bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
https://hjournal.ru/en/journals/journal-of-economic-regulation/2021/264-no-3/2246-the-social-security-system-in-china-historical-approach.html
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Mikhalkina Elena V. , Zhang Xiazhan ,   Southern Federal University
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the stages and characteristics of social security in China within the framework of the historical approach. Although the institutional practice of the social security system appeared in ancient China in the early 20th century, some elements of social security have already existed in ancient China in the Western Zhou period. The social security system was formed in a long historical period from Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. This system was dif-ferent from the western countries and had a complex ideological basis. It was based on the traditional elements like country, folk, culture, religion, family, clan, and others. With the alternation of dynasties, social security still has the characte-ristics of locality, national responsibility, cultural characteristics, the role of the family, and other fundamental characteristics. This system of protection is based on social assistance and continues its importance so far. The historical approach has identified key stages and the traditional institutional practices of social securi-ty, which the Chinese system of social support for the poor relies upon.
Early enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis - how beneficial is it?
Authors: Venkat Shruthikamal , Subramaniam Rajesh , Raveendran Vijai
Published: October 2021

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of pancreas and is one of the leading cause of acute abdomen requiring hospital admission. Nutritional support plays a crucial role in this hypercatabolic state in not only providing calories but also in preventing complications and decreasing recovery time.Methods: This prospective study was done among 120 patients with acute moderate and severe pancreatitis who got admitted in department of general surgery at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between 2018 and 2019.Results: 67 (55.8%) patients were in early enteral and 53 (44.2%) were in parenteral/delayed enteral group. Maximum number of patients were in 30-40 years age group. The mean of patient age was 40.33. Mean duration of hospital stay in enteral group was 7.06 and in parenteral/delayed enteral group it was 14.09 (p<0.001). Mean pain score in enteral group was 2.69 and in parenteral group it was 6.51 (p<0.001).Conclusions: There was significant (p<0.001) decrease in hospital stay duration and pain score in early enteral group compared to parenteral/delayed enteral group. Infections related to feeding route was found high in parenteral group. No significant difference found in complications of acute pancreatitis. Hence early enteral feeding is more beneficial in terms of shortened hospital stay, decreased pain score leading to reduction in usage of analgesics and reducing the recovery time and less nutrition related complications in management of acute moderate and severe pancreatitis.
Industrial pollution related health problems among residents of a rural area in central Kerala
Authors: Thadathil Suchithra Erath , Viswambharan Jaya Koothupalakkal , Premdas Alok Kanjhoor , Raj Ashwin
Published: October 2021

Background: Air pollution leads to several health effects, the major systems affected were respiratory, dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology. This study is an attempt to find out various health effects of pollution, from a food factory to the nearby residents.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed on 248 residents nearby a food factory, situated in rural area of Thrissur district and a comparative group of 266 participants taken 5km away from this factory.Results: Both the groups were comparable in socio-demographic profile except religion and occupation. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the use of firewood in both the groups. The symptoms of major systems involved were respiratory (odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.8), dermatological (odds ratio 18.3, 95% CI 8.3 to 40.7), neurological (odds ratio 13.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 44.7) and ophthalmological (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 13.6). The major symptoms complained by them were pruritus (32.7%), skin lesions (17.7%), breathlessness (16.9%), itching eye (13.3%) watering from eye (11.7%) and headache (11.3%). All these symptoms among the case group compared to control group were very high and these associations were highly statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an increased occurrence of adverse health effects among the individuals who were residing near the food factory. Therefore this study points out the possibility of environmental pollution (mainly air pollution) as a main factor for the increased prevalence of symptoms among those who reside nearby the factory.
Large bowel obstruction in palliative care: overview, management and monitoring
Authors: Rahimuddin Noora O. , Al-Fodari Fatma A. , Yatimi Laila M. , Alsaffar Ahmed M. , Kadir Basmah K. , Alrazhi Tariq H. , Alzaylaee Waleed A. , Almarri Mohammad S. , Alshelahi Sameer S. , Almuhaiteeb Mohammad A. , Alhamad Hamad A.
Published: October 2021

Patients with pelvic and abdominal cancers usually present with bowel obstruction, especially peritoneal, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomatosis. A poor prognosis has been reported for patients that suffer from gastrointestinal bowel obstruction secondary to later stage carcinomatosis, although maximal treatment approaches might have been administered. In this context, these patients are suggested to survive for only a few weeks to months, and parenteral nutrition did not enhance the outcomes in these situations. Medical treatment includes the administration of corticosteroids, opioids, anticholinergics, octreotide, and anti-emetics, while surgical outcomes might be more efficacious with more favorable clinical outcomes. However, these operations have been reported with multiple complications that might worsen the prognosis. Stent application is another non-surgical modality with fewer adverse events. Nevertheless, evidence regarding its superiority over the surgical approaches is conflicting among the different studies in the literature. Accordingly, further investigations are still needed for adequate validation.
Types and role of cytological molecular analysis in thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Nasser Mohammad E. , Abdulrazaq Aseel H. , Alrofydi Abdullah M. , Hmdoon Jumana M. , Alghamdi Mohammed S. , Alsahli Abdulaziz A. , Al Abdulwahhab Mohammed A. , Alamri Mesfer A. , Almotairi Nawaf M. , Altamimi Noora B. , Alghefari Firas O.
Published: October 2021

Estimates show that thyroid nodules are commonly reported among populations residing in iodine-sufficient countries, with estimated prevalence rates of 1%, and 4% of palpable nodules among men and women in these countries, respectively. Furthermore, early diagnosis can effectively direct clinicians to the right management modality, especially in cases with malignant lesions. In this literature review, we have discussed the types and roles of cytological molecular analysis in thyroid carcinomas. Our findings indicate the molecular analysis can significantly add to the diagnostic accuracy of cytological analysis and can greatly add to the efficacy of differentiating benign from malignant lesions. We have discussed the roles of different genetic mutations that were reported among the various studies in the literature, including BRAF, RAS, PAX8/PPARγ, and RET mutations. BRAF mutations are the most validated mutations among the current studies in the literature, which has been reported to greatly increase the positive predictive values in detecting thyroid carcinomas. Some genetic mutations can be used to diagnose difficult to differentiate malignancies by fine needle aspiration (FNA) analysis. For instance, RAS mutations were reported to accurately diagnose follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas that are difficult to detect using routine FNA analysis.
Mineralogía y geocronología de rutilo-(Nb,Ta) relacionado a casiterita y columbita-tantalita provenientes de rocas Mesoproterozoicas del Cratón Amazónico cerca de Cachicamo, Colombia
Authors: Franco Jose Alejandro , Cramer Thomas , Bonilla Amed , Castañeda Antonio Jose , Poujol Marc , Amaya Zeze
Published: October 2021

Para resolver la pregunta si megacristales de rutilo-(Nb,Ta) en la Comunidad Indígena de Cachicamo (NE-Vichada) provienen de rocas del Granito Rapakivi de Parguaza se extrajeron rutilos de una coraza ferruginosa superficial o duricrust compuesta por (hematita, limonita, ± magnetita, ilmenita, circón, fragmentos de roca), desarrollada sobre un perfil laterítico del basamento granítico, que fueron analizados junto a suelos y concentrados. Mediciones simultáneas de densidad y FRXp de >250 rutilos revelaron variaciones fuertes desde rutilos livianos (~3,4 g/cm3), de casi puro TiO2, hasta rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de 5,9 g/cm3 enriquecidos en Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn, Sn, V y W. Metalografía, MEB-EDX, FRX y DRX revelaron inclusiones de hasta 0,2 mm compuestas de ~17% columbita-(Fe) y 4% casiterita en una matriz de ~78% rutilo-(Nb,Ta). Valores EPMA (72% TiO2, 11% Nb2O5, 9% Ta2O5, 6% Fe2O3, 1,5% SnO2) confirman junto con bajos contenidos de W y Mn una afinidad pegmatítica - pneumatolítica. Mediciones ICP-MS indicaron suficiente U para probar dataciones en la Universidad Rennes 1, donde, usando estándares R10 y R19, diez rutilos-(Nb,Ta), arrojaron edades de cristalización U/Pb concordantes de 1512±12 Ma. Estas edades coinciden con observaciones de campo, según las cuales los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo cristalizaron en el Granito de Parguaza hace 1500-1550 Ma en Venezuela, donde depósitos secundarios contienen mineralizaciones comparables (sub-?) económicas de casiterita, rutilo-(Nb,Ta), columbita-tantalita y monacita. El análisis de minerales pesados (circón, ilmenita, magnetita) muestra que los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) se limitan al duricrust del horizonte A, donde circones detríticos de 1525 Ma son coetáneos al Batolito de Parguaza en Venezuela (1500-1550 Ma), mientras los circones del horizonte C (regolito) con 1415 Ma tienen edades similares al Granito Rapakivi Parguaza local (1340-1402 Ma) en estas partes distales del Batolito en Colombia. Así, los rutilos-(Nb,Ta) de Cachicamo no se pueden haber formado in-situ sino que experimentaron un transporte post-exhumación por decenas de kilómetros atravesando lo que actualmente es el valle del río Orinoco.
Aplicación del método de iluminación por campo de onda en un modelo subthrust en la Cuenca del Valle Superior del Magdalena (Colombia)
Authors: Chajín Patricia , Camacho Germán , Herrera Edwar
Published: October 2021

Complex structures like subthrust show high risk during the definition of structural traps in low quality seismic images in depth, so we can use the structural interpretation to simulate the subthrust illumination by wavefield of a prospect area in order to reduce the uncertainty and support the oil exploration process. In general, we performed an exercise of 2D geophysical modeling using a wavefield illumination simulator. At first, we interpreted two geological models from a seismic line in depth. The geological interpretation was adjusted with information about structural styles in this part of Upper Magdalena Basin. Then, we use a velocity scenario and assign these velocities to both geological models. The wavefield illumination method allows us to see all of the wavepaths in the different pair of source-receivers in order to do a fast evaluation of the structure illumination. This could be used to improve the seismic acquisitions in structurally complex media.
Estructuras de disyunción columnar en lavas asociadas al Complejo Volcánico Nevado del Ruíz (Colombia): facies, dimensiones y geometría
Authors: Rave-Bonilla Yuly Paola , Sánchez John J.
Published: October 2021

Asociados al Complejo Volcánico Nevado del Ruiz (CVNR) se encuentran varios flujos de lavas con estructuras de disyunción columnar formadas por el régimen físico de enfriamiento. Estos son de interés tanto para el campo de la volcanología como del geoturismo, especialmente para el Geoparque Volcán del Ruiz aspirante a reconocimiento UNESCO, dado que, no solo brindan información sobre los mecanismos de flujo y enfriamiento de las lavas, que a su vez tienen implicaciones en la permeabilidad aprovechable por los fluidos hidrotermales, sino que también hacen parte de los principales atractivos geoturísticos a nivel mundial. En este trabajo se caracterizan las facies de disyunción presentes en cuatro afloramientos ubicados en el flanco noreste del CVNR sobre la vía Manizales - Murillo. De cada afloramiento se realiza una descripción tanto de la morfología del emplazamiento, con base en la fotointerpretación y las observaciones de campo, como de los patrones poligonales, y se determinan las dimensiones de las columnas y sus rasgos menores identificables. Además, se caracterizan macroscópica y microscópicamente las muestras tomadas en cada afloramiento y se establecen sus características texturales y mineralógicas. Como resultado se confirma la composición predominantemente andesítica con presencia de fenocristales euhedrales de plagioclasas (andesina y oligoclasa) de hasta 4 mm y se determina que las columnas tienen dimensiones de 1,3 m de ancho y 3 m de alto en promedio, con estrías separadas por 12,6 cm en promedio aproximadamente y formas poligonales predominantemente de cuatro lados. A partir de los rasgos y características observados, se concluye que estas lavas tuvieron un proceso de enfriamiento rápido y complejo en el que se requirió una alta cantidad de energía, incluyendo disipación de calor y energía deformacional, y que además han sido afectadas por procesos meteorizantes y erosivos intensos.
Metodología visual y cuantitativa para la identificación de zonas de interés en yacimientos de roca generadora
Authors: Ortíz-Murcia Rubén , Juliao-Lemus Tatiana , Pérez Edgar Ricardo , Obando-Yaguas Ayerim , Pérez-Vega Héctor Hugo
Published: October 2021

Alrededor de 16500 resultados de análisis de laboratorio de petrofísica básica y especial, geoquímica, petrografía orgánica, difracción de rayos X, petrografía y SEM han sido obtenidos a partir de muestras de roca (core, sidewall core y ripios), provenientes de formaciones colombianas en etapa de exploración y delimitación como Yacimientos de Roca Generadora (YRG). Contar con gran cantidad de información hace necesaria la implementación de metodologías eficientes para evaluar e identificar zonas potencialmente productoras. Existen diversos enfoques que plantean diferentes flujos de trabajo; algunos enfoques se concentran en aspectos composicionales, así como otros dan prioridad a las características geoquímicas, otros en cambio se basan en el concepto de unidades de flujo, otros se centran en la definición de litofacies, o electrofacies, mientras que otros integran diferentes tipos de parámetros. La metodología aquí presentada posee un enfoque integrador. Esta metodología parte de una recopilación de criterios mineralógicos, petrofísicos, geoquímicos y geomecánicos encontrados en la literatura y aplicables a YRG; se incluyen criterios propuestos por los autores teniendo en cuenta el comportamiento observado en las formaciones colombianas. Estos criterios, expresados a manera de cut-offs, son el soporte de las dos herramientas de interpretación que proporciona esta metodología: (1) un indicador visual equivalente a un mapa de calidad que permite distinguir las mejores zonas a través de una escala de color; (2) dos subindicadores heurísticos (índice de calidad (QI) y suma máxima (SumMax)) los cuales generan una valoración cuantitativa que depende de la calidad y del grado de importancia de cada parámetro, el cual es ajustado por medio de factores de ponderación. Como resultado, se desarrolló una metodología que incorpora criterios de evaluación provenientes de diferentes disciplinas implicadas en la evaluación de YRG, los cuales son ponderados de acuerdo con su importancia y considerados simultáneamente para la determinación de intervalos potencialmente productores.
Análisis geoquímico y petrográfico de las formaciones Los Cuervos y Molino, Subcuenca Cesar (Colombia): implicaciones en la evolución del sistema petrolero
Authors: Avendaño-Sánchez Gladys Marcela , García-González Mario , Cruz-Guevara Luis Enrique , Cruz-Ceballos Luis Felipe
Published: October 2021

A geochemical characterization of Los Cuervos and Molino formations in the Cesar Sub-Basin was carried out using core samples obtained from the ANH-La Loma-1 Well. A total of 113 Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis, total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur content (TS) analysis, 13 vitrinite reflectance analysis (%Ro) and 30 thin-section petrographic analysis were performed. Based on these new data, it was possible to classify the quality of organic matter and the current thermal maturation of Los Cuervos and Molino formations. Additionally, a petrographic characterization of 30 samples allowed the correlation of the lithology with the geochemical results. Also, one-dimensional geochemical modelling was implemented in order to contribute to the knowledge of the evolution of the oil system in the Cesar Sub-Basin. The spatial distribution of the formations used in the modelling was obtained from 2 seismic lines two-way time. The results obtained indicate that Los Cuervos Formation presents TOC values from 0.29 to 66.55%, TS values from 0.02 to 11.29%, their organic matter consisted of type III kerogen which is consistent with an immature thermal maturation stage. In contrast, the Molino Formation presents TOC values from 0.23 to 2.28%, TS values from 0.001 to 1.39%, their organic matter consisted of type II/III kerogen this suggests an early entry to the oil window with a maximum pyrolysis temperature (Tmax) value of 442°C. The geochemical modelling tunes better with measured data from palaeo-geothermometers (%Ro and Tmax). The geochemical modelling shows that, between 60 - 40 million years ago (mya), the Cretaceous formations entered in the oil generation window and it is expected that, between 40 - 30 mya, the Lagunitas, Aguas Blancas, and La Luna formations will be at their peak of hydrocarbon generation.
Geoquímica y mineralogía de la mina La Pava, Muzo-Quípama: implicaciones en la exploración de esmeraldas en Colombia
Authors: González-Durán Andrés Felipe , García-Toloza Javier , Bonilla Germán , Cedeño-Ochoa Carlos Julio , Angarita-Sarmiento Luis Gabriel , Castañeda-Gómez Antonio José , Parra-Bastidas Sergio Daniel , Bocanegra-Rodríguez Laura Constanza , Montaña-Cárdenas Jorge , López-Castillo Cesar Leonardo
Published: October 2021

La mina La Pava es parte del distrito esmeraldífero de Muzo-Quípama, Colombia; allí la presencia de esmeraldas se asocia con pelitas de la Formación Muzo. La mineralización es controlada espacialmente por el Anticlinal de La Pava —un pliegue por propagación de falla— y se restringe a zonas que han experimentado intensa alteración hidrotermal (albitización y carbonatización). Los principales rasgos observados en las venas productivas son las asociaciones paragenéticas de albita-xenotimo-fluorapatito y calcita-dolomita, los cuales van acompañados de anomalías geoquímicas positivas de Y, P, Mn y Mg. Adicionalmente, se presentan anomalías negativas de Li-Cs-Be-Ti que representan indicadores consistentes de la lixiviación de estos elementos en las rocas y su posterior concentración en venas y brechas hidrotermales. Se concluye que en La Pava existen parámetros estructurales, estratigráficos, mineralógicos y geoquímicos que permiten identificar bloques potenciales para hospedar mineralizaciones de esmeraldas.
Bloqueo de rama alternante: reporte de una complicación inusual tras implante valvular aórtico transcatéter
Authors: Betancur Vásquez Laura , Mejía Zuluaga Mateo , Duarte Suarez Néstor , Duque Ramírez Mauricio Ricardo , Bedoya Jaramillo Tatiana María
Published: October 2021

Los trastornos de la conducción representan una potencial complicación de los reemplazos valvulares percutáneos. Los bloqueos alternantes de rama, aunque son inusuales, reflejan daño extenso del sistema His Purkinje con riesgo potencial de bloqueo auriculoventricular completo, por lo cual es importante su identificación y abordaje oportuno. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 82 años con múltiples comorbilidades y estenosis aórtica severa, en seguimiento médico desde hacía un año, en quien no se había realizado reemplazo quirúrgico por negativa de la paciente y por el alto riesgo intraoperatorio. Ingresó a la institución con un cuadro clínico de disnea progresiva de un mes de evolución, se realizó ecocardiograma transtorácico documentando estenosis aórtica crítica y fue llevada a implante valvular aórtico percutáneo. Por el alto riesgo de necesidad de marcapasos peri o postprocedimiento, se realizó seguimiento con monitoreo Holter, documentando bloqueo alternante de rama, el cual no progresó a bloqueo auriculoventricular completo luego de 72 horas de seguimiento, por lo que no se implantó marcapasos permanente.
Experiencia inicial del cierre sin sutura de la gastrosquisis. Reporte de casos en un hospital de la ciudad de Puebla, México
Authors: Gil Vargas Manuel , Hernández Hernández Jaime , Saavedra Pacheco Mary Sol
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La gastrosquisis es una de las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes. En países subdesarrollados su mortalidad es mayor al 15% siendo la sepsis su principal causa. Su manejo implica el cierre de la pared abdominal mediante diferentes métodos, dependiendo del nivel de complejidad y del tipo de intervención. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia inicial del cierre sin sutura de la gastrosquisis, en una unidad de neonatología de Puebla, México. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo; en el cual se estudiaron 9 expedientes de recién nacidos con cierre sin sutura de gastrosquisis, en el Hospital General del Sur de Puebla. Resultados: Se estudiaron a los pacientes de Diciembre 2018 a Agosto 2019, de los cuales el 56% correspondía al sexo masculino. Se dividieron en 3 grupos: Cierre inmediatamente posterior a la cesárea (67%), retardo inmediato (11%), y retardo con uso del separador Alexis (22%). De los pacientes, el promedio fue de 25.67 + 1.56 días de estancia intrahospitalaria. Únicamente un paciente del grupo 2 presentó como complicación sepsis, el resto no manifestó complicación alguna. Conclusiones: El cierre sin sutura en nuestros pacientes resultó ser un procedimiento confiable y con buen pronóstico para su evolución, debido a resultados favorables en los días de estancia intrahospitalaria y el tiempo de inicio de la vía oral.
Características clínicas, demográficas y epidemiológicas de una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome de Takotsubo entre 2011 y 2016 en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Naranjo Restrepo Sebastián , Múnera Echeverri Ana G. , Gaviria Aguilar María C. , Gutiérrez Prieto Daniela , Vásquez Trespalacios Elsa María , Duque Ramírez Mauricio
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El síndrome de Takotsubo es una disfunción ventricular aguda de carácter temporal, usualmente reversible, secundaria a eventos estresantes que comprometen el eje cerebro-corazón. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y desenlaces de una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome de Takotsubo en Medellín-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, ambispectivo, realizado en una cohorte de pacientes. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias de una institución de tercer nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2016 con diagnóstico de síndrome de Takotsubo. Se diseñó un cuestionario para recolectar variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio e imagenológicas. Se obtuvieron medidas de frecuencia y análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS versión 21. Resultados: El 66,7% de los pacientes fueron mujeres, la mortalidad fue del 11,1% y la recurrencia del 5,6%. La mayoría de los casos tuvieron un desencadenante conocido (94,5%), siendo la infección el más frecuente (44,4%). El 77,8% de los pacientes presentó disnea al ingreso y el 27,8% requirió uso de algún vasopresor. El promedio de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo inicial fue del 34.17+7.8 con evidencia de mejoría en el control, promedio luego del control= 54,81+10.2 Discusión y conclusiones: El síndrome de Takotsubo es una condición  nfrecuente, las mujeres son la población más afectada y la mayoría de los casos obedece a un factor desencadenante. La mortalidad reportada está dentro de lo esperado y se evidenció un buen pronóstico a mediano plazo.
Papel de la interleuquina-17 en procesos inflamatorios y patologías pulmonares
Authors: Losada Paula X. , Cortés José S. , Narváez Carlos F. , Lastra Giovani
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Cuatro de las diez principales causas de muerte en el mundo corresponden a patologías pulmonares donde las infecciones respiratorias se ubican en tercer lugar y a su vez son uno de los principales motivos de consulta médica. Por otro lado, la interleuquina IL-17 parece tener un papel importante en la inmunopatogénesis de un gran número de enfermedades, pues se ha descrito que niveles elevados en sangre periférica u otros fluidos corporales se relacionan con metástasis e infecciones. Diferente a patologías cutáneas e intestinales, donde el papel de la IL-17 se conoce con mayor detalle, en procesos pulmonares su rol es aún controversial. Objetivo: Describir conocimientos actuales sobre la función de la IL-17 en procesos inflamatorios y patologías locales pulmonares. Metodología de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos originales y revisiones de tema en los motores de búsqueda MEDLINE y Science Direct, de los cuales 50 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la respuesta de IL-17 parece estar relacionada con buen pronóstico en el caso de algunas neumonías bacterianas. Igualmente, el bloqueo de la vía de señalización de la IL-17 en neoplasias pulmonares podría ser beneficioso y se considera como un potencial blanco terapéutico en estas condiciones, por lo que los estudios en este tema continúan siendo fundamentales para conocer mejor el verdadero rol de esta proteína en diversas condiciones patológicas del pulmón.
Meningitis aséptica por varicela zóster sin rash vesicular previo en paciente VIH positivo. Presentación de caso
Authors: Buitrago Gómez Nathalia , Bacca Arcos José , Villa Sánchez Lina María , Cárdenas Prieta Jose Mauricio
Published: October 2021

Un cuadro de meningitis aséptica, en el contexto de un paciente inmunosuprimido con diagnóstico de infección por Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), debe llevar a pensar en múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales. Entre estos, se incluye el virus varicela zóster (VVZ) como uno de los principales agentes causales de meningitis a líquido cefalorraquídeo claro. Su reactivación da lugar a múltiples manifestaciones neurológicas potencialmente mortales en las que se consideraba al rash vesicular, o exantema ápulo/vesículo/ costroso como un signo fundamental para su diagnóstico. No obstante, las lesiones cutáneas están ausentes en más de un tercio de los pacientes con compromiso del sistema nervioso central. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un paciente con infección por VIH que presenta cefalea más fiebre, con hallazgos en líquido cefalorraquídeo de pleocitosis neutrofílica y una prueba molecular confirmatoria para virus varicela zóster, en ausencia de rash vesicular previo que guiara hacia este diagnóstico.
SYMMETRIC FINITE REPRESENTABILITY OF ℓp IN ORLICZ SPACES
Authors: Astashkin S. V.
Published: October 2021

It is well known that a Banach space need not contain any subspace isomorphic to a space ℓp (1 6 p ) or c0 (it was shown by Tsirelson in 1974). At the same time, by the famous Krivines theorem, every Banach space X always contains at least one of these spaces locally, i.e., there exist finite-dimensional subspaces of X of arbitrarily large dimension n which are isomorphic (uniformly) to ℓnp for some 1 6 p or cn0 . In thiscase one says that ℓp (resp. c0) is finitely representable in X. The main purpose of this paper is to give a characterization (with a complete proof) of the set of p such that ℓp is symmetrically finitely representable in a separable Orlicz space.
ABOUT SOLVABILITY OF ONE PROBLEM WITH NONLOCAL
CONDITIONS FOR HYPERBOLIC EQUATION
Authors: Kirichek V. A.
Published: October 2021

In this article we consider a nonlocal problem with integral condition of the second kind for hyperbolic equation. The choice of a method for investigating problems with nonlocal conditions of the second kind depends on the type of nonintegral terms. In this article we consider the case when the nonintegral term is a trace of required function on the boundary of the domain. To investigate the solvability of the problem we use method of reduction for loaded equation with homogeneous boundary conditions. This method proved to be effective for defining a generalized solution, to obtain apriori estimates and to prove existence of unique generalized solution of the given problem.
Photoelastic study of a double edge notched plate for determination of the Williams series expansion
Authors: Stepanova L. V. , Aldebeneva K. N.
Published: October 2021

In this work, digital photoelasticity method is applied for assessment of the crack tip linear fracture mechanics parameters for a plate with double edge notches and different other crack configurations. The overarching objective of the study is to obtain the coefficients of the Williams series expansion for the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of the crack tip by the digital photoelasticity technique for the double edge notched plate. The digital image processing tool for experimental data obtained from the photoelasticity experiments is developed and utilized. The digital image processing tool is based on the Ramesh approach but allows us to scan the image in any direction and to analyse the image after any number of logical operations. In the digital image processing isochromatic fringe analysis, the optical data contained in the transmission photoelastic isochromatics were converted into text file and then the points of isochromatic fringes with minimum light intensity were used for evaluating fracture mechanics parameters. The multi-parameter stress field approximation is used. The mixed mode fracture parameters, especially stress intensity factors (SIF) are estimated for specimen configurations like double edge notches and inclined center crack using the proposed algorithm based on the classical over-deterministic method. The effects of higher-order terms in the Williams expansion were analysed for different cracked specimens. It is shown that the higher order terms are needed for accurate characterization of the stress field in the vicinity of the crack tip. The experimental SIF values estimated using the proposed method are compared with analytical / finite element analysis (FEA) results, and are found to be in good agreement.
Estrategia para la participación ciudadana v3
Authors:   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Oficina de Direccionamiento Estratégico e Inteligencia Competitiva
Published: October 2021

La Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, por medio de la Oficina Asesora de Direccionamiento Estratégico e Inteligencia Competitiva, Sección de Atención al Ciudadano, desarrolló la estrategia para la participación ciudadana en cumplimiento del artículo 2 de la Ley 1757 de 2015 y las normas concordantes según las cuales todas las entidades de orden nacional y territorial deberán diseñar, mantener y mejorar espacios que garanticen la participación ciudadana en todo el ciclo de la gestión pública (diagnóstico, formulación, implementación, evaluación y seguimiento), con el fin de facilitar a los grupos de interés y a la ciudadanía espacios que propicien su interacción con la Universidad desde el enfoque académico, el administrativo y el de gestión.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ТЕХНИКО-ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ДЕФЕКТАХ ПРАВОВЫХ НОРМ В СФЕРЕ ОХРАНЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ДЕТЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДОШКОЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Борисова Лилия Владимировна
Published: October 2021

В статье показаны некоторые технико-юридические дефекты в содержании норм санитарных правил СП 2.4.3648-20, допущенные при определении требований к работе дошкольных образовательных организаций. Проанализирована практика допуска в детские сады детей с признаками инфекционных заболеваний в России и зарубежных странах. Обоснован вывод о необходимости устранения имеющихся в содержании норм указанных санитарных правил технико-юридических дефектов в целях преодоления неопределенности при их применении, согласования с действующим федеральным законодательством, а также повышения эффективности правового регулирования отношений в сфере охраны здоровья обучающихся в дошкольных образовательных учреждениях детей.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СУДЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ ПО ОСПАРИВАНИЮ ПРАВ ДОБРОСОВЕСТНЫХ ПРИОБРЕТАТЕЛЕЙ НЕДВИЖИМОГО ИМУЩЕСТВА
Authors: ПУШКИНА Анна
Published: October 2021

При производном приобретении недвижимого имущества возникает риск столкнуться с пороками титула предшествующих правообладателей. Это значит, что право приобретателя недвижимости может быть оспорено. В такой ситуации в первую очередь решается вопрос о том, можно ли признать приобретателя добросовестным или нет. В последнее время расширяется трактовка понятия «добросовестный приобретатель», и становится все меньше исключений из презумпции добросовестности. Обе эти тенденции служат укреплению прав добросовестных приобретателей недвижимости, а значит, и стабильности гражданского оборота.
The concept of sustainable tourism development in a new reality
Authors:   Russian New University, Morozov Mikhail M.
Published: October 2021

Tourism has turned out to be one of the most affected areas of socioeconomic activity due to the spread of the pandemic. Restrictions on the movement of citizens practically brought down international tourism and caused serious damage to the national economies of those countries in which income from tourism activities made a significant contribution to the country's GDP. Efforts to create sustainable tourism systems have been destroyed, and the theory of sustainable tourism development itself needs to be updated. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the tourism industry, which is experiencing the deepest decline in the history of tourism development, should receive new tools necessary for its restoration and further sustainable development. The study used monographic, statistical, comparative and other methods of scientific research, which made it possible to identify and formulate the author's proposals to expand the concept of sustainable tourism development. It is quite obvious that after the pandemic, world tourism will recover, but this will be a period of tourism development completely different from the previous stages. In the course of the research, the features of tourism development in the context of the socalled new reality were investigated. It is shown that the safety of tourism in terms of compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards has become one of the important parameters in assessing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. As a result of the study, a proposal was formulated and substantiated that the concept of sustainable tourism development, in addition to economic, environmental and social components, must be supplemented with an information and communication component, as the most important attribute of the global digitalization of society.
Management consulting in the system of continuing professional education
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Pesotskaya Elena V. , Selyutina Larisa G. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Slinkov Anatoliy M. ,   Belgorod Institute of Education Development, Ivanova Maria O. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the features of continuing professional education as an important element of the organizational structure of the existing education system in Russia. Continuing professional education as an object that has its own organizational structure appears as a carrier of the need for effective management, in the rationalization of the process of forming various management decisions. In general, the management of the system of continuing professional education in our country should be considered successful, but some management problems remain unresolved. One of them is the problem of increasing the level of validity of management decisions: strategic, tactical, operational, improving the quality, reliability and degree of their compliance with the real conditions of the system of continuing professional education. As part of the solution to these problems, the necessity of introducing management consulting tools into the management of continuing professional education organizations is substantiated. The features of management consulting, its methodology and methods are considered. The concept of "combined consulting" in the field of continuing professional education is introduced. It is shown that consulting, as professional assistance in solving key problems and achieving sustainable success in the activities of organizations of the system of continuing professional education, is a management reserve, the rational use of which will ensure the formation of an innovative process, which is the most important factor in the strategic adaptation of the system of continuing professional education in a dynamically developing external environment.
State's countercyclic fiscal and monetary policy in the field of macroeconomic regulation
Authors:   Russian-Armenian University, Sandoyan Edward M. , Voskanyan Mariam H. ,   Russian-Armenian University, Galstyan Ani H. ,   Russian-Armenian University, Grigoryan Gagik A. ,   Grigoryan and Partners LLC
Published: October 2021

The problem of countercyclical fiscal and monetary regulation has become very ur- gent in the last two decades. This article is devoted to the analysis and assessment of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policy from the point of view of the fundamental basis, as well as its practical application. The subject of this research is countercycli- cal fiscal and monetary policy from the point of view of its effectiveness in the con- text of the economic crisis. The methodological basis of the study is an overview of theoretical and practical models of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policy known in the scientific literature. The key objective of the study was to attempt to identify and evaluate countercyclical fiscal and monetary policies from the point of view of theory and practice. The result of the study was the conclusion that in a crisis, coun- tercyclical fiscal and monetary policy leads to ambiguous results, but on the whole, it is the most optimal for leveling the consequences of the crisis.
The modernization of industrial enterprises in the digital economy of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Eralieva Aisuluu A.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop the industrial sector in the EAEU countries and the transition to new standards of digitalization associated with Industry 4.0. In this regard, the article aims to identify the factors that determine the innovation potential of enterprises and other important conditions for the develop- ment of industrial enterprises based on digital technology. In addition, the main rea- sons for the technological lag of industrial enterprises and the factors constraining their development in the EAEU countries were identified. As a result of the study the possibility of a digital breakthrough in the industry by changing the usual way of technology, the rejection of outdated systems. The speed of implementation of tech- nologies in production plays a decisive role, since all the new innovative solutions are emerging in the market and the old ones are already rapidly failing. Top man- agement, ready to take risks in mastering new technologies and able to introduce new transformations into the organization, should play an active role in this. The use of foreign experience in the use of B2B digital platforms and other digital tools will contribute to the innovative development of industrial enterprises. As a result, coun- tries that do not invest funds and efforts in the development of innovative technolo- gies will not be able to compete with countries in Industry 4.0 in the near future. In addition, economic growth opportunities depend on investment policies, the training of information technology specialists, and increased investment in scientific research.
Detection of blaVIM and blaIMP Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Iran
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is essential. So, this study aimed to detect blaVIM and blaIMP carbapenemase-producing strains using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, P. aeruginosa  strains were collected from clinical samples (blood, urine, wound, and other liquids body) in Firoozgar and Shahid Motahari Hospitals in Tehran and Velayat Hospital in Rasht Province, from May to December 2018. After identifying the isolates using the standard microbial tests, carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated by the modified hodge test. After that, the detection of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was performed by RT-PCR technique.
Results: One hundred P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples. Among these, 74 (74%) isolates were considered as carbapenemase positive using MHT. The frequencies of blaVIM and blaIMP genes were obtained as 83% and 11%, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and a high prevalence of blaVIM gene in P. aeruginosa strains.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Suspected Patients Referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh and Khatam, Yazd Province, Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Somayeh , Eslami Gilda , Vakili Mahmoud , Barzegar Kazem , Fattahi Bafghi Ali
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a significant health problem in many parts of Iran. Management of the disease and its treatment is a global dilemma. In this study, the status and the proportions of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major and tropica among suspected patients referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh, and Khatam cities, Yazd Province, Iran were investigated.
Materials and Methods: The lesion was diagnosed using direct smear microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction.
Results: A total of 90 samples were prepared of which 64 (71.1%)  were male and 26 (27.9%) were female. Also, 30 (33.3%) samples came  from Ardakan, 29 (32.2%) samples  from Bafgh, 21 (23.3%) samples from Abarkouh, and 10 (11.1%) samples  from Khatam city. Ninety samples with 112 lesions were recruited and parasitologically examined. The results showed that, in macroscopic examination, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major = 52 (M=35, 67.3%, F=17, 32.7%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =4 (M=2, 50.0%, F=2, 50.0%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =33 (36.4%). Basides, in microscopic method, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major =44 (M=29, 65.9%, F=15, 34.09%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =9 (M=8, 88.8%, F=1, 11.2%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =37 (M=28, 75.7%, F=9, 24.3%). 
Conclusion: Although travel history to an endemic area is important for diagnosis, parasitological confirmation is necessary to initiate treatment.
The Effect of Thymol on Renal Toxicity Induced by Mercury Chloride in Rats
Authors: Jamshidi Hamid Reza , Taheri Faezeh
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Mercuric chloride is highly toxic once absorbed into the bloodstream, especially the kidneys in which it is collected. Mercury chloride increases hydrogen peroxide and enhances the destruction of protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), leading to oxidative stress. Besides, thymol has anti-oxidant effects and can increase the activity of SOD and GPX. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of thymol on mercury chloride-induced toxicity.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 rats, consisting of 6 groups of 5, were used. Control group receiving a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg mercuric chloride for 15 days, third, fourth, and fifth group received intraperitoneal injection of mercuric chloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 15 days plus thymol at a dose of 10, 30, 50 mg/kg. The sixth group received mercuric chloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 15 days plus thymol at 30 mg/kg per day for ten days.
Results: Results showed a significant difference in the activity of catalase enzyme in kidney tissue samples test. According to the results of SOD, there is a significant difference between the group of corn oil and the group of mercury chloride and between the group of mercury chloride and the group that receives thymol at a dose of 10, 30, 50 mg/kg (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that mercury chloride-induced kidney toxicity and thymol have anti-oxidant protective effects for SOD and GPX.
Assessing Cost of Quality in a Medical Device Division of a Training Hospital: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Jabarbeigi Reza , Kalhor Roohollah , Rafiei Sima , Hashemi Fariba
Published: October 2021

Background: Cost of Quality is an approach that helps organizations evaluate the extent to which their resources are used to prevent poor quality activities, assess the quality of provided services, or evaluate the number of resources that are wasted due to the internal and external failures occurring in a system. The research objective was to measure the Cost of Quality(CoQ) in a medical device division of a hospital in Qazvin, Iran.
Methods: We performed a qualitative study in the medical device division in a public hospital affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. To measure and report the (CoQ) in the division, the Prevention-Appraisal-Failure (PAF) model was used. Data were collected through document review, semi-structured interview, and group discussion, which were entered into the Excel software to calculate their distribution and frequencies using the descriptive statistics method.
Results: Among different cost categories, the highest amount of expenditures belonged to internal and external failure costs. Results also revealed that several factors were responsible for the failures, including lack of knowledge of personnel about the proper use of medical devices; failure to periodically perform calibration on due dates; lack of adequate supervision; stress and work pressure among employees; and lack of managerial commitment toward the importance of preventive maintenance.
Conclusion: In order to decrease the number of failures occurring in a working system, it is required to increase personnel's knowledge about the proper use of medical devices, perform calibration of devices on due dates, increase managerial commitment toward preventive and quality appraisal activities and apply systematic supervision.