bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Byzantine Churches of Enez (Ainis) in Eastern Thrace
Authors: Özgür Özge
Published: October 2018

The ancient city of Ainos was built on the east coast of the Maritsa (Meriç) river, where the river joins the sea. The city is located on the west of ancient Lake Stentoris (today Gala Lake) and was established on the 7th century BC as a colony of the Aiolians. The excavations at Ainos proved that the city was continuously inhabited since Neolithic era. Ainos was connected in the north to Adrianopolis by sea and by overland route, in the east to Gallipolis and Constantinople and was situated in a very important location. In 148 BC the city was conquered by the Romans and during the Byzantine era it became the capital of the Rhodope region of the Europa province. The location of the city attests its importance as a major commercial center. Today the ancient city of Ainos is situated 3.5 km inside from the coast. Throughout the prehistoric ages, Ainos had two ports and the point that Meriç (Maritsa) River joins today the sea used to be a gulf. Ainos, the most important port city of Eastern Thrace, besides joining the Aegean Sea with the hinterland of Eastern Thrace, was situated at the end of the shortest and most secure road between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. During the middle ages the city preserved its importance and as it continued to unite the Aegean islands to Thrace, it was a significant commercial center. Ainos remained a major commercial center until the beginning of the 19th century
Préambule
Authors: Nahas Georges
Published: October 2018

La lumière est surtout considérée comme un phénomène physique dont les scientifiques semblent avoir étudié tous les constituants, aussi bien au niveau des particules qui la forment qu’au niveau du mouvement de ces dernières. Mais la Lumière n’est pas perçue uniquement comme telle par l’homme. Ainsi quand on dit que « telle chose a été lue à la lumière de ... » ou que « telle idée a éclairé telle autre », il n’est évidemment pas question de la lumière en tant que phénomène physique. La lumière est devenue synonyme de tout ce qui peut révéler quelque chose, car il n’y a pas de vision sans lumière ; ainsi vision et lumière sont devenues des termes génériques qui permettent de se rendre compte de l’existence des choses, de leur spécificité et de leur potentialité à être disponibles aux autres. Réciproquement, se découvrir ou se mettre à nu, est un autre aspect de la visibilité que permet la lumière, puisqu’il s’agit là de la disponibilité de la personne à s’exposer aux regards des autres. Enfin, la dimension interne permet à l’individu de se connaître grâce à un « éclairage » interne. Ainsi, la lumière semble pluridimensionnelle quand il s’agit de sa conception par l’homme et c’est ce concept, qui n’a rien à voir avec les sciences physiques, que j’aimerais partager avec vous.
Introduction
Authors: Bonnéric Julie
Published: October 2018

La lumière constitue un objet d’étude foncièrement équivoque et pouvant être appréhendé de nombreuses façons. Au niveau le plus élémentaire, la lumière est un phénomène perçu : la notion d’ « éclairement », par exemple, traduit la quantité de lumière pénétrant dans un édifice et reçue par l’œil humain. Néanmoins la lumière n’est pas seulement perçue, elle est également vecteur de la perception et organisatrice d’espaces : elle donne en effet à voir, et, ce faisant, contribue à ordonner l’espace en secteurs qui peuvent témoigner d’une gestion motivée, soit par des contraintes d’ordre pratique ou fonctionnel, soit par des raisons spirituelles, religieuses ou mystiques. Subissant des distorsions qui la dissimulent ou l’exaltent, la lumière, référence qui symbolise, peut alors donner à voir ce qui, précisément, relève de l'invisible, du sacré, de l’immatériel.
Spatialités lumineuses des médersas du Maghreb
Authors: Ziani Abdelouahab , Belakehal Azeddine
Published: October 2018

Dans l’Islam, la lumière occupe une place importante similaire à celle qui lui est accordée par les religions du Livre antérieures. Une sourate coranique entière est dédiée à la lumière et la valorise en tant que symbole divin : « Allah est la lumière des cieux et de la terre. Sa lumière est semblable à une niche où se trouve une lampe. La lampe est dans (un récipient de) cristal et celui-ci ressemble à un astre de grand éclat » (Coran, 24, 35). La symbolique du divin et de l’unité divine octroyée par l’Islam à la lumière est centrale, en particulier pour le soufisme, comme le soulignent plusieurs auteurs (Akkach 2005 ; Behrens-Abouseif 1999 ; Bonnéric 2012 ; Burckhardt 1985 ; Gonzales 2001 ; Hoag 1962 ; Irwin 1997). Cette symbolique s’étendra également à la connaissance, à la sagesse (Akkach 2005) et à la beauté.
Douze fenêtres de synagogue. Usages de la lumière, du Sud tunisien à Jérusalem
Authors: Jarrassé Dominique
Published: October 2018

Les Juifs du Sud tunisien (Djerba et Gabès), à partir d’une banale structure de l’architecture coloniale, un lanterneau carré, ont inventé une des compositions spatiales symboliques les plus subtiles qui répondent à la spiritualisation juive de la lumière, tout en offrant une dimension pratique. Il est même devenu une sorte de symbole identitaire en contexte musulman. Nous en trouvons une vingtaine dans le Sud tunisien des XIXe et XXe siècles. Est-ce un hasard que la synagogue la plus extraordinaire pour ses vitraux, celle de l’Hôpital Hadassah à Jérusalem (1961), ait été construite sur le même principe, un lanterneau qui pût recevoir les Douze tribus de Chagall ? Car, non seulement la majorité de ces lanterneaux comportent douze fenêtres, chiffre à valeur symbolique, mais ils répondent à une nécessité fonctionnelle d’éclairage de l’estrade de lecture (teba), créant un contraste entre la zone d’ombre où sont les arches saintes contenant les rouleaux de la Tora (elle-même lumière) et l’espace de l’officiant. La fonctionnalité de ce type de synagogue à lanterneau, associée à une interprétation parfaitement traditionnelle, a favorisé sa diffusion.
La lumière naturelle dans l’abbaye de Belmond et dans les églises médiévales de l’époque franque au Liban
Authors: Chaaya Anis
Published: October 2018

La question de l’éclairement naturel dans les églises et édifices médiévaux est un vaste sujet qui touche plusieurs domaines (Reveyron 1999 : 165). Le sujet de la lumière comporte deux aspects assez différents mais complémentaires. La lumière est un facteur naturel qui est nécessaire à la vie ; elle permet le développement de l’Homme et de toutes les créatures et les espèces. Généralement, le soleil ordonne, en Asie et en Europe, les constructions religieuses (Thibaud 2000 : 248). De même, la lumière dans les lieux de culte est un élément indispensable aux fidèles pour la pratique du culte. Par ailleurs, l’apport de la religion dans la vie des fidèles est souvent considéré comme une lumière divine et une manne dans la vie quotidienne et les difficultés de la vie terrestre.
La lumière dans les grandes mosquées pré-mameloukes en Égypte et dans le Bilād al-Šām : gestion pratique, organisation spatio-temporelle et portée symbolique
Authors: Bonnéric Julie
Published: October 2018

L’exécution de la prière musulmane ne dépend pas d’un emplacement ou d’un édifice particulier, mais d’un état — la pureté rituelle — et d’une direction — celle de Jérusalem puis de la Kaaba. Rien ne définit donc, à l’origine, la forme d’un lieu de culte, ni celle d’une liturgie. Bien que la prière puisse être exécutée dans n’importe quel environnement, sa réalisation dans une mosquée est plus méritoire. La mosquée néanmoins, avant d’être un édifice, est un lieu de culte et de réunion de la communauté musulmane. Cet emplacement n’est pas nécessairement construit. L’espace doit simplement être orienté afin d’indiquer la direction de la prière. Dans certains contextes, la mosquée prend donc la forme d’un espace à ciel ouvert, un muṣallā, simplement indiqué par un mur dirigé vers la Kaaba
Considérations sur le luminaire médiéval religieux au Proche-Orient
Authors: Antaki-Masson Patricia
Published: October 2018

Que ce soit dans les lieux de culte chrétiens, musulmans ou juifs, la lumière, naturelle ou artificielle, n’a pas pour seul objectif d’éclairer le monument mais représente aussi, et surtout, la présence divine (Bonnéric 2012a). Ce rôle est d’ailleurs mis en valeur dans les textes sacrés. Ainsi, par exemple, Jésus annonce : « Je suis la Lumière du monde, qui me suit ne marchera pas dans les ténèbres, mais aura la lumière de la vie » (Jean 8 : 12). Dans le Coran apparaît ce célèbre verset : « Dieu est la Lumière des cieux et de la terre. Sa lumière est semblable à une niche où se trouve une lampe. La lampe est dans un récipient de cristal et celui-ci ressemble à un astre de grand éclat » (XXIV, 35).
Le rôle de la lumière dans les peintures murales des églises de la vallée de Qadicha et de la région de Koura
Authors: Hajj May
Published: October 2018

Dieu est proclamé lumière par plusieurs psaumes et Jésus apparaît comme lumière du monde dans l’Évangile. La lumière est également un attribut divin désigné plusieurs fois dans la Bible. Afin de mettre cette lumière en valeur dans l’église, différents outils, architecturaux et artistiques, sur des matériaux variés, sont employés. Parmi les outils artistiques figurent les peintures murales, l’iconostase, la mosaïque et le vitrail. Les ouvertures architecturales et les luminaires permettent par ailleurs de mettre l’accent sur des éléments majeurs, tels que le tabernacle, l’iconostase et la peinture dans les absides. Au Liban, dans la plupart des églises peintes, la technique employée est celle de la peinture murale plutôt que de la fresque.
Artificial Light Sources in Roman, Byzantine, and Post- Byzantine Eras: An Evaluation of their Performance
Authors: Moullou Dorina , Doulos Lambros T , Topalis Frangiskos V
Published: October 2018

The assessment of the performance of ancient lighting devices may provide scholars with valuable information on the lighting conditions that existed in ancient houses, and on the level of optical comfort created by the use of those devices. Consequently, it also provides scholars with valuable information on the feasibility of activities performed during night time. This paper focuses on the investigation of the performance of lighting devices, namely lamps and candles, used in Greece during the Roman, Byzantine, and Post-Byzantine eras. At the same time, we provide non-lighting specialists (e.g. archaeologists) with the tool to assess the performance of the lighting devices they study, as well as to estimate the amount of light emitted on a surface of interest.
À propos de l’inscription cruciforme φῶς/ζωή (Lumière et Vie) en Orient proto-byzantin: théologie sacramentelle et liturgie
Authors: Alpi Frédéric
Published: October 2018

Bâtie peut-être sur le modèle des acclamations protocolaires antiques (Jalabert et Mouterde 1939 : 174, n° 304), l’association des deux mots grecs φῶς (lumière) et ζωή (vie) résume la doctrine chrétienne du salut apporté aux hommes par Jésus-Christ, puisqu’elle reprend la définition de Jean 8,12 : Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου· ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ οὐ μὴ περιπατήσῃ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, ἀλλ̕ ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς (Je suis la Lumière du monde : celui qui m’accompagne ne marchera pas dans les ténèbres ; non, il aura la Lumière de la Vie). Les attestations épigraphiques en sont donc relativement nombreuses en Orient, qu’il s’agisse d’inscriptions lapidaires ou de gravures effectuées sur des objets de culte ou de dévotion (Leclercq 1939).
Lumière et théophanie dans l’ismaélisme : le cas du traité I du Kitāb al-Kašf
Authors: Gillon Fârès
Published: October 2018

Au Xe siècle, l’accès au pouvoir d’une dynastie de vizirs chiites à Bagdad, les Bouyides, s’accompagna d’une marginalisation croissante des traditions les plus « irrationnelles » de l’imâmisme, la normalisation politique du chiisme entraînant une certaine normalisation doctrinale (Halm 1995 : 54-68 ; Amir- Moezzi et Jambet 2004 : 181-194). L’histoire doctrinale du chiisme ancien est en effet celle d’une rationalisation progressive de la théologie et des corpus de hadîths imâmites, les traditions attribuant des pouvoirs surnaturels aux Imâms étant peu à peu écartées. L’une des manifestations les plus expressives de cette évolution fut le glissement sémantique du mot ʿaql (intellect, raison), peu à peu dépouillé de ses connotations gnostiques pour acquérir une tonalité plus rationalisante, notamment sous l’influence de la pensée grecque traduite en arabe à partir du IXe siècle. Sur le plan politique, le chiisme turbulent et révolutionnaire des débuts de l’islam, auquel correspondaient des doctrines elles-mêmes turbulentes pour ainsi dire, ne pouvait se maintenir tel quel une fois qu’il jouissait du pouvoir politique, ne serait-ce que pour ne pas heurter trop frontalement les croyances de la communauté islamique, majoritairement sunnite. Si Ǧaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (m. 765) représentait, outre un quiétisme politique, une volonté de ne pas adhérer, au moins en apparence, à des doctrines considérées comme « exagératrices », il fut plutôt l’exception que la règle dans l’ensemble des mouvements chiites.
La prophétie médiévale dans le Royaume de France : Lumière divine et ténèbres humaines
Authors: Mériaux Anne
Published: October 2018

Les multiples catastrophes de la fin du Moyen Âge — perte des États latins d’Orient (chute de Tripoli en 1288 puis de Saint-Jean d’Acre en 1291), guerre de Cent Ans (1337-1453), Grand Schisme d’Occident (1378-1417), etc. —, entrainent un important courant eschatologique, nourri d’écrits prophétiques divers circulant dans tout l’espace de la Chrétienté. Le Bas Moyen Âge est en effet « un temps d’attente », pour reprendre l’expression d’Heinz Zahrnt, professeur de théologie à Hambourg (Zahrnt 1970 : 13), un temps simultanément marqué par la mélancolie et le sentiment d’un recommencement imminent, un temps donc où les hommes ont soif de la parole de Dieu.
A Simple Model for Hardness and Residual Stress Profiles Prediction for Low-Alloy Nitrided Steel, Based on Nitriding-Induced Tempering Effects
Authors: Thibault S. , Sidoroff C. , Jegou S. , Barrallier L. , Michel G.
Published: October 2018

Nitriding of low-alloy steels is widely used for gears and bearings in aerospace industry. Some highly stressed surfaces require high nitrided depth, which involves long time/high temperature nitriding treatment. This study focused on identifying process parameter effects on hardness and residual stress profiles in a large range of nitriding time and temperature. We demonstrate that core and case can be considered as two materials, softening of which can be predicted by two tempering laws. In addition, a basic relationship was derived from the nitriding depth and a pseudo-diffusion coefficient, allowing prediction of the hardness profile. Residual stress results show that the diffusion controlled effect can also be used to predict residual stress profile affected depth. Likewise, the tempering controlled effect can be used to predict surface and maximum values of the residual stress profile.
INFLUENCE OF POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION ON THE EFFECT OF CROSS-PHASE MODULATION IN INTENSITY MODULATION-DIRECT DETECTION WDM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Authors: Islam M S
Published: October 2018

Cross-phase modulation (XPM) changes the state-of-polarization (SOP) of the channels through nonlinear polarization rotation and induces nonlinear time dependent phase shift for polarization components that leads to amplitude modulation of the propagating waves in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. Due to the presence of birefringence, the angle between the SOP changes randomly and as a result polarization mode dispersion (PMD) causes XPM modulation amplitude fluctuation random in the perturbed channel. In this paper we analytically determine the probability density function of the random angle between the SOP of pump and probe, and evaluate the impact of polarization mode dispersion on XPM in terms of bit error rate, channel spacing etc for a two channel intensity modulation-direct detection WDM system at 10 Gb/s. It is found that the XPM induced crosstalk is polarization independent for channel spacing greater than 3 nm or PMD coefficient larger than 2 ps/√km. We also investigate the dependence of SOP variance on PMD coefficient and channel spacing.
LOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION USING IMMOBILIZED ACINETOBACTER SP. CULTURE
Authors: Amara Amro Abd Al Fattah , Salem Soheir R.
Published: October 2018

Phenol degradation processes were conducted through a series of enzymatic reactions effects and is affect by different components of the microbial metabolic flux. Using different optimization strategies like mutagenesis could lead to a successful optimization but also lead to lost of some important microbial features or to release a new virulence or unexpected characters. Plackett-Burman closes much gab between optimization, safety, time, cost, Man/hr, the complexity of the metabolic flux etc. Using Plackett-Burman experimental design lead to map the points affect in the optimization process by well understanding their request from nutrient and the best environmental condition required. In this study nine variables include pH (X1), oC (X2), glucose (X3), yeast extract (X4), meat extract (X5), NH4NO3 (X6), K-salt (X7), Mg-salt (X8) and trace element (X9) are optimized during phenol degradation by Acinetobacter sp., using Plackett-Burman design method. Plackett-Burman included 16 experiments, each was used in two levels, [-1] low and high [+1]. According to Blackett-Burman design experiments the maximum degradation rate was 31.25 mg/l/h. Logical and statistical analysis of the data lead to select pH, Temperature and Meat extract as three factors affecting on phenol degradation rate. These three variables have been used in Box-Behnken experimental design for further optimization. Meat extract, which is not statistically recommended for optimization has been used while it can substitute trace element, which is statistically significant. Glucose, which is statistically significant, did not included while it has a negative effect and gave the best result at 0 g/l amount. Glucose has been completely omitted from the media.Â  pH, temperature and meat extract were used in fifteen experiments each was used in three levels, â€“1, 0, and +1 according to Box-Behnken design. Microsoft Excel 2002 solver tool was used to optimize the model created from Box-Behnken. The calculated degradation rate was 37.30 mg/l/hr at pH=7.12, Meat extract=1.6 g/l and Temperature=27.77oC. To prove the efficiency of using the Microsoft Excel 2000 solver the calculated variables are tested experimentally in vivo. The degradation rate was 38.45 mg/L/hr, which equal to 103.08% accuracy. The high accuracy level points out the efficiency of using Box-Behnken experimental design and the Excel solver to optimize its model.
COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION ON CSF FLOW ANALYSIS IN THE THIRD VENTRICLE AND AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS
Authors: Hadzri Edi Azali , Osman Kahar , Abdul Kadir Mohamed Rafiq , Abdul Aziz Azian
Published: October 2018

In this study, a three dimensional (3D) model of the third ventricle and aqueduct of Sylvius derived from MRI scans was constructed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) can be modeled as a Newtonian Fluid and its flow through the region of interest (ROI) was visualized using Engineering Fluid Dynamics (EFD).The constructed ROI was regarded as rigid walled and only steady state flow was able to be defined due to the limitations of current software. Different flow rate was simulated at the Foramen of Monro and a small stenosis was modeled at the middle of the aqueduct of Sylvius at a fixed location. This was made corresponding to normal patients with variation of CSF flow rate physiologically and abnormal patients with tumor causing obstruction to or within the aqueduct of Sylvius, respectively. Due to the small dimensions of the ROI geometry, gravity and complex external gravity that acted upon it was considered to be neglected. The results show as the flow rate increase, the pressure drop of CSF in the ROI proportionally increased. For normal CSF flow rate, the presence of stenosis in the aqueduct demonstrates a significant increased pressure drop.ABSTRAK-Dalam kajian ini, model tiga dimensi (3D) untuk ventrikel ketiga dan akueduk Sylvius, yang terhasil daripada pengimejan resonans magnetik telah dikonstruksi menggunakan Permodelan Perkomputeran Dinamik Bendalir (Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)). Cecair serebrospinal (Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) dimodelkan sebagai bendalir Newtonan dan alirannya melalui kawasan kepentingan (region of interest (ROI)) digambarkan menggunakan Dinamik Bendalir Kejuruteraan (Engineering Fluid Dynamics (EFD)). Kawasan kepentingan yang dikonstruksi dianggap sebagai dinding tegar dan hanya aliran keadaan tunak yang dapat ditakrifkan berdasarkan pengehadan perisian komputer terkini. Kadar aliran yang berbeza disimulasikan di foramen monro dan laluan stenosis yang kecil dimodelkan di tengah-tengah akueduk Sylvius di satu lokasi yang telah ditetapkan. Kaedah ini dijalankan terhadap pesakit normal dengan variasi pada kadar aliran CSF, serta pesakit abnormal yang mempunyai tumor, penyebab sekatan terhadap atau melinkungi akueduk Sylvius. Disebabkan oleh ukuran geometri ROI kecil, tarikan graviti dan graviti luar kompleks yang bertindak ke atasnya diabaikan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa apabila kadar aliran meningkat, susutan tekanan CSF di dalam ROI meningkat dengan berkadar. Untuk kadar aliran CSF yang normal, kehadiran stenosis di dalam akueduk membuktikan pertambahan susutan tekanan yang ketara.
Zinc-Laccase Biofuel Cell
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Aziz , Othman Raihan , Yusof Faridah , Abdul Wahab And Mohamad Firdaus
Published: October 2018

A zinc-laccase biofuel cell adapting the zinc-air cell design features is investigated. A simple cell design configuration is employed: a membraneless single chamber and a freely suspended laccase in a quasi-neutral buffer electrolyte. The cell is characterised according to its open-circuit voltage, polarization profile, power density plot and discharge capacity at constant current. The biocatalytic role of laccase is evident from the polarization profile and power output plot. Performance comparison between a single chamber and dual chamber cell design is also presented. The biofuel cell possessed an open-circuit voltage of 1.2 V and delivered a maximum power density of 0.9 mW/cm2 at current density of 2.5 mA/cm2. These characteristics are comparable to biofuel cell utilising a much more complex system design.KEY WORDS (keyword)):  Biofuel cell, Bioelectrochemical cell, Zinc anode, Laccase and Oxidoreductase.ABSTRAK: Sel bio-bahan api zink-laccase dengan adaptasi daripada ciri-ciri rekabentuk sel zink-udara telah dikaji. Sel dengan konfigurasi rekabentuk yang mudah digunapakai: ruangan tunggal tanpa membran dan laccase diampaikan secara bebas di dalam elektrolit pemampan quasi-neutral. Sel dicirikan berdasarkan voltan litar terbuka, profil polarisasi, plot ketumpatan kuasa dan kapasiti discas pada arus malar. Peranan laccase sebagai bio-pemangkin adalah amat ketara daripada profil polarisasi dan plot ketumpatan kuasa. Perbandingan prestasi di antara sel dengan rekabentuk ruangan tunggal and dwi-ruangan turut diketengahkan. Seperti dijangkakan, sel dengan rekabentuk ruangan tunggal menunjukkan kuasa keluaran yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan rekabentuk dwi-ruangan kemungkinan disebabkan fenomena cas bocor. Sel bio-bahan api ini mempunyai voltan litar terbuka 1.2 V dan memberikan ketumpatan kuasa maksima 0.9 mW/cm2 pada ketumpatan arus 2.5 mA/cm2. Ciri-ciri ini adalah sebanding dengan sel bio-bahan api yang menggunapakai rekabentuk sel yang jauh lebih rumit.
The reduction of stress concentration in a uni-axially loaded infinite width rectangular isotropic/orthotropic plate with central circular hole by coaxial auxiliary holes
Authors: Jain Dr. Nitin
Published: October 2018

A comprehensive plane stress finite element study is made for reduction of stress concentration factor (SCF) in a uni-axially loaded infinite width rectangular isotropic/orthotropic plate with central circular hole. The finite element formulation was carried out by the analysis section of the package ANSYS. With the help of present work, stress concentration can be reduced up to 24.4 % in an isotropic and 31 % in an orthotropic plate by introducing four coaxial auxiliary holes on either side of main hole. The study reveals that the introduction of these holes helps to smooth flow of the tensile stress past the main hole and result a reduction in stress concentration factor. With such reduction in maximum stress levels, the improvement in fatigue life of a component can be significant.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS: SOLUTION TO REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING
Authors: Baradey Y. , Hawlader M. N. A. , Ismail Ahmad Faris , Hrairi Meftah
Published: October 2018

Energy conversion technologies, where waste heat recovery systems are included, have received significant attention in recent years due to reasons that include depletion of fossil fuel, increasing oil prices, changes in climatic conditions, and global warming. For low temperature applications, there are many sources of thermal waste heat, and several recovery systems and potential useful applications have been proposed by researchers [1-4]. In addition, many types of equipment are used to recover waste thermal energy from different systems at low, medium, and high temperature applications, such as heat exchangers, waste heat recovery boiler, thermo-electric generators, and recuperators. In this paper, the focus is on waste heat recovery from air conditioners, and an efficient application of these energy resources. Integration of solar energy with heat pump technologies and major factors that affect the feasibility of heat recovery systems have been studied and reviewed as well.Â KEYWORDS: waste heat recovery; heat pump.
IMPLEMENTING NDN USING SDN: A REVIEW ON METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Rowshanrad Shiva , Parsaei Mohamad Reza , Keshtgari Manijeh
Published: October 2018

In recent years many claims about the limitations of todaysâ€™ network architecture, its lack of flexibility and ability to response to ongoing changes and increasing users demands. In this regard, new network architectures are proposed. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is one of these new architectures which centralizes the control of network by separating control plane from data plane. This separation leads to intelligence, flexibility and easier control in computer networks. One of the advantages of this framework is the ability to implement and test new protocols and architectures in actual networks without any concern of interruption.Named Data Networking (NDN) is another paradigm for future network architecture. With NDN the network becomes aware of the content that is providing, rather than just transferring it among end-points. NDN attracts researchersâ€™ attention and known as the potential future of networking and internet. Providing NDN functionalities over SDN is an important requirement to enable the innovation and optimization of network resources. In this paper first we describe about SDN and NDN, and then we introduce methods for implementing NDN using SDN. We also point out the advantages and applications of implementing NDN over SDN.
EFFECT OF MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN TOOL-BASED MICROMILLING
Authors: Ali Mohammad Yeakub , Jailani Wan Norsyazila , Rahman Mohamed , Hasan Muhammad Hasibul , Banu Asfana
Published: October 2018

Cutting fluid plays an important role in machining processes to achieve dimensional accuracy in reducing tool wear and improving the tool life. Conventional flood cooling method in machining processes is not cost effective and consumption of huge amount of cutting fluids is not healthy and environmental friendly. In micromachining, flood cooling is not recommended to avoid possible damage of the microstructures. Therefore, one of the alternatives to overcome the environmental issues to use minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) in machining process. MQL is eco-friendly and has economical advantage on manufacturing cost. However, there observed lack of study on MQL in improving machined surface roughness in micromilling. Study of the effects of MQL on surface roughness should be carried out because surface roughness is one of the important issues in micromachined parts such as microfluidic channels. This paper investigates and compares surface roughness with the presence of MQL and dry cutting in micromilling of aluminium alloy 1100 using DT-110 milling machine. The relationship among depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed on surface roughness is also analyzed. All three machining parameters identified as significant for surface roughness with dry cutting which are depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. For surface roughness with MQL, it is found that spindle speed did not give much influence on surface roughness. The presence of MQL provides a better surface roughness by decreasing the friction between tool and workpiece.
CHALLENGES IN TEXTILE WASTEWATER AND CURRENT PALLIATIVE METHODS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Bello Ibrahim Adebayo
Published: October 2018

Effluents from dye and textile industries are highly contaminated and toxic to the environment. High concentration of non-biodegradable compounds contributes to increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater bodies.Â  Dyes found in wastewater from textile industries are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic. Biological processes involving certain bacteria, fungi, activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising methods for treating the waste water. These methods are either inefficient or ineffective.Â  These complexities necessitates search for new approaches that will offset all the shortcomings of the present solutions to the challenges faced with textile wastewater management. This article reviews the past and recent methods used in the treatment of the textile dye wastewater and the future opportunities for efficient treatment of textiles wastewaters.
A Comprehensive Computational Design for Microstrip Passive and Active Linear Circuits
Authors: A. El-Badawy El-Sayed , Ibrahim S. H.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a complete program called HHSS2 is introduced which is a user-oriented program capable of designing linear active and passive microstrip circuits such as amplifiers, oscillators, mixers, lowpass filters, and couplers. The substrate parameters and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip lines are given to the program as a common statement. Examples for the design of a 3-GHz high gain amplifier, 2.6-GHz oscillator, ring coupler operated at 3.33 GHz, Lange coupler operated at 3.3 GHz, and maximally-flat lowpass filter operated at 2 GHz with 0.75 GHz cutoff frequency are introduced.    Key Words: Computational Microstrip Circuit Design, Microwave Circuits, Computer Aided Design.
Compassion Fatigue in Nurses Working in Surgical Clinics
Authors: Denk Tuba , Köçkar Çiğdem
Published: October 2018

This
research was carried out with a total of 207 nurses who agreed to participate
in the study in a research hospital surgical clinics between February and May
2016. The data collection tool used was the socio-demographic characteristics
form and the Quality of Life Scale for Employees, which consist of the sub-dimensions
of occupational satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue. As a result of
the study, it was found that as the age of increased, the rate of professional
satisfaction increased, the rate of  job
satisfaction was higher for female and the rate of burnout was higher for men,
the lower level of education was cause lower professional satisfaction and
higher compassion fatigue.
Eficácia de Oxitetraciclina no tratamento de Streptococus Agalactiae em tilapia a diferentes temperaturas de criação
Authors: Ferrante Marcos , Mariotto Iris Fatima , Rezler Wosiacki Sheila
Published: October 2018

Streptococcosis is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazilian tilapia farming and oxytetracycline is one of the main antibiotics that have been used for decades in its treatment. There are studies that determine the differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in Nile Tilapia according to breeding temperatures. However, there are no studies evaluating the impact of these changes in breeding temperature on the clinical efficacy of oxytetracycline at usual doses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of changes in breeding temperature on mortality rates, carrier animals and cure in Streptococcus agalactiae infections. The pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic index (PK/PD) used for the determination of efficacy was the area below the plasma concentration of oxytetracycline versus time (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) curve. A Monte Carlo simulation of the AUC followed by the PK/PD modeling was used to estimate the rates of cured, carrion and dead animals. Changes were observed in the frequencies of dead individuals and estimated carriers related to variations in breeding temperature. The estimated mortality rates were 58% and 12% and the rates of asymptomatic carriers were 11% and 19%, respectively, according to the breeding temperatures of 25° C and 30° C. The probability of obtaining bacteriology cure after treatment increased for treatments performed at 30° C breeding temperature. It was observed that small increments in the CIM determined large changes in the rates of cured, carcass and dead animals. This demonstrates the need to incorporate in the therapeutic protocol bacteriological isolation, MIC determination and optimization of therapeutic doses in order to avoid therapeutic failures and consequently potentiate the development of resistance.
Desenvolvimento orgânico da alface cv. Veneranda em diferentes canteiros e manejo de irrigação
Authors: Pereira Elton , Leite Daniel Carvalho , Arraes Francisco Dirceu Duarte , Alves Jânio Eduardo de Araújo , Nascimento Roberto Castro
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of lettuce cv. Veneranda (Lactuca sativa L.), in different forms of irrigation in organic production system in the semi-arid Pernambucano. The present study was conducted in the city of Salgueiro / PE, in a family-owned rural property. Experimentally, we analyzed the development of organic lettuce irrigated in an economical bed integrated to the umbu cuca irrigation system and conventional bed by means of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) daily, estimated by the standard Penman-Monteith method recommended by the FAO, during seven evaluation periods biometric after transplanting (04; 08; 12; 16; 20; 24 e 27 DAT). At the end of the cycle (27 DAT) the biometric and water consumption data by type of irrigation management were evaluated. After data collection, the data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis. The results showed that the biometric parameters (number of leaves, height and diameter of the plant) were higher for the economic bed, integrated umbu cuca irrigation system. However, there was a consumption of 47.17 mm of water in this irrigation system, when compared to the management of the irrigation in conventional beds through ETo by the Penman-Monteith standard method - FAO.
Estudo etnoveterinário de plantas medicinais utilizadas em animais da microrregião do Alto Médio Gurguéia – Piauí
Authors: Amorim Wenderson , Pinho de Sousa Caike , Nascimento Martins Gabriel , Silva de Melo Eveny , Carlos Rodrigues da Silva Italo , Gomes do Nascimento Corrêa Paulo , Sousa Soares Santos Alan Rodrigo , Reis de Carvalho Sávio Matheus , Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro Raizza , Mirck Guerra de Oliveira Jamylla
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to investigate, rescue and document popular knowledge about the use of medicinal plants in the promotion of animal health in the Alto Médio Gurguéia microregion, Piauí. We interviewed people with experience at animal husbandry, and with knowledge about the use of medicinal plants, using non-random sampling. For this purpose, visits were made to rural properties and to support agencies for rural producers (ADAPI and EMATER). There were 61 interviews were conducted between producers and professionals in the agrarian sciences, regardless of sex or age. For the interviews, semi-structured forms with open and closed questions were used. During field research 43 species of plants used in the treatment of animal diseases or conditions were cited. Only at six most cited are described in the table, Aloe Vera L., Drimys brasiliensis, Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.), Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Gossypium hirsutum, Caryocar coriaceum Wittm, Hancornia speciosa Gomez, Guapira graciliflora, Mauritia flexuosa, detailing the taxonomy, therapeutic indications, the parts used, the methods of preparation and the treated animals. The species described were the most cited not by coincidence, are plants that stand out in several ethnobotanical researches and demonstrate a wide medicinal potentiality, even though they have scarce scientific evidence of their biological activities.
Deslocamento de abomaso a esquerda efêmero em uma vaca lactante da raça Jersey: Relato de caso
Authors: Serafim Jéssica , Da Rosa Cássio , Bruschi Bielski Aline , Antônio Pessoa Gilson , Cestonaro Mateus
Published: October 2018

Displaced abomasum is a common pathology in high milk production cows. Due to few literature reports in transient displaced abomasum, this report describes the surgery correction of the left displaced abomasum with recurrent course in a lactating Jersey cow. The animal was monitored for three days, where it was observed that at certain moments of the day the organ displacement occurred. In view of the case, the abomasopexy procedure by the left flank was chosen, since it is the treatment of choice. After the surgical approach, the animal returned to normal feeding. The sooner the diagnosis is made, the better the patient’s prognosis.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Dose Enhancement of 6 MV X-ray in MAGIC_f Polymer Gel Dosimeter
Authors: Ghoreishi S F , Beik J , Shiri I , Keshavarzi K Kh , Mahdavi S R M
Published: October 2018

Background:Currently, the potential application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to increase the efficiency of radiation therapy has been widely investigated. However, lack of an appropriate method to estimate the dose distribution in a nanoparticle-laden tissue limits the applicability of nanoparticles in radiotherapy clinics. Polymer gel dosimetry provides an accurate and precise system that facilitates the measurement of dose distribution in full three dimensions.Objective: In this study, the effect of radiation dose enhancement of AuNPs was assessed through gel dosimetry analysis.Material and Methods: For this purpose, AuNPs were integrated in MAGIC_f polymer gel dosimeter and irradiated by 6 Mv X-ray beam. The irradiated gel was then evaluated through two modalities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical computed tomography (OCT).Result: MRI and OCT scanning of MAGIC_f gels containing 0.1 mM AuNPs demonstrated dose enhancements of 7.8% and 6.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Polymer gel dosimetry has the potential to provide a new platform for the investigation and optimization of the applicability of nanoparticles in radiation therapy.
Developing a Multi-channel Beamformer by Enhancing Spatially Constrained ICA for Recovery of Correlated EEG Sources
Authors: Samadzadehaghdam N , MakkiAbadi B , Eqlimi E , Mohagheghian F , Khajehpoor H , Harirchian M H
Published: October 2018

Background: Brain source imaging based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data aims to recover the neuron populations’ activity producing the scalp potentials. This procedure is known as the EEG inverse problem. Recently, beamformers have gained a lot of consideration in the EEG inverse problem.Objective: Beamformers lack acceptable performance in the case of correlated brain sources. These sources happen when some regions of the brain have simultaneous or correlated activities such as auditory stimulation or moving left and right extremities of the body at the same time. In this paper, we have developed a multichannel beamformer robust to correlated sources. Material and Methods: We have looked at the problem of brain source imaging and beamforming from a blind source separation point of view. We focused on the spatially constraint independent component analysis (scICA) algorithm, which generally benefits from the pre-known partial information of mixing matrix, and modified the steps of the algorithm in a way that makes it more robust to correlated sources. We called the modified scICA algorithm Multichannel ICA based EEG Beamformer (MIEB).Results: We evaluated the proposed algorithm on simulated EEG data and compared its performance quantitatively with three algorithms: scICA, linearly-constrained minimum-variance (LCMV) and Dual-Core beamformers; it is considered that the latter is specially designed to reconstruct correlated sources.Conclusion:The MIEB algorithm has much better performance in terms of normalized mean squared error in recovering the correlated/uncorrelated sources both in noise free and noisy synthetic EEG signals. Therefore, it could be used as a robust beamformer in recovering correlated brain sources.
Contemporary Global Transformation of University System and the Philosophy of Education Specifications in Anglo-Saxon and American Models of Education and Research Management
Authors: Zinchenko Viktor
Published: October 2018

In today’s world there is diversification of different models of higher education. At the same time, the multiplicity, the diversity of higher education models does not exclude their identity. Internationalization and integration of higher education in a global and international dimension raise a lot of new questions to the theory and practice. Almost every developed country has the rich experience of building the higher education system. The analysis of this experience can aid development and enrichment of the national educational system; it provides an opportunity to avoid repeating the same mistakes and to discover the new approaches to solving some problems in this area. Therefore, based on this, we consider that it is impossible to claim the creation of the strategy of modernization educational and scientific reforms, which affect the educational and scientific institution of the society in the management of scientific and educational space without analysis of the existing models, schools, directions, their classification in contemporary philosophy of education. It concern as well the sphere of the social philosophy of education as the sphere of management of education. The continuity of public education, qualitative management, their intensity can only be achieved under two conditions of the fundamental character. The first one is use of new, theoretically grounded and practically proven management, philosophically developed, accessible and technically supported high technology of social activity, education, training, and learning. The second condition is the perfect acquisition of the methodology of socio-axiological and research activity. The structure must provide the same conditions for equitable selection of civil, educational and scientific-educational actions, excluding coercion and domination. It is noted that the existence of developed civil society among the existing conditions and prerequisites for the successful formation and functioning of educational systems and effective models of multilevel educational management is necessary. Thus, we can conclude that the strategy of the modern world development proposed by the social philosophy of upbringing and education is a key in the field of social administration, philosophy, and pedagogy. This is what we exactly mean by education, science or some of the paradigms of upbringing and education as a dominant one on a certain socio-historical stage. This understanding largely depends on the manner of organization and functioning of civil society in the present and future.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (Circ) Dalam Keterampilan Menulis Paragraf Narasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Febriyanto Budi
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan keterampilan menulis paragraf narasi siswa sekolah dasar antara kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan model pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition dengan kelas kontrol yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Metode pendekatan kuantitatif metode kuasieksperimen. Desain penelitian menggunakan Nonequivalent Control Groups Design (NCGD). Sampel penelitian adalah siswa SDN Cicenang I kelas VA sebanyak 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa SDN Cicenang I kelas VB sebanyak 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Alat pengumpul data berupa lembar soal menulis paragraf narasi. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes yaitu prates untuk mengukur kemampuan awal menulis paragraf narasi siswa dan pascates untuk melihat kemampuan akhir keterampilan menulis paragraf narasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu terdapat perbedaan peningkatan keterampilan menulis paragraf narasi siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran menggunakan model CIRC pada kelas eksperimen dengan siswa yang memperoleh metode pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas kontrol. Artinya siswa memiliki keterampilan menulis paragraf narasi lebih baik dengan diajarkannya model CIRC, karena dengan CIRC siswa dituntut untuk bekerja sama dengan teman kelompoknya untuk memahami isi bacaan suatu wacana serta menuliskan kembali isi cerita tersebut sebab dalam CIRC terdapat keterpaduan antara membaca dan menulis secara kooperatif.
Effect of Autologous Plasma, Ascorbic Acid and Glucose Local Infusions on Pelvic Fracture Healing in Experiment
Authors: Silant’Eva T. A. , Krasnov V. V.
Published: October 2018

The efficacy of reparative osteogenesis stimulation by local infusion of autologous plasma in combination with ascorbic acid and glucose solutions was experimentally demonstrated in ani- mals (dogs) using the models of transverse acetabular ( n =20) and iliac shaft fracture ( n= 6). Either intraarticular or intraosseous solution infusions via injection system with automatic drug pump were performed from 2nd to 5th day after transverse osteotomy, reposition and stable external fixation. Fixator was dismounted on 21st postoperative day. In control series of experiment (intraarticular and intraosseous infusion of saline) fibrocartilagenous junction was formed and bone deformity due to secondary bone fragments displacement was noted after device removal. In experimental series primary pelvic bone fragments consolidation was observed in 14 days after operation and no displacement of fragments occurred after external fixation device removal.
Use of Rivaroxaban for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Elderly Patients after Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Afanas’Ev A. P. , Kardanov A. A. , Karandin A. S. , Korolev A. V.
Published: October 2018

Results of retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of venous thromboembolic complications prevention using anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparins and rivaroxaban) in elderly (over 75 years) patients after hip arthroplasty are presented. Ninety four patients were divided into 2 groups (n=47) depending on the applied anticoagulant. Follow up period was 6 months after hospitalization. Asymptomatic thrombosis was diagnosed by duplex ultrasonography only in 1 (2.1%) patient from low-molecular-weight heparin group. No one case of either bleeding or hemorrhage was recorded. It is stated that rivaroxaban ensured effective thromboprophylaxis and safety after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients when no restrictions related to the use of low-molecular-weight heparin injections are present.