bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethylcellulose- An Amazing Polymer For Anticancer Formulations
Authors: Mittal Vishnu , Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background:

A cellulose derivative known as ethyl cellulose has gained a lot of interest because of its special qualities and prospective uses in systems for the controlled administration of medications. This study concentrates on patents that examine the use of ethyl cellulose for anticancer preparations. Polymeric drug delivery methods are gaining significant research due to their potential to enhance therapeutic effectiveness, improve bioavailability, and
reduce toxicity

Objective:

The primary objective of incorporating ethyl cellulose into anticancer preparations is
to develop safe, effective, and targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. This study aims to
provide a comprehensive overview of recent patents that specifically explore the use of ethyl
cellulose in the prevention and treatment of different cancers.

Methods:

The patent review methodology employed an extensive search across multiple patent
databases to identify relevant patents on the utilization of ethyl cellulose in anticancer preparations.

Results:

The formulations described in these patents demonstrated sustained and controlled drug
release profiles, which resulted in improved therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential adverse effects. Our comprehensive review revealed multiple patents that utilized ethyl cellulose as
a polymer in the creation of anticancer preparations. The studies conducted in these patents
showcased enhanced drug release kinetics, improved cellular uptake, and increased anticancer
activity compared to conventional formulations.

Conclusion:

The analysis of these patents strongly indicates that ethyl cellulose exhibits substantial potential as a versatile polymer for anticancer preparations. The findings strongly suggest
that incorporating ethyl cellulose into drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs, thus benefiting patients.
Scientific Literature
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Singh Akshat , Singh Abhyuday , Kharb Deepa
Published: December 2023

Writing a scientific paper, research report, or presenting research data for oral presentation is an art that comes with practice and experience. This chapter intends to make readers aware of the basic features of scientific writing and digital technology platforms for documents available.
Biotechnology Regulations
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Singh Akshat , Singh Abhyuday , Kharb Deepa
Published: December 2023

This chapter introduces patenting and fundamental research, copyrights, trademarks, biotechnological patents, current issues in patenting, Indian response to patent upheaval and bioprospecting along with the existing risk-analysis system for biotechnology products, surveying agency authorities. Regulations in biotechnology apply to the production, sale and use of biotech products and genetically modified organisms and regulatory agencies conduct their functions to protect public health, safety, and the environment.
Ethics in Science & Technology
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Singh Akshat , Singh Abhyuday , Kharb Deepa
Published: December 2023

This chapter discusses conceptual issues in arguing for the ethics of science and technology. Since we live in a world where scientific knowledge and new technologies are continuously challenging our values, and we have to live our daily lives and make decisions based on the fundamental values of human dignity in our civilisation, scientists are no exception. Governments and private sectors have recognized the importance of ethics required to reconcile the human imperatives of development and sustainability. It is necessary to conduct both in-depth research on ethics and strengthen ethics education in science and technology to solve the problems brought about by rapid developments in the field. Stem cell research, genetic testing, and cloning are giving human beings new power to improve health and control development processes of all living species. Concerns about the social, cultural, legal and ethical implications of such progress are the most significant debates of the past century and a new word has been coined to encompass these concerns, i.e. bioethics.
Medical Biotechnology
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Singh Akshat , Singh Abhyuday , Kharb Deepa
Published: December 2023

Medical biotechnology incorporates many of the topics that have already been discussed in this book. Right from developing new drugs to prospects of stem cell use and cloning, the possibilities are enormous.
Epigenetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Adiga Divya , Eswaran Sangavi , Sriharikrishnaa S. , Khan Nadeem G. , Prasada Kabekkodu Shama , Kumar Dileep
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exemplifies a looming epidemic lacking effective
treatment and manifests with the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-β
plaques, neuroinflammation, behavioral changes, and acute cognitive impairments. It is
a complex, multifactorial disorder that arises from the intricate interaction between
environment and genetic factors, restrained via epigenetic machinery. Though the
research progress has improved the understanding of clinical manifestations and
disease advancement, the causal mechanism of detrimental consequences remains
undefined. Despite the substantial improvement in recent diagnostic modalities, it is
challenging to distinguish AD from other forms of dementia. Accurate diagnosis is a
major glitch in AD as it banks on the symptoms and clinical criteria. Several studies are
underway in exploring novel and reliable biomarkers for AD. In this direction,
epigenetic alterations have transpired as key modulators in AD pathogenesis with the
impeding inferences for the management of this neurological disorder. The present
chapter aims to discuss the significance of epigenetic modifications reported in the
pathophysiology of AD such as DNA methylation, hydroxy-methylation, methylation
of mtDNA, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Additionally, the chapter also
describes the possible therapeutic avenues that target epigenetic modifications in AD.
Memantine and Glutamate Antagonists in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Updates
Authors: Kore Rakesh , Tiwari Priya , Patel Vijay K , Shirbhate Ekta , Veerasamy Ravichandran , Mishra Achal , Rajak Harish
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most important cause of dementia and a
complex chronic neurodegenerative disease. Many of the currently marketed drugs are
used to treat this disease condition, but a major issue with these drugs is their
neurotoxicity. Alzheimer's treatment with the FDA approval of memantine resolves the
neurotoxicity issue. Memantine acts on glutamate and its receptors in the treatment of
AD. Recent studies show that NMDA receptor-acting drugs are doing well in the
healing of Alzheimer's patients, because of their selectivity on receptor and
neuroprotective activity. The present work is an attempt to collect updated information
about memantine and glutamate antagonists used for the treatment of AD.
Enzymatic Targets for Drug Discovery Against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ozan Ozgen Ahmet , Emre Eyupoglu Ozan
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. The disease itself
is progressive and full recovery from it isn’t achievable yet. There are several
hypotheses asserted (Cholinergic hypothesis, Amyloid hypothesis etc.) to explain the
mechanisms behind the disease. Also, many targets have been identified for possible
therapeutics and from these targets, numerous drug candidates have been evaluated in
clinical trials. Unfortunately, most of these trials failed due to the enigmatic nature of
this disease. Currently, there are 7103 targets associated with Alzheimer's disease listed
in the Open Targets platform where 1240 of them are enzyme-related. In this chapter,
enzymatic targets of the AD have been reviewed, and those claimed to have disease modifying effects were selected and presented according to their clinical significance.
Tau Protein: Targets And Development Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dubey Sonal , AR Mahesh
Published: December 2023

The clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated
human tauopathies are driven by tau neuronal and glial abnormalities. Tau, a
microtubule-associated protein is inherently disordered due to its lack of a stable
structure and great flexibility. Intracellular inclusions of fibrillar tau with a sheet shape
accumulate in the brains of individuals with AD and other tauopathies. As a result, tau
separation from microtubules and tau transition from a disordered state to an
inappropriately aggregated state are critical steps before the start of tau-related
illnesses. Many studies have demonstrated that this shift is triggered by post translational changes such as hyperphosphorylation and acetylation. Before the
development of tau inclusions, the misfolded tau self-assembles and forms a tau
oligomer. Animal and clinical research utilising human samples has shown that tau
oligomer development contributes to neuronal death. During tauopathies, tau seeds are
released from cells and absorbed into neighbouring cells, resulting in the spread of
abnormal tau aggregation. Thus, Tau has become both a physiological and pathological
target for AD treatments during the last decade. Evidence reveals many potential
techniques for preventing tau-mediated toxicity: (1) direct suppression of pathological
tau aggregation; (2) inhibition of tau post-translational changes that occur before
pathological tau aggregation; (3) inhibition of tau propagation; and (4) microtubule
stabilisation. Aside from traditional low-molecular-weight compounds, newer drug
discovery approaches, such as the development of medium-molecular-weight drugs
(peptide- or oligonucleotide-based drugs) and high-molecular-weight drugs (antibody based drugs), provide alternative pathways to preventing the formation of abnormal
tau. Suppression of protein kinases or protein-3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminl)-L-serine/threonine hydrolase, inhibition of tau aggregation, active and passive
immunotherapies, and tau silencing using antisense oligonucleotides; in several animal
models, have shown the capacity to prevent or minimise tau lesions and treat either
cognitive or motor impairment. Immunotherapy, which has already reached the clinical
stage of drug development, is the most advanced technique for treating human
tauopathies. Tau vaccines or humanised antibodies are designed to target a range of tauspecies in both intracellular and extracellular environments. Some of them recognise
the amino- or carboxy-terminus, while others have proline-rich areas or microtubule binding domains that they can attach to. In this review, we examine various clinical
targets for the treatment of tauopathies as well as the various molecules researched as
tau inhibitors that can be used in AD. Furthermore, we explore the efficacy of some of
the prominent molecules in clinical studies for tau-targeted therapies research.
Promising Nano-Carriers-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches for the Effective Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kumari Yogita , Raj Khushboo , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an attained disorder of cognitive and behavioral
impingement with progressive symptoms over time. It is mostly witnessed in elderly
people, and as per the World Health Organization (WHO), it has affected more than 35
million people worldwide, and this figure is presumed to double by the year 2050. The
most commonly believed cause of AD is the accumulation of beta-amyloid, which
forms extracellular plaques. Presently conventional therapy for treating cognitive
impairments in AD relies on a neurotransmitter or enzyme modulation strategy.
Conventional approved drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (memantine,
tacrine), are widely available for the treatment of mild to moderate AD, but due to their
lower bioavailability, poor solubility, and ineffective capability to surpass the blood brain barrier (BBB), they often fail to produce the desired effect. The potency of
conventional AD drugs is highly dependent on various physiological aspects such as
BBB; blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and drug efflux by P-glycoprotein, which all
hampers the capabilities of AD drugs to grasp the central nervous system (CNS). So, in
order to conquer the hurdle and these existing limitations faced by CNS drugs to cross
the BBB, innovative pathways in drug development have become the need of the hour.
Various nanocarriers based approaches profitably meet this demand by improving the
efficacy as well as facilitating the sustained release of the entrapped AD drug via
targeted drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier offers protection to the central nervous
system and also limits the entry of therapeutic molecules to the CNS. On the other
hand, nanotechnology offers the possibility to deliver small molecules against CNS
disorders across BBB due to their enormous properties, such as small surface area,
controllable physicochemical properties, higher drug payload, and better drug
circulation time. Plenty of nanocarriers and nanoparticle prodrugs have been reported
to have inconsequential cytotoxicity in preclinical studies, and these advancements
have proclaimed a new juncture for the development of new classes of nano carriers’
based potent drug formulations for the treatment of AD. A plethora of nanotechnology-based approaches such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon
nanotubes, and metal-based carriers have been redefined over time, and they have been successfully focusing on both neuroprotective and neurogenerative techniques for
treating AD. Many researchers also reported that nanotechnological-based techniques
can improve the early diagnosis of AD and enhance the therapeutic efficacy and
bioavailability of drugs.
Effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Consequently on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bhatnagar Devyani , Ladhe Shreya , Kumar Dileep
Published: December 2023

With the discovery of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) and its isoenzymes in
various Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models and the brain of AD patients, the role of CA
in AD pathology has become of keen interest among scholars around the world.
Several experiments were performed to investigate the same, albeit they didn’t provide
us with the exact mechanism through which CAs are involved in AD progression, but
they gave us an important insight into the beneficial outcomes of CA inhibition.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) administration showed a significant reduction in
the release of the proapoptotic factor- Cytochrome C (cyt C) from the challenged
mitochondria (under oxidative stress). Thus, a link between ageing, oxidative stress,
mitochondria dysfunction and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease was established.
Treatment with CAI indirectly lowers neuronal loss and, thus, cognitive impairment,
which are characteristic features of AD. Though, the precise functions of CA in
exaggerating or mediating AD still remain hazy, with the support of various
scholarships globally, the use of CAII (an isoenzyme of CA) as a potential biomarker
for AD can be proposed.
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATION IN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA EFGR MUTATION WITH A CONSOLIDATION-TO-TUMOR-RATIO (CTR) >75%
Authors: Prasetyo Firman Adi , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi
Published: December 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) accounts for a large proportion of lung cancer subtypes and causes various neurologic complications. This calls for extensive use of CT scans for detecting lung cancer which contains ground glass opacity (GGO). A Consolidation-to-tumor-ratio (CTR) >75% has a worse prognosis in LAC. A male 50-years-old came with paraplegia, complaining suddenly that his legs could not be moved. The patient performed a spine MRI with the result indicating a spinal metastatic process. Furthermore, the Chest X-ray only showed consolidation in the right paracardial area but the chest CT confirmed as lung mass followed by histopathology examination result of LAC with EFGR mutation. After three months, the patient also had multiple cerebral infarcts. We reported one case of LAC EFGR mutation with a CTR of 83%. higher CTR has more invasive adenocarcinomas and also correlated with immunosuppressive conditions compared with a low CTR. The patient was diagnosed lately after a complication of spinal compression. The other neurological complication is multiple cerebral infarcts. The pathogenesis of cancer-associated stroke has not been fully clarified. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these cerebrovascular complications are multifactorial. Other biological markers may also be of interest, including high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), high levels of fibrinogen, decreased hemoglobin, and hypoalbuminemia. Retrospective studies on acute stroke detected significantly higher levels of fibrinogen and CRP in patients with cryptogenic stroke and occult malignancy. LAC with a CTR >75% is more invasive due to neurologic complications such as spinal metastases and stroke infarction.
Keywords: Lung adenocarcinoma, CTR, Stroke, Metastase
Analysis of Chitinase Enzyme Trichoderma sp. in Degrading Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Rosyida Risya , Martosudiro Mintarto , Muhibuddin Anton
Published: December 2023

The chitinase enzyme in Trichoderma sp. play an important role in pathogen control. This is because chitin is the main component of the fungal cell wall which the chitinase enzyme can degrade. One Trichoderma sp. isolate was obtained (UBPK6) with the highest percentage of inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, 76.71%. In addition, UBPK6 isolates also showed the highest bromocresol purple reagent test results (indicating the presence of chitinase enzymes). Chitinase enzyme activity was measured for Trichoderma asperellum isolates. The results showed that the optimum incubation period for enzyme production was the 4th day, with an enzyme activity value of 4.05 U/mL. It indicates that this time is the right time for harvesting enzymes. Furthermore, the effect of pH on the chitinase enzyme activity of Trichoderma asperellum fungus. The test results showed that the optimum value was produced at pH 5 with a value of 3.4 U/mL and decreased afterward. The pH five treatment was the best in inhibiting the growth of pathogens, with an inhibition value of 60.63%. The higher the content of the chitinase enzyme, the higher its ability to degrade damage to the germination of pathogenic spores, thus causing the growth of the pathogen to be inhibited.
Clinical decision support systems during teaching: a hands-on comparison (Preprint)
Authors: Montagna Marco , Chiabrando Filippo , De Lorenzo Rebecca ,   Medical Students, Rovere Querini Patrizia
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Healthcare practitioners use Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) as an aid in the crucial task of clinical reasoning and decision making. Traditional CDSS are Online Repositories (OR) and Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have emerged as potential alternatives. They have proven to be powerful innovative tools, yet they are not devoid of worrisome risks.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how medical students utilize ChatGPT as a CDSS in a teaching environment.

METHODS

The authors randomly divided medical students into three groups and assigned each group a different type of CDSS for guidance in answering prespecified questions, assessing how students’ ability at resolving the same clinical case varied accordingly. External reviewers evaluated all answers based on accuracy and completeness metrics (Score: 1-5). The authors analyzed and categorized group scores according to the skill investigated: Differential Diagnosis, Diagnostic Workup, and Clinical Decision Making.

RESULTS

Answering time showed a trend for the ChatGPT group to be the fastest. The mean scores for completeness were: 4.0 (CPG), 3.7 (OR), 3.8 (ChatGPT). The mean scores for accuracy were: 4.0 (CPG), 3.3 (OR), 3.7 (ChatGPT). Aggregating scores according to the three students’ skill domains, trends in differences among the groups emerge more clearly, with the CPG group that performed best in nearly all domains and maintained almost perfect alignment between its completeness and accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS

This hands-on session provided valuable insights into the potential perks and associated pitfalls of LLMs in medical education and practice. It suggested the critical need to include teachings in Medical Degree Courses on how to properly take advantage of LLMs, as the potential for misuse is evident and real.
Clinical skills assessment in undergraduate medical education (Preprint)
Authors: Hillyar Christopher
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are complex instruments for assessment of vocational competence. The construction of an OSCE is multifaceted, involving development of content, candidate instructions, mark sheets, examiner training, simulated patients and selection of an appropriate venue. Although many Universities have their own guidelines for OSCE development for undergraduate medical education, there is a lack of consensus on how to approach assessment of clinical skills. This article aims to provide a critical analysis of OSCE assessment. A novel blueprint that increases congruence between OSCE stations and the examinable competencies is outlined. A number of threats to assessment utility are discussed, including candidate instructions, mark sheets, examiner conduct, simulated patients and venue.

OBJECTIVE

.

METHODS

.

RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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CLINICALTRIAL

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Khảo sát tương tác của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne incognita và nấm Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense trên cây chuối già Nam Mỹ (Musa acuminata) trong điều kiện nhà lưới
Authors: Nguyễn Gia Huy , Lê Thị Ngọc Tiền , Trần Vũ Phến
Published: December 2023

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát sự tương tác giữa tuyến trùng bướu rễ Meloidogyne incognita và nấm Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense gây bệnh héo rũ Panama trên giống chuối già Nam Mỹ Musa cavendish “Grande Naine” đánh giá sự tương tác đồng thời của hai tác nhân mầm bệnh và sự gia tăng tuần tự của mật số tuyến trùng đến triệu chứng héo rũ Panama. Kết quả ghi nhận tại các thí nghiệm được lây nhiễm kết hợp đồng thời hai tác nhân tuyến trùng và nấm bệnh đều có chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng của cây thấp hơn, biểu hiện triệu chứng héo rũ và/hoặc thiếu dinh dưỡng nặng hơn so với khi lây nhiễm riêng lẻ, mức độ này tăng nhanh và trầm trọng hơn theo sự gia tăng mật số tuyến trùng hiện diện đồng thời. Nghiệm thức mật độ tuyến trùng Meloidogyne incognita 1 con/g đất và nấm Fusarium oxysporum 106 bào tử/mL thì sự phát triển của cây đã giảm và thấp hơn so với nghiệm thức chỉ xâm nhiễm riêng lẻ và sự gia tăng triệu chứng héo rũ tỷ lệ thuận với mật số tuyến trùng M. incognita. Tuy nhiên, thí nghiệm lây nhiễm 4 con tuyến trùng/g đất tương tác với 106 bào tử nấm/mL thì mật độ tuyến trùng gia tăng thấp nhất cho thấy với mật độ lây nhiễm ban đầu cao đã có sự cạnh tranh giữa hai tác nhân ký sinh.
Hiệu quả của chế phẩm vi sinh plant probiotics (PP) lên đặc tính sinh học đất, sinh trưởng và năng suất cây mồng tơi (Basella alba L.) ở điều kiện nhà lưới
Authors: Trần Viết Phú , Trần Võ Hải Đường , Nguyễn Quốc Tịnh , Nguyễn Khởi Nghĩa
Published: December 2023

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của chế phẩm vi sinh plant probiotics (PP) chứa vi khuẩn Bacillus spp. và Lactobacillus spp. lên đặc tính sinh học đất, sinh trưởng và năng suất cây mồng tơi ở điều kiện nhà lưới. Thí nghiệm được bố trí theo thể thức hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 6 nghiệm thức, 4 lần lặp lại và liên tục trong 2 vụ. Kết quả cho thấy các nghiệm thức bổ sung chế phẩm vi sinh PP riêng lẻ hoặc kết hợp với 50% và 75% NPK khuyến cáo giúp gia tăng mật số vi khuẩn trong đất. Đặc biệt, việc bón chế phẩm vi sinh PP kết hợp bón giảm 25% NPK được khuyến cáo giúp gia tăng chiều cao cây, chiều dài và chiều rộng lá, hàm lượng chlorophyll trong lá và khối lượng cây mồng tơi tươi/chậu tương đương với nghiệm thức bón 100% NPK khuyến cáo. Tóm lại, chế phẩm vi sinh PP có tiềm năng ứng dụng hiệu quả cho canh tác rau màu theo hướng an toàn, bền vững.
Derivative-Based Analysis of Institutional Quality, Resource Abundance, and Economic Growth Dynamics
Authors: Muhammad Abdulgaffar , Jeroh Edirin , Abasido Anthony Unyime , Isyaku Maryam , Adesugba Anthony Kolade
Published: December 2023

This paper delves into the intricate nexus between institutional quality, natural resource abundance, and economic growth through derivative-based mathematical analysis. Utilizing a framework represented by G=Rα* Qβ, the study explores how institutional dynamics sculpt growth trajectories. The first derivative  delineates economic growth’s sensitivity to institutional changes, while the second derivative unveils curvature in growth dynamics. The synthesis of findings illuminates resonance or hindrances in growth due to institutional shifts. Theoretical insights highlight the transformative role of robust institutions in mitigating the resource curse. Policy implications emphasize resource revenue diversification, institutional fortification, human capital investment, environmental sustainability, and long-term vision. Limitations acknowledge the model’s simplification and call for expanded dimensions and empirical validation. This derivative-based approach, while potent, prompts further refinement for a comprehensive understanding of economic complexities.
A Study of Writing of China in W. H. Auden’s Journey to a War
Authors: LI Yongyi , CUI Dan
Published: December 2023

China is one of the countries that paid a precious price during World War II. In this unprecedented human catastrophe, as an important force in the world’s anti-fascist alliance and the main battlefield of the East, China, together with other countries committed to gaining the national and international independence and made significant national sacrifices and historical contributions to eventually win the Warof Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. In that critical era, British poet W. H. Auden went to China in 1938 with his close friend and companion, British writer Christopher Isherwood to witness the reality and became the first pack to make it known to the world. As a war correspondent, he recorded the Chinese battlefield under World War II from a perspective that transcended any particular national, racial, gender, class, and touching writing style, leaving behind many precious first-hand materials, which are extremely valuable in history and literary ethics and inspiring for future generations.
Как рождаются дорожные карты: обзор материалов Форума «Микроэлектроника 2023»
Authors: Наумов А.В. , Полесских А.В. , Башкатов А.С.
Published: December 2023

Форум «Микроэлектроника‑2023» состоялся
с 9 по 14 октября 2023 года на федеральной
территории «Сириус» в г. Сочи. На конференции
были представлены 869 научных докладов.
Общее количество участников форума
составило 2 500 человек. В настоящем обзоре
представлены доклады, заслушанные на форуме
«Микроэлектроника» в рамках работы секции
№ 12 «Технологии оптоэлектроники и фотоники»
в подсекции 12.1 «Опто- и фотоэлектроника».
Бесконтактная система измерения геометрических параметров решеток ионных двигателей
Authors: Завьялов П.С. , Власов Е.В. , Белобородов А.В. , Кравченко М.С. , Гущина А.А. , Скоков Д.В.
Published: December 2023

Обозначена проблема измерения важнейшего параметра, характеризующего работу ионного двигателя, зазора между экраном, ускоряющей и замедляющей сетками блока ионной оптики. Предложена измерительная система, реализующая теневой метод в параллельных лучах и позволяющая проводить измерения в вакуумной камере. Для снижения жестких требований к точности позиционирования объекта при измерениях значения параметра в системе используется телецентрический объектив. Система успешно прошла испытания, результаты измерений представлены в работе.
Обнаружение систем скрытого видеонаблюдения на основе датчика глубины смартфона
Authors: Юсуповский А.С. , Юсуповский А.С.
Published: December 2023

В работе представлены материалы
исследований, связанные с применением
видеосистемы смартфона (датчика
глубины) для поиска скрытых
видеокамер в различных помещениях,
в т. ч. в местах временного размещения
(номера гостиниц, раздевалки,
салон автомобиля и т. д.), в которых
у человека возникает подозрение
о нарушении его личного пространства
или конфиденциальности. Датчик
глубины смартфона позволяет повысить
эффективность автоматизированного
поиска скрытых видеокамер по бликам
оптики для неподготовленного человека
и специалистов служб безопасности.
В статье сформулированы предложения
по процедуре проведения поиска
скрытых видеокамер и определены
основные технические характеристики
эффективного обследования.
Influence of Interfering Parameters in Electrospark Testing of Paint Coatings
Authors: Syasko V.A. , Gnivush I.S. , Musikhin A.S.
Published: December 2023

An analysis is made of interfering factors, such as base surface roughness and partial discharges, which can affect the process of continuity testing by the electrospark method, reducing the breakdown voltage of the interelectrode gap and leading to false alarms. To consider the influence of the coating base surface roughness, the distribution of the electric field in the system of two electrodes with a given roughness was constructed in the Ansys Electronics Desktop program. An experiment was carried out to determine the breakdown voltage of the air gap for different values of the surface roughness of one of the electrodes. A film 0.05 mm thick with a hole simulating a defect was placed on the roughness sample. An electrode was placed on the surface of the film in the region of the hole, to which a control voltage was applied. The voltage was increased to the value of the breakdown voltage and fixed. The experiment showed that the breakdown voltage of the interelectrode gap, simulating a through coating defect, practically does not change with a change in roughness. The process of electrospark testing can be affected by the waviness of the coating and the inhomogeneity of its thickness, which lead to the formation of air gaps between the electrode and the coating surface. It is shown that in this case the electric field intensity in the air gap will be higher than the field intensity in the dielectric coating, which, in turn, creates conditions for the formation of partial discharges in the interelectrode gap. Partial discharge creates a current pulse proportional to the capacitance of the air gap, which can be mistaken for the spark discharge current of the entire gap, and therefore as a defect, while the presence of a partial discharge does not mean the presence of a defect. Thus, it can be argued that partial discharges are an interfering parameter, the influence of which must be taken into account. Measures are proposed to reduce the influence of partial discharges on the continuity control process. To eliminate the possibility of false alarms from partial discharges, it is necessary to measure the parameters of the voltage pulse caused by the full discharge current and take them into account when making a decision about the presence of a defect.
Evolutionary Development of Pulse Technologiesin the Production of Rocket Large Parts
Authors: Urazbakhtin V.F. , Shchenyatsky A.V. , Urazbakhtin F.A.
Published: December 2023

An analytical review of research since the 50s of the XXth century is presented, related to the development of stamping by explosion - a promising method of forming large hard-to-process parts, with the following results is established. The source of the force during explosion stamping is the high explosive charge. It is an important factor of criticalities during plastic deformation of a titanium alloy workpiece. There can be many reasons of their origin, and they are taken into account by researchers, but separately. At the same time, the process of force generation is quite complex, especially in the aquatic medium of the basin. However, the process of explosion stamping must be controlled under any conditions. Force delivery to the workpiece surface takes place during explosion stamping within water transfer medium in the basin. Compared with the air medium, the power of this effect increases significantly due to more complete use of the water energy capabilities. Most researchers agreed that the force effect, consisting of a shock wave, motion of a hydraulic flow and a gas bubble, result in complexity of mathematical modeling of the process of its displacement. Mechanical and geometric characteristics of the workpiece affect quality of the part made by explosion stamping. It is determined by the material ability to be plastically deformed and has the effect in strength, accuracy of geometric and angular dimensions, as well as surface condition of the part, the absence of defects, fractures and corrugations. At the same time, a unified quality assessment of the workpiece and part has not been established yet. The multiparametric process of plastic deformation during explosion stamping in water deforms not only of the workpiece, but also of the matrix, thus altering the part shape, walls thinning, the appearance of corrugations and flanges due to the complex stress state in various sections of the part. It is noted that the properties revealed during the explosion stamping, leading to change in corresponding parameters and characteristics, collectively determine the system to which systematic approach may be applied. A feature of explosion stamping study is the need for an experiment, the success of which is largely determined by the experience of the researcher. This stage of the explosion stamping evolutionary development is associated with the introduction of computer technologies into the practice of technological processes design. Research is mainly related to the use of object-oriented methods, the development and application of mathematical models that allow automating procedures for determining the parameters of the stamping process mode, followed by modeling individual actions during stamping by explosion. At the same time, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of stamping by explosion both as a whole and individual stages of its implementation.
Comparison of Control Method System by Using Perturbation and Observation Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic for the Maximum Power Point Control in Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Ali Q.A. , Abdali L.M. , Korovkin N.V. , Yakimovich B.A. , Kuvshinov V.V.
Published: December 2023

Currently, photovoltaic energy conversion has developed tremendously in the global energy industry. The enormous capacity of solar power plants generates electricity all over the world. Hundreds of gigawatts of electrical energy are supplied to the networks of various countries around the globe. In addition, up to hundreds of gigawatts of installed capacity of solar power plants are commissioned every year in all countries of the world. And this has been the trend for the past few decades. The main problem of solar photovoltaic conversion is the instability of the solar radiation flux associated with the climatic conditions in the regions where photovoltaic plants are operated. This problem can be solved by using highly efficient methods to control the generation of solar power plants, in particular, such as the use of information control systems for a particular PV system to increase the final generation of electrical energy supplied to the consumer. The photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar radiation flux is an important renewable energy source. Due to the varying intensity of the sun, the electricity generated by PV directly from the radiation flux is not constant. The photovoltaic system currently uses maximum power point (PMP) tracking in perturbation and observation (P&O) mode to increase the final output power of the photovoltaic panels. A step-down DC-DC converter allows PMP to change the PV operating voltage and determine the maximum power output of the PV panel. This study proposes a fuzzy logic implementation. The magnitude of the perturbed voltage is determined by the change in power dq and the change in power relative to the change in voltage dq/dv is fuzzy. The performance of fuzzy logic is investigated in this work in order to optimize MPM. Fuzzy logic can simplify maximum power tracking and reduce voltage instability. According to the simulation results, the MPM method based on fuzzy computation performs better than the traditional P&O method. By using the proposed methods, we can significantly improve electric power generation and increase the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion.
Impact Assessment of the Chirp Signal Frequency Change Rate on the Energy Secrecy and Noise Immunity
Authors: Senatorov L.A. , Khvorenkov V.V. , Zaytseva E.M.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the issues of noise immunity and energy secrecy of chirp signals. The purpose of the article is to study the rate of chirp signal frequency change and its influence on signal parameters, such as the envelope and spectrum of the signal, the degree of its energy secrecy and noise immunity. A study was made of the chirp signal frequency change rate influence on the amplitude spectrum of the transmitted signal. The study showed that an increase in the chirp signal frequency change rate leads to an increase in the slope control of the sawtooth voltage. In this case, the width of the amplitude spectrum changes in direct proportion to the change in the frequency band. Based on the results, the assumption was made about the positive effect of increasing the slope of the control signal on noise immunity and energy secrecy. The effect of the chirp signal frequency change rate on the degree of energy secrecy is studied by means of the author's method to estimate the energy of the transmitted symbol. The simulation results showed that the rate of change in the frequency of the chirp signal does not lead to a change in energy and does not affect the degree of energy secrecy. A study was made of the chirp signal frequency change rate influence on the noise immunity of the transmitted signal. It was proposed to investigate a real high-frequency chirp signal using the weighting method on a set of matched filters. The method made it possible to investigate the noise immunity of chirp signals with different parameters and compare the obtained data with the noise immunity of the GMSK signal of the Gonets-M satellite communication system. As a result, some regularities were found that allow us to evaluate the effect of the rate of change in the frequency of the chirp signal on its noise immunity. Comparison of GMSK and chirp signals made it possible to verify the effect of introducing chirp signals into satellite communication systems. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the influence of the choice of chirp signal frequency change rate on noise immunity and energy secrecy.
Various Alternatives in Flexible Pavement Design and their Suitability
Authors: Duggal Er. Ajay Kumar , Vij Er. Komal
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The road network of about 63.3 lakh Km in India is the second largest in the world. Mostly Flexible pavement construction had been adopted but over last decade, emphasis is made to build long lasting pavement and hence Concrete Pavements have got more adoptability. All pavements are designed in accordance with the relevant codes. However, in order to make road infrastructure more economical by virtue of utilization of various recycled materials, greater flexibility is available in terms of design. However, this requires a thorough understanding of the genesis of various design types, their suitability under various site conditions and also availability of construction materials and technologies. This paper is intended to make an overview of such attempts and studies that may act as an extended guide for pavement engineers and designers. An attempt will be made to study the life cycle cost of different pavements
A Review of Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Based on Slag
Authors: Soni Suneel Kumar , Bhadauria Dr. Sudhir Singh
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The studies on Lightweight Geopolymer concrete (LGC) are leading-edge in the development of sustainable and ecofriendly concrete. Attempts were being made to develop LGC by various methods of production. This paper reviews about previously published research work on lightweight geopolymer concrete and the observations to the material binders - an alternate to the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by the utilization of industrial by-products, alkaline activator solution, foaming agents, chemical expansive agents, lightweight aggregate, production methods, and their physical and mechanical properties. The main focus is to investigate pore size formation, density, compressive strength and curing conditions. From the review it is found that the stabilization of foam and the control of efflorescence are the two challenging problems faced by the industry for the mass production of lightweight geopolymer foam concrete. Furthermore, topics for future work in this field were suggested.
Token Ekonomi: Metode untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat pada skizofrenia
Authors: Syafiin Ahmad
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study aims to see whether non-adherent behavior in taking medication can be helped by Token Economy. Assessment is carried out using Interviews, Observations, Graphics, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), WWQ and MMSE. The subject of this study was a 55-year-old client who did not adhere to the medication prescribed by the doctor, and the client became angry when he was reminded to take the medication. The subject was a Lawang Hospital patient diagnosed with schizoaffective bipolar type. The intervention given was behavior modification, namely token economy for 6 sessions. The results of the study show that clients are able to comply with the intervention regulations and take the medication on time with the given token economic intervention.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah perilaku ketidakpatuhan dalam minum obat dapat terbantu dengan adanya Token Economy. Penilaian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Wawancara, Observasi, Grafik, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), WWQ dan MMSE. Subyek penelitian ini adalah klien berusia 55 tahun yang tidak mematuhi pengobatan yang diresepkan oleh dokter, dan klien menjadi marah ketika diingatkan untuk meminum obat tersebut. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien RSUD Lawang yang didiagnosis menderita skizoafektif tipe bipolar. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah modifikasi perilaku yaitu token economy selama 6 sesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klien mampu mematuhi peraturan intervensi dan meminum obat tepat waktu dengan token intervensi ekonomi yang diberikan.
Meningkatkan kepercayaan diri di sekolah pada remaja panti asuhan melalui konseling kelompok perilaku
Authors: Puspasari Karisma Dewi
Published: December 2023

Self-confidence is essential for adolescents to have at school. Self-confidence at school can optimize adolescents' self-functioning while at school, both in teaching and learning activities and when interacting with their friends and teachers. Some adolescents from orphanages are vulnerable to low self-confidence due to differences in background between themselves and other people in general. Behavioral group counseling was considered to be a solution to increase adolescents' self-confidence. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of behavioral group counseling to increase self-confidence at school in orphanage adolescents. This quantitative one-group pretest-posttest study involves six male and female adolescent subjects living in orphanages. Behavioral group counseling consisted of 15 sessions by applying the principles of behavioral learning theory, such as modeling, roleplay, and reinforcement. The self-confidence scale refers to Lauster's self-confidence theory, which has a reliability value 0.708. Data analysis used paired sample t-test. The results obtained p = 0.00 (p < 0.01) show that behavioral group counseling is effective for increasing self-confidence at school in adolescent orphanage subjects.
 
Rasa percaya diri merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dimiliki remaja di sekolah. Rasa percaya diri di sekolah dapat mengoptimalkan fungsi diri remaja selama berada di sekolah, baik dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar maupun saat berinteraksi dengan teman dan gurunya. Beberapa remaja panti asuhan rentan mengalami rendahnya rasa percaya diri akibat perbedaan latar belakang antara dirinya dengan orang lain pada umumnya. Konseling kelompok perilaku dinilai dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas konseling kelompok behavioral untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri di sekolah pada remaja panti asuhan. Penelitian kuantitatif one-group pretest-posttest ini melibatkan enam subjek remaja laki-laki dan perempuan yang tinggal di panti asuhan. Konseling kelompok perilaku terdiri dari 15 sesi dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip teori pembelajaran perilaku, seperti modeling, roleplay, dan penguatan. Skala kepercayaan diri mengacu pada teori kepercayaan diri Lauster yang mempunyai nilai reliabilitas 0,708. Analisis data menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-test. Hasil yang diperoleh p = 0,00 (p < 0,01) menunjukkan bahwa konseling kelompok behavioral efektif untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri di sekolah pada mata pelajaran remaja panti asuhan.
Cooperación internacional policial ante amenazas cibernéticas en Colombia. Modalidad: Business Email Compromise
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Jiménez Acosta Juan Felipe , Castillo Pulido Luis Evelio ,   Escuela de Postgrados de Policía Miguel Antonio Lleras Pizarro
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar un modelo de cooperación policial internacional aplicable a las diferentes manifestaciones de las amenazas cibernéticas en Colombia: robo por medios informáticos, a través de la industria Business Email Compromise (BEC); su desarrollo se ha logrado a través de un modelo de investigación interpretativa que proporciona una comprensión de creencias y actitudes que posibilitan la comprensión del mundo desde la perspectiva de expertos académicos; adicionalmente un enfoque mixto a través del cual se establecen sinergias y se complementan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas; métodos de investigación que permitan simultáneamente la triangulación de la información obtenida del trabajo de campo y los estudios teóricos y descriptivos/fenomenológicos; Los hallazgos clave sugieren que un patrón BEC internacional está relacionado con facturas falsas, bienes raíces y fraude de directores ejecutivos, así como compromisos de correo electrónico doméstico. los actores más afectados son organismos multilaterales, empresas privadas y públicas, respectivamente; Se ha relacionado con el tráfico de armas, la trata de personas, la explotación sexual, el tráfico de drogas y el tráfico de órganos.