bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength of resting state functional connectivity and local GABA concentrations predict oral reading of real and pseudo-words
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lisa C. , Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri , Crosson Bruce , Rothman Douglas L. , Schwam Dina M. , Greenberg Daphne , Pugh Kenneth R. , Morris Robin D.
Published: August 2019

Reading is a learned activity that engages multiple cognitive systems. In a cohort of typical and struggling adult readers we show evidence that successful oral reading of real words is related to gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) concentration in the higher-order language system, whereas reading of unfamiliar pseudo-words is not related to GABA in this system. We also demonstrate the capability of resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) combined with GABA measures to predict single real word compared to pseudo-word reading performance. Results show that the strength of rsFC between left fusiform gyrus (L-FG) and higher-order language systems predicts oral reading behavior of real words, irrespective of the local concentration of GABA. On the other hand, pseudo-words, which require grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, are not predicted by the connection between L-FG and higher-order language system. This suggests that L-FG may have a multi-functional role: lexical processing of real words and grapheme-to-phoneme processing of pseudo-words. Additionally, rsFC between L-FG, pre-motor, and putamen areas are positively related to the oral reading of both real and pseudo-words, suggesting that text may be converted into a phoneme sequence for speech initiation and production regardless of whether the stimulus is a real word or pseudo-word. In summary, from a systems neuroscience perspective, we show that: (i) strong rsFC between higher order visual, language, and pre-motor areas can predict and differentiate efficient oral reading of real and pseudo-words. (ii) GABA measures, along with rsFC, help to further differentiate the neural pathways for previously learned real words versus unfamiliar pseudo-words.
Protein corona-resistant SERS tags for live cell detection of integrin receptors
Authors: Sloan-Dennison Sian , Bevins MaKenzie R. , Scarpitti Brian T. , Sauvé Victoria K. , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: August 2019

Integrin receptors, important in chemical signaling, are imaged using SERS tags in fixed and live cancer cells providing insight into cell signaling and potential drug targets.
Discrimination of papers used in conservation and restoration by the means of the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles technique
Authors: Di Turo Francesca , Mai Carolina , Haba-Martínez Andrea , Doménech-Carbó Antonio
Published: August 2019

The VIMP methodology is used to discriminate different papers according to the electrochemical signals coming from the reactions of lignin.
Preparation of gold nanoparticles using pyridine-formaldehyde as a reducing agent and its application in high sensitivity colorimetric detection of Pb2+
Authors: Lei Liling , Song Haimei , Zhao Junhong , Yang Qingxiang , Chen Zhijun
Published: August 2019

A new method for preparing AuNPs has been successfully developed by using pyridine-formaldehyde as reducing agent. The AuNPs were used in colorimetric sensor for detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions.
Tailoring patches on particles: a modified microcontact printing routine using polymer-functionalised stamps
Authors: Sperling Marcel , Reifarth Martin , Grobe Richard , Böker Alexander
Published: August 2019

We present a microcontact printing (μCP) routine suitable to transfer low molecular weight compounds as ink (LMWI) on silica microparticles.
A long-cycling anode based on a coral-like Sn nanostructure with a binary binder
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Sun Jinmeng , Du Hongfang , He Song , Xie Linghai , Ai Wei , Huang Wei
Published: August 2019

We report a facile one-pot displacement reaction for the synthesis of a 3D coral-like Sn nanostructure towards a long-cycling Li-ion battery anode.
Lamellar NiMoCo@CuS enabling electrocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution
Authors: He Weidong , Wei Wei , Wen Bin , Chen Dongyi , Zhang Jiancong , Jiang Yue , Dong Guanping , Meng Yuying , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun-Ming , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate a NiMoCo@CuS/NF catalyst for the high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction, simultaneously with a significantly enhanced stability.
Correction: Synthesis of indoles and quinazolines via additive-controlled selective C–H activation/annulation of N-arylamidines and sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Lai Ruizhi , Wu Xiaohua , Lv Songyang , Zhang Chen , He Maoyao , Chen Yuncan , Wang Qiantao , Hai Li , Wu Yong
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Synthesis of indoles and quinazolines via additive-controlled selective C–H activation/annulation of N-arylamidines and sulfoxonium ylides’ by Ruizhi Lai et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 4039–4042.
Pyridylphosphine supported Ag(i) and Cu(i) complexes for detection of alcohols and nitriles via structural transformations from 1D to 0D
Authors: Wang Yue , Shi Yongfang , Zou Xiaochuan , He Yucen , Wang Xia
Published: August 2019

One-dimensional chain Ag(i) and Cu(i) complexes exhibit vapochromic luminescence for the detection of alcohols and nitriles via structural transformations from 1D to 0D.
Long-range electron–electron interaction and charge transfer in protein complexes: a numerical approach
Authors: Gnandt David , Koslowski Thorsten
Published: August 2019

Coulomb interactions in large electron transfer proteins can be addressed within a pair approximation. They have a profound effect on the thermodynamics and kinetics of charge transport.
Structure and dynamic properties of stretched water in graphene nanochannels by molecular dynamics simulation: effects of stretching extent
Authors: Wu Mingbing , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaowei , Liu Kang , Li Song
Published: August 2019

Water confined in nanochannels can be stretched with the variation of external pressure, leading to the more disordered microstructure and higher diffusion coefficient than bulk water.
Sustainable access to biobased biphenol epoxy resins by electrochemical dehydrogenative dimerization of eugenol
Authors: de Kruijff Goswinus H. M. , Goschler Thorsten , Beiser Nicole , Stenglein Andreas , Türk Oliver M. , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: August 2019

Limited fossil resources require innovative monomers and polymers derived from renewable feedstocks such as plant biomass.
Roles for intracellular cation transporters in respiratory growth of yeast
Authors: Zhang Feng , Bian Jiang , Chen Xueqing , Huang Jiaxin , Smith Nathan , Lu Wen , Xu Yuan , Lee Jaekwon , Wu Xiaobin
Published: August 2019

Potassium is involved in copper and iron metabolism in eukaryotic Golgi apparatus, but it is not clear yet whether potassium distributions in other vesicles also affect copper and iron metabolism. Here we show that respiratory growth and iron acquisition by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on potassium (K+) compartmentalization to the mitochondria, as well as the vacuole and late endosome via K+/H+ exchangers Mdm38p, Vnx1p and Nhx1p, respectively. The data indicate that NHX1 and VNX1 knock-out cells grow better than wild type cells on non-fermentable YPEG media, while MDM38 knock-out cells display a growth defect on YPEG media. The over expression of the KHA1 gene located on the Golgi apparatus partially compensates for the growth defect of the MDM38 knock-out strain. The results suggest that the vacuole and late endosome are important potassium storage vesicles and Mdm38p affects the mitochondrial function by regulating copper and iron metabolism. Our study reveals potassium compartmentalization to the subcellular vesicles is relevant for respiratory growth by improving copper utilization and promoting iron absorption.
Study of dispersion mechanisms of modified SiC powder: electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism
Authors: Wei Yanan , Liu Youxing
Published: August 2019

Surface modification technology was used to increase the dispersion of SiC powder.
Netlike hybridization chain reaction assembly of DNA nanostructures enables exceptional signal amplification for sensing trace cytokines
Authors: Qin Yao , Li Daxiu , Yuan Ruo , Xiang Yun
Published: August 2019

Target-induced assembly formation of netlike DNA nanostructures leads to highly sensitive detection of cytokines.
High-index faceted metal oxide micro-/nanostructures: a review on their characterization, synthesis and applications
Authors: Sun Shaodong , Zhang Xin , Cui Jie , Yang Qing , Liang Shuhua
Published: August 2019

High-index faceted metal oxides are reviewed based on their characterization, synthesis and applications. Several challenging issues and perspectives are also presented.
Nanopatterning protein antigens to refocus the immune response
Authors: Arsiwala Ammar , Varner Chad , McCaffery Jessica N. , Kell Andrew , Pendyala Geetanjali , Castro Ana , Hariharan Vivek , Moreno Alberto , Kane Ravi S.
Published: August 2019

Nanopatterning is used to shield targeted protein epitopes, enabling the immune response to be refocused to conserved regions on the protein.
Engineering orthogonality in the construction of an alternating rhomboidal copolymer with high fidelity via integrative self-sorting
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , Liu Yuhang , Zhao Jun , Yan Xuzhou
Published: August 2019

An alternating rhomboidal copolymer was prepared through the combination of orthogonal self-assembly between metal-coordination and host-guest chemistry as well as integrative self-sorting strategy associated with molecular size and steric effect.
Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of M. tuberculosis
Authors: Tam Benjamin , Sherf Dror , Cohen Shira , Eisdorfer Sarah Adi , Perez Moshe , Soffer Adam , Vilenchik Dan , Akabayov Sabine Ruth , Wagner Gerhard , Akabayov Barak
Published: August 2019

A fast, accurate, and cost-effective design of small-molecule inhibitors that target RNA using a combined NMR-fragment-based and virtual screening.
A new, substituted palladacycle for ppm level Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross couplings in water
Authors: Takale Balaram S. , Thakore Ruchita R. , Handa Sachin , Gallou Fabrice , Reilly John , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: August 2019

A newly engineered palladacycle that contains substituents on the biphenyl rings along with the ligand HandaPhos is especially well-matched to an aqueous micellar medium, enabling valued Suzuki–Miyaura couplings to be run not only in water under mild conditions, but at 300 ppm of Pd catalyst.
Cu-catalyzed oxygenation of alkene-tethered amides with O2viaunactivated CC bond cleavage: a direct approach to cyclic imides
Authors: Li Junhua , Wei Jialiang , Zhu Bencong , Wang Teng , Jiao Ning
Published: August 2019

An efficient aerobic unactivated CC bond cleavage process was achieved, in which the succinimide or glutarimide derivatives could be prepared directly from alkenyl amides.
The human transmembrane mucin MUC17 responds to TNFα by increased presentation at the plasma membrane
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Berger Evelin , Dolan Brendan , Martinez-Abad Beatriz , Arike Liisa , Pelaseyed Thaher , Hansson Gunnar C.
Published: August 2019

Transmembrane mucin MUC17 is an integral part of the glycocalyx as it covers the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes and presents an extended O-glycosylated mucin domain to the intestinal lumen. Here, we identified two unknown phosphorylated serine residues, S4428 and S4492, in the cytoplasmic tail of human MUC17. We have previously demonstrated that MUC17 is anchored to the apical membrane domain via an interaction with the scaffolding protein PDZK1. S4492, localized in the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of MUC17, was mutated to generate phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient variants of MUC17. Using Caco-2 cells as a model system, we found that induction of an inflammatory state by long-term stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα resulted in an increase of MUC17 protein levels and enhanced insertion of MUC17 and its two phospho-variants into apical membranes. Up-regulation and apical insertion of MUC17 was followed by shedding of MUC17-containing vesicles. Transmembrane mucins have previously been shown to play a role in the prevention of bacterial colonization by acting as sheddable decoys for encroaching bacteria. Overexpression and increased presentation at the plasma membrane of wild-type MUC17 and its phosphodeficient variant MUC17 S-4492A protected Caco-2 cells against adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating that C-terminal phosphorylation of MUC17 may play a functional role in epithelial cell protection. We propose a new function for MUC17 in inflammation, where MUC17 acts as a second line of defense by preventing attachment of bacteria to the epithelial cell glycocalyx in the small intestine.
Integrated evaluation of hardware and software interfaces for automotive human–machine interaction
Authors: Zeng Qingshu , Jiang Bing , Duan Qijun
Published: August 2019

In this work, the authors have developed an integrated evaluation hierarchy for automotive human–machine interaction (HMI) software/hardware interfaces and a corresponding set of integrated evaluation carriers and decision modes, to improve the interactive experience and usability of HMI interfaces, evaluation node management in R&D processes, and the integral quality of hardware and software components. In addition, a case study where the integrated evaluation was performed on rapidly prototyped electric automotive user interfaces was utilised to demonstrate the evaluation of integral conceptual themes and system frameworks based on rapid prototypes. It was shown that the evaluation of integrated software/hardware electric automotive interfaces via rapid prototyping aids the communication and organisation of design concepts, thus enhancing the design quality.
SAR imaging model of low‐flying airplane target at complex maritime scene
Authors: Peng Peng , Guo L.X. , Chen B. , Wang Y.J.
Published: August 2019

In the actual scenario, the target is often located in a certain environment and the influence of the environment scattering and the scattering from the multipath interactions between the target and background environment can make the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) characteristics quite different from those of the targets in the free space. The SAR imaging of the low‐altitude target in the complex environment is not well studied yet. This study has developed an electromagnetic scattering model to illustrate the SAR characteristics of a low‐flying airplane target at the maritime scene. The results can reflect the influence of sea surface scattering and the multipath scattering effect very clear. The results can also help understanding the SAR characteristics of the low‐flying target at the practical maritime scene.
Three‐dimensional sparse recovery space‐time adaptive processing for airborne radar
Authors: Duan Keqing , Xu Hong , Yuan Huadong , Xie Wenchong , Wang Yongliang
Published: August 2019

Conventional 3‐dimensional (3D) space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) has achieved good performance for non‐stationary clutter suppression. However, the performance of 3D STAP rapidly degrades when applied to heterogeneous clutter environment due to the requirement of a large number of independent and identically distributed training samples to estimate the clutter covariance matrix. This study applies an efficient sparse recovery algorithm, i.e. multiple sparse Bayesian learning (MSBL), with tuning, to solve the limited sample problem of 3D STAP in airborne radar. Differing with the conventional 2D sparsity‐based STAP, the proposed method utilises the sparsity of clutter in elevation‐azimuth‐Doppler domain and recovers the 3D clutter spectrum. Whereas in its’ large computational load, a fast algorithm extending the relevance vector machine is also considered.
Nuclear angular momentum of early-type galaxies hosting nuclear star clusters
Authors: Lyubenova Mariya , Tsatsi Athanassia
Published: August 2019

Context. Nucleation is a common phenomenon in all types of galaxies and at least 70% of them host nuclear star clusters (NSCs) in their centres. Many of the NSCs co-habit with supermassive black holes and follow similar scaling relations with host galaxy properties. Unlike black holes, NSCs, preserve the signature of their evolutionary path imprinted onto their kinematics and stellar populations. Thus their study provides us with important information about the formation of galactic nuclei.

Aims. In this paper we explored the angular momentum of the nuclei of six intermediate mass (9.7 >  log(Mdyn/M⊙) > 10.6) early-type galaxies that host NSCs and are located in the Fornax cluster. Our goal was to derive a link between the nuclear angular momentum and the proposed formation scenarios of NSCs.

Methods. We used adaptive optics assisted IFU observations with VLT/SINFONI to derive the spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the galaxy nuclei. We measured their specific stellar angular momenta λRe, and compared these with Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) and N-body simulations of NSC formation.

Results. We found that all studied nuclei exhibit varied stellar kinematics. Their λRe and ellipticities are similar to Milky Way GCs. Five out of six galaxy nuclei are consistent with the λRe − ϵe of simulated NSCs embedded in a contaminating nuclear bulge that have formed via the in-spiralling and merging of GCs.

Conclusion. It has previously been suggested that the NSCs in higher mass galaxies, such as those studied in this paper, form via dissipational sinking of gas onto the galactic nuclei with hints that some might also involve the merger of GCs. In this work we show that we cannot exclude the pure GC merging scenario as a viable path for the formation of NSCs.
Complex molecular gas kinematics in the inner 5 kpc of 4C12.50 as seen by ALMA
Authors: Fotopoulou C. M. , Dasyra K. M. , Combes F. , Salomé P. , Papachristou M.
Published: August 2019

The nearby system 4C12.50, also known as IRAS 13451+1217 and PKS 1345+12, is a merger of gas-rich galaxies with infrared and radio activity. It has a perturbed interstellar medium (ISM) and a dense configuration of gas and dust around the nucleus. The radio emission at small (∼100 pc) and large (∼100 kpc) scales, as well as the large X-ray cavity in which the system is embedded, are indicative of a jet that could have affected the ISM. We carried out observations of the CO(1−0), (3−2), and (4−3) lines with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to determine basic properties (i.e., extent, mass, and excitation) of the cold molecular gas in this system, including its already-known wind. The CO emission reveals the presence of gaseous streams related to the merger, which result in a small (∼4 kpc-wide) disk around the western nucleus. The disk reaches a rotational velocity of 200 km s−1, and has a mass of 3.8(±0.4) × 109 M⊙. It is truncated at a gaseous ridge north of the nucleus that is bright in [O III]. Regions with high-velocity CO emission are seen at signal-to-noise ratios of between 3 and 5 along filaments that radially extend from the nucleus to the ridge and that are bright in [O III] and stellar emission. A tentative wind detection is also reported in the nucleus and in the disk. The molecular gas speed could be as high as 2200 km s−1 and the total wind mass could be as high as 1.5(±0.1) × 109 M⊙. Energetically, it is possible that the jet, assisted by the radiation pressure of the active nucleus or the stars, accelerated clouds inside an expanding bubble.
Dust properties and star formation of approximately a thousand local galaxies
Authors: Lianou S. , Barmby P. , Mosenkov A. A. , Lehnert M. , Karczewski O.
Published: August 2019

Aims. We derived the dust properties for 753 local galaxies and examine how these relate to some of their physical properties. We present the derived dust emission properties, including model spectral energy distribution (SEDs), star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses, as well as their relations.

Methods. We modelled the global dust-SEDs for 753 galaxies, treated statistically as an ensemble within a hierarchical Bayesian dust-SED modelling approach, so as to derive their infrared (IR) emission properties. To create the observed dust-SEDs, we used a multi-wavelength set of observations, ranging from near-IR to far-IR-to-submillimeter wavelengths. The model-derived properties are the dust masses (Mdust), the average interstellar radiation field intensities (Uav), the mass fraction of very small dust grains (“QPAH” fraction), as well as their standard deviations. In addition, we used mid-IR observations to derive SFR and stellar masses, quantities independent of the dust-SED modelling.

Results. We derive distribution functions of the properties for the galaxy ensemble and as a function of galaxy type. The mean value of Mdust for the early-type galaxies (ETGs) is lower than that for the late-type and irregular galaxies (LTGs and Irs, respectively), despite ETGs and LTGs having stellar masses spanning across the whole range observed. The Uav and “QPAH” fraction show no difference among different galaxy types. When fixing Uav to the Galactic value, the derived “QPAH” fraction varies across the Galactic value (0.071). The specific SFR increases with galaxy type, while this is not the case for the dust-specific SFR (SFR/Mdust), showing an almost constant star formation efficiency per galaxy type. The galaxy sample is characterised by a tight relationship between the dust mass and the stellar mass for the LTGs and Irs, while ETGs scatter around this relation and tend towards smaller dust masses. While the relation indicates that Mdust may fundamentally be linked to M⋆, metallicity and Uav are the second parameter driving the scatter, which we investigate in a forthcoming work. We used the extended Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) law to estimate the gas mass and the gas-to-dust mass ratio (GDR). The gas mass derived from the extended KS law is on average ∼20% higher than that derived from the KS law, and a large standard deviation indicates the importance of the average star formation present to regulate star formation and gas supply. The average GDR for the LTGs and Irs is 370, and including the ETGs gives an average of 550.
Modelling depletion by re-accretion of gas from a dusty disc in post-AGB stars
Authors: Oomen Glenn-Michael , Van Winckel Hans , Pols Onno , Nelemans Gijs
Published: August 2019

Many disc-type post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars are chemically peculiar, showing underabundances of refractory elements in their photospheres that correlate with condensation temperature. The aim of this paper is to investigate how accretion from a circumbinary disc can cause this phenomenon of depletion and how this impacts the evolution of post-AGB stars. We used the MESA code to evolve stars in the post-AGB phase, while including accretion of metal-poor gas. We compared the models to a sample of 58 observed disc-type post-AGB stars with chemical abundance data. For each of these stars, we estimated the luminosity and the mass using the Gaia distance. We modelled the accretion rate onto the binary from a viscously evolving disc for a range of initial accretion rates and disc masses. We find that large initial accretion rates (≳3  ×  10−7 M⊙ yr−1) and large initial disc masses (∼10−2 M⊙) are needed to reproduce the observed depleted post-AGB stars. Based on these high accretion rates, the evolution timescale of post-AGB stars can be significantly extended by a factor between two and five. We distinguish depletion patterns that are unsaturated (plateau profile) from those that are saturated, and we expect that post-red giant branch (post-RGB) stars are much more likely to show an unsaturated abundance pattern compared to post-AGB stars. Finally, because of the slower evolution of the low-mass post-RGB stars, we find that these systems can become depleted at lower effective temperatures (<5000 K). We conclude that accretion from a circumbinary disc successfully accounts for the chemical peculiarity of post-AGB stars.
Horizontal branch morphology: A new photometric parametrization
Authors: Torelli M. , Iannicola G. , Stetson P. B. , Ferraro I. , Bono G. , Salaris M. , Castellani M. , Dall’Ora M. , Fontana A. , Monelli M. , Pietrinferni A.
Published: August 2019

Context. Theory and observations indicate that the distribution of stars along the horizontal branch of Galactic globular clusters mainly depends on the metal content. However, the existence of globular clusters with similar metal content and absolute age but different horizontal branch morphologies, suggests the presence of another parameter affecting the star distribution along the branch.

Aims. To investigate the variation of the horizontal branch morphology in Galactic globular clusters, we define a new photometric horizontal branch morphology index, overcoming some of the limitations and degeneracies affecting similar indices available in the literature.

Methods. We took advantage of a sample of 64 Galactic globular clusters, with both space-based imaging data (Advanced Camera for Surveys survey of Galactic globular clusters) and homogeneous ground-based photometric catalogues in five different bands (U, B, V, R, I). The new index, τHB, is defined as the ratio between the areas subtended by the cumulative number distribution in magnitude (I) and in colour (V − I) of all stars along the horizontal branch.

Results. This new index shows a linear trend over the entire range in metallicity (−2.35 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −0.12) covered by our Galactic globular cluster sample. We found a linear relation between τHB and absolute cluster ages. We also found a quadratic anti-correlation with [Fe/H], becoming linear when we eliminate the age effect on τHB values. Moreover, we identified a subsample of eight clusters that are peculiar according to their τHB values. These clusters have bluer horizontal branch morphology when compared to typical ones of similar metallicity. These findings allow us to define them as the ’second parameter’ clusters in the sample. A comparison with synthetic horizontal branch models suggests that they cannot be entirely explained with a spread in helium content.
Induction and rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks in the
lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients after radium-223 treatment as assessed
by the γH2AX foci assay
Authors: Runge Roswitha , Oehme Liane , Grosche-Schlee Sabine , Braune Anja , Freudenberg Robert , Kotzerke Jörg
Published: August 2019

Aim The aim of this study is to assess if the number of radiation-induced
double strand breaks (DSB) in lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients is
affected after repeated Ra-223 therapies. In addition, we investigated the
repair of ex vivo induced DSB to investigate the repair proficiency in patient’s
lymphocytes over the therapy course.

Methods Before each of six therapy cycles, blood samples were obtained
from seventeen patients. After separation of lymphocytes, the cells were
subjected to immunofluorescence staining for detection of DSB-marking γH2AX
foci. The number of foci per cell per patient sample was determined for each
cycle (X1-X6, baseline foci per cell). Additionally, appropriate samples were
exposed ex vivo to an X-ray dose of 1 Gy. The number of γH2AX foci per cell were
analyzed after 0.5 h, 2 h and 24 h of recovery.

Results Patient-specific linear regression of the baseline foci per cell
over the therapy cycles revealed no significant slopes in the regression lines.
Likewise, the mean baseline foci per cell of all patients for cycles X2-X6 was
not significantly elevated in comparison to the pre-therapeutic value (X1). The
differences between the percentages of residual DSB and cycles were not
significant, both at 2 h and 24 h repair time. Consideration of the X6/X1 ratios
of both the number of lymphocytes and the amount of residual damage at 24 h
indicated a significant correlation.

Conclusion Our findings indicate that the number of γH2AX foci per cell
was not changed in dependence on the Ra-223 therapy cycles. The ability of
patient’s lymphocytes to repair ex vivo induced DSB remained unaffected
throughout the entire therapy course.
Prognostic Value of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Postoperative Morbidity following Mitral Valve Surgery in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Putra Teuku Muhammad Haykal , Sukmawan Renan , Elen Elen , Atmadikoesoemah Celly A. , Desandri Dwita Rian , Kasim Manoefris
Published: August 2019

Myocardial fibrosis in rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is caused by chronic inflammatory process. Its occurrence may lead to hemodynamic problems, especially after cardiac surgery. Myocardial fibrosis predicts worse morbidity after cardiac surgery, notably in coronary heart disease and aortic valve abnormalities. However, this issue has not been explored yet among patients with rheumatic MS.

The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic impact of myocardial fibrosis to postoperative morbidity after mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic MS.

This is a prospectively enrolled observational study of 47 consecutive rheumatic MS patients. All patients had preoperative evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) protocol for left ventricular myocardial fibrosis assessment prior to mitral valve surgery. All patients were followed during hospitalization period. Postoperative morbidities were defined as stroke, renal failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

This study involved 33 women (70.2%) and 14 men (29.8%) with a mean age of 46 ± 10 years. Preoperative myocardial fibrosis was identified in 43 patients (91.5%). Estimated fibrosis volume ranged from 0% to 12.8% (median 2.8%). Postoperative morbidities occurred in 11 patients (23.4%). Significant mean difference of myocardial fibrosis volume was observed between patients with and without morbidity after mitral valve surgery (5.97 ± 4.16% and 3.12 ± 2.62%, p = 0.04). This significant association was allegedly influenced by different postoperative hemodynamic changes between the two groups.

More extensive myocardial fibrosis is associated with postoperative morbiditiy after mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic MS.
Transport of a quantum particle in a time-dependent white-noise potential
Authors: Hislop Peter D. , Kirkpatrick Kay , Olla Stefano , Schenker Jeffrey
Published: August 2019

We show that a quantum particle in Rd, for d ⩾ 1, subject to a white-noise potential, moves superballistically in the sense that the mean square displacement ∫∥x∥2⟨ρ(x, x, t)⟩dx grows like t3 in any dimension. The white-noise potential is Gaussian distributed with an arbitrary spatial correlation function and a delta correlation function in time. Similar results were established in one dimension by Jayannavar and Kumar [Phys. Rev. Lett. 48(8), 553–556 (1982)], and for any dimension using different methods by Fischer et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(12), 1578–1581 (1994)]. We also prove that for the same white-noise potential model on the lattice Zd, for d ⩾ 1, the mean square displacement is diffusive growing like t1. This behavior on the lattice is consistent with the diffusive behavior observed for similar models on the lattice Zd with a time-dependent Markovian potential by Kang and Schenker [J. Stat. Phys. 134, 1005–1022 (2009)].
Extreme brightness laser-based neutron pulses as a pathway for investigating nucleosynthesis in the laboratory
Authors: Chen S. N. , Negoita F. , Spohr K. , d’Humières E. , Pomerantz I. , Fuchs J.
Published: August 2019

With the much-anticipated multi-petawatt (PW) laser facilities that are coming online, neutron sources with extreme fluxes could soon be in reach. Such sources would rely on spallation by protons accelerated by the high-intensity lasers. These high neutron fluxes would make possible not only direct measurements of neutron capture and β-decay rates related to the r-process of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, but also such nuclear measurements in a hot plasma environment, which would be beneficial for s-process investigations in astrophysically relevant conditions. This could, in turn, finally allow possible reconciliation of the observed element abundances in stars and those derived from simulations, which at present show large discrepancies. Here, we review a possible pathway to reach unprecedented neutron fluxes using multi-PW lasers, as well as strategies to perform measurements to investigate the r- and s-processes of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in cold matter, as well as in a hot plasma environment.
Incomplete inverse spectral problems for Dirac-Bessel operators
Authors: Liu Yu , Shi Guoliang , Yan Jun
Published: August 2019

We investigate the incomplete inverse spectral problems for Dirac-Bessel operators defined on 0,1. We show that when the potential is known on the subinterval a,1⊆0,1, the potential on the whole interval can be uniquely determined in terms of appropriate partial information on the spectral data including eigenvalues and norming constants. Moreover, these results can be applied to solve the incomplete inverse spectral problems for a class of Bessel operators.
Multirotor wind turbine wakes
Authors: Bastankhah Majid , Abkar Mahdi
Published: August 2019

To fulfill the increasing need for large power generation by wind turbines, the concept of multirotor wind turbines has recently received attention as a promising alternative to conventional massive single-rotor wind turbines. To shed light on the viability of this concept, large-eddy simulation is employed in this study to compare wake flow properties of a multirotor wind turbine with those of a single-rotor turbine. The wake of a multirotor turbine is found to recover faster at short downwind distances, where the whole wake is characterized as an array of localized high velocity-deficit regions associated with each rotor. However, as the wake moves downstream, rotor wakes start interacting with each other until they eventually form a single wake. This transition from a wake array to a single wake adversely affects the initial fast recovery of multirotor turbine wakes. A budget analysis of mean kinetic energy is performed to analyze the energy transport into the wake before and after this transition. In addition, the effect of different geometrical configurations on wake characteristics of a multirotor turbine was examined. We found that the recovery rate of multirotor turbine wakes is enhanced by the increase in rotor spacing, whereas the number and rotation direction of rotors do not play a significant role in the wake recovery. A simple analytical relationship is also developed to predict the streamwise distance at which the transition from a wake array to a single wake occurs for multirotor wind turbines.
Magnetic and electrical transport signatures of uncompensated moments in epitaxial thin films of the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ir
Authors: Taylor James M. , Lesne Edouard , Markou Anastasios , Dejene Fasil Kidane , Sivakumar Pranava Keerthi , Pöllath Simon , Rana Kumari Gaurav , Kumar Neeraj , Luo Chen , Ryll Hanjo , Radu Florin , Kronast Florian , Werner Peter , Back Christian H. , Felser Claudia , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: August 2019

Noncollinear antiferromagnets, with either an L12 cubic crystal lattice (e.g., Mn3Ir and Mn3Pt) or a D019 hexagonal structure (e.g., Mn3Sn and Mn3Ge), exhibit a number of phenomena of interest to topological spintronics. Among the cubic systems, for example, tetragonally distorted Mn3Pt exhibits an intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (AHE). However, Mn3Pt only enters a noncollinear magnetic phase close to the stoichiometric composition and at suitably large thicknesses. Therefore, we turn our attention to Mn3Ir, the material of choice for use in exchange bias heterostructures. In this letter, we investigate the magnetic and electrical transport properties of epitaxially grown, face-centered-cubic γ-Mn3Ir thin films with (111) crystal orientation. Relaxed films of 10 nm thickness exhibit an ordinary Hall effect, with a hole-type carrier concentration of (1.500 ± 0.002) × 1023 cm−3. On the other hand, TEM characterization demonstrates that ultrathin 3 nm films grow with significant in-plane tensile strain. This may explain a small net magnetic moment, observed at low temperatures, shown by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy to arise from uncompensated Mn spins. Being of the order of 0.02 μB/atom, this dominates electrical transport behavior, leading to a small AHE and negative magnetoresistance. These results are discussed in terms of crystal microstructure and chiral domain behavior, with spatially resolved XML(C)D-PEEM supporting the conclusion that small antiferromagnetic domains, <20 nm in size, with differing chirality account for the absence of observed Berry curvature driven magnetotransport effects.
Epitaxial growth and interface band alignment studies of all oxide α-Cr2O3/β-Ga2O3 p-n heterojunction
Authors: Ghosh Sahadeb , Baral Madhusmita , Kamparath Rajiv , Choudhary R. J. , Phase D. M. , Singh S. D. , Ganguli Tapas
Published: August 2019

Epitaxial growth of α-Cr2O3(p-type) on c-Al2O3 and β-Ga2O3 (n-type) on α-Cr2O3(p-type) has been carried out to make an all oxide epitaxial n-type β-Ga2O3/p-type α-Cr2O3 heterojunction using RF sputtering. A valence band offset of 3.38 ± 0.2 eV at the heterojunction is determined using Kraut's method. From the bandgap measurements of α-Cr2O3 and β-Ga2O3, the conduction band offset of 1.68 ± 0.2 eV at the heterojunction is obtained. Thus, the band alignment at this heterojunction is found to be staggered (Type-II), which leads to the confinement of electrons and holes in the β-Ga2O3 layer and α-Cr2O3 layer, respectively. Our results provide a pathway to design all oxide optoelectronic devices based on a p-n heterojunction consisting of n-type β-Ga2O3 and p-type α-Cr2O3.
Molecular dynamics of nanodroplet impact: The effect of particle resolution in the projectile model
Authors: Villanueva-Bonay Efrén , Gamero-Castaño Manuel
Published: August 2019

The energetic impact of projectiles with diameters between a few nanometers and microns can now be investigated with electrospays operating in the cone-jet mode, a particle source that produces beams of highly charged and monodisperse droplets with average diameters down to a few nanometers. The hypervelocity impact of these nanodroplets on ceramic targets cause sputtering, amorphization and cratering. This experimental phenomenology has been reproduced with molecular dynamics modeling the molecules of the projectile as large pseudo atoms. This model can be over simplistic, especially for liquids made of large molecules, and the goal of this article is to evaluate this uncertainty by comparing the impacts resulting from this coarse model with those of a full atomic model of the molecules. Impact simulations for projectiles of two liquids with dissimilar molecular complexity, formamide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoro-methylsulfonyl) imide, show that sufficient resolution of the projectile is needed to reproduce the impact zone, which has a depth of the order of the diameter of the projectile.
Molecular interactions and the viscoelasticity of micellar aggregates
Authors: Walker Franziska , Isabettini Stephane , Kuster Simon , Fischer Peter , Lutz-Bueno Viviane
Published: August 2019

Intermolecular interactions are responsible for the macroscopic properties of materials. Self-assembled micelles of ionic surfactants in the presence of salt are a result of the balance between hydrophobic-hydrophilic and ionic forces. For example, sodium salicylate (NaSal) undoubtedly offers a powerful means of increasing the viscoelasticity of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions by orders of magnitude, which results from the formation of wormlike micelles (WLMs). The efficiency of this additive relies on its ability to integrate and alter the repulsive interactions governing CTAB micelles. Consequently, small modifications in the molecular structure of NaSal influences the nature of these interactions. Nevertheless, the full potential of formulation for tailoring the system’s viscoelasticity has yet to be unleashed. Herein, we investigate a series of structurally similar molecules varying in terms of geometry and size. The depth and molecular orientation of their insertion into the micellar core were monitored by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and correlated with the corresponding viscoelastic response. After detailed observation of the impact of molecular interactions on zero-shear viscosity η0, we discuss it in terms of the effective packing parameter (PPeff). All the investigated additives increased PPeff, triggering anisotropic micellar growth toward WLMs. The simplicity of our approach is attractive for predicting and controlling the viscoelastic properties of WLM solutions from an intermolecular level.
On energy efficiency of an X-band moderately relativistic microwave generator of twistron type
Authors: Totmeninov E. M. , Pegel I. V. , Klimov A. I. , Tarakanov V. P.
Published: August 2019

A quasistationary generation mode was experimentally implemented in a moderately relativistic microwave generator of twistron type with an efficiency of energy conversion from the driving electron beam to electromagnetic radiation of 29 ± 7%. With a guiding magnetic field of 1.9 T, an accelerating voltage of 210 kV, and an electron beam current of 1.5 kA (50 ns pulse duration), the microwave power was 156 ± 34 MW corresponding to the power conversion efficiency of 50 ± 12%. The width of 10.62 GHz microwave pulses was 26 ns, with no visual microwave pulse shortening. In a numerical simulation using the KARAT code, the potential influence of a collector plasma on the oscillator operation has been studied.
Velocity echoes in water
Authors: Hamm Peter
Published: August 2019

A three-point velocity correlation function ⟨v(t1 + t2)v2(t1)v(0)⟩ is introduced for a better understanding of the recent 2D-Raman-THz spectroscopy of the intermolecular degrees of freedoms of water and aqueous salt solutions. This correlation function reveals echoes in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, which are coined “velocity echoes.” In analogy to the well-known two-point velocity correlation function ⟨v(t)v(0)⟩, it reflects the density of states (DOS) of the system under study without having to amend them with transition dipoles and transition polarizabilities. The correlation function can be calculated from equilibrium trajectories and converges extremely quickly. After deriving the theory, the information content of the three-point velocity correlation function is first tested based on a simple harmonic oscillator model with Langevin dynamics. Subsequently, velocity echoes of TIP4P/2005 water are calculated as a function of temperature, covering ambient conditions, the supercooled regime and amorphous ice, as well as upon addition of various salts. The experimentally observed trends can be reproduced qualitatively with the help of computationally very inexpensive molecular dynamics simulations.
DNA-based approaches uncover cryptic diversity in the European Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
Authors: Zhang Bing , Chen Ting-Wen , Mateos Eduardo , Scheu Stefan , Schaefer Ina
Published: August 2019

DNA sequence data and phylogenies are useful tools for species delimitation, especially in taxa comprising cryptic species. The Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae) comprises three morphospecies and distinct cryptic species. We applied three DNA-based methods to delimit species boundaries in the L. lanuginosus species group across central and southern Europe. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II, we identified gaps of genetic distances that indicate species boundaries and found 10 and 9 distinct genetic lineages in L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus, respectively. The nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α delimited 89% of the lineages but 28S rDNA (D1–2 domain) was too conserved for this purpose. The phylogenetic trees showed that L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus are polyphyletic, suggesting that body colour is insufficient for delimiting species in the L. lanuginosus species group. Our study challenges the current morphology-based species delimitation in the L. lanuginosus species group and suggests that molecular approaches are needed for fast and accurate determination of Collembola species in both taxonomic and ecological studies. Overall, the results suggest that wide geographic sampling combined with molecular phylogenetic approaches is needed to delimit species and to understand the full range of cryptic diversity in Collembola.
Isotopic evidence of connectivity between an inshore vegetated lagoon (nursery habitat) and coastal artificial reefs (adult habitats) for the reef fish Lethrinus lentjan on the Terengganu coast, Malaysia
Authors: Le Dung Quang , Fui Siau Yin , Piah Rumeaida Mat , Ishimura Toyoho , Sano Yuji , Tanaka Kentaro , Shirai Kotaro
Published: August 2019

Stable isotope analyses of muscle tissue (δ13Cmuscle and δ15Nmuscle) and otoliths (δ13Cotolith and δ18Ootolith) were used to retrospectively track habitat uses of Lethrinus lentjan, and to determine any association between Setiu Lagoon (nursery habitat) and coastal artificial reefs (CARs; adult habitats) on the Terengganu coast, Malaysia. Muscle stable isotopes exhibited a spatial change from inshore to offshore habitats associated with growth, possibly related to the reef-ward movement of the fish. Otolith stable isotopes of adult fish from CARs were measured in juvenile (from outside the core to the first opaque zone of otolith) and adult (the edge of otolith) portions and were compared with those of juveniles from Setiu Lagoon, suggesting that the adult fish may not primarily use the lagoon as a nursery before ontogenetically migrating to CARs. The effects of coastal currents between monsoonal seasons could reorientate offshore juvenile migration; hence, adult cohorts in CARs may be replenished from various nursery habitats along the coast. Additionally, similarities in the δ18Ootolith values of juvenile and adult sections suggested that some individuals may not spend their juvenile phases in shallow estuarine habitats. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that coastal conservation strategies take into account multiple nursery habitats rather than a single one.
Speaking the same language: can the sustainable development goals translate the needs of inland fisheries into irrigation decisions?
Authors: Lynch Abigail J. , Baumgartner Lee J. , Boys Craig A. , Conallin John , Cowx Ian G. , Finlayson C. Max , Franklin Paul A. , Hogan Zeb , Koehn John D. , McCartney Matthew P. , O'Brien Gordon , Phouthavong Kaviphone , Silva Luiz G. M. , Tob Chann Aun , Valbo-Jørgensen John , Vu An Vi , Whiting Louise , Wibowo Arif , Duncan Phil
Published: August 2019

Irrigated agriculture and inland fisheries both make important contributions to food security, nutrition, livelihoods and wellbeing. Typically, in modern irrigation systems, these components operate independently. Some practices, commonly associated with water use and intensification of crop production can be in direct conflict with and have adverse effects on fisheries. Food security objectives may be compromised if fish are not considered in the design phases of irrigation systems. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a framework that can serve as a backdrop to help integrate both sectors in policy discussions and optimise their contributions to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Inland fisheries systems do play an important role in supporting many SDG objectives, but these contributions can sometimes be at odds with irrigated agriculture. Using case studies of two globally important river catchments, namely the Lower Mekong and Murray–Darling basins, we highlight the conflicts and opportunities for improved outcomes between irrigated agriculture and inland fisheries. We explore SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) as a path to advance our irrigation systems as a means to benefit both agriculture and inland fisheries, preserving biodiversity and enhancing the economic, environmental and social benefits they both provide to people.2