bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proliferative Capacity and Phenotypical Alteration of Multipotent Ecto-Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Cultured in Xenogeneic and Allogeneic Media
Authors: Suchánek Jakub , Suchánková Kleplová T. , Řeháček V. , Browne K. Z. , Soukup T.
Published: April 2024

Foetal calf serum (FCS) is a standard supplement used in media for in vitro stem cell cultivation. This xenogeneic supplement remains widely used for its favourable growth-promoting properties and ease of accessibility; however, it is inherently not fit for human medicine due to its capacity to temper with the cultured cell quality. For this reason, the international community encourages research and development of allogeneic sera, which would expunge this issue. This study aims to investigate the differences in proliferative capacity, phenotype, and differentiation capacity of ecto-mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in vitro in media supplemented with allogeneic and xenogeneic sera. To address these aims, we cultured three lineages of stem cells in media supplemented with FCS in a concentration of 2% + growth factors; human blood plasma and platelet-rich plasma in concentrations of 2% + growth factors, and 10%. Here, the xenogeneic cultivation was considered as a basis for comparison because this serum is commonly used in studies concerning ecto-mesenchymal stem cells. The study shows that multipotent ecto-mesenchymal SHED can be feasibly cultivated in media where the xenogeneic FCS is substituted by allogeneic platelet-rich plasma, considering the cultured cell proliferative and differentiation capacities. We have also proved that different sera impact the cultured cells’ phenotype differently, which has major implications for previous and future stem cell research and regenerative therapy.
Pig Brain Mitochondria as a Biological Model for Study of Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Fišar Zdeněk , Hroudová J.
Published: April 2024

Oxidative phosphorylation is a key process of intracellular energy transfer by which mitochondria produce ATP. Isolated mitochondria serve as a biological model for understanding the mitochondrial respiration control, effects of various biologically active substances, and pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate pig brain mitochondria as a proper biological model for investigation of activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Oxygen consumption rates of isolated pig brain mitochondria were measured using high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial respiration of crude mitochondrial fraction, mitochondria purified in sucrose gradient, and mitochondria purified in Percoll gradient were assayed as a function of storage time. Oxygen flux and various mitochondrial respiratory control ratios were not changed within two days of mitochondria storage on ice. Leak respiration was found higher and Complex I-linked respiration lower in purified mitochondria compared to the crude mitochondrial fraction. Damage to both outer and inner mitochondrial membrane caused by the isolation procedure was the greatest after purification in a sucrose gradient. We confirmed that pig brain mitochondria can serve as a biological model for investigation of mitochondrial respiration. The advantage of this biological model is the stability of respiratory parameters for more than 48 h and the possibility to isolate large amounts of mitochondria from specific brain areas without the need to kill laboratory animals. We suggest the use of high-resolution respirometry of pig brain mitochondria for research of the neuroprotective effects and/or mitochondrial toxicity of new medical drugs.
Impact of Induced Th1/Th2 Shift on Trichobilharzia regenti Infection in Mice
Authors: Chanová Marta , Hrdý J.
Published: April 2024

Bird schistosomes parasitize mammals as non-specific hosts. Neurotropic Trichobilharzia regenti migrates extravasally via nervous tissue in experimentally infected mice. The majority of successfully penetrated larvae remain in the skin; the rest migrate through peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain. The potential of schistosomula to leave the skin and enter the central nervous system vary, and may be associated with Th1/Th2 polarization of the host cell immune response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of induced shift in polarization of cell immune response on the migration of T. regenti larvae in mammals. For this purpose, non-specifically immunomodulated mice were infected. The localization and abundance of schistosomula and associated histopathological changes were followed using routine histological techniques. Markers characterizing Th1 and Th2 systemic immune responses were followed using flow cytometry. The study revealed that the shift towards Th1 response at the time of infection correlates with the speed and intensity of schistosomula migration towards the brain and with the severity of accompanying pathologies. This indicates increased health risks associated with T. regenti infection for mammals (potentially including human) with previously modulated cell immune response that may occur under natural conditions, e.g. due to the exposure to another infectious agent.
Nutrient management through organic amendments to ensure sustainable and economic cultivation of radish
Authors: Suman Shekhar , Singh Shailesh Kumar , Bhati Dashrath
Published: April 2024

Radish cultivation heavily relies on fertilizers, adversely affecting soil health. Shifting to organic practices is crucial for sustainability. This study explores combinations of organic amendments (farmyard manure, vermicompost, and poultry manure) to enhance radish growth and yield economically. Ten treatments were tested using a Randomized Block Design. One-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. The combination of 50% vermicompost and 50% poultry manure yielded the best results in plant height, leaf growth, fresh and dry weights, and root size. The highest yield (280 q/ha) was achieved with this combination, followed closely by 75% vermicompost and 25% poultry manure (245 q/ha), and 50% farmyard manure with 50% poultry manure (228 q/ha). This combination also proved the most economically and environmentally sustainable, with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.48. Compared to the control, it delivered a gross return 2.44 times higher and a net return 2.85 times higher. Incorporating poultry manure and vermicompost as nutrient sources in radish cultivation is a scientifically sound and economically viable approach, contributing to sustainable agriculture and aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Marker assisted breeding of Sub1 introgressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines and identification of stable variety MTU 1232 suitable for flood prone ecosystem
Authors: Merugumala Girija Rani , P. V Satyanarayana , P Venkata Ramana Rao , Y Suryanarayana , N. K Singh , K Kondayya , T Kasturi , B.N.V.S.R Ravi Kumar , N Chamundeswari , T Srinivas , Y Suneetha
Published: April 2024

The Development of flood-tolerant rice varieties is a prerequisite for climate resilience in flood-prone areas. The present study aimed to develop a stable, high, yielding, and tolerant rice variety against flash floods and stagnant flooding across multiple environments. Sub1A was incorporated into a popular rice variety MTU 1075 using Swarna-sub1 as a donor to generate BC3F5 families. Sub1BC2 was used as a foreground marker for selection, a proxy for the Sub1A gene. RM23865 and RM464 on Chromosome 9 were used as recombinant markers. Backcross families from the BC3F2 generation were evaluated under two weeks of flash floods 15 days after transplanting. This was followed by stagnant flooding and survived BC3F4 families were used for background selection using a 50K high-density SNP chip. The nine best families identified were included in the field trial evaluation under eight environments. Consequently, MTU Rice 1232 was identified as a high-yielding, flood-tolerant rice variety using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction stability analysis. The MTU Rice 1232 ranked first by the Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) based ranking parameters and 4th based on stability parameters ranking. This flood-tolerant rice variety can tolerate both flash floods and stagnant flooding and possesses an 80% survival rate. It has a yield potential of 3792 Kg ha-1 under severe floods and 6000 Kg ha-1 under normal conditions.
The Impact of LRRK2 G2019S on Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Phenotype and Treatment in Tunisian Patients
Authors: Barreh Guedi Ali , Sghaier Ikram , Abida Youssef , Gharbi Alya , Nasri Amina , Mrabet Saloua , Souissi Amira , Djebara Mouna Ben , Trabelsi Sameh , Kacem Imen , Gargouri-Berrechid Amina , Gouider Riadh
Published: April 2024

Objective LRRK2-G2019S is the most frequent mutation in North African Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Data on its impact on disease progression and treatment response remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the clinical features, treatments, and complications of PD in Tunisian patients according to their LRRK2-G2019S profile.Methods This longitudinal retrospective study was performed in the Department of Neurology, Razi University Hospital. We included clinically diagnosed PD patients according to the Movement Disorders Society criteria and reviewed their medical records for clinical, treatment, and neuropsychological assessments. All patients were screened for the LRRK2-G2019S mutation using Sanger sequencing. The correlation between LRRK2-G2019S and clinical PD features was evaluated.Results We included 393 PD patients, 41.5% of whom had LRRK2-G2019S mutations. Patients with mutations were younger (p = 0.017), and female PD patients had a greater mutation frequency (p = 0.008). Mutation carriers exhibited distinct clinical features, with a greater frequency of postural instability gait difficulty forms (adjusted-p < 0.001). During disease progression, carriers showed a faster annual progression in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Section III scores (adjusted-p = 0.009), and significantly higher levodopa equivalent dose values in later stages (1060.81 vs. 877.83 for 6-8 years). Motor complications, such as dyskinesia (adjusted-p < 0.001) and motor fluctuations (31.9% vs. 25.7%, adjusted-p < 0.001), were more prevalent in carriers, particularly in the later stages. LRRK2-G2019S carriers also exhibited a lower prevalence of non-motor symptoms, including episodic memory (adjusted-p < 0.001), attention (adjusted-p < 0.001), and dysexecutive disorders (adjusted-p = 0.038), as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms and dysautonomic signs.Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the variability of the clinical profile among Tunisian PD patients was explained by the incomplete penetrance of LRRK2-G2019S, which increased with age. Further studies using biomarker and disease progression data are necessary to improve PD management.
Tracing the Sons of Brión: The R1b-A259 Y-DNA Subclade and the Uí Briúin Dynasty of Connacht - Appendices
Authors: DePew Kyle , Gleeson Maurice , Jaski Bart
Published: April 2024

This study collated over 350 Y-DNA results (and associated surnames) from publicly available Y-DNA haplotrees and specific surname DNA projects, as well as Y-DNA results from two verified male-line descendants of a royal dynasty of Connacht. These Y-DNA data were then compared against Irish surname pedigrees and royal genealogies associated with the Uí Briúin. In so doing, we demonstrate that there is good evidence that A259 is the defining DNA marker of the Uí Briúin. Beneath A259, a branching substructure is apparent corresponding to some of the individual branches of this dynasty as described in the historical record. While the branches are related within the correct time-frame and some close surname associations are internally consistent, it appears that no extant genealogy correctly details the earliest generations which lived prior to and immediately after the arrival of literacy in Ireland in the fifth century. This may be the result of political rearrangement or incorrect transmission of oral histories. This study demonstrates the utility of using Y-DNA to highlight potential inconsistencies in the reported royal genealogies. Y-DNA continues to evolve as a useful additional tool for Irish clan research.

Kyle DePew, Maurice Gleeson and Bart Jaski, ‘Tracing the Sons of Brión. The R1b-A259 Y-DNA Subclade and the Uí Briúin Dynasty of Connacht’, Peritia, 34 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2023), 9–45
Characterization of the subdifferential and minimizers for the anisotropic p-capacity
Authors: Cabezas-Rivas Esther , Moll Salvador , Solera Marcos
Published: April 2024

We obtain existence of minimizers for the p-capacity functional defined with respect to a centrally symmetric anisotropy for

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

, including the case of a crystalline norm in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

. The result is obtained by a characterization of the corresponding subdifferential and it applies to unbounded domains of the form

ℝ
N

∖

Ω
¯

{\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus\overline{\Omega}}

under mild regularity assumptions (Lipschitz-continuous boundary) and no convexity requirements on the bounded domain Ω. If we further assume an interior ball condition (where the Wulff shape plays the role of a ball), then any minimizer is shown to be Lipschitz continuous.
Vein segmentation and visualization of upper and lower extremities using convolution neural network
Authors: Laddi Amit , Goyal Shivalika , Himani  , Savlania Ajay
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The study focused on developing a reliable real-time venous localization, identification, and visualization framework based upon deep learning (DL) self-parametrized Convolution Neural Network (CNN) algorithm for segmentation of the venous map for both lower and upper limb dataset acquired under unconstrained conditions using near-infrared (NIR) imaging setup, specifically to assist vascular surgeons during venipuncture, vascular surgeries, or Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) treatments.

Methods

A portable image acquisition setup has been designed to collect venous data (upper and lower extremities) from 72 subjects. A manually annotated image dataset was used to train and compare the performance of existing well-known CNN-based architectures such as ResNet and VGGNet with self-parameterized U-Net, improving automated vein segmentation and visualization.

Results

Experimental results indicated that self-parameterized U-Net performs better at segmenting the unconstrained dataset in comparison with conventional CNN feature-based learning models, with a Dice score of 0.58 and displaying 96.7 % accuracy for real-time vein visualization, making it appropriate to locate veins in real-time under unconstrained conditions.

Conclusions

Self-parameterized U-Net for vein segmentation and visualization has the potential to reduce risks associated with traditional venipuncture or CVD treatments by outperforming conventional CNN architectures, providing vascular assistance, and improving patient care and treatment outcomes.
Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Sorogy Abdelbaset S. , Al Khathlan Mohammed H.
Published: April 2024

The rise of emerging pollutants in the environment as a result of economic growth poses a worldwide challenge for the management of environmental and human health. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the agricultural soil of southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with these elements. Soil samples were collected from 31 farms, and the concentrations of As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Various contamination and health risk indices, along with multivariate analyses, were employed in the evaluation. The mean concentrations of PTEs (mg/kg) followed the order: Fe (15,556) > Zn (53.36) > Ni (21.78) > Cu (11.92) > Pb (10.42) > As (2.64). The average PTE concentrations were found to be lower than background levels and the world-soil average. Contamination indices indicated that the studied soil was moderately enriched and contaminated for As, slightly enriched for Zn and Ni, and not enriched for Cu and Pb. This suggests that the PTEs in the soil do not pose a significant threat, although some individual samples exhibited significant enrichment for Zn and Pb. Multivariate analyses suggested a geogenic source for the PTEs, with some contribution from anthropogenic factors for As, Zn, and Pb. The average hazard index values ranged from 0.000293 (Zn) to 0.030561 (Fe) for adults and from 0.002726541 (Zn) to 0.284670158 (Fe) for children, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area. Additionally, the Lifetime Cancer Risk values for adults and children ranged from 6.94 × 10−6 to 6.46 × 10−5 for As and from 7.13 × 10−8 to 6.65 × 10−7 for Pb, suggesting acceptable or tolerable carcinogenic risk and no significant health hazards.
Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition
Authors: Shafie Payam , DeChamplain Alain , Lepine Julien
Published: April 2024

Considering the challenges related to hydrogen storage and transportation which hinder its widespread adoption, ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free carrier for hydrogen due to several advantages such as simple inexpensive storage. But, due to some limitations related to net ammonia combustion, the suggestion is to store hydrogen in the form of ammonia and convert it into hydrogen-rich fuel before utilization in different applications like engines and turbines. Therefore, in this article, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen-rich fuel production via ammonia decomposition is conducted utilizing Aspen Plus V.12, to assess the impact of operating parameters on key criteria such as conversion rate (CR) and enthalpy of reaction, to establish the maximum level of efficiency of the process. The results show that at a specific temperature, the CR of ammonia decreases as the pressure rises so that the CR of more than 50% occurred at temperatures of 427 and 513 K for pressures of 1 and 10 bar, respectively. Moreover, the adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen-rich fuel is investigated so that increasing the molar percentage of hydrogen from 0 to 50 leads to an increase in the maximum adiabatic flame temperature from 2,079 to 2,216 K.
Сибирский текст В.П. Астафьева в «других» языках и культурах: переводоведческий этюд
Authors: Разумовская Вероника Адольфовна
Published: April 2024

Тексты сибирских писателей неразрывно связаны с русской культурой и отражают ее разнообразие. Традиционным источником информации о России для представителей «других» культур остаются тексты литературы, что является проявлением литературоцентризма. Произведения В.П. Астафьева обращены к культурным и духовным ценностям родной для него Сибири. В XXI в. они не утратили актуальности в России и продолжают пользоваться научным интересом и признанием у зарубежных читателей, которые знакомятся с творчеством автора-сибиряка в переводах. Исследование обращено к ряду вопросов истории, теории и практики создания переводов астафьевских текстов на иностранных языках.
Интертекстуальный ресурс русской классики XIX–XX вв. в романе Гузели Яхиной «Дети мои» (2018)
Authors: Богданова (Olga Alimovna Bogdanova) Ольга Алимовна
Published: April 2024

В статье выявляется и анализируется ряд значимых интертекстуальных связей в романе современной российской писательницы Г.Ш. Яхиной «Дети мои» (2018. Дети мои: Роман. М.: АСТ, Редакция Елены Шубиной), восходящих к русской классике XIX – первой половины XX в. Во-первых, акцентируются параллели с мотивикой, характерологией и деталями предметной изобразительности в творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского: герой Яхиной соотносится с Подпольным парадоксалистом, «мелкими чиновниками» Девушкиным и Прохарчиным, частично – с князем Мышкиным; отмечено сходство художественных деталей; перекликаются портретные характеристики персонажей. Во-вторых, исследованы интертекстуальные связи современного романа с классикой русской литературы первой половины XX в. в репрезентациях «усадебного топоса», причем рассмотрены его модификации, возникшие именно в указанный период («усадьба как Китеж» и «усадьба и лес»). В результате мотивного и характерологического сопоставления произведений А.П. Чехова, М.М. Пришвина, К.Г. Паустовского, С.Н. Дурылина, Л.М. Леонова, Б.Л. Пастернака и Г.Ш. Яхиной устанавливается сквозной, обобщающий характер указанных тем в русской литературе XX–XXI вв. Особо отмечается инновационный характер впервые поднятой темы «усадьба и лес».
Über einige Bedingungen gegenwärtiger ART (Artistic Research Theory)
Authors: Schwarzwälder Julius
Published: April 2024

Theories that treat Artistic Research (AR) as their object have been experiencing a boom since the beginning of the 21st century. Increased interest in AR resulted from a historical situation interconnecting at least three fields. First, the art world, which, starting in the 90s, produced AR as a phenomenon in the first place; second, higher education policy, which, in the implementation discussions concerning the Bologna reforms from the 90s onwards, drew on reflections on AR; and third, Germanophone aesthetics, which, during the 2000s, paid increased attention to heteronomy aesthetics. Within these fields, multiple factors are to be accounted for to understand both the sudden increase in pertinence as well as the concrete shape that these theories took in the Germanophone sphere.
Theorien des Nichtidentischen im Anschluss an Hegel und Adorno
Authors: Oswald Georg , Dimópulos Mariana
Published: April 2024

This paper reevaluates Adorno’s theory of non-identity following from a critical examination of his reading of Hegel. The main discussion revolves around two theses central to both philosophers: 1. Conceptual thinking forms the centre of philosophical thought (identification). 2. Philosophical thought aspires to become everything (totality). The analysis of two distinct interpretations, one stricter and one more moderate, demonstrates that Adorno takes the hardline view. With the moderate view, however, not only do the limits of Hegelian philosophy become more pronounced, they also reveal novel systematic connections with pivotal concepts inherent to Critical Theory – connections that have notably lacked substantial consideration within relevant research.
Capacity in Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with generalized smoothness
Authors: Karak Nijjwal , Mondal Debarati
Published: April 2024

We prove a lower bound estimate for capacities in Hajłasz–Besov, Hajłasz–Triebel–Lizorkin and Hajłasz–Sobolev spaces with generalized smoothness defined on metric spaces in terms of Netrusov–Hausdorff content or Hausdorff content. These results are improvements of the results obtained in [Z. Li, D. Yang and W. Yuan, Lebesgue points of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with generalized smoothness,
Mathematics 9 2021, 10.3390/math9212724].
New retarded nonlinear integral inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte type and their applications
Authors: Kale Nagesh
Published: April 2024

The goal of the present article is to offer several new retarded nonlinear inequalities of Gronwall, Bellman, and Pachpatte kind for a class of integral and integro-differential equations. These inequalities generalize and provide new formulations of some well-known results in the mathematical framework of integral and differential inequalities that have been derived currently as well as in earlier times. These results can be utilized to investigate diverse aspects, both qualitative and quantitative, of a class of aforementioned equations. We propose a few applications to ensure the effectiveness of these inequalities.
A novel framework for single-valued neutrosophic MADM and applications to English-blended teaching quality evaluation
Authors: Miao Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

In the context of “Internet plus,” college English-teaching resources are increasingly rich. Research has found that implementing a blended teaching model for college English based on the Super Star Learning Communication and Rain Classroom online teaching platform is beneficial for improving students’ enthusiasm and continuity in English learning. The English-blended teaching quality evaluation is a multiple attribute decision making (MADM). The single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is a useful tool to depict uncertain information during the English-blended teaching quality evaluation. In such an article, the single-valued neutrosophic number Aczel–Alsina power geometric (SVNNAAPG) operator is produced based on the Aczel–Alsina operations and classical power geometric operator under SVNSs. The SVNNAAPG operator is built for MADM. Eventually, an example about English-blended teaching quality evaluation and some selected comparative analysis was used to depict the SVNNAAPG technique.
Predicting DoS and DDoS attacks in network security scenarios using a hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Al-zubidi Azhar F. , Farhan Alaa Kadhim , Towfek Sayed M.
Published: April 2024

Network security faces increasing threats from denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The current solutions have not been able to predict and mitigate these threats with enough accuracy. A novel and effective solution for predicting DoS and DDoS attacks in network security scenarios is presented in this work by employing an effective model, called CNN-LSTM-XGBoost, which is an innovative hybrid approach designed for intrusion detection in network security. The system is applied and analyzed to three datasets: CICIDS-001, CIC-IDS2017, and CIC-IDS2018. We preprocess the data by removing null and duplicate data, handling imbalanced data, and selecting the most relevant features using correlation-based feature selection. The system is evaluated using accuracy, precision,F1 score, and recall. The system achieves a higher accuracy of 98.3% for CICIDS-001, 99.2% for CICIDS2017, and 99.3% for CIC-ID2018, compared to other existing algorithms. The system also reduces the overfitting of the model using the most important features. This study shows that the proposed system is an effective and efficient solution for network attack detection and classification.
Outcome of fetal congenital pulmonary malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sileo Filomena Giulia , Alameddine Sara , Iaccarino Daniela Anna , Di Mascio Daniele , Giuliani Giulia Andrea , Bertucci Emma , Khalil Asma , D’Antonio Francesco
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To report the outcome of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital lung malformation (CLM) diagnosed on ultrasound by performing a comprehensive assessment of these outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Content

CLMs are a heterogeneous group of anomalies that involve the lung parenchyma and its bronchovascular structures. Their presentation and evolution are variable, from entirely asymptomatic lesions with sonographic regression in utero to hydropic fetuses requiring fetal therapy, intrauterine death or neonatal morbidity. A systematic review was conducted in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases including studies on fetuses with CLM diagnosed prenatally in order to report the in-utero natural history of these lesions. Thirty-nine studies (2,638 fetuses) were included in the final review.

Regression/reduction in size of the lung lesion during pregnancy was reported in 31 % of cases, while its increase in 8.5 % of cases. Intra-uterine death complicated 1.5 % of pregnancies with fetal CLM, while neonatal and perinatal death were 2.2 and 3 %, respectively. Neonatal morbidity occurred in 20.6 % of newborns with CLM; 46 % had surgery, mainly elective. In fetuses with CLM and hydrops, fetal/perinatal loss occurred in 42 %. Assessment of the role of fetal therapy in improving the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by CLM was hampered by the small number of included cases and heterogeneity of type of interventions.

Outlook

Fetuses with CLM prenatally diagnosed have a generally favorable outcome. Conversely, there is a low quality of evidence on the actual role of fetal therapy in improving the outcome of fetuses presenting with these anomalies.
Ironía y humor en la creación y uso de siglas
Authors: Rodríguez González Félix
Published: April 2024

El objeto de este artículo es doble, por un lado examinar algunos de los recursos humorísticos empleados en el uso de siglas y acrónimos en español, sobre todo los que tienen como base la homonimia. Y en segundo lugar, se dedica atención preferente a la reinterpretación de las siglas, especialmente en relación con partidos políticos y entidades sociales varias, entre otros juegos verbales. Como material se ha utilizado principalmente la prensa periódica de las últimas décadas, sobre todo la de contenido crítico e intención satírica, así como algunas muestras de lenguaje oral de carácter coloquial.
Choice of a constant in the expression for the error of the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Bryzgalov Viktor , Shlimbetov Nurlibay , Voytishek Anton
Published: April 2024

This paper considers three approaches to choosing the constant H in the expression

H
⁢

𝐃
⁢
ζ

/

n

{H\sqrt{{\mathbf{D}}\zeta}/\sqrt{n}}

for the error of the Monte Carlo method for numerical calculation of mathematical expectation

𝐄
⁢
ζ

{{\mathbf{E}}\zeta}

of a random variable ζ: in probability, in mean square and in mean.In practical studies using the Monte Carlo method, when estimating the calculation error, it is recommended to use the “in mean” approach with the constant

H
=

2
π

=

0.79788456079
⁢
…

{H=\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}}=0.79788456079\dots}

  .
Crystal structure of (3R)-1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate chloride, C21H23ClN2O4
Authors: Tong Hongjuan , Xu Xiaona , Zhu Zhoujing , Liu Bin
Published: April 2024

C21H23ClN2O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.9270(4) Å, b = 8.0274(3) Å, c = 12.9691(6) Å, β = 114.914(1)°, V = 1031.73(7) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0362 wRref
(F
2) = 0.0898, T = 150 K.
Research on precision linear displacement measurement method based on closed loop phase-shift control of single alternating light field
Authors: Fu Min , Xiang Baokang , Luo Kuo , Qiu Shuang , Zhang Xiangyun
Published: April 2024

A high-precision linear displacement measurement method based on the digital phase shift of a single light source is proposed. In this method, the light intensity of a four-channel sinusoidal transmission surface with a 90° difference in the spatial phase is modulated by a single channel alternating light, and four-channel alternating light intensity signal with the same time phase can be obtained. Two channels of standing wave signals with a time difference of 90° are obtained through micro-control digital phase shift processing. After differential amplification, an electric travelling wave signal containing position information of measurement object is synthesized by these two standing wave signals. By measuring the phase difference between the travelling wave and the reference signal, the high precision linear displacement can be measured. The principle of displacement measurement based on the modulation of a single-alternating light field and the principle of digital phase-shift of micro-control are introduced in detail. The feasibility of the method is verified through experiments. Finally, the sensor is optimized by analyzing the causes of error, and the measurement accuracy of ±0.2 μm is achieved within the 100 mm range with a 0.6 mm grating period.
LITERARY FAIRY TALE AS A MEANS OF FORMING THE TOLERANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Derkachova Olga , Tytun Oksana
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the study of the pedagogical potential of a literary fairy tale as a means of forming tolerance in primary school children. As illustrative material, the authors use LGBT fairy tales that actually reflect the topics that previously considered taboo. The aim of the research is to analyze modern queer tales considering social and literary tendencies, to determine the thematic section and to investigate the peculiarities of character creating process, as well as to generalize and systematize the literary experience of queer texts and trace how such fairy tales help to form a tolerant attitude towards others. The object of research is modern queer tales, which have become significant in culture and have caused mixed reaction. The research methodology involves historical-comparative, existential, hermeneutic and culturological methods. In postmodern world, there are significant changes in a person’s awareness of his/her place in the family and among people, there is also a search for self-identification and understanding of what is moral or immoral. The changes in social, value, and morality are reflected in fiction, which captures “possible – impossible”, “right – wrong”, “bad – good” at certain stages of development of the society. The appearance of queer literature and discussions around them testify to the readiness of the society for dialogue and understanding that the world is beautiful in its diversity. A person with his/her qualities, values, uniqueness and desire to be useful to the society in queer tales occupies an important place. Equally important is the issue of freedom to choose a life path, life purpose, a partner, as well as the right to self-expression. The origin and development of the issue is researched, the first LGBT books for children are briefly analyzed, and the most recent and most popular tales are focused on. Among them are “King and King” by Linda De Haan and Stern Nijland (2002), “The bravest Knight that Ever Lived” by Daniel Errico (2014), “The Princes and the Treasure” by Jeffrey A. Miles (2014), “Princess Princess Ever After” by Katie O’Neill (2016). The narrative features of these tales are elucidated, a comparative analysis of the folklore tale and a new literary one is carried out. The structural matrix of the queer tale has been determined as a traditional one: tasks, hero and helper, journey, initiation, magic objects and happy end. Attention is focused on the characteristics of queer characters: their traits, actions, relationship with people. The problems and the leading motives of the tales are identified, and it is emphasized that the purpose of such literature is to show the world in its diversity, where there is a place for everyone. It is also advisable to focus on the deeds and actions of the characters but not on their sexual preferences.
MODERN ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF A TEACHER'S ASSISTANT IN AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kopchuk-Kashetska Maria , Tsiuniak Oksana , Dovbenko Svitlana
Published: April 2024

The article explores the role and importance of a teacher's assistant in an inclusive educational environment for children with special educational needs. It focuses on the current trends and challenges faced by teaching assistants in working with this category of students. The key aspects of the role of a teacher's assistant, such as individualization of learning, promotion of social integration and psychosocial support, are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the use of technology and innovation in providing effective support to children with different educational needs, and the issue of accessibility of technology for all students, regardless of their individual limitations or needs, is also addressed. Emphasizes the interaction of the teacher's assistant with other participants in the educational process, such as parents, teachers and other professionals, and the importance of teamwork and exchange of experience to achieve optimal results in the upbringing and education of children with special educational needs. It considers the challenges and prospects for the development of inclusive education in the modern educational environment, identifies ways to improve the training and support of teacher assistants. The study serves as an important source of information for educators, researchers and practitioners working in the field of inclusive education. Conclusions are drawn and prospects for further research and development of methods aimed at optimizing the role of the teacher's assistant in an inclusive educational environment are proposed. Effective support for the learning and development of children with special educational needs remains an urgent and important task, and the article makes an important contribution to understanding this issue in the modern educational context.
Examining Space Efficiency in Supertall Towers through an Analysis of 135 Case Studies
Authors: Ilgın Hüseyin Emre
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the critical need for a comprehensive exploration of space efficiency in supertall buildings, a crucial aspect of skyscraper architecture with profound implications for sustainability. Despite the paramount importance of spatial utilization, the existing literature lacks a thorough investigation into this domain. This research aims to fill this significant gap by conducting an exhaustive analysis based on data from 135 case studies. The proposed model for evaluating space efficiency yielded compelling technical insights. The key metrics employed in this examination include: (1) average space efficiency: the findings revealed an average space efficiency of about 72%. This metric provides a quantitative measure of how effectively space is utilized in supertall buildings. (2) core area proportion: on average, the proportion of core area to the gross floor area was around 24%. This metric sheds light on the distribution of core areas within the overall structure, impacting both functionality and spatial optimization. This study also highlighted notable trends and characteristics observed in the examined cases: (3) central core design: the majority of skyscrapers featured a central core design tailored primarily for mixed-use purposes. This architectural choice reflects a strategic approach to maximize functionality and versatility in supertall structures. (4) structural systems: The outriggered frame system emerged as the prevailing structural system, with composite materials commonly used for the structural components. This insight into prevalent structural choices contributes to the understanding of the technical aspects influencing space utilization in skyscraper design.
Вплив заміщення атомів гадолінію на будову двошарової структури скандатів BaGd2–хDyxSc2O7
Authors: Тітов Ю.О. , Чумак В.В.
Published: April 2024

Методами рентгенівської порошкової дифракції встановлено умови ізовалентного заміщення атомів Gd на атоми Dy в А-позиції двошарової перовськітоподібної структури BaGd2Sc2O7 за типом BaGd2–xDyxSc2O7: 0 < x ≤ 0,4. Методом Рітвельда визначено тетрагональну (просторова група P42/mnm) кристалічну структуру фаз BaGd2−xDyxSc2O7 з x = 0,2 та 0,4. Основою кристалічної структури BaGd2–xDyxSc2O7 є двовимірні (нескінченні в площині XY) перовськітоподібні блоки завтовшки в два шари сполучених вершинами деформованих октаедрів ScO6. Атоми Ba розташовані лише в позиції 4f всередині перовськітоподібного блока, а атоми рідкісноземельних елементів — лише в позиції 8j на межі перовськітоподібних блоків. Суміжні перовськітоподібні блоки розділені шаром поліедрів (Gd,Dy)О9 і утримуються разом за допомогою міжблокових зв`язків —O—(Gd,Dy)—O—. Встановлено, що ізовалентне заміщення атомів Gd на менші за розміром атоми Dy призводить до збільшення ступеня деформації міжблокових поліедрів (Gd,Dy)О9. Такі зміни структури зумовлюють дестабілізацію міжблокового “зшиття” і є одними з основних причин руйнування шаруватої перовськітоподібної структури фаз BaGd2–xDyxSc2O7 при х > 0,4. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані для цілеспрямованого регулювання структурно залежних властивостей матеріалів на основі скандату BaGd2Sc2O7.
Clasificación del léxico cotidiano en inventarios de bienes costarricenses del Siglo XVIII
Authors: Cruz Volio Gabriela
Published: April 2024

Este artículo propone una clasificación del léxico cotidiano de una serie de inventarios de bienes coloniales de Costa Rica. El corpus está conformado por 17 documentos que han sido transcritos de acuerdo con los criterios de la red internacional CHARTA. A partir de esos textos, se ha extraído y clasificado el léxico cotidiano en categorías onomasiológicas. Los resultados de la clasificación relevan que la aparición de mayor o menor de determinados bienes se relaciona con el modo de vida y con los sucesos mercantiles de la época. Por ello, la categoría más amplia corresponde a la de las herramientas, mientras que las de vestimenta, telas y ropa de hogar se relaciona con la entrada de la llamada «mercancía de la tierra» en Costa Rica durante el siglo XVIII ampliado. Por último, el análisis cualitativo aporta nuevos datos basados en documentación inédita para un mejor conocimiento de la configuración del español de Costa Rica desde un punto de vista histórico.
MARKET TRENDS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FRESH FRUIT TRADE
Authors: Petrova N.
Published: April 2024

The natural and climatic conditions in Bulgaria are a prerequisite for the cultivation of quality fruits with unique taste characteristics, but after the country's accession to the EU, there is a permanent tendency to decrease the areas on which fruit crops are grown. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in developed and developing countries is far below the recommended norms, and yet production in the country cannot satisfy the needs of the population with fresh fruits and the canning industry with raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the fruit market in Bulgaria.
Theoretical Study on Copper Adsorption on Zinc Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Salmi Mustafa Al , Alshammari Ali
Published: April 2024

The study of copper on zinc oxide surfaces is a topic of ongoing research due to the importance of copper as a promoter in the low-temperature synthesis of methanol, the water-gas shift process and methanol steam reforming. The role of zinc oxide in supporting the stabilisation of the copper atoms and promoting the CO2 hydrogenation reaction is multifaceted and involves a range of physical and chemical factors. In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the copper adsorption on zinc oxide surfaces on different sites. Bader charge analysis, adsorption energy and phonon inelastic neutron scattering (INS) associated with most stable systems were calculated and compared with previous theoretical and experimental results. We found that atomic copper adsorption on hollow site of ZnO(111) is the most stable and favourable site for copper adsorption compared to other zinc oxide surfaces. This is due to the strong metal-oxygen interaction between copper and the zinc oxide surface. We concluded that further studies are needed to investigate the catalytic activity of this catalyst under realistic reaction conditions with realistic models of copper supported on zinc oxide.
Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Dialysis and Dialysis Care after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Babroudi Seda , Weiner Daniel E. , Neyra Javier A. , Drew David A.
Published: April 2024

The number of patients with AKI receiving outpatient hemodialysis (AKI-D) is increasing. At present, on the basis of limited data, approximately one third of patients with AKI-D who receive outpatient dialysis after hospital discharge survive and regain sufficient kidney function to discontinue dialysis. Data to inform dialysis management strategies that promote kidney function recovery and processes of care among patients with AKI-D receiving outpatient dialysis are lacking. In this article, we detail current trends in the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, proposed management, and health policy landscape for patients with AKI-D receiving outpatient dialysis and identify areas for further research.
American Society of Nephrology Kidney Tutored Research and Education for Kidney Scholars (TREKS) Program
Authors: Rubin Molly , Lecker Stewart H. , Ramkumar Nirupama , Sozio Stephen M. , Hoover Robert S. , Zeidel Mark L. , Ko Benjamin S.
Published: April 2024

In response to decreasing numbers of individuals entering into nephrology fellowships, the American Society of Nephrology launched Kidney Tutored Research and Education for Kidney Scholars (TREKS) to stimulate interest in nephrology among medical students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows. The program combines a 1-week intensive exposure to kidney physiology with a longitudinal mentorship program at the participants' home institutions. Ten years in, an analysis was conducted to assess its effectiveness. We surveyed participants to assess their opinions regarding nephrology before and after the course and followed them longitudinally to determine their career choices. TREKS applicants who were not selected to participate were used as a comparison group. Three hundred eighty-one people participated in the program, and 242 completed the survey. After TREKS, both medical students and graduate students showed increased interest in nephrology, with rank scores of 5.6±0.2 before to 7.5±0.1 after the course for medical students (mean±SD, n=189, P = 0.001) and 7.3±0.3 to 8.7±0.3 (n=53, P = 0.001) for graduate students. In long-term follow-up, TREKS medical students chose a nephrology pipeline residency at a higher rate than medical students overall (57% versus 31%, P = 0.01) and TREKS applicants who did not participate (47% versus 31%, P = 0.04). Nephrology fellowship rates for these groups exceeded the general population but did not significantly differ between TREKS participants and applicants. Doctor of Philosophy students and postdoctoral TREKS participants had a higher rate of participation in nephrology research compared with TREKS applicants (66% versus 30%, P = 0.01). In summary, the American Society of Nephrology Kidney TREKS program has demonstrated that it can increase interest in nephrology in the short term and increase the number of individuals going into nephrology careers. This long-term effect is most evident in Doctor of Philosophy students and postdoctoral participants. Further study is needed to assess the impact of TREKS on enrollment in nephrology fellowship programs.
Navigating Higher Education Insurance: An Experimental Study on Demand and Adverse Selection
Authors: Balakrishnan Sidhya , Bettinger Eric , Kofoed Michael S. , Ritter Dubravka , Webber Douglas A. , Aksu Ege , Hartley Jonathan S.
Published: April 2024

We conduct a survey-based experiment with 2,776 students at a non-profit university to analyze income insurance demand in education financing. We offered students a hypothetical choice: either a federal loan with income-driven repayment or an income-share agreement (ISA), with randomized framingof downside protections. Emphasizing income insurance increased ISA uptake by 43%. We observe that students are responsive to changes in contract terms and possible student loan cancellation, which is evidence of preference adjustment or adverse selection. Our results indicate that framing specific terms can increase demand for higher education insurance to potentially address risk for students with varying outcomes.