bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CITIZENSHIP AND COMMUNITY LIFE WITH REFERENCE TO THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY AMONG STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Rose Asheena , Chandra Saumya
Published: November 2021

Being a citizen of a country is the status of citizenship. If one has citizenship of a country, he would have the right to live there, work, vote, use community resources, pay taxes etc. Citizenship for persons with Intellectual Disability (PwID) is exactly the same as citizenship for anyone else.  Citizenship is important for all of us. Having an ID is not a barrier to citizenship in fact it is useful because it helps communities come together, but it does become a barrier if society lets prejudice and power get in the way. The fundamental rights in our constitution are considered as basic human rights of all citizens, irrespective of their gender, caste, religion, disability etc. whereas when it comes to PwID, it sounds so difficult. Therefore, for this study 10 Adolescent students with Mild and moderate Intellectual disability were selected through purposive sampling method and a training program was organized to find out the understanding of these intangible concepts. Five selected topics i.e. community participation, community resources, fundamental rights, self-advocacy, election were included in the training program. The data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods both. The finding of the study reveals that through proper planning, role play, exposure in community and using visual clues, the awareness level of democracy, citizenship and election etc. can definitely enhance the understanding of citizenship among PwID.
COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GEDAMBAAN BEACH TOURISM OBJECTS IN KOTABARU REGENCY, SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Achamd Syamsu , Sofia Leila Ariyani , Agusliani Erma
Published: November 2021

Gedambaan Village is one of the villages that has tourism potential in Kotabaru Regency, namely Gedambaan Beach. This beach offers two natural atmospheres that can be enjoyed simultaneously, namely views of green mountains and expanses of sea decorated with bagang fishermen, and equipped with various adequate facilities and infrastructure. The existence of coastal tourism will have a positive impact on the local community if they can participate in taking advantage of it as a new business opportunity. On the other hand, this condition will have a negative impact on their livelihoods and will only reduce the ecological quality of the coast if all economic actors there are not able to maintain the environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze community perceptions of the management of Gedambaan Beach tourism objects. The sample in this study amounted to 101 respondents consisting of 78 local people (approach with the Slovin formula to the number of family heads) and as many as 23 people (census) tourism object managers. Perception analysis was carried out descriptively using a Likert scale calculation. The results of the study showed that the local community feels that the existence of Gedambaan beach tourism did not provide job opportunities and business opportunities for them, while they were of the view that the management of the beach tourism needs support, good relations, and involvement of the local community, especially in environmental conservation.
Absolute leukocytes count and NLR as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for severity of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Abakar Adam Dawoud
Published: November 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic challenges not only the lack of awareness of the disease, but also the rapid diagnosis, the prediction of severe early disease, the clinical characterization of mortality and severity of patients, and the effective management that affects the global scale, resulting in low capacities of healthcare systems, the resilience of systems and global economics. Therefore, early differential diagnosis and prediction of SARS-COV-2 infection severity are needed. CRP and NLR are diagnostic markers commonly used, most available, effective, and economically used primarily to evaluate the ongoing systemic inflammatory response.
Evaluation of favipiravir treatment before intensive care in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ozudogru Osman , Yerlikaya Emrah , Alayunt Naci Omer , Çambay Zafer
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the healing effect of Favipiravir used in pre-intensive care treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in order to elucidate the pathogenesis and complications of coronavirus. The data regarding the clinical findings of the patients in the hospital information system and the biochemical parameters made standard in the treatment/follow-up of COVID 19 were taken from the system and evaluated retrospectively. In addition, it was examined as a whole with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary involvement compared to CT findings. Hemogram, coagulation and biochemistry parameters used in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 statistics program for Windows was used in statistical analysis to evaluate the data obtained from patient files and hospital information system. There is no definitive treatment protocol within the scope of treatment. Drug studies are currently ongoing. In this study, the first clinical findings, treatment types and recovery times of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the healing effect of favipiravir used before intensive care were determined. Between group 1 (those who started treatment within 0-5 days) and group 2 (those who started treatment within 6-10 days), after 5 days of favipravir treatment, when serum parameters were compared, favipravir treatment was statistically significantly lower in the first group that was started early, WBC, Neutrophil, Creatine, CK, CRP, D-Dimer, PCT, LDH. By collecting the data obtained as a result of the research, early deaths can be prevented worldwide. Our study recommending alternative treatment approaches is important for the protection of patients' quality of life. In this study, when all biochemical markers were evaluated together, it was evaluated that starting Favipiravir treatment early was beneficial in treating COVID-19 disease.
A simple method for isolation of rest of trypsinized stem cells with magnetic beads
Authors: Bhatia Sudhir
Published: November 2021

Till now, there is no laboratory in the world, which makes thoughts that there may be still stem cells remaining in the flasks after the trypsin treatment. The user checks the presence of stem cells during trypsinization with the microscope whether the whole population of stem cells has been collected. Magnetic beads are being used around the world to isolate different kinds of cells like CD4, CD8, CD34, and other cells. One of the advantages of magnetic isolation is that they can be used to isolate cells from solutions containing even a low number of targeted cells. We conducted the experiments to see whether all remaining MSC can be obtained from a trypsin-treated flask with magnetic beads isolation.

During the magnetic isolation with CD90 specific Magnetic beads, it was found under the microscope that there are huge numbers of cells being attached to beads. The results indicate that there are still a huge number of rest cells in the trypsinized  flask but most of the users think that they have isolated all cells, which is not true and they are throwing away valuable stem cells. The magnetic beads can be used to isolate the rest of MSC because for many applications, there is a need of the largest number of stem cells for conducting studies like flow cytometry, molecular testing along with pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease in Caulerpa racemosa
Authors: Kartika Aprilia Indra , Fitria Meutia Srikandi , Oktaviola Vanny
Published: November 2021

Caulerpa racemosa is a green algae consumed by people in northern coastal areas. C. racemosa has a habitat attached to the shallow seabed. C. racemosa usualy consumed fresh without any cooking process so that the contamination of microorganisms can be eaten. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA is needed to determine the type of bacterial contaminants in C. racemosa. The isolates of C. racemosa were cultured in HIA, BAP, and BHI media. Bacteria from BHI media were isolated by DNA, PCR for 16S rRNA gene, and sequencing. Bacteria isolate C. racemosa was found to have the α-hemolytic ability in BAP media. The sequencing analysis showed that the three bacterial colonies of C. racemosa isolate had high similarity with V. parahemolyticus, Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus, and Exiguobacterium profundum.
Digital communication in health promotion in handling tuberculosis sputum
Authors: Makalew Linda Augustien , Rambi Elne Vieke , Makaminan Muhammad Ali , Duka Risman S , Hiola Tumartony
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that has caught the attention of not only Indonesia but the rest of the world. The 3M movement, namely using masks, washing hands and keeping a distance to minimize the transmission of tuberculosis, is very useful for the eradication of TB tuberculosis. However, this is a challenge in itself for microscopic officers at the Microscopic Reference Center (MRC) in education and handling of sputum for tuberculosis patients who are currently being treated. The purpose of this study was to test VisKomLAM 1, 2, 3 and 4 in bridging communication between officers in sputum management education for tuberculosis sufferers at each examination during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research locations took MRC Tuminting, Wawonasa and Tikala Baru in Manado City and MRC Telaga in Gorontalo District. Analysis with paired t test showed a significance below 5%, which means that VisKomLAM 1, 2, 3 and 4 can bridge education from officers to tuberculosis sufferers in the Covid-19 pandemic era. It is recommended that health workers always strive to promote tuberculosis health in achieving tuberculosis elimination by 2050.
Machine learning approach using hierarchical decision- tree projection algorithm to predict the presence of chronic kidney disease
Authors: J Sarada  , NV Muthu Lakshmi
Published: November 2021

Chronic Kidney disease is one of the eminent diseases which is commonly seen the patients which the various ailments which results in the step by step failure of kidneys which may result in the fatality of the human. The Chronic Kidney disease which is precisely called as CKD in medical terms is predicted with various symptoms that evolves in the human body. Strategically predicting the CKD using the machine learning algorithm is the challenging proportion. This paper solves the issues of predicting the CKD using the Hierarchical Decision-Tree Projection Algorithm which takes the various clinical study results of the human body into the dataset format and is algorithmically evaluated. Through this method the whole study in completely evaluated with the various parameters which is obtained from the human study. The variations in the whole study with respect to the parametrical correlation are taken into consideration. The results are obtained from each parametrical evaluation and with the results the prediction and presence of the Chronic Kidney disease is evaluated. The Experimental results show the algorithmic evaluations are showing the comparatively high accuracy and performance.
Application of pollution assessment models in soil contaminated by heavy metals in two steel rods markets, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edori ES  , Iyama WA  , Edori OS
Published: November 2021

Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30cm within two steel markets and a control site in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria to assess the level of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As) in the environment. Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the samples for heavy metals. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in the steel rods markets exceeded that of the control. The results indicated that heavy metals concentrations in the sites were in the order; Mile III > Kala > RSU. The average levels of contamination of heavy metals recorded followed the order Fe > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd in Mile III, Fe > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in Kala and Fe > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > As > Cd in RSU (control). Mean concentrations obtained for heavy metals within the months of investigation were; 1420.931±9.155, 7.753±0.184, 8.730±0.050, 2.843±0.124, 9.428±0.122, 7.433±0.047 and 3.732±0.047 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively at the mile III station, while the mean concentrations of heavy metals observed at the Kala station were; 1161.173±1.823, 9.425±0.054, 7.596±0.027, 1.425±0.020, 6.507±0.006, 5.455±0.033 and 1.901±0.010 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. The mean values of heavy metals concentrations observed at the RSU station within the period were; 892.064±1.025,5.603±0.007, 5.841±0.051, 0.173±0.005, 3.389±0.009, 2.309±0.010 and 0.706±0.006 mg/Kg for Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and As respectively. Pollution assessment models used for assessing the anthropogenic input on the quality of the soil in the area using the control site as the basis of judgment were: contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (CD), modified contamination degree (mCD), potential ecological risk coefficient (Eir), potential ecological risk index (RI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and anthropogenicity. These indices revealed that the steel markets were contaminated and polluted and poses ecological risks by heavy metals, even though the values obtained were still below the WHO acceptable limits. The steel rods markets need to be adequately monitored and regulated to avoid further soil contamination by heavy metals to a degree that will be dangerous to human health.
Big bang maps and color charge force
Authors: Gudrun Kalmbach H.E.
Published: November 2021

The Planck and other natural numbers are used for units of forces. They arise also as weights of Gleason operators, defined by 3-dimensional spin-like base triples GF and their weigths. The spin lengths are the spin GF weights for instance. The measuring GF operator triples arise by projective duality from 1-dimensional force vectors in projective to R5 extended Hilbert space H4. Color charges are set as a separate force, using a G-compass (figure 2). For the universes evolution after a big bang several maps are introduced, mostly belonging to the gravity field quantum rgb-graviton. It presents the neutral color charge of nucleons. Orthogonal projections of H4, also in spiralic and angular form, central or stereographic projective maps belong to them. They project also the S³ factor of the strong interation geometry S³xS5 down to the SU(2) geometry S³ of the Hopf map. Fiber bundle maps are added also to S5 with the same fiber S1 to the base space CP² for nucleons and atomic kernels. In octonian coordinates, listed by indices, 01234567, there are three projections from the energy space 123456 of SI to complex quaternionic 2x2-matrix presentations of spacetime 1234, of CP² as 3456 and of GR with mass and rgb-gravitons 1256. GR and CP² are projected into 1234 as the universes spacetime, observable as bubbles for atoms and matter 3456 and GR potentials and actions about and for mass carrying systems 1256.
Levels of some chemical species in water of boreholes situated near dumpsites in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwoke IB  , Edori ES
Published: November 2021

The concentration of six chemical species Pb, Cd, As, nitrates, fluorides and sulphates in the groundwater (borehole) samples were investigated in four boreholes sited close to a dumpsite in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nitrates, fluorides and sulphates were analyzed using standard conventional methods while the heavy metals were determined and analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values obtained for the different chemical species within the months of investigation for the stations were in the range: lead; 0.012±0.001-0.015±0.000mg/L, with an average of 0.013±0.001mg/L within the months, Cd; 0.004±0.002-0.005±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months, As; 0.002±0.001-0.003±0.002mg/L, with an average of 0.003±0.001mg/L within the months, nitrates; 0.413±0.172-0.730±0.691mg/L, with an average of 0.511±0.139mg/L within the months, fluorides; 0.004±0.001-0.006±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months and sulphates; 0.197±0.046-0.338±0.072mg/L, with an average of 0.290±0.055mg/L within the months. These values obtained for the different chemical species showed that the boreholes sited near the dumpsite were still at the level that will not pose any health risk to the user, for their concentrations were still within limits allowed by WHO and USEPA. Even though the government and its agencies should regulate the mode of dumping of refuse and also the siting of boreholes so that the groundwater will not be polluted.
Anti-cancer, antiproliferative activity of active anionic H2O8 oxygen solution on HCT-116 cancer cell
Authors: Apaydin Yildirim Betul
Published: November 2021

HCT116 cells are adherent epithelial cells derived from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line commonly used to study inflammatory responses in colonic epithelial cells. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of active anionic H2O8 oxygen solution, which is a very strong antiviral and antimicrobial agent, on HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cell line. Cell viability was determined by MTT analysis. Antiproliferative activity of the anionic H2O8 was investigated on HCT 116 (human colorectal carcinoma) cancer cells. Anionic H2O8 displayed the outstanding activities for MTT test, IC50= 9.44 for 24th hour was calculated as IC50= 11.73 for 48th hour on HCT 116 cell line. It is thought that it can serve as an agent with strong potential to be used in treatment.
Impact of calcification on potato yield
Authors: Midhat Glavić  , Amir Zenunović
Published: November 2021

By seed surfaces according to the information the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Institute of Statistics Republic of Srpska of the total area under vegetables potatoes occupies 57% sowing area, so that after the corn and wheat, potatoes the most important agricultural plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most are lighter types of land - permeable, loose, sandy-humus and sandy-clay ground with crumb structure, rich in mineral and organic matter, with favorable water – air characteristics. Does not match his tough swampy lands with a high level of underground water. Tolerate acid soil reaction, and the optimum pH is 5,4-6,5. Given that the area of Tuzla canton mainly acid soil with pH values from 4.5 to 5.5 made the production of a sample on the plot that had a pH value of 4.6 as a material for the reparation of land or quality of calcification was Fertdolomit in order to increase in pH, after you apply Fertdolomit analysis has found that the increased pH value to 5.8. Calcification is a measure of repair of chemical properties of soil, primarily reducing its acidity, ie. bringing the pH value to the optimum level for the cultivation of certain plant species calcium use of fertilizers. At the same time, this measure of the repair water-air, mechanical, physical and biological properties of soil. Reflected in the potatoes plant in four different variants: the control, with the use of 40 t / ha of manure, the use of 40 t / ha manure and NPK 7:20:30 400 kg / ha and the use of manure 40 t / ha, NPK 7:20: 30 in the amount of 400 kg / ha with supplements Fertdolomit in the amount of 3 t / ha. The results reflected a big point to the importance of calcification in the production of potatoes.
Diurnal glycemic pattern on inclusion of sucrose in daily meals in type 2 diabetes: Reflection of antecedent glycemic control
Authors: Udaya M Kabadi
Published: November 2021

Background: Inclusion of sucrose in diabetic diets is not recommended in subjects with diabetes since effects of such diets on glycemic indices are not established. Some studies have documented lapse in metabolic control on consumption of these diets type 2 diabetes. However, most studies examined plasma glucose only for a few hours after ingestion of a single meal containing sucrose after an overnight fast whereas others recommended increasing insulin dose prior to the meal. None of these studies examined influence of inclusion of sucrose in daily meals in subjects with new onset diabetes at diagnosis and again after achieving desirable glycemic control. Objective : Study was conducted to assess glycemic responses to ingestion of all meals containing sucrose constituting 50% of carbohydrate calories. Methods: 12 subjects with new onset type 2 diabetes participated. They were administered the following isocaloric diets for 4 days each prior to and after achieving desirable glycemic control; Diet 1- Diabetic diet recommended by American Diabetes Association (ADA), diet 2- test diet containing sucrose, diet 3- ADA diet. Glycemic control was assessed by diurnal glycemia (average of pre-prandial, postprandial and bedtime blood glucose), fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and fructosamine on 4th day of each dietary period. Results: All glycemic indices deteriorated after consumption of sucrose containing meals prior to initiation of treatment and remained worsened on return to ingestion of ADA diet. Glycemic responses after all meals improved markedly on achieving desirable glycemic control. Moreover, glycemic indices remained unaltered on consumption of sucrose containing meals after attaining and maintaining desirable glycemic control. Conclusion: Diurnal glycemic responses deteriorate on ingestion of daily meals containing sucrose in subjects with new onset uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. In contrast, diurnal glycemic pattern is unaltered following consumption of daily meals containing sucrose after attaining and maintaining desirable glycemic control.
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy versus omega-loop gastric bypass. What is best for weight loss, perioperative adverse events, and comorbidities?
Authors: Omar Thaher  , Jamal Driouch  , Martin Hukauf  , Christine Stroh
Published: November 2021

Aim of the study: This study investigated whether Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) or Omega-Loop-Gastric-Bypass (OAGB) has the best benefit in weight loss, perioperative risk, and remission of comorbidities. Methods: 29,407 patients after SG and OAGB were included in the German Bariatric Surgery Registry (GBSR). Outcome criteria were perioperative morbidity, perioperative complications, and remission of comorbidities after one year of follow-up. Results: 15,169 patients had completed 1-year follow-up (770 patients after OAGB and 14,399 after SG). The %EWL was higher for OAGB than for SG (70.4 ± 18.5 for OAGB and 62.4 ± 22.6 for SG; p<0.001). BMI reduction was also a significant difference in favor of OAGB (17.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2 for OAGB vs. 15.5 ± 5.9 for SG; p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in perioperative complications (p<5%). Significant differences in favor of OAGB were found in remission of hypertension (p<0.001), IDDM (p<0.001), NIDDM (p<0.001), reflux (p<0.001), and sleep apnea (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our analysis showed that OAGB surgery was associated with more significant BMI reduction and weight loss one year after surgery. In addition, OAGB surgery was significantly more effective in improving obesity-related comorbidities. Our results support the performance of OAGB over SG in patients with obesity and comorbidities. However, the contraindications and general condition of the patient should be considered in the context of this.
Influence of age, body mass index and waist-hip ratio on the human spine; a radiographic study of adult male subjects in Port Harcourt-Nigeria
Authors: Micheal Omonnkheoa Oyakhire  , Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe  , Chukuemeka Emmanuel Agi
Published: November 2021

The study determined the Lumbosacral angle (LSA) of male subjects and evaluated its relationship to age, BMI and Waist -Hip ratio. Lateral radiographs of one hundred and forty-two informed healthy male volunteers between the age of 18-60 were studied using Ferguson’s method, and analyzed with respect to age, waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI).. The result showed the average value for Lumbosacral angle was 34.060 ± 0.560, the body weight was 70.34 ± 1.02Kg, and BMI was 24. 64 ± 0.38Kgm-2. Angle values were observed to increase with age up to 32years, followed by a sinusoidal increase and decrease pattern thereafter. Significant correlations were observed between LSA and Body weight as well as between LSA and BMI (p<0.05). The Lumbosacral angle of males in Port-Harcourt, South South Nigeria is within the range of literature derived measurement values world-wide, but lower than the average reported from previous studies on other Nigerian populations.
Application of Elastic Fastenings of Equipment to Increase Vibration Frequency of the Wagon Body
Authors: Guchinsky R. V.
Published: November 2021

Improving dynamic performance is a priority when designing new rolling stock. The frequency of natural bending vibrations of the body is one of the most important standardised indicators, a preliminary assessment of which allows obtaining optimal body designs.

The objective of the work is to assess the prospects for the use of elastic fastenings of equipment to increase the natural vibration frequency of wagon bodies of suburban electric trains. Calculations were based on the finite element method and block Lanczos method. It is shown that it is advisable to use the rigid area tool and linearly elastic finite elements to calculate the frequencies in the simulation. The main ranges of fastening stiffness are highlighted, where the effect of using elastic supports is different. It is proposed to determine the stiffness of fastenings according to a given vibration frequency of the equipment. When the equipment is rigidly attached, the relative mass of the equipment does not affect the body bending vibration frequency. With elastic fastening, a greater effect can be achieved with a larger relative weight of the equipment. The effect of using resilient mounts increases with heavier equipment located closer to the centre of the body.

It is shown that the effect of shear admittance of fastenings on the body vibration frequency is within 1 % and may not be considered in the simulation. In the considered example of a wagon body of a suburban electric train, the use of elastic supports allows an increase in the frequency of oscillations of the body by 3–10 %.
Neutralization of Transport Documents in Road Transport
Authors: Poliak M. , Lakhmetkina N. Yu.
Published: November 2021

In 1956 there was a significant step in international road freight transport – conclusion of Convention on the contract of carriage in international road freight transport (CMR Convention), the basic purpose of which was to unify the rules in the international transport of goods and thus promote the development of international trade. From a practical point of view, this was very important for both carriers and transporters. The Convention describes the most important document in the carriage of goods – the CMR consignment note.

Recently, the term «neutralization» has been used in connection with the CMR consignment note, which is considered as an interference with the system of functioning of transport documents, which aims to obscure the actual movement of the consignment during transport. At the same time, neutralization of the consignment note is not so much contrary to legal norms as it can lead to undesirable consequences for carriers. For this reason, the question of whether it is possible to neutralize the CMR consignment note in accordance with the current rules and whether the neutralization of the CMR consignment note does not violate the functionality of the existing system is relevant. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the reasons and methods for neutralizing CMR consignment notes, as well as options for handling neutralized consignment notes.

Considering that neutralization of the consignment note has become a relatively common practice and means the exchange of original consignment notes or transport documents with other consignment notes or transport documents, canceling the actions of the first consignment note, in the article the authors, based on their own research, identified the possibilities of using the neutralization of the CMR consignment note in practice for certain types of goods, routes of the most frequent use, as well as the risks of these procedures in road transport.
The Project of Organizing Non-Stop Traffic at T-Intersections (Tyumen Case Study)
Authors: Pobedinsky A. A.
Published: November 2021

The constant growth in the number of cars and trucks in single industry towns is forcing road design engineers to find ways convenient for all road users and pedestrians to move at intersections. Fulfilling such conditions is a difficult task but it can be solved, especially if there are many T-shaped intersections along the entire length of the road. Most often they are located along the line of railways, heating mains, river or lake banks, parks, etc. Since there are no adjacent roads, it is possible to ensure continuous movement of cars, but only in one direction.

The objective of this work is to substantiate the project aimed at ensuring unhindered traffic at T-intersections of vehicles following 50 let VLKSM street in the city of Tyumen.

To achieve this objective, the method of observation and recording, as well as the analysis of operation of optical devices that regulate passage of cars at intersections were used. With newly designed travel mode, there is no infringement of rights in relation to other motorists and pedestrians since the traffic light mode for the rest of segments keeps the same counting in seconds. A system of safe pedestrian crossing is envisaged along with an improvement in the environmental component of the whole city.

For initial adaptation of motorists to new conditions, it is proposed to use a side green vertical arrow attached to the traffic light and signal columns that delimit traffic lanes for a «slow merge» into the flow of those leaving the secondary road. An undeniable advantage of this type of design is the minimum cost of reconstruction of intersections. Based on author’s own observations, it can be argued that this project increases traffic of vehicles moving from the central part of the city to the eastern part by 1,5–1,8 times.
Structural and Content Characteristic of the Object of Combined Transport
Authors: Larin O. N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of equivalence of structural and content characteristics of individual terms used in combined transport contained in various official regulatory documents. Differences in definitions of individual terms in that subject area often impede effective integration of transport systems at interregional or international level. This study focuses on the analysis of characteristics of structural components of the objects of combined transport, which are contained in definitions of this term in a number of international agreements, national regulations and interstate standards. The results of the study have allowed to formulate proposals aimed at unification of structural and content characteristics of the object of the combined transport as well as recommendations for improving certain regulatory documents.
Living Snow Fences: International Practices
Authors: Mishina D. Yu.
Published: November 2021

In winter, in the countries with snow covered regions, one of the main tasks of road maintenance is to combat snow deposits, snowpacks and snowdrifts on the roadway. Living snow fences consisting of tree and shrub plantings are among known world practices to protect roads against effects of snow deposits. They are environmentally friendly, durable and have great snow retention capacity. However, there are several constraints regarding application of those practices.

The analysis of the design, spacing and planting schemes refers to Russian and foreign living snow fences used to protect highways, considers the features, advantages, and disadvantages of living fences in different countries. Japanese and American designs are reviewed as international experience. The influence of the state of trees on the efficiency of their snow-retaining function has been determined. As a result, the need for monitoring and proper maintenance of existing living snow fences throughout their life cycle was confirmed using the examples of surveys of forest plantations in Kazakhstan and in Volgograd region of the Russian Federation.

The author presents promising directions for improving the structures and planting schemes of snow storage living fences, namely, an integrated approach to their design as of a protection not only against snowdrifts, but also against pollutants. Such solutions include the design of protective living fences using only tall shrubs, providing the best blowing of roadside areas and dispersion of contaminants. Another solution is to complement the species planted within living fences with willow and corn. Besides, referring to global climate changes, an important task for modern science has been identified, that is to update the current standards for the design of living fences under the current meteorological conditions.

Recommendations on the use of mathematical modelling with the help of computer software are suggested regarding development of new configurations of living fences, assessment of their effectiveness, as well as on the adoption of modern technologies such as video cameras and drones during field tests.
Analysis of the Issue of Recovery of Low-Potential Energy at Small-Scale Energy Facilities
Authors: Dmitrenko A. V. , Kolpakov M. I.
Published: November 2021

Studying the issues of recovery of low-potential energy at smallscale energy facilities allowed to show the promising character of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology as a technology for recovery or conversion of low-potential energy.

The most promising developments in the field of the use and recovery of waste heat are described regarding application of ORC, which is widely used in geothermal sources, hot water boilers, gas turbine plants. Due to the constantly growing diversity of working fluids, ORC can be used within a wide temperature range from 100°C to over 350°C. Also, developments are underway in the design of ORC generators to increase reliability of its individual system units, such as turbines and expanders. Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that with a deeper study of the problems of adopting ORC technologies, they can become a very promising direction in development of heat power engineering.

It has been determined that the main factor hindering the widespread adoption of the ORC technology is associated with high cost of heat exchange equipment due to increased heat exchange surfaces. It is shown that design of mini power plants and energy centres based on the use of low-potential energy requires improvement of mathematical modelling methods to reliably determine operating modes and characteristics of each of the units. Methods for modelling evaporation and condensation systems, including turbines and expanders using organic low-boiling working fluids, should be considered among the methods that are highly sought after. The methods for selecting a working fluid for ORC devices also have a significant impact on characteristics of the installation determining the range of cycle operating temperatures and pressures. The solution of the above problems can lead to a reduction in the cost of heat exchange equipment, and, consequently, to a decrease in costs for design of ORC generators.
Application of Digitalisation in Staffing Planning for Railway Infrastructure Maintenance
Authors: Kovalenko N. I. , Buchkin V. A. , Bykov Yu. A. , Grin E. N.
Published: November 2021

Existing and suggested approaches to development of staffing plans regarding infrastructure maintenance are analysed from the point of view of ensuring interests of a railway infrastructure company, using example of JSC Russian Railways.

The existing methodology of planning workforce involved in maintenance of the railway infrastructure is based on the use of average values of parameters resulted from monitoring of the state of infrastructure structures, roadbed and track devices conducted monthly, as well as during autumn and spring continuous inspections and checks of the track. The received values of work to be performed only implicitly reflect the required number of workers, effective involvement in operation, and efficiency of each worker.

The modern trend towards digitalisation and cybernation of all processes, when organising maintenance of the track infrastructure, provides for maximum social adaptation of production processes to requests of owners, tasks of organisers and interests of performers. Staff planning based only on the volume of work to be performed does not allow digitalisation and social cybernation of an individual performer.

The syntagmatic component of such an algorithm is the monthly total worked time, which is determined by the actual engagement of each performer. The paradigmatic component of such models should be the same daily number of performers. The stage of preliminary assessment of application of the proposed algorithm for digitalisation and social cybernation of workforce planning supposed an increase in labour productivity, approximately by 20–25 %, an increase in quality of work and a more effective assessment of activities of each performer.
ICAO: Runway Safety Training
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2021

ICAO will partner with ACI, IATA and CANSO on new runway safety training initiative.

The new online course has been specifically designed for air traffic controllers and aeronautical information service staff. It will be available for enrolment in April of this year on the ICAO Global Aviation Training website. The course complements existing courses developed in cooperation with Airports Council International (ACI) for airport operations staff, and with IATA for flight crews.
The Greatest Passenger Steam Locomotive in the World
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2021

News from the archives. The publication in Rail Business [Zheleznodorozhnoe delo] Journal of 1910 introduced the most powerful steam locomotive of the time to the readers. It was intended for passenger traffic in the United States.
Goals and Risks of Activity as Factors of Regulation in Social Systems in Transport Sector
Authors: Filippova N. A. , Bashmakov I. A. , Kochegur D. Yu.
Published: November 2021

Significant changes that are currently taking place in the external environment are objective prerequisites for emergence of new management methods that predetermine the practical period of transition of enterprises from strategic planning to strategic management (transfer of thinking based on the future to the thinking based on the present following the principle «here and now»).

So, for example, large production structures focus on stability, therefore they react slowly to changes in the external environment, take little risks, and tend to traditional solutions. Modifying options developed at large enterprises are developing what is, as well as complementing and differentiating the existing situation, where the limited possibilities of any kind of evolution of any system can exist solely within its limits.

Efficiency reflects the results of development, but is not identical with the results, because no saving of some factors of production can be achieved without additional costs of others. The strategy turns here into real one only if it based on the concept of developing new specific products or processes subject to the following indicator of progress: the maximum earned with the minimum of expenditures.

The objective of the study is to identify modern regulatory factors in social systems in transport sector concealed in the goals and risks of such activities, while the main object of study is road transportation. The article uses methods of theoretical and empirical research in relation to goals and risks that can be determined and observed in the activities of transport sociotechnical systems.

Goals and risks are defined as factors that allow regulating key performance indicators of socio-technical systems that affect their effectiveness.
Review of the book «Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes»
Authors: Matrosova A. Yu.
Published: November 2021

Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 1. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2020, 611 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040758-9.

Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 2. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2021, 527 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040757-2.

The first volume of the book includes papers devoted to three main areas of research in the field of synthesis of self-checking discrete systems: study of features of classical sum codes (Berger codes), modular sum codes, as well as their modifications proposed by the authors of the articles; study of features of codes for which check bits are obtained using convolutions modulo М = 2 of a part of data bits (polynomial codes and classical Hamming codes); research of the Boolean Complement method for organisation of self-checking discrete systems based on redundant binary codes. Materials are provided on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of redundant binary codes under the condition of errorfree check bits, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown modified sum codes and features of methods for synthesizing self-checking discrete systems based on binary redundant codes.

The second volume of the book includes papers in the field of constructing binary sum codes weighted bits and transitions between bits occupying adjacent positions in data vectors of code words, as well as the results of studying their characteristics and methods of synthesising coding equipment. The issues of application of features of codes in organisation of self-checking discrete systems are considered. The reader will find on the pages of this volume materials on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of weight-based sum codes provided that the check bits are error-free, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown weight-based sum codes and features of methods for synthesising self-checking discrete systems based on them.

The book can be useful for developers, researchers and engineers working in the field of technical diagnostics of discrete systems and synthesis of systems with fault detection, as well as students studying computer science, computer technology and automation.
Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes». Selected Abstracts of D.Sc. and Ph.D. Theses Submitted at Russian Transport Universities
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2021

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New Books on Transport and Transportation
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2021

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Mathematical Modelling of Tank Wagon Vibrations Considering Partially Filling of the Tank with Liquid Cargo
Authors: Grigoriev P. S. , Korzhin S. N. , Ibodulloev Sh. R. , Tran Phu Thuan
Published: November 2021

Mathematical modelling of processes of motion makes it possible to assess the dynamic characteristics of a wagon at the stage of its design. However, it is necessary to consider the type of cargo transported, the movement of which affects the values of these features.

The paper considers a mathematical model of an eight-axle railway tank wagon developed using the Lagrange’s equation of the second kind. The considered mathematical model suggests an approach based on the consideration of the influence of the energy of a liquid cargo in a steady state of motion. This influence was considered by evaluating the kinetic and potential energies of vibrations of the transported liquid cargo.

Differential equations of vibration compiled for the model under consideration represent the liquid cargo as a solid. The approach for considering the effect of liquid cargo during vibrations of a tank wagon assumes that the total volume of the displaced liquid approximately corresponds to the volume of the layer of the fluid determined by displacement of bouncing, or in the case of galloping, with an angular displacement of one end section of the tank wagon, the second section rises by the same value, in other words, we observe the system of communicating vessels. Based on these assumptions, energy additions are obtained that consider movement of a liquid cargo under steady-state modes of motion.

According to the proposed approach, preliminary calculations were performed, and the results obtained were assessed. The results obtained showed satisfactory convergence with the calculations carried out using other approaches to modelling of the processes of movement of railway tank wagons.
Classification of Objects of Supply Chain Management to Ensure Their Sustainability
Authors: Tarasenko E. A.
Published: November 2021

Classifications of objects of supply chain management create the basis for managing their sustainability. The author proposes a hierarchy of priorities regarding managed objects − systems, processes and relations, which implies creation of adequate anticrisis measures for operational management of resource flows.

The objectives of the study are to clarify and supplement classifications of supply chain management objects based on their qualitative characteristics. The tasks of the study are to identify the problems of classification of objects of supply chain management, to determine the prerequisites and to determine ways to solve these problems.

The methodological basis of the research is formed by the provisions of logistics as a science of resource flow management and supply chain management as a science of managing systems and processes of creating value for end users of products and/or services.

Logical-structural methods and tools of binary matrices have allowed to develop classifications of flows of the first (A) and second (B) levels, creating basis for adoption of codes of those flows indicating types of systems and processes and ensuring thus their sustainability. The proposed hierarchy of prioritisation of managed objects reveals the dependences that govern the anti-crisis measures of operation management of resource flows. The research results make it possible to eliminate the contradictions between the goals of the supply chain links (suppliers) and requirement chains (consumers) and, on this basis, to organise their effective interaction.