bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Fracture of the Greater Trochanter in Elderly
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Bouzid Yassine Ben , Dinia Marouane ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Bassir Rida-Allah ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Boufettal Monsef ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Mekkaoui Jalal ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Kharmaz Mohamed ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Lamrani Moulay Omar ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Berrada Mohamed Saleh ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Isolated fracture of the greater trochanter are unusual and rare injury. The literature has focused on the extension of these fractures to the trochanteric region and their management [1,2]. MRI is recommended to evaluate the fracture and rule out intertrochanteric extension [3-5]. The management of these fractures remains debated due to lack of long-term reports [3,6]. However, abductor function may be affected, which may justify surgical treatment [7].
First Record of Geotrichum candidum Causing Root Rot to Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris. L) in Wyoming and Michigan, USA
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, USA, ME Haque , MS Parvin ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
Published: April 2024

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) root rotten is caused by a number of soil-borne pathogens included Rhizoctonia solani, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Clonostachys rosea, Globisporangium ultimum, Rhizopus stolonifera, and Fusarium equiseti [1-4]. In September 2019, watersoaked soft rot with brown irregular lesions with a fermented smell, and thick foamy white mycelial growth symptoms were observed on sugar beet roots collected from Wyoming and Michigan (Figure 1 and 2). The symptoms covered approximately 40% of the sugar beet root surface. Diseased beet root tissues were excised from the junction of diseased and healthy tissue. Small pieces (10mm2) were surface sterilized with 10% sodium hypochlorite for 1min, rinsed thrice with sterile distilled water, air-dried on laminar airflow cabinet for 5 minutes, and transferred to corn meal agar (CMA), and clarified V8 (CV8)- incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 7 days. White, thin, flatted, and feathery colonies appeared on both media (Figure 3 and 4). Conidia were arthrosporous, mostly like chains, segmented, hyaline, subglobose, and single-celled (Figure 5). The dimension of conidia varied from 5-12 x 2-5 μm [5]. Based on microscopic and macroscopic characters, the fungus was speculated to be Geotrichum species. Ten isolates were developed by the single spore isolation technique. To confirm the species of the fungus, Genomic DNA was extracted from two representatives of the isolates and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using the ITS1/ITS4 primers [6]. The amplified PCR products were cleaned and sent for Sanger sequencing by GenScript (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ). A Blastn search of the ITS sequences from the isolates showed 100% identity to those of Geotrichum candidum isolates KF713519.1 and MF782775.1.
Uncommon Histopathological Variants of a Common Lesion: Mucocele
Authors:   Siksha O Anusandhan University, Centre for Data Science, India, MS Mandale , Bhardwaj Akanksha ,   Siksha O Anusandhan University, Centre for Data Science, India, Bhavihankar Jyoti ,   Siksha O Anusandhan University, Centre for Data Science, India, Humbe Jayanti ,   Siksha O Anusandhan University, Centre for Data Science, India, Nandkhedkar Vaishali ,   Siksha O Anusandhan University, Centre for Data Science, India, Wagh Savita ,   Government Dental College Aurangabad, India
Published: April 2024

A mucocele is a salivary gland cyst, which contains mucous material. It usually arises from the minor salivary glands and is broadly of two types: mucus retention cysts and mucus extravasation phenomenon. A wide variety of histological features have been documented in the literature such as myxoglobulosis, mucoceles presenting papillary synovial metaplasia-like changes, superficial mucoceles, and clear cell changes. The present case shows histological features of myxoglobulosis and papillary synovial metaplasia like changes (PSM like changes). This paper reports a case of a 17 years old male patient with a chief complaint of a painless swelling on the lower lip since one and half year. Upon a provisional diagnosis of mucocele, surgical excision was carried out. Histopathological examination revealed a mucus extravasation cyst having lumen filled with unique mucinous globular structures, myxoglobulosis and papillary synovial metaplasia like changes.
Psychological Impact of the Hospital Stay: The Experience of Mothers of Newborns Hospitalized In Neonatology at Gabriel Toure Hospital
Authors:   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, F Traoré , B Maiga ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, K Sacko ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, ZD Marianne ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, M Marianne ,   Secondary Hospital Kalabancoro, S Coulibaly ,   Secondary Hospital Commune IV, D Konaté ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, LN Sidibé ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, K Traoré ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, H Diall ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, O Coulibaly ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, P Togo ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, ME Cissé ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, AK Doumbia ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, T Simaga ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, AA Diakité ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, F Dicko-Traoré ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, B Togo ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali, M Sylla ,   Pediatric Department, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako-Mali
Published: April 2024

Hospitalization of newborns leads to tricky psychological concerns. Creating a therapeutic alliance between parents and caregivers is necessary for a optimal care. Objectives: To assess the psychological impact on mothers of newborns hospitalized in the neonatology department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study conducted over a six-month period (from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020). The questionnaire was completed by interviewing mothers of newborns hospitalized in neonatology. Data were collected and analyzed on SPSS. Results: The age range of 15-25 years was most represented in our survey with 62%. Ninety-six (96%) of the mothers used to be married and 58% attended school. The welcoming at admittance was acceptable in 62% of cases. All the mothers had consented to the hospitalisation of their newborns. Unfortunately, sadness, fear and anxiety were the most common complaints of the mothers (36%, 28% and 20% respectively). Organization of the department was rated as poor by 96% of mothers, and 58% of those mothers could not identify the function of the healthcare staff during their hospital stay. Access to caregivers was considered unsatisfactory in 54% of respondents. The diagnosis was explained in 72% of cases and 76% of mothers were involved in caring for their child. Sleep disturbances were noted in 32% of the interviewees. The majority of them had a negative opinion of the hospital stay (74%). Conclusion: Parental support during hospitalization and throughout medical care is crucial to the well-being of the newly born child. The enhancement of communication with the parents of newborns is required for an effective as well as efficient care.
Diagnostic Value of PTX-3 Combined with PCT and CRP for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Sengong Hospital, PR China, Jin Yan , Lu Meng Nan ,   Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, PR China, Xiao Yanfeng ,   Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, PR China, Yin Chunyan ,   Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, PR China
Published: April 2024

Aim: Neonatal sepsis is a critical illness among neonates and is the leading cause of neonatal death. In this study, we compared the changes in serum PTX-3 levels in neonates with sepsis and non-septicemia, as well as the diagnostic advantages and value of serum PTX-3 compared to traditional indicators such as WBC, CRP, and PCT. Methods: A total of 109 neonates were included in this study. Neonates were divided into three groups: 35 neonates were assigned to the sepsis group; 36 to the local infection group; and 38 assigned to the control group. Blood was collected to measure complete blood counts, CRP, PCT, liver and kidney function, lactate, and PTX-3 levels. Results: CRP, PCT, and PTX-3 in the sepsis group were significantly higher compared to the local infection group and non-infection group (P<0.01 or P>0.05). PCT and PTX-3 levels in the local infection group were significantly higher compared to the non-infection group (P>0.05). The combination of WBC+CRP+PCT+PTX-3 was more sensitive for the diagnosis of neonatal infection. For the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, CRP was the most sensitive index, with PTX-3 having the best specificity. The combination of WBC+CRP+PTX-3 was found to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Conclusion: PTX-3 could be used as a new biomarker for neonatal sepsis, while the combination with WBC, CRP, and PCT could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity for sepsis diagnosis.
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome in an Adolescent Girl: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal, SC Lopes , SB Miranda ,   Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Braga, Braga,Portugal, SG de Sousa ,   Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave, Famalicão, Portugal, A Antunes ,   Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Braga, Braga,Portugal, O Marques ,   Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Resistance to Thyroid Hormones (RTH) is a rare, hereditary disease characterized by diminished sensitivity of target tissues to thyroid hormones. Most cases (~85%) are caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) gene (RTHβ). The clinical spectrum of RTHβ is quite broad and highly heterogeneous, and the hallmark of the condition is a paucity of signs and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction despite elevated levels of T4 and T3, with a concomitant non-suppressed TSH. Case Report: Here, we describe a rare case of RTHβ in a female adolescent who was initially misdiagnosed and treated for Graves’ disease, but whose unusual evolution motivated her transference to a tertiary center. The patient exhibited mild manifestations, presenting with a goiter without compressive symptoms and some degree of cognitive impairment with learning disability. Misdiagnosis of RTHβ as Graves’ disease can lead to unnecessary treatments such as anti-thyroid medication, thyroidectomy or radioiodine, but treatment is generally not necessary for most patients with RTHβ. Discussion and Conclusion: Establishing the diagnosis of RTHβ can be challenging. It must be considered in patients who present with a goiter and increased thyroid hormone levels with an unsuppressed TSH, to potentially avoid an incorrect diagnosis of primary hyperthyroidism and the implementation of unnecessary and harmful treatments. Most patients with RTHβ are asymptomatic, and in children, particular attention must be paid to growth, bone maturation, and mental development.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Studies to Assess Pubertal Deficiencies in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors:   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Kreutz Melissa , Galfayan Ani ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Stafford Diane ,   Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA, Khare Manaswitha ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Surampalli Abhilasha ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Patolia Brinda ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Gold June-Anne ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA, Cassidy Suzanne B ,   Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, USA, Kimonis Virginia ,   Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA
Published: April 2024

Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) are known to have variable pubertal development with most having delayed or incomplete puberty. This study aims to evaluate the activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis in individuals with PWS. Thirty-five patients (18 males, 17 females) ages ranging from 3 to 38 years with genetically verified PWS underwent GnRH stimulation testing using gonadorelin along with clinical evaluations. Of patients in the typical age range for initiation of puberty, six had LH peak >5IU/L, indicating activation, but the remaining six had variable peaks, indicating lack of, or indeterminate activation. In some females, physical examination noted breast development to Tanner stage II to III, despite apparent lack of HPG axis activation, while in some males testicular volumes were smaller than expected despite apparent activation of the HPG axis. We studied genotype differences (deletion vs UPD) with respect to HPG axis activation. Mean LH levels were nearly double for PWS females with UPD compared to PWS females with deletion. Both peak LH and peak FSH levels appear to be higher in males with deletion compared to UPD. Inconsistency between physical examination and stimulation testing results and the high variability in the age at activation of the HPG axis accentuates the need for the evaluation of pubertal staging in patients with PWS, and consideration of sex-steroid supplementation.
Endocrine Complications in an Adolescent with Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, USA, SE Look , K Timme ,   Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, USA
Published: April 2024

McCune Albright Syndrome is characterized by the triad of fibrous dysplasia, cutaneous manifestations, and endocrine dysfunction. While this disease is typically associated with precocious puberty, there are other endocrinopathies to consider. An adolescent with fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed with acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, phosphate wasting, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. His course was complicated by optic neuropathy and parasellar mass ultimately determined to be due to progression of skull base fibrous dysplasia. There was additional consideration of side effects from octreotide. This case exemplifies the potential for under-recognition of acromegaly in McCune Albright Syndrome, which can be associated with cranial nerve deficits. Fibrous dysplasia progression may be associated with additional endocrine dysfunction depending on the location, with potential for necrosis or structural damage of the pituitary gland. Physicians should have high suspicion for endocrinopathies with low threshold for evaluation to optimize outcomes in this population.
Relationship between Total Communication and Social Relationship among Learners with ASDs
Authors:   Department of Special Education, Mount Kenya University, Kenya, C Osore , E Khasakhala ,   Department of Special Education, Mount Kenya University, Kenya, M Sichari ,   Department of Special Education, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
Published: April 2024

Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that results in triad of impairments in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction and repetitive behavior. These core deficits hinder the holistic development of learners with ASDs. Unless they are effectively addressed through strategies such as total communication, these core deficits may lead to learners not acquiring social interaction skills that are quite vital for their normal development. The purpose of the study was to establish relationship between total communication and development of social relationship skills among learners with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in Emuhaya sub-county Kenya. The population of the study comprised of six special schools with a teacher population of sixteen ten regular primary schools with special units with a teacher population of five each and three officials from the Ministry of Education. Due to small number of respondents, saturated sampling technique was used. Instruments for data collection were; semi structured questionnaires, check lists. Semi structured interview schedules, and observation schedules. Content validity was determined by presenting tools to experts in the school of education who judged their validity. Tools were refined based on their comments. Reliability of the study was established through test retest methods. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding of the study indicated that that there was relationship between Total Communication and social interaction and the use of Total Communication had influence on development of social relationships among children with ASDs. Based on this finding it is recommended that training of teachers in Total communication and preparation of IEP be intensified in schools to facilitate the development of social relationship among learners with ASDs.
Seasonal patterns and interannual variations of atmospheric circulation over the Bering Sea in 1995–2022
Authors: Glebova S. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Mean patterns of atmospheric circulation over the Bering Sea in 4 seasons: winter (January-March), spring (April-June), summer (July-September) and autumn (OctoberDecember) are described using the author’s typification of synoptic situations. Frequency of all 6 types of synoptic situations is calculated and the predominant types are determined, by season. Mean values of the meridional and zonal indices of atmospheric circulation and the number and intensity of cyclones in the Bering Sea area are calculated for each season in the period 1995–2022. Cyclonic activity and direction and intensity of general wind transfer, particularly intensity of winter and summer monsoons, are considered separately for the western and eastern parts of the Bering Sea. Interannual variations of all these parameters are traced. For all seasons, the wind transfer over the entire area is determined by cyclonic activity in the western Bering Sea: the higher activity leads to weaker monsoon in winter (northeasterly) and summer (southwesterly) but strengthening in spring (southeasterly) and autumn (northwesterly). Since the middle 1990s, autumns and winters in the Bering Sea became warmer (with the warmest period in the late 2010s when southeasterlies prevailed in winter), but springs became colder (southeastern wind transfer in early 2000s changed to the northeastern one in late 2010s), with no definite tendency for summer, when the meridional index of atmospheric circulation was rather stable and the zonal index had a negative trend (weakening of westerlies). Trends and cycles of oceanographic conditions in the northwestern Bering Sea generally coincided with the changes in wind transfer in any season.
Thermal conditions in the marine coastal waters as a factor favorable for formation of extra-strong year-classes of Karaginsky pink salmon
Authors: Shevlyakov Е. А. , Dederer N. А. , Ostrovsky V. I. , Khen G. V.
Published: April 2024

Variability of the timing for downstream migration of juvenile pink salmon from the Hailulya River to the adjacent coastal waters of Karaginsky Bay is considered and influence of the coastal water temperature on strength of the year-classes for two generative lines of pink salmon spawning in the Karaginsky Bay is analyzed for 1978–2020. The optimal conditions for the downstream migration in the period after 2002 are determined as the mean weighted per migration intensity water temperature > 5.6 o C (up to 7.8 о С on average with the maximum 9.9 о С in some years) and a stable increasing of the temperature during migration. The factor of food availability for juveniles became less important for formation of the Karaginsky pink salmon year-classes since the late 2000s, in comparison with the temperature. Statistical model is proposed for the year-class strength dependence on the temperature of coastal waters in late June and the parents number (R2 = 0.791). The modeled hindcasts of the pink salmon returns in 2021–2023 were rather satisfactory. Given these new results, the limits of pink salmon escapement to spawning grounds could be reconsidered and fishery management models should be adjusted to modern conditions of unrestricted juvenile feeding to get and rationally exploit super-strong year-classes of this species.
Dynamics of fishery and distribution of aggregations for saffron cod Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius) at northern Kuril Islands
Authors: Novikova О. V.
Published: April 2024

The fishery on winter-spring accumulations of saffron cod in the area of northern Kuril Islands has a long history with varying intensity, though this species is not abundant both in the Pacific and Okhotsk Sea waters of this area. The annual catch ranged from 1.8 to 167.4 t in 2003–2022, on average 40.8 t/yr. The fish with length of 24–56 cm were presented in commercial catches of Danish seine, with prevalence of the 36–48 cm size group. The average length of saffron cod in the catches was changed from 35.4 cm in summer to 43.2 cm in winter that coincided with the fishing depth increasing in winter. The main commercial concentrations of the species had formed between the islands of Paramushir and Shumshu and in the area of the First Kuril Strait.
NEQUIM Contact System (NCS): A tool for generation and analysis of protein-ligand interaction fingerprint
Authors: Martins-José Andrelly , Lopes Julio
Published: April 2024

NEQUIM Contact System (NCS) is a system to generate and analyze interaction vectors of protein-ligand complexes. Core features include multiple views of vectors, multiple selection options, cluster analysis and the generation of interaction vector models. The input could be from a PDB format or from files generated by automatic docking softwares AutoDock/Vina or Surflex. Availability: The NCS is available free of charge from SourceForge web site https://sourceforge.net/projects/nequimcontacts
TOBACCO - Stop Smoking and Start Living
Authors: T.S. Ranganath Dr. , . MD
Published: April 2024

None
Health status of migrant population residing at urban field practice area, Mallasandra, Bangalore - A descriptive study.
Authors: R Lavanya , D Hiremath Shwetha , . Maheswaran , Prithviraj Renuka
Published: April 2024

Background Among the different special groups migrants occupy a prominent place. They are exposed to unhygienic environment both at home and work. They have been neglected while implementing national programmes or while calculating health indicators. And studies on their health status are limited.Objective This study was planned to determine the socio-demographicenvironmental factors and health status with utilization of health services among migrant population residing at Mallasandra.Methodology A Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among migrant population residing in urban field practice area of a teaching medical college hospital Bengaluru. Details of socio demographic environmental factors and knowledgeutilization of available health services was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The results were expressed in the form of descriptive statistics.Results A total of 27 families and 130 individuals were identified. They were living in an unhygienic environment but were apparently healthy. Being migrants it is difficult for them to have basic environmental facilities. They were ignorant of their health and also services provided through various national programmes. Only the maternal and immunization services were utilized probably because of ASHA workers.Conclusion Health of migrant population is often neglected. It is time to undertake programmes directed towards improvement of their environmental condition and health status and also to raise their awareness in this regard.
Strategic Framework to Promote Rationale Use of Medicine in LMICs: A Policy Perspective
Authors: Tamysetty Sathyanarayana
Published: April 2024

Background Through the application of a strategic framework the PAPer attempts to sharpen the focus coordination and dissemination of promotionof rational use of medicines PRUM framework.As per WHO estimates more than half of all medicines are prescribed dispensed or sold inappropriately and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly. Across low- and middleincome countries LMICs this issue has been impeding health goal achievement. The purpose of this strategic framework is to guide and organize the systematic planning implementation and evaluation of irrational use of medicines and other efforts aimed at improving rational use of medicines and reducing and ultimately eliminating irrational use of medicines.Objectives the suggested framework efforts include those aimed directly at irrational use of medicines and related health problems but also those that support a systems approach to addressing such problems across the country. These systems approaches have not been previously available in efforts targeted towards PRUM and improve health issues.Methods The logic framework model approach being adopted to enhance the clarity for developing the strategic framework.Results and Conclusion The Framework may provide a rational basis for identifying and developing effective strategies practices and other efforts that could conduct and supports promotion of rational use of medicines with range of stakeholders across the country. The Framework does this by drawing on existing science and knowledge about the nature of deterring factors and suggests sustainable interventions to promote lsquopromotion of rational use of medicines.
Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in cervicovaginal PAP test among Anganwadi workers in Bengaluru
Authors: . Vanitha.B , Reddy Ramakrishna , S G Kishore , . Ranganath.T.S
Published: April 2024

Background Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and curable forms of cancer as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Every minute one woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Cervico-vaginal PAP testCVPTevery 3-5 years linked with timely treatment of pre-cancerous lesions can reduce the disease burden.Objective The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in Cervico-vaginal PAP testand to screen for cancerous and precancerous lesions among Anganwadi workers in Bengaluru. Methodology A cross-sectional study conducted among 196 Anganwadi teachers in Bengaluru Urban. Using universal sampling technique all the Anganwadi workers who were present on the day were included for screening. After giving mass awareness and obtaining consent from the participants PAP smear was taken to screen for epithelial abnormalities cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Results Mean age of the screened women was 39.1 years SD 9.609. All the women were married. Majority of them had regular cycles 185 94.3 with the mean age of menarche being 14.1 years SD 1.96. Out of 147 PAP smears excluding refusals inadequate smear and hysterectomy about 61 41.4 were normal 80 54.4 had inflammatory smearsinfections. ASCUS in 4 2.8 smears and 1 0.6 in each of ASGUS and HSIL.Conclusion Cervico-vaginal PAP test is easy non-invasive useful simple safe and very economical tool to screen women for pre-invasive cervical epithelial lesions and other epithelial abnormalities.
Apolipoprotein B levels and its relation to lipid profile in type II - Diabetes Mellitus; Comparative study
Authors: H Sitaram C , S Ashakiran , G Ganesh
Published: April 2024

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not only associated with carbohydrate metabolic disturbances but also been associated with dyslipidemia comprising of multiple lipoprotein disorders which increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apolipoprotein A-1 Apo A1 and apolipoprotein B Apo B are the main structural proteins of the circulating HDL particles and atherogenic lipoproteins respectively. Since apo B is the major apoprotein content of the atherogenic lipoprotein study of apo B levels may help in identifying diabetics who are at risk of developing cardiovascular morbidity even before there is alteration in the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol.Objectives 1 To estimate serum total cholesterol triglycerides HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol and Apo B levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and comparing them with controls 2 To correlate the Apo B levels with total cholesterol triglycerides HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in cases of type 2 diabetes and controls.Methods Subjects were from the patients attending Medical OPD amp Diabetology OPD of R.L.Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre Kolar. The subjects of either sex within the age group of 40 to 65 years were included for the study its Comparative study Sample size of 45 and divisions of following groups were made Group A - Proven cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus under poor control Group B - Diabetic Controls Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients under control based on glycated hemoglobin levels amp Group C - Normal Healthy Controls.Results The levels of apo B is found to be increased in uncontrolled diabetes patients compared to the controlled diabetics and healthy controls. Correlation of Apo B showed a positive significant correlation with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in all the groups.Conclusion Apolipoprotein estimations give more insight to on-going metabolic changes occurring with circulating lipids. Lipid alterations are reflected better by Apo B estimation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and predicts the risk of associated complications with it.
A Cross sectional study of IPT Adherence among childhoodcontacts of smear-positive Pulmonary TB
Authors: T. S. Ranganath , L Hamsa
Published: April 2024

Background Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children globally and in Developing countries. They should be promptly screened and treated.Objective to determine the level of IPT adherence of children in contact with adults with smear-positive PTB Methods A cross sectional study was conducted by house to house visits patients or head of the family were interviewed after taking informed consent. Number of children lt6 years in the households the extent of screening and isoniazid preventive therapy and various factors affecting it were studied.Results Totally 110 eligible Contacts of lt6years were identified by household visits 9586.36 of contacts were screened for tuberculosis 7164.54 were initiated with isoniazid preventive therapy in which 5348.18 of the contacts had incomplete therapy and only 1816.36 completed the IPT therapy.Conclusion Implementation of child contact screening is suboptimal. This component needs to be strengthened to prevent the children becoming the future pool of infections and progression of infection to disease state.
Study of bone mineral density and their determinants among Medical practitioners of a Tertiary care Government hospital
Authors: S Madan , S N Manjunatha
Published: April 2024

Background Vitamin D deficiency prevails in epidemic proportions all over the Indian subcontinent with a prevalence of 70ndash100 in the general population. Hence it is important to estimate its burden in doctors and other health care providers.Objectives 1. To test Bone Mineral Density BMD values using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry DEXA scan among the study population. 2. To correlate values of Bone Mineral Density with serum 25-OH cholecalciferol serum calcium weight height body mass index BMI sun exposure physical activity and diet. 3. To document known co-morbidities among study population.Methodology The study is a prospective cross sectional study.50 medical practitioners adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were invited for participation with voluntary consent. Their Bone Mineral Density values were calibrated by using an Ultrasound based Bone mineral densitometer having a 1 MHz transducer probe. Serum Vitamin D values were estimated by radioimmunoassay method and were expressed in nmolL. Serum Calcium values were estimated by semiauto-analyzer.Results 58 of study population had normal bone mineral density. Only 12 had normal serum vitamin D. There was no significant association between bone mineral density and serum VitaminD. Conclusion The Bone Mineral Density BMD values in the study population are on an average in the osteopenic range with low serum vitamin D levels.
Scaling up screening, diagnosis, and treatment of gestationaldiabetes mellitus in Karnataka: Policy Brief
Authors: Vats Antara , R Deepa , R Babu Giridhara
Published: April 2024

Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India was successful in determining the incidence of diabetes during pregnancy of women in India. The Asian Research and Training Institute for Skill Transfer demonstrated the incidence of diabetes in pregnancy in Urban Karnataka as 15.6. Maternal antecedents of adiposity and studying the transgenerational role of hyperglycaemia and insulin MAASTHI a cohort studyin Karnataka demonstrated the link between transgenerational factors and the risk associated with being diagnosed with GDM. The study was also instrumental in understanding the need of developing screening diagnosis and treatment guidelines for GDM in Karnataka. This study has developed and implemented procedures of screening in public hospitals and primary maternal clinics in Karnataka. Even though the national guidelines have been suggested by the government of India on February 2018they still have not been implemented in Karnataka. There is an urgent need to standardise methods of screening the cut off points the trimester and the weeks by which they should be screened and so on to avoid adverse maternal and fetal outcomes associated with GDM.We used qualitative research methods in this study to interview the various stakeholders. The recommendations of this study include the addition of GDM to Essential Diagnostic List and other existing programs such as NPCDCS dealing with maternal healthcare and diabetes separately among others.
Perception and Practices of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC) members prevention and control of Dengue
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen , Kumar D Sunil , Siddalingappa Hugara , M Renuka , R Narayana Murthy M
Published: April 2024

Background Dengue in all its forms is a major public health problem in India. Once considered being problem in urban areas now it is increasingly found in rural areas. Members of Village health sanitation and nutrition committees are the major stakeholders for health wellbeing sanitation and nutrition related activities at the village level. Thus understanding their knowledge on dengue will give an idea about their potential utility prevention and control of the disease. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted among all 305 VHSNC members of two randomly selected primary health centers of Mysuru talukas for the period of six months. Perception and practicesof members on dengue and its prevention were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire.Results Among 305 VHSNC members participated in the study only 189 61.9 had ever heard of dengue.99 52.4 were aware that dengue is a preventable disease and 63.5 knew that disease is transmitted by mosquito. 30 knew that the mosquito breeds in fresh artificial collection of water. 54.1 participants reported to use bed nets followed by 98 32.1 mosquito repellent coils 60 19.7 mosquito repellent creams. Overall majority 120 39.3 were having poor perception regarding dengue followed by 95 31.1 fair 75 24.6 satisfactory and 15 4.9 good.Conclusion The perception and practices regarding dengue and its prevention were found to be poor among village health sanitation and nutrition committee members in selected primary health center areas of Mysuru.
A Study of Occupational Health and Safety Measures in theCentral Sterilization and Supply Department of a PrivateTertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: Shashi Kumar M , Ramakrishna Goud B , Joseph Bobby
Published: April 2024

Introduction The Central Sterilization and Supply Department CSSD plays an important role in any hospital by continuously supplying clean and sterile equipmentrsquos and items to various departments thus preventing the spread of infection.Objectives To identify existing practices and Occupational Health and Safety OSH measures in the CSSD and to assess the use of Personal Protective Equipmentrsquos PPEs among Health Care Workers in the CSSD.Methodology A crosssectional study was carried out in a private tertiary care teaching hospital. An observation checklist was developed which was partially based on Occupational Hazard Checklist of OSHA for a CSSD. This was field tested and validated for applicability for this study.Results The potential biological hazards are infections via exposure to blood and other body fluids during the transportation of the unsterile equipmentrsquos to receiving area. The workers are also exposed to aerosols spills and splashes during various activities fungal infection due to wet clothes and environment and infections through fomites. The potential physical hazards are injuries due to slips and falls exposure to heat humidity dust hypochlorite solution and enzyme solution. The potential ergonomic hazards are musculoskeletal diseases and repetitive stress injuries at the shoulder elbow and small joints of the hands. PPEs were not used consistently in most areas of CSSD.
Assessing the dependence of elderly people in their activitiesof daily living using Barthel index in an urban area ,Mysuru
Authors: G Shwetha , Kumar D Sunil , S. Bilimale Anil , R Narayana Murthy M
Published: April 2024

Background In India elderly population is accounted to be rising according to 2011 census nearly 104 million elderly people aged 60 years and above were present. United Nations Population Fund and Help age India reported that there will be rise in number of elderly people to 173 million by 2026. Objectives To assess the dependence of elderly people in their Activities of Daily Living and to find out its association with socio demographic status in the urban area of Bannimantap Mysuru.Methodology A Cross sectional study was conducted in the Government urban primary health centre Bannimantap Mysuru for the period of two month from September to October 2019. The study included 327 elderly people who are aged above 60 years through the simple random sampling. A semi structured interview questionnaire was used with Barthel index.Results The prevalence of dependence of elderly people was 30.3. About 50 belongs to the age group of 60 to 69 years among them 68.5 were females. Most of them were belongs to joint family and low socio economic status. And we can see the association of dependency of elderly people with the socio demographic characteristics age factor education currently working status and socio economic status with the statistical significance of lsquoprsquovalue lt0.05.Conclusions According to our study there is a raise in the prevalence of dependency of elderly people. Hence it is important to promote the health of the elderly people through proper family support medical treatment counselling and friendly environment with the activities like yoga meditation healthy diet etc.
Relationship between the Neck Circumference, StandardAnthropometric Measures, and Blood Pressure in youngadults in Urban slums, Bengaluru
Authors: N Gowda Keerthana , Reddy Ramakrishna , T S Ranganath , . Vishwanatha
Published: April 2024

Background Neck circumference NC is a simple and reliable anthropometric measure whereas measurement of waist circumference WC has substantial variability and body mass index BMI is associated with significant limitations as not representing the body fat distribution. Upper body subcutaneous fat UBSF has a higher metabolic risk than abdominal visceral fat and this can be estimated by neck circumference NC.Objective To assess an impact of gender on NC values and to determine whether the NC correlates with standard anthropometric measures and BP values in apparently healthy young adults in urban slums of Bengaluru.Methodology A cross-sectional study included young adults of 19 to 24 years in urban slums of Bengaluru conducted during the month of October ndash November 2019 by snowball sampling. A face validated semi structured self-administered questionnaire consisting.Results In 46 young men the value of NC was 36.68plusmn1.47 cm while in 58 young women the value of NC was 32.12plusmn1.63 cm plt0.001. There is a significant positive correlation in both genders between the NC and BMI r0.80 plt0.001 in men r0.49 plt0.001 in women and between the NC and WC r0.48 plt0.001 in men r0.38 plt0.01 in women. Significant correlation was not observed between the NC and SBP r0.07 p0.69 and DBP r0.19 p0.20 in young men and between the NC and SBP r0.06 p0.54 and DBP r0.09 p0.51 in young women.Conclusion NC can be considered as a simple useful and reliable tool to identify overweight and obesity instead of standard anthropometric measures like BMI and WC which causes discomfort during measurement.
Simple interrupted and continuous interlocking suturing techniquescomparision inmaxillofacial trauma–a Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: C H Mahabaleshwara , Francis Mariea , Kumar D Prasanna , C R ThamilAmudhan , Pethkar Radhika , B Shravani
Published: April 2024

Background Suturing is a fine skill in the field of surgery to keep the dermal mucosal edges to come into contact and heal together to attain a scar less or relatively fine line scar. Suturing in oral cavity is seen to be technically challenging due to its anatomical nature of confined space and obstacles such as teeth tongue buccal musculature saliva etc. and maintaining of the suture post-operatively plays a major role. Simple interrupted and continuous interlocking are commonly used and simple method of suturing and Vicryl Polyglactin is preferred absorbable intraoral suture material.Objectives To compare the efficacy of simple interrupted and continuous interlocking suturing techniques using 3-0 vicryl Polyglactin suturesMethod The study sample includes 20 patients 16 males and 4 females with maxillofacial trauma requiring ORIF Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of maxilla or mandible fractures were randomly divided into two groups Group A and Group B. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients with age groups between 20-50 years requiring ORIF under local anesthesia or general anesthesia through an intraoral approach and incision measuring 4cm - 6cm. Patients requiring extra-oral incisions comminuted fractures with acute illness infection pregnancy immune compromised conditions and not willing to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Surgical site was closed in single layer using 3-0 Vicryl sutures. Intraoperatively time taken for suturing wound dehiscence and wound healing were monitored on post-operative day 3 7 and 30.Results Continuous interlocking sutures shows superior results than that of simple interrupted sutures in terms of time taken for suturing wound dehiscence and wound healing.Conclusion Even though simple interrupted is easy technique continuous interrupted suturing technique shows superior results. However surgeons who operating maxillofacial trauma may have their own view point and technique selection depends on their individual preferences.
Efficient extraction of diesel oil from waste plastics: A comprehensive study
Authors: Ramesh Chandra Mohapatra
Published: April 2024

Since crude oil serves as the initial material for plastic production, the reverse processing of plastic back into crude oil represents an innovative method employed in the present work for improved plastic disposal. Initially, the long-chain molecules of waste plastics are broken down into shorter chain molecules, which are then further fragmented into smaller molecules using a catalytic cracker. The resulting product is a mixture of oils including gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and similar substances. The machinery and processes involved in oil production are entirely based on environmentally friendly principles. Plastics suitable for conversion into oil include propylene, used garbage bags, cookie packaging, CD cases, polyethylene found in vinyl bags, medical products, PET bottle caps, and polystyrene used in cup noodle bowls, lunch boxes, Styrofoam, etc. In addition to addressing the challenges of plastic waste management, the innovative process outlined in this work underscores a commitment to environmentally conscious practices. By employing catalytic cracking and adhering to sustainable principles throughout the oil production process, the conversion of waste plastics into valuable resources not only mitigates environmental impact but also contributes to the circular economy. The types of plastics suitable for this conversion encompass a wide range of commonly used materials, further highlighting the potential for widespread adoption and impact in reducing plastic pollution. Through this approach, the journey from crude oil to plastic and back to oil demonstrates a holistic and efficient method for managing plastic waste while promoting sustainable resource utilization.
Examining measurement invariance of different SWLS measurement models according to gender
Authors: Sena Doğruyol , Nezaket Bilge Uzun , Bilge Bakir Aygar , Asena Yücedağlar
Published: April 2024

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), a popular and widely used measurement tool in cross-cultural research, evaluates
life satisfaction. Even though numerous studies have demonstrated factorial validity across a range of samples and
cultures, the topic of factorial invariance across various subgroups is still up for debate. There are inconsistencies
regarding the structure of the life satisfaction scale in descriptive and relational studies. This study aimed to combine
these contentious models' (Model 1: single-factor model, Model 2: modified single-factor model and Model 3: twofactor
model) measurement invariance with the findings of Multi Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses (MGCFA) carried
out among various gender subgroups in Turkish culture with a sample of 690 participants. As a result of the research, all
models met the model data goodness of fit according to the gender subgroup. But measurement-invariance decisions
carried out according to different models differed.