bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of reference intervals for immunoassay analytes of adult population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Borai Anwar , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Masaud Abdulaziz , Tamimi Waleed , Bahijri Suhad , Armbuster David , Kawano Reo , Baarmah Ziad , Joatar Faris , Almohammadi Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Background

This is a second part of report on the IFCC global multicenter study conducted in Saudi Arabia to derive reference intervals (RIs) for 20 immunoassay analytes including five tumor makers, five reproductive, seven other hormones and three vitamins.

Methods

A total of 826 apparently healthy individuals aged ≥18 years were recruited in three clinical laboratories located in western, central and eastern Saudi Arabia using the protocol specified for the global study. All serum specimens were measured using Abbott, Architect analyzers. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was performed to explore sources of variation of each analyte: age, body mass index (BMI), physical exercise and smoking. The magnitude of variation of reference values (RVs) attributable to sex, age and region was calculated by ANOVA as a standard deviation ratio (SDR). RIs were derived by the parametric (P) method.

Results

MRA revealed that region, smoking and exercise were not relevant sources of variation for any analyte. Based on SDR and actual between-sex differences in upper limits (ULs), we chose to partition RIs by sex for all analytes except for α-fetoprotein and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Age-specific RIs were required in females for ferritin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follitropin, luteotropin and prolactin (PRL). With prominent BMI-related increase, RIs for insulin and C-peptide were derived after excluding individuals with BMI > 32 kg/m2. Individuals taking vitamin D supplements were excluded in deriving RIs for vitamin D and PTH.

Conclusions

RIs of major immunoassay analytes specific for Saudi Arabians were established in careful consideration of various biological sources of variation.
Syntactico-semantic realizations of pronouns in the English transitive construction: A corpus-based analysis
Authors: Hwang Haerim
Published: March 2020

Pronouns serve as early linguistic cues for the acquisition of the English transitive construction (TC), but previous research has been limited to first language (L1) settings. This study focuses on TC input in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context, investigating syntactico-semantic differences in realizations of TC arguments, particularly pronouns, between L1 parental input and Korean EFL input. To this end, four corpora were created by collecting spoken data from L1-English parents talking to their children, L1-Korean EFL teachers, L1-English EFL teachers, and auditory EFL textbooks. From these corpora, transitive clauses were extracted so that their arguments could be categorized. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses (preceded by principal component analyses) showed that in the realization of TC arguments, Korean EFL input differs syntactically and semantically from L1-English parental input, both for the subjects and objects of TCs. The syntactic difference was particularly pronounced for objects, where fewer pronouns were observed in the EFL input than in the L1-English parental input. Semantically, co-occurrence regularities between transitive verbs and arguments were identified only in the L1-English input and not in the EFL input. Pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.
Individuality in syntactic variation: An investigation of the seventeenth-century gerund alternation
Authors: Fonteyn Lauren , Nini Andrea
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the extent to which there is individuality in how structural variation is conditioned over time. Earlier research already classified the diachronically unstable gerund variation as involving a high fraction of mixed-usage speakers throughout the change, whereby the proportion of the conservative variant versus the progressive variant as observable in the linguistic output of individual language users superficially resembles the mean proportion as observable at the population level. However, this study sets out to show that there can still be heterogeneity within such a centralized population in terms of how each individual conditions the observed variation. A random forest and conditional inference tree analysis of over 14,000 gerunds uttered by nineteen seventeenth-century authors is presented to show that, while the most important language-internal factors conditioning the gerund variation are adopted by (and shared between) all authors, we can still attest inter-individual variation (i) at lower levels of variable importance, and (ii) in the breadth of the range of contexts individual authors employ to condition the attested variation.
Venture Support Organizations – Lighting a Path for Entrepreneurship in South Africa?
Authors: Swartz Ethné , Marks Jonathan T. , Scheepers Caren
Published: March 2020

The papers in this special issue explore the rapid growth of venture development organizations globally. A consistent theme that runs throughout the contributions is that, while ecosystem development is necessary everywhere to enhance the economic impact of entrepreneurship, in emerging economies, contextualization is critical. Countries have idiosyncratic histories and development trajectories. Myriad stakeholders participate and shape local ecosystems. To illustrate, this introduction provides an overview of some key venture development initiatives in South Africa, and we consider how venture development organizations, particularly those based at academic institutions, could contribute to the development of the country’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. We provide suggestions for policy initiatives and academic research.
Optimized Dynamic Operation of Fixed-Speed Wind Farms Using Classical and Advanced Controllers
Authors: Omar Othman A. , Badra Niveen M. , Attia Mahmoud A. , Gad Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Electric power systems are allowing higher penetration levels of renewable energy resources, mainly due to their environmental benefits. The majority of electrical energy generated by renewable energy resources is contributed by wind farms. However, the stochastic nature of these resources does not allow the installed generation capacities to be entirely utilized. In this context, this paper attempts to improve the performance of fixed-speed wind turbines. Turbines of this type have been already installed in some classical wind farms and it is not feasible to replace them with variable-speed ones before their lifetime ends. A fixed-speed turbine is typically connected to the electric grid with a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) across its terminal. For a better dynamic voltage response, the controller gains of a Proportional-Integral (PI) voltage regulator within the SVC will be tuned using a variety of optimization techniques to minimize the integrated square of error for the wind farm terminal voltage. Similarly, the controller gains of the turbine’s pitch angle may be tuned to enhance its dynamic output power performance. Simulation results, in this paper, show that the pitch angle controller causes a significant minimization in the integrated square of error for the wind farm output power. Finally, an advanced Proportional-Integral-Acceleration (PIA) voltage regulator controller has been proposed for the SVC. When the PIA control gains are optimized, they result in a better performance than the classical PI controller.
Scaling up network centrality computations – A brief overview
Authors: van der Grinten Alexander , Angriman Eugenio , Meyerhenke Henning
Published: March 2020

Network science methodology is increasingly applied to a large variety of real-world phenomena, often leading to big network data sets. Thus, networks (or graphs) with millions or billions of edges are more and more common. To process and analyze these data, we need appropriate graph processing systems and fast algorithms. Yet, many analysis algorithms were pioneered on small networks when speed was not the highest concern. Developing an analysis toolkit for large-scale networks thus often requires faster variants, both from an algorithmic and an implementation perspective. In this paper we focus on computational aspects of vertex centrality measures. Such measures indicate the (relative) importance of a vertex based on the position of the vertex in the network. We describe several common (and some recent and thus less established) measures, optimization problems in their context as well as algorithms for an efficient solution of the raised problems. Our focus is on (not necessarily exact) performance-oriented algorithmic techniques that enable significantly faster processing than the previous state of the art – often allowing to process massive data sets quickly and without resorting to distributed graph processing systems.
Rescue role of hesperidin in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced toxicity in the brain, ovary and uterus of wistar rats
Authors: Abolaji Amos O. , Omozokpia Marvis U. , Oluwamuyide Olajide J. , Akintola Temidayo E. , Farombi Ebenezer O.
Published: March 2020

Background

The ovotoxicity of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) has been established in several experimental models. Hesperidin (HSD) is a bi-flavonoid found in citrus fruits and has been reported to be a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Here, we have evaluated the rescue role of hesperidin on VCD-induced toxicity in the brain, ovary, and uterus of rats.

Methods

Six groups of rats containing ten rats in each group were orally given corn oil (control), hesperidin (100 mg/kg), hesperidin (200 mg/kg), VCD (250 mg/kg), VCD [(250 mg/kg)+hesperidin (100 mg/kg)] and VCD [(250 mg/kg)+hesperidin (200 mg/kg)] once a day for 30 days, respectively. Thereafter, we determined the selected biomarkers of oxidative damage, inflammation, endocrine balance, and histology of the reproductive organs.

Results

The data showed that hesperidin rescued VCD-induced increase in oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) and inflammatory (nitric oxide) biomarkers. In addition, hesperidin restored the reduction in antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase) activities and glutathione level in the brain, ovary, and uterus of rats (p<0.05). Lastly, hesperidin preserved the histological structure of the ovary and uterus of rats exposed to VCD.

Conclusions

Overall, the rescue role of hesperidin on VCD-induced toxicity in the brain and reproductive organs of female rats may be due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Allium cepafraction attenuates STZ-induced dementia via cholinesterase inhibition and amelioration of oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Randhawa Kudrat , Kaur Sanimardeep , Shri Richa
Published: March 2020

Background

An earlier study demonstrated significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydromethanol extract (HME) ofAllium cepa. The aim of the study was to investigate the component responsible for these activities followed by anin vivostudy.

Methods

In vitroantioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of standardized ethylacetate fraction (EAF) of HME were assessed. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that, as compared with its subfractions, EAF had most significant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ellman assays. Thus, EAF was further examined using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of Alzheimer’s disease in mice. STZ was injected intracerebroventricularly on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg) in mice. EAF was thereafter administered (42, 84, and 168 mg/kg b.w./day p.o.) from days 9 to 22. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory in mice. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers were assessed in the brain homogenates of mice. Additionally, histopathological studies were performed to observe effects in the brain at the cellular level. EAF was standardized based on quercetin and quercetin 4′-O-glucoside content using a validated thin layer chromatography densitometric method.

Results

STZ produced significant (p < 0.05) memory impairment along with oxidative stress and a cholinergic deficit in mice. EAF treatment ameliorated STZ-induced behavioral deficits and biochemical alterations in mice in a significant and dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions

Our results show that EAF is efficacious in improving memory and learning via AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity in the mice brain. Thus, AC could be explored further to find out a lead candidate for Alzheimer’s disease.
Mass Surveillance: A Private Affair?
Authors: Macnish Kevin
Published: March 2020

Mass surveillance is a more real threat now than at any time in history. Digital communications and automated systems allow for the collection and processing of private information at a scale never seen before. Many argue that mass surveillance entails a significant loss of privacy. Others dispute that there is a loss of privacy if the information is only encountered by automated systems.

This paper argues that automated mass surveillance does not involve a significant loss of privacy. Through providing a definition of informational privacy as a matter of actual access of private information by one who can understand the meaning of that information, it follows that automated systems which lack understanding cannot of themselves diminish privacy. This is not to say that mass surveillance is unproblematic, though: it is deeply problematic. It is just that privacy is not the most significant of these problems.
Large area metasurfaces made with spherical silicon resonators
Authors: Molet Pau , Gil-Herrera Luz Karimé , Garcia-Pomar Juan Luis , Caselli Niccolò , Blanco Álvaro , López Cefe , Mihi Agustín
Published: March 2020

High-index dielectric nanostructures have emerged as an appealing complement to plasmonic nanostructures, offering similar light management capabilities at the nanoscale but free from the inherent optical losses. Despite the great interest in these all-dielectric architectures, their fabrication still requires cumbersome fabrication techniques that limit their implementation in many applications. Hence, the great interest in alternative scalable procedures. Among those, the fabrication of silicon spheres is at the forefront, with several routes available in the literature. However, the exploitation of the Mie modes sustained by these silicon resonators is limited over large areas by polydispersity or a lack of long-range order. Here, we present an all-dielectric metamaterial fabricated with a low cost and highly scalable technique: a combination of soft imprinting nanolithography and chemical vapor deposition. The resulting all-dielectric metasurface is composed of an array of silicon hemispheres on top of a high refractive index dielectric substrate. This architecture allows the exploitation of high-quality Mie resonances at a large scale due to the high monodispersity of the hemispheres organized in a single crystal two-dimensional lattice. The optical response of the metasurface can be engineered by the design parameters of the nanoimprinted structure. We further demonstrate the potential of this platform to enhance light emission by coupling dye molecules to the sustained Mie resonances and measuring both an eight-fold amplified signal and a triple lifetime reduction.
The crystal structure of bis(N-oxy-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) acetamide κ2
O,O′)-diaqua-zinc(II), C6H12ZnN10O6
Authors: Wang Hui , Xiao Zi-Jing
Published: March 2020

[Zn(C3H4N5O2)2(H2O)2], orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 19.6175(12) Å, b = 7.2887(5) Å, c = 9.3499(6) Å, V = 1336.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0276, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0605, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of dichlorobis(2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2′,4′,6′-tri-i-propyl-1,1′-biphenyl) palladium(II)-dichloroform, C68H100Cl8P2Pd
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: March 2020

C68H100Cl8P2Pd, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6961(4) Å, b = 13.6069(6) Å, c = 15.1642(5) Å, α = 88.456(3)°, β = 72.251(3)°, γ = 72.376(4)°, V = 1811.64(12) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0483, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1332, T = 291 K.
Law and Economics as We Grow Younger
Authors: Parisi Francesco
Published: March 2020

The European Association of Law and Economics grants a biennial Lifetime Achievement Award and Honorary Membership to a scholar “for his or her significant contributions to the field of Law and Economics, in particular to the development of this scientific movement in Europe.” This paper is the award lecture delivered by Professor Francesco Parisi at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Law and Economics, held at Tel-Aviv University on September, 19, 2019.
Physical, Biochemical, and Neuromuscular Responses to Repeated Sprint Exercise in Eumenorrheic Female Handball Players: Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phases
Authors: Graja Ahmed , Kacem Maissa , Hammouda Omar , Borji Rihab , Bouzid Mohamed A. , Souissi Nizar , Rebai Haithem
Published: March 2020

Graja, A, Kacem, M, Hammouda, O, Borji, R, Bouzid, MA, Souissi, N, and Rebai, H. Physical, biochemical, and neuromuscular responses to repeated sprint exercise in eumenorrheic female handball players: effect of menstrual cycle phases. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2268–2276, 2022—Very few studies have been interested in the relationship between ovarian hormones and physiological function in female athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of menstrual phases (MP) on physical, neuromuscular, and biochemical responses after repeated sprint exercise (RSE) in female handball players. Ten eumenorrheic athletes (22.5 ± 1.5 years, 1.70 ± 0.04 m) participated in 3 study visits (follicular phase [FP], luteal phase [LP], and premenstrual phase [PMP]). During each MP, they performed 20 × 5-second cycle sprints interspersed with 25 seconds of rest. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests of the knee extensor muscles at 90° of knee flexion were performed before and after RSE. Peak force and electromyography (EMG) signals were measured during the MVC tests. Blood samples were collected before and 3 minutes after each session. The percentage of decrement in peak power output over the 20 × 5-second cycle test (i.e., fatigue index) calculated between sprints 1 and 20 decreased significantly during PMP (−43.3% ± 5.7%) but not in LP (−39.2% ± 7.7%) compared with FP (−32.44% ± 6.3%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found between MP in all frequency components of EMG before RSE (p > 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction, neuromuscular efficiency, and median frequency values of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were significantly decreased in PMP compared with FP and LP (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly higher in PMP compared with FP and LP after RSE (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RSE induces more peripheral fatigue associated with muscle damage in PMP. This might be attributable to hormonal variation across MP. Therefore, FP seems to be the right time for intense training to improve strength performance.
The Problem with Players
Authors: Gibbons William
Published: March 2020

William Gibbons responds to Jonathan Godsall's review of Unlimited Replays: Video Games and Classical Music.
GABPA-dependent down-regulation of DICER1 in follicular thyroid tumours
Authors: Paulsson Johan O , Wang Na , Gao Jiwei , Stenman Adam , Zedenius Jan , Mu Ninni , Lui Weng-Onn , Larsson Catharina , Juhlin C Christofer
Published: March 2020

Mutations in the miRNA enzyme gene DICER1 have been reported in several endocrine malignancies and is associated with the rare tumour-predisposing DICER1 syndrome. DICER1 mutations have been reported in subsets of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), but the role of DICER1 in follicular thyroid tumorigenesis has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigate the role of DICER1 in 168 follicular thyroid tumours and in an FTC cell line. We found rare DICER1 mutations in paediatric FTC cases and a general DICER1 down-regulation in FTCs visualized both on mRNA and protein level, especially pronounced in Hürthle cell carcinoma (HuCC). The down-regulation was also evident in follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs), suggesting a potential early step in tumorigenesis. The expression of DICER1 was lower in FTCs of older patients in which TERT promoter mutations are more frequent. In FTCs, DICER1 down-regulation was not caused by gene copy number loss but significantly correlated to expression of the transcription factor GABPA in clinical cases. GABPA was found to bind to the DICER1 promoter and regulate DICER1 expression in vitro, as GABPA depletion in FTC cell lines reduced DICER1 expression. This in turn stimulated cell proliferation and affected the miRNA machinery, evident by altered miRNA expression. To conclude, we show that GABPA directly regulates DICER1 in FTC, acting as a tumour suppressor and displaying down-regulation in clinical samples. We also show reduced expression of DICER1 in benign and malignant follicular thyroid tumours, suggesting a potentially early tumorigenic role of this gene aberrancy.
Genetic profile of advanced thyroid cancers in relation to distant metastasis
Authors: Song Eyun , Song Dong Eun , Ahn Jonghwa , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Won Gu
Published: March 2020

Major clinical challenges exist with differentiated thyroid cancers with distant metastases or rare but aggressive types, such as poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. The precise characterization of the mutational profile in these advanced thyroid cancers is crucial. Samples were collected from primary tumors and distant metastases of 64 patients with distant metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed with 50 known thyroid-cancer-related genes. Of the 82 tissues, 63 were from primary tumors and 19 from distant metastases. The most prevalent mutation observed from the primary tumors was TERT promoter mutation (56%), followed by BRAF (41%) and RAS (24%) mutations. TP3 was altered by 11%. Mutations in histone methyltransferases, SWI/SNF subunit–related genes, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related genes were present in 42%, 12%, and 22%, respectively. When the mutational status was analyzed in 15 matched pairs of thyroid tumors and their matched distant metastases and one pair of distant metastases with two distinct sites, the concordance was high. A similar frequency of mutations in TERT promoter (58%) and BRAF (42%) as well as histone methyltransferases (37%), SWI/SNF subunits (10%), and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (26%) were noted. The same main, early and late mutations were practically always present in individual primary tumor–metastasis pairs. Enrichment of TERT promoter, BRAF, and RAS mutations were detected in highly advanced thyroid cancers with distant metastasis. The genetic profiles of primary thyroid tumors and their corresponding distant metastases showed a high concordance.
The Efficacy and Safety of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Cardiac Arrhythmias in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Xinxing Su , Jie Zhou , Lu Zhou , He Bing
Published: March 2020

Background: We aimed to evaluate the acute and long-term efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in Chinese pediatric patients with arrhythmias.
Methods: We gathered clinical data from pediatric patients who underwent RFCA in several large medical centers in China between 2000 and 2019.
Results: A total of 4,622 different substrates in 4,622 patients were ablated, with the majority consisting of supraventricular tachycardia (N = 3,831, 82.9%) and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) (N = 791, 17.1%). The majority of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) consists of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) (N = 2,492, 65.0%) and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) (N = 1,075, 28.1%). The accessory pathway location was left-sided in 1,237(49.7%) and right-sided in 1,251(50.3%) of the 2,488 pathways. The VAs consist of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (N = 597, 75.5%) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) (N = 194, 24.5%). The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 month to 1 year. The overall acute/long-term success rate of RFCA was 96.4%/92.2%, AVRT 97.8%/93.5%, AVRT 99.3%/95.0, PVC 98.1%/92.2%, and VT 81.3%/75.2%. Serious complications occurred in 29 patients (0.6%).
Conclusions: This present study shows that RFCA is effective and safe in the treatment of arrhythmias in Chinese pediatric patients, with a high success rate exceeding 90%, low recurrence rate, and significantly reduces the risk of complications. The success rate of left-sided pathway ablation is slightly higher than that of the right-sided pathway. There is no difference in the success rate of RFCA among children of different ages. It could be the first-line therapy in the majority of pediatric patients with SVT and/or VAs.
Fifteen Years Post Aortic Root Reconstruction of a Giant Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Al-Ebrahim Khaled E.
Published: March 2020

This is a report of successful repair of a huge ascending aortic aneurysm of 13cm; it is the biggest aneurysm ever reported. Aortic root replacement using a composite graft and coronary implantation was done. There was dramatic improvement in ejection fraction and renal function post repair. This patient has been followed up on for 15 years with no complications and leads a relatively normal life.
ПРИЧИНИ І НАСЛІДКИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ДІДКІВСЬКА Леся
Published: March 2020

В умовах формування економіки знань ХХІ ст. людський інтелект, освітній потенціал стають капіталом, що визначає цінності та багатство суспільства. Тому сучасні тенденції активізації «відпливу мізків» з України є найгострішим викликом для держави, вони загрожують економічній безпеці країни, позбавляють її потенціалу для сталого економічного розвитку. З огляду на це необхідно виявити чинники і тенденції інтелектуальної міграції в Україні, обґрунтувати пропозиції щодо розробки ефективної міграційної політики держави. Дослідження показало, що еміграції українських інтелектуалів сприяють не тільки кризові політичні та економічні чинники всередині країни, але й багаторічна політика вимивання вітчизняної еліти іншими державами. І якщо у короткостроковій перспективі інтелектуальна міграція має навіть позитивні наслідки (покращення добробуту українських родин за рахунок грошових переказів з-за кордону, скорочення безробіття, надходження іноземної валюти в державу, залучення вітчизняних учених і висококваліфікованих працівників до міжнародних проектів, поширення інформації про країну походження у світі, посилення її авторитету завдяки активній громадській роботі діаспор), то у довгостроковій перспективі вона породжує низку проблем (поглиблюється демографічна криза, зростає дефіцит кваліфікованих спеціалістів, перспективної здібної молоді, посилюється фіскальне навантаження на працездатне населення та погіршується якість соціальних програм, втрачаються можливості для впровадження інновацій та високих технологій у виробництво, здатність до економічного зростання). З метою збереження та примноження інтелектуального потенціалу України необхідно розробити і запровадити зважену превентивну державну міграційну політику, що передбачає інноваційний розвиток України, реформування вітчизняних навчальних закладів та наукових установ, їх співпраця з сучасними інноваційними кластерами, розширення міжнародного наукового співробітництва, залучення вітчизняної інтелектуальної еліти до міжнародної науково-технологічної кооперації, заснованої на співробітництві світових наукових осередків.
New records of Myxomycetes from Peru
Authors: Treviño-Zevallos Italo F. , Lado Rodriguez Carlos
Published: March 2020

We report 19 species of Myxomycetes for first time in Peru. Macbrideola spinispora L.M. Walker, G. Moreno & S.L. Stephenson, previously known only from the type collection from Costa Rica, is now reported for South America, enlarging its distribution considerably. The Myxomycetes were collected in Wayqecha Biological Station, a conservation area in the Cuzco region. The specimens were deposited in the South Peruvian Herbarium (HSP) and the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA-Fungi). The number of Myxomycetes currently recorded from Peru is increased to 174 species.
New record of the monostiliferous hoplonemertean Gurjanovella littoralis Uschakov, 1926 from Japan (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera)
Authors: Hookabe Natsumi , Kajihara Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

A single specimen of a monostiliferous hoplonemertean, collected from a depth of 25 m in Akkeshi Bay, northern Japan, represents the first record of Gurjanovella littoralis Uschakov, 1926 from the Northwest Pacific. The species has been known only from the type locality, White Sea, Russia, although some planktonic larvae from Oregon, USA, and a juvenile from the Sea of Okhotsk have been identified as a member of the genus by molecular sequence data. Our specimen differs from a topotype from the White Sea by 2.9% of uncorrected p-distance and 3.0% of K2P in terms of partial 658-bp sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Our COI phylogenetic tree indicates that each of the larvae from Oregon and the Sea of Okhotsk belongs in Gurjanovella but represents a different species from G. littoralis.
Model Penyampaian Pelatihan Bisnis Online pada Masyarakat Desa dengan Kolaborasi Perguruan Tinggi dan Pesantren
Authors: Solihin Solihin , Adnan Adnan
Published: March 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menampilkan bahwa perguruan tinggi sebagai bagian dari masyarakat dapat tetap berhubungan erat dengan masyarakat yang melahirkannya. Misalnya, masalah kemiskinan yang terus menghantui kehidupan sosial harus terus diberantas. Hal itu dapat dientaskan misalnya dengan wirausaha atau pengembangan bisnis. Sementara itu, pengembangan bisnis terus berkembang dari waktu ke waktu sehingga sampailah pada maraknya bisnis online. Dengan pengabdian ini kami dapat melihat bahwa masyarakat harus saling berbagi ilmu dan pengalaman agar sama-sama dapat berkembang. Oleh karena itu, jawaban-jawaban dari para akademisi atas permasalahan dan masyarakat dapat ditampilkan di sini. Dengan metode participatory action research, ditemukan bahwa cara meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan ustadz/ah dan santri pesantren terhadap bisnis online adalah dimulai dengan interaksi. Interaksi yang timbul dengan adanya pelatihan bisnis online dapat diketahui perbedaannya lewat ketepatan penyampaian informasi melalu target audience yang sesuai, perlengkapan sarana dan fasilitas komunikasi antar para pelaku kreatif, dan kondisi budget dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pelatihan maupun kreativitas santri/masyarakat.
Karakteristik Dimensi Utama Kapal Perikanan Pukat Pantai (Beach Seine) di Pangandaran
Authors: Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Dewanti Lantun Paradhita , Zidni Irfan
Published: March 2020

Beach seines is one of local wisdom that is maintained in Pangandaran area. Boats used in fishing operations with beach seine were used in tourism activities. Thus the boat is very important in supporting fishing operations. This study aims to determine the characteristics of boat used in these activities. The data was collected during April 2017 at Pangandaran. The data obtained through the measurement directly and analyzed descriptively comparative describing the design of beach seines boat. The measurement results show that the main dimension of the beach seines boat is to have LOA (L) ranging from 8,2 to 12,1 meters, B max (B) of 1,05-1,57 meters and Depth (D) of 0,78-1,05 meters. The main dimension ratio has a range of 7,32-8,67 for L/B, the L/D value ranges from 10,22 to 12,21 and the B/D value ranges from 1,34 to 1,5. This value has met the standard criteria of the fishing vessel’s main dimension ratio in Indonesia.
Kajian Beberapa Parameter Kualitas Fisika Air di Perairan Pantai Kota Sorong
Authors: Yani Ahmad
Published: March 2020

Perairan pantai Sorong dengan aktifitas manusia yang beragam di sekitarnya  menyebabkan timbulnya perubahan kualitas perairan yang tidak dikehendaki. maka untuk mengetahi  kelayakan kualitas lingkungan perairan pantai Sorong adalah melalui pengukuran parameter kualitas airnya salahsatunya adalah dengan mengukur beberapa parameter fisika asir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisika air perairan pantai Sorong sehingga dapat ditentukan kelayakannya untuk usaha perikanan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan data dan informasi mengenai kondisi kualitas  fisika  perairan pantai Sorong yang berguna untuk pengelolaan dan pengembangan usaha dibidang perikana.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Nopember 2014 sampai Januari 2015  dan bertempat di perairan pantai Sorong Propinsi Papua Barat.  Data terkumpul dianalisa secara deskriptif dan dituangkan dalam bentuk tabel untuk mengkaji kelayakan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan  Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran yang diperoleh pada setiap stasiun, dapat dikatakan bahwa Suhu, Kedalaman, Kekeruhan, dan Arus  di perairan pantai Kota Sorong masih berada pada kisaran yang layak  untuk usaha perikanan dan dengan kondisi yang masih dapat ditolerir oleh organisme perairan
EVALUASI SELEKTIVITAS DAN KERAMAHAN LINGKUNGAN ALAT TANGKAP DOGOL DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Dewanti Lantun Paradhita , Mahdiana Izza , Zidni Irfan , Herawati Heti
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the selectivity and level of environmental friendliness of mini bottom trawl in Pangandaran District. This research conducted on May-October 2017. Primary data obtained from purposive sampling either by interview or observation Selectivity indicator used was selectivity of catch species and size. Environmental friendly fishing was evaluated based on the FAO criteria. The result showed that catch rate of mini bottom trawl was 26.45 kg/hour. The main catch of mini bottom trawl in Pangandaran District was Trachypenaeus asper amount of 39,5% while by catch was Acetes sp¸ Oiolithes ruber, Trichiurus lepturus, and others catch with amount 60,40%. Catch size of mini bottom trawl main catch was ranged 4 cm - 9.90 cm. The main catch was 39,00% was more than size capture and under size capture was 61.00%. Catch utilization of this fishing gear was 93%. The result evaluation of environmental friendliness based on catch selectivity was 6 point which mean ‘less environmentally’ friendly while FAO criteria showed 18 point which mean ‘not environmentally’ friendly fishing.
Preliminary Hazard Analysis dan Fault Tree Analysis untuk Identifikasi Penyebab Kegagalan Sistem Pelumas Mesin Induk Kapal Penangkap Ikan
Authors: Latif A Muhammad Zaki , Priharanto Yuniar E. , Prasetyo Djoko , Muhfizar Muhfizar
Published: March 2020

Kapal penangkap ikan di Indonesia sebagian besar menggunakan mesin diesel sebagai tenaga penggeraknya. Mesin diesel merupakan mesin mekanis dimana singgungan komponen tidak dapat dihindari, sehingga sistem pelumas mutlak diperlukan untuk mengurangi tingkat kerusakan komponen yang bersinggungan. Penurunan kemampuan sisteem pelumas berdampak pada kerusakan mesin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kerusakan sistem pelumas mesin diesel kapal penangkap ikan sehingga memudahkan untuk membuat keputusan dalam melakukan tindakan perawatan dan perbaikan sistem pelumas. Metode untuk mengidentifikasi tiap kegagalan yang mungkin terjadi menggunakan Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). PHA merupakan perangkat untuk mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya yang mengakibatkan kegagalan sistem, FTA merupakan perangkat untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kegagalan sistem. FTA bekerja dengan menentukan kegagalan yang disebut sebagai “top event”, selanjutnya top event diidentifikasi hubungan faktor penyebab berbagai peristiwa kegagalan dengan pohon kesalahan yang menggunakan gerbang logika sederhana “and” dan “or”. Terbentuknya FTA dapat menentukan faktor penyebab kegagalan dengan minimal cut set. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat tiga penyebab utama mesin diesel mengalami kegagalan karena sistem pelumas adalah gagalnya komponen sistem pelumas yaitu  Kebocoran internal, (Screen pelumas + alarm tekanan + manometer + petugas), dan (Pompa pelumas + alarm tekanan +  manometer + petugas).
Efek Penambahan Vitamin C Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Ikan Pelangi Merah (Glossolepsis incisus Weber)
Authors: Abadi Agung Setia , Hariati Anik Martinah , Sanoesi Ellana
Published: March 2020

Ikan pelangi merah (Glossolepsis incisus Weber) merupakan salah satu ikan hias tropis di perairan tawar Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Akan tetapi laju pertumbuhan yang sangat lambat menyebabkan ikan ini jarang ada di pasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan vitamin C terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifk ikan ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan 5 perlakuan dan 2 ulangan pada ikan ukuran 2 cm dan 6 cm. Dosis vitmin C yang digunakan yaitu 0 mg/kg pakan, 500 mg/kg pakan, 1000 mg/kg pakan, 1500 mg/kg akan dan 2000 mg/kg pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin C sangat mempengaruhi SGR dan FCR serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH dan DO media namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap SR dan Suhu. Hubungan vitamin C dengan SGR dan FCR adalah kuadratik dan diperoleh dosis terbaik dengan penambahan vtamin C sebesar 1666mg/kg pakan pada ukuran 2 cm dan dosis 1111 mg/kg pakan pada ukuran 6 cm. Peningkatan SGR dipengaruhi oleh meningkatnya dosisvitamn C demikian pula nilai FCR, namun akan terjadi penurunan SGR dan FCR jika vitamin C yang dibutuhkan berlebihan atau tidak sesuai.
Analisis Bioekonomi Ikan Cakalang dalam Upaya Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Rasdam Rasdam , Mustasim Mustasim
Published: March 2020

Salah satu potensi hasil laut Kabupaten Sorong yang cukup besar untuk dikembangkan dalam perikanan tangkapnya adalah ikan Cakalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi tangkapan maksimum lestari (MSY), tingkat keuntungan ekonomi (MEY) dan tingkat pemanfaatan ikan Cakalang. Metode yang digunakan stratified random sampling dan yang menjadi sampelnya adalah ikan Cakalang yang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan di Kabupaten Sorong. Hasil penelitian diperoleh MSY sebesar 5.006.321,52 ton/tahun  dengan effort 40 kapal/tahun sedangkan MEY untuk ikan Cakalang 4.999.399,970 ton/tahun dan Effort Maximum Economic Yield (EMEY) 38 kapal/tahun dengan tingkat pemanfaatan telah melebihi Jumlah Tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB) yaitu 80% dari Total Allowable Catch (TAC) yakni sebesar 106,88%. Hasil perhitungan hubungan panjang cagak dan bobot ikan Cakalang di peroleh persamaan W = 0,1931 L 2,4447. Nilai b = 2,4447, (b lebih kecil 3), maka pola pertumbuhan ikan Cakalang yang didaratkan di Kabupaten Sorong bersifat Alometrik negative. Kondisi perikanan Cakalang telah over exploited, maka sistem pengelolaan yang sesuai dengan perikanan Cakalang di Kabupaten Sorong dengan berpedoman pada aspek biologi meliputi: (1) Pengaturan musim penangkapan ikan (2) Penutupan daerah penangkapan pada musim tertentu. (3) Pengurangan kuota penangkapan. (4) Pengendalian upaya penangkapan ikan.
Efektivitas Pemberian Pelet Berbahan Limbah Ikan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele (Clarias garipienus)
Authors: Fahrizal Ahmad - , Ratna Ratna
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian pellet berbahan dasar limbah ikan dari TPI Jembatan Puri, Kota Sorong terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen meliputi uji pakan ke ikan uji yang meliputi 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Pembuatan tepung ikan dan berbahan limbah ikan dari PPI Klaligi, Kota Sorong. Hasil penelitian ini diawali dari penelitian sebelumnya yang mengembangkan pakan berbahan limbah perikanan menjadi pellet yang diujikan secara biologis ke ikan lele, diawali dengan penimbangan bobot ikan terlebih dahulu sebagai data awal pertumbuhan ikan yang selanjutnya juga dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan secara tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian secara berturut-turut menunjukkan bahwa Laju pertumbuhan Spesifik (LPS) tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan A (0,73%/hari), untuk efisiensi pakan tertinggi pada Perlakuan A yaitu 1,49% untuk FCR terbaik yaitu Perlakuan B yaitu 0,28, dan SR Terbaik pada perlakuan D yaitu 93%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ikan lele pada tahapan pendederan cukup efektif bagi pertumbuhan ikan lele dengan menggunakan pakan berbahan limbah ikan meskipun hasil yang diperoleh tidak terpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap setiap perlakuan yang menggunakan pakan berbeda antara pakan komersil (pellet) dan pakan berbahan limbah ikan.
Woody and arboreal habitats of the Green Salamander (Aneides aeneus) in the Blue Ridge Mountains
Authors: Wilson Christopher R.
Published: March 2020

The green salamander (Aneides aeneus) is primarily considered a rock crevice dwelling species. However, many early observations from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia report A. aeneus taken from woody and arboreal habitats. There have been only four published records of A. aeneus using such habitats within the Blue Ridge Disjunct population of southwest North Carolina, northeast Georgia, and northwest South Carolina, and no records since 1952. Here I report two personal observations of A. aeneus using arboreal habitats in North Carolina. Additionally, I report nine observations, made by others, of A. aeneus using woody, arboreal, or otherwise non-rock-crevice habitats in North and South Carolina, including the first non-rock-crevice A. aeneus nesting record for the Blue Ridge. I also speculate that woody and arboreal habitats play a much larger role in the life-history of A. aeneus than generally thought, and that the rarity of A. aeneus is linked to the loss of American Chestnut and old-growth forests.
Notes on the Reproductive Biology of the Alabama Red Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti )
Authors: Means Bruce
Published: March 2020

Living Amphibia exhibit two major life history modes, possession of an aquatic larval stage or direct development, with the latter assumed to be the derived evolutionary condition (Duellman and Trueb 1986, Wake 1989). A small group (n = 20 species) of plethodontid salamanders, the subfamily Desmognathinae, is of great interest because its members display both developmental modes (Marks 1995). For decades the prevailing phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, based upon morphology and habitat, was a monophyletic sequence from the larger, more aquatic species that possessed the longest larval lives to two dwarf terrestrial species with direct development Dunn (1926). This “aquatic to terrestrial” hypothesis remained unchallenged even with the discovery of a new, giant, fossorial species, the Alabama Red Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti), that was thought to be a third species with direct development (Highton 1961).Recently, analysis of mtDNA sequences revealed that the terrestrial desmognathines form the three deepest branches in desmognathine phylogeny, compelling the authors to advance an alternative phylogenetic hypothesis that absence of an aquatic larval stage may be ancestral for desmognathines (Titus and Larsen 1996). Their hypothesis rested, however, on details of the developing embryo and hatchlings in the three species with direct development, but critical data on the eggs, hatchlings, and whether larvae exist in P. hubrichti are unavailable.Aspects of the reproductive biology of the rare and secretive Phaeognathus hubrichti are difficult to observe in the field because the species is a burrower. One clutch laid by a female kept in captivity for six years apparently was unfertilized because the eggs failed to develop (Brandon and Moruska 1982). The large size and small number of ripe ovarian oocytes observed in preserved specimens, coupled with the unusual terrestrial burrowing behavior of the species, suggest the absence of an aquatic larval stage (Brandon 1965).On several visits to one ravine in Butler Co., Alabama (31°32’N, 86°45’W) during the spring and summer of 2002, I repeatedly observed a 105 mm SVL gravid female, discovered her eggs, kept them in captivity until they hatched, then returned the female and her clutch alive back into the field. Here I describe the field observations, eggs, embryos, and hatchlings.
SNAKE ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURES AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS ON A MILITARY BASE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA:
Authors: Meshaka Walter E. , Delis Pablo R.
Published: March 2020

We ascertained the assemblage structures of snakes occurring in a mixed habitat matrix of natural and disturbed habitats during 2008–2011 at Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD), a 7200 ha U.S. Army base in south-central Pennsylvania, to understand the patterns of species abundance as they related to habitat type of managed lands. We detected eight species in 12 sites comprising natural and disturbed habitats of wetlands, forest, and thicket and open fields. The Common Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) occurred in the most sites, the Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) was the rarest species in the study. Two to six species occupied each site and were distributed unevenly. Dynamics of assemblages could be explained in part by habitat and also by the presence of the North American Racer (Coluber constrictor). All species for which data were available exhibited a unimodal pattern to their seasonal activity (mostly May and June); however, seasonal activity peaks differed between sexes. Sex ratios varied among species but were consistently female–biased in the Common Gartersnake and Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus) in Pennsylvania and surrounding areas. As elsewhere in Pennsylvania and the Northeast, body sizes of adults were larger for species syntopic with the North American Racer than for species not syntopic with this potential predator. We found a degree of predictability with respect to snake assemblage dynamics among habitats at LEAD, which in turn can prove useful in resource management of this large and protected human-impacted system.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SELECTED LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF THE EASTERN NARROWMOUTH TOAD, GASTROPHRYNE CAROLINENSIS (HOLBROOK, 1836), ALONG THE NORTHEASTERN EDGE OF ITS GEOGRAPHIC RANGE
Authors: Meshaka, Jr. Walter E. , Delis Pablo R. , Walters Katie
Published: March 2020

We examined the Eastern Narrowmouth Toad,Gastrophryne carolinensis, along the northeastern edge of its geographic range in Virginia to determine the extent to which selected life history traits in this region adhered to patterns associated with a latitudinal gradient in this species. As in studies elsewhere, a significant difference in mean adult body size between males (28.3 mm SVL) and females (30.1 mm SVL) was typical of this species as was the absence of a relationship between clutch size and female body size. Mean body sizes of both sexes appeared larger in northern populations than southern counterparts. Geographically predictable, the breeding season in Virginia was severely curtailed in response to climatic constraints despite extended fertility, and its breeding activity peaked in mid-summer as it has been reported to do throughout its geographic range. Thus, along the northern edge of its geographic range, the Eastern Narrowmouth Toad retains its ability breed for a longer season despite present climatic constraints, an advantage in the face of climate change that could alter timing and duration of acceptable breeding atmospheric conditions.