bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leonurine alleviates ferroptosis in cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway
Authors: Hu Jianqiang , Gu Wenjing , Ma Ning , Fan Xiaoye , Ci Xinxin
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays a key role in acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. The Nrf2/NRF2 pathway regulates oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and positively regulates cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury, but its effect along with the alkaloid leonurine, found in motherwort, on ferroptosis after such acute kidney injury remains unclear.

Experimental Approach

The anti‐ferroptotic effects of Nrf2 and leonurine were assessed in a mouse model of cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury. In vitro, the effects of leonurine on erastin‐ and RSL3‐induced HK‐2 human PTEC ferroptosis were examined.

Key Results

Nrf2 deletion induced ferroptosis‐related protein expression and iron accumulation in vivo, aggravating cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury. Leonurine activated Nrf2 and prevented iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in vitro, being abolished in siNrf2‐treated cells. Moreover, leonurine potently inhibited cisplatin‐induced renal damage, as assessed by of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule‐1 and NGAL. Importantly, leonurine activated the Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and preventing changes in ferroptosis‐related morphological and biochemical indicators, malondialdehyde level, SOD and GSH depletion, and GPX4 and xCT down‐regulation, in cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury. Nrf2 KO mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis after cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury than control mice. The protective effects of leonurine on acute kidney injury and ferroptosis were largely abolished in Nrf2 KO mice.

Conclusion and Implications

These data suggest that renal protective effects of Nrf2 activation on cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury are achieved, at least partially, by inhibiting lipid peroxide‐mediated ferroptosis, highlighting the potential of leonurine in acute kidney injury treatment.
Design‐manufacturing coordination: Proximity, integration and beyond, towards omnishoring
Authors: Abecassis‐Moedas Céline , Moatti Valérie
Published: March 2022

Recent research argues that when innovation is embedded in the manufacturing process, design and manufacturing need to be integrated and geographically close to secure current and future innovation. However, process‐embedded innovative industries such as fashion (Pisano & Shih, 2012) have massively outsourced and/or offshored for decades. Our research aims to understand how innovative firms in the fashion industry manage design‐manufacturing coordination in terms of proximity and integration. Examining 18 European fashion firms, our work uses an abductive approach to understand how firms manage their design‐manufacturing coordination and specifically the role played by proximity and integration in such coordination. The analysis reveals that there is a range of coordination modes that go beyond geographical proximity and vertical integration. We also argue that proximity and integration are complex notions and not independent options. Finally, we demonstrate the concept ofomnishoring, as coordination strategies are often managed simultaneously and complement each other.
Factors associated with the early emergence of atypical feeding behaviours in infants and young children: A scoping review
Authors: Mudholkar Asmita , Korostenski Larissa , Blackwell Dianne , Lane Alison E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Atypical feeding behaviours such as significantly limited food preferences, hypersensitivity to food textures or temperatures and pocketing food without swallowing are common concerns in child health. Current reports indicate an inter‐relationship between early growth, feeding problems and developmental disorders, yet little is known about how these behaviours develop in early childhood. There is also a lack of consensus about clinical definitions for atypical feeding behaviours, diagnostic thresholds and the associated precursors. To date, there has been no synthesis of the extant literature about factors associated with the early onset of atypical feeding behaviours in young children.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to characterize the factors associated with the early emergence of atypical feeding behaviours in typically developing young children.

Methods

CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched. Studies published in the last 5 years were included if they examined factors associated with the development of atypical eating behaviours in infants and young children. Of the 2137 records obtained after the search strategy was applied, 202 full‐text articles were retrieved for a more detailed examination and to ensure they met the inclusion criteria. This resulted in 54 studies being included in this scoping review.

Results

Of the 54 studies, three studies analysed precursors responsible for atypical feeding behaviours, and 51 studies discussed the factors associated with the early emergence of feeding difficulties. Multiple factors, including genetic factors, breastfeeding, late introduction of solids and lumpy foods, complementary feeding techniques, parental mental health, prematurity and child factors including temperament, were identified. There is inconsistent evidence for the associations between breastfeeding exposure and feeding difficulties.

Conclusions

This study identified multiple factors potentially associated with the early onset of atypical feeding behaviours in young children; however, there is insufficient evidence at this time to support specific recommendations for early feeding practices in young children. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to extend these findings.
Re‐defining and tackling the emerging challenges in stem cell research and translation: A report of the 10th CSSCR annual meeting
Authors: Cao Jingyi , Hu Baoyang , Ji Weizhi
Published: March 2022

The 10th congress of the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research was held from 11 to 13 October 2020 at Guiyang International Eco‐Conference Center in Guizhou (Southwest China) with 700 offline participants (and 500 online participants). With a theme adopted from a poem by Mao Zedong during the long march, ‘However difficult it might appear; the challenges will be overcome’, the congress provided opportunities for the fast‐growing field to exchange ideas among people from academia, industry and regulatory authorities, to help accelerate translation. Eight plenary lectures and six concurrent sessions on cell fate decision, stem cell metabolism, neural stem cells and neural regeneration, organoids and disease models, tissue and organ regeneration and clinical translation of stem cell research were covered, including 77 oral presentations and 75 poster presentations. The congress also included special programmes of a youth forum, a lecture award programme, a flagship journal forum and a dedicated networking session. This 3‐day event will significantly boost the stem cell research in an era closing to application.
Habitat Conservation Plans provide limited insight into the cost of complying with the Endangered Species Act
Authors: Surrey Katie C. , Iacona Gwenllian , Madsen Becca , Newman Christian , Gerber Leah R.
Published: March 2022

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates protection for listed species, prohibiting intentionally adverse “take” by both public and private activities. The requirements can be perceived as a costly regulatory burden, although minimal understanding of the costs of compliance actions may exacerbate the perceived burden. This has potential consequences for ESA effectiveness and species recovery. We developed a framework to identify when compliance costs could be incurred in a project and then analyzed projected cost data from published Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) using this framework. We found that across HCPs, the projected costs reported were incomplete and difficult to interpret with inconsistent reporting across documents. Within the 43 HCPs that had utilizable cost data, the majority of projected costs (77%–97%) were incurred by implementation of ESA compliance activities. Of these, 46% of expected implementation costs were for monitoring efforts for project‐scale HCPs, while 81% of implementation costs for large‐scale projects were for compensatory mitigation actions. Our results provide a first attempt at analyzing the cost of ESA compliance actions using HCPs. However, we found that costs reported in HCPs tended to be opaque and incomplete, underscoring the need for standardization of cost reporting to better support understanding of ESA compliance costs.
Polarization, antipathy, and political activism
Authors: Wu Jiabin , Zhang Hanzhe
Published: March 2022

We present an evolutionary game theory model in which polarization, antipathy, and political activism are simultaneous consequences of the evolution of individuals' ideologies and their attitudes toward other ideologies. We show that the evolutionary process is likely to result in a vicious path with individuals becoming increasingly extreme and polarized on the ideological spectrum and the society ending up with two politically engaged groups sharing no common grounds and strong hatred against each other.
Quantification of neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation by data mining and numerical optimization
Authors: Attili Sarojini M. , Moradi Keivan , Wheeler Diek W. , Ascoli Giorgio A.
Published: March 2022

Quantifying the population sizes of distinct neuron types in different anatomical regions is an essential step towards establishing a brain cell census. Although estimates exist for the total neuronal populations in different species, the number and definition of each specific neuron type are still intensively investigated. Hippocampome.org is an open‐source knowledge base with morphological, physiological and molecular information for 122 neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation. While such framework identifies all known neuron types in this system, their relative abundances remain largely unknown. This work quantitatively estimates the counts of all Hippocampome.org neuron types by literature mining and numerical optimization. We report the number of neurons in each type identified by main neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) and axonal‐dendritic patterns throughout 26 subregions and layers of the dentate gyrus, Ammon's horn, subiculum and entorhinal cortex. We produce by sensitivity analysis reliable numerical ranges for each type and summarize the amounts across broad neuronal families defined by biomarkers expression and firing dynamics. Study of density distributions indicates that the number of dendritic‐targeting interneurons, but not of other neuronal classes, is independent of anatomical volumes. All extracted values, experimental evidence and related software code are released on Hippocampome.org.
Schiff‐Sherrington syndromein a 7‐year‐old zebra mare (Equus quagga)
Authors: Frers Florian , Hellige Maren , Franke Sandra , Puff Christina , Delling Uta , Feige Karsten
Published: March 2022

A 7‐year‐old plains zebra(Equus quagga)mare was presented to the Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany as an emergency. The owner reported that the mare was unable to stand after a suspected traumatic episode at the home yard. The mare was transported in lateral recumbency in a trailer. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia (up to 102 beats/min), tachypnoea (28 breaths/min), mild fever (38.7°C) and clinical dehydration with elastic skin and dry and red mucous membranes. Neurological examination showed paraplegia with complete loss of nociception of the mid‐thoracic region and caudal to it. In contrast, examination of the thoracic limbs revealed marked extensor rigidity and hyperaesthesia resulting in an enhanced acute response to minimal touch of the neck and shoulder region. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic vertebral column led to the diagnosis of a complete fracture of the vertebral body of the 7th thoracic (T) vertebra with suspected traumatic compression of the spinal cord. Post‐mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis. Gross pathology revealed a complete comminuted fracture of T7 with marked compression of the spinal cord. This is the first report describing the clinical, radiological and pathological findings of a fracture of a thoracic vertebra leading to aSchiff‐Sherrington syndromein a zebra(Equus quagga).
Nutritional quality evaluation and proteome profile of forage species of Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Joshi Robin , Kumar Raman , Srivatsan Vidyashankar , Satyakam  , Chawla Amit , Patial Vikram , Kumar Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Naturally occurring forage species in the high‐altitude pasturelands of Western Himalaya are traditionally being utilized for feeding of livestock. However, the nutritional quality evaluation and validation of their potential as feed for livestock needs to be undertaken. Here, we evaluated proximate compositions, minerals and amino acids (AAs) of five high‐altitude forage species, namely, Festuca kashmiriana L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L., Medicago falcate L. and Melilotus indica L. The results revealed that proximate compositions, mineral and AAs varied significantly among the forage species. The carbohydrate, crude protein, moisture content, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, total phenol, oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity were found in the range of 17.44–37.27 mg/100 mg, 3.34–14.71 mg/100 mg, 88.73%–90.72%, 0.98–2.32 mg/100 mg, 11.16–24.16%, 7.71–34.49%, 292.50–488.12 μg/100 mg, 3.91–4.67 g/g and 2.64–3.41 g/g, respectively. Elemental composition showed that calcium was the predominant element among the minerals (13.91–132.05 mg/kg DM) followed by magnesium (4.60–12.92 mg/kg DM), iron (2.04–76.13 mg/kg DM) and zinc (1.07–2.17 mg/kg DM). Furthermore, we found that these high‐altitude forage species are rich in essential AAs like histidine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and to some extent isoleucine and tyrosine. In addition, these five species showed distinct proteomes but shared a similar functional group. The proteome profiling of these forage species will help to understand the molecular basis of nutritional enrichment and stress tolerance potential against harsh environmental conditions of high altitudes. Overall, we conclude that traditionally used high‐altitude forage species are nutritionally rich and can be recommended as part of the daily nutritive feed for livestock animals.
Curved lattices of crystals formed in glass
Authors: Musterman Evan J. , Dierolf Volkmar , Jain Himanshu
Published: March 2022

Atomic arrangements systemically deviating from the classic definition of single crystal lattice have been known in spherulites for over a century. However, their unusual curved lattice could not be exploited for useful applications due to their uncontrolled orientations and lattice curvatures. Heating of glass with focused laser, electron, or X‐ray beam has yielded well‐defined conditions for forming single crystal architectures. Furthermore, by controlling the conditions of irradiation and confinement by glass matrix for a given system, desired lattice curvature (rotations and twists) can be reproducibly introduced into these crystals. Here, we review several examples of laser‐fabricated crystals with curved lattices in glass using a common coordinate system, which helps to establish correlations between processing parameters and lattice curvature. The mechanisms of lattice deformations are discussed along with potential methods to control the orientation of the initially formed seeds that determine the lattice orientations of the end product. The recent developments of laser‐fabrication of single crystal architectures in glass with controlled heating profile appear promising for engineering the curvature of their lattices.
Why do consumers prefer a hometown geographical indication brand? Exploring the role of consumer identification with the brand and psychological ownership
Authors: Zhang Gangren , Wang Cheng Lu , Liu Jiaojiao , Zhou Liying
Published: March 2022

This research investigates the consumer purchase intention of products with geographic indications (GIs) based on a sample of 351 valid responses in three representative regions that are well known for their GIs of navel orange brands. Drawing on theories of consumer‐brand relationship, social identity or consumer identification with the brand, and psychological ownership, our empirical results support our research hypotheses. Specifically, it is found that consumers tend to have a higher purchase intention for hometown GI brands than for non‐hometown GI brands. Meanwhile, the impact of brand origin, that is, hometown versus non‐hometown GI brand, on consumer purchase intention of GI products is found to be mediated by consumer identification with the GI brands. In addition, psychological ownership moderates the impact of hometown GI brands on purchase intention in that high psychological ownership enhances the impact of brand origin on purchase intention, whereas low psychological ownership negates this effect. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are provided.
Characteristics and trends in global olive oil research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Shao Jin , Huang Xinyi , Liu Jianfei , Di Duolong
Published: March 2022

Advances in olive oil research have blossomed in recent years, and articles on olive oil have been widely recorded. However, a comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analysis of olive oil research has not been completed. Through a systematic literature search, we consolidated 7003 papers from the Web of Science Core Collection database. This bibliometric analysis was carried out to examine the article growth, geographical distribution, and analysis of journals/research areas/authors/keywords. The results revealed the following: (1) Exponential growth was shown in the annual number of publications (R2 = 0.9791). The geographical distribution is biased to a few countries, especially Spain, Italy, and Greece in the Mediterranean region, placing a larger focus on olive oil research. (2) Quality analysis‐related research acted as a link between keyword groups, the disease prevention and treatment‐related research of olive oil received decreasing interest, while authentication and quality analysis‐related research of olive oil showed the opposite trend, by‐products‐related research of olive oil got waving interests over the whole period. (3) Improvement is needed in the degree of olive oil with international collaboration. This is the first time that hotspots and trends in olive oil research have been shown.
Cost‐effectiveness of scaling up a whole‐of‐community intervention: The Romp & Chomp early childhood obesity prevention intervention
Authors: Tran Huong Ngoc Quynh , Killedar Anagha , Tan Eng Joo , Moodie Marj , Hayes Alison , Swinburn Boyd , Nichols Melanie , Brown Vicki
Published: March 2022

Background

Given the high prevalence of early childhood overweight and obesity, more evidence is required to better understand the cost‐effectiveness of community‐wide interventions targeting obesity prevention in children aged 0–5 years.

Objectives

To assess the cost‐effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp community‐wide early childhood obesity prevention intervention if delivered across Australia in 2018 from a funder perspective, against a no‐intervention comparator.

Methods

Intervention costs were estimated in 2018 Australian dollars. The annual Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood micro‐simulation model estimated body mass index (BMI) trajectories to age 15 years, based on end of trial data at age 3.5 years. Results from modelled cost‐effectiveness analyses were presented as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs): cost per BMI unit avoided, and cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained at age 15 years.

Results

All Australian children aged 0–5 years (n = 1 906 075) would receive the intervention. Total estimated intervention cost and annual cost per participant were AUD178 million and AUD93, respectively, if implemented nationally. The ICERs were AUD1 126 per BMI unit avoided and AUD26 399 per QALY gained (64% probability of being cost‐effective measured against a AUD50 000 per QALY threshold).

Conclusions

Romp & Chomp has a fair probability of being cost‐effective if delivered at scale.
Critical Ressourcement and Evaluative Correction in Trinitarian Theology: A Case Study on Richard of St Victor’s De Trinitate
Authors: Bray Dennis
Published: March 2022

I begin this article by suggesting that the current phase of trinitarian theology is characterized by an impetus to evaluate and correct work done in earlier phases. One evaluative‐corrective voice is that of Stephen Holmes, who critiques recent trinitarian ressourcement and advocates a return to more traditional conceptions. I suggest that Richard of St Victor can serve as an excellent model of traditional trinitarian theologizing. To do so, however, some recent mischaracterizations of Richard must first be corrected. Toward this end, I identify several points of disagreement with Holmes’ reading of Richard. I explicate those points of disagreement and argue for what I take to be the correct understanding. I conclude by briefly reflecting on how Richard’s project can serve the current phase of trinitarian theology.
On the Present Possibility of Sola Scriptura
Authors: Ziegler Philip G.
Published: March 2022

The historic Protestant wager that Christian theology is funded and governed sola scriptura sui ipsius interpres commits Protestant exegesis and theology to a particular hermeneutical programme. But is this programme viable? I argue that it is, and that it should be undertaken today by practising the theological interpretation of Scripture as a particular kind of Sachkritik: one that seeks the evangelical scopus scripturae in and across the variegated contours of the whole of the canon of Scripture, acknowledging both that it is all ‘letter’ and that precisely as ‘letter’ it is also the elected site of the adventitious self‐disclosure of Word and Spirit.
Differences in microbiome composition and transcriptome profiles between male and female Paederus fuscipes harbouring pederin‐producing bacteria
Authors: Song Xuhao , Yang Tingbang , Zhou Chuang , Luo Songkui , Dong Meixiu , Yan Xianghui , Lv Weixiang , Zheng Fake , Zhou Caiquan , Wei Yi
Published: March 2022

Pederin, a group of antitumor compounds, is produced by an endosymbiotic bacterium of Paederus fuscipes. Pederin content differed between male and female P. fuscipes, but the reason why these differences are maintained remains unexplored. Here, the pederin‐producing bacteria (PPB) infection rate in P. fuscipes was investigated. Furthermore, we assessed the microbiota structure differences in male and female P. fuscipes harbouring PPB and sequenced the transcriptome of both sexes to shed light on genes of interest. Of the 625 analysed beetles (275 females, 350 males), 96.36% of females and 31.14% of males were positive for PPB infection. PPB accounted for 54.36%–82.70% of the bacterial population in females but showed a much lower abundance in males (0.92%–3.87%). Reproductive organs possessed the highest PPB abundance compared with other parts of females, but no such relationships existed in males. Moreover, we provide the first transcriptome analysis of male and female P. fuscipes harbouring PPB and identified 8893 differentially expressed unigenes. Our results indicated that the pederin content difference between males and females might be caused by the PPB density difference in hosts. The biosequence data would be helpful for illustrating the mechanism that regulates PPB density in P. fuscipes.
Study on the impact of COVID‐19 on the purchase and mental behaviour of Indian consumers during lockdown
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K. , Bhanot Sandeep
Published: March 2022

This study surveys the mental behaviour and purchase behaviour of Indian consumers, especially their online purchase behaviour, during a lockdown. Also, it studies their perceptions of job security during a lockdown. Primary data were collected using judgement sampling, and the sample size was 328. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and income affect online purchases in the present study. An increase in the purchase of essentials and hygiene products during COVID‐19 has been observed due to a change in mental behaviour. Government have imposed total lock down and prevented people to come out from their houses which resulted in to uncomfortable position. The theory of fear (Ruiter, et. al., 2001) has been applied to explain the purchase behaviour during COVID‐19 in emerging markets like India.
Mixed Methods Study Integration: Nursing student experiences and opinions of intentional rounding
Authors: Ryan Liz , Jackson Debra , East Leah , Woods Cindy , Usher Kim
Published: March 2022

Aims

To explore pre‐registration nursing students' understandings and experience of intentional rounding in education and clinical sectors. Intentional rounding is a patient safety intervention used in clinical settings to regularly check and document patients' welfare and environment throughout the course of a shift.

Design

An explanatory sequential mixed methods design using convenience sampling was used for this study, with an underlying pragmatic paradigm. Integration occurred in the design, methods, implementation and reporting phases of the study.

Methods

Data were collected between August 2017 and August 2018 using a previously validated Nursing Perceptions of Patient Rounding quantitative online survey followed by individual qualitative interviews using the same cohort.

Results

Using the Pillar Integration Process, this paper displays and discusses the final results. The integration and mixing throughout the study generated insights into the perceived benefits of intentional rounding for nursing students and patients but also indicated a theory–practice gap that affects nursing students’ confidence in undertaking this intervention.

Conclusion

Students find this patient safety intervention helpful, but further clarity in the education surrounding it is required.

Impact

This study addresses pre‐registration nursing students’ understanding and perceptions of intentional rounding. Intentional rounding benefits nursing students as a patient safety strategy and organization tool. Educational opportunities around the topic could be enhanced, reducing the ongoing theory–practice gap. Clinicians, academics and educators who support pre‐registration nursing students in clinical and tertiary education settings can benefit from this work.
The impact of transformational leadership on nurse faculty satisfaction and burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A moderated mediated analysis
Authors: Boamah Sheila A.
Published: March 2022

Aims

To examine the effects of nursing deans/directors' transformational leadership behaviours on academic workplace culture, faculty burnout and job satisfaction.

Background

Transformational leadership is an imperative antecedent to organizational change, and employee well‐being and performance. However, little has been espoused regarding the theoretical and empirical mechanisms by which transformational leaders improve the academic workplace culture and faculty retention.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design was implemented.

Methods

Nursing faculty employed in Canadian academic settings were invited to complete an anonymous online survey in May–July 2021. A total of 645 useable surveys were included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics and reliability estimates were performed. The moderated mediation model was tested using structural equation modelling in the Analysis of Moment software v24.0. Bootstrap method was used to estimate total, direct and indirect effects.

Result

The proposed study model was supported. Transformational leadership had both a strong direct effect on workplace culture and job satisfaction and an inverse direct effect on faculty burnout. While workplace culture mediated the effect of leadership on job satisfaction and burnout, the moderation effect of COVID‐19 was not captured in the baseline model.

Conclusion

The findings provide an in‐depth understanding of the factors that affect nursing faculty wellness, and evidence that supportive workplace culture can serve as an adaptive mechanism through which transformational leaders can improve retention. A transformational dean/director can proactively shape the nature of the academic work environment to mitigate the risks of burnout and improve satisfaction and ultimately faculty retention even during an unforeseen event, such as a pandemic.

Implication

Given the range of uncertainties associated with COVID‐19, administrators should consider practicing transformational leadership behaviours as it is most likely to be effective, especially in times of uncertainty and chaos. In doing so, academic leaders can work towards equitable policies, plans and decisions and rebuild resources to address the immediate and long‐term psychological and overall health impacts of COVID‐19.
A large cross‐sectional survey of COVID‐19 vaccination willingness amongst healthcare students and professionals: Reveals generational patterns
Authors: Tomietto Marco , Simonetti Valentina , Comparcini Dania , Stefanizzi Pasquale , Cicolini Giancarlo
Published: March 2022

Aims

To determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination hesitancy in healthcare professionals and healthcare students in Italy across four generations (baby boomers, generations X, Y and Z).

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was performed through an online survey conducted from May to June 2021. The STROBE guidelines were adopted for reporting.

Methods

Data were collected by initially sending a survey link to a convenience sample of healthcare professionals and students, which was followed by snowball sampling. The VAX scale was validated and adopted. An ANOVA was performed to detect differences in vaccine‐hesitancy beliefs between the four generational groups.

Results

The survey was completed by 1226 healthcare professionals and students. Worries about unforeseen future effects accounted for the higher vaccination hesitancy factor across generations. More positive attitudes towards COVID‐19 vaccination were expressed by members of generation Z than by members of generation Y and baby boomers. Members of generation X had the highest vaccination hesitancy scores in the overall scale.

Conclusion

The results suggest that public health campaigns should take into account the generational differences in COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy to achieve higher levels of vaccine acceptance, including amongst healthcare professionals and students.

Impact

Vaccination is the most effective strategy to tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic. The advice of health professionals strongly influences vaccination willingness in the general population. A consideration of the generational patterns in the COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy of healthcare workers and students may increase vaccination uptake in these populations, which in turn may lead to greater public acceptance of the vaccine.
Obstructive sleep apnea, prediabetes and progression of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Cong , Tan Jin , Miao Yuyang , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2022

Aims/Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to prediabetes and diabetes. Whether patients with OSA have a higher risk of prediabetes/diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to carry out a meta‐analysis of published studies to evaluate the relationships between OSA and prediabetes and diabetes, and the impact of the severity of OSA on diabetes.

Materials and Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2011 to July 2021. The associations between OSA and impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and diabetes mellitus were analyzed. We estimated the pooled odds ratios using fixed or random effects models. We included 25 studies comprising a total of 154,948 patients with OSA and risk factors for prediabetes/diabetes (20 and 16, respectively) in the analysis.

Results

OSA was associated with a higher risk of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and diabetes mellitus in the cohort studies and cross‐sectional studies. The pooled odds ratios were 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–4.72), 1.58 (95% CI 1.15–2.15), 1.65 (95% CI 1.12–2.42), 2.15 (95% CI 1.68–2.75) and 3.62 (95% CI 2.75–4.75), respectively. Subgroup analyses were based on the proportions of men and women. The results showed that OSA was a risk factor, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The risk of diabetes increased with the severity of OSA.

Conclusions

The risk of developing prediabetes and diabetes was higher in patients with OSA.
The flat and step (F and S) pontics. Novel pontic designs for periodontally reconstructed sites
Authors: Gomez‐Meda Ramon , Esquivel Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Objective

Fixed dental prostheses are a predictable treatment option to replace missing teeth. A periodontal‐prosthodontic approach to rehabilitating those areas ensures a predictable way to achieve the desired esthetic and functional results. This is especially important in cases with high esthetic demand. An ideal esthetic result can be achieved by soft tissue overcorrection through periodontal procedures, which reduce the number of conditioning appointments of the pontic sites.

Many pontic designs have been described to enhance the appearance of the restored sites. The flat (F) and step (S) pontic designs are a modification of classic pontic approaches. These designs contact the mucosa in a wide area of a previously reconstructed ridge without exerting excessive pressure, reducing the possibility of inflammation, ulceration, and facilitating cleaning. This periodontal‐prosthodontic procedure aims to achieve functional and esthetic prosthodontic results in a predictable manner.

Clinical Considerations

Understanding which pontic design is recommended in different clinical situations is key for a successful outcome. The F and S pontic designs are recommended to be used in a ridge with optimal soft tissue volume after periodontal reconstruction. The suggested designs provide the clinician with a solution to different clinical scenarios after the periodontal augmentation of the pontic site has been done.

Conclusions

The presented pontic designs are indicated in ridges where a previous soft tissue preservation or reconstruction procedure has been done to achieve an optimal soft tissue volume. Modifications to the designs can be done in the interim stage which is later replicated into the final restoration.

Clinical Significance

The combination of periodontal and prosthodontic techniques help to predictably achieve a natural looking pontic emergence profile.
Dense granule biogenesis, secretion, and function in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Griffith Michael B. , Pearce Camille S. , Heaslip Aoife T.
Published: March 2022

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and the causative agent of Toxoplasmosis. A key to understanding and treating the disease lies with determining how the parasite can survive and replicate within cells of its host. Proteins released from specialized secretory vesicles, named the dense granules (DGs), have diverse functions that are critical for adapting the intracellular environment, and are thus key to survival and pathogenicity. In this review, we describe the current understanding and outstanding questions regarding dense granule biogenesis, trafficking, and regulation of secretion. In addition, we provide an overview of dense granule protein (“GRA”) function upon secretion, with a focus on proteins that have recently been identified.
Citizen science as a tool for understanding the silent dispersion of toadfish Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean, 1880)
Authors: Carvalho Barbara Maichak de , Freitas Matheus O. , Tomás Acácio R. G. , Caires Rodrigo , Charvet Patricia , Vitule Jean
Published: March 2022

Citizen science is an excellent tool in studies of the spatial distribution of non‐native species. In Brazil, Opsanus beta has recently been introduced. Studies indicate the occurrence of this species in five estuaries off the Brazilian coast (Guanabara Bay, Sepetiba Bay, Santos Bay, Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and Guaratuba Bay). The present study aims to understand the dispersion of this species on the Brazilian coast through citizen science. Between January and May 2021, information about O. beta was weekly posted in 32 recreational fishing Facebook groups. Sixty‐five fishers reported catches of O. beta in estuaries (Guanabara Bay, Sepetiba Bay, Santos Bay and Paranaguá Estuarine Complex). In addition, there were reports from other shallow areas outside adjacent estuaries (Bertioga and Peruíbe, in Sao Paulo State) and the first occurrence record for Laguna (Santa Catarina State), a southern estuarine zone (28° 29′ 45″ S to 48° 45′ 36″ W). In four estuaries along the Brazilian coast where O. beta was recorded, there are internal ports that trade with countries from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (species original range), indicating ballast water as a possible introduction route. In Laguna, the introduction may have occurred by maritime cabotage services. The reproductive capacity, the aquarists' interest, the absence of introduction policies aimed at this species and the cabotage fleet transportation may be factors that help further extend the dispersal of O. beta on the Brazilian coast.
Material system analysis: A novel multilayer system approach to correlate EU flows and stocks of Li‐ion batteries and their raw materials
Authors: Matos Cristina T. , Mathieux Fabrice , Ciacci Luca , Lundhaug Maren Cathrine , León María Fernanda Godoy , Müller Daniel Beat , Dewulf Jo , Georgitzikis Konstantinos , Huisman Jaco
Published: March 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) will play a crucial role in achieving decarbonization and reducing greenhouse gases. If the EU wants to be competitive in the global market of LIBs, it has to ensure a sustainable and secure supply of the raw materials needed for the manufacturing of these batteries. Limited understanding of how the battery material cycles are linked with raw materials supply chains may hinder policy measures targeting the set‐up of a domestic supply chain in the EU since no precise information on where to intervene will be available. The novelty of this work lies in a multilayer system approach developed to reveal interlinkages between the flows of five raw materials contained in LIBs (cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, and nickel) in the EU. This was achieved by aligning material system analysis datasets of raw materials contained in LIBs with datasets on stocks and flows of this type of batteries in the EU. The results demonstrate the EU's strong import dependency on LIBs and battery raw materials. The EU recycling of lithium and natural graphite is low/nonexistent hindering the sustainable supply of these materials. The results also show that the majority of battery materials are increasingly accumulated in use or hoarding stocks. The proposed approach is designed to help identify bottlenecks and possible solutions to increase the efficiency of the EU LIB system, which could go unnoticed if each material supply chain were examined individually. This study also highlights how the lessons learned can support EU resource‐management policies.
Eco‐labeling of freight transport services: Design, evaluation, and research directions
Authors: Kirschstein Thomas , Heinold Arne , Behnke Martin , Meisel Frank , Bierwirth Christian
Published: March 2022

The idea of eco‐labeling is to provide customers with an easy‐to‐understand signal regarding the ecological impact of using a product or service. With this paper, we propose an eco‐labeling system for freight transportation. We discuss design options based on a common emission reporting standard and a related communication protocol. We further explain a procedure for deriving labels for shipments of goods and provide examples illustrating and evaluating the labeling process at selected land‐based freight transport services. Results indicate that eco‐labels can grade the environmental impact of a transport service reliably, even if heterogeneous goods are moved together. Finally, we outline challenges for future research associated with eco‐labeling in freight transportation markets.
Anatomical variation of the aorta in the West of Scotland – A population with high cardiovascular disease burden. Implications for stent design and deployment
Authors: Allardyce Hazel , Shepherd Ellis , Bailey Emma L.
Published: March 2022

The prevalence and complexity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the West of Scotland are high with the aortic arch and abdominal aorta, particularly at increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. Stent deployment can be key in preventing further cardiovascular events, however, current stent design does not account for complex advanced CVD in these areas. This cadaveric study aimed to provide anatomical measurements requested by manufacturers to improve stent design and deployment in this target population. Nine cadavers (six females and three males; age range = 82.7 ± 10.4 years) from the West of Scotland were dissected to expose the aortic arch and abdominal aorta. Digital callipers and protractors were used to collect data on vessel diameters (including taper), branch spacing, angles and presence of collaterals. CVD was present in all cadavers and ranged from mild plaque presence to aortic dissections. One possessed a bovine aortic arch variation. Supra‐aortic vessels were approximately equally spaced, but the left common carotid had the most acute branching angle. Angulation of the arch from the coronal plane positively correlated with a deviation of the left subclavian artery (LSA) from the sternal midline (Spearman's coefficient r = 0.82, p = 0.01) which may impact surgical access. The origin of the vertebral artery on the LSA was also highly variable. The diameter of the descending aorta decreased along its length from the aortic hiatus to superior mesenteric by 21 ± 10% indicating a high degree of taper. The artery of Adamkiewicz was present in 33% and additional renal collaterals were present in 22%. 66% had tortuous vessels in the abdominal region. These results highlight the need for more data to aid the refinement of stent‐graft design and deployment methods to ensure successful surgical intervention in this population.
Effect of A. polygama APEE (Actinidia polygama ethanol extract) or APWE (Actinidia polygama water extract) on wrinkle formation in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice
Authors: Kim Yu‐jin , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Su‐Young , Lee Jung Min , Lee Esther , Na Jungtae , Yoo Kwang‐Ho , Park Su‐Jin , Kim Beom Joon
Published: March 2022

Background

Actinidia polygama (silver vine) is considered a medical plant which has been used in oriental medicine. It has been used for the treatment of pain, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation. Few studies reported on the effect of Actinidia polygama (silver vine) on skin photoaging.

Objective

To evaluate the anti‐photoaging effect of the ethanol and water extracts of A. polygama (APEE and APWE, respectively) in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice.

Methods

SKH‐1 hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (30–60 mJ/cm2), following orally APEE or APWE oral administration for 10 weeks. We examined the effect on winkle improvement by a measuring Fullscope, PRIMOS, Craniometer, and Cutometer. Furthermore, we analyzed histological changes in mouse dorsal skin through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) was analyzed by immunoblotting.

Results

Oral administration of APEE or APWE at 100 or 200 mg/kg in UVB‐irradiated mice alleviated the symptoms of skin aging, such as wrinkling, epidermal hyperplasia, and water loss. In addition, the APEE or APWE oral administration increased skin elasticity by enhancing the production of type I collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) expression.

Conclusion

Based on results for our study, APEE or APWE could protect the UVB‐mediated skin wrinkle and is new target for the developing anti‐wrinkle cosmetics.
“I've been to more of my friends’ funerals than I've been to my friends’ weddings”: Witnessing and responding to overdose in rural Northern New England
Authors: Nolte Kerry , Romo Eric , Stopka Thomas J. , Drew Aurora , Dowd Patrick , Del Toro‐Mejias Lizbeth , Bianchet Elyse , Friedmann Peter D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Overdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information about local context. Witnessing overdoses may also be an important consideration in providing services to PWUDs, as it contributes to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which complicate substance use disorder treatment.

Methods

We aim to estimate the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to an overdose, while exploring overdose context among rural PWUD. The Drug Injection Surveillance and Care Enhancement for Rural Northern New England (DISCERNNE) mixed‐methods study characterized substance use and risk behaviors in 11 rural Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire counties between 2018 and 2019. PWUD completed surveys (n = 589) and in‐depth interviews (n = 22).

Findings

Among the survey participants, 84% had ever witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable PTSD symptoms. Overall, 51% had ever called 911 for an overdose, though some experienced criminal legal system consequences despite GSL. Although naloxone access varied, 43% had ever used naloxone to reverse an overdose.

Conclusions

PWUD in Northern New England commonly witnessed an overdose, which they experienced as traumatic. Participants were willing to respond to overdoses, but faced barriers to effective overdose response, including limited naloxone access and criminal legal system consequences. Equipping PWUDs with effective overdose response tools (education and naloxone) and enacting policies that further protect PWUDs from criminal legal system consequences could reduce overdose mortality.
Assessing the Degree of Ecological Validity of Your Study: Introducing the Multidimensional Assessment of Research in Context (MARC) Tool
Authors: Naumann Sandra , Byrne Michelle L. , de la Fuente Alethia , Harrewijn Anita , Nugiel Tehila , Rosen Maya , van Atteveldt Nienke , Matusz Pawel J.
Published: March 2022

In cognitive neurosciences, fundamental principles of mental processes and functional brain organization have been established with highly controlled tasks and testing environments. Recent technical advances allowed the investigation of these functions and their brain mechanisms in naturalistic settings. The diversity in those approaches have been recently (Matusz, P. J., Dikker, S., Huth, A. G., & Perrodin, C. (2019). Are we ready for real‐world neuroscience? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31(3), 327–338. doi:10.1162/jocn_e_01276) classified via a three‐category cycle, including controlled laboratory, partially naturalistic laboratory, and naturalistic real‐world research. Based on this model, we developed the Multidimensional Assessment of Research in Context (MARC) tool to easily delineate the approach researchers have taken in their study. MARC provides means to describe the degree of ecological validity for each component of a study (e.g., sample, stimuli, measures, etc.), and the study's location on the cycle. The tool comprises seven questions concerning a study's characteristics. It outputs a summary of those and a compass plot, which can be used for presentations, preregistration, grant proposals, and papers. It aims to improve drawing conclusions across studies and raise awareness about the generalizability of research findings.