bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Frailty in People With Intellectual Disabilities in the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Festen Dederieke A. M. , Schoufour Josje D. , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. , Oppewal Alyt
Published: January 2021

Background

Across the world, frailty is part of the guidelines that are being developed in the COVID‐19 pandemic for triaging in crisis situations. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) evaluates the ability to perform daily tasks to identify frail individuals, potentially excluding those from intensive care (IC) treatment. Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience varying degrees of dependence, distinct from age‐related physical deterioration. Using the CFS for triage in crisis situations could potentially unjustifiably exclude individuals with ID from IC treatment. Our objective was to compare the classification of individuals with ID into different frailty categories based on the CFS and the well‐studied ID‐frailty index and to determine suitability of CFS for evaluation of frailty in individuals with ID during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This retrospective analysis of the observational healthy aging and intellectual disabilities (HA‐ID) study included 982 individuals with ID of ≥50 years, who were classified according to the CFS and the ID‐frailty index.

Results

Of the cohort of 982 older adults with ID, 626 (63.7%) would be classified as moderately frail (CFS score 6), but 92% of this group is not moderately frail according to the ID‐frailty index. Furthermore, 199 (20.3%) would be classified as at least severely frail (CFS score 7–9), but 74.9% of this group is not severely frail according to the ID‐frailty index. Overall, 730 out of 982 (74.9%) individuals would be incorrectly classified by the CFS as too frail to have a good probability of survival. The ID‐frailty index predicts mortality better than the CFS in individuals with ID.

Conclusions

Our results show the CFS is not suitable to evaluate frailty in individuals with ID, with potential dramatic consequences for triage and decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We strongly recommend using the ID‐frailty index when assessing probability of survival for individuals with ID.
Influence of the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscle on the postmortem hardness of meat in various fishes
Authors: Wang Yao , Liang Jia , Miyazaki Riho , Sun Hanying , Zhao Xianxian , Hirasaka Katsuya , Hamada Yuki , Tachibana Katsuyasu , Liu Baolin , Taniyama Shigeto
Published: January 2021

We previously showed that the tenderization of ordinary muscle during ice storage is affected by the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the ordinary muscle. However, little is known about whether or not the interposition of pink muscle fibers affects the hardness of raw fish meat. To clarify the influence of the interposition of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscle on hardness of meat, the breaking strengths and the fiber types of the dorsal ordinary muscle of eight fish species (a total of 37 specimens) were discriminated. The breaking strengths among fish species were within a range of 6.5–19.1 N/cm2. Pink muscle fibers were found in the dorsal ordinary muscle of six out of the eight fish species ranging from 0.0 to 56.0% in quantity ratio, and 0.0 to 19.3% in area ratio, respectively. The quantity ratio and area ratio of pink muscle fibers in the dorsal ordinary muscles of all eight fish species samples positively correlated with the breaking strength. Relative to the quantity ratio (p < .05), the area ratio (p < .02) of pink muscle fibers was more representative of postmortem texture hardness. In conclusion, the high interposition ratio of pink muscle fibers in ordinary muscle could potentially improve the postmortem hardness, the texture, and even the flesh quality of raw fish meat.
Evaluation of non‐starch polysaccharide addition in Turkish noodles: ELECTRE techniques approach
Authors: Göksel Saraç Meryem
Published: January 2021

In the present study, the effects of non‐starch polysaccharide addition into noodle samples were determined in uncooked and cooked noodle samples from cooking, physicochemical, textural, and sensorial aspects. Turkish‐type noodles were obtained using apple (AFN), carrot (CFN), inulin (IFN), and pea (PFN) fibers among the non‐starch polysaccharides. Moreover, the sensory analyses were performed using elimination et choixtraduisant la realite—elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE), one of the multi‐criteria decision‐making approach methods. The cooking loss values were found to be low in the final products containing a high amount of dietary fibers. The hardest product among the cooked noodles was the noodle produced using pea fiber that was also the one with the lowest water absorption value. Because of the different characteristics of dietary fibers, the noodles also have different properties. Based on the criteria selected as a result of the ELECTRE analysis performed for sensorial analysis, the most preferred product following the control sample was found to be the IFN sample. The others were ranked as the ones obtained using pea, carrot, and apple fiber.
Hepatitis C virus cure before hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis is associated with improved survival
Authors: Lockart Ian , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Alavi Maryam , Davison Scott , Prakoso Emilia , Levy Miriam T. , George Jacob , Dore Gregory J. , Danta Mark
Published: January 2021

The impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure on survival in patients with HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been examined, although many studies have been subject to survivor treatment selection bias. We assessed the impact of HCV cure before HCC diagnosis on overall survival. Patients with HCV‐related HCC at three referral hospitals in Australia were included retrospectively (January 2008 to December 2019). The risk of death following HCC diagnosis among patients who achieved HCV cure before HCC diagnosis was compared to patients who were viraemic at diagnosis. Among 422 patients with HCV‐related HCC, 101 (24%) achieved HCV cure before HCC diagnosis, 37 with interferon (IFN) and 64 with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Patients with HCV cure were more likely to have no cirrhosis or Child‐Pugh A liver disease (83% vs. 66%, p = .002), surveillance detection (71% vs. 48%, p < .001), HCC stage O or A (64% vs. 45%, p < .001) and receive curative initial HCC management (51% vs. 28%, p < .001), compared with patients who were viraemic at diagnosis. The 5‐year overall survival was 51% in the HCV cure group and 22% in the viraemic group. In adjusted analysis, risk of death was lower in patients with HCV cure before HCC diagnosis compared with patients who were viraemic at diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.91; p = .013). Patients with HCV‐related HCC who have achieved HCV cure before HCC diagnosis have improved overall survival compared with patients who were viraemic at diagnosis.
Listening to Songs and Singing Benefitted Initial Stages of Second Language Pronunciation but Not Recall of Word Meaning
Authors: Baills Florence , Zhang Yuan , Cheng Yuhui , Bu Yuran , Prieto Pilar
Published: January 2021

The present study explored whether listening to songs and singing can improve second language pronunciation and vocabulary learning at beginning stages of language acquisition. One hundred and eight Chinese students underwent a 4‐min training session to learn 14 words from a meaningful French song about the parts of the body in either one of two conditions: in Experiment 1, listening to rhythmic speech vs listening to the same words but in a song (50 participants), and in Experiment 2, listening to vs singing a song (58 participants). Accentedness ratings of pretest and posttest recordings revealed that (a) the song listening group reduced accentedness significantly more than the rhythmic speech listening group (Experiment 1); and (b) singing and listening to a song yielded similar significant improvements after training (Experiment 2). No advantage of song listening compared to rhythmic speech listening nor of singing compared to song listening was found for word recall. Individual measures of working memory and imitation ability significantly influenced our results.
Deconstructing stigma as a barrier to treating DGBI: Lessons for clinicians
Authors: Feingold Jordyn H. , Drossman Douglas A.
Published: January 2021

Stigma, defined as social devaluation based on negative stereotypes toward a particular population, is prevalent within health care and is a common phenomenon in disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI). Characteristically, DGBI including functional dyspepsia (FD) lack a structural etiology to explain symptoms, have high psychiatric co‐morbidity, and respond to neuromodulators traditionally used to treat psychopathology. As a result, these disorders are frequently and wrongly presumed to be psychiatric and carry a great deal of stigma. Stigma has profound adverse consequences for patients, including emotional distress, medication non‐adherence, barriers to accessing care, and increased symptoms. The basis for stigma dates back to the 17th Century concept of mind‐body dualism. Patients and health care providers need to understand the factors that promote stigma and methods to ameliorate it. In this minireview, we address the data presented in Yan et al.'s (Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2020, e13956). We offer concrete solutions for clinicians to mitigate the impact of stigma to optimize treatment adherence and clinical outcomes for patients with DGBI.
Insect species richness affects plant responses to multi‐herbivore attack
Authors: Fernández de Bobadilla Maite , Bourne Mitchel E. , Bloem Janneke , Kalisvaart Sarah N. , Gort Gerrit , Dicke Marcel , Poelman Erik H.
Published: January 2021

Plants are often attacked by multiple insect herbivores. How plants deal with an increasing richness of attackers from a single or multiple feeding guilds is poorly understood.

We subjected black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants to 51 treatments representing attack by an increasing species richness (one, two or four species) of either phloem feeders, leaf chewers, or a mix of both feeding guilds when keeping total density of attackers constant and studied how this affects plant resistance to subsequent attack by caterpillars of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella).

Increased richness in phloem‐feeding attackers compromised resistance to P. xylostella. By contrast, leaf chewers induced a stronger resistance to subsequent attack by caterpillars of P. xylostella while species richness did not play a significant role for chewing herbivore induced responses. Attack by a mix of herbivores from different feeding guilds resulted in plant resistance similar to resistance levels of plants that were not previously exposed to herbivory.

We conclude that B. nigra plants channel their defence responses stronger towards a feeding‐guild specific response when under multi‐species attack by herbivores of the same feeding guild, but integrate responses when simultaneously confronted with a mix of herbivores from different feeding guilds.
Genetic architecture and adaptation of flowering time among environments
Authors: Yan Wenjie , Wang Baosheng , Chan Emily , Mitchell‐Olds Thomas
Published: January 2021

The genetic basis of flowering time changes across environments, and pleiotropy may limit adaptive evolution of populations in response to local conditions. However, little information is known about how genetic architecture changes among environments.

We used genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in Boechera stricta (Graham) Al‐Shehbaz, a relative of Arabidopsis, to examine flowering variation among environments and associations with climate conditions in home environments. Also, we used molecular population genetics to search for evidence of historical natural selection.

GWAS found 47 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence flowering time in one or more environments, control plastic changes in phenology between experiments, or show associations with climate in sites of origin. Genetic architecture of flowering varied substantially among environments. We found that some pairs of QTLs showed similar patterns of pleiotropy across environments. A large‐effect QTL showed molecular signatures of adaptive evolution and is associated with climate in home environments. The derived allele at this locus causes later flowering and predominates in sites with greater water availability.

This work shows that GWAS of climate associations and ecologically important traits across diverse environments can be combined with molecular signatures of natural selection to elucidate ecological genetics of adaptive evolution.
Role of silicon in the development of complex crystal shapes in coccolithophores
Authors: Langer Gerald , Taylor Alison R. , Walker Charlotte E. , Meyer Erin M. , Ben Joseph Oz , Gal Assaf , Harper Glenn M. , Probert Ian , Brownlee Colin , Wheeler Glen L.
Published: January 2021

The development of calcification by the coccolithophores had a profound impact on ocean carbon cycling, but the evolutionary steps leading to the formation of these complex biomineralized structures are not clear. Heterococcoliths consisting of intricately shaped calcite crystals are formed intracellularly by the diploid life cycle phase. Holococcoliths consisting of simple rhombic crystals can be produced by the haploid life cycle stage but are thought to be formed extracellularly, representing an independent evolutionary origin of calcification.

We use advanced microscopy techniques to determine the nature of coccolith formation and complex crystal formation in coccolithophore life cycle stages.

We find that holococcoliths are formed in intracellular compartments in a similar manner to heterococcoliths. However, we show that silicon is not required for holococcolith formation and that the requirement for silicon in certain coccolithophore species relates specifically to the process of crystal morphogenesis in heterococcoliths.

We therefore propose an evolutionary scheme in which the lower complexity holococcoliths represent an ancestral form of calcification in coccolithophores. The subsequent recruitment of a silicon‐dependent mechanism for crystal morphogenesis in the diploid life cycle stage led to the emergence of the intricately shaped heterococcoliths, enabling the formation of the elaborate coccospheres that underpin the ecological success of coccolithophores.
Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gandham Anoohya , Mesinovic Jakub , Jansons Paul , Zengin Ayse , Bonham Maxine P. , Ebeling Peter R. , Scott David
Published: January 2021

Sarcopenia and obesity are common conditions in older adults that may have differing effects on falls and fracture risk. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity have increased risk of falls and fractures or lower bone mass compared with older adults with sarcopenia, obesity, or neither condition. Twenty‐six studies (n = 37,124) were included in the systematic review and 17 (n = 31,540) were included in the meta‐analysis. Older adults with sarcopenic obesity had lower femoral neck areal bone mineral density (aBMD) compared with those with obesity alone but had higher femoral neck aBMD compared with counterparts with sarcopenia alone (both P < 0.05). Older adults with sarcopenic obesity had higher nonvertebral fracture rates (incidence rate ratio: 1.88; 95% confidence intervals: 1.09, 3.23; based on two studies), compared with those with sarcopenia alone, and also had higher falls risk compared with controls (risk ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence intervals: 1.10, 1.54) and obesity alone (risk ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01, 1.36). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta‐analysis has demonstrated that older adults with sarcopenic obesity are at increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes compared with individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, or neither condition. These data support the need for developing interventions to improve bone health and physical function in this population.
The impact of financial development on energy consumption in Nigeria
Authors: Ozdeser Huseyin , Somoye Oluwatoyin Abidemi , Seraj Mehdi
Published: January 2021

This research evaluates the impact of financial development on energy consumption in Nigeria within the study period 1960–2019. Energy consumption in this study consists of fossil fuel energy consumption (FFEC) and renewable energy consumption (REEC). The ARDL bounds testing approach is used to determine whether a long‐run relationship exists among the variables. The findings showed evidence of a short‐run relationship. However, there was no long‐run relationship. In terms of FFEC, the study outcomes showed that financial development has a significant and negative impact on FFEC when domestic credit provided by the financial sector (DCPF) variable is used. However, the impact is not significant when the market capitalisation of listed domestic companies (MCAP) variable is used. Based on the Wald test, financial development variables at different lags jointly influence FFEC. For REEC, the results show that financial development significantly and positively impacts REEC at the 10% level of significance when the DCPF variable is used. However, it is insignificant when the MCAP variable is used. Using the Wald test, financial development variables at different lags jointly influence REEC. On the other hand, GDP is found to have a negative relationship with FFEC, but a positive relationship with REEC.
Green giant—a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high‐value proteins: history and phylogeny
Authors: Daniell Henry , Jin Shuangxia , Zhu Xin‐Guang , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: January 2021

Free‐living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID‐19 patients and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine.
Toxic erythema of chemotherapy affecting the ears of an infant: A case report
Authors: Tamazian Shant , Oboite Michelle , Larijani Mary , Oliver Brittany , Milbar Heather , Jen Melinda , Treat James R.
Published: January 2021

A 15‐month‐old boy presented with new onset symmetric erythema of the conchal bowls bilaterally in the setting of treatment with cytarabine. Findings were consistent with a diagnosis of toxic erythema of chemotherapy, an adverse effect of chemotherapy. In this report, we detail this uncommon manifestation in a young child along with a brief literature review of the background, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies of toxic erythema of chemotherapy to increase awareness of this presentation in pediatric populations.
Promoting safe sexual practices and sexual health maintenance in pediatric and young adult solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Ardura Monica I. , Coscia Lisa A. , Meyers Melissa R.
Published: January 2021

The majority of Americans make their sexual debut during their adolescent years. Preventing pregnancy and STI during this period is vital to ensuring health and safety. As survival has improved after pediatric SOT, chronically immunosuppressed adolescents seek guidance in their medical home on matters of sexual health. Transplant practitioners often do not feel equipped to fully address these needs. This review serves as an introductory sexual preventive care resource for adolescent and young adult (AYA) SOT recipients. First, we review data on safety, efficacy, and use of contraceptive options currently available for transplant recipients with child‐bearing potential. Then, we suggest a personalized sexual health discussion focusing on the diagnosis and prevention of STIs in adolescent and young adult transplant recipients. Finally, we present recommendations for STI screening of asymptomatic patients, use of index of suspicion and diagnostic testing in symptomatic patients, and opportunities to optimize STI prevention strategies. Data compiled from studies of adult SOT recipients, general population studies, and published guidelines are often extrapolated for use, as limited data exist in AYA SOT recipients. This informational dearth underscores the need for future research to better characterize the unique needs of AYA SOT recipients.
Thermoregulation dynamics in commercially reared colonies of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Wynants Enya , Lenaerts Nancy , Wäckers Felix , Van Oystaeyen Annette
Published: January 2021

Thermoregulation, that is, the active control of temperature, is key to ensure proper brood development in both wild and captive bumblebee nests. In this study, thermoregulation dynamics were assessed relative to colony age and ambient temperature using commercially reared Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) colonies. We observed a positive relationship between brood and nest temperatures in response to ambient temperature. Thermoregulation investment (by either brooding or fanning) was lowest at brood surface temperatures between 33 and 34 °C and ambient temperatures between 28 and 32 °C. Brood temperature was less stable and thermoregulation investment higher in younger colonies, especially at lower ambient temperatures. Furthermore, queens initiated colonies sooner and colonies developed faster when kept at an ambient temperature of 29 °C as compared to 24 °C. Our results suggest that ambient temperatures are ideally kept between 29 and 31 °C.
Genome‐wide association mapping identifies HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 accounting for efficient boron transport in barley
Authors: Jia Zhongtao , Bienert Manuela Désirée , von Wirén Nicolaus , Bienert Gerd Patrick
Published: January 2021

Boron (B) is an essential mineral element for plant growth, and the seed B pool of crops can be crucial when seedlings need to establish on low‐B soils. To date, it is poorly understood how B accumulation in grain crops is genetically controlled. Here, we assessed the genotypic variation of the B concentration in grains of a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) association panel that represents broad genetic diversity. We found a large genetic variation of the grain B concentration and detected in total 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using genome‐wide association mapping. HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6, encoding a potential B‐transporting membrane protein, mapped closely to a major‐effect QTL accounting for the largest proportion of grain B variation. Based on transport studies using heterologous expression systems and gene expression analysis, we demonstrate that HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 represents a functional B channel and that expression variation in its transcript level associates with root and shoot B concentrations as well as with root dry mass formation under B‐deficient conditions.
Effect of types of breeding on embryo survival following first AI in lactating Holstein cows
Authors: Bakhtoo Abdolreza , Samadi Firooz , Dirandeh Essa , Colazo Marcos
Published: January 2021

Contents

The main objective was to investigate the effects of timed‐AI protocols versus AI following oestrus detection on circulating progesterone (P4) and embryo survival after first service in Holstein cows. Cycling status was determined by ultrasonography and by plasma P4 concentrations 14 and 26 days after calving, and only cows with a corpus luteum and/or P4 ≥ 1 ng/ml were used. Cows were randomly allocated to one of three types of breeding: DO (n = 80), received GnRH‐7d‐PGF2α‐3d‐GnRH and Ovsynch56 was initiated 7 days later; G7G (n = 70), received PGF2α‐2d‐GnRH and Ovsynch56 (GnRH‐7d‐PGF2α‐56h‐GnRH‐16h‐AI) was initiated 7 days later; or AI based on oestrus detection, EDAI (n = 60). Progesterone was also determined at AI and 8, 16, 18 and 20 days after AI; ISG15 and MX2 mRNA abundance were determined 16 days after AI. Mean plasma P4 at AI was greater in the EDAI group compared with DO and G7G groups, while after AI, P4 was greater in DO and G7G groups compared with EDAI group. However, the percentage of cows with a concentration of P4 < 0.8 ng/ml at AI did not differ among groups. Relative mRNA abundance of ISG15 and MX2 was greater in the DO and G7G groups compared to those in EDAI group. Pregnancy per AI 16, 32 and 60 days after AI was greater (p < .05) in cows in the DO group compared with those in EDAI group (47.5%, 38.8% and 36.3% vs. 30.0%, 21.7% and 15.0%). Pregnancy losses between 16 and 60 days after AI were greater (p < .05) in cows in the EDAI (50.0%) group compared to those subjected to DO (23.7%) or G7G (24.1%). In conclusion, the use of timed‐AI synchronization protocols resulted in greater circulating P4 concentrations post‐AI and greater embryo survival following first service in lactating Holstein cows.
A Description of Predatory Publishing in South African Economics Departments
Authors: Kerr Andrew , de Jager Phillip
Published: January 2021

Predatory publishers charge fees to authors for open access publishing but have limited peer review or other quality controls. In this paper, we use data from five of the most widely used predatory journals used by South African academics in Economic and Management sciences to show that predatory publications are widespread in Economics departments in South African universities. We also critique the Department of Higher Education and Training’s research publication subsidy system and highlight that several journals on the DHET accredited journal list, that South African academic economists publish in, are probable predatory journals. In improving the data on predatory publications in South African Economic and Management Sciences used by de Jager et al (2017), we show that approximately 50% of predatory publications by South African academic economists are authored by professors or associate professors, a finding which corroborates international evidence on predatory publications in Economics. Our paper is also a source of information on the quality of research produced by South African economics departments.
Characterization of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa‐specific alloantibodies induced by cross‐strain platelet immunization in mice
Authors: Bougie Daniel W. , Sutton Jessica , Aster Richard H.
Published: January 2021

Background

We previously described a mouse model in which platelet immunization between selected strains leads to production of alloantibodies and severe autoimmune thrombocytopenia and mimics the human condition posttransfusion purpura (PTP). This report describes studies defining epitopes recognized by these alloantibodies.

Study Design

Hybridomas were produced from spleen cells of immunized mice. Glycoprotein (GP) targets of resulting monoclonal antibodies were characterized by immunoprecipitation using platelets from the immunizing strains. Antigens defined by single amino acid (AA) polymorphisms recognized by monoclonal antibodies were identified by mutagenizing target glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and observing the effects on antibody binding.

Results

Three monoclonal antibodies (417.1, 417.3, 425.1) were produced that recognized GPIIb on immunizing platelets. Monoclonal antibodies 417.1 and 417.3 both required G111 and 425.1 required V37, located on the beta propeller domain of GPIIb, for binding to platelets from the immunizing strains C57 and PWK, respectively. Injection of 417.3 and 425.1 into mice caused platelet destruction only in mice with GPIIb containing the targeted AAs.

Conclusions

Findings made provide evidence that alloantibodies produced by mice experiencing thrombocytopenia in a mouse model of PTP are specific for single AA polymorphisms that differ in GPIIb/IIIa integrin of the immunizing and immunized strains and therefore closely resemble the potent alloantibodies found in patients with PTP. The observations show that naturally occurring single AA differences in GPIIb/IIIa integrin of various mouse strains are highly immunogenic in the mouse strains studied and readily induce antibodies comparable to human platelet antigen–specific antibodies found in transfused and pregnant humans.
Using Analog Models based in Physical Systems for Technology Management Processes
Authors: Roberto Vega-González Luis
Published: January 2021

The empirical management work done in research, development and innovation projects (R & D + I) conducted at the liaison and technology transfer office of a public Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, from Spanish), allowed us to identify discrete management processes. The objective of this work was to present some of these processes, through the elaboration of pragmatic analog models based in physical systems. Models presented can help students, novices and other professionals to understand the way in which these processes are carried out. This eventually will make their learning more efficient and improve the way in which they address the management problems. We conclude that by complementing the professional and individual empirical views with technical, organizational and societal perspectives, it is possible to obtain useful knowledge from building and developing analog models which represent reality. Finally, complementing the models with a good management theoretical dose will provide good technology management practitioners for all kind of institutions.
Human Ability to Learn According to the Feldenkrais Method: From Writings to Practice
Authors: Iris Gil
Published: January 2021

The Feldenkrais method seeks to improve individual ability, and human functioning in general, through movement. According to Moshé Feldenkrais, refining movement by enhancing the nervous system’s functioning also improves our ability to learn. The method has already been shown to improve mood, quality of life, and various physical aspects. The present study seeks to examined students’ theoretical learning capabilities during a Feldenkrais lesson, during a period of a few hours after the lesson, and the correlation between these two time periods.The main research question was: Does doing Feldenkrais exercises improve the ability to learn in 120 students at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. The findings show that the students assimilated the theoretical content conveyed during the lessons. The study also found that most of the students experienced improved ability for theoretical learning after the lessons. A strong, positive correlation was found between the students’ high ability for theoretical learning during the lesson, and improvement in the learning ability of the same students, experienced after the lesson. The study’s conclusion is that a variety of internal, physiological and mental/emotional processes occur when doing Feldenkrais exercises, which alleviate pain, create new neural pathways between the brain and the body, and also “unblock” stressful neural pathways, and which significantly improved the participants’ concentration, attention, and theoretical learning abilities, both during and after the lessons.
Santi Romano and the Juristic Point of View
Authors: Croce Mariano , Goldoni Marco
Published: January 2021

Chapter title: Santi Romano and the Juristic Point of ViewChapter abstract: This chapter illustrates Romano’s groundbreaking theory by presenting his conceptions of institutionalism and pluralism as coherently glued together. All that is organized is an institution; all institutions are legal entities. No privileged legal entity exists that can claim other entities are not legal. Based on this radical view, Romano’s overall contribution comes down to the conclusion that the only way to make social and political pluralism work is to provide a purely jurisprudential account of it—one that remains within the boundaries of the juristic practice and downplays politics as an ancillary, contextual activity of governing. The chapter then makes the case that Romano intended to put forward a conception of legal theory as a technique of description that is capable of engendering particular social outcomes—as well as effects of domestication and compatibility in so far as social pluralism is concerned.
La memoria convocada en los conciertos de ciudades de Llorenç Barber
Authors: Gil Noé José Vicente
Published: January 2021

El nombre del español Llorenç Barber va ligado al sonido de las campanas, instrumentos protagonistas de su propuesta más original: los conciertos de ciudades. En las últimas tres décadas, el músico ha hecho vibrar más de doscientas capitales de todo el mundo con obras a la intemperie en las que el calculado sonido de los campanarios reverbera en calles y plazas ocupadas por un público deambulante. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre la importancia que el compositor concede al mecanismo de la memoria y cómo opera en diferentes planos de su propuesta: en el propio autor, en los instrumentos y en las personas que escuchan. Metodológicamente, se parte de la interpretación de textos y escritos de Barber (autor prolífico que ha dejado abundantes reflexiones sobre su música) y de la realidad de sus conciertos. Entre los resultados, se apunta cierta potencia creativa de la memoria a través de los recuerdos de la infancia del autor y su convicción acerca del poder de la música para recuperar el pasado a través de las campanas, un instrumento depositario de una evidente carga cultural y un simbolismo que convierten a su sonido en un efectivo agente invocador de la memoria colectiva. Las conclusiones señalan que sonar en el espacio cotidiano y con la resonancia secular de las campanas son elementos eficaces para la invocación de la memoria. Esta, que reside latente en las campanas, aflora en el público como resultado de una escucha emocional y táctil que convierte toda su piel en un gran receptor acústico.
Relatos artísticos: una vía intersubjetiva para la construcción narrativa y corporal de identidades emancipadoras en la educación secundaria obligatoria de Cataluña
Authors: Martínez Cárceles Ibán
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo parte de la idea de que el sistema competencial expuesto en el sistema educativo español se sustenta en una nueva episteme para reproducir unas identidades en coherencia con aquellos que ejercen el poder. A partir de este marco tendremos como objetivo proponer un diseño pedagógico que permita desarrollar identidades emancipadoras desde la narración y la corporalidad mediante las artes escénicas durante la educación secundaria obligatoria. En cuanto a la metodología, nuestra propuesta partirá de las potencialidades del recuerdo, el cual liberaremos de un horizonte veritativo para focalizarlo en cómo la identidad guía el ejercicio del recuerdo, siendo conscientes de que el poder deriva la fragilidad de la memoria hacia la fragilidad de la identidad. Así, nos centraremos en cómo construir mediante la evaluación espacios de intersubjetividad que puedan ser balizas de resistencia a los implusos homogeneizadores de la memoria colectiva. Con tal de hacer efectivos los espacios intersubjetivos utilizaremos la investigación-acción artística como proceso creativo y reflexivo, además expondremos dos ejes temáticos que nos permitan cuestionar nuestra identidad. Por un lado, tendremos el telón de fondo de la IIª República, la guerra civil y el franquismo. Por otro lado, introduciremos un relato ficticio que nos guie por los procesos de normativización de los cuerpos, donde aparecerá como elemento contante la obra The Plague de Robert Gerhard. Nuestra aportación plantea un nuevo horizonte educativo al guiarnos por las artes escénicas en la construcción de posibles tramas intersubjetivas donde desarrollar identidades corporales y narrativas no esperadas.
Sangre y ruido: archivos de violencia en la memoria corporal
Authors: Sánchez de Alba Hanner Iván
Published: January 2021

El laboratorio iniciado dentro de la Maestría interdisciplinar en teatro y artes vivas de la Universidad nacional de Colombia, titulado Sangre y ruido, presenta al cuerpo, en su performatividad cotidiana, como archivo de violencias que se van desplegando con cada movimiento, con cada gesto, con cada signo que asume el simple estar-ahí de la carne animada mientras cuenta sin palabras todas sus memorias.

Mientras gesticula cada una de las memorias violentas que archivó durante su interacción con los estímulos sensoriales de los ambientes en los cuales se desarrolló, el cuerpo baraja para sí dos opciones: o encuentra en su propia expresividad líneas de fuga para escapar de tales cartografías sensibles y reinventar un lugar de enunciación propio, o, por el contrario, deja explotar su potencia en la dirección coactiva que tales violencias asumen dentro del imaginario colectivo, el cual las legitima a fuerza de repetición.

He ahí la pugna vital que permite ensamblar dicha experiencia estética expresada por el gesto Sangre y ruido con conceptos filosóficos contemporáneos que precisamente describen al cuerpo como instancia de resistencia política, relación que constituye el vector argumentativo de los presentes resultados de investigación y que acompasa en una misma tonalidad el nivel sensible propio del artista y el nivel teórico propio de la crítica, movilizando en el devenir discursivo mismo categorías tales como Perspectivismo (Nietzsche); biopolítica (Foucault), vida nuda (Antonio Negri) y erotismo (Bataille).
Impact of Rotational Speed on Turbocharger Compressor Surge Through Particle Image Velocimetry1
Authors: Banerjee Deb , Dehner Rick , Selamet Ahmet , Miazgowicz Keith
Published: January 2021

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry is used to characterize the variation of the turbocharger compressor inlet velocity field as a function of rotational speed, with an emphasis on surge. While the velocity magnitudes at choke or mild surge increased with rotational speed, the velocity profiles remained qualitatively similar. The variation in deep surge flow field with shaft speed, however, was more substantial. At 80 krpm, the overall flow field was comparable at different time instances (at different points on the surge cycle): the core flow near the duct center was always directed into the impeller, whereas reversed flow occupied an annular region near the periphery in nearly all time instances. However, at 140 krpm, while the negative flow rate (cross-sectional average flow is directed out of the inducer back into the inlet duct) portion of the surge cycle was still similar to the overall surge flow field at 80 krpm, over a substantial part of the positive flow rate (cross-sectional average flow is directed into the impeller) portion of the surge cycle, there was no sign of reversed flow within the visualization domain. As the rotational speed was increased, the surge loop (obtained by combining the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and pressure transducer data) extended over a wider portion of the compressor map with higher maximum (positive) and minimum (negative) flow rates, along with higher amplitude pressure fluctuations. The mean amplitude of mass flow rate and pressure ratio fluctuations at deep surge increased in nearly a quadratic fashion with rotational speed.
Bioconvection of a Radiating Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Thin Needle in the Presence of Heterogeneous–Homogeneous Chemical Reaction
Authors: Puneeth V. , Manjunatha S. , Makinde O. D. , Gireesha B. J.
Published: January 2021

The photocatalytic nature of TiO2 finds applications in medicinal field to kill cancer cells, bacteria, and viruses under mild ultraviolet illumination and the antibacterial characteristic of Ag makes the composition Ag−TiO2 applicable for various purposes. It can also be used in other engineering appliances and industries such as humidity sensor, coolants, and in footwear industry. Hence, this study deals with the analysis of the effects of magnetic field, thermal radiation, and quartic autocatalysis of heterogeneous–homogeneous reaction in an electrically conducting Ag−TiO2−H2O hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the gyrotactic microorganisms are used as active mixers to prevent agglomeration and sedimentation of TiO2 that occurs due to its hydrophobic nature. The mathematical model takes the form of partial differential equations with viscosity and thermal conductivity being the functions of volume fraction. These equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and are solved by RKF-45 method with the aid of shooting method. It is observed that the increase in the size of the needle enhances the overall performance of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid increases with the increase in volume fraction. It is observed that the friction produced by the Lorentz force increases the temperature of the nanofluid. It is further observed that the heterogeneous reaction parameter has more significant effect on the concentration of bulk fluid than the homogeneous reaction parameter.
Analysis of Nonlinear Modal Damping Due to Friction at Blade Roots in Mistuned Bladed Disks
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zang Chaoping , Zhou Biao , Petrov E. P.
Published: January 2021

A method is proposed to analyze the modal damping in mistuned bladed-disk with root joints using large finite element models and the detailed description of frictional interactions at contact interfaces. The influence of mistuning on the dissipated energy for different blades on a bladed-disk and the modal damping factors for different vibration levels for any family of modes can be investigated. The dissipated energy and damping factors due to microslip are simulated by multitude of surface-to-surface elements modeling the friction contact interactions at root joints. The analysis is performed in the time domain, and an original reduction method is developed to obtain the results with acceptable computational times. The model reduction method allows the calculation of the modal damping of the mistuned assembly by evaluation of the energy dissipated at root joint of each individual blade using small parts of bladed disk sectors. The dependency of modal damping factor on blade mode shapes, engine-order excitation numbers, nodal diameter numbers, and vibration amplitudes is studied and the distributions of amplitude and dissipated energy on the mistuned bladed-disk are investigated using a realistic blade disk model.
Experimental Investigations of Superheated and Supercritical Injections of Liquid Fuels
Authors: Yin Zhiyao , Kutne Peter , Eichhorn Jochen , Meier Wolfgang
Published: January 2021

Single- and multicomponent liquid fuels are injected in a jet-in-coflow configuration at elevated temperatures and pressures with both a custom plain orifice nozzle and a commercial pressure-swirl atomizer. The transitions in spray morphology from mechanical breakup to superheated/supercritical regimes are characterized qualitatively by laser shadowgraphy and evaluated based on quantitative measures of superheat. Although fuel preheating exhibits no discernible effect in the mechanical breakup regime, dramatic jet-to-plume transition as well as build-up of fuel vapor in the spray chamber is observed with increasing level of superheat. The difference between two different atomizers in terms of spray behavior diminishes at high levels of superheat, suggesting the predominant role of thermal effect on spray morphology in superheated/supercritical regimes. For a mutlicomponent fuel such as Jet A-1, the transition into a fully flashing spray occurs at temperatures lower than expected values, which are calculated by treating Jet A-1 as a single-component fuel. Additionally, pressure drop is shown as a sensitive indicator for the departure from mechanical breakup and the onset of thermal effect on the spray. Comparisons between measured and estimated pressure drop also reveal the differences in susceptibility to thermal effects between the plain orifice and the pressure-swirl atomizers.
Design and Fabrication of Stirling Engine for Solar Power Application
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Tariq Hussain Ahmed , Anwar Muhammad , Khan Talha Irfan , Israr Asif
Published: January 2021

This paper showcases the designing, fabrication, and performance evaluation of 90-deg alpha-type Stirling engine. The diameters of the hot and cold cylinder are 50 mm and 44 mm, respectively, with a stroke length of 70 mm. The computer-aided design (CAD) model is developed by keeping in mind the ease of manufacturing, maintenance, bearing replacements, and lubrication. After fabrication, the engine is tested by heating the hot cylinder with air as a working fluid. The engine delivered peak power of 155 watts at the temperature of 1123 K and 968 K for hot and cold cylinders, respectively. This developed prototype can be commissioned with the solar parabolic concentrator in the future based on the smooth operation while delivering power.
Severely ill patients with COVID-19 display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Kusnadi Anthony , Ramírez-Suástegui Ciro , Fajardo Vicente , Chee Serena J. , Meckiff Benjamin J. , Simon Hayley , Pelosi Emanuela , Seumois Grégory , Ay Ferhat , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Ottensmeier Christian H.
Published: January 2021

Fewer SARS-CoV-2–reactive memory CD8
+
T cells with “exhaustion” features are present in patients with severe versus mild COVID-19.
Allopatric Plant Pathogen Population Divergence following Disease Emergence
Authors: Castillo Andreina I. , Bojanini Isabel , Chen Hongyu , Kandel Prem P. , De La Fuente Leonardo , Almeida Rodrigo P. P.
Published: January 2021

Compared to natural environments, the reduced diversity of monoculture agricultural landscapes can lead bacterial plant pathogens to quickly adapt to local biological and ecological conditions. Because of this, accidental introductions of microbial pathogens into naive regions represents a significant economic and environmental threat.
Xylella fastidiosa
is a plant pathogen with an expanding host and geographic range due to multiple intra- and intercontinental introductions.
X. fastidiosa
subsp.
fastidiosa
infects and causes disease in grapevines (Pierce’s disease of grapevines, PD).
Time Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wastewater during the First Pandemic Wave of COVID-19 in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Chavarria-Miró Gemma , Anfruns-Estrada Eduard , Martínez-Velázquez Adán , Vázquez-Portero Mario , Guix Susana , Paraira Miquel , Galofré Belén , Sánchez Gloria , Pintó Rosa M. , Bosch Albert
Published: January 2021

Water-based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable early warning tool for tracking the circulation of the virus among the population, including not only symptomatic patients, but also asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and misdiagnosed carriers, which represent a high proportion of the infected population. In the specific case of Barcelona, wastewater surveillance anticipated by several weeks not only the original COVID-19 pandemic wave, but also the onset of the second wave.