bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تصميم منهج تعليم مهارة الكلام المبني على الفكرة
Authors: Wardana Musytahar Ali , Fuad Raya Moch. Khafidz
Published: April 2020

المستخلص

البحث في تعليم اللغة العربية كلغة أجنبية من البحوث الواسعة النطاق وعديد من المشكلات فيها. ومن العناصر التى لا تستغني عن الاهتمام بها هي المنهج، لأنه أداة من الأدوات المهمة في نجاح تعليم ما. والمنهج الجيد هو الذي يعتمد على احتياج المتعلم ويستطيع أن يوصله إلى الأهداف المرجوة.

والمشكلة في عملية تعليم اللغة العربية في أكثر من المعاهد هي عدم المنهج المتكامل، حيث أن عملية التعليم لم تزل مستندة على الجدول الدراسي. لذلك كان هذا البحث تحت عنوان " تصميم منهج تعليم مهارة الكلام المبني على الفكرة يهدف إلى تقديم فكرة في تصميم منهج لتعليم مهارة الكلام المبني على الفكرة، ويراعي هذا المنهج إلى حاجات الطلاب.

الكلمات الرئيسة : تصميم، المنهج، مهارة الكلام، منهج الفكرة
تغييرات الأوزان العروضية فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري
Authors: Arisandi Yusuf
Published: April 2020

ملخص البحث

يبحث الباحث فى بحثه عن إحدى التأليفات للبوصيري المشهورة فى زمانه فهي القصيدة المحمدية. هذا البحث يركز على هدفين يعني (1) لمعرفة الأوزان العروضية التي يستخدمها البوصيري فى القصيدة المحمدية، (2) لمعرفة تغييرات الأوزان فى القصيدة المحمدية. وبعد أن بحث الباحث تلك القصيدة فأخذ النتيجة ما يلي: (1) البحر العروضي الذي يستخدمه البوصيري فى القصيدة المحمدية فهو بحر البسيط، ووزنه : مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ فَاعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ فَاعِلُنْ *** مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ فَاعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ فَاعِلُنْ. (2) وكانت تغييرات الأوزان العروضية فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري، هي : (أ) زحاف الخبن الذي يكون فى كل بيت أي من بيت الأول إلى بيت السادسة عشر. (ب) زحاف الطي الذي يكون فى بيت الثانية عشر. (ج) زحاف الجارى مجرى العلة الذي يكون فى كل حشو البيت أي من بيت الأول إلى بيت السادسة عشر، ووزنه متفعلن اصله مستفعلن، حذفت حرف الثاني الساكن. (د) علة الجارى مجرى الزحاف التي تكون فى بيت الثانية عشر، وهي القطع. نوع البحث الذي يستخدم الباحث هو بحث الكيفي لأن في عملية البحث تستلزم تفسير البيانات المتعمقة عن تغييرات الأوزان العروضية الموجودة فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري.

الكلمات المفتاحية : الأوزان العروضية - القصيدة المحمدية
دقة التعابير القرآنية بين المبنى والمعنى
Authors: Ulum Bahrul
Published: April 2020

مستخلص

كان القرآن هو الكتاب المعجز على جميع الطاقات البشرية من حيث مبناه ومعناه، وذلك لإجابة اتهام بعض الجهال ومظانهم في أنه من افتراء محمد الأمي، ثم جاء القرآن بمميزات أساليبه ومعانيه فتحدى جميع من ألقى إليه التهمة والكذب من بلغاء العرب على أن يأتوا شيئا من مثله، ولن يستطيع على الأبد. وهذا البحث محاولة في كشف مزية من مزايا أسلوب القرآن وسر من أسرار إتيان ذلك الأسلوب. وذلك يتركز في كشف أسرار إتيان الجموع المتعددة للمفرد الواحد في الآبات القرآنية، وأما نوع البحث هذا فيكون بحثا وصفيا، واستعان الباحث علم النحو في تحليل بحثه، يم كشفت بعد تحليله النتائج  كما يلي: أولا- جاء الجمع المتعدد في الأية للدلاة على وجود الموافقة والمطابقة بين منبى الجملة و المعنى السياقي الذي يراد به في الأية. ثانيا- أن يدل إتيان الجمع المتعدد في الأية دلالة توضح للقارئ أن المراد هو الصفة أو الجنس. ثالثا- تارة أتى القرآن بالجموع المتنوعة لإفادة تعبير العاقل وغير العاقل.

كلمات البحث: دقة الرواية ، كلمة الجمع ، كلمة المفرد.
تحليل عناصر القافية فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري
Authors: Arisandi Yusuf , Syaiulana Syaiulana
Published: April 2020

ملخص البحث

يبحث الباحث فى بحثه عن إحدى التأليفات للبوصيري المشهورة فى زمانه فهي القصيدة المحمدية. هذا البحث يركز على عناصر القافية التي يستخدمها البوصيري فى القصيدة المحمدية. وبعد أن بحث الباحث تلك القصيدة فأخذ النتيجة ما يلي: (1) من حيث أنواع الكلمات : (أ) لا تجد بعض كلمة وكلمة فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري، (ب) تجد كلمة وبعض أخرى وكلمتين فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري. (2) ومن حيث أنواع الحروف : (أ) تجد الروي والوصل فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري، (ب) لا تجد الخروج والردف والتأسيس والدخيل فى القصيدة المحمدية للبوصيري. (3) ومن حيث أنواع الحركة : (أ) تجد الحركة للمجرى، (ب) ولا تجد الحركة للنفاذ والحذو والإشباع والرس والتوجيه. (4) ومن حيث أنواع القافية : يستخدم كل بيت فى القصيدة المحمدية مطلقة. (5) ومن حيث عيوب القافية : لا تجد عيب فى القصيدو المحمدية ولو بيتا. (6) ومن حيث أسماء القافية : يستخدم كل بيت فى القصيدة المحمدية إسم المتراكب.

الكلمات الرئيسية : عناصر القافية - القصيدة المحمدية
طريقة تعليم اللغة العربية في ترقية مهارة الكلام
Authors: Sulthon Muhammad
Published: April 2020

مستخلص البحث

                كان هذا البحث يستخدم الدراسة النوعية لتحليل بياناته، ومجموع البيانات على طريقة المقابلة بالحوار مع رجال مدبري مركز اللغة في تربية المعلمين الإسلامية بمعهد الأمين الإسلامي برندوان سومنب مادورا ورجال مدبري دار اللغة العربية والفقه السلفي بمعهد النقاية الإسلامي بمنطقة لاتي كولوء-كولوء سومنب مادورا ثم بعض الطلبة فيهما، وبطريقة الملاحظة ثم الوثيقة. أما لتحليل صحة البيانات فإنه قد قام بجمع البيانات وتنقصها ثم عرضها.

                وفي هذا البحث يستعمل الباحث دراسة البحث النوعي. وبمعنى أن الباحث يجب أن يتوجه بالدراسات الميدانية ويقيم الحوار بمصادر البيانات لتقديم الملاحظات من أجل جمع البيانات الصالحة بحيث يمكن للباحث تقديم المعلومات الواضحة وفقا للظروف في الميدان، والرجاء أن تكون النتيجة المحصولة فيما بعض برهانا قويا حقيقيا أن تقرين طريقة تعليم اللغة العربية في ترقية مهارة الكلام بين مركز اللغة في معهد تربية المعلمين الإسلامية بمعهد الأمين الإسلامي برندوان سومنب مادورا ودار اللغة العربية والفقه السلفي بمعهد النقاية الإسلامي بمنطقة لاتي كولوء–كولوء سومنب مادورا كذا وكذا.

دلّت نتيجة البحث التي وجدها الباحث على أن طريقة تعليم اللغة العربية في ترقية مهارة الكلام التي قام بها رجال مركز اللغة بمعهد تربية المعلمين الإسلامية برندوان سومنب مادورا أحسن مما قام بها رجال دار اللغة العربية والفقه السلفي بمعهد النقاية الإسلامي بمنطقة لاتي كولوء-كولوء سومنب مادورا.

مفتاح الكلمات : طريقة تعليم اللغة العربية، مهارة الكلام
تحليل الكتاب المقرر العربية للجامعة الجزء الثاني طباعة 2012 على أساس مواصفات إعداد الكتب المقررة
Authors: Amiruddin Muhammad , Akhyar Muhammad Asyroful
Published: April 2020

مستخلص

 

يعتمد هذا البحث الوصفي التحليلي في مصادر بياناته على الكتاب في الباب ، ويتم حصول البيانات عن طريق تحليل نتائج الاستبانة و مكوناتها التي أملاها 5 (خمسة) أنفار من المدرسين و 35 (خمسة وثلاثون) طالبا من شعب مختلفة في جامعة تولونج أجونج الإسلامية الحكومية. ومن أدوات البحث بنود الاستبانة وملاحظتهم من تعليقات اقترحها فيه الباحث والمستبينون ودراسة مكتبية.

تشير نتائج البحث إلى أن 55% من صفحات الكتاب بأمس الحاجة إلى إصلاح الطباعة والأخطاء الإملائية، ومعدل الطلاب للعينات الخمس في الاستبانة  يساوى 2،6986أو جيد، بينما معدل المدرسين لها يساوي 2،36969أومتدني. وبعد الجمع بينهما يساوى المعدل 2،53 أو جيد. يبدو أن درجة الجودة للكتاب يسير وخفيف جدا وكاد أن يكون متدنياً، لذا وراءها ملاحظات هامة تحتاج إلى أن يعتني بها من يهمها الأمر ويتصرف برد الفعل.

الكلمات الأساسية: الكتاب المدرسي ،المقرر، تحليل، كتاب تعليم اللغة العربية
جهود مركز اللغات في ترقية مهارة الكلام
Authors: Sulthon Muhammad , Arisandi Yusuf
Published: April 2020

فإن هذا البحث يقصد على الاستظهار والوصف لجهود مركز اللغات ثم العوامل الداعمة والعائقة في ترقية مهارة الكلام العربي لطلاب المرحلة الثانوية بتربية المعلمين الإسلامية لليبنين بمعهد الأمين الإسلامي برندوان سومنب مادورا.

هذا البحث يستخدم الكيفي المرتب بالميدان الوصفي لتحليل بياناته، ومجموعة البيانات على طريقة المقابلة مع الحوار والملاحظة المنظمة ثم الوثيقة أما لتحقيق صحة البيانات بتمديد المشاركة والمناقشة والحوار بجهة أخرى ثم التثليث وانطلاقا بتحليل البيانات استخدمه الباحث تقنيات التحليل نحو جمع البيانات وتنقيص البيانات ثم الأخير عرض البيانات.  البناء، الحقيقة، .involusi

علما أن مركز اللغات هو الهيئة المسؤولية عن ترقية اللغة العربية في نطاق معهد الأمين الإسلامي برندوان سومنب مادورا، فالجهود لم يتم حلها إلا مع إتيان المساعدة بين منسوبي هذا المعهد وليس قط القيام ببعضهم بل نحو الأكثر يتضاد ويتحد في وحدة الأطراف مع ثبوت الاعتقاد. لوجد بل هلت حقيقة الحالة ضمن الطلبة تدل أن بعضهم لم يقوموا بها كما حقيقة هذه اللغة المرجوة عند المعهد ومركز اللغات بسبب من الأسباب أولا عدم الحس والحماسة في نفوس الطلبة نحو رفع الجوي اللغوي مهما كان تسير البرامج اللغوية لديهم، ثانيا انقصه المؤيدة والمتابعة من منسوبي هذا المعهد لأجل النظر والانتشار فيما بينهم إما كلاميا أو خلوقيا بل المساعدة في المعاملة الاجتماعية بين كبار المعهد إلى الأصغر فحسب. فبهذا هلت مشاكل المعهد قط في هذه الحالة ولم نخطئ أحدا إلا الأخطاء هي نقصان الوعي الشخصي أو الاجتماعي والتعاون الجيد بين منسوبي المعهد.

مفتاح الكلمات : جهود مركز اللغات ومهارة الكلام.
PEMAHAMAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM PESERTA DIKLAT SUBTANTIF PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI MULTIMEDIA DI KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Nurdin Saeful
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in understanding of google classroom as multimedia learning with the blanded learning method. Utilizing google classroom can help with the collection of tasks, very efficient in terms of costs and users. The design used was a one-group pretestposttest design, the sample was 30 subject matter teachers assigned to Madrasah Tsanawiyah at the Ministry of Religion in Tasikmalaya regency. The results of the pretest with an average value of 47 and posttest 76 on a scale of 100, while the normalized gain value is at the value of 0.53 with the medium category, it can be said there is an increase in understanding of google classroom in the substantive training of increasing multimedia competency. Key words: google classroom, understanding, blanded learning
IMPLEMENTASI REVOLUSI MENTAL DALAM KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Authors: Muhtarom Mumuh
Published: April 2020

This article aims to describe the implementation of the mental revolution in basic education. Through analytical descriptive methods, the conclusion is that the mental revolution serves to improve the quality of education and provide solutions to obstacles due to the low quality of education implementers in the field both teachers, schools, supervisors, students, and policymakers in education through the implementation of the curriculum, especially in the basic education. Key words: Character; Personality; Basic education; mental revolution
ANALISIS ENAM KOMPETENSI PENGAWAS MADRASAH
Authors: Aguslani Aguslani
Published: April 2020

The Supervisor position in national education system is very strategic. Their duty to be an academic supervisor and evaluator to headmasters and teacher of madrasah s a subject to professional work. However, some researches have shown that supervisor professionalism level in Indonesia is still relatively low. The research tried to observe comprehensively on their academic, managerial, knowledge on research and development, personality, and social competencies. Research was done to collect data from supervisors in jabar with quantitative method, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The research aims to find the level of supervisor competency in jabar that hopefully can be beneficial for policies to improve their level of professionalism. Research showed that their level of competencies is average. Government needs to intensify activities to enhance their knowledge and skill in supervising, mentoring and coaching headmaster, teachers, researching, and building partnership. Keywords: Analysis, Supervisor, Competences
Role of Iron Chelators, Hydroxyurea, and Splenectomy on Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity in β-Thalassemia
Authors: Talaat Ahmed , Abdallah Ismail Nagwa , Adolf Habib Sonia , Orban Hisham A.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Iron overload is the main cause of oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia (βT) by the increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants counteract the toxic effects of oxidative stress.
AIM: This study aims to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the possible impact of splenectomy, iron chelators, and hydroxyurea (hydra) on serum level of TAC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty children and adolescents with βT were studied in comparison to 25 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. Complete medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of serum TAC, ferritin, hepcidin, and hemoglobin (Hb) were carried out.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups; thalassemia major (TM), thalassemia intermedia (TI), and controls as regard age and sex. β-TM patients had significantly higher serum ferritin, serum hepcidin, and serum TAC (p < 0.000, 0.002, and 0.000, respectively) than controls. β-TI patients had significantly higher serum ferritin and serum TAC (p < 0.000) than controls. Serum TAC was lower in children with splenectomy, but this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, we observed no statistically significant difference in serum TAC of patients under different (deferasirox or deferiprone) medication. Serum TAC concentration was significantly higher in patients taking hydroxyurea (hydra) (p < 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed an increased level of serum TAC in patients with β-T in comparison with controls. Serum TAC was also increased in those taking hydroxyurea, however, it was low in βT patients under regular chelation therapy, while splenectomy had no significant effect on serum TAC.
Le tempo, fondement des compétences musicales et support du développement sociocognitif
Authors: Bobin-Bègue Anne
Published: April 2020

La musique est un objet sonore complexe mais qui repose sur une organisation temporelle très régulière. Cette caractéristique forte permet, lorsqu’elle est maîtrisée, d’anticiper les événements et de s’y synchroniser. La littérature scientifique souligne que l’être humain a une capacité à traiter ces régularités sur la base d’un tempo interne qui caractérise chaque individu. Bon nombre d’études chez l’adulte, l’enfant et le bébé montrent que le tempo interne oriente efficacement l’attention vers les objets ou événements importants. Au cours des premières années, pendant lesquelles cette compétence temporelle se développe, le jeune enfant baigne déjà dans un milieu riche en régularités temporelles multimodales, en produit de nombreuses et est soutenu dans son développement par ses partenaires sociaux privilégiés. Ces derniers lui proposent des interactions aux régularités temporelles saillantes qui lui permettent d’orienter son attention pour développer ses compétences cognitives et sociales.
L’imitation sonore durant la période préverbale : enjeux théoriques et dispositifs
Authors: Filippa M. , Cornara S. , Monaci MG. , Grandjean D. , Nuti G. , Nadel Jacqueline
Published: April 2020

Les premières interactions peuvent être qualifiées de proto-musicales et se manifestent par la mise en synchronie du rythme et de la prosodie entre l’adulte et le bébé (Trevarthen, 2009). De ce fait, l’encouragement des pratiques musicales précoces ne peut que rejaillir sur les capacités précoces de communication (Gratier & Filippa, 2019). C’est dans cet esprit que nous proposons cet article ciblé sur les perspectives théoriques concernant la musicalité précoce, et présentant des dispositifs susceptibles de permettre l’expression de cette musicalité via l’imitation sonore. Ces dispositifs sont basés sur l’imitation synchrone qui se manifeste comme étant le moyen le mieux adapté à organiser des productions musicales caractérisées par leur concomitance temporelle. Pour privilégier une imitation sonore synchrone, nous nous sommes inspirés de la méthodologie de l’imitation gestuelle proposée par Nadel (2016) et présentons deux exemples concrets : les dispositifs « chevalets jumeaux » et « banc à deux » que nous proposons pour favoriser la musicalité chez les tout-petits dans le but de soutenir le développement de leurs compétences cognitives et socio-émotionnelles à travers ces jeux. Une étude de cas illustre une implémentation possible pour l’imitation sonore.
La Tunisie, une démocratie insaisissable
Authors: Morin Olivier
Published: April 2020

À une forte majorité, les élections présidentielles tunisiennes ont porté au pouvoir Kaïs Saïed, un conservateur se présentant comme « antisystème ». Mais le pays est plus divisé qu’il n’y paraît. La campagne a fait émerger des thèmes nouveaux. L’échec de la validation du nouveau cabinet ministériel montre que les islamo-conservateurs n’ont plus la domination absolue.
Le continent noir d’Alzheimer
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: April 2020

Le vieillissement cérébral soulève d’innombrables interrogations. Les carences cognitives liées à l’âge s’inscrivent dans une multitude de profils et d’évolutions possibles. Une part d’oubli et de dessaisissement de soi est inhérente au grand âge. Mais souligner le vieillissement du cerveau et se mobiliser pour maintenir les ressources de la personne n’est pas la même chose que de diagnostiquer une atteinte dégénérative cérébrale nommée maladie d’Alzheimer.
Promesses et défis de l’économie circulaire
Authors: Ezvan Cécile
Published: April 2020

Que recouvre l’économie circulaire, à quelles pratiques de consommation et de production correspond-elle ? Et, surtout, quelle est sa portée sur la préservation des ressources naturelles ? Cet article propose de revenir sur l’origine du concept d’économie circulaire, ses spécificités et ses défis, avant d’analyser à quelles conditions, techniques mais aussi sociales et institutionnelles, ses promesses pourront être tenues.
L’expérimentation « Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée »
Authors: Sarrot Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2020

L’expérimentation « Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée », votée à l’unanimité par l’Assemblée nationale en février 2016, vise à redonner du travail à ces chômeurs. Le principe consiste à associer toutes les parties prenantes, à commencer par les chômeurs eux-mêmes, afin de montrer que ce fléau social ne relève d’aucune fatalité. Des signes récents semblent montrer un manque de confiance du pouvoir central à l’égard des acteurs de ce projet.
Jean Delumeau, historien de l’Église de France
Authors: Cuchet Guillaume
Published: April 2020

Jean Delumeau (1923-2020), qui est décédé en janvier à l’âge de 96 ans, a occupé de 1975 à 1994 la chaire d’« histoire des mentalités religieuses de l’Occident moderne » au Collège de France, après avoir enseigné à l’université de Rennes, puis à la Sorbonne. Avec René Rémond (1918-2007) et Alphonse Dupront (1905-1990), il a été un des grands maîtres de l’histoire religieuse française, dont il a accompagné l’essor remarquable à partir des années 1960-1970, en même temps qu’un des représentants les plus en vue, en France et à l’étranger, de l’histoire dite « des mentalités ».
La foi est-elle encore possible ?
Authors: Colin Dominique
Published: April 2020

Dans nos sociétés, le discours chrétien semble de plus en plus insignifiant. Il faut alors se poser la question : « Qu’est-ce que croire ? » Revenant aux fondamentaux de la foi chrétienne, on perçoit sa radicalité critique à l’égard de la « suffisance » du monde. La foi renvoie à l’espérance qui crée du possible.
The role of popular media in 2016 US presidential election memes
Authors: Hunting Kyra Osten
Published: April 2020

The 2016 US presidential election was marked by the extensive role that social media played in the construction of the candidates as well as by the growth of a number of forms of digital political rhetoric, including memes. The subgenre of popular culture-based political memes that draw on well-known entertainment media, particularly those with large fandoms like the Star Wars and Harry Potter franchises, reveal inequities in gender representation in entertainment media that are replicated when these media become source material for memes. Memes based on popular culture that are designed to celebrate female candidates are disadvantaged by having a more limited popular culture lexicon than do memes featuring male candidates. This imbalance is compounded by the ways negative stereotypes of women already present in popular culture can be deployed in these memes, often in ways that align with news frames that work to police female politicians. Examining the popular culture materials deployed in memes and the way in which they replicate existing representational inequities can improve our understanding of the relationship among memes, popular media, and gender stereotypes.
Promenons-nous dans les bois. Quid de l’apport de l’étude dendro-archéologique des charpentes anciennes à l’histoire de l’environnement dans le Massif armoricain ?
Authors: Olivier Corentin
Published: April 2020

Le Massif armoricain de la fin du Moyen Âge et du début de l’Époque moderne est richement pourvu d’édifices gothiques. Peu d’entre eux sont connus pour leur charpente. Ces structures renferment pourtant bon nombre de renseignements. La dendrochronologie peut ainsi contribuer à la datation des monuments. Mais la charpente présente aussi l’avantage de nous éclairer sur quelques aspects de la ressource en bois d’œuvre utilisée. Au travers d’exemples archéologiques encore en place nous essaierons de savoir dans quelle mesure l’étude des charpentes anciennes peut aider à la connaissance des forêts et de leur exploitation. Pour ce faire, les informations issues des sources écrites seront confrontées aux observations dendro-archéologiques des bois de construction ainsi qu’aux données dendro-chronologiques. Entre la fin du Moyen Âge et l’époque moderne, le chêne est omniprésent parmi les ouvrages de charpenterie et témoigne du développement progressif du système bocager.
De l’estran à l’assiette : exemples de l’exploitation des invertébrés marins et terrestres par les populations monastiques au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne
Authors: Le Goff Laura
Published: April 2020

Les établissements monastiques, du fait de l’observance de la règle, sont des lieux de consommation privilégiés des ressources halieutiques. Les invertébrés marins, considérés au Moyen Âge comme des poissons, ont alors pu représenter pour les communautés littorales un apport significatif à leur régime alimentaire. Cet article s’appuie sur l’étude de trois sites en particulier : l’abbaye de Landévennec et les prieurés de Charron et de Saint-Vivien. Les résultats des études archéomalacologiques y sont mis en regard des sources textuelles disponibles pour la période. Nous abordons tout d’abord la question des modes de collecte, des territoires exploités, puis les techniques employées et le choix des espèces consommées. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons au point central de cet article, soit les modes de consommation de ces invertébrés marins, en nous attardant en particulier sur les huîtres plates, les moules et les patelles, mais aussi terrestres, avec un focus sur les escargots. Enfin, la dernière partie aborde un usage méconnu des coquilles : leur réemploi en tant que matériau.
Observer la guerre depuis la gare : le cas de la Bretagne, région de l’arrière (1914-1921)
Authors: Lagadec Yann
Published: April 2020

En février 1919, c’est face à la gare, à Nantes, que les autorités civiles et militaires organisent les festivités marquant le retour du 265e RI, le régiment de réserve cantonné dans la ville. Le lieu de ces cérémonies est éminemment symbolique : en célébrant ici ce retour, la population nantaise semble venir refermer la parenthèse ouverte en août 1914 au même endroit, lorsque les réservistes avaient embarqué dans les trains en direction de la frontière.Tout au long de ces cinq années, y compris en cette région de l’arrière qu’est avant tout la Bretagne, c’est en effet, en bien des villes, grandes ou petites, dans la gare que bat le pouls de la guerre. Départ des troupes mobilisées au cours de l’été 1914 puis des renforts régulièrement envoyés au front, arrivée des prisonniers allemands ou des blessés français soignés dans les nombreux hôpitaux temporaires, accueil des réfugiés de Belgique ou du Nord de la France, transit des troupes britanniques, américaines mais aussi russes ou portugaises, va-et-vient des permissionnaires, manifestations du printemps 1917, chargement des denrées réquisitionnées pour l’armée : la gare constitue, pour toutes ces raisons, un excellent observatoire de la guerre telle qu’elle fut vécue ici, sorte de sas par lequel la guerre pénètre en une zone de l’arrière moins exposée tout en l’alimentant en retour.
Influence de l’utilisation de formes épicènes et plurielles sur les représentations des élèves de primaire : la question du changement autour des représentations de « scientifiques »
Authors: Ferrière Séverine , Morin-Messabel Christine
Published: April 2020

Cette recherche exploratoire vise à mettre en lumière les effets de langage en contexte scolaire sur les représentations d’élèves d’élémentaire quant à la figure prototypique associée au « scientifique ». Pour cela, huit enseignant·e·s ont proposé à leurs élèves (N = 199) une adaptation du test classique Draw A Scientist, selon quatre conditions de consigne : « dessine un scientifique », « dessine une scientifique », « dessine une personne scientifique » et « dessine des personnes scientifiques ». L’analyse des dessins met en évidence une persistance des représentations du « scientifique » comme un homme chimiste, souriant, en blouse et avec des lunettes chez les élèves. Par ailleurs, on observe un système - de la part des garçons dans toutes les conditions et une tendance pour les filles à plus de mixité en situation de consigne sous forme épicène et plurielle. Ces résultats illustrent la prégnance des images véhiculées sur les représentations des enfants et vont dans le sens d’une réflexion en contexte éducatif sur l’évolution des images associées à la science et aux scientifiques. Ils questionnent l’importance des modèles d’identification, mais aussi l’usage des formes épicènes et non discriminantes au niveau langagier comme éléments de changement.
S’Orienter : un programme pour transformer les représentations sexospécifiques d’élèves sur les métiers et les professions
Authors: Dionne Patricia , Simard Amélie , Bourdon Sylvain
Published: April 2020

Cet article porte sur l’implantation et les retombées du programme de groupe S’Orienter, visant à transformer les représentations sexospécifiques d’élèves du secondaire sur les métiers et les professions, représentations qui, en limitant les aspirations professionnelles, peuvent influencer l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Les analyses, menées dans une perspective culturelle historique de l’activité, ont permis de dégager que la participation au programme S’Orienter – notamment par les débats introduits autour de représentations sexospécifiques – soutient chez les élèves le développement d’un rapport plus conscient à ces représentations et à la façon dont elles peuvent affecter leurs choix éducatifs et professionnels.
Views of Preservice Primary School Teachers’ on Inclusion and Differentiated Science Experiments
Authors: Mertoğlu Hatice
Published: April 2020

Today, individuals with special needs who are reported to increase each day are receiving education with their peers in general classes and are subjected to inclusive practices according to the developments in the field of special education and legal regulations. However, it is also reported that there are problems with special education in many countries. The goal of this study is to reveal the views of pre-service primary school teachers on inclusive education and science laboratory lesson taught with differentiated approach and contribute to the solution of problems in inclusive education to some extent. Study sample comprise 103 pre-service primary school teachers studying at the 2nd grade of a state university in İstanbul in 2017-2018 academic period. Quantitative data of the study carried out with pretest-post test control group random quasi-experimental pattern were published by Mertoğlu, Topçu in 2020 and only qualitative data are used in this study. Condition of inclusive students in the experiment group was mentioned only as an individual difference and science laboratory lesson was taught with differentiated approach for one term. Students in the control group took the science laboratory class according to the normal program. Data obtained with lesson evaluation form, inclusion question form and field notes were evaluated and interpreted with descriptive data analysis method. Research results show that students in both control and experiment group need to take training on inclusive education. It was found that students in experiment group gained an awareness of instructional adaptations while the views of students in control group about instructional adaptations were far from being relevant to inclusive education. Views of students in experiment group show that science lessons taught with differentiated approach contributed to them “to remove their prejudices against science, to learn and teach science”, “remove their prejudices against students with special needs”, “remove their feelings, attitudes and worries about inclusion” and “realize inclusive practices in science education when they become teachers”.
Een einde aan ondermijning
Authors: Boutellier Hans , van Steden Ronald , Eski Yarin , Boelens Mauro
Published: April 2020

An end to undermining – On the rise and effect of a new security strategy

Undermining has become a buzz-word in Dutch politics and security governance. On national and local level there is great concern about the disappearing lines between the legal and illegal world, which affects the democratic order and rule of law in the Netherlands. Hence, everything possible should be done in order to combat the creeping threat of undermining. However, what is undermining actually? And why has the concept become so popular now? In this contribution, the authors will consider those and other relevant key questions about the rise and effect of the undermining concept to provide more conceptual clarity. By critically reflecting on undermining as a speech act, that is ‘underminization’ (cf. securitization), and based on empirical research, the authors suggest that there are two discourses at work that hinder the effectivity of the concept: one is specifically focused on the drugs industry with its illegal activities and one broadens the concept into unlawful and undesired developments that interfere with societal stability. The authors conclude that the concept of undermining may mobilize at policy level, yet seems to paralyze at operational level.
Effectiveness of Sexual Skills Training with an Eclectic Approach for Improving Sexual Function in Iranian Women
Authors: Giahi Yazdi Mehrnoush , Sedrpoushan Najmeh , Dastjerdi Ghasem , Sorbi Mohammad Hosein , Sepehri Fariba
Published: April 2020

Background: Having a proper sexual function is one of the most important factors in improving marital life quality and family relationships in married people. There are a few appropriate interventions for developing the quality of sexuality in the life of married women in Iran. Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sexual skills training with an eclectic approach in sexual function in Iranian women. Methods: This study was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial conducted from April to September 2015 on 30 women referring to counseling centers of Yazd selected with the purposeful sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups of 15. The experimental group received sexual skills training in nine sessions of 90 min (two sessions per week) but the control group remained on the waiting list. The data were collected before the intervention and five weeks afterward using a demographic form and Female Sexual Function index (FSFI-19). We used SPSS-21 to analyze data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the P = 0.05 level. Results: The results showed that sexual skills training with an eclectic approach significantly increased sexual function and its subscales such as sexual desire and stimulation compared to the control group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in lubrication and orgasm subscales. Conclusions: It can be deduced that sexual skills training has an effective role in promoting sexual function in married women. Thus, this cost-effective therapy can be used to increase the sexual quality of women.
Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger
Authors: Dular Nicole ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

Much work in moral epistemology is devoted to explaining apparent asymmetries between moral and non-moral epistemology. These asymmetries include testimony, expertise, and disagreement. Surprisingly, these asymmetries have been addressed in isolation from each other, and the explanations offered have been piecemeal, rather than holistic. In this paper, I provide the only unified account on offer of these asymmetries. According to this unified account, moral beliefs typically have a higher epistemic standard than non-moral beliefs. This means, roughly, that it is typically more difficult for agents to receive the relevant positive epistemic credit (e.g. knowledge) for moral beliefs than for non-moral beliefs. After presenting this account, I consider two alternative unified accounts. According to the first alternative, moral matters are more cognitively demanding; according to the second, moral beliefs have more defeaters. I argue that neither of these alternative accounts succeed, and that my higher standards account is the best unified explanation.
Stakes-Shifting Cases Reconsidered—What Shifts?
Authors: Lee Kok Yong ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

It is widely accepted that our initial intuitions regarding knowledge attributions in stakes-shifting cases (e.g., Cohen’s Airport) are best explained by standards variantism, the view that the standards for knowledge may vary with contexts in an epistemically interesting way. Against standards variantism, I argue that no prominent account of the standards for knowledge can explain our intuitions regarding stakes-shifting cases. I argue that the only way to preserve our initial intuitions regarding such cases is to endorse position variantism, the view that one’s epistemic position may vary with contexts in an epistemically interesting way. Some had argued that epistemic position is incompatible with intellectualism. In reply, I point out that position variantism and intellectualism are compatible, if one’s truth-relevant factors with respect to p can vary with contexts in an epistemically interesting way.
A unique weak solution for a kind of coupled system of fractional Schrödinger equations
Authors: Abdolrazaghi Fatemeh , Razani Abdolrahman
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we prove the existence of a unique weak solution for a class of fractional systems of Schrödinger equations by using the Minty-Browder theorem in the Cartesian space. To this aim, we need to impose some growth conditions to control the source functions with respect to dependent variables.
A note on bipartite graphs whose [1,k]-domination number equal to their number of vertices
Authors: Ghareghani Narges , Peterin Iztok , Sharifani Pouyeh
Published: April 2020

A subset \(D\) of the vertex set \(V\) of a graph \(G\) is called an \([1,k]\)-dominating set if every vertex from \(V-D\) is adjacent to at least one vertex and at most \(k\) vertices of \(D\). A \([1,k]\)-dominating set with the minimum number of vertices is called a \(\gamma_{[1,k]}\)-set and the number of its vertices is the \([1,k]\)-domination number \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)\) of \(G\). In this short note we show that the decision problem whether \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)=n\) is an \(NP\)-hard problem, even for bipartite graphs. Also, a simple construction of a bipartite graph \(G\) of order \(n\) satisfying \(\gamma_{[1,k]}(G)=n\) is given for every integer \(n \geq (k+1)(2k+3)\).
Application of a New Information Priority Accumulated Grey Model with Simpson to Forecast Carbon Dioxide Emission
Authors: Xiang Xiwang , Cai Yubin , Xie Shuchuan
Published: April 2020

Climate warming is a hot topic of common concern all over the world and it has had a significant impact on climate, oceans and human life. The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has become a significant factor in climate warming. In recent years, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been mostly anthropogenic emissions. Accurate forecasting of carbon dioxide emissions will effectively propose solutions to the problem of global warming and then improve the environment in which we live. In our work, first of all, we use the new information priority accumulation method to optimize the weight of the new information in the prediction. Then we use the numerical integration method to optimize the background value of the grey model to achieve more accurate forecast. Application case results show that our proposed model is superior to other grey models in predicting carbon dioxide emission in India and Bangladesh.
Non-pharmacological Management of Procedural Pain in Children: Health Worker’s Approach at a Tertiary Health Facility, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eke G. K. , Ide L. E. Yaguo
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Pain is one of the most recurrent complaints obtainable in paediatric settings especially while carrying out procedures. The emergency section is a very tasking place for children. Hence it is important for health care workers to follow a child focussed or individual methods in their assessment and management of pain and painful procedures.

Aim: To determine health workers’ approach towards non-pharmacological management of procedural pain in children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). 

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2019 and January 2020. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to retrieve information on biodata, knowledge and practice of non -pharmacological management of procedural pain in children. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.

Results: Respondents in this study included 25(24.8%) physicians and 61(60.4%) nurses. Forty-four respondents (43.5%) had more than 10 years’ work experience. Self-development 59 (58.4%) was the most common source of knowledge of paediatric pain management. Fourteen (13.9%) respondents knew the appropriate time of applying non-pharmacological measures of which distraction was the most common strategy mentioned (n=85, 84.2%) and used (36%). Nurses were significantly more knowledgeable about non-pharmacological methods of pain management in children (p= .000).

Conclusion: There are gaps in knowledge and practice of clinicians concerning use of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of procedural pain in children. Development of a standard protocol would be an asset. There is need for necessary tools, and institutional commitment to adequate pain relief for children in our institution.
Comparative Study of Diode Laser versus Diathermy in Soft Tissue Surgical Procedures of Oral Cavity
Authors: Patil Chaitra , Srinath Narasimhamurthy , DN Umashankar , Kumar Mahesh
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate wound healing and patient’s comfort after oral soft tissue surgical procedures performed by diode laser in comparison with diathermy.

Methods: This study includes 20 patients requiring oral soft tissue surgical procedures are randomly categorized into group A and group B of 10 patients each. Group A patients will undergo diathermy and group B patients will undergo laser therapy. Clinical assessment and photographs of patients will be done preoperatively and postoperatively on 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, 2nd    week and 4th week. Evaluation of postoperative bleeding, pain, infection and healing will be carried out.

Results: At the end of the study the assessment of parameters such as bleeding, swelling, wound healing, presence of infection were approximately similar in both the treatment methods to be insignificant, 70% of the patients included in this study under the laser group were very satisfied with the procedure & the pain experience by the patients in the same group was comparatively less, when compared to the diathermy group.

Conclusion: The observations suggest that both the treatment options were effective although laser proves better in terms of minimal bleeding, pain, reduced swelling, faster healing and patient’s comfort. Further research and a longer follow up period is desirable for a definitive conclusion.
Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in 0.25 M H2SO4 Using Tetracarpidium conophorum Shell Extract
Authors: Ngobiri N. C. , Kikanme K. N.
Published: April 2020

The capacity of aqueous Tetracarpidium conophorum Shell (TCE) Extract to inhibit pipeline steel corrosion in 0.25 M H2SO4 acid was investigated using weight loss and Uv-visible spectroscopy techniques. The phytochemical components of Tetracarpidium conophorum were identified using GC-MS analysis. The results obtained shows that aqueous Tetracarpidium conophorum shell extract decreased the corrosion rate, while the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with increase in exatract concentration. The Uv-visible spectra indicated a chemical interaction between the TCE molecules and atoms of Iron on the pipeline steel surface, while GC-MS analysis showed the presence of organic compounds with hetero-atoms for adsorption on the steel surface.
Multi‐network logistic matrix factorization for metabolite–disease interaction prediction
Authors: Ma Yingjun , He Tingting , Jiang Xingpeng
Published: April 2020

Identifying disease‐related metabolites is of great significance for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease. In this study, we propose a novel computational model of multiple‐network logistic matrix factorization (MN‐LMF) for predicting metabolite–disease interactions, which is especially relevant for new diseases and new metabolites. First, MN‐LMF builds disease (or metabolite) similarity network by integrating heterogeneous omics data. Second, it combines these similarities with known metabolite–disease interaction networks, using modified logistic matrix factorization to predict potential metabolite–disease interactions. Experimental results show that MN‐LMF accurately predicts metabolite–disease interactions, and outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Moreover, case studies also demonstrated the effectiveness of the model to infer unknown metabolite–disease interactions for novel diseases without any known associations.
Pre‐analytical factors affecting the establishment of a single tube assay for multiparameter liquid biopsy detection in melanoma patients
Authors: Schneegans Svenja , Lück Lelia , Besler Katharina , Bluhm Leonie , Stadler Julia‐Christina , Staub Janina , Greinert Rüdiger , Volkmer Beate , Kubista Mikael , Gebhardt Christoffer , Sartori Alexander , Irwin Darryl , Serkkola Elina , af Hällström Taija , Lianidou Evi , Sprenger‐Haussels Markus , Hussong Melanie , Mohr Peter , Schneider Stefan W. , Shaffer Jonathan , Pantel Klaus , Wikman Harriet
Published: April 2020

The combination of liquid biomarkers from a single blood tube can provide more comprehensive information on tumor development and progression in cancer patients compared to single analysis. Here, we evaluated whether a combined analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and circulating cell‐free microRNA (miRNA) in total plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV) from the same blood sample is feasible and how the results are influenced by the choice of different blood tubes. Peripheral blood from 20 stage IV melanoma patients and five healthy donors (HD) was collected in EDTA, Streck, and Transfix tubes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction was used for CTC analysis, whereas plasma and EV fractions were used for ctDNA mutation and miRNA analysis. Mutations in cell‐free circulating DNA were detected in 67% of patients, with no significant difference between the tubes. CTC was detected in only EDTA blood and only in 15% of patients. miRNA NGS (next‐generation sequencing) results were highly influenced by the collection tubes and could only be performed from EDTA and Streck tubes due to hemolysis in Transfix tubes. No overlap of significantly differentially expressed miRNA (patients versus HD) could be found between the tubes in total plasma, whereas eight miRNA were commonly differentially regulated in the EV fraction. In summary, high‐quality CTCs, ctDNA, and miRNA data from a single blood tube can be obtained. However, the choice of blood collection tubes is a critical pre‐analytical variable.
Realizing Cancer Precision Medicine by Integrating Systems Biology and Nanomaterial Engineering
Authors: Joo Jae Il , Choi Minsoo , Jang Seong‐Hoon , Choi Sea , Park Sang‐Min , Shin Dongkwan , Cho Kwang‐Hyun
Published: April 2020

Many clinical trials for cancer precision medicine have yielded unsatisfactory results due to challenges such as drug resistance and low efficacy. Drug resistance is often caused by the complex compensatory regulation within the biomolecular network in a cancer cell. Recently, systems biological studies have modeled and simulated such complex networks to unravel the hidden mechanisms of drug resistance and identify promising new drug targets or combinatorial or sequential treatments for overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs. However, many of the identified targets or treatments present major difficulties for drug development and clinical application. Nanocarriers represent a path forward for developing therapies with these “undruggable” targets or those that require precise combinatorial or sequential application, for which conventional drug delivery mechanisms are unsuitable. Conversely, a challenge in nanomedicine has been low efficacy due to heterogeneity of cancers in patients. This problem can also be resolved through systems biological approaches by identifying personalized targets for individual patients or promoting the drug responses. Therefore, integration of systems biology and nanomaterial engineering will enable the clinical application of cancer precision medicine to overcome both drug resistance of conventional treatments and low efficacy of nanomedicine due to patient heterogeneity.
Synthesis of Amides‐Functionalized POPs‐Supported Nano‐Pd Catalysts for Phosphine Ligand‐Free Heterogeneous Hydroaminocarbonylation of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Hongli , Yuan Hangkong , Wang Xinzhi , Zhao Jian , Wei Dongcheng , Shi Feng
Published: April 2020

Development of an approach for synthesis of efficient heterogeneous catalyst toward carbonylation reaction remains a challenge. Herein, we report our results of design and precise synthesis of amide‐functionalized porous organic polymers (POPs) supported nano‐Pd, and its applying in the first example of heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes under phosphine ligand‐free conditions. A wide range of terminal alkynes and amines with various functional groups are smoothly converted into the corresponding branchedα,β‐unsaturated amides in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity. The good catalytic performance of amides‐functionalized POPs supported nano‐Pd catalyst should be attributed to fine regulation of the catalytically active sites of the heterogeneous catalyst at the molecular level. The present study provided meaningful insights to design heterogeneous catalysts for phosphine ligand‐free carbonylation reaction.

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Manipulating Molecular Structure and Morphology to Invoke High‐Performance Sodium Storage of Copper Phosphide
Authors: Hu Zhe , Liu Qiannan , Lai Weihong , Gu Qinfen , Li Lin , Chen Mingzhe , Wang Wanlin , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Yong , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: April 2020

Copper is used as current collector in rechargeable ion batteries due to its outstanding electronic conductivity and low cost. The intrinsic inactivity of copper, however, makes it a poor candidate for an electrode material without further structural modification. To fully utilize its high electronic conductivity, herein, the incorporation of heterogeneous phosphorus combined with building a unique 3D hollow structure is proposed. The as‐prepared copper phosphide hollow nanocubes deliver a stable capacity of 325 mAh·g−1 at 50 mA·g−1 and fast charging and discharging via pseudocapacitance behavior. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergetic effects of high electronic conductivity of copper and the high sodium storage capability of phosphorus. In addition, this facile synthesis method is also easily scaled up for practical applications. Thus, copper phosphide is a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries.