bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of clearance on some rice cultivars quality
Authors: Aljibouri Mousa A. , Alwan Alsharifi Salih K. , Esmail Essam L.
Published: April 2021

The effect of clearance between cylinders in husking machine ( type) on maize cultivars of Jasmine (JA) and Mishkhab (MI-31) were tested during sheller at three clearance of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6mm. The experiments were carried out in a factorial experiment under complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the JA cultivar was significantly better than the MI-31in all studied conditions. The results showed a machine productivity, power required, husking efficiency, breakage percentage, cracked grain and head rice percentage 1.626 and 1.437 t.hr-1, 12.321 and 13.183 kW, 82.434% and 81.014%, 6.715 and 7.423%, 3.885 and 4.520% and 65.536% and 64.163% for AJ and MI-31, respectively. The clearance of 0.6 mm was significantly superior to the levels of 0.4 and 0.5mm in all studied conditions.
The Impact of Selenium, Nano (SiO2) and Organic Fertilization on growth and yield of Potato Solanum tuberosum L. under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Ali Nasek M. , Altaey Duraid K.A. , Altaee Nadia H.
Published: April 2021

The experiment was conducted in the desert area of the extension center of the Karbala governorate for the agricultural season 2019-2020 to study the effect of spraying selenium fertilizer, SiO2-NPs and organic fertilizers on growth and yield of potato plants under salt stress conditions, The experiment was carried out according to the split plot design of randomized complete block design (RCBD), The results of the study showed that irrigation water with salinity of 10 ds.m−1 caused a decrease in all the characteristics of vegetative growth and yield, while the water quality 5.9 ds.m−1 achieved the highest values in all the studied parameters, the results showed significant differences in the treatment combinations compared to control treatment, the treatment (corn cobs compost + Se) was achieved the highest results in all study parameters, which was significantly superior to most of the vegetative growth and yield characteristics.
Disadvantages of using Nano-particles as fertilizers in Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood
Published: April 2021

The agriculture around the world faced many difficulties and the important was to reduce inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase the total yield specially with the continuous grow of populations numbers at the world expected to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. In other hand there are other problems which make the challenges bigger such as wars, biotic and abiotic stress, and diseases. The scientists tried to find solutions by using Nano-fertilization which consider a modern way to quickly grow up the yield and decrease use the chemicals. The use of nanotechnology may be destructive on human and the environment due to fast accumulation in the tissues of alive bodies which obligate the researchers to find the correct method and doses of Nano fertilizers for the different plants beside the attempt to use fertilizer environment friendly with high efficiency on growth and yield. Many products of nanotechnology were used in agriculture as fertilizers, pesticides, and water purification and while these products use expand, we need to make our steps fast to be careful of the advantages use which may appears in the future on human health and his environments. In Iraq there is many of challenges faced plant production such as wars, migrations, pollutions, and salinity so a lot of farmers found that Nano-fertilizers are a good technique to reduce their loss while there are many studies cautioned of bad use of nanomaterials which its dangerous is bigger than chemicals due its ability to permeability and accumulations.
Effect of Nano and Regular Iron Spraying and Bio-fertilization on Growth of Local Lemon Transplants Citrus
limon L. Budded on Sour Orange
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Faris F. A. , Al-Aareji Jassim M. A. , Al-Taae Ali K.
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted on Local lemon (Citrus
limon L.) transplants budded on sour orang, one year old, by using Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications and four transplants for each experimental unit, First factor was foliar spray with nano iron in three concentrations (0, 15 and 30 mg.L−1), and chelated iron at a concentration of 30 mg. L−1, the transplants were sprayed with iron twice during the season, first was in the mid-March and the second spray was applied after one month of first spray, while the transplant of control treatment were sprayed with distilled water, the second factor was inoculation with Bacillus
subtilis and Trichoderma
harzianum separately, in addition to control treatment (without inoculation), as the inoculation with the bacterial and fungus suspension was carried out twice a season and according to the treatments, by adding 10 ml.transplant−1 in each addition, first was in the mid-March and the second was after three months of first treatment. Results indicated that foliar application of nano iron espacialy at a concentration of 30 mg.L−1significantly increased all studied parameters (increase in sction length, sction diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area and shoot dry matter) as compared with other treatments, the inoculation with T.
harzianum gave the highest values of increase in sction length, sction diameter and leaf area, while the inoculation with B.
subtilis gave the highest values of other parameters which included number of leaves, chlorophyll content and shoot dry matter. The interaction between iron and bi-fertilizers significantly effected on all studied characteristics, the interaction between nano iron at a concentration of 30 mg.L−1 with B. subtilis gave the highest values of increase in sction length and number of leaves, and with T. harzianum. gave the highest means of sction diameter, chlorophyll content, number of branches, leaf area and shoot dry matter.
The Effect of Nitroxin Application and Drought Stress on Growth and Yield of Two Persian and Iraqi Celery Populations
Authors: Dahham Ali Amer
Published: April 2021

To investigate the effect of drought stress and nitroxin biological fertilizer on two Iranian and Iraqi celery papulations, an experiment was designed and done in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016-2017. This three-full randomized factorial experiment was performed with three replications. The first factor is drought stress in three levels include: control (100% of field capacity), moderate stress (70% of field capacity) and severe stress (40% of field capacity), the second factor is using nitroxin in seed treatment in three concentrations of zero (control), 15 mM and 30 mM and the third factor is the cultivar type at two levels (Iranian celery mass, Iraqi celery mass). According to the results of this study, it was found that different studied cultivar type showed different responses. Use of drought stress in the plant in both type compared to the control treatment reduced the growth traits. In Iraqi celery papulation, use of nitroxin at 15 mM concentration and in Persian celery papulation, use of 30 mM nitroxin concentration had the greatest effect on growth traits such as: leaf area, height, plant dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content and plants Stomatal conductance. The fresh weight of the plant was strongly affected by drought stress and use of nitroxin at different levels of drought stress prevented from the significant reduction in fresh weight of the plant in both Iranian and Iraqi celery papulation.
Effect of biofertilizers and animal manure on morphophysiological characteristics and amount of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil under drought stress conditions
Authors: Kadhim Aws Jawad
Published: April 2021

To investigate the effect of animal manure and nitroxin application on drought-affected coriander, an experiment was designed and conducted in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. This experiment was performed as a three-factor full factorial design with three replications. The first factor includes the type of manure (0, 5, and 10 tons per hectare), the second factor is nitroxin biofertilizer (0, 0.5, and 1) and the third factor was drought stress at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity). The results showed that drought stress was reduced the fresh and dry plant weight, fresh and dry weight of roots, plant height, Stem length, leaf comparative juice content and leaf chlorophyll content compared to the controlled. Some measured traits such as sugar, phenol, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield increased due to drought stress compared to the control. In most traits, usage of animal manure under drought stress conditions improved the adverse effects of drought stress on coriander. Also, Nitroxin biofertilizer could improve the yield of coriander under drought stress. Besides, the simultaneous use of biofertilizer and nitroxin was effective in improving the measured traits in the plant. Animal manure and nitroxin biofertilizer were able to improve most of the morphological and physiological traits measured in coriander under stress conditions and cause better plant growth in these conditions. It seems that the use of this animal manure (10 tons per hectare) and nitroxin (1 mM) in drought stress conditions have a significant effect on plant growth and have the ability to balance stress conditions and even overcome them.
The efficiency of interaction between cytokines and Auxins in Micropropagation of Chrysanthemum plant (Chrysanthemum indicum L.)
Authors: Alsoufi Abdulwadood S.M. , Ahmed Ziyad Shihab , Salim Aysar M.
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory at the College of Science / Tikrit University, with the aim of micropropagation of the Chrysanthemum plant and determining the optimal concentration of the growth regulators used, In this study, a single nodes cutting from the shoots of Chrysanthemum indicum L. was used and the growth regulator (kinetin) Kin with concentrations (0.0-4.0) mg.L−1 time alone and again with the interaction (Indol-3-butyric acid) IBA at concentrations (0.0-0.6 ) mg.L−1, The results showed that the interaction between the concentrations of Kin and IBA had a higher significant effect than the use of Kin alone, Where the average of vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum plant increased as the average number of shoots, shoot length and number of leaves amounted to 7.2 shoot.plant−1, 5.27 cm and 17.0 leaf.plant−1 when added 4 mg.L−1 of Kin with 0.6 mg.L−1 of IBA to Murashige and skoog medium (MS) after being 3.3 shoot.explant−1, 3.81 cm and 5.3 leaf.shoot−1 respectively when 4 mg L-1 of Kin has added alone to MS medium, As for the rooting experiments, in which the average MS was used with the full strength of the salts and half the strength of the salts containing different concentrations of IBA growth regulator (0.0-2.0) mg.L−1 for rooting the shoots resulting from the multiplication experiments. The MS medium half the salt strength excelled and giving the highest average of rooting percentage, average number of roots and average root length of 90%, 12.5 root.explant−1 and 3.5 cm respectively when adding 1 mg.L −1 IBA to the medium.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE STEMS OF SOME WILD SPECIES OF POACEAE FAMILY IN THE WESTERN DESERT
Authors: Mousa Mohammed Othman , Abood Nihad Mohammed , Shahatha Suad Shallal , Najeeb Alawadi Hussam F.
Published: April 2021

The research included anatomical study of cross sections of stems of eight species belonging to six genera, namely Aristida adscensionis, Avena barbata, Avena fatua, Eragrostis cilinensis, Polypogon monseplinsis, Schismus arabicus, Setaria glauca, Setaria verticillata from plants of the Poaceae family growing in the Western Desert of Iraq. The results showed that the quantitative and qualitative characteristics have greatly contributed to isolating the species depending on the cross-sectional diameter of the stem, which ranged between 1112-2185 μm. The sections also varied in terms of the presence of the core region (soild section) or the absence of it (hollow section). As for the sclerenchymal tissue, its cell numbers ranged between 2-9 rows, as well as the variation in thickness of this tissue between species. The same is the case with the Parenchyma tissue, which differed greatly between the types in terms of thickness and the type of tissue, which ranged between the ordinary Parenchymal tissue and the Chlorenchyma tissue, as well as the variation in the nature of the tissue between the regular annular and semi-annular or in the form of small, medium or large clusters. Most types contained two or three rows of bundels except for Avena barbata and Avena fatua, which contained only one row. The number of vascular bundles varied greatly between species, as well as their different in sizes and the different diameter of a single vessel.
Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Calyx Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Grown under Field Conditions
Authors: Ali Evan A. H. M. , Alhasan Ali Sabah , Najeeb Hussam Fahem , Al-Ameri Dalal Tareq
Published: April 2021

Assessments of growth, calyx yield and nutritional composition of roselle can help farmers in Iraq to determine which cultivars are the best for commercialization. The field experiment has been done on two roselle cultivars (red and white) during summer of 2019 in a private farm that belongs to a farmer in Al-Saniyah county, Al-Diwaniyah, Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq, to investigate the impact of applying various rates of N fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N/ha) on some agronomic traits and calyx yield. The results exhibited that there were significant differences in the rate of Nitorgen and applying N fertilizer has increased the vegetative growth and yield. Significant differences have been also reported in different agronomic traits between the cultivars and the white cultivar showed the best. The red cultivar of roselle showed the better in yield and yield components than the white cultivar grown in Iraq. it can be concluded that applying of nitrogen fertilizer had a pronounced beneficial influenced on the red roselle cultivar.
Influence of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum and Tri-calcium phosphate on hydroponically-grown barley grains
Authors: Ali Abbas Fadhil , Suhail Faris M. , Salim Hussein Ali , Abed Asmaa Hussein
Published: April 2021

This study investigated to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum and Tri-calcium phosphate on sprouted barley grains under hydroponic culture conditions. The results showed that increase of a total weight of sprouted barley grains in treatments of A. chroococcum 257.3 g, Tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) 255.6 g and A. brasilense 254.3 g, whereas T. harzianum + TCP, A. brasilense + TCP and TCP recorded highest height of sprouted barley 25.8, 25.7 and 25.6 cm respectively, the protein ratio in the roots of sprouted barley was increased in A. chroococcum 19.8% followed by T. harzianum 18.4%, while the protein ratio in the vegetative portion was increased in T. harzianum + TCP, A. brasilense + TCP, A. chroococcum and A. chroococcum + TCP which reached 36.4, 32.7, 32.5 and 31.0 % respectively.
Effect of chemical and organic fertilization and Aztobacter chorocoocum inoculation on the bacterial biomass and yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Dahham Ali Amer , Arbi Hatem Nahi , Mohamed Meyada Jassim , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul
Published: April 2021

The tomato crop (Bride of Spring) 2019 was planted in a field within the Thurima project Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, and the mineral NPK fertilizer was used in three levels, organic fertilizer (composed poultry) with three levels and a biological fertilizer consisting of Aztobacter chorocoocum bacteria after that. Isolation and diagnosis of it on two levels. The results of the treatment of half the recommendation of compost in combination with the third level of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer gave results that do not differ significantly from the treatment of the recommendation of the full fertilizer in the above triple interaction in soil characteristics and plants (Total Bactiria, The productivity of one plant) This indicates the importance of the role of organic fertilizer Bio-reduction in mineral fertilizers.
Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilization and Aztobacter Chorocoocum inoculation in IAA Acid and Growth plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Arbi Hatem Nahi , Dahham Ali Amer , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul
Published: April 2021

This study was executed for the spring tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) for the year 2019 in a field within the Thuraya project-Qadisiyah Governorate, Mineral fertilizer NPK was used with three levels, organic fertilizer (composed poultry) with three levels, and a biological fertilizer consisting of Aztobacter chorocoocum bacteria after Than isolating and diagnosing them. The results of the treatment of half of the fertilizer recommendation in combination with the third level of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer gave results that do not differ significantly from the treatment of the full fertilizer recommendation in the above triple interference in soil and plant characteristics (IAA, average plant height), and this indicates the importance of the role of organic and biological fertilizers in Minimize mineral fertilizers.
The phenomenon of desertification and its effects on reducing agricultural areas in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Abboud Al-Tafili A.P. Houdoud Mohammed , Awwad Al-Jassani P.D. Nisreen
Published: April 2021

Desertification is an environmental phenomenon and it is a clear reflection of the conditions of climate and irrigation drought and it is a widespread phenomenon in Babel Governorate and many governorates in Iraq and what contributes to the expansion of the desertification region is the scraping of orchards and trees inside cities which strip these cities of their greenness beauty and purity of their air which It exposes its environment to various risks not the least of which is the imbalance in the environment and the loss of productive lands, and this is very important in carrying large financial burdens represented by the costs of connecting electric energy services potable water and municipal services, with the accompanying provision of these services in light of the government deficit.

It from violating the laws but rather extends to the recovery of corruption and corrupt people in the process of seducing citizens as it turns into residential neighborhoods that cannot be legally connected to these services. There is no doubt that the phenomenon of desertification in the province of Babel exacerbated for several reasons the foremost of which was the decrease in water levels from neighboring countries that despite their economic relations are in their interest but they do not give Iraq its water share fairly as Iran worked to build dams on the rivers and tributaries linking the two countries and formed A decrease “in the amount of water entering Iraq by ( 80 % ) in addition to the successive dry seasons for decades in addition to the decrease in the efficiency of the watering process due to the aging of water pumps and the failure to introduce technology in this process and these factors as a whole have increased the proportion of lands exposed to desertification to ( 74 % ) of the space group.

The total allocated to agriculture. The study in this research dealt with three topics included the first topic presented the research problem the research hypothesis the limits of the research area the goals of the research and some concepts about desertification ad the second topic included natural factors that contribute to the spread of desertification and the third topic human factors and the agricultural situation in the province and methods of combating desertification Then proposals recommendations and sources. The research included a set of maps tables and pictures that illustrate some of the effects of desertification in the province.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Methods with Nano Technology on Water Consumption Rate for Yellow Corn Crop and the Water Unit Efficiency in One Plowed and One Unplowed Soil
Authors: Hussein El-Shaabani Ehab Mohammed , AL-Obeid Abdilwahab Khdeir
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was conducted in Habbaniyah sub-district / Khalidiya district / Anbar province, western Iraq, in silty loam soil during the autumn season 2020 to study the effect of surface, subsurface drip and nanotechnology irrigation on water consumption and the efficiency of water use in plowed and non-plowed soil. Irrigation was performed upon depletion of 50% of the available water. The treatments were distributed according to the Nested-Factorial Experiments Design with three replications. Corn ( Furat class) was planted, on 15/7/2020. The American evaporation basin used Class A for irrigation. The rate of water consumption was calculated in equivalent to the depth of the added water, total yield, and water use efficiency. The results showed an increase in water consumption in the surface drip irrigation which reached 748.75 and 604.80 mm. plant−1 in plowing and no cultivation, respectively, while significant decrease in perfusion irrigation to 521.50 mm.plant−1 in both of plowing and no tillage. The total yield exceeded in sprinkling irrigation, which reached 10.91 and 12.49 tons.hectare−1, while the values of the same characteristic decreased to 7.96 and 7.11 tons hectares−1 in surface drip irrigation of the plowed and non-plowed soils, respectively. Also, the values of water use efficiency in perfusion irrigation were exceeded, and they were 2.09 and 2.39 kg.m3, while the lowest values were 1.06 and 1.17 kg.m3 in surface drip irrigation in plowing and no-till, respectively.
Pollution of Water with Lead and Cadmium by the Effect of Adding Cities Waste in Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq
Authors: Jarallah Raid Shaalan , Al Husseini Huda Mahdi Haraj
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to know the effect of adding sewage and industrial water on the concentration of Lead and Cadmium elements in river water during different seasons of the year in Al-Diwaniyah province / Iraq, Water samples were collected in 1 L water bottles with three replicates for all location and during four seasons: summer (July) 2019, autumn (October) 2019, winter (January) 2020, and spring (April) 2020 with three seasons. location : The first location was located at the entrance to the city of Al-Diwaniyah (Al-suniyah), Which represents the control treatment where it takes place before the various pollution ports that flow into the river (such as sewage, hospital waste, factory waste, sewage … etc.), the second location in the city center (Rifaat neighborhood) and the third location in the Sudair area, which represents the last location of the city of Al-Diwaniyah after the end of all estuaries and sources of pollution. The results of the study found that the concentration of Lead and Cadmium in the river’s water increased with an increase in its slope from the first location to the third location for both elements (Lead and cadmium), That their concentration increased with the increase in the addition of residues, and the highest pollution concentration was in the summer, The Lead concentration was 0.1303 μg.L−1, In the third location and the lowest concentration in the winter season, it reached 0.0033 μg.L−1 in the first location, while the highest concentration of Cadmium in the summer season was 0.05533 μg.L−1 in the third location and the lowest concentration in the winter and spring seasons was 0.00 in the first location, This indicates an increase in the concentration of the two elements in the river water and (As it affects humans and different neighborhoods), which causes health and toxic damage according to the type of element and the type of this organism on the one hand, and the elemental pollution is affected according to the seasons of the year in terms of uses and waste added, as well as the quantities of water contained in the river on the other hand.
Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Silica Fertilization and Spraying with Nano-Potassium and Calcium
Authors: Al-Shahmani A. M. K. , Al-Juthery H. W. A.
Published: April 2021

In order to assess the response of rice (cv. Anber 33) to silica fertilization and spraying with nano-potassium and calcium in some indicators of growth and yield of the plant, a field study was conducted in Al-Talea’a Township (district of 41-Al-Husseiniyah, south of Hilla City) / Babylon Governorate / Iraq for the period from 15/6/2020 until 19/11/2020.

The experiment was carried out according to the split-plot design, and the parameters were distributed according to the arrangement of Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), where the levels of silica fertilizer were the main plot and the concentrations of the nano fertilizers were the subplot. The number of treatments became 16 treatment, with three replications per treatment. The first factor represented by silica fertilizer consisted of four levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1, while the second factor represented by spraying nano fertilizers consisted of four treatments: control, nano-K, nano-Ca, nano-(K + Ca). Results showed that fertilizing by silica at a level of 300 kg ha−1 recorded the highest means of chlorophyll content (39.59 SPAD), plant height (143.67 cm), weight of 1000 grains (21.04 g), grains yield (5.76 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (30.96 %). Also, the spraying by nano (K + Ca) achieved the highest means of chlorophyll content (39.71 SPAD), plant height (142.84 cm), weight of 1000 grains (20.92 g), grains yield (5.52 Mg ha−1), biological yield (99.18 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (29.04 %). The interaction between fertilization with silica and spraying by nano (K + Ca) achieved the highest means of growth and yield indicators for rice plants when treated with silica (300 kg ha−1) and spraying by nano (K + Ca), it’s reached the chlorophyll content (41.17 SPAD) and plant height (146.60 cm), weight of 1000 grains (21.40 g), grain yield (6.14 Mg ha−1), biological yield (19.20 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (32.00%) against the lowest means of growth and yield indicators recorded in control plants, it’s reached the chlorophyll content (36.87 SPAD), plant height (133.19 cm), weight of 1000 grains (19.70 g), grains yield (4.25 Mg ha−1), biological yield (16.87 Mg ha−1) and harvest index (25.19%).
The Effect of Biological Inoculation of Azotobacter chrococcum and Glomus mosseae on Growth and Yield of Zea mays L. under Different Levels of Water Stress
Authors: Shuppar Tabarak Rahim , Kamal Jawad Abdl-Kadhim
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation with the bacteria Azotobacter chrococcum and the fungus Glomus mosseae on the growth and yield of Zea mays L. variety (Baghdad 3) under different levels of water stress. The field trial was conducted in the fall season of 2020 in Diwaniyah Governorate-Afak county fields. The experiment was designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) design with three replications. The treatments were distributed randomly. Three levels of irrigation were used in the experiment, namely (I4) irrigation every four days, (I7) irrigation every seven days, (I10) irrigation every ten days, and inoculation levels. Biological inoculation with the bacteria at two different levels (B1) inoculation with bacteria A-chrococcum, (B0) without inoculation. Fungal inoculation with G-mosseae at two inoculation levels (F1) and without inoculation with (F0). In addition to the overlapping treatment between fungus and (B1F1) bacteria. The treatments’ means were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) test at a probability level of 5%. The results present that the treatments inoculated with fungi or bacteria, or both, and for a seven-day irrigation period, significantly increased the values of the traits of (dry weight of the root mass, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and total yield). The highest means values were (5739) g.Plant−1, (18.04) cm2.plant−1, (58.93) SPAD, and (9.104) tons.ha−1, respectively, compared to the treatments (no application + irrigation every ten days) that gave (13.75) g.Plant−1, (2539) cm2.plant−1, (3.921) SPAD, and (29.07) tons.ha−1.
A risk of the effluents of Diyala River on some ecological and physiological for Qattan Barbus xanthopterus at Tigris River middle of Iraq
Authors: Abbas Luay Mohammed , Attee Raaed Sami , Alsalam Mohamed Abd Alkhder Abd
Published: April 2021

The effect of the confluence of the Diyala River and the Tigris river on the life of the Barbus
xanthopterus was studied. Two sites were selected for the study, water and fish samples were collected monthly for the period from July 2017 to January 2018. Some of the physical and chemical properties of the water were measured, water temperature ranged between 8.6 ° C to 31.3 ° C, dissolved oxygen between 2.3 to 10.2 mg / liter, the pH between 6.9 to 5.5 to 7.6, the salinity of the water ranged between 0.3 to 1 g / liter and turbidity was18.9 to 57.3 brownish naphthalene units. The oxygen biological requirement for water was between 0.6 to 15.2 mg / liter. Forty two specimens of Qattan Barbus
xanthopterus were cached, with total length from 22.63 to 40.46 cm and total weight from 117.8 to 1070.3 g. The average age was from 1 to 7 years old. The blood characteristics were measured, and the range of the red blood cells RBC ranged between 1.3 to 5.8 cells x 106/mm3 and for white blood cells WBC between 7.7 to 16.2 cells x 103 / mm3 and the PCV ranged between 17.4 to 29.8% and the Hb blood hemoglobin was between 6 to 9.9 g / dL. Some liver enzymes were also measured in the blood, and their concentration of GOT (AST), GPT (ALT) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ranged 38.0 to 875.9 U / L, 1.6 to 26.4 U / L, 9.4 To 83.7 U / L and 1051.8 U / L respectively. The current results conclude that there are clear influences of the Diyala estuary at the Tigris River in the second site, and consequently, tangible effects have appeared on the environment and some biological and physiological characteristics of the fish of the current study.
IAA production by Pseudomonas putida associated with rhizosphere of some medicine plants
Authors: AL-Habib Amal Abdul S.
Published: April 2021

The present study was carried out in the green house / department of Environmental science / college of Energy and Environment Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad. During 2019-2020 under natural environmental conditions in greenhouse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the rhizosphere soil of two medicine plants including, Watercress (Eruca sativa) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) plants, to evaluate the effectiveness of the soil surrounding the roots of the tested plants in stimulating rooting growth. Red hibiscus, Alternanthera purple, chrysanthemum, Rosemary and garden mint were planted in rhizosphere soil of the two medicine plants. The results indicated that parsley rhizosphere soil gave the highest values in rooting and seeds germination for the test plants than the Watercress, the results indicated the presence of pseudomonas putida and IAA hormone in the roots rhizosphere soil of the tested plants.
Study of the Some Heavy Metals Residues in the Camel Meat in different regions of Kirkuk governorate during the spring and Summer Seasons
Authors: Ahmed Al-perkhdri Adnan Shakor
Published: April 2021

For the purpose of searching for levels of some heavy contamination in muscle, liver and kidney meat for Camel in Kirkuk governorate in spring and summer seasons, samples were collected randomly from males (aged 4-5 years) from three reigns of Kirkuk governorate (Kirkuk center, Shwan and Laylan) During the March and April (spring season) and May and July months of (summer season) in 2020. There was a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the factors (meat type, location and season) in the concentration of lead, Kidney meat in the Kirkuk center in the spring season recorded the highest concentration of lead and significant difference (8.008 ppm) The lowest concentration (2.211 ppm) was found in Liver in Spring. The highest concentration level of cadmium in muscle in summer season from Kirkuk center (4.191 ppm) in muscle, and lowers Concentration of cadmium (2.961 ppm) recorded in kidney from Laylan in summer season. The concentration of zinc in the Liver at the Kirkuk center in the summer season was the highest concentration (138.221 ppm), while the Kidney in the spring season from Kirkuk center recorded the lowest concentration (28.347 ppm). For Copper the liver in the Kirkuk center in the spring season had the highest concentration (26.754 ppm), while the Liver from the Kirkuk center at summer was recorded lowest concentration (4.663 ppm). For Cobalt, in spring season in Kirkuk, the Muscle recorded the highest concentration of cobalt (8.194 ppm) in summer, while the lowest concentration was recorded in Kidney the spring season from Kirkuk center (1.913 ppm). All types of metals recorded levels higher than the internationally accepted limits.
Studying and diagnosing the heavy and light sand Minerals for some of the soils in southern and northern Iraq
Authors: Al Baghdady Saraa Noori Shaker , Sagban Alabadi Luma Abdalalah
Published: April 2021

A study and diagnosis of heavy and light sand minerals were conducted for some soils in southern and northern Iraq, as the soils in southern Iraq from Maysan Governorate were represented in four regions and included soils (Ali Al-Gharbi, Al-Batira, Al-Maymouna, Al-Tayyib). And four areas of the soils of northern Iraq from the governorate of Erbil and included soils (Shaqlawa, Salah El-Din area, Kori, and Harir), as the surface depths (0-30) cm were chosen for all the soils studied. The results showed the predominance of quartz minerals in all soils of the study within the light part of light sand minerals and attributed the dominance to their resistance to weathering in addition to being inherited from the original material while the dominance of the opaque minerals and all the studied soils appeared within the heavy fraction of sand minerals, the sovereignty was attributed to the nature of the sediments, their source, and the severity of the weathering process that affected them. The results also showed the similarity in the mineral composition with the difference in the proportions of their distribution. This difference in the relative distribution is due to the effect of sedimentation processes. Which is a reflection of the variation in the physiographic sites and its effect on the mineral content of the sediments, and because the soil samples are located within the flood plains that were formed by floods occurring in the river basins, which reflected the difference in the relative distribution of sand minerals for the soils of Erbil Governorate, as they are outside the range of riverine operations which It is attributed to the nature of the topography and geography of the land in northern Iraq that differs from its south.
The effect of fasting and early feeding after hatching with the nutritional supplement Gel 95 and the Safmannan prebiotic gel and the mixture between them on the productive performance of broiler chicks
Authors: Nasser Al-Huwaizi Hawra Jehad , Areaare Ammar Hussain
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Animal Production Department at the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kufa, for a period from November 15 to December 20, 2019, and for a period of 5 weeks, 300 unsexed broiler chicks from Ross 308 hybrids were used in this study, After chick removed from the hatching machines then divided in to 5 treatments (60 chicks per treatment) and by three replications (each replicate 20 chicks) and the treatment were as follows: (T1): (Control) The chicks were fasted for 12 hours, [ (T2): 1gram was provided From Gel 95, (T3): Provide chicks with 1gram of Safmannan prebiotic Gel, (T4): Provide chicks with mixture of 1/2gram (Gel 95+ Safmannan), (T5): the chicks was provided with a mixture of 1 gram (Gel 95 + Safmannan)] per chick and after dividing the chicks in to treatments, the gel was distributed on the floor of the cage in the hatchery for 12 hours and then chicks were transferred to the breeding room and after 12 hours, feed and water were provided For chicks, the results of the statistical analysis showed a significant improvement at the level of (p < 0.05) for the T4 treatment birds compared with the control group at the live body weight rate and the total weight gain at the fifth week, and there was a significant decrease in the feed consumption rate and the feed conversion rate at the second week of the chicks’s life, and there was a significant deterioration in the total feed conversion rate for the chicks of the control group compared to all experience treatments.
Measure the efficiency of the reference in a Isdera
Authors: Ahmed Fartm Zuhair Farooq , Salih Muhanad Hamed
Published: April 2021

The research study focused on measuring turbidity in a section of the Tigris River that passes in the left coast from the Sherqat district and assessing the efficiency of both the sedimentation and filtration processes in addition to the overall efficiency of removing turbidity. The results of the research for the current study showed that the turbidity values of the raw Tigris River ranged between (65-6) NTU, and the lowest degree of turbidity was recorded in October of 2019 due to the low level of the river and the lack of swimming in the river and the lack of rain and that the highest value of turbidity was recorded in April of the same year as a result of the high level of the river due to the flooding of the Tigris River, which carried with it A large amount of clay, colloids, and rain. And that the efficiency of the sedimentation unit was fluctuating from month to month and in general the efficiency was low in most months as it ranged between (13.33-48.71%) and the efficiency of the filtration process was also fluctuating from month to month and less than the efficiency of the precipitation process as it ranged between (6.66-44.44%) while The overall efficiency of the project ranged between (31.66-69.23%).
Intelligent, Nano-fertilizers: A New Technology for Improvement Nutrient Use Efficiency (Article Review)
Authors: Al-Juthery Hayyawi W.A. , Lahmod Nabil Raheem , Al-Taee Rand A.H.G
Published: April 2021

Nano fertilizers are essential resources in agriculture in order to increase crop production, quality, productivity, and boost nutrient uptake. Nano-fertilizer is efficient for specific use of nutrients at appropriate time of plant growth and can provide nutrients as a whole with the crop. Growing crops with heavier fertilizer concentrations further increases may be limiting to crop growth due to nutrient toxicity. Nano-fertilizers provide more area for photosynthesis, leading to more sunlight absorption and greater yields of the crop. It will help plants survive challenging environmental factors such as drought. Limitations in agricultural land and water supplies can improve production land and water use productivity through the use of new technologies. Nanotechnology has the potential of transforming both personal use and development. Nanostructured formulations may also be developed in order to deliver active ingredients in response to environmental cues and biological demands more properly. The principle of fertilizer use is known to use less resource and to be free from chemical side effects. Nanotechnology has enormous potential to contribute significantly to sustainable agricultural production, particularly in developing countries.
Increasing Urban Heat Island area in Jakarta and it’s relation to land use changes
Authors: Putra C D , Ramadhani A , Fatimah E
Published: April 2021

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs in almost all metropolitan cities in the world. The UHI phenomenon also occurs in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, a metropolitan city with an area of 662 km2, 12 million inhabitants, and an average population density of 16,000 per km2. Previous research shows the area of UHI, areas with temperatures> 300, in Jakarta in 1989 reached 84.53 km2 or 0.1 % of the total area. Based on these facts, the aim of this study is to identify changes in the area of UHI areas from 2008 to 2018 and their relation to land use changes. Temperature data used in this study are from Landsat satellite images in 2008, 2013 and 2018, while the land use data used are from National Geospatial Information Agency. Similar to the previous research, the operational definition of UHI used in this study is that UHI is the area with surface temperature > 300. The method used is spatial analysis and comparison method. The results showed that the area of UHI in Jakarta had increased. The areas of UHI Jakarta were 36.5%, 84.7%, and 85.2% of the total areas respectively in 2008, 2013 and 2018. The increases of UHI’s area were in line with the increases of the built areas that respectively 79.2%, 82.9% and 85.2%. Land use for housing, commercial and services, industry and warehousing and transportation facilities seem to be more significantly affecting the increases of UHI area rather other land uses.
The analysis of strength for lightweight concrete brick with adding solid crude palm oil
Authors: Hamidi A , Haniza S , Yudi A
Published: April 2021

The use of lightweight brick as a wall of a building is one alternative to be able to reduce the weight of a building. The lightweight brick used is a combination of cement, sand, water, and other materials that can make the brick lighter. Along with the development of the era of light brick making, it was developed by combining with the material in the form of waste. One waste that can be used is solid for oil palm. Solid is silt from the rest of the process of making palm oil. This solid existence if not utilized properly will become an environmental problem and also affect the health conditions of people around them. The texture of the solid is like the ground when it is dried in an oven and can be fused with mortar and water in a lightweight brick. The use of solid as additional stirring material in lightweight bricks is with variations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% by weight of cement. The use of solids on a lightweight brick mortar can give a compressive strength of 0.545 MPa for a variation of 0%; 0.415 MPa for variations of 0.5%; 0.915 MPa for variations of 1%; 1.985 MPa for variations of 1.5%; 0.879 MPa for 2% variation and 0.813 MPa for 2.5% variation, and the optimal variation is 1% variation with compressive strength of 1.985 MPa.
Visual therapy through the application of plants and design elements in landscape
Authors: Krisantia I , Faris S , Sazwani S
Published: April 2021

This paper will explore how visual therapy can help to reduce stress through the use of plants and appropriate design elements. Urban residents in general are experiencing mental stress due to life pressure. With limited usage of the green spaces, the visual landscape has become more significant in how parks can be enjoyed by users while maintaining safe social distancing. One of the functions of using plants in landscape design is as visual therapy to tackle the mental stress problems. Other than plants, applications of basic design elements may help to contribute to the positive properties of the visual landscape. Literature review was used to cover the subject of visual therapy in the landscape. The results have shown that: i-‘visual natural element’ gives a positive impression of the soul and creates a feeling of calmness, ii-visual characteristics of the plant such as form, colour and texture contributed to the effect of therapy in the landscape. The results from this study may help to highlight the importance of landscape as a form of visual therapy after Covid-19 and the highlighted characteristics of the plants and design elements may present opportunities for landscape architects to help build more usable green spaces and cities.
Performance testing of Darrieus turbine in hydrokinetic power plant model
Authors: Permatasari R , Hidayat L F , Permana F M
Published: April 2021

Darrieus Turbine is a type of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine that is often used in hydroelectric power plant. This research aims to performance test of Darrieus Water Turbine in hydro power plant experimentally. Darrieus Turbines uses blades with type NACA 0018 and Polylactic Acid material. In performance test of the Darrieus Turbine, 5 variations of fluid flow velocity are: 0.77 m/s, 0.89 m/s, 0.99 m/s, 1.17 m/s, and 1.25 m/s are used. Also the test uses variations in the number of turbine blades are: 2 pieces, 3 pieces and 4 pieces with 0º, 10º, and 15º angle of attack. The test results obtained the highest rotation at 195.17 rpm with a turbine mounted 2 blades and an angle of attack 0˚, the power generated at the rotation is 0.18 Watt. But the optimal power was obtained 0.1 Watt for 4 blades turbine, because the turbine could to do self-starting at fluids velocity 0.77 m/s for all angle of attack. The optimum result was produced by 4 blades turbine, because the turbine could do self-start at 0.77 m/s water velocity either at 0º, 10º, or 15º. The optimum power was produced by 4 blade turbine, which was 0.1 Watt.
Research tower composter bioactivator using buffalo dung
Authors: Anwar D , Sitorus K , Lumbangaol R , Nainggolan E
Published: April 2021

Buffalo dung is buffalo digestive waste, which can cause problems for the environment and health. The buffalo dung waste contains macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and water which have the potential as bioactivator for the composting process. The composting process using bioactivator from buffalo dung is an alternative utilization of buffalo dung solid waste. This study aims to show the potential of buffalo dung solid waste as a bioactivator in the composting process of organic waste and to obtain degradation data of composting organic waste using bioactivator from buffalo dung. The variables observed in this study were pH, TS, TSS, and Moisture Content. This research was started from making bioactivator from buffalo dung, then continued the composting process by putting organic waste into the tower composter while adding bioactivator until the water content reached 55-65%. Results the study found that the pH, TS, and TSS values in the manufacture of liquid fertilizer from buffalo dung were 4.28; 17.68 ppm and 6.9 ppm. Composting carried out for 20 days showed that the bioactivator of buffalo dung was able to influence the composting process, namely moisture content 50.23%.