bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miMic - a novel multi-layer statistical test for microbiome disease
Authors: Shtossel Oshrit , Louzoun Yoram
Published: November 2023

Differential abundance analysis is at the core of microbiome statistical analysis. However, microbial data presents three prominent challenges: The microbiome data is sparse and most species are absent from most samples. The microbial abundances vary across different scales. There are inner relations between different taxa, reflecting the taxonomic structure. A microbiome statistical test should handle these three challenges.

Here, we introduce miMic (Mann-Whitney iMage Microbiome), a straightforward yet remarkably versatile and scalable approach that effectively addresses compositional effects and inherent taxonomic relationships. miMic consists of three main steps: data preprocessing and translation to a cladogram of means, an apriori nested ANOVA to detect overall microbiome-condition (label) relations, and a post hoc miMic test along the cladogram trajectories.

We propose a novel metric for an unbiased comparison of methods in the case of missing ground truth and show that miMic drastically decreases the False positive rate while preserving the total positive rate. Using an analytical test case, simulations, and real-world examples, we demonstrate the accuracy of miMic compared to existing methods.
Commments on the docking of seagoing vessels and the certification of ship repair and maintenance work
Authors:   Greece Branch Office, Constanta Shipyard, Romania, GRETI E
Published: November 2023

Repair and maintenance (R&M) work of a ship involves all activities carried out, on board the ship or in the shipyard, in order to prevent and correct potential failures. In general, the terms of repair and maintenance of the ship are used together and involve the docking action of the ship for carrying out a standard maintenance routine, according to the requirements of the classification societies under whose supervision vessels are operated, at specified periods. Docking refers to the complex process of repair and maintenance of ships (on time and within the limits of the estimated budget based on the technical specifications of works) while stationed in the shipyard. The certification of the works is carried out, through concerted actions, both by the shipyard, as a contractor, as well as the owner / technical manager of the vessel, as beneficiary. The paper aims to emphasize some aspects of this process with a high degree of complexity, by schematizing, originally, the processes carried out.
Communication Skills in Engineering Higher Education with a Focus on Maritime English in MET
Authors:   Constanta Maritime University, SIRBU A
Published: November 2023

In order to prepare graduates to take on responsibility and leadership-oriented positions early in their careers, engineering curricula traditionally focus primarily on technical abilities. The selection of engineering science courses that make up most of these programs of study is consistently preparing graduates for the technical aspects of their field of study. As employers tend to hire graduates who do not require additional training, the eligibility of job candidates on the labour market is also strongly reliant on the range of soft skills attained such as foreign language competence, communication skills, appropriate mindset in teamwork, stress management, etc. Most universities throughout the world feature soft skill courses in their curricula, which are primarily targeted at building professional qualities. In the marine industry, the STCW convention’s Chapter III/I code specifies standards for a marine engineer’s operating competence. To be deemed competent, officers in command of an engineer’s watch in a manned engine room or a designated duty engineer in a periodically unmanned engine room must be qualified to “use English in written and oral form”. Therefore, instructors should focus on teaching specific terminology and communication skills as required by IMO standards and the international shipping industry in order to prepare high-quality seafarers in terms of maritime English. This paper aims to identify a method of incorporating communication skills and language proficiency into the engineering curriculum with a focus on Maritime English in MET.
Importance of the maritime industry, evolution and statistics
Authors:   Politehnica University, Bucharest, PARTENE G C
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to highlight what the maritime industry really means, as well as its contribution to the development of the global economy. In addition to the problems caused by COVID – 19, the maritime industry continues its struggle with other challenges, such as climate, economic, social changes, the new generation of industry 4.0 technologies, especially autonomous ships, which requires the maritime industry to be ready to accept these challenges as an opportunity rather than a threat. This paper will look at global shipbuilding situations, the biggest shipping companies, which countries have the most ships, where the ships are registered and which are the most famous merchant fleet recycling areas. The paper will also analyze the situation of the maritime industry, in recent years, regarding the transport of goods at the global, European and national level in order to have an overall perspective of the importance of the maritime industry as well as the statistics for each situation.
Aspects regarding certain technological parameters corresponding to thermal treatments applied to amorphous materials
Authors:   Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, CHIOIBAS A
Published: November 2023

Amorphous metals, which are produced in the form of strips, fibers, and wires, exhibit internal stresses in their structure, generated by the matrix-reinforcement interface. The study of load transfers that occur at the interface, as well as the adhesion between the two components, is influenced by the treatment of the reinforcing fibers or filler particles.. These will have a strong negative impact during operation. Since these materials are created to serve well-defined purposes, it is necessary that their structure be stable over time or present certain properties specific to the requirements, for which the application of thermal treatments is imposed. The synthesis of various studies from the specialized literature emphasizes that the purpose of these treatments is to induce specific magnetic properties.
A technical-economic analysis regarding the efficiency of a photovoltaic system with energy storage in accumulator batteries compared to injection into the national energy system
Authors:   ”Dunarea de Jos” University, NOVAC V
Published: November 2023

The introductory part of the article presents the regulatory framework from Romania and European Union regarding photovoltaic systems implementation. Then, the paper displays aspects of the on-grid and off-grid photovoltaic systems, their general arrangements, costs, advantages, and disadvantages. The article is concluded with a comparative efficiency study of the two systems. These photovoltaic systems can be easily adapted for use in the naval domain, and they fulfil the European Union's 'green deal' requirements related to emissions.
Investigation of electronic and optical properties of nano-Ag produced from heterocyclic compounds by green chemistry reactions
Authors: ÖZTÜRK KİRAZ Aslı , SULAK Mine , KARA Yeşim , KARA İzzet
Published: November 2023

The synthesis of nanoparticles using biological molecules has become one of the current research areas due to the high toxic content, poor stability, and expensive production technologies of nanoparticles synthesized by physical and chemical technologies. With the approach called green synthesis, nanoparticles that do not contain toxic substances have been produced in a method that does not harm the environment and human health. The number of polyphenol compounds in the ethyl alcohol/water extract of propolis collected from the Muğla-Türkiye region was determined. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles were carried out using the ethyl alcohol/water extract of propolis. The descriptions of the synthesized nanoparticles were made using ultraviolet-visible absorption and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction methods were used for morphological examinations. Which polyphenol compound in the propolis content is effective in the synthesis of nanosilver particles was investigated with a Gaussian 16 package program. The electronic properties of the compounds were obtained by density functional theory using boundary orbitals theory, molecular electrostatic surface potential, and nonlinear optical properties. Epigallocatechin gallate, Kaempferol, and Quercetin are effective in obtaining nano-Ag and can be used as organic optical material in technology.
Transformations of customer loyalty attitude in marketing: Key components of modern loyalty
Authors: Nikolajenko-Skarbalė Jelena , Viederytė-Žilienė Rasa
Published: November 2023

In the marketing landscape, there has been a noticeable shift from the well-established “customer retention” loyalty programs of the 2010s to the emerging trend of “customer attraction” programs in the 2020s. This study aims to investigate the underlying reasons behind these transformations and identify the key components shaping a contemporary customer’s loyalty towards brands. To accomplish this, an empirical research was undertaken, interviewing 129 representatives of the “EU-Conexus” network, which education and research institutions are located in Lithuania (i.e., Klaipeda University), Spain (i.e., Catholic University of Valencia), Croatia (i.e., University of Zadar), Romania (i.e., Technical University of Civil Engineering), Greece (i.e., Agricultural University of Athens) and France (i.e., La Rochelle Université). The study employed a quantitative methodology, using a standardised online questionnaire contained multiple-choice, single-choice 18 detailed closed questions. The collected research data were subsequently analysed using MS Excel software through the application of descriptive statistics data processing techniques. The findings of this study revealed that regular and annoying promotional material and “intricate” loyalty programs are usually irritating contemporary customers and can be a reason to leave a brand. Consequently, modern brands are encouraged to regularly rethink – re-evaluate and re-design – their loyalty marketing strategies to become relevant to customers’ needs. The study also highlighted the key components significantly influencing the loyalty of respondents: (i) high quality and responsibly priced goods and (or) services, (ii) well-organised customer service, (iii) a “rational” customer loyalty program, and (iv) an adequate number of promotional messages containing relevant content.
Acknowledgment The authors are sincerely thankful to the “EU-Conexus” community for their benevolent and active participation in the research implemented in frames of this study.
Prediction of maximum scour depth in river bends by the Stacking model
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Zhou Xiaoquan , Xiao Lirong , Huang Yuhang
Published: November 2023

The accurate prediction of maximum erosion depth in riverbeds is crucial for early protection of bank slopes. In this study, K-means clustering analysis was used for outlier identification and feature selection, resulting in Plan 1 with six influential features. Plan 2 included features selected by existing methods. Regression models were built using Support Vector Regression, Random Forest Regression (RF Regression), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting on sample data from Plan 1 and Plan 2. To enhance accuracy, a Stacking method with a feed-forward neural network was introduced as the meta-learner. Model performance was evaluated using root mean squared error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and R2 coefficients. The results demonstrate that the performance of the three models in Plan 1 outperformed that of Plan 2, with improvements in R2 values of 0.0025, 0.0423, and 0.0205, respectively. Among the three regression models in Plan 1, RF Regression performs the best with an R2 value of 0.9149 but still lower than the 0.9389 achieved by the Stacking fusion model. Compared to the existing formulas, the Stacking model exhibits superior predictive performance. This study verifies the effectiveness of combining clustering analysis, feature selection, and the Stacking method in predicting maximum scour depth in bends, providing a novel approach for bank protection design.
Vinasse processing by electrodialysis combined with nanofiltration: emphasis on process optimization and environmental sustainability
Authors: Duarte Franciele Plotasio , Silva Ana Flávia Rezende , Lange Lisete Celina , Amaral Míriam Cristina Santos , Neta Luzia Sergina de França , Moravia Wagner Guadagnin
Published: November 2023

Vinasse, due to its high organic load, low pH, high corrosivity, and high potassium levels, can cause salinization, acidification, loss of fertility, and leaching of constituents when applied to agricultural soils. In this context, electrodialysis (ED) was used to remove potassium from this effluent, to concentrate it in the cathode concentrate compartment. The cathode concentrate was subjected to nanofiltration (NF), allowing the electrolyte to be reconditioned and simultaneously generating a solution rich in potassium, making it an input for the fertilizer industry. The conditions of NF were optimized by the design of experiments. The optimal conditions obtained were 6 bar pressure, 1.8 L min−1 flow, and 1.6× feed dilution factor. Although the reconditioned electrolyte has been feasible, the raw vinasse (pre-ultrafiltered) was compared and proved to be a sustainable option. The NF permeate had a potassium concentration of 90% and magnesium of 84%, in addition to the annual reduction in magnesium sulfate demand (139,450,988 kg) and distilled water (5,019 m3). It was also possible to obtain an increase of approximately 400% in the rate of the application of vinasse in fertigation without compromising the needs of the plantation, the quality of the soil, and groundwater.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Reddy Yogesh N. V.
Published: November 2023

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is now the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and the diagnosis of HFpEF should be considered in any patient with a preserved left ventricular systolic function being evaluated for PH. Accurately diagnosing HFpEF as compared with pulmonary arterial hypertension has critical treatment implications, given the vastly different treatment options available, and can be accurately guided using exercise right heart catheterization. In this review, the diagnostic approach and treatment implications of PH in patients at risk for HFpEF will be discussed.
Hydrochemical and isotopic tools to evaluate the groundwater role in the hydrological functioning of a Pampean lake, Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Authors: Glok-Galli Melisa , Colasurdo Viviana , Martínez Daniel E. , Grosman Fabián , Quiroz Londoño Orlando M. , Sanzano Pablo
Published: November 2023

Waters from the fractured-karstic and detritic (Pampeano) aquifers, and from surface water bodies are closely interacting in the Tapalqué Creek Upper Basin (CSAT for its acronym in Spanish), southeast of the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina. The La Barrancosa lake, endorheic and of socio-economic and cultural relevance, is located in this basin headwater. Within the framework of an integrated vision of these water resources, the main objective of this work is to know this lake’s water origin, as well as to identify and explain the processes involved in its interaction with the Pampeano aquifer. Hydrochemical and isotopic (δ2H and δ18O) tools were jointly used, with special emphasis on the ionic ratios study and the hydrochemical modelling. The rainwater evaporation during infiltration into aquifers and the dissolution/weathering of the geological materials rich in Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ present in the study area, are the main processes that determine the composition of waters in the recharge zones. The dissolution of Na+-rich minerals and the cationic exchange are of relevance toward the plain zone. This last process and the concentration by evaporation control the composition of the La Barrancosa lake waters (effluent). These conclusions are validated by the δ2H, δ18O and d values characteristic of the CSAT waters and can be extrapolated to other basins developed in similarenvironments.
Pregnancy in Women on Dialysis: Success Stories from a Tertiary Care Hospital
in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mohan Dhanya , Al Jagoub Heba Rami , Al Subbah Hamzeh Abdallah , Alalawi Fakhriya , Al Rukhaimi Mona , Alhadari Amna
Published: November 2023

Background::

Pregnancy is rare in women with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, this scenario has changed in recent years with considerable
improvement and successful outcomes in pregnant women with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. The understanding of the principles related to
pregnant dialysis patients, combined with a multidisciplinary approach to case management, has resulted in many success stories, and today,
pregnancy for young women with ESRD is more plausible and far safer than ever before.

Case Presentation::

We present a series of three women who conceived while on dialysis and delivered successfully. These women were managed with increasing
dialysis frequency and developing a clinical protocol early on, with a multidisciplinary approach and close collaboration with obstetricians. Our
case series is unique as one of the women had three successful deliveries while on dialysis, and one of them had a positive outcome with twin
pregnancies while on dialysis.

Conclusion::

Successful outcomes in these high-risk pregnancies while on dialysis suggest that with meticulous care and a multidisciplinary approach,
conception and successful deliveries are plausible in women who receive dialysis.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism and Extra Skeletal Calcification in End Stage
Kidney Disease Patients: Case-series and Literature Review
Authors: Majdi Alahbabi Sanaa , Ahmed Alshehhi Meera , Almeqdad Alkaabi Rawdha , Alalawi Fakhriya , Alhadari Amna
Published: November 2023

Background::

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is a well-known complication of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), resulting from a loss of functional renal
tissue with subsequent alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism reflects severe parathyroid hyperplasia with
autonomous excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) that is no longer responsive to the concentration of plasma calcium and leads to
abnormal bone remodelling, soft tissue calcifications, vasculopathy, and other systemic complications.

Case Presentation::

The authors, hereby, highlight varied presentations of tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) by presenting 3 interesting cases, describing their
clinical course and outcomes. Through sharing these experiences and insights, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of THPT and its
optimal management in patients with ESKD.

Conclusion::

THPT can have a significant impact on patient health and quality of life. Despite the widespread use of interventions, such as vitamin D analogues,
calcimimetics and parathyroidectomy, THPT remains a significant clinical challenge for patients with ESKD.
JNK2 Promotes Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via
Inhibiting Axin2
Authors: Wang Lulu , Guo Meng , Gao Li , Liu Kai , Bai Jiawei , Liu Zhiguo
Published: November 2023

Introduction::

The dysregulation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has been increasingly
reported in human malignancies. Aberrant expression of the JNK pathway has also been implicated in
the progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). However, the specific role and regulatory
mechanisms of JNK2 in ESCC have not been extensively investigated.

Methods:

In this study, we examined JNK2 expression in patient samples and performed experiments involving
the knockdown and inhibition of the JNK2 in ESCC cell lines.

Results:

Higher JNK2 expression was observed in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. JNK2 overexpression
was associated with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition
of JNK2 in ESCC cell lines resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusion::

Additionally, a significant decrease in the expression of β-catenin and vimentin, along with an increase
in the expression of Axin2, was observed upon downregulation of JNK2. Our study provides insight into
the role of JNK2 in ESCC and its potential regulatory mechanism, offering a potential therapeutic strategy
for ESCC patients with aberrant JNK2 expression.
Curcumin Reduces Hypoxia/Reperfusion Injury of Cardiomyocytes by
Stimulating Vascular Endothelial Cells to Secrete FGF2
Authors: Cui Jian-kun , Fan Mingming , Wang Qinwen
Published: November 2023

Objective::

Endothelial cells (ECs) can provide cell protection for cardiomyocytes
(CMs) under hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) conditions by secreting derived factors. This study
aimed to explore the role of curcumin (CUR) in ECs for protecting CMs from HR injury.

Methods::

A co-culture system for ECs and CMs was set up, and subjected to HR. The transcription,
expression, and secretion of FGF2 were detected by RT-qPCR, western blot, and
ELISA, respectively. siRNAs specifically targeting FGF2 were transfected into ECs. FGF2 receptor-
specific inhibitors (AZD4547) were used to treat CMs.

Results::

The co-culture with ECs did not affect the proliferation of CMs, while CUR and ECs
co-culture had a synergistic effect on promoting the proliferation of CMs in HR. Furthermore,
the co-culture with ECs did not affect the apoptosis and autophagy of CMs in HR. However, the
co-culture of ECs after CUR treatment inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy of CMs in HR.
CUR treatment significantly enhanced FGF2 mRNA, protein, and secretion levels of ECs in
HR. In addition, CUR treatment increased FGF2 levels in the CMs medium in the ECs and
CMs co-culture system. The reduction of FGF2 levels in the medium and the inhibition of
FGF2 receptors significantly inhibited the proliferation of CMs and significantly promoted the
apoptosis and autophagy of CMs in HR.

Conclusion::

Focusing on the protective effects of CUR and ECs on cardiomyocytes is of great
significance for the treatment of clinical myocardial HR injury.
Shikonin Suppresses Cell Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer Associated
with the Inhibition of c-Myc and Yap-1
Authors: Zhang Fei , Chu Mingliang , Liu Jiemin , Zhao Qi , Zhu Yanqiu , Wu Xuefang
Published: November 2023

aims:

To explore the potential roles and mechanisms of shikonin in gastric cancer by network pharmacology and biological experiments.

background:

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. Although the survival rate of gastric cancer has improved worldwide for many years, it is difficult to treat due to its high tumor recurrence and easy resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.Recently studies showed that traditional Chinese medicine Shikonin had anti-cancer effects with their unique advantages of high efficiency and small side effect.

objective:

To study the potential roles and mechanisms of shikonin in gastric cancer by network pharmacology and biological experiments.

method:

The key genes and targets of shikonin in gastric cancer were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking study. The effect of shikonin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells was detected by the CCK8 method, Wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression levels of c-Myc and Yap-1 protein in gastric cancer cells after shikonin intervention were detected by western blotting.

result:

The study of network pharmacology found that the key target genes of shikonin on gastric cancer cells were c-Myc, Yap-1, AKT1,etc. GO and KEGG analysis showed regulation of cell migration, proliferation, adhesion and other biological processes; PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, necroptosis and other cancer pathways. Molecular docking showed that shikonin was most closely combined with protooncogene c-Myc and Yap-1. In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation rate, migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cell group decreased significantly after shikonin intervention for 24h, and it was concentration-dependent. The expression levels of c-Myc and Yap-1 in gastric cancer cells were significantly decreased after shikonin intervention.

conclusion:

This study showed that protooncogene c-Myc and Yap-1 were the core target genes of shikonin on gastric cancer cells. Shikonin may suppress gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the protooncogene c-Myc and Yap-1. It suggested shikonin maybe a good candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Pan-cancer Analysis Combined with Experiments Deciphers PHB Regulation for Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Predicts Biomarker Function
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Li Yue , Liu Jiali , Lu Wei , Liu Sanyuan , Li Jing , He Qian
Published: November 2023

Background:

Breast carcinoma has become the leading fatal disease among women.
The location of prohibitin in the chromosome is close to the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1
(BRCA1). Accumulated research reported that prohibitin could interact with a variety of transcription
factors and cell cycle-regulating proteins.

Objective:

This present study aims to comprehensively explore and reveal the biological functions
of prohibitin on breast cancer via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validation experiment
in vitro.

Methods:

Exploring the expression level of prohibitin across 27 tumors based on the TGGA database
by bioinformatic methods and its relationship with tumor immune infiltration. Furthermore,
we thus analyzed the biological roles of prohibitin on human breast cancer cell line MCF-
7 with pEGFP-prohibitin overexpression plasmid by western blotting and transwell-assay.

Results:

Firstly, we found prohibitin is overexpressed in most tumors based on The Cancer Genome
Atlas database, and the negative relationships between prohibitin and tumors infiltrating
lymphocytes including B lymphocyte, CD4 T lymphocyte, CD8 T lymphocyte, Neutrophil, Macrophage
and Dendritic, and its significant correlation with the prognosis of human cancer. In
vitro, expression not only inhibited cell viability and invasive abilities but also increased the
apoptosis percentage of cells with a decreased percentage of the S phase and an increased G2
phase. The reduction of Bcl-2 was observed when prohibitin was upregulated, although the expression
of E2F-1 did not change.

Conclusion:

Although prohibitin is over-expressed in various cancer types, it functions as an
important tumor suppressor that may suppress breast cancer cell proliferation and the invasive
ability of MCF-7 by influencing its DNA synthesis and promoting cell apoptosis. All these may
be likely associated with P53, erbB-2, and Bcl-2.
Testosterone with Silymarin Improves Diabetes-obesity Comorbidity
Complications by Modulating Inflammatory Responses and CYP7A1/ACC
Gene Expressions in Rats
Authors: Zhu Dongli , Du Yuanyuan , Zhu Lili , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Hussein-Al-Ali Samer Hasan , Wang Qinhu
Published: November 2023

Background::

The co-morbidity of DMOB has become increasingly problematic
among the world's population because of a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle. DMOB is
associated with lower testosterone (TN) levels, the male sex hormone. The phytochemical compound
silymarin (SN) exerts antidiabetic activity by modifying β-cells and anti-obesity activity
by inhibiting adipogenesis by methylxanthine.

Aim::

The goal of this study was to find out how well testosterone (TN) with silymarin (SN) protects
against oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of the experimental rats with type 2
diabetes (T2D) and obesity (DMOB).

Objectives::

The present study evaluates the efficacy of TN and SN combination (TNSN) on the
levels of the potential parameters, such as body mass, serum marker enzymes, fasting glucose
levels, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, proinflammatory
cytokines, gene expression pathways, and histopathology in a DMOB comorbidity rat model.

Methods::

Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks with an
administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) i.p. injection (30 mg/kg) on the 9th week
of the study. The procedure was to develop the DMOB co-morbidity model in the experimental
animals. Co-treatment of TN and SN administration were followed throughout the experiment.
Rats were sacrificed after overnight fasting to collect serum and liver tissue samples. Samples
were analyzed using a clinical chemistry automated analyzer, spectrophotometry, and quantitative
real-time PCR (qPCR) methods and protocols.

Results::

Analyses of body mass changes, serum marker enzymes, fasting glucose levels, HbA1c
levels, lipid profiles, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin,
CYP7A1, ACC expression pathways, and histopathology showed significant abnormal levels (P
≤ 0.05) in the pathological group. These were efficiently treated to normal by the administration
of TNSN.

Conclusion::

These results concluded that TNSN exerted protective efficacy against the liver
abnormalities in the co-morbidity of the DMOB rat model.
N-Heterocycle based Degraders (PROTACs) Manifesting Anticancer
Efficacy: Recent Advances
Authors: Banerjee Suddhasatwa , Sharma Sachin , Thakur Amandeep , Sachdeva Ritika , Sharma Ram , Nepali Kunal , Liou Jing Ping
Published: November 2023

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a promising
strategy for the treatment of undruggable therapeutic targets. Researchers have invested a great effort
in developing druggable PROTACs; however, the problems associated with PROTACs, including
poor solubility, metabolic stability, cell permeability, and pharmacokinetic profile, restrict
their clinical utility. Thus, there is a pressing need to expand the size of the armory of PROTACs
which will escalate the chances of pinpointing new PROTACs with optimum pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodynamics properties. N- heterocycle is a class of organic frameworks that have been
widely explored to construct new and novel PROTACs. This review provides an overview of recent
efforts of medicinal chemists to develop N-heterocycle-based PROTACs as effective cancer
therapeutics. Specifically, the recent endeavors centred on the discovery of PROTACs have been
delved into various classes based on the E3 ligase they target (MDM2, IAP, CRBN, and other E3
ligases). Mechanistic insights revealed during the biological assessment of recently furnished Nheterocyclic-
based PROTACs constructed via the utilization of ligands for various E3 ligases
have been discussed.
Targeted Delivery Strategies of Herbal-Based Nanogels: Advancements
and Applications
Authors: Mishra Sudhanshu , Jayronia Sonali , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Kohli Kanchan
Published: November 2023

The objective of this review is to thoroughly investigate herbal nano gels as a promising
drug delivery approach for the management of various chronic and acute disorders. Herbal
nano gels are a novel and promising drug delivery technique, offering special benefits for better
therapeutic efficacy. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the herbal nano gels with a
particular emphasis on their evaluation concerning conventional dosage forms, polymer selection
criteria, drug release mechanisms, and applications. The comparison study demonstrates that herbal
nano gels have different benefits over conventional dose forms. In the areas of oral administration
for improved bioavailability and targeted delivery to the gastrointestinal tract, topical drug delivery
for dermatological conditions, and targeted delivery strategies for the site-specific treatment
of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and infections, they demonstrate encouraging results in transdermal
drug delivery for systemic absorption. A promising platform for improved medication delivery
and therapeutic effectiveness is provided by herbal nanogels. Understanding drug release
mechanisms further contributes to the controlled and sustained delivery of herbal therapeutics.
Some of the patents are discussed and the comparative analysis showcases their superiority over
conventional dosage forms, and the polymer selection criteria ensure the design of efficient and optimized
formulations. Herbal-based nano gels have become a potential approach for improving
drug administration. They provide several advantages such as better stability, targeted delivery,
and controlled release of therapeutic components. Herbal nano gels are a promising therapeutic approach
with the ability to combat a wide range of conditions like cancer, wound healing and also
improve patient compliance.
Does “Moringa Miracle” Happen to You Ever?
Authors: Sattar Tabinda
Published: November 2023

This is a short discussion about an opinion on the limitless benefits of a miraculous
tree, scientifically called ‘Moringa oleifera’. This article aimed to collect all the latest informational research about the tree whose every part is full of nutrients. This paper highlights all the
possible ingredients present in moringa, its uses for every part of the human body, and its usefulness against certain important diseases. Intake of moringa, its benefits, and the prevention of
some major diseases after using it, have been precisely discussed in this piece of research.
Consistency of Radiological Grading of Cervical Foraminal Stenosis
Authors: Meacock James , Smedley Alex , Sinha Priyank , Igra Mark , Macmullen-Price Jeremy , Jayne David , Stocken Deborah , Currie Stuart , Thomson Simon
Published: November 2023

Background::

The degree of cervical foraminal stenosis on MRI scans may be measured and categorised using the Kim or modified Kim methods. These grading
scales have not previously been validated in a cohort of patients awaiting surgery.

Objectives::

To establish the normal foraminal and root diameters as well as the consistency of inter and intra-rater grading using the Kim and modified Kim
grading systems in pre-operative surgical patients.

Methods::

Asymptomatic cervical nerve roots and foramina demonstrated on the pre-operative MRI scans of adult surgical patients with cervical
radiculopathy were measured and categorised by six raters using the Kim and modified Kim grading methods. Repeat “second pass” measurements
were made by the same assessors on the same images a minimum of one month later.

Results::

Foraminal diameters (mm) in asymptomatic foramina were C2/C3 (mean±SD): 4.18±1.44, C3/C4 2.96±1.23, C4/C5 3.02±1.19, C5/C6 3.15±1.33,
C6/C7 3.53±1.36, C7/T1 3.93±1.34. Nerve root diameters were C3 3.11±0.87, C4 2.95±0.77, C5 2.56±0.73, C6 2.26±0.76, C7 2.56±0.82, C8
3.83±0.86.

Inter-rater consistency was kappa [95% CI]: Kim 0.01 [0.00, 0.03], modified Kim 0.08 [0.05, 0.10]. Intra-rater consistency was kappa [95% CI]:
Kim 0.81 [0.77, 0.86], modified Kim 0.69 [0.62, 0.76].

Conclusion::

There was poor inter-rater consistency but good intra-rater consistency when assessing the severity of foraminal stenosis on axial T2 MRI scans.
Foraminal diameter was narrowest at C3/C4 and C4/C5, whereas the smallest root diameter was C5/C6. Volumetric or oblique MR may improve
consistency.
4D-QSAR and MIA-QSAR Studies of Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives as
Fourth-generation EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Jia Xuegong , Wei Chaochun , Tian Nana , Yan Hong , Wang Hongjun
Published: November 2023

Background::

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein has been intensively
studied as a therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aminobenzimidazole
derivatives as the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors have achieved promising results and overcame
EGFR mutations at C797S, del19 and T790M in NSCLC.

Objective::

In order to understand the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of aminobenzimidazole
derivatives as EGFRdel19 T790M C797S inhibitors, the four-dimensional QSAR
(4D-QSAR) and multivariate image analysis (MIA-QSAR) have been performed on the data of 45
known aminobenzimidazole derivatives.

Methods::

The 4D-QSAR descriptors were acquired by calculating the association energies between
probes and aligned conformational ensemble profiles (CEP), and the regression models were established
by partial least squares (PLS). In order to further understand and verify the 4D-QSAR model,
MIA-QSAR was constructed by using chemical structure pictures to generate descriptors and PLS
regression. Furthermore, the molecular docking and averaged noncovalent interactions (aNCI)
analysis were also performed to further understand the interactions between ligands and the EGFR
targets, which was in good agreement with the 4D-QSAR model.

Results::

The established 4D-QSAR and MIA-QSAR models have strong stability and good external
prediction ability.

Conclusion::

These results will provide theoretical guidance for the research and development of
aminobenzimidazole derivatives as new EGFRdel19 T790M C797S inhibitors.
Study on Separation Mechanism of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine in
Borax Buffer by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Jinqiu , Gong Yinhua , Huang Rongrong , Cai Liangliang , Ma Xiaofei
Published: November 2023

Background:

In borax buffer, ephedrine (EPH) and pseudoephedrine (PSE) can be well
separated (Rs>10) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) without adding any other compounds, but the
specific mechanism remains unclear.

Methods:

Titration analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, mass spectrum analysis and
molecular modeling were used to investigate the separation mechanism.

Results:

Tetrahydroxy borate (a hydrolyzate of borax or boric acid) could react with ephedrine and
pseudoephedrine to form self-assembled complexes, but the two complexes had different stabilities
and electrophoretic mobilities resulting from the different steric configurations of analytes.

Conclusion:

The complexation based on borax was responsible for the separation.
Cancer Patients' Attitudes Towards the Anti-Covid-19 Vaccine: A
Collective Case Study
Authors: Mirandola Mara , Andreis Federica , Deori Chiara , Abdel Kader Sonia , Wedenissow Anna Chiara , Malighetti Clelia , Meriggi Fausto , Zaniboni Alberto
Published: November 2023

Aim::

The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients’ attitudes
toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine.

Background::

Historically, the scientific community’s responsibility was to investigate attitudes
about vaccination. The course of COVID-19 in cancer patients makes them a high priority for
vaccination. Cancer patients are at greater risk of serious complications and death because of
COVID-19 infection.

Objective::

The purpose of the present study was to determine cancer patients’ attitudes toward
the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. We examined several constructs that potentially influenced cancer
patients' perceptions of the vaccine: health status, knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccination,
cancer patients' perceptions of vulnerability, and attitudes toward general vaccines.

Methods::

We conducted a collective case study with 200 cancer patients undergoing treatment,
and divided the sample into two groups: patients who “expected to heal” (Group A) and patients
who “expected to chronicize” (Group B). Data were collected through a purpose-built
questionnaire consisting of 22 questions and a study of medical records.

Results::

Data analysis showed that both groups, Group A (M= 3.89 SD= 0.64) and Group B
(M= 3.98 SD= 0.64), had a favorable attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. This favorable
attitude toward the anti-COVID-19 vaccine depended on several factors: perception of
vulnerability to COVID-19, perception of the severity of their oncological situation, and
communication with oncologists.

Conclusion::

Our study highlighted the plurality of factors that influence attitudes toward the
anti-COVID-19 vaccine. It is theref+ore of fundamental importance to increase the use of the
shared decision-making approach (SDM) to guide the patient to an informed choice.
Tumor-associated Macrophages Mediate Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer
through HGF/c-met Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tang Xiali , Chen Yu , Jiao Demin , Liu Xiang , Chen Jun , Liu Yongyang , Jiang Chunyan , Chen Qingyong
Published: November 2023

Background::

The biological behavior of cells changes after they develop drug resistance, and the degree
of resistance will be affected by the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of
M2 macrophages on gefitinib resistance.

Methods:

We polarized THP-1 cells into M0 and M2 macrophages, and conducted various experiments to investigate
the effects of M2 macrophages on gefitinib resistance in lung cancer.

Results:

We found that M2 macrophages promote gefitinib resistance in HCC827 and PC9 cells. In addition, we
used ELISA to measure the secretion level of HGF. HGF secretion levels were significantly increased in M2 macrophages.
Exogenous HGF remarkably increased the proliferation and invasion in HCC827 and PC9 cells. However,
the addition of anti-HGF antibodies abolished the proliferation and invasion of both HCC827 and PC9 cells
promoted by M2 macrophages. Furthermore, M2 macrophages or exogenous HGF significantly increased the
expression of p-met and p-ERK in HCC827 and PC9 cells, while anti-HGF antibodies diminished the expression
of p-met and p-ERK by neutralizing HGF in M2 macrophages.

Conclusion::

Our results revealed that M2 macrophages promote gefitinib resistance by activating ERK and
HGF/c-met signaling pathways in HCC827 and PC9 cells. Our findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for
gefitinib resistance in lung cancer.
Antitumoral Potential of Artepillin C, a Compound Derived from Brazilian Propolis,
against Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: de Freitas Meirelles Lyvia Eloiza , de Assis Carvalho Analine Rosa Barquez , Ferreira Damke Gabrielle Marconi Zago , Souza Raquel Pantarotto , Damke Edilson , de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça Patrícia , de Oliveira Dembogurski Djaceli Sampaio , da Silva Denise Brentan , Consolaro Marcia Edilaine Lopes , da Silva Vania Ramos Sela
Published: November 2023

Background::

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with
limited treatment options. Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the main constituents of
Brazilian propolis presenting different activities, including antitumoral effects against various types of cancer.

Objective::

We evaluated the antitumoral potential and mechanisms of action of artepillin C against two distinct
human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, to explore a new therapeutic candidate.

Methods::

Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and the long-term cytotoxicity was performed by clonogenic
assay. The morphological changes were observed by light microscopy, analysis of cell death pathway by Annexin
V FITC/propidium iodide (PI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by colorimetry, DNA fragmentation by agarose gel
and senescence by β-galactosidase. Detection of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescence microscopy
and determination of mitochondrial transmembrane potential by flow cytometry were also performed.

Results::

Artepillin C presented a strong and dose-time-dependent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231
cell lines, with cytotoxicity more evident in MCF-7. In both cancer cell lines, the clonogenic potential was significantly
reduced and the morphology of the cells was changed. The treatment also induced death by necrosis and
late apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and induced cell senescence in MCF-7. Also, artepillin C increased
total ROS in both cancer cells and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion::

Artepillin C presented antitumoral potential in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, and
MDA-MB-231, suggesting a new promising option for the treatment and/or chemopreventive strategy for breast
cancer.
Association of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms with Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Patients with Primary Bone Tumors
Authors: Ao Man , Xu Kun , Pan Yujun , Wang Shuping , Fu Guoquan
Published: November 2023

Background::

Timely identification and intervention of psychological disorders bear
significant import in ameliorating the ensuing therapeutic trajectories in primary bone tumor
patients. Moreover, perturbations in thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
have been linked to manifestations of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. However, the
precise interplay governing the nexus of anxiety, depression, and the levels of thyroxine and
TSH within the context of primary bone tumor patients remains presently unexplored.

Objective::

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential correlation between the hypothalamus-
pituitary-thyroxine (HPT) axis and the depressive as well as anxious states observed
in patients afflicted with bone tumors.

Methods::

Patients with primary bone tumors were required to accept the assessments of anxiety
and depressive symptoms as well as thyroid axis hormone concentrations. The depressive and
anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the
Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score. During each follow-up, peripheral venous blood samples
were collected for subsequent analysis using radioimmunoassay methods to measure serum-
free T3, free T4, and TSH levels, with the calculated free T3 to free T4 ratio indicating peripheral
free T4 to free T3 conversion. Tests for trend were conducted to assess thyroid axis
hormone concentrations, HAMA scores, and HAMD scores, while the correlation between
HAMA or HAMD scores and thyroid axis hormone concentrations was examined through univariate
regression analyses.

Results::

The study included 30 primary bone tumor patients. Initial high HAMA and HAMD
scores decreased over a year after surgery (P < 0.05), reflecting diminishing anxiety and depression.
TSH levels reduced postoperatively, contrasting with increased free-T3 and free-T4 levels
(p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis affirmed that positive correlations were noted between TSH
and anxiety/depression scores, while free-T3 correlated negatively, adjusted for demographic
factors (p < 0.05). No significant associations emerged between HAMA/HAMD scores and
free-T4 or free-T3 to free-T4 ratio (p > 0.05).

Conclusion::

The early identification of the low T3 syndrome could prove instrumental in both
intervening and preventing adverse emotional states associated with primary bone tumors.