bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bottom‐up approach to identifying the maximum operational adaptive capacity of water resource systems to a changing climate
Authors: Culley S. , Noble S. , Yates A. , Timbs M. , Westra S. , Maier H. R. , Giuliani M. , Castelletti A.
Published: August 2016

Many water resource systems have been designed assuming that the statistical characteristics of future inflows are similar to those of the historical record. This assumption is no longer valid due to large‐scale changes in the global climate, potentially causing declines in water resource system performance, or even complete system failure. Upgrading system infrastructure to cope with climate change can require substantial financial outlay, so it might be preferable to optimize existing system performance when possible. This paper builds on decision scaling theory by proposing a bottom‐up approach to designing optimal feedback control policies for a water system exposed to a changing climate. This approach not only describes optimal operational policies for a range of potential climatic changes but also enables an assessment of a system's upper limit of its operational adaptive capacity, beyond which upgrades to infrastructure become unavoidable. The approach is illustrated using the Lake Como system in Northern Italy—a regulated system with a complex relationship between climate and system performance. By optimizing system operation under different hydrometeorological states, it is shown that the system can continue to meet its minimum performance requirements for more than three times as many states as it can under current operations. Importantly, a single management policy, no matter how robust, cannot fully utilize existing infrastructure as effectively as an ensemble of flexible management policies that are updated as the climate changes.
New observational evidence for a positive cloud feedback that amplifies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Bellomo Katinka , Clement Amy C. , Murphy Lisa N. , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Cane Mark A.
Published: August 2016

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) affects climate variability in the North Atlantic basin and adjacent continents with potential societal impacts. Previous studies based on model simulations and short‐term satellite retrievals hypothesized an important role for cloud radiative forcing in modulating the persistence of the AMO in the tropics, but this mechanism remains to be tested with long‐term observational records. Here we analyze data sets that span multiple decades and present new observational evidence for a positive feedback between total cloud amount, sea surface temperature (SST), and atmospheric circulation that can strengthen the persistence and amplitude of the tropical branch of the AMO. In addition, we estimate cloud amount feedback from observations and quantify its impact on SST with idealized modeling experiments. From these experiments we conclude that cloud feedbacks can account for 10% to 31% of the observed SST anomalies associated with the AMO over the tropics.
An ensemble of ocean reanalyses for 1815–2013 with sparse observational input
Authors: Giese Benjamin S. , Seidel Howard F. , Compo Gilbert P. , Sardeshmukh Prashant D.
Published: August 2016

This paper describes a new eight‐member ensemble of ocean reanalyses spanning nearly 200 years from 1815 to 2013 generated using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation system with sparse observational input (SODAsi) to explore long‐term changes in the oceans. The eight ensemble members assimilate surface temperature observations and use surface boundary conditions from an atmospheric reanalysis that is loosely coupled to the ocean reanalysis. Both surface and subsurface quantities, such as dynamic height and heat content, show a broad spectrum of variability. Surface temperature trends from 1815 to 2013 are positive in most regions, with some important exceptions; the central Tropical Pacific, around Antarctica, and in the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio extension regions all show cooling trends. A near‐global average shows warming of about 0.8°C over the full period, with most of the warming occurring after 1920. There is pronounced multidecadal variability in both the midlatitude and tropical oceans. In the North Atlantic Ocean, temperature variability is highly correlated with the meridional overturning stream function, with the largest correlation occurring when the stream function is advanced by 9 years. Trends of upper ocean heat content and dynamic height from the 1950s onward compare well with previously published values. Globally averaged heat content of the upper 700 m shows a nearly linear rise after the 1920s, requiring a net downward surface heat flux increase of 0.47 W m−2 into the ocean. This is close to published estimates of the increased flux required to explain the heat content increase from 1971 to 2010.
Anode‐Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Qian Jiangfeng , Adams Brian D. , Zheng Jianming , Xu Wu , Henderson Wesley A. , Wang Jun , Bowden Mark E. , Xu Suochang , Hu Jianzhi , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: August 2016

Anode‐free rechargeable lithium (Li) batteries (AFLBs) are phenomenal energy storage systems due to their significantly increased energy density and reduced cost relative to Li‐ion batteries, as well as ease of assembly because of the absence of an active (reactive) anode material. However, significant challenges, including Li dendrite growth and low cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE), have prevented their practical implementation. Here, an anode‐free rechargeable lithium battery based on a Cu||LiFePO4 cell structure with an extremely high CE (>99.8%) is reported for the first time. This results from the utilization of both an exceptionally stable electrolyte and optimized charge/discharge protocols, which minimize the corrosion of the in situly formed Li metal anode.
Practices for Improving Secondary School Climate: A Systematic Review of the Research Literature
Authors: Voight Adam , Nation Maury
Published: August 2016

School climate has received increased attention in education policy and, in response, educators are seeking strategies to improve the climates of their middle and high schools. However, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the empirical evidence for what works in school climate improvement. This article constitutes a systematic review of programs and practices with empirical support for improving school climate. It defines school climate and provides a methodology for identifying and evaluating relevant studies. The review identified 66 studies with varying strength of evidence and nine common elements that cut across reviewed programs and practices. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of what we know about school climate improvement and what we still need to know.
A New Tetraphenylethylene‐Derived Fluorescent Probe for Nitroreductase Detection and Hypoxic‐Tumor‐Cell Imaging
Authors: You Xue , Li Lihong , Li Xiaohua , Ma Huimin , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing
Published: August 2016

The fluorescence detection of nitroreductase (NTR) and evaluation of the hypoxia status of tumor cells are vital, not only for clinical diagnoses and therapy, but also for biomedical research. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of a new fluorometric “turn‐on” probe for the detection of NTR (TPE−NO2) that takes advantage of the aggregation‐induced emission of tetraphenylethylene. TPE−NO2 can detect NTR at concentrations as low as 5 ng mL−1 in aqueous solution. The detection mechanism relied on the aggregation and deaggregation of tetraphenylethylene molecules. Moreover, this fluorescent probe can be used to monitor the hypoxia status of tumor cells through the detection of endogenous NTR.
A Dipolar Anthracene Dye: Synthesis, Optical Properties and Two‐photon Tissue Imaging
Authors: Moon Hyunsoo , Jun Yong Woong , Kim Dokyoung , Ryu Hye Gun , Wang Taejun , Kim Ki Hean , Huh Youngbuhm , Jung Junyang , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: August 2016

Two‐photon microscopy is a powerful tool for studying biological systems. In search of novel two‐photon absorbing dyes for bioimaging, we synthesized a new anthracene‐based dipolar dye (anthradan) and evaluated its two‐photon absorbing and imaging properties. The new anthradan, 9,10‐bis(o‐dimethoxy‐phenyl)‐anthradan, absorbs and emits at longer wavelengths than acedan, a well‐known two‐photon absorbing dye. It is also stable under two‐photon excitation conditions and biocompatible, and thus used for two‐photon imaging of mouse organ tissues to show bright, near‐red fluorescence along with negligible autofluorescence. Such an anthradan thus holds promise as a new class of two‐photon absorbing dyes for the development of fluorescent probes and tags for biological systems.
Risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy with and without intraoperative nerve monitoring
Authors: Bergenfelz A , Salem A F , Jacobsson H , Nordenström E , Almquist M , Wallin G W , Reihnér E , Hessman O , Eriksson H , Jansson S , Wennerberg J
Published: August 2016

Background

Vocal cord palsy occurs in 3–5 per cent of patients after thyroidectomy. To reduce this complication, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has been introduced, although its use remains controversial. This study investigated the risk of postoperative vocal cord palsy with and without the use of intermittent IONM.

Methods

Patients registered in the Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Surgery, 2009–2013, were included. Early palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was diagnosed within 6 weeks after surgery. Permanent palsy was defined as that persisting after 6 months. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for vocal cord palsy.

Results

The cohort consisted of 5252 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. IONM was used in 3277 operations (62·4 per cent); postoperative laryngoscopy was performed in 1757 patients (33·5 per cent). Early vocal cord palsy occurred in 217 patients (4·1 per cent), of which three were bilateral, all in the group without IONM. Permanent vocal cord palsy occurred in 62 patients (1·2 per cent). In the multivariable analysis of 1757 patients who had postoperative laryngoscopy, the use of IONM was not associated with a decreased risk of early vocal cord palsy (odds ratio (OR) 0·67, 95 per cent c.i. 0·44 to 1·01), but decreased the risk of permanent vocal cord palsy (OR 0·43, 0·19 to 0·93). [Correction added on 11 November 2016 after first publication: the word ‘routine’ has been removed from this section.]

Conclusion

IONM reduced the risk of permanent vocal cord palsy. No bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred following IONM.
Ultrasound‐guided femoral arterial access in pediatric cardiac catheterizations: A prospective evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, and mechanism for acute loss of arterial pulse
Authors: Alexander John , Yohannan Thomas , Abutineh Iman , Agrawal Vijaykumar , Lloyd Hannah , Zurakowski David , Waller B. Rush , Sathanandam Shyam
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence, mechanisms, and identify risk factors for acute loss of arterial pulse (LOP) in children who had ultrasound‐guided femoral arterial access (UGFAA) during cardiac catheterization.

Background

LOP is a known complication in children following femoral arterial (FA) access for cardiac catheterization. The prevalence of LOP requiring treatment ranges between 4% and 8%.

Methods

A prospective study was performed including 486 cardiac catheterizations using UGFAA in children ≤18 years over a 3 years period. Ultrasound and Doppler evaluations were performed prior to and at the end of the procedure.

Results

LOP was identified in 33 cases (6.8%) with 23 (4.7%) requiring treatment. For children ≤6 months, the prevalence of LOP requiring treatment was 13.6%. FA diameter <3 mm was the only significant independent predictor for LOP (OR: 8.44, 95% CI: 2.07–34.5, P < 0.001). Smaller patient size, number of access attempts, time required for access, operator experience, sheath size, and length of procedure were not found to be significant predictors. Children with LOP had a greater percentage decrease in vessel diameter (median 62% vs 18%, P < 0.001) compared to those without LOP. FA thrombus was diagnosed only in 9 patients (27% of those with LOP).

Conclusions

The prevalence of LOP requiring treatment is 4.7% when UGFAA is used during pediatric cardiac catheterizations. Arterial spasm was more common than thrombus as a cause of LOP. FA diameter <3 mm was the only independent predictor for LOP in this carefully designed prospective study. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Failing bioprosthesis in systemic tricuspid position after a Senning procedure—Successful percutaneous tricuspid valve implantation
Authors: Eicken Andreas , Kasel Markus , Ewert Peter
Published: August 2016

We report on successful transvenous and transbaffle implantation of a 26‐mm Sapien 3 valve into a failing tricuspid (“systemic”) biological prosthesis in a patient after a Senning–Brom operation for transposition of the great arteries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of a Ruthenium–Carbonyl Complex in the Methanol Dehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: van de Watering Fenna F. , Lutz Martin , Dzik Wojciech I. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: August 2016

Finding new catalysts for the release of molecular hydrogen from methanol is of high relevance in the context of the development of sustainable energy carriers. Herein, we report that the ruthenium complex Ru(salbinapht)(CO)(Pi‐Pr3) {salbinapht=2‐[({2′‐[(2‐hydroxybenzyl)amino]‐[1,1′‐binaphthalen]‐2‐yl}imino)methyl]phenolato} (2) catalyzes the methanol dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of base and water to yield H2, formate, and carbonate. Dihydrogen is the only gas detected and a turnover frequency up to 55 h−1 at 82 °C is reached. Complex 2 bears a carbonyl ligand that is derived from methanol, as is demonstrated by labeling experiments. The carbonyl ligand can be treated with base to form formate (HCOO−) and hydrogen. The nature of the active species is further shown not to contain a CO ligand but likely still possesses a salen‐derived ligand. During catalysis, formation of Ru(CO)2(H)2(P‐iPr3)2 is occasionally observed, which is also an active methanol dehydrogenation catalyst.
Cubic Siloxanes with Both Si−H and Si−OtBu Groups for Site‐Selective Siloxane Bond Formation
Authors: Saito Shohei , Yamasue Nao , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: August 2016

Cage‐type siloxanes have attracted increasing attention as building blocks for silica‐based nanomaterials as their corners can be modified with various functional groups. Cubic octasiloxanes incorporating both Si−H and Si−OtBu groups [(tBuO)nH8−nSi8O12; n=1, 2 or 7] have been synthesized by the reaction of octa(hydridosilsesquioxane) (H8Si8O12) and tert‐butyl alcohol in the presence of a Et2NOH catalyst. The Si−H and Si−OtBu groups are useful for site‐selective formation of Si−O−Si linkages without cage structure deterioration. The Si−H group can be selectively hydrolyzed to form a Si−OH group in the presence of Et2NOH, enabling the formation of the monosilanol compound (tBuO)7(HO)Si8O12. The Si−OH group can be used for either intermolecular condensation to form a dimeric cage compound or silylation to introduce new reaction sites. Additionally, the alkoxy groups of (tBuO)7HSi8O12 can be treated with organochlorosilanes in the presence of a BiCl3 catalyst to form Si−O−Si linkages, while the Si−H group remains intact. These results indicate that such bifunctional cage siloxanes allow for stepwise Si−O−Si bond formation to design new siloxane‐based nanomaterials.
Specific Noncovalent Association of Chiral Large‐Ring Hexaimines: Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and PM7 Study
Authors: Troć Anna , Gajewy Jadwiga , Danikiewicz Witold , Kwit Marcin
Published: August 2016

Ion mobility mass spectrometry and PM7 semiempirical calculations are effective complementary methods to study gas phase formation of noncovalent complexes from vaselike macrocycles. The specific association of large‐ring chiral hexaimines, derived from enantiomerically pure trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and various isophthaldehydes, is driven mostly by CH–π and π–π stacking interactions. The isotrianglimine macrocycles are prone to form two types of aggregates: tail‐to‐tail and head‐to‐head (capsule) dimers. The stability of the tail‐to‐tail dimers is affected by the size and electronic properties of the substituents at the C‐5 position of the aromatic ring. Electron‐withdrawing groups stabilize the aggregate, whereas bulky or electron‐donating groups destabilize the complexes.
Azine‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework (COF)‐Based Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Shan Meixia , Seoane Beatriz , Rozhko Elena , Dikhtiarenko Alla , Clet Guillaume , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge
Published: August 2016

Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising Matrimid and a microporous azine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (ACOF‐1) were prepared and tested in the separation of CO2 from an equimolar CO2/CH4 mixture. The COF‐based MMMs show a more than doubling of the CO2 permeability upon 16 wt % ACOF‐1 loading together with a slight increase in selectivity compared to the bare polymer. These results show the potential of COFs in the preparation of MMMs.
Azulene–Naphthalene‐Type Rearrangements in Benz[a]azulene and Cyclohepta[b]indole
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Becker Jürgen
Published: August 2016

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of benz[a]azulene yields phenanthrene and 2‐ethynylbiphenyl. FVP of cyclohepta[b]indole similarly yields phenanthridine and 2‐cyanobiphenyl. The reversibility of the reactions is demonstrated by FVP of 2‐ethynylbiphenyl and 2‐isocyanobiphenyl. All the observed reactions are in accord with the norcaradiene–vinylidene mechanism of the azulene–naphthalene rearrangement, whereas other proposed mechanisms are ruled out.
Color management for enhancing the performance of superfine nylon ink jet printing with reactive dyes inks
Authors: Fanglan Guan , Luoyu Zhang , Yinghui Li
Published: August 2016

The challenge for the inkjet printing textiles is that the colors reproduction quality of printed output is an accurate match to the original artwork. Actual evidence from art workers with digital print facilities reveals that they regularly encounter problems in this area. This article concerns the initial stages of an investigation into color accuracy in digitally printed superfine nylon under low temperature plasma pretreatment in order to get a accuracy and color‐increased superfine nylon digital prints. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 346–351, 2017
A New Alkali‐Stable Phosphonium Cation Based on Fundamental Understanding of Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Bingzi , Kaspar Robert B. , Gu Shuang , Wang Junhua , Zhuang Zhongbin , Yan Yushan
Published: August 2016

Highly alkali‐stable cationic groups are a critical component of hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs). To search for such cations, we studied the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of a series of quaternary phosphonium (QP) cations. Benzyl tris(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium [BTPP‐(2,4,6‐MeO)] was determined to have higher alkaline stability than the benchmark cation, benzyl trimethylammonium (BTMA). A multi‐step methoxy‐triggered degradation mechanism for BTPP‐(2,4,6‐MeO) was proposed and verified. By replacing methoxy substituents with methyl groups, a superior QP cation, methyl tris(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phosphonium [MTPP‐(2,4,6‐Me)] was developed. MTPP‐(2,4,6‐Me) is one of the most stable cations reported to date, with <20 % degradation after 5000 h at 80 °C in a 1 m KOD in CD3OD/D2O (5:1 v/v) solution.
Managing for diversity: harvest gap size drives complex light, vegetation, and deer herbivory impacts on tree seedlings
Authors: Walters Michael B. , Farinosi Evan J. , Willis John L. , Gottschalk Kurt W.
Published: August 2016

Many managed northern hardwood forests are characterized by low‐diversity tree regeneration. Small harvest gaps, competition from shrub–herb vegetation, and browsing by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) contribute to this pattern, but we know little about how these factors interact. With a stand‐scale experiment, we examined the effects of gap size (0–3234 m2), vegetation (weeded:unweeded), and deer (fenced:unfenced) on seedling growth and survival for 18 tree species. With increasing gap size and light, shrub–herb vegetation density increased, while deer browsing on seedlings in unweeded plots decreased. Fenced:weeded seedlings of all species increased in height up to 35–45% light, with optimal growth in large‐group selection and patch cut harvest gaps. Height growth rank order among tree species changed between gap sizes, but growth varied little in small, low‐light gaps. Instead, a low‐light survival (i.e., shade tolerance) vs. high‐light growth tradeoff we observed is likely more important for species sorting of gap sizes. Shrub–herb vegetation decreased seedling survival and growth, especially in larger harvest gaps, shifting gap size optima to smaller gaps, but had little effect on growth/survival rank order among species. In contrast, deer had strong impacts on growth rank order, especially in larger gaps where species differences in growth potential were trumped by differences in deer browsing pressure responses. However, contrary to their consistently negative main effects, vegetation and deer had two positive interacting effects: dense shrub–herb vegetation in large gaps protected seedlings of faster‐growing species from browsing and deer browsing of shrub–herb vegetation modestly increased light and growth of short, suppressed, browsing‐avoided species. In summary, harvest gap size‐mediated light availability, shrub–herb vegetation, and deer herbivory had strong interacting effects on tree seedling interspecific performance ranks and intraspecific optimal gap sizes. For management, a broad range of harvest gap sizes and rapid establishment of tree regeneration (naturally or planted) to minimize shrub–herb competition should increase tree diversity in forests with few deer. However, with deer browsing pressure, a more limited set of lesser‐browsed species are likely to recruit successfully regardless of gap size, except in large patch cut gaps, where recruitment of faster‐growing, shade‐intolerant species is possible.
Random movement of predators can eliminate trophic cascades in marine protected areas
Authors: Jiao Jing , Pilyugin Sergei S. , Osenberg Craig W.
Published: August 2016

The protection of predators inside marine reserves is expected to generate trophic cascades with predator density increasing but prey density decreasing; however, predators and prey often both increase inside reserves. This mismatch between the expected and observed change in prey density has been explained because prey also are harvested; that is, the protection of prey compensates for the additional predation inside the reserve. Here, we show that this mechanism alone cannot increase densities of predator and prey; other mechanisms are required, and we hypothesized that movement of predator and/or prey might provide such a mechanism. We therefore built two spatially implicit two‐patch predator–prey models with movement of predator and prey between reserve and fishing grounds. We show that post‐settlement movement of predators (but not prey) altered the strength of trophic cascades and could increase densities of both predator and focal prey. We further built a more general model that shows that predator post‐settlement movement can reinforce and even supplement the effect of two previously investigated mechanisms producing trophic cascades: a prey size refuge and predator density‐dependent mortality. Our study increases understanding of mechanisms that can alter the strength (and direction) of prey responses inside marine reserves and highlights the importance of movement in human‐induced heterogeneous systems.
Emerging opportunities and challenges in phenology: a review
Authors: Tang Jianwu , Körner Christian , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Piao Shilong , Shen Miaogen , Thackeray Stephen J. , Yang Xi
Published: August 2016

Plant phenology research has gained increasing attention because of the sensitivity of phenology to climate change and its consequences for ecosystem function. Recent technological development has made it possible to gather invaluable data at a variety of spatial and ecological scales. Despite our ability to observe phenological change at multiple scales, the mechanistic basis of phenology is still not well understood. Integration of multiple disciplines, including ecology, evolutionary biology, climate science, and remote sensing, with long‐term monitoring data across multiple spatial scales is needed to advance understanding of phenology. We review the mechanisms and major drivers of plant phenology, including temperature, photoperiod, and winter chilling, as well as other factors such as competition, resource limitation, and genetics. Shifts in plant phenology have significant consequences on ecosystem productivity, carbon cycling, competition, food webs, and other ecosystem functions and services. We summarize recent advances in observation techniques across multiple spatial scales, including digital repeat photography, other complementary optical measurements, and solar‐induced fluorescence, to assess our capability to address the importance of these scale‐dependent drivers. Then, we review phenology models as an important component of earth system modeling. We find that the lack of species‐level knowledge and observation data leads to difficulties in the development of vegetation phenology models at ecosystem or community scales. Finally, we recommend further research to advance understanding of the mechanisms governing phenology and the standardization of phenology observation methods across networks. With the opportunity for “big data” collection for plant phenology, we envision a breakthrough in process‐based phenology modeling.
Synthesis, Fluorescence, and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Push–Pull 5‐Arylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Manuela M. , Raposo M. , Herbivo Cyril , Hugues Vincent , Clermont Guillaume , Castro M. Cidália R. , Comel Alain , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille
Published: August 2016

Three series of novel push–pull 5‐arylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene derivatives functionalized with potent electron‐withdrawing terminal moieties have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields by Suzuki coupling followed by Knoevenagel condensation. These novel chromophores show intense absorption in the near‐UV region through to the orange visible region, related to a strong intramolecular charge‐transfer transition. By combining a strong donor and acceptor, large fluorescence quantum yields were achieved as well as large two‐photon absorption responses. Interestingly, due to the improved rigidity and electronic delocalization provided by the thienothiophene moiety (as compared with the bithiophene unit), higher one‐ and two‐photon brightness values have been achieved. As a result, several new fluorescent dyes showing enhanced brightness and tunable fluorescence (ranging from the blue to the NIR region) have been obtained that have potential for bioimaging applications.
Expanding the molecular signature of ossifying fibromyxoid tumors with two novel gene fusions: CREBBP‐BCORL1 and KDM2A‐WWTR1
Authors: Kao Yu‐Chien , Sung Yun‐Shao , Zhang Lei , Chen Chun‐Liang , Huang Shih‐Chiang , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: August 2016

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation and intermediate malignant potential. Recurrent gene fusions involving either PHF1 or BCOR have been found in 85% of OFMT, including typical and malignant examples. As a subset of OFMT still lack known genetic abnormalities, we identified two OFMTs negative for PHF1 and BCOR rearrangements, which were subjected to transcriptome analysis for fusion discovery. The RNA sequencing found a novel CREBBP‐BCORL1 fusion candidate in an axillary mass of a 51 year‐old male and a KDM2A‐WWTR1 in a thigh mass of a 36 year‐old male. The gene fusions were validated by RT‐PCR and FISH in the index cases and then screened by FISH on 4 additional OFMTs lacking known fusions. An identical CREBBP‐BCORL1 fusion was found in an elbow tumor from a 30 year‐old male. Both OFMTs with CREBBP‐BCORL1 fusions had areas of typical OFMT morphology, exhibiting uniform round to epithelioid cells arranged in cords or nesting pattern in a fibromyxoid stroma. The OFMT with KDM2A‐WWTR1 fusion involved dermis and superficial subcutis, being composed of ovoid cells in a fibromyxoid background with hyalinized giant rosettes. The S100 immunoreactivity ranged from very focal to absent. Similar to other known fusion genes in OFMT, BCORL1, CREBBP and KDM2A are also involved in histone modification. In summary, we expand the spectrum of molecular abnormalities in OFMT with 2 novel fusions, CREBBP‐BCORL1 and KDM2A‐WWTR1, further implicating the epigenetic deregulation as the leading pathogenetic mechanism in OFMT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Organizational Evolution: Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation and Adaptation of the Enterprise Model
Authors: Zollo Maurizio , Bettinazzi Emanuele L.M. , Neumann Kerstin , Snoeren Peter
Published: August 2016

Plain language summary

This article argues that the rapid evolution of expectations and influence capacity by corporate stakeholders requires managers in MNCs not only to adapt operating activities, but to rethink the purpose and overarching goal of the business enterprise, adapting it from a shareholder‐primacy to a multi‐stakeholder enterprise model. This complex adaptation process, however, requires the development of a specific form of competence to be developed and honed, different in kind from the typical capabilities focused on organizational change. With the help of concrete examples of sustainability‐driven change initiatives, we discuss how the two enterprise models differ and how the development of this new type of competence facilitates the transition from one to the other.

Technical summary

This article argues that the dynamic capabilities framework can be useful to study the evolutionary change processes that MNCs go through as they strive to innovate and adapt to societal pressures related to corporate sustainability. These pressures require MNCs to rethink and adapt core organizational elements and we argue that current dynamic capabilities theory is not sufficiently developed to explain these adaptive efforts. We suggest refining and extending theory in two directions: (1) distinguishing between behavioral, cognitive, and relational organizational elements as objects of the innovation, change, and learning dynamics; and (2) distinguishing between capabilities specific to generative variation and selection of innovative change and adaptation ideas from those specific to their diffusion and retention. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society
Double positivity for HPV DNA/p16 in tonsillar and base of tongue cancer improves prognostication: Insights from a large population‐based study
Authors: Garnaes Emilie , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kiss Katalin , Andersen Luise , Therkildsen Marianne H. , Franzmann Maria B. , Specht Lena , Andersen Elo , Norrild Bodil , Kjaer Susanne K. , von Buchwald Christian
Published: August 2016

The aim was to explore the overall survival (OS) for palatine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), subdivided, according to certainty of tonsillar tumour origin, into specified tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas (STSCCs) and nonspecified tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas (NSTSCCs), and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) when stratifying for HPV DNA status, p16 expression and combined HPV/p16 status. We included all patients (n = 797) diagnosed with TSCCs and BSCCs in Eastern Denmark as registered in the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group (DAHANCA) database and the Danish Pathology Databank, 2000–2010. Patients were treated according to national guidelines (radiotherapy +/− concomitant cisplatin). All specimens were analysed using HPV DNA PCR and p16 immunohistochemistry. Clinical information was retrieved from the DAHANCA database and the Danish National Patient Registry. Information on vital status was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System. We observed improved OS for HPV+/p16+ BSCCs compared to HPV−/p16− (hazard ratio for death [HR], 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09–0.24). Among STSCCs, HPV+/p16+ showed the lowest HR (0.19, 95% CI, 0.13–0.29); whereas, HPV−/p16+ showed an intermediate HR (0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.70). For NSTSCCs, HPV+/p16+ and HPV−/p16+ showed similar OS (HRs, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.26–0.59; and 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24–0.95, respectively). Combined HPV+/p16+ was a significantly better prognostic marker in BSCCs and STSCCs than HPV DNA and p16, alone (all p‐values < 0.05). Whereas, combined testing in NSTSCC was not better than p16 (p = 0.53), alone. In conclusion, double positivity for HPV/p16 in conjunction with the certainty of tumour site improved prognosis.
Capacity expansion and cost efficiency improvement in the warehouse problem
Authors: Al‐Gwaiz Majid , Chao Xiuli , Romeijn H. Edwin
Published: August 2016

The warehouse problem with deterministic production cost, selling prices, and demand was introduced in the 1950s and there is a renewed interest recently due to its applications in energy storage and arbitrage. In this paper, we consider two extensions of the warehouse problem and develop efficient computational algorithms for finding their optimal solutions. First, we consider a model where the firm can invest in capacity expansion projects for the warehouse while simultaneously making production and sales decisions in each period. We show that this problem can be solved with a computational complexity that is linear in the product of the length of the planning horizon and the number of capacity expansion projects. We then consider a problem in which the firm can invest to improve production cost efficiency while simultaneously making production and sales decisions in each period. The resulting optimization problem is non‐convex with integer decision variables. We show that, under some mild conditions on the cost data, the problem can be solved in linear computational time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 367–373, 2016
Polyimide‐carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: electrical conduction behavior under cryogenic condition
Authors: Nayak Lalatendu , Rahaman Mostafizur , Aldalbahi Ali , Kumar Chaki Tapan , Khastgir Dipak
Published: August 2016

This study is aimed to investigate the electrical conduction behavior of polyimide (PI)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites in cryogenic environment (temperature from 10 to 300 K) prepared by in situ polymerization technique. The experimental results of direct current (DC) electrical conductivity have been fitted with different theoretical models to check their applicability and to understand the conduction behavior for the present nanocomposite system. The PI/CNT nanocomposites show low electrical percolation threshold. Negative temperature coefficient effect of resistivity is observed for all the composites under investigation. The analysis shows that Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model is more applicable compared to Arrhenius and Kivelson models for the present composites over the entire range of measurement temperature. The electronic transport behavior in each composite at temperature above 70 K can be ascribed to thermally activated tunneling of charge carriers through insulating barriers between CNTs; however, the electronic transport behavior at temperature below 70 K can be attributed to three dimensional VRH of charge carriers through the networks of CNTs in the polymer composite. The current–voltage characteristics of the composite show non‐ohmic behavior for temperature below 60 K and become ohmic in nature as temperature rises to 300 K. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:291–298, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Point mutations at the catalytic site of PCSK9 inhibit folding, autoprocessing, and interaction with the LDL receptor
Authors: Garvie Colin W. , Fraley Cara V. , Elowe Nadine H. , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Lemke Christopher T. , Hubbard Brian K. , Kaushik Virendar K. , Daniels Douglas S.
Published: August 2016

Circulating low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) is regulated by membrane‐bound LDL receptor (LDLr). Upon LDLc and LDLr interaction the complex is internalized by the cell, leading to LDLc degradation and LDLr recycling back to the cell surface. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein regulates this cycling. PCSK9 is secreted from the cell and binds LDLr. When the complex is internalized, PCSK9 prevents LDLr from shuttling back to the surface and instead targets it for degradation. PCSK9 is a serine protease expressed as a zymogen that undergoes autoproteolysis, though the two resulting protein domains remain stably associated as a heterodimer. This PCSK9 autoprocessing is required for the protein to be secreted from the cell. To date, direct analysis of PCSK9 autoprocessing has proven challenging, as no catalytically active zymogen has been isolated. A PCSK9 loss‐of‐function point mutation (Q152H) that reduces LDLc levels two‐fold was identified in a patient population. LDLc reduction was attributed to a lack of PCSK9(Q152H) autoprocessing preventing secretion of the protein. We have isolated a zymogen form of PCSK9, PCSK9(Q152H), and a related mutation (Q152N), that can undergo slow autoproteolysis. We show that the point mutation prevents the formation of the mature form of PCSK9 by hindering folding, reducing the rate of autoproteolysis, and destabilizing the heterodimeric form of the protein. In addition, we show that the zymogen form of PCSK9 adopts a structure that is distinct from the processed form and is unable to bind a mimetic peptide based on the EGF‐A domain of the LDLr.
Effect of Thermal Stratification on Phytoplankton and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regulated River (Saar, Germany)
Authors: Engel F. , Fischer H.
Published: August 2016

The weir pool Serrig is the deepest one along the impounded river Saar. Damming caused massive changes in the river's hydrodynamics. We analyzed the spatio‐temporal variability of thermal density stratification in the weir pool and its effect on phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics. In the analysis, continuous measurements from the years 2014 and 2015 were combined with three two‐day sampling campaigns in spring 2015. Thermal stratification occurred regularly in the downstream section of the weir pool during spring and summer and showed a diurnal rhythm. Temperature differences >1 K between the 1 and 2 m water layer were observed during 34 out of 217 days (16%) in 2014, with maximum temperature gradients up to 3.71 K. Whereas the influence of thermal stratification on phytoplankton biomass and distribution was low during the algal bloom in early spring, stratification events between May and July promoted temporary algal blooms in the surface layer with chlorophyll a concentrations up to 98 µg Chla l−1 and a maximum difference between the 1 and 2 m water layer of 36 µg Chla l−1. Some of the stratification events resulted in reduced concentrations of dissolved nutrients in the surface layer as a result of increased uptake by algae, with maximum gradients between the surface and the 8 m water layer of 0.070 mg ortho‐PO43‐‐P l−1, 0.136 mg NH4+−N l−1 and 0.24 mg NO3¯−N l−1. These vertical gradients should be considered in sampling protocols for the assessment of the water quality of temporarily stratified river sections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biased penalty calls in the National Hockey League
Authors: Beaudoin David , Schulte Oliver , Swartz Tim B.
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates penalty calls in the National Hockey League (NHL). Our study shows that there are various situational effects that are associated with the next penalty call. These situational effects are related to the accumulated penalty calls, the goal differential, the stage of the match and the relative strengths of the two teams. We also investigate individual referee effects across the NHL. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Cover Image, Volume 5, Issue 5
Authors: Xie Jing , Stefanov Alexandru , Liu Chen‐Ching
Published: August 2016

The cover image, by Jing Xie et al., is based on the Advanced Review Physical and cyber security in a smart grid environment, DOI: 10.1002/wene.202. Jing Xie would also like to acknowledge Radek Hamza, Martin Bilek, and Marino Sforna for their research efforts that led to this review paper.

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Proteins differentially expressed during limonene biotransformation byPenicillium digitatumDSM 62840 were examined using iTRAQ labeling coupled with 2D-LC–MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Zhang Yan , Ren Jing-Nan , Liu Yan-Long , Li Jia-Jia , Tai Ya-Nan , Yang Shu-Zhen , Pan Si-Yi , Fan Gang
Published: August 2016

This study focused on the differences in protein expression at various periods during limonene biotransformation by Penicillium digitatum DSM 62840. A total of 3644 protein-species were quantified by iTRAQ during limonene biotransformation (0 and 12 h). A total of 643 proteins were differentially expressed, 316 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 327 proteins were markedly down-regulated. GO, COG, and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins possessed catalytic and binding functions and were involved in a variety of cellular and metabolic process. Furthermore, the enzymes involved in limonene transformation might be related to cytochrome P-450. This study provided a powerful platform for further exploration of biotransformation, and the identified proteins provided insight into the mechanism of limonene transformation.
NOTES ON AUTOMORPHISMS OF SURFACES OF GENERAL TYPE WITH AND
Authors: CHEN YIFAN
Published: August 2016

Let$S$be a smooth minimal complex surface of general type with$p_{g}=0$and$K^{2}=7$. We prove that any involution on$S$is in the center of the automorphism group of$S$. As an application, we show that the automorphism group of an Inoue surface with$K^{2}=7$is isomorphic to$\mathbb{Z}_{2}^{2}$or$\mathbb{Z}_{2}\times \mathbb{Z}_{4}$. We construct a$2$-dimensional family of Inoue surfaces with automorphism groups isomorphic to$\mathbb{Z}_{2}\times \mathbb{Z}_{4}$.
The Role of the Franciscans in the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Philippines and Japan in the 16th–17th Centuries: Transpacific Geopolitics?
Authors: Vu Thanh Hélène
Published: August 2016

This article proposes to study the role of Franciscan missionaries in the establishment of economic and diplomatic relations between the Spanish Philippines and Japan. More specifically, it argues that the missionaries played an active part in the construction of a trans-pacific commercial and religious network connecting the Spanish Americas with Asia. In so doing, the article aims at correcting the commonplace historiographical assumption that the Franciscan presence in Japan was negligible and of little interest compared to the Jesuits’. Indeed, the diplomatic relations between Japan and the Philippines were set against a general context of Iberian expansion in Asia. The Spanish conquered Manila in 1571 for chiefly commercial reasons. However, the spreading of the faith provided a justification for Spanish territorial ambitions in Asia. In this process, the Franciscans played a prominent role, as they were picked as ambassadors to Japan by the governor of Manila. The Franciscans did not have mere regional ambitions for Japan: they intended the country to become a hub for the whole Pacific region.
Centres de documentation et périodiques de sciences sociales
Authors: Szabo Denis
Published: August 2016

En 1948, M. Raymond Geysen a publié une première étude stales périodiques de sciences sociales qui se trouvaient en Belgique dans les principaux centres de documentation. Nous nous sommes efforcés de mettre son travail à jour : l'avoir des bibliothèques s'est enrichi, de nouvelles revues sont nées, d'autres, dont la publication fut interrompue au cours de la guerre, paraissent de nouveau. En même temps, nous avons élargi les investigations, en incluant des rubriques qui complètent rinformation des personnes s'interes-sant aux sciences sociales et à la sociologie.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique
Authors: De la Vinelle Louis Duquesne
Published: August 2016

Depuis quelques semaines, l'évolution des frets maritimes a apporté un élément nouveau d'appréciation des tendances conjoncturelles. C'est, en effet, la première fois, depuis près de trois ans, que les frets subissent un mouvement de repli franc. II semble qu'on puisse I'interpréter comme 1'indice d'un changement de la tendance conjoncturelle sur ce marché qui est en rapport très étroit avec les besoins des industries de base européennes.
L’Agriculture belge depuis la libération
Authors: van Houtte Albert
Published: August 2016

L’effort considérable de production réalisé par l’agriculture belge, a permis d’assurer des rations alimentaires minima à la population pendant les années d’occupation.

Certes ces rations étaient insuffisantes, mais personne n’ignore que, pendant les cinq années de guerre, au total 850.000 tonnes de panifiables seulement ont pu être importées, alors qu’avant la guerre l’importation de froment, à elle seule, représentait 1.100.000 tonnes par an et que la Belgique était alors tributaire de l’étranger pour 50 % de ses besoins alimentaires.
Recrutement et mobilité sociale des universitaires
Authors: Leplae Claire
Published: August 2016

Les classes sociales supérieures se renouvellent constamment. Il ne faut pas avoir vécu bien longtemps pour remarquer l’ascension de certaines familles, même de certains individus. Pour suivre le déclin social, plus d’attention est nécessaire parce que la mémoire fausse le jugement: le fils garde la considération qu’avait méritée le père. Néanmoins, s’il ne fournit pas un effort personnel, il descendra, plus ou moins rapidement, les degrés de la hiérarchie sociale.

M. P. Sorokin a cherché à fixer les voies de la mobilité ascendante: l’armée en temps de guerre internationale ou civile; l’Eglise dont les dignitaires sont souvent d’humble origine; les écoles qui permettent aux mieux doués d’accéder aux emplois importants; les organisations politiques qui poussent leurs partisans les plus capables; la science, la littérature et l’art qui élèvent les hommes de valeur; la richesse par laquelle les plus habiles accèdent au faîte de la société; la famille par la parenté ou l’union avec une personne d’un milieu supérieur (1).
La Conjoncture économique de la Belgique
Authors: Urbain Yves
Published: August 2016

Ives divers mouvements de la conjoncture économique dont la formation ou l’apparition éventuelle avait été notée dans la chronique précédente se sont précisés ou présentés. La stabilisation du volume des moyens de paiement a été pratiquement atteinte au troisième trimestre de 1946. Le resserrement observé sur le marché de l’argent s’est poursuivi et étendu, en fin d’année, au marché des capitaux. La hausse des prix internationaux a continué, entraînant des augmentations d’ampleur différentes dans les marchés intérieurs. Une stagnation du volume global de l’emploi, suivie d’une lé ère récession a coïncidé, avant l’hiver, avec une augmentation de la production.

La présente chronique, établie sur une description plus précise et plus approfondie du mouvement des marchés met en relief les tendances diverses qui caractérisent la période actuelle de haute prospérité et de transition.