bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial colonization of leg ulcers and its effect on success rate of skin grafting
Authors: Balaji D. , Bhaskarla V. V. Rohit , . Sadakshy
Published: November 2020

Background: Leg ulceration is a common condition that affects many individuals. It is often treated by splits kin graft. The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of bacterial colony on the skin graft and to evaluate the effects of diabetes and age on wound healing.Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 patients who underwent SSG for leg ulcer in KIMS from June 2018 to May 2020. All patients underwent blood tests for diabetes and wound swabs were taken. and 5th post-operative day (POD). SSG take-up assessed on 8th POD.Results: 62% of cultures were positive, of which Staph. aureus 48%, Klebsiella 6% Acinetobacter 4%, Citrobacter and E. Coli 2%. During the culture taken on 5th POD (1st dressing), Staphylococcus aureus was found in 42% of patients, and other bacteria put together 24%. Regarding take up, ulcers with Staphylococcus aureus had significantly reduced graft take up when compared to no growth, both during pre-op culture test and 5th POD dressings, by 24.18 and 33.165% respectively. The length of hospital stays for patients with positive Staphlycoccus aureus either in pre-operative or 5th POD swab was more by 15.25 compared to no growth.Conclusions: For patients with Staphylococcus aureus on the ulcer, graft take up is less and post op stay is long, so, eradication of Staphylococcus aureus is essential. For patients with other bacteria, did not have significant difference with no growth group.
Conservative management of chylothorax in infants using octreotide
Authors: Inugala Anusiri
Published: November 2020

Background: Chylothorax is defined as abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space and is a rare condition in neonates and infants. Chylothorax causes respiratory and nutritional problems and has a significant mortality rate. Octreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analogue that can reduce lymphatic fluid production and has been used as a new strategy in the treatment of chylothorax.Methods: Infants with spontaneous chylothorax over a period of 3 years were included in this study. A prospective, observational study was done. All patients were nil per oral initially. Oral feeds were resumed once the ICD output declined. Octreotide was given subcutaneously for all patients at a dose of 40 microgram/kg/day in 3 divided doses. Octreotide was stopped once the ICD output was less than 70-80 ml/day. ICD was inserted in all patients and removed once drainage was below 50 ml/day.Results: Five patients were diagnosed with chylothorax over a period of 3 years out of which 3 were male and 2 were females. 1 patient had right sided and 4 patients had left sided chylothorax. The average age of presentation was 5.6 months. Octreotide was administered for an average of 14.4 days (8-22 days). The average duration of ICD was 18.2 days. All patients recovered well and were discharged.Conclusions: Spontaneous chylothorax is rare in infants. Conservative management is usually successful. Early institution of oral feeds with octreotide preserves the child’s nutrition and avoids invasive procedures, such as reinsertion of chest tubes or surgery.
A comparative study of the efficacy of nanocrystalline silver gel and silver sulfadiazine cream on the healing of second degree burn wound
Authors: Maiti Bikash , Bakshi Sabyasachi
Published: November 2020

Background: The final aim of burn management is to prevent infection, to promote early epithelialization as well as healing of wound and betterment of functional and asthetic after effects. The present study aimed to compare the effect of nano crystalline silver gel and silver sulfadiazine cream on the healing of second-degree burn wounds.Methods: After matching the inclusion and exclusion criteriaburn wounds of patients were divided into two parts (sides); one part was dressed with silver sulfadiazine cream and the other one was dressed with nano crystalline silver gel. The wound dressing was changed everyday after washing the wound with normal saline. Wound parameters were measured on the ninth day and twenth day of dressing, using clinical assessment and photographic tool. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test.Results: In our study, most patients were noted to have increased epithelization, increased granulation tissue, decreased inflammation, decreased wound infection as well as decreased slough following dressing with both nanocrystalline silver gel and silver sulfadiazine cream but there were more in numbers of patients dressing with nanocrystalline silver gel.Conclusions: The effect of nanocrystalline silver gel on the reduction of the healing time and necrotic tissue amount and increasing the granulation, epithelialization, and necrotic tissue type was greater. Considering the above findings nanocrystalline silver gel is more recommended to be used for burn wounds.
Exam wrapper and metacognition for undergraduate surgery students in exam preparation
Authors: Kannan Kishore Kumar , Muthammal Ramula
Published: November 2020

Background: An exam wrapper is a structured debrief­ing questionnaire tailored to help the students understand their performance in the examination and help them to plan and develop improvement strat­egies. Exam wrappers give students a structured reﬂection about how they performed in a particular exam and act as a useful tool to perform better in the next exam. This mixed-method study was conducted to assess the impact of exam wrapper on metacognitive skills of surgery students and to assess the perception of students on its application in exam preparation.Methods: Metacognition was assessed using the metacognitive inventory questionnaire for students learning surgery. Nonparametric Friedman test was used to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data which were collected from four identified focus groups students who completed the exam wrapper sessions.Results: Students who used the exam wrapper throughout the se­mester demonstrated appreciable improvement in metacog­nition (p=0.013). Focus group data showed that students found the exam wrapper useful and effective. The analysis revealed the students' trust that, the faculties can make a change, complementary to conventional teaching-learning methods and reflecting the exam paper helps them to perform better.Conclu­sions: Medical students in surgery perceive this tool as use­ful and their application of exam wrapper as an effective tool in metacognition. This type of metacognitive intervention needs to be adopted across different departments for exam wrapper to be more engaging and direct students towards self-directed learning.
Clinicopathological study of gall bladder carcinoma with special reference to its management in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saha Debmalya , Jha Saket , Chhaule Sukalyan , Mandal Rabin , Acharya Anadi , Ghosh Gautam
Published: November 2020

Background: Incidence of gallbladder carcinoma is increasing progressively among Indians and is regarded as a major cause of mortality and morbidity. In spite of this, limited studies have been conducted so far. Objective of the study was to know the prevalence, clinicopathological aspects, and prevalent treatment protocol of gall bladder cancer in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: 64 cases of histologically proven gallbladder cancer patients were studied. Patient characteristics were recorded using pretested proforma along with relevant investigations, and histopathology and treatment provided were recorded.Results: Our study reveals that gallbladder cancer has a prominent peak in the 7th decade of life with male: female ratio of 1:2.2. Most of the patients were having body mass index between 20.0 and 24.99, which is in sharp contrast to the available literatures. Pain is the most common symptom followed by constitutional symptoms. Majority of cases presented at advanced stage (64.1%) with significantly elevated CA19.9 level, and were managed with palliative chemotherapy.35.9% of our cases were respectable at the time of diagnosis, and extended cholecystectomy could be performed in 31.3%. Log rank test showed pattern of survival of the patients who were resected was significantly better than those of who were not resected.Conclusions: We know gallbladder cancer is a disease with very few patients amenable to surgery at the time of presentation. Thus, instead of retrospectively analyzing individual institutional data, high volume institutions with the necessary expertise for treating gallbladder cancer should collaborate with a view of generating strong evidence-based surgical guidelines.
Study to determine etiological factors and surgical outcome of non traumatic abdominal hollow viscus perforation
Authors: Marathe Akshay S. , Bijwe Varsha N.
Published: November 2020

Background: Hollow viscus perforation leading to peritonitis is a common emergency faced by a general surgeon. Late presentation, missed diagnosis and late interventions are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. Thus in an interest to find out etiological factors, to assess the common type of perforations with their clinical presentation, surgical out come and finally prognosis and complications; forms the basis of present study.Methods: We carried out prospective study on total of 60 patients presenting with sudden onset pain in abdomen with guarding and rigidity per abdominally for etiology, surgical management and post- operative complications. Study was conducted between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 (12 months), with follow up period up to 30 June 2019 (6 months).Results: Most common age group involved is 20-39 years (51.6%). Peptic ulcer perforation is the most common cause of hollow viscus perforation (46.4%). Abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common chief complaints and tenderness with guarding rigidity being the most commonly observed sign. Gas under diaphragm on X-ray standing abdomen is suggestive of hollow viscus perforation (41 out of 60 cases) but, it is not obligatory. Surgery is the main modality of treatment. Wound infection is the most commonly observed post-operative complication.Conclusions: Hollow viscus perforation leading to peritonitis is one of the most common emergencies faced by a general surgeon. Early presentation, Proper diagnosis and timely interventions decrease morbidity and mortality.
Comparative study on management of diabetic ulcer with platelet-rich plasma and conventional dressing
Authors: Dhanasekaran Uma , Arumugam Ramesh , Jayasubramaniyar Latha
Published: November 2020

Background: About 15% of diabetic patients will develop a chronic ulcer, and about 25% of those will have to undergo foot amputation. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of autologous protein C (PC) in diabetic ulcers, efficacy and feasibility of this treatment in the general population remain unclear. Aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of management of diabetic ulcer with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and conventional dressing.Methods: A total of 40 patients who divided into two groups: group I comprising 20 patients received homologous platelet concentrate and group II comprising 20 patients received conventional wound dressing, and the results had statistically discussed.Results: Out of total 40 patients, 20 received homologous platelet dressings, and the 20 patients received conventional moist wound dressings. 7 patients had operated for split skin grafting, 7 patients had 0-10% of the area covered with necrotic tissue, mean duration of hospital stay was 18 days, mean duration of wound debridement was 3 days and mean number of wound dressing was 6. In conventional wound dressing group, 15 patients had operated for split skin grafting, 4 patients had 0-10% of the area covered with necrotic tissue, mean duration of hospital stay was 39 days, mean duration of wound debridement was 18 days and mean number of wound dressing was 48.Conclusions: Patients operated for split skin grafting, number of wound debridement, duration of hospital stay, and duration of wound debridement, necrotic tissue coverage was less in platelet group compared to the conventional wound dressing.
A surgeon’s perspective on resuming elective surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic: the new normal
Authors: Paul Jesme A. , N. Dhinesh Kumar , Subbarayan Boopathi , Tirougnanassmbandamourty Tirouaroul
Published: November 2020

Novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic on 10th March by World Health Organization (WHO) putting the entire health care system including medical and surgical care in deep crisis. All the resources and manpower are being diverted to tackle this rampant spread of COVID-19. The result of which, all elective surgical procedures are rescheduled to an extent of cancellation. This case series present 3 cases operated during the pandemic in a mannered clinical algorithm. In the light of underlying uncertainty, it is essential to resume elective surgeries with caution to prevent backlog and worsening of the disease.
Surgical debridement of infected necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mui Jasmine J. , Jones Martin
Published: November 2020

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare skin disorder characterized by the development of large violaceous plaques all over the body. Rarely, these plaques become infected and require surgical debridement. The current literature is lacking on outcomes of surgical intervention in this patient population. Hence this case report aims to describe surgical management for a patient with NXG presenting to The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital and review the literature on the pathophysiology and current treatment modalities for this condition. A 61-year-old man presented to The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital with an infected NXG plaque on his left calf unresponsive to intravenous antibiotics. He has had a previously infected lesion on his right shin debrided by our surgical team in 2015, with plaque recurrence on the superior-medial aspect. His current infection was managed with surgical excision of the necrotic core of the NXG plaque while sparing the healthy surrounding plaque tissue. This is in accordance to the current literature which demonstrates poor cosmetic outcomes with complete surgical resection of healthy plaques, with a 42% recurrence with increased size and nodularity.1, 2 NXG appears to be related to autoimmune monoclonal paraproteinemia and associated with hematological malignancy. Therefore, management is primarily medical with surgical resection only indicated in cases of severe infection. NXG presents a rare challenge to the general surgeon given the lack of evidence for surgical debridement. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology, treatment options and healing patterns in this disorder will allow the surgeon to assess and manage infected lesions with minimal cosmetic disfigurement
Hepatic cyst: what diagnosis?
Authors: Rahali Anwar , El Mouhafid Faisal , El Brahmi Yasser , Ali Abdelmounaim Ait
Published: November 2020

In this article, presented as the case of a 43-year-old patient with liver cyst posing the problem of positive diagnosis. The uncharacterizable radiology and the questionable serology have demonstrated the essential role of surgery and histological analysis in the management of this type of lesion. This case raises questions that patients and clinicians are often faced with in a hydatid disease endemic country. Through this article, we aim to discussed the latest news on diagnostic tools, the natural evolution of the disease, differential diagnoses as well as new treatment options for cystic hepatic lesion.
Rare presentation of metastasized primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma to the right colon and literature review of primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma metastasized to other organs of the body: case report
Authors: Saeed Mirza Farad , Juma Isam Mazin , Varkey Roshan George , Mathew Keith Pappachen , Kamali Maryam Abdollah
Published: November 2020

Primary neuroendocrine breast tumors account for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers, hence, unique in nature. This paper aims to report a 56 years old female, known case of primary neuroendocrine breast cancer with a metastatic right colonic neuro-endocrine tumor. The article also aims to review and acclaim the literature regarding primary breast neuroendocrine tumors metastasized to other parts of the body. The patient presented complaining of a breast mass, ulceration, and discharge, which was rapidly progressing. Examination revealed a right breast mass with skin erythema and impending ulceration and right axillary lymph nodes fixed with palpable supra-clavicular lymph nodes. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of right breast mass and axilla disclosed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. CT abdomen and chest revealed metastases to the ascending colon. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy along with multiple cycles of chemotherapy for the primary breast cancer. She also underwent a laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision and primary anastomosis for the metastatic colon cancer. The paper compares the reported case to other similar cases using the framework of an analysis based on age of the patient, primary breast cancer location, method of detection, presence of neuroendocrine markers, primary cancer presentation, metastases symptoms, and location and treatment approach. In conclusion, metastasized primary neuroendocrine breast cancer is a very rare presentation. Incidence and prevalence maybe influenced by age, primary breast cancer location, and presence of neuroendocrine markers. Prognosis may also be a product of metastatic location, associated symptoms and treatment approaches.
Bowel perforation presenting as necrotizing soft-tissue infection of thigh a rare presentation
Authors: Garg Navdeep , Singla Kunal , Singh Maninder , Singh Mandeep , Bansiwal Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Rajeev
Published: November 2020

Necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI) are characterized by extensive and rapidly progressing soft tissue inflammation with necrosis. It typically involves a gas-forming bacterium such as group A b-hemolytic Streptococcus or a Clostridium species. This gas formation leads to the radiographic finding of subcutaneous emphysema. It is recognized as a surgical emergency. NSTI of the abdominal wall, flank, or thigh resulting from break-in bowel integrity is an atypical presentation that may cause delayed recognition and treatment, resulting in a mortality rate greater than that in Fournier gangrene. Early detection and aggressive surgical debridement are crucial to reduce patient mortality and morbidity. We present the case of a 30-year-old patient presenting with fasciitis of lower limb. Surgical exploration revealed the source of the emphysema to be an entero-cutaneous fistula. The patient had an unstable and prolonged hospitalization after debridement of the thigh and abdominal surgery and was discharged after one month. It suggested that clinical presentation can be highly variable and range from early sepsis with obvious skin involvement to minimal cutaneous manifestations of underlying disease.
Near-transection of abdominal aorta due to stab injury: a case report
Authors: Bilchod Suhas S. , Dakhani Nawaz M. , Arkalgud Deepak , Lamani Yamanur P.
Published: November 2020

Abdominal vascular injuries are amongst the most lethal injuries encountered by modern day trauma and vascular surgeons. Penetrating injuries to aorta have a wide spectrum of presentation mortality being 50-70%. 38-year-old male presented to emergency department with stab injury to abdomen with a knife stuck in-situ. Patient was conscious with herniating bowel loops from stab site. Bilateral limbs had good pulsations and no neurological deficit. Patient was taken for emergency laparotomy and found to have complete jejunal transection with near transection of aorta with knife stuck in the vertebra. Primary repair of aorta was done with prolene 5-0 along with jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. Patient was transfused with 12 units of blood and 8 units of FFP. Postoperatively patient recovered well and was discharged on post-operative day (POD) 14 with good recovery and follow up was uneventful. Spectrum of penetrating aortic injuries varies from stable patients to severely exsanguinated in vicious cycle of shock, acidosis, coagulopathy and arrhythmias causing high mortality and morbidity. Our case had contained retroperitoneal hematoma with stable vitals and good general condition and due to early diagnosis and timely institution of surgery the patient survived and recovered uneventfully. All abdominal stab injuries are to be taken as having vascular injuries. Surgery has to be taken up as an integral part of resuscitation with quickest and most effective diagnostics along with lifesaving procedures to have lesser morbidity and mortality.
Excision of intra-abdominal mesenteric immature teratoma during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kamat Manmohan , Barman Seema , Ray Aniket , Shetye Shravani , Sharma Varsha , Sathyan Jeena
Published: November 2020

The world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature has thrown a new challenge towards the healthcare professionals in the form of this new virus. As if that was not enough, we found an extremely rare, interesting and challenging case of mesenteric immature teratoma in this pandemic. Teratomas take origin from totipotent cells and may give rise to neoplasms that contain, in a helter-skelter fashion, bits of bone, epithelium, muscles, fat, nerves and other tissues. They are usually smaller than 10 cm, with cystic space, which is filled with a thick sebaceous secretion containing matted hair and sometimes teeth protruding from a nodular projection, which are unbrushed and may be carious. Though the usual sites are ovaries, occasionally testes, extragonadal sites may be affected. Classically the teratoma originates in the midline position. But in the abdomen, it usually takes the position of one of the paravertebral gutters, as in the present case, perhaps due to its size and weight of the solid part of the constituent elements. Due to its rarity it deserves the attention of the world and therefore we present to u this interesting case.
A case of ovarian cyst torsion causing intestinal obstruction
Authors: Murugesan Ravi Kumar Sabu , Ross Kannan , Prabakar Joyce
Published: November 2020

Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency. The common cause includes adhesions, malignancies and hernias which presents with abdominal pain. Small bowel obstruction needs to be evaluated and the cause should be found. Once the cause is established, appropriate management is to be carried out after initial resuscitation. Small bowel obstruction can be rarely managed conservatively. Ovarian cysts are commonly found in women. Most of them do not cause symptoms and resolve over one to two months with conservative management. Ovarian torsion refers to complete or partial rotation of adnexal supporting organ with ischemia. It can affect females of all ages. The most common symptom of ovarian torsion is acute onset of pelvic pain followed by nausea and vomiting. It can lead to gangrene of the ovarian cyst if left untreated. Once ovarian torsion is suspected and confirmed, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Here we report a case of ovarian torsion presenting as intestinal obstruction.
Paget’s disease of breast with an unusual presentation of involvement of overlying skin of breast: a case report
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Jindal Arpita , Bhalgat Bhushan , Swain Phanindra Kumar , Sharma Raj Govind
Published: November 2020

Paget’s disease of breast is also known as Paget’s disease of the nipple & mammary Paget’s disease, involving the skin of nipple & areola. It is rare type of cancer with tumors inside the same breast which may be either ductal carcinoma in-situ or invasive breast cancer. We report a case with Paget’s disease of breast which is not only involving the nipple-areola complex but also involving surrounding skin of breast.
Giant fibroadenoma mimicking phylloides tumor in post-menopausal female: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Bairwa Banwari Lal
Published: November 2020

Giant fibroadenomas are rare breast lesions in elderly women especially post-menopausal women and accounting for 0.5-2% of all cases of fibroadenomas. They pose diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge because resemblance of its clinical and imaging features with other breast lesions, especially phylloides tumor. We present a rare case of giant fibroadenoma of breast in postmenopausal female of 53 year of age mimicking phylloides tumor. Ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggestive of fibroadenoma. Tumor was completely excised and diagnosis of giant fibroadenoma was confirmed by histopathology. Breast conserving surgery is the gold standard treatment.
Laparoscopic correction of midgut volvulus due to malrotation in a patient with Marfans syndrome
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Khandelwal Radha Govind , Om Prabha
Published: November 2020

This case describes 13-year-old female with Marfans syndrome who presented recurrent small intestinal obstruction which was later diagnosed as acute midgut volvulus due to malrotation after extensive workup. Laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure was performed. Patient had uneventful recovery and discharged on post-operative day five. To best of our knowledge the index case is the first case of laparoscopic ladds procedure in known case of Marfans syndrome.
The use of a Foley catheter in the excision of big nasal ala tumor
Authors: Sabur Sarah , El-Harti Amine
Published: November 2020

The author reports the use of Foley catheter in the excision of big nasal ala tumor. The inflation of the Foley catheter balloon in the nasal antrum before the tumoral excision offer stabilization and immobilization of the nasal ala skin during the procedure.
El Dominio Salino del norte de Chile y sus yacimientos de minerales industriales
Authors: Chong Díaz Guillermo , Demergasso Cecilia , Urrutia Meza Javier , Vargas A. Marina
Published: November 2020

Se define y describe el concepto “Dominio Salino en el Norte de Chile” como el resultado de la combinación de factores geológicos, geomorfológicos y climáticos/paleoclimáticos. Estos determinan que en la región del Norte Grande de Chile (18°-27°Lat.Sur) la presencia de sales tenga una amplia distribución en suelos, secuencias sedimentarias, cuencas evaporíticas, aguas subterráneas y superficiales y en nieblas dinámicas. Se reconoce la presencia mayoritaria de cloruros, sulfatos, carbonatos, boratos y de otras sales poco comunes en la Naturaleza, como nitratos, yodatos, cromatos, dicromatos, cloratos y percloratos. Este Dominio Salino incluye la formación de los principales yacimientos de Minerales Industriales de Chile, como en el caso de los de nitratos y yodo, sal, litio y otros subordinados, como los de boratos y potasio. Se describen el marco geológico, geomorfológico y climático/paleoclimático, el rol de las sales como agentes de meteorización y erosión y los yacimientos principales. Se reconoce la importancia de estos ambientes salinos como un hábitat excepcional para una variada microbiota con un gran potencial biotecnológico.
The Velardeña Zn–(Pb–Cu) skarn-epithermal deposits, central-northern Mexico: New physical-chemical constraints on ore-forming processes
Authors: Jiménez-Franco Abigail , Canet Carles , Alfonso Pura , González-Partida Eduardo , Rajabi Abdorrahman , Escalante Edgar
Published: November 2020

The Velardeña mining district is economically the most important of Durango state. The ore deposits occur in different skarn zones developed within the intrusive contact between Mesozoic limestones and Eocene granitic stocks and dikes. The most important ore deposits are related to the Santa María dike and Reyna de Cobre porphyritic stock (separated from each other by 10 km). They occur as irregularly shaped replacement masses developed near the intrusive contact and have a skarn paragenesis dominated by calc-silicates and sulfides. The mineral assemblages show replacement textures and are dominated by calcic clinopyroxene (Di97-53Hd42-02Jh04-01) and garnet (Ad100-57Grs43-00) in the exoskarn, with wollastonite particularly abundant in the endoskarn. Hydrous silicates are actinolite, epidote, and chlorite, whereas sulfides include pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, chalcopyrite, and sulfosalts. Scheelite, hematite, quartz, and calcite are also present. According to sphalerite geobarometry, the skarns formed at hypabyssal depths (~3–4 km). They developed by a succession of replacive mineralizing events, including (a) a prograde stage at temperatures from ≥470 to 335 °C in conditions of low f (CO2), followed by (b) a retrograde stage from 335 to 220 °C. There was a general increase in f (O2), accompanying the temperature decline during the formation of the system, which accounts for a process of mixing with cooler, oxidizing, and dilute water. During the retrograde stage, wollastonite, calcic garnet and clinopyroxene formed. On the other hand, hydrous silicates, sulfides, sulfosalts, scheelite, and hematite crystallized during the retrograde stage. Skarn mineralization is crosscut by veins of calcite, fluorite, adularia, and sphalerite. The vein mineralization formed at temperatures below 200 °C. The different ore deposits of Velardeña constitute a telescoped skarn–epithermal mineral system.
Investigating Reading Challenges Faced by EFL Learners at Elementary Level
Authors: Khan Raja Muhammad Ishtiaq , Shahbaz Muhammad , Kumar Tribhuwan , Khan Imran
Published: November 2020

It is hard to ignore the importance of reading skills for desired proficiency in foreign languages. Reading can be beneficial for learners to immerse themselves in the target language and learn it efficiently. In EFL contexts like Saudi Arabia, learners face many challenges in reading skills. The main purpose of this research was to explore reading problems of elementary level students and causes of the readings skills inabilities. Following random and convenience sampling techniques; this mixed-method research obtained quantitative data from 290 elementary level students and qualitative data from nine teachers and supervisors. The analysis of quantitative data from the reading test and checklist and qualitative data retrieved from interviews suggests that students considerably perform relatively low in reading skills, and the main reasons are poor vocabulary, incorrect pronunciation, wrong spellings, slow reading pace, and flawed grammar. These five areas account for more than 90% of the challenges faced by learners in reading skills. Based on evidence from this research, we suggest that policymakers, teachers, and students should focus on these five areas for solving the issues related to reading skills. Although other avenues are essential, these items demand special attention to develop the reading skills of EFL learners in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the world.Keywords: Reading skill, Elementary level, Reading Pace, EFL
THE INFUSION SPEECH SKELETON APPLICATION (APP) AS A TEACHING MEDIUM FOR STUDENTS OF OFFICE MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY (OMT): A CONCEPTUAL PAPER
Authors: Ibrahim Shamsinar , Abas Nurliyana , Hashim Norhafiza , Shawalluddin Syahrini
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to utilize the usage of App in Public Speaking course to ease and engage students of Office Management & Technology (OMT) in their learning experience by providing the simplified version of speech draft development.

Methodology: The development of the App divided into two divisions, (a) the App content and, (b) the App design and concept. The content of the App was from the main textbook, simplified to serve the needs of OMT students, whereas the Apps’ design and concept were based on interactive design and waterfall models. Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) and Focus Group were also included.

Main Findings: The Infusion Speech Skeleton App is projected to be a vital platform for students to improve their understanding of the course. The App is also expected to improve students’ performance particularly those who have trouble comprehending speech draft development.

Applications of this study: Because the App is mainly developed with OMT students in the loop, most of the settings will be in OMT students’ favors. However, the Apps also can be beneficial to those taking literature, and other communications studies for basic reference.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The App usage in learning was introduced in many courses, however, to our best knowledge this is the first attempt of App development and implementation in the course of public speaking, focusing on the need for non-communication students, OMT students.
GENDER AND PREDICTING INTENTIONS AMONG MALAYSIAN TEACHERS
Authors: Adam Assim Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin , Janis Salina , Yaccob Yasmin , Mat Jusoh Nurul Hidayu
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: This study examined the predictors of intention in career development, specifically the intention of applying for promotion among Malaysian excellent teacher candidates.

Methodology: The premise of the theoretical analyses in this study was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The correlational study design was employed to determine the relationship among the variables that ascertain any prediction towards the intention to apply for promotion. 500 respondents were sampled and consist of male (226) and female (274) teachers who are qualified to apply for promotion. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) was performed to test and validate the measurement model.

Main Findings: This study had ascertained that gender does moderate relationships among the study's independent variables and the dependent variable. The result also indicates that the theory of planned behavior is applicable in predicting intention to apply for promotion. For teachers in Malaysia, the intention to apply for promotion will increase if the expectation of others towards applying for promotion also positively increase.

Applications of this study: Gender-related specific assessment can be applied within the teachers’ performance appraisal system, particularly for the evaluation on ‘Guru Cemerlang’ or Excellent Teacher Award by the Ministry of Education in Malaysia.

Novelty/Originality of this study: There is a scarcity of recent studies on the intention of Malaysian teachers to apply for promotion. By using the novel approach of Theory of Planned Behavior and the combination of structural equation modeling analyses, gender was found to moderate the relationship between the expectation of others and their intention to apply for promotion.
KNOWLEDGE SHARING STRATEGIES AMONGST ACADEMICS IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING, KENYA
Authors: M. Kimile Nancy , M. Bulitia Godrick
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: The study investigated strategies and the integration of technology in knowledge sharing amongst academics in selected institutions of higher learning in Kenya.

Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive survey design and adopted a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect data from a sample of four public universities from which 54 respondents were purposely selected and successfully interviewed. The collected data was analyzed thematically.

Main Findings: The findings of the study revealed that universities shared knowledge through various strategies/ forums such as conferences, teaching, seminars, workshops, mentorship of the novice by the experts, especially in the science-based disciplines and institutional repository, among others. The study identified the existence of communities of practice, which were mainly informal, and policies were the primary inhibitor to knowledge sharing. The study established the integration of information technology in knowledge sharing as mostly asynchronous.

Applications of this study: The study findings can be applied in both the public and private sectors. They contribute to research in Knowledge Management as a discipline and as a business strategy.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study provides data to the limited visible research in knowledge sharing strategies in institutions of higher learning, especially in Kenya.
INTENTION TO PURCHASE LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTS AMONG INDONESIAN YOUNG CONSUMERS
Authors: Riptiono Sulis , Irma Anggraeni Ade , Suroso Agus , Nur Azizah Siti
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: This study was undertaken to examine a theoretical concept that can increase consumer purchase intentions for local food products.

Methodology: This study involved 450 students as respondents, but only 437 data were eligible for testing. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) and processed with AMOS 24.0 statistical tools.

Main Findings: The results of the research successfully revealed that cultural sensitivity was proven to have a negative effect on consumer ethnocentrism and had a negative effect on imported product judgment. Consumer ethnocentrism has a positive contribution to animosity toward foreign products and negatively influences imported product judgment. Intention to purchase local food products is positively influenced by consumer ethnocentrism and animosity toward foreign products and imported product judgment that has a negative effect. While testing the effect of animosity toward foreign products on imported product judgment was declared rejected or insignificant.

Applications of this study: Consumer cultural sensitivity on a foreign product can cause consumer ethnocentrism on local food products will decrease and can increase imported product judgment which is increasingly positive. This has implications for marketers to be able to increase consumer ethnocentrism which will later be able to make consumers prefer local products and can increase consumer purchase intentions on local food products.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This research conducted cultural sensitivity on consumer purchase intention with consumer ethnocentrism, consumer animosity, and imported product judgment within the empirical concept.
DESIGN OF MULTICULTURAL BASED ISLAMIC EDUCATION MODULE: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Zaitun  , Zein Nurhayati , Kasmiati  , Thahir Musa
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aims to produce a character-based multicultural education module that is valid and practical in the teaching of Islam in SMP Riau Province. Methodology: The model used in this research development is the Borg and Gell model but only to the seventh stage, namely: (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revision, (6) product trials, and (7) product revisions. The research instruments used in this article are validation sheets (aspects of validity), teacher and student assessment sheets (aspects of practicality). Data was collected, using interviews, observations, questionnaires. Main findings: This article produces a product in the form of a multicultural-based PAI module that is valid in the material aspect (4.15), and valid in the technological aspect (3.98), and practical (3.62). This means that the developed multicultural-based PAI module has met valid and practical criteria so that it can be used in the learning process. Applications of this study: This research is useful for the development of science, especially in the theoretical implementation of module development in multicultural-based Islamic Religious Education subjects which specifically provide examples of practical and systematic steps in the development of teaching materials to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education in schools/madrasas. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research produces multicultural PAI-based modules that provide policy recommendations and values for policymakers and educators to respond and accommodate multiculturalism in Indonesia and develop multicultural-based PAI learning modules at all levels of education.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERS THROUGH THE ENGLISH ACCULTURATION STRATEGY
Authors: Anshori Isa , Elvina Sahara Elly
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: To explore the effectiveness of the English-speaking acculturation strategy in improving the English ability of school members so that they can internationalize the character of Islamic educational institutions.

Methodology: Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, with observation, interview, and documentation as data collection techniques, and reduction, display, and conclusion become the stages of data analysis. The research sample of 255 teachers, employees, and students was determined purposively at Taman Islam Middle School, Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

Main Findings: This study found that an English-speaking acculturation strategy was effective in improving the English-speaking ability of school residents (up 4.63 from target 3) so that the internationalization of the character of Islamic education institutions, innovative, was formed.

Applications of this study: This study is useful to improve the quality and become a prototype of the actualization of the character of international education institutions, through the strategy of acculturation in English, especially in Islamic schools.

Novelty: This study creates the basis and prototype for the actualization of international standard Islamic education institutions, through an English-speaking acculturation strategy. The principal’s policy requires the English to inspire its representatives, together formulate and realize an English acculturation program; inspire teachers, staff, and students to carry out various English-speaking acculturation activities both inside and outside the school. Cultivation of English becomes more effective. The English skills of teachers, employees, and students from the aspects of listening, grammar, reading, writing, and speaking have increased, so that the internationalization of Islamic institutional character, in the form of integrity, professionalism, innovation, responsibility, and example, can be formed more quickly.
Asociación entre Flexibilidad de Miembros Inferiores y Equilibrio Dinámico en Estudiantes de una Academia de Fútbol de Lima, Perú
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Burgos Ramírez María Andrea , Yori Arata Anna Gabriela
Published: November 2020

Diseño de estudio: Observacional de tipo transversal analítico. Objetivos: Establecer si existe asociación entre la flexibilidad de miembros inferiores y el equilibrio dinámico en estudiantes de futbol soccer de una academia de Lima Perú. Antecedentes: El riesgo de lesión en la práctica de fútbol soccer está ampliamente documentado. Así mismo, la flexibilidad y el equilibrio son capacidades funcionales de consideración para el óptimo desempeño de la práctica deportiva. Material y métodos: Se evaluó la flexibilidad a través de la medida del rango articular con goniometría y se evaluó el equilibrio dinámico con la prueba de excursión en estrella, de la traducción al inglés Start Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre la flexibilidad de la articulación de tobillo en la prueba de dorsiflexión con rodilla flexionada y los resultados de equilibrio dinámico con SEBT total. Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar más investigaciones con un diseño prospectivo para obtener significancia estadística de todas las pruebas.
Relación entre discapacidad cervical y horas de práctica clínica en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de una Universidad de Lima, Perú en el año 2018
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Torres-Slimming Paola A , Becerra Bravo Giancarlo
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre discapacidad cervical con las horas de práctica clínica en universitarios de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo transversal analítico en 147 universitarios de la carrera de Odontología que realizaban prácticas en el Centro Universitario de Salud durante el ciclo 2018-1. Se utilizaron 2 instrumentos para recolectar los datos, una ficha autoaplicada y el Neck Disability Index (NDI). Para el análisis descriptivo las variables numéricas fueron reportadas mediante media, mediana con sus respectivas medidas de dispersión. Para las variables cuantitativas mediante proporciones. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó la Prueba exacta de Fisher para medir la asociación entre variables categóricas y la Kruskal-Wallis para el análisis de varianza, previo análisis de normalidad y homogeneidad de varianza. El cálculo de razones de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas se trabajó con el modelo regresión de Poisson para controlar las co-variables y se consideró un valor significativo a p< 0.05. Resultados: En el estudio se incluyeron 147 estudiantes de Odontología, con una edad media de 22.1 años ± 2,9 años con mayor predominio en el sexo femenino (74.2%). La prevalencia de cervicalgia fue 115 (78.2%). En relación a discapacidad cervical, se demostró que el 6,1% presentó discapacidad moderada y 44,2% presentó discapacidad leve. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación entre discapacidad cervical y dolor cervical en los últimos 3 meses (p=0.004) determinando 3.9 veces mayor probabilidad de tener discapacidad cervical, con respecto el consumo de medicamentos para disminuir el dolor cervical (p=0.049), determinando 1.3 veces mayor probabilidad de sufrir discapacidad cervical. Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación entre discapacidad cervical y la variable horas de práctica clínica. Conclusiones: No se encontró asociación significativa entre discapacidad cervical con horas de práctica clínica al día en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Odontología de UPC. Se determinó una prevalencia del 78.2% de dolor cervical en los universitarios de la carrera. Asimismo, se determinó una prevalencia al 50.3% de discapacidad cervical en la población estudiada.
Prevalencia y características del dolor cervical en cajeras de supermercados de Lima Metropolitana
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Levano Boggiano Violeta Andrea
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y las características del dolor cervical en las cajeras de supermercados en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en cajeras de cinco locales de una cadena de supermercados de Lima. Se aplicó una encuesta para determinar características generales del trabajo de las cajeras y se evaluó el dolor cervical a través de la escala de numérica. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y para evaluar la relación entre las variables de interés se utilizó ANOVA de una sola vía. Resultados: La edad promedio de las cajeras estudiadas fue de 24 años. En promedio, trabajaban 8,3 horas al día y 38,3 horas por semana, en su mayoría llevaban trabajando 12 meses. Se encontró una prevalencia lápsica de dolor cervical de 69,3% en los últimos tres meses y de leve intensidad en el momento de la entrevista, prevalencia puntual (30,2%). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el dolor y las horas trabajadas por día, semanas, la edad y el tiempo total de servicio como cajera. Conclusión: Las ocupaciones que implican movimientos repetitivos y sostenidos como es el caso de las cajeras estudiadas presentan una alta prevalencia de dolor cervical. Por eso, es importante que las empresas cuenten con un área de salud ocupacional que realice actividades preventivas para disminuir el riesgo de que se presente dolor cervical en este tipo de trabajos.