bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of soil erosion vulnerability in the heavily populated and ecologically fragile communities in Motozintla de Mendoza, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: González-Morales Selene B. , Mayer Alex , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Variability in physical rates and local knowledge of soil erosion was assessed across six rural communities in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Chiapas, Mexico. The average erosion rate estimated using the RUSLE model is 274 t ha−1 yr−1, with the estimated erosion rates ranging from 28 to 717 t ha−1 yr−1. These very high erosion rates are associated with high rainfall erosivity (17 000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1) and steep slopes (mean slope  =  67 %). Many of the highest soil erosion rates are found in communities that are dominated by forestland, but where most of the tree cover has been removed. Conversely, lower erosion rates are often found where corn is cultivated for most of the year. According to the results of the soil erosion KAP (knowledge, attitude and practices) survey, awareness of the concept of soil erosion was reasonably high in all of the communities, but awareness of the causes of erosion was considerably lower. More than half of respondents believed that reforestation is a viable option for reducing soil erosion, but only a third of respondents were currently implementing reforestation practices. Another third of the respondents indicated that they were not following any soil conservation practices. Respondents indicated that adoption of government reforestation efforts have been hindered by the need to clear their land to sell forest products or cultivate corn. Respondents also mentioned the difficulties involved with obtaining favorable tree stocks for reforestation. The KAP results were used to assess the overall level of motivation to solve soil erosion problems by compiling negative responses. The relationship between the magnitude of the soil erosion problem and the capacity to reduce soil erosion is inconsistent across the communities. One community, Barrio Vicente Guerrero, had the highest average negative response rate and the second highest soil erosion rate, indicating that this community is particularly vulnerable.
The influence of layering and barometric pumping on firn air transport in a 2-D model
Authors: Birner Benjamin , Buizert Christo , Wagner Till J. W. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ancient air trapped in ice core bubbles has been paramount to developing our understanding of past climate and atmospheric composition. Before air bubbles become isolated in ice, the atmospheric signal is altered in the firn column by transport processes such as advection and diffusion. However, the influence of low-permeability layers and barometric pumping (driven by surface pressure variability) on firn air transport is not well understood and is not readily captured in conventional one-dimensional (1-D) firn air models. Here we present a two-dimensional (2-D) trace gas advection–diffusion–dispersion model that accounts for discontinuous horizontal layers of reduced permeability. We find that layering or barometric pumping individually yields too small a reduction in gravitational settling to match observations. In contrast, when both effects are active, the model's gravitational fractionation is suppressed as observed. Layering focuses airflows in certain regions in the 2-D model, which acts to amplify the dispersive mixing resulting from barometric pumping. Hence, the representation of both factors is needed to obtain a realistic emergence of the lock-in zone. In contrast to expectations, we find that the addition of barometric pumping in the layered 2-D model does not substantially change the differential kinetic fractionation of fast- and slow-diffusing trace gases. Like 1-D models, the 2-D model substantially underestimates the amount of differential kinetic fractionation seen in actual observations, suggesting that further subgrid-scale processes may be missing in the current generation of firn air transport models. However, we find robust scaling relationships between kinetic isotope fractionation of different noble gas isotope and elemental ratios. These relationships may be used to correct for kinetic fractionation in future high-precision ice core studies and can amount to a bias of up to 0.45 °C in noble-gas-based mean ocean temperature reconstructions at WAIS Divide, Antarctica.
Evaluation of the CloudSat surface snowfall product over
Antarctica using ground-based precipitation radars
Authors: Souverijns Niels , Gossart Alexandra , Lhermitte Stef , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , Grazioli Jacopo , Berne Alexis , Duran-Alarcon Claudio , Boudevillain Brice , Genthon Christophe , Scarchilli Claudio , van Lipzig Nicole P. M.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In-situ observations of snowfall over the Antarctic Ice Sheet are scarce. Currently, continent-wide assessments of snowfall are limited to information from the Cloud Profiling Radar on board of CloudSat, which has not been evaluated up to now. In this study, snowfall derived from CloudSat is evaluated using three ground-based vertically profiling 24-GHz precipitation radars (Micro Rain Radars; MRRs). Firstly, using the MRRs long-term measurement records, an assessment of the uncertainty caused by the low temporal sampling rate of CloudSat (one revisit per 2.1 to 4.5 days) is performed. The 10–90th percentile temporal sampling uncertainty on the snowfall climatology varies between 30–40 % depending on the latitudinal location and revisit time of CloudSat. Secondly, an evaluation of the snowfall climatology indicates that the CloudSat product, derived at a resolution of 1° latitude by 2° longitude, is able to accurately represent the snowfall climatology at the three MRR sites (biases
Representation of basal melting at the grounding line in ice flow
models
Authors: Seroussi Hélène , Morlighem Mathieu
Published: June 2018

Abstract. While a lot of attention has been given to the numerical implementation of grounding lines and basal friction in the grounding zone, little has been done about the impact of the numerical treatment of ocean-induced basal melting in this region. Several strategies are currently being employed in the ice sheet modeling community, and the resulting grounding line dynamics may differ strongly, which ultimately add significant uncertainty to the projected contribution of marine ice sheets to sea level rise. We investigate here several implementations of basal melt parameterization on partially floating elements in a finite element framework, based on the Marine Ice Sheet-Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (MISOMIP) setup: (1) melt applied only to entirely floating elements, (2) melt applied over the entire elements that are crossed by the grounding line, and (3) melt integrated partially over the floating portion of a finite element using two different sub-element integration methods. All methods converge towards the same state when the mesh resolution is fine enough. However, (2) and (3) will systematically overestimate the rate of grounding line retreat in coarser resolutions, while (1) converges faster to the solution in most cases. The differences between sub-element parameterizations are exacerbated for experiments with large melting rates in the vicinity of the grounding line and for a Weertman sliding law. As most real-world simulations use horizontal mesh resolutions of several hundreds of meters at best, and large melt rates are generally present close to the grounding lines, we recommend using (1) to avoid overestimating the rate of grounding line retreat.
Inferring the destabilization susceptibility of mountain permafrost
in the French Alps using an inventory of destabilized rock glaciers
Authors: Marcer Marco , Serrano Charlie , Brenning Alexander , Bodin Xavier , Goetz Jason , Schoeneich Philippe
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Knowing the extent of degrading permafrost is a key issue in the context of emerging risks linked to climate change. In the present study we propose a methodology to estimate the spatial distribution of this phenomenon, focusing on the French Alps. At first, using recent orthoimages (2000 to 2013) covering the study region, we mapped the geomorphological features that can be typically found in cases of rock glacier destabilization (e.g. crevasses and scarps). This database was then used as support tool to rate rock glaciers destabilization. The destabilization rating was assigned also taking into account the surface deformation patterns of the rock glacier, observable by comparing the orthoimages. The destabilization rating served as database to model the occurrence of destabilization in relation to terrain attributes and to predict the susceptibility to destabilization at the regional scale. Potential destabilization could be observed in 58 rock glaciers, i.e. 12  of the total active rock glaciers in the region. Potentially destabilized rock glaciers were found to be more prone to strong acceleration than stable rock glaciers within the period 2000–2013. Modelling the occurrence of destabilization suggested that this phenomenon is more likely to occur in elevations around the 0 °C isotherm (2700–2900 m.s.l.), on north-exposed, steep (up to 30°) and flat to slightly convex topographies. Model performances were good (AUROC: 0.76) and the susceptibility map reproduced well the observable patterns. About 3 km2 of creeping permafrost, i.e. 10 % of the surface occupied by active rock glaciers, had a high susceptibility to destabilization. Only half of this surface is currently showing destabilization evidence, suggesting that a significant amount of rock glaciers are candidates for future destabilization.
Reducing the number of load cases for fatigue damage assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures by a simple severity-based sampling method
Authors: Stieng Lars Einar S. , Muskulus Michael
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The large amount of computational effort required for a full fatigue assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures under operational conditions can make these analyses prohibitive. Especially for applications like design optimization, where the analysis would have to be repeated for each iteration of the process. To combat this issue, we present a simple procedure for reducing the number of load cases required for an accurate fatigue assessment. After training on one full fatigue analysis of a base design, the method can be applied to establish a deterministic, reduced sampling set to be used for a family of related designs. The method is based on sorting the load cases by their severity, measured as the product of fatigue damage and probability of occurrence, and then calculating the relative error resulting from using only the most severe load cases to estimate the total fatigue damage. By assuming this error to be approximately constant, one can then estimate the fatigue damage of other designs using just these load cases. The method yields a maximum error of about 6 % when using around 30 load cases (out of 3647) and, for most cases, errors of less than 1–2 % can be expected for sample sizes in the range 15–60. One of the main points in favor of the method is its simplicity when compared to more advanced sampling-based approaches. The method as is can be used without further modifications and is especially useful for design optimization and preliminary design. We end the paper by noting a few possibilities for future work that extend or improve upon the method.
The Social Capital-Control Nexus: Lessons From Implementation of Accounting Control Systems in Two Chinese Organizations
Authors: Pan Gary
Published: June 2018

One common theme of Accounting Control System project failure centers on inadequate or inappropriate enactment of effective controls during project implementation. As Accounting Control Systems projects are viewed by many as a social process involving managing relationships among multiple stakeholders with diverse backgrounds and capabilities, there is a growing number of IS researchers that have utilized the social capital theory to examine the enactment of clan control during system implementation. Despite the growing interests, relatively little is known about the relationships between social capital and the formal as well as informal controls. Also, the moderating impact of social capital attributes interaction on social capital-control relationship also remains unknown. Employing concepts from control and social capital theories, this paper contributes to Accounting Control Systems implementation research by uncovering two types of social capital-control relationship with supporting case evidence – supplementary and synergistic. We also identified moderating effects on the social capital attributes interaction on the relationship with behavioral as well as clan controls. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Corporate Payout Policy and CEO Compensation Structure
Authors: Pan Lee-Hsien , Barkley Thomas , Huang Shaio-Yan
Published: June 2018

This paper examines how corporate payout policy is affected by CEO compensation structure using data from more than 1,600 firms during 1992-2006. Specifically, it studies the effects of CEO compensation structure, firm characteristics, and dividend payout policies on dividend type and relative dividend size.It finds CEO salary is positively associated with cash dividends, share repurchases, and relative dividend size whereas CEO salary (compared to bonus) as a percentage of total compensation has negative effects on cash dividends and share repurchases. It also discovers CEO stock awards as a percentage of total compensation are positively associated with share repurchases and CEO option awards are negatively related to cash dividends.In addition, this paper shows larger firms and firms with more free cash flow distribute more cash dividends and share repurchases. On the other hand, firms with higher leverage ratio and more investment opportunities prefer to save earnings for future re-investment projects. Finally, it show dividend payout policy (either cash dividends or share repurchases) increases relative dividend size. The results of this study suggest that CEO compensation components affect CEOs’ dividend payout decisions: when CEOs’ stock award increases, they prefer to use share repurchases; when CEOs’ option award increases, they prefer not to use cash dividends.
Policy Implementation and Determinant of Access to Education for Disable Learners in Siaya and Kisumu Counties- Kenya: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Owuor Fredrick Ochieng
Published: June 2018

Access to education denotes approaches which policies and institutions offering education ensures student have equal chances to acquire knowledge and skills to the maximum without compromising one’s status socially, economically or physically. Well thought policy implementation strategies can assist this, as such the study borrowed heavily from policy implementation theories. Also, the study was based on interpretative epistemic paradigm and focused on policy context and its influence on access to education by engaging experiences of principals, teachers, parents, education officers and learners living with disability in Kenya, The following objectives directed the research; to explore policy context of students living with disability; to analyze factors influencing policy implementation for access to education among student living with disability; and to recommend strategies for improving access to education for learners living with disability. Data was collected in 3 schools within 2 countries. 3 Principals, 2 parents, 2 education officers, 3 disable learners and 18 teachers formed 3 different focus groups with 6 teachers per school that were selected through convenience and purposive sampling technique. The study adopted individual as the unit of analysis, It applied context analysis, daily dairy recording, semi structured interview, and focus group interviews to collect the data. The findings from data analysis shows decision making, awareness, cultural beliefs, Curriculum, Environmental Physical Infrastructural facilities, Teachers Role, Stakeholders/ Government Levels of Authority and Parental support as major factors influencing policy implementation for learners living with disability. The study came up with following policy recommendations.; policy on strategy for decision making in a special school be setup, and policy on research on disability befitting curriculum, facilities, and environmental infrastructural need to be considered among others.
The Legal Framework Limitations for the Effective Intergovernmental Relations in Tanzania
Authors: Pazi Rukia Mohamed
Published: June 2018

Legal framework is very critical for the effective intergovernmental relations in Tanzania. It is through the legal framework where the spheres of the government derive their legitimacy and the manner of interaction. The study finds essential to have a glimpse on legal framework that provides for the existence of Intergovernmental relations in Tanzania. The intention is to have an assessment to see whether the legal framework in place provide a favorable environment for the central government and the local government authorities to work effectively. The study found out that the legal frame is ineffective to enhance central and local relations as it impinges the functionality of local government authorities. The study recommends that policy makers should consider enacting legal framework that clearly spell out the duties and demarcates the rights and responsibility of each party.
On Life and Value within Objectivist Ethics
Authors: Touchstone Kathleen
Published: June 2018

This article considers the meanings of “life” within Objectivist ethics. It distinguishes between life lived moment to moment (a flow concept) and life-as-a-whole (a stock concept). It examines life's finality as related to life being the ultimate value. It questions whether one “lives to consume” or “consumes to live” from a desert island perspective. It discusses what one's whole life entails within the context of decision making. It looks at decisions between competing values. Finally, it discusses the distinction between ethical and ethically neutral actions and suggests ways in which inquiries regarding these may be approached.
Egoism and Others
Authors: Jetton Merlin
Published: June 2018

Ayn Rand was a strong and influential advocate of self-interest, of ethical egoism. What does her version of egoism mean in practical terms pertaining to interactions with other people generally other than not violating their rights and not committing fraud? This article explores that question with special attention to trust and cooperation. Ayn Rand said little about trust and cooperation in her ethics, but these are important aspects of living a productive life.
Not Enough Primary Categories in Peikoff's DIM? Salutary Eclecticism and an ACID Test
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: June 2018

The author reprises his review of The DIM Hypothesis by arguing for an expansion and revision of Leonard Peikoff's model to include not three, but four primary positions regarding integration (aka “DIM modes”): Integration, Disintegration, Abstract Misintegration, and Concrete Misintegration—and to include not just two mixtures of those primary positions, but twelve. He offers it as a work in progress and a remedy to the over-restrictiveness and resulting misrepresentations of various philosophers by Peikoff's version of the model.
An assessment of quality of the surgical curriculum in Pomeranian Medical University in years 2015-2017
Authors: Zyluk Andrzej , Szlosser Zbigniew , Puchalski Piotr , Walaszek Ireneusz
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was assessment of quality of the surgical curriculum in Pomeranian Medical University in years 2015-2017. Material and methods. A questionnaire-survey has been conducted in a group of 100 of Polish students from the Medical Faculty just before the final test-exam in subject surgery. Main topics of the questionnaire items concerned students’ opinion on the expected usefulness of acquired surgical knowledge for future medical practice, acquired manual skills, range of knowledge learned in particular academic years and on understanding the term “skill/competency-oriented teaching” surgery. Results. Knowledge from general and oncologic surgery was scored by students the highest as potentially most useful for future medical practice. Learning manual skills (mostly put stiches on a pig trotter) was considered the most valuable portion of surgical curriculum. Acquiring of manual skills was also believed as the closest of meaning the term “skill/competency-oriented teaching” surgery. Sixth (last) year of studying was considered the most effective in acquiring surgical knowledge. Most responders considered time assigned for teaching surgery in the university curriculum adequate, but not optimally employed. A critical discussion of the results was done in a light of the results of earlier studies and the literature. Conclusions. Outcomes of this study showed the students’ expectations in teaching surgery in the medical university curriculum and what was a grade of its performance. Awareness of this may have effect on modification of the curriculum and methods of undergraduate teaching surgery.
Dynamic displacement analysis of reinforced concrete deep beams made of high strength concrete.
Part II: Dynamic displacement analysis of reinforced concrete deep beams made of high strength C200 grade concrete
Authors: Cichorski Waldemar
Published: June 2018

The dynamic load displacements were analysed of rectangular concrete deep beams made of very high strength concrete, grade C200, including an evaluation of the physical non-linearity of the construction materials: concrete and reinforcing steel. The analysis was conducted using the method presented in [1]. The numerical calculation results are presented with particular reference to the displacement state of rectangular concrete deep beams. A comparative analysis was conducted on the effect of the high-strength concrete and the steel of increased strength on a class C200 concrete deep beam versus the results produced in [10] for a class C100 concrete deep beam.
Keywords: mechanics of structures, reinforced concrete structures, deep beams, dynamic load, physical non-linearity
Determination of the temperature dependence of the helical pitch in 1.m.7(HH) liquid crystalline compounds
Authors: Zieja Paulina , Tykarska Marzena , Strójwąs Katarzyna
Published: June 2018

Homologous series 1.m.7(HH) of liquid crystalline compounds, varying in the chiral chain length m (m=4-9), were studied. These compounds are characterized by a long helical pitch in an antiferroelectric phase, which is higher than the measuring range of the available instruments. The temperature dependence of the helical pitch of these compounds was determined by the extrapolation of the results obtained for the mixtures of 1.m.7(HH) compounds with 1.4.7(HF) compound of a known helical pitch value. The helical pitch measurements were made by spectrophotometry and phase transition temperatures were measured by polarizing thermomicroscopy. Extrapolation of the results let established that the investigated liquid crystals are characterized by the helical pitch increasing and then decreasing upon heating, which is accompanied by the helical twist sense inversion from the right-handed structure to the left-handed one.
Keywords: liquid crystals, antiferroelectric phase, helical pitch, miscibility study
A general theoretical formulation of deformation of steel structures exposed to fire
Authors: Badowski Andrzej , Dornowski Wojciech
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a proposal for the formulation of a mathematical model of a fire resistance testing process for steel beams subject to bending, carried out experimentally in a test furnace. The model for the formulation was created with a balance method by describing with the fundamental laws of thermomechanics the phenomena occurring during the experiment analysed for the formulation. The viscoplastic behave our of steel at high temperatures was described with constitutive relationships proposed by Perzyna (which form the so-called “overload model”). The general mathematical model of the experiment analysed, obtained in the form of a system of differential equations, is discussed. The authors considered the impact of known physical properties of the test material and the impact of the results of the observations made during the research on the behaviour of individual terms of the model’s equations. Based on these considerations, simplifications were proposed which optimized the mathematical description and facilitated its adaptation to a special case. As a result of the investigation, a system of equation was obtained which described the processes present during the fire resistance test. It is postulated here to accept the system of equations as the mathematical model.
Keywords: thermomechanical analysis, fire resistance test, viscoplastic constitutive laws, Perzyna model
Defence against weapons of mass destruction. Technical and functional solutions in personal protection for Territorial Defence Forces
Authors: Harmata Władysław , Witczak Marek
Published: June 2018

The paper characterises methods of defence for use against weapons of mass destruction, as a form of troop protection system in the event of a contamination (infection) hazard from both the functional and the task-oriented perspective. The basic equipment of troops are described, taking into account the classification of equipment and the means used for: identification of the contamination, protection from the contamination, and the elimination of the contamination in terms of personal protection.
Keywords: protection against weapons of mass destruction, equipment, personal protection of soldiers
Detection of Peanut Allergen Ara h 6 in Commercially Processed Foods using a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Based Biosensor
Authors: Sobhan Abdus , Oh Jun-Hyun , Park Mi-Kyung , Lee Jinyoung
Published: June 2018

Background: The peanut protein Arachis hypogaea (Ara h) 6 is one of the most serious food allergens that contributes to food-related, life-threatening problems worldwide. The extremely low allergic dose demands for more selective and rapid methods for detecting Ara h 6. Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor for the rapid detection of Ara h 6 in commercial food products. Methods: The detection principle of this biosensor was based on the binding of Ara h 6 to the anti-Ara h 6 antibody (pAb) through 1-pyrenibutanoic acid succinimidyl ester. The resistance difference (ΔR) was calculated via linear sweep voltammetry using a potentiostat. Results: The ΔR increased as the Ara h 6 concentrations increased above the range of 100–107 pg/L. A specificity analysis showed that the anti-Ara h 6 pAb selectively interacted with Ara h 6 molecules in the buffer solution (pH 7.4). Conclusions: This research proposes that an SWCNT-based biosensor in self-assembly with antibodies could be an effective tool for the rapid detection of allergen proteins in food. Highlights: The developed biosensor exhibited higher sensitivity and selectivity. Application studies resulted in precise Ara h 6 detection in peanut-containing processed food.
Analyses of Aloe Polysaccharides Using Carbohydrate Microarray Profiling
Authors: Ahl Louise I , Grace Olwen M , Pedersen Henriette L , Willats William G T , Jørgensen Bodil , Rønsted Nina
Published: June 2018

Background: As the popularity of Aloe vera extracts continues to rise, a desire to fully understand the individual polymer components of the leaf mesophyll, their relation to one another, and the effects they have on the human body are increasing. Polysaccharides present in the leaf mesophyll have been identified as the components responsible for the biological activities of A. vera, and they have been widely studied in the past decades. However, the commonly used methods do not provide the desired platform to conduct large comparative studies of polysaccharide compositions, as most of them require a complete or near-complete fractionation of the polymers. Objective: The objective for this study was to assess whether carbohydrate microarrays could be used for the high-throughput analysis of cell wall polysaccharides in aloe leaf mesophyll. Methods: The method we chose is known as comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) and combines the high-throughput capacity of microarray technology with the specificity of molecular probes. Results: Preliminary findings showed that CoMPP can successfully be used for high-throughput screening of aloe leaf mesophyll tissue. Seventeen species of Aloe and closely related genera were analyzed, and a clear difference in the polysaccharide compositions of the mesophyll tissues was seen. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that the polysaccharides vary between species and that true species of Aloe may differ from segregate genera.
Discurso Religioso, Laicidade e Espaço Público: notas sobre a Atuação Política e Missionária do Padre Júlio Maria de Lombaerde (1928-1944) - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p143
Authors: Soares Fabrício Emerick
Published: June 2018

ResumoO presente artigo objetiva ilustrar as interações entre religião, discurso legitimador e formação/transformação do espaço público como marcas das particularidades da laicidade brasileira, discutidas na disciplina de Religiões no Brasil (PPCIR/PPGCSO – ministrada pelo professor Dr. Marcelo Ayres Camurça) e  informadas pelos conceitos de “configurações de secularismo e laicidade” (Giumbelli, 2013) e “esfera pública” (Montero, 2012). Nesse sentido, utiliza-se das noções de processo discursivo e fluxos de interações discursivas, como instrumentos para a produção da legitimidade/deslegitimidade dos agentes e instituições religiosas, para analisar os discursos produzidos pelo Padre Júlio Maria De Lombaerde durante sua atuação política e missionária na Paróquia do Senhor Bom Jesus, no município de Manhumirim (1928-1944).Palavras-Chave: Laicidade. Espaço público. Discurso. Igreja católica.AbstractThis article aims to illustrate the interactions between religion, legitimizing discourse and formation / transformation of public space as the peculiarities of Brazilian brands of secularism, discussed in the discipline of Religions in Brazil (PPCIR - given by Professor Dr. Marcelo Ayres Camurça) and informed by concepts the "settings secularism and secularism" (Giumbelli, 2013), and "public sphere" (Montero, 2012). In this sense, we use the notions of discursive processes and flows of discursive interactions as instruments for the production of legitimacy / legitimacy agents and religious institutions, to analyze the discourses produced by Father Julio Maria De Lombaerde during his performance at the Parish of the Lord Bom Jesus, in the municipality of Manhumirim (1928-1944).Key words: Secularism. Public space. Speech. Catholic church.
A Fé sob escombros: esboço teológico camponês protestante pós-tragédia em Vieira - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p162
Authors: Almeida Edson Fernando de , Py Fábio , Martins Gustavo Claudiano
Published: June 2018

ResumoNeste artigo busca-se perceber as respostas e matrizes teológicas que brotam diante dos desastres ocorridos no Brasil; mais especificamente, diante das tragédias ocasionadas pelas chuvas em Teresópolis, região serrana do Rio de Janeiro,  em janeiro de 2011. A partir de um relato oral de uma moradora chave, protestante, problematiza-se a teologia por meio das expressões religiosas dos camponeses e de suas religiosidades plurais e fragmentadas, que, após a tragédia, visam reconstruir a vida no distrito de Vieira. O artigo traz um olhar sobre a geografia do local e aspectos históricos da região, a fim de clarear para o leitor sobre  a realidade do fenômeno natural, bem como dar melhor percepção sobre as interpretações das vítimas da tragédia.Palavras-Chaves: Vieira. Tragédia. Camponeses. História oral e matrizes teológicas. AbstractIn this article we seek to understand the answers and theological matrices that arise before the disasters in Brazil; more specifically, given the tragedies caused by rains in Teresopolis, highland area of Rio de Janeiro, which occurred in January 2011. From an oral report, a resident, Protestant, problematizes the theology of religious expressions by peasants, and their plural and fragmented religiousness, which, after the tragedy, aim to reconstruct life in the district of Vieira. The article provides a look at the geography of the place and historical aspects of the region in order to lighten the reader about the reality of natural phenomenon, to give better insight into the interpretations of the victims of the tragedy.Keywords: Vieira. Tragedy. Peasants. Oral History and theological roots.
OS "ANIVERSÁRIOS" DAS IRMANDADES: ocasiões de Comunhão Espiritual entre confrades vivos e defuntos - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p178
Authors: Ferraz Norberto
Published: June 2018

ResumoNeste artigo é nosso objectivo apresentar e analisar um dos momentos celebrativos fulcrais das confrarias bracarenses setecentistas: os “aniversários”. Estas celebrações anuais eram variadas conforme a capacidade financeira e prestígio social de cada irmandade. Assim se algumas apenas determinavam a celebração de missas pelas almas de todos os membros da instituição, vivos e defuntos, outras prescreviam um cerimonial mais complexo, que incluía a realização de um ofício solene. Os “aniversários” eram uma ocasião única para reforçar os laços entre confrades e a união da irmandade. Simultaneamente, lembravam-se os irmãos defuntos e pedia-se a Deus pela sua salvação.Palavras-Chave: Celebrações. Cerimonial. Confrarias bracarenses. AbstractIn this article is our purpose to present and analyse one of the more important celebrative moment soft he confraternities of Braga in the XVIII century: their anniversaries. These annual celebrations could vary in conformity with the financial capacity and social prestige of each brother hood. If some only determined the celebration of masses for the souls of every members of the institution, alive or deceased, others prescribed a more complex cerimonial, that included the realization of one solemn “religious function”. The anniversaries were an unique ocasion to reinforce the ties between confreres and the union of the brotherhood. Simultaineously, the deceased brothers were remembered and did was asked to God their salvation.Keywords: Celebrations. Cerimonial. Confraternities of Braga.
Espírito, Liberdade e Mística em Nicolas Berdiaev e na Mística Feminina Cristã Medieval - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p62
Authors: Do Amaral Maria José Caldeira
Published: June 2018

ResumoNeste artigo vamos desenvolver “um diálogo” entre espírito, mística e liberdade com base nos conceitos de Nicolas Berdiaev e nos relatos de Mechthild von Magdeburg e Marguerite Porete. O objetivo essencial é uma aproximação do sentido da mística da liberdade constituído no pensamento filosófico de Berdiaev e a expressão na mística feminina medieval cristã, na tentativa de apontar para o caráter supra confessional da experiência mística. A articulação das concepções filosóficas de Berdiaev e a hermenêutica de relatos das experiências de Deus nos quais a alma experimenta a verdadeira liberdade, na linguagem de Mechthild e, torna-se nada, na linguagem de Marguerite, sustentam os limiares de sentidos da espiritualidade humana e seus desdobramentos na perspectiva da experiência cristã. A consideração principal, nesse diálogo, é sustentar a dinâmica espiritual do conceito de liberdade a partir de alguns fragmentos da vida e obra dessas mulheres místicas medievais em consonância com o teor dos argumentos de Berdiaev, que desconstrói, assim como elas, o dualismo ontológico entre a alma humana e Deus, postulado pela teologia tradicional. Palavras Chave: Nicolas Berdiaev. Mechthild von Magdeburg. Marguerite Porete. Lliberdade. Mística. AbstractIn this article we will be developing a dialogue between spirit, mystic and freedom in Nicolas Berdiav, Mechthild von Magdeburg and MargueritePorete concepts.The essential intent is  suggest an approach dealing with the sense of the mystic freedom within Berdiaev’s philosophical thought and the expression of Medieval Christian Female Mystic in an attempt to point these concepts far removed from an exclusively  confessional character of mystic experience. The Berdiaev’s philosophical conception and the account of the hermeneutics of the experience of God that the soul experiences through the genuine freedom in  Mechthild’s language and where the same soul becomes nothing for Marguerite’s language, both support the course’s entrances of the human spirituality meanings and the its signification coming from a Christian perspective. The prime reason to consider this dialogue is to investigate the concept of freedom present in spiritual dynamic, from these medieval women’s life and their literary production, that agree with Berdiaev’s attempt to distance herself from onthological dualism between the human soul and God, postulated by traditional theology. Keywords: Nicolas Berdiaev. Mechthild von Magdeburg. Marguerite Porete. Freedom. Mystic.
AS SOMBRAS DOS SANTOS: estética e transcendência na narrativa de Dostoiévski - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p99
Authors: Cabral Jimmy Sudário
Published: June 2018

ResumoComo sugeriu J. Catteau, a recepção da obra de Dostoiévski experimentou uma “decapitação do seu elemento transcendental”, sintoma de uma ruptura com o elemento religioso que estruturou uma abordagem estética e polifônica de suas obras, como encontramos, por exemplo, em M. Bakhtin. No presente artigo, refletimos sobre os fundamentos do “universo religioso de Dostoiévski”, compreendendo o espaço de transcendência religiosa que encontramos em suas obras e que se traduziu na epifania dos seus personagens ícones. A partir da tematização do conteúdo religioso que determinou as antinomias das suas personagens literárias, procuramos compreender os filtros dialéticos que organizaram a sua forma particular de cristianismo.Palavras-chave: Dostoievski. Religião. Estética. Transcendência,AbstractAs J. Catteau suggested, the reception of the Dostoyevsky's workexperimented a “decapitation of its transcendental element”, a symptom of rupture with the religious element that structured an esthetical and polyphonic approach of his work, which can also be found, for example, inMikhail Bakhtin. In this present work we aim to think over the fundamentals of “Dostoyevsky’s religious universe”, considering the space of religious transcendence found in his literature, which was translated into an epiphany of his icon characters. From the thematisation of the religious content that determinated the antinomy of Dostoyevsky's literary characters, we seek to comprehend the dialectical filters that organize his particular form of christianity.Keywords: Dostoyevsky. Religion. Esthetical. Transcendence.
Produção para autoconsumo por agricultores familiares do município de Comodoro, região sudoeste de Mato Grosso
Authors: Soares Keller Regina , Ferreira da Silva Esvanio Edipo , Junior Santino Seabra , Neves Alves da Silva Sandra Mara , Silva Leandro Batista da
Published: June 2018

A produção destinada ao autoconsumo tem sido uma estratégia recorrente de agricultores familiares, por ser fundamental para a reprodução social do segmento, apesar de ser constantemente caracterizadas equivocadamente como produções residuais (sem qualidade). Neste sentido, nesta pesquisa objetivou-se verificar a contribuição da produção destinada ao autoconsumo para os agricultores familiares do município de Comodoro-MT. Foram investigados os agricultores familiares pertencentes a quatro associações ativas no Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. A amostra da população foi realizada através de amostragem sistemática por comunidade/localidade, resultando em um total de 97 agricultores. Foi realizada entrevista entre outubro e dezembro de 2015 com auxílio de formulário semiestruturado e os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software Excel e representados através de frequência absoluta e relativa. Todos os agricultores produzem para o autoconsumo, por conta da garantia da soberania alimentar da família. Relativo aos produtos de origem vegetal destaca-se a produção de olerícolas e os de origem animal os ovos são os mais consumidos pelas famílias. Nas unidades de produção que apresentam pouca diversificação de produtos de origem vegetal e animal a família tem alimentação restritiva, quando comparadas as unidades diversificadas. Os agricultores consideram suficiente sua produção de autoconsumo, com exceção da produção de suínos. A escolha das olerícolas e frutíferas a serem produzidas dependem dos hábitos alimentares de cada família, sendo neste caso, o autoconsumo decisivo na variedade de vegetais cultivados nas unidades de produção. Conclui-se que é de suma importância a produção de autoconsumo para os agricultores familiares de Comodoro-MT, havendo necessidade de fomento de propostas que contribuam com a redução dos problemas associados ao processo de modernização, insegurança alimentar e a perda de raízes culturais.
Abordagem morfopedológica na avaliação da suscetibilidade à erosão dos solos em Vale de São Domingos (MT)
Authors: Freitas Larissa Espinosa de , Alves da Silva Neves Sandra Mara , Moitinho Nunes Maria Cândida , Camillo de Carvalho Marco Antonio , Da Silva Luz Camila Calazans , Paula Diego Galvão de
Published: June 2018

Os processos erosivos são responsáveis pelo carreamento das partículas do solo, provocando o assoreamento de rios e nascentes. Objetivou-se avaliar a suscetibilidade à erosão dos solos e os conflitos de uso no município de Vale de São Domingos/MT, considerando que este vem apresentando nas últimas décadas crescimento populacional, o que implica em novas formas de utilização do espaço geográfico. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: compartimentação morfopedológica, realizada por meio da associação dos mapas municipais de pedologia e geomorfologia; geração do mapa de susceptibilidade à erosão, por meio da sobreposição dos mapas de grau de erodibilidade e declividade; susceptibilidade à erosão; geração dos mapas de cobertura vegetal e uso da terra; potencial à erosão, capacidade de uso das terras e conflito de uso do solo. No município de Vale de São Domingos foi identificada a predominância de Neossolos Quartzarênicos em 59,11% da área do município, em relevo suave ondulado. Houve a predominância da classe extremamente suscetível à erosão e foram identificadas no município a presença de áreas com alto potencial à erosão hídrica. Conforme a avaliação da capacidade de uso das terras foi possível definir que classe a VII de capacidade de uso das terras é mais adequada em 59,34% da área da municipalidade. A classe de alto conflito de uso dos solos foi a predominante, demonstrando que as atividades antrópicas estão afetando a qualidade do solo, bem como afetando os recursos naturais da área de estudo. Constatou-se a, demanda de práticas conservacionistas dos usos desses solos, devido a predominância de solos frágeis na área de estudo.
Luther, Lutherans, and Jews: Looking to the Second Five Hundred Years
Authors: Pettit Peter A.
Published: June 2018

The 500th anniversary of Martin Luther's birth, in 1983, prompted extensive historical and theological research regarding Luther's vitriolic pronouncements about Jews and Judaism. This, in turn, led many Lutheran church bodies to repudiate Luther's anti-Jewish invective. At the 500th anniversary of The 95 Theses, what tasks remain for Lutherans in dealing with the Reformer's legacy and fashioning a positive relationship with the Jewish people? The suggested tasks are a systematic re-formulation of Christian theology, recognizing the place of the land in the biblical promise to Israel, and reconciling with the Jewish people as a normal part of society. The last constitutes a "new Jewish question," this one put to Christians rather than Jews.
The gut microbiome correlates with conspecific aggression in a small population of rescued dogs (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Kirchoff Nicole S. , Udell Monique A. R. , Sharpton Thomas J.
Published: June 2018

Aggression is a serious behavioral disorder in domestic dogs that endangers both dogs and humans. The underlying causes of canine aggression are poorly resolved and require illumination to ensure effective therapy. Recent research links the compositional diversity of the gut microbiome to behavioral and psychological regulation in other mammals, such as mice and humans. Given these observations, we hypothesized that the composition of the canine gut microbiome could associate with aggression. We analyzed fecal microbiome samples collected from a small population of pit bull type dogs seized from a dogfighting organization. This population included twenty-one dogs that displayed conspecific aggressive behaviors and ten that did not. Beta-diversity analyses support an association between gut microbiome structure and dog aggression. Additionally, we used a phylogenetic approach to resolve specific clades of gut bacteria that stratify aggressive and non-aggressive dogs, including clades within Lactobacillus, Dorea, Blautia, Turicibacter, and Bacteroides. Several of these taxa have been implicated in modulating mammalian behavior as well as gastrointestinal disease states. Although sample size limits this study, our findings indicate that gut microorganisms are linked to dog aggression and point to an aggression-associated physiological state that interacts with the gut microbiome. These results also indicate that the gut microbiome may be useful for diagnosing aggressive behaviors prior to their manifestation and potentially discerning cryptic etiologies of aggression.
Tackling critical parameters in metazoan meta-barcoding experiments: a preliminary study based on coxI DNA barcode
Authors: Balech Bachir , Sandionigi Anna , Manzari Caterina , Trucchi Emiliano , Tullo Apollonia , Licciulli Flavio , Grillo Giorgio , Sbisà Elisabetta , De Felici Stefano , Saccone Cecilia , D’Erchia Anna Maria , Cesaroni Donatella , Casiraghi Maurizio , Vicario Saverio
Published: June 2018

Nowadays DNA meta-barcoding is a powerful instrument capable of quickly discovering the biodiversity of an environmental sample by integrating the DNA barcoding approach with High Throughput Sequencing technologies. It mainly consists of the parallel reading of informative genomic fragment/s able to discriminate living entities. Although this approach has been widely studied, it still needs optimization in some necessary steps requested in its advanced accomplishment. A fundamental element concerns the standardization of bioinformatic analyses pipelines. The aim of the present study was to underline a number of critical parameters of laboratory material preparation and taxonomic assignment pipelines in DNA meta-barcoding experiments using the cytochrome oxidase subunit-I (coxI) barcode region, known as a suitable molecular marker for animal species identification. We compared nine taxonomic assignment pipelines, including a custom in-house method, based on Hidden Markov Models. Moreover, we evaluated the potential influence of universal primers amplification bias in qPCR, as well as the correlation between GC content with taxonomic assignment results. The pipelines were tested on a community of known terrestrial invertebrates collected by pitfall traps from a chestnut forest in Italy. Although the present analysis was not exhaustive and needs additional investigation, our results suggest some potential improvements in laboratory material preparation and the introduction of additional parameters in taxonomic assignment pipelines. These include the correct setup of OTU clustering threshold, the calibration of GC content affecting sequencing quality and taxonomic classification, as well as the evaluation of PCR primers amplification bias on the final biodiversity pattern. Thus, careful attention and further validation/optimization of the above-mentioned variables would be required in a DNA meta-barcoding experimental routine.