bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water quality, plankton community, and pollution index in the spawning habitat of longtail shad (Tenualosa macrura) in the waters of Bengkalis, Meranti Island and Siak Regencies, Riau Province
Authors: Seygita V , Sulistiono  , Kusmana C , Yulianto G
Published: May 2021

The waters of Bengkalis (as the estuary of Siak River) in Meranti and Siak Regencies of Riau Province is known as longtail shad (Tenualosa macrura) spawning area. This study aims to describe the condition of the waters of the fish spawning habitat. Sampling was conducted for three months from September to November 2019. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were observed i.e. temperature, depth and transparency, salinity, TSS, pH, DO, nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), BOD, lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), plankton abundance, and diversity. The result showed the waters temperatures, depth, transparency, salinity, TSS, pH, and DO varied i.e., 26.7-30.3 °C, 4-30 m, 0.27-0.835 m, 25-30 ppt, <3-88 mg/l, 7, and 5.9-7.9 mg/l, respectively. The nitrate, phosphate, BOD, Pb, and Hg were 0.617-2.196 mg/l, 0.006-1.666 mg/l, 0.80-11 mg/l, 0.002-0.094 mg/l and <1 mg/l respectively. The most common genera of phytoplankton were Trichodesmium sp. (37.293 to 596.688 cells/m3), while the most abundant zooplankton was Tintinnopsis sp (8.421-54.135 cells/m3). According to the study, it is known that the water condition of the fish habitat was reasonably good. However, the nitrate and phosphate in the waters passed the quality standard threshold for fisheries.
Analysis of water pollution in Kaliotik River, Lamongan-West Java
Authors: Shaleh F R , Prihatini E S , Masud F
Published: May 2021

Kaliotik River is the one of important rivers in Lamongan District. In the middle of the center of the city and crosses the settlements of residents, markets and, restaurants by the river. The river is a source of water in agricultural activities, fish cultivation, and vannamei shrimp around the watershed. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with purposive sampling. Sampling was conducted at as many as 7 stations, conducted in March-September 2020. Data taken in this study include physics parameters (temperature, total suspended solid/TSS), and chemical parameters (BOD, DO, pH, phosphate, ammonia). Determination of Kaliotik River water pollution status using STORET method (KEPMEN No.115/MENLH/2003), by comparing water quality data with standard water quality criteria according to its provisions/based on its Class (PP No. 82 of 2001). Based on the results of the study shows that the water quality of Kaliotik River is below the standard limit of water quality. Kaliotik River based on STORET method belongs to the category of heavily polluted.
The growth of Acropora loripes (Brook 1892) using spider frame module transplantation method and its effect on the presence of fish reef in Les Village, Buleleng, Bali
Authors: Subhan M A , Yahya Y , Mardiansyah  , Putri L S E
Published: May 2021

The condition of coral reefs in Bali waters has a bad impact on the community, especially ornamental fish fishermen, so that rehabilitation is needed to restore the function of the coral reef ecosystem. This study aims to determine the growth of Acropora loripes using the spider frame module transplantation method at two depths and the effect of transplantation on the presence of fish. The method used in this study is an experimental method with direct observation. Transplanted corals described 88 fragments with treatment 6 and 10 meters of depths to observe the growth, survival of corals, and the presence of fish. Results showed the growth for one month, 0.59 and 0.85 cm at stations 1 and 2, respectively. The growth rate at the end of the study with the highest rates is 0.14 and 0.21 cm/week at stations 1 and 2, respectively. There are 10 species of fish found at both stations with a total number of 41 and 36 individuals and stable and unstable condition categories at stations 1 and 2, respectively. The growth of A. loripes showed well at the end of the study where the presence of reef fish showed a positive correlation with coral survival rates.
The influence of nanobubble aeration system on rearing water temperature and its effects on oxygen consumption of Penaeus vannamei postlarvae 8
Authors: Susanti L , Utomo S W , Takarina N D , Febraldo D , Rochman N T , Saputra H K H , Cahyadi D , Junaedi H , Saputra R N , Rahmawati A I
Published: May 2021

Water temperature and oxygen consumption are important indicators of physiological work for Penaeus vannamei. The preferred P. vannamei shrimp farming is indicated by low water temperature and oxygen consumption and this can be achieved by using nanobubble aeration. This study aims to assess the water temperature and oxygen consumption of P. vannamei postlarvae (PL) 8. In this experimental study, PL 8 at a density of 200 inds./L were treated with nanobubble aeration (16 mg/L) and compared with control (without nanobubble). The experiments were conducted with five replications. ANOVA was applied to calculate the significance level of treatments. The result showed the nanobubble influences (p<0.05) on temperature in which treatment (23.070C; 95%CI: 22.9 to 23.3) was lower than control (27.170C; 95%CI: 27.1 to 27.2). The apparent influences were also observed in oxygen consumption (p<0.05) in which the nanobubble can reduce the oxygen consumption up to 66%. To conclude, the nanobubble has shown a positive influence on P. vannamei shrimp farming as nanobubble is able to allow oxygen to last longer in water and reduce oxygen consumption as well.
Zooplankton community structure in Cengkok Coastal Water and it’s around, Teluk Banten
Authors: Syafitri E M , Srimariana E S , Sulistiono
Published: May 2021

Cengkok coastal waters of Banten Bay are one of the waters that have many anthropogenic, industrial, and aquaculture activities. Zooplankton would like to become a bioindicator for the water’s condition. This study aimed to analyze the biodiversity and structure of the zooplankton community in waters. The study was carried out, from May to September 2019 at five stations. Data analysis calculating the value of composition, abundance, similarity index, biological index, and PCA. Based on the study obtained, the zooplankton consisted of 17 classes and 47 genera. Based on location and time, respectively, the average composition of Malacostraca (47.2% and 49.8%) and Ciliata (40.6% and 37%). Based on location and time observation, the average diversity index (H’) was (0.8-1.6) and (1.2-1.6); evenness index was (0.7-0.8) and (0.6-0.9); and index dominance was (0.3-0.6) and (0.3-0.4) respectively. The PCA results divided into 3 groups and the results of the similarity index showed the zooplankton abundance had the highest similarity value at Stations 3 and 5 (0.829) and based on water parameters showed that the highest similarity is 0.98. Based on the community structure index, it is found that the condition of the zooplankton structure community in Cengkok coastal waters (Banten Bay) was medium stressed.
Management policy of invasive species red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) at Lido Lake, Bogor Regency
Authors: Taryono  , Mashar A , Aryasa S
Published: May 2021

Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is nationally and globally classified as an invasive species. One of the main distribution areas of this species is Lake Lido, Bogor regency resulting from private fish cage development. This invasive species is highly possible as either competitor, predator, pathogen, or parasite carrier to the native species that are harmful to the lake water ecosystem equilibrium. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of policy management to limit the potential of its wider distribution. The research aims to analyze policy priorities in managing invasive species of C. quadricarinatus in Lido lake Bogor. The Analytical Network Process (ANP) was then utilized as the method for this research. Based on ANP analysis, the top-three-priority policy criteria for managing C. quadricarinatus are the presence of competitor inferior species, the economic value of resources and community involvement. Overall, the most priority alternative policy for managing the red claw crayfish in Lido lake is allowing the community to utilize it with tied monitoring and suppressing of population growth. The rater agreement among the stakeholder of this alternative policy is high (0.61) that expresses the stakeholders’ similar expectations.
Application of aquaponic ebb-tide system on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and cyprinid (Cyprinus carpio) to optimize growth performance
Authors: Taufik I , Setijaningsih L , Puspaningsih D
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to optimize the growth performance of tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) and cyprinid (Cyprinus carpio) through aquaponic ebb-tide system. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications: (a) aquaponic with tilapia, (b) aquaponic with cyprinid, (c) tilapia without aquaponic and (d) cyprinid without aquaponic. Water spinach used in this aquaponic system because it have the highest inorganic nitrogen reduction value in ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. The range of initial fish weight were 4-5 g and 6-7 cm length, with 1600 fish/concrete pond (sized 4×2 m2). The research was conducted for 50 days at the Center for Production, Inspection and Certification of Fishery Products, Ciganjur Jakarta. The observation variables included fish biological performance, water physico-chemical parameters and Total N analysis on water spinach. The result showed that the highest average weight was found in treatment (a) 107.14±0.14g with daily growth rate of, 14±0,043 g. The survival rate between treatments (a) and (b) was not significantly different (P>0.05), respectively 88,70±0,60 and 83.08±0.55. Water spinach biomass of two harvests from 3 replications were 100.04kg (a) and 93.57kg (b). While the absorption percentage of Total N in water spinach were 35.63% for treatment (a) and 34.25% for treatment (b).
Zooplankton diversity in Lake Tondano, Indonesia
Authors: Toruan R L
Published: May 2021

Study on freshwater ecology have been long focused on subtropical habitats with few references to tropical regions including Indonesia. Zooplankton, in particular, is an important component of aquatic ecosystem as they are key player of aquatic food webs, thus a solid understanding of their community structure can be of direct benefit to freshwater ecosystem management. The spatial patterns of zooplankton diversity in Lake Tondano, Celebes Island – Indonesia were studies in 2013, with the main aim was to understand how local environmental and habitat heterogeneity driving the zooplankton community structure. We performed field samplings to collect zooplankton using a vertical tow with a 156 μm mesh plankton net from 1 meter above sediment to the surface and to measure environmental parameters using portable multi probes water quality checker from three different water columns. The sampling sites were selected to include different habitats within the lake to look at diversity of the entire zooplankton communities including Rotifers, Cladocerans, and Copepods in Lake Tondano, Indonesia. A total of 21 species of cladocerans, 31 copepods, and 60 rotifers were identified from Lake Tondano. Our result indicates a relatively low number of cladocerans which is may be associated with high predatory pressure from planktivorous fish, especially within the open pelagic zone.
Catch composition and bycatch from glass eel fisheries in Cimandiri River at Sukabumi, West Java
Authors: Wahju R I , Kamal M M , Hermawati S , Fachri F R , Iqbal M , Afifah N
Published: May 2021

Bycatch is the catch of non-target fish, including what is brought to port which are not is main target of retain and what is discarded at fishing area. Sirib (a type of push net) and bubu (trap) are fishing gear to catch glass eel in the five rivers (both upriver and estuary) from Sukabumi, West Java. The research was conducted in July 2019 to January 2020. The aimed of this study to analyze the catch composition of glass eel from Cimandiri River. Result of the study shows that the catch composition from Cimandiri River consist of 8–9 species. However, catch composition of trap is lower than sirib/pushnet due to traps are more selective than sirib instead of the fishing location from the traps is in upriver.
Growth pattern, condition factor and reproductive aspects of three spot gourami Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) in mangrove waters of Muara Angke Jakarta and Ciperet Cilacap, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudewantoro G , Haryono  , Sulistiono  , Dina R
Published: May 2021

Mangrove ecosystem is a unique and interesting ecosystem which inhabited by many fish species such as three spot gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus). This study aimed to determine length-weight relationship (LWR), growth pattern, condition factor, sex ratio and gonad maturity stage of three spot gourami from mangrove waters of Muara Angke Jakarta and the Ciperet Cilacap, Indonesia. Fish samples were collected by cast net and gill net at four research stations in Muara Angke and Ciperet Cilacap from January to March 2014 and September to October 2012, respectively. The total length and total wet weight were measured, subsequently, the sex and stage of gonad maturity were morphologically determined. The LWRs of three spot gourami in Muara Angke were W = 6E-05L2893 for male and W = 0,0003L2619 for female, whereas, the LWRs of male and female in Ciperet estuary were W = 0,0007L2371 and W = 0,0006L2444, respectively. Moreover, the growth pattern of the male one in Muara Angke was isometry, while the female was negative allometry. In Ciperet estuary, the growth patterns for male and female were negative allometric. The Fulton’s condition factors for males and females in the Muara Angke were ranged from 3.7118±0.7847 and 1.0014±0.0551, respectively. Whereas, in the Ciperet estuary, the condition factor values were ranged from 1.0011 ± 0.0485 and 1.0024 ± 0.0685 for males and females, respectively. The sex ratio for males and females on the Chi-square test with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05) was significantly different by 1:1.93 in Muara Angke and 1:1.69 in Ciperet estuary. In both areas, various maturity stages of gonad were found, with different dominant maturity stage. In Muara Angke, most of the fish were at higher gonadal maturity stages (III and IV), whereas in Ciperet estuary the lower gonadal maturity stages (I and II) was found.
Water quality in the ecosystem of sea cucumber Acaudina sp. in the Delta Wulan Waters, Central of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widianingsih W , Nuraeni R A T , Hartati R , Endrawati H , Sugianto D N , Mahendrajaya R T
Published: May 2021

Sea cucumberAcaudinasp. is one of the benthic animals which has a very important role for the benthic ecosystem in a waters. One of its roles is to maintain sediment stability and is also known as a bioturbation animal. The research aims are to study the water quality in the ecosystem of sea cucumber in the Delta Wulan Waters, Demak. The research was conducted for 4 months (May, June, July and August 2020). Based on the research result, the type of substrate in the Delta Wulan Waters is silt has a range 87.4–96.70%. The salinity has a range value is 29.25 to 33.50 ppt. The value of the water temperature is 28.6–29.9 °C. The DO value has a range is 5.04–8.13 ppm. The pH value range is 6.05–7.–56. Furthermore, the average concentration of Pb in sediment has range 4.775.10 mg/kg. The average concentration of Cu in sediment has range 15.93–16.06 mg/kg. The average concentration of Cd in sediment has range 0.02–0.07 mg/kg. In the sediment, the average concentration of ortho-phosphate content has range 0.014–0.027 mg/g, nitrate has range 0.035–0.073 mg/g and chlorophyll-a has range 268-805 mg/m2. In conclusion, water quality in Delta Wulan Waters can still support population growth ofAcaudinasp..
Spatial distribution of microplastic in sediment of the Citanduy River, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widigdo B , Imran Z , Taryono  , Wulandari D Y , Marliana A
Published: May 2021

Microplastic particles have a significant impact on freshwater environments, as well as on biota association in its ecosystems. This study aims to identify and determine the spatial distribution of microplastic in sediments in Citanduy River, West Java. Microplastic was observed by census method on the SRC (Sedgewick Rafter-Counting Cell) with the help of a micrometer at 10x magnification. Analysis of statistic using MS. Excel 2007. For statistical studies, Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney are used for spatial analysis using ArcMap software. The highest microplastic abundance was in the downstream area, followed by the upstream; however, the lowest value was at the center of Citanduy River sediment. Microplastic abundance in this river was ranged 18,190–70,405 particles/kg of dry sediment. The determination of microplastic type found was fragments form. The dominant microplastic color was black. The microplastic of films and fragments were dominant by range 20–40 μm and dominant fibers was about 500–1,000 μm. Spatially distribution the abundance of the microplastic average at the substation and sampling station was found to be the highest at Substation 2 in downstream area and the distribution of the average abundance of microplastics decreased towards substations 1 and 3 at the downstream station.
Study on macrozoobenthos diversity in Batang Toru River and its surrounding, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wildan D M , Sulistiono  , Simanjuntak C P H , Rahardjo M F , Hestiranoto T , Shafrudin D , Nugroho T , Ismanto A J
Published: May 2021

Batang Toru River is one of the sizable rivers in North Sumatra, encompassing to south and west and stream down to the Indian Ocean. The river area has been used by the local community for several activities, i.e. fisheries and tourism. The macrozoobenthic community structure study was carried out for 3 months in April, July, and October 2019 at 13-17 stations from the upstream to the estuary. Observations were made on the type of macrozoobenthos, meanwhile, data analysis was performed on density, diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index. A total of 21 genera of macrozoobenthos was identified consists of 9 classes, namely Bivalvia (2 genera), Diptera (3 genera), Gastropoda (4 genera), Ephemeroptera (1 genus), Odonata (1 genus), Oligochaeta (6 genera), Plecoptera (1 genus), Tricoptera (2 genera), and Zygoptera (1 genus). Thiara sp. and Balanocochlis sp. were quite commonly found in the study area. The density of the macrozoobenthos during the study period varied between 11-957 ind/m2. The value of the diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index at each station varied from 0.722 to 2.419, 0.411 to 1.0, and 0.210 to 1.0, respectively. Based on these values, the condition of the Batang Toru river ecosystem expressed moderate ecological pressure.
Length Based-Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR), on exploited demersal stock (Priachantus tayenus) in small scale fisheries, Sunda Strait
Authors: Yonvitner  , Kurnia R , Boer M
Published: May 2021

The LB SPR approach is needed to predict the ability of stock reproduction as a function of recruitment and stock sustainability. Therefore, we try to apply this technique for demersal exploited stock (Priachanthus tayenus) in Sunda Strait. The length data were collected in 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2019 by a research team from Labuan landing port. Data analysis consists of length frequency, size at maturity, selectivity, and SPR by using software from http://barefootecologist.com.au/lbspr. Results have shown asymptotic Length 320,25 mm, length at maturity (Lm50) 201,4 mm, von Bertalanffy growth rate 0,136, and ratio M/k 1.56. The SPR ofP. tayenusrange from 6-36% (average 16%), and it’s relatively under 40% and potentially unsustainable. The length at selectivity 50 percent (SL50) ranges from 154-261.36 mm and length selectivity at 95% (SL95) from 179-348.48 mm. In the 2013-2019 period, SPR was relatively fluctuating and tended to decrease, as indicated by a decrease in the length of the gonad maturity (50% and 95%) of the population. The spawning potential ratio between 6%-36% (average 16%) from 2013-2019 shown an over-exploited stock and potentially high risk to sustainability stock.
A note on the investigation of morphometric differentiation among mantis shrimp (Stomatopods) in South Madura Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Zairion  , Pardhini V , Hakim A A , Wardiatno Y
Published: May 2021

Mantis shrimp is one of the fishery resources with a high species variation and wide distribution area that cause differences in morphometric characteristics and population mixing. This study purposed to identify and compare the morphometric characters of mantis shrimp (Stomatopods) as well species kindship in South Madura waters, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October 2019 until January 2020 with specimen collecting from three locations south of Madura. Three types of dominant mantis shrimps caught were chosen for the investigation of morphometric differentiation. Morphometric characters were observed with the standard method and truss network analysis (TNA). Based on certain morphological characters, those mantis shrimp species were Harpiosquilla harpax, Miyakella sp., and Oratosquillina sp. Kruskal Wallis analysis resulted in a difference of 14 from 15 characters with the standard method, and 47 from 56 characters with truss network analysis. Cluster analysis showed that Miyakella sp. and Oratosquillina sp. have a close relationship compared to Harpiosquilla harpax. Moreover, the dominant mantis shrimp populations in the south of Madura formed two species of kindship groups.
Methane (CH4) Emission Flux Estimation in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Method Rice Cultivation Using Different Varieties and Fertilization
Authors: Nihayah B , Nugroho B D A , Hasanah N A I , Saputra Rido
Published: May 2021

The agricultural sector is one of the contributors of the greenhouse gasses emission especially CO2, CH4 and N2O. In its agricultural practice, rice paddy fields in Indonesia is cultivated twice to three times a year. Conventional rice planting method using water inundation and chemical fertilizer can result in the increase of greenhouse gasses emission. One of those gasses is methane (CH4). Methane is formed through the decomposition of organic materials anaerobically in the rhizosphere with the help of methanogenic microbes. The release of methane can be influenced by several factors among them are the nature of the soil, irrigation system, fertilization and varieties used. The strategy to reduce emission conducted in this research are the usage of varieties that are considered to be low on methane emission such as Ciherang and IR64, rice paddy cultivation SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method using intermittent irrigation as well as fertilization. The setting of the intermittent irrigation uses IoT based (Internet of Thing) sensor technology for water level adjustment. The aim of this research is to analyze the methane flux produced from SRI method rice paddy cultivation based on the varieties used and different kinds of fertilization.
Biochemical Characterizations of Selected Indigenous Endophytic Bacteria Potential as Growth Promoters and Biocontrol Agents on Tomato
Authors: Yanti Y , Hamid H , Reflin  , Yaherwandi
Published: May 2021

Nine indigenous endophytic bacteria strains showing the best ability to promote growth and control tomato pathogens had been screened in our previous research. The strains’ biochemical properties, such as nutrition and other traits, must be characterized to design the best formulations for the strains’ biochemical properties. This study aimed to describe the biochemical characteristics of the selected indigenous endophytic bacteria. The variables observed were utilization of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, glycerol, and olive oil), nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, urea, NH4Cl, NH4SO4, and NH4NO3), and citrate, hydrolytic activities (urease, triple sugar iron, starch hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, chitinase, cellulase, protease, lipase, and catalase), oxidative/fermentative assay, salt tolerance, and growth ability at 4° and 44°C. This study showed that all the endophytic bacteria strains characterized had various biochemical characteristics. All strains showed the different ability to utilize nitrogen and carbon source. Some strains survived to grow at 4°C except Bacillus cereus AGBE 1.2 TL. All strains tolerate growth in 4% NaCl concentrations, while some strains can tolerate up to 6%. This result can be used for further studies to develop the most suitable formulations for each strain to get the best results of the growth-promoting and biocontrol activities of the indigenous endophytic bacteria strains.
Pre-harvest oil palm FFB nondestructive evaluation technique using thermal-imaging device
Authors: Makky M , Cherie D
Published: May 2021

Oil Palm is widely cultivated in Indonesia due to its superior economical value. Currently, oil palm plantations have many challanges, particularly the time of harvesting. Many losses occurred during this process and therefore, they need best harvesting practice to obtain good results. While the quality of oil palm fresh fruits bunch (FFB) (i.e. ripeness) can be determined after harvest, a pre-harvest assessment technique is not present at the moment. In this study, we observe FFBs at four different fruit ages, e.g. 120, 140, 160 and 180 days after anthesis (DAA). A non-destructive evaluation was performed by measuring the FFBs surface temperature using a thermal camera. In addition, the influence of ambient temperature and other environment parameters were observed. Afterwards, the FFBs harvested, and its chemical compositions measured. A model developed to correlate the FFB surface temperature with its ripeness. Results showed that, regression model of the ratio of FFB oil content and moisture content with surface temperature has coefficient of determination of 0.6732. Moreover, when FFB surface temperature was correlated with its carotene content using multiple–regression, the model R2 was obtained at 0.8122. In addition, FFB surface temperature can be used to predicted the FFB age with R2 of 0.8344. This suggests a strong correlation between FFB surface temperature and its age. Furthermore, the ratio of FFB oil content and moisture content with its ripeness, and surface temperature, open the opportunity for a more accurate pre-harvest nondestructive evaluation technique to determine optimum harvest window (OHW) prediction of the bunch. The result delivers a solution of better harvesting practice in oil palm industry.
Morphological characterization of Colchicine-induced Mutants in Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Azizan N I , Shamsiah A , Hasan N A , Hussein S
Published: May 2021

Stevia rebaudiana is a sweet herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. Steviol glycosides, a natural sweetener derived from Stevia leaves are 100–300 times sweeter than sucrose and contain a complex mixture of sweet diterpene glycosides. The mutagenic effect of colchicine to improve leaf and steviol glycosides yield in stevia was investigated. Stevia plant were treated with five different colchicine concentrations (0.5%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.0%, 2.5% and untreated plantlet (0.0%) act as control) for 48h. The plants were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Treated plants were characterized based on morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length and leaf thickness. The results obtained revealed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the morphological traits of the mutants when compared with the control. Overall, 2.0% colchicine concentration resulted in higher average plant height by 36.0% ± 0.6 leaf length increments by 43.0%± 0.7 and the leaf thickness increment by 5.0%± 0.1. The improvement of the mutants’ traits is concentration dependent and increases with increment in colchicine concentration. Thus, we therefore suggested that 2.0% concentration should be employed in improving stevia growth and yield related traits.
Supply Response Analysis on the Impact of Climate Change on Oil Palm Production in Malaysia
Authors: Noor W N W M , Nawi N M , Seng K W K , Buda M
Published: May 2021

Climate change has significantly impact the economic development and trade of developing countries particularly those largely rely on agriculture. According to the World Bank, oil palm was the main contributor of GDP for Malaysia agriculture. Climate change affects oil palm growth and productivity in a number of ways, including reduction in sex-ration, disrupts the pollination process, abortion of newly produced inflorescence, drops in productivity, and increase in ranges and distribution of pests and diseases. Much of the economic researches devoted to employ production function and Ricardian approach. This study, therefore, focuses to model the effect of climate change on oil palm production by using supply response approach. An annual time series data used for the period of 37 years starting from 1980 until 2016, and Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) co-integration_-employed in achieving the objective of the study. Six econometric models consisting of linear and non-linear equations were constructed by incorporating temperature and rainfall as proxies for climate variable to estimate the yield response model. The results revealed that oil palm production was very negatively affected by changes in temperature compared to changes in rainfall. Meanwhile, the planted area and own price upsurge the supply of palm oil. The results also indicated that Model 3 and Model 6 were the best model to represent the linear and non-linear effect of climate_change on oil palm production, respectively. Quantifying the impact of climate change on palm oil production can help policy makers and relevant stakeholders to determine the best adaptation and mitigation measures.
Competitiveness and Effect of Government Policies on Laying Hens Farming Business in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. Indonesia
Authors: Yuzaria D , Wahyuni A R , Fajrin M
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to analyze the profitability, competitiveness and the effect of government policy on laying hen business in West Pasaman Regency. Survey was done on 10layer chicken breeders in West Pasaman regency. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was employed in this survey finding that the laying hens business done was profitable based on the private and social profit. The laying hens farming business’ competitiveness can be seen based on its competitive and comparative excellence. Furthermore, the policy established by the government caused the farmer to spend more money of tradable input on private price than the social price, while the output price on local market was higher making it surplus for the farmer. Thus, the policy established gave negative effect on the tradable input, but positive effect on the output. However, the business of laying hens farming in West Pasaman Regency can be developed through some ways regarding the government policy. First, the government shall give better incentive and provide infrastructure, so that the farmer can increase the production and business scale.
Developing the Competitiveness and Sustainability of Agricultural Cluster Areas Based on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise by Means of Community Entrepreneurship
Authors: Silfia  , Helmi  , Noer M , Henmaidi
Published: May 2021

The agricultural cluster area development (ACD) is tied to the local system and is influenced by aggregate factors. This requires the factual entrepreneurial approach to build its competitiveness and sustainability. The question this research aims at answering is why does the development of competitiveness and sustainability of ACD based on SMEs need community entrepreneurship (CE). In the meantime, the purpose of this research is to explain the significance of CE in competitiveness and sustainability of ACD through analysis of the relationship built between the competitiveness of agricultural community entrepreneurship areas and explains how CE develops competitiveness and sustainability of the agricultural cluster area. This research contributes to empirically revealing the relationship and essence of CE with the competitiveness and sustainability of ACD based on SMEs. The research was conducted in Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were collected through survey; in-depth interviews, observation, and expert opinion. Data analysis used correlation analysis and qualitative-descriptive method.
Importance Performance Analysis of Dairy Processing Cooperatives for Recommendations on Capacity Building for Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives in the Regional Innovation System of Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra
Authors: Suresti A , Wati R , Agustar A , Hasan A
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted in order to determine the regional core competencies to accelerate the strengthening of the Regional Innovation System in the City of Padang Panjang which focused on the role of cooperatives as an institutional innovation in the development of a dairy business. In the agribusiness system, the role of cooperatives can be realized to strengthen the upstream agribusiness sub-system, which is related to the provision of input factors needed by farmers, as well as the downstream agribusiness sub-system associated with agricultural product processing activities and marketing. This study aims to explain the role of cooperatives in the development of the people’s dairy cattle agribusiness (the case in the MERSI Cooperative, Padang Panjang City). This research was conducted in Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra Province. Data collection was carried out using survey methods. Respondents in this study were all dairy farmers in the working area of the Mersi Cooperative as well as cooperative managers. Based on themethodImportance and Performance Analysis (IPA), Mersi Cooperative in Padang Panjang City has not played a good role in the people’s dairy cattle agribusiness. This can be seen in the respondent’s assessment of the level of interest of breeders on an average of 4.9 and the performance of cooperatives by breeders only in the 2.7 category.
Design of Micro-Climate Data Monitoring System for Tropical Greenhouse based on Arduino UNO and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Ardiansah I , Bafdal N , Suryadi E , Bono A
Published: May 2021

The change in global climate has shown us the importance of sustainable environmental monitoring, especially the microclimate in greenhouses. Monitoring is carried out to determine greenhouse data, which differs from outdoor. Internet of Things (IoT) as emergence technology has an important role in collecting microclimate data, IoT is developed using hardware, sensors and software connected to the internet network. This paper implements this by using Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi, DHT11 microclimate sensor to gain microclimate data and store it in cloud applications. Microclimate changes are recorded every minute and displayed on a web page so it can be analysed without visiting the greenhouse. The test results showed that the data recording was successfully carried out, and the microclimate data analysis showed that in the greenhouse there was a weak association between temperature and relative humidity with an R squared of 0.534.
Effects of Seed PEG Immersion And Hydration-Dehydration on Rice Physiological Quality
Authors: Rozen N , Kasim M , Anwar A
Published: May 2021

Storage of seeds really determines the storability and quality of seeds, because Long-term storage, the seeds will deterioration. Deterioration of seed quality (deterioration) is inevitable but can be slowed by good and proper storage. To maintain seed quality, proper storage methods need to be carried out. The deterioration of the seeds can be improved by seed PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration. The objective of this research is to obtain an appropriate invigoration method to improve physiological seed quality Method: In this research, we used factorial two factors, we examine the effects of PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration treatment on three rice varieties; Batang Piaman, PB42, and IPB3S. Results: The results showed that PEG immersion and hydration-dehydration of three cultivars interacted with the index value. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the invigoration method significantly improves the viability and vigor of Batang Piaman from 50% to 70% and 46.67% to 70% (PEG immersion), respectively.
Biocontrol of Meloidogyne sp. on Tomato Plants by Selected Bacillus spp
Authors: Habazar T , Winarto  , Obel  , Yanti Y , Dani MR , Monica D
Published: May 2021

Meloidogyne spp., are recognize as the most economically important worldwide. It is difficult to control Meloidogyne spp., because they have wide range of hosts. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, it is necessary to develop new control strategies. Our previous research showed that some Bacillus spp. effective as biocontrol agents of plant pests and diseases. They have multifunction, such as plant growth promoter, phosphate dissolving bacteria, etc. The aim of this research was to obtain the selected Bacillus spp. to control Meloidogyne spp., to enhance growth and yield of tomato. The treatments were 8 strains of Bacillus spp., Carbofuran, Meloidogyne spp. inoculated tomato and control. The Bacillus spp. have inoculated as seed treatment and seedling treatment before transplanting. The Meloidogyne spp. have inoculated on 4 weeks tomato plants. The parameters were disease development, multiplication of Meloidogyne spp., growth and yield of tomato. The results showed that Bacillus spp. reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and nematode per 300 g soil compared to the inoculated control, but the nematicide treatments was more effective to control Meloidogyne spp. Conversely, three strains of Bacillus spp. showed to enhance the growth and yield of tomato than Carbofuran.
Effect of High Inlet Temperature of Spray Dryer on Viability of Microencapsulated Trichoderma asperellum Conidia
Authors: Ishak A A , Zulkepli F R A , Hayin N F M , Zain N H Md , Sapak Z
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the use of spray drying for microencapsulating beneficial microbes has gained the interest of researchers, mainly due to dried powder formulation could prevent contamination and prolong self-life of the microbes. The major constraint of spray drying is conidia could lose viability during the drying process due to heat. In this present study, the effect of spray drying inlet temperature on viability of microencapsulated Trichoderma asperellum conidia was assessed. A blend biopolymer of gum Arabic and maltodextrin in ratio of 1:1 was used to microencapsulate the conidia at 150, 160 and 170°C inlet temperatures of spray drying process. Assessment of conidia viability was performed based on conidia percent survival of spray dried (PSsd) and survival increase (SI) unit values. Viability of the microencapsulated conidia was also evaluated their shelf life stored at two different temperatures which were at 28 ±2°C and 4±2°C for 40 weeks. The finding showed that viability of microencapsulated conidia was optimum obtained at inlet temperature of 170°C with 68.2% of PSsd and SI and 17.7 units of SI compared to 15.9% and 1.5 unit respectively obtained for 160°C and 0.2% and 0.7 unit for 150°C. The highest inlet temperature has showed the highest viability compared to lower temperatures. Conidia stored at low temperature of 4 ±2°C has survived longer up to 40 weeks that were confirmed via the viability test. High inlet temperature of 170°C was desirable to enhance survivability and viability of the conidia to be used as biocontrol agent up to 40 weeks at low temperature storage. These microencapsulated conidia could be further tested on their capability to inhibit the pathogen of pineapple disease.
Breeding Efforts on Wild Honey Bee Apis cerana Fabr. within Coconut Plantations in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra
Authors: Jasmi  , Putra D P , Syarifuddin  , Herwina H , Janra M N
Published: May 2021

In order to maximize the potential of wild honey bee Apis cerana, there have been ongoing breeding efforts conducted in three coconut plantations in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. The searching for wild honey bee colonies was performed in potential sites in Lancang, Batu Gadang and Pakandangan Villages. There were 20 colonies found in the wild and relocated using hive-to-stub method; 10 colonies were then bred in its original sites while other 10 stubs transferred into farm located in Pakandangan Village. To support the breeding efforts, there was inventory survey carried out at the surrounding of breeding farms to list plants that are food sources for honey bee. From total 60 bee hives found, 32 of them built inside the hollow of dead timber, 18 nests existed in living tree crevices and other 10 nests in various hollowing structures. The successfulness of breeding effort using hiving method before transferred to distance farming location reached 76.66%, much higher than letting the stubs in the original location of wild nests (23.34%). Number of honey combs grew on the first month after transferred was variable between 3-9 frames and 124 frames (35.38%), the breadth of comb up until 75%. Plants for food sources were enlisted until 65 species, in which 20 of them categorized as cultivated and year-round flowering plants.
Vernonia Amygdalina Chlorophyll Content Prediction by Feature Texture Analysis of Leaf Color
Authors: Damayanti R , Riza D F A , Putranto A W , Nainggolan R J
Published: May 2021

Vernonia amygdalina has been scientifically proven to have activity against various diseases because it contains high antioxidants. The antioxidant content can be related to the chlorophyll content in leaves. Chlorophyll levels increase when the leaves are fully developed which is accompanied by an increase in antioxidants. So, chlorophyll detection by non-invasive sensing can be used to estimate the antioxidant content. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model RGB color as input and leaf chlorophyll content as output. Performance comparisons in each ANN model were carried out to find the best model in predicting leaf chlorophyll content, indicated by the smallest prediction error value. This study aims to model the chlorophyll content of Vernonia amygdalina with ANN analysis. The results showed that the chlorophyll content could be identified using 9 selected color texture features through the filter method feature selection with the best attribute of correlation. The selected ANN structure produces R training of 0.98522, R validation of 0.93417, MSE training of 0.0067, and MSE of validation of 0.0322. The results showed that digital image processing and ANN models have the potential as sensors in detecting the percentage of chlorophyll content of Vernonia amygdalina.
Hybrid Dryer of Cassava Chips
Authors: Warji W , Tamrin T
Published: May 2021

Hybrid type dryer is a dryer whose energy source comes from solar energy and additional gas, electricity or biomass energy. This dryer has transparent walls and is closed so that the sun’s heat can enter the drying room, but rain cannot enter the drying room. This dryer is equipped with a fan that serves to push the heat so that it spreads throughout the drying room. This dryer is equipped with an exhous fan so that moisture is sucked out of the drying chamber. The main source of drying energy comes from solar energy, when the drying cloud is assisted by additional energy and when it rains the main drying energy comes from biogas combustion energy. The hot air flow control slot is designed in the drying chamber so that hot air can flow between the heating racks. The average air temperature in the chamber are 44.5 °C, 47.3 °C and 56.3 °C with heating sources of solar energy, electricity and solar energy with electrical, respectively. Cassava chips can be dried in a hybrid dryer. The initial moisture content of 60% decrease to 10%-12% wet basis. Drying chips using solar energy requires 18 hours of drying, for 16 hours using electrical energy, and 12 using a hybrid of solar energy with electrical energy.
Preliminary Assessment of Grain Losses for Paddy Combine Harvester in Koperasi Felcra Seberang Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Sharifuddin M N Z , Mustaffha S
Published: May 2021

Paddy is an essential plant in Malaysia that is at risk of being lost during harvesting. This study was investigated the grain loss of the paddy during harvesting process by using combine harvester. The research was conducted at Felcra Seberang Perak, Malaysia. The data collection attempted to investigate the percentage of grain losses during harvesting season. The collected data contain of area (acre/hectare) for three blocks of paddy for three lines. It was done with two blocks, which involve a three line and a require five PVC measuring pipe for each panel. The New Holland with the same brand was determining the speed which affects the losses grain with two blocks. According to the results, the average percentage of grain losses in the Block 1 was 1.08% and Block 2 was 1.21%. The percentage of the grain losses in the Block 1 was higher than Block 2 which contribute to the loss of USD29.26 per hectrare. These results show that the farmers loss a lot during harvesting operation which leads to lower the profit.
Usage of Fenton Reagent in Local Tannery Wastewater Bioremediation
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Sari A K , Prasetyo R A , Kurniawati N
Published: May 2021

The tannery industry produces liquid wastewater containing high organic and inorganic pollutants. This study aims to determine the effect of Fenton reagent as a bioremediation agent in tannery wastewater treatment. The material used in this study was tannery wastewater from the local leather industry in Bantul, Yogyakarta. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with triplicates for each treatment, and the result was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test for the significant difference. The treatment consisted of 4 different concentrations of the Fenton reagent addition P0 (0%), P1 (0.2%), P2 (0.4%), and P3 (0.6%). The BOD, COD, TS, total chrome (Cr), and chrome hexavalent (Cr (VI)) content were observed in this research. This study showed that Fenton reagent’s addition at different concentrations had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the BOD content. However, it has a significant effect (P < 0.05) on increasing the value of TS, TSS. However, it decreased the value of COD, Total Cr, and Cr (VI). The addition of 0.6% in P3 had the highest effect by reducing 66.7% COD, 11.8% of total chrome (Cr), and 11.5% of Cr (VI). It could be concluded that the addition of the Fenton reagent until 0.6% of this study has not been able to meet the standard quality standard for tannery wastewater. However, it was able to reduce inorganic pollutants, especially in Cr (VI). Combining several methods in bioremediation with the Fenton reagent may important for further study on tannery wastewater treatment.
An Estimation Method for Oil Palm Replanting Potential in Kampar Regency, Province of Riau
Authors: Erwinda  , Hati D P , Mulyani A , Nugroho E S
Published: May 2021

Kampar regency is assumed to have a palm tree land as big as 14 thousand ha with more than 25-years-old plants. The no longer productive age of those plants should have gone through the rejuvenation process or known as replanting oil-palm potential (ROPP). In order to simplify ROPP inventory, research can be done using remote sensing technology and field verification to determine the oil palm age. The research result shows 647, 290 ha oil palm field and 426, 982 ha non-oil palm field. Besides that, it is known the width of private companies-owned oil palm field is 97, 653 ha, and smallholder farmers-owned field with plant age < 25 years (SW2 = 66, 866 ha), and > 25 years (SW3 = 482, 770 ha). The potential smallholder farmers-owned width of oil palm replanting (ROPP) at Kampar regency is at around 7.05 thousand hectares.