bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of The Loss Ratio on Some Melon Varieties From The Melon Fly, Myiopardalis pardalina (Bigot, 1891) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: ALABOUID Abdulfatah , BAYHAN Erol
Published: May 2022

It is wel known that the homeland of the Melon (Cucumis melo), which is a one-year reptile body, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, is Asia. Iran, Caucasus, Turkey, Afghanistan and melon species that are encountered in the wild in Turkistan form and is believed that it was spread to the world from the regions concerned. Melon fly, Myiopardalis pardalina (Bigot, 1891) (Diptera:Tephrtidae) is one of the most important pests in melon grown areas in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. When the melon approximately reaches the size of a hazelnut, the larvae hatched from the eggs that have been left by the female in the fruit shell feed on the flesh and move towards the house of fruit seed with the tunnels they open, leading to various damages. Such damaged melons are not preferred by consumers. Moreover, invincible losses decrease the commercial market value of melon. In this research, data related to different methods of struggle of melon fly which has caused significant economic losses in Southeastern Anatolia region were obtained in the nature conditions. This study was carried out in Diyarbakır Province Çınar District Şükürlü Village (Diyarbakır city, Turkey) in 2018-2019 under field conditions. Four melon varieties (Balhan, Balözü, VT21B and the local variety Winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") were taken into the experiment and designed with 3 replications. In order to determine the damage rate of the melon fly, 100 fruits were checked in each melon variety parcel. Control procedures were carried out weekly, counts were made and continued until the end of the season. Fruits with dishes were removed from the application plots. In the experiment studies carried out to identify the number of holes in the melon fruits, it was detected that there was no difference when considering the hole number between Balözü, Balhan, Local (winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") and VT21 melon varieties. when the data collected from this study were under analysis it was revealed that, the lowest number of holes was found in Domestic (Winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") melon varieties, and the highest hole number was found in Balözü melon variety. In this study, the damage rates of melon fly on some melon varieties were determined.
Yozgat ve Kırşehir İllerinde Tüketime Sunulmuş Patates Yumrularında Bakteriyel Yumuşak Çürüklük Hastalığı Etmeni Pectobacterium İzolatlarının İzolasyonu ve Tanılanması
Authors: OZTURK Murat , SOYLU Soner
Published: May 2022

Pectobacterium spp. geniş bir konukçu yelpazesine sahip, her ortamda bulunan bakteriyel bitki patojenlerden biri olup, istila ettiği bitki dokusunda Bakteriyel Yumuşak Çürüklük olarak bilinen hastalığa neden olur. Bu çalışmada 2018-2019 yılları arasında Yozgat Merkez ve Kırşehir Kaman ilçesindeki yerel pazar, manav ve zincir marketlerde satışa sunulan patates yumrularında bakteriyel yumuşak çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Pectobacterium spp. izolasyonu, biyokimyasal, patojenisite ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanılanması amaçlanmıştır. Survey yapılan market ve manavlardan 168 yumru örneği toplanmıştır. Tipik yumuşak çürüklük belirtisi gösteren ve göstermeyen şüpheli yumrularda pektolitik izolatların varlığının araştırılması amacıyla nemli hücre testi yapılmıştır. Çürüme belirtileri gösteren 54 farklı yumru kesitlerinden pektolitik izolatların izolasyonu Kristal Violet Pektat (CVP) besiyeri üzerinde yapılmıştır. CVP besi yerinde çukur oluşturan pektolitik koloniler NA besi yerine saflaştırılması ile toplam 42 adet bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilenler bakteri izolatları arasında 27 farklı izolatın Nutrient Agar (NA) besi yerinde şeffaf, parlak, düzensiz, krater formda koloni oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir İzolatların tamamı gram ve oksidaz negatif, katalaz pozitif, fakültatif anaerob, floresen olmayan koloni morfolojisine sahip özelliklerde sergilemiş ve patates dilimi üzerinde yumuşak çürüklüğe neden olmuştur. Elde edilen izolatlar ile yapılan PCR çalışmasında, 54 simptomlu yumru örneğinin 19 adedinde P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (9 izolat), P. atrosepticum (6 izolat) ve Pectobacterium spp. (4 izolat) enfeksiyona neden olan etmenler olarak tanılanmıştır. Tipik hastalık belirtisi göstermeyen 114 yumru örneğinin 8 adedinde P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (5 izolat), P. atrosepticum (2 izolat) ve P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (1 izolat) etmenleri latent enfeksiyon sorumlusu olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tüketime yönelik olarak satışa sunulmuş patates yumrularında Pectobacterium izolatlarının varlığı belirlenerek patojenin farklı bölgelere transfer edilebileceği belirlenmiştir. Tüketim için satışa sunulan patates yumrularının hastalıktan ari bölgelere Pectobacterium izolatlarının nakledilmesinde önemli bir inokulum kaynağı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Harran Ovasında Çiftçi Sulamalarının Bazı Performans Göstergeleri
Authors: BAHÇECİ Barış
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, Harran ovasında rastgele seçilen çiftçi sulamaları izlenerek, tarla eğimleri, akış debileri, tarla sulama uzunlukları, Christiansen tekdüzelik katsayısı (CU) ve dağılım türdeşliği (DU), derine süzülme oranı (DPR), su uygulama randımanı (Ea), sulama yeterliliği (Ia), su ihtiyacı verimliliği (Er), kuyruk suyu oranı (TWR) belirlenmiştir. Sulamalarda tarlaların büyük bölümlerinin yetersiz su aldığı, akış debilerinin büyüklüğü ve sulama süreleri sulamacının deneyimine göre tahmin edildiği gözlenmiştir. Border sulamalarında üç karıktan oluşan şeritler teşkil edilmektedir. Su önü karık veya borderde tarla sonuna geldiğinde suyun kesilmekte ve gündüz sulamalarında genellikle kuyruk suyu oluşmamaktadır. Sulamalarda mevcut nem dikkate alınmamaktadır. Sulama yapılırken, arazi tesviyesinin yüzey sulaması için genellikle yeterli olmadığı ve hatta aynı tarlada yer yer eğim farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Harran Ovası’nda sulama sisteminde aşırı su kayıplarının ana nedenlerinden biri ve belki de en önemlisinin kontrolsüz gece sulamaları olduğu görülmüştür. Sulama suyu ihtiyacının yoğun olduğu zamanlarda bile, sulama suyunun bütün gece doğrudan drenaj kanallarına akması bu görüşü doğrulamaktadır. Tüm tarlada aşırı sulama nedeniyle derin süzülme artmış ve Ea değeri %62'ye düşmüştür. Bazı sulamalarda tarlanın tamamı yetersiz sulandığı belirlenirken, Ea değeri %88 iken olan bir sulamada, arazinin yarısının aşırı sulandığı ve diğer yarısının yetersiz su aldığı belirlenmiştir. Tarla içi yüzey sulama uygulamalarında derine süzülme değerleri %9 ile 38 arasında değişirken, izlenen tüm sulamalarda CU değerleri 66-96 aralığında bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, genel olarak DU değerleri %46 ile 85 arasında, sulama randımanları (Ea) %62-91 arasında değişirken, yüksek Ea değerlerinin, eksik sulamadan kaynaklandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Karık ve borderlerin sonunda, sulama suyunun açık drenaj kanallarına akmasını sınırlamak veya durdurmak için karık ve border sonları genellikle kapatılmaktadır. Gözlemler, tarla ve toprak özelliklerinin benzer olmasına rağmen, farklı karık/border uzunlukları kullanıldığını göstermiştir. Genellikle tarla uzunluğu ile karık veya border uzunluğunun eşit olduğu görülmüştür. Sulama suyu fiyatı, su hacmine göre değil, alansal büyüklüğe ve ürün türüne bağlı olduğundan, özellikle denetimsiz gece sulamalarında çok fazla su denetimsiz bir şekilde drenaj kanallarına akmaktadır. Dolayısıyla yüksek su kayıpları oluşmakta, devasa miktarlarda su drenaj kanallarıyla tahliye edilirken, bir bölümü Harran ovasının mansabındaki düşük kotlu arazilerde birikerek, yeraltı suyunun yükselmesine drenaj ve tuzlanma sorunlarının yaygınlaşmasına neden olmaktadır.
Multi-criteria Decision-making Technique Approach to Assess the Microbial Quality and Safety of Fresh-cut Salads Sold at Retail in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: UÇAK ÖZKAYA Gülsüm , GEÇGEL Umit , DURAK M. Zeki
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study was to investigate the microbial quality and safety of fresh-cut salads sold in restaurants that were located at Esenler, Fatih, Besiktas, Uskudar, Kadikoy and Umraniye in Istanbul, Turkey. In total, 180 samples were assayed for microbiological analysis including enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic (TMAB), aerobic psychotropic (AP) bacteria, yeast and mold (YM), fecal coliforms bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, isolation of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Meanwhile, a coagulase test was conducted out for S. aureus. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making technique (MCDM) approach was used to rank six districts in terms of microbial count. The enumeration of TMAB in Esenler, Fatih and Besiktas ranged from 4.34 to >7.48 log CFU g-1, 3.69 to >7.48 log CFU g-1 and 4.05 to >7.48 log CFU g-1, respectively. However, the enumeration of TMAB in Uskudar, Kadıkoy and Umraniye ranged from 2.57 to >7.48 log CFU g-1, 4.01 to >7.48 log CFU g-1 and 4.24 to >7.48 log CFU g-1, respectively. The enumeration of AP, YM and S. aureus ranged from 2.00 to >7.48 log CFU g-1, 2.00 to >7.48 and 2.00 to 6.13 log CFU g-1, respectively. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were found in 43 samples. When total coliforms counts were calculated for the samples, Esenler had the highest count (3588.1 MPN/g). The highest and lowest count of fecal coliform was found in Esenler and Fatih, respectively. E. coli was isolated 7.22% in samples. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not found in any of the samples. According to TOPSIS, Esenler had very bad values of TMAB and AP, S. aureus, coliform and fecal coliform. As for YM, Fatih had the worst scores. Uskudar was found as the best district considering the count of all microbial groups. On the other hand, it has been discovered that the microbial safety of fresh-cut salads sold in Istanbul is adequate for consumption.
Experiences using google translate application for translation used by English department students
Authors: Iftitah Nurul , Kuswardani Rahayu
Published: May 2022

This study exposed experiences using Google translate application for translation used by English Department students. This research is focused on explaining problems and strategies using Google Translate used by English Department students. This research used a descriptive qualitative design. Researchers selected 20 students from English Department who had taken translation subject and agreed participated in this research. The instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of open-ended questions where students had to express their answers in a paragraph. In the questionnaire there were instructions and a descriptive text about tourism places written in Indonesian that must be translated into English by students using two ways. First, students used Google translate application. Second, students translated those texts manually without an application. There were eight questions about what translation problems they found after using the app and what strategies they did to fix the result. Several points were found to be improved in the process of translation using Google translate, including to deal with grammatical error, to deal with inappropriate words or phrases, to deal with no provided meaning in google translate and to deal with abbreviation existed in Indonesian language and to deal with word for word translation.
The effect of SFL-based genre instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ performance in story reproduction
Authors: Kia Farshid Sarmadi , Aydinloo Nader Assadi , Zoghi Masood
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the effect of SFL-based genre instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ performance in story reproduction. For this purpose, the researcher selected 38 EFL learners through administration of Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and assigned them into experimental and control groups and both groups took an oral reproduction pre-test. Then, in the control group, only common class procedures such as pair work, small-group discussion, and whole class discussion were applied whereas in the experimental group, SFL-based genre analysis of the short stories was conducted by the teacher. At the end of the study, both groups took the post-test. The results of the study revealed a higher amount of increase in the fluency and accuracy scores of the participants in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. The findings of the present study can be advantageous for teachers, syllabus designers, curriculum developers, and Ministry of Education in developing genre-based course for language learners.
Media used by the junior high school during emergency remote classroom
Authors: Taufiq Wahyu , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: May 2022

This research is concerned about the media used by teachers of a junior high school in Indonesia when the online class must be adopted in teaching-learning activities during the emergency remote classroom, particularly in the English-speaking class. The purpose of this research is to know the media that teachers use during the online emergency remote classroom learning in English-Speaking classes. This research is qualitative research using the purposive sampling technique. The subject of the research is English teachers in a conventional junior high school in East Java Province, Indonesia. Here, the researchers found that there were various kinds of media used in the class. The teachers used the media by implementing various techniques to support the teaching and learning process. Hopefully, this research might be beneficial for other researchers as well as teachers who want to explore the use of media for teaching.Keywords: speaking skill; media; junior high school; online class
The practices of English in Indonesian secondary education: A sequential explanatory study
Authors: Latifah Siti Sangadatul , Mahbub Moh. Arif , Ismaili Ismaili
Published: May 2022

A growing body of literature on need analysis research has been carried out in indifference areas in various countries around the world. However, need analysis study in Indonesian vocational settings situated in marketing programs is still in its infancy. This article aimed at exploring participants’ angles toward the participants’ ESP Target Needs in the marketing program at a private Vocational High School (VHS) in East Java, Indonesia. By adapting Hutchinson & Waters' (1987) frameworks, this sequential explanatory mixed-methods (Creswell, 2014, 2018) employed a web-based questionnaire and a series of semi-structured interviews as the instruments. A web-based questionnaire consisting of 9 items: 2 items asking about wants, 2 items asking about necessities, and 5 items asking about lacks was administered to 15 participants who consented to take part in the recent study. Additionally, there were 3 areas of a series of semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ and the English teachers’ feelings about their wants, necessities, and lacks. A descriptive statistical method using SPSS v.25 was used to analyze the quantitative data, whereas thematic analysis proposed by Widodo (2014) was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The findings indicated that there were various perceptions related to their English target needs. Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations were then discussed.Keywords: English specific purposes (ESP); marketing program; need analysis; target needs; vocational high school (VHS)
Asymptotics of Solutions to a System of Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations
Authors: Akmatov A.
Published: May 2022

Solutions of nonlinear singularly perturbed differential equations are studied in this work. The matrix functions have multiple eigen values, which change the stability conditions the region under consideration several times. For these eigen values, the stability conditions are satisfied, but the stability change points, initial and critical, coincide. This is not typical for ongoing work in this direction. It is not clear what the estimate is at this point. If we consider this point as the starting point, then to the right of it will be, to the left more, at the point itself . If this point is taken as the point of change of stability, then we obtain a similar estimate. If this point is a critical point, then we will not approach this point. Therefore, we choose the starting point so that it remains the area under consideration. To obtain the asymptotics of solutions, the method of successive approximations is used. The solution of the stated problem is considered in the complex plane. Eigen values are analytic functions, therefore, using level lines, both parts of analytic functions can be covered with lines of the region under consideration. When investigating the solution, integration paths were chosen and the corresponding estimate was obtained. As a result, the uniqueness and uniform convergence of solutions are proved.
Formation and Heating of Plasma by Laser Radiation
Authors: Matnazarov A. , Latipova M. , Kodirov A.
Published: May 2022

This article presents theoretical studies in the field of physics of the interaction of laser radiation with matter. The processes of evaporation of matter by laser radiation, formation and heating of plasma, which occur in the initial stage of the interaction act, are studied.
The Effect of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Genotoxity in Allium Test
Authors: Kantsavaya I. , Minina A.
Published: May 2022

The influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin and gentamicin) on mitosis’s pathology in the cells of root meristem Allium cepa L. in the first metaphase after processing and after finishing the recovery period is investigated. Research methods: Allium test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. The experiment was conducted on a batch of the Stuttgarter variety which is genetically unstable as the result of micronucleus test. The results of aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin — in the concentration of 1000 mg/l, on exposure of 24 and 48 hours; gentamicin — 100,0 mg/l, on exposure of 48 hours) showed their negative influence and the increased growth of pathological processes in the cells of root meristem Allium cepa L. The comparative analysis of the part of clastogenic type aberrations and anogenic type aberrations according to all research methods let come to conclusion that antibiotics under test show the higher ability to cause mitosis’s pathology, connected with damage of mitotic apparatus than pathology associated with damage and disruption of chromosomes structure. Among clastogenic type aberrations chiasma and chromatid bridges dominate. Among anogenic type aberrations chromosome lagging, mitosis in some morphological variants (hyperspiralization of the chromosomes and their discharge in the metaphase; chromosome discharge in the metaphase and the anaphase); chromatic agglutination at various degree, up to formation of clots at metaphase with abnormal structures formation) dominate. It’s considered that increased duration of streptomycin action causes more negative consequences in comparison with less stress pressure. Since the recovery period partial cell repair after streptomycin occurs for 2–3 cell cycles. Under the influence of gentamicin, chromatic agglutination and single ring chromosomes were observed in 80% of the cells. These consequences have been unrepaired and after the recovery period the fatality of 90% rootlets was observed.
Review of Species of the Linaria Mill. Genus (Scrophulariaceae) in Azerbaijan
Authors: Gasimova T. , Alieva Z. , Huseynova A. , Safkulieva T. , Shahmaliyeva A.
Published: May 2022

This article includes a taxonomic review of representatives of the Linaria Mill. genus growing in Azerbaijan. As a result of a critical review of the composition of the Linaria genus, it was found that 18 species and one subspecies of this genus grow in the study area, of which 3 species: L. hohenackeri, L. ordubadica, L. nachitschevanica are new to the flora of Azerbaijan. Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are taken into account. A new key has been compiled to identify these species.
Study of Rare and Endangered Species of the Astragalus L. Genus in the Natural Flora of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadov T. , Gadirova N. , Aliyeva Sh.
Published: May 2022

In the study, analysis of 29 rare and endangered plant categories of 156 species of Astragalus L. naturally distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, was conducted. The study found that the area of most species is much smaller than in previous years, and the gene pool of some is endangered. The article provides information on the habitats, biological characteristics, reserves, reasons for changes in natural resources and conservation measures. In the research work, 15 species of Astragalus L. genus were included in the book “Rare Trees and shrubs of Azerbaijan” (2016). As a result of our research, it was determined that 30 new species of the Astragalus L. genus have a small area because of the exposure to anthropogenic factors, and very rare in nature due to lack of special protection. In carrying out the necessary protection measures in the studied species, it was found that 7 new species are endemic, and 23 species are recommended to be included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan as endangered shrubs and plants.
Effect of Water Activated by Electric Field on Plants Development Indicators
Authors: Ibraimov T. , Mamatov E. , Asanova E. , Tashpolotov Y. , Sadykov E.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the hydrogen index on the universal EV-74 ionomer (pH-millivoltmeter). Water activation has been carried out in an autonomous device, consisting of a membrane (porous partition) with pore sizes from 5 to 100 microns, the thickness of which is 1–2 mm and metal electrodes lowered into a vessel with water. The membrane area was 25–30 cm2. The influence of water properties on the germination, growth and development of vegetable crops has been performed on the following types of water: ordinary tap water (for control), pH=7; cathode (alkaline) water (R-water), pH > 7 and anode (acidic) water (L-water), pH < 7. The effect of activated water on water metabolism, growth and formation of cucumbers has been carried out periodically for 30 days on Konkurent cucumber variety. It is shown that the degree of germination of cucumber seeds compared to irrigation of ordinary tap water is higher when using catholyte water (R-water) by 50.7% and anolyte water (L-water) - by 132.8%, i. e. the use of activated water, obtained on the basis of electrophysical ionization, promotes the growth and development and germination of cucumber seeds.
Systematic and Bioecological Gypsophila L. Characteristic in Azerbaijan Flora
Authors: Novruzov V. , Guliyeva R.
Published: May 2022

Data on the systematic composition and bioecological features of the genus Gypsophila L., Caryophyllaceae. Life forms, ecological features, geographic range and endemism of species are compared. G. tenuifolia M. Bieb. (Caucasus), G. stevenii Fisch. ex Schrank (Caucasus), G. robusta Grossh. (Caucasus), G. acutifolia Fisch. (Kazakhstan). Caucasian endemics: G. capitata M. Bieb., Gypsophila lipskyi Schischk., G. szovitsiana Lazkov species are subendems of Azerbaijan. Analysis of subendemic and endemic species of Gypsophila L. genus showed that the ranges of the species are of European and xerophilic origin. This indicates that Turkey has an older florogenetic relationship with centers of xerophilous flora.
Botanical Description and Phytochemical Composition of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Introduced in Absheron
Authors: Mammadov T. , Sadigova K. , Albaliyeva
Published: May 2022

The article presents: a botanical description, information on the decorative appearance during cultivation, the preservation of a beautiful appearance in the winter months and the influence of the external environment on the growth and development of the species Cynara scolymus L. Extracts from the leaves, inflorescences, fruits of Cynara scolymus L. and the component composition were studied by gas-liquid chromatography on the Crystal 2000 M device. Cynara scolymus L. is a very useful plant, rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Thus, the presence of linol, citonellol, mirtenol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene contributes to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension; nerol, neryl acetate and synarin, which are in the plant, neutralize toxins in the blood, promote the renewal of liver cells (with hepatitis, cirrhosis), and insulin regulates the normalization of blood sugar balance. This plant, which has a multifaceted significance, can be widely used in various sectors of the national economy (as a medicinal, vegetable, fodder, ornamental plant).
Vegetation as a Diagnostic Indicator of Gray-Brown (Chestnut) Soils
Authors: Aliyeva M.
Published: May 2022

The article talks about the role of vegetation in the formation of gray-brown (chestnut) soils. Depending on the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the soil-forming rocks and vegetation cover, this type of soil is divided into four subtypes: gray-brown dark, gray-brown ordinary, gray-brown light and gray-brown mud. Considering that different subtypes of gray-brown soils are formed in characteristic eco-climatic conditions, as well as under different vegetation, we conducted a comparative analysis of characteristic features between individual subtypes of gray-brown soils common in the semi-humid region of the Lankaran district of Azerbaijan. The vegetation cover of gray-brown (chestnut) soils was studied. The phytomass of natural and irrigated cenoses was determined, as well as the structure of natural phytocenosis with the identification of dominant families and genera of plants. On the basis of the collected material, the formation of subtypes of gray-brown soils under composite, cereal and caper formations was established. Each family includes separate genera of plants. The Compositae family includes Artemisia L. (sagebrush), the Poaceae family includes the genera: Andropogon L. (bluestem), Festuca Tourn. ex L. (fescue), Stipa L. (needlegrass), Capparaceae family includes Capparis L. genus (caper).
Determination of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Some Passiflora L. Species, First Introduced in Azerbaijan
Authors: Badalova V. , Suleymanov T. , Mammadov R. , Atay M.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the research results on the microbiological activity of some Passiflora genus species, first introduced in Azerbaijan. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed in vitro in ethanolic extracts of Passiflora incarnata L., P. edulis Sims, P. caerulea L. leaves and fruits to determine the antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacteria. The activity indicators of ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruits of all three species were compared. Leaf extracts were found to have higher antibacterial activity compared to fruit extracts. Ethanolic extracts of Passiflora edulis Sims were more active than extracts from P. incarnata L. and P. caerulea L. The results of the study may contribute to the development of new medications against pathogenic microbes and the progress of the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Front-end & Back-end: Differences and Development Features
Authors: Malikova Z. , Kaarov Y.
Published: May 2022

This article is devoted to studying of Internet distribution in Osh city. The material examines the importance of the Internet in human life. Its usefulness in all spheres of human life, and especially in the economy. The study was carried by usage ArcGIS Desktop. The initial data was obtained from open sources. The studied area of research is Osh city, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia). The study took into account such indicators as: population density, total population, total number of subscribers of the operator and the proportion of the population that be active Internet users. The result of the study reflects the degree of spread of the Internet in the study area. And it shows where the population density is high, there the number of subscribers is greater.
Research of Drug Distribution Processes and Its Consequences on the Osh City Territory With the Help of Modern Geoinformation Systems
Authors: Malikoa Z. , Togayev A.
Published: May 2022

Countering the spread of drug addiction has become a difficult task for all countries of the world. Everyone understands how much harm this phenomenon will bring, especially crippling a healthy nation of any state. This study is devoted to the study of the processes and consequences of the spread of drug addiction. The following processes were considered: the dynamics of the growth of drug addiction, the visualization of quantitative indicators of the number of drug addicts with HIV infection and their location, the visualization of mortality among drug addicts and the number of registered crimes related to drug trafficking. The study area is the city of Osh, located in the south of Kyrgyzstan. It is through this city that the “northern route” of drug trafficking passes. The result of the study is useful in that it is possible to take certain measures to reduce the growth of drug addiction in the city of Osh, including in Kyrgyzstan, by strengthening the protection of the external borders of Kyrgyzstan, creating special departmental structures for the control of narcotic substances, and conducting medical and preventive measures among the population by holding guest meetings.
Fungal Diseases Research of Potatoes in Absheron and Comprehensive Measures to Combat Them
Authors: Jumshudova H.
Published: May 2022

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant growing vertically at a height of 80-100 cm and forming a starch-rich tuber. Potatoes contain on average 76.3% water, 23.7% solids, including 17.5% starch, 0.5% sugar, 1-2% protein, up to 1% mineral salts, contains vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, PP, K and carotenoids. Common potato disease problems include foliar (leaf) diseases, wilting, young plant diseases, tuber diseases, bacterial, viral and fungal diseases. Examples for the main diseases damaging potato in Azerbaijan are late and early blight of potato, Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf. The pathogens of these fungi diseases - Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, Alternaria solani Sorauer, Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn affect the leaves, stems and potato tubers, cause serious damaging of product and decreasing in the quality of tubers. Agricultural and chemical measures are carried out to avoid both diseases.
Growth Heterosis Study in Barley F1 Hybrids
Authors: Labazanova A.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the level of heterosis, and the degree of phenotypic dominance observed in F1 hybrids when plants are crossed between barley germplasms obtained from ICARDA and local varieties of barley. Germplasms PENCO/CHEVRON-BAR/3/ ARUPO/K8755 // MORA CBSS04Y00065S-11Y 1M-0Y-0M-0Y- IBYT-HI, Libya/F6NB_7ICB02-0178-OAP-10TR-OAP-INBYT, MSEL/PFC9214 CBS S01 M00318S-0M-0M-1Y-1 M-OY-IBON-HI, SHENMAI N0.3/MSEL // CANELA/CBSS04Y00367T-A-2Y-2M-0Y-0M-0Y-IBON-HI, TOCTE/3/MJA/BRB2 // QUINA/4/PETUNIA 1 CBSS02Y00362S-0M-0M-2Y-1M-OY-IBON-HI, Barjouj/7/ICNBF8-616/6/Cel/WI2269 // Ore/3/AthsNew/4/Mcu59/Mcul // Moch/5/Rta’S ICB 01-1226-7TR-OTR OAP and local varieties such as Karabakh 7, Karabakh 22, Karabakh 23, Kudretli 48, Baharly, Jalilabad-19. The fertility of flowers in reciprocal hybrid combinations obtained with these parental forms, it was 32.3-57.5%. Most of the analyzed F1 hybrids showed heterosis in plant growth. The degree of phenotypic dominance in combinations varied within +0.5-2.5, and the degree of heterosis - within +1.0-8.6%. The highest heterosis is observed in the following combinations: Karabakh 22 × PENCO/CHEVRON-BAR/3/ ARUPO/K8755 // MORA CBSS04Y00065S-11Y 1M-0Y-0M-0Y (IBYT-HI) (+5.9%), Baharly × Kudretli 48 (+6.4%) and SHENMAI N0.3/MSEL // CANELA CBSS 04Y 00367T-A-2Y-2M-0Y-0M-0Y (IBON-HI) × MSEL/PFC9214 CBS S01 M00318S-0M-0M-1Y-1 M-OY (IBON-HI) (+8.6%). True heterosis was positive in 68.7% of combinations and negative in 25%. In 6.25% of the combinations, heterosis was not observed.
Conservation Agriculture as a System for Improving Soil Quality and Sustainability of Production Processes
Authors: Yusubova U. , Bayramov M. , Babayev V. , Guseynov I. , Abbasov A.
Published: May 2022

Agriculture in Azerbaijan is mainly characterized by small farms. The average size of the farm is only 1.5 hectares. About 83% of farmers own land plots, and they cultivate almost 55% of arable land. On the other hand, only 1.6% of farmers have operational land plots. The pace of development of environmental agriculture and the resulting economic gain in turns depend on the environment, which is influenced by economic, social, environmental and other factors. However, land is an inelastic factor of production. Therefore, conservation agriculture becomes a separate, albeit integrated body of general agricultural production due to its peculiarities of distribution of inelastic factors among competing crop production variants. The transfer of conventional tillage to zero can lead to a loss of total pore space, as evidenced by an increase in bulk density. Infiltration is generally higher, and runoff decreases with zero tillage with residue retention compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage with residue removal. The necessary yield growth, production stability, risk reduction and environmental sustainability can be achieved only with the help of management methods that lead to improved soil quality. This article presents the results of a study devoted to the study of possible changes in the physical properties of the soil.
Soil Reclamation by Plants and Plant Introduction as Methods of Revegetation on the Territory of River Basins Near Ganja
Authors: Akhmedova S. , Ismayilzade N.
Published: May 2022

Negative factors caused to erosion and other natural and anthropogenic factors in the vegetation on the territory of river basins near Ganja have been mentioned in the article. Soil reclamation by plants measures have been advised for revegetation. It has been considered restoration of basically taproot system of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in degraded plots of land through reintroduction. For that, up to 60 plant seeds have been sown in 18 polluted and degraded plots of land.
Morphological, Diagnostic Features and Agrophysical Properties of Irrigated Meadow-Sierozem Soils in Arid Soil-Climate Conditions (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Gashimova A.
Published: May 2022

The article presents morphological, diagnostic features and agrophysical properties of meadow-sierozem soils irrigated in arid soil-climatic conditions of Azerbaijan. The research was carried out on lands in the territory of the village of Malbinasi, Yevlakh district, in the Arzu farm. The thickness of the humus horizon of irrigated meadow-sierozem soils of the object of study is 55-65 cm. Hardening is most often observed in the deep layers. Due to siltation, a cloddy-granular structure was formed in the subsurface horizon. With increasing depth, a sharp increase in soil density is observed.
The Meadow-Sierozem Soils Current State (Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan)
Authors: Huseynova S. , Hajiyeva G.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the research is obtaining new information about the genesis, the current state, is studying the diagnostic features of the meadow-sierozem soils of the northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus and give the name to these soils in accordance with the International Classification Soils on the Reference Base (WRB) in 2015. The objects of research are meadow-sierozem soils in Shabran district, northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus. Study methods: field studies (relief, vegetation, laying of soil sections, their description, selection of soil samples, establishment of a preliminary classification name of the soils) and physicochemical analyzes of soil samples (humus, gross nitrogen, C:N ratio, reaction of the soil environment, capacity of cation exchange, granulometric composition, composition of complete water extract) were carried out by conventional methods. It has been established that the most characteristic diagnostic indicators of meadow-sierozem soils are the presence of clay signs in horizon B and carbonate formations in the form of mold. Meadow-sierozem soils are low-humus. The reaction of the soil environment is alkaline. According to the granulometric composition, these soils are of medium and heavy clayey or medium and light loamy. Conclusion. The present state of virgin and cultivated meadow-sierozem soils has been studied. For the first time, the diagnostic criteria of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) were applied to meadow-sierozem soils, and an attempt was made to give the name of meadow-sierozem soils according to the international classification of soils based on the on the Reference Base (WRB) 2015. With the different principal and supplementary qualifiers, all soils were classified as Calcisols.
Biological, Biochemical and Serological Features of Salmonellosis in the Masally District Bee Farms (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Gulalyeva F.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the issues of studying the biological, biochemical and serological features of bee salmonellosis in bee farms of Azerbaijan in the years 2018 and 2019. Sick bees with clinical signs were examined. In order to study the biological, biochemical and serological features of bee salmonellosis, a diagnostic study of bees was conducted (drip agglutination reaction and serological reactions). On the meat-peptone agar, small transparent colonies with a soft bluish tinge appear on the 2-3 day. The isolation of bacteria from the intestine, hemolymph and pectoral muscles with subsequent crops was studied on meat-peptone broth (MPB), agar (MPA) and bismuth sulfite agar.
The Dynamics Development of Nitrogen-backing Bacteria on the Soil of the Ganja-Gazakh Natural Economic Zone
Authors: Aslanova Ye.
Published: May 2022

The study of the nitrogen cycle in nature is of great importance, because as a result of anthropogenic impacts the small changes cause the chemical pollution of the soil. The effect of anthropogenic and environmental factors to the productivity of azotobacter cultures on the soils of the Ganja-Gazakh natural economic zone has been described in the article.
Oil-contaminated Lands Reclamation on the Absheron Peninsula
Authors: Verdiyeva F. , Ismailova M. , Aliyeva T.
Published: May 2022

In the presented article, the issues of pollution of the lands of the Absheron Peninsula with oil and oil products are considered. The physical, chemical and physical chemical parameters of soils are analyzed. The issues of reclamation and restoration of technically disturbed and oil-contaminated lands of the Absheron Peninsula are considered.
Soil and Landscape Complexes Agroecological Assessment of the Gilgilchay River Basin (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Alieva G.
Published: May 2022

Based on field and laboratory studies in the Gilgilchay river basin (Azerbaijan), soil-landscape complexes (natural and anthropogenic) were studied, and a map was compiled on a scale of 1:100,000 of lands, landscapes, farms, estates, settlements, roads and other anthropogenic objects by administrative districts. The ecological scores of soil-landscape complexes have been calculated, correction factors for the proportion of anthropogenic impacts in the landscape have been developed, and with their application the final ecological scores have been found. Ways of optimization based on agroecological points are proposed.
Irrigated and Virgin Soil Comparative Characteristic in the Mugan-Salyan Massif
Authors: Mammadova A.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the comparative analysis of irrigated and virgin soils in the Mugan-Salyan Massif. A main purpose of the work is to study the effect of intensive irrigation on the soil and the morphogenetic changes in the soil profile. Experimental researches are performed in the field, cameral and laboratorial conditions. Irrigated soils are distinguished from virgin soils by the following morphological features: biological processing, fertility, homogeneity of mechanical composition, formation of modern cultivated layer due to agroirrigation sediments characterized by gray color; heavier mechanical composition; absence of sharply expressed illuvial carbonate content, significantly lower carbonate profile, hardened subsoil formation.
Effect of Stone Fruit Orchards for the Apiculture Development
Authors: Seyidov A. , Gumbatova G.
Published: May 2022

The studied territories of the Ganja-Dashkesan and Gazakh-Tovuz regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan differ in terms of the complexity of the relief, climatic differences in nature from the territories of the regions bordering them. Most of the territory of both regions is dominated by mountains, valleys and plains. The following formations are found in the orchards: cherry, sweet cherry, apricot, peach orchards, etc. In the production of organic quality fruits for nutrition, in accordance with the requirements of market standards, honey bees are used in these orchards for pollination, which leads to an increase in additional yield by 10.2-20.8%, sometimes by 25.0%. In addition, they are valued as a reserve source for providing bee colonies with propolis, pollen, and nectar in early spring.
Sowing Time and Rates of Inorganic Fertilizers Effect on Cotton-plant Yield
Authors: Guseynov N.
Published: May 2022

The presented article reflects the study of the effect of sowing dates and norms of inorganic fertilizers on the cotton-plant yield on irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils of the Ganja-Gazakh economic region. It was determined that in the sowing and the norm of inorganic fertilizers N90P120K90, carried out in the region on April 10-15, 45.2 c/ha of raw cotton was obtained, the increase was 14.4 c/ha or 46.8% compared to the non-fertilizing variant.
Main Functional Properties of Pectin Polysaccharides in Vegetable Raw
Authors: Adigozalova S.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the theoretical and practical study of indicators of pectin substances in vegetable raw materials, their physical and chemical properties, which is one of the main stages in the production of functional foods for various purposes. Pectin has a wide range of functional features. One of the most important properties of pectin substances is their complexing ability, based on the interaction of the pectin molecule with ions of heavy and radioactive metals. Vegetables contain significant amounts of dietary fibres, pectin substances, which are able to adsorb and remove radionuclides from the body and reduce cholesterol. In this regard, there is a need to expand the range of vegetable pectin-containing food products at the expense of products consumed daily.
Effect of Irrigation Application and Fertilizer Rates on the Weight, Chemical Composition and Nutrient Content in the Root Mass and Stubble of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Mixed With Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Allahverdiyev E. , Mammadova Ye. , Karimova R.
Published: May 2022

In article effect of entering of norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on weight, a chemical compound and the maintenance of nutrients in stubble the root rests of peas in a mix with sorghum are studied and analyzed. Greater accumulation of root weight in soil depends on a condition of water-physical properties of a ground in arable and subarable layers. In well processed fertile soil the plant root leaves in very deep layers and accumulates more than root weight. The difference in number of the nutrients arriving in soil in root weight and stubble by the rests, is caused by quantity of the vegetative rests and quantity of nutrients in their structure. Besides the nutrients arriving in soil through root weight and stubble the rests, there are favorable conditions for more effective food of plants, including a considerable quantity of carbonic gas. As a result of action of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers increases not only productivity of an elevated part of a plant, but also weight root and stubble the rests which after ploughing are exposed to process humification. During research it was revealed that in a control variant without fertilizers at joint crops sorghum and peas gathered 600 kg/ha stubble the rests, and at the combined entering of organic and mineral fertilizers stubble the rests varied within 660–1000 kg/ha. For the vegetative period the irrigation was spent 3 times, in a non-fertilizing control variant is collected 2450 kg/ha of root weight in summary entering of organic and mineral fertilizers it is collected 2630–3140 kg/ha of root weight that shows a considerable gain. Optimum entering of mineral and organic fertilizers improves a water, air and nutritious mode of soil, raises its fertility, rendering quantitative and qualitatively effective influence on root stubble the rests of the mixed cultures. It proves that the mixed crops of peas with sorghum, are the good predecessor for plants following it.
Study of Biotypes and Clones of Some Kishmish Grape Varieties of Azerbaijan
Authors: Salimov V. , Guseynov M. , Nasibov A. , Huseynova A.
Published: May 2022

The article is dedicated to the morphological, biological, economically important and technological peculiarities of the high yielding clonal forms (no. 27/11, 30/03, 22-3/4, 4/5-28, 4-18/17, 12/2-3, 2/5/14/2, 2/9/14/2, 14-14, 1/6/02/1-02 and 1/18/02/1-02) selected from populations of seedless grape varieties such as Ag oval kismish, Ag kishmish, Chehrayee kishmish, Gara kishmish and Sultany kishmish, as well as the basic regulations of the clonal breeding and vegetative changes in the grape plants. In addition, the results of mathematical-statistical research (by U, χ2, t-criterion Student), conducted with the purpose of determination of the differences between varieties and their clones on certain indicators are reflected in the article.
Nitrogen Compounds Effect on Vegetable Crops Cultivated on Irrigated Gray-Brown Soils of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mirmovsumova N.
Published: May 2022

Growth and development is a single process that forms the basis of the vital activity of plant organisms. External factors, especially nutritious manure, are of particular importance for normal growth and development. Although the effect of nitrogen fertilizers in various forms and rates used in the experiment is somewhat different, they have a positive effect on the growth of the stem organs of the plant both in relation to the control and in the background, which is the basis of future production.
Some Factors and Search of Necessary Ways to Improve Agro-industrial Production Sale
Authors: Ubaidullaev M. , Kenzheeva M. , Tokoeva A. , Asanov B. , Paiysbekova K. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: May 2022

Research relevance: the article discusses some necessary factors to improve the process of selling products of the agro-industrial complex of Kyrgyzstan, as one of the promising areas of the economy sector. Research materials and methods: a possible search for additional ways to sell agro-industrial production is analyzed in detail, taking into account market requirements and the capabilities of both consumers and producers. Research objectives: to characterize the participants in this process, considering market requirements to improve activities for the sale of production in agro-industrial complex. Research results: when solving problems for the sale of production of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to establish the market and the requirements arising in this space. Conclusions: relations between the producer and the consumer of the manufactured products act on the market, through the laws and mechanisms of the market, which in turn forms the basis for the economic formation of market relations.