bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of cow dung manure and SP-36 fertilizer on the quality of patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) planted on Ultisol
Authors: Fauzi Syarifah Renny , Syakur  , Syafruddin
Published: September 2021

The medical function of patchouli oil as an anti-virus allows it to be developed into a drug for COVID-19. The management of marginal soil namely Ultisol for patchouli development is very important because of its vast potential in Aceh. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the effect of cow dung manure and SP-36 fertilizer on the quality of patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) on Ultisol. This study used factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The first treatment factor was the dose of cow dung manure (control, 10 tonnes ha-1, 20 tonnes ha-1, 30 tonnes ha-1). The second treatment factor was the dose of SP-36 fertilizer (control, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on patchouli oil yield. The highest Patchouli Alcohol obtained was 27.74% on the combination of 30 tonnes ha-1 cow dung manure and 300 kg ha-1 SP-36 fertilizer.
Effect ofPomacea canaliculatasnail feed on carcass physical composition, meat chemical composition, and hematological profile of muscovy duck
Authors: Budiari Ni Luh Gede , Pujiawati Yusti , Kertawirawan I Putu Agus , Adijaya I Nyoman
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the use ofPomacea canaliculatameal at various levels on the carcass physical composition, meat chemical composition, and haematological profile of Muscovy duck. There were four treatments included P0 (control feed), P1 (control feed + 10%Pomacea canaliculatameal), P2 (control feed+20%Pomacea canaliculatameal), P3 (control feed + 30%Pomacea canaliculatameal). The variables observed included final body weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, non-carcass weight, meat chemicals composition and haematological profile. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and further orthogonal polynomial trials. The research results revealed that using golden snail meal in Muscovy duck feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the final body weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, commercial cuts composition, physical composition of the carcass, non-carcass composition, and heterophil. Descriptively, the meat chemicals composition of Muscovy duck withPomacea canaliculatameal was better than the control. The use of 30% golden snail meal in the male Muscovy duck diet provides the best performance on final body weight, slaughter weight, carcass yield, and drumstick weight parameters without negatively impacting haematology profile. The use golden snail meal provides the lowest carcass fat.
Molekulargenetische Differenzierung des Endometriumkarzinoms
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2021

Inzidenz und Mortalität von Endometriumkarzinomen steigen. Eine aktuelle Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Risikofaktoren, histopathologische und molekulare Charakterisierung sowie stadienabhängigen Therapieoptionen zusammen. Sowohl bei frühen Stadien als auch bei nodal positiven Erkrankungen geht der Trend zu einer individualisierteren, zielgerichteten Behandlung.
Evaluation von Gemeinde-Kapazitäten durch
Quartiersakteur*innen und externe Expert*innen im Vergleich
– Ergebnisse der Auditierung der
Gesundheitsförderungsaktivitäten in der Hamburger
Lenzsiedlung
Authors: Trojan Alf , Lorentz Christian , Süß Waldemar , Nickel Stefan
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Der Fragebogen „Kapazitätsentwicklung im
Quartier (KEQ)“ hat fünf Dimensionen und ist ein
intermediäres Maß für Ergebnisse der quartiersbezogenen
Gesundheitsförderung. Es wird von den quartiersinternen
Akteur*innen ausgefüllt und hat damit Elemente einer
Selbstbewertung. In einer Studie sollte geklärt werden, ob
quartiersexterne Expert*innen mit ihrem Blick von außen zu
gleichen oder kritischeren Einschätzungen kommen.

Methodik Es wurde ein Audit der
Gesundheitsförderungsaktivitäten in der Hamburger Lenzsiedlung
in zwei Stufen durchgeführt. Als Auditor*innen fungierten
fünf externe Fachkolleg*innen aus dem Kooperationsverbund
„Gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit“, die Erfahrungen in der
Bewertung von Good Practice-Projekten der Gesundheitsförderung gesammelt
haben. Die erste Phase des Audits war eine dokumentenbasierte Fremdbewertung,
die zweite eine besuchsbasierte Vor-Ort Begehung und -Bewertung.

Ergebnisse Im Vergleich mit Quartiersakteur*innen (KEQ-Erhebungen)
fielen die durchschnittlichen Einschätzungen der externen
Expert*innen im dokumentenbasierten Audit auf allen fünf
Dimensionen positiver aus (Abweichungen von +0,1 bis +0,9 auf
einer Skala von 1 bis 5). Im besuchsbasierten Audit haben sich die Ergebnisse
von KEQ-Beantworter*innen vor Ort und externen Auditor*innen
stark angenähert: Zum Teil sind sie identisch; nur die Dimension Lokale
Führung wurde von den externen Auditor*innen etwas kritischer
gesehen.

Schlussfolgerung In der Diskussion werden vier methodische Probleme des
Vergleichs angesprochen. Als Gesamtergebnis wird gefolgert, dass
quartiersinterne Akteur*innen ihre Aktivitäten nicht zu positiv
bewerten. Gleichwohl empfehlen wir, sofern entsprechende Mittel
verfügbar sind, lokale Erfolgseinschätzungen durch
Fremdbeurteilungen abzusichern.
Disseminierung der Nationalen Bewegungsempfehlungen: Partizipative
Entwicklung von Disseminierungsstrategien in Deutschland
Authors: Hartung Verena , Messing Sven , Pfeifer Klaus , Geidl Wolfgang , Abu-Omar Karim
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Im Jahr 2016 wurden erstmals in Deutschland evidenzbasierte
Nationale Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung
veröffentlicht. Diese richten sich primär an Fachleute,
Entscheidungsträger/-innen sowie Multiplikatoren.

Ziel der Arbeit Der Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung von Strategien zur
Disseminierung dieser Empfehlungen.

Prozess Um eine Koproduktion von Wissen zwischen Fachleuten,
Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -trägern sowie Wissenschaftlerinnen
und Wissenschaftlern zu ermöglichen, wurde ein Beteiligungsansatz
angewendet. In diesem sollten zielgruppenspezifische Strategien zur
Disseminierung der Empfehlungen entwickelt werden. Dies geschah in zwei
Workshops und einer Arbeitsgruppenphase. Insgesamt beteiligten sich 92 Fachleute
und Entscheidungsträger/-innen am Beteiligungsprozess.

Ergebnisse Die Arbeitsgruppen entwickelten spezifische Strategien zur
Disseminierung der Empfehlungen. Übergeordnete Strategien waren: (1)
Multiplikatoren informieren, (2) Multiplikatoren aktivieren, (3) Netzwerke
nutzen und neu bilden und (4) politische Veränderungen
anstoßen.

Schlussfolgerung Der in diesem Projekt gewählte Beteiligungsansatz
war erfolgreich in Bezug auf die Entwicklung von Disseminierungsstrategien und
ist im internationalen Vergleich eine Besonderheit. Um den Erfolg solcher
Koproduktionsprozesse besser bewerten zu können, ist in Zukunft eine
Auswahl und Operationalisierung geeigneter Indikatoren empfehlenswert.
Bilaterale gestielte M. gracilis-Lappenplastik und bilaterale M. gluteus-Rotationslappenplastik zur mehrzeitigen Rekonstruktion der Vagina, des kleinen Beckens sowie der Perinealregion
Authors: Bender Richard , Schäller Sebastian , Taskin Berivan , Al-Malat Tarek , Knorr Sven , Wilhelm Thomas , Mannil Lijo
Published: September 2021

Die plastische Rekonstruktion onkologischer, anorektaler Defekte ist aufgrund der erheblichen bakteriellen Kontamination, einer neoadjuvanten Radio-Chemotherapie sowie den anatomisch sehr schwierigen Bedingungen häufig kompliziert und führt zu einer prolongierten Hospitalisation der Patienten. Einen Goldstandard für die plastische Rekonstruktion gibt es nicht. Wir stellen eine Patientin vor, welche nach der Diagnose eines distalen Rektumkarzinoms mit Infiltration des Anus und der Scheidenhinterwand eine radikale Tumorexzision mit Rektum-, Anus- und Vaginateilresektion erhielt, wobei es postoperativ zu einer schweren nekrotisierenden Infektion kam. Es resultierte ein großflächiger, tiefreichender vollschichtiger Weichteildefekt des kleinen Beckens und der Perinealregion. Wir präsentieren eine retrospektive klinische Beurteilung und Fotodokumentation einer Rekonstruktion der Vagina, des kleinen Beckens sowie des Gesäßes durch eine bilaterale M.-gracilis- und M.-gluteus-Lappenplastik.
ASCO-Update gastrointestinale Tumoren
Authors: Willen Christine
Published: September 2021

In der Phase-II-Studie CROC wurde untersucht, ob Patienten mit resektablem Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus von einer Induktionschemotherapie (IC) mit Docetaxel, Cisplatin und 5-Fluorouracil (DCF) im Vorfeld einer Chemoradiotherapie (CRT) profitieren können. Krebsstammzell-Marker wie ALDH1 (Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase-1) werden derzeit hinsichtlich ihres prognostischen und therapeutischen Potenzials bei Darmkrebs intensiver erforscht. Krebsstammzellen spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Zellmigration, Invasion, Metastasierung und Behandlungsresistenz von Darmkrebs.
Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2021

Mit einer Mortalität von etwa 40 % ist das Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC) deutlich aggressiver als das Melanom. Zudem ist die Inzidenz seit dem Jahr 2000 um etwa 95 % gestiegen, während in derselben Zeit bei allen soliden Tumoren ein Anstieg nur um etwa 15 % und beim Melanom um 56 % beobachtet wurde. Prof. Paul Nghiem, Seattle, ging im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der European Association of Dermato Oncology (EADO) auf den Stand der Forschung und neue Behandlungsoptionen mit Immuntherapien beim fortgeschrittenen MCC ein.
Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Diagnosis: A Retrospective Study Comparing Heparin-induced Platelet Activation Test to 14C-serotonin Release Assay
Authors: Gonthier Marie-Caroline , Gendron Nicolas , Eloy Philippine , Bourrienne Marie-Charlotte , Alhenc-Gelas Martine , Pouplard Claire , Tardy Bernard , Szymezak Jean , Burdet Charles , Gkalea Vasiliki , Faille Dorothée , Ajzenberg Nadine
Published: September 2021

Laboratory confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is of crucial importance and remains challenging and relies on platelet functional assays highlighting the presence of heparin-dependent platelet-activating antibodies in patient serum or plasma. Platelet functional assays using washed platelets include the 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA), usually described as the gold standard, and the heparin-induced platelet activation assay (HIPA). Since its first comparison with SRA there has been no additional published study regarding HIPA diagnostic performances compared with SRA. Aim of our retrospective study was to compare the concordance between HIPA and SRA in HIT suspected-patients with positive anti-PF4/heparin antibodies between October 2010 and October 2015. Fifty-five HIT-suspected patients who beneficiated from both HIPA and SRA were included. Positive and negative percent agreements were 83.8% (95% CI 68.0–93.8%) and 66.7% (95% CI 41.0–86.7%), respectively. Overall percent agreement was 78.2% (95% CI 65.0–92.2%). Agreement was higher in patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with extracorporeal circulation circuit for cardiac surgery. We also confirm that the use of a minimum of 2 platelet donors to establish positive HIT diagnosis and 4 platelet donors to exclude HIT diagnosis allows obtaining a good agreement with SRA. Although HIPA and SRA were performed with different platelet donors and in different laboratories, HIPA had a good positive agreement with SRA for HIT diagnosis, showing that HIPA is a useful functional assay that does not require radioactivity and could be developed worldwide to improve HIT diagnosis.
Mechanical Response of PEKK and PEEK As Frameworks for Implant-Supported Full-Arch Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Villefort Regina Furbino , Diamantino Pedro Jacy Santos , Zeidler Sandra Lúcia Ventorin von , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Silva-Concílio Laís Regiane , Saavedra Guilherme deSiqueira Ferreira Anzaloni , Tribst João Paulo Mendes
Published: September 2021

Objective Polymeric framework represent an innovative approach for implant-supported dental prostheses. However, the mechanical response of ultra-high performance polymers as frameworks for full-arch prostheses under the “all-on-four concept” remains unclear. The present study applied finite element analysis to examine the behavior of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) prosthetic frameworks.

Materials and Methods A three-dimensional maxillary model received four axially positioned morse-taper implants, over which a polymeric bar was simulated. The full-arch prosthesis was created from a previously reported database model, and the imported geometries were divided into a mesh composed of nodes and tetrahedral elements in the analysis software. The materials were assumed as isotropic, elastic, and homogeneous, and all contacts were considered bonded. A normal load (500 N magnitude) was applied at the occlusal surface of the first left molar after the model was fixed at the base of the cortical bone. The microstrain and von-Mises stress were selected as criteria for analysis.

Results Similarities in the mechanical response were observed in both framework for the peri-implant tissue, as well as for stress generated in the implants (263–264 MPa) and abutments (274–273 MPa). The prosthetic screw and prosthetic base concentrated more stress with PEEK (211 and 58 MPa, respectively) than with PEKK (192 and 49 MPa), while the prosthetic framework showed the opposite behavior (59 MPa for PEEK and 67 MPa for PEKK).

Conclusion The main differences related to the mechanical behavior of PEKK and PEEK frameworks for full-arch prostheses under the “all-on-four concept” were reflected in the prosthetic screw and the acrylic base. The superior shock absorbance of PEKK resulted in a lower stress concentration on the prosthetic screw and prosthetic base. This would clinically represent a lower fracture risk on the acrylic base and screw loosening. Conversely, lower stress concentration was observed on PEEK frameworks.
Dietary Modifications during Pregnancy through Decades
Authors: Bhatt Yamini , Kulshrestha Kalpana
Published: September 2021

The present study aimed to explore the modifications in diet during pregnancy over three generations in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. For the selection of the sample, the respondents were categorized in 3 age groups: 20 to 34 years; 35 to 55 years; and ≥ 56 years. Structured diet recall interviews were scheduled for the collection of data. The subjects were asked about their dietary habits during pregnancy and food items that they included and excluded during that period. Most food items mentioned included were milk, fruits, and nutritional supplements. The exclusion of fruits like banana and papaya, of rice, and of leafy green vegetables (LGVs) was mainly observed. Among the age group of ≥ 56 years, the respondents with no changes in their diet during pregnancy were more from rural areas (92%) than from urban areas (62.26%), while in the age group of 20 to 34 years, 25% of the respondents with no change in their diet lived in rural areas, and 8.06% lived in urban areas. There has been an increase in the population with dietary modifications through generations; however, the overall changes are still not satisfying. The present study shows that there is a high need for nutritional education during pregnancy, especially in rural areas.
Positioning on the Use of Polyols as Table Sweeteners
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Ribas Filho Durval
Published: September 2021

Polyols are poorly digestible carbohydrates present in small amounts in some fruits and vegetables. Xylitol and erythritol are used as table sweeteners. These compounds are widely used in the food industry due to their low-calorie content. Erythritol is the only noncaloric polyol. Xylitol is the sweetest of the polyols, being the only one with sweetness equivalent to sucrose, but with one third of its calories. Clinical studies have shown reductions in the number of plaques, in counts of Streptococcus mutans, and in the number of dental cavities in individuals receiving erythritol and xylitol. Xylitol is also capable of reducing the growth and adherence to the oropharynx of bacteria that cause acute otitis media, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and several studies have shown that it reduces the risk of this bacterial infection in children. In addition to these effects, polyols can also have beneficial effects on metabolism. Both erythritol and xylitol have been approved by the European Union for use as sweeteners for several years, and replacing sugar with polyols decreases caloric intake, which can reduce body weight and blood glucose in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The safety of polyols is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who classifies them as compounds generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Thus, based on available scientific data, the daily consumption of both substances is associated with several benefits and does not represent any risk to human health.
Smartphone-based photo analysis for the evaluation of anemia, jaundice and COVID-19
Authors: Mazzu-Nascimento Thiago , Evangelista Danilo Nogueira , Abubakar Obeedu , Sousa Amanda Soares , Souza Leandro Cândido de , Chachá Silvana Gama Florencio , Luporini Rafael Luis , Domingues Lucas Vinícius , Silva Diego Furtado , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2021

Anemia and jaundice are common health conditions that affect millions of children, adults, and the elderly worldwide. Recently, the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that leads to COVID-19, has generated an extreme worldwide concern and a huge impact on public health, education, and economy, reaching all spheres of society. The development of techniques for non-invasive diagnosis and the use of mobile health (mHealth) is reaching more and more space. The analysis of a simple photograph by smartphone can allow an assessment of a person's health status. Image analysis techniques have advanced a lot in a short time. Analyses that were previously done manually, can now be done automatically by methods involving artificial intelligence. The use of smartphones, combined with machine learning techniques for image analysis (preprocessing, extraction of characteristics, classification, or regression), capable of providing predictions with high sensitivity and specificity, seems to be a trend. We presented in this review some highlights of the evaluation of anemia, jaundice, and COVID-19 by photo analysis, emphasizing the importance of using the smartphone, machine learning algorithms, and applications that are emerging rapidly. Soon, this will certainly be a reality. Also, these innovative methods will encourage the incorporation of mHealth technologies in telemedicine and the expansion of people's access to health services and early diagnosis.
Success Rate and Perioperative Complications of Lumbosacral Extradural Anaesthesia in Dogs Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Double-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Viilmann Inga , Klöppel Heide , Wringe Elliot , Vettorato Enzo
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the success rate and perioperative complications of lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing total hip replacement.

Study Design Records of dogs undergoing total hip replacement in which lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia with 0.5% levo- or bupivacaine combined with either morphine or buprenorphine were retrieved. Success rate was defined as intraoperative fentanyl consumption <1 μg/kg/h with no intravenous infusion of other analgesic drugs and no additional morphine/methadone within the first 3 hours from premedication. Prevalence of intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative surgical complications was calculated.

Results Overall, 206 dogs were included in the study. Success rate was 88.7%. Hypercapnia (75.2%), hypotension (46.1%), hypothermia (27.7%) and regurgitation (6.3%) were recorded during anaesthesia. Within 24 hours post-surgery, urinary retention (17.8%), vomiting/regurgitation/diarrhea (8.2%) and sciatic neurapraxia of the operated limb (5.8%) were recorded. Luxation of the operated hip occurred at 48 and 72 hours after surgery in two dogs and one dog respectively. One dog had cardiopulmonary arrest at 52 hours after surgery.

Conclusion While hypercapnia, hypotension and hypothermia might develop intraoperatively, the high success rate and the relatively low prevalence of postoperative surgical complications directly associated with lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia justify its use in dogs undergoing total hip replacement.
Distinct single-component adjuvants steer human DC-mediated T-cell polarization via Toll-like receptor signaling toward a potent antiviral immune response
Authors: Roßmann Laura , Bagola Katrin , Stephen Tharshana , Gerards Anna-Lisa , Walber Bianca , Ullrich Anja , Schülke Stefan , Kamp Christel , Spreitzer Ingo , Hasan Milena , David-Watine Brigitte , Shorte Spencer L. , Bastian Max , van Zandbergen Ger
Published: September 2021

Significance

Vaccines profit from the addition of adjuvants to better and more specifically initiate, amplify, and shape immune responses. Although the number of adjuvant candidates has steadily increased, peaking in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, little is known about their inherent mode of action. Using human blood immune cells, we established a multilayer method to systematically assess the adjuvants’ effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. By employing a multiplex analysis with cells from 30 different donors, we determined important patterns of adjuvant function. Moreover, we demonstrate correlates of an antiviral immune response using a Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligand adjuvant and single-stranded RNA. This knowledge about adjuvants’ distinct immune signatures supports the selection of safe and effective adjuvants for future vaccines.
Production.
Authors: Thompson Anthony Keith , Oduro Ibok
Published: September 2021

This chapter covers the world production and trade of yams as a staple food crop. It provides details of yam production and yield by country.
Fill-in-the-blank questions.
Authors: Bren Leon , Lane Patrick
Published: September 2021

This chapter contains fill-in-the-blank questions in hydrology and water management. Questions are consist of a missing word (or pair of words) in a sentence. The reader is asked to provide the missing words. Fill-in-theblank questions demand a high level of thought about the discipline area and what is missing from the sentence.
True or false questions.
Authors: Bren Leon , Lane Patrick
Published: September 2021

This chapter contains true or false questions in hydrology and watershed management. Readers chose true or false values in response to a statement.
Image-based questions.
Authors: Bren Leon , Lane Patrick
Published: September 2021

This chapter contains image-based questions on hydrology and water management. Images were created to illustrate the answer. In other cases, literature was used to find a relevant maps or illustrations.
Fluid-kinetic model of a propulsive magnetic nozzle
Authors: Merino Mario , Nuez Judit , Ahedo Eduardo
Published: September 2021

A kinetic-electron, fluid-ion model is used to study the 2D plasma expansion in an axisymmetric magnetic nozzle in the fully-magnetized, cold-ion, collisionless limit. Electrons are found to be subdivided into free, reflected, and doubly-trapped sub-populations. The net charge current and the electrostatic potential fall on each magnetic line are related by the kinetic electron response, and together with the initial profiles of electrostatic potential and electron temperature, determine the electron thermodynamics in the expansion. Results include the evolution of the density, temperature, and anisotropy ratio of each electron sub-population. The different contributions of ions and electrons to the generation of magnetic thrust are analyzed for upstream conditions representative of different thruster types. Equivalent polytropic models with the same total potential fall are seen to result in a slower expansion rate, and therefore to underpredict thrust generated up to a fixed section of the magnetic nozzle.
Iterative filtered ghost imaging
Authors: Meng Shao-Ying , Chen Mei-Yi , Ji Jie , Shi Wei-Wei , Fu Qiang , Bao Qian-Qian , Chen Xi-Hao , Wu Ling-An
Published: September 2021

It is generally believed that, in ghost imaging, there has to be a compromise between resolution and visibility. Here we propose and demonstrate an iterative filtered ghost imaging scheme whereby a super-resolution image of a grayscale object is achieved, while at the same time the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visibility are greatly improved, without adding complexity. The dependence of the SNR, visibility, and resolution on the number of iterations is also investigated and discussed. Moreover, with the use of compressed sensing the sampling number can be reduced to less than 1% of the Nyquist limit, while maintaining image quality with a resolution that can exceed the Rayleigh diffraction bound by more than a factor of 10.
Fast-switching SOI-LIGBT with compound dielectric buried layer and assistant-depletion trench
Authors: Wang Chunzao , Duan Baoxing , Sun Licheng , Yang Yintang
Published: September 2021

A lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure is proposed and investigated. This device features a compound dielectric buried layer (CDBL) and an assistant-depletion trench (ADT). The CDBL is employed to introduce two high electric field peaks that optimize the electric field distributions and that, under the same breakdown voltage (BV) condition, allow the CDBL to acquire a drift region of shorter length and a smaller number of stored carriers. Reducing their numbers helps in fast-switching. Furthermore, the ADT contributes to the rapid extraction of the stored carriers from the drift region as well as the formation of an additional heat-flow channel. The simulation results show that the BV of the proposed LIGBT is increased by 113% compared with the conventional SOI LIGBT of the same length L
D. Contrastingly, the length of the drift region of the proposed device (11.2 μm) is about one third that of a traditional device (33 μm) with the same BV of 141 V. Therefore, the turn-off loss (E
OFF) of the CDBL SOI LIGBT is decreased by 88.7% compared with a conventional SOI LIGBT when the forward voltage drop (V
F) is 1.64 V. Moreover, the short-circuit failure time of the proposed device is 45% longer than that of the conventional SOI LIGBT. Therefor, the proposed CDBL SOI LIGBT exhibits a better V
F–E
OFF tradeoff and an improved short-circuit robustness.
Potential energy surfaces and fission fragment mass yields of even-even superheavy nuclei *
Authors: Kostryukov Pavel V. , Dobrowolski Artur , Nerlo-Pomorska Bożena , Warda Michał , Xiao Zhigang , Chen Yongjing , Liu Lile , Tian Jun-Long , Pomorski Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Potential energy surfaces and fission barriers of superheavy nuclei are analyzed in a macroscopic-microscopic model. The Lublin-Strasbourg Drop (LSD) model is used to obtain the macroscopic part of the energy, whereas the shell and pairing energy corrections are evaluated using the Yukawa-folded potential; a standard flooding technique is utilized to determine barrier heights. A Fourier shape parametrization containing only three deformation parameters is shown to effectively reproduce the nuclear shapes of nuclei approaching fission. In addition, a non-axial degree of freedom is taken into account to better describe the structure of nuclei around the ground state and in the saddle region. In addition to the symmetric fission valley, a new highly asymmetric fission mode is predicted in most superheavy nuclei. The fission fragment mass distributions of the considered nuclei are obtained by solving 3D Langevin equations.
Linear frequency modulation signal for channel impulse response measurement in shallow water environment
Authors: Widiarti Y , Rahmat M B , Adianto  , Asri P
Published: September 2021

Understanding the characteristics of channel propagation plays a very important role in the design of underwater acoustic communication. Underwater acoustic channel (UAC) model is usually carried out by measuring directly at a specific location and time. This paper presents the use of Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal for channel impulse response estimation and power delay profile (PDP) measurement in a shallow water environment. Measurements were made in a laboratory-scale towing tank with three variations of distance and depth. Furthermore, the measurement results are compared with the existing underwater acoustic channel model. The measurement results show that the response impulses at the three distances have almost the same pattern and the resulting amplitude is similar to the existing underwater acoustic channel model simulation. The RMS delay spread generated from the three distances has a value of about 0,2 msec. Meanwhile, the maximum excess delay obtained at a distance of 120 m has the highest value, which is 29 msec.
Design of twist tool by Ulrich Method
Authors: Hakam M , Astsalisa S B , Setiawan T A
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted in an Outdoor Furniture which is one company that manufactures various types of outdoor furniture. Various types of chairs, sofas and tables are produced here through various types of manufacturing processes. In a sofa product, a component requires a manufacturing process that is quite complex and new in this company, namely the process of twist hollow pipes. This component is made from aluminum which measures 120mmx30mmx708mm. Production requests for products that require these components are counted in large quantities. However, the absence of tools that can be used to process the pipe is an obstacle for workers to produce these components. At present, the working process is carried out by adjusting or beating pipes in accordance with component design requirements. To overcome this, the design of a tool to twist hollow pipes was made specifically for this component. This tool was made using the Ulrich method for the problem analysis process, making 3 alternative concepts until there was a chosen concept, namely third concept. Then the tool isproduced and in accordance with the needs of the company and is able to facilitate the working of product components with a 95% success rate of twisting.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Multimetal “Stahl 1018” Composite
Authors: Arustamian A , Kalisz D
Published: September 2021

The Stahl1018 composite is a multiphase material containing steel and ceramic particles placed in a polymer matrix. The scanning microscope and X-ray microanalysis techniques were using for chemical analysis, which allowed for the identification the content of elements in particular areas of tested samples. Then, a series of tests was performed to determine the mechanical strength depending on the temperature, hardness and impact strength. The results of the experiments show that the composite material Stahl1018 can be used for maintenance of machine parts in the temperature range 20-80 °C.
Characterisation of structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of pure magnesium prepared by powder metallurgy route
Authors: Dvorský Drahomír , Kubásek Jiří , Vojtĕch Dalibor
Published: September 2021

Powder metallurgy is a progressive method for materials production. Final products are usually characterised by improved strength and corrosion properties compared to materials prepared by conventional methods like casting and subsequent thermomechanical processing. The presented work studies the effect of extrusion temperature on the microstructure and properties of products prepared from pure Mg powder. It has been observed that higher extrusion temperature led to the formation of larger grains and massive oxides at interparticle boundaries. Tensile yield strength, compressive, and tensile ultimate strengths were increased at the cost of lower plasticity. The observed mechanical properties were mainly affected by texture, oxides, and grain size. The high corrosion rate was attributed to the presence of a relatively high amount of oxides and impurities which facilitate localized corrosion.
Properties of protective NiCr coatings, deposited by Cold Spray technology
Authors: Houdková Š , Šulcová P , Keslová A. , Lencová K , Duliškovič J
Published: September 2021

The NiCr coatings, deposited by modern Cold Spray technology, and by well-established Twin Wire Arc Spraying and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel technologies, was studied in terms of microstructure, mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties. Compared to other thermal spraying technologies, CS coatings achieve higher cohesive strength and associated tribological properties. The dense structure is responsible for the coatings’ high corrosion protection ability. The influence of CS technological parameters was found negligible, except the usage of nozzle for internal diameter spraying, which results to significant increase of coatings porosity.
Corrosion Resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by LPBF
Authors: Simson T , Koch J , Zetek M , Zetková I
Published: September 2021

The study describes the corrosion behaviour of LPBF parts made of MAR 300 (EN 1.2709) in sulphuric acid. It includes the influence of the heat treatment on the part’s properties as solution annealed and age hardened with reference to conventional samples. Laser remelted surfaces were examined as well. Due to the layered production of AM components, which is characteristic for this process, high surface roughness occurs. Therefore, for many applications and mostly on functional surfaces, complex post-processing of the surfaces is necessary. The reliable use of the manufactured components, demand knowledge of the specific influence of the selected post-processing methods on the electrochemical behaviour. The corrosion investigation takes place on different sample surfaces, such as milled, turned, sandblasted, untreated, grinded and laser-machined. The results show that there is no correlation between surface treatment and corrosion resistance. However, an increase in corrosion rate due to age hardening of the material can be observed for both LPBF and conventionally produced samples. By laser surface remelting of these age hardened samples, the corrosion resistance of these parts could be increased again, to the same level as in the solution annealed state.
Production and Assembly of Car Body Fifth Door with Use of Dual-Phase Steel HCT500X
Authors: Valeš M , Havelka J , Chrášt’anský L , Tatíček F , Novák V
Published: September 2021

Due to environmental concerns and safety standards in the automotive industry, the development of durable and lightweight cars has become an important topic. Lowering the weight of the car body has become a crucial topic for all manufacturers, regardless of using combustion, electric or hydrogen engines. To fulfil this need a material with a higher strength to weight ratio must be used. Dual-phase steels seem to provide the right combination of mechanical properties for the production of particular car body panels. The goal of this research is to develop robust production of the fifth door part from HCT500X steel (DP500). The goal of this article is also to depict the forming of the selected part and the fifth door assembly for 4th generation of ŠKODA Octavia. Numerical simulation is accomplished within the AutoForm Forming R8 and AutoForm Assembly R9 solutions. Different aspects influencing numerical simulation accuracy and topics relevant to the production chain are discussed in this article. This research is carried out in cooperation with ŠKODA AUTO, a.s.
Ion-plasma modification of surface of ultrafine-grained titanium alloys: effect of substrate on coating properties
Authors: Valiev R R , Modina Iu M , Dyblenko Yu M , Semenova I P
Published: September 2021

This article is focused on research of properties of vacuum-plasma coatings Ti+TiVN and V+TiVN applied to the surface of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V and VT8M-1(rus.) (Ti-5.7Al-3.8Mo-1.2Zr-1.3Sn) in ultrafine-grained (UFG) states obtained by two different severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques-equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and rotary swaging (RS). The influence of substrate UFG structure on coatings service properties improvement has been established. It was demonstrated that complex hardening of titanium alloy including formation of bulk UFG structure and applying vacuum-plasma protective coating to the surface significantly increases resistance to erosive wear of the latter in comparison with the substrate having the initial coarse-grained structure.
Numerical study of intake flow field inside the high-speed refrigeration scroll compressor with spiral suction channels in the motor rotor
Authors: Bu G X , Li X R , Li X W , Zhang Y , Wu W F , Wang X L , Zhang X P
Published: September 2021

To control the temperature of the electric motor, the suction gas is introduced flowing through the motor in hermetic scroll compressors. For high-speed compressors, this flow resistance is high, which results in decreasing of the efficiency. In this paper, spiral flow channels were designed inside the motor rotor to decrease the suction flow resistance and increase the refrigerant flow rate inside the scroll compressor. Simulation of the suction flow through the motor was carried out. Two structure of straight and spiral intake channels were brought into the simulation model, under 3000 rpm, 5000 rpm, 7000 rpm and 9000 rpm. The results showed that the spiral channels could increase the refrigerant flow rate inside the motor rotor and the suction pressure of the compressor, and with the increase of the motor speed, the effect of the intake supercharging improved. At 9000 rpm, the suction pressure at the suction port of the compressor increased by about 4% by using spiral channels, while the mass flow rate increased by about 6%. The increases of total refrigerant flow rate in spiral channels are mainly due to the increase in unblocked channels. The size and the layout of the balance weight have a great effect on intake flow.
Simulation and Experiment Study on Dynamic Characteristic of Reed Valve of Reciprocating Compressor Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction Model
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Guo Bei , Ma Kai , Zhou Yuhang
Published: September 2021

The working process of the suction valve with complex shape called “boqi” and the discharge valve with four arms were simulated by the three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction method in this paper. By setting the gap boundary condition between the valve and the valve plate, hanged the connection between the valve and the valve plate in the model, and the problem of flow area connectivity caused by the opening and closing of the valve was solved. It solved the mesh overlapped and distorted problem caused by the valve motion. According to the simulation, the results of valve’s dynamic characteristic and gas pressure were obtained. A valve displacement test bench of reciprocating compressor was built, and the valve motions under different rotational speed and different pressure ratio was tested. Comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, it shows that the three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction model can be used to simulate the interaction between the valve with complex shape and the compressor fluid field. From the simulation results, the pressure cloud map of the valve under different conditions was extracted. Finally, the method proposed in this paper was used to analyze the valve’s displacement, speed and stress.
Modeling the loading factor characteristic of an industrial centrifugal compressor impeller
Authors: Galerkin Yu , Solovyeva O , Soldatova K , Nikiforov A
Published: September 2021

Test data on compressor stages demonstrate that loading factor versus flow coefficient at an impeller exit is of linear character independent of compressibility. Mathematical models of the Universal Modeling Method use this pattern at their core. In the first versions of the Method, two points determined the loading factor characteristic: loading factor at the design point, and at zero flow rate. To calculate these parameters, the user had to define values of two empirical coefficients. The choice of the coefficient is based on experience. An attempt to obtain approximating formulas for these coefficients did not lead to a result with the required accuracy.

In the modern version of the Method, the loading factor characteristic is defined by the angle of its inclination to the ordinate axis and by the loading factor at zero flow rate. The authors have researched test performances of model stages. Simple and definite equations with four geometric parameters were proposed for loading factor characteristics. The calculation error is 1%.

A trailing edge shape influences the loading factor. Blunt and symmetrically tapered blades have the same loading factor. Non-symmetric tapering changes the loading factor by up to plus/minus 4% The results of impeller tests with different blade trailing edges and with vane and vaneless diffusers were generalized. The influence of these factors was taken into account as correcting coefficients in the formulas. The alternative model of loading factor characteristic modeling is included in the Universal Modeling Method and demonstrates good results in design practice.
Theory and practice of neural networks application to building mathematical model of centrifugal compressor vane diffusers
Authors: Nikiforov Aleksandr , Rekovetc Andrei , Galerkin Yuri , Petukhov Evgeniy , Rekstin Aleksey , Semenovsky Vasiliy , Solovyeva Olga
Published: September 2021

Optimal design of centrifugal compressor stages needs special computational and experimental methods, both of them could be costly enough. So new advanced design methods which can provide optimal solution faster are needed. Authors developed the set of mathematical models – Universal modeling method - for describing compressor stages characteristics. Its models are being widened and improved. One the most advanced approaches of model building is based on machine learning. A neural network based method for predicting centrifugal compressor vane diffuser characteristics was developed. Input data for network training was obtained from CFD simulations. The resulting model for diffuser loss coefficient shows good approximation quality and can be used for improvement of VD model in Universal modeling method.
Research and Solution of Vibration Problem of an Air-cooled heat exchanger of Reciprocating Compressor
Authors: Ye Junchao , Yu Xiaoling , Fan Shiyi , Lv Qian , Wang Xiaolin
Published: September 2021

Excessive vibration of complex structures in a multi-excitation environment is an arduous problem. Especially in a reciprocating compressor, how to quickly and accurately position the vibration sources, analyze the excitation features and take effective solutions is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of the compressor. In this paper, the problem of excessive vibration of an air-cooled heat exchanger used in a variable speed CH4 compressor was studied. The air-cooled heat exchanger is composed of tubes, tube boxes and support frame. Its vibration is evoked by complex periodic gas pulsation in the tubes. The vibration model of the heat exchanger was simplifies as a multi-freedom model with periodic excitations using the lumped parameter method. The model has advantages of clear physical concept, easy solution and high accuracy of result. In the model, the air-cooled heat exchanger was simplified as three mass blocks connected by six springs. And then, modal test of the heat exchanger was carried out on site. The vibration modes and natural frequencies of the exchanger were obtained according to the test results. After that, above mentioned multi-freedom model was further simplified as a single freedom vibration model, so that it was convenient to propose the vibration control measures. The practical application results proved that these measures were effective. This research provided a practical and fast analytical method for solutions of compressor vibration problems.
Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a vapor injection organic Rankine cycle system for low-grade heat recovery
Authors: Li D T , He Z L , Ji L T , Xing Z W
Published: September 2021

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system has been widely used in waste heat recovery and geothermal utilization, but the system efficiency is limited due to the large exergy loss in the evaporation process. To improve the performance of ORC systems, in this paper, a vapor injection organic Rankine cycle (VIORC) system using positive-displacement expanders was proposed. The thermodynamic model of the proposed system was developed in views of energy and exergy. The effects of system operation parameters on system performance were investigated, and the system was optimized under different waste heat temperatures. Furthermore, the optimized systems were compared with basic ORC (BORC) systems. Results showed that compared with the BORC system, the proposed system increased the net output power by 3-8% and the exergy efficiency by 0.8-3.2% under the heat source temperature of 90-150 °C. The exergy loss analysis further showed that the reduction of the exergy loss in the evaporation process was the main contribution to the efficiency improvement of the proposed system.
Comparison of the antibacterial effect of a copper-coated surface on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas putida in different physiological states
Authors: Vibornijs V , Liepins J , Selga T , Bankovskis V , Cosemans P , Muter O
Published: September 2021

The antimicrobial effect of Cu is dependent on several factors, including the physiological state of test-cultures. The present study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of the newly developed Cu-coated surface, using bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas putida harvested at exponential (6h) and stationary (24h) phases of growth as well as from a colony. Growth kinetics and cell morphology were characterised for each culture. The colony forming units log reduction values for a Cu-coated surface for cultures at exponential, stationary phase, and from a colony were 1.08, 2.85, and 2.14, respectively, for S. epidermidis, while 1.57, 3.95, and 3.14, respectively, for P. putida. The Cu-coated surface reduced the signal of ATP bioluminescence in both S. epidermidis and P. putida, with the more pronounced inhibition being for the cells at exponential and stationary phase of growth. The data indicated that bacterial cultures at the early exponential stage of growth are more resistant towards antimicrobial surfaces than cells at the stationary phase of growth and from a colony. This fact is of great importance for estimating the efficiency of antimicrobial coatings.