bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generic Bayesian network models for making maintenance decisions from available data and expert knowledge
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Marsh D William R
Published: October 2018

To maximise asset reliability cost-effectively, maintenance should be scheduled based on the likely deterioration of an asset. Various statistical models have been proposed for predicting this, but they have important practical limitations. We present a Bayesian network model that can be used for maintenance decision support to overcome these limitations. The model extends an existing statistical model of asset deterioration, but shows how (1) data on the condition of assets available from their periodic inspection can be used, (2) failure data from related groups of asset can be combined using judgement from experts and (3) expert knowledge of the deterioration’s causes can be combined with statistical data to adjust predictions. A case study of bridges on the rail network in Great Britain (GB) is presented, showing how the model could be used for the maintenance decision problem, given typical data likely to be available in practice.
On modeling insights for emerging engineering problems: A case study on the impact of climate uncertainty on the operational performance of offshore wind farms
Authors: Dinwoodie Iain , McMillan David , Lazakis Iraklis , Dalgic Yalcin , Revie Matthew
Published: October 2018

This article considers the technical and practical challenges involved in modeling emerging engineering problems. The inherent uncertainty and potential for change in operating environment and procedures add significant complexity to the model development process. This is demonstrated by considering the development of a model to quantify the uncertainty associated with the influence of the wind and wave climate on the energy output of offshore wind farms which may result in sub-optimal operating decisions and site selection due to the competing influence of wind speed on power production and wave conditions on availability. The financial profitability of current and future projects may be threatened if climate uncertainty is not included in the planning and operational decision-making process. A comprehensive climate and wind farm operational model was developed using Monte Carlo operation to model the performance of offshore wind farms, identifying non-linear relationships between climate, availability and energy output. This model was evaluated by engineers planning upcoming offshore wind farms to determine its usefulness for supporting operational decision making. From this, consideration was given to the challenges in applying the Monte Carlo simulation for this decision process and in practice.
Dual Purpose Use of Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon for Management of Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Khalid Mohammed A. , Weiss William M. , Iloanya Michael , Panchbhavi Vinod K.
Published: October 2018

Background: Chronic Achilles tendon ruptures are uncommon and increase long-term morbidity when untreated. There is no standard treatment for this condition. Methods: Chronic Achilles tendon rupture was repaired in 10 patients by harvesting the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) using a minimally invasive technique. It was then transferred to the calcaneus and the remnant used to bridge the gap for reconstructing the Achilles tendon itself. The patients were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. Results: Patients were evaluated postoperatively to assess pain, function, and alignment of the ankle and hindfoot. Average follow-up time was 30.9 months (range = 17-43 months). The average postoperative AOFAS score was 78.5 (range = 54-94). The average postoperative score for pain was 33.5 out of 40; for function, 38.7 out of 50; and for alignment, 6.3 out of 10. A single surgical site infection requiring Incision and Drainage (I&D) was the only operative complication noted. No patient developed a significant deformity of the hallux after transfer. Conclusions: FHL transfer using a minimally invasive harvest for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures produces good to excellent outcome measures as judged by an AOFAS score of 75 or greater while minimizing risk to the medial neurovascular bundle.

Levels of Evidence: Case series, Level IV: Retrospective
Can Color and Motion Information Be Used to Disentangle the Influence of Multiple Light Sources on Gloss Perception?
Authors: Wendt Gunnar , Faul Franz
Published: October 2018

Previous results suggest that the glossiness of a surface is systematically underestimated when adjacent highlights from different light sources overlap to such an extent that they appear as a single, expanded highlight. Here we investigated how the availability of color- and motion-induced information, which may help to unravel such merged highlights, affects gloss constancy. We used images of computer-generated scenes where a complex 3D object made of glossy material was illuminated by three point light sources, which had varying distances to each other. The point lights were either all achromatic or they differed clearly in their color and the test object was either presented statically or rotating. The subjects had to adjust the smoothness of a match object illuminated by a single achromatic point light so that it appeared to have the same glossiness as the test object. The results show that color information contributes to gloss constancy in this situation: If it was available, the perceived glossiness remained almost invariant with changes in the degree of overlap between the highlights. This suggests that highlights of different color are processed separately. Motion information had no such effect but only led to a general increase in perceived glossiness.
Race and Social Boundaries: How Multiracial Identification Matters for Intimate Relationships
Authors: Littlejohn Krystale E.
Published: October 2018

While researchers have explored in detail how multiracial identification shapes symbolic boundaries (conceptual distinctions), they have paid less attention to its effects on social boundaries (how people behave). This study examines multiracial individuals’ odds of marriage and cohabitation with blacks and whites to examine whether this population challenges current race-based social boundaries via partner choice. Analyses of data from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey (ACS) show that while those who identify with more than one race are indeed more likely to have a black (white) partner than their nonblack (nonwhite) monoracial counterparts, this phenomenon is driven by the choices of multiracials with at least a part black (white) identity. For example, multivariate results show that multiracial individuals who do not report any white identity are not more likely than nonwhite monoracials to marry a white partner. Moreover, part-white multiracials are more likely than nonwhite multiracials to have a white partner. These findings largely reflect expectations derived from theories of ingroup/outgroup behavior. In sum, although multiracial individuals may contribute to challenging symbolic boundaries, the results suggest that they are not necessarily disproportionately likely to challenge race-based social boundaries via their partner choices.
Usefulness of IMP3 and FOXP3 to predict metastasis of cutaneous melanomas
Authors: Ocanha-Xavier Juliana Polizel , Xavier-Junior José Cândido C. , Marques Mariângela Esther Alencar
Published: October 2018

Background

Melanoma still has considerable mortality in spite of improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, current diagnostic procedures cannot predict precisely its biological behavior, what urges specialists in searching new better biomarkers of lousy prognosis. The objective of the study was to evaluate IMP3 and FOXP3 expression in primary skin melanoma lesions and to correlate with the presence of metastasis.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study analyzed 112 patients diagnosed with Melanoma, from 2003 to 2011, from a public health service. Samples from the primary lesion were analyzed by two pathologists and one dermatologist to ensure histological subtype, Breslow, the presence of ulceration, mitosis and histological regression. From the species stored, FOXP3 and IMP3 immunohistochemistry staining were performed. Demographic, clinical and evolution aspects of the patients were obtained from records, in the year of 2015. It was considered statistically significant when p-value < 0.05.

Results

The majority of specimens had 25% or fewer cells stained with FOXP3 or IMP3. Their positivity could not be related to the occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.947 and p = 0.936, respectively).

Conclusion

There is no evidence of benefit in using IMP3 or FOXP3 as prognostic markers in primary melanomas in our population.
Current topics on prostate and bladder pathology
Authors: Athanazio Daniel Abensur , Souza Vinicius Carrera
Published: October 2018

Background

This review addresses current issues from the daily practice of prostate and bladder diagnostic pathology.

Main text

In the last few years, many recommendations and clarifications were available from 2014 International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus, 2016 World Health Organization blue book and 2017 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System.

Conclusion

We focus here on nine topics which are relevant based on their common appearance in daily practice, clinical relevance and need to improve communication between pathology reports and clinicians.
Ce n'est qu'un au revoir
Authors: Pourquié Olivier
Published: October 2018

Summary: After 9 years as Editor-in-Chief, Olivier Pourquié reviews Development's progress in that time, and considers the current challenges in the scientific publishing world and how the journal can maintain its place at the heart of the community through this changing environment.
Effects of Joint Kinetics on Energy Cost during Repeated Vertical Jumping
Authors: SEKI KEITARO , KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI , NUMAZU NAOKI , OHYAMA-BYUN KEIGO , ENOMOTO YASUSHI
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lower limb joint kinetics on energy cost during jumping.

Methods

Eight male middle and long-distance runners volunteered for the study. The subjects were asked to repeat vertical jumps at a frequency of 2 Hz for 3 min on a force platform in three different surface inclination conditions: Incline (+8°), Level (0°), and Decline (−8°). Sagittal plane kinematics were obtained using a high-speed video camera. Simultaneously, ground reaction forces and EMG of the lower limb muscles were recorded. Energy cost was calculated using steady-state oxygen uptake, respiratory ratio, and vertical distance of the body.

Results

In all conditions, energy cost correlated positively with total mechanical work of the knee joint (r= 0.636,P< 0.01), but negatively with total mechanical work of the ankle joint (r= −0.584,P< 0.01). The muscle–tendon complex length of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were significantly longer in incline than in level and decline. The gastrocnemius muscle showed different activity pattern in decline as compared with the incline and level conditions.

Conclusions

The present study revealed that the ankle and knee joint kinematics and, therefore muscles’ coordination are associated with energy cost during repeated vertical jumping. The lower limb joints contributed different efficiencies to generate the same total mechanical work in repeated vertical jumping on different surface inclinations. Energy cost was smaller when mechanical work was mainly done by ankle joint. Whereas, when the ankle joint did less mechanical work, the knee and/or hip joints compensated for the lack of mechanical work of the ankle joint and energy cost was increased.
Prognostic Performance of Prospective versus Retrospective Electrocardiographic Gating in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Velankar Pradnya , Chaikriangkrai Kongkiat , Dewal Ninad , Bala Sayf Khaleel , Elferjani Belqis , Alchalabi Sama , Chang Su Min
Published: October 2018

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) with prospective electrocardiographic gating reduces radiation exposure, but its prognostic power for predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with suspected CAD has not been fully validated. To determine whether prospective gating performs as well as retrospective gating in this population, we compared these scan modes in patients undergoing 64-slice CCTA.

From January 2009 through September 2011, 1,407 patients underwent CCTA; of these, 915 (mean age, 57.8 ± 13.5 yr; 54% male) had suspected coronary artery disease at the time of CCTA and were included in the study. Prospective gating was used in 195 (21%) and retrospective gating in 720 (79%). The mean follow-up duration was 2.4 ± 0.9 years.

Overall, 390 patients (42.6%) had normal results on CCTA, 382 (41.7%) had nonobstructive coronary artery disease, and 143 (15.6%) had obstructive disease. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 32 patients (3.5%): 11 cardiac deaths, 15 late revascularizations, and 6 nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Total event occurrences were similar in both groups (retrospective, 3.8%; prospective, 2.6%; P=0.42), as were the occurrences of each type of event. On adjusted multivariate analysis, nonobstructive (P=0.015) and obstructive (P <0.001) coronary artery disease were independently associated with major adverse cardiac events. Scan mode was not a predictor of outcome. The mean effective radiation dose was 4 ± 2 mSv for prospective compared with 12 ± 4 mSv for retrospective gating (P <0.01).

The prognostic value of CCTA with prospective electrocardiographic gating compares favorably with that of retrospective gating, and it involves significantly less radiation exposure.
Fontan Failure Secondary to Charcot-Marie-Tooth–Induced Phrenic Neuropathy
Authors: Abdul Temilola Y. , Schneider Andrew E. , Cetta Frank , Driscoll David J.
Published: October 2018

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease comprises a vast array of defects in myelin integrity that causes progressive peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. It is the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy, and it can affect the management of coexisting medical conditions. We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who had undergone successful Fontan surgery during childhood, but her Fontan circulation failed as a result of diaphragmatic paresis caused by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. This diagnosis precluded cardiac transplantation.
Supply Chain Risk Management using Expert Systems
Authors: Soleymani Mehrdokht , Nejad Maryam Oveysi
Published: October 2018

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a new concept in logistic science. SCRM becomes more important because of the increasing global risks in industries. This paper reviews important literature about supply chain risk management using expert systems. To this goal, we should introduce methods of identifying risks and their impacts on the supply chain performance, in qualitative and quantitative manners. In the qualitative methods, questionnaires
are used and the quantitative methods are based on the probability theory and Fuzzy logics, expert systems, especially. The results show that expert systems can identify supply chain risks and therefore they help to leaders decision making process.
A Review: Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Kaur Prabhpreet
Published: October 2018

Neural networks are those information processing systems, which are built and performed to design the human brain. The main objective of the neural network research is to evolve a computational device for representing the brain to perform various evaluating tasks at a faster rate than the traditional systems. Neural networks are latest method of
programming computers. Several programs that utilize neural nets are also proficient Neural networks have appeared in the past few years as an area of different opportunity for research area, development and application to a variety of real world problems because of their rapid feedback and parallel architecture. Artificial neural networks perform various tasks such as pattern-matching and classification, optimization function and data clustering. These tasks are very difficult for traditional for implementation of artificial neural networks, high-speed digital computers are used, which makes the simulation if neural processes feasible. This paper provides a broad overview of the wide array of artificial neural networks, some of the most commonly network architecture and various learning processes currently in use in research. Also concisely describes several applications of it.
Role of Mercerizing Condition on Physical and Dyeing Properties of
Cotton Knit Fabric Dyed with Reactive Dyes
Authors: Brahma Shuvo , Islam Md. Rashedul , Dina Rasheda Begum
Published: October 2018

This work aims on the assessment of mercerizing efficiency as well as the effect of mercerizing condition on physical properties of cotton knit fabric and subsequently the dyeing properties of mercerized textiles. Cotton knit fabrics were mercerized by varying the concentration of caustic soda and the mercerized fabrics were dyed with 3% Reactive dyes by varying dyeing temperature. Mercerizing efficiency was assessed by BAN and physical properties were assessed in terms of moisture regain, tensile strength and brightness of cotton goods. It was found that all the parameters increased with the increase of concentration of NaOH. In terms of color strength and colorfastness properties, it was observed that, with the increment of dyeing time the shade became more prominent with better fastness rating.
Productivity Enhancement: Implementing and Analyzing Clustering
Method in Manufacturing of Gearbox Housing
Authors: Boora Vinit , Singhal Sandeep
Published: October 2018

Productivity is the index of performance with which assets, each human and material, are converted into beneficial services and items. The vital relevance of the present work was to research the elements involved in the development of productiveness in all its types which include capital, material, labor, machine, and general productivity at the
enterprise. This turned into received by means of reducing the manufacturing cost of the component through reduction of its cycle time and increasing the month-to-month production implementing clustering method. The experimentation found out that the usage of proposed methods and improved tooling has increased the monthly production rate by 20% by dint of reduced cycle time. Rejection rate, i.e., defected components has decreased up to 2%. A reduction of 9.7% in part manufacturing cost was recorded. Tooling cost has decreased by way of greater than 10%. Up to 50% saving in inspection cost was reported on account of closer dimensional tolerances and superior finish achieved on manufactured parts. An improvement of 5.25% was claimed in total productivity.
Fatma Aliye Hanım: Gender Debates in Turkey
Authors: Direk Zeynep
Published: October 2018

This essay explores the late nineteenth and early twentieth Century gender debates in the late Ottoman Empire, and the early Republic of Turkey with a focus on Fatma Aliye’s presence in the public space, as the first Ottoman woman philosopher, novelist, and public intellectual. I choose to concentrate on her because of the important stakes of the gender debates of that period, and the ways in which they are echoed in the present can be effectively discussed by reflecting on the ways in which Fatma Aliye is read, presented, and received. In the first part of this paper, I talk about Fatma Aliye’s life and experience of her gender as a woman, and point to her key interests as a writer and philosopher. In the second part, I situate her in the political history of feminism during the Rearrangement Period (Tanzimat), the Second Constitutional Era (II. Meşrutiyet), and the institution of the modern Republic of Turkey. Lastly, in the third part, I discuss the diverse ways in which she is interpreted in contemporary Turkey. I explore the political impact of the reception of Fatma Aliye as an intellectual figure on the current gender debates in Turkey.
ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna
fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)
Authors: Graf Gunhild
Published: October 2018

The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām (“theology”) in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān’s prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights.
Unfertige Studien 4: Skrupelhaftigkeit
Authors: van Ess Josef
Published: October 2018

The topic of this article is the K. al-Makāsib (“A Note on Earnings”), an early theological text, written by al-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857). While several studies on the first part exist, the second part has been largely ignored. Its subject is the concept of waraʿ (“scrupulousness”). The article contains a full translation and a commentary of the second part of the K. al-Makāsib, based on the only preserved manuscript. At the beginning of the text, waraʿ is defined as “to abstain from anything which displeases God.” This is about more than just the avoidance of what is forbidden and the fulfilment of what is commanded. There exist doubtful things (shubuhāt), for which it is unclear whether they fall under the forbidden or not. Piety demands avoidance of them. While religious law relates to human actions only, al-Muḥāsibī insists on the significance of “acting with the heart”. The pious must undertake a soul-searching (muḥāsaba) before taking any action. Many concrete examples of scrupulous behavior are mentioned. One topic is how to earn a living. Some recommend earning it by the work of one’s hands, others prefer begging, and yet others prefer to live off rubbish, or even off herbage alone. Asceticism with its different forms of starvation is discussed. A larger topic is the question of cooperation with a potentially immoral government, and, more narrowly, how to proceed when illegal money is received, particularly in the case of inheritance, or what it means “to help” someone else by committing forbidden acts.
Should phosphatidylethanol be currently analysed using whole blood, dried blood spots or both?
Authors: Nguyen Van Long , Fitzpatrick Michael
Published: October 2018

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) are phospholipids produced through non-oxidative ethanol metabolism. They accumulate in red blood cells and have been traditionally analysed in whole blood as potential biomarkers for moderate to long-term alcohol consumption. More recently, their analysis in dried blood spots has been gaining favour, namely, due to the ease in sampling, transport and storage conditions required. This paper aims at providing a short comparative review between analysing PEth in whole blood and dried blood spots and the potential pitfalls that researchers may face when setting up PEth testing for clinical use.
The multimodal marking of aspect: The case of five periphrastic auxiliary constructions in North American English
Authors: Hinnell Jennifer
Published: October 2018

Cognitive linguistics (CL) has, in recent years, seen an increase in appeals to include multiple modalities in language analyses. While individual studies have incorporated gesture, gaze, facial expression, and prosody, among other modalities, CL has yet to completely embrace the systematic analysis of face-to-face interaction. Here, I present an investigation of five aspect-marking periphrastic constructions in North American English. Using naturalistic interactional data (n=250) from the Red Hen archive, this study establishes a multimodal profile for auxiliary constructions headed by one of five highly aspectualized verbs: continue, keep, start, stop, and quit, as in The jackpot continued to grow and He quit smoking. Results show that gesture timing, the structure of the gesture stroke, and gesture movement type, are variables that iconically and differentially represent distinctive aspectual conceptualizations. This study enhances our understanding of aspectual representation in co-speech gesture and informs the ongoing debate within CL and construction grammar circles of what constitutes conventionalization, or what constitutes a construction (mono- or multimodal).
Time will tell: Temporal landmarks influence metaphorical associations between space and time
Authors: Li Heng , Cao Yu
Published: October 2018

According to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis (TFH), people’s implicit spatial conceptions are shaped by their temporal focus. Whereas previous studies have demonstrated that people’s cultural or individual differences related to certain temporal focus may influence their spatializations of time, we focus on temporal landmarks as potential additional influences on people’s space-time mappings. In Experiment 1, we investigated how personally-related events influence students’ conceptions of time. The results showed that student examinees were more likely to think about time according to the past-in-front mapping, and student registrants, future-in-front mapping. Experiment 2 explored the influence of calendar markers and found that participants tested on the Chinese Spring Festival, a symbol of a fresh start, tended to conceptualize the future as in front of them, while those tested on the Tomb Sweeping Day, an opportunity to remember the ancestors, showed the reversed pattern. In Experiment 3, two scenarios representing past or future landmarks correspondingly were presented to participants. We found that past-focused/future -focused scenarios caused an increase in the rate of past-in-front/future-in-front responses respectively. Taken together, the results from these three studies suggest that people’s conceptions of time may vary according to temporal landmarks, which can be explained by the TFH.
On derivatives of p-adic L-series at s = 0
Authors: Burns David
Published: October 2018

We use techniques of non-commutative Iwasawa theory to investigate the values at zero of higher derivatives of p-adic Artin L-series.
C2 Agility for Emergency Management: Examining the Katrina and Sandy Responses
Authors: Earle Caroline R.
Published: October 2018

The Command and Control (C2) Agility theory developed by experts from the Command and Control Research Program based upon analysis of military operations, posits that a C2 approach is characterized by three dimensions: (1) allocation of decision rights, among entities, (2) patterns of interaction, and (3) distribution of information. An entity’s C2 approach is agile when these three dimensions can be changed as required due to a change in circumstances. The Institute for Defense Analyses has produced a handbook C2 by Design to guide operationalization of the C2 Agility theory. C2 agility becomes salient as complexity increases; and the complex, dynamic nature of disaster response environments suggests the applicability of C2 Agility theory to emergency management. This article builds on early NATO study panel findings that used disaster response case studies to validate C2A theory, and draws on existing case literature to identify what factors influenced C2A during Hurricane Katrina and explore how lessons learned from that response impacted C2A during the subsequent US response to Hurricane Sandy. The analysis uses C2A assessment factors from C2 by Design to examine these cases and recommends how the US government can achieve improved C2A during future responses to complex disasters.
Source identification problems for hyperbolic differential and difference equations
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Emharab Fathi
Published: October 2018

In the present study, a source identification problem for a one-dimensional hyperbolic equation is investigated. Stability estimates for the solution of the source identification problem are established. Furthermore, a first-order-of-accuracy difference scheme for the numerical solution of the source identification problem is presented. Stability estimates for the solution of the difference scheme are established. This difference scheme is tested on an example, and some numerical results are presented.
Crystal structure of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyridazin-3-amine- a rare Z′ = 4 structure, C12H13N3O
Authors: Lou Xin-Hua , Zhou Qing-Li , Liu Wen-Yuan , Hu Xue-Qing
Published: October 2018

C12H13N3O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.2233(9) Å, b = 10.2902(9) Å, c = 24.2253(19) Å, α = 86.607(7)°, β = 88.529(7)°, γ = 62.515(9)°, V = 2256.9(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0425, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1239, T = 291(2) K.
Application of lactic acid derived from food waste on pathogen inactivation in fecal sludge: a review on the alternative use of food waste
Authors: Odey Emmanuel Alepu , Abo Bodjui Olivier , Li Zifu , Zhou Xiaoqin
Published: October 2018

Food waste generation and disposal have led to several environmental problems, especially in developing countries. This phenomenon is partly because most cities rapidly urbanize, which results in population increase, urban settlement and waste generation. Improper management of waste has continued to create environmental problems. These problems have indeed interfered with the inadequate measures in managing other organic waste such as food waste. Food waste can be fermented and used for pathogen inactivation in fecal sludge (FS). The continual decrease in global crop production due to soil erosion, nutrient runoff and loss of organic matter has generated interest in using FS for soil amendment. However, due to the high number of pathogens in FS that are harmful to humans, FS must be treated before being used in agriculture. Thus, given the high amounts of food waste generated globally and the lactic acid potential of fermented food waste, several researchers have recently proposed the use of fermented food waste to suppress pathogens in FS. This review presents the various approaches in pathogen inactivation in FS using different types of food waste. On the basis of the literature review, the major problems associated with the generation, collection and application of food waste in pathogen inactivation in FS are discussed. Moreover, the trends and challenges that concern the applicability of each method are critically reviewed.
Correlations between the active straight leg raise, sleep and somatosensory sensitivity during pregnancy with post-partum lumbopelvic pain: an initial exploration
Authors: Beales Darren John , Gaynor Odette , Harris Jasmine , Fary Robyn , O’Sullivan Peter Bruce , Slater Helen , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Palsson Thorvaldur Skuli
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

For some women, lumbopelvic pain (LPP) developed during pregnancy becomes a continuing post-partum problem. Increased understanding of potential prognostic factors is required. This study investigated whether active straight leg raise (ASLR), sleep dysfunction and pressure pain sensitivity during pregnancy are correlated with LPP intensity and quality, disability, and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) post-partum.

Methods

An exploratory, prospective cohort study design was used. Baseline factors of interest were: (1) ASLR, (2) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and (3) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) collected from pregnant women from sites local and distal to the lumbopelvic area. Follow-up data collected 11–18 months post-partum (n=29) were: (1) pain intensity score (numerical rating scale), (2) pain quality (McGill Pain Questionnaire), (3) disability (Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire), and (4) HRQoL (36-item Short Form Health Survey). Correlation analysis was performed.

Results

Greater difficulty with an ASLR during pregnancy correlated with lower post-partum physical HRQoL scores (r=−0.563, p=0.002). Likewise, reduced PPTs at the sacrum during pregnancy was correlated with a higher post-partum pain quality score (r=−0.384, p=0.040).

Conclusions

In this cohort, findings indicate that poor ASLR performance and localised pressure pain hypersensitivity at the pelvis during pregnancy are correlated with post-partum physical HRQoL and pain quality, respectively.

Implications

Pain sensitivity may contribute to the prognosis of women with LPP during pregnancy. These explorative findings may be important for designing larger prognostic studies and may assist in directing potential pain management in post-partum LPP.
Regression discontinuity designs with unknown state-dependent discontinuity points: estimation and testing
Authors: Yang Lixiong
Published: October 2018

This paper extends Regression discontinuity designs with unknown discontinuity points developed by (Porter, J., and P. Yu. 2015. “Regression Discontinuity Designs with Unknown Discontinuity Points: Testing and Estimation.” Journal of Econometrics 189: 132–147.) to allow for state-dependent discontinuity points. We discuss the estimation of the model, and propose test statistics for treatment effect and state dependency in the discontinuity points. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to compare the proposed estimator with these based on the constant discontinuity RDD and the classic fuzzy RDD, and find that overlooking the state dependency can lead to biased estimates of treatment effects, while the proposed estimator works well and is robust when applied to constant discontinuity RDDs. Monte Carlo experiments also point out that the sizes and powers of the proposed test statistics are generally satisfactory. The model is illustrated with an empirical application.
Entscheidung für das, was ohnehin ist
Authors: Gruber Alex
Published: October 2018

Jacques Derrida beschäftigte sich zeitlebens mit den Fragenstellungen politischer Theologie, wie nicht nur anhand seiner späten Monographie zu Carl Schmitt ersichtlich wird. Auch in seinen stärker unmittelbar politischen Ausführungen spielen diese Überlegungen eine zentrale Rolle. Der Aufsatz stellt die Schmitt-Rezeption und -Kritik Jacques Derridas dar, und wie sich diese Auseinandersetzung im Gerechtigkeitsbegriff niederschlägt, der für das Spätwerk dieselbe Bedeutung erlangt wie die différance für die Frühphase. Die Grundthese dabei lautet, dass die explizite Hinwendung zu Carl Schmitt der theoretischen Konstruktion Derridas und ihren Widersprüchen geschuldet ist, wie sie zugleich jene mythischen Lösungsversuche zeitigte, von denen nicht zuletzt der Gerechtigkeitsbegriff Auskunft gibt.
Ohne Form kein Inhalt
Authors: Breuning Felix
Published: October 2018

Der Artikel argumentiert, dass Mouffe und Laclau in ihrer Neubestimmung des Marxismus als Diskurstheorie den Begriff des bürgerlichen Staates vernachlässigen und ihre politische Theorie daher problematische staatstheoretische Annahmen aufweist. Ausgehend von ihren Anknüpfungspunkten bei Eduard Bernstein kritisiert er ihre einseitige Deutung der Französischen Revolution, ihren mangelnden Begriff der politischen Form bürgerlicher Staaten sowie ihre Abkehr von der Gesellschaftstheorie. Diese theoretischen Entscheidungen begrenzen die konkreten Analysen von an sie anschließenden Theoretiker_innen auf abstrakte Reflektionen oder bloße Diskursanalysen. Bezüglich der politischen Strategie führt der postmarxistische Umgang mit dem Staatsbegriff in eine instrumentelle Staatsvorstellung zurück und erschwert eine Kritik des Nationalismus.
The Graetz Problem for the Ellis Fluid Model
Authors: Ali N. , Khan M.W.S.
Published: October 2018

The determination of temperature and auxiliary quantities such as local and average Nusselt numbers for thermally developing flow is referred as the Graetz problem. In the classical Graetz problem, the fluid entering the tube or channel is Newtonian in nature. Here, an extension of the classical Graetz problem is presented by assuming that the fluid entering the tube or channel obeys the Ellis constitutive equation. The energy equation for the considered problem is solved using the separation of variables technique supplemented with the MATLAB routine bvp4c for computation of the eigenvalues and numerical solution of the associated Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem. The problem is solved for two types of thermal boundary conditions, namely, uniform surface temperature and uniform surface heat flux for both flat and circular geometries. Expressions for bulk mean temperature and local and average Nusselt numbers are presented and discussed through tables and graphs.
Three Positivist Disputes in the 1960s
Authors: Heidegren Carl-Göran
Published: October 2018

The West German positivist dispute in the 1960s is well known and thoroughly studied. At about the same time positivist disputes also took place in two Scandinavian countries: one in Norway and one in Sweden. What did the front lines in the debate look like in the three countries? What was the outcome of the different disputes? The main focus in the article is on the Swedish case, but some comparative perspectives relating to the three disputes will also be presented. The Swedish positivist dispute originated with Gerard Radnitzky’s doctoral dissertation in theory of science, defended at the University of Gothenburg in May 1968, Contemporary Schools of Metascience (2 volumes). The dissertation caused a stir of controversy. It meant a challenge to the Swedish philsophical establishment because it leaned heavily on continental philosophers such as Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, who at the time were more or less unknown in Sweden. The controversy was continuated in the following years, most notably in the leftist journal Häften för kritiska studier (Notebooks for Critical Studies).
Cross-Domain Assessment of Distress Intolerance: Associations With Borderline Personality Disorder Features
Authors: Conway Christopher C. , Penrod Molly T. , Pugsley Genevieve M. , Larrazabal Maria A. , Snyder Casey E.
Published: October 2018

Distress tolerance (DT) is central to major etiological theories of, and popular treatments for, borderline personality disorder (PD), but empirical evidence for the connection between DT and borderline PD is inconclusive. Such inconsistency is partly due to limited concordance across DT indices from different measurement domains (e.g., behavioral, physiological). In a student sample (N = 267), we assessed subjective perceptions of DT capabilities, task performance on a distressing laboratory challenge, and borderline pathology. Subjective and behavioral indices of DT were largely unrelated. Further, borderline PD features were moderately associated with self-perceived DT (r = –.53); in contrast, they were weakly related to performance on the DT task (r = –.09). We conclude that there is mixed evidence for an association between borderline pathology and DT. Further, we propose a systematic approach to examining the construct validity of DT in multimethod, multimeasure research that might resolve the equivocal results from prior work.
A Comparison of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI)-Triarchic Scales and the YPI in a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth
Authors: Ruchensky Jared R. , Edens John F. , Donnellan M. Brent , Hawes Samuel W. , Mulvey Edward P.
Published: October 2018

The Triarchic model (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) posits that psychopathy consists of three elements: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. Drislane et al. (2015) recently derived scales from the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed, Kerr, Stattin, & Levander, 2002) to assess these traits. The initial validation efforts appeared promising, but researchers have yet to evaluate these scales among justice-involved youth. The current study examines the validity of the YPI-Triarchic scales in an archival sample of 928 male adolescent offenders and tests whether the new scales provide information incremental to the original YPI. The YPI-Triarchic scales were strongly correlated with original YPI scales (rs = .56–.96), and some associations were contrary to predictions and previous findings about the Triarchic model (e.g., YPI-Boldness was not inversely related to symptomatology). Thus, caution is warranted when attempting to study the Triarchic model with the YPI-Triarchic scales.
Evaluation of the WRF-UCM mesoscale model and ECMWF global operational forecasts over the Paris region in the prospect of tracer atmospheric transport modeling
Authors: Lian Jinghui , Wu Lin , Bréon François-Marie , Broquet Grégoire , Vautard Robert , Zaccheo T. Scott , Dobler Jeremy , Ciais Philippe
Published: October 2018

The quantification of CO2 emissions from cities using atmospheric measurements requires accurate knowledge of the atmospheric transport. Complex urban terrains significantly modify surface roughness, augment surface energy budgets, and create heat islands, all of which lead to lower horizontal winds and enhanced convection over urban areas. The question remains whether these processes should be included in atmospheric transport models that are used for city scale CO2 inversion, and whether they need to be tailored on a city basis. In this study, we use the WRF model over Paris to address the following research question: does WRF runs at a 3 km resolution, including urban effects and the assimilation of local weather data, perform better than ECMWF forecasts that give fields at 16 km resolution? The analysis of model performances focuses on three variables: air temperature, wind and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. The results show that the use of objective analysis and nudging tools are required to obtain good agreements between WRF simulated fields with observations. Surface temperature is well reproduced by both WRF and ECMWF forecasts, with correlation coefficients with hourly observations larger than 0.92 and MBEs within 1°C over one month. Wind speed correlations with hourly observations are similar for WRF (range 0.76~0.85 across stations) and ECMWF (0.79~0.84), but the associated RMSEs and MBEs are better for ECMWF. Conversely, WRF outperforms ECMWF forecasts for its description of wind direction, horizontal and vertical gradients. Sensitivity tests with different WRF physics schemes show that the wind speed and the PBL height are strongly influenced by PBL schemes. The marginal advantage of WRF over ECMWF for the desired application is sufficient to motive additional testing with prescribed CO2 flux maps for comparing modeled CO2 concentrations with available observations in an urban environment.
Disease- and treatment-associated acquired glucocorticoid resistance
Authors: Wilkinson Legh , Verhoog Nicolette J D , Louw Ann
Published: October 2018

The development of resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) in therapeutic regimens poses a major threat. Generally, GC resistance is congenital or acquired over time as a result of disease progression, prolonged GC treatment or, in some cases, both. Essentially, disruptions in the function and/or pool of the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) underlie this resistance. Many studies have detailed how alterations in GRα function lead to diminished GC sensitivity; however, the current review highlights the wealth of data concerning reductions in the GRα pool, mediated by disease-associated and treatment-associated effects, which contribute to a significant decrease in GC sensitivity. Additionally, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in driving reductions in the GRα pool is discussed. After highlighting the importance of maintaining the level of the GRα pool to combat GC resistance, we present current strategies and argue that future strategies to prevent GC resistance should involve biased ligands with a predisposition for reduced GR dimerization, a strategy originally proposed as the SEMOGRAM–SEDIGRAM concept to reduce the side-effect profile of GCs.
Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer leads to PSMA suppression
Authors: Bakht Martin K , Derecichei Iulian , Li Yinan , Ferraiuolo Rosa-Maria , Dunning Mark , Oh So Won , Hussein Abdulkadir , Youn Hyewon , Stringer Keith F , Jeong Chang Wook , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kwak Cheol , Kang Keon Wook , Lamb Alastair D , Wang Yuzhuo , Dong Xuesen , Porter Lisa A
Published: October 2018

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in most prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPC) cells and acts as a target for molecular imaging. However, some case reports indicate that PSMA-targeted imaging could be ineffectual for delineation of neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (NEPC) lesions due to the suppression of the PSMA gene (FOLH1). These same reports suggest that targeting somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) could be an alternative diagnostic target for NEPC patients. This study evaluates the correlation between expression ofFOLH1, NEPC marker genes andSSTR2. We evaluated the transcript abundance forFOLH1andSSTR2genes as well as NE markers across 909 tumors. A significant suppression ofFOLH1in NEPC patient samples and AdPC samples with high expression of NE marker genes was observed. We also investigated protein alterations of PSMA and SSTR2 in an NE-induced cell line derived by hormone depletion and lineage plasticity by loss of p53. PSMA is suppressed following NE induction and cellular plasticity in p53-deficient NEPC model. The PSMA-suppressed cells have more colony formation ability and resistance to enzalutamide treatment. Conversely, SSTR2 was only elevated following hormone depletion. In 18 NEPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models we find a significant suppression ofFOLH1and amplification ofSSTR2expression. Due to the observedFOLH1-supressed signature of NEPC, this study cautions on the reliability of using PMSA as a target for molecular imaging of NEPC. The observed elevation ofSSTR2in NEPC supports the possible ability of SSTR2-targeted imaging for follow-up imaging of low PSMA patients and monitoring for NEPC development.