bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEVERAGING COMMUNITY RADIO STATION (CRS) AS A TOOL TO EMPOWER RURAL COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF ODISHA’S RADIO NAMASKAR
Authors: Akhter Jawed
Published: September 2024

A community radio station popularly abbreviated (CRS) is more than just an informational tool. The stories of many people are combined into the story of one community by its waves. Community media can delve deeper and document local events that mainstream media often ignores. By giving the community required access to information, updates, and assistance during emergencies, community radio stations are essential in helping to handle local crises. This study examines the role of community radio stations as a transformative instrument for strengthening rural communities with a case study of Odisha's Radio Namaskar. A thorough assessment of the radio station’s impact and its reach is expected to be achieved by methodically measuring factors. The study is expected to focus on social integration, economic empowerment, and cultural preservation as empowering factors of the community. The study will employ the quantitative method to assess the multidimensional impact of Radio Namaskar on people residing around the radio station. The research aims to improve the understanding of the role of a community radio that can help in supporting the rural development that the local community in Odisha has experienced. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the discourse on the impact of community radio in fostering local empowerment and sustainable development. The study may provide insights on best practices that can help policymakers and community radio practitioners to leverage community radio stations as powerful tools for empowerment.
IMPACT OF PERVASIVE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING ON YOUTH - A STUDY ON COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT
Authors: S. Tamilarasi , E. V. Prabha
Published: September 2024

The impact of social media on adolescents has created opportunities for corporate brands and advertising agencies to target and engage with young audiences in unprecedented ways. The use of traditional media by youth has its positive and negative sides, but the impact of social media is less understood. The present study focuses on the exposure of the college going students towards the promotion and marketing of products in the social media platforms. The respondents are youth under the age group of 17- 24yrs. The theory taken in this study is Uses and Gratification theory. Online survey is administered for data collection. Purposive sampling method was chosen to reach the actual respondents and also to minimize error. Social media platforms were mainly accessed through smartphones among the youth. The study revealed that there is relation between internet exposure and social media advertising and rely on social media advertisements for information about a product that is trending in the market. The youth prefers advertisements in Facebook, Instagram, Amazon site, Nykaa, Myntra and the most significant aspect in these platforms that draws their attention is visual design, headline, title and the product itself. The youth feel that Facebook, Instagram triggers them to buy the advertised products. They also felt that Facebook and Instagram as the medium for sharing comments after purchasing and help in pre judgement of products hence leading to the change in the attitude of buying products after reading the comments. The youth also felt that these medium act as the forum for voicing out their opinion about the products. The male users have more impact on the purchase behavior when compared to the female users who are exposed to social media advertisements. The study also concluded that energy dense food advertisements attract the youth and these social media platforms proved to be their ideal medium where they post picture of what they eat.
DOIS LADOS DE UMA MESMA MOEDA: PENSANDO A CENTRALIDADE INTERURBANA A PARTIR DE CENTROS LOCAIS E DA ATIVIDADE TURÍSTICA
Authors: Silva Moacir Vieira da , Gomes Rita de Cássia Conceição
Published: September 2024

O presente texto propõe uma leitura do fenômeno da centralidade interurbana a partir dos centros locais e do turismo, explorando uma escala e conteúdo não comuns nas investigações tradicionais sobre e
QUEIMADAS (PB), CIDADE PEQUENA OU QUASE-CIDADE? DEFINIÇÃO SEGUINDO OS PARÂMETROS QUE CONSTATAM UMA COMPLEXIDADE MÍNIMA
Authors: Santos Anderson Xavier Dos
Published: September 2024

Nosso olhar se direciona para as cidades pequenas, porém adjetivar uma cidade como pequena é penoso, pois alude revelar o nível de complexidade mínima desses espaços. Logo, no presente trabalho, busc
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis (RMFA) of Dentists using Optical Microscope, Loupes, or No Magnification during Endodontic Access: A Pilot Study
Authors: Juan Carlos Ortiz Hugues , Carlos G Adorno
Published: September 2024

Dentistry is a challenging and demanding physical profession, and this impacts not only the quality of the task outcomes but also the professional’s quality of life. The nature of dentistry demands prolonged static and awkward seated postures, frequent motions, positioning struggles, and working distances to the oral cavity for strategic procedure management, which become cumulative challenges over the working days, prone to discomfort, pain, or injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders for the operator. The limitations of the naked eye in dentistry, particularly in terms of visual information and resolution, underscore the need for visual aids. These aids are crucial for achieving the precision required for accurate procedures. Also, visual aids, such as magnifying loupes and the operative microscope, have been in the market for a while, and their proper use has shown ergonomic benefits that promote a neutral working posture and changes in work practice-oriented to control unbalanced awkward posture and motions. In this study, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment RULA compares the posture between naked-eye dentistry, conventional loupes, and operative microscope, and with the observational assessment, determine the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and the need for priority of change. The Rodgers muscle fatigue analysis RMFA is used to predict fatigue in the muscular regions of the body during specific dental tasks.
Causes of under-five mortality using verbal autopsies in urban slum areas in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Billah Md Arif , Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Chowdhury Razib , Shafique Sohana , Sarker Bidhan Krishna , Bhuiyan M. Munirul Alam , Alam Sayed Saidul , Kim Minjoon , Matin Md Ziaul , Jahangir Margub Aref , Ferdous Jannatul , Vandenent Maya , Alam Md. Abdur Razzaqul , Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed , Razzaque Abdur , Rahman Anisur
Published: September 2024

Background

Under-5 deaths in urban slum communities are often unnoticed in many cases. However, previous surveys reported a high burden of mortality. Therefore, we presented the distribution of the causes of death of under-5 children in selected urban slum areas in Bangladesh.

Methods

Since October 2020, the Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Urban HDSS) has been collecting verbal autopsy information for neonates, children, and adults to report the causes of death. We used the data collected by the trained Field Workers- from all households (30,857) in the ongoing HDSS area, comprising 118,238 people. The causes of deaths were identified by using the WHO-standardized verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaire that was reviewed and coded by a trained physician. Later, the cause-specific fractions of the deaths were evaluated by the child’s age, sex, the mother’s education, occupation, household wealth quintile, slum locations, mode and place of delivery, and antenatal and postnatal care.

Results

A total of 155 deaths of children under-5 years were interviewed during October 2020–2021. Most of them were neonates (67.7%), boys (67.7%), belonged to poor households (43.9%), born at home (51%) and had vaginal delivered (77%). Most of the mothers of the deceased children took antenatal care services (80%), and a comparatively lower proportion received postnatal care (39.3% and 47.1% of mothers and children, respectively). In this slum area, birth asphyxia (25.2%) was the major leading cause of under-5 deaths occurred in the neonatal period (37.1%), followed by other infections (14.2%) and pneumonia (16.1%). Other important causes of death were cerebral ischemia (7.7%), prematurity and low birth weights (6.5%), congenital anomalies (5.2%), and other external causes (18.1%), contributed to the under-5 child deaths. The cause of mortality fraction varied by different socioeconomic and delivery-related attributes such as place, mode of delivery, and utilization of ANC and PNC visits.

Conclusions

Major causes of under-5 death are birth asphyxia, pneumonia, and infectious diseases. Adequate attention and additional safety measures, education and awareness about child’s health among mothers, and proper delivery care for pregnant slum women and children could prevent under-5 deaths in the slum area.
Phytochemical constituents of tea tree oil and garlic and their antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from high vaginal swabs
Authors: Chinenye Laureata Alaebo  , Christopher Okwudili Anyamene  , Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila  , Uchechi Mercy Njoemena  , Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu Udemezue
Published: September 2024

Bacterial vaginal infections are common and often recurrent issues primarily caused by an imbalance in the vaginal flora. With rising antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments like natural substances are being explored. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of garlic and tea tree oil on high vaginal swab (HVS) bacterial isolates. A total of 75 HVS samples were collected and each was inoculated on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Pure isolates were identified through standard methods and molecular characterization. Garlic and tea tree oil were analysed for bioactive components using qualitative phytochemical methods. Antibacterial susceptibility testing was also carried out on the compounds using agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the isolates. The primary bacterial isolates identified out of the 75 bacterial isolates obtained were Lactobacillus spp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri which had a frequency distribution of 21, 35, 14 and 5 respectively. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed presence of allicin, flavonoids, reducing sugar, saponins and tannins in garlic while tea tree oil showed presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and terpinen-4-ol. The inhibition zone diameters (IZD) for garlic ranged from 9.50±0.35 mm at 12.5 mg/ml against S. flexneri to 23.00±0.28 and 23.00±0.71 mm at 200 mg/ml against E. coli and S. aureus respectively, while the IZD values for tea tree oil ranged from 8.00±0.00 mm at 25 mg/ml against Lactobacillus spp to 25.00±0.78 mm at 200 mg/ml against S. aureus. The MIC values for garlic were 12.5 to 50 mg/ml, whereas tea tree oil showed MIC values of 12.5 to 100 mg/ml. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for garlic ranged from 50 to 200 mg/ml and for tea tree oil from 25 to 200 mg/ml. These findings indicated that tea tree oil is more effective than garlic against the bacterial isolates. Both garlic and tea tree oil exhibit potent antibacterial effects against the isolates. These substances could be potential alternatives or adjuncts to conventional treatments for bacterial vaginal infections. In vivo studies and clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and develop appropriate therapeutic formulations.
MATERIAL SOURCES IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH: FROM TRADITION TO INNOVATION
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Rumyantseva Marina F.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the significance of material historical sources in the system of types of historical sources from the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. It is shown that in the propaedeutics/manuals on the historical method since the mid-19th century, material historical sources occupied an essential place, along with written historical sources, but they were not involved in the practice of historical science. The explanation of this phenomenon is given using the concept of two types of cultures, historical and traditional, by Yu. M. Lotman. The factors of the beginning of the turn to material historical sources in source studies at the end of the 20th century are explicated. Firstly, there is an anthropological/cultural/pragmatic turn in historical knowledge, associated both with the crisis of the historical narrative and with the awareness of the excessive schematicity of structural history. Secondly, the transformation of the object of source studies, which is most important for the problem under consideration. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the concept empirical reality of the historical world as a macroobject of historical cognition formulated by O. M. Medushevskaya within the framework of the theory of cognitive history. Its properties of universality and structurality, which determine its importance as an empirical basis for building a global history on a comparative basis, are analyzed. Thirdly, the actualization of the task of overcoming Eurocentrism, the situation of the clash of civilizations and the formulation of the geopolitical task of their synergy require the expansion of the source base beyond the traditional written sources for the historical type of culture, primarily at the expense of material sources as the most universal for different civilizations. In conclusion, the difficulties of involving material historical sources in scientific turnover are explicated and ways to overcome them are outlined.
PUNJERING NGAURIP: Understanding the Yogyakarta Palace on the Philosophical Axis of the Yogyakarta Palace in the Perspective of Cultural Philosophy
Authors: Permadi Danur Putut , Teguh  , Kholis Nur
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the efforts of the Yogyakarta regional government to submit the Yogyakarta Palace's Philosophical Axis as a cultural heritage to UNESCO. This axis is a road that stretches from the Krapyak Stage, the Yogyakarta Palace, and the Yogyakarta Monument. This axis is the implementation of one of the Javanese philosophies, Sangkan Paraning Dumadi. This philosophy explains that humans must be able to understand how they can be born in this world and what their goal is born. This study aims to analyze the meaning of the Yogyakarta Palace in the philosophical axis and analyze the position of the Yogyakarta Palace using the perspective of cultural philosophy. The data obtained in this study came from in-depth interviews and documentation. By using a phenomenological approach, it is found that the Yogyakarta Palace is the center of the Philosophical Axis because it symbolizes harmony and eternity between the people, nature and the king. Besides, in the Mitis stage, the palace is interpreted as a sacred complex where various traditional ceremonies take place. And at the functional stage, the palace is not only interpreted as part of the philosophical axis. And at the functional stage, the palace is not only interpreted as part of the philosophical axis. But also interpreted as the center of tourist destinations in the city of Yogyakarta. From these findings it can be concluded that there has been a shift in the meaning of the Yogyakarta Palace as the center of the philosophical axis into one of the tourist attractions that are economically valuable.
Qwelqwelústen/Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, British Columbia: Inter-eruptive landslide susceptibility assessment using statistical machine learning techniques
Authors: Connelly Jason , Sepúlveda Sergio , Williams-Jones Glyn
Published: September 2024

Over the last 60 years, six landslides with volumes from 105 m3 to 5.3 × 107 m3 have occurred around Qwelqwelústen (Mount Meager Volcanic Complex; MMVC), southwestern British Columbia, Canada. The dormant volcanic massif has experienced significant uplift leading to exposed and incised Miocene and older basement rocks and volcanic rocks associated with the MMVC. The topographic relief and variation in rock types creates a complex environment where the interplay between lithology and landslide initiation can be captured. We developed models using logistic regression and random forest methods to assess the most critical parameters affecting inter-eruptive landslide susceptibility in the area. Both approaches indicate that Devastator Peak and Plinth Peak volcanic assemblages are of notably higher landslide susceptibility. Large landslides originated in higher areas, but long runout poses the main hazard. Results support the need for detailed geological mapping for landslide susceptibility assessments in elevated volcanic massifs worldwide.
The Effectiveness of Using Canva as Assisted Language Learning Media to Improve Undergraduate Students’ Writing Skill
Authors: Fauzi Imam
Published: September 2024

Writing skills are something that all teachers should be aware of. A business pamphlet is one of the writing assignments for economics and business students. This study aimed to determine the differences in the learning outcomes of economics and business students by applying the Canva application as an English learning tool to improve their writing skills. The research design used a quasi-experimental design. The research population is economics and business students for the 2022-2023 academic year. The research sample was taken using a saturated sampling technique with the experimental and control groups. The data analysis technique used is the analysis prerequisite test including the normality test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the post-test average value of the experimental class students' learning outcomes was 81.94, and the control class was 77.34. The hypothesis testing results showed a significant difference between learning outcomes and student activity in the experimental group, which was better than the control group. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of the Canva application in learning activities to improve the writing skills of economic and business students which was applied to the experimental class had a significantly greater value than students in the control class using PPT software for learning activities and writing skills. In the learning process, lecturers can develop English learning by using learning applications that are more effective and interesting in improving English learning outcomes and students’ writing skills in accordance with learning objectives.
Career Development Strategies: English Students’ Interest Program at Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang
Authors: Mulyanah Euis Yanah , Khofifah Husna , Ningsih Tarum , Faradilla Nanda , Adela Mila
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of career development among English language students. The study focuses on the interest of Muhammadiyah Tangerang University students who participated in workshop activities at Ahmad Dahlan University. The research was conducted through observation and questionnaires, and a total of 20 students were surveyed. The results of our observations indicate that 96% of the surveyed students had a positive perception of the benefits of the study tour to Jogja in supporting their careers based on their interests. Out of the 20 students surveyed, 80% expressed an interest in public speaking and opted for practical methods to develop their skills. The study's findings offer valuable insights into how educational institutions can better prepare their students to face the challenges of the constantly evolving world of work. The study presents practical training practices for students in various skills relevant to the tourism industry.
Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: A Study of English Teachers' TPACK
Authors: Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Purnama Atmaranie Dewi , Harmilawati Harmilawati , Aminah Sitti , Irmayani Irmayani , Takdir Takdir , AR Amran
Published: September 2024

The use of AI in language education has been widely discussed especially in identifying the teachers’ ability in utilizing AI in language teaching as well as how teachers perceive the utilization of AI are significant. To address these needs, the researchers used a TPACK survey instrument and semi-structured interview to assess 6 English teachers' ability to use AIEd at Islamic University of Ahmad Dahlan. Findings show that there are several challenges faced by the users of AIEd in English language courses such as (1) limited technological knowledge, (2) lack of training, (3) limited access to technological resources, (4) student skill levels, (5) policy and administrative constraints, as well as (6) curriculum changes and needs. Overall, the application of AIEd in language teaching in UIAD has the potential to significantly enhance learning outcomes for English learners by providing personalized, adaptive, and engaging learning experiences supported by data-driven insights and continuous improvement.
Unravelling Gender Inequality: A Semiotic Analysis of Taylor Swift's Song Lyrics
Authors: Fadila Wildania , Nisa Baiatun
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the semiotic representations of gender inequality within Taylor Swift's song lyrics. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, it analyzes the signifier and signified embedded in her music. Drawing upon Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory, the study delves into the material aspects of language—what is seen, heard, or read (signifier)—and the corresponding mental images or concepts (signified). Through a comprehensive analysis of Swift's songs, including "The Man," "Mad Woman," and "Look What You Made Me Do," the research uncovers the pervasive gender gap and mistreatment faced by women in various societal contexts. Data collection involves listening to the songs, understanding their meaning, and observing instances of discrimination against women in daily life. The findings highlight the significance of Swift's music as a platform for discourse on gender inequality, shedding light on the ongoing struggle for women's rights in contemporary society.
Exploring Students’ Preferences of the Differences between British & American English
Authors: Muid Abdul , Setiawan Iwan , Suhatmady Bibit
Published: September 2024

The differences between American and British English have drawn more attention in the continually changing field of English language instruction. This study aimed to investigate students' preferences regarding the distinctions between British and American English in terms of spelling and lexical usage. Conducted using a quantitative approach, the research involved administering a vocabulary test to 129 ninth-grade students in a private junior high school in Bontang. The findings indicated a prevalent inclination towards American English, with a majority of students showing a preference for American English spellings and terminologies over British English counterparts. Specifically, the data revealed that American English was mostly favored in 63.4% of the cases analyzed, highlighting the significant influence of American English on the linguistic choices of students. These results contribute to a better understanding of how language variations impact language preferences among students, shedding light on the dominance of American English in contemporary educational settings.
URGENSI PANCASILA DALAM PENDIDIKAN DASAR DIMASA SEKARANG DAN MASA DEPAN
Authors: Yohamintin Yohamintin , Widiansyah Apriyanti
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui urgensi pancasila dalam pendidikan dasar di Indonesia, yang meliputi fungsi dan kedudukan pancasila pada generasi penerus bangsa. Penelitian ini mengkaji dan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor serta fungsi dan  kedudukan Pancasila dalam pendidikan saat ini, dan khususnya di masa mendatang. Data yang disajikan berasal dari survei literatur dan tinjauan literatur dari berbagai sumber yang relevan. Metode yang dipakai adalah  metode kualitatif dari kajian literature. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian literatur bahwa Pancasila sangat penting bagi pendidikan generasi muda saat ini karena dapat membantu mereka tetap dekat dengan budaya mereka sendiri dan memberi mereka kesempatan untuk berpikir dan bertindak sesuai dengan makna Pancasila dan kehidupan sehari-hari.Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Pendidikan, Fungsi, Kedudukan AbstractThe goal of this study is to ascertain the necessity of Pancasila in Indonesian basic education, including Pancasila's role and place in the country's next generation. The role of Pancasila in education today, and particularly in the future, is examined in this study together with other issues. The information supplied was obtained through a literature study and literature survey of several pertinent sources. A qualitative method based on a literature study was employed. According to the findings of the literature review, Pancasila is crucial for the education of today's youth because it can help them stay connected to their culture and provide them the chance to think and behave in ways that are consistent with its meaning and daily life.Keywords: Pancasila, Education,  Function, Position
ANALYSIS OF PERSON'S PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS
Authors: Munali Munali , Liberna Hawa , Mutakin Tatan Zenal
Published: September 2024

This research is part of the development of an essay item instrument for problem-solving skills in the Basic Mathematics Course. Measuring the ability of Mathematics problem-solving skills was carried out on 298 students of the Information Systems Study Program at Indraprastha University PGRI Jakarta, Odd Semester, Academic Year 2023-2024. This research aims to analyze the person's ability to solve problems in the Basic Mathematics Subject with 15 questions. The dimensions of problem-solving skills include two dimensions, namely: 1) observation skills and 2) critical thinking skills. This research uses a quantitative research methodology with an analysis of a person's abilities using the Rasch Model. The results of the research are: 1) there are 271 valid people out of 298 people, 2) person number 109 is the person with the highest ability, namely 0.23 logit, and person number 14 is the person with the lowest ability, namely -4.21 logit, 3) Cronbach's Alpha (KR-20) person reliability score is 0.77, meaning that the person reliability coefficient score can holistically be categorized as good and acceptable, 3) person reliability score is 0.85, meaning that person reliability can be categorized as good and acceptable. , 4) the mean person measure score is -1.16 logit < 0.00 logit indicating the student's ability is less than the level of difficulty of the item, and 5) the accuracy of the person's ability to respond to problem-solving skills is 22% in the low category. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that: students' problem-solving skills are in the low category. To improve people's abilities by getting students used to solving mathematical problems related to everyday life.Keywords:21st Century Learning, Problem Solving Skills, Rasch Model
COMPARISON OF LEARNING OUTCOMES OF 11TH GRADE STUDENTS AFTER BEING TAUGHT USING THE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) AND MAKE A MATCH (MAM) LEARNING MODELS ON THE TOPIC OF LIMIT AlGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Masruroh Masruroh , Sari Dwi Ivayana
Published: September 2024

Lately, there has been a decline in students' learning outcomes due to the use of teaching models that are not suitable for the teacher. There are many teaching models that can be used to create the desired interaction. One of them is by implementing cooperative learning models. Some appropriate cooperative learning models to engage students' attention are Teams Game Tournament (TGT) and Make A Match (MAM). The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of learning outcomes of 11th grade students who were taught using the TGT and MAM learning models on the topic of limit of algebraic functions, and to determine which learning model, TGT or MAM, is more effective for 11th grade students. This research is a quantitative study. There are two classes involved in this research, namely Experiment Class 1 (TGT) and Experiment Class 2 (MAM). The subjects of this research are 11th grade students of MA Raudlatul Ulum, Klampis. The data analysis technique used in this research is inferential statistics and n gain score test. The results of this research show that there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between the application of the TGT and MAM learning models on the limit of algebraic functions. The research findings indicate that the MAM learning model is more effective for 11th grade students with an average score of 78% compared to the TGT learning model with an average score of 75%.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, TGT, MAM
Comparison of the Classical Test Theory and the Rasch Model in the Analysis of Mastery Test of Concept Systems of Linear (SPLDV)
Authors: Ciptari Putu Aulia , Purwanti Ni Kadek Rini , Erawati Ni Ketut
Published: September 2024

This study aims to compare the analysis of the quality of a measurement instrument for concept understanding using the classical test theory approach and the Rasch model. The analysis methods for instrument quality, including validity, reliability, item difficulty, and item discrimination, were applied to the SPLDV concept mastery instrument. The research findings reveal differences in the instrument quality between the two approaches. The analysis through the classical test theory approach shows good instrument quality regarding validity and reliability, although item difficulty still needs improvement. On the other hand, the analysis through the Rasch model shows variation in item difficulty and sufficient reliability. While the item discrimination through the classical test theory approach is categorized as good, the analysis through the Rasch model yields unsatisfactory results. In conclusion, the quality of the instrument can differ depending on the approach used. This study provides a better understanding of the differences between the classical test theory approach and the Rasch model in analyzing the quality of a measurement instrument for conceptual understanding.
Estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para Presidente Prudente, SP
Authors: Barbosa Alexandrius De Moraes , Cavalcanti Almir Rogerio
Published: September 2024

A avaliação do desempenho de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) é essencial para o manejo eficiente e sustentável da água. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência em função das estações do ano para Presidente Prudente, SP. Foi avaliada a ETo do período de 2019 a 2023, sendo estudado o desempenho médio anual e em cada estação do ano (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). Foram avaliados dezenove métodos de estimativa utilizando como referência de comparação o método de Penman-Monteith-FAO. O desempenho dos métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência varia conforme as estações do ano, apresentando melhor desempenho no verão e menor no inverno. O melhor desempenho anual foi obtido pelos métodos de Abtew, Hargreaves, Priestley e Taylor, Radiação-Líquida, Radiação-Temperatura e Turc. Os métodos de Priestley e Taylor e Radiação-Líquida foram os que tiveram maior estabilidade e melhor desempenho ao longo das estações do ano. Métodos que utilizam radiação solar apresentaram melhor desempenho. Quando se dispõe somente de dados de temperatura do ar, utilizar o método de Hargreaves-Samani.
The Role of Linguistic Agency in Mobilizing Election Candidate Support
Authors: Nikadon Jan , Suitner Caterina , Erseghe Tomaso , Džanko Lejla , Olech Michał , Jurek Pawel , Formanowicz Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Agency pertains to the focus on planning and executing actions and is therefore a core feature of the political landscape. Our study examines the temporal dynamics of linguistic agency use in political online discourse during the 2020 U.S. Congressional Elections, 180 before and after the Election Day, and before Capitol Hill riots. 495,252 messages posted by Democrat and Republican candidates on Twitter were coded for linguistic agency. It was prevalent in tweets of politicians that later won elections. Temporal analyses revealed agency increase while getting closer to a critical political event, be it a planned democratic event (Election Day), or a sudden disruptive protest (Capitol riots). The study contributes to our understanding of the role of agency expression in political social media communication, as politicians may strive to evoke agency among their voters in their call for political engagement, and voters may be warned from our results about this subtle (and possibly unaware) manipulative strategy.
Line Theory: Effect, Node, and Line in Space
Authors: Degu Temesgen
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a conceptual framework, denoted as ‘Line Theory,’ which is predicatedon the procedural anatomy inherent in ordinary plans. A plan, recognized as a set ofinstructions for execution, undergoes in-depth scrutiny to analyze its constituent elements.The concise examination delves into the formation of line and effect within real spacestemming from procedures. Line theory serves the purpose of elucidating the absoluteoptimization of plans. It is formulated to inaugurate an exploration into the veracity ofprocedures and their elemental changes, examining their correlation with space and motion atthe most fundamental level. The scientific community has extensively delved into theexamination of the behavior and structure of objects at the microscopic level. This paperendeavors to stimulate interest in the analogous analysis of procedures. The fundamentalobjective within this theoretical framework is to offer a distinct philosophical perspective onchanges and effects.
A Marble and a Photon: Single Speed Hypothesis
Authors: Degu Temesgen
Published: September 2024

This study explores the concept of velocity within the framework of the physical interpretationof acceleration and deceleration for moving objects in space. A thought experiment involving amarble and a photon is employed to introduce the hypothesis that all objects in space inherentlytravel at the speed of light when in motion. Through a series of systematically structured thoughtexperiments, this hypothesis and related conclusions are examined and substantiated. Newton’sfirst law of motion serves as the foundation for these scenarios, allowing for logical conclusionsto be derived. The methodology prioritizes logical reasoning over detailed mathematicalformulations to provide a more accessible presentation.
Principles for Responsible AI Usage in Research
Authors: Knoechel Tim-Dorian , Schweizer Konrad , Acar Oguz A. , Akil Atakan M. , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Buehler Florian , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Giannini Alice , Heyselaar Evelien , Hosseini Mohammad , Ilangovan Vinodh , Kovacs Marton , Lin Zhicheng , Liu Meng , Peeters Anco , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Vranka Marek Albert , Yamada Yuki , Yang Yu-Fang , Aczel Balazs
Published: September 2024

In a rapidly evolving AI landscape, policymakers, publishers, and researchers have to continuously re-define responsible practices for research. Our consensus describes the fundamental principles required for responsible AI usage to guide everyday research and the development of future policies.
Self-Other Generalisation Shapes Social Interaction and Is Disrupted in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Barnby Joseph M , Nguyen Jen , Griem Julia , Wloszek Magdalena , Burgess Henry , Richards Linda , Kingston Jess L , Cooper Gavin , Consortium London Personality and Mood Disorders , Montague P. Read , Dayan Peter , Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter
Published: September 2024

Generalising information from ourselves to others, and others to ourselves allows for both a dependable source of navigation and adaptability in interpersonal exchange. Disturbances to social development in sensitive periods can cause enduring and distressing damage to lasting healthy relationships. However, identifying the mechanisms of healthy exchange has been difficult. We introduce a theory of self-other generalisation tested with data from a three-phase social value orientation task - the Intentions Game. We involved individuals with (n=50) and without (n=53) a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and assessed whether self-other information generalisation may explain interpersonal (in)stability. Healthy controls initially used their preferences to predict others and were influenced by their partners, leading to self-other convergence. In contrast, individuals with borderline personality disorder maintained distinct self-other representations, generating a new neutral prior to begin learning. Both groups steadily reduced their updating over time, with healthy participants showing increased sensitivity to update beliefs. Furthermore, we explored theory-driven individual differences underpinning learning. Overall, the findings provide a clear explanation of how self-other generalisation constrains and assists learning, how childhood adversity disrupts this through separation of internalised beliefs and makes clear predictions about the mechanisms of social information integration under uncertainty.
Behavioral Variability as a Function of People, Situation, and Their Interaction
Authors: Xi Muchen , Jackson Joshua James
Published: September 2024

Behavioral variability has long been a central topic in personality psychology. Traditionally, research has focused on differences in mean levels of behavior across situations and time, rather than taking a situation-specific approach. These approaches neglect variability (or the opposite, consistency) within a situation, often treating within-situation variability as mere error. This study investigates three primary questions involving behavioral variability: 1) is variability a general characteristic of individuals or contingent on situational factors? 2) Do situations influence behavioral variability either by allowing for more behavioral variability or by increasing behavioral consistency? and 3) Do personality traits interact with situations to affect variability? Utilizing intensive longitudinal data from two studies, we developed a novel Situational Density Distribution (SDD) model to capture person-specific within-situation variability. Our findings indicate that behavioral variability is not solely a function of individual differences but is significantly shaped by situational contexts. Contrary to the strong situation hypothesis, situations can influence behavioral variability in both directions, making people more and less variable. Finally, personality traits were found to modulate the impact of situations on behavioral consistency, suggesting that variability reflects the interplay between person and situation factors. These results highlight the importance of considering behavioral variability, which offers insights into personality dynamics rather than exclusively focusing on mean-level analyses. The implications of the SDD model for studying person-situation transactions are also discussed.
School racial composition and the emergence of Black-White within-school inequalities: network-based foundations
Authors: Souto-Maior Joao
Published: September 2024

This article investigates mechanism-based explanations for a well-known macro-level pattern in sociology of education, namely, that Black-White unequal access to advanced coursework is the highest in racially diverse and majority-White schools. The study proposes that school racial composition (defined as the share of Whites) could influence the emergence of Black-White course-taking inequalities through the combination of two factors: (a), the relevance of network-based resources for advanced enrollment; and (b), the known relationship between racial composition and network structure. Through an empirically informed agent-based model, this study provides support for the proposed theoretical pathway and shows that, when combined with empirically representative structural inequalities, this racial composition effect can help explaining the pattern of interest. Possible policy implications are discussed.
Smartphone Use in Germany in 2023: A Mixed-Method Investigation
Authors: Toth Roland , Parry Douglas A. , Emmer Martin
Published: September 2024

Our understanding of typical smartphone behavior has only recently begun to advance due to the accessibility of increasingly valid data sources. Beyond analysing the frequency, duration, and content of smartphone activities, there is substantial value in understanding when people engage in particular forms of mobile media use, and data collection methods that go beyond simple retrospective self-reports provide the means to do so. This paper contributes to our understanding of contemporary smartphone usage patterns and their temporal dynamics by employing a mixed-method dataset obtained through Android logging, iOS data donation, and mobile experience sampling methods. This dataset captures both the quantity and quality of smartphone use among a large, quota-targeted sample of German adults (n = 1,798). The findings provide a comprehensive view of smartphone use, examining both overall trends and daily rhythms. They reveal that smartphone usage is typified by frequent, short interactions, with younger users displaying more fragmented patterns compared to older counterparts, alongside variations in the gratifications derived across age groups. These findings lay the groundwork for further theorization about the causes, nature, and consequences of the observed usage patterns, while also offering essential contextual and methodological insights for researchers employing intensive longitudinal approaches to evaluate smartphone usage.
Hoarding without hoarders: unpacking the emergence of opportunity hoarding within schools
Authors: Souto-Maior Joao
Published: September 2024

Sociologists increasingly highlight the role of opportunity hoarding in the formation of Black-White educational inequalities. Informed by this literature, this article unpacks the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the hoarding of educational resources emerges within schools. It develops a qualitatively informed agent-based model which captures Black and White students' competition for a valuable school resource: advanced coursework. In contrast to traditional accounts --- which explain the emergence of hoarding through the actions of Whites that keep valuable resources within White communities --– simulations, perhaps surprisingly, show hoarding to arise even when Whites do not play the role of hoarders of resources. Behind this result is the fact that a structural inequality (i.e., racial differences in social class), and not action-driven hoarding, is the necessary condition for hoarding to emerge. Findings, therefore, illustrate that common action-driven understandings of opportunity hoarding can overlook the structural foundations behind this important phenomenon. Possible policy implications are discussed.
Editorial Vol.3
Authors: Adhikari I.P.
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Study on E-Commerce Growth and Impact on Indian Economic Development
Authors: Poonam  , Saini Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2024

The burgeoning growth of e-commerce has emerged as a pivotal force shaping the trajectory of Indian economic development. This research paper offers a comprehensive examination of the evolving landscape of e-commerce in India and its far-reaching implications for economic growth and societal transformation. Employing an exploratory research approach, this study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of e-commerce expansion, elucidating key categories of e-commerce businesses and the diverse array of organizations engaged in e-business activities. By analyzing the drivers and dynamics of e-commerce growth, the paper seeks to unravel the intricate web of factors fueling the rapid adoption of digital commerce platforms across various sectors of the Indian economy. The research endeavors to quantify the tangible and intangible impacts of e-commerce on economic development, exploring its role in stimulating consumer demand, enhancing market efficiency, and catalyzing entrepreneurial innovation. Through empirical analysis and case studies, the study aims to provide empirical evidence of the transformative power of e-commerce in driving inclusive economic growth and reducing socioeconomic disparities. However, amidst the promising prospects of e-commerce, the study also confronts the challenges and barriers impeding its full potential realization in the Indian context. Regulatory constraints, infrastructural bottlenecks, and digital literacy gaps emerge as critical obstacles that must be addressed to foster a conducive environment for sustainable e-commerce growth. The paper underscores the imperative for concerted efforts by policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders to harness the transformative potential of e-commerce for driving inclusive economic development in India. By forging strategic partnerships and implementing targeted interventions, India can leverage e-commerce as a powerful engine for fostering innovation, enhancing competitiveness, and unlocking new pathways to prosperity for all segments of society.
Structure-based virtual screening approach for identifying DNA gyrase inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors:   *Corresponding author: Annapoorna Vadivelu, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Postgraduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Gorimedu, Puducherry-605006, India, Vadivelu Annapoorna
Published: September 2024

To combat drug resistance tuberculosis, new drugs and methodologies are emerging. The present study focuses on identifying new chemical entity with potent DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase enzyme, which encodes two subunits namely gyrA and gyrB, former contains tyrosine active site, which is essential for cleavage and relegation of DNA, while the latter is required for ATP hydrolysis. A small library of 485 compounds were designed and docked into DNA gyrase core in order to identify the potential inhibitor against target enzyme. Molecular docking was performed by using Glide. The crystal structures of the target were retrieved from RCSB PDB. The docking was performed by 3 modes namely HTVS, SP and XP. Prime MM-GBSA was used to calculate binding affinity and energy interactions are studied and hydrogen bond distance was calculated. All the designed compounds showed significant activity with A34 and A232 displaying maximum binding score.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, VOLUME PERDAGANGAN SAHAM TERHADAP VOLATILITAS HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Putra Septian Dwi Permana , Tumirin Tumirin
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, stock trading volume on stock price volatility. This research approach is based on a quantitative approach. The population and research sample are companies listed in the LQ45 index for three years from 2020 to 2023. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the calculation of the hypothesis partially and simultaneously profitability, and stock trading volume have no significant effect on stock price volatility.