bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence topology evolution in weakly turbulent two-phase flows
Authors: Onofre Ramos Marcos M. , Bouali Zakaria , Mura Arnaud
Published: January 2024

In turbulent two-phase flows, not only the isotropy of velocity fluctuations can be altered by the presence of liquid blobs, ligaments, or pockets, the structure of the turbulent flow field and associated flow topology may also be significantly modified. In this respect, the small-scale wrinkling and curvature of the liquid–gas interface, which is associated with sharp and large density variations, impact turbulence in the gas phase. In the present study, the joint probability density function of the second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor (VGT)—and especially its traceless counterpart—is considered so as to scrutinize how the turbulent flow topology in the gas may be altered. These quantities are analyzed on the basis of direct numerical simulation databases of two-phase flows evolution in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Statistics of the invariants of the VGT are gathered at various distances to the interface so that the gas phase is divided into three sub-regions according to the values of the level-set G, i.e., the signed distance to the liquid/gas interface. The analysis of the VGT invariants shows that turbulent small-scale structures and associated flow topology are modified in the vicinity of the liquid–gas interface. Lagrangian evolution equations of the VGT and its invariants are thus studied to get a refined view of the corresponding changes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is first time that these budgets are scrutinized in such conditions. Special emphasis is placed on conditional mean rates of change of the VGT invariants in the plane of the second and third invariants. In the corresponding set of coordinates, the obtained trajectories are found to be mainly driven by (i) mutual interactions between invariants and (ii) pressure Hessian contributions, thus confirming the importance of the latter for the dynamics and structure of turbulent two-phase flows.
Futile treatment – when is enough, enough?
Authors: Beran Roy G. , Devereux J. A.
Published: January 2024

Objective This paper examines two aspects of treatment decision making: withdrawal of treatment decisions made by a patient; and decisions to not proceed with treatment by a health professional. The paper aims to provide an overview of the law relating to the provision of treatment, then highlight the uncertainty as to the meaning of and costs associated with futile treatment. Methods The paper reviews the current legal and medical literature on futile treatment. Results Continuing treatment which is futile is not in the patient’s best interests. Futility may be understood in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Recent legal cases have expanded the definition of futility to focus not on the nature of the treatment itself, but also on the health of the patient to whom treatment is provided. Conclusions As Australia’s population ages, there is likely to be an increased focus on the allocation of scarce health resources. This will, inevitably, place constraints on the number and variety of treatments offered to patients. The level of constraint will be felt acutely where a proposed treatment offers little clinical efficacy. It is time to try to understand and agree on a workable definition of futility.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase BFAR promotes degradation of PNPLA3
Authors: Das Avash , Cheng Haili , Wang Yang , Kinch Lisa N. , Liang Guosheng , Hong Sen , Hobbs Helen H. , Cohen Jonathan C.
Published: January 2024

A missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3(I148M)] is the most impactful genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease (FLD). We previously showed that PNPLA3 is ubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by proteasomes and autophagosomes and that the PNPLA3(148M) variant interferes with this process. To define the machinery responsible for PNPLA3 turnover, we used small interfering (si)RNAs to inactivate components of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inactivation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR), a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase, reproducibly increased PNPLA3 levels in two lines of cultured hepatocytes. Conversely, overexpression of BFAR decreased levels of endogenous PNPLA3 in HuH7 cells. BFAR and PNPLA3 co-immunoprecipitated when co-expressed in cells. BFAR promoted ubiquitylation of PNPLA3 in vitro in a reconstitution assay using purified, epitope-tagged recombinant proteins. To confirm that BFAR targets PNPLA3, we inactivatedBfarin mice. Levels of PNPLA3 protein were increased twofold in hepatic lipid droplets ofBfar−/−mice with no associated increase in PNPLA3 mRNA levels. Taken together these data are consistent with a model in which BFAR plays a role in the post-translational degradation of PNPLA3. The identification of BFAR provides a potential target to enhance PNPLA3 turnover and prevent FLD.
Folding-upon-binding pathways of an intrinsically disordered protein from a deep Markov state model
Authors: Sisk Thomas R. , Robustelli Paul
Published: January 2024

A central challenge in the study of intrinsically disordered proteins is the characterization of the mechanisms by which they bind their physiological interaction partners. Here, we utilize a deep learning–based Markov state modeling approach to characterize the folding-upon-binding pathways observed in a long timescale molecular dynamics simulation of a disordered region of the measles virus nucleoprotein N
TAIL
reversibly binding the X domain of the measles virus phosphoprotein complex. We find that folding-upon-binding predominantly occurs via two distinct encounter complexes that are differentiated by the binding orientation, helical content, and conformational heterogeneity of N
TAIL
. We observe that folding-upon-binding predominantly proceeds through a multi-step induced fit mechanism with several intermediates and do not find evidence for the existence of canonical conformational selection pathways. We observe four kinetically separated native-like bound states that interconvert on timescales of eighty to five hundred nanoseconds. These bound states share a core set of native intermolecular contacts and stable N
TAIL
helices and are differentiated by a sequential formation of native and non-native contacts and additional helical turns. Our analyses provide an atomic resolution structural description of intermediate states in a folding-upon-binding pathway and elucidate the nature of the kinetic barriers between metastable states in a dynamic and heterogenous, or “fuzzy”, protein complex.
Transport of metformin metabolites by guanidinium exporters of the small multidrug resistance family
Authors: Lucero Rachael M. , Demirer Kemal , Yeh Trevor Justin , Stockbridge Randy B.
Published: January 2024

Proteins from the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family are frequently associated with horizontally transferred multidrug resistance gene arrays found in bacteria from wastewater and the human-adjacent biosphere. Recent studies suggest that a subset of SMR transporters might participate in the metabolism of the common pharmaceutical metformin by bacterial consortia. Here, we show that both genomic and plasmid-associated transporters of the SMRGdx functional subtype export byproducts of microbial metformin metabolism, with particularly high export efficiency for guanylurea. We use solid-supported membrane electrophysiology to evaluate the transport kinetics for guanylurea and native substrate guanidinium by four representative SMRGdx homologs. Using an internal reference to normalize independent electrophysiology experiments, we show that transport rates are comparable for genomic and plasmid-associated SMRGdx homologs, and using a proteoliposome-based transport assay, we show that 2 proton:1 substrate transport stoichiometry is maintained. Additional characterization of guanidinium and guanylurea export properties focuses on the structurally characterized homolog, Gdx-Clo, for which we examined the pH dependence and thermodynamics of substrate binding and solved an x-ray crystal structure with guanylurea bound. Together, these experiments contribute in two main ways. By providing the first detailed kinetic examination of the structurally characterized SMRGdx homolog Gdx-Clo, they provide a functional framework that will inform future mechanistic studies of this model transport protein. Second, this study casts light on a potential role for SMRGdx transporters in microbial handling of metformin and its microbial metabolic byproducts, providing insight into how native transport physiologies are co-opted to contend with new selective pressures.
A multifunctional frequency selective rasorber based on hybrid microfluidic-electronic control
Authors: Yuan Hang , Brizi Danilo , Mishra Varsha , Fang Xiaoxing , Li Huangyan , Cao Qunsheng , Monorchio Agostino
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a multifunctional frequency selective rasorber (FSR) based on hybrid microfluidic-electronic control is presented. The proposed FSR consists of a photosensitive resin-based microfluidic channel and an active frequency selective surface. The lossy layer utilizes the special properties of water (dispersion characteristics, fluidity), and has great advantages in low profile, multifunction, and low costs. Four different responses are realized by the combination of two independent control systems, which provide more degrees of freedom for manipulating electromagnetic waves. In addition, the distribution of electric fields and power loss densities are thoroughly analyzed to derive the physical properties of the proposed structure. Finally, a multifunctional FSR is fabricated and measured, and the simulated and tested results are in good agreement. The proposed structure performs under different polarizations and incident angles (up to 30°), which ensures the stability and security of the communication system in complex environments.
A highly tunable biosensor in graphene-vanadium dioxide hyperbolic metamaterial based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhou Xiang , Ding Yiping , Yang Chenfei , Yue Qinxin , Deng Dongmei , Ouyang Shigen , Yang Xiangbo
Published: January 2024

We investigate the Goos-Hänchen

GH

shift in a hyperbolic metamaterial comprising graphene

GHMM

and vanadium dioxide

V
O

2

as the dielectric. Our study reveals that the dispersion type of GHMM can be controlled via the Fermi energy of graphene and temperature, modulating wavelength intervals. Notably, the GH shift in type I dispersion surpasses that in elliptical and type II dispersions. This suggests GH shift control by altering dispersion in GHMM. Thickness variations in

V
O

2

and the number of graphene/

V
O

2

layers minimally affect GH shift. In contrast, graphene thickness significantly impacts GH shift, with thicker graphene yielding minor shifts. Meanwhile, we discover that substantial GH shift enhancement by surface plasmon resonance

SPR

excitation, with sensitivity to refractive index changes in the sensing layer. Based on the above conclusions, we theoretically propose a highly tunable biosensor uniting GHMM with SPR and use it to distinguish normal cells from cancer cells. This work advances optical biosensors and precise physical quantity measurements.
Dimensional scaling effects on critical current density and magnetization switching in CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Phoomatna R , Sampan-a-pai S , Meo A , Chantrell R W , Chureemart J , Chureemart P
Published: January 2024

In this work, we theoretically investigate the size dependence of the magnetization reversal behavior in CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) by employing an atomistic spin model coupled with the spin accumulation model. The former and the latter are used to construct the magnetic structure and to model the spin transport behavior, respectively. The accuracy of the approach is confirmed by investigating the dependence of the magnetic properties on the size of the MTJ. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is observed for thickness less than 1.3 nm, which is in an excellent agreement with experiment. To investigate the magnetization dynamics induced by spin-polarized current, a charge current is injected into the MTJ structure perpendicular to the stack leading to a spin-transfer torque acting on the magnetization of the CoFeB layer. The results show that the critical current density to reverse the magnetization is lower for PMA-MTJ and in addition for the same injected current density the time required to switch the magnetization is shorter than for an in-plane MTJ. The results can be used as a guideline to optimize the design of high performance MTJs for STT-MRAM applications.
Properties of the single-particle spectrum generated by the mixed fractional rotation group
Authors: Budaca R
Published: January 2024

The deformation-related properties of the single-particle spectrum generated by a fractional rotational group with mixed derivative definitions are investigated in order to ascertain the spectrum's suitability as a viable microscopic model. A new parametrization is proposed based on fits on experimental single-particle levels. The performance of the resulting model is judged by calculating the microscopic contribution to the masses and the ground state deformation of even–even nuclei.
Studying lepton flavor violating μ decays with vector leptoquark
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Brahma Barnali , Giri Anjan
Published: January 2024

We study the charged LFV μ decays such as μ → e
γ, μ → eee, and

μ
−
e

Ti

with a vector leptoquark (U
3) by considering the constraints from non-standard neutrino interaction (NSI) sector parameter ϵ

e
μ
. We consider that these NSIs are attributed to the presence of leptoquarks to account for the difference in the experimental observations of δ

CP
measurement by NOvA and T2K. In our study, we obtained the branching ratios with uncertainties for three decay modes:

B
(
μ
→
e
γ
)

≤

4.6

−
2.6

+
3.8

×

10

−
18

,

B
(
μ
→
eee
)

≤

9.57

−
5.37

+
7.43

×

10

−
21

,

B

μ
→
e

Ti

≤

6.89

−
3.89

+
5.61

×

10

−
19

.

Our results show an improvement in the current limits, which can be explored in future experiments.
Application of bioinspired geomagnetic sensor measurements and geomagnetic map modeling based on neural networks in simulated navigation
Authors: Shi Hongkai , Tang Ruiqi , Wang Qingmeng , Song Tao
Published: January 2024

A geomagnetic field is a vector field in which the strength and direction are related to geographical location. Geomagnetic navigation technology, which uses collected geomagnetic field information to achieve positioning and navigation, has the advantages of reliability, stability, accuracy, and concealment. With the deepening research on geomagnetic navigation, bioinspired geomagnetic navigation technology has also been developed, which mainly studies and imitates the magnetic sensing mechanism and navigation behavior of animals, providing new research ideas for geomagnetic navigation technology. The magnetic particle hypothesis and free radical pair hypothesis are two mainstream mechanisms of biological sensing using the geomagnetic field, and studies have shown that these two mechanisms may be coupled within organisms. In this study, we propose a bioinspired weak magnetic vector (BWMV) sensor based on the joint sensing mechanism of magnetic particles and free radicals. It consists of a magnetic rod made of soft magnetic material and a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor array. A magnetic rod was used to simulate magnetic particles to convert magnetic field angle information into magnetic field intensity distribution information, and the TMR sensor array was used to simulate the perception of the magnetic field distribution by free radicals. In addition, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used for BWMV sensors to obtain the mapping relationship between the magnetic field distribution and parameters, which can be used for geomagnetic navigation. To verify the navigation effect of the BWMV sensor in the laboratory, a simulated geomagnetic navigation device was built, and the high-precision mapping relationship from geomagnetic parameters to latitude and longitude information of the selected navigation area was obtained through another ANN. Finally, the effectiveness of the BWMV sensor based on ANNs for geomagnetic navigation is verified using simulated navigation experiments.
Compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings with few-shot based on DCGAN-RepLKNet
Authors: Zhu Hongze , Fang Ting
Published: January 2024

To guarantee the security of personnel on-site, diagnosing the malfunction of mechanical apparatus is imperative. The accomplishments within the domain of fault diagnosis have been partly attributed to the advancements in deep learning technology, which excels in feature extraction through extensive datasets. However, it is difficult to collect sufficient data to train high-precision fault diagnosis models in practice. A novel method called deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN)-RepLKNet is proposed to address the challenge of gathering enough data to train high-precision fault diagnosis models in practice. This technique involves transforming a one-dimensional time series vibration signal into a two-dimensional (2D) time-frequency map via wavelet transform technology. Subsequently, DCGAN expands the 2D time–frequency map samples produced. Finally, RepLKNet is used to classify the fault samples. The proposed method has been verified in the PU compound fault data set and bearing real damage data set. The results show that the accuracy of this method has been improved by 5.70%, 6.34%, 9.08%, and 16.35% compared to 2D-CNN under different sizes datasets in case 1, and by 24.5% compared to 2D-CNN in case 2.
Online calibration method for SINS/LDV integrated navigation system based on left group error definition
Authors: Xiang Zhiyi , Wang Qi , Jin Shilong , Nie Xiaoming , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2024

The integration of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is a reliable technology for land vehicle positioning. To ensure the best positioning performance of the SINS/LDV integrated navigation system, it is necessary to calibrate it accurately. However, the accuracy of the error model of the traditional calibration method is seriously affected by the large misalignment angle, which in turn affects the accuracy and consistency of the filtering, and eventually leads to the decline of the calibration accuracy. Therefore, this paper introduces the Lie group theory for the first time into the calibration study of the SINS/LDV integrated navigation system. Based on the error state vector defined by the left group error definition in the Lie group, the three calibration models of the SINS/LDV integrated navigation system are derived in the Earth-centered Earth-fixed frame, using velocity, displacement increment, and dead reckoning (DR) position, which are the three common observation information. The most significant advantage of these calibration models is their ability to handle large initial misalignment angles. The calibration models proposed in this paper are comprehensively evaluated by two long-distance vehicle experiments. The test results show that under normal conditions (no large attitude misalignment angle and all sensors are working properly), the Lie group-based calibration methods have similar performance to the traditional calibration method, but they have significant advantages in the case of large initial attitude deviation. In addition, using displacement increment and DR position as observations improves calibration performance compared to velocity.
Low-temperature cluster spin glass transition in the single-domain NiCr2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Nashaat Ahmed M , Kassem Mohamed A , Abu El-Fadl Abdulaziz , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2024

NiCr2O4 nanoparticles with average particle size ∼15 nm, a single-domain size maintains the bulk canted antiferromagnetic ground state, were synthesized by a microwave combustion method. The magnetic behavior was carefully investigated by static and dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition to a spin-glass-like behavior below paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition at T
C, the NiCr2O4 nanoparticles demonstrate a low-temperature cluster spin glass transition below the spin canting transition T
S, which manifests itself as a magnetic anomaly peak around ∼12 K (at 100 Oe) in the zero-field cooled magnetization with a relatively stronger field dependence in a ‘de Almeida-Thouless’ line for spin glasses. The AC susceptibility analyses in different approaches demonstrate a larger relative peak temperature variation per frequency decade and a longer characteristic relaxation time in the order of 0.04 and 10−7 s, against 0.01 and 10−9 s for the high-temperature blocking, indicating the slow spin dynamics for the low-temperature cluster glassy phase. A field-temperature magnetic phase diagram is proposed for the single-domain NiCr2O4 nanoparticles.
PdSe2/MoSe2: a promising van der Waals heterostructure for field effect transistor application
Authors: Awasthi Chetan , Khan Afzal , Islam S S
Published: January 2024

The field-effect transistor (FET) is a fundamental component of semiconductors and the electronic industry. High on-current and mobility with layer-dependent features are required for outstanding FET channel material. Two-dimensional materials are advantageous over bulk materials owing to their higher mobility, high ON/OFF ratio, low tunneling current, and leakage problems. Moreover, two-dimensional heterostructures provide a better way to tune electrical properties. In this work, the two distinct possibilities of PdSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure have been employed through mechanical exfoliation and analyzed their electrical response. These diffe approaches to heterostructure formation serve as crucial components of our investigation, allowing us to explore and evaluate the unique electronic properties arising from each design. This work demonstrates that the heterostructure possesses a better ON/OFF ratio of ∼5.78 × 105, essential in switching characteristics. Moreover, MoSe2 provides a defect-free interface to PdSe2, resulting in a higher ON current of ∼10 μA and mobility of ∼63.7 cm2V−1s−1, necessary for transistor applications. In addition, comprehending the process of charge transfer occurring at the interface between transition metal dichalcogenides is fundamental for advancing next-generation technologies. This work provides insights into the interface formed between the PdSe2 and MoSe2 that can be harnessed in transistor applications.
Mini-GRID radiotherapy on the CLEAR very-high-energy electron beamline: collimator optimization, film dosimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Clements Nathan , Esplen Nolan , Bateman Joseph , Robertson Cameron , Dosanjh Manjit , Korysko Pierre , Farabolini Wilfrid , Corsini Roberto , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Objective. Spatially-fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) delivered with a very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beam and a mini-GRID collimator was investigated to achieve synergistic normal tissue-sparing through spatial fractionation and the FLASH effect. Approach. A tungsten mini-GRID collimator for delivering VHEE SFRT was optimized using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs), depths of convergence (DoCs, PVDR ≤ 1.1), and peak and valley doses in a water phantom from a simulated 150 MeV VHEE source were evaluated. Collimator thickness, hole width, and septal width were varied to determine an optimal value for each parameter that maximized PVDR and DoC. The optimized collimator (20 mm thick rectangular prism with a 15 mm × 15 mm face with a 7 × 7 array of 0.5 mm holes separated by 1.1 mm septa) was 3D-printed and used for VHEE irradiations with the CERN linear electron accelerator for research beam. Open beam and mini-GRID irradiations were performed at 140, 175, and 200 MeV and dose was recorded with radiochromic films in a water tank. PVDR, central-axis (CAX) and valley dose rates and DoCs were evaluated. Main results. Films demonstrated peak and valley dose rates on the order of 100 s of MGy/s, which could promote FLASH-sparing effects. Across the three energies, PVDRs of 2–4 at 13 mm depth and DoCs between 39 and 47 mm were achieved. Open beam and mini-GRID MC simulations were run to replicate the film results at 200 MeV. For the mini-GRID irradiations, the film CAX dose was on average 15% higher, the film valley dose was 28% higher, and the film PVDR was 15% lower than calculated by MC. Significance. Ultimately, the PVDRs and DoCs were determined to be too low for a significant potential for SFRT tissue-sparing effects to be present, particularly at depth. Further beam delivery optimization and investigations of new means of spatial fractionation are warranted.
Spatial Analysis of The Human Development Index in Indonesia Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Astari S , Chotib
Published: January 2024

In 2020 Indonesia’s HDI reached 71.94 or in a very high category, it is in 107th place out of 189. The HDI in every province in Indonesia shows varying numbers and has increased every year, but there has been a slowdown increase from 2019 to 2020, which caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the variables which affect HDI in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, it also to analyze Covid-19 pandemic affect HDI in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative method with descriptive analysis and inferential analysis by spatial regression using geoda software. The HDI before the Covid-19 pandemic is significantly affected by the percentage of poor residents and the university gross enrollment rate, while the during Covid-19 pandemic, HDI is also significantly affected by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and ratio of the number of hospital beds to 1.000 residents. Based on the spatial dependency test, it is known that there is a spatial dependency for HDI in Indoncovid-10esia during Covid-19 pandemic period. From these results, it is necessary to have a policy that is oriented to reducing poverty, increasing the scope of education services, improving macroeconomic conditions in a region and also ensure a sufficient number of hospital beds, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Spatial Pattern of Tourism Business District (TBD) In Bogor City
Authors: Annisa FN , Koestoer RH , Anggrahita H
Published: January 2024

Bogor city as a Central Business District (CBD) has many tourism potentials that are interesting enough for tourist visitation. To increase that tourism potential, it needs identification of distribution and the attractiveness of the Tourism Business District (TBD) in Bogor city. The purpose of this research is to identify the distribution, analyze the attractiveness, and then analyze the demeanor of society towards the impact of TBD area. The methods used in this research were combined between GIS application and Likert scale techniques. The sample used in this research as many 100 tourists and 100 local residents. The result of this research was conducted by spatial approach combined with the Likert scale and nearest neighbor analysis (T); this quantitative model would drive the analyses of TBD. From analysis there are four characteristics of TBD in Bogor city, there are TBD of shopping and culinary nuanced, TBD of government nuanced, TBD of historic nuanced, and TBD of cultural heritage nuanced. From the distribution result, the pattern of TBD in Bogor city used an analyzed by nearest-neighbor analysis, and it categorized as random pattern. The highest attractiveness level of TBD in Bogor City is an activity aspect, and the lowest attractiveness level of TBD is the attraction aspect. The existence of TBD was impact to physical environment and social environment. The physical aspect was resulted of fixed up and progressed in infrastructure, and it made many tourisms facility availability, and the other impact of social environment was caused many chances to get a job for residents, cause many tourism facilities were built.
Is There a Spatial Relation between COVID-19 Incidents and Unemployment? A Case of East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Amin Choirul , Wibowo Afif Ari , Danardono  , Mayangsari Nicken Ayu Andhika , Noermartanto Chintania Azahra Tantri
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak, although primarily considered a public health crisis, has significantly impacted the labor market. On account of the restrictions imposed, many companies have been forced to cease operations or reduce their activities. In addition to transitioning to remote work, employees often encounter temporary or permanent job loss. The primary objective of this investigation is to examine the spatial configuration exhibited by COVID-19 incidents and the spatial pattern of unemployment, as well as the spatial correlation of COVID-19 with unemployment in East Java Province. In this research, the analytical approach employed involves the utilization of Moran Index analysis. The study results show that the spatial pattern of COVID-19 incidents and the spatial pattern of unemployment in East Java Province are clustered, where districts with an increased number of COVID-19 incidents surround districts with a high number of COVID-19 incidents. Similar to this is the situation with unemployment, where high-unemployment areas surround low-unemployment areas. The results of the spatial relationship between COVID-19 incidents and unemployment show a positive value, which means there is a spatial correlation among the incidence of COVID-19 and unemployment in the districts of East Java Province. The government implements policies relating to lockdowns and similar measures to mitigate the spread and transmission of COVID-19. An effective strategy would involve targeting regions nearby where districts exhibiting a high prevalence of COVID-19 incidents coincide with districts characterized by a heightened concentration of unemployed individuals. Consequently, as the number of COVID-19 incidents diminishes, a corollary reduction in unemployment rates is anticipated, attributable to the resumption of economic activities facilitated by the reopening of businesses.
Diurnal Patterns of Surface Wind at Palabuhanratu, using ERA5 Global Reanalysis Data
Authors: Setyawan Fani , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini , Setiadi Hafid
Published: January 2024

Surface wind characteristics are one of the factors in the formation of weather in a place, such as coastal areas that are directly adjacent to the ocean. One of the areas located on the Southern coast of the Java island, is Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi. This study will provide an overview of the characteristics of the diurnal pattern of surface wind in the Palabuhanratu area in the form of bay. The data that will be used in this research is ERA5 global analysis data produced by The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Observation data. Observational data and ERA5, show different diurnal patterns in each season. This can be seen especially during the day, from 10 to 16 local time. The diurnal pattern of ERA5 also shows different things at the summer (JJA) and during the rainy season (DJF) in Palabuhanratu.
Motion characteristics of squirmers in linear shear flow
Authors: Guan Geng , Ying Yuxiang , Lin Jianzhong , Zhu Jue
Published: January 2024

In this study, the two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method was employed to simulate the motions and distributions of a circular squirmer in a linear shear flow. The objective was to systematically investigate the dynamics of microorganisms or engineered squirmers in a flowing environment. We conducted multiple simulations across a range of self-propelled strengths (0.08 ⩽ α ⩽ 0.8) and squirmer type parameters (−5 ⩽ β ⩽ 5). Initially, we analyzed the swimming motions of the neutral squirmer (β = 0) in the shear flow. Our analysis revealed two distinct distributions depending on α, i.e. near the bottom or the top plate, which differs from conventional particle behavior. Moreover, we observed that the separation point of these two distributions occurs at αc
= 0.41. The puller and pusher exhibit similarities and differences, with both showing a periodic oscillation pattern. Additionally, both types reach a steady inclined pattern near the plate, with the distinction that the low-pressure region of the puller’s head is captured by the plate, whereas the pusher is captured by the low-pressure region on the side of the body. The limit cycle pattern (LCP) is unique to the pusher because the response of the pressure distribution around the pusher to the flow field is different from that of a puller. The pusher starts from the initial motion and asymptotes to a closed limit cycle under the influence of flow-solid interaction. The frequency St of LCP is inversely proportional to the amplitude h
* because the pusher takes longer to complete a larger limit cycle. Finally, an open limit cycle is shown, representing a swimming pattern that crosses the width of the channel.
Automated prediction of diabetes mellitus using infrared thermal foot images: recurrent neural network approach
Authors: Gulshan  , Arora Ajat Shatru
Published: January 2024

Millions of people worldwide are affected by Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which is a chronic disease. Evaluation of the DM indicator, namely blood glucose level, requires invasive methods such as glucometer or blood tests, which cause discomfort to the patient. Automated noninvasive monitoring methods are urgently needed to ensure consistency and better treatment. The regular monitoring of DM can prevent or delay the onset of complications. Thermal foot images have been proposed as noninvasive methods for the prediction of DM. Thermograms were acquired at Mittal Eye Hospital, Sangrur, India, from 50 participants in the diabetic (without neuropathic conditions) and non-diabetic groups using a thermal camera (FLIR E-60). This study proposes an automated prediction system for DM using thermal foot images and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) approach. The proposed system processes the thermal images and extracts relevant features using a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). The extracted features were then fed to the RNN to predict the presence or absence of the DM. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework attains an accuracy of (97.14 ± 1.5)%, surpassing the predictive capabilities of light-weight convolutional neural network (Lw-CNN), which only achieves an accuracy of (82.9 ± 3) % in predicting DM. This performance outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in the field. Our approach has the potential to be used as prediction tool for DM. Therefore, the proposed system has the potential for prediction of DM and improve patient outcomes by enabling timely intervention. Future work should focus on evaluating the proposed system on a larger dataset and integrating it with clinical decision support systems for personalized care. This study holds the promise of transforming DM screening and diagnosis, leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
Tailoring dielectric permittivity of epitaxial Gd-doped CeO2−x
films by ionic defects
Authors: Palliotto A , Wu Y , Rata A D , Herklotz A , Zhou S , Dörr K , Muralt P , Park D-S
Published: January 2024

Engineering materials with highly tunable physical properties in response to external stimuli is a cornerstone strategy for advancing energy technology. Among various approaches, engineering ionic defects and understanding their roles are essential in tailoring emergent material properties and functionalities. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach for creating and controlling ionic defects (oxygen vacancies) in epitaxial Gd-doped CeO2−x
(CGO)(001) films grown on Nb:SrTiO3(001) single crystal. Our results exhibit a significant limitation in the formation of excess oxygen vacancies in the films during high-temperature film growth. However, we have discovered that managing the oxygen vacancies in the epitaxial CGO(001) films is feasible using a two-step film growth process. Subsequently, our findings show that manipulating excess oxygen vacancies is a key to the emergence of giant apparent dielectric permittivity (e.g.

ε
′

≈

106) in the epitaxial films under electrical field control. Overall, the strategy of tuning functional ionic defects in CGO and similar oxides is beneficial for various applications such as electromechanical, sensing, and energy storage applications.
Influence of thermal annealing on microstructure, energetic landscape and device performance of P3HT:PCBM-based organic solar cells
Authors: Alam Shahidul , Petoukhoff Christopher E , Jurado José P , Aldosari Haya , Jiang Xinyu , Váry Tomáš , Nasser Hamza Al , Dahman Amr , Althobaiti Wejdan , Lopez Sandra P Gonzalez , Alsufyani Wejdan , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Nádaždy Vojtech , Hoppe Harald , Laquai Frédéric
Published: January 2024

Thermal annealing alters the morphology of organic donor-acceptor bulk-heterojunction thin films used in organic solar cells. Here, we studied the influence of thermal annealing on blends of amorphous regio-random (RRa) and semi-crystalline regio-regular (RR) poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester. Since the P3HT:PCBM blend is one of the most studied in the OPV community, the existing research provides a solid foundation for us to compare and benchmark our innovative characterization techniques that have been previously under-utilized to investigate bulk heterojunction organic thin films. Here, we combine advanced novel microscopies and spectroscopies, including polarized light microscopy, photo-deflection spectroscopy, hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging, and energy resolved-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with structural characterization techniques, including grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering, grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, in order to reveal the impact of thermal annealing on the microstructural crystallinity and morphology of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells. Coupled transfer matrix and drift-diffusion simulations were used to study the impact of the density of states on the solar cells’ device performance parameters, namely the short-circuit current (J
SC), open circuit voltage (V
OC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Investigation of effect of thickness in micro drilling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using tungsten copper electrode
Authors: Sawant Sachin N , Patil Sachin K
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of various machining conditions on the response variables, namely Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Material Removal Rate (MRR), and Hole Taper (HT), during rotary micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (μ-EDM) of Ti-6Al-4V plates with thicknesses of 0.5 mm (W1), 1 mm (W2), and 1.5 mm (W3). Implementing effective flushing techniques and consistent maintenance of machining conditions improved μ-EDM performance, particularly for high aspect ratios. Using a Taguchi-based L9 orthogonal array, experiments were designed and analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that capacitance and electrode rotation speed (ERS) significantly contributed to MRR, with capacitance playing a more substantial role. Specifically, for the W3 workpiece, capacitance demonstrated a remarkable MRR of 0.01894 mm3 min−1, 51.12% and 63.10% greater than W1 and W2, respectively. Conversely, W1 exhibited the lowest TWR of 0.000193 mm3 min−1, 50.61% and 67.24% lower than W2 and W3. W1 also improved accuracy by significantly reducing HT compared to W2 and W3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis explored the effects of voltage, capacitance, ERS, and workpiece thickness on micro-hole surfaces. SEM images revealed the presence of debris and burrs contributing to inaccuracies in micro-hole formation. Despite the challenges, the study emphasizes the importance of optimizing machining parameters for enhanced μ-EDM performance in challenging materials.
Feasibility of Remote Administration of the Uniform Data Set-Version 3 for Assessment of Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sachs Bonnie C , Latham Lauren A , Bateman James R , Cleveland Mary Jo , Espeland Mark A , Fischer Eric , Gaussoin Sarah A , Leng Iris , Rapp Stephen R , Rogers Samantha , Shappell Heather M , Williams Benjamin J , Yang Mia , Craft Suzanne
Published: January 2024

Objective

Assess the feasibility and concurrent validity of a modified Uniform Data Set version 3 (UDSv3) for remote administration for individuals with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and early dementia.

Method

Participants (N = 93) (age: 72.8 [8.9] years; education: 15.6 [2.5] years; 72% female; 84% White) were enrolled from the Wake Forest ADRC. Portions of the UDSv3 cognitive battery, plus the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, were completed by telephone or video within ~6 months of participant’s in-person visit. Adaptations for phone administration (e.g., Oral Trails for Trail Making Test [TMT] and Blind Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] for MoCA) were made. Participants reported on the pleasantness, difficulty, and preference for each modality. Staff provided validity ratings for assessments. Participants’ remote data were adjudicated by cognitive experts blinded to the in person-diagnosis (NC [N = 44], MCI [N = 35], Dementia [N = 11], or other [N = 3]).

Results

Remote assessments were rated as pleasant as in-person assessments by 74% of participants and equally difficult by 75%. Staff validity rating (video = 92%; phone = 87.5%) was good. Concordance between remote/in-person scores was generally moderate to good (r = .3 −.8; p < .05) except for TMT-A/OTMT-A (r = .3; p > .05). Agreement between remote/in-person adjudicated cognitive status was good (k = .61–.64).

Conclusions

We found preliminary evidence that older adults, including those with cognitive impairment, can be assessed remotely using a modified UDSv3 research battery. Adjudication of cognitive status that relies on remotely collected data is comparable to classifications using in-person assessments.
Sports clubs’ role in community capacity development—illustrations from the Swedish sports movement
Authors: Blomqvist Mickelsson Tony
Published: January 2024

Strong political neoliberal currents in Sweden are directing attention toward communities’ responsibility to address local issues, particularly in disadvantaged areas. In parallel, community sports clubs in Sweden have gained strong traction as being sites where social issues can be addressed. In Swedish disadvantaged areas, where infrastructure is of poor quality, these clubs can be an important addition to statutory interventions, but they need to be further explored in terms of strategic pathways and conditions. Community sports have only recently been conceptualized with Chaskin’s capacity-building concept. In this paper, I seek to further stimulate this line of inquiry. By using material from two interrelated projects with informants in the sports movement, I show how sports clubs use multiple strategies according to three of Chaskin’s proposed strategies: leadership development, organizational development, and inter-organizational collaboration. By outlining an empirically dense illustration, this paper contributes to the research on sports clubs and their role in the community and provides suggestions on how strategical assessments must include how associations develop strategies online.
The cellular zeta potential: cell electrophysiology beyond the membrane
Authors: Hughes Michael Pycraft
Published: January 2024

The standard model of the cell membrane potential Vm describes it as arising from diffusion currents across a membrane with a constant electric field, with zero electric field outside the cell membrane. However, the influence of Vm has been shown to extend into the extracellular space where it alters the cell’s ζ-potential, the electrical potential measured a few nm from the cell surface which defines how the cell interacts with charged entities in its environment, including ions, molecules, and other cells. The paradigm arising from surface science is that the ζ-potential arises only from fixed membrane surface charge, and has consequently received little interest. However, if the ζ-potential can mechanistically and dynamically change by alteration of Vm, it allows the cell to dynamically alter cell–cell and cell-molecule interactions and may explain previously unexplained electrophysiological behaviours. Whilst the two potentials Vm and ζ are rarely reported together, they are occasionally described in different studies for the same cell type. By considering published data on these parameters across multiple cell types, as well as incidences of unexplained but seemingly functional Vm changes correlating with changes in cell behaviour, evidence is presented that this may play a functional role in the physiology of red blood cells, macrophages, platelets, sperm, ova, bacteria and cancer. Understanding how these properties will improve understanding of the role of electrical potentials and charges in the regulation of cell function and in the way in which cells interact with their environment.

Insight  The zeta (ζ) potential is the electrical potential a few nm beyond the surface of any suspensoid in water. Whilst typically assumed to arise only from fixed charges on the cell surface, recent and historical evidence shows a strong link to the cell’s membrane potential Vm, which the cell can alter mechanistically through the use of ion channels. Whilst these two potentials have rarely been studied simultaneously, this review collates data across multiple studies reporting Vm, ζ-potential, electrical properties of changes in cell behaviour. Collectively, this points to Vm-mediated ζ-potential playing a significant role in the physiology and activity of blood cells, immune response, developmental biology and egg fertilization, and cancer among others.