bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La camera obscura, au-delà du “dispositif foucaldien” proposé par Jonathan Crary dans L’art de l’observateur
Authors: Bubb Martine
Published: June 2018

L’Art de l’observateur de Jonathan Crary est devenu un texte de référence dans le domaine des études sur les dispositifs optiques du point de vue de l’épistémologie. Pour autant, l’approche très foucaldienne des appareils, en particulier de la camera obscura, conduit l’auteur à privilégier les aspects sociologiques au détriment de l’esthétique, et peut poser question.
Alex invictus - Orange mécanique ou l'inservitude volontaire
Authors: Brossat Alain
Published: June 2018

Ce texte s'attache à montrer la proximité du grand art cinématographique développé par S.Kubrick dans ce film avec l'analytique des pouvoirs entreprise par Michel Foucault. Le motif de la plasticité et de la variabilité des dispositifs de pouvoir y est central, de même que le questionnement sur les normes et leur relativité. Pour Kubrick, comme pour Foucault, chaque dispositif de pouvoir est une singularité susceptible de se brancher sur d'autres, de l'influencer, de l'affaiblir ou au contraire de le renforcer. De même, la question de la violence est envisagée non pas tant en relation à des institutions qu'à des relations de pouvoir.
Perfectibilité et spontanéité. Les réflexions de Tetens sur une force fondamentale de l’âme dans le Onzième essai philosophique
Authors: Stiening Gideon
Published: June 2018

La question de savoir si, compte tenu du nombre de ses facultés théoriques et pratiques, l’âme humaine possède une seule force fondamentale qui les unit ou les combine, plusieurs, ou aucune, a appartenu au champ de controverse le plus influent de l’Europe philosophique entre Leibniz et Kant. Johann Nikolaus Tetens a présenté une solution personnelle à ce problème. Sa manière de prouver que l’âme est dotée d’un pouvoir fondamental qui consiste en une parfaite spontanéité propre est aussi éloignée du dogmatisme spéculatif que du cadre d’une psychologie empirique. Tetens formule, en quelque sorte, les conditions de possibilité d’une connaissance de l’âme humaine sans procéder de manière méthodiquement empirique.
Empathie et cruauté : le paradoxe de l’imaginaire des viandes au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Lebreton Capucine
Published: June 2018

Les écrits du XVIIIe siècle sur l’habitude de manger de la viande affrontent certains problèmes qui ne sont abordés aujourd’hui que dans une optique de défense de la cause animale, comme la sensibilité des animaux tués pour la viande ou le devenir de l’être humain lorsqu’il consomme de la chair. Ce discours au XVIIIe siècle n’est cependant pas le fait de défenseurs des animaux, et se trouve même paradoxalement exempt de conséquences pratiques : les auteurs qui déplorent la consommation de chair n’appellent pas pour autant à abandonner celle-ci. Comment les penseurs occidentaux du XVIIIe siècle résolvent-ils le paradoxe qui consiste à souligner l’empathie avec les animaux tout en les tuant pour s’en nourrir ? À travers des textes de philosophes et de médecins du XVIIIe siècle sur les effets de la consommation de viande, il s’agit ici d’interroger la représentation de l’être humain sous-jacente à un discours qui appartient aujourd’hui à l’inconscient de l’alimentation carnée.
Fonction des sites ; fonction des céramiques ?
Authors: Debels Pauline
Published: June 2018

Étudier la fonction des céramiques, pour les 3e et 4e millénaires avant notre ère, peut être considéré comme un exercice approximatif. En effet, il faut étudier des éléments immatériels : des contenus aujourd’hui disparus, mais aussi de pratiques sociales dont il ne subsiste que peu de traces. Cependant, la tracéologie, appliquée à la faune ou au lithique a démontré que nous sommes en capacité d’interpréter les traces liées aux activités quotidiennes. En appliquant cette discipline à la céramique il devient possible d’étudier les pratiques alimentaires à travers un nouveau prisme.Afin d’appliquer ces méthodes à la céramique, il faut progresser à la manière de Jean Claude Gardin en formant des allers-retours entre les hypothèses et les perceptions empiriques (Gardin 1970, p. 373). C’est le croisement des méthodes qui permet progressivement de valider ou invalider les hypothèses. La première étape, la plus évidente, est de poser les bases d’une étude typologique, qui permet de maîtriser la chronologie et l’homogénéité de l’assemblage. Le reste de l’étude suit le modèle du contexte systémique de Schiffer (1972) en commençant par la fabrication puis l’utilisation de la céramique. Enfin, l’étape du rejet y est également abordée par des études taphonomiques. L’étape de l’acquisition, bien qu’initiale, est laissée de côté pour ces réflexions.Les études morphologiques et technologiques permettent d’appréhender les fonctions de la céramique, suivant le principe de la notion de template de Schiffer et Skibo (explicitée ci-dessous). Une étude comparée des capacités volumétriques des assemblages se révèle utile pour reconnaître les activités principales d’un site. En effet, cela permet d’appréhender la nature de l’utilisation d’un site et la dynamique de son occupation (saisonnier, annuel, etc.). Enfin, c’est l’étude des usures qui permet de confirmer l’utilisation effective des céramiques. L’ensemble permet sur une plus large échelle d’aborder les pratiques sociales qui participent à définir et circonscrire une culture.
Classes sociales, races et nation au Brésil
Authors: Guimarães Antonio Sérgio Alfredo
Published: June 2018

Aujourd’hui, les sciences sociales ne peuvent plus penser la formation des groupes comme le résultat de la mobilisation collective ou du développement de plusieurs champs théoriques indépendamment de leurs intersections avec plusieurs dimensions d’agency et de détermination structurelle. Dans cet article, je défends la thèse selon laquelle les interactions entre les processus de formation de classe et de race doivent être examinées dans leurs tensions avec le cadre plus général du processus de formation nationale. Je m’attache, particulièrement, à la façon dont, au Brésil, racialisation et formation de classes sont structurés par l’appartenance nationale qui, elle-même, se construit en relation avec un idéal particulier de classe sociale et de dénégation de races. À cette fin, j’utilise librement le concept de racialisation développé en sociologie par Michael Barton, ceux de formation de classes (Adam Przeworski) et de formation raciale (Omi & Winnant).
Technical Note: Characterization of Corrosion Films Formed on Austenitic Stainless Steel in Supercritical CO2 Containing H2O and O2
Authors: Oleksak Richard P. , Baltrus John P. , Teeter Lucas , Ziomek-Moroz Margaret , Doğan Ömer N.
Published: June 2018

Future technologies require structural alloys resistant to corrosion in supercritical CO2 (sCO2) fluids containing impurities such as H2O and O2. Traditional pipeline steels are potentially unsuitable for these environments and more corrosion resistant alloys such as stainless steels might be required. Little is known about the corrosion products formed on, and hence the processes which control corrosion of, stainless steels in impure sCO2 environments. In this study, austenitic stainless steel 347H (UNS S34709) was exposed to sCO2 containing H2O and O2 at 8 MPa and 50°C or 250°C, and separately to the aqueous phase in equilibrium with the sCO2 at 50°C, to simulate conditions expected in sCO2-based power cycles and carbon capture and storage pipelines. Only thin (<20 nm) surface films formed after 500 h resulting in small mass changes and corrosion rates <10−4 mm/y, suggesting the material resists significant degradation in these environments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the corrosion films in detail. Exposure to the aqueous phase resulted in a thin (<5 nm) Cr-oxide and/or -hydroxide passive film, while exposure to sCO2 phases resulted in a multilayer Fe-rich oxide structure characteristic of a gas-phase oxidation process.
Canopy area of large trees explains aboveground biomass variations across neotropical forest landscapes
Authors: Meyer Victoria , Saatchi Sassan , Clark David B. , Keller Michael , Vincent Grégoire , Ferraz António , Espírito-Santo Fernando , d'Oliveira Marcus V. N. , Kaki Dahlia , Chave Jérôme
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Large tropical trees store significant amounts of carbon in woody components
and their distribution plays an important role in forest carbon stocks and
dynamics. Here, we explore the properties of a new lidar-derived index, the
large tree canopy area (LCA) defined as the area occupied by canopy above a
reference height. We hypothesize that this simple measure of forest structure
representing the crown area of large canopy trees could consistently explain
the landscape variations in forest volume and aboveground biomass (AGB)
across a range of climate and edaphic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we
assembled a unique dataset of high-resolution airborne light detection and
ranging (lidar) and ground inventory data in nine undisturbed old-growth
Neotropical forests, of which four had plots large enough (1 ha) to
calibrate our model. We found that the LCA for trees greater than 27 m
(∼ 25–30 m) in height and at least 100 m2 crown size in a unit
area (1 ha), explains more than 75 % of total forest volume variations,
irrespective of the forest biogeographic conditions. When weighted by average
wood density of the stand, LCA can be used as an unbiased estimator of AGB
across sites (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 46.02 Mg ha−1, bias
= −0.63 Mg ha−1). Unlike other lidar-derived metrics with complex
nonlinear relations to biomass, the relationship between LCA and AGB is
linear and remains unique across forest types. A comparison with tree
inventories across the study sites indicates that LCA correlates best with
the crown area (or basal area) of trees with diameter greater than 50 cm.
The spatial invariance of the LCA–AGB relationship across the Neotropics
suggests a remarkable regularity of forest structure across the landscape and
a new technique for systematic monitoring of large trees for their
contribution to AGB and changes associated with selective logging, tree
mortality and other types of tropical forest disturbance and dynamics.
A risk assessment methodology to evaluate the risk failure of managed aquifer recharge in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Rodríguez-Escales Paula , Canelles Arnau , Sanchez-Vila Xavier , Folch Albert , Kurtzman Daniel , Rossetto Rudy , Fernández-Escalante Enrique , Lobo-Ferreira João-Paulo , Sapiano Manuel , San-Sebastián Jon , Schüth Christoph
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can be affected by many risks. Those risks are
related to different technical and non-technical aspects of recharge, like
water availability, water quality, legislation, social issues, etc. Many other
works have acknowledged risks of this nature theoretically; however, their
quantification and definition has not been developed. In this study, the risk
definition and quantification has been performed by means of “fault trees” and
probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). We defined a fault tree with 65 basic
events applicable to the operation phase. After that, we have applied this
methodology to six different managed aquifer recharge sites located in the
Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, and Israel). The
probabilities of the basic events were defined by expert criteria, based on
the knowledge of the different managers of the facilities. From that, we
conclude that in all sites, the perception of the expert criteria of the
non-technical aspects were as much or even more important than the technical
aspects. Regarding the risk results, we observe that the total risk in three
of the six sites was equal to or above 0.90. That would mean that the MAR facilities
have a risk of failure equal to or higher than 90 % in the period of
2–6 years. The other three sites presented lower risks (75, 29, and 18 % for Malta, Menashe, and Serchio, respectively).
“Standard Transatlantic Practice”: Race Relations and Antidiscrimination Law across the Atlantic
Authors: Bebber Brett M.
Published: June 2018

By the mid-1960s, many liberals in Britain looked to the American civil rights movement with a sense of awe and apprehension. On the one hand, British race relations professionals admired the progress of civil rights work and attempted to comprehend its applications to British society. On the other hand, some worried that British racial integration was regressing, as the arrival of former Commonwealth subjects at the end of empire stirred severely conservative opposition. This article examines how British race relations authorities spawned transatlantic networks of legal information and comparative analyses of civil liberties struggles in light of American and Canadian experience. It focuses on the construction of antidiscrimination law in Britain between 1965 and 1968, a key period when the Race Relations Board (RRB) first enacted its charge of providing equal opportunity for leisure in “places of public resort” and pushed for an extension of legislation to cover housing, education, and employment. In drawing on the expertise of state antidiscrimination bodies in New York, Toronto, and elsewhere, the RRB built shared networks of mutual support, developed critical commentary on integration projects, and exchanged legal advice to prevent racism and discrimination against Britons of South Asian and Afro-Caribbean descent. An analysis of these interactions expands efforts to map the topographies of notions of civil rights outside America. It also exposes an episode in postwar British history where British liberals called on transatlantic ties to reflect on their own racial politics and attempted to battle discrimination with adapted American legal strategies.
“Black Oppressed People All over the World Are One”: The British Black Panthers’ Grassroots Internationalism, 1969–73
Authors: Angelo Anne-Marie
Published: June 2018

This article examines the grassroots Black internationalist organizing of the British Black Panther Movement (BBPM). The BBPM, which was inspired, although not founded, by the U.S. Black Panthers, was a London-based antiracist movement composed mainly of Afro-Caribbean and South Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom. The British Panthers led hundreds of campaigns for housing, education, health, legal aid, employment and against police brutality from 1969 to 1973. These pages reconstruct the day-to-day organizing efforts of the BBPM, revealing a highly active movement that focused on bridging local people’s experiences of racism with the movement’s membership in diasporic networks. Analysis of oral histories and forty-four issues of movement newspapers collated from across six archives demonstrates that the BBPM also raised awareness of British institutional racism and police brutality in the absence of public recognition of these issues. In so doing, this article introduces significant new evidence about the nature and extent of anti-Black racist violence in Britain in the late 1960s and early 1970s and opens up novel perspectives on the forms of Black political mobilization in Britain. Among the UK’s Black Power organizations, the BBPM was the most militant and secretive. Members rigorously studied Black history and literature and labor movement history inside communal spaces that the movement occupied in London. The BBPM also acted as an umbrella organization, facilitating a network of Black Power movements across the United Kingdom. While increasingly internationalist in its outlook, the movement splintered over time, with former members founding Black organizations dedicated to working-class people’s concerns, intellectual life, and women’s issues.
“I Found a Fit”: Doctoral Student Narratives of Coming to a Theoretical Home in a Qualitative Research Class
Authors: DeMarrais Kathleen , Moret Lauren , Pope Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2018

A critical aspect of learning qualitative research methodology in a doctoral program is to develop deep knowledge of the theoretical frameworks informing one’s research. An in-depth reading of those theories is necessary for them to be used to inform and guide dissertation research. Based in narrative inquiry, this study examined the journeys of 18 novice qualitative researchers as they came to understand theory and develop a theoretical home to inform their doctoral research. Findings include 1) the emotional concerns, uncertainty, and confusion when asked to engage with theory and theoretical frameworks to inform their research for the first time; 2) supports and strategies used to engage deeply with theories; and 3) students’ use of metaphors to describe their relationships with theories over the course of their doctoral studies as they came to a “theoretical home”. Implications for doctoral training in qualitative research include the need to engage pedagogically with students around the complexities and messiness of the role of theory in research.
Suggestion and Refusal Strategies in English by Kurdish Undergraduate Students
Authors: Alzeebaree Yaseen , Yavuz Mehmet
Published: June 2018

This paper investigated the sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence of Kurdish EFL undergraduate students through the speech acts of suggestion and refusal. Eighty-three Kurdish EFL undergraduate students and 14 native speakers of English participated in the study. Data were elicited using a Discourse Completion Task consisting of three suggestive and three refusal situations, and the responses were rated on a scale developed by the researcher. The response data for suggestions and refusals were coded according to the taxonomies of Martinez-Flor (2005) and Beebe et al. (1990), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. Four researchers rated the Kurdish EFL undergraduate students' responses in terms of appropriate pragmatic and linguistic forms. The results of the study revealed differences in the overall strategies and strategy patterns between the responses of Kurdish EFL undergraduate students and Native speakers of English groups, as well as differences between students of state and private universities.
Efficacy of Written Corrective Feedback as a Tool to Reduce Learners’ Errors on L2 Writing
Authors: Tanveer Aisha , Malghani Mehwish , Khosa Durdana , Khosa Maria
Published: June 2018

Over the last few decades, considerable research has been done to investigate the role of written corrective feedback in SLA classrooms. However, early researches suffered from major design flaws and consequently failed to draw any definite conclusions. In order to move this line of research it is important to analyze the issue in EFL/ESL settings. This research study, by applying quantitative research design, seeks to investigate the effectiveness of WCF on 30 low-intermediate EFL learners and their error reduction rate on pre, post and delayed posttest. Two different types of WCF (direct and indirect metalinguistic) were provided on two error categories, i.e. articles and past tense. Statistical analysis indicated that both treatment groups performed significantly better than control group on subsequent drafts. Thus, the present study by proving the efficacy of WCF at least on above mentioned error categories strengthens the case in favor of WCF in L2 classrooms.
Effects of Dynamic Assessment on the Acquisition of the Rhythm of English: The Case of EFL Learners’ Attitudes
Authors: Shafiee Sajad , Talakoob Fahimeh , Fatahi Mina
Published: June 2018

Dynamic assessment has been widely used in educational literature over the past two decades. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of using dynamic assessment on teaching the rhythm of English to Iranian EFL learners and scrutinizing their attitudes towards it. The participants of the study were 30 Iranian EFL leaners at the intermediate level of proficiency, who were conveniently selected from a foreign language institute in Isfahan, Iran. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the participants were divided into two homogenous groups, including the experimental group and control group. In this quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest-control-group-design research study, the control group followed traditional method of learning pronunciation and rhythm, while dynamic assessment approach was used to teach the same materials to the experimental group. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group took an active role in the classroom by having more interaction and using the ongoing hints and prompts provided by the teacher. The result of the posttest unfolded that there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups, and that the experimental group participants managed to outperform the control group members on the pronunciation posttest. Moreover, based on the attitude questionnaire, EFL learners had grown a positive attitude towards the use of dynamic assessment to learn rhythm. The results of this study demonstrated that through the implementation of DA, the proper form of mediation could be provided to the learners regarding their ZPD.
Students’ Self and Group-Driven Motivation on Target-Oriented Activity in Grammar Learning
Authors: Salikin Hairus , Bin-Tahir Saidna , Supriono Hari , Rahmawati Anisya
Published: June 2018

The article investigated students’ self and group-driven motivation in learning Grammar & Structure 03 on target oriented activity. It aimed at exploring what factors influence the participants and their higher motivation between self and group-driven motivation are, and how their motivation progress is toward the target-oriented activity. This article applied three phases of motivation theory (Dornyei and Otto, 1998) and language learning strategies (Dornyei, 2005). The results show that self-motivation is more dominant than group-driven motivation. Several factors influenced the motivational components which inhibit and enhance motivation on task. Considering the learning strategies, the participants tend to be more effective by subjective values and norms, however, emphasizing the task, they can manage both motivation types to be interdependence. Moreover, the participants’ motivation stages show that group-driven motivation progress is capable of enhancing motivation. Whereas, the downward scale of self-motivation as the result of the motivational disposition failed in generating enactment.
Micropropagation and Establishment of Humulus lupulus L. Plantlets Under Field Conditions at Southern Brazil
Authors: Machado M. P. , Gomes Erik Nunes , Francisco Felipe , Bernert André Felipe , Bespalhok Filho João Carlos , Deschamps Cícero
Published: June 2018

Tissue culture technique can be an important approach for the rapid propagation of Humulus lupulus L. (hop plant). The present study evaluated different culture media for hop plants (cv. Columbus) in vitro shoots multiplication, as well as ex vitro rooting and plantlets establishment under field conditions at Southern Brazil. The culture medium containing the plant growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in greater in vitro shoots multiplications (five shoots per explant). For microcuttings ex vitro rooting, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) application at a concentration of 3000 mg L-1 resulted in higher rooting and survival percentages during acclimatization. After 90 days of acclimatization, the plantlets were transplanted under field conditions and had their development and productivity evaluated 122 days after transplanting. Micropropagated plants achieved 100% survival under field conditions. Nitrogen supply is highly necessary for hop plants initial development at Southern Brazil. Micropropagation is a viable technique for quality plantlet production of H. lupulus cv. Columbus.
Automatic Section Control Technologies and GPS Auto-guidance Systems Adoption in Cotton Production
Authors: Edge Brittani , Velandia Margarita , Boyer Christopher , Larson James , Lambert Dayton , Roberts Roland , Wilson Bradley , Buschermohle Michael , English Burton , Rejesus Roderick , Falconer Larry
Published: June 2018

Using data from a survey of cotton producers in 14 US states, and a bivariate probit regression, this study examined the effects of the following measured parameters on the adoption of Automatic Section Control (ASC) technologies and GPS Auto-Guidance (AG) systems: age, education, farm size, field geometry, information sources, as well as the use of specific production practices and other Precision Agriculture (PA) technologies. Results suggest that younger, more educated producers, consulting farm dealers for information about PA technologies, using other PA technologies, and managing larger farming operations located in counties with more irregularly shaped fields are more likely to adopt ASC technologies and AG systems. Predicted adoption probabilities estimated using regression results suggest the use of other PA technologies and farm dealers as a source of precision farming information have the largest impact on the probability of adopting ASC by cotton farmers. Additionally, these results suggest farmers with operations in eastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, and a couple of counties in middle Tennessee are more likely to adopt ASC technologies. Producers in these regions had the highest percentages of users of other PA technologies and farm dealers to obtain PA information.
Wat maakt slimme sturing slim?
Authors: Koppenjan Joop , Termeer Katrien , Karré Philip Marcel
Published: June 2018

What’s so smart about smart governance?

Wicked problems ask for new, smart forms of governance beyond a singular focus on hierarchy, market or community. Based on the case studies presented in the individual articles of this special issue, this concluding article describes what smart governance could entail and discusses its strengths and weaknesses, both as a concept and a practical tool.
Slimme sturing van publiek-private samenwerking bij publieke infrastructuur
Authors: Koppenjan Joop , Klijn Erik Hans , Warsen Rianne , Nederhand José
Published: June 2018

Smart governance of public private partnerships in public infrastructure

In the Netherlands, the Dutch government public private partnerships (PPP) using DBFMO contracts has become the default option for realizing complex public infrastructures. DBFMO contracts imply the integrated outsourcing of the design (D), building (B), financing (F), the maintenance (M), and also often the exploitation (O) of projects to private actors. The general idea is that by bundling public and private resources, the increasing complexity of today’s public infrastructure projects can be tackled more easily. However, reality is contumacious. As a consequence of several problems related to DBFMO collaborations, the Dutch highway and water management agency Rijkswaterstaat and several private actors recently put forward a new market vision. This vision is a call to reinvent the dominant collaboration practice between public and private actors: relational aspects should be central. In managing projects, more attention should be given to the quality of relations, attitudes, openness and trust. Recent research confirms that the success of DBFMO projects is not only contingent on contractual aspects but also, and maybe even more importantly, on relational aspects. Smart governance involves a shift from the current dominant financial economic-oriented contractual approach to PPP towards a more sociologically inspired relational form of governance.
Lokaal bestuur en burgerkracht: slimme sturing in het sociale domein
Authors: de Roo Annie , Jagtenberg Rob
Published: June 2018

Local governance and citizen power: smart governance in the social domain

The Dutch social care system was fundamentally reformed in 2015. A key policy aim was to activate citizens and their social networks, turning them from mere consumers into co-producers of care. The expectation was that, by doing so, public spending could be reduced and community engagement could be restored at the same time. Regulation was put in place to incentivize network support.

Whether this constitutes ‘smart governance’, however, depends on whether the variety of factors determining sustainable network support can be identified in the first place. At present, the new care policy is supposed to apply indiscriminately, and is as such not yet evidence based. In addition, flaws in the present budgetary and regulatory steering mechanisms need to be addressed. Potential users are not very familiar with the regulation in place for incentivizing network support, and the regulation is currently neutralized by law courts, unaware of the participatory relationship between care authorities and citizens as envisaged by the 2015 reform. Moreover, engaging networks is time-consuming and requires investments before returns can start to materialize. From a normative stance, network volunteers moreover ought to participate in decision-making, as they will be investing their private resources (such as time) instead of tax payers money. Effectiveness and legitimacy are thus two prerequisites for governance in the social domain to be genuinely ‘smart’.
Over Europese grenzen in het Nederlands bestuur
Authors: van Keulen Mendeltje
Published: June 2018

On European boundaries in Dutch administration

An element of the theme of the VNG 2018 ‘Across boundaries’ annual conference in Maastricht is the necessity for Dutch politicians and administrators to push existing boundaries. In many cases this will involve a national border, which is closer in the region than in the national administrative center in The Hague. More than half of the twelve Dutch provinces have national borders, so cross-border cooperation is a regular phenomenon. National or EU regulations and subsidies may help to realize policy goals that are found important at a regional or local level, but when policy crosses national borders in practice it is also confronted with other ‘European’ boundaries. If there are incomprehensible, impracticable or conflicting rules, there is tension between common European policy and Dutch decentralization. Therefore this essay focuses on the control that the European Union has as an administrative challenge. It first discusses the shaky European consciousness and then the actions taken to break this vicious circle.
Gewelddadig protest loont!?
Authors: Karsten Niels , van der Velden Jurre
Published: June 2018

Violent protest pays off!? On the effect of violence, threat and intimidation around asylum centers on local democratic decision-making

In a well-functioning democratic state under the rule of law, people’s representatives are not inappropriately forced to vote for or against a certain policy intention. Violent protest against a decision or proposal, like establishing an asylum center, however, can put a lot of pressure on politicians’ independent judgment. However, research into the effects of violence, threats and intimidation on democratic decision-making is scarce. Therefore the authors of this essay investigated the effects of violent protest against the establishment of asylum centers in three small municipalities in the Netherlands: Bernheze, Geldermalsen and Steenbergen. They conclude that the direct influence on democratic decision-making, however serious it is in itself, seems limited. But they do observe that violent protest damages the information exchange between citizens and politicians, and also disrupts the debate. Therefore, in policy and research, not only is attention needed for the resilience of individual politicians against violent protest, but also for the perverting effects of aggression and violence on the broader democratic decision-making process.
Coty: beperking verkoop via internetplatforms mag
Authors: Oosterhuis G.
Published: June 2018

Coty: beperking verkoop via internetplatforms mag Het Hof van Justitie corrigeert Pierre Fabre maar had krachtiger leiding kunnen geven

Deze bijdrage betreft de prejudiciële uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie in het geschil tussen Coty Germany GmbH (Coty) en Parfümerie Akzente GmbH (Akzente). HvJ 6 december 2017, zaak C-230/16, Coty Germany GmbH/Parfümerie Akzente GmbH, ECLI:EU:C:2017:91 (hierna: Coty). Het Hof van Justitie oordeelt dat een selectief distributiestelsel verenigbaar kan zijn met het Europese mededingingsrecht indien het is vormgegeven om het luxe-imago van de betreffende producten te beschermen. In dat kader kan ook een verbod aan distributeurs om luxeproducten via platforms van derden te verkopen toegestaan zijn en vormt een dergelijk platformverbod geen hardcore beperking als bedoeld in Verordening (EU) nr. 330/2010. De uitspraak corrigeert Pierre Fabre maar geeft minder krachtig leiding dan had gekund.

HvJ 6 december 2017, zaak C-230/16, Coty Germany GmbH/Parfümerie Akzente GmbH, ECLI:EU:C:2017:91
Imagística: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship in a Small Film Production Firm
Authors: Gimenez Fernando Antonio Prado , Rocha Daniela Torres da
Published: June 2018

The article presents the trajectory of two young entrepreneurs of the Brazilian audiovisual sector, seeking to present the main motivations to starting the business, difficulties faced during the process and profile of entrepreneurs. In order to achieve the proposed goal, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with the young entrepreneurs over a period of six months. As main results it was verified that the main motivation to start the venture was the desire to develop projects independently and the opportunity to access government incentive policies that promote Brazilian film production. Among the main difficulties faced by the young entrepreneurs were the financial ones. They believe that a good entrepreneur is one who knows his goals, persists in reaching them, and overcomes adversities. The cases illustrates how a cultural entrepreneurship process is composed of a search for competences in both the artistic tools needed producing films as well as business startup and management.
Relationship of Innovative Self-Perception with Training, Hiring and Profits, of Micro-Entrepreneurs
Authors: Barrera Gustavo Alfonso
Published: June 2018

Entrepreneurship has become a fundamental theme in Latin America. In recent years, public and private institutions have invested in training entrepreneurs in order to contribute to economic growth, develop work and reduce poverty. In the presented research, it is compared the self-appraisal as innovators, of micro-entrepreneurs who have attended training during the last five years, with micro-entrepreneurs without training, and additionally, it is studied if the micro-entrepreneurs that self-perceive themselves as innovators are more prone to hiring workers and obtain higher profits. The methodology used is hypothesis testing with Chi2 statistic and descriptive statistics. The results exhibit that trained micro-entrepreneurs call themselves innovators in greater proportion and that this relationship is more relevant in some training topics, moreover, that innovative self-perception is linked to a greater intention of hiring and profits. The evidence obtained is considered relevant, since it allows orienting training activities in Latin American countries and improving the selection of topics and methodologies to promote their effectiveness.
PERFOMANCE
Authors: SALGADO Tiago Barcelos Pereira
Published: June 2018

O texto trata do domínio da performance e de suas múltiplas definições. Em um recorte histórico o texto busca definir e aproximar a performance tanto do domínio da arte quanto em suas reverberações, pelas reflexões de Schechner, em outros domínios levando-nos a pensar o campo da performance no âmbito da vida cotidiana.
Impactos do jornalismo digital horizontal na técnica de agendamento e na construção de espaços de poder
Authors: Goulart Janaina , Kieling Alexandre
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo se propõe a uma análise das reconfigurações dos processos jornalísticos a partir da horizontalização dos meios de comunicação nas dinâmicas de convergência entre a mídia de massa e as mídias sociais. Coloca-se a questão, desse ambiente semiótico-discursivo, a partir dos efeitos de sentido presentes na possível tentativa de agendamento por parte do jornal Folha de S. Paulo em relação à expectativa de crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil.
Métricas, ética e “cultura do clique” no jornalismo online brasileiro: o caso de resistência do não fo.de
Authors: Christofoletti Rogério , Vieira Lívia De Souza
Published: June 2018

Este artigo se apoia na hipótese de que a prática do jornalismo online está sendo impactada por um conjunto de valores cujo foco está nos dados brutos de audiência e visibilidade, o que CW Anderson (2011) chamou de “cultura do clique”. A crescente atenção às métricas e às medições de consumo e visitação tem origem no pensamento moderno positivista, onde o que pode ser medido em quantidade alcança mais relevância no conjunto dos objetos observáveis. Para compor o estudo empírico, analisamos o website brasileiro www.naofo.de, serviço de compartilhamento de informações e de encurtamento de URLs com propósito de denúncia, permanência de publicação e comentário crítico. Após analisar comentários de usuários das redes sociais e com base em entrevista com o criador do website, entendemos que se trata de um episódio de resistência à “cultura do clique” na medida em que se contrapõe criativamente aos cacoetes observados no jornalismo online. Nossos resultados apontam para um público de pessoas que utilizam o serviço para negar audiência às URLs originais, seja porque os conteúdos desagradam ou ainda porque identificam práticas antiéticas por parte dos veículos jornalísticos que quase tudo fazem para ampliar seus números de visitação e consumo.
A new therocephalian (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) from the Permian Kotelnich locality, Kirov Region, Russia
Authors: Kammerer Christian F. , Masyutin Vladimir
Published: June 2018

A new therocephalian taxon (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) is described based on a nearly complete skull and partial postcranium from the Permian Kotelnich locality of Russia. Gorynychus displays an unusual mixture of primitive (“pristerosaurian”) and derived (eutherocephalian) characters. Primitive features of Gorynychus include extensive dentition on the palatal boss and transverse process of the pterygoid, paired vomers, and a prominent dentary angle; derived features include the absence of the postfrontal. Gorynychus can be distinguished from all other therocephalians by its autapomorphic dental morphology, with roughly denticulated incisors and postcanines. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Gorynychus as a non-lycosuchid, non-scylacosaurid therocephalian situated as sister-taxon to Eutherocephalia. The identification of Gorynychus as the largest predator from Kotelnich indicates that therocephalians acted as apex predators in middle–late Permian transition ecosystems in Russia, corroborating a pattern observed in South African faunas. However, other aspects of the Kotelnich fauna, and Permian Russian tetrapod faunas in general, differ markedly from those of South Africa and suggest that Karoo faunas are not necessarily representative of global patterns.
Los determinantes de los componentes del gasto electoral en elecciones municipales en Chile, 2008-2012
Authors: Navia Lucero Patricio Daniel , Iturra Pamela
Published: June 2018

Como en Chile hay información del tipo de gasto en que incurren los candidatos en campaña, pasamos de estudiar quién gasta más a analizar en qué gastan más los candidatos y qué determina sus tipos de gasto. Explicamos por qué los candidatos gastan de distinta forma sus fondos de campaña. Usamos información de los 54.276 ítems de gasto electoral reportados ante el Servicio Electoral por 2.390 candidatos a alcalde en las 345 comunas en 2008 y 2012. Con características sociodemográficas de las comunas, militancia, condición de incumbencia y género de los candidatos, evaluamos y explicamos las diferencias en los tipos de gasto. Contrario a lo que sugiere la literatura, los incumbentes chilenos gastan más en propaganda que los desafiantes. Aunque dedican más dinero a propaganda que los de la Concertación, los candidatos de derecha, en particular de la UDI, dedican un porcentaje menor de su gasto a propaganda. Las mujeres gastan más que los hombres y destinan un porcentaje menor a propaganda. Los candidatos en comunas con más ruralidad y mayor pobreza gastan menos en propaganda y más en desplazamientos y servicios. En comunas con más escolaridad, los candidatos gastan más en servicios.
La institucionalización del control social en Ecuador: posibilidades y tensiones de los mecanismos participativos
Authors: Gutierrez Magaña Hector Manuel
Published: June 2018

A finales de la década de los noventa, Ecuador vivió un período de crisis política donde las instituciones representativas fueron cuestionadas. En medio del descrédito de la clase política, dos reformas constitucionales instituyeron la desconfianza ciudadana como control social sobre el poder: en 1998 a través de la Comisión Cívica de Control de la Corrupción; y en el 2008 mediante el Consejo de Participación Ciudadana y Control Social. En este texto se examina el marco en el que opera el control social en el período de gobierno de Rafael Correa, se resaltan las tensiones de las instituciones participativas con la representación y el ejercicio mayoritario del poder, y se exponen las implicaciones que tienen las nuevas arenas de participación ciudadana para analizar los procesos de democratización del Estado.
Practical quantification of image registration accuracy following the AAPM TG‐132 report framework
Authors: Latifi Kujtim , Caudell Jimmy , Zhang Geoffrey , Hunt Dylan , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The AAPM TG 132 Report enumerates important steps for validation of the medical image registration process. While the Report outlines the general goals and criteria for the tests, specific implementation may be obscure to the wider clinical audience. We endeavored to provide a detailed step‐by‐step description of the quantitative tests’ execution, applied as an example to a commercial software package (Mirada Medical, Oxford, UK), while striving for simplicity and utilization of readily available software. We demonstrated how the rigid registration data could be easily extracted from the DICOM registration object and used, following some simple matrix math, to quantify accuracy of rigid translations and rotations. The options for validating deformable image registration (DIR) were enumerated, and it was shown that the most practically viable ones are comparison of propagated internal landmark points on the published datasets, or of segmented contours that can be generated locally. The multimodal rigid registration in our example did not always result in the desired registration error below ½ voxel size, but was considered acceptable with the maximum errors under 1.3 mm and 1°. The DIR target registration errors in the thorax based on internal landmarks were far in excess of the Report recommendations of 2 mm average and 5 mm maximum. On the other hand, evaluation of the DIR major organs’ contours propagation demonstrated good agreement for lung and abdomen (Dice Similarity Coefficients, DSC, averaged over all cases and structures of 0.92 ± 0.05 and 0.91 ± 0.06, respectively), and fair agreement for Head and Neck (average DSC = 0.73 ± 0.14). The average for head and neck is reduced by small volume structures such as pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Even these relatively simple tests show that commercial registration algorithms cannot be automatically assumed sufficiently accurate for all applications. Formalized task‐specific accuracy quantification should be expected from the vendors.
Fibrous Protein Self‐Assembly in Biomimetic Materials
Authors: Mason Thomas O. , Shimanovich Ulyana
Published: June 2018

Protein self‐assembly processes, by which polypeptides interact and independently form multimeric structures, lead to a wide array of different endpoints. Structures formed range from highly ordered molecular crystals to amorphous aggregates. Order arises in the system from a balance between many low‐energy processes occurring due to a set of interactions between residues in a chain, between residues in different chains, and between solute and solvent. In Nature, self‐assembling protein systems have evolved over millions of years to organize into supramolecular structures, optimized for specific functions, with this propensity determined by the sequence of their constituent amino acids, of which only 20 are encoded in DNA. The structural materials that arise from biological self‐assembly can display remarkable mechanical properties, often as a result of hierarchical structure on the nano‐ and microscales, and much research has been devoted to mimicking and exploiting these properties for a variety of end uses. This work presents a review of a range of studies in which biological functions are effectively reproduced through the design of self‐assembling fibrous protein systems.
Toward Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization: A Perspective and Research Roadmap Based on Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Rajagopal Adharsh , Yao Kai , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: June 2018

High‐efficiency and low‐cost perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs) are an ideal candidate for addressing the scalability challenge of solar‐based renewable energy. The dynamically evolving research field of PVKSCs has made immense progress in solving inherent challenges and capitalizing on their unique structure–property–processing–performance traits. This review offers a unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state‐of‐the‐art evolution, and future research prospects. The multifaceted role of interfaces in facilitating PVKSC development is explained. Beneficial impacts of diverse charge‐transporting materials and interfacial modifications are summarized. In addition, the role of interfaces in improving efficiency and stability for all emerging areas of PVKSC design are also evaluated. The authors' integral contributions in this area are highlighted on all fronts. Finally, future research opportunities for interfacial material development and applications along with scalability–durability–sustainability considerations pivotal for facilitating laboratory to industry translation are presented.
Biomechano‐Interactive Materials and Interfaces
Authors: Cai Pingqiang , Hu Benhui , Leow Wan Ru , Wang Xiaoyuan , Loh Xian Jun , Wu Yun‐Long , Chen Xiaodong
Published: June 2018

The reciprocal mechanical interaction of engineered materials with biointerfaces have long been observed and exploited in biomedical applications. It contributes to the rise of biomechano‐responsive materials and biomechano‐stimulatory materials, constituting the biomechano‐interactive interfaces. Here, endogenous and exogenous biomechanical stimuli available for mechanoresponsive interfaces are briefed and their mechanistic responses, including deformation and volume change, mechanomanipulation of physical and chemical bonds, dissociation of assemblies, and coupling with thermoresponsiveness are summarized. The mechanostimulatory materials, however, are capable of delivering mechanical cues, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, geometrical constraints, and mechanical loads, to modulate physiological and pathological behaviors of living tissues through the adaptive cellular mechanotransduction. The biomechano‐interactive materials and interfaces are widely implemented in such fields as mechanotriggered therapeutics and diagnosis, adaptive biophysical sensors, biointegrated soft actuators, and mechanorobust tissue engineering, which have offered unprecedented opportunities for precision and personalized medicine. Pending challenges are also addressed to shed a light on future advances with respect to translational implementations.