bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Semi-IPN hydrogels for Removal of High Concentrated Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions
Authors:   University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Jaffer Noor D. , Hameed Safa M. ,   University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Haddad Athir M. ,   University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Published: January 2025

This study presents a simple, rapid, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Aripiprazole (ARP) in tablets. The determination procedure is based on the reaction of ARP with 7,7,8,8-tet racyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), producing a colored product that was quantitated spectrophotometrically at 392 nm. Various variables affecting the reaction were optimized. The method exhibited a good linearity range with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994, observed as 0.25–3 μg/mL. The developed method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, assessing specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The formation of the CT-complex and the interaction sites were confirmed by elemental analysis, DSC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ARP in pharmaceutical preparation.
Content Analysis of Reflective Journals Following a Hospice-Palliative Care Practicum in Nursing Students
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, Kim Kyung-ah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to understand the nursing students' experiences and meaning in hospice-palliative care practicum. The subjects of the study were 60 nursing students enrolled at I University in city I who took the ‘Hospice Palliative Nursing Practicum’ course and did their practice at a hospice-palliative care centers. The data were collected twice from May 8, 2023 to June 14, 2024. The data were collected through a reflective journals written by the research participants, in which they wrote about their experiences in the practice, and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. As a result of the analysis, categories and meaningful statements were derived. As a result of the analysis, 5 categories and 18 themes were derived. The experiences of nursing students in hospice and palliative care training were divided into five categories: ‘embodying the meaning and value of hospice’, ‘establishing a role as a prospective medical professional’, ‘accepting death from various perspectives’, ‘rediscovering life’, and ‘time for self-reflection and growth’. The research results showed that through hospice palliative care practice, nursing students went beyond negative thoughts about death and difficulties in practicum and developed a positive attitude toward life and living through contemplation on the essence of human existence, which became an opportunity for their internal maturity and establishment of their roles as prospective nurses.
Ansiedad y depresión maternas y su impacto en la autoeficacia de la lactancia: un estudio de asociación
Authors: Torales Julio , González-Ríos Amín , O’Higgins Marcelo , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Ventriglio Antonio , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Barrios Iván
Published: January 2025

Introducción: la autoeficacia en la lactancia materna es un factor crucial que influye en su éxito y duración. Estudios han demostrado que la ansiedad y la depresión maternaspuede afectar negativamente la autoeficacia en la lactancia, lo que puede dificultar la continuación de esta. Comprender esta relación es esencial para diseñar intervenciones que mejoren el bienestar materno y las prácticas de lactancia.
Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la relación entre la ansiedad y la depresión maternas y la autoeficacia en la lactancia materna, así como describir las características sociodemográficas y de salud mental de las participantes.
Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo, con un diseño transversal, en 108 mujeres en proceso de lactancia en Paraguay. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia. Las participantes completaron el Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), el Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) y la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). Los datos fueron analizados con SPSS, aplicándose la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para determinar las asociaciones entre ansiedad, depresión y autoeficacia.
Resultados: un total de 30,6% de las participantes reportó ansiedad, y 48,1% mostró signos de depresión posparto. Las mujeres con ansiedad y depresión presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en autoeficacia para la lactancia (p=0,044 y p=0,048, respectivamente).
Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren que la ansiedad y la depresión materna afectan negativamente la autoeficacia en la lactancia. Abordar los problemas de salud mental en las madres lactantes es esencial para mejorar su autoeficacia y, en consecuencia, los resultados de la lactancia.
Entrenamiento de una red neuronal para estimación del modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina
Authors: Guevara Tirado Alberto
Published: January 2025

Introducción: la evaluación del modelo homeostático es una prueba muy cercana al estándar de oro (pinza euglucémica).
Objetivo: entrenar una red neuronal tipo perceptrón multicapa para determinar el modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina.
Metodología: estudio analítico y transversal. El aprendizaje de la red neuronal se realizó a partir de una base de datos de 2004 adultos venezolanos. Posteriormente se añadió 4363 adultos mexicanos de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT). Las variables fueron modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA2-IR), insulina basal, glucosa basal. Se empleó redes neuronales tipo perceptrón multicapa.
Resultados: el entrenamiento del modelo de redes neuronales tuvo un error relativo de 0,003, mientras que en la prueba fue 0,005. Para HOMA2-IR cualitativo, el porcentaje de pronósticos incorrectos fue 0,60 % en el entrenamiento, y 0,70 % en la prueba. Después del aprendizaje del modelo, se añadió valores de insulina y glucosa basal de 4363 adultos mexicanos, observándose que los valores de HOMA2-IR generados mediante perceptrón multicapa mantuvieron la eficiencia del modelo, obteniéndose un coeficiente de determinación R2 de 0,983, lo que implica que el 98 % de la variación en los valores de HOMA2-IR pueden ser explicados mediante valores de HOMA2-IR obtenidos mediante perceptrón multicapa.
Conclusiones: la red neuronal tipo perceptrón multicapa, da resultados virtualmente idénticos a los obtenidos mediante la calculadora HOMA2-IR. La implementación de este algoritmo puede ser beneficioso como herramienta de fácil implementación en los sistemas de atención primaria, especializada y en entornos hospitalarios.
„Mi történt velünk?” A magyar fogyatékosügy története 1998 óta, mozgalmi nézőpontból
Authors: Petri Gábor , Hruskó Erika
Published: January 2025

A fogyatékossággal élő emberek társadalmi mozgalmai Magyarországon és világszerte fellépnek a szakpolitikák és jogok formálásában. A tanulmány az 1998 óta eltelt időszak hazai szakpolitikai és mozgalmi eseményeit mozgalmi nézőpontból elemzi, fogyatékosügyi mozgalmi interjúk (15), szakpolitikai dokumentumok és szakirodalmi adatok alapján. A kutatás azt találta, hogy a fogyatékosügyi mozgalom kormányzati elérése 1998 után jelentősen javult. Azonban a 2000-es évek mozgalmi tevékenységei még erősödő emberi jogi keretekben és nyílt kormányzati struktúrák mellett sem vezettek jelentős szakpolitikai előrelépéshez. A 2010-es évek elején nemzetközi emberi jogi szabályok mentén progresszív lépések indultak, ám ezeket ellensúlyozták a bezáródó kormányzati struktúrák, a mozgalom előtti szűkülő tér, a demokratikus intézmények elérésének gyengülése, a konzultatív platformok kiüresedése, a mozgalom széttöredezése és gyakori öncenzúrája. Az emberi jogi szabályok nyomán elindult hazai programok csak részben eredményesek vagy egyenesen kudarcosak, és a mozgalom szereplői szerint a jogi reformok és EU-s programok sem jelentettek érdemi javulást. A mozgalmi akciók a 2010-es évektől kerülik a nyílt kormányzati kritikát. Konfrontatívabb mozgalmi akciók olykor képesek voltak eredményt elérni. A 2010-es évek végére a szakpolitika-alkotás a területen lényegében leállt.
Does silence imply consent? Organ Donation and the Presumption of Informed Consent
Authors: Krenz Ronald , Pérez Edwin
Published: January 2025

In response to the global shortage of organ donation, each country has been applying different public policies to reduce the donor deficit. One of them has been to propose regulatory modifications to the presumed consent system, in order to establish a system in which a favorable will is presumed for post-mortem organ donation, unless the person has declared otherwise while alive.

Recently, the Peruvian law has established the presumed consent system for the donation of organs; it means that, in the absence of express will, the donor's willingness to donate his or her organs at the time of death is now presumed. This regulatory modification follows a tendency established in other countries; however, others remain and respect the free and inform consent regards the willing of donating organs.

This article presents a critical vision of this legal presumption. Under analyzing others health legal systems, we deveal the risks of violation of people's rights when applying a regulation in this sense, which establishes a kind of compelled solidarity, highlighting policies that promote organ donation without compromising fundamental rights.
Transcatheter interventional management of postoperative residual shunt lesion after congenital cardiac surgery
Authors: Chowdhury Naharuma , Sharifuzzaman Mohammad , Shamsuddin Abul , Hossain Jesmin , Patwary Mohammad , Azad Abul , Biswas Prodip , Haq Tawfiq
Published: January 2025

Background: Congenital heart defects can be effectively managed through a variety of approaches, including conservative treatment, surgery, or interventional procedures. Complex defects, such as ventricular or atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus, often necessitate congenital cardiac surgery for correction. Residual lesions refer to defects that persist after surgery or develop later on. Hemodynamically significant residual shunts should be addressed through either transcatheter interventions or redo surgery. Transcatheter closure is increasingly favored as it is less invasive, has a high safety profile, and typically results in lower morbidity, faster recovery times, and reduced costs compared to traditional redo open-heart surgery. This approach allows for effective management of congenital heart defects while minimizing the impact on the patient's overall health. This study aimed to understand the outcomes of these transcatheter management strategies, providing insight into effective clinical practices for managing post-surgical congenital cardiac shunt lesions.

Methods: The patients who developed residual lesion after cardiac surgical correction of shunt lesion like ventricular septal defect (VSD), arterial switch operation (ASO) with atrial septal defect (ASD), ASD with mitral valve cleft, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation were included. This is a prospective observational study which was done in National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute during 2014 August to 2024 September.

Results: Among the seven patients with post-operative residual shunt lesions, four were male and three were female, with a median age of 11 years, ranging from 1 to 28 years. Six of these patients (85.7%) underwent elective closures, while one required an emergency intervention (14.3%). On average, the interval between surgery and the subsequent transcatheter intervention was 6.6 years, with a range from 15 days to 13 years. The average hospital stay across all cases was 7 days, varying from 4 to 22 days, and the follow-up duration averaged 5.84 years. Among these patients, one individual with VSD had a residual shunt. Importantly, there were no vascular access-related complications, postprocedural heart block, hemolysis, significant new valvular regurgitation, or procedure-related mortality.

Conclusion: Transcatheter-based interventions are typically the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed cases. Here a few rare interventional techniques have demonstrated successfully resolved complex surgical complications, ensuring optimal patient outcomes with minimal risks.
A Blueprint for Initiating a Standardized Preliminary Point of Care Ultrasonography Training Curriculum in a combined MD and DO Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Sneha Reddy , Amit Khan , Ravinder Dhatt , Sarah Rhodes , Christopher Ignatz , Akshay Avula , Navitha Ramesh
Published: January 2025

Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a limited yet effective bedside technique used to augment clinical decision making in patients with a multitude of medical conditions. This technique is taught and put into practice increasingly in emergency medicine residency curriculums. However, this technique does have increasing utility in an internal medicine residency curriculum as well and has shown to help guide clinical decision making with improved patient outcomes when used appropriately. Many papers outline the components needed to appropriately design a model program without taking into consideration the barriers that exist. Our initial question was to assess the feasibility of the implementation of a POCUS curriculum in to an already existing dual MD/DO internal medicine (IM) residency curriculum. This paper outlines the implementation of an IM POCUS curriculum while also attempting to navigate the barriers involved. The goal of our project is to serve as an initial building block for POCUS training curriculums in hopes to standardize its use in internal medicine residency programs across the nation.
The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Facilitating Return to Work After Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Tjahjono Cholid , Arthamin Maimun
Published: January 2025

Returning to work (RTW) after a cardiovascular event, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), is a critical aspect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Effective CR not only enhances a patient's quality of life but also ensures financial stability by reducing occupational disability-related costs. Multiple factors involved to return to work process, including physical health, psychological well-being, work-related factors, and the severity of the cardiac event. This review explores the role of CR in facilitating RTW for post-ACS and post-CABG patients, highlighting key considerations for a safe and successful transition to work and daily activities. Interdisciplinary approaches are crucial, as different medical and rehabilitation professionals contribute to optimizing patient outcomes. Furthermore, the type of work and associated physical demands must be carefully evaluated for each patient. Special attention is needed for developing countries, where cardiac rehabilitation programs are less established, to ensure these patients receive adequate support. The article concludes by discussing future strategies to improve return to work rates, improving quality of life, and minimize the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Perturbation in Magnetic Resonance Images from Cerebellum Target Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Li Kaile , Helis Corbin , Parsai Esmail , Karlin Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is an efficacy procedure in treatment of brain disease. The complicated SRS procedure includes simulation, target definition, treatment planning, target localization and dose delivery. The external accuracy verifications of the whole procedure have been investigated with different quality assurance methodologies. However, the final estimation of SRS procedure should be reflected in the disease lesions inside the patient, and this could be done by employing different imaging modalities at different temporal points, but challenges exist in abstracting the weak signal due to radiation in the images. Therefore, in this study, a method was used to estimate the perturbation information in MRIs at different temporal points after a cerebellum target SRS.

Methods and Materials: A cerebellum target was under an SRS with a single ARC small aperture cone on a Linac machine from Varian Medical system. A series of MRIs in different temporal points have been attained, the temporal range was 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months. The volume of interested scans were defined by the isodose volume in the dosimetric plan, which included target volume, and isodose volumes which were at different isodose levels including 100%, 90%, 75%, 60%, 30% and 15% of prescription dose. Through image fusion method, these volumes of interest were defined in the MRIs through the function of copy structures to registered image. Then structure property function to attain the structure statistics including minimum Hounsfield Unit (HU), maximum HU, mean HU, and standard deviation (SD) of HU inside the volume of interest. Vectors were used to represent the separate volumes of interest and corresponding statistics in HU. A relative percentage difference method, which was defined to be the ratio between the differences of SD and mean SD divided by the mean SD to separate the technical variation from imaging procedure.

Result: For the selected volumes of interest, the mean SD HUs were 20.8, 20.4, 24.1, and 26.21 for T1 MRIs, and was 35.2, 17.4, 31.9, and 37.1 for T1 MRIs with contrast. And the least difference in SD HU vector elements was at 3 months, and the average absolute SD HUs was about three in magnitude. Moreover, the relative percentage difference showed a time-spatial vector pattern with special characteristics.

Conclusions: Some significant HU variation can be seen from T1 and T1 with contrast MRIs in temporal and volume discrete matrix. Data analysis could be further improved by eliminating the uncertainty due to technical inconsistency, and similar investigation approach could be applied to the MRIs acquired right after radiation irradiated for SRS.
Virus Retentive Filters - Effective Virus Removal in the Manufacturing Process of Biologicals
Authors: Groner Albrecht
Published: January 2025

inactivation or removal – have to be implemented to assure a high margin of virus safety of these products. Orthogonal mechanisms of virus clearance should be integrated in the manufacturing process in order to inactivate / remove viruses/virus aggregates having been able to escape to a certain degree the reduction capacity of the previous virus clearance step. Virus retentive filters as an orthogonal virus clearance step are frequently implemented in the manufacturing process of biologicals as the virus removal capacity of virus retentive filters is based on size exclusion. Only the size of a virus impacts the removal capacity and not virus properties as enveloped/ non-enveloped or RNA / DNA viruses and their resistance to physiochemical treatment. Viruses larger than the mean pore size of a virus retentive filter are removed from the feed stream and the desired protein – if smaller than the pore size of the filter membrane – will pass the filter and can be collected in the filtrate without / with very low virus contamination. Depending on the filter pore size, virus retentive filters are grouped in large and small virus retentive filters i.e., filters removing large viruses as retroviruses and small viruses as picornaviruses and, especially, parvoviruses. Data of virus reduction factors from 89 publications, resulting in a total of close to 500 virus clearance studies for different viruses, product intermediates and large and small virus retentive filters are assessed. The virus clearance capacity of these filters can depend on the membrane layout and chemistry, the volumetric throughput of product intermediate as well as of buffer flush and transmembrane pressure including pressure/flow interruption and flow decay. These parameters, when disclosed in published data, show filter brand specific differences but, having the above-mentioned parameters for each filter optimised, effective virus removal could mostly be demonstrated in virus validation studies for each filter brand.
Investigation into the Physiological Effects of Nanometer Light Energized Water Study I
Authors: Connor Caitlin , Connor Melinda , Eickhoff Jens , Horzempa Dan , Schmidt KellyAnne
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This was a discovery study to determine the base physiological effects on individuals consuming water energized by light. The LifeWave Water Device I was used, which energizes water using focused light of specific wavelengths.

Materials: LifeWave Water Device I, distilled water, plastic cups. VarioCAM® HD head 880 / 30 mm near infrared imaging camera and software, laptop and associated cables and stands. Thought Technology BioGraph Infiniti Physiology Suite including HRV analysis modules, leads, pads, and gel. Data Logging multi-meter, AP-Meter (air pressure meter), barometric pressure gage, ambient temperature gage, blood pressure cuff, iHealth non-contact thermometer, pulse-oxygen meter, Omron Body Composition Monitor and Scale (2021). OMAX darkfield/brightfield microscope with video system software, lancets, band aids, cotton balls, alcohol wipes, lens paper, lens wipes, slides, cover-slips. Urine samples for amino acid testing, test tubes, urine cups, -20C freezer, racking. Questionnaires, computers, printer, pens, clipboards and paper. Shipping supplies including Uline triple walled freezer boxes, deluxe liners, medical grade styrofoam freezer containers, dry ice and shipping tape.

Method: A randomized controlled sample of 20 individuals, men and women age 21-81 were recruited, consented and baseline information taken prior to study scheduled date. On scheduled date, participants were on-site for approximately 2 hours. Defined measures were taken and then while attached to HRV system participants drank 8 oz of one of two versions of water treated by the LifeWave Water Device Version I. Base water product used was commercial distilled water lightly chilled prior to device treatment. Water was treated for approximately 45 minutes. Group one had no additives to the water and group two added a magnesium based commercial detoxification product. Duplicate measures were then taken. Questionnaires were given at baseline and post physiological testing. Results: There was significance in participant response from this product across several different areas of interest. These areas included amino acid panel, HRV, bioelectric measures and changes in red blood cell response.

Conclusion: The changes produced by the energized water support further exploration and potential further development of this device.
“Increased Myocardial Wall Thickness in a Patient with Severe Hypothyroidism, Showed Complete Reversibility After Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy” Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tayeb Dr. Areeg , Yousif Dr. Omnia , Ahmed Dr. Mohamed , Ahmed Dr. Abdelazez
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Hypothyroidism affects the cardiovascular system in various ways. This may include bradycardia, diastolic hypertension, increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR), decreased cardiac contractility, and cardiac output. Increased myocardial thickness is seldomly reported. The thickness can be secondary to edema, hypertrophy, substance deposition, or the combination of all three.

Case summary:

In this case report and review we present a patient with severe hypothyroidism and massive recurrent pericardial effusion, leading to cardiac tamponade that needed drainage twice at one-month intervals. Increased myocardial wall thickness of both the septum and the posterior walls was detected. The increased thickness completely recovered in six months duration after thyroid hormone replacement and restoration of euthyroid status. We ran a review on the effects of hypothyroidism on the heart and vascular system, with a focus on the incidence, possible etiology, and reversibility of increased tissue thickness in different body organs in hypothyroid patients. These organs are the skin, the myocardium, and the carotid intima.

Conclusion:

Severe hypothyroidism can cause increased myocardial thickness that is reversible after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Increased thickness is also seen in the skin and the carotid intima. The pathophysiology is probable of various etiology, however myocardial edema seems to be a strong reason considering the quick recovery after treatment.
Does growth sparing techniques improve lung function tests in idiopathic Early Onset Scoliosis - A Retrospective Single Centre Analysis
Authors: Balasubramanian Sai , Dhamija Boresh , Bruce Colin , Davidson Neil , Trivedi Jayesh , Munigangaiah Sudarshan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Growth-sparing surgical strategies are routinely employed in Early Onset Scoliosis to allow for thoracic cavity growth and lung development along with spinal growth. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are measured pre- and post-operatively to assess improvement of respiratory functions. The general consensus is that growing rods are associated with an improvement in pulmonary function compared to early fusion. We aimed to analyse and compare the pre- and post-op PFTs to assess any statistically significant improvements in the lung functions.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all surgically managed patients with idiopathic Early Onset Scoliosis with minimum 2 years follow up. Radiological parameters and Pulmonary function tests were observed and compared. The FEV1 and FVC were measured, and the age-predicted values were calculated along with z score change of FEV1 and FVC pre- and post-operatively. The correlation between thoracic height gain and change in PFTs was also calculated.

Results: Overall, 28 patients had underwent growing rods insertion for EOS in 2016-2018 at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK. 17 idiopathic EOS patients were included in the study, out of which 8 were included. The average T1-T12 height gain was 2.5 cm. Both the mean FEV1 and FVC increased with age(p<0.0001) due to the lung growth. However, the mean age predicted percentage values were decreased for both FEV1(p<0.05) and FVC (p<0.01). The z scores were also reduced/negative for both values (p<0.05). There were moderate negative correlations between FEV1 and FVC z score change with cobbs angle change indicating worsening of lung function tests at a short term follow up.

Conclusion: This study suggests improvement in FEV1 and FVC with thoracic height gain. There was a negative impact on pulmonary function tests with greater change in cobb angle over a short period of time (2 years) or greater the acute distraction, as indicated by negative correlations between % predicted and z-score values of FEV1, FVC or FEV1/FVC ratios. Longer-term studies are essential to demonstrate the efficacy of treatment related to pulmonary functions in idiopathic Early Onset Scoliosis.
Hydrogen Production via Waste Pyrolysis: A Review of A Study
Authors: Kurt Yuzbasioglu Sinem , Olgun Hayati
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen has great potential for future energy prospects, especially in the potential low-carbon energy system, known as hydrogen economy. It has the highest energy content among all existing fuels [1]. Additionally, as an efficient and clean energy carrier, with only water being released as a byproduct in its conversion into energy. While hydrogen can be derived from various technologies, including both non-renewable (such as fossil fuels) and renewable sources (like biomass) [2], the predominant method still involves fossil fuels, with limited renewable applications due to technological and economic challenges [3]. This study presents a patented model designed by Environmental Power International Ltd (EPi R&D, UK) to produce hydrogen-rich gas from waste while minimising carbon emissions. Model integrates three main sub-systems: High Temperature Pyrolyser, Gas Refinery Unit and Hydrogen Conversion Unit. EPi pyrolysis unit converts the feedstock into syngas and carbon char, and then syngas is refined into methane-rich gas, and ultimately produces high-purity hydrogen and carbon black via thermal plasma electrolysis. Lab scale trials conducted on waste mixtures (Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) and waste plastic) demonstrated that the model's capability to convert waste into hydrogen with purity exceeding 90%. The design provides great potential for Carbon Capture through its by-products including solid Carbon Black and solid Carbon Char. Carbon Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates that the system leads to net negative emissions. This integrated pyrolysis solution presents a promising avenue for sustainable hydrogen production from waste.
Economía creativa: alternativas para reducir precariedad
Authors: Ribalino David A.
Published: January 2025

Esta publicación se concentra en las políticas y programas para mitigar los riesgos sociales a los que se enfrentanlos trabajadores de la economía creativa. Se analizan los problemas de cobertura social de estos trabajadores, desde el punto de vista de la eficiencia y la equidad y brinda recomendaciones para ampliar la cobertura de protección social a la economía creativa y a todos los trabajadores independientes.
Transición energética en Galápagos 2050: evolución energética
Authors: Gómez José Ramon , Thys Kenol , Molina María Julia , Vega Marcela , Larrea Sisi , Pesca Andrés , Pesántez Patricio , Cespedes Renato , Mayorga Dario , Oña Pólit Renato
Published: January 2025

Presenta los principales aspectos contenidos en el Plan de Transición Energética de las Islas Galápagos Evolución energética, elaborado por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas de Ecuador con el apoyo técnico del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), cuya principal apuesta es la reducción significativa del consumo de los combustibles fósiles para generación eléctrica en el corto (2026) y mediano plazo (2030); y lograr un consumo cero en el largo plazo (2050). Dichas metas se erigen como una oportunidad para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI); disminuir el impacto fiscal de los subsidios, en particular a los combustibles líquidos y la energía eléctrica; empoderar a los usuarios de las Islas para lidera el proceso de transición energética; trabajar por lograr una mayor participación de la mujer en el sector eléctrico de las islas; y, asegurar la sostenibilidad en el largo plazo de este museo y laboratorio viviente de la evolución, como lo ha denominado la UNESCO.
Research Insights: How Do Aggregate Shocks Impact Firm Entry and Exit, Affecting Macroeconomic Outcomes During Recessions?
Authors: Ayres João
Published: January 2025

Credit shocks and COVID-19 lockdown effects significantly impact firm entry and exit rates, more so than traditional productivity shocks. These shocks lead to substantial reductions in firm entry and increases in exits, concentrated among young and small firms. During the Great Recession, credit constraints particularly affected young firms, reducing their entry and increasing exit rates, which contributed to slower economic recovery by limiting new business formation. Changes in firm entry and exit accounted for 1020% of the decline in output and hours worked during recessions, highlighting the critical role of firm dynamics in shaping macroeconomic outcomes during downturns.
A Roadmap Framework for Industrial Decarbonization in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Hasanbeigi Ali , Springer Cecilia
Published: January 2025

This report examines the intricate landscape of industrial energy use and emissions in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and explores potential avenues for decarbonization across key industrial subsectors. It presents a robust conceptual framework to empower stakeholders in LAC countries to develop sector-specific roadmaps for commercial and emerging industrial decarbonization technologies. Specifically, it explores three top energy-using industrial subsectors: food and beverages, iron and steel, and cement. The framework will help address the urgent challenges of industrial decarbonization in LAC. By offering tailored decarbonization roadmaps, the report provides decision makers with practical tools to navigate the complexities of transitioning toward sustainable industrial practices. This is particularly crucial given the region's unique socio-economic and environmental characteristics, and its technology readiness levels. The policy gap analysis underscores the need for more comprehensive and integrated approaches to industrial decarbonization policies. A multi-step approach ensures that the roadmap is firmly rooted in context and informed by available data, synthesizing insights into cohesive, actionable strategies for industrial decarbonization. The report provides sample outlines for using the framework to develop decarbonization roadmaps for the three industrial subsectors studied. The findings not only contribute to advancing sustainability goals but will also play a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of climate change, thus ensuring a more resilient and prosperous future for the LAC region.
Therapeutic benefits of Fenugreek on Breast Milk Production and Weight Gain Among Newborns
Authors: Prakasam Anita , Darji Pinal , Kumar Prajapati Mukund , Yamiben Patel , Vanshita Patel , Anitaben Prajapati
Published: January 2025

Background: Breast milk is highly effective in fulfilling the nutritional needs of infants, providing them with a complete range of essential nutrients for healthy growth and development. However, it is well-documented that many mothers face challenges with insufficient breast milk production during the postpartum period. Fenugreek, a commonly used herbal remedy, is often sought to increase lactation. It has been used for centuries to help nursing mothers enhance milk production. Its action is thought to involve stimulating the synthesis of prolactin, a hormone crucial for breast feeding. Furthermore, breast feeding is linked to supporting weight gain in newborns. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of fenugreek on improving breast milk production and promoting weight gain among newborns during the early weeks. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was employed, involving 30 postnatal mothers in the experimental group and 30 in the control group, selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Newborn weight was measured using an infanto-meter, and a checklist was used to evaluate breastfeeding practices. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied in the study. Results: The findings indicated a notable improvement in breast milk secretion among mothers who took fenugreek, compared to those who did not take it. Conclusion: The positive effects of fenugreek consumption were particularly evident in the frequency of urination and weight gain of newborns.
Morphological Analysis and Comparison of Asiaticoside Content in Centella asiatica Grown in Different Regions of Malaysia
Authors: Zainal Nur Hazirah , Mohsin Hannis Fadzilah , Eshak Zolkapli , Sulong Noor Anilizawatima
Published: January 2025

Background: Centella asiatica L. Urban is a medicinal plant that contains Secondary Metabolites (SMs) such as terpenoids that not only function in environment adaptation but importantly give potential wide medicinal value specifically asiaticoside such as brain tonic and anti-inflammatory. This very reason causes a rise in market demand which may lead to plant overexploitation considering that the plant grows very slowly in natural settings and only produces a small amount of SM. Previous studies have reported a few factors including soil composition, lighting and temperature that may affect the growth of the plant and its SM production. Aim: This study aimed to compare the asiaticoside accumulated in C. asiatica grown in different regions and the factors that may affect its accumulation. Methods: In this study, the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to identify and compare the asiaticoside content in C. asiatica from Sungai Buloh, Bukit Cerakah and Sungkai and the concentration was then calculated by utilisation of calibration curve. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyse the plant cell morphology and pH measurements of soil were conducted. Results: The crude extract obtained from pegaga of Sg. Buloh with clayey and acidic soil exhibited the highest asiaticoside content followed by Bukit Cerakah and Sungkai. Other factors such as the optimal light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, soil fertility and soil water status were also key factors that significantly enhanced the asiaticoside production. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that distinct growing conditions particularly the type and acidity of soil play a vital role in the production of SM. However, further studies are necessary to explore the soil nutrients and the simultaneous effects of multiple environmental factors on the biosynthesis of SM to ensure favourable plant cultivation and maximise SM production.
Phytochemistry, Nutritional Features and Therapeutic Potential of Malus domestica Borkh.: A Review
Authors: Amrinder Kaur  , Simran Sharma  , Karma Choden  , Somya Sinha  , Pankaj Nainwal
Published: January 2025

Fruit has been a mainstay of the human diet since the dawn of recorded history, and there is ample evidence to conclude that most of our ancestors were frugivorous. The apple, also called Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), is a well-known fruit that stands out for having a high concentration of polyphenols, which are bioactive compounds assumed to be in charge of metabolic activity. Due to its abundance of phytonutrients, this fruit is extremely valuable to human health and offers a variety of advantages. Fruit-derived bioactive chemicals have gained popularity as a treatment against a range of ailments since they are less likely to induce negative effects than chemical drugs. It is a versatile fruit and every part is packed with nutrients (carbohydrates, soluble proteins, fat, and dietary fibres), vitamins (A, B-complex, C, E, and K), minerals (iron, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, zinc, and cobalt), electrolytes (potassium, sodium, and chlorine), and essential phytochemicals (lutein-zeaxanthin, Cryptoxanthin-ß, and carotene-ß), and having different pharmacological activities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, wound healing, etc. However, quercetin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, and myricetin, as well as other catechins, powerful anthocyanins, phlorizin, and chlorogenic acid, are the main biologically active components of apple polyphenol. The objective is to give an overview of the nutritional health benefits, phytochemical properties and potential therapeutic uses of Malus domestica reported in traditional as well as modern literature to date.
Development and Validation of High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Catechin, Bergenin and Diosgenin in Varunadi Kvatha Churna
Authors: Chitte Keshavnam , Prajapati Disha , Dodiya Tanvi , Patel Janvi
Published: January 2025

Background: Varunadi Kvatha Churna, an Ayurvedic formulation, is renowned for its efficacy in managing urinary disorders due to the synergistic actions of herbs like Pashanbhed, Varuna, and Gokshura. Aim: This study aims to develop and validate a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin in Varunadi Kvatha Churna. Methods: The study utilized analytical grade organic solvents and standards of Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin. A marketed formulation of Varunadi Kvatha Churna was procured, and sample solutions were prepared. HPTLC analysis was conducted using a CAMAG system with specific chromatographic conditions and vision CAT Software. Result: The optimal mobile phase was determined to be toluene: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: methanol (7:4:0.5:1v/v/v/v) and Silica gel G60F254 in the stationary phase. Using the absorbance reflectance mode, quantification was done at 494 nm for Catechin, 277 nm for Bergenin, and 449 nm for Diosgenin. It found that the Rf values of Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin were, respectively, 0.31, 0.18, and 0.73. The method exhibited good linearity in the range of 2000–10,000 ng/band for concentration. The LOD was found to be 168, 219.1, and 63.5 ng/band of Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin. Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin were found to have LOQs of 509.1, 654.6, and 192.4 ng/band, respectively. The method exhibited good precision, accuracy, system suitability, and specificity. The robust study confirmed the method’s stability under varying conditions. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Catechin, Bergenin, and Diosgenin was found to be simple, linear, accurate and repeatable. The method can be used further for the estimation of biomarkers in crude drugs, herbal and Ayurvedic formulations.
A Systematic Review Investigating the Impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Cognitive Function and Memory: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Chitrakar Mrudul Y. , Pawar Vinay , Wange Mangala , Bhapkar Vedvati K.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This systematic review investigates the role of Glycyrrhiza glabra in cognitive function and memory enhancement. It focuses on gathering and synthesizing existing evidence published from September 2020 onwards to comprehensively evaluate the potential cognitive benefits associated with the consumption of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Methodology: A systematic literature search conducted in electronic databases included variations of “Glycyrrhiza glabra”, “liquorice”, “cognitive function”, “memory” and related terms. Total 31 manuscripts were included in the study published from the year 2004 to 2020 onwards. The inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed articles from reputable scientific journals, encompassing diverse age groups of human subjects. The investigation considered research employing various forms of Glycyrrhiza glabra, including extracts, supplements, or dietary consumption, to evaluate cognitive impacts. To maintain linguistic consistency, studies not published in English were excluded, along with animal studies, reviews, and conference abstracts, ensuring a focused and rigorous analysis of pertinent literature. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of identified articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full-text articles of potentially relevant studies were then assessed for eligibility. Results: The analyses revealed that major mental impairment is caused due to various oxidative damages, neurodegenerative damages leading to the damage of the hippocampus region, HMGP1, neural damage, increase in the inflammatory cytokines production, and many others. Studies have shown that G. glabra and the components extracted from it have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment and stop these cognitive impairments as they can breach the blood-brain barrier, lower the above-mentioned damages and enhance the activity of the nervous system in a desired way. Conclusion: In the presented study, G. glabra was found to be effective for the treatment of cognitive impairments. However, this study reinforces the importance of classic Ayurvedic plants like G. glabra for the treatment of these neuro-cognitive disorders.
Bio Prospecting of Novel Moderate Halophilic Bacterium Marinobacter spp. JS17 Recovered from the West Coast of Karnataka, India
Authors: Yaradoddi Jayachandra S. , Shoba H. , Meti Bharati S. , Sharada P. , Megeri Gangadhar
Published: January 2025

Background: Halophilic bacteria are known for their bioactive molecule production and their unique characteristic features, especially broader salinity, pH and temperature tolerant abilities. Aim: To bioprospect the novel moderate halophilic bacterium Marinobacter spp. JS17 recovered from the west coast of Karnataka, India. Methods: A moderate halophilic bacteria was isolated from the Arabian Sea in Karnataka, India and selected for further studies. As part of the bioprospection, we have carried out the all required morphological, biochemical, enzyme production, and antibiotic resistance potential activities. Molecular identification especially 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic studies were done. Results: The strain can able to grow in various concentrations of salts ranging between 0-20% (w/v), the optimum salt required is 10%(w/v), pH ranges from 5-10, and a broad range of temperatures 20-50℃, evident that the halophilic bacterium belonged to an extreme tolerant group. It was discovered that the strain was capable of producing extracellular enzymes like amylase, lipases, esterase, and proteases. Antibiogram investigations have revealed the strain’s ability for multidrug resistance, which establishes the significance of its prospective medical application. Interestingly the strain showed considerable resistance against broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftazidime (30mcg/disc), cefotaxime (30mcg/disc), colistin (10mcg/disc) and neomycic. Conclusion: Marinobacter has indicated its multidrug resistance and multi-extracellular enzyme production capabilities. The isolated bacterium was identified as Marinobacter spp. JS17 and the accession of HQ834852were obtained after the gene sequence was deposited in the NCBI platform. 16S rRNA gene sequence examination along with the phenotypic, biochemical, and genotypic data have revealed that the isolated bacterium possesses versatile characteristic features and novel taxon within the Marinobacter genus with only 95% BLAST sequence similarity.
Unlocking Skin Barriers: Applications and Properties of Natural Permeation Enhancers
Authors: Singh Sangam , Mazumder Rupa , Padhi Swarupanjali , Mishra Rashmi , Kumar Vimlesh
Published: January 2025

Permeation enhancers, also known as sorption promoters, play a crucial role in improving skin permeability for drug delivery by modifying the physical and chemical properties of the Stratum Corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer. Effective permeation enhancers are characterized by their non-toxic, non-irritating nature, rapid action, and chemical compatibility. The skin, as the largest organ, serves as a barrier and absorption site for medications, with various layers contributing to its function. Permeation enhancers act through several mechanisms, including the modification of SC lipids and interaction with cellular proteins, which alter skin barrier properties. Natural Permeation Enhancers (NPEs) such as fatty acid esters, essential oils, and terpenes are emerging as safer and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic enhancers, with studies demonstrating their ability to disrupt keratin patterns and enhance drug flow through the epidermis. Terpenes, in particular, exhibit low irritancy and toxicity while enhancing drug delivery through lipid structure alteration and interaction with intracellular proteins. Key terpenes like menthol and limonene have shown significant efficacy in improving drug absorption. Additionally, fatty acids, especially long-chain unsaturated varieties like oleic acid, enhance skin permeability by increasing fluidity and diffusivity. Their effectiveness is influenced by the characteristics of the permeants, delivery methods, and fatty acid structure. The presence of cosolvents such as ethanol can further boost the permeability effects of fatty acids by facilitating lipid extraction from the skin. Overall, the exploration of both natural and synthetic permeation enhancers offers promising avenues for improving transdermal drug delivery systems.