bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Acetylene Sorption through Induced‐fit Transformations in a Chemically Stable Microporous Framework
Authors: Tian Jindou , Chen Qihui , Jiang Feilong , Yuan Daqiang , Hong Maochun
Published: December 2022

Developing practical storage technologies for acetylene (C2H2) is important but challenging because C2H2is useful but explosive. Here, a novel metal–organic framework (MOF) (FJI‐H36) with adaptive channels was prepared. It can effectively capture C2H2(159.9 cm3 cm−3) at 1 atm and 298 K, possessing a record‐high storage density (561 g L−1) but a very low adsorption enthalpy (28 kJ mol−1) among all the reported MOFs. Structural analyses show that such excellent adsorption performance comes from the synergism of active sites, flexible framework, and matched pores; where the adsorbed‐C2H2can driveFJI‐H36to undergo induced‐fit transformations step by step, including deformation/reconstruction of channels, contraction of pores, and transformation of active sites, finally leading to dense packing of C2H2. Moreover,FJI‐H36has excellent chemical stability and recyclability, and can be prepared on a large scale, enabling it as a practical adsorbent for C2H2. This will provide a useful strategy for developing practical and efficient adsorbents for C2H2storage.
Third‐Generation Sequencing of Epigenetic DNA
Authors: Searle Bethany , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas , Kellett Andrew
Published: December 2022

The discovery of epigenetic bases has revolutionised the understanding of disease and development. Among the most studied epigenetic marks are cytosines covalently modified at the 5 position. In order to gain insight into their biological significance, the ability to determine their spatiotemporal distribution within the genome is essential. Techniques for sequencing on “next‐generation” platforms often involve harsh chemical treatments leading to sample degradation. Third‐generation sequencing promises to further revolutionise the field by providing long reads, enabling coverage of highly repetitive regions of the genome or structural variants considered unmappable by next generation sequencing technology. While the ability of third‐generation platforms to directly detect epigenetic modifications is continuously improving, at present chemical or enzymatic derivatisation presents the most convenient means of enhancing reliability. This Review presents techniques available for the detection of cytosine modifications on third‐generation platforms.
Ultrasound‐Directed Symmetry Breaking and Spin Filtering of Supramolecular Assemblies from only Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Sang Yutao , Zhu Qirong , Zhou Xiaoqin , Jiang Yuqian , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: December 2022

Herein we describe the self‐assembly of an achiral molecule into macroscopic helicity as well as the emergent chiral‐selective spin‐filtering effect. It was found that a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) motif with an aminopyridine group in each arm could coordinate with AgI and self‐assemble into nanospheres. Upon sonication, symmetry breaking occurred and the nanospheres transferred into helical nanofibers with strong CD signals. Although the sign of the CD signals appeared randomly, it could be controlled by using the as‐made chiral assemblies as a seed. Furthermore, it was found that the charge transport of the helical nanofibers was highly selective with a spin‐polarization transport of up to 45 %, although the chiral nanofibers are composed exclusively from achiral building blocks. This work demonstrates symmetry breaking under sonication and the chiral‐selective spin‐filtering effect.
Unconventional Pathway in the Gas‐Phase Synthesis of 9H‐Fluorene (C13H10) via the Radical–Radical Reaction of Benzyl (C7H7) with Phenyl (C6H5)
Authors: He Chao , Kaiser Ralf I. , Lu Wenchao , Ahmed Musahid , Pivovarov Pavel S. , Kuznetsov Oleg V. , Zagidullin Marsel V. , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: December 2022

The simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carrying a five‐membered ring—9H‐fluorene (C13H10)—is produced isomer‐specifically in the gas phase by reacting benzyl (C7H7⋅) with phenyl (C6H5⋅) radicals in a pyrolytic reactor coupled with single photon ionization mass spectrometry. The unconventional mechanism of reaction is supported by theoretical calculations, which first produces diphenylmethane and unexpected 1‐(6‐methylenecyclohexa‐2,4‐dienyl)benzene intermediates (C13H12) accessed via addition of the phenyl radical to the ortho position of the benzyl radical. These findings offer convincing evidence for molecular mass growth processes defying conventional wisdom that radical‐radical reactions are initiated through recombination at their radical centers. The structure of 9H‐fluorene acts as a molecular building block for complex curved nanostructures like fullerenes and nanobowls providing fundamental insights into the hydrocarbon evolution in high temperature settings.
The Alarmone Diadenosine Tetraphosphate as a Cosubstrate for Protein AMPylation
Authors: Frese Matthias , Saumer Philip , Yuan Yizhi , Herzog Doreen , Höpfner Dorothea , Itzen Aymelt , Marx Andreas
Published: December 2022

Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs) are non‐canonical nucleotides whose cellular concentrations increase during stress and are therefore termed alarmones, signaling homeostatic imbalance. Their cellular role is poorly understood. In this work, we assessed ApnAs for their usage as cosubstrates for protein AMPylation, a post‐translational modification in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is transferred to proteins. In humans, AMPylation mediated by the AMPylator FICD with ATP as a cosubstrate is a response to ER stress. Herein, we demonstrate that Ap4A is proficiently consumed for AMPylation by FICD. By chemical proteomics using a new chemical probe, we identified new potential AMPylation targets. Interestingly, we found that AMPylation targets of FICD may differ depending on the nucleotide cosubstrate. These results may suggest that signaling at elevated Ap4A levels during cellular stress differs from when Ap4A is present at low concentrations, allowing response to extracellular cues.
Identifying the Interfacial Polarization in Non‐stoichiometric Lead‐Free Perovskites by Defect Engineering
Authors: Xu Ze , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Azadeh Maryam , Thong Hao‐Cheng , Jiang Yuqi , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Yue Zhen‐Xing , Zhang Zhong‐Tai , Tang Zi‐Long , Li Jing‐Feng , Wang Heng , Frömling Till , Wang Ke
Published: December 2022

Recent advances in perovskite ferroelectrics have fostered a host of exciting sensors and actuators. Defect engineering provides critical control of the performance of ferroelectric materials, especially lead‐free ones. However, it remains a challenge to quantitatively study the concentration of defects due to the complexity of measurement techniques. Here, a feasible approach to analyzing the A‐site defect and electron in alkali metal niobate is demonstrated. The theoretical relationships among defect concentration, conductivity, and oxygen partial pressure can be established based on the defect chemistry equilibria. The type and concentration of defects are reflected through the conductivity variation with oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the variation of defect concentration gives rise to defect‐driven interfacial polarization, which further leads to distinct properties of the ceramics. e.g., abnormal dielectric behavior. Furthermore, this study also suggests a strategy to manipulate defects and charges in perovskite oxides for performance optimization.
Metal‐insulator‐metal waveguide‐based plasmonic sensors: Fantasy or truth—A critical review
Authors: Butt Muhammad A.
Published: December 2022

There is a hysteria over plasmonic sensors based on metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguides and researchers around the globe are extensively studying these devices over the past two decades for diverse sensing applications for instance temperature, refractive index, pressure, and biochemical applications among others. The sensors based on MIM waveguides (WGs) are compact and offer unmatchable sensitivity as assessed with dielectric waveguide‐based sensors along with an extraordinary figure of merits (FOM). However, the major concern is that most of these sensors are only numerically simulated/analyzed and there is no experimental demonstration accessible to date. Therefore, in this mini‐review, these highly alluring sensor designs are critically analyzed to identify if they are practically feasible or just a fantasy among the scientific community.
Principals' systems thinking and teachers' withdrawal behaviours: The intervening role of school structure and principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity
Authors: Nadav Nechama , Benoliel Pascale , Schechter Chen
Published: December 2022

Relying on the contingency theory, the present study examines the influence of school characteristics and principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity on the relationship between principals’ systems thinking (PST) and teacher withdrawal behaviours of absenteeism and intent to leave. Data were collected from two sources: 111 school management team members and 109 teachers (220 participants in total) randomly chosen from elementary schools in Israel. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that principal–teacher dissimilarity and a bureaucratic school structure moderate the relationship between PST and teachers’ withdrawal behaviours. These findings indicate that the organisational conditions under which principals practise systems thinking can affect teachers’ withdrawal behaviours. Therefore, this study may advance theory and practise regarding the implications of PST on withdrawal behaviours, which are an important determinant of teachers’ performance and a school's success.
Microbial production of odd‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Qin Ning , Li Lingyun , Wang Zheng , Shi Shuobo
Published: December 2022

Odd‐chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention due to their beneficial physiological effects and their potential to be alternatives to advanced fuels. However, cells naturally produce even‐chain fatty acids (EcFAs) with negligible OcFAs. In the process of biosynthesis of fatty acids (FAs), the acetyl‐CoA serves as the starter unit for EcFAs, and propionyl‐CoA works as the starter unit for OcFAs. The lack of sufficient propionyl‐CoA, the precursor, is usually regarded as the main restriction for large‐scale bioproduction of OcFAs. In recent years, synthetic biology strategies have been used to modify several microorganisms to produce more propionyl‐CoA that would enable an efficient biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses several reported and potential metabolic pathways for propionyl‐CoA biosynthesis, followed by advances in engineering several cell factories for OcFAs production. Finally, trends and challenges of synthetic biology driven OcFAs production are discussed.
A robust soft sensor based on artificial neural network for monitoring microbial lipid fermentation processes using Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Zhao Wenyang , Lin Lu , Wang Tianjing , Wei Ping , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Zhang Ai‐Hui , Ji Xiao‐Jun
Published: December 2022

Microbial oils produced by Yarrowia lipolytica offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to petroleum as well as traditional lipids from animals and plants. The accurate measurement of fermentation parameters, including the substrate concentration, dry cell weight, and lipid accumulation, is the foundation of process control, which is indispensable for industrial lipid production. However, it remains a great challenge to measure the complex parameters online during the lipid fermentation process, which is nonlinear, multivariate, and characterized by strong coupling. As a type of AI technology, the artificial neural network model is a powerful tool for handling extremely complex problems, and it can be employed to develop a soft sensor to monitor the microbial lipid fermentation process of Y. lipolytica. In this study, we first analyzed and emphasized the volume of sodium hydroxide and dissolved oxygen concentration as central parameters of the fermentation process. Then, a soft sensor based on a four‐input artificial neural network model was developed, in which the input variables were fermentation time, dissolved oxygen concentration, initial glucose concentration, and additional volume of sodium hydroxide. This provides the possibility of online monitoring of dry cell weight, glucose concentration, and lipid production with high accuracy, which can be extended to similar fermentation processes characterized by the addition of bases or acids, as well as changes of the dissolved oxygen concentration.
USP9X promotes lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated acute lung injury by deubiquitination of NLRP3
Authors: Xiang Yijin , Li Xiangting , Cai Min , Cai Dingfang
Published: December 2022

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) function as a vital defense barrier avoiding the invasion of exogenous agents and preserving the functional and structural integrity of lung tissues, while damage/breakdown of this airway epithelial barrier is frequently associated with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). NOD‐like receptor family, pyrindomain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation‐associated pyroptosis is involved in the development of ALI. Yet, how the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in the context of ALI remains unknown. Herein we hypothesized that USP9X, an important deubiquitinase, participates in modulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby affecting the phenotypes in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated AEC model. Human pulmonary AECs were subjected to LPS/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell pyroptosis. Knockdown and overexpression of USP9X were applied to validate the function of USP9X. Inhibitors of proteinase and protein synthesis, as well as approach of co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blot, were utilized to explore the molecular mechanism. LPS/ATP challenge resulted in pronouncedly increased pyroptosis of AECs, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 cytokines, while downregulation of USP9X could reverse these alterations. USP9X was found to have marked impact on NLRP3 protein instead of mRNA level. Furthermore, increased ubiquitination of NLRP3 was observed upon downregulating USP9X. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of USP9X downregulation was reversed by NLRP3 overexpression, while the promoting impact of USP9X overexpression was dampened by NLRP3 inhibitor in terms of cell pyroptosis and cytokine secretion. USP9X modulated the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of AECs via its deubiquitination function.
Gallbladder cancer concomitant with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Okubo Satoshi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Akabane Miho , Matsumura Masaru , Shindoh Junichi , Hashimoto Masaji
Published: December 2022

The case is a 67‐year‐old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who was followed up regularly. CT scan showed a mural nodule growing over the past 4 years inside the hypodense region surrounded by hepatic cysts. Surgery was performed and the pathological diagnosis was StageI gallbladder cancer.
Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst in thigh muscles: A case report
Authors: Bozorgi Hossein , Aminzadeh Behzad , Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud , Khoroushi Farzane , Izanlu Mostafa
Published: December 2022

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign lesions that are locally invasive. The prevalence of soft tissue ABCs is far lower than the intraosseous type. Here, we report a case of ABC in thigh muscles who presented with distal thigh pain.
Vanadium (II) Sulfate for the Reductive Leaching of Chalcopyrite: Replacing Smelting with Electrolysis for Copper Production
Authors: Vardner Jonathan T. , Gencer Elifsu , Emerson Melissa , Farinato Raymond S. , Nagaraj D. R. , Banta Scott , West Alan C.
Published: December 2022

The demand for copper is expected to outpace supply in the coming decades due in part to the emergence of wind and solar technologies, which require about five times as much copper as traditional energy sources. This work introduces a potentially transformative hydrometallurgical process to extract copper from chalcopyrite, and thereby sustain a high rate of copper production throughout the 21st century. Chalcopyrite is reacted with vanadium (II) sulfate for the first time to enable the rapid, clean, and complete recovery of copper. Reactions between 39 g/L copper concentrate, 1 M vanadium (II) sulfate, and various concentrations of sulfuric acid yielded a final product of solid copper sulfate, which was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analysis. The solid products were leached in a subsequent step to demonstrate copper yields ranging from 95–99 %. The vanadium (II) ion may be regenerated by an electrolysis unit that leverages advances in vanadium flow battery technologies.
Staging lymph nodes and blood at diagnosis in mycosis fungoides identifies patients at increased risk of progression to advanced stage: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Allen Pamela B. , McCook‐Veal Ashley A. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Paulino Darina M. , Niyogusaba Tim , Baird Katelin M. , Tarabadkar Erica S. , Lechowicz Mary Jo
Published: December 2022

Background

Risk factors for progression to advanced‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) are poorly defined.

Methods

The authors performed a single‐center, retrospective cohort study among patients with MF at an academic medical center from 1990 to 2020 to identify clinical variables associated with progression to advanced‐stage MF (stage IIB–IVB), and 388 patients who had a clinicopathologic diagnosis of early stage (IA–IIA) MF were identified from their cutaneous lymphoma database. Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory values, imaging, and blood flow cytometry or T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement (TCR) data were collected. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with progression.

Results

Overall, 93 of 388 patients (24.0%) progressed to advanced stage. Patients who progressed had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 4.50; 95% CI, 2.89–7.00; p < .001). Progression was associated with a higher overall stage at diagnosis, tumor stage, lymph node stage, low‐level blood involvement, as measured with TCR data and/or flow cytometry, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Limitations included missing data for LDH, imaging, peripheral blood TCR data, or flow cytometry assessed at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Staging and baseline laboratory assessments with imaging, peripheral blood flow cytometry, TCR data, and LDH in patients who have newly diagnosed MF may identify those who are at risk for progression to advanced stage.
Iron‐based Semiconducting Half‐Heusler Alloys for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Chauhan Nagendra S. , Miyazaki Yuzuru
Published: December 2022

Iron‐based half‐Heusler alloys constitute an emerging class of semiconducting intermetallics for scalable and efficient thermoelectric conversion, owing to their remarkably high‐power factor, abundance, and low cost. This review encompasses the recent advances in materials synthesis and evolving aspects of optimization pathways in pre‐existing Fe‐based half‐Heusler compositions for attaining a higher thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). The experimental outcomes and theoretical predictions were analyzed and compared using a parametric framework to understand the underlying electronic transport responsible for high power factors exhibited by most of these alloys distinctively. Alongside, effective microstructural approaches were reviewed for which favorable reduction in intrinsically high lattice thermal conductivity (κL) was attained. The electronic structures of MFeSb (M=V, Nb, and Ta) half‐Heuslers is also analyzed using density functional theory‐based calculations to understand the origin of favorable conduction and electrical transport properties. Finally, processing‐structural‐property correlations are discussed to highlight the relevance of structural ordering, phase transformation, and defects on transport properties, for developing effective strategies and material design in Fe‐based half‐Heuslers for their development in thermoelectrics.
Axonal pathfinding during the development of the nervous system
Authors: Sarnat Harvey B.
Published: December 2022

Guidance of axons sprouting from maturing neuroblasts, during intermediate trajectories and in seeking target neurons for synaptogenesis, is a fundamental developmental process in central nervous system maturation. Axons but not dendrites sprout from neuroblasts during migration. The growth cone of the axonal tip projects constantly changing multiple veils and spikes (lamellipodia and filopodia) that contain microtubules, actin microfilaments, mitochondria, endosomes, and membrane receptor proteins. They are sensitive to changes in ionic calcium flux and may be impeded by perinatal hyper‐ or hypoglycemia. The growth of axonal membranes occurs mainly at the growth cone. Neurofilaments appear in the axonal tip as it approaches its target. Growth cones are attracted to or repelled by various extracellular matrix molecules that guide them, such as netrins and glycoproteins. Numerous genes are involved, some specific for only certain projections. Neurotransmitters later to be secreted are recognized in growing axons before their synthesis. Axonal fascicles are enveloped by extracellular keratan sulfate that ensures that fascicles contain axons of similar origin and destination and whose neurons secrete the same transmitter. Near their targets, axonal tips may ramify to form synapses on more than one neuron. Transitory pioneer axons provide supplementary mechanical guides to permanent axonal trajectories. Thalamus and olfactory bulb contain axonless neurons with dendrodendritic synapses. Chromaffin neurons of neural crest origin develop no neurites. Most cerebral malformations involve aberrant axonal pathfinding; in holoprosencephaly, keratan sulfate abnormally ensheathes individual axons. Axonal pathfinding to near or distant target neurons is primordial for synaptic circuitry subserving normal and abnormal neurological functions including epilepsy.
Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Ponesimod Effect on Heart Rate in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Valenzuela Belén , Poggesi Italo , Luyckx Nicolas , Vaclavkova Andrea , Pérez‐Ruixo Juan José
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to characterize the ponesimod effect on the heart rate (HR) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A previous pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic model developed in healthy participants was updated using data from phase II and III trials conducted in patients with MS. Clinically relevant covariates were assessed. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of the lack of adherence to ponesimod treatment and provide guidance in cases of treatment re‐initiation. The maximal effect parameter of the PK/HR model was lower in patients with MS (23.5% decrease) compared with healthy volunteers (43.2%). The effect of patient covariates on PK/HR was similar to those identified in healthy participants and not clinically relevant in patients with MS. The population PK/HR model well characterized the effect of ponesimod on the time course of HR in patients with MS. After 2 weeks of treatment with 10 mg or higher doses, the model indicated full tolerance development. After repeated dosing at 20 mg, tolerance was maintained > 60% of the steady‐state tolerance for up to 4 days after the last dose. Re‐initiating with gradual uptitration is recommended if drug discontinuation lasts ≥ 4 days. This managed the negative chronotropic effects of ponesimod. No bradycardia events were observed within the first 2 weeks of treatment in patients with relapsing MS with a baseline HR > 55 bpm. This justifies the recommendation included in the human prescription drug labeling to monitor HR after the first ponesimod dose in these patients.
Chemical peels for the management of melasma and hyperpigmentation
Authors: Karim Maria , Diep Darlene , Onikoyi Omobola , Teymour Shereen , Lal Karan
Published: December 2022

Melasma is often a difficult disease to treat, and can be psychologically distressing to patients. Currently, the gold standard for the treatment of melasma is hydroquinone. While this treatment has been used for many years, it does not come without risks with overuse. Chemical peels have also become an option for the treatment of melasma, but their efficacy and safety in comparison to hydroquinone has not yet been established. This review aims to investigate the various types, efficacy, and safety of chemical peels used to treat melasma.
Mining LinkedIn for story‐ and outcomes‐based content ideas
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: December 2022

I was recently working on a freelance web content project involving writing new content for academic program pages. Outcomes are a highly important aspect of these pages; it is the information that answers, “What can I do after graduation?”
Sustainable aviation fuel: Pathways to fully formulated synthetic jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: de Klerk Arno , Chauhan Garima , Halmenschlager Cibele , Link Felix , Montoya Sánchez Natalia , Gartley Brian , El‐Sayed Hanan E. M. , Sehdev Ranjit , Lehoux Rick
Published: December 2022

Fully formulated synthetic jet fuel is an aviation turbine fuel that does not contain petroleum‐derived kerosene and comprises the hydrocarbon compound classes n‐alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. When the aim is to produce sustainable aviation fuel, one potential process pathway is by indirect liquefaction via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Fischer–Tropsch synthesised paraffinic kerosene plus aromatics (FT SPK/A) is a product that is fully formulated and can in principle be qualified as Jet A‐1. The synthetic jet fuel must ultimately meet all of the Jet A‐1 specifications. However, there are still hurdles on the path toward global approval of fully formulated synthetic jet fuel. In this study, several different refining pathways are shown that can be employed to produce FT SPK/A. The refining pathways have the desirable attribute of being generally useful and not limited to a specific refining technology. A case study is also presented in which FT SPK/A was produced, characterised and compared to Jet A‐1 specification requirements. It illustrated that it was practical to produce a fully formulated jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch refining.
Toward a Better Understanding of the Contribution of Wastewater Treatment Plants to Microplastic Pollution in Receiving Waterways
Authors: Vercauteren Maaike , Semmouri Ilias , Van Acker Emmanuel , Pequeur Emmy , Janssen Colin R. , Asselman Jana
Published: December 2022

Microplastics (1 µm–5 mm), are ubiquitous in daily-use products and regularly end up in the wastewater. The main part of the wastewater is treated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which allow for at least partial removal of microplastics. The present study aimed to understand the contribution of domestic wastewater to microplastic pollution in Flanders (Belgium) via two main discharge routes of microplastics: (1) the effluent, and (2) removed fractions. Furthermore the effect of effluent discharge on the microplastic contamination in the waterway was studied in both surface water and sediment samples of upstream and downstream locations of the discharge from three WWTPs. On average, 12.64 ± 20.20 microplastic/L entered a WWTP (10 µm–5 mm). The effluent contained on average 0.41 ± 0.91 microplastic/L, resulting in an average removal efficiency of 97.46% ± 2.33%, which is comparable with various (non-)European countries. Removal efficiencies are both polymer- and size-specific, and data suggest that smaller particles are less efficiently removed from the wastewater, which also causes an increased input of smaller particles to the environment. The sludge is the most efficient treatment process to remove microplastics. Despite the high removal efficiencies, still 1.11 × 107 ± 3.07 × 107 microplastics end up in the nearby waterway daily. Nonetheless, based on the results gathered in the present study, this does not seem to impact the microplastic concentration in the waterway significantly. In summary, the present study offers a holistic approach in the research on the impact of wastewater on microplastic pollution in the ecosystem, integrating different discharge routes and measuring the impact on environmental microplastic pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:642–654. © 2022 SETAC
No survival benefit in never‐smoker never‐drinker patients with oral cavity cancer
Authors: Yan Emily Z. , Wahle Benjamin M. , Nakken Erik R. , Chidambaram Smrithi , Getz Kayla , Thorstad Wade L. , Zevallos Jose P. , Mazul Angela L.
Published: December 2022

Background

Although strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, many oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) cases occur in patients without exposure to either, known as “never‐smoker, never‐drinkers” (NSND). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between NSND and tobacco/alcohol‐exposed populations and to define demographic characteristics of NSND.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, single‐institution cohort study of 672 OCSCC patients. Cox models were used to estimate differences in overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) between NSND and tobacco/alcohol‐exposed patients while adjusting for confounders.

Results

NSND represented 25.6% of our cohort and were older, more female, and more economically advantaged. Among NSND, oral tongue tumors dominated in younger patients, while alveolar ridge tumors dominated in elderly patients. Multivariate survival analysis revealed no differences in OS or RFS between NSND and tobacco/alcohol‐exposed patients.

Conclusion

When adjusted for independent biologic features, clinical outcomes in OCSCC are similar between NSND and tobacco/alcohol‐exposed patients.
Association between measured or calculated small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ki , Hong Jinyoung , Ahn Sunyoung , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won‐Ki
Published: December 2022

Background

Small dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL) possesses atherogenic potential and is predicted to be susceptible to atherogenic modifications, which further increases its atherogenicity. However, studies on the association between measured or estimated sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) levels and atherogenic modification in diverse population groups are lacking.

Methods

Surplus serum samples were collected from male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) under treatment (n = 300) and without DM (non‐DM; n = 150). sdLDL and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels were measured using the Lipoprint LDL subfractions kit (Quantimetrix Corporation) and the Mercodia oxidized LDL competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Mercodia), respectively. The estimated sdLDL‐Cs were calculated from two relevant equations. The effects of sdLDL‐C on oxLDL were assessed using multiple linear regression (MLR) models.

Results

The mean (±SD) of measured sdLDL‐C and oxLDL concentrations were 11.8 ± 10.0 mg/dl and 53.4 ± 14.2 U/L in the non‐DM group and 0.20 ± 0.81 mg/dl and 46.0 ± 15.3 U/L in the DM group, respectively. The effects of measured sdLDL‐Cs were significant (p = 0.031), whereas those of estimated sdLDL‐Cs were not (p = 0.060, p = 0.116) in the non‐DM group in the MLR models. The effects of sdLDL‐Cs in the DM group were not significant.

Conclusion

In the general population, high level of sdLDL‐C appeared to be associated with high level of oxLDL. The equation for estimating sdLDL‐C developed from a general population should be applied with caution to a special population, such as patients with DM on treatment.
Reproductive justice for unhoused women: An integrative review of the literature
Authors: Brott Holly , Townley Greg
Published: December 2022

This review examines the reproductive health experiences of unhoused women and youth. Guided by the reproductive justice framework, this review examines barriers to accessing contraception, medical abortion, and prenatal care while homeless. Twenty‐one articles were identified through keyword searches in Google Scholar, Ebscohost Academic Search Premier, and PsycINFO. In included articles, barriers were identified at the individual, relational, and contextual levels. Findings from this scoping review illustrate the need to examine multiple levels of analysis when seeking to improve access to family planning services for individuals experiencing homelessness. Included literature suggests an overabundance of research documenting barriers to contraceptive care relative to the literature examining abortion and prenatal care experiences and a scarcity of research examining barriers to reproductive justice among unhoused individuals who do not identify as women.
Comparison of Endoscopic Modified and Typical Myringoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lou Zhengcai , Lou Zihan , Lv Tian , Chen Zhengnong
Published: December 2022

Objective

Here, we aimed to compare the operation time, postoperative pain score, graft healing, graft success rate, cholesteatoma incidence, audiometric outcomes, and complications between endoscopic modified myringoplasty (EMM) and endoscopic typical myringoplasty (ETM).

Methods

Patients with unilateral chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations undergoing myringoplasty were prospectively randomized to undergo EMM (n = 44) or ETM (n = 45). The operation time, postoperative pain score, graft healing, graft success rate, cholesteatoma incidence, audiometric outcomes, and complications were compared between these groups.

Results

In total, 89 patients with unilateral chronic perforations were included (EMM group, 44; ETM group, 45). There were significant differences between the EMM and ETM groups in mean pain scores on the day after surgery (1.32 ± 0.56 vs. 2.58 ± 1.16, p < 0.001) and in the mean operation time (18.18 ± 2.43 vs. 51.53 ± 8.28 min, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in graft success rates (93.18% vs. 88.89%, p = 0.735), pre‐ or postoperative air conduction pure‐tone averages or air bone gaps (ABGs), or changes in ABGs between the groups. However, the difference in graft healing was significant at postoperative week 2 (33/44 vs. 24/45, p = 0.033) but was nonsignificant at postoperative week 4 and month 6. Computed tomography revealed the middle ear and mastoid to be well pneumatized at 12 months in all patients.

Conclusion

While 12‐month graft and audiometric outcomes were comparable between EMM and ETM techniques, patients who underwent EMM had less postoperative pain, shorter operative times, faster healing, and a lower incidence of complications.

Level of Evidence

1 Laryngoscope, 133:2779–2785, 2023
l‐Arginine Modified Lignin Composite Carbon Quantum Dots Fluorescent Probe for Cr(VI) Detection
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Zuo Jingjing , Zhang Shanshan , Liang Shan , Wang Jialin , Wei Dequan
Published: December 2022

As a typical heavy metal pollutant, chromium has caused great harm to the natural environment. Chromium mainly exists in trivalent and hexavalent compounds in nature, among which Cr(VI) is more toxic. As an outstanding fluorescent material, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, good optical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. The composite carbon quantum dots formed by compounding carbon quantum dots with other functional molecules can not only effectively reduce the preparation cost but also have stable fluorescence emission and metal ion recognition functions. In this paper, l‐arginine modified lignin composite carbon quantum dots (Arg‐l‐CQDs) are synthesized, their fluorescence responsiveness to a series of metal ions is analyzed, and their feasibility for Cr(VI) detection is analyzed. The results show that the Arg‐l‐CQDs can be used as a fluorescent probe to achieve specific fluorescence response, high selectivity, and anti‐interference to Cr(VI). There is a certain linear relationship between the concentration and the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent probe. The linear equation is F/F0 = 0.5568‐0.0012C[Cr(VI)], the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9945, and the detection limit of the fluorescent probe is 0.8625 µmol L−1.
Cyclic modeling of unsaturated sands using a pore‐scale hydromechanical approach
Authors: Hosseinkhani Elham , Habibagahi Ghassem , Nikooee Ehsan
Published: December 2022

Determining proper strain‐dependent shear modulus and damping ratio for soils is of utmost importance when investigating their response to cyclic loads. Experimental studies on the effect of the degree of saturation and suction on the shear modulus at large strain amplitudes are scarce due to the complexities involved in testing such soils. Furthermore, the previously presented micromechanical models for the cyclic behavior of unsaturated soils lack some of the required features of soil pore skeleton essential to model unsaturated soils’ hydromechanical behavior. This paper is, thus, aimed at addressing this shortcoming by incorporating a pore‐scale numerical method that couples the discrete element simulation of the solid phase and the fluid pore network to capture the cyclic behavior of unsaturated sands. To this end, the model is first calibrated to determine the micro‐scale parameters using experimental results from static drained triaxial compression tests on dry and saturated sand samples. Next, the coupled model is employed to simulate the observed behavior during cyclic triaxial tests on unsaturated sands. A linear dependence of the plastic rolling coefficient and the interparticle friction angle on the degree of saturation is proposed from simulations of suction‐controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Variation of shear modulus with shear strain amplitude and degree of saturation indicates a continuous increase in the shear modulus with the decrease in saturation. In contrast, the trend for the damping ratio is the opposite. Finally, closed‐form relationships are proposed based on the simulation results for the shear modulus and damping ratio of unsaturated soils.
The bladder contractility and bladder outlet obstruction indices in adult women. Results of a global Delphi consensus study
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Dmochowski Roger Roman , Hashim Hashim , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico , Iacovelli Valerio
Published: December 2022

Aims

This Delphi study was planned to examine global expert consensus with regard to utility, accuracy, and categorization of the bladder contractility index (BCI), bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI), and the related evidence. This manuscript deals with adult women and follows a previous manuscript reporting on adult men.

Methods

Twenty‐nine experts were invited to answer the two‐round survey including three foundation questions and 12 survey questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. The ordinal scale (0–10) in round 1 was classified into “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree” for the final round. A systematic search for evidence was conducted for therapeutic studies that have examined outcome stratified by the indices in women.

Results

Eighteen experts participated in the survey with 100% completion. Consensus was noted with regard to 2 of 12 questions, both in the negative. The experts had a consensus that BOOI was neither accurate nor useful and a similar negative trend was noted with regard to BCI. However, there was support, short of consensus, for the utility on an index of bladder contractility and bladder outflow obstruction. Systematic search yielded eight publications pertaining to stress urinary incontinence (n = 6), pelvic organ prolapse (n = 1), and intra‐sphincteric botulinum toxin (n = 1).

Conclusions

Experts had significant concerns with regard to the use of the male BCI and BOOI in adult women despite a general recognition of the need for numerical indices of contractility and obstruction. Systematic search showed a striking lack of evidence in this regard.
Wound healing complications in gender‐affirming surgery
Authors: Weinstein Brielle , Schechter Loren
Published: December 2022

Aims

Gender‐affirming surgery consists of a group of surgical procedures for patients presenting with gender incongruence. Patients may seek treatment of anatomic areas including the face, chest, breast, and genitalia. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a general understanding of wound healing to optimize outcomes and manage complications.

Methods

A scoping review was performed to include wound healing principles, outcomes related to gender‐affirming surgery, and management of postsurgical wounds.

Results

Based on the review performed and clinical experience, strategies to manage complications are recommended. These include an understanding of wound healing principles, patient optimization, and postoperative management.

Conclusions

A comprehensive understanding of wound healing principles, perioperative optimization, and postoperative management of wounds assists the provider in mitigating and managing complications.
Origin of the Ligand Ring‐Size Effect on the Catalytic Activity of Cationic Calcium Hydride Dimers in the Hydrogenation of Unactivated 1‐Alkenes
Authors: Zhu Hui , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan
Published: December 2022

Recently, it was shown that the double Ca−H−Ca‐bridged calcium hydride cation dimer [LCaH2CaL]2+ when stabilized by a larger macrocyclic N,N’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’’‐pentadentate ligand showed evidently higher activity than when stabilized by a smaller N,N’,N’’,N’’’‐tetradentate ligand in the catalytic hydrogenation of unactivated 1‐alkenes. In this DFT‐mechanistic work, the origin of the observed ring‐size effect is examined in detail using 1‐hexene, CH2=CH2 and H2 as substrates. It is shown that, at room temperature, both the N,N’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’’‐stabilized dimer and the monomer are not coordinated by THF in solution, while the corresponding N,N’,N’’,N’’’‐stabilized structures are coordinated by one THF molecule mimicking the fifth N‐coordination. Catalytic 1‐alkene hydrogenation may occur via anti‐Markovnikov addition over the terminal Ca−H bonds of transient monomers, followed by faster Ca−C bond hydrogenolysis. The higher catalytic activity of the larger N,N’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’’‐stabilized dimer is due to not only easier formation of but also due to the higher reactivity of the catalytic monomeric species. In contrast, despite unfavorable THF‐coordination in solution, the smaller N,N’,N’’,N’’’‐stabilized dimer shows a 3.2 kcal mol−1 lower barrier via a dinuclear cooperative Ca−H−Ca bridge for H2 isotope exchange than the large N,N’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’’‐stabilized dimer, mainly due to less steric hindrance. The observed ring‐size effect can be understood mainly by a subtle interplay of solvent, steric and cooperative effects that can be resolved in detail by state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemistry calculations.
Aneuploidy and sex concordance rate between cell‐free DNA analysis from spent culture media of preimplantation embryo and DNA from whole embryo with respect to different morphological grading
Authors: Sonehara Hiroki , Matsumoto Ryoya , Nakayama Naoki , Kobanawa Masato , Numata Koki , Kawasaki Akiko , Shozu Makio
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The aneuploidy and sex concordance between cell‐free DNA in spent culture media (SCM) and DNA from whole embryo with respect to different morphological grading were examined to evaluate the feasibility of non‐invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT‐A).

Methods

A total of 46 pairs of embryos and corresponding SCM were divided into two groups based on the morphological grade. DNA was extracted from 22 and 24 pairs of low‐ and high‐grade embryos, respectively, and respective SCM followed by chromosomal analysis using next‐generation sequencing. Aneuploidy study and sex determination were conducted for both groups, and concordance rates were calculated.

Results

For low‐grade embryos, 63.6% (14/22) were determined as aneuploidy by whole embryo analysis, and concordance rates were 54.5% (12/22) using niPGT‐A. On the contrary, for high‐grade embryos 41.7% (10/24) were determined as aneuploidy by whole embryo analysis, and concordance rates were 62.5% (15/24) using niPGT‐A. The concordance rates were not statistically different between the low‐grade and high‐grade embryo groups (p = 0.804). For sex determination, concordance rates between whole embryo and SCM were 81.8% (18/22) and 87.5% (21/24) in low‐ and high‐grade groups, respectively.

Conclusion

Aneuploidy and sex evaluation by niPGT‐A may be feasible for both morphologically low‐ and high‐grade embryos.
Ag(I)‐Promoted Decarboxylative Annulation of Alkynoic Acids towards 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines
Authors: Liu Yun , Wang Ziqing , Lei Ting , Li Yuling
Published: December 2022

A silver‐promoted decarboxylative annulation of alkynoic acids with 2‐aminopyridines has been developed to assemble 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Various functionalities in the aromatic rings in the two substrates are well tolerated in this reaction and gave the desired products in good yields for a broad scope of substrates. Additional advantages of this protocol include mild reaction conditions and high regioselectivity. This report represents the first example of synthesis of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from alkynoic acids.
A love of Lego and curiosity about fixing things led to a cracking career
Authors: Hibberd Matthew
Published: December 2022

Fascinated by how things worked and mending anything broken, Matthew Hibberd naturally gravitated to a career in orthopaedics, now owning peripatetic referral practice Rata Vet Surgery.
Examining landowners' preferences for a chronic wasting disease management program
Authors: Landon Adam C. , Smith Kyle , Cornicelli Louis , Fulton David C. , McInenly Leslie E. , Schroeder Susan A.
Published: December 2022

Private landowners are key partners in chronic wasting disease (CWD) management, especially in landscapes where there is limited public ownership. In this study, we evaluated landowners' preferences for alternative hypothetical CWD management programs using a stated choice experiment. We were particularly interested in understanding preferences for the use of financial incentives to motivate white‐tailed deer harvest and facilitate hunter access to private lands as potential CWD management tools. We used latent class analysis to characterize preference heterogeneity among landowners stemming from patterns of choice. We compared means and distributions of auxiliary variables related to landowners' perceived risks, trust, attitudes toward management, and sociodemographics across latent classes stemming from choice model results. The pooled model demonstrated that reducing deer population density, providing payments to landowners for CWD‐positive deer taken from their property, the form of incentives for public access, and banning recreational deer feeding had a small positive effect on respondents' choice of CWD management program. However, providing financial payments to hunters for harvesting CWD‐positive deer and the use of targeted culling had the opposite effect on choice. Latent class models revealed that a majority of respondents exhibited a pattern of preference where all forms of incentives exerted a negative effect on choice, but smaller subsets of landowners positively evaluate the use of some incentives. Post‐hoc contrasts revealed relationships between patterns of preferences and trust, risk, and attitudes toward CWD management with small to medium effects. Results demonstrated limited support for the use of financial incentives as a tool to manage access and harvest in the southeast Minnesota CWD management zone.