bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KANAK IMAGINARIES: A SENSE OF PLACE IN THE WORK OF DÉWÉ GÖRÖDÉ
Authors: Ramsay Raylene
Published: April 2015

The study of the Kanak imaginary in the work of the first published Kanak (indigenous) New Caledonian writer shows this to be permeated by a sense of place. Rootedness in, and intense community with the land is not incompatible with the fluidity of ancestral criss-crossing of the Pacific or of constant border-crossing(pathways of exchange between groups) but nonetheless remains central. The ‘hinterland’ constituted by the places of the tribu (customary lands) sets up a challenge to the dominance ofNouméa la blanche and Déwé Görödé’s articulation of places of identity re-negotiate the urban/regional or Noumea/Bush/Tribu nexus to counterbalance or contest national (French) imaginaries. Yet Görödé’s work presents both a return to a Kanak Place to Stand and a critical self in process (the latter situated in a ‘no man’s land’). The places in her work are ultimately ‘cognitively dissonant’: the marginal or hinter-land of Kanak imaginaries (the tribu), can hold (to) their own both outside and inside the city yet also open themselves up internally to multiplicity and critique.
A PLACE TO STAND: LAND AND WATER IN MĀORI FILM
Authors: Walker-Morrison Deborah
Published: April 2015

New Zealand (NZ) Māori identity, as is the case for indigenous peoples the world over, is inextricably linked to a sense of place of origin, Tūrangawaewae, literally, “a place to stand one’s feet.” Place here is obviously first and foremost about land, but also includes the rivers, lakes and sea that have sustained Māori communities since their arrival in Aotearoa, almost a thousand years ago.  Linking representations of land and water to a re-reading of Paul Gilroy’s twin metaphors of roots and routes, this paper reads issues of loss, conservation, regaining and/or transformation of such a sense of place as central to Māori fiction film.
BLACK WOOL AND VINTAGE SHOES: THE WELLINGTON LOOK
Authors: Perry Felicity
Published: April 2015

“He told me I didn’t look like I was from Wellington,” a friend, from a small town almost two hours away, confided to me over a cocktail in a downtown bar. This article asks, what is the Wellington look that this statement describes? How does it produce and reflect Wellington’s reputation as the locus of arts and politics in Aotearoa/New Zealand? It examines how the inhabitants of Wellington weave the fabric of the city together through their dress, analyzing how Wellington-based media, boutiques, designers, and locals together create a style that is distinctively ‘Wellington.’
IMAGINING PLACE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF HOW CULTURAL OUTSIDERS AND INSIDERS RECEIVE FICTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PLACE IN CARYL FÉREY’S UTU
Authors: Carter Ellen
Published: April 2015

I provide empirical evidence from a longitudinal cross-cultural reader reception survey showing that cultural outsider (French) and insider (New Zealand) readers are differently influenced by the geographically and culturally-situated elements in Utu (French 2004, English translation 2011), a crime novel set in contemporary New Zealand by French writer Caryl Férey. After reading the novel, both cultural outsider and insider readers changed their opinions towards the image portrayed by Férey, even when his cultural claims were incorrect. Furthermore, for French readers, this influence extended beyond Utu’s final page to opinions about New Zealand and its inhabitants.
HIGH-RISE ZHIVAGO
Authors: Siemens Elena
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the Taganka Theatre’s production of Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago, staged in a remote Moscow suburb. Performed in a Soviet-built palace of culture, the show radically reinterpretsZhivago, transforming it from an intensely personal to a collective narrative. Drawing on a chapter from my book Theatre in Passing: A Moscow Photo-Diary (Intellect 2011), the paper refers to Marvin Carlson, who argues that theatre buildings and their locations greatly impact the overall meaning of a show. Citing evidence provided by cultural theorists, architectural critics, as well as authors and artists, I expand on my earlier discussion of suburbs – a fertile subject attracting a wealth of contradictory opinions. I illustrate my discussion with images of high-rises inspired by the avant-garde photographer Alexander Rodchenko, and pictures of soup cans and cases of Coca-Cola – my tribute to Andy Warhol, who, like Rodchenko, rejected the old in favour of the new. I conclude with a nostalgic shot of a single-family dwelling, reminiscent of the spaces depicted in Pasternak.
Photoaptamer heterodimeric constructs as a new approach to enhance the efficiency of formation of photocrosslinking with a target protein
Authors: Rakhmetova S.Yu. , Radko S.P. , Gnedenko O.V. , Bodoev N.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

Using two DNA aptamers selectively recognizing anion-binding exosites 1 and 2 of thrombin as a model, it has been demonstrated that their conjugation by a poly-(dT)-linker (ranging from 5 to 65 nt in length) to produce aptamer heterodimeric constructs results into affinity enhancement. The apparent dissociation constant (Kdapp) measured at the optical biosensor Biacore-3000 for complexes of thrombin with the heterodimeric constructs reached minimum values (Kdapp = 0,2-0,4 nМ) which were approximately 30-fold less than for the complexes with the primary aptamers. A photoaptamer heterodimeric construct was designed connecting photoaptamer and aptamer sequences with the poly-(dT)-linker of 35 nt long. The photoaptamer used could form photo-induced cross-links with the exosite 2 of thrombin and the aptamer used could bind to the exosite 1. The measured value of Kdapp for the photoaptamer construct was approximately 40-fold less than that for the primary photoaptamer (5,3 and 190 nM, respectively). Upon exposure to the UV radiation at 308 nm of the equimolar mixtures of thrombin with the photoaptamer construct, the equal yield of the crosslinked complexes was observed at concentrations which were lower by two orders of magnitude than in the case of the primary photoaptamer. It was found that concurrently with crosslinking to thrombin a photo-induced inactivation of the photoaptamer occurs presumably due to formation of the intermolecular crosslinking.
Bioavailability of oral drug formulations and methods for its improvement
Authors: Ipatova O.M. , Torkhovskaya T.I. , Medvedeva N.V. , Prozorovskiy V.N. , Ivanova N.D. , Shironin A.V. , Baranova V.S. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

The recent studies in nanotechnology resulted in the development of novel formulations with improved bioavailability. This is especially important for oral administered drugs as the most convenient formulations. The current review deals with the processes occurring at the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and their influence on the drug form. The increase of bioavailability of the drug may be achieved through designing novel formulations according to the specific drug properties. They include capsules that release pharmaceutical agents at various parts of the GI tract, floating systems that prolong the presence of the drug in the GI tract, dispersed forms with surface-active soluble polymers, micelles that carry poor-soluble drugs inside their non-polar core, agents that facilitate tight junction opening, such as caprate and chitosan, and lipid-based formulations. The own data show the stimulating influence of phospholipid nanoparticles on peroral absorption of drug indomethacin in rats and on passage of transport marker and drugs through Caco-2 cell monolayer in vitro. The review summarizes current understanding of factors that influence the bioavailability of the oral drug forms, currently used models for pharmacokinetic studies, and various approaches to developing novel pharmaceutical forms that increase the bioavailability of the drugs.
Zebrafish as a model system for biomedical studies
Authors: Belyaeva N.F. , Kashirtseva V.N. , Medvedeva N.V. , Khudoklinova Yu.Yu. , Ipatova O.M. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are now firmly established as a powerful research model for many areas of biology and medicine. Here, we review some achievements of zebrafish - based assays for modeling human diseases and for drug discovery and development. For drug discovery, zebrafish are especially valuable in the earlier stages of research as they provide a model organism to demonstrate a new treatment's efficacy and toxicity before more costly mammalian models are used. This review provides examples of compounds known to be toxic to humans that have been demonstrated to functional similarly in zebrafish. Major advantages of zebrafish embryons are that they are readily permeable to small molecules added to their incubation medium and the transparent chorion enables the easy observation of development. Assay of acute toxicity (LC50 estimation) in embryos can also include the screening for developmental disorders as an indicator of teratogenic effects. We used zebrafish for toxicity testing of new drugs on the base of phospholipid nanoparticles. The organization of the genome and the pathways controlling signal transduction appear to be highly conserved between zebrafish and humans that allow using zebrafish for modeling of human diseases some examples of which are illustrated in this paper.
Genetic variations in the regulation of energetic balance
Authors: Pankov Y.A.
Published: April 2015

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near certain genes revealed association of FAT (fat mass and obesity-associated gene), MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor gene), and other genes with obesity. Participation of the FAT expression products in the regulation of energy balance remains to be clarified. The function of MC4R encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is somewhat better understood. α-, β-, and γ-MSH encoded by the POMC gene bind to MC4R, reduce food intake, and slow down fat accumulation. Expression of POMC that codes MSH is enhanced by leptin binding to the receptor (LepRb) in hypothalamic neurons. Mutations in human and animal MC4R, POMC, and LEP genes are known to be associated with obesity. More than 60 mutations in MC4R, more than 20 mutations in POMC and fewer LEP mutations have been reported. Nonsense mutations and reading frame shifts block gene expression and thereby disrupt protein synthesis. Missense mutations frequently affect protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum; unfolded or misfolded proteins remain in the cytoplasm and undergo degradation. Certain missence mutations do not interfere with gene expression and folding of proteins but impair their functioning at the periphery. P.S127L mutation in MC4R, p.E206X and p.F144L mutations in POMC as well as other mutations in homozygous and heterozygous forms account for disturbed energy balance in man. The LEP gene has been reported to contain G133fsX15, p.R105X, p.R105W, and p.S141C mutations. As a rule, they are associated with obesity and other pathological conditions only in homozygous forms.
Effect of curcumin on the nitric oxide induced structural and functional modifications of high molecular mass goat brain cystatin
Authors: Sumbul S. , Khan M.S. , Bano B.
Published: April 2015

Cystatins are thiol proteinase inhibitors ubiquitously present in the mammalian body. In brain, they prevent unwanted proteolysis and are involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Under physiological conditions nitric oxide can be found in almost all the tissues, but under pathological conditions NO has damaging effects. Its increased concentration, under various neural diseases leads to cell damage through formation of highly reactive peroxynitrite. Our present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against NO induced damage of HM-GBC. NO caused intensive structural and functional damage of HM-GBC, resulting in 89% loss of its antiproteolytic activity after 2 h of incubation. Structural damage occurs in the form of protein degradation. Curcumin significantly protected HM-GBC against this damage. This suggests that curcumin has a significant potential in the treatment of diseases caused by nitrogen free radicals and this potential must be further explored for the development of novel drugs.
Low doses x-ray irradiation influence on liver detoxication system in rats with transplanted guerin's carcinoma
Authors: Marchenko M.M. , Kopylchuk G.P. , Ketsa O.V.
Published: April 2015

The activity of detoxication enzymes in liver microsomal fraction of preliminary radiation-exposed rats was investigated. It was shown that preliminary organism exposure to radiation reduced cytochrome Р450 and glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver microsomal fraction in the latent and logarithmic phases of oncogenesis compared with the unirradiated rats with tumor.Low level of cytochrome Р450 activity can be caused by transition of microsomal cytochrome P450 in P420 inactive form.The preliminary radiation does not influence the enzyme activity of liver cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase on terminal stages of Guerin's carcinoma growth.
Low-molecular regulators of polypeptide hormones receptors containing LGR-repeats
Authors: Shpakov A.O. , Shpakova E.A.
Published: April 2015

During the last years the low-molecular non-peptidic regulators of the polypeptide hormones receptors containing LGR-repeats were identified. In the review the data on the structure and the molecular mechanisms of action of these regulators as agonists and antagonists of the luteinizing, follicle-stimulating and thyrotropin hormones are analyzed and systematized. The regulators interact with the serpentine domain of LGR-receptor and trigger the signaling cascades coupled with the receptor. Low-molecular agonists and antagonists of the LGR-receptors are considered as a new generation of the drugs that regulates the functional activity of sensitive to pituitary glycoprotein hormones signaling systems with high efficiency and selectivity. These regulators are more accessible compared to the hormones and can be use orally.
Studying peptides of antibacterial fractions methods of the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Byruak A.K. , Sribnaya O.S. , Purygin P.P.
Published: April 2015

The fractions containing antimicrobic peptides have been purified from a haemolymph of caterpillars Galleria mellonella by chromatographic methods and studied by mass spectrometry.
Comparative termodynamic analysis of thrombin interaction with anti-thrombin aptamers and their heterodimeric construct
Authors: Rakhmetova S.Yu. , Radko S.P. , Gnedenko O.V. , Bodoev N.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

Aptamers interacting selectively with the anion-binding exosites 1 and 2 of thrombin were merged into dimeric oligonucleotide constructs with use of a poly-(dT)-linker of 35 nucleotides (nt) long. Complexes of thrombin with the aptamers and their hetero- and homodimeric constructs were measured using the optical biosensor Biacore-3000. KD values measured for the hetero- and homodimeric constructs were correspondingly 25-30- and 2-3-fold lower than those for the primary aptamers. Analysis of temperature dependencies of KD values within the temperature interval of 10°C-40°C has shown that the values of enthalpy change ΔH upon formation of complexes of thrombin with the aptamers and the hetrodimeric construct are close. The value of the entropy change ΔS upon complex formation of thrombin with the aptamer heterodimeric construct was 1.5-2-fold higher than ΔS values for the complexes with the aptamers. The complex formation and dissociation rates increased with the elevation of temperature from 10°С to 37°С. However, the dissociation rate for the complex of thrombin with the heterodimeric construct was evidently lower that that for the complexes with the aptamers.
Stress and thyroid gland
Authors: Nadolnik L.I.
Published: April 2015

The review highlights the effects of acute and chronic stress on thyroid metabolism. Special attention is paid to the influence of stress and the direct effects of glucocorticoids on the thyroid status, the activities of thyrocyte iodine uptake, oxidation and organification as well as peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones (deposition and transport of thyroid hormones, deiodinase activities in different tissues). The role of stress in the development of thyroid pathology is analysed and charestiristic features of thyroid function alterations during impaired functioning of the pitiutary-adrenal system are established. The mechanisms of the stress-induced impairments in thyroid functions are of interest for further research, taking into consideration serious consequences of thyroid deficiency for the body, even in subclinical thyroid insufficiency.
The effect of various modes of surgical injury of rat buccal mucosa on the content of basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukins 1β and 6 in the dynamics of reparative processes
Authors: Vavilova T.P. , Tarasenko I.V. , Medvedev A.E. , Ostrovskaya I.G.
Published: April 2015

The content of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and also interleukins 1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6) has been investigated in rat buccal mucosa after its surgical injury by an erbium laser (Er:YAG laser) and a scalpel. The laser emission caused a sharp increase in the content of these regulators on the second day after treatment followed by decrease observed on the seventh day. These results may reflect synergistic effect of these peptide regulators in the wound defect. Changes in time-course of bFGF, IL-1β and IL-6 release in the wound formed by the laser beam compared with the wound induced by the cutting instrument may promote earlier appearance of the proliferation phase.
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolismin Hep G2 cells by δ8(14)-15-ketoergostane derivatives
Authors: Mehtiev A.R. , Fedchenko V.I. , Tkachev Ya.V. , Timofeev V.P. , Misharin A.Yu.
Published: April 2015

The comparative study of effects of 5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-on-3β-ol (I), (22E)-5α-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-on-3β-ol (II), (22S,23S)-22,23-oxido-5α-ergost-8(14)-en-15-on-3β-ol (III) and (22R,23R)-22,23-oxido-5α-ergost-8(14)-en-15-on-3β-ol (IV) on HMG-CoA reductase, CYP27A1 and CYP3A4 genes expression in Hep G2 cells was performed. In the contrast to 15-ketocholestane derivative (I), 15-ketoergostane derivatives (II - IV) decreased the HMG- CoA reductase mRNA level; (22R,23R)-22,23-oxido-5α-ergost-8(14)-en-15-on-3β-ol (IV) significantly increased CYP3A4 mRNA level (320% from control). Ketosterol (II) was found to be a more potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in Hep G2 cells at a prolong incubation, compared with ketosterol (I). The side chain conformation of compounds (I) - (IV) was evaluated by computational modeling; the correlation between biological activity of these compounds and conformational flexibility of their side chains was found. The results obtained indicated that Δ8(14)-15-ketoergostane derivatives may be used as a sterol biosynthesis and metabolism regulators in liver cells.
Peculiaries of interactions between proteins of the macroglobulin family and with the endocytic receptors (a possible mechanism of transmembrane transfer)
Authors: Zorina V.N. , Zorina R.M. , Zorin N.A.
Published: April 2015

We have conducted a series of experiments, for specification of mechanisms which proteins of the macroglobulin family deliver regulatory substances inside of a cells. We have shown that all members of the family are not only compete for binding to proteinases, but also can interact with each other. We have confirmed that only a complex of alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) with proteinase is capable to react with the major endocytic receptor (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, LRP). For the first time we have demonstrated, that interaction of α2-MG firstly with proteinase, and then with LRP provokes a progressive conformational consolidation of the multicomplex, which is accompanied by a paradoxical increase of the electrophoretic mobility in comparison with native α2-MG. We suggest that such stepwise conformational consolidation, together with earlier demonstrated charge neutralization (versus pI of internal environments) after interaction firstly with proteinase, and then with LRP, components of is the key moment of the mechanism of transmembrane transfer. Taking into account, that α2-MG transfers a broad spectrum of protein regulators, and interacts not only with LRP, but also with a signal receptor (grp78), and also can regulate (under certain conditions) both own synthesis, and synthesis of LRP and its blocker (receptor - associated protein, RAP), we suggest that this main member of the macroglobulin family plays a leading role in the regulation of intercellular interactions and in the transmission of signal inside of a cell.
Investigation of peroxide modification of low- and very low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease by the method of fluorescent spectroscopy
Authors: Aidyraliev R.K. , Igemberdieva O.A. , Dadabaev M.Kh. , Murataliev T.M. , Aitbaev K.A. , Aldashev A.A.
Published: April 2015

In the total fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL) isolated from serum by precipitation in the presence of heparin-Mn the copper-induced lipid peroxidation was accompanied by accumulation of LPO products, a decrease ANS fluorescence intensity (FANS) and an increase in probe - cation DSP-6, a fluorescence intensity decrease of intrinsic in the ultraviolet area (Fuv) and an increase in the visible area (Fvis). The degree of lipoprotein modification was estimated by calculating the Fvis / Fuv and FDSP-6 / FANS ratio. Strong positive correlation was found between these ratios and concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of LDL+VLDL samples isolated from sera of 49 donors and incubated at 37°С in the presence of 50 M CuSO4 during 0, 3 and 24 hr (Fvis / Fuv (r=0,75; p<0,001) and FDSP-6 / FANS (r=0,73; p<0,001)). Very strong positive correlation was also found between both fluorescent parameters Fvis / Fuv and FDSP-6 / FANS (r=0,95, p<0,001). Changes in the values of Fvis / Fuv, FDSP-6 / FANS, concentration of TBARS in 75 patients with documented coronary heart disease (CHD) and 49 apparently healthy donors were studied. No significant differences of these parameters in LDL+VLDL of patients with CHD and donors were found.
Effects of organic selenium substance, selenomethionine,in acute alcohol intoxication
Authors: Petushok N.E. , Tarasov Yu.A. , Pekhovskaya T.A. , Evkovich I.N. , Shevalye A.A. , Chumachenko S.S.
Published: April 2015

The effect of the preliminary saturation of rats with selenomethionine (50 g/kg, intragastrically, daily, 10 days) prior to acute alcohol intoxication (5 g/kg, 20% ethanol solution, intragastrically, singly on the 11th day with the exposure for 2 hours) was investigated. The activities of glutathione peroxidases (gastrointestinal mucosa, blood plasma, erythrocytes, liver), the levels of oxidized and reduced glutathione, LPO intensity and blood corticosterone level were studied.
Sustained release of the antitumor drug paclitaxel from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based microspheres
Authors: Bonartsev A.P. , Soboleva G.M. , Shaytan K.V. , Kirpichnikov M.P. , Yakovlev S.G. , Filatova E.V. , Makhina T. K. , Bonartseva G.A. , Popov V.O.
Published: April 2015

Development of systems of medicines with sustained action on the basis of biodegradable polymers is a promising trend in modern pharmacology. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (POA) attract increasing attention due to their biodegradability and high biocompatibility, which make them suitable for development of novel drug dosage forms. We obtained microspheres on the basis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) loaded with the antitumor drug paclitaxel. Morphology, drug release kinetics and effect on tumor cells in vitro of microspheres were studied. The data on the kinetics of drug release, biocompatibility and biological activity of the biopolymer microspheres in vitro showed that the studied system of prolonged drug release had lower toxicity and higher efficiency compared to the traditional dosage forms of paclitaxel.
The analysis of interaction between lipoproteins and steroid hormones
Authors: Polyakov L.M. , Sumenkova D.V. , Knyazev R.A. , Panin L.E.
Published: April 2015

Using the methods of ultracentrifugation, gel-filtration and fluorescence quenching, we demonstrated, that plasma lipoproteins bind steroid hormones and can therefore play a role of their active transport form in an organism. High density lipoproteins have revealed the highest affinity to steroids for. It has been found, that protein component of lipoproteins takes part in the formation of lipoprotein-steroid complex. The apolipoprotein A-I, the main protein component of high density lipoproteins, is responsible for binding of steroid hormones. The calculated constants formation of the complexes of lipoproteins with steroid hormones testifies to specificity of linkage. The results obtained allow to considering real opportunity of transfer of steroid hormones into cell by a receptor-mediated endocytosis in structure of lipoproteins complexes.
Evaluation of cytotocicity and efficiency of antioxidant protection of hydrophilic derivatives of 2,4,6-trialkylphenols in Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Rotskaya U.N. , Ovchinnikova L.P. , Vasunina E.A. , Sinitsina O.I. , Kandalintseva N.V. , Prosenko E.A. , Nevinsky G.A.
Published: April 2015

The effects of five new derivatives of 2,6-dialkyl-4-propylphenole containing in para-radical different ionogenic groups (-SO3Na, -S-SO3Na, -S-(NH2)2Cl) in the presence and in the absence of hydrogen peroxide on the survival of E. coli AB1157 cells and its isogenic strain defective in repair enzyme genes were studied. Cell survival treated with hydrogen peroxide was remarkably increased in the presence of (3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-1-sulphonate of sodium (С1). Replacement of methyl оrtho-radicals in the structure of С1 for tret-buthyl or cyclohexyl groups led to a decrease of the compounds ability to protect the cells from exogenic hydrogen peroxide. Between derivatives of 2,6-di-tret-buthylphenol the compound with thiosulphonate group demonstrated properties comparable with those for its sulphonate analog, then a chloride of isotiurone at concentration 3 mM completely suppressed the growth of cells in presence and in the absence of Н2О2. Compound C1 may be considered as most perspective for detail analysis as antioxidant.
Antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes from hypertension patients receiving lisinopril monotherapy or combined lisinopril plus simvastatin therapy
Authors: Kosenko E.A. , Suslikov A.V. , Venediktova N.I. , Kaminsky Y.G.
Published: April 2015

Statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have beneficial impact on the serum cholesterol and blood pressure. It is supposed that statins and ACE inhibitors may modify the antioxidative status of erythrocytes. The study objective was to compare the effects of two treatments, lisinopril alone vs lisinopril plus simvastatin, on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. The study involved 32 patients with arterial hypertension, the initial serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides within the normal range. Patients of two groups, each of 16 subjects, were treated with lisinopril (10 mg/day) or with lisinopril (10 mg/day) plus simvastatin (20 mg/day). Before and after 3 and 6 months of follow-up therapy, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GLR) in purified erythrocytes were determined. In all patients, significantly higher catalase activity (by 79.3-106.5%, p<0.0001) and significantly lower GPx activity (by 20.7-30.6%, p<0.001) were observed after therapy as compared to the baselines. Just the same results were obtained in both groups (lisinopril and lisinopril + simvastatin), after both periods (3 and 6 month) of treatments. SOD activity was increased only in the lisinopril group and only after 6 months (p=0.0345). No changes of GLR reductase activity were seen under all conditions indicated. Thus, the lisinopril monotherapy and combined lisinopril plus simvastatin therapy exhibit specific, pronounced and equipotent effects on antioxidant enzymes in human erythrocytes. Administration of lisinopril or lisinopril plus simvastatin may protect erythrocytes and other tissues from oxidative damage.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and biopolymer systems on the basis of this polyester
Authors: Bonartzev A.P. , Bonartzeva G.A. , Shaitan K.V. , Kirpichnikov M.P.
Published: April 2015

Biodegradable biopolymers attract much attention in biology and medicine due to its wide application. The present review is designed to be a comprehensive source for research of biodegradable and biocompatible bacterial polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). This paper focuses on basic properties of biopolymer: biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as on biopolymer systems: various materials, devices and compositions on the basis of biopolymer. Application of biopolymer systems based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in medicine as surgical implants, in bioengineering as scaffold for cell cultures, and in pharmacy as drug dosage forms and drug systems is observed in the present review.
Study of Dj-1 protein in tissue specimens, cultured cells and serum of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Lisitskaya K.V. , Eremina L.S. , Ivanov A.V. , Kovalyova M.A. , Okhrits V.E. , Toropygin I.Y. , Kovalyov L.I. , Shishkin S.S.
Published: April 2015

Two isoforms of Dj-1 protein were identified using a proteomic study in tissue specimens from two groups of patients with confirmed benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Dj-1 was also found in the cell lines РС-3, DU-145, LNCaP, BPH-1, and the lowest level of Dj-1 was found in BPH-1. Immunochemical study (ELISA) of serum levels of Dj-1, Bcl-2, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 proteins revealed statistically significant distinctions between two groups of patients (р=0,004, Mann-Whitney test) only for Dj-1. Taken together, these data suggest that Dj-1 protein is a perspective biomarker candidate for PCa.
Comparative feature of the glucose metabolism in liver of the rats under acute alcohol and morphine intoxication
Authors: Lelevich S.V.
Published: April 2015

The comparative analysis effect of acute alcohol and morphine intoxications on rats on hepatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway was done. The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of ethanol on activity of limiting enzymes of these metabolic ways, as well as anaerobic reorientation of glucose metabolism was recognised with the increase of the dose of the intake alcohol. Morfine (10 mg/kg) activated enymes of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, but in contrast to ethanol it did not influence these parameters at the dose 20 or 40 mg/kg.
Disfunction membrane-receptor system blood cells in childrensuffering from diabetes type i and ii
Authors: Mikaelyan N.P. , Terentyev A.A. , Gurina A.E. , Smirnov V.V.
Published: April 2015

When metabolic failure in children and adolescents with diabetes, are violations of the structural and functional properties of membrane - the receptor apparatus of cells, accompanied by a decrease in ATP levels, inhibition of activity of membrane-bound enzyme Na+,K+-ATPase, a sharp decrease in insulin binding receptor activity and decrease glucose uptake by cells that indicates a decline in cell sensitivity to insulin.Diabetes in children and adolescents occurs with lipid disorders, activation of the processes of lipid peroxidation, manifested increasing concentrations of both primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation, changes in structural and functional properties of erythrocyte membranes, as well as disturbances in the antioxidant defense system. Changes in the studied indexes depend on the type of diabetes and duration of the disease.Imbalance in the system LPO-AOD in the background shows the development of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, particularly pronounced in type 2 diabetes.
Antioxidant system state in patients with multiple sclerosis current in therapy
Authors: Smirnova L.P. , Krotenko N.V. , Grishko E.V. , Krotenko N.M. , Alifirova V.M. , Ivanova S.A.
Published: April 2015

Activity of erytrocyte glutationperoxidase (GP), glutationreductase (GR), glutationtransferase (GT), glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase (G6PDH), catalase and superoxiddysmutase (SOD), and also, the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity of blood serum were studied in patients with different types of multiple sclerosis. Investigation of peripherical blood was carried out on first day of treatment and after standard therapy of copaxone. All MS patients had high level of MDA and activity of GP in erythrocytes in comparison with a control group. Other antioxidant enzymes of erythrocytes and total antioxidant activity of blood serum exhibited weak positive dynamics in patients with a relapsing remittance of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Decrease of activity of antioxidant system in patients with secondary progression multiple sclerosis (SPMS) was more pronounced and remained unchanged after the treatment. This is consistent with the more severe clinical course of thise disease.
The increase of bioavailability and antiinflammatory effect of indomethacin included into phospholipid nanoparticles
Authors: Shironin A.V. , Ipatova O.M. , Medvedeva N.V. , Prozorovskiy V.N. , Tikhonova E.G. , Zakharova T.S. , Sanzhakov M.A. , Torkhovskaya T.I.
Published: April 2015

The ultrafine formulation on the base of plant phosphatidylcholine and antiinflammatory remedy indomethacin with nanoparticles less than 50 nm was obtained. Drug bioavailability after its peroral administration to rats was more than 2 fold higher as compared with free indomethacin. Increased antiinflammatory activity of indomethacin in phospholipids nanoparticles as compared with its free form was shown in two models of inflammation - adjuvant arthritis in rats and conconavalin A induced edema in mice. The increased bioavailability of indomethacin after administration of its phospholipid formulation allows to decrease a dose for achievement of therapeutic effect, that reduces risks of occurrence of collateral displays.
Soluble guanylate cyclase in the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of drugs
Authors: Pyatakova N.V. , Severina I.S.
Published: April 2015

The influence of ambroxol - a mucolytic drug - on the activity of human platelet soluble guanylate cyclase and rat lung soluble guanylate cyclase and activation of both enzymes by NO-donors (sodium nitroprusside and Sin-1) were investigated. Ambroxol in the concentration range from 0.1 to 10 μM had no effect on the basal activity of both enzymes. Ambroxol inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the sodium nitroprusside-induced human platelet soluble guanylate cyclase and rat lung soluble guanylate cyclase with the IC50 values 3.9 and 2.1 μM, respectively. Ambroxol did not influence the stimulation of both enzymes by protoporphyrin IX.The influence of artemisinin - an antimalarial drug - on human platelet soluble guanylate cyclase activity and the enzyme activation by NO-donors were investigated. Artemisinin (0.1-100 μM) had no effect on the basal activity of the enzyme. Artemisinin inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the sodium nitroprusside-induced activation of human platelet guanylate cyclase with an IC50 value 5.6 μM. Artemisinin (10 μM) also inhibited (by 71±4.0%) the activation of the enzyme by thiol-dependent NO-donor the derivative of furoxan, 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-oxadiazolo-2-oxide (10 μM), but did not influence the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by protoporphyrin IX. It was concluded that the sygnalling system NO-soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP is involved in the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic action of ambroxol and artemisinin.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of Dimerization Inhibitors Binding to HIV Protease Monomers by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Ershov P.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Molnar A.A. , Lisitsa A.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

Here, we describe the analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for binding of peptide and nonpeptide dimerization inhibitors to immobilized HIV protease (HIVp) monomers by using surface plasmon resonance. Molecular interactions were investigated at different inhibitors concentrations (0-80 μM) and temperatures (15-35°C). The kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters have been determined. It was found that both inhibitors were characterized by similar interaction parameters. The complex formation is entropically driven process for both inhibitors. The entropic term(-ТΔS) had the value about -20 kcal/mol while the enthalpic term (ΔH) had the positive value about 14 kcal/mol and counteracted the complex formation.
Peculiar properties of glutathione system and nadph-generated enzymes functioning in blood of patients with drug-induced hepatitis under combined treatment with epifamin
Authors: Popov S.S. , Shulgin K.K. , Pashkov A.N. , Zoloyedov V.I. , Shvedov G.I. , Rakhmanova T.I.
Published: April 2015

Activity of the glutathione antioxidant system has been studied in patients with drug-induced hepatitis treated with standart base therapy and combined with epifamin therapy. In blood serum of patients beforе treatment the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities versus control were observed. Combined treatment with epifamin changed GSH level to the normal values. Treatment with epifamin was accompanied by pronounced increase in GP and GR activities compared with standard therapy. Activities of the NADPH-generated enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which decreased at this pathology, also demonstrated a more significant increase than standart treatment.
Some biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid for estimation of effectiveness of the treatment of the knee joint osteoarthrosis
Authors: Meshcheryakova M.G. , Trilis Ya.G. , Kirillova N.V. , Alpatova A.T. , Muhin I.A. , Kozhevin A.A.
Published: April 2015

The knee joint osteoarthrosis is accompanied by activation of the oxidative stress in the synovial liquid. Specific treatment decreased or even normalized such biochemical parameters of the synovial liquid as the carbonyl groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total protein content. The most demonstrative changes were found for early and late markers of the oxidative modification of proteins. These parameters may be used in laboratory diagnostics of the depth of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the knee joint and for the estimation of the effectiveness of the treatment.
Computer classification models on the relationship between chemical structures of compounds and drugs with their blood brain barrier penetration
Authors: Raevsky O.A. , Solodova S.L. , Raevskaya O.E. , Liplavskiy Y.V. , Mannhold R.M.
Published: April 2015

Ability of drugs to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) (BBB+ for BBB-penetrating and BBB- for non-penetrating compounds) is one of the most important properties of chemicals acting on the central nervous system (CNS). This work presents the results of modelling of the relationship between chemicals structure and BBB-crossing ability. The data set included 1513 compounds BBB+/- (1276 BBB+ and 237 BBB-). Computer modelling of structure-activity relationship was realized by two directions: using the "read-across" method and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on physico-chemical descriptors. It was found that a sum of donor-acceptor factors is the principal parameter, which define BBB penetration.
Binase penetration into alveolar epithelial cellsdoes not induce cell death
Authors: Cabrera Fuentes H.A. , Kalacheva N.V. , Mukhametshina R.T. , Zelenikhin P.V. , Kolpakov A.I. , Barreto G. , Preissner K.T. , Ilinskaya O.N.
Published: April 2015

Microbial ribonucleases possess a broad spectra of biological activities, demonstrating stimulating properties at low concentrations and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at high concentrations. The mechanisms of their penetration into the cells are not clear so far. This research is aimed to the study of Bacillus intermedius RNase (binase) penetration in alveolar lung epithelial cells - pneumocytes of type II. Using immunofluorescence we have shown for the first time have internalization of binase by primary non-differentiated pneumocytes АТII. The enzyme did not penetrate in pneumocytes MLE-12, which also derived from type II cells. However, binase was cytotoxic towards tumor MLE-12 cells, but not АТII cells. The obtained results testified the higher sensitivity of tumor cells towards binase compared with normal cells, and also showed that penetration of the enzyme into alveolar cells did not directly correlated with the cell death.
Pharmacological activity echinochrome a singly and consisting of baa "timarin"
Authors: Artyukov A.A. , Popov A.M. , Tsybulsky A.V. , Krivoshapko O.N. , Polyakova N.V.
Published: April 2015

Pharmacological activity of echinochrome A (EchA) alone and in the biologically active additives (BAA) "Timarin", administered per os has been investigated on volunteers. EchA decreased serum glutatione (GSH) and increased catalase activity 1 h after treatment; catalase activity normalized, while GSH exceeded the initial level 3 h after the treatment. Changes in serum lipid spectrum, demonstrating reduction of the risk atherogenesis were determined.
Sulfated polysaccharides of brown seaweeds - ligands of toll-like receptors
Authors: Makarenkova I.D. , Logunov D.Y. , Tukhvatulin A.I. , Semenova I.B. , Zvyagintseva T.N. , Gorbach V.I. , Ermakova S.P. , Besednova N.N.
Published: April 2015

The interaction of sulfated polysaccharides - fucoidans from brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Laminaria cichorioides and Fucus evanescens with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on membranes of embryonic human kidney epithelial cells (HEK293-null, HEK293-TLR2/CD14, HEK293-hTLR4/CD14-MD2 and HEK293-hTLR2/6) was investigated. In vitro fucoidans specifically interacted with ТLR-2, ТLR-4, and the heterodimer ТLR-2/6 resultated in activation of transcription nuclear factor NF-κB. Analysis of composition the hydrolyzed fucoidan from F. evanescens was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated the absence of 3-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3-OHC14), the basic component of lipopolysaccharides in the preparation. Thus, the obtained results suggested that fucoidans from brown seaweeds possessing immunotropic activity are independent ligands for TLRs, and are able to induce genetically determined biochemical processes of protection organisms against pathogenic microorganisms.
The influence of chromium chloride consumption on peroxidation processes and activity of antioxidant defence in rat tissues
Authors: Iskra R.Ya. , Yanovych V.G.
Published: April 2015

The supplementation of a standart vivarium food with 200 mg/kg CrCl3×6H2O caused an increase in chromium content and a decrease in hydroperoxide and TBARS in most tissues examined. Also in all organs and tissues of rats the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase incresed at action of chromium increased. In brain and kidneys the level of reduced glutathione increased. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in heart and skeletal muscles of animals and equal in lungs and liver, and in other organs - brain, kidneys and spleen in animals of the studied group the enzyme activity was lower compared to animals of control group. These results demonstrate the regulatory influence of chromium on free radical process in rat tissues.
Acute intravenous toxicity to mice calculations on the basis local regression models in superoverlapping clusters (LRMSC)
Authors: Raevsky O.A. , Liplavskaya E.A. , Worth A.P. , Grigorev V.U.
Published: April 2015

Modeling of quantitative structure - activity relationships between physicochemical descriptors of organic chemicals and their acute intravenous toxicity in mice have been presented. This approach includes three steps: structure-similarity chemicals selection for every chemical-of-interest (clusterization); construction of quantitative structure - toxicity models for every cluster (without including of chemical-of-interest); application of obtained QSAR equations for chemical-of-interest toxicity estimation. This approach has been applied for acute intravenous toxicity calculations of 10241 organic chemicals. For 7759 chemicals which has enough quantity of structural neighbours with the Tanimoto index (Tc) on the level 0.30 and over, a standard deviation of calculation vs. experimental log(1/LD50) values is equal to 0.51 at the estimation of experimental determination on the level 0.50. The results of calculations isn't so good for remain chemicals (~24%). It is connect with absence of sufficient number of structure similarity neighbours. It's assumed this QSAR approach can be useful for activity and toxicity prediction of chemicals large sets.
Strain differentiation of staphylococcus aureus by means of direct maldi tof mass spectrometry profiling
Authors: Kornienko M. , Ilina E. , Borovskaya A. , Edelstein M. , Sukhorukova M. , Kostrzewa M. , Govorun V.
Published: April 2015

Staphylococcus aureus - one of the most interesting for clinical studies of microbial species with extensive strain diversity, primarily due to the variability of virulence factors and pathogenicity. The aim of this study was approbation of a method for the rapid strain differentiation of S. aureus on the basis of bacterial cell direct protein profiling approach by means of MALDI TOF MS. Beta-lactamase and alpha-hemolysin productions, cording by the blaZ and hla genes, respectively, were selected as markers for the strain differentiation. Mathematical analysis of MALDI mass spectra from 53 isolates allowed the construction of two independent classification models that can differentiate the strains on the presence/absence of blaZ or hla genes. A number of the most significant peaks (masses), which can be considered as markers of the strain differences in S. aureus, were identified using a statistical contribution of each mass peak in the models. These diagnostic models differ the sensitivity and the specificity, which were 97.5% and 82.5% for the classification of strains on the basis of beta-lactamase production, and 90.0% and 88.7% by the presence of alpha-hemolysin.
Intensity of cardiac free-radicals processes and expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes in rats with adrenaline
Authors: Iskusnykh I.Y. , Popova T.N. , Musharova O.S.
Published: April 2015

The correlation between changes in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart of rats during development of adrenaline myocarditis and intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminesce parameters and the content of lipoperoxidation products was demonstrated. The maximal increase of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities (in 1.8 and 1.4 times accordingly) was observed t 24 h after the development of the pathological process; this coincided with the maximum intensity of prosesses of free radical oxidation. Using combination of reverse transcriptions with real-time polymerase chain reaction the cardiac mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes were determined during the development of adrenaline myocarditis in rats. Analysis of expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes showed, that the level of this transcripts demonstrated 2,8- and 7,3- increase in rats with adrenaline myocarditis, respectively. Obviously, overexpression of these enzymes can increase the resistance of cardiomyocites to oxidative stress.