bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaching Large Strains During Simple Shear Experiments Thanks to Sequential Re-Machining of the Free Edges
Authors: Colon X. , Galpin B. , Mahéo L. , Grolleau V.
Published: November 2023

Background

The simple shear experiment is widely used for the calibration of plasticity models due to straightforward post processing. The specimen can be as simple as a rectangular strip of sheet metal, but the maximum strain is limited by early initiation of fractures from the free edges. Avoiding this drawback has been a major motivation for the development of new specimens with optimized edge geometries or the in-plane torsion test, but at the cost of a more complex analysis of the test and often a reduction of the gauge section.

Objective

The objective of the present work is to overcome the initiation of fracture from the free edges during simple shear experiments. Our goal is to double the achievable maximum strain, while keeping the size of the specimen and the post processing simplicity of a standard simple shear test.

Methods

A sequential single shear test is proposed, consisting of several two steps sequences on a notched geometry. First, an interrupted shear test is performed up to a specified displacement value. Then, the damaged free edges of the specimen are removed through milling. The specimen is then ready for the following sequence of shear and re-machining.

Results

Experiments are performed on three engineering materials, with up to five loading-machining sequences. The maximum attained effective strain is up to two times the one reached during a monotonic experiment. Numerical simulations are used to validate the shear stress and strain calculations from experimental measurements. Practical recommendations are derived for the choice of the displacement step size and Digital Image Correlation analysis.

Conclusion

It is found that the maximum strain attained before the undesired failure of the specimen during simple shear test can be substantially extended through repeated re-machining of the specimen boundaries, enabling behavior identification at larger strains.
Diskriminierungssensibles Coaching
Authors: Hennemann Loreen
Published: November 2023

Diskriminierungen wirken sich als Teil der Arbeitswelt auf das gesamte Arbeitsleben aus. Dies hat negative Effekte für Organisationen und Individuen zur Folge. Coaching als Beratungsformat setzt an vielen arbeitsweltlichen Problem- und Fragestellungen an, daher stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Coaching und Diskriminierungen in Verbindung stehen und sich gegenseitig beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag arbeitet konzeptionell heraus, wie Coaching und Diskriminierungen zusammenhängen, warum die Reflexion und Berücksichtigung von Diskriminierungen sowie dessen Einfluss für den Coachingerfolg essenziell ist und wie dies im Rahmen von einem diskriminierungssensiblen Coaching gelingen kann.
Häusliche Polysomnographie mit Systemen zur Selbstapplikation in der Diagnostik von Schlaferkrankungen
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Jira Daniel , Schoebel Christoph , Sommer J. Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Zur Differenzialdiagnose von Schlaferkrankungen ist die Polysomnographie (PSG) im Schlaflabor als Goldstandard der Diagnostik anerkannt. Aufgrund verschiedener Faktoren ist der Zugang zu dieser Untersuchung für Patienten teilweise eingeschränkt oder mit langen Wartezeiten verbunden. Als alternatives Verfahren zur Messung des Schlafes steht die häusliche PSG zur Verfügung, die in den letzten Jahren technisch weiterentwickelt wurde.

Ziel der Arbeit

Im Rahmen dieser Übersicht sollen technische Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der häuslichen PSG mit vom Patienten selbstständig zu applizierenden Systemen dargestellt und in den aktuellen Versorgungskontext eingeordnet werden.

Material und Methoden

Mittels einer Recherche in Literatur- sowie Zulassungsdatenbanken für Medizinprodukte wurden verfügbare PSG-Systeme identifiziert, die eine Selbstapplikation durch Patienten vorsehen. Informationen zu den einzelnen Systemen wurden aus der Literatur generiert und durch Herstellerangaben validiert. Der Stand der Forschung zur häuslichen PSG wurde über eine Literatursuche erhoben.

Ergebnisse

Momentan sind vier PSG-Systeme verfügbar, die für eine Selbstapplikation durch Patienten zuhause entwickelt wurden. Drei dieser Systeme ermöglichen eine direkte Messung des Schlafs analog zur PSG im Schlaflabor. Verschiedene Studien konnten identifiziert werden, welche die technische Umsetzbarkeit mit einer Erfolgsrate von > 80 % belegen und eine hohe Korrelation mit der PSG im Schlaflabor aufzeigen, was das Potenzial für eine breitere Anwendung dieses Verfahrens zur Entlastung stationärer Einrichtungen demonstriert. Weitere Studien sind jedoch notwendig, um die Leistungsfähigkeit der neuen Systeme in der deutschen Versorgungslandschaft zu bestätigen und die Gleichwertigkeit gegenüber etablierten Tests zu validieren.

Schlussfolgerung

Die häusliche PSG mit selbstapplizierten Systemen stellt eine interessante Weiterentwicklung der schlafmedizinischen Diagnostik dar, welche zukünftig positive Effekte auf die Versorgung in Deutschland haben könnte.
Effect of pH and Calcium on the Techno Functional Properties of Different Pulse Flours, Pastes, and Gels
Authors: Moussaoui D. , Chaya C. , Badia-Olmos C. , Rizo A. , Tarrega A.
Published: November 2023

In this study, our objective was to show the effects of pH and calcium on the techno functional properties of four pulse flours (chickpea, lentil, red lentil, and white bean) and the rheological properties of their pastes and gels. Five conditions were considered: a natural condition and four modifications (pH 3 and pH 5; with or without calcium addition). All measured properties varied with the type, condition, and the interaction among them. All flours exhibited high foaming capacity (44.3 − 78.8%) and emulsifying capacity (46.6 − 49.9%). The white bean flour showed a high water holding capacity (1.6 – 2.0 g/g), and the red lentil, lentil, and chickpea formed strong gels and high viscosity pastes. For the four pulses, the water holding capacity and foaming capacity of the flours and the viscosity of the pastes were improved by decreasing the pH (at 3 or 5) plus the addition of calcium. The hardness, elasticity, and resistance of gels obtained from pulse flours (except for white bean) were high when using natural conditions. Lowering pH resulted in a reduction of these parameters.
Planning a zero-emission mixed-fleet public bus system with minimal life cycle cost
Authors: Frieß Nathalie Marion , Pferschy Ulrich
Published: November 2023

The variety of available technology options for the operation of zero-emission bus systems gives rise to the problem of finding an optimal technology decision for bus operators. Among others, overnight charging, opportunity charging and hydrogen-based technology options are frequently pursued technological solutions. As their operating conditions are strongly influenced by the urban context, an optimal technology decision is far from trivial. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based optimization model that is built upon a broad input database, which allows a customized adaption to local circumstances. The ultimate goal is to determine an optimal technology decision for each bus line, considering its combined effects on charging and vehicle scheduling as well as infrastructural design. To this end, we develop technology-specific network representations for five distinct technologies. These networks can be viewed individually or as a multi-layered graph, which represents the input for the optimal technology mix. The proposed optimization framework is applied to a real-world instance with more than 4.000 timetabled trips. To study the sensitivity of solutions, parameter changes are tested in a comprehensive scenario design. The subsequent analysis produces valuable managerial insights for the bus operator and highlights the decisive role of certain planning assumptions. The results of our computations reveal that the deployment of a mixed fleet can indeed lead to financial benefits. The comparison of single technology system solutions provides a further basis for decision making and demonstrates relative superiorities between different technologies.
Fully Individualized Curriculum with Decaying Knowledge, a New Hard Problem: Investigation and Recommendations
Authors: Lebis Alexis , Humeau Jérémie , Fleury Anthony , Lucas Flavien , Vermeulen Mathieu
Published: November 2023

The personalization of curriculum plays a pivotal role in supporting students in achieving their unique learning goals. In recent years, researchers have dedicated efforts to address the challenge of personalizing curriculum through diverse techniques and approaches. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the phenomenon of student forgetting, as individuals exhibit variations in limitations, backgrounds, and goals, as evidenced by studies in the field of learning sciences. This paper introduces the complex issue of fully individualizing a curriculum while considering the impact of student forgetting, presenting a comprehensive framework to tackle this problem. Moreover, we conduct two experiments to explore this issue, aiming to assess the difficulty of identifying relevant curricula within this context and uncover behavioral patterns associated with the problem. The findings from these experiments provide valuable prescriptive recommendations for educational stakeholders seeking to implement personalized approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate the complexity of this problem, highlighting the need for our framework as an initial decision-making tool to address this challenging endeavor.
Providing Buffers, Solving Barriers: Value-Driven Policies and Actions that Protect Clients Today and Increase the Chances of Thriving Tomorrow
Authors: Kolu Teresa Camille
Published: November 2023

Between 1990 and 2018, regions spent between 2.67% (Europe) and 3.6% (North America) of their GDP to treat harmful behavioral, medical, and other effects of significant adverse experience (Bellis et al., 2019 The Lancet Public Health, 4(10), e517–e528). Although dose-dependent exposure to adverse childhood experiences harms long-term medical health (e.g., Anda et al., 2006; European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 174–186, Anda et al., 2008; American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(5), 396–403,  Dong et al., 2004; Circulation, 110(13), 1761–1766, Felitti and Anda, 2009), six specific buffers (nurturing relationships; nutrition; physical activity; sleep; mental health support; and reducing stress) protect against these harmful health impacts (Purewal et al., 2016, Zero to Three, 37(1), 10–17). However, barriers related to access, information, resources, or behavioral needs prevent many from experiencing the benefits. This article describes an approach in which each buffer area is addressed in the context of its overlap with behavior analytic practice, and supported by related policy suggestions. Providers are invited to adopt an informative buffer policy as an antecedent to client services; establish a collaborative network of providers and resources; and expand buffer promotion beyond clients to other stakeholders including caregivers and staff. The aim of this article is to inspire and empower individuals to use several specific actions: (1) learn about buffers and consider barriers to them; (2) educate others about buffers and barriers to them; (3) scan a client’s environment for buffers and barriers; and (4) consider ways to install buffers and resolve barriers for clients or others as appropriate.
Water–rock two-phase flow model for water inrush and instability of fault rocks during mine tunnelling
Authors: Ma Dan , Duan Hongyu , Li Qiang , Wu Jiangyu , Zhong Wen , Huang Zhen
Published: November 2023

Water inrush hazard is one of the major threats in mining tunnel construction. Rock particle migration in the seepage process is the main cause of water inrush pathway and rock instability. In this paper, a radial water–rock mixture flow model is established to study the evolution laws of water inrush and rock instability. The reliability of the proposed model is verified by the experimental data from a previous study. Through the mixture flow model, temporal-spatial evolution laws of different hydraulic and mechanical properties are analysed. And the proposed model’s applicability and limitations are discussed by comparing it with the existing water inrush model. The result shows that this model has high accuracy both in temporal evolution and spatial distribution. The accuracy of the model is related to the fluctuation caused by particle migration and the deviation of the set value. During the seepage, the porosity, permeability, volume discharge rate and volume concentration of the fluidized particle increase rapidly due to the particle migration, and this phenomenon is significant near the fluid outlet. As the seepage progresses, the volume concentration at the outlet decreases rapidly after reaching the peak, which leads to a decrease in the growth rate of permeability and porosity, and finally a stable seepage state can be maintained. In addition, the pore pressure is not fixed during radial particle migration and decreases with particle migration. Under the effect of particle migration, the downward radial displacement and decrease in effective radial stress are observed. In addition, both cohesion and shear stress of the rock material decreased, and the rock instability eventually occurred at the outlet.
New Work und die Zukunft der Arbeit aus der Sicht von Beschäftigten – Vorstellungen wünschenswerter digitaler Arbeit von Wissensarbeitenden im Homeoffice während COVID-19
Authors: Hardering Friedericke , Biesel Mareike
Published: November 2023

Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung verändert, wie Menschen arbeiten und wie sie in Zukunft arbeiten wollen. In der Arbeitssoziologie werden diese Veränderungen vorrangig mit dem Fokus auf technologische Transformationen im Diskurs um die Digitalisierung von Arbeit verhandelt. Die subjektive Seite dieser Veränderungen bleibt dabei unterbelichtet. Unter dem Schlagwort „New Work“ werden demgegenüber die Bedürfnisse der Beschäftigten in den Vordergrund gestellt. Unsere Forschung fragt an der Schnittstelle dieser beiden Diskurse Wissensarbeitende im Homeoffice nach ihren antizipierten Erwartungen und Wünschen in Bezug auf die Zukunft der Arbeit. Der Beitrag zeigt fünf Themenkomplexe auf, die aus Sicht der Beschäftigten die Zukunft der Arbeit prägen werden. Ausgehend von der Sorge, dass Chancen der Digitalisierung nicht im Sinne der Beschäftigten genutzt werden (1), diskutieren die Befragten Weiterbildung (2) und Partizipation (3) als Voraussetzungen für gelingenden Wandel. Am Beispiel Homeoffice (4) lässt sich zeigen, wie konkrete Forderungen für gute Arbeit der Zukunft aussehen. In ‚Arbeit neu denken‘ (5) stellen die Befragten die Arbeitsgesellschaft als solche in Frage und diskutieren einen erweiterten Arbeitsbegriff. Anhand der fünf Themenkomplexe werden die Spannungen zwischen Wünschen an die Zukunft der Arbeit und antizipierten Erwartungen deutlich, was auf ungenutzte Gestaltungspotenziale von Arbeit hindeutet.

Praktische Relevanz: Sowohl Beschäftigtenwünsche als auch Annahmen über zukünftige Entwicklungen und Umsetzungsblockaden bieten für Organisationen wichtige Einblicke in Gestaltungspotenziale von Arbeit. Für die Gestaltung guter Wissensarbeit in der Zukunft können die Erwartungen und Wünsche der Beschäftigten jenseits von stereotypen Zuschreibungen einbezogen werden.
Reactive agency and technology
Authors: Tollon Fabio
Published: November 2023

Is there room for genuine human agency in a world populated by almost incessant technological distraction and influence? It often feels as though our technological landscape is pulling us in a number of directions, and that our agency is more a function of us reacting to the world as opposed to us exerting our will. In this paper I, explore what it would mean to take these contextual factors seriously and bake them into an account of agency. That is, what if agency is reactive all the way down? This is a proposal made by Rüdiger Bittner, who argues that the reason(s) for action are responses to states of affairs in the world. This is in contrast to ‘standard’ views of agency, which explain actions with things like beliefs and desires. Ultimately, I find such a reactive account of agency implausible. However, I think it reveals a potential solution to the ‘new’ problem of all-pervasive technologies: a reactive account does not see these technologies necessarily as a threat, but rather focusses our attention on the ways in which they change and shape our available context and our possibility to act. While I argue the reactive account goes too far, what I take from it is that our environment offers us various possibilities for action (in the form of affordances), and that we ought to take this seriously in our thinking both about agency and about the impacts of technology. Moreover, there is something to learn from our tendency to ‘fall’ for various ‘temptations’ in our environment, and this justifies further reflection on not only the design of different technologies, but whether such technologies ought to exist at all.
How artificial intelligence adopts human biases: the case of cosmetic skincare industry
Authors: Georgievskaya Anastasia , Tlyachev Timur , Danko Daniil , Chekanov Konstantin , Corstjens Hugo
Published: November 2023

The cosmetic skincare industry is a growing market that extends to different regions and customer groups. In addition to scientific advances and technological developments, state-of-the-art digital approaches, including machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques, are being applied at different stages of the value chain. The objectives of these efforts include optimizing the supply chain, developing high-quality, effective and safe products and personalization at every step of the customer journey. However, the use of digital technologies comes with risks and undesirable effects. These include a lack of transparency and accountability, compromised fairness and a general deficiency in data governance, all of which are critical at every customer touchpoint. This dark side of digital transformation is recognized by both businesses and governments. In this paper, we explain the concept of bias leading to unfairness for beauty technology applications. Based on published data we identified potential sources of AI bias in the cosmetic skincare industry and/or beauty tech. They were classified by the stage of the AI lifecycle: biases related to target setting, to acquisition and annotation, to modeling, to validation and evaluation, and to deployment and monitoring. We aim to create awareness of such phenomena among readers, whether executives, managers, developers or potential end-users.
Dissolution of Bioactive Glass S53P4 in Continuous Flows of Tris Buffer and Lactic Acid
Authors: Siekkinen Minna , Engblom Markus , Karlström Oskar , Hupa Leena
Published: November 2023

In vitro dynamic dissolution of bioactive glass S53P4 particles was studied in a cascade of three reactors. Tris buffer (pH 7.40) and lactic acid (pH 2.00) with flow rates of 0.2 and 0.04 ml/min were fed through the reactors for 24 h. The increased ion concentrations in Tris inflows to the second and third reactors decreased the dissolution of the particles. However, the normalised surface-specific mass loss rate decreased from the first to the third reactor and with decreasing flow rate. No distinct differences were observed in the reaction layers on the particles in the three consecutive reactors. This implied that the ions released in the previous reactors contributed to the reaction layers formed in the following reactors. Highly incongruent dissolution with similar dissolution rates of sodium, calcium, and phosphorus occurred with the two flow rates in lactic acid. Although a thick silica-rich layer formed on the particles, the low pH prevented calcium phosphate layer precipitation. The results imply that S53P4 particles in an implant react at different rates depending on their location but form similar reaction layer morphologies independent of their location in physiological solutions (pH 7.4). On the other hand, S53P4 particles exposed to acidic solutions with a pH < 5 likely dissolve incongruently, leaving a slowly dissolving Si-rich layer. In such an environment, the dissolution rates of Na, Ca, and P are independent of the location of the S53P4 particle in the implant. Thus, the pH and fluid flow are critical factors for the dissolution of S53P4 bioactive glass particles.
APT Attack Detection Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ren Weiwu , Song Xintong , Hong Yu , Lei Ying , Yao Jinyu , Du Yazhou , Li Wenjuan
Published: November 2023

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks are malicious and targeted forms of cyberattacks that pose significant challenges to the information security of governments and enterprises. Traditional detection methods struggle to extract long-term relationships within these attacks effectively. This paper proposes an APT attack detection model based on graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) to address this issue. The aim is to detect known attacks based on vulnerabilities and attack contexts. We extract organization-vulnerability relationships from publicly available APT threat intelligence, along with the names and relationships of software security entities from CVE, CWE, and CAPEC, to generate triple data and construct a knowledge graph of APT attack behaviors. This knowledge graph is transformed into a homogeneous graph, and GCNs are employed to process graph features, enabling effective APT attack detection. We evaluate the proposed method on the dataset constructed in this paper. The results show that the detection accuracy of the GCN method reaches 95.9%, improving by approximately 2.1% compared to the GraphSage method. This approach proves to be effective in real-world APT attack detection scenarios.
Machine learning for activity-based road transportation emissions estimation
Authors: Rollend Derek , Foster Kevin , Kott Tomek M. , Mocharla Rohita , Muñoz Rai , Fendley Neil , Ashcraft Chace , Willard Frank , Reilly Elizabeth P. , Hughes Marisa
Published: November 2023

Measuring and attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains a challenging problem as the world strives toward meeting emissions reductions targets. As a significant portion of total global emissions, the road transportation sector represents an enormous challenge for estimating and tracking emissions at a global scale. To meet this challenge, we have developed a hybrid approach for estimating road transportation emissions that combines the strengths of machine learning and satellite imagery with localized emissions factors data to create an accurate, globally scalable, and easily configurable GHG monitoring framework.
Leveraging Bluetooth low-energy technology to improve contact tracing among healthcare personnel in hospital setting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Vazquez Guillamet M. Cristina , Rjob Ashraf , Zhang Jingwen , Dai Ruixuan , Wang Ruiqi , Damulira Christopher , Hamauon Reshad , Candell Jeff , Kwon Jennie H. , Babcock Hilary , Bailey Thomas C. , Lu Chenyang , Fraser Victoria
Published: November 2023

To improve contact tracing for healthcare workers, we built and configured a Bluetooth low-energy system. We predicted close contacts with great accuracy and provided an additional contact yield of 14.8%. This system would decrease the effective reproduction number by 56% and would unnecessarily quarantine 0.74% of employees weekly.
Physician perceptions of barriers to infection prevention and control in labor and delivery
Authors: Barnes Laura E.A. , White Katelyn A. , Young Marisa R. , Ramsey Patrick S. , Cochran Ronda L. , Perkins Kiran M.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To learn about the perceptions of healthcare personnel (HCP) on the barriers they encounter when performing infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in labor and delivery to help inform future IPC resources tailored to this setting.

Design:

Qualitative focus groups.

Setting:

Labor and delivery units in acute-care settings.

Participants:

A convenience sample of labor and delivery HCP attending the Infectious Diseases Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022 Annual Meeting.

Methods:

Two focus groups, each lasting 45 minutes, were conducted by a team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A standardized script facilitated discussion around performing IPC practices during labor and delivery. Coding was performed by 3 reviewers using an immersion-crystallization technique.

Results:

In total, 18 conference attendees participated in the focus groups: 67% obstetrician-gynecologists, 17% infectious disease physicians, 11% medical students, and 6% an obstetric anesthesiologist. Participants described the difficulty of consistently performing IPC practices in this setting because they often respond to emergencies, are an entry point to the hospital, and frequently encounter bodily fluids. They also described that IPC training and education is not specific to labor and delivery, and personal protective equipment is difficult to locate when needed. Participants observed a lack of standardization of IPC protocols in their setting and felt that healthcare for women and pregnant people is not prioritized on a larger scale and within their hospitals.

Conclusions:

This study identified barriers to consistently implementing IPC practices in the labor and delivery setting. These barriers should be addressed through targeted interventions and the development of obstetric-specific IPC resources.
Case 002/02 Against Khieu Samphan (E.C.C.C. Sup. Ct. Chamber)
Authors: Ciorciari John D.
Published: November 2023

On September 22, 2022, the Supreme Court Chamber (SCC) of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) pronounced its judgment against Khieu Samphan, a key figure in the Khmer Rouge regime that ruled the country in the late 1970s. The appellate SCC upheld the Trial Chamber's conviction of Khieu Samphan for war crimes and genocide, as well as all but two convictions against him for crimes against humanity. The SCC also found him responsible for additional crimes and affirmed his life sentence. On December 23, 2022, the court published the full written judgment, bringing to a close Case 002/02, the third and final trial at the ECCC.
Precision therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy: Pipedream or paradigm shift?
Authors: Javed Saad , Halliday Brian P.
Published: November 2023

Precision medicine for cardiomyopathies holds great promise to improve patient outcomes costs by shifting the focus to patient-specific treatment decisions, maximising the use of therapies most likely to lead to benefit and minimising unnecessary intervention. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterised by left ventricular dilatation and impairment, is a major cause of heart failure globally. Advances in genomic medicine have increased our understanding of the genetic architecture of DCM. Understanding the functional implications of genetic variation to reveal genotype-specific disease mechanisms is the subject of intense investigation, with advanced cardiac imaging and mutliomics approaches playing important roles. This may lead to increasing use of novel, targeted therapy. Individualised treatment and risk stratification is however made more complex by the modifying effects of common genetic variation and acquired environmental factors that help explain the variable expressivity of rare genetic variants and gene elusive disease. The next frontier must be expanding work into early disease to understand the mechanisms that drive disease expression, so that the focus can be placed on disease prevention rather than management of later symptomatic disease. Overcoming these challenges holds the key to enabling a paradigm shift in care from the management of symptomatic heart failure to prevention of disease.
Revisiting the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India using the Heckman Probit model
Authors: Rahaman Margubur , Roy Avijit , Chouhan Pradip , Das Kailash Chandra , Rana Md Juel
Published: November 2023

Unsafe abortion refers to induced abortions performed without trained medical assistance. While previous studies have investigated predictors of unsafe abortion in India, none have addressed these factors with accounting sample selection bias. This study aims to evaluate the contributors to unsafe abortion in India by using the latest National Family Health Survey data conducted during 2019–2021, incorporating the adjustment of sample selection bias. The study included women aged 15 to 49 who had terminated their most recent pregnancy within five years prior to the survey (total weighted sample (N) = 4,810). Descriptive and bivariate statistics and the Heckman Probit model were employed. The prevalence of unsafe abortion in India was 31%. Key predictors of unsafe abortion included women’s age, the gender composition of their living children, gestation stage, family planning status, and geographical region. Unsafe abortions were typically performed in the early stages of gestation, often involving self-administered medication. The primary reasons cited were unintended pregnancies and health complications. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions that take into account regional, demographic, and social dynamics influencing abortion practices in India.
Medico-legal liability of injuries arising from laryngoscopy
Authors: Fritz Christian G , Monos Stylianos D , Romeo Dominic , Lowery Anne , Xu Katherine , Atkins Joshua , Rajasekaran Karthik
Published: November 2023

Objective

Dental and mucosal injuries from laryngoscopy in the peri-operative period are common medico-legal complaints. This study investigated lawsuits arising from laryngoscopy.

Methods

Westlaw, a legal database containing trial records from across the USA, was retrospectively reviewed. Plaintiff and/or defendant characteristics, claimed injuries, legal outcomes and awards were extracted.

Results

Of all laryngoscopy-related dental or mucosal injuries brought before a state or federal court, none (0 per cent) resulted in a defence verdict against the provider or monetary gain for the patient. Rulings in the patient's favour were observed only when laryngoscopy was found to be the proximate cause of multiple compounding complications that culminated in severe medical outcomes such as exsanguination, septic shock or cardiopulmonary arrest.

Conclusion

Proper laryngoscopy technique and a robust informed-consent process that accurately sets patients' expectations reduces litigation risk. Future litigation pursuits should consider the low likelihood of malpractice allegation success at trial.
Nuer
Authors: Reid Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Nuer (ISO 6393: nus/Glottocode: nuer1246) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Western, Dinka-Nuer). The sound system of Nuer is of particular interest because the language has a rich inventory of vocalic and suprasegmental distinctions, including a large number of vowel phonemes, a voice quality contrast (modal versus breathy), three levels of vowel length, and a tonal inventory that interacts with the voice quality contrast.
The road to recovery: conservation management for the Critically Endangered Bali myna shows signs of success
Authors: Squires Thomas M. , Kepakisan Agus N.K. , Kusumanegara Hery , Collar Nigel J. , Yuni Luh P.E.K. , Owen Andrew , Nugroho Andri , Sarmawi Mas U. , Nelson S. Sunny , Winarni Nurul L. , Marsden Stuart J.
Published: November 2023

The Bali mynaLeucopsar rothschildihas long suffered heavy trapping, leading to its near extinction in the wild and categorization as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Decades of conservation breeding, release of birds and post-release management at Bali Barat National Park have, until recently, failed to secure a viable wild population. However, over the past decade, population increases, expansion into new areas of the National Park and beyond, and successful breeding in both artificial and natural nest sites have occurred. These recent successes are associated with a change in approach by the National Park authority from concentrating efforts on the last refugium of the species (an area protected from trapping but with potentially suboptimal habitat) and towards the human-dominated landscapes around the main road through the National Park. Bali mynas tended to favour areas with extensive shorter grass cover and open canopies and to shun denser woodland. Anthropogenic landscapes such as farmland and plantations presumably mimic the original savannah habitat of the species, but nestbox provision has probably been crucial in these areas in the absence of natural cavities. A potential further factor in the increases in myna numbers and range has been a scheme involving local people in commercial breeding of the species, thereby reducing its market price, and working with communities to reduce trapping pressure. We encourage continuing operation of this management strategy inside the National Park and its further extension into adjacent tourist areas, which appear to have myna-friendly socio-ecological conditions.
The risk and development of work disability among individuals with gambling disorder: a longitudinal case–cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Månsson Viktor , Pettersson Emma , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Guterstam Joar , Berman Anne H. , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Molero Yasmina
Published: November 2023

Background

This longitudinal register study aimed to investigate the association between gambling disorder (GD) and work disability and to map work disability in subgroups of individuals with GD, three years before and three years after diagnosis.

Methods

We included individuals aged 19–62 with GD between 2005 and 2018 (n = 2830; 71.1% men, mean age: 35.1) and a matched comparison cohort (n = 28 300). Work disability was operationalized as the aggregated net days of sickness absence and disability pension. Generalized estimating equation models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of long-term work disability (>90 days of work disability/year). Secondly, we conducted Group-based Trajectory Models on days of work disability.

Results

Individuals with GD showed a four-year increased risk of long-term work disability compared to the matched cohort, peaking at the time of diagnosis (AOR = 1.89; CI 1.67–2.13). Four trajectory groups of work disability days were identified: constant low (60.3%, 5.6–11.2 days), low and increasing (11.4%, 11.8–152.5 days), medium–high and decreasing (11.1%, 65.1–110 days), and constant high (17.1%, 264–331 days). Individuals who were females, older, with prior psychiatric diagnosis, and had been dispensed a psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, were more likely to be assigned to groups other than the constant low.

Conclusion

Individuals with GD have an increased risk of work disability which may add financial and social pressure and is an additional incentive for earlier detection and prevention of GD.
Interpretable long-term gait trajectory prediction based on Interpretable-Concatenation former
Authors: Yin Jie , Chen Meng , Zhang Chongfeng , Xue Tao , Zhang Ming , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2023

Human gait trajectory prediction is a long-standing research topic in human–machine interaction. However, there are two shortcomings in the current gait trajectory prediction technology. The first shortcoming is that the neural network model of gait prediction only predicts dozens of future time frames of gait trajectory. The second shortcoming is that the gait prediction neural network model is uninterpretable. We propose the Interpretable-Concatenation former (IC-former) model, which can predict long-term gait trajectories and explain the prediction results by quantifying the importance of data at different positions in the input sequence. Experiments prove that the IC-former model we proposed not only makes a breakthrough in prediction accuracy but also successfully explains the data basis of the prediction.
Sports and epilepsy: A comprehensive review in the Japanese context
Authors: Takagi Shunsuke
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Epilepsy, affecting 1% of the global population, is a neuropsychiatric disease often co-occurring with psychiatric disorders. It is characterized by recurrent “epileptic seizures” caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which poses risks during exercise and damages athletic identity. In Japan, psychiatrists perform essential roles in the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Methods: This review examines and addresses the challenges and opportunities for individuals with epilepsy in athletic endeavors. Results: Historically, misconceptions regarding seizure triggers, societal stigma, and overprotective attitudes have limited physical activity among individuals with epilepsy, resulting in obesity and reduced wellbeing. However, exercise does not typically induce seizures. Recent research suggests that exercise benefits seizure control, quality of life, and comorbidities among individuals with epilepsy. Sports participation risks were categorized into three groups using tailored guidelines provided by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Water-based sports require controlled environments, monitoring, and distinctive attire due to the risk of drowning. In contact sports, precautions are required to address seizures prior to physical contact. Guidelines for children with epilepsy in school events emphasize inclusion, as restrictions may lead to social and developmental challenges. Few prominent athletes who openly disclosed their epilepsy diagnoses. Conclusion: Physical activity offers benefits to individuals with epilepsy, necessitating a re-evaluation of exercise restrictions. Guidelines and seizure type considerations are essential. Athletes’ openness about epilepsy enhances awareness and support, contributing to the overall well-being of this population. Dipruption of epilepsy on competitive mindset might extend to Athletic Identity (AI).
Digitalisierung im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Klösch Michael
Published: November 2023

Verstehen Sie alle Veränderungen in der Gesundheitsversorgung rund um das Thema „Digitalisierung“? Das Fachbuch für Pflege- und Gesundheitsberufe im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen bietet eine verständliche, systematische und praxisorientierte Einführung zum Thema. Das Autor_innenteam
• erläutert die Grundlagen, Begriffe und Hintergründe sowie die Erfordernisse der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen• bietet eine übersichtliche Systematik gängiger Digitalisierungsbereiche im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen bezüglich eHealth, Gesundheitsportalen, Telehealth, AAL-Systeme, Robotik und Avatare sowie der elektronischen Patientenakte und den Online-Apotheken mit digitalem Medikamentenmanagement

fasst studienbasiert internationale Erfahrungswerte zusammen
legt einen starken Fokus auf die Pflege und andere Gesundheitsberufe und stellt zahlreiche Beispiele, Projekte und Anwendungen vor
bietet eine interdisziplinäre Orientierung, die das Zusammenspiel der Dienstleister im Gesundheitswesen und deren Vernetzbarkeit durch Digitalisierung zeigt
beschreibt studienbasierte Strategien, um die Akzeptanz von Technik im Gesundheitswesen zu steigern
thematisiert Aspekte des Qualitätsmanagements und der ethischen Entscheidungsfindung im Rahmen der Digitalisierung.
Primary Nursing – Primäre Pflege
Authors: Wessel Susan , Manthey Marie
Published: November 2023

Die Entwicklerinnen des Primary Nursing Systems beschreiben dessen historische Entwicklung. Sie erläutern, wie das System, auch gegen Widerstände, umgesetzt und angewendet werden kann. Sie klären die notwendige Veränderung des Rollenverständnisses einer primären Bezugsperson und betonen die Bedeutung der Beziehungsgestaltung durch Pflegepersonen im Primary Nursing System. Sie zeigen, wie eine Vielzahl von Problemen der beruflichen Pflege mit Hilfe von Primary Nursing gelöst werden können. Zu diesen Problemen zählen das geringe Ansehen des Pflegeberufs, seine ökonomischen Beschränkungen und seine Macht- und Einflusslosigkeit im Zusammenhang mit pflegerelevanten Entscheidungen. Ein Beitrag von Maria Mischo-Kelling bettet das Primary Nursing System in den deutschsprachigen Kontext von Bildung, Forschung und Praxis ein.

Aus dem Inhalt
I. Warum Primäre Pflege?
1 Primäre Pflege
2 Historie: Auf und Ab pflegerischer Autonomie
II. Wie die Primäre Pflege implementiert wird?
3 Die Primäre Pflege verstehen
4 Die Vorbereitung der Implementierung
5 Funktionen bei der Implementierung
6 Die Rolle der Führungskraft
7 Übernahme der Prinzipien der Primären Pflege
8 Die Therapeutische Beziehung
III. Erfolgreiche Methoden und Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien
9 Die besten Methoden der Primären Pflege
10 Partnerschaften im Pflegeteam der Primären Pflege
11 Methoden zur Vertiefung und Weiterentwicklung
12 Primäre Pflege im Kontext
Differential activation of programmed cell death in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Riegler Ashleigh N. , Benson Paul , Long Kenneth , Leal Sixto M.
Published: November 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe lower airway disease and death in a subset of patients. Knowledge on the relative contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to lung pathology is limited to few human autopsy studies with small sample size/scope, in vitro cell culture, and experimental model systems. In this study, we sought to identify, localize, and quantify activation of apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in FFPE lung tissues from patients that died from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 28) relative to uninfected controls (n = 13). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, whole-slide imaging, and Image J software was used to localize and quantify expression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and the following PCD protein markers: cleaved Caspase-3, pMLKL, cleaved Gasdermin D, and CD71, respectively. IF showed differential activation of each PCD pathway in infected lungs and dichotomous staining for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein enabling distinction between high (n = 9) vs low viral burden (n = 19). No differences were observed in apoptosis and ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs relative to uninfected controls. However, both pyroptosis and necroptosis were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs. Increased pyroptosis was observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs, irrespective of viral burden, suggesting an inflammation-driven mechanism. In contrast, necroptosis exhibited a very strong positive correlation with viral burden (R2 = 0.9925), suggesting a direct SARS-CoV-2 mediated effect. These data indicate a possible novel mechanism for viral-mediated necroptosis and a potential role for both lytic programmed cell death pathways, necroptosis and pyroptosis, in mediating infection outcome.
Slower clozapine titration is associated with delayed onset of clozapine-induced fever among Japanese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Yada Yuji , Otsuka Yuji , Ito Fumiaki , Tanifuji Hiroaki , Komatsu Hiroshi , Tomita Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

Clozapine-induced fever marks the beginning of its inflammatory and potentially life-threatening adverse effects, such as myocarditis. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between clozapine titration rate and fever onset date in 254 Japanese patients, including 55 with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who developed clozapine-induced fever. Pearson’s product-moment correlation indicated a significant delay in the fever onset date with slower titration. Most fever onset cases occurred within 4 weeks, even with slow titration. Therefore, clinicians should remain vigilant in monitoring clozapine-induced fever within 4 weeks of clozapine initiation, regardless of the titration rate.
Functional convergence of genomic and transcriptomic architecture underlies schooling behaviour in a live-bearing fish
Authors: Corral-Lopez Alberto , Bloch Natasha I. , van der Bijl Wouter , Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Szorkovszky Alexander , Kotrschal Alexander , Darolti Iulia , Buechel Severine D. , Romenskyy Maksym , Kolm Niclas , Mank Judith E.
Published: November 2023

The organization and coordination of fish schools provide a valuable model to investigate the genetic architecture of affiliative behaviours and dissect the mechanisms underlying social behaviours and personalities. Here we used replicate guppy selection lines that vary in schooling propensity and combine quantitative genetics with genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the genetic basis of sociability phenotypes. We show that consistent with findings in collective motion patterns, experimental evolution of schooling propensity increased the sociability of female, but not male, guppies when swimming with unfamiliar conspecifics. This finding highlights a relevant link between coordinated motion and sociability for species forming fission–fusion societies in which both group size and the type of social interactions are dynamic across space and time. We further show that alignment and attraction, the two major traits forming the sociability personality axis in this species, showed heritability estimates at the upper end of the range previously described for social behaviours, with important variation across sexes. The results from both Pool-seq and RNA-seq data indicated that genes involved in neuron migration and synaptic function were instrumental in the evolution of sociability, highlighting a crucial role of glutamatergic synaptic function and calcium-dependent signalling processes in the evolution of schooling.
Facemap: a framework for modeling neural activity based on orofacial tracking
Authors: Syeda Atika , Zhong Lin , Tung Renee , Long Will , Pachitariu Marius , Stringer Carsen
Published: November 2023

Recent studies in mice have shown that orofacial behaviors drive a large fraction of neural activity across the brain. To understand the nature and function of these signals, we need better computational models to characterize the behaviors and relate them to neural activity. Here we developed Facemap, a framework consisting of a keypoint tracker and a deep neural network encoder for predicting neural activity. Our algorithm for tracking mouse orofacial behaviors was more accurate than existing pose estimation tools, while the processing speed was several times faster, making it a powerful tool for real-time experimental interventions. The Facemap tracker was easy to adapt to data from new labs, requiring as few as 10 annotated frames for near-optimal performance. We used the keypoints as inputs to a deep neural network which predicts the activity of ~50,000 simultaneously-recorded neurons and, in visual cortex, we doubled the amount of explained variance compared to previous methods. Using this model, we found that the neuronal activity clusters that were well predicted from behavior were more spatially spread out across cortex. We also found that the deep behavioral features from the model had stereotypical, sequential dynamics that were not reversible in time. In summary, Facemap provides a stepping stone toward understanding the function of the brain-wide neural signals and their relation to behavior.