bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventario florístico de los cerros La Cantera y Delgado, Jantetelco, Morelos, México
Authors: Cerros Tlatilpa Rosa , Ceja-Romero Jacqueline , Mendoza-Ruiz Aniceto , Flores-Morales Alejandro , Jaramillo-Sánchez Mayo
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: A pesar del intenso trabajo florístico y taxonómico que se ha realizado en el estado de Morelos, aún hay áreas poco exploradas. En este estudio se presenta el inventario florístico de las plantas vasculares que crecen en los cerros La Cantera y Delgado, localizados dentro de la zona arqueológica de Chalcatzingo, municipio Jantetelco, Morelos, México.
Métodos: Para la realización del trabajo, durante los años 2014 a 2017 se hicieron salidas de campo para recolectar ejemplares fértiles, los cuales fueron secados y posteriormente identificados con claves especializadas. La determinación taxonómica se verificó con material de herbario, y en algunos casos fue confirmada por especialistas.
Resultados clave: En total se registraron 85 familias, 285 géneros, 434 especies con 27 categorías infraespecíficas de plantas vasculares. Las eudicotiledóneas fueron el grupo más diverso con 66 familias, 210 géneros y 305 especies, seguidas por las monocotiledóneas con diez familias, 57 géneros y 100 especies, las pteridofitas con ocho familias, 15 géneros y 25 especies y las magnoliides con tres familias, tres géneros y cuatro especies. También se reportan nueve nuevos registros a nivel específico para el estado.
Conclusiones: La zona de estudio alberga 42.7% de las familias, 26.6% de los géneros y 12.4% de las especies registradas hasta el momento para Morelos, lo que confirma la importancia no solo cultural, sino también biológica del sitio, y pone de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar con la exploración botánica en esta parte de Morelos.
Longitudinal Risk Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients using Temporal-Enhanced Gradient Boosting Machine: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Xing , Waitman Lemuel Russ , Yu Alan SL , Robbins David C , Hu Yong , Liu Mei
Published: October 2019

Background

Artificial intelligence–enabled electronic health record (EHR) analysis can revolutionize medical practice from diagnosis and prediction of complex diseases to making recommendations in patient care, especially for chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.

Objective

Longitudinal prediction of health outcome requires effective representation of temporal data in EHR. In this study, we proposed a novel temporal-enhanced gradient boosting machine (GBM) model that dynamically updates and ensembles learners based on new events in patient timelines to improve the prediction accuracy of CKD among patients with diabetes.

Methods

Using a broad spectrum of deidentified EHR data on a retrospective cohort of 14,039 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and GBM as the base learner, we validated our proposed Landmark-Boosting model against three state-of-the-art temporal models for rolling predictions of 1-year CKD risk.

Results

The proposed model uniformly outperformed other models, achieving an area under receiver operating curve of 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.85), 0.78 (95% CI 0.75-0.82), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.78-0.86) in predicting CKD risk with automatic accumulation of new data in later years (years 2, 3, and 4 since diabetes mellitus onset, respectively). The Landmark-Boosting model also maintained the best calibration across moderate- and high-risk groups and over time. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed temporal model can not only accurately predict 1-year CKD risk but also improve performance over time with additionally accumulated data, which is essential for clinical use to improve renal management of patients with diabetes.

Conclusions

Incorporation of temporal information in EHR data can significantly improve predictive model performance and will particularly benefit patients who follow-up with their physicians as recommended.
An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels (Preprint)
Authors: Musk Elon ,   Neuralink
Published: October 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) hold promise for the restoration of sensory and motor function and the treatment of neurological disorders, but clinical BMIs have not yet been widely adopted, in part, because modest channel counts have limited their potential. In this white paper, we describe Neuralink’s first steps toward a scalable high-bandwidth BMI system. We have built arrays of small and flexible electrode “threads,” with as many as 3072 electrodes per array distributed across 96 threads. We have also built a neurosurgical robot capable of inserting six threads (192 electrodes) per minute. Each thread can be individually inserted into the brain with micron precision for avoidance of surface vasculature and targeting specific brain regions. The electrode array is packaged into a small implantable device that contains custom chips for low-power on-board amplification and digitization: The package for 3072 channels occupies less than 23×18.5×2 mm3. A single USB-C cable provides full-bandwidth data streaming from the device, recording from all channels simultaneously. This system has achieved a spiking yield of up to 70% in chronically implanted electrodes. Neuralink’s approach to BMI has unprecedented packaging density and scalability in a clinically relevant package.
An Introduction to the Book of Axiomatization of Subjective Dialectics
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

An brief introduction to contents of the book Axiomatization of Subjective Dialectics by Prof. Zhiyong Dong and the significant to study subjective dialectics at present.
On the Concepts of Human Individual Practice and Human Collective Practice
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

This article gives Prof. Zhiyong Dong’s own definitions on the Human Individual Practice and Human Collective Practice.
On Concept of Concept
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

It gives Prof. Zhiyong Dong’s own definition of the concept of concept.
EVALUATION OF ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA ANTI-PSORIATIC FORMULATION PANCHAMUGA CHENDHURAM USING CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTE CELL LINES
Authors: RAJALAKSHMI S  , RAMYA VT  , SAMRAJ K
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study was aimed at scientifically evaluating the in vitro antipsoriatic activity of Siddha drug Panchamuga Chendhuram (PMC) in human keratinocyte (HacaT) cell lines.

Methods: The Siddha drug PMC tested for antipsoriatic activity on HacaT cell lines was morphologically examined by phase contrast microscopy, and the cell viability was determined by 3- (4, 5 dimethyl thiazole-2 yl) -2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. About 100 μl of different concentrations (2, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 μg/ml) of the test samples were prepared in the cell culture medium and incubated for 24 h and 48 h to determine the viable cells.

Results: The results revealed that Siddha drug PMC showed hopeful antiproliferative activity. In vitro studies showed that after 24 h and 48 h incubation, the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of PMC (IC50 20 μg/ml) were 72.08±27.56 μg/ml and 43.91±17.71 μg/ml, respectively, as compared with Asiaticoside as a positive control with an IC50 value of 20.13 μg/ml.

Conclusion: Thus, this study provides scientific evidence about the efficacy of the Siddha drug PMC against the HacaT cell lines confirming its traditional use in psoriasis treatment and also emphasizes the need for antipsoriatic evaluation in animal models.
The IN VITRO STUDY OF APOPTOSIS INDUCTION BY L-ASPARAGINASE OF ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS (ASPF-6) ON HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELL LINES
Authors: VIPINA R  , VIJAYA CHITRA A
Published: October 2019

Objective: L-Asparaginase is a relatively widespread enzyme used in the lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy. In the present investigation, we report new potential fungal L-asparaginase producer Aspergillus fumigatus from Kadalundi mangrove forest, Kerala. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing the effect of extracted enzyme and its ability to induce apoptosis against human leukemia cell lines-HL-60.

Methods: The fungal strain was isolated by serial dilution method from rhizosphere soil of mangrove forest. The isolated enzyme purified by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography. To determine cytotoxicity and level of apoptosis, three different tests were performed: (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, JC-1 flow cytometry, and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometric DNA fragmentation. The test compound efficiency compared with positive drug doxorubicin against HL-60 cell lines.

Results: The test compound exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on proliferation of HL-60 cell lines (IC-50 12.39 U) with a different level of apoptosis induction (LR-11.3%).

Conclusion: A. fumigatus derived L-asparaginase may be clinically useful and results in better utilization for limited fungal-derived drug resources and improve financial feasibility as a therapeutic option for human leukemia.
The TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS SKIN SAMPLES
Authors: NEHA  , BHARTI MITTU  , ZARINA BEGUM  , HARJOT PAL KAUR
Published: October 2019

Objective: The study was carried out to check the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: In this study for the isolation of strain, skin swabs from different parts of the body were taken aseptically with the set protocol. The sensitivity patterns of S. aureus were explored with different antibiotics for the treatment of S. aureus infections. We have studied the susceptibility pattern of various antibiotics including present all line therapies and other antibiotics using disk-diffusion method.

Results: It has been found that bacteria show the highest sensitivity toward third-line antibiotic tetracycline, trimethoprim, and minocycline. The different concentrations of these antibiotics were used to check the minimum inhibitory concentration and found to be effective even at the lower concentration of 0.01 mcg/disc. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antibiotic has been calculated to find the most effective antibiotic at low concentration. The isolates are found to be highly resistant toward ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime.

Conclusion: The research concluded that the bacteria S. aureus are found to be more sensitive for chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and trimethoprim in first-line antibiotics, second-line antibiotics, and third-line antibiotics, respectively.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST ACETIC ACID-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS
Authors: LALITA NAGDA  , CHANDRA PRAKASH JOSHI  , JYOTI MENARIA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study deals with the study of antiulcer activity of Abrus precatorius leaf extract in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers was studied in rats.

Methods: In the present study, A. precatorius leaf extract was carried out in antiulcer activity against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. A. precatorius at doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 10 days.

Results: It was found that extract significantly reduced ulcer index. The plant leaves made gastric anti-secretory effect by decreasing gastric volume and acidity. Then, gastric mucin was increased, which showed gastric cytoprotective effect. The plant showed the prevention effect of increased lipid peroxidation during ulceration by acetic acid. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes were enhanced during ulceration by this plant leaves.

Conclusion: Leaves of A. precatorius Linn. could decrease acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats and this antiulcerogenic activity was mediated through antioxidant defense mechanism.
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE POTENTIATES THE CONTRACTION OF THE VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE OF DUODENUM BY AUGMENTING THE ACTIVITY OF INTRINSIC CHOLINERGIC EFFERENTS, INDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROLIFERATING SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Authors: SURAIYA PARVIN  , PARTHA PRATIM NATH  , MOUSUMI DUTTA  , MUKTI MONDAL  , ASHMA KHATUN  , SANGHAMITRA PAL  , MAHUA GUHA ROY  , GOUTAM PAUL
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the contraction of visceral smooth muscle (VSM) of the duodenum in a rat model to understand the MSG-induced impairment of the function of the small intestine.

Methods: Male albino rats of Charles Foster strain were exposed with MSG at three different dosages (632, 1264, and 2528 mg/kg BW/day) for 30-day duration. The records of the contraction of the duodenum were achieved with isotonic transducer (IT-2245) coupled with RMS-Polyrite D by our standard laboratory protocol.

Results: We have observed potentiation of contraction of duodenum ex vivo dose-dependently in MSG exposed groups of rats compared to control. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in VSM tissue homogenate and expression of AChE protein in fixed duodenal muscle cell layers have been decreased in a dosage response manner comparing to control rats. We have found a significant decrease in the activities of some antioxidant enzymes such as Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase, and increase in the level of malondialdehyde in MSG exposed VSM tissue homogenate of the duodenum. We have also observed thickening of muscularis externa layer and increase in the number of muscle cells in circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the duodenal wall in transverse duodenal wall sections stained with eosin-hematoxylin.

Conclusion: MSG potentiates the contraction of VSM of duodenum by augmenting the activity of intrinsic cholinergic efferents predominantly, and inducing oxidative stress and proliferating smooth muscle cells.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF KRUPPEL LIKE FACTORS 6 AND ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT STUDY OF CINNAMIC ACID - AN IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: JEMMY CHRISTY H  , SWETHA V
Published: October 2019

Objective: Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is the significant member of a DNA binding proteins which mainly involved in the transcriptional regulation as well various promising cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, cytokine signal-based inflammatory responses, and pluripotency activity of cells. Our computational studies involve KLF6 differential expression in breast cancer tissues based on web resources such as Oncomine and cBioportal.

Methods: Oncomine and TCGA data-based CBioportal were the databases used to explore the KLF6 expression, and KLF6 was underexpressed in many of the breast cancer tissues than normal breast tissues. Major breast cancer datasets such as Curtis and TCGA supported the clinical-pathological role of KLF6, mutational frequencies. Further prognosis analysis was carried out using Survexpress and it revealed the survival rate and risk group categorization. Thus, KLF6 was considered as a therapeutic target and natural compound cinnamic acid antagonistic efficacy was analyzed based on molecular docking and simulation studies.

Results: Systematic analysis of KLF6 gene expression in breast cancer would be helpful in exploring aspects of KLF6 as the potential drug target as well as prognostic disease marker identification. Molecular docking and dynamic study were carried out to evaluate the intermolecular interaction between the cinnamic acid and KLF6 and the docked complex stability after 5ns.

Conclusion: Thus, the computational study demonstrated the cinnamic acid role as an anticancer compound to combat the overexpression of KLF6 to combat cancer. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies need to be carried out to know the insights of antagonistic effect.
NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: THE FRONTIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: KARNATI V CHANDANA  , N. VISHAL GUPTA  , SANDEEP KANNA
Published: October 2019

By the modification of solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), the nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) were obtained by the modification of nanostructured that hold the qualities of the SLN, increases the stability of the drug, and prevents drug leakage. The limitations of the drugs that are delivered in the body using different routes are poor solvency, first pass metabolism, and poor bioavailability hence to overcome these limitations NLCs were prepared. Oral, topical, transdermal, ocular, and parenteral are the different routes through which nanobased systems are delivered. Spatially incompatible liquid lipids and solid lipids are blended and NLCs were prepared. It stays solid at room temperature. The advantages of for drug therapy over conventional carriers NLCs are increased solubility, improved bioavailability. This review describes about the NLC, its advantages and disadvantages, types, NLC techniques, mode of action, and applications of NLC. Imperfect, amorphous, and multiple types are the main three types of NLCs. Lipids, liquid lipids, solid lipids, Emulsifiers, ultraviolet (UV) blockers, and aqueous medium were the excipients used. Microemulsion technique, microemulsion based SLN/NLC preparations, solvent diffusion method, high-pressure homogenization (HPH), hot and cold homogenization techniques, and melt emulsification method are the techniques used for the preparation of NLC. The applications of NLCs are for ocular, brain targeting, topical, cancer therapy, cosmetics, and analgesia.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STANDARDIZATION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FINGERPRINT OF ROOTS OF ANTHOCEPHALUS CADAMBA
Authors: KAVERIPAKAM SAISRUTHI  , ADIKAY SREEDEVI
Published: October 2019

Objective: Anthocephalus cadamba is a traditional medicinal plant which is valued for its benefits in the management of various ailments. The current study was aimed to provide requisite pharmacognostic details and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile for the roots of A. cadamba.

Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation included examination of morphological and microscopic characters, physicochemical analysis, fluorescence study, preliminary phytochemical analysis, and HPTLC fingerprint.

Results: The microscopic studies showed the presence of thick periderm, cortical zone, secondary phloem, and secondary xylem. Microscopic examination of root powder showed abundant fibers and vessel elements. The physicochemical analysis of root powder helped in the assessment of quality control parameters. Fluorescence analysis of root powder imparted characteristic colors on the treatment of the powder with different reagents. Preliminary phytochemical studies reported the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. The developed qualitative densitometric HPTLC fingerprint can be used as an identifying biochemical marker for ethanol extract of the roots of A. cadamba.

Conclusion: The present study provides the information with respect to identification and authentication of crude drug and serves as a reference point for the proper identification of roots of this medicinal plant, thereby contributing to the scientific world of research.
MOLECULAR DOCKING OF HYRTIMOMINE A-K FROM MARINE SPONGE HYRTIOS SPP. AS ANTICANCER TARGET OF PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT KINASE 1
Authors: RAMA ADIGA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The hyrtimomine A-K class of indole-based compounds extracted from Hyrtios spp. of sponges from the sea has not been studied for their anticancer properties. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is a master regulator of many types of cancer. Compounds currently targeting PDK1 are currently of poor specificity and solubility. Hence, molecular docking to look for new compounds inhibiting PDK1 from the marine environment was carried out.

Methods: Target selection for ligands hyrtimomine A-K was done using PharmMapper tool. Molecular docking was done using iGEMDOCK 2.1, a generic evolutionary method of docking. Site moiety mapping was done in SimMap to extract the anchor preference of the top hits. Comparison of ligand binding energies, pharmacokinetic properties with lead compound BX-517 was carried out.

Results: Hyrtimomine B, C, D, and G were top hits using iGEMDOCK. The highest score was obtained for hyrtimomine C. Van der Waals interaction at T222 and V96 and hydrogen bond interaction at K111 determined pocket stability. The solubility properties of the compound showed higher score for hyrtimomine C. The conserved features of hyrtimomine C were then compared with the crystal structure of lead compound (BX-517, which was not developed further due to poor solubility and bioavailability). The pharmacokinetic properties of hyrtimomine C were superior to BX-517 and had better solubility and drug-likeness score, hence, may be a candidate structure for drug development.

Conclusion: The unique azapeno indole structure of hyrtimomine C highlighted the mode of binding and residues in binding site.
BALANITES MAUGHAMII SPRAGUE (ZYGOPHYLLACEAE) IN TROPICAL AFRICA: A SYNTHESIS AND REVIEW OF ITS CHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY, AND MEDICINAL POTENTIAL
Authors: ALFRED MAROYI
Published: October 2019

Balanites maughamii is an important medicinal plant species in Southern Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. maughamii. Documented information on biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of B. maughamii was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the biological activities, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of B. maughamii were collected from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, theses, and scientific publications sourced from the university library. This study showed that the bark, fruits, leaves, and roots of B. maughamii are traditionally used for magical purposes, as emetic, tonic, fish poison, insecticidal, and herbal medicine for bilharzia. Phytochemical compounds identified from the bark, fruits, and leaves of B. maughamii are aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ketones, benzenoid compounds, aliphatic acids, amino acids, coumarin, aliphatic esters, flavonoids, aliphatic aldehydes, and sterol. Pharmacological research revealed that B. maughamii extracts have adulticidal, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, bitterness, molluscicidal, and mutagenic activities. Future research should focus on evaluating the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of B. maughamii crude extracts as well as compounds isolated from the species.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE AND AGE IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX AMONG POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME WOMEN – A CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: BRINDHA G  , MADHANSHANKAR SR
Published: October 2019

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder, affecting up to 6.8% of women at their prime reproductive age. The aim of the study is to prove the interrelationship between food patterns, age, and anthropometric measurements in relation with body mass index (BMI) among PCOS women and control participants.

Methods: The study was performed among 80 PCOS women and control participants according to the Rotterdam criteria. The data were collected through questionnaire which included age, socioeconomic data, anthropometric details, and food pattern, and the values were analyzed using Minitab 17 by Box plot method for graphical representation. The comparative analysis between age group and BMI was done by ANOVA.

Results: The results showed that there was significant relationship between inappropriate food pattern and PCOS women showing higher frequency of ±8.30 among age group (19-24 years) with an average BMI of 31.6 kg/m2. The unhealthy diet along with BMI was correlated with the visual examination of presence of hirsutism. From the ANOVA analysis, it was significantly proved with probability (p=0.002); there was stronger association between lifestyle modifications and PCOS. This is the first association study to correlate between dietary habitat and age group with BMI among South Indian in Coimbatore district.

Conclusion: From the results obtained, it is necessary to create awareness for women and girls about the ill effects of lifestyle modifications, unhealthy food pattern, and lack of physical activity which lead hormonal and metabolic changes.
Perceived Services and Reported Opinions about Self-Care during Pregnancy and Lactation by Community Pharmacists: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Shiromwar Shruti
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was planned to evaluate the community pharmacists’ services regarding self-care during pregnancy and lactating women in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was performed among the community pharmacists in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia consists of randomly elected 156 pharmacies. The study purpose briefly described face-to-face to the pharmacist on duty to fill self-care questionnaire regarding services and opinions intended for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Results: Pharmacists specified that they have sufficient knowledge to offer advice (47.82%) and to solve medication and health-related problems (39.13%) during pregnancy and lactation. The confidence level of pharmacists to give drug-related opinion and counseling to patients was 69.56% and 39.13% respectively. All the participated pharmacists’ want continuing education program and 47.82% of pharmacist advised pharmacy school training on this issue to improve/update the knowledge on the issue. Conclusion: Pharmacists have different opinions regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding associated illness and also highlighted the need for interventions, including continuing professional development and revision of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum.
DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND EVALUATION OF SELF-MICROEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF BAMBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: SACHIN SAGGAR  , ASHUTOSH UPADHAYAY  , MANISH GOSWAMI
Published: October 2019

Objective: The self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of bambuterol hydrochloride was designed, prepared, and evaluated to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability.

Methods: The designing of the formulation included the selection of oil phase, surfactant, and cosolvent/cosurfactant based on the saturated solubility studies. Psuedoternary phase diagram was constructed using aqueous titration method, to identify the self-emulsifying region. Different ratios of the selected surfactant and cosolvent/cosurfactant (Smix) were also studied and used to construct the ternary phase diagram. The prepared formulations of the SMEDDS were evaluated for drug content, morphology, globule size, robustness to dilution, emulsification time, optical clarity, and stability.

Results: The formulation containing 10 mg bambuterol hydrochloride, triacetin (12.50% w/w), Tween 80 (43.75% w/w), and ethanol (43.75% w/w) was concluded to be optimized. The optimized SMEDDS not only showed optimum globule size, zeta potential, and drug content but was also found to be robust to dilution, formed emulsion spontaneously, and was stable. The optimized SMEDDS showed increased permeability of the drug across the intestinal membrane in ex vivo studies.

Conclusion: The results suggest that bambuterol hydrochloride can be formulated as self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, and further, SMEDDS can be used to improve the oral bioavailability of bambuterol hydrochloride.
CONDUCTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM USING PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID, BROMOCRESOL PURPLE, MERCURY (II) CHLORIDE, AND CUPRIC CHLORIDE AS REAGENTS
Authors: ABDEL-MONEM AFAF ABOUL-KHIER , AHMED BAHGAT EMAN
Published: October 2019

Objectives: In the current study a simple and precise four conductometric methods were introduced for determination of Losartan Potassium (LK) in pure form and tablets.

Methods: Method A is based on titration of LK using phosphotungstic acid, method B is based on titration of LK using bromocresol purple dye, method C is based on titration of LK using mercury (II) chloride, and method D is based on titration of LK using cupric chloride.

Results: LK was found to be linear in the concentration range of 3–20 mg/mL for all methods except for method C, the concentration range was 1–12 mg/mL. The obtained percentage recoveries for the four methods ranged from 99.69% to 100.53%; the relative standard deviation values were not exceeding two for all methods.

Conclusion: The suggested methods were successfully applied for the determination of LK in tablets, with results in close agreement at 95% confidence level with those obtained using the reference spectrophotometric method.
Effects of Increased Pork Hot Carcass Weights. I: Chop Thickness Impact on Consumer Visual Ratings
Authors: Rice Emily A. , Lerner Annie B. , Olson Brittany A. , Prill Lauren L. , Drey Lindsey N. , Price Hannah E. , Lowell Jessica E. , Harsh Bailey N. , Barkley Kayla E. , Honegger Lauren T. , Richardson Elaine , Woodworth Jason C. , Gonzalez John M. , Tokach Mike D. , DeRouchey Joel M. , Dritz Steve S. , Goodband Robert D. , Allerson Matt W. , Fields Brandon , Shackelford Steven D. , King David A. , Wheeler Tommy L. , Dilger Anna C. , Boler Dustin D. , O’Quinn Travis G.
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased pork hot carcass weights on consumer visual acceptability and purchase intent ratings of top loin chops cut to various thicknesses in a price labeled versus unlabeled retail display scenario. Pork loins (N = 200) were collected from 4 different hot carcass weight groups: light weight (LT; less than 111.8 kg), medium-light weight (MLT; 111.8 to 119. kg), medium-heavy weight (MHVY; 119.1 to 124.4 kg), and a heavy weight group (HVY; 124.4 kg and greater). Loins were fabricated into 4 pairs of chops of specified thicknesses (1.27, 1.91, 2.54, and 3.18 cm). One chop from each pair was assigned to be packaged with or without a label. Consumers assessed chops for appearance, desirability, and purchase intent. For both appearance and purchase intent ratings, chops from HVY carcasses were given more desirable (P < 0.05) ratings compared to LT chops. Consumers gave greater (P < 0.05) appearance ratings to thicker cut chops. There was a hot carcass weight × chop thickness interaction (P < 0.05) for the percentage of consumers that indicated the chop was desirable overall. Regardless of hot carcass weight group, chops with a thickness of 1.27 cm had the lowest (P < 0.05) percentage of consumers indicate they were desirable overall. A greater (P < 0.05) percentage of consumers indicated “yes” they would purchase chops cut to a thickness of 2.54 cm compared to all other thicknesses. Additionally, there was a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of consumers who indicated they would purchase unlabeled chops compared to labeled chops. These results, within the population sampled, indicate that carcass weight and chop thickness can affect consumer preference and thus should be considered by retailers when marketing fresh pork loin chops.
Тенденции развития силовой электроники
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: October 2019

Рассматриваются перспективы в сфере мощных полупроводниковых приборов. Господствующие сейчас кремниевые приборы будут замещаться GaN- и SiC-приборами. Возможно развитие сектора приборов типа «GaN-на-SiC», совмещающих достоинства обеих технологий, и обещающего стать перспективным направлением развития мощных полупроводниковых приборов.
Как выбрать ограничитель пусковых токов и прерыватель цепи для импульсных источников питания
Authors: Ву У.
Published: October 2019

В статье рассмотрено эффективное решение для минимизации переходных токов в импульсных источниках питания – применение ограничителя пусковых токов в сочетании с прерывателем цепи. Предложены рекомендации по выбору основных параметров этих устройств.
Решения компании MORNSUN для систем питания в умных приложениях
Authors: Ежов В.
Published: October 2019

Компания MORNSUN предлагает широкий выбор высокоэффективных и недорогих компонентов для построения источников питания для умных систем, а также решения, адаптированные к проекту заказчика. В статье рассмотрены решения компании для систем питания в Интернете вещей и на железнодорожном транспорте.
Миллиметровые радары АО «ПКК Миландр» для применения на автотранспорте и в системах безопасности
Authors: Мякочкин Ю. , Бирюков М.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрен ряд приборов группы компаний АО «ПКК Миландр» – автомобильный радар, блок управления безопасностью автомобиля, однолучевой радар и СВЧ-приемопередатчики, – предназначенных для реализации функций интеллектуальной системы помощи водителю (Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems, ADAS) и построения систем контроля дорожного трафика, охраны периметра, определения скорости и дальности объектов.
Гиперконвергентные информационные системы с виртуализацией на основе программно-аппаратного комплекса виртуализации «Горизонт-ВС»
Authors: Коптелов И. , Назаров С. , Ермолова М.
Published: October 2019

Рассматривается возможность построения гиперконвергентных систем на базе программно-аппаратного комплекса виртуализации (ПАК) «Горизонт-ВС», используемого в составе вычислительной инфраструктуры Московской областной таможни, которая подвергается модернизации.
A dissonância cognitiva e seus reflexos na tomada da decisão judicial criminal
Authors: Andrade Flávio da Silva
Published: October 2019

O ensaio analisa a teoria da dissonância cognitiva, concebida por Leon Festinger, que se assenta na premissa de que o indivíduo experimenta um estado de desconforto psíquico quando percebe que há discrepância ou incoerência entre suas cognições ou atitudes, de forma que passa agir, voluntária ou involuntariamente, buscando diminuir ou afastar a dissonância e recuperar a sensação de coerência. Busca-se demonstrar como a dissonância cognitiva pode afetar o processo de tomada de decisões judiciais na esfera do processo penal, quando, por exemplo, o magistrado decide num sentido em sede de cognição sumária, mas, depois, em cognição exauriente, percebe não haver elementos bastantes para corroborar a avaliação inicial. Constata-se que o anseio por um estado de coerência e o interesse de preservar a autoimagem tendem a atrair o viés de confirmação a partir da evitação ou desconsideração de elementos dissonantes e da adição de novos elementos consonantes. Conclui-se que é justificada, nesse contexto, a aspiração pela adoção da figura do juiz de garantias e da prevenção como causa de exclusão da competência. E enquanto tramitam projetos de lei tendentes a implementar tais inovações, os juízes precisam ter consciência do fenômeno em questão, de maneira a se tentar reduzir as chances de que caiam nas armadilhas de sua mente. O estudo realizado é do tipo exploratório-compreensivo, de vertente jurídico-dogmática, com prioridade para a análise de conteúdo.
La protección de los datos personales en el registro de dispositivos de almacenamiento masivo de información
Authors: Pérez Estrada Miren Josune
Published: October 2019

El objeto de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto los problemas que plantea la investigación criminal cuando se analizan instrumentos tecnológicos en la averiguación del delito. En concreto, se estudia cómo afecta al derecho fundamental a la protección de los datos personales la prueba que se ha obtenido, con motivo de la investigación criminal, mediante  el análisis de los datos contenidos en los dispositivos de almacenamiento masivo de la información. Se analiza el tratamiento jurídico que se da a la protección de los datos personales como parte de lo que se ha venido a denominar por la jurisprudencia “protección del entorno virtual” y las consecuencias jurídicas que tiene en el proceso penal. En definitiva, se quiere advertir cuáles son los efectos que tiene en el proceso penal la prueba que se ha obtenido vulnerando el derecho fundamental a la protección de los datos personales.
A Inteligência Artificial e a disputa por diferentes caminhos em sua utilização preditiva no processo penal
Authors: Guimarães Rodrigo Régnier Chemim
Published: October 2019

O artigo explora a disputa entre dois modelos globais em torno da aceitação da inteligência artificial para pesquisas preditivas de decisões de juízes e tribunais, com especial enfoque no âmbito do processo penal. Enquanto nos Estados Unidos a pesquisa é livre e vem se desenvolvendo, na França houve criminalização do comportamento de quem se utilizar de decisões judiciais para tanto. Considerando a delicada cooperação entre peritos em processo penal e engenheiros do conhecimento na construção dos algoritmos que irão ensinar a máquina nas pesquisas preditivas, qual dos dois caminhos seria o adequado? A disparidade de premissas interpretativas no processo penal coloca em risco possíveis construções silogísticas que possam partir de entimemas? O uso de inteligência artificial na análise preditiva de decisões processuais penais viola ou assegura garantias constitucionais? Levando em conta essas questões, o artigo pretende avaliar se o modelo liberal norte-americano seria a melhor opção, sem olvidar de alguns alertas já identificados pela Comissão Europeia para a eficácia da Justiça, em sua recente “Carta Ética Europeia de Utilização da Inteligência Artificial nos Sistemas Judiciários e seu Entorno”, notadamente quanto aos riscos de prevalências de preconceitos que possam estruturar equivocadamente as pesquisas preditivas e seus resultados.
Consequências e perspectivas da aplicação de inteligência artificial a casos penais
Authors: Pedrina Gustavo Mascarenhas Lacerda
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como finalidade fazer uma análise da aplicação atual e das perspectivas do que se conhece popularmente por inteligência artificial ao direito penal. São analisadas duas vertentes do aprendizado da máquina (machine learning): a computação estatística e a análise preditiva. Discute-se as consequências e alternativas para o uso de técnicas de inteligência artificial diante dos avanços nas ciências do cérebro. Alguns pontos relevantes a respeito do tema são destacados para promover a discussão quanto a quais devem ser os próximos passos na área e quais as possíveis aplicações com o estado-da-arte da tecnologia atual.
Reelaboración de los protestantismos en el municipio fronterizo de Las Margaritas, Chiapas
Authors: Sánchez Franco Irene
Published: October 2019

El protestantismo en Chiapas ha sido objeto de investigación desde finales de la década de 1980. Hasta entonces no se había considerado como un tema importante para explicar las transformaciones sociales y las identidades socioculturales, sobre todo de las poblaciones indígenas. Como antecedente, un texto publicado en 1991 por Aída Hernández hace referencia a la forma en que los Testigos de Jehová, en una comunidad chuj-kanjobal de Chiapas, reelaboraron y se apropiaron de la doctrina religiosa desde sus propios marcos culturales. Aquí lo que me interesa es mostrar cómo, con el tiempo, la doctrina protestante ha pasado a formar parte de la vida cotidiana de una población tojolabal margaritense no católica, y de ese modo entender y explicar el protestantismo o los protestantismos en otras regiones chiapanecas, desde una perspectiva que ve a los indígenas como personas activas, con capacidad para retomar lo que les llega de afuera e incorporarlo en sus formas de vida, ya sea la religión, la política o los proyectos de diversa índole, y que no supone necesariamente el desplazamiento de una cultura por otra sino una forma de enriquecimiento de la vida cotidiana.
SELFIE TOURISM DAN ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH SEBAGAI ANTESEDEN RE-VISIT INTENTION
Authors: Trinanda Okki , Sari Astri Yuza
Published: October 2019

Research linking selfie behavior and tourism management is very rarely implemented. Selfie behavior is more researched as part of psychology that studies human behavior. This study aims to find out (1) the influence of Selfie Tourism on Electronic Word of Mouth, (2) the influence of Selfie Tourism on Re-Visit Intention, and (3) the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth on Re-Visit Intention. This study uses estimates based on the number of parameters obtained by the sample size of 452 respondents with accidental sampling. Respondents who were included in this study were foreign tourists and domestic tourists who visited the tourism sites in West Sumatra for the first time. While hypothesis testing uses SEM. In this study all relationships between variables were found to be positive and significant. The implication of this study is that tourism managers not only pay attention to aspects of service such as hospitality, cleanliness and so on, but also provide attractive tourist attractions to be photographed and distributed to social media.

Penelitian yang menghubungkan perilaku selfie dan manajemen pariwisata sangat jarang dilaksanakan. Perilaku selfie lebih banyak diteliti sebagai bagian dari psikologi yang mempelajari perilaku manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh Selfie Tourism terhadap Electronic Word of Mouth, (2) pengaruh Selfie Tourism terhadap Re-Visit Intention, dan (3) pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth pada Re-Visit Intention. Penelitian ini menggunakan jumlah parameter yang diperoleh dengan ukuran sampel 452 responden dengan accidental sampling. Responden yang dikunjungi oleh wisatawan asing dan wisatawan domestik yang mengunjungi situs pariwisata di Sumatera Barat untuk pertama kalinya. Sedangkan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan SEM. Dalam penelitian ini semua hubungan antar variabel ditemukan positif dan signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa manajer pariwisata tidak hanya memperhatikan layanan dan kebersihan tetapi juga menyediakan media sosial.
ANALISIS KINERJA DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN UMKM ALAS KAKI DI DESA PAGELARAN
Authors: Hidayah Ulul , Mulatsih Sri , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis
Published: October 2019

Village economic development should be focused on local potential. Each village has different potentials, one of which is Pagelaran Village which has local potential in footwear business development. In developing the footwear sector as the center of village economic growth, it is necessary to identify the problems and business needs. The Impotence Performance Analysis (IPA) method is carried out to measure the gap between the level of conditions and the level of importance of the variables in the development of a footwear business. From the results of the study concluded that the problems in the development of footwear businesses are limited capital, high raw material prices, decreasing number of workers, low selling prices, poor business management, lack of roles of craftsmen and government groups in business development. Results of the gap analysis indicate that the variable that has the largest gap is the variable role of the government in business development with a performance value of 33%. The village government through village community empowerment policies and programs that are very much needed by footwear entrepreneurs. To increase the footwear business, the village government needs to establish BUMDes with the main program, providing capital loans, procuring raw materials, joint marketing, and training in business management skills.

 

Pembangunan ekonomi desa dapat dicapai dengan memperhatikan potensi lokal. Setiap desa memiliki potensi yang berbeda-beda, salah satunya Desa Pagelaran yang memiliki potensi lokal di bidang pengembangan usaha alas kaki. Dalam mengembangkan sektor alas kaki sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi desa maka perlu dikakukan identifikasi permasalah dan kebutuhan usaha. Sehingga dapat dirumuskan strategi pengembangan usaha alas kaki sebagai potensi lokal Desa Pagelaran. Metode Impotrance Performance Analysis (IPA) dilakukan untuk mengukur gap antara tingkat kondisi dan tingkkat kepentingan variabel-variabel pengembangan usaha alas kaki. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan usaha alas kaki adalah ketersediaan modal usaha, harga bahan baku yang tinggi, jumlah tenaga kerja semakin berkurang, buruknya manajemen usaha, tidakadanya peran kelompok pengrajin dan pemerintah dalam pengembangan usaha. Sedangkan hasil dari analisis gap menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki gap terbesar adalah variabel peran pemerintah dalam pengembangan usaha dengan nilai 2,96. Hal ini menunjukkan kehadiran pemerintah desa melalui kebijakan dan program pemberdayaan masyarakat desa sangat dibutuh oleh pengusaha alas kaki. Untuk meningkatkan usaha alas kaki pemerintah desa perlu membentuk BUMDes dengan program utama, pemberian pinjaman modal, pengadaan bahan baku, pemasaran bersama, dan pelatihan keterampilan manajemen usaha.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL BERDASARKAN PERILAKU BELAJAR TERHADAP IPK
Authors: Fitri Mellyna Eka Yan
Published: October 2019

The industrial revolution 4.0 is currently affects the lifestyles of the people, especially students. This relates to student achievement that can be seen from the results of learning achievements through the GPA. This study aims to determine to analyze the effect of learning behavior on the GPA scores. And then find out whether there are differences in student learning behavior using social media based on the GPA. The sample was taken about 300 college students in Padang City whose social media account for at least one year. The results, from the multinomial logit regression analysis, there is no effect of learning behavior on the GPA score, and from the Crosstab analysis with the Chi-Square test that there is no difference in student learning behavior using social media based on the GPA score. It is hoped that these results can be used for further research for universities in educating and creating graduates, who excel despite being active in using social media. The expected this result can be used for further study for universities in education and creating the excellence graduates although they use social media.

Revolusi industri 4.0 yang berjalan saat ini mempengaruhi gaya hidup masyarakat terutama mahasiswa. Hal ini berkaitan dengan prestasi belajar mahasiswa yang dapat dilihat dari hasil capaian belajar melalui nilai IPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perilaku belajar yaitu mengikuti pelajaran, membaca buku, mengunjungi perpustakaan/mencari referensi, dan menghadapi ujian terhadap nilai IPK yang dukelompokkan atas memuaskan, sangat memuaskan dan dengan pujian. Dan selanjutnya mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan perilaku belajar mahasiswa yang menggunakan media sosial tersebut berdasarkan IPK. Sampel yang dipilih sebanyak 300 mahasiswa perguruan tinggi kota Padang dengan batasan sudah memiliki akun media sosial minimal selama satu tahun. Hasil analisis regresi multinomial logit bahwa tidak ada pengaruh perilaku belajar terhadap nilai IPK dan dari hasil analisis Crosstab dengan uji Chi-Square bahwa tidak ada perbedaan perilaku belajar mahasiswa yang menggunakan media sosial berdasarkan nilai IPK. Diharapkan hasil ini dapat digunakan untuk penelitian lanjutan bagi perguruan tinggi dalam mendidik dan menciptakan lulusan yang berprestasi walaupun aktif dalam menggunakan media sosial.