bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Mechanisms of Pollen Typhae in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhou Rongrong , Jin De , Zhang Yuqing , Duan Liyun , Zhang Yuehong , Duan Yingying , Kang Xiaomin , Lian Fengmei
Published: January 2022

Objective. To explore the main bioactive compounds and investigate the underlying mechanism of Pollen Typhae (PT) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) by network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Methods. Bioactive ingredients and the target proteins of PT were obtained from TCMSP, and the related target genes were acquired from the SwissTargetPrediction database. The target genes of DR were obtained from GeneCards, TTD database, DisGeNET database, and DrugBank. The compound-target interaction network was established based on Cytoscape 3.7.2. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were visualized through DAVID database and Bioinformatics. Ingredient-gene-pathway network analysis was conducted to further screen the ingredients, target proteins, and pathways closely related to the biological mechanism on PT for DR, and molecular docking analysis was performed by SYBYL-X 2.1.1 software. Finally, the mechanism and underlying targets of PT in the treatment of DR were predicted. Results. A total of 8 compounds and 171 intersection targets were obtained based on the online network database. 7 main compounds were screened from compound-target network, and 53 targets including the top six key targets (PTGS2, AKT1, VEGFA, MAPK3, TNF, and EGFR) were further acquired from PPI analysis. The 53 key targets covered 80 signaling pathways, among which PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, Rap1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway were closely connected with the biological mechanism involved in the alleviation of DR by PT. Ingredient-gene-pathway network shows that AKTI, EGFR, and VEGFA were core genes, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were pivotal ingredients, and VEGF signaling pathway and Rap1 signaling pathway were closely involved in anti-DR. The docking results indicated that five main compounds (arachidonic acid, isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and (2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one) had good binding activity with EGFR and AKT1 targets. Conclusion. The active ingredients in PT may regulate the levels of inflammatory factors, suppress the oxidative stress, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of retinal pericytes by acting on PTGS2, AKT1, VEGFA, MAPK3, TNF, and EGFR targets through VEGF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway to play a therapeutic role in diabetic retinopathy.
Pruning Growing Self-Organizing Map Network for Human Physical Activity Identification
Authors: Mo Lingfei , Yu Hongjie , Hua Wenqi
Published: January 2022

Human physical activity identification based on wearable sensors is of great significance to human health analysis. A large number of machine learning models have been applied to human physical activity identification and achieved remarkable results. However, most human physical activity identification models can only be trained based on labeled data, and it is difficult to obtain enough labeled data, which leads to weak generalization ability of the model. A Pruning Growing SOM model is proposed in this paper to address the limitations of small-scale labeled dataset, which is unsupervised in the training stage, and then only a small amount of labeled data is used for labeling neurons to reduce dependency on labeled data. In training stage, the inactive neurons in network can be deleted by pruning mechanism, which makes the model more consistent with the data distribution and improves the identification accuracy even on unbalanced dataset, especially for the action categories with poor identification effect. In addition, the pruning mechanism can also speed up the inference of the model by controlling its scale.
High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein and Interleukin 33 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zhong Nongping , Luo Qing , Huang Xiaoyan , Yu Jieqing , Ye Jing , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2022

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by an inflammatory reaction. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and interleukin (IL)-33 are damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and have many characteristics similar to pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of IL-33 and HMGB1 in AR remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of HMGB1 and IL-33 in AR. Methods: Twenty patients with AR (AR group) and 10 normal controls (normal group) were enrolled in this study. HMGB1 and IL-33 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in epithelial cells of the inferior turbinate mucosa samples. Then, the human nasal mucosa epithelial cells (HNECs) were cultured in vitro, and the house dust mite allergen (Derp1) was used to stimulate the cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA assay were performed to detect HMGB1 and IL-33 expression in HNECs. Results: The expression of HMGB1 and IL-33 in the nasal mucosa was higher in the AR group than in the normal group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In HNECs of AR, the expression of both HMGB1 and IL-33 in stimulated groups was higher than that in non-stimulated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, they increased gradually with the prolonging time and the concentration of the added Derp1. Conclusions: The expression of HMGB1 and IL-33 were both increased in AR. HMGB1 and IL-33 may have a close relationship in AR.
Defining the Validity of Skin Self-Examination as a Screening Test for the Detection of Suspicious Pigmented Lesions: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy
Authors: Jiyad Zainab , Plasmeijer Elsemieke I. , Keegan Samantha , Samarasinghe Venura , Green Adele C. , Akhras Victoria
Published: January 2022

Background: Skin self-examination (SSE) is widely promoted for the detection of suspicious pigmented lesions. However, determining screening accuracy is essential to appraising the usefulness of SSE. Objectives: The aim of this work was to pool estimates from studies of SSE diagnostic accuracy in the detection of suspicious pigmented lesions. Methods: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021246356) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA-DTA guidelines. A systematic search of Medline (PubMed) EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant studies. We included studies that examined the accuracy of SSE, either whole-body or site-specific, for detecting change in individual pigmented lesions or detecting an atypical naevus. A univariate random-effects model, based on logit-transformed data, was used to calculate a summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity. Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistic were calculated to assess heterogeneity. A proportional hazards model was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and plot the summary receiver operator characteristic curve. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool to grade study quality. Results: We identified 757 studies, of which 3 met inclusion criteria for quantitative synthesis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity based on 553 included participants was 59 and 82%, respectively. The summary DOR was 5.88 and the AUC was 0.71. There were some concerns regarding risk of bias in all 3 studies. Conclusions: SSE can detect suspicious pigmented lesions with reasonable sensitivity and relatively high specificity, with the AUC suggesting acceptable discriminatory ability.
Niche Overlap between Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii and Helarctos malayanus Raffles within Small Scale Habitat in Punggualas Area, Sebangau National Park
Authors:   University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 7311A, Indonesia, Panda Adventus , Krestina Widya ,   University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya 7311A, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

The Sebangau National Park is a major stronghold for Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) ranging from 6000 â€“ 9000 individuals. In comparison with Bornean Orangutans, very little ecological fieldwork has been conducted to investigate sun bear biology, and there have been no thorough surveys of distribution or population densities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the basic information on niche overlap between these two endangered species, specifically to quantify their relationship within the small-scale habitat in Punggualas area, SNP. Data was collected and measured during 15 â€“ 21 June 2019; using line transects methods. A total of 6580 m was walked along 8 consecutive transects. Bear and aging sign follow Augeri protocols. A total 18 printed mark-claw and 17 Orangutan nests was measured according to the mentioned methodology.Â The relationships between signs use binary logistic regressions (StatPlus for Mac) and PCA model (using R), while interspecific relationships use Co-Occurrence modeling, ESP for Windows. The results showed that there is no difference between bear sign and orangutan nest (c2: 26.249; df :1, p-value : 0.001); While the results on habitat selection between transects is failed to reject the null hypothesis (c2 = 0.29; df :1, p-value : 0.490). The Mann-Whitney U test, also confirmed no distinctive overlap between the Orangutan and the Sun Bear (Z: 0.84; p-value: 0.40). The co-occurrence simulations also revealed significant results (C-Score = 1.00), by means both target animals co-existed in the habitat.Â Obviously, the Orangutan and Sun Bear occupy the same habitat. There is no distinctive overlap between them in terms of tree species selection and having a close interrelationship in terms of feeding ground, whereas the fruiting is not available. The only distinctive difference is that the Bear sign was tend hindering waterlogged terrain.
Physico-chemical Properties and Fish Composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed, Tandag, Surigao del Sur, Philippines
Authors:   Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology- Pagadian City campus, Ojao Melche , Manatadi Ecclesiastes ,   Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology- Pagadian City campus, Logronio Pepito ,   Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology- Pagadian City campus, Raz Julianne ,   Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology- Pagadian City campus, Cudal Maricris ,   Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology- Pagadian City campus
Published: January 2022

The first assessment study in aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed revealed 23 species of fish belonging to 21 families from 22 genera. Species diversity is high, with values 1.88 and 0.42, respectively for Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (â€˜H) and Simpsons Dominance (D). Out of the 21 families, Butidae and Eleotridae had the highest species composition (8.70%). Interestingly, the fish composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed was primarily composed of native (19 spp.), one (1 spp.) endemic, with two (2 spp.) recorded introduced species and one (1 spp.) Invasive Alien Species. The presence of dominant species of native species indicates the healthy state of the freshwater ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed. However, the recently classified Invasive Alien Species of Oreochromis niloticus or Nile tilapia may attribute a negative impact in the river ecosystem that may result in the possible decline of native and endemic fish species present in the area. Whereas, the in- situ reading of some physico-chemical parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the Ihawan Spring Community Watershed river ecosystem revealed that all parameter tested have passed the standards set by the Philippine Water Quality Standards for Class AA (potable water) intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are inhabited and otherwise protected. From the findings, additional study especially on the abundance of recorded introduced and Invasive Alien Species is highly recommended to monitor the population abundance between the introduced, Invasive Alien Species, native and endemic species and to establish a real profile of the aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed.
A PNAB 2017 e o número de agentes comunitários de saúde na atenção primária do Brasil
Authors: Freire Deborah Ellen Wanderley Gomes , Freire Aldelany Ramalho , Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes de , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley
Published: January 2022

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) de 2017 no quantitativo de agentes comunitários de saúde, por equipe de atenção primária em saúde. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, utilizando dados disponibilizados na plataforma e-Gestor da Atenção Básica, do Ministério da Saúde, sobre os 5.570 municípios brasileiros, entre outubro de 2017 e dezembro de 2019. A sobrevida do número de municípios que não reduziram o quantitativo de agentes comunitários de saúde foi analisada segundo a região do país, índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), índice de desigualdade de Gini e porte populacional. A Regressão de Cox foi utilizada para analisar os fatores associados à redução do número de ACS após um mês e, a partir de então, a cada três meses, até completarem os dois anos da publicação da portaria da PNAB 2017, considerando-se p < 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Após dois anos, a maior redução foi observada em municípios das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sul, que apresentaram IDH alto, menos desiguais e com maior porte populacional. Municípios do Centro-Oeste (HR = 1,256) apresentaram maior chance de redução do número de ACS comparado à região Norte. Municípios com maior IDH (HR = 1,053) e maior porte populacional (HR = 1,186) também apresentaram maior chance de reduzir o número de agentes comunitários de saúde. Portanto, após a PNAB 2017, houve um aumento ao longo dos meses no número de municípios que reduziram a quantidade de agentes comunitários em saúde na atenção primária de saúde.
Perfil das internações por neoplasias no Sistema Único de Saúde: estudo de séries temporais
Authors: Machado Analy da Silva , Machado Anaely da Silva , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi
Published: January 2022

OBJETIVO Descrever o perfil das internações pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) por diagnóstico de câncer no Brasil no período de 2008 a 2018. MÉTODOS Estudo de séries temporais da taxa de internação por neoplasias malignas no SUS. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do DataSUS. A tendência foi estimada por regressão linear generalizada, aplicando o procedimento de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS No período de 2008 a 2018, a taxa de internação por neoplasias malignas apresentou tendência crescente no SUS, com variação anual de 10,7% (p < 0,001; IC = 9,4–11,7). Observou-se tendência crescente de internações em todas as regiões do Brasil, com exceção da região Norte, que apresentou comportamento estacionário. A região Nordeste foi a que apresentou maior variação anual (13,5%; p < 0,001), enquanto as regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de internação por 100 mil habitantes, 506 e 325 respectivamente. Observou-se tendência crescente significativa nas internações de crianças de 0 a 9 anos de idade (variação anual = 10,9%; p < 0,001), de jovens entre 10 e 19 anos (variação anual = 6,9%; p < 0,001) e de idosos acima de 60 anos (variação anual = 7,9%; p < 0,001). Entre as mulheres, as internações ocorreram majoritariamente por neoplasia maligna de mama (variação anual = 13,2%; p < 0,001), e entre os homens por neoplasia maligna de próstata (variação anual = 4,7%; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO As internações por neoplasias malignas mostraram tendência crescente, em consonância com o aumento da incidência de câncer, em particular das neoplasias mais incidentes entre homens e mulheres. Apesar da região Nordeste ter apresentado maior variação no período, as regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de internação do país. Observou-se também aumento das internações entre a população jovem (entre 0 e 19 anos) e mais idosa (acima de 60 anos). As internações por neoplasias de colo de útero nas mulheres, embora ainda sejam a terceira causa de internações, apresentaram comportamento decrescente.
Prevalência de sintomas característicos de covid-19 no Rio Grande do Sul: resultados de um estudo de base populacional com 18 mil participantes
Authors: Mesenburg Marilia Arndt , Hallal Pedro Curi , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Barros Aluísio J D , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Hartwig Fernando Pires , Jacques Nadege , Pellanda Lucia Campos , Zelmanowicz Alice de Medeiros , Vergani Daiane Oliveira Pereira , Ries Edi Franciele , Harter Jenifer , Martínez-Mesa Jeovany , Carneiro Marcelo , Estima Sonara Lucia , Heck Thiago Gomes , Silveira Mariangela Freitas da
Published: January 2022

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prevalência de relato de sintomas característicos de covid-19 entre indivíduos com e sem anticorpos e identificar aqueles com maior capacidade de predição da presença de anticorpos contra o Sars-CoV-2.
MÉTODOS: O presente estudo usa dados coletados nas fases de 5 a 8 do Epicovid-19-RS. A presença de anticorpos contra o Sars-CoV-2 foi avaliada por um teste rápido. Avaliou-se também a ocorrência dos sintomas tosse, febre, palpitações, dor de garganta, dificuldade para respirar, alterações no paladar e olfato, vômito, diarreia, dor no corpo, tremedeira e dor de cabeça, desde março de 2020. Então, calculou-se a capacidade de predição dos sintomas avaliados em relação a presença de anticorpos.
RESULTADOS: Nas fases de 5 a 8, 18 mil indivíduos foram entrevistados e 181 apresentaram anticorpos contra covid-19. A proporção de indivíduos assintomáticos foi de 19,9% entre participantes com anticorpos e 49,7% entre aqueles sem anticorpos. Todos os sintomas foram relatados com maior frequência por indivíduos com presença de anticorpos. A divisão da prevalência de sintomas entre indivíduos com anticorpos pela prevalência entre indivíduos sem anticorpos evidenciou as seguintes razões de prevalência: para alterações de olfato ou paladar (9,1), febre (4,2), tremedeira (3,9), dificuldade respiratória (3,2) e tosse (2,8 vezes). Anosmia e febre foram os sintomas com maior capacidade de predizer a presença de anticorpos.
CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de sintomas foi maior entre indivíduos com anticorpos contra Sars-CoV-2. A proporção de indivíduos assintomáticos foi baixa. Alteração de olfato ou paladar e febre foram os sintomas que mais predizem a presença de anticorpos. Esses resultados podem auxiliar a identificação de casos prováveis, contribuindo para o diagnóstico clínico e triagem de pacientes para testagem e orientação de isolamento em casos positivos, especialmente em cenários de escassez de testes diagnósticos de covid-19.
‘Photography’ as a useful method for estimating the density, sex-ratio and body size of the surface-active Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)
Authors: Keeratipattarakarn Kanitta , Tina Fahmida Wazed , Sangngam Rattapon , Thongsri Ketsanee , Suphap Arreeya
Published: January 2022

Estimations of crab density, sex-ratio, and body sizes are difficult. Though the ‘burrow excavation’ method is widely used to estimate these parameters in surface-active crabs, it is destructive to crab populations. Therefore, an alternative, non-destructive method is desirable. This study compared the non-destructive ‘photography’ method with the ‘burrow excavation’ method in a fiddler crab (Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852)) population. Twenty 0.25 m2 quadrats were set out and 4 photos were taken of the surface-active crabs in each quadrat. All crab burrows were then excavated, and the crabs were collected to estimate their numbers, sexes, and body and claw sizes. Afterward, the photographs were analysed to estimate the same parameters by using the GIMP program. These parameters were then compared between the two methods. The results showed that these parameters were not different between the methods compared. This study thus reveals that the ‘photography’ method could safely be used instead of the ‘burrow excavation’ method, and yield the same results.
Humanitarian Law Compliance
Authors: Alley Roderic
Published: January 2022

Ensuring humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations receives constant reiteration but to mixed effect. While international judicial, jurisprudential and investigatory modalities have advanced, requisite State level competencies exhibit marked variability. This paper devotes most attention to disadvantaged States – those that, for whatever reason, lack the judicial, institutional or administrative capacity to ensure humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations. Here a profile of 46 States is selected for review, 20 of which are identified as impacted by previous or continuing forms of armed conflict. Data from the World Justice Project’s 2020 Rule of Law Index is utilised. Chosen indicators assess individual State legislative, judicial, due process, and criminal investigatory capacities as perceived and recorded by local publics and individual experts. A comparative evaluation of this data reveals differences within profiles of disadvantaged States. They are investigated to better comprehend humanitarian law compliance challenges facing such States. They include international cooperation, utilisation of amnesties, and the conduct of armed non-state actors. The paper’s central thesis is that humanitarian law compliance, and repression of its violations, remains inadequate without remediation of the capacity impediments evident in disadvantaged States.
Le Traité de la rosace (Risāle-i gül-ābād) d’Ibrāhīm el-Eşrefī el-Qādirī, cheikh soufi ottoman du XIIe/XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Papas Alexandre
Published: January 2022

La rose (gül en turc) est un symbole bien connu dans le soufisme, en particulier dans la poésie mystique. Métaphore de l’épineuse beauté divine que le rossignol adule, la fleur hérite d’interprétations supplémentaires dans les manuels confrériques, à partir notamment de hadiths apocryphes. L’un de ces écrits, le Traité de la rosace d’Ibrāhīm el-Eşrefī el-Qādirī, cheikh de la branche Eşrefiyye de la Qādiriyya ottomane, explique les significations symboliques de trois représentations de rose sous forme de rosaces cousues sur le couvre-chef porté par les soufis. L’article soutient que les lectures précédentes du traité ont peut-être manqué le véritable enjeu du texte. Pour les mystiques musulmans, par-delà la question du hadith, la rose est bien une métaphore de l’épanouissement du Prophète parmi les humains manifestant la présence de Dieu. Mais plus précisément, la traduction du traité révèle que son auteur envisage la rose comme un signe dont les sens cachés ne sont connus que de quelques maîtres soufis (tels quelques roses dans le désert) ayant reçu mission prophétique et faveur divine.
Fragments de gnose musulmane soviétique
Authors: Dudoignon Stéphane A.
Published: January 2022

Décrit comme isolat de conservatisme, l’islam centrasiatique de l’ère soviétique témoigne, jusque dans ses traits d’archaïsme, de mutations profondes. Parmi elles : la valorisation, par une poésie gnostique persane ou türke de forme classique produite pendant le court XXe siècle, des Voies soufies comme lieu de résistance aux “idolâtries” du moment. Après la disparition des khānqāh (loges) dès la collectivisation, cette invocation est destinée à une audience réduite d’initiés. Elle rappelle l’utilité, en contexte répressif, du dhikr intérieur cher à la Naqshbandiyya. Réinterprétant le principe naqshbandī d’“ascèse en société”, elle insiste également, dans un esprit mujaddidī, sur l’importance de la figure du Guide pour l’approfondissement de l’engagement mystique. Son véhicule est une poésie de forme et de mètre classiques, conjuguant hermétisme et souci d’oralité. Demeurée manuscrite jusqu’au tournant du XXIe siècle, cette littérature est devenue vectrice de processus hagiographiques portés par des lignées sacrées et réseaux de disciples étroitement apparentés, présents sur de vastes territoires. Elle est illustrée ici par un choix de ghazals persans de Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Dawlat Īlākī (1881-1947), maître mujaddidī formé à Boukhara sous les derniers émirs. Actif jusqu’à sa mort dans la haute vallée du Qarategin, son enseignement s’est diffusé sur le territoire de la RSS des Tadjiks à la faveur des déplacements de population d’après la Seconde Guerre mondiale vers les plaines cotonnières du centre et du sud de la république, posant les bases d’une célébration de Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥīm comme saint national.
Whose Country Is Digital India? Unpacking Dominant Power Relations Mediated by the Digital India Campaign
Authors: Singh Anubha
Published: January 2022

This article unpacks the material and cultural implications of the Digital India programme’s rhetoric of social transformation and digital empowerment by asking the question ‘How and whom does digital empowerment seek to empower?’ Through an analysis of the discourse on the Digital India website, this article concludes that the recurring depoliticization and dehistoricization of social differences deliberately make the programme’s intended beneficiaries vague. By flattening structural differences among caste, class, gender, and ethnicity, Digital India’s technopolitics recasts empowerment as an individual issue and naturalizes the myths of meritocracy, castelessness, and genderlessness. Furthermore, in a Hindutva regime, Digital India’s depoliticized technopolitics becomes a tool for managing citizenship that reinforces the status quo. This article argues that, by declining to define a process of empowerment that considers cultural complexities and structural hegemonies, Digital India’s call for digital empowerment remains an empty signifier.
Retaking Mars Hill
Authors: Wiley Daniel
Published: January 2022

Presuppositionalists argue that Paul’s address at Mars Hill offers biblical grounds for presuppositional apologetics and that evidentialists misinterpret the same address in support of their own position. A critical evaluation of this claim requires the examination of six issues in Acts 17:16–34 which have implications for apologetic method: (1) Paul’s pre-Mars Hill ministry in Athens; (2) The captatio benevolentiae of Paul’s exordium; (3) The Unknown God; (4) The parallels to Greek philosophical thought in the body of Paul’s address; (5) Paul’s citation of Greek poets; and (6) Paul’s appeal to the resurrection as proof. A correct interpretation of these issues will prove that the presuppositional criticism of evidentialism is unsubstantiated and that Paul’s Mars Hill address better fits a broad evidentialist apologetic than a presuppositional apologetic.
Does Jesus Endorse Armed Self-Defense in Luke 22:36?
Authors: Hsiao Timothy
Published: January 2022

In Luke 22:36, Jesus instructs his disciples to buy swords. The best understanding of this passage is that Jesus is endorsing the carrying of weapons for personal protection. This article outlines the self-defense interpretation and defends it against several objections. I then argue that the injunction to buy a sword can be extended to gun ownership as a modern-day application. After making the scriptural case for gun ownership, I then sketch a brief philosophical argument for a strong moral right to gun ownership. Various theological, philosophical, and empirical objections are considered and found lacking.
Self-Assembly Cascade Reaction Platform for CD44 Positive Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Miao Haitao , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Yuan Fei , Su Qing , Li Pei , Li Wanyu , Zhao Diandian , Chang Jianhua
Published: January 2022

Lung cancer, as one of the most fatal cancers around the world, is responsible for the death of millions every year. Among various types of lung cancers, the ones overexpressing CD44 is usually associated higher cell proliferation with poorer prognosis. Therefore, finding a way to effectively
treat CD44 positive lung cancer is urgently needed. Here in this study, negatively charged ultrasmall prussian blue nanoparticles (UPBNPs) was firstly synthesized and adsorbed to polyethyleneimine (PEI) together with glucose oxidase (Gox). Afterwards, the PEI was further complexed with hyaluronic
acid (HA) to give a cascade reaction platform (HP/UPB-Gox) for CD44 positive lung cancer therapy. The HP/UPB-Gox with HA shell was able to positively target CD44 overexpressed A549 cells. Upon arriving at the tumor tissue, the Gox catalyzed the glucose of tumor to create H2O2,
which further served as the substrate of UPBNPs, a peroxidase mimic, to finally give highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH) for cancer therapy. Therefore, the cascade reaction formed between UPBNPs and Gox was expected to realize effective treatment on CD44 overexpressed lung cancer.
Low Concentrations of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Cause Severe Cytotoxicity Through Increased Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Xie Shichen , Zhu Jingyao , Yang Dicheng , Xu Yan , Zhu Jun , He Dannong
Published: January 2022

With wide application of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, their biological toxicity has received more and more attention in recent years. In this research, two ZnO dispersions with different particle sizes, small size Zinc oxide (S-ZnO) and big size Zinc oxide (B-ZnO), were prepared
using polycarboxylic acid as dispersant. We found that the S-ZnO nanoparticles showed stronger toxicity on Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells (HPAEpiC) under same concentration. Only 9 ppm S-ZnO could decrease HPAEpiC viability to about 50%, which means that, a small amount of well-dispersed
ZnO nanoparticles in industrial production process may cause serious damage to the human body through oral inhalation. Focusing on mechanism for cytotoxicity, ZnO nanoparticles promoted generation and accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in mitochondria via inhibiting Superoxide Dismutase
(SOD) enzyme activity and reducing Glutathione (GSH) content. ROS in turn opened the mitochondrial Ca2+ pathway and lowered the Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials (MMP), leading to cell death. To simulate the lung environment in vitro, mixed dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
(DPPC) and ZnO nanoparticles (1:1) were incubated for 72 hours and then cytotoxicity was evaluated on HPAEpiC. Results showed that the cell viability was significantly increased, which proved that the DPPC effectively inhibited the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles.
Cryoablation for Chest Wall Trauma: A Brief Report
Authors: Farley Paige , Buckley Colin T. , Mullen Parker R , Taylor Catherine N. , Doll Alissa , Lee Yannleei L. , Butts C Caleb , Simmons Jon D. , Kinnard Christopher M.
Published: January 2022

Respiratory failure secondary to rib fractures is a major source of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients, particularly in older populations. Management of pain in these patients is complex due to the nature of the injuries. We present 3 patients who underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic cryoablation of intercostal nerves for pain control after chest trauma. None of the patients developed post-operative complications related to poor respiratory status such as pneumonia or atelectasis. At one-month clinic follow-up, all patients reported no chest pain and were not using opiate analgesics. In patients for whom there is a contraindication to rib fixation in the setting of unstable rib fractures, cryoablation may be a method by which to improve respiratory status and decrease ventilator dependency due to pain. Cryoablation of intercostal nerves may provide a more durable and clinically feasible solution to aid in the healing process of these patients.
Did Medicaid Expansion Mitigate Disparities in Post-mastectomy Reconstruction Rates?
Authors: Goldenberg Alison R. , Willcox Lauren M. , Abolghasemi Daria M. , Jiang Renjian , Wei Zheng Z. , Arciero Cletus A. , Subhedar Preeti D.
Published: January 2022

Background

Patient and socioeconomic factors both contribute to disparities in post-mastectomy reconstruction (PMR) rates. We sought to explore PMR patterns across the US and to determine if PMR rates were associated with Medicaid expansion.

Methods

The NCDB was used to identify women who underwent PMR between 2004-2016. The data was stratified by race, state Medicaid expansion status, and region. A multivariate model was fit to determine the association between Medicaid expansion and receipt of PMR.

Results

In comparison to Caucasian women receiving PMR in Medicaid expansion states, African American (AA) women in Medicaid expansion states were less likely to receive PMR (OR .96 [.92-1.00] P < .001). Patients in the Northeast (NE) had better PMR rates vs any other region in the US, for both Caucasian and AA women (Caucasian NE ref, Caucasian-South .80 [.77-.83] vs AA NE 1.11 [1.04-1.19], AA-South (.60 [.58-.63], P < .001). Interestingly, AA patients residing in the NE had the highest receipt of PMR 1.11 (1.04-1.19), even higher than their Caucasian counterparts residing in the same region (ref). Rural AA women had the lowest rates of PMR vs rural Caucasian women (.40 [.28-.58] vs .79 [.73-.85], P < .001].

Discussion

Racial disparities in PMR rates persisted despite Medicaid expansion. When stratified by region, however, AA patients in the NE had higher rates of PMR than AA women in other regions. The largest disparities were seen in AA women in the rural US. Breast cancer disparities continue to be a complex problem that was not entirely mitigated by improved insurance coverage.
Bereavement among Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Haider Noor-ul-ain , Zaman Noshi Iram
Published: January 2022

The current study was conducted to explore the bereavement (experienced loss of a loved one through death within time frame of 0–3 years span). Seven adolescents (10–19 years old) with intellectual disability were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through interview guide which was prepared with the help of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development concept related to death. Data was analyzed with content analysis and six major themes were derived, that is, meaning of death, death rituals, religious concepts related to death, reasons of death, grieving perception, and coping with grief. Mostly, concepts were explained under the light of religious preaching and their introjection in the lives of adolescents with intellectual disability. Current study helped in exploration of experiential phenomenon of loss in adolescents with intellectual disability.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Effect on Emotion Regulation and Death Anxiety in Older Female Adults
Authors: Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita , Falsafinejad Mohammad Reza , Zoljalali Tina , Ghazizadeh Cobra
Published: January 2022

This study examined the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy intervention on emotion regulation and death anxiety in old women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population included elderly women aged 60–75 years who were members of the Tehran Municipality Retirees Association in 2020. A total of 30 women were assigned to intervention and control groups (15 persons in each group). The participants in the intervention group received the dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) intervention for 10 sessions while the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between the women in the intervention and control groups in terms of cognitive emotion regulation and death anxiety on the posttest. This therapy can be used for the elderly living in nursing homes and aging associations and institutions.
Novel germanium-polyamide6 fibers with negative air ions release and far-infrared radiation as well as antibacterial property
Authors: Chen Zhi , Ke Huizhen , Wang Jian , Li Yonggui , Jia Hao , Wei Qufu
Published: January 2022

There has been much concern about germanium because of its special atomic nuclear structure to generate negative electrons and far-infrared ray. In this study, novel germanium-polyamide6 fibers were prepared by using micro–nano structured germanium particles as a functional component via melt spinning. The effects of germanium concentration on the morphology, mechanical, negative air ion-releasing, and far-infrared radiation properties of the germanium-polyamide6 fibers were systematically investigated. Besides, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the fibers against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also discussed. Even though the added germanium particles negatively affected the mechanical performance of the fiber, they were distributed well in the polyamide6 substrate when the concentration was increased from 2% to 6%. Increasing the temperature and pressure induced the germanium-polyamide6 fibers to produce more negative air ions and high far-infrared emissivity. The negative air ion-releasing property of the fiber led to antibacterial performance against S. aureus with more than 99% antibacterial rate. The results confirmed the great application potential of germanium in healthcare, medical, home, and apparel textiles.
A Shot of Faith—Analyzing Vaccine Hesitancy in Certain Religious Communities in the United States
Authors: Nagar Sarosh , Ashaye Tomi
Published: January 2022

Vaccine hesitancy in the United States continues to hamper ongoing coronavirus vaccination efforts. One set of populations with higher-than-average initial rates of vaccine hesitancy are certain religious groups, such as white evangelicals, African-American Protestants, and Hispanic Catholics. This article discusses the reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy in these populations, focusing on new trends in religious, political, and ideological beliefs that may influence vaccine acceptance. By using recent data and empirical case studies, this article describes how these trends could hinder the effectiveness of certain vaccine promotion strategies while also improving the potential efficacy of other forms of vaccine promotion, such as faith-based outreach. (100)
A tutorial on a multi-mode identification procedure based on the complex-curve fitting method
Authors: Noppeney Victor T , Boaventura Thiago , Medeiros Klaus , Varoto Paulo
Published: January 2022

Modal identification is a key step in modal analysis. It enables the researcher to extract modal parameters, such as natural frequency, amplitude, and damping from a given structure. There are a considerable number of techniques in the state of the art aiming to address this problem, where multi-mode approaches arise as an appealing choice due to their ability to deal with mode coupling. This tutorial paper focuses on the complex-curve fitting technique, originally conceived for an application distinct from modal analysis. It aims at guiding other researchers by providing a tutorial-like and in-depth analysis of this important method, associated with a nonlinear weighting procedure for improved precision. Additionally, this paper fills a gap on the original technique, which is limited to the ratio of two polynomials, by proposing an automatic parameter extraction technique. The original and improved methods are applied on both simulated and experimental data, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed changes. The proposed procedure is also compared with the rational fraction polynomial method.
Large-scale ab initio simulation of light–matter interaction at the atomic scale in Fugaku
Authors: Hirokawa Yuta , Yamada Atsushi , Yamada Shunsuke , Noda Masashi , Uemoto Mitsuharu , Boku Taisuke , Yabana Kazuhiro
Published: January 2022

In the field of optical science, it is becoming increasingly important to observe and manipulate matter at the atomic scale using ultrashort pulsed light. For the first time, we have performed the ab initio simulation solving the Maxwell equation for light electromagnetic fields, the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation for electrons, and the Newton equation for ions in extended systems. In the simulation, the most time-consuming parts were stencil and nonlocal pseudopotential operations on the electron orbitals as well as fast Fourier transforms for the electron density. Code optimization was thoroughly performed on the Fujitsu A64FX processor to achieve the highest performance. A simulation of amorphous SiO2 thin film composed of more than 10,000 atoms was performed using 27,648 nodes of the Fugaku supercomputer. The simulation achieved excellent time-to-solution with the performance close to the maximum possible value in view of the memory bandwidth bound, as well as excellent weak scalability.
What counts as a voiceable concern in decisions about speaking out in hospitals: A qualitative study
Authors: Dixon-Woods Mary , Aveling Emma L , Campbell Anne , Ansari Akbar , Tarrant Carolyn , Willars Janet , Pronovost Peter , Mitchell Imogen , Bates David W , Dankers Christian , McGowan James , Martin Graham
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Those who work in health care organisations are a potentially valuable source of information about safety concerns, yet failures of voice are persistent. We propose the concept of ‘voiceable concern’ and offer an empirical exploration.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study involving 165 semi-structured interviews with a range of staff (clinical, non-clinical and at different hierarchical levels) in three hospitals in two countries. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method.

Results

Our analysis shows that identifying what counts as a concern, and what counts as a occasion for voice by a given individual, is not a straightforward matter of applying objective criteria. It instead often involves discretionary judgement, exercised in highly specific organisational and cultural contexts. We identified four influences that shape whether incidents, events and patterns were classified as voiceable concerns: certainty that something is wrong and is an occasion for voice; system versus conduct concerns, forgivability and normalisation. Determining what counted as a voiceable concern is not a simple function of the features of the concern; also important is whether the person who noticed the concern felt it was voiceable by them.

Conclusions

Understanding how those who work in health care organisations come to recognise what counts as a voiceable concern is critical to understanding decisions and actions about speaking out. The concept of a voiceable concern may help to explain aspects of voice behaviour in organisations as well as informing interventions to improve voice.
Getting attached to a classic Mustang. Use, maintenance and the burden of authenticity
Authors: Denis Jérôme , Hummel Cornelia , Pontille David
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the relationships consumers cultivate with mass-market commodities while caring for their authenticity. Drawing on a six-year ethnography of classic Mustang owners communities in France, Switzerland and Belgium, the authors show that, far from being a symbolic value only, or a resource into which people can “invest” in a mechanism of social distinction, authenticity can also appear as a burden that weighs constantly on the relationship between people and things. Indeed, throughout their uses and maintenance, the material integrity of classic Mustangs is of great concern for their owners, who apprehend every breakdown or maintenance intervention as threats that could jeopardize their car's authenticity. For the sake of security, comfort or health, because new regulations come up, or because some original parts are not available anymore, classic Mustangs owners compose with heterogeneous elements, constantly reshaping both their cars and their concerns for authenticity. The authors draw on Hennion's notion of “attachement” to describe the intimate relationship that grows through these arrangements. The notion particularly helps to grasp the ambivalence of the bonds between people and things: while they get more and more attached to their classic Mustang, owners are getting more and more worried. Moreover, throughout this growing relationship and the recurrent material interventions it draws on, the car does not remain passive. It progressively reveals itself, sometimes surprising its owner. Therefore, not only is authenticity “in the making” in this process, the contours of the thing itself evolve, as well as the knowledge of its owner.
A Cross-Cultural Study on the Effects of Envy-Evoking Ads
Authors: Ahn Sowon , Jo Myung-Soo , Sarigollu Emine , Kim Chang Soo
Published: January 2022

Ads often feature celebrities or others similar to the target viewer and thereby evoke envy. Envy occurs when people make an upward social comparison, and evoked envy can be either benign or malicious. The authors propose that people with different self-construals feel different degrees of benign and malicious envy depending on who is being envied: a celebrity or a similar other. Three studies were conducted comparing Americans to Koreans (Study 1), Americans to the Chinese (Study 2), and Koreans with different self-construals (Study 3). The results showed that people with high independence showed less benign envy toward the celebrity ad than toward the similar others ad, while people with low independence showed the opposite pattern. People with high interdependence showed less malicious envy toward the celebrity ad than toward the similar others ad, while people with low interdependence showed the opposite pattern.
Experiences and practices of caregiving for older persons living with dementia in African countries: A qualitative scoping review
Authors: Adedeji Isaac A , Ogunniyi Adesola , Henderson David C , Sam-Agudu Nadia A
Published: January 2022

Background

The increasing awareness and diagnosis of dementia in Africa necessitate documentation of caregiving practices to understand local patterns and improve the quality of care. Caregiving in African communities is rooted in informal-communal social organization. This scoping review analyses caregiver characteristics and experiences, and practices of caregiving for persons living with dementia in Africa.

Methods

A total of 152 references were retrieved, with 64 references obtained from PubMed, 85 from AJOL, and three from Scopus. Based on the relevance of titles, 83 references were further retained from PubMed (64), AJOL (16), and Scopus (3). A rapid review of abstracts was done in Distiller SR, and finally, six relevant articles were content-analyzed using Atlas ti 8.4 qualitative analysis software.

Results

All six included studies were published between 2003 and 2018. Four themes were identified: article characteristics, caregiver characteristics, caregiver in context, and caregiver potentialities (challenges and opportunities). Studies reported findings from research conducted in four African countries: three from Nigeria, and one each from South Africa, Egypt, and Tanzania. Caregivers of persons living with dementia typically had eight years or less of formal education, were unpaid, and spent a daily average of 13 hours in caregiving. Cultural thresholds and individual caregiver differences underlie the interpretation of stressors across cultures. Caregivers lack the right training and information as well as support systems to improve their role performance and reduce accumulated stress.

Conclusion

In African countries, informational and educational platforms are essential for improved individual dementia caregiving, vis-à-vis strengthened roles of governments, and religious/traditional leaders and organizations.