bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on oxidative stress and serum levels of lipids, insulin and hs-CRP in adult patients with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Asgary Sedigheh , Soltani Rasool , Zolghadr Mohsen , Keshvari Mahtab , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: March 2016

Background: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant with antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of roselle calyces on the serum levels of lipids and insulin, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: Forty adult patients with MetS were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of H. sabdariffa calyx powder or placebo once daily for 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and BMI (body mass index) as well as fasting serum levels of glucose (FPG; fasting plasma glucose), insulin, lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined pre- and post-intervention and compared.

Results: H. sabdariffa significantly reduced serum TG (p=0.044) and SBP (p=0.049) compared to placebo. All other variables were not significantly affected by the interventions.

Conclusions: Daily consumption of 500 mg of H. sabdariffa L. calyx powder can decrease SBP and serum TG in MetS patients.
Correlation of intrapartum translabial ultrasound parameters with computed tomographic 3D reconstruction of the female pelvis
Authors: Armbrust Robert , Henrich Wolfgang , Hinkson Larry , Grieser Christian , Siedentopf Jan-Peter
Published: March 2016

Intrapartum translabial ultrasound [ITU] can be an objective, reproducible and more reliable method than digital vaginal examination when evaluating fetal head position and station in prolonged second stage of labor. However, two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is not sufficient to demonstrate the ischial spines and other important “landmarks” of the female pelvis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the distance of the interspinous plane as a parallel line to the infrapubic line in 2D ITU with the help of 3D computed tomography and digital reconstruction.

Mean distance between the infrapubic plane and the tip of the ischiadic spine was 32.35 (±4.46) mm. The mean height was 166 (±7) cm; the mean weight was 67.5 (±18.4) kg. Body height and the measured distance were significantly correlated (P=0.025; correlation coefficient of 0.5), whereas body weight was not (P=0.37; correlation coefficient of –0.214).

With the present results, clinicians were enabled to transfer the reproducible measurements of the “head station” by ITU to the widespread but observer-depending vaginal examination. Furthermore, ITU can be verified as an objective method in comparison to subjective palpation with the ability to optimize the evaluation of the head station according to bony structures as landmarks in a standardized application.
Crystal structure of 2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one, C16H13NO2S
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A.
Published: March 2016

C16H13NO2S, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.0873(4) Å, b = 12.7820(7) Å, c = 13.5574(7) Å, α = 74.880(2)°, β = 75.421(2)°, γ = 76.391(2)°, V = 1287.61(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1075, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 3-iodo-5-methoxy-7-(methoxymethoxy)-4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one, C19H17IO7
Authors: Wang Shuang-Yan , Wei Qun
Published: March 2016

C19H17IO7, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.2343(19) Å, b = 10.218(2) Å, c = 10.4199(18) Å, α = 72.629(8)°, β = 74.494(7)°, γ = 86.610(9)°, V = 903.9(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0289, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0670, T = 109 K.
Interpretation at the Controller’s Edge: Designing Graphical User Interfaces for the Digital Publication of the Excavations at Gabii (Italy)
Authors: Opitz Rachel S. , Johnson Tyler D.
Published: March 2016

This paper discusses the authors’ approach to designing an interface for the Gabii Project’s digital volumes that attempts to fuse elements of traditional synthetic publications and site reports with rich digital datasets. Archaeology, and classical archaeology in particular, has long engaged with questions of the formation and lived experience of towns and cities. Such studies might draw on evidence of local topography, the arrangement of the built environment, and the placement of architectural details, monuments and inscriptions (e.g. Johnson and Millett 2012). Fundamental to the continued development of these studies is the growing body of evidence emerging from new excavations. Digital techniques for recording evidence “on the ground,” notably SFM (structure from motion aka close range photogrammetry) for the creation of detailed 3D models and for scene-level modeling in 3D have advanced rapidly in recent years. These parallel developments have opened the door for approaches to the study of the creation and experience of urban space driven by a combination of scene-level reconstruction models (van Roode et al. 2012, Paliou et al. 2011, Paliou 2013) explicitly combined with detailed SFM or scanning based 3D models representing stratigraphic evidence. It is essential to understand the subtle but crucial impact of the design of the user interface on the interpretation of these models. In this paper we focus on the impact of design choices for the user interface, and make connections between design choices and the broader discourse in archaeological theory surrounding the practice of the creation and consumption of archaeological knowledge. As a case in point we take the prototype interface being developed within the Gabii Project for the publication of the Tincu House. In discussing our own evolving practices in engagement with the archaeological record created at Gabii, we highlight some of the challenges of undertaking theoretically-situated user interface design, and their implications for the publication and study of archaeological materials.
Influence of processing conditions on heat sealing behavior and resultant heat seal strength for peelable heat sealing of multilayered polyethylene films
Authors: Iwasaki Toshiharu , Takarada Wataru , Kikutani Takeshi
Published: March 2016

The effects of processing conditions for peelable heat sealing of multilayered polyethylene (PE) films on heat sealing behavior and heat seal strength were investigated. Two sets of seal bars, knurled shape and flat shape, were used for heat sealing. After the heat sealing, the sealed portion was cooled using a set of cooling bars. Heat sealing temperature was adjusted to yield the heat seal strength of 4.0 N/15 mm, 6.0 N/15 mm and 8.0 N/15 mm at the heat sealing pressure of 0.4 MPa for each set of heat sealing bars. The heat seal strength increased with the increase of heat sealing pressure for the knurled shape bars, while it was less affected by heat sealing pressure for the flat shape bars. In situ measurements of the sealing bar clearance and interface temperature revealed that the reduction speed of clearance was significantly affected by the pressure for knurled shape bars, while it was almost independent of pressure for flat shape bars. Even though the temperatures set for the similar heat seal strength were different between knurled and flat shape bars, the maximum temperatures at the interface were almost identical. The effect of the shape of seal bars on heat seal strength became less significant after the sterilization process.
Influence of process parameters on property of PP/EPDM blends prepared by a novel vane extruder
Authors: Zou Wei , Chen Rong-yuan , Wu Chengran , Qu Jin-ping
Published: March 2016

In this study, thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) were prepared via direct melt blending in a novel vane extruder. The influence of processing temperature and rotor speed on the degree of cross-linking of the EPDM phase, the tensile properties, the melting behavior and the crystallization morphology of PP/EPDM blends was investigated. It was observed that the volume fraction (Vr) of the vulcanizate arriving swelling equilibrium reached the maximum value when the processing temperature was 190°C. The tensile properties showed better performance at 195°C, at which the PP/EPDM blend obtained good dispersive mixing performance. Moreover, the Vr of the vulcanizate arriving swelling equilibrium reached the maximum value when the rotor speed was 60 rpm, at which the dispersive mixing performance and tensile properties of the PP/EPDM blend were better.
Diabetes in Native Americans: elevated risk as a result of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Authors: Aminov Zafar , Haase Richard , Carpenter David O.
Published: March 2016

We have studied rates of diabetes in 601 members of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, ages 18–84 years, in relation to serum concentrations of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex]. Diabetes was determined from either a diagnosis by a physician or by having a fasting glucose concentration of >125 mg/dL. Rates of diabetes are high in this community. Three models were used. In the first model rate ratios (RR) were determined for quartiles of total PCBs after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total serum lipids. For total PCBs RR=2.21 (1.2–4.2), while for total pesticides RR=3.75 (1.3–10.7). When the total PCB results were also adjusted for total pesticides and the total pesticide results were also adjusted for total PCBs (Model 2) the RRs were somewhat reduced. In Model 3 we considered subgroups of PCBs based on numbers of chlorines on the molecule (tri-/tetra, penta-/hexa, hepta plus) and numbers of ortho chlorines (non-/mono; di-, tri-/tetra-), and considered each of the pesticides individually after adjustment for all other contaminants as well as age, sex, BMI and serum lipids. We found a highly significant association between diabetes and PCBs with only three or four chlorines (RR=5.02), but no significant association with those with greater chlorination. When evaluating PCBs based on numbers of ortho chlorines only, those with no or one ortho chlorine showed significant associations. As mono-ortho PCBs include some with dioxin-like activity, we compared those with and without a TEF, and found that the association with diabetes was exclusively with the non-dioxin-like congeners. Of the pesticides only hexachlorobenzene showed a small but significant association with diabetes. Because lower chlorinated PCBs are more volatile and do not greatly accumulate in fish, these results suggest that inhalation is the major route of exposure to those PCBs that increase risk of diabetes.
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) personal exposure evaluation on mechanics and administrative officers at the motor vehicle testing center at Pulo Gadung, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Rizky Zuly Prima , Yolla Patricia Bebby , Ramdhan Doni Hikmat
Published: March 2016

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in both the short and long term has been known to cause deaths and health effects, especially related to the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Based on this information, researchers conducted this study at a motor vehicle testing center unit at Pulo Gadung, in Jarkarta, to determine the concentration of PM2.5 that workers were exposed to. The major source of PM2.5 in this area is from the exhaust of gas emissions from motor vehicles, which is one of the largest contributors to the levels of PM in urban areas. Ten mechanics were picked from 16 mechanics that work in this station. Four administration workers from different posts were also picked to participate. The researcher conducted the PM2.5 personal exposure measurement during weekdays from 6 to 14 April 2015 (2 workers/day). This research was conducted to measure the particle number concentration with size <2.5 μm. The average personal exposure concentrations of PM2.5 in the study period received by the group of mechanics amounted to 149.01 μm/m3 while the administrative officer group that consisted of four administrative workers were exposed to an average of 103.28 μm/m3. Once converted and compared with the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines, the PM2.5 exposure of the mechanics and administrative officers exceeded the recommended exposure (25 μm/m3).
E-waste issues in Sri Lanka and the Basel Convention
Authors: Suraweera Inoka
Published: March 2016

E-waste is hazardous, complex and expensive to treat in an environmentally sound manner. The management of e-waste is considered a serious challenge in both developed and developing countries and Sri Lanka is no exception. Due to significant growth in the economy and investments and other reasons the consumption of electronic and electrical equipment in Sri Lanka has increased over the years resulting in significant generation of e-waste. Several initiatives such as introduction of hazardous waste management rules, ratification of the Basel Convention in 1992 and the introduction of a National Corporate E-waste Management Program have been undertaken in Sri Lanka to manage e-waste. Strengthening policy and legislation, introducing methods for upstream reduction of e-waste, building capacity of relevant officers, awareness raising among school children and the general public and development of an e-waste information system are vital. Research on e-waste needs to be developed in Sri Lanka. The health sector could play a leading role in the provision of occupational health and safety for e-waste workers, advocacy, capacity building of relevant staff and raising awareness among the general public about e-waste. Improper e-waste management practices carried out by informal sector workers need to be addressed urgently in Sri Lanka.
Sustainable development through a gendered lens: climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
Authors: Lewis Nancy D.
Published: March 2016

The UN General Assembly has just adopted the post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda articulated in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Achieving the SDGs will be furthered by the closer integration of the climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas. Gender provides us a valuable portal for considering this integration. Acknowledging that gender relaters to both women and men and that men and women experience climate variability and disasters differently, in this paper the role of women in both CCA and DRR is explored, shifting the focus from women as vulnerable victims to women as critical agents for change with respect to climate change mitigation and adaptation and reduction of disaster risks. Appropriately targeted interventions can also empower women and contribute to more just and inclusive sustainable development.
CALUX bioassay: a cost-effective rapid screening technique for screening dioxins like compounds
Authors: Sakthivel Selvaraj , Balasubramanian Prithiviraj , Nakamura Masafumi , Ko Shunkei , Chakraborty Paromita
Published: March 2016

Xenobiotic detection systems-chemically activated luciferase expression (XDS-CALUX) bioassay in determining the toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs from contaminated sites reported in several papers has been discussed in this study. CALUX bioassay method has been validated by an effective combined column clean-up system followed by addition of samples to monolayer cell cultures of H1L6.1c3 cell line in 96 well plates. Cultures are then examined under microscope after 24 h incubation followed by rinsing with 75 μL phosphate buffer saline and 30 μL of cell culture lysis. The response is observed in the luminometer and expressed in relative light unit (RLUs). CALUX-TEQ is estimated from a TCDD standard curve for unknown samples. Quality control in CALUX is done by selecting the range of CALUX values falling in the center of the linear standard curve. For developing nations CALUX biossay can be used as a cost effective and rapid screening technique for screening xenobiotic compounds from the hotspots like open solid waste burning sites, informal e-waste recycling workshops and industrial zones where constant monitoring for such compounds is required.
Interrelations between cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: behavioral and neural studies
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed A. , Chakravarthy Srinivasa , Phillips Joseph R. , Crouse Jacob J. , Gupta Ankur , Frank Michael J. , Hall Julie M. , Jahanshahi Marjan
Published: March 2016

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other motor deficits, including gait disturbance, speech deficits, and impaired handwriting. However, along with these key motor symptoms, PD patients also experience cognitive deficits in attention, executive function, working memory, and learning. Recent evidence suggests that these motor and cognitive deficits of PD are not completely dissociable, as aspects of cognitive dysfunction can impact motor performance in PD. In this article, we provide a review of behavioral and neural studies on the associations between motor symptoms and cognitive deficits in PD, specifically akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, gait, handwriting, precision grip, and speech production. This review paves the way for providing a framework for understanding how treatment of cognitive dysfunction, for example cognitive rehabilitation programs, may in turn influence the motor symptoms of PD.
Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia
Authors: Kocuvan Mijatov Marija Aja , Mičetić-Turk Dušanka
Published: March 2016

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values for a balanced diet.

Subjects/Methods

40 women with CD, aged from 23 to 76 participated in our study. Total daily intake was assessed by a three-day food diary. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Considering physical activity level (PAL) 1.4, the recommended total energy expenditure (TEE) value was determined. The data was evaluated with professional evaluation software Prodi and statistically analysed.

Results

40 participants returned the food diary. The average energy intake was significantly too low to ensure the meeting of all-day energy needs (p<0.05). The meals contained a recommended proportion of protein, but a statistically significantly higher proportion of fat (p<0.05), lower proportion of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of dietary fibre (p<0.05). Regarding macro-, micro- elements and vitamins, there was a significant lack in the intake of calcium and iodine, folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A (p<0.05), meanwhile iron intake was at the lower limit of the recommended intake, whereas zinc, potassium and vitamin K intake were significantly higher according to the recommended values, but were comparable with the intake of the general population in the Central European area.

Conclusion

Even in subjects with adequate or low daily energy intake, their meals contained too much fat, too few carbohydrates and dietary fibre as well as inorganic substances. The patients with CD should get regular nutritional monitoring and education on the quality and balance of a gluten-free diet.
Factors Influencing The Six-Month Mortality Rate In Patients With A Hip Fracture
Authors: Prodovic Tanja , Ristic Branko , Rancic Nemanja , Bukumiric Zoran , Zeljko Stepanovic , Ignjatovic-Ristic Dragana
Published: March 2016

Background

There are several potential risk factors in patients with a hip fracture for a higher rate of mortality that include: comorbid disorders, poor general health, age, male gender, poor mobility prior to injury, type of fracture, poor cognitive status, place of residence. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of potential risk factors for six-month mortality in hip fracture patients.

Methods

The study included all patients with a hip fracture older than 65 who had been admitted to the Clinic for orthopaedic surgery during one year. One hundred and ninety-two patients were included in the study.

Results

Six months after admission due to a hip fracture, 48 patients had died (6-month mortality rate was 25%). The deceased were statistically older than the patients who had survived. Univariate regression analysis indicated that six variables had a significant effect on hip fracture patients’ survival: age, mobility prior to the fracture, poor cognitive status, activity of daily living, comorbidities and the place where they had fallen. Multivariate regression modelling showed that the following factors were independently associated with mortality at 6 months post fracture: poor cognitive status, poor mobility prior to the fracture, comorbid disease.

Conclusion

Poor cognitive status appeared to be the strongest mortality predictor. The employment of brief tests for cognitive status evaluation would enable orthopaedists to have good criteria for the choice of treatment for each patient screened.
Maternal Perceptions Of And Responses To Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Rakovec-Felser Zlatka , Vidovič Lea
Published: March 2016

Background

Several researches indicate that most child victims delay disclosing of sexual abuse for significant periods of time. There are numerous reasons as to why children are avoiding the disclosure of the abuse. The aim of this study was to determine how a mother’s response to a child’s allegations impacts the child’s willingness to disclose sexual abuse.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of 73 court-referred cases of child sexual abuse which have been disclosed in Slovenia in the last ten years. All the child victims included in the study were female and the perpetrators adult male persons. The expert opinions were made by the same expert.

Results

We realized that, at the occurrence of abuse, the child victims were from 4 to 15 years old and their mean age was at 11. 5 years. About two-thirds of children were victims of the intra-familial type (61.6%) and a little more than one third of extra-familial type of sexual abuse (38.4%). The group of victims with the support of their mothers needed about 9 months to disclose the secret, while the delay of the disclosure in the cases without the support of mothers was much longer (M=6.9 years).

Conclusion

For female child victims of sexual abuse the perceived protective attitude of their mothers is very important. Especially when the sexual abuse happened in the family, the mother’s support can attribute to stop the ongoing abuse, eliminate its immediate effects and decrease its likely negative long-term outcome.
Atomic Structure Imaging in ZnSe and Mixed Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se Crystals with X-ray Fluorescence Holography
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol Maria , Dul Dawid Tadeusz , Firszt Franciszek , Marasek Agnieszka , Strzałkowski Karol , Korecki Paweł
Published: March 2016

X-ray fluorescence holograms of ZnSe and
Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se single crystals were measured by
means of a table-top laboratory setup. Holograms were recorded
simultaneously for Zn K, Se K and, in the case of the
mixed crystal, for Mn K X-ray fluorescence. Analysis of the
holograms was based on a linear regression algorithm preceded by the
matrix effects correction. It enabled the determination of real and
imaginary parts of the structure factors from which atomic structures
around different fluorescing atoms could be reconstructed. In
particular, direct imaging of Mn lattice sites in
Zn0.74Mn0.2Be0.06Se unambiguously demonstrated that
the majority of Mn atoms occupy substitutional Zn
positions. However, it was shown that the precise analysis of
Mn lattice site distribution can be hindered due to extinction
effects which have to be included in the analysis of XFH in the case
of non-centrosymmetric samples.
A Role for the GIRK3 Subunit in Methamphetamine-Induced Attenuation of GABABReceptor-Activated GIRK Currents in VTA Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Munoz Michaelanne B. , Padgett Claire L. , Rifkin Robert , Terunuma Miho , Wickman Kevin , Contet Candice , Moss Stephen J. , Slesinger Paul A.
Published: March 2016

Repeated exposure to psychostimulants induces locomotor sensitization and leads to persistent changes in the circuitry of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK; also known as Kir3) channels mediate a slow IPSC and control the excitability of DA neurons. Repeated 5 d exposure to psychostimulants decreases the size of the GABABreceptor (GABABR)-activated GIRK currents (IBaclofen) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of mice, but the mechanism underlying this plasticity is poorly understood. Here, we show that methamphetamine-dependent attenuation of GABABR-GIRK currents in VTA DA neurons required activation of both D1R-like and D2R-like receptors. The methamphetamine-dependent decrease in GABABR-GIRK currents in VTA DA neurons did not depend on a mechanism of dephosphorylation of the GABABR2 subunit found previously for other neurons in the reward pathway. Rather, the presence of the GIRK3 subunit appeared critical for the methamphetamine-dependent decrease of GABABR-GIRK current in VTA DA neurons. Together, these results highlight different regulatory mechanisms in the learning-evoked changes that occur in the VTA with repeated exposure to psychostimulants.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExposure to addictive drugs such as psychostimulants produces persistent adaptations in inhibitory circuits within the mesolimbic dopamine system, suggesting that addictive behaviors are encoded by changes in the reward neural circuitry. One form of neuroadaptation that occurs with repeated exposure to psychostimulants is a decrease in slow inhibition, mediated by a GABABreceptor and a potassium channel. Here, we examine the subcellular mechanism that links psychostimulant exposure with changes in slow inhibition and reveal that one type of potassium channel subunit is important for mediating the effect of repeated psychostimulant exposure. Dissecting out the components of drug-dependent plasticity and uncovering novel protein targets in the reward circuit may lead to the development of new therapeutics for treating addiction.
Aesthetics of Prajuritan Dance in Semarang Regency
Authors: Jazuli Muhammad
Published: March 2016

The scarcity of aesthetic study of traditional arts has evoked my intention to promote a model of aesthetic study in dance performance. The focus of this research is the aesthetics of Prajuritan dance in Semarang  regency. The aesthetics were founded on dance choreography and cultural value systems, which grow and develop in the community of Semarang regency. Dances choreography includes dance background, form, shape, theme, number and formation of dancers, moves, musical accompaniment, make-up and costume, and dance floor patterns. Cultural value systems include communicating stories, expressed symbols, function and meaning of Prajuritan dance for its supporting community. The stories were derived from the heroic tale of Prince Sambernyawa (KGPAA, king Mangkunegara I in Mangkunagaran royal palace, Surakarta) when he rebelled against the arbitrary Dutch colonialists, with his famous spell, “tiji tibeh (mukti siji mukti kabeh – being prosperous for one and all)” and Three Dharma of soldiers, namely “rumangsa melu handarbeni, melu hangrungkebi, mulat sarisa hangrasa wani, which means having sense of belonging, protection, and awareness to bravely do whatever to defend  his nation and country. Therefore, Prajuritan dance brings the mission to evoke sense of courage, discipline, and responsibility for the young generation.    
Revitalization and Socialization of Daeng Dance in Purbalingga, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Dinar
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the study is to know and depict the revitalization and socialization of Daeng dance in purbalingga, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method. The relevant techniques of data collection to the method are observation, interview, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzedusing three ways; they are data reduction, data display, conclusion and verification. The results showed that revitalizing Daeng dance occurred in its earliest performances, by means of innovating the foregoing Daeng dance without leaving its characteristics. The revitalization was done toward the dance’s motion, accompaniment, makeup, wardrobe, stage, sounds, lighting, and floor patterns, as well as there is a change in its function; as the media of spreading Islam in the past to nowadays just being an entertainment. After the process of revitalization, Daeng dance is then socialized through two ways of deployment; they are formal and informal processes. This dance’s socialization in this study occurs through direct performance and mass media. 
The Roles of The Dance Education Institute and The Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace in The Inheritance Process of Yogyakarta Classical Dance Style
Authors: Saearani Muhammad Fazli Taib Bin
Published: March 2016

This study aims to examine the roles of the Ngayogyakarta Palace, formal educational institutions, and non-formal educational institutions in the inheritance of the classical court dance of Yogyakarta or Tari Klasik Gaya Yogyakarta (TKGY). The method employed was a qualitative method through interviews and observations with a number of informants from dance institutions in Yogyakarta. Based on the interviews, a number of independent and collaborative roles among the three types of institutions under study can be identified. These roles were then placed in a theoretical framework related to the inheritance of the classical court dance of Yogyakarta (TKGY) that justifies the reasons why it can be well-inherited in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Based on this effort, it was found that each institution took a place in the attempt to support the inheritance layers (core, practical, philosophical, and developmental) causing the absence of problems in the existence of the classical court dance of Yogyakarta in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. These findings then can be used as the best practice for the inheritance efforts for classical dances in other places in the Indonesian Archipelago.
Music As An Integrated Education Tool for Preschool Students
Authors: Wadiyo W
Published: March 2016

Integrated study is considered to be important for preschool students. This study is aiming at understanding the implementation of learning music in integrated learning context in preschool education level especially kindergarten. Research methodology employed in this research was qualitative method. The subject of this study was the implementation of learning in preschool education level especially kindergartens in Semarang. This study focuses on how music or children song is used as integrated education tool by the teacher. Observation, interview and study of documentation were implemented here as the data collection technique. In addition, source triangulation technique was applied here as the validation technique, while interactive analysis was used as the data analysis technique. Results of the research show that the application of learning music process in preschool level of kindergarten school in Semarang is integrated with the other lessons. The development of its learning materials refers to the curriculum by considering the developments of the children in general. The main technique in the implementation of the learning process is by singing together. Messages of the music or song are used in order to deliver the education message according to the theme of learning.
POLA DEMOKRASI YANG DIKEMBANGKAN PENDIRI BANGSA
Authors: Hariyono Hariyono
Published: March 2016

The founding fathers have concerned with democracy since the early struggle of nation independence. They have considered that Indonesian people could not develop their justice and prosperity without democracy. Colonialism and feodalism had influenced mentality and character of Indonesian people as an inferior personality. Considering those situation, the founding fathers attempted to develop a daily democratic system which is practiced in government system. In general, there are two existing models of democracy which is developing, that are, the cultural democracy and the radical democracy. The cultural democracy model tends to develop as a gradual process and their supporters could cooperate with the colonial government. On the contrary, the radical democracy model assumed that democracy, included economic and political aspects and also their supporter, could not cooperate with the colonial government.

Keywords: The Founding Fatherâ€™s, cultural democracy and radical democracy.

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Para pendiri bangsa telah peduli dengan demokrasi sejak perjuangn awal kemerdekaan bangsa. Mereka menganggap bahwa orang Indonesia tidak bisa berkembang menuju keadilan dan kesejahteraan tanpa demokrasi. Kolonialisme dan feodalisme telah mempengaruhi mentalitas dan karakter bangsa Indonesia sebagai pribadi yang rendah. Melihat situasi tersebut para pendiri bangsa berusaha mengembangkan sistem demokrasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang dipraktikkan dalam sistem pemerintah. Secara umum, model demokrasi yang berkembang dapat dibedakan dalam dua model, yang merupakan demokrasi budaya dan demokrasi radikal. Model demokrasi budaya cenderung berkembang sebagai rangkaian proses bertahap dan pendukungnya bisa kerjasama dengan pemerintah kolonial. Sebaliknya, model demokrasi radikal berasumsi bahwa demokrasi termasuk baik aspek ekonomi dan politik dan kerjasama pendukungnya tidak bisa dengan pemerintah kolonial.

Kata kunci: pendiri bangsa, demokrasi kulrural, demokrasi radikal.

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MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN SEJARAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN INKUIRI
Authors: Putro Hery Porda Nugroho
Published: March 2016

The objectives of this research are to produce an inquiry model as a way to increase the history material comprehension and history consciousness of students in teaching and learning history. To achieve the objectives, the research was done by using the approach of research and development. In general, this research consists or three levels: (1) doing a pre-survey which identified the current condition of teaching and learning history, (2) developing a model based on the findings of pre-survey, (3) validating the model. Developing the model was done by limited experiments and unlimited experiments. The result of this research showed that that the inquiry model is effective to increase the material comprehension and history consciousness of students, it is relevant to be used in teaching and learning history, and effective to improve the performance of history teachers. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inquiry model is effective to be used to improve the quality of the process and products of teaching and learning history in junior high schools, especially in Banjarmasin City.

Key Words: a model of teaching, inquiry, history consciousness

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa model inkuiri dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman materi dan kesadaran sejarah dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan. Secara garis besar tahapan penelitian ini meliputi (1) prasurvai untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi pembelajaran sejarah yang sedang berjalan, (2) pengembangan model berdasarkan hasil prasurvai, danÂ  (3) validasi model. Pengembangan model dilaksanakan dengan uji coba terbatas dan uji coba luas. Temuan penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa model inkuiri efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi dan kesadaran sejarah siswa, relevan digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah, efektif untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model inkuiri efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses dan produk pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah menengah pertama khususnya di kota Banjarmasin.

Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran, inkuiri, kesadaran sejarah

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Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in granulosa cells during folliculogenesis
Authors: Khan Daulat Raheem , Fournier Éric , Dufort Isabelle , Richard François J , Singh Jaswant , Sirard Marc-André
Published: March 2016

Folliculogenesis involves coordinated profound changes in different follicular compartments and significant modifications of their gene expression patterns, particularly in granulosa cells. Huge datasets have accumulated from the analyses of granulosa cell transcriptomic signatures in predefined physiological contexts using different technological platforms. However, no comprehensive overview of folliculogenesis is available. This would require integration of datasets from numerous individual studies. A prerequisite for such integration would be the use of comparable platforms and experimental conditions. The EmbryoGENE program was created to study bovine granulosa cell transcriptomics under different physiological conditions using the same platform. Based on the data thus generated so far, we present here an interactive web interface called GranulosaIMAGE (Integrative Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression), which provides dynamic expression profiles of any gene of interest and all isoforms thereof in granulosa cells at different stages of folliculogenesis. GranulosaIMAGE features two kinds of expression profiles: gene expression kinetics during bovine folliculogenesis from small (6 mm) to pre-ovulatory follicles under different hormonal and physiological conditions and expression profiles of granulosa cells of dominant follicles from post-partum cows in different metabolic states. This article provides selected examples of expression patterns along with suggestions for users to access and generate their own patterns using GranulosaIMAGE. The possibility of analysing gene expression dynamics during the late stages of folliculogenesis in a mono-ovulatory species such as bovine should provide a new and enriched perspective on ovarian physiology.
Experiencias y expectativas de la Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz en materia de pago por servicios ambientales
Authors: Montero Marco
Published: March 2016

El reconocimiento monetario de los diversos servicios ambientales a sus proveedores representa un mecanismo para garantizar la continuidad de los mismos en el tiempo. Costa Rica tiene vasta experiencia en el tema de pago por servicios ambientales (PSA), y la CNFL representa una de las instituciones que ha desarrollado mecanismos de esta índole durante varios años. Los esquemas tradicionales de PSA han evolucionado a sistemas más novedosos de reconocimiento, tales como los servicios ambientales que brindan los agroecosistemas cuando se ejecutan prácticas ambientalmente sostenibles, que tienden al mejoramiento ecológico de las áreas donde se implementan. Asimismo, se comienzan a visualizar posibilidades de reconocimiento de servicios ambientales en áreas como la arborización en la ciudad, con el fin de mejorar las condiciones del ecosistema urbano. Existen aún retos importantes por resolver, uno de los cuales, quizá de los más importantes, es establecer y validar indicadores, así como métodos de evaluación y medición de los impactos reales que sobre el ambiente tienen las actividades de PSA.
La gente y las semillas
Authors: Picado Wilson
Published: March 2016

Este artículo analiza los procesos de selección y dispersión de las semillas y su importancia en el desarrollo de la agricultura en la historia. Constituye un análisis comparativo entre el surgimiento de la Revolución Neolítica y el desarrollo de la Revolución Verde. Es un estudio interpretativo.
Efecto de la precipitación en el proceso de incubación de las nidadas de tortuga lora
Authors: Brenes Óscar
Published: March 2016

Durante la temporada de anidación de la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea), entre el 11 de octubre y el 18 de noviembre de 2010, en playa Tortuga (Ojochal de Osa, Costa Rica) se monitoreó la temperatura de incubación de seis nidos trasladados a vivero de esta especie. Por medio de sensores térmicos (termocuplas) se detectó un comportamiento anormal en la temperatura de los huevos, luego de fuertes eventos de precipitación a inicios de noviembre. Se exhumó en dos partes la totalidad de los huevos para verificar la condición de las nidadas y analizar su desarrollo embrionario. Se demostró que tanto el descenso súbito de la temperatura de incubación, como la interrupción del desarrollo embrionario de las nidadas, fueron consecuencia directa de la acción de los eventos extremos de precipitación registrados.
En la frontera del conflicto socio-ambiental: el modo de vida rural y el desarrollo del turismo de sol y playa en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández Aurora , Picón Juan Carlos
Published: March 2016

El turismo en Guanacaste ha sido una de las actividades económicas con mayor crecimiento en esta región, habiendo aumentado el producto interno bruto de Costa Rica. Sin embargo, pese a sus bellezas naturales, Guanacaste ofrece limitaciones asociadas con las condiciones naturales, por ejemplo: los seis meses de período seco, las pendientes pronunciadas de algunas laderas y la importancia ecológica de las áreas de montaña y zonas costeras. Las condiciones naturales y sociales en las que se ha dado el crecimiento de esta actividad económica han ocasionado situaciones conflictivas entre comunidades y desarrolladores. En este artículo se analiza los conflictos socio-ambientales que se han producido entre las comunidades costeras y los proyectos de desarrollo turístico en los últimos 20 años en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. El análisis se basa en información hemerográfica. Como resultado, se logró sistematizar los principales conflictos que se han abierto y se han organizado en una tipología que permite apreciarlos dentro de un conjunto de temas que afectan el desarrollo en Guanacaste. 
Eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos lluviosos en Costa Rica desde la perspectiva de la adaptación al cambio en el clima
Authors: Retana José
Published: March 2016

Los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos que provocan mayores impactos por exceso de lluvias en Costa Rica son los huracanes del Caribe (efectos indirectos), los sistemas de bajas presiones y los frentes fríos. Los huracanes son los fenómenos que individualmente generan más precipitación. La mayor frecuencia de aparición es entre septiembre y noviembre y sus impactos normalmente se presentan en la vertiente del Pacífico. Los frentes fríos son los fenómenos más frecuentes. Se concentran entre diciembre y enero e impactan la Región Norte y el Caribe. Los sistemas de bajas presiones se presentan principalmente entre abril y noviembre y sus efectos se pueden sentir tanto en el Caribe como en el Pacífico. Los frentes fríos tienden a disminuir, lo que provocará escenarios más secos en el Caribe y la región Norte entre los meses de noviembre y febrero. Los sistemas de bajas presiones y huracanes del Caribe también tienden a disminuir, sin embargo la tendencia de los últimos 30 años muestra un leve aumento. Estas características de los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos debe ser base para estrategias de adaptación sectorial. 
Efecto potencial del cambio climático en la proporción de sexos del caimán en Costa Rica
Authors: Escobedo-Galván José Armando , Retana José A. , Méndez Cristina , González-Maya José
Published: March 2016

Las especies que exhiben determinación sexual ambiental son vulnerables a los cambios continuos en las condiciones ambientales. Para evaluar cómo las poblaciones silvestres de cocodrilos podrían verse afectadas por las condiciones ambientales y el cambio climático, se consideró las relaciones entre las variables climáticas y la proporción de sexos en una población -natural de caimanes, Caiman crocodilus, en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caño Negro, en el norte de Costa Rica. Se observó un sesgo en la proporción de sexos a favor de los machos para el caimán en nuestro estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que el aumento de la temperatura y la disminución de la precipitación asociada con eventos climáticos de El Niño podrían explicar parte del sesgo. Específicamente, se encontró evidencia de que el aumento de la temperatura mínima del aire produce aumento de la temperatura de incubación, lo que podría favorecer la producción y la supervivencia de machos sobre las hembras. Además, se reveló que la disminución de la precipitación se asocia con una mayor producción de machos. El sesgo en la proporción de sexos no parece ser explicada por otros procesos, tales como la presión de caza, que pueden ser un factor que afecta a las poblaciones de cocodrilos. Se concluye que el cambio climático previsto en esta región probablemente conducirá a un menor número de hembras reproductoras, lo que podría comprometer la viabilidad de esta población de caimanes a largo plazo.
Variación del contenido foliar de nutrimentos de Gmelina arborea en los cantones de Osa, Golfito y Corredores, Costa Rica
Authors: Avellán-Zumbado María José , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , Alvarado-Hernández Alfredo , Ávila-Arias Carlos
Published: March 2016

Se evaluó la variación de la concentración de los nutrimentos foliares en 12 plantaciones de G. arborea (melina) con edades de 1-12 años, de los cantones de Osa, Golfito y Corredores en Costa Rica. Se realizó un muestreo foliar de la copa superior externa, superior interna, media externa y copa media interna, en la época lluviosa y seca. Se seleccionaron 45 árboles dominantes (2 árboles por época por edad). A cada muestra se le realizó un análisis químico completo y aluminio. Se obtuvieron variaciones en las concentraciones foliares debidas a la época de muestreo, y resultó mayor el N (2,99%), K (1,14%), Fe (91 mg kg-1) y Al (53 mg kg-1) en la época lluviosa, y Ca (1,42%) y Mn (95 mg kg-1) en la seca. Las concentraciones no variaron según la posición de las hojas en la copa, a excepción del Ca, que presentó mayores concentraciones en la copa media interna (1,40%) respecto a la superior externa (1,02%). La edad causó variaciones en Ca, K, B y Fe. Se estableció un protocolo de muestreo foliar y se determinaron los rangos de concentración foliar de macro y micronutrimentos para la especie en la Zona Sur de Costa Rica.
Selección de clones superiores de dos conjuntos genéticos de Gmelina arborea en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Ávila-Arias Carlos , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , Murillo-Gamboa Olmán
Published: March 2016

Gmelina arborea se ha convertido en una opción muy significativa para garantizar el abastecimiento de materia prima para la industria forestal, principalmente por su rápida tasa de crecimiento, fácil establecimiento, alta productividad, amplio rango de tolerancia a condiciones de sitio y excelente capacidad de rebrote. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo seleccionar los clones que registraron un desempeño superior para un sitio clase I y otro clase III para producción de melina (finca Puntarenas y finca La Amapola, respectivamente), provenientes de dos conjuntos genéticos (zona norte y zona sur). La selección se basó en las variables: volumen comercial, calidad y volumen comercial de calidad, mediante la determinación del porcentaje de ganancia o pérdida en el desempeño de cada clon comparado con la media poblacional. Para sitios clase I se seleccionaron los clones 11 y 22 de zona norte y 17 y 12 de zona sur para continuar con el mejoramiento genético; además de los anteriores, el clon 16 de zona norte y 16, 13, 7, 23 y 21 de zona sur, para proyectos de reforestación comercial. Para sitios clase III se identificó el clon 5 de zona norte para continuar en un programa de mejoramiento genético; además los clones 5, 16 y 1 de zona norte y 17, 20, 19 y 21 de zona sur para proyectos de reforestación comercial. Los restantes clones de ambas procedencias deberían eliminarse del proceso productivo y guardarse en bancos de germoplasma para objetivos futuros. 