bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Causes and Mitigation Measures for Cost Overruns in Building Construction: The Case of Higher Education Projects
Authors: Alhammadi Yasir , Al-Mohammad Mohammad S. , Rahman Rahimi A.
Published: February 2024

The formidable need for building projects places greater pressure on stakeholders to deliver these projects on time, within the budget, and with high quality. However, many building projects have experienced extensive cost overruns despite extensive research on their causes and mitigation measures. Thus, the effectiveness of mitigation measures is questionable. This study examines the status of cost overrun in building construction projects and develops a structural equation model to establish the relationships between causes of cost overrun and mitigation measures, using higher education building projects as a case study. This study analyzed cost overruns in 27 higher education building projects. Furthermore, 118 responses were collected using a questionnaire survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal–Wallis H test, exploratory factor analysis, and partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that around 93% of the 27 higher education building projects experienced cost overrun, and the majority overran between 5% and 10%. The findings illustrate that bid evaluation and project planning mitigation measures positively affect efficiency and contract management- and design-related causes. Furthermore, project initiation and contractor selection mitigation measures positively affect claim management-, efficiency and contract management-, estimation and scheduling-, and design-related causes. These findings will help policymakers make informed decisions in selecting effective mitigation measures to reduce cost overrun and improve industry efficiency.
Study on the Dynamic Performance and Damage Evaluation of Rubber-Modified Non-Autoclaved Concrete Pipe Piles under Axial Drop Hammer Impact
Authors: Lan Sheng , Liu Feng , Yang Fei , Feng Wanhui , Chen Dawei
Published: February 2024

In order to improve the weak impact resistance of non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles, this study replaced sand in the concrete with rubber particles of different volume contents to obtain rubber-modified non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles (with volume contents of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The dynamic impact response characteristics of rubber-modified non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles were obtained through large-scale axial hammer impact experiments. The results indicate the following. (1) Non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles without rubber additives were prone to expansion deformation instability under impact. When the rubber content was 10%, the expansion deformation of the piles was the weakest, and the state was the most stable. (2) When the impact energy exceeded 48 kJ, the deformation energies of piles with 5% and 10% rubber contents significantly increased. (3) The damage levels of the piles after hammer impact were classified into four grades: no damage, mild damage, moderate damage, and severe damage. When the impact energy was greater than or equal to 48 kJ, rubber-modified non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles exhibited damage. The zone with no damage for piles with 10% rubber content was the smallest, making it less prone to damage under impact loads. The rubber-modified non-autoclaved concrete pipe piles with 10% rubber content not only had excellent impact resistance but also utilized the advantages of being environmentally friendly and energy-saving. They filled a certain knowledge gap in green building materials.
m6A mRNA Modifications in Glioblastoma: Emerging Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Xie Gloria S. , Richard Hope T.
Published: February 2024

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and neurologically destructive. The mean survival for glioblastoma patients is approximately 15 months and there is no effective therapy to significantly increase survival times to date. The development of effective therapy including mechanism-based therapies is urgently needed. At a molecular biology level, N6-methyladenine (m6A) mRNA modification is the most abundant posttranscriptional RNA modification in mammals. Recent studies have shown that m6A mRNA modifications affect cell survival, cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion of glioblastoma. In addition, m6A mRNA modifications are critical for glioblastoma stem cells, which could initiate the tumor and lead to therapy resistance. These findings implicate the function of m6A mRNA modification in tumorigenesis and progression, implicating its value in prognosis and therapies of human glioblastoma. This review focuses on the potential clinical significance of m6A mRNA modifications in prognostic and therapeutics of glioblastoma. With the identification of small-molecule compounds that activate or inhibit components of m6A mRNA modifications, a promising novel approach for glioblastoma therapy is emerging.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Does Not Adversely Affect the Clinical Course of Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study on Screening Endoscopic Examination in Japan
Authors: Takahashi So , Watanabe Kenta , Fukuda Sho , Yoshida Tatsuki , Dohmen Takahiro , Fujiwara Junichi , Matsuyama Mari , Fujimori Shusei , Funaoka Masato , Shirayama Kodai , Horikawa Yohei , Fushimi Saki , Uchikoshi Shu , Onochi Kengo , Okubo Ryo , Hoshino Takao , Horii Toru , Kuramitsu Taira , Sakaki Kotaro , Ishii Toru , Komatsu Taiga , Yoshida Yuko , Shirane Kenji , Ono Tsuyoshi , Shimodaira Yosuke , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Iijima Katsunori
Published: February 2024

Background: Since gastric cancers (GCs) detected after Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication present with different morphological characteristics from conventional HP-positive GCs, delayed detection of early-stage GCs may be observed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of HP eradication on diagnosing GC during screening endoscopy. Methods: Eleven health checkup institutions in Japan participated in the present study. All GC cases newly diagnosed by screening endoscopy between January 2016 and December 2020 were included. After propensity score matching, multivariable regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of HP eradication on deep tumor invasion among HP-eradicated and HP-positive GC cases. Results: A total of 231 patients with GCs (134 HP-eradicated and 97 HP-positive cases) were enrolled. After propensity score matching, there were 81 cases in each group. The distribution of the depth of tumor invasion (pT1a, pT1b1, pT1b2, and pT2) between the HP-eradicated group and HP-positive group was similar (p = 0.82). In the propensity analysis, with HP-positive as the reference value, HP eradication was not significantly associated with T1b–T4-GCs and T1b2–T4-GCs, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.16 (0.48–2.81) and 1.16 (0.42–3.19), respectively. Conclusions: HP eradication does not adversely affect the clinical course of GCs, supporting the recommendation of HP eradication in screening programs to reduce the total number of GC cases without delaying diagnosis.
The C250T Mutation of TERTp Might Grant a Better Prognosis to Glioblastoma by Exerting Less Biological Effect on Telomeres and Chromosomes Than the C228T Mutation
Authors: Gorria Teresa , Crous Carme , Pineda Estela , Hernandez Ainhoa , Domenech Marta , Sanz Carolina , Jares Pedro , Muñoz-Mármol Ana María , Arpí-Llucía Oriol , Melendez Bárbara , Gut Marta , Esteve Anna , Esteve-Codina Anna , Parra Genis , Alameda Francesc , Carrato Cristina , Aldecoa Iban , Mallo Mar , de la Iglesia Nuria , Balana Carmen
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to determine how TERTp mutations impact glioblastoma prognosis. Materials and Methods: TERTp mutations were assessed in a retrospective cohort of 258 uniformly treated glioblastoma patients. RNA-sequencing and whole exome sequencing results were available in a subset of patients. Results: Overall, there were no differences in outcomes between patients with mutated TERTp-wt or TERTp. However, we found significant differences according to the type of TERTp mutation. Progression-free survival (mPFS) was 9.1 months for those with the C250T mutation and 7 months for those with either the C228T mutation or TERTp-wt (p = 0.016). Overall survival (mOS) was 21.9 and 15 months, respectively (p = 0.026). This differential effect was more pronounced in patients with MGMTp methylation (mPFS: p = 0.008; mOS: p = 0.021). Multivariate analysis identified the C250T mutation as an independent prognostic factor for longer mOS (HR 0.69; p = 0.044). We found no differences according to TERTp mutation status in molecular alterations common in glioblastoma, nor in copy number variants in genes related to alternative lengthening of telomeres. Nevertheless, in the gene enrichment analysis adjusted for MGMTp methylation status, some Reactome gene sets were differentially enriched, suggesting that the C250T mutation may exert a lesser effect on telomeres or chromosomes. Conclusions: In our series, patients exhibiting the C250T mutation had a more favorable prognosis compared to those with either TERPp-wt or TERTp C228T mutations. Additionally, our findings suggest a reduced involvement of the C250T mutation in the underlying biological mechanisms related to telomeres.
Comprehensive Landscape of BRAF Variant Classes, Clonalities, and Co-Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using ctDNA Profiling
Authors: Johnson Benny , Morris Van , Wang Xuemei , Dasari Arvind , Raghav Kanwal , Shen John Paul , Lee Michael S. , Huey Ryan , Parseghian Christine , Willis Jason , Wolff Robert , Drusbosky Leylah M. , Overman Michael J. , Kopetz Scott
Published: February 2024

Although V600E accounts for the majority of the BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), non-V600 BRAF variants have been shown in recent years to represent a distinct molecular subtype. This study provides a comprehensive profile of BRAF variants in mCRC using a large genomic database of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and analyzing clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with atypical (non-V600) BRAF variants (aBRAF; class II, class III, unclassified). Overall, 1733 out of 14,742 mCRC patients in the ctDNA cohort had at least one BRAF variant. Patients with atypical BRAF variants tended to be younger and male. In contrast to BRAFV600E, BRAF class II and III variants and their co-occurrence with KRAS/NRAS mutations were increased at baseline and especially with those patients predicted to have prior anti-EGFR exposure. Our clinical cohort included 38 patients with atypical BRAF mCRC treated at a large academic referral center. While there were no survival differences between atypical BRAF classes, concurrent RAS mutations or liver involvement was associated with poorer prognosis. Notably, patients younger than 50 years of age had extremely poor survival. In these patients, the high-frequency KRAS/NRAS co-mutation and its correlation with poorer prognosis underlines the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study represents one of the most comprehensive characterizations to date of atypical BRAF variants, utilizing both ctDNA and clinical cohorts.
Hereditary Ataxias: From Bench to Clinic, Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Pilotto Federica , Del Bondio Andrea , Puccio Hélène
Published: February 2024

Cerebellar ataxias are a wide heterogeneous group of movement disorders. Within this broad umbrella of diseases, there are both genetics and sporadic forms. The clinical presentation of these conditions can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms across different age groups, spanning from pure cerebellar manifestations to sensory ataxia and multisystemic diseases. Over the last few decades, advancements in our understanding of genetics and molecular pathophysiology related to both dominant and recessive ataxias have propelled the field forward, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and arresting the progression of these diseases. Nevertheless, the rarity of certain forms of ataxia continues to pose challenges, leading to limited insights into the etiology of the disease and the identification of target pathways. Additionally, the lack of suitable models hampers efforts to comprehensively understand the molecular foundations of disease’s pathophysiology and test novel therapeutic interventions. In the following review, we describe the epidemiology, symptomatology, and pathological progression of hereditary ataxia, including both the prevalent and less common forms of these diseases. Furthermore, we illustrate the diverse molecular pathways and therapeutic approaches currently undergoing investigation in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, we address the existing and anticipated challenges within this field, encompassing both basic research and clinical endeavors.
Unraveling Histone Loss in Aging and Senescence
Authors: Dubey Sushil Kumar , Dubey Rashmi , Kleinman Mark Ellsworth
Published: February 2024

As the global population experiences a notable surge in aging demographics, the need to understand the intricate molecular pathways exacerbated by age-related stresses, including epigenetic dysregulation, becomes a priority. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in driving age-related diseases through altered gene expression, genomic instability, and irregular chromatin remodeling. In this review, we focus on histones, a central component of the epigenome, and consolidate the key findings of histone loss and genome-wide redistribution as fundamental processes contributing to aging and senescence. The review provides insights into novel histone expression profiles, nucleosome occupancy, disruptions in higher-order chromatin architecture, and the emergence of noncanonical histone variants in the aging cellular landscape. Furthermore, we explore the current state of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of histone deficiency in aging cells. Specific emphasis is placed on highlighting histone degradation pathways in the cell and studies that have explored potential strategies to mitigate histone loss or restore histone levels in aging cells. Finally, in addressing future perspectives, the insights gained from this review hold profound implications for advancing strategies that actively intervene in modulating histone expression profiles in the context of cellular aging and identifying potential therapeutic targets for alleviating a multitude of age-related diseases.
The Antibacterial Properties of a Silver Multilayer Coating for the Prevention of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Orthopedic Implants—An In Vitro Study
Authors: van Hoogstraten Sanne W. G. , Fechter Janine , Bargon Rainer , van Agtmaal Julia L. , Peeters Laura C. W. , Geurts Jan , Arts Jacobus J. C.
Published: February 2024

The prevention of biofilm formation on orthopedic implants is essential, as biofilms are the main challenge in the effective treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). A silver multilayer (SML) coating was developed to prevent biofilm formation on the implant surface. Previous studies have already demonstrated its antibacterial properties without cytotoxic effects. However, the coating has not been previously tested when applied to common titanium surfaces used in total joint arthroplasty implants. These surfaces often have increased roughness and porosity in the case of cementless implants, which can alter the antibacterial effect of the coating. In this study, we assessed the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the SML coating on corundum-blasted and plasma-sprayed microporous-coated titanium alloy surfaces, using S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli. An antibacterial activity test following the principles of ISO 22196, ASTM E2180-18, and JIS Z 2801 standards was performed, as well as a biofilm proliferation assay investigating bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The SML coating exhibited strong antibacterial effects for all bacterial strains. After 24 h biofilm culture, a >4-log reduction in CFU was induced by the SML coating for S. epidermidis and E. coli on the corundum-blasted and plasma-sprayed microporous-coated titanium surfaces, respectively, when compared to the uncoated surfaces. The coating showed bactericidal properties against Gram-positive bacteria on the corundum-blasted discs. The SML coating on two common titanium surfaces demonstrates significant potential as an effective strategy in combating PJI across a wide range of orthopedic implants.
Blending Modification Technology of Insulation Materials for Deep Sea Optoelectronic Composite Cables
Authors: Xie Shuhong , Chen Zhenzhen , Yan Zhiyu , Qiu Xingyu , Hu Ming , Gu Chunfei , Zhao Xindong , Wang Kai
Published: February 2024

The insulation layer of deep-sea optoelectronic composite cables in direct contact with high-pressure and highly corrosive seawater is required for excellent water resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR), and the ability to withstand high DC voltage. Although high-density polyethylene (HDPE) displays remarkable water resistance, it lacks sufficient resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESCR). This article is based on a blend modification approach to mixing HDPE with different vinyl copolymer materials (cPE-A and cPE-B). The processing performance and mechanical properties of the materials are evaluated through rheological and mechanical testing. The materials’ durability in working environments is assessed through ESCR tests and water resistance experiments. Ultimately, the direct current electrical performance of the materials is evaluated through tests measuring space charge distribution, direct current resistivity, and direct current breakdown strength. The results indicate that, in the polyethylene blend system, the rheological properties and ESCR characteristics of HDPE/cPE-A composite materials did not show significant improvement. Further incorporation of high melt index linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) material not only meets the requirements of extrusion processing but also exhibits a notable enhancement in ESCR performance. Meanwhile, copolymerized polyethylene cPE-B, with a more complex structure, proves effective in toughening HDPE materials. The material’s hardness significantly decreases, and when incorporating cPE-B at a level exceeding 20 phr, the composite materials achieve excellent ESCR performance. In a simulated seawater environment at 50 MPa, the water permeability of all co-modified composite materials remained below 0.16% after 120 h. The spatial charge distribution and direct current resistivity characteristics of the HDPE, cPE-A, and LLDPE composite systems surpassed those of the HDPE/cPE-B materials. However, the HDPE/cPE-B composite system exhibited superior dielectric strength. The application of composite materials in deep-sea electro–optical composite cables is highly promising.
Differences in Fine Root Foraging Traits of Two Dominant Tree Species (Cunninghamia lanceolata and Quercus acutissima) in Subtropical Forests
Authors: Xu Xinying , Tan Rui , Shao Huimei , Gu Jiacun , Wang Weifeng , Wang Guobing , Yu Shuiqiang
Published: February 2024

Root biomass and length growth, functional traits, and their responses to soil nutrient availability are crucial for resource acquisition under environmental change. Previous studies have focused on the response of root morphological, architectural, and chemical traits to fertilization, while less attention has been given to root biomass and length growth, as well as mycorrhizal symbiosis, impeding a full understanding of root resource acquisition strategies. Here, using a nutrient addition experiment (control, inorganic, and organic nutrients), we explored the responses of function-based root (absorptive fine roots [AFRs] versus transport fine roots [TFRs]) growth, functional traits (morphological, architectural, and chemical traits), and mycorrhizal colonization of C. lanceolat and Q. acutissim, which are the dominant tree species in subtropical China. The results showed that the fine root biomass and total root length of AFRs for both tree species basically decreased significantly after nutrient addition, but TFRs responded less sensitively than AFRs. Nutrient addition significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate in C. lanceolata but decreased it in Q. acutissima. The diameter of AFRs for C. lanceolata increased significantly, while the branch ratio and branch intensity decreased significantly in both inorganic nutrients (NPK) and organic nutrients (F); however, the opposite response pattern occurred for Q. acutissima. Fine root biomass, total root length, and root nutrient concentration exhibited the most plastic responses to changes in nutrient availability. The magnitude of the plastic response of fine root traits was slightly higher in the NPK treatment than in the F treatment. Our findings suggest that the responses of fine root traits and mycorrhizal fungi to nutrient addition were species-specific: C. lanceolata depended on mycorrhizal fungi for resource acquisition, while Q. acutissima could acquire soil nutrient resources by increasing root branching. The contrasting nutrient acquisition strategies between tree species may facilitate plant species coexistence and distribution under soil nutrient change. Fine root biomass and total root length emerged as more pivotal indicators for nutrient acquisition strategies compared to morphological traits.
Exceptionally Uniform Bat Assemblages across Different Forest Habitats Are Dominated by Single Hyperabundant Generalist Species
Authors: Ciechanowski Mateusz , Wikar Zuzanna , Borzym Katarzyna , Janikowska Emilia , Brachman Julia , Jankowska-Jarek Martyna , Bidziński Konrad
Published: February 2024

Woodland bat assemblages are usually structured in a space according to the distance from the ground, water, and obstacles, features that often define chiropteran hunting tactics. Consequently, the bat species composition differs strongly among various habitats, even within the same forest patch. However, when conducting local bat surveys in Wolin National Park (WPN), we revealed an unexpected uniformity in the qualitative and quantitative structure of bat assemblages, based on mist netting and ultrasound recording. In total, 10 vespertilionid species were detected. Across all methods and sampled habitats, a single species, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, predominated, while no Barbastella barbastellus, an old forest specialist, were detected, despite the abundance of their preferred daily roosts. We also reviewed the literature for mist-netted bat samples in four different habitats in lowland Polish forests. The samples usually clustered based on habitats, and the same habitat classes often clustered very closely despite representing geographically distant forests. The exception was WPN, where all four habitat classes formed a tightly packed cluster. We hypothesize that P. pygmaeus might act as a hyperabundant native species, a successful generalist that reduces the contribution of more specialized taxa in the assemblage. It probably benefits from both forest renaturation and anthropogenic cross-boundary subsidy.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics in Carbon Utilization Efficiency and Driving Mechanisms in Southeast Tibet from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Shi Qi , Lu Jie , Yu Qiang , Han Jiahua
Published: February 2024

Carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) in terrestrial ecosystems stands as a pivotal metric for assessing ecosystem functionality. Investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of regional CUE within the context of global climate change not only provides a theoretical foundation for understanding terrestrial carbon cycling but also furnishes essential data support for formulating sustainable management strategies at a regional scale. This study focuses on the southeastern region of Tibet. Utilizing monthly and yearly MOD17A2HGF as primary sources, we employ Thiel–Sen estimation and Mann–Kendall trend analysis to scrutinize the spatiotemporal dynamics of CUE. Systematic analysis of the stability of CUE spatiotemporal changes in the Southeast Tibet region is conducted using the coefficient of variation analysis. The Hurst model is then applied to prognosticate future CUE changes in Southeast Tibet. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of CUE is undertaken by integrating meteorological data and land-use data. The findings reveal the following: (1) At the monthly scale, regional CUE exhibits discernible variations synchronized with the growth season, with different vegetation types displaying diverse fluctuation patterns. The high-altitude forest area manifests the least annual CUE fluctuations, while evergreen needleleaf forests and evergreen broadleaf forests demonstrate larger variations. At the yearly scale, CUE reveals a non-significant upward trend overall, but there is an augmented fluctuation observed from 2019 to 2022. (2) CUE in Southeast Tibet demonstrates sensitivity to temperature and precipitation variations, with temperature exhibiting a more pronounced and strongly correlated impact, especially in Gongjo County and Qamdo Town. Temperature and precipitation exert opposing influences on CUE changes in the Southeast Tibet region. In the southern (below 28° N) and northern (above 31° N) regions of Southeast Tibet, the response of CUE to temperature and precipitation variations differs. Moreover, over 62.3% of the areas show no sustained trend of change. (3) Vegetation type emerges as a principal factor determining the scope and features of vegetation CUE changes. Grassland and sparse grassland areas exhibit markedly higher CUE values than evergreen broadleaf forests, deciduous broadleaf forests, evergreen needleleaf forests, and deciduous needleleaf forests. Notably, the CUE fluctuation in shrublands and areas with embedded farmland vegetation surpasses that of other vegetation types.
Response of Vegetation Productivity to Greening and Drought in the Loess Plateau Based on VIs and SIF
Authors: Hou Xiao , Zhang Bo , Chen Jie , Zhou Jing , He Qian-Qian , Yu Hui
Published: February 2024

In the context of global warming, the frequent occurrence of drought has become one of the main reasons affecting the loss of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems. Under the influence of human activities, the vegetation greening trend of the Loess Plateau increased significantly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the response of GPP to drought in the Loess Plateau under the greening trend. Here, we comprehensively assessed the ability of vegetation indices (VIs) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to capture GPP changes at different seasonal scales and during drought. Specifically, we utilized three vegetation indices: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV), and kernel NDVI index (kNDVI), and determined the drought period of the Loess Plateau in 2001 based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the standardized soil moisture index (SSMI). Moreover, the anomalies of VIs and SIF during the drought period and the relationship with GPP anomalies were compared. The results showed that both SIF and VIs were able to capture changes during the drought period as well as in normal years. Overall, SIF captured drought changes better due to water and heat stress as well as GPP changes compared to VIs. Across different time scales, SIF showed the strongest relationship with GPP (meanR2 = 0.85), followed by NIRV (meanR2 = 0.84), NDVI (meanR2 = 0.76), and kNDVI (meanR2 = 0.74), suggesting that SIF is more sensitive to physiological changes in vegetation. Notably, kNDVI performed best in sparse vegetation (meanR2 = 0.85). In capture during drought, NIRV and kNDVI performed better in less productive land classes; SIF showed superior capture as land use class productivity increased. In addition, GPP anomalies correlated better with kNDVI anomalies (meanR2 = 0.50) than with other index anomalies. In the future, efforts to integrate the respective strengths of SIF, NIRV, and kNDVI will improve our understanding of GPP changes.
Study of Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) Salt Response and Caffeic Acid Metabolism under Saline Stress by Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Wu Zhe , Meng Ran , Feng Wei , Wongsnansilp Tassnapa , Li Zhaojia , Lu Xuelin , Wang Xiuping
Published: February 2024

Utilizing salt-tolerant plants is a cost-effective strategy for agricultural production on salinized land. However, little is known about the mechanism of dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) in response to saline stress and caffeic acid biosynthesis. We investigated the morphological and physiological variations of two dandelions, namely, “BINPU2” (dandelion A) and “TANGHAI” (dandelion B) under gradient NaCl concentrations (0, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9%), and analyzed potential mechanisms through a comparison analysis of transcriptomes in the two dandelions. Dandelion A had a high leaf weight; high ρ-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeoyl shikimic acid contents; and high activities of POD and Pro. The maximum content of four kinds of phenolic acids mostly occurred in the 0.7% NaCl treatment. In this saline treatment, 2468 and 3238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in dandelion A and B were found, of which 1456 and 1369 DEGs in the two dandelions, respectively, showed up-regulation, indicating that more up-regulated DEGs in dandelion A may cause its high salt tolerance. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that dandelion salt response and caffeic acid metabolism were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00940) and response to ethylene (GO: 0009723). The caffeic acid biosynthesis pathway was reconstructed based on DEGs which were annotated to PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3′H, and CSE. Most of these genes showed a down-regulated mode, except for parts of DEGs of 4CL (TbA05G077650 and TbA07G073600), HCT (TbA03G009110, TbA03G009080, and novel.16880), and COMT (novel.13839). In addition, more up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) of ethylene TFs in dandelion A were found, but the TFs of ERF104, CEJ1, and ERF3 in the two dandelions under saline stress showed an opposite expression pattern. These up-regulated genes could enhance dandelion salt tolerance, and down-regulated DEGs in the caffeic acid biosynthesis pathway, especially CSE (TbA08G014310) and COMT (TbA04G07330), could be important candidate genes in the synthesis of caffeic acid under saline stress. The above findings revealed the potential mechanisms of salt response and caffeic acid metabolism in dandelion under saline stress, and provide references for salt-tolerant plant breeding and cultivation on saline–alkali land in the future.
Correction: Zhang et al. Genotype–Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. Genes 2023, 14, 1299
Authors: Zhang Ruping , Zeng Bingshan , Chen Tianxiao , Hu Bing
Published: February 2024

In the original publication [...]
A Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism of Nitrogen Regulation in Tillering
Authors: Mi Wenbo , Luo Feng , Liu Wenhui , Liu Kaiqiang
Published: February 2024

Nitrogen (N) application significantly increases tiller numbers and is accompanied by changes in endogenous hormone content. We treated seedlings of Festuca kirilowii—a perennial forage grass—with nitrogen, determined the endogenous hormone content in the tiller buds, and performed a transcriptome analysis. The application of N reduced GA3, ABA, and 5-DS content and increased ZT and IAA content. By screening DEGs in the transcriptome results, we obtained DEGs annotated to 25 GO entries and 8 KEGG pathways associated with endogenous hormones. Most of these GO entries and KEGG pathways were associated with IAA, GAS, and ABA. We conducted a validation analysis of hormone-related DEGs using qRT-PCR to demonstrate that nitrogen controls the content of endogenous hormones by regulating the expression of these DEGs, which further affects tillering in F. kirilowii.
Temporal Trends in the Completeness of Epidemiological Variables in a Hospital-Based Cancer Registry of a Pediatric Oncology Center in Brazil
Authors: Grassi Jonathan , Pessanha Raphael Manhães , Grippa Wesley Rocha , Dell’Antonio Larissa Soares , Dell’Antonio Cristiano Soares da Silva , Faure Laure , Clavel Jacqueline , Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos
Published: February 2024

This ecological time series study aimed to examine the temporal trends in the completeness of epidemiological variables from a hospital-based cancer registry (HbCR) of a reference center for pediatric oncology in Brazil from 2010 to 2016. Completeness categories were based on the percentage of missing data, with the categories excellent (<5%), good (5–10%), regular (11–20%), poor (21–50%), and very poor (>50%). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using R.4.1.0; a Mann–Kendall trend test was performed to examine the temporal trends. Variables with the highest incompleteness included race/color (17.24% in 2016), level of education (51.40% in 2015), TNM (56.88% in 2012), disease status at the end of the first treatment (12.09% in 2013), cancer family history (79.12% in 2013), history of alcoholic consumption (39.25% in 2015), history of tobacco consumption (38.32% in 2015), and type of admission clinic (10.28% in 2015). Nevertheless, most variables achieved 100% completeness and were classified as excellent across the time series. A significant trend was observed for race/color, TNM, and history of tobacco consumption. While most variables maintained excellent completeness, the increasing incompleteness trend in race/color and decreasing trend in TNM underscore the importance of reliable and complete HbCRs for personalized cancer care, for planning public policies, and for conducting research on cancer control.
Is There a Relationship between Anthropometric Indices and Muscular, Motor, and Cardiorespiratory Components of Health-Related Fitness in Active European Older Adults?
Authors: Cancela-Carral José Mª , Vila Elena , Machado Iris , Rodríguez Gustavo , López Adriana , Silva Bruno , Bezerra Pedro
Published: February 2024

The aging process induces alterations in the body, resulting in changes in both health-related fitness and specific anthropometric measures. These changes often pose health risks for older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between anthropometric indices and muscular, motor, and cardiorespiratory components of health-related fitness in active European older adults. This study included 2687 European older adults, comprising 1999 women and 688 men, with an average age of 70.05 ± 5.5 years. The assessment included health-related fitness using the Senior Fitness Test and anthropometric indices, such as the body adiposity index, body mass index, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, among others. The results indicated that gender significantly influences the values of physical performance and anthropometric parameters, making them incomparable. The degree of correlation between anthropometric indices and muscular, motor, and cardiorespiratory components of fitness depends on each anthropometric index analysed. The anthropometric index most correlated with physical fitness performance parameters is the waist-to-height ratio (WHR), followed by the body mass index (BMI). Cardiorespiratory endurance and balance are the two physical parameters most correlated with anthropometric indices.
Improving Breast Tumor Multi-Classification from High-Resolution Histological Images with the Integration of Feature Space Data Augmentation
Authors: Brancati Nadia , Frucci Maria
Published: February 2024

To support pathologists in breast tumor diagnosis, deep learning plays a crucial role in the development of histological whole slide image (WSI) classification methods. However, automatic classification is challenging due to the high-resolution data and the scarcity of representative training data. To tackle these limitations, we propose a deep learning-based breast tumor gigapixel histological image multi-classifier integrated with a high-resolution data augmentation model to process the entire slide by exploring its local and global information and generating its different synthetic versions. The key idea is to perform the classification and augmentation in feature latent space, reducing the computational cost while preserving the class label of the input. We adopt a deep learning-based multi-classification method and evaluate the contribution given by a conditional generative adversarial network-based data augmentation model on the classifier’s performance for three tumor classes in the BRIGHT Challenge dataset. The proposed method has allowed us to achieve an average F1 equal to 69.5, considering only the WSI dataset of the Challenge. The results are comparable to those obtained by the Challenge winning method (71.6), also trained on the annotated tumor region dataset of the Challenge.
Evaluating Ontology-Based PD Monitoring and Alerting in Personal Health Knowledge Graphs and Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos , Bitilis Pavlos , Tsekouras George E. , Kotis Konstantinos
Published: February 2024

In the realm of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) research, the integration of wearable sensor data with personal health records (PHR) has emerged as a pivotal avenue for patient alerting and monitoring. This study delves into the complex domain of PD patient care, with a specific emphasis on harnessing the potential of wearable sensors to capture, represent and semantically analyze crucial movement data and knowledge. The primary objective is to enhance the assessment of PD patients by establishing a robust foundation for personalized health insights through the development of Personal Health Knowledge Graphs (PHKGs) and the employment of personal health Graph Neural Networks (PHGNNs) that utilize PHKGs. The objective is to formalize the representation of related integrated data, unified sensor and PHR data in higher levels of abstraction, i.e., in a PHKG, to facilitate interoperability and support rule-based high-level event recognition such as patient’s missing dose or falling. This paper, extending our previous related work, presents the Wear4PDmove ontology in detail and evaluates the ontology within the development of an experimental PHKG. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the integration and evaluation of PHKG within the implementation of a Graph Neural Network (GNN). This work emphasizes the importance of integrating PD-related data for monitoring and alerting patients with appropriate notifications. These notifications offer health experts precise and timely information for the continuous evaluation of personal health-related events, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient care and well-informed medical decision-making. Finally, the paper concludes by proposing a novel approach for integrating personal health KGs and GNNs for PD monitoring and alerting solutions.
Countermeasure Strategies to Address Cybersecurity Challenges Amidst Major Crises in the Higher Education and Research Sector: An Organisational Learning Perspective
Authors: Mahmood Samreen , Chadhar Mehmood , Firmin Selena
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper was to analyse the counterstrategies to mitigate cybersecurity challenges using organisational learning loops amidst major crises in the Higher Education and Research Sector (HERS). The authors proposed the learning loop framework revealing several counterstrategies to mitigate cybersecurity issues in HERS. The counterstrategies are explored, and their implications for research and practice are discussed. Methodology: The qualitative methodology was adopted, and semi-structured interviews with cybersecurity experts and top managers were conducted. Results: This exploratory paper proposed the learning loop framework revealing introducing new policies and procedures, changing existing systems, partnership with other companies, integrating new software, improving employee learning, enhancing security, and monitoring and evaluating security measures as significant counterstrategies to ensure the cyber-safe working environment in HERS. These counterstrategies will help to tackle cybersecurity in HERS, not only during the current major crisis but also in the future. Implications: The outcomes provide insightful implications for both theory and practice. This study proposes a learning framework that prioritises counterstrategies to mitigate cybersecurity challenges in HERS amidst a major crisis. The proposed model can help HERS be more efficient in mitigating cybersecurity issues in future crises. The counterstrategies can also be tested, adopted, and implemented by practitioners working in other sectors to mitigate cybersecurity issues during and after major crises. Future research can focus on addressing the shortcomings and limitations of the proposed learning framework adopted by HERS.
Cortical Thickness Index and Canal Calcar Ratio: A Comparison of Proximal Femoral Fractures and Non-Fractured Femora in Octogenarians to Centenarians
Authors: Guyan Flurina , Gianduzzo Estelle , Waltenspül Manuel , Dietrich Michael , Kabelitz Method
Published: February 2024

Background: The cortical thickness index (CTI) is a measure of bone quality and it correlates with the risk of proximal femoral fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the CTI in femoral neck, trochanteric fractures and non-fractured femora in geriatric patients and to determine whether there is a correlation between the CTI and the presence of a fracture. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients (fifty femoral neck- (FNFx), fifty trochanteric fractures (TFx) and fifty non-fractured (NFx)) with a mean age of 91 (range 80–104) years were included. Hip radiographs (antero-posterior (ap), lateral) were evaluated retrospectively. Measurements on the proximal femoral inner and outer cortices, including CTI and Dorr’s canal calcar ratio (CCR), were assessed for inter-observer reliability (ICC), differences of each fracture and correlation of parameters. Results: The mean ap CTI on the affected side was 0.43, 0.45 and 0.55 for FNFx, TFx and NFx, respectively. There was a significant difference of the ap CTI and CCR comparing the injured and healthy side for both fracture cohorts (p < 0.001). Patients with FNFx or TFx had significantly lower CTI on both sides compared to the NFx group (p < 0.05). There was no difference for CTI (p = 0.527) or CCR (p = 0.291) when comparing both sides in the NFx group. The mean inter-observer reliability was good to excellent (ICC 0.88). Conclusions: In proximal femoral fractures, the CTI and CCR are reduced compared with those in non-fractured femora. Both parameters are reliable and show a good correlation in geriatric patients. Therefore, especially for geriatric patients, the CTI and CCR may help to predict fracture risk and consult patients in daily practice.
NASICON Membrane with High Ionic Conductivity Synthesized by High-Temperature Solid-State Reaction
Authors: Iordache Mihaela , Oubraham Anisoara , Petreanu Irina , Sisu Claudia , Borta Simona , Capris Catalin , Soare Amalia , Marinoiu Adriana
Published: February 2024

In the present work, we studied the impact of excess Na addition on the structure of the standard NASICON ion conductor along with Na ion transport mechanisms. In this sense, NASICON ceramic membranes (NZSP) were prepared by a simple chemical synthesis method, the solid state reaction (SSR), using an excess of 5% Na (Na3.15Zr2Si2PO12) and an excess of 10% Na (Na3.3Zr2Si2PO12), in order to improve the conduction properties of the ceramic membrane. The characterization of the NZSP nanoparticles was performed by measuring the particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the morphology of the NASICON samples pre-sintered at 1100 °C was analyzed by the SEM method (scanning electron microscope), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to investigate the crystal structure of samples, while the surface area was measured using the BET technique. The electrical properties (i.e., ionic conductivity) were evaluated by impedance spectroscopic methods at room temperature (RT). Following the experiments for NASICON membranes without Na excess, with 5% Na excess, and with 10% Na excess synthesized at different pressing forces and sintering temperatures, it was found that membranes with a 10% Na excess, sintered at 1175 °C for 10 h, presented a good ionic conductivity (4.72 × 10−4 S/cm).
Machining Surface Improvement through Electric- and Flow-Field Adjustments in Flying Electrochemical Milling of AA 2219
Authors: Fan Shukai , Hu Xiaoyun , Shen Junzhi , Ma Xin , Li Hansong
Published: February 2024

Electrochemical milling is an ideal technique for machining large-scale 3D structures that consist of aerospace aluminum alloys. The distribution of the electric and flow fields are vital to the quality of the machined surface, and the structures of the inner flow channel and bottom outlet have different effects on the electric and flow fields on the machining surface. In this study, two specialized structures of a tool cathode were optimized by simulating the electric and flow fields, and a reasonable design basis for the tool cathode was obtained. Based on this, an ECM experiment was performed with the same machining parameters using different tools, and a 20 mm × 20 mm plane was machined. The experimental results showed that using an appropriate tool cathode can create ideal flow and electric fields, resulting in better processing. After optimizing, the machining plane arithmetic mean deviation decreased by 43% (from 14.050 μm to 6.045 μm), and the region elevation difference decreased by 52% (from 105.93 μm to 55.17 μm).
Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Smarzewski Piotr , Błaszczyk Krystian
Published: February 2024

Cement production in the world market is steadily increasing. In 2000, it was 1600 million tons, while as of 2013, the annual amount exceeded 4000 million tons. The burning of cement clinker is associated with the generation of waste. It is estimated that the amount of cement kiln dust (CKD), during combustion, reaches about 15–20%, which means 700 million tons per year. However, not all types of by-products are reusable due to high alkali, sulfate, and chloride contents, which can adversely affect the environment. One environmentally friendly solution may be to use CKD in the production of high-performance concrete (HPC), as a substitute for some of the cement. This paper presents a study of the short- and long-term physical and mechanical properties of HPC with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% CKD additives. The experiments determined density, water absorption, porosity, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and evaluated the microstructure of the concrete. The addition of CKD up to 10% caused an increase in the 28- and 730-day compressive strengths, while the values decreased slightly when CKD concentration increased to 20%. Splitting tensile strength decreased proportionally with 5–20% amounts of CKD regardless of HPC age. Porosity, absorbability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity decreased with increasing cement dust, while the bulk density increased for HPC with CKD. Microstructure analyses showed a decrease in the content of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), acceleration of setting, and formation of wider microcracks with an increase in CKD. From the results, it was shown that a 15% percentage addition of CKD can effectively replace cement in the production of HPC and contribute to reducing the amount of by-product from the burning of cement clinker.