bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized form of tularemia in pediatric surgeon practice: Difficulties of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Guseva N. B. , Goldenberg I. G. , Timonina A. V. , Nikitin V. S.
Published: January 2023

Tularemia in the practice of a pediatric surgeon is a rare disease, and abdominal and generalized forms of it are not detected without specific laboratory diagnostics. The long-term serious condition of patients, intoxication, abdominal pain with excluded acute surgical pathology in children force differential diagnosis with rare infectious diseases, including tularemia. In the Russian Federation, up to 30 children a year are diagnosed with tularemia, with the exception of outbreaks of the disease in some years. At the same time, the generalized form is detected in no more than 10% of patients. The authors presented a clinical case of a generalized form of tularemia in a 17-year-old patient. The disease started with abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. At the beginning of the disease, a diagnostic error was made — suspicion of ovarian inversion and laparotomy according to Pfannenstiel. In the further development of the disease, pronounced ascites were detected with the production of up to 5 liters of effusion per day, damage to the kidneys, liver, heart, gastrointestinal tract. Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis up to 89×109, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased levels of creatinine, urea, transaminases, C-reactive protein, proteinuria persisted for a long time. Indirect hemagglutination reaction with tularemia diagnosticum made it possible to establish the diagnosis of tularemia, generalized form. During two weeks of the disease, an 8-fold increase in the titer of antibodies was noted. Syndrome therapy and specific antibacterial therapy made it possible to stop the infectious process and discharge the patient home on the 44th day of the illness with recovery.
Empowering model learning English test for economic students
Authors: Suardhana I Nengah
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to find out which one was the best learning model for implementing the mid-semester exam and final semester exam model in class for economics students during online class and offline classes at Universitas Pendidikan Nasional. This research was a descriptive study. The subject selection technique used purposive sampling to obtain creativity data from seventy-two students with empowering abilities in the active Model learning process. The findings of this study indicated that the students surveyed did not take their class tests seriously. Few of them take it seriously since they don't know how to study in college yet. During the test, most students had no idea what to do because the lecturer's content from class directed them. Therefore, it’s important to note that the different levels of thinking defined within each domain of the Taxonomy are hierarchical. These two levels were significant in mastering the subject matter in the classroom. Students needed to be well informed on the proper model to use while taking class assessments.
Discussing practical work methods in digital tools-performance based architecture assignments
Authors: Irwan Dede , Nurmala Nurmala
Published: January 2023

This study discussed practical work methods for architectural tasks based on digital technology. We carry out a series of data thefts and analyze them under a phenomenological approach. Among other things, we code the data, evaluate interpretations and draw conclusions to get valid and convincing answers. Searching for data electronically on publications released between 2010 and 2022 is because, during this era, there was a rapid development of the use and transformation of lodges in the world. After reviewing the data, we reported it qualitatively by relying on secondary data in a systematic review design. The results include that digital applications have helped architects' world tasks effectively and efficiently. We hope these findings contribute to the works of academics, researchers, and policymaking.
Acceleration of Organic Vegetables as a Leading Product of Subsidy Housing through Integrated Marketing Communication
Authors: Hadi Utomo Sugeng , Merlinda Santi , Yusida Ermita , Annisa Qurrata Vika
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the service is to increase the added value of products on organic vegetables inÂ the Perumahan Bulan Terang Utama, Malang City.Â Organic and superior vegetable products in the Perumahan Bulan Terang Utama include mustard greens, chilies, telang flowers. The activity is based on the concept of integrated marketing communication through 7P (Product, Promotion, Price (Distribution Channel), Place, People (HR), Process, Physical Evidence or Packaging. In this activity, the object of service was assisted in the form of mica, vegetable plastic and product branding stickers, and product logo branding to increase value-added and consumer interest in organic vegetables. In addition, another goal is to increase the branding of organic vegetable production to increase the market share and income of the managers (Botanical Garden community). Â Through the training and assistance provided, it is hoped that it can increase the productivity of organic vegetables and inspire communities in other regions to care about the environment and the style of healthy living. Â
The Factors Associated with Risk and Time Preferences: Evidence from Australian Data
Authors:   Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana & Australian National University, Titis Pertiwi Angelita
Published: January 2023

Risk and time preferences are crucial to economic growth because they can influence people's decisions about saving and investing. These preferences may partially explain inequality, the reason why the poor will always be poor. The aims of this study is to investigate the potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity of risk-taking and patient behavior in Australia using cross-sectional data from 2019. This investigation looks for the association between risk-taking and patient behavior and sociodemographic characteristics using the OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) assessment. Age, gender, education, socio-economic index, household formations, indigenous individuals, spoken language at home for daily conversation, and country of birth are the variables. The key finding in terms of patience is that people with higher levels of education, people who live in areas with higher levels of socio-economic advantage, and individuals who live in a home with couple-family have higher levels of time preference. Moreover, persistence is adversely related with native endlessly individuals brought into the world in principally English-talking foundation nations. As far as hazard inclinations, the primary outcome is that ladies are more gamble unwilling than men. Besides, risk-taking way of behaving is decidedly related with individuals living in regions encountering lower levels of financial drawback, individuals living in a solitary parent family, and individuals brought into the world in basically non-English talking foundation nations.
English Teaching and Mastering for Learners with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Infantri Ilham Rizky , Lintangsari Alies Poetri
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out the challenges and obstacles that arise in teaching through analysis of review papers over the last 10 years with a traditional literature review approach. This study aims at investigating English Teaching and Mastering for Learners with Intellectual Disabilities according to a literature review that the researchers found in a reputable journal. The researcher used traditional literature review. Based on the ten articles analysis, teaching and mastering English for learners with intellectual disabilities have some challenges, obstacles and methods depending on the grade level. Several challenges and obstacles in teaching and mastering have been solved. This study aims to reveal English Teaching and Mastering for Learners with Intellectual Disabilities. Knowing the teaching and mastering process in teaching English for learners with Intellectual Disability is important in order to know what to change from our educational system. Problems inevitably happen in teaching English, especially when teaching learners with disabilities.
PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E TECNOLOGIA:
Authors: Stecanella Elouise Mileni , Olsson Giovanni
Published: January 2023

O objetivo do artigo é analisar se a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), por meio de suas metas 4.b, 9.5 e 9.b, contribui para a concretização de uma educação atrelada à inovação, ciência e tecnologia. Parte-se da concepção de um processo histórico do progresso ao desenvolvimento, com a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) como instrumento para um caminho sustentável, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas no planeta, angariando, entre outros objetivos e metas, a educação, a ciência, a inovação e a tecnologia. Com base em um estudo teórico, a pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, recorrendo à técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, através da utilização de obras específicas sobre a temática, além do emprego de documentos de organizações internacionais direcionados ao assunto. Conclui-se que a Agenda 2030 da ONU é mecanismo importante para a promoção da educação, o incentivo da ciência e da pesquisa como contribuintes para a sociedade, e da utilização da tecnologia e inovação como fontes de disseminação de conhecimento para a resolução de problemas.
DOES BRAZIL’S MODEL OF FEDERALISM REQUIRE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM? A DISCUSSION BASED ON THE WILTON PAES DE ALMEIDA TRAGEDY
Authors: Da Costa e Silva Lima João Marcelo , Joppert Ragazzo Carlos Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

The political cost-effectiveness of blame-shifting strategies, which produces incentives for low-quality policy responses and creates a democratic accountability problem, becomes particularly apparent in the context of urban tragedies such as the one involving Wilton Paes de Almeida, a low-income residential building in São Paulo owned by the federal government and occupied by a low-income population. We seek to respond to the question of whether Brazil’s model of federalism requires institutional reform in order to address the blame-shifting problem using the Wilton Paes de Almeida tragedy as a case study. First, we ask to what extent can expect blame-shifting strategies to be ultimately corrected by what we call the “regulation” of Brazilian federalism through litigation. Second, we investigate whether institutional reform risks reducing current levels of democratic accountability by altering a desirable institutional framework, where citizens can turn to more than one level of government to address problems. We conclude that the institutional reform of Brazil’s model of federalism should be on the table.
EROSÃO DEMOCRÁTICA E LEGALISMO AUTOCRÁTICO:
Authors: Mussoi Hélio Gustavo , De Quadros Doacir Gonçalves
Published: January 2023

Este artigo reflete sobre os atos normativos editados pelo governo Bolsonaro e que alteraram o desenho institucional dos conselhos gestores de políticas públicas integrantes da administração pública federal. O método adotado é o analítico-dedutivo a partir da reflexão teórica sobre a literatura que trata o Estado Constitucional, o legalismo autocrático e a legislação vigente acerca dos conselhos gestores. A conclusão é de que os atos normativos editados pelo governo sobre os conselhos gestores de âmbito nacional violam os parâmetros democráticos do Estado constitucional, constituindo um dos elementos do legalismo autocrático.
O RECONHECIMENTO DA SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL NO SISTEMA DA ORGANIZAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DO TRABALHO
Authors: Machado André Luiz Sienkievicz , Gomes Ana Virginia Moreira
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar o processo de reconhecimento material e formal da saúde do trabalhador como novo princípio fundamental do Direito Internacional do Trabalho ou, de modo mais específico, no âmbito do sistema de regulação e proteção da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, com ênfase no desenvolvimento ações estratégicas prioritárias da agenda do trabalho decente. Para isso, como método, procedeu-se à consulta, ao tratamento e à análise de documentos que integram as bases de dados e de publicações da OIT, mantidas no sítio dela na rede mundial de computadores, incluindo os atos normativos (base Normlex). De maneira complementar, empregou-se idêntico procedimento sobre o acervo documental eletrônico de outros atores internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas e a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Recorreu-se, ainda, à literatura especializada, adotando-se como marco teórico essencial a aproximação entre saúde e direitos humanos, com ênfase na perspectiva das capacidades humanas centrais, na forma proposta por Nussbaum (2011) e os pressupostos do modelo de regulação inteligente apresentados por Gunningham e Sinclair (2017). Atingiu-se a conclusão de que existe a necessidade ou, ao menos, a possibilidade e a conveniência jurídica e política de reconhecer a saúde do trabalhador como direito (e princípio) fundamental do sistema da OIT. Esse reconhecimento permitirá a formulação e a execução de políticas e projetos prioritários dentro do arco de ações estratégicas desse organismo internacional.
PRECATÓRIOS NA ESFERA DO TRF DA 1ª REGIÃO:
Authors: Ramos Favacho de Miranda Iná Camila , Cavaleiro de Macedo Scaff Luma
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a forma como os efeitos das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidades n. 4357 e 4425 operam sobre os índices de correção monetária e juros de mora na sistemática de precatórios, a partir de julgamentos ocorridos antes e depois de 25.03.2015, no âmbito do Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região. O presente estudo está dividido em três capítulos. O primeiro apresenta o referencial teórico com enfoque nos principais conceitos. O segundo examina as teses expostas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. O terceiro abarca a descrição da metodologia, seleção das jurisprudências, análise e interpretação dos resultados à luz da literatura abordada na pesquisa e dos efeitos da modulação das referidas ADI’s. Os resultados indicam que não há uniformização na jurisprudência, tampouco na aplicação dos índices de correção monetária antes ou após a modulação dos efeitos decorrentes das ADI’s 4357 e 4425. Quanto aos juros de mora, os resultados indicam a aplicação de critérios homogêneos pela jurisprudência.
AUTORITARISMO E ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL:
Authors: Fernandes Sampaio de Melo Myrlla Arielle , De Melo Ferreira Emanuel
Published: January 2023

As audiências de custódia compreendem direito fundamental no contexto das prisões em flagrante, pois buscam coibir a violência policial e garantir o controle judicial sobre a correção e real necessidade delas. Nessa linha, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), cumprindo determinação do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no contexto do reconhecido Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional (ECI) no sistema prisional brasileiro, buscou atuar em prol da eficácia jurídica de tal direito, enfrentando, no entanto, reações políticas adversas. Nessa linha, o tema central deste artigo é: como o bolsonarismo atuou no Parlamento para impedir da implementação das audiências de custódia? A questão somente pode ser respondida a partir de metodologia na qual se perquira como o Poder Legislativo interagiu com o STF a partir do citado precedente, com a pesquisa acerca dos projetos de atos normativos no contexto do ECI. A partir daí, foi possível detectar atuação do Deputado Federal Eduardo Bolsonaro na qual se buscava suspender a referida atuação do CNJ, tendo em vista possível ofensa à segurança pública, transformando o policial em suspeito, bem como a inutilidade prática da medida. Conclui-se sustentando que a justificativa utilizada é falsa, seja no âmbito normativo ou empírico, compondo caso de uso autoritário da política contra o direito.
DECISÕES EM COLEGIADO REFLETEM UMA RAZÃO COLETIVA
Authors: Sado Victor Yudi Ichihara , Araujo Reis Cláudio , Pires Gontijo André
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo, a partir de revisões bibliográficas, tratamos de dois problemas que se conjugam, qual seja, a suposta desunidade coletiva e inconsistências racionais no STF. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que apesar de haver dispersão de razões nos argumentos dos ministros da nossa corte constitucional isso não se torna um empecilho completo para irromper a coletividade das decisões que se dão no modelo seriatim e por agregação de juízos. Embora apontamos essa possibilidade, concluímos também que a ratio de decidendi de um argumento é um tanto indeterminada. Defendemos que a epistemologia social e institucional já possui condições teóricas para deixar explícito que a visão institucional do STF se dá por uma função ditatorial e por delegação de razões.
Моделирование подвижности носителей заряда в зависимости от морфологии органического слоя, содержащего кристаллиты
Authors: Никитенко В.Р. , Бурдаков Я.В. , Саунина А.Ю.
Published: January 2023

A Monte Carlo simulation of the charge carrier mobility in a polymer layer with a thickness of about 100 nm, containing both nanosized crystallites and disordered (amorphous) regions, has been carried out. The mobility has a maximum at a certain energy depth of crystallites. The mobility increases along with an increase in the fraction of crystallites and can exceed its value for the case of disordered material by several orders of magnitude.
Терморефлектометрия монокристаллов селенида ртути в диапазоне 35-300 K в оптоволоконной схеме накачка-зондирование с интерферометром Фабри-Перо
Authors: Лончаков А.Т. , Бобин С.Б. , Котов А.Н. , Старостин А.А. , Шангин В.В.
Published: January 2023

A study of the reflection of infrared radiation at a wavelength of 1530 nm from the surface of HgSe single crystals in a two-beam pump-probe fiber-optic scheme was carried out using the thermoreflectometry (TR) method with a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FP). Along with the “high-temperature” anomaly of the probe laser signal (at T > 100 K) in the relaxation region, a “low-temperature” anomaly was revealed in the heating region, consisting in a change in signal polarity at T < 50 K. A qualitative interpretation of the observed features of the relative intensity of the reflected signal in the region of heating and relaxation is proposed, based on the hypothesis of two types of Weyl nodes in HgSe with bulk and surface chiral states.
Влияние режимов формирования контактной системы Pd/Ge/Au к n-GaAs на ее электрические характеристики
Authors: Малевская А.В. , Солдатенков Ф.Ю. , Левин Р.В. , Потапович Н.С.
Published: January 2023

The investigations of Pd/Ge/Au contact system forming regimes influence on the specific contact resistivity to n-type conductivity GaAs layer were carried out. The method of samples surface treatment before the layers evaporation and thermal annealing regimes in H2, N2 and Ar atmosphere influence on contact system parameters was investigated. The specific contact resistivity value 2-3•10-6 Ohm•cm2 at the reduced annealing temperature 190 C was archived.
Особенности пробоя тяжелых инертных газов в сфокусированном пучке излучения Новосибирского лазера на свободных электронах
Authors: Сидоров А.В. , Веселов А.П. , Водопьянов А.В. , Кубарев В.В. , Горбачев Я.И. , Шевченко О.А.
Published: January 2023

The results of experimental studies on the breakdown of noble gases (argon and krypton) by terahertz radiation from the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL) are presented. For the first time, the breakdown thresholds of noble gases by terahertz radiation were measured in a wide pressure range (0.2 – 1.5 bar). Previous experiments to measure breakdown thresholds in the THz range in various gases were carried out for hundreds of GHz or at atmospheric pressure. Experimental breakdown thresholds are compared with calculated data using various simplified models.
Лазерный двигатель на основе абляционно-реактивного эффекта в пленках
Authors: Державин С.И. , Кравченко Я.В. , Мамонов Д.Н. , Тимошкин В.Н. , Чебан М.Д.
Published: January 2023

The operation principle and design of a solid-fuel laser pulse jet engine are proposed. An experimental confirmation of the proposed operation principle of the laser engine has been obtained.
Динамика ионов в струе стационарного плазменного двигателя, работающего на криптоне
Authors: Меркурьев Д.В. , Баранов С.В. , Ким В.П. , Мельников А.В. , Шилов Е.А.
Published: January 2023

The results of the spatial accelerated ion flow density distribution and of the mean energy of ions exhausting thruster and moving in the different directions in the Dynamics of ions in the plume of the stationary plasma thruster operating with Krypton of the experimental SPT model of new scheme operating with Krypton are presented in the given paper. There are also presented the results of the directed radial and “back” ion flows in the vicinity of the mentioned SPT experimental model.
Массивы квазиодномерных нанокристаллов GaAs, выращенные на окисленной поверхности гетероструктуры Si/GaAs(001): влияние толщины эпитаксиального слоя Si на строение массива
Authors: Емельянов Е.А. , Дель Т.А. , Петрушков М.О. , Настовьяк А.Г. , Спирина А.А. , Гаврилова Т.А. , Семягин Б.Р. , Васев А.В. , Путято М.А. , Преображенский В.В.
Published: January 2023

Structures with arrays of planar and tilted quasi-one-dimensional GaAs nanocrystals have been grown on GaAs(001) substrates. An epitaxial silicon layer oxidized in air was used as a passivation coating. The amount of silicon deposited varied from structure to structure and was equivalent to 1, 2, 4, and 6 atomic layers. It has been found that in the case of a passivation layer based on silicon with a thickness of 1 atomic layer, an array of planar nanocrystals is formed, and in other cases, inclined quasi-one-dimensional nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are surrounded by crystallites, the shape, size, orientation, and distribution density of which change with the amount of silicon. The lowest density of crystallites was achieved with a silicon layer 6 atomic layers thick.
Электрон-фотонные взаимодействия в условиях размерного ограничения проводимости в полупроводниковых одиночных квантово-размерных частицах в межэлектродном нанозазоре
Authors: Жуков Н.Д. , Гавриков М.В. , Роках А.Г.
Published: January 2023

For quantum-size particles of the InSb, PbS, HgSe, CdSe semiconductors, a model of competition of dimensional quantum restrictions and blocking with a single-electron current and Coulomb restriction, as well as heating electrons with an electric field of the light wave, is proposed. This made it possible to explain the highly multiplicity (up to two orders of order) of a change in photoconductivity observed in conditions of tunnel conductivity, and in the conditions of the сonfinition - the absence of inter-zone and inter-level photoconductivity. The resonant current peaks of quantum conductivity observed on the V-I characteristics when irritating with light of any wavelength (in the interval of 0.4–1.2 µm) are reset or shifted towards smaller voltage values. The energy minimum recorded in this case is estimated as 100 meV. The results can be useful in resolving issues of application in uncooled IR detectors, including single-photon registration.
Integral criterion for estimation the effectiveness of lithotripsy-treated urolithiasis
Authors: Arbuzov I. A. , Feofilov I. V. , Rakhimov S. A. , Chernega V. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Various criteria are used to assess the quality of lithotripsy-treated urolithiasis, the main of which is the stone free rate (SFR). Along with this criteria, the risk of complications, the duration of lithotripsy, the amount of retropulsion, the length of hospital bed-days and others are also considered when comparing lithotripsy methods. However, each of these criteria evaluates only one side of lithotripsy-treated urolithiasis.

Objective. To develop a universal integral criterion for the effectiveness of urolithiasis treatment using lithotripsy.

Materials and methods. The method of expert assessments was used to determine the factors affecting the overall effectiveness of lithotripsy. Expert survey was carried out using the questionnaire method. Mathematical methods of the operations research theory and the criteria importance theory were used to construct an integral efficiency criterion.

Results. It is suggested that a weighted sum of factors determined in the process of conducting expert assessments be used as an integral criterion for the effectiveness of lithotripsy-treated urolithiasis. Factors are SFR coefficient, average surgery length, complications and average hospital bed-day. The weight factors to consider the degree of influence of these factors are w1 = 0.436; w2 = 0.143; w3 = 0.240; w4 = 0.181, respectively

Conclusion. The proposed integral indicator can find wide application in urological practice, since it allows considering not only the relative proportion of patients who do not have stones after lithotripsy, but also the probability of complications, as well as the length of hospital bed-days, which affect the treatment cost and the patient's quality of life.
New-generation synthetic implants for the surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence: design and testing
Authors: Shkarupa D. D. , Shakhaliev R. A. , Shulgin A. S. , Filipenko T. S. , Kubin N. D. , Suchkov D. A. , Shkarupa O. A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Up to 50.0% of postpartum women experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). One of the most common and pathogenetically substantiated methods for surgical correction of severe SIU and POP is prosthetic reconstruction of the pelvic floor, involves the use of monofilament polypropylene surgical meshes through vaginal or laparoscopic access.. However, this way is associated with specific problems, i.e., primarily mucosal erosions, and pelvic pain. This has served as a trigger for the development of new materials that reduce the likelihood of such side effects.

Objective. To develop the new-generation synthetic implants for surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

Materials and methods. The main development stages: 1. design of an experimental sample of a synthetic implant (evaluation of basic, physical and mechanical properties). 2. test of an experimental sample obtained in vitro.

Results. A bioresorbable polypropylene ligature delivery system was developed and manufactured in two variants: for the POP correction (mesh tape with a width of 13 – 15 mm) and for the SUI correction (mesh tape with a width of 10 – 11 mm).

Conclusion. Based on the results of the in vitro tests, we can conclude that the synthetic implants developed are able to provide physiological longitudinal (axial) support of the necessary pelvic floor sections and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Further in vivo studies are required to assess the response of living tissue to the implantation of this type of synthetic implants.
Urinary pH: its regulation and relevance in urolithiasis metaphylaxis
Authors: Gadzhiev N. K. , Gelig V. A. , Kutina A. V. , Gorgotsky I. A. , Karpishchenko A. I. , Gorelov D. S. , Semenyakin I. V. , Zakutsky A. N. , Kuleshov O. V. , Shkarupa D. D.
Published: January 2023

Urolithiasis is a common multifactorial disease characterized by a high recurrence rate. This review is devoted to the urine pH as one of the main factors determining its lithogenic properties. It affects the excretion of lithogenic substances and stone formation inhibitors, the solubility, and the crystallization of substances involved in stone formation. The urine pH significantly affects the solubility of uric acid in urine, which decreases at a pH < 5.5. This explains the high incidence of uric acid concretions in patients with metabolic syndrome. Their insulin resistance leads to a decrease in the excretion of ammonium ions in the proximal tubules, leading to persistent urine acidification. The activity of many transport processes involved in the processing of calcium, citrates and phosphates is sensitive to changes in systemic or local pH. The data on the effect of urine pH on the solubility of calcium oxalate remain contradictory. At the same time, there is no doubt about the determining role of urine pH in the excretion of citrate, the most important stone formation inhibitor. The alkaline urine pH promotes the formation of concretions containing calcium phosphates. In conditions of constantly elevated urine pH in patients with persistent urease-producing urinary tract infection, a rapid growth of "infectious" concretions occurs. The review summarizes information on the causes of the decrease and increase in the urine pH, as well as the possibilities of medicinal and non-medicinal methods of modifying the urine pH during the prevention of stone formation recurrence.
The role of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression by prostate adenocarcinoma tissue in determining disease prognosis and effectiveness of radical treatment
Authors: Vovdenko S. V. , Morozov A. O. , Avraamova S. T. , Alexandrov N. S. , Zharkov N. V. , Kozlov V. V. , Kogan E. A. , Bezrukov E. A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Today, due to the insufficient diagnostic accuracy of existing tools for determining clinically significant forms of prostate cancer, the search for new indicators that predict the course of the disease and the effectiveness of radical treatment is relevant. Various malignant tumors could increase glucose consumption and grow under hypoxic conditions. It seems promising to assess the expression level of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in prostate adenocarcinoma cells of different malignancy score.

Objective. To determine CAIX and GLUT1 expression in ISUP grades 1-5 prostate adenocarcinoma cells for evaluation of the disease prognosis and radical prostatectomy effectiveness.

Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical study of postoperative material after radical prostatectomy with determination of GLUT1 and CAIX expression by tumor cells was carried out. The presence or absence of biochemical recurrence within one year after surgery was determined. The correlation between the level of expression, the presence of biochemical relapse and a few other clinical parameters was determined.

Results. GLUT1 expression level statistically significant correlated with ISUP 4 and 5 (r = 0.457, p < 0.0001), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (r = 0.378, p < 0.0001), pT3b disease stage (r = 0.380, p < 0.0001), extracapsular extension (r = 0.355, p = 0.001), and inversely correlated with ISUP 1 (r = -0.274, p = 0.009). CAIX immunoexpression was observed in 10.0% of samples and the intensity was low (< 20% of cells).

Conclusion. Elevated expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) by prostate adenocarcinoma cells among patients after radical prostatectomy is associated with high grade of malignancy (ISUP 4 and 5), pT3b disease stage, extracapsular extension of the tumor, as well as high PSA, which allows using it for the prognosis evaluation.
Androgen deprivation therapy and hormonal status in men with COVID-19
Authors: Kamalov A. A. , Ohobotov D. A. , Nesterova O. Yu. , Strigunov A. A. , Tivtikyan A. S.
Published: January 2023

Severe course of COVID-19 among men compared to the female led to a detailed study of the hormonal status of men with COVID-19. The earliest works about this focused on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 depending on the intake of androgen deprivation therapy. At the same time, different classes of androgen deprivation therapy have different effects on androgen concentration that was not always considered in the analysis. In this regard, we conducted a review of the available literature data with a targeted study of works that included androgen deprivation therapy with a unidirectional effect on the concentration of male sex hormones. In addition, we conducted a review of studies focused on the relationship between COVID-19 and androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone).
Laboratory predictors to intravesical BCG therapy response in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Konyashkina S. Yu. , Reva S. A. , Petrov S. B.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the gold standard treatment for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the high recurrence rate after TURBT makes necessary not only regular following to reveal recurrence disease timely, but it also talks about a necessity of adjuvant antitumor therapy in some cases, that allows to prevent disease recurrence and progression. In this regard, patients belonging to high- and sometimes intermediate- risk progression groups are shown to undergo postoperative adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy. Despite the long experience of using BCG therapy for NMIBC treatment the question of the existence of possible prognostic markers and response predictors to intravesical BCG therapy remains open.

Objective. To review cutting-edge data on different markers that can be used as predictive response markers to ongoing intravesical BCG therapy in NMIBC-patients.

Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted using PubMed/ Medline and Google Scholar databases. We used terms 'bladder cancer', 'non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer' in conjunction with 'recurrence', 'progression', 'BCG', 'intravesical therapy', 'immune response', 'molecular markers' to choose relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022.

Results. Clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumor and the patient himself remain leading in predicting the response to intravesical BCG therapy in NMIBC-patients. However, to improve the effectiveness of assessing the risk of developing adverse BC outcomes and choosing the most appropriate strategy for monitoring and treatment in each case, it is necessary to introduce additional assessment parameters. Molecular and genetic markers could be considered as such parameters, make it possible to reveal differences between tumors at a deeper level.

Conclusion. Currently, there are no markers that have high-evidence in predicting response to intravesical BCG therapy in NMIBC-patients compared with the cliniсal and pathological characteristics of the tumor and the patient himself. The clearer awareness of molecular genetic pathways of BC pathogenesis, the mechanism of BCG antitumor effect will make it possible to competently select markers that have the highest specificity for BC, which will increase the predictive ability of currently existing tools to assess the risks of BC recurrence and progression.
Retrograde endoscopic-assisted percutaneous treatment of transplanted kidney calyceal fistula
Authors: Guliev B. G. , Stetsik E. O. , Allakhverdiev O. N.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Calyceal fistula is a rare complication of a renal transplantation. This complication can lead to postoperative graft failure. The treatment approaches range from a partial nephrectomy to a routine nephrostomy.

Objective. To present the successful application of the retrograde endoscopic-assisted percutaneous treatment of transplanted kidney calyceal fistula.

Clinical case. A patient after kidney allotransplantation is under our care. Control postoperative ultrasound examination revealed a pararenal fluid mass in the left iliac region. Its percutaneous drainage was performed. Biochemical analysis revealed high levels of creatinine and urea in the drainage discharge. Despite ureteral stent and urethral catheter drainage, about 500 to 600 ml of urine per day was excreted by the drainage. Percutaneous puncture nephrostomy could not be performed due to the absence of dilatation of the renal cavity system. In the lithotomic position, the damaged calyx was identified by performing flexible ureteropyeloscopy. Then we percutaneously targeted the injured calyx and the distal end of the ureteroscope inserted transurethrally, so that the needle tip appeared in the paranephral cavity opposite the injured calyx. Under the control of a flexible ureteroscope the needle was inserted into the kidney pelvis, a nephrostomy tube 12 Ch was placed along the string. The discharge through the drain stopped within a week and it was removed. Follow-up examination nine weeks after surgery revealed that the patient had no complaints and renal ultrasound showed no features, so the nephrostomy tube was removed.

Conclusion. The described method is the minimally invasive, affordable, and efficient method for the treatment of transplanted kidney calyceal fistula.
Contact ureterolithotripsy of a giant ureteral stone in a 3-year-old child
Authors: Klyuka I. V. , Sizonov V. V. , Belousov I. I. , Vigera V. V.
Published: January 2023

Giant ureteral stones in young children are extremely rare and their surgical treatment tactics are variable. The present case describes a case of effective and safe endoscopic treatment of giant ureteral stones in a young child. The patient is a 3-year-old male child. Examination findings of abdominal pain and fever verified a left distal ureteric stone up to 30 mm complicated by ureterohydronephrosis. The first treatment stage was ureteral stenting, in which the stone migrated to the middle ureteral third. The second treatment stage was contact ureterolithotripsy with a 9 Ch semi-rigid ureteroscope («Richard Wolf» GmbH, Knittlingen, Germany) and Swiss LithoClast® 2 pneumatic lithotripter («E.M.S. Electro Medical Systems» S.A., Nyon, Suisse), ureteral stenting (2-way PigTail, 4.5 Ch). The third treatment stage in the delayed period was extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the steinstrasse using the Dornier Compact Sigma («Dornier MedTech» GmbH, Weßling, Germany) and stent removal. Residual stones were not revealed according to the follow-up examination. No treatment complications were registered. The multimodal staged treatment of a giant ureteral stone resulted in its complete elimination. Next-step ureteral endoscopy made it possible to identify concomitant pathology of the proximal ureter, which required its evaluation in the delayed period. Ureteral stenting contributed to the restoration of renal function. The result achieved reflects the maximum efficiency and high safety of the surgical technique applied.
International alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guideline on percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Zeng G. , Zhong W. , Mazzon G. , Choong S. , Pearle M. , Agrawal M. , Scoffone C. M. , Fiori C. , Gökce M. I. , Lam W. , Petkova K. , Sabuncu K. , Gadzhiev N. K. , Pietropaolo A. , Emiliani E. , Sarica K.
Published: January 2023

The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) would like to release the latest guideline on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to provide a clinical framework for surgeons performing PCNL. These recommendations were collected and appraised from a systematic review and assessment of the literature covering all aspects of PCNLs from the PubMed database between January 1, 1976, and July 31, 2021. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology. The quality of the evidence was graded using a classification system modified from the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. Forty-seven recommendations were summarized and graded, which covered the following issues, indications and contraindications, stone complexity evaluation, preoperative imaging, antibiotic strategy, management of antithrombotic therapy, anesthesia, position, puncture, tracts, dilation, lithotripsy, intraoperative evaluation of residual stones, exit strategy, postoperative imaging and stone-free status evaluation, complications. The present guideline on PCNL was the first in the IAU series of urolithiasis management guidelines. The recommendations, tips and tricks across the PCNL procedures would provide adequate guidance for urologists performing PCNLs to ensure safety and efficiency in PCNLs.
Multi-stage urethroplasy for anterior urethral strictures: objective parameters of long-term efficacy and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Glukhov V. P. , Ilyash A. V. , Vasilev K. S. , Slyusarenko N. V. , Ismailov R. S. , Mitusov V. V. , Sizyakin D. V. , Kogan M. I.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Multi-stage urethral surgery is used in cases of the most complex urethral strictures. The evaluation of surgical treatment results given by patients is a significant criterion for the efficacy of urethroplasty along with the assessment of urethral patency through instrumental examinations.

Objective. To evaluate the long-term efficacy of multistage urethroplasty for complex anterior urethral strictures considering the patients' quality of life and satisfaction with the surgical outcomes.

Materials and methods. The study included 73 patients aged 18 – 84 years with anterior urethral strictures who underwent multi-stage urethroplasty in 2010 – 2019. Surgical and functional outcomes of urethroplasty were assessed through general blood and urine tests, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrography and urethroscopy in case of urinary disorders.  Subjective parameters of treatment efficacy were studied using questionnaires: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS); Quality of life (QoL); Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Urethral Stricture Surgery (USS-PROM); Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I).

Results. Recurrent urethral stricture was detected in 19 (26,0%) patients with the average follow-up period being 65 months. Independent urination was restored in 71 (97.3%) cases, including repeated interventions. After surgery, there was a significant increase in urinary flow rate parameters (Q max: 8.1 vs 19.1 ml/s, p < 0.0001; Q ave: 5.5 vs 10.7 ml/s; p = 0.0004), decrease in residual urine volume (62.4 vs 18.6 ml, p < 0.0001), decrease in total IPSS score (18.7 vs 5.7 points; p < 0.0001) and QoL index (4.3 vs 1 .8 points, p < 0.0001). A comparative analysis of preoperative and postoperative USS-PROM questionnaire results demonstrated an improvement in indicators assessing LUTS (12.9 vs 3.4 points; p < 0.0001; 3.6 vs 1.7 points; p < 0.0001), and urination-associated quality of life (2.6 vs 0.6 points; p < 0.0001) and overall health (EQ-5D index: 0.73 vs 0.91 points; p = 0.025; EQ-VAS: 68.0 vs 88.1 points, p = 0.004). Fifty-seven (81.4%) men were “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with the treatment outcomes, while nine (12.9%) respondents noted a moderate effect of residual urinary disorders on the quality of life. Significantly higher satisfaction was observed among cystostomy patients and in cases where repeated interventions were unnecessary.

Conclusion. Multi-stage urethroplasty for complex anterior urethral strictures achieves efficacy in 97.3% of cases and is accompanied by high levels of quality of life and patient’s satisfaction during long-term follow-up.
Treatment of post-COVID-19 patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis: efficacy of recombinant interferon α-2b medications
Authors: Ibishev Kh. S. , Naboka Yu. L. , Krainiy P. A. , Gudima I. A. , Plyakin A. D. , Prokop J. O. , Ilyash A. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The tactics of managing and treating patients with chronic recurrent bacterial prostatitis (CRBP) in some cases is a difficult-to-treat condition for a practicing urologist. This circumstance occurs because the disease has several predisposing factors, a complex and multifaceted pathogenesis, and certain difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective. To study the effectiveness of recombinant interferon α-2b medications in post-COVID-19 patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis against the background of antibiotic multi-drug resistance of microorganisms verified in prostate secretion.

Materials and methods. The treatment of 52 post-COVID-19 patients with CRBP was analyzed, divided into three therapy-dependent groups. Group 1 patients (n = 18) received antibiotic therapy (ABT): Levofloxacin 500 mg q.d. PO for 28 days. Group 2 patients (n = 18) underwent combined therapy: ABT supplemented with recombinant interferon α-2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C (“Viferon®” rectal suppositories) 3.000.000 IU b.i.d. PR q12h for 28 days. Group 3 patients (n = 16) received monotherapy with recombinant interferon α-2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C (“Viferon®”rectal suppositories) 3.000.000 IU b.i.d. PR q12h for 28 days. The follow-up period was 6 months with monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters assessed before treatment, after 1, 3 and 6 months from the start of therapy.

Results. Based on the monitoring of the clinical picture and laboratory parameters, after 1 follow-up month, there was a significant decrease in the symptoms of the disease in all study groups. However, after 3 and 6 follow-up months, this trend was observed only in patients of groups 2 and 3 receiving recombinant interferon alfa-2b with an antioxidant complex (vitamins E and C).

Conclusions. Strengthening the standard CRBP-therapy with recombinant interferon α-2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C makes it possible to normalize both clinical and laboratory parameters in most patients.
The risk of developing autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamic testing in patients after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kamalov A. A. , Okhobotov D. A. , Chaly M. E. , Frolova M. V. , Khutoroi I. V. , Salyukov R. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a life-threatening dangerous condition in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) above the T6 segment level. It is characterized by a sudden rise in systolic blood pressure more than 20 mmHg, and unpredictable reactions from the autonomic nervous system. An episode of autonomic dysreflexia can lead to several cardiovascular catastrophes – heart attack and/or acute cerebrovascular accident up to a lethal outcome. Currently, there is no diagnostic algorithm and no way to determine risk factors for the occurrence of autonomic dysreflexia.

Objective. To search for the most informative diagnostic criteria for autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury.

Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with SCI above the T6 segment. Depending on the SCI degree, two groups were distinguished. Group 1 (n = 14) included patients with complete spinal cord injury, advising category A on the ASIA scale. Group 2 (n = 26) included patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, classified as ASIA-B, C, D. For a preliminary assessment of the risk factors for the development of AD, an ADFSCI questionnaire was used, then a urodynamic study was conducted with simultaneous registration of systolic / diastolic blood pressure (SBP / DBP), and heart rate, which confirmed or denied the presence of AD in patients.

Results. According to the ADFSCI questionnaire, most patients showed a high degree of severity of autonomic disorders, suggesting the presence of AD. Subsequently, this assumption was confirmed by the results of a urodynamic testing with simultaneous monitoring of SBP / DBP and heart rate. When comparing the groups, statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of the ADFSCI questionnaire, as well as in the indicators of SBP / DBP (at the points of maximum detrusor pressure and when the cystometric capacity is reached).

Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to draw conclusions about the high incidence of AD in patients with SCI above the T6 segment and the need for a preliminary assessment of the risks of developing this condition based on the ADFSCI questionnaire before conducting a urodynamic study. Considering the possible complications of AD, the urodynamic testing should be accompanied by continuous monitoring of the indicators of the cardiovascular system.