bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of Arsenic trioxide and Apatinib Synergistically Inhibits Small Cell Lung Cancer by Down-Regulating VEGFR2/mTOR and Akt/c-Myc Signaling Pathway via GRB10
Authors: 于 瑶 , Shang Yu , Shi Si , He Yaowu , Shi Wenchao , Wang Menghan , Wang Qi , Xu Dandan , Chen Hong
Published: May 2024

Background
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis. High predilection for -metastasis, -proliferation, and absence of newer therapeutic options. Elucidation of newer pathways characterizing the disease may allow development targeted therapies and favorable outcomes.
Methods
Combinatorial action of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and apatinib (APA) were tested in-vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro models were tested using H446 and H196 SCLC cell lines. The ability of drugs to reduce metastasis, cell proliferation, and migration was assessed. Using bioinformatic analysis, differentially expressed genes were determined. Using gene knock down models and Western blot technique gene regulation was studied. The in-vivo models were used to confirm the resolution of pathognomic features in the presence of the drugs. GRB10 expression levels of human small cell lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by IHC.
Results
In combination, ATO and APA significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in both cell lines. Cell proliferation was found to be inhibited by activation of Caspase-3, -7 pathway. In the presence of drugs, it was found that growth factor receptor bound protein (GRB)10 was stabilized. The silencing of GRB10 was found to negatively regulate the VEGFR2/Akt/mTOR and Akt/GSK-3β/c-Myc signaling pathway. Absence of metastasis, reduction of tumor volume was seen in-vivo. The immunohistochemical results confirmed that the expression level of GRB10 in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in human small cell lung cancer tissues.
Conclusions
Synergistically, ATO and APA have a more significant impact on inhibiting cell proliferation than each drug independently. ATO and APA mediate its action through the stabilization of GRB10 thus acting as a tumor suppressor. We thus, preliminarily report the impact of GRB10 stability as a target for SCLC treatment.
piRNA-823 exerts protective effects on high glucose concentration–induced HUVEC pyroptosis by targeting LCN2
Authors: Tan Yao , Zeng Qian , Sun Xinguo , Qin Jianning , Han Yang , Zhao Simin , Wan Hengquan , Liu Shali , Zhang Chi , Fan Wenjing , Qu Shunlin
Published: May 2024

Purpose It has been reported that non-coding RNAs can regulate endothelial cell pyroptosis, thereby playing a role in diabetes and its vascular complications, however, few studies have been conducted to date to explore the effect of PIRNA in diabetic vascular complications, and we aimed to explore the effect of piRNA-823 on hyperglycemia-induced pyroptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the specific mechanism Methods LDH was detected in the supernatant of different groups, The levels of IL-1βand IL-18 were detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD and ASC were detected by WB, Total RNA was extracted from piRNA-823 mimics and piRNA-823 NC cells for high-throughput sequencing, and differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins in different groups were detected and the morphological changes of cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results High glucose can reduce piRNA-823 expression, and increasing piRNA-823 expression can inhibit hyperglucose-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis, and the mechanism is to reverse hyperglucose-induced HUVEC cell pyroptosis by targeting LCN2. Conclusion piRNA-823 targets LCN2 to inhibit hyperglycemic induced pyroptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Periodic properties of partially coherent generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beams through a gradient-index medium
Authors: Saad Faroq , Benzehoua Halima , Ali Omar Adil M. , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we conducted a detailed investigation on the evolution of a partially coherent generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beam (PCGHchGB) through a gradient-index medium. Analytical formula for a PCGHchGB propagating in the gradient-index medium is obtained based on ABCD transfer matrix and generalized diffraction integral formula. We discuss the periodic changes of the corresponding beam through the gradient-index medium by performing numerical examples. Our obtained results demonstrate that the gradient-index parameter of media and the initial beam parameters, such as the coherence width, beam waist width, decentered beam parameter, and beam orders, affect the evolution characteristics on the intensity distribution of the PCGHchGB in the gradient-index medium. The results of this work could be beneficial for applications in optical communication and nonlinear optics.
VisionVerse: Dynamic Video Question Answering Through Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Authors: Sajeev Abhiram S , Joseph Adhya Sanil , T Amal Madhav , Varghese Surekha Mariam , T Aby Abahai
Published: May 2024

In the digital age, video content has become a distinguished form for information sharing, entertainment, and education. However, navigating and comprehending lengthy video content can be time-consuming and challenging for users. The project introduces an innovative solution that can sway state-of-the-art language models to transform extensive video content into concise text contents, making it more accessible and user-friendly. By leveraging Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG), it accurately condenses videos into text form, ensuring that the core message and key details are retained. This process enhances the efficiency of content consumption by providing users with a quick, readable overview of the video's contents. Furthermore, introducing an interactive chatbot that enables users to engage with the video content. Users can ask questions, seek clarifications, or ferret in deeper into specific aspects of the video. The chatbot is powered by a Large Language Model, which enables meaningful and context-aware interactions. The idea not only facilitates better understanding but also encourages active participation and knowledge retention. Also, benefits of interactive chatbot and video summarisation technologies together, offering users a dynamic and engaging means to access and interact with video content. The system employs advanced video-to-text summarisation techniques to automatically extract the most relevant information from videos. This innovation has significant potential applications in education, research, and the digital content landscape, where the efficient dissemination of information is paramount.
Simulation of a-SiGe/c-Si solar cell with silicene front contact
Authors: Madmeli Kiarash , Madmeli Arash , Ganji Jabbar
Published: May 2024

The objective of the present study was to utilize the two-dimensional (2D) structures of silicone (known as silicene) in the structure of solar cells. Its spectacular optical and electronic properties justify its application in solar structures. For this purpose, silicene was involved in the solar cell structure in 3 manners: as silicene1, an n-type semiconductor layer doped with P impurity; silicene2, a p-type semiconductor layer doped with Al; and as the free-standing silicene for the front contact. The former two applications were conducted in the ITO/silicene (1, 2)/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au structure, while the latter was in the Silicene/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au structure. Using the AFORS-HET software, the solar cells were exposed to Am1.5 spectrum radiation at 300K temperature, and the impacts of 1 sun, 0.1 sun, and 10 sun of radiant intensity were evaluated to obtain a better insight into the function of this nanoribbon. The highest efficiencies in the mentioned radiant intensities were observed in the proposed cell with the silicene1 layer as the semiconductor, which were 18.96%, 17.96%, and 19.22%, respectively. Moreover, the efficiencies of the cell with free-standing silicene as the front contact were 27.13%, 25.95%, and 27.65%, respectively, in the mentioned radiant intensities.
Mating assay: Plating below a cell density threshold is required for unbiased estimation of transfer frequency or transfer rate
Authors: He Zhiming , Smets Barth F. , Dechesne Arnaud
Published: May 2024

Mating assays are common laboratory experiments for measuring the rate, frequency, or efficiency at which a plasmid transfers from a population of donor cells to a population of recipient cells. Selective plating remains a widely used quantification method to enumerate transconjugants at the end of such assays. However, transfer frequencies or rates may be inaccurately estimated because plasmid transfer can occur on transconjugant-selective plates rather than only during the intended mating period. We investigated the influence of cell density on this phenomenon. We conducted mating experiments with IncPα plasmid RP4 at a range of cell densities and mating conditions and compared the results to a model of cell-to-cell distance distribution. Our findings suggest that irrespective of the mating mode (solid vs liquid), the enumeration of transconjugants is significantly biased if the plated cell density exceeds 20 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) /mm2 (or 1.2x105 CFU per standard 9 cm Petri dish). Liquid mating assays were more sensitive to this bias because the transfer frequency of RP4 is several orders of magnitude lower in suspension compared to surface mating. Therefore, if selective plating is used, we recommend to plate below this density threshold and that negative controls are performed where donors and recipients are briefly mixed before plating at the same dilutions as for the actual mating assay.
Optimization of exhaust ejector with lobed nozzle for marine gas turbine
Authors:   College of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China, Shi Hong , Wang Rui , Xiao Yinglong , Zhu Xiaojian , Zheng Rentong , Song Caiyue , Liu Zhenrong ,   Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, 3111 Huaning, Minhang, Shanghai 201108, China
Published: May 2024

To attain high-performance ejector configurations, an ejection characteristic testing system was established initially to validate the reliability of the Realizable k-ε turbulent model. Subsequently, optimization investigations were conducted on lobed nozzle ejectors with various structural parameters. The effects of four key structural parameters, including lobed nozzle expansion angle α, lobed nozzle width d, number of lobes in the nozzle n, and height of the square-to-circle section h, were systematically studied. Furthermore, the CRITIC method was employed for multi-objective evaluation to identify the optimal design configuration for the casing ejector. The research findings revealed that among the structural parameters, the lobed nozzle expansion angle α exerted the greatest influence on the ejection coefficient and pressure loss coefficient. The weights of the evaluation criteria were determined by the CRITIC method as follows: ejection coefficient (49.38%) < pressure loss coefficient (50.62%). The optimal design configuration determined by the CRITIC method included α = 45°, d = 150 mm, n = 14, and h = 600 mm. The resulting enclosure design ensures smooth airflow within the system, preventing the backflow of high-temperature mainstream fluid and heating the enclosure. It also maintains a temperature distribution in the typical cross-section that meets specified requirements. Additionally, it facilitates improved mixing of mainstream and secondary fluid and reduces exhaust gas temperature.
THE EVOLUTION OF LEARNING: A SURVEY OF AI TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION
Authors:   Student of MCA, Lords University, Chikani, Alwar, Rajasthan-301028., Chandhok Vaibhavi , Singh Gurjeet ,   Professor, Lords School of Computer Applications & IT, Lords University, Chikani, Alwar, Rajasthan-301028.
Published: May 2024

AI technology has revolutionized education, simplifying management, enabling personalized learning, and enhancing student engagement. From initial Intelligent Teaching Systems (ITS) to advanced adaptive learning algorithms, AIs impact on education has been profound. This piece delves into AIs history in schools and its applications, including personalized learning, language education, and administrative efficiency. While AI offers benefits like automated tasks and 24/7 student support, it also raises concerns such as discrimination and privacy breaches. Balancing these advancements with ethical considerations is crucial to ensure equitable and responsible implementation of AI in education.
APPLICATION OF BIOREMEDIATION IN MITIGATION OF HEAVY METAL STRESS ON PLANTS
Authors:   Lecturer in Botany, Dr. V. S. Krishna Government PG College (A), Visakhapatnam Dt., Padmavathi S. , Jayalakshmi G. ,   Lecturer in Botany, Government Degree College, V. Madugula, Anakapalli Dt.
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals are toxic metals which are persistent in nature due to their nondegradable nature.Due to increase in industrialization and urbanization heavy metals are being added to theenvironment and consequently causing heavy metal pollution of water and soil. These heavy metals cause significant stress on crop plants and effect various parameters such as growth and yield. Manymethods like physical, chemical and biological methods are available to degrade these heavymetals. Recently, bioremediation is being widely used because of its cost-effective andenvironment friendly approach. Bioremediation is a biological process which makes use ofmicroorganisms to remove hazardous substances or environmental pollutants from air, water,soil, industrial effluents etc. Bacteria and fungi are mostly employed for bioremediation.These organisms are genetically engineered for effective use in bioremediation. This not onlydiscussed about the importance of bacteria for bioremediation of heavy metals but alsodiscussed about the challenges and limitations of bacteria for bioremediation. In this chapter, a variety of mechanisms responsible for adaptation of microorganisms to high heavy metal concentrations, e.g. metal sorption, uptake and accumulation, extracellular precipitation and enzymatic oxidation or reduction, will be reported. Moreover, molecular mechanisms responsible for their metal tolerance will be described.
AN OVERVIEW OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES IN COIMBATORE DISTRICTS
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Nehru Arts and Science College(Affiliated to Bharathiyar University) Thirumalayampalayam, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India.Pin-641105., S. Deepa , Shani N. ,   Department of Business Administration, Nehru Arts and Science College(Affiliated to Bharathiyar University) Thirumalayampalayam, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India.Pin-641105.
Published: May 2024

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is a very broad one, encompassing the various dimensions of the business world. Social responsibility in marketing involves focusing efforts on stake holders who want to make a positive difference with their requirements. Social responsibility has a great impact in the performance of various organizations. The CSR strategies may vary in accordance with company nature(size), Type, Form of Industry. The CSR ambit is getting bigger and for upcoming years it would turn as a unique knowledge base for analysing and achieving sustainability goals as among various large economies. India is a country which has assured by mandating CSR through its legislative action. This study focus on companies CSR efforts from their practices to broad societal impacts, be explained by the Classical model, Stakeholder model, Sustainability model, Concentric Circle model, or by a combination of all four.
Integrating financial literacy, regulatory technology, and decentralized finance: A new paradigm in Fintech evolution
Authors: Ali Mustafa Jamileh
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the implications of the interaction of financial literacy, regulatory technology, and decentralized finance applications for financial sector development. A two-step analytical regression approach on EViews 10 was used, which performs a one-factor analysis for each variable to identify the individual impact of each factor. A linear FMOLS approach was used to evaluate the cooperative effect of integration. The methodology was implemented on a dataset comprising 2,880 observations from 23 financial institutions in Jordan.The findings support the hypothesized dynamic interrelations between the essential Fintech factors relevant to the sustainable development of the financial sector, including significant and insignificant factors with the impact of inflation, which provides an adequate understanding of Fintech’s evolution. Additionally, the outcomes consider post-2017 regulatory changes that reflect the role of supervision and regulation for the financial sector’s flexibility and efficiency. Therefore, the results reveal the essential contribution of integrating decentralized finance applications, financial literacy, and regulatory technology to the development of Jordan’s financial sector. Financial literacy serves as a facilitator, regulatory technology is a compliance enabler, and decentralized finance applications are driving forces of innovation and financial inclusion, ensuring a robust and sustainable financial ecosystem. It is shown that the interaction of factors forces the sector’s development, reflecting the world’s trend in digital inclusion and viable financial development.
Estimation of water consumption volume and water efficiency in irrigated and rainfed agriculture based on the WaPOR database in Iran
Authors: Fakhar Mohadeseh Sadat , Kaviani Abbas
Published: May 2024

To evaluate the WaPOR model across the entire country of Iran, initially, 16 provinces located in four different climatic regions were selected for calculating and comparing the evapotranspiration using both the FAO-56 method and the WaPOR approach. The comparison of 10-day evapotranspiration values obtained from the FAO56 method and WaPOR demonstrates that the WaPOR model exhibits the highest correlation with FAO-56 values in semi-arid regions, with an R2 = 0.95 and an RMSE = 0.43. The analysis of evapotranspiration variations indicates that the evapotranspiration in the Caspian Sea and Zagros foothill regions has experienced more significant changes from 2015 to 2022. The annual analysis of net blue water productivity demonstrates that the net productivity in rainfed lands strongly depends on the precipitation received. Also, considering the importance of investigating the accuracy of biomass estimation, the correlation between the accuracy of biomass estimation and actual evapotranspiration was examined in four Iran climatic regions. Using the WaPOR model provides acceptable results for water consumption management and assessment in different regions and climates of Iran, particularly in agricultural lands. The WaPOR model can serve as a guide for determining reliable values of evapotranspiration and planning related to water resources in the agricultural sector in Iran.
Electrochemically produced nano-TiO2-coated SiC membranes for photocatalytic water treatment: Preparation, characterization, and hydroxyl radical formation
Authors: Trepte Sarah , Kutzer-Schulze Claudia , Langklotz Ulrike , Krug Mario
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytically active ceramic flat sheet membranes based on a nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating were produced for photocatalytic water treatment. The nano-TiO2 layer was produced by a novel combination of magnetron sputtering of a thin titanium layer on silicon carbide (SiC) membranes, followed by electrochemical oxidation (anodization) and subsequent heat treatment (HT). Characterization by Raman spectra and field emission scanning electron microscopy proved the presence of a nanostructured anatase layer on the membranes. The influence of the titanium layer thickness on the TiO2 formation process and the photocatalytic properties were investigated using anodization curves, by using cyclovoltammetry measurements, and by quantifying the generated hydroxyl radicals (OH•) under UV-A irradiation in water. Promising photocatalytic activity and permeability of the nano-TiO2-coated membranes could be demonstrated. A titanium layer of at least 2 μm was necessary for significant photocatalytic effects. The membrane sample with a 10 μm Ti/TiO2 layer had the highest photocatalytic activity showing a formation rate of 1.26 × 10−6 mmol OH• s−1. Furthermore, the membranes were tested several times, and a decrease in radical formation was observed. Assuming that these can be attributed to adsorption processes of the reactants, initial experiments were carried out to reactivate the photocatalyzer.
Primary Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma and Caesarean Section Ectopic
Pregnancy: A Case Report with an Emergency Department Diagnostic Pathway
Authors: Eid Mustafa Mahmood , Sudha Resshme Kannan , Al Ghafly Salma
Published: May 2024

Background::

Although most cases of choriocarcinoma are of gestational origin, rare cases of extrauterine origin (such as pulmonary) have been reported, which
have a poor prognosis

Case Presentation::

We present one such rare case involving a 35-year-old female patient who initially presented to the emergency department with hemothorax and
was found to have primary lung choriocarcinoma after multiple biopsies. The patient was properly managed and discharged in a healthy condition.
However, she subsequently returned to the hospital with an intracranial haemorrhage and, unfortunately, passed away despite all efforts.

Conclusion::

Due to the life-threatening initial presentations of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma, it is essential to conduct an intensive work-up and maintain
close observation when a patient initially presents with such symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment and prevent
further complications. Therefore, we aimed to discuss and establish an emergency medicine department-based diagnostic pathway to contribute to
the early diagnosis of this deadly malignancy
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Potential Applications in Mitigating Cancer
Authors: Mir Reyaz Hassan , Maqbool Mudasir , Mir Prince Ahad , Hussain Md. Sadique , din Wani Shahid ud , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Mohi-ud-din Roohi
Published: May 2024

:

In recent years, the field of nanotechnology has brought about significant advancements that have
transformed the landscape of disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, particularly in the realm of medical
science. Among the various approaches to nanoparticle synthesis, the green synthesis method has garnered increasing
attention. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as particularly noteworthy nanomaterials
within the spectrum of metallic nanoparticles employed for biomedical applications. AgNPs possess several
key attributes that make them highly valuable in the biomedical field. They are biocompatible, cost-effective,
and environmentally friendly, rendering them suitable for various bioengineering and biomedical applications.
Notably, AgNPs have found a prominent role in the domain of cancer diagnosis. Research investigations have
provided evidence of AgNPs' anticancer activity, which involves mechanisms such as DNA damage, cell cycle
arrest, induction of apoptosis, and the regulation of specific cytokine genes. The synthesis of AgNPs primarily
involves the reduction of silver ions by reducing agents. Interestingly, natural products and living organisms
have proven to be effective sources for the generation of precursor materials used in AgNP synthesis. This
comprehensive review aims to summarize the key aspects of AgNPs, including their characterization, properties,
and recent advancements in the field of biogenic AgNP synthesis. Furthermore, the review highlights the
potential applications of these nanoparticles in combating cancer.
HPV16 Genomes: In Silico Analysis of E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in 20
South American Variants
Authors: de Paula Filho Márcio Fabrício Falcão , Lopes Chrisóstomo Lara Luisa , Farias Cansanção Isaac
Published: May 2024

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for the development
of squamous cell cervical cancer, and E6 oncoprotein and E7 oncoprotein are important components
of the viral genome and its oncogenic potential. It is known that different viral variants of
HPV16 have different pathology and impact on the development of neoplasia, although few
studies have been performed on South American variants.

Objective:

Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze in silico the genomic diversity of HPV16
in 20 complete genome variants of South America in the National Center for Biotechnology Information
(NCBI) database.

Methods:

We performed a descriptive study to characterize the polymorphic regions of the E6 and
E7 genes in HPV16 variants, using software for genomic data and single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) analysis and others for phylogenetic analysis.

Results:

The variants analyzed included six SNPs linked to cancer (A131G, G145T, C335T,
T350G, C712A, and T732C) and significant variation (798 nucleotide substitutions). Despite this,
the variants showed low genetic diversity. Eighteen variants of unclear significance (VUS) were
identified, 10 of which were in the coding E6 regions and 8 in the coding E7 regions. The prevalence
of lineage D variants is of concern due to their pathology in cervical cancer and requires
more research and epidemiological vigilance regarding their prevalence in the population.

Conclusion:

The data obtained in this study may contribute to future research on South American
variants of HPV16, their pathogenicity, and the development of treatments.
Establishment and Validation of Lactate Metabolism-Related Genes
as a Prognostic Model for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Xu Qinxuan , Fei Yuchang , Tan Zhengwei , Pan Lei
Published: May 2024

Background:

Gastric Cancer (GC) has become one of the most important
causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to its intractability. Studying the
mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, recurrence, and metastasis, and searching for
new therapeutic targets have become the main directions of today's gastric cancer
research. Lactate is considered a metabolic by-product of tumor aerobic glycolysis,
which can regulate tumor development through various mechanisms, including cell
cycle regulation, immunosuppression, and energy metabolism. However, the effects of
genes related to lactate metabolism on the prognosis and tumor microenvironmental
characteristics of GC patients are unknown.

Method:

In this study, we have collected gene expression data of gastric cancer from
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified differentially expressed genes in
gastric cancer using the "Limma" software package.

Result:

76 differentially expressed lactate metabolism-related genes were screened,
and then the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox
regression analysis were employed that identified 8 genes, constructed Lactate
Metabolism-related gene signals (LMRs), and verified the reliability of the prognostic
risk mapping by using TCGA training set and TCGA internal test set. Finally, the
functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify the molecular mechanism

Conclusion:

Eight lactate metabolism-related genes were constructed into a new
predictive signal that better predicted the overall survival of gastric cancer patients and
can guide clinical decisions for more precise and personalized treatment.
An Overview of Pathological Pathway of Asthma and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Asthmatic Phytoconstituents
Authors: Javed Aysha , Srivastava Sristi , Khan Anas , . Badruddeen , Akhtar Juber , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Mohammad
Published: May 2024

:

Asthma presents with chronic inflammation and airway constriction triggered by allergens
or pollution. Inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, released in response
to inflammation, prompt bronchoconstriction, contracting the smooth muscles around the
airways. This constriction obstructs airflow and worsens symptoms such as coughing, wheezing,
and breathlessness. Additionally, airways become hyperresponsive, reacting excessively even to
harmless stimuli. Persistent inflammation leads to the production of thick mucus, further blocking
airflow and worsening symptoms. Mast cell-released histamine triggers bronchoconstriction,
leukotrienes, and prostaglandins (eg, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-13) and promotes airway inflammation
while cytokines drive Th2-mediated immune responses. Current therapies in asthma include
long-acting beta agonists, leukotriene modifiers, inhaled corticosteroids, and immunomodulators.
Natural products, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties,
have emerged as promising anti-asthmatic candidates. Polyphenols (quercetin, resveratrol,
curcumin, etc.) and Omega-3 fatty acids offer anti-inflammatory benefits by suppressing cytokines
and oxidative stress. Natural products intervene at various levels of these pathways.
Quercetin inhibits the release of mast cell histamines, alleviating bronchoconstriction. Curcumin
suppresses Th2 cytokines, mitigating the allergic response. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate
leukotriene and prostaglandin production, reducing airway inflammation. This review concludes
that natural phytobioactives have potential in asthma management due to their complex mechanisms
that target various immuno-inflammatory mediators.
Intracardiac and Pericardial Hydatid Cyst Concurrent with Multi-Organ
Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Ameri Mobina , Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Elahe , Soveyzi Faezeh , Mahdavi Rashed Masoud
Published: May 2024

Introduction::

Hydatidosis, a distinctive parasitic ailment, exhibits a broad range of imaging characteristics influenced by the growth stage, resultant
complications, and tissue involvement. Its occurrence throughout the human anatomy underscores its ubiquitous propensity. Despite its relatively
infrequent manifestation as diffuse hydatosis, the disease assumes particular significance in rural regions. Given its detrimental complications and
resemblance to other cystic conditions, vigilance towards the potential presence of this ailment becomes imperative.

Case Presentation::

In 2022, a 12-year-old female patient residing in a village sought medical assistance for left flank pain. During the evaluation, an incidental
discovery of a pancreatic cyst through sonography prompted further investigation. Subsequent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans
identified multiple lesions consistent with hydatid cysts in various anatomical locations, including the pancreas, right atrium, ventricle of the heart,
pericardium, and lung. Confirmation of the hydatid cysts was obtained through pathology examination and consideration of the patient's medical
history, which included a previously diagnosed brain hydatid cyst. Treatment with albendazole was initiated, and the patient underwent cardiac
surgical intervention. Unfortunately, the condition of the patient deteriorated, leading to septic shock and subsequent mortality.

Conclusion::

In areas with a high prevalence of hydatid cysts, the presence of diverse lesions on radiologic assessments, despite negative serologic tests, should
raise suspicion for this condition. Furthermore, understanding the importance of timely detection and intervention is crucial, as it greatly impacts
patient prognosis,. In the advanced stages of the disease, particularly when cardiac involvement occurs, surgical excision of the cysts remains the
sole therapeutic approach, albeit accompanied by certain complications. Through the utilization of various imaging modalities and early
recognition and treatment, the need for more complex interventions can be minimized.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Various Threat Detection and Prevention Techniques in IoT Environment
Authors: Pavithra P.S. , Durgadevi P.
Published: May 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most widely used
technologies in recent times. IoT devices can be enabled to collect, and exchange
information in a highly efficient manner via the network. A smart object with
technology and devices builds a network infrastructure that is used in a variety of areas
such as mechanical, building, medical, manufacturing, entertainment, and transport.
The major security issues such as confidentiality, authentication, confirmation, security
systems, system configuration, data storage, and administration are the main challenges
in an IoT environment. To overcome these security issues, various techniques are
addressed. Initially software called an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) was used that
monitors a network of malicious activity using valuable tools in IoT devices. Then, the
machine technique was used to detect the attacks from the intrusion detection system to
provide embedded intelligence in IoT devices and networks. Finally, Blockchain (BC)
technology is gaining traction in modern IoT devices to address security and privacy
challenges to provide reliable communication in an IoT environment. The aim of this
work is to provide a detailed review of ML and BC techniques that can be used to
develop revamped IoT security devices.
Security Concerns in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical System
Authors: Brindha S. , Kumari K. Anitha
Published: May 2024

A smart grid cyber physical system (SG-CPS) is an optimal fusion of a
power network infrastructure and cyber system based on a communicating network.
The SG-CPS employs advanced technologies to deliver energy supply and provide
flexible choices for prosumers. The SG-CPS uses multiple components in different
units and this has given rise to more complexity in managing them. The reliable
operation of any smart grid is necessary to enjoy uninterrupted services. As many smart
devices are being used, more cyber-attacks are also targeted on smart grid cyber
physical systems. The different types of attacks necessitate a broad security perspective
to ensure safe services in the smart grid. The countermeasures for securing the smart
grid have to be designed in all layers encompassing the cyber physical power system. If
the power system is targeted then all the dependent devices will be at risk. A blackout
scenario will cause more damage to industrial and household applications. Emerging
technologies like Blockchain, AI, ML and IoT present a promising trend in the smart
grid cyber-physical system. By predicting the power demand, supply can be adjusted
automatically. Many such power system-related issues have smart solutions. In this
chapter, we will first review the security challenges and attacks in the context of smart
grid cyber-physical systems. Then the potential vulnerabilities to cyber-attack threats
and risks in smart grid cyber-physical systems have been outlined. Finally,
countermeasures for the security attack scenarios in SG-CPS are outlined.
Cyber Physical Systems in Clinical Setting
Authors: Kamatchi T.P. , Kumari K. Anitha , Priya D.
Published: May 2024

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is a new generation of systems with
integrated control, communication, and computation capabilities in the modern world.
Just as the Internet changed the way people interacted with one another, cyber physical
systems will change how people engage with the real environment. Currently, CPS
research is in its infancy, and numerous research concerns and obstacles exist in areas
such as electricity, health care, transportation and smart construction, agriculture, and
others. The architecture of CPS and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for cloud
computing for life support or healthcare and its application for monitoring and decision
support systems are introduced in this article. The suggested CPS architecture is made
up of three primary components: 1) communication, 2) computing, and 3) resource
management for healthcare. Industry, agriculture, and hospitals are all being
transformed by this type of integration, known as Cyber-physical Systems. CPS
enables the systematic transformation of large amounts of data into information,
revealing previously unseen patterns of degradation and inefficiency and resulting in an
optimal decision-making system. This article focuses on current trends in hospital big
data analytics and CPS development. Relevant concepts such as cloud computing, realtime scheduling, and security models are thoroughly examined and explained. Finally,
a healthcare application section is offered, which is based on our long-running practical
test bed. Many businesses and hospitals are confronting new opportunities and
problems as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) improve and
advanced analytics are integrated into manufacturing, goods, and services. Finally, a
case study using the CPS to construct intelligent machines is provided.
Energy Transfer in Down Conversion Rare Earth Phosphors
Authors: Lou Chaogang
Published: May 2024

For co-doped and tri-doped rare earth (RE) down conversion phosphors, the energy transfer between different rare earth ions plays an important role because they determine the luminous efficiency of the phosphors. In this chapter, some popular energy transfer mechanisms are presented at first, including cooperative energy transfer (CET), cross relaxation and charge transfer state (CTS). Then, the energy transfers in the co-doped and tri-doped Y3Al5O12 phosphors are discussed. It is shown that the efficiency of the energy transfer between the rare earth ions varies with different ion couples, which depends on the energy levels of these ions. In the down conversion phosphors with two or more rare earth elements, the energy transfer is an important process because they have significant effects on the luminous efficiency of the phosphors [ ]. In principle, the energy transfer seems a simple process in which the sensitizers (donors) in the phosphors absorb the energy of incident photons at first, then the part of the energy is emitted luminescently and the rest is transferred to neighbouring activators (acceptors). After that, the activators emit the photons whose wavelength is different from that emitted from the sensitizers. However, due to the complexity of host lattices and the abundant energy levels of rare earth ions, clarifying the mechanism of the energy transfer is a challenge. In this chapter, some proposed mechanisms of the energy transfer are presented, including cooperative energy transfer（CET), cross relaxation, charge transfer state (CTS), etc. Then, the energy transfer processes in co-doped and tri doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) phosphors are discussed.
Rare Earth Element (REE) Insights for Health and Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Ramakrishna Reddy R.
Published: May 2024

The medical industry is rapidly expanding its usage of rare earth elements (REE) in cutting-edge technologies including molecular imaging and radiotherapies. Because of its advantageous optical qualities, REE are included into a wide range of imaging modalities, including but not limited to X-ray, MRI, CT, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and positron emission tomography. MRI is an imaging technique widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis of disease and visualization of injuries, which utilizes magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation to create images of the physiology within the body or clinical analysis. It has various advantages, including quick detection time, large detection depth, no surgery need, etc. This review provides an overview of rare earths and their prospective applications in medical diagnostic imaging and other areas. Some rare earth elements may have use in biomedical imaging, cancer therapy, and image processing, all of which are briefly reviewed. The use of REE into health and medical applications is now well established. However, much of the future of diagnostic imaging analysis could depend on these paramagnetic elements.
مدى مساهمة التسويق الأخضر في تحقيق ريادة الأعمال
Authors: Amin Yousif obed , Moheden Nishteman Othman , Rasul Hoshmand Muhammad
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة والأثر للتسويق الأخضر وأبعاده في تعزيز ريادة الأعمال للشركات قيد البحث من خلال اختبار الفرضيات، أعتمد الباحثون على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في اختبار فرضيات البحث باعتماد تقانات هذا المنهج في تحليل البيانات اللازمة وتحديداً الاستبانة التي أعدها الباحثون في ضوء السياقات العلمية المعتمدة بهدف توضيح فقرات الاستبانة لضمان الإجابة الصحيحة. تمثل مجتمع  البحث في شركتي السليمانية و جام لانتاج المياه المعدنية
في محافظة السليمانية في اقليم كوردستان - العراق اما عينة البحث فقد تمثلت في موظفي شركتي السليمانية وجام لانتاج المياه المعدنية .
            تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي  SPSSوتم التوصل الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها: وجود علاقة ارتباط  وتأثير ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التسويق الأخضر بمزيجه التسويقي (المنتج الأخضر، التسعير الأخضر، التوزيع الأخضر، والترويج الأخضر) وريادة الأعمال بأبعادها (تحمل المخاطر و الابداع) من وجهة نظر الرؤساء والمرؤوسين في الشركات المبحوثة وهذا يدل على انه كلما استخدمت الشركة مفهوم التسويق الأخضر كبعد استراتيجي في عملياتها الانتاجية والتسويقية كلما استطاعت ان تحقق ريادة الأعمال.وتم تقديم عدد من التوصيات في ضوء الاستنتاجات اهمها: زيادة الاهتمام باستراتيجية التسويق الأخضر بطريقة  تجعل الشركتين المبحوثتين قريبة جداً من الزبائن، وذلك عن طريق إنتاج وتسويق المنتجات الصديقة للبيئة.
Best Practices for Implementing Electronic Care Records in Adult Social Care: Rapid Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Snow Martha , Silva-Ribeiro Wagner , Baginsky Mary , Di Giorgio Sonya , Farrelly Nicola , Larkins Cath , Poole Karen , Steils Nicole , Westwood Joanne , Malley Juliette
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

In the past decade, the use of digital or electronic records in social care has risen worldwide, capturing key information for service delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digitization in health and social care. For example, the UK government created a fund specifically for adult social care provider organizations to adopt digital social care records. These developments offer valuable learning opportunities for implementing digital care records in adult social care settings.

OBJECTIVE

This rapid scoping review aimed to understand what is known about the implementation of digital care records in adult social care and how implementation varies across use cases, settings, and broader contexts.

METHODS

A scoping review methodology was used, with amendments made to enable a rapid review. Comprehensive searches based on the concepts of digital care records, social care, and interoperability were conducted across the MEDLINE, EmCare, Web of Science Core Collection, HMIC Health Management Information Consortium, Social Policy and Practice, and Social Services Abstracts databases. Studies published between 2018 and 2023 in English were included. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts, while 2 reviewers extracted data. Thematic analysis mapped findings against the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework.

RESULTS

Our search identified 2499 references. After screening titles and abstracts, 71 records were selected for full-text review, resulting in 31 references from 29 studies. Studies originated from 11 countries, including 1 multicountry study, with the United Kingdom being the most represented (10/29, 34%). Studies were most often conducted in nursing homes or facilities (7/29, 24%) with older people as the target population (6/29, 21%). Health records were the most investigated record type (12/29, 41%). We identified 45 facilitators and 102 barriers to digital care record implementation across 28 studies, spanning 6 of the 7 NASSS framework domains and aligning with 5 overarching themes that require greater active management regarding implementation. Intended or actual implementation outcomes were reported in 17 (59%) of the 29 studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that implementation is complex due to a lack of consensus on what digital care records and expected outcomes and impacts should look like. The literature often lacks clear definitions and robust study designs. To be successful, implementation should consider complexity, while studies should use robust frameworks and mixed methods or quantitative designs where appropriate. Future research should define the target population, gather data on carer or service user experiences, and focus on digital care records specifically used in social care.
Development and External Validation of a Multidimensional Deep Learning Model to Dynamically Predict Kidney Outcomes in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Tingyu , Chen Tiange , Xu Wenjie , Liang Shaoshan , Xu Feng , Liang Dandan , Li Xiang , Zeng Caihong , Xie Guotong , Liu Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Key Points

A dynamic model predicts IgA nephropathy prognosis based on deep learning.

Longitudinal clinical data and deep learning improve predictive accuracy and interpretability in GN.

Background

Accurately predicting kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy is crucial for clinical decision making. Insufficient use of longitudinal data in previous studies has limited the accuracy and interpretability of prediction models for failing to reflect the chronic nature of IgA nephropathy. The aim of this study was to establish a multivariable dynamic deep learning model using comprehensive longitudinal data for the prediction of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study of 2056 patients with IgA nephropathy from 18 kidney centers, a total of 28,317 data points were collected by the sliding window method. Among them, 15,462 windows in a single center were randomly assigned to training (80%) and validation (20%) sets and 8797 windows in 18 kidney centers were assigned to an independent test set. Interpretable multivariable long short-term memory, a deep learning model, was implemented to predict kidney outcomes (kidney failure or 50% decline in kidney function) based on time-invariant variables measured at biopsy and time-variant variables measured during follow-up. Risk performance was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and C-statistic. Trajectory analysis was performed to assess the various trends of clinical variables during follow-up.

Results

The model achieved a higher C-statistic (0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95) on the test set than the machine learning prediction model that we developed in a previous study using only baseline information (C-statistic, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.88). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that groups with lower predicted risks from the full model survived longer than groups with higher risks. Time-variant variables demonstrated higher importance scores than time-invariant variables. Within time-variant variables, more recent measurements showed higher importance scores. Further interpretation showed that certain trajectory groups of time-variant variables such as serum creatinine and urine protein were associated with elevated risks of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

In IgA nephropathy, a deep learning model can be used to accurately and dynamically predict kidney prognosis based on longitudinal data, and time-variant variables show strong ability to predict kidney outcomes.