bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender differences and age of diagnosis in ADHD
Authors: Almagor D. , Joseph L.W. , Ansari R. , Subramaniam S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Female patients tend to be more often diagnosed with ADHD inattentive subtype. Many of these females deny an earlier childhood history of hyperactivity or disruptive behaviours and hence may have been clinically overlooked in childhood, while their male counterparts may have presented with ADHD combined subtype which tends to be more easily identified and diagnosed.

Objectives

Participants will learn about gender differences in ADHD diagnosis and epidemiology.

Aims

To examine gender differences in the age of first diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical population.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 118 males and 61 females (ages 17–69). Each patient was evaluated and diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist. Clinical measures (administered by a trained psychometrist) included the CAARS (self and observer versions), BRIEF (self and informant versions), CAADID (history and structured interview), ASRS, CPT, Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventories. Patients were referred by family physicians to a large out-patient metropolitan psychiatry program specializing in ADHD. Information regarding childhood diagnosis was collected retrospectively during the clinical interview.

Results

In this study the mean age of diagnosis (ADHD) for males was 31.2 years versus 32.1 for females. Neither t-test (p = 0.44) nor non-parametric testing using Mann-Whitney U Test (p = 0.67) showed any statistical differences between the two groups.

Conclusions

In the present study there were no difference in the mean age of first diagnosis between male and female subjects. In the present study Further studies are needed to clarify this question. Selection factor may have been a factor in these results.
Assessing distractibility by eye movements in a binocular rivalry task
Authors: Amador Campos J.A. , Aznar Casanova A. , Ortiz Guerra J.J. , Medina Peña A. , Solarte Hurtado S.C. , Luna Sánchez A. , Illa Girona J. , Bernat Martorell M.D.M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder, characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of overactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Measuring inattention is a controversial question in ADHD diagnosis. Eye movement could provide a method to assess distractibility. Several studies have related visual attention and perceptual dominance in binocular rivalry.

Objectives

To assess visual attention through the measurement of fixations in a binocular rivalry task in ADHD children and control groups.

Aims

We proposed a task for the assessment of distractibility and to enhance the diagnosis of attention disorders.

Methods

Forty children, 20 with ADHD-combined type and 20 controls, matched by gender, age and intelligence, were tested with a binocular rivalry task (i.e. an anaglyph image) with an exogenous distractor appearing regularly. The stimulus was divided in four Areas of Interest (AOI). Measurements of duration of the periods of exclusive dominance, perceptual alternations in dominance / suppression and fixations were taken by an eye tracker and a response box. Analysis of Variance was used to test differences between ADHD and control groups.

Results

Significant differences between ADHD and control groups were found in dwells at the main AOI. Also, significant differences between groups in “Fixation over alternations ratio” were found.

Conclusions

ADHD participants looked at the relevant region (AOI_1) for a shorter time than the control group; they also looked at the no demanded regions (AOI_2, AOI_3, AOI_4) longer than the control group. Moreover, the ratio fixations/alternations were greater for the control group than the ADHD group.
Memory impairments and its interaction with environmental factors in children aged 6 to 8 years living in gharb plain (N-w of Morocco)
Authors: Azzaoui F.-Z. , Hami H. , Ahami A.O.T.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The “Gharb” plain (area of our study) localized in the North-West of Morocco is one of the most important agricultural and industrial regions of the Kingdom. Unfortunately, it suffered from the increase of different polluting human activities which expose the population, especially children, to serious neurobehavioral problems.

Objective and aims

Evaluation of the short term memory and working memory in urban, periurban and rural schooled children (aged 6 to 8 years) living in Gharb plain and studying the relationship between the performance in this test and the quality of environment.

Methods

Memory Sub-test of WISC III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and questionnaire about some environmental conditions.

Results

The obtained results had shown that 3,64% periurban children and 3,03% rural children suffer from short memory impairments and no impairments in urban children were registered. For working memory, 21,05%, 47,06% and 66,67% of impairments were found in urban, periurban and rural children respectively.Moreover, a significant correlations between the performances of short term memory and building materials (p < 0.05), source of pollution near the school (p < 0.05), and consumption of well water (p < 0.001) were registered.

Conclusions

The memory impairments recorded in these children appeared in connection with environmental factors, but a deeper investigation is needed for studying all these factors, in addition to others (psychological, socio-economical, and nutritional) ones.
Suicide behavior and subthreshold psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents
Authors: Balazs J. , Dallos G. , Kereszteny A. , Gadoros J.
Published: May 2011

Objective

Suicide among adults have been associated to subthreshold psychiatric illnesses as well; however it is little known about the role of subthreshold mental disorders in suicide risk among children/adolescents.

Methods

Using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid the authors examined 105 hospitalized children/adolescents in the Vadaskert Child Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest. Current suicide behavior was defined as giving positive answer to any of the following questions: “In the past month did you: think you would be better off dead or wish you were dead? want to hurt yourself? think about killing yourself? attempt suicide?”

Results

We report data on 105 hospitalized children/adolescents, 76 (72.4%) boys and 29 (27.6%) girls. The mean age of the subjects was 11.4 years (SD = 3.43, min: 5, max: 17). Current suicide behavior was present in 18 cases (17.1%). There were one person with current suicide behavior, who did not have any current DSM-IV disorder, but he/she had current subthreshold disorder. The majority (n = 16, 88.8%) of the children/adolescents with suicide behavior had both current subthreshold and DSM-IV disorders. Eight children/adolescents (44.4%) with current suicide behavior had current DSM-IV major depressive episode and further 5 children/adolescents (27,8%) had current subthreshold major depressive episode. The prevalence of DSM-IV and subthreshold major depressive episode was significantly higher among hospitalized children with suicide behavior (n = 18), than among hospitalized children without suicide behavior (n = 87) (X2 = 5,272, df = 1. p = 0,022).

Conclusions

Subthreshold forms of pediatric psychiatric disorders need to be taken into account as well in suicide prevention.
Child and adolescent psychiatry training in Europe: Views of trainee representatives for 2009 – 2010 to the European federation of psychiatric trainees
Authors: Barrett E.P. , Nawka A. , Malik A. , Giacco D. , Rojnic Kuzman M. , Simmons M. , Favre G.
Published: May 2011

Background and objectives

The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) is an independent federation of psychiatric trainees’ associations. Previous studies have shown that up to 1/3 of countries surveyed did not have separate CAP training We surveyed trainees to gain insights regarding current training within the member countries of the EFPT.

Methods

Ten item Survey of Trainee representatives from 32 countries- using surveymonkey questionnaire.

Industry standard encryption technology utilisied.

Results

27 respondent countries. Response rate 84.4% In many countries CAP and General Adult Psychiatry training were not separate Variable availability of training posts (surplus posts 23%, no posts/ long waits 19.2%) Duration of training: 3 years (19.2%),4 years (23.1%), 5 years (26.9%). In 35% of countries CAP training was entirely separate from commencement of training. In 40%, entry to CAP training occurred after training in general adult psychiatry. Trainees in 61.5% of respondent countries indicate their intention to specialise in CAP before entering training in psychiatry; 15% of trainees can indicate this at any time.

Conclusions

This is a survey of trainee representatives to the EFPT of ten items related to CAP training experiences. It highlights significant differences in training experiences in 27 respondent countries. From 2010 the EFPT aims to record detailed information on CAP training yearly. CAP trainees are an integral part of EFPT, and there are specific areas of needs in CAP training.
Prevalence of common phobias and their socio-demographic correlates in children and adolescents in a traditional developing society
Authors: Bener A.
Published: May 2011

Background

Epidemiological data indicate that anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders and phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders.

Aim

To identify the most common phobias in children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of phobias.

Design

A cross sectional study

Setting

Public and Private schools of the Ministry of Education, State of Qatar

Subjects

A total of 2188 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were approached and 1703 (77.8%) students participated in this study.

Methods

The questionnaire included socio-demographic information, extra curricular activities and hobbies, behaviour at home and various phobic fears. Psychiatrists determined the definitive diagnosis for various phobias by checking and screening their symptoms.

Results

Of the studied subjects, 44% were males and 56% were females. The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents was 19.7%. Among children with phobia, females had higher rates of phobias (62.4% vs 37.6%) than males. Social phobia (12.7%) was the commonest phobia found followed by Agoraphobia (8.6%). Secondary school children were highly afflicted with social phobia (14.9%), agoraphobia (11.7%) and specific phobia (9.6%), while preparatory students (8.3%) were more likely to have’medical’ phobia (fear of physical illness, medical tests and procedures). A significant difference was observed between the age groups in children with agoraphobia (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents in Qatar was higher, with the most common phobias observed being social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia.
Satisfaction with body image, attitudes and habits relating to nutrition in secondary school students
Authors: Burgic-Radmanovic M. , Burgic S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

In the adolescence, girls are often preoccupied with body image, express discontent with their figure, body weight and want to lose weight.

Objective

Our objective was to inquire eating attitudes and habits among female adolescents.

Method

Survey research carried out among female adolescents, age of 16 – 17, in four secondary schools in Banja Luka (economic, medical, agricultural and grammar school). Survey questionnaire EAT-26, modified by author, was used. The response rate was 1301 (90.3%) out of 1441 (total number of pupils in first and second grade of schools).

Results

In inquired secondary schools 90 girls (6.9%) out of 1301 have body mass index < 18,5 kg/m2. About 26.9% of all respondents, want to be thinner, while 37.3% never want to be thinner, with statically significant difference (df = 834; T = 7.94; p < 0.01).

With 46.25% of all respondents with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and 43.6% female students with an optimal BMI said they never eat dietary food with statistically significant difference (V = 73, T = 2.05, < 0.05) compared to girls with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Diet foods are not eaten ever 48.6% of respondents with a statistically significant difference compared to those who do it sometimes (20.5%)

Discussion

Unrealistic perception of “body-image” may bring different health-damaging risks. They varied from inadequate dieting attempts to inability of recognizing and preventing overweight.

Conclusion

In order to that previously acquired knowledge and positive attitudes about nutrition necessary to introduce this subject within the school curriculum.
Evaluation of adhd symptoms in a general sample of schoolers from 6 to 18 years old and their parents: the chip-ard study
Authors: Caci H.M.O.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects up to 5% of the school-aged children and adolescents, and to up 3% of the adults. The condition is dramatically more frequent in parents of affected children (about 30% of prevalence), therefore crediting the genetic transmission of the disorder.

Objectives

Our study was designed to increase the awareness of the disorder among teachers and parents, and to collect data for validating available rating scales for the French general population.

Aims

To include up to 200 children for each year of age ranging for 5 to 18, and to collect data about their behaviour at school (rated by teachers) and at home (rated by parents). Additionally, questionnaires were filled out by the parents to rate their own symptoms. Comorbidity and related disorders were also a concern.

Methods

A sample of schools was randomly selected in the city of Nice (France) and up to 4 children were randomly selected in each class. The children were included only after they and their parents gave their informed consent. Teachers rated the child behaviour on a secured website. Paper questionnaires were scanned for optical recognition.

Results

In three months, 715 children were included and 847 parents returned their questionnaires. Preliminary analyses show that ADHD rating scales can be accurately scored by teachers and parents. References intervals need to be computed with regard of age and gender, for both children and adults.

Conclusions

The ChiP-ARD study will be reconducted in 2010-2011 to reach our original objective of 2600 children.
Aripiprazole in adolescents with intellectual disabilities and schizophrenia: A case report
Authors: Giannakopoulos G. , Charitaki S. , Kotzia T. , Kolaitis G.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Aripiprazole has been shown to be effective in children and adolescents with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and few adverse effects have been reported. However, little is known about the effectiveness of aripiprazole in the treatment of pediatric patients with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Schizophrenia.

Aims and objectives

To expand our knowledge on the use of aripiprazole in treating adolescents with ID for Schizophrenia.

Methods

Using a retrospective review, one female and one male adolescent inpatient (11.5 and 14 years old; Wechsler Scale of Intelligence full intelligence quotient equal to 61 and 38, respectively) with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia received aripiprazole 15 mg/day and were monitored for six weeks. The primary outcome was the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) from baseline to endpoint.

Results

There was a significant reduction in the overall PANSS score in both adolescents with a marked decrease in negative symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/ apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and stereotyped thinking). Among symptoms of general psychopathology, guilt feelings, motor retardation and poor attention were mostly improved. In both cases, positive and negative subscales showed significant reductions after week four. Female inpatient's weight increased from 49.5 Kg to 50 kg, while male inpatient's weight remained stable (75 kg) during monitoring. No other side effect (e.g. Q-T-corrected interval alterations, hyperprolactinemia, extrapyramidal symptoms) was developed.

Conclusions

Aripiprazole could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for adolescents with ID and Schizophrenia, especially when negative symptoms are of major concern.
Management of internet addiction with comorbid psychiatric conditioninromanian childrens
Authors: Chele G.E. , Jijie C. , Chirita R. , Stefanescu C.
Published: May 2011

This article discusses how a treatment protocol should emphasis the primary psychiatric condition if related to a subsequent impulse control problem such as pathological Internet use.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate issues related to clinical analysis of patients with IAD (internet addiction disorder), we focusing on clinical, demographic features, and comorbidities.

Method

The survey included a representative sample of 543 school students of ages 11 to 18. All of the students answered to a questionnaire comprising 36 questions related to computer activities. Ten girls and 22 boys constituted the sample of Internet addicts. All participants were diagnosed based on psychiatric diagnostic interview and psychiatric scales.

Results

Clinical diagnoses included depression 25%, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder 18,75%, social fobia 15,62%, generalized anxiety disorder 12,5%, obsessive compulsive disorder 6,25%, comportamental disorder 15,62%, 6,25% met criteria for eating disorder. Severity measures of IAD were associated with higher perception of family disability (P ≤ .001)

Conclusion

With these results, it seems reasonable to suggest that effective evaluation of, and treatment for comorbidities disorders is required for students with Internet addiction. Effective management of psychiatric symptoms may indirectly correct pathological Internet use.
Physical activity behaviors related with construction of the body pattern for the prevention of mental disorders in spanish youth
Authors: Cocca A. , Viciana J.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

A suitable body pattern is necessary for health. A wrong development of it could determine disorders in mental and physical areas (Ballesteros, 1982). To be active since childhood constitutes a primary factor for developing a good Body Mass Index (BMI) and body image, the main components of body pattern (Piéron, 2005).

Objectives

To evaluate levels of physical activity (PA) and the relation with body pattern for the prevention of disorders in spanish youth.

Methods

3685 subjects aged 8 to 24 were selected from various educational institutions of Granada, Spain. Researchers took antropomethric measurements and submitted pupils to IPAQ questionnaire (Booth, 2000) and Body Image Assessment Scale (Thompson & Grey, 1995).

Results

Results showed that PA levels constantly decrease from Primary School until University (p = .001), and BMI increased at the same time. Body image kept constant values at each age range. We found significative correlations between PA and BMI and between BMI and body image (p = .001), but not between PA and body image.

Conclusions

This lack of correlation could mean that subjects have a wrong perception of their body, since they consider themselves healthy despite their BMI raise. This could explain the reduction of practice. This situation could determine the progressive onset of sedentary behaviors and mental disorders as anorexia or bulimia. In the future, Physical Education teachers should aim their classes at developing the perception of body through PA, to make pupils be active and to give them the basis for a suitable construction of body pattern.
Psychological manifestation in adolescents with thalassemia
Authors: Dessoki H. , Elhifnawy T. , Ezzat O.
Published: May 2011

Objective

β-thalassemia major and its complications carry a significant psychological impact, causing emotional burden, hopelessness, and difficulty with social integration.

Method

Cross-sectional study which includes thirty adolescents with diagnosis of thalassemia & another group of thirty adolescents from gastrointestinal outpatient clinic were selected. All participants were subjected to Semi structured interview, Patient Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, and McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results

Thalassemic adolescents shows statistically significant higher depression (p < 0.001), and higher anxiety (p < 0.001) compared to adolescents from gastrointestinal outpatient clinic. There was highly statistical significant difference regarding Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (p < 0.001), and McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire. (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Depressive and anxiety disorders were more prevalent among adolescents with thalassemia. Also, among the same group there was higher degree of Free Floating Anxiety, Phobic Anxiety, Obsessive Symptoms, Somatic Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and hysteria. Quality of life was highly affected among adolescents with thalassemia.
Old drugs vs. new drugs: Treating bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Dineen P.T. , Malizia A.L.
Published: May 2011

This is a literature review of the evidence for pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. The review covers drugs that have controlled studies and is divided into older, classical antimanic drugs and the newer mood-stabliser/antipsychotic drugs. The drugs that have had controlled studies are aripiprazole, lithium, olanzapine, oxcarbazepine, quetiapine, risperidone, topiramate, valproate/divalproex drugs and ziprasidone. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine and nefazodone (which is included for completion) were not found to have any evidence from controlled studies. Of the 9 drugs that have evidence, it was found that the newer second-generation antipsychotics had better evidence for efficacy for management of acute mania in children and adolescents: aripiprazole, risperidone, quetiapine and olanzapine. Classical antimanic agents such as lithium and valproate-based drugs had limited evidence.
Well being and psychiatric status of parents of children with Mental Retardation in Pakistan
Authors: Dogar I.A. , Azeem M.W. , Haider I. , Wudarsky M. , Asmat A. , Akbar M. , Kousar S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Studies have shown an association between parental distress and caretaking of children with cognitive delays. There is little data in developing countries, such as Pakistan, concerning the impact of raising children with Mental Retardation, upon the quality of parent functioning and risk for psychopathology.

Objective

To assess the level of distress and risk for psychopathology among parents of children with Mental Retardation (MR).

Methods

This was prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Participants were 200 parents (100 fathers/100 mothers) of 100 children with the diagnosis of MR. Parents were administered Self Report Questionnaire 20 (SRQ 20) and the Quality of Life BREF (QOL BREF).

Results

Mean age for mothers was 40.2 years while fathers was 42.9 years. The mean age of children was 10.5 years (30% females/70% males) with 25% mild MR, 42% moderate MR, 20% severe MR and 13% profound MR. On SRQ 20, 25% mothers and 43% fathers scored above the cut off indicating possible psychiatric disorder. Mean QOL domain scores were for mothers (M) and fathers (F): M 13.2/ F 13.9 for physical health; M13.1 / F 13.7 for psychological health; M 13.9 / F 13.9 for social relationships, M 13.4 / F 14.8 for environment.

Conclusions

Parents of children with MR are at higher risk for psychopathology, needing mental health assessment.

Fathers scores on the SRQ reflect more distress and psychiatric symptoms than mothers SRQ scores.

Limitations include lack of comparison group and small sample size.
One proof of usage and comparing of a strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) within clinical/community work
Authors: Fanaj N. , Poniku I. , Sadiku M. , Vehbiu B. , Fanaj B.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

We doesn’t have any screening tool in our language or even validated.

Objectives

To evaluate advantages of the using of SDQ to screening for disorders and symptomatic manifestations in a clinical work and community sample.

Aims

To compare the data from the filled questionnaires between the parents and children's, between the child cases referred in CHAMHU and children's during the systematic controls visits, to be seen correlations amongst the scores of scales and symptoms items and diagnoses.

Methods

Referred cases to the clinic have been offered to fill out SDQ questionnaire with the supplement impact. From 358 new cases only 43% of the cases have been involved. Based on the medical systematic visits in the schools (2008) was extracted a randomized sample for comparing. All data has been analyzed by SPSS 17.0.

Results

184 questionnaires have been filled out. SDQ have showed one internal consistence with the coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha from 0.721. Within cases were filled out both from parents and children's, SDQ have proved the reporting differences between parents and children's, but without any significant correlations with diagnoses and symptoms items with the diagnoses. SDQ showed the useful differences regarding the reports amongst the referred clinical cases and school cases without any significant correlation.

Conclusions

SDQ can be one of the screening tools, useful in the clinical setting and also in the community, despite the limitation which can have. Intellectual level of the parents within the country as ours can be possible obstacles.
Relationship between family communication patterns with locus of control, self esteem, shyness and communication skills in adolescents
Authors: Farahati M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to investigation the relationship between the dimensions of Family communication patterns (conversation orientation and conformity orientation) with adolescents’ locus of control, self esteem, Shyness and communication patterns.

Method

The participant in this study includes 367 students (232 girls and 135 boys) of first and second graders in high school in the first region of Tehran, that were chosen by available sampling method and filled the Revised family communication patterns questionnaire (RFCP), Levenson locus of control scale (IPC), Rosenberg self esteem questionnaire, shyness questionnaire of Cheeck and Buss and communication skills questionnaire. Regression analysis was used to predict each of the criterion variables by Dimensions of family communication patterns.

Result

The regression analysis result revealed that the Family conversation orientation has a positive and significant relationship with internal locus of control, high self esteem and communication skills and predicts them positively. Also Family conformity orientation has a positive and significant relationship with external locus of control and shyness and predicts them positively. And has a significant negative relationship with self esteem and predicts it negatively.

Conclusion

The finding of present research show that the families with conversation orientation, who have the free, comfortable and rich relationships as a need of joyful family life, lead to the formation of internal locus of control, higher self esteem, less shyness and more communication patterns in children in comparison with the families with conformity orientation.
Investigation the relationship between test anxiety and emotional intelligence (EQ) in boys and girls of high schools of tehran city
Authors: Farahati M. , Mahdavian A. , Agahi S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The aim of this study is to investigation the relationship between test anxiety and emotional intelligence (EQ) in boys and girls of high schools of Tehran city.

Methods

In this study 100 boys and 100 girls were selected via multi stage cluster sampling from the mentioned high schools. The participants were asked to answer two questionnaires. The beck anxiety inventory and bar- on emotional quotient inventory were used to measure anxiety and emotional intelligence.

Results

The result of this study suggested that test anxiety has a negative effect on EQ and therefore all EQ parameters have reverse correlation with amount of test anxiety. Such correlation was not seen between anxiety and phenomenon such as self expression, inter personal affairs and sympathy.

Conclusion

Emotional intelligence is defined as the awareness and ability to manage emotions in a healthy and productive manner, By providing a suitable educational environment in schools and families, we can help students learn how to control their emotions and thereby increase their EQ to be able to manage their emotions while encountering exams or other difficult situations in life.
Young, violent, and dangerous to know
Authors: Fitzgerald M.
Published: May 2011

Objectives / aims

This presentation examines the neuroscience of criminal autistic psychopathy.

Methods

It will examine persons described by Hans Asperger who enjoy “sadistic” acts. It is only a very small number of persons with autism who show criminal autistic psychopathy.

This can have fatal consequences for the victims. Some of the acts are of the nature of “experiments” by the persons with autism. This presentation will examine ways of identifying persons with this condition. The vast majority of persons with autism are highly moral.

Conclusion

There is evidence for a new diagnostic category “criminal autistic psychopathy”.
Childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and risk behaviors in young adulthood
Authors: Galéra C. , Bouvard M.-P. , Melchior M. , Chastang J.-F. , Lagarde E. , Michel G. , Encrenaz G. , Messiah A. , Fombonne E.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) are associated with Risk Behaviors (RB) such as substance-related problems, suicidal behaviors and sex risk behaviors. However, some issues remain controversials: is ADHD an independent risk factor for RB? Is CD a confounding factor of the relationship between ADHD and RB?

Aim

To assess the link between childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and subsequent RB, controlling for other risk factors among which conduct disorder symptoms.

Methods

We have conducted multivariate analyses from a French community-based sample (N = 1107) belonging to the youth GAZEL cohort. The sample was first assessed at ages 4 to 18, and then assessed 8 years later. Child psychopathology and RB patterns were evaluated through parent and adolescent self-reports.

Results

In males, results show an effect of hyperactivity-inattention symptoms on more severe RB such as regular cannabis use, illicit drug experimentation and suicidal behaviors (adjusted OR = 2 to 5, all Ps significants). In females, they show an effect of hyperactivity-inattention symptoms on regular tobacco use (adjusted OR = 2, P < .05). The risk of RB initiation was increased in youths with high levels of conduct disorder symptoms, particularly in combination with simultaneously high levels of hyperactivity-inattention symptoms (adjusted OR = 2, P < .05).

Conclusions

This work enhances the knowledge of a link between disruptive behaviors in childhood and subsequent risk behaviors. It underscores the importance of a better acknowledgement of these disorders, in order to better identify and treat them to prevent negative long-term outcomes.
Call of international help: a teenager with autism help repeatedly to go out of his situation
Authors: García J.A.
Published: May 2011

Basic situation

16-year-old male, physical state inside normal parameters, diagnosed of high functioning autism. Normalized life up to 14 years.

At present not educated, he remains isolated in the familiar hearth fleeing of the situations and stimulus that seem aversive to him. He asks for help repeatedly to go out of his situation.

Symptomatology:

(A) If the exhibition to the situation, person or stimulus, has not exceeded his threshold of tolerance:

- Gradually he relaxes

- Gradually he recovers his basic situation

(B) If the exhibition to the situation, person or stimulus, has exceeded his threshold of tolerance:

- Increase of internal tension

- Increase of observable behavioural agitation

- Increase of request of help to unload the internal tension Effects:

(A) If there is tension discharge:

- Considerable increase of the availability and positive attitude

- Considerable increase of the state of mind

(B) If there is no tension discharge:

- Movement increase and he even escapes

- Aggressiveness against objects and people

- Conducts of high risk for his and others’ life

Detonators: Incapability for the confrontation to the stress, especially before:

- Environmental tension

- Different acoustic stimulus and every time more generalized in the everyday life: crying of babies and children, whistles, coffee pots, engines …

- Powerlessness before the impossibility of flight and/or avoidance of the aversive stimulus Its cognitive level allows him to realize and suffer the consistent emotional impact, as well as wishing to die.

He asks for help repeatedly to go out of his situation!
Relationship between, smell of cigarette smoking and inhalation for children under one year and the probability of cigarette smoking in adulthood
Authors: Ghaleiha A.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To examine the relationship between, smell of cigarette smoking and inhalation for children under one year and the probability of cigarette smoking in adulthood.

Materials and method

This is a case control study in which two groups of subjects (smokers as case group and nonsmokers as observed group) are considered.

Cigarette exposure experience under age of one has been questioned in both groups.

Findings

The results of the research show that 60.71% of smoker group had parents smoking in their infancy Period while this was 30.35% for nonsmokers, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.000,X2 = 63.91). Also, 58.82% of subjects in smoker group have smoking parents while 12% in nonsmoker group .19.64% have certain medical disease history compared with 5.35% in nonsmoker group which showed a significant difference.(P = 0.044,X2 = 4.00).

Discussion

As the results show it is Probable that unexpected inhalation of cigarette smoke induce a conditional learning for children in their infancy Period and in family environment under the influence of simultaneous kindness of both parents while inhalation smoking reminds them their parent’s kindness and favor. There is a good feeling for these Persons while they smoke and this increases the chance for them to be smoker.

Although this study is limited, it may be can show the effect of parent’s smoking on the probability of smoking for children in their future life, to prevent which can decrease this probability.
Identification of autistic communication profile in children with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Glumbic N. , Milacic Vidojevic I. , Brojcin B.
Published: May 2011

Aim

Autistic communication profile in children who speak in sentences is characterized by significant deficits in social relationships and restricted interests coupled with low general communication ability.

The objective of this research is to determine autistic communication profile in children with sub average intellectual functioning.

Method

The sample consisted of 128 participants with mild intellectual disability, of both sexes, aged from 6 to 16 (M = 12.53; SD = 2.81). Communication abilities were assessed using Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2).

Results

It was found that 7 (5.47%) students achieved scores below the 6th percentile of normative population on scales Social Relationship and Interests, coupled with General Communication Composite score below the 10th percentile. Four of them (3.13% of the sample) also obtained Social Interaction Deviance composite score less than zero. This communication profile is frequently seen in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Conclusion

It could be concluded that more than 3% of the children with mild intellectual disability may merit further assessment for an autistic spectrum disorder.
Arachnoid cyst and psychosis in an adolescent
Authors: Graovac M. , Ružić K. , Visentin H. Sveško , Grahovac T. , Hero E. Dadić , Rebić J. , Frančišković T.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Arachnoid cysts are rare, benign space-occupying lesions formed by an arachnoid membrane containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They are often discovered as incidental findings found on imaging. Occasionally they may produce symptoms because of expansion or bleeding.

Objectives

The coexistence of arachnoid cysts with psychiatric disturbances in adolescents had not been closely covered in the literature. Recent descriptions of aphasia and attention-deficit disorders associated with these cysts indicate that we do not fully understand this entity. There is also no acceptable explanation for the male preponderance and increased incidence on the left side.

Aims

The appearance of some references that focus on a possible link between arachnoid cysts and psychotic symptoms in adolescents has increased the interest in this subject.

Methods and results

This case report describes the treatment of a 17-year old male adolescent, characterized by “negative” psychotic symptoms, reduced affect, unfunctioning behavior, headaches and vision problems. An arachnoid cyst was found on the temporobasilaris left brain side on magnetic resonance image. His psychotic symptoms were suspected to be induced by the arachnoid cyst. The patient was treated with an outpatient antipsychotic therapy (olanzapin) during one year and shown improvement, but without a complete remission of the psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions

It is difficult to discus whether the lesion had influence on the patient’s psychiatric symptoms or not, but clinical features and treatment modalities points this possibility. However, the co morbidity of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence raises problems when it comes to choosing the therapeutic guidelines.
Impact of surgery on mental health of children and adolescents
Authors: He N. , Guo L.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

After the Wenchuan earthquake in China, 2008, more and more attentions are payed on truamatic disorders among children and adolescents in China.

Objective

To make a clear view of the Acute Stress Disorder(ASD) symptoms, other behavior problems and mood disorders caused by surgery among children and aldolescents.

Method

130 children/Adolescents between the age of 8∼15 hospitalized in Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China hospital, Sichuan University were interviewed and assessed for possible traumatic symptoms, behavior problems and mood disorders. The Acute Stress Disorder Scale(ASDS), the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used in this research and several correlated factors and possible predictors were analyzed.

Results

2 patients’ ASDS score were above the critical value of the scale, yet they did not meet the diagnostic criteria of ASD; 2 patients’ were found “depressed” “Bad communication” problems respectively compared to the CBCL norms in China.

Conclusions

1. Some ASD symptoms can be observed from children/adolescents hospitalized in Department of Pediatric Surgery. Children/adolescents with an experience of the traumatic events before sent to hospital may have more significant ASD symptoms.

2. Some behavior problems and mood disorders can be observed from children/adolescents hospitalized in Department of Pediatric Surgery.
The effect of anger management on adjustment and self-efficacy
Authors: Hejazi S. , Alehashem T. , Alavi H.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Today anger and its manifestation has become a great health problem among adolescents.

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of teaching anger management on adjustment and self-efficacy of adolescents.

Methods

This is an experimental study which was conducted on 50 students that were chosen through random sampling method. Data were collected through adjustment and self-efficacy questionnaire. Content validity and Test-retest methods were used for validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Initially, the two adjustments and self-efficacy questionnaires were given to the students, then, anger management was taught in for 8 sessions each lasting 1.5 hours. Two weeks after the last session of teaching, the two questionnaires were filled again and the results were compared. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

The analysis of data with Wilkinson's test revealed that teaching anger management has been effective on adjustment with p < 0/001 and on self-efficacy of adolescent also with p < 0/001.

Conclusion

Adolescents’ anger is a major concern for the society. With regard to the conclusions drawn in this study and the effects that appropriate control of anger has on adolescents’ adjustment and self-efficacy, it is advisable that educational programs for suitable control of feelings including anger be given top priority in the state educational system.
Evaluation of response to cognitive-behavior therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: preliminary results
Authors: Souza M.A.M. , Jarros R.B. , Isolan L. , Manfro G.G. , Heldt E.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Anxiety disorders are prevalent in childhood and can cause significant impairment in adulthood. Although cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) show evidence of response in children with anxiety disorders, some questions remain open.

Objective

To evaluate the response of an adapted protocol of group CBT for anxiety disorders in childhood.

Method

This is a non-controlled clinical trial of 14 sessions of 90 minutes for children 10 to 13 years. Patients were selected from public schools diagnosed with Anxiety Disorder in Childhood, according to KDSADS. The protocol used was based on manual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: Therapist Manual for Group Treatment of Flannery-Schroeder and Kendall (2006), the Coping Cat Workbook and on clinical experience of therapists. Improvement was evaluated by Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI).

Results

To date 20 patients completed the 14 sessions of group CBT. There was a predominance of females (n = 15; 75%), mean age 11.6 ± 0.68 years. The most frequent diagnosis was Generalized Anxiety Disorder (n = 14; 70%) and 14 patients had at least one anxiety disorder and comorbidity (70%). Regarding the response to therapy, there was a significant decrease in symptoms (p < 0.001) assessed by the CGI (mean and standard deviation) before (4.15 ± 0.93) and after (2.95 ± 1.05) in the CBT group. Higher CGI at baseline was a predictor of poor response (4.67 ± 0.65 vs. 0.74 ± 3:38; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Partial results of this study show that the protocol used for group CBT is effective in improving clinical patients with anxiety disorders in childhood.
P01-295-Communication impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Helland W.A. , Biringer E. , Helland T. , Heimann M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Communication disorders are often described in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), but language related problems are neither among the cardinal features nor required to fulfil diagnostic criteria of AD/HD.

Objective

To investigate communication impairments in a group of children with AD/HD compared to a group of Typically Developing (TD) children.

Methods

Fifty-six Norwegian children aged 6–15 years participated. The AD/HD group consisted of 28 children and was matched on age and gender with a TD group. The parents completed a Norwegian translation of the Children's Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2).

Results

In the AD/HD group communication impairment was identified in 23 out of 28 children (82.1%) compared to only one child in the TD group (3.6%). The two groups differed significantly on 9 out of 10 subscales of the CCC-2, as well as on the GCC (MANOVA, p ≤ .001).

Conclusions

Children with AD/HD are likely to exhibit communication problems relative to typically developing children. The two groups differed on 9 out of 10 subscales on the CCC-2. These results add to the growing body of research showing that communication disorders are frequent among children with AD/HD. They underline the importance of routine screening of communication to be performed as part of the assessment procedure in children with AD/HD.
P01-296-Comparison of the burden of illness for adults with adhd across seven countries: a qualitative study
Authors: Hodgkins P. , Brod M. , Asherson P.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Around 65% of children with ADHD continue to be impaired by symptoms in adulthood. Nevertheless, ADHD in adults is often poorly understood and misdiagnosed globally, notably in Europe. Furthermore, few data are available comparing the experiences of adult patients with ADHD from different geographical regions.

Objectives

To examine the symptoms and impairments associated with ADHD in adults from the patient's perspective and to better understand how culture, country of residence and different ADHD management approaches can impact on the experiences of adults with the condition.

Methods

Data were obtained from focus groups in the USA, Canada, UK, The Netherlands, Italy, France and Germany. Patients participated in semi-structured interviews using a series of open-ended questions relating to medical history, life experience, daily impacts of ADHD and psychological and social issues. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed based on grounded theory qualitative data analysis methodology.

Results

Data from 14 focus groups representing 103 adults with ADHD (mean age 36, 47% female) were analysed. Reported impacts were consistent across focus groups with respect to the participants’ history of diagnosis, symptoms, medication use, childhood experiences, and psychological and social issues as adults, regardless of country of residence, culture, treatment patterns or health care systems. Minimal differences were reported with respect to the perception of ADHD, treatment options and costs of care. This poster will focus on European results.

Conclusion

The burden of illness and impacts of ADHD in adults are largely independent of culture or country of residence.

Supported by Shire Development, Inc.
P01-297-Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with bipolar disorders in china
Authors: Huang M. , Guo L. , Ran M.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To explore the clinical characteristics, assessment, biological and psychosocial correlates, and treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) in China.

Method

All the studies published during the past 20 years on pediatric bipolar disorder in China were reviewed.

Results

There is a lack of a unified diagnosis system in China. A serial of genetic researches showed the family aggregation and genetic predisposition of BD. There are consistent findings on the core symptoms of the disorder. BD has the characteristic of comorbidity with other disorders such as ADHD and OCD. Mood stabilizers and combined use of antipsychotics and TCA are still the main choice of psychiatrists to treat the pediatric patients with BD. The effectiveness of specific psychotherapy does need further studies.

Conclusion

A unified diagnosis system and criteria of BD for different age groups is crucial for further work. Combination of various treatments, such as mood stabilizers, AC, TCA and traditional Chinese medicine is effective for these patients. More studies, especially randomized controlled trials should be conducted to explore the etiology, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of this disease.