bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Zr Content on the Bending Property and Crystallization Behavior of Ductile Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Hua Neng Bin , Chen Wen Zhe , Liao Zhen Long
Published: February 2018

In this study, the effects of Zr content on the bending property, non–isothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of high–Zr–based BMGs were investigated. The BMGs exhibit high bending strength and their bending plasticity enhances with increasing Zr content, which is due to more free volume with high–Zr–content. During continuous heating, the crystallization phases for Zr66 and Zr70 BMGs are Zr2Cu and Zr2Ni phases. Zr70 alloy exhibits the highest activation energies for glass transition and crystallization because of the sluggish diffusion of large Zr atoms. Under isothermal condition, the average Avrami exponent of Zr66 alloy modeled by the JMA equation is about 2.6, implying a diffusion–controlled three dimensional crystallization growth with an increasing nucleation rate. The average Avrami exponent of 2.0 for Zr70 alloy indicates a diffusion–controlled three dimensional crystallization growth with a decreasing nucleation rate, which can be attributed to its higher activation energy for crystallization.
Si-Ni Alloy as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Huang Zhao Wen , Xiao Wen Ping , Li Jing Yang , Hu She Jun , Hou Xian Hua
Published: February 2018

It is an efficient way for reducing the volume expansion ratio of Si-based anode materials by adding a second component to become Si-M systems. In this paper, based on first-principle plane wave method, Si-Ni alloy interphases was studied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The results show that the addition of Ni can reduce the volume expansion ratio of Si to some extent. And the volume expansion ratios of LiSiNi2and LiSiNi3were 32.451% and 32.753% respectively, which were smaller than other phases in Li-Si-Ni alloy. Based on the two key parameters(the volume expansion ratio and the lithium intercalation formation energy), it is considered that SiNi3is the best one among the Si-Ni alloy interphases. The Li-Si covalent bonds are the main source of reversible capacity among the Li-Si-Ni alloy phases.
Effect of Cement Raw Material and Oxygen Concentration on SNCR Reaction
Authors: Wang Ya Li , Nan Li , Peng Si Yu , Zhang Yun Ning , Chen Mei Na , Cui Su Ping
Published: February 2018

As the selective non-catalytic reduction denitration(SNCR denitration) was used in cement decomposition furnaces under the high concentration cement raw materials and complex flue gas composition , the denitration efficiency is poor and the reducing agent is largely consumed.In order to meet the more stricter requirements of environmental protection, there is an urgent need to improve the denitration efficiency of SNCR and reduce the escape of reducing agentsin order to prevent the unnecessary waste caused by excessive use of reducing agents and secondary atmospheric pollution.Therefore, studying the effect of cement raw materials and O2 concentration on SNCR process is very important. In this paper, the initial concentration of NO and the ammonium to nitrogen ration (CNH3/CNO) was 800ppm and 1.5, respectively. The effects of cement raw material and oxygen concentration on the reaction process of NH3+NO+O2 in the temperature range of 750°C -1100°C were investigated by means of denitration rate, in Situ DRIFTS analysis.The results demonstrate when O2 concentration was 5% and denitration temperature was 950°C, the deNOx rate reached a maximum of 89.64%, which due to O2 promoted NH3 and NO to react with O2 to produce N2 and H2O. However,under the effect of cement raw material, O2 can promote NH3 which was adsorbed on the surface of cement raw material to react with O2 and produce NO and H2O, and the reaction of oxidation of NH3 is dominant, therefore, the denitration reaction is inhibited. .When O2 concentration was 5% and temperature was 850°C, the deNOx rate reached a minimum value of -109.09%. the high concentration cement raw material and flue gas composition reduce the denitration efficiency of cement kiln.
Elusively overwintering: a review of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) cold tolerance and overwintering strategy
Authors: Dancau Tina , Mason Peter G. , Cappuccino Naomi
Published: February 2018

There is no consensus on the overwintering strategy used by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). As a result, the topic of diamondback moth overwintering in temperate climates remains controversial. However, there has been general agreement that the diamondback moth does not overwinter in diapause. This review compiles data on low temperature survival to determine cold tolerance mechanisms and the cold tolerance strategy of the diamondback moth. According to cold tolerance data and observations from key overwintering studies in eastern North America, the diamondback moth likely overwinters in a quiescent state in no specific overwintering stage and is chill susceptible. Observations from key overwintering studies suggest a northern overwintering limit for diamondback moth of ~43°N in eastern North America. Climate change may alter winter conditions in temperate climates, making temperate regions susceptible to potential diamondback moth overwintering and recurring outbreaks.
Use of mobile phones among students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir Aliyu , Maifata Nurudeen Mu’azu
Published: February 2018

The study examined the motivation for using smart phones by students of Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. The specific objectives are to; examine the motive of using smart phones by students of ABU, Zaria as well as identify the average time spent on smart phones by students of ABU, Zaria. The study used primary data and selected a sample of 320 in order to collect data from the respondents, with the use of a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics SPSS version 16.0. The findings of the study revealed that the students mostly used their smart phones for social networking and they spent between 3-6 hours daily on their phones. The study recommended that the students should create a balance between social networking and academic activities; and that there should be a decrease in the amount of time spent on smart phones. The paper concludes that wrong use of smart phone could lead to negative consequences that would affect the academic performance of the students.Keywords: mobile phones, students, Zaria, Ahmadu Bello, smart phones
Granulated blast furnace slag – A boon for foundry industry
Authors: Murthy I. Narasimha , Babu N. Arun , Rao J. Babu
Published: February 2018

In the present investigation efforts have been put together to employ Granulated Blast furnace (GBF) slag as mould material for replacement of existing silica sand either full or partial in foundry industry. Nishiyama procedure was assumed for appraising the same. The process factors reflected on for this were the % of sodium silicate, % of Fe-Si powder and mould setting time. A  sequence of tests on sand was conducted on sand, slag as per American foundry society standards. Two categories of moulds were built by means of sand and slag independently with optimum process parameters. A356 alloy and grey cast iron castings were executed on these  recently built up slag moulds. The outcomes show that the mould’s compression, permeability as well as the shear strength of the GBF slag is an appropriate candidate for either incomplete or complete substitute of moulding sand. At some point in casting, the absence of fusing, dripping or mould wall collapse walls was noticed; this is exact for the ferrous as well as non-ferrous castings. Castings exhibiting high-quality surface finish, absence of surface defects as well as porosity were created by slag moulds.Keywords: Silica sand; Blast Furnace Slag; Mould properties; Ferrous and nonferrous castings.
Effect of Buffer System on the Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Low-Alloy Steel
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Omura Tomohiko , Amaya Hisashi
Published: February 2018

The effects of a buffer system in test solution and CO2 partial pressure on sulfide stress cracking (SSC) susceptibility of low-alloy steel were investigated under pH 4.0 at 0.03 MPa H2S partial pressure. A double cantilever beam test was used to quantitatively evaluate SSC susceptibility. The corrosion rates and absorbed diffusible hydrogen concentration were also evaluated. Acetic acid/sodium acetate (acetate buffered solution) and carbonic acid/bicarbonate (bicarbonate buffered solution) buffered solutions were used as buffer systems in this study. From the results, in atmospheric pressure tests, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were equivalent to or lower than those in acetate buffered solutions. In high CO2 partial pressure conditions, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were much higher than those in acetate buffered solutions. At a high CO2 partial pressure and H2S partial pressure (pCO2/pH2S) ratio condition, hydrogen entry is considered to be greatly prevented by corrosion products probably containing amorphous iron carbonate. Presence of the corrosion product with high protectiveness produced in the high pCO2/pH2S ratio condition suggests the possibility that conventional test conditions using acetate buffered solutions are conservative or are equivalent test conditions for actual field conditions.
A INOVAÇÃO COMO FONTE DE VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA EM RESTAURANTES TEMÁTICOS DE BRASÍLIA
Authors: Ferreira Luciene Braz , Guardia Mabe Simone De Araujo Bezerra , Guardia Sergio Ramiro Rivero
Published: February 2018

Este artigo procurou investigar a relação entre a inovação existente em três restaurantes em Brasília e a vantagem competitiva conquistada a partir desta inovação sob a óptica da Visão Baseada em Recursos. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre Visão Baseada em Recursos, gestão da inovação e inovação em serviços. Para a pesquisa prática, realizou-se um estudo de múltiplos casos em três restaurantes de Brasília utilizando-se a técnica de entrevista em profundidade e observação. A observação foi registrada por meio de fotografia e diário. As empresas tiveram resultados bem próximos. Os proprietários não dão ênfase à questão da concorrência e a administração do negócio ainda é insipiente. Como recursos raros, valiosos, não imitáveis e não substituíveis foram citados os recursos mencionados como inovadores, tais como vista panorâmica, culinária diferenciada, matérias-primas únicas e também as combinações e música, o que leva a concluir que as inovações são, para estes restaurantes, uma fonte de vantagem competitiva sustentável, o que explicaria a durabilidade do negócio mesmo com uma administração não profissionalizada e um olhar apenas interno, sem considerar a concorrência. Espera-se com este estudo corroborar as pesquisas de inovação como estratégia sustentável.
AMM15: a new high-resolution NEMO configuration for operational simulation of the European north-west shelf
Authors: Graham Jennifer A. , O'Dea Enda , Holt Jason , Polton Jeff , Hewitt Helene T. , Furner Rachel , Guihou Karen , Brereton Ashley , Arnold Alex , Wakelin Sarah , Castillo Sanchez Juan Manuel , Mayorga Adame C. Gabriela
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This paper describes the next-generation ocean forecast model for the European north-west shelf, which will become the basis of operational forecasts in 2018. This new system will provide a step change in resolution and therefore our ability to represent small-scale processes. The new model has a resolution of 1.5 km compared with a grid spacing of 7 km in the current operational system. AMM15 (Atlantic Margin Model, 1.5 km) is introduced as a new regional configuration of NEMO v3.6. Here we describe the technical details behind this configuration, with modifications appropriate for the new high-resolution domain. Results from a 30-year non-assimilative run using the AMM15 domain demonstrate the ability of this model to represent the mean state and variability of the region.Overall, there is an improvement in the representation of the mean state across the region, suggesting similar improvements may be seen in the future operational system. However, the reduction in seasonal bias is greater off-shelf than on-shelf. In the North Sea, biases are largely unchanged. Since there has been no change to the vertical resolution or parameterization schemes, performance improvements are not expected in regions where stratification is dominated by vertical processes rather than advection. This highlights the fact that increased horizontal resolution will not lead to domain-wide improvements. Further work is needed to target bias reduction across the north-west shelf region.
A multi-scale fine-grained LUTI model to simulate land use scenarios in Luxembourg
Authors: Gerber Philippe , Caruso Geoffrey , Cornelis Eric , Médard de Chardon Cyrille
Published: February 2018

The increasing attractiveness of Luxembourg as a place to work and live
puts its land use and transport systems under high pressure. Understanding how the country can accommodate residential growth and additional traffic in a sustainable manner is a key and difficult challenge that requires a policy relevant, flexible and responsive modelling framework. We describe the first fully-fletched land use and transport interaction framework (MOEBIUS) applied to the whole of Luxembourg. We stress its multi-scalar nature and detail the articulation of two of its main components: a dynamic demographic microsimulation at the scale of individuals and a micro-spatial scale simulation of residential choice. Conversely to traditional zone-based approaches, the framework keeps full details of households and individuals for residential and travel mode choice, making the model highly consistent with theory. In addition, results and policy constraints are implemented at a very fine resolution (20m) and can thus incorporate local effects (residential externalities, local urban design). Conversely to fully disaggregated approaches, a linkage is organized at an intermediate scale, which allows (i) to simplify the generation and spatial distribution of trips, (ii) to parallelise parts of the residential choice simulation, and (iii) to ensure a good calibration of the population and real estate market estimates. We show model outputs for different scenarios at the horizon 2030 and compare them along sustainability criteria.
Rozwój turystyki zrównoważonej na obszarach chronionych
Authors: Stokłosa Łukasz , Krupa Jan
Published: February 2018

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena skutków oddziaływania turystyki na środowisko przyrodnicze w Bieszczadzkim Parku Narodowym, jak również sprawdzenie, czy funkcjonowanie obszarów chronionych w Bieszczadach oraz realizacja zadań ochronnych znajdują swoje odzwierciedlenie w podnoszeniu świadomości ekologicznej zwiedzających. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że możliwy do osiągnięcia jest kompromis pomiędzy zachowaniem zasad ochrony przyrody a oczekiwaniami i potrzebami zwiedzających.
EDUKACJA PRZYRODNICZA W BIAŁOWIESKIM PARKU
NARODOWYM W OPINII ODWIEDZAJĄCYCH
Authors: GAŁĄZKA MAŁGORZATA
Published: February 2018

Parki narodowe pełnią ważną funkcję w edukacji przyrodniczej, która to ma na celu popularyzowanie
idei ochrony przyrody, jak również podnoszenie poziomu świadomości ekologicznej.
Tworzone w parkach narodowych muzea przyrodnicze, ośrodki dydaktyczne, wyznaczane ścieżki
dydaktyczne i szlaki turystyczne umożliwiają poznawanie najważniejszych walorów przyrodniczych
danego obszaru, a jednocześnie są główną formą zagospodarowania turystycznego wykorzystywaną
w działalności edukacyjnej. Ponadto organizowane imprezy edukacyjne w postaci
warsztatów, konkursów czy rozmaitych wydarzeń cyklicznych stanowią jedne z podstawowych
produktów turystycznych oferowanych przez parki narodowe.
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było poznanie opinii turystów odwiedzających Białowieski Park
Narodowy na temat prowadzonej przez niego działalności edukacyjnej oraz oceny tej działalności
przez osoby z niej korzystające. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego
z wykorzystaniem ankiety jako narzędzia.
Effects of Resin Treatments on the Quality of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Reactive Dye
Authors: Frydrych Iwona , Kabir Shekh Mamun , Uddin Zulhash
Published: February 2018

In this study, we analysed different resin finishing agents on cotton fabric dyed with reactive dye. Different tests were carried out on the resin treated fabric, such as the wrinkle recovery, tensile strength, dimensional stability, stiffness, abrasion resistance and colour strength (K/S) of the dyed fabrics. Melamine formaldehyde resin treated fabric gave a higher crease recovery angle, better smoothness and higher bending length because of higher crosslinking with cellulose. The colour strength decreased after applying the resin finish, and fastness properties were unaffected by the resin treatments.
O INFANTICÍDIO INDÍGENA E A POSTURA DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Araújo Ana Paula Valentim
Published: February 2018

O que torna o tema analisado no presente artigo algo tão delicado são os direitos e as limitações dos direitos indígenas. De um lado a existência de crime atentatório contra a vida, de outro a defesa do direito à diversidade cultural. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo fundamental discutir a proposta de postura que o Estado deve adotar frente ao “infanticídio” indígena; demonstrar, também, a postura omissiva que o Governo brasileiro tem adotado em relação à questão analisada e expor a apreciação do diálogo intercultural como solução do assunto investigado.
Loving and Loathing: Portrayals of School Mathematics in Young Adult Fiction
Authors: Darragh Lisa
Published: February 2018

Images of mathematics and mathematicians are often negative and stereotyped. These portrayals may work to construct our impressions of mathematics and influence students' identity with and future participation in the subject. This study examined young adult fiction as a context in which school mathematics is portrayed and constructed. I used positioning theory and the notion of story lines to analyze a sample of 59 books. Portrayals of school mathematics within this sample involved multiple story lines, including school mathematics as being obligatory but not useful and mathematics classes as tense, terrible, difficult, and different but perhaps as places in which to find love. Portrayals of mathematics teachers were extremely stereotyped, and some girls were just as likely as boys to be positioned as able mathematics learners.
Aviones y drones: el elemento aéreo en Carl Schmitt
Authors: Yousef Sandoval Laila
Published: February 2018

En la teoría internacional de Carl Schmitt la configuración política está condicionada por el espacio. Si bien el esquema de la Modernidad, articulado en torno a los diferentes tipos de guerra que surgían de la dicotomía tierra-mar, queda alterado con la incorporación de la aviación, será el uso de drones lo que pondrá en entredicho las nociones mismas de “campo de batalla”, “soldado” o “enemigo”. La realidad del dron desborda las coordenadas schmittianas, pero nos sirve tomar éstas como punto de partida para comprender cómo el espacio determina la guerra contemporánea.
Qui a peur du tournant linguistique ?
Authors: Grondin David
Published: February 2018

Ce texte entreprend de réfléchir au « tournant pratique » analysant le champ de l’international par les pratiques à partir du texte de Vincent Pouliot. Nous saisissons l’occasion de ce forum pour examiner son plaidoyer pour un tournant pratique enri(qu’il nomme la logique du praticable), à la lumière de la politique disciplinaire. Nous soutenons que son texte constitue une intervention politique au sein du champ desripour faire accepter par le mainstream un tournant pratique. Nous procédons en trois temps : 1) un arrêt par le tournant linguistique, contre lequel se positionne le tournant pratique, en invoquant la division constructivisme-poststructuralisme ; 2) l’exploration du plaidoyer de Pouliot, ainsi que ses intentions, ses limites et l’épistémologie sobjectiviste qui sous-tend sa méthodologie interprétative ; et 3) une critique du sobjectivisme comme ne permettant pas à la discipline d’intégrer la richesse du détail de l’enquête ethnographique et constituant du coup un acte politique en faveur d’une vision scientiste de la discipline.
La marche internationale La rue, la nuit, femmes sans peur : ses origines et sa dynamique symbolique
Authors: Coderre Cécile , Coderre Sara-Maude Ivelyne
Published: February 2018

La marche La rue, la nuit, femmes sans peur s’inscrit dans deux dynamiques du mouvement féministe occidental renaissant dans les années 1970, soit celle de la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies d’action politique et celle de la dénonciation des violences sexuelles faites aux femmes. Cette marche revêt aussi un aspect original par son caractère international qui s’est développé rapidement grâce entre autres à l’essor des réseaux féministes radicaux américains et européens. Le présent article relatera les origines de ces marches, particulièrement aux États-Unis, au Canada, en Allemagne, en Angleterre et en France, en tentant de découvrir l’origine de la première marche. À partir d’un travail dans les archives canadiennes surtout pour la période 1980-1990, certains des aspects de la marche, tels que le symbolisme de la réappropriation de la nuit par les femmes, la solidarité entre les femmes du monde entier et la célébration de la force des femmes, seront mis en relief.
ПОЛИФЕНОЛИ ГРОЖЂА У ЗАШТИТИ ДОМАЋИХ ЖИВОТИЊА ОД ОКСИДАТИВНОГ СТРЕСА
Authors: Валчић Оливера , Милановић Светлана
Published: February 2018

Актуелни трендови употребе биљних производа у заштити здравља људи иживотиња довели су до широке примене природних полифенола присутних убиљкама, као што су зелени чај, боровница, аронија, итд. На основу досадашњихиспитивања настанка оксидативног стреса као и начина превенције, можемозакључити да су грожђе, семенке грожђа, као и комина показали одређене про-тективне ефекте. In vivo студије ефикасности полифенола су изузетно комплекс-не и до сада су дале контроверзне резултате. У овде представљеном раду дат јепреглед до сада постигнутих сазнања ефеката употребе полифенола грожђа узаштити од оксидативног стреса домаћих животиња.
Effect of Reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling
Authors: Rehman Khadeeja , Shahzad Tanvir , Sahar Amna , Hussain Sabir , Mahmood Faisal , Siddique Muhammad H , Siddique Muhammad A , Rashid Muhammad I
Published: February 2018

Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15-50 % of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. Although the effect of azo dye contamination on soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes has been studied but there is no such study on soil carbon cycling. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg-1 dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic nitrogen availability (P> 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied at low level i.e. 30 mg kg-1 dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in silty loam soil.
Evolutionary radiation of earless frogs in the Andes: molecular phylogenetics and habitat shifts in high-elevation terrestrial breeding frogs
Authors: von May Rudolf , Lehr Edgar , Rabosky Daniel L.
Published: February 2018

The loss of hearing structures and loss of advertisement calls in many terrestrial breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) living at high elevations in South America are common and intriguing phenomena. The Andean frog genusPhrynopusPeters, 1873 has undergone an evolutionary radiation in which most species lack the tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus, yet the phylogenetic relationships among species in this group remain largely unknown. Here, we present an expanded molecular phylogeny ofPhrynopusthat includes 24 nominal species. Our phylogeny includesPhrynopus peruanus, the type species of the genus, and 10 other species for which genetic data were previously unavailable. We found strong support for monophyly ofPhrynopus, and that two nominal species—Phrynopus curatorandPhrynopus nicoleae—are junior synonyms ofPhrynopus tribulosus. Using X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, we demonstrate that the absence of external hearing structures is associated with complete loss of the auditory skeletal elements (columella) in at least one member of the genus. We mapped the tympanum condition on to a species tree to infer whether the loss of hearing structures took place once or multiple times. We also assessed whether tympanum condition, body size, and body shape are associated with the elevational distribution and habitat use. We identified a single evolutionary transition that involved the loss of both the tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus, which in turn is correlated with the absence of advertisement calls. We also identified several species pairs where one species inhabits the Andean grassland and the other montane forest. When accounting for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we detected a significant pattern of increasing body size with increasing elevation. Additionally, species at higher elevations tend to develop shorter limbs, shorter head, and shorter snout than species living at lower elevations. Our findings strongly suggest a link between ecological divergence and morphological diversity of terrestrial breeding frogs living in montane gradients.
Functional outcomes and quality of life after a 6-month early intervention program for oral cancer survivors: a single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Chen Yueh-Hsia , Liang Wei-An , Hsu Chung-Yin , Guo Siang-Lan , Lien Shwu-Huei , Tseng Hsiao-Jung , Chao Yuan-Hung
Published: February 2018

Background

Advanced treatment of oral cancer increases survival rates; however, it also increases the risk of developing shoulder dysfunction, dysphagia, oral dysfunction, donor site morbidity and psychological issues. This single-arm preliminary pilot study aims to explore the effects of a six-month early intervention program following reconstructive surgery in oral cancer survivors.

Methods

A total of 65 participants were analyzed following reconstructive surgery. Outcome measurements were taken during the first visit, and at one, three and six months after reconstructive surgery.

Results

Scapular muscle strength and shoulder range of motion progressively improved during the 6-month follow-up. The mean Disability of the Arms, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score showed significant improvement at 1 month (p < .001). Health related QoL showed significant differences between baseline and 6-months post-surgery scores on global health and on most of the function and symptom scales. The predicted return-to-work rate was 80% at one year after the operation. Return-to-work rate differs in different vocational types, with a higher rate of return in the skilled or semi-skilled (87.5%) and self-employed (86.7%).

Conclusions

We suggest that early integrated intervention program with a follow-up of at least six months following reconstructive surgery may help develop and identify intervention guidelines and goals in the initial six months of treatment following neck dissection in oral cancer survivors.
Olaparib is effective in combination with, and as maintenance therapy after, first‐line endocrine therapy in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Feiersinger Gertrud E. , Trattnig Kristina , Leitner Peter D. , Guggenberger Fabian , Oberhuber Alexander , Peer Sarah , Hermann Martin , Skvortsova Ira , Vrbkova Jana , Bouchal Jan , Culig Zoran , Santer Frédéric R.
Published: February 2018

A number of prostate cancer (PCa)‐specific genomic aberrations (denominated BRCAness genes) have been discovered implicating sensitivity to PARP inhibition within the concept of synthetic lethality. Recent clinical studies show favorable results for the PARP inhibitor olaparib used as single agent for treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant PCa. Using 2D and 3D cell culture models mimicking the different treatment and progression stages of PCa, we evaluated a potential use for olaparib in combination with first‐line endocrine treatments, androgen deprivation, and complete androgen blockade, and as a maintenance therapy following on from endocrine therapy. We demonstrate that the LNCaP cell line, possessing multiple aberrations in BRCAness genes, is sensitive to olaparib. Additive effects of olaparib combined with endocrine treatments in LNCaP are noted. In contrast, we find that the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion‐positive cell lines VCaP and DuCaP do not show signs of synthetic lethality, but are sensitive to cytotoxic effects caused by olaparib. In consequence, additive effects of olaparib with endocrine therapy were not observable in these cell lines, showing the need for synthetic lethality in combination treatment regimens. Additionally, we show that PCa cells remain sensitive to olaparib treatment after initial androgen deprivation implicating a possible use of olaparib as maintenance therapy. In sum, our preclinical data recommend olaparib as a synthetic lethal treatment option in combination or sequenced to first‐line endocrine therapy for PCa patients with diagnosed BRCAness.
The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation Characteristics With Prescribed SSTs
Authors: Zhao M. , Golaz J.‐C. , Held I. M. , Guo H. , Balaji V. , Benson R. , Chen J.‐H. , Chen X. , Donner L. J. , Dunne J. P. , Dunne K. , Durachta J. , Fan S.‐M. , Freidenreich S. M. , Garner S. T. , Ginoux P. , Harris L. M. , Horowitz L. W. , Krasting J. P. , Langenhorst A. R. , Liang Z. , Lin P. , Lin S.‐J. , Malyshev S. L. , Mason E. , Milly P. C. D. , Ming Y. , Naik V. , Paulot F. , Paynter D. , Phillipps P. , Radhakrishnan A. , Ramaswamy V. , Robinson T. , Schwarzkopf D. , Seman C. J. , Shevliakova E. , Shen Z. , Shin H. , Silvers L. G. , Wilson J. R. , Winton M. , Wittenberg A. T. , Wyman B. , Xiang B.
Published: February 2018

In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). This version, with roughly 100 km horizontal resolution and 33 levels in the vertical, contains an aerosol model that generates aerosol fields from emissions and a “light” chemistry mechanism designed to support the aerosol model but with prescribed ozone. In Part 1, the quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode—with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea‐ice distribution—is described and compared with previous GFDL models and with the CMIP5 archive of AMIP simulations. The model's Cess sensitivity (response in the top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux to uniform warming of SSTs) and effective radiative forcing are also presented. In Part 2, the model formulation is described more fully and key sensitivities to aspects of the model formulation are discussed, along with the approach to model tuning.
Retracted: Dasatinib promotes TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis by upregulating CHOP‐dependent death receptor 5 in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Xue Qiang , Wu Liangliang , Wang Baogui , Liang Han
Published: February 2018

Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for first‐line treatment of leukemia and has also been evaluated for use in numerous other cancers. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how dasatinib suppresses the growth of GC cells and interacts with chemotherapeutic drugs. The results showed that, in the presence of dasatinib, proliferation of GC cells decreased and apoptosis increased, and that Fas‐associated death domain protein and caspase‐8 are essential to dasatinib‐induced cell apoptosis in GC. In addition, we found that dasatinib increased the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in GC cells. Dasatinib enhanced apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) in GC cells. Moreover, increased DR5 expression facilitated dasatinib‐induced apoptosis; the dasatinib‐induced increase in DR5 expression was mediated by CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, dasatinib also synergized with TRAIL to induce apoptosis via DR5 in GC cells. Our results show that dasatinib promoted TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis via upregulation of CHOP‐dependent DR5 expression in GC, suggesting that DR5 induction can be used as an indicator of dasatinib sensitivity.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel718–NiCrAlY Composites Prepared by Laser Engineered Net Shaping
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Yan Shuai , Niu Fangyong , Ma Guangyi , Wu Dongjiang , Guo Dongming
Published: February 2018

Near‐defect‐free block Inconel718‐NiCrAlY composites prepared by laser engineered net shaping are investigated in this study. XRD, SEM, and EDS are applied to analyze the phase composition and microstructure characteristics. The mechanical properties are evaluated by microhardness tester and friction‐wear tester. The results show that NiAl brittle intermetallic compounds precipitate in the matrix when NiCrAlY content reaches 60% or more. With the increase of NiCrAlY ratio, the distribution of NiAl changes from intergranular precipitation to intragranular precipitation, and the dendrites growth directions become chaotic. The microhardness of composites improves as the NiCrAlY content rises, reaching to 419 HV for 100%NiCrAlY, and solid solution strengthening has better strengthening effect on microhardness than precipitation strengthening. The wear loss has a clear decrease only when 80% or more NiCrAlY is added, with the maximum wear loss drop of 15.66% for 100%NiCrAlY. The wear mechanisms change from the coexistence of adhesive wear and abrasive wear to mainly abrasive wear with micro brittle fractures when NiCrAlY content is high.
Centimeter‐Sized Cs4PbBr6 Crystals with Embedded CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Showing Superior Photoluminescence: Nonstoichiometry Induced Transformation and Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Zhang Feng , Ge Yong , Shi Lifu , Huang Sheng , Tang Jialun , Lv Zhao , Zhang Li , Zou Bingsuo , Zhong Haizheng
Published: February 2018

An HBr‐assisted slow cooling method is developed for the growth of centimeter‐sized Cs4PbBr6 crystals. The obtained crystals show strong green photoluminescence with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 97%. More importantly, the evolution process and structural characterizations support that the nonstoichiometry of initial Cs4PbBr6 crystals induce the formation of nanosized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in crystalline Cs4PbBr6 matrices. Furthermore, high efficiency and wide color gamut prototype white light‐emitting diode devices are also demonstrated by combining the highly luminescent Cs4PbBr6 crystals as green emitters and commercial K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor as red emitters with blue emitting GaN chips. The optimized devices generate high‐quality white light with luminous efficiency of ≈151 lm W−1 and color gamut of 90.6% Rec. 2020 at 20 mA, which is much better than that based on conventional perovskite nanocrystals. The combination of improved efficiency and better stability with comparable color quality provides an alternative choice for liquid crystal display backlights.
Holey 2D Nanosheets of Low‐Valent Manganese Oxides with an Excellent Oxygen Catalytic Activity and a High Functionality as a Catalyst for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Oh Seung Mi , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Jin Xiaoyan , Jarulertwathana Nutpaphat , Kim In Young , Sarakonsri Thapanee , Kang Yong‐Mook , Hwang Seong‐Ju
Published: February 2018

Holey 2D nanosheets of low‐valent Mn2O3 can be synthesized by thermally induced phase transition of exfoliated layered MnO2 nanosheets. The heat treatment of layered MnO2 nanosheets at elevated temperatures leads not only to transitions to low‐valent manganese oxides but also to the creation of surface hole in the 2D nanosheet crystallites. Despite distinct phase transitions, highly anisotropic 2D morphology of the precursor MnO2 material remains intact upon the heat treatment whereas the diameter of surface hole becomes larger with increasing heating temperature. The obtained holey 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets show promising electrocatalyst performances for oxygen evolution reaction, which are much superior to that of nonporous Mn2O3 crystal. Among the present materials, the holey Mn2O3 nanosheet calcined at 500 °C displays the best electrocatalyst functionality with markedly decreased overpotential, indicating the importance of heating condition in optimizing the electrocatalytic activity. Of prime importance is that this material shows much better catalytic activity for Li–O2 batteries than does nonporous Mn2O3, underscoring the critical role of porous 2D morphology in this functionality. This study clearly demonstrates the unique advantage of holey 2D nanosheet morphology in exploring economically feasible transition metal oxide‐based electrocatalysts and electrodes for Li–O2 batteries.
Unveiling the Role of Dopant Polarity in the Recombination and Performance of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Chang‐Heon , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kim Jang‐Joo
Published: February 2018

The recombination of charges is an important process in organic photonic devices, because the process influences the device characteristics such as the driving voltage, efficiency, and lifetime. Here, by using various homoleptic and heteroleptic Ir complexes as dopants, it is reported that the stationary dipole moment (μ0) of the dopant rather than the trap depth (ΔEt) is a major factor determining the recombination mechanism in dye‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dopants with large μ0 (e.g., homoleptic Ir(III) dyes) induce large charge trapping on them, resulting in high driving voltage and trap‐assisted recombination‐dominated emission. On the other hand, dyes with small μ0 (e.g., heteroleptic Ir(III) dyes) show Langevin recombination‐dominated emission characteristics with much less charge trapping on them no matter what ΔEt is, leading to lower driving voltage and higher efficiencies. This finding will be useful in any organic photonic devices such as phosphorescent or thermally assisted delayed fluorescent dye sensitized fluorescent OLEDs where trapping and recombination mechanisms play key roles.
Noninvasively Modifying Band Structures of Wide‐Bandgap Metal Oxides to Boost Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Zongbao , Chen Xing‐Qiu , Kang Xiangdong , Xie Yingpeng , Zhu Huaze , Wang Shoulong , Ullah Sami , Ma Hui , Wang Lianzhou , Liu Gang , Ma Xiuliang , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: February 2018

Although doping with appropriate heteroatoms is a powerful way of increasing visible light absorption of wide‐bandgap metal oxide photocatalysts, the incorporation of heteroatoms into the photocatalysts usually leads to the increase of deleterious recombination centers of photogenerated charge carriers. Here, a conceptual strategy of increasing visible light absorption without causing additional recombination centers by constructing an ultrathin insulating heterolayer of amorphous boron oxynitride on wide‐bandgap photocatalysts is shown. The nature of this strategy is that the active composition nitrogen in the heterolayer can noninvasively modify the electronic structure of metal oxides for visible light absorption through the interface contact between the heterolayer and metal oxides. The photocatalysts developed show significant improvements in photocatalytic activity under both UV–vis and visible light irradiation compared to the doped counterparts by conventional doping process. These results may provide opportunities for flexibly tailoring the electronic structure of metal oxides.
Regioselective Silver‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Phosphorus Difunctionalization of Maleimides: One‐Step Construction of Phosphonylated Indolylmaleimides and Pyrrolylmaleimides
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Hua , Tan Hong‐Ru , Zhu Jia‐Nan , Zheng Jian , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: February 2018

An efficient silver‐catalyzed intermolecular carbon‐phosphorus difunctionalization of maleimides with indoles/pyrroles and organophosphorus compounds including dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide was developed. A diverse range of phosphonylated indolylmaleimides and pyrrolylmaleimides were obtained in good yields and excellent regioselectivity, involving C−P and C−C bond formations. This methodology is very practical and enables a one‐step construction of difunctionalized maleimides.

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Germanium Thin Film Protected Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate for Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Liu Yijie , Li Chao , Li Bojie , Song Hucheng , Cheng Zhu , Chen Minrui , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2018

Solid‐state Li batteries using Na+ superionic conductor type solid electrolyte attracts wide interest because of its safety and high theoretical energy density. The NASCION type solid electrolyte LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge0.5P3O12) shows favorable conductivity as well as good mechanical strength to prevent Li dendrite penetration. However, the instability of LAGP with Li metal remains a great challenge. In this work, an amorphous Ge thin film is sputtered on an LAGP surface, which can not only suppress the reduction reaction of Ge4+ and Li, but also produces intimate contact between the Li metal and the LAGP solid electrolyte. The symmetric cell with the Ge‐coated LAGP solid electrolyte shows superior stability and cycle performance for 100 cycles at 0.1 mA cm−2. A quasi‐solid‐state Li–air battery has also been assembled to further demonstrate this advantage. A stable cycling performance of 30 cycles in ambient air can be obtained. This work helps to achieve a stable and ionic conducting interface in solid‐state Li batteries.
Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Tune Daniel D. , Flavel Benjamin S.
Published: February 2018

Heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes interfaced with silicon respond to light illumination and can be operated in the power regime as solar cells. Very significant advances have been made in the last 5 years both in terms of headline performance values and in fundamental understanding of the underlying operating principles, as well as the sophistication of the devices and studies being reported. The body of literature is growing rapidly, and the latest power conversion efficiency and active area records have now reached over 17% and 2 cm2, respectively. Thus, the authors believe that it is now a useful time for an evaluation of the current state‐of‐the‐art and challenges going forward, as well as for a comprehensively updated review of progress made in the field. In addition, the authors provide a summary of the various fabrication schemes that have been used, analysis of some of the major device structure–property relationships revealed by comparison of published works, and a thorough breakdown of the various factors involved in improving performance, as well as a critical assessment of the real opportunities that may exist for this technology in the context of the wider silicon photovoltaics industry.
Superlattice Formation of Crystal Water in Layered Double Hydroxides for Long‐Term and Fast Operation of Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Choi Sun Hee , Shin Jaeho , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Choi Jang Wook
Published: February 2018

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to conventional nonaqueous lithium ion batteries. However, finding electrode materials with competitive electrochemical properties in various aspects is challenging. Moreover, the operation mechanism of some of high performance electrode materials is not fully understood. Here, an α‐phase layered double hydroxide (α‐LDH) working in alkaline electrolytes as an ARB cathode is reported. On charge, OH− carrier ions intercalate into the interlayer space and react with protons detached from the host structure to yield crystal water. This crystal water is then arranged in a superlattice during charging to accommodate carrier ions and stabilize the structure. The solid solution mixing of cobalt and nickel also stabilizes the structure during the wide range of redox swing of Ni from 2+ to 4+. In pairing with Fe3O4/Fe(OH)2 mixture, the α‐LDH exhibits 198.0 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1, 68.3% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, and 172.5 mA h g−1 at 1 min charge, demonstrating the promise of hydrated compounds for ARB electrodes. The present study elucidates that the arrangement of crystal water within the host framework plays a critical role in determining the electrochemical performance of the corresponding hydrated active compound in aqueous media.
Postsynthetic Functionalization of Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Extraction of Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Lu Qiuyu , Ma Yunchao , Li Hui , Guan Xinyu , Yusran Yusran , Xue Ming , Fang Qianrong , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin
Published: February 2018

Chemical functionalization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is critical for tuning their properties and broadening their potential applications. However, the introduction of functional groups, especially to three‐dimensional (3D) COFs, still remains largely unexplored. Reported here is a general strategy for generating a 3D carboxy‐functionalized COF through postsynthetic modification of a hydroxy‐functionalized COF, and for the first time exploration of the 3D carboxy‐functionalized COF in the selective extraction of lanthanide ions. The obtained COF shows high crystallinity, good chemical stability, and large specific surface area. Furthermore, the carboxy‐functionalized COF displays high metal loading capacities together with excellent adsorption selectivity for Nd3+ over Sr2+ and Fe3+ as confirmed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherms and ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations. This study not only provides a strategy for versatile functionalization of 3D COFs, but also opens a way to their use in environmentally related applications.
One‐Pot Tandem Photoredox and Cross‐Coupling Catalysis with a Single Palladium Carbodicarbene Complex
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Wang Vincent C.‐C. , Au‐Yeung Ka‐Chun , Tsai Chung‐Yu , Chang Chun‐Chi , Lin Bo‐Chao , Chan Yi‐Tsu , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Yap Glenn P. A. , Jurca Titel , Ong Tiow‐Gan
Published: February 2018

The combination of conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling (2 e− process) and photoredox catalysis (1 e− process) has emerged as a powerful approach to catalyze difficult cross‐coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions. Reported is a palladium carbodicarbene (CDC) complex that mediates both a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and photoredox catalysis for C−N bond formation upon visible‐light irradiation. These two catalytic pathways can be combined to promote both conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling and photoredox catalysis to mediate C−H arylation under ambient conditions with a single catalyst in an efficient one‐pot process.