bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STATE OF SCHOOL PRACTICE ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL INTERACTION OF STUDENTS
Authors: Topuzov Oleh
Published: December 2022

The results of the analysis of recent studies on the creation of educational environment in the institution of general secondary education (classification, typology, structural components) has shown the need for its detailed analysis regarding the consideration of personal orientation. To this time, the state of school practice was studied in terms of the organization of educational interaction between education applicants and the objects of the school educational environment. In particular, such aspects as psychological comfort, focus on maintaining health, taking into account the individual psychological and physiological characteristics of students. As demonstrated by the results of scientific research in institutions of general secondary education, the free choice of pupils from different fields of study, with a conscious choice of objects, methods and types of educational interaction not only in accordance with the inclinations and abilities, but also individual psychological and physiological features, is not fully ensured. Particular attention is paid by the authors of the educational environment towards the creation of psychological comfort for students, primarily with the help of humanization of relations between the participants in the educational process, the strengthening of the ties between school and family, personalization of the school environment, creation of favorable training environment and the structure of the school year, taking into account the volume and distribution of the amount of hours according to the state of health, the initial levels of school readiness, the age range of engagement in learning for a particular contingent of students, their individual psychological and age characteristics, activity periods at certain times of day, week, month, year, etc., as well as active involvement of students into this activity. It is also important to harmonize both internal and external educational and social environment, which is formed at school. This is evidenced by the volume of school-based learning material that remains unclaimed in the life of the education applicants.
RELIGIOUS ISSUES IN THE GEORGIAN MEDIA QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ANALYSIS
Authors:   Georgian National University SEU, Adamashvili Mariam
Published: December 2022

Religious conflicts attract special interest of the media. A journalist’s responsibility is vital in the process of covering religious crises in order to present to the audience balanced, objective, stereotype-free facts and provide the user with a media product prepared at a professional level, without distortion and/or misinterpretation of facts, and also avoid formation of stereotypical views and attitudes. It should be taken into account that the information spread by the media should not lead to deepening of the conflict among religious groups. Recently, the Georgian media often covers religious issues, because the number of religious conflicts in the country has increased fairly. Relationship between religious organizations and the state is a particularly important area of interest both in the world and in Georgia, and a country where these relationships are regulated is even considered ideal. According to the annual report of the Public Defender of Georgia, Georgia is unfortunately not considered to be among such ideal countries. According to the report, facts of intolerance on religious basis in Georgia are quite often recorded, and what should be surprising, that media organizations often incite to the situation more than state officials. How are religious events covered in Georgian media? In this regard, a systematic and in-depth research on the coverage of religious issues in the media has not yet been conducted. The presented research is an attempt to improve the above-mentioned condition, and naturally, like all first attempts, it may have some imperfections. Within the framework of the research, the public opinion regarding the coverage of religious issues in the Georgian media is analyzed for the first time. The presented report provides an opportunity to see a comprehensive picture of the current situation in the Georgian media regarding the coverage of religious issues. I hope that the presented findings will be a significant part of discussions and with their help it will be possible to start a dialogue between the interested parties in order to improve condition of the Georgian media in terms of reporting on religious issues.
RUSSIA-UKRAINIAN WAR IMPACT ON RUSSIA-SYRIA RELATIONS
Authors:   Georgian National University SEU, Bazerashvili Mariam
Published: December 2022

The current Russia-Ukrainian war had a great impact not only on the mentioned states but also went beyond their territorial scope. The political chaos has particularly affected Russia's strategic partner, in particular Syria. The states of the Middle East are characterized by a politically unstable environment, which is facilitated by the unfavorable economic situation within the country, on the basis of which a large part of the population is impoverished. That is why the political representatives of the states of the mentioned region are looking for an important strategic partner/partners to rely on and thus maintain a dominant position in their country. Syria is no exception, in this case, its ally in the region is Iran, and the position of an external actor has been occupied by the Russian state in recent years. Of course, all three states have their own interests, on the basis of which they establish relations, for example, the presence of Assad in power and the neutralization of his opponents in the country depends on the power of Iran and the Russians. At the same time, Syria imports food products from Russia. In 2021, Russia undertook to supply wheat to Syria, however, the Russian-Ukrainian war stopped this process, because the area of its attention became Ukraine as a whole, therefore it tries to use all the resources produced by it to help this war. Against the background of the ongoing war, the supply of food resources in Syria slowed down and almost fell to a minimum from Russia, which contributed to further impoverishment of the population and, of course, an increase in prices was inevitable. According to experts in the field, Iran has been given the greatest chance to take full power in Syria in its own hands, due to the fact that the epicenter of Russia's attention is another state. It is important to note that Russia's influence has not weakened from a political point of view.
EMPLOYEE LOYALTY AFFECTING A COMPANY’S STABILITY
Authors:   Georgian National University SEU, Chakhvashvili Davit , Maisuradze Teona ,   Georgian National University SEU
Published: December 2022

The growing interest in the matter of employee loyalty shown by organizations is generated by the current trend in employees being the most valuable assets an organization has. A genuine desire expressed by the employees of an enterprise to provide excellent performance is one of the keys to corporate success. In order to ensure a sustainable development of a company, a certain type of balance must be achieved in terms of loyal customers, loyal employees and loyal investors enjoyed by the company. Building positive corporate relationships between brand and customer guarantees financial success in business. Grasping the importance of commercial efficiency of the impact made by the employees on the company as well as customer loyalty and staff motivation necessitates providing employees with favorable, if not, appealing and comfortable working conditions. The relevance of the chosen issue lies in the profitability of any organization identified to be a major indicator of the stability and closely correlated with the efficiency of employees. The results achieved by people in business operation rest not only on their expertise, skills and abilities, but also on the willingness of employees to work for the benefit of the organization.
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CURRENT MECHANISM FOR DEALING WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND DOMESTIC ABUSE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN GEORGIA AND SWITZERLAND
Authors:   Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Maier Rudi , Phirtskhalashvili Anna ,   Georgian National University SEU, Schmid Gabriella ,   Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Dzeria Nia
Published: December 2022

Majority of the countries around the world declared a state of emergency to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including Georgia and Switzerland. Although each nation adopted an individual method of fighting the pandemic, resulting in full or partial as well as short-term and long-term states of emergency, the pandemic has certainly become the main factor hindering social, economic and political activities around the globe. A great number of citizens are finding themselves to have gone either into self-isolation or quarantine in order to prevent themselves from contracting the virus. These processes, on the one hand, are related to the prevention of the spread of the virus, but on the other, to confining many people in common space with potential abusers. Correspondingly, the authors of the present study found it interesting to observe the patterns of reaction adopted by Georgia and Switzerland to face the actual challenges, whether or not the methods of fighting against women and domestic violence have changed, and what specific problems have been identified. The study serves to outline the problems, to assess the increased risks of violence and to ultimately evaluate the measures implemented to prevent the increase of violence in the two countries mentioned above. Finally, the article will evaluate and summarize the required measures and develop the recommendations that could possibly be applied in times of crisis. The study given in the article was conducted under the Swiss international mobility project MOVETIA as well as with the support of Georgian National University SEU and Eastern Switzerland University through the involvement of their professors, experts and students. In addition to the authors of the article, professor: Ina Shanava and students: Mariam Esaiashvili, Anna Tsirekidze, Nina Malan, David Zanitti, Nikolai Laib and Kristina Paskov were involved in the research as well. The made experience showed perfectly the importance of international cooperation.
Girişimsel İşlemler Öncesi İmzalatılan Aydınlatılmış Onam Formları İle İlgili Hasta Algı Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ORUÇ Muhammet Ali , ŞAHİN Bekir , DEMİRKILIÇ Funda , KESKİN GÖKSEL Arzu , BÜYÜKKARABACAK Hüseyin Yalçın
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma girişimsel işlem öncesi imza altına alınan aydınlatılmış onam formlarının hasta gözünden ne anlama geldiği, onaylarken bilinç düzeyinin ne olduğu ve eğitim durumu ile ilişkisini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca aydınlatılmış onam sürecinin uygunluğu da değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, hasta hakları kapsamında zorunluluk olan bilgilendirme ve aydınlatılmış onam prosedürünün en doğru şekilde gerçekleşmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Böylelikle hem hastalar açısından anlaşılabilme düzeyi artacak, hem de doğru bilgilendirmeyle onamı alan hekimin yasalar karşısında güvence altına alınma seviyesi artacaktır. Çalışmamız tanımlayıcı tipte olup Samsun il merkezinde yer alan iki hastanenin cerrahi kliniklerinde girişimsel işlem uygulanacak gönüllü 18 yaş ve üstü 268 kişi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket uygulaması yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, çalışmaya katılanların yaklaşık %21’i işlem öncesi girişimsel işleme istemedikleri takdirde onay vermeme haklarının olduğunu bilmediklerini söylemişlerdir. Bu konuda hasta algısının yeterli düzeyde olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaklaşık %23’nün anlatılanları ya hiç ya da kısmen anlamadıkları görülmüştür. Yeterli bilgilendirme yapılmadığını düşünenlerin oranlarına bakıldığında, %18,9 ile en yüksek oranının eğitim düzeyinin okuryazar seviyesinde olduğu görülmüştür. Aydınlatılmış onam formunda hastaların anlamını bilmediği kelimeler olup olmadığı sorulduğunda, tüm yaş guruplarının %30,6’sında anlamını bilmedikleri kelimelerin olduğu, okuryazar hastalar arasında ise bu oranın %45,9’a kadar yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Girişimsel işlem öncesi onam formu imzalarının %55,6’sının hemşire, %28,7’sinin ise sekreter tarafından alındığı görülmüştür. Aydınlatılmış onam formunun %34,7’sinin hasta yakını tarafından imzalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, bilgilendirmelerin ilgili taraflarca yapılarak imza altına alınması ve aydınlatılmış onam formlarının her eğitim seviyesindeki hastaların algı düzeylerinin belirlenerek, anlayabileceği düzeyde hazırlanması ile ilgili çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.
THỰC TRẠNG TUÂN THỦ QUY ĐỊNH SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH DỰ PHÒNG TRONG PHẪU THUẬT CỦA NHÂN VIÊN Y TẾ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN THÀNH PHỐ THỦ ĐỨC, THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2021
Authors: Thanh Vũ Trí , Dũng Lê Đức , Hoàng Nguyễn Võ Minh , Chi Nguyễn Xuân
Published: December 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng tuân thủ quy định sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng (KSDP) trong phẫu thuậtvà một số yếu tố liên quan tại Bệnh viện thành phố (BV TP) Thủ Đức năm 2021.Phương pháp: Thiết kế nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả, thực hiện khảo sát 270 hồ sơ bệnh án (HSBA)của người bệnh (NB) có chỉ định phẫu thuật và đã được thực hiện phẫu thuật thuộc loại phẫu thuậtsạch, sạch-nhiễm, từ tháng 1-6/2021, tại các khoa thuộc khối Ngoại của BV.Kết quả: Tỷ lệ tuân thủ cả 05 tiêu chí sử dụng KSDP là 17,0%, mặc dù hầu hết trường hợp có chỉđịnh, đường dùng và liều hợp lý (lần lượt là 92,2%; 95,5% và 85,9%), nhưng chọn loại KSDP phùhợp thấp với 77% và đặc biệt là tuân thủ thời gian sử dụng chỉ 17,8%. Tuân thủ quy định tốt hơn ởNB>60 tuổi, loại vết thương sạch-nhiễm, hình thức mổ cấp cứu, thời gian nằm viện trước mổ >1 ngàyvà sau mổ <5 ngày.Kết luận: Tăng cường quản lý kháng sinh (QLKS) tại BV rất cần thiết trong giai đoạn hiện nay,trong đó chú trọng giám sát việc sử dụng kháng sinh, tập huấn cho bác sĩ về sử dụng kháng sinh hợplý, an toàn, hiệu quả.
COVID-19 Salgınının Makroekonomik ve Bazı Temel Sektörler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye ve Dünya İçin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ORDU Seyit
Published: December 2022

Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı 2019 yılının bitmesine yakın Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgınının seçilmiş sektörler ışığında, dünya ve Türkiye ekonomisine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Büyük Buhran’ dan bu yana insanoğlunun karşıya karşıya kaldığı en büyük krizlerden biri olan ve özellikle küreselleşmenin en yoğun olduğu dönemde ortaya çıkan COVID-19 salgını, küreselleşmenin olumlu etkilerini tersine çevirerek küresel ekonomiyi derinden etkilemiştir. COVID-19 salgını ile birlikte, dünyada arz ve talep daralması yaşanmış ve bu durum bir domino etkisi yaratarak üretimin ve bazı iktisadi faaliyetlerin durmasına, tedarik zincirlerinde bozulmalara, birçok işletmenin kapanmasına ve işsizliğin artmasına neden olmuştur. Salgının yarattığı bu olumsuz etkiler, ülkelerin ekonomik olarak daralmasına ve küresel büyümenin salgının en yoğun olduğu 2020 yılında negatif seyretmesine neden olmuştur. Artan vaka sayıları tüm ülkeleri uluslararası kapanmalara ve kendi sınırları içinde bir dizi önlem almaya itmiştir. Bu durum tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de dinamik bir yapıya sahip olan turizm, havacılık ve bankacılık sektörlerini derinden etkilemiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin 2018 krizinin etkilerini henüz tam anlamıyla atlatamadığı dönemde ortaya çıkan salgın krizi, kamu borçlarının ve cari açığın artmasına, kurda dalgalanmalara, rezervlerin azalmasına ve TL’nin değer kaybetmesine neden olmuştur.
Çevrimiçi ve Yüz Yüze Anket Teknikleri ile Toplanan Verilerin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAMBAK Selçuk Efe , ARMAĞAN Ece
Published: December 2022

İnternet ve bilgi teknolojileri alanında özellikle 2000’li yılların başından itibaren yaşanan gelişimler ve yenilikler pazarlama araştırmalarını da pek çok yönüyle etkilemiştir. Tüketici ve pazar hakkındaki bilgilere daha hızlı erişme ve yorumlama ihtiyacı; pazarlama araştırmalarında kullanılan yöntem ve tekniklerde birtakım yenilikleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bilgi ve teknoloji çağında yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler araştırmacıların veri toplama yöntemlerini yenilikçi ve çağdaş bakış açısıyla sorgulamasını, çağın gereklilikleriyle uyumlu bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri kullanmasını bir ihtiyaç haline getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada pazarlama alanındaki nicel araştırma yöntemlerinde araştırmacıların sıklıkla başvurduğu veri toplama tekniklerinden yüz yüze ve online anket yöntemleriyle toplanan verilerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlikleri, örnek bir ölçme aracı kullanılarak karşılaştırmalı biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada yüz yüze ve online olarak toplanan verilerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliklerinin birbirine yakın olduğu, her iki veri grubunun birleştirilmesiyle elde edilen yeni veri grubunun da geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçların gelecekte pazarlama araştırmalarında yürütülecek çalışmalarda kullanılacak yenilikçi ve karma veri toplama yaklaşımları konusunda araştırmacılara yol göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Leveraging Social Media Data to Understand Spatial and Severity of Roadway Crashes in Tanzania
Authors: Kutela Boniphace , Mwekh’iga Rafael John , Kilaini Arnold Mutegeki , Magehema Raynard Tom , Mbatta Geophrey
Published: December 2022

Traffic crashes are among the major cause of fatalities in most developing countries. A lack of a centralized historical crash database impedes the efforts to perform large-scale studies to understand the causes of crashes. However, the information for most major crashes are normally shared on social media. Therefore, this study used social media posts to extract information related to head-on and run-off roadway (ROR) crashes that occurred between 2010 and 2020. A total of 661 crashes were collected, which included 409 head-on and 252 ROR crashes. Geographical Information System (GIS) applications and multinomial logit models were developed to understand the spatial distribution of crashes and the resulting severity. It was found that the spatial distribution of crashes differs significantly by type and severity. Head-on collisions were predominant in two eastern regions, while ROR collisions appeared to spread on a large scale across the entire country. The pattern of fatal collision includes one southern region in addition to the two Eastern regions. Conversely, the pattern of non-injury crashes shows predominance along the coastal area. The Multinomial model results showed that speeding was two times more likely to result in fatalities for ROR crashes. Crashes in rural areas were about two times more likely to be fatal, given that they were head-on collisions. Further, bus-involved crashes were less likely to result in injuries. The implications of these study findings to the practitioners are discussed.
Management of domestic solid waste in rural communities – a case study of the Río Blanco community, Ecuador
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politècnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Sede Orellana, El Coca 220150, Ecuador, Peñafiel-Arcos Pedro , Herrera-Feijoo Robinson ,   Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo, Ecuador, Toulkeridis Theofilos ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Construction, University of the Armed Forces ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui   S/N, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador., Ruiz-Sánchez Clara ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Construction, University of the Armed Forces ESPE, Reyes-Villacrés Janeth ,   Secretaría Técnica de la Circunscripción Territorial Especial Amazónica, Ecuador
Published: December 2022

The current study focused on the proposal of a comprehensive management system for domestic solid waste in the rural community of Río Blanco belonging to the indigenous Ecuadorian Kichwa nationality. In this community, the burning of domestic solid waste is the only management strategy commonly used, which has generated various environmental and health impacts on the population. Therefore, here we focused on diagnosing the socio-environmental condition of the community through surveys in order to determine the average daily per capita production of domestic solid waste. This occurred through a characterization applying the methodology of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and in the development of a proposal for a management model appropriate to the present demographic characteristics, from environmental education to its final disposal. The results obtained determined that the average DPCP of the community is 0.205 kg/person/day and the predominant category was the organic fraction with 45.84% of a total of 23.62 kg of solid waste produced. Finally, as appropriate management and use initiatives, we proposed the adaptation of an area for the generation of compost and a recycling system that allows obtaining economic resources for the benefit of the population.
Fetomaternal Outcome Under Subarachnoid Block for Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Fatima Sana , Haider Syed Zia , Taqi Muhammad , Khalid Kainat , Aftab Muhammad Mohsin , Khan Sana Haseeb
Published: December 2022

Background: Thecaesarean section (C/Section) births are escalating continuously. Foetal and Maternal outcome parameters might fluctuate under subarachnoid block. So, this investigation was delineated referring to fetomaternal outcome as Subarachnoid block was routinely employed for operative delivery in our institution. Objective: This study was conducted to determine fetomaternal outcome of neonatal and Maternal wellbeing in parturient undergoing elective caesarean section employing Subarachnoid block. Methodology: A Descriptive, cross sectional study employing Non-Probability Convenient Sampling was organized in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a Tertiary Care Hospital at Lahore-Pakistan.240 parturients of 15 to 40 years of age were scrutinised for study. The study was of six months starting from August 2021 till January 2022. Results: TheNeonatal outcome was recorded as 1minute Apgar score of ≥7 was 233(97.1%) and <7 was 7(2.9), APGAR score at 5minutes of ≥8 was 237(98.7) and <8 was 3(1.3), Need for Neonatal ICU admissions was 5(2.09), Neonatal hypoglycaemia was 13(5.4). Maternal outcome was taken as Post operative nausea vomiting/PONV 8(3.3), Headache 25(10.4), Back pain 16(6.7), adult ICU admission 7(2.9), Length of Post op stay of ≤4 days 178(74.2) and >4 62(25.8). Conclusion: APGAR Score at 1 minute & 5 minutes was significantly high in parturients receiving Subarachnoid block for elective caesarean section. Keywords: APGAR score, Elective Operative Delivery, Foetal outcome, Maternal outcome, Subarachnoid block
Outcome of Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Surgical Excision
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Basit Muhammad Shakeel , Hannan Abdul , Saeed Kazi Muhammad , Kazi Adil , Abdullah Hassan Abbas
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcome of dorsal wrist ganglion treated with surgical excision. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study performed at Kazi Hospital Lahore. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to enroll 50 patients of dorsal wrist ganglion who responded through a questionnaire / research proforma. Surgical excision was done under local anesthesia as day case. Results: We collected data of 55 patients. The mean age of the patients having dorsal wrist ganglion cyst was 31. Female patients were in a larger proportion than male patients. Right wrist was affected in n= 29 (58 %) of the individuals. At the end of our follow up only 2(45) patients had residual pain. Hypertrophic scar has been reported to be associated with the lower patient satisfaction (p = 0.001). Luckily in our study only two patients (4%) had this problem. Conclusion: This study concluded that the outcomes of surgical excision of dorsal wrist ganglion is effective technique with high patient satisfaction and cost effectiveness. Keywords: Dorsal wrist ganglion, aspiration, surgical excision, outcome, patient satisfaction.
Assessment of Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Shahzad Amir , Younus Irfan , Ali Muhammad Zahid , Qadir Adnan , Hafeez Amna
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation in patients with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: The department of medicine, “Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital”, Gujrat from April 2021 to October 2021. Methodology: A total of 150 patients of both genders aged 18-65 years having liver cirrhosis were included. Proper medical history and clinical examination were performed while electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained to find out QT interval in all the patients. The frequency of QTc prolongation was recorded. Results: In a total of 150 patients, 66 (44.0%) were males and 84 (56.0%) females. The mean age was 48.67±16.67 years while the mean duration of cirrhosis was 4.71±1.18 years. Frequency of QTc prolongation was noted in 44 (29.3%) patients. Among ninty patients of liver cirrhosis with age more than 40 years, 31 (70.5%) had corrected QT interval prolongation (p=0.040). Among 84 female patients, there were 25 (56.8%) cases of corrected QT interval prolongation (p=0.047). Practical Implications: Potential cases of liver transplantation may be prioritized as per their risk of prolongation of QTc but further research is required in this regard. Conclusion: The frequency of QTc prolongation was quite high among patients of liver cirrhosis. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Electrocardiogram, liver cirrhosis, mortality, QT prolongation.
Characteristics and Outcome of Babies with Antenatal Renal Pelvis Dilatation (RPD)
Authors: Siddique Ayesha , Gul Rafia , Anwar Zahid , Siddique Nida , Yasin Faiza , , Malik Zunaira Naeem
Published: December 2022

Background: Antenatal renal pelvis dilatation (RPD) is the most common congenital renal anomaly detected on antenatal ul-trasound. The present study was planned to determine the characteristics and outcome of neonates with antenatal renal pel-vis dilatation. Patients and Methods: A prospective, observational, non-interventional study was conducted in Fatima Memorial Hospital over a period of 12 months from April 2021 to March 2022. This study included 130 kidneys of 91 neonates >28 weeks of gestation with antenatally diagnosed isolated renal pelvis dilatation. Postnatal ultrasound was performed at 24-72 hours of life. Cases those resolved spontaneously were labelled as Physiological RPD (Transient RPD) , while all others were labelled as Pathological RPD (Persistent RPD).Descriptive statistics and tests of significance were calculated for all variables. Univariate analysis was performed to compare all possible risk factors for postnatal transient vs. persistent RPD of any grade. Correla-tion coefficients were calculated between risk factors with pathological RPD. Results: Every 4th neonate of antenatally diagnosed RPD had persistent RPD (p<0.05). Only 5% of neonates showed a se-vere variety of persistent RPD. Statistically significant risk factors associated with pathological RPD were maternal anemia, oligohydramnios, diabetes mellitus, gestation age < 37 weeks, birth weight <3 kg, antibiotics administration, admission in in-tensive care unit, urinary tract infections, oliguria, high BUN and creatinine, posterior urethral valve, vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder and other urinary tract malformations (P<0.05). Persistent RPD had a strong positive direct correlation with the severity of antenatally diagnosed RPD, a moderate positive correlation of persistent RPD was seen with maternal anemia, oligohydramnios, high serum creatinine, PUV, and PUJ. Hence the study will help us in formulating management and follow up plan of our newborns with antenatal RPD. Conclusion: About 71% of neonates with antenatally diagnosed RPD undergo spontaneous resolution. Severe antenatally diagnosed RPD persisted in neonatal life and persistent RPD has a strong correlation with the severity of renal pelvis dilata-tion. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Renal Pelvis Dilatation (RPD), Antenatal, Postnatal, PUJ, Urinary tract malformation, neonatal kidney.
Utilization of Immunohistochemistry in Gynecologic Pathology: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Madiha , Kalsoom Farah , Qureshi Asmaa , Basharat Rabia , Javaid Qurat Ul , Kamal Farrukh , Moeen Ud Din Khawaja , Farrukh Rubina , Khan Muhammad Ali
Published: December 2022

Background: Immunohistochemistry is an adjunct tool in Surgical Pathology. The fast growing use of immunohistochemistry in gynecologic Pathology has revolutionized the fields of tumor diagnostics & research. Objective: The objective of the study was to share & discuss the experience of utility of immunohistochemistry in Gynecologic Pathology, at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients & Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional study, carried out at the Pathology Department of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore. All cases which were diagnosed after the application of immunohistochemistry during the study period from 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2020 were included in the study. Data included age of the patient, marital status, parity, clinical & radiological presentation, histopathological findings & differentials, list of immunohistochemical markers applied to the case with results & final histopathological diagnosis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: A total of 196 cases were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 14 years to 82 years with a mean age of 41 ± 7 years. The commonest use of immunohistochemistry was for histological classification of the tumors of the female genital tract, identifying precancerous lesions, differentiating primary from metastatic CA & predicting response to chemotherapy via proliferative index Ki67. The most commonly used immunohistochemical markers were CK, CK7, CK20, CD 3, CD20, ER, PR, VIMENTIN, WT 1, Ki67, CD 117, SMA, INHIBIN, p53 & p63. Practical implication This study shares the experience of use of common immunohistochemical markers in different cases of gynecologic pathology, highlighting & discussing different panels for use in different scenarios, from which other pathologists may benefit. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is an important ancillary tool in the evaluation of gynecologic pathology cases. However, it cannot replace conventional histopathology. It should always be used as an adjunct to histopathology, in the proper clinical & radiological context. Keywords: immunohistochemistry, gynecologic pathology, ovarian carcinoma, leiomyoma, dysgerminoma,
Comparative Study between Milligan Morgan Versus Ligasure Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Baig Aftab Ahmad , Mehmood Muhammad Shahid , Khalid Rizwan , Ghufran Samar , Chaudhry Salman Majeed , Mehbub Hummaz
Published: December 2022

Purpose of Study: To compare the short term outcome of Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy with Milligan Morgan technique for third and fourth degree haemorrhoids. Design of Study: The present study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Duration and Location of Study: This trial was conducted at Akhtar Saeed Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Duration of study is 6 months June 2021 to December 2021. Patients and Methods: A total of 80 subjects suffering from 3rd or 4th degree haemorrhoids were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups using lottery method. An informed written consent was taken from all the patients. Patients in group A (LS group) underwent Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy while patients in group B (MM group) underwent Milligan Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for numerical variables like age, operation time and postoperative pain on VAS score. Frequency and percentage was calculated categorical variables like gender, disease severity, bleeding, occurrence of urinary retention, anal stenosis and necrosis. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results of the Study: The patients had a mean age of 41.54±6.380 years within age range of 35-62 years. Number of male participants was high as 49 (61.3%) while compared with females who were 31 (38.7%) in total study sample of 80 subjects with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1. Number of patients with 3rd degree haemorrhoids was 53 (66.3%) whereas 27 (33.8%) patients had 4th degree haemorrhoids. LS was found to have significantly less operation time as 15.03±1.928 vs. 20.40±2.228 minutes; p-value=0.000. Postoperative pain was significantly less in LS group than MM group (4.20±0.883 vs. 5.23±0.891; p-value=0.000). Frequency of postoperative bleeding was also significantly less in LS group than MM group (5.0% vs. 25.0%; p-value=0.013). Occurrence of urinary retention was high in the LS group but the difference was not significant (p=0.247). Frequency of anal stenosis and necrosis was also less in LS group than MM group but the difference was not statistically significant with p-value=0.077 and 0.500, respectively. Conclusion: Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy was found superior to Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in managing patients with third and fourth degree haemorrhoids because it has considerably less operation time, postoperative pain and bleeding. Thus, Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy should be favored in the treatment of such cases in future surgical practice on the basis of benefits of Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy. Keywords: Hemorrhoids, Ligasure Haemorrhoidectomy, Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy
Effect of Hemodialysis Duration on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ali Shabahat , Umar Rana Muhammad , Ahmed Bilal , Ali Faryad , Saboor Qazi Abdul , Pannu Furqan Yaqub
Published: December 2022

Objective: To ascertain the effect of duration of hemodialysis on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Design: It was a cross sectional observational study. Study Settings: Department of Cardiology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore over a period of 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: This study was conducted, between February and September 2021, by recruiting 200 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Blood samples were taken for investigation. Body surface area was calculated using Du Bois Formula. To calculate LVM, Echocardiography (Echo) was done by using 2D M-mode in the standard manner. At the end of data collection, data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.21. Single and multiple linear regression analysis were used to calculate impact of duration and other confounding variable on LVM. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.77±13.263. About 58.5% (117) were males and 41.5% (83) were females. Prevalence of LVH was 171(85.5%). The mean LVM for males and females was 248.44±26.67g and 182.88±22.43g respectively. Most of the participants (47.0%) were receiving HD for 25-36 months followed by 26.0%, 15.0%, 12.0% for 13-24 months, 3-12 months,37-48 months respectively. LVH was found to be strongly positively correlated with duration of dialysis. Increasing duration of HD was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting LVH. Conclusion: The study concluded that there exist significantly strong relationship between increased duration of hemodialysis in CKD patients with frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy. So, in future practice it is recommended to focus on CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis with regard to duration of hemodialysis and expected frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy and its timely management. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Left ventricular mass index, Haemodialysis.
Frequency of Plasma Leak in Patients with Dengue Fever
Authors: Shah Nazir , Shah Mian Mufarih , Khan Sheraz Jamal , Kumar Daneeth , Rukh Gul
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of plasma leak as evident by pleural effusion and ascites in the patients of dengue fever. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Medical unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Pakistan from April 2021 to September 2021. Methodology: Patients diagnosed as having dengue fever based on positive dengue antigen (NS 1) test or antibodies serology on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated. Plasma leak was defined as having ascites or pleural effusion evident on ultrasound or X ray chest of the patients with active dengue fever. Hematocrit of >50% in female and 55% in male was considered as indirect indicator of plasma leak. Results: In a total of 154 patients, 89 (57.8%) were male and 65 (42.2%) female with age ranging between 14 to 75 years while mean age was 40.6±15.54 years. The over all frequency of plasma leak as evident by ascites or pleural effusion was 44.2% (n=68. The minimum duration in which plasma leak was noted, remained 4 days while the maximum was 8 days after the start of illness. The duration of patient’s hospital stay was 5 to 17 days (mean 9.53±3.43 days). Practical implications: The frequency of plasma leak was higher in complicated dengue fever patients as compared to patients with less or no complications. Conclusion: Plasma leak is an important and frequent feature of dengue fever. X ray chest and ultrasound can detect majority of plasma leak in patients with hemoconcentration. Keywords: dengue fever, plasma leak, dengue NS1, dengue shock, dengue hemorrhage
Comparison of Frequency of Union with Percutaneous Intramedullary Kirschner Wire versus Interfragmentary Screw Fixation in Displaced Extra-articular Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Qazi Farhan , Zaheer Majid , Khalid Zubair , Sadaqat Hafiz Iftikhar Ahmed , Hafeez Muhammad Umar , . Amanullah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of union in cases treated with percutaneous intramedullary kirschner wire versus interfragmentary screw fixation of displaced extra-articular metacarpal fractures. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration: The Department of Othropedic surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from May 2021 to November 2021. Methodology: A total of 70 cases (35 in each group) of both genders aged 18-60 years with displaced extra-articular metacarpal fracture were included. Surgery was performed with the patient under peripheral anesthesia adopting pneumatic tourniquet and image intensification. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, undergoing either percutaneous intramedullary K-wire fixation or interfragmentary Screw Fixation. Patients were followed up till 16th week to see the union. Results: The mean age of patients in K-wire group was 37.89±9.34 years and in screw fixation group was 40.17±12.82 years. In K-wire group, there were 24 (68.57%) male and 11(31.4%) female cases while in Screw fixation group there were 17 (48.6%) male and 18 (51.4%) female cases. In K-wire group, 20 (57.1%) cases reported union while in Screw fixation group, 33 (94.3%) cases reported union at the final follow up (p<0.001). Practical Implications: Interfragmentary screw fixation in displace extra-articular metacarpal fractures yielded better outcomes. Conclusion: Significantly more cases treated with interfragmentary screw fixation of displaced extra-articular metacarpal fractures reported union in comparison to percutaneous intramedullary kirschner wire. Keywords: Metacarpal fractures, internal fixation, intramedullary K-wire, screw fixation, union.
Comparison of Wound Infection with Absorbable Suture Versus Non-Absorbable Suture after Cesarean Section
Authors: Siddiqui Maria , Zahra Syeda Sahar , Ejaz Syeda Taskeen , Sahar Bazgha , Eajaz Nabila , Ahmad Saima Raees
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of wound infection with absorbable suture and non-absorbable suture after cesarean section. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nisthar Hospital, Multan from August 2021 to June 2022. Methodology: A total of 826 women (413 in each group) undergoing cesarean section were included. In Group-A absorbable suture was employed while in Group-B, non-absorbable suture was used. Post-operatively, all patients were followed up weekly and the final assessment of wound infection was done after 15 days. Results: In a total of 826 cases, mean age was 26.47±3.42 years. Mean body mass index was 25.62±1.87 kg/m2 and obesity was present in 166 (20.1%). Of these 826 study cases, emergency cesarean section was performed in 593 (71.8%). Mean duration of procedure was 38.43±12.21 minutes and 562 (68.0%) had duration of procedure below 40 minutes. Overall, wound infection was noted in 145 (17.6%) women, In Group-A, wound infection was noted in 96 (23.2%) women and in Group-B it was in 49 (11.9%) (p<0.0001). Practical Implications: Clinicians can employ non-absorbable sutures to decrease the risk of post-operative wound infection after cesarean section. Conclusion: We found non-absorbable sutures after cesarean section to yield significantly less rates of wound infection when compared to absorbable sutures. Keywords: Absorbable suture, Non-absorbable suture, wound infection, cesarean section.
YETERLİLİKLER ve GEREKLİLİKLER IŞIĞINDA ŞEHİR KÜLTÜRÜNÜN PARÇASI OLARAK TRABZON HALK KÜTÜPHANELERİ
Authors: ALACA Erdinç
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, halk kütüphanelerinin şehir kültürü ilişkisini yeterlilikler ve gereklilikler bağlamında Trabzon halk kütüphaneleri özelinde ortaya koymaktır. Trabzon il ve ilçe halk kütüphanelerine ait istatistikler ve hizmet türlerine ilişkin veriler Kütüphaneler ve Yayımlar Genel Müdürlüğü İstatistik ve Veri Analizi şubesinden temin edilmiş ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Personel, derme, kullanıcı, bütçe ve fiziki alan gibi özelliklerin kütüphaneler arasında farklılık göstermesi, bu unsurlara ilişkin standartların yeterince sağlanamaması kültürel rol ve sorumlulukların hayata geçirilmesi sürecini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu durumun yarattığı olumsuzluk özellikle ilçe halk kütüphanelerinde daha yoğun hissedilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Trabzon il ve ilçe halk kütüphanelerinin halk kütüphanesi standartlarını ne düzeyde karşılayabildiği, il ve ilçe halk kütüphanelerinin istatistiksel veriler açısından nasıl farklılıklar gösterdiği, il ve ilçe halk kütüphanelerinde geliştirilen hizmetlerin tür bakımından nasıl farklılıklar gösterdiği açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, il ve ilçe halk kütüphanelerinin şehir kültürüne daha fazla katkı sağlayabilmesi adına neler yapılması gerektiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Trabzon halk kütüphanelerinin özellikle personel, derme, bina unsurları açısından standartları sağlayamadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca kütüphanelerde gerçekleştirilen etkinliklerin sayı ve tür bakımından yetersiz olduğu da ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sürdürülebilir kütüphane-şehir kültürü etkileşimi için personel, koleksiyon, bina, kullanıcı unsurlarının iyileştirilmesi, kütüphane etkinliklerinin nicel ve nitel açıdan iyileştirilmesi, bireyler arası ve kurumlar arası etkin işbirliği ağı oluşturulması ve halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarına önem verilmesi önerilmiştir.
Uso del efectivo y otros medios de pago: ¿Cómo está cambiando la forma en que pagamos?
Authors: Ferrando Laura , Posada Diana
Published: December 2022

Motivación. En los últimos años hemos observado un notable avance de la digitalización, en especial tras la irrupción de la pandemia causada por el COVID-19. En este contexto, es importante analizar cómo están cambiando los hábitos de pago de los consumidores a la hora realizar compras en comercios físicos, compras online y pagos entre particulares.

Ideas principales. En 2022, el efectivo es el medio de pago más utilizado en España para las compras en comercios físicos y los pagos entre particulares, si bien se observa una disminución con respecto a 2019. La disminución del uso del efectivo viene motivada principalmente por dos factores: en primer lugar, por el aumento de las compras online, que limita las posibilidades de uso de este medio de pago, y, en segundo lugar, por un cambio en los hábitos de pago de los consumidores, que han incrementado el uso de medios digitales en sus compras..
Emerging trends in business and management consulting
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Radov Mariana
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the importance of business and management consulting field and its current trends, especially in the context of pandemic and worldwide changes. The author highlights the role of consulting in accelerating best practices in collaboration, flexibility, inclusion, and accountability to its clients in order to create a better future for all, and also includes a statistical analysis of the development of consulting on a global and European scale, outlining the most important indicators according to the nature of the services rendered, the locations of the clients, and the types of client’s industries. The author argues that the trends show that consulting is becoming an increasingly important component of the business environment, and that the emergence of new economic sectors and professions will condition the need to develop new capacities and apply new managerial knowledge and tools, which will stimulate the growth of both consulting and related fields. The article provides data on the development of the consulting in the Republic of Moldova, including the difficulties faced by the companies. Author believes there is "room for growth" in the national consulting despite the fact that it is a young market marked by the challenges facing society and influenced by the small size of the national economy. The author believes that the future of it will be profoundly influenced by remote work and digitization, service export, collaboration, and improved quality.
The role of the primary dealers in the government securities market
Authors:   Moldova State University, Speian Olesea
Published: December 2022

Governments need money for good functioning. Following the COVID – 19 pandemic and the energy crisis, finding sources to cover the budget deficits has become a real challenge. One of the ways of accumulating funds is by issuing government securities through auctions. Thus, countries are continuously concerned about developing the domestic debt market to decrease the dependence on external creditors. The primary dealer system is the most widespread form of cooperation between the issuer and investors. The main goal of the research is to show the influence of the primary dealer system on the development of the government securities market. In order to meet the requirements of the debt manager’s office they have to fulfil certain obligations. Despite the quantitative obligations of the primary dealers, the analysis focuses also on their qualitative aspects. Also, the paper presents a practical experience for selected countries regarding the evaluation of the activity of the primary dealers. The results of this research show a dependence between the development of the domestic government securities market and the methodology for evaluating the activity of the primary dealers.