bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of increasing internal end‐point temperatures on physicochemical and sensory properties of meat: A review
Authors: Schwartz Marbi , Marais Jeannine , Strydom Phillip Evert , Hoffman Louwrens Christiaan
Published: April 2022

Although many efforts have been made to improve and control the eating quality of meat, there is still high variability in palatability, which may ultimately result in customer dissatisfaction. Beef meat is especially intricate to study since consumers have specific preferences for degrees of doneness. The degrees of doneness in beef is known to affect its physicochemical properties and have a subsequent effect on palatability. Nevertheless, an in‐depth investigation into the exact changes that occur with increasing internal end‐point temperatures of meat is yet to be explored. With researchers implementing various cooking methods and cooking conditions (i.e., sample preparation and internal end‐point temperatures), the results of studies are often impossible to compare. This review provides an overview of the various benefits and drawbacks of the cooking methods commonly used at home, in commercial enterprises, and research on meat. Furthermore, the physicochemical changes in meat with increasing degrees of doneness are discussed in detail with considerations of the subsequent changes in the sensory properties of meat.
Assessing Seismic Origin of Geological Features by Fitting Equidistant Parallel Lines
Authors: Jupp P.E. , Goudie I.B.J. , Batchelor R.A. , Goudie R.J.B.
Published: April 2022

Some planes in sedimentary rocks contain features that appear to lie near equally spaced parallel lines. Determining whether or not they do so can provide information on possible mechanisms for their formation. The problem is recast here in terms of circular statistics, enabling closeness of candidate sets of lines to the points to be measured by a mean resultant length. This leads to a test of goodness of fit and to estimates of the direction of the lines and of the spacing between them. Two contrasting data sets are analysed.
Physical activity and well-being of students of faculties medical and non-medical services during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sochacka Magdalena , Zdziarski Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

Physical activity has a positive effect on the human body, well-being and mental health. This is confirmed by the results of studies which show that regular physical exercise has a beneficial effect not only on the cardiovascular, muscular and nervous systems, as well as on mental well-being. The Covid-19 pandemic, which affected society as a whole, changed our lives. The pandemic has a social and economic scope, increasing the number of stressful situations that affect well-being. Aim of the research: The aim of the undertaken research was to check the level of physical activity and well-being of medical and non-medical students during the pandemic. Material and methods: The research used the method of diagnostic survey, with the use of the proprietary questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as well as a 36-point Health Survey were used.  The research group consisted of students of medical and non-medical faculties.  Results: The research confirmed a decrease in physical activity and a change in well-being in students of both faculties. The vast majority of students (80%) noticed a change in well-being during the pandemic. Half of the respondents (50%) undertake physical activity to improve their well-being, and over 60% of the students declared that physical activity helps them maintain their well-being during the pandemic. Conclusions: The results of the conducted research indicate a negative impact of the pandemic on the physical activity and well-being of the respondents.  There was a strong correlation between physical activity and the well-being of research participants. The greatest decrease in physical activity was observed in medical students (52.08%).  On the other hand, students of non-medical faculties (54.17%) showed a lower level of well-being, and higher medical students (45.83%).  It is advisable to take preventive measures through active physical activity in order to eliminate the negative effects of the pandemic.
O Movimento das Políticas Públicas Baseadas em Evidências: uma radiografia crítica
Authors: Pimenta de Faria Carlos Aurélio
Published: April 2022

Evidence Based Public Policies (EBPP) are those produced from rigorous and systematic data. Their supply and demand have grown so widely all over the world that it became commonplace to recognize those processes as a “Movement”. This article has the following objectives: (a) to explain the origins and spread of this Movement; (b) to analyze the role played by the several kinds of institutions that have been working to promote the international diffusion of this agenda; and (c) to discuss the limits and broken promises of the EBPP Movement.
BASF Group as the prominent enterprise in light of the COVID-19 pandemic-overview of the selected financial indicators
Authors: Mrozek Michał
Published: April 2022

Purpose of the study: The research regards the selected financial indicators: employment, personnel costs, and sales in BASF Group in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper's fundamental aim is to assess the financial situation of the BASF Group in light of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2016 to 2021.

Methodology: The paper uses statistical, dynamics, comparative, and documentation analysis.

Main findings: The discussion shows that the prominent company within the chemistry sector succeeded in the research period. BASF implemented the suitable mechanisms, solutions, and actions that mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and, in consequence, positioned the world pioneer in chemistry in the leading rank against the rest of the entities competing in that diversified market.

Application of the study: The presented paper regards the leading company in the chemistry sector. It focuses on the considerations in such scientific areas as employment, personnel costs, and sales. Applying the instruments and measures of financial analysis enables one to examine the crucial problems of the enterprise. The issues pointed out in the paper can be profitable for practitioners, decision-makers, and managers.

Originality/Novelty of the study: The pandemic's trajectory is challenging to forecast. The COVID-19 pandemic modifications can cause the growth of infected people. Furthermore, the defined financial activity resulting from additional lockdowns may negatively impact aggregate demand. The paper can motivate further study and examination of the financial indicators of the BASF and other inspiring scientific research.
Penerapan Komunikasi Nonverbal: Sebuah Alternatif Dalam Peningkatan Perhatian Mahasiswa Pada Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Hamandia Muhammad Randicha , Jannati Zhila
Published: April 2022

Attention is an important element in the learning process. With attention, the learning process will be active and conducive. The effectiveness of the learning process in the classroom will be achieved if each student is able to achieve good attention so that explanations from lecturers or other students can be absorbed well to realize quality learning success. The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of nonverbal communication can be an alternative in increasing student attention in the learning process. The qualitative method is the method chosen in this study. The number of subjects taken in this study were 28 students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Data collection in this study uses observation and interview techniques. While the data analysis in this study is descriptive qualitative data analysis. From these results it can be concluded that nonverbal communication can be an appropriate alternative in increasing student attention in the learning process.
Progress in modern crop science research in wheat biology
Authors: Altaf Adil , Shah Amir Zaman , Gull Sadia , Hussain Shahid , Faheem Muhammad , Miah Ad Al Amin , Zhu Xinkai
Published: April 2022

Every crop breeding effort seeks to enhance production. Despite several advances, most worldwide breeding efforts have long sought to improve grain production potential, insect/pest/disease resistance, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Almost all wheat breeding programs aim to increase grain yield potential. Wheat breeders have achieved substantial improvements in crop yield. Genetic transformation, cloning, and genetic engineering increase production potential in wheat. The primary breeding strategy for wheat is the pedigree. However, hybrids and population improvement are also utilized. Breeders utilized biotechnology to increase breeding success. Biotechnology and genome editing are examples of current technology that can improve global agriculture production by assisting crop development. Traditional wheat breeding methods have been supplemented with biotechnology to speed up wheat improvement efforts. These methods will speed up wheat biology research and help to develop wheat breeding plans. However, many programs in developing countries (especially) are still trying to include them.
Molecular Photovoltaic Devices Mimic Photosynthesis
Authors: Moser Jacques-E. , Bonhôte Pierre , Walder Lorenz , Grätzel Michael
Published: April 2022

Photoinduced charge-transfer processes involving molecules adsorbed at interfaces are a fascinating topic which is presently attracting wide attention. Our investigations have focused on the identification of the factors that control the dynamics of such processes. The goal is to design
molecular electronic devices that achieve efficient light-induced charge separation. Applications of similar systems in photochromic and electrochromic devices appear also feasible.
The separation of alkyldiethanolamide based on Kernel oil of Calophyllum inophillum fruit using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Iqbal Masrori , Suhendra Dedy , Ryantin Gunawan Erin
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to separate the synthesized alkyldiethanolamide from kernel oil Calophyllum inophyllum (Local name: Nyamplung) using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). HPLC column utilized was SGE ODS-2 reverse phase and UV detector 213 nm. The variables to obtain the optimum conditions for separating alkyldiethanolamide were mobile phase and flow rate. The mobile phase composition and the optimum separation flow rate obtained acetonitrile: water (90:10) and 1.5 mL/minute, respectively. The percentage compositions of amide fatty acids that had been successfully synthesized based on HPLC were linoleoyl diethanolamide (46-49%), oleoyl diethanolamide (27-29%), palmitoyl diethanolamide (11-14%), and stearoyl diethanolamide (9-11%).
Investigating the network structure of domain-specific knowledge using the semantic fluency task
Authors: Siew Cynthia S. Q. , Guru Anutra
Published: April 2022

Cognitive scientists have a long-standing interest in quantifying the structure of semantic memory. Here we investigate whether a commonly used paradigm to study the structure of semantic memory, the semantic fluency task, as well as computational methods from network science could be leveraged to explore the underlying knowledge structures of academic disciplines, such as Psychology or Biology. To compare the knowledge representations of individuals with relatively different levels of expertise in academic subjects, undergraduate students (i.e., experts) and pre-university high school students (i.e., novices) completed a semantic fluency task with cue words corresponding to general semantic categories (i.e., animals, fruits) and specific academic domains (e.g., psychology, biology). Network analyses of their fluency networks found that both domain-general and domain-specific semantic networks of undergraduates were more efficiently connected and less modular than the semantic networks of high school students. Our results provide an initial proof-of-concept that the semantic fluency task could be used by educators and cognitive scientists to study the representation of more specific domains of knowledge, potentially providing new ways of quantifying the nature of expert cognitive representations.
Compliance and followership
Authors: Steffens Niklas K
Published: April 2022

Not applicable for this chapter
propósito de un caso. Osteogénesis imperfecta tipo III en mujer adulta. Diez años de tratamiento con bifosfonatos. ¿Y ahora qué?
Authors: Pérez-Blanco Carmen , Pavón-de Paz Isabel , Navea-Aguilera Cristina , Rosado-Sierra José Antonio , García-García Diego
Published: April 2022

La osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) es una enfermedad hereditaria que agrupa defectos del tejido conectivo que causan fragilidad y deformidades óseas. La baja densidad mineral ósea y la alta incidencia de dolor óseo y fracturas obliga a plantear tratamiento dirigido antirresortivo, siendo los bifosfonatos el tratamiento de elección. La eficacia de estos tratamientos está claramente establecida en la infancia, pero no así en la edad adulta. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 35 años con OI tipo III, que había sido tratada durante diez años con ácido zoledrónico intravenoso. El caso permite revisar los tratamientos empleados hasta la fecha.
Proteinosis alveolar pulmonar en paciente con trombocitemia esencial
Authors: Romero-Francés Laura , Royo-Prats Juan Antonio
Published: April 2022

La proteinosis alveolar pulmonar es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la acumulación intraalveolar de componentes del surfactante que provoca deterioro del intercambio gaseoso. Presentamos a un varón de 58 años, con diagnóstico de proteinosis alveolar y antecedente de trombocitemia esencial al que se trató con lavados pulmonares totales, terapia con GM-CSF y rituximab, sin poder frenar el curso de la enfermedad. Revisamos las diversas formas clínicas y líneas de tratamiento.
Trombosis de la arteria hepática. Reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lorca-Barchín José , Pascual-Pérez Reyes , Telenti-Rodríguez Guillermo , González-López Borja , Pesce Lourdes
Published: April 2022

Hombre de 60 años que ingresa en Medicina Interna por dolor abdominal agudo, detectándose en TC abdominal con contraste intravenoso trombosis de la arteria hepática común, por lo que se inicia anticoagulación. En el estudio etiológico se detecta anticoagulante lúpico. Durante la evolución requiere la colocación de una endoprótesis vascular por desarrollo de un aneurisma sacular, sin presentar otras complicaciones.
Shock séptico y tóxico secundario a fascitis necrotizante facial por estreptococo betahemolítico del grupo A en un paciente inmunocompetente
Authors: Pérez-Sanz María Teresa , Parra-Virto Alejandro , Alonso-Muñoz Jaime , Carrascosa-Fernández Paula , Demelo-Rodríguez Pablo
Published: April 2022

Se expone el caso de un varón de 74 años con historia previa de insuficiencia respiratoria global crónica que acude por episodio de fiebre, dolor e inflamación a nivel periorbitario izquierdo. El cuadro clínico progresó de forma muy llamativa en pocas horas, afectando a la hemicara contralateral y extendiéndose hacia región supraclavicular ipsilateral.
Se confirmó la presencia de Streptococcus pyogenes y el paciente requirió tratamiento quirúrgico urgente, donde presentó inestabilidad hemodinámica en forma de shock séptico.
Tratamiento endovascular del síndrome postrombótico crónico. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Pérez-Catalán Ignacio , Gascón-Ramón Ginés , García-Vila José H. , Roig-Martí Celia , Montañana-Rosell Neus
Published: April 2022

Paciente de 44 años que en 1994 sufrió un primer episodio de trombosis venosa profunda ilio-femoral izquierda secundaria a un accidente de tráfico. Posteriormente presenta múltiples recidivas trombóticas tratadas con anticoagulación. Tras ser diagnosticado de síndrome postrombótico crónico grave, en 2017 se realiza una recanalización mediante angioplastia y posterior colocación de stent con una mejoría importante tanto morfológica como sintomática. Supone el primer caso de síndrome postrombótico crónico de tan larga evolución tratado mediante abordaje endovascular en la provincia de Castellón.
Tumor endoluminal de la vena cava, un gran simulador
Authors: Martínez-Posada Patricia , Navarro-Puerto M. Asunción , Maese-Rufino Pedro J.
Published: April 2022

Los tumores de la vena cava son excepcionales y de mal pronóstico por su agresividad, demora diagnóstica y escasas opciones terapéuticas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que ingresa en anasarca. La evolución clínica es desfavorable a pesar del tratamiento. Las técnicas de imagen y el trabajo multidisciplinar fueron fundamentales para el diagnóstico.
EPOC fenotipo no agudizador con enfisema
Authors: Martín-Garrido Isabel , Martínez-Rísquez María Teresa , Calero-Bernal María Luz
Published: April 2022

Varón de 48 años fumador excesivo, sin otros antecedentes de interés, derivado para estudio de disnea. Tras la realización de pruebas complementarias, se diagnostica de EPOC grado D de la GOLD y fenotipo enfisema no agudizador según GesEPOC, disnea clase 2-3 de la mMRC con una puntuación BODE de 7 y con presencia de bullas de predominio en pulmón derecho. Tras optimización del tratamiento médico broncodilatador con retirada de corticoides inhalados, inicialmente la situación clínica del paciente mejora, pero 3 meses después presenta empeoramiento paulatino motivado por la aparición de neumotórax leve que precisa tubo de drenaje y posterior bullectomía, con mejoría clínica y funcional.
Abscesos hepáticos amebianos múltiples. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Pineda-Cantero Araceli , Caballero-Martínez Luis Francisco , Costo-Muriel Clara , Pérez-de Pedro Iván , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo
Published: April 2022

Entamoeba histolytica es un protozoo causante de varias patologías, entre ellas abscesos hepáticos amebianos. A continuación se expone un caso donde se diagnostica esta entidad mediante una anamnesis exhaustiva y complementando el proceso diagnóstico con técnicas actuales.
Afectación adrenal, pancreática, renal y del sistema nervioso central en el síndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Fernández-Bermejo Lara Almudena , Toral-Revuelta José Ramón
Published: April 2022

Varón de 55 años remitido a consultas de Medicina Interna para seguimiento de su feocromocitoma bilateral con suprarrenalectomía bilateral con clínica de cefaleas y calambres leves inespecíficos. Mantenía niveles de metanefrinas en orina elevados. Se solicitó estudio radiológico que demostró múltiples nódulos pancreáticos, múltiples quistes renales complejos bilaterales y múltiples lesiones en sistema nervioso central a nivel de cerebelo y médula espinal. Con las lesiones descritas, se solicitó estudio genético para descartar probable síndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau, que se confirmó. En los controles periódicos existe estabilidad de las lesiones, con niveles de metanefrinas en orina normalizados.
Síndrome mielodisplásico en adultos jóvenes: serie de casos
Authors: García-Prada Camilo Andrés , Martínez-Cordero Humberto , Patiño-Escobar Orlando Bonell
Published: April 2022

Los síndromes mielodisplásicos corresponden a un grupo heterogéneo de malignidades de la célula madre hematopoyética caracterizados por producción ineficaz y displásica de la médula ósea con defectos funcionales cualitativos y cuantitativos de las tres líneas celulares que resultan en manifestaciones sistémicas como anemia, incremento del riesgo de sangrado e infección, con un riesgo variable de transformación a leucemia mieloide aguda. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en adultos mayores con una mediana de edad al diagnóstico de 65 años. Reportamos una serie de tres casos de pacientes adultos jóvenes con un cuadro clínico caracterizado principalmente por alto requerimiento transfusional en quienes posteriormente se realizó el diagnóstico de síndrome mielodisplásico. Se ofrece tratamiento inicial con 5-azacitidina resultando en progresión a leucemia mieloide aguda en dos de ellos de forma temprana. El tercer caso se encuentra actualmente en manejo con ese esquema. En los dos primeros casos mencionados, se realizó manejo de rescate con protocolo de quimioterapia 7+3 resultando en remisión en el primero con posterior consolidación con trasplante alogénico de médula ósea teniendo una buena evolución posterior al mismo. El segundo caso resulta en recaída siendo llevado a protocolo de rescate con protocolo IDA-FLAG sin lograr remisión, falleciendo por complicaciones infecciosas.
Apoplejía paratiroidea: remisión espontánea e hipocalcemia yatrogénica
Authors: Gómez-Alfonso Francisco Javier , López-Iglesias María , Torres-Arroyo Belvis , Del Val-Zaballos Florentino , Silva Fernández Julia
Published: April 2022

La apoplejía paratiroidea es una evolución infrecuente del adenoma de paratiroides, que conlleva a una resolución transitoria o permanente del hiperparatiroidismo primario asociado. Se expone un caso clínico donde nuestra paciente padeció además un episodio agudo de hipocalcemia yatrogénica secundaria al uso de cinacalcet.
Síncope secundario a arritmia ventricular en paciente con amiloidosis. ¿Un DAI siempre es la respuesta?
Authors: Cabrera-Huerta Susana Patricia , Romero-Santana Francisco José , Marrero-Negrín Natalia , Medina-Gil José María
Published: April 2022

Varón de 76 años que ingresa por insuficiencia cardíaca de debut con disfunción sistólica severa e hipertrofia ventricular. El estudio coronario no presenta lesiones, por lo que se da de alta como disfunción idiopática. Reingresa por síncope. Se mantiene monitorizado y se evidencia taquicardia ventricular monomorfa no sostenida que reproduce la clínica. Se amplía el estudio con resonancia magnética cardíaca y gammagrafía- Tc99, que resultan compatibles con amiloidosis cardíaca. No fue posible realizar biopsia confirmatoria. Se plantea el implante de desfibrilador automático implantable, descartándose por falta de evidencia. Final- mente, fallece por actividad eléctrica sin pulso.
Trombosis venosa profunda y embolia de pulmón en paciente con hemoperitoneo
Authors: Limia-Pérez Laura , Criado-García Juan , Fuentes-Spínola María , Delgado-Zamorano Ana Cristina , Cruz-Caparrós María Gracia
Published: April 2022

La anticoagulación es el pilar fundamental del tratamiento de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. En las situaciones en las que el tratamiento anticoagulante está contraindicado, como ocurre en una hemorragia activa, o cuando fracasa dicha terapia con recurrencias de la embolia de pulmón, se debe plantear la colocación de un filtro de vena cava inferior. Presentamos el manejo de un caso de enfermedad tromboembólica en un paciente oncológico que desarrolló un hemoperitoneo.
Forma atípica de presentación de la enfermedad de Whipple. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Fernández-Mondelo Janira , Cervero-Jiménez Miguel
Published: April 2022

La enfermedad de Whipple es una patología sistémica, crónica y curable causada por una bacteria grampositiva denominada Tropheryma whipplei. Las manifestaciones clínicas más habituales son diarrea crónica, dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso y síntomas articulares. A continuación presentamos un caso de un paciente de 76 años con enfermedad de Whipple con afectación digestiva y articular que se diagnosticó tras el estudio en una biopsia ganglionar.
Derrame pleural recidivante secundario a fístulas pancreático-pleurales, complicado con empiema pleural. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Palacios-Milán María , Blasco-Patiño Felipe , Sánchez-Martínez Yésica , Martínez-Antón Beatriz , Blázquez-Encinar Julio César
Published: April 2022

El derrame pleural masivo de origen pancreático es una rara complicación de la pancreatitis que se debe generalmente a una fistula pancreático-pleural. Dentro de lo infrecuente de esta entidad, aún lo es más que el cuadro recidive en el lado contralateral y que además, como sucede en nuestro caso, se complique con una sobreinfección por Escherichia coli proveniente del tracto digestivo originando un empiema pleural.
Meningioma del tubérculo selar
Authors: Gómez-García Silvia , Marcuello-Melendo Beatriz , Piñero-Rodríguez Ana María
Published: April 2022

El meningioma selar representa el segundo tumor hipofisario en frecuencia, por detrás de los adenomas hipofisarios. Crece afectando el quiasma y nervio óptico, provocando una pérdida visual progresiva que conduce a la ceguera. Inicialmente puede dar muy pocas indicaciones de su existencia y, cuando los síntomas visuales son pronunciados, el tumor puede haber alcanzado un tamaño considerable y comprometer las estructuras adyacentes, invadiendo incluso ambas arterias carótidas y comprometiendo el éxito quirúrgico. En estas circunstancias, la pérdida visual puede ser permanente. Se remite el caso de un paciente con sintomatología visual inespecífica como único síntoma de un meningioma de tubérculo selar.
Y cuando todo iba tan bien
Authors: Casado-Escribano Pedro Pablo , Gilabert-González Noemí , López-Torres Manuel , Costa-Segovia Ramón , Alonso-Monge Ester
Published: April 2022

Paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de corta evolución y óptimo control metabólico previo que presenta de forma subaguda (en los últimos 8 meses) franco empeoramiento glucémico.
Diabetes mellitus, un reto diagnóstico
Authors: Olivo-Aguilar Diego Eduardo , Tarrazo-Tarrazo Carlos , Garrido-Sánchez José Javier , Casal-Álvarez Jaime , Arenas-García Víctor
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprende un grupo de enfermedades metabólicas que tienen como factor común la presencia de hiperglucemia. España presenta estimaciones de prevalencia de DM tipo 2 que varían entre el 4,8 y el 18,7%, y de DM tipo 1 entre el 0,08 y el 0,2%, siendo un problema de salud importante debido a la comorbilidad asociada y los altos costes. La presentación del caso tiene como objetivo concienciar a los profesionales de la salud de la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y adecuado, para optimización del tratamiento, además de plantear un diagnóstico diferencial de importancia para la práctica clínica habitual.
Lo que la diabetes esconde
Authors: Gabella-Martín Miriam , Cobos-Siles Marta María , Abadía-Otero Jesica , Briongos-Figuero Laisa Socorro
Published: April 2022

La diabetes mellitus (DM) se ha asociado a diferentes procesos tumorales. Existen diversos factores de riesgo de cáncer de páncreas y se estima que el 1% de los mayores de 50 años con diagnóstico reciente de DM desarrollará una neoplasia pancreática que habitualmente se encuentra en estadio avanzado. El diagnóstico precoz sigue siendo clave en el pronóstico y puede ser rentable la realización de TAC abdominal de cribado temprano en adultos recién diagnosticados de DM. Presentamos el caso de un varón con diagnóstico reciente de DM y hallazgo de adenocarcinoma de páncreas con una estrecha presentación temporal entre ambas entidades.
ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BLACK ROT CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA CITRI- AN OUTLOOK
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Mubeen Mustansar , Ateeq Muhammad , Shad Munsif Ali , Atiq Muhammad Nauman , Kaleem Muhammad Mohsin , Iqbal Shehzad , Shaikh Aamir Ali , Ullah Ikram , Khan Moman , Kalhoro Akhtiar Ahmed , Abbas Aqleem
Published: April 2022

Citrus is an important fruit crop of the world. It is the most important commercial fruit crop having higher moisture contents and nutrient composition. Citrus losses are mainly due to diseases that highly affect their quality and quantity. Black rot of fruit caused by Alternaria citri, is a significant fungal disease of citrus that causes severe losses in citrus orchards of the world. It affects most of the members of the citrus family and often causes severe losses. The disease primarily affects the aboveground parts of plants, leaves explicitly, and fruits. The first symptoms, however, usually appear on the leaves as black necrotic lesions. Later black necrotic lesions are also formed on fruits, and with the age of plants, the fruits become soft and black rot. The disease has been controlled by cultural practices and by growing resistant cultivars that do not allow the entry of the pathogen. Preharvest fungicides are also applied to prevent the disease but are not highly effective. Postharvest sprays with fungicides have also controlled the disease. However, fungicides are not eco-friendly, and demands for alternatives are arising. Other options are the application of biological control agents; however, biological agents are not effective under field conditions. The present review summarizes the current status of black rot of citrus and its management strategies.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF TEN COMMERCIAL FUNGICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, THE CAUSE OF BLACK SCURF DISEASE OF POTATO
Authors: Mahr Naseer Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Black scurf disease of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major problems causing considerable yield losses throughout the world. The control of R. solani is mainly based on the application of fungicides. Therefore, in the present study, ten fungicides belonging to different groups were evaluated for their in vitro effectiveness against R. solani. Highly significant inhibitory effects of fungicides were recorded on mycelial growth, sclerotial production, and germination of sclerotia of R. solani. In the in vitro test, the sensitivity of R. solani was found to vary greatly with the fungicides and their concentrations. The mycelial growth of R. solani was found to be the most sensitive to Antracol, Benlate, Captan, Dithane M-45, and Ridomil while the least sensitive to Polyram Combi. An intermediate sensitivity of the fungus was noticed to Daconil, Brassicol, Bavistin, and Vitavex. Sclerotial production by the fungus was the most sensitive to Ridomil and Benlate. At 50 ppm concentration, Benlate and Ridomil completely inhibited the sclerotial production. Dithane M-45 and Captan reduced the production of sclerotia greater than Deconil, Brassicol, and Bavistin. The least effective fungicide in reducing sclerotial production was Polyram Combi. Similarly, the most effective fungicide in reducing sclerotial germination was Benlate. The fungicides, Ridomil and Dithane M-45 showed an intermediate effect on the germination of sclerotia while Daconil and Captan proved to be the least effective fungicides in sclerotial germination of R. solani.
Sentiment Analysis System using Hybrid Word Embeddings with Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Alotaibi Fahd , Gupta Vishal Gupta
Published: April 2022

There have been wide ranges of innovations in sentiment analysis in recent past, with most effective ones involving use of various word embeddings methods for analysis of sentiments. GloVe and Word2Vec are acclaimed to be two most frequently used. A common problem with simple pre-trained embedding methods is that these ignore information related to sentiments of input texts and further depend on large text corpus for training purpose and generation of relevant vectors which is hindrance to researches involving smaller sized corpuses. The aim of proposed study is to propose a novel methodology for sentiment analysis that uses hybrid embeddings with a target to enhance features of available pre-trained embedding. Proposed hybrid embeddings use Part of Speech (POS) tagging and word2position vector over fastText with varied assortments of attached vectors to the pre-trained embedding vectors. The resultant form of hybrid embeddings is fed to our ensemble network-Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN). The methodology has been tested for accuracy via different Ensemble models of deep learning and standard sentiment dataset with accuracy value of 90.21 using Movie Review (MVR) Dataset V2. Results show that proposed methodology is effective for sentiment analysis and is capable of incorporating even more linguistic knowledge-based techniques to further improve results of sentiment analysis.
NEW FOSSILS OF SIVATHERIUM GIGANTEUM (GIRAFFIDAE, MAMMALIA) FROM THE UPPER SIWALIKS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
Authors: KUMAR SURESH
Published: April 2022

Fossil material of Sivatherium giganteum is reported here from the Upper Siwaliks of the Indian Subcontinent. The paper restricts itself only to the systematic description of this fossil material. The material consists of a half right maxillary second molar and a left mandibular fragment with partial M2 and M3 of Sivatherium giganteum collected from the Tatrot Formation of the Upper Siwaliks exposed north of Gobindpur village near Naraingarh Town (Haryana), northwest India. These specimens were found associated with several Pliocene mammalian taxa, which include Stegodon insignis, Hexaprotodon sivalensis, Leptobos falconeri, and yet to be identified Bovini. The mammalian faunal assemblage suggests an Early Pliocene age for the Tatrot deposits of Upper Siwaliks in the area.The present discovery is significant in the sense that records of Sivatherium giganteum are very rare in the Indian Subcontinent. Moreover, it is for the first time that Sivatherium giganteum is being described from the Upper Siwaliks of the study area.
Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City
Authors: Fakron Abdlmanam
Published: April 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem caused by a range of pathogens. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to see the pattern of Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin susceptibility against uropathogens in Benghazi city. The study took place between 2021 April and October 2021. In-vitro antibacterial activity and resistance patterns of these two well-known antibiotics were studied and compared using the disk diffusion method. Laboratory reports and clinical data of patients with a positive urine culture (≥105 CFU/mL) were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were tested against fourteen common bacterial pathogens, isolated from clinical samples of patients from Benghazi city Libya. A total of isolates were detected in 264 (75.4%) samples. Out of these, 75.4% were female and 24.6% were male. The majority of the study participants were in the age range of between 36-53 years (33.7%). The Increased bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Most strains of E. coli and Staph aureus were resistant to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to gentamycin thereby showing that gentamycin is more effective than ciprofloxacin. This study showed that E. coli followed by staph aureus and K. pneumonia were the predominant uropathogen of UTIs in this geographical area. Most of the uropathogens were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results showed that there is an alarming subject of resistance to Gentamicin against UTI patients in this area. Clinicians should be aware of the existing data and treat patients according to susceptibility patterns.
METATHEORETICAL BASIS OF TRANSDISCIPLINARITY
Authors: Atamanchuk V. P.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to understanding the metatheoretical foundations of transdisciplinarity. Transdisciplinary dimensions of scientific research are considered, which direct scientific research to comprehend a set of diverse aspects of scientific problems. It is proved that the concept of transdisciplinarity in modern scientific interpretations is to define general methodological parameters, which include the interaction of specific methodologies, tools for forming a holistic scientific picture of the world, demonstrating different aspects of scientific knowledge, correlated with the understanding of certain specific and probable relationships, interdependencies and interactions. Transdisciplinarity is defined as a multi-vector paradigm of scientific knowledge aimed at transforming the way of processing and understanding of any scientific information by recognizing, perceiving certain unknown aspects of reality that have not been previously defined. It is substantiated that the transdisciplinary approach provides multidimension and multilevel research, which is conditioned by the study of scientific problems through the analysis of their diverse projections in different scientific planes, determined by the dynamics of interaction of systems of certain quantities, features, degrees of quality, etc. It is determined that the multilevel and multidimensionality characteristics of the objects of transdisciplinary research correlates with the multifaceted worldview of the subject, which carries out the selection of parameters, forms, research methods. It was found that transdisciplinary research is metatheoretical in nature, as it combines not only empirical and theoretical developments from particular fields of science, but also coordinates them to the level of acceptable interaction from the position of different disciplines, which leads to the formation of certain universal algorithms and principles of interconnection.
CIRCUIT LEADER: FROM THE PROFESSIONALITY TO THE PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS
Authors: Chuprina O. B. , Lyashchenko T. V.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the concepts of “extracurricular education”, “pedagogical professionality” and “pedagogical skills”. The peculiarities of out-of-school work are described and the need for training of highly qualified staff of out-of-school educational institutions is determined. The criteria of pedagogical skill that determine the level of professionality of a teacher are studied. The research of scientists on the ways of the purposeful influence on the growing generation within the framework of comprehensive personality development is considered. It is proved that out-of-school education institutions have a priority role in the upbringing and development of children’s talents and creative personality. It is noted that extracurricular education is characterized by variability and diversity of curricula, which allows students to develop practical skills in certain fields of science, technology, culture and art. The emphasis is placed on the fact that during the reform of education, when teachers are constantly faced with new challenges and tasks, it is extremely important to increase the professional level of teachers, their desire for continuous development and self-improvement to ensure a successful pedagogical and educational process. It is proved that the efficiency and quality of work of out-of-school education institutions largely depends on the professionality of pedagogical workers. The participation of teachers in competitions of pedagogical skills is a kind of the indicator of professionality of the teacher, the readiness for self-education, exchange of experience and own professional growth. The article describes the features of the All-Ukrainian competition “Source of Creativity”, defines the purpose, outlines the main objectives of the competition and considers the areas of extracurricular education in which the competition is held. The assessment of the professional competencies of participants is carried out by getting acquainted with the practical experience of their work, which is presented in the form of an electronic portfolio. A comparative analysis of the participation of pedagogical staff of out-of-school education institutions in the All-Ukrainian competition “Source of Creativity” for the last 7 years was also carried out.
FELDSTEIN-HORIOKA HİPOTEZİNİN MINT ÜLKELERİNDE SINANMASI
Authors: ATA Ahmet Yılmaz , DALLI Tuğçe , OĞUL Bahar
Published: April 2022

Dünya ekonomisinde 1980’li yıllar ile birlikte görülmeye başlayan küreselleşme dalgası ile birlikte ülkeler arası sermaye hareketliliği ve finansal piyasaların uluslararası boyuta taşınması söz konusu olmuştur. Bu süreç neticesinde ekonomiler ve ekonomileri etkileyen iktisadi göstergeler ulusal olmaktan çıkıp uluslararası bir etkileşime tabi olmuştur. Feldstein-Horioka hipotezi de bu şekilde tasarruflar ve yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkiyi uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinin serbestlik derecesine bağlı kalarak analiz etmeye çalışan bir hipotezdir. Bu hipoteze göre sermaye hareketlerinde kısıtlamanın olduğu ekonomilerde tasarruflar ile yatırımlar arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusu olurken tam aksi durumda ise ilişki zayıf olmaktadır. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada, Feldstein-Horioka hipotezinin geçerli olup olmadığı MINT ülkelerine (Meksika, Endonezya, Nijerya ve Türkiye) ait 1987-2020 dönemlerine kapsayan yıllık veriler yardımıyla panel birim kök testleri, panel eşbütünleşme testi ve FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR yöntemleriyle test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde Feldstein-Horioka hipotezinin MINT ülkeleri için ilgili dönemde geçerli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Absorption and cancellation radar cross-section reduction metasurface design based on phase- and amplitude-control
Authors: Yuan Fang , Mao Rui-Qi , Gao Mian , Zheng Yue-Jun , Chen Qiang , Fu Yun-Qi ,   College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: April 2022

Wider band and deeper radar cross section (RCS) reduction by lower profile is always a very noticeable subject in stealth material researches. Most of researchers have designed and measured the RCS reduction bandwidth with 10 dB standard, that is, the return energy is reduced by 90%. In this paper we present a dual-mechanism method to design a single-layer absorptive metasurface with wideband 20-dB RCS reduction by simultaneously combining the absorption mechanism and the phase cancellation mechanism. Firstly, the impedance condition for 20-dB RCS reduction is theoretically analyzed considering both the absorption and the phase cancellation based on the two unit cells, and the relationship between the surface impedance and the reflection phase/amplitude is revealed. According to these analyses, two unit cells with absorption performance and different reflection phases are designed and utilized to realize the absorptive metasurface. Then, we simulate the plane case and the cylinder case with the designed flexible metasurface and compare them with the counterparts with equal-sized metal. Finally, the sample is fabricated and characterized experimentally to verify the simulated results. Both numerical and experimental results show that the 7-mm-thick single-layer absorptive metasurface features a wideband 20-dB RCS within 6.10–12.15 GHz (66%). Our designed metasurface features wideband, 20-dB reduction, polarization insensitivity, light weight and flexible, promising great potential in real-world low-scattering stealth applications.
Upregulated serum granulysin levels in women with antiphospholipid antibody‐associated recurrent miscarriage are downregulated by heparin treatment
Authors: Ichikawa Tomoko , Negishi Yasuyuki , Kasano Sayuri , Yokote Ryoko , Yonezawa Mirei , Ouchi Nozomi , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Suzuki Shunji , Takeshita Toshiyuki
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Granulysin is a cytotoxic protein that simultaneously activates innate and cellular immunity. The authors aimed to evaluate whether granulysin is associated with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and whether heparin changes the granulysin levels.

Methods

A cohort study was performed with women with antiphospholipid antibody‐positive recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The authors examined granulysin levels under RPL and evaluated the changes in serum granulysin levels before and 1 week after the commencement of heparin treatment.

Results

Serum granulysin levels before heparin treatment were significantly higher in women who tested positive for one or more types of antiphospholipid antibodies (2.75 ± 1.03 vs. 2.44 ± 0.69, p = 0.0341 by Welch's t test), particularly anti‐phosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (IgG: 2.98 ± 1.09 vs. 2.51 ± 0.86, p = 0.0013; IgM: 2.85 ± 1.09 vs. 2.47 ± 0.77, p = 0.0024 by Welch's t test). After heparin treatment for 1 week, serum granulysin levels were significantly reduced (p = 0.0017 by the paired t test). The miscarriage rate was significantly higher in women whose serum granulysin levels were not reduced by heparin treatment (p = 0.0086 by Fisher's exact probability test).

Conclusion

The results suggest that heparin may reduce the incidence of miscarriage by suppressing serum granulysin levels.
Cytokine responses of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients with Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection
Authors: Wass Linda , Quarsten Hanne , Lindgren Per-Eric , Forsberg Pia , Skoog Elisabet , Nilsson Kenneth , Lingblom Christine , Wennerås Christine
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The tick-borne bacterium Neoehrlichia mikurensis causes the infectious disease neoehrlichiosis in humans. Vascular endothelium is one of the target cells of the infection. Neoehrlichiosis patients with compromised B cell immunity present with more severe inflammation than immunocompetent patients. The aim of this study was to compare the cytokine profiles of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with neoehrlichiosis.

Methods

Blood samples from Swedish and Norwegian immunosuppressed (N = 30) and immunocompetent (N = 16) patients with neoehrlichiosis were analyzed for the levels of 30 cytokines, using a multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. A gender-matched healthy control group (N = 14) was analyzed in parallel. Data were analyzed using the multivariate method OPLS-DA.

Results

The multiplex cytokine analyses generated more cytokine results than did the uniplex ELISA analyses. Multivariate analysis of the multiplex cytokine results established that increased levels of FGF2, GM-CSF, CXCL10, and IFN-γ were associated with immunosuppressed patients, whereas increased levels of IL-15 and VEGF were associated with immunocompetent neoehrlichiosis patients. When multivariate analysis findings were confirmed with uniplex ELISA, it was found that both groups of patients had similarly elevated levels of VEGF, FGF2 and IFN-γ. In contrast, the immunosuppressed patients had clearly elevated levels of CXCL10, CXCL13 and BAFF, whereas the immunocompetent patients had the same levels as healthy controls.

Conclusion

Pro-angiogenic and type 1 cytokines were produced as part of the host response of neoehrlichiosis independent of immune status, whereas immunosuppressed neoehrlichiosis patients produced cytokines required for B cell-mediated defense.
The Relationship Between Religious/Spiritual Beliefs and Subjective Well-Being: A Case-Based Comparative Cross-National Study
Authors: Pérez Sergio , Rohde Daniela
Published: April 2022

The most unique aspect of religiosity/spirituality (R/S), supernatural beliefs, and their relationship with SWB has hardly been examined. This study explores the relationship between six R/S supernatural beliefs and SWB, in a case-based comparative cross-national design including two religious and two secular nations. Data were obtained from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) Religion IV module from the religious countries of the USA (n = 1060) and Turkey (n = 1353) and the secular countries of Denmark (n = 1281) and Czech Republic (n = 1112). SWB was measured as happiness and self-rated health. Statistical analyses were performed using binary logistic regression models replicated across countries. Results indicated that the American sample showed no evidence of relationships between R/S and SWB outcomes capable of improving the model over demographic and service attendance covariates. In Turkey, some R/S beliefs were found to be statistically significantly related to SWB, with positive and negative associations with happiness. No associations were found in the secular countries. Findings were discussed in the light of previous research and interpreted from a terror management theory perspective.
Thought Crime and the Treason Act 1351
Authors: Hill Daniel J. , Whistler Daniel
Published: April 2022

Has there ever been a law criminalizing mental states in themselves? We show that there has been, and still is: the Treason Act 1351. We argue for what we call ‘the Mental Interpretation’ of the Act, over against the interpretation that it criminalizes a complex of a mental state and an ‘overt act’. We also provide authority for the stronger thesis that the overt act functions purely as evidence for the mental state. We discuss other laws in various jurisdictions that have historically criminalized mental states in themselves. We conclude by considering the objection that the European Convention on Human Rights rules out our interpretation.