bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective Shifts in Marketing: Toward a Paradigm Change?
Authors: Golinelli Gaetano M. , Barile Sergio , Saviano Marialuisa , Polese Francesco
Published: June 2012

The aim of this contribution is to discuss the evolution of marketing, arguing whether it is accomplishing a paradigm change. Starting from previous definitions of paradigm, we adopt the viable systems approach (vSa) as a general interpretation key useful for interpreting the evolution of marketing over the last few decades. Through the lens of the vSa structure-system approach, which suggests distinguishing between a structure-based view and a systems-based view, we discuss the contribution of the most relevant theoretical and practical proposals to marketing theory advances in the last few decades, recognizing their scientific positioning and the theoretical connections linking them within a whole framework. The evolutionary pathway traced by the different marketing theoretical and practical approaches defines a series of phase passages characterized by progressive shifts in perspective that have led researchers to focus first on goods, then on relationship, and, more recently, on service as a general rule of market exchange. Well known as a shift from a goods-dominant to a service-dominant logic, this passage, started thanks to the relationship marketing proposal, reflects, from a vSa perspective, a wider evolution from a reductionist toward a systems view that seems to lead to a service-based systems view of market exchange.
Septic arthritis of the knee: the use and effect of antibiotics prior to diagnostic aspiration
Authors: Hindle P , Davidson E , Biant LC
Published: June 2012

Septic arthritis of the native knee joint and total knee arthroplasty both cause diagnostic and treatment issues. There is no gold standard test to diagnose a joint infection and the use of joint aspiration is commonly relied on. It is widely accepted by orthopaedic surgeons that antibiotics should be withheld until aspiration has been performed to increase the odds of identifying an organism. Patients often present to other specialties that may not be as familiar with these principles.

Our study found that 25 (51%) of the 49 patients treated for septic arthritis of the native or prosthetic knee in our unit over a 3-year period had received antibiotics prior to discussion or review by the on-call orthopaedic service. Patients were significantly less likely to demonstrate an organism on initial microscopy (entire cohort: p=0.001, native knees: p=0.006, prosthetic knees: p=0.033) or on subsequent culture (entire cohort: p=0.001, native knees: p=0.017, prosthetic knees: p=0.012) of their aspirate if they had received antibiotics. The sensitivity of microscopy in all patients dropped from 58% to 12% when patients had received antibiotics (native knees: 46% to 0%, prosthetic knees: 72% to 27%). The sensitivity of the culture dropped from 79% to 28% in all patients when the patient had received antibiotics (native knees: 69% to 21%, prosthetic knees: 91% to 36%).

This study demonstrated how the management of patients with suspected cases of septic arthritis of the knee may be compromised by empirical administration of antibiotics. These patients were significantly less likely to demonstrate an organism on microscopy and culture of their initial aspirate. There is a significant high false negative rate associated with knee aspiration with prior administration of antibiotic therapy.
Predicting postoperative urinary retention after lower limb arthroplasty
Authors: Kieffer WKM , Kane TPC
Published: June 2012

A simple scoring system that enables surgeons to make an estimation of the likelihood of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in patients undergoing lower limb total joint replacement would be a useful one. This would enable selection of high risk patients who merit pre-operative catheterisation in a clean theatre environment rather than risking urinary retention and its associated complications late at night on the ward by junior, inexperienced staff.

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is such a scoring system and we assessed its reliability in predicting those male patients likely to go into POUR. We selected all male patients undergoing lower limb total joint arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia and calculated their IPSS. We found a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of POUR as IPSS rises (p=0.0002). We concluded that the IPSS is a quick and easy method of predicting those at risk of POUR, allowing them to be catheterised prophylactically, preventing possible complications.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator–Modifying Medications: The Future of Cystic Fibrosis Treatment
Authors: Pettit Rebecca S
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To review and evaluate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF).

DATA SOURCES:

Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1977-January 2012), the Cochrane Library, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts(1977-March 2012). Search terms included ivacaftor, VX-770, VX-809, ataluren, PTC 124, CFTR modulator, and cystic fibrosis.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated for inclusion. Clinical trials and relevant review articles were evaluated for each CFTR modulator.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

CF is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes for the CFTR protein; mutations can be separated into 5 different classes. Ivacaftor is a new CFTR potentiator that helps the CFTR channel open properly in patients with the CFTR mutation, G551D. Patients in one study had significant decreases in sweat chloride values and increases in pulmonary function tests. Ivacaftor was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be taken orally at a dose of 150 mg twice a day in G551D CF patients older than 6 years. Additional studies are investigating the use of ivacaftor in other gating mutations and in younger patients. VX-809 is a CFTR corrector that modulates the folding and trafficking of CFTR. VX-809 was originally studied alone in patients with F508del mutation but is now being used in combination with ivacaftor in Phase 2 studies. Ataluren allows the read through of premature stop codons, and studies in patients with CF with nonsense mutations show an increase in chloride transportation. Ataluren requires 3 times a day dosing and is currently in a Phase 3 placebo-controlled study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Three new agents, ivacaftor, VX-809, and ataluren, target the basic defects in CFTR production. Ivacaftor was recently FDA approved, while the other 2 agents are still in clinical trials. Patients with CF will benefit from personalized medicine based on their specific genotype.
Names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 114 and 116 (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)
Authors: Loss Robert D. , Corish John
Published: June 2012

A joint IUPAC/IUPAP Working Party (JWP) has confirmed the discovery of the elements with atomic numbers 114 and 116. In accordance with IUPAC procedures, the discoverers proposed names as follows: flerovium with the symbol Fl for the element withZ= 114 and livermorium with the symbol Lv for the element withZ= 116. The IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division recommended these proposals for acceptance, and they were adopted on 23 May 2012 by the IUPAC Bureau as delegated to act by the IUPAC Council meeting on 3–4 August 2011.
Third way architecture: Between cybernetics and phenomenology
Authors: Murrani Sana
Published: June 2012

This article in its essence aims to challenge and unfold, each at a time, two different fields of methodology – cybernetics and phenomenology – that have direct effects on the product of being and the process of becoming in architectural discourse. Furthermore, this article
suggests a third way philosophy for architecture that relates notions of post-phenomenology and technoscience, and considers both to be equally vital to development and speculation within current architectural discourse. First, the history of each of the two fields – cybernetics and
phenomenology – will be unveiled with a focus on exploring their impact upon architecture in particular and diverse fields such as other art disciplines, computer science and psychology. Second, a critique of the historic rivalry between pioneers in each of the two fields will be unpacked
through their errors and limits. Third, the article will discuss attempts at converging the two fields in order to address the relationship of notions of humanism, machinism and technology. Finally, a declaration of the characteristics of such a convergence that will lead to a third way philosophy
for architectural discourse will be asserted.
Detection of frequent ABCB1 polymorphisms by high-resolution melting curve analysis and their effect on breast carcinoma prognosis
Authors: Vaclavikova Radka , Ehrlichova Marie , Hlavata Ivona , Pecha Vaclav , Kozevnikovova Renata , Trnkova Marketa , Adamek Jan , Edvardsen Hege , Kristensen Vessela N. , Gut Ivan , Soucek Pavel
Published: June 2012

Background: The ABCB1 gene encodes P-glycoprotein implicated in the development of cellular drug resistance. The aim of this study was to develop high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for determination of ABCB1 polymorphisms and evaluate their associations with clinical data of breast carcinoma patients.

Methods: HRM analysis was designed to assess five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1 (rs2214102, rs1128503, rs2032582, rs2032583 and rs1045642) in genomic DNA from 103 breast carcinoma patients. Results were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing.

Results: HRM analysis revealed distinct patterns of melting curves for the respective genotypes of all followed SNPs. Sensitivity of HRM analysis compared with direct DNA sequencing was superior (97.1% vs. 93.9%). The overall accuracy of HRM was 97.6%. The coefficients of variation in replicate experiments encompassed the range 0.002%–0.038%. On the basis of the examined SNPs, one strong haplotype block containing rs2032582 and rs1128503 SNPs was identified. Significant associations of rs2032582 SNP with tumor size, negative HER-2/neu status, and family history of breast carcinoma were found. Patients carrying the ancestral homozygous genotype (GG) in rs2214102 had significantly worse progression-free survival in comparison with carriers of the non-ancestral allele (A) in the adjuvant set (p=0.005).

Conclusions: A rapid, accurate, low-cost and time-effective method for screening ABCB1 SNPs was developed. Significant associations of ABCB1 rs2032582 and rs2214102 SNPs with prognostic factors and survival of patients were found.
A Note on Wet Paper Web Adhesion Strength
Authors: Edvardsson S. , Gradin P. A. , Isaksson P. , Gulliksson M.
Published: June 2012

This work is concerned with the determination of the adhesion strength between a paper web and an adhesive surface. Edvardsson et al. [Edvardsson, S., Gradin, P., and Isaksson, P., “On Dissipative Effects of Paper Web Adhesion Strength,” Int. J. Solids Struct., Vol. 48(1), 2011, pp. 24–30] suggested recently a model that takes into account the energy dissipation caused by elastic–plastic deformation in the bent structure of a paper specimen. This model is further developed and investigated in the present work. A linear relation in plastic dissipation is discovered facilitating a novel analysis of the peeling tension and a more convenient determination of the proper adhesion strength. Industrial relevant examples are made with wet newsprint and kraft stock. A straightforward experimental procedure for determining the consistent adhesion strength is suggested. It is found that the agreement between the model and the experimental observations is good.
Measurement of Creep-induced Change of Dynamic Stiffness of Resilient Materials Used for Impact Sound Isolation in Floating Floors
Authors: Cho Tongjun
Published: June 2012

The creep-induced change of the dynamic stiffness of resilient materials used in vibration isolation systems in floating floors is an important issue, especially with regard to the use of open cell resilient materials, because the change in the dynamic stiffness is a key factor in the performance of vibration isolators, and open cell materials are vulnerable to creep deformation. This study proposes a method for measuring the creep-induced change of the dynamic stiffness that employs quasi-static mechanical analysis under the assumption that the creep-induced change of the mechanical structure of the resilient material is independent of time and stress. The pre-creep dynamic properties of a sample resilient layer measured with a method very similar to the one recommended in ISO 9052–1 are compared with the data measured with the proposed method, and the results illustrate the consistency in the data measured with the two methods. A proposed creep test is performed for a sample resilient layer including open cell material used for a floating floor, and the change in the dynamic stiffness due to creep deformation is assessed by combining the proposed method and the creep test data. The study indicates that the proposed method is able to assess the creep-induced change of the dynamic stiffness and could be useful for the design of vibration isolation systems in long-term use.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Small Strain Viscoelastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Underwood B. Shane , Kim Y. Richard
Published: June 2012

Asphalt concrete (AC) is a heterogeneous material affected by viscoelastic and viscoplastic processes, as well as by damage and localized irregularities in the material fabric. However, under specific strain regimens, certain of these mechanisms are less active, and the constitutive relationships of the material can be modeled using simplified mechanistic principles. One simplifying assumption that is typically applied to AC for the purposes of response and performance modeling is that of linear viscoelasticity (LVE). In this paper, the behavior of AC at small strain levels, when LVE models can most accurately describe the constitutive relationship, is described. This work differs from the significant literature presented elsewhere because a more strict definition of the LVE strain regimen has been adhered to. This protocol limits the total peak-to-peak strain amplitude to 50 to 75 microstrains, the tensile strain amplitude to 37.5 microstrains, the total accumulated compressive strain to 1500 microstrains, and the total accumulated tensile strain to 150 microstrains. It is shown that when this stricter protocol is followed, AC exhibits the same fundamental characteristics whether loaded in compression, tension, or indirect tension. Evidence is also presented showing that AC, when compacted by gyratory compaction, does not show anisotropic tendencies at these strain levels. AC shows stress state and strain level dependencies that are inconsistent with rigorous LVE theory. Due to the inconsistencies between the material responses and the theory, the behavior of AC at even the small strain levels used in this research cannot be rigorously referred to as LVE. Further study is needed in order to fully assess the implications of this finding as it relates to day-to-day engineering practice and to the advanced mechanistic modeling of AC materials.
An Effective Powerful Test for Supplier Selection Evaluation with Multiple Characteristics
Authors: Pearn W. L. , Tai Y. T. , Wang C. Y.
Published: June 2012

Supplier selection in high-tech manufacturing industries has become more essential and has received considerable attention. In this paper, we consider a supplier selection problem with multiple characteristics in which we compare two-sided processes with multiple characteristics and select the better one with the higher capability. We first review an approach referred to as the division method. We then develop a new approach called the subtraction method. We compare the two methods in terms of their selection power. The results show that the proposed subtraction method is indeed more powerful than the division method. Two supplier-selection procedures are developed for practical applications. For practitioners’ convenience in applying our procedures, the various sample sizes required for designated selection powers are tabulated and discussed. For illustration purposes, a case is considered and solved for supplier selection evaluation.
The antidiabetic effect of Geigeria alata is mediated by enhanced insulin secretion, modulation of β-cell function, and improvement of antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hafizur Rahman M , Babiker Randa , Yagi Sakina , Chishti Sidra , Kabir Nurul , Choudhary M Iqbal
Published: June 2012

In Sudanese folk medicine, Geigeria alata roots have been used for the management of diabetes for a long time. However, its antidiabetic activity is unreported. In this study, G. alata methanolic extract was tested for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and β-cell modulatory effects in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. In this model of diabetic rats, the oral glucose tolerance test with G. alata extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses revealed the efficacy of the 250 mg/kg dose in improving glucose tolerance comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide. Diabetic rats were treated with a 250 mg/kg dose of G. alata extract orally for 2 h (acute) or 14 days (chronic). In the case of acute treatment, the extract lowered blood glucose levels significantly at 120 min both in nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 250 mg/kg of G. alata extract resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose level closer to that of nondiabetic rats. Interestingly, increased serum insulin, improved β-cell function, and antioxidant status were observed in G. alata-treated diabetic rats. G. alata also showed strong antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in in vitro assays. These data show direct evidence that G. alata has antidiabetic activity and suggest that the antidiabetic activity is due to enhanced insulin secretion, modulation of β-cell function, and improvement of antioxidant status.
Early Vaccinations Are Not Risk Factors for Celiac Disease
Authors: Myléus Anna , Stenlund Hans , Hernell Olle , Gothefors Leif , Hammarström Marie-Louise , Persson Lars-Åke , Ivarsson Anneli
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate if changes in the national Swedish vaccination program coincided with changes in the celiac disease (CD) incidence rate in infants (ie, the Swedish CD Epidemic), and to assess the potential association between these vaccinations and CD risk.

METHODS:

All studies were based on the National Swedish Childhood Celiac Disease Register. Using an ecological approach, we plotted changes over time in the national vaccination program in the graph displaying CD incidence rate. A population-based incident case-referent study of invited infants was performed. Exposure information was received through a questionnaire and child health clinic records. Vaccines explored were diphtheria/tetanus, pertussis (acellular), polio (inactivated), Haemophilus influenzae type b (conjugated), measles/mumps/rubella, and live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in children with increased tuberculosis risk. Findings were subjected to a birth cohort analysis.

RESULTS:

Introduction of pertussis vaccine coincided in time with decreasing CD incidence rates. In the infant case-referent study, however, neither vaccination against pertussis (odds ratio 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.60–1.4), nor against Haemophilus influenzae type b or measles/mumps/rubella was associated with CD. Coverage for the diphtheria/tetanus and polio vaccines was 99%. BCG was associated with reduced risk for CD (adjusted odds ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.94). Discontinuation of general BCG vaccination did not affect the cumulative incidence of CD at age 15 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early vaccinations within the national Swedish program were not associated with CD risk, nor could changes in the program explain the Swedish epidemic. A protective effect by BCG was suggested, which could be subject to further studies.
Child Abuse in Medical Setting Presenting as Gross Hematuria: Diagnosis by DNA Short Tandem Repeats
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Lin , Yang Ling-Yu , Chin Tai-Wai , Chen Po-Hon , Yen Hsiu-Ju , Liu Chin-Su , Wang Hsin-Hui , Chang Jei-Wen
Published: June 2012

Two sisters, aged 15 and 13 years, had previous epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney and suspected thin basement membrane disease, respectively. They presented with 2 years of gross hematuria and new-onset heavy proteinuria. Extensive investigations failed to find an overt cause of their urinary manifestations. The diagnosis of child abuse in a medical setting was confirmed by DNA short tandem repeats analysis, which are the first documented cases in which factitious hematuria was thus diagnosed. Complex forms of child abuse in a medical setting may require forensic tests such as DNA short tandem repeats analysis for diagnosis.
Socioeconomic Outcomes in Adults Malnourished in the First Year of Life: A 40-Year Study
Authors: Galler Janina R. , Bryce Cyralene , Waber Deborah P. , Zichlin Miriam L. , Fitzmaurice Garret M. , Eaglesfield David
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Lifelong functional, adaptive, and economic outcomes of moderate to severe infantile malnutrition are not well known. We assessed social status and income at midlife in a cohort of Barbadian adults, hospitalized for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) during the first year of life, with good nutrition and health thereafter, in the context of a 40-year longitudinal case-control study. We also examined to what extent childhood IQ mediated any group differences.

METHODS:

Educational achievement, occupational status, and standard of living were assessed by the Hollingshead scales and a site-specific Ecology Questionnaire in Barbadian adults (aged 37–43 years) with a history of malnutrition (n = 80) and a matched healthy control group (n = 63), classmates of the index cases. Malnutrition effects, adjusted for childhood standard of living, were estimated by longitudinal multiple regression analyses, with and without childhood IQ, in the models.

RESULTS:

PEM predicted poorer socioeconomic outcomes with medium to large effect sizes (0.50–0.94), but childhood IQ substantially attenuated the magnitude of these effects (adjusted effect sizes: 0.17–0.34). The gap in weekly household income between the PEM and control groups increased substantially over the life span (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Moderate to severe PEM during the first year of life with adequate nutrition and health care thereafter is associated with significant depression of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood, mediated in part by cognitive compromise in affected individuals. This finding underscores the potential long-term economic burden of infant malnutrition, which is of major concern given the continued high prevalence of malnutrition worldwide.
Pediatric Observation Units
Authors: Conners Gregory P. , Melzer Sanford M. ,   COMMITTEE ON HOSPITAL CARE,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Percelay Jack M. , Betts James M. , Chitkara Maribeth B. , Jewell Jennifer A. , Lye Patricia S. , Mirkinson Laura J. , Shaw Kathy N. , Ackerman Alice D. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , Dudley Nanette C. , Fein Joel A. , Fuchs Susan M. , Moore Brian R. , Selbst Steven M. , Wright Joseph L.
Published: June 2012

Pediatric observation units (OUs) are hospital areas used to provide medical evaluation and/or management for health-related conditions in children, typically for a well-defined, brief period. Pediatric OUs represent an emerging alternative site of care for selected groups of children who historically may have received their treatment in an ambulatory setting, emergency department, or hospital-based inpatient unit. This clinical report provides an overview of pediatric OUs, including the definitions and operating characteristics of different types of OUs, quality considerations and coding for observation services, and the effect of OUs on inpatient hospital utilization.
The long-term treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Herold Róbert
Published: June 2012

The long-term treatment of schizophrenia is one of the most challenging tasks for practicing physicians. The most pronounced difficulty arises from the deficient compliance due to the lack of insight. Thus the treatment of schizophrenia requires a multimodal approach, which always includes psychosocial interventions beside the pharmacological treatment. The antipsychotic medication means the cornerstone in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia within which an increasing role of the long-acting second-generation injections can be detected. The outcome of schizophrenia can be modified by adequately organized management strategies, which in turn can lead to better quality of life and social functioning. If patients are provided with timely initiated effective medication and rehabilitation, then enduring remission can be a realistically achievable goal for the patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1007–1012.
DNA damage in children and adolescents with cardiovascular disease risk factors
Authors: Kliemann Mariele , Prá Daniel , Müller Luiza L. , Hermes Liziane , Horta Jorge A. , Reckziegel Miriam B. , Burgos Miria S. , Maluf Sharbel W. , Franke Silvia I.R. , Silva Juliana da
Published: June 2012

The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is related to lifestyle (e.g. diet, physical activity and smoking) as well as to genetic factors. This study aimed at evaluating the association between CVD risk factors and DNA damage levels in children and adolescents. Anthropometry, diet and serum CVD risk factors were evaluated by standard procedures. DNA damage levels were accessed by the comet assay (Single cell gel electrophoresis; SCGE) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assays in leukocytes. A total of 34 children and adolescents selected from a population sample were divided into three groups according to their level of CVD risk. Moderate and high CVD risk subjects showed significantly higher body fat and serum CVD risk markers than low risk subjects (P<0.05). High risk subjects also showed a significant increase in DNA damage, which was higher than that provided by low and moderate risk subjects according to SCGE, but not according to the CBMN assay. Vitamin C intake was inversely correlated with DNA damage by SCGE, and micronucleus (MN) was inversely correlated with folate intake. The present results indicate an increase in DNA damage that may be a consequence of oxidative stress in young individuals with risk factors for CVD, indicating that the DNA damage level can aid in evaluating the risk of CVD.
Protocolo de assistência de enfermagem ao paciente em pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Felix Lidiany Galdino , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da
Published: June 2012

Estudo do tipo metodológico e de inovação tecnológica, que objetivou construir um protocolo de assistência de enfermagem para o paciente em pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica. O modelo de assistência proposto fundamentou-se na Teoria Geral do Autocuidado de Orem e foi organizado a partir dos requisitos de autocuidado (universais, de desenvolvimento e de desvios de saúde). Para cada requisito, são apresentados os diagnósticos de enfermagem, os resultados esperados e as intervenções de enfermagem, identificados em pesquisa envolvendo 31 clientes portadores de obesidade mórbida, assistidos no Ambulatório de Gastroenterologia de um hospital universitário, no período de abril a junho de 2009. Considera-se o desenvolvimento do protocolo um importante recurso para instrumentalizar as orientações prestadas pelos enfermeiros ao paciente bariátrico, visando ao autocuidado, além de dar subsídios para sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem a ser prestada.
Aspectos cronobiológicos do sono de enfermeiras de um hospital universitário
Authors: Xavier Karine Gracinda da Silva , Vaghetti Helena Heidtmann
Published: June 2012

Objetivou-se identificar o cronotipo das enfermeiras da manhã e noite de um hospital universitário, verificar como o trabalho nestes turnos influencia seu sono e correlacionar os cronotipos com influências que o sono produz no trabalho e fora dele. Participaram 15 enfermeiras que responderam ao questionário de Horne & Ostberg e à entrevista semiestruturada entre março e julho de 2010. Os dados dos questionários foram organizados em planilhas e os das entrevistas analisados pela Análise Temática. Os resultados apontam cinco enfermeiras moderadamente matutinas, quatro indiferentes, duas moderadamente vespertinas, três definitivamente vespertinas e uma definitivamente matutina. Mostram que o trabalho em turnos faz com que as entrevistadas desenvolvam hábitos alimentares e de sono, peculiares. Conclui-se que o perfil cronobiológico das enfermeiras não traduz suas subjetividades na relação do sono com turnos de trabalho; enfermeiras da noite apresentam maiores disfunções no ciclo sono-vigília, tais disfunções repercutem igualmente no cotidiano das enfermeiras de ambos os turnos.
Educação em saúde: repercussões no crescimento e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor do recém-nascido
Authors: Marcacine Karla Oliveira , Orati Priscila Lopes , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena
Published: June 2012

O período pós-parto caracteriza-se por grandes transformações físicas e emocionais, em que puérperas e familiares muitas vezes experimentam sentimentos e emoções ambivalentes e conflitantes, gerando necessidade de orientação e apoio profissional. Assim, buscou-se avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre educação em saúde por parte da equipe de enfermagem para puérpera e familiares sobre cuidados com o recém-nascido, que reflita em seu adequado crescimento e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura que resultou na análise de sete artigos. Ficou evidente a necessidade de incentivo à participação do núcleo familiar na construção do cuidado à criança potencializando o sucesso dos resultados das ações em saúde, uma vez que proporciona a este núcleo autonomia e confiança em seus atos.
Temas abordados na consulta de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Sherida Karanini Paz de , Queiroz Ana Paula Oliveira , Matos Diliane Paiva de Melo , Moura Alline Falconieri de , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira
Published: June 2012

O estudo objetivou analisar os aspectos abordados da consulta de enfermagem (CE) nas publicações científicas. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura disponível nos bancos de dados: LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL e COCHRANE. Foram selecionados 31 artigos que obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão. Os temas mais abordados acerca da CE foram: fatores intervenientes da CE, tempo e custo das consultas, avaliação dos registros de Enfermagem, uso de roteiros de entrevista, comunicação, sistematização da assistência de Enfermagem, significado e importância da CE para promoção da saúde. Conclui-se que diversos aspectos da consulta de Enfermagem estão sendo abordados nos artigos analisados. Contudo, são necessários estudos que comprovem sua eficácia.
Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument
Authors: Bastos João Luiz , Faerstein Eduardo , Celeste Roger Keller , Barros Aluisio J D
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE: To develop an instrument to assess discrimination effects on health outcomes and behaviors, capable of distinguishing harmful differential treatment effects from their interpretation as discriminatory events. METHODS: Successive versions of an instrument were developed based on a systematic review of instruments assessing racial discrimination, focus groups and review by a panel comprising seven experts. The instrument was refined using cognitive interviews and pilot-testing. The final version of the instrument was administered to 424 undergraduate college students in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. Structural dimensionality, two types of reliability and construct validity were analyzed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis corroborated the hypothesis of the instrument's unidimensionality, and seven experts verified its face and content validity. The internal consistency was 0.8, and test-retest reliability was higher than 0.5 for 14 out of 18 items. The overall score was higher among socially disadvantaged individuals and correlated with adverse health behaviors/conditions, particularly when differential treatments were attributed to discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the validity and reliability of the instrument developed. The proposed instrument enables the investigation of novel aspects of the relationship between discrimination and health.
Uso de material didático sobre embriologia do sistema nervoso: avaliação dos estudantes
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Sampaio de , Kerbauy Mariana Nassif , Ferreira Camila Nassif Martins , Schiavão Lucas José Vaz , Andrade Rodrigo Franzoso Almeida de , Spadella Maria Angélica
Published: June 2012

A Embriologia Humana é de extrema importância na formação de profissionais de saúde, porém seu estudo, muitas vezes, é considerado desestimulante, decorativo e sem significado prático para muitos estudantes, tornando-se pouco efetivo. Este trabalho objetivou produzir material didático interativo com modelos embrionários representativos do desenvolvimento embrionário do sistema nervoso. Para avaliar de forma qualitativa a real efetividade e capacidade de facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem no contexto da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, o material foi aplicado aos estudantes da primeira série de Medicina e Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Os estudantes consideraram que o material contribuiu para o entendimento do tema e facilitou a visualização dos eventos embrionários, além de despertar o interesse pelo estudo da disciplina. O material serviu como recurso para sedimentar o conhecimento e suscitou nos estudantes a integração dos conhecimentos com outras disciplinas. Em termos qualitativos, a análise dos questionários dos estudantes indicou que o material didático produzido foi efetivo na aprendizagem e funcionou como recurso na aprendizagem autodirigida, favorecendo a diversificação de fontes de busca e sendo complementar a livros-texto e outros materiais teóricos.
Bioquímica como sinônimo de ensino, pesquisa e extensão: um relato de experiência
Authors: Albuquerque Manuela Alves Cavalcanti , Amorim Ângelo Henrique Cavalcanti , Rocha José Roberto Coelho Ferreira , Silveira Larissa de Melo Freire Gouveia , Neri David Fernando de Morais
Published: June 2012

Este artigo apresenta o relato de experiência de quatro discentes do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (Univasf) como monitores da disciplina de Bioquímica Metabólica, que foram assistidos pelo professor da disciplina e vivenciaram os três pilares da universidade: ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A monitoria apresentou um caráter especial, pois os monitores não só auxiliaram os estudantes que cursaram esta disciplina, como introduziram pesquisa e extensão. Na pesquisa, foram utilizados animais experimentais, tentando-se estabelecer relações com o ensino, baseando-se em revisões bibliográficas e expondo-se os resultados em um encontro idealizado pelo professor da disciplina, intitulado I Bioclínica - Mostra de Trabalhos Experimentais e de Revisão, o que caracterizou uma atividade de extensão. Este relato procura demonstrar a importância da formação acadêmica numa visão indissociável das vertentes da universidade por meio da disciplina de Bioquímica.
Avaliação de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência na cultura da cebola (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Ferreira J.C.
Published: June 2012

Foram conduzidos em áreas de agricultores do Projeto de Irrigação de Bebedouro, no município de Petrolina, PE, dois experimentos de campo, onde estudouse o comportamento de diferentes herbicidas, no controle de plantas daninhas e na tolerância da cultura da cebola transpl antada. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em um Latossolo Amarelo, fase arenosa, com baixos teores de argila e matéria orgânica. No experimento I aplicaram- se oxadiazon 1,00, pentimethalin 1,25 e napropamide 1,50 kg/ha em pré-emergência, dois dias após o transplante; oxifluorfen 0,24 e 0,48 kg/ha em pós-emergência precoce, dez dias após o transplante; oxadiazon 1,00, oxadiazon 1,00 + sulfato de amônio 5,00, bentazon 0,72, acifluorfen sódico 0,32, dinoseb acetato 1,50, sethodydim 0,23, alloxydim-sodium 1,12, diclofop -metil 0,72 e bentazon 0,72 + sethoxydim 0,23 kg/ha em pós -emergência, 14 dias após o transplante. No experimento II aplicaram-se oxadiazon 1,00, oxifluorfen 0,48 e 0,96 napropamide 1,50 e 3,00 kg/ha, aos dois dias após o transplante; oxifluorfen 0,48 e 0,96, bentazon 0,72 e 1,44, acifluorfen sódico 0,27 e 0,54, dinoseb acetato 1,50 3,00 e bentazon 0,72 + sethoxydim 0,23 kg/ha , aos 14 dias após o transplante. Em avaliações realizadas aos 20 e34 dias após o transplante da cultura, respectivamente nos experimentos I e II, constataramse altos índices de controle da comunidade daninha pelos herbicidas oxadiazon e oxifluorfen. Entre os outros tratamentos, destacaram-se o acifluorfen sódico no controle de folhas largas e sethoxydim, alloxydim, napropamide, pendi methalin e a mistura bentazon + sethoxyadim no controle de gramíneas.No experimento II, dinoseb acetato e principal mente napropamide afetaram o desenvolvimento da cultu ra e comprometeram a produtividade.
Construction of a model for corporate sustainability assessment: a case study in the textile industry
Authors: Zamcopé Fábio Cristiano , Ensslin Leonardo , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: June 2012

Due to the increasing pressure for companies to become more accountable and transparent regarding their actions, the stakeholders have been provided with information beyond the scope of company's financial performance including evidence of good corporate governance, source of raw material, the manufacturing process, and life cycle of the products. Business leaders have recognized the need to respond to these pressures by conducting operations focusing on the business success and meeting stakeholders' demands. Accordingly, in this study, a model for assessment of corporate sustainability was constructed considering the company's need to seek business longevity. Therefore, a case study was carried out in a medium sized textile industry in Paraná state adopting the Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aid - Constructivist as the intervention tool. This methodology was chosen because it makes it possible to identify a set of performance indicators that characterize the company sustainability and to measure the organization properties and its commitment to sustainability, both individually and globally. The model identified that the company's strategy should include all the criteria of the economic, social, and environmental areas demonstrating that the differences between the replacement rates are strictly small. Furthermore, the model revealed that the actions of communication with the stakeholders are of great importance and that a lot of effort is needed in terms of awareness of employees, suppliers, customers, consumers, and the community of sustainability issues.
Análise dos fatores de riscos ocupacionais do trabalho de enfermagem sob a ótica dos enfermeiros
Authors: Duarte Nei Santos , Mauro Maria Yvone C.
Published: June 2012

Estudo com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, com objetivo de identificar, na percepção dos enfermeiros chefes de unidades de internação de um hospital universitário, os riscos ocupacionais a que estão expostos. A população foi composta de 30 enfermeiros, chefes de unidade de internação. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário estruturado proposto no Guia de Avaliação de Riscos nos Locais de Trabalho de Boix e Vogel (1997), adaptado para a aplicação em estabelecimentos de saúde por Mauro (2001). Os resultados evidenciaram que os fatores de riscos atuam sobre os trabalhadores, propiciando um ambiente desfavorável para a realização das atividades, podendo comprometer a saúde e a vida profissional destes. As variáveis predominantes foram o ambiente e a manutenção preventiva inadequados e os equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva insuficientes e/ou inadequadamente utilizados pelos profissionais, constrangimentos ergonômicos pela manipulação de carga e postura corporal inadequadas na realização das tarefas, e ritmo de trabalho acelerado pela falta de recursos material e humano. Ressalta-se que a pesquisa proporcionou um diagnóstico referente aos riscos presentes nos ambientes de trabalho da enfermagem, proporcionando um modo operatório eficaz com menor risco de acidentes no processo de trabalho, ambientes menos insalubres e maior satisfação para o profissional e os clientes.
Aspectos do regime de embarque, turnos e gestão do trabalho em plataformas offshore da Bacia de Campos (RJ) e sua relação com a saúde e a segurança dos trabalhadores
Authors: Alvarez Denise , Figueiredo Marcelo , Rotenberg Lucia
Published: June 2012

O artigo aborda pesquisa desenvolvida na indústria petrolífera offshore da Bacia de Campos (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), campo empírico que acompanhamos de forma sistemática desde 2003 e que se situa no rol dos sistemas sociotécnicos complexos. Nosso objetivo é destacar os riscos potenciais associados à organização do trabalho, em especial o regime de embarque e o sistema de turnos adotados nas plataformas de petróleo por algumas das empresas atuantes na região. Isto porque entendemos que, no contexto investigado, os problemas relacionados à saúde - aí inclusos os que se situam na esfera mental - e à segurança dos trabalhadores possuem relação importante com aspectos da organização do trabalho, como aqueles que aqui se encontram em foco. Indicam-se proposições de mudança com o intuito de reduzir os impactos deletérios de tais fatores sobre a saúde e a segurança dos trabalhadores. A base teórico-metodológica utilizada na pesquisa se fundamenta, principalmente, no instrumental da Ergonomia da Atividade e da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, numa perspectiva ergológica.
Dependência química e trabalho: uso funcional e disfuncional de drogas nos contextos laborais
Authors: Lima Maria Elizabeth Antunes
Published: June 2012

O objeto central do artigo é o uso de drogas nos contextos de trabalho, sendo seu objetivo maior analisar desde o uso continuado, mas sem acarretar consequências mais graves para o usuário, até aquele que leva ao desenvolvimento de uma dependência propriamente dita. A partir de uma revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema, propõe-se uma reflexão que, entre outros aspectos, classifica o consumo de drogas em dois modos, funcional e disfuncional, sendo que, no primeiro, esta é usada como uma "ferramenta" de trabalho, sem acarretar prejuízos para sua realização e, no segundo, ocorre uma mudança no padrão de consumo, afetando gravemente o desempenho profissional. Na passagem entre o uso funcional e o uso disfuncional, a droga deixa de ser um meio para se tornar um fim em si mesmo e, embora isso não ocorra com a maioria dos usuários, a conclusão é a de que, mesmo no uso funcional, a relação do sujeito com sua atividade é basicamente adaptativa, não podendo, portanto, ser considerada como saudável.
Poder de agir e sofrimento: estudo de caso sobre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Vilela Rodolfo Andrade de Gouveia , Silva Reginalice Cera da , Jackson Filho José Marçal
Published: June 2012

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) possuem uma missão de grande importância na implementação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família: devem criar o vínculo entre a população e os serviços de atenção básica, combinando ações de promoção da saúde, assistência básica e prevenção. A equipe do Cerest de Piracicaba realizou, no período de 2004-2006, análise ergonômica do trabalho em uma unidade de saúde de família cujos objetivos foram compreender a relação entre queixas de sofrimento e as condições de trabalho das ACS e propor medidas para modificá-las. Os resultados da AET mostram que, a despeito do engajamento visando resolver os problemas de saúde das famílias, o limitado "poder de agir" das ACS, devido às limitações da unidade e da rede de serviços, expunham-nas a situações nas quais se encontravam incapazes de adotar ações efetivas e nas quais não podiam se prevenir do sofrimento.
Acesso à água para consumo humano e aspectos de saúde pública na Amazônia Legal
Authors: Giatti Leandro Luiz , Cutolo Silvana Audrá
Published: June 2012

A região da Amazônia Legal no Brasil apresenta desafios quanto ao acesso à água para sua população, mesmo com grande abundância de recursos hídricos. Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar condicionantes de acesso à água para consumo humano, considerando aspectos ambientais, socioculturais e de infraestrutura. Para isso, analisam-se: a precária cobertura por saneamento básico na região, por meio de macroindicadores; e estudos de caso em distintas escalas espaciais: comunidade indígena; cidade de pequeno porte, comunidades ribeirinhas, e uma cidade de grande porte, Manaus, maior centro urbano da Amazônia Pan-Amazônica. Por fim, empreende-se uma discussão interdisciplinar sobre as dificuldades de acesso a água no âmbito da saúde pública, explorando a importância de aspectos que se manifestam de modo evidente nas escalas espaciais.
Climate Change and "historical responsibilities"
Authors: Goldemberg José , Guardabassi Patricia Maria
Published: June 2012

The historical responsibility of countries listed in the Annex I of the Convention on Climate Change has been used extensively as a justification for the lack of action of countries not included in Annex I to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. We analyzed the contribution of non-Annex I countries to the CO2 emissions in the period 1850 - 2006 to assess their relative contribution to total CO2 emissions. In the period 1980 - 2006 non-Annex I countries represented 44% of the total but this contribution increased in the period 1990 - 2006 to 48%. If we extrapolate present trends to 2020 they will represent 56% in the period 1990 - 2020. The "historical responsibility" of Annex I countries is therefore decreasing. If we take 1990 as the starting year in which the Climate Convention recognized clearly that greenhouse gases are interfering dangerously with the climate system, it becomes very difficult to attribute "blame" and "guilt" to Annex I for their historical contributions. It becomes also quite clear the need of non-Annex I countries to engage with Annex I countries in the effort to reduce emissions. The Copenhagen Accord has no mention of "historical responsibilities".