bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N′-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonohydrazide: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational chemistry
Authors: Baddeley Thomas C. , Souza Marcus V. N. de , Wardell James L. , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: March 2019

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H11N3O2S2, comprises two independent molecules (A and B); the crystal structure was determined by employing synchrotron radiation. The molecules exhibit essentially the same features with an almost planar benzothiazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 and 0.009 Å for A and B, respectively), which forms an inclined dihedral angle with the phenyl ring [28.3 (3) and 29.1 (3)°, respectively]. A difference between the molecules is noted in a twist about the N—S bonds [the C—S—N—N torsion angles = −56.2 (5) and −68.8 (5)°, respectively], which leads to a minor difference in orientation of the phenyl rings. In the molecular packing, A and B are linked into a supramolecular dimer via pairwise hydrazinyl-N—H...N(thiazolyl) hydrogen bonds. Hydrazinyl-N—H...O(sulfonyl) hydrogen bonds between A molecules assemble the dimers into chains along the a-axis direction, while links between centrosymmetrically related B molecules, leading to eight-membered {...HNSO}2 synthons, link the molecules along [001]. The result is an undulating supramolecular layer. Layers stack along the b-axis direction with benzothiazole-C—H...O(sulfonyl) points of contact being evident. The analyses of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces confirm the relevance of the above intermolecular interactions, but also serve to further differentiate the weaker intermolecular interactions formed by the independent molecules, such as π–π interactions. This is also highlighted in distinctive energy frameworks calculated for the individual molecules.
Radical reform and reforming radicals in Australian schooling
Authors: Mayes Eve
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider historical shifts in the mobilisation of the concept of radical in relation to Australian schooling.

Design/methodology/approach

Two texts composed at two distinct points in a 40-year period in Australia relating to radicalism and education are strategically juxtaposed. These texts are: the first issue of the Radical Education Dossier (RED, 1976), and the Attorney General Department’s publication Preventing Violent Extremism and Radicalisation in Australia (PVERA, 2015). The analysis of the term radical in these texts is influenced by Raymond Williams’s examination of particular keywords in their historical and contemporary contexts.

Findings

Across these two texts, radical is deployed as adjective for a process of interrogating structured inequalities of the economy and employment, and as individualised noun attached to the “vulnerable” young person.

Social implications

Reading the first issue of RED alongside the PVERA text suggests the consequences of the reconstitution of the role of schools, teachers and the re-positioning of certain young people as “vulnerable”. The juxtaposition of these two texts surfaces contemporary patterns of the therapeutisation of political concerns.

Originality/value

A methodological contribution is offered to historical sociological analyses of shifts and continuities of the role of the school in relation to society.
Leadership, organizational culture, and innovative behavior in construction projects
Authors: Zheng Junwei , Wu Guangdong , Xie Hongtao , Li Hongyang
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the joint congruence effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on project members’ innovative behaviors in the construction projects setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed hypotheses are tested using polynomial regression with a sample of 217 project managers and employees of different construction projects in China, and plotted through response surface analysis.

Findings

The results of polynomial regressions support the congruence effect hypothesis, indicating that more innovative behaviors of the project members could be elicited by a high level of congruence between transformational or transactional leadership styles and organizational culture. Furthermore, asymmetrical incongruence effects are found wherein project members with lower levels of innovative behaviors when project organizational culture is stronger as compared with when two leadership styles are at higher levels. Specifically, the condition is found under the innovation dimension of organization culture, but higher level of innovative behavior conversely displays when the harmony culture is weaker than two leadership styles.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual model and hypotheses are examined by analyzing cross-sectional and self-reported data collected in China. The findings could be further examined through multi-source or longitudinal, more systematic research.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the pivotal role played by the value congruence of leaders-organizations in motivating employees to be innovative in project organizations. This paper provides knowledge for project managers to help them understand whether and how project members’ innovative behaviors are better motivated by the fit or misfit between the styles of leadership and project organizational cultures. Besides, this study provides the approach or direction for the project leaders training.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to examine the joint effects of leadership styles and organizational culture on innovative behavior based on the person-organization fit theory and from the perspective of value congruence.
All-natural versus organic: are the labels equivalent in consumers’ minds?
Authors: Amos Clinton , Hansen James C. , King Skyler
Published: March 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate inferences consumers make about organic and all-natural labeled products in both food and non-food contexts using the health halo effect as a theoretical foundation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses three experiments to test the effects of organic and all-natural labeling across three product types, food, personal hygiene and household cleaning, while controlling for environmental attitudes.

Findings

The results of the experiments in the context of food, personal hygiene and household cleaning products suggest that both organic and all-natural labeling produce halo effects. Distinct findings are presented across the three product types.

Research limitations/implications

Findings indicate that consumers may make unwarranted inferences about both organic and all-natural labeled products and demonstrates that the health halo effect is a potentially robust phenomenon, pervasive across a diverse array of products. This research used a crowdsourcing platform for sample recruitment. Future research should validate the results of these experiments with other sample types.

Practical implications

This research suggests that consumers may make similar unwarranted inferences for diverse products bearing organic and all-natural labels. These inferences are particularly intriguing given the differing regulatory requirements for the labels

Originality/value

Organic and all-natural labels are ubiquitous in both food and non-food products. However, research on either label primarily exists in a food context and has not directly compared the labels. Understanding the inferences consumers make based on the labels across product types is imperative for both marketing and public policy.
The performance effect of intellectual capital in the Russian context
Authors: Molodchik Mariia A. , Jardon Carlos Maria , Bykova Anna Andreevna
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the contribution made by intellectual capital (IC) to company performance at company and industry levels in the Russian context. It examines the performance effect of IC using a multilevel approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The study combines the resource- and industry-based view. It decomposes performance determinants into two levels of analysis in such a way that it is assumed that IC at industry and company levels has a significant simultaneous impact on company performance. The empirical part of the study uses a database of 1,096 Russian public companies, covering the period of 2004–2014 and divided into 19 industries. The econometric methodology uses hierarchical linear models to estimate the effect of IC in the different levels of analysis.

Findings

The study confirms that the strength of the performance effect of IC is contingent on the industry. Furthermore, the study reveals that industry-level endowment with regard to intangibles contributes more to company performance in comparison with a company-level endowment, in the context of the transitional economy.

Originality/value

The study proposes a novel methodological approach to the performance effect of IC in the Russian context, studying the differences between industry and company effect. The study provides insights to better understand the importance of the politics of IC at the different levels (industry and company) and presents a new empirical enquiry into strategic behaviour regarding IC in Russia.
Self-regulated learning in English-language learners who are persisting despite failure on a high school exit exam
Authors: Krishnan Kalyani , Li Chieh , Kruger Louis , Kimble Edward , Aki Gina , Ruah Rachel
Published: March 2019

Purpose

This study aims to explore whether English-language learners (ELLs) who have struggled to pass a high school exit exam (HSEE) self-report that they are able to self-regulate their learning. It is of interest to find out whether, in addition to limited English proficiency, these students are struggling to exert control over their learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Using semi-structured interviews, the study sought the perspectives of eight ELLs who had repeatedly failed their state-mandated HSEE. Interviews were transcribed using a modified grounded theory approach, and thought units were coded with a focus on the following elements of SRL: self-understanding, goal directedness, flexibility and strategy use.

Findings

Results indicated that all interviewees demonstrated a greater, more specific awareness of their academic weaknesses than their strengths. Half the interviewees demonstrated an awareness of how they learned. Similarly, half of them verbalized that they approached learning flexibly. None of the interviewees reported using evidence-based strategies. However, all interviewees were goal-oriented.

Research limitations/implications

This research approach may limit the external validity of the results. The richness of the data may also be limited because interviews were conducted in English.

Practical implications

The findings from this study have implications for educating ELLs in an era of standards-based education and helping them pass HSEEs.

Social implications

These results also have implications for advancing social justice through informed educational policy.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap in the literature by extending the theory of SRL, which is associated with academic success in diverse students, to ELLs, a rapidly growing demographic in US public schools that is struggling to achieve academic success.
Developing a mentoring programme in the chemical industry
Authors: Santos Marta , Pereira Cláudia , Silva Daniel , Cadilhe Maria Antónia , Cunha Liliana
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse a programme designed to welcome and train new employees, implemented in a chemical industry, privileging the transmission of know-how as a dynamic process where learning is co-constructed in the course of the activity.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of the programme was based on the analysis of the work performed in real context by operators and supervisors. The data about the programme’s evaluation were collected by questionnaire, assessing the trainees’ global development and the impact of the training programme (after six months).

Findings

This paper involves designing, planning and implementing “4 × 4 Training”, a training programme for young trainees. Combining in-class training with an extensive component of on-the-job mentoring, the programme involved trainees, mentors and internal trainers, monitored by work psychologists. The results show both the trainees and the mentors evaluate the programme positively. The professional transmission stands out as an activity that is thought through and defined in group, assisted by a mentoring relationship of mutual learning.

Practical implications

When planning and developing intergenerational transmission processes, it is crucial to consider the organisational conditions, to involve from an early stage the key players of each work situation and to guarantee that the mentoring activity and the productive activity overlap coherently.

Originality/value

It is an innovative process to integrate trainees in the chemical industry in Portugal. The methodological approach and the findings provide a first framework that justifies the relevance of the transmission of know-how through a real work situation.
Teaching Public Economics with Special Reference to Australian and US Cultures
Authors: Abelson Peter
Published: March 2019

This article discusses how teaching public economics is, and should be, related to national cultures. The article shows how the US culture of distrust of government influences the two major US texts (Rosen and Gayer 2014; Gruber 2016) that dominate the teaching of public economics in Australia and elsewhere. By contrast, Stiglitz and Rosengard's (2015) text on public economics emphasises the role of government in providing social welfare. These traditions may be described as neo‐liberal and social democratic respectively. I conclude that the social democratic approach reflects Australian culture and is more appropriate for teaching public economics in Australian universities.
Do Embedded Assessments in a Dual‐Level Food Chemistry Course Offer Measurable Learning Advantages?
Authors: Crandall Philip G. , Clark Jeffrey A. , Shoulders Catherine W. , Johnson Donald M.
Published: March 2019

The 2011 passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act requires managers to teach and verify that employees have learned and are engaged in science‐based food safety behaviors. Instructors using embedded assessments such as clickers can receive immediate feedback on how well learners understand what is being taught, allowing instructors to provide immediate, additional clarification and motivation. The objectives of this study were to: design and implement embedded assessment learning activities for each lecture objective in a combined undergraduate/graduate‐level, food chemistry course; measure students’ performance on three online examinations; and compare students’ performance on objectives reinforced by embedded assessment techniques against those objectives receiving traditional emphasis. For Exam 1, embedded assessment questions averaged 80.0% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 76.4%; for Exam 2, embedded assessment questions averaged 84.6% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 80.6%; and for Exam 3, embedded assessment questions averaged 85.9% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 73.7%. Pooling scores over all exams gave a grand mean of 83.6% for embedded assessment questions and 77.2% for traditional questions. As hypothesized, the average scores on questions reinforced by embedded assessment were considerably higher, 8.3% overall, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher scores. During lectures, students commented on the embedded assessments that then led to further discussion of any unclear points. When the class did poorly, operationalized as less than 80% correct, they petitioned to get a “do over” on the embedded assessment question after a clarifying discussion. Because the students became managers of their own learning, through embedded assessments, it is hoped that they will become more proficient instructors.
Empathy at Knifepoint: The Dangers of Research and Lite Pedagogies for Social Justice Movements
Authors: Ritterbusch Amy E.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, I discuss the ways I have fallen short as a participatory geographer and activist both in my teaching and research practices. I use three critical moments in the development of our PAR collective in Colombia to push debates in geography on participatory research and pedagogy further through reflection on my struggles in the streets and in the university. Additionally, I connect these experiences and previous discussions in participatory geographies with Orlando Fals Borda's discussion of sentipensar (a concept that engages feeling and thinking simultaneously). I draw attention to the Latin American origins of PAR philosophy by placing Fals Borda into dialogue with the protagonists of our social movement in Colombia including human rights activists, homeless drug users and sex workers. In a general sense, this paper is an examination of the challenges I have faced in the contact zones of PAR inside and outside the classroom.
Swedish national population‐based study shows an increased risk of depression among patients with Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Amin Leila , Skoglund Charlotte , Wester Tomas , Granström Anna Löf
Published: March 2019

Aim

Hirschsprung disease is usually treated during infancy. The long‐term impact on mental health has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for depressive disorders in individuals with Hirschsprung disease.

Methods

This was a nationwide, population‐based cohort study. The study exposure was Hirschsprung disease and the study outcome was depression. The exposed cohort included all individuals with Hirschsprung disease, registered in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2013 and the unexposed cohort included ten age‐ and sex‐matched controls per patient. The diagnosis of depression was confirmed by diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register.

Results

The cohort included 739 (76.5% males) individuals with Hirschsprung disease and 7390 (76.5% males) controls. Among the patients with Hirschsprung disease, 35 (4.7%) of the patients had had a depressive disorder and 187 (2.5%) of controls, hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.38–2.84. The mean age at diagnosis of first depression was 21.9 years (SD ± 7) in Hirschsprung disease patients and 23.4 years (SD ± 7), p = 0.236 in the unexposed group. There were no significant gender differences.

Conclusion

We found an increased risk of having depressive disorders among individuals with Hirschsprung disease compared to controls.
Structural insight into Class F receptors – What have we learnt regarding agonist‐induced activation?
Authors: Schulte Gunnar , Kozielewicz Paweł
Published: March 2019

Class F receptors, including the ten Frizzleds (FZD1‐10) and SMO, mediate the effects of WNTs and hedgehog proteins and belong to the superfamily of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). While the recent, high‐resolution insight into mechanisms of GPCR activation provides a better understanding of receptor activation in Class A, B and C GPCRs, it remains unclear how Class F receptors bind their ligands, how ligand binding is translated to receptor activation and how signal initiation and specification are achieved. Here, we summarize recent efforts in elucidating Class F receptor structure and activation mechanisms and critically discuss the progress made in this area. A better understanding of the activation mechanisms of Class F receptors is required to engage in mechanism‐based and structure‐guided drug discovery to exploit the large therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors pharmacologically.
Retrograde perfusion in isolated perfused mouse lungs—Feasibility and effects on cytokine levels and pulmonary oedema formation
Authors: Krabbe Julia , Ruske Nadine , Kanzler Stephanie , Reiss Lucy Kathleen , Ludwig Andreas , Uhlig Stefan , Martin Christian
Published: March 2019

Retrograde lung vascular perfusion can appear in high‐risk surgeries. The present report is the first to study long‐term retrograde perfusion of isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPLs) and to use the tyrosine kinase ephB4 and its ligand ephrinB2 as potential markers for acute lung injury. Mouse lungs were subjected to anterograde or retrograde perfusion with normal‐pressure ventilation (NV) or high‐pressure ventilation (=overventilation, OV) for 4 hours. Outcome parameters were cytokine, ephrinB2 and ephB4 levels in perfusate samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the wet‐to‐dry ratio. Anterograde perfusion was feasible for 4 hours, while lungs receiving retrograde perfusion presented considerable collapse rates. Retrograde perfusion resulted in an increased wet‐to‐dry ratio when combined with high‐pressure ventilation; other physiological parameters were not affected. Cytokine levels in BAL and perfusate, as well as levels of soluble ephB4 in BAL were increased in OV, while soluble ephrinB2 BAL levels were increased in retrograde perfusion. BAL levels of ephrinB2 and ephB4 were also determined in vivo, including mice ventilated for 7 hours with normal‐volume ventilation (NVV) or high‐volume ventilation (HVV) with increased levels of ephB4 in HVV BAL compared to NVV. Retrograde perfusion in IPL is limited as a routine method to investigate effects due to collapse for yet unclear reasons. If successful, retrograde perfusion has an influence on pulmonary oedema formation. In BAL, ephrinB2 seems to be up‐regulated by flow reversal, while ephB4 is a marker for acute lung injury.
Routine sequencing in CLL has prognostic implications and provides new insight into pathogenesis and targeted treatments
Authors: Hu Boyu , Patel Keyur P. , Chen Hsiang‐Chun , Wang Xuemei , Wang Feng , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Routbort Mark J. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Medeiros Leonard J. , Yin Cheng C. , Zuo Zhuang , Ok Chi Y. , Loghavi Sanam , Tang Guilin , Tambaro Francesco P. , Thompson Philip , Burger Jan , Jain Nitin , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Bose Prithviraj , Estrov Zeev , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G.
Published: March 2019

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterised by genomic alterations and gene mutations that may portend worse survival or resistance to treatments. A total of 680 blood or bone marrow samples underwent targeted sequencing of 29 genes previously identified as being mutated in CLL, which were correlated to known prognostic clinical characteristics. Overall, 400 (59%) patients were treatment‐naïve (TN) and 280 (41%) were relapsed/refractory (R/R). Most patients (70%) had ≥1 mutation, with TP53 (22%), SF3B1 (18%), NOTCH1 (13%) and ATM (13%) being the most commonly mutated genes. A higher proportion of R/R patients had mutations in SF3B1 (P = 0·01) and TP53 (P < 0·001). Patients with mutated IGHV CLL more often had mutations in KLHL6 (P = 0·001) and MYD88 (P < 0·001). Pairwise associations showed mutational co‐occurrences in the TN group including SF3B1/ATM [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0·05] and NOTCH1/POT1 (FDR < 0·01). Recurrent mutations resulting in premature truncation prior to the ubiquitination domains of NOTCH1 in its PEST domain and BIRC3 in its RING domain can produce proteins that constitutively activate CLL. Frequent missense mutations, such as K700E in SF3B1 and E571K in XPO1, have unknown function but are most likely to be activating mutations. Future directions include using these mutations to identify pathways for therapeutic targeting and rational drug design.
Plasma histamine elevation in a large cohort of sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Allali Slimane , Lionnet François , Mattioni Sarah , Callebert Jacques , Stankovic Stojanovic Katia , Bachmeyer Claude , Arlet Jean‐Benoit , Brousse Valentine , de Montalembert Mariane , Chalumeau Martin , Grateau Gilles , Maciel Thiago T. , Launay Jean‐Marie , Hermine Olivier , Georgin‐Lavialle Sophie
Published: March 2019

The role of mast cells has been questioned in sickle cell disease (SCD). We performed a prospective study evaluating plasma histamine and tryptase levels in a cohort of paediatric and adult patients, in steady state (n = 132) and during vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) (n = 121). Histamine level was elevated in 18% of patients in steady state and in 61% during VOC. Median histamine level was significantly higher during VOC than in steady state (24·1 [7·0–45·0] vs 9·6 [6·2–14·4] nmol/l, P < 0·0001). Tryptase level was slightly increased during VOC without reaching pathological values. These results suggest a role of mast cell activation in SCD pathophysiology.
The role of plasma exchange in the management of autoimmune disorders
Authors: Zanatta Elisabetta , Cozzi Martina , Marson Piero , Cozzi Franco
Published: March 2019

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been mainly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The main mechanisms of action of TPE include the removal of circulating autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement components, cytokines and adhesion molecules, along with sensitization of antibody‐producing cells to immunosuppressant agents. TPE is useful in autoimmune haematological, renal, rheumatic and neurological diseases, and is recommended for acute disorders, together with relapsed or worsened chronic diseases that are often unresponsive to conventional treatments. The American Society for Apheresis and the British Society of Haematology have published guidelines on the clinical use of apheresis procedures, indicating the different levels of efficacy of TPE. Based on the evidence from current literature and our personal experience, this review discusses the indications and the suggested regimens for TPE in autoimmune haematological and non‐haematological disorders.
Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors, liver X and retinoid X receptors, for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fitz Nicholas F. , Nam Kyong Nyon , Koldamova Radosveta , Lefterov Iliya
Published: March 2019

After 15 years of research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics, including billions of US dollars provided by federal agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and private foundations, there are still no meaningful therapies that can delay the onset or slow the progression of AD. An understanding of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms in familial and sporadic forms of AD are very similar led to the assumption that pharmacological inhibition of secretases or immunological approaches to clear amyloid depositions in the brain would have been the core to drug discovery strategies and successful therapies. However, there are other understudied approaches including targeting genes, gene networks, and metabolic pathways outside the proteolytic processing of APP. The advancement of newly developed sequencing technologies and mass spectrometry, as well as the availability of animal models expressing human apolipoprotein E isoforms, has been critical in rationalizing additional AD therapeutics. The purpose of this review is to present one of those approaches, based on the role of ligand‐activated nuclear liver X and retinoid X receptors in the brain. This therapeutic approach was initially proposed utilizing in vitro models 15 years ago and has since been examined in numerous studies using AD‐like mouse models.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
Chemistry, pharmacology, and cellular uptake mechanisms of thiometallate sulfide donors
Authors: Durham Tom , Zander David , Stomeo Niccolò , Minnion Magdalena , Hogarth Graeme , Feelisch Martin , Singer Mervyn , Dyson Alex
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose

A clinical need exists for targeted, safe, and effective sulfide donors. We recently reported that ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) belongs to a new class of sulfide‐releasing drugs. Here, we investigated the cellular uptake mechanisms of this drug class compared to sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and the effects of a thiometallate tungsten congener of ATTM, ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATTT).

Experimental Approach

In vitro H2S release was determined by headspace gas sampling of vials containing dissolved thiometallates. Thiometallate and NaHS bioactivity was assessed by spectrophotometry‐derived sulfhaemoglobin formation. Cellular uptake dependence on the anion exchange protein (AE)‐1 was investigated in human red blood cells. ATTM/glutathione interactions were assessed by LC–MS/MS. Rodent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies focused on haemodynamics and inhibition of aerobic respiration.

Key Results

ATTM and ATTT both exhibit temperature‐, pH‐, and thiol‐dependence of sulfide release. ATTM/glutathione interactions revealed the generation of inorganic and organic persulfides and polysulfides. ATTM showed greater ex vivo and in vivo bioactivity over ATTT, notwithstanding similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Cellular uptake mechanisms of the two drug classes are distinct; thiometallates show dependence on AE‐1, while hydrosulfide itself was unaffected by inhibition of this pathway.

Conclusions and Implications

The cellular uptake of thiometallates relies upon a plasma membrane ion channel. This advances our pharmacological knowledge of this drug class, and further supports their utility as cell‐targeted sulfide donor therapies. Our results indicate that, as a more stable form, ATTT is better suited as a copper chelator. ATTM, a superior sulfide donor, may additionally participate in intracellular redox recycling.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc
Long noncoding RNA ENST00000413528 sponges microRNA‐593‐5p to modulate human glioma growth via polo‐like kinase 1
Authors: Zhang Ren , Wei Ruo‐Lun , Du Wei , Zhang Li‐Wei , Du Tao , Geng Ya‐Dong , Wei Xin‐ting
Published: March 2019

Aims

In this study, we examined the expression of lncRNA ENST00000413528 in glioma and determined its role in glioma development.

Methods

LncRNA ENST00000413528 was detected in glioma tissues by lncRNA microarray. Then, we performed real‐time PCR, CCK‐8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, caspase‐3/7 assay and animal experiment to detect the function of ENST00000413528 in glioma after ENST00000413528 knockdown. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay western blotting indicated possible downstream regulatory molecules. The expression of PLK1 in glioma tissues was also examined by immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

Expression of ENST00000413528 was significantly increased in glioma tissues and LN229 and U251 cells. PLK1 protein could not be detected in peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) tissues; however, it showed an increasing number of positively cytoplasmic stained from WHO‐Grade II to Grade III gliomas. Knockdown of ENST00000413528 in glioma cells inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation abilities, induced the G0/G1 arrest of the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. The dual reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay verified the interaction between ENST00000413528 and miR‐593. We also demonstrated that polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) was regulated by miR‐593; PLK1 messenger RNA lacking 3’UTR partially reversed the effects caused by ENST00000413528 knockdown or miR‐593 upregulation.

Conclusion

lncRNA ENST00000413528 is closely related to the development of glioma via the miR‐593‐5p/PLK1 pathway.
Prevalence and determinants of exercise‐induced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Honegger Ursina , Walter Joan E. , Mueller Deborah , Puelacher Christian , Schaerli Nicolas , Twerenbold Raphael , Badertscher Patrick , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Wussler Desiree , Pfister Otmar , Jeger Raban , Kaiser Christoph , Wild Damian , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno , Reichlin Tobias , Mueller Christian
Published: March 2019

Background

The phenomenon of exercise‐induced left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) is incompletely understood. Better understanding of its prevalence and determinants might help to address the current potential oversimplification of the relation between physical activity and cardiac health in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

We prospectively assessed the prevalence and determinants of exercise‐induced LVD in patients with stable CAD and normal LV function at rest undergoing bicycle rest/stress myocardial perfusion imaging single‐photon emission computed tomography (MPI‐SPECT). Exercise‐induced LVD was defined as a relevant (5% or more) drop in left ventricular ejection fraction after maximal exercise. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I/T (Hs‐cTnI/T) and N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations were measured before exercise to quantify cardiomyocyte injury and hemodynamic cardiac stress, respectively.

Results

Among 317 patients, exercise‐induced LVD was present in 83 (26%) patients. Exercise‐induced LVD was associated with the extent of exercise‐inducible myocardial ischaemia as well as transient ischaemic dilatation. Still, 43% of patients developing exercise‐induced LVD did not have functionally relevant CAD. Neither baseline characteristics, nor the quantification of the extent of cardiomyocyte injury and hemodynamic cardiac stress using hs‐cTnI/T and NT‐proBNP concentrations, respectively, allowed predicting exercise‐induced LVD.

Conclusion

One out of four patients with stable CAD develops exercise‐induced LVD after bicycle exercise test. While the extent of exercise‐inducible myocardial ischaemia is a predictor, other still unrecognized mechanisms also seem to play a major role, as nearly half of all patients with exercise‐induced LVD do not have functionally relevant CAD.
Low rates of acute and chronic GVHD with ATG and PTCy in matched and mismatched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplants
Authors: Prem Shruti , Atenafu Eshetu G , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Loach David , Law Arjun , Lam Wilson , Michelis Fotios V. , Thyagu Santhosh , Kim Dennis (Dong Hwan) , Howard Lipton Jeffrey , Kumar Rajat , Viswabandya Auro
Published: March 2019

Introduction

We evaluated the combination of ATG and PTCy for GVHD prophylaxis in matched and mismatched unrelated PBSCTs for high‐risk hematological malignancies.

Methods

We treated 102 patients with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) with fludarabine, busulfan, and TBI 200 cGy. GVHD prophylaxis included rabbit ATG (thymoglobulin at total dose of 4.5 mg/kg divided over days −3 to −1), PTCy (50 mg/kg/day on day +3 and on day +4), and cyclosporine. Clinical and outcome data were collected retrospectively.

Results

Among 102 patients, 76 patients received 10/10 MUD transplants and 26 patients received 9/10 mismatched transplants. The median age was 59 years. At a median follow‐up of 15 months (range 0.6 to −33 months), the 1‐year OS in MUD and MMUD cohort was 75% and 50%, respectively (P = 0.027). The corresponding one‐year PFS was 67% and 35%, respectively (P = 0.0024). The incidence of grade 3‐4 acute GVHD was 11.8% in MUD and 3.8% in MMUD group, and that of NIH stage moderate/severe chronic GVHD in the 2 groups was 10.5% and 7.6%, respectively. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation was seen in 49% patients. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 21.1% in the MUD group and 42.3% in the MMUD group.

Conclusion

Our experience shows that PTCy and ATG can be combined for GVHD prophylaxis in matched unrelated donor PBSCTs with low rates of Gr3‐4 acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, and acceptable relapse rates.
Are Survey Experiments as Valid as Field Experiments in Management Research? An Empirical Comparison Using the Case of Ethnic Employment Discrimination
Authors: Wulff Jesper N. , Villadsen Anders R.
Published: March 2019

Field experiments have long been the gold standard in studies of organizational topics such as ethnic discrimination in recruitment. The recent use of survey experiments, also known as experimental vignettes, suggests that some researchers believe that survey experiments could be used as an alternative to field experiments. In this study we put this notion to the test. We perform a field experiment followed by two survey experiments on ethnic discrimination in recruitment. While the results of our field experiment are consistent with previous evidence on discrimination, one survey experiment concludes no difference between native and immigrant employees while another concludes positive discrimination. These results should invoke caution in researchers wanting to investigate organizational topics using survey experiments.
Farriery for the foal: A review part 2: Therapeutic farriery
Authors: O'Grady S. E.
Published: March 2019

The extensive nature of this topic warrants this review paper to be divided into two parts: ‘Basic trimming in foals’ and ‘Therapeutic farriery in foals’. Management of the feet and limbs during this juvenile period will often dictate the success of the foal as a sales yearling or mature sound athlete. Overall hoof care in the foal is often a joint venture between the veterinarian and the farrier. The orthopaedic disorders discussed in this paper that require input from the two professions are flexural limb deformities (FLD) and angular limb deformities (ALD). The concept of protecting the foot from the deleterious effects of mal‐loading created by manyFLDs andALDs is just as important as using the symptomatology as an instrument to correct the deformity. This paper presents a review of the current information regarding the farriery for these two limb deformities while dispelling some of the anecdotal methodology, such as the use of toe extensions to treat flexural deformities, that presently exists. Considering the deficiency of information in the literature, segments of this text will be based on the author's extensive clinical practice, comprehensive clinical records and comparisons of case outcomes.
Multifunctionality debt in global drylands linked to past biome and climate
Authors: Ye Jian‐Sheng , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Soliveres Santiago , Maestre Fernando T.
Published: March 2019

Past vegetation and climatic conditions are known to influence current biodiversity patterns. However, whether their legacy effects affect the provision of multiple ecosystem functions, that is, multifunctionality, remains largely unknown. Here we analyzed soil nutrient stocks and their transformation rates in 236 drylands from six continents to evaluate the associations between current levels of multifunctionality and legacy effects of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) desert biome distribution and climate. We found that past desert distribution and temperature legacy, defined as increasing temperature from LGM, were negatively correlated with contemporary multifunctionality even after accounting for predictors such as current climate, soil texture, plant species richness, and site topography. Ecosystems that have been deserts since the LGM had up to 30% lower contemporary multifunctionality compared with those that were nondeserts during the LGM. In addition, ecosystems that experienced higher warming rates since the LGM had lower contemporary multifunctionality than those suffering lower warming rates, with a ~9% reduction per extra degree Celsius. Past desert distribution and temperature legacies had direct negative effects, while temperature legacy also had indirect (via soil sand content) negative effects on multifunctionality. Our results indicate that past biome and climatic conditions have left a strong “functionality debt” in global drylands. They also suggest that ongoing warming and expansion of desert areas may leave a strong fingerprint in the future functioning of dryland ecosystems worldwide that needs to be considered when establishing management actions aiming to combat land degradation and desertification.
Depression and all‐cause mortality risk in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected US veterans: a cohort study
Authors: So‐Armah K , Gupta SK , Kundu S , Stewart JC , Goulet JL , Butt AA , Sico JJ , Marconi VC , Crystal S , Rodriguez‐Barradas MC , Budoff M , Gibert CL , Chang C‐CH , Bedimo R , Freiberg MS
Published: March 2019

Objectives

The contribution of depression to mortality in adults with and without HIV infection is unclear. We hypothesized that depression increases mortality risk and that this association is stronger among those with HIV infection.

Methods

Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) data were analysed from the first clinic visit on or after 1 April 2003 (baseline) to 30 September 2015. Depression definitions were: (1) major depressive disorder defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes; (2) depressive symptoms defined as Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐9 scores ≥ 10. The outcome was all‐cause mortality. Covariates were demographics, comorbid conditions and health behaviours.

Results

Among 129 140 eligible participants, 30% had HIV infection, 16% had a major depressive disorder diagnosis, and 24% died over a median follow‐up time of 11 years. The death rate was 25.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.0–25.6] deaths per 1000 person‐years. Major depressive disorder was associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.07]. This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P‐value = 0.02). In HIV‐stratified analyses, depression was significantly associated with mortality among HIV‐uninfected veterans but not among those with HIV infection. Among those with PHQ‐9 data (n = 7372), 50% had HIV infection, 22% had PHQ‐9 scores ≥ 10, and 28% died over a median follow‐up time of 12 years. The death rate was 27.3 (95% CI 26.1–28.5) per 1000 person‐years. Depressive symptoms were associated with mortality (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04, 1.28). This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P‐value = 0.05). In HIV‐stratified analyses, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with mortality among veterans with HIV infection but not among those without HIV infection.

Conclusions

Depression was associated with all‐cause mortality. This association was modified by HIV status and method of depression ascertainment.
Missed opportunities to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Italy
Authors: Di Biagio A , Taramasso L , Gustinetti G , Burastero G , Giacomet V , La Rovere D , Genovese O , Giaquinto C , Rampon O , Carloni I , Hyppolite TK , Palandri L , Bernardi S , Bruzzese E , Badolato R , Gabiano C , Chiappini E , De Martino M , Galli L ,   The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Vertical transmission of HIV can be effectively controlled through antenatal screening, antiretroviral treatment and the services provided during and after childbirth for mother and newborn. In Italy, the National Health Service guarantees universal access to prenatal care for all women, including women with HIV infection. Despite this, children are diagnosed with HIV infection every year. The aim of the study was to identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV.

Methods

The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, which was started in 1985 and involves 106 hospitals throughout the country, collects data on all new cases of HIV infection in children. For this analysis, we reviewed the database for the period 2005 to 2015.

Results

We found 79 HIV‐1‐infected children newly diagnosed after birth in Italy. Thirty‐two of the mothers were Italian. During the pregnancy, only 15 of 19 women with a known HIV diagnosis were treated with antiretroviral treatment, while, of 34 women who had received an HIV diagnosis before labour began, only 23 delivered by caesarean section and 17 received intrapartum prophylaxis. In 25 mothers, HIV infection was diagnosed during pregnancy or in the peripartum period. Thirty‐one newborns received antiretroviral prophylaxis and 39 received infant formula.

Conclusions

We found an unacceptable number of missed opportunities to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MCTC). Eliminating HIV MTCT is a universal World Health Organization goal. Elucidating organization failures in Italy over the past decade should help to improve early diagnosis and to reach the zero transmission target in newborns.
Routine screening for HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in individuals undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Assoumou L , Thormann F , Soulié C , Caby F , Dudoit Y , Marcelin A‐G , Goudot P , Blanc C , Coriat P , Katlama C , Costagliola D , Pourcher V
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Given the effectiveness of treatment of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, there are considerable benefits associated with determining HIV/HBV/HCV status. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of systematic screening and subsequent care in an oral and maxillofacial surgery department.

Methods

The anaesthesiologists proposed screening for HIV, HBV and HCV to all individuals of unknown infection status undergoing surgery between 19 April 2016 and 19 April 2017. The endpoints were the rates of test offer, acceptance/refusal and new diagnoses. Seropositive individuals were referred to infectious disease specialists. Associations between age, sex or surgery type and test offer (eligible individuals) or acceptance/refusal (those offered testing) were investigated.

Results

Of the 1407 individuals attending the department, 1322 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Testing was proposed to 899 individuals [68%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 65–71%], 831 of whom accepted the offer (92.4%; 95% CI 90.5–94.1%). Results were obtained for 787 individuals (41 samples were uncollected and three were invalid). Age was the only factor associated with test offer in multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% CI 0.84–0.97, per additional 10 years], and no factor was associated with acceptance. Of the five, three and eight individuals testing positive for HIV, HBV and HCV, four, two and one patient, respectively, reported prior knowledge of seropositivity. The new diagnosis rate was 0.13% (95% CI 0–0.7%) for HIV and HBV, and 0.89% (95% CI 0.36–1.82%) for HCV [three positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests]. All individuals newly diagnosed with HIV or HCV infection received specific antiviral treatment.

Conclusions

Rates of screening offer and acceptance were high. Substantial screening resources are required to decrease the impact of the hidden epidemics of HIV, HBV and HCV infections.