bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Postoperative Inflammatory Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohsen Ghaith , Stroemer Annika , Mayr Andreas , Kunsorg Andrea , Stoppe Christian , Wittmann Maria , Velten Markus
Published: July 2023

Initial evidence indicates that preoperatively initiated administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) attenuates the postoperative inflammatory reaction. The effects of immunonutrition containing omega-3 FAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the inflammatory response to abdominal surgery continues to be unclear, although improved outcomes have been reported. Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of preoperatively initiated omega-3 FAs administration on postoperative inflammation defined as CRP (C-Reactive Protein), IL-6 (Interleukin 6), and WBC (White Blood Count) and potential effects on postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) due to an improved inflammatory response. Methods: a literature search of Cochrane Library was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of preoperatively initiated omega-3 to standard care, placebo, or other immunonutrients excluding omega-3 FAs in patients undergoing abdominal surgery until the end of December 2022. Results: a total of 296 articles were found during the initial search. Thirteen RCTs involving 950 patients were identified that met the search criteria. These were successively analyzed and included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to inflammatory markers IL-6: −0.55 [−1.22; 0.12] p = 0.10, CRP: −0.14 [−0.67; 0.40] p = 0.55, WBC: −0.58 [−3.05; 1.89] p = 0.42, or hospital stay −0.5 [−1.43; 0.41] p = 0.2. Conclusion: although reduced inflammatory markers were observed, preoperative administration of omega-3 FAs immunonutrients had no significant effect on the postoperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Yet, results obtained from this study are inconclusive, likely attributed to the limited number of trials and patients included. Further studies are required to obtain a better educated verdict.
Relative Humidity Measurement Based on a Tapered, PVA-Coated Fiber Optics Multimode Interference Sensor
Authors: Quiñones-Flores Abraham A. , Guzman-Sepulveda Jose R. , Castillo-Guzman Arturo A.
Published: July 2023

A relative humidity (RH) fiber optic sensor is demonstrated based on the multimode interference (MMI) phenomenon utilizing a no-core fiber (NCF) coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The sensor’s structure is simple and consists of a section of NCF spliced between two standard single-mode fibers (SMFs). The fabrication and testing of a tapered version with enhanced sensitivity is also presented. The native MMI sensor showed a sensitivity of 5.6nm/RH%, in the range from 87 RH% to 93 RH%, while the tapered one exhibited an increased sensitivity of 6.6nm/RH%, in the range from 91.5 RH% to 94 RH%. The sensitivity values obtained with these MMI sensors are at least twice as large as the most sensitive fiber optics humidity sensor reported in the literature in a similar RH range.
STA9090 as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Liver Fibrosis by Modulating the HSP90/TβRII/Proteasome Interplay: Novel Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations
Authors: Mohammed Osama A. , Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Alamri Mohannad Mohammad S. , Alfaifi Jaber , Adam Masoud I. E. , Saleh Lobna A. , Farrag Alshaimaa A. , Yahia Amar Ibrahim Omer , Abdel-Ghany Sameh , AlQahtani AbdulElah Al Jarallah , Bahashwan Emad , Eltahir Hanan B. , Mohammed Nahid A. , El-wakeel Hend S. , Hazem Sara H. , Saber Sameh
Published: July 2023

Liver fibrosis is a progressive condition characterized by the build-up of fibrous tissue resulting from long-term liver injury. Although there have been advancements in research and treatment, there is still a need for effective antifibrotic medication. HSP90 plays a crucial role in the development of fibrosis. It acts as a molecular chaperone that assists in the proper folding and stability of TβRII, potentially regulating the signaling of TGF-β1. It has been established that TβRII can be degraded through the proteasome degradation system, either via ubiquitination-dependent or -independent pathways. In the present study, STA9090 demonstrated promising effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. It reduced LDH leakage, prolonged the survival rate of hepatocytes in rats with liver fibrosis, and improved liver function. Importantly, STA9090 exerted pleiotropic effects by targeting proteins involved in limiting collagen production, which resulted in improved microscopic features of the rat livers. Our findings suggest that STA9090-induced inhibition of HSP90 leads to the degradation of TβRII, a fibrogenic client protein of HSP90, through the activation of the 20S proteasomal degradation system. We also revealed that this degradation mechanism is not dependent on the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Additionally, STA9090 was found to destabilize HIF-1α and facilitate its degradation, leading to the reduced transcription of VEGF. Moreover, STA9090’s ability to deactivate the NFκB signaling pathway highlights its potential as an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic agent. However, further research is necessary to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and fully capitalize on the therapeutic benefits of targeting HSP90 and associated pathways.
Citrus By-Products as a Valuable Source of Biologically Active Compounds with Promising Pharmaceutical, Biological and Biomedical Potential
Authors: Šafranko Silvija , Šubarić Drago , Jerković Igor , Jokić Stela
Published: July 2023

Citrus fruits processing results in the generation of huge amounts of citrus by-products, mainly peels, pulp, membranes, and seeds. Although they represent a major concern from both economical and environmental aspects, it is very important to emphasize that these by-products contain a rich source of value-added bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The primary aim of this review is to highlight the great potential of isolated phytochemicals and extracts of individual citrus by-products with bioactive properties (e.g., antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and other beneficial activities with health-promoting abilities) and their potential in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biological applications. This review on citrus by-products contains the following parts: structural and chemical characteristics; the utilization of citrus by-products; bioactivities of the present waxes and carotenoids, essential oils, pectins, and phenolic compounds; and citrus by-product formulations with enhanced biocactivities. A summary of the recent developments in applying citrus by-products for the treatment of different diseases and the protection of human health is also provided, emphasizing innovative methods for bioaccessibility enhancements (e.g., extract/component encapsulation, synthesis of biomass-derived nanoparticles, nanocarriers, or biofilm preparation). Based on the representative phytochemical groups, an evaluation of the recent studies of the past six years (from 2018 to 2023) reporting specific biological and health-promoting activities of citrus-based by-products is also provided. Finally, this review discusses advanced and modern approaches in pharmaceutical/biological formulations and drug delivery (e.g., carbon precursors for the preparation of nanoparticles with promising antimicrobial activity, the production of fluorescent nanoparticles with potential application as antitumor agents, and in cellular imaging). The recent studies implementing nanotechnology in food science and biotechnology could bring about new insights into providing innovative solutions for new pharmaceutical and medical discoveries.
The Disruption of NMDAR/TRPM4 Death Signaling with TwinF Interface Inhibitors: A New Pharmacological Principle for Neuroprotection
Authors: Yan Jing , Bading Hilmar
Published: July 2023

With the discovery that the acquisition of toxic features by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) involves their physical interaction with the non-selective cation channel, TRPM4, it has become possible to develop a new pharmacological principle for neuroprotection, namely the disruption of the NMDAR/TRPM4 death signaling complex. This can be accomplished through the expression of the TwinF domain, a 57-amino-acid-long stretch of TRPM4 that mediates its interaction with NMDARs, but also using small molecule TwinF interface (TI) inhibitors, also known as NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitors. Both TwinF and small molecule TI inhibitors detoxify extrasynaptic NMDARs without interfering with synaptic NMDARs, which serve important physiological functions in the brain. As the toxic signaling of extrasynaptic NMDARs contributes to a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions, TI inhibitors may offer therapeutic options for currently untreatable human neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.
Exploring the Potent Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms and Prospects for Future Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mohamed Abdoul-Latif Fatouma , Ainane Ayoub , Houmed Aboubaker Ibrahim , Mohamed Jalludin , Ainane Tarik
Published: July 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Fortunately, the last decades have been marked by considerable advances in the field of cancer therapy. Researchers have discovered many natural substances, some of which are isolated from plants that have promising anti-tumor activity. Among these, essential oils (EOs) and their constituents have been widely studied and shown potent anticancer activities, both in vitro and in vivo. However, despite the promising results, the precise mechanisms of action of EOs and their bioactive compounds are still poorly understood. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms, as well as their effectiveness and safety in use. Furthermore, the use of EOs as anticancer drugs is complex, as it requires absolute pharmacodynamic specificity and selectivity, as well as an appropriate formulation for effective administration. In this study, we present a synthesis of recent work on the mechanisms of anticancer action of EOs and their bioactive compounds, examining the results of various in vitro and in vivo studies. We also review future research prospects in this exciting field, as well as potential implications for the development of new cancer drugs.
Impact of Sirolimus versus Mycophenolate Mofetil on Kidney Function after Calcineurin Inhibitor Dose Reduction in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chiang Heng-Yi , Li Lung-Chih , Hsu Chien-Ning , Lin Chih-Che , Chan Yi-Chia , Wang Chih-Chi , Chen Chao-Long
Published: July 2023

Impaired kidney function is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Although immunosuppressants are essential in these patients, they impair kidney function. This study aimed to compare adverse kidney outcomes between patients treated with a reduced dose of tacrolimus (calcineurin inhibitor) plus sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the liver transplant center at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between April 2011 and December 2017. Propensity score matching was used to identify 232 patients. The risk of adverse kidney outcomes was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, and changes in kidney function over time were analyzed using linear mixed modeling. Acute kidney disease risks in this study cohort were not significantly different for the two immunosuppressants (aHR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.70–1.55, p = 0.8328). However, sirolimus use was significantly associated with a higher risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline > 30% than MMF (aHR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.33–3.28; p = 0.0014). Our results demonstrate that sirolimus use may have worsened long-term kidney outcomes compared to MMF. Close monitoring of kidney function, dose adjustment, and timely transition to MMF is necessary for LT patients receiving sirolimus.
Material Transport Characteristics in Planetary Roller Melt Granulation
Authors: Lang Tom , Bramböck Andreas , Thommes Markus , Bartsch Jens
Published: July 2023

Melt granulation for improving material handling by modifying particle size distribution offers significant advantages compared to the standard methods of dry and wet granulation in dust reduction, obviating a subsequent drying step. Furthermore, current research in pharmaceutical technology aims for continuous methods, as these have an enhanced potential to reduce product quality fluctuations. Concerning both aspects, the use of a planetary roller granulator is consequential. The process control with these machines benefits from the enhanced ratio of heated surface to processed volume, compared to the usually-applied twin-screw systems. This is related to the unique concept of planetary spindles flowing around a central spindle in a roller cylinder. Herein, the movement pattern defines the transport characteristics, which determine the energy input and overall processing conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the residence time distribution in planetary roller melt granulation (PRMG) as an indicator for the material transport. By altering feed rate and rotation speed, the fill level in the granulator is adjusted, which directly affects the average transport velocity and mixing volume. The two-compartment model was utilized to reflect these coherences, as the model parameters symbolize the sub-processes of axial material transport and mixing.
Photochemical Internalization with Fimaporfin: Enhanced Bleomycin Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Enzian Paula , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin
Published: July 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still represents the world’s sixth most common tumor entity, with increasing incidence. The reachability of light makes HNSCC suitable for light-based therapies such as Photochemical Internalization (PCI). The drug Bleomycin is cytotoxic and used as an anti-tumor medication. Since Bleomycin is endocytosed as a relatively large molecule, part of it is degraded in lysosomes before reaching its intracellular target. The goal of our study was to improve the intracellular availability of Bleomycin with PCI. We investigate the intracellular delivery of Bleomycin after PCI with the photosensitizer Fimaporfin. A systematic variation of Bleomycin and Fimaporfin concentrations and light irradiation led to the pronounced cell death of HNSCC cells. After optimization, the same level of tumor cell death of 75% was reached with a 20-fold lower Bleomycin concentration. This would allow treatment of HNSCC with high local tumor cell death and reduce the side effects of Bleomycin, e.g., lung fibrosis, at the same time. This demonstrates the increased efficacy of the anti-tumor medication Bleomycin in combination with PCI.
Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Levofloxacin Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation Using Low Frequency Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Kajita Mizuho , Hirose Yutaro , Shimada Naoki , Fukami Toshiro , Koide Tatsuo
Published: July 2023

We evaluated the pharmaceutical properties of levofloxacin (LV) in the form of an orally disintegrating tablet (LVODT) to find a new usefulness of low frequency (LF) Raman spectroscopy. LVODT contained dispersed granules with diameters in the order of several hundred micrometers, which were composed of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), as confirmed by infrared (IR) microspectroscopy. On the contrary, the API and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients (non-APIs) were homogeneously distributed in LV tablet (LVT) formulations. Microscopic IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses showed that LVODT and LVT contained the API in different crystalline forms or environment around the API each other. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffraction showed that LVT contained a hemihydrate of the API, while LVODT showed a partial transition to the monohydrate form. This result was confirmed by microscopic LF Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, this method confirmed the presence of thin layers coating the outer edges of the granules that contained the API. Spectra obtained from these thin layers indicated the presence of titanium dioxide, suggesting that the layers coexisted with a polymer that masks the bitterness of API. The microscopic LF Raman spectroscopy results in this study indicated new applications of this method in pharmaceutical science.
Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies as Solid Formulation for Auto-Injectors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Garcia-Villen Fatima , Gallego Idoia , Sainz-Ramos Myriam , Ordoyo-Pascual Jorge , Ruiz-Alonso Sandra , Saenz-del-Burgo Laura , O’Mahony Conor , Pedraz Jose Luis
Published: July 2023

Drug adherence is a significant medical issue, often responsible for sub-optimal outcomes during the treatment of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. Monoclonal antibodies (which are exclusively given parenterally) have been proven to be an effective treatment in these cases. The use of auto-injectors is an effective strategy to improve drug adherence in parenteral treatments since these pen-like devices offer less discomfort and increased user-friendliness over conventional syringe-based delivery. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of including a monoclonal antibody as a solid formulation inside an auto-injector pen. Specifically, the objective was to evaluate the drug stability after a concentration (to reduce the amount of solvent and space needed) and freeze-drying procedure. A preliminary screening of excipients to improve stability was also performed. The nano-DSC results showed that mannitol improved the stability of the concentrated, freeze-dried antibody in comparison to its counterpart without it. However, a small instability of the CH2 domain was still found for mannitol samples, which will warrant further investigation. The present results serve as a stepping stone towards advancing future drug delivery systems that will ultimately improve the patient experience and associated drug adherence.
Therapeutic Strategies Aimed at Improving Neuroplasticity in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Colavitta María F. , Barrantes Francisco J.
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among elderly people. Owing to its varied and multicausal etiopathology, intervention strategies have been highly diverse. Despite ongoing advances in the field, efficient therapies to mitigate AD symptoms or delay their progression are still of limited scope. Neuroplasticity, in broad terms the ability of the brain to modify its structure in response to external stimulation or damage, has received growing attention as a possible therapeutic target, since the disruption of plastic mechanisms in the brain appear to correlate with various forms of cognitive impairment present in AD patients. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have attempted to enhance neuroplasticity via different mechanisms, for example, regulating glucose or lipid metabolism, targeting the activity of neurotransmitter systems, or addressing neuroinflammation. In this review, we first describe several structural and functional aspects of neuroplasticity. We then focus on the current status of pharmacological approaches to AD stemming from clinical trials targeting neuroplastic mechanisms in AD patients. This is followed by an analysis of analogous pharmacological interventions in animal models, according to their mechanisms of action.
From Localized Laser Energy Absorption to Absorption Delocalization at Volumetric Glass Modification with Gaussian and Doughnut-Shaped Pulses
Authors: Zukerstein Martin , Zhukov Vladimir P. , Meshcheryakov Yuri P. , Bulgakova Nadezhda M.
Published: July 2023

Volumetric modification of transparent materials by femtosecond laser pulses is successfully used in a wide range of practical applications. The level of modification is determined by the locally absorbed energy density, which depends on numerous factors. In this work, it is shown experimentally and theoretically that, in a certain range of laser pulse energies, the peak of absorption of laser radiation for doughnut-shaped (DS) pulses is several times higher than for Gaussian ones. This fact makes the DS pulses very attractive for material modification and direct laser writing applications. Details of the interactions of laser pulses of Gaussian and doughnut shapes with fused silica obtained by numerical simulations are presented for different pulse energies and compared with the experimentally obtained data. The effect of absorbed energy delocalization with increasing laser pulse energy is demonstrated for both beam shapes, while at relatively low pulse energies, the DS beam geometry provides stronger local absorption compared to the Gaussian geometry. The implications of a DS pulse action for post-irradiation material evolution are discussed based on thermoelastoplastic modeling.
Biochemical Alterations in Triticale Seedlings Pretreated with Selective Herbicide and Subjected to Drought or Waterlogging Stress
Authors: Katerova Zornitsa , Todorova Dessislava , Shopova Elena , Brankova Liliana , Dimitrova Ljudmila , Petrakova Margarita , Sergiev Iskren
Published: July 2023

Waterlogging and drought disrupt crop development and productivity. Triticale is known to be relatively tolerant to different stress factors. In natural conditions, plants are rather subjected to multiple environmental factors. Serrate® (Syngenta) is a systemic selective herbicide suitable for cereal crops such as triticale and wheat to restrain annual grass and broadleaf weeds. Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm., cv. Rozhen) was grown as soil culture under controlled conditions. Seventeen-day-old plantlets were leaf sprayed with Serrate®. The water stress (drought or waterlogging) was applied after 72 h for 7 days, and then the seedlings were left for recovery. The herbicide does not provoke sharp alterations in the antioxidant state (stress markers level, and antioxidant and xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes activity). The water stresses and combined treatments enhanced significantly the content of stress markers (malondialdehyde, proline, hydrogen peroxide), non-enzymatic (total phenolics and thiol groups-containing compounds), and enzymatic (activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase) antioxidants, and xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes (activities of glutathione S-transferase, NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase). These effects were more severely expressed after the drought stress, suggesting that this cultivar is more tolerant to waterlogging than to drought stress.
An Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach to Identify Putative Genes Underlying Fruit Ripening in Tomato near Isogenic Lines with Long Shelf Life
Authors: Di Giacomo Melisa , Vega Tatiana Alejandra , Cambiaso Vladimir , Picardi Liliana Amelia , Rodríguez Gustavo Rubén , Pereira da Costa Javier Hernán
Published: July 2023

The elucidation of the ripening pathways of climacteric fruits helps to reduce postharvest losses and improve fruit quality. Here, we report an integrative study on tomato ripening for two near-isogenic lines (NIL115 and NIL080) with Solanum pimpinellifolium LA0722 introgressions. A comprehensive analysis using phenotyping, molecular, transcript, and protein data were performed. Both NILs show improved fruit firmness and NIL115 also has longer shelf life compared to the cultivated parent. NIL115 differentially expressed a transcript from the APETALA2 ethylene response transcription factor family (AP2/ERF) with a potential role in fruit ripening. E4, another ERF, showed an upregulated expression in NIL115 as well as in the wild parent, and it was located physically close to a wild introgression. Other proteins whose expression levels changed significantly during ripening were identified, including an ethylene biosynthetic enzyme (ACO3) and a pectate lyase (PL) in NIL115, and an alpha-1,4 glucan phosphorylase (Pho1a) in NIL080. In this study, we provide insights into the effects of several genes underlying tomato ripening with potential impact on fruit shelf life. Data integration contributed to unraveling ripening-related genes, providing opportunities for assisted breeding.
Implications of Below-Ground Allelopathic Interactions of Camelina sativa and Microorganisms for Phosphate Availability and Habitat Maintenance
Authors: Hofmann Diana , Thiele Björn , Siebers Meike , Rahmati Mehdi , Schütz Vadim , Jeong Seungwoo , Cui Jiaxin , Bigler Laurent , Held Federico , Wu Bei , Babic Nikolina , Kovacic Filip , Hamacher Joachim , Hölzl Georg , Dörmann Peter , Schulz Margot
Published: July 2023

Toxic breakdown products of young Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, glucosinolates can eliminate microorganisms in the soil. Since microorganisms are essential for phosphate cycling, only insensitive microorganisms with phosphate-solubilizing activity can improve C. sativa’s phosphate supply. In this study, 33P-labeled phosphate, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and pot experiments unveiled that not only Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas laurentiana used as phosphate-solubilizing inoculants, but also intrinsic soil microorganisms, including Penicillium aurantiogriseum, and the assemblies of root-colonizing microorganisms solubilized as well phosphate from apatite, trigger off competitive behavior between the organisms. Driving factors in the competitiveness are plant and microbial secondary metabolites, while glucosinolates of Camelina and their breakdown products are regarded as key compounds that inhibit the pathogen P. aurantiogriseum, but also seem to impede root colonization of T. viride. On the other hand, fungal diketopiperazine combined with glucosinolates is fatal to Camelina. The results may contribute to explain the contradictory effects of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms when used as biofertilizers. Further studies will elucidate impacts of released secondary metabolites on coexisting microorganisms and plants under different environmental conditions.
The Effect of Dual-Modification by Heat-Moisture Treatment and Octenylsuccinylation on Physicochemical and Pasting Properties of Arrowroot Starch
Authors: Marta Herlina , Rismawati Ari , Soeherman Giffary Pramafisi , Cahyana Yana , Djali Mohamad , Yuliana Tri , Sondari Dewi
Published: July 2023

Starch is widely applied in various industrial sectors, including the food industry. Starch is used as a thickener, stabilizer, or emulsifier. However, arrowroot starch generally has weaknesses, such as unstable under heating and acidic conditions, which are generally applied to processing in the food industry. Modifications were applied to improve the characteristics of native arrowroot starch. In this study, arrowroot starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT), octenylsuccinylation (OSA), and dual modification between OSA and HMT in a different sequence––namely, HMT followed by OSA, and OSA followed by HMT. This study aims to determine the effect of different modification methods on the physicochemical and functional properties of native arrowroot starch. The result shows that both single HMT and dual modification caused damage to native starch granules, such as the formation of cracks and roughness. For single OSA treatment, especially, there is no significant change in granule morphology after modification. All modification treatments did not change the crystalline type of starch but reduced the RC of native starch. Both single HMT and dual modifications (HMT-OSA, OSA-HMT) increased pasting temperature and setback, but, conversely, decreased the peak and the breakdown viscosity of native starch, whereas single OSA had the opposite trend compared with the other modifications. HMT played a greater role in increasing the thermal stability and the retrogradation ability of arrowroot starch. Both single modifications (HMT and OSA) increased the hardness and gumminess of native starch, and the opposite was true for the dual modifications. HMT had a greater effect on color characteristics, where the lightness and whiteness index of native arrowroot starch decreased. Single OSA modification increased swelling volume higher than dual modification. Both single HMT and dual modifications increased water absorption capacity and decreased the oil absorption capacity of native arrowroot starch.
Inorganic Fillers and Their Effects on the Properties of Flax/PLA Composites after UV Degradation
Authors: Sit Moumita , Dashatan Saeid , Zhang Zhongyi , Dhakal Hom Nath , Khalfallah Moussa , Gamer Nicolas , Ling Jarren
Published: July 2023

The present investigation seeks to assess the impact of fillers on the mechanical characteristics of entirely biodegradable composites, introducing an advanced solution to fulfil long-term durability demands within point-of-purchase (POP) industries. The inclusion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers on the various properties of the flax fibre-reinforced composites, after accelerated irradiation in an ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure has been investigated in the present study. Different types of flax fibre-reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) biocomposites (with and without filler) were fabricated. The mechanical (tensile and flexural), and physical properties of the specimens were assessed after 500 h of exposure to accelerated UV irradiation of 0.48 W/m2 at 50 °C and were compared with those of the unexposed specimens. The results indicate that the presence of the inorganic filler significantly improved the performance of the biocomposites compared to the unfilled biocomposites after UV exposure. After adding 20% of fillers, the tensile strength was increased by 2% after UV degradation, whereas the biocomposite without filler lost 18% of its strength after UV exposure. This can be attributed to the change in the photo-degradation of the PLA due to the presence of the CaCO3 filler, which acts as a safeguard against UV light penetration by creating a protective barrier. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the degraded specimen surface show substantial difference in the surface topography of the composites with and without fillers.
Durability of Two Epoxy Adhesive BFRP Joints Dipped in Seawater under High Temperature Environment
Authors: Niu Ruitao , Yang Yang , Liu Zhen , Ding Ziyang , Peng Han , Fan Yisa
Published: July 2023

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have great potential in shipbuilding. As a new type of material, basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) has received increasing attention due to its good economic and environmental performance. In this paper, BFRP single-lap joints (SLJs) bonded by Araldite®2011 and Araldite®2014 were selected as sample objects, the joints, aged for 240 h, 480 h, and 720 h, were experimentally analyzed in 3.5% NaCl solution/5% NaCl solution at 80 °C. The sequential dual Fickian (SDF) model was used to fit the water absorption process of the dumbbell specimen material. By comparison, the water absorption of the material occurred mainly on the adhesive and the water absorption of Araldite®2011 was higher than that of Araldite®2014. The decrease in the Tg of the aged joint adhesive was characterized by DSC, and the TG test showed that the polymer material in the joint was degraded by the damp–heat effect. The quasi-static tensile test showed that the decrease in joint failure strength was positively correlated with the water content of the solution. The Araldite®2011 adhesive joint showed better mechanical properties and stability than the Araldite®2014 adhesive joint, while the secondary crosslinking of the bound water with the polymer chain resulted in a slight increase in the stiffness of the aged joint. From comprehensive observation of the macro-section and SEM-EDX images, it is concluded that the failure mode of the joint changes from fiber tearing to mixed failure of fiber tearing and adhesive layer cohesion, and the plasticizing effect of the epoxy resin in the adhesive and chemical corrosion of salt ions weakens the adhesive layer’s bond strength.
Advances in Graphene–Polymer Nanocomposite Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sun Jiaotong , Zhou Dan
Published: July 2023

With the continuous advancement of wireless communication technology, the use of electromagnetic radiation has led to issues such as electromagnetic interference and pollution. To address the problem of electromagnetic radiation, there is a growing need for high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Graphene, a unique carbon nanomaterial with a two-dimensional structure and exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, offers advantages such as flexibility, light weight, good chemical stability, and high electromagnetic shielding efficiency. Consequently, it has emerged as an ideal filler in electromagnetic shielding composites, garnering significant attention. In order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and low weight for electromagnetic shielding materials, researchers have explored the use of graphene–polymer nanocomposite foams with a cellular structure. This mini-review provides an overview of the common methods used to prepare graphene–polymer nanocomposite foams and highlights the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of some representative nanocomposite foams. Additionally, the future prospects for the development of graphene–polymer nanocomposite foams as electromagnetic shielding materials are discussed.
Weakly Cross-Linked Anionic Copolymers: Kinetics of Swelling and Water-Retaining Properties of Hydrogels
Authors: Iliasov Leonid , Shibaev Andrey , Panova Irina , Kushchev Petr , Philippova Olga , Yaroslavov Alexander
Published: July 2023

Six cross-linked copolymers consisting of sodium acrylate, N-acrylamide, starch fragments and a cross-linker were synthesized, potentially suitable for use in agriculture as superabsorbents. The copolymers had the same content of carboxyl groups equal to 6.2 mmoles per 1 g of copolymer and the content of cross-linker (Q) varied from 0.04 up to 1 wt.%. The copolymers swelled in a pH 6.5 aqueous buffer solution thus giving hydrogel particles, which were characterized by a set of methods including gravimetry, rheometry, swelling pressure analysis, equilibrium centrifugation and water retention analysis with the following main conclusions. An increase in Q decreases the equilibrium degree of swelling. When swelling in a solid substrate, sand or soil, the equilibrium degree of swelling shows the maximum at Q = 0.14 wt.%. The cross-linking degree controls the swelling pressure of hydrogels and water-retaining properties of solid substrates with embedded hydrogels; in both cases, the maximum effects are observed at Q = 0.14 wt.%. These extreme dependences set the algorithm for synthesis of polymeric superabsorbents and optimization of their operational characteristics.
Abstracts of the 2023 49th Annual NATAS Conference
Authors: LaVan David , Yi Feng , Adams Tina , Tao Ran , Pelczar Elizabeth , Xia Han , Hu Xiao , Sauerbrunn Stephen , Matisons Janis
Published: July 2023

We are pleased to announce that the 49th annual meeting of NATAS cwill be held in Rockville, MD, a beautiful city that is part of the Washington D.C. National Capital Area, on the DC metro system (allowing easy access to Washington museums and sites), and close to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU-APL), Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Georgetown University, George Washington University, George Mason University, and the University of Maryland. The North American Thermal Analysis Society is a venerable organization that offers scientists and practitioners the opportunity to explore the frontiers of thermal analysis, rheology, and materials characterization. The NATAS meeting always features new developments in the science of thermal analysis as well as applications of these techniques in a wide variety of fields. The meeting includes exhibits from vendors allowing for personalized attention and connecting with providers of instrumentation and software related to thermal analysis. The Society appreciates the financial support of the following contributing sponsors this year: NIST, Mettler-Toledo, TA Instruments, SETARAM, Anton Paar USA, MDPI AG, TAFDV, and QΔT Lab. Exhibitors include AKTS SA, Anton Paar USA, Mettler-Toledo, McCrone Microscopes & Accessories, NETZSCH Instruments North America, TA Instruments, and Thermtest, Inc.
The Influence of the Initial Treatment of Oak Wood on Increasing the Durability of Exterior Transparent Coating Systems
Authors: Dvořák Ondřej , Kvietková Monika Sarvašová , Šimůnková Kristýna , Machanec Ondřej , Pánek Miloš , Pastierovič Filip , Lin Chia-Feng , Jones Dennis
Published: July 2023

This study determined the impact of undertaking an initial treatment of oak wood by sealing its surface pores with epoxy resin, focusing on the durability of transparent coating systems when exposed outdoors. Throughout the exposure period, various parameters including color, gloss, surface wettability, and both macroscopic and microscopic surface evaluation were continuously monitored. The study involved two sets of samples: one set underwent the pretreatment, while the other did not. Subsequently, four coating systems were applied to the samples, comprising two solvent-based and two water-based coatings. The experiment was conducted over a period of two years, utilizing natural weathering methods within the premises of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague. The pretreatment with epoxy resin exhibited enhanced durability for all paint systems. The analysis showed a significant difference in gloss and color after 12 months of weathering exposure without any significant effect on surface wettability and sealing. However, after 24 months of the weathering exposure, no significant differences between the sealed and unsealed surface were observed. The most significant change in properties was noted for the water-based coatings used in coating systems number 3 and 4, and these coatings were rated as the best.
Hydrogen Bond-Induced Activation of Photocatalytic and Piezophotocatalytic Properties in Calcium Nitrate Doped Electrospun PVDF Fibers
Authors: Orudzhev F. F. , Sobola D. S. , Ramazanov Sh. M. , Častková K. , Selimov D. A. , Rabadanova A. A. , Shuaibov A. O. , Gulakhmedov R. R. , Abdurakhmanov M. G. , Giraev K. M.
Published: July 2023

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers doped with hydrated calcium nitrate were prepared using electrospinning. The samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results are complementary and confirm the presence of chemical hydrogen bonding between the polymer and the dopant. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the proportion of the electroactive polar beta phase from 72 to 86%. It was shown that hydrogen bonds acted as a transport pathway for electron capture by the conjugated salt, leading to more than a three-fold quenching of photoluminescence. Furthermore, the optical bandgap of the composite material narrowed to the range of visible light energies. For the first time, it the addition of the salt reduced the energy of the PVDF exciton by a factor of 17.3, initiating photocatalytic activity. The calcium nitrate-doped PVDF exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under both UV and visible light (89 and 44%, respectively). The reaction rate increased by a factor of 2.4 under UV and 3.3 under visible light during piezophotocatalysis. The catalysis experiments proved the efficiency of the membrane design and mechanisms of catalysis are suggested. This study offers insight into the nature of chemical bonds in piezopolymer composites and potential opportunities for their use.
Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Hemp Oil Filtration Parameters and Peroxide Number
Authors: Souček Jiří , Jevič Petr , Dědina Martin , Tománková Veronika , Mašán Vladimír , Burg Patrik , Szalay Kornél , Jasinskas Algirdas
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the quality of hemp oil processing, specifically the filtration that is an important part of the technological procedure of processing vegetable oils. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of pressure and temperature on the filtration parameters when using plate filters. The research was carried out on an experimental measuring device with adjustable static pressure. The qualitative properties of the oil were observed in terms of analytical composition, microbial content, and changes in peroxide value as the indicator of oxidation stability. The change in pressure affected the oil flow rate, especially at lower pressure values. The increase in temperature of the filtered oil had a negative impact on the oxidation stability.
Pore-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Residual Oil Formation in Carbonate Sample from the Middle East
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Pi Jian , Tong Kaijun
Published: July 2023

Select porous carbonate cores are used to carry out water-flooding oil micro-CT flooding experiments, and use image processing to separate oil, water, microfacies, and rock skeleton. The gray value is used to determine the distribution position of the microfacies sub-resolution remaining oil. The gray image resolution is improved by the SRCNN method to improve the pore identification accuracy. The distribution and evolution law of the sub-resolution remaining oil after the displacement is determined by the oil-water distribution results. Using the SRCNN method, the pore recognition accuracy of the original scanned images of the two samples was increased by 47.88 times and 9.09 times, respectively. The sub-resolution residual oil and the macro-pore residual oil were determined from the CT scan images after the brine was saturated and divided into five categories. With the increase in the displacement ratio, the columnar and droplet residual oil of the low-permeability samples first increased and then decreased, and the cluster residual oil gradually decreased. The continuous residual oil of the hypertonic samples gradually decreased, and the discontinuous residual oil gradually increased. According to the research results of carbonate pore throat identification and sub-resolution microscopic residual oil change characteristics after water flooding under the SRCNN method, a method for distinguishing porous carbonate reservoirs is provided.
Physical and Chemical Phenomena during the Production of Hydrogen in the Microwave Discharge Generated in Liquid Hydrocarbons with the Barbotage of Various Gases
Authors: Batukaev Timur , Bilera Igor , Krashevskaya Galina , Lebedev Yuri
Published: July 2023

The physical and chemical characteristics of the microwave discharge in petroleum solvent during hydrogen production processes involving Ar, He, and CO2 barbotage were studied. Gas chromatography, emission spectroscopy, high-speed photography, and shadow photography were used for diagnosis. The results demonstrated the dependence of hydrogen yield on the flow rates of Ar, He, and CO2. The maximum yield values of hydrogen were 791 mL/min and 811 mL/min, while the maximum energy efficiency reached 135.6 NL/kWh and 162.2 NL/kWh in Nefras with Ar and He barbotage, respectively. The dynamics of discharge structure and the rotational and vibrational temperatures of C2 molecules were studied.
Between Reading and Performance: The Presence and Absence of Physical Texts
Authors: Elder Nicholas A.
Published: July 2023

In New Testament scholarship, there is a division between practitioners of performance criticism and those who engage the sociology of reading and reading cultures in the ancient Mediterranean context. The former, as the name of their methodology implies, tend to emphasize the performative nature of engaging textual traditions and downplay the importance of the physical document in a performance event. The latter stress the importance of the physical text in a reading event. This article reaches across the division between performance and reading, suggesting that written manuscripts play different roles in different kinds of performance and reading events. It surveys primary source evidence of two types: one in which the physical text is absent from or de-emphasized in the performance event and another in which the document is explicitly present and figures prominently in the reading event. The article concludes by suggesting that performance critics ought to be more explicit about what role they imagine physical documents to have in hypothetical performance events and that those engaging the sociology of reading ought to be more attuned to the performative potential of communal reading events.
The Problem of Pentecostal and Charismatic Hermeneutics: Prophetic Reenactment as a Way Forward
Authors: Storbakken Scott
Published: July 2023

To bridge gaps between Pentecostal and Charismatic hermeneutics, I will use two examples to propose a method, namely prophetic reenactment. First, the Azusa Street revival dramatically represented Acts 2, reflecting an interpretation of that chapter. Although the revival most explicitly interpreted one chapter, we can discern a more thoroughgoing hermeneutic of Scripture through actions that flowed out of the revival. Specifically, I will argue that the prophetic reenactment of Acts 2 also interpreted Acts 4:33–37. Attendants came from various racial, economic, and ecclesiological backgrounds in a culture that disapproved of such intermingling. Through racial integration and actions against poverty, they implicitly interpreted Acts 4:33–37. That hermeneutic directed their newly formed spiritual community. Secondly, Revelation 14:1–5 shows a prophetic reenactment of the defiled angel myth prominent in Second Temple apocalypticism. John introduces characters who act out a reversal of 1 Enoch 12:4. Nevertheless, John shows a wider interpretive schema that extends beyond noncanonical apocalyptic hermeneutics. John never alludes to Acts 4:33–37. As a result of the prophecy and drama involved, however, John writes about a community of “144,000 virgins” that embodies Acts 4:33–37, thus including an implicit interpretation of the Acts pericope via 1 Enoch 12:4.