bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El enlace químico: una conceptualización poco comprendida
Authors: Riboldi L. , Pliego O. , Odetti H. S.
Published: June 2021

Este estudio describe las ideas sobre los enlaces químicos de un grupo de estudiantes que iban a comenzar la universidad y las de otro de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran distintas ideas con respecto a: procesos donde átomos iguales o distintos se agrupan, la posibilidad de que una unión química sea un proceso espontáneo, la estructura de sustancias unidas por enlace iónico o covalente y la causa de un enlace iónico. Resalta también el pobre grado de coherencia de las concepciones manifestada cuando los estudiantes usan una idea en un contexto pero no en otro similar. La investigación encuentra que las concepciones de los alumnos universitarios y preuniversitarios son las mismas en la mayoría de los casos.
Concepciones alternativas sobre el campo magnético estacionario. Selección de cuestiones realizadas para su detección
Authors: Guisasola Aranzabal Jenaro , Almudí García José Manuel , Ceberio Mikel
Published: June 2021

El trabajo que aquí se presenta trata de hacer una recapitulación de las principales investigaciones realizadas en el ámbito del campo magnético estacionario, que tienen como objetivo averiguar las deficiencias más importantes que se producen en el aprendizaje de los conceptos inherentes al área de la física citada. Esta selección de trabajos, esperamos que sirvan para que el profesorado interesado por el tema pueda hacer una primera aproximación a las concepciones más problemáticas que tienen los estudiantes o, en todo caso, a aquéllas que han sido investigadas en el contexto de la didáctica de la física.
Tesis doctorales españolas en educación matemática
Authors: Torralbo Rodríguez Manuel , Fernández Cano Antonio , Rico Romero Luis , Maz Machado Alexander , Gutiérrez Mª del Pilar
Published: June 2021

En este articulo se informa de una investigación sobre la producción de tesis doctorales de educación matemática en las universidades españolas desde 1976 a 1998. Se realizó un estudio cientimétrico y conceptual en ellas, detectándose patrones, tendencias y tópicos de gran actividad investigadora. Finalmente es constatada la consolidación del área de didáctica de las matemáticas como disciplina científica en el ámbito de la investigación española.
La enseñanza en el laboratorio. ¿Qué podemos aprender en términos de conocimiento práctico y de actitudes hacia la ciencia?
Authors: Séré Marie-Geneviève
Published: June 2021

Se trata aquí de destacar aquellas cosas irreemplazables que la actividad experimental aporta a la enseñanza en relación con otros métodos. Para el estudiante, cuando realiza trabajos prácticos, se trata de «comprender» y de «aprender», pero también de algo muy diferente, de «hacer» y de «aprender a hacer». A fin de explorar las ideas clásicas de objetivos conceptuales, procedimentales y epistemológicos, mostramos cómo la teoría puede ponerse al servicio de la práctica, mientras que lo contrario es actualmente lo más frecuente. Los trabajos prácticos son una excelente forma de aprender las teorías de las ciencias físicas.Mostraremos que, al estar los conocimientos procedimentales al servicio de la práctica, la experimentación es la ocasión para adquirirlos. Por último, al ser aprendidos al mismo tiempo que una visión construida de la ciencia, permiten iniciativa y autonomía a los estudiantes. El conjunto de trabajos sintetizado aquí invita a revisar los objetivos de los trabajos prácticos en el bachillerato y en el primer ciclo de la universidad.
Resolución de problemas basada en el análisis. Hacer del análisis y del razonamiento el foco de la enseñanza de la física
Authors: Leonard William J. , Gerace William J. , Dufresne Robert J.
Published: June 2021

Usando los resultados provenientes de la investigación educativa en áreas tales como concepciones alternativas, diferencias entre expertos y novatos, adquisición de esquemas, sobrecarga cognitiva y análisis jerárquico, hemos desarrollado un marco para pensar sobre la organización del conocimiento y su uso para la comunicación, y sobre el razonamiento y la resolución de problemas. Basados en este marco y en nuestras reflexiones sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, hemos creado una metodología didáctica llamada resolución de problemas basada en el análisis, diseñada para promover tanto la comprensión conceptual profunda como la capacidad de resolver problemas eficientemente a través de enfocarse en el análisis y el razonamiento como un puente entre las dos. Presentamos aquí una progresión de objetivos de enseñanza que lleva a los estudiantes de ser aprendices novatos a ser «resolvedores» de problemas más eficientes y más reflexivos. Para cada objetivo, resumimos los resultados relevantes de la investigación cognitiva y describimos las recomendaciones didácticas que se pueden derivar de ella. Luego hicimos la lista de algunas estrategias didácticas útiles para promover ese objetivo en particular y, finalmente, indicamos algunas prácticas de aula que deberían ayudar a que los estudiantes progresen desde esta perspectiva.
El problema del cambio en las concepciones de estudiantes de formación avanzada
Authors: Gallego Badillo Rómulo , Pérez Miranda Royman
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones obtenidas con un grupo de diecisiete profesores estudiantes de química sobre las evoluciones de las concepciones epistemológicas y didácticas en el primer año de formación en el programa de Maestría en docencia de la Química.
Estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas en la comprensión de un texto de ciencias
Authors: Maturano Carla Inés , Soliveres María Amalia , Macías Ascensión
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo damos a conocer los resultados de la investigación que hemos realizado sobre algunas estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas que usan los alumnos universitarios de diferentes carreras (Licenciatura en Geografía, Profesorado en Física, Profesorado en Química, Ingeniería Química y Bioingeniería) en la comprensión de un texto de carácter expositivo, extraído de un libro de física.
Empleo del análisis de errores para aclarar conceptos de química general
Authors: Mammino Liliana
Published: June 2021

El análisis de los errores puede ser considerado uno de los más poderosos instrumentos de explicación y, además, un instrumento particularmente apto para ser utilizado entre opciones de enseñanza interactiva. Su utilización no es aún muy sistemática, lo que sugiere la oportunidad de ulteriores exploraciones de sus potencialidades. El presente trabajo se ocupa de su aplicación con el objetivo específico de facilitar y mejorar la comprensión de los conceptos de la química básica y general. La presentación de la aproximación es acompañada de la discusión de un número considerable de ejemplos concretos.
Resultados obtenidos introduciendo historia de la ciencia en las clases de física y química: mejora de la imagen de la ciencia y desarrollo de actitudes positivas
Authors: Solbes Jordi , Traver M.
Published: June 2021

This is a report about research and results in the application of History of Science to Science Teaching. After a first approach to analyse which is today’s status of History of Science in high school Physics and Chemistry classes, we attempt to demonstrate that an appropriate introduction of several aspects of history and sociology of Science in our classes can operate a significant improvement in pupil’s image and attitudes in Science and Science Teaching. We will show that several groups of pupils from 15 to 17 improve significantly their interest in Science after at least a year working with papers containing many different activities that involve different historical aspects of Science, i.e., context biographies, original papers, reports on STS in history or videos showing the making and growth of major concepts in Physics and Chemistry.
Ensenyar a argumentar científicament: un repte de les classes de ciències
Authors: Sardà Jorge Anna , Sanmartí Puig Neus
Published: June 2021

In this paper a review of the main features of a scientific argumentative text is made. A reference framework and a methodological analysis of the difficulties of a group of students are proposed. Finally, educational proposals are generated to help students learn how to write argumentative texts in science lessons, in order to improve their scientific knowledge.
La utilización del concepto de pH en la publicidad y su relación con las ideas que manejan los alumnos: aplicaciones en el aula
Authors: Jiménez Liso María Rut , Manuel Torres Esteban de , González García Francisco , Salinas López Francisco
Published: June 2021

The broadcast on TV of some commercials where the value of the pH in the advertised products was presented as beneficial, prompted us to study them to analyse the ideas related with the acids and bases that they have. Here, we also seek possible coincidences with the ideas that students sustain. We also present a sequence of classroom activities to use commercials to work the concepts of pH and neutralization therein involved.
El discurso del profesor y del alumno: análisis didáctico en clases de ciencias
Authors: Longhi Ana Lía de
Published: June 2021

This article is the first part of a research on interpreting students’ and teachers’ discourse in Science classes.Its aim is to contribute to the understanding of the construction of knowledge that emerges through verbal messages between teacher and student in interaction.A four-level analisis is developed. Firstly the observable class features are described; secondly different categories of teacher and student interventions are presented.At the third level, inferences on didactical aspects are drawn from the previous levels. At the fourth level the sequence of the subject-matter organization in studied for each curriculum item.Finally the communication problem from a didactical point of view is discussed.
Lenguaje, intertextualidad y bibliografía en los trabajos de investigadores en educación en ciencias
Authors: Macías Ascensión , Maturano Carla Inés
Published: June 2021

The present work consists of an analytic revision of part of the existing literature on the teaching of Science in daily publications. The analysis was based on the articles published in Enseñanza de las Ciencias. Such analysis allows us to reflect on some of the devices used by the authors of magazine articles such as neologisms, quotes (intertextuality), bibliography and the way they use them in the text.
Un problema planteado como actividad de investigación: estudio de las posibles trayectorias para el lanzamiento efectivo de un tiro libre de baloncesto
Authors: Martínez Pons José Antonio
Published: June 2021

Although students learn kinematics from their first contact with physics, for a series of reasons preconceptions and conceptual and methodological mistakes accumulate, hindering progress.We propose a simple and motivating exercise that will not only improve the understanding of elementary equations of kinematics, but also detect and facilitate the correction of such mistakes.
Características del conocimiento científico : creencias de los estudiantes
Authors: Vázquez Alonso Ángel , Manassero Mas María Antonia
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the attitudes and beliefs of students from all educational stages about some characteristics of scientific knowledge. These characteristics are the nature of scientific models and classification schemes, the tentativeness in science, the nature of scientific method, the social influence on scientific knowledge and the controversies within the scientific community. The results show complex, diverse, and sometimes contradictory and inconsistent beliefs in students. The nature of schemes, the tentativeness, the method and the explanation of disagreements show high rates of adequate and authentic scientific attitudes, while responses about models and social influences on science seem to be misinformed. From an educational view, this study offers a diagnostic assessment of students’ preconceptions that are a key issue to achieve a significative science learning on the characteristics of scientific knowledge. Also it suggests the necessity of a deeper work on these aspects in school, as a tool to attain scientific literacy for all.
La ciencia que no enseñamos
Authors: Campanario Juan Miguel
Published: June 2021

Although it is acknowledged that the history and philosophy of science can help in science teaching, an important part of these contents that are included in the curriculum do not take into account key features of this activity. In this paper I discuss some diverse topics related to realities of current science that usually are not taught to students. Some of such topics are those related to the communication in science, goals and motivation of scientists and ethic problems in science. The goal of the paper is to draw the attention of the people involved in research and in teaching sciences about these topics in order to transmit to students a more accurate vision of current science.
Constructivismo radical, marco teórico de investigación y enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Martínez Delgado Alberto
Published: June 2021

The article on radical constructivism criticizes its claim of being an original paradigm as well as criticizing some contradictions and scarcely justified theoretical leaps, and some specific problems over previous ideas in teaching and theoretical frames in scientific research.The critique underlines the controversial subject of empirical and experimental methods in learning and research and proposes a comparison between empiricism and radical constructivism axioms (with a suggested isomorphism between supposed opposing theories) as well as a tendency for both paradigms to slip towards epistemological realism. Also discussed are some aspects regarding research management and education (LOGSE).
Propuesta de un modelo de trabajos prácticos de física en el nivel universitario
Authors: García Sastre P. , Insausti M. J. , Merino M.
Published: June 2021

We present in this paper a model of practical works in Physics at University level. It has been designed as a result of the research implemented during three years. Our goal has been to achieve a type of practical work according to the educational principles of openness, activity and participation. In this way the students will get used to the scientific methodology closely linked to significative learning.
Polish army soldier and scientist – Stanisław Ossowski
Authors: Skurjat Krystyna
Published: June 2021

The article reminds Stanisław Ossowski, an outstanding sociologist and political scientist, a representative of the Lviv-Warsaw school, and a brave soldier. The author focuses her attention on two problems selected from his work: on man as an ethical subject and on opportunities and threats in shaping individual and collective social personalities. Stanisław Ossowski regarded disobedience in thinking, faithfulness to the truth, and intellectual honesty as the professional duty of a scientist, especially a humanist, who studies ideas and value systems. He justified the theory of mutual conditioning of the social structure-personality. He studied the impact of decisions of senior government officials on the dynamics of human behaviour and the development of human polymorphism.
Results of balloon and surgical valvuloplasty in congenital aortic valve stenosis: A 19-year, single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Yakut Kahraman , Kürşad Tokel Niyazi , Varan Birgül , Erdoğan İlkay , Özkan Murat
Published: June 2021

Background: This study aims to compare the success, complications, and long-term outcomes of aortic balloon valvuloplasty and surgical aortic valvuloplasty in pediatric patients with congenital aortic valve stenosis.

Methods: Between March 2000 and October 2019, a total of 267 procedures, including 238 balloon valvuloplasties and 29 surgical valvuloplasties, in 198 children (135 males, 63 females; mean age: 57.4±62.6 months; range, 0.03 to 219 months) were retrospectively analyzed. The hospital records, echocardiographic images, catheterization data, angiography images, and operative data were reviewed.

Results: Aortic regurgitation was mild in 73 patients before balloon valvuloplasty, and none of the patients had moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation. Compared to surgical valvuloplasty, the rate of increase in the aortic regurgitation after balloon valvuloplasty was significantly higher (p=0.012). The patients who underwent balloon valvuloplasty did not need reintervention for a mean period of 46±45.6 months, whereas this period was significantly longer in those who underwent surgical valvuloplasty (mean 80.5±53.9 months) (p=0.018). The overall failure rate was 8%. Moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation was the most important complication developing due to balloon valvuloplasty in the early period (13%). All surgical valvuloplasties were successful. The mean length of hospitalization after balloon valvuloplasty was significantly shorter than surgical valvuloplasty (p=0.026). During follow-up, a total of 168 patients continued their follow-up, and a reinterventional or surgical intervention was not needed in 78 patients (47%).

Conclusion: Aortic balloon valvuloplasty can be repeated safely and helps to eliminate aortic valve stenosis without needing sternotomy. Surgical valvuloplasty can be successfully performed in patients in whom the expected benefit from aortic balloon valvuloplasty is not achieved.
Surgeon-modified fenestrated stent graft deployment in type B aortic dissection
Authors: Zafer İşcan Hakkı , Utku Ünal Ertekin
Published: June 2021

The treatment of aortic dissections and aneurysms may be challenging for vascular surgeons. Currently, thoracic endovascular aortic repair is usually the first treatment option for descending aortic pathologies. Left subclavian artery coverage during this procedure is often required to achieve a sufficient proximal landing zone. Most surgeons agree that the left subclavian artery can be selectively covered, but revascularization is preferred to reduce the risk of neurological or ischemic complications. The chimney method, hybrid operations with extra-anatomic bypass, back table or in situ fenestrations are assistive techniques in this procedure. Herein, we present a surgeon-modified fenestrated stent graft for a type B aortic dissection patient.
Management of a primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma in a young woman
Authors: Akif Önalan Mehmet , Demirkaya Ahmet , Behzatoglu Kemal , Erek Ersin
Published: June 2021

Cardiac leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with a poor prognosis. An 18-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a left atrial leiomyosarcoma extending to the right lower pulmonary veins. We performed complete tumor excision by the right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy approach using minimally invasive techniques. After pathological confirmation of the tumor, right lower lobectomy was performed with the same incision one week later to prevent recurrence. Although no tumor remnant was found in the lobectomy specimen, adjuvant chemotherapy was started. No recurrence was detected during the 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, the right submammarian minithoracotomy approach has the advantages of its less invasive nature and suitability for complete tumor resection with lobectomy.
The relationship between aortic calcification on chest radiograph and neurocognitive impairment after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Özhan Abdulkerim , Baştopcu Murat , Karakaya Canan , Güler Erhan , Şahin Sinan , Erdem Memetoğlu Mehmet , Ketenci Bülend , Murat Demirtaş Mahmut
Published: June 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between aortic calcification as detected by preoperative chest radiography and postoperative neurocognitive impairment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: A total of 124 patients (101 males, 23 females; mean age: 59.9±8.8 years; range, 34 to 84 years) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in our clinic between January 2019 and July 2019 were included. Of these patients, 35 whose preoperative chest radiography revealed aortic calcification in the aortic knuckle were included as the patient group. The control group consisted of 89 patients without aortic calcification. The patients with aortic calcification underwent additional imaging with thoracic computed tomography angiography and ascending aorta and aortic arch calcium scores were calculated. Neurocognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination. Postoperative delirium was evaluated by confusion assessment method in the intensive care unit. Both groups were compared for demographic, operative and postoperative data.

Results: Of all patients included in the study, the overall cerebrovascular event incidence was 3.2%. Although not statistically significant, the number of patients with neurocognitive decline was higher in the patient group than the control group (48.6% vs. 34.8%, respectively; p=0.157). Both Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score decline and percentage decline were significantly higher in the patients with high aortic arch calcium scores (>2,250 AU). Carotid artery stenosis was 3.2 times higher in the patient group. In the patients with carotid artery stenosis, the aortic arch calcium scores were also higher (p=0.042).

Conclusion: Aortic calcification detectable on chest radiography with high calcium scores may be associated with neurocognitive impairment and carotid artery stenosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Anesthetic management in lung transplantation: Our single-center experience
Authors: Erkılınç Atakan , Karaca Baysal Pınar , Emre Gürcü Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to discuss our anesthesia management strategies, experiences, and outcomes in patients undergoing lung transplantation.

Methods: Between December 2016 and December 2018, a total of 53 patients (43 males, 10 females; mean age: 46.1±13 years; range, 14 to 64 years) undergoing lung transplantation in our center were included. The anesthesia technique, patients" characteristics, and perioperative clinical and follow-up data were recorded. The stage of lung disease was assessed using the New York Heart Association functional classification.

Results: Two patients underwent single lung transplantation, while 51 patients underwent double lung transplantation. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was the most common indication in 41.5% of the patients. All patients had end-stage lung disease (Class IV) and 79% were oxygen-dependent. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was given to 32 patients.

Conclusion: The anesthetic management of lung transplantation is challenging, either due to the deterioration of the recipient"s physical performance and the complexity of the surgical techniques used. In general, a kind of mechanical support may be needed and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is the first choice in the majority of patients. A close communication should be maintained between the surgeons, perfusion technicians, and anesthesiologists to ensure an optimal multidisciplinary approach and to achieve successful outcomes.
Tinjauan Teknis Permasalahan dan Penanggulangan Banjir di Sungai Krueng Teunom Hilir Provinsi Aceh, Menuju Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Terintegrasi
Authors: Meilianda Ella , Alfian Dedy , Nisa Nazriatun , Nurnalisa Fitri Zaitun , Khaira Taslia , Yanti Veri , Syahreza Saumi
Published: June 2021

Peristiwa banjir yang dialami oleh masyarakat di hilir sungai Krueng Teunom di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dapat mewakili kasus-kasus bencana banjir yang sering terjadi di kawasan pesisir barat Provinsi Aceh. Dalam kurun waktu 2012 â€“ 2019 terdapat 28 kali kejadian banjir, akibat luapan sungai Krueng Teunom yang melintasi Kecamatan Keude Teunom. Tinjauan teknis terhadap faktor-faktor penyebab banjir di Kawasan Teunom sejauh ini belum dilakukan secara komprehensif dan terintegrasi, sehingga upaya yang dilakukan untuk memitigasi bencana banjir menjadi kurang efektif. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan, yaitu: 1) meninjau secara teknis faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya banjir; 2) memberikan rekomendasi terhadap sasaran pengendalian debit sungai Krueng Teunom sebagai upaya untuk mitigasi bencana banjir. Selain melakukan analisis permasalahan banjir secara empiris melalui FGD dengan pemangku kebijakan dan kepentingan, juga dilakukan tinjauan teknis menggunakan analisis spasial berbasis GIS. Penyebab utama banjir di hilir DAS Krueng Teunom adalah penurunan kapasitas sungai (pendangkalan) baik di badan sungai ataupun di muara sungai akibat sedimentasi yang cukup tinggi. Penyebab banjir lainnya adalah besarnya laju angkutan sedimen dari arah laut yang menutup muara sungai. Upaya mitigasi yang disarankan adalah merehabilitasi tanggul-tanggul kritis, mengendalikan dan mengurangi sedimen dari laut untuk mengurangi pendangkalan muara sungai.
Beschleunigung von Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren im Verkehrsbereich
Authors: Kramer Thomas
Published: June 2021

Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren im Verkehrsbereich dauern in Deutschland zu lange. Um eine aus verschiedenen Gründen erforderliche Beschleunigung von Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren zu erreichen, hat daher der nationale Gesetzgeber im Laufe der Zeit - beginnend mit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung - eine Reihe von Gesetzen erlassen und Maßnahmen eingeführt.

Diese Gesetze sind jedoch insgesamt nicht durchgehend als unkritisch zu bezeichnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit, inwieweit die von dem Gesetzgeber zur Beschleunigung von Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren im Verkehrsbereich eingeführten Maßnahmen auch für diesen Zweck geeignet sind und sich durch die eingeführten Maßnahmen die Dauer von Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren verkürzt hat. Dabei konzentriert sie sich auf Ansätze auf rechtlicher Ebene, die sich regelmäßig in Gesetzesvorhaben niederschlagen.

Thomas Kramer ist Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) in der Fachrichtung „Staatlicher Verwaltungsdienst - Allgemeine Verwaltung“ sowie Master of Business Administration (MBA) in der Fachrichtung „Public Management“. Seit dem Jahr 2016 ist er in einer Mittelbehörde des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen für die Durchführung von Planfeststellungsverfahren im Verkehrs- und Energiewirtschaftsbereich zuständig.
Physical processes analysis of contrails formation over the South Brazil Region
Authors: Lins Vanessa , Silva Renato Ramos da
Published: June 2021

Contrails are clouds in the shape of condensation trails formed from hot air and particles exiting the engines of airplanes. These clouds form from the isobaric mixing of hot and humid air masses emitted by airplanes with cold ambient air. Their formation can alter the sky through cirrus clouds and the radiation balance. In this study, photographic images, satellite data and atmospheric reanalysis and radiosonde data were used to assess the occurrence of these events in the South Brazil region. The results showed that there were observed several cases of contrails in the region, mainly when the upper layer where the aircraft passed was colder and moister. Initially, several cases were selected from the observations and the Terra, Aqua and Suomi satellite images. Also, radiosonding data from Curitiba, Florianópolis and Porto Alegre were applied to the thermodynamic Appleman diagram to study the physical processes involved. The results showed that temperatures below -50 °C from cold advection and moister air at the cruising level of airplanes contribute to formation of more persistent contrails and cirrus clouds. Therefore, monitoring the environmental conditions may improve the prediction of contrails formation and better understanding the impacts on the radiation balance and climate.
Identificação de episódios de ondas de calor e de frio atmosféricas na região central do litoral catarinense
Authors: Steil Monalisa , Ineu Júnior Carlos Medeiros , Rosa Cristiane , Lamim Gabriela , Silva Gabriel Serrato de Mendonça , Quadro Mário Francisco Leal de
Published: June 2021

Extreme events such as heat waves (HWs) or cold spells (CSs) can cause damage to human health, to productive activities such as agriculture and livestock, as well as causing various environmental impacts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the variability of the occurrence, duration and intensity mean of atmospheric HWS and CSs in the central part of the Santa Catarina coast from 1982 to 2017. For the detection of HWs and CSs in the atmosphere, the anomalies of the atmospheric temperature data were calculated in relation to the climatological normal, by calculating the 90th and 10th percentiles for HWs and CSs, respectively. The minimum persistence of five days of anomalous temperature values in relation to the daily climatological average was considered. In this work, reanalysis data from the Era-Interim project were used, and the calculations were computed by the ‘‘RmarineHeatWaves’’ package. Based on the calculations and analyzes done, the occurrence of this extreme events in the respective region was checked, with different periods of duration. A greater number of cases of HWs have been observed since the 2000s, corroborating with previous studies. The longest-lasting HW (CS) was seen in April 2016 (July 2000).
Kantian Approaches to Human Reproduction: Both Favourable and Unfavourable
Authors: Miller Lantz Fleming
Published: June 2021

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the question of whether humans should reproduce. Some say human life is too punishing and cruel to impose upon an innocent. Others hold that such harms do not undermine the great and possibly unique value of human life. Tracing these outlooks historically in the debate has barely begun. What might philosophers have said, or what did they say, about human life itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much on whether, by reproducing, humans do wrong or right morally. Two main arguments are put forward and assessed: one examining whether perfect or imperfect duties condone reproduction, the other whether Kant’s teleological or, in the opposite sense, his eschatological outlooks can salvage reproduction. These two arguments are essential for building the entire argument. I find that, although Kant’s arguments against reproducing are strong, some of his writing seems to support reproduction as a good. Yet, must we assume an author, even one who strove for systematicity, is consistent over an entire life’s work on every issue, especially if it is not handled directly in a single work? I conclude that Kant does not sufficiently, systematically support anti-natalism as more moral than pro-natalism. It is best for the current debate to grapple with the very dilemma that daunted Kant.
America's Cup 1974 - An Overview - Organizing to Win
Authors: du Moulin Richard T.
Published: June 2021

An America's Cup campaign is a total effort that involves challenges of design, construction, sailmaking, steering, tactics, crewwork, tuning, fund raising, and management. Failure in any one of these areas can and usually does handicap an effort, resulting in a certain visit by the Selection Committee to thank the crew for their (unsuccessful) participation. The "Summer of'74" was no exception to this rule. Obstacles arose in every one of these areas at some point for each yacht; in certain cases they were either fatal or at least crippling:

- in design … the failure of MARINER's radical stern configuration resulted in a rebuilding that for all intents and purposes ended her summer…

- in construction …both MARINER and COURAGEOUS were completed behind schedule, resulting in tremendous time pressures relative to INTREPID …

- in steering and tactics …several skipper and afterguard changes were caused in part by a new level of match racing aggressiveness (that also resulted in many protests) …

- in crewwork … everyone watched COURAGEOUS pull her crew together in the nick of time to defeat a well­prepared INTREPID …

- in tuning … experts shuddered to see MARINER depart for her last race with the mast moved as a last ditch ef­fort to attain a racing tune …

- in fund raising … the newspapers covered COURAGEOUS's near death in the height of the fuel crisis when construction was barely beginning …

- and finally, in management ..this past summer demanded an unprecendented number of difficult decisions that had to be made under tremendous pressure, decisions involving all the above issues.

In the remainder of this discussion, I will approach the issues just touched upon by presenting a combination of descriptive compari­sons of the three American twelve meter efforts and my interpretations of that material. Organizing to win, selection of personnel, methods of evaluation, the use of time and money, and the impact of major changes will be explored. Lastly, let me emphasize that the opinions and conclusions drawn within this article are my own, possibly shared by no one else. My experience aboard MARINER (and VALIANT) and later INTREPID gave me a rare opportunity to examine two efforts involving three twelve meters from the inside. Although it is often difficult, I will try to be objective and not abuse 20/20 hindsight.
Sailing Yacht Construction in Fiberglass
Authors: Goman William J.
Published: June 2021

A method for developing fiberglass laminates for various displacement sailing yachts which accounts for differences in mechanical properties obtained and thickness of core material is outlined, the various glass fiber products, their properties and handling characteristics are discussed along with a simple technique for determining laminate properties in the shop from laminate density.
Wing Sail Versus Soft Rig: An Analysis of the Successful Little America's Cup Challenge of 1976
Authors: Bradfield W. S. , Madhavan Suresh
Published: June 2021

The successful 1976 challenge was an excellent test of the modern wing sail concept of the Australian boat vs. the equally modern and sophisticated "soft" sail rig of the U.S. challenger. The very complete data taken on site by the designer of Miss Nylex during the races has been compared with computer predictions of the comparative performance of the two boats based on aerodynamic and weight differences. The predicted outcome is in good agreement with the observed result. The analysis illustrates the points of comparative superiority and weakness of the two configurations quite clearly, prompting a prediction of the future course of developments for both rigs.
Optimisation of a Sailing Rig using Wind Tunnel Data
Authors: Campbell IMC
Published: June 2021

A number of wind tunnel tests have been conducted by the Wolfson Unit in aid of the development of sailing rigs for both cruising and racing boats, including recent tests for the United States Sailing Association as part of the joint IMS/PHRF research programme. In the process of these tests developments have been made in both the test techniques and the analysis methods, which have enabled the components of drag to be identified for different sail settings. This paper describes the tests for evaluating the upwind rig performance of a sloop and compares the components of drag with those in the aerodynamic model used in the IMS VPP. The aerodynamic behaviour of the rig is described using plots of the variation of sail forces and moments with sail settings with the aim of helping sailors understand the effects of changing sail settings. It is shown that the wind tunnel data match closely the IMS aerodynamic model and that this model can be simply programmed by sailors and designers into a spreadsheet to enable the rig planform to be optimised for particular conditions. The results are compared with those obtained using a full VPP calculation.
The validity in performance measures used in hospital planning
Authors: Leotta Antonio , Ruggeri Daniela , Castro Monica
Published: June 2021

The present research aims to discuss the theoretical conditions for validity in performance measures used in hospital  planning.  In doing so, the research draws on a new emerging research paradigm, called Pragmatic Constructivism (Nørreklitet al., 2010). It conceives of accounting as a social reality constructed through the integration of four ontological dimensions: facts, possibilities, values and communication. The conditions for validity in performance measures used in hospital planning are examined drawing on Nørreklit et al. (2007). Specifically we investigate theoretical conditions for validity in accounting performance measurement, analysing the ontological and epistemological nature of accounting data. The theoretical framework is applied to interpret the empirical evidence coming from a case of an Italian hospital located in the south of Italy. The empirical results showed how the theoretical framework helps to better understand the validity in some of the performance measures contained in the hospital plans: the validity of knowledge of past results is examined by verifying the correspondence of performance measures with the past activity of the hospital; while the validity of the estimations of future results is analysed by verifying their coherence and consistency.
Communicating design knowledge to support technology management in the manufacturing industry:
Authors: Mämmelä Janne , Korhonen Tuomas , Juuti Tero , Julkunen Pasi
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to the advance pragmatic constructivist understanding about communication in the productdevelopment context. In particular, the paper provides new understanding about how proactive truth about designknowledge can be constructed and communicated within product development actors. The paper shows how companyrepresentatives in the manufacturing environment, e.g., managers and engineers can together understand the customervalue-creation mechanisms of a specific product and integrate their expert knowledge into visual form. Building thecollective understanding requires communication between these actors. Ultimately, the actors may be able to construct auseful proactive truth about related business potentials and thereby support technology management in the productdevelopment context.
Post-operative complications of penetrating corneal keratoplasty in patients with anterior segment toxic syndrome secondary to cataract surgery
Authors: Nishi Elen Nishimoto , Lima Vagner Loduca , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Martins Luiz Antonio de Brito
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) after cataract surgery may cause severe corneal decompensation that compromises corneal transparency and may require penetrating corneal keratoplasty to improve visual acuity. Objective: We evaluated the postoperative complications of patients who underwent penetrating corneal transplantation for severe corneal decompensation secondary to TASS after cataract surgery, such as persistent epithelial defect, glaucoma, and primary and secondary transplant button failure. We will also evaluate pre- and postoperative visual acuity, graft survival time, and the presence of anterior chamber disorganization. Methods: Retrospective observational study in which a review of medical records of 9 patients diagnosed with TASS after cataract surgery who underwent penetrating corneal keratoplasty will occur. Results: In the present study all operated patients had glaucoma after penetrating corneal transplantation, and this presence of glaucoma was not correlated with graft survival time and with any other parameter evaluated. The presence of persistent epithelial defect correlated negatively with visual acuity. Conclusion: Postoperative complications of penetrating corneal transplantation in patients with TASS were frequent, such as glaucoma, primary and secondary button failure and persistent epithelial defect. The only complication that compromised visual acuity was the persistent epithelial defect. All patients evolved with glaucoma.
Calcium signaling through a transient receptor channel is important for Toxoplasma gondii growth
Authors: Márquez-Nogueras Karla Marie , Hortua Triana Miryam Andrea , Chasen Nathan M , Kuo Ivana Y , Moreno Silvia NJ
Published: June 2021

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels participate in calcium ion (Ca2+) influx and intracellular Ca2+release. TRP channels have not been studied inToxoplasma gondiior any other apicomplexan parasite. In this work, we characterize TgGT1_310560, a protein predicted to possess a TRP domain (TgTRPPL-2), and determined its role in Ca2+signaling inT. gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. TgTRPPL-2 localizes to the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ofT. gondii. TheΔTgTRPPL-2mutant was defective in growth and cytosolic Ca2+influx from both extracellular and intracellular sources. Heterologous expression of TgTRPPL-2 in HEK-3KO cells allowed its functional characterization. Patching of ER-nuclear membranes demonstrates that TgTRPPL-2 is a non-selective cation channel that conducts Ca2+. Pharmacological blockers of TgTRPPL-2 inhibit Ca2+influx and parasite growth. This is the first report of an apicomplexan ion channel that conducts Ca2+and may initiate a Ca2+signaling cascade that leads to the stimulation of motility, invasion, and egress. TgTRPPL-2 is a potential target for combating toxoplasmosis.
Injection with Toxoplasma gondii protein affects neuron health and survival
Authors: Mendez Oscar A , Flores Machado Emiliano , Lu Jing , Koshy Anita A
Published: June 2021

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes a long-term latent infection of neurons. Using a custom MATLAB-based mapping program in combination with a mouse model that allows us to permanently mark neurons injected with parasite proteins, we found that Toxoplasma-injected neurons (TINs) are heterogeneously distributed in the brain, primarily localizing to the cortex followed by the striatum. In addition, we determined that cortical TINs are commonly (>50%) excitatory neurons (FoxP2+) and that striatal TINs are often (>65%) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) (FoxP2+). By performing single neuron patch clamping on striatal TINs and neighboring uninfected MSNs, we discovered that TINs have highly aberrant electrophysiology. As approximately 90% of TINs will die by 8 weeks post-infection, this abnormal physiology suggests that injection with Toxoplasma protein—either directly or indirectly—affects neuronal health and survival. Collectively, these data offer the first insights into which neurons interact with Toxoplasma and how these interactions alter neuron physiology in vivo.
Increased microRNA-30a levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Wen-Jun , Chen Bo-Jiang , Zhu Ying-Ying , Sun Ling , Zhang Yu-Chen , Liu Huan , Luo Feng-Ming
Published: June 2021

Background

MicroRNA-30a (miRNA-30a) levels have been shown to increase in the plasma of lung cancer patients. Herein, we evaluated the miRNA-30a levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lung cancer patients as a potential biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis.

Methods

BALF miRNA-30a expression of 174 subjects was quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and compared between lung cancer patients and control patients with benign lung diseases. Moreover, its diagnostic value was evaluated by performing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

The relative BALF miRNA-30a expression was significantly higher in the lung cancer patients than in the controls (0.74 ±  0.55 versus 0.07 ±  0.48, respectively, p < 0.001) as well as in lung cancer patients with stage I–IIA disease than in those with stage IIB–IV disease (0.98 ±  0.64 versus 0.66 ±  0.54, respectively, p < 0.05). Additionally, miRNA-30a distinguished benign lung diseases from lung cancers, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.822. ROC analysis also revealed an AUC of 0.875 for the Youden index-based optimal cut-off points for stage I–IIA adenocarcinoma. Thus, increased miRNA-30a levels in BALF may be a useful biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosis.
Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers in Predicting the Severity in COVID-19
Authors: Prasad Shrishti Dhar , Patel Suprava , Behera Ajoy Kumar , Sahu Dibakar , Shah Seema , Nanda Rachita , Mohapatra Eli
Published: June 2021

Aims: An early diagnosis of severity can be confidently judged by monitoring the serum biomarkers in patients with COVID-19. The study was thus aimed to explore the relationship of the inflammatory and immune biomarkers in predicting the severity of the disease.

Study design: It is a retrospective observational study.

Methodology: The study included 79 confirmed cases of COVID-19 who had complete clinical record for the analytical variables. All cases were assigned a total clinical score as per their clinical manifestations, associated co-morbidities and mortality outcome. Laboratory inflammatory and immune biomarkers at the time of admission were noted.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 55.38 (1.69) years. The percentage of admission for males (67.1%) was twice that of females (32.9%). Serum LDH (p=0.003) and ferritin (0.019) levels were remarkably raised in severe form. Total clinical score denoted a positive correlation with the inflammatory biomarkers (p<0.001). IgM exhibited a significant negative trend with increasing clinical score (p<0.001) and CRP levels (p=0.022) of the patients. The multivariate analysis reflected that the total clinical score was significantly influenced by initial SpO2 values (0.011), serum ferritin (0.027), IgM (0.001) and C3 levels (0.044) in the COVID-19 patients. Lower serum C3 values significantly influenced the hospitalization duration in moderate cases (p=0.034) and total clinical score in severe cases (p=0.01).

Conclusion: The findings of the study signified that besides serum ferritin, a serial and close monitoring of serum IgM with complement factor C3 would aid in early prediction of clinical severity and thus guide physicians to start effective management strategy.
Utilization of Annona senegalensis as a Sorbent for THE Removal of Crude Oil from Aqueous Media
Authors: Dimas B. J. , Osemeahon S. A.
Published: June 2021

In the present study, the efficiency of Annona senegalensis fiber to remove crude oil from aqueous solution was evaluated. The crude Annona senegalensis (CAS), retted Annona senegalensis (RAS) and bleach Annona senegalensis (PFAS) were subjected to sorption studies to optimize their sorption capacity. The results revealed that the efficiency of sorbent to remove crude oil from water is related to the sorbent weight, contact time, initial oil concentration and temperature of sorption. It was found out that increase in sorbent weight led to increase in sorption capacity from 3.99-5.25g/g, 5.51-7.12g/g, and 5.01-6.72g/g in CAS, RAS and PFAS respectively. Increased in Initial oil concentration also increased the oil sorption capacity by 20-21% until it reach equilibrium. Sorption time was varied from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes and the highest sorption capacity was recorded at 30 minutes before a gradual decreased was observed. Sorption capacity decreased with increased in temperature above 400C. The sorbent exhibited good reusability after 8 cycles, with less than 50 % reduction in sorption capacity. The kinetics of crude oil sorption onto CAS, RAS and PFAS follow the second- order model with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The results obtained revealed that crude oil adsorption onto the Annona senegalensis fiber can be used as an effective adsorbent to oil spill cleanup in water bodies.