bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Ligand Properties of PNacPNac Stabilized Group 13 Carbenoids Towards Small Molecule Activation: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Phukan Ashwini K. , Ahmed Sahtaz , Sarkar Deeptangshu
Published: February 2025

Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to design skeletally substituted PNacPNac stabilized Al(I)/Ga(I) carbenoids to probe their ligand properties and reactivity towards the activation of small molecules like NH3, PH3 and H2. All the proposed systems are found to have a considerably stable singlet ground state. The activation barriers associated with the cleavage of N–H, P–H and H–H bonds for all the proposed PNacPNac stabilized Al(I)/Ga(I) systems are found to be either lower or comparable to that of the experimentally evaluated systems.
Photochemical Oxidative Cleavage and Dihydroxylation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Using Triplet Nitroarenes
Authors: Błyszczyk Piotr T. , Leonori Daniele
Published: February 2025

The widespread use of bio‐derived lipids as renewable feedstock chemicals requires their synthetic modification for downstream applications. Herein, we demonstrate the use of nitroarenes as photo‐responsive oxidants for the synthesis of aldehydes and 1,2‐diols from unsaturated fatty acids. This approach addresses the conventional use of hazardous and toxic reagents such as ozone (O3) and osmium tetroxide (OsO4). The successful employment of stable and nontoxic nitroarenes in oxidation chemistry is demonstrated on a series of industrially relevant fatty acids including carboxylic acids and their methyl ester equivalents producing oxygen‐enriched substrates.
Analysis of numerous economic and financial barriers using the fuzzy DEMATEL method in the reverse supply chain to implement PV waste handling
Authors: Yadav Dinesh , Saraf Amit Kumar
Published: February 2025

In the future, the management and disposal of waste from solar panels will pose increasing challenges for the sustainable provision of renewable energy. The recovery and recycling of PV waste have the potential to stimulate a nation's economy. Numerous obstacles impede the implementation of reverse supply chain PV waste management in India. The primary challenge faced by RSC management in establishing a circular economy is the financial burden. This study primarily focuses on the application of the fuzzy DEMATEL approach to assess and investigate the impact of financial and economic barriers in the reverse supply chain utilized for PV waste management in India. A review of the literature identified five barriers: insufficient investment in research and development (R&D) due to financial and economic constraints, lack of recycling incentives, limited realized economic profits, inadequate investment in PV waste recycling, and high initial cost of adopting RSCM. The results indicated that compared to other barriers, the high initial cost of implementing RSCM exerts a greater influence.
Open Science in Qualitative Evaluation: Considerations and Opportunities
Authors: Steltenpohl Crystal N. , Standiford Reyes Laurel , Pei Mary A. , Lee Lindsay Ellis
Published: February 2025

This article discusses how open science principles—often rooted in quantitative epistemologies—and qualitative evaluation practices can complement each other and explores strategies for evaluators and researchers to consider adopting in their practices. Although the qualitative and quantitative approaches to knowledge creation may be perceived as being in conflict, many practices and values can be viewed as different expressions of the shared goals of rigor and transparency. We describe practices like data, process, and outcome sharing as activities that already align with open science values and encourage evaluators to consider practices like preregistration, registered reports, and replication as possible areas for evaluators to expand into. We also encourage evaluators to contribute to conversations about transparency, community engagement, evaluating effectiveness, and avoiding harm. A flexible, additive approach to evaluation and research projects can allow all parties to draw on each other's strengths for more rigorous, comprehensive, transparent, and community‐centered work. Finally, we suggest a few starting places for evaluators who are interested in incorporating open science practices and researchers who are interested in conducting qualitative evaluations.
Crossing the Boundaries of Conflict: Analyzing Epidemiology & Outcomes of Afghan Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients at a Pakistani Cancer Hospital
Authors: Haider Hasnain , Kanwal Muhammad Awais , Ali Muhammad Mohaymin , Khanum Afshan , Khalid Shayan , Malik Kashif Iqbal , Hussain Syed Raza , Faisal Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background

This study investigates oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Afghan patients treated at a Pakistani cancer center, focusing on epidemiology, tumor characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare challenges faced by patients from conflict‐affected regions.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of Afghan OSCC patients (2010–2023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated, with survival outcomes analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results

Of the 117 patients, 47.1% had risk factors, predominantly smokeless tobacco use (61.8%). Tumors were common in oral subsites, especially the tongue (47.86%), with advanced‐stage disease (Stage IV) in 34.2%. Mean overall survival was 56.29 months, and mean disease‐free survival was 45.54 months. The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 57.7% and 56.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

The study highlights a high prevalence of advanced OSCC, underscoring the need for early detection, public health initiatives, and enhanced cancer care in Afghanistan. International collaboration is essential to improve healthcare access and reduce regional healthcare burdens.
Polyamine depletion limits progression of acute leukaemia
Authors: Gao Weiman , Karsa Mawar , Xiao Lin , Spurling Dayna , Karsa Ayu , Ronca Emma , Bongers Angelika , Guo Xinyi , Mayoh Chelsea , Azfar Mujahid , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Tanaka Katsunori , Cheung Laurence C. , Kotecha Rishi S. , Lock Richard B. , Burns Mark R. , Vangheluwe Peter , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , Somers Klaartje
Published: February 2025

Cancer cells are addicted to polyamines, polycations essential for cellular function. While dual targeting of cellular polyamine biosynthesis and polyamine uptake is under clinical investigation in solid cancers, preclinical and clinical studies into its potential in haematological malignancies are lacking. Here we investigated the preclinical efficacy of polyamine depletion in acute leukaemia. The polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) inhibited growth of a molecularly diverse panel of acute leukaemia cell lines, while non‐malignant cells were unaffected. Responsiveness to DFMO was linked to decreased levels of its molecular target, the rate‐limiting polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ODC1, and of the polyamine transporters ATP13A2 and ATP13A3. DFMO increased polyamine uptake and upregulated expression of polyamine transporters in acute leukaemia cells, a compensatory effect abolished by treatment with the polyamine transport inhibitor AMXT 1501. This drug, currently in a phase 1 clinical trial in solid tumours in combination with DFMO, potentiated the inhibitory effects of DFMO, and their combination synergistically inhibited the growth of acute leukaemia cell lines by inducing apoptosis. DFMO and AMXT 1501 limited disease progression in highly aggressive xenograft models of infant KMT2A‐rearranged leukaemia, even when treatment was initiated at high disease burden. Increased expression of c‐MYC was associated with enhanced sensitivity to the combination of DFMO and AMXT 1501, suggesting this oncoprotein as a potential predictive marker of response to the drug combination. In conclusion, targeting polyamine biosynthesis and polyamine uptake limits disease progression in models of acute leukaemia, supporting further preclinical and clinical investigation into this approach for acute leukaemia.
Community Efforts to Support LGBTQ+ Youth Mental Health: Programs Objectives, Development, and Delivery
Authors: Fish Jessica N. , Paceley Megan S. , Evans Spencer , Kosi‐Huber Jacob A. J. , Phillips Danielle R. , Levine Deborah S.
Published: February 2025

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth face disparities in mental health and substance use. LGBTQ+ community‐based organizations (CBOs) offer resources that may combat stress and mental health concerns; however, limited research has examined their programs or practices. We explored the facets of youth mental health services offered by LGBTQ+ CBOs in the US. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff at 16 LGBTQ+ CBOs in the US. Findings revealed four overarching themes. Mental health program objectives and characteristics included four sub‐themes: counseling and therapy, safe spaces and community, case management, and education. Factors influencing the development of LGBTQ+ mental health programs included two sub‐themes: program creation and youth influence. Factors influencing the delivery of LGBTQ+ youth mental health programs included four sub‐themes: program planning and coordination, inclusive and intersectional processes, training and curriculum resources, and capacity‐building resources. Implications for LGBTQ+ CBOs are discussed.
Shear Wave Elastography of the Achilles Tendon in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Ozturk Mesut , Onar Mustafa Arda , Polat Cafer , Kilic Kan Elif , Polat Ahmet Veysel
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the thickness and stiffness of the Achilles tendon in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and compare these findings with those of healthy individuals.

Methods

Bilateral Achilles tendons of 28 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 28 healthy controls were evaluated using ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Tendon thickness was measured with gray‐scale US, while stiffness was assessed using SWE, expressed as shear wave velocity (SWV) in meters per second. US and SWE findings were statistically compared between the two groups.

Results

The mean Achilles tendon thickness in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (right Achilles: 5.07 ± 0.84 mm, left Achilles: 5.16 ± 0.79 mm) did not differ significantly from that in healthy controls (right Achilles: 5.01 ± 0.50 mm, left Achilles: 4.96 ± 0.44 mm; p = 0.757 and p = 0.237 respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was observed in tendon SWV between patients (right: 8.00 ± 1.01 m/s, left: 7.85 ± 1.16 m/s) and controls (right: 7.71 ± 0.95 m/s, left: 7.36 ± 0.97 m/s; p = 0.270 and p = 0.089). Additionally, no correlation was found between serum parathyroid hormone or calcium levels and tendon stiffness (p = 0.889–p = 0.902).

Conclusion

Primary hyperparathyroidism does not appear to influence the thickness or stiffness of the Achilles tendon when compared to healthy individuals.
“Histological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Kidney and Adrenal Gland in Nile Monitor Lizards (Varanus niloticus)”
Authors: Mokhtar Doaa M. , Abdel‐Ghani Mohammed A. , Khalaf Mohammed Abdelsabour , Alkhodair Khalid M. , Abdelhafez Enas A.
Published: February 2025

This study provides a detailed histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the kidney and adrenal gland in Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor lizard), highlighting their structural features and adaptive mechanisms. Ten adult female Nile monitors were collected from Qena Province, Egypt, and their kidneys and adrenal glands were examined. Kidney tissues were processed for histological analysis, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of key markers, including vimentin, E‐cadherin, CK7, and NSE. In contrast to other reptiles, the kidney was divided into the cortex and medulla and contained a loop of Henle. The cortex contains renal corpuscles and nephron tubules, while the medulla primarily comprises collecting ducts. The proximal tubules were lined with acidophilic cuboidal cells, whereas the distal tubules exhibited pale cuboidal cells with fewer microvilli. Immunohistochemistry revealed vimentin expression in podocytes and a few renal tubule epithelial cells, while E‐cadherin was expressed in the distal tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting ducts. NSE was strongly expressed in the renal corpuscles and macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, as well as in the peripolar cells, but was absent in the proximal tubules. CK7 was predominantly expressed in the distal tubules and collecting ducts. The adrenal glands comprise steroidogenic and chromaffin cells associated with the posterior cardinal veins of the kidney. NSE was strongly expressed in chromaffin cells, while vimentin was detected in steroidogenic cells. E‐cadherin and CK7 are not expressed in the adrenal tissues. These findings provide insights into the structural and functional adaptations of the kidney and adrenal glands in Nile monitors, offering a foundation for future research into the comparative anatomy and functional ecology of reptilian excretory and endocrine systems.
Etiology and Clinical Features of Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study From 2016 to 2024
Authors: Meng Xiangchen , Peng Jiafei , Wei Hongtao
Published: February 2025

Aims

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a rare progressive biliary disease. We aimed to analyze the underlying causes, treatment approaches, and prognosis of SSC in order to enhance awareness of this disease.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with SSC in a single tertiary center in China between October 2016 and March 2024, focusing on the etiology, treatment modalities, and follow‐up outcomes. Clinical outcomes were compared to patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis during the same period.

Results

A total of 21 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 42 (interquartile range 34, 57). The primary causes of SSC included surgical injury (seven cases, 33.3%) and drug‐induction (six cases, 28.6%). Eight patients (38.1%) underwent ERCP, six patients (28.6%) received PTCD, and two patients (9.5%) underwent choledochoscopic bile duct dilation or stone extraction.Median follow‐up time was 13 (interquartile range 10, 35) months, during which five patients (23.8%) died and five patients (23.8%) underwent liver transplants.Comparison of patients who received biliary decompression interventions and patients who did not revealed no significant difference in prognosis (p = 0.45). The median time of transplant‐free survival was 35 months in the SSC group compared with 67 months in the PSC group. A trend toward a worse prognosis was observed in SSC compared to PSC (p = 0.13).

Conclusions

SSC is a complex disease with varied etiologies and poor prognosis, particularly when caused by bile duct surgical trauma. Bile duct decompression like ERCP does not offer long‐term survival benefits. SSC exhibited a trend towards a less favorable prognosis compared to PSC.
Characterizing HIV seroconversions among a cohort of oral PrEP users in South Africa
Authors: Martin Catherine E. , Ramatsoma Hlologelo , Chidumwa Glory , Cox Laura Ashleigh , Mullick Saiqa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

There has been significant progress in the rollout of oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV. The introduction of long‐acting prevention methods holds the potential to improve HIV prevention uptake and use, however, presents unique complexities regarding HIV diagnosis and potential for resistance. Quantifying and understanding the scenarios within which seroconversions occur may help to inform approaches to identifying acute HIV in programmes delivering PrEP at scale.

Methods

This paper documents ctra series of seroconversions within a large implementation study conducted in eight Department of Health facilities and four linked mobile clinics in four areas of South Africa. Using routinely collected data, we conducted a descriptive analysis of clients who seroconverted after initiating oral PrEP and determined the distribution of time from oral PrEP initiation to seroconversion as well as the proportion of days covered by oral PrEP. A seroconversion was defined as any HIV‐positive diagnosis after initiation of PrEP. Time to seroconversion was calculated as the number of days between the first PrEP initiation and the date of HIV diagnosis. The proportion of days covered by PrEP was calculated as the number of days of PrEP prescribed over the number of days between PrEP initiation and HIV seroconversion. We conducted a logistic regression to determine factors associated with seroconversion.

Results

Of the 11,882 clients initiated on PrEP between January 2019 and October 2022 who attended at least one follow‐up visit, 112 (0.9%) seroconverted after PrEP initiation. Among those who seroconverted, the median proportion of days covered by PrEP between initiation and seroconversion was 33%. In the period between PrEP initiation and seroconversion, almost all (n = 93, 83.0%) had not used PrEP consistently, with only 19 (17.0%) having consistent PrEP use, all of whom were identified at the 1‐month follow‐up visit and were likely missed acute acquisitions. Younger age and geographical area were associated with seroconversion.

Conclusions

This study reports a low number of seroconversions among a large cohort of PrEP users in a real‐world implementation study, the majority of which occurred among clients who had interrupted or discontinued PrEP use.
“Trafficking Disorders: Phenotypical Similarities and Differences With Other IMDs”
Authors: García‐Cazorla Ángeles , Morava Eva , Saudubray Jean‐Marie
Published: February 2025

Cell trafficking disorders (CTD) are genetic defects in complex molecules and correspond to the largest category of IEM with mutations in more than 370 genes described. They are still poorly recognized as a global entity but rather seen as isolated rare diseases by non‐metabolic specialists. Complex lipid metabolism (mostly phospholipids, sphingolipids, and non‐mitochondrial fatty acids) is tightly associated with cell trafficking and interactions between organelles at the membrane contact sites. Accordingly, from a clinical point of view CTD presents with multisystem manifestations that may overlap and mimic mitochondrial and other complex molecule disorders such as peroxisomal, lysosomal defects, CDG, or autophagy disorders. The nervous system is especially vulnerable and neurological presentations are prominent, but CTD targets any organ at any age. Interestingly the involvement of the immune system is particularly characteristic of CTD and rarely (or at least little described so far) in other categories of IEM. Most CTD are progressive disorders, except for CDG. They may have “metabolic crises” mimicking disorders of intermediary and energy metabolism for which emergency protocols have been developed. They are generally diagnosed by exome sequencing. Relatively few biomarkers are available.
Morphological Investigation of Superficial Fascia Relationships With the Skin and Underlying Tissues in the Canine Hindlimb
Authors: Al‐Juhaishi Oday A. , Akbar Zeeshan , Ismail Saad M. Y. , Georgy Smitha Rose , Murray Christina M. , Davies Helen M. S.
Published: February 2025

The morphology of the superficial fascia in the canine hindlimb is still poorly understood and incompletely described. The present study aimed to elucidate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the superficial fascia, thereby clarifying its functional role. Cadavers were investigated for anatomic description (N = 38), ultrasonic scanning (N = 2), and histological analyses (N = 10) of this tissue in the hindlimb. The superficial fascia was identified as a shiny, white fibroelastic layer that adhered to the skin through fibrous septa. It was organized into sublayers enveloping the cutaneous muscle and large blood vessels. In certain areas, superficial fascia fused with the deep fascia or skin, creating fascial bursae. These bursae included the ischiatic bursa, an iliac bursa, a prepatellar subfascial bursa, a prepatellar subcutaneous bursa, and the tarsal fascial bursa. Microscopically, the superficial fascia presented as a layer of dense connective tissue characterized by irregularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial fascia was firmly attached to the skin and deep fascia by numerous fibrous tissue strands. Within both, the superficial fascia and fascial bursae, several mechanoreceptors and nerve endings were identified, including Ruffini's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Golgi‐Mazzoni corpuscles. The organization of the superficial fascia and its attachments suggest a mechanical role in supporting structures and resisting loads during movement. The fibrous septa anchors fascia to the skin, providing stability and resistance against external forces, as well as protecting the nerves and blood vessels that pass towards the skin. Existing fascial bursae probably assist in decreasing pressure and facilitating freedom of movement adjacent to bony prominences. Elasticity and connectivity of the superficial fascia may explain the various responses to multidirectional loading. Furthermore, the presence of free nerve endings and mechanoreceptors within the fascia suggests that it may contribute to proprioception of the hindlimb, enhancing the awareness of body movement.
Effectiveness of Low‐Intensity Exercise in Mitigating Active Arthritis Exacerbation in a Mouse Rheumatoid‐Arthritis Model
Authors: Ozone Kaichi , Kumagai Tatsunori , Arakawa Kohei , Sugasawa Takehito , Gu Wenchao , Kawabata Sora , Shimada Naoki , Takahashi Haruna , Yoneno Moe , Minegishi Yuki , Takahata Kei , Sato Michiaki , Oka Yuichiro , Kanemura Naohiko
Published: February 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis, reducing the quality of life of affected individuals through joint swelling and inflammation. Recently, the efficacy of exercise therapy has been proposed for rheumatoid arthritis, but its detailed mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we used a mouse model of human rheumatoid‐arthritis pathology to investigate the effects of low‐intensity exercise on active arthritis. Twenty‐four SKG mice were divided into three groups: “sedentary,” “AR” (induced arthritis), and “AREx” (induced arthritis plus low‐intensity exercise), with only the AREx group performing treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. During the rearing period, macroscopic arthritis scores were assessed weekly, and histological and bone morphometric analysis of the ankle joints was performed after all interventions. In addition, bulk mRNA sequencing was performed for the synovial‐fat pad complex. Consequently, the histological synovitis score showed no change; however, the arthritis score was significantly lower in the AREx group than in the AR group (p < 0.05). The calcaneal and talar bone volumes decreased in the AR group, whereas the AREx group showed no significant change. In the synovial‐fat pad complex tissue, the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines decreased in the AREx group compared with the AR group, particularly the suppression of IL6/Jak/Stat3. IHC analysis revealed significantly decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the synovium of the AREx group compared with the AR group (p < 0.05). In summary, low‐intensity exercise therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis was suggested to have anti‐inflammatory effects and to mitigate arthritis exacerbation.
Ecological responses of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot to Holocene climate change: Insights from the Lagoa Canto Grande pollen record, Espirito Santo, coastal Brazil
Authors: Buso Antonio Alvaro , Pessenda Luiz Carlos Ruiz , Mayle Francis Edward , Lorente Flávio Lima , de Oliveira Paulo Eduardo , Cohen Marcelo Cancela Lisboa , França Marlon Carlos , de Souza Magalhães Evandro Augusto , Bendassolli José Albertino , de Oliveira Fabiana Monteiro , Siqueira Geovane Souza
Published: February 2025

This study presents the modern pollen signature and Holocene vegetation and climate history of the evergreen forest and associated ecosystems in the Bahia Coastal Forest ecoregion of Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Artificial pollen traps provided the modern pollen signature of the evergreen forest, which is marked by Urticaceae/Moraceae, Simarouba, Crepidospermum/Protium, Sloanea, Sapotaceae and Diploon, and presence of rare forest tree pollen types. The pollen signature of the wooded mussununga, an associated ecosystem, is characterized by Byrsonima, Doliocarpus, Lundia and Araliaceae. Fossil pollen from Lagoa Canto Grande shows that the early to middle Holocene (11 154–7731 cal a 
bp) vegetation was characterized by regional dominance of semi‐deciduous forest, under a less humid and cooler climate than today, as well as coastal vegetation on sandy soils (restinga), mangrove and patches of alluvial forests. Relative sea‐level rise during the middle Holocene caused regional changes in the distribution of alluvial forests, restingas and mangroves. A change to warmer and more humid climatic conditions during the middle to late Holocene (7731–434 cal a 
bp) led to forest community changes, with the establishment of the modern evergreen forest.
Evaluation of surface, foam, emulsion, and clouding properties of a family of nonionic surfactants from oleic acid derivatives
Authors: Ogunjobi Joseph K. , Omoruyi Osaretin E.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the properties, namely: surface tension, foam, emulsion, and cloud point of a library of bio‐based surfactants (represented as CnEOm where C is hydrophobic carbon chain and EO is ethylene oxide). The surfactants were derived from ring‐opening alkyl oleate epoxides with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and monomethyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) of varying chain lengths. Surfactants demonstrated good surface properties having surface tension at critical micelle concentration (CMC) between 35 and 38 mN/m, and recorded CMC values far lower than what was reported for most commercial ethoxylated surfactants. Foamability increased with over 30% foam increase upon increasing agitation speed from 6000 to 11,000 rpm. Branching, hydrophobic carbon chain length, and PEG chain length were seen to impact foamability and foam stability. Foam properties exhibited by the surfactants were found to be superior to those demonstrated by some known commercial nonionic surfactants. Emulsions formed by the oleate ester surfactants were stable over several weeks after formation. Surfactants showed high cloud points, which increased with increasing number of ethylene oxide units. However, the addition of co‐solutes depressed the cloud point in the order Na2SO4 > NaCl > NaNO2.
Experimental research on depth perception of comfortable interactions in virtual reality
Authors: Guo Mei , Gao Haolin , Liu Yue , Song Weitao , Yang Songyue , Wang Yongtian
Published: February 2025

Virtual reality (VR) displays aim to create highly immersive virtual environments based on the principle of binocular disparity, which reproduces spatial information of virtual scenes through the fusion processing of binocular disparity by the visual system. However, due to the differences between VR displays and real‐world scenes, the challenge of rendering in VR displays in a manner that aligns with users' natural depth perception principles has not been fully addressed. In this paper, the virtual image distances (VIDs) of RGB channels in head‐mounted display (HMD) were measured and a depth perception experiment based on random dot stereograms (RDS) according to the measured VID values was designed. The depth perception comfort fusion thresholds in VR systems were determined by psychophysical methods, and the results demonstrate that the comfort fusion threshold for uncrossed disparity is significantly lower than that for crossed disparity. Additionally, user interaction performance in the determined virtual depth scenarios showed a 12.94% reduction in reaction time and a 16.86% improvement in accuracy compared to other virtual depths. Our findings provide further understanding of comfortable depth visual presentation in VR displays, which is crucial for enhancing user experience and promoting the widespread adoption of VR technology across various applications.
Linking pathological narcissism to posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Authors: Nenninger Sterling , Van Buren Brian R. , Greene Ashley L. , Meehan Kevin B.
Published: February 2025

Combat deployments are stressful life events that confer risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Typically, PTSD is conceptualized as being caused by traumatic experiences, leading research to focus predominantly on events while excluding other contributors, such as personality features. Narcissism may contribute to the deleterious effects of trauma exposure because of vulnerabilities in the sense of self, as demonstrated in research on narcissism and the development and maintenance of PTSD in civilians. However, the strength of the association between pathological narcissism features and PTSD has yet to be examined in a veteran sample. The present study sought to address this gap by comparing how narcissism contributes to variance in PTSD symptoms relative to the contribution of combat experience. In a sample of veterans deployed in support of recent operations in Afghanistan and Iraq (N = 179), regression analysis showed that higher pathological narcissism features accounted for variance beyond combat experience alone in PTSD symptoms, ∆R2 = .13, p < .001. When dimensions of narcissism were examined as separate predictors of PTSD, vulnerable, β = .45, p < .001, but not grandiose, β = −.09, p = .293, features had a significant effect on PTSD. Our results align with recent work demonstrating that personality pathology is an important factor in the study of PTSD in veterans. Further research incorporating a larger variety of variables related to personality functioning, personality traits, and life events is needed to understand the role of pathological narcissism features in the development of PTSD.
Simultaneously Improving Soil AMF Community and Phosphorus Uptake by Cotton Plants by Continuous Straw Incorporation and Optimizing Phosphorus Management
Authors: Cao Nan , Zha Li , Li Qiang , Hu Wei , Pang Jiayin , Zhou Zhiguo , Zhao Wenqing , Meng Yali
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus (P) fertilization and straw incorporation are essential agricultural practices, both of which have an influence on the abundance and diversity of the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community. However, there are still research gaps on the interactive effects of P fertilizer application and straw incorporation on indigenous AMF in coastal saline–alkali land. Thus, this study aimed to assess several mycorrhizal features, the abundance, and the community composition of soil AMF in a field after a 4‐year barley–cotton rotation. We also explored the roles of AMF play in enhancing cotton P uptake. The field was treated with five triple superphosphate levels (0, 22, 44, 66, and 88 kg ha−1) and subjected to either straw incorporation or removal. The total P content of cotton increased with straw incorporation and increasing P application rates; however, the percentage of P partitioned to bolls, the boll capacity of the root system (BCR), and the boll loading of the root system (BLR) exhibited a trend of initially increasing followed by a decrease. The highest value was achieved when straw incorporation was combined with 44 kg P ha−1. Besides, the root colonization by AMF, soil AMF abundance, and spore density were highest at 22 kg P ha−1 without straw and 44 kg P ha−1 in the straw incorporation treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the observed community shift was primarily driven by the enhancement of rhizosphere soil pH and organic matter following straw incorporation. Overall, these findings showed that straw incorporation coupled with moderate P fertilizer created a favorable rhizosphere soil environment, which, in turn, enhanced rhizosphere soil AMF diversity and abundance, thereby improving cotton root production capacity and facilitating P distribution to reproductive organs. Our results suggested that the threshold of P fertilizer input can provide a basis for saving P fertilizer and effectively maintain agricultural ecosystems' AMF diversity and abundance in coastal saline–alkali land.
Resolving acoustic azimuth using an accelerometer‐based underwater acoustic vector sensor
Authors: Zhang Guosong , Dong Hefeng , Cresci Alessandro , Browman Howard I. , Pedersen Geir
Published: February 2025

The performance of a single commercial accelerometer‐based underwater acoustic vector sensor (AVS) in resolving acoustic azimuth was evaluated. The method involves calculating the active intensity of an acoustic signal to determine the dominant directionality of an acoustic pressure field as a function of time and frequency. While this method efficiently displays azimuth bearings for specific frequencies, there are very few assessments of its performance in resolving all possible bearings using a single AVS. Field experiments were conducted with an AVS placed on the sea bottom and an active source suspended from a research vessel. A 600 Hz signal was transmitted from 16 positions covering a 360° azimuth to the AVS. During the transmissions, the vessel maintained its position and heading by using a dynamic positioning system. The acoustic azimuths were compared with the transmission bearings obtained via Global Positioning System. This study demonstrates that a commercial AVS system can effectively resolve acoustic bearings across a full 360° azimuth at high signal‐to‐noise ratios using the active intensity method. Our results support the use of AVS systems in research on sound directionality, including bioacoustics studies on how marine organisms respond to natural underwater sound and anthropogenic noise.
A Comprehensive Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Film Incorporated with Gallic Acid and Potassium Sorbate
Authors: Kumar P Ajay , V R Rahul , Manikandan Arul , Divakaran Nidhin , Kumar Manoj , Pugazhenthi G. , Pakshirajan Kannan
Published: February 2025

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has gained attention as an excellent packaging material due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability, low interaction with food matrices, and favorable mechanical properties. This study explores the development of PHB films incorporated with potassium sorbate (KS) and gallic acid (GA) via solvent casting, followed by a 30‐day biodegradation test in soil. The films are analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties using X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and disk diffusion assays. The soil‐buried PHB films demonstrate accelerated biodegradation, likely driven by increased microbial and fungal activity, as well as moisture absorption. Incorporating KS and GA significantly enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of the films against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, with greater inhibition observed against S. aureus. This difference may stem from the additional lipopolysaccharide membrane in E. coli. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the films, both pre‐ and post‐biodegradation, provides further insights into their structural changes. These findings underscore the potential of PHB antimicrobial films in advancing sustainable food packaging applications.
Phenolic Resins with Semi‐Rigid Polymer Backbones Exhibiting LCST‐Type Phase Separations in the Mixtures of Alcohols and Non‐Polar Solvents
Authors: Inaba Natsuki , Takasu Koki , Matsuoka Keitaro , Sada Kazuki
Published: February 2025

Research on lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type thermo‐responsive polymers has predominantly focused on those with flexible backbones, such as vinyl polymers, while rigid polymers have rarely been investigated due to their low solubility. Although some molecular designs for aqueous systems have been reported, molecular designs in organic media remain unclear due to the difficulty in achieving soluble states at low temperatures. The previous study demonstrates the molecular design for LCST‐type phase separation in organic media based on the control of the solvation through the construction/deconstruction of hydrogen bonds, but only flexible vinyl polymers such as poly(4‐hydroxystyrene) are investigated. In this study, it is aimed to extend the molecular design to rigid phenolic resins, TD‐2131 and KA‐1160, which contain phenolic groups in the main chain. TD‐2131 and KA‐1160 exhibited LCST‐type phase separation in the mixture of 1‐alcohol such as 1‐hexanol and 1‐octanol as hydrogen‐bonding solvents and toluene or cyclohexane as non‐polar solvents in appropriate mixing molar ratios. In mixtures of 1‐alcohols and non‐polar solvents, shorter‐chain 1‐alcohols necessitate higher molar ratios, while longer‐chain 1‐alcohols require lower ratios to induce LCST‐type phase separations. These solubility trends mirror that observed in poly(4‐hydroxystyrene), suggesting that the molecular design applies to both flexible and rigid polymer backbones.
A Systematic Review of Meta‐Analysis in Marketing Research: Theme Analyses, Variable Selections, and Future Directions
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Wumei , Wang Manxin , Wang Lu
Published: February 2025

Although meta‐analytic papers have frequently appeared in the leading marketing journals in recent years, these papers focus on introducing the step‐by‐step guidelines of using the meta‐analysis method. To the best of our knowledge, no research systematically elaborates on how researchers select different types of variables in their conceptual framework. In addition, limited research analyzes which research themes are studied and deserve more attention. The lack of these analyses inhibits marketing scholars from conducting interesting and impactful meta‐analyses. Thus, this paper systematically reviews 180 meta‐analytic articles published in 36 leading marketing‐related journals (i.e., ranking ABS Grade 3 or above) between 2015 and 2024. Based on this review, this paper (1) elaborates on which themes and topics are suitable for meta‐analyses through analyzing the research themes and theme evolution trends of the existing meta‐analytic papers; (2) offers suggestions for study numbers and effect‐ size extraction of a meta‐analysis in marketing; (3) offers guidelines for variable selection; and (4) proposes future directions of meta‐analyses in marketing. This paper has the potential to stimulate more marketing researchers to conduct interesting and influential meta‐analyses.
Oxygen‐Tolerant ATRP Depolymerization Enabled by an External Radical Source
Authors: Mountaki Stella Afroditi , Whitfield Richard , Anastasaki Athina
Published: February 2025

Although the chemical recycling of polymers synthesized by controlled radical polymerization enables the recovery of pristine monomer at low temperatures, it operates efficiently under strictly anaerobic conditions. Instead, oxygen‐tolerant depolymerizations are scarce, and are either restricted to the use of a boiling co‐solvent or are performed in closed vessels, often suffering from low conversions. Here, an open‐vessel, oxygen‐tolerant depolymerization of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)‐synthesized polymers is introduced, leading to high percentages of monomer regeneration (>90% depolymerization efficiency). Dissolved oxygen is eliminated by either utilizing high catalyst loadings, or lower catalyst loadings combined with a radical initiator. Notably, the methodology is compatible with various solvents (i.e., anisole, 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene (TCB), 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), etc.) and a range of commercially available ligands including tris 2‐(dimethylamino)ethylamine (Me6TREN) and tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA), as well as more inexpensive alternatives such as tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) and N,N,N‘,N‘‘,N‘‘‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA).
Polymeric Nanofibers via Green Electrospinning for Safe Food Engineering
Authors: Wang Weiqiang , Yang Xingjian , Yin Hongyi , Lu Yi , Dou Hailong , Liu Yanan , Yu Deng‐Guang
Published: February 2025

Electrospun functional nanofibers enable controlled release of the loaded active ingredient and an adjustable dissolution rate. However, the widespread use of toxic organic solvents in electrospinning poses risks to human health and the environment whereas increasing production costs and complexity. This article examines the application of eco‐friendly electrospinning technologies in food engineering, with a focus on water‐based and melt electrospinning methods. It provides a detailed analysis of water‐soluble biopolymers and synthetic polymers, highlighting their current applications and challenges in food engineering. Water‐based electrospinning is proposed as a sustainable alternative, offering scalability and reduced environmental impact. This transition is essential for advancing food engineering toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible practices.
Generalized Mixed Morrey Spaces
Authors: Yu Hongli , Sun Wenchang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce the generalized mixed Morrey spaces. We show that a generalized mixed Morrey space is the dual of a generalized mixed Hardy space. For a large class of generalized fractional integral operators, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for such operators to be bounded from one generalized mixed Morrey space to another. Moreover, we also prove the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator and the generalized fractional maximal operator on such spaces.
Design Method of Power Chip Terminations With Lower Cost, Lower Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, and Broader Bandwidth
Authors: Peng Hao , Xue Na , Qi Ziyan , Chen Lifeng , Chen Jiming , Liu Yu , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Yang Tao , Pan Jiadong , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we deeply explore a design method for power chip terminations with low‐cost, low VSWR and broadband performance. Through a comprehensive investigation of existing power chip terminations, the electromagnetic leakage significantly impacts its performance. To address these issues, an electromagnetic constraint boundary has been introduced to enhance its VSWR. Considering the high cost of the gold plating process on the sides of chemical vapor deposition diamond substrates, an independent electromagnetic constraint metal carrier with a concave shape is proposed. TaN thin film is employed as the terminal matching load. Simulation results reveal that the VSWR of different substrates (ceramic and diamond substrates) are very similar. Consequently, this work presents a design, simulation, and measurement of a power chip termination applied to a ceramic substrate. Measurement results demonstrate that the VSWR is less than 1.5 over a frequency range of DC to 43.5 GHz, significantly outperforming existing commercial power chip terminations. In addition, the fluctuation of VSWR across the broadband operating frequencies has been discussed in detail.
Macro‐ and Microscopic Mechanisms of Soil Arching Evolution Under the Impact of Noncentered Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Xiao , Su Dong , Chen Xiang‐Sheng , Lin Xing‐Tao , Xiong Hao , Zhang De‐Jin
Published: February 2025

Further investigation into the progression of soil arching under the impact of noncentered tunnel is warranted. This study addresses this need by examining trapdoor models with varying vertical and horizontal spacings between the tunnel and the trapdoor through the discrete element method. The numerical model underwent calibration utilizing data from previous experiments. The results indicated that the soil arching ratio under the impact of noncentered tunnel exhibits four distinct stages: initial soil arching, maximum soil arching, load recovery, and ultimate stage, aligning with observations unaffected by tunnel presence. The minimal disparity in stress ratio within the stationary region was observed when the vertical spacing between the tunnel and the trapdoor ranges between 150 and 200 mm. Moreover, the disturbed area on the left part of the trapdoor extended significantly beyond the trapdoor width, with notably higher disturbance height compared to the right side. When the tunnel deviated from the centerline of the trapdoor, the stress enhancement on the right side was considerably greater compared to the left. Additionally, the displacement of the trapdoor resulted in a reduction of contact force anisotropy in the soil on the side more distant from the tunnel, while increasing it on the side closer to the tunnel.
Green Synthesis of Nano‐Sized Metal Oxides (Ag2O, CuO, ZnO, MgO, CaO, and TiO2) Using Plant Extract for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: Disha Sanjana Afrin , Sahadat Hossain Md. , Habib Md. Lawshan , Ahmed Samina
Published: February 2025

The demand for green synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials is increasing tremendously to achieve sustainable development goals and for a clean environment. Simultaneously, metal oxides hold significant importance across various fields, such as catalysis, semiconductors, ceramics, photocatalysis, sensors, medicine, and energy storage, and so forth. The green synthesis process eliminates the use of toxic chemicals in the synthesis process. Different natural solvents (plant extracts) are widely utilized to synthesize metal oxides while maintaining a green environment. The extensively used plant extracts are Lawsonia inermis, Centella asiatica, Azadirachta indica, Moringa olifera, Papaya leaves, Paeonia emodi, Pavetta indica, Cyathea nilgiriensis, Callistemon lanceoletus, Rhaamnus virgata, Daphena alpina, Zephyranthes rosea, Common hops, Gloriosa superba, Thymus vulgaris, Ixoro coccinea, Cassia auriculata, Lanata camara, and so forth, for green synthesis of Ag2O, CuO, ZnO, MgO, CaO, and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis process and the reaction parameters are very crucial for tuning the properties of nanomaterials. In this review, the synthesis process using plant extract is explored along with the reaction parameter's effects on the morphology of the final product. And Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was evaluated for the metal oxides to show the importance of FTIR in inorganic compound analysis.
Why Democratization and Decentralization in Indonesia Have Mixed Results on the Ground: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hidayat Andi Rahmat , Hospes Otto , Termeer C. J. A. M.
Published: February 2025

Indonesia has been subject to democratization and decentralization since Suharto's resignation in 1998. Whilst these two institutional reforms have attracted the attention of many scholars, no one has provided an overview explaining their mixed results. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic review of democratization and decentralization literature in Indonesia, exploring how democratization and decentralization relate and identifying moderators (constraining or supporting contextual factors) of the effects of the two institutional reforms. Our first finding is that the actual processes of democratization and decentralization may undermine each other. Our second finding is that clientelistic informal state institutions together with capture by old predatory elites in the context of legal fragmentation negatively affect outcomes of democratization and decentralization processes, whereas citizen collective action and reform‐oriented leadership positively affect them. Based on our findings, we present an advanced framework and three lessons for future studies on democratization and decentralization.