bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the Comprehensive Method of Regulation of Genomic Research
Authors: Kubyshkin A. V.
Published: May 2024

This paper represents an attempt by the author to formulate the need for comprehensive regulation of genomic research. The essence of genomic research can be considered through categories such as metascience, synergy, and convergence. Further the article analyzes the various forms of scientific cooperation in this area, in the aims of illustrating the social relations in the field of genomic research, and to highlight their interdisciplinarity and complexity. With reference to the aforesaid social relations, the author proposes the possibility of using a special integrated regulator to govern genomic research, including not only legal, but also ethical and moral norms. The author analyzes a broad range of ethical issues which may arise in the course of genomic research. Conclusions are then drawn with regard to the mechanisms of regulating genomic research by means of the symbiotic method. The article further discusses the relationship of this method with other methods of regulating social relations, suggesting the use of blockchain technology as one of the elements of regulation in the field of genomic research.
Personalized Medicine: the Organizational and Legal Framework of the Medicine of the Future
Authors: Berg L. N.
Published: May 2024

This article explores the notion and origin of personalized medicine, as well as its origin, and organizational and legal status in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the legislation in the field of personalized medicine shows that although the right to personalized treatment conforms to the constitutional right to health care, the legal regulation of personalized medicine in the Russian Federation remains fragmented. It is governed only by regulatory acts of secondary legislation, strategic planning acts, and individual clinical guidelines and standards. The author shows here that the legal foundations of personalized medicine in the Russian Federation need to be improved. Firstly, the status of personalized medicine needs to be established; changes need to be made to the current regulatory legal acts regarding the procedure for providing medical care. This would allow doctors to apply the achievements of personalized medicine in clinical practice. Secondly, the author considers that the existing three-level system of healthcare in the Russian Federation, based on the idea of standardization, does not correlate with the ideas of personalized medicine. Another crucial factor is the readjustment of the healthcare system. This would require the development of scientifically grounded proposals on the implementation of precision medicine and to promote public education on genetic counseling. The article highlights advances on the application of the achievements of personalized medicine in the establishment of world-class research centers. The author concludes that the organization of personalized medicine in the Russian Federation requires the adoption of specific measures aimed at the implementation of scientific foundations of personalized medicine into the training of future medical workers, aimed at treating and preventing diseases. These measures also include consoliding the legal status of personalized medicine, the use of achievement of personalized medicine and its methods in clinical practice, as well as the establishment of specialized scientific organizations and the improvement of educational programs.
Behavioural Genetics in the Context of Proof Within Civil Procedure
Authors: Sel’kova A. A.
Published: May 2024

Since being established as a separate branch of scientific knowledge, behavioural genetics has raised many ethical, legal and social questions. The identification of the genetic origins of behaviour is expanding beyond the scientific field into socially relevant areas such as justice, education and health care. The development of new techniques and analytical approaches, including genome sequencing, non-invasive prenatal testing and optogenetics, has clearly changed the direction of further development of behavioural genetics. This has also transformed the legal and social contexts of biomedical research analysed in this article. The author discusses the expanded scope of behavioural genetics which has become prominent in many countries. The author further focuses on the ethical, legal, social and political issues raised by the potential application of behavioural genetics used for evidentiary purposes in legal proceedings. The author draws the conclusion that behavioural genetics and behavioural genetic evidence are of significant value in determining circumstances relevant to a given case, thus assisting the court in coming to a legitimate and well-reasoned decision. By examining specific categories of cases (civil torts and guardianship cases), the author shows how the application of behavioural genetics can ensure that the rights of certain vulnerable groups (juveniles and persons with mental health problems) are adequately protected.
Application of Genomic Data for Consumer Procedures in Banking
Authors: Alekseeva D. G. , Mikheeva I. E. , Ponomareva D. V. , Guttakovsky Y. A.
Published: May 2024

The use of genomic information in banking – in particular, when issuing consumer loans and identifying clients – determines areas for the development of legal regulation of the application of genomic information. The establishment of the legal regime for genomic information is important due to the need to designate responsible persons for ensuring the safety of such information. In order to avoid disputable situations, as well as to protect the interests of banking customers, the present work advocates the introduction of certain amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Personal Data’ of the Russian Federation (2006). According to the proposed amendments, genomic (genetic) information should be classified as personal data. It therefore becomes necessary to increase the responsibility of the recipient of such information, as well as to establish rules for the restoration of a violated right. A suitable package of measures aimed at the banking sector will create an effective mechanism for protecting the genomic information of customers provided to a credit institution for the purposes of receiving banking or other services
Balancing Bioethics and Legal Frontiers: А Case Study of Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court Decision on Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Authors: Gulyaeva E. E. , Trikoz E. N. , Brasil D. R. , Isaac Torres Manrique Jorge
Published: May 2024

Background. The present work focuses on the need to protect prenatal life, which is intricately entwined with delineating the precise biological and legal juncture marking an embryo’s transition into personhood. Drawing upon bioethical insights from domestic frameworks and international jurisprudence, we compare diverse perspectives on the moral and legal standing of the embryo, including its right to life, and invoking legal principles in the context of cellular and regenerative medicine.Aim. The goal of this article is to investigate the various biosafety policy approaches governing embryonic stem cell research, ranging from outright prohibition to authorization solely for therapeutic or scientific ends. Through our analysis, we focus on the unique national context of Brazil to scrutinize the underlying rationale behind a specific legal challenge questioning the constitutionality of the BiosafetyLaw. This law, which permits the utilization of human embryonic cells for research and therapeutic purposes, raises concerns about potential infringement upon the inviolability of the right to life.Methodology. The research is based on deductive reasoning alongside formal-legal methodologies, including textual interpretation and comparative-legal analysis. The research process involved documentary, bibliographic, and virtual analytical inquiries utilizing a variety of resources such as legislative texts, monographs, academic articles, databases, and online libraries. Results. Through our examination in a distinct national context, we delineate the theoretical-philosophical and normative-ethical foundations underpinning the stances of Brazilian Supreme Court justices concerning the utilization of embryonic stem cells. Their arguments predominantly invoked significant constitutional liberties such as freedom of family planning, scientific research, and academic pursuits, intertwined with considerations of human dignity and the sanctity of life. Additionally, some justices cautioned against the potential hazards inherent in genetic manipulation.Implications. The legal and ethical ramifications of Brazil’s approach to biosafety legislation concerning embryo rights invoke the necessity for conducting neutral, unfettered scientific inquiry and regenerative therapies according to specific operational parameters. These include safeguarding the integrity of genetic inheritance, preemptive evaluation of potential risks and benefits (adherence to the precautionary principle), and ensuring informed consent for treatments. A significant hurdle consists in the need to establish robust mechanisms for overseeing research involving human embryos within the domains of biomedicine and regenerative cell therapy
COMPARISON OF BRAND AND RETAILER EQUITY REGARDING PURCHASE INTENTIONS OF CUSTOMERS IN TURKISH AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR
Authors: Karayalçın Cem
Published: May 2024

Several studies attempted to investigate brand equity and retailer equity regarding their relationship with the purchase intentions of customers. However, there is little research that studied both concepts in one single study. The first aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between brand equity and purchase intentions of customers; retailer equity and purchase intentions of customers. The second aim is to test the moderating effects of perceived advertising spending and retailer equity regarding the impact of brand equity on purchase intentions. Data were collected from Turkish customers. Results indicated the positive effect of brand and retailer equity on purchase intentions where the effect of brand equity was stronger. There were no moderating effects of retailer equity and perceived advertising spending regarding the impact of brand equity on purchase intentions. The most important findings were that brand equity and retailer equity have considerable and positive effects on the purchase intentions of customers; however, they act independently from each other.
Exploring Histologic Emphysema in a Rural Lobectomy Cohort: Insights and a Review Correlations of Histologic Emphysema
Authors: Sangani Rahul , Deepak Vishal , Buragamadagu Bhanusowmya , Ghio Andrew
Published: May 2024

Exposure to cigarette smoking is extensive in rural Appalachia where one in four adults’ smokes. The clinical implications of this habit are evident among patients with some of the highest national rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. Individuals undergoing surgical lung resection for suspicious lung nodules or masses at a major rural academic center in the area demonstrated an excessive burden of histologic emphysema (73.5%). This destructive process of the alveoli was linked to a significant burden of comorbid conditions, various radiologic patterns of interstitial lung diseases and interstitial lung abnormalities, histologic fibrosis, inflammatory processes (respiratory bronchitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, peribronchiolar metaplasia), anthracosis, and lung cancer. Physiologically, this combination of injuries imposed substantial limitations. Findings presented may enhance the understanding of concurrent changes occurring in the smoker. The complex inter-relationships and disparities between clinical COPD, radiologic and histologic emphysema are defined. While emphysema remains an irreversible pathology, associated inflammatory and fibrotic conditions are possibly amenable to earlier smoking cessation strategies and available disease-modifying therapies.
Telemedicine and Epilepsy. Experience of the Central Hospital "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" During and Post-pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Guzmán Rodolfo , Mayorga Adriana , Lara Arturo , Martinez Louis , Rivera Jonathan , Leyva Ildefonso
Published: May 2024

Background: Telemedicine is a real-time interactive communication that enables providers to join with patients and consultants across challenging geographic distances in a cost-effective, accessible manner. Telemedicine is helpful in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. This work aims to share the use of telemedicine in the management of patients with epilepsy belonging to suburban communities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its post-pandemic follow-up. Material and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted. The Telemedicine database in our hospital underwent a retrospective analysis. The inclusion criteria encompassed patients who had an initial consultation during the confinement period (2020-2021) and had at least one videoconference in the post-confinement period (2022-2023). Various parameters, including the number of consultations received, city of origin, treatment, etiology, type of epilepsy, comorbidities, and treatment outcomes, were gathered to facilitate a comparison between the two periods. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.25 for Mac. Results: Ninety-eight patients with an initial consultation between 2020 and 221 were identified, discarding 41 due to loss of follow-up during post-confinement, resulting in N=57 cases for analysis. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 confinement period in our hospital, Telemedicine emerged as the sole feasible option for providing care to patients in remote communities. It demonstrated remarkable success in monitoring the short and midterm progression of epileptic patients. The decrease in seizure frequency was sustained during the midterm.
Perioperative Influenza Vaccination: opportunities and strategies to meet the global call to action
Authors: Meyer Andrew
Published: May 2024

Influenza vaccination is a proven strategy vital to the promotion of population health. Global, national, and local healthcare organizations advise broad administration of seasonal influenza vaccination to occur at every opportunity. Despite established benefits of influenza vaccination and the global call to increase vaccination rate, multiple barriers beyond vaccine hesitancy have produced a gap between goal and actual influenza vaccine coverage. Proposed solutions to address these issues include developing context specific strategies that integrate with other healthcare services to target sub-populations of patients. One such strategy is influenza vaccination during the perioperative period, which is the continuum of care during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care. Historical approaches to perioperative vaccination have been two- fold. The first being a conservative approach, prioritizing the need to ‘first do no harm’, that avoids potential risks of misinterpretation of vaccine related adverse events as perioperative complications and immunomodulation impacting efficacy of immunization. The second being a liberal approach, prioritizing the global call to use every opportunity to vaccinate with individual and population health benefits of vaccination outweighing any low and theoretical risks posed by conservative concerns. Modern strategies balance these concerns and target context specific opportunities to apply perioperative influenza vaccination through evidence-based approaches in the preoperative and intraoperative phases of care. Additionally, opportunity to administer flu vaccine in the postoperative phase are also discussed. Global perioperative healthcare providers are called to action and encouraged to utilize and build upon these strategies to meet the global need of increasing influenza vaccination. The patients we serve deserve our advancements in protecting them.
THE GLAUCOMA RIDDLE – Why do Patients Still Go Blind from Glaucoma Despite All the Advances in its Management?
Authors: Jr Jr Remo , Susanna Fernanda , Susanna Carolina
Published: May 2024

Glaucoma is the first leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite significant resources and treatments, a substantial portion of patients go blind. This editorial examines the complexities surrounding glaucoma's progression, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and patient education. It underscores the imperative of early intervention, accurate risk assessment, and innovative strategies to mitigate the devastating impact of glaucoma-induced blindness on a global scale.
The Acquisition of Pragmatically Constrained Japanese Pronouns by L1 English Learners: Results from a Context Translation Task
Authors: Pimentel Carlos Luis
Published: May 2024

The allocation of explicit and implicit pronouns and the literature extensively discusses the syntactic and pragmatic conditions that permit and necessitate the use of overt and null pronouns in Romance languages, such as Spanish and Italian. This topic has been explored by various researchers, including Alonso-Ovalle and D’Introno (2000), Fernández-Soriano (1989), Luján (1987, 1999), Montalbetti (1984), Rigau (1986, 1988), and Rizzi (1997). Rothman (2009) argues that the employment of overt subject pronouns in Spanish is pragmatically unusual, except in select discursive situations when their existence contributes more to semantic interpretation than just agreement features. In Japanese, null forms of pronouns are more common than overt pronouns, as observed by Martin (1976). However, like Spanish, the distribution of pronouns in Japanese is influenced by both syntax and pragmatics. In pro-drop languages, overt pronouns, as well as lexical subjects, have the role of resolving any potential uncertainties that may occur when new referents are introduced in a conversation.
Animal Conceptual Metaphors in Kotowaza: A Cognitive Linguistic Study
Authors: Hakimi Iffatu Masrura Al
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study is to examine the cognitive linguistic perspective of Japanese culture in relation to animal-related kotowaza. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze 15 kotowaza from the comic book dictionary "Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten." The objective is to determine the grammatical and idiomatic meanings of these kotowaza, as well as to comprehend the mental metaphor of animals present in them. The research findings suggest that Japanese society employs animal kotowaza as metaphors to convey implicit messages about an individual's character. The kotowaza conveys intricate messages regarding moral principles in everyday life, as well as a profound comprehension of flawed circumstances, through the use of conceptual analogies. Various animal metaphors, including fish, horse, bird, cat, and monkey, are employed to symbolize different facets of existence and human nature.
Approach towards typical and atypical optic neuritis
Authors: Shrinkhal  , Garg Pragati , Singh Swarastra Prakash , Shukla Ruchi
Published: May 2024

Optic neuritis (ON) is a visually disabiliting disease, characterized by acute or sub-acute loss of vision due to inflammation of the optic nerve. When it is associated with a swollen optic disc, it is called papillitis. When the optic disc appears normal due to involvement of the retro-bulbar portion, the term retro-bulbar optic neuritis is used. ON can be broadly classified as typical and atypical. The diagnosis and management of these two types are very different and needs aggressive approach. This article focuses mainly on the approach towards a case of ON.
Intraoperative partial thickness compression suturing for descemet’s membrane detachment: A Novel technique
Authors: Raj Anuradha , Raj Rajnish
Published: May 2024

: To evaluate the efficacy of partial thickness transcorneal compression suturing with air desmetopexy in descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) during cataract surgery

: This is a retrospective review of records of patients who were managed for non-planar DMDs during phacoemulsification or small incision cataract surgery with partial thickness suturing with air descemetopexy in virgin eyes.

: A total of fifteen cases were identified including 11 females and 4 males with average age of 67 years. All patients involved in the study underwent uneventful cataract surgery. All 15 cases involved in the study with DMD during cataract surgery were caused by intra-operative trauma during different instrumentations. Five cases had peripheral DMDs and ten cases had central DMDs. The average size of non-planar DMD was 4 mm. Ten cases had DMDs with scrolled margins. Eight patients achieved the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/6 at the end of one month with clear corneas. Descemet’s membrane (DM) got completely attached at two weeks follow-up. The suture removal was done approximately after one month of follow-up.

: Partial thickness transcorneal compression suturing with air desmetopexy in non-planar DMD is very helpful in recovering traumatic corneal edema during cataract surgery.
Visual outcome of cataract surgery in paediatric uveitis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Natasha , Radhakrishnan Anil , Balan Suma , Kandula Pooja
Published: May 2024

1. To analyse the visual outcome in patients of paediatric uveitis who underwent cataract surgery; 2. To analyse the post-operative complications of cataract surgery in paediatric uveitis.

Retrospective observational study was done on patients of uveitis who underwent cataract surgery. Patients who were under 18 years and co-operative for examination were included.

They underwent Phacoaspiration with posterior chamber IOL implantation by a single surgeon after 3 months of activity free interval, BCVA(in Log MAR) in every follow up, anterior segment examination using slit lamp and posterior segment examination using IDO, post-operative complications and Intra ocular pressure was recorded using Noncontact tonometer.

Uveitis was classified using the SUN classification of uveitis. Use of corticosteroids, biologics and immunosuppressive drug were collected at each visit.

Total of 18 subjects diagnosed with cataract as a complication of uveitis & undergone cataract surgery were studied (6 were females, 12 were males) 9 had anterior uveitis, 1had intermediate uveitis and 5 had pan uveitis. JRA (66.7%) was the most common cause identified. Improvement in vision from baseline was observed post-surgery at the end of first, third and 6th month which was statistically significant (P- Value <0.05). Average duration of disease before they underwent surgery was 18 months. Most common post op complication was posterior capsular opacification (50 %), others include secondary glaucoma (38.9), exudative retinal detachment (5.6%) and Vitritis (22.2%)

Unlike adult uveitic patients, the surgical management of paediatric uveitic cataract is both challenging and controversial, and the surgery itself has been associated with poor visual outcomes. However, our study had shown that with implantation of IOL, good immunosuppressants and control of the disease can give these children a good visual outcome.
Intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma
Authors: Rolfe Olivia , Staffieri Sandra , Matthew Anu , Elder James , McKenzie John , D’Arcy Colleen , O’Day Roderick
Published: May 2024

Ectopic lacrimal glands are rare, particularly intraocularly. We present the case of an infant who presented with a fleshy, vascular intraocular lesion and subsequently developed secondary glaucoma. The patient underwent primary enucleation, which was preferred over diagnostic biopsy due to the likelihood of malignancy and poor visual prognosis. Histology confirmed intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma. This case highlights the challenges in clinical diagnosis of intraocular lesions, and the potentially aggressive nature of benign tumours such as lacrimal gland choristomas.
Theriac of Jerome Horsey
Authors: Stolyarova Lyubovj
Published: May 2024

The study is dedicated to the history of the so-called universal antidote: theriaс (treacle), the goal of the efforts of medical science of the Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Modern Time. The wide usage of poisons in the European politics up to the late 18th century made it necessary to obtain an antidote effective against at least many poisons. Various recipes of theriac mention up to one hundred components, mostly stimulating excretory functions of human organism and working as anesthetic, absorbent, antidepressant, and sedative, some of the components being, nevertheless, useless from the point of view of nowadays pharmacology (such as snake skin, beaver jet, etc.). The first mention of the usage of theriac as a remedy in Russia is connected with the events of 1591 in Uglich, Moscow, and Yaroslavl, when Tsarvich Dmitry Ivanovich died and Tsaritsa Maria Fedorovna Nagaya was supposed to have been poisoned. The paper discusses the etymology of the word theriac, the evolution of the makeup of medieval European theriacs, one of which, the ‘Venice treacle’, was given to the family of the Tsarevich and the Tsaritsa by Jerome Horsey, diplomat and the head of the Moscow office of the English Trade Company.
Diplomatic Ceremonial for the Reception of British Envoy’s Sister at the Court of Catherine II
Authors: Novikova Arina
Published: May 2024

Referring to relevant approaches of New Diplomatic History, this article looks into a ceremonial reception for the British envoy’s sister by a Russian court. Although the procedure for introducing diplomatic spouses to European monarchs in the eighteenth century has been studied in depth, the issue of resolving ceremonial disputes remains unanswered. The case of arrival of James Harris together with his wife and sister in Russia in 1777 invites us to re-examine women’s participation in diplomatic ceremonies at the Russian Imperial Court. Miss Harris, not being de juro an official member of the diplomatic corps (that is, neither wife nor daughter of a designated male), de facto was an agent of diplomatic action. She was presented to the Russian court, thought accepted rules did not allow unmarried women to attend court functions. This article draws on a set of archival unpublished diaries of Katherine Harris which are devoted to court presentations and rituals as well as miss Harris’s assessment of courtiers and Russian noble society. The article concludes that, contrary to popular opinion, diplomatic protocol at Catherinian court was flexible. So, despite the prohibition for unmarried women to enter the palace, the imperial court greeted Katherine Harris as an ambassadress. Meanwhile, Catherine II perceived some rituals as an indispensable prerequisite (for example, the kissing of the sovereign’s hands).
Specifics of the Russian Consular Service in the Ottoman Empire in the Last Quarter of the 18th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Petrunina Olga
Published: May 2024

The specifics of the activities of Russian consular institutions in the Ottoman Empire were studied in historiography using the examples of particular consuls in certain historical periods. The article attempts to trace the general patterns throughout the entire period of the functioning of the Russian consulates in the Empire — from the era of their appearance until the First World War. The archival and published documents related to the activities of the consulates show that the specifics of their work in the Ottoman Empire were largely determined by the peculiarities of the Empire itself: a state-legal system different from the European one, Islam as the state religion while maintaining many confessions among the population, multi-ethnicity, and the unequal nature of relations with European countries. In adapting to these conditions, the Russian consular service initially relied heavily on the French experience, while at the same time taking advantage of the presence in the country of a significant Orthodox population. The shortage of its own qualified diplomats had to be filled by hiring foreigners. The number of consular offices and their workload have increased over time, and the qualifications of the staff have improved. Throughout the period, the consuls solved not only commercial, but also political problems.
More Than “A Question of Tariffs”: the Extraordinary Bolivian Congress of 1847 in the Face of War With Peru
Authors: Irurozqui Victoriano Marta
Published: May 2024

The dispute between the executive and legislative powers, regarding the depositaries of popular sovereignty and the limits of its exercise, is discussed through a conflict, the tariff war between Bolivia and Peru in 1846—1847, and a convention, the Bolivian Extraordinary Congress of 1847. Through the rhetorical constructions of an external enemy and an internal enemy, the way in which the legislature assumed and managed the war solution is addressed, with emphasis on the nature of the discussions and the political organization of dissent. The legislative action revealed the contrast between two public concerns, order and freedom, in a climate of Pan-Americanism, contrary to the war of usurpation and conquest as a response to conflicts between nations.
About the First Mention of the Rus Merchants in Byzantium
Authors: Melnikova Elena
Published: May 2024

The information of the Arabic official and writer Ibn Khordadbeh in The Book of Roads and Kingdoms about ar-Rūs merchants was studied many times but his mention of their travels to “the sea ar-Rum” where they pay the tithe to the ruler of ar-Rum did not attract much attention. On the one hand, it was taken for granted that in the 9th century there existed trade connections between Scandinavians who settled in Eastern Europe and Byzantium in spite of the almost absolute lack of archaeological confirmations of trade with Byzantium both in Scandinavia and in Eastern Europe in the 9th century and the silence of written sources. On the other hand, the identification of the place where the Rūs merchants traded with Kherson is dominating in modern literature. The mention of the Rūs merchants by Ibn Khaodadhbeh is, however, the earliest and unique peace of information of the trading activity of the Rus in Byzantium in the 9th century and as such it deserves greater attention, all the more so as the dating of Ibn Khordadhbeh’s work is debatable. First, most of the scholars tend to believe that there existed two versions of The Book dated to the 840s and 880s. Since the information about the Rūs merchants exist in both versions it is considered to belong to the 840s. Serious arguments, however, were recently suggested in favour of the existence of only one, and late, version. Second, the interpretation of the “ar-Rum sea” as the Black sea contradicts both its regular usage in Oriental literature as the designation of the Mediterranean Sea and its usage by Ibn Khordadhbeh himself: there are four other cases where the hydronym as unambiguously applied to the Mediterranean. Thus it is possible to speak about the trade activity of Rus in Byzantium and, maybe, in Constantinople with a great degree of confidence. The juxtaposition of Ibn Khordadhbeh’s information with a few other sources on Rus and Byzantium connections that came to us from the 9th century convincingly demonstrate the domination of peaceful relations based most probably on mutually beneficial trade and accompanied by diplomatic procedures and the recognition of the title “khagan” of the Rus ruler at any case in the second half of the 9th century. If we agree with the early date of The Book of Roads and Kingdoms, the beginnings of trade connections between the Rus and Byzantium can be dated to the first half the 9th century and it seems possible to suggest, highly hypothetically, that the embassy of the khagan of the Rhos to the emperor Theophilos at the end of the 830-s could have for their object the regulation of trade.
“Peace that is no Peace”: The Background of the Cold War of 1945—1991 between the Soviet Union and the United States of America
Authors: Tomsinov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the background of the Cold War of 1945—1991 between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, which became the first truly global conflict in world history. Firstly, the author studied the origin of the term “cold war” itself, which indicated the absence of a full-scale military clash (“hot war”) directly between the armed forces of two opposing superpowers — the USSR and the USA. The author also convincingly demonstrated the fact that Washington and London began the Cold War against their former World War II ally, Moscow, at least a year and a half before the famous Fulton speech of W. Churchill, delivered by the British politician on March 5, 1946.
The Opening of the Muslim World League Office in Paris in 1977. Based on Materials from the Archives of the French Foreign Ministry
Authors: Osipov Evgeny
Published: May 2024

The article, based on materials from the archives of the French Foreign Ministry, most of which had not been introduced into scientific circulation before, restores the history of the opening of the office of the Muslim World League in Paris in 1977, which became an important event and led to a noticeable increase in the influence of Saudi Arabia on the Muslim community of France. The archival materials show that the French Ambassador to Saudi Arabia Robert Richard played a significant role in the opening of the office, regularly rushing the leadership of the French Foreign Ministry to make a decision. The tactics chosen by the leadership of the League turned out to be correct: negotiating with the French side not through Islamic organizations and centers, but through the French embassy in Saudi Arabia, thus making this issue an aspect of bilateral relations and linking it with the visit of Valerie Giscard d'Estaing to Saudi Arabia. The problem of the spread of Salafism to the Muslim diaspora in France was not actually taken into account.
In Search of Lost Time: the Congress of the Islamic World in Mecca (1926)
Authors: Kirillina Svetlana
Published: May 2024

This paper sets out to retrace the key stages of the preparation and holding of the Congress of the Islamic World in Mecca (1926), which profoundly influenced public opinion and the course of ideological and political development of the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. The purpose of the study is to assess the political, religious and philosophical positions of supporters of the revival of the caliphate in the main historical and cultural areas of the Arab-Muslim world, as well as the reaction of Muslim figures in peripheral regions to the plans and spiritual and political claims of the Saudi ruler of Arabia Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud). The convocation of the congress allowed him to legitimize his claims to be the leader of Sunni Muslims and to neutralize the aspirations of the Egyptian crown and British diplomacy, which intended to proclaim King Fuad I of Egypt as caliph. The authors identify a wide range of political, legal and propagandist means used by the Saudi monarchy to discredit alternative forms of related to caliphate sentiments in the Arab-Muslim world. The coercive “depoliticization” by Ibn Saud of the movement for the caliphate and the reduction of the agenda of the Mecca Congress to the discussion of medical, economic, transport and logistics issues of the Muslim pilgrimage forged the basic principles of the political and propaganda tactics of the third Saudi state for years to come. The article analyzes the historical and cultural origins of the perception of the institution of the caliphate by Muslims in various regions of the world of Islam. The events and the course of the congress in Mecca, as shown in the study, provoked ideological and political differences between the Saudi leadership and the leaders of South Asian Muslims who advocated the caliphate in the geopolitical conditions of the interwar period. This circumstance subsequently led to the organization by the opponents of Saudi hegemony of the General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem in 1931.
Russia in the Struggle for a Place in the World Scientific Space
Authors: Belozerov Vasily
Published: May 2024

Russia's entry into the world scientific space is distinguished by its originality. The formation of science in Russia as an independent social institution began later than in many European countries. The development of science in our country was initially initiated by the authorities. In a number of areas, Russian science has reached the leading positions in the world. Currently, the development of Russian science is difficult for a number of reasons. One of the factors hindering its development is the politicization of international scientific cooperation, the creation of barriers by Western countries, starting from March 2022. The way out of this situation is seen in strengthening scientific cooperation and cooperation between Russia and countries that adhere to a constructive and unbiased approach.
Justice in the Policy of Legal Acculturation of Siberian Peoples (First Half of the 19th Century)
Authors: Voropanov Vitaly
Published: May 2024

The article examines the issue of extending Russian legal standards to the indigenous population of Siberia through the jurisdictional activities of imperial authorities. At the same time, an acculturation model is used to explain the relations between the imperial center and the internal peripheral regions and outskirts of the state, which previous historiography has not dealt with. The scientific analysis was carried out using regulatory legal acts and office documentation, mainly re-extracted from domestic state archives. Government measures aimed at the legal acculturation and integration of Siberian indigenous peoples into the general imperial legal system through the use of flexible forms of judicial system and legal proceedings are considered. The living conditions of the “foreigners” had significant geographical, cultural, and economic differences. This was taken into account by the imperial legislator, who offered the aborigines extraordinary bodies of justice. However, social life made traditional forms of court extremely viable, which, together with other factors, increased the diversity of judicial institutions and procedures in the Siberian macro-region.
The Role of Рavel Miliukov in the Russian Emigrant Community: Controversial Issues
Authors: Kukushkina Irina
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the activities of the leader of the Cadet party P. N. Milyukov in exile in London and Paris. The author examines his political, scientific, editorial and journalistic activities. It is noted that Milyukov has made significant progress in all these areas. As a politician he sought to unite all the anti-monarchical and democratic forces of the Russian emigration, as a platform for such association he thoughts “a new tactic” — the end of the armed struggle against the Bolsheviks and the fight against them in new forms. Being a politician, Milyukov did not cease to be a historian and publicist, the newspaper “Posledniye Novosti” he edited was popular not only in Russian emigration, it was read also Soviet Russia. The activity of P. N. Milyukov was aimed at supporting those emigrants and ordinary people in Soviet Russia who had not enough means of subsistence, as well as the support of Russian culture abroad. The article is based on a wide range of both published and archival documents, primarily those stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Milyukov, Kuskova, Argunov funds).
Imperial Acculturation Policy in the South-Eastern Frontier Zone as a Subject of Study in Russian Historiography
Authors: Magomedov Ramazan
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the problems and conceptual approaches of research on the history of acculturation policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the annexed territories, which are reflected in the works of modern domestic researchers. The discussion around the acculturation model of understanding the empire as a methodological alternative to the colonial approach is summarized. The article notes the contribution of the researcher S. V. Lyubichankovskiy in the development of the concept of acculturation as a methodological basis for historical research, which, in his opinion, does not contradict the model of colonialism. On the contrary, both theoretical constructs complement each other. S. V. Lyubichankovskiy sees the advantage of the acculturation model in the fact that it is more universal, which allows successfully solving research problems. Through the prism of historiography the history of imperial policy on the integration of nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnoses inhabiting the zone of the south-eastern frontier into the economic and socio-cultural space of the Russian state is shown. The study of the main directions of acculturation policy in relation to the ethnic groups that inhabited the Ural-Volga and Central Asian territories is summarized.
Political Situation and Ideological Background in Bavaria on the Eve of the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923
Authors: Sofronov Konstantin
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the article is to determinate the ideological platforms of various political forces in Bavaria in 1923 before the Hitler putsch. The study considers movements of an all-German nature, rooted in the situation of 1918/1919, and local South German initiatives related to the peculiarities of the geographical location of the region and contradictions with the federal center. The novelty of this study lies in a clear categorization of various political groups with the creation of conditions for a thorough study of the process of participation of military circles in the vicissitudes of the state crisis of 1923. The complex of existing contradictions manifested itself most clearly in Bavaria, which became a refuge for a large number of paramilitary organizations, the legitimacy of which was in question. Tensions were also observed in relations between the regional and all-German Reichswehr, which were formally a single structure. The involvement of archival materials allows us to make a conclusion about the strong regional isolation of Bavaria and the orientation of local political groups towards neighboring countries.
25 Years of the Russian-German Commission of Historians: Some Results of Activity
Authors: Dudarev Vasiliy
Published: May 2024

Science diplomacy has a great potential in internationalization of science, building and developing professional relations between scientists from different countries. The present study shows the history of formation and practical results of the Joint Commission for the Study of the Modern History of Russian-German Relations over the 25 years of its existence (1997—2022). The study of these issues allowed us to conclude that over the past 25 years historians of the two countries managed to achieve a high degree of mutual understanding and consensus in the preparation of joint research projects, which caused a positive public resonance in both Russia and Germany. This was a testament to the possibilities of scientific diplomacy in the dialog between the two countries.
Participation of Russia in the 1860—1861 International Commission on Syria
Authors: Sagomonyan Alexander
Published: May 2024

The definition of the “Syrian crisis of 1860” is based on a series of bloody clashes and pogroms that broke out on the territory of Mount Lebanon and Damascus. These events had such a resonance in Europe that the government of the Ottoman Empire was forced to agree to the arrival of the French expeditionary force and the creation of an international commission consisting of representatives of five European powers — Britain, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia. The results of the commission's work turned out to be quite balanced and successful, ensuring the peaceful development of the region until the First World War. For Russia, participation in the European Commission has become a landmark event: this was one of the first episodes when, after the defeat in the Crimean War, she was able to fully perform in the ranks of the European concert, although, of course, not in the first roles. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role played by Russian diplomacy in resolving the Syrian conflict, and how participation in the work of the European Commission affected Russia's relations with other European powers.
Big Data for Studying Population Migration: Analytical Capabilities
Authors: Aleshkovski Ivan
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the possibilities and features of usage the “big data” processing methods for studying population migration. Particular attention is paid to the main problems of obtaining primary information from digital sources and the limitations of their use. The article assesses the possibilities of using “digital traces” of mobile operators, application routing and open data from social networks to analyze migration flows. It also provides specific examples of such research and draws conclusions about the prospects for using digital “big data” services to enrich the information of classical migration registration tools.
Narrative Contradictions: to the History of the Publication of Vasily Grossman’s Essay “Dobro Vam: from Travel Notes”
Authors: Feldman David
Published: May 2024

The article considers variants of interpretations of the publication history of V. S. Grossman's essay “Dobro Vam: From Travel Notes”. The polemic between A. G. Bocharov, the author of the book about Grossman, and N. A. Gonchar, who published this essay in the journal “Literary Armenia”, is considered. It is proved that the history of the publication of the essay was presented inaccurately in the emigrant and then in the Soviet press; in particular, the information that there was no fragment devoted to anti-Semitism in the publication of “Literary Armenia” was erroneous. We analyze the reasons why most literary scholars still ignore the information about the first journal publication proposed by the participant of the editorial preparation and documented.
Modern Political Protest in the US: Conceptual Framework, Values, Practices
Authors: Krotkov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological approaches to issues related to socio-political mobilization. The main historical eras (premodern, modernity and postmodern) are taken as a basis, which determine various forms, types and practices of political protest. Thus, it is concluded that the level of development of society directly affects political actors, institutional architecture in structural, procedural and regulatory terms, which determines the nature of socio-political actionism. Attention is paid to the practices of postmodern society, which have their own specifics, which is expressed in the formation of a dichotomous, ideological-value spectrum, the struggle for symbolic capital, antagonism between different identities and related social narratives. A special place in the analysis is given to the political-regime configuration, in particular, the post-democratic crisis, which, in the case of American public practices, is to a certain extent overcome through the mechanics of agonistic and counter-democracy. The study uses the method of situational analysis (case studies), which has its own epistemological variability in the form of positivist, critical and interpretive (post-positivist) components. The article also examines the public political struggle in the United States in line with symbolic policies during the presidency of D. Trump. The repertoire of American protest is analyzed in the designated methodological context. Particular attention is paid to the generation aspect of the unconventional protest movement, which is one of the key in both the United States, in particular, and Russia, which is paid to part of the comparativist analysis. The conclusion assesses the relevance of two hypotheses formulated by E. V. Brodovskaya, M. A. Davydova, E. A. Eremin regarding the influence of the level of rigidity of the political regime and the legitimacy of the inactive part of society on the continuum of political manifestation in the United States. If the first conclusion had its practical expression on the example of the American case, then the second looks less unambiguous.