bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Map Is Not the Territory – But We Do Need Maps: How Helpful Are Guidelines on What Constitutes a Conflict of Interest,
and on the Circumstances under Which Disclosure Is Required?
Authors: Marulanda María , Zuleta Eduardo
Published: July 2024

In the past few years, arbitral institutions and other international organizations have developed developed guidelines on what constitutes a conflict of interest, and on the circumstances under which disclosure is required, to help stakeholders in international arbitration navigate the complex territory of such conflicts. Despite the recent trend towards the development of this type of guidelines, their usefulness remains in debate. To address the question of their usefulness, this article focuses on the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest, which is arguably the best-known and most widely used instrument on conflicts of interest in international arbitration. Specifically, this article examines the reasons that led to the adoption of this type of guidelines; reviews some of the main criticisms and the underlying tensions; describes how they have been used by different stakeholders; and finally offers some insights into their usefulness. The authors’ main contention is that these guidelines are helpful to the extent that they provide a common basis for arbitrators from different legal and cultural backgrounds to discharge their duty of disclosure and for parties to manage their expectations and to make informed choices regarding potential conflicts. In doing so, they help develop a uniform culture of disclosures, promote transparency, level the playing field, and potentially reduce the frequency of unfounded challenges.
The Parties’ Right to Nominate Arbitrators and the Institution’s Discretion in Deciding Whether to Confirm
Authors: Mourre Alexis
Published: July 2024

The legal significance of the requirement of a confirmation by the arbitral institution of the party’s nomination of an arbitrator has not so far been thoroughly explored. What is the nature of these institutional confirmations? Is there any such thing as a party appointment in ICC arbitration? What is the level of discretion enjoyed by the institution in deciding whether to confirm? Can a party mount a challenge on grounds that were unsuccessfully raised in objections to confirmation? Should institutional decisions on confirmations be reasoned? The author examines these questions based on his experience as past president of the ICC International Court of Arbitration (the Court).
The Curious Phenomenon of the Proactive Co-arbitrator
Authors: Silva Romero Eduardo
Published: July 2024

p style="text-align: start;"This article analyzes the situations in which a party-appointed co-arbitrator behaves in a way that favors the party who appointed him or her in a perceptible manner, in meetings or hearings, and it proposes some solutions to this ethical conundrum. A balance must ultimately be found between the party’s fundamental right to appoint a co-arbitrator and the required impartiality of any adjudicatory tribunal. A pragmatic approach would be to consider guidelines modeling the behavior of co-arbitrators.
The Question of Systematic Appointments of Given Individuals by Investors or Respondent State Parties in Investment Arbitration
Authors: Landi Niccolò , Beechey John
Published: July 2024

The question of systematic appointments in investment arbitration remains a sensitive issue given the significance of the decisions made by tribunals seized of investment disputes. This article seeks to address the considerable body of criticism, some of it ill-informed, of the appointment process in investment arbitration and of systematic appointments in particular. First, the article places such appointments within the existing quantitative framework, noting that repeat appointments, of themselves, have been found insufficient to warrant an arbitrator’s removal. The article then explores the possibility of systematic bias due to intellectual loyalty arising from repeat appointments in the context of an arbitrator’s overriding obligation to remain impartial and independent in the course of decision-making. Third, the article discusses the arbitration-specific institutional factors which influence the repeat appointment process. It considers the role of compromise, exercised within the framework of party autonomy, as a factor contributing to systematic appointments. Lastly, it suggests that there might be circumstances in which systematic appointments of a particular individual are made precisely because of that individual’s ability to instil confidence in the arbitral process.
Changing theWorld, One Procedural Threat at a Time: De-carbonising Arbitration through Procedural Efficiency
Authors: Zuti Giachetti Filippo , McIlwrath Michael
Published: July 2024

Climate change is now recognised as a truly existential threat to civilisation and life on earth. And international arbitration, like all other human activities, contributes to the production of carbon emissions and, therefore, can and should also be managed with the objective of reducing these as much as reasonably possible. In most sectors, reducing carbon emissions is accompanied by a corresponding increase in costs, but this does not need to be the case with arbitration. On the contrary, reductions in emissions can be achieved through greater use of technology and procedural efficiency that are likely not only to reduce costs but may also lead to higher overall party satisfaction with how disputes are resolved. This article sets out some of the steps that have already been taken in this direction, and what more can be done by arbitration institutions, arbitrators, counsel, and the parties themselves to further reduce carbon emissions associated with arbitration. By setting an important example, arbitration stakeholders are also likely to influence further change within the global business, legal, and government communities in which they tend to occupy leadership roles.
The Central Importance of the Seat in Online Dispute Resolution
Authors: Engholm Marcel , Hosking James
Published: July 2024

Fueled by technological advancements and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, fully or partially remote hearings are now commonplace in international arbitration.While this brave new world has liberated practitioners from the shackles of geography, it may paradoxically have made the role of the seat all the more important.This article identifies the main issues that might appear in remote hearings in connection with four broad topics – enforcing the arbitration agreement, constituting and challenging the arbitral tribunal, managing remote procedures, and challenging and/or enforcing the award – and posits that most, if not all issues, are best resolved by reference to the law of the seat.Thus, while the seat of arbitration is of juridical significance in all forms of international arbitration, it is particularly important in overcoming the perceived uncertainties associated with online dispute resolution.
Evidence in International Arbitration through the Looking-Glass of the Digital Economy
Authors: Nappert Sophie , Chojecki Sarah
Published: July 2024

Rapid advancements in digital technologies and their accelerating adoption throughout all sectors of the economy have radically transformed our lives. Stepping through the looking glass of the digital economy and the nascent Web3, this article explores how new forms of tech-enhanced evidence – involving artificial intelligence, blockchain, drone, and extended reality technologies – are emerging. Building upon this backdrop, the article focuses on the influence of these new technologies on the subject of evidence in international arbitration.1 It examines the opportunities and risks presented by these technologies through various use-cases, considering their potential to enhance efficiency, accessibility, fairness, and due process. While recognizing the significance of tech-enhanced arbitration to meet the needs of the 21st century, the article underscores the importance of understanding the benefits and limitations of these technologies. It concludes that, although the technological advancements are essential, the human factor remains pivotal in upholding the fairness and legitimacy of the arbitral system.
Professional Ethics in Online Mediation
Authors: Antich Federico , Calo Zachary
Published: July 2024

This article examines ethical issues that arise in connection with conducting mediations in an online environment. It proposes that while online mediations might not disrupt existing ethical regimes, it is nevertheless important to give sustained attention to the distinctive issues that online mediation poses, including the evolving technologies adopted.While mediation ethics, codes of conduct, and regulatory mechanisms have been established with traditional in-person mediation in mind, it is important to consider how such principles as self-determination, confidentiality, and impartiality apply in an online environment and what adaptations might be necessary to ensure ethical integrity. The article assesses how to close gaps that have arisen between existing codes of conduct and new realities shaped by changing technology and mediation practices.
Early Dismissal at ICSID:The Push for Protection and the Promise of Efficiency
Authors: Gastrell Lindsay
Published: July 2024

ICSID was the first among major international arbitral institutions to adopt a rule permitting the expedited dismissal of unmeritorious claims. Now, with the adoption of its 2022 Arbitration Rules, ICSID has amended the rule for the first time. This article examines ICSID’s early dismissal procedure from its adoption through the recent amendments, focusing ICSID’s rationale for adopting certain amendment proposals while declining others, and how the changes will affect practice moving forward. Although the primary motivation behind the rule was to protect States and the ISDS system against abuse, in practice, it has led to the full dismissal of claims in only seven cases (1%) over 17 years.The procedure may be invoked more often under the new rule, but nothing suggests that the rate of success will rise, and the overall number of claims dismissed is likely to remain very small.Thus, the procedure’s role as a protection for States remains largely symbolic. By contrast, efficiency appears to be a tangible benefit that could grow under the new regime. To that end, this article offers suggestions on how tribunals might harness the rule’s efficiency enhancing potential.
Some Thoughts on the Screening Power of the ICSID Secretary-General
Authors: Parra Antonio R.
Published: July 2024

This short article offers some thoughts on the power of the Secretary-General of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) to “screen” requests for arbitration under the ICSID Convention to prevent the institution of proceedings in cases manifestly outside the jurisdiction of ICSID.The article looks at the drafting history of the ICSID Convention in this respect and at the procedure introduced by ICSID in 2006 for the early dismissal by arbitral tribunals of claims manifestly without legal merit.This procedure was meant to complement the Secretary-General’s screening power by providing a mechanism summarily to eliminate claims that were unmeritorious from the substantive viewpoint. In practice, however, the early dismissal procedure has mainly been used to eliminate claims judged to fall manifestly outside the jurisdiction of ICSID – with the key difference that while the Secretary-General’s screening power must be exercised on the basis of information presented only by the requesting party, the expectation is that both parties will make submissions in the early dismissal procedure. The article concludes by touching on actual exercises of the screening power and on developing relationships between it and the early dismissal procedure.
The Proposal for a Soil Directive: An Effective and Robust Instrument for EU Soils?
Authors: Cavallin Elisa
Published: July 2024

Soils are threatened both in Europe and worldwide, predominantly because of human activities (e.g., unsustainable management practices in the agricultural and forestry sectors, soil contamination from the industries and soil sealing due to urbanization and building of infrastructures). Soil degradation and loss come at a substantial cost and have many repercussions on other features of the environment, such as landscapes and ecosystems. All the above prompts the question of what EU law has done to manage and rectify the situation. After the issues encountered in the context of the Proposal for a Soil Framework Directive in the past, the Green Deal and the Soil Strategy seemed to infuse new energy into the soil policy agenda and made clear that the Commission was very much ready for an ambitious step forward, in the form of a Soil Directive. However, while the proposed Directive covers important aspects of soil protection and remediation, it also falls short on several counts.
Avenues for Future Transatlantic Transfers of Health Data: Is Less More?
Authors: Houillon-Leonis Julie
Published: July 2024

Recent years have witnessed a significant rise in the importance of protecting health data, especially as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. European Union (EU) data controllers must not only shield their data from unauthorized commercial use, but equally from undue access to such data by United State (US) surveillance authorities. In that regard, the safety and reliability of transatlantic transfers of health data has been seriously threatened since the Schrems II ruling of the European Court of Justice, which invalidated the Privacy Shield.The aftermath of the elimination of a major legal basis for transfers impacts extended fields of data protection; including voluntary transfers of health data to the US, or processing of health data hosted on EU soil by a US company, that may therefore be subject to US surveillance laws. The aim of this contribution is thus to assess, based on guidance from the national Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) and the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), using the French Health Data Hub (HDH) ruling as a recurring example, what legal routes are available to EU health data controllers. Based on an explanation of the factual and legal constellation relevant to the danger displayed by US surveillance programmes, this article first examines the relevance of Article 49 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a legitimate legal basis in the expectation of a better adequacy decision. It equally considers the available approaches towards risk assessment under Article 48 GDPR, and the evident shortcomings in the legal and technical solutions adopted so far to mitigate said risks, especially in France. Ultimately, political alternatives to Chapter v. legal bases, such as the possibility for data localization requirements, or the compromises made in the recent draft adequacy decision, are explored and scrutinized.
The Idea of a Binding Tariff Information for Group Companies under EU Customs Law (‘Group BTI’)
Authors: Kühl Torsten
Published: July 2024

The Binding Tariff Information (BTI) provides legal certainty for the holder of a BTI decision in respect of the tariff classification of a specifically described good. The customs authorities of all EU Member States have to accept a BTI that is issued by a customs authority of another EU Member State. This essay shows that the binding effect of a BTI is too limited and should at least be opened for companies that are organized in a group where one of the companies hold a BTI for a specific good.
EU Customs Data Hub: Data-Driven Approach to Customs in an Ever-Growing Digitalised Custom Landscape
Authors: Doornik Emma van , Groenewoud Gijs
Published: July 2024

On 17 May 2023, the European Commission presented a comprehensive and ambitious framework for the reform of the European Customs Union. This framework comprises of various legislative changes including the Modernised Union Customs Code (‘MUCC’). One of the initiatives of the MUCC is the introduction of the EU Customs Data Hub. The EU Customs Data Hub is set to transform customs processes in the European Union. It will serve as a centralised Information Technology environment that will streamline the submission of data by customs actors involved in the movement of goods into and out of the European Union. It enables a more data-driven approach to customs combatting fraud and evasion whilst facilitating compliant traders. This article examines the EU Customs Data Hub in regard of these objectives laid down by the European Commission, its background and its context in relation to developments in other areas of taxation. In addition, this article highlights the introduction of the Trust & Check Trader facility, which can be closely linked to the new approach to customs processes and controls.
A Responsabilidade Civil do Árbitro por Sentença Arbitral Anulada
Authors: Porto Aline Piteres
Published: July 2024

span style="font-family: ZurichBT-LightCondensed, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"Resumo: /spanA anulação de sentença arbitral é matéria relevante tanto para árbitros quanto para litigantes. Inevitavelmente, o ajuizamento de uma ação anulatória implicará dispêndio de tempo e recursos financeiros, além de prejudicar e/ou protelar a execução do título executivo judicial obtido. Questiona-se, então, a possibilidade de responsabilização de árbitros por suas sentenças arbitrais anuladas. Ocorre que se, por um lado, há uma necessidade de reparação de eventual dano sofrido pelas partes litigantes; por outro, uma responsabilização ilimitada do árbitro prejudicaria o adequado exercício da jurisdição, dissuadindo profissionais competentes de exercer referida função. Uma responsabilidade descomedida ainda poderia submeter o árbitro aos desagrados dos litigantes, obstruindo a sua independência para julgar e, portanto, comprometendo a própria essência da arbitragem. Diante disso, importa avaliar a incidência e os parâmetros da responsabilidade civil do árbitro pela anulação da sentença arbitral, partindo de uma análise da função exercida por esse profissional, até a avaliação de cada uma das hipóteses de anulação da sentença arbitral prevista no Direito brasileiro.span style="font-family: ZurichBT-LightCondensed, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"Abstract: /spanThe annulment of an arbitral award is a relevant matter to both arbitrators and litigants. Inevitably, the filing of an annulment will involve expenditure of time and financial resources, in addition to jeopardizing and/or delaying the enforcement of the award. Accordingly, the possibility of arbitrators being held liable for their annulled awards should be discussed. Nonetheless, if on the one hand there is a need to repair a damage suffered by the parties, on the other hand, an unlimited liability regarding the arbitrators would impair the proper exercise of the arbitral jurisdiction, dissuading competent professionals from exercising that role. An unlimited liability would also subject the arbitrator to the will of the parties, a fact that would ultimately obstruct their independence to judge, and therefore compromise the essence of the arbitration itself. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the occurrence of and the parameters to evaluate arbitrators’ civil liability for the annulment of an arbitral award, starting with an analysis of the role performed by this professional, up to the evaluation of each one of the hypotheses of annulment of the arbitration award provided in Brazilian law.span style="font-family: ZurichBT-LightCondensed, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"Sumário: /spanIntrodução; 1 A responsabilidade civil do árbitro; 2 Error in procedendo v. error in judicando; 3 Tratamento legal; 4 A responsabilidade civil do árbitro pela anulação da sentença arbitral; 5 Sanções impostas aos árbitros; Conclusão.
Judicial Review of the EU Own Resources Decision by the ECJ
Authors: Dürr Jakob
Published: July 2024

The European Union must finance the repayment of the debt it has contracted through Next Generation EU (NGEU). This has brought a new dynamic to the debate on the reform of its financial order. The ideas put forward in this context are diverse and sometimes unorthodox, thereby provoking questions on the legal limits set by the existing Treaty framework. The article complements this debate by focusing on the specific instrument that determines the resources available to the EU – the Own Resources Decision (ORD) pursuant to Article 311(3) TFEU. It seeks to answer one question: What is the correct legal framework the European Court of Justice (ECJ) would have to apply in a case in which it is asked to rule on the legality or validity of the ORD? To explore this question, it analyses the legal requirements contained in Article 311(3) TFEU, discusses the legal nature of the ORD, and examines what type of review the ECJ would be able to exercise regarding its different procedural and substantive aspects.
Measures to educate cooperative skills for 5-6 year old children through themed role-playing games in preschool
Authors: Mai Nguyen Nhu
Published: July 2024

Collaboration skills play an important role in human life. It has an impact on children's future development, so developing this ability for children is very necessary. Games in general and themed role-playing games in particular are of great importance for the comprehensive development of young children. The community members of preschool children in Kindergarten are very diverse and rich. Community members contribute to resolving conflicts within children and have very important meanings for children's souls. For children, play is life. Therefore, organizing community sports games in preschools has a special meaning.
Computer cooking vs. problem solving
Authors: Csernoch Mária , Nagy Tímea , Csernoch Júlia
Published: July 2024

Computer cooking is a task-related phenomenon where students (end-users) must blindly follow a long list of orders without any connection to the content of the problem, if there is any. Despite its low efficacy, this method is widely used and accepted in informatics both in the learning-teaching process and testing. The National Base Curriculum 2020 in Hungary is in complete accordance with the ‘Informatics Reference Framework for Schools’, but the course books hardly use the latest results of computer education research. The present paper provides examples of how the results of computer education research can be integrated into teaching-learning materials and classroom practices and discusses the effectiveness and consequences of the different solutions, where tool-centred approaches are compared to problem-focused solutions.
Subject Classification: 94-01
Structural features of the Kungur salt-bearing formation and salt tectonics in the South-East of North Caspian Basin
Authors: Ibrashev Kenzhebek N. , Akhmetzhanov Aitbek Z. , Zhemchuzhnikov Vyacheslav G. , Akhmetzhanova Gauhar A. , Uvakova Saule K. , Galiyev Nurzhan R.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the Precaspian salt basin and salt dome tectonics in the southeast of the depression. It presents a model of a salt accumulation basin that is linked to its isolation from the Paleotethys Ocean and a unidirectional water inflow. These factors resulted in the deposition of evaporites including thick layers of rock salt under conditions of intense aridification. The halotectonic mechanisms responsible for the formation of salt domes and diapirs were found to be active, passive, and reactive. The first and last cases were identified through the involvement of fault tectonics in the development; the mechanism of passive halotectonics is associated with a prograding wedge, or gradual lateral buildup, of the strata and the rise in the load of overlying rocks. Salt domes are considered to be related to the filling of the basin with terrigenous clastics and the movement of salt layers from the sides to the center. Later, salt diapirs were manifested due to tectonic stress during the formation of the northern margin of the Paleo- and Neotethys, its closure and the collision of small Iranian continental blocks, island arcs and accretionary prisms originating from the south of the Caspian basin.
Key challenges of the oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan in the transition to a green economy
Authors: Seksenbay Mukhamedzhan Z. , Mukhamejanuly Sabit
Published: July 2024

Background: The world’s population is currently experiencing a daily decline in mineral resources, aggravating environmental problems and energy deficit, and economic and social instability . The rising number of consumers and the wasteful use of natural resources are two factors contributing to these processes. One strategy to prevent these issues is to find alternative and renewable energy sources and efficiently use resources—the so-called "green economy" transition.
Aim: The aim is to identify the prerequisites for the nation to become one of the developed nations of the world by 2050 by implementing the "green economy" concept and guaranteeing the systematic development of economic, social, and political values of Kazakhstan.
Materials and methods: The research was conducted using generalisation and analysing data from countries implementing the "green economy" programme. The application of general scientific research methods within the framework of a comparative, logical, and static analysis of the Republic of Kazakhstan's "green economy" concept served as the foundation for solving the assigned tasks.
Results: According to the study, the application of the "green economy" concept—which aims to improve living conditions for the populace through the utilising technologies based on the economical consumption of natural resources and the efficient and rational use of renewable energy resources—is unquestionably necessary in order to meet the basic prerequisites.
Conclusion: The introduction of renewable energy sources will improve the energy efficiency of the economy and enable it to move to low-carbon technologies. The transition to a green economy will allow Kazakhstan to avoid the environmental crisis that has already affected many countries.
THE IMAGE OF A WARRIOR IN SOVIET ART ON THE EXAMPLE OF A MONUMENT BY D. M. NIKITIN FOR THE MEMORIAL IN THE VILLAGE OF ASTRACHI, LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: Андреев Д.Н.
Published: July 2024

Д. М. Никитин создал фигуру солдата, которая стоит в ряду других подобных памятников, созданных ранее в советском искусстве. Он взял за основу для памятника часто использовавшуюся другими скульпторами позу. Однако он нашел свое оригинальное прочтение этой темы, не выходя за рамки устоявшейся, шаблонной композиционной схемы. Прослеживается развитие образа воина «зовущего в бой» в советском искусстве с 1943 до 1985 г., когда была установлена скульптура солдата, выполненная Д. М. Никитиным, и производится ее сравнение с этими образцами.

D. M. Nikitin created the figure of a soldier, which stands among other similar monuments created earlier in Soviet art. As a basis for the monument, he took the pose often used by other sculptors. Despite this, he offered his own original interpretation of the theme without going beyond an established, conventional compositional scheme. The article traces the development of the warrior image “calling to battle” in Soviet art from 1943 to 1985, when a sculpture of a soldier made by D.M. Nikitin was installed and compares it with those pieces of art.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEROIC FROM HERO-WARRIOR TO HERO-PIONEER
Authors: Иванов С.Г. , Тимерманис Е.Б.
Published: July 2024

На основании социологического исследования у студентов старших курсов Академии Штиглица выявлены представления о героях и героическом. На основании классификации В. Д. Платова определены наиболее частые упоминания героев-воинов, героев-мастеров, героев-первопроходцев. Выявлены каналы получения информации о героях Отечества.

The ideas about heroes and the heroic were revealed on the basis of a study of public opinion among senior students of the Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design. Based on the classification by V.D. Platov, the most frequent references were determined, such as heroes-warriors, heroes-masters, heroes-pioneers. The channels for obtaining information about the heroes of the Fatherland have been identified.
Eco-Smart Integration Harnessing ESP32 Microcontroller for Solar-Powered Home Efficiency
Authors: Hadizadeh Masali Milad , Zargarzadeh Hassan , Li Xianchang
Published: July 2024

As smart home technology advances, the quest for sustainable energy management solutions grows. This study examines the interaction between solar energy systems and smart home activities, focusing on using an ESP32 microcontroller to regulate lighting and temperature. The proposed system combines sophisticated software algorithms with authentic hardware components to allow for real-time monitoring and control of light and temperature conditions, as well as online tracking of solar system data. Communication protocols and the ESP32 microcontroller create an integrated smart home system that allows homeowners to control their environment remotely using smart mobile devices. Solar panel installation enhances energy efficiency and decreases dependence on traditional grid-based electricity, promoting an environmentally friendly household setting. This study demonstrates how smart home systems may significantly change household energy usage patterns by evaluating hardware design and software execution to ensure comfort, safety, and sustainability. This research showed considerable advancements in energy conservation and improved home environmental control. We integrated smart controllers and light sensors to reduce daily lighting energy consumption from 0.17 kWh to 0.12 kWh, and our smart system reduced the initial air conditioning energy needs from 15.6 kWh/day to 14.48 kWh/day. These results indicate improvements in energy management and home environmental control.
Decomposition of the complete bipartite graph with a 1-factor removed into paths and stars
Authors: Lin Jenq-Jong , Lee Hung-Chih
Published: July 2024

Let P_k denote a path on k vertices, and let S_k denote a star with k edges. For graphs F, G, and H, a decomposition of F is a set of edge-disjoint subgraphs of F whose union is F. A (G,H)-decomposition of F is a decomposition of F into copies of G and H using at least one of each. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the (P_{k+1},S_k)-decomposition of the complete bipartite graph with a 1-factor removed are given.
Regularity in Weighted Graphs a Symmetric Function Approach
Authors: Mishna Marni
Published: July 2024

This work describes how the class of k-regular multigraphs with edge multiplicities from a finite set can be expressed using symmetric species results of Mendez. Consequently, the generating functions can be computed systematically using the scalar product of symmetric functions. This gives conditions on when the classes are D-finite using criteria of Gessel, and a potential route to asymptotic enumeration formulas.
New parity results of sums of partitions and squares in arithmetic progressions
Authors: Hu Weiding , Yao Olivia , Zhao Taoyan
Published: July 2024

Recently, Ballantine and Merca proved that if $ (a,b) \in \{(6,8),\ (8,12),\ (12,24),\ (15,40),\\ (16,48),\ (20,120),\ (21,168)\}$, then $\sum_{ak+1 \ {\rm square}}p(n-k)\equiv 1\ ({\rm mod}\ 2)$ if and only if $bn+1$ is a square. In this paper, we investigate septuple $(a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4,a_5,a_6,a_7)\in \mathbb{N}^5\times \mathbb{Q}^2$ for which $\sum_{a_1k+a_2 \ {\rm square}}p(a_3a_4^\alpha n+a_6 a_4^\alpha+a_7-k) \equiv 1\ ({\rm mod}\ 2)$ if and only if $a_5n+1$ is a square. We prove some new parity results of sums of partitions and squares in arithmetic progressions which are analogous to the results due to Ballantine and Merca.
Anchored Hyperspaces and Multigraphs
Authors: Reyna Gerardo , Romero Jesús , Espinobarros Ivan
Published: July 2024

Consider a multigraph $X$ as a metric space and $p \in X$. The anchored hyperspace at $p$ is the set 
$C_p(X) =$ {$A \subseteq X : p \in A, A$ connected and compact}.
In this paper we will prove that $C_p(X)$ is a polytope if in this set is considered the Hausdorff's metric $H$. Further we will show that, if $X$ is a locally connected compact metric space such that $C_p(X)$ is a polytope for each $p \in X$, then $X$ must be a multigraph.
On 2-adic behavior of the number of domino tilings on torus
Authors: Cheng Weidong , Guo Xuejun
Published: July 2024

We study the 2-adic behavior of the number of domino tilings of a $2(2n+1)\times 2(2n+1)$ torus. We show that this number is of the form $2^{4n+3}g(n)^2+2^{8n+2}(2n+1)^{4n}h(n)$, where $g(n)$ and $h(n)$ are odd positive integers. Moreover, we prove that $g(n)$ and $h(n)$ are uniformly continuous under the 2-adic metric and invariant under interchanging $n$ and $-1-n$. This paper is an analogy of Henry Cohn's results for $2n\times 2n$ squares (Electron. J. Combin. 6 (1999)).
On parity and recurrences for certain partition functions
Authors: Nyirenda Darlison
Published: July 2024

In this paper, parity and recurrence formulas for some partition functions are given. In particular, a new recurrence for the number of partitions of a positive integer into distinct parts is derived and some identities reminiscent of Legendre's partition-theoretic interpretation of Euler's pentagonal numbers theorem are obtained.
Decomposition of complete tripartite graphs into cycles and paths of length three
Authors: Priyadarsini Shanmugasundaram , Muthusamy Appu
Published: July 2024

Let $C_{k}$ and $P_{k}$ denote a cycle and a path on $k$ vertices, respectively. In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the decomposition of $K_{{r},{s},{t}}$ into $p$ copies of $C_{3}$ and $q$ copies of $P_{4}$ for all possible values of $p$, $q\geq0$.
H-absorbence and H-independence in 3-quasi-transitive H-coloured digraphs.
Authors: Galeana-Sanchez Hortensia , O'Reilly-Regueiro Eugenia
Published: July 2024

In this paper we prove that if $D$ is a loopless asymmetric 3-quasi-transitive arc-coloured digraph having its arcs coloured with the vertices of a given digraph $H$, and if in $D$ every $C_4$ is an $H$-cycle and every $C_3$ is a quasi-$H$-cycle, then $D$ has an $H$-kernel.
Combinatorial interpretations of two identities of Guo and Yang
Authors: Merca Mircea
Published: July 2024

The restricted partitions in which the largest part is less than or equal to $N$ and the number of parts is less than or equal to $k$ were investigated by Andrews. These partitions were extended recently by the author to partitions into parts of two kinds. In this paper, we use a new class of restricted partitions into parts of two kinds to provide new combinatorial interpretations for two identities of Guo and Yang.
Direct and inverse problems for restricted signed sumsets in integers
Authors: Bhanja Jagannath , Komatsu Takao , Pandey Ram Krishna
Published: July 2024

Let $A=\{a_0, a_1,\ldots, a_{k-1}\}$ be a nonempty finite subset of an additive abelian group $G$. For a positive integer $h$ $(\leq k)$, we let
$h^{\wedge}_{\pm}A = \{\Sigma_{i=0}^{k-1} \lambda_{i} a_{i}: \lambda_{i} \in \{-1,0,1\} \text{ for } i=0, 1, \ldots, k-1,~~\Sigma_{i=0}^{k-1} |\lambda_{i}|=h\},$
be the $h$-fold restricted signed sumset of $A$. The direct problem for the restricted signed sumset is to find the minimum number of elements in $h^{\wedge}_{\pm}A$ in terms of $\lvert A\rvert$, where $\lvert A\rvert$ is the cardinality of $A$. The {\it inverse problem} for the restricted signed sumset is to determine the structure of the finite set $A$ for which the minimum value of $|h^{\wedge}_{\pm}A|$ is achieved. In this article, we solve some cases of both direct and inverse problems for $h^{\wedge}_{\pm}A$ in the group of integers. In this connection, we also mention some conjectures in the remaining cases.
Conant's generalised metric spaces are Ramsey
Authors: Hubička Jan , Konečný Matěj , Nešetřil Jaroslav
Published: July 2024

We give Ramsey expansions of classes of generalised metric spaces where distances come from a linearly ordered commutative monoid. This complements results of Conant about the extension property for partial automorphisms and extends an earlier result of the first and the last author giving the Ramsey property of convexly ordered $S$-metric spaces. Unlike Conant's approach, our analysis does not require the monoid to be semiarchimedean.
Reconstructing the topology on monoids and polymorphism clones of reducts of the rationals
Authors: Truss John , Vargas-García Edith
Published: July 2024

We extend results from an earlier paper giving reconstruction results for the endomorphism monoid of the rational numbers under the strict and reflexive relations to the first order reducts of the rationals and the corresponding polymorphism clones. We also give some similar results about the coloured rationals.
Graphs where each spanning tree has a perfect matching
Authors: Wu Baoyindureng , Zhang Heping
Published: July 2024

An edge subset $S$ of a connected graph $G$ is called an anti-Kekul\'{e} set if $G-S$ is connected and has no perfect matching. We can see that a connected graph $G$ has no anti-Kekul\'{e} set if and only if each spanning tree of $G$ has a perfect matching. In this note, we characterize all graphs where each spanning tree has a perfect matching. In addition, we show that if $G$ is a connected graph of order $2n$ for a positive integer $n\geq 4$ and size $m$ whose each spanning tree has a perfect matching, then $m\leq (n+1)n/2$, with equality if and only if $G\cong K_n\circ K_1$.
Polytopal balls arising in optimization
Authors: Deza Antoine , Hiriart-Urruty Jean-Baptiste , Pournin Lionel
Published: July 2024

We study a family of polytopes and their duals, that appear in various optimization problems as the unit balls for certain norms. These two families interpolate between the hypercube, the unit ball for the $\infty$-norm, and its dual cross-polytope, the unit ball for the $1$-norm. We give combinatorial and geometric properties of both families of polytopes such as their $f$-vector, their volume, and the volume of their boundary.
Convolution over Lie and Jordan algebras
Authors: El Bachraoui Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Given a ternary relation C on a set U and an algebra A, we

present a construction of a convolution algebra A(U, C) of U = (U, C) over A. This generalises bothmatrix algebras and algebras obtained from convolution of monoids. To any class of algebras corresponds a class of convolution structures. Our study cases are the classes of commutative, associative, Lie, and Jordan algebras. In each of these classes we give conditions on (U, C) under which A(U, C) is in the same class as A. It turns out that in some situations these conditions are even necessary.
Efektivitas Content Writing Bagi UMKM Kreatif Seblak 55 di Kelurahan Rungkut Menanggal Kota Surabaya
Authors: Amalia Amin Rizky , Cordelia Izaak Wilma
Published: July 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat ini melibatkan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kelurahan Rungkut Menanggal, Kecamatan Gununganyar, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Kegiatan pendampingan ini diharapkan dapat memecahkan masalah yang sedang dihadapi pemilik usaha yaitu sulitnya menaikkan penjualan produk melalui konten promosi media sosial khususnya di Instagram. Menggunakan metode content writing, pelaku usaha UMKM diharapkan dapat terbantu dan menghasilkan konten yang berkualitas, menarik, dan dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Dalam prosesnya, metode penelitian kualitatif observasi dan wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui target pasar UMKM, memenuhi kebutuhan calon konsumen, dan memetakan elemen yang menjadi daya tarik calon konsumen melalui konten yang diunggah di media sosial. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pendampingan dengan memberikan materi melalui media PowerPoint dan disampaikan langsung bersama UMKM terkait yaitu UMKM Seblak 55. Pendampingan ini terfokus kepada bagaimana content writing bekerja untuk perkembangan dan penjualan produk suatu usaha, tips dan trik proses content writing untuk menciptakan konten yang berkualitas, serta memperkenalkan beberapa tools yang dapat digunakan dalam proses penulisan.
Pengembangan Pemasaran Digital Pada UMKM Catellia Pastry
Authors: Hesniati Hesniati , Diarti Yen
Published: July 2024

Pengembangan pemasaran digital menjadi suatu keharusan bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) seperti Catellia Pastry guna meningkatkan visibilitas, daya saing, dan penjualan. kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan strategi pemasaran digital yang efektif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan bisnis Catellia Pastry. Metode Pengabdian yang digunakan adalah campuran antara studi literatur, analisis kompetitor, wawancara, dan observasi langsung terhadap pelaksanaan pemasaran saat ini. Hasil Pengabdian ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang profil pasar, perilaku konsumen, dan potensi digital yang dapat dioptimalkan. Dalam pengembangan pemasaran digital, Catellia Pastry perlu meningkatkan kehadiran online melalui platform media sosial, situs web resmi, dan marketplace. Selain itu, strategi SEO (Search Engine Optimization) dan iklan online dapat digunakan untuk memperluas jangkauan pasar. Penyusunan konten yang menarik dan berkualitas tinggi juga menjadi kunci dalam menarik perhatian konsumen. Penerapan teknologi seperti e-commerce, pembayaran online, dan pelacakan analytics dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan memberikan wawasan lebih lanjut terkait preferensi pelanggan. Program loyalitas dan promosi digital dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan pelanggan dan meningkatkan retensi. Pengukuran kinerja pemasaran digital perlu dilakukan secara berkala untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas strategi yang diimplementasikan. Analisis data dan umpan balik dari pelanggan dapat menjadi dasar untuk penyesuaian dan perbaikan terus-menerus. Dengan menerapkan pengembangan pemasaran digital yang holistik, diharapkan Catellia Pastry dapat mengoptimalkan potensi pasar digital, meningkatkan pangsa pasar, dan mencapai pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan dalam industri yang kompetitif ini.
Pembuatan Sistem Persediaan dan Prosedur Pemeriksaan Persediaan pada PT Batam Layer Cakes
Authors: Ramadana Mariska , Irawan Helen
Published: July 2024

UMKM menjadi salah satu indikator penting dalam peningkatan ekonomi Indonesia. Dengan peningkatan UMKM memicu persaingan yang ketat sehingga mendorong para pemilik usaha untuk melakukan sebuah strategi dalam meningkatkan penjualan bisnis usahanya. Salah satu strateginya adalah persediaan perusahaan. Persediaan memiliki peranan penting utama dalam bisnis makanan. Hal ini yang mendasari perancangan sistem pencatatan dan standar operasional prosedur persediaan untuk mitra agar dapat terkelola dengan baik. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan pada PT Batam Layer Cakes (BLC), perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang makanan, menjual berbagai varian kue lapis dan aneka kue kering. Dengan beragam jenis kue dan rasa yang sangat lezat, BLC menjadi bagian dari toko lapis terfavorit di Batam. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, pengumpulan informasi dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil rancangan terdiri dari form daftar karyawan, daftar pemasok, pencatatan keluar masuk persediaan, kartu stok, hingga laporan persediaan serta prosedur pengelolaan persediaan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memudahkan BLC dalam mengelola persediaan yang berdampak baik pada pengambilan keputusan perusahaan kedepannya.
Pengelolaan Cagar Budaya Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Otonomi Daerah (Studi Hukum Kawasan Candi Borobudur Dan Prambanan)
Authors: Gustafia Hutabarat Dolli , Edi Subiyanto Achmad
Published: July 2024

Dalam pengelolaan candi borobudur dan candi prambanan sendiri masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan, salah satunya dari sistem hukum yang mengatur pengelolaan itu sendiri, dimana dalam pengelolaannya dilaksanakan berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1992 tentang Pengelolaan Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur dan Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan Serta Pengendalian Lingkungan Kawasannya. Dalam Keputusan Presiden tersebut pengelolan Candi Borobuddur  dan Candi Prambanan dilaksanakan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan (Zona 1), BUMN (Zona 2), dan Pemerintah Daerah (Zona 3) meskipun pada tahun 2010 telah ditetapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya yang menyatakan bahwa pengelolaan kawasan cagar budaya dilaksanakan oleh Badan Pengelola. Keterlibatan pemerintah daerah juga sangat minim serta peran serta masyarakat hampir tidak ada dalam pengelolaan candi borobudur dan candi prambanan. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan menerangkan tinjauan hukum terhadap pengelolaan Candi Borobudur dan Candi Prambanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yang pengumpulan datanya dengan cara membaca, mencatat, serta mengkaji bahan penelitian data pustaka. Pembatasan kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan candi borobudur dan Prambanan tentu tidak sejalan dengan konsep otonomi daerah yang pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk menyejahterakan masyarakat.
Pelatihan Digital Marketing dengan Aplikasi Tiktok Shop untuk Pelaku UMKM Desa Gintungan
Authors: Nur Annisa Nenden , Rafly Eka Saputra Muhammad , Cahyono Dwi , Sari Indrayati Fatma , Alif Putra Gunawan Maulana , Putra Widhi Wardhana Erwindhu , Dicha Kusuma Priambudi Prisca , Ari Wulanjati Herlina , Syahrul Maulia , Ahmad Haidar
Published: July 2024

Pengenalan Teknologi Digital Dalam Membangun Perekonomian Desa Menggunakan TIKTOK Shop dilaksanakan di Desa Gintungan, Kecamatan Gebang, Kabupaten Purworejo pada tanggal 27 Januari 2024. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 25 orang peserta, yang terdiri dari bapak ibu UMKM Desa Gintungan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam memanfaatkan teknologi digital, khususnya TikTok Shop, untuk membangun perekonomian desa. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode sosialisasi dan penyuluhan. Pada sesi sosialisasi, peserta diberikan materi tentang pengertian, manfaat, dan potensi teknologi digital, serta cara menggunakan TikTok Shop untuk berjualan. Pada sesi penyuluhan, peserta diberikan praktik langsung dalam membuat akun TikTok Shop, mengupload produk, dan membuat konten promosi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peserta memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang teknologi digital, khususnya TikTok Shop. Peserta juga mampu membuat akun TikTok Shop dan mengupload produk mereka. Namun, peserta masih perlu meningkatkan keterampilan dalam membuat konten promosi yang menarik. Kesimpulannya, kegiatan Pengenalan Teknologi Digital Dalam Membangun Perekonomian Desa Menggunakan TIKTOK Shop ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam memanfaatkan teknologi digital, khususnya TikTok Shop. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mendorong peserta untuk memanfaatkan TikTok Shop untuk mengembangkan usaha mereka, sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian desa.