bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and milk composition on day seven postpartum in cows
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey, Guner Baris , Erturk Melih , Tavsanli Hakan , Guner Tevhide E.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of somatic cell count (SCC) on the milk yield and milk composition (nonfat solid, fat, protein, lactose, casein) on day 7 postpartum in Holstein cows. Milk samples (n=794) were assessed with consideration of parity (primiparous and multiparous) and seasonal effect (spring, summer, fall, winter). The SCCs of the milk samples were divided into three groups as follows: G1: <105 cells/mL; G2:105 - 4×105 cells/mL; and G3:> 4×105 cells/mL. The mean log10 SCC was 5.19 cells/mL on day 7 postpartum. The SCC values were transformed into log10 SCC. The mean log10 SCC was determined as 4.72 cells/mL for G1, 5.31 cells/mL for G2, and 5.77 cells/mL for G3. The lowest log10 SCC was determined in winter, while the highest milk yield was determined in the spring. While the nonfat solid, fat, protein, and casein were higher in primiparous cows, the log10 SCC numerically increased (5.17 vs. 5.24 cells/mL, respectively) with the higher milk yield of multiparous cows. The nonfat solid, fat, protein, lactose, casein, and milk yield were 9.14%, 3.63%, 3.66%, 5.01%, 2.69% and 33.49kg/day for G1, respectively. A reduction in milk components was evident when the SCC exceeded the healthy udder threshold (>100,000 cells/mL). The critical threshold for SCC can be determined as 100,000 cells/mL for evaluation of the milk component loss in the early postpartum period. In addition, determination of increased somatic cell count by individual measurements as early as possible after parturition can prevent the exacerbation of milk composition loss throughout lactation in cows.
Solidaridad, territorio y aprendizaje colectivo en los conflictos urbanos: la Asamblea General de los Pueblos, Barrios, Colonias y Pedregales de Coyoacán
Authors: Sierra Martínez Andrés
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo analiza la emergencia de redes de solidaridad y de espacios de aprendizaje colectivo como una de las consecuencias de los conflictos socioambientales urbanos. Se trabaja con el caso de la Asamblea General de los Pueblos, Barrios, Colonias y Pedregales de Coyoacán, organización vecinal que emerge en un conflicto por el daño ambiental que produjo un proyecto inmobiliario al sur de la Ciudad de México. Se argumenta que las redes de solidaridad y el aprendizaje colectivo forman parte de un proceso de territorialización con expectativas de justicia ambiental movilizadas en la protesta.
Philosophical Aspect of Forming the Foundations of New Quality of Education by Transforming the Institutional Environment
Authors: SEDOV Sergey , VASILEV Vladimir , BOCHKAREVA Tatyana
Published: May 2022

The research highlights the foundations of a new quality of education formed by transforming the institutional environment. The study's methodology is a complex of approaches, revealing in interrelation the philosophical aspect of the formation of the foundations of the new quality of education - including systemic and personal-activity approaches; logical and historical approaches; qualitative and quantitative approaches; phenomenological and ontological approaches. The foundations of a new quality of education formed by transforming the institutional environment based on the philosophical aspect are proposed to be divided into two groups: objective and subjective foundations. Objective foundations have an impact on the education quality while not being conditioned by the institutional environment. Subjective foundations, on the contrary, are in a direct causal relationship with it. We consider it necessary to single out Informatization and Integration of Society among objective foundations. As subjective foundations, we single out Quality Assurance and the Dynamics of Interests of all participants in the educational, research, entrepreneurial and innovative processes. Subjective foundations are proposed to be considered in the European term Quality Culture structure.
La próstata es una glándula sexual accesoria encargada de producir y secretar el líquido prostático. En la rata macho este órgano está regulado por hormonas tales como testosterona (T) y prolactina (PRL), así como por el sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA), quien, a través de los nervios pélvico e hipogástrico que convergen en el ganglio pélvico mayor (GPM), provee de información sensitiva e inervación adrenérgica y colinérgica a la próstata. Daños en la inervación o alteraciones en los niveles hormonales de T y PRL causan cambios en la citoarquitectura y función de la próstata, sin embargo, un aspecto importante que se ha encontrado es que la actividad sexual contribuye a que se retrase la manifestación de las enfermedades reportadas en la glándula. Por lo anterior, esta revisión tiene el propósito fundamental de mostrar la relación que existe entre el SNA sobre el funcionamiento y la citoarquitectura de la próstata, así como el impacto que ejerce la conducta sexual sobre los cambios que se generan en la glándula prostática cuando se altera la inervación autonómica
Authors: Sánchez Zavaleta Viridiana , Mateos Moreno Alejandro , Cruz Rivas Víctor Hugo , Aranda Abreu Gonzalo Emiliano , Herrera Covarrubias Deissy , Vázquez-Narváez Elizabeth , Rojas Durán Fausto , Suárez Medellín Jorge , Manzo Denes Jorge , Toledo Cárdenas María Rebeca , Hernández Aguilar María Elena
Published: May 2022

La próstata es una glándula sexual accesoria encargada de producir y secretar el líquido prostático. En la rata macho este órgano está regulado por hormonas tales como testosterona (T) y prolactina (PRL), así como por el sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA), quien, a través de los nervios pélvico e hipogástrico que convergen en el ganglio pélvico mayor (GPM), provee de información sensitiva e inervación adrenérgica y colinérgica a la próstata. Daños en la inervación o alteraciones en los niveles hormonales de T y PRL causan cambios en la citoarquitectura y función de la próstata, sin embargo, un aspecto importante que se ha encontrado es que la actividad sexual contribuye a que se retrase la manifestación de las enfermedades reportadas en la glándula. Por lo anterior, esta revisión tiene el propósito fundamental de mostrar la relación que existe entre el SNA sobre el funcionamiento y la citoarquitectura de la próstata, así como el impacto que ejerce la conducta sexual sobre los cambios que se generan en la glándula prostática cuando se altera la inervación autonómica.
ARTICULATION OF THE LUMBAR DEPARTMENT OF DERECEPTION OF INTERVERTEBRAL VERTEBRAL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Privolzhsky District Medical Center FMBA of Russia, Yarikov Anton Viktorovich , Shpagin Maxim Vladimirovich , Perlmutter Olga Alexandrovna ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 39, Fraerman Alexander Petrovich ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 39, Sosnin Andrey Gennadievich ,   Privolzhsky District Medical Center FMBA of Russia, Simonov Alexander Evgenievich ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 39, Kalinkin Alexander Alexandrovich ,   Federal Siberian Scientifi c and Clinical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Gunkin Ivan Vladimirovich ,   Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital, Pavlinov Sergey Evgenievich ,   MC “Mirt", Meredzhi Amir Muratovich ,   8 National Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov,   MC “Clinic named after N.I. Pirogov”, Yavkin Mikhail Nikolaevich ,   Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital, Khoryaeva Oksana Mikhailovna ,   LLC TSSMT “Guarantee”,   Central City Hospital of Arzamas,   Central Medical and Sanitary Unit No. 50 of the FMBA of Russia
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we studied the immediate and long-term results of denervation of intervertebral joints in 30 patients with pain syndrome in the lumbar spine. The criteria for exclusion from the study were-the presence of deformities and abnormalities of the spine, the presence of neurogenic intermittent claudication, signs of compression of neural structures, surgical intervention on the POP in the anamnesis. The catamnesis was collected in 18 patients in the period from 1.7 months to 18 months after surgery. Pain syndrome on a visually analog scale after surgery decreased by an average of 20–30 mm. Subclinically expressed anxiety/depression persists in all patients with a “good” treatment outcome, and the assessment was performed using the hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). According to the Nurick scale, the results of treatment were estimated at level 2 (improvement) in 93.3% of cases (n = 28), level 3 (condition without changes) 6.7% of cases (n = 2). According to the results of the study, denervation of the intervertebral joints is an eff ective minimally invasive method of treating facet syndrome. It allows in the early and long-term postoperative periods to signifi cantly reduce the pain syndrome and improve the quality of life of patients. The authors also assume that back pain is polyethological, which requires careful selection of patients for this type of procedure
COMPARATIVE INDICATORS OF IODINE STATUS AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF THE NORTHERN REGION DEPENDING ON BODY WEIGHT
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Kozlova Lyubov Anatolyevna , Korchina Tatyana Yakovlevna
Published: May 2022

In 112 schoolchildren from the city of Surgut: group I with normal body weight (n = 68), group II – overweight and obese (n = 44), the concentrations of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TTG), free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay methods, as well as the content of iodine in hair by AES-ICP and MS-ICP methods. Signifi cantly higher concentrations of TSH (p < 0,001) in combination with lower T3 (p = 0,047) and iodine (p = 0,027) were found in overweight and obese schoolchildren from the northern region.
SIMULATION ASPECTS OF TRAINING FUTURE OFFICERS IN APPLICATION OF MOTOR RIFLE UNITS TO PERFORM PROFESSIONAL TASKS IN THE ARCTIC
Authors:   Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School (Blagoveshchensk, Russia), Pshenichnikov K.A. , Leifa A.V. ,   Amur State University (Blagoveshchensk, Russia), Makarov V.A. ,   Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School (Blagoveshchensk, Russia)
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The article simulates the process of preparing cadets to perform professional tasks in the Arctic. An important place in the pedagogical processes of modeling is occupied by the model of an educational process. It reflects the form and methods of interaction between subjects of education, technologies for developing and transmitting educational content to cadets, means of teaching and consolidating practical skills. The main goal of such a model is to identify important components of learning in order to optimize it. Despite serious scientific research in this area, at present, the theory of modeling has not found sufficient reflection in the education of cadets specializing in the use of motorized rifle units (Arctic) in military educational institutions of the RF Ministry of Defense. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns in the process of preparing cadets to perform professional tasks in the Arctic, based on the modeling method. The research methodology consists of analysis of scientific literature on the research problem, modeling the process of training cadets specializing in the use of motorized rifle units (Arctic). Research results. The fulfillment of the tasks set will allow successfully achieving the formulated goal, since the above-mentioned structural elements are components of the process of preparing cadets to perform professional tasks in the Arctic. Conclusion. The developed model helps to identify patterns in the process of preparing cadets to perform professional tasks in the Arctic, and its implementation will make the training of cadets specializing in the use of motorized rifle units (Arctic) more successful.
THE IMPACT OF A FAMILY SITUATION ON VIOLENCE AT SCHOOL
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), Volkova E.N. , Skitnevskaya L.V. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The article examines the relationship between the well-being of the family and various forms of violence against a child at school (psychological, physical, sexual violence). The study involved 227 adolescents (131 girls, 96 boys) aged 11 to 18 years. Although in the mass consciousness, well-being is usually associated with the presence of both parents in a family, the data call this statement into question. A big role is played by the family environment: the presence of alcohol or drug addiction in among family members, shouting, fighting, threats. The purpose of the article is to provide the results of an empirical study that allows us to identify the relationship between the family situation and the level of violence that a child faces at school. Research methods. The ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool – children version) questionnaire was used as part of this study. Research results. Children from disadvantaged families are 2–6 times more likely (depending on the type and form of violence) to suffer from violence at school than children from well-off families. This may be due to the fact that children transfer behavioral patterns and social roles fixed in the family to school. Conclusion. According to our research, up to half of all children are exposed to violence at school and at home. Violence at school, in general, is 2–3 times more common among children from disadvantaged families. Teachers and parents often consider physical punishment as a necessary and effective means of controlling children’s behavior. Cases of psychological violence, such as insults, spreading rumors, bullying, and shouting, are not uncommon at school. A number of factors that provoke school violence can be identified: the functioning of the school directly depends on economic, political, social, cultural traditions and trends in the development of society; the presence of an authoritarian and directive management style in school; the general psycho-emotional background of school is characterized by a high level of anxiety of both teachers and students. These reasons undoubtedly make a significant contribution to the problem of school violence, while school violence is conditioned by the peculiarities of the child’s family and family relations. Patterns of violent behavior are undoubtedly formed in the family, and then transferred to the school situation, to relationships among children.
CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION OF SUCCESS IN SPORTS ACTIVITIES AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN INVOLVED IN TAEKWONDO
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafyev, Alikin M.I.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The article defines the value of causal attribution as a cognitive aspect of motivation and the most important determinant of the orientation of the world perception. The article describes the characteristics of the optimistic and pessimistic style of attribution. The features of causal attribution in situations of shared responsibility remain little explored to date. In the process of socialization, they play an important formative role. The experience of such situations at school age is associated not only with educational activities, but with inclusion in sports activities for many schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of a study of the characteristics of causal attribution of successes and failures in situations of training, communication with a coach and competition among schoolchildren involved in taekwondo. The research methodology was the analysis of the problem of causal attribution in situations of shared responsibility on the basis of scientific sources and the results of an empirical study of the causal attribution of the success in sports activity among schoolchildren. The study involved schoolchildren engaged in taekwondo (N = 44) aged from 9 to 12. We looked at how novice athletes evaluate their own contribution, the coach’s contribution to the causal bases of a positive or negative result, and the likelihood of their recurrence in the future. A questionnaire with rating scales was used as a method for obtaining empirical data. Mathematical processing included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using Spearman’s coefficient. The research results showed that novice athletes estimate their contribution to the success of the training process and performance at the competition as a significant contribution, to a lesser extent considering themselves responsible for the productivity of communication with the coach. Girls value their responsibility for the outcome of various situations higher than boys. The respondents assessed the contribution of the coach to the success in the competition and the formation of mutual “coach-athlete” understanding as significant. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to conclude that in the structure of the interconnection of the characteristics of causal attribution, the assessment of the influence of both contributions (one’s own and that of a coach) on mutual understanding in communication is systemic. Conclusion. Causal attribution of situations in sports activity among novice combatants is optimistic in general, while the confidence of a young athlete in his own abilities to influence competitive success is related to how highly he or she evaluates his/her own contribution and the contribution of a coach to the quality of their mutual understanding.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF END-TO-END TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Sevastopol State University (Sevastopol, Russia), Danko Yu.V.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The article analyzes and formulates the features of end-to-end technologies in the field of teacher education and training of a foreign language teacher. The most important condition is the formation of professional competencies, which are based on communicative competence as a practical knowledge of a foreign language at a certain level. The purpose of the article is to determine the importance of end-to-end technologies in teaching foreign languages as components in terms of the formation of pedagogical competence, as well as to show the features and prospects for their further development. The research methodology consists of analysis and generalization of previous works of Russian and foreign researchers in this field, on the basis of which key concepts are identified. Research results. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, the concept of “end-to-end technologies” is singled out in the context of the development of digital economy as a whole, and the most important end-to-end technologies in relation to linguodidactics are noted. The possibilities of using end-to-end technologies in teaching foreign languages are proposed, and further prospects for their development are noted. Conclusion. In the context of the development of e-learning and distance learning technologies, end-to-end technologies seem to be a promising direction for further development. However, not all of them can be used equally at the present time. This is due to the conditions of technological progress and the information and educational environment. End-to-end technologies are a new direction in pedagogy and require further study and consideration in each aspect individually.
VERBAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF A RESIDENT OF THE MODERN YENISEI SETTLEMENT
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science & Technology (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Uskova S.V.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The article deals with the issues of preservation of local culture in the conditions of erasure of territorial and ethnic identity in the modern world. Local self-identification can be traced through the transfer of stable reflections typical for the territory on stimuli words. The present article was created as part of a study carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of a scientific project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-012-00492A “The study of the identity of the inhabitants of the territory in self-descriptions and reactions to verbal incentives”. The purpose of the article is to describe the reactions of Yenisei Siberia residents to verbal stimuli to determine the degree of awareness of their territorial, ethnic, and cultural identity. Research results. The paper presents an analysis of the spontaneous verbalized reflection of a resident of the village of Selivanikha (Turukhansky district) on the topics proposed by the researcher: the name of the locality, persons, events, ethnicity, etc. Conclusions. As a result, semantic categories of reflection texts are identified. They are significant for informants as residents of Yenisei Siberia and determine their territorial and ethnic identification.
ARTISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY IN G. GRASSE’S NOVEL “TOO FAR AFIELD”
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia  B.N. Yeltsin (Ekaterinburg, Russia), Biktimirov V.E.
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. The present research is devoted to studying of the G. Grasse’s novel “Too Far Afield”, in which the problem of the historical fate of the nation is coupled with questions about the meaning and functioning of fiction itself in the field of national culture. The purpose of the article is to consider the ways of representing historical material in the novel “Too Far Afield” by Gunther Grass in the context of the author’s historiosophy and the concept of a historiocentric novel. Methodology and methods. The methodology of the study is synthetic. The methods of the study include intertextual, historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods. The research is aimed not only at the analytics of the literary work by G. Grass, but also at the reconstruction of its historical concept. The research methodology is expanding with methods of hermeneutic theory. Research results. It has been established that it is important for G. Grass to show not the official documented historiography, but the subjective interpretation of well-known facts, the truth of which is confirmed by timeless value. Referring to the theme of the resistance of the past, the author focuses not only on the consequences of the unification of Germany in the 19th century, but also on the new historical reality, the era of the unification of Germany in the 20th century, in which the modern generation of Germans should exist. The literature, life and work of the German realist Theodor Fontane helps Grass to understand the historical cataclysm.
GLOBAL DYNAMICS AND ADAPTATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russia / Kurgan Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Orlov S. N.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to develop the concept of effective regulation of the economy, adequate to the current stage of economic development. The article formulates theoretical approaches to the study of the evolution of the economy and the factors that cause the cyclical occurrence of crisis situations in the global and national economies, presents a system of connections and relationships, factors and prerequisites that caused the emergence of the global crisis in 2020. The crisis situation, the catalyst of which was the coronavirus pandemic, is developing under the influence of global prerequisites caused by the interference of three global cyclical waves: the technological cycle (N. Kondratiev, S. Glazyev), the systemic cycle of capital accumulation (D. Arrigi, T. Piketty) and the civilization wave (E. Toffler). The influence of modern global challenges on the economy, trends and prospects of national financial policy is considered. The author concludes that the key problems of the national economy: income differentiation, poverty, capital outflow and uncontrolled Central Bank inflation are interrelated. The consequences of the modern anti-inflationary policy of the Bank of Russia are analyzed and predicted. The trends of post-crisis development of global and national economies are constructed and substantiated, the connection of the development of financial market models in various countries with the stages of the system cycle and the centers of capital accumulation is proved. Methodological, methodological and practical recommendations are proposed for the selection and justification of the activities of the national program aimed at building an effective post-crisis socio-economic mechanism in order to overcome crisis phenomena and subsequently ensure the sustainable development of the national economy and its sectors. Modern conceptual approaches to the development of a national program aimed at building an effective socio-economic mechanism to ensure the sustainable development of the national economy, regions, sectors, industries, enterprises, and improving the welfare of citizens are formulated. Bringing the vector of strategic development of the national economy in line with global development trends will allow achieving the stated goals of economic policy, increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the national economy, national economic entities. The implementation of an adequate regulatory mechanism and the choice of the exact time range and direction of rational efforts will increase the level of well-being of the population, the stability of the economy and society, and successfully counteract modern global challenges and threats to national security.
THE METHOD FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT OF VEHICLE STABILITY IN TRACTION MODE
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Kholshev N. V. , Konovalov D. N. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Bukin A. A. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: May 2022

Abstract. One of the important operational properties of a car that ensures traffic safety is the stability of the car. The loss of stability of the car is a negative phenomenon leading to the occurrence of road accidents. Currently, a number of electronic systems are used to eliminate the loss of stability of the car. But most of them are aimed at eliminating the loss of stability, and not at preventing this condition. Depending on the driving mode of the car (traction, free run), the stability of its movement is evaluated by various parameters. These parameters can be used to quickly assess the stability of the vehicle, but this requires adequate techniques that take into account the main parameters of the car that affect its stability when driving, as well as traffic conditions. The currently existing methods and expressions for calculating the stability parameters of a car have a number of assumptions. This does not reduce their value, but somewhat reduces the accuracy. The purpose of this work was to increase the stability of the car by developing a method for quickly assessing its stability in traction mode. In theoretical studies, it was found that the stability coefficient can be used to assess the stability of a car with all-wheel or rear-wheel drive. It is equal to the ratio of the stabilizing moment of the car to the perturbing one. If this coefficient is greater than one, the car will be stable. The expression for its calculation includes a number of design and operational parameters of the vehicle. Expressing from it the acceleration values corresponding to the values of the stability coefficient greater than one, we get the maximum permissible accelerations that ensure stable movement of the car. Based on this, a method of operational assessment of the stability of the car was proposed, which consists in comparing the maximum permissible accelerations of the car with the actual ones. To improve the accuracy of calculations of the maximum permissible accelerations, it is proposed to determine the height of the center of mass of the car depending on its actual mass using linear interpolation. The scientific novelty of this work is the proposed method of operational assessment of the stability of the car, based on a refined methodology for calculating the maximum permissible accelerations. To calculate the values of the maximum allowable accelerations according to the proposed method, a computer program was developed. The direction of further research is to assess the adequacy of the proposed method by conducting experimental studies.
ENTERPRISE SURVIVAL IN AN UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Borisyuk N. K. , Smotrina O. S. ,   Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg, Russia
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the need to increase the stability of the functioning of enterprises in the face of increasing uncertainty in the external environment that characterizes the Russian economy. The ongoing economic downturn and instability of the social environment caused by the pandemic have exacerbated contradictions in all spheres of economic activity. In this regard, the article discusses measures to ensure the sustainable functioning of enterprises in an unstable external environment. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors that determine the functioning of the enterprise, and develop measures to achieve economic sustainability in an unstable environment. In the course of the study, the authors used the works of Russian and foreign scientists on this topic, legislative acts of the Russian Federation. Such research methods as analysis and generalization of scientific publications, scientific classification, modeling, parametric method were used. The main factors of sustainable functioning of enterprises in an unstable external environment are highlighted, measures are proposed to stabilize the activities of enterprises in an unstable external environment. The definition of the concepts “external environment” and “instability” has been clarified. As elements of novelty, this study examines the classification of factors that reduce the sustainability of enterprises in an unstable external environment, their causes and recommended measures to reduce the risks they cause. Measures are proposed to improve the methods of managing the stability of an enterprise in an unstable external environment. As a conclusion — the external environment has a significant impact on all processes occurring in the life of the enterprise, especially in conditions of instability. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of developing a constructive way out of the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic.
Cutaneous manifestations of covid-19 in pediatric population: A web based comparative study between the perspectives of dermatologists and pediatricians
Authors: Agarwal Akash , Das Anupam , Panda Maitreyee , Goyal Jhalak , Dash Mrutunjay
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

To compare the perspectives of dermatologists and pediatricians regarding cutaneous manifestations of covid-19 in the pediatric age group.

Material and methods:

An online semi-structured English questionnaire was circulated among the doctors (snowball sampling). Items of the questionnaire with a content validity ratio ≥0.49 were retained. Content validity index (CVI) was estimated, and those with a CVI score of >0.79, were accepted. Appropriate statistical tests were carried out for data analysis.

Results:

Among 305 responders, majority were dermatologists (n = 139; 45.57%) followed by pediatricians (n = 106; 34.75%) and other specialties (n = 60; 19.6%). Nearly 46.55% of all responders (n = 142) observed cutaneous manifestations among pediatric covid patients (40/139 dermatologists, 28.77%, and 94/106 pediatricians, 88.67%). Nearly 54.22% of pediatricians and 10% of dermatologists reported the infection to be moderate to severe. About 15% of dermatologists and 5.3% of pediatricians came across cutaneous manifestations as the sole manifestation. The commonest manifestation was urticarial (61.26%) followed by a morbilliform rash (52.81%). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in covid (MISC) was observed almost exclusively by 63.82% of pediatricians. Vascular manifestations were seen by 11.97% responders (n = 17). Chilblains were reported by 4.5% of pediatricians. Nearly 78.04% of pediatricians and 35% of dermatologists observed mucosal manifestations.

Conclusion:

Pediatricians are more commonly observing cutaneous manifestations. MISC is exclusively reported by pediatricians, highlighting the fact that severe disease is usually not seen by dermatologists. Vascular manifestations are uncommon in the skin of color. Dermatologists encounter asymptomatic covid patients with cutaneous manifestation more often, reiterating the fact that children presenting with urticarial and morbilliform rashes should be tested for covid-19, considering the present scenario.
Morphine May Contribute to Improving Respiratory Failure in Severe COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Tanaka-Yagi Yukako , Yamaguchi Takashi , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Mori Masanori , Ikari Tomoo , Miwa Satoru , Suzuki Kozue , Tachikawa Ryo , Nakata Kyosuke , Kanatani Masayuki
Published: May 2022

At present, the world is undergoing successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. When COVID-19 becomes severe, it causes respiratory failure and symptoms of dyspnoea. The patient’s dyspnoea worsens to the IPOS of 3. One COVID-19 patient admitted to our medical institution developed severe illness characterised by hypoxaemia and dyspnoea. In addition to disease-modifying treatments such as remdesivir and dexamethasone, we administered morphine to relieve his dyspnoea. Surprisingly, we observed an improvement in both hypoxaemia and dyspnoea.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Virtual Events in the Era of COVID-19: Perspectives From a Virtual Interdisciplinary Wound Care Symposium
Authors:   Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, Palacios Jose , Hazkour Nissim ,   SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, Rao Amit ,   Northwell Health System, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Care Healing and Hyperbarics, Lake Success, NY., Brennan Mary ,   Northwell Health System, Department of Nursing, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, Oropallo Alisha ,   Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; Northwell Health System, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Wound Care Healing and Hyperbarics, Lake Success, NY
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic has created changes in the way medicine is practiced. The move to virtual conferencing to avoid mass gatherings is a significant change to how health care professionals meet, discuss current trends, and share research. METHODS: Data from exit polls conducted after annual wound care symposiums were reviewed. Physicians, nurses, podiatrists, and other health care professionals attended. Respondents were asked to comment and reflect on their experiences of attending a virtual conference. RESULTS: Over 60% of all (N = 283) respondents stated the virtual conference was better than or on par with a live event. Many respondents had attended this live event in person in previous years. Of all respondents, 83% stated that they planned to access conference materials for the 30 days they remained posted after the event. More than 50% of respondents stated they favored the ability to communicate effectively with colleagues via the instant messaging feature offered by the conference. Approximately 80% of respondents stated that they would like to attend this and other conferences virtually in the future. CONCLUSIONS: The shift from in-person to virtual conferences has the potential to remain a significant method of attending health care conferences. Conference organizers are encouraged to consider how they can implement virtual components, including postconference access to materials, to enhance the conference experience. Additional work needs to be done to understand the impact of the virtual format on knowledge retention.
Fragrance Chemistry — Milestones and Perspectives
Authors: Gautschi Markus , Bajgrowicz Jerzy A. , Kraft Philip
Published: May 2022

This mini-review on Fragrance Chemistry focuses on milestones in the timelines of musk, ionone/ woody and sandalwood odorants, as well as on new perspectives arising from the development of fragrance precursors. After a brief introduction of the history of perfumery, its mutual interaction with the chemistry of odorants, and the current state of the fragrance industry, the whole spectrum of musk odorants is discussed from the accidental discovery of nitro musks like Musk Ketone® via the parallel evolution of benzenoid and macrocyclic musks, to new structures like Cyclomusk® and Moxalone®. Following a description of the structure elucidation of violet odorants, ionone and irone, lso ESuper® and the structurally related Georgywood®, but also Koavone® and Timberol® are treated. Weissenborn's discovery of terpenylcyclohexanols lead to sandalwood synthetics that today are mainly derivatives of campholenic aldehyde like Sandalore®, Sandal Mysore Core®, Polysantol®, Ebanol®, and Javanol®. Finally, lipase labile precursor systems, for instance digeranyl succinate, or UV-radiation labile ones like citronellyl coumarate and citronellyl cyclohexylglyoxylate are presented, and views on 'secondary benefits', 'anti-perfumes' and exclusive 'Editions de Parfums' conclude this overview on the driving forces and the serendipities in the chemistry of fragrant substances.
The Molecular Basis of Olfaction
Authors: Kini Abhay D. , Firestein Stuart
Published: May 2022

The olfactory sense plays a dominant role in a variety of behaviors across many species ranging from invertebrates to higher mammals. Consequently, there is great interest in understanding how olfactory perception is initiated. The olfactory signaling pathway is triggered via
a receptor-mediated event and is then conveyed onto to higher order neurons and ultimately to the cortex. The last ten years have witnessed an increased interest and success in understanding olfaction from a receptor perspective. These findings have significantly enhanced our insight of the
olfactory system.
REDESAIN JALAN JENDERAL SUDIRMAN DENGAN PRINSIP UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Authors: Ko Noftiyen , Neonufa Suliha N.I. , Jerobisonif Aplimon
Published: May 2022

Jalan Jenderal Sudirman di Kelurahan Kuanino Kecamatan Kota Raja Kota Kupang merupakan jalan arteri sekunder yang melayani kegiatan perdagangan dan jasa bagi masyarakat kota Kupang. Namun fasilitas yang terdapat di koridor ini belum dapat dimanfaatkan dengan nyaman oleh pengguna jalan dari berbagai kalangan dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, koridor perlu didesain kembali agar dapat digunakan oleh semua orang dari berbagai kalangan dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan yang berbeda. Prinsip yang sesuai untuk menjawab permasalahan ini adalah prinsip universal design. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis nonfisik dan analisis fisik dengan prinsip universal design yang menghasilkan konsep dan hasil rancangan. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah desain ulang berdasarkan hasil evaluasi koridor dengan prinsip universal design. Konsep perancangan diterapkan pada elemen koridor berupa jalur kendaraan, jalur pejalan kaki, bangunan dan aktivitas luar bangunan, tempat parkir, halte dan furniture jalan. Jalur kendaraan dialihkan menjadi jalur kendaraan satu arah dan mengubah layout dengan menambahkan jalur sepeda dan parkir badan jalan. Jalur pejalan kaki diubah ukurannya sesuai kebutuhan ruang gerak. Bangunan dikelompokan berdasarkan fungsi dan menambahkan lapak KUKF. Halte ditempatkan pada radius 250 m, furniture jalan ditempatkan di jalur perabot dan penggunaan signage dalam bentuk visual, verbal dan taktual.REDESIGN OF JENDERAL SUDIRMAN STREET WITH UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLEJenderal Sudirman is classified as a minor arterial street located in Kuanino Sub-District in Kota Raja District of Kupang City that accommodates commerce and service for communities. But the facilities of this corridor are not usable by all people with various needs and abilities. Therefore, the corridor needs to be redesigned so the facilities can be used for all people with a variety of needs and ability. The suitable principle to solve the problem is universal design. Data collection methods are observation and literature study. Data processing methods are non-physical and physical analysis, producing the concept and design product. The design method used is a redesign based on the evaluation result with universal design principle. The design concept is applied on the corridor elements, which are the driveway, pedestrian way, the buildings and activities outside the buildings, parking, bus stop, and street furniture. The driveway was converted to the one-way lane, and the layout changed by adding bike lanes and street parking. It is rightsizing the pedestrian way to suit the need for space. Classified buildings based on the function and added street vendors outside the building. Bus stops are placed on a radius of 250 m, street furniture is placed on furniture lines, and visual-verbal-tactual signage.
Towards Metal-free Photocatalysis: Photochemical Regeneration of Organic Hydride Donors Using Phenazine-based Photosensitizers
Authors: Weerasooriya Ravindra , Drummer Matthew Drummer , Phelan, Brian Thomas , Gesiorski Jonathan , Sprague Emily Ann , Chen Lin , Glusac Ksenija
Published: May 2022

Earth-abundant chromophores and catalysts are important molecular building blocks for artificial photosynthesis applications. Our team previously reported that metal-free hydride donors, such as biomimetic benzoimidazole-based motifs, can reduce CO2 selectively to the formate ion and that they can be electrochemically regenerated using the proton-coupled mechanism. To enable direct utilization of solar energy, we report here the photochemical regeneration of a benzoimidazole-based hydride donor using a phenazine-based metal-free chromophore. The photochemical regeneration was investigated under different experimental conditions involving varying sacrificial donors, proton donors, solvents and component concentrations. The best hydride regeneration yield of 50% was obtained with phenol as a proton source and thiophenolate as a sacrificial electron donor. The mechanism of photochemical regeneration was studied using steady-state and time-resolved UV/Vis spectroscopies. Based on the results of these studies, we hypothesize that the initial photoinduced electron transfer from photoexcited phenazine chromophores involves the benzoimidazole cation and that this process is likely coupled with proton transfer to generate protonated benzoimidazole-based radical cation. The second photoinduced electron transfer is hypothesized to generate the hydride form. Our findings provide the requisite information for the future development of reductive photocatalysts for solar energy and light-harvesting applications utilizing earth-abundant metal-free materials.
Generation of novel Diels-Alder reactions using a generative adversarial network
Authors: Li Sheng , Wang Xinqiao , Wu Yejian , Duan Hongliang , Tang Lan
Published: May 2022

Deep learning has enormous potential in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields. Among these, Generative Adversarial Network, as an excellent generative model, has shown its remarkable performance in the field of molecular generation, but it has few applications in organic chemistry. Therefore, we attempt to apply GAN as a generative model for the task of reaction generation to expand the application of GAN in chemistry. In this work, we used the MaskGAN model trained with 14092 Diels-Alder reactions, and we finally generated 1441 novel Diels-Alder reactions that learn reaction rules in-depth, which demonstrates that reaction generation can be used in the field of chemistry, and helps chemists explore novel reactions.
Molecular Mechanism of Autodissociation in Liquid Water: Density Functional Theory Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Joutsuka Tatsuya
Published: May 2022

Autodissociation in liquid water is one of the most important processes in various topics of physical chemistry, such as acid-base chemistry. Molecular simulations have elucidated most of the molecular mechanisms at the atomic level, yet quantitative analysis to compare with experiments using the potential of mean force (PMF) remains a hurdle, including the definition of reaction coordinates and accuracy of liquid structures by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Here, we perform AIMD simulations with the revPBE-D3 exchange-correlation functional to compute the PMF profiles of autoionization, or proton transfer (PT), in liquid water. For the quantitative analysis with physically meaningful reaction coordinates, we employ a PT coordinate, donor-acceptor (OH--H3O+) distance, and hydrogen (H)-bond number. The one-dimensional (1D) PMF profile along the PT coordinate shows no local minimum in the product state of PT (OH- and H3O+), which is necessary to accurately compute acid dissociation constant (or pKa). On the other hand, the 2D PMF profiles along the PT coordinate and donor-acceptor distance show local minima in the product state and reaction barriers, and the computed pKw is comparable to the experiment. In addition, the 2D PMF profiles along the PT coordinate and the H-bond number reveal the molecular mechanism of the H-bond rearrangement concomitant with PT, in which the H-bond breaking before PT is slightly preferable. These findings indicate that accurate evaluation of pKa by MD simulations requires the donor-acceptor distance in addition to the conventional PT coordinate.
Diagonal free processing of conventional phase sensitive COSY using Filter Diagonalization Method
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Chakraborty Subhayan , Pandey Shalini , Ghosh Arindam
Published: May 2022

Diagonal peak suppression of homonuclear multi-dimensional correlation NMR spectra is an area of research that has seen a constant influx of new methods designed to remove the intense but mostly redundant diagonal auto-correlation peaks. These methods, while at their job, aim to retain the intensity, position, lineshape, and sensitivity of the information-rich cross peaks as faithfully as possible. Most of these methods offer some alternative data acquisition scheme that delivers the same correlation information as the original spectrum but with suppressed diagonal peaks. Here we present not an alternative pulse sequence, but a new processing tool based on the Filter Diagonalization Method (FDM) which produces a diagonal free phase-sensitive COSY spectrum from the conventionally acquired data. The method revisits difference spectroscopy but with an unconventional pair of one experimental and one FDM generated synthetic spectrum instead of two experimental ones and thus is economical in terms of spectrometer time. To demonstrate, the processing tool was applied first on a simple coupled two-spin system of 2-Bromo-5-chlorothiophene and then to a more complex system of several coupled spins in sucrose.
Assessing the performance of ΔSCF and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation for calculating vertical core excitation energies
Authors: Zamani Abdulrahman Y. , Hratchian Hrant P.
Published: May 2022

Vertical core excitation energies are obtained using a combination of the $\Delta$SCF method and the diagonal second-order (D2) self-energy approximation. These methods are applied to a set of neutral molecules and their anionic forms. An assessment of the results with the inclusion of relativistic effects is presented. For core excitations involving delocalized symmetry orbitals, the applied composite method improves upon the overestimation of $\Delta$SCF by providing approximate values close to experimental K-shell transition energies. The importance of both correlation and relaxation contributions to the vertical core-excited state energies, the concept of local and non-local core orbitals, and the consequences of breaking symmetry are discussed.