bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG DAN PUPUK HAYATI PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Sanjaya Purba , Kurnia Novi , Kushendarto Kushendarto , Yelli Fitri
Published: March 2021

Produktivitas tanaman tomat di Provinsi Lampung terus menurun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Pada Tahun 2017 tercatat produktivitas tomat mencapai 13.46 ton/ha, sedangkan pada tahun 2019 hanya mencapai 10.52 ton/ha. Bahkan nilai ini masih jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rata rata nasional yang mencapai 18.63 ton/ha. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut peningkatan produktivitas mutlak dibutuhkan, salah satunya adalah dengan penambahan pupuk kandang dan pupuk hayati. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung pada bulan Januari - Mei 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) secara faktorial 4 x 3 dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemupukan dengan menggunakan beberapa jenis pupuk kandang (ayam, kambing dan sapi) sebanyak 1/3 bagian media tanam, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan dosis, 0 l/ha, 4 l/ha, dan 8 l/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kandang berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh variabel pengamatan. Dari ketiga jenis pupuk kandang, pupuk kandang kambing memberikan hasil yang paling baikdibandingkan pupuk kandang lainnya. Aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan dosis 4 l/ha berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel jumlah cabang primer dan jumlah bunga tanaman tomat dan merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk pupuk hayati. Tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan pupuk kandang dan pupuk hayati.
The In vivo Trend Analysis of Kidney Function Indices and Lipid Profile of Albino Rats Administered Palm-Wine
Authors: Haruna G. S. , Enemali M. O. , Asogwa O. B. , Sani M. H. , James B. A.
Published: March 2021

The present study evaluated the dynamics of kidney function indices and lipid profile of albino rats after administration of palm-wine to them. The fresh palm-wine was collected from a local palm-wine tapper on daily basis and divided in to two portions. The first portion was labelled “Fresh palm-wine” and administered (15 ml/kg) to group 2 and (30 ml/kg) to group 4, the second portion was allowed to ferment for additional ten hours and labelled “prolonged-fermented palm-wine” and administered (15 ml/kg) to group 3 and (30 ml/kg) to group 5. Group one served as the control and received distilled water, all for 28 days. Each group was randomly allocated four rats. Results (mmol/ml) revealed a significantly(p<0.05) lower concentration of urea (10.21±0.40), higher creatinine (0.37±0.17), K+ (4.06±0.06) and Cl- (86.12±4.61) in group 2 when compared to the control; 11.035±.110, 0.395±0.06, 3.945±.064, 80.090±0.25 respectively. In group 3, the concentrations of urea (11.70±0.35), creatinine (0.42±0.12) and Cl- (88.57±0.50) were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to the control. Na+ (120.09±10.40) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 4 when compared to the control (100.065±0.75). TAG (in mg/dL) (2.18±0.10) was significantly(p<0.05) higher in group 2 compared to control (1.96±0.023). T. cholesterol (3.125±0.27) and LDL-C (1.64±0.47) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in group 3 compared to the control; 1.99±0.052, respectively with significantly(p<0.05) elevated HDL (1.11±0.22) compared to control (0.840±0.092). TAG (2.190±0.25) and HDL-C (1.15±0.23) increased significantly(p<0.05) while LDL-C (1.58±0.14) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4 compared to control; 1.960±0.023, 0.840±0.092, 1.985±0.052 respectively. T. cholesterol (2.93±0.08) and LDL-C (1.56±0.03) decreased significantly(p<0.05) with significant(p<0.05) increase in HDL-C (0.99±0.10) in group 5 compared to the control. Fresh and prolonged-fermented palm-wine may adversely affect kidney function indices and lipid profile.
Development of Models for Predicting Some Surface Responses in Oblique Metal Cutting Using Mild Steel and Coated Carbide
Authors: Okafor I. T. , Osarenmwinda J. O. , Onifade M. K.
Published: March 2021

Oblique metal cutting is a milling process which constitutes the work piece, tool piece, machine centre and the machinist or operator. This research has been able to obtain some responses such as tool life, and the surface roughness. Most machine elements fail due to some poor surface finish errors such as craters, waviness, flay and lay. Previous researchers have focused more on the absolute value of the surface roughness (Ra) and this cannot provide for all the errors encountered on surface texture. The primary aim of this research is to develop models that can predict the surface roughness of machine parts produced in oblique metal cutting above the absolute value of the average surface roughness and in turn provide a document or framework for machinist which can serve as a guide for machinist. The work has been able to determine a near perfect surface roughness for mild steel using coated carbide as tool piece as the models developed has minimized the effect of surface roughness at run 6, 6 and 8 for Ra, Rz and maximized TL in the values of 1.071408 micrometer, 2.668293 micrometer and 49837238 seconds respectively. Also. the analysis of variance performed has also shown that is proper to accept the analysis using a significance α level of 0.05.
Asynchronous Collaborative and Interactive Learning Support System
Authors: Hadiana A. , Leiliawati L. , Muslih M. , Rohmanto R. , Natalia N. , Sudaryo Y.
Published: March 2021

We propose in this paper an educational distance learning support system to provide learning environment in higher education especially it is very important during Covid-19 pandemic. This system provides the collaboration functions among students, in order to make students more active and interactive in learning process based on web technology without any restriction of time and place, and also in order to decrease teachers’ load. In this system students are endorsed to collaborate each other for constructing shared knowledge as much as possible according to their level of knowledge. Students can make discussions or ask some questions collaboratively to acquire more knowledge which cannot be gained through lessons. We describe the concept of this system including its architecture.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Qomari Vikri Aflaha
Published: March 2021

Syariat islam adalah syariat yang betul-betul memperhatikan segala bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh pemeluknya mulai dari sisi spiritual hingga sisi sosial, tak terlepas masalah kesehatan beserta pendidikan. Maka islam sangat menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan sehinnga satu jiwa disisi islam sangatlah mahal, oleh sebab itu islam menganjurkan untuk senantiasa menjaga kesehatan diri terlebih di situasi pandemi sekarang ini. Lalu apa kaitan pandemi ini dengan masalah pendidikan. Maka artikel ini dibuat bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak dari covid-19 ini terkusus di bidang pendidikan, lalu apakah disebabkan covid-19 ini pembelajaran harus dihentikan, maka jawabannya tidak sebab pembelajaran adalah aktifitas yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan ini. Bagaiamana peradaban bangsa ini bisa berjalan kalau lah pendidikan dihentikan disebabkan covid-19, oleh sebab itu harus diadakan inovasi agar pembelajaran tetap bisa dilaksanakan walau tidak seefektif sebelum datangnya covid-19. Daring adalah solusi yang saat ini dirasa tepat sebab sekarang manusia dilarang untuk berkerumunan disebabkan covid-19. Lalu hendaknya seorang pendidik untuk tidak terlalu membebankan tugas yang berlebihan layaknya pembelajaran luring yang akan mengakibatkan para peserta didik akan tidak paham dengan pelajaran serta akan membuat mereka jenuh dan bosan.
Penyalahgunaan Wewenang dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Setelah Berlakunya UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan
Authors: Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen , Asikin Zainal , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to find out how the concept of abuse of authority in criminal acts of corruption after the enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration; and How was law enforcement in handling criminal acts of corruption after the enactment of the Law Number 30 of 2014. This research was a normative legal research. The approach used in this research was the statutory approach, the conceptual approach, and the comparative approach. From the results of the study it could be concluded that the concept of abuse of authority in criminal acts of corruption after the entry into force of Law Number 30 of 2024 concerning Government Administration was the Abuse of authority in accordance with Article 17 of Law No. 30 of 2014. Law No. 30 of 2014 focused on preventing abuse of authority. Aspects of criminal acts of corruption were first proven based on administrative law. In the process of law enforcement, if there was indeed an abuse of authority, then it became the basis by law enforcement officials to investigate or investigate allegations of corruption against the abusers of authority, whereas if in testing the abuse of authority by the State Administrative Court, the evidence was not proven, of course these actions could not be used as a basis for conducting investigations.
Politik Kebijakan Infrastruktur: Tinjauan Pustaka Kebijakan Infrastruktur Transportasi
Authors: Putri Nora Eka
Published: March 2021

This study examined the conceptualization of public policy consisting of public policy concepts, public policy models; Public policy process; Policy actor; Transportation infrastructure policy. Through this article it will be known the role of the policy actor in giving birth to public policy especially the transportation infrastructure policy. The actor's role will help in the success and/or failure of a policy in the field of transportation infrastructure. This was a literature study. Data in this study were collected through reviewing the literature from various sources such as googlescholar.com; sciencedirect.com and other relevant sources. The literatures that were referenced came from a variety of published years and from various policy issues that came from various countries. The conclusion of this writing was that the public policy and policy actor were very urgent and had important role of in childbirth infrastructure policy especially in the field of transportation. In the future, this article becomes a conceptual reference for interested parties to examine the issue of policy actor role in formulating public policy.
Politik Dinasti dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Syafril Rizki
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

This paper discusses the dynastic politics phenomena that occur according to the Islamic view. The political legitimacy of dynasties is not regulated in the Islamic political system, but in reality, dynastic political practices are widely applied in Islamic governments and in governments where the majority of the people are Muslim. This paper is a research library with data sources consisting of primary data and secondary data. While data analysis uses inductive, deductive and comparative methods. The results of the study concluded that dynastic politics according to Islam was permissible, if it was based on the conditions of the existing leader and must be by the appointment process exemplified by prophet and prophet's best friend and a leader by the expectations of the people and the leader was an expert in his field. While dynastic politics should not be if a leader is a person or group will and is not an expert as a leader and puts personal or group interests first.

Keywords: dynastic politics, Islamic political, leader, Islamic governments
RANCANGAN SOLUSI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DENGAN KONSEP FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) PENTA HELIX DI KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Alamanda Dini Turipanam , Hadiansyah Hadum , Ramdhani Abdullah
Published: March 2021

The waste problem in Garut Regency was entering an emergency and alarming stage. The situation has mobilized various elements, namely academics, entrepreneurs, communities, government and the media to take strategic steps together in overcoming the problem of waste. Garut University, especially Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP), became the initiator of the focus group discussion (FGD) agenda which subsequently developed into the Penta helix Garut Free Waste Movement. The purpose of this study was to map the solution steps taken by the Penta helix team based on the results of the FGD. This research was a qualitative type using FGD method. The FGD was attended by 28 participants consisting of 3 academic representatives, 7 company representatives, 6 community representatives, 10 government representatives, and 2 media representatives. Triangulation was carried out on the initiator's side by testing the dependability and confirmability. The results showed that there were 7 strategic issues namely technology, processing, education, economics, institutions, policies and coordination that needed to be further discussed through further FGDs. All elements were expected to continue to communicate and collaborate and could complete the discussion of the 7 issues to be used as a solution proposal to the government of Garut Regency, therefore, it could be used as material for policy formulation to solve the waste problem.
PENGELOLAAN ARSIP DOKUMEN KEPENDUDUKAN PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA PARIAMAN
Authors: Marlinda Marlinda
Published: March 2021

Archives needed to be managed properly because archives have a very important role for the life of an institution/organization so that if there were someone who needed them, the archives could be provided quickly and accurately. The objectives of this research were to analyze the management of population document archives at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Pariaman City in connection with the creation, arrangement, storage, and discovery of archives; to analyze the obstacles in managing the population document archives; and to formulate the solutions (efforts) that could be done in overcoming problems or obstacles encountered by the archive manager. This was a qualitative research. The finding of this study indicated that the current management of population document archives at Pariaman City was not optimal and has not been implemented properly so that the management system needed to be improved. It was necessary to establish a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the field of archiving so that activities for archiving could be well controlled.
Mit explorativer Datenanalyse und Data Mining zu hoch effizienten polymeren Tribo-Schicht-Systemen
Authors: Buling Anna , Dongmo Guetse Laura , Zerrer Jörg
Published: March 2021

Since current developments in machine building and automotive industry are dealing with the amplification of energy efficiency and sustainability of components, the reduction of friction and wear losses plays the most important key role. A further aspect of energy saving by mass reduction can be taken into account by substituting steel by lightweight metals. To fulfill these requirements, this study focuses on the development of a tribo-coating system, based on PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) as a base coating material for Al substrates. The coating is applied by using laser radiation to increase the energy efficiency of the coating process on the one hand and to reduce thermal stress on the component on the other hand. Furthermore, the laser process improves the mechanical prosperties of the polymeric coating. In the first step the correlation between the coating process parameters and the resulting coating morphology accompanied by its mechanical properties and the tribological behavior was elucidated by using explorative data analysis. Here, the influence of different wear and/or friction reducing additives and their variable concentrations was also taken into account, while the tribological response of the resulting coating systems was examined and valuated under dry sliding conditions. Using data mining, the most dominant correlations between the process parameters and the tribological answer of the coating system could be found. Utilizing these findings, the process parameters for different additives in the PEEK dispersions could be optimized, and a multilayer system was established, which combines high corrosion and wear protection accompanied by a tribo-film formation resulting in low friction and an increased lifetime of the coating system.
導言: “痛苦的”安樂死
Authors: FAN Ruiping
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese一個沒有認真思考過死亡的人，很難對生命形成成熟的見解。安樂死問題為我們提供了一個機會，本刊從這一主題出發，將和廣大讀者一道，在它引起的心理震攝面前，切實體會生命倫理學問題的重大性。經過痛苦的思索和艱難的抉擇，我們將有希望讓死亡不僅作為生命的必然歸宿，而且成為生活的必要準備。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 172 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
為什麼醫學不可能是一門科學？
Authors: MUNSON Ronald
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese我的論點是，儘管醫學是科學的，但它並不是也不可能成為一門科學。試圖說明醫學已經是一門科學的論證是有缺陷的，我將拒絕這種論證。我將證明，比較一下一些基本的明確特點如內在的目的、成功的標準以及調節事業的原則等，就會顯示出醫學與科學是根本不同的。然後我將論證，雖然醫學的認知內容也許有可能還原為生物學，但醫學本身是不可還原的，因為作為一項事業它具有一些特點，這些特點使它成了一種不適於還原的學科。在認識到醫學與科學本質上是不同的之後，我將用從這一認識中得出的四種結果來結束本文。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 34 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
導言
Authors: QIU Ren-Zong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese本期主題是與艾滋病有關的問題。一個幽靈在地球上游誨。這個幽靈就是艾滋病。艾滋病是跨世紀的全球流行病，人類將在21世紀面臨艾滋病的更嚴重挑戰，在一定意義上，人類的未來將決定於人類對它的挑戰回應如何。艾滋病比任何其他疾病都顯示出它的生物－－心理－－社會性質，對艾滋病的回應不僅是一個生物醫學問題，而且涉及一系列的概念、觀念、理論、價值、道德、政策和法律問題。然而，無論在中國，還是在全世界，對這些問題的探討很不充分。希望本期的論文和譯文能夠促進華人國家、地區和社區對這些問題的關注，引出對這些問題更有價值的研究成果。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 17 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
對原則主義的批判
Authors: CLOUSER K. Danner , GERT Bernard
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese在本文作者的用法，『原則主義』（principlism） 是指這樣的做法， 即以「原則」 取代道德理論、特殊的道德規則和理想，來處理源自醫務中的道德問題。作者的論點是，這些「原則」並未發揮原則主義主張的那種功能，而其使用在實踐和理論上都是誤導的。實際上，「原則」並非行為的指導，毋寧說，它們只是名目，指涉處理道德問題時，一組有的待考量，但關係卻慮淺的事項。每一「原則」之間，未有系統性關係，且往往相互衡突。而這樣的衡突是無法解決的，蓋因未有統一化的道德理論，據之而推導出所有原則。為了作一比較，作者勾勒出使用一個統一化道德理論的優點。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 166 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
放棄知情同意: 一個尚未成熟的想法
Authors: WHITE Becky Cox , ZIMBELMAN Joel
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese在晚近對知情同意的批判裏，Robert Veatch論證， 這種實踐之發展目標，在原則上是無法達成的。筆者則認為，Veatch以病人最佳利益之決定在理論不可能性為焦點，被誤用到醫療的實踐學科裏，而且，他誤以為病人／醫生的溝通，無法提供確保病人最佳利益的知識。筆者亦將推斷，Veatch倡議的那種以價值為基礎的專業配對，根據他自己的標準來看，是不可能落實的。最後，我們要重新檢視知情同意在哲學和實踐上的成立理由，並歸結核實踐應該保留下來。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 17 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
導言: 確定死亡之醫學及哲學問題
Authors: LO Ping-cheung
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.確定死亡要分開三個層次：死亡的定義、死亡的判準、死亡的測試；當中既有醫學問題﹒也有哲學問題。“全腦死亡”（簡稱腦死亡）的提出，並非要修改傳統對死亡的定義；全腦死亡只是一個新的死亡判準，在死亡的測試上既可用新的腦功能測試，但也不排斥傳統的心肺功能測試，視情況而定。因此，全腦死亡判準，並沒有提出一個新的死亡觀來取代舊的死亡觀。反對全腦死亡判準的意見走向二個極端。有些人認為全腦死亡只是一個人的死亡的必要但非充分條件，還需心肺死亡配合才構成充分條件。但另一些人則認為，全腦死亡是作為萬物之靈的人之死亡的既非充分也非必要條件；真正的必要（或甚至充分）條件是上腦（大腦）死亡。要徹底處理這些醫學爭論問題，無可避免地我們要問“死亡是甚麼？”“生命是甚麼？”及進一步追問“人是甚麼？”這些哲學問題。This essays begins by noting the brief history of "updating" death since the Harvard Medical School Report in 1968. The deficiencies of this report are noted and the background of the President's Commission's Report on "Defining Death" are briefly explained. The author then discusses and endorses the three-fold distinction in the determination of death as suggested by other scholars, viz., the definition of, the criterion of, and the tests for death. While the test for death is basically a medical issue, and that the definition of death is basically a philosophical issue, the criterion of death is both medical and philosophical.Since the People's Republic of China does not have any brain death legislation, and since some recent Chinese biomedical ethics textbooks have an inaccurate understanding of brain death, the present author summarizes the major theses of "Defining Death" by the President's Commission of 1981. It is pointed out that the idea of "brain death" does not indicate a new definition of death; it only advocates a new criterion of death, and a new way of testing death (neurological) in addition to the conventional way of testing death (cardiac-pulmonary). Hence the precise idea of "brain death" is not as radical as some Chinese interpreters think it to be.This essay also analyzes the criticism of brain death criterion both from the left and from the right. The Jewish position, as articulated by Hans Jonas and others, that brain death is not the sufficient condition of human death is explained. The present author points out that Jonas' idea that the argument for brain death is value-laden is vindicated by many Chinese writings on biomedical ethics. The position in the other extreme, viz., whole brain death is not even a necessary condition of the death of persons, is also explained. The arguments in its favor and against it are both critically analyzed. The serious mistake of many Chinese writings of equating the condition of persistent vegetative state with whole brain death is criticized. The author also notes that according to Buddhist views, pvs patients still possess some degree of consciousness and hence should not be deemed dead.The philosophical issue of "what is death?" necessarily leads to another issue, viz., what is the nature of human life? The ancient Chinese discussions of the nature of the soul (shen) and the body-mind (xing-shen) problem are briefly discussed. The author points out the relevance of these discussions to the contemporary reflection on the nature of human death.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 27 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
導言
Authors: QIU Ren-Zong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese我們用“遺傳學與倫理學”為題作為最後一期來告別20世紀和舊的千年，迎接新的21 世紀和新的千年。20世紀的最大科學技術成就之一是我們深入人類細胞核的秘密，圍繞發現DNA 的雙螺旋結構和人類基因組計劃建立了新的遺傳學和人類基因工程。在新的21 世紀，可以預期隋著人類基因組DNA的測序和繪圖的完成，人類基因結構、功能和表達的調控的進一步暸解，醫學將發生新的革命。一方面，人類的疾病將得到進一步的控制，其中許多將得到治療，人類的健康將得到進一步的維護和促進，預期壽命將大為延長，生命質量將不會因壽命延長而日益降低；但另一方面人類的生老病死的自然安排將更加被人工安排所排擠，由此提出的社會、倫理和法律問題將更加尖銳，不同道德共同體和不同文化在這些問題上的碰撞將更加激烈。生命倫理學在這些領域上的學術爭論和政策分析將給21世紀的人類帶來更多的“光”和“泉”（培根）。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 11 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
“扮演上帝”與生殖系干預
Authors: PETERS Ted
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese對於新聞記者來說如此熟悉的短語“扮演上帝”在關於生殖系的遺傳干預的爭論中顯現出重要的意義。雖然在“扮演上帝”這個短語中蘊含著人類自鳴得意所帶來的危險，但在這裏特別注意基督教的那種按神的形象創造的人的概念。人類被賜予了“被創造的創造夥伴”的稱號。有鑒於此，在考查和反駁禁止生殖系干預的倫理時，以一種開放的態度來讓這一世代對我們後代擔負創造性的責任。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 16 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從無效到病人分類
Authors: GATTER Robert A. , MOSKOP John C.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese無效概念決定著➀對持久植物狀態（PVS）病人提供生命支援治療是否是適當的；➁對絕症晚期病人提供監護（ICU）是否是適當的（這兩類病例以下稱為“範例病例”）。對人的生命價值含義的基本分歧妨礙了無效概念的應用。病人分類規劃（確立醫療保健優先權標準的程式）是闡述這些範例病例的一個引人注目的選擇性框架。病人分類規劃允許社會從以下各個角度去考慮這些範例病例：各種不同的道德觀念、有限的資源、相爭的醫療保健需求。另外，範例病例至少提出了這樣一個實質性問題：對其治療是否為浪費？病人分類規劃能否成為鑒定和評估這類浪費的治療的有效模式。本文論述了如何實施病人分類規劃以闡述範例病例問題，並最終得出結論－－按規劃提供了一個超出無效範圍來推進範例病例爭端的方法。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 15 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
醫學道德的內在和外在標準
Authors: BEAUCHAMP Tom L.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese醫學倫理學結論的基礎和依據何在？這些基礎和依據是內在還是外在的？根據近來的討論，有三種不同的說法：一種是內在的解釋；一種是外在的解釋；還有一種是內在因素和外在因素給合的解釋。第一種是從醫學角度以及專業實踐的標準中發展一套倫理觀。第二種解釋醫學倫理學中的規範是以外在的標準為依據。例如公眾的意見、法律、宗教倫理觀或哲學倫理觀等。第三種則認為個別的醫學倫理權是從個別的文化架構產生出來的，而每一種文化都有管制醫生的規範。每一種觀點都有可取之處，但每一種也不足以支持它自己的論辯以及無法結合其他觀點中合理和可取的部分。本文建議的第四種解釋，它既可以提供一個避開上述三種觀點的限制的方法。同時又能保留每一種觀點當中最可圈可點的特徵。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 15 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Impacto de los costos en el margen bruto empresiarial. Caso de la Empresa de mariscos Dispromar
Authors: Triviño Mendoza Brenda Mariela , García Chiriguaya Elisa María , Campos Rocafuerte Hugo Federico
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la determinación de los costos y su incidencia en el margen bruto, efectuada desde un enfoque aplicativo a la información relacionada con los costos de procesamiento y el bene cio directo de la actividad de la empresa. Con su nombre comercial la empresa Dispromar fue el objeto de este estudio, se identi có la necesidad de determinar adecuadamente el costo real de procesamiento del producto, habiéndose detectado que el limitado conocimiento en la asignación de costos afecta directamente al margen bruto. Al no contar con un manual de políticas y procedimientos que establezca las actividades, la información no es llevada de forma idónea, provocando problemas desde la adquisición y utilización de materia prima directa, mano de obra directa y costos indirectos de producción y venta. La rotación del producto es inmediata al ser perecible, no existiendo además un adecuado registro operativo de su inventario, provocando inconsistencias en sus registros. De la metodología de este trabajo de investigación descriptivo es de carácter mixto; es decir, abarca un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo ya que con su debida interpretación se permitirá mostrar el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una in uencia positiva en el precio nal del producto, además de tener claridad acerca de nuevas inversiones a realizarse. Se espera que pueda servir de guía para futuros investigadores que puedan aplicar normativas internacionales eliminando la improvisación
Análisis de los costos ocultos en el proceso de producción industrial
Authors: Ramírez Casco Andrea Del Pilar , Sanandrés Alvarez Luis Germán , Ramírez Garrido Raúl Germán
Published: March 2021

La globalización, ha generado que los diversos mercados se vuelvan más competitivos, determinándose que una forma de afrontar esta competencia es reduciendo los costos; sin embargo, existen costos que aún no se han podido determinar e incluso identi car, a los cuales se les denomina costos ocultos, lo que implica que se cargue costos estimados en base a la experiencia de los propietarios y de los precios de la competencia. La investigación se fundamenta en el análisis de costos ocultos, conocidos como disfuncionamientos, los cuales son el resultado de la interacción entre las estructuras organizacionales y el comportamiento humano porque estos costos no son evidenciados desde la perspectiva del razonamiento contable y la intangibilidad de las operaciones y son ignorados en la toma de decisiones. En efecto para determinar los costos se debe determinar métodos y modelos que permitan evaluar el costo y desempeño con la gestión socioeconómica. En tal sentido la presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar un análisis de los costos ocultos en las empresas industriales a partir de perspectivas contables y económicas; la investigación es de tipo bibliográ ca, para comprender hechos y fenómenos relevantes durante todo el proceso de investigación.
Escándalos financieros: delitos penales en el caso ODEBRECHT - Ecuador
Authors: Hidalgo Toalombo Karen Mishell , Villacis Lescano Johanna Aracely , Cocha Vásquez Angie Somalí
Published: March 2021

La investigación se orientó a sintetizar los delitos penales que han surgido en el Ecuador tras el caso Odebrecht, mismos que son sucesos contrarios a la ley cometidos con dolo que atenta contra los principios y derechos que garantiza la ley, y son penados de acuerdo al Código Orgánico Integrado Penal del país. El estudio se encuentra estructurado en tres partes principales, en un inicio se identifica los antecedentes del caso realizados años anteriores, posteriormente una pequeña reseña de la empresa Odebrecht y sus relaciones con el Ecuador, y finalizamos con el detalle de los delitos penales que surgieron de estas relaciones. El método de investigación en este estudio parte de la investigación deductiva, ya que se iniciará de un contexto general como son los escándalos financieros, para así detallar los delitos penales que se presentaron en el caso Odebrecht-Ecuador. A su vez se utilizará la investigación cualitativa, puesto que se realizará una descripción de los delitos penales que se expusieron en dicho caso, es por ello que se recurrirá a la recolección de fuentes secundarias tales como internet, libros, leyes, tesis, artículos y páginas verídicas a los hechos como procuraduría, fiscalía, entre otras que tienen la capacidad de hacer público los hechos que se dan en el país. Con la información obtenida, concluimos que los delitos penales en este caso fueron ejecutados por varios funcionaros públicos y privados de Ecuador mediante sobornos, mismos que traen efectos negativos en la sociedad.
Técnicas del ejercicio del poder interviniente en la formación del juicio profesional del auditor, desde la perspectiva de Foucault
Authors: Valderrama Yosman
Published: March 2021

El poder interviniente en la formación del juicio profesional del auditor está representado por un conjunto de relacionamientos sociales que ejercen influencia sobre la decisión racional del contable, su efecto de dominación se desarrolla a partir de estrategias globalizadoras o cuantitativas e individualizantes o cualitativas. En este sentido, la presente investigación se centró en describir las técnicas del ejercicio del poder interviniente en la formación del juicio profesional del auditor desde la perspectiva de Foucault. El enfoque epistemológico adoptado lo fundamentó los postulados de Foucault (1988) desarrollado a partir de la interacción del investigador con siete (07) auditores profesionales en actividad, cuyo relato se obtuvo a través de la aplicación de historias de vida como técnica de investigación. Dentro de las consideraciones finales, el ejercicio del poder interviniente en la formación del juicio profesional del auditor se fortalecen la aplicación de técnicas de totalización, cuya esencia se enfoca en dirigir la conducta del auditor hacia campos específicos de una manera global; así  como, en técnicas de individualización que ejerce una conducción particular del sujeto, y atiende parámetros que consideran la particularidad del auditor.
Análisis de la Administración financiera en el Sector Público
Authors: Ramírez Casco Andrea Del Pilar , Calderón Moran Edison Vinicio
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación se basa en realizar un análisis de la Administración Financiera en el sector público, llegando a considerar una medición a través del uso de los presupuestos y el cumplimiento de sus competencias con eficacia, con el fin de resaltar la importancia que tiene el uso como potencial informativo a la hora de examinar la situación financiera de las entidades públicas, para poder evaluar su cumplimiento con relación al servicio que presta a la ciudadanía, los resultados de este trabajo brindarán a la sociedad una información sistematizada de la realidad financiera de las entidades  púbicas, la cual será de gran importancia para la toma de decisiones por parte de los distintos sujetos interesados en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones y mejoras en la gestión financiera , así como también servirá de guía para que el sector público  puedan tener una información financiera que permita comparar  con otras de su segmento por  la actividad que desarrolla.  Finalmente, para analizar la Administración Financiera de cada entidad, este estudio compilará indicadores que midan el desempeño y los resultados de su gestión, la cual permite tener una visión integral de la situación en la que se encuentran estas, y el servicio que dan a la comunidad.
Verificación de datos de tala ilegal mediante herramientas geoespaciales
Authors: Rosero Minda Byron Efrén , De Decker María
Published: March 2021

Las tecnologías geoespaciales son ampliamente utilizadas en procesos gubernamentales de gestión territorial. Su creciente disponibilidad en los países del hemisferio sur amerita la formación de recursos humanos calificados para evitar riesgos en las acciones institucionales de control por errores u omisiones que determinen litigios con los regulados. Como ejemplo, fue analizado el proceso sancionatorio 027-2015 de la Autoridad Ambiental Nacional (AAN) de Ecuador, que identificó aumento de la frontera agrícola por tala no autorizada en el Área de Amortiguamiento de la Reserva Ecológica El Ángel. Se planteó verificar la referencia espacial de los datos de ubicación obtenidos por la AAN y la delimitación del área de afectación ambiental, con la hipótesis de sobredimensionamiento. Con el uso de herramientas CAD, GIS, Google Earth y técnicas como fotointerpretación, georeferenciación y replanteo de coordenadas in situ, se llegó a determinar que el área de la afectación señalada por la AAN en 0,68 hectáreas (ha) fue sobredimensionada en 0,3785 ha (55,04 %) mientras que 0,3092 ha (44,96 %) si fueron deforestadas Se asume que las coordenadas obtenidas por la AAN no muestran el área real de afectación debido a probables errores humanos, instrumentales o ambientales en la toma datos. Las tecnologías geoespaciales se han convertido en cruciales en todos los niveles de gobierno y su uso requiere conocimientos especializados que favorecerán con menos errores y mayor efectividad en las tareas de regulación y control efectuadas por las instituciones gubernamentales.
El portafolio como herramienta que fortalece la reflexión de la práctica en la formación inicial docente
Authors: Valdivia Guzmán Jorge
Published: March 2021

En la formación inicial docente, la adquisición de aprendizajes disciplinares y pedagógicos del futuro profesional se consideran como relevantes al momento de evaluar su proceso formativo en la educación superior, más aún cuando su actuación en la práctica progresiva y final se ve reflejada al momento de responder a las exigencias y necesidades atingentes a la realidad educativa. Lo expuesto se puede evidenciar a través de un portafolio educativo.El portafolio educativo se define como una colección de recursos impresos o digitales (informes, pautas de trabajo, fotografías, videos, etc.) relacionados, en este caso, con el quehacer pedagógico, y representa una oportunidad para el futuro docente de hacer una reflexión crítica de su accionar con respecto al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el cual está supeditado a su participación y deliberación al momento de ingresar al centro educativo.Este artículo busca evidenciar la relevancia del uso del portafolio en la formación inicial docente, en donde la colaboración dialógica entre el profesor y los futuros docentes, y estos últimos con los estudiantes, permitan entre otros aspectos promover la práctica reflexiva, el compartir sus logros o experiencias obtenidas de su entorno profesional de modo que el análisis individual y colectivo propenda a mejorar su desempeño en la futura práctica profesional, espacio en donde la autonomía y decisiones pedagógicas son elementos críticos de éxito para su inserción en la educación.La recopilación de la información documental e investigativa enriquecerá el carácter compilativo argumentativo de la temática en cuestión, con el objeto de exhibir distintas visiones de las aportaciones del portafolio educativo para la praxis del futuro docente, lo que conllevaría a evaluar su incorporación en la formación del pregrado en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Concepción.
Fármacos para o tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2: interferência no peso corporal e mecanismos envolvidos
Authors: Souza Ana Karine de Andrade , Araújo Igor Cézar Roque de , Oliveira Fernando De Sousa
Published: March 2021

A quantidade de pessoas obesas vem crescendo significativamente em todo o mundo. Esse fato representa um risco para o aumento do número de portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A farmacoterapia do diabetes pode alterar o peso corporal, auxiliando tanto na perda como no ganho ponderal. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar os fármacos utilizados no tratamento da diabetes tipo 2 que podem interferir no peso corporal, a fim de auxiliar os profissionais na orientação de indivíduos portadores da doença. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados: SciELO, Scholar Google, PubMed, BVS e Portal de Periódicos Capes, a partir de trabalhos publicados entre 2010 e 2019. Observou-se que as biguanidas, os inibidores da α-glicosidade, os análogos de incretinas, os análogos da amilina e os inibidores do cotransportador de sódio/glicose acarretam perda de peso. Por outro lado, as sulfonilureias, as meglitinidas e as glitazonas conferem ganho de peso ao paciente. Sendo assim, a prescrição desses fármacos deve ser feita de maneira individualizada.
Surgical treatment of retroiliac ectopic ureters with secondary hydronephrosis and hydroureter in a dog
Authors: Griffin Maureen A. , Culp William T. N. , Munro Matthew J. L. , Palm Carrie A. , Wanamaker Mason W.
Published: March 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

An 8-month-old 41.2-kg (90.6-lb) sexually intact male Dogue de Bordeaux with urinary incontinence and signs of nausea was referred for further evaluation and treatment of bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and ectopic ureters.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Clinicopathologic analyses revealed urine specific gravity and serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine within reference limits. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT revealed unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism, ureters that bilaterally passed dorsal to and appeared compressed by the external iliac arteries (retroiliac ureters), and bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and ectopic ureters. On CT, minimal uptake of contrast medium by the right kidney indicated either a lack of renal function or ureteral obstruction.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy, right ureteronephrectomy, left neoureterocystostomy, bilateral castration, and incisional gastropexy without complication and was discharged 2 days postoperatively. Eleven days after surgery, the dog had improved but continued urinary incontinence, improved left hydronephrosis and hydroureter, and serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine within reference limits. At 24 months after surgery, the dog was reportedly clinically normal, other than having persistent urinary incontinence.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

To our knowledge, this was the first report of a dog with retroiliac ureters and compression-induced ureteral obstruction with secondary hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Retroiliac ureters should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young dogs with ureteral obstruction. Our findings indicated that a good outcome was possible for a dog with retroiliac ureters treated surgically; however, the presence of additional congenital anomalies should be considered and may alter the prognosis in dogs with retroiliac ureters.
Lymphoid leukemia in five bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Hepps Keeney Caitlin M. , Intile Joanne L. , Sims Cory S. , Harrison Tara M.
Published: March 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

2 male and 3 female adult bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) were evaluated at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine's Exotic Animal Medicine Service between September 2018 and October 2019 because of severe lymphocytosis.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

All 5 bearded dragons had nonspecific clinical signs, including lethargy, poor appetite, ocular discharge, and weight loss. Clinicopathologic testing revealed extremely high lymphocyte counts with morphological findings consistent with lymphocytic leukemia.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

All 5 patients were treated with lomustine, prednisolone, and antimicrobials. In addition, 1 or 2 doses of L-asparaginase were administered when the drug was available. Partial remission was achieved in all 5 patients. One patient, after disease progression was documented, was treated with cyclophosphamide and achieved a second partial remission. One of the 5 patients was still alive and continuing to receive chemotherapy at the time of final follow-up 244 days after the initial diagnosis. Survival times (ie, times from initial diagnosis to euthanasia) for the other 4 patients were 57, 157, 330, and 416 days.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The present report represented the first description of lomustine as a primary chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of lymphocytic leukemia in bearded dragons and provided information on response to treatment, adverse effects, and survival times.
Characterizing the use of class rank in evaluating applicants for veterinary internship and residency positions
Authors: Kendall Lon V. , Nelson Victoria R. , Frye Melinda A.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

To characterize how class rank and other criteria are used to evaluate applicants for veterinary internship and residency positions.

SAMPLE

Program directors for 572 internship and residency programs.

PROCEDURES

A survey was sent to program directors asking them to score the importance of 7 items (cover letter, letters of reference, curriculum vitae, veterinary class rank, grade point average, grades for classes specifically related to the internship or residency specialty area, and interview) they could use in evaluating applicants for an internship or residency and to rank those 7 items, along with an open item asking participants to list other criteria they used, from most to least important.

RESULTS

Responses were obtained for 195 internship and 222 residency programs. For both internship programs and residency programs, mean importance scores assigned to the 7 items resulted in the same ordering from most to least important, with letters of reference, interview, curriculum vitae, and cover letter most important. Rankings of the importance of the 7 items, along with an “other” item, were similar for internship and residency programs; the most important item was a candidate's letters of reference, followed by the interview, cover letter, and curriculum vitae.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that although most veterinary internship and residency programs consider class rank and overall grade point average when evaluating applicants, these 2 items were not the most important. For both internship and residency programs, the most important items were an applicant's letters of reference, followed by the interview, cover letter, and curriculum vitae.
Repensar la educación en los tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Navarro Martínez Sergio Iván
Published: March 2021

Es un privilegio y honor escribir un editorial de una revista histórica de la Universidad Veracruzana. Nuestros tiempos nos demandan incentivar procesos de reflexión sobre los desafíos actuales de todos los niveles educativos.A un año de la contingencia sanitaria a causa del SARS-COV-2 (mejor conocido por coronavirus), y en medio de una crisis económica y ambiental, algunos aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana se han visto drásticamente modificados debido al distanciamiento social. Durante este tiempo los sistemas de salud y educativo han promovido la sana distancia para mitigar la propagación del virus.Como sociedad estamos ante el desafío de repensar nuestro andar por el mundo. Hoy más que nunca necesitamos trascender de lo individual a lo colectivo para incidir en acciones que denoten un sentido y significado desde y para con quienes interactuamos cotidianamente.A pesar de que el sistema educativo pocas veces es tocado en sus fibras más finas, hoy la pandemia lo ha puesto en jaque, ha evidenciado su fragilidad y, al mismo tiempo, su capacidad de adaptación. Dicha capacidad la podemos encontrar en el tránsito de una modalidad presencial a una virtual para dar continuidad a la formación académica de las y los estudiantes de todos los niveles educativos. En poco tiempo se reestructuraron las actividades de los programas de estudio para implementarlos en línea y a distancia; tanto estudiantes como docentes iniciamos una rápida alfabetización digital para adaptarnos a los requerimientos que la educación en la nueva normalidad nos demanda.
Identidades juveniles indígenas: influencia de las transiciones a contextos universitarios y urbanos. El caso de Chiapas, México
Authors: Gallegos Martínez Gabriela , Cruz Salazar Tania
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo analiza los procesos de cambio y construcción de la identidad étnica de jóvenes indígenas universitarios. Se utilizó el método etnográfico y elementos de la perspectiva curso de vida para la producción de la información. Las personas participantes pertenecen a tres universidades de Chiapas con diferentes modelos pedagógicos: el convencional, el intercultural y el intercultural bilingüe. Los hallazgos señalan que el proceso de cambio y construcción de la identidad étnica está influenciado por dos momentos en el curso de vida de estas y estos jóvenes. El primero es la transición al contexto urbano, en el cual se presentan las fases identitarias de adaptación y negación. El segundo es la transición a la universidad, en la cual se identificó la fase de revaloración. Esta adquirió diferentes matices en cada institución dependiendo del contexto, discurso universitario, así como de las interacciones con docentes y estudiantes.
Esophagus atresia and duodenal obstruction: report of two cases
Authors: Tavares Júlio , Basso Mauro , Miyasaki Andrea , Parreira Ricardo , Menezes Heloisa
Published: March 2021

Esophageal atresia, with or without tracheoesophageal fistula, and congenital duodenal obstructions are relatively frequent changes in the digestive tract in pediatric surgery. The combination of both, although described in the literature, is unusual. It is assumed that the early diagnosis with imaging tests and the combined surgical schedule, although still undefined, can reduce the mortality of these children. We report the cases of two newborns with esophageal atresia and congenital duodenal obstruction, concerning diagnosis, surgical treatment and clinical evolution.
Application of adaptive ensemble neural network method for short-term load forecasting electrical engineering complex of regional electric grid
Authors:   Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Serebryakov N. A.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the accuracy of short-term load forecasting of electrical engineering complex of regional electric grid with the use deep machine learning tools. The effectiveness of the application of the adaptive learning algorithm for deep neural networks for short-term load forecasting of this electrical complex has been investigated. The issues of application of convolutional and recurrent neural networks for short-term load forecasting are considered. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of the short-term load forecasting of electrical engineering complex of regional electric grid obtained using the ensemble neural network method and single neural networks are produced
Fiber optic control system for geotechnical parameters of mine
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kаzakh Agrotechnical University, Mekhtiyev A. D. , Soldatov A. I. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Neshina Ye. G. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Alkina A. D. ,   Karaganda Technical University
Published: March 2021

In the article a fiber-optic method for monitoring rock pressure is considered, as well as the magnitude of the displacement of the layers of the stope hanging wall is measured. The authors analyze the applied rock pressure testing methods. The reasons for the need to create a safe system are given, the main requirement of which is the condition of compliance with all safety requirements during mining operations. The developed quasi-distributed fiber-optic system is capable of measuring with high accuracy changes in rock pressure and displacement of roof rocks in an explosive environment, also does not require expensive equipment associated with the use of a range of analyzers and reflectometers. A scheme has been proposed to simplify the testing process. The results of dependences of additional optical losses on the applied force are obtained