bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Previous flight facilitates partner finding in female crickets
Authors: Mezheritskiy Maxim , Vorontsov Dmitry , Lapshin Dmitry , Dyakonova Varvara
Published: December 2020

In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, flying occurs soon after the last imaginal molt and precedes the mating behavior in natural conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that flying may improve subsequent behavioral performance in a novel environment in female crickets. We developed a behavioral set-up to test female cricket responsiveness to male calling song as well as their ability to locate and find the source of the song. The male song was produced by a loudspeaker hidden behind the fabric wall of a spacious square arena. Forced flight prior to the test promoted female sexual searching behavior in the novel environment. After the flight, more females reached the hidden source zone, spent more time near the source and finally more of them climbed over the wall section immediately in front of the hidden loudspeaker. At the same time, their behavior in the arena did not differ from the control group when the calling song was not delivered, suggesting that flight exerts its behavioral effects by influencing sexual motivation. Our results support the suggestion that preceding intense locomotion facilitates sexual searching behavior of females in a novel environment.
A dual perspective on the microwave-assisted synthesis of HCN polymers towards the chemical evolution and design of functional materials
Authors: Hortal Lucía , Pérez-Fernández Cristina , de la Fuente José L. , Valles Pilar , Mateo-Martí Eva , Ruiz-Bermejo Marta
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the first study on NH4CN polymerization induced by microwave radiation is described, where a singular kinetic behaviour, especially when this reaction is conducted in the absence of air, is found. As a result, a complex conjugated N-heterocyclic polymer system is obtained, whose properties are very different, and even improved according to morphological features, characterized by their X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy analysis, with respect to those produced under conventional thermal treatment. In addition, a wide variety of relevant bioorganics have been identified, such as amino acids, nucleobases, co-factors, etc., from the synthetized NH4CN polymers. These particular families of polymers are of high interest in the fields of astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry and, more recently, in the development of smart multifunctional materials. From an astrobiological perspective, microwave-driven syntheses may simulate hydrothermal environments, which are considered ideal niches for increasing organic molecular complexity, and eventually as scenarios for an origin of life. From an industrial point of view and for potential applications, a microwave irradiation process leads to a notable decrease in the reaction times, and tune the properties of these new series macromolecular systems. The characteristics found for these materials encourage the development of further systematic research on this alternative HCN polymerization.
Doping and temperature evolutions of optical response of Sr3(Ir1-xRux)2O7
Authors: Ahn Gihyeon , Schmehr J. L. , Porter Z. , Wilson S. D. , Moon S. J.
Published: December 2020

We report on optical spectroscopic study of the Sr3(Ir1-xRux)2O7 system over a wide doping regime. We find that the changes in the electronic structure occur in the limited range of the concentration of Ru ions where the insulator–metal transition occurs. In the insulating regime, the electronic structure associated with the effective total angular momentum Jeff = 1/2 Mott state remains robust against Ru doping, indicating the localization of the doped holes. Upon entering the metallic regime, the Mott gap collapses and the Drude-like peak with strange metallic character appears. The evolution of the electronic structure registered in the optical data can be explained in terms of a percolative insulator–metal transition. The phonon spectra display anomalous doping evolution of the lineshapes. While the phonon modes of the compounds deep in the insulating and metallic regimes are almost symmetric, those of the semiconducting compound with x = 0.34 in close proximity to the doping-driven insulator–metal transition show a pronounced asymmetry. The temperature evolution of the phonon modes of the x = 0.34 compound reveals the asymmetry is enhanced in the antiferromagnetic state. We discuss roles of the S = 1 spins of the Ru ions and charge excitations for the conspicuous lineshape asymmetry of the x = 0.34 compound.
In-situ monitoring for liquid metal jetting using a millimeter-wave impedance diagnostic
Authors: Chang Tammy , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Watkins Nicholas N. , Stobbe David M. , Mays Owen , Baluyot Emer V. , Pascall Andrew J. , Tringe Joseph W.
Published: December 2020

This article presents a millimeter-wave diagnostic for the in-situ monitoring of liquid metal jetting additive manufacturing systems. The diagnostic leverages a T-junction waveguide device to monitor impedance changes due to jetted metal droplets in real time. An analytical formulation for the time-domain T-junction operation is presented and supported with a quasi-static full-wave electromagnetic simulation model. The approach is evaluated experimentally with metallic spheres of known diameters ranging from 0.79 to 3.18 mm. It is then demonstrated in a custom drop-on-demand liquid metal jetting system where effective droplet diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 mm are detected. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach can provide information about droplet size, timing, and motion by monitoring a single parameter, the reflection coefficient amplitude at the input port. These results show the promise of the impedance diagnostic as a reliable in-situ characterization method for metal droplets in an advanced manufacturing system.
Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth
Authors: Nordkvist Michelle , Klapwijk Maartje J. , Edenius La rs , Björkman Christer
Published: December 2020

Most plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.
Prognostic relevance of programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2/PD-L2) in patients with advanced stage colon carcinoma treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Kevin Chih-Yang , Chiang Shu-Fen , Chen Tsung-Wei , Chen William Tzu-Liang , Yang Pei-Chen , Ke Tao-Wei , Chao K. S. Clifford
Published: December 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the role of tumor programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in suppressing antitumor immunity has been validated in various malignances, the impact of PD-L2 (PD-L2/PDCD1LG2) within tumors remains elusive. Here, we examined tumor PD-L2 expression by immunohistochemical analysis and assessed its association with clinicopathological characteristics and the infiltration of intratumoral T lymphocytes in colon carcinoma patients (n = 1264). We found that tumor PD-L2 status was correlated with perineural invasion (PNI) and associated with survival outcome in colon carcinoma patients. The level of tumor PD-L2 was positively associated with tumor PD-L1 expression but inversely associated with the density of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with elevated tumor PD-L2 levels had a favorable 5-year overall survival (OS) compared to patients with low PD-L2 levels (57% vs 40%, p < 0.001), especially in advanced stage colon carcinoma patients. Low tumor PD-L2 expression was associated with an increased 5-year OS risk among advanced stage colon carcinoma patients by univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.69, 95% CI 1.324–2.161, p < 0.001] and multivariate analysis [HR = 1.594, 95% CI 1.206–2.106, p = 0.001]. Moreover, tumor PD-L2 expression was inversely associated with the lymphocytic reaction in advanced stage colon carcinoma, suggesting that PD-L2 may be upregulated by a compensatory mechanism to inhibit T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. Taken together, these results show that tumor PD-L2 expression may be an independent prognostic factor for survival outcome in patients with advanced stage colon carcinoma.
Low-spin 1,1′-diphosphametallocenates of chromium and iron
Authors: Greer Samuel M. , Üngor Ökten , Beattie Ross J. , Kiplinger Jaqueline L. , Scott Brian L. , Stein Benjamin W. , Goodwin Conrad A. P.
Published: December 2020

We report two low-spin diphosphametallocenates [K(2.2.2-crypt)][M(PC4Me4)2] (M = Cr, Fe) and propose structural features that allow spin-control in 3d metallocenates.
Tuning the configuration of the flexible metal–alkene-framework affords pure cycloisomers in solid state photodimerization
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Meng-Fan , Young David James , Zhu Hua , Hu Fei-Long , Mi Yan , Qin Zhen , Chen Shu Li , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: December 2020

The bulkiness of the guest molecules influences the conformations of the ligand and the final outcomes of the cycloaddition reaction.
Cyclopentane FIT-PNAs: bright RNA sensors
Authors: Tepper Odelia , Zheng Hongchao , Appella Daniel H. , Yavin Eylon
Published: December 2020

Cyclopentane-modified PNA monomers surrounding BisQ (surrogate base) significantly increase the sensitivity and selectivity for RNA detection by FIT-PNAs.
Intermolecular interactions in hydrates of 4-methylpiperidine and 4-chloropiperidine – a structural and computational study
Authors: Socha Paweł , Prus Bernadeta , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Boese Roland , Cyrański Michał K.
Published: December 2020

The highest hydrates of 4-methylpiperidine and 4-chloropiperidine are trihydrates, which are very similar but not isostructural and contain water layers of the L4(6)5(7)6(8) type.
Triplet state solvation dynamics: extending the accessible timescale by using indole as local probe
Authors: Weigl Peter , Schadt Daniel , Weißheit Susann , Thiele Christina Marie , Walther Thomas , Blochowicz Thomas
Published: December 2020

The fundamental understanding of indole based probes opens new perspectives for applications of triplet state solvation dynamics.
The facet-regulated oxidative dehydrogenation of lactic acid to pyruvic acid on α-Fe2O3
Authors: Yin Chunyu , Li Xinli , Dai Yunsheng , Chen Zhi , Yang Dingfeng , Liu Ruixue , Zou Weixin , Tang Congming , Dong Lin
Published: December 2020

The {001} facet of α-Fe2O3 offered excellent activity and stability for the oxidative dehydrogenation of lactic acid to pyruvic acid due to the lower adsorption energy on its surface compared to others.
Self-repairing microcapsules with aqueous solutions as core materials for conductive applications
Authors: Li Furong , Jiao Shouzheng , Sun Zhicheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Qingqing , Wen Jinyue , Zhou Yang
Published: December 2020

The self-repairing microcapsules can automatically repair damaged circuits, the preparation process is environmentally friendly, and the application prospect is broad.
Photocatalytic, anti-bacterial performance and development of 2,4-diaminophenylhydrazine chemical sensor probe based on ternary doped Ag·SrSnO3 nanorods
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Rifat Tanjila Parvin , Saha Pallab Chandra , Alam M. M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Raihan Topu , Azad Abul Kalam , Ghann William , Uddin Jamal , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: December 2020

Ag·SrSnO3 NRs is an excellent photocatalyst, kills both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The 2,4-DAPHyd sensor fabricated by layered Ag·SrSnO3 NRs onto GCE shows high sensitivity (7.5854 μA μM−1 cm−2); LDR, 0.1 nM~0.01 mM & LOD, 96.13 ± 4.81 pM.
DBU and TU synergistically induced ring-opening polymerization of phosphate esters: a mechanism study
Authors: Li Shuang , Lu Han , Kang Xiaohui , Wang Pan , Luo Yi
Published: December 2020

Biocompatible and biodegradable polyphosphoesters derived from the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of phosphate esters have drawn increasing attention because of their potential applications in clinical and therapeutic fields.
Synthesis, characterization and third order nonlinear optical properties of trans-A2B-type cobalt corroles
Authors: Lu Guifen , Zhang Peng , Fang Yuanyuan , Gao Yongjie , Hu Qikang
Published: December 2020

Five trans-A2B-type cobalt corroles with different substituents at the 5,15 meso-phenyl positions exhibit an excellent third-order nonlinear optical performance.
Ni2P nanoflakes for the high-performing urea oxidation reaction: linking active sites to a UOR mechanism
Authors: Liu Haipeng , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Wu Shuilin , Liang Yanqin
Published: December 2020

High electrical conductivity and tendency in triggering the UOR via a direct electro-oxidation mechanism result in superior UOR activity for Ni2P nanoflakes.
Mirror twin boundaries in MoSe2 monolayers as one dimensional nanotemplates for selective water adsorption
Authors: Li Jingfeng , Joseph Thomas , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Kolekar Sadhu , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Batzill Matthias
Published: December 2020

Water adsorption on transition metal dichalcogenides is modified at mirror grain boundaries.
An AIE-driven fluorescent polysaccharide polymersome as an enzyme-responsive FRET nanoprobe to study the real-time delivery aspects in live cells
Authors: Deshpande Nilesh Umakant , Virmani Mishika , Jayakannan Manickam
Published: December 2020

An enzyme-responsive FRET nanoprobe was designed and developed based on AIE-driven fluorescent polysaccharide polymersomes to study the real-time delivery aspects in the intracellular compartments in live cancer cells.
Alkaline all iron redox flow battery with a polyethylene/poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) interpolymer cation-exchange membrane
Authors: Sreenath Sooraj , Sharma Nitish Kumar , Nagarale Rajaram K.
Published: December 2020

A polyethylene styrene–DVB interpolymer cation exchange membrane is reported for use in a highly alkaline all iron redox flow battery.
Porous MOF-808@PVDF beads for removal of iodine from gas streams
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Chen Peng , Dong Xiuting , Zhang Wen , Zhao Song , Xiao Songtao , Ouyang Yinggen
Published: December 2020

Porous millimeter-sized MOF-808@PVDF composite beads with ultrahigh iodine adsorption capacity for capture of radioiodine from gas streams.
Determination of common organophosphorus pesticides in the blood of children with acute leukaemia using a double-solvent system as a novel extractant for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Akramipour Reza , Golpayegani Mohammad Reza , Sedighi Mostafa , Fattahi Farshad , Fattahi Nazir
Published: December 2020

In this research, a new mode of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on a double-solvent system (DLLME-DSS) was developed for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in the blood prior to determination by HPLC-UV.
Assembly and functionalization of supramolecular polymers from DNA-conjugated squaraine oligomers
Authors: Markova Larysa , Probst Markus , Häner Robert
Published: December 2020

The assembly of supramolecular polymers of DNA-linked squaraine oligomers and their subsequent derivatization is described.
FeS2-anchored transition metal single atoms for highly efficient overall water splitting: a DFT computational screening study
Authors: Yang Yingju , Liu Jing , Liu Feng , Wang Zhen , Wu Dawei
Published: December 2020

FeS2-anchored transition metal single-atom catalysts show excellent catalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Constructing sheet-assembled hollow CuSe nanocubes to boost the rate capability of rechargeable magnesium batteries
Authors: Du Changliang , Younas Waqar , Wang Zhitao , Yang Xinyu , Meng Erchao , Wang Liqin , Huang Jiaqin , Ma Xilan , Zhu Youqi , Cao Chuanbao
Published: December 2020

Sheet-assembled hollow CuSe nanocubes are fabricated by a facile template-directed selenation method and exhibit record rate capability among the chalcogenide compounds reported so far.
Current advances in drug delivery of nanoparticles for respiratory disease treatment
Authors: de Menezes Beatriz Rossi Canuto , Rodrigues Karla Faquine , Schatkoski Vanessa Modelski , Pereira Raíssa Monteiro , Ribas Renata Guimarães , Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do Amaral , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio
Published: December 2020

Cases of respiratory diseases have been increasing around the world, affecting the health and quality of life of millions of people every year.
Fabrication of solution-processed ambipolar electrolyte-gated field effect transistors from a MoS2–polymer hybrid for multifunctional optoelectronics
Authors: Song Jiaojiao , Chu Yican , Liu Zhizhen , Xu Haihua
Published: December 2020

An ambipolar electrolyte-gated field effect transistor based on a MoS2–polymer hybrid was achieved as an inverter and a modulator.
KiDS-1000 methodology: Modelling and inference for joint weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering analysis
Authors: Joachimi B. , Lin C.-A. , Asgari M. , Tröster T. , Heymans C. , Hildebrandt H. , Köhlinger F. , Sánchez A. G. , Wright A. H. , Bilicki M. , Blake C. , van den Busch J. L. , Crocce M. , Dvornik A. , Erben T. , Getman F. , Giblin B. , Hoekstra H. , Kannawadi A. , Kuijken K. , Napolitano N. R. , Schneider P. , Scoccimarro R. , Sellentin E. , Shan H. Y. , von Wietersheim-Kramsta M. , Zuntz J.
Published: December 2020

We present the methodology for a joint cosmological analysis of weak gravitational lensing from the fourth data release of the ESO Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) and galaxy clustering from the partially overlapping Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and the 2-degree Field Lensing Survey (2dFLenS). Cross-correlations between BOSS and 2dFLenS galaxy positions and source galaxy ellipticities have been incorporated into the analysis, necessitating the development of a hybrid model of non-linear scales that blends perturbative and non-perturbative approaches, and an assessment of signal contributions by astrophysical effects. All weak lensing signals were measured consistently via Fourier-space statistics that are insensitive to the survey mask and display low levels of mode mixing. The calibration of photometric redshift distributions and multiplicative gravitational shear bias has been updated, and a more complete tally of residual calibration uncertainties was propagated into the likelihood. A dedicated suite of more than 20 000 mocks was used to assess the performance of covariance models and to quantify the impact of survey geometry and spatial variations of survey depth on signals and their errors. The sampling distributions for the likelihood and the χ2 goodness-of-fit statistic have been validated, with proposed changes for calculating the effective number of degrees of freedom. The prior volume was explicitly mapped, and a more conservative, wide top-hat prior on the key structure growth parameter S8 = σ8 (Ωm/0.3)1/2 was introduced. The prevalent custom of reporting S8 weak lensing constraints via point estimates derived from its marginal posterior is highlighted to be easily misinterpreted as yielding systematically low values of S8, and an alternative estimator and associated credible interval are proposed. Known systematic effects pertaining to weak lensing modelling and inference are shown to bias S8 by no more than 0.1 standard deviations, with the caveat that no conclusive validation data exist for models of intrinsic galaxy alignments. Compared to the previous KiDS analyses, S8 constraints are expected to improve by 20% for weak lensing alone and by 29% for the joint analysis.
An EAGLE view of the missing baryons
Authors: Tuominen T. , Nevalainen J. , Tempel E. , Kuutma T. , Wijers N. , Schaye J. , Heinämäki P. , Bonamente M. , Ganeshaiah Veena P.
Published: December 2020

Context. A significant fraction of the predicted baryons remain undetected in the local Universe. We adopted the common assumption that a large fraction of the missing baryons correspond to the hot (log T(K) = 5.5–7) phase of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). We base our missing baryons search on the scenario whereby the WHIM has been heated up via accretion shocks and galactic outflows, and it is concentrated towards the filaments of the cosmic web.

Aims. Our aim is to improve the observational search for the poorly detected hot WHIM.

Methods. We detected the filamentary structure within the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation by applying the Bisous formalism to the galaxy distribution. To test the reliability of our results, we used the MMF/NEXUS+ classification of the large-scale environment of the dark matter component in EAGLE. We then studied the spatio-thermal distribution of the hot baryons within the extracted filaments.

Results. While the filaments occupy only ≈5% of the full simulation volume, the diffuse hot intergalactic medium in filaments amounts to ≈23%−25% of the total baryon budget, or ≈79%−87% of all the hot WHIM. The optimal filament sample, with a missing baryon mass fraction of ≈82%, is obtained by selecting Bisous filaments with a high galaxy luminosity density. For these filaments, we derived analytic formulae for the radial gas density and temperature profiles, consistent with recent Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich and cosmic microwave background lensing observations within the central r ≈ 1 Mpc.

Conclusions. Results from the EAGLE simulation suggest that the missing baryons are strongly concentrated towards the filament axes. Since the filament finding methods used here are applicable to galaxy surveys, a large fraction of the missing baryons can be localised by focusing the observational efforts on the central ∼1 Mpc regions of the filaments. To optimise the observational signal, it is beneficial to focus on the filaments with the highest galaxy luminosity densities detected in the optical data.
Planet cartography with neural learned regularization
Authors: Asensio Ramos A. , Pallé E.
Published: December 2020

Aims.Finding potential life harboring exo-Earths with future telescopes is one of the aims of exoplanetary science. Detecting signatures of life in exoplanets will likely first be accomplished by determining the bulk composition of the planetary atmosphere via reflected or transmitted spectroscopy. However, a complete understanding of the habitability conditions will surely require mapping the presence of liquid water, continents, and/or clouds. Spin-orbit tomography is a technique that allows us to obtain maps of the surface of exoplanets around other stars using the light scattered by the planetary surface.

Methods.We leverage the enormous potential of deep learning, and propose a mapping technique for exo-Earths in which the regularization is learned from mock surfaces. The solution of the inverse mapping problem is posed as a deep neural network that can be trained end-to-end with suitable training data. Since we still lack observational data of the surface albedo of exoplanets, in this work we propose methods based on the procedural generation of planets, inspired by what we have found on Earth. We also consider mapping the recovery of surfaces and the presence of persistent clouds in cloudy planets, a much more challenging problem.

Results.We show that reliable mapping can be carried out with our approach, producing very compact continents, even when using single-passband observations. More importantly, if exoplanets are partially cloudy like the Earth is, we show that it is possible to map the distribution of persistent clouds that always occur in the same position on the surface (associated with orography and sea surface temperatures) together with nonpersistent clouds that move across the surface. This will become the first test to perform on an exoplanet for the detection of an active climate system. For small rocky planets in the habitable zone of their stars, this weather system will be driven by water, and the detection can be considered a strong proxy for truly habitable conditions.
Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in Polish waters − its mitochondrial haplotype and role as intermediate host for trematodes
Authors: Stanicka Anna , Zając Kamila Stefania , Lachowska-Cierlik Dorota , Cichy Anna , Żbikowski Janusz , Żbikowska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843)) is on the list of one hundred worst invasive species. Researchers point out that genetic variation between populations of P. antipodarum manifested in differences in life-history traits. The main objective of our investigation was to gain pioneer knowledge about mitochondrial haplotypes of P. antipodarum in Polish waters on the background of these haplotypes recorded in the world and confirmation of the main role of P. antipodarum in the life cycle of digenean trematodes. We examined 1000 individuals of P. antipodarum from five water bodies in three different parts of Poland for the presence of larval stages of digenean trematodes. For several randomly selected individuals we carried out DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene as marker of this non-indigenous mollusk. Only one 16S rRNA haplotype of P. antipodarum was recorded in Polish waters, defined in this study as haplotype 1 which turned out to be the most widespread in Europe. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a source of trematode metacercariae belonging mainly to the family Echinostomatidae. As a result, we can demonstrate that it plays a role as the second intermediate host of digenean trematodes in European waters.
Paediatric dental-oral medicine clinic: management during COVID 19
Authors: Sanghvi Risha , Barrow Sarah , Hullah Esther , De Souza Michelle , Cook Richard , Siddik Dania
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Minimising spread of the COVID-19 infection through reducing face-to-face consults is essential. In doing so, alternative assessment and communication methods for management of patients with oral conditions should be considered. Material and methods: Patients on the waiting list for the joint oral medicine-paediatric dental clinic between March and June 2020 were prioritised based on a criteria including relevant medical history, diagnosis and clinical need and current management − monitoring, topical therapy or systemic therapy. A telephone consult method was chosen to assess and follow up patients and a parental satisfaction questionnaire was conducted following telephone consult. Results: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was the most common diagnosis of patients reviewed on the telephone clinic. Overall, the patient satisfaction questionnaire revealed that 100% of respondents would prefer a telephone consult during COVID-19 rather than face-to-face appointments. 74% opted for a video consult in preference to a telephone consult. Conclusion: This service evaluation has found telephone consults to be a valuable alternative to face-to-face consults in the management of patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases. Telephone consultations have high parental satisfaction and are an effective, convenient method to assess and follow up patients whilst maintaining their safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examination of an attempt to improve rapeseed cultivation in France in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel
Authors: Flénet Francis , Wagner Dominique , Simonin Pascal
Published: December 2020

“Démarche de progrès DIESTER®” was an attempt by French farmers, industrialists, technicians, agricultural cooperatives and private grain trading companies to continuously improve the environmental performance of rapeseed biodiesel. The objective was to implement certain rapeseed cultivation operations that had shown their efficiency in previous studies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: (i) the use of decision support systems (DSS) to calculate nitrogen fertilisation rates, (ii) the cultivation of legumes as intercrops with rapeseed or (iii) as previous crops. This paper first presents an estimate of the potential GHG effects of these cultivation operations, using results from previous studies obtained under experimental conditions or using crop modelling. It then presents the level of adoption by farmers of these cultivation operations in the context of the “Démarche de progrès DIESTER®” initiative to continuously improve the environmental performance of rapeseed biodiesel. Depending on the year, 39 to 74 agricultural cooperatives and grain trading companies were involved in the study, and 90 170 to 283 480 hectares of rapeseed have been monitored. This is the first time in France that an attempt to improve cultivation operations for environmental reasons has been made on such a scale. The average GHG reduction values, compared to fossil fuels, varied from 49.5 to 55.8% depending on the year, which was most often above the 50% minimum reduction value for sustainable biodiesel, but well below the 70% minimum for very low GHG emission biodiesel. Using the results of previous studies, this article shows that the widespread use of decision support systems to calculate mineral N fertilizer rates, and the cultivation of legumes as a preceding crop or intercrop, would make it possible to significantly reduce GHGs and make it possible to produce very low GHG-emitting biodiesel in certain locations and/or years. However, the actual changes in cultural operations were too small to be effective. The reasons for this lack of impact and how to achieve results in the future are discussed in this article.
Renale Anämie bei Kindern
Authors: Śladowska-Kozłowska Joanna , Schaefer Franz
Published: December 2020

Kinder und Jugendliche sind durch eine Anämie bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen besonders gefährdet. Eine nicht ausreichende Synthese von Erythropoietin, eine reduzierte Erythrozytenlebensdauer, Eisenmangel und Blutverluste steigern das Risiko einer renalen Anämie mit zunehmendem Grad der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CKD). Keiner der bislang verfügbaren diagnostischen Parameter reicht allein aus, um den Eisenstatus des Blutes exakt zu beurteilen. Daher sollte die Diagnose erweitert werden und der Retikulozyten-Hämoglobin-Gehalt bzw. das -Äquivalent (CHr/RET-He) gemessen werden. Die Werte spiegeln die aktuelle Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen für die Erythropoese wider. Zur Standardbehandlung der renalen Anämie gehören seit wenigen Jahrzehnten die Erythropoese stimulierenden Wirkstoffe (ESAs). Diese Therapie schlägt jedoch nicht immer ausreichend an. Doch es gibt es neue Therapieansätze, die hier vorgestellt werden. Hierbei könnten v. a. die oral verabreichbaren HIF-Stabilisatoren (HIF: Hypoxie induzierbarer Faktor) bald eine vielversprechende Therapiealternative für Kinder bieten.
Dermatochirurgie für Pflegekräfte und Fachangestellte
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Gauglitz Gerd , Dirschka Thomas
Published: December 2020

Pflegekräfte und medizinische Fachangestellte waren in der Weiterbildung auf dermatologischen Fachkongressen hinsichtlich der Dermatochirurgie lange unterrepräsentiert. Dabei spielen sie eine wichtige Rolle in der Verwirklichung einer patientenzentrierten und qualitätsgesicherten ambulanten Versorgung, gerade bei operativen Eingriffen. Deshalb wurden bereits seit 2011 in Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie (DGDC) dermatochirurgische Weiterbildungsseminare für Pflegekräfte und Fachangestellte auf der jährlichen Fortbildungsveranstaltung in Frankenthal (heute „Derm“) angeboten. Diese Seminare waren nicht nur ausgezeichnet frequentiert, sondern erfreuten sich einer engagierten Mitarbeit der Teilnehmer und haben so zu einer Bedarfsanalyse beigetragen. Auf den gewonnenen Erfahrungen der Interaktion mit den Seminarteilnehmern basiert dieses Curriculum. Zunächst werden die Themen angelehnt an den Praxisablauf chronologisch aufgelistet und im zweiten Abschnitt inhaltlich präzisiert.
Erste Online-Jahreshauptversammlung fand statt, neue Bücher online verfügbar, Transplant Consultant gesucht und Umfrage zu COVID-19
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: December 2020

Am 13.09.2020 fand die erste Online-Jahreshauptversammlung der EDTNA/ERCA statt. Sie können neue Bücher in der Online-Bibliothek herunterladen (Case Management, Pflege des diabetischen Fußes, Mundpflege bei CKD). Zudem werden Bewerber für das Amt des Transplant Consultant gesucht. Sie finden außerdem Informationen zu einer abgeschlossenen Umfrage zu COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019).
Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation and Immunoglobulin Response in Well-Fed Firefighters
Authors: Santos José Augusto Rodrigues , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Zacca Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Intensive physical training programs can affect the immune system. This study aims to verify the multi-micronutrient supplementation effects on serum immunoglobulins levels prior to and after a five-week physical training program. Twenty-four male recruit firefighters were randomly allocated into supplemented (with Prisfar Ever-Fit Plus over 35 consecutive days) and placebo groups (n=12 each). Serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M were assessed. Supplementation effect was detected for immunoglobulin G (eta-squared, η2: 0.09; p=0.035; power: 0.56), A (η2: 0.24; p=0.001; power: 0.95), and M (η2: 0.09; p=0.036; power: 0.56). Although immunoglobulin A was different between groups at baseline (mean difference: 42.58; 95%CI: 7.00 to 78.16 mg/dL; p=0.021; d=2.48), within-group (before vs. after five weeks) showed no differences for both supplemented and control groups. In addition, even if immunoglobulin G and M were similar at baseline, immunoglobulin G decreased (mean diff.: 46.4; 95%CI: 6.7 to 86.1 mg/dL; p=0.03; d=0.74) and immunoglobulin M increased (mean diff.: −10.7; 95%CI: −15.8 to −5.5 mg/dL; p=0.001; d=−1.33) in the control group. Although mean values remained within the reference values, changes observed for immunoglobulin G and M may reflect some immune protection for firefighters engaged in recruit training.
Sportwetten: Spielanreize und Risikopotenziale
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Kalke Jens
Published: December 2020

In den letzten Jahren haben gravierende Veränderungen auf dem Sportwettmarkt zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Spielanreize geführt. Wettoptionen mit hoher Ereignisfrequenz, die Erschließung des Internets als Zugangsmodalität oder die massive Expansion der Werbetätigkeiten legen die Hypothese nahe, dass es sich bei den modernen Formen des Sportwettens nicht mehr nur um harmlose Freizeitangebote handelt. Übergeordnetes Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die mit diesem Entwicklungstrend verbundenen zentralen Risikopotenziale zu bestimmen. Die mittels eines narrativen Reviews zusammengestellten Befunde verweisen auf Produktebene primär auf ein hohes Suchtpotenzial von Live-Wetten (inkl. Mikrowetten). Auf personaler Ebene erhöhen insbesondere das männliche Geschlecht, ein junges Lebensalter, eine ausgeprägte Risikoneigung sowie das Vorliegen kognitiver Verzerrungen im Sinne von Kontrollillusionen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, von sportwettbezogenen Problemen betroffen zu sein. Zu den umgebungsbezogenen Risikofaktoren zählen in erster Linie das Setting „Sportverein“ und ein hohes Ausmaß an Werbeexposition. In der Gesamtschau verweisen diese Erkenntnisse somit auf die dringliche Notwendigkeit, diesem Entwicklungstrend präventiv wie regulativ entgegenzusteuern.
ZNS-Tumoren
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: December 2020

Für Patienten mit Glioblastom gibt es nur sehr wenige systemische Therapieoptionen. Auf dem virtuellen ESMO 2020 wurde eine Untersuchung präsentiert, welche die Patientenselektion für eine immunonkologische Therapie vereinfachen könnte. Für Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen gibt es aus mehreren klinischen Studien gute Nachrichten, u. a. vielversprechende Ergebnisse mit einer TRK-gerichteten Therapie.
Direct Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Williams Travis J. , Cherepakhin Valeriy
Published: December 2020

Oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids is a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry, yet despite its simplicity, extensive use, and relationship to pH, it remains a subject of active research for synthetic organic chemists. Since 2013, a great number of new methods have emerged that utilize transition-metal compounds as catalysts for acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols to carboxylates. The interest in this reaction is explained by its atom economy, which is in accord with the principles of sustainability and green chemistry. Therefore, the methods for the direct synthesis of carboxylic acids from alcohols is ripe for a modern survey, which we provide in this review.

1 Introduction

2 Thermodynamics of Primary Alcohol Oxidation

3 Oxometalate Oxidation

4 Transfer Dehydrogenation

5 Acceptorless Dehydrogenation

6 Electrochemical Methods

7 Outlook
Corona-Finanzhilfen: Rettungsschirm mit Löchern
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: December 2020

Im rekordverdächtigen Tempo winkten jüngst Bundestag, Bundesrat und Bundespräsident das Dritte Bevölkerungsschutzgesetz durch. Das Gesetz ist seit 19. November in Kraft und sieht einen befristeten zweiten Schutzschirm für Kliniken vor. Im Gegensatz zum Frühjahr orientieren sich die Pauschalen nun an Infektionszahlen und knappen Intensivbetten auf regionaler Ebene.
Kreisklinik Gross-Gerau: Schützenhilfe vom Virus
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: December 2020

In der insolventen Kreisklinik Groß-Gerau ist in Pandemie-Zeiten eine Sanierung gelungen. Dabei hat sich das Corona-Virus als ungebetener und unerwarteter Verbündeter erwiesen. Über einen Neustart mit Zukunftsvision im doppelten Krisenmodus.
The zilch electromagnetic conservation law revisited
Authors: Aghapour Sajad , Andersson Lars , Rosquist Kjell
Published: December 2020

It is shown that the zilch conservation law arises as the Noether current corresponding to a variational symmetry of a duality-symmetric Maxwell Lagrangian. The action of the corresponding symmetry generator on the duality-symmetric Lagrangian, while non-vanishing, is a total divergence as required by the Noether theory. The variational nature of the zilch conservation law was previously known only for some of the components of the zilch tensor, notably the optical chirality. By contrast, our analysis is fully covariant and is, therefore, valid for all components of the zilch tensor. The analysis is presented here for both the real and complex versions of duality-symmetric Maxwell Lagrangians.
More on doubled aspects of algebroids in double field theory
Authors: Mori Haruka , Sasaki Shin
Published: December 2020

We continue to study doubled aspects of algebroid structures equipped with the C-bracket in double field theory (DFT). We find that a family of algebroids, the Vaisman (metric or pre-DFT), the pre- and the ante-Courant algebroids are constructed by the analogue of the Drinfel’d double of Lie algebroid pairs. We examine geometric implementations of these algebroids in the para-Hermitian manifold, which is a realization of the doubled space–time in DFT. We show that the strong constraint in DFT is necessary to realize the doubled and non-trivial Poisson structures but can be relaxed for some algebroids. The doubled structures of twisted brackets and those associated with group manifolds are briefly discussed.
Role of in situ electrode environments in mitigating instability-induced battery degradation
Authors: Yeerella Ram Hemanth , Boddeda Hemanth Sai Sandeep , Sengupta Amrita , Chakraborty Jeevanjyoti
Published: December 2020

Silicon nanowires and nanotube electrode particles are known for their high charge capacity and good cyclability. However, since Si undergoes volumetric expansion of more than 300% upon lithiation, the electrode particles suffer from buckling instability when axially constrained. The framework presented here enables us to investigate this failure using a buckling criterion in a coupled chemo-mechanical environment. The consideration of more realistic electrode environments helps us go beyond the predictive capabilities of current instability models. The surrounding material sensitively determines the coupling effects of mechanical stresses and electrochemical performance. The study prescribes the safe lengths of the electrode particles to prevent buckling at various states of charging and establishes the reinforcing role of surrounding binder material in facilitating the use of greater particle-lengths. Interestingly, the model predicts a minimum state of charge corresponding to a given binder elastic modulus prior to which the particle will never buckle irrespective of its length. The results show how the electrode surroundings could be manipulated to usefully exploit the impending particle instabilities into modeling sophisticated electrode structures consisting of architected materials.
Three-terminal vibron-coupled hybrid quantum dot thermoelectric refrigeration
Authors: Mukherjee Swarnadip , De Bitan , Muralidharan Bhaskaran
Published: December 2020

A three-terminal nanoscale refrigeration concept based on a vibron-coupled quantum dot hybrid system coupled to two contacts and a phonon bath is proposed and analyzed in detail. While investigating the non-trivial role of electron–phonon interactions, we show that, although they are well known to be detrimental from a general refrigeration perspective, they can be engineered to favorably improve the trade-off between the cooling power (CP) and the coefficient-of-performance (COP). Furthermore, an additional improvement in the trade-off can be facilitated by applying a high thermal bias. However, the allowed maximum of the thermal bias being strongly limited by the electron–phonon coupling, in turn, determines the lowest achievable temperature of the cooled body. It is further demonstrated that such interactions drive a phonon flow between the dot and bath whose direction and magnitude depend on the temperature difference between the dot and bath. To justify its impact in optimizing the peak CP and COP, we show that a weak coupling with the bath is preferable when the phonons relax through it and a strong coupling is suitable in the opposite case when the phonons are extracted from the bath. Finally, in studying the effect of asymmetry in electronic couplings, we show that a stronger coupling is favorable with the contact whose temperature is closer to that of the bath. Combining these aspects, we believe that this study could offer important guidelines for a possible realization of molecular and quantum dot thermoelectric refrigerator.
Mechanisms of particle preferential concentration induced by secondary motions in a dilute turbulent square duct flow
Authors: Wang Yanzhi , Fairweather Michael , Mortimer Lee F. , Zhao Yanlin , Yao Jun
Published: December 2020

Particle-laden turbulent square duct flows at Reτ = 300 (based on the duct half-width and the mean friction velocity) are investigated using direct numerical simulation with one-way coupled Lagrangian particle tracking. Four particle-to-fluid density ratios are considered with the corresponding shear Stokes number St+ = 0.31, 25, 125, and 260. Particle motion is governed by drag, lift, added-mass, and pressure gradient forces. The main purpose of this work is to examine the effect of the turbulence-driven secondary flows on particle preferential accumulation and their dependence on the Stokes number. Results obtained indicate that the cross-stream secondary motions encourage inertial particles to accumulate preferentially in the duct corners, where the maximum of the cross-sectional particle concentration occurs. The extent of accumulation here is strongly dependent on the Stokes number, with the greatest accumulation found at St+ = 25. Interestingly, the maximum of the intensity of the secondary particle velocity along the corner bisector is also achieved at St+ = 25, whereas in the region adjacent to the wall, it is found to decrease with a particle Stokes number. Additionally, it is observed that the higher inertia particles are more easily trapped in the stagnation zone of secondary flows with low turbulence intensity in the corner region. In the near-wall region, the heavier particles (St+ ≥ 25) are prone to reside and form elongated clusters along the low-speed streamwise velocity streaks, with this trend less pronounced with the increasing Stokes number. Along the wall, away from the corner where the secondary motion is attenuated, particle accumulation is dominated by the near-wall coherent vortices. This phenomenon is further discussed using a region-based correlation analysis between the particle spatial distribution and local flow topology. An in-depth particle dynamic analysis determines that the average cross-sectional drag force resulting from the secondary flow is mainly responsible for the particle motion throughout the duct cross section, which tends to push particles away from the walls in the near-wall region but shows the exact opposite trend in the bulk flow region. Moreover, the pressure gradient force also plays an important role for low-inertia particles. As the Stokes number is increased, the lift force becomes progressively dominant in the viscous sublayer, acting to pull particles toward the corners and walls of the duct.
Mironov Lagrangian cycles in algebraic varieties
Authors: Tyurin N. A.
Published: December 2020

We generalize a construction due to Mironov. Some time ago he presented new examples of minimal and Hamiltonian minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in

and

. His construction is based on the considerations of a noncomplete toric action of

, where

, on subspaces that are invariant with respect to the action of a natural antiholomorphic involution. This situation takes place for a rather broad class of algebraic varieties: complex quadrics, Grassmannians, flag varieties and so on, which makes it possible to construct many new examples of Lagrangian submanifolds in these algebraic varieties.

Bibliography: 4 titles.
Cratylus 439D3–440C1
Authors: Noriega-Olmos Simon
Published: December 2020

Some interpreters take the arguments at Cratylus 439D3–440C1 to argue for Forms. Some interpreters also
believe that these arguments are elliptical or contain lacunae. I accept that the arguments are elliptical. However, I deny
that they contain lacunae. I present the most natural construal of the text and argue that it neither trades on Forms nor
postulates Forms. To make my case, I show that Cratylus 439D3–440C1 has a modest end, which is to refute a particular
notion of flux.
Sind Praxis und Poiesis fundamental verschieden?
Authors: Gerlach Stefan
Published: December 2020

Zur aristotelischen Unterscheidung von Herstellen und Handeln (Poiesis und Praxis) gibt es zwei konkurrierende Interpretationen: nach der einen betrifft der Unterschied zwei verschiedene Aspekte an Handlungen, nach der anderen verschiedene Typen von Handlungen. Für eine Entscheidung dieser Frage sind systematische und exegetische Gesichtspunkte zu trennen: zwar bietet die aristotelische Textbasis Belege für beide Seiten, allerdings zeigt die systematische Untersuchung, dass eine zwei-Typen-Lesart sachlich verfehlt ist. Handlungen lassen sich nicht sinnvoll unterteilen in solche, die ihr Ziel lediglich außer sich, aber kein Ziel in sich haben und umgekehrt. Stattdessen sind sie notwendig von einer doppelten Zielsetzung geleitet, bei welcher der Vollzug der Handlung in deren Vollendung münden soll.