bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creolizing the Caribbean ‘Coolie’: A biopolitical reading of Indian indentured labourers and the ethnoclass hierarchy
Authors: Hardwick Louise
Published: January 2015

Indentured immigration from India to the Caribbean began after abolition. In the French context, it is estimated that a total of 74,386 people undertook the transoceanic journey. These indentured labourers became known as ‘coolies’, although the term itself is inherently transnational, projective and ambiguous, and carries (to this day) considerable pejorative nuances. Significant differences exist between Anglophone and Francophone Caribbean perceptions of coolies. Whereas in the Anglophone world, authors such as V. S. Naipaul have raised the visibility of coolies, in Francophone Caribbean literature, coolie authors, and indeed coolie protagonists, have occupied an ambiguous, subaltern position. Drawing on Giorgio Agamben’s understanding of the relationship between biopolitics, violence and power, and in particular his concepts of ‘homo sacer’, ‘bare life’ and the ‘state of exception’, this article examines the narrative strategies adopted by Raphaël Confiant and Maurice Virassamy in their contrasting accounts of the coolie experience. The neglected position of the coolie in the complex French Caribbean ethnoclass hierarchy is explored through a biopolitical reading, reassessing questions of marginalization and exclusion to ask to what extent the coolie may be considered ‘creolized’?

L’immigration des engagés de l’Inde aux Antilles a commencé suite à l’abolition de l’esclavage. Dans le contexte français, on estime que 74 386 personnes ont entrepris le voyage transatlantique. Ces engagés furent désignés sous le nom de ‘coolies’, bien que le terme soit transnational, projectif et ambigu, et qu’il transmette, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, des nuances péjoratives. De grandes différences existent entre les perceptions anglophones et francophones des coolies. Dans le monde anglophone, des auteurs tels V. S. Naipaul ont mis en lumière la présence des coolies, tandis que dans la littérature francophone antillaise, les auteurs coolies, voire les personnages coolies, continuent d’occuper une position ambiguë et subalterne. En se référant aux idées de Giorgio Agamben sur la ‘relation entre la biopolitique, la violence et le pouvoir, et surtout à ses concepts d’homo sacer, de ‘la vie nue’ et de ‘l’état d’exception’, cet article traite de la signification des stratégies narratives adoptées par Raphaël Confiant et Maurice Virassamy dans leurs textes sur l’expérience dite ‘coolie’. La position du coolie dans la hiérarchie complexe des ethnoclasses aux Antilles francophones sera analysée à partir d’une lecture biopolitique, qui conduira à une reconsidération de la marginalisation et de l’exclusion du coolie, pour tenter de comprendre enfin dans quelle mesure nous pouvons considérer le coolie comme étant ‘créolisé’.
Fortress Europe: Identity, race and surveillance
Authors: Thomas Dominic
Published: January 2015

Recent realignments of the global geopolitical landscape have further exacerbated the plight of migrants, displaced as they have been by repressive dictatorships, social upheaval and the lingering consequences associated with conflict and political turmoil, inducing children, women and men to board makeshift and unseaworthy crafts in an attempt to reach the Mediterranean shores of Europe. These ocean crossings have been punctuated by images of shipwrecks and bodies washed ashore. Yet, comprehensive efforts continue to be made to harmonize policy between EU member states in order to further restrict migration. Additionally, attempts have been made to promote a sense of shared identity, for the most part through recourse to exclusionary mechanisms that have fastened on the non-Europeanness of Third Country Nationals. Far Right political parties have been especially adept at exploiting these cultural and social fractures, and recent electoral successes have resulted in their policy agendas being further mainstreamed as other political parties have recognized the incontrovertible appeal of their arguments. The founding principles of the European Union now find themselves subjected to scrutiny as observers monitor the capacity of the institution to address these twenty-first-century challenges.

De récents réalignements dans le paysage géopolitique mondial ont exacerbé la détresse des migrants qui sont déplacés par des dictatures répressives, des bouleversements sociaux, et les conséquences persistantes des conflits et de l’agitation politique. Par conséquent, enfants, femmes et hommes tentent d’atteindre les rivages méditerranéens de l’Europe dans des embarcations improvisées et précaires. Ces traversées de l’océan ont été ponctuées par des images de naufrages et de corps échoués sur le rivage. Cependant, de vastes efforts continuent d’être faits pour harmoniser la politique entre les membres des états de l’Union européenne afin de restreindre davantage les migrations. De plus, des tentatives ont été entreprises pour promouvoir un sens de l’identité partagée, en majeure partie à travers un recours aux mécanismes exclusifs liés à la non-européanité de ressortissants de pays tiers. Les partis politiques de l’extrême droite ont été particulièrement adeptes dans l’exploitation de ces fractures culturelles et sociales. Par suite de récents succès électoraux, leurs agendas politiques ont été récupérés par des partis politiques dominants qui ont reconnu l’incontestable attrait de leurs arguments. Les principes fondateurs de l’Union européenne se trouvent maintenant remis en question car les observateurs surveillent la capacité de ces institutions à répondre aux défis du XXIème siècle.
The comparative study of Spain and Portugal in the social sciences: Insight from the study of immigration to the Iberia peninsula
Authors: Larson Jared D.
Published: January 2015

While the term ‘Iberian’, as in Iberian Studies, is far from ambiguous, its use is often short of comprehensive. In the social sciences, and more specifically in the field of migration studies, few students or scholars of the Spanish case are well versed in the realities of Portugal and vice-versa. But as Iberianists, unless we truly study the whole of the Peninsula, we limit the reach of our research and forego the rich insight that comparative work provides, especially in terms of theory building. This article proffers two reasons why the comparative study of the politics of immigration to Spain and Portugal has not been maximized and two reasons why an intensified sense of ‘Iberianism’ would deepen our own understanding of the social realities within the Peninsula and offer our counterparts in other area studies, particularly migration scholars, the tools with which to build on migration theory.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bogain Ariane , Fereday Charlotte , Fernández Juan Senís , Polotto María Lydia , Ryan Richard
Published: January 2015

France Divided – the French and the Civil War in Spain, David Wingeate Pike (2011) Brighton: Sussex University Press, ISBN 978-1-84519-514-4 (hbk), £35.

The Novels of Josefina Aldecoa. Women, Society and Cultural Memory in Contemporary Spain, Nuala Kenny (2012) Woodbridge: Tamesis Books, 258 pp. ISBN 978-1-85566-244-5 (hbk), £55.

Life-writing in Carmen Martín Gaite’s Cuadernos de todo and her Novels of the 1990s, María-José Blanco López de Lerma (2013) Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 220 pp., Tamesis, Série A: Monografías, ISBN 978-1-85566-247-6 (hbk), £50.

Intersecciones: Cuerpos Y Sexualidades En La Encrucijada, Raquel (Lucas) Platero (2012) Madrid: Edicions Bellaterra, 327 pp., ISBN 978-84-7290-603-7 (pbk), €18.

The Spanish Civil War; Exhuming a Buried Past, Anindya Raychaudhuri (ed.) (2013) Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 230 pp., ISBN 978-0-7083-2578-0 (hbk), £90.00.
The rise and fall of a contentious social policy option – narratives around the Ugandan Anti-Homosexuality Bill in the domestic press
Authors: Strand Cecilia
Published: January 2015

In 2009, the Anti-Homosexuality Bill was introduced to the Ugandan parliament for consideration. This article analyses how the domestic press, most notably the privately owned, substantially changed the narratives around the Bill during the first eight months after it had been introduced to the general public. The study argues that although a traditional content analysis reveals changes in media’s attention, media narratives, it does not tell us much about the intricate interplay behind those emerging narratives. The article thus argues for a need to supplement content analysis with a broader analysis of the socio-political context, including transnational anti-gay and human rights activism, international politics on gender and sexuality, as well as aid dependence for understanding changing media narratives on a domestic social policy option.
Ethical dilemma revisited: PBO newspapers and the professional elbowroom of the Nigerian journalist
Authors: Ojebode Ayobami
Published: January 2015

Focusing on politician-businessperson-owned (PBO) newspapers, the study examined how loyalty to the owners’ multiple interests has reduced the professional elbowroom of the Nigerian journalist. Through in-depth interviews and textual analysis, the study found that journalists in PBO newspapers are extremely constrained on the kind of stories they write and how. Caught in the conflict between professionalism and pandering to the owners’ layers of political and economic interests, many journalists submit, while some rebel. The narrowed elbowroom is a reason for many of the ethical violations among Nigerian journalists.
Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems in the Zimbabwean media industry and the debate on self-regulation
Authors: Mhiripiri Nhamo Anthony
Published: January 2015

Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems (ADRs) for conflict resolution in the media are processes ‘alternative’ to statutory courts. Players in the Zimbabwean media industry are developing and promoting ADRs as a means of evading the restrictive, expensive and time-consuming legal courts. Media and complainants arguably have speedier and satisfying resolutions outside the courts. However, typical of Zimbabwe there are marked signs of contestation, controversy and lack of unanimity with regard to the ADRs. On the one hand, there is the Voluntary Media Council of Zimbabwe (VMCZ), a self-regulatory structure favoured by the privately owned media players. On the other hand, there is the Zimbabwe Media Commission (ZMC) formed under statutory law and whose structure is still not adequate to resolve cases brought before it. VMCZ and ZMC are contesting for legitimacy and in various ways they present dialectical positions on the debate on self-regulation. One media house, Alpha Media Holdings, has formed its own ADR system that uses the ombudsman. This article uses press reports and interviews of key people in the media and the ADRs in order to ascertain the effectiveness and problems of the evolving processes, making comparisons with the United Kingdom and South African scenarios where similar debates on Press Councils are topical, especially after the publication of the report on the Leveson Enquiry.
Climate change in Ugandan media: A ‘Global Warming’ of journalism ethics
Authors: Semujju Brian
Published: January 2015

The idea of climate change has reached a contentious breaking point at an international level where its major causes, existence and intensity are separating informed minds. This article is an examination of the four major schools of thought on climate change and how two newspapers in Uganda are covering those divergent views. The article argues that in the coverage of global warming in particular the hitherto treasured notion of objectivity has been replaced by a form of blind journalism instigated by frames from local and international stakeholders. The study analyses content from two newspapers in Uganda to show that media in Uganda cover the resonating frame, which argues that climate change is a time bomb, with total disregard for other views or their existence. Guided by the framing theory, the article suggests that a detachment of climate change from international meanings and an introduction of the ‘scientific spirit’ will restore balance by inviting media to explore counter-frames.
Book Review
Authors: Ndlela Martin Nkosi
Published: January 2015

African Video Movies and Global Desires, A Ghanaian History, C. Garritano (2013) Athens, USA: Ohio University Press, p/bk, ISBN: 13  978-0-89680-286-5, $26
The heart of darkness
Authors: Newell Hannah
Published: January 2015

Examining the controversial art practice of Dutch artist Renzo Martens, this article examines the ‘heart of darkness’ beating within contemporary social practice. Written for a collection of texts on the theme of ‘exchange’ and concentrating on Martens’s most recent project, the Institute for Human Activities (IHA), based on a Congolese plantation, this piece asks what is really exchanged through participation in social art and who really benefits.
Material Communications
Authors: Diatta Doremy
Published: January 2015

All of us have a place in our homes where we keep meaningful things. These are things that would be devastating to lose or have destroyed. Our relationship with these things shows us how we have a fundamental, innate relationship to the objects around us. It is curious how design might begin to play a strategic role here. Design can be defined as a process that acts as a mediator between people, objects and spaces often concentrated on ergonomics, economic efficiency, functionality, ‘sustainability’ and technology. Material Communications provides a way for makers to critique this and adapt their existing design process in order to take care and reflect on the meaning and significance of supplying individuals with material objects. The process of designing products and environments is rich with tactics for making and arranging tangible objects and spaces. Unfortunately, design in its current state is yet to provide a strategy that explicitly addresses this potential. As an interior and product designer, my research is focused around re-orienting the design process as a strategy to slow down and to nurture our relationships to artefacts.

Material Communications is a strategy applied in family therapy that expands the understanding of the cognitive world for designers, and reveals the value of the material world for cognitive scientists. This research method has been put into action in a case study within child and family therapy. Through this research I have asked, ‘How might the process for design be used to bridge the gap between the material world and the cognitive world?
Notes on China: Sketchbook response to Beijing Residency 2014
Authors: Papasian Cheryl
Published: January 2015

The basis of this project and the sketchbook response to the Beijing residency was to summarize my findings on geologic formations that are created in Beijing’s parks and public spaces and how these can be used in the studio as reference materials in creating representational and abstract sculptures made of bronze, copper, aluminium and iron. Chinese ink paintings were used as a starting point for creating photographic dioramas in the studio, using the faux stone and rock techniques used in fabricated landscape gardens. Upon completion of the residency, a series of metal sculptures based on stones incorporating a sense of faux landscape features had been cast successfully.
Portraits of a Queen: The photography of Paul Bennett-Todd
Authors: Tobias-Green Karen
Published: January 2015

This historical series of photographs, produced by the photographer Paul Bennett-Todd, selects from the period 2002–03 thirty images taken at the ‘SpeedQueen’ night at the Warehouse Club in Leeds. Bennett-Todd has presented this snapshot of the venue at the apex of its vibrancy and popularity; clientele at their self-assured peak. An energetic and inclusive event, ‘SpeedQueen’ embodied in its walls an almost poetic celebration of sexuality, transgender, class, race and age. ‘SpeedQueen’ ran at the Warehouse from 1997 to 2006, capturing the culture and colours of the new millennium where people, environment and music combined. Like Wigan casino and Manchester’s Hacienda, SpeedQueen (appearing originally as ‘Vague at the Warehouse’ between 1993 and 1996 occupies an almost mythological place in queer subculture’s own folklore.
Framing forces: Models of cinema expressed by films that frame painting
Authors: Payne Simon
Published: January 2015

This article looks at ways in which a number of films have employed painting in order to substantiate the aesthetics of cinema that they envisage. The focus of the article specifically concerns the differences between centrifugal and centripetal forces at the edges of paintings and the limits of the film frame. Beginning with examples from narrative cinema, the article turns to look at crossovers between the aesthetics of painting and cinema in the context of experimental film, from early exponents of abstract cinema in the 1920s through to more recent examples.
The influence of cinema on painting
Authors: Manghani Sunil
Published: January 2015

The Journal of Contemporary Painting invited painters to reflect on how cinema influences their practice. Nine statements are collated here from the artists Mario Rossi, Lydia Dona, Denise Green, David Salle, Jeremy Sharma, Matt Saunders, Dan Hays, Olivier Gourvil and Kaye Donachie. Each offer their own reflections on how film, as both a medium and cultural phenomenon, can be situated with regards to their own practice as well as with respect to how we understand the medium of paint more broadly. The commentaries offer personal, even frank remarks attuned to the specificities of both mediums. The commentaries are introduced with an overview by Sunil Manghani, which includes an account of the film-maker Martin Scorsese remarking on the revered painter, Caravaggio, as a means to turn the lens around to look at how a film-maker regards painting.
A conversation between Donald Smith and Daniel Sturgis at Chelsea Space on the occasion of ‘Almost Bliss: Notes on Derek Jarman’s Blue’
Authors: Sturgis Daniel
Published: January 2015

The article is a conversation between the author Daniel Sturgis and Donald Smith on the occasion of an exhibition of work by Derek Jarman: ‘Almost Bliss: Notes on Derek Jarman’s Blue’ at Chelsea Space, London (29 January–15 March 2014). Smith curated the exhibition, which focused on Jarman’s notebooks for his seminal late film Blue (1993). The way the exhibition was displayed disrupted the architectural spaces of the gallery and immersed spectators into a charged environment. The conversation illuminates Jarman’s working processes, his influence from the work of Yves Klein and reflects on how the exhibition space and installation can speak around its subject.
Response to Stanley Cavell’s The World Viewed
Authors: Jenner Paul
Published: January 2015

Stanley Cavell’s The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology Film (1979 [1971]) is patient with the ways in which common sense is threatened by our experience of film. The book offers a perspective rather than an overview, foregrounding its own conditions – working mostly from the memory of films, for instance, and seeking to focus Cavell’s sense of a discontinuity in his moviegoing experience. Questions of cinematic ontology, held at an experiential level, join a broad philosophical-historical narrative concerning our lack of presentness to the world. Both of these strands develop preoccupations and discoveries found in Cavell’s reception of ordinary language philosophy. Disclosing the contours of the cinematic through juxtapositions with other media, in ways evoking both medium-specific and post-medium concerns, Cavell’s study of film further establishes the reach of his key term, ‘acknowledgment’.
Jackson Pollock and Piero della Francesca Ride Lonesome
Authors: Reed David
Published: January 2015

The article discusses the relationship between cinematic practice, space and painting and in particular Budd Boetticher’s film Ride Lonesome from 1959, Jackson Pollock’s paintings and Piero della Francesca’s The Story of the True Cross that was painted between 1447 and 1466. The CinemaScopic landscapes of Ride Lonesome are discussed as a touchstone to explore the western genre’s relationship to Pollock’s painterly spaces as well as the psychological integration of the characters into the film’s locations. The Story of the True Cross, like Ride Lonesome, uses objects to represent the hidden powers at work in the landscape.
Touch screen
Authors: Donszelmann Bernice
Published: January 2015

The article takes as its starting point the assertion that the question of surface is inseparable from the question of the human body in respect of painting. Surface in painting exists as the interface between a possible virtual, projected space and the painting’s material skin – which, at least in principle, is accessible to bodily touch. The understanding and meaning of this point of interface undergoes complications and shifting formulations over painting’s history, however. The engagement of the paintings of David Reed with the transformed meaning of the painted surface via the mediation of the screen in contemporary culture, in particular that of the cinematic image, forms the main object of analysis of the article which draws upon art historical analysis, film theory and phenomenology.
Writing touch in textile: Talking touch in tactility
Authors: Bonenfant Yvon
Published: January 2015

This article explores the ‘translation’ of live, extended voice performance, imbued with tactile intention, into an archival document that attempts to perform in a way that includes tactile communication. Through re-embodying somatic vocal performance within a format that includes hand-made textile art, the author traces the conversion of the live performance Soie soyeuse into an artist’s book. The resulting artwork takes a stab at talking about the live performance in a way that includes direct, tactile communication with the reader of the book. Placing this in a context of how else we might think about writing for, with, and about tactile performance, the article militates for a model of the articulation of performance as research that works directly on the haptic register of sensation, with all of the contradictions and difficult questions this might raise.
Topophilia and Topophobia: Charting site-based movement on the vertical
Authors: Sweeney Rachel
Published: January 2015

Reflecting on pre-existing models of site-based contemporary performance practice, this article will introduce dance ecologist Rachel Sweeney’s recent experiences participating in the Vertical Nature Base dance and rock-climbing collaborative project together with Steve Batts and Dan Shipsides in coastal northern Donegal. Here the author’s on-hand experiences of negotiating vertical and horizontal site-based movement strategies will challenge the notion of gravity as informing dance’s interrogation of site, illustrating how emergent responses to moving from the horizontal to the vertical might present their own critique of map-making, performance writing and ephemera, in moving between different kinesthetic states as defined by proximity to land. Underlying the writing here, the terms topophobia and topophilia point to the body’s own physiological response that can shift register considerably between these polarized sensations as the body seeks to re-establish its own parameters for movement both on and off the ground.
Notes, sounds, outsides and insides: Perspectives on pitch in acousmatic music
Authors: Young John
Published: January 2015

Acousmatic music has facilitated some of the most radical extensions of musical materials and methods available to the composer, moving beyond the traditional instrumental paradigm centred on melodic and harmonic forms derived from focal pitch that can be conveniently notated in the abstract form of a score. Two perspectives on the role and perception of pitch in acousmatic music are considered. First, in works of complex textural and spectral construction in which, as an inherently salient dimension of listening, perception of pitch can function as an important element of structural focus and definition. Second, it is viewed from a spectralist approach to sound materials, where components of the partial structure of a physical object’s sound can be made available as individual and timbrally related pitch identities but which retain an organic connection to a source sound. Analytical examples are drawn from widely available works from the acousmatic repertoire. Sound examples (in 44.1kHz 24 bit format) can be found at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/8946
‘Doing the Alexander’: On Christmas motifs in Bergman’s Fanny and Alexander
Authors: Steene Birgitta
Published: January 2015

This short subject examines Christmas motifs in Ingmar Bergman’s film Fanny and Alexander with particular emphasis on autobiographical, literary and ethnographic roots, and explores visual and psychological themes defining the contrasting lifestyles of the Ekdahl and Vergérus households: joie de vivre vs rigid moralism; sensuality vs asceticism; light vs darkness; magic vs stark realism; and theatrical performance vs church dogma.
Transnational Christmas in Mona J. Hoel’s ‘Dogme 95’ film Cabin Fever
Authors: Rees Ellen
Published: January 2015

This article examines how Mona J. Hoel activates Christmas and the cabin – two mainstays of Norwegian identity – in her 2000 ‘Dogme 95’ film Når nettene blir lange/Cabin Fever in order to comment upon the increasingly complex and transnational nature of contemporary society, where people move and marry freely across international borders. The author argues that the movie functions as an allegory in which a precariously transnational family event can be read as a stand-in for the small nation of Norway, struggling to maintain its self-image and identity in a period of increasing globalization. The progression of the action in the film follows a pattern similar to that of Thomas Vinterberg’s Festen/The Celebration (1998) – a film that has also been read as a contemporary national allegory – but the substitution of Christmas for a birthday party and a cabin for a hotel directs attention to and questions a specifically Norwegian cultural identity.
Death at Christmas: Christmas in Norwegian children’s films
Authors: Bjerkeland Ingvild
Published: January 2015

Traditionally there has been a general tendency of thematic seriousness and bitter endings in the Scandinavian children’s film. This orientation is influenced by prevailing cultural discourses in the Scandinavian countries on the qualities of children’s cultural products, and by the notion that children’s films ought to familiarize the audience with difficult, dangerous and frightening issues so that children can learn how to deal with their problems. As an analysis of three Norwegian children’s films demonstrates, Christmas films are no exception. Pitbullterje/‘Pitbull-Terje’ (Fröhlich, 2005), I et speil, i en gåte/Through a Glass, Darkly (Nielsen, 2008) and Bestevenner/Rafiki (Lo, 2009) do not portray Christmas as a magical time of year where acts of kindness, or even angels, can solve every problem. Instead, these films use the Christmas setting as a narrative strategy, and through the dichotomy between ‘the conventional Christmas’ and the dark, miserable Christmas experienced by the characters, the emotional impact of the film is enhanced. The young protagonists are not only facing difficult trials like bullying, angst, cancer and war, they are doing so at Christmas, which is supposed to be a time of joyful celebration.
Christmas satire on Swedish television: Christopher’s Christmas Mission
Authors: Jernudd Åsa
Published: January 2015

The short subject argues that the short animated film, Sagan om Karl-Bertil Jonssons julafton/Christopher’s Christmas Mission, which is screened annually on Swedish public service television to the delight of around a million spectators, offers sharp satire criticizing lingering class inequalities in the 1970s, despite decades of Social Democratic rule.
Danish TV Christmas calendars: Folklore, myth and cultural history
Authors: Agger Gunhild
Published: January 2015

This article aims at characterizing the Danish Christmas calendar as a TV institution and a meeting place for the traditions of the almanac, folklore and the history of culture. Against the background of a brief outline of the history of Danish Christmas calendars, the article explores ways in which this traditional genre has succeeded in renewing itself. The so-called Pyrus series, TV 2’s Christmas calendars during the mid-1990s, exhibited folklore, myth and cultural history in a combination of entertainment and information. They were succeeded by calendars such as Jul i Valhal/‘Christmas in Valhalla’ (2005), Absalons hemmelighed/‘The Secret of Absalon’ (2006), Mikkel og guldkortet/‘Mikkel and the Golden Card’ (2008) and Pagten/‘The Covenant’ (2009). Some of these added cultural criticism to the repertoire of the genre.
Identifying the nature, magnitude and sources of public support for political parties in Portugal: An individual-level analysis
Authors: TEIXEIRA CONCEIÇÃO PEQUITO , PEREIRA PAULO ALMEIDA
Published: January 2015

This article reviews the case of the oft-claimed ‘crisis of parties’ in Portugal, and argues that such controversy rests at least in part on ‘ambiguous’ evidence. We will try to answer three fundamental questions: (1) how do Portuguese citizens view and evaluate
political parties? (2) What are the sources of public support for political parties in Portugal? And (3) why does anti-party rhetoric resonate with some citizens, but not others? The analysis of empirical data allows the following conclusions. First, citizens’ attitudes towards the parties
have a multi-dimensional nature, so it is possible to distinguish two key dimensions conceptually and empirically: diffuse support and specific support for parties. Second, the two types of public support for parties have different sources at the individual level. Third, in the eyes of the
Portuguese citizen, parties became a kind of ‘necessary evil’, being criticised for ‘what they actually do’ and supported for ‘what they are supposed to do’.
Portuguese immigrants in Caracas: Social networks and transnational connectivity
Authors: DINNEEN MARK
Published: January 2015

The focus of this article is the dynamic and very visible Portuguese diaspora in Caracas, the result of steady migration between the mid-1940s and early-1980s. It highlights the crucial role of the extensive social networks created by Portuguese immigrants and draws on the now well-established
notion of ‘transnational connectivity’ to examine the complex relationships the diaspora has forged simultaneously with receptor society and homeland. The aim is to enhance understanding of the particular characteristics of the diaspora, the notable changes it has undergone over
the decades, and the extraordinary contribution it has made to Venezuela’s economic and social development.
Inventory of Life Satisfaction (ILS): A validation study among Portuguese middleaged and older people
Authors: FONSECA ANTÓNIO , TEIXEIRA LAETITIA , PAÚL CONSTANÇA
Published: January 2015

The construct of life satisfaction assumes increased relevance with the awareness that ‘live longer’ is not the only desirable result of the increase of longevity. The main goal of this study is to provide descriptive information about prevalence of three factors with respect
to life satisfaction – Health and Safety, Services and Resources, Residence and Sociability. The construction and validation for the Portuguese middle-aged and older population (N=1321) of a life satisfaction instrument was carried through. The proposed three-factor solution provides
standard and adequate psychometric requirements for reliable and valid measurement. Therefore Services and Resources, Health and Safety, and Residence and Sociability may be used as determinants of life satisfaction of middle-aged and older people not only considering the heterogeneity of
the ageing process itself but also because different groups of older people even within a similar cohort might differ in their experience of life satisfaction.
PETA making social noise: A perspective on shock advertising
Authors: Matusitz Jonathan , Forrester Maya
Published: January 2015

This article analyses People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals’ (PETA) strategies for making social noise, a form of public communication that is sufficiently attention grabbing to be ‘heard’. A common social noise tactic is shock advertising. It has a magic-bullet
effect; when PETA resorts to graphic video recordings of animal abuse, it instils feelings of ‘shock’ to get its point across. Unlike many other studies on PETA and its advertising strategies, this analysis is distinctive in that it mostly bases the principle of shock advertising
on the theory of social noise. The latter adds fresh insights to our understanding of visual legitimacy in the twenty-first century.
Algorithms for the extinction event
Authors: Kroker Arthur , Kroker Marilouise , 2bears Jackson
Published: January 2015

The authors explore the kinetic energy of end times in a digital age based on their recent video After the Drones, produced with artist Jackson 2bears.
That's All Folks…
Authors: Davis Christine , MacKenize Scott
Published: January 2015

Introduction to the issue
Selected Songs for the end of the world
Authors: Zweig Alan
Published: January 2015

List of songs with a selection of lyrics all dealing with the apocalypse.
Living As Form edited by Nato Thompson
Authors: DiRisio Michael
Published: January 2015

Review of: Living As Form edited by Nato Thompson
Discursive underground: Re-transcribing the history of art education using critical multicultural education
Authors: Acuff Joni Boyd
Published: January 2015

This article proposes the application of three primary tenets of critical multicultural education to assist art educators in re-conceptualizing myopic histories of art education currently dominating the field. Traditionally, voices of those from non-dominant groups have rested on the outskirts of most American art education historical narratives. Critical multicultural education provides an alternative framework as it examines the subjugation of certain non-dominant cultural knowledge and voices. Critical multicultural education re-directs investigations of power as it relates to culture construction and maintenance, knowledge creation and culture fluidity. The objective of this article is to challenge art educators to re-evaluate firmly established historical ‘truths’, and encourage them to recognize a broader audience of voices in order to articulate the cultural complexity of the history of art education.
Knowing our history: An examination of arguments over the terminal degrees of artists in the 1960s in America
Authors: Bowman Harrigan McMahon
Published: January 2015

Recent debate has arisen regarding the utility and value of a Ph.D. for the creative artist, where the M.F.A. most often serves as the terminal degree in the field. Yet many engaged in the debate surrounding this degree on the horizon are unaware of the historical discourses that both gave birth to the current-day terminal status in the United States as well as similarly questioned the purposes of the Ph.D. more than 50 years ago when a decision was upheld by the College Art Association in 1960 that the M.F.A. be the terminal degree for artists rather than the Ph.D.. In this article the author reviews the proceedings of three arguments set forth either for or against the Ph.D. at the 1959 Midwestern College Art Conference that informed the College Art Association’s decision, arguments made by Dr Manuel Barkan, Dr Louis Hoover and Dean Kenneth Hudson. Through an interpretive textual analysis, this article examines in-depth the language and logic of the ‘winning’ argument in favour of the M.F.A. as terminal. This debate in 1959 has yet to be critically examined by scholars, and includes conceptions of the artist that continue to be held to this day. The author here examines how arguments particularly by Dean Hudson, which represent the ‘winning’ stance that the M.F.A. be considered terminal, served to romanticize the artist while pitting him against the goals and practices of the academy, arguments that the author believes still linger today and that continually require committed critical examination by both sides of the debate. Such scholarship recognizes the indispensible role that knowing our own history plays in the descriptions, metaphors and images of the status quo that we ourselves construct about the artist in the university even today.
A. B. Jackson and the ‘black art’ paradigm
Authors: McGuire Kathryn Waggener
Published: January 2015

This brief biography introduces the life of American painter Alexander Brooks ‘A. B.’ Jackson (1925–1981) and seeks to better establish his place in the annals of American Art and Education history. A student of renowned colour field painter Josef Albers at Yale, and the first black professor at Old Dominion University in Virginia, Jackson represents a connection between the teaching methods of Germany’s Bauhaus design school and the politics and aesthetics of segregation in America during the 1960s and 1970s. Art by African American artists of Jackson’s generation is often examined either in terms of a radicalized political stance, or in the context of abstract expressionism – often linked to the self-described (or presumed) rhythm and attitudes of African American identity. Jackson’s work and professional identity did not adhere to the trends spurred by the nation’s heated racial tensions, and therefore defies current educational and aesthetic categorization. A deeper understanding of Jackson’s experience, methods as an artist, and greater body of work are sought through interviews, archival research, and an examination of why his presence amongst the greater perception of ‘black art’ is largely omitted from scholarly resources.
Christof Drexel (1886–1979): Maler X
Authors: Faye Allison
Published: January 2015

Although German Expressionism is understood as a heterogeneous art movement that includes diverse forms, scholarly attention is just beginning to turn towards its more distinctive outliers. A review of the life and art of Christof Drexel, whose work has yet to be fully explored, gives voice to vital pedagogical impulses influential to the generative artistic landscape of early modernism.
Identification of microalgae Prototheca Spp. specific immunogenic proteins using proteomics analysis
Authors: Irrgang Alexandra , Weise Christoph , Murugaiyan Jayaseelan , Roesler Uwe
Published: January 2015

Introduction
Microalgae of the genus Prototheca (P.) are non-green unicellular algae closely related to Chlorella spp. Prototheca spp. are associated with rare but severe infections in vertebrates, often referred to as Protothecosis. Among cattle, it is associated with a resistant form of bovine mastitis and hence is of economic importance. The main infectious agent appears to be P. zopfii genotype 2 (GT 2), whereas genotype 1 is classified as non-virulent. In addition, P. blaschkeae is also isolated from cattle affected by bovine mastitis. It is of interest to investigate specific antigenic proteins present in GT2 that might be responsible for its infectivity.

Materials and methods
Whole cell protein extracts from P. zopfii GT1, GT2 and P. blaschkeae were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) followed by Western Blotting using serum from rabbits experimentally challenged with GT2. 91 spots (23 of P. zopfii GT2, 33 of GT1, and 35 of P. blaschkeae) were excised, digested with trypsin and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Results
In the absence of Prototheca genome information, about 68% (61 proteins) of investigated proteins were identified. They were mainly involved in energy metabolism, transcription, cellular transport, and cell signaling. Three proteins (transcription elongation factor 1-alpha, malate dehydrogenase, and heat shock protein 70) appear to be common antigens among P. zopfii GT1, GT2 and P. blaschkeae.

Conclusion
Enhanced metabolism might be attributed to the survival of the algae in the macrophages during the early stage of infection. Further investigations using serum from naturally infected hosts such as cows or dogs might provide additional clues on the mechanism of this algal infection.
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint (?frozen shoulder?) in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maximova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Amosova Maria Vadimovna , Tsvetkova Evdokiya Sergeevna , Chubrova Natalya Alexandrovna , Mel’nichenko Galina Afanas'evna
Published: January 2015

Adhesive capsulitis (АС) has an incidence of 20% in diabetic patients. The tightening of the shoulder capsule ("freezing") can cause gradually increasing limitation in active and passive range of motion (ROM) of shoulder. Consequences of the increasing limitations are reduced quality of life and patient disability. It is thought that AC is a self-limiting disorder that resolves in 1?2.5 years in most cases. However, new clinical data indicate both long-term persistent pain and residual loss of motion in 10% of patients without diabetes and in 85% of patients with diabetes. In this review, we summarize the results from different clinical trials in which risk factors and pathogenesis of AC in diabetic patients as well as the diagnosis and efficacy of various methods for the treatment of AC were examined.
Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells after endovascular interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Michurova Marina Sergeevna , Kalashnikov Victor Yur'evich , Smirnova Olga Michailovna , Ivanova Olga Nikolaevna , Terekhin Sergey Anatol'evich
Published: January 2015

Aim. To investigate the mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after endovascular interventions for coronary and peripheral arteries. Materials and Methods. The levels of EPC in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry in 42 patients prior to endovascular intervention and 2?4 days after surgery. EPC were defined as CD34+ VEGFR2+ CD45- and CD34+ CD133+CD45- cells. Twenty-three patients with T2DM were included in group 1, and 19 patients without metabolic disorders were included in group 2. Results. The levels of EPC in the peripheral blood of patients with T2DM before and after endovascular interventions were not significantly different. In the subgroup of patients without TDM2, the levels of CD34+VEGFR2 +CD45- cells increased after surgery to 55,5% (p
Metabolic characteristics and therapeutic potential of brown and ?beige? adipose tissues
Authors: Koksharova Ekaterina Olegovna , Mayorov Alexander Yur'evich , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: January 2015

According to the International Diabetes Federation, 10.9 million people have diabetes mellitus (DM) in Russia; however, only up to 4 million are registered. In addition, 11.9 million people have impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose levels [1]. One of the significant risk factors for type 2 DM (T2DM) is obesity, which increases insulin resistance (IR). IR is the major pathogenetic link to T2DM. According to current concepts, there are three types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and ?beige?, of which the last two types have a thermogenic function. Some research results have revealed the main stages in the development of adipocytes; however, there is no general consensus regarding the development of ?beige? adipocytes. Furthermore, the biology of BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue is currently being intensively investigated, and some key transcription factors, signalling pathways and hormones that promote the development and activation of these tissues have been identified. The most discussed hormones are irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21, which have established positive effects on BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue with regard to carbohydrate, lipid and energy metabolism. The primary imaging techniques used to investigate BAT are PET-CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With respect to the current obesity epidemic and associated diseases, including T2DM, there is a growing interest in investigating adipogenesis and the possibility of altering this process. BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue may be targets for developing drugs directed against obesity and T2DM.
Relationship of hypoglycemia and glucose variability with autonomic dysfunction in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Laptev Dmitriy Nikitich
Published: January 2015

Aim. Glucose variability (GV) and hypoglycaemia frequency and duration, depending on cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were evaluated. Materials and methods. One hundred and thirty T1DM patients, aged 6?18 years, were included in this study. The study included 3 tests:. continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with GV evaluation, frequency and duration of hypoglycaemia;24-h ECG monitoring with automatic calculation of QTc interval and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters;cardiovascular autonomic tests.Results. The estimated prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was 19.2%. CAN positive (CAN+) patients had lower values from cardiovascular autonomic tests and HRV and longer QTc intervals compared with CAN negative (CAN-) patients (p
Insulin glargine: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis of clinical effect
Authors: Klimontov Vadim Valer'evich , Myakina Natalya Evgen'evna
Published: January 2015

Glargine became the first long-acting insulin analogue. Glargine was designed to meet basal insulin requirements throughout the day with a single injection. Pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine is characterized by biotransformation into metabolites M1 and M2 that transforms the B chain of glargine so it is similar to the B chain of human insulin. Plasma concentrations of active M1 and M2 metabolites have no pronounced peaks during the day, resulting in lower glucose variability and hypoglycaemia risk when compared with NPH insulin. The metabolic activities of M1 and M2 metabolites are similar to the effect of glargine, whereas the mitogenic effects of these metabolites do not exceed the effect of human insulin. Insulin glargine shows a higher affinity for the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor when compared with human insulin. Glargine has no proliferative effect in vivo owing to its rapid conversion into metabolites. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of glargine is comparable to other insulins. These characteristics are important for the clinical efficacy and safety of glargine.
To model bolted parts for tolerance analysis using variational model
Authors: Polini Wilma , Marziale Massimiliano
Published: January 2015

Mechanical products are usually made by assembling many parts. Among the different type of links, bolts are widely used to join the components of an assembly. In a bolting a clearance exists among the bolt and the holes of the parts to join. This clearance has to be modeled in order to define the possible movements agreed to the joined parts. The model of the clearance takes part to the global model that builds the stack-up functions by accumulating the tolerances applied to the assembly components. Then, the stack-up functions are solved to evaluate the influence of the tolerances assigned to the assembly components on the functional requirements of the assembly product.The aim of this work is to model the joining between two parts by a planar contact surface and two bolts inside the model that builds and solves the stack-up functions of the tolerance analysis. It adopts the variational solid model. The proposed model uses the simplified hypothesis that each surface maintains its nominal shape, i.e. the effects of the form errors are neglected. The proposed model has been applied to a case study where the holes have dimensional and positional tolerances in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.