bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermophoresis of a spherical particle: modelling through moment-based, macroscopic transport equations
Authors: Padrino Juan C. , Sprittles James E. , Lockerby Duncan A.
Published: January 2019

We consider the linearized form of the regularized 13-moment equations (R13) to model the slow, steady gas dynamics surrounding a rigid, heat-conducting sphere when a uniform temperature gradient is imposed far from the sphere and the gas is in a state of rarefaction. Under these conditions, the phenomenon of thermophoresis, characterized by forces on the solid surfaces, occurs. The R13 equations, derived from the Boltzmann equation using the moment method, provide closure to the mass, momentum and energy conservation laws in the form of constitutive, transport equations for the stress and heat flux that extend the Navier–Stokes–Fourier model to include non-equilibrium effects. We obtain analytical solutions for the field variables that characterize the gas dynamics and a closed-form expression for the thermophoretic force on the sphere. We also consider the slow, streaming flow of gas past a sphere using the same model resulting in a drag force on the body. The thermophoretic velocity of the sphere is then determined from the balance between thermophoretic force and drag. The thermophoretic force is compared with predictions from other theories, including Grad’s 13-moment equations (G13), variants of the Boltzmann equation commonly used in kinetic theory, and with recently published experimental data. The new results from R13 agree well with results from kinetic theory up to a Knudsen number (based on the sphere’s radius) of approximately 0.1 for the values of solid-to-gas heat conductivity ratios considered. However, in this range of Knudsen numbers, where for a very high thermal conductivity of the solid the experiments show reversed thermophoretic forces, the R13 solution, which does result in a reversal of the force, as well as the other theories predict significantly smaller forces than the experimental values. For Knudsen numbers between 0.1 and 1 approximately, the R13 model of thermophoretic force qualitatively shows the trend exhibited by the measurements and, among the various models considered, results in the least discrepancy.
Effects of offering lupins/triticale and vetch/barley silages alone or in combination with grass silage on animal performance, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of lean meat from beef cattle
Authors: Kennedy P. C. , Dawson L. E. R. , Lively F. O. , Steen R. W. J. , Fearon A. M. , Moss B. W. , Kilpatrick D. J.
Published: January 2019

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of offering beef steers grass silage (GS) as the sole forage, lupins/triticale silage (LTS) as the sole forage, a mixture of LTS and GS at a ratio of 70:30 on a dry matter (DM) basis, vetch/barley silage (VBS) as the sole forage, a mixture of VBS and GS at a ratio of 70:30 on a DM basis, giving a total of five silage diets. Each of the five silage diets was supplemented with 2 and 5 kg of concentrates/head/day in a 5 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the five silages at two levels of concentrate intake and to examine possible interactions between silage type and concentrate intake. A total of 80 beef steers were used in the 122-day experiment. The GS was well preserved while the whole crop cereal/legume silages had high ammonia-nitrogen (N) concentrations, low lactic acid concentrations and low butyric acid concentrations For GS, LTS, LTS/GS, VBS and VBS/GS, respectively, silage DM intakes were 6.5, 7.0, 7.2, 6.1 and 6.6 (s.e.d.0.55) kg/day and live weight gains were 0.94, 0.72, 0.63, 0.65 and 0.73 (s.e.d.0.076) kg/day. Silage type did not affect carcass fatness, the colour or tenderness of meat or the fatty acid composition of the intramuscular fat in thelongissimus dorsimuscle.
Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India
Authors: Vijayakumar Madhava , Bhatia Vijayalakshmi , George Biju
Published: January 2019

Objective

To study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting

Tertiary government hospital.

Participants

Children (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.

Results

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.

Conclusions

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.
Logics of stratified identity management in world politics
Authors: Ward Steven
Published: January 2019

The importance of concerns about status in world politics has rarely been as evident as it is today. Yet our understanding of how status dynamics influence politics and foreign policy remains limited. Dominant approaches draw on insights from social psychology about individual attitudes and behavior, but scale these up to build accounts of states as unitary or anthropomorphic actors. This results in serious theoretical problems and analytical blind spots. In this article, I offer a new framework – still rooted in social psychological insights about intergroup status dynamics – that addresses these problems. I recast the fundamental question from one about how states react to status dissatisfaction to one about how individuals – with different psychological profiles, different interests, and different positions within the national community – react to anxiety about the status of the state with they identify. I develop four broad logics that inform responses to national status dissatisfaction: identification change, emulation, transformation, and rejection. These logics subsume familiar arguments about how states seek status, but they also accommodate additional variation and explanatory possibilities. They thus constitute a more flexible framework that is better suited than existing alternatives to understand the full variety of ways in which status dynamics may influence world politics.
Causal role of group B Streptococcus-induced acute chorioamnionitis in intrauterine growth retardation and cerebral palsy-like impairments
Authors: Allard M.-J. , Brochu M.-E. , Bergeron J. D. , Segura M. , Sébire G.
Published: January 2019

Chorioamnionitis and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP). Common bacteria isolated in chorioamnionitis include group B Streptococcus (GBS) serotypes Ia and III. Little is known about the impact of placental inflammation induced by different bacteria, including different GBS strains. We aimed to test the impact of chorioamnionitis induced by two common GBS serotypes (GBSIa and GBSIII) on growth and neuromotor outcomes in the progeny. Dams were exposed at the end of gestation to either saline, inactivated GBSIa or GBSIII. Inactivated GBS bacteria invaded placentas and triggered a chorioamnionitis featured by massive polymorphonuclear cell infiltrations. Offspring exposed to GBSIII – but not to GBSIa – developed IUGR, persisting beyond adolescent age. Male rats in utero exposed to GBSIII traveled a lower distance in the Open Field test, which was correlating with their level of IUGR. GBSIII-exposed rats presented decreased startle responses to acoustic stimuli beyond adolescent age. GBS-exposed rats displayed a dysmyelinated white matter in the corpus callosum adjacent to thinner primary motor cortices. A decreased density of microglial cells was detected in the mature corpus callosum of GBSIII-exposed males – but not females – which was correlating positively with the primary motor cortex thickness. Altogether, our results demonstrate a causal link between pathogen-induced acute chorioamnionitis and (1) IUGR, (2) serotype- and sex-specific neuromotor impairments and (3) abnormal development of primary motor cortices, dysmyelinated white matter and decreased density of microglial cells.
Conflict Poker
Authors: Seibel Sebastian , Volmer Judith
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Conflict Poker ( Ruckstuhl, Ammann, Zentner & van Wijnkoop Lüthi, 2016 ) ist ein spielerisches Training zum Umgang mit Konfliktsituationen. Mitspielenden wird mithilfe von Spielkarten eine bestimmte Rolle in einer fiktiven Konfliktsituation zugeordnet. Diese Konfliktsituation wird anschließend in einer Gruppendiskussion simuliert. Detaillierte Hinweise zur theoretischen Grundlage, zur Konstruktion des Verfahrens und zur Durchführung werden im Leitfaden nicht gegeben. Weiterhin gibt es keine Hinweise zur Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung des Trainings. Trotzdem sehen wir für Conflict Poker Anwendungspotential als Bestandteil eines Trainingskonzepts. Wir empfehlen den Einsatz allerdings nur Personen mit Erfahrung im Konfliktmanagement.
Geochemical Characteristics of Anatolian Basalts: Comment on “Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry” by McNab Et Al.
Authors: Uslular Göksu , Gençalioğlu‐Kuşcu Gonca
Published: January 2019

Data compilation for Neogene basalts in Anatolia by McNab et al. (, https://doi.or/10.1002/2017GC007251 G‐cubed) is selective and inconsistent, and it would not serve their purpose of showing how Neogene uplift and magmatism of Anatolia are related to processes within the asthenospheric mantle. The authors included not only a fraction of an extensive data set for Neogene basalts but also more evolved compositions other than basalts. Moreover, a compilation of basalt geochemistry data throughout the Anatolia based only on longitudinal division without considering different tectonic units and geodynamic processes is an unrealistic attempt. All these shortcomings result in erroneous interpretations especially for the understanding of the link between Neogene‐Quaternary volcanism and uplift in the Anatolia.
Thermal Weakening of Asperity Tips on Fault Planes at High Sliding Velocities
Authors: Sleep Norman H.
Published: January 2019

Real contacts on the scale of ~10 μm support gigapascal shear tractions and normal tractions on rapidly sliding faults. At sliding velocities above ~0.1 m/s, the asperity tips of the contacts become hot and weak. The macroscopic friction depends on the average strength of the asperity tips during their lifetimes of contact. The strength of the asperity tips does not go essentially to zero once they become weak because frictional heating would then cease and the tips would cool and strengthen. Rather, the contact retains finite strength so that frictional heating balances the heat lost from the asperity tip by conduction. Crudely, the macroscopic coefficient of friction at high sliding velocities decreases with the inverse of the square root of velocity rather than the inverse of the velocity in the widely used model of Rice (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005/JB004006). Numerical thermal‐mechanical models support this inference. The finite strength of the asperity tips retards lateral extrusion of weakened material from the tips. Otherwise, extrusion would allow the sliding surfaces to converge establishing new contacts, which would renew the strength of the surface. The macroscopic coefficient of friction with somewhat weakened asperity tips remains high enough that the fault surface becomes hot on a millimeter scale in large crustal earthquakes. Fluid pressurization and eventually millimeter‐scale melting then reduce the macroscopic shear traction to lower values than does asperity tip weakening acting alone.
Long‐Term Variations in the Lithogenic Susceptibility of Chinese Eolian Deposits Since the Late Pliocene
Authors: Zan Jinbo , Fang Xiaomin , Li Xiaojing , Yan Maodu , Kang Jian
Published: January 2019

In contrast to the extensive investigation of the pedogenic magnetic component, the origin of long‐term variations in the lithogenic susceptibility of Chinese eolian deposits has rarely been investigated. In this study, we conducted a linear correlation analysis of rock magnetic parameters of representative loess‐red clay sections from the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that lithogenic susceptibility of the deposits exhibited three dramatic increases, at ~2.75, 0.6, and 0.13 Ma. We argue that intensive erosion or physical weathering in the NE Tibetan Plateau, induced by late Pliocene global cooling and tectonic uplift, may be responsible for the increases in lithogenic susceptibility over the past 3.6 Ma. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of water‐reworked sediments deviate from the linear regression line for the eolian deposits of the Chinese Loess Plateau, suggesting that regression analysis may provide a rapid method for distinguishing between sediments of eolian and fluvial origin in the region.
Geometry of Geyser Plumbing Inferred From Ground Deformation
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Vera Emilio , Kelly Cyndi , Manga Michael , Munoz‐Saez Carolina , Maksymowicz Andrei , Ortega‐Culaciati Francisco
Published: January 2019

Broadband seismic data were recorded on the ground surface around an exceptionally regular eruptive system, geyser El Jefe, in the El Tatio geyser field, Chile. We identify two stages in the eruption, recharge and discharge, characterized by a radial expansion and contraction, respectively, of the surface around the geyser. We model the deformation with spherical sources that vary in size, location, and pressure, constrained by pressure observations inside the conduit that are highly correlated with deformation signals. We find that in order to fit the data, the subsurface pressure sources must be laterally offset from the geyser vent during the recharge phase and that they must migrate upward toward the vent during the eruption phase. This pattern is consistent with models in which ascending fluids accumulate and then are released from a bubble trap that is horizontally offset from the shallow conduit of the geyser.
A Parameterized Model of X‐Ray Solar Flare Effects on the Lower Ionosphere and HF Propagation
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Sultan Peter J. , Teig Lucien J.
Published: January 2019

We present a parameterized X‐ray solar flare effects model relating the physics of radiation transport to the observable impact of solar flares on low‐altitude ionospheric absorption of High Frequency (HF) signals. Tunable parameters of time‐varying flare spectral energy density and characteristic flare temperature provide a novel capability to simulate HF experiments over a wide range of X‐ray solar flare behavior. Results from our model are consistent with HF propagation data collected over a period of heightened solar flare activity during 5–7 September 2017, including M and X class solar flares. Our predictions and measurements are compared with results from D Region Absorption Prediction (Akmaev et al., 2010, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/drap/DRAP-V-Report1.pdf) and the Wait Very Low Frequency (VLF)‐driven model (Wait & Spies, 1964).
In Search of Life Under the Seafloor
Authors: Fr�h-Green Gretchen , Orcutt Beth
Published: January 2019

A multinational research team drilled into the seafloor to see whether chemical processes in exposed shallow mantle rocks could generate nutrients to support life in the subsurface.
Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities
Authors: Perkins Daniel M. , Perna Andrea , Adrian Rita , Cermeño Pedro , Gaedke Ursula , Huete-Ortega Maria , White Ethan P. , Yvon-Durocher Gabriel
Published: January 2019

The size structure of autotroph communities – the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals – shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.
Avian UV vision enhances leaf surface contrasts in forest environments
Authors: Tedore Cynthia , Nilsson Dan-Eric
Published: January 2019

UV vision is prevalent, but we know little about its utility in common general tasks, as in resolving habitat structure. Here we visualize vegetated habitats using a multispectral camera with channels mimicking bird photoreceptor sensitivities across the UV-visible spectrum. We find that the contrast between upper and lower leaf surfaces is higher in a UV channel than in any visible channel, and that this makes leaf position and orientation stand out clearly. This was unexpected since both leaf surfaces reflect similarly small proportions (1–2%) of incident UV light. The strong UV-contrast can be explained by downwelling light being brighter than upwelling, and leaves transmitting < 0.06% of incident UV light. We also find that mirror-like specular reflections of the sky and overlying canopy, from the waxy leaf cuticle, often dwarf diffuse reflections. Specular reflections shift leaf color, such that maximum leaf-contrast is seen at short UV wavelengths under open canopies, and at long UV wavelengths under closed canopies.
Observation of the 4π-periodic Josephson effect in indium arsenide nanowires
Authors: Laroche Dominique , Bouman Daniël , van Woerkom David J. , Proutski Alex , Murthy Chaitanya , Pikulin Dmitry I. , Nayak Chetan , van Gulik Ruben J. J. , Nygård Jesper , Krogstrup Peter , Kouwenhoven Leo P. , Geresdi Attila
Published: January 2019

Quantum computation by non-Abelian Majorana zero modes (MZMs) offers an approach to achieve fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in the non-local charge parity states of semiconductor nanowire networks in the topological superconductor regime. Thus far, experimental studies of MZMs chiefly relied on single electron tunneling measurements, which lead to the decoherence of the quantum information stored in the MZM. As a next step towards topological quantum computation, charge parity conserving experiments based on the Josephson effect are required, which can also help exclude suggested non-topological origins of the zero bias conductance anomaly. Here we report the direct measurement of the Josephson radiation frequency in indium arsenide nanowires with epitaxial aluminium shells. We observe the 4π-periodic Josephson effect above a magnetic field of ≈200 mT, consistent with the estimated and measured topological phase transition of similar devices.
Permafrost is warming at a global scale
Authors: Biskaborn Boris K. , Smith Sharon L. , Noetzli Jeannette , Matthes Heidrun , Vieira Gonçalo , Streletskiy Dmitry A. , Schoeneich Philippe , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Abramov Andrey , Allard Michel , Boike Julia , Cable William L. , Christiansen Hanne H. , Delaloye Reynald , Diekmann Bernhard , Drozdov Dmitry , Etzelmüller Bernd , Grosse Guido , Guglielmin Mauro , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Isaksen Ketil , Ishikawa Mamoru , Johansson Margareta , Johannsson Halldor , Joo Anseok , Kaverin Dmitry , Kholodov Alexander , Konstantinov Pavel , Kröger Tim , Lambiel Christophe , Lanckman Jean-Pierre , Luo Dongliang , Malkova Galina , Meiklejohn Ian , Moskalenko Natalia , Oliva Marc , Phillips Marcia , Ramos Miguel , Sannel A. Britta K. , Sergeev Dmitrii , Seybold Cathy , Skryabin Pavel , Vasiliev Alexander , Wu Qingbai , Yoshikawa Kenji , Zheleznyak Mikhail , Lantuit Hugues
Published: January 2019

Permafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafrost regions for the period since the International Polar Year (2007–2009). During the reference decade between 2007 and 2016, ground temperature near the depth of zero annual amplitude in the continuous permafrost zone increased by 0.39 ± 0.15 °C. Over the same period, discontinuous permafrost warmed by 0.20 ± 0.10 °C. Permafrost in mountains warmed by 0.19 ± 0.05 °C and in Antarctica by 0.37 ± 0.10 °C. Globally, permafrost temperature increased by 0.29 ± 0.12 °C. The observed trend follows the Arctic amplification of air temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere. In the discontinuous zone, however, ground warming occurred due to increased snow thickness while air temperature remained statistically unchanged.
Topological unification of time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries in non-Hermitian physics
Authors: Kawabata Kohei , Higashikawa Sho , Gong Zongping , Ashida Yuto , Ueda Masahito
Published: January 2019

Topological phases are enriched in non-equilibrium open systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. While several properties unique to non-Hermitian topological systems were uncovered, the fundamental role of symmetry in non-Hermitian physics has yet to be fully understood, and it has remained unclear how symmetry protects non-Hermitian topological phases. Here we show that two fundamental anti-unitary symmetries, time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries, are topologically equivalent in the complex energy plane and hence unified in non-Hermitian physics. A striking consequence of this symmetry unification is the emergence of unique non-equilibrium topological phases that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems. We illustrate this by presenting a non-Hermitian counterpart of the Majorana chain in an insulator with time-reversal symmetry and that of the quantum spin Hall insulator in a superconductor with particle-hole symmetry. Our work establishes a fundamental symmetry principle in non-Hermitian physics and paves the way towards a unified framework for non-equilibrium topological phases.
Chromosome-level assembly of the water buffalo genome surpasses human and goat genomes in sequence contiguity
Authors: Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Bickhart Derek M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Kingan Sarah B. , Swale Thomas , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Murphy Terence D. , Young Rachel , Lefevre Lucas , Hume David A. , Collins Andrew , Ajmone-Marsan Paolo , Smith Timothy P. L. , Williams John L.
Published: January 2019

Rapid innovation in sequencing technologies and improvement in assembly algorithms have enabled the creation of highly contiguous mammalian genomes. Here we report a chromosome-level assembly of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) genome using single-molecule sequencing and chromatin conformation capture data. PacBio Sequel reads, with a mean length of 11.5 kb, helped to resolve repetitive elements and generate sequence contiguity. All five B. bubalis sub-metacentric chromosomes were correctly scaffolded with centromeres spanned. Although the index animal was partly inbred, 58% of the genome was haplotype-phased by FALCON-Unzip. This new reference genome improves the contig N50 of the previous short-read based buffalo assembly more than a thousand-fold and contains only 383 gaps. It surpasses the human and goat references in sequence contiguity and facilitates the annotation of hard to assemble gene clusters such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Influence of free charge carrier density on the magnetic behavior of (Zn,Co)O thin film studied by Field Effect modulation of magnetotransport
Authors: Bellingeri E. , Rusponi S. , Lehnert A. , Brune H. , Nolting F. , Leveratto A. , Plaza A. , Marré D.
Published: January 2019

The origin of (ferro)magnetic ordering in transition metal doped ZnO is a still open question. For applications it is fundamental to establish if it arises from magnetically ordered impurity clusters embedded into the semiconducting matrix or if it originates from ordering of magnetic ions dilute into the host lattice. In this latter case, a reciprocal effect of the magnetic exchange on the charge carriers is expected, offering many possibilities for spintronics applications. In this paper we report on the relationship between magnetic properties and free charge density investigated by using Zinc oxide based field effect transistors, in which the charge carrier density is modulated by more than 4 order of magnitude, from 1016 to 1020 e−/cm3. The magnetotransport properties are employed to probe the magnetic status of the channel both in pure and cobalt doped zinc oxide transistors. We find that it is widely possible to control the magnetic scattering rates by field effect. We believe that this finding is a consequence of the modulation of magnetization and carrier spin polarization by the electric field. The observed effects can be explained by the change in size of bound magnetic polarons that induces a percolation magnetic ordering in the sample.
Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection
Authors: Cheng Long , Motani Ryosuke , Jiang Da-yong , Yan Chun-bo , Tintori Andrea , Rieppel Olivier
Published: January 2019

The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) led to reorganization of marine predatory communities, through introduction of air-breathing top predators, such as marine reptiles. We report two new specimens of one such marine reptile, Eretmorhipis carrolldongi, from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China, revealing superficial convergence with the modern duckbilled platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), a monotreme mammal. Apparent similarities include exceptionally small eyes relative to the body, snout ending with crura with a large internasal space, housing a bone reminiscent of os paradoxum, a mysterious bone of platypus, and external grooves along the crura. The specimens also have a rigid body with triangular bony blades protruding from the back. The small eyes likely played reduced roles during foraging in this animal, as with extant amniotes (group containing mammals and reptiles) with similarly small eyes. Mechanoreceptors on the bill of the animal were probably used for prey detection instead. The specimens represent the oldest record of amniotes with extremely reduced visual capacity, utilizing non-visual cues for prey detection. The discovery reveals that the ecological diversity of marine predators was already high in the late Early Triassic, and challenges the traditional view that the ecological diversification of marine reptiles was delayed following the EPME.
Promoting a highly stable lithium metal anode by superficial alloying with an ultrathin indium sheet
Authors: Sun Bin , Lang Jialiang , Liu Kai , Hussain Naveed , Fang Minghao , Wu Hui
Published: January 2019

A hybrid anode demonstrates an enhanced ionic conductivity and realizes the uniform lithium electrodeposition with dendrite suppression.
Modulating ICT emission: a new strategy to manipulate the CPL sign in chiral emitters
Authors: Jiménez Josué , Moreno Florencio , Maroto Beatriz L. , Cabreros Trevor A. , Huy Angelenia S. , Muller Gilles , Bañuelos Jorge , de la Moya Santiago
Published: January 2019

A new strategy to manipulate the CPL sign is described.
A kinetically persistent isomer found for pentazole: a global potential energy surface survey
Authors: Bo Xiao-xu , Zheng Hai-feng , Xin Jing-fan , Ding Yi-hong
Published: January 2019

After the pentazole with a 103-year-old research history, the second N5R isomer with reasonable kinetic stability was found computationally.
Quercetin dual interaction at the membrane level
Authors: de Granada-Flor António , Sousa Carla , Filipe Hugo A. L. , Santos M. Soledade C. S. , de Almeida Rodrigo F. M.
Published: January 2019

The (de)regulatory effect of quercetin in cholesterol-enriched membrane domains, beyond its antioxidant activity, emerges as an important mode of action.
Teaching an old dog new tricks: new directions in fundamental and applied closo-carborane anion chemistry
Authors: Fisher Steven P. , Tomich Anton W. , Guo Juchen , Lavallo Vincent
Published: January 2019

In this feature article we cover new directions in the fundamental and applied chemistry of the closo-carborane anions [HCB11H11]−1 and [HCB9H9]−1, including energy storage applications, ionic liquids, anionic carborane fused heterocycles/radicals, ligand substituents, and ligands for catalysis and coordination chemistry.
An ultrathin surface-nitrided porous titanium sheet as a current collector-free sulfur host for high-gravimetric-capacity lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhao Hao , Yang Pei , Du Meili , He Wenxiang , Liu Meng , Yan Wuwei , Zhou Liang , Liu Jianguo , Gu Zhengbin , Zou Zhigang
Published: January 2019

A novel cathode structure combines the sulfur host and the current collector together, increasing the sulfur content by over 20%.
Accurate empirical rovibrational energies and transitions of H216O
Authors: Tóbiás Roland , Furtenbacher Tibor , Tennyson Jonathan , Császár Attila G.
Published: January 2019

Several significant improvements are proposed to the computational molecular spectroscopy protocol MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational–Vibrational Energy Levels), facilitating the inversion of a large set of measured rovibrational transitions to energy levels.
Screened hybrid meta-GGA exchange–correlation functionals for extended systems
Authors: Jana Subrata , Samal Prasanjit
Published: January 2019

Screened Hartree–Fock exchange integrated with semilocal exchange–correlation functionals often proficiently predict several solid-state properties.
Stability of metallo-porphyrin networks under oxygen reduction and evolution conditions in alkaline media
Authors: Hötger Diana , Etzkorn Markus , Morchutt Claudius , Wurster Benjamin , Dreiser Jan , Stepanow Sebastian , Grumelli Doris , Gutzler Rico , Kern Klaus
Published: January 2019

Understanding catalyst stability requires real-space insight on the molecular level and complementary spectroscopic characterisation.
O–H and (CO)N–H bond weakening by coordination to Fe(ii)
Authors: Resa Sandra , Millán Alba , Fuentes Noelia , Crovetto Luis , Luisa Marcos M. , Lezama Luis , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Blanco Victor , Campaña Araceli G. , Cárdenas Diego J. , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: January 2019

Coordination of hydroxyl/amide groups to Fe(ii) diminishes BDFEs of O–H and (CO)N–H bonds down to 76.0 and 80.5 kcal mol−1 respectively.
A non-symmetric sulfur-basedO,C,O-chelating pincer ligand leading to chiral germylene and stannylene
Authors: Deak Noemi , Thillaye du Boullay Olivier , Moraru Ionut-Tudor , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Madec David , Nemes Gabriela
Published: January 2019

New chiral heteroleptic germanium(ii) and tin(ii) metallylenes were obtained using 1-(para-tolylsulfinyl)-3-tosyl-5-tert-butyl-benzene as a non-symmetricO,C,O-chelating pincer ligand.
A flexible rechargeable aqueous zinc manganese-dioxide battery working at −20 °C
Authors: Mo Funian , Liang Guojin , Meng Qiangqiang , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Hongfei , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we propose the design of a family of hydrogel electrolytes that featuring freezing resistance, flexibility, safety, superior ionic conductivity and long-term stability to realize anti-freezing flexible aqueous batteries.
Structural analysis of heavy oil fractions after hydrodenitrogenation by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Le Maître Johann , Hubert-Roux Marie , Paupy Benoît , Marceau Sabrina , Rüger Christopher P. , Afonso Carlos , Giusti Pierre
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize compounds that are refractory to the hydrodenitrogenation process.
Polysaccharides from fermented Momordica charantia ameliorate obesity in high-fat induced obese rats
Authors: Wen Jia-Jia , Gao He , Hu Jie-Lun , Nie Qi-Xing , Chen Hai-Hong , Xiong Tao , Nie Shao-Ping , Xie Ming-Yong
Published: January 2019

Momordica charantia (M. charantia) has been widely used to treat obesity due to its bioactive ingredients.
Au@zirconium-phosphonate nanoparticles as an effective catalytic system for the chemoselective and switchable reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Ferlin Francesco , Cappelletti Matteo , Vivani Riccardo , Pica Monica , Piermatti Oriana , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: January 2019

Zirconium phosphate bearing aminoethyl groups on the layer surface, ZP(AEP), was used to immobilize AuNPs. The gold-based catalyst proved its high efficiency for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes under both batch and flow conditions by using NaBH4 as a reducing agent.
Cancer marker-free enrichment and direct mutation detection in rare cancer cells by combining multi-property isolation and microfluidic concentration
Authors: Kim Soo Hyeon , Ito Hiroshi , Kozuka Masahiro , Takagi Hidenori , Hirai Mitsuharu , Fujii Teruo
Published: January 2019

We present a novel cancer marker-free CTC enrichment method by size-based filtration and immunomagnetic negative selection followed by dielectrophoretic concentration for direct detection of genetic mutations in rare cancer cells suspended in whole blood.
Prospective treatment of Parkinson's disease by a siRNA–LDH nanoconjugate
Authors: Acharya Rituparna , Chakraborty Monisha , Chakraborty Jui
Published: January 2019

51.55% cellular internalization of an α-syn siRNA–LDH nanoconjugate was corroborated through confocal imaging.
A tripodal supramolecular sensor to successively detect picric acid and CN− through guest competitive controlled AIE
Authors: Lin Qi , Guan Xiao-Wen , Fan Yan-Qing , Wang Jiao , Liu Lu , Liu Juan , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: January 2019

Herein, we report a simple and efficient method for the selective and sensitive detection of picric acid (PA) and CN−via a novel guest competitive controlled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism based on a tris-naphthalimide derivative TG.
1IL and 3MLCT excited states modulated by H+: the structure and photophysical properties of [(2-bromo-5-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine)Re(CO)3Br]
Authors: Pizarro Nancy , Saldías Marianela , Guzmán Nicolás , Sandoval-Altamirano Catalina , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Hamon Jean-René , Vega Andrés
Published: January 2019

The photophysical characterization of pyrazolyl–pyrazine Re(i) complex, shows a 1IL and 3MLCT excited states, being just the 3MLCT able to react with trifluoroacetic acid to yield the protonated and long-lived 3ILH+ species. These findings make the compound a potential sensor for protons in solution in the presence of light.
Theoretical characterization of hexagonal 2D Be3N2 monolayers
Authors: Ullah Saif , Denis Pablo A. , Capaz Rodrigo B. , Sato Fernando
Published: January 2019

With the help of DFT calculations, a possible synthesis method for monolayer Be3N2 is proposed. Furthermore, its excellent thermal, dynamical, and mechanical stability makes it a material of comparable caliber to that of graphene.
Grafting of terbium(iii) complexes onto layered rare-earth hydroxide nanosheets to fabricate novel optical fiber temperature sensors
Authors: Zhu Qi , Li Siyuan , Wang Qi , Qi Yang , Li Xiaodong , Sun Xudong , Li Ji-Guang
Published: January 2019

An optical fiber-based temperature sensor is developed by grafting Tb(iii) complexes onto exfoliated LRH nanosheets.
Efficient synthesis of chiral β-hydroxy sulfones via iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation
Authors: Tao Lin , Yin Congcong , Dong Xiu-Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: January 2019

A highly efficient Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral β-keto sulfones was successfully developed, affording a series of chiral β-hydroxy sulfones with excellent results (up to >99% conversion, 99% yield, >99% ee, and 20 000 TON).
A Diels–Alder reaction between cyanates and cyclopentadienone-derivatives – a new class of crosslinkable oligomers
Authors: Grätz S. , Komber H. , Bauer M. , Voit B.
Published: January 2019

A Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadienones and cyanates yields thermally crosslinkable oligomers, which combine high thermal resistance and high refractive indices.
Sacrificial template induced interconnected bubble-like N-doped carbon nanofoam as a pH-universal electrocatalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Mengran , He Xuan , Fang Jing , Hu Langtao , Huang Hui , Liu Zhiyong , Lai Yanqing , Liu Yexiang , Zhang Jiujun
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a controllable and scalable method to synthesize porous N-doped carbon nano-foams with pH-universal ORR activity is presented.
Interface-governed nanometric machining behaviour of Cu/Ag bilayers using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Fang Qihong , Tian Yuanyuan , Li Jia , Wang Qiong , Wu Hong
Published: January 2019

The nanometric machining of Cu/Ag bilayers and pure Cu film is performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Chemical profiling and total quality assessment of Isodon japonica using data-independent acquisition mode combined with superimposed multiple product ion UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and chemometric analysis
Authors: Jin Yiran , Tian Tingting , Ma Yinghua , Hou Ludan , Guan Shuai , Sun Wenjing , Du Yingfeng , Zhang Lantong
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a combined analytical strategy was developed and aimed at rapid characterization and quantitation of ent-kaurane diterpenoids in Isodon japonica using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.
Hierarchical structured Mn2O3 nanomaterials with excellent electrochemical properties for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Meng Su , Yan Wenchao , Ma Xiaodi , Sun Deye , Jin Yongcheng , He Kuang
Published: January 2019

A series of Mn2O3 nanomaterials with hierarchical porous structures was synthesized using three types of leaves as templates.
Co-culture of the fungusFusarium tricinctumwithStreptomyces lividansinduces production of cryptic naphthoquinone dimers
Authors: Moussa Mariam , Ebrahim Weaam , Bonus Michele , Gohlke Holger , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Hartmann Rudolf , Kalscheuer Rainer , Lin Wenhan , Liu Zhen , Proksch Peter
Published: January 2019

Naphthoquinone dimers from co-culture ofFusarium tricinctumwithStreptomyces lividans.
Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/Cu(ii): a bio-based and magnetically recoverable nano-catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Safajoo Nasrin , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemah , Bamoniri Abdolhamid
Published: January 2019

Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/Cu(ii) as a green bio-based magnetic catalyst are prepared, characterized and applied for synthesis of 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles with good to excellent yields.
Unveiling the helicity switching mechanism of a rigid two-tiered stacked architecture
Authors: Liu Peng , Duan Yafei , Bian Xihui , Tan Xiaoyao
Published: January 2019

The conformational switching process of a rigid two-tiered stacked architecture has been revealed at the atomic level with the aid of molecular dynamic simulations and free-energy calculations.
Synthesis of ternary oxide Zn2GeO4 nanowire networks and their deep ultraviolet detection properties
Authors: Han Xu , Feng Shuanglong , Zhao Yiming , Li Lei , Zhan Zhaoyao , Tao Zhiyong , Fan Yaxian , Lu Wenqiang , Zuo Wenbin , Fu Dejun
Published: January 2019

Ternary oxide Zn2GeO4 with a wide bandgap of 4.84 eV, as a candidate for fourth generation semiconductors, has attracted lots of attention for deep UV photodetector applications, as it is blind to the UV-A/B band and only responds to the UV-C band.
Elastohydrodynamic lubricant flow with nanoparticle tracking
Authors: Jeffreys S. , di Mare L. , Liu X. , Morgan N. , Wong J. S. S.
Published: January 2019

Lubricants operating in elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts exhibit local variations in rheological properties when the contact pressure rises.
Effect of nanoclay orientation on oxygen barrier properties of LbL nanocomposite coated films
Authors: Ben Dhieb Fatma , Dil Ebrahim Jalali , Tabatabaei Seyyed H. , Mighri Frej , Ajji Abdellah
Published: January 2019

Quantify clay orientation in a layer by layer deposited films. Demonstrate the importance of interfacial region in a high clay loading nanocomposite film, in decreasing permeability.
B, N-dual doped sisal-based multiscale porous carbon for high-rate supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Heng , Yuan Wenyu , Zhao Yingxin , Han Daoyang , Yuan Xiaowen , Cheng Laifei
Published: January 2019

B, N dual-doped sisal-based activated carbon (BN-SAC) with a multiscale porous structure for high-rate supercapacitor electrode was prepared through a novel and facile strategy.
Photooxidation of triarylphosphines under aerobic conditions in the presence of a gold(iii) complex on cellulose extracted from Carthamus tinctorius immobilized on nanofibrous phosphosilicate
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen , Zhiani Rahele
Published: January 2019

Triarylphosphines were converted to the corresponding oxides via photooxidation as a novel method.
The modification mechanism and the effect of magnesium chloride on poly(vinyl alcohol) films
Authors: Du Wenhao , Jiang Li , Shi Mengke , Yang Zhaojie , Zhang Xi
Published: January 2019

MgCl2 could crosslink with PVA to increase the strength and rigidity of PVA, while water could decrease the interaction.
Multi-scale instrumental analyses of plasticized polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) and the effects of crosslinkers and graft copolymers
Authors: Nishida Masakazu , Tanaka Tomoko , Hayakawa Yoshio , Ogura Takashi , Ito Yoshiaki , Nishida Masahiro
Published: January 2019

Multi-scale instrumental analyses showed that the crosslinker changed the morphology to homogenous while the graft polymer increased molecular mobility.
Silver(i) pyridylphosphonates – synthesis, structure, stability and light-insensitivity investigation
Authors: Rendošová Michaela , Gyepes Róbert , Almáši Miroslav , Bártová Ingrida , Vargová Zuzana
Published: January 2019

Two silver(i) complexes, {[Ag7(2-pypo)3(NO3)]}n (1) and [Ag(3-pypoH)(3-pypoH2)] (2) (pypoH2 – pyridylphosphonic acid) were prepared and characterized by relevant methods in the solid state and were tested toward reduction to silver(0).
Destabilization of amyloid fibrils on interaction with MoS2-based nanomaterials
Authors: Mudedla Sathish Kumar , Murugan Natarajan Arul , Subramanian Venkatesan , Agren Hans
Published: January 2019

The present work computationally establishes that the structure and energetics of fibril-like biomacromolecules can be modulated by confining them on the MoS2based nanomaterials.
A new bifunctional heterogeneous nanocatalyst for one-pot reduction-Schiff base condensation and reduction–carbonylation of nitroarenes
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Chahkamali Farhad Omarzehi , Sansano José Miguel
Published: January 2019

This paper presents synthesis of Pd–NHC-γ-Fe2O3-n-butyl-SO3H and its activity as bifunctional heterogeneous nanocatalyst containing Pd–NHC and acidic functional groups.
Investigations on non-classical silylium ions leading to a cyclobutenyl cation
Authors: Martens Arthur , Kreuzer Marvin , Ripp Alexander , Schneider Marius , Himmel Daniel , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo
Published: January 2019

The formation of simple non-classical silylium ions from [Me3Si]+ sources and alkenes or alkynes was investigated, but mainly oligomerization was observed. Yet, the reaction with MeCCMe led to a room temperature stable cyclobutenyl cation. DFT calculations suggest that a non-classical silylium ion intermediate was formed on the way to this product.
Limiting shapes of confined lipid vesicles
Authors: Kavčič B. , Sakashita A. , Noguchi H. , Ziherl P.
Published: January 2019

We propose a model of severely confined vesicles which may be used to interpret the structure of some cell organelles.
Extremely high tensile strength and superior thermal conductivity of an sp3-hybridized superhard C24 fullerene crystal
Authors: Cai Yingxiang , Kang Shuangyu , Xu Xuechun
Published: January 2019

Extremely high tensile strength and superior thermal conductivity of a superhard C24 fullerene crystal.
Multilayered hierarchical polymer composites for high energydensity capacitors
Authors: Wang Yifei , Chen Jie , Li Yi , Niu Yujuan , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: January 2019

Recent progress in multilayered hierarchical polymer composites for advanced dielectric energy storage are reviewed.
Transparent antismudge coatings with thermally assisted healing ability
Authors: Xu Fuchang , Li Xiang , Weng Dehui , Li Yang , Sun Junqi
Published: January 2019

Transparent antismudge coatings capable of repetitively healing their damaged antismudge ability and transparency caused by oxidation or cutting/scratching are fabricated.
Photochromic and super anti-wetting coatings based on natural nanoclays
Authors: Dong Jie , Zhang Junping
Published: January 2019

Photochromic and super anti-wetting coatings with self-cleaning properties and high stability are prepared, making them superior to conventional photochromic materials.
Understanding hydrogelation processes through molecular dynamics
Authors: Alegre-Requena Juan V. , Saldías César , Inostroza-Rivera Ricardo , Díaz Díaz David
Published: January 2019

Molecular dynamics (MD) is currently one of the preferred techniques employed to understand hydrogelation processes for its ability to include large amounts of atoms in computational calculations, since substantial amounts of solvent molecules are involved in gel formation.
Relationship between molecular structures of uniquely designed C2-symmetric axially chiral dopants and their helical twisting properties in cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Yoshizawa Daisuke , Higuchi Hiroki , Okumura Yasushi , Kikuchi Hirotsugu
Published: January 2019

9,9′-biphenanthrene-type chiral dopants were newly synthesized for the development of functional liquid crystal (LC) materials with enhanced properties. A cholesteric LC (CLC) with a chiral dopant showed positive temperature dependence of helical twisting power and a CLC with temperature independence was developed by mixing two types of chiral dopants.
Influence of backbone modification of difluoroquinoxaline-based copolymers on the interchain packing, blend morphology and photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Kim Minseok , Wu Ziang , Lee Changyeon , Lee Young Woong , Lee Jin-Woo , Lee Young Jun , Wang Ergang , Kim Bumjoon J. , Woo Han Young
Published: January 2019

The impact of the crystalline orientation of donor and acceptor molecules on the photovoltaic properties with modification of polymer backbone structures.