bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernization of the node management system corrugation machine RGU-P350
Authors:   Pavlidis V.D. CHkalova M.V.
Published: December 2024

We are considering increasing the efficiency of the RGU-P350 corrugating machine as part of the production line for the production of corrugated sheet material by modernizing the control system for the corrugating unit. The upgrade includes synchronizing the speed of the feed rolls and synchronizing the corrugating shafts by angular position using a programmable logic controller for more accurate synchronization of the servos. The proposed solutions will increase the productivity and reliability of the production line.

Keywords
corrugated sheet material, corrugation formation, process line, control, quality, modernization, productivity
pavlidis@mail.ru, chkalovamv@mail.ru
Theoretical justification of the use of statically indeterminate calculation schemes for the analysis of the operation of radial-thrust single-row ball bearings installed back-to-back
Authors:   Kirilovskiy V.V.
Published: December 2024

A new model of operation of single-row radial-thrust ball bearings under load, consisting of five statically indeterminate calculation schemes, is proposed. It is shown that the bearings experience greater loading than previously thought. Therefore, even with a rational design of the unit, the actual service life of the bearing may be 75,42—26663,9 times lower than the service life calculated by the traditional method. It is shown that with a certain external radial force, the locking lug of the outer ring of the bearing can open, which is equivalent to its failure.

Keywords
radial-thrust ball bearing, installation schemes, statically indeterminate calculation scheme, reactions in supports, external force
kvv@bmstu.ru
Research of the influence of wave strain hardening on the corrosion resistance of a material
Authors:   Kirichek A.V. Barinov S.V. Zaitsev A.A. Kukanova N.A.
Published: December 2024

The results of a research of the influence of wave strain hardening (WSH) on the corrosion resistance of a material are presented. The influence of the grain size of the metal, its rotation angle, the magnitude and depth of hardening of the surface layer of the part after WSH on the corrosion resistance of the material is analyzed. It is established that in order to increase the corrosion resistance of the material of the part using WSH, it is necessary to ensure a degree of hardening of more than 30 %.

Keywords
grain size, grain rotation angle, microhardness, hardening depth, corrosion resistance, wave strain hardening
box64@rambler.ru
Analysis and application of modified parameters roughness of Rz and Rmax in mechanical engineering
Authors:   Pahomov D.S. Zoteev A.V. Klochkova N.S.
Published: December 2024

The changes in the definition of the terms of roughness parameters Rz and Rmax are analyzed. Recommendations are given on the use of modified roughness parameters in production, the need to revise the ratios presented in GOST R 70117—2022 and develop guidelines for the implementation of changes No. 2 GOST 2789—73 and No. 1 GOST 25142—82 is justified.

Keywords
surface roughness parameter, term, recommendations
klockovanatasha@gmail.com
Working ability of gear transmissions with gear wheels made of aluminum and titanium alloys
Authors:   Vorobev A.N. Martyinov D.S.
Published: December 2024

The load capacity and wear ability of gears with gear wheels made of aluminum and titanium alloys are experimentally investigated. The experimental technique and gear parameters are presented. The effectiveness of gears made of aluminum and titanium alloys is shown.

Keywords
gear wheel, performance, wear, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, surface hardening
eightdex@outlook.com
Temperature ranges of superplasticity of titanium ortho alloys and their forging-stamping
Authors:   Onishchenko A.K.
Published: December 2024

The temperature range of superplasticity of the ВИТ1 ortho alloy is investigated, and the forging-stamping temperatures are determined. It is shown that dynamic recrystallization in the studied material during its tension is accompanied by pseudo-amorphization as a result of an increase in vacancies (pores), which contributes to the transition of shear deformations to viscous flow and the occurrence of micro cracks along grain boundaries during forging-rolling.

Keywords
ВИТ1 ortho alloy, forging-stamping, technological plasticity, superplasticity, pseudo-amorphization, viscous flow
Onischenko-ak@uecrus.com
Influence of processing mode on technological parameters during turning of a workpiece made of dispersion-hardened aluminum matrix cast composite material
Authors:   Pronin A.I. Mylnikov V.V. Valko D.A. Romanov A.D. Lavrik V.A.
Published: December 2024

The cutting force components and cutting temperature are determined during turning of aluminum matrix cast composite material obtained by internal oxidation, taking into account the effect of feed, depth and cutting speed. According to the experimentally obtained dependences of cutting force and temperature on cutting speed, empirical dependences of cutting force components and temperature on feed, depth and cutting speed are determined using Microsoft Office Excel.

Keywords
aluminum alloy, hard alloy, composite material, cutter, cutting speed, feed, cutting depth, cutting force, temperature
mrmylnikov@mail.ru
Experimental research of the impact action of grate bars on raw cotton in coarse litter cleaners
Authors:   Rosulov R.H.
Published: December 2024

The impact action of grate bars on raw cotton in coarse litter cleaners is studied. The calculations showed a small load on the grate. It is proposed to use hollow pipes with a diameter of 20 mm instead of all-metal grates. The impact interactions of grates of different shapes (round, trapezoidal; with smooth, corrugated and elastic working surfaces) on raw cotton flakes of different masses are studied.

Keywords
load, grate, pipe, strain sensor, impact, interaction, grate shape
rasulov.ruzimurad@mail.ru
Experimental modeling of contact fracture of parts of a drive slotting head
Authors:   Zakharov M.N. Medovschikov A.V.
Published: December 2024

The operating conditions of the parts of the mechanism of driven slotting heads are analyzed. A technique is developed for obtaining of a contact fatigue curve for aluminum alloys during longitudinal reverse movement of a specimen, and a curve is constructed for the 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. The definition of the expected time of the beginning of destruction of the surface of the head rod is given. The possibility of calculation of the moment of contact failure of a rod based on the endurance limit in the absence of experimental data on contact fatigue is shown.

Keywords
driven slotting head, destruction, contact fatigue, endurance limit, tests, machine tooling
alexmed@bmstu.ru
The influence of gas flow speed on the signal level in the system of diagnosing of cracks in gas turbine engine blades
Authors:   Andriyanov I.K. Grinkrug M.S. Kara Balli M. Novgorodov N.A.
Published: December 2024

A system is developed for diagnosing damage in the blades of a working gas turbine engine using capsules with an ionizing substance. The effect of gas flow rate on the signal level when an ionizing substance enters the recording system is studied. Using a Pitot tube, an increase in the signal with increasing gas flow rate is established.

Keywords
gas turbine engine, blade, ionizing substance, gas flow rate, crack
ivan_andrianov_90@mail.ru, grin@knastu.ru, mohamadkarabally@gmail.com, nikitakms@yandex.ru
Justification of the design and technological parameters of the stand of the deep ripper working element for soil-cultivating machines
Authors:   Bibutov N.S. Abrorov A.S. Kovalev I.V. Kravchenko I.N. Pupkova D.A.
Published: December 2024

The theoretical and experimental substantiation of the main design parameters of the deep ripper stand for processing of the subsurface soil horizon is given. The shape of the frontal surface of the stand, the angle of sharpening of the stand and the angle of entry into the soil are investigated.

Keywords
deep ripper, working element, design and technological parameters, soil-cultivating machines
kravchenko-in71@yandex.ru
Determination of the traction resistance of a seeding machine based on the theory of similarity
Authors:   Turdaliev V.M. Kosimov A.A. SHeraliev I.I.
Published: December 2024

The similarity theory is used for determination of the draft resistance of a seeding machine. Formulas are obtained that allow one to determine the draft resistance of a seeding machine under different operating conditions.

Keywords
seeding machine, draft resistance, operating mode parameter, empirical equation coefficient, matrix, similarity criterion
sheraliyev127@inbox.ru
Research of wear of grinding grains of different abrasive materials
Authors:   Baydakova N.V. Kryukov S.A.
Published: December 2024

The wear rates of grains of different abrasive materials are investigated by the method of cutting with a single grain taking into account the parameters of the grinding mode. It is established that silicon carbide grains have the lowest wear resistance among the studied materials.

Keywords
metalworking, grinding, strength, abrasive material, wear rate, grain, wear
baydakovanv@mail.ru, sf-visteh@mail.ru
Increasing of the wear resistance of high-precision stamping tools
Authors:   Berdiev D.M. YUsupov A.A. Umarova M.A. Kamilova G.M.
Published: December 2024

A mode of heat treatment of tool steels by quenching with intermediate tempering is developed, increasing the durability of high-precision stamping tools by 1,5—2 times compared to standard heat treatment.

Keywords
quenching, hardness, dislocation density, intermediate tempering, high-alloy steel
berdiyev_mf@mail.ru, laziz250287@mail.ru
РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
В АНГЛИЙСКИХ ИДИОМАХ
Authors: Юсупова С.М.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается семантика английских идиом, описывающих человека и человеческие отношения. Методами исследования стали семантический, корпусный анализ. Контексты идиом были получены из Корпуса современного американского английского языка. Результаты исследования показывают, что внутренняя форма влияет на употребление идиом. Значимыми качествами человеческих отношений выступают понимание, сходства, различия, уважение, авторитет. Идиомы в контекстах обнаруживают дополнительные оттенки значения.
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ НОРМЫ И ИХ ИГНОРИРОВАНИЕ В ТЕКСТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО ПЕСЕННОГО ДИСКУРСА
Authors: Газимаева Х.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается лингвистический анализ текстов песен и влияние художественных требований на использование английской грамматики. Исследование основано на влиянии рифмы и ритма на отклонение от стандартных грамматических норм в текстах песен, а также даются конструктивные предложения по исправлению обнаруженных ошибок. Подчеркивается важность осознанного восприятия этих отклонений и их влияние на языковую динамику в контексте музыкальной культуры.
МЕТОДЫ И ПРИЕМЫ ВВЕДЕНИЯ НОВОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Махашева Д.Р.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются способы работы с новой лексикой на занятиях иностранного языка, в частности немецкого. Все представленные методы направлены на усвоение и практическое употребление лексики.
КОНФЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ДРУЖБЫ ВО
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ФОНДЕ НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Салатаева А.Х. , Юсупова С.М.
Published: December 2024

Актуальность работы определяется интересом современной лингвистики к выражению человеческой природы и свойств человека в языке. Репрезентация межличностных отношений становится темой лингвистических исследований, посвященных изучению отражения эмоций любви, ненависти, неприязни и привязанности в языке. Данная статья посвящена иccледованию способов концептуализации ДРУЖБЫ в немецкой фразеологии, коннотативному аспекту значения пословиц.
СЫРЬЕ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЖИНА
Authors: Колесниченко Б.К. , Чергин Д.С.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается производство такого алкогольного напитка, как джин, а также сырье, необходимое для производства джина. Акцентируется внимание на ключевых растительных компонентах, среди которых выделяется можжевельник, служащий основным ингредиентом. Также в статье рассматривается добавление различных компонентов для придания джину разных вкусовых нот во время создания напитка. Кроме растительных компонентов, на качество джина оказывает ключевое влияние вода, она должна быть очищенной, так как влияет на вкус и текстуру готового продукта. В статье кратко рассказывается о способах производства джина путем дистилляции и смешивания. Основная мысль статьи заключается в том, что выбор сырья и его качество непосредственно влияют на вкус и аромат готового продукта.
ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ КАК ОСНОВА ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ПОЧВЫ
Authors: Абдулаев С.С.
Published: December 2024

Данная работа посвящена эффективности применения органических удобрений в сельском хозяйстве, описано агротехническое значение их использования. Приведены показатели содержания основных элементов питания для растений в составе различных органических удобрений.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КЛОНАЛЬНОГО
МИКРОРАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ FRAGARIA ANANASSA
Authors: Аникина И.Н. , Пожидаев М.Г.
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены исследования влияния агар-агара в составе питательной среды МС и дозировки препарата БАП на динамику развития растений земляники (Fragaria × ananassa) в условиях in vitro. В ходе исследований выявлено, что для индукции морфогенеза культуры земляники (Fragaria × ananassa) в условиях in vitro использование жидкой питательной среды МС с добавлением препарата БАП в дозировке 0,5 мг/л наиболее эффективно, так как при этом динамика развития растений более оптимальна, то есть за короткий срок можно получить полноценные сформированные растения с хорошо развитой корневой системой и развитым листовым аппаратом.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИТАМИННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ
И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ИНДЕЕК-БРОЙЛЕРОВ
Authors: Мутиева Х.М. , Эльдаров Б.А. , Магомаев А.-Х.З.
Published: December 2024

В данное время при применении промышленных технологий выращивания индеек довольно широко распространились многие болезни, в том числе и заболевания незаразной этиологии. Недостаточное снабжение высокопродуктивных индеек витаминами для производства мяса или разведения отрицательно сказывается на их продуктивности. Но своевременные профилактические мероприятия и лечение могут нивелировать негативные последствия, но нужно изыскивать эффективные и безопасные лечебно-профилактические средства. Поскольку имеются убедительные доказательства того, что минимальные уровни витаминов в рационе, необходимые для предотвращения клинического дефицита, не способствуют оптимальному здоровью, продуктивности и благополучию индеек в современных условиях коммерческого производства, в статье изложены более практические рекомендации по добавлению витаминов в рацион. Авторами приводятся данные о результатах добавления в рацион препарата «Витамин АД3Е (INVESA)», способствующего повышению продуктивных качеств индеек и индюков при откорме.
Do poeta caribenho Édouard Glissant às suas relações com a História
Authors: Dorella Priscila , Rabêlo de Almeida Juniele
Published: December 2024

Esta é uma entrevista pública realizada com a historiadora Priscila Dorella, especialista em história intelectual, com ampla experiência na interface história, mídia e debates públicos. Ao discutir aspectos da sua pesquisa recente, intitulada “O poeta caribenho Édouard Glissant e as suas relações com a História”, Priscila Dorella apresenta, nesta conversação com Juniele Rabêlo de Almeida, momentos de sua atuação transdisciplinar e transnacional (entre ensino, pesquisa, extensão e divulgação) em diferentes universidades: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM-México), University of California (UC/Berkeley-EUA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), La Rochelle Université (LRU-França) e, principalmente, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) onde é Professora Associada de História das Américas e integrante dos projetos coletivos “Moçambique é maningue nice!” e “Latinoamericanes como nós”.
Economia do conhecimento e dependência geopolítica:
Authors: Nunes Macedo André Luan
Published: December 2024

Este ensaio examina as universidades públicas do Terceiro Mundo no contexto da economia do conhecimento, abordando as dinâmicas de subordinação geopolítica que moldam seu papel na produção de saber. Com base nas teorias de autores como Darcy Ribeiro e Mangabeira Unger, argumenta-se que as universidades periféricas enfrentam um dilema entre a modernização reflexa e a busca por uma autonomia científica que responda às demandas locais. A análise foca na relação entre economia do conhecimento e dependência, destacando como a concentração de tecnologias avançadas nos países centrais, a militarização do conhecimento e a pressão por integração subordinada limitam a capacidade de inovação autônoma das universidades periféricas. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre estratégias que as universidades desses países podem adotar para construir um modelo de desenvolvimento científico soberano, que respeite as especificidades culturais e econômicas locais.
DRUG REVINORM INFLUENCE ON THE CLINICAL CONDITION AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD INDICATORS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER HEAT STRESS
Authors: Kuz'minova Elena , Semenenko Marina , Koschaev Andrey , Abramov Andrey Andreevich , Sampiev Abdulmutalip
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the new drug Revinorm on the clinical condition and biochemical blood parameters of laboratory animals under experimental acute heat stress. The object of the study was the drug Revinorm, which includes active substances with antipyretic, antioxidant, antihypoxic, nootropic and hepatoprotective activity. When modeling acute heat stress, laboratory rats (n = 10) were placed in containers that were installed under direct sunlight with the main meteorological parameters – clear, temperature in the shade 37.1 °C, in the sun 43–45 °C, relative humidity 19 %, atm. pressure 759 mm Hg, UV index 8, magnetic storm level G1. When the first clinical signs of acute thermal overheating appeared, the rats in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups were given the drug Revinorm in doses of 0.4 g/kg body weight (1st experimental group) and 0.6 g/kg body weight (2nd experimental group). The rodents of the 3rd control group did not receive any treatment during hyperthermia. All animals were clinically observed, and blood was collected from 5 rats from each group 1.5 hours after the completion of the clinical part of the experiment for biochemical studies. The results of the preclinical study showed that the drug Revinorm exhibits pronounced pharmacological activity in experimental acute heat stress in laboratory rats, which is manifested by an increase in the survival rate of rodents by 40–60 %, a decrease in the clinical severity of the stress reaction and pathological changes in the biochemical para¬meters of the blood. An effective dose of Revinorm was determined on laboratory animals, amounting to 0.6 g/kg of body weight, which serves as a rationale for the stage of clinical trials of the drug on productive animals under heat stress.
STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LAYING HENS BLOOD SERUM OF WITH COMBINED MYCOTOXICOSIS AGAINST THE MULTI-COMPONENT AGENT GALLUASORB BACKGROUND USE
Authors: Tarasova Evgenia , Matrosova Liliya
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamics of biochemical parameters of blood serum in laying hens under experimental combined mycotoxicosis and using a new multicomponent agent Galluasorb as a preventive measure. The biological control birds (the first group) received feed free of mycotoxins, the second group served as a toxic control (the feed was contaminated with a mixture of mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 – 3.3 mg/kg, T-2 toxin – 2.5 and zearalenone – 1.7 mg/kg of feed), the third group received the main diet, which was artificially contaminated with a mixture of mycotoxins with the addition of Galluasorb in a dose of 0.25 % of the diet, the fourth group – the main diet mixed with "Galluasorb" in the same dose as the birds of the third group. The amount of total protein and glucose in the second group decreased significantly by 23.46 and 27.08 %, in the third group the decrease relative to the background values was insignificant. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the laying hens of the toxic group increased significantly by 22.08 and 25.84 %, respectively, in the prevented group the increase in these indicators was not significant and amounted to 8.37 and 11.39 %, respectively. A reliable increase in the level of creatinine, uric acid and the enzymes ALT and AST was observed in the second group of birds. The addition of Galluasorb contributed to an increase in these indicators in smaller limits. Galluasorb mitigated the negative impact of T-2 toxin, zearalenone, aflatoxin B1 on the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of laying hens, which confirms the effectiveness and prospects of its further comprehensive studies as a means of preventing combined mycotoxicosis.
FUNCTIONAL PLANT-BASED DRINKS AS MILK SUBSTITUTES: CURRENT STATE OF PRODUCTION, FEATURES OF CONSUMER DEMAND
Authors: Gutnikova Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the current market situation in the national market, evaluate the range of products and determine the characteristics of consumer demand, taking into account the exis-ting consumer opinion about herbal drinks, milk imitators. General scientific methods were used in the study, including methods of desk and field research, observation and abstraction. Statistical assessment methods were used to assess the state of the commodity market, and the consumer demand study was based on sociological analysis methods. An attempt was made to systematize the modern author's classification of the range of functional drinks - milk substitutes, assess the market supply and determine those consumer properties that shape demand in the commodity market. Based on the results of the study, this paper presents the results reflecting the state of the domestic market of herbal drinks – milk substitutes, identifies the main "players", notes the properties of the products that act as their competitive advantages over milk drinks, ensuring an increase in supply and demand in the future. The range of plant-based drinks – milk substitutes – is developing rapidly and is characterized by a wide variety of species. At the same time, there is no single classification of the product group, which complicates its species identification. A scientific approach to the classification of drinks is proposed, based on such features as the raw materials used, processing technology, production method, fat content of the product and its purpose. It was also established that the only standard (put into effect during this study), regulating the requirements for the products under study, does not cover the entire variety of drinks, as a result of which their functional definition is not of a normative and legal nature. The consumer properties of drinks are determined by their composition, which forms a biological value, which in some respects is not inferior to products made from natural milk. The properties of drinks are determined by the almost complete absence of contraindications, low calorie content and good digestibility, as a result of which the functionality of these food products can cover wide groups of consumers.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE TRITICUM AESTIVUM CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE NORTHERN TRANS-URALS CONDITIONS
Authors: Zamyatina Angelina , Sannikova Natal'ya , Shulepova Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of tillage and mineral fertilizers on meadow-chernozem soils of the Northern Trans-Urals on the chemical composition of Triticum aestivum. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University (Tyumen). Field experiments were laid out in accordance with the methodology of B.A. Dospekhov (1985). The experiment was repeated three times, the accounting area of the plot was 120 m2. The highest content of humus (11.9 %) and mobile potassium (27.5 mg/kg) was noted with differentiated tillage with the application of mineral fertilizers ammonium nitrate and ammophos for the planned yield of 5 t/ha. With chisel tillage to a depth of 45 cm followed by surface tillage, the largest amounts of ammonium nitrogen (15.6 mg/kg) and nitrate nitrogen (23.4 mg/kg) with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a yield of 3 t/ha were found. With the same soil tillage, the maximum content of mobile phosphorus (107.7 mg/kg) was noted, but with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a planned yield of 5 t/ha. Chemical elements contained in the vegetative part of plants and wheat grain show the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and soil treatment options before sowing. Analysis of laboratory studies on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the vegetative part of the plant and grain of spring wheat showed that the most efficient soil treatment option for the studied crop was moldboard with alternation with surface after 1 year, i.e. differentiated, with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a yield of 3 and 5 t/ha. The introduction of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for the planned yield of 3 t/ha (in physical weight 150–170 kg/ha) creates an optimal regime for the cultivation of spring wheat on meadow-chernozem soils with differentiated treatment.
FEATURES OF NEW MEDICINAL PLANT PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUS A. DC. INTRODUCTION IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Tsitsilin Andrey , Saybel Olga
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the growth and development characteristics, economically valuable traits of Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Botanical Garden of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR in 2020–2023. The soils of the site are sod-podzolic heavy loamy. Sowing was carried out in the middle of the first - end of the second decade of May to a depth of 1–2 cm, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a seeding rate of 1.2 g/m2. The plot size was 2.4 m2, repeated 4 times. Phenological observations, biometric measurements, determination of raw material productivity, raw material yield were carried out according to the methodology adopted for the introduction of medicinal plants. The content of water- and alcohol-soluble extractive substances was determined according to the Hong Kong and Chinese Pharmacopoeias. In the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, the large-flowered bellflower goes through all phenological phases. Seedlings begin to appear 20–28 days after sowing. Plants in the first year of life finish vegetation in mid- to late October at a height of 2.04–15.6 cm with 5.2–12.8 true leaves. In plants of the 2nd–3rd year of life, the beginning of spring regrowth of the aboveground part is observed at the end of the third decade of April – first decade of May. The onset of mass budding is noted from July 28 to August 17, mass flowering is observed from August 11 to September 14 and continues until the end of September. Fruiting is observed from the first–second decade of September until mid–to late October. The duration of the vegetation period from the beginning of spring regrowth until the death of the aboveground part is 164–178 days. The yield of freshly harvested roots is (0.870 ± 0.091) kg/m2 for plants of the 2nd year of life, (2.286 ± 0.243) kg/m2 for plants of the 3rd year of life. The content of water- and alcohol-soluble extractive substances in the roots meets the requirements of regulatory documentation (Pharmacopoeias of Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China).
PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE RUMEN IN DAIRY COWS
Authors: Pashayan Susanna , Vunsh Bogdan
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to analyze protein metabolism in lactating cows. Protein metabolism in ruminants differs significantly from that in non-ruminants. In ruminants, plant feed is broken down in the rumen by enzymes of numerous and diverse microflora. Rumen bacteria synthesize nitrogen-containing feed substances into high-quality proteins. This is a very important biotechnological process that occurs in the rumen of ruminants. Bacterial proteins provide the body with essential amino acids to maintain vital processes, reproduction, growth, and lactation. During lactation, the cow's mammary gland synthesizes milk components and milk protein. The exchange of amino acids and proteins in the mammary gland is a complex biochemical process; the bulk of the amino acids entering the mammary gland is used to form milk proteins. The protein level in milk reaches 30 g/l. Milk proteins, especially immunoglobulins, play an important role in transmitting disease resistance to newborn calves. Immunoglobulins are not synthesized in the mammary gland, they pass into milk directly from the cow's blood, their concentration in colostrum is high. Milk also contains non-protein nitrogen-containing substances, which are present in milk in very small quantities. The level of proteins and their composition in the body of lactating cows depends on the microflora living in the rumen of animals. Ruminants need to pre-form the optimal composition of amino acids and proteins in their diet, it is necessary to take into account that microbes and ciliates can use other sources of nitrogen and synthesize bacterial proteins from them, the latter consist of essential and replaceable amino acids. Bacterial proteins from the rumen penetrate the abomasum, and then into the intestine, where they are broken down to the stage of amino acids and absorbed into the blood. It is necessary to take into account that the body needs energy to carry out these processes.
ASTRAKHAN PORT IN THE ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE LATE 1910s – EARLY 1920s
Authors: Eschenko Yuliya
Published: December 2024

The events of the Great Russian Revolution led to a radical change in the principles of functioning of the country's economy. Nationalization of the oil industry and the withdrawal of the private capitalist sector from it, military actions during the civil war influenced both the work of the oil producing and oil refining sector, and the organization of transportation of oil and oil products. The objective of the paper is to analyze the changes that took place in the organization of transit of oil products through Astrakhan in the late 1910s - early 1920s. Achieving the goal required solving the following tasks: to characterize the system of management of the oil industry in the region during the period under study; to assess the impact of the nationalization of the oil industry and interdepartmental disputes over ownership of nationalized property on the organization of Caspian-Volga oil transit; to identify a set of problems that arose in connection with changes in the system of management of sea and river transport and coastal infrastructure; based on statistical data, to show the dynamics of oil turnover through the port of Astrakhan. The source base was a set of published regulatory documents, unpublished office materials and statistical data. The methodological base is represented by a set of scientific principles and special historical methods. The study showed the difficulties of the transition period in the work of the oil industry, associated with wartime conditions and the re-subordination of the property of oil enterprises and infrastructure, which actually stopped oil transit through the Astrakhan port at the end of 1918-1919. The priority role of oil products for the post-war recovery of the country's economy predetermined increased attention to the industry on the part of the government. This led to the creation in 1922-1923 of a number of new or reorganization of existing enterprises, joint-stock companies and government agencies, the work of which ensured regular supplies of fuel to the central regions of the country from the oil regions of the Caspian Basin.
ANTI-ALCOHOL ACTIVITIES IN A YOUNG SMALL TOWN DURING THE PERESTROIKA (A CASE STUDY OF DIVNOGORSK, KRASNOYARSK REGION)
Authors: Kovalev Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The issues of the anti-alcohol campaign in the USSR in the second half of the 1980s, the assessment of its effectiveness and efficiency have become a subject of study in Russian historiography relatively recently. At the same time, researchers at both the national and regional levels pay attention to the implementation of the measures proposed by the state as a whole, without taking into account the specifics of the territory where measures were taken to combat drunkenness and alcoholism. First of all, this concerns young small towns, which by this time had passed the era of their formation and were entering a period of prosperity. Since such cities as Divnogorsk in Krasnoyarsk Region were most often industrial, where several large and medium-sized industries were developing, and the majority of the population was employed in these enterprises, forming a significant part of the working class, called upon to be the builders of socialism, the formation of its moral and ethical image has always been an important task, especially in relation to reducing the level of alcoholism of city dwellers, since it was precisely because of the tendency to a pernicious habit that the main violations in production and in the field of labor discipline occurred. In the 1960s and 1970s, the city and party leadership took certain actions to combat alcoholism, which were carried out with varying success. The authorities, party organizations, enterprise administrations and the public had to consolidate and strengthen this work during the years of perestroika, when radical measures were taken to sober up society. The paper presents an attempt, based on materials first discovered in the municipal archive and introduced into scientific circulation, to recreate a complete picture of the actions of the authorities and society to combat drunkenness and alcoholism in a young small town in the second half of the 1980s, using the city of Divnogorsk as an example. The activities of the Divnogorsk Commission for Combating Drunkenness and Alcoholism, the participation of work collectives in it, the main forms of influence on the drinking population, the successes and failures of preventive work, the activities of the Divnogorsk drug addiction service, and the problems of interdepartmental cooperation are studied. Also presented is a plan approved by the executive committee of the Divnogorsk City Council for the inspection of industrial enterprises in the field of combating drunkenness and alcoholism and an analysis of the results of their anti-alcohol activities, the main indicators of the work of Divnogorsk authorities, the public, enterprises, and internal affairs agencies.
BAIKAL-AMUR MAINLINE: THE HISTORY OF TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Bykadorov Sergey , Kibalov Evgeniy , Pyataev Maksim
Published: December 2024

The study is devoted to the history of the design and construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, its significance for the economy, politics and defense of the country. The authors provide a historical overview of the topic under study, present various points of view on the construction of the project at different stages of the socio-political and economic development of the state in the 19th century, the 1930s–1950s, and during the period of the beginning of the construction of the BAM in the 1970s. The highway, originally designed as a backup for the Trans-Siberian Railway, had established itself as a powerful domestic defense project by the time construction began. During the period of the beginning of operation and until the 2000s, the highway was considered a low-traffic line. However, in recent years, the BAM project has become a powerful locomotive for the development of the east of the country and all of Russia as a whole. Along with the development of the extractive industries in the areas of gravity of the highway, the BAM is becoming the largest transit corridor in Eurasia. Currently, there is a "turn in the vector of the country's development to the East." However, a major problem in the development of the entire Eastern transport polygon as a whole and the BAM in particular is the weak development of the transport infrastructure compared to that in the European part of the country. The paper discusses the progress of strengthening the project under consideration (construction of additional artificial structures, second tracks, extension of station tracks, electrification along the entire length, etc.), prospects for further development of the highway in the near and distant future, including for increasing the connectivity of the territory of Russia. Today, BAM is understood as a large-scale railway development project - a latitudinal element of the transport grid of Siberia and the Russian Far East, the construction of which is a strategic goal of the country in the long term. BAM is being transformed from an auxiliary line into a truly instrument for the country's survival in a hybrid war with the collective West.
Analisis Perilaku Struktur Denah Zig-Zag Terhadap Gempa Studi Kasus Hotel Nusa Dua Beach
Authors: Kubon Tubuh I Ketut Diartama , Wirawan I Putu Agus Putra , Nada I Made , Putra I Wayan Eka Sagita
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil analisis perilaku struktur denah zig-zag Hotel Nusa Dua Beach terhadap gempa dan mengetahui perilaku struktur banguan gedung yang ditinjau setelah dilakukannya skema dilatasi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis respons spektrum menggunakan bantuan aplikasi SAP2000. Skema dilatasi pada bangunan ini merupakan bentuk sederhana dari bangunan zig-zag yang hanya berupa bangunan dengan denah persegi panjang yang menghasilkan respons struktur berupa gaya geser dasar, simpangan, dan gaya dalam berupa momen dan kebutuhan tulangan. Pada penelitian ini menunjukan nilai gaya geser dasar yang terbesar didapat oleh bangunan yang telah dibuatkan skema dilatasi yaitu sebesar 8,49% sedangkan nilai gaya geser dasar terkecil terdapat pada bangunan utuh sebesar 7,39%. Nilai simpangan terbesar dari hasil analisis terdapat pada bangunan utuh dengan nilai simpangan arah X sebesar 10,93mm dan arah Y 10,94mm. Momen maksimal terbesar didapat oleh bangunan gedung utuh sebesar 300,77kNm dan bangunan yang dibuatkan skema dilatasi sebesar 216,66kNm. Dan hasil analisis mengenai kebutuhan luas tulangan pada kolom paling besar juga didapat pada bangunan yang memiliki denah zig-zag sebesar 2940,62mm2.
Analisis Kapasitas Ruang Parkir Objek Wisata Desa Tradisional Penglipuran Kabupaten Bangli
Authors: Wirasutama Cokorda Putra , Suryadarmawan I Gusti Agung Gde , Marhaendra Putra I Dewa Gede Wisnu
Published: December 2024

Parkir ialah memberhentikan dan menyimpan kendaraan untuk jangka waktu tertentu di tempat khusus, yakni di pinggir jalan, dalam garasi atau tempat yang peruntukkan bagi penyimpanan kendaraan tersebut. Desa Wisata Tradisional Penglipuran menjadi salah satu objek wisata yang sangat terkenal di Pulau Bali dengan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang tinggi. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketersediaan ruang parkir di Desa Wisata Tradisional Penglipuan cukup padat sehingga terkadang mengakibatkan kemacetan. Tujuan dari riset ini untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan serta ketersediaan serta perencanaan desain dari ruang parkir Desa Wisata Tradisional Penglipuran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitaif dengan menghitung kebutuhan ruang parkir di parkir 1 dan parkir 2 kendaraan roda empat di Desa Wisata Tradisional Penglipuran. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada hari hari Jumat dan Minggu mulai pukul 07.00 hingga 18.00 WITA. Data yang diperoleh diolah untuk mengitung volume parkir, akumulasi parkir, durasi parkir, indeks parkir, Tingkat pergantian parkir, ketersediaan parkir, dan kebutuhan ruang parkir. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil indeks parkir kendaraan roda empat pada hari Minggu di parkir 1 sebesar 1,0285 dan di parkir 2 sebesar 1,090. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai IP lebih dari (>) 1 yang berarti bahwa kebutuhan ruang parkir melampaui kapasitas yang tersedia, sehingga diperlukan perluasan area parkir atau pengaturan pola parkir sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi kemacetan di sepanjang jalan Desa Wisata Tradisional Penglipuran yang disebabkan oleh adanya kendaraan yang parkir di sisi jalan.
Use of biochar as a component of substrates in horticulture and forestry: A review
Authors: Natalli Luiz Henrique , Hillig Everton , Lombardi Kátia Cylene , Godinho Marcelo , Nuñez Remigio Paradelo
Published: December 2024

Plant production in nurseries, both in the forestry and horticultural sectors, has a large demand for substrates, making the use of natural resources such as peat high. The composition of substrates must not only have the necessary characteristics for good plant development, such as porosity, density, and water retention, but also look for sustainable and economical production. Biochar is a material derived from the processing of various organic residues which, due to its physical and chemical characteristics, presents great potential as a component of substrates for seedlings in nurseries. However, some issues still need to be resolved for this application, such as implementation costs, production process variables, feedstock origin and characterization, as well as the ideal proportions to be employed in formulations. To advance in these issues, we reviewed studies dealing with the different aspects of the use of biochar as a component of substrates. The literature suggests biochar can raise the quality of substrates, improve physical and chemical properties, contribute to waste management, and reduce production costs.
Accumulation and distribution dynamics of biomass, phosphorus, and starch in cassava fertilized with or without phosphorus during long growth cycles
Authors: Magolbo Luis Augusto de Souza , Nascimento Layana Gomes do , Fernandes Adalton Mazetti , Guedes Politon Thiago Pereira
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth. In cassava, P promotes plant growth and alters the synthesis and accumulation of starch in the storage roots. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of the accumulation and distribution of biomass, P, and starch in cassava plants fertilized with or without P during long growth cycles. A randomized block design with a split-plot scheme and four replicates was used. Plots were represented by the application of 0 (zero) or 70 kg ha
-1
P, and the subplots were represented by 12 plant-harvesting times in a 21-month cycle (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 months). During the first vegetative cycle, P uptake by plants was high; during the second vegetative cycle, P allocation to the roots was greater than P uptake from the soil. Phosphorus supply promoted a late increase of 19-23 % in starch accumulation in cassava plants. Storage roots were stronger sinks for starch than stems during the first vegetative cycle; however, the contribution of stems increased during the second vegetative cycle. Unfertilized plants consumed more storage root starch reserves to maintain shoot regrowth at the beginning of the second vegetative cycle. Supply of P to cassava is a fundamental management practice for increasing starch accumulation in storage roots harvested with long vegetative cycles.
Transnational mobility, art markets, and the city: An analysis of the role of hypermobile creative professionals in the emergence of new artistic centers
Authors: Molho Jeremie
Published: December 2024

The emergence of new regional art markets has increasingly challenged the traditional dominance of Western Europe and North America over the last two decades. Cities such as Dubai, Singapore, and Hong Kong have become significant hubs that house global auction houses and contemporary museums, and host major art events. This study examines how hypermobile creative professionals function in the growth of these emerging art centers. It purposes to elucidate how the transnational mobility of these professionals influences the geographical dynamics of the global art market. The study’s methodology entailed qualitative fieldwork conducted in Istanbul, Doha, Singapore, and Hong Kong, along with in-depth interviews with wide-ranging actors in the art worlds of these cities, including artists, curators, dealers, and collectors. The study’s findings reveal that these actors contribute to the construction of the reputations of these metropolises emerging as art hubs by voting with their feet for the next upcoming art center and actively engaging in the transformation of the local art markets. This study attracts attention to the ways in which the regulation of human mobility affects the journeys and practices of art professionals. In so doing, it proposes a novel lens through which to apprehend the ongoing disparities in the global art market and grasp how historical hegemonies persist amidst continuous calls for more expansive diversity and inclusivity in the art world.
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma at Hanoi Oncology Hospital
Authors: Pham Cam Phuong , Pham Van Thai , Nguyen Van Thang , Vu Thi Nien
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to review 18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET/CT) imaging characteristics of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) at Hanoi Oncology Hospital. PET/CT helps accurately assess the NHL stage compared with other diagnostic imaging methods, such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging. In this retrospective descriptive study, 86 newly diagnosed B-cell NHL cases were histopathologically and immunohistochemically examined at Hanoi Oncology Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients underwent 18FDG PET/CT for pretreatment staging. The stages before and after PET/CT were evaluated and compared. Before PET/CT, 26 (30.2%), 29 (33.7%), 15 (17.5%), and 16 (18.6%) patients were in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. After PET/CT, the rates of Stage I, II, III, and IV cases were 22.1%, 26.8%, 20.9%, and 30.2%, respectively. PET/CT results increased the stage in 21/86 patients (24.4%). The proportion of patients with advanced stages after PET/CT in the rapidly progressing histopathology group was higher (25%) than the slowly progressing histopathology group (21.4%), and the difference was not significant. Therefore, PET/CT is critical for accurately determining the disease stage of B-cell NHL, thereby helping to detect additional lesions missed by conventional imaging diagnostic tools.