bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Virome of Nigerian Vineyards
Authors: Zongoma Aisha M. , Dangora D. B. , Al Rwahnih M. , Alabi O. J.
Published: December 2022

The virome of Nigerian vineyards was assessed via diagnostic surveys for viruses and viroids in 40 sites across six states in 2016. Leaf tissues from 360 grapevines were preserved dried under CaCl2. High-throughput sequencing of total RNA extracts from two composite dry leaf samples resulted in the detection of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), hop stunt viroid (HSVd), grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1), and GYSVd-2. The incidences and distribution of these agents were assessed via RT-PCR with specific primers and two additional primer pairs targeting grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) and grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). Approximately 47% (169/360) of the samples had mixed infections of two to five agents, ∼22% (78/360) had single infections, and ∼31% (113/360) tested negative. HSVd was the most common, with its occurrence in ∼53% (192/360; 39 sites) of samples, followed by GYSVd-2 (∼43%; 155/360; 34 sites), GYSVd-1 (∼33%; 120/360; 26 sites), GLRaV-1 (∼24%; 85/360; 26 sites), and GRSPaV (∼3%; 10/360; 7 sites). All 360 samples were negative for GRBV. In pairwise comparisons, GLRaV-1 isolates from Nigeria shared 97 to 100% nucleotide (nt) and amino acid identities among themselves based on partial HSP70h and complete p24 sequences. The nearly complete genome (18,689 nt) of one GLRaV-1 isolate was determined and it shared 76.5 to 94.5% identity with other fully sequenced GLRaV-1 isolates. The results revealed a simpler virome of Nigerian vineyards and underscore the need to strengthen phytosanitary measures and promote propagation of clean plant materials for vineyard establishment in Nigeria to forestall the introduction of additional viruses and viroids.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Evidence-Based Classroom Observation Technique: An Interdisciplinary, Structured Approach to Classroom Observation
Authors: Perkins Connie J.
Published: December 2022

Classroom observation is commonplace in higher education, but the process itself varies from school to school. A literature search revealed a lack of structured tools and universal interdisciplinary processes for postsecondary classroom observation. Thus, the Evidence-Based Classroom Observation Technique was developed to include both the tool and the interdisciplinary process.
Real-world outcomes of different lines and sequences of treatment in BRAF-positive advanced melanoma patients
Authors: Betof Warner Allison , Tarhini Ahmad , Kang Barinder , Nakasato Antonio , Ling You-Li , Shah Rohan , Tang Jackson , Patel Jeetvan
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to compare efficacy with different treatment sequences and lines of treatment among BRAF V600 mutated (BRAF+) advanced melanoma patients with immunotherapies (IO) and targeted therapies (TT) using real-world data. This was a retrospective cohort study using the Novartis BRAF+ meLanoma patients ObsErvational database, the harmonized customized data from Flatiron and ConcertAI. The study included BRAF+ advanced unresectable melanoma patients treated with first-line (1L) IO or TT between 1 January 2014 and 31 May 2020. Patient characteristics and treatment patterns were described. Kaplan–Meier curves and propensity score-adjusted Cox models were used for analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 1961 patients were included, of which, 57.2% received IO and 42.8% received TT on 1L therapy. Overall, 603 patients initiated a 2L therapy: 56.2% IO and 43.8% TT. Regardless of treatment sequence, patients progressed at a relatively similar rate with no significant difference between groups (median PFS: 12.9 months for 1L TT/2L IO and 13.1 months for 1L IO/2L TT; HR, 0.84; P = 0.137). The 2-year OS rate was also similar with 1L TT/2L IO and 1L IO/2L TT (78% vs. 80%; HR, 1.09; P = 0.730). PFS was worse on 2L therapy compared with 1L (median 4.7 vs. 6.5 months). Efficacy on 2L therapy was poor compared with 1L. Among patients who received 2L therapy, regardless of treatment sequences, outcomes were comparable between 1L TT/2L IO and 1L IO/2L TT in this study that reflects real-world experiences beyond clinical trial selective eligibility criteria.
Efficacy of single-session 99.5% ethanol sclerotherapy for incidentally found simple renal cysts
Authors: Kim Jin Hyeok , Jeon Ung Bae , Jang Joo Yeon , Kim Tae Un , Ryu Hwaseong , Yeom Jeong A , Roh Jieun
Published: December 2022

Simple renal cysts are the most common masses in the kidney. Most are asymptomatic and are incidentally detected on imaging examinations performed for other reasons. This study aimed to compare the results of 40 and 120 minutes ethanol sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session to treat incidentally found simple renal cysts. We retrospectively reviewed 63 renal cysts in 62 patients treated by single session percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy. Thirty-one patients with 32 cysts underwent a 40 minutes sclerotherapy (group A), and 31 patients with 31 cysts underwent a 120 minutes retention technique (group B). Under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance, cystic fluid was completely aspirated, and 50% of the aspirated volume was replaced with 99.5% ethanol (a maximum of 100 mL). Imaging follow-up of the patients was performed 3 months after sclerotherapy. The technical success rates were 100% in both groups. Eighteen patients (29.0%) were symptomatic (flank pain or discomfort). Indications of the other patients were large cysts (>5 cm; 46%) and an increment in the diameter on serial studies (25.4%). A significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, cyst diameter, volume of aspirated fluid, volume of injected ethanol, and percentage of reduction in cyst diameter (P > .05) was not found. After treatment, flank pain or discomfort resolved in 17 of 18 (94.4%) symptomatic patients. One patient complained of persistent flank pain; however, no significant abnormality was detected on post-procedural computed tomography images. There were no other complications after therapy in the 2 groups. Single session ethanol sclerotherapy with a 40 minutes retention technique is an effective, safe, and cost-effective method for the treatment of incidentally found simple renal cysts. Although the procedural time was reduced, there was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the 40 and 120 minutes therapies.
Referrals, access, and equity of monoclonal antibodies for outpatient COVID-19: A qualitative study of clinician perspectives
Authors: Hamer Mika K. , Alasmar Ahmed , Kwan Bethany M. , Wynia Matthew K. , Ginde Adit A. , DeCamp Matthew W.
Published: December 2022

Neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatments for non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have been available since November 2020. However, they have been underutilized and access has been inequitable. To understand, from the clinician perspective, the factors facilitating or hindering monoclonal antibody referrals, patient access, and equity to inform development of clinician-focused messages, materials, and processes for improving access to therapeutics for COVID-19 in Colorado. We interviewed 38 frontline clinicians with experience caring for patients with COVID-19 in outpatient settings. Clinicians were purposely sampled for diversity to understand perspectives across geography (i.e., urban versus rural), practice setting, specialty, and self-reported knowledge about monoclonal antibodies. Interviews were conducted between June and September 2021, lasted 21 to 62 minutes, and were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview transcripts were then analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis to identify thematic content and to compare themes across practice settings and other variables. Clinicians perceived monoclonal antibodies to be highly effective and were unconcerned about their emergency use status; hence, these factors were not perceived to hinder patient referrals. However, some barriers to access – including complex and changing logistics for referring, as well as the time and facilities needed for an infusion – inhibited widespread use. Clinicians in small, independent, and rural practices experienced unique challenges, such as lack of awareness of their patients’ COVID-19 test results, disconnect from treatment distribution systems, and patients who faced long travel times to obtain treatment. Many clinicians held a persistent belief that monoclonal antibodies were in short supply; this belief hindered referrals, even when monoclonal antibody doses were not scarce. Across practice settings, the most important facilitator for access to monoclonal antibodies was linkage of COVID-19 testing and treatment within care delivery. Although clinicians viewed monoclonal antibodies as safe and effective treatments for COVID-19, individual- and system-level barriers inhibited referrals, particular in some practice settings. Subcutaneous or oral formulations may overcome certain barriers to access, but simplifying patient access by linking testing with delivery of treatments that reduce morbidity and mortality will be critical for the ongoing response to COVID-19 and in future pandemics.
JBI's approach to evidence implementation: a 7-phase process model to support and guide getting evidence into practice
Authors: Porritt Kylie , McArthur Alexa , Lockwood Craig , Munn Zachary
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we provide an overview of JBI's approach to evidence implementation and describe the supporting process model that aligns with this approach. The central tenets of JBI's approach to implementing evidence into practice include the use of evidence-based audit and feedback, identification of the context in which evidence is being implemented, facilitation of any change, and an evaluation process. A pragmatic and practical seven-phased approach is outlined to assist with the ‘planning’ and ‘doing’ of getting evidence into practice, focusing on clinicians as change agents for implementing evidence in clinical and policy settings. Further research and development is required to formally evaluate the robustness of the approach to better understand the complex nature of evidence implementation.
How Microbology was produced
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: December 2022

This is the final paper in a series of three historical reviews marking the 75th anniversary of the launch of the Journal of General Microbiology (JGM), now Microbiology. It looks at some of the factors involved in the physical, and the electronic, production of the Journal, and how those factors have evolved since the Journal was launched in 1947. There have, of course, been massive changes in all aspects of production over the past 75 years. Microbiology started with manual typewriters, literal (rather than electronic) cutting and pasting of text at the editing stage, retyping and rechecking, hot-metal setting and printing, and finally postal distribution of complete bound issues. Illustrations, figures and tables presented special challenges. And there was also the considerable chore of having to duplicate and mail out multiple paper copies at the refereeing stage. It was all perfectly manageable, but it took a great deal of time and effort, and became all the more demanding as the Journal grew in scale and geographical reach. The dramatic rate of technical change since then is obvious to all. The technology has allowed each aspect of journal publishing to be done in new and far more convenient ways; and in some important respects it has also changed how we think about the very idea of journal publishing. Through all this, publishing has remained central to what the Microbiology Society is and does.
(How) Do we theorize?A focused mapping review and synthesis of theoretical nursing research in the German-speaking area of Europe
Authors: Eppel-Meichlinger Jasmin , Cartaxo Ana , Clement Theresa , Hirt Julian , Wallner Martin , Mayer Hanna
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Although nursing has made significant progress in establishing as an academic discipline in the German-speaking area, discussions in the scientific community are increasing about lack of theory dynamics. Theories in nursing provide foundational knowledge that guides actions in nursing practice, research, and education. However, nursing research has not yet been systematically investigated against this background. Our aim was to obtain an overview of the theoretical research landscape in nursing in the German-speaking countries of Europe.

Method

We conducted a focused mapping review and synthesis. The focus was on nursing journals articles with an explicit theory-related aim, published between 2016 and 2021 in German or English language and with a contribution of at least one author affiliated with an institution in the German-speaking area of Europe.

Findings

We identified 32 out of 1419 (2%) publications in nursing journals that met the eligibility criteria. Most theoretical work involved an inductive approach (n=21), with eleven papers intending to test or further develop an existing theory. Grounded theory (n=10) and conceptual analyses (n=6) were mainly referred to as the underlying methodological approach. We identified illness experience (n=8) and self-management (n=7) as the most frequently addressed phenomena. Theory-related results were predominantly theoretical models (n=13). The level of abstraction was mainly situation specific (n=20).

Conclusions

The proportion of publications with a theory-related aim was low. Theory-building efforts are heterogeneous and lack a recognizable pattern. More efforts should be made to develop empirically testable theories, to revise and synthesize existing theories on a meta-level. Therefore, researcher should focus on theorizing, i.e., on how to further develop existing theories as well as to develop new theories, rather than focusing exclusively on theories as results. For this purpose, nursing researchers should be properly educated in theorizing. Nursing professors have a crucial role to defy the demands of the current research mainstream and provide appropriate structures to learn and to continually practice theoretical thinking and theorizing.
Gene Expression Analysis of Patients with Prostate Cancer vs Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
Authors: Saeedi Mahdi
Published: December 2022

Prostate cancer is associated with nearly 4% of all cancer-related deaths in men. To better understand the types of genes that are highly expressed in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia, this study analyzes the raw gene expressions of 36 patients. And compares expressions of prostate epithelial stem cells vs. prostate epithelial transit amplifying cells. 1347 differentially expressed genes were found in prostate epithelial stem cells, and 71 differentially expressed genes were found in prostate epithelial transit amplifying cells. Genes USP10 and SOCS3 were found to be differentially expressed and are found to be associated with prostate cancer.
Protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by ergothioneine
Authors: Cheah Irwin K. , Tang Richard M.Y. , Wang Xiaoyuan , Sachaphibulkij Karishma , Chong Suet Yen , Lim Lina H.K. , Wang Jiong-Wei , Halliwell Barry
Published: December 2022

Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin remain the first line of treatment for haematological malignancies, and breast cancers. However, the potential risk of cardiac injury by anthracyclines, which may lead to severe myopathy or heart failure, severely limits their application, and remains a challenge to ensuring curative chemotherapy. While the complex interplay between pathological pathways of anthracycline cardiotoxicity is yet to be fully understood, oxidative damage, iron overload-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation are all believed to be involved.

The unique dietary thione, ergothioneine, while not produced in animals and humans, can be avidly absorbed and accumulated in tissues including the heart. Amongst other cytoprotective properties ergothioneine has been shown to scavenge various ROS, decrease proinflammatory mediators, chelate metal cations such as Fe2+, preventing them from partaking in redox activities, and may protect against mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Moreover, low plasma ergothioneine levels are also strongly correlated to risk of cardiovascular events in humans, suggestive of a cardioprotective role. Taken together this highlights the potential for ergothioneine to counteract anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

Here we investigate the potential of ergothioneine supplementation to protect against cardiac dysfunction in mice models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and found that it had significant protective effects. Moreover, ergothioneine administration in a mouse breast cancer model did not exacerbate the growth of the tumour and did not interfere with the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin. These results suggest that ergothioneine could be a viable co-therapy to alleviate the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines in the treatment of cancers.
Cholesterol-deficient T cell membrane-encapsulated STING agonists for tumor-targeted immunotherapy
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Mengxing , Liu Tiantian , Zhang Zhirong , Liu Zhenmi , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2022

In recent years, STING agonists have shown promising results in enhancing tumor immunotherapies. Nanoparticle-based tumor targeting delivery of STING agonists is considered as an important way to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of STING agonists. However, how to escape the clearance to nanoparticles by phagocytes in the blood while maintaining the tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles is still a big challenge. Herein, cholesterol-deficient membrane from bioengineered T cells overexpressing PD-1 encapsulated STING agonist SR-717 (a.k.a. COMs) was used to treat melanoma. Nanoparticles coated by these membranes displayed remarkably dropped clearance by monocytes in the blood in both animal and human blood comparing with nanoparticles coated by non-modified T cell membrane, while maintaining the high tumor cell targeting efficiency of COMs. In mice melanoma model, intravenous injected COMs successfully delivered SR-717 to tumor and activated STING pathways and the PD-1 on COMs blocked the up-regulated PD-L1 in tumor cells induced by SR-717. As a result, COMs stimulated strong tumor immune responses to inhibit melanoma recurrence when it combined with photothermal therapy (PTT). In summary, this study developed a highly effective bionic system that integrated STING activation and immunotherapy, and provided a simple and effective strategy to enhance performance of cell membrane-coated delivery systems in vivo.
Legionella pneumophilainhibits type I interferon signaling to avoid cell-intrinsic host cell defense
Authors: Allen C.N.S. , Banks D. A. , Shuster M. , Vogel S. N. , O’Connor T.J. , Briken V.
Published: December 2022

The host type I interferon (IFN) response protects againstLegionella pneumophilainfections. Other bacterial pathogens inhibit type I IFN-mediated cell signaling; however, the interaction between this signaling pathway andL. pneumophilahas not been well described. Here, we demonstrate thatL. pneumophilainhibits the IFN-β signaling pathway but does not inhibit IFN-ψ-mediated cell signaling. The addition of IFN-β toL. pneumophila-infected macrophages limited bacterial growth independently of NOS2 and reactive nitrogen species. The type IV secretion system ofL. pneumophilais required to inhibit IFN-β-mediated cell signaling. Finally, we show that the inhibition of the IFN-β signaling pathway occurs downstream of STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our findings describe a novel host cell signaling pathway inhibited byL. pneumophilavia its type IV secretion system.
On the changing role of individuals in different age groups in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in France
Authors: Goldstein Edward
Published: December 2022

Objectives

In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. Epidemics of Omicron and influenza have both contributed to those high mortality levels in late 2022. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole community require a better characterization, particularly given that in France, vaccination coverage for the 2nd booster for COVID-19 is limited and largely restricted to persons aged over 60y.

Patients and Methods

We examined the role of individuals in different age groups in propagating different waves of Omicron epidemics in France between March 1--Dec. 30, 2022 using previously developed methodology based on the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group’s proportion among all cases before vs. after the peak of an epidemic wave. Higher value of the RR statistic for a given age group suggests a disproportionate depletion of susceptible individuals in that age group during the epidemic’s ascent (due to increased contact rates and/or susceptibility to infection).

Results

For the Spring wave (March 14 - May 15), the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 10-19y (RR=1.92 (95% CI (1.18,3.12)), followed by adults aged 40-49y (RR=1.45 (1.09,1.93)) and children aged 0-9y (RR=1.31 (0.98,1.74)). For the Summer wave (June 27 – Aug. 21), the highest RR estimate belong to children aged 0-9y (RR=1.61 (1.13,2.30)) followed by children aged 10-19y (RR=1.59 (0.77,3.26)) and adults aged 20-29y (RR=1.42 (0.91,2.23)). For the Autumn wave (Sep. 18 – Nov. 12), the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 10-19y (RR=1.65 (0.72,3.75)), followed by adults aged 30-39y (RR=1.39 (0.83,2.33)) and 20-29y (RR=1.21 (0.66,2.23)). For the Autumn-Winter Wave (Nov. 23 – Dec. 30), the highest RR estimate belonged to persons aged 30-39y (RR=1.43 (0.79,2.57)), followed by persons aged 80-89y (RR= 1.17 (0.99,1.4)) and persons aged 40-49y (RR= 1.15 (0.73,1.82))).

Discussion/Conclusions

Increasing booster vaccination coverage for all adults, as possibly for children should help mitigate future Omicron epidemics. The estimate for the RR statistic in persons aged 80-89y for the Autumn-Winter Omicron wave suggests that additional efforts should be considered for preventing the spread of Omicron infection in elderly persons, including in Long-Term Care facilities.
A clickable photosystem I, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin NADP+reductase fusion system for light-driven NADPH regeneration
Authors: Medipally Hitesh , Mann Marvin , Kötting Carsten , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Nowaczyk Marc M.
Published: December 2022

Photosynthetic organisms like plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use light for the regeneration of dihydronicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The process starts with the light-driven oxidation of water by photosystem II (PSII) and the released electrons are transferred via the cytochromeb6fcomplex towards photosystem I (PSI). This membrane protein complex is responsible for the light-driven reduction of the soluble electron mediator ferredoxin (Fd), which passes the electrons to ferredoxin NADP+reductase (FNR). Finally, NADPH is regenerated by FNR at the end of the electron transfer chain. In this study, we established a clickable fusion system for in vitro NADPH regeneration with PSI-Fd and PSI-Fd-FNR, respectively. For this, we fused immunity protein 7 (Im7) to the C-terminus of the PSI-PsaE subunit in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803. Furthermore, colicin DNase E7 (E7) fusion chimeras of Fd and FNR with varying linker domains were expressed inE. coli. Isolated Im7-PSI was coupled with the E7-Fd or E7-Fd-FNR fusion proteins through high-affinity binding of the E7/Im7 protein pair. The corresponding complexes were tested for NADPH regeneration capacity in comparison to the free protein systems demonstrating the general applicability of the strategy.
P-element invasions inDrosophila erectashed light on the establishment of host control over a transposable element
Authors: Selvaraju Divya , Wierzbicki Filip , Kofler Robert
Published: December 2022

To prevent the spread of transposable elements (TEs) hosts have developed sophisticated defence mechanisms. In mammals and invertebrates this defence mechanism operates through piRNAs. It is unclear how piRNA-based defences are established against invading TEs. According to the trap model, a TE insertion into a piRNA cluster, i.e. a distinct genomic locus, activates the host defence. Alternatively, siRNAs, generated by cleavage of dsRNA, may be the trigger for host control. To investigate this we introduced the P-element, one of the most widely studied eukaryotic transposons, into naïve lines ofDrosophila erecta. We monitored the invasion in 3 replicates for more than 50 generations by sequencing the genomic DNA (using short and long-reads), the small RNAs and the transcriptome at regular intervals. A piRNA based host defence was rapidly established in 2 replicates but not in the third, where P-element copy numbers kept increasing for over 50 generations. We found that siRNAs emerged prior to piRNAs, supporting the view that siRNAs initiate host defence. However, neither insertions in piRNA clusters nor the formation of siRNAs were sufficient to stop the P-element. Instead the activation of the ping-pong cycle was shown to be crucial. We introduce a novel model, the crank-up model, which emphasizes activation of the ping-pong cycle as a critical event in establishing host control over a TE.
4931414P19Rik: A Chemoattractant Secreted by Neural Progenitors Modulates Microglia Activation and Neuronal Migration During Mammalian Brain Development
Authors: Mestres Ivan , Calegari Federico
Published: December 2022

Communication between the nervous and immune system is critical for development, homeostasis and response to injury. Prior to the onset of neurogenesis, microglia populate the central nervous system serving as resident immune cells over the course of life. Here, we describe new roles of an uncharacterized transcript upregulated by neurogenic progenitors during mouse corticogenesis: 4931414P19Rik (hereafter named P19). Overexpression of P19 cell-extrinsically inhibited neuronal migration and acted as chemoattractant of microglial cells. Interestingly, effects on neuronal migration were found to result as a direct consequence of P19 secretion by neural progenitors triggering microglia activation and their accumulation within the P19 targeted area. Our findings highlight the critical role of microglia activation during brain development and identify P19 as a novel player in the neuro-immune crosstalk.
Assessing the shoreline dynamics on Kuakata, coastal area of Bangladesh: a GIS- and RS-based approach
Authors: Uddin Md. Jahir , Niloy Md. Nymur Rahman , Haque Md. Nazmul , Fayshal Md. Atik
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to determine shoreline change statistics and net erosion and accretion, along the Kuakata Coast, a magnificent sea beach on Bangladesh’s southernmost point.

Design/methodology/approach

The research follows a three stages way to achieve the target. First, this study has used the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to detect the temporal observation of shoreline change from the year 1991 to 2021 through satellite data. Then, the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) has also been explored. What is more, a prediction has been done for 2041 on shoreline shifting scenario. The shoreline displacement measurement was primarily separated into three analytical zones. Several statistical parameters, including Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) were calculated in the DSAS to quantify the rates of coastline movement with regard to erosion and deposition.

Findings

EPR and LRR techniques revealed that the coastline is undergoing a shift of landward (erosion) by a median rate of 3.15 m/yr and 3.17 m/yr, respectively, from 1991 to 2021, 2.85 km2 of land was lost. Naval and climatic influences are the key reasons for this variation. This study identifies the locations of a significantly eroded zone in Kuakata from 1991 to 2021. It highlights the places that require special consideration while creating a zoning plan or other structural design.

Originality/value

This research demonstrates the spatio-temporal pattern of the shoreline location of the Kuakata beach, which would be advantageous for the region’s shore management and planning due to the impacts on the fishing industry, recreation and resource extraction. Moreover, the present research will be supportive of shoreline vulnerability. Hence, this study will suggest to the local coastal managers and decision-makers for particularizing the coastal management plans in Kuakata coast zone.
Accounting and accountability in Muslim secondary schools in Tanzania: a Bourdieusian perspective
Authors: Mzenzi Siasa Issa
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the relationship between accounting and accountability practices in Muslim secondary schools in Tanzania using Bourdieusian perspective. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews were conducted with school owners, teachers, accountants, an imam and leaders of Muslim organizations. Corroborative evidence was gathered through review of documentary sources. The data were analyzed using a mapping approach.

Findings

The findings show that powerful actors in the schools studied proactively selected accounting practices that supported their particular doxa of survival, access or legitimacy. Also, Fiisabilillah is identified as an existential doxa, and this was found to be more influential than individual accountability doxa and responsible for adherence to work among weak agents despite an inappropriate environment. As a result, accounting practices become “rhetoric” and play a minimal role in discharging both “sacred” and “secular” accountability to both human beings and God.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that accounting practices must be understood in the context of the socioeconomic and political settings in which the organization operates.

Originality/value

Most studies of accounting and accountability have focused on developed countries. This is one of the few studies to explore the phenomenon in the context of Muslim schools in a developing country.
Impact of multiple commitments on the performance of open innovation projects: the mediating role of trusted and vigilant knowledge interaction
Authors: Qin Yanjun , Wang Jun
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Based on commitment system theory and commitment-trust theory, this study aims to reveal the effects of participating teams’ multiple commitments (i.e. synergistic commitments and conflicting commitments) on the performance of open innovation projects through the mediating role of trusted knowledge interaction and vigilant knowledge interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary survey data collected from 242 respondents of 47 open innovation projects in the manufacturing industry was used to test eight hypotheses. Correlations between multiple commitments, knowledge interaction and the performance of open innovation projects were investigated.

Findings

The findings reveal that synergistic commitments improve the performance of open innovation projects through enhancing trusted knowledge interaction. Synergistic commitments reduce the level of vigilant knowledge interaction, and the performance of open innovation projects follows an inverted U-shaped relationship with vigilant knowledge interaction. Conflicting commitments negatively moderate the effect of synergistic commitments on trusted knowledge interaction and vigilant knowledge interaction.

Originality/value

The authors extend commitment system theory and commitment-trust theory to open innovation project field. The findings bridge the gaps in isolated and static focus in previous commitment literatures and innovation management literatures, and provide practical guidance for how to better manage the dynamic combination of multiple commitments and knowledge interaction among participating teams in open innovation projects.
Help over harm: practical and ethical considerations for the evaluation and deployment of therapeutic games
Authors: Barnes Steven , Chandler Tara , Granda-Salazar Mishell
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to collate and discuss a number of key issues regarding the development, deployment and monitoring of games designed for therapeutic purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collate a number of core areas for consideration and offer suggestions regarding the challenges facing the field of therapeutic gaming.

Findings

In this paper, four major areas of interest are presented: ensuring and communicating therapeutic game effectiveness; data-security and management; effective game design; and barriers to therapeutic game uptake and engagement. Present implications of these issues are discussed and suggestions are provided for further research and to help move the field toward establishing consensus regarding standards of practice.

Originality/value

This paper represents, to best of the authors’ knowledge, the first of its kind in the field of therapeutic games to collate and address the core issues facing the development, deployment and growth of this potentially valuable medium.
Fashioning female feet at the turn of the twentieth century: US Cinderellas, Chinese alterity or global beauty?
Authors: He Fang
Published: December 2022

Scholars have only paid limited attention to petite feet as a US fashion and as a cross‐cultural beauty ideal. Framed as a visual metaphor of Chinese alterity, traditionalism and patriarchal oppression, footbinding served as a crucial terrain in which the USA asserted its supremacy through a racialised discourse of difference at the turn of the twentieth century. Through a comparative lens, this article spotlights powerful details about shared ideologies of women's bodies in the USA and China. By tracing how women's feet were discussed in newspaper and magazine coverage of US small foot fashion and foot contests, and locating these narratives in a global context, it uncovers the ways in which the discourse of modernity, ideology of white superiority and imperialism naturalised Western women's foot beauty norm as an aesthetic ideal, which obscured the convergences of feminine beauty standards in different parts of the world. Ironically, this racialised global hierarchy of beauty under the guise of modernity tapped into a traditional form of femininity and upset efforts to reflect on the limits of white women's agency both in a traditional patriarchal culture and in a modernising US society, which ultimately constrained possibilities of local and global transformations.
The interactive effect of job skill level and citizenship status on job depression, work engagement and turnover intentions: A moderated mediation model in the context of macro‐level turbulence (of ‘Brexit’)
Authors: Martinescu Elena , Edwards Martin R. , Leite Ana.C. , Randsley de Moura Georgina , Marques André G. , Abrams Dominic
Published: December 2022

This study examines the role that citizenship plays in moderating the relationship between job‐skill level, work‐related depression, engagement, and turnover‐intentions for UK based employees across 6 months in the year following the Brexit referendum. In two waves of data collection, citizenship moderated the relationship between job‐skill level and depressive states; among EU citizens, those in low skilled jobs experienced greater depressive states than employees in high skilled jobs, this difference was not found among UK citizens. Furthermore, depressive states were subsequently related with low work engagement and high turnover intentions and citizenship moderated the indirect‐effect of job skill on engagement and turnover intentions via depressive states. This study shows that during the turbulent times following the Brexit referendum, EU citizens in the UK with low‐skilled jobs were most affected by depressive states, were subsequently less engaged and showed higher levels of intent to quit.
Metabolism studies of 4′Cl‐CUMYL‐PINACA, 4′F‐CUMYL‐5F‐PINACA and 4′F‐CUMYL‐5F‐PICA using human hepatocytes and LC‐QTOF‐MS analysis
Authors: Stalberga Darta , Ingvarsson Sarah , Bessa Ghidaa , Maas Lisa , Vikingsson Svante , Persson Mattias , Norman Caitlyn , Gréen Henrik
Published: December 2022

4′Cl‐cumyl‐PINACA (SGT‐157), 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PINACA (4F‐cumyl‐5F‐PINACA, SGT‐65) and 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PICA (4F‐cumyl‐5F‐PICA, SGT‐64) are a series of new halogenated cumyl synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs). Due to rapid metabolism, monitoring and screening for SCRAs in biological matrices requires identification of their metabolites. It is an essential tool for estimating their spread and fluctuations in the global illicit market. The purpose of this study was to identify human biotransformations of 4′Cl‐cumyl‐PINACA, 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PINACA and 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PICA in vitro and characterize for the first time the metabolic pathways of halogenated cumyl SCRAs. 4′Cl‐cumyl‐PINACA, 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PINACA and 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PICA were incubated with human hepatocytes in duplicates for 0, 1, 3 and 5 h. The supernatants were analysed in data‐dependent acquisition on a UHPLC‐QToF‐MS, and the potential metabolites were tentatively identified. A total of 11 metabolites were detected for 4′Cl‐cumyl‐PINACA, 21 for 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PINACA and 10 for 4′F‐cumyl‐5F‐PICA. The main biotransformations were oxidative defluorination, followed by hydroxylation with dehydrogenation, N‐dealkylation, dihydrodiol formation and glucuronidation. Hydroxylations were most common at the tail moieties with higher abundancy for indole than indazole compounds. N‐dealkylations were more common for fluorinated tail chain compounds than the non‐fluorinated 4′Cl‐cumyl‐PINACA. In conclusion, many metabolites retained halogen groups at the cumyl moieties which, in various combinations, may be suitable as analytical biomarkers.
Reduced murine double minute 2 and 4 protein, but not messenger RNA, expression is associated with more severe disease in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloblastic leukaemia
Authors: Salomao Norman , Maslah Nabih , Giulianelli Anouk , Drevon Louis , Aguinaga Lorea , Gu Xiaolian , Cassinat Bruno , Giraudier Stephane , Fenaux Pierre , Fahraeus Robin
Published: December 2022

The human homologues of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and 4 (MDM4) negatively regulate p53 tumour suppressor activity and are reported to be frequently overexpressed in human malignancies, prompting clinical trials with drugs that prevent interactions between MDM2/MDM4 and p53. Bone marrow samples from 111 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia were examined for protein (fluorescence‐activated cell sorting) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of MDM2, MDM4 and tumour protein p53 (TP53). Low protein expression of MDM2 and MDM4 was observed in immature cells from patients with excess of marrow blasts (>5%) compared with CD34+/CD45low cells from healthy donors and patients without excess of marrow blasts (<5%). The mRNA levels were indistinguishable in all samples examined regardless of disease status or blast levels. Low MDM2 and MDM4 protein expression were correlated with poor survival. These data show a poor correlation between mRNA and protein expression levels, suggesting that quantitative flow cytometry analysis of protein expression levels should be used to predict and validate the efficacy of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors. These findings show that advanced disease is associated with reduced MDM2 and MDM4 protein expression and indicate that the utility of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors may have to be reconsidered in the treatment of advanced myeloid malignancies.
Phorophyte size and soil profiles differentially correlate with community structure among hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines
Authors: Clemente‐Arenas Edith Rosario , Trujillo‐Rodriguez Lucio Royer , Hilário Renato Richard , Irume Mariana Victória , Zartman Charles E. , de Toledo José Julio
Published: December 2022

Tropical non‐self‐supporting plants such as hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines are model organisms for disentangling biotic and environmental correlates which influence their occupancy patterns. We inventoried >4000 individuals from >3000 trees ranging from 1 to 200 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in a northeastern Amazonian upland forest to address how tree (phorophyte) size, edaphic factors and recruitment strategy influence occupancy, diversity, and compositional patterns of two vascular non‐self‐supporting plant functional groups. Hemiepiphytes germinate on phorophytes prior to establishing soil connections, whereas nomadic vines initiate their life cycle on the forest floor and subsequently climb phorophytes for crown access, abandoning roots replaced by adventitious connections which may reach the ground. Our results show that larger phorophytes (≥30 cm DBH) supported more species for both hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines. However, nomadic vines' occupancy probabilities saturated faster at smaller stem sizes than that of hemiepiphytes indicating differential preferences for stem sizes among the two functional groups. For smaller phorophytes (<30 cm DBH), soil correlations were stronger with nomadic vines than hemiepiphytes, whereas no significant differences were detected among functional groups in relation to edaphic factors for larger (≥ 30 cm DBH) ones. Finally, a small core group of species showed disproportionately greater abundances among large phorophytes suggesting that autogenic processes differentially promote survivability. Such interactions among phorophyte size and edaphic factors may result from the contrasting ecological requirements of hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines at the recruitment stage, demonstrating the necessity for elaborate demographic‐based studies to better understand these complex plant–plant interactions.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material
Discovery and evaluation of biphenyl derivatives of 2‐iminobenzimidazoles as prototype dual PTP1B inhibitors and AMPK activators with in vivo antidiabetic activity
Authors: Babkov Denis A. , Zhukovskaya Olga N. , Brigadirova Anastasia A. , Prilepskaya Diana R. , Kolodina Alexandra A. , Abbas Abbas Haider S. , Morkovnik Anatolii S. , Sobhia M. Elizabeth , Ghosh Ketan , Spasov Alexander A.
Published: December 2022

This work describes the synthesis of series hydrobromides of N‐(4‐biphenyl)methyl–N′‐dialkylaminoethyl‐2‐iminobenzimidazoles, which, due to the presence of two privileged structural fragments (benzimidazole and biphenyl moieties), can be considered as bi‐privileged structures. Compound 7a proved to activate AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) and simultaneously inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with similar potency. This renders it an interesting prototype of potential antidiabetic agents with a dual‐target mechanism of action. Using prove of concept in vivo study, we show that dual‐targeting compound 7a has a disease‐modifying effect in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus via improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.
Gender inequities in dental research publications: Findings from 20 years
Authors: Haag Dandara Gabriela , Schuch Helena Silveira , Nath Sonia , Baker Sarah R. , Celeste Roger Keller , Thomson W. Murray , Jamieson Lisa M.
Published: December 2022

Background

The first steps towards gender equity in science are measuring the magnitude of inequity and increasing awareness of the problem.

Objectives

To describe trends in gender disparities in first and last authorship in the most cited dental publications and general dental literature over a 20‐year period.

Methods

Articles and bibliometric data were retrieved from the Scopus database for the period 1996 to 2015. Two groups of 1000 articles each were retrieved: a random sample and another sample of top‐cited articles for each year. The gender of the first and last author of each publication was manually identified. When this was not possible, we used an online software platform (https://genderize.io/). Descriptive analyses identified the proportion of women first and last authors in both samples, stratifying by dental discipline and geographic region. Trends were ascertained by frequency metrics across years. Gender disparity was observed in both first and last authorship, with a larger gap being observed in the top‐cited sample.

Results

Women led 28.4% and 20.3% of articles in the random and top‐cited samples, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for the last authorship group (22.1% and 16.1%, respectively). An increasing trend in the proportion of articles led by women over time was observed in both samples. This increase was larger in the top‐cited sample (from 15.0% in 1996–2000 to 25.1% in 2015) than in the random sample (from 26.3% in 1996–2000 to 33.2% in 2011).

Conclusions

Clear gender disparities in dental research publications in the last 20 years were identified in both general and top‐cited manuscripts, across dental disciplines, across countries, across first and last authorship, and over time. It is paramount that actions are taken to attract, retain and promote women in science, as well as to monitor and ensure progress towards gender equity.
ROSAH syndrome mimicking chronic uveitis
Authors: Fardeau Christine , Alafaleq Munirah , Dhaenens Claire‐Marie , Dollfus Hélène , Koné‐Paut Isabelle , Grunewald Olivier , Morel Jean‐Baptiste , Titah Cherif , Saadoun David , Lazeran Patrice Olivier , Meunier Isabelle
Published: December 2022

To suggest a unique missense variant candidate based on long‐term ophthalmological changes and associated systemic signs described in five patients from two unrelated families affected by an autosomal dominant multi‐systemic disorder including Retinal dystrophy, Optic nerve oedema, Splenomegaly, Anhidrosis and migraine Headaches, called ROSAH syndrome, related to a unique missense variant in ALPK1 gene. Observational longitudinal follow‐up study of unrelated families. Clinical analysis of ophthalmological and systemic examinations was performed, followed by genetic analysis, including targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Whole‐Genome Sequencing (WGS). The ophthalmological phenotype showed extensive optic nerve swelling associated with early macular oedema and vascular leakage. The main associated systemic manifestations were recurrent fever, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, mild cytopenia, anicocytosis and hypersegmented polynuclear cells. WGS, shortened in the second family by the gene candidate suggestion, revealed in all patients the heterozygous missense variant c.710C>T; p.(Thr237Met) in ALPK1. The primary morbidity in ROSAH syndrome in this cohort appeared ophthalmological. Comprehensive, detailed phenotype changes aided by the advancement in genetic testing could allow an early genetic diagnosis of ROSAH syndrome and targeted treatment. The unique missense variant may be suggested as a target of gene correction therapy.