bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training in Military: An Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Azmi Mohd Zainol Noor , Zainol Abidin Zahimi
Published: December 2022

Training is a vital segment in developing the quality of human capital to achieve the organizational goals. In military, the design of training program is focus on the process in developing knowledge, skills and attitude to prepare personnel for the contemporary security situation. A training framework must be well designed to ensure the training effectiveness and the level of expected performance of the military personnel will achieve. The training program must be triangulate within theoretical and practical aspects to produce a high performance of military personnel. Training management literature emphasized the designing of training program consist of three important elements: (1) training syllabus; (2) instructors' roles; and (3) superiors' support, which may lead to a high impact of training transfer in organizations. However, the role of training motivation as a mediator is given less explanation in the training program. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate and quantify the effect of training motivation in the military training through the Islamic views. In Islamic perspective, training of the military is compulsory regarding to the word of Allah in Surah al-Anfal verses 60: "And prepare against them (enemies of Islam) whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know (but) whom Allah knows." As a Muslim soldier, as well as a duty to defend the country's sovereignty, they are also serves to introduce Islam. Therefore, this role requires the competency, physical strength, mental and spiritual to ensure the excellence, and do not be misled by temptations of lust and enemy tactics.

Keywords: Training program, training motivation, training transfer, Islamic perspective
The Impact of Virtual Learning on Academic Identity status and Community of Practice: A sense of Heutagogy
Authors: Ayu Mumin Mas , P. Valdez Nena
Published: December 2022

In August 2021, marked a new semester for all universities in Brunei. Unfortunately, a couple of weeks into the semester, Brunei academic institution was forced to resort to full on-line learning due to the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. This prompted a study on thirty- four first year students' who just started to call themselves undergraduates. The objective was to uncover the participants' learning and academic preparedness of facing university-level of online learning for the first time as higher education students that constitutes their idea on their academic identity status and awareness of their community of practice (COP). All these could signify heutagogical elements in their learning in tertiary education. Due to the pandemic constraints, this mixed-method study utilized online questionnaire and virtual interviews for data collection. Qualitative analysis with the use of NVivo was used to gather common themes and build research findings using Academic Identity Status Measure (AIM) (Was and Isaacson, 2008;Ireri, Wawire, Mugambi and Mwangi, 2015; Kroger, Martinusen & Marcia, 2009), Lave & Wenger (1991) for COP and following Blaschke, 2012 ; Blaschke & Hase, 2021, for heutagogical element analysis. The participants were expected to cope well as they barely have other worldly commitments such as work and children, and this was their second experience with online learning. However, the data showed majority of the participants reported feelings of demotivation and a sense of detachment of academic identity hence failing to feel the sense of belonging in their Community of Practice (COP). Evidence showed that majority of the participants seemed to still be dependent on their teachers (andragogy), showed little to no evidence of moving towards independent learning and seemingly reluctant to change their learning behaviour regardless their newly acquired status as undergraduates. Participants who prosper academically during the pandemic however, showed evidence of a sense of resilience and acceptance to change, following the new academic norm. Regardless, the findings, it was apparent that heutagogical evidence in learning was nowhere to be found.
Perbandingan VCO, Minyak Zaitun dan Minyak Jagung terhadap sifat fisik balsem stik dengan pengikat Vaselin Alba atau Adeps Lanae
Authors: Lestari Pramulani Mulya , Yati Kori , Rosanti Mimil
Published: December 2022

Penggunaan balsem dengan dioleskan pada bagian tubuh yang sakit dapat menyebabkan rasa panas dan lengket di jari tangan. Pembuatan balsam stick merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Balsem stick dipengaruhi oleh komponen-komponen yang digunakan yaitu minyak, lilin dan lemak. Penggunaan minyak dan lemak yang memiliki kandungan asam lemak dan bobot molekul yang berbeda akan mempengaruhi sifat fisik balsem stick. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan penggunaan VCO, minyak zaitun dan minyak jagung dengan pengikat antara Adeps lanae dan Vaselin alba terhadap sifat fisik balsem stick metil salisilat. Semua sediaan balsem stick dibuat dengan metode yang sama dan dievalusi meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, kekerasan dan titik lebur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan titik lebur dan kekerasan, namun semua formula memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik balsem stick. Formula dengan VCO dan variasi Adeps lanae menunjukan titik lebur dan kekerasan tertinggi yaitu 65,760C dan 2,13 mm. Hasil data statistik Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan sig < 0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan dari setiap formula. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan disimpulkan bahwa VCO dengan Adeps lanae dalam kombinasi Carnauba wax dan Cera alba memberikan titik lebur, kekerasan dan nilai yield value yang tinggi
Aktivitas	Antioksidan Metabolit Sekunder Kapang Endofit daun tanaman Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Americana (Aubl.) Merr.) secara In Vitro
Authors: Kumala Shirly , Gabriel Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Tanaman bawang dayak (Eleutherine Americana (Aubl.) Merr.) merupakan tanaman obat yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan dapat diperoleh dengan membutuhkan banyak tanaman bawang Dayak. Oleh karena itu dicari alternative lain dengan memanfaatkan mikroba endofit sebagai sumber metabolit sekunder yang akan membuat produksi bahan baku obat alam lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji metabolit sekunder kapang endofit daun bawang dayak yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik inokulasi tanam langsung pada permukaan media pertumbuhan PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Identifikasi morfologi kapang dilakukan secara makroskopik (visual) dan mikroskopik (slide culture). Hasil isolasi kapang endofit ini didapatkan 4 isolat. Isolat difermentasi dengan metode goyang kemudian diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Ekstrak yang diperoleh, dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH, Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat metabolit sekunder dari keempat isolat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan Ekstrak Etil asetat dari isolat d.IEP.1.2 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dengan nilai IC50 terendah yaitu 82,9750 µg/mL.
Hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan luaran terapi pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2-Dislipidemia
Authors: Faridah Imaniar N. , D. Haafizah , Z. S. Ginanjar , C. A. Faaiza
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus dan dislipidemia merupakan suatu penyakit non communicable disease yang angka kejadiannya terus meningkat. Kedua penyakit tersebut merupakan faktor resiko untuk terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Pengetahuan pasien yang baik diperlukan agar pasien waspada terhadap penyakitnya sehingga diharapkan luaran terapinya dapat mencapai target yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai bagaimana pengetahuan pasien terhadap penyakitnya serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan pasien dengan luaran terapi pasien yaitu HbA1c dan kolesterol total. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Data diambil secara prospektif dari pasien diabetes di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta pada bulan September – Desember 2016. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien dengan diagnosa diabetes melitus-dislipidemia yang menjalani rawat jalan di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, berusia lebih dari 18 tahun, terdapat data kadar HbA1c dan kadar kolesterol total dan menggunakan dua obat yaitu antidiabetik dan antikolesterol. Data yang diambil adalah data pengetahuan menggunakan kuisioner yang sudah divalidasi sebelumnya, serta data luaran terapi yang diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien. Analisis dengan regresi linear dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan luaran terapi. Sejumlah 37 pasien yang berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini banyak berusia kurang dari 60 tahun (64.9%), paling banyak perempuan (59.5%) dan tingkat pendidikan >9 tahun (86.5%). Selain itu, hanya 62.2% pasien yang mencapai target terapi untuk HbA1c, sedangkan hanya 56.8% pasien yang mencapai target terapi untuk kolesterol total. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linear diketahui tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kadar HbA1c maupun kadar kolesterol total (sig 0.893 dan 0.292).
Hypoglycemic effect test of Ethanolic extract of Baligo seeds (Benincasa Hispida (Thumb.) Cogn.) on white male rats wistar strain with Alloxan induction
Authors: Maryati Dina , Sarimanah Jamilah , Herdwiani Wiwin , Zamzani Lrfan
Published: December 2022

Baligo merupakan tanaman asli dari daerah tropis yang di Indonesia dikenal dengan sebutan kundur atau labu besar. Baligo antara lain mengandung karbohidrat, glikosida, alkaloid, fitosterol, gum dan mucilago, saponin, protein dan asam amino bebas, serta flavonoid. Kandungan kimia pada biji baligo yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes adalah flavonoid dan  saponin.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hipoglikemik ekstrak etanol biji baligo (Benincasa hispida (Thumb.) Cogn.) dan mengetahui apakah semakin besar dosis ekstrak etanol biji baligo (Benincasa hispida (Thumb.) Cogn.) semakin besar efek hipoglikemik pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan induksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode induksi aloksan dimana tikus dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari lima ekor tikus. KI sebagai kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5%), K II sebagai kontrol positif (glibenklamid) dengan dosis 0,09 mg/200 g BB tikus, dan K III, IV, V diberikan dosis ekstrak etanol biji baligo berturut-turut 4,10 mg/200 g BB tikus, 8,21 mg/200 g BB tikus, 16,42 mg/200 g BB tikus. Semua kelompok diinduksi aloksan pada hari ke-0 (setelah dipuasakan 16 jam) secara intraperitoneal. Pemeriksaan kadar gula darah dilakukan pada hari ke-4 dan ke-8 setelah pemberian sediaan uji. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar dosis ekstrak etanol biji baligo (4,10 mg/200 g BB tikus, 8,21 mg/200 g BB tikus, 16,42 mg/200 g BB tikus) tidak semakin besar efek hipoglikemik pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan induksi aloksan.
Skrining virtual dan elusidasi moda ikatan senyawa Inhibitor Enzim Elastase dan Hyaluronidase pada beberapa tanaman dengan aktivitas Anti-Aging
Authors: Mumpuni Esti , Mulatsari Esti , Noerfa Tri Kumala
Published: December 2022

Beberapa penelitian mengenai enzim elastase dan enzim hyaluronidase yang berpotensi sebagai anti-aging telah dipublikasi sebelumnya. Mengacu pada berbagai hasil penelitian tersebut, pada penelitian ini dilakukan skrining virtual 30 senyawa bahan alam yang berasal dari 10 tanaman dan elusidasi moda ikatan terhadap senyawa aktif sebagai inhibitor enzim penyebab penuaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme kerja senyawa penghambat aging pada tanaman dan memodelkan interaksinya. Berdasarkan hasil score ChemPLP dari simulasi docking pada penelitian ini, diperoleh 4 senyawa yang aktif menghambat enzim elastase yaitu dari 2 senyawa dari tanaman jeruk (Citrus aurantium subsp. Amara), 1 senyawa dari bunga lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) dan 1 senyawa dari tanaman lengkuas belang (Alpinia zerumbet). Sedangkan pada enzim hyaluronidase diperoleh 11 senyawa yang aktif menghambat enzim hyaluronidase yaitu 2 senyawa dari tanaman lengkuas belang (Alpinia zerumbet), 3 senyawa dari tanaman pinang (Areca catechu L.), 1 senyawa dari tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis Kuntze), 1 senyawa dari bunga mawar (Rosa centifolia L.), 2 senyawa dari tanaman jeruk (Citrus aurantium subsp. Amara), 1 senyawa dari tanaman lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) dan 1 senyawa dari rumput laut (Eucheuma spinosum).
POTENSI DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTI-HIPERGIKEMIA : STUDI LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Pujiarti Yuyun , Samodra Galih
Published: December 2022

Diabetes Melitus (DM) dikenal sebagai gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar gula dalam darah (hiperglikemia). Menurut data International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2017, jumlah diabetisi mencapai 415 juta jiwa dan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat pada tahun 2040 sekitar 642 juta jiwa (55%). Salah satu alternatif pengobatan untuk menanggulangi penyakit diabetes yaitu tanaman herbal diantaranya daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) yang kaya akan nutrisi, seperti phytochemical, karoten, senyawa flavonoid, senyawa phenoid, kalsium, besi, protein, vitamin serta memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang dapat menstabilkan radikal bebas sehingga dapat dijadikan proteksi terhadap diabetes melitus. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui potensi daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah berdasarkan data ilmiah yang dikumpulkan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur Review dengan pencarian jurnal ilmiah secara online pada database Science Direct dan Google Scholar terbitan tahun 2010-2020 dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pendekatan PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparasion, Outcome). Hasil tinjauan literatur beberpaa jurnal, daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) berpotensi sebagai penurun kadar glukosa darah yang sangat efektif, selain itu  daun kelor (moringa oleifera) menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profil lipid, resistensi insulin, penurunan glukosa darah, dan penurunan berat badan secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa daun Moringa oleifera terbukti memiliki efek dapat menurunkan kadar gukosa dalam darah.
The relationship of secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA levels with glomerulus filtration rate in type 2 DM patients
Authors: Dewi Nadifa Kartika , Citrawati Mila , Luthfiyani Dhigna , Mahmudji Harli Amir
Published: December 2022

Phospolipase / sPLA2 type IIA is mediator that connects pathogenesis diabetes and its complications. Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent microvascular complications, with albumin urine and changes in glomerular filtration rate. The aim was to discover the relation between sPLA2 type IIA levels in diabetic patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study used crossectional method in 62 samples in RSJ. Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang. Sampling was done by total sampling and medical record used as instrument. This research conducted in patients with sPLA2 type IIA levels and has complete laboratory examination data carried out in 2016. The results showed that the level of sPLA2 type IIA was very high in diabetic patients and GFR was below normal. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between type IIA sPLA2 with GFR (p=0.318), with a positive but very weak correlation (r=0.129) with diabetic duration of 8 years. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted in 21 samples which GFR values were ≤60 (p=0.0712) resulted a negative direction (r=-0.086) with diabetes duration of 11 years. It was shown that diabetic patients with increased the level of sPLA2 type IIA and longer period of diabetes will affect the decrease in GFR value.
Monitoring efek samping obat antituberkulosis fase intensif dan lanjutan pasien dewasa tuberkulosis di RSUD Kota Bandung
Authors: Gumanti Siti Thannisa Aisiyah , L. C. P. Dhigna , Rifkia Via
Published: December 2022

Tuberkulosis adalah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang dapat menular melalui percikan dahak. Pemakaian obat-obat antituberkulosis dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam efek samping tergantung dari lamanya pengobatan TB. Berdasarkan kondisi pengobatan TB yang memiliki durasi pemberian obat yang lama serta jenis obat yang banyak, akan muncul risiko tinggi timbulnya efek samping atau toksisitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran efek samping yang timbul pada pasien fase intensif dan lanjutan, mengetahui adanya perbedaan gambaran efek samping yang timbul pada pasien relaps, mengetahui angka kejadian efek samping obat TB di RSUD Kota Bandung, mengetahui prevalensi tertinggi yang menyebabkan kejadian efek samping saat pengobatan TB. Metode penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dengan minimal sampel 34. Hasil uji perbandingan, diperoleh p-value sebesar 0,549 > 0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (signifikan) antara efek samping obat yang timbul pada pasien baru dengan pasien relaps.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Efektivitas Hematinik pada Pasien Hamil di Puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman
Authors: Syafhan Nadia Farhanah , Suria L Meiliani Shara , Azizahwati
Published: December 2022

Pemerintah telah memberikan secara gratis hematinik yang mengandung 200 gram fero sulfat dan 0.25 gram asam folat sejak tahun 1970, namun prevalensi anemia pada pasien hamil di Puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman masih relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas dari hematinik yang dikonsumsi oleh pasien hamil di Puskesmas Kecamatan Matraman. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan studi cross-sectional dengan teknik pengambilan data purposive sampling.  Data diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin pasien dan hasil wawancara pasien dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Responden adalah pasien hamil yang mengonsumsi hematinik dari pemerintah dan telah melakukan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin minimal 2 kali. Jumlah sampel yang masuk kriteria inklusi pada penelitian sebanyak 85 pasien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengaruh kebiasaan konsumsi teh dengan kadar hemoglobin pasien (p=0,000) dan pengaruh keteraturan konsumsi hematinik dengan kadar hemoglobin pasien (p=0,004). Namun tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengaruh pola makan dengan kadar hemoglobin pasien (p=0,105) dan pengaruh cara mengonsumsi hematinik dengan kadar hemoglobin pasien (p=0,684). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas hematinik adalah kebiasaan konsumsi teh dan keteraturan konsumsi hematinik.
PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK EKSTRAK METANOL RUMPUT POLYGALA (POLYGALA PANICULATA L.) DENGAN METODE KLT-DENSITOMETRI
Authors: Ahmad Aktsar Roskiana , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Handayani Virsa
Published: December 2022

Rumput  polygala  (Polygala  paniculata  L.)  merupakan  salah  satu  tumbuhan  yang  banyak  tumbuh  di  daerah  Enrekang,  Sulawesi  Selatan.  Rumput  polygala  (Polygala  paniculata  L.)  termasuk  dalam  suku  Polygalaceae  banyak  dimanfaatkan  oleh  masyarakat  sebagai  obat  luka.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  menentukan  kadar  fenolik  pada  ekstrak  metanol  rumput  polygala  (Polygala  paniculata  L.).  Ekstrak  metanol  rumput  polygala  (Polygala  paniculata  L.)  diperoleh  dengan  metode  maserasi  dengan  pelarut  metanol  P.  Analisis  komponen  kimia  menggunakan  metode  kromatografi  lapis  tipis  (KLT)  yang  ditandai  dengan  penampakan  noda.  Penetapan  kadar  fenolik  ekstrak  metanol  rumput  polygala   Polygala  paniculata  L.)  dengan  menggunakan  metode  KLT-Densitometri.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  pengujian  fitokimia  pada  ekstrak  metanol  rumput  polygala  (Polygala  paniculata  L.)  positif  mengandung  senyawa  fenolik  sebesar  35,280  µg.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDICATION AIDS TERHADAP TINGKAT KETAATAN PASIEN PEPTIK ULKUS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH ARIFIN ACHMAD PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Aryani Fina , Muharni Septi , Harahap Yudina Awaliyah
Published: December 2022

Peptik ulkus merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya luka yang terdapat pada saluran gastrointestinal akibat banyaknya produksi asam dan pepsin yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs dan stres, sehingga terapi yang di rekomendasikan tergantung pada penyebab dari tukak tersebut. Terapi peptik ulkus minimal selama delapan minggu dan pasien dituntut untuk taat dalam mengkonsumsi obat. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan ketaatan pasien adalah penggunaan medication aids. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian medication aids terhadap tingkat ketaatan pasien peptik ulkus di Riau. Medication aids yang digunakan adalah wadah pengingat pil dan kemasan sekali pakai.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment), dengan rancangan NonRandomized Control Group Pretest dan Posttest Design yang dilakukan terhadap 60 pasien yang dikelompokkan menjadi 30 pasien kelompok kontrol dan 30 pasien kelompok perlakuan selama bulan Mei - Juli 2017. Metode pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yakni pasien peptik ulkus yang disebabkan oleh NSAIDs, berusia lebih dari 18 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden. Pengumpulan data ketaatan menggunakan kuesioner standar yakni Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8).  Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) yang artinya terdapat pengaruh pemberian medication aids terhadap tingkat ketaatan pasien peptik ulkus.
LAPORAN KASUS-METRONIDAZOLE TABLET MENYEBABKAN PERUBAHAN WARNA URINE
Authors: Arrang Sherly Tandi
Published: December 2022

Seorang pasien wanita usia 38 tahun mengalami keputihan dan diberikan terapi metronidazole. Pasien mengalami efek samping obat berupa warna urin menjadi gelap kemudian merah beberapa jam setelah penggunaan metronidazole oral 500 mg tablet. Hubungan antara tablet metronidazole dan perubahan warna urin dinilai menggunakan Skala Naranjo. Berdasarkan dari penilaian efek samping obat menggunakan instrumen Naranjo Scale, dari 10 pertanyaan didapatkan total skor tujuh (7), yang artinya metronidazole kemungkinan penyebab warna urin menjadi lebih gelap/merah. Perubahan warna urin menjadi gelap atau kemerahan disebabkan oleh pigmentasi dari metabolit metronidazole. Metronidazole dikaitkan dengan warna urin menjadi gelap/kemerahan, dan warna urin kembali normal setelah obat dihentikan.
THE PARE FRUIT ACTIVITY (Momordica charantia L.) AS HERBAL ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC FOR DIABETES MELLITUS CONDITIONS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Yuli Maesaroh Yuli
Published: December 2022

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan glukosa darah tinggi (hiperglikemia) dan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein akibat efek pada sekresi insulin dan sensitivitas insulin. Antidiabetes oral merupakan salah satu pilihan terapi untuk mengontrol glukosa darah meskipun penggunaannya berpotensi munculnya efek samping dan sangat merugikan terutama dalam penggunaan jangka panjang. Terapi komplementer berbahan herbal seperti buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) menjadi aspek potensial untuk menjadi terapi alternatif karena potensi efek samping yang lebih rendah dan biaya yang terjangkau. Studi ini menjelaskan mengetahui aktivitas buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) sebagai antihiperglikemia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitan kajian literatur (literature review) yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Metode pencarian literatur menggunakan jurnal internasional dan nasional dengan sumber data sekunder yang dilakukan secara online dan diidentifikasi menggunakan database elektronik dari PubMed, Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan pendekatan PICO (Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcame). Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) mengandung senyawa antidiabetes diantaranya charantin dan polipeptida-p. Buah pare baik dalam bentuk ekstrak maupun non-extract dan dalam sediaan tunggal maupun kombinasi terbukti menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, meningkatkan sensitivitas dan kadar insulin, menormalkan kadar HbA1c, memperbaiki profil lipid serta mengurangi stres oksidatif. kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah buah pare sangat berpotensi sebagai herbal antihiperglikemia pada kondisi diabetes
Aplikasi Pengembangan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada Analisis Simultan Isoniazid (INH) dan Vitamin B6 di dalam Sediaan Tablet
Authors: Nasution Lisda Rimayani , Muchlisyam  , Effendy De Lux Putra
Published: December 2022

Obat anti tuberkulosis primer sebagai standar terapi tuberculosis sering digunakan dalam bentuk kombinasi untuk memperoleh efektivitas pengobatan dan mencegah timbulnya resistensi. Salah satu bentuk kombinasi tersebut adalah kombinasi INH dan vitamin B6. Kombinasi ini bertujuan untuk untuk mencegah efek samping dari INH yaitu neuritis perifer Namun, kombinasi bahan aktif tersebut dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam analisis kuantitatif untuk kontrol kualitas sediaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis secara mean centering of ratio spectra pada analisis isoniazid dan vitamin B6 secara simultan pada sediaan tablet  tanpa adanya pemisahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan metode spektrofotometri teknik mean centering of ratio spectra pada analisis simultan INH dan vitamin B6 pada sediaan tablet, kemudian dilakukan uji validitas metodenya berdasarkan parameter validasi yaitu liniearitas, akurasi, presisi, selektivitas dan sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi secara mean centering of ratio spectra pada penetapan kadar INH dan vitamin B6 berhasil diterapkan untuk analisis formulasi farmasi secara simultan, tanpa gangguan dari eksipien  serta hasil parameter validasi berada dalam kisaran yang dapat diterima.

 

Kata kunci: Isoniazid (INH), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin HCl), Mean Centering of Ratio Spectra (MCR).
IMMUNOREGULATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY HELMINTH THERAPY
Authors: Renesteen Editha
Published: December 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is characterized by the recruitment of T cells into the CNS, leading to demyelination and axonal damage. Currently, there are limited options for MS therapy, thus researchers start to use helminths therapy as a new therapeutic agent. Helminths are promising organisms to treat autoimmune diseases like MS by interfering the host’s immune responses. Several helminths, including Trichinella spiralis, Trichuis suis, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are under investigation in animal models for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Furthermore, Trichuis suis, Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni are being examined in patients. This review outlines basic insight of MS, immunoregulation mechanisms induced by helminths, current helminths therapy for MS as well as helminths therapy for MS application in the future.
JAW BONES MICROARCHITECTONICS AND MORPHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Domenyuk Dmitry , Kochkonyan Taisiya , Konnov Valery , Pichugina Ekaterina , Leonova Eleonora , Frolkina Ksenya , Arushanyan Anush , Dmitrienko Sergei , Domenyuk Stanislav
Published: December 2022

The study, while aiming to study the microarchitectonics and morphology of the mandible alveolar part at dentition defects in 24 males (aged – 50-65; with type 2 diabetes mellitus going through the compensation stage following the correction of bone remodeling imbalance), and 19 healthy persons belonging to the same age group, implied analyzing 3D cross-sections of the adentia zone (through cone-beam computed tomograms), along with bone tissue biopsy histological examination, obtained from the projection area of dental implants. All patients had their biochemical features of bone metabolism within the reference values, the volume of the bone tissue at the missing teeth area was classified as Category A and B (by C.E. Mich, K.B.M. Judy, 1987), while the densitometry value at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (based on T-criterion) fell within the normal value (> -1SD). The X-ray and histological studies carried out in the studied groups, identified no significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the mandibular alveolar part within the area of missing teeth. The morphology of the lower jaws alveolar part at the adentia area in healthy patients, which was represented by strongly interconnected trabeculae, single elements of adipose tissue in peritrabecular spaces, small resorption lacunae on the beam surface, few bonding lines, a depleted pool of osteogenic cells observed in the endossal layer – all these point at an age-related decrease in the intensity of reparation processes, as well as at a decreasing rate of bone tissue remodeling and development. The histological specifics of the mandibular alveolar part at the dentition defects in patients with type 2 diabetes, after pharmacological correction of the bone remodeling imbalance by way of interconnected trabeculae, local elements of adipose tissue against red bone marrow, a significant number of activated osteoblasts and inactive flattened osteogenic cell elements, enhanced activity of osteoblastic differon cells, as well as zones of the developing weakly mineralized osteoid, serve proof to an increase in the intensity of bone tissue metabolic processes, the predominance of the bone development phase over resorption and active osteogenesis. The results of X-ray and morphological studies show that in order to bring bone remodeling back to normal and reduce the risk of postoperative complications at the dental implantation in patients with compensated type 2 diabetes prior to dental rehabilitation, a good choice would imply carrying out pathogenetic pharmacological correction using groups of drugs capable of reducing bone resorption and enhancing bone development.
TWO SARANSKS: SOCIAL PORTRAIT OF RESIDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CITY IDENTITY
Authors: Bogatova O.A. , Dolgaeva E.I. , Shumkova N.V.
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of the publication is to test the hypothesis about the existence of two social groups in Saransk that identify city residents in opposite ways (mostly positive or mostly negative), as well as assumptions about the age (generational) nature of these differences. The object of the study is the residents of the city of Saransk, the subject is the identity of the city, defined as ideas about the corresponding social community, urban society. The analysis is based on the results of sociological research conducted in Saransk in 2020-2021: a representative questionnaire survey of citizens at their place of residence, a focus group study, a semi-structured interview with experts. The hypothesis was mostly confirmed: two groups of citizens with opposite ideas about the identity of the urban society of Saransk were identified. However, the differences between them are not age-related (as expected), but cultural. The first group, “critics” (33% of the sample, mostly educated, often hereditary citizens with incomes at or above the median level), perceive Saransk society rather negatively, noting a lack of love for the city, unwillingness to participate in its life and lack of urban culture. The second group, “optimists” (67% of the sample, mostly city dwellers in the first generation with different education and incomes at or below the median level), positively identify residents as fully accomplished, almost ideal city dwellers who love their city. The conflict potential of contradictions is rather low: disagreements are realized only by "critics" and are conditioned by their ideas about "urban" and "rural", cultural and uncultured. "Optimists" demonstrate tolerance without noticing any differences. At the same time, the leadership and the public of the city need to be aware of the existence of two cultures in the social space of Saransk, as different views on the identity and future of the city, as well as the problem of the lack of dialogue between them. The development of Saransk is impossible without maximum reliance on the creative resources of both the majority of socially active "optimists" and the minority of "critics" - the keepers of the original urban culture.
VISUALIZATION OF ETHNICITY IN THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED RUSSIAN CITIES
Authors: Peshkova V.M.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the features of ethnicity visualization in the architectural environment of small and medium-sized Russian cities on the example of the analysis of materials of the All-Russian competition for the best projects for creating a comfortable urban environment in 2018-2021. The competition materials are in the public domain and represent a database that includes both textual and visual justification of projects, their architectural and design solutions. 58 projects were selected for analysis, the concept of which uses ethnicity. The analysis of visualization of ethnicity is carried out on the basis of a functional and semiotic approach: design solutions are considered as an integral information-sign structure, as a narrative that has a beginning, a culmination and an ending. The logic of the analysis of ways to visualize the ethnicity follows the logic of textual and graphic presentation of the thematic blocks of applications. The justification of any concept begins with revealing the identity, including ethnic one, the place and then determining the identity and specific design and architectural solutions designed to visualize the identified ethnic features in a material or figurative form. The basis for ethnic identification of both the place of improvement and its inhabitants is identification with the ethnic history and ethnic composition of the population, with local legends and myths, as well as with the natural, folklore and ethnographic features of the territory and its inhabitants. Depending on how ethnicity is understood, what place and role it is given in the concepts, as well as what elements of ethnicity are used in specific design solutions in textual and graphical form, four groups of projects and, accordingly, four conditional types of ethnicity visualization are identified and considered. The first type uses a complex of several ethnic characteristics that make up an integral complete ethno-cultural image, which is the basis of the whole concept. The second type refers to one or more ethnic characteristics that reinforce the main project-forming idea. In the third type, ethnic characteristics are used most effectively, from the point of view of the authors of the projects, representing the ethno-cultural diversity of the city. Finally, the fourth type uses visual images to a lesser extent, but also refers to ethnic identification through indirect associations with various ethnic and ethno-cultural characteristics.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A MEANS OF FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Polishchuk M.A. , Shishkina A.V.
Published: December 2022

This article presents an attempt to determine a preferred way of forming a healthy lifestyle of university students within the discipline "Physical Culture". According to a number of researchers, the foundations of the principles of healthy lifestyle are laid long before entering the higher education system. But the system itself cannot stay away from the changes taking place in modern Russian society. An important tool through which it is possible to influence the healthy lifestyle of students is the training system within the discipline "Physical Culture" organized at a university. Thanks to this system, it is possible to change the shape and nature of the students' lifestyle to varying degrees. It turns out to be significant that in the modern world, young people, and students in particular, are influenced by two contradictory trends in the formation of their lifestyle. On the one hand, society requires students to think about the future, pay great attention to health and be able to keep it in good condition, and on the other hand, there are changes in the educational process of higher educational institutions, mainly in the direction of reducing the hours of classroom workload for students. The state also focuses on the problem of public health. In this regard, the Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation" dated December 4, 2007 (No. 329-FZ of December 4, 2007) appeared in Russian legislation. Also in the Federal Target Program "Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation for 2016-2020" (No. 464 of 05/25/2016) the need to popularize the standard of healthy lifestyle as one of the most important priorities of Russia's social and economic policy was emphasized. The basis for this article was a part of the study by A.V. Shishkina, a graduate of the Institute of History and Sociology, department of Sociology, UdSU, conducted in 2018-2020 and performed under the scientific supervision of Ph.D., Associate Professor M.A. Polishchuk. The results obtained can be useful to specialists in working with young people, contributing to improving the culture of serving visitors of different socio-demographic groups and more careful planning of their professional activities.
CULTURAL DIPLOMACY: A DIGITAL TURN TO A GREEN COURSE
Authors: Tabarintseva-Romanova K.M.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the transformation of cultural diplomacy in the context of modern international relations. Based on the analysis of scientific works, the proposed study understands cultural diplomacy as a foreign policy activity aimed at the development of intercultural and intercivilizational dialogue, which makes it possible to broadcast their own cultural codes at the world level: lifestyle, history, traditions, art and even worldview. However, taking into account the ongoing geopolitical changes and the transition to a “new” normality, it makes sense to study what metamorphoses are introduced by external circumstances in the implementation of cultural diplomacy. Starting in 2021, international and regional organizations are increasingly holding studies and conferences on the impact of the pandemic on culture, as well as the need to include culture in the sustainable development agenda. Based on theoretical studies in the field of digitalization of cultural diplomacy, as well as reports from UNESCO and the EU, such as, for example, “UNESCO. Culture Shock: COVID-19 and the Cultural and Creative Sectors” “Increasing the resilience of cultural heritage to climate change: where the European Green Deal meets cultural heritage”, the author draws attention to the changes in the discourse of cultural diplomacy, namely: the inclusion of culture in the international agenda for climate, achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals and digitalization. At the same time, the understanding of culture in world politics as an instrument of intercultural dialogue is gradually being eroded and replaced by its acceptance as a common good within the framework of the "green" concept.
RADICAL LEFT SOCIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Fichtner E.N. , Soboleva M.O.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the theoretical issues of the development of the radical left direction of socialism in Latin America in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries using the examples of four countries: Chile, Bolivia, Venezuela and Nicaragua. The continuity of the socialist ideology and the final transition to caudilism and dictatorship are noted. As a result of the analysis, the authors come to the conclusion that today's radical moods in the countries under consideration continue to be fundamental, despite their obvious departure from the ideal model of socialism.
WOMEN’s PARTICIPATION IN REPRESENTATIVE BODIES OF THE NATIONAL REPUBLICS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Snigirev S.A.
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes the female composition of the deputy corps of the national republics of the Volga Federal District. The main political and socio-professional characteristics of women deputies are described. The results make it possible to determine the forms of women's entry into the deputy corps of the national republics of the Volga Federal District, as well as the existing models of women's political representation, typical for the republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia.
FASCISM IN THE WORKS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORIAN GEORGE MOSSE (1918-1999)
Authors: Sergeenkova I.F.
Published: December 2022

The author examines the assessments of fascism presented in the works of the famous American historian G. Mosse. G. Mosse was one of the first to consider fascism as a pan-European phenomenon, emphasizing both the diversity and similarity of various fascist movements. Among the common features that should be considered in national contexts, he singled out: the concept of revolution as a "spiritual revolution", nationalist or racist mysticism, the search for a "third way", revolutionary dynamism and the problem of "taming the revolution", the myth of the new man, the fusion of bourgeois morality and respectability with the ethics of fascism, represented by militant and traditionalist models of courageous men. G. Mosse was one of the first to turn to anthropology to reconstruct the belief system of people who lived in the late XIX and early XX centuries to explain how the Third Reich could become a political reality. G. Mosse pays great attention to the ideological factor, considering the prerequisites of fascism, at a time when the fascist ideology was perceived by historians as complete nonsense. G. Mosse characterizes fascism as a secular religion and turns to the study of the "liturgical elements" of fascism, symbols and myths as means to understand how modern mass movements received popular support. His numerous publications contributed to a paradigm shift in fascist studies. In this sense, he anticipated the cultural orientation of later authors, such famous historians of fascism as S. Payne, R. Griffin and E. Gentile.
Introduction of deep level impurities, S, Se, and Zn, into Si wafers for high-temperature operation of a Si qubit
Authors: Ban Yoshisuke , Kato Kimihiko , Iizuka Shota , Murakami Shigenori , Ishibashi Koji , Moriyama Satoshi , Mori Takahiro , Ono Keiji
Published: December 2022

To realize high-temperature operation of Si qubits, deep impurity levels with large confinement energy, which are hardly thermally excited, were introduced into Si wafers. Group II impurity Zn and group VI impurities S and Se, which are known to form deep levels, were introduced into the Si substrates by ion implantation. These samples were analyzed for concentration-depth profiles, energy level depths, and absence of defects. To introduce deep impurities into thin channels such as 50 nm thick Si, we found impurity introduction conditions such that the concentration depth profiles had maximum values at less than 50 nm from the Si surface. Then, the formation of the deep levels and absence of defects were experimentally examined. Using the conditions to introduce deep impurities into the Si wafer obtained from the experiments, single-electron transport at room temperature, high-temperature operation of qubit, and room-temperature quantum magnetic sensors are promising.
High-temperature resistant interconnection using Ni nanoparticles and Al microparticles paste sintered in an atmosphere
Authors: Koshiba Keiko , Iizuka Tomonori , Tatsumi Kohei
Published: December 2022

Next-generation power devices using wide bandgap semiconductors, such as SiC, are expected to operate at higher temperatures than conventional Si power devices, and their operating temperatures are expected to exceed 250 °C. We developed a novel high-temperature resistant interconnection technology for die-bonding of SiC power devices using Ni nanoparticles and Al microparticles composite paste. The bond strength of the Al-metallized Si chip to Ni-plated direct bonded copper substrate was evaluated using shear tests. The initial shear strength of samples from pressureless sintering at 350 °C for 15 min in the air exceeded 30 MPa. Furthermore, no significant degradation was observed in a high-temperature storage test at 250 °C for 1000 h.
Determining phonon transport properties of bismuth telluride thin films with extremely small grain size using nanoindentation and 3ω method
Authors: Hase Masataka , Kato Hiroyasu , Murotani Hiroshi , Takashiri Masayuki
Published: December 2022

The phonon transport properties of Bi2Te3 thin films with extremely small grain size (3.4 nm) is investigated in this study using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The films exhibited an average group velocity of 2083 m s−1 and lattice thermal conductivity of 0.42 W (m−1∙K−1), as determined by nanoindentation and 3ω method, respectively. The phonon mean free path (MFP) was 0.49 nm, determined from the group velocity and lattice thermal conductivity. The lattice thermal conductivity decreased to 35% for single-crystal Bi2Te3 owing to the decrease in the phonon MFP, whereas the group velocity hardly changed in the region of extremely small grain size.
Directions for improving funeral services (through the example of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Lugovskoy R. A.
Published: December 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to develop proposals for improving funeral services using modern technologies while preserving traditional burial methods.

   Tasks. The authors investigate the development of funeral services through the example of St. Petersburg; analyze the laws of the Russian Federation (RF) and St. Petersburg governing the allocation of land plots for cemeteries and approaches to burial; develop proposals for improving funeral services and the use of state property (land plots).   Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, structural, functional, institutional, and systems analysis.   Results. The major funeral service practices in St. Petersburg are examined. The current laws of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg pertaining to the allocation of land plots for cemeteries and approaches to burial are analyzed. Proposals for improving funeral services through the example of St. Petersburg and optimizing the use of state property (land plots) are developed.   Conclusions. Current trends indicate that the number of places for burial in Russia and St. Petersburg is reducing, forcing public authorities to allocate new territories for funeral services. That said, the study shows that state and municipal property (land plots for burial) can be used more efficiently with modern technologies and certain adjustments to the current legislation. The proposed measures will improve the efficiency of funeral services.