bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEUROPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF CLEISTOCALYX NERVOSUM VAR. PANIALA FRUIT EXTRACT AND ITS BIOACTIVE COMPOUND ON ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN MOUSE HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL HT22 CELL LINE
Authors:   , Sukprasansap Monruedee
Published: November 2023

The excessive glutamate-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the one of the leading causes of neuronal cell death which associates with many neurodegenerative diseases. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala (CNP) is an indigenous berry fruit found in the North of Thailand. It has many bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanin which has been shown to possess powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this research was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CNP extract and its major bioactive compound; cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), against ROS-mediated ER stress induced by glutamate in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. CNP extract was clarified for its radical scavenging activities, total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. The key anthocyanin-C3G used as a marker to standardize the extract in the study. We found that CNP extract and C3G prevented glutamate-induced apoptosis cell death. For mechanistic approach, glutamate-induced cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated ER stress pathways, indicating by the increase of ROS and ER stress signatures including calpain, caspases-12 and C/EBP homologous proteins (CHOP). CNP extract and C3G suppressed ROS and ER stress in glutamate-treated cells by up-regulating the survival proteins, including extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor E2-related factor2 (Nrf2). Moreover, the gene expressions of endogenous antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), and phase II enzymes (glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs)) were significantly increased in CNP extract and C3G treated cells. Taken together, our results provide the information and molecular mechanism of CNP extract and C3G as a promising neuroprotectant and antioxidant via activation of ERK/Nrf2 survival pathway.
Automatic video similarity measure using vectorized attributed graph matching
Authors:   , Veeraprasit Suprachaya
Published: November 2023

The video scene similarity is introduced in term of the objects' positions analysis. The background objects' positions which are extracted from the video scene are transformed into the spatial logical functions. The spatial logical function which is used to represent the objects' positions on the scene are decoded into top-view model which is projected on the grid unit plane later. From the simulated grid unit plane, the video scene top-view model information are kept in digital form which can be used variously and easily. Besides those data in grid unit plane are the features in the semantic spatial graph. The transformation from unit plane into graph is described in this dissertation. The semantic spatial graph is used to identify the pattern of the objects' position in a scene. Due to the characteristic of semantic spatial graph, the comparing between video scenes are simplified. The transformation to top-view model is robust to perspective. Eventhough the view are changed perspectively, the semantic spatial graph can determined the similarity through top-view model. The robustness of this algorithm are showed by the some examples of the experiments.
EFFECTIVE ONLINE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL SERVICE PROVIDER INFORMATION
Authors:   , Vedrasco Man
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the current active Medical Tourism websites and discusses the availability of various features among these websites. The analysis is based on the collected data about the features’ importance and users’ online search patterns from those people have experiences in Medical Tourism and medical information search on the Internet. This study focuses on the medical tourism market in Thailand due to its popularity and high ranking among other international medical tourism destinations. A medical tourism aggregative system is proposed by using one of the Data Mining tools – Association rule. The system evaluation showed the proposed system can improve users' information processing speed and reduce users' decision making time.
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING - CASE STUDY ON COMPUTER CENTER SERVICE
Authors:   , Phiphopsuthipaiboon Soontorn
Published: November 2023

The objective of this thesis is to reengineer process of the computer service center to reduce the cycle time of service process since the waiting time is long. This research uses Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to improve the performance and reduce non-value added activities of the current process. The practical BPR framework and BPR theories are applied in this thesis. In this thesis, the BPR framework can be divided into four steps, which are 1) Identification process to identify the current process correctly and clearly, 2) Review to update and analyze the As-Is process, to find the root problems, and to collect all problems via Fishbone Diagram, 3) Design the To-Be process framework to support redesign decision on each step until finishes creating the new process, and 4) Test and Implement the To-Be process in the computer service center. The results show that the new process has 11 steps, which is fewer than the current process that consists of 17 steps. Waiting time of request documentation reduces to 1133 minutes/job, while the cycle time of service reduces to 1.21 days/job. Moreover, the ratio of rework in the new process is 1.20% which is better than the current process of 10.47%.
Development of microneedles containing gamma-aminobutyric acid for skin delivery
Authors:   , Panrod Kritchapol
Published: November 2023

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to have several skin benefits. Since GABA is a small water soluble molecule which may have problems getting through stratum corneum to its site of action. Therefore, newly invented microneedles (MNs) fabrication of polypropylene (PP) plastic was investigated as a delivery system for GABA. Physical and chemical properties of fabricated MNs and GABA loaded MNs with height 1 mm and two different dipping distances (i.e., 1 mm and 1.5 mm) were studied. PP MNs were successfully produced. Physical properties including MNs physical appearance, the strength of MNs against axial force and skin penetration were studied. Both MNs made from different dipping distances showed no significant difference in needle height with means of 1.03 ± 0.15 and 1.01 ± 0.15 mm, respectively but showed significant difference in drug pocket depth with means of 0.96 ± 0.09 and 1.46 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. These MNs could withstand applied force (6 N/needle against axial force) without significant deformation or fracture in the failure strength tests. About the chemical property, different GABA loadings were found with MNs made from 1 and 1.5 mm dipping distances which were 551.25 and 715.25 µg GABA/piece, respectively. Loading capacities were correlated with the drug pocket size where larger pocket size could load more GABA than smaller one. These primitive fabricated MNs has noticeably wider tip radiuses (i.e., 252.22 ± 13.79 µm for 1 mm dipping distance and 233.51 ± 9.45 µm for 1.5 mm dipping distance). As a result, two produced MNs did not penetrate through the pig skin even using pressing force of 7 kg/piece. Further development of this primitive prototype of PP MNs is needed to be able to break into the skin. However, promising early results showed that the developed MNs can be a potential delivery system of small and water soluble molecule through the skin.
Development of facial mask products containing gardenia fruit extract
Authors:   , Sunatwanichkul Sujima
Published: November 2023

Gardenia fruit is widely used in medical treatment. Geniposide and crocins are the major active compounds in gardenia dried ripe fruit. This research focused on geniposide due to its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to study solvent effect on the extraction of gardenia dried fruit. The solvents were water, 50% ethanol and 70% ethanol. Each crude dried fruit portion was extracted twice consecutively using 2 solvents. Yellow orange color flake was obtained after the gardenia extract was lyophilized and geniposide content in the gardenia extract flake was evaluated. The highest extraction yield (13.06±0.75% by weight) and geniposide content (18.92±0.02% by weight) were obtained when water and 50% ethanol were consecutively used to extract gardenia dried fruit. Powder facial mask and peel-off gel facial mask were developed and the gardenia extract was added to the mask bases for after sun exposure use to reduce skin inflammation. The powder facial mask base containing 1% w/w of xanthan gum provided satisfied appearance and a suitable peel-off mask film was obtained when 0.5% w/w of tragacanth and glycerine were added in the peel-off gel mask base. Both facial masks containing gardenia extract were kept at 4, 30 and 40 oC for 3 months. The result showed that the powder facial mask and the peel-off gel facial mask were physically stable but geniposide remained unchanged only in the peel-off gel facial mask. It could be due to more acidic condition and stabilizing agent in the peel-off gel facial mask formula.
Milking the laughs : finding ways to alter theatrical elements to garner better word of mouth recommendations and social media proliferation
Authors:   , Mccreadie Andrew
Published: November 2023

The primary goal of this study is to analyze the motivations of attendees of live comedy, to consider the motivations of the subset of those patrons who choose to share with others about their comedy entertainment experiences (either online or otherwise), and to identify any correlation between the two sets of motivations. The resulting findings may offer comedy producers valuable insight which they can use when making decisions to focus effort, energy and resources toward activating both sets of motivations, thereby encouraging potential patrons to attend their events, and simultaneously leveraging the valuable WOM (word-of-mouth) advertising potential of those patrons to further broaden their marketing outreach.
FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY DURING 30 YEARS OF THE MUN RIVER, WESTERN PART OF CHANGWAT BURIRAM
Authors:   , Srisunthon Prapawadee
Published: November 2023

Mun River is a very crucial right bank tributaries of Mekong River which has been known for its complexity of meandering. Those geomorphology that are effected by river’s movement and a helical flow are changed during a period of time. The various geomorphologies during different times can be interpreted from aerial photos, maps, and satellite images and measure the intensity of change by using geomorphic criteria calculation. The geomorphic criteria which are used to quantify river changes are Sinuosity Index (SI), Radius of Curvature (RC) and Channel Width (W). All these criteria and their relationship were used for further examine about meander geometry. As a consequence, SI of Mun River during 30 years has increasing from 1.5 to 1.8 which means the modern Mun River becomes more sinuous. The value of channel width average is decreasing from 72.81 to 39.45 m by influence of the increasing of flow velocity. The river has migration rate of 0.5 – 1.8 m/y. Normalization in migration rate and bend curvature (RC/W) revealed that erosion rate from 1976 to 2009 has a tendency to depreciate. Moreover, profiling from 3 different locations, it found lithofacies that predominated Mun River are Sh, St and Sl. Every lithofacies are identify in a sandy group. This information can prove that Mun River in study area was eroded from a pure sandy source associate with Mahasarakham formation. Also, the research was carried out by using a geophysical tool, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), to unveil the subaerially structure of point bars. The tool is a non- destructive geophysical technique that invented for shallow subsurface survey. Not only it can explore underneath earth without penetrate and drill to the ground but also it can show image and estimates depth of subsurface object. By using magnetic wave (microwave) and reflection theory, GPR allows to record a near-continuous sedimentary structures. 8 GPR survey lines from 2 sites achieved by using 200 MHz antenna attached with an odometer based survey wheel for distance tracking. 8 GPR radar facies were recognized to expose variety of sediment characteristics e.g. channel fills, side bar deposit and sand beded. The results from GPR interpretation indicated the complexity of braided characteristic under point bars. Therefore, it can conclude that point bars have developed from mid-channel bars.
INVESTIGATION OF FOCAL MECHANISM AND FRACTAL DIMENSIONALONG THE SUMATRA-ANDAMAN SUBDUCTION ZONE
Authors:   , Ketthong Toatin
Published: November 2023

The Sumatra–Andaman Subduction Zone (SASZ) is one of the most seismically active subduction zone which have generated continuously many great earthquakes. The main aim of this research is to investigate focal mechanism and fractal dimension including b value of the frequency-magnitude distribution model. Regarding to focal mechanism, this research focused on two seismotectonic setting which are (i) interplate, 0-50 km-depth and (ii) intraslab, 50-1,000 km-depth. Both settings reveal the mechanisms of fault as oblique and reverse faulting. The average dip angle of the thrust fault is around 45๐. In case of fractal dimension and b value, we analyzed both of spatial and temporal terms and divided two groups of seismicity data which are (i) before and (ii) after earthquake declustering process. The result of Dc in spatial and temporal term was estimated reached 2.0. It means that the seismic pattern is a plane source. . For the spatial distribution of b value, the lowest values are in the vicinity of Yangon and Sittwe, Myanmar and the offshore of Sumatra Island. In the temporal investigation at 6 locations of hazardous earthquakes, the b values are in the range of 0.91 – 0.36 and 0.79 – 0.56, respectively. In addition, all the Dc/b relationship of six specific events along the SASZ was defined as negative relationship.
Investigation of sand resources by high resolution seismic reflection in Jomtein beach offshore area of Changwat Chonburi, Thailand
Authors:   , Wathananukulwong Tosapl
Published: November 2023

Jomtien beach has been facing with seriously coastal erosion nowadays. There are many solving erosion’s problems in the past, but there is no right ways to succeed. The best and fastest restoration that least affects to the environment is Beach Nourishments. In each of nourishing sand, it has to use a huge of sand must usually be filled like a cycle and spent high prices with sand pit or estuary sand. It is necessary to survey deposited sediment layers in the sea. For this sand resources survey, the technic has been used by high resolution Seismic Survey, it is of Jomtien beach offshore at Eastern, Thailand. Area covers 72 km2. The result of this survey is cross section of deposited sediment. Then the result has interpreted with 6 boreholes of data logger in studied area. From seismic data with data logger, it can separate 4 Unit; A – D. Unit A, thick sediment is about 3 m. that separate in the middle of studied area, and switch shortly with Unit B. Quantity of primary evaluation is about 1.5 m3. Unit B, thick sediment on the top is about 9 m. Some area has been separated with Unit A shortly. There is evaluated primarily about 62.5 million m3. Unit C, the characteristic is ancient channel. The width is around 400 m. The deepest is around 12 m. Quantity from primary evaluation is 20 million m3. Unit D, it is on the lowest and thickest. The thickness is about 22 m. The primary evaluation is 158 million m3. In the conclusion, the quantity of sand resources offshore Jomtien beach is from the seismic survey and interpretation with data logging. It is evaluated primarily potential sediment resources in studied area about 242 million m3.
Tools for Measuring and Controlling Energy Subsidies in Middle Income Countries
Authors:   , Lewis Daniel
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this dissertation is the development of econometric tools useful in the design of energy subsidies. The tools are divided between three chapters, a chapter on Energy Demand and the Optimal Level of Subsidies, a chapter on Evaluating Energy Subsidies over Time and a chapter on Targeting and Distribution of Energy Subsidies. Although the primary target for subsidies in this paper are low income households, subsidies designed to target groups by region or by profession are also discussed. The Tools discussed in the Dissertation include: Tool 1: Elasticities with Quantile Regressions - Used for understanding energy demand at the edge of the income distribution Tool 2: Spline Regressions - To show the marginal degree to which energy use increases with income and to study when household versus per capita subsidies are preferable. Tool 3: Engel Curves - To determine the quantity of energy that should be subsidized. Tool 4: Energy Poverty Lines - To help determine who should be eligible for energy subsidies Tool 5: Energy Expenditure Time Series - To help to determine who receives benefits from subsidies and to determine which subsidies are worth supporting. Tool 6: Budget and Pie Charts - To help to determine the cost-benefit of providing a subsidy and to better understand who benefits. Tool 7: Big Data Loops - Used to understand the characteristics of current energy and subsidy users of energy. Tool 8: Geographical Data Visualization - Used to analyze geographical patterns of subsidy use in the country. In addition a justification of why subsidies may continue to be relevant for Middle Income Countries is provided. Four different approaches to providing subsidies are discussed with pros and cons of each given. These are Subsidies that are 1) Targeted , 2) Self-Selecting, 3) Give the Same Quantity to All, and 4) Cash-Transfers. In juxtaposition to much of the current literature, the author makes a case for the first three options. While cash transfers are economically efficient, they are a successful political solution and they require a high degree of information and control that middle income countries not want or be able to provide. While most of this dissertation is generally focused on tools for targeted subsidies, self-selecting subsidies can also be an elegantly simple solution that does not categorize people, and in terms of fairness, giving the same to all is likely the most just solution. Specific suggestions for Thailand subsidies are proposed, including an 80-140 KwH level of free electricity per household and IF NEEDED, a 3-5 kg level of subsidy for LPG or a 20 liter subsidy for transportation fuel per household.
Financial and trade integrations on international business cycle under market imperfection and heterogeneous agents
Authors:   , Ratanavararak Lathaporn
Published: November 2023

This thesis studies the effect of financial integration (FI) together with trade integration (TI) on international business cycles and different types of market participants in emerging markets under the presence of financial frictions and imperfect access to finance. The study adopted dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) framework and developed three international real business cycle (RBC) models to examine FI from various aspects.

The simulation results show that the effect of FI on macroeconomic volatility and business cycle synchronization is mixed likely depending on TI, types of financial flow, severity of market frictions, and financial accessibility. Consumption smoothing benefit and welfare gain from higher FI are small or absent when market imperfection exists. People with more financial restrictions and no unconstrained domestic markets to rely on tend to be more negatively affected by increasing FI. TI generally lowers output and consumption fluctuation, increases business cycle synchronization, and slightly enhances welfare. Some evidences suggest that the impact of FI is weakened under higher trade possibly because FI and TI affect business cycles in opposite directions and their impacts might offset each other. Overall, there is a trade-off among diverse impacts of FI and greater FI is not entirely beneficial. Medium amount of FI combined with high trade tends to yield more desirable outcomes.

The implication is that integrated policies are preferable. FI should be considered together with enhancing TI, reducing asymmetric frictions, improving unequal financial access, and advancing financial development. Deepening integration in both markets may be more favorable to business cycles than focusing at only FI. Everyone should be able to access and utilize saving, investment and borrowing opportunities. Moreover, a sound domestic financial market is an important support when FI is imperfect.
Effect of earnings expectations on major-occupation mismatch decisions among new college graduates
Authors:   , Tawanpitak Donn
Published: November 2023

Major-occupation mismatch is a phenomenon where students graduated from one field of study but choose to work in another unrelated one. Due to lack of necessary skills and knowledge, the job is underperformed. As a result, the worker receives lower returns to education. These outcomes show that mismatch worse off both employer and employee.

This Thesis aims at studying a potential factor that contributes to decision to choose mismatch occupation among college graduates with focus on new graduates. The factor studied is earnings expectation, whether it has effect on decision for graduates to opt for mismatch occupation. Data used in this research comes from resumes obtained from online job market in Thailand. Results indicate that earnings expectation consistently has positive effect on probability of a choice to be chosen. If graduates expect higher earnings from a mismatch occupation, they will be more likely to choose it over the match one. Size of effect from earnings expectation depends on whether the major they graduated from trains general or specific skills. Mismatch probability changes significantly for graduates from majors that train an appropriate level of specific skills. Graduates from majors training either highly general or highly specific skills will be less responsive to earnings expectation changes.

For policy implication, the results indicate that raising earnings can reduce major-occupation mismatch for some occupations. They must require an appropriate level of specific skills, not too general or too specific.
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ACCORDING TO THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ GLOBAL LEADERSHIP
Authors:   , Sapaprot Nudtavadee
Published: November 2023

This research was aimed to 1) explore the proper conceptual framework of international school management according to the concept of developing students’ global leadership 2) study the current and desirable states of international school management according to the concept of developing students’ global leadership 3) analyse strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of international school management according to the concept of developing students’ global leadership and 4) develop international school management strategies according to the concept of developing students’ global leadership. The study applied a mixed method approach. The populations are 152 international schools registered with the Office of Private Education Commission, the Ministry of Education. The research instruments included an evaluation form on the conceptual framework, a questionnaire on the current and desirable states, and an evaluation form to verify the feasibility and appropriateness of strategies. The data were analysed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, PNIModified and content analysis. The research results show the following findings. (1) The conceptual framework of the university management consists of school’s philosophy and guiding statements, curriculum development and implementation, and professional development to develop competencies in global leadership in the aspects of cross-cultural relationship competency, interpersonal competency, global traits and values, global thinking and orientation, global business expertise, global organisation expertise, global visioning, and technological savvy. (2) The current situation of school’s philosophy and guiding statements and curriculum development and implementation are at high level, whilst professional development is at moderate level. Contrarily, school’s philosophy and guiding statements and professional development are at high level, whilst curriculum development and implementation is at the highest level for the desirable situation. (3) The strengths are school’s philosophy and guiding statements, and curriculum development and implementation; the weakness is professional development; the external factors as opportunities of international school management were the economic, social, technological situations, and government policy; the threats of international school management were the government policy, technological, social, and economic situations. (4) The international school management strategies according to the concept of developing students’ global leadership. comprise 3 main strategies: 1) reengineer professional development programme to empower staff to develop students’ global leadership; 2) embark school’s philosophy and guiding statements to develop future global leaders; and 3) redevelop the school’s curriculum design and implementation to develop students’ inherent in global leadership competencies.
Convex formulations for path analysis problems in structural equation modeling
Authors:   , Pruttiakaravanich Anupon
Published: November 2023

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a statistical technique used for seeking a statistical causal multivariate model (called exploratory modeling) or for testing whether the model is supported by the given data (called confirmatory modeling). Path analysis is a problem in SEM analysis where its model describes causal relations among measured variables in a form of multivariable linear equations. This thesis proposes two alternative estimation formulations for solving problems of path analysis in SEM. For confirmatory SEM, our first formulation relaxes the original nonlinear equality constraints of the model parameters to an inequality, allowing us to transform the original problem into a convex problem that can be solved by many existing efficient algorithms. The second formulation is a regularized estimation proposed for exploratory SEM by adding ℓ1-type penalty of the path matrix into the cost objective of the first formulation which leads to sparse solutions. Practically, our optimal solution is useful when it has low rank which occurs under a mild condition on problem parameters. This solution can be used as an estimate of the inverse of covariance matrix from the original problem. Another contribution of this thesis is a numerical method based on ADMM algorithm that is suitable for solving the two formulations in a large-scale setting. This thesis also provides a scheme of learning a causal structure among variables by applying both proposed formulations. The best causal structure from our scheme is chosen from five model selection criterions, those are BIC, AIC, AICc, KIC and KICc. Our approach is examined with simulated and real data sets. The simulation results show that if the causal structure of true model is complex, AIC provides the better accuracy while BIC, AICc and KICc yield better performance when the causal structure of true model is simpler. An application of this scheme has been preliminarily illustrated by learning causal relations among brain regions from fMRI data, recorded from visual-hand hemifield stimuli experiments. A brain network from our findings shows strong relations among somatosensory, parietal, premotor, and motor area. In particular, the dominant pairs of strong connection are somatosensory->visual, somatosensory->parietal and somatosensory->premotor.
Improvement of feature preservation in high efficiency video coding
Authors:   , Chen Sovann
Published: November 2023

Feature information is known as interest points (keypoints) in an image which is very useful information for video analytic functions such as object detection and tracking, video classification, etc. Due to the characteristic of video coding, it is exploited following human vision system where high frequency component could be removed for better compression. Thus, it can affect to the keypoints, which mostly are the edge information. As a result, with less number of keypoints left, this affects the accuracy of video analytics. To solve this problem, this thesis presents an algorithm to preserve feature information of reconstructed video in the high efficiency video coding (HEVC). Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is chosen to extract the keypoints from raw video sequence. We then consider keypoints as an indicator of the importance of the largest coding unit (LCU). Adaptive LCU selection is defined to determine LCU into two different groups, important LCU group (IMLCU) and non-important LCU group (Non-IMLCU). Moreover, two different bit allocations are generated in rate control to each group based on coding mode, Intra or Inter mode, to achieve the target bit rate and also to keep the feature information. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can maintain more keypoints compared to HEVC reference software at the same bitrate based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SIFT similarity computation.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL SITING AND SIZING OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN PV-CONNECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSIDERING MINIMUM ENERGY LOSSES
Authors:   , Sok Vattanak
Published: November 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) is a renewable energy which is used widely by many countries which have enough sun light to utilize this clean energy. Along with its advantages, PV also brings along power quality problems to power systems which it is connected. In this thesis, mitigation of voltage rise and voltage drop by using energy storage (ES) is proposed. However, the mitigation will only focus on utility aspect. This method requests the utility to install proper size and location of ES. Thus, the proper siting and sizing of ES is analyzed. The objective is to minimize the total energy losses of the system. The proposed method can help to lower impacts of voltage rise and voltage drop.
Comparing anesthetic efficacy of intraosseous injection versus buccal infiltration in mandibular first molar
Authors:   , Siwawut Siwaporn
Published: November 2023

Aim: To compare the anesthetic efficacy between intraosseous injection and buccal infiltration when used as a primary anesthesia technique for mandibular first molars. Methodology: Using a crossover design, 20 adult subjects randomly received intraosseous injection of 1.7 mL 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or buccal infiltration of 3.4 mL 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine at 2 separate appointments. The mandibular first molars were tested with an electric pulp tester at 3-minute cycles for 60 minutes after the injections.  Successful pulpal anesthesia was defined as no response from the subject on two consecutive pulp tester readings of 80. Pain ratings for each injection were recorded. The data were analyzed using the McNemar and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Results: The success rate for the intraosseous injections and buccal infiltrations were 95% and 80%, respectively. There was no significant difference in success rate between the anesthetic techniques (P > 0.05). However, the onset of pulpal anesthesia was significantly faster with the intraosseous injections (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two techniques for injection pain or postoperative pain (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The anesthetic success rate of buccal infiltration using 2 cartridges of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine is comparable to that of intraosseous injection using a single cartridge of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in asymptomatic mandibular first molars. Both techniques can be useful alternatives for inducing mandibular first molar anesthesia.
Airline international potential route study for a subsidiary airline
Authors:   , Taweewattanapaisan Phitthawat
Published: November 2023

The statement of dissertation is the international potential route study for a subsidiary airline is the one of key fleet planning process which can be interchangeably referred to the route selection for the network expansion. The scope of the project is to study airline routes within 4 hours of flight duration from Suvarnabhumi International Airport. The diversity of route alternative will increase the accessing capability of the airline which attracts more air passengers demand. In this study, the Thai subsidiary airline has been the research case studied company. The company has recently been independence from the parent company; where the airline business model is established as the full-service carrier. Due to the stage of independence, the Thai subsidiary airline has lost the market opportunity in the origin-destination market of the parent company. However, the increasing of route network expansion implies the higher investment; where, the airline has to investigate the route potential to prevent the loss in contribution and the route suspension.

The research study is primary approached using the analytic hierarchy process to conclude the decision-making process of route potential. 160 airports have been found in the totals; where, the only top 4 airport which are Hong Kong, Mactan-Cebu, Surabaya and Singapore are the most operation potential route. Among alternatives, the Mactan-Cebu has shown in the outstanding profit performance which has been concluded to be the most appropriate international potential route.
Financial Analysis of Cooling Conservation Method for Long-Term Paddy Storage in Thailand
Authors:   , Chitsuthipakorn Chakaphan
Published: November 2023

The objective of this dissertation is to analyse costs and benefits of using cooling conservation method for long-term paddy storage in Thailand. The main problem of paddy storage is deteriorate paddy and rice during storage period. So, cooling conservation method is a ventilation method that can control temperature and moisture content of paddy during storage to reduce losses and avoid deteriorate paddy. This research collected all the benefits and costs both tangible and intangible and compared to existing method. The scope of this study is focus on 2 transformation options which are transform from circulation method to cooling conservation method and transform from industrial fan method to cooling conservation method. This research used cost benefit analysis and payback period analysis to analyse all the collected data from surveying. It also shows calculation of all tangible data. Moreover, payback period calculation sheet is also an outcome of this research for put own data and get the result. This research will be a tool that helps to make a decision to transform from the existing ventilation method to cooling conservation method which will make a lot of benefits for paddy storage and make a better quality of rice which leads to higher selling price of paddy. This will be the method that enhances the perspective of paddy and rice market for Thailand and for the world.
IMPROVING LABOUR EFFICIENCY IN THE CROSS DOCK ACTIVITY OF A HOME IMPROVEMENT DISTRIBUTION CENTRE
Authors:   , Chuleekeit Chatchawan
Published: November 2023

Because of the natural of retail business, logistics and distribution network have become the essential part of business and the core competition of a company. Many modern trade retailers have adopted a cross-docking, a freight consolidation technique pioneered by Wal-Mart, as the best practice for distributing domestic products. Although cross-docking bypasses storage, it requires coordination between incoming and outgoing shipments as well as manual labour to assort small pieces of products into different destination, similar to a flow though activity in the case study distribution centre. As a subsidiary of a large home furnishing and construction material retailer, the distribution centre consolidates incoming shipments from many manufactures and distributes combined shipments to stores on daily basis. As the most labour intensive operation, flow-though activity experienced traffic congestion and low efficiency measured by line per man-hour as workers must unpack, distribute, and sort products into each assigned pigeon hole representing a different store. The analysis of data and work study of operations suggest that the improvement should focus on small- and medium-size products as they account for majority of products. To reduce the congestion, several layouts of assigned stores and direction of traffic flow are proposed and evaluated using a discrete-time events simulation. The evaluation and analysis of interaction reveal that allowing workers to walk back-and-forth could significantly improve productivity and assigning a large-transition store to the rim of distributed aisles could reduce traffic congestion. The suggested layout and traffic direction could improve line per man hour from 28.46 to 33.89.
Transportation Cost Improvement for an Electric Appliance Manufacturer
Authors:   , Thiradanon Jiratha
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, Thailand has developed itself to become a more industrial country. There are many companies who decide to invest and establish their manufacturers here and distribute their products to customers domestically and internationally. Transportation discipline plays an important role in many organisations as 30% of logistics cost goes to transportation cost. Thus, this research aims to improve the studied company’s transportation management which also results in transportation cost improvement. This research is a study and development of a heuristic which helps manage the transportation discipline using online orders, of an electrical appliance manufacturer in Thailand. It focuses on delivering products from the company's main warehouse to customers which are located in other provinces around Samutprakarn. This research has developed 2 systems which are customer clustering system and route designing system, with an objective to improve transportation cost, as well as improve vehicle utilisation and delivery performance. The customer clustering system is designed to reduce the complexity when designing a delivering route. The system will cluster the customers which have similar characteristic together into the same group, for example; group of customers which are located in the same province. This group of customer will be used in route designing system in order to select a suitable vehicle and create a travelling route plan which conform to the transportation conditions and regulations. In order to achieve the objective, the proposed systems applied the First-Fit Algorithm and the Nearest Neighbourhood Algorithm respectively. The researcher has experimented and analysed the abilities of the proposed systems by comparing the results of the experiment and the company’s actual recorded data of 7 operating days. There are 1,004 order lines in total. As a result, the proposed systems are able to improve 14.80% of vehicle utilisation and reduce any delayed delivery. Therefore, it leads to 8.24% reduction of overall transportation cost. However, these proposed systems only provide initial solutions which need to be adjusted when implementing to a company.
Operational system development of luggage delivery service
Authors:   , Lin Meng-ting
Published: November 2023

Luggage handling is a regular but tiring, time-consuming activity when travelers stay abroad. The solution is designed to be easy, convenient, and helpful for foreigners. The niche market is underdeveloped and its business potential is high. Thailand welcomed more than 32 million foreign travelers in 2016. At the time of research, no business provides the solution in the city.

By integrating market and operational requirements, an operational system can be developed to control costs, quality, and deliverables. Market requirements include customer behavior, market segments, differentiators, and customer expectation of the service. On the other hand, operational requirements are investigated through stakeholder analysis, capacity of logistics, and technologies and defined as operational objectives. Assumptions of market and operational requirements are analyzed and integrated to give an overview of the service.

By applying project management techniques and new operational system, operators can adopt the information to define service scope, operations, organization, and required resources. The service quality is evaluated by the gap between consumer expectation and perceived service performance. The standardized procedures can reduce the variation of the process and secure the quality level. With a structural system, the elements can be investigated and optimized to create further benefits.
SETUP TIME IMPROVEMENT FOR A FASTENER MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors:   , Viriyasathien Napin
Published: November 2023

The objective of this research is to reduce setup time of bolt forming process in a fastener manufacturing company. The essential requirement to improve setup time arises from value stream mapping of current production process. Cause and effect diagram is used for problem analysis of setup operation. The improvement area of this research is selected by weight score matrix based on information from the analysis. Methodology is divided into three phases; planning phase, improvement phase and implementation phase. Basis and necessary information of this research are defined in planning phase. In improvement phase, setup time improvement framework is developed consisting of two steps improvement. The first step improvement applies a well-known tool for setup time reduction, Single minute exchange of dies (SMED). For the second step improvement, lean tools and techniques are used to further analyze setup operation and improve setup time including Pareto, Five Whys, Spaghetti diagram, and 5S. Finally, full improvement implementation is successfully performed in the implementation phase. As a result of this research’s improvement, setup time of bolt forming process is able to reduce from 4 hours and 9 minutes to 1 hour and 14 minutes. The total of 2 hours and 54 minutes is accounted for 70 percent in setup time reduction. Furthermore, the company gains various benefits including ability to produce smaller batch size in order to avoid overproduction, reduction of waiting time and inventory level, and improvement of production process flexibility and responsiveness.
Inventory Policy Improvement for a Kitchenware Trader
Authors:   , Joedjumnongwittayakul Nutcha
Published: November 2023

The research objectives are to improve inventory policy for a kitchenware trader in order to reduce the inventory level and improve internal operations. The product movement in 12 months of 2015 for 738 SKUs is evaluated and categorised. Five groups are 1) Non-moving stock 2) Stock with no sales last 6 months 3) Short-period stock 4) New product stock and 5) Remaining185 SKUs. Strategic managements for each group are proposed. The remaining 185 SKUs are classified based on operational aspect by using ABC Pareto. The continuity of demand is the first criteria for sequencing the importance of products, since it can divide groups of continuous and intermittent demand items. The second criteria is number of order in 2015. The third and fourth criteria are the value of sales and average inventory value, respectively. Forecasting approaches and error indicators, and inventory system are proposed. Periodic review policy is proposed for all groups because of high transportation costs. The simulations of the proposed methodology are performed for the policy assessment by using Microsoft Excel. Actual operations in five months between January to May, 2016 are compared with the implementation of the proposed policy. The results show the reduction of inventory level for group A and B, while the service level of the proposed policy can perform without stock out period. Finally, the slow moving products in group C cannot be concluded as it is considered inadequate historical data and comparison period.
A critical evaluation of investment in an upstream business to supply the current production : a case study of metal shutter door productions
Authors:   , Viriyarungrong Phumikron
Published: November 2023

This research was created on the purpose of guiding the company's direction on investment to make or do nothing is a very important. In business, the investment meaning to growth of the company especially in special business sector as Viriyalohakij, which is Business to Business product with a family owned research is not conducted often.

The method and tools that used in this study are mostly come from business point of view. That reflects on the investment cash flow and many financial components which are resources based view analysis by using VRIO tool for the process. Operation strategy will use Hill’s framework for scoping the company direction objectives and goals. While financial part will use ratio on analysis which are NPV represents for total alternative valued based on a certain period of time. IRR the international return rate that the alternative reflect in percentage, ROI represents for the percentage of return in this investment and ROI which represents for the amount of time spending before the cash flow make profit.

The author decides to suggest the company to choose alternative 2.3 investment model, which is establishing a new business on the joint venture model of investment. Based on the environment (PESTLE analysis), the current situation is highly possibly to be worst case than normal case. Alternative 2.3 still in top 3 of VRIO analysis and also make the best financial outcome in financial analysis.
Developing a commercialization model for innovative products and processes in a petroleum firm
Authors:   , Ngamcachonkulkid Soranart
Published: November 2023

In Thailand, the petroleum industry is a major contributor to the economy as a supplier of crucial petroleum products. Due to its geographical location, multinational oil & gas companies have established their operations in Thailand. For Thai petroleum firms to remain competitive in the industry, innovation can be used as a strategy. Specifically, commercialization of inventions can bring firms competitive advantages in terms of financial returns, and business opportunities for partnerships. The objective of this research is to develop a commercialization model for inventions in Thailand’s petroleum industry. The model is aimed to serve as a roadmap of essential activities for individual work functions throughout the stages of the commercialization process. Additionally, the model will provide an overview of the relationships between work functions and their responsibilities. The methodology used in this research consists of three stages. The first stage is developing a preliminary commercialization model by integrating data from literature and data from interviews of industry experts in Thailand. The second stage is refinement of the model through evaluating the preliminary model on commercialization experts. Finally, the last stage uses a Thai petroleum firm as a case study to adapt the model for use at company-level. As a result, this research has developed 2 commercialization models, namely an industrial commercialization model, and a company commercialization model.