bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi from rhizosphere of maize plants as potential biological control agents
Authors: NELLY NOVRI , SYAHRAWATI MY , HAMID HASMIANDY , HABAZAR TRIMURTI , GUSNIA DWI NASRI
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Nelly N, Syahrawati MY, Hamid H, Habazar T, Gusnia DN. 2019. Diversity and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi from rhizosphere of maize plants as potential biological control agents. Biodiversitas 20: 1435-1441. The diversity and characters of entomopathogenic fungi in soil are influenced by cultivation techniques. This study aims at determining the characters and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi in maize plant. Materials were extracted from maize plant rhizosphere at different planting system (monoculture, polyculture, and monoculture of corn on formerly oil palm plantation or replanting) in Nagari Koto Baru, Luhak Nan Duo Subdistrict, West Pasaman District, and West Sumatra Province. Insect bait and series dilution were used to carry out the isolation, while Tenebrio molitor larvae were used for the pathogenicity test. Parameters observed include macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi. The result shows that there are three types of entomopathogenic fungi with various features. After identification, it was known that Aspergillus and Metarizium were obtained from mono, polyculture and by replanting crops, while Beauveria was found from the rhizosphere of corn grown in polyculture with pathogenicity identified as one of the high causes of death to larvae T. molitor with LT50 ranging from 48.03-48.48 hours.

Key words: Characterisation, diversity, entomopathogenic fungi, rhizosphere
Differences among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their capability of forming biofilms and their susceptibility to antibiotics
Authors: WAHYUDI DIDIK , AMAN ABU THOLIB , HANDAYANI NIKEN SATUTI NUR , SOETARTO ENDANG SUTARININGSIH
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Wahyudi D, Aman AT, Handayani NSN, Soetarto ES. 2019. Differences among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their capability of forming biofilms and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Biodiversitas 20: 1450-1456. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen capable of causing both acute and chronic infections. The individuals of this bacterium have differences in their capability of forming biofilms.  Biofilm is a collection of bacterial cells attached to the tissue, coated by polysaccharides and extracellular matrix, enabling bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, so infection is difficult to treat.  The aim of this study was to know the differences among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their capability of forming biofilms, and their susceptibility to some antibiotics. The bacteria were isolated from various patient samples at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia, from August to December 2017. The isolates were purified using single cell colony technique.  The bacterial identification and tests of susceptibility to many antibiotic were conducted using automatic equipment (vitex® 2). Test method of biofilm formation was done using the Tissue Culture Plate. The readings of results were monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm and repeated 8 times. DNA isolation was done using Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, and gene identification (pelD and pslA) was done using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and visualization through electrophoresis.  The results showed that of the 64 isolates of P. aeruginosa from blood, sputum, urine, ear middle, urine catheter, pleural fluid, pus, stool, aspirate, and cerebrospinal, 22% were low in forming biofilm, 50% moderate, and 28% high. Isolates of P. aeruginosa were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, tigecycline, nirofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole, but sensitive to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. The genes of pelD and pslA were present in all P. aeruginosa isolates (low, moderate, dan high).   In conclusion, P. aeruginosa clinical isolates had different capability of forming biofilms and susceptibility to antibiotics. Isolates having high ability to form biofilm were relatively more resistant to many antibiotics. They were most sensitive to amikacin and resistant to ampicillin.  There was no difference in the presence of mop pelD and pslA among all isolates.
Latitudinal species diversity and density of cryptic crustacean (Brachyura and Anomura) in micro-habitat Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia
Authors: HAZERI GESTEN , RAHAYU DWI LISTYO , SUBHAN BEGINER , SEMBIRING ANDRIANUS , ANGGORO AJI WAHYU , GHOZALI AHMAD TAUFIK , MADDUPPA HAWIS H
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Hazeri G, Rahayu DL, Subhan B, Sembiring A, Anggoro AW, Ghozali AT, Madduppa HH. 2019. Latitudinal species diversity and density of cryptic crustacean (Brachyura and Anomura) in micro-habitat Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1466-1474. Kepulauan Seribu is located in the north of Jakarta and has historically been affected by anthropogenic activities. Based on its anthropogenic pressure, the archipelago is divided latitudinally into three main parts; the southern part, is a collection of islands located closest to Jakarta Bay and characterized by poor water quality, large sediment and pollutant inputs from nearby rivers, the central and north part that possesses a better water quality. Brachyura and Anomura are dominant crustacean groups in the ocean, which inhabited areas from littoral zone to the deep sea. However, its diversity and abundance are relatively understudied especially in the area where anthropogenic pressure is severe like Kepulauan Seribu.  The ARMS (Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure) is a standardized monitoring method systematically designed for observing indications of organism’s biodiversity in units of time. This research was conducted by employing ARMS as a standardize monitoring procedure to catalog and provide census of Crustaceans (Brachyuran and Anomuran) distributed across the archipelago. All crustacean inhabiting each unit of ARMS were collected and identified. Species diversity was then evaluated to see whether gradient in anthropogenic pressure has a direct impact on species composition and abundance. A total of 24 ARMS units were deployed from 2013 to 2016, located in three zones: south (9), central (9) and north (6) of Kepulauan Seribu. This study identified 17 species from 8 different families of Brachyura and 11 Anomura species from 4 different families from all sites. However, low available identification references for Indonesian crustacean made some specimen were identified only up to family level. The highest species diversity of Brachyura was recorded from family Xanthidae, followed by Portunidae and Pilumnidae, while in Anomura was in Porcellanidae, followed by Paguridae, Galatheidae, and Diogenidae. The high species diversity and density of brachyurans and anomurans were recorded in the central zone. This research infers that the species diversity of Crustaceans (Brachyura dan Anomura) seems dependent on the environmental quality, but most likely all crustacean species depend on the availability of habitat structure.
Spatial distribution of salinity, mud thickness and slope along mangrove ecosystem of the coast of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: MATATULA JERIELS , POEDJIRAHAJOE ERNY , PUDYATMOKO SATYAWAN , SADONO RONGGO
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Matatula J, Poedjirahajoe E, Pudyatmoko S, Sadono R. 2019. Spatial distribution of salinity, mud thickness and slope along mangrove ecosystem of the coast of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1624-1632. Mangrove ecosystem is suffering from continuous damage in terms of quality as well as quantity. Rapid mangrove conversion triggered by the ever-growing human population and activities have affected them adversely and caused mangrove deterioration in the coastal areas of Kupang District, Indonesia. The decline of quality and quantity of mangrove environment has caused highly alarming effects, such as an increase in abrasion, decrease of marine products, and sea-water intrusion. Although various efforts have been deployed for the rehabilitation of mangrove forests, there are no significant results yet. One of the reasons is such efforts are not based on scientific data on suitability of the physico-chemical conditions of the mangrove habitats. The objectives of this study was to analyse the physico-chemical conditions, such as salinity, mud thickness and slope of five selected mangrove locations, namely Tarus, Mata Air, Tanah Merah, Oebelo and Merdeka in Kupang District by systematic sampling method and to prepare spatial distribution maps for each of these parameters. Salinity conditions showed a wide variation in the study locations, starting from 10 ppm to 38.33 ppm. Mud thickness ranged from 20.11 cm to 84.77 cm in the entire study area. The highest mud thickness of 84.77 cm was found in Tanah Merah, followed by Oebelo with the maximum thickness of 74.66 cm, Mata Air with 56.22 cm, Merdeka with 53.66 cm, and the lowest mud thickness was in Tarus with 53.55 cm. Mangrove locations in Kupang District are dominated with 2-3% slope. The study indicated that the habitat conditions in the coastal area of Kupang District are suitable for the growth of mangroves. This study will also provide the basis to plan future mangrove rehabilitation programs in the study area.
Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: DJAMALUDDIN RIGNOLDA
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Djamaluddin R. 2019. Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1713-1720. Seasonal diameter growth patterns in mangrove are often related to rainfall, temperature and moisture regime. At any localities, specific environmental factors may influence growth rate of individual trees. I asked whether stem growth of tropical mangrove in BNP is constant over a year, and whether stem growth rates are different by sites, species, and trees of the same species. Dendrometer bands were installed on trees from twelve different sites in BNP to measure stem growth rates. Measurements were made at two months intervals from July 1999 to June 2001 and March 2014 to December 2016. Growth rates measured in trees at the twelve sites varied significantly from 0.83 ± 0.27 to 1.71 ± 0.31 mm month-1. Growth rates were higher on Sonneratia alba (1.65 ± 0.69 mm month-1), low on Rhizophora stylosa, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal (0.82 ± 0.16, 0.82 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.18, 0.88 ± 0.28 mm month-1, respectively), and medium on Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata (1.19 ± 0.16, 1.22 ± 0.69, 1.25 ± 0.49, 1.31 ± 0.22 mm month-1, respectively). Statistically, growth rates were higher in trees with initial girths more than 50 cm compared to trees with initial girth less than 50 cm on B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, and R. mucronata, but these were slower for R. apiculata and S. alba. Between individual trees in six species tested, the differences in diameter growth rate were statistically significant. Growth rates varied among different site conditions, and the effect of soil water salinity on these was significant at higher intertidal sites. Growth rates exhibited seasonal patterns, and these were correlated positively with rainfall and negatively with temperature. The effect of the 2015-2016 El Nino was significant on reduced growth rates.
Old wine, new bottle: Theatre design and transnational hybridity in Ọlóbà dance of Adó–Èkìtì, Nigeria
Authors: Adéoyè Michael Adérèmí
Published: June 2019

Using the Ọlóbà ritual dance of Adó–Èkìtì, in the Èkìtì–Yorùbá region of Nigeria as an example, this study examines the contextual shift in the visual realization of the African dance as evidence of transnationalism. The Ọlóbà tradition, as old as the Adó–Èkìtì town, is intended for cleansing the community to ward off evil. However, the visible matters that constitute the visual designs in the ritual process are gradually losing touch with the African tradition. Traditional props in the Ọlóbà performance are now being replaced by factory–made accessories, making it a hybrid of transnational cultures. Recent studies have focused on the aesthetics of the Ọlóbà dance, without paying adequate attention to the influence of transnationalism in the design elements. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the traditional African dance, today, is faced with complex contemporary realities that tend to redefine it. Based on Roland Barthes’s intertextuality and a combination of case study and survey research designs, data was collected through in–depth and key informant interviews. Using content analysis, the study concludes that the survival of traditional African dance compels it to use material constituents that characterize it as a hybrid of multiple transnational cultures.
Los paisajes áridos abarrancados como recurso turístico
Authors: Belmonte Serrato Francisco , Romero Díaz Asunción , Ballesteros Pelegrín Gustavo Alfonso
Published: June 2019

Los paisajes abarrancados, presentes en todo el mundo, en algunos lugares por sus particulares características, constituyen recursos turísticos y algunos de ellos han sido declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO. Los objetivos principales de este trabajo han sido: analizar la importancia de las áreas abarrancadas en la Región de Murcia; hacer una selección de los principales paisajes de badland en la Región, mostrar en estas áreas sus valores y proponerlos como recursos turísticos, considerando sus potencialidades y amenazas que sufren o pueden sufrir. En las áreas seleccionadas se han comparado los valores geológicos, geomorfológicos, paisajísticos, educativos y culturales, diferenciando entre las intensamente intervenidas por la actividad agrícola y las que han mantenido una evolución seminatural. Se ha realizado un análisis DAFO de dichas áreas. Y se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación aplicando los criterios específicos de: i) valor científico y educativo; ii) accesibilidad; y iii) valor turístico. Cada criterio se evaluó según una escala de tres puntos y diferente grado. Los resultados muestran que las cinco áreas estudiadas poseen suficientes valores como para convertirse en áreas de gran interés geoturístico. No obstante, es necesario implementar medias de divulgación y concienciación de dichos valores, entre la población regional y las distintas administraciones, que permitan minimizar las amenazas y potencien las fortalezas.
Aquisição de pequenas empresas: um estudo sobre o setor biofarmacêutico
Authors: De Matos Murilo Montanari
Published: June 2019

Este artigo propõe analisar, com base em dados de patentes, um conjunto de fusões e aquisições (F&A) entre grandes empresas farmacêuticas e pequenas empresas de biotecnologia, no período de 2005 a 2012. O artigo começa discutindo o papel das F&A motivadas por aspectos tecnológicos e, dessa forma, estabelece a importância das pequenas empresas como fontes de novas tecnologias às grandes empresas. Por meio desta discussão, é mostrada a crescente relação entre as biotecnologias e o processo inovativo na indústria farmacêutica, que leva à incorporação das pequenas empresas de biotecnologia. Assim, o artigo deixa evidente que as aquisições são uma importante fonte de novas tecnologias para as grandes empresas. Como conclusão, se observa que as aquisições geram um relevante output tecnológico às grandes empresas farmacêuticas tornando as pequenas empresas fontes de novas tecnologias em etapas iniciais de desenvolvimento.
Família, escola e desempenho dos alunos
Authors: Dos Santos Mateus Mota , Mariano Francisca Zilania
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho busca avaliar a importância dos incentivos e da participação dos pais na educação dos filhos, além de verificar o efeito-escola entre as instituições públicas e privadas no estado do Ceará sobre o desempenho dos alunos. Visando isolar os efeitos dos incentivos e da escola de outros fatores que possam afetar os resultados, utilizou-se o método de pareamento por algoritmo CEM (CoarsenedExactMatching), desenvolvido por Iacus, King e Porro (2008), o qual reduz o desequilíbrio na distribuição empírica entre tratados e controles. Os resultados mostram que a efetividade do envolvimento parental na educação dos filhos entra em declínio na passagem do ensino fundamental para o ensino médio, sugerindo mudanças nas estratégias de incentivos e de relações entre pais e filhos na fase da adolescência. Em relação ao efeito entre os dois setores de ensino, observou-se que, na proficiência de português, o efeito-escola, em benefício das privadas, diminui em níveis mais elevados de educação, enquanto, em matemática, o maior impacto foi verificado no fundamental II.
Impactos da dependência de insumos importados sobre a geração de emprego na indústria brasileira entre 1995 e 2008
Authors: Mortari Valéria Silva , Oliveira Maria Aparecida Silva
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho analisa a variação do emprego industrial brasileiro que decorre da crescente inserção de insumos importados à produção. Para atender o objetivo de pesquisa empregou-se o método de análise insumo-produto, o qual permitirá identificar quais setores que, pela troca de fornecedores internos por externos, apresentaram uma variação negativa de postos de trabalho. Observou-se que o período mais custoso em relação à variação de emprego foi o de 1995-1999, em que o efeito positivo da demanda final foi relativamente baixo para sobrepor-se aos efeitos de mudança tecnológica e da substituição de insumos nacionais que no geral foram negativos e elevados.
Transmissão de risco entre os índices setoriais do Ibovespa: uma aplicação do teste de causalidade em variância
Authors: Almeida Helberte João França , Neto José Emanuel Camargo , Giovanini Adilson , Saath Kleverton Clovis Oliveira
Published: June 2019

A atual globalização financeira permite uma forte ligação entre os mercados e uma alta velocidade de deslocamento do capital. No caso de países emergentes, esse deslocamento é intensificado de maneira regional, ou seja, entre os setores do próprio país. Assim, o presente estudo busca avaliar a transmissão de risco entre os índices setoriais do Ibovespa utilizando a abordagem de causalidade em variância. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a causalidade entre os ativos é, em geral, bidirecional, o que vai ao encontro da teoria. Além disso, em momentos de crise há maior volatilidade entre os ativos financeiros, proporcionando o aumento de transmissão de risco entre os mercados.
Análise da conformação da trajetória tecnológica de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas, a partir da perspectiva teórica neo-schumpeteriana
Authors: Borges William Jose , Cario Silvio Antônio Ferraz , Souza Jose Paulo de
Published: June 2019

Neste trabalho, objetiva-se compreender como as empresas, pertencentes à indústria de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas no Brasil, respondem aos estímulos que a dinâmica inovativa exerce na conformação da trajetória tecnológica. Para cumprir com o objetivo proposto, esta pesquisa configura-se como teórica/empírica de base neo-schumpeteriana, de natureza qualitativa e do tipo descritiva. Como resultado, a forma que as empresas encontraram para lidar com isso foi apropriar-se dos avanços tecnológicos existentes, gerir mecanismos de aprendizado, realizar esforços de capacitação inovativos e estratégias empresariais que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas automotrizes.
El dictamen de capacidades dentro del procedimiento del Reconocimiento Legal de la Discapacidad: la experiencia en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Fuentes García-Romero de Tejada Carlos de , Sevillano Martín Juan Manuel
Published: June 2019

La Ley General de derechos de las personas con discapacidad y de su inclusión social de 2013 en su artículo 12.3.a) trata por primera vez sobre la emisión de un posible dictamen de capacidades en el proceso de calificación y reconocimiento del grado de discapacidad. Los Centros Base de la Comunidad de Madrid llevan realizando este dictamen desde hace algunos años y no sólo se fijan en las limitaciones sino también recaban las capacidades y las fortalezas de las personas que atienden muy en la línea de la Convención de Naciones Unidas de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de 2006. El presente artículo analiza esta experiencia para concluir que esta herramienta puede ser muy interesante para lograr una mejor orientación laboral de las personas con discapacidad y facilitar la accesibilidad y adaptación de puestos de trabajo y, por ello, debería generalizarse su uso.
Corruption as a Social Phenomenon: Problems and Prospects for Combating Corruption
Authors: AKHMETOV Arman Serikovich , ZHAMULDINOV Victor Nikolaevich , KOMAROV Oleg Evgenievich
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive study and analysis of existing scientific approaches to the study of corruption as a social phenomenon, as well as to develop certain recommendations for preventing and combating corruption manifestations. The methodological basis of this work is formed by both general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The presented scientific approaches to the study of corruption as a social phenomenon made it possible to develop an author’s justified position based on the existing achievements of the research community in the nature and essence of corruption. Based on domestic and foreign sources, the research allowed us to analyze the main issues of studying corruption as a social phenomenon, to identify a number of factors that are prerequisites for the emergence and development of corruption manifestations in society, as well as to develop a number of measures, which will help to combat corruption. The process of eradicating corruption is possible only through the joint work of the state, society, various civil society institutions and, ultimately, every citizen, who is responsible for his/her own actions and takes an active part in the anti-corruption policy of the state.
Current Problems Faced by Russia in the State-Legal Policy in Social Partnership in the Labor Field
Authors: BAIEVA Nataliya Anatolyevna , BURKIN Dmitriy Olegovich , VYSHESLAVOVA Tatyana Fedorovna , LUKINOVA Svetlana Alekseevna
Published: June 2019

In this article, the authors consider the basics of Russia’s current state-legal policy pursued in the field of social partnership, analyze basic international legal and national statutory and legal acts, which regulate social partnership in the labor field. The authors reveal the social and legal significance of social partnership between employees and employers for the benefit of the sustainable development of the society’s economy, problems related to the establishment and implementation of Russia’s state-legal policy in the modern conditions. The article puts a special emphasis on the analysis of peculiarities related to the development of laws in the constituent entities of Russia on social partnership in the field of social labor on the example of statutory acts adopted in the Stavropol region. In addition, the authors pay sufficient attention to bringing to light the principles of social partnership in the labor field and its primary forms (collective negotiations over the signing of collective contracts and agreements). The article reveals problems that Russia currently faces in pursuing the social partnership policy in the laborfield and substantiates proposals for solving them.
The Admissibility of Statements Provided by an Accused Person in the Russian Criminal Procedure
Authors: KOSTENKO Roman , YURIEV Georgii
Published: June 2019

This article substantiates that compliance with the requirement of admissible evidence acquires special significance for a criminal proceedings, which is proved by the analysis of various sources, including the current edition of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the article aims to determine the nature of admissible statements of the accused in the Russian criminal procedure as one of the most important types of legal evidence.

The authors of the article have obtained crucial results for the study of criminal proceedings, defined the basic requirements that should be met by admissible statements of an accused person, analyzed rules for admitting statements of the accused, performed their general characterization and formulated the main provisions defining the essence of statements provided by the accused in criminal proceedings. The main conclusion reached in this article is that the admissibility of statements provided by the accused should comply with the following basic rules: (1) the rule of appropriate subjects authorized by virtue of the existing Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation to carry out procedural actions for collecting (obtaining, recording) evidence; (2) the rule of proper information sources on the facts provided for by the current Criminal Procedure Code; (3) the rule of proper proceedings stipulated by the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation for collecting (receiving, recording) evidence; (4) the rule of the proper procedure provided for by the current Criminal Procedure Code for collecting (receiving, recording) evidence from the viewpoint of its proper obtaining is considered as the need to comply with requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code.
The Obstacles of Labor Inspection in Protecting Workers’ Rights in Indonesia
Authors: SANTOSO Budi
Published: June 2019

Labor inspection system is the fundamental function of labor law enforcement and effective compliance. Nevertheless, the lack of the system contributes to difficulties in promoting labor law compliance. This article aims to analyze the obstacles of labor inspection in Indonesia during the function be conducted by the district/regency government. By using descriptive and analytical methods, it can be concluded that there are some obstacles faced by the labor inspectors in the district/regency level in order to protect the workers’ rights. Those are the labor inspection planning is not going well, the stages of labor inspection process are not enforced, the number of labor inspector is not comparable with the number of companies that must be inspected, some the district/regency employment offices does not have civil servant investigators, intervention by local officials, no rotation of work area of the labor inspectors, most companies are small enterprises, and overlapping duties between labor Inspectors and mediators on advisory duty. These obstacles have caused the rights of workers to be less protected.
A life cycle assessment model for quantification of environmental footprints of a 3.6 kWp photovoltaic system in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Alam Chowdhury Sadid , Ahsan TM Abir
Published: June 2019

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an extremely useful tool to assess the environmental impacts of a solar photovoltaic system throughout its entire life. This tool can help in making sustainable decisions. A solar PV system does not have any operational emissions as it is free from fossil fuel use during its operation. However, considerable amount of energy is used to manufacture and transport the components (e.g. PV panels, batteries, charge regulator, inverter, supporting structure, etc.) of the PV system. This study aims to perform a comprehensive and independent life cycle assessment of a 3.6 kWp solar photovoltaic system in Bangladesh. The primary energy consumption, resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4, N2O, and CO2), and energy payback time (EPBT) were evaluated over the entire life cycle of the photovoltaic system. The batteries and the PV modules are the most GHG intensive components of the system. About 31.90% of the total energy is consumed to manufacture the poly-crystalline PV modules. The total life cycle energy use and resulting GHG emissions were found to be 76.27 MWhth and 0.17 kg-CO2eq/kWh, respectively. This study suggests that 5.34 years will be required to generate the equivalent amount of energy which is consumed over the entire life of the PV system considered. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to see the impact of various input parameters on the life cycle result. The other popular electricity generation systems such as gas generator, diesel generator, wind, and Bangladeshi grid were compared with the PV system. The result shows that electricity generation by solar PV system is much more environmentally friendly than the fossil fuel-based electricity generation. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
A novel single input double output (SIDO) converter for torque ripple minimization in solar powered BLDC motor
Authors: Kommula Bapayya Naidu , Kota Venkata Reddy
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a new converter topology for torque ripple reduction in Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Due to the torque ripple problem, the use of this motor is limited to few applications. In this paper, a Single Input Double Output (SIDO) converter is proposed to suppress the torque ripple in BLDC motor. The proposed SIDO converter provides two output voltages. One for supplying the motor throughout conduction time and second output voltage is given to the non-commutating phase of motor during commutation instants. This proposed SIDO converter is fed from Photo Voltaic (PV) system. This paper also presents a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on trisection of Power-Voltage characteristics (TPVC) to attain the maximum power from the PV system. This scheme takes only 7 iterations to reach MPP. The intended configuration is developed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The results justify the superiority of proposed scheme that minimizes torque ripple in BLDC motor to only 6 to 12% from 50 to 80 % in conventional scheme and also extracts maximum power from PV system. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Produksi Hidrogen Melalui Reaksi Komposit Al/Al2O3 Hasil Canai Dingin dengan Larutan NaOH
Authors: Alhamidi Ali , Arti Zilla Mala , Satria Dhimas
Published: June 2019

Produksi hidrogen melalui reaksi Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) hasil canai dingin dengan NaOH atau air telah diteliti. Seperti diketahui bahwa aluminium (Al) dengan air pada umumnya memiliki masalah karena hadirnya lapisan oksida pada permukaanya sehingga perlu dihilangkan untuk meningkatkan reaksi hidrolisis aluminium untuk menghasilkan hidrogen. Hasil didapatkan bahwa reaksi langsung terjadi antara Al/Al2O3 dan NaOH. Hasil tertinggi perolehan hidrogen per satuan volume dari Al/Al2O3 adalah 0,660 mL/min. Ini menunjukan bahwa keberadaan lapisan oksida tipis sebagai lapisan pasif dapat dikurangi. Dalam penelitian ini Al/Al2O3 dipelajari setelah canai dingin dengan reduksi 40%, 50% dan 60%. Analisis SEM-EDAX menunjukkan bahwa senyawa AlMgSi, Oxygen, AlSi dan Al2O3 napak hadir. Analisis peak XRD menghasilkan bahwa kerapatan dislokasi meningkat dengan meningkatnya persen reduksi. Pengukuran kapasitas hidrogen menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Al2O3 dan peningkatan kerapatan dislokasi untuk sampel setelah canai dingin memfasilitasi untuk produksi hidrogen melalui reaksi dengan NaOH. Hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa canai dingin dan hadirnya Al2O3 adalah faktor utama dalam menentukan reaktivitas reaksi hidrolisis partikel Al.
Rhodium influence on the microstructure and oxidation behaviour of aluminide coatings deposited on pure nickel and nickel based superalloy
Authors: Zagula-Yavorska Maryana
Published: June 2019

The rhodium 0,5 μm thick layer was deposited on pure nickel and CMSX 4 Ni-based superalloy using the electroplating method. The rhodium coated substrates were aluminized by the CVD method. Oxidation resistance of nonmodified and rhodium modified coatings deposited both on nickel and CMSX 4 superalloy was compared. The triple-layer structure of rhodium modified coatings deposited on pure nickel was found. The β-(Ni,Rh)Al, rhodium doped γ'-Ni3Al and rhodium doped γ-Ni(Al) phases were the main components of the coatings on pure nickel. Two layers – additive and interdiffusion ones were identified in coatings deposited on CMSX 4 superalloy. TEM, SEM and XRD analysis revealed that β-(Ni,Rh)Al phase was the main component of the additive layer. Moreover Topologically Closed-Pack σ phases containing refractory elements in the β-(Ni,Rh)Al matrix of the interdiffusion layer were found. The rhodium modified aluminide coatings have better oxidation resistance than the nonmodified ones both on the pure nickel and CMSX 4 superalloy.
Simple Quasi-Bayes Approach for Modeling Mean Medical Costs
Authors: Yoon Grace , Jiang Wenxin , Liu Lei , Shih Ya-Chen Tina
Published: June 2019

Several statistical issues associated with health care costs, such as heteroscedasticity and severe skewness, make it challenging to estimate or predict medical costs. When the interest is modeling the mean cost, it is desirable to make no assumption on the density function or higher order moments. Another challenge in developing cost prediction models is the presence of many covariates, making it necessary to apply variable selection methods to achieve a balance of prediction accuracy and model simplicity. We propose Spike-or-Slab priors for Bayesian variable selection based on asymptotic normal estimates of the full model parameters that are consistent as long as the assumption on the mean cost is satisfied. In addition, the scope of model searching can be reduced by ranking the Z-statistics. This method possesses four advantages simultaneously: robust (due to avoiding assumptions on the density function or higher order moments), parsimonious (feature of variable selection), informative (due to its Bayesian flavor, which can compare posterior probabilities of candidate models) and efficient (by reducing model searching scope with the use of Z-ranking). We apply this method to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey dataset.
Vom Schein des Rechten getäuscht?
Authors: Walger Nicole , Walger Nadine
Published: June 2019

Im Sommer 2018 sorgten Medienberichte von NDR, WDR, Süddeutsche Zeitung, SZ Magazin und weiteren anerkannten nationalen und internationalen Medien für einen nicht unbeträchtlichen Aufruhr, als sie berichteten, dass mehrere hunderttausende Forschende ihre Forschungsergebnisse bei scheinwissenschaftlichen Verlagen, sogenannten Raubverlagen, Open Access, jedoch nicht qualitätsgeprüft veröffentlichten. Warum publizieren Forschende in Raubjournalen? Wie groß ist das Ausmaß in der Wissenschaft tatsächlich? Welches Vorgehen kennzeichnet die scheinwissenschaftlichen Verlage? Und: wem schaden sie und was kann gegen sie unternommen werden? Mit diesen Fragen wird sich im vorliegenden Beitrag beschäftigt.
Effect ofGmelina arboreaon learning and memory in amnesia-induced and non-amnesia groups of albino Wistar rats
Authors: Sori Ravi , Poojar Basavaraj , Hodlur Nandan , Gandigawad Priya
Published: June 2019

Background

The brain is the centre of the nervous system in all vertebrates. The central cholinergic pathways play a prominent role in learning and memory processes. Dementia is a mental disorder characterized by the loss of intellectual ability, which invariably involves the impairment of memory. The crude extracts of theGmelina arboreaplant are reported to possess wound-healing, anti-diarrheal, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-ulcer property. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects ofG. arboreaon learning and memory in albino Wistar rats.

Methods

A total of 36 healthy rats were selected for the study, which were divided in to six groups. Standard screening tests such as the elevated plus maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and step-down passive avoidance (SDA) tests were used for testing the learning and memory processes.

Results

Gmelina arboreaat higher doses (1000 mg/kg) showed statistically significant activity in EPM, MWM, and SDA tests for assessing the learning and memory paradigms when compared to the control group in amnesia-induced and non-amnesia groups of rats.

Conclusions

This is the first ever study to report the effects ofG. arboreaon learning and memory in both amnesia-induced and non-amnesia groups of rats. Our results show thatG. arboreapotentiates the processes of learning and memory. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and revalidated by clinical trials.
Patents, Invention and Democracy in Britain and the United States to 1852
Authors: Bottomley Sean
Published: June 2019

This paper surveys the American and British patent systems in the period prior to the latter’s reform in 1852 and coinciding with the period of the first industrial revolution. It has been suggested that the British system’s archaic application procedure, extortionately high fees and hostile courts were indicative of an oligarchic socio-political system that purposively sought to restrict access to patent protection, as was apparently typical across Europe. Conversely, the American system was an open and democratic one, intended to provide patent protection to as many sections of society as possible. This paper argues for a less stylized comparison. British courts were not so hostile to patents (and patentees) as has been commonly supposed. Neither was it so difficult to obtain patent protection: for all its faults, the evidence that the British patent system was designed to restrict access to its provisions is nugatory. Consequently, explanations for America’s technological catch-up and eventual supplantation of Britain and Europe as global technological leader cannot invoke ‘superior’ patent institutions as a contributory factor.
The Patent System during the French Industrial Revolution: Institutional Change and Economic Effects
Authors: Galvez-Behar Gabriel
Published: June 2019

The influence of the patent system on the economic performance of Western countries during the Industrial Revolution is an important but difficult question to address. With the United Kingdom and the United States, France was one of the first countries to adopt a modern patent legislation in 1791. The aim of this paper is to understand the paradox of such a system, which was based on a democratic and natural-right conception of invention but turned out to be restrictive. It analyses the legal framework and its evolution from 1791 to the late 1850s and reveals its contradictory aspects: a natural right inspiration vs a restrictive access due to the cost of the patent. It shows how the 1844 Patent Act reform did not end the criticism of the French patent system. Then, in a second part, it considers the diffusion of patents in time, in different regions and industries and stresses the heterogeneity of the patent system.
Seeking International Coordination: The Norwegian Patent Law of 1885
Authors: Basberg Bjørn L.
Published: June 2019

During the 1870s and 80s many countries revised their national patent laws. This was also a period when international co-operation was intensified to reach an agreement on patent legislation. It culminated in the Paris Patent Convention of 1880, leading to an increased harmonization of the various national patent laws. In Norway the revision of the patent law was set in motion in the 1870s, culminating in a new law in 1885. The paper analyses this process, and in particular how it related to legislative work that went on abroad.
ELF and migrant categorization at family clinics in Finland
Authors: Iikkanen Päivi
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine how nurses in family clinics use language, and clients’ perceived English proficiency in particular, when categorizing their non-Finnish-speaking clients in their talk. Through membership categorization analysis (Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2007. A tutorial on membership categorization. Journal of Pragmatics 39(3). 462–482), this study shows that perceived proficiency in English, along with migration status and reliance on the native English speaker norm, seemed to be the most decisive elements in how the nurses categorized their migrant clients. The findings demonstrate the power of categorization as an instrument in institutional decision-making and highlight the role language plays in these categorizations. In particular, the study shows how influential perceived English language proficiency and the native speaker norm are in how nurses categorize their migrant clients. The findings suggest that being able to interact with clients in English is becoming a more and more important skill in working life in Finland, also in the health care sector. It would be important to understand how influential perceived language proficiency is in the way nurses conceptualize their clients, and to what extent this relates to the standard language ideology (Milroy, James. 2001. Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5. 530–555).
Development Cooperation to Ensure that none be Left Behind
Authors: Alonso José Antonio
Published: June 2019

The development cooperation system is undergoing a dramatic process of change. New actors are on stage, new instruments (beyond ODA) are being used, and the fields of work have been clearly widened. The enlargement of the development cooperation system is in line with the ambitious and comprehensive 2030 Agenda. However, those changes also imply massive tensions and challenges to the current development cooperation system in terms of its objectives, procedures and narrative. This paper presents some of these challenges in light of the “leaving no-one behind” mandate. The paper discusses, firstly, how the development cooperation system can be brought up to date, taking into account massive changes in the international landscape; secondly, it argues why development cooperation may be still useful and effective in supporting an Agenda that goes beyond ODA; and finally, it discusses some dilemmas around the way in which resources should be allocated in order to preserve the distributive purpose of development cooperation.
On recovering a Sturm–Liouville-type operator with the frozen argument rationally proportioned to the interval length
Authors: Buterin Sergey A. , Vasiliev Sergey V.
Published: June 2019

We consider the operatorℓy:=-y′′(x)+q(x)y(a){\ell y\mathrel{\mathop{:}}=-y^{\prime\prime}(x)+q(x)y(a)},0<x<π{0<x<\pi},y⁢(0)=y⁢(π)=0{y(0)=y(\pi)=0}, whereq⁢(x)∈L2⁢(0,π){q(x)\in L_{2}(0,\pi)}is a complex-valued function anda/π∈[0,1]{a/\pi\in[0,1]}is a rational number. The inverse problem of recovering the potentialq⁢(x){q(x)}from the spectrum ofℓ{\ell}is studied. We describe the sets of iso-spectral potentials and prove the uniqueness theorem in the class of potentials possessing some symmetry-type property. Moreover, we obtain a constructive procedure for solving this inverse problem along with necessary and sufficient conditions of its solvability, which in turn give the characterization of the spectrum. In parallel, we establish that the informativity of the spectrum is severely unstable with respect to the parametera.
Thermodynamic Merger of Fluctuation Theorem and Principle of Least Action: Case of Rayleigh–Taylor Instability
Authors: Mahulikar Shripad P. , Sengupta Tapan K. , Sharma Nidhi , Rastogi Pallavi
Published: June 2019

Entropy fluctuations with time occur in finite-sized time-evolving dissipative systems. There is a need to comprehend the role of these fluctuations on the fluctuations-averaged entropy generation rate, over a large enough observation time interval. In this non-equilibrium thermodynamic investigation, the Fluctuation Theorem (FT) and Principle of Least Action are re-visited to articulate their implications for dissipative systems. The Principle of Maximum Entropy Production (MaxEP: the entropy generation rate of a dissipative system is maximized by paths of least action) is conceptually identified as the Principle of Least Action for dissipative systems. A Thermodynamic Fusion Theorem that merges the FT and the MaxEP is introduced for addressing the role of fluctuations in entropy production. It identifies “entropy fluctuations” as the “least-action path” for maximizing the time-averaged entropy production in a dissipative system. The validity of this introduced theorem is demonstrated for the case of entropy fluctuations in Rayleigh–Taylor flow instability.
Nearly half of all severe fetal anomalies can be detected by first-trimester screening in experts’ hands
Authors: Chen Frank C.-K. , Bacovsky Alexandra , Entezami Michael , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the detection rate of severe fetal anomalies at the first-trimester screening (FTS) and, vice versa, to evaluate the follow-up of pathological results at FTS at the time of mid-trimester screening (MTS) and throughout pregnancy and delivery in a partially selected population of low-risk pregnancies.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study on the detection of severe fetal anomalies at routine FTS in 9891 pregnant women with 10,294 fetuses between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. The findings of FTS were compared to the results of MTS and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Only cases with severe fetal anomalies were taken for statistical analysis in this study.

Results

There were 232 cases of fetal anomaly altogether. At the time of FTS, sonographic anomalies were diagnosed in 113 cases and further ultrasound controls arranged. In four cases, fetal anomaly was not confirmed by MTS; in the remaining 109 cases, the sonographic anomaly seen at FTS was confirmed at MTS and in the course of pregnancy with a resulting sensitivity for fetal malformation at FTS of 47.8%, a specificity of 99.96%, a positive predictive value of 96.5% and a negative predictive value of 98.8%.

Conclusion

FTS can detect almost half of all severe fetal anomalies at an early stage of pregnancy with positive predictive values of 90% and more. Sensitivities varied depending on the organ system and reached the highest figures for anomalies of the heart, the abdomen, the spine and the skeletal system.
The Sphinx and the She-Wolf: Some Remarks on Aetolian Politics after the Antiochian War
Authors: Mitropoulos Giorgos S.
Published: June 2019

This article aims to examine the turbulent course of the Aetolian League in the confused years after the Antiochian War (191–188) up until 160/159, when its leader at the time, Lykiskos, passed away. Military defeats, political developments and economic problems will be studied together in order to form an accurate interpretation of the internal strife inside theKoinon. In addition, the factor of Rome also needs to be taken into consideration, as the new power seems to have adopted a cautious stance, intervening in the League’s internal politics only when it was considered necessary. Prominent (and relatively neglected in the modern literature) Aetolians of this era, like Thoas and Lykiskos, as well as their crucial political roles, are also analysed.
A note on the structure of a finite group G having a subgroup H maximal in 〈H, Hg〉
Authors: Xu Yong , Li Xianhua , Chen Guiyun
Published: June 2019

Let G be a finite group and H ≤ G. The authors study the structure of finite groups G having a subgroup H which is maximal in 〈H, Hg〉 for some g ∈ G. Some results on the structure of 〈H, Hg〉 and G are set up. Especially, a generalization of Baer′s theorem is established.
Recruitment in the Times of Machine Learning
Authors: Rąb-Kettler Karolina , Lehnervp Bada
Published: June 2019

How do socio-economic change and technological revolution change the way we manage people. How does the development of AI (Artificial Intelligence) affect the process of talent acquisition? The author will present the concepts of technological unemployment, creative class, millennials (generation Y), humanistic management, sustainable development, CSR and new managerial models in light of current social changes. Humanistic management as a broader concept, and humanistic talent attraction as its direct implication, will be presented as an answer to the current technological development. The author presents a narrower topic of human resources management but sees potential in the topic to develop a discussion on future of work in a broader sense.