bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balloon-mounted versus self-expandable stent in failed neurothrombectomy: a post hoc analysis of the SAINT study
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Martins Pedro N , Aboul-Nour Hassan , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Hassan Ameer E , Tekle Wondwossen , Fifi Johanna T , Majidi Shahram , Kuybu Okkes , Gross Bradley A , Lang Michael , Cortez Gustavo M , Hanel Ricardo A , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Tarek Mohamed A , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Zevallos Cynthia B , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Sheth Sunil A , Nahhas Michael , Salazar-Marioni Sergio , Nguyen Thanh N , Abdalkader Mohamad , Klein Piers , Hafeez Muhammad , Kan Peter , Tanweer Omar , Khaldi Ahmad , Li Hanzhou , Jumaa Mouhammad , Zaidi Syed F , Oliver Marion , Salem Mohamed M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Pukenas Bryan , Vigilante Nicholas , Penckofer Mary , Siegler James E , Peng Sophia , Alaraj Ali , Grossberg Jonathan A , Nogueira Raul , Haussen Diogo C
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have shown that when thrombectomy has failed, rescue intracranial stenting is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with failed reperfusion. However, comparative data regarding stent type are lacking.

Objective

To compare the procedural and clinical outcomes of balloon-mounted stents (BMS) with those of self-expandable stents (SES).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database from the Stenting and Angioplasty in NeuroThrombectomy (SAINT) consortium. Patients were included if thrombectomy had failed and they then underwent rescue emergency stenting. Patients treated with SES or BMS were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The primary outcome was the final reperfusion as measured by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) Scale. Safety measures included rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, procedural complications, and 90-day mortality.

Results

A total of 328 patients were included. Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics were well balanced among both groups. The BMS group (n=127) had higher rates of successful reperfusion (94.5% vs 86.6%, aOR=4.23, 95% CI 1.57 to 11.37, P=0.004) and increased likelihood of higher degree of final reperfusion on the mTICI Scale (acOR=2.06, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.57, P=0.01) than the SES group (n=201). No difference in modified Rankin Scale shift (acOR=0.98, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.79, P=0.95), rates of mRS0–2 (26% vs 36%, aOR=0.93, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.88, P=0.83) and mRS0–3 (43% vs 50%, aOR=0.92, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.66, P=0.77) at 90 days were noted. Safety measures were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates higher reperfusion rates with BMS than with SES in failed thrombectomy procedures that involved rescue stenting. No differences in hemorrhagic complications or clinical outcomes were noted. Further larger controlled studies are warranted.
Impact of porcelain aorta on outcomes in transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with balloon-expandable valves
Authors: Lauten Philipp , Kreutz Julian , Costello-Boerrigter Lisa C , Schreiber Mathias , Boerrigter Guido , Albert Christian , El Garhy Mohammad , Göbel Björn , Schieffer Bernhard , Lapp Harald , Owais Tamer , Kuntze Thomas , Markus Birgit
Published: January 2025

Background

Current guidelines recommend transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for patients with aortic stenosis and porcelain aorta (PA). Neurological outcomes of patients with PA undergoing TAVI with modern valves require clarification as most trials examined balloon-expandable valves (BEV) and self-expandable valves in intermediate or high-risk patients, but not specifically in patients with PA. Our aim was to compare outcomes, including stroke and mortality, in well-matched patients with and without PA who received BEV during transfemoral TAVI procedures.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing TAVI were entered into a registry. For this single-centre (Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Germany), retrospective analysis, we only selected patients who received BEV. PA diagnosis was made when non-contrast axial CT images fulfilled Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria for PA. There was 2:1 nearest neighbour matching of patients without and with PA. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality or stroke within 72 hours. Secondary outcome measures were 30-day mortality, stroke within 72 hours, technical success and 30-day device success.

Results

After matching patients with (n=141) and without PA (n=282), the primary outcome of mortality at <30 days or stroke within 72 hours was higher in PA versus non-PA (7.8% vs 2.5%; OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.25 to 8.85); p=0.019). With regard to secondary outcomes, PA was not associated with mortality at 30 days (4.3% vs 2.1%; OR 2.04 (95% CI 0.65 to 6.48); p=0.23); however, stroke within 72 hours was significantly higher in PA versus non-PA (3.5% vs 0.4%; OR 10.33 (95% CI 1.17 to 91.12); p=0.017). Technical and device success were uninfluenced by PA.

Conclusions

Transfemoral TAVI with BEV in patients with PA was associated with a higher risk of the primary combined endpoint of mortality at 30 days or stroke within 72 hours, which was primarily driven by stroke within 72 hours. These findings might influence cerebral embolic protection device use in patients with PA.
Efficacy and safety of anti-thrombotic therapy after surgical mitral valve repair: a scoping review
Authors: Babadagli Hazal Ece , Ye Jian , Chen Jenny , Turgeon Ricky , Wang Erica HZ
Published: January 2025

Background

Mitral valve repair (MVr) is the gold standard treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation, yet there is ongoing controversy regarding optimal anti-thrombotic therapy post-MVr. This scoping review aimed to summarise current evidence on the safety and efficacy of anti-thrombotic therapy after MVr, identify knowledge gaps and propose a future study design.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and bibliographies of included trials, guidelines and other reviews from inception to 17 September 2024. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and cohort and case-control studies assessing any anti-thrombotic therapy with any outcomes after MVr were included. Using a predefined collection form, two authors independently extracted data on study characteristics and results were summarised narratively into themes based on the PICO elements.

Results

Of 1296 screened references, we included 11 studies (10 cohort and one non-inferiority RCT). All studies compared vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to an anti-platelet, direct oral anti-coagulant or no anti-thrombotic therapy for median duration of 90 days. Thromboembolic and bleeding event incidences ranged from 0% to 14.3% and 0% to 9.1%, respectively. Seven studies reported no difference in thromboembolic events, and three reported reduced rates with VKA compared with control, while results for bleeding events varied widely. The RCT found edoxaban was non-inferior to warfarin for thromboembolic outcomes, but not for bleeding. Substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity, high risk of bias and insufficient mitigation of confounders, such as concomitant atrial fibrillation, were prevalent across studies.

Conclusion

Based on this scoping review, existing literature on anti-thrombotic therapy after MVr is inconclusive due to design limitations. We proposed a study design for a pragmatic RCT that addresses prior study limitations and that could provide definitive evidence to guide anti-thrombotic management in MVr patients.
Hydraulic characteristics and energy dissipation of a new baffle-drop shaft with two wet sides
Authors: Chen Jun , Liang Peide , Lu Yingxiang , Wu Teng
Published: January 2025

To satisfy the operational capacity and structural safety requirements of larger flow rates under urban flood risk, a new baffle-drop shaft with two wet sides has been proposed. A turbulence mathematical model is established to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of traditional and new shafts, when the dimensionless flow rate ( Q*) ranges from 0.1 to 0.25. Compared to that of the traditional shaft, the operational capacity of the new shaft is larger. The drainage of the new shaft is still smoother, but water blockage occurs in the traditional shaft. The pressure in the new shaft walls and baffles is smaller than that of the traditional shaft. The energy dissipation rate is higher than that of the traditional shaft. Consequently, this research could provide more reasonable design for dropshafts in deep tunnel drainage systems.
Advancements in the Research of Astragalus membranaceus for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lu Qiwen , Jiang Jiaxin , Wang Xi , Wang Rongling , Han Xuan
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer, characterized by its high incidence, concealed early symptoms, and poor prognosis at advanced stages, ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) refers to the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), it is believed to have the functions of tonifying qi and lifting yang, as well as generating body fluids and nourishing blood. It can effectively treat cancer caused by the deficiency of vital energy and susceptibility to external diseases. Modern research has confirmed that the active components of AM, including Astragalus polysaccharides, flavonoids (formononetin and calycosin), Astragalus saponins (Astragaloside I and Astragaloside III), and Astragalus nanovesicles, are effective in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The mechanisms mainly involve inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and the metastasis of cancer cells, regulating the cell cycle and tumor microenvironment, and reversing drug resistance. Moreover, it offers a synergistic enhancement when used in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, or surgical treatment. AM also has great potential in treating colorectal cancer when combined with other herbs. This review summarizes the relevant research findings on the treatment of colorectal cancer with AM, as well as its main pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms, aiming to provide guidance for the development of new drugs, and offer direction for the conduct of more related research and promoting the development and application of AM.
Li–Yorke Chaos in Partial Differential Equations with or Without Energy Injection
Authors: Zhang Xu , Hussan Iram , Zhao Manyu , Yang Qigui
Published: January 2025

Many physical systems are represented by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), and the study of chaotic dynamics in these systems is interesting and challenging. In this paper, the Li–Yorke chaos of PDEs is studied, and the Li–Yorke chaos is observable in several classes of PDEs, including systems with or without energy injection. For the PDEs without energy injection, three kinds of PDEs are investigated revealing the existence of Li–Yorke chaos, including a type of transport equations, a class of wave equations, and a kind of Navier–Stokes equations. For the PDEs with energy injection, only dissipative type of PDEs are studied, including a model of sound variation of the drum with damping, a kind of reaction–diffusion equations, and a class of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. It is shown that Li–Yorke chaos is well defined for the characterization of the complicated dynamics of these systems. In particular, a physical explanation about chaos in such PDEs is provided, which gives an interesting explanation of acoustic chaos.
Simulation models verification and validation: Recent development and challenges: A review
Authors: Biazen Melkamu Ambelu , Woldeyohannes Abraham Debebe , Gebeyehu Sisay Geremew
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, verification and validation activities have become the prominent parameters to check the acceptability of a simulation model by the users for the intended purpose. This review paper aims to identify and analyze the recent development and challenges of simulation model verification and validation. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature was carried out which mainly consisted of the methodological development of verification and validation process paralleled with simulation model development. Initially, a cumulative total of 980 records was found sourced from Google Scholar via an advanced search method, Science Direct, Web of science and from Scopus. Through a rigorous screening process about 72 sources or publications were included for analysis. The verification and validation techniques that have been developed so far were classified into five categories methodologically. From intensive analysis, it is found that researchers extensively scrutinize the traditional methods and graphical/ statistical tools, escalating interest in data-driven and automation techniques, and limited focus on agent-based and hybrid models. Though agent-based and hybrid models are increasingly vital in the realm of complex system simulations, their verification and validation processes remain relatively under-explored. Though reasonable efforts have been exerted on the verification and validation methods development, still academicians and researchers agreed on the lack of verification and validation methodology for the recently developed simulation model paradigms such as agent-based and hybrid models, autonomous robotics models, high fidelity and data-driven models, and real-time prediction models such as digital twins. As a challenge of verification and validation processes, lack of universal methodologies, lack of reliable real-world data for validation, inaccuracy of real-world data for the intended purpose, different world views by different individuals, and the rapid growth and complexity of simulation modeling are identified as the hindering factors of verification and validation process.
Investigating Performance MLP-Mixer and gMLP for Crop Leaf Diseases
Authors: Li Li-Hua , Tanone Radius
Published: January 2025

Early recognition of plant diseases is crucial, and one practical approach is using deep learning models. Models, such as MLP-Mixer and gMLP, based on multi-layer perceptron, offer a compelling option due to their simple architecture. This study aimed to assess the performance of these models in classifying crop leaf diseases. Our findings reveal that both MLP-Mixer and gMLP models, with their similar architectures, exhibit promising performance. We conducted tests using public potato and wheat datasets to evaluate their classification performance. Furthermore, we incorporated gradient centralization during training to enhance the models’ generalization performance. The results indicate that both MLP-Mixer and gMLP achieved classification performance above 0.9100 for both datasets. Specifically, MLP-Mixer achieved 0.9819, and gMLP achieved 0.9873 for potato leaf diseases, while for wheat leaf diseases, MLP-Mixer achieved 0.9121, and gMLP achieved 0.9189. These outcomes emphasize the potential of these models in classifying and identifying diseases in crop leaves.
Style-FG: a style-based framework for film grain analysis and synthesis
Authors: Ameur Zoubida , Demarty Claire-Hélène , Le Meur Olivier , Ménard Daniel
Published: January 2025

Film grain which used to be a by-product of the chemical processing in the analog film stock, is a desirable feature in the era of digital cameras. Besides participating to the artistic intent during content creation, film grain has also interesting properties in the video compression chain such as its ability to mask compression artifacts. In this paper, we use a deep learning-based framework for film grain analysis, generation and synthesis. Our framework Style-FG consists of three modules: a style encoder performing film grain style analysis, a mapping network responsible for film grain style generation, and a synthesis network that generates and blends a specific grain style to a given content in a content-adaptive manner. All modules are trained jointly, thanks to dedicated loss functions, on a new large and diverse dataset of pairs of grain-free and grainy images that we made publicly available to the community

1

. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that fidelity to the reference grain, diversity of grain styles as well as a perceptually pleasant grain synthesis are achieved, demonstrating that each module outperforms the state-of-the-art in the task it was designed for. To contribute further to the sustainability necessary effort of the digital information and communication field, a light-weight version of Style-FG is also proposed, which demonstrates similar quantitative and qualitative performances, while reducing the number of network parameters by a factor of 92%.
Green Electrodeposition of Common Lanthanide Rare Earth Metals Using Ionic Liquids: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Nahian M. K. , Reddy R. G.
Published: January 2025

Lanthanides are rare Earth elements (REEs) positioned in the f-block of the periodic table and exhibit unique electronic configurations that confer exceptional magnetic, optical, and electronic properties. Consequently, they are pivotal components spanning from hard disk drives to renewable energy systems. The increasing demand for REEs in various modern technologies has driven the need for a secure and sustainable production process. Traditional methods of REEs extraction and processing, such as molten salt electrolysis, are energy-intensive and generate toxic waste, necessitating the development of alternative low-temperature separation processes. Ionic liquids (ILs), or low-temperature molten salts, have emerged as promising media for REEs electrodeposition owing to their wide potential window, excellent ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and environmental friendliness. In this review, electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of some common REEs (Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Dy) in various ILs, along with selected cases of similar types of electrolytes called deep eutectic solvents (DESs), are discussed. The comprehensive analysis of the electrochemical behavior and deposition conditions of REEs in ILs offers valuable insights into sustainable industrial-scale REEs production in an environment-friendly way.
Postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ following 1.5 g essential amino acids compared with 15 and 20 g of whey protein in young females
Authors: Apicella Marianna C. A. , Jameson Tom S. O. , Monteyne Alistair J. , Pavis George F. , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Alamdari Nima , Dirks Marlou L. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B.
Published: January 2025

This study provides evidence that postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates do not differ following the ingestion of 1.5 g of essential amino acids, 15 and 20 g of whey protein, containing 0.6, 1.5, and 2.0 g of leucine, respectively, in young females. Protein and leucine doses below current recommendations, >20 g of protein or ∼2 g leucine, may be sufficient to optimally stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis in young females.
Complex Limb Injuries: Limb Salvage Versus Amputation—A Mini Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Serlis Athanasios , Sgardelis Panagiotis , Vampertzis Themistoklis , Rizavas Konstantinos , Poulios Panagiotis , Konstantopoulos Georgios
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The management of complex limb injuries can be very challenging, and it demands a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Amputation and limb reconstruction are the two options that clinicians must choose. This study aims to comprehensively synthesize existing tools and resources from the literature that can assist clinicians in the decision‐making process.

Evaluation: The initial resuscitation and the prehospital care are the first important steps in the management of these injuries, while the immediate transfer to trauma centers is recommended for complex cases. After the stabilization of the patient, a thorough clinical examination of the limb is necessary with emphasis on the degree of soft tissue damage. Blunt trauma in the lower limb is associated with a higher risk of early amputation. Polytrauma patients with complex limb injuries require a holistic approach, with Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) principles. Traumatic bleeding significantly increases mortality rates, necessitating prompt control using pressure bandages or tourniquets. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is necessary in order to assess the viability of the limb.

Management: Scoring systems can be used as a tool in the management of complex lower and upper limb injuries. Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) calculates ischemia, shock, bone and soft tissue damage, and patient characteristics. The Narakawa Index (NISSSA score) constitutes an alteration of MESS with the implementation of a nerve injury element. The Musculoskeletal Score for Severity of Injury (MESI score) estimates the risk of limb amputation by evaluating injury, neurovascular damage, type of fracture, patient characteristics, and the period from the occurrence of trauma to the definitive treatment. Further interventions and patient preferences should be incorporated into the decision‐making process.

Outcome: The outcomes of limb salvage versus amputation for complex limb injuries encompass various factors, including patient’s preinjury health status, psychological well‐being, functional outcomes, and economic impact. While some studies suggest better psychological outcomes with limb reconstruction and others find similar functional outcomes between the two approaches, economic considerations play a significant role in decision‐making.

Conclusion: Managing complex limb injuries effectively necessitates a comprehensive approach involving thorough assessment, multidisciplinary collaboration, and patient‐centered care. Given the diverse factors influencing management and long‐term outcomes, it is crucial to integrate medical expertise with patient preferences and expectations.
Performance Efficiency of Selected Medium Culture and Raft Systems for Waste Removal in a Small‐Scale Aquaponics Production System
Authors: Kagali Robert Nesta , Opiyo Mary A. , Mbogo Kevin Omollo , Ogila Kenneth Omondi
Published: January 2025

Aquaponics systems integrate aquaculture and hydroponics to create a sustainable method for food production by recycling nutrients. However, nutrient waste management in aquaponics systems remains a challenge, particularly in achieving optimal growth for both fish and plants while minimizing environmental impacts. This study compared the effectiveness of raft and selected medium culture systems in removing waste from a small‐scale aquaponics production system that included leafy vegetable crops (Brassica oleracea) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The aquaponics systems comprised of four hydroponics systems: three media based (charcoal, perlite, and pumice) and one raft system in a completely randomized design. The crops were cultivated in the hydroponic units, while O. niloticus fingerlings were reared in the fish tanks for 22 weeks. To compare the various hydroponics systems, growth metrics for the fish (weight and length) and plants growth parameters such as leaf index and biomass, as well as nutrient analysis were monitored and documented. Physicochemical parameters of the culture water were also monitored. Fish grown in the perlite medium had significantly higher mean final length and weight compared to other aquaponics setups in the study (p < 0.05). Plants grown on pumice had significantly more total biomass than other media (p < 0.05) and had the highest crude protein (CP) content, while those planted on perlite had the highest crude lipid content (p < 0.05). The charcoal medium was the most effective, lowering total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels by up to 67.1%. Pumice showed the highest total suspended solids (TSSs) retention capacity (p < 0.05), resulting in a 25.9% drop in TSS levels. The raft system was the least effective at reducing aquaculture nutrient waste. This study demonstrated that the choice of hydroponics media is important in optimizing aquaponics systems for both plant and fish growth.
An Early Presentation of Tricuspid Valve Rupture in a Trauma Patient With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Boever Justus , Batra Rishi , Khan Hason , Bauman Zachary M.
Published: January 2025

Tricuspid valve regurgitation/rupture is a rare complication of trauma, with only around 150 cases reported in the literature, though this prevalence may be underestimated due to subtle clinical manifestations. The tricuspid valve is the most frequently affected heart valve following blunt chest trauma due to its anterior anatomical position between the sternum and the vertebrae. The diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation is often delayed in the traumatic setting due to the subtlety of clinical manifestations. Many trauma patients also present with distracting injuries. The subsequent treatment delay can result in development of irreversible dilatation of right‐sided heart chambers, making it imperative to have a high index of suspicion for tricuspid regurgitation as a cause of acute hemodynamic instability in the setting of blunt trauma to the chest. In this report, we present a unique case of traumatic tricuspid valve regurgitation in a patient with a history of congenital atrial septal defect (ASD)/partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR).
Whole Genome Sequencing of “Mutation‐Negative” Individuals With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Authors: Ansari Morad , Halachev Mihail , Parry David , Campos Jose L. , D’Souza Elston N. , Barnett Christopher , Wilkie Andrew O. M. , Barnicoat Angela , Patel Chirag V. , Sukarova-Angelovska Elena , Girisha Katta M. , Firth Helen V. , Prescott Katrina , Wilson Louise C. , McEntagart Meriel , Davidson Rosemarie , Lynch Sally Ann , Joss Shelagh , Holden Simon T. , Lam Wayne K. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Green Andrew J. , Poke Gemma , Whiffin Nicola , FitzPatrick David R. , Meynert Alison
Published: January 2025

This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic utility of whole genome sequence analysis in a well‐characterised research cohort of individuals referred with a clinical suspicion of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) in whom prior genetic testing had not identified a causative variant. Short‐read whole genome sequencing was performed on 195 individuals from 105 families, 108 of whom were affected. 100/108 of the affected individuals had prior relevant genetic testing, with no pathogenic variant being identified. The study group comprised 42 trios in which both parental samples were available for testing (42 affected individuals and 126 unaffected parents), 61 singletons (unrelated affected individuals), and two families with more than one affected individual. The results showed that 32 unrelated probands from 105 families (30.5%) had likely causative coding region‐disrupting variants. Four loci were identified in > 1 proband: NIPBL (10), ANKRD11 (6), EP300 (3), and EHMT1 (2). Single variants were detected in the remaining genes (EBF3, KMT2A, MED13L, NLGN3, NR2F1, PHIP, PUF60, SET, SETD5, SMC1A, and TBL1XR1). Possibly causative variants in noncoding regions of NIPBL were identified in four individuals. Single de novo variants were identified in five genes not previously reported to be associated with any developmental disorder: ARID3A, PIK3C3, MCM7, MIS18BP1, and WDR18. The clustering of de novo noncoding variants implicates a single upstream open reading frame (uORF) and a small region in Intron 21 in NIPBL regulation. Causative variants in genes encoding chromatin‐associated proteins, with no defined influence on cohesin function, appear to result in CdLS‐like clinical features. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of whole genome sequencing as a diagnostic test in individuals presenting with CdLS or CdLS‐like phenotypes.
Development of Nutrient‐Rich Injera Using Amaranthus Leaf/Grain and Teff Flours: A Study on Nutritional Value, Sensory Characteristics, and Storage Stability
Authors: Abera Betelhem , Duraisamy Ramesh , Birhanu Tewodros , Gurbo Beyene , Salelign Ketemaw
Published: January 2025

Teff (Eragrostis tef, Zucc) is the smallest grain commonly cultivated in Ethiopia and Eritrea and is used mainly to prepare pancake‐like staple food called flatbread (Injera). It has substantial national and global recognition due to its nutraceutical benefits and its gluten‐free nature. Flatbread, a functional food for health promotion, can be enhanced with less mineral‐rich crops like Amaranthus, which are often underutilized, to increase its nutritional and mineral content. Thus, the study is aimed at studying the nutritional, sensory, and storage period of flatbread by incorporating amaranth leaves and grain powders into teff flour. Experiments were designed (using Minitab software, v.19.1), and flatbread was prepared by altering the proportions (grams) of Amaranthus leaf and grain flour incorporated with teff flour in ratios of 2:98, 4:96, 6:94, 8:92, and 10:90 (w/w), teff being the significant component in each blend. The results revealed that most of the nutritive components (except carbohydrates and chromium (Cr)) improved significantly due to the incorporation of both (Amaranthus leaf and grains). Minerals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) increased noticeably (in percent), ranging from 10% to 12.2%, 0.02%–0.41%, 3%–4.4%, 0.33%–2.2%, 5.7%–10%, and 4.9%–28.7%, respectively. Furthermore, lower proportions of Amaranthus grain flour (2, 4, and 6 g blending) and leaf flour (2–10 g blending) significantly extended the storage period of blended flatbread up to 6–7 days, where higher proportions of Amaranthus grain (8 and 10 g blending) are expected to preserve the flatbread Injera up to 9–10 days, surpassing the 3–4 days of the control (100 g teff flour). Therefore, novel teff–Amaranthus blended food can be produced by means of a cost‐effective and easy‐to‐produce new integrated teff–Amaranthus blended food that can enhance the nutritional value and shelf life of the existing teff Injera.
Color Stability and Roughness of Ocular Prosthesis Between Heat‐Cured Acrylic and 3D Printed Acrylic After Artificial Weathering
Authors: Bunyan Shahad Fadhil , Shakir Shahad Mohammed , Zardawi Faraedon Mohidden Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Eye loss can majorly impact a person’s look, functionality, and psychological well‐being. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the durability of ocular prostheses by investigated the surface roughness and color stability of ocular prostheses fabricated using three‐dimensional (3D) printing and heat‐cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin (QC‐20 heat polymerize) after they were subjected to artificial weathering. Two techniques were used to create 100 samples (2 mm thickness and 20 mm diameter) that were fabricated and divided into 50 heat‐cured PMMA samples, and 50 samples were made using Next Dent Denture 3D acrylic resin printed with 3D printing technology stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer. All samples were subjected to 300 h of artificial weathering using a weathering chamber. Color changes were tested using a spectrophotometer, while surface roughness micrometers (µm) were measured with a profilometer. Descriptive statistics were used, followed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t‐tests were used, and the significance level was α = 0.05. The results demonstrated a significant difference in color stability between the two materials and fabrication methods; the highest mean ΔE observed in heat‐cured PMMA samples was 2.67 (p = 0.003) and the lowest in 3D‐printed samples ΔE of 1.42, respectively. Regarding surface roughness, PMMA demonstrated the highest mean of 0.58 µm, while the lowest mean was with the 3D‐printed samples at 0.33 µm (p = 0.001), 3D‐printed prostheses exhibiting superior resistance to color changes after weathering. 3D‐printed prostheses maintained a significantly smoother surface texture compared to heat‐cured acrylic ones. These findings concluded that 3D‐printed ocular prostheses offer potential advantages in color stability and surface smoothness, potentially enhancing esthetic outcomes, wearability, and patient satisfaction.
An Integrated Strategy for Discovering the Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Indigo Naturalis in Ameliorate Atherosclerosis Injury
Authors: Lian Yuan-Pei , Yin Chun-Yan , Zhang Jin-Yun , Zhao Yi , Geng Ting , Xu Jian-Da , Liu Chan-Ming , Cai Jia-Li , Zhu Li , Wang Di-Jun , Zhang Li , Luo Li-Bo , Yan Xiao-Jing
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Indigo naturalis (IN) is a medicinal and edible plant with obvious pharmacological effects such as anti‐inflammation, improving blood circulation, and antibacterial. However, its therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action against AS remain unclear. This study aims to integrate network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vitro experimental evaluations to uncover the active components and multitarget mechanisms of IN against AS. 10 active ingredients and 96 related target genes were identified, and gene functional enrichment analysis suggested that the toll‐like receptor signaling pathway plays a core role in IN’s action against AS. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between IN’s key ingredients and hub genes. In vitro, IN regulated the expression of inflammatory factors, migration factors, and TLR4, NF‐κB, and MyD88 proteins in cell inflammation models as predicted. In vivo, IN reduced aorta damage, cell apoptosis, blood lipids level, and inflammatory factors in LPS‐induced AS mice, further downregulating the expression levels of TLR4, NF‐κB, and MyD88. This study confirmed the feasibility of IN for AS treatment from an anti‐inflammatory perspective, highlighting the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway as a critical mechanism. These findings provide a basis for developing IN as a potential candidate for anti‐AS clinical application.
Emotional Abuse Against Women in the Context of Intimate Relationships: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Abusbaitan Hanan A. , Eyadat Anwar M. , Holt Jeana M. , Telfah Reem K. , Zahra Tala F. Abu , Zahra Tuleen F. Abu , Mobarki Amani A. , Mkandawire-Valhmu Lucy , Kako Peninnah M. , Gondwe Kaboni W. , Lopez Alexa A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Emotional abuse of women is common and has significant health and social consequences. Emotional abuse often precedes physical and sexual abuse. Research centered on emotional abuse is limited when compared with other forms of abuse, such as sexual and physical abuse. A lack of understanding of emotional abuse in women can lead to negative health complications and failure to provide the most effective care. A close examination of the attributes of emotional abuse is needed to inform interventions that improve women’s health outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this concept analysis is to explore the critical components of emotional abuse against women in the context of intimate relationships.

Method: The Walker and Avant (2011) process was used to analyze the concept of emotional abuse. This analysis utilized quantitative and qualitative research studies. Studies in English from 2013 to 2023 were included. Evidence was reviewed to clarify the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and model cases of emotional abuse in women.

Results: One hundred and two studies met the inclusion criteria. Four attributes of emotional abuse were identified, including humiliation, indifference, control, threat, and intimidation. Emotional abuse as a phenomenon is associated with women’s and partners’ influences, unhealthy relationships, the normalization of emotional abuse in society, and the lack of social support. Emotional abuse in women leads to poor psychological, perinatal, and intimate relationship problems.

Conclusion: Nurses should understand the attributes, causes, and consequences of emotional abuse in women to help them recognize and address this issue in the clinical setting. Further studies are needed to increase nursing’s understanding of the experience of emotional abuse in women.
Exome sequencing reveals a sparse genomic landscape in Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Phipps Warren , Bhinder Bhavneet , Towlerton Andrea , Mooka Peter , Kafeero James , Fitzgibbon Matt , Elemento Olivier , Cesarman Ethel
Published: January 2025

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a frequently aggressive malignancy caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8). People with immunodeficiencies, including HIV, are at increased risk for developing KS, but our understanding of the contributions of the cellular genome to KS pathogenesis remains limited. To determine if there are cellular genetic alterations in KS that might provide biological or therapeutic insights, we performed whole exome sequencing on 78 KS tumors and matched normal control skin from 59 adults with KS (46 with HIV-associated KS and 13 with HIV-negative KS) receiving treatment at the Uganda Cancer Institute in Kampala, Uganda. We found a very low mutational burden in all but one specimen (median=11 mutations), which is the lowest number of mutations among all 33 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). No recurrent mutations were seen and the most commonly affected oncogenic pathway was RTK/RAS. Mutational signatures included defective DNA mismatch repair and smoking. There was no evidence suggesting that multiple tumors from the same patient originated from the same original clone. The number of genome copy alterations per genome were higher in tumors from those without HIV infection and in tumors from participants with advanced stage disease, suggesting that lesions that take longer to develop may accumulate more alterations, although the number of alterations remain low compared to other cancers. Implications: Our findings indicate that the pathogenesis of KS differs from other malignancies, and that the primary driver of carcinogenesis is KSHV viral infection and expression of viral oncogenes, rather than clonal oncogenic transformation.
Dynamic Tracking of Tumor Microenvironment Modulation Using Kaede Photoconvertible Transgenic Mice Unveils New Biological Properties of Viral Immunotherapy
Authors: Diers Anne R. , Guo Qiuchen , Li Zhi , Richardson Erin , Idris Suaad , Willis Claire , Tak Paul P. , Withers David R. , Barone Francesca
Published: January 2025

CAN-2409 is a replication-defective adenovirus that delivers the herpes simplex virus–thymidine kinase gene to infected cells. Intratumoral administration of CAN-2409, followed by prodrug, results in the formation of a toxic metabolite able to induce immunogenic cell death, exposure of tumor-associated antigens, and activation of local and systemic immune responses. We used a dynamic labeling model with MC38 tumor cells implanted in photoconvertible Kaede mice. Violet light was used to label the tumor microenvironment (TME), distinguishing retained versus newly entering cells and allowing real-time monitoring of immune compartment changes within tumors. Administration of CAN-2409 + prodrug led to control of tumor growth and significantly increased effector CD8+ T-cell responses. Photolabeling of the TME revealed that rather than enhancing recruitment of T cells to the tumor, CAN-2409 altered the TME whereby newly entering and retained CD8+ T cells were significantly more proliferative. CAN-2409 supported reinvigoration of tumor-associated antigen–specific CD8+ T cells and expansion of regulatory T cells of an altered phenotype. Moreover, the combination of CAN-2409 + prodrug and anti–CTLA-4 antibody treatment further improved control of tumor growth, in part by the enhanced CD8+ T-cell–mediated effector function and diminished regulatory T cell–mediated immunosuppression. Collectively, these data defined at least two temporally distinct pathways underpinning the mechanism of action of CAN-2409 that overcome cell exhaustion and decrease immune suppression. The results also support the rationale for future clinical trials of CAN-2409 treatment combined with anti–CTLA-4 antibody therapy.

Significance:

This study utilized a novel photoconvertible mouse tumor model to track immune cell trafficking upon treatment with an investigational viral immunotherapy (CAN-2409), revealing enhanced T-cell responses after viral immunotherapy associated with local proliferation of T cells within tumors that could further enhance antitumor efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These findings define temporally and spatially distinct interactions of immune cells that could be harnessed by novel therapeutics.
Circulating ANGPTL3/8 Concentrations Are Associated With an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile and Increased CHD Risk in Swedish Population-Based Studies
Authors: Leander Karin , Chen Yan Q. , Vikström Max , Silveira Angela , Fisher Rachel M. , Konrad Robert J. , van ‘t Hooft Ferdinand M.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Binding of ANGPTL (angiopoietin-like protein)-3 to ANGPTL8 generates a protein complex (ANGPTL3/8) that strongly inhibits LPL (lipoprotein lipase) activity, as compared with ANGPTL3 alone, suggesting that ANGPTL3/8 concentrations are critical for the regulation of circulation lipoprotein concentrations and subsequent increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. To test this hypothesis in humans, we evaluated the associations of circulating free ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3/8 complex concentrations with lipoprotein concentrations and CHD risk in 2 prospective cohort studies.

METHODS:

Fasting blood samples were obtained in conjunction with the baseline evaluation of 9479 subjects from 2 population-based Swedish cohorts of middle-aged men and women. Standard biochemical blood analyses, including all lipid/lipoprotein measurements, were performed in these samples at baseline. Additional serum samples were stored at −80 °C and used at a later stage for ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3/8 concentration measurements. Information about incident CHD was obtained for both cohorts by matching to the Swedish National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register.

RESULTS:

ANGPTL3 concentrations showed modest, positive associations with all lipoprotein concentrations but were not associated with CHD risk. In contrast, ANGPTL3/8 concentrations were associated in both cohorts with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile (characterized by increased triglyceride and LDL [low-density lipoprotein] concentrations and reduced HDL [high-density lipoprotein] concentrations). In the combined cohort, ANGPTL3/8 was associated with increased CHD risk. Hazard ratio per 1 SD increase was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.03–1.17) after adjustment for age, sex, cohort, smoking, and hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:

Elevated concentrations of ANGPTL3/8, but not ANGPTL3, are associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile and increased CHD risk in humans.
Bone Marrow Niche in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kohutek Zachary A. , Caslin Heather L. , Fehrenbach Daniel J. , Heimlich J. Brett , Brown Jonathan D. , Madhur Meena S. , Ferrell P. Brent , Doran Amanda C.
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven in part by chronic inflammation. Emerging research suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment, or marrow niche, plays a critical role in both immune system regulation and disease progression. The bone marrow niche is essential for maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and orchestrating hematopoiesis. Under normal conditions, this niche ensures a return to immune homeostasis after acute stress. However, in the setting of inflammatory conditions such as those seen in cardiometabolic diseases, it becomes dysregulated, leading to enhanced myelopoiesis and immune activation. This review explores the reciprocal relationship between the bone marrow niche and cardiometabolic diseases, highlighting how alterations in the niche contribute to disease development and progression. The niche regulates HSCs through complex interactions with stromal cells, endothelial cells, and signaling molecules. However, in the setting of chronic diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, inflammatory signals disrupt the balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation, promoting the excessive production of proinflammatory myeloid cells that exacerbate the disease. Key mechanisms discussed include the effects of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and sympathetic nervous system activation on HSC proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the role of epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming in creating trained immunity, a phenomenon whereby HSCs acquire long-term proinflammatory characteristics that sustain disease states. Finally, we explore therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the bone marrow niche to mitigate chronic inflammation and its sequelae. Novel interventions that modulate hematopoiesis and restore niche homeostasis hold promise for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. By interrupting the vicious cycle of inflammation and marrow dysregulation, such therapies may offer new avenues for reducing cardiovascular risk and improving patient outcomes.
Abolition of Aorticorenal Ganglia Pacing Responses Improves Denervation Efficacy
Authors: Balaji Poornima , Liu Xingzhou , Tran Vu Toan , Barry Michael A. , Vien Albert , Yang Edward , Nguyen Duc Minh , Patel Urja , Lu Juntang , Alvarez Shirley , Bandodkar Sushil , Varikatt Winny , McEwan Alistair , Thomas Stuart P. , Qian Pierre C.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Transcatheter renal denervation (RDN) remains inconsistent despite developments in ablation technologies, due to the lack of an intraprocedural physiological end point. The aim of this study was to identify if aorticorenal ganglion (ARG) guided RDN using microwave (MW) catheter leads to more consistent denervation outcomes compared with empirical MW ablation.

METHODS:

Pigs underwent sham procedure (n=8) or bilateral RDN using an in-house built open-irrigated MW catheter. Before denervation, ipsilateral ARG pacing was performed leading to renal artery vasoconstriction. MW ablation group (MW-group; n=7) received 1 ablation (100–120 W for 360 seconds) in the mid-main renal artery based on artery caliber. ARG-guided-MW ablation group (ARG-MW-group; n=7) was permitted an additional ablation more distally or at higher power until a vasoconstrictive response was abolished. Animals were euthanized at 4 to 5 weeks post-procedure.

RESULTS:

ARG pacing caused an ipsilateral reduction in renal artery caliber from 4.67 to 4 mm;
P
=0.0006 in MW-group and 4.8 to 3.9 mm;
P
=0.001 in ARG-MW-group. Repeat ARG pacing at euthanasia led to a reduction in renal artery caliber in MW-group from 5.1 to 4.8 mm;
P
=0.006, but not in ARG-MW-group from 4.88 to 4.55 mm;
P
=0.08. There were no differences in ablation injury volumes between the groups. Compared with undenervated sham controls, ARG-MW-RDN versus MW-RDN caused median reductions in viable nerve area (antityrosine hydroxylase staining) at 4 to 5 weeks by 92.6% (interquartile range, 0.94–19.59%;
P
<0.0001) versus 55.02% (interquartile range, 15.87–75.11%;
P
=0.006) and median renal cortical norepinephrine content by 68.06% (interquartile range, 27.16–38.39%;
P
<0.0001) versus 25.25% (interquartile range, 56.97–157.7%;
P
=NS).

CONCLUSIONS:

ARG pacing serves as a physiological procedural end point to guide MW denervation to improve denervation outcomes.