bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jet milling‐activated direct synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch: an analysis of structural and application properties
Authors: Lang Shuangjing , Sui Chunguang , Wang Lidong
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch was achieved through a fluidised bed activated by jet milling with graded revolution rates of 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, and 3600 rpm. This study investigated the changes in the structural, physicochemical, and application properties of modified starch after jet milling. The results showed that modified starch can be synthesised using a one‐step jet milling process. The degree of substitution increased with a decrease in the starch particle size, resulting in a rough granule morphology. Structural analysis revealed that crystalline areas were destroyed in the modified starches. In the Fourier‐infrared spectrum, typical peaks appeared at 1724 and 1573 cm−1 upon introduction of the octenyl succinic anhydride group, whereas a new sodium peak appeared in the XPS spectrogram. The 1H‐NMR spectrum indicated that the esterification reaction mainly occurred on OH2 groups. The emulsification properties of the modified starch were significantly enhanced and increased with the crushing strength. The octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch has potential as a wall material for microcapsules, with good embedding rate and thermal stability. This novel synthesis method represents an innovative method for the synthesis of OSA‐starches.
CD5L is upregulated upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with no effect on disease progression
Authors: Cardoso Marcos S. , Gonçalves Rute , Oliveira Liliana , Silvério Diogo , Téllez Érica , Paul Tony , Sarrias Maria Rosa , Carmo Alexandre M. , Saraiva Margarida
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) alone caused over a billion deaths in the last 200 years, making it one of the deadliest diseases to humankind. Understanding the immune mechanisms underlying protection or pathology in TB is key to uncover the much needed innovative approaches to tackle TB. The scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich molecule CD5 antigen‐like (CD5L) has been associated with TB, but whether and how CD5L shapes the immune response during the course of disease remains poorly understood. Here, we show an upregulation of CD5L in circulation and at the site of infection in C57BL/6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected mice. To investigate the role of CD5L in TB, we studied the progression of M. tuberculosis aerosol infection in a recently described genetically engineered mouse model lacking CD5L. Despite the increase of CD5L during infection of wild‐type mice, absence of CD5L did not impact bacterial burden, histopathology or survival of infected mice. Absence of CD5L associated with a modest increase in the numbers of CD4+ T cells and the expression of IFN‐γ in the lungs of infected mice, with no major effect in overall immune cell dynamics. Collectively, this study confirms CD5L as a potential diagnostic biomarker to TB, showing no discernible impact on the outcome of the infection.
Porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics with excellent mechanical strength and permeability for transpiration cooling
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Yunhui , Fan Xueling
Published: June 2024

The great development of transpiration cooling technology challenges the coolant medium seriously. In this paper, porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics have been satisfactorily prepared to meet the requirements of the coolant medium in transpiration cooling. The results illustrate that porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics have excellent compressive strengths; meanwhile, percentages of compressive strength difference (parallel and perpendicular to the mold‐pressing direction) have an upward trend due to the increasing fiber contents. Besides, the failure mode has a huge distinction between parallelity (45° oblique section) and perpendicularity (wedge shape). These ceramics have unimodal pore size distribution (2–10 µm), and their wettability has a substantial improvement reflected by contact angle from 118° to 0°. Permeability behavior across these ceramics has been accurately described using the Darcy–Forchheimer equation, while obtaining viscous and inertial resistance coefficients, respectively. This work can provide an essential reference for coolant medium in transpiration cooling.
Exploring rural Nurses' preparedness and post‐resuscitation experiences. An ethnographic study
Authors: Riley Katherine , Middleton Rebekkah , Molloy Luke , Wilson Val
Published: June 2024

Aim

The focus of this paper is to provide a detailed ethnographic exploration of rural nurses' experiences of their resuscitation preparedness and the subsequent post‐resuscitation period.

Design

An ethnographic study across two small rural hospital sites in New South Wales, Australia.

Methods

Fieldwork was undertaken between December 2020 and March 2022 and included over 240 h of nonparticipant observation, journalling and interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The first key theme—‘Sense of Preparedness’—included three subthemes: ‘Gaining experience’, ‘Issues with training and education’ and ‘Lack of warning’. The second key theme ‘Aftermath’ comprised two subthemes: ‘Getting on with it’ and ‘Making sense of the resus’.

Conclusion

This study has highlighted the intricate relationship between resuscitative preparedness and the post‐resuscitation period in shaping rural nurse's experiences and their well‐being. Rural nurses are asking for an authentic and contextually relevant training experience that mirrors the unique rural challenges they experience. In the absence of frequent resuscitation presentations, the post‐resuscitation period should be viewed as a crucible moment that can be leveraged as a valuable learning opportunity enhancing rural nurses' sense of preparedness and the provision of quality resuscitation care.

Impact

Having a greater level of insight into the challenges that rural nurses experience in the pre‐ and post‐resuscitation period is critical. This insight opens the door for fortifying policies and work processes that will better support rural nurses in the resuscitation environment.

Reporting Method

Reporting complied with COREQ criteria for qualitative research.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study explored the experiences of rural nurses. No patient data were collected.
Artificial intelligence in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: a comprehensive review of current literature
Authors: Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P. , Loukas Constantinos , Vailas Michail , Machairas Nikolaos , Kykalos Stylianos , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Filippiadis Dimitrios , Felekouras Evangellos , Schizas Dimitrios
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis mainly relies on its pathognomonic radiological profile, obviating the need for biopsy. The project of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in HCC aims to improve the performance of image recognition. Herein, we thoroughly analyze and evaluate proposed AI models in the field of HCC diagnosis.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases with the end of search date being the 30th of September 2023. The MESH terms “Artificial Intelligence,” “Liver Cancer,” “Hepatocellular Carcinoma,” “Machine Learning,” and “Deep Learning” were searched in the title and/or abstract. All references of the obtained articles were also evaluated for any additional information.

Results

Our search resulted in 183 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Across all diagnostic modalities, reported area under the curve (AUC) of most developed models surpassed 0.900. A B‐mode US and a contrast‐enhanced US model achieved AUCs of 0.947 and 0.957, respectively. Regarding the more challenging task of HCC diagnosis, a 2021 deep learning model, trained with CT scans, classified hepatic malignant lesions with an AUC of 0.986. Finally, a MRI machine learning model developed in 2021 displayed an AUC of 0.975 when differentiating small HCCs from benign lesions, while another MRI‐based model achieved HCC diagnosis with an AUC of 0.970.

Conclusions

AI tools may lead to significant improvement in diagnostic management of HCC. Many models fared better or comparable to experienced radiologists while proving capable of elevating radiologists' accuracy, demonstrating promising results for AI implementation in HCC‐related diagnostic tasks.
Economic, Psychological, and Emotional Well‐Being of Pregnant Women During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Eldeirawi Kamal M. , Persky Victoria W. , Zielke Cameron , Goldstein Ellen , Bimbi Olivia , Saenz Jennifer , Mustafa Zane , Jumah Tamara A. , Ramirez Xavier R. , Aldirawi Ali , Quinn Laurie , Hernandez Rosalba
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The intersection between perinatal mental health and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic remains of significant public health importance. The current study examined the emotional and financial well‐being and predictors of elevated depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This online survey was conducted with 2118 women ≥18 years old who were pregnant at the time of the survey and living in the United States or Puerto Rico. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with scores ≥10 indicative of elevated depressive symptoms. The final logistic regression model included housing insecurity, financial distress, COVID‐19 diagnosis, exposure to COVID‐19, and demographic covariates.

Results

More than half the sample (53.8%) had elevated depressive symptoms. In logistic regression analyses, the odds of having elevated depressive symptoms were significantly higher for participants reporting housing insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.01), financial distress (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.12), COVID‐19 diagnosis (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.53‐4.17), and COVID‐19 exposure (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.86), after adjusting for covariates. The association of elevated depressive symptoms with housing insecurity was especially strong among those who experienced COVID‐19 (aOR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.15‐17.0).

Discussion

Our findings are consistent with previous literature revealing that diagnosis, exposure, concerns about family, and effects on financial stability were related to depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The relationships between financial and housing concerns with elevated depressive symptoms, independent of concerns about infection in family members, suggest that there may be direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on mental health.
Resiliency process in the family after childhood leukaemia diagnosis: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Huang Yingying , Chen Meijia , Wang Yuxin , Qi Yi , Zhang Liping , Dong Chaoqun
Published: June 2024

Aims

To construct a conceptual framework on the process of family resilience during the first year following childhood leukaemia diagnosis.

Design

A longitudinal qualitative interview study.

Methods

A longitudinal qualitative study following a grounded theory methodology was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with leukaemia in a general hospital. The participants were recruited through purposive and theoretical sampling and longitudinal engagement was achieved by conducting interviews at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the leukaemia diagnosis. The core category and categories were saturated following the enrolment of parents of children with leukaemia. Data collection and analyses were performed simultaneously.

Results

Sixteen parents of children with leukaemia participated. The core category of ‘families living with childhood leukaemia’ refers to the process of family resilience during the first year following childhood leukaemia diagnosis, which includes three phases: (1) destruction and resiliency period; (2) adjustment and consolidation period; and (3) growth and planning period.

Conclusion

This study explored the dynamic, complex and continuous processes of resilience among families coping with childhood leukaemia during the first year following diagnosis. Further research should design tailored family interventions that characterise the different phases of family resilience, aiming to support family well‐being, integrity and functioning.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Both families and healthcare professionals must create an enabling environment that supports families coping with difficulties. Understanding the different phases of family resilience allows healthcare professionals to provide holistic care that meets the demands of families with childhood leukaemia.

Impact

Unique knowledge emerged about the family's resiliency process when facing childhood leukaemia, suggesting a family‐led revolution in understanding and managing childhood leukaemia. Therefore, the development of phased, resilience‐based family interventions is imperative.

Reporting method

This study was reported using the COREQ checklist.

Patient or public contribution

Patients contributed via study participation.
The vanishing applicant: Uncovering aberrant antecedents to ghosting behaviour
Authors: Lyons Brian D. , Moorman Robert H. , Michel John W.
Published: June 2024

Research suggests that both applicants and organizations may withdraw from the recruitment and selection process without notice. This behaviour, referred to as ‘ghosting’, is prevalent yet empirical research on this topic is unfortunately scarce. To gain greater clarity, the current study examines the antecedents of applicant ghosting behaviour, which we place within the nomological network of maladaptive workplace behaviour. Drawing on an interactionist framework, we examine the role of aberrant dispositional characteristics – the Dark Triad, self‐control and fear of missing out (FoMO) – in predicting applicant ghosting behaviour. We also draw on trait activation and conservation of resources theories to examine how the experience of being ghosted before moderates these relationships between aberrant dispositional characteristics and ghosting behaviour. Results from a two‐wave design suggest that psychopathy and FoMO positively predicted ghosting behaviour and being ghosted before moderated relationships between both (a) self‐control and ghosting behaviour and (b) FoMO and ghosting behaviour. Qualitative data suggest that perceived fit and interest, communication and ghosting norms, company culture and behaviour, and compensation and benefits were the primary reasons why applicants engage in ghosting behaviour. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results and offer future research directions in this nascent field.
Color stability of precolored and extrinsically colored monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia: Effects of surface finishing and aging
Authors: Abounassif Feras M. , Alfaraj Amal , Gadah Thuraya , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Chu Tien‐Min G. , Lin Wei‐Shao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To explore the impact of zirconia types, coloring methods, and surface finishing on the color stability of monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia after artificial aging, including thermocycling and simulated toothbrushing.

Materials and Methods

Eighty square‐shaped zirconia samples were divided into 2 types (M3Y‐TZP and M6Y‐PSZ), further categorized based on coloring methods (precolored and extrinsically colored) and surface finishing techniques (mechanical polishing or glazing). The color stability was assessed using the CIEDE2000 formula. Artificial aging was simulated via thermocycling and toothbrushing. All samples were analyzed with a spectrophotometer to determine the post‐aging color changes (ΔE00). The ΔE00 were interpreted and classified using the 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) and the 50:50% acceptability threshold (AT). Comparisons between groups for ΔE00 differences were performed using three‐way ANOVA, with pairwise comparisons facilitated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test, α = 0.05.

Results

The study results indicated significant impacts of zirconia type, coloring method, and surface finishing on color stability. The M6Y groups experienced significantly greater color changes (6.61 ± 1.63) compared to the M3Y groups (3.40 ± 2.24), p < 0.0001. For both types of zirconia, extrinsically colored samples exhibited significantly higher ΔE00 when mechanically polished (p = 0.004). However, surface finishing had no significant effect on ΔE00 in precolored samples of either zirconia material (p = 1.000). The evaluation and categorization of ΔE00 variations indicated that nearly all color changes in the M6Y groups, regardless of being precolored, extrinsically colored, polished, or glazed, were deemed extremely unacceptable (Grade 1). In contrast, the M3Y groups showed more acceptable results, with the majority of color changes classified as moderately unacceptable (Grade 3).

Conclusions

The color stability of multilayered polychromatic zirconia is influenced by the type of material, extrinsic coloring, and the chosen surface treatment post‐artificial aging. The translucent 6Y‐PSZ exhibited lower color stability, especially with only mechanical polishing. For the fabrication of M3Y‐TZP and 6Y‐PSZ monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia restorations, extrinsic coloring should be paired with glazing to maintain color stability. Conversely, in the absence of extrinsic coloring, both glazing and mechanical polishing are effective in preserving color stability.
Protein supplementation during mid‐gestation affects maternal voluntary feed intake, performance, digestibility, and uterine blood flow of beef cows
Authors: Meneses Javier A. M. , Nascimento Karolina B. , Galvão Matheus Castilho , Moreira Gabriel M. , Chalfun Luthesco Haddad Lima , Souza Stefania Priscilla de , Ramírez‐Zamudio German D. , Ladeira Marcio Machado , Duarte Marcio S. , Casagrande Daniel R. , Gionbelli Mateus P.
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of protein supplementation and its interaction with calf sex (CS) on the performance, metabolism and physiology of pregnant beef cows. Fifty‐two multiparous Zebu beef cows carrying female (n = 22) and male (n = 30) fetuses were used. Cows were individually housed from day 100 to 200 of gestation and randomly assigned to restricted (RES, n = 26) or supplemented (SUP, n = 26) groups. The RES cows were ad libitum fed a basal diet (corn silage + sugarcane bagasse + mineral mixture), achieving 5.5% crude protein (CP), while SUP cows received the same basal diet plus a protein supplement (40% CP, at 3.5 g/kg of body weight). All cows were fed the same diet during late gestation. Differences were declared at p < 0.05. No significant interaction between maternal nutrition and calf sex was found for maternal outcomes (p ≥ 0.34). The SUP treatment increased the total dry matter (DM) intake (p ≤ 0.01) by 32% and 19% at mid‐ and late‐gestation respectively. The total tract digestibility of all diet components was improved by SUP treatment at day 200 of gestation (p ≤ 0.02), as well as the ruminal microbial CP production (p ≤ 0.01). The SUP treatment increased (p ≤ 0.03) the cows' body score condition, ribeye area, the average daily gain (ADG) of pregnant components (PREG; i.e., weight accretion of cows caused by pregnancy) and the ADG of maternal tissues (i.e., weight accretion discounting the gain related to gestation) in the mid‐gestation. The SUP cows exhibited a lower maternal ADG (p < 0.01) compared to RES cows in late pregnancy. There was a 24% additional gain (p < 0.01) in the PREG components for SUP cows during late gestation, which in turn improved the calf birthweight (p = 0.05). The uterine arterial resistance and pulsatility indexes (p ≤ 0.01) at mid‐gestation were greater for RES cows. In conclusion, protein supplementation during mid‐gestation is an effective practice for improving maternal performance, growth of the gravid uterus and the offspring's birth weight.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in British Columbia, Canada: An interrupted time series study
Authors: Makuza Jean Damascene , Wong Stanley , Morrow Richard L. , Binka Mawuena , Darvishian Maryam , Jeong Dahn , Adu Prince A. , Cua Georgine , Yu Amanda , Velásquez García Hector A. , Bartlett Sofia R. , Yoshida Eric , Ramji Alnoor , Krajden Mel , Janjua Naveed Z.
Published: June 2024

We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance among individuals with HCV diagnosed with cirrhosis in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We used data from the British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort (BC‐HTC), including all individuals in the province tested for or diagnosed with HCV from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2015, to assess HCC surveillance. To analyse the impact of the pandemic on HCC surveillance, we used pre‐policy (January 2018 to February 2020) and post‐policy (March to December 2020) periods. We conducted interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using a segmented linear regression model and included first‐order autocorrelation terms. From January 2018 to December 2020, 6546 HCC screenings were performed among 3429 individuals with HCV and cirrhosis. The ITS model showed an immediate decrease in HCC screenings in March and April 2020, with an overall level change of −71 screenings [95% confidence interval (CI): −105.9, −18.9]. We observed a significant decrease in HCC surveillance among study participants, regardless of HCV treatment status and age group, with the sharpest decrease among untreated HCV patients. A recovery of HCC surveillance followed this decline, reflected in an increasing trend of 7.8 screenings (95% CI: 0.6, 13.5) per month during the post‐policy period. There was no level or trend change in the number of individuals diagnosed with HCC. We observed a sharp decline in HCC surveillance among people living with HCV and cirrhosis in BC following the COVID‐19 pandemic control measures. HCC screening returned to pre‐pandemic levels by mid‐2020.
Effects of exposure to multiple metallic elements in the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth
Authors: Wu Ting , Luo Chuan , Li Tao , Zhang Chen , Chen Hui‐Xi , Mao Yi‐Ting , Wu Yan‐Ting , Huang He‐Feng
Published: June 2024

Exposure to certain heavy metals has been demonstrated to be associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, studies focused on the effects of other metal mixtures were limited. A nested case‒control study enrolling 94 PTB cases and 282 controls was conducted. Metallic elements were detected in maternal plasma collected in the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry. The effect of maternal exposure on the risk of PTB was investigated using logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile g computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Vanadium (V) and arsenic (As) were positively associated with PTB risk in the logistic model, and V remains positively associated in the multi‐exposure logistic model. QGC analysis determined V (69.42%) and nickel (Ni) (70.30%) as the maximum positive and negative contributors to the PTB risk, respectively. BKMR models further demonstrated a positive relationship between the exposure levels of the mixtures and PTB risk, and V was identified as the most important independent variable among the elements. RCS analysis showed an inverted U‐shape effect of V and gestational age, and plasma V more than 2.18 μg/L was considered a risk factor for shortened gestation length. Exposure to metallic elements mixtures consisting of V, As, cobalt, Ni, chromium and manganese in the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of PTB, and V was considered the most important factor in the mixtures in promoting the incidence of PTB.
A rendering‐based lightweight network for segmentation of high‐resolution crack images
Authors: Chu Honghu , Yu Diran , Chen Weiwei , Ma Jun , Deng Lu
Published: June 2024

High‐resolution (HR) crack images provide detailed structural assessments crucial for maintenance planning. However, the discrete nature of feature extraction in mainstream deep learning algorithms and computational limitations hinder refined segmentation. This study introduces a rendering‐based lightweight crack segmentation network (RLCSN) designed to efficiently predict refined masks for HR crack images. The RLCSN combines a deep semantic feature extraction architecture—merging Transformer with a super‐resolution boundary‐guided branch—to reduce environmental noise and preserve crack edge details. It also incorporates customized point‐wise refined rendering for training and inference, focusing computational resources on critical areas, and an efficient sparse training method to ensure efficient inference on commercial mobile computing platforms. Each RLCSN's components are validated through ablation studies and field tests, demonstrating its capability to enable unmanned aerial vehicle‐based inspections to detect cracks as narrow as 0.15 mm from a distance of 3 m, thereby enhancing inspection safety and efficiency.
Phenotypic and genotyping spectrum of two Iranian cases with RBCK1‐associated polyglucosan body myopathy
Authors: Babaee Marzieh , Nilipour Yalda , Alijanpour Sahar , Ghasemi Aida , Taghdiri Mohammad Mehdi , Sarraf Payam , Miryounesi Mohammad , Ramezani Mahtab
Published: June 2024

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of metabolic disorders affecting glycogen metabolism, with polyglucosan body myopathy type 1 (PGBM1) being a rare variant linked to RBCK1 gene mutations. Understanding the clinical diversity of PGBM1 aids in better characterization of the disease. Two unrelated Iranian families with individuals exhibiting progressive muscle weakness underwent clinical evaluations, genetic analysis using whole exome sequencing (WES), and histopathological examinations of muscle biopsies. In one case, a novel homozygous RBCK1 variant was identified, presenting with isolated myopathy without cardiac or immune involvement. Conversely, the second case harbored a known homozygous RBCK1 variant, displaying a broader phenotype encompassing myopathy, cardiomyopathy, inflammation, and immunodeficiency. Histopathological analyses confirmed characteristic skeletal muscle abnormalities consistent with PGBM1. Our study contributes to the expanding understanding of RBCK1‐related diseases, illustrating the spectrum of phenotypic variability associated with distinct RBCK1 variants. These findings underscore the importance of genotype–phenotype correlations in elucidating disease mechanisms and guiding clinical management. Furthermore, the utility of next‐generation sequencing techniques in diagnosing complex neurogenetic disorders is emphasized, facilitating precise diagnosis and enabling tailored genetic counseling for affected individuals and their families.
Iris luojiensis (Iridaceae), a new species from southwest China
Authors: Huang Han‐Wen , Wang Zi‐Yi , Zeng Si‐Yuan , Yang Qi‐Yi , Li Rong
Published: June 2024

Iris luojiensis Z.Y. Wang, H.W. Huang and R. Li sp. nov. from southwest China is described and illustrated. This species occurs on shrub slopes in mountainous regions of southwest China. Iris luojiensis is morphologically similar to Iris japonica Thunb., Iris calcicola Z. C. Lu, Z.P. Huang and Yan Liu and Iris wattii Baker, but easily distinguished from them by its bluish‐violet flowers, 3–6 flowering‐stem branches, leaf size, particularly the upper leaves, and by only having two to three (seldom one) flowers per bract. A phylogenetic analysis based on the complete plastid genome supports the separation of I. luojiensis from other morphologically related species. According to morphological and molecular evidence, I. luojiensis can be placed in the I. sect. Lophiris.
Evidence of microbiota–host dysbiosis between periodontitis and cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Zhuang Jiabao , Zhang Shufan , Chen Huiwen , Qiu Che , Feng Tienan , Zhou Wei , Han Xiang , Song Zhongchen
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To investigate the correlation between periodontitis and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) from the clinical and microbiological aspects.

Subjects and methods

Periodontitis patients (CP group, n = 31) and CSVD patients (CSVD group, n = 30) were examined for neurological and periodontal condition. Subgingival plaque was collected and performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Logistic regression and LASSO regression were used to analyze the periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiota related to CSVD, respectively. Inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were also detected and compared between the two groups.

Results

Clinical attachment level (CAL), teeth number and plaque index demonstrated a significant difference between CP and CSVD group, meanwhile, CAL was independently associated with CSVD. Besides, the microbial richness and composition were distinct between two groups. Five genera related to periodontal pathogens (Treponema, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas) were screened out by LASSO regression, suggesting a potential association with CSVD. Finally, the levels of inflammatory factors in GCF were statistically higher in CSVD group than those in CP group.

Conclusions

Cerebral small vessel disease patients demonstrated worse periodontal condition, meanwhile the interaction between microbiota dysbiosis and host factors (inflammation) leading to a better understanding of the association between periodontitis and CSVD.
The superior allele LEA12OR in wild rice enhances salt tolerance and yield
Authors: Ge Yuwei , Chen Gaoming , Cheng Xinran , Li Chao , Tian Yunlu , Chi Wenchao , Li Jin , Dai Zhaoyang , Wang Chunyuan , Duan Erchao , Liu Yan , Sun Zhiguang , Li Jingfang , Wang Baoxiang , Xu Dayong , Sun Xianjun , Zhang Hui , Zhang Wenhua , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin
Published: June 2024

Soil salinity has negative impacts on food security and sustainable agriculture. Ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment and reactive oxygen species scavenging are the main approaches utilized by rice to resist salt stress. Breeding rice cultivars with high salt tolerance (ST) and yield is a significant challenge due to the lack of elite alleles conferring ST. Here, we report that the elite allele LEA12OR, which encodes a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff., improves osmotic adjustment and increases yield under salt stress. Mechanistically, LEA12OR, as the early regulator of the LEA12OR‐OsSAPK10‐OsbZIP86‐OsNCED3 functional module, maintains the kinase stability of OsSAPK10 under salt stress, thereby conferring ST by promoting abscisic acid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice. The superior allele LEA12OR provides a new avenue for improving ST and yield via the application of LEA12OR in current rice through molecular breeding and genome editing.
Isolation and evaluation of novel male sterile and self‐incompatible mutant lines of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Rahevar P. M. , Chauhan R. M. , Patel P. T. , Patel M. P. , Bhadauria H. S. , Solanki S. D. , Viradiya Y. A. , Gami R. A. , Vaghela S. J.
Published: June 2024

Heterosis has long been harnessed in crop production, and while crop fertility lays the groundwork for leveraging heterosis, there remains a dearth of comprehensive data regarding genic male sterility in mungbean. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), being a self‐pollinating crop, exhibits significant hybrid vigour in F1 hybrid seed yield, suggesting the potential for developing hybrid varieties to propel mungbean yield beyond existing plateaus. A new male sterile mutant was induced, isolated, stabilized and evaluated, via gamma irradiation at a rate of 600 Gy, identified in the M3 generation of the GM 4 accession. A uniform male sterile line was crossbred with the wild‐type parental plant to explore the inheritance pattern of male sterility. Pollen sterility was validated through the acetocarmine test, while stigma viability was ascertained using the hydrogen peroxide. While all F1 plants displayed fertile flowers, the F2 generation showed a clear 3:1 segregation ratio for fertile to male sterile plants, indicating the control of male sterility by a single recessive gene, mms. Also, a novel existence of a truncated stigma nestled within the anther column inhibits the effective reception of pollen during anthesis, offering potential in reducing emasculation time by a slight cut on the flower bud and enhancing cross pollination during hybrid seed production. The isolation of these two mutants is poised to significantly advance the global mungbean hybrid breeding programme.
Multivariate sharp‐wave ripples in schizophrenia during awake state
Authors: Ohki Takefumi , Chao Zenas C. , Takei Yuichi , Kato Yutaka , Sunaga Masakazu , Suto Tomohiro , Tagawa Minami , Fukuda Masato
Published: June 2024

Aims

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a brain disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Recently, irregularities in sharp‐wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) have been reported in SZ. As SPW‐Rs play a critical role in memory, their irregularities can cause psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with SZ. In this study, we investigated the SPW‐Rs in human SZ.

Methods

We measured whole‐brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with SZ (n = 20) and sex‐ and age‐matched healthy participants (n = 20) during open‐eye rest. We identified SPW‐Rs and analyzed their occurrence and time‐frequency traits. Furthermore, we developed a novel multivariate analysis method, termed “ripple‐gedMEG” to extract the global features of SPW‐Rs. We also examined the association between SPW‐Rs and brain state transitions. The outcomes of these analyses were modeled to predict the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores of SZ.

Results

We found that SPW‐Rs in the SZ (1) occurred more frequently, (2) the delay of the coupling phase (3) appeared in different brain areas, (4) consisted of a less organized spatiotemporal pattern, and (5) were less involved in brain state transitions. Finally, some of the neural features associated with the SPW‐Rs were found to be PANSS‐positive, a pathological indicator of SZ. These results suggest that widespread but disorganized SPW‐Rs underlies the symptoms of SZ.

Conclusion

We identified irregularities in SPW‐Rs in SZ and confirmed that their alternations were strongly associated with SZ neuropathology. These results suggest a new direction for human SZ research.
What Italian PICU Healthcare Providers Think About Donation After Cardiocirculatory Determination of Death: A National Survey
Authors: Giugni Cristina , Cecchi Costanza , Giometto Sabrina , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Mondardini Cristina , Chiusolo Fabrizio , Giannini Alberto , Astuto Marinella , Figini Maria , Piazza Marcello , Tosoni Alvise , Ricci Zaccaria
Published: June 2024

Background

Italy presently does not have a pediatric organ donation program after cardiocirculatory determination of death (pDCDD). Before implementing a pDCDD program, many centers globally have conducted studies on the attitudes of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff. This research aims to minimize potential adverse reactions and evaluate the acceptance of the novel donation practice.

Methods

We conducted an electronic and anonymous survey on attitudes toward pDCDD among healthcare professionals (HCPs) working at eight Italian PICUs. The survey had three parts: (I) questions about general demographic data; (II) 18 statements about personal wishes to donate, experience of discussing donation, and knowledge about donation; (III) attitudinal statements regarding two pediatric Maastricht III scenarios of organ donation.

Results

The response rate was 54.4%, and the majority of respondents were nurses. Of those who responded, 45.3% worked in the Center, 40.8% in the North, and 12.8% in the South of Italy. In total, 93.9% supported pediatric organ and tissue donation, 90.3% supported donation after neurological determination of death (DNDD), 78.2% supported pDCDD, and 69.7% felt comfortable about the idea of participating in pDCDD on Type III patients, with a higher percentage of supportive responses in the Center (77.2%) than in the North (65.1%) and South (54.5%) of Italy (p‐value < 0.004). Concerning scenarios, 79.3% of participants believed that organ retrieval took place in a patient who was already deceased. Overall, 27.3% considered their knowledge about DCDD to be adequate.

Conclusions

Our study provides insight into the attitudes and knowledge of PICU staff members regarding pDCDD in Italy. Despite a general lack of knowledge on the subject, respondents showed positive attitudes toward pDCDD and a strong consensus that the Italian legislation protocol for determining death based on cardiocirculatory criteria respects the “dead donor rule.” There were several distinctions among the northern, central, and southern regions of Italy, and in our view, these disparities can be attributed to the varying practices of commemorating the deceased. In order to assess how practice and training influence the attitude of PICU staff members, it would be interesting to repeat the survey after the implementation of a program.
Addressing Substance Use in the Adolescent Transplant Population
Authors: Williams Brian S. , Kaye Jesse T.
Published: June 2024

Adolescence is a unique period of physical and psychosocial changes as youth transition, over many years, to adulthood. The psychosocial changes that accompany adolescence include emotional separation from parents, greater influence of peer groups, an interest in self‐identification and autonomy, and increased risk‐taking behaviors. Substance use is a common form of risk‐taking behavior in the adolescent developmental stage. Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis are the most common types of substances used in the United States. In the adolescent transplant population, rates of substance use appear to be at, or slightly below, their peer counterparts. Substance use can lead to deleterious health outcomes for adolescent transplant patients as a result of impaired decision‐making, reduction in medication and clinic visit compliance, increases in mental health disorders, and risk for developing dependence and a substance use disorder. Given the close relationship that many pediatric transplant providers have with their patients and families, transplant care teams are in an excellent position to help their patients by addressing adolescent substance use. This narrative review describes how providers can use proactive standardized approaches to identify and intervene with substance use behavior.
YABBY transcription factor family in the octoploid Fragaria × ananassa and five diploid Fragaria species
Authors: Jara‐Cornejo K. , Zúñiga P. E. , Rivera‐Mora C. , Bustos E. , Garrido‐Bigotes A. , Ruiz‐Lara S. , Figueroa C. R.
Published: June 2024

YABBY genes encode specific TFs of seed plants involved in development and formation of leaves, flowers, and fruit. In the present work, genome‐wide and expression analyses of the YABBY gene family were performed in six species of the Fragaria genus: Fragaria × ananassa, F. daltoniana, F. nilgerrensis, F. pentaphylla, F. viridis, and F. vesca.

The chromosomal location, synteny pattern, gene structure, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. By combining RNA‐seq data and RT‐qPCR analysis we explored specific expression of YABBYs in F. × ananassa and F. vesca. We also analysed the promoter regions of FaYABBYs and performed MeJA application to F. × ananassa fruit to observe effects on gene expression.

We identified and characterized 25 YABBY genes in F. × ananassa and six in each of the other five species, which belong to FIL/YAB3 (YABBY1), YAB2 (YABBY2), YAB5 (YABBY5), CRC, and INO clades previously described. Division of the YABBY1 clade into YABBY1.1 and YABBY1.2 subclades is reported. We observed differential expression according to tissue, where some FaYABBYs are expressed mainly in leaves and flowers and to a minor extent during fruit development of F. × ananassa. Specifically, the FaINO genes contain jasmonate‐responsive cis‐acting elements in their promoters which may be functional since FaINOs are upregulated in F. × ananassa fruit under MeJA treatment.

This study suggests that YABBY TFs play an important role in the development‐ and environment‐associated responses of the Fragaria genus.
Callous‐unemotional traits and pre‐ejection period in response to reward
Authors: Chen Frances R. , Nowak Montana K. , French Katherine M.
Published: June 2024

Callous‐unemotional (CU) traits have important utility in distinguishing individuals exhibiting more severe and persistent antisocial behavior, and our understanding of reward processing and CU traits contributes to behavioral modification. However, research on CU traits often investigated reward alongside punishment and examined solely on average reward reactivity, neglecting the reward response pattern over time such as habituation. This study assessed individuals' pre‐ejection period (PEP), a sympathetic nervous system cardiac‐linked biomarker with specificity to reward, during a simple reward task to investigate the association between CU traits and both average reward reactivity and reward response pattern over time (captured as responding trajectory). A heterogeneous sample of 126 adult males was recruited from a major metropolitan area in the US. Participants reported their CU traits using the Inventory of Callous‐Unemotional Traits and completed a simple reward task while impedance cardiography and electrocardiogram were recorded to derive PEP. The results revealed no significant association between average PEP reward reactivity and CU traits. However, CU traits predicted both linear and quadratic slopes of the PEP reactivity trajectory: individuals with higher CU traits had slower habituation initially, followed by a rapid habituation in later blocks. Findings highlight the importance of modeling the trajectory of PEP reward response when studying CU traits. We discussed the implications of individuals with high CU traits having the responding pattern of slower initial habituation followed by rapid habituation to reward and the possible mechanisms.
First‐in‐human use of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic platform with integrated Tool‐in‐Lesion Tomosynthesis (TiLT) technology for peripheral pulmonary lesions: The FRONTIER study
Authors: Saghaie Tajalli , Williamson Jonathan P. , Phillips Martin , Kafili Dona , Sundar Sarika , Hogarth D. Kyle , Ing Alvin
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective

As the presentation of pulmonary nodules increases, the importance of a safe and accurate method of sampling peripheral pulmonary nodules is highlighted. First‐generation robotic bronchoscopy has successfully assisted navigation and improved peripheral reach during bronchoscopy. Integrating tool‐in‐lesion tomosynthesis (TiLT) may further improve yield.

Methods

We performed a first‐in‐human clinical trial of a new robotic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system with integrated digital tomosynthesis technology (Galaxy System, Noah Medical). Patients with moderate‐risk peripheral pulmonary nodules were enrolled in the study. Robotic bronchoscopy was performed using electromagnetic navigation with TiLT‐assisted lesion guidance. Non‐specific results were followed up until either a clear diagnosis was achieved or repeat radiology at 6 months demonstrated stability.

Results

Eighteen patients (19 nodules) were enrolled. The average lesion size was 20 mm, and the average distance from the pleura was 11.6 mm. The target was successfully reached in 100% of nodules, and the biopsy tool was visualized inside the target lesion in all cases. A confirmed specific diagnosis was achieved in 17 nodules, 13 of which were malignant. In one patient, radiological monitoring confirmed a true non‐malignant result. This translates to a yield of 89.5% (strict) to 94.7% (intermediate). Complications included one pneumothorax requiring observation only and another requiring an overnight chest drain. There was one case of severe pneumonia following the procedure.

Conclusion

In this first‐in‐human study, second‐generation robotic bronchoscopy using electromagnetic navigation combined with integrated digital tomosynthesis was feasible with an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated a high diagnostic yield for small peripheral lung nodules.

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A literature review: Mathematics vocabulary intervention for students with mathematics difficulty
Authors: Lariviere Danielle O. , Arsenault Tessa L. , Payne S. Blair
Published: June 2024

This paper details a literature review of mathematics vocabulary intervention studies for students with mathematics difficulty. The primary aim was to identify instructional practices that support mathematics vocabulary development. We conducted a database search to identify mathematics intervention studies either focused exclusively on vocabulary or with an embedded vocabulary component. Ultimately, 13 studies with participants from kindergarten to Grade 8 were included in the review. The majority of included studies had dual foci on vocabulary and other mathematics content, including whole number computation, word problem solving, fractions, algebra, or geometry. All studies that measured mathematics vocabulary performance indicated positive student outcomes. In addition, multiple studies indicated positive effects on measures of other mathematics content beyond mathematics vocabulary knowledge. We noted six instructional practices across studies that bolstered the mathematics vocabulary performance of students with mathematics difficulty. From most to least common, these practices included formal vocabulary use, explicit instruction, use of representations, repeated exposures, pre‐teaching, and graphic organizers. Implications are addressed for both researchers and practitioners.
Transfusion support and pre‐transfusion testing in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Binsfeld Marilène , Devey Anaïs , Gothot André
Published: June 2024

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is characterized by an increased destruction of red blood cells due to immune dysfunction and auto‐antibody production. Clinical manifestations are mainly related to anaemia, which can become life‐threatening in case of acute haemolysis. Aiming at counterbalancing severe anaemia, supportive treatments for these patients frequently include transfusions. Unfortunately, free serum auto‐antibodies greatly interfere in pre‐transfusion testing, and the identification of compatible red blood cell units for AIHA patients can be challenging or even impossible. Problems faced in pre‐transfusion testing often lead to delay or abandonment of transfusions for AIHA patients. In this review, we discuss publications concerning global transfusion management in AIHA, with a focus on pre‐transfusion testing, and practical clues to manage the selection of transfusion units for these patients. Depending on the degree of transfusion emergency, we propose an algorithm for the selection and laboratory testing of units to be transfused to AIHA patients.