bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la maturation transgénérationnelle du thérapeute à la maturation coévolutive au sein du creuset thérapeutique
Authors: Nussbaumer Nicolas Louis Marie
Published: January 2019

Cet exposé est la narration des effets dans le creuset thérapeutique de la maturation personnelle, familiale et professionnelle d’un thérapeute avec sa responsabilité d’« encadrant » : comment peut-il être à la fois « constant et souple » ? Sur son chemin, un script transgénérationnel correctif sera associé à la découverte de l’influence bénéfique d’un frère décédé comme de la protection de « femmes phoques » par le truchement de contes : ce processus de maturation intégrera chez le thérapeute-formateur ses propres vulnérabilités dans son travail avec des équipes réfléchissantes. Il en résulte alors ce qu’après leur thérapie de couple deux conjoints rapportent sur l’authenticité des résonances reçues des thérapeutes durant la thérapie. Ainsi, étant enseigné autant que l’inverse par ses enfants, les étudiants et les patients, l’auteur conclut sa narration avec sa famille professionnelle dans la Maison des thérapeutes où se tisse, avec les fils entrecroisés des ressources et des vulnérabilités des thérapeutes comme des patients, « le tapis le plus finement travaillé ».
Results 28 Months Following Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Classic and Occult Choroidal Neovascularization in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Newsom R S B , McAlister J C , Saeed M , El-Ghonemy K , McHugh J D A
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome of patients 28 months following treatment with transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for classic and occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nonrandomized pilot trial of 36 eyes of 33 patients was performed. Eyes with angiographically defined CNV, 1 1 predominantly classical and 25 predominantly occult, were treated with large spot diode laser (810 nm) TTT for 1 minute, the end point being no or minimal visible change. Outcome was assessed with best-corrected LogMAR visual acuity, clinical examination, and fluorescein angiography.

* RESULTS: Patients were observed for a mean of 28.7 months (range, 18 to 40 months). The mean change in LogMAR visual acuity for predominantly classic membranes was -1.91 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.3) and 5 of 11 (45.5%) eyes had a loss of 3 or more LogMAR lines. Predominantly classic membranes were closed in 9 of 1 1 eyes and stabilized in 2 of 11 eyes. The mean change in LogMAR visual acuity for predominantly occult membranes was -1.48 (SD = 6.3) and 10 of 25 (40%) patients had a loss of 3 lines or more. Predominantly occult CNV was stabilized in 25 of 25 cases, and recurrence developed in 2 of 25 cases; one of the latter developed classic CNV.

* CONCLUSIONS: The medium-term results for patients treated with TTT for both occult and classic CNV show good stability, with little visual loss and few recurrences. These data confirm the original findings of this study.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:94-102.]
Comparison of Phacoemulsification and Planned Extracapsular Cataract Extraction in Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Yao , Wu Wen-Chung
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare two kinds of cataract removal methods combined with pars plana vitrectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cataract removal was performed by either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and followed by pars plana vitrectomy and PC-IOL implantation. Between May 1996 and June 2001, 31 and 22 patients with cataract and vitreoretinal disease were treated by phacoemulsification and ECCE, respectively, combined with pars plana vitrectomy and PC-IOL implantation. Preoperative demographic data and postoperative vision, astigmatism change, and complications were analyzed.

* RESULTS: The mean age of patients in the phacoemulsification and ECCE groups was 62.5 and 63.4 years, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease resulting in vitreous opacity. Vision improved in 87.1% of the phacoemulsification group and 59.1% of the ECCE group. The change in astigmatism after surgery was 0.92 ± 1.08 D (P = .001) in the ECCE group and 0.25 ± 0.74 D (P = .087) in the phacoemulsification group. There were fewer postoperative complications, including recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, increased intraocular pressure, and iris changes in the phacoemulsification group than in the ECCE group.

* CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and ECCE combined with pars plana vitrectomy and PC-IOL implantation are both effective surgical methods to achieve better and more rapid visual rehabilitation for patients with combined cataract and vitreoretinal disease. In this study, phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy and PC-IOL implantation resulted in greater improvement in vision, less astigmatism change, and fewer postoperative complications.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:108113.]
Unilateral and Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession in Exotropia
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Ben-Simon Guy J
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical results obtained by unilateral and bilateral lateral rectus recession for the correction of exotropia.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts of all patients with exotropia who were operated on at the Goldschleger Eye Institute at Sheba Medical Center during an 1 1-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Study participants all underwent a complete orthoptic and ocular examination. Twenty-five patients with moderate-angle exotropia underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession (group 1) and 38 patients with largeangle exotropia underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession (group 2). The angle of exotropia was measured by the prism and cover test. Moderate exotropia was defined as 25 prism diopters (PD) and large-angle exotropia as greater than 25 PD.

* RESULTS: The mean age at the time of the surgery was 10.0 ± 5.2 years in group 1 and 8.5 ± 8.0 years in group 2. The mean preoperative exotropia was 16.1 ± 5.7 PD in group 1 and 29.6 ± 14.4 PD in group 2. A mean postoperative exodeviation of 4.2 ± 5.4 PD was found in group 1 and 5.8 ± 13.6 PD in group 2. The success rate (deviation of < 1 0 PD) was 84% in group 1 and 74% in group 2. There was no incomitance in group 1.

* CONCLUSION: Unilateral lateral rectus recession is an effective surgical method for correcting moderate-angle exotropia with results similar to bilateral lateral rectus recession for larger exotropia angles.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:114-117.]
La métrica de la muerte: los epitafios hebreos medievales de la Península Ibérica con versos escandidos
Authors: Martínez Delgado José
Published: January 2019

Los epitafios son textos destinados a ser grabados en un túmulo, cipo, ladrillo o piedra y siempre preceden al nombre del difunto y la fecha de su óbito. En ocasiones van seguidos de un texto en prosa rimada. El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto la utilidad de la métrica para ayudar a interpretar, incluso reconstruir, el texto de las inscripciones con epitafios introducidos por versos escandidos y, así, se analiza la métrica de los cuatro casos de los 189 de este tipo recogidos por Casanovas Miró (75, 87, 134 y 174). Dos de los textos provienen del noreste peninsular (Gerona) y están datados en los años 1198 y 1371; un tercero, sin data, proviene del Levante (Sagunto); y un último fechado en 1302 (quizá haya que leer 1356) de Toledo. En todo caso, la mayoría de ellos provienen de una zona muy alejada en el espacio y el tiempo de Alandalus, demostrando cómo la comunidad judía asimiló estas categorías estéticas y las incorporó como marca de identidad.
Crystallochemistry of Amorphous State in Ni(Co, Fe)-Nb(V, Ta, Mo+Zr) Alloy Systems
Authors: Savin Valeriy V. , Savina Ludmila A. , Semina Vera , Semin Vasiliy , Dyakonova Natalia Pavlovna
Published: January 2019

Effects of the crystallochemical factors on amorphous state formation in the Ni−Nb-based systems are studied. Alloys with compositions (Ni, Co, Fe)−(Nb, Ta, V, Mo+Zr) are prepared by rapid melt quenching method with various cooling rates. It was found that at given preparation conditions and at certain atomic size factor, glass forming ability depends on factor of electron concentration was defined as number of s+d electrons per atom. Atomic size factor is necessary take into account, too. High glass forming ability of Ni−Nb alloys are attributed to formation possibility of two distinct E93 type phases.
Packing Density Improvement for Improving Strength of Cement Paste
Authors: Chen Jian Jian , Chen Hong Niao , Li Gu
Published: January 2019

To design a mix for high-strength concrete is not easy, one of the methods is to improve the packing density of the cementitious materials. To study the effect of packing density on strength, a comprehensive research program using superfine pulverized fuel ash and silica fume was carried out. Results showed that a high superfine pulverized fuel ash and silica fume ratios could result in a lower optimum W/CM ratio for maximum strength. Depth analysis illustrated that the optimum water film thickness for maximum strength is always at around 0.01 to 0.05 μm, regardless of the SPFA and SF ratios.
A Modified Vacuum Packaging Technology for the Conductive Slip-Ring Encapsulating with Epoxy Molding Compounds
Authors: Hong Bin , Gao Zhen Dong , Gao Jian Ye , Ji Ya , Lv Shun Ya
Published: January 2019

Due to its specific structural features, the packaging technology is quite essential for the conductive slip-ring (CSR) encapsulating with epoxy molding compounds (EMC). In this work, a modified vacuum packaging technology has been proposed which includes a pouring process and a followed soaking process. Based on the experimental results; the reliability of the CSR packaged obtains a significant improvement as its thermal stability and electric insulating property are obviously advanced, comparing with that fabricated by the normal vacuum packaging method.
Study on Wrinkles during Rotary-Draw Bending Forming
Authors: Zhu Xia , Ogi Keiji , Okabe Nagatoshi
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the state inside the material using finite-element analysis and to improve the performance of a rotary-draw bending forming by clarifying the mechanism of wrinkle generation. An analytical model of rotational drawing was made by using the general-purpose nonlinear finite-element analysis software MSC Marc, and the analytical results were compared with experimental results to verify the validity of the model. Furthermore, the mechanism of wrinkle generation was investigated. With the progress of processing, wrinkles occur not in the R part but in the original tube-side straight-tube part. The coefficient of friction between the tube material and the R portion of the bending mold promotes the occurrence of wrinkles and the growth of the generated wrinkles. Because wrinkles occur even if the friction coefficient between the tube material and bending mold R part is ignored, the generation condition of wrinkles also depends on parameters other than the friction coefficient.
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy of DNA-Wrapped HiPco Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Umemura Kazuo
Published: January 2019

Optical absorption spectroscopy provides evidence for individually dispersed carbon nanotubes. A common method to disperse SWCNTs into aqueous solution is to sonicate the mixture in the presence of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In this paper, optical characterization of dsDNA-wrapped HiPco carbon nanotubes (dsDNA-SWCNT) was carried out using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) experiments. The findings suggest that SWCNT dispersion is very good in the environment of DNA existing. Additionally, its dispersion depends on dsDNA concentration.
Effect of Different Wind Inputs in the Evaluation of Design Waves
Authors: Bansal Prerna , Jain Pooja , Deo M.C.
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evaluation of design significant wave height (Hs) is often carried out on the basis of a numerical wave model forced by long-term wind data. For this purpose, alternative wind data sets are available. In this study, we have tried to understand the extent of variations
in the 100-year or design Hs when three different wind data sets were employed. Two out of these were of reanalysis type, and the third one belonged to a regional climate model. We forced a numerical wave model with these wind data and simulated waves for around 30 years at a series of locations
spread along the 7,000-km-long coastline of India. The simulated wave heights were fitted to generalized Pareto distribution on the basis of the peak-over-threshold method. A comparison of resulting design Hs showed that generally such wave heights were in agreement, with a few exceptions.
The differences across any two given data sets appeared to have been overshadowed by uncertainties associated at various stages of statistical fittings. It therefore appears that the climate model-based wind can be conveniently used in studies related to climate change impact on waves and
other ocean parameters requiring projected wave conditions. The results of this study also indicated that the methods adopted for distribution fittings are more influential than the choice of wind input.
The Living Dock: A Study of Benthic Recruitment to Oyster Substrates Affixed to a Dock in the Indian River Lagoon
Authors: Weaver Robert J. , Hunsucker Kelli , Sweat Holly , Lieberman Kody , Meyers Abby , Bethurum Avery , Devlin Anastacia , Grenevicki Anna , Kraver Kaylee , Longoria Kate , Bethurum Sabrina , Meyers Marsha Lewis , Bruner Sandra , Devlin Inga , Grenevicki Amy , Kraver Tina
Published: January 2019

AbstractBenthic filter feeding organisms have the potential to improve local water quality by filtering microalgae and particulate matter out of the water column. A pilot project was conducted to test the concept of creating a Living Dock by growing these filter feeders at
a dock in the Indian River Lagoon. Two different methods (mats and bags) were tested for their ability to recruit benthic organisms, as well as the efficacy of these methods for use as a long-term citizen science project. Eighteen oyster mats were wrapped around dock pilings, and 18 oyster
bags were suspended between pilings of the same dock. After 1 year of immersion, healthy populations of barnacles, sponges, algae, bryozoans, mussels, and tunicates were found growing on both the bags and the mats. During that same time period, live oysters were also found growing on both
mats and bags, with a maximum of 73 live oysters in one bag. Although the total percent cover of organisms settling on the shells did not differ between the mats or the bags, there was significantly greater organismal diversity in the bag treatment compared to the mat treatment. Bags were
a more effective recruiter of benthic organisms, but longevity was an issue, with bags becoming heavily fouled and often breaking loose from the dock over time. It was noted that the mats with the higher shell densities saw greater recruitment and had greater diversity. Although the bags proved
to be a better alternative than mats for the recruitment and growth of benthic organisms, they are not sustainable for use as a citizen science project. Future efforts should consider constructing mats with high-density shell counts, as the mats have more durability and are better suited for
citizen scientists.
A Wireless Sensors Network System for Local Multipoint Storm Surge Measurements
Authors: Chintalapati Sunil , Subramanian Chelakara S.
Published: January 2019

AbstractReal-time data of storm surge are much needed for developing effective prediction models and nowcasting of impending hazard potential. The crucial aspect of monitoring and transmitting information for extreme weather conditions in near real time is vitally important
and would benefit from accurate, robust, and relatively inexpensive wireless sensing network systems. This article presents a detailed overview of the design, operation modes, system performance, and field testing of a prototype wireless sensors network (WSN) system for local multipoint storm
surge measurements. Key differentiators for the prototype WSN system when compared to the existing infrastructure for monitoring water levels used by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are (1) real-time data transmission, (2) ultra low cost, and (3) power-efficient system. The
WSN system offers reliable field measurement employing single or multiple sensors and with features to upload data to either a local laptop or to the cloud for easy concurrent access to data for users located in any part of the world.
Clinical Indicators of Fatal Dengue in Two Endemic Areas of Colombia: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Rojas Elsa M. , Herrera Víctor M. , Miranda María C. , Rojas Diana Patricia , Gómez Adriana M. , Pallares Christian , Cobos Sara M. , Pardo Lissethe , Gélvez Margarita , Páez Andrés , Mantilla Julio C. , Bonelo Anilza , Parra Edgar , Villar Luis A.
Published: January 2019

According to the World Health Organization, 98% of fatal dengue cases can be prevented; however, endemic countries such as Colombia have recorded higher case fatality rates during recent epidemics. We aimed to identify the predictors of mortality that allow risk stratification and timely intervention in patients with dengue. We conducted a hospital-based, case–control (1:2) study in two endemic areas of Colombia (2009–2015). Fatal cases were defined as having either 1) positive serological test (IgM or NS1), 2) positive virological test (RT-PCR or viral isolation), or 3) autopsy findings compatible with death from dengue. Controls (matched by state and year) were hospitalized nonfatal patients and had a positive serological or virological dengue test. Exposure data were extracted from medical records by trained staff. We used conditional logistic regression (adjusting for age, gender, disease’s duration, and health-care provider) in the context of multiple imputation to estimate exposure to case–control associations. We evaluated 110 cases and 217 controls (mean age: 35.0 versus 18.9; disease’s duration pre-admission: 4.9 versus 5.0 days). In multivariable analysis, retro-ocular pain (odds ratios [OR] = 0.23), nausea (OR = 0.29), and diarrhea (OR = 0.19) were less prevalent among fatal than nonfatal cases, whereas increased age (OR = 2.46 per 10 years), respiratory distress (OR = 16.3), impaired consciousness (OR = 15.9), jaundice (OR = 32.2), and increased heart rate (OR = 2.01 per 10 beats per minute) increased the likelihood of death (AUC: 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 0.99). These results provide evidence that features of severe dengue are associated with higher mortality, which strengthens the recommendations related to triaging patients in dengue-endemic areas.
Isolated Renal Mucormycosis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Clinical Spectrum and Management Approach
Authors: Devana Sudheer K. , Gupta Vijayanth G. , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. , Bora Girdhar S. , Sharma Aditya P. , Parmar Kalpesh M. , Kumar Santosh , Mete Uttam K. , Singh Shrawan K. , Mandal Arup K. , Kakkar Nandita , Banerjee Nirmalya , Ghosh Anup
Published: January 2019

Isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent hosts is a rare entity. We present the largest case series of isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent hosts. Retrospective data of isolated renal mucormycosis from March 2012 to June 2017 was reviewed. Fifteen patients of isolated renal mucormycosis were identified. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed enlarged globular kidneys with decreased or patchy enhancement, perinephric stranding and thickened Gerota’s fascia in all patients. Ten patients with unilateral involvement underwent nephrectomy and two of four patients with bilateral renal mucormycosis underwent bilateral nephrectomy. Two patients were managed with intravenous antifungal therapy alone. Overall, the mortality rate in our series was 40% (6/15). Isolated renal mucormycosis in healthy immunocompetent hosts is an emerging new entity. Prompt diagnosis based on the characteristic clinical and radiological picture and starting high-dose antifungal therapy at least 24 hours before surgical debridement offer the best chance of survival in these patients.
Case Report: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Caused by Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Venezuelan Patient with HIV and Epstein–Barr Virus Reactivation Who Traveled to Japan
Authors: Tsuboi Motoyuki , Nishijima Takeshi , Nagi Minoru , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Teruya Katsuji , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi
Published: January 2019

We describe a Venezuelan visitor to Japan who was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The patient was also diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein–Barr virus infection by the Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, respectively. The cause of HLH was considered to be these two infections at first; however, the patient did not recover with antiretroviral/anti-herpes virus therapy. Thereafter, diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was confirmed with an antigen detection test, culture, and PCR test of blood, urine, and bone marrow, and the patient improved gradually after the initiation of liposomal amphotericin B. This case highlights the importance of ruling out endemic mycosis as a cause of HLH even if other probable causes exist in patients from endemic areas.
Combined Effects of Engine and Oil Age on Low Speed Pre-Ignition
Authors: Swarts Andre , Kostan Travis , Kalaskar Vickey
Published: January 2019

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) is a well-established phenomenon that occurs in boosted, direct injection, spark ignition engines. The impact of lubricant formulation has arguably received the most attention, leading to the introduction of the Sequence IX test for LSPI as part of the API SN PLUS lubricant service category. This test, as with most other LSPI evaluations, considers the performance of the fresh oil. A handful of papers have started addressing the effect of both engine and oil age on LSPI during both test-stand and in-vehicle studies. The current paper adds to this body of knowledge by analyzing results from multiple test-bench installations of the GM LHU engine platform. For each engine, multiple tests, each comprising of multiple segments of a high-load, low-speed test point, known to amplify the occurrence of LSPI, were analyzed to investigate the combined effect of oil and engine age on LSPI activity. Three different baseline oils, which were repeated multiple times, as well as several candidate oils, were included in the data set. Since the baseline LSPI activities showed an overall downward trend attributed to engine aging, bracketing adjustments of candidate oil results were considered most appropriate. Once the individual segment results were corrected for engine age, there was no consistent, residual pattern of activity change due to oil aging. Since early LSPI segment activities were noticeably different for some tests, caution should be taken when selecting a test for statistically comparing means of tests oils. Selected oils were subject to extended LSPI tests, but no correlations could be found between LSPI activity and used oil analyses results.
Indian winter and summer monsoon strength over the 4.2 ka BP event in foraminifer isotope records from the Indus River delta in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Giesche Alena , Staubwasser Michael , Petrie Cameron A. , Hodell David A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The plains of northwest South Asia receive rainfall during both the Indian
summer (June–September) and winter (December–March) monsoon. Researchers
have long attempted to deconstruct the influence of these precipitation
regimes in paleoclimate records, in order to better understand regional
climatic drivers and their potential impact on human populations. The
mid–late Holocene transition between 5.3 and 3.3 ka is of particular
interest in this region because it spans the period of the Indus Civilization
from its early development, through its urbanization, and onto eventual
transformation into a rural society. An oxygen isotope record of the
surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber from
the northeast Arabian Sea provided evidence for an abrupt decrease in
rainfall and reduction in Indus River discharge at 4.2 ka, which the authors
linked to the decline in the urban phase of the Indus Civilization
(Staubwasser et al., 2003). Given the importance of this study, we used the
same core (63KA) to measure the oxygen isotope profiles of two other
foraminifer species at decadal resolution over the interval from 5.4 to
3.0 ka and to replicate a larger size fraction of G. ruber than
measured previously. By selecting both thermocline-dwelling
(Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) and shallow-dwelling
(Globigerinoides sacculifer) species, we provide enhanced detail of
the climatic changes that occurred over this crucial time interval. We found
evidence for a period of increased surface water mixing, which we suggest was
related to a strengthened winter monsoon with a peak intensity over 200 years
from 4.5 to 4.3 ka. The time of greatest change occurred at 4.1 ka when
both the summer and winter monsoon weakened, resulting in a reduction in
rainfall in the Indus region. The earliest phase of the urban Mature Harappan
period coincided with the period of inferred stronger winter monsoon between
4.5 and 4.3 ka, whereas the end of the urbanized phase occurred some time
after the decrease in both the summer and winter monsoon strength by 4.1 ka.
Our findings provide evidence that the initial growth of large Indus urban
centers coincided with increased winter rainfall, whereas the contraction of
urbanism and change in subsistence strategies followed a reduction in
rainfall of both seasons.
Migrantische Ökonomien zwischen Potentialorientierung und Differenzmarkierung. Konzeption und Erträge eines „prä-postmigrantischen“ Forschungsgegenstands
Authors: Räuchle Charlotte , Nuissl Henning
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In public discourse, issues of migration and immigration were for a long time perceived “only” as an integration problem. Nevertheless, a potential-oriented view of migration has been postulated recently and also implemented in practice. Thus, especially in large cities, various political programmes have been adopted that aim at commodifying the potential of migrant economies for urban development. This potential-oriented perspective is, however, decidedly “pre-post-migrant”, since it requires some kind of distinctive concept of the “migrant” in general and migrant economies in particular. Based on a project examining the importance of migrant economies for urban development in smaller cities, this article discusses the topic as an issue of research and local politics in a post-migrant perspective. Finally, uncertainties on how to deal with migrant economies also arise from the field itself and various challenges remain for a post-migrant “production of urban space”.
Characterizing ERA-interim and ERA5 surface wind biases using
ASCAT
Authors: Belmonte Rivas Maria , Stoffelen Ad
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper analyses the differences between ERA-Interim and ERA5 surface winds fields relative to ASCAT ocean vector wind observations, after adjustment for the effects of atmospheric stability and density, using stress equivalent winds (U10S), and air-sea relative motion using ocean current velocities. In terms of instantaneous RMS wind speed agreement, ERA5 winds show a 20 % improvement relative to ERA interim, and a performance similar to that of currently operational ECMWF forecasts. ERA5 also performs better than ERA-interim in terms of mean and transient wind errors, wind divergence and wind stress curl biases. Yet, both ERA products show systematic errors in the partition of the wind kinetic energy into zonal and meridional, mean and transient components. ERA winds are characterized by excessive mean zonal winds (westerlies) with defective mean poleward flows at mid-latitudes, and defective mean meridional winds (trades) in the tropics. ERA stress curl is too cyclonic at mid and high latitudes, with implications for Ekman upwelling estimates, and lack detail in the representation of SST gradient effects (along the equatorial cold tongues and WBC jets) and mesoscale convective airflows (along the ITCZ and the warm flanks for the WBC jets). It is conjectured that large-scale mean wind biases in ERA are related to their lack of high frequency (transient wind) variability, which should be promoting residual meridional circulations in the Ferrell and Hadley cells.
Global meta-analysis of the relationship between soil organic matter and crop yields
Authors: Oldfield Emily E. , Bradford Mark A. , Wood Stephen A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Resilient, productive soils are necessary to sustainably intensify
agriculture to increase yields while minimizing environmental harm. To
conserve and regenerate productive soils, the need to maintain and build soil
organic matter (SOM) has received considerable attention. Although SOM is
considered key to soil health, its relationship with yield is contested
because of local-scale differences in soils, climate, and farming systems.
There is a need to quantify this relationship to set a general framework for
how soil management could potentially contribute to the goals of sustainable
intensification. We developed a quantitative model exploring how SOM relates
to crop yield potential of maize and wheat in light of co-varying factors of
management, soil type, and climate. We found that yields of these two crops
are on average greater with higher concentrations
of SOC (soil organic carbon). However, yield
increases level off at ∼2 % SOC. Nevertheless, approximately
two-thirds of the world's cultivated maize and wheat lands currently have SOC
contents of less than 2 %. Using this regression relationship developed
from published empirical data, we then estimated how an increase in SOC
concentrations up to regionally specific targets could potentially help
reduce reliance on nitrogen (N) fertilizer and help close global yield gaps.
Potential N fertilizer reductions associated with increasing SOC amount to
7 % and 5 % of global N fertilizer inputs across maize and wheat
fields, respectively. Potential yield increases of 10±11 %
(mean ± SD) for maize and 23±37 % for wheat amount to 32 %
of the projected yield gap for maize and 60 % of that for wheat. Our
analysis provides a global-level prediction for relating SOC to crop yields.
Further work employing similar approaches to regional and local data, coupled
with experimental work to disentangle causative effects of SOC on yield and
vice versa, is needed to provide practical prescriptions to incentivize soil
management for sustainable intensification.
Rapid decline of Arctic sea ice volume: Causes and consequences
Authors: Gascard Jean-Claude , Zhang Jinlun , Rafizadeh Mehrad
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The drastic reduction of the Arctic sea ice over the past 40 years is the most glaring evidence of climate change on Planet Earth. Among all the variables characterizing sea ice, the sea ice volume is by far the most sensitive one for climate change since it is decaying at the highest rate compared to sea ice extent and sea ice thickness. In 40 years the Arctic Ocean has lost about 3/4 of its sea ice volume at the end of the summer season corresponding to a reduction of both sea ice extent and sea ice thickness by half on average. From more than 16 000 km3, 40 years ago, the Arctic sea ice summer minimum dropped down to less than 4000 km3 during the most recent summers. Being a combination of Arctic sea ice extent and sea ice thickness, the Arctic sea ice volume is difficult to observe directly and accurately. We estimated cumulative Freezing-Degree Days (FDD) over a 9 month freezing time period (September to May each year) based on ERA Interim surface air temperature reanalysis over the whole Arctic Ocean and for the past 38 years. Then we compared the Arctic sea ice volume based on sea ice thickness deduced from cumulative FDD with Arctic sea ice volume estimated from PIOMAS (Pan Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System) and from the ESA CRYOSAT-2 satellite. The results are strikingly similar. The warming of the atmosphere is playing an important role in contributing to the Arctic sea ice volume decrease during the whole freezing season (September to May). In addition, the FDD spatial distribution exhibiting a sharp double peak-like feature is reflecting the Multi Y ear Ice (MYI) versus First Year Ice (FYI) dual disposition typical of the Arctic sea ice cover. This is indicative of a significant contribution from the vertical ocean heat fluxes throughout the ice depending on MYI versus FYI distribution and the snow layer on top of it influencing the surface air temperature accordingly. In 2018 the Arctic MYI vanished almost completely for the first time ever over the past 40 years. The quasi complete disappearance of the Arctic sea ice is more likely to happen in summer within the next 15 years with broad consequences for Arctic marine and terrestrial ecosystems, climate and weather patterns on a planetary scale and globally on human activities.
Erratics selection for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating – an optimization approach
Authors: Tylmann Karol , Woźniak Piotr P. , Rinterknecht Vincent R.
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a method for the selection of large erratics to be sampled for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (TCNED) in areas previously covered by Pleistocene ice sheets. Our approach is based on (1) a GIS analysis of an extensive dataset of erratics, (2) field inspection of pre-selected boulders and (3) Schmidt hammer (SH) testing of erratics selected for sampling. An initial database of 491 erratic boulders in NW Poland was filtered using a GIS software, based on their characteristics, digital elevation and surface geology. The secondary data set of pre-selected erratics consisted of 135 boulders – i.e. proper targets for field inspection. Ground-truthing in the field resulted in the final selection of 63 boulders suitable for sampling for TCNED. These erratics are located on moraine plateaux and hills formed during the Saalian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 6) as well as Leszno/Brandenburg, Poznań/Frankfurt and Pomeranian Phase ice marginal belts from the Weichselian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2). The GIS desk-based analysis of erratics properties resulted in a 73% reduction of the initial dataset, which demonstrates the added value of this selection technique. The field inspection of pre-selected boulders resulted in a 53% reduction of the number of boulders suitable for TCNED. SH testing of the sampled erratics provided a quantitative proxy of their surface hardness. This allowed the quantification of their weathering degree and identification of erratics potentially affected by postglacial erosion. Our systematic approach to selecting erratics and their SH testing could be a useful tool for other researchers facing the problem of choosing appropriate erratics for TCNED in areas of continental Pleistocene glaciations.
Bayesian Joint Models for Longitudinal and Multi-state Survival Data
Authors: Mwanyekange Josua , Mwalili Samuel Musili , Ngesa Oscar
Published: January 2019

Joint models for longitudinal and time to event data are frequently used in many observational studies such as clinical trials with the aim of investigating how biomarkers which are recorded repeatedly in time are associated with time to an event of interest. In most cases, these joint models only consider a univariate time to event process. However, many clinical trials of patients with cancer, involve multiple recurrences of a single event together with a single terminal event experienced by patients over time. Therefore, this article proposes joint modelling approachs for longitudinal and multi-state data. The approach considers two sub-models that are linked by a common latent random variable. The first sub-model is linear mixed effect model that defines the longitudinal process and the second sub-model is a proportional intensity function for the multi-state process. Furthermore, on the proportional intensity model, two different formulations are used to define dependence structure between longitudinal and multi-state processes. In this article, a semi-Markov process that consider the time spent in the current state is defined for the transitions between states. Moreover, the time spent in each transient state is assumed to have Gompertz distribution. A Bayesian method using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is developed for parameter estimation and inferences. The deviance information criterion (DIC) is also derived for Bayesian model selection and comparison. Finally, our proposed joint modeling approach is evaluated through a simulation study and is applied to real datasets (colorectal and colorectal.Longi) which present a random selection of 150 patients from a multi-center randomized phase III clinical trial FFCD 2000-05 of patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Een universeel rekenmodel voor bedrijfstak(cao- en pensioen)regelingen?
Authors: Halsema M.J.H.
Published: January 2019

Een universeel rekenmodel voor bedrijfstak(cao- en pensioen)regelingen?

Deze bijdrage geeft een overzicht van alle bedrijfstak(cao- en pensioen)regelingen in Nederland. Binnen dat kader wordt in het bijzonder aandacht besteed aan de systematiek van de werkingssfeer van de oudste verplicht gestelde bedrijfstakregelingen, te weten die binnen de Landbouw, de Metalektro en de Metaal en Techniek. Op basis van uitvoerig beschreven patronen en relaties binnen en tussen deze te onderscheiden bedrijfstakken wordt een rekenmodel geïntroduceerd voor de bepaling van de op een werkgever toepasselijke werkingssfeer. Dit rekenmodel is van belang voor de uitleg van de werkingssfeer van de overige in deze bijdrage vermelde bedrijfstakregelingen.
Het grondrecht op collectief onderhandelen van zelfstandigen versus het Europese mededingingsrecht
Authors: Hoekstra R.F.
Published: January 2019

Het grondrecht op collectief onderhandelen van zelfstandigen versus het Europese mededingingsrecht

In dit artikel staat centraal dat de beperking van de door het Hof van Justitie geformuleerde ‘cao-exceptie’ op het Europese mededingingsrecht tot ‘werknemers’ en ‘schijnzelfstandigen’ zich moeilijk tot een grondrechtenbenadering lijkt te verhouden. Zelfstandigen met een zwakke arbeidsmarktpositie hebben namelijk evenzeer behoefte aan collectieve middelen om hun arbeidsvoorwaarden te verbeteren en vallen ook onder grondrechtenverdragen. Door een uitgebreide beschouwing van de relevante rechtsinstrumenten van de VN, de IAO en de Raad van Europa en de uitleg die de toezichtorganen hieraan geven blijkt dat het grondrecht op vrijheid van (vak)vereniging, collectief onderhandelen en collectieve actie evenzeer aan deze groep lijkt toe te komen, en een te rigoureuze inperking vanwege het mededingingsrecht niet gerechtvaardigd wordt geacht. De conclusie bevat enkele gedachten over hoe het Europese mededingingsrecht met een grondrechtenbenadering overeenstemming te brengen. Daarbij passeren zowel de recente ontwikkelingen rondom het zelfstandigenvraagstuk in Nederland als initiatieven op Europees niveau de revue.
Overgang van onderneming in de publieke sector en de positie van de ‘geschorste’ werknemer
Authors: Sprengers L.C.J.
Published: January 2019

Overgang van onderneming in de publieke sector en de positie van de ‘geschorste’ werknemer

Het HvJ EU heeft op 20 juli 2017, ECLI:EU:C:2017:574, inzake Piscarreta Ricardo geoordeeld over de vraag of de Richtlijn 2001/23 inzake overgang van onderneming ook van toepassing is op een (eenzijdig) overheidsbesluit om een onderneming waar een gemeente enig aandeelhouder van is te ontbinden en de activiteiten over te hevelen deels naar de gemeente en deels naar een andere onderneming. Ingegaan wordt op de betekenis van deze uitspraak voor de Nederlandse praktijk tegen de achtergrond van de Wet normalisering rechtspositie ambtenaren (WNRA), die met ingang van 1 januari 2020 van kracht gaat. Een andere vraag die door het HvJ EU is behandeld, is of een persoon die wegens de schorsing van zijn arbeidsovereenkomst niet in actieve dienst is, valt onder het begrip ‘werknemer’ in de zin van artikel 2 lid 1 onderdeel d van de richtlijn. Op de betekenis van dit arrest voor de Nederlandse rechtspraak hierover wordt eveneens ingegaan.
EELC 2018/41 Spanish Supreme Court now aligned with ECJ’s case law: Limitation to pre-transfer liabilities for new contractor under CBA-led transfers that triggers a non-asset based transfer are not valid (SP)
Authors: Aguilar Luis
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/41 Spanish Supreme Court now aligned with ECJ’s case law: Limitation to pre-transfer liabilities for new contractor under CBA-led transfers that triggers a non-asset based transfer are not valid (SP)

Following the ECJ’s decision in Somoza Hermo – v – Ilunion Seguridad, C-60/17 (Somoza Hermo) of 11 July 2018, all eyes were on the Spanish Supreme Court. Since 2016, the Court has ruled a number of times that limitations to the liability of the new contractor established in a collective bargaining agreement (‘CBA’) in the context of a CBA-led transfer were valid (see e.g. EELC 2018/21). Somoza Hermo established that a CBA-led transfer that entails a non-asset-based transfer is a transfer within the meaning of the Acquired Rights Directive. Now the Supreme Court (in a decision dated 27 September 2018 taken with one dissenting opinion) is clear that its doctrine must be reviewed and has therefore held that limitations on pre-transfer liability for a new contractor under a CBA-led transfer that trigger a non-asset-based transfer, are not valid.
EELC 2018/42 No reduction of vacation pay for already accrued vacation entitlement in the case of a reduction of weekly working hours later on (GE)
Authors: Stephan Nina , Schreiner Paul
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/42 No reduction of vacation pay for already accrued vacation entitlement in the case of a reduction of weekly working hours later on (GE)

According to German law, every employee is entitled to paid annual leave. The amount of pay is generally calculated based on the current salary (known as the “principle of loss of pay”) but a reduction of working hours during the year does not lead to a reduction of entitlement to holiday pay for previously acquired holiday entitlements. If the entitlement was already acquired before the reduction of working time (which can happen because in Germany holiday entitlement is acquired at the beginning of the calendar year), pay during leave will be based on the salary agreed between the employer and employee when the holiday entitlement was acquired and thus, based on the ‘old’ salary.
EELC 2018/46 Limits to a contractual penalty for non-compliance with a non-compete clause (CZ)
Authors: Diblíková Anna
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/46 Limits to a contractual penalty for non-compliance with a non-compete clause (CZ)

The Czech Supreme Court has ruled that the concept of good moral conduct must be taken into account when assessing whether an employee has breached his or her non-compete obligation and thus whether it is fair to demand that the employee pay a contractual penalty for the breach. The Court annulled the penalty.
Angst voor de dood als schade(post)
Authors: Overheul A.M.
Published: January 2019

Angst voor de dood als schade(post)

Deze bijdrage gaat over angst voor de dood als schade(post) in het Nederlandse recht. Aanleiding hiervoor is een arrest van het Franse Cour de Cassation, waarin het Hof arrest wijst over angst voor de dood. De auteur spitst angst als schade toe op de dood, waarbij een onderscheid gemaakt wordt tussen drie verschillende situaties: het slachtoffer weet niet óf hij doodgaat; het slachtoffer heeft het ongeval – tegen de verwachting in – overleefd en het slachtoffer weet dat hij gaat overlijden.
Palliatieve zorg door naasten en zorgschade
Authors: Audenaerde E. , Renders L.
Published: January 2019

Palliatieve zorg door naasten en zorgschade

In dit artikel geven de auteurs inzicht in wat palliatieve zorg is en hoe zij zich verhoudt tot het letsel dat centraal staat in de Handreiking Zorgschade. Zij zullen geen conclusies verbinden aan de jurisprudentie hierover, maar meer uitleg geven over wat palliatieve zorg is; of dit zorg is die gewoonlijk door naasten van een terminaal persoon gegeven kan worden, welke rol professionals hierin gewoonlijk hebben, en wat het verschil is (of niet) met zorgschade.
‘Affectieschade’ en ‘shockschade’, onderscheid, samenloop, vooruitblik
Authors: Lindenbergh S.D.
Published: January 2019

‘Affectieschade’ en ‘shockschade’, onderscheid, samenloop, vooruitblik

De invoering van het ‘wetsvoorstel affectieschade’ roept een aanspraak op smartengeld in het leven voor naasten en nabestaanden. Dat roept vervolgens de vraag op hoe deze aanspraak zich verhoudt tot het recht op schadevergoeding van iemand die door confrontatie met een schokkende gebeurtenis geestelijk letsel heeft opgelopen. Daarover gaat deze bijdrage.
Waarom het rekensjabloon van het nieuwe model moet worden aangepast
Authors: Tromp J.M.
Published: January 2019

Waarom het rekensjabloon van het nieuwe model moet worden aangepast

In dit artikel staat de vraag centraal of het rekensjabloon in het economisch deel 1 van het nieuwe model geschikt is om de uitkomsten te verwerken van de in het juridisch deel 2 te maken keuzes. De conclusie is dat dat niet zo is. Een praktische oplossing wordt aangedragen.
Componentes de los identificadores visuales y su efecto en el reconocimiento de marca
Authors: Ayala Jose Luis
Published: January 2019

La creación de comunicaciones visuales, cada vez son más importante y se extienden más allá de empaques, material promocional, publicidad, tarjetas de presentación y membretes. Muchos negocios invierten una cantidad significativa de dinero en el desarrollo de sus logos (Coleman et al., 1995). Estudios demuestran que 1 de cada 50 compañías rediseñará su logo en el próximo año (Spaeth, 2002), y a un alto costo. La compañía Pepsi pagó $1 millones a la firma Arnell Group por el rediseño de su logo, por otro lado, la BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) gastó 1.8 millones al rediseñar su logo en 1997 (Stampler 2012).El propósito principal de este estudio es explorar la composición de la comunicación visual y los elementos que inciden en el reconocimiento de la marca. Se explora la correlación entre la recordación, creatividad y la intención de compra. La muestra consto de 100 encuestados de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Se expusieron a diferentes estímulos y se realizaron pruebas estadísticas para explorar las correlaciones.Se seleccionaron 5 marcas líderes en las industrias de cerveza y shampoo. Los logos (comunicaciones visuales) de cada marca fueron deconstruirlos y se aislaron los elementos de forma, color y tipografía.
The Logo Type
Authors: Bartomeu Magaña Elena
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the typical sign of identity––the logotype––used by Spanish media in Spain during the first decade of the twenty-first century. The logotype was defined after studying a sample of 130 visual signs of corporate identity either designed or re-designed before 2010. The analysis of the signs was carried out using a tool designed as part of the doctoral research to measure trends in the visual sign of corporate identity. The results show a trend in the sample which fits the description of the index––according to Peirce––in which the communicative values of the context of use predominate. This tendency highlights a denotative form of representation, which we interpret as the need to anchor ourselves to the AFK reality (away from the keyboard reality) which nowadays is digital, interactive and changing.