bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Biology and recent treatment progress
Authors: Goto Hiroaki
Published: October 2015

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent cancer in children. Despite remarkable improvement in the prognosis of childhood ALL over the past few decades, the treatment of relapsed ALL is still challenging. The prognosis of first ALL relapse is associated with time of relapse after initial therapy, sites of relapse, and immunophenotype. More recently, response to treatment, which is evaluated by assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD), has been found to be clinically significant in relapsed ALL as well as in the initially diagnosed disease. Utilizing these factors, risk‐oriented treatment stratification for first ALL relapse has been established. In the standard‐risk group for first ALL relapse, intensification of conventional ALL‐type therapy can provide a cure in approximately 70% of patients. It is important to assess MRD after reinduction therapy to determine the indications for stem cell transplantation in the standard‐risk group. In contrast, no standardized therapy has been established for the high‐risk group, which accounts for more than half of relapsed ALL patients. Recent studies have shed light on the clonal origin of relapsed ALL, which usually exists as a minor subclone at the time of initial diagnosis. Clonal selection and evolution take place during chemotherapy, resulting in distinct genetic and epigenetic characteristics of relapsed ALL, some of which are linked to drug resistance, a common and problematic feature of ALL after relapse. To overcome resistance to standard ALL‐type therapy, and considering the heterogeneous biological background of high‐risk relapsed ALL, innovative therapies using new agents are necessary.
Comparative analysis of expressed CRN and RXLR effectors from two Plasmopara species causing grapevine and sunflower downy mildew
Authors: Mestre P. , Carrere S. , Gouzy J. , Piron M.‐C. , Tourvieille de Labrouhe D. , Vincourt P. , Delmotte F. , Godiard L.
Published: October 2015

Plasmopara halstedii and Plasmopara viticola are the causative agents of downy mildew of two economically important crops, sunflower and grapevine, respectively. These phylogenetically related oomycetes are obligate biotrophs belonging to Peronosporales but have different pathological profiles. Despite the economic importance of diseases caused by both Plasmopara, genomic resources are very limited and their effector repertoire is unknown. In this study parallel transcriptome sequencing of P. halstedii and P. viticola was performed, and a Plasmopara species cDNA database (PlasmoparaSp) released containing 46 000 clusters. In oomycetes, two classes of effectors are translocated into the host cytoplasm, the RXLRs and the CRNs. The PlasmoparaSp database was screened in order to identify the repertoire of expressed effectors used by both Plasmopara species; about 50 putative RXLR and 60 CRN were identified for each. These effectors were compared within both species and with seven publicly available oomycete species representative of Peronosporales and Albuginales. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of 55 RXLR families, 12 of them shared by both Plasmopara, and 19 showing amino acid conservation with predicted peptides from at least one oomycete species. Analyses of Plasmopara spp. CRN C‐terminal variable regions revealed sequence conservation inside Plasmopara spp. and across oomycetes, with the exception of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Finally, the analyses confirmed the presence of eight CRN C‐terminal domains described in Phytophthora infestans and identified CRN effectors showing similarity to serine proteases. Species‐specific effectors were identified that may be involved in host specificity, as well as effectors conserved among oomycetes that might play important roles in the pathogen biology.
Species composition and genetic structure of Fusarium graminearum species complex populations affecting the main barley growing regions of South America
Authors: Castañares E. , Dinolfo M. I. , Del Ponte E. M. , Pan D. , Stenglein S. A.
Published: October 2015

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), such as F. graminearum and F. asiaticum, are the main cause of fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and barley worldwide. In this study, 117 FGSC isolates obtained from commercial barley grain produced in Argentina (n = 43 isolates), Brazil (n = 35), and Uruguay (n = 39) were identified to species and trichothecene genotypes, and analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. In addition, reductase (RED) and trichothecene 3‐O‐acetyltransferase (Tri101) were sequenced for a subset of 24 isolates. The majority of the isolates (n = 103) were identified as F. graminearum, which was the only species found in Argentina. In Uruguay, only one F. cortaderiae isolate was found among F. graminearum isolates. In Brazil, F. graminearum also dominated the collection (22/35), followed by F. meridionale (8/35), F. asiaticum (2/35), F. cortaderiae (2/35) and F. austroamericanum (1/35). Species were structured by trichothecene genotype: all F. graminearum were of the 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON), F. meridionale, F. asiaticum and F. cortaderiae were of the nivalenol (NIV), and F. austroamericanum was of the 3‐ADON genotype. Both AFLP and SRAP data showed high levels of genetic variability, which was higher within than among countries. Isolates were not structured by country of origin. SRAP analysis grouped F. graminearum in a separate cluster from the other species within the complex. However, AFLP analysis failed to resolve the species into distinct clades with partial clustering of F. meridionale, F. austroamericanum, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates.
An ethoxylated surfactant enhances the penetration of the sulfated laminarin through leaf cuticle and stomata, leading to increased induced resistance against grapevine downy mildew
Authors: Paris Franck , Krzyżaniak Yuko , Gauvrit Christian , Jamois Frank , Domergue Frédéric , Joubès Jérôme , Ferrières Vincent , Adrian Marielle , Legentil Laurent , Daire Xavier , Trouvelot Sophie
Published: October 2015

Some β‐1,3‐glucans and particularly sulfated laminarin (PS3) are known as resistance inducers (RIs) in grapevine against the downy mildew. However, their efficacy in vineyard is still often too low, which might be caused by a limited penetration through the leaf cuticle following spray application. We used 14C‐sucrose uptake experiments with grapevine leaves in order to select a surfactant as saccharide penetration enhancer. Our results showed that although sucrose foliar uptake was low, it was strongly enhanced by Dehscofix CO125 (DE), a highly ethoxylated surfactant. Fluorescent saccharides were then produced and laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze their foliar diffusion pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine. Interestingly, sucrose and PS3 were seemingly able to penetrate the leaf cuticle only when formulated with DE. Diffusion could preferentially occur via stomata, anticlinal cell walls and trichomes. In grapevine, PS3 penetration rate was much higher on the stomateous abaxial surface of the leaf than on the adaxial surface. Finally, using DE allowed a higher level of downy mildew control by PS3, which corroborated diffusion observations. Our results have practical consequences for the improvement of treatments with saccharidic inducers on grape. That is, formulation of such RIs plays a critical role for their cuticular diffusion and consequently their efficacy. Also, spray application should preferentially target the abaxial surface of the leaves in order to maximize their penetration.
Why Are Some Policy Agendas Larger than Others?
Authors: Mortensen Peter B. , Seeberg Henrik B.
Published: October 2015

Most research on policy agendas is based on the assumption that space on the agenda is fixed and, hence, focuses on how problems compete for this limited agenda space. This article holds that policy agendas may be limited but not fixed, meaning that problems may not always be traded off but confronted through a larger policy agenda. Based on an extensive collection of local council agendas from 98 Danish municipalities over time, this article investigates variations in agenda size across local governments and examines the extent to which this reflects the local problem environment. The analysis reveals that a large council agenda arises in response to an unfriendly problem environment, particularly if there are many committees to channel problems onto the agenda and, to a lesser extent, if center‐left parties hold office.
Effect of Problem‐Solving Therapy on Depressed Low‐Income Homebound Older Adults' Death/Suicidal Ideation and Hopelessness
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , Marti C. Nathan , Conwell Yeates
Published: October 2015

Previous study findings of psychotherapy's effect on suicide prevention have been inconsistent. This study reports the results of secondary analyses of outcome data from a short‐term depression treatment on reducing death/suicidal ideation among 158 low‐income homebound adults aged 50+. The treatment, in‐person or telehealth problem‐solving therapy (PST), compared with telephone support call, has been found effective in reducing depressive symptoms and disability among participants. Compared with support call participants, tele‐PST participants, but not in‐person PST participants, exhibited lower ideation ratings across the follow‐up period. Effect sizes at 36 weeks were 0.31 for tele‐PST and 0.17 for in‐person PST. Hopelessness mediated the effect of tele‐PST but not in‐person PST; however, in‐person PST also alleviated hopelessness, which led to lower ideation. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Effect of ADAMTS13 activity turnaround time on plasma utilization for suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Connell Nathan T. , Cheves Tracey , Sweeney Joseph D.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) due to deficiency of the von Willebrand‐cleaving protease ADAMTS13 is a hematologic emergency that requires prompt initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Long turnaround times (TATs) have precluded the use of pre‐TPE measurement of ADAMTS13 activity for the initial diagnosis in most institutions.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

An in‐house rapid TAT (r‐TAT) assay for ADAMTS13 activity was implemented after 18 months of validation. In a quasi‐experimental design using interrupted time series analysis, patterns of plasma utilization in patients with suspected TTP were assessed after implementation of this assay for ADAMTS13 activity and compared to utilization patterns for patients who received plasma exchange before r‐TAT assay implementation designated the standard TAT period.

RESULTS

In the 18 months after implementation of the r‐TAT ADAMTS13 assay, there was a significant reduction in plasma utilization per patient suspected of having TTP (mean, 144.5 units vs. 63.3 units of plasma per patients suspected of having TTP; p = 0.002). The mean number of exchanges per patient and mean number of exchanges after achieving a platelet count of at least 150 × 109/L were lower in the r‐TAT cohort (p < 0.001 for both). There was no significant difference in 30‐day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of a rapid turnaround assay for ADAMTS13 resulted in a significant reduction in plasma utilization for patients with suspected TTP, without an increase in mortality. This study demonstrates that these data, provided in a timely fashion, can avoid unnecessary plasma exchange in patients who do not have TTP.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreases during storage of leukoreduced red blood cells
Authors: Peters Anna L. , van Bruggen Robin , de Korte Dirk , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F. , Vlaar Alexander P.J.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

During storage, the activity of the red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant system decreases. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is essential for protection against oxidative stress by producing NADPH. G6PD function of RBC transfusion products is reported to remain stable during storage, but activity was measured in hemolysates and not in individual RBCs. We hypothesized that analysis of G6PD activity in individual RBC identifies storage‐dependent changes in G6PD function.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Seven units of stored leukoreduced RBCs, stored in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol, were sampled every week up to 6 weeks of storage. G6PD activity was determined with the cytofluorometric method and expressed as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) per RBC.

RESULTS

During storage, G6PD activity decreased significantly. Mean MFI after 3 days of storage was 27.8 ± 8.8 and gradually decreased significantly to 18.0 ± 8.3 after 42 days.

CONCLUSION

G6PD activity decreases during storage of leukoreduced RBCs. Our results may form a new target to improve storage conditions of RBCs and subsequently improve the quality of transfusion products.
Can the interval between antibody identifications be increased for alloimmunized patients?
Authors: Goss Cheryl , Avecilla Scott T. , Garbaini Jennifer , Degtyaryova Diana , Lo Dian , Chang Dustin Y.M. , Cushing Melissa
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

New alloantibody formation is unpredictable in patients who have been previously alloimmunized. Pretransfusion testing is designed to detect these antibodies while antibody identification (ABI) techniques are designed to identify the specificity of the antibody. Pretransfusion testing intervals are prescribed by regulatory and accrediting agencies, intervals for ABI in alloimmunized patients are not. Our institution evaluated the safety of increasing the interval from every 72 hours to 14 days. The current 72‐hour interval was chosen at our institution to align with AABB Standard 5.14.3.2, which requires a pretransfusion specimen drawn within 3 days of the scheduled transfusion for potentially immunized patients.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Over 2 years, all ABI entries in the laboratory information system were screened. All cases of alloimmunized patients with an additional antibody specificity that developed within 14 days of a previous ABI were reviewed and confirmed by four transfusion medicine physicians.

RESULTS

Initially, 8948 entries were screened. Thirty patients were identified to have formed 33 newly identified clinically significant alloantibodies within 14 days. After further categorization, only 13 antibodies (0.15% of all ABIs, 0.47% of alloimmunized patients examined) were deemed to be newly formed clinically significant antibodies that would have led to a change in transfusion practice.

CONCLUSION

Retrospective analysis of ABI results over a 2‐year period revealed that 0.47% of previously alloimmunized patients that have samples for pretransfusion testing develop a new clinically significant alloantibody in 14 days or less. While there would be significant resource advantages to increasing the duration between repeat ABI, it does not outweigh the risk of a potential hemolytic transfusion reaction.
The Effectiveness of Manual Lymphatic Drainage in Patients With Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Majewski-Schrage Tricia , Snyder Kelli
Published: October 2015

Clinical Scenario:

Managing edema after trauma or injury is a primary concern for health care professionals, as it is theorized that delaying the removal of edema will increase secondary injury and result in a longer recovery period. The inflammatory process generates a series of events, starting with bleeding and ultimately leading to fluid accumulation in intercellular spaces and the formation of edema. Once edema is formed, the lymphatic system plays a tremendous role in removing excess interstitial fluid and returning the fluid to the circulatory system. Therefore, rehabilitation specialists ought to use therapies that enhance the uptake of edema via the lymphatic system to manage edema; however, the modalities commonly used are ice, compression, and elevation. Modalities such as these may be effective at preventing swelling but present limited evidence to suggest that the function of the lymphatic system is enhanced. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a manual therapy technique that assists the lymphatic system function by promoting variations in interstitial pressures by applying light pressure using different hand movements.

Focused Clinical Question:

Does MLD improve patient- and disease-oriented outcomes for patients with orthopedic injuries?
An Exertional Heat Stroke Survivor’s Return to Running: An Integrated Approach on Treatment, Recovery, and Return to Activity
Authors: Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Huggins Robert A. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: October 2015

Context:

Evidence-based best practices for the recognition and treatment of exertional heat stroke (EHS) indicate that rectal thermometry and immediate, aggressive cooling via cold-water immersion ensure survival from this medical condition. However, little is known about the recovery, medical follow-up, and return to activity after an athlete has suffered EHS.

Objective:

To highlight the transfer of evidenced-based research into clinical practice by chronicling the treatment, recovery, and return to activity of a runner who suffered an EHS during a warm-weather road race.

Design:

Case study.

Setting:

Warm-weather road race.

Participant:

53-y-old recreationally active man.

Intervention:

A runner’s treatment, recovery, and return to activity from EHS and 2014 Falmouth Road Race performance.

Main Outcomes:

Runner’s perceptions and experiences with EHS, body temperature, heart rate, hydration status, exercise intensity.

Results:

The runner successfully completed the 2014 Falmouth Road Race without incident of EHS. Four dominant themes emerged from the data: predisposing factors, ideal treatment, lack of medical follow-up, and patient education. The first theme identified 3 predisposing factors that contributed to the runner’s EHS: hydration, sleep loss, and lack of heat acclimatization. The runner received ideal treatment using evidence-based best practices. A lack of long-term medical care following the EHS with no guidance on the runner’s return to full activity was observed. The runner knew very little about EHS before the 2013 race, which drove him to seek knowledge as to why he suffered EHS. Using this newly learned information, he successfully completed the 2014 Falmouth Road Race without incident.

Conclusions:

This case supports prior literature examining the factors that predispose individuals to EHS. Although evidence-based best practices regarding prompt recognition and treatment of EHS ensure survival, this case highlights the lack of medical follow-up and physician-guided return to activity after EHS.
Should Cooling Vests Be Used to Treat Exertional Heatstroke? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Keen Megan L. , Miller Kevin C.
Published: October 2015

Clinical Scenario:

Exercise performed in hot and humid environments increases core body temperature (TC). If TC exceeds 40.5°C for prolonged periods of time, exertional heat stroke (EHS) may occur. EHS is a leading cause of sudden death in athletes. Mortality and morbidity increase the longer the patient’s TC remains above 40.5°C; thus, it is imperative to initiate cooling as quickly as possible. Acceptable cooling rates in EHS situations are 0.08–0.15°C/min, while ideal cooling rates are above 0.16°C/min. Cooling vests are popular alternatives for cooling hyperthermic adults. Most vests cover the anterior and posterior torso and have varying numbers of pouches for phase-change materials (eg, gel packs); some vests only use circulating water to cool. While cooling vests offer several advantages (eg, portability), studies demonstrating their effectiveness at rapidly reducing TC in EHS scenarios are limited.

Clinical Question:

Are TC cooling rates acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min) when hyperthermic humans are treated with cooling vests postexercise?

Summary of Findings:

No significant differences in TC cooling rates occurred between cooling vests and no cooling vests. Cooling rates across all studies were ≤0.053°C/min.

Clinical Bottom Line:

Cooling vests do not provide acceptable cooling rates of hyperthermic humans postexercise and should not be used to treat EHS. Instead, EHS patients should be treated with cold-water immersion within 30 min of collapse to avoid central nervous system dysfunction and organ failure.

Strength of Recommendation:

Strong evidence (eg, level 2 studies with PEDro scores ≥5) suggests that cooling vests do not reduce TC quickly and thus should not be used in EHS scenarios.
Hip Rotations’ Influence of Electromyographic Activity of Gluteus Medius Muscle During Pelvic-Drop Exercise
Authors: Monteiro Renan Lima , Facchini Joana Hoverter , de Freitas Diego Galace , Callegari Bianca , João Sílvia Maria Amado
Published: October 2015

Context:

Pelvic-drop exercises are often used to strengthen the gluteus medius (GM) muscle with the aim of increasing or prioritizing its recruitment. However, the effect of hip rotation on the performance of the action of the GM is unknown.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of hip rotation on the recruitment of the GM, tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and quadratus lumborum (QL).

Method:

Seventeen healthy subjects performed 2 sets of 4 repetitions of pelvic-drop exercise in random order with pelvic-drop lateral, medial, and neutral rotation of the hip.

Main Outcome Measures:

The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the GM, TFL, and QL was evaluated using surface electromyography.

Results:

There were significant increases in the activation of the GM with medial and neutral rotation compared with lateral rotation (P = .03, P = .01, respectively), and there was no difference between medial and neutral rotation (P = 1.00). There was no difference in EMG activity of the TFL and QL in any of the positions. The GM:TFL ratio was the same in all analyzed positions. Regarding the GM:QL ratio, there was a significant increase with medial rotation compared with lateral rotation (P = .02).

Conclusions:

Pelvic-drop exercises are more efficient for activating the GM when the hip is in medial rotation and neutral position.
The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet
Authors: Robinson Jason Lorne
Published: October 2015

The metabolism of the indispensable amino acid methionine is critical during development. Methionine is used to synthesize protein for growth and, using the methionine cycle, it is the precursor of >50 critical nutrients and contributes to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the dietary methionine requirement must factor all the potential roles of methioine. Three major processes summarize the methionine cycle: transmethylation (TM), which transfers methyl groups to nutrient precursors and DNA; transsulfuration (TS), which represents methionine disposal; and remethylation (RM), which resynthesizes methionine using the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). Dietary intakes of folate vary drastically, and choline intakes are often below the adequate intakes during pregnancy and in early life, which we hypothesized would influence the methionine requirement. To test our hypothesis, we fed 4- to 8-day-old neonatal piglets a low-methionine diet that was either deficient (MD−) or replete (MS+) in dietary methyl donors. We evaluated how methionine was balanced between the major TM reactions and protein synthesis. The MD− group exhibited marked differences in TM as creatine synthesis was ≈30% less (p < 0.05) and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was ≈60% more (p < 0.05) during MD− feeding. Interestingly, while MD− feeding did not affect liver protein synthesis, the methionine availability and protein synthesis were lower in skeletal muscle of the MD− versus MS+ animals (p < 0.05). Furthermore, whole-body protein turnover was also reduced during MD− feeding (p < 0.05), which is significant as protein turnover is especially critical during infancy. Next, we measured the effect of methyl donors on the rates of TM, TS, and RM. The rates of RM and TM were reduced by ≈75% in the MD− group (p < 0.05), while TS was unchanged. To evaluate the effectiveness of individual methyl donors on RM, we “rescued” a second group of MD− animals with betaine (MD + B), folate (MD + F) or both (MD + FB). The rate of RM and TM increased by ≈2-fold after rescue (p < 0.05) and reduced protein breakdown (p < 0.05). These studies showed that dietary methyl donors affect neonatal methionine metabolism, which should be considered when defining the dietary requirements of methionine during development.
Dehn’s algorithm for simple diagrams
Authors: Frohman Charles , Kania-Bartoszynska Joanna
Published: October 2015

Dehn gave an algorithm for deciding if two cyclic words in the standard presentation of the fundamental group of a closed oriented surface of positive genus represent the same conjugacy class. A simple diagram on a surface is a disjoint union of simple closed curves none of which bound a disk. If [Formula: see text] is a once punctured closed surface of negative Euler characteristic, simple diagrams are classified up to isotopy by their geometric intersection numbers with the edges of an ideal triangulation of [Formula: see text]. Simple diagrams on the unpunctured surface [Formula: see text] can be represented by simple diagrams on [Formula: see text]. The weight of a simple diagram is the sum of its geometric intersection numbers with the edges of the triangulation. We show that you can pass from any representative to a least weight representative via a sequence of elementary moves, that monotonically decrease weights. This leads to a geometric analog of Dehn’s algorithm for simple diagrams.
Gravitational collapse in the AdS background and the black hole formation
Authors: Allahyari Alireza , Firouzjaee Javad T. , Mansouri Reza
Published: October 2015

We study the time evolution of the Misner-Sharp mass and the apparent horizon for gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field in the [Formula: see text] spacetime for both cases of narrow and broad waves by numerically solving the Einstein’s equations coupled to a massless scalar field. This is done by relying on the full dynamics of the collapse including the concept of the dynamical horizon. It turns out that the Misner-Sharp mass is everywhere constant except for a rapid change across a thin shell defined by the density profile of the collapsing wave. By studying the evolution of the apparent horizon, indicating the formation of a black hole at different times we see how asymptotically an event horizon forms. The dependence of the thermalization time on the radius of the initial black hole event horizon is also studied.
Plus ultra
Authors: Wagner Frank O.
Published: October 2015

We define a reasonably well-behaved class of ultraimaginaries, i.e. classes modulo [Formula: see text]-invariant equivalence relations, called tame, and establish some basic simplicity-theoretic facts. We also show feeble elimination of supersimple ultraimaginaries: If [Formula: see text] is an ultraimaginary definable over a tuple [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is eliminable up to rank [Formula: see text]. Finally, we prove some uniform versions of the weak canonical base property.
One-sided sharp order in rings
Authors: Marovt Janko
Published: October 2015

We generalize the notion of the left-sharp and the right-sharp partial orders to [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a ring with identity and [Formula: see text] the subset of elements in [Formula: see text] which have the group inverse. We connect these orders to well-known sharp and minus partial orders. Properties of one-sided sharp partial orders in [Formula: see text] are studied and some known results are generalized.
On modules with cyclic socle
Authors: Assem Ali
Published: October 2015

The extension problem for linear codes over modules with respect to Hamming weight was already settled in [J. A. Wood, Code equivalence characterizes finite Frobenius rings, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 136 (2008) 699–706; Foundations of linear codes defined over finite modules: The extension theorem and MacWilliams identities, in Codes Over Rings, Series on Coding Theory and Cryptology, Vol. 6 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2009), pp. 124–190]. A similar problem arises naturally with respect to symmetrized weight compositions (SWC). In 2009, Wood proved that Frobenius bimodules have the extension property (EP) for SWC. More generally, in [N. ElGarem, N. Megahed and J. A. Wood, The extension theorem with respect to symmetrized weight compositions, in 4th Int. Castle Meeting on Coding Theory and Applications (2014)], it is shown that having a cyclic socle is sufficient for satisfying the property, while the necessity remained an open question. Here, landing in midway, a partial converse is proved. For a (not small) class of finite module alphabets, the cyclic socle is shown necessary to satisfy the EP. The idea is bridging to the case of Hamming weight through a new weight function.

Note: All rings are finite with unity, and all modules are finite too. This may be re-emphasized in some statements. The convention for left homomorphisms is that inputs are to the left.
Mersenne primes and solvable Sylow numbers
Authors: Li Tian-Ze , Liu Yan-Jun
Published: October 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime. The Sylow [Formula: see text]-number of a finite group [Formula: see text], which is the number of Sylow [Formula: see text]-subgroups of [Formula: see text], is called solvable if its [Formula: see text]-part is congruent to [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] for any prime [Formula: see text]. P. Hall showed that solvable groups only have solvable Sylow numbers, and M. Hall showed that the Sylow [Formula: see text]-number of a finite group is the product of two kinds of factors: of prime powers [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] (mod [Formula: see text]) and of the number of Sylow [Formula: see text]-subgroups in certain finite simple groups (involved in [Formula: see text]). These classical results lead to the investigation of solvable Sylow numbers of finite simple groups. In this paper, we show that a finite nonabelian simple group has only solvable Sylow numbers if and only if it is isomorphic to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] a Mersenne prime.
Prediction of kinase–substrate relations based on heterogeneous networks
Authors: Li Haichun , Wang Minghui , Xu Xiaoyi
Published: October 2015

Protein phosphorylation catalyzed by kinases plays essential roles in various intracellular processes. With an increasing number of phosphorylation sites verified experimentally by high-throughput technologies and assigned as substrates of specific kinases, prediction of potential kinase–substrate relations (KSRs) attracts increasing attention. Although a large number of computational methods have been designed, most of them only focus on local protein sequence information. A few KSR prediction approaches integrate protein–protein interaction and protein sequence information into existing machine learning algorithms at the cost of high feature dimensions or reduced sensitivity. In this work, we introduce two novel heterogeneous networks, HetNet-PPI and HetNet-SEQ, by incorporating PPI and similarity of protein sequences into the kinase–substrate heterogeneous networks, respectively. Based on these two heterogeneous networks, we further propose two new KSR prediction methods, HeteSim-PPI and HeteSim-SEQ, by adopting the HeteSim algorithm, which is recently proposed for relevance measure in heterogeneous information networks. Comprehensive evaluation results of the two methods show that similarity of protein sequences is more effective in improving KSR prediction performance as HeteSim-SEQ outperforms HeteSim-PPI in most cases. Further comparison results demonstrate that HeteSim-SEQ is superior to existing methods including BDT, SVM and iGPS, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed network-based method in predicting potential KSRs.
Detecting differentially expressed genes by smoothing effect of gene length on variance estimation
Authors: Tang Jinyang , Wang Fei
Published: October 2015

Next-generation sequencing technologies are widely used in genome research, and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is becoming the main application for gene expression profiling. A large number of computational methods have been developed for analyzing differentially expressed (DE) genes in RNA-Seq data. However, most existing algorithms prefer to call long genes as DE. Short DE genes are rarely detected. In this work, we set out to gain insight into the influence of gene length on RNA-Seq data analysis and to figure out the effect of gene length on variance estimation of RNA-Seq read counts, which is important for statistic test to identify DE genes. We proposed a balanced method of hunting for short DE genes with significance by smoothing a gene length factor. Computational experiments indicate that our method performs well.

Software available: http://www.iipl.fudan.edu.cn/lenseq/ .
Rationally Designed Carbon Fiber@NiCo2O4@Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanowire Array for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Chen Tingting , Fan Yong , Wang Guangning , Zhang Jing , Chuo Huixin , Yang Ruixiao
Published: October 2015

The composite supercapacitor electrodes were rationally fabricated by facile electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) on NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays which were grown radially on carbon fiber (CF). When used as electrodes in supercapacitors, the composite nanostructures demonstrated prominent electrochemical performances with a high areal capacitance (1.44[Formula: see text]F/cm2 at a current density of 2[Formula: see text]mA/cm2), a good rate capability (80.5% when the current density increases from 2[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 to 20[Formula: see text]mA/cm2), and a good cycling ability (85% of the initial specific capacitance remained after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 10[Formula: see text]mA/cm2). The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4@PPy nanostructures can be mainly ascribed to the good electrical conductivity of PPy, the enhanced adherent force between electrode materials and CF to hold the electrode fragments together by means of NiCo2O4 nanowires, the short ion diffusion pathway in ordered porous NiCo2O4 nanowires and the three-dimensional nanostructures.
Morphological Dependence of Field Emission Properties of Silicon Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Sahoo Sumanta Kumar , Marikani Arumugam
Published: October 2015

The electron field emission (EFE) properties of vertically aligned arrays of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) grown from silicon substrate at different gold sputtering periods of 0[Formula: see text]s, 8[Formula: see text]s, 15[Formula: see text]s and 25[Formula: see text]s at a rate of 10[Formula: see text]nm/min by electroless metal deposition process were investigated. It has been observed that the transformation of silicon tips from irregular to highly dense and uniform cylindrical morphological nanostructures with an increase in Au sputtering periods. A significant enhancement in EFE properties of as-prepared arrays of SiNWs with the increase in Au sputtering periods is observed. The threshold fields for attaining current density of 0.1[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] were decreased gradually as 32.38[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], 29.37[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and 23.19[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] for the arrays of SiNWs synthesized from Si substrate by Au coating of 8[Formula: see text]s, 15[Formula: see text]s and 25[Formula: see text]s respectively. Moreover, from Fowler–Nordheim plot, the turn-on field is observed to decrease from 16.56[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] for as-prepared to 8.77[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] for 25[Formula: see text]s Au sputtered SiNW arrays. The effective work functions of the electron emitting array of SiNWs have been improved from 0.5[Formula: see text]meV to 0.1[Formula: see text]meV.
Synthesis of CeO2/e-HTiNbO5 Nanocomposite and Its Application for Photocatalytic Oxidation Desulfurization
Authors: Zhang Yuanjiao , Wang Ningning , He Jie , Da Liangguo , Li Zhong
Published: October 2015

Nanoscaled CeO2/e-HTiNbO5 composite was assembled by a facile process using colloidal TiNbO[Formula: see text] (e-HTiNbO5) nanosheet and CeO2 colloid as precursors at room temperature. The nanosheet e-HTiNbO5 was obtained through proton-exchange and exfoliation process from its parent KTiNbO5. The microstructures and properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), etc. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanocomposite is evaluated by the adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation of ethyl mercaptan (EM) under natural light irradiation. The results show that CeO2 nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly on the surface of e-HTiNbO5 and the layered structure of e-HTiNbO5 nanosheet maintains integrity. The interaction between dispersed CeO2 particles and e-HTiNbO5 results in lower bandgap compared to its precursors, and the photocatalytic activity of CeO2/e-HTiNbO5 are enhanced under natural light irradiation.
New Pathways Towards Efficient Metallic Spin Hall Spintronics
Authors: Jungfleisch Matthias Benjamin , Zhang Wei , Jiang Wanjun , Hoffmann Axel
Published: October 2015

Spin Hall effects (SHEs) interconvert spin- and charge currents due to spin–orbit interaction, which enables convenient electrical generation and detection of diffusive spin currents and even collective spin excitations in magnetic solids. Here, we review recent experimental efforts exploring efficient spin Hall detector materials as well as new approaches to drive collective magnetization dynamics and to manipulate spin textures by SHEs. These studies are also expected to impact practical spintronics applications beyond their significance in fundamental research.
Breath Hydrogen as a Biomarker for Glucose Malabsorption after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Andalib Iman , Shah Hiral , Bal Bikram S. , Shope Timothy R. , Finelli Frederick C. , Koch Timothy R.
Published: October 2015

Objective. Abdominal symptoms are common after bariatric surgery, and these individuals commonly have upper gut bacterial overgrowth, a known cause of malabsorption. Breath hydrogen determination after oral glucose is a safe and inexpensive test for malabsorption. This study is designed to investigate breath hydrogen levels after oral glucose in symptomatic individuals who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.Methods. This is a retrospective study of individuals (n=63; 60 females; 3 males; mean age 49 years) who had gastric bypass surgery and then glucose breath testing to evaluate abdominal symptoms.Results. Among 63 postoperative individuals, 51 (81%) had a late rise (≥45 minutes) in breath hydrogen or methane, supporting glucose malabsorption; 46 (90%) of these 51 subjects also had an early rise (≤30 minutes) in breath hydrogen or methane supporting upper gut bacterial overgrowth. Glucose malabsorption was more frequent in subjects with upper gut bacterial overgrowth compared to subjects with no evidence for bacterial overgrowth (P<0.001).Conclusion. These data support the presence of intestinal glucose malabsorption associated with upper gut bacterial overgrowth in individuals with abdominal symptoms after gastric bypass surgery. Breath hydrogen testing after oral glucose should be considered to evaluate potential malabsorption in symptomatic, postoperative individuals.
P300 and Decision Making under Risk and Ambiguity
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Jiehui , Huang Shenwei , Sun Haoye
Published: October 2015

Our study aims to contrast the neural temporal features of early stage of decision making in the context of risk and ambiguity. In monetary gambles under ambiguous or risky conditions, 12 participants were asked to make a decision to bet or not, with the event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded meantime. The proportion of choosing to bet in ambiguous condition was significantly lower than that in risky condition. An ERP component identified as P300 was found. The P300 amplitude elicited in risky condition was significantly larger than that in ambiguous condition. The lower bet rate in ambiguous condition and the smaller P300 amplitude elicited by ambiguous stimuli revealed that people showed much more aversion in the ambiguous condition than in the risky condition. The ERP results may suggest that decision making under ambiguity occupies higher working memory and recalls more past experience while decision making under risk mainly mobilizes attentional resources to calculate current information. These findings extended the current understanding of underlying mechanism for early assessment stage of decision making and explored the difference between the decision making under risk and ambiguity.
Planetary Gearbox Vibration Signal Characteristics Analysis and Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Miao Qiang , Zhou Qinghua
Published: October 2015

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in helicopters, wind turbines, mining machinery, and so forth. The structure and motion type of a planetary gearbox are more complex in comparison with a fixed-shaft one, which makes condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox a challenging issue in practical applications. In order to understand the fundamental nature of planetary gearbox vibration, this paper conducts an investigation on vibration characteristics of a single-stage planetary gearbox. Assuming that the gearbox and the sensor revolve inversely at the speed of planet carrier, the problem can be transformed into two easier parts: research on fixed-shaft gearbox signal model and research on influence of sensor spinning. Based on this assumption, a vibration signal model of planetary gearbox is obtained. Experimental data are used to validate the model.
Research for Global Coordinating Method of Large Equipment Scheduling in Construction Site
Authors: Ruojun Yao , Guangwen Ma , Lianghai Jin
Published: October 2015

Much energy is dissipated when large equipment moves slowly. Generally, equipment scheduling at construction site is supposed to minimize equipment slowdown and deadhead moving. Table methods are always adopted to optimize transfer sequence, but the feasible solution is well disappointing. For the acceptable solution relevant to task points in construction equipment scheduling, transfer table is divided into four regions. After proper augmentation and deflation, the acceptable solution evolves into global coordinating solution of construction scheduling, which contributes to minimizing slowdown and deadhead mileages. This method has been verified in practical engineering and is a significant reference on decision making of construction equipment scheduling.
Improving the Output Power Stability of a High Concentration Photovoltaic System with Supercapacitors: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Huang Yu-Pei , Tsai Peng-Fei
Published: October 2015

The output power of a high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system is very sensitive to fluctuating tracking errors and weather patterns. To help compensate this shortcoming, supercapacitors have been successfully incorporated into photovoltaic systems to improve their output power stability. This study examined the output power stability improvement of an HCPV module with a supercapacitor integrated into its circuit. Furthermore, the equivalent model of the experimental circuit is presented and analyzed. Experimental results suggest that integrating a supercapacitor into an HCPV module could improve its output power stability and further extend its acceptance angle. This paper provides preliminary data of the improvement and its evaluation method, which could be utilized for further improvements to an HCPV system.
Pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Role and Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Hermouet Sylvie , Bigot-Corbel Edith , Gardie Betty
Published: October 2015

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases characterized by the excessive and chronic production of mature cells from one or several of the myeloid lineages. Recent advances in the biology of MPNs have greatly facilitated their molecular diagnosis since most patients present with mutation(s) in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. Yet the roles played by these mutations in the pathogenesis and main complications of the different subtypes of MPNs are not fully elucidated. Importantly, chronic inflammation has long been associated with MPN disease and some of the symptoms and complications can be linked to inflammation. Moreover, the JAK inhibitor clinical trials showed that the reduction of symptoms linked to inflammation was beneficial to patients even in the absence of significant decrease in the JAK2‐V617F mutant load. These observations suggested that part of the inflammation observed in patients with JAK2‐mutated MPNs may not be the consequence of JAK2 mutation. The aim of this paper is to review the different aspects of inflammation in MPNs, the molecular mechanisms involved, the role of specific genetic defects, and the evidence that increased production of certain cytokines depends or not on MPN‐associated mutations, and to discuss possible nongenetic causes of inflammation.
Initial In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Wu Guanghui , Lin Changyan , Li Haiyang , Hou Xiaotong , Chen Chen , Liu Xiujian , Xu Chuangye , Wang Jing , Yang Peng , Qu Wenbo
Published: October 2015

The aim of the study was to use the ovine model to evaluate the hemocompatibility and end-organ effects of a newly developed magnetic suspension centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) by CH Biomedical Inc., Jiangsu, China. The LVADs were implanted in 6 healthy sheep, where inflow was inserted into the left ventricular apex and outflow was anastomosed to the descending aorta. All sheep received anticoagulation and antiaggregation therapy during the study. Hematologic and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate anemia, hepatorenal function, and the extent of hemolysis. The experiments lasted for up to 30 days on the beating hearts. All sheep were humanely killed at the termination of the experiments, and the end-organs were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Autopsy was performed in all animals and there was no thrombus formation observed inside the pump. The pump’s inflow and outflow conduits were also free of thrombus. Hematologic and biochemical test results were within normal limits during the study period. Postmortem examination of the explanted organs revealed no evidence of ischemia or infarction. Based on the in vivo study, this LVAD is suitable for implantation and can provide efficient support with good biocompatibility. The encouraging results in this study suggest that it is feasible to evaluate the device’s long-term durability and stability.
Using Sidereal Rotation Period Expressions to Calculate the Sun’s Rotation Period through Observation of Sunspots
Authors: Chen Tsung-Ching , Lih Jiann-Shing , Chang Tien-Tang , Yang Chih-Hung , Lu Ming-Chi , Liu Chia-Ju , Ho Ming-Chung
Published: October 2015

We utilize sidereal rotation period expressions to calculate the sun’s rotation period via sunspot observation. From the well-known astronomical sites, we collected sunspot diagrams for 14 months, from January 2013 to February 2014, to analyze, compare, and implement statistical research. In addition to acquiring the average angular rate of the movement of sunspots, we found that even the same number of sunspots moved at different angular rates, and generally the life of larger sunspots is longer than 10 days. Therefore the larger sunspots moved around the back of the sun, and a handful of relatively smaller sunspots disappeared within a few days. The results show that the solar rotation period varied with the latitude. However, if we take the average of the sunspots at high and low latitudes, we find that the calculated value is very close to the accredited values.