should carefully consider the recommendation of aRT treatment facility based on the level of benefit that the patient may derive from coordinated multidisciplinary care.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:705–715, 2025