bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Watervogels – Wintering waterbirds in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Devos Koen , T’jollyn Filiep , Desmet Peter , Piesschaert Frederic , Brosens Dimitri
Published: February 2020

"Watervogels – Wintering waterbirds in Flanders, Belgium" is a sampling event dataset published by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). It contains more than 94,000 sampling events (site counts), covering over 710,000 species observations (and zero counts when there is no associated occurrence) and 36 million individual birds for the period 1991–2016. The dataset includes information on 167 different species in nearly 1,100 wetland sites. The aim of these bird counts is to gather information on the size, distribution, and long-term trends of wintering waterbird populations in Flanders. These data are also used to assess the importance of individual sites for waterbirds, using quantitative criteria. Furthermore, the waterbird counts contribute to international monitoring programs, such as the International Waterbird Census (coordinated by Wetlands International) and fulfil some of the objectives of the European Bird Directive, the Ramsar Convention, and the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA). Here the dataset is published as a standardized Darwin Core Archive and includes for each event: a stable event ID, date and location of observation and a short description of the sampling protocol, effort and conditions (in the event core), supplemented with specific information for each occurrence: a stable occurrence ID, the scientific name and higher classification of the observed species, the number of recorded individuals, and a reference to the observer of the record (in the occurrence extension). Issues with the dataset can be reported at https://github.com/inbo/data-publication/issues.

The following information is not included in this dataset and available upon request: roost site counts, counts from historical (inactive) locations and counts from before 1991.

We have released this dataset to the public domain under a CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). We would appreciate it if you follow the INBO norms for data use (https://www.inbo.be/en/norms-data-use) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, do not hesitate to contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via opendata@inbo.be.
Psychanalyse institutionnelle de l’éducation physique et des sports
Authors: Gantheret François
Published: February 2020

Cet article examine les enjeux de la « culture physique » selon plusieurs angles, individuel et collectif. Du point de vue individuel, soit les pulsions libidinales et les pulsions de mort peuvent se « désintriquer » et le sujet en retire un véritable bénéfice de plaisir corporel  ; soit l’activité de désintrication pulsionnelle n’est pas possible et cette activité se met alors au service de l’édification d’un barrage aux pulsions de mort, comme cuirasse défensive qui se lézarde aussitôt, en même temps que s’en affirme le caractère répétitif et sadomasochiste. D’un point de vue collectif, la répression des pulsions érotiques nécessitée par le maintien de la culture se soutient de structures d’accueil qui encadrent certains modes d’investissement ou de résolution des conflits. Ce qui origine en réalité cette répression est le souci de rendement qu’accompagne une morale de l’effort justifiant la souffrance : le sujet sportif qui s’inscrit dans un type de production et d’échange répète très exactement ce qui se passe dans le domaine de la production économique. Au bénéfice de qui va ce « manque à jouir » ? Qui profite de la « plus-value du plaisir » ? L’auteur en appelle à la réflexivité de l’éducateur face à sa pratique et à ses institutions.
David Helfgott, un musicien hors pair
Authors: Belle Laetitia , Delaplace Joseph , Page Christiane , Trichet Yohan
Published: February 2020

David Helfgott est un pianiste australien célèbre de 70 ans qui rencontre encore aujourd’hui un succès considérable. Un biopic a été réalisé en 1996 par le réalisateur Scott Hicks qui retrace la vie de l’artiste, en s’appuyant sur les données développées par son épouse Gillian Murray dans son ouvrage autobiographique. Nous mettrons en évidence, au-delà de la représentation esthétique auquel le film de Hicks se consacre, ce que nous formulons par le parcours logique propre à cet artiste à partir de quelques points cliniques précis : le fantasme d’exception du père qui enferme David Helfgott dans un impératif de réussite d’un idéal, celui de devenir un pianiste virtuose ; les relations féminines ayant un statut maternel et opérant une fonction de stabilisation psychique pour le sujet ; l’acte d’extraction de la relation imaginaire avec le père qui lui permet de renouer avec une pratique musicale vivable et apaisée. Notre dernier point interroge notamment la fonction sinthomale que peut prendre le partenaire amoureux dans ce qui fait le rapport de David Helfgott à la jouissance. Notre intérêt dans cette dernière partie s’intéresse moins au diagnostic structural, nécessaire par ailleurs à établir, qu’à l’appréhension des mouvements de régulation et de dérégulation de la jouissance chez ce sujet, et la solution sinthomale opérant pour lui comme principe régulateur des flux de jouissance.
Alexandre Grothendieck, trajet d’un mathématicien au travail de l’Un
Authors: Réguer Fanny
Published: February 2020

Alexandre Grothendieck fut un mathématicien de renom qui renouvela complètement sa discipline par son approche inédite de celle qui fut « l’une des trois passions » de sa vie : la mathématique. Dans un témoignage nommé par lui Récoltes et semailles , écrit entre 1983 et 1985, Grothendieck explore sous une plume précise et prolixe ce que furent pour lui la mathématique et le monde scientifique. Il s’y dévoile au fil des pages une logique subjective mise au service de cette discipline, entre chaos et ordonnancement du monde, entre création et arrachement du sujet. Cet épais récit nous enseigne ainsi tant sur la construction subjective qui fut pour lui un soutien nécessaire, que sur la part de singularité qui réside dans le travail de découverte scientifique. À suivre au plus près le trajet de ce témoignage, nous posons l’hypothèse que ce travail mathématique est une tentative incessante de faire passer au savoir un Réel qui s’impose à lui, dans une quête d’unité mythique, où l’écriture prit une place centrale.
Logiques néologiques de Lacan
Authors: Vincent Bruno
Published: February 2020

Cette étude vise à montrer le rôle joué par les néologismes dans l’enseignement de Jacques Lacan. Elle prend appui sur un recueil existant des néologismes de Lacan prenant en compte le séminaire et les écrits. Nous nous intéressons à des néologismes choisis au long de son enseignement et mis en relation avec ses élaborations théoriques. Dans le premier temps de son enseignement, où le registre symbolique est au premier plan, les néologismes entrent dans une logique signifiante, selon deux orientations qui sont le trait d’esprit et l’élaboration de savoir. Avec la mise au premier plan du réel dans son enseignement, d’autres logiques néologiques s’ajoutent à la logique signifiante. Une logique de la lettre, une logique du dire, une logique de lalangue et une logique de la nomination. Ces différentes logiques ont en commun de répondre au projet d’un style ironique annoncé au début de l’enseignement de Lacan. Il s’agit d’un style qui questionne le lecteur ou l’auditeur et l’invite à y mettre du sien. Les néologismes sont rarement définis. Ils donnent lieu à des associations qui ont valeur d’évocation, produisant des connotations. Les néologismes sont emblématiques d’un style qui tient la définition et le discours conceptuel à distance.
Paradoja de la ceguera vidente y puesta en escena del autor en Los ingrávidos, de Valeria Luiselli
Authors: Licata Nicolas
Published: February 2020

El presente ensayo se centra en la ceguera tal como se representa en Los ingrávidos (2011) e intenta aprehender sus implicaciones desde el punto de vista de la representación del autor.
Pedro Zulen et la défense des droits des Indiens :de l’Association Pro-Indigène à la radicalité
Authors: Fourtané Nicole
Published: February 2020

Pedro Zulen (1889-1925) crée l’Association Pro-Indigène (1909-1916) pour veiller à ce que les droits que la Constitution accorde aux aborigènes soient effectifs. Il déploie une intense activité journalistique pour dénoncer dans les journaux et les revues les abus dont ils sont victimes. Favorable à la destruction de la grande propriété et à une révolution agraire, Zulen se radicalise à partir de 1915. Il prône à la population autochtone le droit et le devoir de s’insurger contre un système injuste.
Burden of eye conditions at a specialised eye hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Verwey Vincent F. , Mahomed Saajida
Published: February 2020

Background: Comprehension of the burden of eye diseases in an area is essential for adequate budgeting and resource allocation.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of the presenting eye conditions at a provincial eye hospital.Setting: A retrospective audit was conducted of first-time presenting patients at the McCord Provincial Eye Hospital over a 6-month period.Methods: This was an observational, analytic cross-sectional study. Patients’ basic demographic and diagnoses were captured. Categorical variables were summarised using frequencies and percentages. Age was summarised using the mean and standard deviation. Differences in the number of patients seen per month, week and day of the week were compared using analysis of variance.Results: A total of 2250 new patients were seen over the 6-month period. There were more females (n = 1253, 55.7%) than males (n = 997, 44.3%). There were 186 (8.3%) patients (≤ 14 years). The three most common presenting conditions among adults were cataract (n = 743, 36.0%), posterior segment disorders (n = 397, 19.2%) and glaucoma (n = 261, 12.6%). Regarding posterior segment disorders, diabetic retinopathy was the commonest condition (n = 284, 71%), followed by retinal detachment (n = 34, 8.5%). Among the paediatric patients, the most common condition was squint (n = 55, 29.6%), followed by orbital conditions (n = 29, 15.6%) and cataract (n = 25, 13.4%).Conclusion: Audits of the burden of eye conditions provide useful information for human resource management; appropriate allocation, as well as availability of ophthalmologic equipment and staff, can be guided by making use of such information. Further studies and surveillance of eye conditions are needed to plan for better eye health services for patient care.
History of academic family medicine in South Africa – When did it start?
Authors: Gaede Bernhard
Published: February 2020

The literature on the history of family medicine as an academic discipline locates its beginning with the establishment of two faculties linked to the Royal College of General Practice in 1958. However, the history of Community Oriented Primary Care documents, how the Kark’s moved from Pholela in KwaZulu-Natal, were involved with the establishment of the Natal Medical School in Durban. As part of this a Department of Social, Preventative and Family Medicine was established in 1956 with Dr Sidney Kark as its first Head of Department. The South African Academy of Family Practice and Primary Care established in 1980 explicitly orientated itself in relation to public healthcare (PHC). We need to re-claim the history of Community Oriented Primary Care as part of the history of family medicine and proudly trace our current ethos and values to the seminal work of the Kark’s.
Unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma: A rare case report
Authors: Kishore Manjari , Chauhan Devender Singh , Dogra Shruti
Published: February 2020

Cutaneous and intraoral metastasis from any malignancy is not common. Cutaneous spread is usually noted in 5%–10% of high-grade malignancies, as in carcinoma breast, lung, colon, ovary, and malignant melanoma. Only 4.6% cases of cutaneous spread are from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Intraoral spread from RCC is much rarer with an incidence of approximately 1% of all malignant oral tumors, noted sometimes in tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lips. RCC is a highly aggressive tumor which requires early diagnosis for increasing the chance of cure. In our case, a 54-year-old male presented with swelling over upper lip, scalp, and retromolar area, which on histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed clear cell carcinoma compatible with metastatic RCC.
Extraintestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Sudhaharan Sukanya , Kanne Padmaja , Vemu Lakshmi , Bhaskara Aparna
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Infection with Salmonella has become an increasing problem worldwide. Recently, nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) has become a global concern causing threat to the health of human. It causes gastrointestinal infection which may be self-limiting, but invasive infections may be fatal, requiring appropriate therapy. This study was done to analyze the spectrum of NTS infections causing extraintestinal infections and its susceptibility pattern from a tertiary care center in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 27 patients whose cultures were positive for NTS between the years 2013–2016 were included in this retrospective study. The relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the 27 patients, predominant patients were in the age group of 20–30 years. The male to female ratio is 1.7:1. Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant NTS isolated among 15/27 (55.5%), followed by Salmonella enteritidis 4/27 (14.8%). 18/27 (66.6%) of NTS were isolated from blood. Nalidixic acid was sensitive in 2/15 of S. typhimurium, 2/4 of S. enteritidis and 1/3 of Salmonella weltevreden, while others are nalidixic acid-resistant implying resistance to quinolones. They were sensitive to other antibiotics reported.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the spectrum of NTS causing extraintestinal infections which is an emerging infection occurring mostly in immunosuppressed individuals. There should be a high degree of clinical suspicion which would help in the early diagnosis and management of patients.
Vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin susceptibility pattern among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Sub- Himalyan Center
Authors: Husain Afzal , Rawat Vinita , Kumar Mukesh , Verma Pankaj Kumar ,   Umesh
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of vancomycin, drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has become questionable due to the emergence of MRSA isolates with reduced susceptibility. The present study was conducted to determine the vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin susceptibility pattern in clinical isolates of MRSA and to observe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep over 2 years if any.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MIC of vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin were determined by E-test in 198 MRSA isolates and their MIC 50, MIC 90, and geometric mean MIC were calculated.

RESULTS: While all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin, MIC 90 of vancomycin increased from 1.5 µg/ml in 2015 to 2 µg/ml in 2016. The percentage of isolates with vancomycin MIC >2 µg/ml doubled in 2016 (12.9%) as compared to 2015 (6.1%). MIC 90 for linezolid remained steady as 3 µg/ml, but geometric mean MIC increased from 2.20 µg/ml in 2015 to 2.29 µg/ml in 2016, and more than 40% isolates showed MIC 3 µg/ml. MIC 90 and geometric mean MIC of daptomycin decreased from 0.75 µg/ml to 0.5 µg/ml and 0.50 µg/ml to 0.36 µg/ml in 2015 and 2016, respectively.

CONCLUSION: MIC creep was observed with vancomycin. Although linezolid MIC was within the susceptible zone, more than 40% strains showing MIC 3 µg/ml may herald the future development of either resistant or heteroresistant. Daptomycin showed good sensitivity against MRSA isolates. Therefore, it could be considered as an alternative agent for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA. However, it should be reserved where this class has a clear therapeutic advantage over other anti-MRSA drugs.
Laparoscopic assisted balloon enteroscopy to detect obscure gastrointestinal bleeding sources missed by capsule endoscopy
Authors: Bisogni Damiano , Alemanno Giovanni , Galli Andrea , Di Bella Annamaria , Novelli Luca , Innocenti Tommaso , Prosperi Paolo
Published: February 2020

Jejunoileal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are frequently multifocal and represent a consistent source of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). We report the real-life case of a female presenting to our attention for severe episodes of haematochezia caused by multiple localisation of jejunoileal NETs. A discrepancy between pre-operative total body contrast-enhancement computed tomography scan and capsule endoscopy (CE) emerged, in terms of numbers of lesions, so that, as completeness, an intraoperative balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) was carried out, leading to the detection of the multiple lesions missed during CE. In case of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding sources missed by capsule endoscopy, laparoscopic-assisted balloon enteroscopy plays an essential role, allowing both to assess a precise diagnosis and to resect the intestinal bleeding tract.
Conferința Internațională IUFRO ”Semnificația schimbărilor actuale de mediu asupra dăunătorilor și patogenilor din ecosistemele forestiere” Suceava, 16-20 septembrie 2019
Authors: Duduman Mihai-Leonard , Lupaștean Daniela
Published: February 2020

În perioada 16 – 20 septembrie 2019, a avut loc la Suceava cea de-a 13-a conferință internațională a Grupului de lucru IUFRO* 7.03.10 „Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe”, cu titlul „Recent Changes in Forest Insects and Pathogens Significance”. Conferința este organizată, la fiecare 2 ani, de către universități sau institute de cercetare din domeniul forestier din Europa iar, după 19 ani, conferința revine în România. Facultatea de Silvicultură din cadrul Universităţii ”Ștefan cel Mare” a avut onoarea de a fi organizatoarea acestei manifestări științifice importante, sub coordonarea comitetului grupului de lucru IUFRO 7.03.10. La buna desfășurare a conferinței au contribuit Asociația „Societatea pentru Silvicultură si Mediu Suceava”, precum și sponsorii Regia Națională a Pădurilor Romsilva și compania AlphaScent (USA). Temele abordate în cadrul conferinței se încadrează în sfera preocupărilor privind dăunătorii și bolile care afectează pădurile din Emisfera Nordică și identificarea de soluții tehnice pentru controlul bolilor și dăunătorilor, respectiv: actualizarea informațiilor privind distribuția bolilor si dăunătorilor forestieri; identificarea si monitorizarea speciilor invazive de boli și dăunători și identificarea de soluții pentru reducerea impactului bolilor și dăunătorilor forestieri. Conferința a reunit peste 80 de participanți și invitați, cercetători și practicieni din domeniul protecției pădurilor din 19 țări, care au împărtășit rezultatele activității lor în domeniul protecției pădurilor în cadrul celor 31 de prezentări orale și a celor 28 de postere afișate. Cu sprijinul colegilor de la Direcția Silvică Suceava, Ocolul Silvic Adâncata și Ocolul Silvic Pojorâta, programul conferinței a inclus o excursie in rezervațiile naturale Pădurea Zamostea Luncă și Codrul Secular Giumalău, o ocazie rară pentru participanți de a cunoaște și admira frumusețea naturii acestui colț de țară.
Observing carbon dioxide emissions over China's cities with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
Authors: Zheng Bo , Chevallier Frederic , Ciais Philippe , Broquet Gregoire , Wang Yilong , Lian Jinghui , Zhao Yuanhong
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In order to track progress towards the global climate targets, the parties that signed the Paris Climate Agreement will regularly report their anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions based on energy statistics and CO2 emission factors. Independent evaluation of this self-reporting system is a fast-growing research topic. Here, we study the value of satellite observations of the column CO2 concentrations to estimate CO2 anthropogenic emissions with five years of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrievals over and around China. With the detailed information of emission source locations and the local wind, we successfully observe CO2 plumes from 60 cities and industrial regions over China and quantify their CO2 emissions from the OCO-2 observations, which add up to a total of 1.6 Gt CO2 yr−1 that account for 17 % of mainland China's annual emissions. The number of cities whose emissions are constrained by OCO-2 here is three to ten times larger than previous studies that only focused on large cities and power plants in different locations around the world. Our satellite-based emission estimates are broadly consistent with the independent values from the detailed China's emission inventory MEIC, but are more different from those of two widely used global gridded emission datasets (i.e., EDGAR and ODIAC), especially for the emission estimates for the individual cities. These results demonstrate some skill in the satellite-based emission quantification for isolated source clusters with the OCO-2, despite the sparse sampling of this instrument not designed for this purpose. This skill can be improved by future satellite missions that will have a denser spatial sampling of surface emitting areas, which will come soon in the early 2020s.
Basal thermal regime affects the biogeochemistry of subglacial systems
Authors: Dubnick Ashley , Sharp Martin , Danielson Brad , Saidi-Mehrabad Alireza , Barker Joel
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Ice formed in the subglacial environment can contain some of the highest
concentrations of solutes, nutrients, and microbes found in glacier systems, which can be released to downstream freshwater and marine ecosystems and
glacier forefields. Despite the potential ecological importance of basal
ice, our understanding of its spatial and temporal biogeochemical
variability remains limited. We hypothesize that the basal thermal regime
of glaciers is a dominant control on subglacial biogeochemistry because it
influences the degree to which glaciers mobilize material from the
underlying substrate and controls the nature and extent of biogeochemical
activity that occurs at glacier beds. Here, we characterize the solutes,
nutrients, and microbes found in the basal regions of a cold-based glacier
and three polythermal glaciers and compare them to those found in overlying
glacier ice of meteoric origin. Compared to meteoric glacier ice, basal ice
from polythermal glaciers was consistently enriched in major ions, dissolved
organic matter (including a specific fraction of humic-like fluorescent
material), and microbes and was occasionally enriched in dissolved
phosphorus and reduced nitrogen (NH4+) and in a second dissolved
component of humic-like fluorescent material. In contrast, the
biogeochemistry of basal ice from the cold-based glacier was remarkably
similar to that of meteoric glacier ice. These findings suggest that a
glacier's basal thermal regime can play an important role in determining the
mix of solutes, nutrients, and microbes that are acquired from subglacial
substrates or produced in situ.
A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to
2018 – Overwintering the Drought Code
Authors: McElhinny Megan , Beckers Justin F. , Hanes Chelene , Flannigan Mike , Jain Piyush
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present a global high-resolution calculation of the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System Indices using surface meteorology from the ERA5-HRS reanalysis for 1979–2018. ERA5-HRS represents an improved dataset compared to several other reanalyses in terms of accuracy, as well as spatial and temporal coverage. The FWI calculation is performed using two different procedures for setting the start-up value of the Drought Code (DC) at the beginning of the fire season. The first procedure, which accounts for the effects of inter-seasonal drought, overwinters the DC by adjusting the fall DC value with a fraction of accumulated overwinter precipitation. The second procedure sets the DC to its default start-up value (i.e. 15) at the start of each fire season. We validate the FWI values over Canada using station observations from Environment and Climate Change Canada and find generally good agreement (mean Spearman correlation of 0.77). We also show that significant differences in early season DC and FWI values can occur when the FWI System calculation is started using the overwintered versus default DC values, as is highlighted by an example from 2016 over North America. The FWI System moisture codes and fire behavior indices are made available for both versions of the calculation at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626193 (McElhinny et al., 2020), although we recommend using codes and indices calculated with the overwintered DC, unless specific research requirements dictate otherwise.
A comprehensive assessment of tropical stratospheric upwelling in the specified dynamics Community Earth System Model 1.2.2 – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM (WACCM))
Authors: Davis Nicholas A. , Davis Sean M. , Portmann Robert W. , Ray Eric , Rosenlof Karen H. , Yu Pengfei
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Specified dynamics (SD) schemes relax the circulation in climate models toward a reference meteorology to simulate historical variability. These
simulations are widely used to isolate the dynamical contributions to variability and trends in trace gas species. However, it is not clear if
trends in the stratospheric overturning circulation are properly reproduced by SD schemes. This study assesses numerous SD schemes and modeling
choices in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (WACCM) to determine a set of best practices for
reproducing interannual variability and trends in tropical stratospheric upwelling estimated by reanalyses. Nudging toward the reanalysis
meteorology as is typically done in SD simulations does not accurately reproduce lower-stratospheric upwelling trends present in the underlying
reanalysis. In contrast, nudging to anomalies from the climatological winds or anomalies from the zonal-mean winds and temperatures better
reproduces trends in lower-stratospheric upwelling, possibly because these schemes do not disrupt WACCM's climatology. None of the schemes
substantially alter the structure of upwelling trends – instead, they make the trends more or less AMIP-like. An SD scheme's performance in
simulating the acceleration of the shallow branch of the mean meridional circulation from 1980 to 2017 hinges on its ability to simulate the downward
shift of subtropical lower-stratospheric wave momentum forcing. Key to this is not nudging the zonal-mean temperature field. Gravity wave
momentum forcing, which drives a substantial fraction of the upwelling in WACCM, cannot be constrained by nudging and presents an upper limit on the
performance of these schemes.
Flex_extract v7.1 – A software to retrieve and prepare ECMWF data for use in FLEXPART
Authors: Philipp Anne , Haimberger Leopold , Seibert Petra
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Flex_extract is an open-source software package to efficiently retrieve and prepare meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as input for the widely-used Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART and the related trajectory model FLEXTRA. ECMWF provides a variety of data sets which differ in a number of parameters (available fields, spatial and temporal resolution, forecast start times, level types etc.). Therefore, the selection of the right data for a specific application and the settings needed to obtain them are not trivial. Therefore, the data sets which can be retrieved through flex_extract by both authorised member state users and public users and their properties are explained. Flex_extract 7.1 is a substantially revised version with completely restructured software, mainly written in Python3, which is introduced with all input and output files and for the four different application modes. Software dependencies and the methods for calculating the native vertical velocity η̇, the handling of flux data and the preparation of the final FLEXPART input files are documented. Considerations for applications give guidance with respect to the selection of data sets, caveats related to the land-sea mask and orography, etc. Formal software quality assurance methods have been applied to flex_extract. It comes with a set of unit and regression tests as well as code metric data. A short description of the installation and usage of flex_extract as well as information about available detailed documentation is also provided.
Are flood damage models converging to reality? Lessons learnt from a blind test
Authors: Molinari Daniela , Scorzini Anna Rita , Arrighi Chiara , Carisi Francesca , Castelli Fabio , Domeneghetti Alessio , Gallazzi Alice , Galliani Marta , Grelot Frédéric , Kellermann Patric , Kreibich Heidi , Mohor Guilherme S. , Mosimann Markus , Natho Stephanie , Richert Claire , Schroeter Kai , Thieken Annegret H. , Zischg Andreas Paul , Ballio Francesco
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Effective flood risk management requires a realistic estimation of flood losses. However, available flood damage estimates are still characterised by significant levels of uncertainty, questioning the capacity of flood damage models to depict real damages. With a joint effort of eight international research groups, the objective of this study was to compare the performances of different damage models for the estimation of the direct flood damage to the residential sector at the building level (i.e. micro scale) in a blind validation test. The test consisted in a common flood case study characterised by high availability of hazard and building data, but with undisclosed information on observed losses in the implementation stage of the models. The selected nine models were chosen in order to guarantee a good mastery of the models by the research teams, variety of the modelling approaches and heterogeneity of the original calibration context, in relation to both hazard and vulnerability features. By avoiding possible biases in model implementation, this blind comparison provided more objective insights on the transferability of the models and on the reliability of their estimations, especially regarding the potentials of local and multi-variable models. From another perspective, the exercise allowed to increase authors’ awareness on strengths and limits of flood damage modelling, which are summarised in the paper in the form of take-home messages from a modeller's perspective.
Assimilation of chlorophyll data into a stochastic ensemble simulation for the North Atlantic ocean
Authors: Santana-Falcón Yeray , Brasseur Pierre , Brankart Jean Michel , Garnier Florent
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Satellite-derived surface chlorophyll data are daily assimilated into a three-dimensional 24 member ensemble configuration of an online-coupled NEMO-PISCES model for the North Atlantic ocean. A one-year multivariate assimilation experiment is performed to evaluate the impacts on analyses and forecast ensembles. Our results demonstrate that the integration of data improves surface analysis and forecast chlorophyll representation in a major part of the model domain, where the assimilated simulation outperforms the probabilistic skills of a non-assimilated analogous simulation. However, improvements are dependent on the reliability of the prior free ensemble. A regional diagnosis shows that surface chlorophyll is overestimated in the northern limit of the subtropical North Atlantic, where the prior ensemble spread does not cover the observation's variability. There, the system cannot deal with corrections that alter the equilibrium between the observed and unobserved state variables producing instabilities that propagate into the forecast. To alleviate these inconsistencies, a one-month sensitivity experiment in which the assimilation process is only applied to model fluctuations is performed. Results suggest the use of this methodology may decrease the effect of corrections on the correlations between state vectors. Overall, the experiments presented here evidence the need of refining the description of model's uncertainties according to the biogeochemical characteristics of each oceanic region.
Uncertainty assessment for 3D geologic modeling of fault zones based on geologic inputs and prior knowledge
Authors: Krajnovich Ashton , Zhou Wendy , Gutierrez Marte
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Characterizing the zone of damaged and altered rock surrounding a fault surface is highly relevant to geotechnical and reservoir engineering works in the subsurface. Evaluating the uncertainty associated with 3D geologic modeling of these fault zones is made possible using the popular and flexible input-based uncertainty propagation approach to geologic model uncertainty assessment – termed Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty propagation (MCUP). To satisfy the automation requirements of MCUP while still preserving the key geometry of fault zones in the subsurface, a clear and straightforward modeling approach is developed based on four geologic inputs used in implicit geologic modeling algorithms (surface trace, structural orientation, vertical termination depth and fault zone thickness). The rationale applied to identifying and characterizing the various sources of uncertainty affecting each input are explored and provided using open-source codes. In considering these sources of uncertainty, a novel model formulation is implemented using prior geologic knowledge (i.e., empirical and theoretical relationships) to parameterize modeling inputs which are typically subjectively interpreted by the modeler (e.g., vertical termination depth of fault zones). Additionally, the application of anisotropic spherical distributions to modeling disparate levels of information available regarding a fault zone's dip azimuth and dip angle is demonstrated, providing improved control over the structural orientation uncertainty envelope. The MCUP formulation developed is applied to a simple geologic model built from historically available geologic mapping data to assess the independent sensitivity of each modeling input on the combined model uncertainty, revealing that vertical termination depth and structural orientation uncertainty dominate model uncertainty at depth while surface trace uncertainty dominates model uncertainty near the ground surface. The method is also successfully applied to a more complex model containing intersecting major and minor fault zones. The impacts of the model parameterization choices, the fault zone modeling approach and the effects of fault zone interactions on the final geologic model uncertainty assessment are discussed.
Clinical profile and outcomes of opioid abuse gastroenteropathy: an underdiagnosed disease entity
Authors: Mahajan Ramit , Gupta Yogesh , Singh Arshdeep , Dhiman Pulkit , Midha Vandana , Kakkar Chandan , Narang Vikram , Mehta Varun , Saggar Kavita , Sood Ajit
Published: February 2020

Background/Aims: Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction includes nausea, vomiting, constipation and abdominal distension. We describe patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and ulcerated strictures secondary to opioid abuse, an entity not well described in literature.Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with opioid abuse gastroenteropathy presenting to Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India between January 2013 and December 2018. Opioid abuse gastroenteropathy was defined as gastric or small bowel ulcers and ulcerated strictures in patients abusing opioids, where all other possible etiologies of GI ulcers/strictures were excluded. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, radiological and histological parameters as well as response to treatment were assessed.Results: During the study period, 20 patients (mean age, 38.5±14.2 years; 100% males) were diagnosed to have opioid induced GI ulcers and/or ulcerated strictures. The mean duration of opioid consumption was 6.2±3.4 years. The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 222.1±392.3 days. Thirteen patients (65%) had gastroduodenal involvement, 6 (30%) had a jejunoileal disease and 1 (5%) had an ileocecal stricture. Two patients (10%) presented with upper GI bleeding, 11 (55%) had features of gastric outlet obstruction and 7 (35%) presented with small bowel obstruction. Abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia were the most common presentations. Only 1 patient (5%) responded to proton pump inhibitors, 3 (15%) had a lasting response to endoscopic balloon dilatation, while all other (80%) required surgical intervention.Conclusions: Opioid abuse gastroenteropathy presents as ulcers and ulcerated strictures which respond poorly to medical management and endoscopic balloon dilatation. A majority of these cases need surgical intervention.
Monitoring Impact of Social Dominance Orientation in Bangladeshi Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Islam Enamul
Published: February 2020

We see signs of conflict, chaos, confusion, extortion, blockage and street violence in Bangladesh as a regular phenomenon. Often workers are found in the street creating unwanted activities to draw the attention of the Government. The problems of intergroup discrimination are responsible for social inequality. The worker group tries to dominate over the managerial group in most enterprises. In any organisation, psychopathic individual works alone but while expressing criminal activities or destructive activities, they function as a cooperative group. Regardless of the form of creation, or the contents of its fundamental belief system, workers group tend to organise as group-based social hierarchies in which they often dominate another group (managerial group) and enjoy higher social status and power.While scholars of developed nations have a greater interest in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) study, little is known about least developed and developing nations. This quantitative cross-sectional study joins a serious of Social dominance orientation studies intending to explore the structure of the social dominance orientation scale in Bangladeshi manufacturing industries and if workers group has higher labels of social dominance orientation than managerial groups. The researcher found a significant difference between males and females on social dominance orientation at the workplace. Male showed a higher level of social dominance orientation than their female counterparts. Result also shows that members of disadvantaged groups (workers group) have high-level social dominance orientation. Workers group maintain oppression mainly by force and threat not by enjoying social supremacy but by strength and political orientation.
School Inspection Practices - Evidence from Secondary Schools in Western Uganda
Authors: Bagaya Jerry , Ezati Betty Akullu , Wafula Wycliffe Scot , Rasmussen Palle Damkjær
Published: February 2020

The study examined inspection practices in secondary schools in Western Uganda. Towards achieving this objective, a Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Methods Design, involving questionnaire survey and interview, with a total of 399 participants in the categories of teachers, head teachers, school inspectors from 36 secondary schools in four districts of Western Uganda, was adopted. Quantitative data to test the resultant hypothesis were analysed using Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test while qualitative data were analysed using Qualitative Content Analysis. The study revealed that inspection practices in secondary schools were perceived as largely ineffective. The study concluded that despite the value attached to school inspection in the theoretical, political, and institutional and policy debates, inspectors continue to think and act according to the traditional notions of school inspection as evidenced by practices hinged on control. The major implication of the study is that understanding the practices before, during and after school inspection will allow policy makers, inspectors, teachers and headteachers to design better practices and benefit from them. The study also proposes a theoretical model for effective school inspection that requires further research and measurement to determine its validity so that lessons can be learnt that can assist inspectors in the future.
Nitrogen mineralization of legume residues: interactions between species, temperature and placement in soil
Authors: Oliveira Miguel , Rebac Dragan , Coutinho João , Ferreira Luís , Trindade Henrique
Published: February 2020

Aim of study: To assess the interactive effects of legume species, residue placement and temperature on the net nitrogen (N) mineralization dynamics in a sandy loam soil.Area of study: Northern PortugalMaterial and methods: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) residues were incorporated or applied to the soil surface at typical field yields in Europe and incubated in aerobic conditions for up to 240 days, either at 10ºC or 20ºC. Initial chemical characteristics of the soil and residues were determined. Net N mineralization was estimated at eight time intervals.Main results: Cowpea residues caused no negative changes in soil mineral N contents and were able to release the equivalent of 21-45 kg N ha-1 in 240 days. Net N immobilization (up to 17 kg N ha-1) was observed throughout most of the trial in soil with faba bean and pea residues. Differences in mineralization patterns could be attributed to the higher quality (lower carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios) of cowpea. Surface placement increased net N mineralized by as much as 18 kg N ha-1. The sensitivity of N mineralization to changes in temperature and residue placement varied with legume species, likely due to effects associated with differences in C:N ratios.Research highlights: Adding cowpea residues to soil is suitable when high N availability is immediately required. Faba bean or pea residues are better suited for conservation of soil N for later release.
From Cautious Interaction to Mature Influence: China's Evolving Engagement with the International Investment Regime
Authors: Leutert Wendy , Haver Zachary
Published: February 2020

As the Belt and Road Initiative expands the global footprint of Chinese firms, Beijing increasingly relies on international law to protect investments overseas. How and why has China's engagement with the international investment regime evolved over the past four decades? This article
addresses these questions by examining the central component of the international investment regime: bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Through analyzing China's BIT practice and the security exceptions in 1,173 BITs concluded by both China as well as its treaty partners, this article provides
evidence of changing Chinese engagement, from cautious interaction (1978–1991) to active participation (1992–1997), committed implementation (1998–2012), and mature influence (2013–present). As Beijing accepted, applied, and shaped the rules and norms of the BIT system,
China's treaty practice co-evolved with the international investment regime. A co-evolutionary approach illuminates why—and how—state behaviour and international orders change over time.
Diversification Strategy and Stock Price Crash Risk：Evidence from China
Authors: Qi Jun , Diao Wenying
Published: February 2020

This study examines the impact of the corporate diversification strategy on the stock price crash risk. Using a large sample of Chinese A-share listed companies for the period 2003-2017, we find the stock price crash risk significantly increases when the operation strategy of a firm changes from a specialized operation to a diversified operation or the degree of diversified operations deepens. We also find that our results are stronger for non-state-owned listed firms, but not significant for state-owned firms. Furthermore, we find that the significant positive association between diversification and crash risk is more pronounced for firms with low external audit quality and low analyst coverage. Our study suggests that the diversification of operating strategy matter in determine stock price crash risk.
Analyzing the Cost and Returns of Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Asante Akim South in Ghana
Authors: Neizer Evans Kingley , Frimpong-Anin Kofi , Mintah Paul
Published: February 2020

Managing crop production as a business among smallholder farmers is a challenge. This farmers’ survey therefore assessed farm activities and their economic implications to smallholder farmers, with special reference on cocoa farmers, using structured questionnaire. Farmers and their household were found to be greatly involved in providing labour for all key farm activities such as weed management, pesticide application and harvesting. This labour was not priced by most farmers and therefore estimated expenditure on managing the farms were lower than actual cost incurred. Cocoa formed 75% of total landholdings with 3-4 acres and < 3acres being the modal farm size for cocoa and supplementary crops (vegetables, plantain, oil palm, cassava and maize) respectively. Although applying fertilizer to cocoa increased yield by over 144%, majority of the farmers did not consistently apply it due to purported high price. Vegetables were the only crop that fertilizer was consistently applied to, and even that it was below recommended rates. Yearly variable margin from cocoa treated with fertilizer was GHS 837 (US$ 190)/acre compared to GHS 548 (US$ 125)/acre of cocoa without fertilizer, thereby justifying the use of fertilizer. The annual variable margin from supplementary crops ranged GHS 162-274 (US$37-62)/acre/year, depending on the type of crop. Based on the statistical mode of 4-6 persons per household, 3-4 acres of cocoa and 0.5-2.5 acres of supplementary crops, the yearly returns of GHS 2,511-3,348 (US$ 570-761) from cocoa (with fertilizer) and GHS 81-685 (US$ 18.41-155.68) from supplementary crops was inadequate. Promoting other low capital input ventures like snail rearing, mushroom production and bee keeping will be of immense support to the farmer’s household.
Duidelijke taal: wat heb je eraan?
Authors: Cramwinckel T.A.
Published: February 2020

Duidelijke taal: wat heb je eraan? Over in voorlichting ‘vertaalde’ (belasting)wetgeving

Bij voorlichting aan burgers ‘vertaalt’ de Belastingdienst complexe belastingwetgeving naar begrijpelijke teksten voor burgers. Deze bijdrage behandelt een aantal praktische en fundamentele vragen die zich voordoen bij deze vertaalslag, zoals: wat is de juridische status van voorlichting? Welke ‘ingrepen’ zijn nodig in de vertaling? Is begrijpelijke taal alleen maar ‘goed’, of zijn er ook nadelen? Kunnen burgers rechten ontlenen aan ‘vertaalde’ belastingwetgeving? En wat betekent dat voor de belastingwetgever? Duidelijk wordt dat begrijpelijke taal nodig is, maar dat het juristen ook voor praktische en fundamentele vraagstukken stelt, waarbij burgers niet uit het oog mogen worden verloren.
Homo renovatur de die in diem: Transforming Selves and Communities
Authors: Engh Line Cecilie , Eriksen Stefka G. , Steen Francis F.
Published: February 2020

"This special issue of Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia (from now on Acta) interrogates religious practices of reading, writing, praying and engaging with texts, images, architecture, music, and ritual spaces in late antique Rome and medieval Europe. More specifically, it aims to analyze and deepen our understanding of how liturgy and religious practice modeled and modified selves and communities, how they shaped and transformed identities and built communities - both individual and collective, religious and lay".
 
On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.