bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Isolation on Captive Sumatran Elephant in Elephant Training Center, Way Kambas National Park: A First Step towards Its ID Card
Authors: L. Rustiati Elly , Priyambodo Priyambodo , Asiyah Siti , Candra Dedi , E. Anggraini Diah , D. Krismuniarti Elizabeth , Srihanto Eko Agus , Angeliya Liza , Nurcahyani Nuning , Saswiyanti Enny
Published: August 2019

Elephant Training Center (ETC) Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) was built to support human-elephantmitigation conflict. The small population of captive sumatran elephant in ETC WKNP need a comprehensivestrategy in order to maintain the genetic variation of each individual and avoid inbreeding drive. Currently, geneticstudies have opened new field studies in ecology, included conservation ecology. Patterns in variation of populationhas been investigated by molecular method supporting species conservation effort. The captive sumatran elephant’sID Card is a necessary in database building, which included morphology, health status, and genetic profile. Geneticprofile in each ID Card was filled by cytogenetic and molecular profile for RADP result, that initiated with DNAisolation. The DNA sources collected by blood sampling protocol described by Asiyah et al. (2016) from captivesumatran elephant in ETC, WKNP, and be carried to laboratory in cold condition. The DNA sources stored at 4oCand isolated following commercial protocol. The result of DNA isolation stored at -20oC until amplificationanalysis. DNA isolation was successfully done, for further individual genetic ID building.
Association of Infestation of Gastrointestinal Nematode With Altitudes of Location of Cattle Raising in Two Different Districts in Aceh Province
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar , Umar Sayed , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Tafsin Maruf
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to measure the prevalence and the association of altitude of location of raising to the risk of infestation of gastrointestinal nematode in cattle. The study was conducted using cross sectional approach. A purposive sampling method was used to select the location of study (subdistricts and villages) in the two Districts. The inclusion criteria for the lowland were the location with altitude 200 m above sea level and the subdistricts (villages) of North Aceh District. The exclusion criteria for lowland was the location 200 m above sea level. Then, the inclusion criteria for the highland were the location with altitude 200 m above sea level and the subdistricts (villages) of Central Aceh District. The exclusion criteria for lowland was the location 200 m above sea level. A random sampling was used for selection of cattle for collecting faecal sample in two locations of study. A total number of 201 cattle, both male and female, were obtained for taking faecal sample from the two Districts. Faecal sample was examined for the existence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematode. The examination was conducted using floating method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The measurement of association of altitude of location of cattle raising and sex of animals to the risk of infestation of gastrointestinal nematode were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) estimation and continued with chi-square test. The results showed a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infestation in cattle of Lowland location (25%) as compared to Highland (5.8%). As for the altitude, the cattle raising in Lowland were more than 5 times higher risk for infestation of gastrointestinal nematode as compared to Higher land location (P0.005). The female cattle in Lowland was higher risk (6.18) for infestation than Highland (P0.01). A similar trend was obtained for male cattle which higher risk in Lowland (4.12) as compared to Highland, but it was not significant (P0.05). In conclusion, by considering the altitude of location, the cattle raising in Lowland were more than 5 times higher risk for infestation of gastrointestinal nematode as compared to Higher land location. There is a variation of risk between female and male cattle in different altitude.
Mammary Gland Tumor In Cat And Therapeutic Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Hambal Muhammad , Ayuni Rizka , Vanda Henni , Sabri Mustafa
Published: August 2019

This report describes a case of mammary gland tumor in a 1-year-old female cat using a mastectomy approach. The tumor was located on dexter side of mammae. Blood analysis showed good condition of the patient and ready for surgery. Mastectomy was conducted to remove the mass, and the tumor size was measured 7x5x4 cm with solid appearance. The cat was given antibiotics to prevent infection, and the wound dried in five days.
Eurytrematosis: a Review of the Pancreatic Fluke
Authors: Balqis Ummu
Published: August 2019

Eurytrematosis is a common zoonotic disease has emerged as a major species causing veterinary diseaseand public health problem. This review examines recent advances in Eurytrema species, the life cycle, intermediatehosts required for completing the life cycle, and geographical distribution of Eurytrema species in the world, as wellas several factors considered suitable to occur.
Infectious Diseases of Six Non-Domesticated Neo-Tropical Animals In Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Lall Kavita Ranjeeta , Jones Kegan Romelle , Garcia Gary Wayne
Published: August 2019

This review serves to shed light on some common infectious diseases: their names, prevalence, site of infection and diagnostic tools for identificationof six (6) neo-tropical animals that are found in Trinidad and Tobago with the potential for domestication. These are theagouti(Dasyprocta leporina/ D. agouti), lappe/paca (Cuniculus paca/ Agouti paca), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), manicou/opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis), collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu/ Peccari tajucu) and red brocket deer (Mazama americana).There is over Ninety (90) references were used, with the earliest being 1951 and the most recent being in 2017.Where literature was lacking, information from other species within the same genus was incorporated and identified clearly. It was interesting to note that the majority of animals, despite being infected with pathogenic organisms were clinically healthy. In animals that showed clinical signs of disease there was a large quantity of pathogens present. This manuscript sheds some light on the pathogens that may use these animals as natural reservoirs. This review paper also includes many of the earliest identification of these pathogens in Neo-tropical animals in specific geographic regions.
Management Femoral Fracture in Cats using Intramedullary Pin and Wires Fixation
Authors: Erwin Erwin , Noviana Deni , Umbu Dany , Dewi Tri Isyani Tungga
Published: August 2019

On April 2016, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (VTH FKH IPB) received 4 cases of femoral fractures in cats caused by trauma. Two cats suffered oblique diaphysis fracture femoral, one cat suffered comminuted diaphysis fracture femoral, and one cat suffered epiphyseal fracture femoral (column femoral and trochanter major). All cats were treated by open surgery using intramedullary pins (Steinmann) and cerclage wires (Kirschner). Fracture recovery went without complication and all cats were able to move their feet one week after surgery.
Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Action of Buffalo Breeders in the Villages Around Nagan Raya Power Plant on the Impact of Fly Ash Exposure
Authors: Susanti Ira , Rinidar Rinidar , Sugito Sugito
Published: August 2019

One of the biggest contributors of air pollution is the production of coal fly ash from power plant industry. Fly ash has an immediate impact on human and animal health around the power plant. Many buffaloes in Nagan Raya usually grazing near the 110-megawatt steam power plant that using low rank coal. This action raises concerns about buffalo’s health due to exposure to fly ash. This study aimed to examine the relationship of knowledge, attitude and action of buffalo breeders to the impact of fly ash exposure on the buffaloes. This research used analytical survey with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in February 2018 with 30 respondents from four villages around Nagan Raya Power Plant to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and actions by using questionnaires. The data were analyzed statistically with Chi Square Test with SPSS for Windows version 17.0. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the knowledge of buffalo breeders and the impact of fly ash exposure (P 0.05), while the attitude and actions of buffalo breeders had a significant correlation with the impact of fly ash exposure (P 0.05). These results concluded that the buffalo breeders in the villages around the power plant did not realize the impact of fly ash arising from coal of power plant. It is expected that the associated institution would conduct a counseling about the impact of fly ash exposure as well as good management of buffaloes.
Effectivity of Entomopathogen of Fungi of Metarhizium brunneum Petch As Biotermitiside for Termite Pest of Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren on Nutmeg in Aceh Province
Authors: Sayuthi Muhammad , Santoso Teguh , Iswadi Iswadi
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bat Coronavirus of Pteropus alecto from Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Febriani Wenty Dwi , Saepuloh Uus , Ayuningsih Ellis Dwi , Saputra R. Suryo , Purbatrapsila Azhari , Nangoy Meis Jacinta , Ransaleh Tiltje Andretha , Wahyuni Indyah , Dako Safriyanto , Noviana Rachmitasari , Iskandriati Diah , Tumbelaka Ligaya ITA , Pamungkas Joko
Published: August 2019

Bats have been known as natural reservoirs for potential emerging infectious viruses, such as Lyssaviruses, Coronaviruses, Ebola viruses, Nipah virus, and many others. Because of their abudance in population, wide distribution and mobility, bats have a greater risk as source for zoonotic transmission than other animals. Despite the facts of their role as reservoirs for many pathogens, not until an epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, that people pay much attention about coronavirus in bats. SARS-like virus also found in bats with a higher prevalence rate. This study aims to detect the coronavirus of bats in Gorontalo province Indonesia, characterization at the molecular level of the coronavirus genome and determining the level of kinship (through trees filogenetic). This study was conducted as part of bigger PREDICT Indonesia project, in particular to examine coronavirus in bats from Gorontalo province, Indonesia.  As many as  95 rectal swab samples collected from flying foxes (Pteropus alecto) were analyzed in the laboratory using Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to amplify the target sequence from RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) gene with 434 basepair product, resulted 24 samples determined as presumptive positive. Eight out of 24 presumptive positive samples by PCR were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and confirmed coronavirus positive. Phylogenetic tree analyses to the eight coronavirus confirmed-sequences were constructed with MEGA-6.0 . The conclusion was 24 out of 95 samples suggested as presumptive positive to Bat CoV. Eight out of 24 samples were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and have similarities in the kinship. Three samples had the 98% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Indonesia and five samples were 85-88% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Thailand.
Concentration Of Cortisol Metabolites In Captive Sumatran Elephants At Elephant Conservation Facilities In Aceh
Authors: Wahyuni Rosa Rika , Wahyuni Sri , Azhar Al , Gholib Gholib
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to validate the DRG Cortisol ELISA EIA-1887 Germany kit for measure the concentration of stress hormone metabolites (cortisol) from the feces and its correlation to the stressor factor in captive elephants in PKG and CRU of Aceh. These factors are location, diet and presence of livestock. There is no special treatment, observation based on the activity, behavior or natural condition of the animals. The sampling technique was non invasive, fresh dung samples of each (±20 gram) were collected from 25 elephants in CRU and PKG. Feces taken in the morning (before the animals are bathed) along with the observation of animal behavior. All samples were collected and stored at -200C until the analysis process. The validation test are analytic (parallelilmsm) and biological validation test. The analytic test result (paralillsm), showed that the sample curve was not parallel to the standard curve, but crossed the standard curve. While the results of biological validation test, DRG Cortisol ELISA EIA-1887 Germany kit can measure the concentration of cortisol hormone feces of Sumatran elephant and able to describe the difference of cortisol concentration relation to physiological events (stress vs non-stress). The mean values of cortisol metabolite concentrations from PKG Saree (Komplek PKG and Hutan Seunapet), Sampoiniet CRU, Cot Girek, Das Peusangan, Meulaboh and Aceh Timur were (577 ng/g and 400 ng/g), 435ng /g, 419ng /g, 517ng / g, 401ng/g and 425ng /g. The measurement results correlate with the physiological conditions and observed  factors.
Enzyme Treatment Improves The Utilization Of Lupin-Based Diets By Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Khalil Mahmoud , Malecki Irek A. , El-Attrouny Mahmoud , Martin Graeme B.
Published: August 2019

In poultry, feeding diets including high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides limits growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and causes problems in health and welfare because of the production of wet droppings. This problem is becoming more important as pressure builds to reduce costs by using alternative sources of dietary protein, such as lupin grain, rather than fish- or soybean-meal. We therefore tested whether enzymes that break down non-starch polysaccharides can overcome the problems with a lupin-based diet fed to Japanese quail. Chicks (18 days old) were allocated among 8 treatments, each replicated 3 times, with 12 chicks per replicate (ie, 36 birds per treatment). Chicks were fed diets formulated to contain 24% crude protein and 12 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The diets included 10% or 20% lupin meal and, for each level of lupin, they were formulated in one of four ways: 1) no enzyme; 2) pectinase (1.4 U/g polygalacturonase and 0.2 U/g pectinesterase); 3) xylanase (1,4 endo-xylanase; 0.38 U/g); 4) combination of the above pectinase and xylanase treatments. The results indicated that, from age 28 days of age, both lupin content and enzyme treatment significantly (P 0.05) affected chick performance. Compared with the no-enzyme control, enzyme treatments improved growth at 35 days by 45-50% (P 0.05) and feed conversion ratio by 20-30% (P 0.05) for both levels of lupin content. In addition, dry matter digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly improved by the combined enzyme treatment for both levels of lupin inclusion. We conclude that pectinase and xylanase can overcome the negative effects of the non-starch polysaccharides in lupin meal, improving the growth of quail chicks fed lupin-based diets, and that the enzymes work best when combined.
Reproductive Performances of PE Doe in Simalungun District
Authors: Syawal Muhammad , Solehudin Solehudin
Published: August 2019

The success breeding business of PE goat is closely related to reproductive performance and mortality rates between maternal and calve so that a case study is needed on the reproductive performance of PE Doe. The study was conducted in Taruna Sejahtera Group in Simalungun District, North Sumatera. Twenty nine of PE Does was used. Method was case study. Data was taken from recording list and interview then anlyzed descriptively. The results showed that reproduction characteristics of PE Doe: puberty age 10 month, first mating age 14 month, litter sizes 2 heads, weaning age 2 month, days open 90 days (3 month), post partum mating 4-7 month, calving interval 10 month, milk production averaged 1,2 liter/head/day and parity 4-5 times/head.
Isolation Of Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumiae From Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Aceh
Authors: Hayati Zinatul , Rizal Syamsul , Putri Ridhia
Published: August 2019

Infection that occurs in Indonesia has increased more significantly than before, compared to the increasing bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) as the cause of infection. A study conducted in 5 hospitals in Indonesia in 2013 showed that the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria reached 32-68%. The objective of this study is to detect the prevalence and resistence pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. This study was conducted from 1 September 2016 to 31 December 2016. Specimen types included in this study were blood, sputum, urine, pus, mucosal swab, and another body fluids sample. The sampling method in this study was total sampling that is all clinical specimen examined in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Isolation and identification ESBL-producing bacteria was performed by VITEK-2 machine (Biomerieux). The result of this study is that a total 122 E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated. That consisted of 48 (39%) E. coli isolates and 74 (61%) K. pneumoniae isolates. From 48 E. coli isolates it was found out that 41 (85%) had ESBL phenotypes and from 74 K. pneumoniae isolates it was found out that 59 (80%) had ESBL phenotypes. In total, 100 (82%) isolates from 122 isolates had ESBL phenotypes. Distribution of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae based on sample was 24 (89%) isolates from the total of 27 urine isolates, 18 (95%) isolates from the total of 19 blood isolates, 28 (78%) isolates from the total of 36 sputum isolates, and 30 (75%) isolates from the total of 40 pus isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates had high sensitivity to amycasin dan meropenem which was above 89%. Meanwhile, it also had sensitivity to Fosfomycin and Piperacyclin-Tazobactam by 80% and 77% respectively. Another antibiotic was less effective
Feasibility Study of Financial Economic on Combination Goat Farming and Cacao Farm By Farmers
Authors: Rusdiana S , Hutasoit R.
Published: August 2019

The research was conducted in Sumber Harapan Village, Tinggi Raja District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2016, using field survey methods, questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was obtained from the local Livestock Service Office, primary data sourced from respondents by purposive random sampling, as many as 15 of goat farmer in scale of 3-5 heads / farmers and 10 cocoa farmers. Each farmer has a land area of around 1000 m2 and has 100 cocoa trees, producing around 5.7 to 6.5 kg/tree/ week. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economic feasibility analysis of B/C ratio. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility of goat and cocoa farming businesses. The results showed that, almost all of the land belonged by farmers. The farmer business continue to run well, the worker of the goats business and cocoa is quite different. For the goats business as much as 160.56 days/year and for cocoa businesses 262.28 days/year. The profit of goat as much 5.392.060 IDR/year B/C 1.8. The capital of expenditure was 1.714.200 IDR/year. So that the profits obtained 3.677.860 IDR/year. The advantage of cocoa farmers is 67.507.200 IDR/ year B/C 2.7, The capital of expenditure of 7.2142.00 IDR/year. So that the cocoa profits obtained of 60.293.000 IDR/year. It is concluded that the goat and cacao business can be profitable for farmers. Then the business as financially economically feasible to develop further.
The role of external factors on Rabies suspected cases in the City of Medan
Authors: Rasmaliah Rasmaliah , Hiswani Hiswani , Lubis Sri Novita
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Histamine Levels of Sie Balu After Gamma Irradiated.
Authors: Arham Arham , Nurliana Nurliana , Sugito Sugito
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Antibiotic Activities To Staphylococcus aureus Phospholipase Of Aceh Cattle Preputium Isolate
Authors: Dewi Maryulia , Adhayani Layli , Zuraidawati Zuraidawati , Erina Erina
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Survey to Investigate the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pet Owners on Animal Health Control in the City of Banda Aceh
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Sulaiman Rusli , Hamzah Abdullah , Razali Razali , Ramadhan Rezky , Habiburrahman Habiburrahman
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to obtain information on pet owners understanding toward animal health control, including zoonotic diseases, and animal welfare in the City of Banda Aceh. The survey was conducted by interview pet owners that visited 1 Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University and 2 veterinarian clinics in the City of Banda Aceh. A number of 51 pet owners were included as respondent in this study. The interview was conducted using a structure questionnaire, which contained of 72 questions, both open and close questions. The pet owners were interviewed for the knowledge, attitude, and practice on animal health control. Data obtained in this study were analysed descriptively using chi-square test. The results showed that most of the owners interviewed in three animal clinics in the City of Banda Aceh were keeping cats as their pet animals (98.04%), and a few proportion of them were the owner of dogs. At proportion of 60.78% of the pet owners were women, and men only 39.22%. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant association between knowledge, attitude, and practice on animal health control of the owners those visited the three clinics in the City of Banda Aceh. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the pet owners those visited animal clinics in Banda Aceh has a good knowledge, attitude, and practice on animal health control.
Potentially functional genetic variants in the c-Myb signaling pathway genes are associated with survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Guo Yi , Feng Yun , Liu Hongliang , Luo Sheng , Moorman Patricia G. , Patz Edward F. , Su Li , Shen Sipeng , Christiani David C. , Wei Qingyi
Published: August 2019

Background

The c-Myb signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation of cells and cell death, which are related to cancer progression and metastasis.

Methods

To test the hypothesis that genetic variants in the c-Myb pathway genes are associated with survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we used genotyping data from 1,185 NSCLC patients in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial as the discovery dataset and 984 NSCLC patients in the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study as the validation dataset. With genotyping data for 8587 SNPs in 83 genes of the c-Myb pathway from the PLCO dataset, we performed Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate association between each SNP and survival, and resultant significant SNPs were validated in the HLCS dataset and further evaluated for their functional relevance.

Results

Specifically, we found that ETS1 rs11606640 GA+AA and ZFHX3 rs62053220 CG+GG genotypes were associated with a favorable overall survival in NSCLC patients (Pdom=0.004 and 0.001, respectively) in a multivariable Cox model. These two validated SNPs were predicted by the RegulomeDB score to be potentially functional. In addition, ETS1 and ZFHX3 mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal lung tissues (P<0.05 for both SNPs). Furthermore, the TCGA-based expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed that ETS1 rs11606640 genotypes were significantly associated with their corresponding mRNA expression levels in lung cancer tissues in both additive and recessive models (Padd=0.045 and Prec=0.042), but such a phenotype-genotype correlation for ZFHX3 rs62053220 genotypes was found in only a dominant model (Pdom=0.048).

Conclusion

We identified two potentially functional SNPs (ETS1 rs11606640 G>A and ZFHX3 rs62053220 C>G) that are associated with survival in NSCLC patients. Additional larger studies are needed to validate our findings.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii strains isolated in the teaching hospitals Shahrekord, southwest Iran
Authors: Khaledi Mansoor , Abadi Milad Shahini Shams , Validi Majid , Zamanzad Behnam , Vafapour Rezvan , Gholipour Abolfazl
Published: August 2019

Objective

Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases produced by the A. baumanii strains isolated in the teaching hospitals in Shahrekord, southwest Iran.

Results

A total of 100 A. baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the strains were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes detected by PCR. Eighty five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A. baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.
Trends in maternal use of snus and smoking tobacco in pregnancy. A register study in Southern Norway
Authors: Rygh Ellen , Gallefoss Frode , Grøtvedt Liv
Published: August 2019

Background
The use of tobacco products including Swedish snus (moist snuff) in pregnancy may give adverse health outcomes. While smoking prevalence has decreased among fertile women in Norway, snus use has increased during the last years. We investigated whether these trends were reflected also during pregnancy in a population of women in Southern Norway.
Methods
Data on smoking tobacco and snus use at three time points before and during pregnancy for 20 844 women were retrieved from the electronic birth record for the years 2012-2017. The results for the three-year period 2015-2017 were compared with a previously studied period 2012-2014. Prevalence and quit rates of tobacco use within groups of age, parity and education were reported. Within the same groups adjusted quit rates were analyzed using logistic regression. Mean birthweight and Apgar score of offspring were calculated for tobacco-users and non-users.
Results
There was an increase of snus use before pregnancy from the period 2012-2014 to the period 2015-2017 from 5.1% (CI; 4.6 to 5.5) to 8.4% (CI; 7.8 to 8.9). Despite this, the use of snus during pregnancy did not increase from the first to the second period, but stabilized at 2.8% (CI; 2.5 to 3.2) in first trimester and 2.0% (CI; 1.7 to 2.2) in third trimester. Cigarette smoking decreased significantly both before and during pregnancy. Snus use and smoking during pregnancy gave a reduction in average birthweight, but no significant effects on Apgar scores. Odds ratios for quitting both snus and smoking tobacco during pregnancy were higher for women aged 25-34 years, for the primiparas and for those with a high level of education. Pregnant women were more likely to have quitted tobacco use in the last period compared to the first.

Conclusions
While smoking during pregnancy was decreasing, the use of snus remained constant, levelling off to around 3% in first trimester and 2% in third trimester. Approximately 25% of those that used snus, and 40% that smoked before pregnancy, continued through pregnancy. This implies the need for a continuous watch on the use of snus and other nicotine products during pregnancy.
Utilization, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Srivast Akanksha , Updhyay Ravi Praksah , Taneja Sunita , Bahl Rajiv , Martines Jose , Bhan Maharaj Kishan , Bhandari Nita , Mazumder Sarmila
Published: August 2019

Objectives

We estimated the utilisation, determinants and equity of full antenatal care (ANC), defined as 4 or more antenatal visits, at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) injection and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) for a minimum of 100 days, in India.

Methods

We used data from India’s National Family Health Survey-4. Concentration curves and concentration index were used to assess equity in full ANC utilisation. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with full ANC utilization.

Results

In India, 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3% - 65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for atleast 100 days, and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile(s), lack of father’s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across area of residence, caste and maternal education.

Conclusions

Full ANC utilization in India was inadequate and inequitable. Although half of the women did not receive the minimum recommended ANC visits, the utilisation of TT immunisation was almost universal. The positive association of full ANC with ICDS utilisation and child’s father involvement may be leveraged for increasing the uptake of full ANC. Strategies to address the socio-demographic factors associated with low and inequitable utilisation of full ANC are imperative for strengthening India’s maternal health program.
Validating a questionnaire to identify women in first trimester of pregnancy during preventive chemotherapy interventions against soil-transmitted helminths in North-western Tanzania
Authors: Mazigo Humphrey Deogratias , Montresor Antonio
Published: August 2019

Background

Women of reproductive age carry a large burden of disease from soil-transmitted helminths infections. Preventive chemotherapy with anthelminthic is an effective treatment to control soil-transmitted helminths morbidity. However, as a precautionary measure, the treatment of pregnant women is recommended only after the first trimester. This has resulted in many women of reproductive age be denied treatment because of doubt on their pregnancy status. The standard assessments of the pregnancy status (i.e. urine pregnancy rapid test or blood test) are too expensive to be used in mass drug administration campaigns. Thus, use of a simple alternative approach is recommended. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performances of a questionnaire in assessing the pregnancy status of women of reproductive age during preventive chemotherapy interventions.

Methodology

A questionnaire (20 questions) followed by rapid pregnancy test (RPT) were administered to a group of women of reproductive age in two districts in North-western Tanzania.

Results

A total of 1,217 women of reproductive age participated in the study. Overall, 10.8% of the women reported to be pregnant at the specific question in the questionnaire. The rapid pregnancy test identified 15.1% (184/1217) of the women to be pregnant. In total, 86.4% (114/1,217) of the women who reported to be pregnant during the interview were confirmed to be pregnant using the RPT. The question on pregnancy demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 62% and specificity 98.3%.

Conclusion

The questionnaire can be used to identify pregnant women in first trimester during preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The question on last date of start of menstrual period yield the highest sensitivity and appeared to be the key one to be used in combination with other questions. However, validation of these results in other countries with different cultures are needed to fully evaluate performance of this method.
Electronic data capture for large scale typhoid surveillance, household contact tracing, and health utilisation survey: Strategic Typhoid Alliance across Africa and Asia
Authors: Thindwa Deus , Farooq Yama G , Shakya Mila , Saha Nirod , Tonks Susan , Anokwa Yaw , Gordon Melita A , Hartung Carl , Meiring James E , Pollard Andrew J , Heyderman Robert S
Published: August 2019

Background

Electronic data capture systems (EDCs) have the potential to achieve efficiency and quality in collection of multisite data. We quantify volume, time, accuracy and costs of an EDC using large-scale census data from the STRATAA consortium, a comprehensive programme assessing population dynamics and epidemiology of typhoid fever in Malawi, Nepal and Bangladesh to inform vaccine and public health interventions.

Results

A census form was developed through a structured iterative process and implemented using Open Data Kit Collect running on Android-based tablets. Data were uploaded to Open Data Kit Aggregate, then auto-synced to MySQL-defined database nightly. Data were backed-up daily from 3 sites centrally, and auto-reported weekly. Pre-census materials’ costs were estimated. Demographics of 308,348 individuals from 80,851 households were recorded within average of 14.7 weeks range (13-16) using 65 fieldworkers. Overall, 21.7 errors (95% confidence interval: 21.4, 22.0) per 10,000 data points were found: 13.0 (95% confidence interval: 12.6, 13.5) and 24.5 (95% confidence interval: 24.1, 24.9) errors on numeric and text fields respectively. These values meet standard quality threshold of 50 errors per 10,000 data points. The EDC’s total variable cost was estimated at US$13,791.82 per site.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the EDC is robust, allowing for timely and high volume accurate data collection, and could be adopted in similar epidemiological settings.
Development of a Novel Tool for the Retrieval and Analysis of Hormone Receptor Expression Characteristics in Metastatic Breast Cancer via Data Mining on Pathology Reports
Authors: Chang Kai-Po , Wang John , Liao Cheng-Hsi , Chu Yen-Wei
Published: August 2019

Background

Information about the expression status of hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2 is crucial in the management and prognosis of breast cancer. Therefore, the retrieval and analysis of hormone receptor expression characteristics in metastatic breast cancer may be valuable in breast cancer study.

Methods

Herein, we report a text mining tool based on word/phrase matching that retrieves hormone receptor expression data of regional or distant metastatic breast cancer from pathology reports. It was tested on pathology reports at the China Medical University Hospital from 2013 to 2018.

Results

The tool showed specificities of 91.6% and 63.3% for the detection of regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, respectively. Sensitivity in immunohistochemical study result extraction in these cases was 98.6% for distant metastasis and 78.3% for regional lymph node metastasis. Statistical analysis on these retrieved data showed significant differences in PR and Her-2 expression between regional and metastatic breast cancer, which is compatible with previous studies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study shows that metastatic breast cancer hormone receptor expression characteristics can be retrieved by text mining. Algorithm designed in this study may be useful in future studies about text mining in pathology reports.
Keyword Extraction and Structuralization of Medical Reports
Authors: Tsai Ching-Wei , Wu Pei-Hao , Yu Avon , Koh Jia-Ling , Kuo Chin-Chi , Chen Arbee L.P.
Published: August 2019

In recent years, patients usually accept more accurate and detailed examinations because of the rapid advances in medical technology. Many of the examination reports are not represented in numerical data, but text documents written by the medical examiners based on the observations from the instruments and biochemical tests. If the above-mentioned unstructured data can be organized as a report in a structured form, it will help doctors to understand a patient's status of the various examinations more efficiently. Besides, further association analysis on the structuralized data can be performed to identify potential factors that affect a disease. In this paper, from the pathology examination reports of renal diseases, we applied the POS tagging results of natural language analysis to automatically extract the keyword phrases. Then a medical dictionary for various examination items in an examination report is established, which is used as the basic information for retrieving the terms to construct a structured form of the report. Moreover, a topical probability modeling method is applied to automatically discover the candidate keyword phrases of the examination items from the reports. Finally, a system is implemented to generate the structured form for the various examination items in a report according to the constructed medical dictionary. The results of the experiments showed that the methods proposed in this paper can effectively construct a structural form of examination reports. Furthermore, the keywords of the popular examination items can be extracted correctly. The above techniques will help automatic processing and analysis of medical text reports.
Electronic Medical Records for Discovery Research in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kartoun Uri , Aggarwal Rahul , Perer Adam , Park Yoonyoung , Zhang Ping , Luo Heng , Dey Sanjoy , Corey Kathleen , Ng Kenney
Published: August 2019

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent yet under-diagnosed and under-discussed disease. Given that NAFLD has not been explored sufficiently compared with other diseases, opportunities abound for scientists to discover new biomarkers (such as laboratory observations, current comorbidities, behavioral descriptors) that can be linked to the development of conditions and complications that may develop at a later stage of the patient’s life.

Methods: We analyzed IBM Explorys, a repository that contains electronic medical records (EMRs) of more than 50 million individuals. We used a classification algorithm that members of our group have previously validated to identify patients at a high probability for NAFLD. The algorithm identified more than 80,000 patients with a high probability for NAFLD who had at least 5 years of follow-up. We applied standard statistical methods (such as logistic regression and bootstrapping) and used Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) definitions to identify associations between a variety of covariates and disease outcomes.

Results: Our methodology identified several thousand strongly statistically significant associations between covariates and outcomes in NAFLD. Most of the associations are known, but others may be new and require further investigation in subsequent studies.

Conclusions: A discovery mechanism composed of standard statistical methods applied on a large collection of EMRs, confirmed known associations and identified potentially new associations that can act as biomarkers that might merit further research.
Technical advance articles Composite CDE: modeling composite relationships between common data elements for representing complex clinical data
Authors: Kim Hye Hyeon , Park Yu Rang , Kim Ju Han
Published: August 2019

Background

Semantic interoperability is essential for improving data quality and sharing. The ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata Registry (MDR) standard has been highlighted as a solution for standardizing and registering clinical data elements (DEs). However, the standard model has both structural and semantic limitations, and the number of DEs continues to increase due to poor term reusability. Semantic types and constraints are lacking for comprehensively describing and evaluating DEs on real-world clinical documents.

Methods

We addressed these limitations by defining three new types of semantic relationship (dependency, composite, and variable) in our previous studies. The present study further extended semantic types (hybrid atomic and repeated and dictionary composite common data elements [CDEs]) with four constraints: ordered, operated, required, and dependent. For evaluation, we extracted all atomic and composite CDEs from five major clinical documents from five teaching hospitals in Korea. Metadata reusability and semantic interoperability in real clinical settings were comprehensively evaluated by applying the CDEs with our extended semantic types and constraints.

Results

All of the CDEs (n=1142) extracted from the 25 clinical documents were successfully integrated with a very high CDE reuse ratio (46.9%) into 606 CDEs (259 atomic and 20 unique composite CDEs), which improved the semantic integrity and interoperability without any semantic loss. Moreover, the most complex data structures from two CDE projects were successfully encoded with rich semantics and semantic integrity.

Conclusion

MDR-based extended semantic types and constraints can facilitate comprehensive representation of clinical documents with rich semantics and improved semantic interoperability without semantic loss.
Exome sequencing identified two novel COL10A1 heterozygous mutations in two irregular dominance Chinese pedigrees with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Authors: Kong Lingchi , Shi Li , Wang Wenbo , Zuo Rongtai , Wang Mengwei , Kang Qinglin
Published: August 2019

Background
Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by COL10A1 mutations, which is characterized by short stature, waddling gait, coxa vara and bowing of the long bones. However, the research about unusual phenotype features of MCDS is rare.

Methods
Two probands and available family members affected with MCDS were subjected to clinical and radiological examination. Genomic DNA of all affected individuals underwent whole-exome sequencing, and candidate mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in all available family members and 250 donors. Then the spatial model of type X collagen (α1) C-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain was further constructed.

Results
We found that the affected family members exhibited evident irregular dominance. Mutation analysis indicated that there were two novel heterozygous missense mutations [c.1765T>A (p.Phe589Ile)] and [c.1846A>G (p.Lys616Glu)] in the COL10A1 gene in family 1 and 2, respectively. The two novel substitution sites were highly conserved and the mutations were predicted to be remarkably deleterious in silico analysis. Furthermore, protein modeling revealed that the two substitutions located in the NC1 domain of collagen X (α1), which potentially impacted the trimerization of collagen X (α1) and combination with molecules in pericellular matrix.

Conclusion
Two novel mutations were identified in the present study, which facilitated to diagnose MCDS and further expanded the spectrum of the COL10A1 mutations associated with MCDS patients. In addition, our research preliminarily elaborated the phenotype features and heredity characteristics of MCDS based on the two Chinese pedigrees.
Association of PD-1 polymorphisms with the risk and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in the northeastern Chinese Han population
Authors: huang Kun , Hu Erqiang , Li Wan , Lv Junjie , He Yuehan , Deng Gui , Xiao Jinling , Yang Chengcheng , Zhao Xinyu , Chen Lina , Wang Xinyan
Published: August 2019

Introduction
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The marker of progression in lung adenocarcinoma has been rarely studied. PD-1 is an effective drug target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The study of the effect of polymorphism on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma in the Han population of Northeast China may provide a valuable reference for the research and application of these drugs.
Methods
Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and classification efficacy assessment were used to teste SNPs of PD-1 in 287 patients and combined with clinical information.
Results
We successfully identified biomarkers (rs2227981, rs2227982, and rs3608432) that could distinguish the early stages and late stages of lung adenocarcinoma. Multiple clinical indicators showed significant differences among different SNP typing and cancer stages. Furthermore, this gene was confirmed to effectively distinguish the staging of lung adenocarcinoma with RNA-seq data in TCGA.
Conclusions
This indicated that the PD-1 gene and the SNPs on it could be used as markers for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma staging in the Northeast Han population.
Compound heterozygous LPIN2 pathogenic variants in a Majeed Syndrome patient with recurrent fever and severe neutropenia: case report
Authors: liu jun , Hu Xu-Yun , Zhao Zhi-Peng , Guo Ruo-Lan , Guo Jun , Li Wei , Hao Chan-Juan , Xu Bao-Ping
Published: August 2019

Background

Majeed syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder first described in 1989. The syndrome starts during infancy with recurrent relapses of osteomyelitis typically associated with fever, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) and often neutrophilic dermatosis. Mutations in the LPIN2 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 18 have been identified as being responsible for the Majeed syndrome.

Case presentation

We report a 8-month old boy, who presented with recurrent fever, mild to moderate anemia and severe neutropenia. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated. Molecular studies identified a paternal splicing donor site variant c.2327+1G>C and a maternal frameshift variant c.1691_1694delGAGA (Arg564Lysfs*3)in LPIN2.

Conclusions

Up to now, only a few cases with LPIN2 mutation have been reported, mainly in the Middle East with homozygous variants. Our patient exhibited a mild clinical phenotype and severe neutropenia, distinct from previously reported.