bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Deep Learning Accelerators for Edge and Emerging Computing
Authors: Alam Md Shahanur , Yakopcic Chris , Wu Qing , Barnell Mark , Khan Saimon , Taha Tarek M.
Published: July 2024

The unprecedented progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in deep learning algorithms with ubiquitous internet connected smart devices, has created a high demand for AI computing on the edge devices. This review studied commercially available edge processors, and the processors that are still in industrial research stages. We categorized state-of-the-art edge processors based on the underlying architecture, such as dataflow, neuromorphic, and Processing in-Memory (PIM) architecture. The processors are analyzed based on their performance, chip area, energy efficiency, and application domains. The supported programming frameworks, model compression, data precision, and the CMOS fabrication process technology are discussed. Currently, most of the commercial edge processors utilize dataflow architectures. However, emerging non-von Neumann computing architectures have attracted the industry in recent years. Neuromorphic processors are highly efficient for performing computation with fewer synaptic operations, and several neuromorphic processors offer online training for secured and personalized AI applications. This review found that the PIM processors show significant energy efficiency and consume less power compared to dataflow and neuromorphic processors. The future direction of the industry would be to implement state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms in emerging non-Von Neumann computing paradigms for low power computing on the edge devices.
Multi-Scenario Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of the Economic-Energy-Environmental (3E) System under the Reconstruction of the Power System - New Exploration Based on the "Dual-Triangle" Theory
Authors: Cen Haifeng , Wang Wenxiu , Chen Liping , Hao Weitao , Guan Zhe , Lu Juntong , Cai Guotian
Published: July 2024

Building a new-type power system is the key core of the green and low-carbon development of energy, the restructuring of the power system will inevitably have a linked impact on the coordinated development of the economy-energy-environment (3E) system. This paper constructs a "Dual-Triangle" theoretical framework consisting of the “Energy Trilemma” and the "Sustainable Development Triangle", by combining historical statistical analysis with scenario predictive analysis, analyzes the historical characteristics of the "Dual Triangle" and future development trends under different scenarios, and studies the coupled interaction relationship of the "Dual-Triangle" to explore the optimal transformation path of the power system that is most beneficial to the coordinated development of the 3E system. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The energy system gradually inclined towards economy and cleanliness from 2010 to 2022, the level of coordinated development of the 3E system fluctuated upwards, and the operation status of the "Dual Triangle" was stable. (2) Positive coupling relationship between "Dual Triangle" of scenario S1 is close, which can be regarded as the preferred path for the reconstruction of the power system. Due to phased development has clear development priorities, scenario S2 will artificially break the balance of the “Energy Trilemma”, which is a development model that dynamically mitigates the challenges of the “Energy Trilemma”.(3)The contradiction between economy and cleanliness is continuously weakened, and security has become the core contradiction of the "Impossible Triangle". The combination of renewable energy and energy storage is the key to resolving this contradiction. This paper conducts an integrated and innovative application of the "Dual-Triangle" theory, and the results provide a case basis for how to achieve the coupled interaction of the "Dual-Triangle", promote high-quality energy development, and support the sustainable development of the economy and society.
Machine learning-based methodologies for cyber-attacks and network traffic monitoring
Authors: Genuario Filippo , Santoro Giuseppe , Giliberti Michele , Bello Stefania , Zazzera Elvira , Impedovo Donato
Published: July 2024

The number of connected IoT devices is increasing significantly due to their many benefits, including automation, improved efficiency and quality of life, and waste reducing. However, these devices have several vulnerabilities that have led to the rapid growth in the number of attacks. Therefore, several machine learning-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) tools have been developed to detect intrusions and suspicious activity to and from a host (HIDS - Host IDS) or, in general, within the traffic of a network (NIDS - Network IDS). The proposed work performs a comparative analysis and an ablative study among recent machine learning-based NIDS to develop a benchmark of the different proposed strategies. The proposed work compares both shallow learning algorithms, such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine, and deep learning algorithms, such as DNN, CNN, and LSTM, whose approach is relatively new in the literature. The algorithms are evaluated on the KDD-99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and IoT-23 datasets. The results show that the NIDS tools based on deep learning approaches achieve better performance in detecting network anomalies than shallow learning approaches.
Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity of Novel Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists of Phenylethanolamine Series
Authors: Zhidkova Ekaterina M. , Tilova Leyla R. , Fetisov Timur I. , Kirsanov Kirill I. , Kulikov Evgeny P. , Enikeev Adel D. , Budunova Irina V. , Badun Gennady A. , Chernysheva Maria G. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Yakubovskaya Marianna G. , Lesovaya Ekaterina A.
Published: July 2024

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in blood cancer treatment despite their multiple adverse effects. Biological response to GCs is mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by transactivation (TA), associated with side effects, and transrepression (TR), mediating anticancer effects. Selective GR agonists (SEGRAs) preferentially activating GR TR could be better option for cancer treatment. One of well-characterized SEGRAs is 2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-chloro-N-methylethylammonium-chloride (CpdA), demonstrated anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, however its translational potential is limited due to chemical instability. CpdA derivatives CpdA-01-08 were designed by two synthetic strategies. Derivative CpdA-03 demonstrated superior GR affinity and stability compared to CpdA. Analysis of CpdA-03 ligand properties in lymphoma Granta and leukemia CEM cell lines revealed its SEGRA profile: it induced GR TR without triggering GR TA, as evidenced by changes in expression of GR target genes. Effects of CpdA-03 on cell viability, growth, and apoptosis were similar to reference GR ligand, dexamethasone (Dex), and the proto-type compound CpdA. In vivo testing of CpdA-03 anti-lymphoma activity in transplantable P388 murine lymphoma model showed that CpdA-03 reduced tumor volume threefold, outperforming Dex and CpdA. In conclusion, this work introduces CpdA-03 as promising new SEGRA with potential for further development as anti-lymphoma drug with fewer side effects.
Is Confucius a Philosopher or a Saint? Michele Ruggieri’s Views from his Translations of the Four Books
Authors: Wang Huiyu
Published: July 2024

Michele Ruggieri (1543-1607) was the first Westerner officially approved to reside in China. He promoted Chinese and Western cultural exchange, and he was especially noted for facilitating dialogue between Confucianism and Catholicism. His writings had an important impact in both China and Europe. During his sojourn preaching in China, Ruggieri not only wrote the Tianzhu shilu-- the first catechism written in Chinese--but he was also the first Westerner to translate the Four Books into western language and introduce them to Europe.
Based on Ruggieri’s two translations of the Four Books--one translation into Spanish, and one into Latin--this article analyses Ruggieri’s views of Confucius. In his translations, Ruggieri identified Confucius as a philosopher and a shengren, or saint, and he highlighted the status of Confucius in the Four Books. After the analysis of the Confucian concepts, this article discusses Ruggieri’s translations implied that despite showing the rational aspects of Confucianism, the religiousness was still in Confucianism. After Ruggieri, other Jesuits who came to China gradually turned to emphasize the rational aspects of Confucianism.
A Review on Data Capture, Storage, Processing, Interoperability, and Visualization for the Smart Supervision of Public Expenditure
Authors: Restrepo-Carmona Jaime Alonso , Zuluaga Juan C. , Velásquez Manuela , Zuluaga Carolina , Villamil Rosse M. , Morales Olguer , Hurtado Ángela M , Escobar Carlos A. , Sierra-Pérez Julián , Vásquez Rafael E.
Published: July 2024

Fiscal control and monitoring of public management are issues of great importance and relevance, as they focus on preventing and mitigating corruption, thus benefiting governments in their management and performance, and thus citizens. Given the large amount of data involved in the management and functioning of a government, it is pertinent to apply data analysis methods to contribute to fiscal control. This paper aims to investigate data management for this purpose, starting with a bibliometric study to demonstrate the relevance and pertinence of the current study. It examines existing data collection techniques that may facilitate such control, data storage considering its nature and the possibilities that contribute to this end, and data processing through techniques that allow obtaining adequate information for further analysis and decision making. The necessary architecture and interoperability between systems is also discussed, as the existence of large amounts and types of data in governments makes it crucial to promote these practices for accurate and truthful analysis. Finally, data visualization is addressed since this topic is highly relevant as it allows for the identification of anomalies, where proper visualization promotes appropriate analysis and thus informed decision making. This work is useful for modern audit and fiscal control entities, since data capture, storage, processing, interoperability, and visualization are crucial elements that collectively enhance the ability to supervise public expenditure effectively, ensuring that public funds are managed with the highest standards of transparency, accountability, and efficiency.
Sustainability Language Found in Forest Plans and Its Mathematical Modeling Potential
Authors: Vatandaslar Can , Bettinger Pete , Merry Krista , Gutierrez Garzon Alba Rocio , Boston Kevin , Lee Taeyoon
Published: July 2024

Over the last fifty years, management plans have become more descriptive with regard to potential sustainability of forest systems, raising questions about the feasibility of implementing management activities and ensuring sustainability of a wide variety of ecosystem services. To assess this issue, we conducted a survey among forest planning and operation research communities to understand their perceptions regarding the potential of a sample of sustainability statements currently used in forest plans to be incorporated into optimization models or other mathematical operations. The results revealed that only a few statements from the sample were deemed to have relatively mature or firm methodologies and data to enable inclusion in modern mathematical models for land use optimization. These statements were mostly related to economic sustainability, offering quantifiable information such as a non-declining flow of wood products over time and limits on the amount of timber harvested per decade. In contrast, sociocultural and, to some extent, ecological statements regarding sustainability were generally perceived to be more difficult to translate into mathematical modeling efforts. Particularly challenging were statements corresponding to sustaining natural or scenic characteristics of a forest. These findings may be attributed to various factors, including a lack of measurable indicators for sustainability and a potential lack of understanding about the modeling components and their interactions with planned management activities.
A Survey on Potentially Beneficial and Hazardous Bioactive Compounds in Cocoa Powders Samples Sourced from European Market
Authors: Esposito Luigi , Perillo Matteo , Di Mattia Carla Daniela , Scroccarello Annalisa , Della Pelle Flavio , Compagnone Dario , Sacchetti Giampiero , Mastrocola Dino , Martuscelli Maria
Published: July 2024

Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao, L.) represents an important market that gained relevance and became an esteemed commodity thanks to cocoa powder, chocolate, and other related products. This work has analyzed 59 cocoa powder samples from the European market. Three distinct subgroups were identified: organic or conventional, alkalized or not alkalized, and raw or roasted processing. The impact of the technological process was evaluated on the pH, color, and compositional traits, as content of biogenic amines and salsolinol. The phenolic fraction was also investigated trough both common and emerging methods. Results depict that the influence of the agronomical practices (organic/conventional) did not affect significatively (p<0.05) the composition of cocoa powders; similarly, the roasting process was not discriminative for the compounds traced. On the other hand, the alkalinization process greatly impacted on color, and pH, no matter of cocoa provenience, obtention, or other processes, also resulting reducing the phenolic fraction of treated samples. Principal components analysis confirmed that the alkali process acts on pH, color, and phenolic composition, but not on other bioactives molecules (BAs and salsolinol). All samples resulted safe while alkalized powders have a great reduction in beneficial biocompounds. A novel strategy could be to emphasize non-alkalized powders in the label, to meet the demand for more beneficial products.
Targeting Toll-like Receptor 4 in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives of Ulcerative Colitis: A Review
Authors: Ghosh Swapnadeep
Published: July 2024

Gastrointestinal inflammation is a key feature of several common disorders, such as cancer treatment–induced mucositis and ulcerative colitis. These conditions lead to severe symptoms, significantly affect the quality of life, and are often not well-managed. Research has suggested that the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in the inflammatory signalling pathways of the intestinal tract. Consequently, inhibiting TLR4 is proposed as a promising strategy to treat intestinal inflammation. Despite this, few studies have explored the potential of TLR4 antagonism as a therapeutic approach for intestinal inflammation. This review examined existing literature and evaluated the effects of TLR4 in various models of intestinal inflammation, including in vitro (lab-based), ex vivo (outside the organism), and in vivo (within living organisms) studies. The findings indicate that TLR4 may indeed have the potential to treat inflammation. However, only a small number of studies have directly investigated the use of TLR4 antagonists for treating intestinal inflammation. These preliminary results highlight the need for further research into the target of TLR4 for UC.
Investigating the Critical Success Factors for Tourism PPP Projects in China
Authors: YIN CHEN , MOHAMED OTHMAN BIN , YE KHO MEI
Published: July 2024

This research aims to explore and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) that increase the likelihood of successful implementation of tourism PPP projects in China. As an important step toward developing such a protocol, this study identifies and examines 22 critical success factors for tourism PPPs based on a systematic research approach, which includes a rigorous literature review, and semi-structured interviews. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the relative importance of these 22 CSF. The results show that the top three critical success factors for China’s tourism PPPs are: adequate project evaluation and demonstration; political support and stability; clear and stable policy documents on PPP. Factor analysis indicated that the 22 CSFs could be grouped into five principal success factor groups. These insights are expected to profoundly influence the development of policies related to tourism PPPs, providing a structured framework to enhance the efficiency and success of these ventures.
Changes in Soil Composition over Different Tillage Years and their Cascading Effects on Arthropod Diversity Regulation in Gravel-Sand Mulching Watermelon Fields in the Desert Steppe of Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Hai Xiang , Cao Zi Yu , Sun Wei , Wang Ying , Ban Liping , Zhang Rong , Wei Shuhua
Published: July 2024

Arthropods, the most abundant group in ecosystems, play crucial roles in human production. Soil physicochemical properties reflect soil health and are linked to arthropods through cascading effects. Gravel-sand mulching, commonly practiced in dry farming regions, initially aids in water retention and temperature regulation. However, long-term cultivation can lead to land degradation and habitat fragmentation. This study aimed to investigate field systems using multiple comparison, linear, and nonlinear correlation analyses to explore the effects of different tillage durations on soil properties and arthropod diversity under gravel-sand mulching. Results indicate that arthro-pod diversity was lower while the fields maintained better soil fertility than the desert steppe. Both soil fertility and arthropod diversity declined significantly with increased years of cultivation. Mantel tests revealed no significant response of desert steppe arthropods to the altered soil properties of gravel-sand mulched fields. However, the Generalized Additive Model analysis indicated significant linear correlations between arthropod occurrence and total nitrogen (positive), available phosphorus, and water content (negative). Arthropod abundance showed significant nonlinear correlations with total potassium, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, and organic matter (OM), with OM changes having the most pronounced impact. Thus, gravel-sand mulching can maintain soil fertility over time but at the expense of local arthropod diversity.
Advances in the Neural Network Quantization: A Comprehen-sive Review
Authors: Wei Lu , Ma Zhong , Yang Chaojie , Yao Qin
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence technologies based on deep convolutional neural networks and large lan-guage models have made significant breakthroughs in many tasks such as image recognition, target detection, semantic segmentation and natural language processing, but also face the problem of contradiction between the high computational capacity of the algorithms and the limited deployment resources. Quantization, which converts floating-point neural networks into low-bit-width integer networks, is an important and essential technique for efficient deploy-ment and cost reduction in edge computing. This paper analyze various existing quantization methods, showcase the deployment accuracy of advanced techniques, and discuss the future challenges and trends in this domain.
Enhancing Regional Quasi-Geoid Refinement Precision: An Analytical Approach Employing ADS80 Tri-linear Array Stereoscopic Imagery for Aerial Triangulation Densification and GNSS Gravity-Potential Leveling
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Gang , Yang Defang , Ding Kaihua , Dong Rendong , Ma Xuyan , Han Sipeng , Zhang Shengpeng , Zhang Yongyin
Published: July 2024

This research investigates precision enhancement in regional quasi-geoid refinement through ADS80 tri-linear array scanning stereoscopic imagery for aerial triangulation, coupled with GNSS gravity-potential modeling. Acquiring stereoscopic imagery and analyzing triangulation accuracy with the ADS80 camera, we performed this study over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's elevated, desolate terrain, collecting 593 GNSS points following high-precision stereoscopic imagery model. Utilizing 12 gravity satellite models, we computed geoid heights and China 1985 Yellow Sea elevations for 28 benchmarks and GNSS points, thereby refining the Qinghai Province Quasi-Geoid Model (QPQM) using geometric techniques. The findings reveal that POS-assisted ADS80 stereoscopic imagery yields high-precision triangulation with maximal horizontal and elevation accuracies of 0.083/0.116 cm and 0.053/0.09 cm, respectively, across five control point arrangements. The RMSE of normal heights for 1985, processed via these GNSS points, achieved decimeter precision. By applying error corrections from benchmarks to the 1985 elevation data from gravity satellites and performing weighted averaging, the precision of EGM2008, SGG-UGM-2, and SGG-UGM-1 models improved to 8.61 cm, 9.09 cm, and 9.38 cm, respectively, surpassing the QPQM by 9.22 cm to 9.99 cm. This research demonstrates that the proposed methods can significantly enhance the precision of regional quasi-geoid surfaces. Additionally, these methods offer a novel approach for rapidly establishing regional quasi-geoid models in the uninhabited areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
E-Zakat: Management Information System of Zakat (Maal and al-Fitr)
Authors: Uriawan Wisnu , Purnama Adi , Gustian Angga , Nuralim Ade Ripaldi , Fadhilah Nada , Muthmainnah Aisyah , Firmansyah Alif
Published: July 2024

The distribution of zakat, which is still carried out directly through mosques or zakat amil bodies, can hinder the payment process due to inaccurate calculations and difficulties in finding zakat amil institutions. In the digital era, information technology is very important in the management of zakat, alms, and infaq. Therefore, a zakat information management system was created. The e-Zakat program, developed using the waterfall method, plays an important role in five main aspects of zakat management: muzaki and mustahiq data collection, zakat collection, zakat distribution, mustahiq development, and reporting. The use of information technology in this program is expected to increase efficiency, accountability, transparency, as well as the reach of zakat and muzaki involvement.
SafeFood4EU: An Interdisciplinary Approach On Education for Sustainable Agri-Food Systems in Europe
Authors: Burgess Pat , Körösi Kata , Mihalev Kiril , Yovchev Aleksandar , Dimitrova-Dicheva Milena , Dinkova Rada , Vassilev Kiril , Schieber Andreas , Mehren Lea , Knuf Franziska , Elliger Lena , Georgiev Georgi
Published: July 2024

Foods are complex products consisting of various ingredients of diverse origins. Along the food supply chains, food products are prone to spoilage and safety issues, which could give rise to different health-related concerns and outcomes. Furthermore, the existing highly centralised food systems generate substantial greenhouse gas emissions and food waste. In order to strengthen the sustainable decentralised "farm-to-fork" food chains, a mindset shift supported by relevant education and policy initiatives is highly required. The ERASMUS+ KA220 project SafeFood4EU was conceived with a crucial mission- to develop an interdisciplinary and innovative toolbox of higher education and lifelong learning courses that reflect various aspects of sustainable agri-food systems. The thematic areas discussed within the SafeFood4EU project have covered food safety and supply chain management, sustainable food systems and design, food production and quality of raw materials, food authenticity and analysis, and digital and soft skills. The main objectives have been to develop a distinctive content package and make it available to the students via an e-learning management system. The project's results, aimed at creating a pool of young and capable experts, can significantly impact future food security, thereby increasing awareness about the future challenges regarding food systems transition, dietary shift and the next generation's food security.
Simultaneous Tuning of the AVR and PSS Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Periodic Oscillating Exponential Decay
Authors: Cabezas-Huerta Franklin Alfredo , Simeon-Pucuhuayla Franklin Jesus , Luyo-Kuong Jaime Eulogio , Ñaupari-Huatuco Dionicio Zocimo , Molina-Rodriguez Yuri Percy
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a new optimization algorithm to control the voltage of power system generators by the simultaneous tuning of the parameters of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) using a new technique called Particle Swarm Optimization with Periodic Oscillating Exponential Decay (PSO - POED). The proposed algorithm was applied to both the Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) Power System and the 9-Bus Multi-Machine Power System. The results of the simulation show that the proposed method is efficient and guarantees an improvement in the dynamic stability and convergence rate of the simulations.
Multifrequency Low-level Laser-Assisted Mastopexy with Lipolaser LPL9002™ in 231 Consecutive Patients Dataset
Authors: Cubillos-Valencia Gabriel , Vásquez Neidalis , Ortegón Pulido Andrés Miguel , Rivera-Porras Diego , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: July 2024

This Dataset reports the clinical information and measurements of 231 patients who underwent multifrequency low-level laser-assisted mastopexy. The Dataset was collected between February 2021 and November 2023. These data were used to assess the effect of this procedure on breast ptosis degree and the nipple to sternal notch distance to know the evolution of breast ptosis. This article presents demographic, personal and familial history, anthropometric measurements, pto-sis degree according to the Regnault system, Nipple-to-Sternal Notch distance (SNND), and complications according to the Clavien-Dindo System. The collected data were in English, and the responses were anonymised to ensure the Colombian legal framework. The data were stored in a .csv file.
Measuring the influence of key management decisions on the nitrogen nutritional status of annual ryegrass-based forage crops
Authors: Silva Luís , Barbosa Sofia , Lidon Fernando Cebola , Santos-Silva José , Conceição Luís Alcino
Published: July 2024

Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by improving agricultural practices, soil knowledge and implementing precision agriculture, is essential to reduce the overuse of fertilisers and increase nutrient retention. This study aimed to optimise N management in agriculture by establishing a critical N dilution curve (CNDC) and analysing variations in NUE and N nutrition index (NNI) among different crops under various treatments. Using a Bayesian model, the CNDC was determined as %Nc = 3.63 * PDM-0.71. The results presented that plant dry matter (PDM) and plant N content (PNC) varied significantly with crop type and sampling moments. Strong positive correlations are presented by PDM with N uptake (NUp) (0.89) and NNI (0.88), along with an inverse correlation with critical N concentration (-0.95). The study found that crops under irrigation conditions had higher NUp and higher NNI. This study provides valuable insights into the influence of key management decisions on the N nutritional status of annual ryegrass-based forage crops. The results highlight the critical role of accurate and conscious decision-making in improving NUE and crop yields, emphasising the complex interactions between biomass production and N dynamics in crops. The conclusions allow significant benefits to be realised, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural systems.
Hydrazine Oxidation in Aqueous Solutions I. N4H4 Decomposition
Authors: Breza Martin , Gatial Anton
Published: July 2024

Oxidation of a mixture of nonlabelled (14N2H4) and 15N labeled (15N2H4) hydrazine in aqueous solutions produces 14N15N molecules, indicating the intermediate existence of N4H6 or N4H4 dimers with subsequent transfers of H atoms and splitting of lateral N-N bonds. To explain the key part of hydrazine oxidation reaction, the structures, thermodynamics, and electron characteristics of N4H4 molecules in aqueous solution are investigated at CCSD/cc-pVTZ level of theory. We have not found any spontaneous splitting of the bond between lateral nitrogen atoms in tetrazenes N4H4 during geometry optimization. The most probable N4H4 oxidation products are H2N-NH2 and N2, which are obtained by splitting the bond between central nitrogen atoms and so only 15N2 and 14N2 molecules are formed. Additionally, the formation of H3N-NH and N2 oxidation products is also preferred to structures without any N-N fissions. The formation of H2N=N and HN=NH reaction products is energetically less advantageous. Cyclo-N4H4 structures are stable, without any N-N fissions, but their very high Gibbs energies indicate their vanishing abundance in aqueous solution, so their involvement in hydrazine oxidation is highly improbable. Hydrazine oxidation to 14N15N molecules cannot be explained by tetrazene N4H4 intermediates.
Cauchy-Riemann Equations for Treons
Authors: Bermejo Valdés Alejandro Jesús
Published: July 2024

We explored an extension of the Cauchy-Riemann equations to the algebra of treons, recently described by Alejandro Bermejo, whose elements are ordered 3-tuples. We leveraged the isomorphism between the algebra of treons and algebra B, and deduced the Cauchy-Riemann equations for the algebra of treons, establishing the necessary conditions for analyticity in this algebraic structure. This work significantly broadened our horizons in complex analysis and introduced new possibilities for applications across various fields of advanced mathematics.
Guardians of the Web: The Evolution and Future of Website Information Security
Authors: Islam Md Saiful
Published: July 2024

Website information security has become a critical concern in the digital age. This article explores the evolution of website information security, examining its historical development, current practices, and future directions. The early beginnings from the 1960s to the 1980s laid the groundwork for modern cybersecurity, with the development of ARPANET, TCP/IP, public-key cryptography, and the first antivirus programs. The 1990s marked a transformative era, driven by the commercialization of the Internet and the emergence of web-based services. As the Internet grew, so did the range and sophistication of cyber threats, leading to advancements in security technologies such as the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, password protection, and firewalls. Current practices in website information security involve a multi-layered approach, including encryption, secure coding practices, regular security audits, and user education. The future of website information security is expected to be shaped by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and quantum computing, as well as the increasing importance of international cooperation and standardization efforts. As cyber threats continue to evolve, ongoing research and innovation in website information security will be essential to protect sensitive information and maintain trust in the digital world.
Favorable Long-Term Outcomes of Early Esophageal Squamous Neoplasia with Muscularis Mucosa Involvement after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Yu Chen-Huan , Chou Yueh-Hung , Shieh Tze-Yu , Liu Chao-Yu , Wu Jiann-Ming , Hsieh Chen-Hsi , Lee Tzong-Hsi , Chung Chen-Shuan
Published: July 2024

Ambiguity exists over treatment and surveillance strategies after endoscopic submucosal dissec-tion (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) with unfavorable histologic features. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of ESD in high-risk ESCN patients. We retro-spectively included early ESCN patients treated with ESD at two medical centers in Taiwan be-tween August 2010 and December 2023. Demographic, endoscopic, and pathological data were collected. Among 146 patients (mean age 59.17 years) with 183 lesions, 73 (50%) had a history of head and neck cancer (HNC). En bloc and R0 resection were achieved in 100% and 95.6% of the lesions, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and local recurrence rates were 42.7%, 94.7% and 11%. R0 resection was significantly associated with re-currence in univariate analysis (adjusted OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.05-0.99, P=0.05). Alcohol abstinence was independently associated with lower recurrence (adjusted OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.08-0.48, P
In-shoe Sensor Measures of Loading Asymmetry during Gait as a Predictor of Frailty Development in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Nakanowatari Tatsuya , Hoshi Masayuki , Asao Akihiko , Sone Toshimasa , Kamide Naoto , Sakamoto Miki , Shiba Yoshitaka
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have reported that clinical walk tests could not predict development of frailty. With advancements in wearable technology, it may be possible to predict the development of frailty using loading asymmetry parameters during clinical walk test. This prospective cohort study aimed to test the hypothesis that increased limb loading asymmetry predicts frailty risk in community-living older adults. Sixty-two independently ambulant community-living adults aged ≥ 65 years were recruited, and forty-seven subjects completed the one-year follow-up after baseline. Loading asymmetry index of net and regional (forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot) plantar forces were collected using force sensing insoles (100 Hz) during a 10-m walk test with their maximum speed. Development of frailty was defined if the participant progressed from baseline at least one grading group of frailty at follow-up period using the Kihon Checklist. Fourteen subjects developed frailty at follow-up period. Increased risk of frailty was associated with each 1% increase in loading asymmetry of net impulse (Odds ratio 1.153, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.329). Loading asymmetry of net impulse significantly correlated with asymmetry of peak force in midfoot force. These results indicate the feasibility of measuring plantar forces of gait during clinical walking tests, and underscore the potential of using load asymmetry as a tool to augment frailty risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults.
Design and Synthesis of Pyridyl and 2-Hydroxyphenyl Chalcones with Antitubercular Activity.
Authors: Aziafor Kelphina , Rupareila Ketan , Zloh Mire , Parish Tanya , Brucoli Federico
Published: July 2024

A focussed library of pyridyl and 2-hydroxyphenyl chalcones were synthesized and tested for growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and normal and cancer breast cell lines. Pyridyl chalcones bearing lipophilic A-ring, e.g., dichloro-phenyl- (14), pyrene-1-yl (20)- and biphenyl-4-yl (21) moieties, were found to be the most potent of the series inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv with IC90 values ranging from 8.9 – 28 µM. Aryl chalcones containing a 3-methoxyphenyl A-ring and either p-Br-phenyl (25) or p-Cl- phenyl (26) B-rings showed an IC90 value of 28 μM. Aryl-chalcones were generally less toxic to HepG2 cells compared to pyridyl-chalcones. Dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against MDA468 cells was observed for trimethoxy-phenyl (16) and anthracene-9-yl (19) pyridyl-chalcones with IC50 values of 0.7 and 0.3 µM, respectively. Docking studies revealed that chalone 20 was predicted to bind to the M. tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatases B (PtpB) with higher affinity compared to a previously reported PtpB inhibitor.
Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Reactions of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated in Varied Juncao Grass Substrates
Authors: Claude Irambona , Aimable Nsanzinshuti , Mediatrice Hatungimana , Dongmei Lin , Zhanxi Lin , Penghu Liu , Zhou Hengyou
Published: July 2024

Background: Pleurotus ostreutus is one of the world’s most commonly consumed mushrooms. Cultivation of mushrooms using wood resources usually results in environmental issues of deforestation. Juncao grass Pennisetum sp, Arundo Donax, and Methodology: Miscanthus are the culture mediums used in this research which offered a composting system most particularly for a simple formulation, cheap and feasible for small farms in cultivating oyster mushrooms.
Results: The present study assessed the different junco grass as a substrate for growing Pleurotus ostreatus given the enzyme activities, growth, and yields. In addition, on the other hand, Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was the most active enzyme in each culture material among the other enzyme activities expressed differently between substrate and growing stages. Fruiting bodies harvested on giant grass,Arundo donax,and miscanthus,substrate weighed 159.2g/bag,132g/bag, and 65.1g/bag on average respectively. The biological efficiency of pleurotus cultivated in three different substrates was 75.2%, 63.4%, and 28.7%, respectively. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was the most active enzyme followed by Laccase in each substrate. At the same time, other enzyme activities were differently expressed between substrate and different developmental stages. Nutrient analysis revealed significant variations, with differences in polysaccharides, proteins, and amino acids among substrates as well as the presence of heavy metals as arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium content in all samples was within safe limits.
Conclusion: Findings from this study will serve as a solid foundation for future studies aimed at characterizing different substrate responses on enzyme activity. This research provides a sustainable footprint for subsequent research promoting eco-friendly mushroom production. The obtained results indicate that Arundo donax should be a good substrate in place of giant grass, using miscanthus is not productive based on the results obtained in this research the juncao grasses offer a sustainable approach that reduces reliance on wood-based substrates and enhances environmental sustainability.
An OOSEM-Based Design Pattern for Developing AUV Controllers
Authors: Sang Cao Duc , He Ngo Van , Hien Ngo Van , Khuyen Nguyen Trong
Published: July 2024

The paper introduces a control hybrid model that is designed on the basis of OOSEM (Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method), MDA (Model-Driven Architecture) concepts, RealTime UML/SysML (Unified Modeling Language/Systems Modeling Language), and an algorithm based on UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter). This hybrid model enables the implementation of control elements for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and can be adapted to reuse for most standard AUV platforms. To obtain this goal, the dynamic model of AUV is integrated with the following specializations of OOSEM/MDA, in which the analysis model is clarified via the use-case model definition and then combines with HA (hybrid automata) to precisely define the requirements for control. Next, the designed model is specialized via real-time UML/SysML to get the core control blocks, which describe the behaviors and structures of control parts in detail. This design model is then transformed into the model of implementation with the assistance of round-trip engineering to conveniently realize the controller of AUVs. Based on this new model, an AUV controller for low-cost turtle-shaped AUVs is implemented that performs tracking for a planar trajectory with accepted feasibility.
Predictive Performance of Machine Learning Models for Kidney Complications Following Coronary Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Najdaghi Soroush , Narimani Davani Delaram , Shafie Davood , Alizadehasl Azin
Published: July 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) are common complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary angiography (CAG), presenting significant clinical challenges. Machine learning (ML) models offer promise for improving patient outcomes through early detection and intervention strategies.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from inception to June 11, 2024. Study characteristics, ML Models, performance metrics (AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision), and risk of bias assessment using the PROBAST tool were extracted. Statistical analysis used a random-effects model to pool AUC values, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic.
Results: From 431 initial studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models showed the highest pooled AUCs of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80-0.90), respectively, with low heterogeneity (I² < 30%). Random Forest (RF) had a similar AUC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.92) but significant heterogeneity (I² > 90%). Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and XGBoost models had moderate pooled AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74-0.84) with high heterogeneity. RF showed strong accuracy (0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.96), while SVM had balanced sensitivity (0.69, 95% CI: 0.63-0.75) and specificity (0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.86). Age, serum creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction, and hemoglobin consistently influenced model efficacy.
Conclusions: GBM and SVM models, with robust AUCs and low heterogeneity, are effective in predicting AKI and CIN post-PCI/CAG. RF, MLP, and XGBoost, despite competitive AUCs, showed considerable heterogeneity, emphasizing the need for further validation.
Magnetodielectric and Rheological Effects in Suspensions Based on Lard, Gelatin and Carbonyl Iron Microparticles
Authors: Bunoiu Octavian Madalin , Bica Ioan , Anitas Eugen Mircea , Chirigiu Larisa-Marina-Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop low-cost, eco-friendly and circular economy-compliant composite materials by creating three types of magnetorheological suspensions (MRSs) utilizing lard, carbonyl iron (CI) microparticles, and varying quantities of gelatin particles (GP). These MRSs serve as dielectric materials in cylindrical cells used to fabricate electric capacitors. The equivalent electrical capacitance (C) of these capacitors is measured under different magnetic flux densities (B≤160 mT) superimposed on a medium-frequency electric field (f = 1 kHz) over a period of 120 seconds. The results indicate that at high values of B, by increasing the GP content to 20 vol.% decreases the capacitance C up to about one order of magnitude compared to MRS without GP. From the measured data, the average values of capacitance Cm are derived, enabling the calculation of relative dielectric permittivities (ϵr′) and the dynamic viscosities (η) of the MRSs. It is demonstrated that ϵr′ and η can be adjusted by modifying the MRS composition and fine-tuned through the magnetic flux density B. A theoretical model based on the theory of dipolar approximations is used to show that ϵr′, η and the magnetodielectric effect can be coarsely adjusted through the composition of MRSs and finely adjusted through the values B of the magnetic flux density. The ability to fine-tune these properties highlights the versatility of these materials, making them suitable for applications in various industries, including electronics, automotive and aerospace.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Sustainable Improvement of Carrot Production
Authors: Paparella Antonello , Kongala Prasada Rao , Serio Annalisa , Rossi Chiara , Shaltiel-Harpaza Liora , Husaini Amjad M. , Ibdah Mwafaq
Published: July 2024

From an agricultural perspective, carrots are a significant tap root vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family because of their nutritional value, health advantages, and economic importance. The edible part of a carrot, known as the storage root, contains various beneficial compounds such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and other nutrients. It has a crucial role in human nutrition as a significant vegetable and raw material in the nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The cultivation of carrot fields is susceptible to a wide range of biotic and abiotic hazards, which can significantly damage the plants health and decrease yield and quality. Scientific research mostly focuses on important biotic stressors, including pests like nematodes and carrot flies, as well as diseases such as cavity spots, crown or cottony rot, black rot, and leaf blight. The emerging challenges in the field include gaining a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between hosts and pathogens in the carrot-pathogen system, identifying the elements that contribute to disease development, expanding knowledge of systemic treatments, exploring host resistance mechanisms, developing integrated control programs, and enhancing resistance through breeding approaches. In fact, the primary carrot-growing regions in tropical and subtropical climates are experiencing abiotic pressures such as drought, salinity, and heat stress, which limit carrot production. This review provides an extensive, up-to-date overview of the literature on abiotic factors for enhanced and sustainable production, considering the use of intelligent technologies for farm management and production. Moreover, it addresses the current issues in the carrot production chain, opening new perspectives for the exploitation of carrots both as a food commodity and as a source of natural compounds.
Analysis of rainfall erosivity factor (R) on prediction of erosion yield using USLE and RUSLE Model’s; A case study in Mayang Watershed, Jember Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Andriyani Idah , Indarto Indarto , Soekarno Siswoyo , Pradana Masdharul Putra
Published: July 2024

The Rainfall erosivity has a relatively high effect on soil erosion, in addition to being very difficult to predict and control. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model are commonly used to predict erosion yield in Indonesia. However, these models have several erosivity formulations that give different results. In this sense, identifying the sensitivity of different erosivity formulations in both models above is important. The aim of this study is to analyze soil erosion yield prediction influenced by the difference in erosivity equation on the same rainfall data used in the models while other parameters used are the same. The monthly rainfall and annual rainfall data were tested using the erosivity formulas. The (1) Bols and (2) Utomo equations were tested using monthly rainfall data, while the (3) Bols and (4) Hurni equations were tested using annual rainfall data. The results show that the prediction of soil erosion yields estimates using monthly rainfall data in both models have no significant differences. On the other hand, soil erosion estimates using annual rainfall data in the models have significant differences, whereas the USLE model estimation results in 63% erosion yield on low classification (0-15 ton ha-1 year-1). Meanwhile, the RUSLE model estimates only 59% erosion yield on low classifications. Another result is that the USLE model estimates lower erosion yield than the RUSLE model when the models use annual rainfall data, which may give significantly different recommendations for soil conservation in Indonesia, especially in reducing erosion yield at the Watershed level.
Kreatifitas Gerak Melalui Proses Imajinasi dan Intuisi dalam Bentuk Koreografi
Authors: Nursyam Romi , Cahyadi Ojang , Suwandi Tuteng
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to find out how students develop their creativity, how students develop their imagination and intuition, and how students carry out creative movement activities through imagination and intuition into dance works. This research uses a descriptive method, examining the data that has been collected. The research method used is based on the problem to be solved, starting with a study of the development of Dance Program students' choreography using naturalistic qualitative methods. This research is expected to produce a form of learning from the teaching and learning process to the form of innovative dance works. The results of the research are a description of the students' creative process in creating movement through Imagination and Intuition processes. The research lasted 6 months, from March to October 2017.