bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasilinear Fractional Neumann Problems
Authors: Mugnai Dimitri , Proietti Lippi Edoardo
Published: November 2024

We study a quasilinear fractional problem with fractional Neumann boundary conditions. Improving previous results, we also provide the weak formulation of solutions without regularity assumptions and we provide and example, even in the linear case, for which such a regularity cannot indeed be assumed.
Italian Sustainable Living – Survey About Sustainable Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours Among the Italian Population
Authors: Miotto Edoardo , Favero Beatrice , Smaniotto Cecilia , Saramin Anna , Cannone Silvia , Francesca Furmenti Maria , Palandri Lucia , Adamo Giovanna , Voglino Gianluca , Parpinel Maria , Brunelli Laura
Published: November 2024

Education and knowledge are essential for fostering sustainable living, that will help protect our planet, promote health and socio-economic development. This study investigated sustainable living knowledge and behaviours among the Italian general population. A 40-item questionnaire was created to assess knowledge, awareness and attitudes in 8 domains: house, energy, food, personal care, shopping, transportation, waste, water and other consumption. The questionnaire was distributed online between January and June 2023. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to assess the relationship between all the variables surveyed. Among the 420 people participated (66% female, median age of 39 years), 76% had a higher-level education degree, and 72% had never participated in a sustainability initiative. Knowledge about sustainability was lower in the domains of shopping (70.6%) and transportation (85.0%). The fewest behaviours acted/products used were found in the domains of personal care (31.3%) and transportation (47.8%). Positive associations were found between the use/adoption of sustainable items and knowledge about sustainability (aOR: 1.38, CI: 1.35–1.41), and previous inherent educational activities (aOR: 1.04, CI: 1.03–1.06). Age, region of residence and urbanization context were factors that discontinuously influenced the implementation of the considered items for transportation and food. Improvements are needed to close the gap between knowledge and action, especially in the domain of personal care. A better understanding of the factors that play a role in non-use of transportation will help to develop measures to promote sustainability and societal wellbeing.
Cooperation-Oriented Multi-Modal Shared Mobility for Sustainable Transport: Developments and Challenges
Authors: Chen Xingguang , Deng Hepu , Guan Shuqi , Han Faxing , Zhu Zihuan
Published: November 2024

There is an increasing adoption of shared mobility for improving transport systems performance, reducing excessive private vehicle use, and making full utilization of existing infrastructure. Despite numerous studies in exploring the use of shared mobility for sustainable transport from different perspectives, how it has improved the sustainability of existing transport and what impact it has on various stakeholders are unclear. A systematic literature review, therefore, is carried out in this study on developing and adopting shared mobility for pursuing sustainable transport in urban traveling. Four emerging themes including (a) attitude and intention, (b) cooperation behaviors, (c) operations and decisions, and (d) performance evaluation have been identified, and some research gaps and challenges are discussed. An integrated framework for developing cooperation-oriented shared mobility is proposed. This leads to better understanding of share mobility and its use for sustainable transport.
A Review of Emerging Cytogenetic and Molecular Approaches in Identifying Abnormalities in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: EL MAHDAOUI Chaimae , Dehbi Hind , Cherkaoui Siham
Published: November 2024

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a diverse hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid precursors. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic alterations associated with ALL is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the development of effective treatment strategies. This review explores recent advancements in cytogenetic and molecular techniques, including updates to the World Health Organization’s classification of both B-cell and T-cell ALL, with a focus on new and emerging methodologies.
Recent cytogenetic analyses have revealed a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, including Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) abnormalities, which are associated with distinct genomic alterations often linked to poor prognosis. These abnormalities involve complex rearrangements and mutations impacting multiple signaling pathways, particularly those involving key oncogenes such as ABL1 and CRLF2.
In addition, molecular studies have identified critical mutations beyond traditional markers, highlighting new entities such as DUX4 gene rearrangements and alterations in the TP53 pathway. Emerging techniques, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and optical genome mapping (OGM), are providing deeper insights into the intricate landscape of genetic alterations in ALL. OGM, as an alternative to NGS, offers unique advantages in detecting structural variations and providing a more comprehensive genomic overview. These advancements not only enhance our understanding of leukemogenesis but also reveal potential therapeutic targets. Grasping these developments is essential for refining prognostic assessments and guiding personalized treatment approaches in both B-cell and T-cell ALL.
Self-Supervised and Zero-Shot Learning in Multi-modal Raman Light Sheet Microscopy
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Kern Johann , Raedle Matthias
Published: November 2024

Advancements in Raman Light Sheet Microscopy have provided a powerful, non-invasive, marker-free method for imaging complex 3D biological structures, such as cell cultures and spheroids. By combining 3D-tomograms made by Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and fluorescence detection, this modality captures complementary spatial and molecular data, critical for biomedical research, histology, and drug discovery. Despite its capabilities, Raman Light Sheet Microscopy faces inherent limitations, including low signal intensity, high noise levels, and restricted spatial resolution, which impede the visualization of fine subcellular structures. Traditional enhancement techniques like Fourier transform filtering, and spectral unmixing require extensive preprocessing and often introduce artifacts. More recently, deep learning techniques, which have shown great promise in enhancing image quality, face their own limitations. Specifically, conventional deep learning models require large quantities of high-quality, manually labeled training data for effective denoising and super-resolution tasks, which is challenging to obtain in Multi-modal microscopy. In this study, we address these limitations by exploring advanced zero-shot and self-supervised learning approaches, such as ZS-DeconvNet, Noise2Noise, Noise2Void, Deep Image Prior (DIP) and Self2Self, which enhance image quality without the need for labeled and large datasets. This study offers a comparative evaluation of mentioned zero-shot and self-supervised learning methods, evaluating their effectiveness in denoising, resolution enhancement, and preserving biological structures in Multi-modal Raman light sheet microscopic images. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in image clarity, offering a reliable solution for visualizing complex biological systems. These methods pave the way for future advancements in high-resolution imaging, with broad potential for enhancing biomedical research and discovery.
Transcriptomic Study of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with HIV Infection
Authors: Labiad Yasmine , Baier Céline , Algarte-Génin Michèle , Besson Caroline , Prevot Sophie , Lepidi Hubert , Costello Régis Thierry
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Transcriptomic studies of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) have made it possible to distinguish several profiles, including Germinal Centres (GC) and Activated B-Cells. These different types present a different pathophysiology and evolution, which may lead to different treatments. However, these profiles were determined in patients not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas lymphomas in the immunocompromised present certain specific characteristics. We therefore set out to determine the transcriptomic profile of DLCL occurring in HIV patients, in order to more precisely determine the pathophysiology of the different subtypes and to identify deregulated molecular pathways that could have a theragnostic value.
Methods: We analysed 12 paraffin-embeddd samples of DLCL linked to HIV infection (two replicates per biological samples) using the Agilent's SurePrint G3 Human GE 8x60K v2 transccriptome chip. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the normalized data (quantile normalization) to define the groups that separate the samples according to their gene expression profile.
Results: From this sample of 12 DLCLs, we were able to clearly define two transcriptomic subgroups. Among the differences in gene expression, TP53 and BCL7A were overexpressed in cluster I, and BCL2 in cluster II. In terms of signalling pathways, the ‘immune system development’ pathway was under-expressed in cluster I and over-expressed in cluster II.
Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest the existence of two different transcriptomic signatures which certainly underlie significant differences in pathophysiology. These differences may be due to the specific tumour environment associated with HIV infection. Our very preliminary study will need to be continued with a larger number of patients, and integrate proteomic, metabolomic and clinical data in order to define a theragnostic approach.
Effect of Biopesticide Novochizol on Development of Stem Rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Wheat, T. aestivum L.
Authors: Shcherban Andrey B. , Skolotneva Ekaterina , Fedyaeva Anna V. , Boyko Natalya I , Fomenko Vladislav V.
Published: November 2024

The use of biological plant protection products is promising for agriculture. In particular, chitosan-based biopesticides have become widespread for stimulating growth and protecting plants from a wide range of pathogens. Novochizol is a product obtained by intramolecular cross-linking of linear chitosan molecules and has a globular shape, which provides it with a number of advantages over chitosan. Novochizol has previously been shown to have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the effect of this preparation on the protective mechanisms against rust diseases has not been studied before. Our studies have revealed the dose effect of the preparation on the development of stem rust of wheat. When treating plants with novochizol at a concentration of 0.125% four days before infection, the best results were obtained, namely: a stable reaction was observed and the number of pustules decreased. To identify critical points of the drug's effect on the protective mechanism against stem rust, we used an adrenaline test, which allows for a quick assessment of the pro/antioxidant status of plant extracts. As a result, 2 stages were identified in infected plants pre-treated with novochizol: early (up to 10 hours after inoculation), characterized by antioxidant activity, and late (10-244 hours) with prooxidant activity. These stages correspond to two peaks of accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to pathogen infection. The first peak is associated with the accumulation of superoxide anion O2−, which is converted into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide under the action of the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase). The second peak is associated with the accumulation of H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide performs a protective function leading to the death of pathogen mycelial cells. In comparison with infected plants without novochizol treatment, we found a decrease in the activity of catalase (an enzyme that breaks down H2O2) at both stages, as well as peroxidase in the interval from 10 to 144 hours after inoculation. Also, an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds was found in the treated infected plants. We suggest that these changes under the influence of pre-treatment with novochizol contribute to the enhancement of plant defense functions against stem rust. This work is a preliminary stage for an extended analysis of the effect of novochizol on plant immunity using biochemical and molecular genetic approaches.
Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Peru: A Review of Their Diversity and Host Specificity in the Country
Authors: Minaya David , Carolina Flores Bancayan , Pellón Juan J. , Iannacone José , Lareschi Marcela
Published: November 2024

In the Neotropical biogeographic region, there are about 290 known species and subspecies of fleas, which have as their main hosts in the Neotropics the subfamily Sigmodontinae. In Peru, more than 22 years have passed since the last list of known flea species was published. This study presents a review and update of the fleas recorded in Peru from 1908 to 2024. This list contains information on the flea species, their hosts, the localities in Peru where they were reported, the main references and some comments. In addition to the list, the specificity of flea-host interactions was assessed through the use of interaction networks. In the literature review, 86 flea species were found distributed among 9 families, 34 genera, and 19 subspecies. Regarding the hosts, these were made up of 72 species between mammals and birds (14 orders, 28 families, 54 genera) and seven undetermined ones. The flea-host interaction network exhibited a modular structure, indicating that these interactions tend to be specialized. A sigmodontine rodent (Akodon mollis) and a Rhopalopsyllidae flea (Polygenis litargus) were highly connected across modules and the overall network, thus were important to maintain the structure. This review contributes to the knowledge of fleas in Peru, synthesizing the scattered information and providing information on the interaction they have with their hosts.
Genomic Characterization of Clinical Brucella melitensis Isolates from Tunisia: Integration into the Global Population Structure
Authors: Ferjani Asma , Buijze Hellen , Kopprio Germán , Köhler Susanne , Rehaiem Amel , Battikh Hajer , Ammari Lamia , Ferjani Sana , Kanzari Lamia , Zribi Meriam , Kilani Badreddine , Hanschmann Nicolle , Holger Scholz , Boutiba Ilhem
Published: November 2024

Brucellosis represents a significant global health concern that is endemic in many regions of the world. It is most prevalent in the Mediterranean region, especially in Maghreb (Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria). In Tunisia the diagnosis of human brucellosis is primarily based on serological tests and cultivation of the causative pathogen, without the knowledge of the underlying Brucella species or biovar. In addition, the scarcity of laboratories with adequate biosecurity measures to handle suspected specimen constitutes a significant challenge. Furthermore, the absence of full genome data limits our understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella in Tunisia in comparison to the strains circulating in the North African region and the world. In the present study, a total of 36 bacterial isolates derived from human patients diagnosed with brucellosis in Tunisia were subjected to examination. Real-time PCR confirmed all isolates as B. melitensis. In subsequent core genome-based MLST analysis (cgMLST) based on 2706 target genes, the isolates formed two separate but closely related clusters with a distance of 140 alleles. Intra-cluster diversity was 1 to 6 alleles. In the larger geographical context and in comparison to almost 1000 other Brucella genomes, the isolates showed the highest genetic relationship to B. melitensis isolates from Italy and Egypt with distances of 130 and 150 alleles, respectively. All isolates were most similar to biovar 3 genotype. Markedly, strains from a reported brucellosis outbreak in Austria were grouped closely (26 and 27 alleles respectively) together with strains from Tunisia, suggesting that this country may represent their geographical origin.
This research represents a significant advancement in our understanding of B. melitensis strains circulating in the Maghreb region, as it is the first study to elucidate the molecular characterization of strains isolated from humans in Tunisia. The cgMLST analysis of the strains provided information on the regional distribution of the strains and the association with neighboring countries and significant outbreaks in the region. The data will form the basis of a future reference framework for strains circulating in the Mediterranean region.
Definition of T-norms and T-conorms on Some Subfamilies of Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Hernandez-Varela Pablo , Talavera Francisco Javier , Cubillo Susana , Torres-Blanc Carmen , Elorza Jorge
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we obtain new t-norms and t-conorms on some important subfamilies of the set of functions from [0,1] to [0,1]. In particular, we define these new operators on the subsets of the functions that are convex, normal, normal and convex, the functions taking only the values 0 or 1 and its subset of the functions whose support is a finite union of closed intervals. These t-norms and t-conorms are generalized to the type-2 fuzzy sets framework.
UJI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU DAN DEBIT TERHADAP DAYA DAN EFISIENSI TURBIN AIR TIPE VORTEX
Authors: Kurniawan Miftakhul Na'im , Estriyanto Yuyun , Wijayanto Danar Susilo
Published: November 2024

The electrification ratio in Indonesia is currently still 87%. This means that there are still 8.5 million residents or the equivalent of 2500 villages that have not received electricity. Indonesia has a lot of potential for renewable energy such as water energy. 7 GW capacity from renewable energy, 66% of which comes from hydropower. The manufacture of pico-hydro scale power plants can be a cheap alternative. Pico-hydro can be applied to irrigation canals so that it can produce small-scale electrical energy. One type of water turbine that can be utilized is a vortex type water turbine. The study used experimental methods. The independent variables are variations in the number of blades 2, 4, and 6 and the distance between the blades and the outlet is 1 cm. The dependent variable of the research is the power and efficiency produced by the vortex water turbine. The data analysis technique in this study used quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The basin used is a conical basin type with the upper diameter is 40 cm, the lower/oulet diameter is 6.5 cm, and the height is 32 cm. The water discharge in this test has 7 variations, that is 1,12 l/s, 1,26 l/s, 1,54 l/s, 1,68 l/s, 1,82 l/s, 1,96 l/s, and 2,11 l/s. This test produced the highest electrical output power of 9.66 Watts, at a total of 2 blades, the discharge is 1,86 l/s. At the number of blades 6 at a discharge of 1.96 l / d is the highest efficiency value of 6.3%.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR GAMBAR TEKNIK SISWA KELAS X TKR II SMK NEGERI 2 KUPANG
Authors: Hasan Nur Azizah
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Project Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Elemen Gambar Teknik kelas X TKR II SMK Negeri 2 Kupang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Kupang tahun pelajaran 2023/2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre-Experimental One-Group Pretest-Posttest. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 32 siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model Project Based Learning. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan SPSS versi 29 dengan uji t diperoleh nilai signifikan ɑ = 0,001 < 0,05. Maka dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Project Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar Gambar Teknik siswa kelas X TRK II SMK Negeri 2 Kupang.
Menyusun Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Etika Digital dalam Mewujudkan Good and Smart Digital Citizenship
Authors: Abiyuna Thaufan , Yuliyani Leny , Apriyani Dwi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan media digital untuk membentuk etika yang baik agar dapat mewujudkan warga negara muda digital yang cerdas dan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan pendekatan mix method. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara, observasim dan dokumentasi di SMA Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penyusunan model dilakukan melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi yang menyeluruh serta mendalam sehingga menghasilkan komponen model pembelajaran seperti berikut: (1) pendekatan student center; (2) strategi yang digunakan adalah penggabungan pembelajaran berbasis nilai (value based education) dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning); (3) Metode pembelajaran menggunakan ceramah, diskusi, pembelajaran berkelompok, penugasan, dan presentasi; (4) menggunakan taktik problem social meeting dan brain storming. (5) materi memuat integrasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam konteks bermedia digital; (6) Media pembelajaran berbasis digital; dan (7) instrumen evaluasi disusun secara sumatif dan formatif. Selain itu, komponen model dikembangkan menjadi sintak yang jelas dan mudah dilaksanakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci: etika digital, model pembelajaran, warga negara muda
The Exploration of EFL Teachers’ Technological Practices in Indonesian Schools
Authors: Mali Yustinus Calvin Gai
Published: November 2024

Indonesian schools in the post-pandemic situation and after the release of the national policy in Indonesia encourage teachers to integrate technology into their teaching practices. This study involved 111 EFL teachers from 21 provinces in Indonesia to answer a set of questions in an online closed-ended questionnaire that specifically asked about the teachers’ frequency of using technology for EFL teaching and learning purposes, the kinds of technology they used, specific purposes of using the technology, and perceptions and challenges of using technology for the teaching and learning purposes. All the responses were exported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel to perform descriptive statistics to answer the research questions of this study. The data analysis showed that the teachers spend around 4 hours a week using various technology for their EFL teaching and learning practices. They also have positive perceptions towards the use of technology regardless of the limited time to use the technology and various external factors (i.e., limited school facilities, school policy about bringing phones to school, and students’ lack of technological skills) that might pose potential challenges when integrating technology in their classrooms. Notably, sharing English learning materials, giving tasks to their students, and finding material resources related to lessons are the most common reasons for teachers to use technology. Practical recommendations to enhance the teachers’ skills in using technology in Indonesian school settings and directions for future research are discussed.
“I'm Afraid My Thesis Has Many Mistakes”: Thesis Writing Anxiety, Its Contributing Factors, and Alleviating Strategies
Authors: Kawengian Grisel Englin , Subekti Adaninggar Septi
Published: November 2024

The present study intends to investigate the possible contributing factors of thesis writing anxiety and the possible strategies that could be taken to help reduce thesis writing anxiety. For these purposes, this study conducted interviews with six Indonesian learners of English in English language departments and two Indonesian English lecturers who were thesis advisors. From Thematic Analysis, this study found two factors contributing to learners' anxiety. These were perceived inability to express ideas in good English writing and getting negative evaluations from their respective thesis advisor. Furthermore, three strategies were believed by both learners and advisors to help reduce learners' thesis writing anxiety. These included using grammar checker tools to improve writing quality and learning grammar, reading journal articles to improve learners’ mastery of the research topic, and creating a positive atmosphere for consultation sessions. Based on the findings, it is suggested, among others, that exposure to various academic texts and the use of grammar in academic contexts should be increased earlier in the curricula. Thesis advisors are also encouraged to show support and instill optimism. Contributions of this study are stated alongside several suggested directions for future studies.
Design Efficacy Evaluation of a Landscape Information Modeling–Stable Diffusion (LIM–SD)-based Approach for Ecological Engineered Landscaping Design: A Case Study of an Urban River Wetland
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Tianjie
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a Landscape Information Modeling–Stable Diffusion (LIM–SD)-based digital workflow for ecological engineered landscaping (EEL) design, focusing on urban river wetlands. It explores how students from diverse academic backgrounds perform EEL tasks using the LIM–SD approach. A total of 30 participants, including industrial design postgraduates and landscape architecture undergraduates and postgraduates, completed the design tasks. The efficacy of their designs was assessed through expert evaluations on site appropriateness, aesthetics, spatial layout, and eco-engineering techniques of the design proposals, as well as the parametric simulation which calculated the vegetation coverage rate and proportion of riparian areas for each design. Moreover, evaluation of participants' subjective design experiences was conducted via questionnaires. Results indicated that landscape architecture postgraduates outperformed others applying ecological engineering principles. The study also elucidated discrepancies between LIM models and SD-generated renderings, as well as the uncertainty of SD-generated renderings, suggesting improvements are needed to align digital outputs with ecological design criteria.
A completely foldable patch elastically encapsulated by bilayer microfluidics enables high-resolution electrical imaging at human-machine interfaces
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Hang Chen , Jiang Zhou , Rao Qingyan , Ding Li , Wu Lu , Zhao Xuan , Cai Wei , Qi Jie , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2024

The human-machine interface faces several challenges, including long-term stability, high resolution, and full flexibility. Especially for the heart-machine interface, these challenges are even harder to overcome because the heart is a moist, soft, and continuously and intensely moving organ with severe deformation. Current interfaces lack the capacity for both high-density electrodes and full flexibility. Additionally, the encapsulation processes they offer are neither swift nor efficient. To address these challenges, we developed a bilayer microfluidics-based method to elastically encapsulate high-resolution interfaces within the unique and demanding context of the heart. The encapsulation process requires only several minutes. The alignment-free method overcomes the limitations of packaging polymers and high-resolution aligners, enabling cost-effective, scalable manufacturing for interfaces and establishing three-dimensional (3D) circuits. We fabricated the completely flexible interface, which can fold (diameter < 3 mm) and be delivered into the chest through minimally invasive access. The heart-machine interface with high-resolution (~ 740 sensors/cm2) is long-term reliable (100% survival rate of functional channels) over 98-day implantation (> 3 months). It can accurately identify electrical heterogeneity for 3D high-resolution imaging in various scenarios, including living rat, rabbit, and dog models. This technology holds promise for advancing diverse human-machine interfaces for other organs and tissues, enabling the integration of multiple organs and even the whole body for comprehensive health management.
Monitoring Heat-Stress in Kenyan Farmers: Acceptability and Feasibility of Research-Grade Wearables
Authors: Kwaro Daniel , Mendt Stefan , Heim Zoe Hannah , Munga Stephen , Okoth Julius , Matzke Ina , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Bunker Aditi , Barteit Sandra , Maggioni Martina Anna
Published: November 2024

Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing increased heat events due to climate change, affecting health and productivity. Wearable technology, though promising for monitoring these impacts, is underexplored in this region. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of research-grade wearables in Kenyan subsistence farmers. In Siaya, Kenya, 48 farmers (50% women) were monitored for 14 days using wearable sensors for physiological (heart rate and core temperature), sleep, activity and geo-location data, and data loggers for environmental factors, including wet bulb globe temperature. Participants rated their experiences with wearables using a 5-point Likert scale. Acceptability was high, with over 95% reporting likability and minimal disruption to daily routines. Data availability ranged from 88% (actigraphy) to 100% (core temperature), with median completeness at 100% for most wearables. Women experienced higher heat strain than men. Overall, the study demonstrates that research-grade wearables are both highly acceptable and feasible for monitoring environmental impacts on work capacity and wellbeing in rural Africa.
Authors Sandra Barteit and Martina Anna Maggioni share the senior authorship.
Effect of Zinc on Improving Silver Diamine Fluoride-derived Tooth Discoloration in Vitro
Authors: Almulhim Abdullah , Valdivia-Tapia Astrid C. , Rocha Guilherme Roncari , Wu Yan , Mao Xinyue , Alomeir Nora , Benoit Danielle , Hara Anderson T. , Wu Tong Tong , Xiao Jin , Li Yihong
Published: November 2024

Background
Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is effective for arresting dental caries, presenting a valuable non-invasive treatment option in dentistry. Despite its therapeutic advantages, a significant drawback is the tooth discoloration that follows its application, which can affect patient acceptance. Addressing this aesthetic concern without diminishing the treatment's efficacy remains challenging in dental practice. This study explores strategies to improve the aesthetic outcomes of SDF treatments.
Methods
This in vitro study assessed the efficacy of Zinc in reducing SDF-induced discoloration on dentin blocks and examined its impact on the physical properties of dentin, including hardness and roughness. Dentin blocks were pre-treated with various concentrations of Zinc, followed by SDF application. Color changes were analyzed using Image J software, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the CytoTox-ONE™ Homogeneous Membrane Integrity Assay. Dentin surface characteristics, including micro-hardness and roughness, were assessed using scanning electron microscopy.
Results
The study results revealed a dose-dependent efficacy of Zinc in reducing discoloration caused by SDF on dentin, with higher Zinc concentrations showing better improvement in color outcomes. The application of a 20M Zinc solution prior to SDF treatment significantly reduced discoloration compared to SDF alone, measured on day 14. Additionally, no significant changes in the hardness or roughness of etched dentin were observed in Zinc + SDF group compared to the SDF alone group. Zinc treatments demonstrated a desirable outcome on mucosal cytotoxicity, comparable to that of the negative control.
Conclusion
Zinc significantly reduced SDF-induced tooth discoloration in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the etched dentin's micro-hardness and roughness, potentially improving patient acceptance, especially in visible areas of the mouth. Further research is warranted to validate the effectiveness of this zinc-enhanced treatment protocol in vivo.
Clinical Significance:
Zinc-enhanced SDF treatments could enhance patient acceptance, especially in visible areas of the mouth, offering an improved option for caries management.
Real-time fire detection algorithm on low-power endpoint device
Authors: Peng Ruoyu , Cui Chaoyuan , Wu Yun
Published: November 2024

Timely detection of fires can significantly reduce the damage caused by them. Current fire detection algorithms are rarely designed specifically for endpoint devices, which results in slow execution on these devices. To address this issue, we investigate the use of single-stage target detection methods for rapid and effective fire detection on endpoint chips equipped with Neural Processing Units(NPUs). Our algorithm is designed with consideration for factors not accounted for by indicator Floating Point Operations (FLOPs), as well as the unique characteristics of endpoint chips. We explore how different activation functions impact model execution speed and utilize quantization-friendly activation functions. We introduce a reparameterization module to address FLOPs limitations and optimize execution speed by aligning the input image resolution with sensor-captured images. Additionally, we use transfer learning techniques to improve model accuracy. Experimental results on the D-fire dataset indicate that our designed models offer advantages in terms of fast execution speed and competitive accuracy. Tests conducted on the endpoint chip reveal that the single-frame detection latency of our proposed two sizing models is 46 ms and 21 ms, respectively, which is significantly lower than that of YOLOv8, thereby placing minimal strain on the computing system. Furthermore, the accuracy is only slightly reduced compared to YOLOv8.
Exploring the phytochemical and biological activity of Cardaria draba: Insights into Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds
Authors: Eghbali Samira , Taleghani Akram , Moghimi Roya , Farhadi Faeghe , Hajizadeh Monireh , Sarayan Mahdieh Sadeghi
Published: November 2024

Cardaria draba has recently gained recognition as a versatile herbal remedy utilized in culinary applications and phytotherapy, particularly for addressing issues related to stomach acidification, rheumatism, and edema. This investigation involved the assessment of phytochemicals using LC-ESI-MS and GC-MS techniques, alongside evaluations of biological activities, including antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) and antibacterial properties (broth dilution method), across various extracts derived from the leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of Cardaria draba. A total of 62 components were identified through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, revealing phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins as key metabolites. The relationships among these metabolites were further elucidated through principal component analysis (PCA) and heat mapping. Notably, the extracts from the stems and flowers demonstrated the highest scavenging activity, with IC50 values recorded at 9.75 ± 0.74 and 8.14 ± 0.62 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol extracts from the leaves and flowers exhibited significantly stronger antibacterial effects compared to other extracts, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 6.25 and 12.5 µg/ml, respectively. The findings of this study provide scientific validation for the potential of C. draba as a source of antimicrobial agents and natural antioxidants, contributing to human health and food preservation.
HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Modalities and Service Delivery Preferences Among Black Cisgender Emerging and Older Adult Women in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Knight Deja , Saleem Haneefa , Baral Stefan , German Danielle , Willie Tiara C.
Published: November 2024

Background
Black cisgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV across the United States (US). Moreover, emerging adults continue to be significantly affected compared to women in older age groups. Yet in 2024, Black cisgender women and emerging adult women comprise a small fraction of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in the US. This study examined PrEP modality, service delivery, and marketing and communication preferences by age among Black cisgender women in Baltimore, Maryland.
Methods
Between October 2021 and April 2023, twelve Black cisgender PrEP-inexperienced emerging (18 to 29 years) and fourteen older (30 to 44 years) adult women were purposively recruited to participate in an in-depth interview. Interview topics included PrEP modality, service delivery, and marketing and communication preferences among the two currently approved modalities (oral and injectable) and the two modalities under investigation (ring and implant). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a combination of a deductive and inductive approach. Six follow-up member-checking interviews were also conducted.
Results
Emerging adult women preferred oral PrEP, but older adult women preferred long-acting injectable (LAI) forms of PrEP. Oral PrEP was preferred because it was considered the most common modality for other medications, whereas LAI was preferred because it didn’t necessitate no daily administration. Emerging Black adult women reported challenges with adhering to the routine PrEP three-month follow-up period, such as transport, scheduling appointments, conflicts with school engagements, and being in a period of transition into adulthood where they experience structural changes (e.g., health insurance). Transport was the only reported challenge for older adult women for follow-up. Both age groups preferred longer follow-up periods to refill their PrEP prescriptions and to obtain PrEP from a trusted physician (e.g., OBGYN). Both groups of Black women expressed a preference for PrEP to be advertised through diverse means including social media campaigns, sexual health forums, peer groups on college campuses, and by featuring Black women in PrEP commercials.
Conclusions
To improve PrEP equity and initiation among current and emerging PrEP modalities, it is crucial to better integrate the lived experiences and preferences of Black cisgender women and enhance their representation in PrEP messaging.
Links between large volcanic eruptions, basal mantle structures, and mantle plumes
Authors: Cucchiaro Annalise , Flament Nicolas , Arnould Maëlis , Cressie Noel
Published: November 2024

Mantle plumes rise from the deep Earth, creating large volcanic eruptions responsible for the emplacement of large volumes of magma at Earth’s surface over a few million years. Statistical relationships suggest that hot basal mantle structures generate mantle plumes and large volcanic eruptions through time. In previous studies, mantle plumes were the implicit process connecting surface volcanic eruptions to hot basal mantle structures. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal links between volcanic eruptions, hot basal mantle structures and explicitly modelled plume conduits from 300 million years ago. We consider three distinct volcanic eruption databases, four tomographic models and six global mantle flow models. We show that deep plumes generated above mobile basal mantle structures account for most of the record of large volcanic eruptions. Through Monte Carlo significance testing we find a statistical-dependence relationship between modelled plume conduits and an eruption database containing both plume head and plume tail products. We show that these eruptions, if reconstructed above the exterior of basal mantle structures, are related to the edges of fixed basal mantle structures in one tomographic model, and to the edges of mobile basal mantle structures 1% to 1.6% denser than the surrounding mantle in three mantle flow models.
The Relationship Between Disaster Literacy Levels and Disaster Preparedness Among Adults
Authors: GÜLSOY Ahmet , UYAN Yusuf , ÖZCAN Ebru , İSKENDER Mahinur DURMUŞ
Published: November 2024

The resilience of communities to disasters is an indicator of their preparedness for such events. It is crucial for prepared communities to integrate their disaster literacy—skills in understanding, perceiving, and evaluating disasters—into disaster preparedness actions. This study aims to determine the disaster literacy and disaster preparedness levels of adults and the factors influencing these levels. This correlational and cross-sectional study included 3861 participants. Data were collected online from June 2023 to July 2023 using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Disaster Literacy Scale, and the Disaster Preparedness Scale. Data analysis employed frequency analysis, skewness and kurtosis, the Independent Samples t-Test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive and significant relationship between disaster literacy and disaster preparedness (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Individuals with disaster experience had higher disaster literacy (Reduction, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery) and disaster preparedness scores compared to those without disaster experience (p < 0.05). However, lower education levels, decreased income, and increased average age were associated with reduced disaster literacy and disaster preparedness levels. This study is expected to make significant contributions to understanding the levels of disaster literacy and disaster preparedness in Turkey, a country prone to earthquakes and recently affected by one of the deadliest disasters, and to identify the factors influencing these levels and the relationship between disaster literacy and disaster preparedness.
NAB2::STAT6 Rearranged Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland with Sebaceous Differentiation: A Case Report
Authors: de Ruiter Emma J , Rijken Johannes A , Doeleman Thom , Kester Lennart A , Pameijer Frank A , Raicu Miahela G , Breimer Gerben E
Published: November 2024

The NAB2::STAT6 fusion is predominantly associated with solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and is utilized in diagnosing SFTs through nuclear STAT6 protein overexpression. Recent studies expanded the phenotypic spectrum of NAB2::STAT6 rearranged neoplasms, including adamantinoma-like and teratocarcinosarcoma-like phenotypes. We present a case of a NAB2::STAT6 rearranged epithelial tumor exhibiting sebaceous differentiation in the parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) revealed atypical basaloid cells, suggesting primary salivary gland carcinoma or metastasis. Histological examination showed basaloid-squamous cells with a monomorphic appearance containing foci of sebaceous differentiation, expressing pancytokeratin, p40, and androgen receptor, while CD34 staining was negative. Molecular studies identified a NAB2::STAT6 fusion, along with an AKT1 mutation. This case further expands the phenotypic spectrum of NAB2::STAT6 rearranged neoplasms and emphasizes comprehensive histopathological and molecular analysis in challenging head and neck tumors. It suggests STAT6 immunohistochemistry as a potential screening tool for head and neck tumors resembling sebaceous carcinoma, myoepithelial tumors, or GLI1-altered neoplasms.
Fast hierarchical processing of orthographic and semantic parafoveal information during natural reading
Authors: Jensen Ole , Wang Lijuan , Frisson Steven , Pan Yali
Published: November 2024

Readers extract orthographic and semantic information from parafoveal words before fixating on them. While this has to be achieved within an intersaccadic interval, the neuronal mechanisms supporting this fast parafoveal word processing within the language network remain unknown. We co-registered MEG and eye-tracking data in a natural reading paradigm to uncover the neuronal mechanisms supporting parafoveal processing. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that parafoveal orthographic neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “waiter”) showed higher representational similarity than non-neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “police”), emerging ~68 ms after fixation onset on the preceding word (e.g., “clever”) in the visual word form area. Similarly, parafoveal semantic neighbours (e.g., “writer” vs. “author”) exhibited increased representational similarity at ~137 ms in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Importantly, the degree of orthographic and semantic parafoveal processing predicted individual reading speed. Our findings suggest fast hierarchical processing of parafoveal words across distinct brain regions, which enhances reading efficiency.
"Long-Term Insights into Brain Abscess Management: An Eight-Year Study from a Single Center in India"
Authors: Srivast Anurag , Randhawa Anmol S , Agarwal Manoj K , Nimmakayala Swarjith , Narola Viraj D , Verma Jitendra , Bhatia Rohin , Gupta Pankaj , Agarwal Yogesh , Jain Pavan K , Sharma B S , Goel Atibhi
Published: November 2024

Background
Brain abscesses continue to pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in developed and developing countries. Their aetiology and management remains complex and unclear, making the treatment and outcome difficult.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed data in 48 patients with brain abscesses surgically treated with image guided aspiration and craniotomy and excision in Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur from January 2015 through December 2023 to determine the demographics, management, and the variables that affect the outcome in subjects with brain abscesses. Variables as age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, clinical presentation, location, number of lesions, predisposing factors, mechanism of infection, aetiological agent, and therapy were analysed independently.
Results
Male patients above 40 years of age were more likely to suffer a brain abscess. GCS score on admission did influence outcome. While frequency of successful culturing of the infectious agent was low, positive cultures were obtained in only 16 of the cases (33.3%), in which the most common isolates were streptococcus sp. and tubercular abscess. Outcome was favourable in 89.5% of the subjects, while the mortality rate was 10.4%. The outcome of 5 patients were poor due to immunosuppression in 2, a 1.8 year old child suffered from ventriculitis and remaining 2 presented with poor GCS scores.
Conclusions
Medical management and image guided aspiration is an effective treatment for brain abscess with an overall favourable outcome. Craniotomy and excision is rarely required. Mortality due to brain abscess was not directly related to surgery nor surgical technique.