bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water (SHOW) from a high altitude airplane:
Characterization, performance and first results
Authors: Langille Jeffery , Letros Daniel , Bourassa Adam , Solheim Brian , Degenstein Doug , Dupont Fabien , Zawada Daniel
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water instrument (SHOW) is a limb-sounding satellite prototype that utilizes the Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy Technique (SHS), operating in a limb-viewing configuration, to observe limb-scattered sunlight in a vibrational band of water vapour within a spectral window from 1363 nm to 1366 nm. The goal is to retrieve high vertical and horizontal resolution measurements of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The prototype instrument has been configured for observations from NASA’s ER-2 high altitude airborne remote science airplane. Flying at a maximum altitude of ~ 21.34 km with a maximum speed of ~ 760 km/hr, the ER-2 provides a stable platform to simulate observations from a low-earth orbit satellite. Demonstration flights were performed from the ER-2 during an observation campaign from July 15–July 22, 2017. In this paper, we present the laboratory characterization work and the Level 0 to Level 1 processing of flight data that was obtained during an engineering flight performed on July 18th, 2017. Water vapour profile retrievals are presented and compared to in situ radiosonde measurements made of the same approximate column of air. These measurements are used to validate the SHOW measurement concept and examine the sensitivity of the technique.
Short Communication: Monitoring rock falls with the Raspberry
Shakes
Authors: Manconi Andrea , Coviello Velio , Galletti Maud , Seifert Reto
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We evaluate the performance of the low-cost seismic sensors Raspberry Shake (RS) to identify and monitor rock fall activity in alpine environments. The test area is a slope adjacent to the Great Aletsch glacier in the Swiss Alps, i.e. the Moosfluh deep-seated instability, which is undergoing an acceleration phase since the late summer 2016. A local seismic network composed of three RS seismometers was deployed starting from May 2017, in order to record rock fall activity and its relation with the progressive rock slope degradation potentially leading to a large rock slope failure. Here we present a first assessment of the seismic data acquired from RS sensors after a monitoring period of 1-year. A webcam was installed on the opposite side of the active slope, acquiring images every 10 minutes to validate the occurrence and identify rock falls as well as their location and approximate size. Despite seismic data were collected mainly to identify rock fall phenomena, other event types were recorded during the monitoring period. Thus, this work provides also general insights on the potential use of low cost sensors in environmental seismology investigations.
Hydrogen isotope fractionation affects the identification and
quantification of tree water sources in a riparian forest
Authors: Barbeta Adrià , Jones Sam P. , Clavé Laura , Wingate Lisa , Gimeno Teresa E. , Fréjaville Bastien , Wohl Steve , Ogée Jérôme
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We investigated plant-water sources of an emblematic refugial population of Fagus sylvatica (L.) in the Ciron river gorges in South-Western France using stable isotopes. The stable isotopes of water are a powerful tracer of water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. It is generally assumed that no isotopic fractionation occurs during root water uptake, and that xylem water isotopes effectively reflect source water isotopes. However, recent studies showed that under certain conditions the isotopes in plant water do not reflect any of the potential sources considered. Highly resolved datasets covering a range of environmental conditions could shed light on possible plant-soil fractionations processes. In this study, the hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions of all potential tree water sources and xylem water were measured bi-weekly over an entire growing season. Using Bayesian isotope mixing models (MixSIAR), we then quantified the contribution of the considered sources to xylem water of F. sylvatica and Quercus robur (L.) trees. Based on δ18O data alone, both species used a mix of top and deep soil water over the season, with Q. robur using soil water relatively deeper than F. sylvatica. The contribution of stream water appeared to be marginal despite the proximity of the trees to the stream, as already reported for other riparian forests. Xylem water δ18O could always be interpreted as a mixture of deep and shallow soil waters, but the δ2H of xylem water was often more depleted than any other possible water source. We argue that an isotopic fractionation in the unsaturated zone and/or within the plant tissues could underlie this unexpected δ2H depletion of xylem water, as already observed in halophytic and xerophytic species. By means of a sensitivity analysis, we found that the estimation of plant-water sources using isotope mixing models was largely affected by this isotopic δ2H depletion. A better understanding of what causes this isotopic separation between xylem and source water is urgently needed.
A framework for likelihood functions of deterministic hydrological
models
Authors: Ammann Lorenz , Reichert Peter , Fenicia Fabrizio
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The widespread application of deterministic hydrological models in research and practise calls for suitable methods to describe their uncertainty. The errors of those models are often heteroscedastic, non-Gaussian and correlated due to the memory effect of errors in state variables. Still, the residual error models used to describe them are usually highly simplified, often neglecting some of the mentioned characteristics. This is partly because general approaches to account for all of those characteristics are lacking, and partly because the benefits of more complex error models in terms of achieving better predictions are unclear. For example, the joint inference of autocorrelation and hydrological model parameters has been shown to lead to poor predictions. This study presents a framework for likelihood functions for deterministic hydrological models that considers correlated errors and allows for an arbitrary probability distribution of observed streamflow. The choice of this distribution reflects prior knowledge about non-normality of the errors. The framework was used to evaluate increasingly complex error models with data of varying temporal resolution (daily to hourly) in two catchments. We found that (1) the joint inference of hydrological and error model parameters leads to poor predictions when conventional error models with stationary correlation are used, which confirms previous studies, (2) the quality of these predictions worsens with higher temporal resolution of the data, (3) accounting for a non-stationary autocorrelation of the errors, i.e. allowing it to vary between wet and dry periods, largely alleviates the observed problems, and (4) accounting for autocorrelation leads to more realistic model output as shown by signatures such as the Flashiness Index. Overall, this study contributes to a better description of residual errors of deterministic hydrological models.
Effects of midwinter snowmelt on runoff generation and
groundwater recharge in the Canadian prairies
Authors: Pavlovskii Igor , Hayashi Masaki , Itenfisu Daniel
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Snowpack accumulation and depletion are important elements of the hydrological cycle in the prairies. The surface runoff generated during snowmelt is transformed into streamflow or fills numerous depressions driving the focused recharge of groundwater in this dry setting. The snowpack in the prairies can undergo several cycles of accumulation and depletion in a winter. The timing of the melt affects the mechanisms of snowpack depletion and their hydrological implications. The effects of midwinter melt were investigated at three sites in the Canadian prairies. Unlike net radiation-driven snowmelt during spring melt, turbulent sensible heat fluxes were the dominant source of energy inputs for midwinter melt occurring in the period with low solar radiation inputs. Midwinter melt events had lower runoff ratios than subsequent spring melt events and had strong impacts on the timing of the focussed recharge. Remote sensing data have shown that midwinter melt events regularly occur under the present climate throughout the Canadian prairies.
Multi-source data assimilation for physically based hydrological modeling of an experimental hillslope
Authors: Botto Anna , Belluco Enrica , Camporese Matteo
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Data assimilation has recently been the focus of much attention
for integrated surface–subsurface hydrological models, whereby joint
assimilation of water table, soil moisture, and river discharge measurements
with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been extensively applied. Although
the EnKF has been specifically developed to deal with nonlinear models,
integrated hydrological models based on the Richards equation still represent
a challenge, due to strong nonlinearities that may significantly affect the
filter performance. Thus, more studies are needed to investigate the
capabilities of the EnKF to correct the system state and identify parameters
in cases where the unsaturated zone dynamics are dominant, as well as to
quantify possible tradeoffs associated with assimilation of multi-source
data. Here, the CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) model is applied to reproduce the hydrological dynamics
observed in an experimental two-layered hillslope, equipped with
tensiometers, water content reflectometer probes, and tipping bucket flow
gages to monitor the hillslope response to a series of artificial rainfall
events. Pressure head, soil moisture, and subsurface outflow are assimilated
with the EnKF in a number of scenarios and the challenges and issues arising
from the assimilation of multi-source data in this real-world test case are
discussed. Our results demonstrate that the EnKF is able to effectively
correct states and parameters even in a real application characterized by
strong nonlinearities. However, multi-source data assimilation may lead to
significant tradeoffs: the assimilation of additional variables can lead to
degradation of model predictions for other variables that are otherwise well
reproduced. Furthermore, we show that integrated observations such as outflow
discharge cannot compensate for the lack of well-distributed data in
heterogeneous hillslopes.
Technical note: GUARD – an automated fluid sampler preventing sample alteration by contamination, evaporation and gas exchange, suitable for remote areas and harsh conditions
Authors: Hartmann Arno , Luetscher Marc , Wachter Ralf , Holz Philipp , Eiche Elisabeth , Neumann Thomas
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Automated water sampling devices adapted to field operation have proven highly useful
for environmental research as well as in the public and private sectors,
where natural or artificial waters need to be tested regularly for compliance
with environmental and health regulations. Such autosamplers are already
available on the market in slightly differing versions, but none of these
devices are capable of sealing the collected samples to prevent sample
alteration by contamination, evaporation or gas exchange. In many sampling
cases, however, this feature is essential, for instance for studying the
hydrological cycle based on isotopes in rainwater, or for monitoring waters
contaminated with toxic gases or other volatile compounds detrimental to
biota and human health. Therefore, we have developed a new mobile
autosampler, which injects water samples directly into airtight vials, thus
preventing any sample alteration. Further advantages include low production
costs, compact dimensions and low weight allowing for easy transport, a wide
range of selectable sampling intervals as well as a low power consumption,
which make it suitable for long-term applications even in remote areas and
harsh (outdoor) conditions due to its heavy-duty water-proof casing. In this
paper, we demonstrate (1) the sampler's mechanical functioning, (2) the
long-term stability of the collected samples with regard to evaporation and
gas exchange and (3) the potential of our device in a wide variety of
applications drawing on laboratory and field experiments in different karst
caves, which represent one of the most challenging sampling environments.
The temporal variability of oxygen inventory in the NE Black Sea
slope water
Authors: Ostrovskii Alexander G. , Zatsepin Andrey G. , Solovyev Vladimir A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The time series of vertical profiles of hydrophysical parameters and dissolved oxygen are critical for identifying trends in water column stratification, mixing, and ventilation in the Black Sea. Due to global warming, warm winters have recently become common over the Black Sea, and the temperature in the cold intermediate layer (CIL) is increasing. Regular measurements that are as frequent as every 2 h were performed using a moored profiler near the shelf break at a depth of 220 m in the northeastern Black Sea from January to early March 2016 to assess the temporal dynamics of the oxygen inventory over the upper part of the continental slope on timescales from hours to months. The moored profiler was equipped with a sensor suite that included the CTD 52-MP CTD with the fast oxygen sensor SBE43F and the acoustic Doppler current meter Nortek Aquadopp 2 MHz, which allowed for direct observations of the CIL temperature, the pycnocline structure, the current velocity and the oxygen stratification, in particular, the depths of the hypoxia onset. The average oxygen inventory below a depth of 30 m was 24.9 mol m−2. Relatively high/low oxygen inventory cases were related to the thin/thick main pycnocline that was associated with the inshore/offshore location of the Black Sea Rim Current. The pycnocline hindered the vertical transport of oxygenated water to the CIL. The new CIL emerged by horizontal advection above the pycnocline only at the end of the observational survey. The vertical displacements of the hypoxia onset depth ranged from 97–170 m, while the shelf edge depth in this region usually ranges from 90–100 m. Intermittently, the hypoxia boundary depth fluctuated on two-time scales: ~ 17 h due to the inertial oscillations and approximately 5 days due to the current meanders and eddies. Further efforts are urgently needed for monitoring the rise of hypoxia onset depth above the shelf break in the Black Sea.
Automatic Measurement and Characterization of the Dynamic
Properties of Tethered Membrane Wings
Authors: Hummel Jan , Göhlich Dietmar , Schmehl Roland
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The performance of an airborne wind energy system crucially depends on the aerodynamic, structural dynamic and flight dynamic properties of the tethered wing. In the scope of this paper, flight dynamic properties are determined against reproducible steering inputs. Current design methods for highly flexible membrane wings have achieved a mature product level by combining iterative testing with empirical and intuitive variation of wing parameters. However, for significant further improvements, experimental data of high quality is indispensable. We have developed a tow test setup for reproducible measurement of the dynamic properties of different types of tethered membrane wings. The test procedure is based on repeatable automated maneuvers with the entire kite system under realistic conditions. By measuring line forces and line angles, we determine the aerodynamic coefficients and the lift-to-drag ratio as functions of the length ratio between power and steering lines. This non-dimensional parameter characterizes the angle-of-attack of the wing and is varied automatically by the control unit on the towed test bench. During each towing run, several test cycles are executed such that mean values can be determined and errors can be minimized. We can conclude from this study that an objective measurement of specific dynamic properties of highly flexible membrane wings is feasible. The presented tow test method is suitable for quantitatively assessing and comparing different wing designs. The method represents an essential milestone for the development and characterization of tethered membrane wings as well as for the validation and improvement of simulation models. On the basis of this work, more complex maneuvers and a full degree of automation can be implemented in subsequent work. It can also be used for aerodynamic parameter identification.
Potency of Agroindustrial Wastewaters for Increasing Dissolution of Phosphate Rock Fertilizers
Authors: Niswati Ainin , Yusnaini Sri , Sarno .
Published: August 2018

Agroindustrial wastewaters were considered not maximum used in Lampung Province since it has acidic properties that can be used as an acid solvent. This study aimed was to explore the most potential agroindustrial wastewaters in dissolving phosphate rock by acidulation in the laboratory scale. The experimen were arranged by factorial i.e. first factor were phosphate rock origin (Sukabumi, west Java and Selagailingga, central Lampung) and second factor was kinds of solvent (agroindustrial wastewaters of pineapple, tapioca, tofu industry, and palm oil as well as a conventional acid solvent such as HCl, H2SO4, and CH3COOH).  The incubation process were 0, 1, 2, and 3 month. The results showed that agroindustrial wastewaters that have highest potency for solubizing phosphate rock was industrial tofu wastewaters and followed by industrial wastewaters of tapioca, palm oil, and pineapple. Both the conventional  acid  and  agroindustrial  wastewaters    solvent  have  a  big  potency  for  solubilize  phosphate  rock, however, its highest soluble P-value was not match with the ISO criteria for phosphate fertilizers Quality I (SNI) because it has not reached the solubility of 80% of its total P2O5, but has been qualified as a fertilizer both the quality phosphate A, B, and C (SNI).Keywords: Acidulation, agroindustrial wastewater, P fertilizer, phosphate rock [How to Cite: Ainin N, S Yusnaini and Sarno. 2014. Potency of Agroindustrial Wastewaters to Increase the Dissolution of Phosphate Rock Fertilizers. J Trop Soils 19: 43-51. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.43]
The army nurse practitioner transition to practice program
Authors: Yackel Edward , Blaz Daniel , Franklin Brad , Northrup Grace
Published: August 2018

The Army Nurse Corps established a Transition to Practice Program (TPP) to better position Army NPs to excel in complex clinical environments. The purpose of the TPP was to provide a structured educational transition to clinical practice for new graduate Advance Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). A small pilot (test-of-change) was conducted at two Army hospitals. The results of the pilot indicated that length of time was the most important factor for the program. Findings during this pilot implementation were limited, but provide great insight into revising the program in order to produce skilled and confident Army APRNs.
Executive Incentives and Maximization of the Value of Stakeholders ——Regulating Effects Based on the Independent Director
Authors: Yu Qitong , Lin Zili , Deng Chang
Published: August 2018

Salary incentives mechanism is the main approach used by corporations to solve the agency issues between the management and shareholders. From the perspective of maintaining the maximum of stakeholders’ value, this paper, using the data of A-share listed companies between 2012 and 2016, examines the effectiveness of cash compensation and equity-based incentives. Whether the relationship between the two can be regulated by the introduction of the independent director is further discussed. The empirical results indicate that cash compensation effectively increase the executive’s concern about the interests of stakeholders, while equity-based incentives do just the opposite. In addition, regardless of the proportion of independent director, its regulating effects on the relationship between the two above is negative, causing an adverse effect on the executive’s corporate governance in the light of maximization of the value of stakeholders.
Physiological Potential Evaluation of Myracrodruon urundeuva Stored Diaspores
Authors: Barboza Vanessa Renata de Sousa , Silva Monalisa Alves Diniz da , Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade , Gonçalves Edilma Pereira , Viana Jeandson Silva
Published: August 2018

The conservation of seeds in an appropriate location combined with the utilization of rapid tests for monitoring the physiological aspects is essential for quality seedlings. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspore under different periods and storage environments, and verify the testing of individual exudate pH in the physiological monitoring. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 × 8 (8 periods of storage and 2 storage environments) with four replications of 25 diaspores, using the Tukey test at 5% probability for average comparisons. After analysis of variance, it was performed regression analysis for the quantitative factor and simple Pearson correlation test. The variables analyzed were moisture content, seedling emergence (E) emergence velocity index (IVE), mean emergence time (TME) and the pH of the individual exudate. The results of E, IVE, TME tests indicated that the Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores could be stored for ten months in room fridge, with low vigor loss. The pH test individual exudate showed lower estimates of simple Pearson correlation with the emergence test, not monitoring the physiological potential of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores.
Coffee Production Systems: Evaluation of Intercropping System in Coffee Plantations in Rwanda
Authors: Harelimana A. , Le Goff G. , Ntirushwa Rukazambuga D. T. , Hance T.
Published: August 2018

Intercropping is an agricultural practice consisting in planting two or several crops in the same field simultaneously. This production system appeared to offer an excellent several advantages. While intercropping has been widely practiced since ancestral times, there was a lack of data in Rwanda on the kind of intercrops mostly used and on farmers’ perception of their utility and constraints. The main objectives of this work were (1) to assess the different food crops associated with coffee trees in Rwanda and (2) to determine the perception of farmers on the role of intercropping system. That was why a field survey was carried out between August 25th, 2014 and February 28th, 2015 in Kamonyi District of Rwanda. Seventy-five coffee producers were randomly selected and contacted to fill a questionnaire on their practices. The correlation between yield and pesticide application were performed using R version. The significance level P was set at 0.05. Results revealed that common beans (Pheseolus vulgaris L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) were the most coffee intercropped plants. It appeared that intercropping was practiced to ensure the production of staple crops beside coffee. Insecticide remained the main way to control coffee pests and there was thus an important work to find alternative solutions that are often ecologically non-disruptive. Plant breeders and extension agents should investigate plants that are suitable to intercrop with coffee trees in order to enhance the conservation agriculture.
Agronomic and Anatomical Indicators of Dwarfism and Graft Incompatibility in Citrus Plants
Authors: Carvalho Waleska S. G. de , Marinho Cláudia S. , Arantes Mayara B. de S. , Campbell Glaziele , Amaral Bruno D. , Cunha Maura Da
Published: August 2018

Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito) Swingle is a rootstock used in Brazilian citriculture for its potential to induce dwarfism and the viability of densified crops. Its recommendation is still restricted due to lack of research on the performance and compatibility of different types of scion under specific conditions of soil and climate. The aim of this study was to correlate plant size and productive efficiency with anatomical indicators of dwarfism or graft incompatibility between citrus scion cultivars and the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange (FD) and ‘Rangpur Lime’ (RL) as rootstocks. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with split plots, with the experiment conducted in an orchard from the fourth to the sixth year of cultivation, under localised irrigation. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks (FD and RL) in the plots and five scion cultivars (Tahiti acid lime, and Natal, Navel, Lima Sorocaba and Pera oranges) in the sub-plots, with four replications per treatment. The agronomic performance of the plants was evaluated, together with the characteristics of samples containing the cambial zone and secondary xylem below, above and within the graft region. The FD rootstock gives the smallest size and greatest productive efficiency. The ‘Navel’ orange has good anatomical plasticity, adjusting itself more efficiently to the rootstocks. Visual symptoms of incompatibility between the ‘Pera’ orange grafted onto the FD can be seen at 64 months after planting. Vessel size and frequency, as well as the size and disposition of the cambial zone, are related to dwarfism and graft incompatibility.
Carbon Management Index and Carbon Stock of a Cohesive Oxisol Under Different in the Region Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Paes Ésio de Castro , Dias Fabiane Pereira Machado , Fernandes Iara Oliveira , Pereira Elisângela Gonçalves , Leite Elton da Silva , de Lima José Maria , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil organic carbon fractions and the carbon management index (CMI) in a cohesive oxisol under different uses. Conventional cassava planting (CC), pasture (PP), and 7- and 12-year agroforestry systems (AF7 and AF12, respectively), were tested against secondary forest (SF). Soil samples of these areas were physically fractionated in order to determine total organic matter (TOC) as well as the labile- (LOC) and non-labile (NOC) fractions of the soil organic matter, as well as carbon management index (CMI). Total organic C ranged from 14.17 to 27.20 g kg-1 of soil, showing no differences in the surface layer among the land uses as compared to the secondary forest. No differences were found in the surface layer for LOC as well, except for the AF12 where LOC was higher. This condition accounts for higher microbial activity and nutrient cycling in the soil. This system also showed higher CMI values, pointing to a better response of soil quality under long-term agroforestry system. This system improved soil organic matter, regardless of the depth. On the other hand, conventional cassava and planted pasture systems reduced carbon in soil. In conclusion, the agroforestry system is the best choice of farmers, when they seek for better soil quality.
Scaled Semivariogram in the Sample Planning of Soils Cultivated With Sugarcane
Authors: Sória José Eduardo , Tavanti Renan Francisco Rimoldi , Alves Marcelo , Andreotti Marcelo , Montanari Rafael
Published: August 2018

Sugarcane cultivation has expanded in areas previously occupied by degraded pastures. In the first years of cultivation, besides the physical and chemical restrictions of the soils, other factors can make impossible the maximum productive expression of the crop, like the climatic and edaphic factors. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal sampling density and spatial variability of the physical and chemical attributes of soils cultivated with sugarcane. Georeferenced data provided by the Sugarcane Technology Center (STC) of an area of approximately 19,000 hectares located in the northwest region of São Paulo were evaluated. The granulometric fractions of the soils and organic matter contents and base saturation were determined at depths of 0.00-0.25 and 0.25-0.50 m. An index named edaphic environment (ENV) was calculated based on the records of rainfall of the areas and the productivity of the sugarcane, being represented with aptitude scores ranging from 0 (worst condition) to 10 (best condition). The results showed a strong correlation between clay and organic matter attributes with ENV index. Regions with aptitude ≥ 6.65 of ENV index corresponded to sites with clay (CL) and organic matter (OM) content above 335 g kg-1 and 30 g kg-3, respectively. Only 10.86% of the area presented base saturation (V%) concentration ≥ 68%, correlating positively with CL and ENV. Through the scaled semivariogram it was possible to verify that a density of sampling of a sample to each 18 ha can be used for a mapping in macroscale of the evaluated attributes in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo.
Water Stress Affect Germination, Seed Vigor and Seedlings Growth of Bidens subalternans
Authors: Sousa Erivanessa C. , Matias Janete R. , Pamplona Juliana P. , Carvalho Sara M. C. , Mesquita Helida C. , Oliveira Fernando S. , Paiva Emanoela P. , Silva Daniel V. , Torres Salvador B.
Published: August 2018

The beggartick (Bidens subalternans L.) is one of the main weeds present in agricultural crops, capable of adapting to different environmental conditions. The water stress caused by water deficiency can affect the germination of weed seeds and, consequently, their capacity to colonize the agroecosystem. Knowledge of germination under water stress can be important to obtain an adequate management of the species in the agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of water stress on the germination process and vigor of two batches of Bidens subalternans seeds under different osmotic agents. It was completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replicates of 25 seeds. The treatments were arranged in factorial 6 × 2, with the first factor corresponding six levels of osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa) and the second the batches (Pernambuco and Ceará). For the simulation of the water stress, the test of germination was installed in substrate paper blotting, moistened with solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and mannitol. The analyzed variables were germination, germination speed index, length and seedling dry mass. Water stress reduced germination, seed vigor and growth of seedlings in all batches of B. subalternans. Seeds of B. subalternans presented greater tolerance to stress induced by mannitol than to PEG-6000 in terms of germination and germination speed index. Regardless of the osmotic agent used for stress induction, B. subalternans seeds did not tolerate water stress higher than -0.4 MPa.
Wood Ash as a Corrective and Fertilizer in Safflower Crop in Oxisol of Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Bonfim-Silva Edna M. , Santos Tulio M. , Dourado Luana G. A. , Silva Camila T. R. , Fenner William , Silva Tonny J. A.
Published: August 2018

This study aimed at estimating the wood ash as a corrective and fertilizer in the safflower crop. This study was done with respect to the development, growth, and production of safflower in response to the wood ash doses applied to Oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Adopting the completely randomized design and using five wood ash doses (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 g dm-3) and six replicates, the experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions. Each experimental unit included a 2 dm3 pot, filled with soil that had been incubated earlier for 30 days. The variables studied included soil pH, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (plant-1), SPAD index, internal and external diameters of the chapters (cm), number of chapters (plant-1), chapters dry mass (g pot-1), shoot dry mass (g pot-1), volume (cm3 pot-1) and root dry mass (g pot-1) Analysis of variance and subsequent regression test were performed for all the data using SISVAR software, at 5% probability for both. The variables internal and external diameter of the chapters and root volume showed no significant differences. The soil pH revealed a significant effect of the wood ash application tending towards linearity, as did the other vegetative variables of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and SPAD index. The productive constituents exhibited improved development when the wood ash was applied to the soil in doses of around 24 g dm-3 or more.
Factorized enhancement of Copson's inequality
Authors: Manna Atanu
Published: August 2018

This paper dealt with the factorized enhancement of Copson's inequality and improves one of the results given by Leindler.
Maio de 68 e o “efeito Bourdieu”: críticas ao estruturalismo althusseriano e ao reprodutivismo bourdieusiano em Jacques Rancière
Authors: Vojniak Fernando
Published: August 2018

Este artigo compõe-se de uma apresentação e uma análise das principais críticas ao reprodutivismo assinaladas por Jacques Rancière, desde seu afastamento do estruturalismo althusseriano no fim dos anos 1960, até suas críticas mais recentes ao reprodutivismo, especialmente aquelas relacionadas à noção de “redução das desigualdades” que aparece no pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu. Nesta análise, também são apresentados alguns aspectos das concepções sobre história, política e igualdade no pensamento de Jacques Rancière. Palavras-chave: RANCIÈRE, Jacques, 1940-. Estruturalismo. ALTHUSSER, Louis, 1918-1990. Reprodutivismo. BORDIEU, Pierre, 1930-2002.
La izquierda peronista de los años sesenta como fenómeno argentino de la llamada nueva izquierda
Authors: Friedemann Sergio
Published: August 2018

La llamada nueva izquierda fue un fenómeno surgido en los años cincuenta a escala trasnacional, y no son pocas las resonancias que tuvo en Argentina. Sin embargo, aunque desde el campo académico argentino se ha enfocado frecuentemente el estudio de los años sesenta y setenta a través de dicha categoría, no encontramos localmente grupos políticos o experiencias intelectuales de relevancia que hayan asumido como propia esa caracterización del mismo modo a lo sucedido en Europa y Estados Unidos, e incluso en otros países de América Latina. Como categoría analítica aplicable al caso argentino, requiere ser definida de modo tal que las experiencias concretas puedan ser ubicadas dentro o fuera de esa delimitación. Como se verá, la categoría no siempre resulta útil a la hora de definir un sujeto político particular. Estudios sobre expresiones políticas diversas han encontrado similares dificultades a la hora de ubicar a su objeto de estudio dentro o fuera de la llamada nueva izquierda. En caso de utilizar esta categoría de modo analítico, argumentaremos que el fenómeno de la izquierda peronista fue una de sus mayores expresiones locales, aunque no siempre los trabajos académicos sobre el tema coinciden en torno a la relación entre ambas categorías. Palabras clave: Izquierda Peronista. Nueva Izquierda. Años Sesenta y Setenta. Marxismo. Peronismo.
Machine learning for cross-scale geomorphometric classification of landforms: a day at the beach
Authors: Shortridge Ashton , Queen Clayton , Arbogast Alan
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the use of random forests and spatial random forests (RFsp) for the classification of coastal dune areas along 41km of Lake Michigan’s shoreline using a lidar- derived DEM. Terrain variables across a range of spatial neighborhood scales are utilized, and for two different cell resolutions. Distance is explicitly incorporated into the RFsp models through the calculation of buffer distances around small numbers (6-13) of gridded points in the study area. While classification accuracy is high generally, RFsp produced much more accurate results. At the fine scale, topographic variables and their neighborhood ranges were not predictive of dune areas, perhaps because large (> 0.1 hectare) neighborhoods were not tested at that scale. At the coarse scale these variables were much more important. The use of small numbers of gridded (non-sample) points to improve spatial prediction warrants further investigation.
Model reference discrete‐time variable structure control
Authors: Bartoszewicz Andrzej , Adamiak Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a new reaching law–based model reference quasi‐sliding mode control strategy for discrete‐time dynamical systems. The strategy ensures the quasi‐sliding mode attributes defined in the seminal paper of Gao et al, but at the same time, it offers essentially improved system robustness. In particular, it is demonstrated that the application of the reference model results in the decreased width of the quasi‐sliding mode band and guarantees smaller errors of all state variables.
Efficient Transdermal Delivery of DNA Nanostructures Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Yang Gabsik , Lee Hye Eun , Shin Seung Won , Um Soong Ho , Lee Jung Dae , Kim Kyu‐Bong , Kang Han Chang , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Lee Hye Suk , Lee Joo Young
Published: August 2018

DNA nanostructures have been widely studied in biomedical research contributing to targeted treatment of chronic diseases. The immunostimulatory XL‐DNA nanostructures of X‐shaped oligodeoxynucleotides complex are previously reported, activating toll‐like receptor9 in dendritic cells. This study examines whether the XL‐DNA could be therapeutically applied to treat immune diseases such as atopic dermatitis. To optimize topical delivery, liposome‐encapsulated XL‐DNA (Lipo‐XL‐DNA) is generated using emulsion transfer method with lipid layers composed of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐(1′‐rac‐glycerol), and cholesterol. Size distribution of Lipo‐XL‐DNA ranges around 90–160 nm with mean diameter of 115.44 ± 18.72 nm. The morphology is confirmed by transmission electron microscope. Zeta potential is −28.59 mV. Confocal microscopy shows that Lipo‐XL‐DNA is efficiently delivered into epidermis and dermis. Topical application of Lipo‐XL‐DNA effectively alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice, as shown by dermatitis score, histological evaluation, and serum immunoglobulin E levels. RNA‐seq analysis confirms that Lipo‐XL‐DNA reduces pro‐inflammatory products, but increases epidermal barrier homeostasis factors in atopic dermatitis lesions. Lipo‐XL‐DNA orchestrates immune balance by downregulating Th2 immunity, but upregulating Th1 immunity. Collectively, liposome encapsulation enables efficient transdermal delivery of XL‐DNA, for an effective treatment of atopic dermatitis in mice. The results provide a promising therapeutic strategy using XL‐DNA nanostructures to treat immune‐compromised diseases.
Phototransistors with Negative or Ambipolar Photoresponse Based on As‐Grown Heterostructures of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube and MoS2
Authors: Nguyen Van Tu , Yim Woongbin , Park Sae June , Son Byung Hee , Kim Young Chul , Cao Thi Thanh , Sim Yumin , Moon Yoon‐Jong , Nguyen Van Chuc , Seong Maeng‐Je , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Lee Soonil , Park Ji‐Yong
Published: August 2018

A facile synthesis method for the heterostructures of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and few‐layer MoS2 is reported. The heterostructures are realized by in situ chemical vapor deposition of MoS2 on individual SWCNTs. Field effect transistors based on the heterostructures display different transfer characteristics depending on the formation of MoS2 conduction channels along SWCNTs. Under light illumination, negative photoresponse originating from charge transfer from MoS2 to SWCNT is observed while positive photoresponse is observed in MoS2 conduction channels, leading to ambipolar photoresponse in devices with both SWCNT and MoS2 channels. The heterostructure phototransistor, for negative photoresponse, exhibits high responsivity (100–1000 AW−1) at low bias voltages (0.1 V) in the visible spectrum (500–700 nm) by combining high mobility conduction channel (SWCNT) with efficient light absorber (MoS2).
3D Graphene Films Enable Simultaneously High Sensitivity and Large Stretchability for Strain Sensors
Authors: Pan Fei , Chen Si‐Ming , Li Yuhan , Tao Zhuchen , Ye Jianglin , Ni Kun , Yu Han , Xiang Bin , Ren Yibin , Qin Faxiang , Yu Shu‐Hong , Zhu Yanwu
Published: August 2018

Integration of 2D membranes into 3D macroscopic structures is essential to overcome the intrinsically low stretchability of graphene for the applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, the synthesis of 3D graphene films (3D‐GFs) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is reported, in which a porous copper foil (PCF) is chosen as a template in the atmospheric‐pressure CVD preparation. When the 3D‐GF prepared at 1000 °C (noted as 3D‐GF‐1000) is transferred onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, the obtained 3D‐GF‐1000/PDMS hybrid film shows an electrical conductivity of 11.6 S cm−1 with good flexibility, indicated by small relative resistance changes (ΔR/R0) of 2.67 and 0.36 under a tensile strain of 50% and a bending radius of 1.6 mm, respectively. When the CVD temperature is reduced to 900 °C (generating a sample noted as 3D‐GF‐900), the 3D‐GF‐900/PDMS hybrid film exhibits an excellent strain‐sensing performance with a workable strain range of up to 187% and simultaneously a gauge factor of up to ≈1500. The 3D‐GF‐900/PDMS also shows a remarkable durability in resistance in repeated 5000 stretching‐releasing cycles. Kinetics studies show that the response of ΔR/R0 upon strain is related to the graphitization and conductivity of 3D‐GF which are sensitive to the CVD preparation temperature.
Bamboo‐Like Hollow Tubes with MoS2/N‐Doped‐C Interfaces Boost Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Jia Baorui , Yu Qiyao , Zhao Yongzhi , Qin Mingli , Wang Wei , Liu Zhiwei , Lao Cheng‐Yen , Liu Ye , Wu Haowang , Zhang Zili , Qu Xuanhui
Published: August 2018

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are new‐concept of low‐cost secondary batteries, but the sluggish kinetics and huge volume expansion during cycling, both rooted in the size of large K ions, lead to poor electrochemical behavior. Here, a bamboo‐like MoS2/N‐doped‐C hollow tubes are presented with an expanded interlayer distance of 10 Å as a high‐capacity and stable anode material for KIBs. The bamboo‐like structure provides gaps along axial direction in addition to inner cylinder hollow space to mitigate the strains in both radial and vertical directions that ultimately leads to a high structural integrity for stable long‐term cycling. Apart from being a constituent of the interstratified structure the N‐doped‐C layers weave a cage to hold the potassiation products (polysulfide and the Mo nanoparticles) together, thereby effectively hindering the continuing growth of solid electrolyte interphase in the interior of particles. The density functional theory calculations prove that the MoS2/N‐doped‐C atomic interface can provide an additional attraction toward potassium ion. As a result, it delivers a high capacity at a low current density (330 mAh g−1at 50 mA g−1after 50 cycles) and a high‐capacity retention at a high current density (151 mAh g−1at 500 mA g−1after 1000 cycles).
Optothermoplasmonic Nanolithography for On‐Demand Patterning of 2D Materials
Authors: Lin Linhan , Li Jingang , Li Wei , Yogeesh Maruthi N. , Shi Jianjian , Peng Xiaolei , Liu Yaoran , Rajeeva Bharath Bangalore , Becker Michael F. , Liu Yuanyue , Akinwande Deji , Zheng Yuebing
Published: August 2018

Since the first discovery of graphene, 2D materials are drawing tremendous attention due to their atomic thickness and superior properties. Fabrication of high‐quality micro‐/nanopatterns of 2D materials is essential for their applications in both nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In this work, an all‐optical lithographic technique, optothermoplasmonic nanolithography (OTNL), is developed to achieve high‐throughput, versatile, and maskless patterning of different atomic layers. Low‐power (≈5 mW µm−2) and high‐resolution patterning of both graphene and MoS2 monolayers is demonstrated through exploiting thermal oxidation and sublimation at the highly localized thermoplasmonic hotspots. Density functional theory simulations reveal that Au nanoparticles reduce the formation energy (≈0.6 eV) of C monovacancies through bonding between undercoordinated C and Au, leading to a significant Au‐catalyzed graphene oxidation and a reduction of the required laser operation power. Programmable patterning of 2D materials into complex and large‐scale nanostructures is further demonstrated. With its low‐power, high‐resolution, and versatile patterning capability, OTNL offers the possibility to scale up the fabrication of nanostructured 2D materials for many applications in photonic and electronic devices.
Allochroic‐Graphene Oxide Linked 3D Oriented Surface Imprinting Strategy for Glycoproteins Assays
Authors: Chen Guosheng , Kou Xiaoxue , Huang Siming , Huang Shuyao , Zhang Rui , Liu Chao , Shen Jun , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: August 2018

Affordable methodologies for screening of disease‐related biomarkers are vital for early clinical diagnosis, and can potentially improve the survival rate. Herein, a cost‐efficient and easy‐to‐use approach, called allochroic‐graphene oxide linked oriented surface imprinting strategy (AGO‐OSI), is imparted for rapid glycoproteins screening with naked eyes. The novel detection principle herein relies on the boronate‐affinity sandwich‐like assembly, in which the target glycoproteins are specifically captured by the engineered 3D oriented surface imprinting magnetic microprobe, and followed by labeling with the pH‐triggered allochroic‐graphene oxide. Compared with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, no antibody‐assisted recognition or complicated enzymatic labeling is required, endowing the AGO‐OSI with the merits of low‐cost, labor‐saving, and user‐friendly. In addition, the pH‐triggered allochroic‐graphene oxide provides a simple, real‐time, and economical signal readout, without the sophisticated instruments requirement. Finally, it is successfully applied to rapid diagnosis of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) in liver cancer event with naked eyes, further manifesting the superiority of AGO‐OSI. It is believed that the cost‐efficient and easy‐to‐use strategy proposed herein can potentially be a versatile tool for point‐of‐care diagnosis, especially applicable in resource‐constrained regions.
Wrinkled Rh2P Nanosheets as Superior pH‐Universal Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Huang Bolong , Lin Fei , Lv Fan , Luo Minchuan , Zhou Peng , Liu Qiao , Zhang Weiyu , Yang Chao , Tang Yonghua , Yang Yong , Wang Wei , Wang Hao , Guo Shaojun
Published: August 2018

Searching for highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that function effectively at all pHs is of great interest to the scientific community, however it is still a grand challenge, because the HER kinetics of Pt in alkaline solutions are approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than that in acidic solution. Herein, a new class of wrinkled, ultrathin Rh2P nanosheets for enhancing HER catalysis at all pHs is reported. They exhibit a small overpotential of 18.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 61.5 mV dec−1, and good durability in alkaline media, much better than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the active open‐shell effect from the P‐3p band not only promotes Rh‐4d for increased proton–electron charge exchange but also provides excellent p–p overlapping to locate the O‐related species as distributary center, which can benefit the HER process in alkaline media. It is also demonstrated that the present wrinkled, ultrathin Rh2P nanosheets are highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward HER in both acid and neutral electrolytes. The present work opens a new material design for ultrathin 2D metal phosphide nanostructures for the purpose of boosting HER performance at all pHs.