bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface-Micropored Process on Properties of Q235 Steel
Authors: Zhang Yan Shuo , Cui Guo Dong , Chai Wu Qian , Nie Bing Xue
Published: July 2012

The Q235 steel sample was surface-micropored by multicomponent permeating at 923K for 2h, electroless nickel plating at 353K for 2h and sintering at 1223K for 1h. The surface morphology, microhardness distribution, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of samples were analyzed respectively by metallographic analysis, hardness test, tensile test and corrosion test. The result indicates that the surface-micropored process can enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the Q235 steel sample, while decrease its strength and plasticity at the same time.
Studies on Self-Assembly of Methoxy Polyethylene Oxide Propyl Trimethoxysilane on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Ma Wen Shi , Yang Fang , Deng Bang Jun , Sun Hai Yan , Lin Xiao Dan
Published: July 2012

A novel hydrophilic and self-assemble functional methoxy polyethylene oxide propyl trimethoxysilane was synthesized by hydrosilylation reaction using methoxy polyethylene oxide monoallyl ether and trimethoxysilane. The self-assembled layer of methoxy polyethylene oxide propyl trimethoxysilane was prepared by immersing hydroxylate silicon substrate in silane solution. The structure, morphology and hydrophilicity of self-assembled layer were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle method. The results show that methoxy polyethylene oxide propyl trimethoxysilane can self-assemble on the surface of hydroxylate silicon substrate. At concentration of 0.80 g/100 mL and the self-assembling time of 60 minutes, the self-assembled layer of methoxy polyethylene oxide propyl trimethoxysilane of average molecular weight of 682 shows a brush-like structure with each brush column size of 10~15 nm in diameter and 5~8 nm in height. The correspondence of the columns height with the average length of the silane molecules suggests that the layer obtained is monolayer and the brush columns are constituted by extended PEO molecular chain units in the silane. The distribution of columns is uniform and the root-mean-square（RMS） roughness of self-assembled monolayer is 0.98 nm. Water contact angle of the monolayer is 7.4°. A super-hydrophilic surface is obtained.
Study on UV Curing Reaction of Nopadiene
Authors: Sui Guan Hua , Lu Yan Ju , Zhao Zhen Dong , Bi Liang Wu , Chen Yu Xiang
Published: July 2012

Properties of cured product which polymerizd by nopadiene and factors of curing reaction were researched. Conversion rate of the double bond was characterized and detected by FT-IR analysis, and mechanical properties of cured films were detected, too. Results showed that conversion of double bond increased firstly and then remained basically stable with the increasing of the dosage of initiators, and increased with the increase of irradiation time. Surface drying time become shorter, that is, relative curing speed become faster with the increasing of the dosage of photo-initiators and irradiation intensity, and the decreasing of the lamp distance, and conversion rates of the double bonds were 91.5 % , while illumination time 360 s in dosage of 8 % of Irgacure 6512 to the substrate were used at lamp distance 4.5 cm with 100 % irradiation intensity, respectively. The obtained UV cured coating exhibited some superior properties in flexibility, impact strength, adhesive power, hardness, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, water resistance, and so on.
Influence of Sputtering Power and Substrate Temperature on Properties of Al2O3-Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Yu Ge , Liu Ya , Hong Dan Hong , Li Dong Lin , Zang Jian Xin
Published: July 2012

Aluminum oxide-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at various substrate temperatures and sputtering powers with pure argon flow. Their electrical and optical properties and microstructures were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, four-probe tester. The investigation indicates that the electrical and optical properties and microstructures of the AZO films are remarkably influenced by substrate temperature and sputtering power. With the sputtering power increasing from 60W to 180W, the diffraction peaks rise significantly, the resistivity decreases quickly and the visible transmission is all quite high. When the substrate temperature increases from 25°C to 400°C, the diffraction peaks rise first and lower then both quickly, the resistivity decreases first sharply and then very slowly, and the visible transmission is also high. The films deposited at the substrate temperature 300°C with the sputtering power 180W have low resistivity 1.2×10–3 Ω•cm and high transmittance 92% at the same time.
Surface Morphology Evolution of High Speed Steel Induced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Xiao Hui
Published: July 2012

Electron beam source was applied to investigate the effect of current, voltage and the number of pulse on surface morphology evolution of high speed steel. It has been revealed that the same trend of the morphology can be acquired by varying different parameters because energy is the main influencing factor. Material own defects and electron back-scattering are the primary reason for the formation of the craters as a result of the eruption of phase boundary. Through the following self- and re-melting repairing, the craters become shallow and the holes disappear. And the planar stress wave justified by the multi-loop craters is the root of the appearance of micro-cracks and cavities.
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Extrusion Profiles
Authors: Ma Jie , Yang Yuan Sheng , Wang Xiu Chun , Zhang Jing , Liu Shuo , Jiang Li Kun , Yi Xi Bin
Published: July 2012

Microarc oxidation coatings were prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy profiles. Oxidation time of the coatings was between 5min-10min. The phase structure, surface morphology and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated using SEM, XRD, copper sulfate spot test and polarization curve test. The results indicate: the main phase compositions of the microarc oxidation coatings are MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3; with increasing pulse voltage, the micropore diameter of the coating surface becomes larger, the micropore number reduces and the coating surface roughness increases; the corrosion current density of magnesium alloy reduces significantly after microarc oxidation treatment. The pulse voltage of microarc oxidation should be controlled between 240V-360V to obtain the best corrosion resistance.
Energy Storage of NiO/TiO2 Bilayer Films and its Effectiveness in the Degradation of Acid Orange 7
Authors: Buama Suphamongkol , Ngaotrakanwiwat Pailin , Rangsunvigit Pramoch
Published: July 2012

The concept of storing energy in TiO2when it was illuminated with light and using the catalyst when there was no light was tested for the first time. Ni(OH)2was incorporated into TiO2for the energy storage purpose. Ni(OH)2was subjected to three different temperatures (300 – 500°C) before the incorporation. NiO/TiO2bilayer films were prepared with spin-coating method. The films were tested for its electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties in 1 M NaOH. The NiO/TiO2 film prepared with Ni(OH)2calcined at 300°C showed energy storage potential. The catalysts were then investigated for their catalytic activity in the photocatalytic degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7). The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor containing 500 ml of 20 ppm AO7 and 0.2 g NiO/TiO2bilayer film. The reaction were carried out under UV illumination for 2 h before continuing without the illumination (dark condition) for another 2 h. NiO/TiO2showed photcatalytic properties even without illumination implying that the energy stored during the illumination drove the photocatalytic reaction.
The N-Th Canonical Roots of Matrices
Authors: Li Yuan Yuan
Published: July 2012

After a deep investigation on the nth canonical roots of matrices, we establish the key theorem concerning how to find the n-th canonical roots. Relationship between canonical roots of a complex matrix and its n-th roots is also investigated.. Existence of canonical roots is not true for arbitrary matrix. By investigating the extension rule, this paper introduces the concept of canonical roots and gives an algorithm determining the form of canonical roots.
Convergence of PD-Type Iterative Learning Control of Nonlinear Discrete Systems and its Robustness
Authors: Liu Chang Liang , Jia Wan Gen
Published: July 2012

Abstract: For the control problem of nonlinear discrete systems, this paper describes the status of current research and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of open-loop and closed-loop iterative learning controller. A class of nonlinear discrete systems will be extended to the general nonlinear discrete systems. To the general nonlinear discrete systems, a open-closed-loop PD-type iterative learning controller which based on current and last output error instead of last output error only is proposed. It makes use of information on system operation more fully and accurately. Besides, based on norm of λ and mathematical induction, its sufficient condition for convergence is given. In order to test its robustness, a simulation is done in the case of a persistent interference. Simulation results show that it is efficient.
Classification of UO2 Green Pellet Quality Using Intelligent Techniques
Authors: Sutarya Dede , Kusumoputro Benyamin
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Modern production facilities are large and highly complex, and they operate with numerous variables under closed loop control. In the production of green uranium pellets, pellet quality control involves many variables. Therefore, the classification of the quality of pellets is important for improving the efficiency of the production process. Classification of pellet quality using the conventional graphical method has some drawbacks; for example, the scale of the graph affects the accuracy and ease of use. In this paper, intelligent techniques are used to classify the quality of the pressurized water reactors(PWRs) green pellets into three categories according to the guidelines in the quality control manual of the experimental fuel elements laboratory of BATAN. Four features are used for classification, namely, height, volume, weight, density and theoretical density of the pellets. A dataset (150 observations) was collected from one lot of compacted UO2 pellets and was used for training and testing of an ANFIS model. Up to 86.27% of the data can be classified correctly using the ANFIS model. Such performance is comparable to that of artificial neural networks. Thus, this model can be applied effectively for the evaluation and classification of pellet quality.
Two Optimal Double Inequalities for Error Function
Authors: Xia Wei Feng
Published: July 2012

Let erf(x) be error function. Inspired by the inequality due to Alzer (2010), this paper obtain two optimal inequalities for the convex combination of error function.
CAD/CAE on the Frame of Vertical Type High-Pressure Grouting Machine
Authors: Huang Zhi Cheng
Published: July 2012

The frame of a type of 4MPa vertical high pressure grouting machine was taken as the research objec. The three-dimensional solid models of main parts of the frame were established by using Pro/E software and transmitted to ANSYS software via IGES format. The distributions of stress, strain and displacement were investigated under the maximum load, and based on this calculation, the improved method of structure design has been presented and the results provide the theoretical basiss for the structural improvement. The analysis results can provide a reference for design of the frame pares, and have some general engineering and practical value.
Improved on Control Method of Direct-Drive Wind Power Generation System
Authors: Gao Su Ling , Jia Tai Xuan , Lu Chuang
Published: July 2012

A simulating is researched on the wind power system based on the direct drive PM synchronous generator. It’s maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. According to the grey system, GM (1,1) model is used to predict the dynamic process of the complex system. When it arrives the maximum power point or so, the least square method is evaluated basing on the experimental data, then calculated the point. Finally the maximum relative error is given between the evaluatal value and experimental data. The results are testified the variable speed system’s good traits of capturing more power and system reliability.
Steady-State Simulation of the Strip-Flash Ethanol Fermentation Process
Authors: Liu Zhen , Chang Qing Hui
Published: July 2012

The conventional ethanol fermentaion is a typical inhibitory process, leading to low productivity and yield. A new ethanol fermentation process coupled with gas stripping and vacuum flash, named as strip-flash fermentation, is proposed. The process is provided with the advantages of both stripping fermentation and flash fermentation, and improves the ethanol productivity by increasing the in-situ ethanol removal. And a model of flash-strip fermentation process was established. The theoretically analyses indicate that increasing gas flux and liquid phase recycling ratio can help to enhance productivity and yield of strip-flash fermentation process, and comparison to striping fermentation or flash fermentation, flash-strip fermentation has shown a better productivity. The results has also shown the possibilities of further application and optimization of this process.
Investigation on Free-Wheel Hub for Starter Rotary Forming Process and Die Design Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Liang
Published: July 2012

Free-wheel hub plays an important role in automobile starter system, so there is higher quality requirement on geometry and precision. In order to improve the efficiency and comprehensive functions of the part, according to the features of the lower part with involute small module internal helical spline, the rotary forming technology was put forward, and the forming process was simulated by the DEFORM-3D software. In the die design, the use of rotary punch made the process of rotary forming achieved in common hydraulic press, and can serve as an important reference to the design of forming process and die structure of similar part.
Numeric Simulation of Three Dimensional Flow Field of Molten Steel in a Mould with High Efficiency Inner and Outer Couple Cooling
Authors: Cui Xiao Chao , Jin Yan Juan , Chen Yan Xia
Published: July 2012

A new technology of high efficiency concasting based on inner-outer couple cooling of molten steel in a mould has been advanced, that is to set an inner cooling apparatus, U shape pipes, in a mould. The flow status of molten steel in mould with inner cooling apparatus is analyzed by using fluid dynamics analysis software FLUENT, and compared with that without inner cooling apparatus. It is found that the inner U-shape cooling apparatus can make molten steel flow with a lower impact depth which is favourable to inclusion in steel floating up.
Simulation and Study on Texaco Gasification of Semi-Cokes Prepared by DG Coal Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Yuan Hui Feng , He De Min , Guan Jun , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: July 2012

Simulation and study on Texaco gasification of semi-cokes prepared by DG coal pyrolysis process has been carried out by using Aspen Plus. The possibility that pyrolytic semi-cokes is used as the raw materials is discussed. Sensitivity study runs are performed to analyze the effects of oxygen-to-char mass ratio, mass percentage of char in char water slurry and gasification pressure on the gasification process. Simulations indicate that molar percent content of effective components (CO+H2) reaches as high as 67.94% under operational conditions which oxygen-to-char mass ratio is 0.75; char water slurry concentration is 62.5% and gasification pressure is 4.0MPa. So semi-cokes made by DG coal pyrolysis process is the excellent raw materials for gasification. Sensitivity analysis show that oxygen-to-char mass ratio and mass percentage of char in char water slurry are the main factors that affect the gasification process; gasification pressure has little effect on the results of char gasification.
A Statistical Constitutive Model of Continuous Damage for Fragile Solid Material
Authors: Liao Hua Lin
Published: July 2012

Based on the probability distribution theory of rock micro-unit strength and taking the Mohr-Coulomb damage criterion as the distribution variable, the theoretical equations for the evolution of damage variables and the statistical constitutive model of rock damage in triaxis test were established. The arbitrary triaxis experimental data w ere used to calculate the parameters in the model by using curve fitting method and extreme value method. The calculated results of the model agree well with the experimental data. This constructive model can reflect effectively the deformation characteristics of rocks under loads and the constructive relation between elastic strain and stress of rock damage.
Finite Element Modelling of Composite Repair in Offshore Pipe Riser
Authors: Chan Park Hinn , Tshai Kim Yeow , Johnson Michael , Choo Hui Leng , Li Shuguang
Published: July 2012

The effects of coupled internal pressure and external tension on corroded offshore pipe riser repaired with a designated laminate orientation of carbon/epoxy (C/E) and E-glass/epoxy (EG/E) fibre reinforced composite (FRC) was evaluated. The steel riser (API 5L X60) was characterised through Ramberg-Osgood model while input data of the composites were extracted from those used as benchmark for analysis in the first world-wide failure exercise (WWFE) [1, 2]. It was found that the C/E composite provides superiority over the EG/E and laminates with a dedicated orientation is capable of enhancing the performance of risers subjected to the coupled loadings.
A CFD Simulation for Fluid Flow in a Spacer Filled Channel
Authors: Zhao Liang , Xu Song Lin
Published: July 2012

A pervaporation simulation was used to describe the fluid flow in a spacer filled channel for trichloroacetic acid (TCA) removal from water-TCA solution. The effects of spacers on enhancing fluid flow performance were examined. The CFD simulation results suggest that the presence of spacers causes velocity fluctuation, high shear stress and high pressure drop. This work also reports that the size, shape and location of spacers influence fluid flow performance remarkably.
Numerical Simulation of Spot Welding Galvanized Sheet with Insert Material
Authors: Shuai Ge Wang , Fang Ping , Guo Zheng Hua
Published: July 2012

In this paper, with the ANSYS, a 2D axisymmetric coupled thermo-electro-mechanical model was developed to analyze the spot welding process（RSW） of zinc coated steels with copper strips as an insert material between electrode and workpiece. A transient temperature field obtained from a prior performed thermal–electrical simulation of RSW process is applied as nodal load on the model to simulate the stress distribution. The temperature and stress distributions in such a welding process were obtained and compared with a conventional resistance spot welding process. The results show that using the same welding process parameters, the maximum transient temperature at the electrode surface is lower than the conventional RSW process due to the use of copper strips, which helps to extend electrode lifetime. In addition, the presence of inserted copper strip increased the resistance of welding system, thus generated much more heat to form larger nugget.
Simulation Research on Filtration of High Temperature Dusty Gas Based on Foam Ceramic Material
Authors: Feng Sheng Shan , Liu Qing Feng , Cao Jin Hong
Published: July 2012

The simulation test device of filtration for high temperature dusty gas was established based on rotating foam ceramic material. The influence of performance parameter of foam ceramic on collection efficiency, concentration of dust emission, dedusting precision and pressure loss were researched under room temperature condition. The results are shown as following: the smaller the aperture of foam ceramics is, the higher filter efficiency, the overall collection efficiency and filter precision are with lower emission concentration of dust and higher gas pressure loss of dedusting system; about 95% of dust particles which is one twenty-sixth more than the aperture of the filter can be filtered by foam ceramic; increasing the thickness is effective ways to improve the filter efficiency at the expense of much increasing gas filtering resistance of dedusting system; with the increasing of foam ceramic aperture-gradient, gas filtering resistance reduces remarkably at the expense of slight reduction of filter efficiency and a little increase of the concentration of dust emission.
Numerical Simulation of Oil- and Water-Sands Multiphase Flow in Gathered Pipes
Authors: Pan Yi Xin , Zhang Hong Bing , Xie Rong Hua , Liu Xing Bin
Published: July 2012

In the oil mining process, we need to hold flow characteristic for oil- and water-sands, with low-middle volume fraction of the particles in gathered pipes, in order to design logging tool and build interpretation methods for the producing profile. We built governing equations and boundary conditions for the oil- and water-sands based on the three-D k-ε-kp model. The simulation results indicate the sand volume fraction affects the sedimentation quantity and rate obviously. Multiphase flow in the gathered pipe is compartmentalized three sections: oil-water separation section, transition section and full mixing section from entrance to exit and multiphase flow meter need to place in the full mixing section. Sediment mainly settles to the bottom of gathered pipes umbrella in the condition of low flow rate and content of sediment, which has little impact on the internal instrument, but need to clear timely. With the increase of sediment volume and reduce of flow race, the time which multiphase flow in the gathered pipe reached a steady state was nonlinear growth.
The Simulation Analysis of the Forming Process of Polymer Microlens during Roll-to-Roll Hot Imprint Process
Authors: Liu Wen Long , Liu Ying , Wu Da Ming , Zheng Xiu Ting , Xu Hong
Published: July 2012

cess processed and become uniform when the microlens fully formed.The curvature radius is not only affected by the value of the surface tension but also influenced by the mould size as well as the column structure.Smaller mould size results in smaller curvature radius.The curvature radius will be decreased as the result of the formation of the column sturcture. At last,The influence of the main imprint process parameters on the forming process of the microlens was analysed.The polymer microlens was perfectly produced by using the non-contact method under proper processing conditions.
Loess Cave Dwellings’ Safety Factor Based on SRM
Authors: Niu Ji Shou , Yang Huan
Published: July 2012

The loess cave dwellings are very common along the Yellow River in China，which are really green building. This paper focus on the influence of cave leg’s width on the safety factor. Abaqus software and Strength Reduction Method are used. Results show that existing cave leg width is safe enough.
Modeling and Simulation of Freshwater Generator Subsystem of Low Speed Engine Room Simulator Based on Visual
Authors: Shang Qian Ming
Published: July 2012

3d models of the equipments of freshwater generator system are built according to the real ship. In support of a simulative sustainable system, a real-time variable database and mathematical models of the subsystem are set up. Then the precision of the models are proved to meet the demands by comparing the simulation results with the practical situation. The interfaces are available by making use of VC++6.0. Finally, the data connections between the math models and interfaces are established by means of the technology of network communications. The purpose of developing this simulation system is training, which offers students a chance to make a good knowledge of the structure and working principle of the freshwater generator subsystem.
Study on the Mechanism Model of Fracture Propagation Based on the Energy Theory
Authors: Zhao Wan Chun , Wang Ting Ting , Sun Chen Yan , Yang Cai Ping
Published: July 2012

In order to accurately describe the law of fracture propagation, the article, from the energy distribution, presents a new idea about establishing the criterion of crack propagation, explores the regulation of energy changes in the fracture propagation process and then obtains the relevant expression of driving force of fracture propagation. At the same time, it has put the criterion of crack propagation forward with the expression of driving force of fracture propagation, builds the calculation model of crack propagation rates. The calculating result is accurate and agrees well with practical ones
Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow around Rectangular and Semicircular Cross-Section Cylinder
Authors: Guo Wei Dong , Peng Wei Sen , Wang Li
Published: July 2012

In order to study the characteristics of flow around a side abutment, two model experiments of flow around rectangular and semicircular cross-section cylinder were conducted respectively, and an acoustic doppler velocimeter(ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components at vertical sections of two kinds of flow around the cylinder. Moreover, velocity vector, absolute velocity and turbulent kinetic energy were analyzed respectively at different vertical sections. The results reveal that: under the same conditions of upstream coming flow, the turbulence of the flow around a rectangular cross-section cylinder is strong ,and the maximum velocity are generated in the middle reaches of the cylinder near the side wall, The value of turbulent kinetic energy in the mainstream area is nearly zero. The flow around a semicircular cross-section cylinder is smooth, recirculation in the downstream is small, and the turbulence is weak.
Analysis of Coupled Lattice Boltzmann Model with Well-Balanced Scheme for Shallow Water Flow
Authors: Lan Zhi Cong , Huang Ping
Published: July 2012

The coupled lattice Boltzmann method (CLBM) is applied in investigating contamination transport in shallow water flows. Shallow water equations and advection-diffusion equation are both solved using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) on a D2Q9 square lattice and Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) term. For extending application of CLBM in shallow water flows, the well-balanced scheme is introduced to replace the source term. Three cases including dam break, 2D pure diffusion and complex tidal flow are calculated and analyzed. Dam break and 2D pure diffusion are prepared to validate the flow module and water quality module, respectively. Both the cases show satisfactory consistency between predicting results and analytical solutions. Since clear reproduction of the shock wave propagation and precise prediction of contamination transport are derived, LBM is proved to be the numerical method naturally conservative with acceptable computing error. Furthermore, complex tidal flow with irregular geometry and sinus-varied bathymetry is simulated by adopting the well-balanced treating on the source term. The velocity fields, water levels, and water quality are compared between the ebb tide and flood tide, the results of which are in excellent accordance with the physical laws during the process. Hence, it may demonstrate that improved by well-balanced scheme CLBM can be widely applicable in shallow water flow.
Design and Simulation of Ascending Curvilinear Micro Channel for Cancer Cell Separation from Blood
Authors: Wewala W.A.H.S.S , Afzulpurkar Nitin , Kasi Jafar Khan , Kasi Ajab Khan , Poyai Amporn , Bodhale Dhananjay W.
Published: July 2012

Cancer is one of the leading causes for human death. However, if cancer cells are identified at initial stage, patient treatment will be low cost and successful. This research presents the design and simulation of ascending curvilinear micro channel for separation of particles resembling cancer cells. The separation system is designed and simulated by using inertia focusing cell separation technique. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) design and simulation of ascending micro channel for cell separation using inertial focusing technique is used for separation. The simulation was carried in two stages; for focusing and separation. The mixture flow velocities were 0.105 m/s, 115 m/s and 125 m/s, and with Reynolds number Re = 8.5, 9.25 and 10.06. The ascending curvilinear channel design demonstrated favorable focusing, and separation. 100% purity and 100 % efficiency for separation of 15 µm particles was achieved at Re = 8.50 and maximum output/input ratio at velocity 0.105m/s. Cancer cells are also of size about 15 µm and the our proposed micro channel is a good candidate for cancer cells separation from blood.
The Nonlinear Static Formulation of Variable Cross-Section Beam Element Based on Positional Description
Authors: Ma Lv Zhou , Liu Jian , Diao Xun Lin , Yan Yu Qin
Published: July 2012

Based on positional FEM (finite element method), the nonlinear static formulation to treat large deflection of variable cross-section beam element is created by using the lowest potential energy theory. Adopting linear constitutive relation for hyper-elastic materials, the formulation and the solution procedure by Newton-Raphson iteration method are very simple.
Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow Field in a Stirred Tank with a Rushton Impeller or a Pitch 4-Bladed Turbine
Authors: Fan Jun Ling , Luan De Yu
Published: July 2012

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was applied to the study of flow field in the agitation of glycerin fluid with a Rushton impeller and a pitch 4-bladed turbine. The flow was modeled as laminar and a multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was used to solve the discretized equations of motion. The velocity profiles predicted by the simulation with four different impellers rotating at constant speed of 200r/min were obtained. By analysis to their axial, radial and tangent velocity vector plots, velocity contours and velocity distribution curves, it was found that the stirred effect of the Rushton impeller was better than one of the pitch 4-bladed turbines，however，accompanied with high power consumption according to the calculated values of required power. Moreover, there were all similar flow characteristics for the pitch 4-bladed turbines with different blade pitch angle. The research provided a theoretical basis for the design and practical application of the stirred tank under laminar flow.
Solution of Gas Explosion Load and Simulation of Dynamic Response of Multilayer Structures
Authors: Liu Hua Dong , Wang Wei Qiang
Published: July 2012

Chemical explosion may occur in urea reactor. The explosion load and the dynamic response of the multilayer structure are analyzed. Based on Russel model, the maximum explosion loads were calculated by thermodynamic methods. Dynamic response was simulated by Ls-dyna software. The result shows that the explosion pressure is smaller than the burst pressure; the stress distribution along the radial direction and the effective stress history are obtained and they both show some new features. The results may offer some reference significance for similar structure strength design and safe protection.
The Damage Mechanics Model of the Sidewall Rock under the Effect of Shear Stress
Authors: Zhao Wan Chun , Wang Ting Ting , Sun Chen Yan , Yang Cai Ping
Published: July 2012

In order to describe the effect of shear stress on the sidewall rock mechanic distribution accurately, in this paper, we have established the micro unit stress equilibrium equation for failure zone and damage zone of the sidewall rock based on damage mechanical mechanism. Establishing the model for calculating radial stress, circumferential stress and shear stress of the sidewall rock considering the shear stress. We have obtained the scope of failure zone and damage zone of the sidewall rock by using central difference method. The result shows that the calculated result considering the shear stress is fit to the actual one
An Integrated Model for the Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Raminfar Reza , Norzima Zulkifli , Vasili Mohammadreza , Tang Sai Hong
Published: July 2012

Cellular manufacturing (CM) is a production approach directed towards reducing costs, as well as increasing system's flexibility in today's small-to-medium lot production environment. Many structural and operational issues should be considered for a successful CM design and implementation; such as cell formation (CF), production planning, group layout (GL), resource allocation and scheduling. Most researchers have addressed these issues sequentially or independently, instead of jointly optimizing a combination of these issues. In order to attain better results to ensure that the system will be capable of remaining efficient in unknown future situations, these issues should be addressed simultaneously. In this paper possibility of developing a comprehensive mathematical model which considers these issues is discussed.
Cyanotype Technology Research and Practice
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: July 2012

This paper based on the Cyanotype printing process as the main line, explore the application value of traditional technology in the modern photography, and also giving constructive suggestions for the modern photography skill teaching .
A Study of the Relationship between the Ease Allowances of the Knitted Underwear and the Clothing Pressure
Authors: Xia Lei , Yin Lin , Jiang Yue Jin
Published: July 2012

At first, one piece of knitted underwear using one weft-knitted fabric containing 100% cotton was made for test, and secondly, fifteen healthy female were chosen for 3D body scan, subjective evaluation and objective pressure test were made at 21±2°C and humidity of 48±10%. The main body part data and the pressure test data were measured and recorded. Through analyzing all data, the relationship between the ease allowances on the breast, back and waist and the clothing pressure impacting on these body parts is obviously close. The monism linear equations between the ease allowances of these parts and the clothing pressure are obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Mei , Li Wen Guang , Liu Ying Kai , Yao Jin Shui
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Polypyrrole (PPy)-coated Cu nanocomposites were synthesized in aqueous solution at ambient temperature by situ polymerization of pyrrole. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles had been studied by scanning and transmission electronic microscopes (TEM), X-ray diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results indicated the nanocomposites were core-shell structure. The electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was 0.0413 S/cm measured by four-probe technique.
Investigation of Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Polyamide 6/ZnO and Polyamide 6/Al2O3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Xiu Hong , Kretzschmar Bernd , Janke Andreas , Häussler Liane , Schneider Konrad , Stamm Manfred
Published: July 2012

In this work we investigate mechanical properties and structure of PA6/ZnO and PA6/Al2O3 nanocomposites to understand the effect of different nanoparticles on the polymer matrix. Mechanical experiment results show that the mechanical reinforcement effect after loading ZnO nanoparticles is better than that of loading Al2O3 nanoparticles. At 10% ZnO loading, the elastic modulus increases to about two times of that of pure PA6, and the yield stress increases about 30%. And the elongation at break has no obvious decrease even at high ZnO loading. In order to understand the reason of better mechanical reinforcement after incorporating ZnO nanoparticles, microstructure and crystallization behavior of the samples were investigated. The results indicate that the better reinforcement of mechanical properties after loading ZnO was attributed to enhanced interfacial adhesion between ZnO nanoparticles and PA6 matrix at high ZnO content.
Research of Preparation Process of Amorphous Composite Phase Change Material by Orthogonal Test Method
Authors: Wei Feng Lan , Zhao Xiang , Liu E , Li Chun Long , Mao Zhe
Published: July 2012

To prepare shape-stabilized phase change material applicable in digester insulation, firstly to prepare composite phase change material by sol-gel method. Shape material was obtained by sol-gel with TEOS, in which phase change material was lauric acid/cetyl alcohol binary eutectic phase change materials. T he result s showed that the descending order of the influencing factors: ester-PCM ratio, ester -water ratio, pH, the react ion temperature, aging temperature. The best technology is: the ester -water ratio1:8, ester-PCM ratio1:2.3, pH3, aging temperature 85°C, the react ion temperature 60°C. When composite phase change material was prepared with the best technology, phase transition temperature of composite phase change material is 34°C, phase change enthalpy can reach 122.4J/g when the mass fraction of phase change material is 64%.
Manufacturing and Functions of Bamboo Charcoal/Stainless Steel Composite Fabric
Authors: Chen An Pang , Hwang Po Wen , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2012

In this study, the covered yarn, composed of stainless steel wires as the core and bamboo charcoal roving as the sheath, is made on a ring spinning machine and then knitted into bamboo charcoal/stainless steel fabric by an automatic 14-gauge horizontal knitting machine. According to the test results, both far infrared emissivity and the anion count of bamboo charcoal/stainless steel fabric increase with an increase in bamboo charcoal content.
Preliminary Study of Polypropylene/Coir/Carbon Black Conductive Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Yang Ruey Bin , Lin Ching Wen , Huang Chien Lin , Fan Chia Chi , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2012

Our living environment is full of diverse electronic products, making conductive polymer a popular subject for researchers. Insulating polypropylene (PP) can be improved in terms of conductivity by intermingling with electroconductive materials. Carbon black and carbon fiber are two materials that can supplement electroconductive and mechanical properties in insulating polymer materials. In this study, natural coir is first alkali-treated and then melt-blended with PP and carbon black, forming the composite. The resulting composite is tested in terms of its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties. According to the results, when the amount of carbon black is 12 wt% and coir 3 wt%, the composite displays the optimum electromagnetic shielding of -23.56 dB, tensile strength of 37.07 MPa, and flexural strength of 47.21 MPa.
The Effect of Fillers on Chrome-Based Wave-Transparent Material Matrix
Authors: Liu Zheng Hai , Huo Ji Chuan , Wang Hai Bin , Lei Hong , Lei Yong Lin
Published: July 2012

Phosphate of chrome-alumina (PCA) matrix composites were successfully prepared via thermoforming by using chrome-aluminum phosphate as adhesive, ZnO as curing agent and single component or combination of Al2O3, SiO2, SiC and Si3N4as fillers. We have studied the effect of different fillers on the mechanical properties, dielectric properties and moisture absorption rate of composite materials. Results show that, for the PCA-III system, when curing temperature is 180°C, the dielectric properties of materials are the best and the moisture absorption rate is the minimum; When the amount of filler is 35%, the mechanical properties of PCA-III system are the best (i.e. the tensile strength is 94.4MPa and the flexural strength is 134.7MPa).
Carbonyl Iron/Graphite Double-Layer Structural Absorbing Composite
Authors: Deng Jing Lan , Feng Bing
Published: July 2012

A study of a new structured composite absorbing material, prepared using carbonyl iron and graphite as absorbers within a resin matrix. The study investigated the effects of varying the concentration of absorbing agent within the layers of the absorbing composite. Results show that the best absorbency was achieved when the impedance-matching layer contained 20% carbonyl iron content and the absorbing layer contained 35% graphite. The peak absorption was -20.19 dB, with a bandwidth of 7.3GHz (R< -10 dB) in the frequency range of 8 to 18 GHz. This work will certainly have significance guiding research on the application of stealth materials and composite materials.
Research on the Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Mica Composite Powder in the Epoxy Resin
Authors: Zhu Huan Qin , Sun Yuan Bao , Qiu Zhen Hui
Published: July 2012

The conductivity and dispersing of carbon nanotube/mica composite powder in the epoxy resin are researched. The pictures of SEM and TEM indicated that the diameter, content of carbon nanotube, dispersing and the diluted solvent have important influence on the conductivity of resin. The carbon nanotube/mica composite powder can make the epoxy resin have a lower volume and surface resistivity less than 1010Ω.cm.
Catalytic Hydroxyl Radical Generation by CuO Confined in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shi Fa Min , Wang Lei , Shi Si Mo , Zhang Han Fei , Dong Chang Qing , Qin Wu
Published: July 2012

A DFT study of the catalytic properties of CuO/CNT and CuO@CNT complexes for the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has been performed. We illustrated the atomistic details of CuO/CNT and CuO@CNT with a quantitative and qualitative discussion within such an electronic structure characteristics. Ozone was catalytically decomposed into an atomic oxygen species and oxygen molecule on both the surface inner and outer CuO@CNT complex, while ozone can only decompose over CuO on the outer surface of CuO/CNT, with partial electrons transfer from CuO/CNT and CuO@CNT complexes to the adsorbate. Then the atomic oxygen reacted with the water molecule to form two hydroxyl groups on the surface, promoting the reaction chain for the generation of•OH which, in turn, lead to an increase in the catalytic ozonation efficiency. Results show synergetic confinement effect of metal oxide nanoparticles inside CNT could also lead to an acceleration of ozone decomposition and the generation of •OH on the inner and outer surface of carbon-nanotube containing catalytic particles.
The Microcapsules Production by Supercritical Fluid Impinging Technology Combines with Fluidized Bed
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Zhi Yi , Liu Feng Xia , Ding Zhao Hong , Liu Zhi Jun
Published: July 2012

The supercritical fluid impinging technology combined with fluidized bed (SFIT-FB) process is a novel technique to prepare microcapsules. The process was performed using ultra-fine glass beads as the core particle and paraffin the coating material. The influences of operation parameters, including the pressure and the temperature of mixing vessel and the impinging distance on the microcapsule morphology, size distribution and coating rate were investigated. The microcapsule characteristics could be controlled by adjusting the operation conditions. A number of techniques were used for the characterisation of the microcapsules. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of particle surface. A laser particle size analyzer (LPSA) was used to measure the particle size distribution, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements were conducted to determine the apparent coating rates of microcapsules. The advantages of SFIT lies in enhancing the mass transfer and heat transfer, which prevent particles agglomeration.
Effect of Mechanical Stresses on Coercive Force and Saturation Remanence of Ensemble of Dual-Phase Interacting Nanoparticles
Authors: Afremov Leonid , Kirienko Yury
Published: July 2012

In the dual-phase model of interacting nanoparticles stretching leads to a decrease in both coercive force Hc and saturation remanence Irs , and compression — to their growth. Magnetostatic interaction between particles also decreases both Hc and Irs . Theoretical analysis was carried out in the framework of the dual-phase system of interacting particles on the example of nanoparticles γ-Fe2 O3, epitaxially coated with cobalt.
Study on Ni Nanowires Prepared in AAO Template
Authors: Lin Hong Yan , Wang Chun Cai , Sun Bing
Published: July 2012

Order nanopore arrays were made by a two-step anodization process. The effect of temperature on the order of nanopore arrays was studied. The result shows that the order is bad when the temperature is too high or too low. Then deposit Ni nanowire arrays in nanopores of AAO templates by direct current deposition. Nanowires deposited in AAO template have uniform length and thickness and the shape of nanowires is the same with that of nanopores. And the growth of the nanowires is from the bottom of the nanopores. Finally, the effect of pore diameter on activation energy of nickel deposited in nanopores was studied. The results show that the smaller the pore diameter the smaller the reaction activation energy, that is more conducive to the reaction.
A Progress in Gold Nanoparticles: Adsorption Behavior
Authors: Ban Da Ming , Liu Ze Quan , Min Yang
Published: July 2012

This perspective reviews recent developments in the adsorption behavior and the adsorption kinetics of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs),with emphasis on papers initiating the developments and with an eye to their consequences. The aspect adsorption behavior of organic molecules on AuNPs have included the adsorption pattern of thionine, 1,4-PDI , 4-Methoxypyr-idine, 1,2,3-triazole and SH-PEG5K and the influence of adsorption. The aspect adsorption characteristics of biomolecules on AuNPs have included the adsorption kinetics of single-stranded DNA and proteins on the AuNPs. The last key aspect adsorption AuNPs on self-assembled monolayers have included the adsorption kinetics of AuNPs on different SAMs and semiconductor crystals.
Tribological Properties of PTFE Nanocomposites Filled with Alumina Nanoparticles
Authors: Niu Yong Ping , Li Sa , Zhang Jun Kai , Cai Li Hua , Zhang Yong Zhen
Published: July 2012

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposites filled with alumina nanoparticles were prepared by compression molding and follow-up sintering. The tribological behaviors of PTFE nanocomposites sliding against GCr15 steel were evaluated using ball-on-disk tribology test rig. The worn surfaces of the unfilled and filled PTFE nanocomposite were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear behavior of the PTFE nanocomposites was explained in terms of the topography of worn surfaces. It was found that the addition of alumina nanoparticles was effective in enhancing the wear resistance of the PTFE nanocomposite.
Solvthermal Synthesis of CeO2 Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Liu Yi , Zeng Yu Ping
Published: July 2012

CeO2hollow nanospheres with average diameter of 500 nm have been fabricated through a template-assisted approach at 200 °C. A possible formation mechanism has been briefly discussed.
Microstructure and Tensile Property of NiAl-Cr Alloyed with Zr
Authors: Qi Yi Hui , Guo Jian Ting
Published: July 2012

The microstructure of as-cast NiAl-33.5Cr-0.5Zr alloy is the eutectic colonies of NiAl and Cr phase with non-continuous Heusler (Ni2AlZr) phase segregating at the cell boundaries. After hot isostatic press (HIP) processing at 1573K, 100MPa for 2h, the Ni2AlZr phase changes into Zr-rich phase. The elevated temperature tensile strength and elongation of the HIP-ed alloy are much higher than those of as-cast alloy. It was noted that this alloy either as-cast or HIP processing exhibits a brittle to ductile transition behavior, which is difference between as-cast and HIP-ed alloy. HIP processing decreases the BDTT of the alloy, especially in high strain rates, and lower the range of BDTT. When the strain rate increases by two orders of magnitude, the BDTT has an approximate increase from150K for as-cast alloy to 100K for HIP-ed alloy. The mechanism responsible for elevated temperature deformation has also been discussed.