bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of stochastic models of packet generation in computer networks
Authors: Malakhov Sergei Valer'evich , Yakupov Denis Olegovich
Published: June 2024

Stochastic packet generation models are models that are used to generate traffic in computer networks with certain characteristics. These models can be used to simulate network activity and test network performance. Standard data transmission on the network is packet generation with delays, in which packets are sent at certain intervals. Various stochastic models can be used to generate delayed packets, including uniform distribution, exponential distribution, and Erlang distribution. In this work, an experimental setup was assembled and a client-server application was developed to conduct research and analyze the performance of the data transmission channel. An algorithm has been proposed that allows to restore the moment characteristics of a random value of the interval between packets for further use of queuing models. The analysis of the distribution laws on the performance of the experimental network sample was performed and estimates of the efficiency of channel use and the average packet generation time in network segments, as well as histograms of delays according to the distribution laws, were obtained. An experimental setup was created, and a client-server application was developed to analyze the performance of the data transmission channel. An algorithm for restoring the moment characteristics of the time intervals between packets is proposed. The analysis of the distribution laws on network performance was carried out, estimates of the efficiency of channel use and the average packet generation time in network segments were obtained, as well as histograms of delays according to the distribution laws. The generation of packets with delays according to stochastic distribution laws (uniform, exponential, Erlang) is of great importance in modeling and analyzing the operation of network systems. Also, the generation of packets with delays according to the above-mentioned distribution laws allows testing and debugging of network applications and devices in conditions close to real ones. This allows to identify possible problems and improve the operation of network systems. As a result of the experiment, an algorithm was proposed that allows to restore the moment characteristics of a random value of the interval between packets for further use of queuing models. Also, the analysis of the influence of distribution laws on the performance of the experimental network sample was performed and estimates of the efficiency of channel use and the average packet generation time in network segments, as well as histograms of delays according to distribution laws, were obtained.
Comparison of methods for optimizing the speed of reading/writing drives
Authors: Val'kov Vadim Aleksandrovich , Stolyarov Evgeniy Pavlovich , Korchagin Anton Aleksandrovich , Ermishin Maksim Vladimirovich , Yakupov Denis Olegovich
Published: June 2024

The objects of this study are data storage devices of various types and levels of complexity, as well as the principles of their operation. They are complex technical systems that include many components and are characterized by a high degree of integration. The subject of the research is to study the main characteristics of hard drives and solid-state drives. Their structure, functional features, principles of operation and ways of optimization are important. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective methods for optimizing the operation of these devices. This includes aspects such as memory management, load balancing, power management, and others. The results of this research can be used to improve data efficiency, improve the performance of data storage systems and create new technologies in this area. This study examines the performance of various disk storage solutions through a series of tests aimed at understanding speed and dependence on external factors. The main conclusions of the study reflect the importance of the integrated use of optimization approaches to improve the speed of reading and writing data. Optimizing the processes of reading and writing data is critically important for modern high-performance computing systems, as well as for applications that require quick access to large amounts of information. The improved techniques used in the course of the study contribute to a significant increase in the performance of data storage devices. They take into account the specifics of various types of storage devices, including hard drives and solid-state drives, and offer optimization approaches that take into account their unique characteristics. Overall, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the principles of optimizing data storage, and they can serve as a basis for developing new strategies and solutions in this important area of information technology. This study represents a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of optimizing data reading and writing processes, and its findings may have long-term implications for the development of data storage technologies.
The Running Man in the Mirror of Philosophy (review of the collective monograph "Running & philosophy. A marathon for the mind»)
Authors: Kannykin Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: June 2024

The review of the collective monograph "Running and Philosophy", which has not been introduced into the sphere of domestic research of philosophical aspects of physical culture and sports, is presented. Marathon for the Mind" (published in English in 2007). The publication includes 19 essays prepared by American philosophers. The professional study of the socio-cultural determination and the existential significance of running practices by the authors of the monograph is effectively combined with the analysis of personal experience of participating in stayer races, which provides a confessional and emotional presentation, as well as practical confirmation of the results obtained. It can be assumed that the content of the collection under consideration covers the main thematic repertoire and represents the research techniques of the philosophy of running that has been forming since the second half of the twentieth century. The reviewed monograph reveals the humanistic potential of running as a factor of anthropogenesis (Sh. Kay), a means of achieving "correct" apathy (R. Devitt) and the highest kind of friendship (M. V. Austin). R. A. Belliotti considers running as a way to gain superhuman standing, H. L. Reed and R. S. Reed find in it the embodiment of the values of existentialism. Within the framework of solving the problems of anthropological dualism, running activity is addressed by J. J. Wisniewski, M. Maze, C. Taliaferro and R. Trauber. K. Martin and M. S. Nussbaum consider running as a medium of aesthetic experience generation, R. J. van Arragon and K. Kinghorn reflect on the typology of runners. D. P. Fry and J. P. Moreland The connection between running and religious practices is investigated, G. Basham, K. Kelly, U. P. Kabasench and D. R. Hochstetler analyze the correlation of goals and means of running activity. Thus, the monograph substantiates the understanding of running as a publicly available and effective means of gaining physical, mental and social well-being, which expresses the humanistic essence of running practices and justifies the philosophical and anthropological significance of their research.
Ontological foundations of motherhood
Authors: Mordas Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: June 2024

The subject of the study is motherhood. The work is based on N.S. Rozov's model of the sphere of socio-historical existence. The biotechnosphere is about reproductive health and the possibility (not the possibility) of a woman becoming a mother. The psychosphere represents aspects of the mother's activity, motives and values, acceptance and rejection of motherhood, the choice of the form of motherhood. Culture and reproductive culture in the experience of motherhood is a direction that arouses interest and reflection (culture sphere). The problems of reproductive status and marital gender, reproductive behavior in the context of the problems of motherhood (sociosphere) remain open for research. Modern realities lead to the need to rethink the experience and understanding of motherhood at all levels of socio-historical existence. The main conclusions are: the biotechnosphere includes a woman's reproductive ability to become a mother, physical health, the ability to bear, give birth and raise a child. The psychosphere includes aspects of the mother's activity (motivational and activity sphere and subject interaction, motivation for the birth of a child), the mother's personality (satisfaction with motherhood and readiness for motherhood; mother-child relations, the problems of family relations. The role of a man in a woman's life and vice versa and the birth of a child is an area of possible research. And the question remains open for research – parenthood and gender in modern conditions. A model of the spheres of socio-historical existence of the phenomenon of motherhood is presented.
Art in the system of traditional values (based on the materials of the World Values Survey)
Authors: Popov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2024

In the article, the subject of the study is art. Some problematic points in the conceptualization of this phenomenon in modern science are considered, the available empirical research is evaluated, as well as the interdisciplinary perspective of the study of the phenomenon of art. The problem discussed in the article is the objectification of art as an independent phenomenon, and not only as a "form of social consciousness". The possibilities of such objectification can bring scientists closer to understanding the importance of art for self-expression, human improvement, and survival in a modern post-industrial society. To solve this problem, some results of the well-known monitoring of changes in value structures are used – the World Values Survey, which contains data on value transformations in cross-country comparison. This study has been conducted for about 30 years and provides a broad understanding of the relevant changes.  The research methodology is based on interdisciplinary, axiological and systemic approaches, the concept of "centralization" of values is used as a new perspective of the study. The scientific novelty of the study in general and its main provisions in particular boils down to the following: (1) the need to understand art from the point of view of not a form of public consciousness, but as a value included in various value systems is shown the structure of human existence; (2) based on the materials of the World Values Survey, the position of the value of art in the system of values of self-expression and values of self-survival is analyzed (according to R. Inglehart); (3) from the point of view of value transformations or changes occurring in the hierarchies of values, the "position" of art has been revealed, consisting in balancing (harmonizing) "intellectual values", which include art. The main result is as follows: art as a value is not subject to transformation and crisis, according to the results of the World Values Survey
The main features of the culture of political relations between the USSR and the People's Republic of China
Authors: Wang Jiehan
Published: June 2024

The main subject of the article is a comparative analysis of the cultures of political relations between the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the middle of the twentieth century. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as ideologization and authoritarianism, centralization of power, control over society and the phenomena of political cults. The article analyzes the key principles and values underlying the political systems of both countries, as well as the strategic goals and methodologies used to implement them. The author explores how ideological principles, power hierarchies and nuances of the political process influenced the formation of civic consciousness and behavioral paradigms of citizens. The article also examines the historical, cultural and geopolitical determinants that determine the similarities and differences in the political cultures of the USSR and the People's Republic of China, and their impact on the domestic and foreign policies of these states.  The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of historical sources and scientific works devoted to the political cultures of the USSR and the People's Republic of China, with an emphasis on the study of ideological, structural and socio-political aspects that shaped their development. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive comparative analysis of the cultures of the political relations between the USSR and the People's Republic of China, which reveals both common features and unique features of each of them. For the first time, detailed parallels and differences between the two countries are considered in the context of ideologization, centralization of power and mechanisms of control over society. The findings of the study show that despite the common communist heritage, the political cultures of the USSR and the People's Republic of China developed along different trajectories due to national characteristics, historical events and internal political processes. The author argues that these differences have had a significant impact on the international positions and domestic policies of States. As a result, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the processes of formation and evolution of the political systems of communist regimes, which is important for historians and political scientists studying the history and politics of socialist countries.
On the immanentization of the religious ideal in the culture (according to "Diaries" of Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann)
Authors: Akimov Oleg Yur'evich
Published: June 2024

The problem of the immanentization of the religious ideal is explicated in the context of cultural history as a synchronous "movement" from idea to ideal and from ideal to idea. In the process of realizing the idea of the transcendent within the framework of the Christian tradition, its immanentization takes place – reduction to ultimate forms that can be considered based on the intuition of potential infinity (ancient tradition) and based on the intuition of actual infinity (Christian philosophy). The intuition of actual infinity is actualized in the eschatological relation to the Other, and the intuition of potential infinity in the principle of hierarchy, universal for the Christian tradition. The synthesis of these intuitions, with the predominance of one of them, is a tragedy for the Christian tradition, which determines the peculiarities of the spiritual searches of thinkers. The reflection of this tragedy in the works of Alexander Schmemann suggests a return to the "attitude" characteristic of early Christianity for the future, correlating with the preserved tradition based on hierarchy. At the same time, the philosopher's spiritual quest reflects the process of devaluation of the hierarchical principle in Christian culture, stimulating the inversion of the hierarchy, when transcendence can be realized through low-ranking humor and foolishness. The work uses the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction, which allows to identify the features of the interaction of the transcendent and immanent in certain philosophical and religious concepts. The synchronic method explicates the mutual correlations between philosophical and religious concepts belonging to the same historical period. The diachronic method makes it possible to actualize the features of the immanentization of the religious ideal in the work of thinkers belonging to different historical periods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the combination of reflection on the relationship between the transcendent and the immanent, carried out on a rational basis by European philosophy and the study of the experience of transcendence described by specific Christian writers and thinkers (in particular St. Augustine). Thanks to this combination, the study realized the possibility of considering the relationship of the transcendent and immanent in the history of European philosophy using the logic of the symbol by A.F. Losev, when the structure of the interaction of the symbolized and the symbolizing is extrapolated to the correlation of the transcendent and immanent, and the scope of the concept of "transcendent-immanent" becomes equivalent to its content. The process of immanentization of the transcendent is considered simultaneously from the outside (from the point of view of the dialectic of concepts) and from the inside from the point of view of changing the paradigm of religious life in culture, which allows us to take into account its features.
Wandering "paper" dominants: positions and functions of high-rise accents in the urban development projects of Pushchino, 1950–1980s
Authors: Antipin Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: June 2024

The subject of this study are the architectural and urban planning projects of the scientific town of Pushchino of the USSR Academy of Sciences, developed in the second half of the 20th century. It focuses on high-rise accents planned in the master plans from the 1950s to the 1980s, which, though never realized, played a crucial organizing role in the city's developmental compositions over the years. These "paper" projects significantly influenced the actual architectural ensemble of the city. Specific changes in the creative concepts are correlated with personnel shifts within the team that developed the projects for Pushchino. The dynamics and direction of architectural searches are considered within the broad context of the history of Soviet architecture and are compared with global processes and the positions of architectural theorists and philosophers. The research employs a formal and comparative analysis method, structured historically to segment the creative process into periods that reflect both the subject of the research and the broader historical and architectural context of the era. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of numerous urban planning and architectural projects, gathered through extensive research in state and personal archives. This allowed for the first time to consider the work of architects on the planning projects of Pushchino as a dynamic process, revealing changes that occurred at each of its stages. Through the analysis of the development of “paper” dominants, wandering from project to project, changes in the global urban planning concepts of the city were traced. Consequently, the article provides insights into the development of urban planning in Pushchino, viewed through the lens of high-rise accents. It also paves the way for further research into other aspects of the process, contributing to a more comprehensive and profound understanding of urban architectural development.
A REVIEW ON SHILAJIT: A RICH PHYTOCOMPLEX WITH REJUVENATING ACTIVITY
Authors: Bhat Ulfat Ahad , Rahim Wani Khalid , Sofi Gulamuddin
Published: June 2024

particularly the Himalayas. Its color ranges from pale brown to blackish brown. It has been discovered to be composed of an intricate blend of microbial and plant metabolites present in the rock rhizospheres of its native habitat, as well as organic humic compounds. In Unani medicine, shilajit has been utilized as an adaptogen and elixir for thousands of years. It is said to have several therapeutic qualities, some of which have been confirmed by scientific analysis. It is a strong, extremely safe dietary supplement that balances energy and may be able to prevent several illnesses. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and expand the understanding of Shilajit as a rich Phyto complex rejuvenating substance with pharmacological activities in the contemporary era.
MANAGEMENT OF VISHWACHI (CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ahlawat Yogita , Das Chittaranjan
Published: June 2024

Cervical spondylosis is the osteoarthritis of cervical spine which produces neck pain that radiates to the back of the head, shoulders or arms. The roots most commonly affected are C7 and C6. Here, the patient presented with complaints of pain at the nape of neck and left shoulder. The pain radiates to left arm, forearm and till the phalanges. Considering the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis it can be correlated with Vishwachi. Vishwachi is a disease caused mainly due to vitiation of Vata Dosha and is one of the eighty Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhis. It can be caused due to multiple reasons including malnourishment, sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of Vata Vardhak Ahar Vihar and due to degenerative changes. Here an attempt has been made to manage the initial stage of Vishwachi (cervical Spondylosis) by internal medications and Panchakarma therapies (Sarvanga Abhyanga, Sarvanga Patra Pottali Swedana, Lepam, Matra Vasti, Greeva Vasti). It was seen that there was significant improvement in pain at cervical region and numbness and left index finger. According to the patient there was about 85% reduction in severity of symptoms.
Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of India’s Frozen Shrimps: A Temporal Analysis
Authors: Santhosha, K.M  , Naik A.D. , Patil Ganeshagouda I. , Yadava C.G. , Srinivasulu G. B.  , Raghavendra
Published: June 2024

Shrimps are crucial aquaculture species that contribute significantly to the economy, including farm income, employment, and export earnings. India, the world's second-largest producer of aquaculture products, has yet to exploit its potential in aquaculture exports fully. The export of frozen shrimp has been increasing due to large consumption by importing countries and sufficient exportable surplus. This study analysed the export competitiveness and direction of exports to various markets using the Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) and Markov Chain Analysis. The analysis revealed that all countries were competitive in exporting frozen shrimp from India, with the United States, Southeast Asia, and China being the most loyal importers. The study projected shrimp export for the next five years, with the USA being the major destination in the future. However, Japan's share in the future will decrease due to importing frozen shrimp from Indonesia and Vietnam. Policymakers are now attempting to regain trade by adopting suitable policy measures. The study highlights the importance of evaluating export competitiveness and market direction in the era of globalisation and the need for effective trade promotion and price competitiveness.
Analysis of the Feeding Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Private Non-boarding Secondary Schools in Bamenda II Municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Ange Ebai Nee Besong Patricia , Manga Eyenga , Mabiama Gustave , Evariste Fongnzossie , Marlene. N
Published: June 2024

The study has assessed the feeding habits and nutritional status of adolescents in Bamenda II Municipality. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select four private non boarding secondary schools in Bamenda II Municipality. Systematic sampling was used to select the respondents from form one to lower-sixth and consent forms were signed. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 adolescents (11-19years). Dietary assessments were also carried out using food frequency questionnaires and 24hr dietary recall. The weight and height of students were taken to determine their body mass indices. The weights and heights of both sexes were taken and the readings were analyzed using standard deviation scores where > median-2SD to + < 1SD= Normal, Median< - 2SD to > - 3SD = moderate of under nutrition, < Median – 3SD = severe under nutrition, + 1SD to < + 3SD= overweight, and greater than + 3SD = obesity. Using BMI- for age boys/girls (Z- score) for assessing nutritional status of adolescents in this study, majority of them were within the normal range. Few were underweight, overweight and obese. For age group 11-14 years, 83.3 % were normal, 16.7% were obese, and 0% for underweight and overweight. For age group 15-17 years, 22.7 % were normal ,25.9 % were obese, 23.5% were under weight and   28.2% were overweight A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between males and females(15-17 years). For age group 18 and 19 years, 40% were normal ,0 % were obese,14.1 % were under weight and 32.9 % were overweight. A significant difference (X2 =8.0, d,f=3, p=0.040) was observed between males and females(18 and 19 years) .With respect to waist circumference, a percentage of the respondents fell within the normal range. for males and females. The respondents generally ate twice a day. Forty –one (41%) of the respondents said they consume tubers twice a week, 31.5% consume cereals and their products more than four times a week, 12.5% consume pulses, legumes and products twice a week, 32.5% consume animal products once a week, 36.5% consume eggs and dairy products twice a week and 25% consume fruits and vegetables twice a week . The 24hr dietary recall revealed that the diets were monotonous. Peer group influence affects their food choices, feeding habits and nutritional status.
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Behavior in Panchagarh, Bangladesh: An Integration of Semantic Differential Scale
Authors: Shahin Atia , Sarmin Susmita , Sojib Md. Rayhan , Hasan Md. Faruq
Published: June 2024

The succession of activities to the exploitation of a new entrepreneurial opportunity is important for income diversification. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of entrepreneurial behaviour of the farmers as well as to determine its influential factors. The dependent variable was measured using one-to-seven-point semantic differential scale. In addition, seven levels of entrepreneurial behaviour were used in the scale. One hundred thirty-three (133) farmers were selected for data collection using a multi-stage random sampling procedure from selected six unions of Sadar upazila in Panchagarh district of Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics like percentages, means, standard deviations, indices, and rank order were employed to summarise the data gathered during the interviews. The inferential statistical investigation involved using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model). The findings revealed that a significant proportion (85.7 percent) of the respondents held a repressive to optimistic entrepreneurial behaviour. The key factors influencing farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviour were educational qualification, extension contact, farm size, and age altogether accounting for 89.0% variance in the dependent variable. However, path analysis indicates that farmers’ educational qualification has the highest contribution on their entrepreneurial behaviour followed by farm size, extension media contact, and age. The farm size has substantial indirect effect through educational qualification and extension media contact on entrepreneurial behaviour. Well-designed interventions, particularly through educational activities and extension services are crucial for fostering farmers’ entrepreneurial engagement in agriculture and enhancing their success.
Purchasing Patterns of Private Label Product Attributes in Generations X and Z
Authors: Maula Afanina Arbin , Albari Albari
Published: June 2024

This research aims to explain the influence of Indomaret private label product attributes, store image, perceived value, trust and repurchase intention. The retail industry is very embedded in people's lives, especially in Indonesia. This industry is a very dynamic industry and has a major contribution to the development of the national economy, so this topic is interesting to discuss especially how retailers can manage their consumers. This research was conducted in Indonesia from August 2023 until April 2024. This research uses a quantitative approach method. The sample used was 298 respondents. The analysis technique used structural equation modeling (SEM) processed by AMOS 24.0 processing program. The results showed that there were three hypotheses that were not supported and six hypotheses that were supported. The result is, the value received by consumers has a positive but not significant influence on repurchase intention and has a positive and significant influence on trust, which also supports the existence of equity theory. Store image has a positive and significant influence on repurchase intention, trust and perceived value. For the product attribute variable, it has a positive but not significant effect on repurchase intention and perceived value but has a positive and significant effect on trust. This research provides new insights to retail companies or managers to understand what factors are used in carrying out marketing strategies, especially to form positive consumer behaviour through product attributes, store image, perceived value and trust.
Determinants of Capital Structure and the Effect on Firm Value: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Febrianti Sukma , Giriati  , Malini Helma , Wendy
Published: June 2024

Aims: To analyze the influence of macroeconomic factors (GDP Growth) and microeconomic factors (Tangibility and Profitability) on company value (Tobin's Q), as well as examine the mediating role of capital structure (Interest-bearing debt).
Study Design: The design of the study is quantitative research with a panel data regression approach and path analysis to examine the relationship between macro and micro economic variables on firm value, as well as the mediating role of capital structure in the relationship..
Place and Duration of Study: Companies included in the Kompas 100 index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022.
Methodology: This study uses a population of companies listed in the Kompas 100 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022 and takes a sample of 70 companies that meet the criteria with purposive sampling method. A quantitative approach is used by analyzing panel data through panel data regression to test the effect of independent variables (GDP Growth, Tangibility, and Profitability) on the dependent variable (Firm Value) and the mediating variable (Capital Structure), as well as path analysis with the Sobel test to test the mediating role of Capital Structure in the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Results: The regression analysis showed that GDP had no significant impact on either capital structure or firm value. However, company-specific factors like tangibility and profitability were the main determinants. Tangibility positively influenced capital structure, while profitability had a negative effect. Tangibility negatively affected firm value, and capital structure itself correlated negatively with firm value. Capital structure was only significant as a mediating variable in the relationship between profitability and firm value.
Conclusion: Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP have limited explanatory power on capital structure and firm value, whereas firm-specific factors like asset tangibility and profitability are crucial determinants of optimal capital structure and value maximization. Further studies should utilize alternative macroeconomic proxies with higher sensitivity, like interest rates and inflation, broaden the sample scope to incorporate SMEs alongside large corporations, control for relevant firm-level characteristics, extend the time horizon, and leverage sophisticated analytical techniques such as structural equation modeling.
Assessment of Seepage in an Embankment Dam Using Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic and Geoelectrical Methods
Authors: Akinlabi I. A.  , Olanrewaju S. A.
Published: June 2024

Geoephysical surveys involving Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM), Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D resistivity imaging were conducted along the embankment of Asejire dam to detect potential seepage zones and assess the integrity of the dam. 750 VLF-EM measurements were made at 10 m station interval using the VLF-EM Equipment. 24 Schlumberger VES were conducted at 20 m interval using resistivity meter and its accessories. The current electrode spacing (AB/2) was varied from 1 m to 100 m. The 2D resistivity profiling employed the dipole-dipole configuration with electrode spacing, a = 20 m and expansion factor, n = 1 - 5. The VLF-EM data were processed and modelled using Fraser Filtering and Karous-Hjelt software to delineate subsurface zones of varying conductivities suggesting anomalous seepage. The VES data were quantitatively interpreted using the partial curve matching technique and 1D resistivity inversion algorithm while the dipole-dipole data were inverted using 2D resistivity inversion procedure. The VLF-EM inverted sections revealed prominently conductive zones indicating anomalous seepage zones beneath the dam embankment. The relatively less conductive zones possibly indicate reduced seepage. The results of VES interpretation revealed three geoelectric layers beneath the dam embankment representing the caprock, core and bedrock. The 2D inverted resistivity sections delineated zones with anomalously low resistivity generally less than 10 Ωm, indicating anomalous seepage, beneath the embankment. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of combining the VLF and geoelectrical methods for delineating anomalous seepages in the assessment of dam safety. The anomalously low resistivity/high conductive zones identified beneath the dam embankment are suspected anomalous seepage zones which can threaten the integrity of the dam. Routine monitoring and remedial measures are therefore recommended to forestall the failure of the dam.
Epiphytic Algae on Dominant Macrophytes in Lotic Ecosystems in the Eastern Flanks of Mount Cameroon
Authors: Awo Miranda Egbe , Fonge Beatrice Ambo
Published: June 2024

Aims: This study was designed to assess quantitative estimates of epiphyte biomass and diversity on the dominant macrophytes in two rivers in the Eastern flanks of Mount Cameroon.
Place and Duration of Study: Two sets of water samples were collected at the top 10cm of the rivers for nutrient and chlorophyll a determination. A single preliminary collection of algal epiphytes from partially submerged aquatic macrophytes was carried out from the littoral zone of Ndongo and Limbe rivers, between May and June 2023.
Methodology: The sedimentation technique was employed in the study. Three slides were prepared for each aquatic macrophyte sample for microscopic analysis. Identification was done by comparative morphology using relevant journals and textbooks.
Results: All variables related to water clarity (TSS, Phytoplankton Chl a, HC) assessed during the study were similar in both rivers.  Water clarity based on HC values was below 6 mg/l implying both rivers were clear during the study period. Epiphytic algae identified were recorded from 4 main divisions, namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta. The highest algal diversity in Ndongo was recorded from Commelina benghalensis (H=3.45) with 41 algal species identified. Justicia  in Ndongo river had the lowest algal species richness (24) with an algal diversity of 2.91. Nymphaea had the highest algal diversity (H=3.36) and algal species richness (36) in Limbe river. Algal species richness was the same in the two other plant hosts Commelina benghalensis and Colocasia esculentus (29 species per host). The highest algal chlorophyll a was recorded on Nymphaea (621mg/g dry weight) and Commelina benghalensis (644mg/g) in Limbe and Ndongo respectively. Lowest epiphyte Chlorophyll a was recorded in Justicia secunda in Ndongo (607 mg/g).
Conclusion: All macrophytes studied harbored a large algal flora demonstrating their diverse ecological roles carried out in these rivers. Nymphaea lotus and Commelina benghalensis in Limbe and Ndongo rivers had the highest epiphytic algal biomass.
Students’ Growth Mindset: Potential Asset in Fostering Educational Equity
Authors: Ayoola Fagbenro W. , Ibrahim Abdullahi
Published: June 2024

Over the decades, schools have been facing the challenges of organizing lessons and making available equal prospects for students with diverse needs. This is so because students enter school with a wide scope of individual differences as a result of the multifaceted relationship between unequal environmental situations and genetic dispositions. The diverse sets of socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills students entered formal school with determine how fast and how well students will learn. The capacity of schools to manage student heterogeneity will influence the provision of equal opportunities and the capacity to promote educational equity. Many existing or proposed interventions of policymakers and educators fail because they do not account for a learner’s contextual realities, such as structural and systemic barriers (poverty and marginalization). So, educational outcomes remain unequal within and across nations. Students’ mindsets have been acknowledged as a potential prise for making academic outcomes more equitable. Research studies have identified two broad ways the mindset culture can be communicated by teachers. This paper distinguishes between different notions of educational equity, reviews the empirical and theoretical mindset culture and examines its potential to reduce group-based inequalities in education.
Psycho-Sociocultural Determinants of Code-Switching among Igbo- Speaking English Language Undergraduates in Southeastern Region, Nigeria
Authors: Nwikpo Mary Nneka , Oparaugo Ursula Ifeoma , Anierobi Elizabeth Ifeoma , Ezeonwumelu Victor Ugochukwu
Published: June 2024

The present investigation aimed to ascertain the psychological, social, and cultural determinants propelling code-switching behaviours among Igbo-speaking English Language undergraduates in the southeastern region of Nigeria, as perceived by students enrolled at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, in Anambra State, and Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Employing a quantitative descriptive survey research design, the study comprised the entire population of regular Igbo-speaking English language students from the aforementioned region, with a sample size of 735 participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Guided by four research questions and two null hypotheses, data were collected utilizing a 34-item researcher-structured questionnaire entitled the Psycho-sociocultural Determinants and Code-switching Questionnaire (PDCQ). The validity of the instrument was established through extensive use of relevant literature and also peer-reviewed by experts in English, Research Methods, and Psychology all from the Faculty of Education at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.76). Analysis of the research questions relied on measures of central tendency and dispersion, while Simple Linear Regression was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings unveiled a prevalent pattern of code-switching among undergraduates, attributed to a complex interplay of psychological, social, and cultural incentives, including the desire to foster solidarity and belongingness within diverse social circles, the conveyance of bilingual prestige, and the authentic expression of personal identity and ideas. In light of these findings, recommendations were proffered for governmental, policy-making, and university administrative entities to collaborate in formulating inclusive language policies that acknowledge and respect the cultural diversity of students, thereby fostering an educational milieu that is both inclusive and culturally attuned.
A Foundational Study of the Dehram River’s Aquatic Ecosystem: Bridging Fresh and Brackish Water
Authors: Zamanpoore Mehrdad , Abbaspour Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

In this study, we explore Dehram river system, focusing on its biological characteristics, in a hot arid region. This is a freshwater stream flowing over salt formations. We examined various ecological aspects of the river, including its benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, fishes, as well as some physical and chemical factors in three selected stations. The river showed variations in physical and chemical properties, with salinity and conductivity levels being the most significant. Salinity, total dissolved solids, calcium ion concentration, and nitrate levels increased downstream in the study area. Our findings revealed 13 macroinvertebrate orders present in the river, including a new record for Fars Province - the hydrobiid gastropod Ecrobia grimmi. The discovery of the four fish species in the river marked a new addition to their known geographical distribution. Certain invertebrate families were unique to station 1 and/or 2, while families Dyticidae and Simuliidae were exclusive to station 3. Other families were found in all three stations. Fish groups in the river included four identified cyprinid species, revealing new distribution ranges for them. Capoeta barroisi, known for tolerating specific environmental conditions, was found to adapt to the higher temperature, EC, and pH ranges in the river, setting new ecological records. The river exhibited unique ecological conditions such as high temperature and  extranormal conductivity levels, which may have led to specific adaptations in its biota. We recommend further detailed investigations to determine whether these are new species or highly adapted populations isolated geographically and physiologically.
An Assessment of the Downstream Effect of Dams on Livelihood Vulnerability of Riparian Dwellers: A Case of Mukutmanipur Dam, Kangsabati River, Eastern India
Authors: Pal Dipendu , Bhattacharji Manjari
Published: June 2024

The present study investigates the downstream impacts of Mukutmanipur dam on livelihood vulnerability by using the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) based on 7 components and 26 sub-components. Stratified random sampling together with purposive sampling methods has been used to collect primary data on the components. Information on socio-demographic profile of selected 367 sample households were collected together with data on livelihood strategies, water, health, food, social networks and natural disaster status. The contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) were integrated to estimate the livelihood vulnerability index using LVI-IPCC approaches. For assessing the livelihood vulnerability index, the stretch of the river channel under investigation has been divided into 24 equal segments using 25 cross sections. Morphological changes in each of these segments have been assessed and on the basis of the intensity of morphological changes the segments have been grouped into three morphological change areas i.e. high, moderate and low. Results suggest that people living in areas of the high intensity of morphological change (LVI: 0.407) are more vulnerable to livelihood uncertainties than those living in areas of moderate (LVI: 0.341) and low intensity of morphological change (LVI: 0291). This study recommends that special emphasize should be given to peoples in the vulnerable areas on the implementation of various government and non-government scheme for the betterment of their lives and livelihoods.
Health Monitoring of Li-ion Batteries: State-of-the-Art Techniques and Emerging Trends in Engineering and Energy Storage
Authors: Sikander Kamran
Published: June 2024

Health monitoring of Li-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring their safe and reliable operation in various engineering and energy storage applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques and emerging trends in health monitoring for Li-ion batteries. The abstract highlights the key aspects of the study, including the significance of health monitoring, the current state-of-the-art techniques, and the emerging trends shaping the future of battery health monitoring. The abstract emphasizes the importance of health monitoring in detecting and diagnosing battery degradation, identifying potential failure modes, and optimizing battery performance. It discusses the challenges associated with traditional battery health monitoring methods, such as limited accuracy, high cost, and complexity, and highlights the need for advanced monitoring techniques to address these limitations. Furthermore, the abstract outlines the current state-of-the-art techniques for battery health monitoring, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), voltage and temperature monitoring, and internal resistance measurement. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each technique and highlights recent advancements in sensor technology, data analytics, and machine learning algorithms for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of battery health monitoring. Moreover, the abstract explores emerging trends in health monitoring, such as the integration of wireless sensors, real-time monitoring systems, and cloud-based data analytics platforms. It discusses the potential benefits of these trends, including improved accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of battery health monitoring solutions. Overall, the abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art techniques and emerging trends in health monitoring for Li-ion batteries, highlighting the importance of continuous innovation in this field to ensure the safe and efficient operation of battery systems in engineering and energy storage applications.
Knowledge of Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Secondary School Teachers in Anambra State Nigeria
Authors: Okafor J.O. , Anene Perpetua Nzube, , Onyinyechukwu Nnaemezie Nkiru
Published: June 2024

Knowledge of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease can assist in early detection of the disease and in the reduction of the incidence of complications. If people are aware of the risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease, they may engage in or adopt certain lifestyle changes that can prevent or delay development of chronic kidney disease and its complications. The objective of the study was designed to determine the knowledge of the associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease among secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Six purposes and research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The research design to be adopted for this study is the cross-sectional survey design; the area of this study is Anambra State of Nigeria; the population of the study comprised of all 276 public secondary schools in Anambra State; the population of the teachers in all the schools was 6337. The sample size was 399 teachers both male and female; this was determined using the 'Yaro Yamane' formula for a finite population. The instrument for data collection for this study was a knowledge test which was adapted and developed from two validated knowledge tests. The result of the study showed that the teachers had high knowledge of associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease. Based on the findings, conclusions and recommendations were made; Continuous teaching through health education is needed for teachers in the urban areas to increase their knowledge of CKD; as well as continuous health education among the teachers in the rural areas to sustain their high knowledge of CKD.