bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Properties of Sm—Fe—B Compounds.
Authors: Maruyama Fumio , Nagai Hiroyuki
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
X‐Ray Powder Diffraction, Phase Transitions and Optical Characterization of the Cu(In1‐xGax)3Te5 Semiconducting System.
Authors: Guevara R. , Marin G. , Delgado J. M. , Wasim S. M. , Rincon C. , Sanchez Perez G.
Published: June 2005

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Observation of Nuclear Fusion Driven by a Pyroelectric Crystal.
Authors: Naranjo B. , Gimzewski J. K. , Putterman S.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopic Investigations of Ba5(BO3)3CN.
Authors: Schmid Sabine , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

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Rb3In(H2O)Si5O13: A Novel Indium Silicate with a CdSO4‐Topological‐Type Structure.
Authors: Hung Ling‐I , Wang Sue‐Lein , Chen Chia‐Yi , Chang Bor‐Chen , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetism of the Mixed Metal Hydrides Eu1‐xSrxMg2H6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6).
Authors: Kohlmann H. , Yvon K. , Wang Y.
Published: June 2005

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Sol—Gel Synthesis of Li1+αV3O8. Part 1. From Precursors to Xerogel.
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Gaubicher Joel , Guyomard Dominique , Durupthy Olivier , Steunou Nathalie , Livage Jacques , Dupre Nicolas , Grey Clare P.
Published: June 2005

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New Route to Ordered Double Perovskites: Synthesis of Rock Salt Oxides, Li4MWO6, and Their Transformation to Sr2MWO6 (M: Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni) via Metathesis.
Authors: Mandal Tapas Kumar , Gopalakrishnan J.
Published: June 2005

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Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of β‐Ketoesters to Various Imines by Using Chiral Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sasamoto Naoki , Hotta Daido , Somei Hidenori , Umebayashi Natsuko , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: June 2005

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Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Oxidation of Ketones with Iodosobenzene and N‐Sulfonyloxaziridines.
Authors: Engqvist Magnus , Casas Jesus , Sunden Henrik , Ibrahem Ismail , Cordova Armando
Published: June 2005

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Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions of Anhydrides with Protic Nucleophiles Catalyzed by Amphoteric, Oxomolybdenum Species.
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Kuo Jen‐Huang , Pawar Vijay D. , Munot Yogesh S. , Weng Shieu‐Shien , Ku Cheng‐Hsiu , Liu Cheng‐Yuan
Published: June 2005

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Michael Addition of Ketone Enolates to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters or Amides in a One‐Pot Procedure: Highly Efficient Effect of Lithium Salt Generated in situ on Organotin Enolate.
Authors: Yasuda Makoto , Shigeyoshi Yusuke , Shibata Ikuya , Baba Akio
Published: June 2005

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Direct Addition of Glycine Derivatives to Enamines.
Authors: Kobayashi Jun , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: June 2005

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Reaction of 3‐Acylamino‐ and 3‐Alkoxybenzo[c]pyrilium Salts with Hydrazine.
Authors: Bogza S. L. , Suikov S. Yu. , Bogdan N. M. , Dulenko V. I. , Kobrakov K. I.
Published: June 2005

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Oxidation of Alcohols with 1‐Butyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chlorochromate (BAAOCC) under Nonaqueous Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Bagheri Hamid R. , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: June 2005

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Radical Deoxygenation of Alcohols and Intermolecular Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation with Surfactant‐Type Radical Chain Carriers in Water.
Authors: Cho Dae Hyan , Jang Doo Ok
Published: June 2005

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A Simple Protocol for Efficient N‐Chlorination of Amides and Carbamates.
Authors: De Luca Lidia , Giacomelli Giampaolo , Nieddu Giammario
Published: June 2005

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H3PW12O40 as a Useful Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Facile and Highly Efficient Michael Addition Reaction of Thiols to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Jafari Abbas Ali
Published: June 2005

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γ‐Allenyl Allyl Benzothiazole Sulfonyl Anions Undergo (Z)‐Selective (Sylvestre) Julia Olefinations.
Authors: Vaz Belen , Alvarez Rosana , Souto Jose A. , de Lera Angel R.
Published: June 2005

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N‐Bromosuccinimide (NBS) Catalyzed Highly Chemoselective Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds Using Silylated Diols and Pentaerythritol under Neutral Aprotic Conditions.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Hazarkhani Hassan , Maleki Jafar
Published: June 2005

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New Synthetic Applications of Indium Organometallics in Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Pena Miguel A. , Perez Sestelo Jose , Sarandeses Luis A.
Published: June 2005

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Improved Synthesis of γ‐Nitro‐α‐Amino Ester and Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Balsamini Cesare , Bartoccini Francesca , Gianotti Massimo , Martinelli Chiara , Savoretti Nicoletta
Published: June 2005

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Some Conversions of Cyclopropyl‐Substituted 1,5‐Diketones.
Authors: Glukhovtsev V. G. , Zakharova S. V. , Nedel'kin V. I. Nedel'kin V. I.
Published: June 2005

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Benzocycloheptynedicobalt Complexes by Intramolecular Nicholas Reactions.
Authors: Ding Yu , Green James R.
Published: June 2005

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HCl‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Mannich Reaction in H2O—SDS System.
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Matsuda Keiichiro , Fuchibe Kohei
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Mannich Type Products via a Three‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Pandey Ghanshyam , Singh Ravi P. , Garg Ashish , Singh Vinod K.
Published: June 2005

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Solvent Effects in a Carbenoid N—H Insertion Route to Triarylamines via 2‐Diazo‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione.
Authors: Livant Peter , Jie Yuanping , Wang Xing
Published: June 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols Using tert‐Butanesulfinimines as Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Ko Chang Hong , Jung Doo Young , Kim Min Kyun , Kim Yong Hae
Published: June 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Ethyl (Z)‐4,4,4‐Trifluoro‐2‐formylamino‐2‐butenoates.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Chen Zai‐Xin , Raabe Gerhard
Published: June 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids with Chloroformate or Carbamoyl Chloride.
Authors: Duan Ya‐Zhen , Deng Min‐Zhi
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of ω‐Bromoesters from Aromatic Aldehydes and Diols Using Pyridinium Hydrobromide Perbromide.
Authors: Aoyama Tadashi , Takido Toshio , Kodomari Mitsuo
Published: June 2005

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Versatile Synthesis of 3‐Arylindan‐1‐ones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of Bromochalcones.
Authors: Pueschl Ask , Rudbeck Hans Christian , Faldt Andre , Confante Allesia , Kehler Jan
Published: June 2005

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Domino Metathesis Reactions for the Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Frameworks.
Authors: Funel Jacques‐Alexis , Prunet Joelle
Published: June 2005

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Mucohalic Acid in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction: A Concise Method for Highly Functionalized γ‐Substituted γ‐Butenolides.
Authors: Angell Paul , Zhang Ji , Belmont Daniel , Curran Timothy , Davidson James G.
Published: June 2005

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A Flexible Carbanionic Approach to Protected trans‐(2R,3S)‐2‐Substituted 3‐Aminopyrrolidines: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Absouline.
Authors: Tang Tian , Ruan Yuan‐Ping , Ye Jian‐Liang , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: June 2005

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Diastereoselective Petasis Mannich Reactions Accelerated by Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Pyrrolidine‐Derived Arylglycine Synthesis.
Authors: Nanda Kausik K. , Trotter B. Wesley
Published: June 2005

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4‐(2‐Aminoethoxy)‐N‐(phenylsulfonyl)indoles as Novel 5‐HT6 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Zhou Ping , Yan Yinfa , Bernotas Ronald , Harrison Boyd L. , Huryn Donna , Robichaud Albert J. , Zhang Guo Ming , Smith Deborah L. , Schechter Lee E.
Published: June 2005

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Benzodipyrazoles: A New Class of Potent CDK2 Inhibitors.
Authors: D'Alessio Roberto , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐ and 5‐Amino‐1‐tosyl‐5‐phenyl‐3‐(2‐arylvinyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazoles.
Authors: Kuz'menok Nina M. , Koval'chuk Tatyana A. , Zvonok Alexander M.
Published: June 2005

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Dehydration of 4‐Hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐3‐phenylamino‐oxazolidine‐2‐ones.
Authors: Bogolyubov A. A. , Chernysheva N. B. , Nesterov V. V. , Antipin M. Yu. , Semenov V. V.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Mannich Bases of Some 2‐[(4‐Carbethoxymethylthiazol‐2‐yl)imino]‐4‐thiazolidinones.
Authors: Altintas Handan , Ates Oeznur , Kocabalkanli Ayse , Birteksoez Seher , Oetuek Guelten
Published: June 2005

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Syntheses of 1‐(4‐Methylsulfonylphenyl)‐5‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 1‐(4‐Aminosulfonylphenyl)‐5‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Daha F. Johari , Matloubi H. , Tabatabi S. A. , Shafii B. , Shafiee A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Amidines with Some Carboxylic Acid Hydrazides.
Authors: Bahceci Sule , Yueksek Haydar , Serdar Mevlut
Published: June 2005

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Revisiting the Maitland—Japp Reaction. Concise Construction of Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Clarke Paul A. , Martin William H. C. , Hargreaves Jason M. , Wilson Claire , Blake Alexander J.
Published: June 2005

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Novel Schemes for the Synthesis of Pyrrolocoumarins.
Authors: Suslov V. V. , Gordeev E. N. , Traven V. F.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted and Unsubstituted 2,4‐Diaryl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐chromens.
Authors: Ahmed M. Giasuddin , Ahmed Syeda Asghari , Romman U. K. R. , Touchy A. Sultana , Badal Mizanur Rahman , Hossain Mohammad Awlad , Uddin Md. Khabir
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Homopterocarpanes as Bridged Triarylethylene Analogues: Synthesis and Antagonistic Effects in Human MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells.
Authors: Rampa Angela , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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Hiyama Cross‐Coupling of Chloro‐, Fluoro‐, and Methoxypyridyltrimethylsilanes: Room‐Temperature Novel Access to Functional Bi(het)aryl.
Authors: Pierrat Philippe , Gros Philippe , Fort Yves
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Derived Enamines Through Bischler—Napieralski Type Cyclization of Polarized Ketene N,S‐Acetals.
Authors: Chakrabarti Sriparna , Panda Kausik , Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Junjappa Hiriyakkanavar
Published: June 2005

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Antimalarial Activity of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Pyrimidines.
Authors: Agarwal Anu , Srivastava Kumkum , Puri S. K. , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: June 2005

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New Method for the Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Ryabova O. B. , Evstratova M. I. , Makarov V. A. , Tafeenko V. A. , Granik V. G.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Strategies for Protecting and Manipulating Triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Hollink Emily , Simanek Eric E. , Bergbreiter David E.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Substituted‐4‐aryl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐pyrimido[4,5‐b] [1,5]oxazocin‐5‐one as a Structurally New NK1 Antagonist.
Authors: Seto Shigeki , Tanioka Asao , Ikeda Makoto , Izawa Shigeru
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expansive Rearrangement of N‐Vinylthiazolidines to 2,3,4,7‐Tetrahydro‐1,4‐thiazepines and Their Transformation in 3‐Thia‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐enes.
Authors: Calvo Luis , Gonzalez‐Ortega Alfonso , Perez Monica , Sanudo Maria Carmen
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of an Enantioenriched α‐Carbamoyloxy‐crotylboronate and Its Homoaldol Reaction with Aldehydes.
Authors: Beckmann Edith , Hoppe Dieter
Published: June 2005

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Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrostannylation of Propargyl Alcohols and Ethers Using Dibutylchlorostannane and Lithium Chloride.
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Wang Di , Hosomi Akira
Published: June 2005

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Sch 486058: A Novel Cyclic Peptide of Actinomycete Origin
Authors: Puar M. S. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Acetylated Ranunculin Diastereoisomers and δ‐Glucosyloxy‐γ‐oxo Esters from α or β Glucosylmethylfurfural.
Authors: Cottier Louis , Descotes Gerard , Soro Yaya
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 3‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐(3R)‐hydroxybutanolide (Kinsenoside) and 3‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐(3S)‐hydroxybutanolide (Goodyeroside A).
Authors: Suzuki Katsuhiko , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Yamaura Masanori , Yoshizawa Toyokichi
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of 1,3‐Propanediol Derivatives Having a Diethoxyphosphoryldifluoroethyl Functional Group at the 2‐Position: Application to Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Novel Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues of Adenosine Bisphosphates.
Authors: Murano Tetsuo , Kobayakawa Hirokuni , Yuasa Yoko , Yokomatsu Tsutomu , Shibuya Shiroshi
Published: June 2005

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New Phenol Derivatives from Ligularia stenocephala.
Authors: Yan Fu‐lin , Wang Ai‐xia , Jia Zhong‐jian
Published: June 2005

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Magnetic Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Verdaguer Michel , Girolami Gregory S.
Published: June 2005

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Orbital Physics in Ruthenates: First‐Principles Studies
Authors: Fang Zhong , Terakura Kiyoyuki , Nagaosa Naoto
Published: June 2005

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Borane Mimics of C1—Mm Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Fehlner Thomas P.
Published: June 2005

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Ligand Design in Multimetallic Architectures: Six Lessons Learned
Authors: Steel Peter J.
Published: June 2005

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C10‐Modified Artemisinin Derivatives: Efficient Heme‐Alkylating Agents
Authors: Laurent Sophie A.‐L. , Robert Anne , Meunier Bernard
Published: June 2005

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Reply to Comments on “Highly Antimalaria‐Active Artemisinin Derivatives: Biological Activity Does Not Correlate with Chemical Reactivity”
Authors: Haynes Richard K.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydroamination: The Direct Addition of Amines to Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Mueller Thomas E.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Carboxylation. Carbon Dioxide Could Be a Useful Compound for Synthesis
Authors: Sanchez‐Sanchez C. M. , Exposito E. , Batanero B. , Montiel V. , Barba F. , Aldaz A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydroboration of Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Noyori Ryoji
Published: June 2005

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Positron Emission Tomography and Profiling
Authors: de Jong A. M. , Hensen E. J. M. , van Santen R. A.
Published: June 2005

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Soft X‐Ray Absorption Methods
Authors: Knop‐Gericke A. , de Groot F. M. F. , van Bokhoven J. A. , Ressler T.
Published: June 2005

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Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine‐Structure Spectroscopy
Authors: van Bokhoven J. A. , Ressler T. , de Groot F. M. F. , Knopp‐Gericke G.
Published: June 2005

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α‐Chloroalkylheterocycles: Utility in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Florio Saverio , Capriati Vito , Luisi Renzo
Published: June 2005

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Dendrons and Dendritic Catalysts Immobilized on Solid Support: Synthesis and Dendritic Effects in Catalysis
Authors: Dahan Adi , Portnoy Moshe
Published: June 2005

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Cp*Ir Complex‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Transfer Reactions Directed Toward Environmentally Benign Organic Synthesis
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Ryohei
Published: June 2005

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A Rich Chemistry of Fluorinated Imidoyl Halides
Authors: Uneyama Kenji , Amii Hideki , Katagiri Toshimasa , Kobayashi Takeshi , Hosokawa Tsuyosi
Published: June 2005

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Amino Acids — Valuable Organocatalysts in Carbohydrate Synthesis
Authors: Kazmaier Uli
Published: June 2005

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Boron and Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Salt C. , Lennox A. J. , Takagaki M. , Maguire J. A. , Hosmane N. S.
Published: June 2005

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Catalytic Sites of Hydrolases: Structures and Catalytic Cycles
Authors: Varfolomeev S. D. , Gariev I. A. , Uporov I. V.
Published: June 2005

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Histone Deacetylation in Epigenetics: An Attractive Target for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Mai Antonello , Massa Silvio , Rotili Dante , Cerbara Ilaria , Valente Sergio , Pezzi Riccardo , Simeoni Silvia , Ragno Rino
Published: June 2005

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Fas/FasL Interaction: A Novel Immune Therapy Approach with Immobilized Biologicals
Authors: Scholz Martin , Cinatl Jindrich
Published: June 2005

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Ferricyanide‐Mediated Microbial Reactions for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Morris Kristy , Zhao Huijun , John Richard
Published: June 2005

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Modification of Plant N‐Glycans Processing: The Future of Producing Therapeutic Protein by Transgenic Plants
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Xianwei , Wang Zhankun , Song Jing , Qi Qingsheng , Wang Peng George
Published: June 2005

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Nanoparticles in Energy Technology: Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Raimondi Fabio , Scherer Guenther G. , Koetz Ruediger , Wokaun Alexander
Published: June 2005

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Independent control of positive‐ and negative‐sequence current components in a doubly fed machine
Authors: Bendl J. , Chomat M. , Schreier L.
Published: June 2005

This paper analyses the operation of a power unit with a doubly fed machine. A novel vector control method is presented which enables independent control of both positive‐ and negative‐sequence components of stator currents. Also, operation of the system under the condition of unbalanced voltage supply applied to the stator is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spectral method for on‐line computation of the harmonics of symmetrical components in induction machines
Authors: Assaf T. , Henao H. , Capolino G. A.
Published: June 2005

This paper describes a procedure for the on‐line computation of the harmonics of symmetrical components for voltages, currents and impedances in working induction machines. The algorithm used to compute these components is based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of complex sequences. An experimental test‐bed with a 0.12 kW star‐connected induction motor has been used to test the procedure. The stability of the numerical results is verified to show the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic approach to bearing current evaluation in variable speed drive systems
Authors: Muetze Annette , Binder Andreas
Published: June 2005

A survey on published information concerning the phenomena of bearing currents in variable speed drive systems due to fast switching IGBT‐inverters is presented. This is taken as a starting point for further systematic investigations on the influence of different system parameters on bearing currents. The first results of these investigations are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An induction motor model including the first space harmonics for broken rotor bar diagnosis
Authors: Didier G. , Razik H. , Rezzoug A.
Published: June 2005

This work presents a model of a three‐phase induction machine which includes the first space harmonics of the magnetomotive force. Special attention has been paid to the way of improving detection of broken rotor bars. This detection is based on the spectral analysis of the stator current. We show that it is essential to extend the analysis to the amplitudes of the side bands due to the space harmonics. This thorough method makes it possible to detect with a higher degree of accuracy the type and the importance of a defect in the rotor cage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, modelling and test results of the AWS PM linear generator
Authors: Polinder H. , Damen M. E. C. , Gardner F.
Published: June 2005

The Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) is a system that converts ocean wave energy into electrical energy. A pilot plant of this system has been built. This paper describes the design of the permanent‐magnet (PM) linear synchronous generator applied in the AWS. Based on a magnetic circuit model, it is concluded that saturation does not play an important role. The correlation between measured and calculated generator parameters and no‐load voltage is reasonable, which indicates that the generator is adequate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking improvement of LSRM at low‐speed operation
Authors: Dolinar D. , Štumberger G. , Milanovič M.
Published: June 2005

This paper deals with the tracking control design of a Linear Synchronous Reluctance Motor (LSRM) drive. The modified non‐linear dynamic LSRM model with the magnetic saturation included is used in the control design and realization to improve the tracking performances at very low speed of motion. The iron core saturation is included in the modified model with the experimentally determined flux linkages given as functions of the direct and the quadrature axis currents. Experimental results show that the proposed input–output linearizing tracking control with the included saturation behaves considerably better than the one without saturation, introducing smaller position and speed errors, and better drive stiffness. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Growth Factor β Can Mediate Apoptosis Via the Expression of TRAIL in Human Hepatoma Cells *
Authors: Herzer Kerstin , Ganten Tom M. , Schulze-Bergkamen Henning , Grosse-Wilde Anne , Koschny Ronald , Krammer Peter H. , Walczak Henning
Published: June 2005

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in normal and transformed hepatocytes. However, the exact mechanism through which TGF-β induces cell death is still unknown. We examined a potential role of various death receptor/ligand systems in TGF-β–induced apoptosis and identified the tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a mediator of TGF-β–induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells. TGF-β–induced apoptosis is significantly impaired upon blockage of TRAIL. We show that TRAIL is upregulated in hepatoma cells upon treatment with TGF-β, whereas TRAIL receptor levels remain unchanged.
In conclusion
, our results provide evidence that the TRAIL system is critically involved in TGF-β–induced cell death in liver pathology. (Hepatology 2005;42:183–192.)
Inactivation of Stress Protein p8 Increases Murine Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity via Preserved CYP2E1 Activity *
Authors: Taïeb David , Malicet Cédric , Garcia Stéphane , Rocchi Palma , Arnaud Christiane , Dagorn Jean-Charles , Iovanna Juan L. , Vasseur Sophie
Published: June 2005

The p8 protein is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell defense against the adverse effects of stress. Its expression is strongly, rapidly, and transiently induced in most cells on exposure to various stress agents. This study assessed the role of p8 in the response of the liver to CCl4-induced injury. We found that p8 was indeed overexpressed in the liver after CCl4 administration. Hepatic injury following CCl4 injection was monitored in wild-type and p8−/− mice. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were higher and peaked earlier in p8−/− mice than in wild-type mice, which is in agreement with the observation of significantly larger areas of necrosis in p8−/− liver. Absence of p8 expression is therefore associated with increased liver sensitivity to CCl4. In fact, CCl4 toxicity is mediated by derivatives generated by its conversion by the enzyme CYP2E1. It is known that CYP2E1 is downregulated in the liver during the first hours following CCl4 administration as part of a self-defense mechanism. We found that CYP2E1 downregulation was significantly delayed in p8−/− liver compared with wild-type liver, allowing increased production of toxic CCl4 derivatives.
In conclusion
, inactivation of the p8 gene increases liver sensitivity to CCl4, as it appears to delay the triggering of CYP2E1 downregulation. The p8 protein is therefore an important element of hepatocyte stress response. (Hepatology 2005;42:176–182.)
Is the FXR the Fix for Cholesterol Gallstone Disease? *
Authors: Juran Brian D. , Lazaridis Konstantinos N.
Published: June 2005

Cholesterol gallstone disease is characterized by several events, including cholesterol precipitation in bile, increased bile salt hydrophobicity and gallbladder inflammation. Here, we describe the same phenotype in mice lacking the bile acid receptor, FXR. Furthermore, in susceptible wild-type mice that recapitulate human cholesterol gallstone disease, treatment with a synthetic FXR agonist prevented sequelae of the disease. These effects were mediated by FXR-dependent increases in biliary bile salt and phospholipid concentrations, which restored cholesterol solubility and thereby prevented gallstone formation. Taken together, these results indicate that FXR is a promising therapeutic target for treating or preventing cholesterol gallstone disease.
The policy preferences of the US Federal Reserve
Authors: Dennis Richard
Published: June 2005

In this paper we model and explain US macroeconomic outcomes subject to the discipline that monetary policy is set optimally. Exploiting the restrictions that come from optimal policymaking, we estimate the parameters in the Federal Reserve's policy objective function together with the parameters in its optimization constraints. For the period following Volcker's appointment as chairman, we estimate the implicit inflation target to be around 1.4% and show that policymakers assigned a significant weight to interest rate smoothing. We show that the estimated optimal policy provides a good description of US data for the 1980s and 1990s. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced mineralized tissue adhesion to titanium over polystyrene assessed by the nano‐scratch test
Authors: Butz Frank , Aita Hideki , Takeuchi Kazuo , Ogawa Takahiro
Published: June 2005

The critical load determined by the scratch test is regarded to be a representative measure of coating adhesion in the field of engineering. This study aimed to evaluate the method for its usefulness for assessing the mineralized tissue‐titanium interface strength. Osteoblastic cells derived from rat bone marrow were cultured on polystyrene, titanium‐coated polystyrene, and titanium disks with either a machined or dual‐acid etched surface. Nano‐scratch testing was performed on mineralized tissue specimens at culture day 28. The scratch path was monitored by light microscopy until complete delamination of mineralized tissue from the substrate occurred, and the required force was recorded as the critical load. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopic analysis was used to verify the delamination. The mean critical load values (± standard deviations) were as follows: polystyrene 31 mN (±1), titanium‐coated polystyrene 67 mN (±4), machined titanium 76 mN (±4), DAE titanium 107 mN (±3), with statistical differences (P < 0.05; ANOVA). No elemental calcium and phosphorous were observed in the delaminated areas. The nano‐scratch test applied to cultured mineralized tissue differentiated the critical load from various culture conditions: polystyrene vs. titanium; titanium with different surface topographies. Culturing mineralized tissue on titanium, especially on roughened surfaces, increased the tissue critical load. The nano‐scratch test may be useful to evaluate mineralized tissue adhesion properties in titanium cultures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Role of granulocytes and monocytes in the polyvinyl chloride‐induced synthesis of interleukin 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and leukotriene B4
Authors: Lappegård Knut Tore , Bergseth Grethe , Riesenfeld Johan , Sexton Joe , Mollnes Tom Eirik
Published: June 2005

In an in vitro whole blood model of artificial surface‐induced inflammation, we have studied the contribution of leukocyte populations in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This was done by depleting the blood of specific cell types using magnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte surface antigens. Synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) was highly dependent on CD15+ cells and was reduced by 80% when these cells were removed from the blood. Correspondingly, IL‐8 production showed a high correlation with the concentration of granulocytes (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001). Synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) was dependent on CD14+ cells and was reduced by 35% when these cells were removed from the blood. Correspondingly, MCP‐1 production correlated with the concentration of monocytes (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). Synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was highly dependent on CD15+ cells and was reduced by 75% when these cells were removed from the blood. Correspondingly, LTB4 production correlated strongly with the granulocyte concentration (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001). As expected, complement activation was not affected by cell depletion and did not correlate with the concentration of any of the cell types. Thus, artificial surface‐induced IL‐8 and LTB4 synthesis was almost exclusively granulocyte dependent. However, MCP‐1 synthesis was mainly a product of monocytes, although granulocytes and other subpopulations may partly contribute. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Microtensile testing of collagen fibril for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Xinnan , Li Xiaodong , Yost Michael J.
Published: June 2005

As a candidate scaffold material for cardiac tissue engineering, Type I collagen material shows different mechanical properties due to the differences in the structural features such as orientation of fibril alignment and the environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this article one‐dimensional tensile stress tests were performed with the use of a nanoscale tensile tester on four groups of Type I collagen samples that were differentiated in terms of fibril orientation and/or UV irradiation. The collagen surface structure was studied with the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM). Effects of fibril orientation and UV irradiation on their mechanical properties were investigated. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms are discussed in conjunction with collagen structure, fibril orientation, and dispersion of the generated crosslinking by UV irradiation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Influence of deposition parameters on chemical properties of calcium phosphate coatings prepared by using electrostatic spray deposition
Authors: Leeuwenburgh S. , Wolke J. , Schoonman J. , Jansen J. A.
Published: June 2005

The electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique offers the possibility of depositing calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings onto various substrate materials with defined chemical and morphological properties. The relationship between physical, apparatus‐related deposition parameters, and the chemical characteristics of ESD coatings was investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to be able to deposit CaP coatings with tailored chemical properties. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of CaP coatings, deposited with use of the ESD technique, were strongly dependent on the deposition temperature, the nozzle‐to‐substrate distance, the liquid flow rate, and the geometry of the spraying nozzle. By investigating the influence of the deposition temperature, information could be obtained on the formation mechanism of CaP coatings—and specifically the biologically interesting carbonate apatite phase—using the ESD technique. CaP coatings were not formed merely because of solvent evaporation; a chemical reaction was needed to synthesize the coatings. This reaction involved thermal decomposition of the organic solvent butyl carbitol into carbonate ions via formation of intermediate oxalate ions. The amount of carbonate incorporation, and consequently, the Ca/P ratios of the deposited coatings, was shown 1) to decrease with increasing nozzle‐to‐substrate distance, 2) to decrease with increasing liquid flow rate, and 3) to decrease by making use of a novel two‐component nozzle geometry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Characterisation of the transcription factor, SIX5, using a new panel of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Pham Y Chan N. , Man Nguyen thi , Holt Ian , Sewry Caroline A. , Pall Gurman , Johnson Keith , Morris Glenn E.
Published: June 2005

SIX5 is a member of the human SIX family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in eye development. However, SIX5 transcripts are known to be present at very low levels in cells and no study has yet convincingly demonstrated detection of endogenous SIX5 protein by Western blotting or immunolocalisation. We have produced a new panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognise at least four different epitopes in order to identify authentic human SIX5 protein in cells and tissues. Phage‐displayed peptide libraries were used to identify individual amino‐acids important for antibody binding within each epitope. Endogenous SIX5 migrated in SDS–PAGE with an apparent Mr of 100 kDa and was present at similar levels in all foetal tissues and cell lines tested. In HeLa cells, it was located in the nucleoplasm with a granular distribution. An mRNA for a shorter splicing isoform of SIX5, with an altered carboxy‐terminus, has been described, but further mAbs specific for this isoform did not detect any endogenous protein. We conclude that the full‐length isoform is the major functional protein in vivo while the putative shorter protein is undetectable and may not be expressed at all. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt‐mediated regulation of chondrocyte maturation: Modulation by TGF‐β
Authors: Dong Yufeng , Drissi Hicham , Chen Mo , Chen Di , Zuscik Michael J. , Schwarz Edward M. , O'Keefe Regis J.
Published: June 2005

Wnt proteins are expressed during limb morphogenesis, yet their role and mechanism of action remains unclear during long bone growth. Wnt expression, effects and modulation of signaling events by BMP and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) were evaluated in chick embryonic chondrocytes. Chondrocyte cell cultures underwent spontaneous maturation with increased expression of colX and this was associated with an increase in the expression of multiple Wnts, including Wnt 4, 5a, 8c, and 9a. Both parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and TGF‐β inhibited colX, but had disparate effects on Wnt expression. While TGF‐β strongly inhibited all Wnts, PTHrP did not inhibit either Wnt8c or Wnt9a and had lesser effects on the expression of the other Wnts. BMP‐2 induced colX expression, and also markedly increased Wnt8c expression. Overexpression of β‐catenin and/or T cell factor (TCF)‐4 also induced the type X collagen promoter. Overexpression of Wnt8c induced maturation, as did overexpression of β‐catenin. The Wnt8c/β‐catenin maturational effects were enhanced by BMP‐2 and inhibited by TGF‐β. TGF‐β also inhibited activation of the Topflash reporter by β‐catenin, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect since the Topflash reporter contains only β‐catenin binding sequences. In turn β‐catenin inhibited activation of the p3TP‐Luc reporter by TGF‐β, although the effect was partial. Thus, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is a critical regulator of the rate of chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, this pathway is modulated by members of the TGF‐β family and demonstrates the highly integrated nature of signals controlling endochondral ossification. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotine inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Fang Yiyu , Svoboda Kathy K.H.
Published: June 2005

Cigarette smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for several periodontal diseases. It has also been found that smokers respond less favorably than non‐smokers to periodontal therapy. Previous work in our lab has shown that nicotine inhibits human gingival cell migration. Since myofibroblasts play an important role in wound closure, we asked if nicotine affects gingival wound healing process by regulating myofibroblast differentiation. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from two patients were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum cell culture medium. Cells were pretreated with different doses of nicotine (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM) for 2 h, and then incubated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β1) (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ng/ml) with or without nicotine for 30 h. The expression level of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a specific marker for myofibroblasts, was analyzed by Western blots, immunocytochemistry, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (real‐time PCR). Phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Phospho‐p38 MAPK) activity was analyzed by Western blots. TGF‐β1 induced an increase of α‐SMA protein and mRNA expression, while nicotine (1 mM) inhibited the TGF‐β1‐induced expression of α‐SMA but not β‐actin. Nicotine treatment down‐regulated TGF‐β1‐induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Our results demonstrated for the first time that nicotine inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro; supporting the hypothesis that delayed wound healing in smokers may be due to decreased wound contraction by myofibroblasts. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of the von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor gene by late hypoxia limits HIF‐1 expression
Authors: Karhausen Jörn , Kong Tianqing , Narravula Sailaja , Colgan Sean P.
Published: June 2005

Hypoxia–inducible factor (HIF) remains the central focus of oxygen sensing during hypoxia. HIF is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of an oxygen‐regulated alpha‐ and a constitutively expressed beta subunit. The von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets HIF‐α to proteasomal degradation, but also is known to exert a significant control on HIF transactivation activity. However, the understanding of the full interaction between HIF and pVHL has been hindered by a lack in the understanding of pVHL regulation. Here, we report that pVHL itself is induced in prolonged hypoxia in a kinetic that parallels the observed downregulation of HIF‐1α protein under such conditions. In addition, we document direct HIF‐1α binding to the VHL promoter and identify a functional hypoxia response element (HRE) within the VHL promoter. Such induction of pVHL in hypoxia furthermore has functional implications for the HIF dependent hypoxic response, implicating a physiologically relevant feedback mechanism. These results provide an intriguing model, whereby HIF self‐regulates expression through VHL and highlight the role of pVHL as a unifying mechanism of HIF regulation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topoisomerase inhibitor induced dephosphorylation of H1 and H3 histones as a consequence of cell cycle arrest
Authors: Happel Nicole , Sommer Arne , Hänecke Kristina , Albig Werner , Doenecke Detlef
Published: June 2005

Posttranslational modifications of histones have an integral function in the structural and functional organization of chromatin. Several changes in the modification state of histones could be observed after induction of apoptosis with topoisomerase inhibitors and other inducers. Most of these studies include the analysis of the state of phosphorylation of histones, and the results are to some extent controversial, depending on cell lines and agents used. In the present study we compared the kinetics of the dephosphorylation of H1 and H3 histones with apoptosis markers after treatment of leukemic cell lines with topoisomerase inhibitors. In parallel, we determined cell cycle parameters in detail. Dephosphorylation of both histone classes started within 1 h of induction, and no direct correlation with timing and intensity of the investigated apoptotic features could be observed. In contrast, we show that the effect of topoisomerase inhibitors on the state of H1 and H3 phosphorylation is not directly related to apoptosis, but reflects the changes in the cell cycle distribution of cells treated with these inducers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EAST interacts with Megator and localizes to the putative spindle matrix during mitosis in Drosophila
Authors: Qi Hongying , Rath Uttama , Ding Yun , Ji Yun , Blacketer Melissa J. , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M.
Published: June 2005

We have used immunocytochemistry to demonstrate that the EAST protein in Drosophila, which forms an expandable nuclear endoskeleton at interphase, redistributes during mitosis to colocalize with the spindle matrix proteins, Megator and Skeletor. EAST and Megator also colocalize to the intranuclear space surrounding the chromosomes at interphase. EAST is a novel protein that does not have any previously characterized motifs or functional domains. However, we show by immunoprecipitation experiments that EAST is likely to molecularly interact with Megator which has a large NH2‐terminal coiled‐coil domain with the capacity for self assembly. On the basis of these findings, we propose that Megator and EAST interact to form a nuclear endoskeleton and as well are important components of the putative spindle matrix complex during mitosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐cryptoxanthin stimulates cell differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Uchiyama Satoshi , Yamaguchi Masayoshi
Published: June 2005

The effect of β‐cryptoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid, on cell differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells was investigated. Cells were cultured for 72 h in a minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and the cells with subconfluency were changed to a medium containing either vehicle or β‐cryptoxanthin (10−8 to 10−6 M) without FBS. Cells were cultured for 3 to 21 days. Gene expression in osteoblastic cells was determined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Culture with β‐cryptoxanthin (10−7 or 10−6 M) for 3 days caused a significant increase in Runx2 type 1, Runx2 type 2, α1 (I) collagen, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels in osteoblastic cells. These increases were completely blocked in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, or 5,6‐dichloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), an inhibitor of transcriptional activity. Meanwhile, vitamin A (10−6 M) did not have a significant effect on Runx2 type 1 mRNA expression in the cells. The effect of β‐cryptoxanthin (10−6 M) in stimulating Runx2 type 1 and α1 (I) collagen mRNA levels, protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells was also seen in the presence of vitamin A (10−6 M), suggesting that the mode of β‐cryptoxanthin action differs from that of vitamin A. Prolonged culture with β‐cryptoxanthin (10−6 M) for 3 to 21 days caused a significant increase in cell number, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content, protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells, suggesting that β‐cryptoxanthin stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, culture with β‐cryptoxanthin (10−7 or 10−6 M) for 5 to 21 days caused a remarkable increase in mineralization. This study demonstrates that β‐cryptoxanthin has a stimulatory effect on cell differentiation and mineralization due to enhancing gene expression of proteins, which involve in bone formation in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoblast calcium‐sensing receptor has characteristics of ANF/7TM receptors
Authors: Pi Min , Quarles L. Darryl
Published: June 2005

There is evidence for a functionally important extracelluar calcium‐sensing receptor in osteoblasts, but there is disagreement regarding its identity. Candidates are CASR and a putative novel calcium‐sensing receptor, called Ob.CASR. To further characterize Ob.CASR and to distinguish it from CASR, we examined the extracellular cation‐sensing response in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts and in osteoblasts derived from CASR null mice. We found that extracellular cations activate ERK and serum response element (SRE)‐luciferase reporter activity in osteoblasts lacking CASR. Amino acids, but not the calcimimetic NPS‐R568, an allosteric modulator of CASR, also stimulate Ob.CASR‐dependent SRE‐luciferase activation in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts. In addition, we found that the dominant negative Gαq(305–359) construct inhibited cation‐stimulated ERK activation, consistent with Ob.CASR coupling to Gαq‐dependent pathways. Ob.CASR is also a target for classical GPCR desensitization mechanisms, since β‐arrestins, which bind to and uncouple GRK phosphorylated GPCRs, attenuated cation‐stimulated SRE‐luciferase activity in CASR deficient osteoblasts. Finally, we found that Ob.CASR and CASR couple to SRE through distinct signaling pathways. Ob.CASR does not activate RhoA and C3 toxin fails to block Ob.CASR‐induced SRE‐luciferase activity. Mutational analysis of the serum response factor (SRF) and ternary complex factor (TCF) elements in SRE demonstrates that Ob.CASR predominantly activates TCF‐dependent mechanisms, whereas CASR activates SRE‐luciferase mainly through a RhoA and SRF‐dependent mechanism. The ability of Ob.CASR to sense cations and amino acids and function like a G‐protein coupled receptor suggests that it may belong to the family of receptors characterized by an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sensing motif (ANF) linked to an intramembranous 7 transmembrane loop region (7TM). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.