bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trametinib improves Treg selectivity of anti-CCR4 antibody by regulating CCR4 expression in CTLs in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ono Shoya , Suzuki Susumu , Kondo Yutaro , Okubo Ikuko , Goto Mitsuo , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kato Hidefumi , Ito Hideaki , Takahara Taishi , Satou Akira , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Nagao Toru , Ueda Ryuzo
Published: December 2022

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a major role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Mogamulizumab, an anti-CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, depletes effector Tregs (eTregs). However, the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab was limited in phase Ia/Ib studies for solid tumors (NCT01929486); the finding suggests that mogamulizumab may also deplete beneficial CCR4+CD8+ T-cells in patients. Therefore, we focused on CTLs and aimed to identify a way to protect CCR4+ CTLs. Here, we evaluated the association of CCR4 expression in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) with antigen and cytokine stimulations and kinase inhibition using cytomegalovirus antigen instead of tumor antigen. CCR4 expression in CTLs was induced by antigen stimulation (mean 3.14–29.0%), enhanced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (mean 29.0–51.2%), and downregulated by trametinib with (mean 51.2–11.4%) or without TGF-β1 treatment (mean 29.0–6.98%). Phosphorylation of ERK in CD8+ T-cells was suppressed by trametinib. Regarding the effect on immunological function of CTL, trametinib reduced cytokine production but not affected cytotoxicity. Importantly, trametinib alleviated CTL reduction by anti-CCR4 antibody without affecting eTreg depletion because CCR4 expression in eTregs was not downregulated. In conclusion, combination therapy with trametinib may improve the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab.
Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with soil in the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China
Authors: Tang Gui-Ting , Li Ying , Zhou You , Zhu Yu-Hang , Zheng Xiao-Juan , Chang Xiao-Li , Zhang Shi-Rong , Gong Guo-Shu
Published: December 2022

The ecology of soil fungi is poorly understood, and recent comprehensive reports on Trichoderma are unavailable for any region, including the Zoige alpine wetland ecological region in China. One hundred soil samples were collected from different soil types and soil layers in Zoige alpine wetland ecological regions. Using the traditional suspension plating method, 80 Trichoderma strains were chosen to analyze species diversity. After a preliminary classification of morphological characteristics and the genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), 57 representative strains were selected and eventually identified as seven species via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequences based on the genes transcription elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), encoding RNA polymerase II subunit B (rpb2) and ATP citrate lyase (acl1). Among them, T. harzianum was the dominant species isolated from five soil layers and four soil types, and had the highest isolation frequency (23%) in this zone, while T. polysporum and T. pyramidale were rare species, with isolation frequencies of less than 1%. Our detailed morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Trichoderma zoigense was described for the first time as a new species, while T. atrobrunneum as a new record for China was found. Our results will be used as a reference for a greater understanding of soil microbial resources, ecological rehabilitation and reconstructions in the Zoige alpine wetland.
Leveraging machine learning to assess market-level food safety and zoonotic disease risks in China
Authors: Gao Qihua , Levi Retsef , Renegar Nicholas
Published: December 2022

While many have advocated for widespread closure of Chinese wet and wholesale markets due to numerous zoonotic disease outbreaks (e.g., SARS) and food safety risks, this is impractical due to their central role in China’s food system. This first-of-its-kind work offers a data science enabled approach to identify market-level risks. Using a massive, self-constructed dataset of food safety tests, market-level adulteration risk scores are created through machine learning techniques. Analysis shows that provinces with more high-risk markets also have more human cases of zoonotic flu, and specific markets associated with zoonotic disease have higher risk scores. Furthermore, it is shown that high-risk markets have management deficiencies (e.g., illegal wild animal sales), potentially indicating that increased and integrated regulation targeting high-risk markets could mitigate these risks.
Impact of HIV infection and integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based treatment on the gut virome
Authors: Villoslada-Blanco Pablo , Pérez-Matute Patricia , Íñiguez María , Recio-Fernández Emma , Jansen Daan , De Coninck Lander , Close Lila , Blanco-Navarrete Pilar , Metola Luis , Ibarra Valvanera , Alba Jorge , Matthijnssens Jelle , Oteo José A.
Published: December 2022

Viruses are the most abundant components of the human gut microbiome with a significant impact on health and disease. The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on gut virome has been scarcely analysed. Several studies suggested that integrase strand transfers inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with a healthier gut. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of HIV infection and INSTIs on gut virome composition. 26 non-HIV-infected volunteers, 15 naive HIV-infected patients and 15 INSTIs-treated HIV-infected patients were recruited and their gut virome composition was analysed using shotgun sequencing. Bacteriophages were the most abundant and diverse viruses present in gut. HIV infection was accompanied by a decrease in phage richness which was reverted after INSTIs-based treatment. β-diversity of phages revealed that samples from HIV-infected patients clustered separately from those belonging to the control group. Differential abundant analysis showed an increase in phages belonging to Caudoviricetes class in the naive group and a decrease of Malgrandaviricetes class phages in the INSTIs-treated group compared to the control group. Besides, it was observed that INSTIs-based treatment was not able to reverse the increase of lysogenic phages associated with HIV infection or to modify the decrease observed on the relative abundance of Proteobacteria-infecting phages. Our study describes for the first time the impact of HIV and INSTIs on gut virome and demonstrates that INSTIs-based treatments are able to partially restore gut dysbiosis at the viral level, which opens several opportunities for new studies focused on microbiota-based therapies.
Fingerprints of magnetoinduced charge density waves in monolayer graphene beyond half filling
Authors: Hoffmann Felix , Siebert Martin , Duft Antonia , Krstić Vojislav
Published: December 2022

A charge density wave is a condensate of fermions, whose charge density shows a long-range periodic modulation. Such charge density wave can be principally described as a macroscopic quantum state and is known to occur by various formation mechanisms. These are the lattice deforming Peierls transition, the directional, fermionic wave vector orientation prone Fermi surface nesting or the generic charge ordering, which in contrast is associated solely with the undirected effective Coulomb interaction between fermions. In two-dimensional Dirac/Weyl-like systems, the existence of charge density waves is only theoretically predicted within the ultralow energy regime at half filling. Taking graphene as host of two-dimensional fermions described by a Dirac/Weyl Hamiltonian, we tuned indirectly the effective mutual Coulomb interaction between fermions through adsorption of tetracyanoquinodimethane on top in the low coverage limit. We thereby achieved the development of a novel, low-dimensional dissipative charge density wave of Weyl-like fermions, even beyond half filling with additional magneto-induced localization and quantization. This charge density wave appears both, in the electron and the hole spectrum.
In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea
Authors: Bajrai Leena Hussein , El-Kafrawy Sherif Ali , Hassan Ahmed Mohamed , Tolah Ahmed Majdi , Alnahas Rabie Saleh , Sohrab Sayed Sartaj , Rehan Mohd , Azhar Esam Ibraheem
Published: December 2022

Hypericum perforatumandEchinaceaare reported to have antiviral activities against several viral infections. In this study,H. perforatum(St. John’s Wort) andEchinaceawere tested in vitro using Vero E6 cells for their anti-viral effects against the newly identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through its infectious cycle from 0 to 48 h post infection. The hypericin ofH. perforatumand the different parts (roots, seeds, aerial) of two types ofEchinaceaspecies (Echinacea purpureaandEchinacea angustifolia) were tested for their anti-viral activities to measure the inhibition of viral load using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on cell culture assay. Interestingly, theH. perforatum-Echinaceamixture (1:1 ratio) ofH. perforatumandEchinaceawas tested as well on SARS-CoV-2 and showed crucial anti-viral activity competingH. perforatumthenEchinaceaeffects as anti-viral treatment. Therefore, the resultsH. perforatumandEchinaceaspecies, applied in this study showed significant anti-viral and virucidal effects in the following order of potency:H. perforatum,H. perforatum-Echinaceamixture, andEchinaceaon SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle. Additionally, molecular simulation analysis of the compounds with essential proteins (Mproand RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 revealed the most potent bioactive compounds such as Echinacin, Echinacoside, Cyanin, Cyanidin 3-(6''-alonylglucoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, Proanthocyanidins, Rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and Quercetin-3-O-xyloside. Thus, based on the outcome of this study, it is demanding the setup of clinical trial with specific therapeutic protocol.
Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for emergence of norms and socially shared realities via dynamic interaction
Authors: Kuroda Kiri , Ogura Yukiko , Ogawa Akitoshi , Tamei Tomoya , Ikeda Kazushi , Kameda Tatsuya
Published: December 2022

In the digital era, new socially shared realities and norms emerge rapidly, whether they are beneficial or harmful to our societies. Although these are emerging properties from dynamic interaction, most research has centered on static situations where isolated individuals face extant norms. We investigated how perceptual norms emerge endogenously as shared realities through interaction, using behavioral and fMRI experiments coupled with computational modeling. Social interactions fostered convergence of perceptual responses among people, not only overtly but also at the covert psychophysical level that generates overt responses. Reciprocity played a critical role in increasing the stability (reliability) of the psychophysical function within each individual, modulated by neural activity in the mentalizing network during interaction. These results imply that bilateral influence promotes mutual cognitive anchoring of individual views, producing shared generative models at the collective level that enable endogenous agreement on totally new targets–one of the key functions of social norms.
Carbon dots with hydrogen bond-controlled aggregation behavior
Authors: Chang Shuai , Chen Bin-Bin , Gao Ya-Ting , Zheng Yi-Han , Shi Ji-Fen , Qian Ruo-Can , Li Da-Wei
Published: December 2022

A facile room temperature method for the preparation of hydrophilic carbon dots (H-CDs) with hydrogen bond-controlled aggregation behavior.
Development of a highly sensitive immunoassay for detecting aminopyrine abuse in herbal tea
Authors: Wang Zian , Liu Zhiwei , Guan Tian , Zeng Xi , Shen Runlin , Li Zhaodong , Lei Yi , Xu Zhenlin , Xiao Zhili , Lei Hongtao , Huang Dingqiang
Published: December 2022

A sensitive ic-ELISA method for detecting AP in herbal tea was established for the first time and can be used for rapid detection.
Engineering of an in-cell protein crystal for fastening a metastable conformation of a target miniprotein
Authors: Kojima Mariko , Abe Satoshi , Furuta Tadaomi , Tran Duy Phuoc , Hirata Kunio , Yamashita Keitaro , Hishikawa Yuki , Kitao Akio , Ueno Takafumi
Published: December 2022

A protein crystal capturing a ten-amino acid miniprotein was constructed in living cells. The miniprotein immobilized in the scaffold crystal was trapped in a metastable state, which is induced by the intermolecular interactions with the scaffold crystal.
Smart genetically-encoded biosensors for the chemical monitoring of living systems
Authors: Van Thillo Toon , Van Deuren Vincent , Dedecker Peter
Published: December 2022

Genetically-encoded biosensors provide the all-optical and non-invasive visualization of dynamic biochemical events within living systems. Here we describe the fundamentals, the current challenges and the opportunities of the field.
Laser polarization-controlled photoreduction of samarium ions in sodium aluminoborate glass
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Pan Zhen , Deng Lianzhong , Yao Yunhua , Jia Tianqing , Qiu Jianrong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: December 2022

The valence state conversion of lanthanide ions induced by femtosecond laser fields has attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in areas like high-density optical storage.
Experimental demonstration of necessary conditions for X-ray induced synthesis of cesium superoxide
Authors: Evlyukhin Egor , Cifligu Petrika , Pravica Michael , Bhowmik Pradip K. , Kim Eunja , Popov Dmitry , Park Changyong
Published: December 2022

The critical roles of high pressure and the presence of water molecules in an initial solid-state compound (Cs2C2H2O5) in the monochromatic X-ray induced synthesis of cesium superoxide (CsO2) are experimentally demonstrated.
One-step production of renewable adipic acid esters from mucic acid over an Ir–ReOx/C catalyst with low Ir loading
Authors: Jang Jun Hee , Hopper Jack T. , Ro Insoo , Christopher Phillip , Abu-Omar Mahdi M.
Published: December 2022

The production of adipic acid, a large-volume platform chemical, from biomass represents a petroleum-free route to manufacturing nylon and other polymers more sustainably.
Anticancer evaluation of new organometallic ruthenium(ii) flavone complexes
Authors: Khater Mai , Brazier John A. , Greco Francesca , Osborn Helen M. I.
Published: December 2022

Targeting multiple malignancy features such as angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis with one molecule is an effective strategy in developing potent anticancer agents.
A variable-stiffness and healable pneumatic actuator
Authors: Wang Hong-Qin , Huang Zi-Yang , Yue De-Wei , Wang Fang-Zhou , Li Cheng-Hui
Published: December 2022

A pneumatic actuator based on variable-stiffness and self-healing polymers shows high load capacity at room temperature but can be actuated pneumatically upon heating. And it can be thermally healed after damaging, thus can prolong its service time.
Polydentate hydrazones as multitasking catalysts in visible-light-induced coupling reactions of amines
Authors: Wang Ganghu , Zhang Jianhua , Hu Legen , Wang Jiaquan , Zhu Chunyin
Published: December 2022

A Cu/hydrazone catalyst has been applied in the coupling reactions of anilines for the synthesis of diarylamines and azobenzenes.
Modulating the peripheral large steric hindrance of iridium complexes for achieving narrowband emission and pure red OLEDs with an EQE up to 32.0%
Authors: Ou Changjin , Qiu Yu-Chen , Cao Chenhui , Zhang Hui , Qin Juan , Tu Zhen-Long , Shi Jian , Wu Zheng-Guang
Published: December 2022

Modulating the peripheral large steric hindrance of iridium complexes for achieving narrowband emission and pure red OLEDs with an EQE of 32.0%.
Discovery of new potent lysine specific histone demythelase-1 inhibitors (LSD-1) using structure based and ligand based molecular modelling and machine learning
Authors: Alabed Shada J. , Zihlif Malek , Taha Mutasem
Published: December 2022

Structure-based and ligand-based pharmacophores were allowed to compete within genetic algorithm/machine learning to yield three pharmacophores. Subsequent virtual screening identified three nanomolar LSD-1 inhibitors.
Colorimetric/photothermal dual-mode sensing detection of ascorbic acid based on a Ag[i] ion/3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system
Authors: Di Ya , Zheng Jiyao , Zhao Yunwang , Yang Zikai , Xie Changshun , Yu Jiahan , Zheng Yue , Gao Liming
Published: December 2022

Colorimetric and photothermal dual-readout sensing detection of AA using a Ag+/TMB system.
Multiple C–C bond formation upon electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by an iron-based molecular macrocycle
Authors: Dong Si-Thanh , Xu Chen , Lassalle-Kaiser Benedikt
Published: December 2022

Light hydrocarbons are produced from CO2 using an earth-abundant electrocatalyst.
Evolutionary and cellular analysis of the ‘dark’ pseudokinase PSKH2
Authors: Byrne Dominic P. , Shrestha Safal , Daly Leonard A. , Marensi Vanessa , Ramakrishnan Krithika , Eyers Claire E. , Kannan Natarajan , Eyers Patrick A.
Published: December 2022

Pseudokinases, so named because they lack one or more conserved canonical amino acids that define their catalytically active relatives, have evolved a variety of biological functions in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Human PSKH2 is closely related to the canonical kinase PSKH1, which maps to the CAMK family of protein kinases. Primates encode PSKH2 in the form of a pseudokinase, which is predicted to be catalytically inactive due to loss of the invariant catalytic Asp residue. Although the biological role(s) of vertebrate PSKH2 proteins remains unclear, we previously identified species-level adaptions in PSKH2 that have led to the appearance of kinase or pseudokinase variants in vertebrate genomes alongside a canonical PSKH1 paralog. In this paper we confirm that, as predicted, PSKH2 lacks detectable protein phosphotransferase activity, and exploit structural informatics, biochemistry and cellular proteomics to begin to characterise vertebrate PSKH2 orthologues. AlphaFold 2-based structural analysis predicts functional roles for both the PSKH2 N- and C-regions that flank the pseudokinase domain core, and cellular truncation analysis confirms that the N-terminal domain, which contains a conserved myristoylation site, is required for both stable human PSKH2 expression and localisation to a membrane-rich subcellular fraction containing mitochondrial proteins. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we confirm that human PSKH2 is part of a cellular mitochondrial protein network, and that its expression is regulated through client-status within the HSP90/Cdc37 molecular chaperone system. HSP90 interactions are mediated through binding to the PSKH2 C-terminal tail, leading us to predict that this region might act as both a cis and trans regulatory element, driving outputs linked to the PSKH2 pseudokinase domain that are important for functional signalling.
Nanobodies against Pfs230 block Plasmodium falciparum transmission
Authors: Dietrich Melanie H. , Gabriela Mikha , Reaksudsan Kitsanapong , Dixon Matthew W. A. , Chan Li-Jin , Adair Amy , Trickey Stephanie , O'Neill Matthew T. , Tan Li Lynn , Lopaticki Sash , Healer Julie , Keremane Sravya , Cowman Alan F. , Tham Wai-Hong
Published: December 2022

Transmission blocking interventions can stop malaria parasite transmission from mosquito to human by inhibiting parasite infection in mosquitos. One of the most advanced candidates for a malaria transmission blocking vaccine is Pfs230. Pfs230 is the largest member of the 6-cysteine protein family with 14 consecutive 6-cysteine domains and is expressed on the surface of gametocytes and gametes. Here, we present the crystal structure of the first two 6-cysteine domains of Pfs230. We identified high affinity Pfs230-specific nanobodies that recognized gametocytes and bind to distinct sites on Pfs230, which were isolated from immunized alpacas. Using two non-overlapping Pfs230 nanobodies, we show that these nanobodies significantly blocked P. falciparum transmission and reduced the formation of exflagellation centers. Crystal structures of the transmission blocking nanobodies with the first 6-cysteine domain of Pfs230 confirm that they bind to different epitopes. In addition, these nanobodies bind to Pfs230 in the absence of the prodomain, in contrast with the binding of known Pfs230 transmission blocking antibodies. These results provide additional structural insight into Pfs230 domains and elucidate a mechanism of action of transmission blocking Pfs230 nanobodies.
Reading Comprehension of Chinese-Speaking Children With Hearing Loss: The Roles of Metalinguistic Awareness and Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Chan Yi-Chih
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to explore the contributions of phonological awareness (PA) and morphological awareness (MA) to the reading comprehension skills of Chinese-speaking children with hearing loss (HL) and examine the possible mediation effect of vocabulary knowledge on the relationships of PA and MA with their reading comprehension.

Method:

The participants were 28 Chinese-speaking children with HL, who were followed from Grade 1 through Grade 2. They were administered a series of tests that measured their PA and MA at the beginning of Grade 1, vocabulary knowledge at the end of Grade 1, and reading comprehension at the end of Grade 2.

Results:

MA significantly accounted for additional variance in reading comprehension beyond the effect of PA but not vice versa. Both PA and MA contributed uniquely to vocabulary knowledge, which completely mediated the relationships of PA and MA with reading comprehension.

Conclusions:

PA and MA are both essential to the development of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in Chinese-speaking children with HL; however, MA seems to be more important than PA in their reading comprehension. PA and MA significantly affect children's reading comprehension through their influence on vocabulary knowledge. This study has replicated previous evidence on the importance of PA, MA, and vocabulary knowledge in the reading comprehension of children with typical hearing, and has extended its significance to children with HL. In addition, the findings have the potential to inform educational practitioners regarding the importance of teaching essential reading skills to Chinese-speaking children with HL.
Evidence of extra mixing in field giants as traced by the lithium and carbon isotope ratio
Authors: Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Jones Matías I. , Chanamé Julio
Published: December 2022

Context.Although not predicted by standard stellar evolution, the surface abundance of light elements, such as lithium (Li), carbon, and nitrogen, changes during the red giant branch (RGB) as a result of extra mixing. This is usually associated with thermohaline mixing acting after the RGB bump. Peculiar Li-enriched RGB stars might also be related to either enhanced mixing or pollution from external sources.

Aims.We measure the Li abundance and carbon isotopic ratio12C/13C in a sample of 166 field red giants with −0.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.2, targeted by the EXPRESS radial velocity program to analyze the effects of extra mixing.

Methods.We measured the abundances with spectral synthesis using high-quality spectra. Multiple-epoch observations needed for exoplanet detection were used to decrease the effects of telluric contamination in12C/13C measurements.

Results.Due to the prevalence of upper limits, the Li abundance pattern is complicated to interpret, but the comparison between RGB and core He-burning giants shows effects of mixing consistent with thermohaline. The most Li-enriched giant in the sample, classified as a RGB star close to the RGB bump, has low12C/13C. Given that the12C/13C should not be affected by planet engulfment, this does not seem to be the source of the high Li. There is a decreasing correlation between mass and12C/13C in the RGB and an increasing correlation in the horizontal branch, which, once again, is consistent with thermohaline mixing. Our data also show a correlation between12C/13C and [Fe/H]. There is no evident impact of binarity either on Li or on12C/13C.

Conclusions.Our sample shows behavior consistent with additional mixing acting after the RGB bump. The12C/13C adds new clues which can be used to describe extra mixing, and it could well be the best tool to study mixing in giants. Additional measurements of12C/13C in field stars would greatly improve our ability to compare data with models and understand mixing mechanisms.
Cryptography using Automata Theory
Authors: Vayadande Kuldeep , Agarwal Kirti , Kabra Aadesh , Gangwal Ketan , Kinage Atharv
Published: December 2022

Encryption and decryption are the two most crucial components of cryptography. Data protection is the main objective of both systems. We utilised encryption to transform plain text into ciphertext. Decryption, which works the other way around from encryption, is the process of converting encrypted text back into plain text. By using a finite state machine and the LU decomposition method, the created encryption solution ensures data secrecy for safe communication. In our suggested approach, we additionally employ lower and upper triangular matrices, which are obtained by decomposing a square matrix. During encryption, the key will be a lower triangular matrix modulated by a prime number, and during decryption, an upper triangular matrix modulated by a prime number. The tactic is beneficial. This tactic is helpful in sectors such as finance and military services where confidential material must be delivered.
Digitaler Reifegrad der Krankenhausversorgung –
Ausgangssituation und Handlungsoptionen für eine forcierte digitale
Transformation in österreichischen
Krankenhäusern
Authors: Kriegel Johannes , Rissbacher Clemens
Published: December 2022

Zielsetzung Die stationäre Patientenversorgung in
österreichischen Krankenhäusern wird bestimmt durch
arbeitsteilige, interdisziplinäre und komplexe Leistungsprozesse, die
durch eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen und Abteilungen
erbracht werden. Die wissensbasierten Gesundheitsdienstleistungen werden dabei
durch einen Mix aus Arbeitsleistungen sowie Hard- und Software-Einsatz
dominiert. Aufgrund der verstärkten branchenübergreifenden
Digitalisierung von Leistungsprozessen stellt sich die Frage: Wie sollte die
Digitalisierung zur Verbesserung der zukünftigen Wertschöpfung
und Ressourcennutzung in österreichischen Krankenhäusern aus
Sicht der Entscheidungs- und Führungsverantwortlichen (Kollegiale
Führung) ausgestaltet und weiterentwickelt werden?

Methodik Mittels einer semi-strukturierten Literaturrecherche sowie einer
Online-Umfrage unter Entscheidungs- und Führungsverantwortlichen
(Kollegiale Führung) in österreichischen Krankenhäusern
(N=374; n=49, rr=13,1%) wurden der aktuelle
Reifegrad sowie die unterschiedlichen Zielsetzungen, Herausforderungen und
Lösungsansätze der Digitalisierung im Krankenhauswesen aus der
Perspektive der Kollegialen Führung, erhoben und analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es wird deutlich, dass die übergreifende
Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus durch eine Vielzahl an Akteuren, Professionen,
Aktivitäten, Ressourceneinsätzen sowie wissensbasierten
Dienstleistungen bestimmt sowie mit unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen
konfrontiert wird. Der aktuelle Reifegrad der Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus
erreicht nach Auffassung der befragten Entscheidungsverantwortlichen ein
mittleres Niveau. Wesentliche Verbesserungspotenziale und
Anwendungsmöglichkeiten werden insbesondere hinsichtlich der Nutzung von
Big Data und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI)-Technologien, dem
Asset-Tracking sowie der Anwendung von Mobile-Health-Lösungen
gesehen.

Schlussfolgerungen Neben der Weiterentwicklung der wissensbasierten und
qualifizierten medizinisch-pflegerisch-therapeutischen Patientenversorgung gilt
es, zukünftig verstärkt die Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus zu
forcieren. Ziel ist es, bei zunehmender Nachfrage und gesteigerten
Patientenerwartungen sowie verstärkt limitierter
Ressourcenverfügbarkeit, sowohl die Versorgungssicherheit (z. B.
niederschwelliger, zeit- und wohnortnaher Zugang) als auch die
Versorgungsqualität (z. B. Evidence Based Health Care),
sicherzustellen.
Virus und Nervensystem
Authors: Lotze Martin , Mehrholz Jan
Published: December 2022

In den letzten Jahrzehnten gab es eine beeindruckende Zahl von bedeutsamen
Infektionsausbreitungen. Bei der vorerst letzten, der wohlbekannten Pandemie mit
Covid-19, einem Erreger, der eigentlich primär die Atemwege befällt,
hatten bis zu 30% der Überlebenden langfristige neurologische
Symptome.
„Ich konnte mich kaum noch
selbst versorgen“
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: December 2022

Nach einer scheinbar harmlosen Grippe erholte sich die damals 22-jährige
Patientin nicht mehr richtig. Ein Ärztemarathon beginnt, bis sie die
Diagnose CFS/ME (Chronisches Fatigue-Syndrom/Myalgische
Enzephalomyelitis) erhält. Im Interview schildert die Patientin ihre
Erfahrungen.
Das Comprehensive Sepsis Center Dresden/Kreischa:
Behandlungspfade bei Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen
Authors: Bodechtel Ulf , Heubner Lars , Koch Thea , Spieth Peter , Hattenhauer Sarah , Bauer Andreas , Rößler Ines , Mehrholz Jan
Published: December 2022

Das Comprehensive Sepsis Center, sektorenübergreifendes Kompetenzzentrum
am Universitätsklinikum Dresden und an der Klinik Bavaria, arbeitet an
der konsequenten Früherkennung, der standardisierten Diagnostik sowie
der Implementierung eines fach- und sektorenübergreifenden
Behandlungspfads, um die Sterblichkeitsrate und mögliche Sepsisfolgen zu
verringern.
Gentherapie der Hämophilie: Empfehlung der Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung (GTH)
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang , Oldenburg Johannes , Klamroth Robert , Eichler Hermann , Koscielny Jürgen , Holzhauer Susanne , Holstein Katharina , Hovinga Johanna A. Kremer , Alberio Lorenzo , Olivieri Martin , Knöfler Ralf , Male Christoph , Tiede Andreas
Published: December 2022

Die Gentherapie hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer realistischen Behandlungsoption für Patienten mit Hämophilie entwickelt. Unter Berücksichtigung der verfügbaren Literatur und der persönlichen Erfahrungen aus klinischen Studien diskutieren wir hier wesentliche Aspekte der Gentherapie der Hämophilie A und B mit Vektoren auf Basis des Adeno-assoziierten Virus (AAV) einschließlich zu erwartender Ergebnisse, Risiken, Nebenwirkungen und Auswirkungen auf patientenrelevante Endpunkte. Überlegungen zur Auswahl von Patienten, zum Aufklärungs- und Einwilligungsprozess, zur ambulanten Durchführung und Überwachung der Gentherapie sowie zur Erfassung von Daten werden dargestellt. Die Notwendigkeit interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit der Hepatologie und anderen Fachgruppen wird dargelegt. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden strukturelle und organisatorische Voraussetzungen der Zentren, die Gentherapie durchführen (Dosierungszentren oder „Hub“), und der heimatnahen Zentren, die Patienten der Gentherapie zuführen und die Nachsorge übernehmen („Spoke“). Wir geben eine Empfehlung zur Nutzung einer elektronischen Plattform zum sicheren und verzögerungsfreien Datenaustausch zwischen diesen Zentren und den Patienten. Diese elektronische Plattform wird auch die Primärdatenquelle sein für Pharmakovigilanz, Studien, nationale und internationale Register sowie für die frühe Nutzenbewertung dieser neuen Therapieform. Überlegungen zur Finanzierung der Gentherapie sowie zur möglichen zukünftigen Nutzung bei Jugendlichen und Kindern werden diskutiert. In einem sich rasch entwickelnden wissenschaftlichen Umfeld sollen diese Empfehlungen den betreuenden Einrichtungen und Kostenträgern erste Orientierung in Vorbereitung auf die Anwendung der Gentherapie nach ihrer Zulassung geben.
Ultrasound Elastography for Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Dong Yi , Koch Jonas , Alhyari Amjad , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Wang Wen-Ping , Berzigotti Annalisa , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: December 2022

Focal liver lesions (FLL) are typically detected by conventional ultrasound or other
imaging modalities. After the detection of FLL, further characterization is essential, and
this can be done by contrast-enhanced imaging techniques, e.g., contrast-enhanced ultrasound
(CEUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or by means of biopsy with histological
evaluation. Elastographic techniques are nowadays integrated into high-end ultrasound systems
and their value for the detection of severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis has been shown in
studies and meta-analyses. The use of an ultrasound elastographic technique for the
differentiation of malignant and benign liver tumors is less well-established. This review
summarizes the current data on utility and performance of ultrasound elastography for the
characterization of FLL.
Virtual Planning and 3D Printing in Contemporary Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Roy Tulsi , Steinbacher Derek M.
Published: December 2022

Orthognathic surgery is a powerful tool to improve facial balance, form, and function. Virtual planning and three-dimensional printing has improved our ability to visualize complex anatomy, consider various iterations and execute complex movements, and create accurate splints, plates, and cutting guides. This article will outline the distinct advantages of the use of virtual surgical planning over traditional planning, and it will explore the utility of computer-aided design and technology within contemporary orthognathic surgery, including its expanded applications and limitations.
Simulations and measurements of bilamellar streak tubes
Authors: Pitt S. F. , Marshall G. , Heath B.
Published: December 2022

Particle-in-cell simulations of a picosecond-resolution bilamellar streak tube are described, and the results are compared to measurements of key specifications. A novel laser diode setup with a small focal spot has been used to investigate the sensitive width of the photocathode, a previously unpublished parameter. Simulations have shown that the tubes, while performing at high spatiotemporal resolution, have electron efficiencies of just 1.6% due to the action of the temporal focusing electrode, contributing to an effective dynamic range of around 10. The virtual photocathode created by this electrode was predicted to be 144 µm, in excellent agreement with the measured width of 136 µm. A simple method to improve the tube’s dynamic range by narrowing the slit width is investigated and shown to have a modest simulated improvement.
Electrically driven on-chip transferrable micro-LEDs
Authors: Min Byung-Ju , Kim Yeon-Ji , Choi Jae-Hyuck , Kim Min-Woo , Park Kyong-Tae , Jang Dong Jin , Choi Jin Sik , No You-Shin
Published: December 2022

In this study, we report the experimental demonstration of electrically driven on-chip transferrable microdisk light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A vertical p–i–n doped AlGaInP microdisk, including multi-quantum-well structures, is top-down-fabricated, on-chip micro-transferred, and converted into single micro-LEDs. Optically transparent and mechanically flexible multilayered graphene sheets are judiciously designed and introduced to the top and bottom surfaces of a single microdisk, thereby forming the top and bottom contacts. Using electroluminescence measurements, the fabricated micro-LEDs are characterized; they exhibit diode-like transport behaviors, spectroscopic light-out vs current (L–I) characteristics, and polarization-resolved emission properties. We believe that the proposed all-graphene-contact approach offers a direct and easy current injection scheme and further helps electrify various on-chip transferrable microarchitectures.
Thermochemical evaluation of adaptive and fixed density functional theory quadrature schemes
Authors: Hesselmann Andreas , Werner Hans-Joachim , Knowles Peter J.
Published: December 2022

A systematic study is made of the accuracy and efficiency of a number of existing quadrature schemes for molecular Kohn–Sham Density-Functional Theory (DFT) using 408 molecules and 254 chemical reactions. Included are the fixed SG-x (x = 0–3) grids of Gill et al., Dasgupta, and Herbert, the 3-zone grids of Treutler and Ahlrichs, a fixed five-zone grid implemented in Molpro, and a new adaptive grid scheme. While all methods provide a systematic reduction of errors upon extension of the grid sizes, significant differences are observed in the accuracies for similar grid sizes with various approaches. For the tests in this work, the SG-x fixed grids are less suitable to achieve high accuracies in the DFT integration, while our new adaptive grid performed best among the schemes studied in this work. The extra computational time to generate the adaptive grid scales linearly with molecular size and is negligible compared with the time needed for the self-consistent field iterations for large molecules. A comparison of the grid accuracies using various density functionals shows that meta-GGA functionals need larger integration grids than GGA functionals to reach the same degree of accuracy, confirming previous investigations of the numerical stability of meta-GGA functionals. On the other hand, the grid integration errors are almost independent of the basis set, and the basis set errors are mostly much larger than the errors caused by the numerical integrations, even when using the smallest grids tested in this work.
Bipolar persistent photoconductivity in HgTe/CdHgTe double quantum well heterostructures and its application for reversible change in the conductivity type
Authors: Nikolaev Ilya , Kazakov Aleksei , Drozdov Konstantin , Bannikov Mikhail , Spirin Kirill , Menshchikov Roman , Dvoretsky Sergey , Mikhailov Nikolay , Khokhlov Dmitry , Ikonnikov Anton
Published: December 2022

We report a detailed study of the bipolar persistent photoconductivity in an HgTe/CdHgTe double quantum well (DQW), which can be a perspective for studying topological states in these structures. Photoconductivity spectra measurements in the range of 1.1–3.1 eV as well as transport measurements under different illumination conditions were performed at T = 4.2 K. Based on the results, the processes occurring in the structure under illumination and leading to a change in the carrier concentration in the DQW have been established. They include interband generation in the CdTe cap layer and in the CdHgTe barrier layer and electron transitions from the spin-split band in the CdHgTe barrier layer to the conduction band in the CdTe cap layer. The presence of the CdTe cap layer and the appropriate cadmium fraction in the CdHgTe barrier layers have been shown to be the main factors determining the key features of the spectra. Finally, we suggest an effective method of controlling the conductivity type of HgTe/CdHgTe structures using light with different wavelengths.
Experimental investigation of melt infiltration and solidification in a pre-heated particle bed
Authors: Villanueva Walter , Hoseyni Seyed Mohsen , Bechta Sevostian , Hotta Akitoshi
Published: December 2022

Fluid infiltration, solidification, and remelting in a particle bed are complex phenomena that can occur in the lower head of a reactor pressure vessel (an in-vessel phenomenon) or in the reactor cavity below the vessel (an ex-vessel phenomenon) during a severe accident in a nuclear power plant. When the non-homogeneous corium, consisting of metal and oxide components, reheats, the lower-melting metals will melt first and move downward to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. This will change the global debris bed configuration and its physical and chemical properties, and thereby actively influence the accident progression, specifically the mode and timing of possible vessel failure and the melt characteristics upon release. Similar ex-vessel debris can form on the cavity floor below the vessel, which can threaten containment integrity if stable cooling is not established. In this paper, we present an experimental program employing recently constructed MRSPOD (multicomponent remelting, relocation, and solidification in porous debris) facility that mainly investigates melt infiltration, solidification, remelting, and relocation in a particulate debris bed. The facility uses a 12 × 130 cm2 (OD × Length) quartz tube in a cylindrical furnace and allows a debris bed to be configured, heated, and/or pressurized prior to fluid infiltration through the bed. The MRSPOD experiments were instrumented with thermocouples (TCs), fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, laser sensor, video, and infrared cameras, which are essential in describing the overall melt infiltration and solidification behavior. Here, a eutectic Sn–Bi melt with superheat temperature between 50 and 70 °C is poured into a preheated particle bed consisting of 1.5-mm spherical particles made of either copper (Cu), Sn-coated Cu, stainless steel (SS), Sn-coated SS, and/or glass beads to study the effect of thermal properties and wettability on the melt infiltration. Moreover, melt infiltration into a single-layer, multi-layer, and two-columnar particle beds is performed. Measurements from TCs, FBGs, and observations from video cameras have revealed a non-linear kinetics of melt infiltration. Moreover, the extracted ingots after the experiments have shown the complex infiltration process under similar test conditions.
Research on novel quantum phenomena of transition metal-doped ZrO2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Min , Li Hui , Ren Jie , Liu Jia , Yue Yunliang , Zhou Tiege
Published: December 2022

The spintronic properties of cubic ZrO2 (c-ZrO2) nanosheets with intrinsic defects and transition metal (TM) elements doping have been systematically studied by first-principle calculation. The results show that impurity Fe has the lowest formation energy in each monolayer compared to other defects. The most stable (111) nanosheet, coupled with the higher defect formation energy, tends to disintegrate. Only Zr vacancy (VZr) on the (110) surface or O vacancy (VO) on the (111) surface can generate a ferromagnetic ground state, while other intrinsic defects cannot introduce spin polarization. Ni-doped (110) monolayer cannot introduce a local magnetic moment, while Fe and Co can. The magnetic moments produced by Fe, Co, and Ni in the (111) sheet are 2, 4, and 1 µB, respectively. Further investigation revealed that the magnetism was mainly contributed by the d orbitals of the TM atom and the p orbitals of the surrounding O atoms. Magnetic couplings show that only Co–Co doped monolayers can produce macroscopic magnetism. These are predicted to produce TCs Curie temperature above room temperature when Co–Co distances are 5.070 and 6.209 Å on the (110) surface and 7.170 and 9.485 Å on the (111) surface. The research is beneficial to the refinement of the development of spintronics.
Influence of pressure-induced formation of dihydrogen bonds on lattice parameters, volume, and vibrational modes of ammonia borane
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Fujihisa Hiroshi , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Kikegawa Takumi
Published: December 2022

The high-pressure phase of ammonia borane (NH3BH3) observed at ∼1.2 GPa has been reported to result in pressure-induced formation of dihydrogen bonds at ∼4 GPa. In this study, we performed high-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements on the high-pressure phase (up to ∼10.2 GPa) using a He hydrostatic pressure medium to examine the influence of the formation of dihydrogen bonds on the lattice parameters and unit cell volume of NH3BH3. We observed a unique behavior in the pressure dependence of lattice parameters close to the pressure at which the dihydrogen bond was formed. The lattice parameters demonstrated hysteresis curves under compression and decompression conditions but the unit cell volume did not. Moreover, the pressure dependence of the unit cell volume could not be expressed using a single Birch–Murnaghan equation within an acceptable margin of error, thus suggesting a change in bulk modulus under compression. These results are considered to have originated from the pressure-induced formation of dihydrogen bonds. Moreover, high-pressure Raman scattering measurements and a simulation using density functional theory calculations revealed the vibrational modes of the high-pressure phase of NH3BH3. The results demonstrated that librational modes were enhanced by forming dihydrogen bonds. Moreover, the intramolecular stretching modes of BN, BH, and NH monotonically shifted with pressure, while the symmetrical in-plane bending modes of BH3 and NH3 split irrespective of the formation of dihydrogen bonds.
Origin of anisotropic magnetoresistance tunable with electric field in Co2FeSi/BaTiO3 multiferroic interfaces
Authors: Tsuna Shunsuke , Costa-Amaral Rafael , Gohda Yoshihiro
Published: December 2022

We report a first-principles investigation based on density functional theory with the Hubbard U correction to identify the mechanism behind the electric-field modulation, via a-c domain-wall motion, of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio in Co2FeSi/BaTiO3 heterostructures. The effects of BaTiO3 (BTO) electric polarization in the [001], [001¯], and [01¯0] directions on the FeSi/TiO2 and CoCo/TiO2 interface terminations are taken into account. We show that the response of the interface geometric and electronic properties to the BTO polarization depends on the interface termination. For instance, the pinning of atoms at the FeSi-terminated interface inhibits the [001] polarization. Through the a-c domain-wall motion, interface hybridized 3dyz states shift in energy and change the minority-spin density of states at the Fermi level, modifying the AMR through the α=ρ↓ρ↑ component. A discussion of the results based on the Campbell–Fert–Jaoul model with s-s and s-d scattering is provided. The electronic states of Co2FeSi inner layers remained mostly unchanged upon the transition between the ferroelectric domains, which indicates that long-range magnetoelastic effects have a negligible influence on the AMR ratio. Hence, the results indicate that interface bonding effects are the origin of the electric-field modulation of the AMR via a-c domain-wall motion in Co2FeSi/BaTiO3 heterostructures.
In-plane and interlayer mechanical behaviors of diamane superlattice generated in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Liu Siyu , Chen Yan , Liu Yilun
Published: December 2022

Diamane superlattice generated by the interlayer bonding of twisted bilayer graphene (IB-TBG) has attracted much attention thanks to its excellent properties inherited from bulk diamond, as well as the versatile modulation of physical and mechanical properties, which may open up novel electronic applications. In this work, we have systematically studied the in-plane and interlayer mechanical behaviors of IB-TBG through molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis by considering different structural parameters, such as the twisted angle, stack pattern, and interlayer bonding density. It is found that interlayer bonding density plays a crucial role in determining the in-plane and interlayer shear mechanical properties of IB-TBG. Both the in-plane tensile modulus and strength follow the same linear attenuation relationship with interlayer bonding density for different twisted angles and stacked patterns, while the interlayer shear modulus increases with interlayer bonding density following the same power law, and the critical shear strain of failure linearly decreases with interlayer bonding density. Furthermore, two failure modes are observed under shear deformation, i.e., the failure of interlayer bonding (mode I) and fracture of graphene sheets (mode G). Then, theoretical prediction is carried out by considering the balance of in-plane tension and interlayer shear, which can identify the two failure modes well. The results presented herein yield useful insights for designing and tuning the mechanical properties of IB-TBG.