bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Year Round. Method of speech development and correction
Authors: Pavlova Y.B. , Khotyleva T.Y.
Published: January 2016

Methodological manual is created based on the the analysis of many years experience of teachers working with children with disturbance of development, The manual is aimed at the pre-school children or the first graders with speech and communication difficulties, leading to academic failure.
«Boniface’s Holiday», or Successful Experience of Teaching Children with ASD
Authors: Malysheva-Poprukaylo E.V.
Published: January 2016

The aunt of two children who have autism spectrum disorders, describes her experience of bringing up and training in home environment.
«Christopher and Father», or Who is Here with the Diagnosis?
Authors: Ilishkina N.Y.
Published: January 2016

In the integrated drama studio «Circle II», the subdivision of the parent’s organization «Equal Opportunities», mainly young people with disabilities work. The impression on the performance «Christopher and Father» is described.
Alienation from Study as a Predictor of Burnout in University Students: the Role of the Educational Environment Characteristics
Authors: Osin E.N.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents two studies aimed at development and validation of a scale of alienation in educational context. The first study using samples of university students (N = 395) and high school students (N = 194) involves structural validation of Subjective Alienation Questionnaire for Students using confirmatory factor analysis. The scales of the questionnaire have shown acceptable internal consistency (α = 0,70–0,92) and predictable associations with measures of subjective and psychological well-being, locus of control, life meaning, generalized self-efficacy, and hardiness. The second study using a sample of university students (N = 152) focused on the associations of alienation, burnout, and academic motivation with learning environment characteristics, well-being, and self-reported academic achievement. According to the resulting model, learning motivation and alienation reflect characteristics of relation of the student to the object of learning, whereas burnout reflects the resulting characteristics of learning process. Burnout was predicted by excessive difficulty of learning tasks, high workload, and alienation. Alienation was predicted by low teacher support, low clarity of learning requirements, and lack of choice in studies. Alienation and burnout mediated the asso-ciations of these learning environment characteristics with self-reported academic success and subjective well-being of students.
Impacto da má oclusão na dentição decídua e permanente na qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes: revisão de literatura
Authors: Moreira Andressa Ferreira , Pinto Larissa Silveira , Pinto Karoline Von Ahn , Côrreia Paula Goveia , Jeziorski Sara Alice Zago , Velasque Karen Sibele , Rosa Denise Paiva
Published: January 2016

Uma revisão de literatura foi realizada sobre má oclusão nas diferentes dentições e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes. Pesquisou-se no PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, utilizando os descritores malocclusion e quality of life. Foram selecionados 8 artigos sobre má oclusão na dentição decídua e 17 na dentição mista e/ou permanente. Dentre os que avaliaram a dentição decídua, apenas um artigo encontrou impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB). Quanto aos artigos que avaliaram as dentições mista e/ou permanente, maioria encontrou associação entre má oclusão e pior QVRSB. Conclui-se que a má oclusão só exerce impacto negativo na QVRSB quando presente na dentição mista e/ou permanente, afetando a autoestima dos indivíduos que possuem este agravo.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.556
Sistema Cone Morse e utilização de pilares com plataforma switching
Authors: Varise César Gilioli , Abi-Rached Filipe Oliveira , Messias Aion Mangino , Das Neves Flávio Domingues , Segalla José Cláudio Martins , Reis José Maurício Dos Santos Nunes
Published: January 2016

Os implantes cone morse associados a pilares com plataforma switching têm proporcionado resultados promissores com relação à estabilidade dos tecidos peri-implantares. Isso se deve ao perfil cônico do componente protético, à íntima adaptação na interface implante/pilar e ao menor acúmulo de biofilme bacteriano. Para isso, deve-se levar em consideração o posicionamento infraósseo do implante. Essa configuração implante/pilar possui resistência à fratura superior em relação aos sistemas convencionais e, além disso, devido à manutenção da crista óssea e da diversidade de pilares e componentes protéticos, possibilita reabilitações orais estéticas e biocompatíveis.
Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e prática do binge drinking entre acadêmicos de odontologia de uma IES
Authors: Saraiva Simony Dos Santos , Maia Filho Antônio Luiz Martins
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência do consumo de álcool entre os acadêmicos de Odontologia e fatores associados ao binge drinking. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra representativa, realizado numa faculdade privada de Teresina - PI. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado com questões validadas para autopreenchimento. A associação entre variáveis foi aferida pelo teste qui-quadrado, assumindo-se o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Foram analisados 255 questionários. A prevalência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre o grupo estudado foi de 50,2%, e a prática do binge drinking apresentou prevalência de 18,4%. Estes índices são significativamente altos e demandam estratégias específicas dos gestores e das instituições de ensino para o controle do problema.
Tecnologia de Plasma na Odontologia: Revisão de literatura
Authors: Porciuncula Mariana , Menezes Marilia , Gusman Heloisa , Simão Renata , Prado Maíra
Published: January 2016

A presente revisão de literatura tem como objetivo realizar uma breve introdução ao plasma, abordando o que é, como ele é gerado, seu mecanismo de ação, assim como seu uso na odontologia, nas diferentes especialidades. Apesar de ainda não estar disponível rotineiramente para uso clínico, estudos mostram que o plasma, quando utilizado a temperatura ambiente, se mostra como uma inovação promissora apresentando atividade antimicrobiana, efeitos positivos em relação à adesão, clareamento dental e osteointegração, sem gerar danos ao tecido oral. Estes efeitos estão relacionados ao tempo de aplicação e ao gás utilizado.
Análise dos softwares gratuitos para tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico de interesse aos cirurgiões-dentistas
Authors: Wanzeler Ana Márcia Viana
Published: January 2016

Avaliar programas de imagens odontológicas disponíveis gratuitamente na internet como ferramentas para prática do Cirurgião-Dentista e que funcionam em computadores pessoais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa no Medline entre os anos de 2005 a 2014, com enfoque em software utilizado para visualizar imagens tomográficas na odontologia. Para a pesquisa dos softwares foi realizado busca no site Google e em sites especializados por programas gratuitos disponíveis para Windows. Foram utilizados as palavras chaves “free dicom viewer” e “dental software”. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão 3 software foram analisados. Conhecer a existência de softwares gratuitos e que dão um grande suporte para os profissionais é de extrema importância para a odontologia atual.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.604
Dilaceração radicular: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Azevedo Carolina Drumond , Ramos Bárbara Couto Ramos Couto , Souza Priscilla Sena , Pereira Jéssica Lourdes Costa , Izar Bruna Raquel da Silva , Manzi Flávio Ricardo
Published: January 2016

A dilaceração radicular é uma anomalia de forma dentária, geralmente associada a fatores etiológicos traumáticos, na qual há uma mudança de direção da raiz, onde a parte calcificada é deslocada em relação à parte não calcificada, podendo ocorrer em qualquer ponto ao longo do comprimento radicular, dependendo

do estágio da formação radicular quando ocorre o trauma, o local e a intensidade. Esta condição acomete cerca de 3% dos dentes permanentes. O

tratamento da dilaceração radicular é controverso e o planejamento é essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho é demostrar a importância das imagens radiográficas

e tomográficas para o diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento da dilaceração radicular por meio de um caso clínico.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.610
Cerâmicas odontológicas: vantagens e limitações da zircônia
Authors: Bispo Luciano Bonatelli
Published: January 2016

A evolução dos materiais restauradores indiretos e o aumento da exigência estética proporcionaram alternativas surpreendentes na Odontologia. O uso das porcelanas feldspáticas, das vitrocerâmicas, dos compósitos cerâmicos e finalmente das policristalinas trouxe um ganho de resistência das restaurações

cerâmicas que revolucionou sua indicação e desafiou os conceitos anteriormente imutáveis. Dentre os materiais cerâmicos, a zircônia tem sido empregada quando a estética e a resistência mecânica são desejadas nos trabalhos reabilitadores protéticos. Questionamentos na literatura têm sido feitos sobre a zircônia, apesar das suas excelentes propriedades químicas e mecânicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sobre as cerâmicas odontológicas e elucidar clínicos e pesquisadores sobre as vantagens e desvantagens da zircônia como material alternativo na reabilitação protética.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.624
O uso da proteína recombinante no aumento ósseo em Implantodontia
Authors: Bispo Luciano Bonatelli
Published: January 2016

A reabsorção do osso alveolar ocorre após a perda dentária por vários fatores, tais como: exodontia, traumatismo, processos patológicos ou mesmo

reabsorção por desuso. A reabilitação com implantes requer osso em quantidade e qualidade. Os enxertos autógenos são considerados os enxertos tipo “padrão ouro” para regeneração óssea guiada. Contudo, o aumento ósseo dessa região tem sido feito também com biomateriais, que é qualquer substância, droga,

combinação de substâncias de origem natural ou sintética que pode ser usado como reposição de algum tecido, órgão ou função do corpo. Embora promissora,

a utilização das proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas na Implantodontia e na Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial ainda necessita de maior respaldo científico. O objetivo desse estudo foi fazer uma breve revisão sobre a utilização das proteínas recombinantes e esclarecer os clínicos sobre suas indicações e reais limitações.

DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.625
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among Arab Youth; a Cross-Country Study
Authors: Kheirallah Khalid A. , Alsulaiman Jomana W. , Al-Sakran Mohammad H. , Alzyoud Sukaina , Veeranki Sreenivas P. , Ward Kenneth D.
Published: January 2016

Objective: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is considered a global epidemic that is spreading among youth. Our analysis was
conducted to compare the national baseline prevalence rate estimates of WTS among Arab boys and girls.

Design, Setting and Participants: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey using standardized self-administered questionnaires; it employs a two-stage cluster sampling technique to obtain a representative sample of youth (13-15 years of age). We conducted a secondary data analysis of nationally representative GYTSs available from 16 Arab countries.

Main Measures: Youth who self-reported smoking waterpipe at least once in the past 30 days were considered to be current
waterpipe tobacco smokers. National weighted WTS prevalence rate estimates along with respective 95% confidence intervals were reported for boys and girls.

Results: Pooled GYTS data from 16 Arab countries yielded a total of 31,359 youth. Overall, 10.6% of the respondents were current waterpipe tobacco smokers, with boys (13.7%) having significantly higher estimates than girls (7.2%). Overall, current WTS prevalence rate estimates ranged from .9% in Oman to 34.2%, in Lebanon. The WTS epidemic was more predominant among boys and girls, respectively, in the West Bank (42.8% and 24.2%),  Lebanon (38.6% and 30.5%) and Jordan (25.7% and 14.5%).

Conclusion: Among Arab boys and girls, WTS represents a growing strain of the tobacco epidemic that requires immediate attention. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):107-112; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.107
A Brief, Multifaceted, Generic Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control and Reduce Disparities Had Little Effect
Authors: Kressin Nancy R. , Long Judith A. , Glickman Mark E. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Orner Michelle B. , Clark Christine , Rothendler James A. , Berlowitz Dan R.
Published: January 2016

Background. Poor blood pressure (BP) control and racial disparities therein may be a function of clinical inertia and ineffective communication about BP care.

Methods. We compared two different interventions (electronic medical record  reminder for BP care (Reminder only [RO]), and clinician training on BP care-related communication skills plus the reminder (Reminder + Training, [R+T]) with usual care in three primary care clinics, examining BP outcomes among 8,866 patients, and provider-patient communication and medication adherence among a subsample of 793.

Results. Clinician counseling improved most at R+T.  BP improved overall; R+T had a small but significantly greater reduction in diastolic BP (DBP; -1.7 mm Hg). White patients at RO experienced greater overall improvements in BP control. Site and race disparities trends suggested that disparities decreased at R+T, either stayed the same or decreased at Control; and stayed the same or increased at RO. 

Conclusions. More substantial or racial/ethnically tailored interventions are needed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):27-36; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.27
Simplified Method for Occlusal Plane Orientation in Fabrication of the Complete Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Mohamed A. , Baker P. S. , Pannu D. S.
Published: January 2016

The objective of this letter is to present the fabrication and use of a device in combination with a commercially manufactured occlusal plane guide as an aid in determining occlusal plane orientation in complete dental prosthesis treatment.
A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Sah R. B. , Pokharel P. K. , Paudel I. S. , Acharya A. , Jha N.
Published: January 2016

Background:Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.
Objectives: To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.

Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.

Results: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.

Conclusions: Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jain G. , Marwaha T. S. , Khurana A. , Dhoat P. S.
Published: January 2016

Background:Diabetes has become a major health challenge worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist.
Objective: To find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40-70 years. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4&TSH). The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of thyroid disorder, BMI, usage of OHA's and insulin and dyslipidemia was then done. The observations and interpretations were recorded and results obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results: There was a high prevalence (16%) of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, most common was subclinical hypothyroidism (7.5%) which was further found to be more in females, elderly patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes i.e. HbA1C values ≥7 or patients on insulin and patients with BMI <30.

Conclusions: Screening of thyroid dysfunction should be done in all diabetic patients especially in patients with poor diabetic control.
Peripheral Vascular Disease a Silent Assassin:Rising Trend in State of Punjab
Authors: Marwaha T. S. , Jain G. , Khurana A. , Dhoat P. S. , Kumar B.
Published: January 2016

Peripheral vascular disease is a major macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This study was done to determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus using the ankle brachial pressure index. An 12 MHz doppler probe was used in the arms and legs to assess the ankle brachial index (ABI) in 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged more than 40 years. Thorough history of patients including age, smoking history, history of symptoms of peripheral arterial disease, complete physical examination and routine investigations were collected at the time of enrolment for all subjects. A ratio of the highest blood pressure from the posterior tibial or pedal arteries of each leg to the highest blood pressure from the brachial arteries < 0.9 was considered abnormal. Abnormal ABIs were found in 33% (66/200) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 45.5% patients had ABI 0.80-0.89, 33.3% patients had ABI 0.50-0.79 and 21.2% patients had ABI <0.5 Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus is on rise in northern India so there is need to educate the patients regarding risk factor modification and importance of early intervention to prevent future progression of peripheral vascular disease.
Technique for Rebasing and Tooth Replacement of the Implant Retained Fixed Complete Denture Incorporating an Existing Metal Framework
Authors: Nahlah E. A. , Baker P. S. , Pannu D. S. , Londono J.
Published: January 2016

This article describes a simplified impression technique for replacement of acrylic resin denture base material and teeth for an implant retained fixed complete denture utilizing the existing metal framework. This method permits precise alignment of the impression and framework to implants and residual ridges, and simultaneously provides a cast and record for articulation of replacement teeth at the appropriate vertical dimension of occlusion.
Bilateral Variation in the Origin of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Authors: Kaur J. , Sharma T. , Wadhwa A. , Sharma M.
Published: January 2016

Morphological variations of sternocleidomastoid are not uncommon. During our routine dissection, in the department of anatomy PIMS Jalandhar, we encountered a rare case of presence of third head of sternocleidomastoid, bilaterally. This anomalous head is arising from clavicle lateral to the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This report not only adds to the knowledge of anatomists but will hold good to surgeons, anaesthetists and radiologists as well.
Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Ovarian Tumor in Pregnant Female
Authors: Kaur S. , Bodal V. K. , Bal M. S. , Bhagat R. , Gupta N.
Published: January 2016

Ovarian germ cell tumours comprise approximately 15% to 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. In pregnant females, its incidence is very low. They arise from primordial germ cells derived from the embryonal gonad. Malignant germ cell tumours comprise less than 5% of all ovarian neoplasms. Most malignant ovarian neoplasms in pregnant women are at early stages and are associated with good prognosis both for the mother and for the neonate. Histologic subtypes and prognosis do not differ from tumors not associated with pregnancy. Careful initial surgery with adequate staging biopsies followed by combination chemotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of these patients. We present a case of malignant mixed germ cell tumor in a pregnant female who presented with abdominal mass after delivering a normal child. Histological and biochemical tumour markers confirmed it to be malignant mixed germ cell tumor.
Innovations in an Australian Clinical Legal Education Program: Students Making a Difference in Generating Positive Change
Authors: Curran Liz
Published: January 2016

This paper will examine why in my view student lawyers who one day soon will be fully-fledged practitioners have a vital role in law reform. It will firstly draw on some of the commentary on the topic and then discuss the program I run at the West Heidelberg Community Legal Service (the legal service) which seeks to actively encourage students to view law reform as their responsibility as lawyers in the community. I should state that the approach of the law reform projects of the clinic I will discuss are still a “work in progress” as we are constantly refining and developing the process to heighten its effectiveness on those who make the laws and administer the laws which impact upon the community.
Use of Google Street View to Assess Environmental Contributions to Pedestrian Injury
Authors: Mooney Stephen J. , DiMaggio Charles J. , Lovasi Gina S. , Neckerman Kathryn M. , Bader Michael D. M. , Teitler Julien O. , Sheehan Daniel M. , Jack Darby W. , Rundle Andrew G.
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To demonstrate an information technology–based approach to assess characteristics of streets and intersections associated with injuries that is less costly and time-consuming than location-based studies of pedestrian injury.

Methods. We used imagery captured by Google Street View from 2007 to 2011 to assess 9 characteristics of 532 intersections within New York City. We controlled for estimated pedestrian count and estimated the relation between intersections’ characteristics and frequency of injurious collisions.

Results. The count of pedestrian injuries at intersections was associated with the presence of marked crosswalks (80% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2%, 218%), pedestrian signals (156% increase; 95% CI = 69%, 259%), nearby billboards (42% increase; 95% CI = 7%, 90%), and bus stops (120% increase; 95% CI = 51%, 220%). Injury incidence per pedestrian was lower at intersections with higher estimated pedestrian volumes.

Conclusions. Consistent with in-person study observations, the information-technology approach found traffic islands, visual advertising, bus stops, and crosswalk infrastructures to be associated with elevated counts of pedestrian injury in New York City. Virtual site visits for pedestrian injury control studies are a viable and informative methodology.
Young People and HIV: A Call to Action
Authors: Koenig Linda J. , Hoyer Deborah , Purcell David W. , Zaza Stephanie , Mermin Jonathan
Published: January 2016

HIV is having a significant impact on young people, among whom the rate of new diagnoses is high and health disparities are more pronounced. Incidence is increasing among young gay and bisexual men, and, among Black males, the largest percentage of new infections occur among those aged between 13 and 24 years.

Youths are least likely to experience the health and prevention benefits of treatment. Nearly half of young people with HIV are not diagnosed; among those diagnosed, nearly a quarter are not linked to care, and three quarters are not virally suppressed.

Addressing this burden will require renewed efforts to implement effective prevention strategies across multiple sectors, including educational, social, policy, and health care systems that influence prevention knowledge, service use, and treatment options for youths.
Ethical Rationale for the Ebola “Ring Vaccination” Trial Design
Authors: Rid Annette , Miller Franklin G.
Published: January 2016

The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic is the largest and most severe ever recorded. With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Ebola, clinical trials were launched within months of the epidemic in an unprecedented show of global partnership. One of these trials used a highly innovative “ring vaccination” design. The design was chosen for operational, scientific, and ethical reasons—in particular, it was regarded as ethically superior to individually randomized placebo-controlled trials.

We scrutinize the ethical rationale for the ring vaccination design. We argue that the ring vaccination design is ethical but fundamentally equivalent to placebo-controlled designs with respect to withholding a potentially effective intervention from the control group.

We discuss the implications for the ongoing ring vaccination trial and future research.
A Four-Phase Chemical/Gas Model in an Implicit-Pressure/Explicit-Concentration Reservoir Simulator
Authors: Lashgari Hamid R. , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Delshad Mojdeh
Published: January 2016

This study describes a general four-phase model developed for gas/oil/water/microemulsion (ME) coexisting at local equilibrium. The original framework of a chemical reservoir simulator is used to implement the model. This model represents a new method to couple the black-oil model with surfactant-phase behavior [i.e., the Hand (1939) rule]. The Hand (1939) rule is used to capture the equilibrium among surfactant, oil, and water species as a function of salinity and species concentrations for oil/water/ME phases. The interphase-mass transfer between gas/oil in the presence of the ME phase is calculated at the equilibrium between phases. For this purpose, a new volume-balance equation is derived to consider the pressure equation for compressible and real mixing in such a model. Hence, the pressure equation is derived by extending the black-oil model to a pseudocompositional model for a wide range of components (water, oil, surfactant, polymer, anion, cation, alcohol, and gas). Mass-balance equations are then solved for the components to calculate the concentration. Finally, we implemented the coupled surfactant and black-oil phase-behavior models and the fluid-flow formulations in an implicit-pressure/explicit-concentration (IMPEC) chemical-flooding simulator: UTCHEM (2011) four-phase.

The results were verified against existing reservoir simulators for two different three-phase test cases comprising gas/oil/water and oil/water/ME. Then, the performance of the model in the presence of four phases was tested and validated against coreflood experimental data. The results showed that the new phase behavior and the fluid-flow equations are consistent with three-phase reservoir simulators for the case studies.

In addition, the findings of this work can be used to model and capture the mechanisms behind processes such as micellar slug foam and alkaline and surfactant flooding into saturated (gas cap) reservoirs as well as alternating or coinjection of surfactant and gas processes. Modeling of such processes is far from satisfactory in existing phase behavior and fluid-flow simulators.
Effect of Carbodiimide on Bonding Durability of Adhesive-cemented Fiber Posts in Root Canals
Authors: Shafiei F , Yousefipour B , Mohammadi-Bassir M
Published: January 2016

This study was undertaken to investigate whether using a protein cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), improves bonding stability of fiber posts to root dentin using three resin cements. Sixty human maxillary central incisor roots were randomly divided into six groups after endodontic treatment, according to the cements used with and without EDC pretreatment. In the etch-and-rinse group, 0.3 M EDC aqueous solution was applied on acid-etched root dentin prior to Excite DSC/Variolink II for post cementation. In the self-etch and self-adhesive groups, EDC was used on EDTA-conditioned root space prior to application of ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA, respectively. After microslicing the root dentin, a push-out bond strength (BS) test was performed immediately or after one-year of water storage for each group. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). A significant effect of cement type, time, EDC, and Time × Cement and Time × EDC interactions were observed (p≤0.001). EDC pretreatment did not affect immediate bonding of the three cements (p>0.05). Aging significantly reduced the BS in all the groups (p≤0.001), but EDC groups exhibited a higher BS compared with the respective control groups (p<0.001). Despite the significant effect of aging on decreasing the BS of fiber post to radicular dentin, EDC could diminish this effect for the three tested cements.
Clinical Performance of Composite Restorations with Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Lining in Root Surface Carious Lesions
Authors: Koc Vural U , Gökalp S , Kiremitci A
Published: January 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations in root surface carious lesions with or without resin-modified glass ionomer lining.

Methods and Materials: The sample consisted of 25 female and 14 male patients. A maximum of four lesions were included for each patient. After caries removal, the depth, length, and width of the cavity were measured. Lesions in the same patient were randomly divided into two groups, and the dentin surfaces were either lined with resin-modified glass ionomer liner (Glass Liner II) or left as they were. Self-etch adhesive (All Bond SE) was applied and cured for 20 seconds. All cavities were restored with nanohybrid anterior composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic). Two experienced clinicians evaluated the marginal adaptation (retention) rate, anatomic form, secondary caries, sensitivity, and marginal staining of restorations at the end of the first week and at six, 12, and 18 months posttreatment. The data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square and two-way repeated measures tests.

Results: At the end of 18 months, a total of five lined and three unlined restorations were lost. There was no significant relationship between marginal adaptation and cavity lining at six, 12, and 18 months (p>0.05). Although marginal stainings of restorations were mostly localized, the total number of localized or generalized discolored restorations increased with time (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between marginal staining and smoking (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between marginal staining and frequency of toothbrushing at six, 12, and 18 months (p=0.286, p=0.098, and p=0.408, respectively).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both restorative applications were accepted as clinically appropriate.
Binary Classification of Heart Failures Using k-NN with Various Distance Metrics
Authors: Udovychenko Yevhenii , Popov Anton , Chaikovsky Illya
Published: January 2016

Magnetocardiography is a sensitive technique of measuring low magnetic fields generated by heart functioning, which is used for diagnostics of large number of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN)technique is used for binary classification of myocardium current density distribution maps (CDDM)from patients with negative T-peak, male and female patients with microvessels (diffuse) abnormalities and sportsmen, which are compared with normal control subjects. Number of neighbors for k-NN classifier was selected to obtain highest classification characteristics. Specificity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity of classification as functions of number of neighbors in k-NN are obtained for classification with several distance measures: Mahalanobis, Cityblock, Eucleadian and Chebyshev. Increase of the accuracy of classification for all groups up to 10% was obtained usingCityblock distance metric in binary k-NN classifier with 19 - 27 neighbors, comparing to other metrics. Obtained results are acceptable for further patient’s state evaluation.
Analysis of the Possibilities for Using a Uniform Bragg Grating in a Tunable Dispersion Compensator
Authors: Wójcik Waldemar , Kisała Piotr , Yussupova Gulbahar , Kussambayeva Nazym , Kashaganova Gulzhan , Harasim Damian
Published: January 2016

The article presents a tunable fibre optic dispersion compensator system, consisting of a specially designed cantilever beam and a uniform Bragg grating. It analyses the group delay and dispersion characteristics in the case that there is no apodization of the grating and also for a grating with apodization used for modulation of the refractive index. Various apodization parameters were tested, along with their effects on the dispersion characteristics of the entire system properties. It is demonstrated in the paper that the apodization parameter affects the compensator’s group delay characteristic. The finite elements method was used to design a compensator of such a shape that enabled chirp to be induced in a grating of a specified shape. A new design is presented for the system, in which the dispersion properties are tuned by the maximum value of the heterogeneous deformation of the compensator. The paper also includes results showing the effect of the maximum value of heterogeneous stress of the grating on the dispersion characteristics of the proposed construction.
Separate Legal Entity of Corporation: The Corporate Veil
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Rehman Zahoor
Published: January 2016

The concept of separate legal entity is 500 years old and it means that the corporation is separate in all spheres of its activities. It is separate from its owner, from its employees and due to this separation between the corporation and an individual the shareholders’ liability is also limited. A corporation is established through four different ways i.e. continuity, self-governance, identification persona, and specification of assets. The personhood of a corporation is evolved with the passage of time through different court judgments in which Salomon case plays the role of corner stone. The corporation can own, sell and buy property in its name. The corporation can sue and be sued in the court of law as a legal person.  Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 1-4
Life-Cycle Cost–Based Decision Framework for Failed Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Materials in Indiana
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Yuan Chenxi , Cai Hubo
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study is to create a decision framework based on life-cycle cost (LCC) for failed portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) materials in Indiana. The Indiana Department of Transportation (DOT) has a standard practice in testing and accepting the construction of PCCP. The challenge, though, is to make informed decisions concerning PCCP sections of failed materials and whether they should be removed and replaced or be accepted with a heavy penalty. This paper presents a decision framework for failed materials based on the long-term performance of PCCP and its LCC. The framework incorporates the PAVESPEC LCC module, a tool package developed as part of the performance-related specifications research efforts. The comparison of as-designed LCC and as-constructed LCC reveals the financial impact of failed PCCP materials. Probability and user confidence were incorporated to address the risk of accepting failed materials because of inferior pavement performance and shortened service life. Many simulations of various failed material scenarios were executed to develop, calibrate, and validate the decision framework. It was found that the interaction between acceptable quality characteristics (AQCs), that is, flexural strength, air content, thickness, and smoothness, had a significant impact on the LCC estimates. This framework was able to capture the composite impact of multiple AQCs deviating from their design target and provides a monetary base for the Indiana DOT to make informed decisions concerning failed PCCP materials.
Mechanism of Transverse Crack Development in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement at Early Ages
Authors: Choi Seongcheol , Ha Soojun , Won Moon C.
Published: January 2016

The transverse crack in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), more specifically transverse crack spacing and crack widths, has been cited as one of the most important pavement structural responses determining CRCP performance. Efforts have been made to predict crack spacing and crack widths for given environmental conditions and traffic loading, pavement structure, and material properties, with the primary objective of developing rational CRCP designs. However, that most transverse cracks develop at or near transverse steel implies substantial interactions between transverse steel and other factors causing transverse cracks. These interactions have not been fully incorporated in the theoretical models developed so far to predict transverse crack spacing and crack widths in CRCP. This study investigated the interactions between transverse steel and other factors and identified the mechanisms of transverse crack development at or near the transverse steel. Drying shrinkage and temperature drop in concrete cause concrete volume contractions in all directions (not just transverse and longitudinal, but vertical directions as well). Interactions between concrete volume contraction vertically and transverse steel cause larger concrete tensile stresses at or near transverse steel than at other areas and cause a higher probability of transverse cracks near transverse steel. Traditionally, subgrade drag theory has been used in the design of transverse steel even though current practice is to place just enough transverse steel to support longitudinal steel during concrete placement. If transverse cracks have such substantial effects on CRCP performance as currently thought, interactions between transverse steel and other factors should be considered in the design of optimum transverse steel.
Calibration of National Rigid Pavement Performance Models for the Pavement Mechanistic–Empirical Design Guide
Authors: Sachs Steven , Vandenbossche Julie M. , Snyder Mark B.
Published: January 2016

AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design, software developed from the AASHTO Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), uses performance data extracted primarily from the long-term pavement performance database to calibrate the performance prediction models for rigid pavements. In this study, factorial designs were generated as a subset of the national rigid pavement database for calibration of the MEPDG rigid pavement performance models. Three separate factorial designs were included for each rigid pavement performance model for (a) jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) transverse cracking, (b) JPCP faulting (doweled and undoweled), and (c) continuously reinforced concrete pavement punchouts. Experimental design variables for each model were selected to provide the broadest possible representation of key design, construction, and environmental features. The three performance models were then calibrated with the developed factorial matrices. The results were presented along with the calibration procedure. A validation of the calibrated models was then conducted with sites not included in the factorial matrices. An evaluation compared design slab thicknesses required to meet specified performance criteria determined with these and other previously established calibration coefficients. Finally, conclusions and recommendations based on the experiences gained conducting this study are provided.
Comparison of Full-Depth Reclamation with Portland Cement and Full-Depth Reclamation with No Stabilizer in Accelerated Loading Test
Authors: Jones David , Wu Rongzong , Louw Stefan
Published: January 2016

Full-depth reclamation (FDR) with or without various stabilizers has been successfully used as a rehabilitation strategy in California since 2001. Long-term field monitoring on several FDR projects that used foamed asphalt with portland cement as the stabilizer combined with a comprehensive laboratory study resulted in the preparation of guidelines and specification language for this rehabilitation strategy in 2008. However, the design criteria were essentially empirical, in line with California design procedures for a rehabilitation project of this level. Recently, interest has grown in the use of cement, engineered emulsion, and no-stabilizer FDR strategies in addition to foamed asphalt and in the use of mechanistic design in a greater range of rehabilitation projects. Consequently, the research initiative was extended to a second phase including accelerated load testing on an instrumented test track constructed with these four FDR strategies to gather data for developing performance models that could be included in mechanistic–empirical rehabilitation design procedures. This paper summarizes results of the second set of tests in this accelerated loading study, which compared no-stabilizer and portland cement strategies. The portland cement stabilized section outperformed the unstabilized section in all measured aspects. The most notable observation was in relation to rutting performance; the unstabilized section reached a terminal rut depth of 13 mm after approximately 490,000 equivalent standard axle loads were applied, compared with the cement section, which had a rut depth of only 3.0 mm after more than 43.3 million equivalent standard axle loads. No cracking was observed on either section at the end of testing. Advantages of using portland cement over unstabilized pulverized material are clearly evident from the results.
Socio-economic status of buffalo farmers and the performances of buffaloes at Lalpur Upozila of Natore district in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiki MA , Amin MR , Kabir AKMA , Faruque MO , Khandaker ZH
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was designed to investigate the socio-economic status of buffalo farmers, productive and reproductive performances and management practices of buffaloes at different villages of Lalpur Upozila of Natore district in Bangladesh. For this investigation total one hundred twenty buffalo farmers were selected from twelve villages. Ten farmers who have at least five buffaloes were randomly selected from each village. The investigation revealed that majority of the buffalo farmers was below 30 years of age. Fifty five percent farmers were educated and remarkable number of farmer (40%) were reared only livestock. More than 80 % of the farmer holding 2 to 5 acres of land, and maximum farmers belonged to medium income categories. Sixty eight percent of the farmers took bank loan and/ or NGO loan for rearing buffaloes. Most of the farmers practiced buffalo rearing as their family profession. The buffalo of this area was mostly crossbred types. The highest numbers of buffaloes found were heifer. More than 80% of the farmer kept their female buffaloes above five years. In this study area the average milk production of buffalo was 3.32L/d. Birth weight of crossbred buffalo calves was 30.5 kg, weaning and slaughter age of buffaloes in selected areas were 16 and 57 months respectively. The average age at first heat was 3.47 years. The gestation period, number of service per conception, post partum hear period and inter calving period was 10 months, 3.42 times, 5.31 and 13.5 months, respectively. Most of the farmers maintain their buffaloes mainly in extensive system, and availability of the feeds and fodder was the major problem for buffalo rearing. Most of the farmers were fully depend on river bed (char) grasses and grazing their buffaloes 5-7 hours. Out of locally available feeds and fodders rice straw, river bed grasses and sugarcane top were the main source of feeds for buffaloes. The CP content of baghata grass was found higher compared to other unconventional grasses. Incidence of diseases, foot and mouth diseases was high and farmers did not follow any vaccination and de-warming programme. The annual cost of production per buffalo was Tk. 8741.50 while a gross return per buffalo was Tk. 25028.50. The annual educational capacity increased of the buffalo farmers was 63% but other parameters were also increased through buffalo rearing. Considering all this parameters related to livelihood, it was clearly found that the socio-economic status of the buffalo farmers was improved through buffalo rearing.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):157-165
Chemical and microbial qualities of morning and evening milk collected from selected dairy farms in Chittagong City of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter S , Galib MAA , Kabir H , Nath SK , Afrin K , Sarker MS
Published: January 2016

This study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological qualities of raw milk in the Chittagong City. Eighty samples of raw milk of cow were collected in the morning and evening from the surrounding farms of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. The results of compositional analysis evolved that fat, SNF, protein, lactose, specific gravity, freezing point  and mineral were (3.94±0.22%), (7.91±0.17%), (3.11±0.08%), (4.32±0.10%), (1.026±0.00), (-0.46±0.007), (0.68±0.01%), respectively. The fat% of evening milk was significantly higher (p0.001) than morning milk. Rest of the parameters were not significant. Microbiological enumeration revealed for the counts of total viable bacteria (cfu/ml) and coliform (cfu/ml) were 730500±639 and 280±1.36 in the morning milk and 628625±566 and 326±1.84 in the evening milk, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that the nutritional quality of evening raw milk was higher than in the morning raw milk.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):171-175
Growth performance of calves fed shoti, wheat and soybean based milk replacers
Authors: Roy BK , Sarker NR , Alam MK , Huque KS
Published: January 2016

A study was conducted with objectives to determine the comparative growth performance of calves fed shoti, wheat and soybean based milk replacers and their economics. To achieve the objectives, a total of 24 local calves of about 6-10 days of age were selected and divided in four groups; having six (6) calves in each. A limited suckling with feeding whole milk considered as control (To), suckling along with feeding of wheat, shoti and soybean based milk replacer considered as treatments and denoted as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Results obtained in the present study revealed that, the total DM, OM and CP intake did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, calves in T2 group sucked significantly (p<0.01) higher milk or milk DM compared to milk sucked by calves in T0, T1 and T3, respectively. No significant differences (p>0.05) was observed in average daily weight gain (ADG) of calves among the treatment groups. The feed conversion efficiency (FCR) was relatively better (p>0.05) in calves those fed shoti and soybean based MR compared to calves fed wheat and control diets. The overall levels of both glucose and BUN did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in calves under different treatment groups. The total cost of per kg wheat (T1), shoti (T2) and Soybean (T3) based MR were Tk. 52.69, Tk. 94.45 and Tk. 51.11, respectively. The processing cost per kg MR was increased Tk. 41.00-43.00 in T2 group than that of T1 and T3 groups. The feeding cost per calf per day was reduced Tk. 88.93.00 Tk. 57.87 and Tk. 82.55 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively than that of T0 group. Results considering for both FCR and per day feeding cost, it indicates that T2 and T3 diets i.e, shoti and soybean based MR maintained growth of calves compared to wheat based MR and milk fed calves.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 33-43, Jan-Dec 2012