bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel mutations of the SRF gene in Chinese sporadic conotruncal heart defect patients
Authors: Mengmeng Xu , Yuejuan Xu , Sun Chen , Yanan Lu , Fen Li , Kun Sun
Published: March 2020

Background: Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are a group of congenital heart malformations that cause anomalies of cardiac outflow tracts. In the past few decades, many genes related to CTDs have been reported. Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that acts as transcription factor, and SRF was found to be a critical factor in heart development and to be strongly expressed in the myocardium of the developing mouse and chicken hearts. The targeted inactivation of SRF during heart development leads to embryonic lethality and myocardial defects in mice. Results: To illustrate the relationship between SRF and human heart defects, we screened SRF mutations in 527 CTD patients, a cross sectional study. Two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A>G p.G274D, the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G>T p.G294C, the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.) of SRF (NM_003131.2) were identified. Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that there were no obvious differences between the protein expression and mRNA transcription of mutants and wild-type SRF. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that both SRF mutants (G274D and G294C) impaired SRF transcriptional activity at the SRF promoter and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter (p<0.05), additionally, the mutants displayed reduced synergism with GATA4. Conclusion: These results suggest that SRF-p.G274D and SRF-p.G294C may have potential pathogenic effects.
Impact of a Postcrash First Aid Educational Program on Knowledge, Perceived Skills Confidence, and Skills Utilization Among Traffic Police Officers: A Single-Arm Before-After Intervention Study
Authors: Ndile Menti Lastone , Lukumay Gift G. , Bolenius Karin , Outwater Anne H. , Saveman Britt-Inger , Backteman-Erlanson Susann
Published: March 2020

Background

An overwhelming proportion of road traffic deaths and injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur in prehospital environments. Lay first responders such as police officers play an important role in providing initial assistance to victims of road traffic injuries either alone or in collaboration with others. The present study evaluated a postcrash first aid (PFA) educational program developed for police officers in Tanzania.

Method

A 16-hour PFA educational program was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for 135 police officers. Participants completed training surveys before, immediately and six months after the training (before, N = 135; immediately after, N = 135; after six months, N = 102). The primary outcome measures were PFA knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse changes in outcome.

Results

The mean PFA knowledge score increased from 44.73% before training ( SD = 20.70) to 72.92% six months after training ( SD = 18.12), p ˂ .001, N = 102. The mean PFA perceived skills confidence score (measured on a 1–5 Likert scale) increased from 1.96 before training ( SD = 0.74) to 3.78 six months after training ( SD = 0.70), p ˂ .001, N = 102. Following training, application of the recovery position skill ( n = 42, 46%) and application of the bleeding control skill ( n = 45, 49%) were reported by nearly half of the responding officers. Less than a quarter of officers reported applying head and neck immobilization skills ( n = 20, 22%) following training.

Conclusion

A PFA educational program has shown to improve police officers’ knowledge and perceived skills confidence on provision of first aid. However qualitative research need to be conducted to shed more light regarding reasons for low utilization of trained first aid skills during follow-up.
Central line bundle including split-septum device and single-use prefilled flushing syringes to prevent port-associated bloodstream infections: A cost and resource-utilization analysis
Authors: Devrim Ilker , Ozkul Mustafa T , Çağlar İlknur , Oruç Yeliz , Demiray Nevbahar , Tahta Neryal , Vergin Canan
Published: March 2020

Background: Central line bundle programs were found to be effective in decreasing central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in pediatric cancer patients with ports. However, cost-effectiveness studies of central line bundle programs in pediatric cancer patients are limited, and most available data are from intensive care unit or adult studies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study spanning 6 years, comprehensive assessment of total health care costs attributable to CLABSI's associated with ports between two periods. Results: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatric hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital from 1 August 2011 to 31 July 2017. The CLABSI rates decreased significantly from 8.31 CLABSIs to 3.04 per 1000 central line days (p<0.001). In the prebundle period, total attributable costs spent for of patients with CLABSI were $130661, and in the bundle period, total attributable costs spent for patients with CLABSI were $116579. Within bundle implantation, 71 potential CLABSI were prevented, which saved an additional $208977. Conclusion: Our study shows that central line bundles decreases not only the CLABSI rate but also decreases attributable costs due to CLABSI. Expenses spent for bundle elements, were covered by savings by preventing CLABSI with higher costs
An exclusion mechanism is epistatic to an internal detoxification mechanism in aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yu Wancong , Cao Yu , Cai Yanfei , Lyi Sangbom M. , Wu Weiwei , Kang Yan , Liang Cuiyue , LIU JIPING
Published: March 2020

Background: In Arabidopsis, the aluminum (Al) exclusion mechanism is mainly facilitated by ALMT1-mediated malate exudation and MATE-mediated citrate releases from the root. Recently, we have demonstrated that coordinated functioning between the ALMT1-mediated Al exclusion mechanism, via exudation of malate from the root tip, and a NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism, via removal of Al from the root cell wall and subsequent root-to-shoot Al translocation, plays critical roles in achieving overall Al resistance. However, the genetic relationship between ALMT1 and NIP1;2 in these processes remained unclear. Results: Through genetic and physiological analyses, we demonstrate that unlike ALMT1 and MATE, which function independently and additively, ALMT1 and NIP1;2 show an epistatic relationship in Al resistance. These results indicate that ALMT1 and NIP1;2 function in the same biochemical pathway, whereas ALMT1 and MATE in different ones.Conclusion: The establishment of the epistatic relationship and the coordinated functioning between the ALMT1 and NIP1;2-mediated exclusion and internal detoxification mechanisms are pivotal for achieving overall Al resistance in the non-accumulating Arabidopsis plant. We discuss and emphasize the indispensable roles of the root cell wall for the implementation of the Al exclusion mechanism and for the establishment of an epistatic relationship between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism and the NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism.
Survey of human and bovine tuberculosis infection on dairy farms in southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Shu , Chen Chuang , Rao Zhengyuan , Yang Aiguo , Guo Li , Hou Wei , Zhang Liang , Yang Xiulan , Liu Yan , Wu Yumei
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that can be transmitted between humans and cattle. The aim of our study was to identify cross-infections of MTBC between humans and cattle on dairy farms in Sichuan Province, southwestern China.
Results: We selected 6 large-scale and 5 small-scale dairy farms in Sichuan Province as research sites. A total of 378 dairy farm workers (except one pregnant woman) were screened for tuberculosis symptoms and examined by X-ray. One worker was diagnosed as tuberculosis, though the sputum culture was negative. In total, 99 of 10,224 (0.97%) cows showed positive results for the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests. Esophageal-pharyngeal (OP) secretions from PPD-positive cows were cultured and 21 isolates were obtained. Sequences of 16s rDNA , hsp65 and rpoB and 16s-23s rRNA spacer region were amplified and sequenced. BLAST analysis classified these isolates as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (18 M. nonchromogenicum , 1 M. hiberniae , 1 M. arupense, and 1 M. chitae isolates).
Conclusion: This study indicates that the PPD-positive cows in these dairy farms were infected with NTM rather than MTBC. Tuberculosis cross-infection between humans and cows on dairy farms has been well controlled in this region.
Implementing a Multidisciplinary Approach for Older Adults with Cancer: Geriatric Oncology in Practice
Authors: Presley Carolyn , Krok-Schoen Jessica , Wall Sarah , Noonan Anne , Jones Desiree , Folefac Edmund , Williams Nicole , Overcash Janine , Rosko Ashley
Published: March 2020

Background: Evidence-based practice in geriatric oncology is growing, and national initiatives have focused on expanding cancer care and research to improve health outcomes of older adults. However, there are still gaps between knowledge and practice for older adults with cancer.

Methods: The Cancer and Aging Resiliency (CARE) clinic is a multidisciplinary approach for implementing geriatric-driven health care for older adults with cancer. The CARE clinic was developed as a direct response to recommendations targeting key multifactorial geriatric health conditions (e.g. falls, nutritional deficits, sensory loss, cognitive impairment, frailty, multiple chronic conditions, and functional status). We review the influence of these factors across the cancer care trajectory, including at screening, diagnosis, and treatment and discuss ways in which these conditions may be targeted to improve cancer care in older adults.

Results: The CARE clinic was implemented at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) and targets modifiable risk factors affecting outcomes in older adults with cancer: weight loss, polypharmacy, physical impairments, social support, and mood symptoms. The multidisciplinary team at the CARE clinic discusses and delivers a comprehensive set of recommendations, all in one clinic visit, to minimize burden on the patient and the caregiver. The CARE clinic is part of a set of initiatives that feature education of future leaders in geriatric oncology, survivorship care for an aging population, and outcomes research.

Conclusions: Older adults with cancer have a unique set of needs that need to be taken into account throughout their cancer care. The CARE clinic model is an important example of an approach that may combat these difficulties and lead to better outcomes among older adults with cancer.
Transcriptome analysis of lateral buds from Phyllostachys edulis rhizome during germination and early shoot stages
Authors: Shou Yuting , Zhu Yihua , Ding Yulong
Published: March 2020

Background: The vegetative growth is an important stage for plants when they conduct photosynthesis, accumulate and collect all resources needed and prepare for reproduction stage. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plant species. The rapid growth of Phyllostachys edulis results from the expansion of intercalary meristem at the basal part of nodes, which are differentiated from the apical meristem of rhizome lateral buds. However, little is known about the major signaling pathways and players involved during this rapid development stage of bamboo. To study this question, we adopted the high-throughput sequencing technology and compared the transcriptomes of Moso bamboo rhizome buds in germination stage and late development stage.
Results: We found that the development of Moso bamboo rhizome lateral buds was coordinated by multiple pathways, including meristem development, sugar metabolism and phytohormone signaling. Phytohormones have fundamental impacts on the plant development. We found the evidence of several major hormones participating in the development of Moso bamboo rhizome lateral bud. Furthermore, we showed direct evidence that Gibberellic Acids (GA) signaling participated in the Moso bamboo stem elongation.
Conclusion: Significant changes occur in various signaling pathways during the development of rhizome lateral buds. It is crucial to understand how these changes are translated to Phyllostachys edulis fast growth. These results expand our knowledge on the Moso bamboo internodes fast growth and provide research basis for further study.
Comparison of three dimensional reconstruction and conventional computer tomography angiography in patients undergoing zero-ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Wu Xiaorong , Jiang Chen , Wu Guangyu , Shen Chao , Fu Qibo , Chen Yonghui , Liu Dongming , Xue Wei
Published: March 2020

Background: Advances in three dimensional (3D) reconstruction and printing technology have fueled a rapidly growing interest in its applications in the field of urology. To our knowledge, the experience on the use of 3D reconstruction to facilitate zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy (PN) remains sparse and the role of 3D reconstruction is still needed to be defined. This study aimed to assess the role of 3D reconstruction and conventional computer tomography angiography (CTA) in zero-ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
Methods: A total of 60 consecutive patients undergoing zero-ischemia LPN between October 2017 and March 2018 who underwent CTA (CTA group including 30 patients) and 3D reconstruction (3D group including the remaining 30 patients) preoperatively were included. 3D reconstruction and CTA images were prepared which were used to demonstrate the number and spatial interrelationships of the location of renal tumors and tumor feeding arteries. These radiological findings were directly correlated with intraoperative surgical findings at laparoscopy. Baseline, perioperative variables and the rate of accurate tumor feeding artery orientation were compared between groups.
Results: All the procedures were performed successfully without conversion to main renal artery clamping. Preoperative 3D reconstruction identified that 15 patients had only one tumor feeding artery, 12 had two, and another 3 had three, while the conventional CTA revealed that 22 patients had one tumor feeding artery, 8 had two (P>0.05). The mean operation time was shorter and estimated blood loss was less in the 3D group (P<0.05). 3D reconstruction group resulted in more accurate dissection of tumor artery (91.7%) as compared to conventional CTA (84.2%). There were no statistical differences in the baseline characteristics and renal function outcomes between two groups.
Conclusions: 3D reconstruction can provide comprehensive information for the preoperative evaluation and intraoperative orientation that may facilitate tumor resection during zero-ischemia LPN for renal tumors.
Burnout Syndrome, Extracurricular Activities and Social Support Among Brazilian Internship Medical Students: a Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Authors: Fontana Maria Carolina Pedro , Generoso Igor Prado , Sizilio Alexandre , Bivanco-Lima Danielle
Published: March 2020

Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) is highly prevalent among medical students and is associated with lower empathy and worsening of medical students ́ mental health. The aim of our study was to identify prevalence of BS during internship and its association with self-related social support and participation in extracurricular activities in one medical school in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, with 121 medical students on internship (56% response rate). They were evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services (MBI) and assessed about socio demographic data, social support and extracurricular activities. Results: The overall BS prevalence was 57.5% among medical interns. High emotional exhaustion was present in 33.1% (N=38) of interns, high depersonalization was observed in 45.7% (N=58) and 36.2% of participants (N=46) had low personal accomplishment. Individuals with participation in community services had lower frequency of depersonalization (PR 0.61 CI95% 0.42-0.88). BS was not associated with different types of extracurricular activities and no association was found among BS and the behaviour of seeking social support. Conclusions: We found high prevalence of BS in medical interns, however the behaviour of seeking social support had no association with BS. The interns participating in community activities had lower frequency of high depersonalization.
Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth
Authors: Wang Rongna , Qian Junjie , Fang Zhongming , Tang Jihua
Published: March 2020

Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.
Laparoscopic based renal denervation in a canine neurogenic hypertension model
Authors: Shao Chunlai , Zhou Yan , You Tao , Xue Boxin , Stella Pieter R , Jiang TingBo , Miao Zhigang , Xu Longjiang , Yin Yin , Lan Longsheng , Rong Guang
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous renal denervation (RDN) studies showed controversial results in reducing blood pressure. The aim of this study was to provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of laparoscopic-based renal denervation (L-RDN) in treating hypertension. Methods: Sixteen Beagle dogs were randomly divided into RDN group (n = 12) and sham group (n = 4). Neurogenic hypertension was generated in all dogs via carotid artery route. L-RDN was performed in the RDN group, with sham operation performed as a control. Blood pressure (BP) changes were recorded at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the procedure. Changes in serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and level of norepinephrine (NE) were analyzed. Histological changes of kidney and renal arteries were also evaluated. Results: BP and NE levels were significantly elevated after hypertension induction (p < 0.01). Systolic and diastolic BP of RDN group were decreased by 15.5 mmHg and 7.3 mmHg (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0021, respectively) at the eighth week after L-RDN. Invasive systolic and diastolic BP of RDN group were significantly decreased by 14.5 mmHg and 15.3 mmHg (p < 0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant decrease in blood pressure in the sham group. In addition, RDN group but not the sham group showed a significant decrease in NE levels (p < 0.001), while no significant changes in sCr and BUN were observed in both groups. Pathological examinations showed no discernible damage, tear, or dissection to the renal arteries in RND group. Conclusions: L-RDN lowered BP and NE levels in hypertensive dogs without affecting renal artery morphology and kidney function.
High fat-induced inflammation in vascular endothelium can be improved by Abelmoschus esculentus and metformin via increasing the expressions of miR-146a and miR-155
Authors: Gou Luoning , Liu Geng , Ma Rong , Regmi Anita , Zeng Tianshu , Zheng Juan , Zhong Xueyu , Chen Lulu
Published: March 2020

Background: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which contributes to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be involved in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) and metformin have been suggested to improve inflammation in vascular system. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether miRNAs are involved in high fat induced endothelial inflammation, and whether AE and metformin improve endothelial inflammation by regulating miRNAs.Methods: We established high fat treated rats and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). AE and metformin were added to explore their effects on endothelial inflammation induced by high fat and the possible mechanism. Results: The vascular inflammatory genes were increased in rats treated with high fat diet. The decreased miR-146a and miR-155 were involved in endothelial inflammation induced by high fat through targeting IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), respectively. While AE and metformin could ameliorate the endothelial inflammation by increasing miR-146a and miR-155. Conclusions: These results indicate that miR-146a and miR-155 play roles in the high fat induced endothelial inflammation, which could be potential therapeutic targets. AE and metformin can attenuate endothelial inflammation through regulating miR-146a and miR-155.
Role of the ADCY9 gene in cardiac abnormalities of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Authors: Wu Yueheng , Xia Yu , Li Ping , Qu Hui-Qi , Liu Yichuan , Yang Yongchao , Lin Jijin , Zheng Meng , Tian Lifeng , Wu Zhuanbin , Huang Shufang , Qin Xianyu , Zhou Xianwu , Chen Shaoxian , Liu Yanying , Wang Yonghua , Li Xiaofeng , Zeng Hanshi , Hakonarson Hakon , Zhuang Jian
Published: March 2020

Background ： Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare, congenital, plurimalformative, and neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous studies have reported that large deletions contribute to more severe RSTS phenotypes than those caused by CREBBP point mutations, suggesting a concurrent pathogenetic role of flanking genes, typical of contiguous gene syndromes, but the detailed genetics are unclear. Results ： This study presented a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi (RT) syndrome with serious cardiac abnormalities. Based on the clinical and genetic analysis of the patient, the ADCY9 gene deletion was highlighted as a plausible explanation of cardiac abnormalities. In adcy9 morphant zebrafish, cardiac malformation was observed. Immunofluorescence study disclosed increased macrophage migration and cardiac apoptosis. RNA sequencing in zebrafish model highlighted the changes of a number of genes, including increased expression of the mmp9 gene which encodes a matrix metalloproteinase with the main function to degrade and remodel extracellular matrix. Conclusions ： In this study, we identified a plausible new candidate gene ADCY9 of CHD through the clinical and genetic analysis of a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi (RT) syndrome with serious cardiac abnormalities. By functional study of zebrafish, we demonstrated that deletion of adcy9 is the causation for the cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac apoptosis and increased expression of the MMP9 gene are involved in the pathogenesis.
Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Dolinova Iva , Sevcu Alena , Jurczak Tomasz , Frankiewicz Piotr , Wojtal-Frankiewicz Adrianna , Wan Lingling , Deng Qinghui , Song Chunlei , Zhou Yiyong , Cao Xiuyun
Published: March 2020

Background The N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a globally distributed bloom causing species that degrades water quality of fresh and marine water bodies. Overcoming phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the ecological advantages for bloom forming cyanobacteria. It remains unclear to what extent can A. flos-aquae alleviate P deficiency by regulating P using strategies. Results Based on in situ observations of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (APase) in A. flos-aquae via enzyme-labeled fluorescence in freshwater bodies in China, Poland and Czechia, we further investigated responses of isolated A. flos-aquae to different P supplies (dissolved inorganic P (Pi) as +DIP, dissolved organic α-glycerophosphate and β-glycerophosphate as +DOPα and +DOPβ, P-free condition as P-depleted). The significantly negative relationships between percentage of APase producing cells and soluble reactive P concentration in both fields and cultures suggested that the excretion of APase in cyanobacterium was regulated by ambient Pi supply. Suffering from P deficiency in the P-depleted treatments, A. flos-aquae showed the highest APase activity but a vigorous growth at the early culture stage, which might also benefit from the formation of polyphosphate body (PPB) and the decrease of cell P quota. In the +DOP treatments, the coordination of dissolved DOP mineralization and continuous prompt utilization of PPB might contribute to a maintenance but not reproduction of A. flos-aquae when relying on DOP, since the specific growth rate kept around 0 cells L-1 day-1 at the second half culture period and the highest cell density reached only 13.38% of that in +DIP treatments while photochemical efficiency was comparable during the whole experiment. Luxury uptake of phosphate as PPB in the +DIP treatments was consistent to the canonical view of polyphosphate as P storage. Conclusion A. flos-aquae could achieve an instantaneous growth in response to P deficiency with the coordination of P utilization strategies, while it maintained a long-term sustainable growth but not reproduction under sole DOP supply. Persistent and active reproduction could only be achieved in high Pi supply, which implying that an effective consequence can be expected for combating the bloom of A. flos-aquae when controlling P supply.
Differential Regulation and Correlation between Galectin-9 and anti-CCP antibody (ACPA) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Fujita Yuya , Asano Tomoyuki , Matsuoka Naoki , Temmoku Jumpei , Sato Shuzo , Matsumoto Haruki , Furuya Makiko Yashiro , Suzuki Eiji , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kawakami Atsushi , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: March 2020

Background: Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is involved in the regulatory process of immune responses or inflammation. The aim of the present study is to characterize circulating Gal-9 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relationship with RA disease activity and phenotype. Methods: A total 116 RA patients and age-matched healthy controls (n=31) were included in this study. Disease activity of RA patients were determined by Disease Activity Score of 28 joint scoring system (DAS28-ESR). Levels of Gal-9 in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum levels of Gal-9 were significantly higher in patients with RA compared to those in controls (median 7577 pg/ml; [interquartile range (IQR); 5570–10201] versus 4738 pg/ml [IQR; 4267–5630], p=0.001). There were significant differences in serum Gal-9 between RA patients with and without RA-ILD (9606 pg/ml [IQR: 8522–12167] versus 7078 pg/ml [IQR: 5225–9447], p<0.001) or those with and without advanced joint damage (Stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ, 9606 pg/ml [IQR: 8522–12167] versus 7078 pg/ml [IQR: 5225–9447], p<0.001). Although serum levels of Gal-9 correlated with the titers of ACPA (r=0.275, p=0.002), levels of ACPA titers conferred the different relationship, between serum Gal-9 and inflammatory mediators or RA disease activity. Although Gal-9 was correlated with ACPA titers (r=0.508, p=0.002), there was no correlation between Gal-9 levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) or DAS28-ESR in RA patients with high titers of ACPA (>200u/ml). Conversely, Gal-9 was correlated with MMP-3 (r=0.300, p=0.007) or DAS28-ESR (r=0.331, p=0.004) not with ACPA titer in RA patients with low titers of ACPA titers (<200U/ml). Conclusions: Serum levels of Gal-9 were increased in RA patients and associated with RA disease activity in RA patients without high titers of ACPA. The levels of ACPA titers may influence the values of circulating Gal-9 in RA patients with various clinical phenotype. These data suggest that Gal-9 possessed the properties of proinflammatory or arthropathic biomarker under the status of ACPA titers.
Effects of Bodybuilding Supplements on the Kidney: A Population-Based Incidence Study of Biopsy Pathology and Clinical Characteristics among Middle Eastern Men
Authors: Ali Alaa Abbas , Almukhtar Safaa E , Sharif Dana A , Saleem Zana Sidiq M , Muhealdeen Dana N , Hughson Michael D
Published: March 2020

Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown.
Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 56,000 total participants and 25,000 regular participants (those training more than one year). Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population.
Results: Fifteen male participants had kidney biopsies. Among regular participants, diagnoses were: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2; membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 2; post-infectious glomeruonephritis (PIGN), 1; tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1; and nephrocalcinosis , 2. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was diagnosed in 5 regular participants and 2 participants training less than one year. Among regular participants, anabolic steroid use was self-reported in 26% and veterinary grade vitamin D injections in 2.6%. ASIR for FSGS, MGN, PIGN, and TIN among regular participants was not statistically different than the general population. ASIR of FSGS adjusted for anabolic steroid use was 3.4 (-1.3 to 8.1), a rate overlapping with FSGS in the general population at 2.0 (1.2 to 2.8). ATN presented as exertional muscle injury with myoglobinuria among new participants. Nevertheless, ASIR for ATN among total participants at 1.4 (0.4 to 2.4) was not significantly different than for the general population at 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5). Nephrocalcinosis was only diagnosed among bodybuilders at a 9-year cumulative rate of one per 314 vitamin D injectors.
Conclusions: Kidney disease rates among bodybuilders were not significantly different than for the general population, except for nephrocalcinosis that was caused by injections of veterinary grade vitamin D compounds.
Differences in Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ in Early-onset Preeclampsia and Late-onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Permadi Wiryawan , Mantilidewi Kemala , Khairani Astrid Feinisa , Lantika Uci Ary , Ronosulistyo Ayu Angelina , Bayuaji Hartanto
Published: March 2020

Objective: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been reported to be implicated in key functions in cell that were also important to ensure normal pregnancy development. In this study, we conducted primary culture of trophoblastic cells from normal pregnant women in the third trimester (n =3), and from patients with EOPE (n=3), and LOPE (n=3). Expression of PPAR-γ was determined by Western Blot. Data are the means ±S.E. from three separate experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software,version 20.0, a p<0.05 was considered significant (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s test) versus normal serum pregnancy.

Results: Serum from normal pregnant women and those with EOPE did not induce any difference in the expression of PPAR-γ (p>0.05). In contrast, expression of PPAR-γ was increased in those cells with serum from LOPE (p<0.001). Therefore, we conclude that hypothetically PPAR-γ might play role in the pathophysiology of LOPE but not in EOPE. Other possibility is the activity of PPAR-γ in EOPE is inversely correlated with the expression, therefore the high enzymatic activity of PPAR-γ is tightly regulated by attenuating its expression.
The Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yi , Chen Lang , Xing Changsheng , Deng Guangtong , Zeng Furong , Xie Tingting , Gu Lei , Yang Hui Xiang
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies have suggested that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the available data on this association are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between IBD and the risk of RA. Methods: Observational studies investigating the RA risk among patients with IBD (Crohn disease (CD) and/or ulcerative colitis (UC)) were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from the date of inception to December 2019 . The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I 2 statistics while publication bias was determined using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: A total of three cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two case-control study were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to the non-IBD control or general population, there was a significantly higher risk of RA among patients with IBD (RR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.93–3.48). Moreover, both CD (RR=3.14; 95% CI: 2.46–4.01) and UC (RR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.76–2.97) were associated with a significantly increased risk of RA . However, heterogeneity was substantial across studies and the subgroup analyses failed to identify the potential source of heterogeneity. Conclusions: Patients with IBD have a greater risk of developing RA. Rheumatologists should be consulted when patients with IBD present with undifferentiated joint complaints. However, more prospective cohort studies are needed to validate these results.
A pilot study: lenticule quality of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in rabbits
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhao Feng , Han Tian , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao
Published: March 2020

Background: To evaluate lenticule surface characteristics of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia correction in rabbits. Methods: The left and right eyes of 8 rabbits were divided into two groups. The right eyes were assigned to a hyperopia group, and the left eyes to a myopia group. The rabbits received SMILE procedures with +3.00 D and –3.00 D correction for the hyperopia and myopia groups, respectively. Extracted lenticules were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Lenticules from odd-numbered rabbits were accessed with the anterior surface, and lenticules from even-numbered rabbits were observed with the posterior surface. A previously established scoring system was used to evaluate lenticule surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scores between the two groups. Results: All procedures were performed successfully, and the lenticules were extracted smoothly. One myopia lenticule that was facing downward was handled failed in preparation for imaging, thus 15 lenticules were ultimately graded. Twelve lenticules exhibited smooth surfaces, and regularly arranged tissue bridges were observed in almost all regions. Three lenticules exhibited a partially rough surface and irregularities affecting more than 10% of the lenticules (2 in the hyperopia group and 1 in the myopia group). Rough lenticules occurred in twice as many Lenticules in the hyperopia group compared to the myopia group. Conclusions: Scan quality of lenticules after SMILE for hyperopia correction is comparable to that of myopia lenticules. The shape of hyperopic lenticule may increase the difficulty of surgical manipulation and result in surface roughness.
A CT study of tibiofemoral rotation alignment in normal knee joint of Chinese adult
Authors: Lu Yufeng , Ren Xiaoyu , Liu Benyin , Xu Peng , Hao Yangquan
Published: March 2020

Background : Tibial rotation in total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. The aim was to investigate which anatomical reference was closer to SEA in 10 tibial markers in Chinese adult. Methods : The study included 122 normal lower extremities. 10 axes were drawn on the axial sections: transverse axis of tibia(TAT), axis of medial edge of patellar tendon (MEPT), axis of medial 1⁄3 of patellar tendon attachment (M1/3), Akagi line, Insall line, axis of medial border of tibial tubercle(MBTT)，axis of anterior border of the tibia 1-4(ATC1-4). The angles between TAT and SEA as well as the angles between other axes and the perpendicular to SEA were measured. Pairwise differences among the 10 tibial axes were examined using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Results : In all the knees, the mean angles of M1/3, Akagi line, Insall line, MBTT, ATC1, ATC2, ATC3, and ATC4 axes compared to perpendicular of projected SEA were 10.2±5.1°, 1.4±5.0°, 11.9±5.4°, 3.6±4.8°, 12.0±6.9°, 7.2±8.6°, 7.1±10.4°, and 6.6±13.5° external rotation, respectively, and the MEPT axis was 1.6±4.5° internal rotation. The TAT was 4.1±5.3° external rotation compared to SEA. The M1⁄3 and Insall line were significantly externally rotated than Akagi line, MEPT, MBTT, TAT, ATC2, ATC3, and ATC4 axes. There was no significant difference between the TAT axis and the MBTT axis, as well as no significant difference between the ATC2, ATC3, and ATC4 axes. Conclusion : Akagi line, MBTT and TAT show good consistency with SEA in axial femorotibial alignment with knee in extension. The middle segment of the anterior tibial crest also has good alignment consistency with SEA in axial femorotibial alignment, it can be reliable reference mark for rotational alignment of the tibial component in TKA.
Genomics of Maize Stover Yield and Saccharification Efficiency Using a Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Population
Authors: Lopez-Malvar Ana , Butron A , Malvar R , Gomez LD , Faas L , McQueen-Mason S , Revilla P , Figueroa-Garrido DJ , Santiago R
Published: March 2020

Background: Cellulosic ethanol derived from fast growing C4 grasses could become an alternative to finite fossil fuels. With the potential to generate a major source of lignocellulosic biomass, maize has gained importance as an outstanding model plant for studying the complex cell wall network, and as a model to optimize crop breeding strategies in bioenergy grasses. A genome-wide association study was conducted using a subset of 408 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) from a Multiparent-Advanced Intercross (MAGIC) Population in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with yield and saccharification efficiency of maize stover.Results: We identified 4 SNPs significantly associated with stover yield that corresponded to 4 QTL, and 16 SNPs significantly associated with saccharification efficiency, that could be clustered into 5 QTL. Markers linked to these QTL could be used in marker-assisted selection programs to improve ethanol production. In addition, we have pointed out genes that contain the significant SNPs or are physically close to them. Conclusions: Genes involved in nitrogen assimilation, organ growth, and stress tolerance could be good candidates attending to QTLs for stover yield. On the other hand, for saccharification efficiency we highlight genes implicated in biomass degradation, transcriptional control of monolignol biosynthesis, and lignin polymerization as probable candidate genes in the QTLs involved.
Platelet adhesion and aggregate formation controlled by immobilised and soluble VWF
Authors: Schneider Matthias F. , Fallah Mohammad A. , Mess Christian , Obser Tobias , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Alexander-Katz Alfredo , Schneider Stefan W. , Huck Volker
Published: March 2020

Background It has been demonstrated that von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediated platelet-endothelium and platelet-platelet interactions are shear dependent. The VWF's mobility under dynamic conditions (e.g. flow) is pivotal to platelet adhesion and VWF-mediated aggregate formation in the cascade of VWF-platelet interactions in haemostasis. Results Combining microfluidic tools with fluorescence and reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM) microscopy, here we show, that specific deletions in the A-domains of the biopolymer VWF affect both, adhesion and aggregation properties independently. Intuitively, the deletion of the A1-domain led to a significant decrease in both adhesion and aggregate formation of platelets. Nevertheless, the deletion of the A2-domain revealed a completely different picture, with a significant increase in formation of rolling aggregates (gain of function). We predict that the A2-domain effectively ‘masks’ the potential between the glycoprotein Ib and the A1-domain. Furthermore, the deletion of the A3-domain led to no significant variation in either of the two functional characteristics. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the macroscopic functional properties i.e. adhesion and aggregate formation cannot simply be assigned to the properties of one particular domain, but have to be explained by cooperative phenomena. The absence or presence of molecular entities likewise affects the properties (thermodynamic phenomenology) of its neighbours, therefore altering the macromolecular function.
Expression and function of transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins in digestive system cancers
Authors: Qi Yaoyue , Li Hui , Lv Jing , Qi Weiwei , Shen Liwei , Liu Shihai , Ding Aiping , Wang Gongjun , Sun Libin , Qiu Wensheng
Published: March 2020

Background Although the medical level is constantly improving, cancer is still a major disease that threatens human health, and very effective treatments have not been found. In recent years, studies have found that four-transmembrane superfamily proteins are involved in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and development, but their expression and prognosis in tumors have not been systematically studied. Methods We used the Oncomine database to analyze the mRNA expression levels of TSPAN family in various cancers. Then differentially expressed genes were screened out and verified by liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer cells by q-PCR and Western blot analysis. CCK8 and EDU analysis are used to detect cell proliferation, Cell wound scrape assay and Cell invasion assay are used to analyze cell invasion and metastasis. Nude tumor formation test used to verify the tumor suppressive effect of TSPAN7 in vivo. Results: Differential analysis of 33 TSPAN proteins revealed that a total of 11 proteins showed differential expression in 10% of independent analyses, namely TSPAN1, TSPAN3, TSPAN5, TSPAN6, TSPAN7, TSPAN8, TSPAN13, TSPAN25, TSPAN26, TSPAN29, TSPAN30 . TSPAN7 is the only four-transmembrane protein with reduced expression in three types of digestive tract tumors, so we chose TSPAN7 to be selected for cellular and molecular level verification. We found that compared with normal cells, the expression of TSPAN7 in liver cancer cells was significantly reduced, while the expression of gastric and colon cancer was not significantly different from that of normal cells. In addition, we also found that the high expression of Tspan7 not only inhibited the proliferation of HCC-LM3 cells, but also inhibited its invasion and metastasis. Conclusions Some members of the TSPAN family show significant expression differences between cancer and normal tissues, of which TSPAN7 may be a potential biomarker for liver cancer.
The prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among residents of south Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia: A community-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Legas Getasew , Mehretie Getnet , Asnakew Sintayehu , Belete Amsalu , Shumet Shegaye
Published: March 2020

Background: Common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms are a public health concern. It has physical health, psychological and economic consequences. These illness is an emerging issue in Ethiopia.Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among residents of south Gondar zone 2018.Methods: In this cross-sectional study,731 respondents were recruited for interrviews using a systematic random sampling technique.The self reporting questionnaire was used to assess common mental disorders. List of Threatening Experiences, and the Oslo social support instruments were used to assess the factors. We computed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to assess factors associated with common mental disorders. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05.Result: A total of 731 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 29.7% with (95% CI: 26.4-33.1).In the multivariate logistic regression,female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.47, 95% CI : 1.68, 3.62),poor social support( AOR =2.34, 95% CI:1.50, 3.64), family history of mental illness(AOR =2.15, 95% CI:1.32-3.51), current use of khat(AOR =1.69, 95% CI: 1 .07, 2.64) and tobacco(AOR=1.71, 95% CI:1.04-2.84), and rural residence(AOR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.01) were factors significantly associated with CMDs.Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be high. Female sex, current substance use (khat chewing (leaves) and tobacco smoking), unemployment, rural residence, family history mental illness, and poor social support were significantly associated with common mental disorder. Therefore; It is necessary to give emphasis to individuals with family history of mental illness, women, and history of mental illness.