bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Safety Networks
Authors: Iapichino Giuliana , Câmara Daniel , Bonnet Christian , Filali Fethi
Published: October 2013

Disaster can be defined as the onset of an extreme event causing profound damage or loss as perceived by the afflicted people. The networks built in order to detect and handle these events are called Public safety networks (PSNs). These networks have the fundamental role of providing communication and coordination for emergency operations. Many of the problems of the PSN field come from the heterogeneity of systems and agencies involved in the crisis site and from their mobility at the disaster site. The main aim of this book chapter is to provide a broad view of the PSN field, presenting the different emergency management phases, PSNs requirements, technologies and some of the future research directions for this field.
Web-Based Multi-User Distributed and Collaborative Environment Supporting Emergency and Relief Activities
Authors: Habib Maki K.
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents the conceptual development, design requirements and functional descriptions of a team based multi-user, web-based and global telecooperative system as a new multidisciplinary collaborative paradigm. This system uses as a foundation the distributed and collaborative intelligent environment (DCIE) developed by the author. Distance, time, and distribution are the main attributes of the telecooperative system and its applications. The developed system aims to carry out cooperative plans and processes over geographically distributed locations that lead to make well-informed decisions, better utilization of resources, enhance safety and reduce cost. In addition, this article foresees the role of Internet, information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support and enhance emergency management and relief activities in relation to natural and human made disasters, and human assistance activities. As an example of human made disasters, landmine disaster and humanitarian demining needs are introduced, and the core collaborative functional requirements are presented to support the integration of wide range of humanitarian demining activities, cooperation and coordination between all relevant parties at global, regional and local levels.
Volunteered Geographic Information for Disaster Management
Authors: Dransch Doris , Poser Kathrin , Fohringer Joachim , Lucas Christian
Published: October 2013

The amount of information generated and provided by citizens via the World Wide Web is constantly growing. Citizens share information, thoughts, and experiences in blogs and contribute information to web-based content sharing platforms, collaboratively created data bases that are freely usable by everybody. Disaster management as one component of urban planning to decrease a society’s vulnerability can benefit from information provided by citizens. This chapter gives an overview of the application of information provided by citizens in disaster management. It points out the potential of using such information for the various phases of disaster management. Three main challenges, which affect the usefulness of information supplied by citizens, are presented in more detail: data collection, localization and quality assessment. For each of these challenges, various approaches to address them are discussed.
Security of Railway Infrastructures
Authors: Di Febbraro A. , Papa F. , Sacco N.
Published: October 2013

In recent years, some sadly famous terrorist attacks that occurred in different countries have put into evidence that railway transportation systems are not suitably protected, and not capable of tolerating and promptly reacting to them. Moreover, it is clear that such mass transportation systems are particularly attractive for terrorists, due to the potentially far-reaching, often “spectacular” results of attacks. Examples of such kinds of events are the New York (2001), Madrid (2004), and London (2005) terrorist attacks. In addition, by focusing on ground transportation networks, and especially on railway systems, it is also easy to observe that they are particularly difficult to be secured since they are characterized by high accessibility and wide extension, as also noted by Fink (2003). In this sense, the needs of security and of mobility often conflict with each other. In effect, while an open and accessible system provides an efficient transportation of people and goods, this openness also allows malicious entities to exploit the transportation system as a target, weapon, or means to reach another target (Murray-Tuite, 2007). Then, on the contrary, it is clearly evident that security actions taken to limit malicious adversaries from reaching or capturing their targets may degrade the transportation system performances, so they have to be designed with particular attention. This is the reason why worldwide institutions are more and more sensitive to the growing need for security of the so-called Critical Infrastructures (CI), such as railway transportation systems, and are adopting a number of regulatory measures (US Congress, 2007; EU Commission, 2005, 2008, and 2010). For what concerns scientific research, the efforts are intended to define methodologies, build risk mitigation devices, and find out best practices that are technologically advanced, soon achievable, reliable, so as to increase the infrastructure protection without affecting the relevant transportation system performances. In this framework, Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) represents the main methodological approach for assessing security, which is indeed often characterized by a large set of variables dependent on human sensitivity, and requires calibration and adaptive tuning, thus resulting into unfriendly tools for the non-skilled users. Then, in this chapter, to tackle with the problem of clarifying the aims, the characteristics, and the limitations, a general architecture for a possible QRA tool for railway security assessment is presented, with particular attention to the relevant specifications (Di Febbraro et al., 2010).
The Ways of Assessing the Security of Organization Information Systems through SWOT Analysis
Authors: Rehak David , Grasseova Monika
Published: October 2013

The chapter is focused mainly on assessing the factors of the external environment in the area of security of information systems in the organization through SWOT analysis. At first the method is characterized from the viewpoint of its purpose and nature. The emphasis is laid on the principles of SWOT analysis, the possible use of methods and tools, and also the most common problems occurring during the implementation of the analysis. The recommended methodical procedure for the implementation of SWOT analysis is described in another part of the chapter with individual phases and particular activities, which are appropriate to be carried out within these phases. The main part of the chapter is focused on the ways of semi-quantitative assessment of threats to the area of information systems of the organization, while evaluating their risks, and the assessment of opportunities, while evaluating their benefits. Both cases include a detailed description of procedure leading to an objective outcome during the classification of identified threats and opportunities according to the set criteria.
Reaching Citizen 2.0
Authors: Van Leuven Nancy , Newton Danielle , Leuenberger Deniz Zeynep , Esteves Tammy
Published: October 2013

Many forms of public communication are now mediated through technologies that challenge traditional models of civic engagement and the public’s “right to know,” including communication for disaster management. This chapter employs a comparative lens to look at how social media messages are pushed forward by different layers of government to reach their publics during times of calm and crisis. Specifically, the project studies how information is framed for public consumption, how it is made available, and how it is timely and relevant. Research methods include a triangulation approach, including interviews with officials from over 20 city, regional, state, and federal agencies to follow up on content and textual analyses of online content disseminated by over 40 public agencies. This chapter argues that public administrators must be engaged with citizens and prepared to use social media during emergencies as well as for routine news, and offers key goals for government departments to promote an agenda of increased citizen information and engagement.
Using Geospatial Web Services Holistically in Emergency Management
Authors: An Ning , Liu Gang , Kazar Baris
Published: October 2013

To confront the ever-growing volume and complexity of disasters, development should begin on a highly interoperable, loosely coupled, dynamic, geospatially-enabled information platform with comprehensive situational awareness. This chapter argues that geospatial Web services are a crucial building component for the emergency management community to develop this desired information platform because geospatial Web services, along with other non-spatial Web services, can provide interoperability. In addition to discussing how geospatial Web services, especially the ones standardized by the Open Geospatial Consortium, have been used in different phases of emergency management, the chapter contends that a holistic approach with geospatial Web services will create more value for emergency management. It concludes by pointing out some future work that is worth exploring in order to cope with the ever-changing nature of emergency management.
Planning for Hurricane Isaac using Probability Theory in a Linear Programming Model
Authors: Strang Kenneth David
Published: October 2013

The author demonstrated how linear programming (LP) models with embedded probability theory were applied for disaster planning to mitigate the damages of hurricane Isaac. The purpose of the article was to raise awareness of software-based disaster planning methods, and to demonstrate how uncertainty can be quantified as risk estimates to substitute for and then added as constraints in LP models. Several LP approaches and alternatives were reviewed from the literature. Three LP problem-solving techniques were demonstrated: graphing, algebraic systems of linear equations, and using spreadsheet software. Two disaster planning LP models were solved based on the Federal Emergency Management Agency case study of hurricane Isaac in 2012. The case study focused on allocating emergency supplies to strategic Point of Distribution locations. A unique feature of the article was showing how uncertainty could be quantified as risk by calculating the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for airboat trips based on historical data from hurricane Katrina. Several insights of LP model formulation were given to assist others.
Economics and Practical Applications for Applied Trauma Theory
Authors: Bathory David S.
Published: October 2013

The effects of global warming are becoming apparent throughout the world. Europe has begun to experience more severe winters and increased rain (Steffen, 2011). Massive flooding in South Eastern Europe has devastated communities and repeatedly strains the economy of these regions resulting in mass trauma to the residents of multiple countries. Intergenerational effects of trauma (Kaitz, Levy, Ebstein, Faraone, & Mankuta, 2009) have been noted to be an increasing world-wide concern. These traumatic effects are not only psychologically based but result in structural and functional changes within the brain and body (van der Kolk, Roth, Pelcovitz, Sunday, & Spinazzola, 2005; Bathory, 2011; Bathory, 2012a; Bathory, 2012b). This paper explores the application of sustainable energy and rural tourism to assist mass victims of natural disaster flooding. The author provides the cultural precedents for marketing, as well as the psychoneurobiological rationale and application for an intervention to a large non-clinical population.
Risk Management in a Pandemic Crisis at a Global Non Profit Health Care Organization
Authors: Sugaretty Drew
Published: October 2013

This article categorizes the risks experienced and voiced by subject matter experts at a pandemic crises event which unfortunately claimed almost 800 lives before it could be controlled. The project was a case study design using multiple methods. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing 22 front-line multicultural crisis practitioners. The unit of analysis was the constructed meaning of the uncertainty and risk management processes experienced by the participants, while they were attempting to control the global pandemic crisis associated with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak during 2003. Several guiding constructs were researched from the literature review. NVIVO was used to analyze the interview transcripts to build a thematic model of constructed meanings. The result was a best-practice model constructed by the practitioners which they felt improved risk control during a significant global pandemic crisis event considering the lead mitigation agency was a nonprofit health care organization.
Media Management in Disaster Events
Authors: Benecchi Eleonora , De Masi Vincenzo
Published: October 2013

According to a survey by Goo Research (April 2011), the average Japanese person appears to have relied primarily on television news for gathering information in times of disaster, and as unlike a lot of overseas media, the public broadcaster NHK’s news broadcasts were defined as very calm and measured. This chapter focuses on the NHK coverage of the earthquake and nuclear crisis in March 2011 compared with private channels’ and specific websites’ coverage with regard to specific events. The aim is to enlighten the ways and the tools through which Japanese Public Television played a double role: on one side it became a primary source of information for hard news and played a “service” role for the population in need; on the other side and with special regard to the coverage of the nuclear crisis, the duty to inform was balanced by the duty to reassure the public and promote harmony so that NHK privileged government and corporate statements about the Fukushima situation. The authors corroborate their study through an analysis of NHK’s programming and private channels’ changing schedules and advertising during the recent disaster. This chapter provides a concrete example of the potential television role in disaster mitigation, taking into account both the positive and critical aspects.
Intellectual Capital Explains a Country’s Resilience to Financial Crisis
Authors: Lin Carol Yeh-Yun
Published: October 2013

From Resource-Based View (RBV), this chapter introduces intellectual capital as a valuable resource leading to competitive advantage at both organizational and national levels. The chapter elaborates on National Intellectual Capital (NIC) policy implications, using financially-strained countries such as Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain as examples. The co-development of NIC and GDP per capita (ppp) of four southern European countries and four Greater China economies during 2005-2010 are also presented and compared. This NIC development study discloses systematic warning signs starting in 2000 for those countries that were later in deep financial trouble, much earlier than the outburst of 2008 global financial crisis. “Intellectual capital explains a country’s resilience to financial crisis” is observed from the comparison. Consequently, in an era when intangible assets have become a key competitive advantage, investing in national intellectual capital development is investing in future national development and well-being.
An Approach to Governance of CyberSecurity in South Africa
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren Joey , Leenen Louise , Phahlamohlaka Jackie , Zaaiman Jannie
Published: October 2013

A government has the responsibility to provide, regulate and maintain national security, which includes human security for its citizens. Recent declarations from the UK and USA governments about setting up cybersecurity organisations and the appointment of cyber czars reflect a global recognition that the Internet is part of the national critical infrastructure that needs to be safeguarded and protected. Although the South African government approved a draft National Cyber Security Policy Framework in March 2012, the country still needs a national cybersecurity governance structure in order to effectively control and protect its cyber infrastructure. Whilst various structures have been established to deal with cybersecurity in South Africa, they are inadequate and implementation of the policy is still in the very early stages. Structures need to be in place to set the security controls and policies and also to govern their implementation. It is important to have a holistic approach to cybersecurity, with partnerships between business, government and civil society put in place to achieve this goal. This paper investigates different government organisational structures created for the control of national cybersecurity in selected countries of the world. The main contribution is a proposed approach that South Africa could follow in implementing its proposed cybersecurity policy framework, taking into account the challenges of legislation and control of cybersecurity in Africa, and in particular, in South Africa.
US Foreign Policy Challenges of Non-State Actors’ Cyber Terrorism against Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Tereshchenko Natalia
Published: October 2013

What is cyber terrorism? The paper will examine how the fundamentalist interpretation of the Quran may affect the non-state actors’ terrorist approach to the cyber domain, the dangers of an assault and the possible side-effects in politics, international relations and the public domain. The author will approach the issue in political, legal and social terms, touching only slightly on issues such as espionage and inter-state relations. Examples of recent cyber attacks and probable future scenarios will be examined to produce a balanced US-oriented policy paper. Some problems are difficult to tackle and require time, skills and diplomacy, but this should not act as an abandonment of initiatives. Although the threat is not yet acute, it is worthwhile addressing at an early stage and preventing the vast harm that can be caused by cyber terrorism. Legislative and political initiatives should be advocated ensuring better cooperation and collaboration between parties.
Research on the Taxonomy of Activity Recognition Based on Inertial Sensors
Authors: Xiao Zi Ming , Shi Yu Long , Xue Yong , Hu Feng , Wu Yu Chuan
Published: October 2013

This paper introduces some techniques on classifying human activities with inertial sensors and point out a number of characteristics of classification algorithm. The goal of human activity recognition is to automatically analyze ongoing activities from people who wear inertial sensor. Initially, we provide introduce information about the activity recognition, such as the way of acquisition, sensors used and the steps of activity recognition using machine learning algorithm. Next, we focus on the classification techniques together with a detailed taxonomy, and the classification techniques implemented and compared in this study are: Decision Tree Algorithm (DTA), Bayesian Decision Making (BDM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM)[. Finally, we make a summarize about it investigate the directions for future research.
Innovative Design of a New Household Multi-Functional Shoe Cabinet
Authors: Huang Wen Kang , Huang Xing Mei , Yang Hua , Liang Dong Sheng , Zhou Ya Jun
Published: October 2013

A new household multi-functional shoe cabinet was designed and prototyped. This shoe cabinet not only maintained the features of multi-function and intelligent control of the traditional one, but also made an innovation in its shortages. Through geometric space analysis and computation, selected rotary shoe rack for shoe storage for its space utilization rate is 1.6 times larger than the traditional one. A fully automatic shoe-cleaning device was designed and prototyped by using profiling mechanism, electronic timers and cam mechanism. Ozone disinfection and PTC dryer were used in shoes maintenance. The results in the performance test demonstrates that this shoe cabinet can accommodated 18 pairs of shoes in common use and clean and maintain shoes of size 34 ~ 45.
EFD Fluid Simulation of Ball Valve on SolidWorks
Authors: Zhang Jie
Published: October 2013

Based on the way of parametric design with SolidWorks, The 3D model of Whole welding type forged steel ball valve is established, Based on SolidWorks Flow Simulation, the simulation dynamic characteristics of ball valve was analyzed, By studying the ball hole edge radius R, Pointed out the direction for the design, through the simulation calculation of target parameters, analyzing the rationality of the structure of the sphere, to optimize the structure of ball valve, shorten the design cycle, and improve design quality. The simulation results are helpful to design improvement. The result indicates that the method is advanced and feasible. It has better practicability.
A Fixing Device for Temperature Test of Gas Phase in Cigarette
Authors: Liu Li Ya , Li Hui Rong , Dong Jia Xin , Luo Hui Min , Cheng Jiao Yan
Published: October 2013

Temperature test was very important for product development and quality control of cigarette industry. However, gas temperature test inside cigarette was very difficult and time-consuming due to small volume of cigarette and lack of proper fixing device of temperature probe. In present paper, a fixing device for temperature test of cigarette was designed and developed. Thermal couple was well fixed by present device and can be inserted into the cigarette conveniently and quickly. Precision of location and depth of insertion was 0.002mm. Repeatability of parallel experiment was ensured. Test efficiency of temperature field was improved. Automaticity of temperature test was enhanced. With the increasing demand on gas temperature test inside cigarette, present fixing device will have good commercial prospect in market place.
Analysis Tire Tread Patterns Noise Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Chen Xia , Chen Li Jun
Published: October 2013

Pattern noise is mainly one of tire noise types, which is generated by impacting of tires block on the road. Generally, traditional Fourier Transform is used to process noise signals. However, the pattern noise is a kind of non-stationary signal and is related to pitch arrangement of a block, FFT is unsuitable. This paper proposes wavelet transform to analyze tire noise signals at different speeds. The causes of the frequency components of tire noise are interpreted. The results show that using wavelet transform method can effectively and intuitively analyze tire tread noise.
A Design of Continuous and Universal In Situ Remediation Appliance of Soil Combines
Authors: Li Yi Fang , Gong Cheng , Wang Wen Qiang , Li You Fang , Zhou Zi Feng
Published: October 2013

Continuous and universal in-situ remediation appliance of soil combines taking soil, transmission and restoration of soil, which can achieve the in-situ remediation continuously and avoid the drawback of massive labor power and material resources using domestic soil ex-situ remediation device. The appliance supports many kinds of soil remediation technology, realizing the function of universal technology. And as for the area with serious pollution, various technology combinations can be selected to extend its function. The motion of specific remediation device in the appliance utilizes the single-chip controlling technology, controlling the remediation time interval of different technology. The program selection with various remediation technologies can be finished with buttons. Single-chip controlling system responds quickly, runs stably and precisely controls the remediation device.
Design of Photocatalytic Reactor with Photocatalyst Film Loaded on Substrate
Authors: Wei Gui , Chang Hong
Published: October 2013

After analytical studies of the characteristics of various slurry and supported photocatalytic reactors, a photocatalytic reactor with photocatalyst film loaded on substrate is designed in this paper. This reactor is characterized by the easy attachment and convenient installation & replacement of photocatalyst, higher light utilization, and complete photocatalytic reaction.
Study on Design Method of the Double Arc Gear Hobs
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Jia Quan
Published: October 2013

This article find that one of the effecting the double circular arc gear s running performance is the double circular arc gear tooth profile precision, through analysis to the running-in properties of double arc gear. The problems about tooth profile precision of gear hobs caused by the current profiling theory and approximate design method of gear hobs are analyzed. In the design of circular arc gear hob, use the space engagement theory, can eliminating the tooth error. Acquiring the equation of hobs basic of worm tooth surface by analytical and calculation that the establishment of basic gear rack and worm of hob meshing. The hob not only eliminate the tooth profile error in manufacturing, but also improve the running performance of double circular arc gear, and provides the theory evidence for engineering practice.
Design of Photoionization Detector Based on the Miniature Gas Chromatography
Authors: Chai Shou Chen , Yang Peng , Yang Cheng Jia , Cai Chun Li , Yu Na
Published: October 2013

In the space restricted airtight environment that people lives in, detecting harmful gas by miniature gas chromatography is the practical requirement at present, however, PIDs performance is key factor that restrict the application of miniature gas chromatography, the redesign of the detectors gas route in this paper aiming at improve detectors stability observably, and schemed out miniature PID with high sensitivity, low detection limit and fast response. The result of the experiment shows that the detection limit is 0.04ppm, the sensitivity is 101mv/ppm,the stability is 0.04×10-6/24h,meeting the project requirement. Keywords: photoionization detector; ionization chamber; sensitivity; detection limit;
Multi-Robot Q-Learning over Community Perception Network with Homogeneous Delays
Authors: Jin Lu , Yang Yue Quan , Ni Chun Bo , Cao Zhi Qiang , Kong Yi Fei
Published: October 2013

With the more robots, the information interaction of multi-robot system becomes more sophisticated and important in a community perception network environment. By exploiting and fusing the learning information of robots in a perception community, the community information sharing mechanism is proposed, as well as updating rules of the community Q-value table. Moreover, considering the existence of delays of learning information transmission, an improved Q-learning method based on homogeneous delays is presented to improve the robot learning efficiency over the community perception network. Finally, the test experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Comparison of Some Existing Model for Throttling Area of Cone Valve
Authors: Yuan Xian Ju , Guo Kong Hui
Published: October 2013

Throttling area not only determines flow rate but also influences behavior of a valve. And, the throttling area ( also called smallest area ) is a very important factor required to design carefully. Unfortunately, the throttling area is always difficult to determine because of relatively complex structure, and the pure study for throttling area is published barely although there are also some existing formulas. For getting more suitable models that are not sensitive to the displacement of spool and cone angle, this paper carries out comparison for different principles, and finally finds that the projective area based on annular area is the best one for the cone valve. During this process, this paper shows a set of mathematic models, simulation and test results, which ensures a successful design for a valve mentioned in the paper and brings a universal model for throttling area of cone valve.
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for the Research of Water Level Measurement
Authors: Hu Jie , Zhu Qiu Ping , Zhao Min Li , Leng Zhuo Yan , Cai Ting , Wang Kun , Liu Jia Yu
Published: October 2013

In hydraulic engineering, hydrology and water conservancy departments focus on the water level measurements of reservoir. Water level sensor is very important to water level measurements of reservoir. This paper designs a water level sensor which is combined with elastomeric membrane and fiber grating, to eliminate the impact of temperature on the sensor through the use of self-compensating fiber grating and structural technology. The measurement of the water level sensor in the range of 0-5m tests the characteristics of the sensor and concludes the experimental curves of wavelength drift caused by water level after temperature compensation. Experimental results show that the performance of the sensor is good, that the accuracy is 0.5%, and that the resolution is 1cm and linearity is 0.999. Keywords: water level monitoring, fiber grating, sensing measurements
Consensus Control for Variable Multi-Agent Systems with Faults and Disturbances
Authors: Zheng Zhi Qiang , Weng Zhi
Published: October 2013

This paper investigates multi-agent consensus problem with an active leader as well as external disturbances and some faults. The undirected networks with variable interconnection topology are taken into consideration. Distributed consensus control algorithm is proposed to analyze the disturbance rejection and fault sensitivity problem arising in the coordination control of multi-agent networks. With a proposed control scheme, we then present sufficient conditions under which all agents can reach consensus with the desired performance index. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Design of Temperature Control System Based on DSP and Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Chen Ya Juan , Zhang Yue Hong , Ying Gen Wang
Published: October 2013

Using fuzzy neural network to tune PID parameters, and DSP as processor, it was designed that a set of electric boiler temperature control system based on PID parameters self-tuning, including the design of each hardware module and each software subroutine of the system. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional PID temperature control system, this temperature control system has the advantages such as good control effect, easy parameter adjustment, strong anti-jamming capability, better adaptability and robustness, has the feasibility and practical value.
Motor Front Axle Temperature Forecasting Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and BP Neural Network
Authors: Huang Meng Tao , Gao Xing Mei
Published: October 2013

Predicting the temperatures of drive motors of important equipment can help to detect motor failure timely, avoiding the losses caused by the motor faults. Against the nonlinear characteristics of the equipment temperature changes, according to phase space reconstruction principle of chaos theory, the motor front axle temperature series were analyzed and the chaotic nature of the motor front axle temperature series is verified. In order to predict the trend of the motor axle temperature more accurately, the prediction based on BP neural network is conducted, and the embedding dimension of phase space reconstruction is chosen to be the number of input nodes. Simulation shows that this method has higher prediction accuracy and can be used to predict the motor axle temperature.
The Analysis and Design of a New Type Wedge Surfaces of Sprag Overrunning Clutch
Authors: Zhang Feng , Gao Zhi Fu , Lu Wu Hui
Published: October 2013

Sprag overrunning clutch is one of key components in the drive system. Its a meaningful work to design and manufacture high performance sprag clutch to meet the practical working situation. In order to design reliable and durable clutch with good dynamic characteristics, this paper put forward a new type wedge surfaces which is a combination of involute and eccentric arc. On the basis of analysis of a clutch structure, work principles and failure modes, the sprag ,key element of the clutch, was demonstrated the feasibility of involute in the use of wedge surface design by analyzing the characteristics of involute, and the main sprag parameters were designed and analysized. The design of the new wedge surface, increasing the strut angle and effective cam rise, increased carrying capacity, reducing the contact stress, and extending service life, which laid the foundation for the sprag overrunning clutch design improvements.
Study on PID Parameters Tuning Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Zhou Yu Ting , Nie Jian Bin , Han Ning , Chen Chen , Yue Zi Feng
Published: October 2013

To address the PID parameter tuning problem, inspired by the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, a tuning method of PID parameters based on particle swarm algorithm is proposed. To find an optimal set of PID control parameters in the target space, three parameters of the PID are as particles based on the fitness function. By designing optimization programs, air-conditioning temperature control system experiments were carried out as an example. The results show that the optimization can improve the dynamic control performance of the system.
Study on Detection of Grounding Capacitive Current in Resonance Grounding System
Authors: Yu Meng , Lian Huan , Pan Pei Ming
Published: October 2013

Nowadays, an increasing number of grid is adopting resonant grounding method. Only accurately detecting the capacitive current, could we play the advantages of resonant grounding. The most popular method in the field is the tuning method, which includes two-point method and three-point method. This paper analyzes the principle of two-point method and identifies a major problem in the application of two-point method. A stall of two-point method stays in the state of overcompensation while another stall stays in the state of under compensation, which has not been taken into account. Finally, the paper verifies the effect of proposed improvements using MATLAB simulation.
The Analysis of Abnormal Phenomena of GEO Satellites Solar Array
Authors: Zhang Jiao Yan , Wang Jun Yan , He Wei , Bu Hong Lan , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2013

Satellites solar array provides sustainable and reliable energy for satellite by changing the solar energy into electrical energy in order to ensure the normal working of the satellite. The working status of solar array is directly related to the satellites normal running in orbit. The thesis summarized the normal trend of the GEO satellites solar array output power, through comparing the real output power of a certain satellites solar array with the normal trend, and detected four abnormal phenomena of solar array output power. Then the thesis analyzed the reasons, and made related suggestions.
Disassembly of Products Based on Hybrid Model Plan
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hong , Hu Jun , Zhang Rong , Peng Xiao Ling
Published: October 2013

The hybrid model of products disassembly is built, and a method of generating disassembly sequence is given. The disassembly sequence optimization model based on Genetic Algorithms is built based on the hybrid graph, and gained an optimal disassembly sequence.
Study of Simulation Test Generation Method Based on Improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lian Guang Yao , Yan Peng Cheng , Sun Jiang Sheng , Huang Kao Li
Published: October 2013

To solve the backdating problem of traditional test generation methods, it puts forward a new test generation method based on improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm in the paper. It estates the fitness function of test vector and faults in the circuits, and the optimal solution is the maximal value of the function. The experimentations prove that the method can reduce the compute quantity of test generation.
Coordinate Signal Control in Urban Traffic of Two-Direction Green Wave Based on Genetic BP Neural Network
Authors: Lv Shao Jiao , Li Chun Gui , Li Zhe Ming , Zang Qing Kai
Published: October 2013

To maximize the bandwidth of green wave of trunk road is a main issue in the research of signal control in urban traffic. However, the traditional analytical algorithmcan not be applied in actual traffic widely. A novel dynamic two-direction green wave coordinate control strategy was proposed to overcome the problem. By combining the genetic BP neural network with the traditional analytical algorithm, the urban traffic of two-direction was controlled coordinately online. Finally, an actual example was presented. It shows that not only the green wave bandwidth, the phase difference of each intersection and the critical cycle of trunk road were optimized according to real-time traffic flow, but also our algorithm can be used in different traffic condition by adjusting the parameters of the model.
Servo Control System of NC Modifying Forming Grinding Wheel Based on Cross Coupling Theory
Authors: Lu Hong , Xie Shi Tong , Wang You
Published: October 2013

This paper studies the synchronous control strategy which can meet certain dynamic performance and the closed loop robustness to external disturbance in servo system. This servo system has two same PMSMs which are used in a new CNC molding machine for forming grinding wheel. To achieve high-precision of the machine, we designed the hardware construction of the servo system. At the same time, this paper proposes a synchronization control scheme based on cross coupling control algorithms. The performance of the cross-coupled system is theoretically analyzed and simulated. It was proved that this synchronization control scheme has quick response, robustness and small dynamic process synchronization error, which could meet requirements of the high-precision synchronization control.
Modeling and Performance Analysis on a Test Platform for Transmission
Authors: Lu Hong , Elsir Talal , Wang Gang
Published: October 2013

A transmission test platform for performance analysis was designed based on 3-D modeling and simulation technology which were used to provide a theoretical comparison basis for the following experiments. Design of key part of the transmission system, such as couplings which were customized. Modeling of test platform was built to study the mechanical structure in theory. Static structure and modal analyses were carried out to evaluate the performance of planetary and worm gearing. Compare analysis results between planetary gear and worm gear reducer which include backlash and vibration phenomenon. At last, we make a conclusion that the planetary gear has less vibration and noise than the worm gear in this type of reducer in theory, and we will give some reasonable explanation.
Low Level Jet Wind Shear in the Sahel
Authors: Madougou Saïdou , Saïd Frederique , Campistron Bernard , Cheikh Fadel Kebe
Published: October 2013

In the Sahel, a vertical wind shear appears in the dry and in the wet seasons. In Niamey, Niger, during the dry season, the period of strong shears is clearly linked to the Nocturnal Low Level Jet (LLJ) since it occurs in a narrow time period around 06H00 UTC at 60% of the cases reach shears which require an alert to the pilots (higher than 4 ms-1 per 100 m). The majority of cases occur during the night with a wind shear direction between 90 and 150° per 100 m, which is shown that it is dangerous for aircraft. In Bamako, Mali, high wind shears represent (higher than 4 ms-1 per 100 m) only 16-22% of the cases and can occur at any time of the day. There are, however, 8% of the cases, the whole day long, when the wind shear can reach more than 6 ms-1 per 100 m. Most of the wind shear directions are also between 0 and 90° per 100 m during the night. This is why the Agency for the safety of aircraft navigation in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA) has put in 2004 at Bamako airport an UHF wind profiler radar for monitoring nocturnal strong Low Level Jet wind shear which occur regularly in this airport.
Cubic TP B-Spline Curves with a Shape Parameter
Authors: Dube Mridula , Sharma Reenu
Published: October 2013

In this paper a new kind of splines, called cubic trigonometric polynomial B-spline (cubic TP B-spline) curves with a shape parameter, are constructed over the space spanned by As each piece of the curve is generated by three consecutive control points, they posses many properties of the quadratic B-spline curves. These trigonometric curves with a non-uniform knot vector are C1 and G2 continuous. They are C2 continuous when choosing special shape parameter for non-uniform knot vector. These curves are closer to the control polygon than the quadratic B-spline curves when choosing special shape parameters. With the increase of the shape parameter, the trigonometric spline curves approximate to the control polygon. The given curves posses many properties of the quadratic B-spline curves. The generation of tensor product surfaces by these new splines is straightforward.
Use of Schmidt Hardness Values in Rock Strength Prediction
Authors: Eze E.O. , Osuji S.O.
Published: October 2013

Two coarse-grained granitic rocks - charnockite and biotite granite were studied with the aim of estimating their unconfined compressive strength from simpler non-destructive test values. The simpler tests were the ultrasonic pulse velocity, the Schmidt hammer rebound, and the specific gravity. Another test carried out was the moisture absorption. The rocks had compressive strength in the range 115-250 MPa, Schmidt hammer rebound number or index of 35-55, and pulse velocity of 3.4-5.5 km/s. The correlation coefficients between the uniaxial compressive strength and the rebound number were 0.86 and 0.81 for the biotite granite and the charnockite, respectively. Products of the rebound index and the pulse velocity and the specific gravity improved the correlation coefficients to 0.94 and 0.91 respectively. The high correlation factors implied that the compressive strength can be estimated using the simpler tests parameters. These simpler parameters also relate indirectly to geomechanical properties of the rocks such as drillability, boreability and machine tool wear. The moisture absorption alone and its combination with the rebound number correlated inversely and poorly with the compressive strength. The correlation coefficient ranged between 0.45 to 0.67. The moisture absorption therefore proved to be a poor predictor of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks.
In Situ Characterization of the Mechanical Behavior of Gecko’s Spatulae by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Liu Shuang Yi , Tang Min Min , Soh Ai Kah , Hong Liang
Published: October 2013

In-situ characterization of the mechanical behavior of geckos spatula has been carried out in detail using multi-mode AFM system. Combining successful application of a novel AFM mode, i.e. Harmonix microscopy, the more detail elastic properties of spatula is brought to light. The results obtained show the variation of the mechanical properties on the hierarchical level of a seta, even for the different locations, pad and stalk of the spatula. A model, which has been validated using the existing experimental data and phenomena as well as theoretical predictions for geckos adhesion, crawling and self-cleaning of spatulae, is proposed in this paper. Through contrast of adhesive and craw ability of the gecko on the surfaces with different surface roughness, and measurement of the surface adhesive behaviors of Teflon, the most effective adhesion of the gecko is more dependent on the intrinsic properties of the surface which is adhered.
A Research on Ultra Precision Machining for Ti-6AL-4V Alloy Based Biomedical Applications Using Nanopositioning Mechanism
Authors: Kwak Nam Su , Kim Jae Yeol , Park Dae Gwang
Published: October 2013

In this study, piezoelectric actuator, flexure guide, power transmission element and control method are considered for nanopositioning system apparatus. The main objectives of this thesis were to develop 2-axis nanostage which enables 2-axis control with the aid of piezoelectric actuator, and to improve the precision of the ultra-precision lathe (UP2) which is responsible for the ductile mode machining of the hardened-brittle material where the machining uses a the single-crystal diamond. Through simulation and experiments on ultra-precision positioning, stability and priority of the nanopositioning system with 2-axis nanostage and control algorithm are developed using Matlab/Simulink. Then the system, is applied to analyze surface morphology of the titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Tellurium Dioxide Nanoparticles Sols
Authors: Zhong Cai Ling , Qin Bi Yin , Xie Xin Yuan , Bai Yan
Published: October 2013

In this study, the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect of tellurium dioxide nanoparticles (TeO2NPs) sols were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and agar diffusion bioassay method, respectively. The results of ORAC demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of TeO2NPs sols was in a dose-dependent manner and TeO2NPs-gallic acid sol showed stronger antioxidant activity than TeO2NPs-acetic acid sol due to the synergistic antioxidant effect of gallic acid and TeO2NPs. On the other hand, the results of agar diffusion bioassay method demonstrated that the antimicrobial effect of TeO2NPs-acetic acid sol was stronger than that of TeO2NPs-gallic acid sol and the two kinds of TeO2NPs sols could evidently inhibit the growth of some gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria which lack nitrate reductase. The antimicrobial mechanism of the TeO2NPs sols might be similar to that of tellurite.
A Comparative Study of High Speed Orthogonal Turning of AISI4340 by Three Different Finite Element Models
Authors: Wang Tao , Xie Li Jing , Wang Xi Bin
Published: October 2013

The aim of this paper is to compare the predicting ability of the orthogonal cutting models developed by three commonly used finite element softwares, namely commercial explicit dynamic code Abaqus/explicit, Thirdwave AdvantEdge and implicit finite element codes Deform 2D. In all proposed models, the chip formation was simulated through adaptive remeshing and plastic flow of work material around the round edge of the cutting tool. Therefore, there was no need for a chip separation criterion which made the physical process simulation more realistically. Predicted cutting, feed force and shear angle were compared with experimental results. In addition, the effect of friction coefficient on the chip morphology was investigated as well.
Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Six Workpiece Materials Based on Thermodynamics
Authors: Shao Fang , Wang Yu Ting , Zou Li Jing , Yan Xue , Wu Yan Ying
Published: October 2013

Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C ? when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature; the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpiece materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.