bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VII. Essay on the Philosophy of the Hindus. Part II
Authors: Colebrooke Henry Thomas
Published: July 2016

In the preceding essay, the Sánc'hya, theistical as well as atheistical, was examined. The. subject of the present essay, will be the dialectic philosophy of Gótama, and atomical of Canáde, respectively called Nyáya “ reasoning, ” and Vaiśéshica “particular.” The first, as its- title implies, is chiefly occupied with the metaphysics of logic; the second with physics: that is, with “particulars” or sensible objects: and hence its name. They may be taken generally, as parts of one system: supplying each other's deficiencies: commonly agreeing upon such points as are treated by both: yet on some differing; and therefore giving origin to two schools, the Naiyáyica, and Vaiśéshica.
XII. Comments on an Inscription upon Marble, at Madhucarghar; and three Grants Inscribed on Copper, found at Ujjayani
Authors: Tod James
Published: July 2016

I have the honour to present to the Society, three copper-plates, and to submit translations of the inscriptions on two of them. They were obtained by me from the ancient city of Avantí, or Ujain ( Ujjayani), about twelve years ago.
XV. A short Account of the Sauds
Authors: Trant William Henry
Published: July 2016

In March 1816, I went with two other gentlemen from Fatahghar, on the invitation of the principal persons of the Saud sect, to witness an assemblage of them, for the purpose of religious worship, in the city of Farrukhábád, the general meeting of the sect for that year being there.
Description of the Temple of Párśwanát'ha, at Samét Síkhar
Authors: Francklin William
Published: July 2016

At the foot of Párśwanát'hás mountain (Samét Sikhar), on the Ramghur frontier, and one hundred and thirty-six miles south of Bhágalpur, are situated the temples dedicated to Párśwanát'há Iswara (the twenty-third deified saint of the Jains), and constituting one of the principal places of the Jain worship in Hindust'han. They consist of large square brick buildings painted white, with a dome in the centre, and four smaller domes at the four corners. The centre dome is crowned with a gilded spire, like the Piathas of the Buddhaic temples of Ava, as described by Colonel Symes.
XXIX. On the Srawacs or Jains
Authors: Hamilton Buchanan
Published: July 2016

In the districts of Bihár and Patna the Jains are called Sráwacs. The number of this sect settled there is not great, amounting only to three hundred and fifty families; but they possess considerable wealth, having all engaged in trade, and many of them with success. They have, therefore, seventeen priests (yatís); fifteen of whom constantly reside at Patna, and two at Bihár. With the two latter I had several interviews, and they were abundantly communicative, the chief of them being a man of considerable learning. At Patna they declined all intercourse with me; which, I am told, proceeded from their being very shallow, and afraid of exposing their ignorance. A Saryuriya-Bráhman, of the sect of Vishnu, named Góvinda, was brought to me at Patna, as the only person there able and willing to give me information relative to the Sráwacs. He said that he had been employed to instruct some of the Yatis in the Sanscrit language, which gave him an opportunity of reading their books and knowing their customs. Finding the employment profitable, he was, I believe, a principal means of keeping the Yatis at a distance from me: he was, however, abundantly diligent in procuring information. In travelling through the district I had also an opportunity of conversing with a great many pilgrims, who had come from Bundelkhund, and were visiting the holy places at Gaya, &c. From these sources I collected some information respecting this sect, which I now offer, in addition to that which I have given in my account of Mysore.
XXIV. Remarks on the Religious and Social Institutions of the Bouteas, or Inhabitants of Boutan
Authors: Davis Samuel
Published: July 2016

Many principles and forms of the religion of the Lamas are evidently borrowed from that of the Hindoos. They have similar ceremonies performed on the banks of rivers, and the Ganges is held in equal veneration, A little of its water is a most valuable acquisition to one of their faquires or pilgrims, who carries it in a small brass or silver bottle, carefully corked, and tied to his girdle. Their supreme deity, called indiscriminately by the name Sijamony, Mahamony, and Sejatoba, is said to have been brought many ages ago by one of the superior Lamas from Benares, and others of them must have been of foreign extraction; for although plainly drawn and carved as females, the priests will not allow them of that sex; and often, as they think, decide the distinction with a pair of whiskers, when the turn of the features and swell of the bosom shew whiskers to be misapplied.
XXV. Observations on the Oriental Origin of the Romnichal, or Tribe miscalled Gypsey and Bohemian
Authors: Harriot John Staples
Published: July 2016

During my residence in North Hampshire, in the years 1819–20, I was led to pay considerable attention to a race of vagrant men, who, roaming about the high roads and lanes in the vicinity of Waltham, Overton, and Whitchurch, appear almost to be out of the protection of the law (whether in this or any other country), and are known throughout the world under the varied names—
V.—Notices of China
Authors: Serra Padre
Published: July 2016

In China the Imperial dignity is not the certain inheritance of the Prince next in succession, but of him whom the deceased Monarch may have left named in a note, which is deposited in a casket: the reigning Prince having the power of preferring not only the younger sons to the eldest (though this should be the son of the Empress and those the children of concubines), but also his grandsons. Women have but little influence on this nomination in the present dynasty, but in some of the former they have exercised it so far as to promote a concubine to the dignity of Empress Mother, obliging the latter to abdication, or imprisonment.
IX.—A Dissertation on White Elephants
Authors: Low James
Published: July 2016

The existence of perfectly white elephants has been called in question by many; and it was long supposed that the kings of Siam imposed on the credulity of foreigners, and that the light colour of the elephant was artificial. No doubt can now remain respecting the existence of this deviation from the common course of nature. In the stables of the king of Siam there are elephants, the colour of which, although not pure white, is yet sufficiently light-coloured to admit of the appellation they have received being with propriety bestowed upon them. Strangers at Siam are taken to see these elephants, and no mystery is made respecting them.
II. Account of an Avenue of Sphinxes
Authors: Rainier P.
Published: July 2016

At our last meeting, a visitor having casually alluded to the discovery by Captain P. Rainier, of the Royal Navy, of an avenue of Sphinxes (or Sphinges) at Ben-i-Hassan in Egypt, which has not been noticed by any traveller bitherto, I have the pleasure to lay before the Society a letter from Captain Rainier, giving a description of them, as well as of the excavated temples at Ben-i-Hassan.
XVI. An Account of the Island and Bridge of Sivasamudram in the Cáverí River
Authors: Múdeliar Rámaswámí
Published: July 2016

The materials for the following account of the island of Sivasamudram, together with the description and plans of the bridges which have been built, and are now building across the two branches of the Cáverí, were furnished to me by Rámaswámí Múdeliar, the intelligent and wealthy Jághírdár of the island. As regards the antiquities of this celebrated place, I regret the imperfection of the memoir; but I am willing to hope that it will not be considered wholly destitute of merit. By the curious in architecture, the faithful representation of the bridges, and the plain description of the manner in which they are constructed, will be valued; while, to the observer of the human mind, and the speculator upon the progress of improvement in India, it must be an object of interest to mark the modes of thought and feeling entertained by a Hindu, who, in strict accordance with the precepts of his religion, undertakes a great public work, which would do honour to the professor of any religion, and to the citizen of any country, in any age.
XVII. Remarks on some Inscriptions found in Lycia and Phrygia
Authors: Grotefend G. F.
Published: July 2016

From the little information in our possession concerning the Lycian and Phrygian language and character, it was very gratifying to find some light thrown on the subject by the discovery of certain inscriptions, for which we are indebted to Messrs. Cockerell, Carlyle, and Colonel Leake; and fac-similes of which have been published by Mr. Robert walpole. The valuable information which these inscriptions promised to afford for the illustration of the Archæology of Asia Minor, induced the French scholars, MM. Letronne and Saint-Martin, to republish them in the Journal des Savans, and to add many new observations upon them to those previously recorded by Mr. Walpole. Notwithstanding, however, the numerous explanations given by these scholars of these inscriptions, which Mr. Walpole thought it impossible to decypher, and how far soever the perplexities of them may have been overcome, especially by M. Saint-Martin, still there are many particulars which will allow of different views being entertained; and so far, therefore, it may not be altogether superfluous to submit the whole to a new and careful investigation.
XX. Description of a Játrá, or Fair, which takes place annually at the Hot Wells, about fifty miles in a South-Easterly direction from Súrat
Authors: White
Published: July 2016

Curiosity to be a spectator of the celebration of a religious ceremony, which was reported to draw together annually from 100,000 to 200,000 persons, led me to the resolution of visiting the Hot Wells, situated at the foot of the hills, about fifty miles in. a south-easterly direction from this city.
XXI.—An Account of the Sheep-Eater of Hindústán
Authors: Hardwicke
Published: July 2016

The communication which Major-General Hardwicke has the honour to lay before the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, though not describing an occurrence of recent date, he trusts may yet be found sufficiently interesting to claim a place in the Transactions of the Society. General Hardwicke has frequently heard the subject mentioned of late, but has found very few persons who were inclined to attach credit to it, owing to its remarkable deviation from the usual course of nature; and having himself not only seen the man designated “ the Sheep-eater,” and witnessed an exhibition of his carnivorous habits, but made notes and drawings in elucidation of the facts as displayed in the presence of many officers of the military station of Futtehgurh and the native inhabitants of the surrounding villages., on the 3d of March 1796; he now proceeds to subjoin the substance of his memorandums, in explanation of the accompanying plate.
XXIV.—An Account of the great Historical Work of the African Philosopher Ibn Khaldún
Authors: de Hemsö Jacob Gräberg
Published: July 2016

Few nations, either ancient or modern, have surpassed the Amazirgs, or lineal descendants of the primitive inhabitants of northern Africa, in power to produce a more ingenious and contemplative writer than the one now before us. And yet this writer, equally profound as an historian and as a statesman, has hitherto been so little known in Europe, that the majority of our Arabic scholars have but very confused notions of his scientific and literary merits, and to many, even his name is almost unknown. In the East, and in Africa, however, the great historical work he has composed, has given him a celebrity which no lapse of time, nor any vicissitude of events, will ever impair or lessen.
XXV.—Description of the Wild Dog of the Western Gháts
Authors: Sykes W. H.
Published: July 2016

The very limited accounts of the varieties of the Wild Dog to be met with in Shaw's Zoology, in Blumenbach's admirable Manual of Natural History, and in the splendid edition of Cuvier's Règne Animal, now publishing in England, in Rees's Cyclopædia, and in one or two other works within my reach, lead me to believe that the accompanying drawing and description of the Wild Dog of the Western Ghats may prove acceptable to the Society.
XXVI.—Colonel Vans Kennedy on the Védánta System
Authors: Kennedy Vans
Published: July 2016

The Council of the Royal Asiatic Society, fully coinciding with the sentiments expressed by its Secretary at the General Meeting held on the 2d of March, has accordingly ordered that the substance of the remarks made by Mr. Haughton should, in justice to Mr. Colebrooke, be printed with Colonel Vans Kennedy's paper, as follows:—

Substance of Mr. (now Sir Graves C.) Haughton's Remarks.
XXXV. Some Account of the Kolísurra Silk-Worm of the Deccan
Authors: Sykes William Henry
Published: July 2016

In my late researches in that part of the Deccan lying between the sources and junction of the Bíma and Mota Mola rivers, I met with the cocoons of the silk-worm which is called Kolísurra by the Mahrattas. The insect is an object of interest to the manufacturer from the strength of the fibre in the silk it produces.
Unsteady flows induced by a point source or sink in a fluid of finite depth
Authors: STOKES T. E. , HOCKING G. C. , FORBES L. K.
Published: July 2016

The time-varying flow in which fluid is withdrawn from or added to a reservoir of infinite or arbitrary finite depth through a point sink or source of variable strength beneath a free surface is considered. Backed up by some analytic work, a numerical method is used, and the results are compared with previous work on steady and unsteady flows. In the case of withdrawal for an impulsively started flow, it is found that the critical flow rate increases with reservoir depth, although it changes little as the depth increases beyond double the sink submergence depth. The largest flow rate at which steady solutions can evolve in source flows follows a similar pattern although at a considerably higher value. Simulations indicate that some of the previously calculated steady state solutions at higher flow rates may be unstable, if they exist at all.
Experiences of security and continuity of care: Patients' and families' narratives about the work of specialized palliative home care teams
Authors: Klarare Anna , Rasmussen Birgit H , Fossum Bjöörn , Fürst Carl Johan , Hansson Johan , Hagelin Carina Lundh
Published: July 2016

Background:

Those who are seriously ill and facing death are often living with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual suffering. Teamwork is considered to be necessary to holistically meet the diverse needs of patients in palliative care. Reviews of studies regarding palliative care team outcomes have concluded that teams provide benefits, especially regarding pain and symptom management. Much of the research concerning palliative care teams has been performed from the perspective of the service providers and has less often focused on patients' and families' experiences of care.

Objective:

Our aim was to investigate how the team's work is manifested in care episodes narrated by patients and families in specialized palliative home care (SPHC).

Method:

A total of 13 interviews were conducted with patients and families receiving specialized home care. Six patients and seven family members were recruited through SPHC team leaders. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and the transcripts qualitatively analyzed into themes.

Results:

Two themes were constructed through thematic analysis: (1) security (“They are always available,” “I get the help I need quickly”); and (2) continuity of care (“They know me/us, our whole situation and they really care”). Of the 74 care episodes, 50 were descriptions of regularly scheduled visits, while 24 related to acute care visits and/or interventions.

Significance of results:

Patients' and family members' descriptions of the work of SPHC teams are conceptualized through experiences of security and continuity of care. Experiences of security are fostered through the 24/7 availability of the team, sensitivity and flexibility in meeting patients' and families' needs, and practical adjustments to enable care at home. Experiences of continuity of care are fostered through the team's collective approach, where the individual team member knows the patients and family members, including their whole situation, and cares about the little things in life as well as caring for the family unit.
On the Methods Pursued in Valuing the Risks of Life Assurance Companies
Authors: C. J.
Published: July 2016

I propose to bring under your consideration this evening, the investigation of a question which has been a good deal discussed from time to time; and which, I observe, is attracting some notice at the present day. It is one of some interest and importance to persons engaged in our pursuits, and I therefore trust that the endeavour to throw a little more light upon it will not be altogether unacceptable.

The question I allude to has reference to the mode of valuing the risks of a Life Assurance company. The actuaries, with some exceptions, of what I may, perhaps, without impropriety call the old school, contending that the same elements should be used in valuing as those upon which the Table of Premiums is constructed. So that, for instance, an office charging premiums deduced from the Northampton Table, should, according to their view, make its valuations in accordance with the data from which those premiums are deduced; whilst some of the more modern practitioners advocate the using, in these valuations, tables based upon what may be considered—as far as our present knowledge goes—a true rate of mortality, and a true rate of interest.
On the Methods Pursued in Valuing the Risks of Life Assurance Companies and on The Division of Surplus
Authors: C. J.
Published: July 2016

In a Paper read a short time ago before the Institute, I endeavoured to show the inexpediency of using, for the purposes of valuation, Tables constructed on the principle which characterises the Northampton Table. I did not intend to pursue this particular branch of the subject further ; but, finding that more difference of opinion exists in reference to it than I was aware of, and considering that the practice of making valuations by the Northampton Table, and by Tables framed upon similar principles, is still carried on to a great extent, I am led to offer a few more observations upon the matter previously to entering upon the consideration of some other questions, the correct solution of which materially depends upon a right understanding of this one.
On Methods of Approximation
Authors: Hardy Peter
Published: July 2016

To discover in the doctrine of life contingencies, convenient, and at the same time nearly true approximations, to be employed in determining the values of Survivorships, instead of the long and complex formulæ at present required for their solution, is an inquiry of no small importance to the practical actuary, more especially when it is remembered, that, even if the exact formulæ be employed, the results will in the greater number of cases be themselves mere approximations, in consequence of the defective nature of some of the elementary values employed in the solution
On the true Measure of the Probabilities of Survivorship between two Lives
Authors: Gray Peter
Published: July 2016

A good deal of misconception prevails, on the part of many interested in the science of life contingencies, in regard to the expressions usually assigned as the measures of the probabilities of the different orders of survivorship among two or more lives. It seems to be supposed that these expressions are little better than rude approximations, adopted from convenience or necessity, depending on no definite principles, and consequently giving results but little entitled to confidence. It appears to me that these notions are attributable, in no small degree, to the manner in which the expressions in question have been spoken of by the writers, Messrs. Morgan and Baily, by whom they were first deduced.
Sketch of the recent Progress of the Assurance of Life and Property on the Continent
Authors: Brown Samuel
Published: July 2016

In laying before the members of the Institute of Actuaries this hasty sketch of the Progress of the Assurance of Life and Property on the Continent, I beg to offer a few words of explanation on what induced me to attempt it.

Understanding that several actuaries and managers of Foreign Assurance Companies were likely to be in England at this time, without any general acquaintance with, or means of introduction to, those who are engaged in similar pursuits and studies in this country, the council of the Institute were led to propose a general meeting and conference, and to offer to them the hospitality and attentions which all classes and professions are vying with each other in paying to our distinguished foreign visitors.
On the Inequitable Operation of the Property and Income Tax Enactment as regards Life and other Interests; and on the Principles by which Direct Taxation should be regulated
Authors: Jellicoe Charles
Published: July 2016

The mode in which the Property and Income Tax of this country is levied, has created so much dissatisfaction, and is so universally acknowledged to be inequitable, that I am induced to call the attention of the Members of this Institute to the subject, with a view to arrive at some elucidation of the principles upon which direct taxation should be based: being satisfied that there is no tribunal before which the consideration of such a matter could be more properly brought, or where its peculiar features could be more thoroughly and efficiently investigated.
On the Conditions which give rise to Surplus in Life Assurance Companies, and on the Amount of the Return, or “Bonus” which such Conditions justify
Authors: Jellicoe Charles
Published: July 2016

To trace the succession of events which have given rise to the duplex system of assurance in this country, known as the Participating, and Non-participating, would not be altogether uninteresting or unprofitable. There is little doubt, that the immoderate premiums required at the outset by the few who were disposed to embark in the then novel speculation of life assurance, suggested the idea of mutual association, as a means of achieving the same objects on more advantageous terms; and thus the participating system owed, to a certain extent, its origin to the non-participating. But a few years' experience soon sufficed to demonstrate to the keen eye of competition, that the payments required under the new arrangements were unnecessarily high; and that, after a large reduction in them, they might be acted upon, not only with safety, but with a considerable profit to boot.
Family Dysfunction and Suicide Risk in a Community Corrections Sample
Authors: Clark C. Brendan , Li Ye , Cropsey Karen L.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Background: When comparted with the general population, the suicide rate in correctional populations is elevated. While predictors of suicide are well researched in jail and prison populations, much less work has been done to examine predictors of suicide in community corrections samples where 80% of the US correctional population is currently supervised. Aims: The goal of this study was to determine factors associated with suicide risk in a community corrections sample. Method: Self-reported current ideation was examined in a sample of 512 individuals under supervision. Results: When univariate associations between current suicidal ideation and predictor variables were examined, current suicidal ideation was associated with being female, being White, reporting an increased level of stress, reporting an increased level of depression, meeting criteria for an anxiety disorder, an increased number of physical health complaints, and self-report of family dysfunction. In a multivariate analysis predicting suicide risk, only meeting criteria for an anxiety disorder, an increased number of physical health complaints, and self-report of family dysfunction were significant. Conclusion: Mental and physical health complaints as well as self-report of family dysfunction are salient predictors of suicide risk in the community corrections population.
Phenotypes on demand via switchable target protein degradation in multicellular organisms
Authors: Faden Frederik , Ramezani Thomas , Mielke Stefan , Almudi Isabel , Nairz Knud , Froehlich Marceli S. , Höckendorff Jörg , Brandt Wolfgang , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Dohmen R. Jürgen , Schnittger Arp , Dissmeyer Nico
Published: July 2016

Phenotypes on-demand generated by controlling activation and accumulation of proteins of interest are invaluable tools to analyse and engineer biological processes. While temperature-sensitive alleles are frequently used as conditional mutants in microorganisms, they are usually difficult to identify in multicellular species. Here we present a versatile and transferable, genetically stable system based on a low-temperature-controlled N-terminal degradation signal (lt-degron) that allows reversible and switch-like tuning of protein levels under physiological conditions in vivo. Thereby, developmental effects can be triggered and phenotypes on demand generated. The lt-degron was established to produce conditional and cell-type-specific phenotypes and is generally applicable in a wide range of organisms, from eukaryotic microorganisms to plants and poikilothermic animals. We have successfully applied this system to control the abundance and function of transcription factors and different enzymes by tunable protein accumulation.
Genetic lineage tracing defines myofibroblast origin and function in the injured heart
Authors: Kanisicak Onur , Khalil Hadi , Ivey Malina J. , Karch Jason , Maliken Bryan D. , Correll Robert N. , Brody Matthew J. , J. Lin Suh-Chin , Aronow Bruce J. , Tallquist Michelle D. , Molkentin Jeffery D.
Published: July 2016

Cardiac fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts with injury to mediate healing after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to mediate long-standing fibrosis with chronic disease. Myofibroblasts remain a poorly defined cell type in terms of their origins and functional effects in vivo. Here we generate Postn (periostin) gene-targeted mice containing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre for cellular lineage-tracing analysis. This Postn allele identifies essentially all myofibroblasts within the heart and multiple other tissues. Lineage tracing with four additional Cre-expressing mouse lines shows that periostin-expressing myofibroblasts in the heart derive from tissue-resident fibroblasts of the Tcf21 lineage, but not endothelial, immune/myeloid or smooth muscle cells. Deletion of periostin+ myofibroblasts reduces collagen production and scar formation after MI. Periostin-traced myofibroblasts also revert back to a less-activated state upon injury resolution. Our results define the myofibroblast as a periostin-expressing cell type necessary for adaptive healing and fibrosis in the heart, which arises from Tcf21+ tissue-resident fibroblasts.
Tracking the spatiotemporal variations of statistically independent components involving enrichment of rare-earth elements in deep-sea sediments
Authors: Yasukawa Kazutaka , Nakamura Kentaro , Fujinaga Koichiro , Iwamori Hikaru , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: July 2016

Deep-sea sediments have attracted much attention as a promising resource for rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY). In this study, we show statistically independent components characterising REY-enrichment in the abyssal ocean that are decoded by Independent Component Analysis of a multi-elemental dataset of 3,968 bulk sediment samples from 101 sites in the Pacific and Indian oceans. This study for the first time reconstructs the spatiotemporal variations of the geochemical signatures, including hydrothermal, hydrogenous and biogenic calcium phosphate components that were closely involved in the formation of REY-rich mud over the past 65 million years. An underlying key factor of significant REY-enrichment is a sufficiently low sedimentation rate that enables the mud to accumulate REY from seawater. In the early Cenozoic, a remarkably small supply of aeolian dust, compared with any other time and region, facilitated the deposition of very high-grade REY-rich mud in the South Pacific. This indicates an important link between the genesis of the seafloor mineral resources and Earth’s dynamic phenomena such as climate change and plate tectonics.
Cdk5 Modulates Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Motor Learning in Dorsolateral Striatum
Authors: Hernandez Adan , Tan Chunfeng , Mettlach Gabriel , Pozo Karine , Plattner Florian , Bibb James A.
Published: July 2016

The striatum controls multiple cognitive aspects including motivation, reward perception, decision-making and motor planning. In particular, the dorsolateral striatum contributes to motor learning. Here we define an approach for investigating synaptic plasticity in mouse dorsolateral cortico-striatal circuitry and interrogate the relative contributions of neurotransmitter receptors and intracellular signaling components. Consistent with previous studies, we show that long-term potentiation (LTP) in cortico-striatal circuitry is facilitated by dopamine, and requires activation of D1-dopamine receptors, as well as NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and their calcium-dependent downstream effectors, including CaMKII. Moreover, we assessed the contribution of the protein kinase Cdk5, a key neuronal signaling molecule, in cortico-striatal LTP. Pharmacological Cdk5 inhibition, brain-wide Cdk5 conditional knockout, or viral-mediated dorsolateral striatal-specific loss of Cdk5 all impaired dopamine-facilitated LTP or D1-dopamine receptor-facilitated LTP. Selective loss of Cdk5 in dorsolateral striatum increased locomotor activity and attenuated motor learning. Taken together, we report an approach for studying synaptic plasticity in mouse dorsolateral striatum and critically implicate D1-dopamine receptor, NMDAR, Cdk5, and CaMKII in cortico-striatal plasticity. Furthermore, we associate striatal plasticity deficits with effects upon behaviors mediated by this circuitry. This approach should prove useful for the study of the molecular basis of plasticity in the dorsolateral striatum.
Experimental multistable states for small network of coupled pendula
Authors: Dudkowski Dawid , Grabski Juliusz , Wojewoda Jerzy , Perlikowski Przemyslaw , Maistrenko Yuri , Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: July 2016

Chimera states are dynamical patterns emerging in populations of coupled identical oscillators where different groups of oscillators exhibit coexisting synchronous and incoherent behaviors despite homogeneous coupling. Although these states are typically observed in the large ensembles of oscillators, recently it has been shown that so-called weak chimera states may occur in the systems with small numbers of oscillators. Here, we show that similar multistable states demonstrating partial frequency synchronization, can be observed in simple experiments with identical mechanical oscillators, namely pendula. The mathematical model of our experiment shows that the observed multistable states are controlled by elementary dynamical equations, derived from Newton’s laws that are ubiquitous in many physical and engineering systems. Our finding suggests that multistable chimera-like states are observable in small networks relevant to various real-world systems.
Microbiota Modulates Behavior and Protein Kinase C mediated cAMP response element-binding protein Signaling
Authors: Zeng Li , Zeng Benhua , Wang Haiyang , Li Bo , Huo Ran , Zheng Peng , Zhang Xiaotong , Du Xiangyu , Liu Meiling , Fang Zheng , Xu Xuejiao , Zhou Chanjuan , Chen Jianjun , Li Wenxia , Guo Jing , Wei Hong , Xie Peng
Published: July 2016

Evolutionary pressure drives gut microbiota–host coevolution and results in complex interactions between gut microbiota and neural development; however, the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota governs host behavior remain obscure. Here, we report that colonization early in life is crucial for the microbiota to modulate brain development and behavior; later colonization or deletion of microbiota cannot completely reverse the behaviors. Microarray analysis revealed an association between absence of gut microbiota and expression in cAMP responding element-binding protein (CREB) regulated genes in the hippocampus. The absence of gut microbiota from birth was shown to be associated with decreased CREB expression, followed by decreases of protein kinase C beta (PRKCB) and AMPA receptors expression and an increase of phosphorylation CREB (pCREB) expression. Microbiota colonization in adolescence restored CREB and pCREB expression, but did not alter PRKCB and AMPARs expression. The removal of the gut microbiota from SPF mice using antibiotics only reduced pCREB expression. These findings suggest that (i) colonization of the gut microbiota early in life might facilitate neurodevelopment via PKC–CREB signaling and (ii) although GF mice and ABX mice display reduced anxiety-related behaviors, the molecular mechanisms behind this might differ.
Establishment of a γ-H2AX foci-based assay to determine biological dose of radon to red bone marrow in rats
Authors: Wang Jing , He Linfeng , Fan Dunhuang , Ding Defang , Wang Xufei , Gao Yun , Zhang Xuxia , Li Qiang , Chen Honghong
Published: July 2016

The biodosimetric information is critical for assessment of cancer risk in populations exposed to high radon. However, no tools are available for biological dose estimation following radon exposure. Here, we established a γ-H2AX foci-based assay to determine biological dose to red bone marrow (RBM) in radon-inhaled rats. After 1–3 h of in vitro radon exposure, a specific pattern of γ-H2AX foci, linear tracks with individual p-ATM and p-DNA-PKcs foci, was observed, and the yield of γ-H2AX foci and its linear tracks displayed a linear dose-response manner in both rat peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and bone-marrow lymphocytes (BMLs). When the cumulative doses of radon inhaled by rats reached 14, 30 and 60 working level months (WLM), the yields of three types of foci markedly increased in both PBLs and BMLs, and γ-H2AX foci-based dose estimates to RBM were 0.97, 2.06 and 3.94 mGy, respectively. Notably, BMLs displayed a more profound increase of three types of foci than PBLs, and the absorbed dose ratio between BMLs and PBLs was similar between rats exposed to 30 and 60 WLM of radon. Taken together, γ-H2AX foci quantitation in PBLs is able to estimate RBM-absorbed doses with the dose-response curve of γ-H2AX foci after in vitro radon exposure and the ratio of RBM- to PBL-absorbed doses in rats following radon exposure.
Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in obese, lean and miniature pig breeds
Authors: Yang Yalan , Zhou Rong , Mu Yulian , Hou Xinhua , Tang Zhonglin , Li Kui
Published: July 2016

DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification involved in diverse biological processes. There is significant phenotypic variance between Chinese indigenous and western pig breeds. Here, we surveyed the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of blood leukocytes from three pig breeds (Tongcheng, Landrace and Wuzhishan) by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. The results showed that DNA methylation was enriched in gene body regions and repetitive sequences. LINE/L1 and SINE/tRNA-Glu were the predominant methylated repeats in pigs. The methylation level in the gene body regions was higher than in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of genes. About 15% of CpG islands were methylated in the pig genomes. Additionally, 2,807, 2,969 and 5,547 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified in the Tongcheng vs. Landrace, Tongcheng vs. Wuzhishan and Landrace vs. Wuzhishan comparisons, respectively. A total of 868 DMGs were shared by the three contrasts. The DMGs were significantly enriched in development- and metabolism-related biological processes and pathways. Finally, we identified 32 candidate DMGs associated with phenotype variance in pigs. Our research provides a DNA methylome resource for pigs and furthers understanding of epigenetically regulated phenotype variance in mammals.
Efficacy of species-specific protein antibiotics in a murine model of acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection
Authors: McCaughey Laura C. , Ritchie Neil. D. , Douce Gillian R. , Evans Thomas J. , Walker Daniel
Published: July 2016

Protein antibiotics, known as bacteriocins, are widely produced by bacteria for intraspecies competition. The potency and targeted action of bacteriocins suggests that they could be developed into clinically useful antibiotics against highly drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens for which there are few therapeutic options. Here we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa specific bacteriocins, known as pyocins, show strong efficacy in a murine model of P. aeruginosa lung infection, with the concentration of pyocin S5 required to afford protection from a lethal infection at least 100-fold lower than the most commonly used inhaled antibiotic tobramycin. Additionally, pyocins are stable in the lung, poorly immunogenic at high concentrations and efficacy is maintained in the presence of pyocin specific antibodies after repeated pyocin administration. Bacteriocin encoding genes are frequently found in microbial genomes and could therefore offer a ready supply of highly targeted and potent antibiotics active against problematic Gram-negative pathogens.
Arabidopsis AtERF014 acts as a dual regulator that differentially modulates immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Hong Yongbo , Huang Lei , Li Dayong , Song Fengming
Published: July 2016

ERF transcription factors play critical roles in plant immune responses. Here, we report the function of AtERF014, a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, in Arabidopsis immunity. Expression of AtERF014 was induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Botrytis cinerea (Bc). AtERF014-overexpressing (OE) plants displayed increased Pst resistance but decreased Bc resistance, whereas AtERF014-RNAi plants exhibited decreased Pst resistance but increased Bc resistance. After Pst infection, expression of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes AtPR1 and AtPR5 in AtERF014-OE plants and of a jasmonic acid/ethylene-responsive gene AtPDF1.2 in AtERF014-RNAi plants was intensified but expression of AtPDF1.2 in AtERF014-OE plants and of AtPR1 and AtPR5 in AtERF014-RNAi plants was weakened. After Bc infection, expression of AtPR1 and AtPR5 in AtERF014-OE plants was attenuated but expression of AtPR1, AtPR5 and AtPDF1.2 in AtERF014-RNAi plants was strengthened. Pathogen- and flg22-induced ROS burst, expression of PTI genes and SA-induced defense were partially suppressed in AtERF014-RNAi plants, whereas pathogen-induced ROS and flg22-induced immune response were strengthened in AtER014-OE plants. Altered expression of AtERR014 affected expression of pectin biosynthetic genes and pectin content in AtERF014-RNAi plants was decreased. These data demonstrate that AtERF014 acts as a dual regulator that differentially modulates immunity against Pst and Bc in Arabidopsis.
No impact of transgenic cry1C rice on the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes, a generalist predator of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Meng Jiarong , Mabubu Juma Ibrahim , Han Yu , He Yueping , Zhao Jing , Hua Hongxia , Feng Yanni , Wu Gang
Published: July 2016

T1C-19 is newly developed transgenic rice active against lepidopteran pests and expresses a synthesized cry1C gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a major non-target pest of rice and the rove beetle (Paederus fuscipes) is a generalist predator of N. lugens nymphs. As P. fuscipes may be exposed to the Cry1C protein through preying on N. lugens, it is essential to assess the potential effects of transgenic cry1C rice on this predator. In this study, two experiments (a direct feeding experiment and a tritrophic experiment) were conducted to evaluate the ecological risk of cry1C rice to P. fuscipes. No significant negative effects were observed in the development, survival, female ratio and body weight of P. fuscipes in both treatments of direct exposure to elevated doses of Cry1C protein and prey-mediated exposure to realistic doses of the protein. This indicated that cry1C rice had no detrimental effects on P. fuscipes. This work represents the first study of an assessment continuum for the effects of transgenic cry1C rice on P. fuscipes. Use of the rove beetle as an indicator species to assess potential effects of genetically modified crops on non-target arthropods is feasible.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): real-time methods for the detection of the survivin gene in cancer cells
Authors: Li Sen , Wang Yuansheng , Li Yu , Jiang Jianhui , Yu Ruqin , Xiang Meihao , Xia Geqing
Published: July 2016

In this study, we have established a LAMP assay strategy for specifically targeting the survivin gene under isothermal conditions.
Structural origin of proton mobility in a protic ionic liquid/imidazole mixture: insights from computational and experimental results
Authors: Yaghini Negin , Gómez-González Víctor , Varela Luis M. , Martinelli Anna
Published: July 2016

The contribution of the Grotthuss mechanism of proton transport is investigated in imidazole/C2HImTFSI liquid mixtures by means of experimental and computational methods.
Strain-induced electrostatic enhancements of BiFeO3nanowire loops
Authors: Liu Jun , Prashanthi Kovur , Li Zhi , McGee Ryan T. , Ahadi Kaveh , Thundat Thomas
Published: July 2016

Extraordinary electrostatic response has been found on electrospun BiFeO3nanowire loops by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM).
Microscopic mechanistic study on the multiferroic of R2CoMnO6/La2CoMnO6(R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) by chemical and hydrostatic pressures: a first-principles calculation
Authors: Meng Junling , Liu Xiaojuan , Hao Xianfeng , Zhang Lifang , Yao Fen , Meng Jian , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2016

A specific class of multiferroic superlattices R2CoMnO6/La2CoMnO6(R = rare-earth ions) were investigated based on density functional theory.
Origin of tunable photoluminescence from graphene quantum dots synthesized via pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Santiago S. R. M. , Lin T. N. , Yuan C. T. , Shen J. L. , Huang H. Y. , Lin C. A. J.
Published: July 2016

A one-step synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been implemented using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) with carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
On the effect of ion pairing of Keggin type polyanions with quaternary ammonium cations on redox potentials in organic solvents
Authors: Chen Bo , Neumann Ronny
Published: July 2016

The electrochemical properties of polyoxometalates in organic solvents show an interrelation between redox potentials, solvents and ion pairing.
Nitrous oxide activation by a cobalt(ii) complex for aldehyde oxidation under mild conditions
Authors: Corona Teresa , Company Anna
Published: July 2016

A new cobalt(ii) complex reacts with N2O under mild conditions and it catalytically performs the oxidation of aldehydes.
Second sphere coordination of hybrid metal–organic materials: solid state reactivity
Authors: Guo Fang , Martí-Rujas Javier
Published: July 2016

An overview of early work and current developments focussing on the solid-state chemistry of hybrid metal–organic complexes assembled by outer sphere coordination involving is presented.
A nonanuclear triangular macrocycle and a linear heptanuclear heterometallic complex based on a 2-substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate ligand
Authors: Lin Yue-Jian , Shan Wei-Long , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: July 2016

A novel Cp*Rh-based nonanuclear triangular macrocycle complex has been constructed from 2-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate ligands.
An atomically thick titanium phosphate thin layer with enhancing electrochemical sensitivity toward Pb(ii)
Authors: Li Shan-Shan , Han Dong-Dong , Jiang Tian-Jia , Guo Zheng , Huang Xing-Jiu , Liu Jin-Huai
Published: July 2016

An atomically thick titanium phosphate thin layer is synthesized and used for sensitive electrochemical detection for Pb(ii) with a high sensitivity and low limit of detection.
A facile synthesis of metal ion-imprinted graphene oxide/alginate hybrid biopolymeric beads for enhanced fluoride sorption
Authors: Pandi Kalimuthu , Viswanathan Natrayasamy
Published: July 2016

The defluoridation mechanism of GOAlgLa composite beads was governed by ion-exchange, adsorption and complexation. In field water, GOAlgLa composite beads reduce fluoride levels below the tolerance limit.
Mesoporous Y2Sn2O7 pyrochlore with exposed (111) facets: an active and stable catalyst for CO oxidation
Authors: Peng Honggen , Xu Juan , Tian Jinshu , Liu Yang , He Yunping , Tan Jin , Xu Xianglan , Liu Wenming , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiang
Published: July 2016

Mesoporous Y2Sn2O7 pyrochlore with exposed (111) facets was successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and showed superior catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
Pressure induced superconductivity and electronic structure properties of scandium hydrides using first principles calculations
Authors: Wei Yong-Kai , Yuan Jiao-Nan , Khan Faez Iqbal , Ji Guang-Fu , Gu Zhuo-Wei , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: July 2016

The electronic, vibrational and superconducting properties of scandium hydrides (ScH2 and ScH3) under pressure were studied using first-principles calculations.
Long-term stability of Si-organic hybrid solar cells with a thermally tunable graphene oxide platform
Authors: Ryu Beo Deul , Hyung Jung-Hwan , Han Min , Kim Gil-Sung , Han Nam , Ko Kang Bok , Kang Ko Ku , Cuong Tran Viet , Hong Chang-Hee
Published: July 2016

The PEDOT:PSS/Si solar cell with a rGO layer enhances the stability in a package-free device as the rGO layer with various annealing temperatures plays a critical role as a passivation layer in the PEDOT:PSS/Si interface.
Submicrochains composed of massage ball-like WO3@CuWO4 composites for high-efficiency CO gas sensing applications at room temperature
Authors: Wang Linlin , Rehman Afrasiab Ur , Wu Hongyuan , Wu Baofeng , Li Li , Shi Keying
Published: July 2016

Submicrochains composed of massage ball-like WO3@CuWO4 have been prepared via a simple Cu2+ intercalation method. WO3@CuWO4 submicrochains sensors displayed excellent sensing performance to CO gas at room temperature.
Novel nonplanar and rigid fluorophores with intensive emission in water and the application in two-photon imaging of live cells
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Wang Chao , Zhang Lei , Wu Huijing , Xiao Yi , Xu Yufang , Qian Xuhong , Zhu Weiping
Published: July 2016

Novel nonplanar and rigid fluorophores have been synthesized, by fusing a twisted heterocycle onto a naphthalimide skeleton, and exhibited excellent higher quantum yield value (Φ = 0.60–0.66) and molar extinction coefficient in water.
Microwave-assisted route for the preparation of Pd anchored on surfactant functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon and its electrochemical applications
Authors: Li Fang , Wang Huan , Zhao Xiaoqing , Li Bingqian , Zhang Yufan
Published: July 2016

A microwave-assisted route for rapidly synthesizing Pd nanoparticles assembled on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon (Pd-SOMC) hybrid nanocomposites has been reported.
Highly swellable and biocompatible graphene/heparin-analogue hydrogels for implantable drug and protein delivery
Authors: He Chao , Shi Zhen-Qiang , Cheng Chong , Nie Chuan-Xiong , Zhou Mi , Wang Ling-Ren , Zhao Chang-Sheng
Published: July 2016

The GO/heparin-analogue hydrogels with hemo- and cyto-compatibility could be used in various biomedical fields, such as drug and protein delivery, tissue regeneration scaffold, and other biomedical systems.