bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods: Formation, Toxicity, and Innovative Strategies for Extraction, Detection, and Inhibition
Authors: Patel Shubham Singh , Bains Aarti , Sharma Minaxi , Kumar Ankur , Stephen Inbaraj Baskaran , Chawla Prince , Sridhar Kandi
Published: December 2024

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced in foods during their thermal treatment through routes like the Maillard reaction. They have been linked to various health issues such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. There are multiple pathways through which AGEs can form in foods and the body. Therefore, this review work aims to explore multiple formation pathways of AGEs to gain insights into their generation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review work has analyzed the recent trends in the detection and inhibition of AGEs in food matrices. It can be highlighted, based on the surveyed literature, that UHPLC-Orbitrap-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS can produce highly sensitive results with a low limit of detection levels for AGEs in food matrices. Moreover, various works on inhibitory agents like spices, herbs, fruits, vegetables, hydrocolloids, plasma-activated water, and probiotic bacteria were assessed for their capacity to suppress the formation of AGEs in food products and simulation models. Overall, it is essential to decrease the occurrence of AGEs in food products, and future scope might include studying the interaction of macromolecular components in food products to minimize the production of AGEs without sacrificing the organoleptic qualities of processed foods.
Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Based Freshness Indicator Labels Loaded with Natural Pigments with High Stability and Sensitivity
Authors: Tan Yinglin , Liu Xiao , Cheng Zhi , Zhan Qiping , Zhao Liyan
Published: December 2024

Freshness indicator labels are crucial for food quality monitoring. However, existing labels often lack stability and sensitivity. This study aims to develop a safe freshness indicator label with high stability and sensitivity. By evaluating the pH response characteristics and stability of four natural pigments, purple potato anthocyanin (PA) was identified as having the best color properties. Mixing the more stable alizarin (AL) with PA improved the stability of the pigment solution without reducing sensitivity. These film labels are prepared with three natural biomolecules and polymers that are a two-by-two composite of them: soybean isolate protein, acacia bean gum, and sodium alginate. Through comparisons of ammonia response, color stability, water solubility, and mechanical properties, the soy protein isolate and locust bean gum composite were determined to be the optimal substrate system. The label of soybean protein isolate and locust bean gum was initially applied to the freshness identification of shrimp and chicken. The results show that the label can effectively respond to the spoilage of aquatic products and meat products and has great application potential in the field of food packaging.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Investigation on Two Different Seaweeds Under Arsenic Exposure
Authors: Guo Yuan-sheng , Gong Shuo , Xie Si-min , Chen An-zhen , Jin Hong-yu , Liu Jing , Wang Qi , Kang Shuai , Li Ping , Wei Feng , Zuo Tian-tian , Ma Shuang-cheng
Published: December 2024

Arsenic is a common toxic heavy metal contaminant that is widely present in the ocean, and seaweeds have a strong ability to concentrate arsenic, posing a potential risk to human health. This study first analyzed the arsenic content in two different seaweeds and then used an innovative method to categorize the seaweeds into low-arsenic and high-arsenic groups based on their arsenic exposure levels. Finally, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis based on mass spectrometry was conducted on seaweed from different arsenic exposure groups. The results indicated that as the arsenic concentration increased in the seaweeds, linolenic acid, tyrosine, pheophorbide a, riboflavin, and phenylalanine were upregulated, while arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), betaine, and oleamide were downregulated. The following four key metabolic pathways involving unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids were identified: isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. The identification of biomarkers and the characterization of key metabolic pathways will aid in the selection and breeding of low-arsenic-accumulating seaweed varieties, providing insights into the metabolic and detoxification mechanisms of arsenic in seaweeds.
Utilizing Lactic Acid Bacteria to Improve Hyperlipidemia: A Comprehensive Analysis from Gut Microbiota to Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Ma Changlu , Xu Chen , Zheng Mumin , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Qifeng , Lyu Jiaping , Pang Xiaoyang , Wang Yinghong
Published: December 2024

Hyperlipidemia poses significant risks for cardiovascular diseases, with emerging evidence underscoring the critical role of gut microbiota in metabolic regulation. This study explores Lactobacillus casei CAAS36, a probiotic strain with promising cholesterol-lowering capabilities, assessing its impact on hyperlipidemic hamsters. Utilizing 1H NMR-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed that L. casei CAAS36 treatment not only altered metabolic pathways but also reshaped gut microbiota composition. Notably, the treatment restored the balance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and significantly increased the abundance of propionate-producing Muribaculaceae. Metabolically, L. casei CAAS36 administration led to the normalization of key lipid markers, including reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides (29.9%, 29.4% and 32.6%), while enhancing the protective HDL-C levels. These effects were accompanied by significant increases in beneficial metabolites such as propionate and succinate, which are known for their roles in preventing metabolic disorders. These findings highlight the dual regulatory effects of L. casei CAAS36 on the metabolic profile and gut microbiota, suggesting a substantial potential for this probiotic in the management of hyperlipidemia and possibly other metabolic diseases. Future applications may include its use as a natural therapeutic agent in clinical settings, aiming to reduce reliance on conventional pharmaceuticals and their associated side effects.
Consumer Preferences, Sensory Evaluation, and Color Analysis of Beetroot and Tomato Juices: Implications for Product Development and Marketing in Health-Promoting Beverages
Authors: Kardas Marek , Rakuła Michalina , Kołodziejczyk Aleksandra , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study explores the significance of beetroot and tomato juices, two prominent health-promoting foods known for their rich nutrient content and bioactive compounds. The growing consumer awareness of the link between diet and well-being emphasizes the need for food producers to align their products with health-conscious preferences. The aim of this research was to assess the composition, color, and sensory attributes—specifically color, taste, and odor—of various commercially available beetroot and tomato juices and to evaluate their acceptability among consumers. Methods: A total of 50 dietitians (41 women and 9 men) participated in sensory evaluations and spectrophotometric color analysis using the CIELAB system, which measures lightness (L*), red–green tones (a*), and blue–yellow tones (b*). This dual approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of how color characteristics correspond to sensory ratings. Results: Results revealed significant differences in color and sensory attributes among the juices, with darker hues and higher red-tone values generally preferred by consumers. Juices with lower lightness (L*) and dominant blue or red tones (negative b*, higher a*) were consistently rated higher, suggesting that color plays a pivotal role in initial product acceptance. However, no single juice excelled across all sensory categories, indicating varied consumer preference. Conclusions: The findings underscore the influence of color on consumer perception and its potential for guiding product development. For producers of functional beverages, optimizing visual appeal through precise control of color parameters could enhance marketability while balancing sensory attributes such as taste and aroma. These insights support the development of products that satisfy both nutritional goals and consumer expectations.
Topological Degree for Operators of Class (S)+ with Set-Valued Perturbations and Its New Applications
Authors: Baranovskii Evgenii S. , Artemov Mikhail A.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the topological degree for generalized monotone operators of class (S)+ with compact set-valued perturbations. It is assumed that perturbations can be represented as the composition of a continuous single-valued mapping and an upper semicontinuous set-valued mapping with aspheric values. This allows us to extend the standard degree theory for convex-valued operators to set-valued mappings whose values can have complex geometry. Several theoretical aspects concerning the definition and main properties of the topological degree for such set-valued mappings are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the introduced degree has the homotopy invariance property and can be used as a convenient tool in checking the existence of solutions to corresponding operator inclusions. To illustrate the applicability of our approach to studying models of real processes, we consider an optimal feedback control problem for the steady-state internal flow of a generalized Newtonian fluid in a 3D (or 2D) bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary. By using the proposed topological degree method, we prove the solvability of this problem in the weak formulation.
Penetration Grouting Mechanism of Bingham Fluid in Porous Media Based on Fractal Theory
Authors: Gong Jiakun , Xu Chenxi , Wang Yuan , Gao Shan , Chen Haikuan , Jia Lu
Published: December 2024

Penetration grouting is a significant grouting technique. The pore structure has important impacts on the infiltration mechanism of slurry in porous media. In this study, based on fractal theory, a theoretical penetration grouting model for Bingham fluid is established. An experimental apparatus for simulating the penetration process of Bingham fluid with a constant flow rate is developed. A series of penetration-grouting experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical model established in this study and analyze the impacts of the water–cement ratio and flow rate on the slurry injection pressure. The results show that the theoretical values of the slurry pressure along the penetration direction obtained from the penetration grouting model match the experimental values well. This indicates that the proposed model can better describe the process of slurry infiltration and provide valuable support for related grouting projects.
Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family 3mer Higher Order Repeats/Olduvai Triplet Pattern in the Complete Genome of Human and Nonhuman Primates and Relation to Cognitive Capacity
Authors: Glunčić Matko , Vlahović Ines , Rosandić Marija , Paar Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The ~1.6 kb NBPF repeat units in neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) genes are specific to humans and are associated with cognitive capacity in higher primates. While the number of NBPF monomers/Olduvai sequences in humans is approximately 2–3 times greater than in great apes, the difference in copy number values of canonical NBPF 3mer Higher-order repeats (HORs)/Olduvai triplets between humans and great apes is substantially larger. This study aims to analyze the organization and evolutionary significance of NBPF 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets in fully sequenced primate genomes. Methods: We applied the global repeat map (GRM) algorithm to identify canonical and variant NBPF 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets in the complete genomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. The resulting monomer arrays were analyzed using the GRMhor algorithm to generate detailed schematic representations of NBPF HOR organization. Results: The analysis reveals a distinct difference in NBPF-related patterns among these primates, particularly in the number of tandemly organized canonical 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets: 61 tandemly organized canonical NBPF 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets in humans, compared to 0 in chimpanzees and orangutans, and 9 in gorillas. When considering only tandemly organized 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets with more than three copies, the numbers adjust to 36 in humans and 0 in great apes. Furthermore, the divergence between individual NBPF monomers in humans and great apes is twice as high as that observed within great apes. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that the tandem organization of NBPF 3mer HORs/Olduvai triplets plays a crucial role in enhancing cognitive capacity in humans compared to great apes, potentially providing a significant evolutionary advantage. This effect complements the impact of the increased number of individual NBPF monomers/Olduvai sequences, together contributing to a synergistic amplification effect.
Analyses of Human Genetic Data to Identify Clinically Relevant Domains of Neuroligins
Authors: Lehr Alexander W. , McDaniel Kathryn F. , Roche Katherine W.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Neuroligins (NLGNs) are postsynaptic adhesion molecules critical for neuronal development that are highly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we provide an overview of the literature on NLGN rare variants. In addition, we introduce a new approach to analyze human variation within NLGN genes to identify sensitive regions that have an increased frequency of ASD-associated variants to better understand NLGN function. Methods: To identify critical protein subdomains within the NLGN gene family, we developed an algorithm that assesses tolerance to missense mutations in human genetic variation by comparing clinical variants from ClinVar to reference variants from gnomAD. This approach provides tolerance values to subdomains within the protein. Results: Our algorithm identified several critical regions that were conserved across multiple NLGN isoforms. Importantly, this approach also identified a previously reported cluster of pathogenic variants in NLGN4X (also conserved in NLGN1 and NLGN3) as well as a region around the highly characterized NLGN3 R451C ASD-associated mutation. Additionally, we highlighted other, as of yet, uncharacterized regions enriched with mutations. Conclusions: The systematic analysis of NLGN ASD-associated variants compared to variants identified in the unaffected population (gnomAD) reveals conserved domains in NLGN isoforms that are tolerant to variation or are enriched in clinically relevant variants. Examination of databases also allows for predictions of the presumed tolerance to loss of an allele. The use of the algorithm we developed effectively allowed the evaluation of subdomains of NLGNs and can be used to examine other ASD-associated genes.
Transfer RNA Levels Are Tuned to Support Differentiation During Drosophila Neurogenesis
Authors: Wint Rhondene , Cleary Michael D.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Neural differentiation requires a multifaceted program to alter gene expression along the proliferation to the differentiation axis. While critical changes occur at the level of transcription, post-transcriptional mechanisms allow fine-tuning of protein output. We investigated the role of tRNAs in regulating gene expression during neural differentiation in Drosophila larval brains. Methods: We quantified tRNA abundance in neural progenitor-biased and neuron-biased brains using the hydrotRNA-seq method. These tRNA data were combined with cell type-specific mRNA decay measurements and transcriptome profiles in order to model how tRNA abundance affects mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Results: We found that (1) tRNA abundance is largely constant between neural progenitors and neurons but significant variation exists for 10 nuclear tRNA genes and 8 corresponding anticodon groups, (2) tRNA abundance correlates with codon-mediated mRNA decay in neuroblasts and neurons, but does not completely explain the different stabilizing or destabilizing effects of certain codons, and (3) changes in tRNA levels support a shift in translation optimization from a program supporting proliferation to a program supporting differentiation. Conclusions: These findings reveal coordination between tRNA expression and codon usage in transcripts that regulate neural development.
Genetic Research and Plant Breeding 2.0
Authors: Kang Kwon-Kyoo , Jung Yu-Jin , Cho Yong-Gu
Published: December 2024

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have significantly reduced sequencing costs, resulting in the creation of large-scale genomic data that can be utilized for plant breeding [...]
Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Dimitrijević Iva , Hnatešen Dijana , Radoš Ivan , Budrovac Dino , Raguž Marija
Published: December 2024

Background: Low back pain has frequently been mentioned as the most common sort of chronic pain, and numerous studies have confirmed its influence on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite a great deal of research demonstrating the important part that psychological factors play in explaining HRQoL, a therapeutic setting that prioritizes the physical domain still predominates. For this reason, the aim of this study is to assess the relationship between age, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, pain-related anxiety, chronic pain acceptance and the psychological and physical dimensions of HRQoL in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Data were collected from 201 patients with CLBP using sociodemographic data, the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale Short Form 20 (PASS-20), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). The linear regression model for the dependent variable of Physical Health (SF-36 PhyH) was statistically significant (F (7, 201) = 38.951, p < 0.05), explaining 57.6% of the variance regarding the Physical Health dimension of HRQL in patients with CLBP. Results: The linear regression model for the dependent variable of Psychological Health (SF-36 PsyH) was statistically significant (F (7, 200) = 39.049, p < 0.05), explaining 57.7% of the variance regarding the Psychological Health dimension of HRQL in patients with CLBP. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm that age, pain intensity, depression, pain-related anxiety and chronic pain acceptance are significant predictors of the physical dimension of HRQoL, while pain intensity, anxiety and depression proved to be significant predictors of the psychological dimension of HRQoL in patients with CLBP.
Knowledge and Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Prosthodontic Procedures Among Dental Students and Professionals
Authors: Alkadi Lubna , Farook Fathima Fazrina , Binmoghaiseeb Ibraheem , Alyousef Yara , Alabdulwahab Abdullah , Aljohani Raghad , Asiri Ali
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential to ensure the safety of dental personnel and patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and compliance of dental undergraduate students, interns, and postgraduate students with IPC measures in prosthodontic procedures. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, involving 216 participants selected using stratified random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and compliance. Statistical analyses, including the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test, were conducted to explore factors influencing knowledge and compliance levels. Results: Participants demonstrated a high level of IPC knowledge, with 93.55% correctly identifying the goal of infection control. However, gaps were noted, such as only 41.23% recognizing the recommended handwashing duration. Sex differences in knowledge were marginally statistically significant (p < 0.05), while academic level showed no significant association. Compliance was high in some areas, such as handwashing after treating patients (81.11%), but lower in others, such as disinfecting digital equipment between patients (36.87%). Higher self-confidence was significantly associated with greater knowledge scores (p < 0.05), while self-satisfaction with knowledge did not correlate with knowledge levels. Conclusions: This study highlights strong IPC measures knowledge and compliance during prosthodontic procedures among dental personnel, with some gaps in understanding and practice. Addressing these gaps through targeted training and standardized guidelines can further enhance safety and infection control in clinical settings, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.
Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination in the Italian General Population: Proactive Clinical Risk Analysis Using Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis Technique
Authors: Balestracci Beatrice , Candido Giuseppe , Federici Lorenzo , Parretti Chiara , Tartaglia Riccardo , Lachman Peter , Bianco Alessandra , La Regina Micaela
Published: December 2024

Background: Large-scale vaccination was crucial to address the global COVID-19 pandemic and its associated health risks, including fatal and disabling diseases. However, there were significant challenges to be overcome to ensure the safe and effective implementation of the vaccination program. The aim of the present study was to assess patient safety threats related to the anti-COVID-19 large-scale vaccination process. Methods: Between February and May 2021, we conducted a proper analysis to proactively identify risks and potential Failure Modes (FMs) in the COVID-19 vaccination process using the Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) technique at an Italian Public Health Authority. A standardized risk scoring system was used to assess the severity, frequency, and detectability of events associated with potential failures. Criticalities were identified in both the preparatory and operational areas of the vaccination process, and several potential FMs were listed in descending order of risk score (Risk Priority Number, RPN) to ensure prioritization of interventions. Results: The most critical steps were found to be in the operational area rather than in the preparatory one. The highest RPNs were associated with failure or inadequate management of severe allergic reactions that can lead to serious harm and even death of the vaccinated person (RPN 60) and failure to keep updated vaccination teams’ knowledge (RPN 36). Conclusions: Ensuring patient safety and effective clinical risk management are crucial in mass vaccination campaigns. By prioritizing these aspects through collaboration with various stakeholders and implementing preventive measures, patient trust—on which vaccination campaign success relies—can be built and maintained.
Effects of Combination Taping Technique on Disability, Functional Capacity, and Knee Isokinetic Torque in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Alkhamees Nouf H. , Abdelraouf Osama R. , Ali Olfat Ibrahim , Ibrahim Zizi M. , Elborady Amal A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Treatments that combine both elastic and rigid taping in knee osteoarthritis have not yet been investigated in the literature. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate how the combination taping technique affects functional status, disability, and quadricep isokinetic torque in cases of knee osteoarthritis. Patient Methods: A total of fifty-four patients were assigned to the experimental group or control group. Conventional physical therapy was provided to both groups, in addition, participants in the experimental group also received combination taping. Disability, functional status, and isokinetic quadriceps torque were assessed at baseline, six weeks (post-intervention), and twelve weeks (follow-up). Results: MANOVA showed that post-intervention measurements were significantly better than baseline measurements of both groups, except for isokinetic quadriceps torque, which showed a nonsignificant difference in the control group. The control group’s follow-up measurements revealed nonsignificant differences from those taken after the intervention, whereas the experimental group’s differences were significant excluding isokinetic quadriceps torque. Measurements taken at post-intervention and follow-up revealed that the experimental group had significantly improved compared to the control groups. Conclusions: Combination taping was found to be more beneficial when used in addition to conventional physical therapy than when used alone in knee OA.
Gibberellin Treatment Accelerates Starch Decomposition and Seed Germination in Sticky Nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.)
Authors: Xu Haobo , Mo Danni , Zhang Xingyu , Li Fangman , Tao Jinbao , Ge Pingfei , Yang Yang , Wang Ziyuan , Zhang Yuyang
Published: December 2024

Sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.) is a spiny species with a variety of disease resistance characteristics found worldwide within the Solanum genus. However, its low germination rate and long germination period pose obstacles to the effective use of this species. Here, we treated Sticky nightshade with different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3) and observed paraffin sections of Sticky nightshade seeds treated with different GA3 concentrations over different time ranges. The results showed that a 400 mg/L exogenous GA3 concentration at room temperature could improve the germination rate of Sticky nightshade the most effectively. Exogenous GA3 treatment can significantly accelerate the hydrolysis of starch granules and increase the germination rate of seeds. Subsequently, we also measured the MDA content of Sticky nightshade seeds treated with different GA3 concentrations over different time ranges. The result reveals that GA3 treatment can steadily decrease Sticky nightshade seeds’ MDA content during germination, indicating that exogenous GA3 treatment also reduces membrane peroxidation and maintains the stability of the plasma membrane. In this paper, we identified an optimal GA3-treated concentration of Sticky nightshade to improve seed germination at room temperature and explored the reason why the exogenous GA3 treatment of Sticky nightshade seed increased the germination rate.
Study on Phenotypic Variation in Wild Populations of Prunella vulgaris
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Shasha , Liu Fangming , Zhou Xinhua , Huang Hui , Yuan Qiupeng , Miao Chao , Yang Yi , Zhong Wenwen , Hu Zuwei , Chen Chen , Zhou Yaokun , Li Zhi
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the variation law of phenotypic traits such as the stem, leaf, flower, main branch ear and seed of Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus. (P. vulgaris), providing provide basic data support for protecting its wild germplasm resources. The phenotypic traits of stems, leaves, flowers, main branch ears and seeds of different wild populations of P. vulgaris were measured to reveal the phenotypic variation among and within populations of P. vulgaris, and to provide a scientific basis for the protection, utilization and collection of wild P. vulgaris germplasm resources. Methods: Variance analysis, coefficient of variation analysis, multiple comparison analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the phenotypic traits of nine wild P. vulgaris populations in different regions of China. Results: The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of nine traits was 52.04%. Inter-population variation was the main source of phenotypic variation of P. vulgaris. The average variation coefficient of each trait in the population was 21.25%, and the variation range was 15.02–28.94%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a strong autocorrelation between phenotypic traits of wild P. vulgaris, and spikes and stems were greatly affected by environmental factors. According to the diameter of the stem and ear, nine wild P. vulgaris from different geographical populations could be divided into three groups. Group III (AHHS, JXFY) had the best phenotypic traits, and the traits of stem height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and main branch ear length were the largest. The contribution rate of the three principal components screened by principal component analysis was 85.78%. Conclusions: We believe that the phenotypic differentiation among wild populations of P. vulgaris is at a medium level, and the variation within the population is smaller than that between populations, which may be an important reason for the sharp decline in the wild resources of P. vulgaris.
Exploring Beliefs, Concerns, Prenatal Care Advice, and Sources of Information About Gestational Weight Gain Among Immigrant Central American Pregnant Women in the United States
Authors: Moreno Virginia A. , Lucero Doris , Rodriguez-Cruz Nachalie , Le Qun , Greaney Mary L. , Lindsay Ana Cristina
Published: December 2024

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is critical for maternal and neonatal health, but excessive GWG can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased obesity risk later in life. Minoritized and immigrant women often face higher risks of excessive GWG. This cross-sectional study assessed Central American women’s beliefs and concerns about GWG, the receipt of advice from healthcare providers, and sources of information for healthy weight management during pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 93 pregnant women from El Salvador (31.2%), Guatemala (46.2%), and Honduras (22.6%). Most participants were married (91.4%), and 91.2% had household incomes below $40,000. Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight status varied significantly (p = 0.03), with more Guatemalans self-reporting as overweight (34.9%) compared to Salvadorans (10.3%) and Hondurans (19.1%). Beliefs about GWG varied significantly; 72.1% of Guatemalan women accepted “eating for two”, while only 31.0% of Salvadorans did (p = 0.002). More Honduran women (90.5%) received weight gain recommendations from healthcare providers than Salvadorans (62.1%) and Guatemalans (60.5%) (p = 0.04). The Internet and family were common information sources on weight management, highlighting the need for culturally tailored health education. This study underscores critical differences in beliefs and access to prenatal care among pregnant Central American immigrant women, emphasizing the importance of culturally competent health education to support healthy pregnancy outcomes.
School Closures on Bullying Experiences of Treatment-Seeking Children and Youth: The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Within Ontario, Canada
Authors: Stewart Shannon L. , Withers Abigail , Poss Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2024

Amongst school-aged children and youth, bullying is a significant problem warranting further investigation. The current study sought to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic waves and school closures on the bullying experiences of 22,012 children aged 4–18-years-old who were referred and assessed at mental health agencies in Ontario, Canada. Individual, familial, and mental health variables related to bullying experiences were also investigated. Data were collected from January 2017 to February 2022. The pre-pandemic period of study included January to June 2017, September 2018/2019 to June 2019/2020. The pandemic period was divided into categories of remote learning (17 March 2020 to 30 June 2020, 8 January 2021 to 16 February 2021, 12 April 2021 to 30 June 2021) and in-person learning (remaining pandemic dates). The summer holidays pre-pandemic were in July–August 2017, 2018, 2019 and during the pandemic they were in July–August 2020 and 2021. Logistic regressions were conducted to analyze data. Findings related to COVID-19 showed bullying rates to be lower during the pandemic when compared to pre-pandemic levels (bullied others during pandemic in school: OR = 0.44, CI = 0.34–0.57; victim of bullying during pandemic in school: OR = 0.41, CI = 0.33–0.5). Furthermore, bullying rates were lower during the pandemic periods when schools were closed for in-person learning (bullied others during pandemic remote: OR = 0.62, CI = 0.45–0.85; victim of bullying during pandemic remote: OR = 0.24, CI = 0.17–0.34). Children who lived in lower income areas, experienced home life challenges, exhibited mental health difficulties, or had behavioural concerns were more likely to be involved in bullying experiences. Finally, classroom type and school program impacted the child’s likelihood of bullying others or being bullied. These findings further our understanding of the impact of school closures on children’s mental health and behaviour during the pandemic. Public health and policy implications such as bullying prevention, supervision, and conflict management are discussed.
Accessibility Measures: From a Literature Review to a Classification Framework
Authors: Mazzulla Gabriella , Pirrone Carlo Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the accessibility measures and models used in land use and transportation planning, highlighting their evolution and recent applications. It categorizes the accessibility measures into passive and active, detailing their theoretical foundations and examining the differences between behavioral and non-behavioral models. By synthesizing the literature, this paper proposes a conceptual classification framework that integrates various accessibility measures. We aim to provide a structured classification of the accessibility measures, dividing them into various levels and grouping them into macro-areas and methodologies. This approach allows for the adaptation of the accessibility measures based on the specific study context, considering the hypotheses made beforehand and the relevant parameters for different scenarios. The findings emerging from the proposed classification framework highlight two opposite ways to measure accessibility: on the one hand, by considering the physical distance between locations, in terms of both spatial separation and proximity; on the other hand, by capturing individuals’ preferences and attitudes toward reaching goods, services or activities and then measuring the “perceived” accessibility. We underscore the necessity of considering both approaches in planning processes to create equitable and sustainable urban environments. This structured classification aims to guide researchers and planners in selecting appropriate tools tailored to specific contexts and needs, which means choosing the most appropriate accessibility measure to use, depending on the characteristics of the case being examined and the specific needs of the project.
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of Wearable Technology: Findings from the Vivo Play Scientist (VPS) Program
Authors: Doyle-Baker Patricia K. , Petersen Jennie A. , Ghoneim Dalia , Blackstaffe Anita , Naish Calli , McCormack Gavin R.
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a Canadian recreation centre launched a community-based intervention to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). The Vivo Play Scientist (VPS) program provided a free wearable device (Garmin Vivofit4) that synchronized with a customized eHealth dashboard. Aim: The study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of the VPS program through the participants’ use and experiences of the device and dashboard using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Method: We employed a concurrent mixed-methods approach of online surveys and semi-structured telephone interviews and estimated the device and dashboard’s perceived usefulness and ease of use with TAM. Results: Of the 318 participants (mean age 39.8) 87 enrolled and completed the survey at baseline-T0, 4 wks-T1, and 8 wks-T2. Maximal-variation sampling was used to select 23 participants (78%, F) for interviews. We compared frequency of use, perceived usefulness and ease of use of the device and dashboard across all surveys using non-parametric statistical tests. A thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Participants had some experience using a wearable device (46%) or eHealth application (49%). A high use (≥4 d/wk.) of Vivofit4 at T1 (93%) and T2 (87%) occurred, but dashboard use was less frequent (≥1 d/wk. T1 54.0% and T2 47.1%). Average levels of perceived usefulness and ease of use for the Vivofit4 and dashboard remained constant from T1 to T2. Average daily PA scores decreased from T1 to T2 (4.9 to 4.5; p = 0.017). Conclusion: Participants were guarded about the value of the dashboard use and reported several challenges associated with the VPS program, but the free device and dashboard did provide PA support during the pandemic.
Efficient Production of Recombinant Human Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Escherichia coli Through the Engineering of Its Pro-Region
Authors: Spaccapaniccia Elisa , Cazzorla Tiziano , Rossetti Daniela , De Simone Lucio , Antonangeli Maria Irene , Antonosante Andrea , Galli Francesca , Cattani Franca , Maffei Mariano , Martin Franck
Published: December 2024

Thus far, no manufacturing process able to support industrialization has been reported for the recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (rhBDNF). Here, we described the setup of a new protocol for its production in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its purification to homogeneity. A synthetic gene, codifying for the neurotrophin precursor, was inserted into an E. coli expression vector and transformed into BL21 (DE3) strain. The recombinant protein accumulates, at high yields, into inclusion bodies. With the developed strategy, more than 50% of the precursor can be refolded. The protein is successively digested by trypsin and the rhBDNF mature form is finally purified by two additional chromatographic steps If the wild-type precursor can be efficiently obtained by the proposed methodology, its pro-peptide remotion, through enzymatic digestion, is however problematic. To circumvent this difficulty, the precursor hinge region, containing the natural furin recognition site, was engineered to be more specifically cleaved by trypsin. Notwithstanding the substitution of three residues in the pro-region carboxyterminal, the precursor correctly refolds and is efficiently cleaved to generate a biologically active mature rhBDNF. This efficient high-yield process fills the current need of a scalable protocol to produce GMP-grade material and unlocks the rhBDNF employment in future clinical investigations.
Regulation of Cancer Metastasis by PAK2
Authors: Wu Megan , Sarkar Chandan , Guo Bin
Published: December 2024

PAK2 is a serine-threonine kinase and a member of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family. PAK2 is activated by GTP-bound rho family GTPases, Rac, and Cdc42, and it regulates actin dynamics, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and cell motility. In various types of cancers, PAK2 has been implicated in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, recent studies have shown that PAK2 plays an important role in cancer cell metastasis, indicating PAK2 as a potential therapeutic target. This review discusses recent discoveries on the functions of PAK2 in the regulation of various types of cancers. A better understanding of the mechanisms of function of PAK2 will facilitate future development of cancer therapies.
Chronic Oxidative Stress and Stress Granule Formation in UBQLN2 ALS Neurons: Insights into Neuronal Degeneration and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Gu Ao , Zhang Yiti , He Jianfeng , Zhao Mingri , Ding Lingjie , Liu Wanxi , Xiao Jianing , Huang Jiali , Liu Mujun , Liu Xionghao
Published: December 2024

The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases results from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Aging and chronic oxidative stress are critical contributors to neurodegeneration. UBQLN2, a ubiquitin-related protein, aids in protein degradation and protects against oxidative stress. In ALS neurons harboring UBQLN2 mutations, oxidative stress accelerates pathological changes, yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Using induced motor neurons (iMNs) derived from UBQLN2 P497H iPSCs, we observed ALS-like phenotypes, including TDP-43 mislocalization, increased cell death, and reduced viability. Sodium arsenite (SA)-induced oxidative stress triggered stress granule formation, while autophagy dysfunction exacerbated neuronal degeneration. CHX and bosutinib treatments reduced ubiquitinated protein accumulation and alleviated degeneration, highlighting potential therapeutic pathways. These findings emphasize the role of chronic oxidative stress and stress granule formation in UBQLN2 ALS, offering insights into novel therapeutic targets.
Exploring Drought Resistance Genes from the Roots of the Wheat Cultivar Yunhan1818
Authors: Qiao Linyi , Chang Lifang , Kai Mengxiang , Zhang Xueqi , Kang Tingting , Wu Lijuan , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Xin , Zhao Jiajia , Zhao Zhiyong , Zheng Jun
Published: December 2024

The root is an important organ by which plants directly sense variation in soil moisture. The discovery of drought stress-responsive genes in roots is very important for the improvement of drought tolerance in wheat varieties via molecular approaches. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the roots of drought-tolerant wheat cultivar YH1818 seedlings at 0, 2, and 7 days after treatment (DAT). Based on a weighted gene correlation network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 coexpression modules were identified, of which five modules comprising 3107 DEGs were related to 2 or 7 DAT under drought stress conditions. A total of 223,357 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these DEGs were retrieved from public databases. Using the R language package and GAPIT program, association analysis was performed between the 223,357 SNPs and the drought tolerance coefficient (DTC) values of six drought resistance-related traits in 114 wheat germplasms. The results revealed that 18 high-confidence SNPs of 10 DEGs, including TaPK, TaRFP, TaMCO, TaPOD, TaC3H-ZF, TaGRP, TaDHODH, TaPPDK, TaLectin, and TaARF7-A, were associated with drought tolerance. The RT–qPCR results confirmed that these genes were significantly upregulated by drought stress at 7 DAT. Among them, TaARF7-A contained three DTC-related SNPs, which presented two haplotypes in the tested wheat germplasms. YH1818 belongs to the Hap1 allele, which is involved in increased drought tolerance. This study revealed key modules and candidate genes for understanding the drought-stress response mechanism in wheat roots.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Nakazaki Masahito , Yokoyama Takahiro , Lankford Karen L. , Hirota Ryosuke , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu
Published: December 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) exacerbating damage by allowing harmful substances and immune cells to infiltrate spinal neural tissues from the vasculature. This leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired axonal regeneration. The BSCB, essential for maintaining spinal cord homeostasis, is structurally similar to the blood–brain barrier. Its restoration is a key therapeutic target for improving outcomes in SCI. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have gained attention for their regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in promoting BSCB repair. MSCs enhance BSCB integrity by improving endothelial–pericyte association, restoring tight junction proteins, and reducing inflammation. MSC-EVs, which deliver bioactive molecules, replicate many of MSCs’ therapeutic effects, and offer a promising cell-free alternative. Preclinical studies have shown that both MSCs and MSC-EVs can reduce BSCB permeability, promote vascular stability, and support functional recovery. While MSC therapy is advancing in clinical trials, MSC-EV therapies require further optimization in terms of production, dosing, and delivery protocols. Despite these challenges, both therapeutic approaches represent significant potential for treating SCI by targeting BSCB repair and improving patient outcomes.
Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases Polymorphisms with Glaucoma Risk, Glaucoma Phenotype, and Response to Treatment with Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty or Latanoprost
Authors: Atanasovska Velkovska Makedonka , Goričar Katja , Blagus Tanja , Dolžan Vita , Cvenkel Barbara
Published: December 2024

In open-angle glaucoma, the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is caused by an increased resistance to aqueous humour outflow in the trabecular meshwork. Since genetic variability of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes may influence extracellular matrix remodelling, we investigated their association with glaucoma risk and/or response to treatment. The retrospective part of the study included patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT); in the prospective part of the study, newly diagnosed patients with POAG or OHT were randomised to receive either latanoprost or selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as the initial treatment. The reduction in IOP was measured 6 weeks after treatment. The following MMP single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped: MMP2 rs243865, rs243849, and rs7201; MMP3 rs3025058; MMP9 rs17576, rs17577, rs20544, and rs2250889; MMP14 rs1042704, rs1042704, and rs743257. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios to assess the association between MMP polymorphism and risk of POAG or OHT, glaucoma phenotypes and response to treatment. Only carriers of the MMP3 rs3025058 TT genotype had a significantly higher risk of OHT, more advanced glaucoma, and a higher C/D ratio in the additive and dominant models. None of the investigated MMP polymorphisms were associated with response to treatment with latanoprost and SLT in our study population.
Bioinformatic Tools for Studying the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine Efficacy, and Future Pandemics at the Global Population Level
Authors: López Daniel , Zumárraga Javier
Published: December 2024

Antigen recognition by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction is critical for an adequate antiviral response in both natural infection and vaccination. However, the overwhelming polymorphism of HLA, with nearly 40,000 alleles identified, is an important limitation for the global analysis of cellular immune responses and vaccine efficacy. In this narrative review, we included several immunoinformatics studies performed in our laboratory to circumvent this limitation. These analyses focused on studying the cellular immune responses restricted by the most common HLA alleles, and their role in vaccine efficacy. Computational studies validated experimentally, such as our laboratory has carried out, represent a useful, rapid, and cost-effective strategy to combat future pandemics.