bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omsorg for socialt udsatte børn – en analyse af pædagogers kompetencer og pædagogiske arbejde med socialt udsatte børn i daginstitutioner
Authors: Petersen Kirsten Elisa
Published: February 2023

Resumé:Denne artikel er en sammenfattende præsentation af mit afsluttede ph.d.-projekt, der fokuserer på professionelle pædagogers arbejde med socialt udsatte børn i daginstitutioner. Herværende artikel præsenterer projektets fokusområder, metode og centrale resultater. Projektet placerer sig teoretisk og empirisk inden for den danske professionsforskning, der omfatter traditionen for ikke skolastisk læring og er samtidig funderet i en kritisk psykologisk teoriramme, med særligt fokus på at udvikle viden fra et subjektperspektiv. Metodisk anlægges et praksisforskningsperspektiv med inddragelse af professionelle pædagoger i fire udvalgte daginstitutioner
Situeret projektering i et byggeprojekt
Authors: Axel Erik
Published: February 2023

ResuméForfatteren har udført en deltagerobservation, hvor han har fulgt projekteringen af et menighedshus. Fra disse observationer præsenteres projekteringen af en parkeringsplads til menighedshuset. Materialet bliver analyseret som et udviklingsforløb, og det bliver argumenteret, at et sådant kun kan forstås på en praksisforståelse, der inddrager de subjektive aspekter af menneskers praksis, og viser deres relationer til de sammensatte og modsætningsfyldte betingelser i praksis. Der argumenteres for, at projekteringen er situeret, at den er en aktuel materiel ting under projekteringen, der eksiste- rer som gensidige forpligtelser om fremtidige aktiviteter på baggrund af deltagernes erfaringer og betingelser. Det fremdrages, hvorledes projekteringen reguleres situeret med redskaber, og den situerede brug af faseinddelinger og budgettering analyseres
Der finder læring sted
Authors: Szulevicz Thomas
Published: February 2023

Denne artikel argumenterer for nødvendighe- den af at tematisere, hvorledes social praksis foregår fra et lokaliseret udgangspunkt. Ar- tiklen tager udgangspunkt i den topografiske vending (Hastrup, 2005), der aktuelt foregår, hvor rum, materialitet og krop rehabiliteres som vigtige aspekter i forståelsen af social praksis. Artiklen diskuterer forskellige aspek- ter ved den erkendelsesmæssige rehabilitering af materialitetens betydning for social praksis. Der præsenteres to forskellige perspektiver på, hvorledes topografiske perspektiver, med udgangspunkt i forståelsen af læring, kan te- matiseres og inddrages i analyserne af social praksis. Det første perspektiv er et overordnet analytisk perspektiv, hvor der argumenteres for, at enhver forståelse af social praksis må tage sit udgangspunkt i, at mennesker altid indgår i et praktisk og lokaliseret engagement med deres omgivelser.

Det andet perspektiv er en konkret analyse af et rums fysiske rammers betydning for læ- ring. I den sammenhæng hævdes, at et land- skabs/rums arkitektoniske udformning opstiller bestemte handlebetingelser og dermed også særlige betingelser for læring.

Afslutningsvist diskuterer artiklen en række potentielle problemstillinger knyttet til et to- pografisk perspektiv.
Kreativitetens materialitet
Authors: Tanggaard Lene
Published: February 2023

Denne artikel undersøger materielle forhold af betydning for kreativitet. Mens kreativitets- forskning traditionelt set har været optaget af de intellektuelle og individuelle færdigheder, der understøtter kreativitet såsom evnen til divergent tænkning, så forstås kreativitet i denne artikel som en integreret del af sociale praksisser. Følgende tre hovedpunkter frem- hæves: 1) Kreativitet er langt mere hverdagslig og kollektiv end psykologiske kreativitetsteo- rier i hovedreglen tillader os at se og forstå. 2) Der er et tæt forhold mellem kontinuitet og fornyelse, hvilket generelt set er overset i megen kreativitetsforskning. 3) Der eksisterer en tæt relation mellem menneske og redskab i kreativitetsprocessen, hvilket nødvendiggør et materialiseret og relationelt blik på selve kreativitetsprocessen.
Etik som praktisk viden i kontekst
Authors: Mathiassen Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Artiklen diskuterer etik i dybdegående, ud- forskende, kvalitative interviews. Forfatteren argumenterer for, at etik i sådanne interviews på den ene side angår at tage vare på inter- viewpersonen på en måde, så denne ikke ud- sættes for unødig risiko i betydningen emotio- nelle kvaler. På den anden side argumenteres for, at en overdreven bestræbelse på at tage vare på den anden kan resultere i en omvendt paternalisme, hvor muligheder i interviewper- sonens agens ikke anerkendes i tilstrækkeligt omfang. Artiklen illustrerer den kontinuerlige etiske udfordring i kvalitativ udforskning af særligt følsomme emner med eksempler fra to af forfatterens seneste kvalitative empiriske forskningsprojekter. Det ene projekt omhand- ler voksne menneskers erindrede erfaringer med at blive udsat for mobning i deres skoletid. Det andet drejer sig om kvinders afsonings- forhold i danske fængsler. Der argumenteres for, at etik er noget, som forskeren løbende må forholde sig til, idet etik er en del af hele forskningsprocessen, og ikke kan overstås med overholdelse af præfabrikerede retningslin- jer og procedurer. Derfor er etik i kvalitativ empirisk forskning i høj grad en kontekstuel praktisk viden, der udvikles i fællesskab med andre, forhandles undervejs i et interview og trækker på etik, der eksisterer og virker i en given kultur.
Geometric influence of anterior cerebral artery rotation on the formation of anterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Heng Sokhoeun , Lee Sung Ho , Bae Jin Woo , Choi Young Hoon , Yoo Dong Hyun , Kim Kang Min , Cho Won-Sang , Kang Hyun-Seung , Kim Jeong Eun
Published: February 2023

Objective: Several particular morphological factors that contribute to the hemodynamics of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) have been documented, but no study has investigated the role of the degree of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) rotation on the presence of ACoA aneurysms (ACoAAs).Methods: A retrospective study of an institutional aneurysm database was performed; patients with ruptured or nonruptured ACoAAs were selected. Two sex- and age-matched control groups were identified: control Group A (nonaneurysms) and control Group B (middle cerebral artery aneurysms). Measurements of ACA rotation degree were obtained by using a three-dimensional imaging tool.Results: From 2015 to 2020, 315 patients were identified: 105 in the ACoAA group, 105 in control Group A, and 105 in control Group B. The average age at the time of presentation was 64 years, and 52.4% were female. The ACA rotation degree of the ACoAA group was significantly higher than that of control Group A (p <0.01). The A1 ratio and the A1A2 ratio of the ACoAA group were greater than those of control Group A (p <0.01 and p <0.01, respectively). The ACA rotation degree correlated insignificantly with aneurysm size in ACoAA patients (p=0.78). The ACA rotation degree in the ACoAA group was also insignificantly different from that in control B (p=0.11).Conclusions: The degree of ACA rotation was greater in the ACoAA group than in the nonaneurysm group, and it may serve as an imaging marker for ACoAA.
A necessidade do suplemento nutricional como construção de um argumento: uma aleturgia capturada dos discursos do marketing?
Authors: Pereira Filho Jeferson Mendonça , Padilha Thayze Pinto Cândido , Costa Flávia Zimmerle da Nóbrega , Costa Cristiane Salomé Ribeiro
Published: February 2023

A relevância social dada aos cuidados para com o corpo em termos de saúde e estética indica tanto a importância das interações nos espaços sociais virtuais para construção de entendimentos do que sejam verdades e realidades, como demonstra a agencia de consumidores. Nos debates, cuidar da saúde e da estética do corpo parece ser entendido como uma espécie de responsabilidade que se tem para consigo e para o outro, na medida em que esse é um discurso entendido como “verdadeiro”. Em seus argumentos, esses consumidores se apropriam recorrentemente da palavra necessidade para se defender o consumo ou não de suplementos nutricionais. Utilizando o pensamento foucaultiano, objetivamos refletir a partir do corpo, alvo de intervenções, concebido como uma realidade biopolítica arquitetada, o lugar que ocupa tais necessidades e estabelecer a sua relação para com os discursos do marketing. Concluímos que na sociedade de controle, com a lógica de mercado estendida para o social, os discursos do marketing estão sob o mesmo regime dos corpos e, a necessidade, um de seus pilares, é capturada como uma aleturgia para sustentar os argumentos construídos por consumidores.
A trajetória política do biogás no Brasil sob a ótica da perspectiva multinível (PMN)
Authors: Da Silva Everaldo , Da Cunha Sieglinde Kindl , Dos Santos Danielle Denes
Published: February 2023

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória política do biogás no Brasil segundo a Perspectiva Multinível (PMN). Trajetória política é entendida como o conjunto de eventos políticos que constituem o caminho percorrido por uma dada transição para a sustentabilidade. A política, por sua vez, é entendida como uma dimensão do regime que é influenciada por pressões tanto da paisagem quanto do nicho sociotécnico. Nesse contexto, a política pode ser usada para criar barreiras às inovações e manter a posição dominante dos atores do regime, ou pode facilitar seu avanço. Portanto, esta pesquisa classifica-se como pesquisa documental com foco na Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (RenovaBio) promulgada em 2017. Sua realização envolveu pesquisa documental em diversas instituições nacionais e internacionais. Os principais resultados apontam para uma política construída com base em metas obrigatórias, Créditos de Descarbonização (CBIOs) e certificação de biocombustíveis. A partir daí, a regulamentação do RenovaBio, a pandemia da COVID-19 e a tributação dos CBIOs surgem como principais acontecimentos. Conclui-se que o RenovaBio surge como resposta ao Acordo de Paris que provocou a adaptação do sistema sócio-técnico dos combustíveis fósseis no Brasil.
Aplicação do MASP: promoção da etapa planejamento (P) do ciclo pdca, visando melhorias no sistema de tramitação de ordens de serviço de uma instituição financeira
Authors: Tahara Niels Kim da Silva , De Amorim Daniel Meireles , Vera Flávio Sabathe
Published: February 2023

O artigo em questão aborda a elaboração de um plano de ação fundamentado na fase P do Ciclo PDCA para a solução de um problema no setor de manutenção de um centro de serviços de logística de uma instituição financeira. Através da realizaçãoo de Brainstorming com os responsáveis pelo setor, foram levantados diversos problemas, a seleção foi feita durante a fase crítica da técnica e optou-se pela pendência na alteração do status das ordens de serviço por parte das agências, conforme será detalhado no estudo de caso. Ainda nesse contexto, explicam-se as técnicas utilizadas defendidas por diversos autores pesquisados.
Comparative Assessment of Commercially Available and Silver Dioxide Surface Modified Fixed Orthodontic Lingual Retainer for its Anti-Adherent and Anti-bacterial Properties: A Research Protocol for an In-vitro study
Authors: Kathade Anjali Sudhakar , Gilani Rizwan , Gilani Rozina
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Enamel gets demineralised when they get exposed to acidic environment. Very common issue seen after orthodontic treatment is white spot lesion and also there is a chance of inflammation in periodontal fibres if the fixed lingual retainer is given to the patient. Furthermore, it enhances the plaque and calculus accumulation. So, to minimise these deleterious effects, lingual retainer is modified by surface coating with silver dioxide which shows anti-bacterial and antiadhesive properties. Aim: Assessment of anti-adherent and anti-bacterial properties of silver dioxide (AgO2 ) surface modified Orthodontic lingual retainer against S.mutans. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study will use 60 orthodontic lingual retainer specimens. The samples will be divided into four groups for testing with 15 specimens in each group. The samples will be divided into four groups : two control groups with commercially available lingual retainer will be used for assessing anti-bacterial and anti-adhesion properties and other two will be of surface treated lingual retainer for testing. Bacterial strains will be taken with sample size 15 in each group then the preparation of photocatalytic silver dioxide-coated orthodontic lingual retainer. Even coating will be ensured by sputtering technique and thickness of coating will be 50-60 nm. Chi-square test will be used to analyse differences in categorical variables. Expected outcome: The photocatalytic (AgO2 ) coated retainer will reduce the bacterial accumulation and adhesion. Conclusion: Surface modification of lingual retainers with photocatalytic AgO2 will reduce the bacterial adhesion which can be used to prevent the formation of dental plaque and demineralization orthodontic treatment, thereby preventing demineralization of enamel and periodontal breakdown.
An Unconventional Presentation of Mucormycosis in a 10-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Tripathy Anannya , Krishnan Lakshmi , Thomas James , Singh Harsh
Published: February 2023

Since the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been several unusual presentations of mucormycosis in India, especially amongst immune-competent adults. COVID-19 infection has been found to have profound effects on the patient’s immunity and some patients, though asymptomatic for COVID-19, can be infected by mucormycosis and develops dangerous complications. Skin involvement of the orbital, zygomatic and maxillary areas is a common occurrence in extensive cases of rhinoorbital mucormycosis, however, isolated involvement of the alar skin is an extremely rare occurrence in such patients. Paediatric cutaneous mucormycosis is by itself a rare entity, seen majorly in children with history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, chemotherapeutic treatment, or patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections, herpes and other lifethreatening viral infections. Patients receiving long-term steroid therapy are also predisposed to invasive fungal infections. This case was about a 10-year-old boy presented with a black crusted lesion over the nose to the otolaryngology outpatient department. The patient had history of contact with a COVID-19 positive individual. Examination revealed a necrotic patch over the palate and Non Contrast CT Scan of (NCCT) the paranasal sinuses showed pansinusitis. A KOH mount showed fungal elements and the patient underwent emergency debridement of nasal skin with endoscopic sinus and palatal debridement. Injectable liposomal Amphotericin-B was started. Over a period of one month, the patient showed significant clinical improvement. Though rare, sinonasal mucormycosis can present in the form of a cutaneous lesion which is an unconventional symptom. A general awareness amongst healthcare professionals, with a multidisciplinary approach, timely diagnosis and specialist intervention can improve outcomes in this sinister disease.
Assessment of Length-Weight Relationship of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) from Qua Iboe River Estuary, Southeastern, Nigeria
Authors: Glory Ubong Nkanta, , Nsikak Okon Abiaobo , John Etitigwun Ukpatu
Published: February 2023

The Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) of Oreochromis niloticus from the Qua Iboe River Estuary was studied for 12 months; from April 2021-March 2022. Fish samples were collected from the catches of artisanal fisheries using various mesh sizes of gill and cast nets. The b values in males ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean of 2.7333   0.2743 while that of the females varied between 2.41 and 2.930 with a mean value of 2.7075  0.1804). The overall growth coefficient in the LWR (W=aLb) ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean value of 2.72±0.04. Both males and females recorded negative allometric growth, and the exponents were significantly less than isometric (p<0.05). Higher b values were recorded in males. There was no significant difference between the b-values of males and females (p> 0.05) during this study with the respective exponential relationships. These data indicated that the length-weight relationships were similar in both sexes during the study period. A higher b-value was recorded in the wet season but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the dry (November-March) and wet season (April-October).This study provides the basic information which could enhance production potential of O. niloticus and its sustainable development, culture and management in Qua Iboe River Estuary,Nigeria.
Microbiological Profile of Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, J&K. India
Authors: Gulzar Binish , Farhana Anjum
Published: February 2023

Background: Worldwide, bacteremia is one of the serious infections that cause significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. A wide range of microorganisms have been implicated in the etiology of BSIs. Early detection of these pathogens along with the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have been shown to improve treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the microbiological profile of BSIs in a major tertiary care hospital in North India.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Srinagar. Blood samples submitted in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for culture and sensitivity over a period of one year from September   2021 to 30th August 2022 were included in the study and processed per standard laboratory protocol techniques for isolating and identifying pathogens causing BSI. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: Out of 4260 blood samples, 1204(28.26%) isolates were obtained. Of these isolates, 575(47.75%) were Gram‑positive bacteria and 468 (38.87%) were Gram‑negative bacteria. Candida species were isolated from 161(13.7%) positive samples and 32 showed contamination. The most commonly identified organism was Coagulase‑negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (22.59%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus(17.69%), Acinetobacter spp. (13.70%), Klebsiella spp (10.13%) and Escherichia coli (6.47%). Among the gram-positive bacteria, maximum resistance was seen with methicillin and azithromycin. No resistance was seen with vancomycin and linezolid. Most of the gram-negative bacilli were multidrug-resistant. Maximum resistance was seen with ampicillin(91.7%), amoxiclav (86.5%), ceftriaxone (88.5%), and gentamicin (60.9%). Higher prevalence of resistance was observed in Gram‑negative bacteria when compared with Gram‑positive bacteria.

Conclusion: Hence, empirical treatment of BSIs should be based on the current knowledge of bacterial resistance profiles as provided by microbiology laboratory reports. The results of this study warrant continuous monitoring of antimicrobial patterns for the clinicians along with judicious antibiotic policy to mandate antimicrobial sensitivity testing against the BSIs in the hospital setup so that appropriate therapeutic measures should be taken at the earliest.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Hexagonal Y1−xEuxMnO3
Authors: Ferreira W. S. , Moreira E. , Haas S.
Published: February 2023

Magnetoelectric materials attract interest due to coupling between the magnetic and dipol moments, which provides additional degrees of freedom in magnetoelectric device design and nanotechnological applications. Despite intensive theoretical and experimental studies already carried out in magnetoelectric materials, some issues deserve more attention, specifically their structural and electronic properties. Here, density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of hexagonal Y1-xEuxMnO3 (x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2) compounds. Our approach is based on the local spin density approximation (LSDA+U). The magnetic moment carried out by Mn atoms is very sensitive to the LSDA+U. We obtain the lattice parameters that compare well with experimental X-ray measurements, showing a difference between calculated values and experiment less than 2%. The calculated PDOS shows important contributions from the rare earth and the oxygen atoms in these systems, in which main contributions comes from the manganese atom. In addition, the electronic partial density of states (PDOS) shows a dominant contribution from the Mn and rare earth atoms near the Fermi level.
Clark comments to HHS on Part 2 NPRM: Suspend, retract, withdraw the rulemaking
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

ADAW has obtained some of the comments on the 42 CFR Part 2 Notice of Preliminary Rulemaking (NPRM) submitted to the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) last month (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33678, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33684, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33628, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33661). The comments are in response to the HHS proposal to change the federal rules regarding confidentiality of substance use disorder (SUD) patient records. Since 2010, the rules, known now as Part 2, have been under threat due to electronic health records, which make obtaining written, individualized consent from patients for release of the records inconvenient (ADAW has written more than 100 articles on this topic, go to the website for more).
Sb2Te3/MoS2 Van der Waals Junctions with High Thermal Stability and Low Contact Resistance
Authors: Chang Wen Hsin , Hatayama Shogo , Saito Yuta , Okada Naoya , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Irisawa Toshifumi
Published: February 2023

Two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) demonstrate great potential in nanoelectronics devices owing to their high carrier mobility in the atomically thin channel regime. However, high contact resistance between source/drain electrodes and TMDC channels hinders the TMDCs applications in the very‐large‐scale integration (VLSI) field. Here, this work reports atomically aligned van der Waals (vdW) junction fabrications through thermal‐induced crystallization of layered Sb2Te3 electrodes on monolayer MoS2 using VLSI‐compatible physical vapor deposition and annealing processes. Due to Fermi‐level unpinning with a small band offset between Sb2Te3 and MoS2 and small density of state of Sb2Te3, better device performance is demonstrated on MoS2 MOSFETs with Sb2Te3/W contact than that of Sb/W contact. Moreover, the ideal vdW junctions are found to demonstrate extreme high‐thermal robustness. No intermixing at the Sb2Te3/MoS2 interface or crystallinity degradation of Sb2Te3 is observed after 450 °C annealing, leading to higher thermal stability than its Sb counterpart. Sb2Te3 is a promising candidate as an n‐type contact material for TMDC‐based devices such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 in future VLSI electronics and various other applications.
The role of indigenous knowledge in fisheries resource management for aquaculture development: A case study of the Kenyan Lake Victoria region
Authors: Obiero Kevin Odhiambo , Mboya Jimmy Brian , Ouko Kevin Okoth , Kembenya Elijah Migiro , Nyauchi Elizabeth Akinyi , Munguti Jonathan Mbonge , Outa Nicholas Otieno , Githukia Cecilia Muthoni
Published: February 2023

Indigenous knowledge is critical in the conservation of wild fish genetic resources and consequent development of fish seed for improved aquaculture production. Local fisher communities rely on aquatic resources mainly for livelihood and subsistence and have therefore come up with systems to manage these resources for sustainable use. This study aimed at identifying the role of indigenous people's knowledge in fish conservation as a way of improving aquaculture, with a specific focus on the conservation of aquaculture fish species in Kenya. Data was collected from individual fisherfolk through semi‐structured questionnaires and field observations. Pearson's chi‐square test was performed on variables that were predicted to influence indigenous knowledge. The chi‐square tests revealed a significant relationship between age and indigenous knowledge (χ2 = 15.153, p = 0.004). Results also revealed a significant relationship between an individual's years of residence in the area and indigenous knowledge (χ2 = 17.767, p = 0.003). It was found that the indigenous people use various concepts and strategies for fish conservation and fish production. From the findings of the study, it is recommended that scientists and policy actors should adopt the indigenous people's knowledge as a source of baseline information for fisheries and aquaculture research, and as additional or alternative strategies for the management of fish genetic resources.
Medial metatarsal rigidity in extant non‐human catarrhine primates
Authors: Patel Biren A.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study quantifies hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) and second metatarsal (Mt2) polar second moment of areas (J) in hominoids and cercopithecoids to address three questions. Which catarrhines have more rigid Mt1s versus Mt2s? Is asymmetry in medial metatarsal rigidity (e.g., Mt1 > Mt2) different among taxa? Does asymmetry in medial metatarsal rigidity correlate with relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass across species.

Materials and Methods

J was calculated from CT images in 345 specimens and compared between groups: Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, hylobatids, cercopithecines, and colobines. Differences between the Mt1 and Mt2 within groups were assessed using paired t tests. Log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios were used to assess asymmetry in rigidity and inter‐group comparisons were made. Additionally, correlations were performed between species means of log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios and species means of relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass.

Results

African ape and hylobatid Mt1s are significantly more rigid than their Mt2s. Rigidity in medial metatarsals are more variable in Pongo, but most individuals have stronger Mt2s. Greatest variation is observed in cercopithecoids, with some species having consistently stronger Mt1s or Mt2s, but the majority show no bias for either. Log10‐transformed Mt1:Mt2 J ratios are significantly correlated with relative intrinsic hallucal muscle mass; taxa with more rigid Mt1s have more developed muscle.

Discussion

Differences between metatarsals in rigidity do not correlate with previously documented regional differences in peak plantar pressure during weight support. Rather, asymmetry in metatarsal rigidity, specifically Mt1 > Mt2, reflect adaptations of larger intrinsic hallucal musculature capable of producing greater hallucal grasping force.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Progression Increases Risk of Incident Parkinsonism
Authors: Jacob Mina A. , Cai Mengfei , Bergkamp Mayra , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Gelissen Liza M. Y. , Marques José , Norris David G. , Duering Marco , Esselink Rianne A. J. , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik
Published: February 2023

Objective

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with motor impairments and parkinsonian signs cross‐sectionally, however, there are little longitudinal data on whether SVD increases risk of incident parkinsonism itself. We investigated the relation between baseline SVD severity as well as SVD progression, and incident parkinsonism over a follow‐up of 14 years.

Methods

This study included 503 participants with SVD, and without parkinsonism at baseline, from the RUN DMC prospective cohort study. Baseline inclusion was performed in 2006 and follow‐up took place in 2011, 2015, and 2020, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and motor assessments. Parkinsonism was diagnosed according to the UK Brain Bank criteria, and stratified into vascular parkinsonism (VaP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Linear mixed‐effect models were constructed to estimate individual rate changes of MRI‐characteristics.

Results

Follow‐up for incident parkinsonism was near‐complete (99%). In total, 51 (10.2%) participants developed parkinsonism (33 VaP, 17 IPD, and 1 progressive supranuclear palsy). Patients with incident VaP had higher SVD burden compared with patients with IPD. Higher baseline white matter hyperintensities (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46 per 1‐SD increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21–1.78), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (HR = 1.66 per 1‐SD increase, 95% CI = 1.34–2.05), and presence of lacunes (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 0.99–3.42) were associated with increased risk of all‐cause parkinsonism. Incident lacunes were associated with incident VaP (HR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.32–16.32).

Interpretation

Both baseline SVD severity and SVD progression are independently associated with long‐term parkinsonism. Our findings indicate a causal role of SVD in parkinsonism. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying pathophysiology of this relation. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1130–1141
Generation and Use of Glycosyl Radicals under Acidic Conditions: Glycosyl Sulfinates as Precursors
Authors: Xu Shiyang , Zhang Wei , Li Caiyi , Li Yanjing , Zeng Hongxin , Wang Yingwei , Zhang Yang , Niu Dawen
Published: February 2023

We herein report a method that enables the generation of glycosyl radicals under highly acidic conditions. Key to the success is the design and use of glycosyl sulfinates as radical precursors, which are bench‐stable solids and can be readily prepared from commercial starting materials. This development allows the installation of glycosyl units onto pyridine rings directly by the Minisci reaction. We further demonstrate the utility of this method in the late‐stage modification of complex drug molecules, including the anticancer agent camptothecin. Experimental studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
Mesogenic Groups Control the Emitter Orientation in Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Films**
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Tenopala‐Carmona Francisco , Knöller Julius A. , Mischok Andreas , Hall David , Madayanad Suresh Subeesh , Matulaitis Tomas , Olivier Yoann , Nacke Pierre , Gießelmann Frank , Laschat Sabine , Gather Malte C. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: February 2023

The use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and emitters that show preferential horizontal orientation of their transition dipole moment (TDM) are two emerging strategies to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs. We present the first example of a liquid crystalline multi‐resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) emitter, DiKTa‐LC. The compound possesses a nematic liquid crystalline phase between 80 °C and 110 °C. Importantly, the TDM of the spin‐coated film shows preferential horizontal orientation, with an anisotropy factor, a, of 0.28, which is preserved in doped poly(vinylcarbazole) films. Green‐emitting (λEL=492 nm) solution‐processed OLEDs based on DiKTa‐LC showed an EQEmax of 13.6 %. We thus demonstrate for the first time how self‐assembly of a liquid crystalline TADF emitter can lead to the so‐far elusive control of the orientation of the transition dipole in solution‐processed films, which will be of relevance for high‐performance solution‐processed OLEDs.
Advances in bioreactor control for production of biotherapeutic products
Authors: Nikita Saxena , Mishra Somesh , Gupta Keshari , Runkana Venkataramana , Gomes James , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: February 2023

Advanced control strategies are well established in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries. Over the past decade, the application of these strategies is being explored for control of bioreactors for manufacturing of biotherapeutics. Most of the industrial bioreactor control strategies apply classical control techniques, with the control system designed for the facility at hand. However, with the recent progress in sensors, machinery, and industrial internet of things, and advancements in deeper understanding of the biological processes, coupled with the requirement of flexible production, the need to develop a robust and advanced process control system that can ease process intensification has emerged. This has further fuelled the development of advanced monitoring approaches, modeling techniques, process analytical technologies, and soft sensors. It is seen that proper application of these concepts can significantly improve bioreactor process performance, productivity, and reproducibility. This review is on the recent advancements in bioreactor control and its related aspects along with the associated challenges. This study also offers an insight into the future prospects for development of control strategies that can be designed for industrial‐scale production of biotherapeutic products.
Simultaneous pharmacokinetic assessment of phytopharmaceuticals in fenugreek extract using LC–MS/MS in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Agrawal Sristi , Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Biswas Arpon , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Jaiswal Shubham , Kumar Ashok , Narender Tadigoppula , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: February 2023

Fenugreek seeds are used in numerous marketed herbal formulations with therapeutic benefits. Some of its bioactive components such as 4‐hydroxyisoleucine, trigonelline, raffinose, and pinitol are reported to possess potential therapeutic activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, stomach stimulant, and anti‐invasive, against hyperandrogenism and other allied diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome. A fully validated, selective, and sensitive bioanalytical method for the simultaneous rapid quantification of the aforementioned bioactive components has been developed using hyphenated liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The analytes were separated within 5 min using gradient elution in a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Plasma protein precipitation technique was employed to isolate the analytes from the samples. Oral pharmacokinetic profile of the four bioactive components in Sprague–Dawley rats was further evaluated using noncompartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin software.
Cold atmospheric plasma: Novel opportunities for tumor microenvironment targeting
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Zhu Kaiyuan
Published: February 2023

With mounting preclinical and clinical evidences on the prominent roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) played during carcinogenesis, the TME has been recognized and used as an important onco‐therapeutic target during the past decade. Delineating our current knowledge on TME components and their functionalities can help us recognize novel onco‐therapeutic opportunities and establish treatment modalities towards desirable anti‐cancer outcome. By identifying and focusing on primary cellular components in the TME, that is, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor‐associated macrophages, cancer‐associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, we decomposed their primary functionalities during carcinogenesis, categorized current therapeutic approaches utilizing traits of these components, and forecasted possible benefits that cold atmospheric plasma, a redox modulating tool with selectivity against cancer cells, may convey by targeting the TME. Our insights may open a novel therapeutic avenue for cancer control taking advantages of redox homeostasis and immunostasis.
Chemical Synthesis Enables the Configurational Determination of Myristriol, a Highly Oxygenated Phenylpropanoid from Myristica fragrans Houtt
Authors: Xiao Wen‐Wen , Zhang Hong‐Lin , Wang Chao‐Fan , Chen Yang , Zhan Rui , Li Dashan , Shao Li‐Dong
Published: February 2023

A new phenylpropanoid, myristriol (1), along with 11 known ones were isolated from the seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Their chemical structures were clearly elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In which, the relative configuration of 1 was finally determined as erythro‐1 by comparison the NMR data of two synthetic erythro‐ and threo‐diastereoisomers with that of natural 1.
Epidermal nevus superimposed by psoriatic plaque in a girl with proteous syndrome
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Zavare Zahra , Mousavi Marziehsadat
Published: February 2023

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare syndrome characterized by asymmetric limb overgrowth, vascular malformation, and hamartomas. In this study we report a case of PS in a 13‐year‐old girl with chief complaint of a new cutaneous lesion that was diagnosed and treated as leishmaniasis.
Stroke in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion—An important clue for the diagnosis of disseminated central nervous system tuberculosis
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Gupta Binod Kumar , Poudel Astha , Kafle Manish , Singh Neeva , Chaudhary Hanshmani Prasad
Published: February 2023

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS‐TB) is one of the most devastating and life‐threatening conditions having high mortality and morbidity. Here, we report a 12‐year‐old child with pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion presenting with ischemic stroke as an important manifestation of central nervous system tuberculosis.
Continuous Crystallization Process of Cefminox Sodium in MSMPR Crystallizer
Authors: Du Xue , Xie Chenxin , Liu Baoshu , Yuan Peiquan , Sun Hua
Published: February 2023

Continuous crystallization technology has attracted rising attention from chemists and material scientists. In this paper, cefminox sodium is selected as a model drug for consecutive antisolvent crystallization using a multistage mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer. The effects of operating parameters on the product crystal particle size, crystal habit, and yield under steady‐state conditions are investigated in detail: operating parameters such as the initial concentration of the crystallization solution, the volume ratio of the crystallization solution to antisolvent, the total flow rate, the amount of seed crystals added, the crystallization temperature, and the mixing rate. The kinetic solubility data of cefminox sodium in two binary aqueous mixed solvents at 278.15–303.15 K are determined by laser dynamic method, and two empirical models are subsequently borrowed to fit the obtained data. This work provides a new crystallization process for cefminox sodium. After optimization, the mass yield is increased to 89.11%, the average particle size Dv(50) is about 164 µm.
The mitochondrial genomes of the Geometroidea (Lepidoptera) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Ding Weili , Xu Haizhen , Wu Zhipeng , Hu Lizong , Huang Li , Yang Mingsheng , Li Lili
Published: February 2023

The Geometroidea is a large superfamily of Lepidoptera in species composition and contains numerous economically important pest species that cause great loss in crop and forest production. However, understanding of mitogenomes remains limited due to relatively fewer mitogenomes previously reported for this megadiverse group. Here, we sequenced and annotated nine mitogenomes for Geometridae and further analyzed the mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny of the whole superfamily. All nine mitogenomes contained 37 mitochondrial genes typical in insects, and gene organization was conserved except for Somatina indicataria. In S. indicataria, the positions of two tRNAs were rearranged. The trnR was located before trnA instead of after trnA typical in Lepidoptera, whereas the trnE was detected rarely on the minority strand (N‐strand). This trnR‐trnA‐trnN‐trnS1‐trnE‐trnF newly recognized in S. indicataria represents the first gene rearrangement reported for Geometroidea and is also unique in Lepidoptera. Besides, nucleotide composition analyses showed little heterogeneity among the four geometrid subfamilies involved herein, and overall, nad6 and atp8 have higher nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks rate in Geometridae. In addition, the taxonomic assignments of the nine species, historically defined by morphological studies, were confirmed by various phylogenetic analyses based on the hitherto most extensive mitogenomic sampling in Geometroidea.
Predation on a pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus, by the noble false widow spider, Steatoda nobilis
Authors: Dugon Michel M. , Lawton Colin , Sturgess Dawn , Dunbar John P.
Published: February 2023

The noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis is a globally invasive species with implications for public health and possibly for native ecosystems. Here, we report on a case of predation on a protected species of vertebrate, a pygmy shrew Sorex minutus in Britain. The importance and novelty of this report are: (1) this is the third documented case of S. nobilis preying on a vertebrate in five years, suggesting that small vertebrates are likely to be a more frequent component of their diet than previously thought; (2) this is the first case of a Theridiidae spider preying on a shrew in Britain; and (3) this is the first case of predation on shrews by the genus Steatoda globally. Overall, S. nobilis fits the profile of a habitual vertebrate‐eating spider.
Electrochemical Properties of Ru Polypyridyl Phosphonates
Authors: Herath Hashini N. K. , MacRae Austin L. , Ugrinov Angel , Morello Glenn R. , Parent Alexander R.
Published: February 2023

[Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl (bpyPO3H2=6,6’‐bipyridin‐2‐yl)phosphonic acid) and [Ru(tpy)(MepyPO3H2)Cl]Cl (MepyPO3H2=(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)phosphonic acid) were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and electrochemically. Each compound was found to exhibit proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). In the case of [Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl, a Ru(V/IV) couple was detected at 1.4 V vs. NHE. Each complex was tested for its ability to catalyze C−H bond oxidation using a variety of sacrificial oxidants, and it was found that under aqueous conditions [Ru(bpyPO3H2)(bpy)Cl]Cl oxidizes secondary C−H bonds using sodium periodate (NaIO4) as the primary oxidant.
A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Kesavan Prabakaran , Menon Arun
Published: February 2023

Prior to implementing retrofitting measures for seismic action, it is necessary to evaluate the global capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Even with simplified assumptions, equivalent frame (EF) modeling adequately captures global responses and failure mechanisms in existing buildings, making it a popular modeling strategy among structural engineers. However, macro‐elements employed in the EF modeling of URM walls consider in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OP) behaviors separately by decoupling their interaction and require independent verification for OP failure involving limit analysis. Such decoupling of interaction is justifiable if proper wall‐wall/wall‐floor connections and rigid‐diaphragm action of slabs are ensured; however, OP failure is likely a result of inadequate connections. Multiple components of ground motion excitation and plan eccentricity in buildings can activate bidirectional interaction in such circumstances. Due to OP damage, the interaction reduces the full IP strength of a URM wall, resulting in overestimating its lateral capacity. This paper proposes a frame‐like 3D macro‐element incorporating the effect of OP action on the IP shear response of URM piers under static and monotonic lateral loads. Only two parameters modifying IP shear stiffness and capacity are required to account for the interaction. Analytical expressions for the interaction parameters are proposed from a detailed micro‐modeling study. The paper also demonstrates, within the EF modeling, the applicability of the proposed macro‐element for seismic analysis of regular URM shear walls with openings.
A direct prediction method for wind power ramp events considering the class imbalanced problem
Authors: Ren Guorui , Wan Jie , Wang Yanjia , Yao Kun , Fu Junfeng , Yu Jilai
Published: February 2023

Predicting wind power ramp events directly based on the historical ramp event time series has drawn increasing attention recently. But the class imbalance problem of the ramp event time series significantly affects the prediction accuracy of ramp events. In the present study, a layer oversampling (LOS) method is proposed considering the relation characteristics of wind power amplitudes and the occurrence frequency of wind power ramp events. Meanwhile, a hybrid sampling method of error bootstrap‐LOS (EB‐LOS) is proposed by combining LOS with the EB oversampling method. After balancing the samples of the ramp and nonramp events by using different sampling methods, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods are employed to directly predict ramp events based on historical data collected from eight wind farms. Comparison results proved that the proposed EB‐LOS method achieves the best prediction performance with an average recall of 0.8196 when using the BPNN model to directly predict ramp events. The best prediction performance of the EB‐LOS method is also proved by using the LSTM model to directly predict ramp events.
Study on surrounding rock failure mechanism and rational coal pillar width of the gob‐side coal roadway under influence of intense dynamic pressure
Authors: Wang Deqiu , He Fulian , Wu Yanhao , Xu Xuhui , Zhang Jianlong , Lv Kai , Li Liang , Zhai Wenli , Song Jiayu
Published: February 2023

A reasonable width of the coal pillar is very important to the surrounding rock control of the gob‐side roadway. An unreasonable width of the coal pillar will make the roadway to be located within the range of strong mining influence, leading to severe deformation of the roadway. Severe subsidence at the coal pillar side of the roof and serious coal pillar deformation are problems caused by strong dynamic pressure due to mining in the gob‐side coal roadway. This paper studies the surrounding rock instability mechanism and rational coal pillar width of the gob‐side coal roadway under the influence of intense dynamic pressure. The results show that: (1) Under the condition of large mining height, the roadway overburden is a hinged structure, and an unreasonable coal pillar width makes the gob‐side coal roadway to be located below the main roof fracture line. The rotary movement of the key block of the main roof is the main reason for the roadway deformation. (2) According to the evolution law of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone of surrounding rock of roadway under different coal pillar widths during roadway driving and mining were studied, and it is concluded that a 6‐m‐width coal pillar is the most reasonable. (3) Based on the stress distribution and plasticizing range of surrounding rock in a narrow pillar roadway, the combined support scheme of “anchor cable + grouting + single prop” is proposed and applied to engineering practice. The practice results show that the roadway deformation is well controlled, and the safe mining of the working face is realized.
Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation
Authors: Liu Feifei , Bao Rongqing , Cheng Xianfu , Qin Wu
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the thermal safety and inconsistency caused by the high temperature of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery, a cooling structure embedded with a flat aluminum heat pipe (FAHP) for a Li‐ion battery module is proposed. The three‐dimensional thermal model of the FAHP module is established by considering regionalized thermal radiation. The thermal characteristics of the module are compared with four progressive cooling schemes, and the temperature performance affected by different convection (hconv) and radiation (hrad) heat transfer coefficients are analyzed. Results show that, the thermal model with the thermal radiation is more precise than that without the thermal radiation under the natural convection. Adding FAHPs can effectively reduce the maximum temperature (Tmax) and the maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax,pack) of the FAHP module. Especially adding FAHPs with fins, even at 3C discharging, the average cooling performance can be improved by 33.3%, 25.0%, and 14.4% than that of natural convection, aluminum plates sandwiched between cells and FAHPs with no fins, respectively. Meanwhile, the decrease in rates of Tmax and ΔTmax,pack are gradually increasing with the increasing of hrad, but decreased with the increasing of hconv. When 5 W·m−2·K−1 ≤ hconv ≤ 35 W·m−2·K−1, the average ratio of radiation heat dissipation to total heat dissipation (η) is 35.7%, but when hconv > 55 W·m−2·K−1, η is less than 1.5%.