bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sonographic software program, Fluctuational Imaging, for diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma
Authors: Imamura Hiroshi , Hata Jiro
Published: March 2022

Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign solid lesion of the liver. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for definitive diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma. However, these modalities have drawbacks in terms of radiation exposure, invasiveness, and high cost for examination. “Fluttering sign” is one of the candidate findings considered specific for hepatic hemangioma that can be useful for diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma using grayscale US alone. However, the assessment is subjective and the findings are weak and likely to be overlooked in some cases. We developed a software program, Fluctuational Imaging, for objective detection and depiction of “fluttering sign”. Here, we evaluated the ability of Fluctuational Imaging software to depict “fluttering sign” in hepatic hemangioma. Presence or absence of “fluttering sign” was evaluated in the grayscale US videos and Fluctuational Imaging software analysis results of patients with hepatic hemangioma. The Cohen’s kappa test showed very good agreement (0.95). Fluctuational Imaging software can detect and depict the phenomenon of “fluttering sign” well and may be a useful tool for diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma.
Muscle wasting assessment tools for prostate cancer
Authors: Espinosa-Marrón Alan , Rubio-Blancas Aquiles , Quiñones-Capistran Christian Aníbal , Camacho-Zamora Anais , Salcedo-Grajales Itzel , Bravo-García Ana Paula , Bourlon Maria T. , Castillejos-Molina Ricardo A. , Dias Julie-Alexia , del Pilar Milke-García María
Published: March 2022

Prostate cancer and its treatment may induce muscle wasting. Body composition and muscle functionality are rarely assessed in patients with prostate cancer from developing countries due to the limited availability of high-quality equipment for routine diagnosis. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between several simplistic techniques for assessing muscle mass and function with a more complex standard of reference for muscle wasting among Mexican men with prostate cancer. Muscle wasting was highly prevalent, yet it was presumably associated with aging rather than cancer and its treatment itself. The restricted availability of specific equipment in clinical settings with technological limitations supports using unsophisticated techniques as surrogate measurements for muscle wasting. The left-arm handgrip dynamometry displayed the highest correlation with the standard of reference and exhibited an acceptable predicted probability for muscle estimation. Combining several simplistic techniques may be preferable. We also developed and internally validated a manageable model that helps to identify elderly patients with prostate cancer at risk of muscle depletion and impairment. These findings promote the early recognition and treatment of muscle wasting alterations occurring among older adults with prostate cancer.
A high-throughput real-time PCR tissue-of-origin test to distinguish blood from lymphoblastoid cell line DNA for (epi)genomic studies
Authors: Hardy Lise M. , Bouyacoub Yosra , Daunay Antoine , Sahbatou Mourad , Baudrin Laura G. , Gressin Laetitia , Touvier Mathilde , Blanché Hélène , Deleuze Jean-François , How-Kit Alexandre
Published: March 2022

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derive from blood infected in vitro by Epstein–Barr virus and were used in several genetic, transcriptomic and epigenomic studies. Although few changes were shown between LCL and blood genotypes (SNPs) validating their use in genetics, more were highlighted for other genomic features and/or in their transcriptome and epigenome. This could render them less appropriate for these studies, notably when blood DNA could still be available. Here we developed a simple, high-throughput and cost-effective real-time PCR approach allowing to distinguish blood from LCL DNA samples based on the presence of EBV relative load and rearranged T-cell receptors γ and β. Our approach was able to achieve 98.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity on DNA of known origin (458 blood and 316 LCL DNA). It was further applied to 1957 DNA samples from the CEPH Aging cohort comprising DNA of uncertain origin, identifying 784 blood and 1016 LCL DNA. A subset of these DNA was further analyzed with an epigenetic clock indicating that DNA extracted from blood should be preferred to LCL for DNA methylation-based age prediction analysis. Our approach could thereby be a powerful tool to ascertain the origin of DNA in old collections prior to (epi)genomic studies.
Assessment of immunogenicity and drug activity in patient sera by flow-induced dispersion analysis
Authors: Pedersen Morten E. , Østergaard Jesper , Glintborg Bente , Hetland Merete L. , Jensen Henrik
Published: March 2022

Biopharmaceuticals have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. These complex entities provide unique advantages like high specificity towards their target. Unfortunately, biopharmaceuticals are also prone to elicit undesired immunogenic responses (immunogenicity), compromising treatment efficacy as well as patient safety due to severe adverse effects including life threatening conditions. Current immunogenicity assays are hampered by immobilization procedures, complicated sample pre-treatment, or rely on cell-based methods which all prevent reliable and continuous monitoring of patients. In this work, we present Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis (FIDA) for assessment of immunogenicity and drug activity in serum samples from arthritis patients receiving adalimumab. FIDA is a first principle technique for size-based characterization of biomolecules and their complexes under biologically relevant conditions. The FIDA methodology rely on an absolute and quantitative readout (hydrodynamic radius) thus reducing the need for positive and negative controls. Here, FIDA is applied for evaluating active adalimumab in serum by studying the interaction with its target tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We report proof of principle for a quantitative approach for stratifying patients exhibiting presence of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies based on their individual drug activity pattern. Further, it can be applied to any biopharmaceutical having soluble drug targets and it holds potential in a companion diagnostics setting.
Forest structure determines nest box use by Central European boreal owls
Authors: Ševčík Richard , Kloubec Bohuslav , Riegert Jan , Šindelář Jiří , Kouba Marek , Zárybnická Markéta
Published: March 2022

Nest boxes represent a popular tool to support secondary cavity-nesting species. Surprisingly, the benefits and limitations of nest boxes for target species in different environments are poorly understood. We performed a 3-years experimental study in two different Central European forests to evaluate nest box use and breeding performance of boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) — a species well known for its readiness to occupy nest boxes. Based on territorial vocalisation, two boreal owl populations 200 km apart were similarly abundant in their environments. However, only the boreal owl population in young restored Norway (Picea abies) and blue (Picea pungens) spruce-dominated forests on mountain plateaus readily occupied nest boxes with the occupancy reaching 8–15%. Nest boxes lost their supporting function for the boreal owl in mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)-dominated forests in the lowland, where the nest box occupancy reached 0–1%. As a result, the population of boreal owls that used nest boxes in the young restored forests produced 10 times more fledglings than the population inhabiting mature Scots pine forests. We explain the differences by the contrasting availability of natural tree cavities between the two study areas being much higher in mature Scots pine forests. For the first time, this study documents differences in nest box use despite similar food availability and population size of the target species. The study provides the findings-related recommendations for deploying nest boxes for boreal owls and points out a general lack of practical guides.
Co-evolution of machine learning and digital technologies to improve monitoring of Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms
Authors: Chandrabhatla Anirudha S. , Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Ksendzovsky Alexander
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments such as tremor, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, and gait abnormalities. Current protocols assess PD symptoms during clinic visits and can be subjective. Patient diaries can help clinicians evaluate at-home symptoms, but can be incomplete or inaccurate. Therefore, researchers have developed in-home automated methods to monitor PD symptoms to enable data-driven PD diagnosis and management. We queried the US National Library of Medicine PubMed database to analyze the progression of the technologies and computational/machine learning methods used to monitor common motor PD symptoms. A sub-set of roughly 12,000 papers was reviewed that best characterized the machine learning and technology timelines that manifested from reviewing the literature. The technology used to monitor PD motor symptoms has advanced significantly in the past five decades. Early monitoring began with in-lab devices such as needle-based EMG, transitioned to in-lab accelerometers/gyroscopes, then to wearable accelerometers/gyroscopes, and finally to phone and mobile & web application-based in-home monitoring. Significant progress has also been made with respect to the use of machine learning algorithms to classify PD patients. Using data from different devices (e.g., video cameras, phone-based accelerometers), researchers have designed neural network and non-neural network-based machine learning algorithms to categorize PD patients across tremor, gait, bradykinesia, and dyskinesia. The five-decade co-evolution of technology and computational techniques used to monitor PD motor symptoms has driven significant progress that is enabling the shift from in-lab/clinic to in-home monitoring of PD symptoms.
Biosynthesis of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupins: mechanistic considerations and prospects for pathway elucidation
Authors: Mancinotti Davide , Frick Karen Michiko , Geu-Flores Fernando
Published: March 2022

This review summarizes the different hypotheses surrounding the biosynthesis of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupins and discusses strategies for gene discovery and pathway elucidation.
Effect of dopamine-functionalization, charge and pH on protein corona formation around TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Siani Paulo , Di Valentin Cristiana
Published: March 2022

Controlling the protein corona formation onto nanomaterials is the “holy grail” of modern nanomedicine. This simulation study clarifies how the surface chemistry, pH, and ionic strength affect the protein corona formation onto decorated nanoparticles.
Visible light triggered controlled formation of rapidly self-healing hydrogels based on thiol–disulfide exchange
Authors: Wang Linlin , Cao Qingchen , Wang Xing , Wu Decheng
Published: March 2022

Biodegradable disulfide-crosslinked hydrogels were constructedviathe visible light triggered thiol–disulfide exchange reaction under mild gelation conditions, and the hydrogel coatings could be rapidly self-healed in 10 min under ambient conditions.
Continuous live cell imaging using dark field microscopy
Authors: Zeng Yang , Cao Rui , Zhu Jie , Zhao Wei , Sun Dan , Zhang Ce
Published: March 2022

The live cell imaging platform based on bright-field microscopy imaging.
Application of the anthraquinone drug rhein as an axial ligand in bifunctional Pt(iv) complexes to obtain antiproliferative agents against human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Gabano Elisabetta , Gariboldi Marzia Bruna , Caron Giulia , Ermondi Giuseppe , Marras Emanuela , Vallaro Maura , Ravera Mauro
Published: March 2022

Pt(iv) antitumor prodrugs containing rhein are cytotoxic and cause reduction in the motility of human glioblastoma cells. Physicochemical and computational studies suggest that the complexes may cross the blood–brain barrier.
Correction: Mo-Doped/Ni-supported ZnIn2S4-wrapped NiMoO4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic reforming of lignin into hydrogen
Authors: Su Hang , Rao Cheng , Zhou Lan , Pang Yuxia , Lou Hongming , Yang Dongjie , Qiu Xueqing
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Mo-Doped/Ni-supported ZnIn2S4-wrapped NiMoO4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic reforming of lignin into hydrogen’ by Hang Su et al., Green Chem., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1gc04397h.
Adhesive lift method for patterning arbitrary-shaped thin ion-selective films in micro/nanofluidic device
Authors: Seo Myungjin , Park Sungmin , Ryu Junghwan , Kim Sung Jae
Published: March 2022

We presented a soft-lithographical nanofabrication method for patterning arbitrary-shaped ion-selective films in micro/nanofluidic device which mostly resembles practical system.
The seven-step, one-pot regioselective synthesis of biologically important 3-aryllawsones: scope and applications
Authors: Krishna Anugam V. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B.
Published: March 2022

3-Aryllawsones are well known for their wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry, but their synthesis has always remained challenging as no comprehensive protocol has been outlined to date.
Evidence by neutron diffraction of molecular compounds in triarylamine tris-amide organogels and in their hybrid thermoreversible gels with PVC
Authors: Guenet J.-M. , Demé B. , Gavat O. , Moulin E. , Giuseppone N.
Published: March 2022

We report on neutron diffraction experiments performed on organogels prepared from triarylamine tris-amide (TATA), as well as on their ternary thermoreversible gels made up with poly[vinyl chloride] (PVC).
Macrostructural Aspects in Oral Narratives in Brazilian Portuguese by Left and Right Hemisphere Stroke Patients With Low Education and Low Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Schneider Fernanda , Marcotte Karine , Brisebois Amélie , Townsend Sabrine Amaral Martins , Smidarle Anderson Dick , Soder Ricardo Bernardi , Marrone Luiz Carlos Porcello , Hübner Lilian Cristine
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Individuals with a stroke in either the left hemisphere (LH) or the right hemisphere (RH) often present macrostructural impairments in narrative abilities. Understanding the potential influence of low education and low socioeconomic status (SES) is critical to a more effective assessment of poststroke language. The first aim was to investigate macrostructural processing in low-education and low-SES individuals with stroke in the LH or RH or without brain damage. The second aim was to verify the relationships between macrolinguistic, neuropsychological, and sociodemographic variables.

Method:

Forty-seven adults with LH (n= 15) or RH (n= 16) chronic ischemic stroke and 16 matched (age, education, and SES) healthy controls produced three oral picture-sequence narratives. The macrostructural aspects analyzed were cohesion, coherence, narrativity, macropropositions, and index of lexical informativeness and were compared among the three groups. Then, exploratory correlations were performed to assess associations between sociodemographic (such as SES), neuropsychological, and macrostructural variables.

Results:

Both the LH and the RH presented impairments in the local macrostructural aspect (cohesion), whereas the RH also presented impairments in more global aspects (global coherence and macropropositions). All five macrostructural variables correlated with each other, with higher correlations with narrativity. Naming was correlated with all macrostructural variables, as well as prestroke reading and writing habits (RWH), showing that higher naming accuracy and higher RWH are associated with better macrostructural skills.

Conclusions:

The present results corroborate the role of the LH in more local processing and that of the RH in more global aspects of discourse. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of investigating discourse processing in healthy and clinical populations of understudied languages such as Brazilian Portuguese, with various levels of education, SES, and RWH.
Intervention Goals for Preschoolers With Language Difficulties and Disorders: A Scoping Review Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework
Authors: Kwok Elaine , Cermak Carly A. , Hatherly Kathryn , Cunningham Barbara Jane
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The primary aim of this scoping review was to categorize language therapy goals reported in intervention studies for preschoolers (i.e., children from birth to 5;0 [years;months]) with language difficulties and disorders within the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. A secondary aim was to determine whether different therapy goals were reported for two language difficulty/disorder subtypes (i.e., comparing language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition to those without an associated biomedical condition).

Method:

The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley (2005) guidelines. Articles were retrieved from speechBITE, with age (under 5 years), intervention area (language), and study design (all but systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines) specified as inclusion criteria. Language goals were extracted and categorized into the ICF components, and the distribution of goals across ICF components was compared for studies involving children with the two language difficulty/disorder subtypes.

Results:

A total of 287 articles were identified; 140 met inclusion criteria. Of the 293 goals extracted, 48% aligned with the activities component of the ICF framework, followed by participation (26%), environmental factors (20%), body functions and structures (3%), and personal factors (3%). Most participation-focused goals were reported from intervention studies involving preschoolers with a language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition.

Conclusions:

Few participation-focused goals were reported in intervention studies for preschoolers with language difficulty/disorder without an associated condition. Future work is needed to support integrating the ICF framework in goal setting for both research and practice.
Vocabulary Growth in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants, Bimodal Stimulation, or Unilateral Cochlear Implants During the First Year After Activation
Authors: Xu Lei , Luo Jianfen , Wang Min , Xie Dianzhao , Chao Xiuhua , Li Jinming , Liu Xianqi , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Guo Ling-Yu
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs), bimodal stimulation (CI plus hearing aids [HAs]), or unilateral CIs during the first year after CI activation.

Method:

Participants included 23 children with simultaneous bilateral CIs, 23 children with bimodal stimulation, and 15 children with unilateral CIs. They all received CIs before 30 months of age. Parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the
Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese
at the day of CI activation and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI activation. Receptive and expressive vocabulary sizes were computed.

Results:

Growth curve analysis revealed that children with simultaneous bilateral CIs demonstrated faster growth of receptive vocabulary than those with bimodal stimulation, followed by those with unilateral CIs. Moreover, children with simultaneous bilateral CIs reached the 100-word mark for receptive vocabulary earlier than children with bimodal stimulation, followed by those with unilateral CIs. There were no significant differences among the three groups in expressive vocabulary.

Conclusions:

Bilateral CIs have an advantage over bimodal stimulation in early receptive vocabulary development in Mandarin, a tone language. HA usage is still recommended for those who receive one CI.
Prologue to the Forum: Speech and Language Tele-Intervention: The Future Is Now
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , McGill Megann
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This prologue introduces the
LSHSS
Forum: Speech and Language Tele-Intervention: The Future Is Now. The aims of the forum are (a) to report on the process of moving established in-person interventions to virtual delivery and (b) to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with empirically based guidance on designing and implementing tele-interventions, in order to support academic success for school-age children with speech and language needs. The included articles explore the process, benefits, and challenges of providing intervention in speech, language, and literacy domains in a virtual environment with children.

Conclusion:

Although there are some logistical challenges, established treatments such as those targeting morphosyntax as well as communication partner training can be adapted for successful delivery online. In addition, the forum supports the delivery of an app-based articulation-focused intervention. SLPs report a number of challenges in relation to adapting and delivering interventions through telepractice, and parents express concerns in relation to SLPs' online evaluation of complex speech sound difficulties for children born with cleft lip and palate. Finally, using the principles of Minimal Intervention Needed for Change, a systematic approach to the adaptation of evidence-based interventions for online delivery, is outlined.
Near‐ground propagation in automotive radar and communication obstructed deployments: Measurements and modelling
Authors: Solomitckii Dmitrii , Semkin Vasilii , Turunen Matias , Allén Markus , Valkama Mikko
Published: March 2022

Wireless communication and radars will play a crucial role for autonomous vehicles in the nearest future. However, the blockage caused by surrounding cars can degrade communication performance, while automotive radars are never aimed to operate in such conditions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose the concept of near‐ground propagation, reducing the blockage effect in the road traffic conditions. Specifically, the radio waves may freely propagate under the blocking car's bottom if the antennas are placed as low as possible to the road. Based on the measured and modelled results presented in the paper, it may be claimed that near‐ground communication and radar sensing are feasible and may combat even heavily obstructed cases. Nevertheless, some challenges associated with antenna locations were encountered. For example, it was discovered that antenna height at 0.5 m acts less effectively against blockage than at 0.3 m. Next, the 27 dB excess loss at the 0.5 m antenna height in the radar deployment is larger than 17 dB at 0.3 m. In its turn, the higher ground clearance of the blocking vehicle positively affects the near‐ground performance. Additionally, the signal propagation at the grazing angle crucially reduces the relevant losses.
SOLIS
Authors: Bianchi E. , Ceccarelli C. , Codella C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Yamamoto S. , Balucani N. , Caselli P. , Podio L. , Neri R. , Bachiller R. , Favre C. , Fontani F. , Lefloch B. , Sakai N. , Segura-Cox D.
Published: March 2022

Context.Deuteration is a precious tool for investigating the origin and formation routes of interstellar complex organic molecules in the different stages of the star formation process. Methyl cyanide (CH3CN) is one of the most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs); it is of particular interest because it is among the very few iCOMs detected not only around protostars but also in protoplanetary disks. However, its formation pathways are not well known and only a few measurements of its deuterated isotopologue (CH2DCN) have been made to date.

Aims.We studied the line emission from CH3CN and its deuterated isotopologue CH2DCN towards the prototypical Class I object SVS13-A, where the deuteration of a large number of species has already been reported. Our goal is to measure the CH3CN deuteration in a Class I protostar, for the first time, in order to constrain the CH3CN formation pathways and the chemical evolution from the early prestellar core and Class 0 to the evolved Class I stages.

Methods.We imaged CH2DCN towards SVS13-A using the IRAM NOEMA interferometer at 3mm in the context of the Large Program SOLIS (with a spatial resolution of 1″.8 × 1″.2). The NOEMA images were complemented by the CH3CN and CH2DCN spectra collected by the IRAM-30m Large Program ASAI, which provided an unbiased spectral survey at 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1.3 mm. The observed line emission was analysed using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE large velocity gradient (LVG) approaches.

Results.The NOEMA/SOLIS images of CH2DCN show that this species emits in an unresolved area centred towards the SVS13-A continuum emission peak, suggesting that methyl cyanide and its isotopologues are associated with the hot corino of SVS13-A, previously imaged via other iCOMs. In addition, we detected 41 and 11 ASAI transitions of CH3CN and CH2DCN, respectively, which cover upper level energies (Eup) from 13 to 442 K and from 18 K to 200 K. The non-LTE LVG analysis of the CH3CN lines points to a kinetic temperature of (140 ± 20) K, a gas density nH2≥ 107 cm−3, and an emitting size of ~0″.3, in agreement with the hypothesis that CH3CN lines are emitted in the SVS13-A hot corino. The derived [CH2DCN]/[CH3CN] ratio is ~9%. This value is consistent with those measured towards prestellar cores and a factor 2–3 higher than those measured in Class 0 protostars.

Conclusions.Contrarily to what expected for other molecular species, the CH3CN deuteration does not show a decrease in SVS13-A with respect to measurements in younger prestellar cores and Class 0 protostars. Finally, we discuss why our new results suggest that CH3CN was likely synthesised via gas-phase reactions and frozen onto the dust grain mantles during the cold prestellar phase.
Gravity darkening and tidally perturbed stellar pulsation in the misaligned exoplanet system WASP-33
Authors: Kálmán Sz. , Bókon A. , Derekas A. , Szabó Gy. M. , Hegedűs V. , Nagy K.
Published: March 2022

Aims. WASP-33 is one of the few δ Sct stars with a known planetary companion. By analyzing the stellar oscillations, we search for possible star-planet interactions in the pattern of the pulsation.

Methods. We made use of the Transit and Light Curve Modeller to solve the light curve from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. We include gravity darkening in our analysis.

Results. The stellar oscillation pattern of WASP-33 clearly shows signs of several tidally perturbed modes. We find that there are peaks in the frequency spectrum that are at or near the 3rd, 12th, and 25th orbital harmonics (forb ∼ 0.82 d−1). Also, there is a prominent overabundance of pulsational frequencies rightward of the orbital harmonics, a characteristic of a tidally perturbed stellar pulsation, which is an outcome of star-planet interactions in the misaligned system. There are peaks in both the δ Sct and γ Dor ranges of the Fourier spectrum, implying that WASP-33 is a γ Dor – δ Sct hybrid pulsator. The transit light curves are best fitted by a gravity-darkened stellar model, and the planet parameters are consistent with earlier determinations.
Acquisition de mesures topographiques appliquée aux prospections géophysiques en milieu couvert
Authors: Darras Lionel
Published: March 2022

Connaître la topographie d'un site à étudier avec une prospection géophysique facilite l'interprétation des mesures. Cet article présente une approche de mesure de la topographie d'un site étudié en milieu couvert où le positionnement par GPS est impossible faute de couverture satellitaire en milieu forestier, urbain ou souterrain. Le système de mesure altimétrique "ZheoPS-RTK" a été développé pour acquérir la topographie d'un site avec une précision décimétrique en s'appuyant sur l'utilisation de deux capteurs barométriques, l'un servant à mesurer une altitude de référence et l'autre à mesurer l'altitude du point de mesure souhaité avec correction en temps réel de la dérive calculée par la station de base.
L'effet de la géométrie sur la précision dans l'estimation de la profondeur d'un réseau de type pipeline avec la méthode magnétique
Authors: Le Maire Pauline , Munschy Marc
Published: March 2022

Dans le secteur du BTP, le positionnement des réseaux est réglementé afin d’éviter les accidents. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes géophysiques pour aider à leurs positionnements comme l’électromagnétisme ou l’acoustique. Ces méthodes ont plusieurs inconvénients, par exemple la nécessité d’un accès au réseau afin d’injecter un signal ou une mise en place chronophage qui rend difficile la détection sur de très grandes surfaces. Dans ce travail, nous allons nous focaliser sur l’utilisation de la méthode magnétique pour la caractérisation de pipeline en domaine non urbain. Nous proposons une étude afin de quantifier l’effet de la géométrie sur la précision dans l’estimation de la profondeur. Les résultats obtenus pour trois méthodes basées sur des hypothèses de géométries différentes (3D/2D/hybride) seront comparés via une application sur des cas synthétiques. Les méthodes utilisées sont basées sur l’utilisation du signal analytique à deux et à trois dimensions.
Utilizing energy transition to drive sustainability in cold supply chains: a case study in the frozen food industry
Authors: Chaabane Amin , As’ad Rami , Geramianfar Ramin , Bahroun Zied
Published: March 2022

In alignment with the ever-growing interest in adopting sustainable practices, this paper devises a cold supply chain (CSC) planning model that integrates the three pillars of sustainability into the decision-making process while accounting for the shift towards clean energy sources. Interrelated decisions pertaining to production-distribution strategy, backorder and inventory levels, choice of truck type, and selection of third-party logistics (3PLs) providers are jointly optimized. For global CSCs in specific, such decisions are particularly sensitive to the energy sources of the refrigerated facilities and the accompanying levels of CO2 emissions generated. As such, a multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is developed and then solved via the weighted-sum method. In essence, the model seeks to operationalize sustainability goals by considering the rapidly evolving transition in energy sources across different regions when deciding on which 3PLs to engage in a contractual agreement with while adjusting the production and distribution strategy accordingly. The practical relevance of the model is illustrated using a case study drawn from the North American frozen food industry. The conducted trade-off analysis indicates the possibility of obtaining a drastic improvement of 86% in jobs’ stability levels (social measure) with a maximum cost increase of around 9% as compared to the economic measure. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that it is possible to reduce 71% of CO2 emissions while attaining 63% reduction in worker variations at the expense of only 4.47% cost increase once compared to solely optimizing the economic objective.
Ultrafast electron diffraction apparatus at kiloelectron-volt energies
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2022

Generating high-performance pulsed electron beams using novel photocathodes
On the general solution of the permuted classical Yang–Baxter equation and quasigraded Lie algebras
Authors: Skrypnyk T.
Published: March 2022

Using the technique of the quasigraded Lie algebras, we construct general spectral-parameter dependent solutions r12(u, v) of the permuted classical Yang–Baxter equation with the values in the tensor square of simple Lie algebra g. We show that they are connected with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras with Adler–Kostant–Symmes decompositions and are labeled by solutions of a constant quadratic equation on the linear space g⊕N, N ≥ 1. We formulate the conditions when the corresponding r-matrices are skew-symmetric, i.e., they are equivalent to the ones described by Belavin–Drinfeld classification. We illustrate the developed theory by the example of the elliptic r-matrix of Sklyanin. We apply the obtained result to the explicit construction of the generalized quantum and classical Gaudin spin chains.
Learning the temporal evolution of multivariate densities via normalizing flows
Authors: Lu Yubin , Maulik Romit , Gao Ting , Dietrich Felix , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. , Duan Jinqiao
Published: March 2022

In this work, we propose a method to learn multivariate probability distributions using sample path data from stochastic differential equations. Specifically, we consider temporally evolving probability distributions (e.g., those produced by integrating local or nonlocal Fokker–Planck equations). We analyze this evolution through machine learning assisted construction of a time-dependent mapping that takes a reference distribution (say, a Gaussian) to each and every instance of our evolving distribution. If the reference distribution is the initial condition of a Fokker–Planck equation, what we learn is the time-T map of the corresponding solution. Specifically, the learned map is a multivariate normalizing flow that deforms the support of the reference density to the support of each and every density snapshot in time. We demonstrate that this approach can approximate probability density function evolutions in time from observed sampled data for systems driven by both Brownian and Lévy noise. We present examples with two- and three-dimensional, uni- and multimodal distributions to validate the method.
Diagnostics for multiple frequency heating and investigation of underlying processes
Authors: Vondrasek Richard
Published: March 2022

The development of new facilities routinely challenges ion source designers to build and operate sources that can achieve ever higher beam intensities and energies. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources have proven to be extremely capable in meeting these challenges through the production of intense beams of medium and high-charge state ions. As performance boundaries are pushed, source stability becomes an issue as does the technology required to meet the challenge. Multiple frequency heating, the simultaneous use of two or more plasma heating frequencies, is a powerful tool in meeting the simultaneous need of intensity and stability. Relatively straightforward to utilize, the technique has been employed at numerous facilities to increase beam current and achievable charge state while also stabilizing the plasma. Its application has expanded the operational boundaries of existing and next generation sources, demonstrating that these devices have not yet achieved their full operational potential. To better understand the underlying physics, the diagnostics used to probe the source operational boundaries and the plasma properties have become increasingly sophisticated. In concert with detailed modeling, they are beginning to provide insight into the heating mechanism and, with that, the prospect of future advances.
Temperature dependence of aging dynamics in highly non-equilibrium model polymer glasses
Authors: Jaeger Tamara D. , Simmons David S.
Published: March 2022

A central feature of the non-equilibrium glassy “state” is its tendency to age toward equilibrium, obeying signatures identified by Kovacs over 50 years ago. The origin of these signatures, their fate far from equilibrium and at high temperatures, and the underlying nature of the glassy “state” far from equilibrium remain unsettled. Here, we simulate physical aging of polymeric glasses, driven much farther from equilibrium and at much higher temperatures than possible in experimental melt-quenched glasses. While these glasses exhibit Kovacs’ signatures of glassy aging at sufficiently low temperatures, these signatures disappear above the onset TA of non-Arrhenius equilibrium dynamics, suggesting that TA demarcates an upper bound to genuinely glassy states. Aging times in glasses after temperature up-jumps are found to obey an Arrhenius law interpolating between equilibrium dynamics at TA and at the start of the temperature up-jump, providing a zero-parameter rule predicting their aging behavior and identifying another unrecognized centrality of TA to aging behavior. This differs qualitatively from behavior of our glasses produced by temperature down-jumps, which exhibit a fractional power law decoupling relation with equilibrium dynamics. While the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model can predict the qualitative single-temperature behavior of these systems, we find that it fails to predict the disappearance of Kovacs signatures above TA and the temperature dependence of aging after large temperature up-jumps. These findings highlight a need for new theoretical insights into the aging behavior of glasses at ultra-high fictive temperatures and far from equilibrium.
Pore-scale study of coke combustion in a matrix-fracture system based on the micro-continuum approach
Authors: Xu Qianghui , Chen Xiongyu , Yang Junyu , Liu Zhiying , Shi Lin
Published: March 2022

In situ combustion is an advanced recovery technique used to exploit heavy oil in the fractured reservoirs that make up approximately one-third of global heavy-oil resources. However, the mesoscopic mechanisms of coke combustion in the multiscale matrix-fracture system are not well understood because of the difficulty of performing pore-resolved simulations. In the present study, a pore-resolved micro-continuum approach was used to investigate fully coupled thermal and reactive flows through fractured media that contain nanometer-range coke pores, micrometer-range matrix pores, and sub-millimeter range natural fractures. Image-based simulations were implemented using synthetic geological models to mimic coke deposition patterns based on tomography images. The combustion regime diagram for the fractured media was mapped based on the ignition temperature and the air flux to exhibit three combustion regimes. The regime diagram was compared with that for unfractured media to address the impact of natural fractures on oxygen transport and the burning temperature. The oxygen diffusion mechanism dominated oxygen transport from the fracture into the matrix and led to a desirable smoldering combustion temperature regardless of the air injection rate. Effects of fracture geometries were quantified to demonstrate tortuous and discrete fractures, and matching air injection rates with fracture apertures can suppress air-channeling risk effectively. Possible discrepancies between lab measurements and field operations were demonstrated, and their potential to drive misinterpretation of experimental results was considered. The present pathway from tomography images to synthetic images and numerical simulations extends the “image and compute” technique to resolution of multiscale and nonlinear reactive transport.
Flow control of wake around a wall-mounted cube using a horizontal hole of different diameters
Authors: Li Jiawei , Han Xiaolei , Rinoshika Hiroka , Li Wenming , Rinoshika Akira
Published: March 2022

This paper describes an experimental investigation of flow control for the wake around a wall-mounted cube using horizontal control holes (HCHs) of different diameters drilled from the center of the front surface to the rear surface of the cube. The cube has side lengths of D = 50 mm, and HCHs with diameters of d = 10, 12, and 14 mm are considered. The instantaneous velocity fields are measured at a Reynolds number of 7800 based on time-resolved particle image velocimetry in a water tunnel. The HCHs suppress the recirculation zone, turbulence intensity, and Reynolds stress, and these control effects gradually increase with the hole diameter. The issuing flow from the large-diameter HCH completely obstructs the development of the downwash flow to the bottom wall and decomposes the near-wake arch-type vortex into a double arch-type structure. As the hole diameter increases, the dominant frequency of the spectrum in the HCH wake increases. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis indicates that the large-scale spanwise vortices are suppressed by HCH. In the dynamic evolution process of the cube wake, the HCH issuing flow hinders the interaction of shear flow on both sides, and the issuing vortices attract the spanwise vortices and accelerate their shedding.
Double cylinder target design for study of hydrodynamic instabilities in multi-shell ICF
Authors: Roycroft R. , Sauppe J. P. , Bradley P. A.
Published: March 2022

Cylindrical implosions are used to study hydrodynamic instability growth for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications, as the cylindrical geometry allows for easier diagnostic access while retaining convergence effects. In this work, we use the established cylindrical implosion platform [Palaniyappan et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 042708 (2020)] to inform the double shell ICF campaign [Montgomery et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 092706 (2018)]. We present a design for a double cylindrical target as an analogue to the double shell ICF capsule in order to study hydrodynamic instability growth on the high-Z inner shell. Our design work is done with two-dimensional (2D) Eulerian radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, considering the axial uniformity of the implosion and feasibility of measuring the instability growth of pre-seeded single mode sinusoidal perturbations. We discuss in depth the design for a target to be directly driven at the OMEGA laser facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. We evaluate the design for axial implosion symmetry and visibility of instability growth using synthetic radiographs constructed from the simulations, as the instability growth on the inner cylinder is experimentally measured using x-ray radiography of the implosion. We find that the seeded perturbation growth on the inner cylinder should be visible in an experiment, even with axial implosion asymmetry and preheat. We compare our 2D simulations with linear theory predictions for perturbation growth and show that a cylinder with lower azimuthal mode number (mode-20) perturbations compares more favorably with linear theory, while a cylinder with higher azimuthal mode number (mode-40) perturbations at the same starting amplitude saturates and is over-predicted by linear theory.
On the generalized Beltramian motion of the bidirectional vortex in a conical cyclone
Authors: Majdalani Joseph
Published: March 2022

This work presents an exact solution of Euler's incompressible equations in the context of a bidirectional vortex evolving inside a conically shaped cyclonic chamber. The corresponding helical flowfield is modeled under inviscid conditions assuming constant angular momentum. By leveraging the axisymmetric nature of the problem, a steady-state solution of the generalized Beltramian type is obtained directly from first principles, namely, from the Bragg–Hawthorne equation in spherical coordinates. The resulting stream function representation enables us to fully describe the ensuing swirl-dominated motion including its fundamental flow characteristics. After identifying an isolated singularity that appears at a cone divergence half-angle of 63.43°, two piecewise formulations are provided that correspond to either fluid injection or extraction at the top section of the conical cyclone. In this process, analytical expressions are readily retrieved for the three velocity components, vorticity, and pressure. Other essential flow indicators, such as the theoretically preferred mantle orientation, the empirically favored locus of zero vertical velocity, the maximum polar and axial velocities, the crossflow velocity, and other such terms, are systematically deduced. Results are validated using limiting process verifications and comparisons to both numerical and experimental measurements. The subtle differences between the present model and a strictly Beltramian flowfield are also highlighted and discussed. The conically cyclonic configuration considered here is relevant to propulsive devices, such as vortex-fired liquid rocket engines with tapered walls; meteorological phenomena, such as tornadoes, dust devils, and fire whirls; and industrial contraptions, such as cyclonic flow separators, collectors, centrifuges, boilers, vacuum cleaners, cement grinders, and so on.
Droplet rebound and dripping during impact on small superhydrophobic spheres
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Xuan , Min Jingchun
Published: March 2022

While droplet impact processes on hydrophilic and hydrophobic spheres have been widely investigated experimentally and numerically, the impact behaviors of water droplets on small superhydrophobic spheres are studied numerically and theoretically in this research. The numerical model adopts the volume of fluid method (VOF) and is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental observations in the literature. The effects of Weber number and sphere-to-droplet diameter ratio on the droplet impact dynamics are discussed. The final outcomes of the impact droplets are classified into rebound and dripping types with the latter appearing at a larger Weber number or a smaller diameter ratio. As the Weber number and diameter ratio increase, droplet deformation during impact is reinforced with the maximum width factor of the rebound droplet becoming greater. The maximum width factor of the dripping droplet is nearly independent of the Weber number but is enlarged by the increasing diameter ratio. Moreover, a larger diameter ratio reduces the contact time of the rebound droplet but raises that of the dripping one. A theoretical model based on energy conservation is established to predict the boundary between the droplet rebound and dripping outcomes and is in good agreement with the simulation results. The diameter ratio limit for droplet dripping at a zero Weber number is also obtained. Our results and analyses provide insight into the interaction mechanism between the impact droplet and small spheres or particles.
Large-eddy simulation of turbulent natural convection in a cylindrical cavity using an off-lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Polasanapalli Sai Ravi Gupta , Anupindi Kameswararao
Published: March 2022

In the present work, a characteristic-based off-lattice Boltzmann method with the large-eddy simulation (LES) as the turbulence model is developed for the simulation of turbulent natural convection. A double-distribution-function approach is used to resolve flow and thermal fields, and the proposed framework is developed, in three-dimensional curvilinear coordinates. The solver is verified using three benchmark cases, namely, the turbulent Taylor–Green vortex flow, natural convection in a periodic tall cavity, and Rayleigh–Bénard convection. Due to the absence of an inlet in this kind of closed cavity flow, initial perturbations are proposed and verified, which accelerate transition to a turbulent state. The turbulent natural convection in a cylindrical cavity is simulated for a Rayleigh number of Ra=7.5×105, and the flow and thermal characteristics are analyzed. A grid sensitivity study is conducted and an appropriate mesh resolution is selected, that is, further verified using the LES index of quality-of-resolution. The resulting turbulent flow and the associated thermal plume are analyzed using instantaneous and time-averaged mean and second-order statistics, vortical structures, turbulence anisotropy maps, energy budgets, frequency spectra, and the mean and root mean square of temperature and Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that the thermal plume region is highly anisotropic, whereas the rest of the annulus contains single-component axisymmetric turbulence. The production and convection of turbulence are dominant on top of the inner cylinder in the thermal plume region, whereas diffusion is dominant closer to the outer cylinder. The azimuthal profiles of mean Nusselt number for the inner and the outer cylinders are observed to be negatively correlated. Furthermore, natural convection in the cylindrical cavity is simulated for Ra=4×103 to 5×106 and the effect of the Rayleigh number on the mean Nusselt number and flow patterns is studied.