bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China: socialismo de mercado, relações internacionais e questão ideológica
Authors: Silva Marcos Aurélio da
Published: December 2020

Definindo as características do socialismo de mercado chinês, bem como os efeitos que esta formação social imprime às suas relações internacionais, o artigo discute as leituras ideológicas que esta realidade tem recebido nos meios intelectuais e políticos ocidentais nas últimas décadas e durante a atual pandemia da Covid-19. O pano de fundo teórico desta análise parte da noção de unidade e racionalidade da história inerente a um marxismo que se reconhece escoltado pela filosofia clássica alemã e notadamente pelo pensamento de Hegel.
O sistema Tiānxià (天下) como estratégia do Zhōngguó (中国) – reflexões sobre a transição hegemônica mundial no longo século XXI
Authors: Rodrigues Bernardo Salgado , Martins Carlos Eduardo da Rosa
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar a hipótese de transição hegemônica mundial a partir do declínio relativo dos Estados Unidos e da ascensão anti-imperialista da China, baseada no conceito chinês de Tiānxià  (天下). Utilizando-se do método empírico-dedutivo, o objetivo principal é demonstrar que esse processo de longa duração vem se acelerando no século XXI. Considera-se como variável independente a crise da globalização neoliberal, que possibilita vislumbrar uma transfiguração sistêmica a partir de aspectos relacionados à resiliência chinesa, principalmente após a pandemia da Covid-19. Desta forma, busca-se demonstrar que a China se apresenta como alternativa concreta ao neoliberalismo financeirizado ao alocar o embrionário Estado coletivista como centro da sua estrutura de reprodução econômica.
Os efeitos da globalização nas economias brasileira e chinesa: a importância das políticas internas
Authors: Araújo Caroline Giusti , Diegues Antônio Carlos
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos do processo de globalização nas economias brasileira e chinesa. A tese central é que a globalização e seus desdobramentos representaram riscos, mas também oportunidades aos países em desenvolvimento que poderiam ser aproveitadas por meio da condução das políticas internas. Ademais, utilizam-se indicadores construídos a partir do valor adicionado doméstico nas exportações e o índice de complexidade econômica. De modo geral, notou-se que o aumento da participação nas cadeias globais de valor não implicou transformação estrutural para as duas economias, isto é, enquanto a economia chinesa busca superar o path dependence e utilizar a globalização como uma “janela de oportunidade”, via diversificação produtiva, o Brasil caminha para outros rumos.
Estado e mercado na reforma da governança corporativa chinesa
Authors: Jesus Júnior Leonardo Bispo de , Ferreira Júnior Hamilton De Moura , Lemos Mauro Borges
Published: December 2020

Depois de um longo período de exclusão do debate econômico, o estrondoso sucesso da transformação estrutural da China voltou a colocá-la no centro do debate. Na base de tal sucesso, está o processo de reforma econômica, que teve como um dos seus eixos a modernização da governança corporativa das empresas estatais (SOEs). O objetivo do artigo foi discutir as diretrizes de tal modernização e como esta se articula com o Sistema Partido-Estado. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, discutiu-se instituições, governança corporativa moderna e a reforma da governança das SOEs chinesas. Conclui-se que mesmo considerando a opacidade de certas relações informais na governança das SOEs, algumas evidências parecem apontar para efetividade da reforma na melhoria da performance e atração de capitais delas.
Semicondutores, outro salto da China rumo a Complexidade Econômica?
Authors: Jürgensen Felipe Trevisan , Mello Leonardo Freire de
Published: December 2020

O desenvolvimento recente do setor complexo e de alta tecnologia da China, sobretudo de dados e telecomunicação,  liderado pela parceria entre governo chinês e a empresa  Huawei, detém limitantes políticos e estruturais comuns. O primeiro é referente a disputa econômica, comercial e política entre China e Estados Unidos. E o segundo trata-se de uma limitação de um insumo altamente complexo, os semicondutores. O presente trabalho busca analisar as políticas econômicas do governo da China mediante a essa situação de restrição geopolítica e tecnológica.
Estimativa do impacto do comércio Brasil-China sobre o trabalho por nível de qualificação
Authors: Arboléya-Lopes Willian Fabrício , Sesso Filho Umberto Antonio , Esteves Emerson Guzzi Zuan
Published: December 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estimar o efeito do comércio Brasil-China em geração de horas de trabalho por qualificação e identificar os setores com maiores impactos. Os resultados mostraram que no período 1995-2009 as relações entre os países modificaram-se com a tendência de o Brasil exportar produtos primários para a China e adquirir produtos com maior valor agregado e tecnologia. A consequência deste fenômeno foi que a balança comercial positiva do ano de 2009 em 4,7 bilhões de dólares para o Brasil apresentou saldo negativo de geração de trabalho em 520 milhões de horas, principalmente de média qualificação. Os setores do Brasil com maior geração de trabalho em 2009 por exportações para a China foram Agropecuária (1778 milhões de horas) e Extrativismo mineral (644 milhões de horas). Na China, temos os setores Produtos Elétricos e ópticos (1474 milhões de horas de trabalho geradas por exportações para o Brasil), Têxtil (561 milhões de horas) e Máquinas (249 milhões de horas).
Why Climate Change and State Subsidies Will Collide to Create Fishery Conflict
Authors: Kelman Jonathan
Published: December 2020

Climate change, combined with rising global demand for seafood products, will lead to greater conflict over remaining fisheries. Warming and acidifying oceans are shifting the availability of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary to maintain fish stocks. These changes are likely to increase conflict, both interstate and intrastate, in several important ways. For one, the fish stocks that are already under stress from demand for seafood protein are also shifting location. Most significantly, scarcity will likely draw in greater state involvement in fisheries. As traditional fleets exhaust their territorial waters, domestic political pressure will lead to greater state investment in distant water fishing (DWF) fleets to access fish stocks on the high seas and in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of other states. DWF fleets are destabilizing because they can easily access fishing zones with low levels of enforcement. Their industrial scale and low level of transparency means that they are also more likely to engage in Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. States are also more likely to intervene militarily to protect their state-support DWF fleets.
Activity pattern of bacteria in biodigester based on gas production and burning hour analyses
Authors: M. N Fadheela , C. Sethulekshmi , Mathew Joseph , C. Latha , Jolly Deepa
Published: December 2020

Pollution around the world continues to grow and hence there is a growing interest in devising efficient and cost effective waste management. Biogas technology has in recent times viewed as a very good source of sustainable waste management. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of different types of mesophilic, thermophilic and anaerobic bacteria in the bio digester responsible for biogas production. The activity pattern of bacteria in the bio digester based on gas production and the burning hour analyses of the biogas were also estimated in the study.
Six samples of slurry from two biodigesters; one installed at University livestock farm and other at buffalo farm in the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy were collected using a pump in to UV sterilised polythene bag and subjected to microbial analysis. The activity pattern of microorganisms in the biodigester at the buffalo farm was studied based on the gas production pattern (Sasse, 1988). When the mean total viable count were examined (Mortan, 2001) from top to bottom of biodigester it was observed that aerobic mesophilic counts decreased and anaerobic mesophilic counts increased towards bottom. While both aerobic and anaerobic thermophilic bacterial count increased towards the bottom of the biodigester. Methanogenic bacteria constituting the thermophilc organisms were found to be actively growing at the bottom of biodigester. The burning hour analysis of biogas from one of the biodigester (at the buffalo farm) was also carried out (Sasse, 1988). Burning hour analysis showed that a volume of 0.1074 m3 methane rich biogas could produce a blue flame for an hour. The study illustrates the importance of biogas technology, besides supplying energy and manure, provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting firewood for cooking.

Keywords: biogas, biodigester, activity pattern, burning hour
Implementation of Class management Improving the Learning Process in Class VI Umar Bin Khattab SDIT Ummi Aida Medan, Medan Tembung District
Authors: Hidayah Hikmatul
Published: December 2020

In the context of the problem of improving the learning process, what can be done is to carry out classroom management. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of class managementis carried out by teachers in the classroom in terms of improving the learning process at SDIT Ummi Aida Medan, Medan Tembung District. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques (observation), and supported by interview observation techniques, and document study. The type of data used in this study is primary data by means of researchers making direct observations. Furthermore, all data are processed by qualitative data analysis stages, namely by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. This study resulted in four findings, namely: 1) Planning class managementincluding: teachers compiling educational calendars, prota and prosem, compiling syllabus, making lesson plans (RPP). 2) Implementation of class management includes: creating a classroom atmosphere, comfortable, safe and conducive and teachers are able to minimize obstacles in the teaching and learning process, approach students that cause learning obstacles, provide guidance and motivation to students to enthusiastically start learning, seating arrangements , the use of learning methods, and learning media that are adjusted to the learning material 3) Evaluation of Class Management includes: self-evaluation of educators to determine satisfaction in carrying out tasks as class dreamers, evaluation of learning outcomes of students.
Using Contextual Graphs as a Decision-making Tool in the Process of Hiring Candidates
Authors: Tahir Hassane , Brézillon Patrick
Published: December 2020

Poor selection of employees can be a first step towards a lack of motivation, poor performance, and high turnover, to name a few. It's no wonder that organizations are trying to find the best ways to avoid these slippages by finding the best possible person for the job. Therefore, it is very important to understand the context of hiring process to help to understand which recruiting mistakes are most damaging to the organization in order to reduce the recruiting challenges faced by Human resource managers by building their capacity to ensure optimal HR performance. This paper initiates a research about how Contextual Graphs Formalism can be used for improving the decision making in the process of hiring potential candidates. An example of a typical procedure for visualization of recruiting phases is presented to show how to add contextual elements and practices in order to communicate the recruitment policy in a concrete and memorable way to both hiring teams and candidates.
Towards Fog-Assisted Virtual Reality MMOG with Ultra-Low Latency
Authors: Tsuyoshi YOSHIHARA , Satoshi FUJITA
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to realize a virtual reality MMOG (Massively Multiplayer Online Video Game) with ultra-low latency. The basic idea of the proposed method is to introduce a layer consisting of several fog nodes between clients and cloud server to offload a part of the rendering task which is conducted by the cloud server in conventional cloud games. We examine three techniques to reduce the latency in such a fog-assisted cloud game: 1) To maintain the consistency of the virtual game space, collision detection of virtual objects is conducted by the cloud server in a centralized manner; 2) To reflect subtle changes of the line of sight to the 3D game view, each client is assigned to a fog node and the head motion of the player acquired through HMD (Head-Mounted Display) is directly sent to the corresponding fog node; and 3) To offload a part of the rendering task, we separate the rendering of the background view from that of the foreground view, and migrate the former to other nodes including the cloud server. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by experiments with an AWS-based prototype system. It is confirmed that the proposed techniques achieve the latency of 32.3 ms, which is 66 % faster than the conventional systems.
Stated Preference Data & Alogit
Authors: Hassanvand Mina
Published: December 2020

Stated Preference (SP) surveys are a form of experimental surveys in which the respondent states his/her preferences towards to an alternative out of a set of alternatives that they are presented with. The process of analysing the data collected and estimating the utility of the alternatives under investigation found through such surveys, depending on the nature of the survey design and its underlying details, can be time consuming and cumbersome. If the data is to be studied using logit models, the ALOGIT software can be used which is a powerful tool used for utility maximization and estimations of a SP survey data set. The software requires development and use of a special and often quite lengthy code. This paper presents the reader with a specific yet immensely useful computer program to be used in ALOGIT for estimations when working with SP data and logit models involving ranking and rating of alternatives.
Theatrical literature and the extracts used in it on “The Mahabharata”
Authors: Dobriyal Kusum , Godiyal J K
Published: December 2020

The importance of "Mahabharata" has been imbibed by poets and inventors
since the primitive era of writing Sanskrit literature. The present communication deals with the analysis of metaphors and extracts presented in the “Mahabharata” composed by “Mahrsi” Ved Vyas.
The Analysis of Pedagogical Competence of The English Teachers’ of The Third Grade Students at SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This research tries to analyze the teacher’s pedagogical competence in Teaching English. There are six pedagogical competence that need to be mastered by a teacher. They are understanding the subject in English lesson, the ability in understanding the students, the ability in setting and implementing lesson plan and learning strategy, the ability in creating educational and dialogical learning which is interactive, utilizing the learning technology, and evaluating the learning outcomes. Thus, this research focus on the teacher’s pedagogical competence that consist of the six components. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and the researcher used observation, questionnaire, and document analysis as the method of collecting data. The objective of this research is to know whether the English teacher has all components in pedagogical competence and to know the students’ perpective on the teacher’s pedagogical competence. The result of research is the English teacher has all of the components of the pedagogical competence. Based on the observation, documentation analysis, and the data of questinnaire shows that the English teacher has the abilty in understanding the subject in English lesson, the ability in understanding the students, the ability in setting and implementing lesson plan and learning strategy, the ability in creating educational and dialogical learning which is interactive, utilizing the learning technology, and evaluating the learning outcomes.
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Abstrak: Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Ada enam kompetensi pedagogik yang perlu dikuasai oleh seorang guru. Mereka memahami subjek dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris, kemampuan dalam memahami siswa, kemampuan dalam menetapkan dan menerapkan rencana pelajaran dan strategi pembelajaran, kemampuan dalam menciptakan pembelajaran pendidikan dan dialogis yang interaktif, memanfaatkan teknologi pembelajaran, dan mengevaluasi hasil pembelajaran . Dengan demikian, penelitian ini fokus pada kompetensi pedagogik guru yang terdiri dari enam komponen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan peneliti menggunakan observasi, kuesioner, dan analisis dokumen sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah guru bahasa Inggris memiliki semua komponen dalam kompetensi pedagogis dan untuk mengetahui perspektif siswa tentang kompetensi pedagogis guru. Hasil penelitian adalah guru bahasa Inggris memiliki semua komponen kompetensi pedagogis. Berdasarkan pengamatan, analisis dokumentasi, dan data kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa guru bahasa Inggris memiliki kemampuan dalam memahami subjek dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris, kemampuan dalam memahami siswa, kemampuan dalam menetapkan dan menerapkan rencana pelajaran dan strategi pembelajaran, kemampuan dalam menciptakan pembelajaran pendidikan dan dialogis yang interaktif, memanfaatkan teknologi pembelajaran, dan mengevaluasi hasil pembelajaran
Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Atribut Pembelajaran Sistem Daring Online Pada Mata Kuliah Matematika Di STIENI Jakarta
Authors: Siagian Gary Yefta Herbeth
Published: December 2020

Abstrack: Covid-19 is a dangerous disease that attacks the throat system in humans with a very rapid spread of transmission. Various appropriate ways to respond to government proposals in breaking the distribution chain of co-19. One of the ways the government attempts to break the chain of distribution of co-19 in the world of education is by engaging in remote interactions with online systems. The purpose of the study was to analyze the perceptions and levels of student satisfaction with online system attributes in mathematics courses at STIENI Jakarta. The sampling process in this study was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using a survey method using a sample of 25 respondents. This study uses the Friedman Test analysis, and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results showed for online online system attributes that the first rank of students assessed a learning method of 3.52, for the second position was service in learning by 3.48, and for the last rank was the quality of learning and education personnel by 1.50. For the level of satisfaction, students rated online online system attributes as quite satisfied by 65%.
Abstrak: Covid-19 merupakan suatu penyakit berbahaya yang menyerang sistem tenggorokan  pada manusia dengan penyebaran penularan sangat cepat. Berbagai cara yang tepat dalam menanggapi usulan pemerintah dalam memutuskan rantai penyebaran covid-19. Salah satu cara upaya pemerintah dalam memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19 dalam dunia pendidikan adalah dengan melakukan hubungan interaksi secara jauh dengan sistem daring secara online. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis persepsi dan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap atribut sistem daring secara online pada mata kuliah matematika di STIENI Jakarta. Proses pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini secara purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode survei dengan  menggunakan sampel 25 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Uji Friedman, dan Customer Satisfaction Indeks (CSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk atribut sistem daring online adalah peringkat pertama mahasiswa menilai metode pembelajaran sebesar 3,52, untuk posisi kedua adalah pelayanan dalam pembelajaran sebesar 3,48, dan untuk peringkat terakhir adalah kualitas pembelajaran dan tenaga kependidikan sebesar 1,50. Untuk tingkat kepuasan, mahasiswa menilai atribut sistem daring online adalah cukup puas sebesar 65%.
Gênero e Educação: uma investigação sobre a publicações em periódicos científicos paranaenses (2017-2020)
Authors: Rodrigues Cíntia Régia , Guariza Nadia Maria
Published: December 2020

Nos últimos anos o mundo assiste a um embate que se desenvolve em várias esferas sociais, dentre elas a educacional, entre os estudos feministas e os movimentos antigênero. No Brasil isso ficou mais evidente a partir de 2015 com a discussão e a aprovação dos Planos Municipais e Estaduais de Educação, nos quais grupos antigênero articularam uma ofensiva a qualquer palavra que pudesse remeter a questão da diversidade sexual e de gênero no texto final dos planos. Nesta mesma direção podemos citar a tramitação do projeto de Lei Escola Sem Partido (PLS 193/2016) que se iniciou em junho de 2016 e que visava limitar a atuação dos professores a partir da vigilância ideológica. Se no começo esse projeto objetivava um espectro mais amplo das ideias de esquerda, nos últimos anos de tentativa de sua aprovação acrescentou um número considerável de artigos relativos à proibição das discussões de gênero na escola. Outro exemplo foi o ataque ao programa Brasil sem Homofobia que levou a sua suspensão pelo governo federal em 2010. O programa Brasil sem Homofobia foi criado em 2004 com a finalidade de combater o preconceito e a violência contra a população LGBTI+. Uma parte do programa previa a formação dos docentes para tratar das questões de gênero e de sexualidade na escola e a produção de material didático sobre as mesmas temáticas.
Efetividade dos direitos humanos e a Ordem Constitucional Brasileira
Authors: Gomes Luiz Geraldo do Carmo , Camargo Marcio
Published: December 2020

Diante da importância acerca da promoção dos direitos humanos, não somente no plano formal, mas também no plano material, faz-se necessária a discussão de meios de efetivação de tais direitos a fim de inseri-los na sociedade, para garantir a aplicação das normas que versem sobre direitos humanos tanto no plano internacional como no plano interno, abordando-se a história da internacionalização dos direitos humanos e a defesa de tais direitos no Brasil, a fim de demonstrar a possibilidade de torná-los tangíveis no plano social.
Nome social na educação: um passo na construção da cidadania, do respeito e da dignidade das pessoas trans
Authors: Reis Toni , Eggert Edla
Published: December 2020

Este artigo examina o nome social, ou o nome escolhido em consonância com a identidade de gênero em substituição do nome de registro, de pessoas travestis e transexuais, como fator de promoção da inclusão das mesmas no ambiente educacional. Aborda vivências de pessoas trans nas escolas e percorre os marcos normativos surgidos no decorrer da última década desde o aparecimento da reivindicação pelo movimento social do reconhecimento do nome social. Conclui que a medida é um passo rumo à inclusão, mas que precisa ser acompanhada de outras medidas concomitantes para poder surtir o efeito desejado da inclusão.
Social media marketing activities and brand loyalty in the telecommunication industry: The mediating role of brand affect.
Authors: Sharawneh Tamer
Published: December 2020

The effect of social media marketing activities on brand loyalty has gotten little attention in the telecommunication industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on brand loyalty as well as to examining the mediating effect of brand affect in the relationship between social media marketing activities and brand loyalty. By using an online self-administrated questionnaire to obtain 409 customers of a telecommunication company in Palestine, the finding of this study revealed that social media marketing activities positively effect brand loyalty. Further, brand affect has been found as a partial mediator in the relationship between social media marketing activities and brand loyalty. Accordingly, theoretical and practical implications as well as recommendations for future studies have been provided.
The effects Of COVID-19 on restaurant industry: A perspective article.
Authors: Alkasasbeh Fadi
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to discuss the impacts of COVID-19 on restaurant marketing and management practices and outlines a three-pronged research agenda to stimulate knowledge development in the restaurant sector. This paper is based on an overview of the relevant literature on social media in food advertising. The authors also investigated trends in hospitality services to suggest a research agenda. This paper presents a research agenda in three dimensions - Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital media ads and the importance of social media ads during Covid 19. First, different types of artificial intelligence (mechanical, thinking and feeling) may open distinct research streams at the intersection of health crises and restaurants, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this paper recommends that researchers move beyond typical perspectives on precedents and the results of restaurant cleanliness and cleanliness to delve into. Moreover, to help restaurants recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed research streams are expected to provide actionable insights to promote development and sustainability in the restaurant sector. Authenticity / Value - This paper appears to be a frontier study, looking critically at the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of COVID-19 on the restaurant industry and how restaurant owners can respond to such post-pandemic recovery challenges.
The nexus between corporate philanthropy and customer citizenship behavior: The role of corporate reputation and customer socialization.
Authors: Janbout Linart
Published: December 2020

Corporate philanthropy is one of the most debated topics among scholars for socially responsible firms. This study examines the impact of corporate philanthropy on customer citizenship behavior. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the mediation effect of corporate reputation as well as the moderation effect of customer socialization on the relationship between corporate philanthropy and customer citizenship behavior. The population of this study consists of 393 students from one university in North Cyprus. Using the regression analysis method, the findings of this study revealed that corporate philanthropy positively affects customer citizenship behavior and such a relationship is partially mediated by corporate reputation. The result of the interaction effect reported for a positive significant effect of customer socialization on the relationship between corporate philanthropy and customer citizenship behavior. The research contributes to the literature by providing empirical findings on the relationship between corporate philanthropy and customer citizenship behavior as well as examining the underline mechanisms of how and under what conditions corporate philanthropy enhances customer citizenship behavior.
Tropical Pacific climate variability under solar geoengineering: impacts on ENSO extremes
Authors: Malik Abdul , Nowack Peer J. , Haigh Joanna D. , Cao Long , Atique Luqman , Plancherel Yves
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Many modelling studies suggest that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), in interaction with the tropical Pacific background climate, will
change with rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Solar
geoengineering (reducing the solar flux from outer space) has been proposed
as a means to counteract anthropogenic climate change. However, the
effectiveness of solar geoengineering concerning a variety of aspects of
Earth's climate is uncertain. Robust results are particularly challenging to
obtain for ENSO because existing geoengineering simulations are too short
(typically ∼ 50 years) to detect statistically significant
changes in the highly variable tropical Pacific background climate. We here
present results from a 1000-year-long solar-geoengineering simulation, G1,
carried out with the coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model
HadCM3L. In agreement with previous studies, reducing the solar irradiance
(4 %) to offset global mean surface warming in the model more than
compensates the warming in the tropical Pacific that develops in the
4 × CO2 scenario. We see an overcooling of 0.3 ∘C and a
0.23 mm d−1 (5 %) reduction in mean rainfall over the tropical Pacific
relative to preindustrial conditions in the G1 simulation, owing to the
different latitudinal distributions of the shortwave (solar) and longwave
(CO2) forcings. The location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
(ITCZ) in the tropical Pacific, which moved 7.5∘ southwards under
4 × CO2, is restored to its preindustrial position. However,
other aspects of the tropical Pacific mean climate are not reset as
effectively. Relative to preindustrial conditions, in G1 the time-averaged
zonal wind stress, zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, and
meridional SST gradient are each statistically significantly reduced by
around 10 %, and the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) is consistently
weakened, resulting in conditions conducive to increased frequency of El
Niño events. The overall amplitude of ENSO strengthens by 9 %–10 % in
G1, but there is a 65 % reduction in the asymmetry between cold and warm
events: cold events intensify more than warm events. Notably, the frequency
of extreme El Niño and La Niña events increases by ca. 60 % and
30 %, respectively, while the total number of El Niño events increases
by around 10 %. All of these changes are statistically significant at either 95 or 99 % confidence level. Somewhat paradoxically, while the number
of total and extreme events increases, the extreme El Niño events become
weaker relative to the preindustrial state, while the extreme La Niña
events become even stronger. That is, such extreme El Niño events in G1
become less intense than under preindustrial conditions but also more
frequent. In contrast, extreme La Niña events become stronger in G1,
which is in agreement with the general overcooling of the tropical Pacific
in G1 relative to preindustrial conditions.
Climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS TEC data from
2008 to 2018
Authors: Pandit Drabindra , Ghimire Basudev , Amory-Mazaudier Christine , Fleury Rolland , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Adhikari Binod
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this study, we analyze the climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS derived VTEC observed from four stations: KKN4 (27.80° N, 85.27° E), GRHI (27.95° N, 82.49° E), JMSM (28.80° N, 83.74° E), DLPA (28.98° N,82.81° E) during years 2008 to 2018. The study illustrates the diurnal, monthly, annual, seasonal and solar cycle variations of VTEC during all time of solar cycle 24. The results clearly revel the presence of equinoctial asymmetry in TEC which is more pronounced in maximum phases of solar cycle in year 2014 at KKN4 station followed by descending, ascending and minimum phases. Diurnal variation of VTEC showed short-lived day minimum which occurs between 5:00 to 6:00 LT at all the stations considered with diurnal peak between around 12:00 to 15:00 LT. The maximum value of TEC is observed during spring equinox than autumn equinox with a few anomalies. Similarly, winter anomalies are noticed during increasing and maximum phases of the solar cycle2011 and 2014 from almost all stations taken in the study.
Daytime low-level clouds in West Africa – occurrence, associated drivers, and shortwave radiation attenuation
Authors: Danso Derrick K. , Anquetin Sandrine , Diedhiou Arona , Kouadio Kouakou , Kobea Arsène T.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study focuses on daytime low-level clouds (LLCs) that
occur within the first 2 km of the atmosphere over West Africa (WA). These
daytime LLCs play a major role in the earth's radiative balance, yet their
understanding is still relatively low in WA. We use the state-of-the-art
ERA5 dataset to understand their occurrence and associated drivers as well
as their impact on the incoming surface solar radiation in the two
contrasting Guinean and Sahelian regions of WA. The diurnal cycle of the
daytime occurrence of three LLC classes namely No LCC, LLC Class-1 (LLCs
with lower fraction), and LLC Class-2 (LLCs with higher fraction) is first
studied. The monthly evolutions of hourly and long-lasting LLC (for at least
6 consecutive hours) events are then analyzed as well as the synoptic-scale
moisture flux associated with the long-lasting LLC events. Finally, the
impact of LLC on the surface heat fluxes and the incoming solar irradiance
is investigated. During the summer months in the Guinean region, LLC Class-1
occurrence is low, while LLC Class-2 is frequent (occurrence frequency around
75 % in August). In the Sahel, LLC Class-1 is dominant in the summer
months (occurrence frequency more than 80 % from June to October); however the peak occurrence frequency of Class-2 is also in the summer. In
both regions, events with No LLC do not present any specific correlation
with the time of the day. However, a diurnal evolution that appears to be
strongly different from one region to the other is noted for the occurrence
of LLC Class-2. LLC occurrence in both regions is associated with high
moisture flux driven by strong southwesterly winds from the Gulf of Guinea
and significant background moisture levels. LLC Class-2 in particular leads
to a significant reduction in the upward transfer of energy and a net
downward energy transfer caused by the release of large amounts of energy in
the atmosphere during the cloud formation. In July, August, and September (JAS), most of the LLC Class-2
events may likely be the low-level stratiform clouds that occur frequently
over the Guinean region, while they may be deep convective clouds in the
Sahel. Additionally, LLC Class-2 causes high attenuation of the incoming
solar radiation, especially during JAS, where about 49 % and 44 % of
the downwelling surface shortwave radiation is lost on average in Guinea and the Sahel, respectively.
Graphic design and scientific research – the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) experience
Authors: Riposati Daniela , D'Addezio Giuliana , Di Laura Francesca , Misiti Valeria , Battelli Patrizia
Published: December 2020

Abstract. One of the primary activities of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology; INGV) is the production of resources concerning educational and outreach projects in geophysics and natural hazard topics. This activity is aimed at transferring, periodically, results at the forefront of ongoing research to the public through an intense and comprehensive plan for scientific dissemination. Over the past 15 years, graphic and visual
communication have become essential tools for supporting institutional and
research activities. In this paper, we describe successful INGV team
experiences resulting from a close relationship and collaborative work
between graphic designers and research scientists. The main goal of the
projects devoted to the general public, through the creation of a museum
exhibition or the production of descriptive brochures, is to support
scientists in conveying their message and making concepts fruitful,
easier to understand but also fully enjoyable thanks to the emotional
involvement that images may generate. Through a careful composition
of signs and images, and through the use of different visual tools (colours,
form and lettering) on different media (print, video and web), the graphics and
editorial products together create a strong INGV-style identity, making
it easily recognizable in any educational and outreach project. A full
project product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized
text and pure design elements such as shapes and colours, which serve the
purpose of unifying the whole set. Colour is used not only to help the
project logo to stand out from the international overview but, in our case,
also to generate a unifying return across all INGV sections. A recent and
highly stimulating experience concerned the creation of edu-games,
specifically designed for scientific dissemination, through a close
collaboration between INGV graphic designers and their reference scientific
community. The edu-games were designed as an effective combination of
educational content and playful communicative aspects, leading the young
players to learn while having fun.
The utility of earth science information in post-earthquake land-use decision-making: the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Quigley Mark C. , Saunders Wendy , Massey Chris , Van Dissen Russ , Villamor Pilar , Jack Helen , Litchfield Nicola
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Earth science information (data, knowledge, advice) can
enhance the evidence base for land-use decision-making. The utility of this
information depends on factors including the context and objectives of
land-use decisions, the timeliness and efficiency with which earth science
information is delivered, and the strength, relevance, uncertainties, and
risks assigned to earth science information relative to other inputs. We
investigate land-use decision-making practices in Christchurch, New Zealand,
and the surrounding region in response to mass movement (e.g., rockfall,
cliff collapses) and ground-surface fault rupture hazards incurred during
the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES). Rockfall fatality risk
models combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability data were co-produced by
earth scientists and decision makers and formed primary evidence for
risk-based land-use decision-making with adaptive capacity. A public
consultation and submission process enabled consideration of additional
earth science information primarily via stakeholder requests. For fault
rupture hazards, pre-disaster geotechnical guidelines and collaboration
networks enhanced the ability of earth scientists to rapidly acquire
relevant observational data to meet the demands of decision makers.
Expeditious decision-making granted permissive consent for rebuilding in the
fault rupture zone based on preliminary scientific advice that was
subsequently supported by more comprehensive geological investigations.
Rapidly fluctuating and diverse demands for post-disaster earth science
information may be best met through the prior establishment of (i) land-use
policies and technical guidelines tailored for a variety of diverse disaster
scenarios, (ii) hazard and risk analyses in land-use plans, including
acquisition of geospatial and other earth science data, and (iii) coordinated scientific networks that may comprise subgroups with diverse goals, operational perspectives, and protocols which allow the many facets of scientific information acquisition and delivery to be successfully
addressed. Despite the collective knowledge shared here, some recent land-use practices in New Zealand continue to prioritize other (e.g.,
socioeconomic) factors above earth science information, even in areas of
extreme disaster risk.
Lava flow hazard map of Piton de la Fournaise volcano
Authors: Chevrel Magdalena Oryaëlle , Favalli Massimiliano , Villeneuve Nicolas , Harris Andrew J. L. , Fornaciai Alessandro , Richter Nicole , Derrien Allan , Boissier Patrice , Di Muro Andrea , Peltier Aline
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Piton de la Fournaise, situated on La Réunion Island (France), is one of the most active hot spot basaltic shield volcanoes worldwide, experiencing at least two eruptions per year since the establishment of the observatory in 1979. Eruptions are typically fissure-fed and form extensive lava flow fields. About 95 % of some ~250 historical events (since the first confidently dated eruption in 1708) have occurred inside an uninhabited horse-shoe shaped caldera (hereafter referred to as the Enclos) which is open to the ocean on its eastern side. Rarely (12 times since the 18th century), fissures have opened outside of the Enclos where housing units, population centers and infrastructure are at risk. In such a situation, lava flow hazard maps are a useful way of visualizing lava flow inundation probabilities over large areas. Here, we present a lava flow hazard map for Piton de la Fournaise volcano based on: i) vent distribution, ii) statistics of lava flow lengths, iii) lava flow recurrence times, and iv) simulations of lava flow paths across multi-temporal (i.e., regularly updated) topography using the DOWNFLOW stochastic numerical model. A map of the entire volcano highlights that the most probable (up to 12 %) location for future lava flow inundation is within the Enclos, where about 100,000 visitors are present each year. Hazard distribution changes throughout the analysis period due to the high frequency of eruptions that constantly modifies the vent opening distribution as well as the topography and the lava flow dimensional characteristics. Outside of the Enclos, probabilities reach 0.5 % along the well-defined rift zones and, although hazard occurrence in inhabited areas is deemed to be very low (
Micro- and nano-porosity of the active Alpine Fault zone, New Zealand
Authors: Kirilova Martina , Toy Virginia , Sauer Katrina , Renard François , Gessner Klaus , Wirth Richard , Xiao Xianghui , Matsumura Risa
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Porosity reduction in rocks from a fault core can cause elevated pore fluid
pressures and consequently influence the recurrence time of earthquakes. We
investigated the porosity distribution in the New Zealand's Alpine Fault core
in samples recovered during the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project
(DFDP-1B) by using two-dimensional nanoscale and three-dimensional microscale
imaging. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography-derived analyses of open pore
spaces show total microscale porosities in the range of
0.1 %–0.24 %. These pores have mainly non-spherical, elongated, flat
shapes and show subtle bipolar orientation. Scanning and transmission electron
microscopy reveal the samples' microstructural organization, where nanoscale
pores ornament grain boundaries of the gouge material, especially clay
minerals. Our data imply that (i) the porosity of the fault core is very
small and not connected; (ii) the distribution of clay minerals controls the
shape and orientation of the associated pores; (iii) porosity was reduced due
to pressure solution processes; and (iv) mineral precipitation in fluid-filled
pores can affect the mechanical behavior of the Alpine Fault by decreasing
the already critically low total porosity of the fault core, causing elevated
pore fluid pressures and/or introducing weak mineral phases, and thus
lowering the overall fault frictional strength. We conclude that the current
state of very low porosity in the Alpine Fault core is likely to play a key
role in the initiation of the next fault rupture.
El proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua en los esports
Authors: Postigo Fuentes Ana Yara , Fernández Navas Manuel
Published: December 2020

El peso que ha adquirido la industria de los videojuegos en diferentes países y la posibilidad de jugar a estos videojuegos en línea han permitido que jugadores españoles se comuniquen con jugadores cuya lengua sea diferente a la de ellos. En este estudio de caso, hemos querido analizar cómo es el proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera cuando se juega a videojuegos, centrándonos especialmente en el caso de los esports. Para ello se han utilizado como herramientas de recogida de información observaciones, análisis de los discursos en partidas, entrevistas a jugadores y evaluación de destrezas. Los resultados obtenidos exponen la influencia de la comunicación obligatoria, el aprendizaje a través de la interacción y la relación del aprendizaje en el videojuego a nivel competitivo con los contenidos del aula como factores clave en este proceso.
Dispositivos y estrategias lingüístico-discursivas en narrativas de spams
Authors: Belli Simone , Jiménez Bernal Miriam
Published: December 2020

Nuestro objetivo con este artículo es relacionar las emociones y los estereotipos de género por medio del análisis de las narrativas que contienen los spams.  Presentaremos cuatro diferentes tipos de spam de 450 correos electrónicos, que tengan entre 4 y 52 líneas de extensión. Estos se recibieron entre finales de 2009 y mediados de 2016 y fueron escritos en inglés, español, portugués y francés. Nuestro análisis se realizará en 2 pasos. En el primer paso se describirán las estrategias lingüísticas discursivas. En el segundo paso, se abordará la expresión lingüística de las emociones. Nos basaremos en la Teoría del Posicionamiento de Rom Harré para identificar dónde se ubican los autores y los lectores en las narraciones.
Un bastón multiperforado de la ocupación del Magdaleniense Final de la cueva Aizkoltxo (Mendaro, Gipuzkoa)
Authors: Ochoa Blanca , Ruiz-González Daniel , Arevalo-Muñoz Erik , Alberdi-Urdalleta Javier , Arruabarrena-Astiazaran Juan Mari , Mujika-Alustiza José Antonio
Published: December 2020

La cavidad de Aizkoltxo se encuentra junto a la orilla del río Deba, próxima a otras cavidades con ocupaciones del Magdaleniense Superior-Final (Agarre, Ermittia, Praileaitz I y Urtiaga). A consecuencia de la actividad de furtivos se decidió realizar un sondeo para evaluar la estratigrafía del yacimiento y contextualizar los restos recuperados. En el curso de dichos trabajos se identificó un nivel atribuible al Magdaleniense Superior-Final, cuyo proceso de formación es poco habitual. En él, además de una abundante industria lítica y ósea datada en 14864-14160 cal BP se localizó el bastón que describimos, que conserva al menos cuatro perforaciones y que está profusamente decorado con motivos figurativos (un ciervo en visión frontal, y dos astas de ciervo además de dos équidos o, quizás, lepóridos) y signos (trazos simples, ahusados, Vs embutidas, Vs paralelas, etc.). Este excepcional objeto, junto a otros frecuentemente señalados, corrobora la estrecha relación de los yacimientos de la Cornisa Cantábrica con los del Golfo de Bizkaia, Pirineo Occidental y Central.
Caracterización morfológica y tecnológica de la cerámica prehistórica del yacimiento arqueológico del Cerro de los Vientos (Puente del Obispo-Baeza, Jaén)
Authors: Fernández Martín Sergio
Published: December 2020

Para la realización de este estudio se ha sometido a análisis morfométrico y tecnológico un conjunto cerámico recuperado de la campaña realizada en el yacimiento arqueológico del Cerro de los Vientos (Puente Obispo-Baeza, Jaén) entre 2014 y 2015. El sitio presenta varias fases de ocupación de época prehistórica y protohistórica. Los investigadores identificaron distintas zonas y recintos compuestos principalmente por estructuras negativas de muy diversa tipología.

Como punto de partida del trabajo se propone la clasificación tipológica de las cerámicas correspondientes a las fases de la Edad del Cobre y Edad del Bronce del asentamiento. Posteriormente los datos se cruzan con una serie de variables tecnológicas y cualitativas, para poder descubrir técnicas de manufactura, uso o reparación de las vasijas. En último término el objetivo es conocer parte de la cadena técnico operativa y el modelo productivo desarrollado.
¿Y los campesinos dónde están? Una propuesta de análisis para el estudio del campesinado y su aplicación en el valle medio del Guadiana durante la I Edad del Hierro
Authors: Rodríguez González Esther
Published: December 2020

El campesinado es quizás una de las figuras sociales menos analizadas en la protohistoria peninsular por el escaso reflejo que su actividad deja en el registro arqueológico. Para contribuir a su conocimiento se propone un esquema de trabajo que reúne la información procedente de las actuaciones arqueológicas, los análisis bioarqueológicos y los estudios de las Áreas de Captación Económica. Dicho esquema ha sido aplicado al estudio de los asentamientos tipo aldea o granja documentados en el tramo medio del Guadiana entre los siglos VII-V a.C. para ensayar su utilidad y así comprender el papel que el campesinado pudo desempeñar en el desarrollo social y económico del poblamiento de esta región durante la I Edad del Hierro.