bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titanium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminoalkylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Thye Hermann , Fornfeist Felix , Doye Sven , Geik Dennis , Schlüschen Levi L. , Schmidtmann Marc
Published: June 2023

Terminal alkynes undergo intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions with secondary amines in the presence of titanium catalysts and depending on the catalyst and the structure of the substrates, allylic amines and/or imines are formed as products in moderate yields. In addition, the desired allylamines can also be obtained from a convenient reaction sequence consisting of an initial hydroaminoalkylation of trimethylsilyl-protected alkynes and a subsequent protodesilylation that selectively delivers γ-unsubstituted allylamines.
Effective Risk Assessment for Distal Radius Fractures: A Rigorous Multivariable Regression Analysis, Using a Novel 8-Item Modified Frailty Index
Authors: Momtaz David , Ghali Abdullah , Ahmad Farhan , Gonuguntla Rishi , Kotzur Travis , Wang Rebecca J. , Ghilzai Umar , Abbas Adam , Wu Chia
Published: June 2023

Introduction Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are among the most common orthopaedic injuries. The prevalence of DRFs is increasing across all age groups but remains the second most common fracture in the elderly. The modified frailty index (MFI) often predicts morbidity and mortality in orthopaedic injuries. This study aims to determine the predictive value of MFI on complication rates following DRF and the patient length of stay and discharge outcomes.

Methods We utilized our MFI to perform a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Results In a total of 22,313 patients, the average age was 46 ± 16. An increase in MFI led to an increase in the odds ratio of readmission and reoperation (p < 0.001). MFI predicted complications, doubling the rate as the score increased from 1 to 2 (p < 0.001). An MFI of 2 also led to a delayed hospital stay of 5 days (p < 0.001), as well as an increase in the odds of patients not being sent home at discharge (p < 0.001). Finally, life-threatening complications were also predicted with an increased MFI, the odds of a life-threatening complication increasing 488.20 times at an MFI of 3 (p < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusion While surgical decision-making for frail patients with DRFs remains contentious, this novel 8-item MFI score was significantly associated with the probability of hospital readmission/reoperation, postoperative complications, and delayed hospital length of stay. Three new parameters were incorporated into our 8-item score compared with the conventional 5; hypoalbuminemia status (< 3.5 mg/dL), previous diagnosis of osteoporosis, and severe obesity (body mass index > 35) enhancing its sensitivity. Future studies are warranted for its prospective utility in ruling out postsurgical comorbidity.
Transapical Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation with the Tendyne Valve: The Swiss Experience
Authors: Nucera Maria , Miazza Jules , Praz Fabien , Kaiser Christoph , Siepe Matthias , Reineke David , Reuthebuch Oliver
Published: June 2023

Background The aim of this study was to report outcomes of all patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve implantation with the Tendyne Mitral Valve System (Tendyne) in Switzerland.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed preoperative echocardiographic and computed tomography (CT) data, procedural findings, and 30-day and 1-year follow-up echocardiographic and clinical data of patients who underwent transcatheter mitral valve implantation with Tendyne in Switzerland.

Results A total of 24 patients (age, 74.8 ± 7.8 years; 67% male) underwent transapical transcatheter mitral valve implantation with Tendyne between June 2020 and October 2022. Technical success rate was 96%. In five patients, concomitant interventions in the form of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (one patient), minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (one patient), and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (three patients) were performed prior to or after the index procedure. There was one device embolization, and two patients required valve retrieval. In-hospital outcomes included one stroke and three major bleeding events. None of the patients died within 30 days. Two patients were rehospitalized for decompensated heart failure. At 1-year follow-up, there were three noncardiovascular-related deaths.

Conclusion Transcatheter mitral valve implantation with Tendyne is feasible to treat polymorbid patients suffering from complex mitral valve disease as well as patients with previous mitral interventions. Perioperative risk was acceptable and procedural success high.
3D printed rheometer drastically reduces instrument costs
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2023

An open-source design allows accurate rheometers to be made at home for a fraction of the cost of a traditional instrument.
Carcinogenic dioxane detection using pristine and metal-doped 2D VSe2: Insights from density functional theory simulations
Authors: Pallikkara Chandrasekharan Sreejith , Lakshmy Seetha , Joseph Saju , Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: June 2023

Dioxane (diethylene oxide) is a synthetic organic compound classified as heterocyclic ether, a potentially carcinogenic water toxicant. Prolonged exposure can cause eye irritation, carcinogenic liver reactions, and other severe issues. Therefore, efficient dioxane detectors are needed to be designed and developed. Inspired by the recent developments of 2D materials in biosensing, in this work, the dioxane detection potentiality of pristine and metal-doped (Al, Au, and Ag) 2D VSe2 have been systematically examined using Density Functional Theory (DFT) based simulations. Among all the metallic dopants considered, Al binds energetically on the VSe2 surface with an energy of −2.158 eV. The adsorption of dioxane was studied by considering the electronic properties, adsorption energy, orbital interactions, and charge transfer. Our DFT calculation suggests that dioxane adsorption in Al-doped VSe2 is more promising than the pristine and other metal-doped VSe2 systems, due to the reasonable adsorption energy of −0.80 eV, charge transfer of −0.567e, and strong orbital interaction between Al 3p and O 2p orbitals. Additionally, the room temperature structural solidity of the sensor has also been verified using the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The reported theoretical results inspire the fabrication and engineering of efficient dioxane sensors using Al-doped VSe2.
Exact decompositions of the total KS-DFT exchange–correlation energy into one- and two-center terms
Authors: Gimferrer Martí , Salvador Pedro
Published: June 2023

In the so-called Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) approach, the molecular energy is numerically decomposed as a sum of atomic and diatomic contributions. While proper formulations have been put forward for both Hartree–Fock and post-Hartree–Fock wavefunctions, this is not the case for the Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT). In this work, we critically analyze the performance of two fully additive approaches for the IQA decomposition of the KS-DFT energy, namely, the one from Francisco et al., which uses atomic scaling factors, and that from Salvador and Mayer based upon the bond order density (SM-IQA). Atomic and diatomic exchange–correlation (xc) energy components are obtained for a molecular test set comprising different bond types and multiplicities and along the reaction coordinate of a Diels–Alder reaction. Both methodologies behave similarly for all systems considered. In general, the SM-IQA diatomic xc components are less negative than the Hartree–Fock ones, which is in good agreement with the known effect of electron correlation upon (most) covalent bonds. In addition, a new general scheme to minimize the numerical error of the sum of two-electron energy contributions (i.e., Coulomb and exact exchange) in the framework of overlapping atoms is described in detail.
Tuning charge transfer and magnetic properties in LaCoO3/LaMnO3/LaCoO3 trilayers by oxygen content
Authors: Tong Ruixue , Shi Lei , Zhao Jiyin , Liu Xuguang , Zhou Shiming , Miao Xianbing , Zhang Jinhui , Yang Liping
Published: June 2023

In this manuscript, perovskite oxide LaCoO3/LaMnO3/LaCoO3 (LLL) trilayers and the single-layer LaMnO3 (LMO) and LaCoO3 (LCO) films are epitaxially grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by polymer-assisted deposition combining with heat treating in Ar, air, and O2 atmospheres, respectively. The crystal structure and magnetic properties are investigated. It is found that the responses of LMO and LCO films to oxygen content are different, and the magnetic property of LMO is more sensitivity to oxygen content than that of LCO. The oxygen content can directly affect the structure and magnetic properties of LMO and LCO layers, which, in turn, modulate the interfacial magnetic properties of the LLL trilayers through interlayer coupling. By comparison with the magnetic properties of the single-layer films, an abnormal ferromagnetic (FM) transition is found in the LLL trilayers at around 216 K, besides two known FM transitions corresponding to those in the LCO and LMO layers, respectively. It is suggested that the abnormal FM transition is attributed to Mn4+–O–Co2+ FM super-exchange interaction, which is induced by the charge transfer from Mn3+ to Co3+ ions and the interlayer coupling between the LMO and LCO layers. The interlayer coupling of the trilayers, including the interfacial coupling and the diffusion-induced inlayer coupling, dominates the interface properties, which are tuned by oxygen content-dependent charge transfer. The cooperative function of the orbital/charge structure and the interlayer coupling dominates the magnetic properties of the LLL trilayer under the tensile strain. These findings provide new avenues to regulate the electronic and magnetic states of perovskite oxide multilayers and another way to the development of multifunctional electronic devices.
Momentum work and the energetic foundations of physics. I. Newton’s laws of motion tailored to processes
Authors: Kalies Grit , Do Duong D.
Published: June 2023

Modern physics is based on Newton’s laws of motion, which describe interaction via forces. In this paper, we argue that interaction needs to be described in terms of processes. By introducing the momentum work and the associated momentum energy in mechanics, we present a coherent formulation of the process equations for mechanics and thermodynamics. This naturally leads to a simple derivation of the Lorentz-transformed mass, according to which any object changes its mass in real terms when its velocity is changed. Momentum work requires a revision of Newton’s laws of motion. For the first time in the history of physics, the elastic collision between objects, such as particles, can be described as a temporal process, not as interaction via force = counter-force. The mechanism of energy conversion during the elastic collision and other mechanical processes, such as free fall, becomes clear and demonstrates the validity of the principle of energy conservation on microscale at any point in time. The results suggest that physics can be rebuilt on a more coherent footing of dynamic processes up to quantum-process thermodynamics.
Development of a novel piezoelectric-driven non-resonant elliptical vibrator with adjustable characteristics
Authors: Guo Z. Y. , Zhang W. C. , Zhao P. C. , Liu W. D. , Wang X. H. , Zhang L. F. , Hu G. F.
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the fabrication of a micro-textured surface, a novel piezoelectric-driven non-resonant elliptical vibrator is proposed in this paper; the output characteristics could be adjusted by the length change of the tool holder. The flexible mechanism is the primary structure of the vibrator, which includes a lever type mechanism, an enhanced Scott–Russell mechanism, and a T-shaped mechanism. The former two mechanisms are used to enlarge the output of the piezoelectric actuator, and the T-shaped mechanism is applied to transfer the parallel movements to the elliptical trajectory. The theoretical models including the elliptical trajectory, output stiffness, and resonant frequencies are established to investigate the impacts of the tool holder and controlling signals on the output characteristics of the vibrator, which are further validated using the finite element analysis method. A prototype is developed by integrating the non-resonant elliptical vibrator assembly and controlling system. Some experiments are carried out to verify the basic performance and the adjustable properties of the vibrator.
Fast transition-edge sensors suitable for photonic quantum computing
Authors: Hummatov Ruslan , Lita Adriana E. , Farrahi Tannaz , Otrooshi Negar , Fayer Samuel , Collins Matthew J. , Durkin Malcolm , Bennett Douglas , Ullom Joel , Mirin Richard P. , Woo Nam Sae
Published: June 2023

Photon-number resolving transition-edge sensors (TESs) with near unity system detection efficiency enable novel approaches to quantum computing, for example, heralding robust Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states. Increasing the speed of the detectors increases the rate at which these states can be heralded. In addition, depending on the details of the scheme, faster detectors can reduce the complexities of the hardware implementation. In previous work, we demonstrated that adding a small amount of gold between the tungsten film and silicon substrate can increase thermal conductance and reduce detector recovery time. In that study, the readout electronics imposed limitations on stable biasing conditions of the TES detector, and the TES could only be biased at higher than ideal values. In this report, we demonstrate the operation of the TES illuminated by a heavily attenuated pulsed laser running at 1 MHz repetition rate and examine the limits to adding gold to speed up device recovery times using a higher bandwidth readout system. The best performance was achieved by combining a 15×15μm2 tungsten TES with 5μm3 of gold, which resulted in a recovery time faster than 250 ns, with an energy resolution of 0.25 eV full-width at half maximum at 0.8 eV photon energy.
Numerical study on biomechanics in bifurcated coronary artery with plaques of different scenarios considering cardiac motion
Authors: Hou Zhanju , Zhang Lili , Zhang Heng , Bian Yuan , Liu Jian
Published: June 2023

During the development of atherosclerosis, plaques of different scenarios are formed at the bifurcation of the coronary arteries, which causes patients to exhibit different symptoms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of plaque in different scenarios on the biomechanics of the bifurcated left coronary artery. In order to reflect the blood flow in the atherosclerotic coronary arteries more exactly, five vivid coronary artery models with a plaque of different scenarios are created based on Computed Tomography (CT) and anatomical images. Furthermore, the three-dimensional artery motion equations are created and fitted to the distal end of the coronary artery to describe the cardiac motion. The reciprocal influence of fluid and solid is also taken into account, constituting a fluid–structure interaction study. The risk of plaques in different scenarios was assessed by analyzing different physical parameters of arteries and blood. The results show that the effect of plaque on arterial stress is concentrated in the proximal coronary artery while the impact on blood flow is mainly focused on the narrow area and downstream of plaque. Wall shear stress promotes plaque growth in the early stages of atherosclerosis and drives plaque rupture after stenosis formation. There is a negative correlation between relative residence time and the degree of coronary artery stenosis and stiffness.
Experimental study on frost resistance of hybrid fiber fly ash concrete
Authors: Zhang Jingshuang , Wu Yanqing , Ren Bin
Published: June 2023

Based on the orthogonal test, the optimized ratio of hybrid fiber fly ash concrete prepared with different volume admixtures of polypropylene fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber, and different lengths, was obtained, and its frost resistance was evaluated in terms of mass change, dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength before and after water and salt freezing. Then, the damage mechanism was discussed by combining the pore structure and SEM analysis. The results show that the tensile strength and relative dynamic elastic modulus of specimens after the water freezing cycle are better than those after the salt freezing cycle with the same number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the mass loss rate is less than that of the salt freezing cycle; the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of hybrid fiber fly ash concrete increased by 8.5% and 9.5%, and 46.8% and 12.1%, respectively, after 60 times of water freezing and salt freezing cycles compared with the benchmark fly ash concrete. As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, the pore air content and the frequency of large pores increased and the frequency of small pores decreased; in terms of the pore distribution of concrete, the distribution of pore structure was more reasonable for water freeze cycle relative to salt freeze cycle and for hybrid fiber fly ash concrete relative to the base fly ash concrete. Thus, it can be found that hybrid fibers incorporated into concrete can reduce the damage to the concrete interior by the freeze-thaw cycle and significantly improve the frost resistance of concrete.
Electromagnetic electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
Authors: Che H. , Zank G. P.
Published: June 2023

On electron kinetic scales, ions and electrons decouple, and electron velocity shear on electron inertial length ∼de can trigger electromagnetic (EM) electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI). In this paper, we present an analytic study of EM EKHI in an inviscid collisionless plasma with a step-function electron shear flow. We show that in incompressible collisionless plasma, the ideal electron frozen-in condition E+ve×B/c=0 must be broken for the EM EKHI to occur. In a step-function electron shear flow, the ideal electron frozen-in condition is replaced by magnetic flux conservation, i.e., ∇×(E+ve×B/c)=0, resulting in a dispersion relation similar to that of the standard ideal and incompressible magnetohydrodynamics KHI. The magnetic field parallel to the electron streaming suppresses the EM EKHI due to magnetic tension. The threshold for the EM mode of the EKHI is (k·ΔUe)2>ne1+ne2ne1ne2[ne1(vAe1·k)2+ne2(vAe2·k)2], where vAe=B/(4πmene)1/2, ΔUe, and ne are the electron streaming velocity shear and densities, respectively. The growth rate of the EM mode is γem∼Ωce, which is the electron gyro-frequency.
Low-frequency broadband sound absorption based on Cantor fractal porosity
Authors: Almeida Gildean do N. , Vergara Erasmo F. , Lenzi Arcanjo , Alves Álvaro S. , de Jesus José C. O.
Published: June 2023

Proposals for new absorber designs for broadband sound absorption are of great interest due to their wide applicability in sound energy control. In this sense, the behavior of an acoustic absorber composed of a panel with slit-type perforations based on Cantor’s fractal is presented. The analytical model for the fractal porosity of the absorber as a function of the initial geometric parameters, the number of iterations, and the fractal dimension was established. The behavior of broadband sound absorption was evaluated theoretically, numerically, and experimentally, in which the predominant total thermal-viscous dissipation in the region of perforations increases as the fractal porosity of the absorber decreases. Furthermore, an experimental broadband sound absorption of 692 Hz (from 382 to 1074 Hz) with a peak amplitude greater than 80% is obtained with the proposed structure presenting a sub-wavelength scale, i.e., λ/27. Finally, this work contributes to the understanding of the use of Cantor’s fractal porosity in the proposal of new absorbers that allow broadband sound absorption at low frequency.
Kerr nonlinearity and group velocity dispersion of InGaAs/InP and GaAsSb/InP waveguides in the mid-infrared
Authors: Zhang Kevin , Böhm Gerhard , Belkin Mikhail A.
Published: June 2023

We report measurements of Kerr nonlinearity and group velocity dispersion in In0.53Ga0.47As/InP and GaAs0.51Sb0.49/InP ridge waveguides in the mid-infrared using four-wave mixing at λ ≈ 5 µm. Measured values of Kerr nonlinearity are significantly higher compared to those reported for any other materials systems suitable for building dielectric waveguides with low losses and low group velocity dispersion in the mid-infrared (λ ≈ 3–15 μm). Our measurements establish both In0.53Ga0.47As/InP and GaAs0.51Sb0.49/InP materials as promising platforms for the development of on-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation and supercontinuum light sources.
Variation in defects and properties in composite of ZnO and α-Fe2O3 for sustainable wastewater treatment
Authors: Wareppam Boris , Priyananda Singh K. , Joseph Singh N. , Ghosh Subrata , Aomoa N. , Garg V. K. , Oliveira A. C. , Herojit Singh L.
Published: June 2023

Defects in nanostructures play a pivotal role in determining their properties and performance in the desired applications. Herein, the defect states and structural properties of the bi-metal oxide composite of ZnO and α-Fe2O3 (ZF-W) are varied by annealing the composite at different temperatures. The changes in defects, structures, and phase are evaluated thoroughly using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. The defect-rich ZF-W composite is found to be composed of defect-deficient ZnFe2O4 attaining the equilibrium state when as-synthesized ZF-W is annealed at 500 °C [ZF-W(500)]. Further annealing at 1000 °C, ZF-W(1000), a non-stoichiometric and highly defected ZnFe2O4 is evidenced in the composite. The changes in the composite with the annealing temperature are correlated with the cationic migration and evolution of defect states. Moreover, the transition associated with the vacancy defects, which trapped the excited electron and dispel the free electrons, thereby inhibiting fast electron–hole pair recombination, is corroborated from the photoluminescence spectra. When implemented for methyl blue adsorption/degradation without the assistance of any external sources, the degradation efficiency of ZF-W, ZF-W(300), ZF-W(500), and ZF-W(1000) is found to be 86%, 84%, 68%, and 82%, respectively. The prepared samples are highly stable and can be used repeatedly without losing effectiveness. The simultaneous evolution of defects and structural properties of the composite are attributed for the variation in methyl blue adsorption/degradation. The present study reveals the importance of defects present in the mixed metal oxide composite in obtaining high-performance dye degradation/adsorption properties for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Sublimation behavior of AlN in nitrogen and argon at conditions used for high-temperature annealing
Authors: Peters Lukas , Sergeev Dmitry , Margenfeld Christoph , Müller Michael , Waag Andreas
Published: June 2023

High-temperature annealing (HTA) is one of the most promising techniques to produce high-quality, cost-efficient AlN templates for further epitaxial growth of AlGaN devices. Unfortunately, the yield of this process seems to be limited due to the restricting face-to-face configuration that is typically used, in which contaminations of the template surface can occur easily. A high yield is crucial for process transfer into industry. Indeed, templates that are annealed in open-face configuration suffer from surface degradation due to excessive AlN evaporation during the course of the annealing process. To highlight the physics that are restricting the open-face approach of the process, sublimation behavior of AlN at temperatures and atmospheres typically used in HTA processes has to be examined. In this study, we use the Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry technique to confirm the previously published results on equilibrium partial pressures of species above AlN. Based on the experimentally determined data and further AlN sublimation experiments, the apparent sublimation coefficient of AlN in N2 and Ar atmospheres at HTA process conditions can be derived. Despite N2 having a stabilizing effect on AlN during HTA, the still high decomposition rates of several hundred nanometers per hour can explain the excessive damage that is typically observed if AlN/sapphire templates are annealed in an open-face configuration. Finally, based on theoretical considerations, a strategy to reduce the sublimation of AlN during HTA in open-face configuration is suggested.
Phonon transport along long polymer chains with varying configurations: Effects of phonon scattering
Authors: Zimbovskaya Natalya A. , Nitzan Abraham
Published: June 2023

Following recent molecular dynamic simulations [M. Dinpajooh and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys. 153, 164903 (2020)], we theoretically analyze how the phonon heat transport along a single polymer chain may be affected by varying the chain configuration. We suggest that phonon scattering controls the phonon heat conduction in strongly compressed (and tangled) chain when multiple random bends act as scattering centers for vibrational phonon modes, which results in the diffusive character of heat transport. As the chain is straightening up, the number of scatterers decreases, and the heat transport acquires nearly ballistic character. To analyze these effects, we introduce a model of a long atomic chain made out of identical atoms where some atoms are put in contact with scatterers and treat the phonon heat transfer through such a system as a multichannel scattering problem. We simulate the changes in the chain configurations by varying the number of the scatterers and mimic a gradual straightening of the chain by a gradual reducing of the number of scatterers attached to the chain atoms. It is demonstrated, in agreement with recently published simulation results, that the phonon thermal conductance shows a threshold-like transition from the limit where nearly all atoms are attached to the scatterers to the opposite limit where the scatterers vanish, which corresponds to a transition from the diffusive to the ballistic phonon transport.
The viscoplastic circular hydraulic jump
Authors: Wang Wenxi , Khayat Roger E. , de Bruyn John R.
Published: June 2023

We examine theoretically the spread of a jet impacting on a circular disk and the hydraulic jump of a viscoplastic fluid of the Herschel–Bulkley type. The depth-averaging approach is employed in the supercritical region, and the subcritical flow is assumed to be inertialess of the lubrication type. The jump is treated as a shock, where the balance of mass and momentum is established in the radial direction, including the effect of surface tension across the jump. We show that, in contrast to the Newtonian jet, which requires separate formulations in the developing-boundary layer and fully viscous layers, the supercritical formulation for the fully yielded and pseudo-plug layers is uniformly valid between the impingement zone and the jump. Consequently, a viscoplastic jet does not experience the discontinuity in the film height, pseudo-plug layer velocity gradient, and shear stress, exhibited by a Newtonian film at the transition location. The jump is found to occur closer to impingement, with growing height, as the yield stress increases; the subcritical region becomes invaded by the pseudo-plug layer. The viscosity does not influence sensibly the jump location and height except for small yield stress; only the yielded-layer is found to remain sensitive to the power-law rheology for any yield stress. In particular, shear thickening can cause the fully yielded layer to drop in height despite the jump in the film surface. We also find that the jump would not occur if the disk was smaller than a critical size, but the yield stress tends to enhance the formation of the jump compared to a Newtonian jet. We show that an almost constant local downstream Froude number also exists for a viscoplastic fluid. Finally, our results reduce to the limiting cases of Bingham, power-law, and Newtonian fluids.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: June 2023

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
On the grammaticalization of ideophones
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Heine Bernd
Published: June 2023

Ideophones, like English bang or
thud, are interactive expressions used as vivid
depictions of sensory imagery of states, events, objects, or
qualities (cf. Dingemanse
2011, 2012,
2018; Dingemanse & Akita 2017;
Andrason 2020, 2021). They are claimed to
represent a universal class of linguistic forms – that is, any given
language can be expected to have a set of them. That set may be
highly limited, as is the case in many European languages, but it
may as well be almost as large as that of lexical categories like
nouns and verbs. There are thousands of ideophones in the spoken
usage of languages like Korean, Japanese and Basque, which have 4500
or more of them (see Dingemanse
2018; Haiman
2018). Ideophones exhibit an ambivalent structural
behavior. On the one hand, they have been described as grammatical
forms that are syntactically unattached and prosodically set off
from surrounding text material. On the other hand, they have also
been described as morphosyntactically integrated adverbials,
adjectivals, verbals, or nominals in a number of languages. Building
on some earlier work (especially Dwyer & Moshi 2003), the goal of the present paper
is to look at ideophones from the perspective of grammaticalization
theory with a view to accounting for this ambivalent behavior. It is
argued in the paper that we are dealing here with a process that
differs from ‘canonical’ grammaticalization in that the end-product
of the process is a lexical rather than a grammatical form.
The atlastin paralogs: The complexity in the tails
Authors: Krishna Shivaani , Ford Marijn G.J.
Published: June 2023

Atlastins are mechanochemical GTPases that catalyze homotypic fusion of ER tubules. Recent work has demonstrated that tethering and fusion by the three mammalian atlastin paralogs are differentially regulated by their variable N- and C-terminal extensions. These new findings have profound implications for atlastin-mediated homeostasis of the tubular ER network.
Mammalian infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses renew concerns of pandemic potential
Authors: Gilbertson Brad , Subbarao Kanta
Published: June 2023

There is unprecedented spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses in bird species on five continents, and many reports of infections in mammals most likely resulting from consumption of infected birds. As H5N1 viruses infect more species, their geographical range increases and more viral variants are produced that could have new biological properties including adaptation to mammals and potentially to humans. This highlights the need to continually monitor and assess mammalian-origin H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses for the presence of mutations that could potentially increase their pandemic risk for humans. Fortunately, to date there have been a limited number of human cases, but infection of mammals increases the opportunity for the virus to acquire mutations that enhance efficient infection, replication, and spread in mammals, properties that have not been seen in these viruses in the past.
On swimmer’s strategies in various currents
Authors: Aghamohammadi Amir , Aghamohammadi Cina , Moghimi-Araghi Saman
Published: June 2023

Finding an optimum strategy to reach a certain destination by swimming in a background flow is an interesting question that leads to non-trivial results and swimming paths. Here we consider different strategies for various types of surface currents, including parallel currents, and currents resulting from spring sources, and sinks. Swimmers may instinctively swim toward the destination point. It turns out that this idea may not lead to the desired result in the presence of the background current. We will show in some cases the best strategy is to swim towards a certain point other than the actual destination. A different strategy may be to obtain the path of the least time and then follow the minimized path. We study this alternative strategy, too.
Semi-discrete Tikhonov regularization in RKHS with large randomly distributed noise
Authors: Zhong Min , Hu Yu
Published: June 2023

The concern of this paper is the numerical solution of the moderately ill-posed first kind integral equations in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Different with previous works in (Krebs et al 2009 J. Inverse Ill-Posed Problems
17 845–69; Zhong et al 2012 Inverse Problems
28 065019), the amount of observation data is large, and corrupted by randomly distributed noise with large variance. In this paper, a purely data driven semi-discrete Tikhonov regularization method is proposed, effectively reconstructing the sought solution. The choice rules of parameters are provided and the rigorous upper bound estimation of confidence interval of the error in L
2 norm is established. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the appropriateness of the parameter choice and show the computational performances of the method.
Hybrid metrology for nanometric energy harvesting devices
Authors: Siaudinyte Lauryna , Hansen P-E , Koops R , Xu J , Peiner E
Published: June 2023

The parametrization of the nanostructures covering the energy harvesting (EH) devices play an important role in maximizing the exploitation of light and so does the selection of the best suitable fabrication and measurement methods. The fabrication and optical inspection of periodic cylindrical nanostructures for EH devices is a challenging task for both manufacturers and metrologists. In this paper we present the fabrication process of nanowires (NWs) along with optical and non-optical measurement techniques which were used to measure the geometrical parameters of these periodic nanostructures. The paper explains the benefits of hybrid metrology that combine data from different metrology tools to obtain more accurate dimensional information about the measured NW samples than those which can be achieved by using only one metrology instrument and thereby improve the fabrication process. Measurement procedure and the determination of geometrical parameters achieved with uncertainties down to 2 nm are provided in the paper and discussed in detail.
A multimodal natural frequency identification method of long-span bridges using GNSS
Authors: He Linyu , Ju Boxiao , Jiang Weiping , Fan Wenlan , Yuan Peng , Hu Junliang , Chen Qusen
Published: June 2023

Multimodal natural frequency is a crucial factor in determining the structural stability of bridges. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has become an increasingly important tool for monitoring the structural health of long-span bridges. This paper proposes a method for accurately determining multimodal natural frequencies in these structures using GNSS monitoring data. The proposed method involves decomposing GNSS displacement data into several signals that correspond to each mode using auto-regressive power spectrum decomposition, extraction of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using empirical mode decomposition (EMD), identification of multimodal natural frequencies from the extracted IMFs using random decrement technique and Hilbert transform. The proposed method was validated through a simulation test and was applied to the Yingwuzhou Yangtze River Bridge. Results showed that this method was able to accurately identify the first six modal frequencies with a relative error of less than 8.09% compared to the theoretical values obtained through a finite-element model. This method outperforms other methods such as peak-picking, Complete Ensemble EMD with Adaptive Noise, and empirical wavelet transform, which can only identify the first three modes or fewer. Finally, four fieldwork experiments with different GNSS data show that the maximum range of relative errors of each identification is 3.65%, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness and universality of this method.
Asymptotics of discrete q-Freud
II
orthogonal polynomials from the q-Riemann Hilbert problem
Authors: Joshi Nalini , Lasic Latimer Tomas
Published: June 2023

We investigate a Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP), whose solution corresponds to a group of q-orthogonal polynomials studied earlier by Ismail et al. Using RHP theory we determine new asymptotic results in the limit as the degree of the polynomials approach infinity. The RHP formulation also enables us to obtain further properties. In particular, we consider how the class of polynomials and their asymptotic behaviours change under translations of the q-discrete lattice and determine the asymptotics of a related q-Painlevé equation.
Using video analysis to study the behaviour of rubber balloons
Authors: Holovko Mykola , Kryzhanovskyi Serhii , Matsyuk Viktor
Published: June 2023

This work demonstrates a simple method for studying the behaviour of rubber balloons. For this purpose, a video analysis was performed using the Tracker software. Compared to other ways, this made it possible to simplify the experimental setup and make it much cheaper.
The Chandrasekhar limit: a simplified approach
Authors: Low Andrew M
Published: June 2023

This article outlines a simplified approach to approximating the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarf stars at a level appropriate for advanced high school students, beginning undergraduate students, and high school teachers. Using a combination of introductory quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of special relativity, the electron degeneracy pressure is calculated in the non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic limits. By combining the electron degeneracy energy with the gravitational energy for a constant density star, an approximation to the Chandrasekhar mass is derived.
High-responsivity silicon p–i–n mesa-photodiode
Authors: Kukurudziak M S , Maistruk E V
Published: June 2023

Silicon p–i–n mesa-photodiodes have been made. Different variants of masking coating during etching of the mesa-profile have been studied. Comparative characteristic of photodetectors manufacture by planar- and mesa-technology have been carried out. Defect formation on the surface of silicon substrates in different options of technology was investigated. Parameters of photodiodes manufactured by planar and meso-technology were investigated. Photodiodes with a meso-structure have higher responsivity and lower capacitance than samples made by conventional planar technology.
Extension of Brauer and Rado perturbation theorems for regular matrix pencils
Authors: González-Pizarro Javier , Salas Mario , Soto Ricardo L
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose new results for changing eigenvalues of a regular matrix pencil A − λ
B, which are based on the well-known Brauer’s theorem [A Brauer, Limits for the characteristic roots of a matrix. IV. Applications to stochastic matrices, Duke Math. J., 19, 75-91, 1952] and Rado’s theorem [B N Parlett, Symmetric matrix pencils, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 38, 373-385, 1991.]. These results allow us to change eigenvalues of the original matrix pencil without altering its regularity and in a quite simple way, even allowing to change infinite eigenvalues. We also present an extension of Rado’s theorem that allows changing eigenvalues of a regular symmetric matrix pencil without altering its symmetric structure, and we show how to use these results in order to change the eigenvalues of a quadratic polynomial matrix. Finally, we present numerical examples that confirm the expected results with the new extensions of these theorems.
Investigation on near-field radiative heat transfer between two SiC films with different substrates
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Yang Bing , Yu Kun , Zhang Kaihua , Liu Haotuo , Wu Xiaohu
Published: June 2023

Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) has drawn significant attention in the past years due to potential applications in energy harvesting, and information storage. In practical applications, the substrate is necessary to make the structure more stable. However, the investigation of substrate influence on the NFRHT in previous works is rarely carried out. In this work, the influence of the substrate on the NFRHT between two SiC films is investigated. For lossless substrates, the NFRHT is enhanced in thick films (h = 7 nm and h = 20 nm), while suppressed in thin films (h = 1 nm). For lossy substrates, the loss of the substrate can effectively promote the NFRHT. The substrates of real materials are also considered. We find the NFRHT between two SiC films is suppressed, when the substrates are Au and SiO2. The underlying physics mechanism can be explained by the antisymmetric and symmetric mode of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in SiC films, which are analyzed by the energy transmission coefficients (ETCs) as a function of angular frequency and wavevector. In addition, we find that the dispersion relations and ETCs exhibit a good agreement. We believe this work is helpful in understanding the effect of substrates on SPhPs and designing near-field radiation devices.
YSE-PZ: A Transient Survey Management Platform that Empowers the Human-in-the-loop
Authors: Coulter D. A. , Jones D. O. , McGill P. , Foley R. J. , Aleo P. D. , Bustamante-Rosell M. J. , Chatterjee D. , Davis K. W. , Dickinson C. , Engel A. , Gagliano A. , Jacobson-Galán W. V. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Kutcka J. , Le Saux X. K. , Malanchev K. , Pan Y.-C. , Quiñonez P. J. , Rojas-Bravo C. , Siebert M. R. , Taggart K. , Tinyanont S. , Wang Q.
Published: June 2023

The modern study of astrophysical transients has been transformed by an exponentially growing volume of data. Within the last decade, the transient discovery rate has increased by a factor of ∼20, with associated survey data, archival data, and metadata also increasing with the number of discoveries. To manage the data at this increased rate, we require new tools. Here we present YSE-PZ, a transient survey management platform that ingests multiple live streams of transient discovery alerts, identifies the host galaxies of those transients, downloads coincident archival data, and retrieves photometry and spectra from ongoing surveys. YSE-PZ also presents a user with a range of tools to make and support timely and informed transient follow-up decisions. Those subsequent observations enhance transient science and can reveal physics only accessible with rapid follow-up observations. Rather than automating out human interaction, YSE-PZ focuses on accelerating and enhancing human decision making, a role we describe as empowering the human-in-the-loop. Finally, YSE-PZ is built to be flexibly used and deployed; YSE-PZ can support multiple, simultaneous, and independent transient collaborations through group-level data permissions, allowing a user to view the data associated with the union of all groups in which they are a member. YSE-PZ can be used as a local instance installed via Docker or deployed as a service hosted in the cloud. We provide YSE-PZ as an open-source tool for the community.
A charged star with geometric Karmarkar condition
Authors: Estevez-Delgado Gabino , Estevez-Delgado Joaquin , Soto-Espitia Rafael , Rendón Romero Antonio , Paulin-Fuentes Jorge Mauricio
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we analyse an analytical solution of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations that considers matter with anisotropic pressures in a static and spherically symmetric geometry. We report the manner in which we obtained the solution, which is by means of the Karmarkar condition. For the model, we assume a state equation that describes the interaction of matter from quarks P = (c
2
ρ − 4B

g
)/3 and we consider the presence of electric charge, which can generate that the radial and tangential pressures are not equal. In a graphic manner, we analyse the physical properties of the model, taking as the observational data those of mass 1M
⊙ and radius 7.69 km which were reported for the star Her X-1. The charge values are found between 5.57 × 1018C ≤ Q ≤ 1.31 × 1020C and the interval of the Bag constant B

g
∈ [118.7, 122.13]MeV/fm3. Also, we show the stability of the configuration by means of the static stability criteria of Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov

∂
M

∂

ρ

c

>
0

, as well as in regards to infinitesimal radial adiabatic perturbation, since the adiabatic index γ > 3.3 which guarantees the stability of the solution.
Mode dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates in a single-well potential
Authors: Ying 应 Yaojun 耀俊 , Sun 孙 Lizhen 李真 , Li 李 Haibin 海彬
Published: June 2023

We investigate dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a single-well potential using the mode-coupling method. Symmetry is shown to play a key role in the coupling between modes. A proper mode-coupling theory of the dynamics of BECs in a single-well potential should include at least four modes. In this context, the ideal BEC system can be decomposed into two independent subsystems when the coupling is caused by external potential perturbation and is linear. The mode dynamics of non-ideal BECs with interaction shows rich behavior. The combination of nonlinear coupling and initial condition leads to the different regimes of mode dynamics, from regularity to non-regularity, which also indicates a change of the dependence of coupling on the symmetry of modes.
Comment on ‘On the dimension of angles and their units’
Authors: Quincey Paul
Published: June 2023

The paper by Mohr et al (2022 Metrologia
59 053001) makes a strong case for angles having their own dimension, so that the radian should be treated as independent of the existing SI base units, and not somehow equivalent to the number 1. The authors also show how current practice effectively simplifies complete (unit-independent) equations by setting the term Θ/2π equal to 1, where Θ is the angle of one revolution, and this is analogous to how theoretical physicists sometimes set the speed of light c equal to 1. However, they make a significant error in their treatment of frequency, which needs to be highlighted. They have, in effect, adopted the standard definition for ‘angular frequency’ as their definition of ‘frequency’. This leads to unnecessary confusion and problems that are entirely separable from the issue of angles having their own dimension.
Waveform distortion of off-axis fishbone instability in the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic evolution in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Li Hanzheng , Todo Yasushi , Wang Hao , Wang Jialei , Idouakass Malik
Published: June 2023

We have investigated the waveform distortion of energetic particle driven off-axis fishbone mode (OFM) in tokamak plasmas with kinetic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid simulations. We extended our previous simulations (Li et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 026013) by considering higher-n harmonics in the MHD fluid, where n is toroidal mode number. The waveform distortion is successfully reproduced in the simulation for both magnetic fluctuations and temperature fluctuations. It is clarified that the waveform distortion arises from the superposition of the n = 2 harmonics on the fundamental n = 1 harmonics of OFM, where the n = 2 harmonics are generated by the MHD nonlinearity from the n = 1 OFM. Two types of waveform distortion can occur depending on the phase relationship between the n = 1 and n = 2 harmonics and the relative amplitude of the n = 2 harmonics to the n = 1 harmonics. Lissajous curve analyses indicate that the wave couplings between the n = 1 and n = 2 harmonics with phase-lock

∼

π

and

∼

0

lead to ‘rising distortion’ and ‘falling distortion’, respectively. The two types of waveform distortion can be attributed to the strong shearing profile of radial MHD velocity with n = 2 around the q = 2 magnetic flux surface. The dependence of waveform distortion on viscosity is investigated. It is found that the viscosity which is needed to reproduce the waveform distortion is larger than that in the experiment.