bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard
Authors: Smid Miles E.
Published: August 2021

Strong cryptographic algorithms are essential for the protection of stored and transmitted data throughout the world. This publication discusses the development of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, which specifies a cryptographic algorithm known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES was the result of a cooperative multiyear effort involving the U.S. government, industry, and the academic community. Several difficult problems that had to be resolved during the standard’s development are discussed, and the eventual solutions are presented. The author writes from his viewpoint as former leader of the Security Technology Group and later as acting director of the Computer Security Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he was responsible for the AES development.
The Impact of pandemic upon the attitude of the audience towards the communicator
Authors: Kontsevaya Nataliya Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

PR-campaign requires an effective communication process between the communicator and the audience. Therefore, with the development of social networks and increasing importance of the audience and its positive feedback for promotion of the brand, the popular bloggers-influencers are being used as the communicators. These are the people who have certain authority and trust among their followers. They share not only their life events, but also opinions on various issues: from politics to environmental protection, as well as give recommendations for purchasing certain goods and services. Based on the two closes survey conducted by the author in 2019 and 2021, this article traces the change in the attitude of the online audience towards bloggers-influencers due to the coronavirus pandemic. Comparing the results of surveys, the author captures such tendencies as drop in the level of trust in the popular bloggers, an increase in the level of trust in medical doctors and niche bloggers. The author attempts to explain these tendencies by advancing the hypotheses that involve the emotional component of the concept of “trust”; namely, the content used by popular bloggers could cause negative emotions in the audience at the time of pandemic, while niche bloggers used relevant content and established better connection with their audience. As far as trust in the medical doctors, the author indicates a possible link with the increased number of medical doctors being the key speakers in mass media.
Tambal: Investigasi pembelajaran tektonik berbasis budaya lokal
Authors: Malonda Ayesha Aramita
Published: August 2021

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi proses kegiatan tambal di Manado sebagai basis pembelajaran tektonik bagi mahasiswa arsitektur. Tambal adalah istilah setempat untuk kegiatan memperbaiki rumah ataupun benda lain yang bersifat tidak menyeluruh dan hanya mengganti bagian yang rusak. Pembelajaran tektonik bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman akan ekspresi seni dari sambungan ataupun pertemuan yang terjadi pada susunan struktur dan konstruksi. Pemahaman tektonik dari suatu desain kerap hanya dipahami dari keseluruhan susunan tersebut. Melalui kegiatan tambal, artikel ini berupaya menginvestigasi bagaimana mahasiswa arsitektur dapat memahami aspek tektonik melalui bagian-bagian pertemuan yang kemudian mempengaruhi keseluruhan tektonik yang hadir.
Fokus kegiatan tambal dalam penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi salah satu rumah sementara di kawasan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sumompo Manado agar layak huni secara struktur. Dengan konteks tersebut, mahasiswa dihadapkan pada kompleksitas tektonik diambang batas minimal konstruksi, dan harus menemukan solusi arsitektural dengan tenggat waktu terbatas. Dari hasil pembelajaran tektonik melalui kegiatan tambal, mahasiswa menghasilkan pengembangan ekspresi desain tektonik yang berdasarkan kebutuhan untuk memperkuat bangunan tersebut. Kegiatan ini berkontribusi memperdalam pembelajaran tektonik dalam arsitektur berdasarkan aspek lokalitas untuk menghasilkan struktur yang lebih baik.
 
This article explores the process of tambal in Manado as the basis of tectonic learning for architecture students. Tambal is a local term for house or objects repairing activities that only takes place in parts that are broken. Tectonic learning aims to provide students about understanding of the arts of joints that exists in a structural and construction assembly. Understanding of tectonic often only pay attention to the overall assembly of its parts. Through tambal activity, this article investigates how architecture students may understand tectonic aspects within the parts of the joints that later influence the overall configuration of assembly.
In this research, the process of tambal was aimed to repair the condition of one of the temporary houses in the Sumompo landfill area in Manado to be structurally habitable. In such context, the students were faced with existing tectonic complexity below construction standards, and they were required to create an architectural solution within the limited time frame. By learning tectonic through tambal, the students were able to develop a tectonic design expression based on the need to strengthen the building itself. This activity contributes in deepening the process of tectonic learning in architecture based on local aspect to create a better quality of structural configuration.
Catalogue drawing: A framing device for design thinking
Authors: Karimah Afifah , Atmodiwirjo Paramita
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the role of catalogue drawing as a framing device to aid design thinking in the architectural design process. Catalogue drawing has been largely understood as a representation of the finished and curated design output. However, it is argued that catalogue drawing enables designers to handle, arrange, and process information, assisting them to frame this information for different needs of design discovery. This paper analyses the catalogue drawings produced by first-year Bachelor of Architecture Programme students in Universitas Indonesia in doing their first creative making project. The study highlights four categories of catalogue drawings with various roles, from catalogue drawing intended to capture the relevant information, investigate the particularities, create a bigger picture of the design condition, and outline the design proposition. The study found that each catalogue drawings were often repeated in loops throughout the design process, enabling the students to incrementally generate original design works. This study underlines the role of catalogue drawing in revealing the progression of design thinking that is often hidden throughout the architectural design process.
Common motor patterns of asymmetrical and symmetrical bipedal gaits
Authors: Pequera Germán , Ramírez Paulino Ignacio , Biancardi Carlo M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Synergy modules have been used to describe activation of lower limb muscles during locomotion and hence to understand how the system controls movement. Walking and running have been shown shared synergy patterns suggesting common motor control of both symmetrical gaits. Unilateral skipping, an equivalent gait to the quadrupedal gallop in humans, has been defined as the third locomotion paradigm but the use by humans is limited due to its high metabolic cost. Synergies in skipping have been little investigated. In particular, to the best of our knowledge, the joint study of both trailing and leading limbs has never been addressed before.

Research question

How are organized muscle activation patterns in unilateral skipping? Are they organized in the same way that in symmetrical gaits? If yes, which are the muscle activation patterns in skipping that make it a different gait to walking or running? In the present research, we investigate if there are shared control strategies for all gaits in locomotion. Addressing these questions in terms of muscle synergies could suggest possible determinants of the scarce use of unilateral skipping in humans.

Methods

Electromyographic data of fourteen bilateral muscles were collected from volunteers while performing walking, running and unilateral skipping on a treadmill. Also, spatiotemporal gait parameters were computed from 3D kinematics. The modular composition and activation timing extracted by non-negative matrix factorization were analyzed to detect similarities and differences among symmetrical gaits and unilateral skipping.

Results

Synergy modules showed high similarity throughout the different gaits and between trailing and leading limbs during unilateral skipping. The synergy associated with the propulsion force operated by calf muscles was anticipated in bouncing gaits. Temporal features of synergies in the leading leg were very similar to those observed for running. The different role of trailing and leading legs in unilateral skipping was reflected by the different timing in two modules. Activation for weight acceptance was anticipated and extended in the trailing leg, preparing the body for landing impact after the flight phase. A different behaviour was detected in the leading leg, which only deals with a pendular weight transference.

Significance

The evidence gathered in this work supports the hypothesis of shared modules among symmetrical and asymmetrical gaits, suggesting a common motor control despite of the infrequent use of unilateral skipping in humans. Unilateral skipping results from phase-shifted activation of similar muscular groups used in symmetrical gaits, without the need for new muscular groups. The high and anticipated muscle activation in the trailing leg for landing could be the key distinctive event of unilateral skipping.
Al pie de la letra: una aproximación al lenguaje verbal como parte constitutiva de la dimensión sonora de la música
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Sahurie Pablo Rojas
Published: August 2021

Este artículo problematiza el estatus que ha tenido el lenguaje verbal en la música, particularmente en su dimensión sonora. Para ello fundamenta la pertinencia de replantear el asunto y revisa los estudios musicológicos que abordan la relación entre música y lenguaje verbal. El escrito llega así hasta aquellas posiciones que encuentran un consistente vínculo entre ambas. Sin embargo, estas posturas terminan por considerar el lenguaje verbal como un elemento que está asociado, fuera, junto o frente a la música, pero no en ella. Ante la pregunta sobre si el lenguaje verbal está fuera de lo que consideramos música, el presente escrito argumenta que el lenguaje verbal es parte constitutiva de la música en su nivel sonoro. Para esto, repasa las reflexiones ontológicas de Rajeev Patke, retoma los elementos de la semiótica musical que sustentan este abordaje teórico y revisa algunos planteamientos del giro aural y de la hermenéutica analógica de Mauricio Beuchot que permiten entender el problema de manera proporcional. Así, surge la posibilidad de entender el lenguaje verbal como parte de la música en cuanto este suena organizadamente a través de la escucha.
An Analytical Study of Short-Term Morbidities in Large for Gestational Age Infants- A Single Centre Experience from South India
Authors: Menon Keerthana , Perumalla Bhavani Deepthi , Kumar Vignesh , Sethuraman Giridhar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Globally, Large for Gestational Age (LGA) infants constitute a significant proportion of live births, with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) being a primary contributor. Infants born to GDM mothers are more prone for morbidity and mortality and if born large, the incidence of morbidities could increase. The clinico-demographical profile of LGA infants has not been well analysed, especially in Lower Middle Income Countries (LMIC) like India, where gestational diabetes is very common. Aim: To analyse the incidence, demographic profile and short-term neonatal outcomes of LGA births, stratified for GDM. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Medical records of LGA infants ≥35 weeks born between December 2018 and May 2020 were reviewed (in December 2020 and January 2021), after Institutional Human Ethics committee approval (No:296/IHEC/JAN 2021). The LGA infants were grouped as GDM induced large infants born to gestational and pregestational diabetes mellitus mothers (LIDM) and large infants born to non-gestational diabetes mellitus mothers (LnIDM). Case records with incomplete data were excluded. Demographic profile of the two groups at birth and their clinical morbidities during hospitalisation were recorded. The primary outcome was requirement of respiratory support in the two groups. The categorical outcomes were compared using Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test, while numerical variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Odds ratio and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were obtained as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders, was done to derive the adjusted odds ratio. The p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. All analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Results: Out of 2653 live births, 268 were LGA infants ≥35 weeks (9.72%). LIDM were 126 (48.8%) and LnIDM were 132 (51.2%). Ten case records were excluded due to incomplete data hence, 258 infants were included in the final analysis. The median (Interquartile range) birth weight was significantly higher in the LIDM’s {3.92(3.86, 4.08) kg} compared to LnIDM’s {3.89(3.75, 3.96) kg}. The primary outcome of need for respiratory support was not significantly different between the two groups (aOR 1.62; 95% CI 0.92 -2.83; p-value=0.08). Multivariate logistic regression, controlling for confounders, showed higher neonatal intensive care admission rates (aOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.17-4, p=0.01), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (aOR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01-2.84, p=0.04) and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension (PPHN) (aOR 4.43; 95% CI: 1.41-13.82, p=0.004) in the LIDM infants. Conclusion: GDM contributes significantly to LGA births in India, and is associated with higher NICU admissions, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and PPHN, compared to non-GDM causes.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SIMVASTATIN LOADED MICROEMULSION BASED GEL: IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Saifee Maria , Bhaske Pragati , Toshniwal Reshma
Published: August 2021

The Simvastatin loaded microemulsion based gel was formulated and in-vitro evaluation was done for the treatment of diabetic wound healing. Simvastatin is BCS class II drug which promotes wound healing by increasing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Microemulsions (MEs) are oil and water colloidal system stabilized by the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant offering enhance skin permeability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. At first, microemulsion (ME) was prepared by water titration method and the existence of ME region was determined using pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Formulations were prepared using oil (oleic acid), Tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactant and co-surfactant. Optimization of formulation was done using 32 factorial designs. Carbopol 940 was used as gelling agent for preparing microemulsion gel. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, dilution test, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation of ME showed average globule size of 151 nm and the optimized ME gel had a homogeneous texture, showed good spreadability and in vitro drug release. The present study indicates the simvastatin loaded microemulsion gel could act as promising vehicle for topical drug delivery of drug for diabetic wound healing.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF ALVERINE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY
Authors: . Pooja , Sharma Pankaj Kumar , Agrahari Viswanath
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system for alverine (liquid-SNEDDS).Excipients in the alverine SNEDDS include Ethyl oleate as the oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and PEG600, Propylene glycol as a cosurfactant.The prepared eleven formulations of alverine SNEDDS were performed for emulsification time, percentage transmittance, particle size, drug release, in vitro dissolution and stability studies.The optimised alverine liquid SNEDDS formulation (D1) was studied for drug-excipient compatibility using infrared spectroscopy, as well as particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and stability. Alverine SNEDDS have a spherical shape with uniform particle distribution, according to their morphology. D1's optimised formulation's drug release percentage (96.6). The stability data revealed no discernible changes in drug content, emulsifying properties, drug release, or appearance. As a result, a potential SNEDDS formulation of alverine with improved solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability was developed.
Socio Economic Status of Farming Community of Char Area of Dhubri District, Assam
Authors: Nath R. K. , Sarma B. , Choudhury M. , Ahmed P. , Upamanya G. K. , Khayer S. M. , Rahman M. , Sarma G. K. , Ahmed F. A. , Sarma R.
Published: August 2021

The present study delves into the Socio-economic Status of Farmers of Char area of Dhubri district of Assam. The study was confined to the selected Char areas of the district, namely Faujdar Char, Simlabari and Bamunpara Part IV village. The quantitative study collected information using personal interview of each farmer through a semi-structured questionnaire. A multistage purposive cum random sampling design was followed for the purpose. A total sample of 150 farmers were randomly selected from the three indicated villages during 2021. This study revealed that farmers were of poor economic condition with low literacy and knowledge about agricultural methods. The farmers grow only rice, jute, summer and winter vegetables and without any awareness about their improved management practices. It is imperative that  the introduction of modern agricultural technologies can uplift the present socioeconomic status of the farming community in the Char areas.
Diet of the Silky Shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) in Waters off Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)
Authors: N’Gouan Koua Clément , Konan Kouadio Justin , Edia Oi Edia
Published: August 2021

Aims: This study was to establish the feeding habits of silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in waters off Côte d’Ivoire.

Study design: All stomachs of the specimens were collected using a standard method and analysed at laboratory.

Place and Duration of Study: The study of the diet of C. falciformis was carried out at the laboratory of the Oceanological Research Centre (ORC) between April 2019 and August 2020.

Methodology: To carry out this study, measurements and extractions of the stomachs of silky sharks were performed using a tape measure and dissection kit. Diet was described using the Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). The food overlap between sexes, size groups and marine seasons were analysed using the Morisita index.

Results: A total of 265 specimens ranging in size from 79 to 254 cm total length were used. Of the stomachs examined, 163 individuals had food contents (61.51%), whilst 102 were empty (38.49%). The results indicated that silky shark has epipelagic and mesobathypelagic feeding habits, preying upon a wide number of prey taxa (33 species) but with a diet dominated by teleost fishes, especially Thunnus albacares (60.62%IRI) and Katsuwonus pelamis (33.18%IRI). The Morisita index and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed similarity of the diet between sexes (Cλ > 0.60; Rs = 0.776 and p = 0.001 and marine seasons (Cλ > 0.60; Rs = 0.658 and p = 0.001). The juveniles and adults did not show any overlap. The Amundsen graphical (Fig. 3) analysis suggested that silky shark displays specialist feeding behaviour in this area.

Conclusion: Diet consisted mainly of T. albacares and K. pelamis, the proportions of which varied according to size and marine seasons. Carcharhinus falciformis is considered to be a specialist predator.
Serum Progesterone Level at the Day Prior to Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer and Pregnancy Rate
Authors: Elewa Merihan Mohamed , Eldorf Ayman Abdelaziz , Elshorbagy Shahinaz Hamdy , Abdallah Manal Mostafa
Published: August 2021

Background: Cryopreservation's success rate varies depending on woman age, as low as 14.8% (if eggs were extracted from 40-year-old women), and as high as 31.5% with 25-year-old women. The goal of the research is to improve laboratory methods for freezing-thawing embryos, leading to elevated embryo survival rate. Yet, in hormonal replacement therapy frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycles, effective endometrial preparation before embryo transfer attracted less focus. The present research’s aim is to see whether there's a link between blood progesterone levels and pregnancy rates the day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer.

Methods: This prospective observational research has investigated 120 patients of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle treatment, only 100 individuals subdivided to 2 groups for serum level of progesterone one day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The subjects visited both the Obstetrical and Gynecological Department of Tanta University as well as private centers between May 2020 and January 2021.

Results: We discovered no correlation between maternal age with pregnancy test results. Yet, our study discovered highly significant variation among both groups regarding endometrial thickness one day preceding embryo transfer, and regarding pregnancy rate (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The serum progesterone hormone preceding frozen embryo transfer has significant and direct relation and impact upon pregnancy rates. The present research detected low serum progesterone less than 10 nanograms/ml in the day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer in HRT-FET cycles significantly decreased probability of ongoing pregnancy post frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Role of CT Scan in Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection- A Review
Authors: El-Kenawy Hossam A. , Abdulrahmana Balto, Abdulaziz , Almutawah Fatimah Hussain Mohammed , Alqahtani Mohammed Saad Alamir , Ghulman Maan Bassam , Mohammedsaleh Maani Mahmoud , Abdulaziz Alsalhi M. Turki , Suqair Abdulrahman Mohammad A. AL , Ahmed Moayad Khalid , Mansour S. Aldhahri Abdulrahman , Aloufi Hatim Bakheet , AlAli Danah Yousif , Alabidan Nurah Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Since it was declared a worldwide pandemic, COVID-19 has ravaged almost all over the world and has overloaded several health-care systems. The pandemic also resulted in job losses as a result of lengthy shutdowns, which burdened the global economy. Even though significant clinical research progress has led to a better perceiving of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) nature and the disease (COVID-19) management, preventing the virus's spread has become a major concern as SARS-CoV-2 continues to wreak havoc around the world. Several countries suffered from the second or third wave of viral disease outbreaks, primarily caused by the mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Imaging is critical in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with new coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). The primary imaging modality in clinically suspected cases is CT scan and it is useful for monitoring imaging changes following therapy. Therefore, CT is regarded as a useful diagnostic technique for clinically suspected cases of COVID-19. CT has the ability to detect patients who have a negative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but are highly suspicious of NCIP in terms of clinical problems. In addition, the results of a CT scan may also reveal information concerning the severity of the condition. In this review article, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is discussed and CT characteristics are defined based on the newest research for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19.
Relationship between Intelligence Quotient, Academic Motivation and Academic Performance in Secondary School Students
Authors: Ilo Ekenedilichukwu , Onyejesi Chibuike
Published: August 2021

Background: Students’ academic performance is affected by personal factors such as students’ effort, previous schooling, parent’s educational background, self motivation and intelligence.

Aim: To determine how academic motivation and intelligence quotient uniquely contribute to differences in students' academic performance.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Methodology: The study was carried out on 405 selected students from both private and public secondary schools in Enugu-East Local Government Area, study participants aged 9 through 15 years which is within the eligible ages for the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. Academic scores in three subjects were obtained from the schools. Intelligence quotient was measured using Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and Academic motivation was measured using the Academic motivation scale modified for use among secondary school students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on age, gender and parent’s educational level.

Results: Approximately 50% of study participants had an IQ 100 and above and 7.5% were intellectually superior scoring above the 95th percentile. IQ and academic motivation significantly predicted academic performance accounting for 29.9% of variance in academic performance(p<0.001).

Conclusion: Academic motivation plays a role in students’ success and academic performance. IQ alone does not account for the differences in academic performance among students.
Self‐Organized Co3O4‐SrCO3 Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Bing , Zhou Zi Ren , Wu Xue Feng , Zheng Li Rong , Dai Sheng , Chen Ai Ping , Hou Yu , Yang Hua Gui , Yang Shuang
Published: August 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are expected to profoundly impact the photovoltaic society on account of its high‐efficiency and cost‐saving manufacture. As a key component in efficient PSCs, the hole transport layer (HTL) can selectively collect photogenerated carriers from perovskite absorbers and prevent the charge recombination at interfaces. However, the mainstream organic HTLs generally require multi‐step synthesis and hygroscopic dopants that significantly limit the practical application of PSCs. Here, a self‐organized percolative architecture composed of narrow bandgap oxides (e.g., Co3O4, NiO, CuO, Fe2O3, and MnO2) and wide bandgap SrCO3 oxysalt as efficient HTLs for PSCs is presented. The percolation of dual phases offers nanosized hole transport pathways and optimized interfacial band alignments, enabling significantly improved charge collection compared with the single phase HTLs. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency boosted from 8.08% of SrCO3 based device and 15.47% of Co3O4 based device to 21.84% of Co3O4‐SrCO3 based one without notable hysteresis. The work offers a new direction by employing percolative materials for efficient charge transport and collection in PSCs, and would be applicable to a wide range of opto‐electronic thin film devices.
3D Printing of Elastomeric Bioinspired Complex Adhesive Microstructures
Authors: Dayan Cem Balda , Chun Sungwoo , Krishna‐Subbaiah Nagaraj , Drotlef Dirk‐Michael , Akolpoglu Mukrime Birgul , Sitti Metin
Published: August 2021

Bioinspired elastomeric structural adhesives can provide reversible and controllable adhesion on dry/wet and synthetic/biological surfaces for a broad range of commercial applications. Shape complexity and performance of the existing structural adhesives are limited by the used specific fabrication technique, such as molding. To overcome these limitations by proposing complex 3D microstructured adhesive designs, a 3D elastomeric microstructure fabrication approach is implemented using two‐photon‐polymerization‐based 3D printing. A custom aliphatic urethane‐acrylate‐based elastomer is used as the 3D printing material. Two designs are demonstrated with two combined biological inspirations to show the advanced capabilities enabled by the proposed fabrication approach and custom elastomer. The first design focuses on springtail‐ and gecko‐inspired hybrid microfiber adhesive, which has the multifunctionalities of side‐surface liquid super‐repellency, top‐surface liquid super‐repellency, and strong reversible adhesion features in a single fiber array. The second design primarily centers on octopus‐ and gecko‐inspired hybrid adhesive, which exhibits the benefits of both octopus‐ and gecko‐inspired microstructured adhesives for strong reversible adhesion on both wet and dry surfaces, such as skin. This fabrication approach could be used to produce many other 3D complex elastomeric structural adhesives for future real‐world applications.
Direct Growth of van der Waals Tin Diiodide Monolayers
Authors: Yuan Qian‐Qian , Zheng Fawei , Shi Zhi‐Qiang , Li Qi‐Yuan , Lv Yang‐Yang , Chen Yanbin , Zhang Ping , Li Shao‐Chun
Published: August 2021

Two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have garnered considerable attention for their unique properties and potentials in a wide range of fields, which include nano‐electronics/optoelectronics, solar energy, and catalysis. Meanwhile, challenges in the approaches toward achieving high‐performance devices still inspire the search for new 2D vdW materials with precious properties. In this study, via molecular beam epitaxy, for the first time, the vdW SnI2 monolayer is successfully fabricated with a new structure. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterization, as corroborated by the density functional theory calculation, indicates that this SnI2 monolayer exhibits a band gap of ≈2.9 eV in the visible purple range, and an indirect‐ to direct‐band gap transition occurs in the SnI2 bilayer. This study provides a new semiconducting 2D material that is promising as a building block in future electronics/optoelectronics.
One‐pot Synthesis of a Truncated Cone‐shaped Porphyrin Macrocycle and Its Self‐assembly into Permanent Porous Material
Authors: Kim Ikjin , Dhamija Avinash , Hwang In‐Chul , Lee Hochan , Ko Young Ho , Kim Kimoon
Published: August 2021

Here, we report the synthesis of a truncated cone‐shaped triangular porphyrinic macrocycle, P3L3, via a single step imine condensation of a cis‐diaminophenylporphyrin and a bent dialdehyde‐based linker as building units. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the truncated cone‐shaped P3L3 molecules are stacked on top of each other by π⋯π and CH⋯π interactions, to form 1.7 nm wide hollow columns in the solid state. The formation of the triangular macrocycle is corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. The permanent porosity of the P3L3 crystals is demonstrated by several gas sorption experiments and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Ecthyma gangrenosum: A view of blood on the skin
Authors: Murteira Fábio , Leal Nuno , Silva Carina
Published: August 2021

Cutaneous findings should be actively sought in suspected cases of sepsis, as some of them (such as ecthyma gangrenosum) may provide clues about the infectious agent involved and the patient's immunosuppression status.
Rare silent ischemic ventricular septal aneurysm and rupture: A multimodality diagnostic approach
Authors: Nguyen Hong Loan , Palaskas Nicolas , Lakkis Nasser , Tabbaa Rashed
Published: August 2021

A multimodality approach in addition to high level of clinical suspicion and thorough physical examination is important in the diagnosis and management of left ventricular aneurysm and rupture after a silent inferior infarction.
Thrombus aspiration without stenting in a patient with anterior STEMI: Regression and healing of an unstable plaque assessed by OCT at 24 months of follow‐up
Authors: Babunashvili Avtandil , Pancholy Samir , Babunashvili Tamara , Prokhorov Alexander
Published: August 2021

In selected cases, when STEMI caused by mild or moderate degree lesion with a large concomitant thrombus, additional OCT‐guided PCI strategy after thrombus removal allows us to defer stenting with the follow‐up natural healing of the vessel wall.
Large abdominal purpura of neonatal retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Takemura Ryo , Wada Yoshiro
Published: August 2021

Large abdominal purpuras may be caused by retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with consumptive coagulopathy. Clinicians should perform serial ultrasonography studies to detect the sings of tumor until the final diagnosis is confirmed.
Persistent cutaneous lesion in a child with tyrosinemia: Esomeprazole‐induced lichenoid drug eruptions
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Saneian Hossein , Dehghani Shakiba
Published: August 2021

Lichenoid drug eruptions (LDEs) are among well‐recognized adverse reactions that different drugs including Proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with. LDEs are rare adverse reaction of PPIs but they should be considered as appropriate management can lead to full resolution. Herein, we report a case of Esomeprazole‐induced LDE in a child with tyrosinemia.
A case of metastatic NUT carcinoma with prolonged response on gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel
Authors: Patel Shetal A. , Singer Bart , Shen Colette , Zanation Adam M. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Weiss Jared
Published: August 2021

Background

NUT carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy characterized by translocations in the NUTM1 gene. There are currently no consensus treatment recommendations for NUT carcinomas.

Methods

Here, we describe the case of a previously healthy male diagnosed with NUT carcinoma after presenting with sinus pressure, found to have a sinonasal mass and distant metastatic disease in the lungs. While pathologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry were consistent with NUT carcinoma, initial genomic profiling did not demonstrate a NUTM1 translocation.

Results

Whole transcriptomic RNA sequencing of the tumor revealed a YAP1‐NUTM1 fusion. Based on an in vitro drug sensitivity screen, the patient was treated with gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel, achieving a partial response that persisted for 9 months.

Conclusions

Unbiased transcriptomic sequencing may identify previously uncharacterized NUTM1 fusion partners. Gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel is a well‐tolerated combination chemotherapy regimen and could offer a novel treatment approach for NUT carcinoma.
Ant‐induced alopecia: A new differential diagnosis for nonscarring alopecia
Authors: Ganjei Zakiye , Reisi‐Vanani Vahid , Razavi Seyede Zahra , Alizadeh Maryam
Published: August 2021

Ant‐induced alopecia is a rare condition caused by Pheidole pallidula species. This particular cause of nonscaring alopecia should be considered a new differential diagnosis.
Assessing the relationship between health and household portfolio allocation
Authors: Wu Stephen
Published: August 2021

This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between health and household portfolio allocation and provides updated empirical analysis based on recent data. Prior research finds robust evidence for cross‐sectional correlations between measures of health status and portfolio decisions, but establishing the causal pathways and underlying mechanisms has proven more difficult and complex. Analysis from the most recently available 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study yields results that are consistent with existing literature. Households with worse self‐reported health have a lower probability of holding various types of financial assets and invest a higher share of their portfolios in safe assets, relative to other asset categories. However, there is only weak evidence that new health shocks to a household change portfolio holdings. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research and directions for future work.
Galactose Grafted Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets as a Scaffold for the In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Potential Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Harikrishnan Kaloor S. , Krishnan Nithiyanandan , Kumar Nilima Manoj , Krishna Anusree , Raj Gowtham , Perumal Devanathan , Kalathil Jemshiya , Krishna Jithu , Varghese Reji
Published: August 2021

Two major hurdles in NP‐based catalysis are the aggregation of the NPs and their recycling. Immobilization of NPs onto a 2D support is the most promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Herein, amphiphilicity‐driven self‐assembly of galactose‐hexaphenylbenzene‐based amphiphiles into galactose‐decorated 2D nanosheet is reported. The extremely dense decoration of reducing sugar on the surface of the sheets is used for the in situ synthesis and immobilization of ultrafine catalytically active AgNPs by using Tollens’ reaction. The potential of the system as a catalyst for the reduction of various nitroaromatics is demonstrated. Enhanced catalytic activity is observed for the immobilized AgNPs when compared to the corresponding discrete AgNPs. Recovery of the catalytic system from the reaction mixture by ultrafiltration and its subsequent recycling for several cycles without dropping its activity is shown. This is the first report demonstrating the in situ synthesis and immobilization of ultrafine AgNPs onto a 2D nanosheet that exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the reduction of nitroaromatics.
Current status of the satisfaction levels of adult patients receiving drugs for atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria
Authors: Kaneko Sakae , Nakahara Takeshi , Sumikawa Yasuyuki , Fukunaga Atsushi , Masuda Koji , Kakamu Takeyasu , Morita Eishin
Published: August 2021

Objectives

The satisfaction level of adult patients receiving drugs for atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria is unclear. The objective of this multicenter study was to assess the satisfaction level of adult patients receiving treatment for allergic skin diseases, primarily atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria.

Methods

We developed a self‐administered questionnaire with multiple‐choice questions on patient characteristics, quality of life (QOL), and Abbreviated Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM‐9). We surveyed 302 patients receiving dermatological treatment.

Results

The global satisfaction of patients (TSQM‐9) was lower for atopic dermatitis treatment compared with that for chronic urticaria. For atopic dermatitis, dupilumab had higher scores for effectiveness and global satisfaction, whereas topical tacrolimus and moisturizers had higher scores for convenience. For chronic urticaria, omalizumab had higher scores for effectiveness and global satisfaction, while antihistamines had a higher score for convenience. The Dermatology Life Quality Index was significantly associated with treatment effectiveness and global satisfaction, and patient satisfaction improved with the corresponding improvement in the QOL. For atopic dermatitis, satisfaction with dupilumab was higher than that with conventional standard therapy, after the confounding factors were eliminated. However, the same trend was not observed for chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Conclusions

The satisfaction of the effectiveness for the biologic agents was higher, compared to that with conventional standard therapy. Treatment with biologics is worth exploring for patients who are not satisfied with their existing treatments.
A review on bi/multifunctional catalytic oxydehydration of bioglycerol to acrylic acid: Catalyst type, kinetics, and reaction mechanism
Authors: Abdullah Anas , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Ahmed Mukhtar , Okoye Patrick U. , Shahadat Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Acrylic acid, conventionally produced via propylene (non‐renewable fossil fuel route), is an industrially important chemical. The bio‐based feedstock process employing glycerol (a by‐product of biodiesel production) has attracted the attention of researchers due to its non‐polluting and renewable characteristics. Bi/multifunctional catalysts using a combination of zeolites, metal oxides, heteropoly acids, and phosphates have been mainly studied for the glycerol oxydehydration process. Brønsted acid sites favour acrolein generation over Lewis acid sites, whereas the redox sites convert the generated acrolein to acrylic acid. So far, the maximum acrylic acid yields of 60% and 59% have been reported on heteropoly acid and mixed metal oxide catalysts, respectively. Some DFT studies also revealed the deprotonation energy of acid sites and further helped in designing efficient catalysts. Despite these accomplishments, catalyst deactivation because of coking and stability remains a major problem. In this paper, various bi/multifunctional catalysts employed in glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid are critically reviewed. Different catalyst forms, preparation techniques, reaction kinetics, reaction mechanisms, deactivation, reactivation, process operating parameters, and sustainability are considered. In addition, the challenges associated with each catalyst type and strategies to overcome low yield, deactivation, and future directions are discussed.
Impact of radiation therapy facility volume on survival in patients with cancer
Authors: Tchelebi Leila T. , Shen Biyi , Wang Ming , Gusani Niraj J. , Walter Vonn , Abrams Ross , Verma Vivek , Zaorsky Nicholas G.
Published: August 2021

Background

This study examined whether radiation therapy facility volumes correlate with survival after curative intent treatment of solid tumors.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with solid tumors treated with curative‐intent radiation therapy from 2004‐2013. Facilities were stratified into 4 volume categories: low, intermediate, high, and very high. Primary cancer sites were divided into neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or definitive radiation subgroups. Kaplan‐Meier curves of 5‐year postradiation survival probability, stratified by facility volume, were generated with log‐rank tests for group comparisons. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of facility volume on survival, adjusted for multiple covariates.

Results

There were 253,422 patients treated at 1289 facilities: 6231 received neoadjuvant radiation, 147,980 received adjuvant radiation, and 99,211 received definitive radiation without surgery. Among patients receiving neoadjuvant radiation, survival correlated with facility volume for patients with rectal cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.6‐0.94; P = .01). For cancers of the breast and uterus, patients receiving adjuvant radiation at very high‐volume facilities (vs low volume) had improved survival (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.90; P < .001 and HR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.62‐0.97; P = .03, respectively). For patients receiving definitive radiation for prostate, non–small cell lung, pancreas, and head and neck cancer, there was an improvement in survival for patients treated at very high‐volume centers (P < .05).

Conclusions

For select cancer patients, treatment with curative radiation at higher volume facilities is associated with improved survival. In particular, patients receiving radiation therapy in the definitive setting without surgery may benefit most from treatment at high‐volume centers.
Gaussian Regularization of the Pseudospectrum and Davies’ Conjecture
Authors: Banks Jess , Kulkarni Archit , Mukherjee Satyaki , Srivastava Nikhil
Published: August 2021

A matrix is diagonalizable if it has a basis of linearly independent eigenvectors. Since the set of nondiagonalizable matrices has measure zero, every is the limit of diagonalizable matrices. We prove a quantitative version of this fact conjectured by E. B. Davies: for each , every matrix is at least ‐close to one whose eigenvectors have condition number at worst , for some depending only on n. We further show that the dependence on δ cannot be improved to for any constant .

Our proof uses tools from random matrix theory to show that the pseudospectrum of A can be regularized with the addition of a complex Gaussian perturbation. Along the way, we explain how a variant of a theorem of Śniady implies a conjecture of Sankar, Spielman, and Teng on the optimal constant for smoothed analysis of condition numbers. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parental separation or divorce and adulthood attachment: The mediating role of the Abandonment schema
Authors: D'Rozario Annelyse B. , Pilkington Pamela D.
Published: August 2021

This study investigated whether the Abandonment schema mediates the relationship between a history of parental separation or divorce and attachment styles in adulthood. Participants (N = 426; Mage = 30.78 years) completed online measures, using Qualtrics. Results demonstrated that a history of parental separation or divorce was positively associated with anxious and avoidant attachment styles in adulthood. Mediation analyses revealed that the Abandonment schema mediated these relationships (p < 0.001). This suggests that adults with a history of parental divorce or separation are more likely to report anxious and avoidant attachment styles, and this is partially accounted for by an expectation that they will be abandoned by others. These findings have implications for case formulation and can be used to inform treatment. Schema therapy focused on healing the Abandonment schema could promote attachment security in individuals with a history of parental separation or divorce. For example, limited reparenting (i.e., the therapist seeking to meet the client's unmet emotional needs, within the professional boundaries of the relationship), could be tailored to address the individual's underlying unmet need for security and stability. Further research is needed to advance our understanding of the implications of these findings for treatment.
Photoacoustic imaging of fresh human surgically and endoscopically resected gastrointestinal specimens
Authors: Ikematsu Hiroaki , Ishihara Miya , Okawa Shinpei , Minamide Tatsunori , Mitsui Tomohiro , Kuwata Takeshi , Ito Masaaki , Kinoshita Takahiro , Fujita Takeo , Yano Tomonori , Omori Toshihiko , Ozawa Satoshi , Murakoshi Dai , Irisawa Kaku , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: August 2021

Objective

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel noninvasive technique that offers high‐contrast tomographic imaging with ultrasound‐like resolution at depths of centimeters, enabling visualization of deep small vessels. The aim of this pilot study was to survey the characteristics of deep vessel networks in the mucosa of neoplastic gastrointestinal (GI) lesions using PA imaging.

Methods

Specimens of patients who had undergone surgical and endoscopic resection for GI lesions were included in this study. The PA/ultrasound imaging system for clinical research is characterized by a technology that can superimpose a PA image over an ultrasound image. Three‐dimensional PA images were acquired for the resected specimen before fixation. The stomach and colon of live pigs were incised, and the walls were scanned from the mucosa.

Results

A total of 32 specimens (nine esophageal, 12 gastric, 11 colorectal) were scanned. The pathological diagnoses were adenomas (n = 2), intramucosal cancers (n = 14), and invasive cancers (n = 16). The deep vessel networks of all lesions could be visualized. In the intramucosal lesions, the deep vessel network was similar to that of a normal tissue. In invasive cancers, the thick and prominent vessel network was visible in the surface layer of esophageal cancers, infiltrated area of gastric cancers, and surface layer and infiltrated area of colorectal cancers. In the images of living pigs, visualizing the vascular network deeper than the submucosa in both the stomach and large intestine was possible.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that the deep vessel networks of neoplastic GI lesions were visible by PA imaging.