bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wybrane aktywizujące metody nauczania w pracy z uczniem na przykładzie lekcji podstaw przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Nyga Elżbieta Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

The subject of entrepreneurship needs an affective attitude of a teacher who: - besides he or she has got great knowledge about the subject he/she is at the same time careful about good and achievements of his or her students, - he or she has got knowledge about the teaching - learning process, - he or she knows different methods and ways of working. This kind of the teacher is a reflective and experienced person. He knows not only „what?” should be taught but also „how?” and „why?”.This teacher accepts behaviours that are described by Schoen, and he aims at the professional perfection. He thinks teaching of Entrepreneurship is a permanent process which is connected with him and his students. During every stage of learning process, teacher plays the roles: an organizer of a teaching process, a tutor, a carer, and an adviser who helps students to find new ways of a personal development. /diagram 1/ The teacher has to assume the teaching aims which come up to requirements of educational and examination standards. It is explained in a the diagram 2. The article does not deal with teaching in a comprehensive way. It is only a focus on methods and techniques of work with a student while using a script „Etyka i korupcja w biznesie” (Ethics and Corruption in Business). The methods and techniques are based on NLP- neuro-linguistic programming of student’s work. It is based on teaching by experience that is D. Kolb’s cycle. You will understand better both issues if you look at diagram 3 and 4. The most important for understanding the essence of the teaching by experience is acquainting readers with teacher, s and learner, s duties (diagram 5 and 6). On the next pages of the article there are some practical hints about using active student methods: brainstorming, map of thoughts, importance hierarchy triangle, fish skeleton, panel discussion. If you illustrate and schematically show the teacher above methods it will be easier for him to select them with a syllabus and lesson organization. At the end of the article there is an outline of a two-hour lesson. During the lesson, students will be able to acquire skills of distinction some different basic ideas and ethical and unethical behaviours in business. Learners will know laws and institutions that protect a society from corruption and corrupting. The outline shows not only the order of the lesson, but describes in details the teacher, s and students,  behaviours. For every operation we weed specified time. It suggests the sources of information that can be useful while we are executing the syllabus during the lesson. There are presumable learner, s achievements after the lesson. There is a game Bingo titled „Are You Contaminated by Corruption?” in the enclosure.
Rola szkolnictwa wyższego w podnoszeniu jakości kapitału ludzkiego
Authors: Borowiec Monika
Published: February 2021

The foundation of competitiveness in present economies becomes innovations that determi-ne the development of knowledge based economy. First of all, the innovations are generated bythe academic centers. During the process of formation of information society, knowledge andscience become essential factors leading to the improvement of the intellectual potential ofsocieties, which influences on the competitiveness of national and regional systems. The development of scientific and educational functions makes possible to improve it thanks to theintellectual resources. The development of higher educational systems should be an essentialelement of formation the regional development poles and increase of the competitiveness of theregional system. The aim of conducted research was to determine the range of the territorialinfluence of PWSZ located in Jaros³aw. The author underlines the role of educational system inthe development of the Podkarpackie Province.
Wizerunek osobowościowy współczesnego menedżera w przedsiębiorstwie
Authors: Żukowski Paweł
Published: February 2021

To succeed in a global and integrated economy, various organizations  especially in business  need the efficient management and be able to cooperate with a lot of institutions; alsothey need to fulfill expectation of their partners and customers as well as carefully study theactivities of their competitors. Additional complication and difficulties for the company management result from continuous changes in above conditions and expectations that sometimes areeven contradicted. Requirements for the modern managers are multidimensional and strict. Sothe article emphasizes a typology of managers and their personal attributes. These attributes aswell as a knowledge and skills and an intellectual mastery show whether manager is able tocommunicate with people and properly react  all of these traits fundamentally affect companysuccess. If you look for competent and efficient manager long questionnaires with variouspersonal and managerial attributes are not enough; also high ethical level is essential. Onlythese managers reach real success who besides having the knowledge, the skills, the courage,and the experience they are also honest and solid; and respected moral values direct their works.
Osobowość, motywacja, przedsiębiorstwo rodzinne. Wybrane aspekty przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Paszko-Janowska Anita
Published: February 2021

Poland has short experience in the free market economy. We have just been learning to taking the matters in our own hands” to face new reality. One of the problems we face at the beginning of the way to market economy is enterprise. We have to dare begin something new”. The question is: Does a personality, safety and motivation have influence on enterprise? Is establishing family business a necessary evil or a mean of manage new reality? Can you make enterprise fashionable and what does depend on us?. There are no simple answers to those questions. The subjects touched in this article indicate certain question of enterprise that is worth observing.
Wpływ innowacyjności na efektywność współczesnych przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Rejman Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The term of innovation is a supplement to such fields as economics, psychology and marketing. There is a conviction among scientists that structuralized innovation is institutionalization and sanctioning in the organizing structure which is constantly tending to offer purchasers new and “better products”. It is also thought that innovation is a creation of a new and valuable phenomenon on the assumption a certain level of personal financial and social risk, but also with an assumption financial compensation or satisfaction. The main problem with introducing research in an enterprise is an existing gap between the stage of research and using commercial projects. This gap should be filled and this is the task of the firms that specialize in supporting the development. In our times innovation is an indispensable element of the activity of all enterprises in the area of competitiveness. A lot of academic publications have been adressed to this issue, the present article is a reference to the discussion on this problem.
Elektroniczne wspieranie przedsiębiorczości. Wyniki badań empirycznych
Authors: Pichur Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The article highlights the catalyst role of technology and on-line services and their impact on entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the Internet with its content is a powerful medium to provide the business development services needed by entrepreneurs (research networking, education/training). So far the Internet seems to be helpful, low-cost medium of communication that allows providers of support services to inform or to restitute that kind of services. The article presents an exploratory study of on-line business support services in Poland and first experience of on-line training
Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w małych warsztatach samochodowych
Authors: Janczewski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

The most important organizational and technical conditions for the development of the enterprise in small car workshops are presented in the report. Small workshops belong to the numerous group of small enterprises. In the literature of SMEs they are called the „smithy of the entrepreneurship” and make up their synonym. Small workshops are already considerably rooted in the environment of the market economy. Some of them were founded in the times of PRL, and possessed rich experiences. They have learned to perfectly minimalize the costs of their businesses.  After the access to EU favorable conditions for the development of the enterprise in small car workshops exist in Poland. They are the effect of the demand for used cars from western EU that liberated competitiveness in the auto industry. Numerous conditions are results of weak management and equipment - they are the barriers to technical and financial opportunities. Generally the small workshops apply passive strategies directed to the survival.
Zagadnienia globalizacji i korporacji ponadnarodowych w edukacji przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to define how the issue of entrepreneurship is tackled by authors of textbooks for high, vocational and technical schools. According to presented study, it is possible to observe that the majority of authors of the textbooks on the basics of entrepreneurship raise the issues of globalization and international corporations. Usually the issue of corporations is related to the issue of globalization in the world’s economy - with more or less details in different textbooks. The above mentioned issues can usually be found in the last chapters, which a student can treat as a guideline for what processes will take place in the world’s economy in the future. The awareness of these processes is crucial to students’ education and puts them in competitive position with relation to others who do not realize the full meaning of globalization in the world’s economy. It also allows for making rational decisions and finding one’s place in the developing world.
Techniki multimedialne w nauczaniu podstaw przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Kulikowska Małgorzata , Krasnodębska Bożena
Published: February 2021

The subject presented during the conference is The Multimedia Techniques in the Teaching Basis of Entrepreneurship’. The topic was presented with a case study of multimedia classes titled I Plan Promotional Campaign of My Business’, carried within the educational project „My Student, a Businessman With Rank”. The aim of the summary was to present activating methods of teaching with the use of Information Technology on Base of Enterprise classes. Practical use of multimedia programs and of Internet thematic sites, gives young people a chance to gain the ability to use a computer for searching necessary information. Furthermore it gives an opportunity to search, order and take advantage of information to solve a problem. The paper is an example of good practice in teaching and it confirms thesis, that it is possible to teach and to learn with enjoyment.
A jednak win-win: pragmatyka etyki przedsiębiorczości, czyli nowe spojrzenie na negocjacje
Authors: Dąbrowski Paweł J.
Published: February 2021

All the entrepreneurs have to face the fundamental question: Is the business ethics contraryto the nature? This question is not often asked in academic writings on ethics, but clearly animportant one. The paper attempts to review impact of relations between entrepreneurs and keystakeholders and the business bottom line. The results clearly show that a strategy based onmutually beneficial relations is not only socially desired, but brings also positive financialresults. Relations with suppliers, staff and clients have been particularly closely considered. Ithas been suggested, that research review shall be considered in the teaching of entrepreneur-ship but also by managers, boards and investors.
Problematyka etyki biznesu w edukacji przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Nowak Kazimierz
Published: February 2021

Business activity should be managed in accordance with the moral appraisals and the normsuniversally accepted by given society. Moral appraisals and norms result from the value systemwhich guides peoples behavior. The business ethics task is to define what and why is moraland immoral in economic activity.Every entrepreneur ought to respect common ethical norms to sustain public trust.The principles of ethical practice are: hard work, honesty, perseverance, truthfulness, loyalty,justice, compassion (empathy), respect, trust and goodwill.The aim of business in the free market economy is profits, but human being is of the greatestvalue. Therefore, one should act in a way to gain profits and at the same time treat peoplehumanly not instrumentally, and respect their right to life, health, and dignity.Entrepreneurs on the market do not always use economic freedom in an honest way. Themost common forms of the ethical violation include: dishonest advertising, dumping, creativeaccounting, hiding profits, corruption.Corruption is the most dangerous phenomenon next to unfair competition and tax cheating.According to a ranking released by Transparency International, the level of corruption in stabledemocracies is much lower than in undemocratic countries.Firms undertaking ethical activities gain a desired advantage on the market. For the reasonthe management of such firms often treats business ethics as a tool in competitive struggle.How to combine business with ethics? Ethical view enables us to refer to the human being increation the economic models, and allows formulating the more realistic conception of entrepre-neurial person.
Analiza działań przedsiębiorczych i postrzeganie prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej przez młode pokolenie - wybrane aspekty
Authors: Kosała Małgorzata , Pichur Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

In European Union there has been growing interest in education in the area of entrepreneur-ship. Programs and agendas present the ideas for training in entrepreneurial attitude for groupsof different age. This paper is a contribution to the research on entrepreneurial attitude amongyoung people. The article is based on survey conducted at Cracow University of Economicsamong the third year students who attended to the academic course of entrepreneurship. The ar-ticle synthesizes students opinions, experience and plans for the nearest future. The maininterest of the research is whether the young people already consider being entrepreneur as a pathfor professional career.
Metody badania przedsiębiorczości oparte na rejestrze podmiotów gospodarki narodowej
Authors: Raczyk Andrzej
Published: February 2021

One of the most important problems with examining entrepreneurship at the local level is theavailability and quality of data gathered by public statistics. Registers conducted byadministrative information systems are a potential source of information on the number,structure and spatial distribution of entities of the national economy. The most important roleamong them plays the Country Ofﬁcial Register of Units of the National Economy – REGON(KRUPGN REGON) conducted by Central Statistical Ofﬁce.The analysis of the REGON register is seriously hindered by its overrepresentativeness.Lack of detailed information on the scale of the phenomenon causes problems with interpretationof the obtained results. The basic purpose of conducted research was to verify the completenessof the register of economic entities its up-to-dateness from the point of view of informationthat describe these entities (status, location, number of persons employed). Moreover, it waschecked whether the observed differences between the statistical and the real number ofentities display any generic regularities (in PKD section) or spatial ones. This was obtainedthrough the questionnaire survey of all the existing economic entities and comparison of thegathered data with the REGON register. Due to the scale of the research the analysis wasconducted on the example of a medium-sized town (urban commune of Milicz) in 2006–2007.The analysis has shown a variety of signiﬁcant differences concerning the number ofentities of the national economy as well as their size and type. It also allowed to deﬁne generalcharacteristic features of spatial distribution the real signs of economic activity in the urbanspace. Although the conducted analysis concerned the relatively small settlement unit, itseems that the results obtained form the pattern that is reﬂected on the national scale.
Życie to kaisha. Specyﬁczne rozumienie japońskiej przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Klimek Kaja
Published: February 2021

There are a lot of differences between Western and Japanese work culture. A discussion ofthese differences requires reference to Confucian thinking, for the organization of the kaisha,the Japanese company, is strongly inﬂuenced by Far Eastern ethics, morality and understandingof the law. Culture and tradition are also very important in determining the relations betweensuperiors and subordinates, which are organized in a way that resembles family relations.Personal responsibility, long-term commitment, the signiﬁcance of mutual trust (as opposed towritten contract) are some of the qualities that characterize the Japanese labor market.Collectivism and a culture-bound ease the adaptation to changing conditions and they are alsoimportant for this matter. Strong personal connections between business and bureaucracy, aswell as long-term orientation of business contact, have a decisive role in shaping the wayJapanese companies are organized and run. In 19th century Japan, the slogan of the Meiji Erareformists was "wakon yosai", which can be translated as "Japanese spirit, Western science".At that time, Japanese commerce and industry were reformed as well. However, all thesechanges had to be implemented with respect for the "Japanese ways". The aim of this paper isto describe how these "ways" have formed Japanese entrepreneurship.
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne sieci bankowej w woj. dolnośląskim
Authors: Brezdeń Paweł , Spallek Waldemar
Published: February 2021

In this study, basic processes of changes in the Polish bank system in the period of economictransformation of the country are presented. It focuses on patterns of globalisation in banksector (e.g. the privatization, the inﬂow of foreign investment, the consolidations). It shows thediversity of the main channels for the bank’s products distribution in dolnośląskie voivodeship.Spatial diversity, accessibility and density of bank network (e.g. bank’s branches and ATMs)in counties are presented too. This study also contains information about quasi-bank institutions(e.g. SKOK), which enhance accessibility of the bank’s products in the region. The spatial diversity of the accessibility and the density of bank networks in dolnośląskievoivodeship is connected with the density of population and the urbanisation. In this study, theposition of regional banking against a backgroundof the country is presented.Despite of the dynamic development of the alternative ways of the bank's products distribution,especially the electronic banking (phone-banking, home banking, e-banking), the branch stillplays a signiﬁcant role in Poland. It was proved by the dynamic development of the networks ofmost banks in the country in recent years. This is not a result of economic growth only. Lowerdensity of bank network in Poland comparing to the Western Europe is also very important.
Przemiany struktury rodzajowej mikroprzedsiębiorstw w pow. miechowskim w latach 2001–2006
Authors: Baran Ewa
Published: February 2021

The development of SME (Small Medium Enterprise) is one of the most important factors thatinﬂuence on the economic revival of the rural area. The recent economic revival of MiechowskiCounty points out to the domination of businesses connected with the trade and services. Onthe researched area there were 1302 SMEs that dealt with trade and servicing, whichconstitutes 43.3% of all researched SMEs. What came next on the list were businessesconnected with building industry (428 subjects, which is 14.2% of all researched subjects),transport, storage and communication (400 subjects, 13.1%).
Problemy rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w warunkach integracji europejskiej
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

Increasingly intensified processes of globalization and the connected processes of European integration create new challenges for particular individuals and societies, and also business entities and institutions that are present in various scales of spatial systems. They refer to the rules of progressing process of concentration of capital (business activity) which results in the emergence of larger and larger global corporations. Their activities intensify polarization of global, European, national or regional social, economic and cultural space, and to some extent they lead to their standardization. That is why aspiring to learn complex regularities of changes that happen both in companies, and in particular spatial systems is so crucial during the process of development managing. Thus, it is advised to remember that problems concerning development of businesses, which refer both to the way of managing an enterprise as well as to spatial systems, are of great importance and they are part of current research subjects in the area of theoretical inquiries and within the scope of development of empirical analyses. They lead to more precise cognition of mechanisms and determinants, which in domestic conditions should be used to activate society within the range of developing resourcefulness. A model, which can serve as a pattern to conduct analyses and construct strategies of development of particular categories of companies and their surroundings, with attention paid to the impact of such features as: institutions and members of the EU, markets, economic policy and potential alternatives concerning behaviour of decision-makers of any kind, was proposed in this paper.
Efektywność działania specjalnych stref ekonomicznych, parków naukowo-technologicznych i parków przemysłowych w świetle zapotrzebowania przedsiębiorstw na kadry na przykładzie województwa śląskiego i podkarpackiego
Authors: Czapliński Paweł , Klimczak Piotr
Published: February 2021

The article aims to present the result of surveys and secondary data, which were to identifythe future needs of employers and investors in the work force (specification of the necessaryqualifications and the level of previous experience) in the short term (up to 1 year) in the labormarket in the Silesian and Subcarpathian region.The study found that people entering the labor market (including students) recognize theneed for a greater adaptability to market requirements. Therefore, we may note an increasednumber of people participating in active labor market programs. Unfortunately, the total efficiencyof training in the regions concerned is not very high. Thus, vocational training mustchange its image, although sometimes this process is occurring far too slowly. The third link inthe labor market are the employers who recognize the fact that it is much cheaper to acquire anemployee with a certain level of knowledge and skills. Unfortunately, for some employers apprenticeships,young workers and the entire system of vocational education are seen as a wayto attract cheap labor. Yet the developing process of globalization, the stage of advancement ofthe socio – economic as well as the dynamics of the economy itself that stimulate the demand for skills and jobs are constantly changing. The most desirable professions in the Polish andEuropean labor market concern the services sector including, in particular trade. Other jobsare and will be linked, on the one hand, with simple operations such as cleaning and, on theother hand, with the scientific professions. Of course, the demand for certain professions willhave strong regional circumstances related to the economic base of the region as well as thedemographic structure. Hence it is difficult to make a single list of deficit jobs for Poland. It isworth noting that the market demand for certain skills and occupations is and will be unstable,so any training must take place in the system of pull (suction).
Rozwój przedsiębiorczości urzędów samorządowych w procesie kształtowania praktyk antykorupcyjnych
Authors: Pytko Barbara
Published: February 2021

The intensified development of Polish Public Local Administration shows a deficiency in monitoring public service ethics. Many offices fail to find a link between the development of entrepreneurial skills and good ethics, a situation which can lead to corruption and malpractice.Local administration offices have ambitious plans and adapt new methods to assess their activity. From unproductive bureaucratic structures, new more modern organizations are appearing. Clearly, this fact is optimistic.From time to time cases of public service employees’ corruption occur. These often take place in offices with ISO 9001 standard implemented certified quality management system.In the paper presented above a review of principles has been conducted in order to show how public service workers should behave in their administrative practice.Pioneering practices such as: ethical procedure, code accreditation, ethical objectives, ethical auditing, anticorruption systems and training courses have also been indicated.The above mentioned practices are presently in the process of being introduced.
Gospodarka agroturystyczna – aspekty ekonomiczne i zarządcze
Authors: Feczko Janusz
Published: February 2021

Through lack of agritourism realistic knowledge are important present and future original research by Association of Tourism, Hotel and Gastronomy Education and Research, in the economic and management fields. Świętokrzyskie (Poland) region to has ready tourism potential. It is needed the creative development of agritourism farms management. The goverumental and territorial administration, and the other organization support has to be optimized.
Europejskie połączenia lotnicze głównych regionów turystycznych Azji Południowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Rettinger Renata , Staszak Piotr
Published: February 2021

Transport plays a key role in satisfying the needs associated with tourist activity, both in regard to actually reaching one’s destination as well as in regard to local transport in the area visited. East Asia and the Pacific is the most dynamically developing market of inbound tourism in the world. Between 2000–2008, international tourist arrivals increased by 67.2% (74 mln). The sub­region of Southeast Asia was visited by 70.9% (36.1 mln) more tourists than 8 years before. Malaysia is the most frequently visited country in the region, with 22.1 mln international arrivals in 2008, compared to 14.6 mln in Thailand and 7.8 mln in Singapore. Thailand has the largest influx of tourists followed by Malaysia. It is predicted that the importance of tourism in the region will continue to grow in the future. The percentage of international tourist arrivals to East Asia and the Pacific will have increased to 25% by 2020. The key factor in the region is its accessibility as regards transport links, a factor which explains the rapid development of its airports, including the largest ones of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The present flight schedule (winter season 2009) has 338 connections between those cities and Europe, mostly from Bangkok (177). Singapore has 113 connections weekly with Europe while Kuala Lumpur only 48. None of these airports has regular connections with Polish airports except charter flights operated by Air Italy from Warsaw to Bangkok and connections under code share agreements.
Wykorzystanie swobód wspólnego rynku Unii Europejskiej przez młodych Polaków
Authors: Sowislok Krystian
Published: February 2021

The internal market of the EU comprises an area with no internal borders, in which a free flow of persons, goods, services and capital has been introduced. Among the main aims of creating the common market were: lowering of prices and their turnover, an increase in availability and competitiveness of services and making unrestricted movement within the union possible. This was aimed to enhance living standards among citizens of member states.Polish citizens are now enjoying these freedoms. As a teacher of entrepreneurship, I am interested mainly in entrepreneurship among young people, and in this particular case, in the way they are taking advantage of the opportunities created by Poland’s accession to the EU. In order to become better acquainted with the opinions of young Poles’ on the above mentioned topics, a survey was conducted among my secondary school students. As a result, I learned about the plans of secondary school final year students concerning further education or the search for employment, including the possibility of finding work abroad. Similar research was conducted in 2006 and 2007, presenting the opportunity to compare the results. The most im­portant conclusions resulting from the comparison are the following: the students are closely following the economic situation of Poland and the EU, and are adapting their plans according to the changes currently taking place.
Upadłość jako naturalny regulator konkurencji i przedsiębiorczości w gospodarce rynkowej na przykładzie gospodarki polskiej
Authors: Tokarski Andrzej
Published: February 2021

In the market economy you are never sure that your business will succeed. The is why thebankruptcy phenomenon activity is in a way, a natural regulator in an economic system whichresults in disappearance of enterprises being ineffective and unable to complete successfully.
Rola i zasadność społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w warunkach integracji europejskiej
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

The author of this article describes and analyses the problem of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilityand also Sustainable Development) as a strategy to run a business. The main problemconcerns the possibilities of working out an agreement in order to recognize the commonvalues shared by key member states of the EU.Despite their different views, the author of this text has the opinion that a good place for anachievement of consensus in this matter is the business arena. It seems probable that businesswill be the most neutral field to achieve harmony in social issues during the European integrationprocess.
Rola przedsiębiorczości w warunkach nasilających się procesów globalizacji
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the issues of role of entrepreneurship development in the conditions of intensifying globalization. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the rules of economic development, types of economic policies, the scale of spatial systems and types of businesses. Against this background, the paper discusses the functions and economic development of small businesses.
Międzynarodowe standardy sprawozdawczości finansowej w procesie harmonizacji i standaryzacji rachunkowości w Polsce
Authors: Tokarski Maciej
Published: February 2021

Accountancy as a science prides in long history and occupies a special place in the contemporary system of economic and management sciences. Progressing process of globalization of economy brings about the need to harmonize the science of accountancy. The creation of international accountancy standards and amendments to Polish Accountancy Law may be perceived as signs of the process. That rule governs any new issues arising from the necessity of drawing closer the accountancy to the developing capital markets. Due to the fact that the degree of accuracy of the regulations in the book-keeping in various countries is different, the endeavour to standardize the accountancy principles in order to harmonize law regulations came into play and has been shown in the article.
Założenia i cele Projektu „Krok w przedsiębiorczość” dla nauczycieli szkół ponadgimnazjalnych
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir , Kilar Wioletta , Rachwał Tomasz
Published: February 2021

This article presents the rationale and purpose of the Project “Step in entrepreneurship” to the secondary school teachers. The main objective of the project is to design and pilot testing of implementation (in Małopolska and Podkarpackie voivodeships) an innovative program of development of entrepreneurial attitudes, IT and mathematics competence in upper secondary schools. The developed training program is based on the concept of creating a virtual company by the students. It is located on the Open Educational Platform created specifically for the Project and the students compete on the virtual market.
Działalność promocyjna gmin w kontekście wspierania przedsiębiorczości (na przykładzie miasta Tarnobrzeg)
Authors: Buś-Bidas Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The main goal of this article is to present business promotional activities conducted by the local government of Tarnobrzeg town for stimulating internal and external investors to initiate and develop business undertakings in the municipality. The situation in Tarnobrzeg is far from satisfactory because there is no enough diversity and frequency in applying the promotional instruments. Furthermore, limited financial funds don’t allow this sort of activity to be sufficiently developed by the local government. A promotional strategy of the town is a chance here to enhance business promotional activities.
Technologia tanich domów energooszczędnych jako odpowiedź na kryzys w budownictwie mieszkaniowym
Authors: Płaziak Monika
Published: February 2021

Na tle kryzysu gospodarczego, ujawniającego się m.in. budownictwie mieszkaniowym oraz rosnących kosztach utrzymania mieszkań, zwłaszcza ze względu na rosnące ceny nośników energii oraz w aspekcie relatywnie niskiego standardu mieszkaniowego w Polsce, omówiono przykład innowacyjnych poszukiwań w zakresie taniego budownictwa. Technologia budowy domów ze spienionego polistyrenu (zwanego neoporem) jest próbą wyjścia naprzeciw zapotrzebowaniu deweloperów i użytkowników na domy tanie w budowie, a jednocześnie zgodne ze współczesnymi trendami, a więc odpowiadające wymogom energooszczędności i pasywności. Jest to przykład nowatorskiego myślenia, opierającego się nie na udoskonalaniu istniejących, lecz na wprowadzaniu nowych metod budowlanych, polegających na wykorzystywaniu materiału, dotychczas używanego w celach izolacyjnych do celów odmiennych – konstrukcyjnych. Omówiona w artykule metoda nie pozostaje pomysłem na papierze, ale znajduje zastosowanie w praktyce; istnieją już realizacje budynków powstałych w tej technologii, których wzniesienie wygenerowało znaczne korzyści w porównaniu z budową domów tradycyjnych. W przyszłości należy spodziewać się większej liczby podobnych przedsięwzięć, zrodzonych z zapotrzebowania na oszczędności w dobie kryzysu, świadczących zarazem o potencjale innowacyjnym polskich środowisk inżynierskich. Oczywiście muszą zostać pokonane pewne bariery mentalne, zwłaszcza dotyczące oporów przed mieszkaniem „w styropianie”, a także wymagana jest pewna elastyczność przyszłych użytkowników domów z neoporu. Zaprezentowane w artykule korzyści płynące z potencjalnego zastosowania nowatorskiej technologii z pewnością zadecydują o jej wdrożeniu. Niebagatelne znaczenie w przyszłości będzie miało wspieranie tego rodzaju inicjatyw przedsiębiorców przez środowiska naukowe i badawczo-rozwojowe, polegające głównie na ocenie i testowaniu nowych materiałów oraz technologii.
Prawno-administracyjne bariery prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej w Polsce w świetle opinii przedsiębiorców oraz raportów Doing Business
Authors: Możyłowski Piotr
Published: February 2021

Jednym z czynników warunkujących konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw i innych podatników oraz niezakłócony przebieg jej rozwoju jest bezpieczeństwo prawne podmiotów prowadzących działalnośćgospodarczą. Wyraża się ono między innymi w zachowaniu wymogu stabilności i spójności opodatkowania. Ustawodawca musi zapewnić podatnikowi możliwość poznania jego uprawnień i obowiązków podatkowych, zanim staną się one obowiązującymi i wymagalnymi. Podmioty objęte podatkiem muszą być pewne, że trwałość obowiązywania prawa podatkowego podlega ochronie, która stanowić będzie jednocześnie ochronę ich interesów. Stąd też wynikać będzie podstawowa zasada stabilności obowiązywania prawa, która odnosi się nie tylko do prawa podatkowego, ale także do innych dziedzin prawa. Przepisy prawa, regulujące uprawnienia i obowiązki, zależne są przede wszystkim od zmieniających się warunków ustrojowych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę wskazania najważniejszych barier prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej wymienianych przez przedsiębiorców, jak i inne instytucje, w tym Bank Światowy. Podjęto zarazem próbę podsumowania ocen, jakie otrzymuje polskie ustawodawstwo podatkowe tak ze strony ekspertów Banku Światowego, jak i – a może przede wszystkim – polskich przedsiębiorców. Coroczne raporty Banku Światowego Doing Business oraz badania ankietowe przedsiębiorców ukazują stan polskiego ustawodawstwaw zakresie opodatkowania, co stanowi doskonałe źródło do wskazania słabych stron systemu podatkowego oraz możliwości jego poprawy. W opracowaniu tym skupiono się w szczególnościna systemie podatkowym jako tym, który może być instrumentem wpływającym pozytywnielub negatywnie na gospodarkę oraz na rozwój przedsiębiorczości.
Aspirations for Higher Education: Evidence from Youth Living in Kenneth Gardens Municipal Housing Estate (Durban)
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen , Mseleku Zethembe
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the obstacles that prevent young people from accessing higher education. Inadequate and unequal access to higher education internationally and in South Africa, in particular, has undermined young people’s potential to contribute to national development. In South Africa, limited access to higher education for the majority remains a major problem. Hence, young people are underdeveloped socially, economically and academically. Thus, lack of educational opportunities relegates young people to the periphery of the mainstream socio-economic development. This paper uses Kenneth Gardens as a case study to interrogate a lack of access to higher education and its implications for youth vulnerability and non-participation in their own development. The research was qualitative in nature. The imperial data were solicited from semi-structured interviews with Kenneth Gardens youth. In addition, participant observation was used as a research instrument. The major findings from the research were the lack of aspirations as one of the major obstacles that hinder youth from accessing higher education, and the research also found that lack of funding, lack of awareness and inability to meet the minimum university entry requirements were underlying factors. Additionally, a lack of career guidance in schools and unemployed graduates were found to be fundamental for poor access to higher education.
Mobile Phone Dependency and Effect on the Academic Lifestyle of Female Students at a University: A Case Study of a University of Technology
Authors: Muntangadura Josephat , Mazarire Barbra
Published: February 2021

Mobile phones are now being used by all members of society, men, women and the children. When members of society use them it affects their lives, thus the research is interested in exploring how mobile phone usage affects the lifestyles of female university students. The study explored the dependency and effect of mobile phone usage among female students at a university of technology. A cross-sectional survey was carried at Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Soshanguve South campus. The study focused on the following objectives: exploring the classification of female university students who own cell phones, establishing the general phenomena influencing the use of mobile phones by female university students at a university of technology and perceived gratification and finally establishing the patterns of mobile phone use by female students and the lifestyle patterns generated thereafter. The study collected data from 100 female students at the institution using a survey. The findings indicated that the main reasons female university students at TUT use a mobile phone are for socialising, sharing academic work and solutions as well as for safety and privacy purposes. The major reason for choice of brand was seen to be usability and price. The respondents showed some signs of addiction to their mobile phones. The findings of this study are beneficial to marketers of mobile phones in Pretoria and the rest of the country; it is also useful to mobile phone developers, universities, parents, and researchers exploring mobile phone adoption and usage pattern in a developing country such as South Africa.
The Immorality Act in Apartheid South Africa: Storying the Legal Architecture under a Racialised Normativity
Authors: Liberty Hove Muchativugwa , Ndlela Philden
Published: February 2021

In this article we explore the paradoxical centrality and marginality of the black male body in the legal, moral and ideological matrix of apartheid. We read the white female body as an imagined index for regulating the black gaze and policing the performative consumption of the same white body. Enclosure and silencing, enacted through the law’s closure on a legal case, is the metaphor that defends apartheid laws’ legitimation of entrapping black male bodies. Policing the white female body against the “lascivious clasps” of an orientalised male Othello becomes an obsession under apartheid, leading to the enactment of the Immorality Act in 1957. Upon arrest by the police, the courtroom contains and twists black male bodies into its tiny caverns and grand-panelled auditoria, with walls built to ensure the painful silencing of already terrorised bodies. Our reading of Can Themba and Lewis Nkosi exhibits the entanglement of a racialised normativity with the legal, ideological and supremacist designs that complemented the architecture of apartheid.
Le tropisme philosophique de Milan Kundera : Le roman à la recherche de la définition perdue
Authors: Wan Jin
Published: February 2021

The Philosophical Tropism of Milan Kundera: The Novel in Search of the lost Definition(Abstract ) The philosophical tropism of Milan Kundera is manifested in particular by his novels in search of lost definition. The creation and the redefinition of concepts in his novels aiming at elucidating the essence show his ambition to " make philosophy in the way of a novelist". We examine his processes in the invention of concepts and the definition of words, as well as the similarity between his works and phenomenology, particularly Merleau-Ponty's approach. Through the metaphoricity of language and the inseparability between definitions and characters in his novels, Kundera revives a missed rendezvous between philosophy and novel. The definition of concept is no longer the privilege of philosopher. By the tireless pursuit of defining "the indefinable", Kundera transforms the novel into a place of phenomenological description and a field of thought experimentation, despite his ambiguity about this rapprochement.
Vacinas e movimentos antivacinação: origens e consequências
Authors: Cardoso Vivian Michele Vieira de Souza , Bianco Elisa , Accordi Natália Quatel , Pimentel Ágata Bruna Neto Maia , Lourenço Fabyolla da Silva , Cressoni Valéria Dulce , Miranda Ana Cristina Felício Rios , Milagres Clarice Santana
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Apresentar um histórico sobre as vacinas, contextos, receios e consequências de não as utilizar e, origens e consequências advindas dos movimentos antivacinação. Revisão bibliográfica: As vacinas são consideradas a melhor forma de prevenção de doenças infecciosas. Contudo, apesar das conquistas obtidas pela vacinação em nível mundial, um movimento contrário à aplicação dos imunobiológicos também surgiu e ganha notoriedade, principalmente após a publicação de resultados associando a vacina da tríplice ao autismo Este movimento, conhecido como movimento antivacinação, cresce continuamente e utiliza de informações chamadas “fake news”, que, impulsionadas, pela ausência de conhecimento fundamentado em estudos científicos sérios sobre os imunobiológicos e seus muitos benefícios, aumentam o potencial de retorno de diversas doenças já controladas pela vacinação. Considerações finais: É notável a importância das vacinas no controle das doenças infeciosas ao longo dos anos, assim como os avanços relacionados aos custos, efetividade, eficácia e segurança dos imunobiológicos. Entretanto, movimentos antivacinação crescem continuamente e trazem consigo riscos ao retorno de doenças já controladas.
Fatty acids and sugar composition of avocado fruit during harvesting time and post-harvest ripening period: a review
Authors: Farina Vittorio
Published: February 2021

In a study of the maturity of avocado fruit it is important to elucidate the lipid metabolism in the fruit during growth and storage, since the avocado stores a large amount of lipids in the edible pulp. Meanwhile the fatty acids may then form fats by combining with glycerol, a sugar metabolism product, and sugar metabolism of the avocado fruit should be considered.
Properties of quantum stochastic walks from the asymptotic scaling exponent
Authors: Domino Krzysztof , Glos Adam , Ostaszewski Mateusz , Pawela Lukasz , Sadowski Przemyslaw
Published: February 2021

This work focuses on the study of quantum stochastic walks, which are a generalization of coherent, \ie unitary quantum walks. Our main goal is to present a measure of a coherence of the walk. To this end, we utilize the asymptotic scaling exponent of the second moment of the walk \ie of the mean squared distance covered by a walk. As the quantum stochastic walk model encompasses both classical random walks and quantum walks, we are interested how the continuous change from one regime to the other influences the asymptotic scaling exponent. Moreover this model allows for behavior which is not found in any of the previously mentioned model -- a model with global dissipation. We derive the probability distribution for the walker, and determine the asymptotic scaling exponent analytically, showing that ballistic regime of the walk is maintained even at large dissipation strength.
Large Scale Profiling of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Identified Potential Therapeutic Host Targets and Drug Candidates for COVID-19
Authors: Jain Sidharth , Rego Samantha , Dakshanamurthy Sivanesan
Published: February 2021

Given the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and rising death toll of COVID-19 in the current absence of effective treatments, it is imperative that therapeutics are developed and made available to patients as quickly as possible. Publicly available COVID-19 patient data can be used to identify host therapeutic targets, tailoring treatments to the disease signatures observed in patients. In this study, we identify potential host therapeutic targets based on gene expression alterations observed in COVID-19 patients. We analyzed RNAseq data from airway samples of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls to detect significantly differentially expressed genes and pathways that present potential therapeutic targets. Our analysis revealed expression changes in key genes involved in activation of immune pathways, as well as genes targeted by SARS-CoV2 to interfere with normal host cell functioning. Critical changes were observed in a number of genes, including EIF2AK2, which was shown to play important roles in activating the interferon response and interfering with host cell translational machinery in SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting a prospective therapeutic target. We also identified drugs with potential to modulate multiple therapeutic targets within the most significant pathways. Our results both validate key genes, pathways, and drug candidates that have been reported by other studies and suggest others that have not been well-characterized and warrant further investigation by future studies. Further investigation of these therapeutic targets and their drug interactions may lead to effective therapeutic strategies to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic and protect against future outbreaks.