bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La exposición del empleo al Covid-19 en Colombia
Authors: Alfaro Laura , Eslava Marcela , Becerra Óscar
Published: April 2024

En este capítulo, analizamos la vulnerabilidad económica de los trabajadores colombianos a la crisis del Covid-19. Para esto, implementamos nuestro análisis en dos partes: primero, usando la metodología presentada en Alfaro, Becerra y Eslava (2020), mostramos elementos para cuantificar la vulnerabilidad del empleo y el valor agregado ante el choque del Covid-19. En ese análisis, definimos vulnerabilidad basada en características de los emparejamientos laborales entre empresas y trabajadores, agrupadas en cuatro dimensiones: informalidad laboral (i. e., relaciones laborales que no cumplan con la regulación laboral), el tamaño de la empresa (incluyendo trabajadores independientes), el sector económico en el que esta se desempeña y la ocupación u oficio que la persona ejerce dentro de ella. Como discutiremos más adelante, estas cuatro dimensiones influyen directamente en el grado de exposición que las personas tuvieron al choque económico causado por las políticas de exposición al Covid-19. La segunda parte de nuestro análisis contrasta esos indicadores de vulnerabilidad con los datos reportados por la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (geih) durante el segundo y tercer trimestre de 2020, que cubren aproximadamente el período en el que Colombia se encontró bajo órdenes de confinamiento.
Vulnerabilidad económica y gasto de los hogares en Colombia: elementos para una política pública en tiempos del Covid-19
Authors: Cortés Cortés Darwin , Gallegos Andrés , Londoño Diana Isabel
Published: April 2024

Con lo anterior en mente, y para evaluar el impacto del Covid-19 sobre el consumo, en este capítulo se construyó un concepto de vulnerabilidad de los hogares partiendo del concepto de vulnerabilidad laboral propuesto por el Observatorio Laboral de la Universidad del Rosario, que se pregunta cuáles son las ocupaciones más vulnerables a estrategias de confinamiento para reducir la tasa de contagio de la pandemia (Jaramillo, Londoño, Rodríguez y García Suaza, 2020). Así, desarrolla una noción basada en la posibilidad de hacer teletrabajo y en el lugar donde se ejerce la ocupación (por ejemplo, una persona que trabaja en la calle es más vulnerable a potenciales caídas en su ingreso que una persona que trabaja en una oficina). Además de esta introducción, este trabajo cuenta con cinco secciones más. En la segunda, se describen los datos de las encuestas utilizadas; en la tercera parte, el proceso de estimación de los modelos de demanda; en la cuarta, mostramos los resultados de la estimación y algunas comparaciones estadísticas con la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (geih) luego del choque inicial de la pandemia; en la quinta sección, se presenta un análisis de la evolución durante 2020; y en la última, unas reflexiones finales.
Inseguridad alimentaria de la población migrante venezolana durante el confinamiento ante el Covid-19
Authors: Rodríguez A. Sandra , Diartt Carolina
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo se utilizan los datos de la encuesta R4V generados por el Grupo Interagencial sobre Flujos Migratorios Mixtos (gifmm), que aborda las condiciones de vida de los refugiados y migrantes provenientes de Venezuela en el contexto del Covid-19. Mediante un análisis descriptivo y la estimación de un modelo logit ordenado, el objetivo es estimar los determinantes del riesgo de inseguridad alimentaria que enfrenta esta población migrante, dada la política de confinamiento establecida por el gobierno. El resto de este texto se compone de las siguientes secciones: la segunda presenta la revisión de literatura; la tercera, la metodología y datos usados para el estudio; la cuarta, los resultados; y, en la última, las conclusiones.
Crimen y Covid-19. Cómo los combos de Medellín respondieron a la pandemia
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Cerero David , Duncan Gustavo , Hernández Sebastián , Lessing Benjamin , Martínez Juan F. , Mesa-Mejía Juan Pablo , Montoya Helena , Tobón Santiago
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar, utilizando los resultados de la encuesta y las entrevistas anteriormente mencionadas, la forma como los grupos criminales de Medellín y el gobierno de la ciudad respondieron ante la pandemia del Covid-19. Este texto hace parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio liderado por los profesores Blattman y Lessing de la Universidad de Chicago, y Duncan y Tobón de la Universidad EAFIT, con el apoyo de Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). En el marco de este proyecto, cuyo objetivo general es comprender el crimen organizado de Medellín, así como diseñar y evaluar políticas para disminuir sus efectos negativos, un equipo de investigación ha venido recogiendo información sobre el mencionado fenómeno desde mucho antes del inicio de la pandemia del Covid-19.
Interacción entre las aves marinas pelágicas y la actividad pesquera: identificación de áreas de importancia para la conservación
Authors: Copello Sofía , Paz Jesica , Favero Marco , Seco Pon Juan Pablo
Published: April 2024

Los ecosistemas marinos son áreas donde convergen tanto actividades humanas como megafauna marina (aves, mamíferos y tortugas marinas). En el caso de las aves marinas pelágicas, como los albatros y los petreles, estas permanecen la mayor parte de sus vidas en el mar; consecuentemente, las amenazas a las que se enfrentan provienen, en gran parte, de las actividades humanas que se desarrollan en el mar, como por ejemplo, la actividad pesquera. La mortalidad incidental provocada por la pesca es una de las causas principales de la disminución de sus poblaciones. Para poder desarrollar herramientas espaciales que minimicen el impacto de la actividad pesquera sobre albatros y petreles, tales como la identificación de áreas de importancia para las aves en el mar, es necesario conocer la distribución de estas en el mar. A partir de la colocación de dispositivos miniaturizados en las aves, tales como transmisores satelitales, es posible estudiar sus movimientos e, incluso, su comportamiento (por ejemplo, áreas de alimentación vs. áreas de tránsito); además, es necesario modelar el esfuerzo de la flota pesquera. Presentamos información sobre la distribución en el mar del albatros de ceja negra (Thalassarche melanophris) y la superposición con actividad pesquera como estudio de caso y la identificación de áreas de importancia para su conservación en el mar.
Diversidad biológica marina en áreas no sometidas a la jurisdicción nacional: los mecanismos de gestión basados en zonas geográficas, incluidas las áreas marinas protegidas
Authors: Corbalan Tebar Wellington Boigues
Published: April 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los elementos necesarios para la correcta comprensión de la importancia y de la necesidad de las discusiones actuales, que tienen lugar en la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), con vistas a la regulación jurídica de la biodiversidad en áreas no sometidas a la jurisdicción nacional; especialmente, en relación con los mecanismos de gestión basados en zonas geográficas, incluidas las áreas marinas protegidas.
Prolonged disease control despite ALK inhibitor discontinuation in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC
Authors: Hussain Syed Ather , Faisal Hafsa , Dy Grace K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: EML4-ALK is an oncogenic driver, seen in around five per cent of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which can be targeted with anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors with great response rates. Disease flare refers to sudden rapid disease worsening on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) discontinuation, which is associated with shorter survival and worse outcomes. Here, we review cases previously published in the literature where patients developed disease flares, and contrast this with our patients who had prolonged survival despite TKI discontinuation. Case description: We report three different patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC seen at our institute, who had EML4-ALK translocation variant 1 oncogenic driver on next-generation sequencing. They received treatment with several different ALK inhibitors before opting to discontinue TKI. They were able to come off TKI safely without developing disease flare and had prolonged survival. Discussion: Shorter time to progression on TKI, presence of symptoms with disease progression or central nervous system/pleural metastasis have been previously linked with development of flare, although this was not seen in our case series. Tumour response at the time of treatment discontinuation, line of therapy, overall disease burden, fusion variant and co-alteration status can affect the prognosis of these patients after ALK TKI cessation. In particular, variant 1 and wild-type TP53 status may be a suitable patient population for dose optimisation strategies. Intermittent TKI dosing strategies may help to avoid acquiring resistance mutations and prevent long-term treatment toxicities. Conclusion: It is important for clinicians to identify patients at risk for developing disease flare on TKI discontinuation to improve outcomes. Intermittent TKI dosing strategies require further investigation.
A pesquisa em artes: a experiência, a experimentação e a escrita
Authors: Da Costa Luiz Cláudio
Published: April 2024

Neste texto, busco refletir sobre a singularidade da pesquisa em arte realizada na universidade.Parto da descrição do projeto da investigação, discuto o papel da orientação, as etapasdo processo, a experiência do sensível, bem como as experimentações e os gestos sobre omaterial sensível selecionado. Por fim, detenho-me sobre a escrita singular da pesquisa em artes.
Diante dos olhos: montagem
Authors: De Paula Regina
Published: April 2024

O ensaio se desenvolve a partir de um pensamento poético da experiência e abrangeuma constelação de interesses: arte como enigma, acontecimento; conexão com o outro; imbricaçãode identidade/pós-memória; flamenco, Aldeia Maracanã e experiência zapatista comocampos de sentido; oralidade, texto como imagem e a montagem como método poético e deatuação acadêmica.
Parenteral iron therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Roganovic Jelena
Published: April 2024

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be a global public health problem. Oral iron is the universally accepted first-line therapy, and most children have a prompt and favorable response to oral formulations. In subsets of children who fail to respond due to intolerance, poor adherence, or inadequate intestinal absorption, parenteral iron is indicated. Despite numerous studies in adults with IDA of diverse etiologies, pediatric studies on parenteral iron use are very limited. Although mostly retrospective and small, these studies have documented the efficacy and safety profile of intravenous iron formulations. In this editorial the author comments on the most important published data and underscores the need to seriously consider parenteral iron use in children unresponsive to oral therapy.
Efficacy and safety of Yangxinshi tablet for chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Sheng-Hua , Yu Yun-Feng , Dai Si-Si , Hu Ya-Qi , Liu Jian-He
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The specific benefits of Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) in the treating chronic heart failure (CHF) remain uncertain.

AIM

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of YXST in the treatment of CHF.

METHODS

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating YXST for CHF treatment were retrieved from eight public databases up to November 2023. Meta-analyses of the included clinical studies were conducted using Review Manager 5.3.

RESULTS

Twenty RCTs and 1845 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the YXST combination group, compared to the conventional drug group, significantly increased the clinical efficacy rate by 23% [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.17-1.29], P < 0.00001), left ventricular ejection fraction by 6.69% [mean difference (MD) = 6.69, 95%CI: 4.42-8.95, P < 0.00001] and 6-min walk test by 49.82 m (MD = 49.82, 95%C: 38.84-60.80, P < 0.00001), and reduced N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide by 1.03 ng/L [standardized MD (SMD) = -1.03, 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.74, P < 0.00001], brain natriuretic peptide by 80.95 ng/L (MD = -80.95, 95%CI: -143.31 to -18.59, P = 0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 3.92 mm (MD = -3.92, 95%CI: -5.06 to -2.78, P < 0.00001), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter by 4.34 mm (MD = -4.34, 95%CI: -6.22 to -2.47, P < 0.00001). Regarding safety, neither group reported any serious adverse events during treatment (RR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.15-1.90, P = 0.33). In addition, Egger's test results indicated no significant publication bias (P = 0.557).

CONCLUSION

YXST effectively improves clinical symptoms and cardiac function in patients with CHF while maintaining a favorable safety profile, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for CHF.
Intra-thyroid esophageal duplication cyst: A case report
Authors: Lin Hong-Guo , Liu Ming , Huang Xue-Yang , Liu Da-Sheng
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cysts are relatively rare in clinical practice, with most of the literature comprising case reports. Esophageal cysts protruding into the thyroid gland are easily misdiagnosed as thyroid tumors. No such cases have been reported so far.

CASE SUMMARY

This article reports the case of a 31-year-old adult male diagnosed with thyroid nodules before admission. The patient underwent left thyroidectomy and isthmusectomy. During the surgery, esophageal cysts were identified in the esophageal muscle and thyroid glands. The pathology results confirmed a nodular goiter combined with esophageal cysts. Postoperatively, the patient developed a neck infection and underwent another operation and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for recovery.

CONCLUSION

We report the first clinical case of an esophageal cyst located within the thyroid gland that was successfully treated surgically. Esophageal cyst located within the thyroid gland cause difficulties in diagnosis. In the present study, the contents of the esophageal cysts were calcified foci, and a small amount of fluid mixture, which were easily misdiagnosed as thyroid nodules and misled the surgical methods.
Thymic carcinoid with multiple bone metastases: A case report
Authors: Chen Chun-Qiao , Huang Ming-Yue , Pan Min , Chen Qiu-Qiu , Wei Fei-Fei , Huang Hui
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Thymic carcinoid (TC) is a rare entity among anterior mediastinal malignancies. TCs are neuroendocrine carcinomas that constitute approximately 2%–5% of all thymic epithelial tumors.

CASE SUMMARY

The study reported a rare TC with multiple bone metastases. A 77-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of lower back pain and weight loss of 5 kg. Magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed damage to the lumbar spine, sacrocaudal vertebrae and iliac crest, suggesting bone metastasis; computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax showed a calcified anterior mediastinal mass; positron emission tomography-CT demonstrated multiple abnormal bone signals; and laboratory work-up showed no endocrine abnormalities. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed predominantly single small, round to oval cells with scant cytoplasm and some loose clusters, suggesting endocrine manifestations. The pathological diagnosis was atypical carcinoid, which tend to originate from the thymus and was classified as intermediate-highly invasive. The patient underwent anlotinib-targeted therapy. Anlotinib (12 mg) was administered daily for 2 wk, after which the patient was allowed to rest for 21 d. Follow-up CT after one year demonstrated that the tumor had shrunk by approximately 29% after therapy. Treatment has a long stable disease benefit of more than 2.5 years.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrated that anlotinib is a promising treatment regimen for patients with TC and multiple bone metastases.
Who Demands Technical and Vocational Education in Pakistan? A PSLM Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants
Authors: Khan Suhrab , Ali Kazim
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The present study investigates the influence of demographic factors on the demand for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan has implemented various skill enhancement programs to harness the demographic dividend. However, only a small portion of the workforce receives any form of TVET, contributing to a shortage of skilled workers in the country. Many industries, particularly in manufacturing and mining, face deficits in the skilled labour. Consequently, this study aims to examine the role of demographic factors in shaping the demand for TVET within the Pakistani context. 
Methods: For the TVET demand's estimation, this study employed the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) dataset of 2018–19 by using binary logistic regression analysis (BLRA). The demographic variables include the household's income, household head's education, household size, male proportion of the target age group, household head's age, and region of the household. 
Findings: The findings indicate that households in the higher income category do not demand TVET. Moreover, if the head of the household is highly educated, then the household is less likely to participate in TEVT. So, the higher the socio-economic status, the lower the probability of demand for TVET from the better-off students. Further, this study also indicates that boys are more likely to participate in TVET-related degrees, while females are less likely to participate in TVET due to the non-availability of institutes and hostel facilities, poor transportation, the limited number of trades available for females, and security issues. 
Conclusion: The findings provide insightful evidence to support the idea that the higher the socio-economic status of households, the lower the probability of demand for a TVET degree or diploma. Similarly, children of parents with university education are less likely to pursue TVET-related degrees. The reason is likely attributed to the perception that TVET-associated degrees and diplomas are considered inferior due to their lower standing and prestige as compared to general or professional degrees. This study suggests that the attractiveness of TVET can be enhanced by improving the quality of TVET, improving labour market outcomes, and creating a pathway to general education. Overall, this study not only contributes to empirical analyses of socio-economic determinants in TVET demand but also suggests that its findings can be applied not only to South Asian countries but also to other comparable nations with similar cultural ties and affinities.
"Diez minutos de lectura”, una iniciativa para fortalecer el hábito lector en primero de la ESO. Una propuesta para motivar la lectura en el aula
Authors: Agosto Riera Silvia Eva , Carretero de Luis Esther , Mateo-Girona María Teresa
Published: April 2024

“Diez minutos de lectura” es una iniciativa organizada por un grupo de profesores que conforman el Proyecto Lingüístico de Centro (PLC) del Instituto Francisco Giner de los Ríos de Alcobendas, Madrid. La propuesta consiste en que, a lo largo de un mes, cada día de la semana, los alumnos dediquen diez minutos de una clase para leer en forma individual y silenciosa un libro de su elección. El único propósito de esta propuesta es el disfrutar de las páginas del texto elegido.
Uno de los objetivos del PLC es mejorar la competencia comunicativa y por ello la lectura es una de las destrezas básicas que debe desarrollar un estudiante. El hábito lector ayuda a los alumnos a buscar, recopilar y procesar información; comprender, componer y utilizar distintos tipos de textos, seleccionar y aplicar propósitos en presentaciones y escritura e interpretar y comprender la realidad, entre otros objetivos. Con iniciativas como estas, se busca fomentar el hábito y del gusto por la lectura, mejorar la comprensión lectora, fortalecer el pensamiento crítico e incorporar nuevos conocimientos.
Cuando los tejidos nos hablan: del dolor al placer
Authors: Jiménez Xiberta Marta
Published: April 2024

Vulvodinia o vestibulodinia o vestibulitis vulvar es un término que se utiliza para poner nombre a un dolor vulvar de más de tres meses de duración, en ausencia de cualquier trastorno específico y clínicamente identificable. De hecho, es un diagnóstico de exclusión: cuando todos los demás diagnósticos clínicamente objetivables son descartados, el diagnóstico es vulvodínia. Se describe por la clínica (dolor irritante, en forma de ardor, escozor, picor, presión, dolor punzante...) y no tiene una etiología evidenciada, ni un tratamiento estandarizado, por ser multifactorial y diversa. Por mi profesión tengo el privilegio de poder palpar, tocar, y trabajar manualmente sus tejidos. Con esta conferencia, quiero compartir cómo el contacto físico y la escucha de los tejidos permite acompañar a las mujeres en la comprensión de lo que los tejidos nos quieren explicar, a menudo antes de que la parte racional (y, desgraciadamente, la médica) puedan darle coherencia. El dolor persistente siempre habla. Por mi experiencia, el reto en el abordaje del dolor en esta zona esencial de la mujer es, más allá del trabajo técnico profesional, saberle escuchar y acompañar para descubrir qué está explicando, para poder comprenderlo y resolverlo verdaderamente.
“Do We Have to Tell Him He Hasn’t Been Getting Ativan?”: Truth Telling for a Patient with Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: C. White Lexi , Mabel Hilary
Published: April 2024

The authors present a case study involving truth telling responsibilities in the setting of nonepileptic seizures. Specifically, over the course of several suspected nonepileptic seizures, a patient’s seizures stopped after he received a saline flush meant to precede the administration of anti-seizure medication. The patient and his surrogate believed he had received the medication each time, and the team wondered whether they should disclose the truth. Some worried that disclosure would reinforce the suspected psychogenic behavior, exacerbating the patient’s condition. In this way, the case study presents a twist on the traditional truth telling archetype. While most truth telling cases center on navigating cultural differences or worries about emotional harm, this case presented concerns about medical harm in the form of exacerbating the patient’s condition. The authors describe the complex patient-family-team dynamic that preceded this ethical dilemma, describe the case, analyze the ethical issue, and describe the outcome.
In situ stress estimation in quantitative micro-elastography
Authors: Navaeipour Farzaneh , Hepburn Matt S. , Li Jiayue , Metzner Kai L. , Amos Sebastian E. , Vahala Danielle , Maher Samuel , Choi Yu Suk , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: April 2024

In quantitative micro-elastography (QME), a pre-characterized compliant layer with a known stress-strain curve is utilized to map stress at the sample surface. However, differences in the boundary conditions of the compliant layer when it is mechanically characterized and when it is used in QME experiments lead to inconsistent stress estimation and consequently, inaccurate elasticity measurements. Here, we propose a novel in situ stress estimation method using an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based uniaxial compression testing system integrated with the QME experimental setup. By combining OCT-measured axial strain with axial stress determined using a load cell in the QME experiments, we can estimate in situ stress for the compliant layer, more accurately considering its boundary conditions. Our proposed method shows improved accuracy, with an error below 10%, compared to 85% using the existing QME technique with no lubrication. Furthermore, demonstrations on hydrogels and cells indicate the potential of this approach for improving the characterization of the micro-scale mechanical properties of cells and their interactions with the surrounding biomaterial, which has potential for application in cell mechanobiology.
Enhancing the performance of mode-pairing quantum key distribution by wavelength division multiplexing
Authors: Zhou Xing-Yu , Hu Jia-Rui , Wang Jia-Jun , Cao Yuan , Zhang Chun-Hui , Wang Qin
Published: April 2024

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) holds great promise for the practical implementation of QKD in the near future. It combines the security advantages of measurement device independence while still being capable of breaking the Pirandola–Laurenza–Ottaviani–Banchi bound without the need for highly demanding phase-locking and phase-tracking technologies for deployment. In this work, we explore optimization strategies for MP-QKD in a wavelength-division multiplexing scenario. The simulation results reveal that incorporation of multiple wavelengths not only leads to a direct increase in key rate but also enhances the pairing efficiency by employing our novel pairing strategies among different wavelengths. As a result, our work provides a new avenue for the future application and development of MP-QKD.
5.4 W, 2.35 µm cascaded Raman fiber laser pumped by dissipative soliton resonance-like pulses
Authors: Yang Fuhao , Gu Qiyan , Lin Yu , Wang Meng , Liu Minqiu , Ouyang Deqin , Wu Xu , Zhao Junqing , Guo Chunyu , Lue Qitao , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: April 2024

We present a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror-based mode-locked fiber laser. By adjusting the pump power, the proposed laser exhibits a dissipative soliton resonance (DSR)-like pulse operation with a maximum pulse width of 150 ns. Subsequently, a three-stage Tm3+-doped fiber amplifier is implemented using a single-mode double-cladding Tm3+-doped fiber to increase the DSR-like pulse output power to 52.5 W, achieving a pump slope efficiency of 47.1% in the main amplifier. A 25 m first-order Raman-gain fiber (UHNA7) is pumped by a DSR-like pulse, and 16.3 W of pure 2.135 µm first-order Raman light with a spectral purity of 73.4% is obtained. Finally, 5.4 W of 2.35 µm second-order Raman light with a spectral purity of 66% is obtained using a 10 m 98% germania-core fiber as a second-order Raman-gain fiber cascaded after UHNA7 fiber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power ever obtained from a 2.3 µm laser.
Analytic ellipsometric measurement for materials under bulk encapsulation
Authors: Chen Shuying , Fu Hanyu , Yang Chengwen , Zhang Yi , Song Yan , Zhou Lin
Published: April 2024

Accurate measurement of the dielectric functions of emerging optical materials is of great importance for advancements in solid-state physics. However, it is rather challenging since most materials are highly active in ambient conditions, which makes in-situ measurements tough. Here, we report an analytical ellipsometry method (AEM) accessible in ambient conditions for measuring the dielectric functions of chemically reactive materials under bulk encapsulation. Taking the highly pursued low-loss plasmonic materials, such as sodium films, as an example, the effectiveness and measuring errors of the proposed AEM have been systematically demonstrated. This verifies AEM’s superiority in overcoming the limitations of traditional spectroscopic ellipsometry methodologies, which include complex multi-parameter fitting procedures and the issue of potentially unphysical results, especially in newly developed low-loss materials. Our results will provide a generalized and convenient ellipsometric measurement strategy for sensitive materials under bulk encapsulation.
Channel modeling for NLoS visible light networks with integrated sensing and communication
Authors: Zhang Pinpin , Wu Jiacheng , Wei Zixian , Sun Yimao , Deng Rui , Yang Yanbing
Published: April 2024

Inspired by the advanced integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in this Letter, we explore the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) optical channels formed by reflections from the ground or objects to establish an integrated channel model for simultaneous communication and sensing. The integrated channel model can, on the one hand, perceive the changes in the surrounding environment and, on the other hand, determine whether these changes positively or negatively affect the quality of communication simultaneously. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, from sensing, we analyze the impact of various floor materials and visible light communication (VLC) users on the integrated channel; from communication, we characterize the influence of perceived environmental changes on communication performance by calculating throughput. Experimental results confirm the capability of the derived model, which can support the design and deployment of VL-based ISAC networks.
Light field image super-resolution based on dual learning and deep Fourier channel attention
Authors: Ma Jian , Li Zhipeng , Cheng Jin , An Ping , Liang Dong , Huang Linsheng
Published: April 2024

Light field (LF) imaging has gained significant attention in the field of computational imaging due to its unique capability to capture both spatial and angular information of a scene. In recent years, super-resolution (SR) techniques based on deep learning have shown considerable advantages in enhancing LF image resolution. However, the inherent challenges of obtaining rich structural information and reconstructing complex texture details persist, particularly in scenarios where spatial and angular information are intricately interwoven. This Letter introduces a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for Disentangling LF Image SR Network (DLISN) by leveraging the synergy of dual learning and Fourier channel attention (FCA) mechanisms. Dual learning strategies are employed to enhance reconstruction results, addressing limitations in model generalization caused by the difficulty in acquiring paired datasets in real-world LF scenarios. The integration of FCA facilitates the extraction of high-frequency information associated with different structures, contributing to improved spatial resolution. Experimental results consistently demonstrate superior performance in enhancing the resolution of LF images.
High-sensitivity vector magnetic field sensor based on a V-shaped multimode-no-core-multimode fiber structure
Authors: Ji Yu , Pu Shengli , Liu Weinan , Zhang Chencheng , Fu Jiaqi , Han Shufei , Duan Simiao , Huang Siyang , Lahoubi Mahieddine
Published: April 2024

This work proposes and investigates a bent multimode-no-core-multimode optical fiber structure for vector magnetic field sensing applications. The bent no-core fiber (NCF) serves as the sensing area, and the gold film is deposited on its surface to excite the surface plasmon resonance effect. Due to the strong evanescent field of the unclad and bent NCF, the as-fabricated sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 5630 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.36–1.39. Magnetic fluid is employed as the magneto-sensitive material for magnetic field sensing, exhibiting a high magnetic field intensity sensitivity of 5.74 nm/mT and a high magnetic field direction sensitivity of 0.22 nm/°. The proposed sensor features a simple structure, low cost, point sensing, and excellent mechanical performance.
High-performance photodetection based on black arsenic utilizing the photoconductive effect
Authors: Yu Tingqiu , Zhang Shi , Wu Huilin , Su Jiayi
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional materials have gained considerable attention owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Among these, black phosphorus (BP) stands out for its tunable bandgap and high carrier mobility. However, its application is limited by its instability in the ambient condition. The emergence of black arsenic (b-As), which offers good environmental stability, is a promising 2D material candidate for black phosphorus, exhibiting tremendous potential in optoelectronic properties. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance b-As photodetector based on the dominance of the photoconductive effect, achieving a broadband spectral range from 520 nm to 1550 nm. This self-powered photodetector exhibits a rapid photoresponse speed, with impressive rise and fall times of 118 μs and 115 μs, respectively. Furthermore, characterized by a high responsivity of 1.826 A·W−1 and outstanding external quantum efficiency of 436%, the photodetector demonstrates its potential in IR optical communication and imaging capability. Our study introduces a novel photodetector material with broadband detection, fast photoresponse, high responsivity, and versatility, thereby providing a competitive alternative for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.
A phylogenetic method linking nucleotide substitution rates to rates of continuous trait evolution
Authors: Gemmell Patrick , Sackton Timothy B. , Edwards Scott V. , Liu Jun S.
Published: April 2024

Genomes contain conserved non-coding sequences that perform important biological functions, such as gene regulation. We present a phylogenetic method, PhyloAcc-C, that associates nucleotide substitution rates with changes in a continuous trait of interest. The method takes as input a multiple sequence alignment of conserved elements, continuous trait data observed in extant species, and a background phylogeny and substitution process. Gibbs sampling is used to assign rate categories (background, conserved, accelerated) to lineages and explore whether the assigned rate categories are associated with increases or decreases in the rate of trait evolution. We test our method using simulations and then illustrate its application using mammalian body size and lifespan data previously analyzed with respect to protein coding genes. Like other studies, we find processes such as tumor suppression, telomere maintenance, and p53 regulation to be related to changes in longevity and body size. In addition, we also find that skeletal genes, and developmental processes, such as sprouting angiogenesis, are relevant.
A point-of-care testing assay for clonorchiasis using a EuNPs-CsTR1 fluorescent probe-based immunoassay
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Zhang Huiyuan , Fang Yiming , Wang Jing , Wang Xingyang , Li Chen , Liu Xiaolei , Liu Mingyuan , Tang Bin , Liu Yi
Published: April 2024

Clonorchis sinensis is one of the most important fish-borne zoonotic parasitic worms in humans, and is distributed in several countries with more than 15 million people infected globally. However, the lack of a point-of-care testing (POCT) method is still the critical barrier to effectively prevent clonorchiasis. With the application of novel fluorescent nanomaterials, the development of on-site testing methods with high signal enhancement can provide a simple, precise and inexpensive tool for disease detection. In this study, Eu-(III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as indicative probes, combined with C. sinensis tandem repeat sequence 1 (CSTR1) antigen to capture specific antibodies. Afterward, the complex binds to mouse anti-human IgG immobilized on the test line (T-line) producing a fluorescent signal under UV light. The EuNPs-fluorescent immunoassay (EuNPs-FIA) was successfully constructed, allowing sample detection within 10 min. It enabled both qualitative determination with the naked eye under UV light and quantitative detection by scanning the fluorescence intensity on the test line and control line (C-line). A total of 133 clinical human sera (74 negative, 59 clonorchiasis, confirmed by conventional Kato-Katz (KK) methods and PCR via testing fecal samples corresponding to each serum sample) were used in this study. For qualitative analysis, the cut-off value of fluorescence for positive serum was 31.57 by testing 74 known negative human samples. The assay had no cross-reaction with other 9 parasite-infected sera, and could recognize the mixed infection sera of C. sinensis and other parasites. The sensitivity and specificity of EuNPs-FIA were both 100% compared with KK smear method. Taking advantage of its high precision and user-friendly procedure, the established EuNPs-FIA provides a powerful tool for the diagnosis and epidemiological survey of clonorchiasis.
Gas explosion characteristics and spray control mechanism in underground square
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Ma Jingyu , Shen Jiahui , Jiao Dengming , Chen Jinquan , Wu Xin , Wang Liqiang
Published: April 2024

The spray system mechanism during a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline is complex. In this paper, the underground square of Fuxin City is selected as the research object. FLACS numerical simulation software is used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline with an unopened spray system using combustion and combustion rate models. Different spray pressures were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal spray control pressure, and the spray system mechanism was clarified. The results revealed that the gas explosion overpressure is divided into the overpressure gentle, overpressure rising, and overpressure decay stages, corresponding to a trend of rapid growth and slow decline. The influence of spray pressure on the gas explosion exhibits a promotion–inhibition–promotion trend, corresponding to 0–0.2 MPa, 0.2–0.6 MPa, and 0.6–1.6 Mpa, respectively. The peak overpressure and overpressure propagation rates are the lowest at 0.6 MPa, and the explosion suppression effect is the most pronounced. The spray system mechanism varies with the explosion overpressure stages. Generally, the time to peak value, that is, the peak time, the overall duration of the explosion, and the duration of the explosion stage decrease, whereas the peak explosion overpressure decreases.
Gut microbiota composition in patients with Crohn’s disease in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alahdal Hadil , Almuneef Ghaida , Alkhulaifi Manal Muhammed , Aldibasi Omar , Aljouie Abdulrahman , Alharbi Othman , Almohawes Zakiah Naser , Basingab Fatemah , Rejili Mokhtar
Published: April 2024

Crohn’s disease (CD) entails intricate interactions with gut microbiome diversity, richness, and composition. The relationship between CD and gut microbiome is not clearly understood and has not been previously characterized in Saudi Arabia. We performed statistical analysis about various factors influencing CD activity and microbiota dysbiosis, including diagnosis, treatment, and its impact on their quality of life as well as high-throughput metagenomic V3-V4 16S rRNA encoding gene hypervariable region of a total of eighty patients with CD, both in its active and inactive state with healthy controls. The results were correlated with the demographic and lifestyle information, which the participants provided via a questionnaire. α-diversity measures indicated lower bacterial diversity and richness in the active and inactive CD groups compared to the control group. Greater dysbiosis was observed in the active CD patients compared to the inactive form of the disease, showed by a reduction in microbial diversity. Specific pathogenic bacteria such as Filifactor, Peptoniphilus, and Sellimonas were identified as characteristic of CD groups. In contrast, anti-inflammatory bacteria like Defluviitalea, Papillibacter, and Petroclostridium were associated with the control group. Among the various factors influencing disease activity and microbiota dysbiosis, smoking emerged as the most significant, with reduced α-diversity and richness for the smokers in all groups, and proinflammatory Fusobacteria was more present (p<0.05). Opposite to the control group, microbial diversity and richness were lower in CD participants of older age compared to younger ones, and male CD participants showed less diversity compared to women participants from the same groups. Our results describe the first report on the relationship between microbiota and Crohn’s disease progress in Saudi Arabia, which may provide a theoretical basis for the application of therapeutic methods to regulate gut microbes in CD.
Evidence of increasing wildfire damage with decreasing property price in Southern California fires
Authors: Conlisk Erin , Butsic Van , Syphard Alexandra D. , Evans Sam , Jennings Megan
Published: April 2024

Across the Western United States, human development into the wildland urban interface (WUI) is contributing to increasing wildfire damage. Given that natural disasters often cause greater harm within socio-economically vulnerable groups, research is needed to explore the potential for disproportionate impacts associated with wildfire. Using Zillow Transaction and Assessment Database (ZTRAX), hereafter “Zillow”, real estate data, we explored whether lower-priced structures were more likely to be damaged during the most destructive, recent wildfires in Southern California. Within fire perimeters occurring from 2000–2019, we matched property price data to burned and unburned structures. To be included in the final dataset, fire perimeters had to surround at least 25 burned and 25 unburned structures and have been sold at most seven years before the fire; five fires fit these criteria. We found evidence to support our hypothesis that lower-priced properties were more likely to be damaged, however, the likelihood of damage and the influence of property value significantly varied across individual fire perimeters. When considering fires individually, properties within two 2003 fires–the Cedar and Grand Prix-Old Fires–had statistically significantly decreasing burn damage with increasing property value. Occurring in 2007 and later, the other three fires (Witch-Poomacha, Thomas, and Woolsey) showed no significant relationship between price and damage. Consistent with other studies, topographic position, slope, elevation, and vegetation were also significantly associated with the likelihood of a structure being damaged during the wildfire. Driving time to the nearest fire station and previously identified fire hazard were also significant. Our results suggest that further studies on the extent and reason for disproportionate impacts of wildfire are needed. In the meantime, decision makers should consider allocating wildfire risk mitigation resources–such as fire-fighting and wildfire structural preparedness resources–to more socioeconomically vulnerable neighborhoods.
How do social networks, perception of social isolation, and loneliness affect depressive symptoms among Japanese adults?
Authors: Kushibiki Natsuho , Aiba Miyuki , Midorikawa Haruhiko , Komura Kentaro , Sugawara Daichi , Shiratori Yuki , Kawakami Naoaki , Ogawa Takafumi , Yaguchi Chie , Tachikawa Hirokazu
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the complex relationship among social isolation, loneliness, and perception of social isolation and its influence on depressive symptoms by evaluating a hypothetical model. This understanding is essential for the formulation of effective intervention strategies.

Methods

We conducted an online survey on Japanese adults (N = 3,315) and used the six-item Lubben Social Network Scale to assess the size of their social networks. We employed a single question to gauge their perception of social isolation. Loneliness was assessed using the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, and depressive symptoms were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model.

Results

The final model demonstrated satisfactory fit with data (χ2 (1) = 3.73; not significant; RMSEA = 0.03; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00). The size of social network demonstrated a weak negative path to loneliness and depressive symptoms (β = −.13 to −.04). Notably, a strong positive association existed between perception of social isolation and loneliness (β = .66) and depressive symptoms (β = .27). Additionally, a significant positive relationship was found between loneliness and depressive symptoms (β = .40). Mediation analysis indicated that perception of social isolation and loneliness significantly intensified the relationships between social networks and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Results indicate that interventions of psychological approaches, such as cognitive–behavioral therapy, are effective in reducing the perception of social isolation and loneliness, which may lead to the prevention of depressive symptoms. Future longitudinal studies are expected to refine and strengthen the proposed model.
Brief report: Effect of cardiac multi-morbidity on COVID hospitalization outcomes
Authors: Chouairi Fouad , Jaffe Edward , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Fudim Marat
Published: April 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched healthcare resources thin and led to significant morbidity and mortality. There have been no studies utilizing national data to investigate the role of cardiac risk factors on outcomes of COVID hospitalizations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on healthcare utilization and outcomes among COVID hospitalizations during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods

Using the national inpatient sample (NIS), we identified all adult hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of COVID in 2020, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (ICD010-CM). Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, previous stroke, and atrial fibrillation were then identified as cardiac comorbidities using ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on mortality and mechanical ventilation.

Results

We identified 1,005,040 primary COVID admissions in 2020. Of these admissions, 216,545 (20.6%) had CAD, 413,195 (39.4%) had DM, 176,780 (16.8%) had HF, 159,700 (15.2%) had AF, 30735 (2.9%) had PVD, and 25,155 (2.4%) had a previous stroke. When stratified by number of comorbidities, 428390 (40.8%) had 0 comorbidities, 354960 (33.8%) had 1, 161225 (15.4%) had 2, and 105465 (10.0%) had 3+ comorbidities. COVID hospitalizations with higher cardiac multimorbidity had higher mortality rates (p<0.001) higher MV rates (p<0.001). In our multivariable regression, these associations remained with increasing odds for mortality with each stepwise increase in cardiac multimorbidity (1: OR 1.48 (1.45–1.50); 2: OR 2.13 (2.09–2.17); 3+: OR 2.43 (2.38–2.48), p<0.001, all).

Conclusions

Our study is the first national examination of the impact of cardiac comorbidities on COVID outcomes. A higher number of cardiac comorbidities was associated with significantly higher rates of MV and in-hospital mortality, independent of age. Future, more granular, and longitudinal studies are needed to further examine these associations.