bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Other Side of the “Istrian Exodus”: Immigration and Social Restoration in Slovenian Coastal Towns in the 1950s
Authors: Kalc Aleksej
Published: February 2019

The article addresses the migration processes in the fifteen years after WWII in what is today’s Slovenian coastal region. The main emphasis is on the immigration following the annexation of this area to socialist Yugoslavia in 1954. The replacement of the population, the radical change of the ethnic structure and the geography of the immigration inflow are outlined. Some questions that affected the immigration and repopulation process are discussed and some possibilities for further research are presented, i.e. the policy and management of the migration processes, the inclusion patterns of the newcomers and the relationships among the indigenous and immigrant components.
The “Istrian Exodus” and the Istrian Society that Followed It
Authors: Hrobat Virloget Katja
Published: February 2019

This ethnologic study focuses on the aftermath of the “Istrian exodus”, including the conflicting national discourses concerning it and the related silenced memories. Various migration processes are highlighted on the basis of memories. Analysing the social processes that took place in Istrian society after the exodus, the paper examines the concepts of the “other” and of “home”, and the establishment of symbolic boundaries.
Illegal Migration from the Croatian Part of Istria from 1945 to 1968
Authors: Jovanović Igor
Published: February 2019

The author analyses illegal emigration from the Croatian part of Istria from the end of World War II to the late1960s. The migrations mentioned in the article came to light through s oral histories and a small number of archives. Immediately after 1945 the illegal migrations were the result of the political and economic situation, but later have the reasons were primarily economic. The author notes that the exodus and the illegal immigration are two processes which were taking place independently of each other. He also points out that there is very little written or oral material about illegal immigration before the beginning of the 21th century. There is also no literature on this topic and the archives remain unexplored.
Relaciones internacionales del Instituto Español de Musicología durante los primeros años del trabajo de Miguel Querol: el ejemplo de Heinrich Besseler
Authors: Bäcker Rolf
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo centra su interés en el musicólogo alemán Heinrich Besseler, y su relación con el Instituto Español de Musicología a través de Miquel Querol y Higini Anglès, relación de algún modo paradigmática para la participación de la musicología española de la época en la red internacional de instituciones y personas dedicadas a la disciplina. Basándose en la documentación guardada en el Departamento de Musicología de la Institució Milà i Fontanals, la presente contribución pretende arrojar alguna luz sobre Besseler y el IEM, cuya colaboración se concretó en un estudio presentado a escala internacional en el IV Congreso de la Sociedad International de Musicología.
Am Fusse des Vulkans – Orgelkunst und Kontrapunkt in Neapel um 1600
Authors: Ring Johannes
Published: January 2019

1575 veröffentlichte Rocco Rodio in Neapel in seinem Libro di ricercate eine Fantasia über den Kirchenhymnus “Ave maris stella”. Im Kontext der progressiven Beiträge zur Tastenmusik seiner italienischen Zeitgenossen Antonio Valente (1575), Claudio Merulo und Andrea Gabrieli erscheint Rodios Cantus firmus-Satz geradezu anachronistisch. Doch Rodios Intention ist die des Kontrapunktikers. Für ihn war die kontrapunktische Kunst die entscheidende Basis des kompositorischen Handwerkes. Rodios Intention wird beleuchtet durch das Umfeld seines Wirkens –den diskussionsfreudigen Akademien in Neapel– und durch Ereignisse in Rom und Palermo, die im Auftritt des Spaniers Sebastián Raval gipfeln. Ihren eigentlichen musikhistorischen Kontext findet Rodios „Ave maris stella“ in der (liturgischen) Orgelmusik von Antonio de Cabezón, Manuel Rodriguez Coelho und Jean Titelouze und vielleicht sogar von António Carreira.
Music in Spain in the 1670s through the eyes of Sébastien Chièze and Constantijn Huygens
Authors: Rasch Rudolf A.
Published: January 2019

Este artículo trata de las diversas observaciones a propósito de la música en España, que se encuentran en la correspondencia entre Sébastien Chièze (embajador del Príncipe de Orange en Madrid) y Constantijn Huygens (La Haya), entre 1672 y 1679. Huygens pidió a Chièze que le encontrara un ejemplar del De musica de Salinas (1577), así como tonadas españolas y piezas para guitarra. A Chièze le llevó dos años hallar una copia del De musica en territorio español y hacer que el libro llegara a Holanda sano y salvo. Las tonadas remitidas por Chièze (de compositores tales como Juan del Vado, José Marín, Cristóbal Galán y Juan Hidalgo), no gustaron nada a Huygens, que las halló demasiado “africanas”. Como tampoco le gustaron las tabulaturas españolas para guitarra, anotadas al revés (boca abajo) de las tabulaturas francesas a las que Huygens estaba acostumbrado. Chièze consiguió también una guitarra -hecha para Huygens- en Madrid, pero este instrumento también se topó con su desaprobación. Al final, Chièze hubo de pedir a dos conocidos suyos boloñeses, Giulio y Guido Bovio, que le buscaran en Bolonia un laúd que fuera adecuado para Huygens. Le encontraron dos, pero se desconoce si llegaron alguna vez a Holanda. Este trabajo muestra la importancia de los contactos extranjeros (diplomáticos) para la adquisición de objetos musicales, tales como libros de música, composiciones musicales, e instrumentos.
Inventarium Librorum Musicae: nueva aportación documental sobre el archivo musical de la Catedral de Cuenca (siglos XVII-XVIII)
Authors: De la Fuente Charfolé José Luis
Published: January 2019

Considerar la recuperación y estudio de documentos descriptivos un elemento fundamental de la reconstrucción y revisión histórico-historiográfica de la práctica musical en general, y catedralicia en particular, es un tópico que debe revalorizarse como maniobra crítica. A tal efecto, en el presente artículo, la documentación trancrita aporta datos esenciales para la crítica cualitativa de los primeros fondos polifónicos de que hay constancia escrita en la Catedral de Cuenca. A nuestro entender, el contenido de los presentes inventarios trasciende la simple cuantificación de partituras y certifica que la calidad de la capilla musical conquense, desde comienzos del siglo XVII, fue equiparable al de otras capillas hispanas de mayor notoriedad.
El archivo de música de la Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe, de México
Authors: Guerberof Hahn Lidia
Published: January 2019

Proveniente del Salmo 147, la frase que encabeza este artículo es una leyenda adoptada en México y aplicada a la aparición de la Virgen de Guadalupe por el Papa Benedicto XIV y pronunciada por éste por primera vez en el año 1758. Cuatro años antes se creó el oficio Propio de la Virgen de Guadalupe cuya festividad se lleva a cabo cada 12 de diciembre. La Oración para la Misa y el oficio fue compuesto por el mismo Papa Benedicto XIV. Estamos en el siglo XVIII. En 1709 se terminó la construcción de la Antigua Basílica de Guadalupe, hoy templo expiatorio, levantada sobre el anterior Santuario. En 1749 obtuvo la categoría de Colegiata y en 1750 entró en funciones el primer Cabildo Guadalupano. El presente trabajo se aproxima a su Capilla musical, y a los fondos documentales más representativos de su rico archivo.
Development of an Auditory Rehabilitation Tool for children with Cochlear Implants through a Mobile-Based VR and AR serious game
Authors: Hatzigiannakoglou Paul D , Okalidou Areti
Published: January 2019

It is known that the development of auditory skills in children with hearing loss, who use assistive listening devices, requires training and practice. The aims of this research were a) to describe an auditory training software developed in order to help children with cochlear implants and/or hearing aids improve their auditory skills and monitor their performance,  and b) to demonstrate the usability of the auditory training tool. The software is mobile-based and uses VR (Virtual Reality) and Immersive technology. In order to use it, the user must wear a VR headset. This technology was adopted because these devices are considered to be innovative, and are especially popular among children. The software was tested on fourteen hearing-impaired children. Eleven of these children use a cochlear implant and three use hearing aids. The results of this research show that the children with hearing loss were able to play the game successfully. This positive outcome supports the use of VR and Immersive technology as Auditory Training Tools.
PERFORMANCE OF A GREEN BUILDING'S INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON BUILDING OCCUPANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku
Published: February 2019

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important to the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Unsatisfactory IEQ is associated with a number of phenomena, most notably, sick building syndrome (SBS), building-related illnesses (BRIs), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), which have major negative effects on productivity. However, green building investors (owners) are not only concerned about reducing the negative impact of their buildings on the environment, but also about the potentially negative impact green buildings can have on their employees' productivity. This research sets out to address, through a questionnaire survey in South Africa, what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements of a green building and the health implications of a building's IEQ on the building occupants. Data analysis (involving a one-sample t-test) reveals some interesting findings in regard to what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements and the health implications of the IEQ elements of a five-star green rated building in South Africa. Findings from the survey revealed that the occupants of the building were not satisfied with the green building's IEQ, most especially the ineffectiveness of blocking natural and artificial lighting. Also, it was revealed that the IEQ with particular reference to the noise level and ventilation of the space has some serious health implications for the building occupants. The occupants' evaluation revealed that the major health issues from which they suffer include fatigue, headache, common cold, coughing, and influenza, and these affect their productivity and performance. Since building occupants are a rich source of information about IEQ assessment and its effect on productivity, the study can be used to assess the performance of green buildings, identify areas needing improvement, and provide useful feedback to designers and operators about specific aspects of green building design features and operating strategies that need improvement. This study adds to the body of knowledge on green buildings' IEQ performance.
THE ROLE OF NA2OEQ RATIO ON THE FLOWABILITY AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF A POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHER-BASED ADMIXTURE
Authors: Mardani-Aghabaglou Ali , Felekoğlu Burak , Ramyar Kambiz
Published: February 2019

In this study, the effect of equivalent Na2O (Na2Oeq) ratio of cement on fresh properties and compressive strength of paste and mortar mixtures containing polycarboxylate ether-based high range water reducing (HRWR) admixture was investigated. A low and a high alkali cement were used. Five mixtures having five different Na2Oeq ratios were prepared with increasing alkali content of the cement by incorporating three different amounts of NaOH solution to the low alkali cement-bearing mixtures. Irrespective of the absence or presence of HRWR, Na2Oeq content of the mixtures was found to have a considerable adverse effect on the fresh properties of the mixtures, particularly on their flow loss. NaOH addition increased 1-day compressive strength of the mortar mixtures, however, reduced the compressive strength at later ages. In spite of having a lower fineness and a longer setting time, low alkali cement showed slightly higher 1-day strength than high alkali cement. This seems to have occurred, to some extent, from the higher HRWR admixture demand (0.4 wt.%) of the high alkali cement-bearing mixture than that of the mix containing low alkali cement (0.25 wt.%). At later ages, both of the cements showed equivalent strength values.
Paint handling in Leonardo’s Mona Lisa: guides to a reconstruction
Authors: Šustić Sandra
Published: February 2019

Mona Lisa, the precious legacy of Leonardo da Vinci, represents a zenith of methodological innovations in painting. How the painter managed to obtain such delicacy of the tonal transitions still occupies the mind of contemporary art researchers. Based on published results of scientific analyses performed on the painting and relying on historical sources, a copy of the painting was made using materials that were identical or at least equivalent to the ones Leonardo used. This paper is an effort to provide an idea of the built-up of the paint layers at various stages as the painting evolved. The author discusses the detailed and painstaking method used by the painter at each step of the creation of the painting to obtain sfumato effect.
Teaching the Concepts of the Mechanical Properties of Materials in Conservation
Authors: Wei W. (Bill)
Published: February 2019

Questions concerning the mechanical properties and the mechanical testing of materials come up often in conservation practice. However, the engineering concepts of mechanical properties do not generally appear in conservation training curricula, where chemistry, and to some extent, physics, dominate the training in the natural sciences. Over the past decade, the RCE has developed a one to two day workshop on the subject as part of the basic science curricula in two conservationtraining programs. It provides conservation students with the background to deal with basic issues of the strength of materials and adhesives in their work. The workshop is based on two concepts: 1) teaching the “foreign” technical language of mechanical properties and relating that to everyday laymen’s terms, and 2) having students perform simple mechanical tests which can eventually be used in the conservation studio, without the need for complex and expensive equipment.
Vignettes of interdisciplinary technical art history investigation
Authors: Stoner Joyce Hill
Published: February 2019

The Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation oral history archive, which began in 1975, contains almost 300 interviews with pioneer conservators, conservation scientists, and art historians.  Technical examination and technical art history, as exemplified by Roger H. Marijnissen’s publications, has undergone many changes since the 1950s; this article briefly surveys the field, focusing on the examination of easel paintings, with the aid of voices and personal observations from the interviews available in the international oral history archive of the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation.
The Postgraduate Research Methods Course in Conservation: The Practical Approach Taken at the University of Gothenburg
Authors: Peacock Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2019

The theory-led Master’s Research Methods course in the Department of Conservation at the University of Gothenburg was completely redesigned for the 2013 autumn term from a theory-led to a student-oriented learning format. The practical techniques and interactive skills framework enables students to become familiar with common research tools culminating with each student writing a Master’s research project proposal. This article presents a reflective case study analysis of the course redesign undertaken with the aim to improve the student learning experience of research methods, and presents a model for research methods education in cultural heritage conservation.
Point de vue de l'artiste et assistant d'artiste : problématiques et expériences
Authors: Torres Santiago
Published: February 2019

Ce texte reprend la transcription de l’intervention de Santiago Torres lors de la première journée d’étude, le 3 novembre 2016 à la Villa des Arts (Paris). Il est accompagné de la vidéo de la présentation qui illustre notamment les exemples cités. Santiago Torres y présente ses réflexions issues de son expérience en tant qu’assistant d’artiste auprès de Julio Le Parc et de Nicolas Schöffer. Il détaille sa vision de la notion de langage en tant qu’élément clé pour la compréhension et la restauration de ces œuvres cinétiques et cybernétiques ; et il s’interroge sur le devenir de ses propres œuvres numériques.
Assisting Pottery Restoration Procedures with Digital Technologies
Authors: Kalasarinis Ioannis , Koutsoudis Anestis
Published: January 2019

The fragmentary nature of pottery is considered a common place. Conservators are requested to apply a proper restoration solution by taking under consideration a wide range of morphological features and physicochemical properties that derive from the artefact itself. In this work, the authors discuss on a low-cost pottery-oriented restoration pipeline that is based on the exploitation of technologies such as 3D digitisation, data analysis, processing and printing. The pipeline uses low-cost commercial and open source software tools and on the authors' previously published 3D pose normalisation algorithm that was initially designed for 3D vessel shape matching. The authors objectively evaluate the pipeline by applying it on two ancient Greek vessels of the Hellenistic period. The authors describe in detail the involved procedures such as the photogrammetric 3D digitisation, the 3D data analysis and processing, the 3D printing procedures and the synthetic shreds post processing. They quantify the pipeline's applicability and efficiency in terms of cost, knowledge overhead and other aspects related to restoration tasks.
Effect of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment on the Residual Stress Distribution of Electron Beam Welded TA15/BTi-6431S Dissimilar Titanium Alloys
Authors: Song Xiao Yun , Qian Guang Lu , Zhao Ming Yu , Diao Yu Wei , Ye Wen Jun , Hui Song Xiao
Published: February 2019

Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) and Ti-6.5Al-3Sn-3Zr-3Mo-3Nb-1W-0.2Si (BTi-6431S) dissimilar titanium alloy plates were welded through electron beam welding (EBW) method and different ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) technologies were performed on the weldment. The effects of UIT on the microstructure and residual stress distribution and mechanical properties for the welding joint were investigated. A significant microstructural change occurs after welding. The structure of welding joint is composed of fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. The microstructure of FZ is composed of martensite structure and a clear interface is observed because of the fusion of dissimilar alloys. HAZ near fusion zone is comprised of martensite structure, while the grain size is much smaller than that in FZ. The HAZ microstructure near TA15 alloy is composed of coarse equiaxed α phases and HAZ microstructure near BTi-6431S alloy is lamellar α phases. Through ultrasonic impact treatment for three times, the residual stress near the welding joint shows a uniform distribution and the maximum tensile stress changes to compressive stress. A characteristic asymmetrical microhardness profile is observed in TA15/BTi-6431S dissimilar alloy welded joint. The HAZ in BTi-6431S alloy side possesses higher hardness compared with that in TA15 alloy side. The microhardness and tensile properties change slightly after ultrasonic impact treatment.
Characteristic Analysis of Downhole Pressure Signal while Drilling under Drillstring Washout Conditions
Authors: Li Jun , Ren Kai , Chen Hao Dong , Jiang Hai Long , Wang Chao , Huang Tao
Published: February 2019

The identification of drillstring washout conditions during drilling is mostly based on standpipe pressure, drilling fluid flow rate or turbine RPM. These methods are inaccurate or not applicable to other drilling methods. It is difficult to find the drillstring washout conditions in time. While the downhole measurement technology can provide important informations for real-time discrimination of downhole conditions, there are few studies on the fluctuation characteristics of pressure signals while drilling under drillstring washout conditions. Using finite element software to simulate wellbore pressure distribution under drillstring washout conditions, Based on the self-developed near-bit multi-parameter measurement tool, the downhole drilling pressure signal is collected, and the signal density analysis method such as probability density, wavelet, spectrum and time domain is used to discuss the relationship between the fluctuation characteristics of the pressure signal while drilling and drillstring washout. The results show that, (1) Before and after washout occur, the pressure distribution inside and outside the drill string changed significantly. After washout occur, there is fluid outflow at the puncture, and the fluid flow velocity in the drill string and the annulus at the bottomhole decrease,the pressure in the drillstring and the annulus smaller than before the puncture. (2) The time domain and frequency domain characteristics of pressure while drilling can judge the occurrence of the drillstring washout. When washout occurs, the annulus pressure near the drill bit drops sharply, and the pressure signal spectrum produces a low frequency band. (3) The wavelet analysis and probability density characteristics of the pressure while drilling can be used as an auxiliary basis for the drillstring washout. The wavelet detail signal of the pressure signal can judge the pressure fluctuation, and the probability density characteristic can judge the change of the pressure amplitude. The fluctuation characteristics of the drilling pressure signal under drillstring washout obtained in this paper can provide reference and guidance for the identification of complex conditions in the drilling process.
Analysis of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) during the Regeneration of Post-Consumed Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using HS-GC-MS Method
Authors: Liu Shan Shan , Hu Ji Yue , Qin Dan , Gao Ling Ling , Chen Ye , Ke Fu You , Wang Chao Sheng , Wang Hua Ping
Published: February 2019

VOCs emissions from recycled PET are recognized as one of the major causes of poor healthy condition. Much attention has been increasingly focused on VOCs produced from regenerated PET for their significance in ecological safety. These emissions may be strongly influenced by the raw materials and manufacturing techniques of the recycled PET. However, there is very little published information regarding this issue. The purpose of this study was to examine VOCs releasing from reprocessed productions when exposed to high temperature or other extreme conditions.In this study, we determined and compared VOCs emissions from samples after different manufacturing stages such as PET popcorn, dried PET popcorn, screw melts, undrawed fibers and drawed fibers, including their species and content. To simulate the VOC emissions of samples processed with the high temperature in longer time during screw melting, we investigated VOCs from screw melts utilizing Thermo Gravimetric-Mass Spectrometry (TG-MS) with 90 min in 280°C . We found that: (1) The optimisation of the equilibration procedure for volatile organic compounds was performed and the optimal equilibration conditions were determined to be 30 min at 120°C ; (2) Seven individual VOCs were identified: considerable VOC content changes during the manufacturing process; and the drying was tremendously helpful in reducing the VOC emissions from PET popcorn; formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC were reduced by 24%, 58% and 50%, respectively after drying; while acetaldehyde, benzene, benzaldehyde and TVOC increased dramatically after screw melting; (3) The VOCs were released at the initial stage of heat preservation (about 5 min) and VOCs content came to the maximum which indicated the almost immediate thermal degradation in screw melting.
Research Status of Recovery of Indium from Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) Targets
Authors: Chen Si Feng , Deng Yong , Xiong Heng , Lei Hao Cheng
Published: February 2019

Indium is widely used in some important fields due to its semiconductor and optoelectronic performance. While the reduction of indium minerals, as one of secondary resources, the amount of indium–tin oxide (ITO) waste target has been accumulated considerably. ITO film is the main functional fraction of LCD has consumed more than 60% of the indium production worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle indium from ITO waste. Some researchers have been done for proper treatment to recycle indium from ITO waste. In this paper, the extraction methods of indium from ITO waste target are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared.
Thoughts on High Performance Superalloy Design and Microstructural Characteristics of a Newly Designed Ni-Cr-Co-W Superalloy Applied above 850°C
Authors: Xiang Xue Mei , Jiang He , Dong Jian Xin , Yao Zhi Hao
Published: February 2019

With the development of aircraft engine, higher requirement was put forward on turbine disk materials. In the present work, new thoughts on improving high temperature properties of superalloys have been proposed and a newly developed candidate turbine disk material for 850°C-900°C application with a composition of Ni-Co-Cr-W superalloy has been investigated. The results show that W is beneficial for mechanical properties. Microstructural characteristics and hot deformation of this new alloy were studied by optical microscope (OM), field emission scanning electric microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the main precipitates in the as-cast condition are γ’ phase, primary MC carbides and eutectic phase. The incipient melting temperature, γ’ solvus and MC solvus are 1312°C, 1220°C and 1356°C respectively. Cracks are observed in the tested samples after hot deformed at 1160°C to 1220°C with 30% strain. They initiated at the surface of the samples and propagated along the grain boundaries and also initiated at the interface of carbides and matrix.
Thermodynamic Study on Equilibrium Phases in Nickel-Base Single Crystal Superalloys
Authors: Wang Jin San
Published: February 2019

In order to improve the composition and microstructure of nickel-base single crystal superalloys, equilibrium phases of third generation single crystal superalloys RenéN6 and CMSX-10 have been researched by using thermodynamic calculation software JMatPro. The calculated results indicated that the two superalloys have the same equilibrium phases, such as liquid phase, γ phase, γ’ phase and TCP (topologically close-packed phases), however, there are differences in the quantity and temperature range. RenéN6 alloy has higher content of μ phase. And CMSX-10 alloy has higher γ’ phase precipitation temperature and more γ’ phase precipitates.
Selective Laser Melting of Multi-Principal NiCrWFeTi Alloy: Processing, Microstructure and Performance
Authors: Wang Bo Wen , Luo Peng , Zhang Li Juan , Lu Bing Heng
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a new type of multi-principal component Ni5Cr4WFe9Ti pre-alloyed spherical powder was designed and prepared. The method of selective laser melting (SLM) was used to fabricate the testing coupons, so that the Ni5Cr4WFe9Ti samples were prepared successfully. The preliminary processing parameters were determined by the energy density derived from Rosenthal model, combining the different processing parameters (e.g. laser power P, scanning speed V and scan scape), and the range of optimum processing parameters was obtained by orthogonal tests. The effects of energy density on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials were studied by XRD, SEM, DSC and room temperature static tensile tests. The results showed that the materials had a single phase FCC structure with good thermal stability, the melting point was 1418.9 °C, and there is no phase transformation until 1265.9 °C. The tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity were 981MPa, 733MPa and 16.1% respectively, which increase by 31.15%, 110.03% and 69.47%, respectively comparing to the as-cast samples,. These results demonstrate that SLM provides a new path for the additive manufacturing to fabricate multi-principal component alloys.
Effects of Solid Solution Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Extruded and Forged FGH95 Superalloys
Authors: Peng Zi Chao , Wang Xu Qing , Zhang Yang , Feng Ye Fei , Fan Xiao Shuo
Published: February 2019

the effects of solid solution temperature on microstructure and properties in extruded and forged FGH95 superalloys are studied in this work. The superalloys with different micrtstructures are prepared through solid solution heat treatment at different temperature, and the microstructures were analyzed by SEM and EBSD. The results show that following with the increase of solid solution temperature, the grain size increase and the amount of primary γ′-phase located at the grain boundary decrease. When the solid solution temperature is higher than the solvus, the primary γ′-phase disappear completely, and as a result, the grain size grow significantly. The orientation of the FGH95 superalloys would not be influenced by the solid solution temperature, but the amount of twins increases following with the increase of solid solution temperature. The tensile and creep property is also studied in this work, the results show that the sub-solid solution heat treatment is suitable for Extruded and Forged FGH95 superalloys.
Continuous Cooling Phase Transformation Rule of 20CrMnTi Low-Carbon Alloy Steel
Authors: Li Li Zhang , Wei He , Liao Lin Lin , Chen Yin Li , Yan Hai Feng , Liu Guang Hua , Sun Zhi Wei
Published: February 2019

Gear steel is a ferritic steel. In the rolling process, the ideal structure is ferrite + pearlite, and bainite or martensite is not expected. However, due to the high alloy content, the hardenability is good, and the bainite or martensite structure is very likely to be generated upon cooling after rolling. In this paper, phase transformation rules during continuous cooling of 20CrMnTi with and without deformation were studied to guide the avoidance of the appearance of bainite or martensite in steel. A combined method of dilatometry and metallography was adopted in the experiments, and the dilatometer DIL805A and thermo-simulation Gleeble3500 were used. Both dynamic and static continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were drawn by using the software Origin. The causes of those changes in starting temperature, finishing temperature, starting time and transformation duration in ferrite-pearlite phase transformation were analyzed, and the change in Vickers hardness of samples with different cooling rate was discussed. The results indicate that with different cooling rate, there are three phase transformation zones: ferrite-pearlite, bainite and martensite. Deformation of austenite accelerates the occurrence of transformation obviously and moves CCT curve to left and up direction. When the cooling rate is lower than 1 °C/s, the phases in samples are mainly ferrite and pearlite, which is the ideal microstructure of experimental steel. As the cooling rate increases, starting temperature of ferrite transformation in steel decreases, starting time reduces, transformation duration gradually decreases, and the Vickers hardness of samples increases. Under the cooling rate of 0.5 °C/s, ferrite transformation in deformed sample starts at 751.67 °C, ferrite-pearlite phase transformation lasts 167.9 s, and Vickers hardness of sample is 183.4 HV.
Relationship between Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Copper-Nickel Alloy Pipes in Marine Engineering
Authors: Tan Zhen Jiang , Ma Tong Da , Zhang Li Min , Zhang Wen Mei , Jia Rong Guang , Cao Dong Dong , Ji Hong
Published: February 2019

Copper-Nickel alloy pipes in marine engineering have been suffering severe seawater corrosion and erosion-corrosion. In this work, six kinds of Cu-Ni alloy pipes with different service lives delivered by two manufacturers were used to clarify the relationship between corrosion resistance and microstructure. The corrosion behaviors of the samples in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were studied by electrochemical measurements. Chemical composition, grain size distribution, crystallographic orientation, and grain boundary characterization distribution (GBCD) were investigated by energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), metallography and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technology. There were no obvious differences in chemical composition and GBCD in contrast with size and uniformity of grains. Pipes with large grains and a broader grain size distribution had better corrosion resistance. It was also found that the accuracy of experimental data greatly depended on the quality of the sample surface in EBSD analysis. The scratches and contamination during sample preparation have a strong impact on the imaging quality and the calculation of GBCD.
Typical Failure Forms and Cause Analysis of High Speed Railway Wheels
Authors: Zhang Guan Zhen , Ren Rui Ming , Yin Hong Xiang
Published: February 2019

In recent years, high speed railway technology has developed rapidly in China. Long routing of high-speed trains, low temperatures, corrosive environments and sand damage are unique to China’s operating environment. As an important safety component of rolling stock, the safety and reliability of the wheels is of deep concern and high value. It is significant to carefully study and systematically summarize the damage from different failure types in high-speed railway wheels under current conditions, and determine the influencing factors and mechanisms of wheel failures in order to improve railway operation safety. In this paper, the damage forms of high-speed railway wheels in China are introduced, and the main influencing factors of wheel failure are discussed in combination with wheel damage characteristics. What’s more, damage mechanism is analyzed aiming at providing theoretical references for reducing failure rate and improving train operation quality.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy/High Strength Steel Double Beam Laser Deep Penetration Welded Joint
Authors: Chen Hong Xi , Cui Li , Lu Dong Qi , Chang Yao Qing , Xia Xu , He Ding Yong
Published: February 2019

A new dual beam laser deep penetration welding technology for lap joint of 1.5 mm thick aluminum alloy and high strength steel was explored in this paper, and the effects of three different beam energy ratios (RS=0.25,0.33,0.5) on weld formation, interface microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The result shows that under certain conditions of other parameters, double beam laser deep penetration welding process can be applied to lap joint of aluminum alloy / high strength steel with good weld shape when RS=0.25,0.33,0.5. As RS increases from 0.25 to 0.5, the penetration of the weld reduces from 575 μm to 424.2μm, the thickness of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the interface between aluminum alloy and weld metal reduces from 3.4 μm to 2.5 μm, the average microhardness of the IMC layer decreases from 771.1 HV to 571.9 HV, the mechanical resistance of the joint raises from 95.7N/mm to 115.2N/mm. When RS=0.5, double beam laser deep penetration welding of aluminum alloy / high-strength steel joints has the highest mechanical resistance of joints, because of the relatively good plastic ductility of the joint.
Effect of Final Annealing Temperature on Corrosion Resistance of SZA-6 Zirconium Alloy Cladding Tubes
Authors: Yang Zhong Bo , Liao Jing Jing , Qiu Shao Yu , Cheng Zhu Qing , Liu Hong , Wu Zong Pei , Qiu Jun , Gao Bo
Published: February 2019

The corrosion resistance of SZA-6 zirconium alloy(Zr-0.5Sn-0.5Nb-0.3Fe-0.015Si) cladding tubes finally annealed at 480°C, 510°C and 560°C were studied by static autoclave in 360°C/18.6 MPa pure water and 360°C/18.6 MPa/0.01 mol/L LiOH aqueous solution. The microstructure of the samples before and after corrosion were analyzed by EBSD, TEM and SEM. The results showed that the corrosion weight gains of the three SZA-6 alloy samples were lower than that of Zr-4 alloy after 500 days corrosion in both hydrochemical mediums. After long-term corrosion, the corrosion weight gains of SZA-6 alloy in pure water and LiOH aqueous solution increased obviously with the final annealing temperature, while the corrosion weight gain of unstressed Zr-4 alloy was higher than that of recrystallized under the same condition. With the increase of the final annealing temperature, the high-angle grain boundaries in the alloy larger than 15° became more and recrystallization degree also increased. The Second Phase Precipitates (SPPs) were fine, uniform, and dispersively distributed with an average diameter of about 120 nm. Although the size and distribution of the SPPs were similar, the Nb/Fe ratio in the SPPs increased. The long-term corrosion weight gain of zirconium alloy was related to the number of parallel cracks in the oxide film and the uneven growth degree of the oxide film on the interface of the oxide film/matrix. The corrosion resistance of the alloy in two hydrochemical mediums was related to the degree of recrystallization and the content of Nb in the SPPs. Increasing the final annealing temperature would promote the formation of fine and uniform recrystallized grains, which was benefit to the corrosion resistance, but at the same time it would reduce the content of solid solution Nb in the αZr matrix, which in turn would be detrimental to the corrosion resistance.
Formation and Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloy Coating Prepared by Wire Arc Spraying Process
Authors: Wu Dan , Fan Zi Shuan , Yang Yan
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a kind of FeCrBSiMnMoW amorphous nanocrystalline composite coating was prepared on the steel matrix by arc spraying, and the microstructure and properties of the coating were studied. The results show that the coating owns compact structure and low porosity. The coating is composed of amorphous phase and α (Fe, Cr) nanocrystalline phase, and the nanocrystalline phase is uniformly distributed in the amorphous matrix. The initial crystallization temperature is above 587.5 °C, which indicates the coating has good thermal stability. The Vickers hardness of the coating is around HV0.3= 1150. The wear mechanism of the coating is abrasive wear with a friction coefficient of 0.434 and the wear loss rate of only 3.3×10-5 mm3/Nm, which shows excellent wear resistance of this kind of coating.
Effect on Properties of Corn Straw Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Liu Shan Shan , Ge He Yi , Zou Yu , Chen Juan
Published: February 2019

Wood plastic composite (WPC) has been rapidly developed because of its environmental friendliness and sustainability. In order to improve the interfacial compatibility between plant fiber and polypropylene (PP) matrix, three different cross-linking modification methods were used to treat corn straw fiber (CSF). These methods were glutaraldehyde/chitosan (GA/CS) crosslinking modification, KH560/chitosan crosslinking modification and glutaraldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol (GA/PVA) crosslinking modification. The characterization and the mechanical analysis of WPC showed that different cross-linking methods have different morphology on the surface of CSF. Compared with CSF-PP, the bending strength of GA/CS-CSF-PP and GA/PVA-CSF-PP were increased by 11.1% and 16.7%, respectively. This study provided appropriate methods to improve the interface compatibility between plant fiber and resin matrix.
Preparation and Characterization of pH Responsive Complex Micelles with Dynamic Boronate Cross-Linking
Authors: Xu Jia Ming , Wang Dan Yue , Tong Han , Jiang Xiao Ze , Zhu Mei Fang
Published: February 2019

Two kinds of diblock copolymers containing glucose and phenylboronic acid moieties, respectively, poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (gluconamidoethyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PGAMA) and poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (2-aminoethyl methacrylate-co-3-nitrophenyboronic acid methacrylate) (PEG-b-P(AMA-co-NPBMA)) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and post polymerization modification (PPM). Well-defined structure and narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymers were confirmed by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Based on the cross-linking between the diol groups of the glycopolymer and phenylboronic acid under physiological pH (7.4), complex micelles composed of PEG outer shell and boronate ester cross-linking core with a hydrodynamic diameter around 20nm were formed. Morphology, size and assembly behavior of the complex micelles were investigated by 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed the formation/cleavage of boronate ester linkage is reversible upon the variation of solution pH, the complex micelles displayed pH sentiveties of assembling/disassembling behavior. Above pH 7.4, stable spherical micelles can be formed, whereas pH less than 5.5, the micelles dissociated into unimers. Therefore, such pH-responsive micelles based on dynamic complexation of phenyl boronate bonds are expected to be applied to pH-responsive nanodrug carriers
Effects of Different Mold Temperature on Dendrite Morphology of Sn-Bi Alloy in Directional Solidification
Authors: Luo Ji Hui , Xu Hong
Published: February 2019

The directional solidification process of Sn–10 wt% Bi alloy with low melting point was observed by synchrotron X-ray imaging technology. The mold temperature was controlled, and the dynamic images of a series of alloy solidification behavior were obtained. The results show that columnar crystal grows in dendrite morphology. It is also found that dendrite morphology changes at different mold temperature. With the decrease of the mold temperature, the dendrite morphology begins to change from irregular to regular, and finally, the primary dendrites and the secondary dendrites are perpendicular to each other.
Micromorphology and Characterization of V2O3 Nanoparticles Produced by the Liquid Phase Reduction-Heat Treatment
Authors: Zhang Ming Rui , Qin Yuan , Zhang Dao , Wang Guang Yuan , Yang Sen
Published: February 2019

The liquid phase reduction-heat treatment has been used to prepare V2O3nanoparticles in this paper. It is a novel method that the precursor was developed by Oxalic acid dehydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) reduction of V2O5powder in anhydrous ethanol. V2O3nanoparticles were successfully obtained by thermal treatment of the precursor. The phase, composition, structure, and morphology of the as-obtained samples were verified by XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM measurements. Meanwhile, the possible formation mechanism of V2O3in the heat-treatment is briefly discussed by analyzing the DSC.
Brief Analysis on Application of PVC Foam Materials in Building Material Industry
Authors: Xu Xin , Jiang Quan
Published: February 2019

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam materials are good materials that take the place of wood and are widely used in building material industry. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of PVC foam materials in fields such as thermal insulation materials, concrete-form and resilient flooring and explores the characteristics of PVC foam materials concerned by different fields as well as the key future research & development directions, so as to promote the healthy development and application in building industry.
Development and Application of Sour Service Pipeline Steel with Low Manganese Content
Authors: Li Yan Hua , Chi Qiang , Li Wei Wei , Zou Bin , Xie Ping , Hu Mei Juan , Yang Ming
Published: February 2019

Comprehensive analysis on the requirement and evaluation result of pipeline steel for sour service is carried out in this paper. So as to provide technical support for the development of the high toughness sour service pipeline steel with low manganese content.The evaluation results shows that the high toughness sour service pipeline steel with low manganese content has excellent comprehensive properties, and the excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance properties of trial products are achieved through reasonable composition and micro-structure design. The HIC and SSC test result complies with pipeline steel requirement for sour service drafted by major international manufacturers. In order to guarantee the application prospect of the trial products, the weldability of the sour service pipeline steel is analyzed finally, and the test result shows that HAZ softening can be improved when the cooling rate was higher than 20 °C /s.
Deformation Stability of a Low-Cost Titanium Alloy Used for Petroleum Drilling Pipe
Authors: Jiang Long , Feng Chun , Liu Hui Qun , Wang Le , Han Li Hong , Feng Yao Rong , Li Fang Po , Lu Cai Hong , Zhu Li Juan , Wang Hang , Yang Shang Yu
Published: February 2019

A new modified low-cost titanium alloy, Ti-Al-X, was designed for petroleum drilling applications. The alloy ingots were prepared by combination of vacuum consumable electrode arc melting, forging/hot rolling, homogenization, and solid-solution/aging treatments. The hot deformation behavior of Ti-Al-X alloy was investigated by a thermal simulation machine Gleeble 1500 at temperature range of 850~1000°C with the strain rate range of 0.001 s-1~1s-1. The deformation resistance significantly decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and the strain rate. The alloy exhibits flow instability under the deformation conditions of strain rates about 0.001 s-1 and temperature above 1000°C, which should be avoided during hot working. In addition, the instability area enlarged in processing map with the increasing of true strain.
Research Status and Development of Titanium Alloy Drill Pipes
Authors: Li Rui Zhe , Feng Chun , Jiang Long , Cao Ya Qiong
Published: February 2019

Petroleum and natural gas exploration and development are deepening, and the environment and stratum conditions encountered are becoming more and more complex. There are many high-temperature, high-pressure, high-corrosion wells, and the number of ultra-short horizontal directional wells, ultra-deep wells, and extended reach wells are also increasing. The steel drill pipe has not been able to meet and adapt to these requirements. Titanium alloy drill pipe has a series of advantages such as low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance, non-magnetic and good flexibility. It is suitable for the development of modern petroleum industry. This article discusses the use of titanium alloy drill pipe in domestic and foreign drilling in horizontal wells with short radius, the design of alloy components in titanium alloy drill pipes, body pipe processing, joint connection and corrosion resistance. Combining the practical application of titanium alloy drill pipe points out the current problems. Finally, from the aspect of drilling cycle, production safety and cost saving, the development and application of titanium alloy drill pipes in deep wells, ultra-deep wells and deep-sea drilling operations are prospected.