bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs Modulate the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: An In Silico Analysis in the Human Brain
Authors: Gugliandolo Agnese , Chiricosta Luigi , Boccardi Virginia , Mecocci Patrizia , Bramanti Placido , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: August 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes, causing a decrease in protein translation from the mRNA. Different miRNAs are found in the nervous system, where they are involved in its physiological functions, but altered miRNAs expression was also reported in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is characterized by memory loss, cognitive function abnormalities, and various neuropsychiatric disturbances. AD hallmarks are amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, called senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. In this study, we performed an in silico analysis to evaluate altered patterns of miRNAs expression in the brains of AD patients compared to healthy subjects. We found 12 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in AD compared to healthy individuals. These miRNAs have target genes involved in AD pathogenesis. In particular, some miRNAs influence Aβ production, having as target secretase and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Some miRNAs were reported to be involved in nervous system functions, and their alteration can cause neuronal dysfunction.
Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdelkarim Ashraf , Al-Alola Seham S. , Alogayell Haya M. , Mohamed Soha A. , Alkadi Ibtesam I. , Youssef Ismail Y.
Published: August 2020

Drainage basins in dry and semiarid environments are exposed to sudden, irregular flooding that poses a threat to urban areas and infrastructure. The associated risk is exacerbated by land use changes. Geomorphometric analyses of drainage basins based on geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for assessing conceptual flood hazards. Geomorphological data extracted from high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) provide valuable information for modeling the geomorphic, surface classifications of the earth, and for flood hazard mapping. This study aimed to develop an integrative approach to the mapping of flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using GIS and hazard modeling for geomorphological ranking. Furthermore, we propose strategic solutions to provide mitigation and protection from negative impacts with the aim of improving the level of awareness of flood geomorphology. The hazard model of geomorphological ranking was used in mapping and calculating the degree of hazards using 24 geomorphometric criteria. These criteria were divided into formal criteria, terrain criteria, and criteria related to the drainage network. The results of the study revealed that the drainage sub-basins are exposed to flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat. The very high flood hazard constituted 4228.3 km2, accounting for 70.3% and 65.7%, respectively, of the drainage basins of the wadis of Makhrouq and Bayer. The high flood hazard represented 61% (4712.4 km2) of the basin of the wadis of Sarmadaa. The medium flood hazard was concentrated in the drainage basin of the wadi of Hasidah, accounting for nearly 57.7% (1271.3 km2). The very low flood hazard was present in 46.5% of the drainage basin of the wadis of Hasidah Umm Nakhla, accounting for an area of 799.4 km2. The methodology applied in this study can be used in the estimation of flood hazards in different drainage basins throughout Saudi Arabia and in similar arid regions.
Trash Dance: Anthropogenic Litter and Organic Matter Co-Accumulate on Urban Beaches
Authors: Lazcano Raúl F. , Vincent Anna E. S. , Hoellein Timothy J.
Published: August 2020

Anthropogenic litter (i.e., trash, AL) on beaches has negative ecological and economic impacts. Beach AL is likely moved together with coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, algae, leaves), but no previous studies have assessed AL and CPOM co-distribution. We measured AL and CPOM on four urban beaches in Chicago, Illinois, USA, along two transect types (pier-adjacent, non-pier adjacent) in which each has three habitats (upland, beach, strand line). As expected, AL and CPOM density were positively related across all transects. AL and CPOM were significantly higher adjacent to piers, and variable among habitats. Wood, leaves, and smoking-related AL were most abundant in beach and upland zones while glass and algal detritus were abundant at the strandline. Overall, AL and CPOM show ‘patchy’ distribution attributed to wind and wave movement toward accumulation sites. Beach CPOM is a hot spot of biological activity (e.g., microbes, invertebrates, birds). Therefore, mixing of AL and CPOM suggests organisms may be more likely to encounter AL in mixed accumulations. Efforts to reduce the abundance and biological impacts of beach AL will benefit from emphasizing organic matter accumulation sites.
Characterization of the Petrophysical Properties of the Timahdit Oil Shale Layers in Morocco
Authors: El Idrissi Hanane Sghiouri , Samaouali Abderrahim , El Rhaffari Younes , El Alami Salah , Geraud Yves
Published: August 2020

In this work, we study the variability of the lithological composition and organic matter content of samples were taken from the different layers M, X and Y of the Timahdit oil shale in Morocco, in order to experimentally analyze the impact of this variability on petrophysical measurements. The objective of this study is to predict the properties of the layers, including their thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, porosity and P and S wave velocities. The results of the study of the impact of the organic matter content of the samples on the petrophysical measurements show that, regardless of the organic matter content, thermal conductivity and diffusivity remain insensitive, while P and S wave velocities decrease linearly and porosity increases with increasing organic matter content. On the other hand, the study of the organic matter variability content is consistent with the velocity ratio, so can be used as an organic matter indicator of the layers. Conductivity and thermal diffusivity are almost invariant to the variability of the organic matter.
The Natural Frontiers of a Global Empire: The Pineapple—Ananas comosus—In Portuguese Sources of the 16th Century
Authors: Carvalho Teresa Nobre de
Published: August 2020

The great oceanic voyages had unexpected consequences on the pace with which plants moved between the most far-removed corners of the globe. From the mid-sixteenth century onwards, the huge distances covered led to an unprecedented change in the distribution of vegetable species. Settlers and voyagers took European plants with them and introduced them into the Americas, Africa, and Asia. African plants were transferred to America and Asia, and Asian species were dispersed across all continents. These biological transferences led to global changes in people’s dietary habits and therapeutic practices, as well as giving rise to new business opportunities and previously untested ways of exploiting the land. Originally from Brazil, the pineapple—Ananas comosus—made a great impression on those who came across it. Refusing to take root in the cold European latitudes, the fruit crossed the Atlantic Ocean aboard Portuguese ships in search of other territories with an adequate climate. In this essay, I will analyze the references to pineapple in the chronicles, botanical texts, and missionaries’ letters in circulation in the 1500s. I will examine the cultural context that permitted the diffusion of this botanical species and follow the oceanic routes traced by this exotic plant that allowed the wide dissemination of the fruit throughout the Portuguese empire.
Impact of COVID-19 on Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Viewpoint for Research Action
Authors: Abate Giulia , Memo Maurizio , Uberti Daniela
Published: August 2020

In the middle of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak, the main efforts of the scientific community are rightly all focused on identifying efficient pharmacological treatments to cure the acute severe symptoms and developing a reliable vaccine. On the other hand, we cannot exclude that, in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive subjects, the virus infection could have long-term consequences, leading to chronic medical conditions such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease. Considering the age of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, the neuroinvasive potential might lead/contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we analyzed a possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Alzheimer’s disease risk, hypothesizing possible mechanisms at the base of disease development. This reflection raises the need to start to experimentally investigating today the mechanistic link between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and COVID-19 to be ready tomorrow.
Anxiety of Older Persons Living Alone in the Community
Authors: Yu Jinna , Choe Kwisoon , Kang Youngmi
Published: August 2020

Anxiety is a common mental health problem among older persons, and the prevalence is higher in those who live alone than those who live with others. This study aimed to explore the experiences of anxiety in older persons living alone. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyze the interview data from 15 older persons (5 males, 10 females) living alone in Seoul, South Korea. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: fear of being alone, concern about having an aged body, apprehension mixed with depression and loneliness, and fear of economic difficulties. These findings indicate that older persons living alone should receive continuous attention to prevent them from being neglected and their anxiety from worsening. Above all, it is vital to ensure comprehensive support for older persons living alone to alleviate their anxiety.
Perception of Patient Safety Culture in the Framework of the Psychosocial Care Network in Western Amazon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Araripe Marcos Cordeiro , Silva Glauco Martins , de Lima Marcos Venicius Malveira , Bezerra Ítalla Maria Pinheiro , de Melo Walédya Araújo Lopes , Laporta Gabriel Zorello
Published: August 2020

The culture of patient safety should be considered a guiding principle for different areas of health. This research presents the results of an analysis on Patient Safety Culture (PSC), according to the perception of health professionals who work in the Psychosocial Care Network, through a descriptive observational cross-sectional study, using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture in a municipality in the Western Amazon of Brazil. Sixty-nine (69) professionals expressed that the best dimensions evaluated were: “expectations and actions to promote the safety of supervisors and managers” (75%) and “support from hospital management to patient safety” (64%). The worst evaluations were: “non-punitive responses to errors” (27%) and “general perceptions about patient safety” (35%), demonstrating that there still is a culture of fear of causing harm and the need for educational actions on patient safety. In general, all professionals have close contact with patients, regardless of the length on duty; however, the weekly workload and turnover in this sector is leading to a greater chance of errors. The analysis of the internal reliability of the dimensions ranged from 0.12 to 0.89. Only one-third of the respondents scored PSC as “Good” in the studied institutions and 63 out 69 professionals did not report any adverse events in the last 12 months. There are weaknesses in the observed perception of PSC and the obtained results show opportunities and challenges for improvements in the study system.
Perceived Barriers to Rural Elderly Women’s Health-Promoting Behaviors: An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Moon Hyunjung , Cha Sunkyung , Park Eunyoung
Published: August 2020

This study multidimensionally examines rural elderly women’s subjective barriers to practicing health-promoting behaviors. Twenty-six rural elderly women participated in three focus group interviews. Content analysis and a qualitative research method were used. The results, based on an ecological model, show that the implementation of health-promoting behaviors in rural elderly women was comprehensively related to intrapersonal (functional decline, passive attitude, and lack of implementation), interpersonal (lack of social support), community (restrictive conditions, accessibility issues, and lack of infrastructure), and public policy (lack of policy support) factors. Interventions addressing each factor can help reduce or eliminate the perceived barriers to health-promoting behaviors through interactions. Our findings can contribute to the development of health-promoting programs focused specifically on the socialization of rural elderly women and community-centered health policies in the future.
Descriptive Study of Children’s Nutritional Status and Identification of Community-Level Nursing Diagnoses in a School Community in Africa
Authors: Melo Pedro , Sousa Maria Isabel , Dimande Matilde Mabui , Taboada Sónia , Nogueira Maria Assunção , Pinto Carlos , Figueiredo Maria Henriqueta , Nguyen Tam H. , Martínez-Riera José Ramón
Published: August 2020

Effectively responding to children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique requires a community-based care approach grounded in sound nursing research that is evidence-based. The Community Assessment, Intervention, and Empowerment Model (MAIEC) is a nursing theoretical model that is based upon clinical decision-making for community health nurses using communities as a unit of care. We used the MAIEC to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis to address children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique. Objectives: (1) to conduct a descriptive study of children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in a school community in Mavalane, Mozambique, and (2) to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis using the MAIEC clinical decision-making matrix in the same school community. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children using anthropometric data, including brachial perimeter and the tricipital skinfold, and standard deviation for the relation of weight–height, in a sample of 227 children. To assess community management of the problem and identify a community-based nursing diagnosis, we surveyed 176 parents/guardians and 49 education professionals, using a questionnaire based on the MAIEC clinical decision matrix as a reference. Results: malnutrition was identified in more than half of the children (51.3%). We also identified a community-based nursing diagnosis of impaired community management related to the promotion of child health and healthy eating evidenced by the lack of community leadership, participation, and processing among more than 70% of the community members (parents/guardians and education professionals). Conclusion: a nursing diagnosis and diagnostic criteria for nutritional status and community management were identified. The need to intervene using a multidisciplinary public health approach is imperative, with the school community as the unit of care. In addition, reliable anthropometric data were identified as important criteria to complement the nursing diagnosis and guide future public health interventions.
Immersive Virtual Reality Applications in Schizophrenia Spectrum Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bisso Emanuele , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Milazzo Michele , Maglia Marilena , Polosa Riccardo , Aguglia Eugenio , Caponnetto Pasquale
Published: August 2020

(1) Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is a fully immersive computer simulated experience consisting of a three-dimensional interactive virtual environment, through a head-mounted display (HMD) and controller. The use of virtual reality has recently been proposed for the treatment of various psychiatric conditions, including the spectrum of schizophrenia. Our review aims to investigate the current available evidence regarding the use of immersive virtual reality in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. (2) Methods: From April 2019 to June 2020, we conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying therapeutic applications in immersive virtual reality for the spectrum of schizophrenia, searching for relevant studies on Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL. (3) Results: We identified a total of 2601 unique records. Of these, 64 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and six out of these met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. (4) Conclusions: The available data on immersive virtual reality are currently limited due to the few studies carried out on the topic; however, it has demonstrated its effectiveness and versatility in successfully treating various psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, or cognitive and social skills. Existing literature agrees on safe, tolerable, and long-term persistence of the therapeutic effects obtained by immersive VR. No serious side effects have been reported. In some specific cases, VR therapy was found to be very effective compared to usual treatment, allowing effective drug free interventions, and therefore without side effects for patients, even in those resistant to normal drug therapies.
Study of the Predictive Validity of the Burnout Granada Questionnaire in Police Officers
Authors: De La Fuente-Solana Emilia I. , Ortega-Campos Elena , Vargas-Roman Keyla , Cañadas-De la Fuente Gustavo R. , Ariza C. Tania , Aguayo-Extremera Raimundo , Albendín-García Luis
Published: August 2020

Professionals with burnout have negative physical and psychological effects, with adverse consequences in their workplace. Burnout mainly affects assisting professions; amongst them, police work is one of the professions at risk of suffering from this syndrome. The aim of this research is to study the adequacy of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Granada Burnout Questionnaire instruments to measure burnout in police officers through the study of the reliability and validity (concurrent and predictive) of these instruments. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was composed of 1884 police officers, mostly men (85.4%), with an average age of 35.04 (SD = 8.30). The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Granada Burnout Questionnaire were used to measure burnout. The results obtained in this study support the adequacy of both instruments for measuring burnout. The correlation coefficients between the dimensions are significant, with a medium-high magnitude. Participants with burnout had significantly higher scores in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower scores in personal accomplishment in both instruments. The area under the curve estimated for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire provided evidence of the predictive validity of the instrument. The police profession needs validated and sensitive tools to identify police changes in the dimensions of burnout. The Granada Burnout Questionnaire instrument correctly classifies burnout in police professionals.
Relationships between Linear Sprint, Lower-Body Power Output and Change of Direction Performance in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Papla Monika , Krzysztofik Michal , Wojdala Grzegorz , Roczniok Robert , Oslizlo Marcin , Golas Artur
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between linear sprint, power output obtained during a squat and change of direction (COD) performance. Fifteen elite soccer players participated in this study (age = 21.7 ± 0.72 years, body mass = 74.9 ± 9.11 kg, body height = 180.4 ± 7 cm, training experience = 9 ± 1.5 years). To examine these correlations a following battery of tests were carried out: 20-m linear sprint, one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat strength, peak power output obtained during a squat at 50% 1RM and time obtained in two 20-m COD tests with different angles of direction change (90° and 135°). In addition, COD deficits (90°-CODDEF and 135°-CODDEF) for both COD tests were calculated. The Spearman’s rank order correlation showed a nearly perfect statistical relationship between the 90°-COD and the 90°-CODDEF (r = 0.9; p < 0.001). In the case of 90°-CODDEF, there was a large statistical relationship with 135°-CODDEF (r = 0.59; p = 0.021). Moreover, there was a nearly perfect statistical relationship between 135°-COD and 135°-CODDEF (r = 0.91; p < 0.001). The statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) relationship between 20-m linear sprint time, power output obtained during a squat at 50% 1RM, 1RM squat strength level and both COD test, as well as both COD deficits were found. Results of the present study showed that 20-m linear sprinting speed, 1RM squat strength, power output obtained during squat at 50% 1RM and COD ability at 90° and 135° angles, are separate physical qualities. Moreover, it seems that COD deficit provides a more isolated measure of COD ability than the COD tests alone and does not must be limited to a specific angle, but provides knowledge about the COD ability in a range of other angles, at least concerning 90° and 135° COD angles.
The Impact of Changes in Professional Autonomy and Occupational Commitment on Nurses’ Intention to Leave: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study in Japan
Authors: Hara Yukari , Asakura Kyoko , Asakura Takashi
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to investigate changes in nurses’ attitudes toward professional autonomy and occupational commitment over time, and their effect on nurses’ intentions to leave, using a two-wave longitudinal design. Anonymous, self-report questionnaires were distributed to all nurses working at 28 hospitals in western Japan on two separate occasions (n = 1778). Multivariate analysis using a generalized estimation equation was conducted, with the intention to leave at Time 2 as the dependent variable, and the changing secular trends in all subscales of attitudes toward professional autonomy and occupational commitment as the independent variables. Age, sex, education, and intention to leave at Time 1 were control variables. Results showed that increasing changing secular trends in control over work conditions, which is a subscale of attitudes toward professional autonomy, increased intention to leave at Time 2, while increasing changing secular trends in all subscales of occupational commitment decreased intention to leave at Time 2. Nurses with a progressive attitude toward discretion of control over work conditions may have higher intentions to leave. Therefore, increasing control over their work conditions may reduce this intention. Additionally, it is necessary to continually enhance nurses’ occupational commitment by offering professional development programs.
Pre- and Post-Operative Nutrition Assessment in Patients with Colon Cancer Undergoing Ileostomy
Authors: Vasilopoulos Georgios , Makrigianni Panagiota , Polikandrioti Maria , Tsiampouris Ilias , Karayiannis Dimitrios , Margari Nikoletta , Avramopoulou Lamprini , Toulia Georgia , Fasoi Georgia
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Patients undergoing ileostomy surgery often experience electrolyte disturbances and dehydration, especially during the first post-operative period. Recently, research has also begun on how the newly constructed ileostomy affects the patient’s nutritional status. Aim: The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the nutritional status of patients before and after the construction of the ileostomy as well as nutrition-related factors. Material and Method: This was a pilot study. The sample consisted of 13 adult patients diagnosed with colorectal or colon cancer who underwent scheduled ileostomy surgery. The evaluation tool used was “Original Full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)”. Patients underwent nutritional assessment before the surgery (time 0), on the 7th post-operative day (time 1), and on the 20th post-operative day (time 2). The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: All patients had a drop in MNA score on the 7th and 20th post-operative days. Factors associated with MNA were weight loss, mobility, body mass index (BMI), number of full meals consumed per day, portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day, and mid-arm circumference, p < 0.05, respectively. Pre-operatively, 38.5%, of patients had severe weight loss (>3 kg), 23% moderate weight loss and 38.5% minimal weight loss. Pre-operatively, 92.3% of participants were able to move on their own and 69.2% on the 20th post-operatively day. Furthermore, BMI >23 kg/m2 had 84.6% of participants pre-operatively and 30.8% on the 20th post-operative day. In terms of portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day, 30.8% of patients consumed at least 2 times, pre-operatively and no one (0%) on the 20th post-operative day. Moreover, pre-operatively all participants (100%) had arm circumference >22 cm while on the 20th post-operative day, only 38.5% of participants had arm circumference >22 cm. Conclusions: In the first 20 days after the construction of an ileostomy, the nutritional status of the patients is significantly affected. Decreased patient nutrition in both quantity and ingredients and reduced fluid intake appear to adversely affect the patient’s nutritional status.
Combating Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on Social Media: The FoMO-R Method
Authors: Alutaybi Aarif , Al-Thani Dena , McAlaney John , Ali Raian
Published: August 2020

Background: The fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media refers to the apprehension that online content and interactions from others are unseen and reacted to in a timely fashion. FoMO can become problematic, leading to anxiety, interrupted sleep, lack of concentration and dependence on social media to generate gratification. The literature has mainly focused on understanding the FoMO experience, factors contributing to it and its consequences. Method: In this paper, we build on previous research and develop a FoMO Reduction (FoMO-R) approach that embraces technical elements such as autoreply, filtering, status, education on how FoMO occurs and skills on how to deal with it; e.g., self-talk and checklists. We evaluate the method through focus groups and a diary study involving 30 participants who self-declared to experience FoMO regularly. Results: The results show that the method was accepted by the participants and helped them to manage their FoMO. They also show that a set of extra functionalities in social media design is needed so that users can manage FoMO more effectively. Conclusion: FoMO can be reduced through socio-technical approaches, joining both social and technical skills, and literacy on how social media are designed and how social interactions should happen on them.
Epidemiological Findings of Alcohol Misuse and Dependence Symptoms among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Involved in High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Mayanja Yunia , Kamacooko Onesmus , Bagiire Daniel , Namale Gertrude , Seeley Janet
Published: August 2020

Alcohol-related harms may be increased among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) involved in sex work, yet data on alcohol misuse among AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa are still scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 15–24-year-old AGYW from January 2013 to December 2018 in Kampala, Uganda and used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to study alcohol use patterns and dependence symptoms (dependence score ≥4). Of 1440 participants (median age 21 years), 83.1% had less than secondary education, 79.8% reported ≥10 paying sexual partners in the past month, 46.0% had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), and 20.6% were living with HIV. Overall, 59.9% scored ≥8 and 29.4% scored ≥16 on the AUDIT. Of 277 (15.8%) with dependence symptoms, 69.1% were screened alcohol dependent. An AUDIT score ≥8 was associated with older age, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV, inconsistent condom use with paying partners, and HIV sero-negativity. All factors remained associated with a higher score ≥16 except HIV status. Similarly, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV and inconsistent condom use were associated with dependence symptoms and, in addition, a higher number of paying sexual partners. Alcohol misuse is high in this population, they urgently need harmful substance use reduction interventions.
An Early Warning System for Flood Detection Using Critical Slowing Down
Authors: Syed Musa Syed Mohamad Sadiq , Md Noorani Mohd Salmi , Abdul Razak Fatimah , Ismail Munira , Alias Mohd Almie , Hussain Saiful Izzuan
Published: August 2020

The theory of critical slowing down (CSD) suggests an increasing pattern in the time series of CSD indicators near catastrophic events. This theory has been successfully used as a generic indicator of early warning signals in various fields, including climate research. In this paper, we present an application of CSD on water level data with the aim of producing an early warning signal for floods. To achieve this, we inspect the trend of CSD indicators using quantile estimation instead of using the standard method of Kendall’s tau rank correlation, which we found is inconsistent for our data set. For our flood early warning system (FLEWS), quantile estimation is used to provide thresholds to extract the dates associated with significant increases on the time series of the CSD indicators. We apply CSD theory on water level data of Kelantan River and found that it is a reliable technique to produce a FLEWS as it demonstrates an increasing pattern near the flood events. We then apply quantile estimation on the time series of CSD indicators and we manage to establish an early warning signal for ten of the twelve flood events. The other two events are detected on the first day of the flood.
Early Rehabilitation after Surgical Repair of Medial and Lateral Collateral Elbow Ligaments: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Kim Seong Eon , Choi Yong Chul , Lee Ji Young
Published: August 2020

Elbow ligament injuries are commonly caused by overuse; degeneration; and trauma; such as from a fall or collision. The purpose of this study was to present the results of three cases involving patients undergoing early rehabilitation after surgical treatment for complex injury of the elbow medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Two patients were non-athlete middle-aged women and one was a recreational judo player. Surgery was performed through open incision or arthroscopically. Rehabilitation consisted of range of motion (ROM) exercise; muscle strength restoration; and neuromuscular training. Passive ROM exercise and isometric strength exercise began at 7 days; isotonic strength training at 6 weeks; and neuromuscular training at 3 months after operation. Center- and home-based methods of exercise participation were combined. Center-based exercises were performed 1–2 times per week for the first 6 months and 1–2 times per month for the next 6 months. Patients also performed home-based and self-monitoring exercise. Examinations included ROM using a goniometer; muscle strength test using isokinetic equipment; and Oxford elbow score. In the six months after surgery; flexion ROM was 130° for Case A (health side 145°), 110° for Case B (health side 145°), and 135° for Case C (health side 135°); grip strength was restored to 13 kg (health side 28 kg), 16 kg (health side 25 kg), and 38 kg (health side 52 kg); and isokinetic flexion strength was improved to 30 Nm (health side 58 Nm), 21 Nm (health side 50 Nm), and 72 Nm (health side 80 Nm), respectively. In conclusion; patients who underwent early rehabilitation recovered ROM and muscle strength and returned to daily activity without any side effects. This study showed that patients with elbow MCL and LCL injuries took approximately 3 months to recover meaningful ROM; approximately 6 months to recover muscle strength; and 4–8 months to play light recreational sports. In addition; it took patients 6 weeks to return to their daily activities and 6 months to improve questionnaire scores in their function and pain during daily activity. In follow-up two years after surgery; all three patients had full ROM and muscle strength within 10% of the healthy side
Health Behaviors of Chinese Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Comparison Study with Their Siblings
Authors: Chan Carmen W. H. , Choi Kai Chow , Chien Wai Tong , Sit Janet W. H. , Wong Rosa , Cheng Karis K. F. , Li Chi Kong , Yuen Hui Leung , Li Chi Keung
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to compare health behaviors between the childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and their sibling controls and to examine the pattern of health behaviors of the Hong Kong Chinese CCS and its associations with their health-related quality of life and psychological distress. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted. A total of 614 CCS and 208 sibling controls participated in this study. Patterns of health behaviors including lifestyle behaviors, cancer screening practices, and insurance coverage were compared. Multivariate regression analyses were performed for examining factors associated with health behaviors in CCS. Results: CCS had less alcohol consumption when compared with their sibling controls (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.65, p = 0.035). The sibling controls were more likely to have cancer screening practices (AOR = 0.38, p = 0.005) and health (AOR = 0.27, p < 0.001) and life insurance coverage (AOR = 0.38, p < 0.001). Among the CCS, those who were male, having a job or higher education, shorter time since diagnosis, and type of cancer suffered were significantly associated with alcohol consumption. Those CCS who were drinkers indicated poorer mental health (p = 0.004) and more psychological distress. Female CCS undertaking cancer screening were more likely to be employed, married/cohabiting, and have received intensive cancer treatment. Conclusion: This study reveals that Chinese childhood cancer survivors are less likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, insurance coverage and cancer screening, when compared with their siblings. Implications for Cancer Survivors: It is crucial for healthcare professionals to identify strategies or target interventions for raising CCS’s awareness of their cancer risks and healthy lifestyle throughout their life.
Exploration of Superspreading Events in 2015 MERS-CoV Outbreak in Korea by Branching Process Models
Authors: Choe Seoyun , Kim Hee-Sung , Lee Sunmi
Published: August 2020

South Korea has learned a valuable lesson from the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus outbreak in 2015. The 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea was the largest outbreak outside the Middle Eastern countries and was characterized as a nosocomial infection and a superspreading event. To assess the characteristics of a super spreading event, we specifically analyze the behaviors and epidemiological features of superspreaders. Furthermore, we employ a branching process model to understand a significantly high level of heterogeneity in generating secondary cases. The existing model of the branching process (Lloyd-Smith model) is used to incorporate individual heterogeneity into the model, and the key epidemiological components (the reproduction number and the dispersive parameter) are estimated through the empirical transmission tree of the MERS-CoV data. We also investigate the impact of control intervention strategies on the MERS-CoV dynamics of the Lloyd-Smith model. Our results highlight the roles of superspreaders in a high level of heterogeneity. This indicates that the conditions within hospitals as well as multiple hospital visits were the crucial factors for superspreading events of the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak.
Determinants of Bone Mineral Screening Behavior among Three Ethno-Cultural Groups of Women in Israel
Authors: Edelstein Offer E. , Achdut Netta , Vered Iris , Sarid Orly
Published: August 2020

Bone mineral density (BMD) screening is one of the main means to detect and treat osteoporosis. Yet, the manner in which ethno-cultural background is associated with BMD health cognitions and screening behavior remains limited. Several ethno-cultural groups (n = 100 in each group)—Israeli-born Jews, Israeli-born Bedouin-Muslims, and Jewish immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU), mean age 70 (SD = 7.1)—participated in face-to-face interviews in a cross-sectional survey, using valid and reliable questionnaires on BMD screening behavior, knowledge about osteoporosis, and theory of planned behavior (TPB) components. FSU immigrants reported the lowest BMD screening behavior. The multivariate analysis showed that higher knowledge level, positive attitudes, supportive subjective norms, and greater intentions increase the probability of BMD screening behavior. The TPB attitude component had a more pronounced effect on the probability of undergoing BMD screening among Israeli-born Bedouin-Muslims compared to Israeli-born Jews. Our findings contribute to the TPB by deepening our understanding of the associations between TPB components and BMD screening behaviors, from an ethno-cultural perspective. To assure sufficient BMD screening behavior among all ethno-cultural groups, intervention programs—suited to address the unique characteristics of each ethno-cultural group—are required.
Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Albergoni Andrea , Hettinga Florentina J. , Stut Wim , Sartor Francesco
Published: August 2020

Background: Monitoring and interfacing technologies may increase physical activity (PA) program adherence in older adults, but they should account for aspects influencing older adults’ PA behavior. This study aimed at gathering preliminary wrist-based PA adherence data in free-living and relate these to the influencing factors. Methods: Ten healthy older adults (4 females, aged 70–78 years) provided health, fatigue, activity levels, attitude towards pacing, and self-efficacy information and performed a 6 min-walk test to assess their fitness. After a baseline week they followed a two-week walking and exercise intervention. Participants saw their progress via a purposely designed mobile application. Results: Walking and exercise adherence did not increase during the intervention (p = 0.38, p = 0.65). Self-efficacy decreased (p = 0.024). The baseline physical component of the Short Form Health Survey was the most predictive variable of walking adherence. Baseline perceived risk of over-activity and resting heart rate (HRrest) were the most predictive variables of exercise adherence. When the latter two were used to cluster participants according to their exercise adherence, the fitness gap between exercise-adherent and non-adherent increased after the intervention (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Risk of over-activity and HRrest profiled short-term exercise adherence in older adults. If confirmed in a larger and longer study, these could personalize interventions aimed at increasing adherence.
Evaluation of Nonresponse Bias in a Case–Control Study of Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Airoldi Chiara , Ferrante Daniela , Mirabelli Dario , Azzolina Danila , Magnani Corrado
Published: August 2020

Nonparticipation limits the power of epidemiological studies, and can cause bias. In a case–control study on pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM), we found low participation in interviews (63%) among controls. Our goal was to characterize nonresponder controls and assess nonresponse bias in our study. We selected all nonresponder controls (204) and a random sample of responder controls (174). Data were obtained linking hospital admissions and town registrars, and concordance between sources was assessed. Nonresponse bias was evaluated using a logistic regression model applying the inverse probability weighting approach. The odds ratio (OR) for the status of the respondents was 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–1.16) for controls aged 61–70, 0.37 (CI: 0.20–0.66) for those aged 71–80, and 0.40 (CI: 0.20–0.80) for those aged above 80 (reference group: ≤60 years). Controls with low education level had lower OR (0.47; CI: 0.26–0.84). After adjustment, the ORs for MM by categories of cumulative exposure to asbestos were similar to the unadjusted results, ranging from 4.6 (CI: 1.8–11.7) for cumulative exposures between 0.1 and 1 f/mL-y to 57.5 (CI: 20.2–163.9) above 10 f/mL-y. Responder controls were younger and had higher education level. Nevertheless, there was little evidence of bias from nonresponse in the risk estimates of MM.
Health Technology Assessment Report on Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Marras Carlo Efisio , Colicchio Gabriella , De Palma Luca , De Benedictis Alessandro , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Cavaliere Marilou , Cesaroni Elisabetta , Consales Alessandro , Asioli Sofia , Caulo Massimo , Villani Flavio , Zamponi Nelia
Published: August 2020

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a palliative treatment for medical intractable epileptic syndromes not eligible for resective surgery. Health technology assessment (HTA) represents a modern approach to the analysis of technologies used for healthcare. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical, organizational, financial, and economic impact of VNS therapy in drug-resistant epilepsies and to establish the congruity between costs incurred and health service reimbursement. Methods: The present study used an HTA approach. It is based on an extensive detailed bibliographic search on databases (Medline, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane, sites of scientific societies and institutional sites). The HTA study includes the following issues: (a) social impact and costs of the disease; (b) VNS eligibility and clinical results; (c) quality of life (QoL) after VNS therapy; (d) economic impact and productivity regained after VNS; and (e) costs of VNS. Results: Literature data indicate VNS as an effective treatment with a potential positive impact on social aspects and on quality of life. The diagnosis-related group (DRG) financing, both on national and regional levels, does not cover the cost of the medical device. There was an evident insufficient coverage of the DRG compared to the full cost of implanting the device. Conclusions: VNS is a palliative treatment for reducing seizure frequency and intensity. Despite its economic cost, VNS should improve patients’ quality of life and reduce care needs.
Mapping the Catchment Area of Park and Ride Facilities within Urban Environments
Authors: Ortega Jairo , Tóth János , Péter Tamás
Published: August 2020

A Park and Ride (P & R) system is a set of facilities located throughout an urban area that can serve as transfer points for travelers that would like to utilize their private vehicles for one part of their journey and a more sustainable transport mode, such as public transport, for another part of the same journey. The catchment area of the facilities is identified as a fundamental element for planning a P & R system. It can be assumed to be accurately represented by several geometric shapes, such as a circle or a parabola. In that regard, a method denominated as the parabola method can be used to visualize those geometric shapes on digital maps of an urban environment. It can be implemented as a software program that integrates the variables that represent the elements of the P & R system as well as the set of equations that are used in a geographic information system (GIS) software. A significant aspect of how the parabola method is applied is its orientation as a shape, which is traditionally configured in respect to the area of major business activity or central business districts (CBDs). In fact, the research presented in this article aims to provide a new approach to the parabola’s orientation to study the P & R system’s catchment area by proposing the parabola’s orientation according to the primary access that potential users used to reach the facility. A case study that portrays the application of our method is given that is focused on the medium-sized city of Cuenca, Ecuador, where we determine which approach to the parabola’s orientation is the most suitable. In conclusion, the second approach proposed in this research reflects in a more realistic form the operation of the catchment area of the P & R system, considering a better distribution of the coverage area of the P & R system in the urban environment.
Assessing the Spatial Pattern of Irrigation Demand under Climate Change in Arid Area
Authors: Wang Liping , Wang Shufang , Zhang Liudong , Salahou Mohamed Khaled , Jiao Xiyun , Sang Honghui
Published: August 2020

Studying the pattern of agricultural water demand under climate change has great significance for the regional water resources management, especially in arid areas. In this study, the future pattern of the irrigation demand in Hotan Oasis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China, including Hotan City, Hotan County, Moyu County and Luopu County, was assessed based on the general circulation models (GCMs) and the Surface Energy Balance System model (SEBS). Six different scenarios were used based on the GCMs of BCC_CSM1.1, HadGEM2-ES and MIROC-ESM-CHEM under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results showed that the method integrating the GCMs and SEBS to predict the spatial pattern was useful. The irrigation demand of Hotan Oasis will increase in 2021–2040. The annual irrigation demand of Hotan City is higher, with 923.2 and 936.2 mm/a in 2021–2030 and 2031–2040, respectively. The other three regions (Hotan County, Moyu County and Luopu County) are lower in the six scenarios. The annual irrigation demand showed a spatial pattern of high in the middle, low in the northwest and southeast under the six scenarios in 2021–2040. The study can provide useful suggestions on the water resources allocation in different regions to protect water resources security in arid areas.
Method for Generation of Indoor GIS Models Based on BIM Models to Support Adjacent Analysis of Indoor Spaces
Authors: Chen Qingxiang , Chen Jing , Huang Wumeng
Published: August 2020

Methods for the generation of indoor geographic information system (GIS) models based on building information modelling (BIM) models can promote the analysis and application of indoor GIS, avoiding the complexity of traditional indoor space collection. The indoor adjacency relations (i.e., the attribute of IndoorGML) play a vital role in the adjacent query and analysis in indoor GIS applications (i.e., obtaining the neighbors or affected spaces of a cellular space in a building). However, current methods ignore the important feature, which considerably limits the spatial analysis ability of indoor GIS. Therefore, we developed a method for the generation of indoor GIS models based on BIM models to support adjacent analysis of indoor spaces. The method first devised an indoor GIS model (IGSM) by integrating spatial features (mainly adjacency relations) and the BIM model. Then, we proposed rapid modeling algorithms to mainly establish indoor adjacency relations based on the IGSM. Moreover, in the potential application of indoor GIS (e.g., indoor emergency response), we proposed a K-adjacent analysis algorithm to improve the application ability of the adjacent analysis of indoor GIS. Finally, experimental results suggest its validity and efficiency, which has substantial practical significance for the subsequent analysis and application of 3D GIS.