bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Complex Simplicity: The Relationship of Religiosity and Nonreligiosity to Life Satisfaction
Authors: Pöhls Katharina
Published: May 2021

Most previous research purportedly indicates a stable linear relationship between (non)religiosity and life satisfaction, but a review of these studies reveals a less consistent relationship and several conceptual and methodological issues. More recent research adds to the relationship's complexity by indicating that certain government regulations, social norms of religiosity, and a country's level of societal development interact with the relationship between individual (non)religiosity and life satisfaction. At the individual level, nonbelief certainty, nonreligious identity, belief in science, secular sources of meaning in life, and nonreligious group memberships appear to be central to nonreligious individuals’ life satisfaction. These findings emphasize the need for considering interactions with context factors, for differentiating between (non)religious subgroups, for multidimensional conceptualizations of nonreligiosity beyond the mere absence of religiosity, and for testing for nonlinear relationships. When these aspects are included in empirical research, differences in the level of life satisfaction between religious and nonreligious individuals largely disappear.
Effects of crushed mussel, Perna canaliculus, shell enrichment on seawater carbonate buffering and development of conspecific larvae exposed to near‐future ocean acidification
Authors: Ericson Jessica A. , Ragg Norman L. C.
Published: May 2021

Perna canaliculus is an aquaculture species vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Returning shell waste to the sea after commercial processing has potential to provide localized buffering to OA. We investigated whether seawater enrichment with crushed shell buffers carbonate chemistry and improves P. canaliculus larval performance under current (400 μatm) and future (1,100 μatm) PCO2 conditions. Fertilized eggs from two parent pools were reared for 42 hr in seawater previously enriched with shell or non‐enriched. Aragonite saturation state (ΩA) decreased in high PCO2 seawater (ΩA 1.26, compared to 2.54 under present‐day conditions). This was partially mitigated by shell enrichment (ΩA 1.44). In high PCO2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐treated seawater, shell enrichment resulted in minor increases in the proportion of larvae developing into normal veligers (no shell = 3.7 ± 3.0%, shell = 9.6 ± 4.7%; mean ± SD). Larvae failed to develop normally in the absence of EDTA, with the exception of ambient PCO2 seawater enriched with shell, which yielded a pool‐dependent mean 2.3–17.8% normal veligers, possibly reflecting other properties of crushed shell including metal uptake. Non‐buffering effects of crushed shell, parental pool, and inclusion of a chelator (EDTA) in seawater appeared to have a greater influence upon larval performance than buffering per se, warranting further investigation.
Complementary feeding in Kongwa, Tanzania: Findings to inform a mycotoxin mitigation trial
Authors: Mollay Clara , Kassim Neema , Stoltzfus Rebecca , Kimanya Martin
Published: May 2021

Complementary feeding of 6‐ to 24‐month‐old infants and young children with adequate, safe and developmentally appropriate food is essential to child health. Inappropriate complementary foods and feeding practices are linked to the high incidences of undernutrition among infant and young children in most developing countries, including Tanzania. Mycotoxin risk is an additional concern, given the documented presence of aflatoxin and fumonisin in food systems of Africa, especially maize and groundnut. In preparation for a trial of mycotoxin mitigation, we conducted focus group discussions and recipe trials to explore complementary foods and feeding practices in Kongwa, a rural district of central Tanzania. Sixty mothers of infants from 6 to 18 months of age in five villages across the district were purposefully sampled. During focus group discussions, mothers reported to mostly feed their children with cereal and groundnut‐based foods as thin or thick porridges. The most common porridge preparations contained cereal (mostly, maize) ranging from 66.7% to 80.0% by weight and groundnuts from 7.7% to 33.3%. The ratio of cereal to groundnut ranged from 3:1 to 4:1. For the recipe trial sessions, mothers chose similar ingredients reported during discussions to prepare complementary foods. The reliance on maize and groundnuts in complementary foods predisposes the children to undernutrition and exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins. These formative research results suggest multiple intervention points to improve complementary feeding and reduce mycotoxin exposure in this population, including education messages package on feeding practices, mycotoxin control practices and complementary food formulation.
Pembrolizumab‐caused polyradiculoneuropathy as an immune‐related adverse event
Authors: Kurashige Takashi , Mito Mineyo , Yamamoto Hideki , Sugiura Tomohito , Onoe Takashi , Kuraoka Kazuya , Nakano Kikuo , Torii Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2021

Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) commonly involve the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, skin, and liver, and rarely the nervous system. The pathomechanism of irAEs in the nervous system is unclear, and so characterizing these severe toxic effects is a priority, even if irAEs are uncommon in the nervous system. Our patient presented subacute muscle weakness and dysesthesia with colitis as irAEs caused by pembrolizumab, one of the anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies. Electromyography revealed abundant fibrillations and fasciculations of upper and lower extremities and severe reduction in motor unit potentials; however, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, rheumatoid factor, autoantibodies against Hu and Yo, and anti‐ganglioside antibodies, such as GQ1b, were undetectable in the serum. Although he was treated with high‐dose glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and a monoclonal anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antibody, he developed colonic perforation. The total colorectal resection was performed, and the resected colon showed mucosal defect and perforation. He died of lung aspergillosis. Postmortem examination revealed CD8‐positive lymphocyte infiltration around neurons of dorsal root ganglia. The sciatic nerve displayed the widening of myelin laminae and thinning of myelinated fibers but not a decrease in the density of myelinated nerve fibers. In the sural nerve, the density of myelinated fibers slightly decreased, and some fibers showed less densely myelinated laminae. Drug safety information, including previous randomized trials of anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) antibodies, showed that patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 antibodies appeared to have more frequent and severe peripheral neuropathies compared to those in patients who received anti‐CTLA‐4 antibodies (1.59% vs. 0.69%; Fisher exact test, P < 0.001; three severe events vs. zero severe events). The present results and drug safety information suggest that the pathomechanism of irAEs caused by anti‐PD‐1 antibodies is different from that by anti‐CTLA‐4 antibodies. The neurological irAEs might be clues to solving the pathomechanism of irAEs.
Transitional states of sarcopenia: the trajectory of fat accumulation and glucose fluctuation on risk of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Wu Shou‐En , Chen Wei‐Liang
Published: May 2021

The association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been well established. Nevertheless, the transition process between normal and low muscle mass (LMM) states and the effect of this transition on MetS has been less explored. Our study here examined whether the direction toward or away from LMM alters the risks of MetS. Initially, gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that MetS correlates with sarcopenia at the genetic level. Subsequently, 6476 eligible participants older than 60 years were enrolled between 2010 and 2016 at Tri‐Service General Hospital, Taiwan for evaluation. We discovered an inverse association between the skeletal muscle mass percentage and the risk of MetS. Participants were categorized into four subgroups: state 1 (normal→normal), state 2 (LMM→normal), state 3 (normal→LMM), and state 4 (LMM→LMM). State 4 had increased hazard ratios (HRs) of MetS, while state 2 revealed decreased HRs of MetS, hypertension (HTN), and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). State 2 also showed decreased HRs for all five MetS components. Despite the fact that state 3 did not reach statistical significance, increased body fat percentage and glucose fluctuation were observed in this group. The transition direction toward LMM (states 3 and 4) showed deterioration in metabolic indices, leading to increased HRs for MetS, HTN, and T2DM. Conducting timely intervention during this transition process may effectively prevent adverse events accompanying LMM.
Irreducible Traumatic Radial Head Dislocation Due to Annular Ligament Interposition in a Child with Ulnar Plastic Deformation: A Case Report
Authors: Tran Dung T , Vu Nam T , Nguyen Quynh T , Duong Toan D , Hoang Du G , Dinh Son N , Le Son M , Dao Thanh X , Nguyen Long H
Published: May 2021

Background

The traumatic dislocation of the radial head in children is commonly treated by closed reduction. Sometimes, however, this strategy of treatment may not be effective due to the location of soft tissues in the radio‐shoulder joint. The literature presents a few cases of the irreducible radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation. Because it is a relatively rare condition, such a traumatic dislocation can be easily missed. Neglected injuries can lead to unwanted complications and unpredictable surgical outcomes.

Case presentation

This study presents a relatively rare case of traumatic radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation in a 3‐year‐old child, which was successfully treated by open reduction. The examined case did not require osteotomy and ligamentous reconstruction. The initial attempt of closed reduction failed due to annular ligament interposition, which has been detected on MRI. After 3 months of treatment, the range of motion of the operated arm gradually improved. At the 6‐month follow‐up, the Mayo elbow‐performance score indicated an excellent treatment outcome.

Conclusions

The delayed treatment of radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation can hinder the supination and pronation of the forearm, resulting in elbow/forearm deformity. The earlier this condition is detected, the easier it will be to treat it and the better the treatment outcome will be. The examined case of irreversible traumatic dislocation, successfully treated by open reduction, may help to treat radial head dislocation better.
Efficacy of One‐stage Paravertebral Approach using a Micro‐Tubular Technique in Treating Thoracic Dumbbell Tumors
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Yan , Liang Zeyan , Yang Weizhong , Chen Chunmei
Published: May 2021

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of one‐stage surgical resection of thoracic dumbbell tumors using a paravertebral approach and a micro‐tubular technique.

Methods

Clinical data of thoracic dumbbell tumors resected using a paravertebral approach and a micro‐tubular technique (14 mm, non‐expandable type) in the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital from July 2014 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Tumors were found between T1 and T12 vertebrae. Operation time, blood loss, hospitalization, recovery of neurological function, complications, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy.

Results

In all 31 cases, tumors were completely resected in one operation, with a mean blood loss of 53.23 ± 33.08 mL (20–150 mL) and a mean operation time of 95.16 ± 20.31 min (60–180 min). According to the Eden classification, there were four type II cases, 16 type III cases, and 11 type IV cases. The incidence of tumors in the lower thoracic segment (T8–T12) was 51.6% (16/31 cases), while the incidences in the upper thoracic segment (T1–T4) and middle segment (T5–T8) were 25.8% (8/31 cases) and 22.6% (7/31 cases), respectively. Pathological diagnoses were schwannoma (n = 22), gangliocytoma (n = 4), metastatic tumor (n = 2), neurofibroma (n = 1), granuloma (n = 1), and lipoma (n = 1). After surgery, symptoms were relieved in all patients. VAS and JOA scores significantly improved (P < 0.001). There was no pleural or lung injury, and there were no complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The average follow‐up duration was 29 months (13–59 months), during which time no tumor recurrence or spinal instability occurred. The group of Eden type II tumors had lower JOA scores at 12 months postoperatively, longer operation times, and more estimated blood loss compared with other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant influences on VAS scores at 12 months postoperatively and postoperative hospital stay from the different types of tumors.

Conclusion

The paravertebral approach with a micro‐tubular technique is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical approach for thoracic dumbbell tumors that allows one‐stage tumor resection using a single incision. Using this approach significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications, shortens hospital stay, and reduces the rates of postoperative spinal instability.
Application of Spinal Robotic Navigation Technology to Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Treatment of Spinal Fractures: A Clinical, Non‐Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Shi Bin , Jiang Tianyu , Du Hailong , Zhang Wei , Hu Lei , Zhang Lihai
Published: May 2021

Objective

To introduce a new robotic navigation system that assists pedicle screw implantation and verify the accuracy and stability of the system.

Methods

Pedicle screw placements were performed on the thoracic vertebrae (T)9–Lumbar vertebrae (L)5 thoracolumbar vertebrae of cadavers using robotic guidance. The operative duration, puncture success, correction, and correction time were assessed. Additionally, a total of 30 thoracolumbar fractures from September 2017 until June 2019 were included in a clinical study. Two groups were evaluated: the robotic guidance group and freehand group. Both sexes were evaluated. Mean ages were 47.0 and 49.1 years, respectively, in the robotic and freehand groups. Inclusion criteria was age >18 years and a thoracolumbar fracture. Intervention was the operative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Outcome parameters were the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and fluoroscopic data. The accuracy of the pedicle screw placement and screw penetration rate of the two groups were compared using intraoperative fluoroscopic axial images.

Results

The success rate for 108 one‐time nail placements in cadavers was 88% and two‐time nail placement was 100%. Vertebral punctures at L5 took the longest to perform and achieve correction. Clinically, there were no significant differences in patients' sex, body mass index, age distribution, or intraoperative bleeding between the groups. The average X‐ray exposure time for patients and operators were 37.69 ± 9.24 s and 0 s in the robotic group (significantly lower than in the freehand group: 81.24 ± 6.97 s vs 56.29 ± 7.93 s, respectively). Success rates for one‐time screw placements were 98.64 and 88.46% in the robotic and freehand groups, respectively, which is significant. Screw penetration rates (1.36% vs 11.54%, robotic vs freehand), were significantly different.

Conclusions

The robotic system improved the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw internal fixation and reduced patients' and operators' intraoperative radiation exposure.
Olfactory Amodal Completion
Authors: Young Benjamin D. , Nanay Bence
Published: May 2021

Amodal completion is the representation of those parts of the perceived object that we get no sensory stimulation from. While amodal completion is rife and plays an essential role in all sense modalities, philosophical discussions of this phenomenon have almost entirely been limited to vision. The aim of this paper is to examine in what sense we can talk about amodal completion in olfaction. We distinguish three different senses of amodal completion – spatial, temporal, and feature‐based completion – and argue that all three are present and play a significant role in olfaction.
Paediatric deceased donor kidney transplant in Australia: A 30‐year review—What have paediatric bonuses achieved and where to from here?
Authors: Sypek Matthew P. , Davies Christopher E. , Le Page Amelia K. , Clayton Philip , Hughes Peter D. , Larkins Nicholas , Wong Germaine , Kausman Joshua Y. , Mackie Fiona
Published: May 2021

Background

In this 30‐year national review, we describe trends in DD transplantation for paediatric recipients, assess the impact of paediatric allocation bonuses and identify outstanding areas of need for this population.

Methods

A retrospective review of all DD kidney only transplants to paediatric recipients (<18 years old) in Australia between 1989 and 2018 was conducted using deidentified extracts from the ANZDATA.

Results

Of the 1011 kidney only transplants performed in paediatric recipients during the study period, 426 (42%) were from deceased donors. Paediatric candidates on the DD waiting list had consistently higher rates of transplantation and shorter time from dialysis initiation to transplantation compared with adult candidates (median 372 vs 832 days in 2018, for example). Donor characteristics remained more favourable for paediatric recipients, despite a decline in the overall quality of the donor pool. The mean number of HLA antigen mismatches for paediatric recipients of DD transplants increased each decade (2.86 [1989–1998], 3.85 [1999–2008], 4.01 [2009–2018]). Both patient and graft survival have improved for paediatric DD transplant recipients in the most recent era (5‐year graft and patient survival 85% vs 65% and 99% vs 94%, respectively, for 2009–2018 vs 1999–2008).

Conclusions

The current DD kidney allocation system in Australia provides rapid access to high‐quality organs for paediatric recipients, and early graft loss has decreased significantly in recent years; however, additional targeted interventions to address HLA matching may improve long‐term outcomes in this population.
The experience of individuals placed in quarantine: A systematic review, meta‐summary, and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Basso Martina , Visintini Erica , Achil Illarj , Fabris Stefano , Mattiussi Elisa , Danielis Matteo , Palese Alvisa
Published: May 2021

Objective

To summarize the experience of individuals placed in quarantine during an outbreak.

Design

A meta‐summary and a meta‐synthesis based upon a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Sample

The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were all searched up to April 2020.

Measurements

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed; then, the methodological quality of the studies included was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool for qualitative studies.

Results

Five studies have been included documenting the experience of 125 adult individuals. A total of 16 codes emerged: in the meta‐summary, the most and least frequent codes were “Thinking about quarantine” (80%) and “Emotional roller coaster,” “Being alert for any symptom,” “Trusting or not?,” “Knowing who brought the infection,” and “Living in a surreal world” (20%). The codes which emerged were categorized into three main themes which summarized the whole experience of being placed in quarantine: (a) “Being swamped with a thousand emotions”; (b) “Being restrained”; and (c) “Needing to be considered.”

Conclusions

The experience of quarantine for people is a long journey which can feel chaotic due to uncertainty about the consequences on health, work, and the future. The findings of this study can help nurses in caring for quarantined individuals by enabling them to understand people's need for educational and emotional support. Ensuring the supply of consistent information is also important to increase people's compliance.
Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of Phaseolus vulgaris resistance to Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans
Authors: Monteiro Ana Leticia R. , Pantaleão Augusto S. L. , Badel Jorge L. , Soares Pedro H. M. , Carneiro Vinicius Q. , Carneiro Pedro C. S. , Carneiro José Eustáquio S.
Published: May 2021

Common bean is one of the main legumes used for food worldwide. Among the main limitations for its production is common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans (Xcf). The most desirable method to control the disease is the use of plant genetic resistance, but resistance against Xcf has not been sufficiently investigated. Genetic studies have shown that resistance to CBB is of quantitative type, but no gene associated with resistance has been identified. Here, we aimed to determine the resistance to CBB of 103 Mesoamerican common bean cultivars by evaluating disease severity and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) after inoculation with a Xcf strain. In addition, 80 of the evaluated cultivars were used to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the resistance phenotype in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Twenty‐nine cultivars were classified as highly resistant, 15 of which are shown to be resistant to CBB for the first time in this work. A positive correlation between AUDPC and disease severity was observed. The 10 SNPs with the highest −log10(p) values in the GWAS are located on bean chromosomes Pv01, Pv03, Pv06, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11 within or near genes predicted to code for biochemical functions such as serine/threonine‐protein kinase, glutamine synthase, lectin domain protein, MADS‐domain transcription factor, and pentatricopeptide repeat protein, previously associated with immunity. This work identifies common bean germplasm resistant to Xcf, molecular markers for germplasm selection, and genes potentially involved in the resistance response.
Limited plasticity in embolism resistance in response to light in leaves and stems in species with considerable vulnerability segmentation
Authors: Avila Rodrigo T. , Cardoso Amanda A. , Batz Timothy A. , Kane Cade N. , DaMatta Fábio M. , McAdam Scott A. M.
Published: May 2021

Xylem resistance to embolism is a key metric determining plant survival during drought. Yet, we have a limited understanding of the degree of plasticity in vulnerability to embolism. Here, we tested whether light availability influences embolism resistance in leaves and stems. The optical vulnerability method was used to assess stem and leaf resistance to embolism in Phellodendron amurense and Ilex verticillata acclimated to sun and shade microenvironments within the same canopy. In both species, we found considerable segmentation in xylem resistance to embolism between leaves and stems, but only minor acclimation in response to light availability. With the addition of a third species, Betula pubescens, which shows no vulnerability segmentation, we sought to investigate xylem anatomical traits that might correlate with strong vulnerability segmentation. We found a correlation between the area fraction of vessels in the xylem and embolism resistance across species and tissue types. Our results suggest that minimal acclimation of embolism resistance occurs in response to light environment in the same individual and that the degree of vulnerability segmentation between leaves and stems might be determined by the vessel lumen fraction of the xylem.
Embodiment of sleep‐related words: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Hülsemann Mareike J. , Rasch Björn
Published: May 2021

Our thoughts can influence sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. According to the theory of “embodied cognition,” the semantic content of cognitive processes is represented by multimodal networks in the brain, which include body‐related functions. Such multimodal representations could offer a mechanism, which explains mutual influences between cognition and sleep. Here we tested whether sleep‐related words are represented in multimodal networks by examining the effect of congruent versus incongruent body positions on word processing during wakefulness. We experimentally manipulated the body position of 66 subjects (19–40 years old) between standing upright and lying down. Sleep‐ and activity‐related words were presented around the individual speech recognition threshold. Our results show that word processing was facilitated in congruent body positions (sleep words: lying down and activity words: standing upright) compared with incongruent body positions, as indicated by a reduced N400 in the congruent condition with the lowest volume. In addition, early sensory components of the ERP (N180 and P280) were enhanced, suggesting that words were also acoustically better understood in a congruent body position. However, the difference in ERPs did not translate to differences on a behavioral level. Our results support the prediction of embodied processing of sleep‐ and activity‐related words. Body position potentially induces a pre‐activation of multimodal networks, thereby enhancing access to the semantic concepts of words related to current body position. The link between semantic meaning and body‐related function could be a key element in explaining the influences of cognitive processing on sleep.
A tale of two morphs: developmental patterns and mechanisms of seed coat differentiation in the dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Arshad Waheed , Lenser Teresa , Wilhelmsson Per K. I. , Chandler Jake O. , Steinbrecher Tina , Marone Federica , Pérez Marta , Collinson Margaret E. , Stuppy Wolfgang , Rensing Stefan A. , Theißen Günter , Leubner‐Metzger Gerhard
Published: May 2021

The developmental transition from a fertilized ovule to a dispersed diaspore (seed or fruit) involves complex differentiation processes of the ovule's integuments leading to the diversity in mature seed coat structures in angiosperms. In this study, comparative imaging and transcriptome analysis were combined to investigate the morph‐specific developmental differences during outer seed coat differentiation and mucilage production in Aethionema arabicum, the Brassicaceae model for diaspore dimorphism. One of the intriguing adaptations of this species is the production and dispersal of morphologically distinct, mucilaginous and non‐mucilaginous diaspores from the same plant (dimorphism). The dehiscent fruit morph programme producing multiple mucilaginous seed diaspores was used as the default trait combination, similar to Arabidopsis thaliana, and was compared with the indehiscent fruit morph programme leading to non‐mucilaginous diaspores. Synchrotron‐based radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy revealed a co‐ordinated framework of morph‐specific early changes in internal anatomy of developing A. arabicum gynoecia including seed abortion in the indehiscent programme and mucilage production by the mucilaginous seed coat. The associated comparative analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed that the unique seed coat dimorphism of Ae. arabicum provides an excellent model system for comparative study of the control of epidermal cell differentiation and mucilage biosynthesis by the mucilage transcription factor cascade and their downstream cell wall and mucilage remodelling genes. Elucidating the underlying molecular framework of the dimorphic diaspore syndrome is key to understanding differential regulation of bet‐hedging survival strategies in challenging environments, timely in the face of global climatic change.
Root‐secreted peptide OsPEP1 regulates primary root elongation in rice
Authors: Xiang Dan , Meng Funing , Wang Aodi , Wu Yunrong , Wang Zhiye , Zheng Shaojian , Mao Chuanzao
Published: May 2021

Hormone‐like signaling peptides play essential roles in plant growth and development; however, few peptides regulating root development have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we combined liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) with whole‐genome in silico screening for root‐secreted peptides in rice. We identified the five‐amino‐acid PEPTIDE 1 (PEP1) encoded by OsPEP1 (LOC_Os11g09560). OsPEP1 was expressed highly in root tissues, especially root cap cells and epidermal cells in the root maturation zone. Exogenous application of PEP1 inhibited primary root growth. Notably, OsPEP1 RNA interference (RNAi) lines had short primary roots with small meristems and short cells in the root elongation zone; furthermore, the short root phenotype of OsPEP1 RNAi plants could be rescued by exogenous application of PEP1. Our transcriptome data further revealed that PEP1 could reprogram the expression of genes in different pathways, including oxidation–reduction. OsPEP1 overexpression lines similarly displayed short roots, although this phenotype was not rescued by exogenous PEP1. These results suggest that root growth can be inhibited by both too much and too little PEP1. Our findings highlight PEP1 as a candidate plant peptide hormone regulating root development in rice.
Cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features of granulomatous colitis in a French Bulldog
Authors: Conrado Francisco O. , Jones Emery A. , Graham Erin A. , Simpson Kenneth W. , Craft William F. , Beatty Sarah S. K.
Published: May 2021

A young French Bulldog was presented with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease, unresponsive to medical therapies. Parasite screenings and abdominal ultrasound failed to identify the etiology of the clinical signs. Cytologic evaluation of a rectal scraping sample diagnosed presumptive granulomatous colitis (GC) based on the presence of numerous macrophages with characteristic abundant, pink, granular cytoplasm, which showed an intense pink color when stained with periodic acid‐Schiff. Tissue biopsy samples and Escherichia coli fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. The cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features and staining properties of GC in a French Bulldog are reported. Rectal scraping should be considered a part of the diagnostic evaluation in patients with suspected GC.
Glargine versus regular insulin protocol in feline diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K. , Luckschander‐Zeller Nicole , Karlovits Sonja , Rand Jaquie S.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To determine whether basal‐bolus administration of glargine insulin is a safe and effective alternative treatment compared to the standard continuous rate infusion (CRI) protocol.

Design

Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Twenty cats diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Interventions

The cats were block‐randomized to either a CRI protocol using regular insulin (CRI‐group; n = 10) or a basal‐bolus SC and IM glargine protocol (glargine‐group, n = 10). Baseline blood gases, electrolytes, glucose, and β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) concentrations were measured at the time of admission and later at predefined intervals until reaching the primary endpoint of the study, defined as a β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration < 2.55 mmol/L.

Measurements and main results

The main outcome measure was time (h) to resolution of ketonemia. Secondary outcome measures were time until first improvement of hyperglycemia and ketonemia, decrease of glucose to ≤13.9 mmol/L (250 mg/dL), resolution of acidosis, consumption of first meal, and discharge from hospital. Additionally, occurrence of treatment‐associated adverse events and death were compared. Seventeen cats (85%) survived to discharge, with no difference in survival between groups (P = 1.0). Median times to β‐OHB < 2.55 mmol/L were 42 (CRI‐group) and 30 (glargine‐group) hours, respectively (P = 0.114). Median times to first improvement of hyperglycemia (glargine‐group: 2 h; CRI‐group: 6 h;P = 0.018) and until discharge from hospital (glargine‐group: 140 h; CRI‐group: 174 h;P = 0.033) were significantly shorter in the glargine‐group. No significant differences were observed in any other parameter under investigation (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Basal‐bolus administration of glargine insulin appears to be an effective and safe alternative to the current standard CRI‐protocol for the management of DKA in cats. The positive outcomes and simplicity make it a viable option for the treatment of feline DKA.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudal portion of the digastric muscle in canine idiopathic facial neuropathy
Authors: McGregor Ombeline , Plested Mark J. , Beltran Elsa
Published: May 2021

Idiopathic is the most common etiology for acute onset of facial neuropathy in dogs with limited number of studies describing MRI characteristics. A retrospective, observational study was performed using archived records, aiming to describe the MRI features of the caudal portion of the digastric muscle in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic facial neuropathy and to determine correlation with prognosis. Client‐owned dogs presented to a referral hospital between 2009 and 2019, diagnosed with unilateral idiopathic facial neuropathy and having undergone MRI, with images including the caudal portion of the digastric muscle, were included (n = 19). MRI appearance of the affected muscle, including degree of muscle atrophy, signal intensity, enhancement post‐contrast, and enhancement characteristics of the affected facial nerve, was described and compared to the contralateral, clinically unaffected caudal portion of the digastric muscle. Correlation between MRI appearance and outcome at 1‐month and 3‐months following onset of clinical signs was investigated. The majority of patients demonstrated some degree of muscle atrophy (n = 17, 89%), hyperintensity in T2W (n = 17, 89%), and pre‐contrast T1W (n = 15, 79%) images, as well as contrast enhancement of the affected muscle (n = 14, 74%) and affected facial nerve (n = 9, 47%). There was no statistically significant correlation between atrophy or enhancement of the affected caudal portion of the digastric muscle nor between enhancement of the affected facial nerve and outcome. Hyperintensity both in T2W images and pre‐contrast T1W images was significantly correlated with a worse prognosis. Ensuring inclusion and evaluation of this muscle in MRI may therefore be indicated in canine idiopathic facial neuropathy.
Effect of Retrofit Scenarios on Energy Performance and Indoor Thermal Comfort of a Typical Single-Family House in Different Climates of Morocco
Authors: Sobhy Issam , Benhamou Brahim , Brakez Abderrahim
Published: May 2021

This paper aims at identifying the impact of three retrofit scenarios of a typical single-family house on its energy performance and its indoor thermal comfort in several climates. Two of these scenarios are based on the Moroccan Thermal Regulation in Constructions (RTCM) while the third is the one proposed in this study. The climates range from group B to group C of the Köppen climate classification. The results show that the proposed renovation scenario allows reducing the heating load by 19–42% and the cooling load by 29–60% depending on the climate. Furthermore, the RTCM retrofit scenario leads to summer overheating in all climates. One of the main reasons for this overheating is the insulation of the slab-on-grade floor as this insulation increases the annual heating/cooling energy needs of the house by 6–10%. Moreover, the cavity wall technique was found to be the best option for external walls, instead of using high thermal insulating material, in hot climates. The analysis of the energy performance, the thermal comfort indices, and the payback periods for each retrofit scenario shows that the proposed scenario presents the best thermal performance, except for the cold climate where the RTCM scenario is the most favorable.
Finite Element Modeling for Orthogonal Machining of AA2024-T351 Alloy With an Advanced Fracture Criterion
Authors: Paresi Prudvi Reddy , Narayanan Arunachalam , Lou Yanshan , Yoon Jeong Whan
Published: May 2021

Numerical modeling of the plastic deformation and fracture during the high-speed machining is highly challengeable. Consequently, there is a need for an advanced constitutive model and fracture criterion to make the numerical models more reliable. The aim of the present study is to extend the recent advanced static Lou-Yoon-Huh (LYH) ductile fracture creation to high strain rate and temperature applications such as machining. In the present work, the LYH static fracture creation was extended to machining conditions by introducing strain rate and temperature dependency terms. This extended LYH fracture criterion was calibrated over the wide range of stress triaxialities and different temperatures. Modified Khan- Huang-Liang (KHL) constitutive model along with the variable friction model was employed to predict the flow behavior of work material during the machining simulation. Damage evolution method was coupled to identify the element deletion point during the machining simulation. Orthogonal machining experiments were carried out for an aerospace-grade AA2024-T351 at cutting speeds varying between 100 and 400 m/min with the feed rates varying between 0.1 and 0.3 mm/rev. To assess the prediction capabilities of extended LYH fracture criterion, numerical simulations were also carried out using Johnson-Cook (JC) fracture criterion under all experimental conditions. Specific cutting energy, chip morphology, and compression ratio predictions were compared with the experimental data. Numerical predictions with coupled extended LYH criterion showed good agreement with experimental results compared to coupled JC fracture criterion.
Corrosion Study on Single-Phase Liquid Cooling Cold Plates With Inhibited Propylene Glycol/Water Coolant for Data Centers
Authors: Shia David , Yang Jin , Sivapalan Sean , Soeung Rithi , Amoah-Kusi Christian
Published: May 2021

Single-phase cold plate liquid cooling attracts more and more attention to high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, and general computing data centers for the thermal management of modern microprocessors and adjacent components due to liquid’s inherent advantage of higher specific heat compared to air. Deionized (DI) water is usually used as a coolant for liquid cooling in data centers. On the contrary, propylene glycol/water is recommended as a coolant for single-phase cold plate liquid cooling in this study for following reasons. The inhibited propylene glycol-based fluids of 25+% vol have the benefit of being biostatic and not requiring addition of biocides. They also offer freezing protection in the usage of data centers in cold climates. The cold plates made from copper is prone to oxide even under the room temperature, and the dissimilarity between brazing material and copper can also cause galvanic corrosion in the usage. In this paper, a study was carried out to investigate cold plate corrosion with inhibited propylene glycol/water using design of experiments (DOE) method. This study shows manufacturing process plays an important role on corrosion of cold plates made from copper and the corrosion risk can be mitigated by enabling new manufacturing processes, including friction stir welding (FSW) and nickel plating to the inside surface of the cold plate in the manufacturing process.
A Calibration Method for Enhancing Robot Accuracy Through Integration of Kinematic Model and Spatial Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Qi Junde , Chen Bing , Zhang Dinghua
Published: May 2021

Industrial robots are finding their niche in the field of machining due to their advantages of high flexibility, good versatility, and low cost. However, limited by the low absolute positioning accuracy, there are still huge obstacles in high-precision machining processes such as grinding. Aiming at this problem, a compensation method combining analytical modeling for quantitative errors with spatial interpolation algorithm for random errors is proposed based on the full consideration of the source and characteristics of positioning errors. First, as for the quantitative errors, namely geometric parameter and compliance error in this paper, a kinematics-based error model is constructed taking the coupling effect of errors into consideration. Then avoiding the impact of random errors, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) algorithm is adopted to identify the error parameters. Second, based on the similarity principle of spatial error, spatial interpolation algorithm is used to model the residual error caused by temperature, gear clearance, etc. Based on the spatial anisotropy characteristics of robot motion performance, an adaptive mesh division algorithm was proposed to balance the accuracy and efficiency of mesh division. Then, an inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm considering the influence degree of different joints on the end position was established to improve the approximation accuracy of residual error. Finally, the rough-fine two-stage serial error compensation method was carried out. Experimental results show that the mean absolute positioning accuracy is improved from 1.165 mm to 0.106 mm, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in this paper.
Imaging of calcific tendinopathy in atypical sites by ultrasound and conventional radiography: A pictorial essay
Authors: Ponti Federico , Parmeggiani Anna , Martella Claudia , Facchini Giancarlo , Spinnato Paolo
Published: May 2021

Calcific tendinopathy (CT) is a very common condition caused by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in tendons and it can be an incidental finding or associated with severe pain. CT can be easily detected by first level exams such as traditional radiography and ultrasound (US), which provide information on the site, extent and composition of the calcific formation. Classically, the most affected site is represented by the rotator cuff tendons, in particular the supraspinatus tendon. In this pictorial essay we illustrate various unusual localizations of CT detected by US and plain radiography, in order to provide an overview with the aim of preventing diagnostic delays and consequently CT complications.
How to perform shear wave elastography. Part I
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , Barr Richard G , Farrokh André , Radzina Maija , Cui Xin Wu , Dong Yi , Rocher Laurence , Cantisani Vito , Polito Eleonora , D’Onofrio Mirko , Roccarina Davide , Yamashita Yasunobu , Dighe Manjiri K. , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: May 2021

We recently introduced a series of papers describing how to do certain techniques. This article is the first part of a review of shear wave elastography (SWE). It reports the principles and interpretation of the technique and describes how to optimize it. Normal values, pitfalls and artefacts for the examination of liver, breast. thyroid and salivary gland with shear wave elastography are presented. The manuscript provides specific tips for applying SWE as part of a diagnostic US examination.
Visual geometry Group-UNet: Deep learning ultrasonic image reconstruction for curved parts
Authors: Mei Yujian , Jin Haoran , Yu Bei , Wu Eryong , Yang Keji
Published: May 2021

Detecting small defects in curved parts through classical monostatic pulse-echo ultrasonic imaging is known to be a challenge. Hence, a robot-assisted ultrasonic testing system with the track-scan imaging method is studied to improve the detecting coverage and contrast of ultrasonic images. To further improve the image resolution, we propose a visual geometry group-UNet (VGG-UNet) deep learning network to optimize the ultrasonic images reconstructed by the track-scan imaging method. The VGG-UNet uses VGG to extract advanced information from ultrasonic images and takes advantage of UNet for small dataset segmentation. A comparison of the reconstructed images on the simulation dataset with ground truth reveals that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) can reach 39 dB and 0.99, respectively. Meanwhile, the trained network is also robust against the noise and environmental factors according to experimental results. The experiments indicate that the PSNR and SSIM can reach 32 dB and 0.99, respectively. The resolution of ultrasonic images reconstructed by track-scan imaging method is increased approximately 10 times. All the results verify that the proposed method can improve the resolution of reconstructed ultrasonic images with high computation efficiency.
HIV-1 Infection Alters the Viral Composition of Plasma in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Yanpeng , Xu Rong , Zhang Yan , Zheng Chenli , Wan Zhenzhou , Li Hao , Yang Zhengrong , Jin Xia , Hao Pei , Zhao Jin , Zhang Chiyu
Published: May 2021

Though an increasing number of studies have indicated the existence of an interaction between the virome and human health or disease, the specific role of these plasma viral components remains largely unsolved. We provide evidence here that an altered plasma virome profile is associated with different immune statuses of HIV-1 infection.
Bilateral simultaneous non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy: a rare complication of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS)
Authors: Neo Yan Ning , Sobti Manvi , Zambarakji Hadi
Published: May 2021

We report a case of bilateral symmetrical superior visual field defects in a 72-year-old man first reported during the recovery from systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS). During the acute illness, he required extensive and prolonged fluid replacement and mechanical ventilation for severe hypotension, shock and multiorgan dysfunction. His visual field defect and optic nerve changes were consistent with a diagnosis of ischaemic optic neuropathy. These remained unchanged over 3 years and he retained excellent 6/7.5 visual acuity bilaterally. We hypothesised the mechanism of bilateral segmental infarction of the optic nerve head to be caused by the hypercoagulable and hypovolaemic state, in addition to pre-existing vascular disease and hypertension. This case highlights the importance of including optic nerve examination in the management plan of SCLS, particularly in individuals with underlying vascular risk factors.