bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclization of sulfide, ether or tertiary amine-tethered N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles: a facile synthetic protocol for 3-substituted isoquinolines or dihydroisoquinolines
Authors: Jiang Yu , Sun Run , Wang Qiang , Tang Xiang-Ying , Shi Min
Published: September 2015

A novel cyclization reaction of sulfide, ether or tertiary amine-tethered N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, has been developed, efficiently affording 3-substituted isoquinoline or dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
Correction: Assessing dimerisation degree and cooperativity in a biomimetic small-molecule model by pulsed EPR
Authors: Ackermann K. , Giannoulis A. , Cordes D. B. , Slawin A. M. Z. , Bode B. E.
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Assessing dimerisation degree and cooperativity in a biomimetic small-molecule model by pulsed EPR’ by K. Ackermann et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 5257–5260.
Lithium diffusivity in antimony-based intermetallic and FeSb–TiC composite anodes as measured by GITT
Authors: Allcorn Eric , Kim Sang Ok , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: September 2015

The diffusion coefficient of lithium is an important parameter in determining the rate capability of an electrode and its ability to deliver high power output.
A temperature-programmed reaction/single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for rapid investigation of gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions under realistic reaction conditions
Authors: He Songbo , Cui Huapeng , Lai Yulong , Sun Chenglin , Luo Sha , Li Haiyang , Seshan K.
Published: September 2015

A new TPRn/SPI-TOF-MS system for rapid investigation of realistic gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
Stereoretentive formylation of (S)-proline: new application of the self-regeneration of stereo-centres (SRS) principle via chelation to cobalt(iii)
Authors: Temizsoy Mehmet , Sethi Waqas , Reinholdt Anders , Schau-Magnussen Magnus , Bendix Jesper , Hammershøi Anders
Published: September 2015

Vilsmeier–Haack-type formylation of ligated (S)-prolinate was achieved stereoselectively at the substitution-inert cobalt(iii) centre. While coordinated, the stereogenic N centre of the (S)-prolinate ligand maintains chirality during reaction.
Luminescence, magnetocaloric effect and single-molecule magnet behavior in lanthanide complexes based on a tridentate ligand derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Shen Hai-Yun , Wang Wen-Min , Bi Yan-Xia , Gao Hong-Ling , Liu Shuang , Cui Jian-Zhong
Published: September 2015

New lanthanide complexes based on a tridentate ligand derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized. Luminescence properties and single-molecule magnet behavior were investigated.
ZnO cathode buffer layers for inverted polymer solar cells
Authors: Liang Zhiqiang , Zhang Qifeng , Jiang Lin , Cao Guozhong
Published: September 2015

This article provides an overview of the most widely used cathode buffer layers (CBLs) constructed using pristine ZnO, doped-ZnO, and ZnO-based composites as well as the surface modified ZnO-based CBLs for the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term device stability of inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs).
The presence and leachability of antimony in different wastes and waste handling facilities in Norway
Authors: Okkenhaug G. , Almås Å. R. , Morin N. , Hale S. E. , Arp H. P. H.
Published: September 2015

A comprehensive assessment of antimony in diverse waste-, leachate- and air-samples revealed plastic-containing waste and bottom ash release the most.
Design and synthesis of aromatic molecules for probing electric fields at the nanoscale
Authors: Faez Sanli , Verhart Nico R. , Markoulides Marios , Buda Francesco , Gourdon André , Orrit Michel
Published: September 2015

We propose using halogenated organic dyes as nanoprobes for electric fields and show their greatly enhanced Stark coefficients using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We analyse halogenated variants of three molecules that have been of interest for cryogenic single molecule spectroscopy: perylene, terrylene, and dibenzoterrylene, with the zero-phonon optical transitions at blue, red, and near-infrared. Out of all the combinations of halides and binding sites that are calculated, we have found that fluorination of the optimum binding site induces a dipole difference between the ground and excited states larger than 0.5 D for all three molecules with the highest value of 0.69 D for fluoroperylene. We also report on the synthesis of 3-fluoroterrylene and the bulk spectroscopy of this compound in liquid and solid organic environments.
Novel astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis using cell permeabilising ionic liquids
Authors: Desai Rupali K. , Streefland Mathieu , Wijffels Rene H. , Eppink Michel H. M.
Published: September 2015

Pre-treatment of H. pluvialis with an aqueous ionic liquid solution permeabilises the cell wall and astaxanthin can be subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate without mechanical disruption.
Inhibition profiles of mono- and polyvalent FimH antagonists against 10 different Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Chalopin T. , Brissonnet Y. , Sivignon A. , Deniaud D. , Cremet L. , Barnich N. , Bouckaert J. , Gouin S. G.
Published: September 2015

E. coliantiadhesives were synthesized and assessed againstE. colistrains isolated from patients with cystitis, osteoarticular infections or Crohn's disease.
Regioselective synthesis of 2H-indazoles through Ga/Al- and Al-mediated direct alkylation reactions of indazoles
Authors: Lin Mei-Huey , Liu Han-Jun , Lin Wei-Cheng , Kuo Chung-Kai , Chuang Tsung-Hsun
Published: September 2015

A procedure has been developed for the regioselective, high yielding synthesis of 2H-indazoles.
Catalytic enantioselective addition of isocyanoacetate to 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles under phase transfer catalysis conditions
Authors: Disetti Paolo , Moccia Maria , Salazar Illera Diana , Suresh Surisetti , Adamo Mauro F. A.
Published: September 2015

The reaction between 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles and ethyl isocyanoacetate proceeded under PTC to give enantioenriched monoadducts in high ee (up to 99%).
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of silver nanoparticles loaded on N-doped carbon and application for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Shanshan , Wu Jianning , Guo Xuhong , Liu Zhiyong
Published: September 2015

In this work, we report a novel and facile one-step approach for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) loaded on N-doped carbon (NC) composites.
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of ensulfonamides/enamides via catalyst-free intermolecular addition of indoles/pyrroles/imidazole to allenamides
Authors: Li Honghe , Ma Ting , Li Xiaoxiao , Zhao Zhigang
Published: September 2015

A catalyst-free intermolecular addition of indoles, pyrroles, and imidazole to allenamides is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly and provides a series of (E)-ensulfonamide/enamide derivatives in high yields with excellent regioselectivity.
Highly transparent poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-TiO2nanocomposite coatings for the conservation of matte painted artworks
Authors: Colombo A. , Gherardi F. , Goidanich S. , Delaney J. K. , de la Rie E. R. , Ubaldi M. C. , Toniolo L. , Simonutti R.
Published: September 2015

A nanocomposite coating based on TiO2nanoparticles and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is used as consolidant of matte paintings (such as temperas), by exploiting bulk scattering phenomenon to mimic the surface diffusive properties of the painted surface.
A series of codendrimers from polyamidoamine (PAMAM) and oligoethylene glycols (OEG) dendrons as drug carriers: the effect of OEG dendron decoration degree
Authors: Zhao Yanna , Zhao Jing , Li Ran , Han Meihua , Zhu Chunyan , Wang Mincan , Guo Yifei , Wang Xiangtao
Published: September 2015

To evaluate the effect of OEG dendron decoration degree and find a suitable carrier, a series of codendrimers are prepared and utilized to transport methotrexate.
Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene–E. coli hybrid with enhanced crystallinity in bacterial biomass
Authors: Priestley Rachel E. , Mansfield Alexander , Bye Joshua , Deplanche Kevin , Jorge Ana B. , Brett Dan , Macaskie Lynne E. , Sharma Surbhi
Published: September 2015

Schematic showing the possible electronic interactions betweenE. coli, Pd(ii) and GO during the simultaneous reduction process leading to enhanced crystallinity in bacterial biomass.
Rapid growth of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes on a lamellar support
Authors: Briggs N. M. , Crossley S. P.
Published: September 2015

The important influence of Al on Fe and Co catalyzed growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests between layers of a lamellar support is reported.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate zirconium(iv) phosphate (PEDOT:PSS–ZrP) composite ionomeric membrane for artificial muscle applications
Authors: Inamuddin Inamuddin , Jain R. K. , Hussain Sardar , Naushad Mu.
Published: September 2015

The PEDOT:PSS–ZrP ionomeric actuator was developed for artificial muscle applications.
Characteristics and kinetics of biomass tar cracking in a micro fluidized bed
Authors: Mao Yebing , Dong Yuping , Wang Bin , Chang Jiafu , Yu Jie , Zhang Yi , Huo Yan , Sun Chuansheng
Published: September 2015

A novel apparatus called micro fluidized bed reactor for liquids exhibits eligibility and superiority for analyzing reactions of liquid samples.
Curcumin affords protection against valproic acid induced teratogenicity by curtailing oxidative stress and inhibiting CYP2C9 activity
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Chandasana Hardik , Bhatta Rabi Sankar , Sethi Nikunj , Yadav Sudhaker , Sinha Neeraj
Published: September 2015

The toxic metabolite (E)-2,4-diene-VPA is involved in generation of oxidative stress subsequently contributing in induction of malformations and anomalies and that curcumin affords dose dependent amelioration of the anomalies exerted by VPA.
Single-step synthesis of various distinct hierarchical Ag structures
Authors: Dandapat Anirban , Ferhan Abdul Rahim , Chen Lichan , Kim Dong-Hwan
Published: September 2015

We present a new synthesis approach for the formation of several unique Ag hierarchical nanostructures via a single-step solution based approach.
A quantum chemical study on the electrochemical behaviour and solid phase microextraction of pyrogallol at an aluminum-8-hydroxylquinonoline modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Zhu Yongchun , Bao Amin , Xiao Nan , Su Guitian , Lang Jianqiao
Published: September 2015

Quantum chemistry calculation was performed with PM6 in MOPAC2012 software based on the molecular cluster models of a piece of graphene including 38 carbon atoms, 8-hydroxylquinoline-alumium complexes and pyrogallol in vacuum conditions.
Optical performance improvement of semi-transparent metal film electrodes with biomimetic subwavelength gratings for high-performance optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Choi Minkyu , Leem Jung Woo , Yu Jae Su
Published: September 2015

Semi-transparent metal electrodes consisting of silver-coated subwavelength gratings on polymer film/polyethylene terephthalate substrates for high-performance optoelectronic device applications.
Enhanced microwave absorbing properties of PVP@multi-walled carbon nanotubes/graphene three-dimensional hybrids
Authors: Ding Lichao , Zhang Aibo , Lu Honglong , Zhang Yanping , Zheng Yaping
Published: September 2015

Reflection loss of (a) GNPs; (b) MWNTs; (c) PVP@MWNTs/GNPs hybrids.
Flexible hollow CeO2/Al2O3 fibers: preparation, characterization and dye adsorption efficiency
Authors: Zhou Xing-hai , Kang Wei-min , Xu Wei , Cheng Bo-wen
Published: September 2015

Flexible hollow CeO2/Al2O3 fibers were prepared by a coaxial electro-blowing spinning technique and exhibited strong adsorption capacity for MO molecules.
Thermally stable imidazoline-based sulfonate copolymers for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Luo Shan , Liu Tongyi , Xia Hong , Jing Dong , Zhang Qin , Li Shiwei , Li Zhonghui , Guo Qipeng
Published: September 2015

Novel water-soluble imidazoline-based sulfonate copolymers were synthesized; the copolymers possess excellent thermal stability and outstanding potential for application in high-temperature oil recovery.
Enhanced oxygen reduction from the insertion of cobalt into nitrogen-doped porous carbons
Authors: Kim Gi Mihn , Baik Seoyeon , Lee Jae W.
Published: September 2015

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity by impregnating Co3O4to N-doped porous carbons.
Targeting and noninvasive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in situ by ZnO nanorod-mediated concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Patel Nishant , Xiong Jian , Ding Shuang
Published: September 2015

TfR Ab/Dox/ZnO nanocomposites, in which transferrin receptor antibody (TfR Ab) functionalized ZnO nanorods, loaded with doxorubicin (Dox), were prepared to mediate concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Substituted group directed assembly of energetic lead(ii) compounds based on structure-relevant ligands
Authors: Yang Gao Wen , Zhang Fei Fei , Wu Qi , Cao Meng Jie , Bai Yu , Li Qiao Yun , Wei Bo , Zou Jian Hua
Published: September 2015

Two Pb(ii) compounds were prepared. The luminescence properties were investigated. The DSC shows that compound2can be used as a energetic material.
Optimizing the deposition of CdSe colloidal quantum dots on TiO2film electrode via capping ligand induced self-assembly approach
Authors: Meng Xinxin , Du Jun , Zhang Hua , Zhong Xinhua
Published: September 2015

The influences of experimental parameters in the process of CdSe QD depositionviaa capping ligand-induced self-assembly method on the QD loading and the performance of the resultant cell devices have been systematically investigated and optimized.
An unexpected three-component reaction of 2-alkylenecyclobutanone and N′-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with water
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Wang He , Xia Hong-Guang , Wu Jie
Published: September 2015

A silver(i)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 2-alkylenecyclobutanone, N′-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with water gives rise to 3-(pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolin-1-yl)propanoic acids in good yields through 6-endo cyclization, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and rearrangement.
Clathrate directed assembly of tetrapyridyl-tetraphenylethylene metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Jackson Sam L. , Rananaware Anushri , Rix Colin , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Latham Kay
Published: September 2015

A highly microporous with rhomboid pores measuring ∼14 × 17 Å giving approximately 49% solvent accessible void space in which tetrachloroethylene molecules act as structure directing agents.
A practical and general ipso iodination of arylboronic acids using N-iodomorpholinium iodide (NIMI) as a novel iodinating agent: mild and regioselective synthesis of aryliodides
Authors: Tale R. H. , Toradmal G. K. , Gopula V. B.
Published: September 2015

A mild and efficient protocol for the ipso-iodination of aryl boronic acids using N-iodomorpholinium iodide (NIMI) generated in situ from morpholine and molecular iodine as a novel iodinating agent has been developed.
Correction: Titanate and titania nanostructured materials for environmental and energy applications: a review
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Jiang Zhelong , Huang Jianying , Lim Linda Y. , Li Wenlong , Deng Jiyang , Gong Dangguo , Tang Yuxin , Lai Yuekun , Chen Zhong
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Titanate and titania nanostructured materials for environmental and energy applications: a review’ by Yanyan Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 79479–79510.
Correction: Intriguing properties of unusual silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Manzetti Sergio , Lu Tian , Behzadi Hadi , Esrafili Mehdi D. , Thi Le Ha-Linh , Vach Holger
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Intriguing properties of unusual silicon nanocrystals’ by Sergio Manzetti et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 78192–78208.
Predicting finite-temperature properties of crystalline carbon dioxide from first principles with quantitative accuracy
Authors: Heit Yonaton N. , Nanda Kaushik D. , Beran Gregory J. O.
Published: September 2015

The temperature-dependence of the crystalline carbon dioxide (phase I) structure, thermodynamics, and mechanical properties are predicted in excellent agreement with experiment over a 200 K temperature range using high-level electronic structure calculations.
Super proton/electron mixed conduction in graphene oxide hybrids by intercalating sulfate ions
Authors: Hatakeyama Kazuto , Islam Md. Saidul , Michio Koinuma , Ogata Chikako , Taniguchi Takaaki , Funatsu Asami , Kida Tetsuya , Hayami Shinya , Matsumoto Yasumichi
Published: September 2015

We successfully developed an efficient proton/electron mixed conductor by introducing sulfate ions into graphene oxide interlayers.
Hierarchical vanadium oxide microspheres forming from hyperbranched nanoribbons as remarkably high performance electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Hong-Yi , Wei Chuang , Wang Liang , Zuo Qi-Sang , Li Xinlu , Xie Bing
Published: September 2015

Novel hierarchical vanadium oxide microspheres forming from hyperbranched growth of nanoribbons have been successfully synthesized as remarkably high performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Impact of phospholipids on plasmid packaging and toxicity of gemini nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Chilbert , Badea Ildiko , Poorghorban Masoomeh , Verrall Ronald , Foldvari Marianna
Published: September 2015

Understanding the relationship of structural modifications on the assembly and disassembly of synthetic or non-viral gene delivery is crucial with regard to their rational development.
Strategies for modulating innate immune activation and protein production of in vitro transcribed mRNAs
Authors: Loomis Kristin H. , Kirschman Jonathan L. , Bhosle Sushma , Bellamkonda Ravi V. , Santangelo Philip J.
Published: September 2015

This review discusses the challenges associated with IVT mRNA therapeutics and vaccines as well as the current strategies employed to overcome these challenges.
Solid-state chemistry of glassy antimony oxides
Authors: Kim Chang-Eun , Skelton Jonathan M. , Walsh Aron , Soon Aloysius
Published: September 2015

Using hybrid density-functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics, we calculate and characterize glassy amorphous antimony oxides in elevated oxygen environments, and provide information on how their atomic and electronic structures change as a function of their oxygen environment.
Cytotoxic effects of aspartame on human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Pandurangan Muthuraman , Enkhtaivan Gansukh , Kim Doo Hwan
Published: September 2015

Aspartame is used as an artificial sweetener in more than 6000 food varieties. The present study aims to determine the effects of aspartame at various concentrations on the cell viability, morphology, ROS level and DNA of human cervical carcinoma cells over two time periods of exposure. The effects of aspartame on HeLa cell viability were investigated using the sulphorhodamine-B assay (SRB assay) and flow cytometry. Alkaline comet assay was carried out to determine the possible DNA damage induced by aspartame. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the presence of apoptotic and necrotic cells following aspartame treatment. Cell viability was significantly altered following a higher concentration of aspartame exposure. Mitochondria-derived ROS increased at higher concentrations of aspartame exposure. Exposure to 10 mM and 20 mM of aspartame induced DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic and necrotic bodies were found in the range of 1–20 mM aspartame exposure. Exposure to high concentrations of aspartame may alter cell viability and morphology, and it may induce ROS generation and DNA damage in cervical carcinoma cells.
Animal models for photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Authors: Silva Zenildo Santos , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Huang Ying-Ying , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: September 2015

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PSs), which absorb visible light to give the excited singlet state, followed by the long-lived triplet state that can undergo photochemistry. In the presence of ambient oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are formed that are able to kill cancer cells, inactivate microbial pathogens and destroy unwanted tissue. Although there are already several clinically approved PSs for various disease indications, many studies around the world are using animal models to investigate the further utility of PDT. The present review will cover the main groups of animal models that have been described in the literature. Cancer comprises the single biggest group of models including syngeneic mouse/rat tumours that can either be subcutaneous or orthotopic and allow the study of anti-tumour immune response; human tumours that need to be implanted in immunosuppressed hosts; carcinogen-induced tumours; and mice that have been genetically engineered to develop cancer (often by pathways similar to those in patients). Infections are the second biggest class of animal models and the anatomical sites include wounds, burns, oral cavity, ears, eyes, nose etc. Responsible pathogens can include Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. A smaller and diverse group of miscellaneous animal models have been reported that allow PDT to be tested in ophthalmology, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, dermatology and wound healing. Successful studies using animal models of PDT are blazing the trail for tomorrow's clinical approvals.
Plic-1, a new target in repressing epileptic seizure by regulation of GABAAR function in patients and a rat model of epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Li Zengyou , Gu Juan , Zhang Yanke , Wang Wei , Shen Hui , Chen Guojun , Wang Xuefeng
Published: September 2015

Dysfunction of γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors (GABAARs) is a prominent factor affecting intractable epilepsy. Plic-1, an ubiquitin-like protein enriched in the inhibitory synapses connecting GABAARs and the ubiquitin protease system (UPS), plays a key role in the modification of GABAAR functions. However, the relationship between Plic-1 and epileptogenesis is not known. In the present study, we aimed to investigate Plic-1 levels in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as the role of Plic-1 in regulating onset and progression of epilepsy in animal models. We found that Plic-1 expression was significantly decreased in patients with epilepsy as well as pilocarpine- and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced rat epileptic models. Intrahippocampal injection of the PePα peptide, which disrupts Plic-1 binding to GABAARs, significantly shortened the latency of seizure onset, and increased the seizure severity and duration in these two epileptic models. Overexpressed Plic-1 through lentivirus transfection into a PTZ model resulted in a reduction in both seizure severity and generalized tonic–clonic seizure duration. Whole-cell clamp recordings revealed that the PePα peptide decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) whereas overexpressed Plic-1 increased mIPSCs in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. These effects can be blocked by picrotoxin, a GABAAR inhibitor. Our results indicate that Plic-1 plays an important role in managing epileptic seizures by enhancing seizure inhibition through regulation of GABAARs at synaptic sites.
Design and analysis of a K‐band wideband voltage‐controlled oscillator with robust start‐up and frequency boost
Authors: Sun Junyi , Boon Chirn Chye , Yi Xiang , Lim Wei Meng , Meng Fanyi
Published: September 2015

This study presents a K‐band differential voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with robust start‐up. A hybrid technique that combines open‐loop digitally controlled tail current with switchable auxiliary cross‐coupled pairs (ACCPs) is proposed to ensure robust start‐up for wideband operation. Compared with prior closed‐loop current controlling method, the proposed technique does not suffer from phase‐noise degradation. Furthermore, by evenly distributing the ACCPs, transistors with smaller size are allowed to achieve the same start‐up condition, which leads to frequency boost and phase‐noise improvement. Implemented in 0.18 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology, the VCO achieves a wide‐frequency tuning range of 21.4–26.29 GHz (20.5%) and a low phase noise of −108.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 25.8 GHz carrier frequency. At 1.1 V power supply, the power consumption of the core circuit is 7.9–11.4 mW across the entire output frequency range.
Discontinuous conduction/current mode analysis of dual interleaved buck and boost converters with interphase transformer
Authors: Wu Ding , Calderon‐Lopez Gerardo , Forsyth Andrew John
Published: September 2015

A comprehensive and unified analysis is presented for the discontinuous conduction/current mode operation of dual interleaved buck and boost converters with an interphase transformer or coupled inductors. By exploiting the symmetry in the current waveforms between the buck and boost modes of operation, detailed operating maps are derived showing the seven separate discontinuous operating patterns in each circuit. Boundary conditions and overall conversion characteristics are presented along with validation results from simulations and measurements on high‐power prototypes.
Fast algorithm for Radon‐ambiguity transform
Authors: Yang Linsen , Zhang Zijing , Guo Fuyang
Published: September 2015

This study generalises the definition of ambiguity function (AF) by deriving the generalised definition based on the signals in the fractional Fourier domain, and also proves the property that the coordinate‐rotated AF by an angle is equivalent to the AF of the signals after being fractional Fourier transformed with that angle. Combined with the modified algorithm for projecting generalised AF on coordinate axes, an analytic expression for Radon‐ambiguity transform directly based on signals, instead of the AF, is deduced in this study. For sampled signals, the proposed algorithm for Radon‐ambiguity transform can be realised by using the fast Fourier transform, and is computationally efficient. At the end of this study, simulation results validate the rotational property of AFs and also demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
The Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score
Authors: Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Koerner John D. , Vialle Luiz R. , Aarabi Bizhan , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Bellabarba Carlo , Chapman Jens R. , Kandziora Frank , Schnake Klaus J. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Reinhold Max , Oner F. Cumhur
Published: September 2015

Study Design

Survey of 100 worldwide spine surgeons.

Objective

To develop a spine injury score for the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System.

Methods

Each respondent was asked to numerically grade the severity of each variable of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System. Using the results, as well as limited input from the AOSpine Trauma Knowledge Forum, the Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score was developed.

Results

Beginning with 1 point for A1, groups A, B, and C were consecutively awarded an additional point (A1, 1 point; A2, 2 points; A3, 3 points); however, because of a significant increase in the severity between A3 and A4 and because the severity of A4 and B1 was similar, both A4 and B1 were awarded 5 points. An uneven stepwise increase in severity moving from N0 to N4, with a substantial increase in severity between N2 (nerve root injury with radicular symptoms) and N3 (incomplete spinal cord injury) injuries, was identified. Hence, each grade of neurologic injury was progressively given an additional point starting with 0 points for N0, and the substantial difference in severity between N2 and N3 injuries was recognized by elevating N3 to 4 points. Finally, 1 point was awarded to the M1 modifier (indeterminate posterolateral ligamentous complex injury).

Conclusion

The Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score is an easy-to-use, data-driven metric that will allow for the development of a surgical algorithm to accompany the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System.
Solitary C1 Posterior Fixation for Unstable Isolated Atlas Fractures: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bednar Drew A. , Almansoori Khaled A.
Published: September 2015

Study Design

A systematic review of the literature.

Objectives

To review the published results to date of motion-preserving direct reconstruction of C1 ring fractures with combined coronal plane displacement of at least 7 mm (rule of Spence) and so at risk for Dickman type I or II disruption of the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL).

Methods

A structured literature review prompted by successful management of a typical case.

Results

To date only 65 such cases are reported and follow-up is almost uniformly short. Although reported clinical success is uniform, the case mix is heterogenous and confirmation/classification of ligamentous injury at baseline is often lacking.

Conclusions

Direct C1 stabilization shows promise as a “more selective” option in managing displaced atlas fractures with probable TAL disruption but cannot yet be recommended as a practice standard. Prospective clinical studies are indicated and should be structured so as to differentiate between Dickman type I and type II injuries of the TAL.
Quick chip assay using locked nucleic acid modified epithelial cell adhesion molecule and nucleolin aptamers for the capture of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Maremanda Nihal G. , Roy Kislay , Kanwar Rupinder K. , Shyamsundar Vidyarani , Ramshankar Vijayalakshmi , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Krishnakumar Subramanian , Kanwar Jagat R.
Published: September 2015

The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy, and clinical decision making is immense and has attracted tremendous focus in the last decade. We designed and fabricated simple, flat channel microfluidic devices polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS based) functionalized with locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified aptamers (targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and nucleolin expression) for quick and efficient capture of CTCs and cancer cells. With optimized flow rates (10 μl/min), it was revealed that the aptamer modified devices offered reusability for up to six times while retaining optimal capture efficiency (>90%) and specificity. High capture sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) was observed in whole blood samples spiked with Caco-2 cells (10–100 cells/ml). Analysis of blood samples obtained from 25 head and neck cancer patients on the EpCAM LNA aptamer functionalized chip revealed that an average count of 5 ± 3 CTCs/ml of blood were captured from 22/25 samples (88%). EpCAM intracellular domain (EpICD) immunohistochemistry on 9 oral squamous cell carcinomas showed the EpICD positivity in the tumor cells, confirming the EpCAM expression in CTCs from head and neck cancers. These microfluidic devices also maintained viability for in vitro culture and characterization. Use of LNA modified aptamers provided added benefits in terms of cost effectiveness due to increased reusability and sustainability of the devices. Our results present a robust, quick, and efficient CTC capture platform with the use of simple PDMS based devices that are easy to fabricate at low cost and have an immense potential in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic planning.
Environment induced decoherence for Markovian evolutions
Authors: Carbone Raffaella , Sasso Emanuela , Umanità Veronica
Published: September 2015

We study environmental decoherence for a quantum Markov semigroup T acting on an arbitrary von Neumann algebra M. In particular, we analyze the relationships between the decomposition of the algebra induced by decoherence and a sort of “isometric-sweeping decomposition” for the space of states. Moreover, when the semigroup has a faithful normal invariant state, we embed the algebra M in its completion M̂ with respect to the scalar product induced by the faithful state, and we compare the decomposition induced by decoherence with some other kind of isometric-sweeping decompositions of M and M̂.
Vortex equations governing the fractional quantum Hall effect
Authors: Medina Luciano
Published: September 2015

An existence theory is established for a coupled non-linear elliptic system, known as “vortex equations,” describing the fractional quantum Hall effect in 2-dimensional double-layered electron systems. Via variational methods, we prove the existence and uniqueness of multiple vortices over a doubly periodic domain and the full plane. In the doubly periodic situation, explicit sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained that relate the size of the domain and the vortex numbers. For the full plane case, existence is established for all finite-energy solutions and exponential decay estimates are proved. Quantization phenomena of the magnetic flux are found in both cases.
Limitation of the ECRIS performance by kinetic plasma instabilities (invited)
Authors: Tarvainen O. , Kalvas T. , Koivisto H. , Komppula J. , Kronholm R. , Laulainen J. , Izotov I. , Mansfeld D. , Skalyga V. , Toivanen V. , Machicoane G.
Published: September 2015

Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasmas are prone to kinetic instabilities due to anisotropic electron velocity distribution. The instabilities are associated with strong microwave emission and periodic bursts of energetic electrons escaping the magnetic confinement. The instabilities explain the periodic ms-scale oscillation of the extracted beam current observed with several high performance ECRISs and restrict the parameter space available for the optimization of extracted beam currents of highly charged ions. Experiments with the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS have demonstrated that due to the instabilities the optimum Bmin-field is less than 0.8BECR, which is the value suggested by the semiempirical scaling laws guiding the design of ECRISs.
Development and preliminary results of radio frequency ion source
Authors: Xie Yahong , Hu Chundong , Jiang Caichao , Chen Yuqian , Gu Yumin , Su Renxue , Xie Yuanlai , Liu Zhimin
Published: September 2015

A radio frequency (RF) ion source was designed and developed for neutral beam injector. A RF driver test bed was used with a RF generator with maximum power of 25 kW with 1 MHz frequency and a matching box. In order to study the characteristic of RF plasma generation, the capacitance in the matching box was adjusted with different cases. The results show that lower capacitance will better the stability of the plasma with higher RF power. In the future, new RF coils and matching box will be developed for plasma generators with higher RF power of 50 kW.
Plasma current resonance in asymmetric toroidal systems
Authors: Hazeltine R. D. , Catto Peter J.
Published: September 2015

The well-known singularity in the magnetic differential equation for plasma current in an asymmetric toroidal confinement system is resolved by including in the pressure tensor corrections stemming from finite Larmor radius. The result provides an estimate of the amplitude of spikes in the parallel current that occur on rational magnetic surfaces. Resolution of the singularity is shown to depend on both the ambipolarity condition—the requirement of zero surface-averaged radial current—and the form of the magnetic differential equation near the rational surface.
Parallel Hall effect from three-dimensional single-component metamaterials
Authors: Kern Christian , Kadic Muamer , Wegener Martin
Published: September 2015

We propose a class of three-dimensional metamaterial architectures composed of a single doped semiconductor (e.g., n-Si) in air or vacuum which lead to an unusual effective behavior of the classical Hall effect. Using an anisotropic structure, we numerically demonstrate a Hall voltage that is parallel—rather than orthogonal—to the external static magnetic-field vector (“parallel Hall effect”). The sign of this parallel Hall voltage can be determined by a structure parameter. Together with the previously demonstrated positive or negative orthogonal Hall voltage, we demonstrate four different sign combinations.
Magnetostatic interaction in soft magnetic bilayer ribbons unambiguously identified by first-order reversal curve analysis
Authors: Rivas M. , Martínez-García J. C. , Škorvánek I. , Marcin J. , Švec P. , Gorria P.
Published: September 2015

Monolithic amorphous Fe73.5Nb3Si13.5B9Cu1/Fe74.5Nb3Si13.5B9 bilayer ribbons were obtained by double-nozzle melt-spinning and subsequently annealed to produce a composite with a tailored nano/micro-crystalline structure. The overall magnetic behavior is characterized by butterfly-shaped high field hysteresis loops and positively biased low field ones. The main questions we wish to address here are whether the global magnetic behavior of the bilayer can be separated into the individual contributions of each layer and the magneto-coupling between them can be well understood. For that purpose, we performed first-order reversal curve analysis, which enabled us to distinctly identify two phases, of ultra-soft and semi-soft magnetic natures, whose mutual predominant interaction is the magnetostatic coupling.
Quantum cascade emission in the III-nitride material system designed with effective interface grading
Authors: Song Alex Y. , Bhat Rajaram , Allerman Andrew A. , Wang Jie , Huang Tzu-Yung , Zah Chung-En , Gmachl Claire F.
Published: September 2015

We report the realization of quantum cascade (QC) light emission in the III-nitride material system, designed with effective interface grading (EIG). EIG induces a continuous transition between wells and barriers in the quantum confinement, which alters the eigenstate system and even delocalizes the states with higher energy. Fully transverse-magnetic spontaneous emission is observed from the fabricated III-nitride QC structure, with a center wavelength of ∼4.9 μm and a full width at half maximum of ∼110 meV, both in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. A multi-peak photo-response spectrum is also measured from the QC structure, which again agrees well with theoretical calculations and verifies the effects of EIG.
Imprinting skyrmions in thin films by ferromagnetic and superconducting templates
Authors: Del-Valle Nuria , Agramunt-Puig Sebastià , Sanchez Alvaro , Navau Carles
Published: September 2015

Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates as information carriers in a new generation of memories. Here, we study the physical conditions for nucleating and stabilizing skyrmions by using local magnetic fields. We theoretically demonstrate how skyrmions can be imprinted in ultrathin ferromagnetic films, either individually and also in large numbers by bringing a magnetic nanostructured template close to the film. In this latter case, two kinds of templates, allowed by present-day nanotechnologies, are proposed: arrays of ferromagnetic nanorods or superconducting vortices.
Terahertz detection by epitaxial-graphene field-effect-transistors on silicon carbide
Authors: Bianco F. , Perenzoni D. , Convertino D. , De Bonis S. L. , Spirito D. , Perenzoni M. , Coletti C. , Vitiello M. S. , Tredicucci A.
Published: September 2015

We report on room temperature detection of terahertz radiation by means of antenna-coupled field effect transistors (FETs) fabricated using epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide. The achieved photoresponsivity (∼0.25 V/W) and noise equivalent power (∼80 nW/Hz) result from the combined effect of two independent detection mechanisms: over-damped plasma wave rectification and thermoelectric effects, the latter ascribed to the presence of carrier density junctions along the FET channel. The calculated plasmonic and thermoelectric response reproduces qualitatively well the measured photovoltages; the experimentally observed sign-switch demonstrates the stronger contribution of plasmonic detection compared to the thermoelectric one. These results unveil the potential of plasmonic detectors exploiting epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide for fast large area imaging of macroscopic samples.
Large magnetocapacitance effect in magnetic tunnel junctions based on Debye-Fröhlich model
Authors: Kaiju Hideo , Takei Masashi , Misawa Takahiro , Nagahama Taro , Nishii Junji , Xiao Gang
Published: September 2015

The frequency dependence of tunneling magnetocapacitance (TMC) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. According to the calculation based on Debye-Fröhlich model combined with Julliere formula, the TMC ratio strongly depends on the frequency and it has the maximum peak at a specific frequency. The calculated frequency dependence of TMC is in good agreement with the experimental results obtained in MgO-based MTJs with a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 108%, which exhibit a large TMC ratio of 155% at room temperature. This calculation also predicts that the TMC ratio can be as large as about 1000% for a spin polarization of 87%, while the TMR ratio is 623% for the same spin polarization. These theoretical and experimental findings provide a deeper understanding on AC spin-dependent transport in the MTJs and will open up wider opportunities for device applications, such as highly sensitive magnetic sensors and impedance-tunable devices.
Acoustic planar hyperlens based on anisotropic density-near-zero metamaterials
Authors: Gu Yuan , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun
Published: September 2015

Based on anisotropic density-near-zero metamaterials, we demonstrate a planar hyperlens with resolution beyond the diffraction limit in both one and two lateral dimensions. In contrast to the cylindrical hyperlens with elliptical dispersions of finite anisotropy, the proposed planar hyperlens is designed with flat near-zero dispersion that supports wave tunneling with extremely high phase velocity for infinite large transverse wave vectors. Therefore, the acoustic evanescent waves immediately concentrate into the designed oblique path till the output surface, leading to a subwavelength resolution. Prototype hyperlens is constructed with a membrane-network by means of equivalent lumped-circuit model, and the subwavelength magnifying performance for a pair of one-dimensional line objects as well as the complex two-dimensional structure is demonstrated. This method provides diverse routes to construct hyperlens operating without the limitation on imaging region in practical applications.
Semiconductor up-converter based on cascade carrier transport for infrared detection/imaging
Authors: Wang Lei , Hao Zhi-Biao , Luo Yi , Kang Jian-Bin , Wang Lai , Xiong Bing , Sun Chang-Zheng , Wang Jian , Han Yan-Jun , Li Hong-Tao , Wang Lu , Wang Wen-Xin , Chen Hong
Published: September 2015

The next generation infrared (IR) detection and imaging technology calls for very large-scale IR sensitive chips with non-compromised performance. IR up-converters based on mature III-V semiconductors are thought to be quite promising candidates. However, the up-converters and the corresponding up-conversion systems so far substantially fall behind traditional IR detectors in terms of device performance due to the more serious trade-off between responsivity and dark current. In this article, a cascade infrared up-converter (CIUP) is proposed. By employing cascade carrier transport, IR responsivity can be enhanced while dark current remains in fairly low level. For the fabricated 4-μm InGaAs/AlGaAs CIUP under 3.3 V at 78 K, the up-conversion efficiency of the system is 2.1 mW/W under 2.1 μW mid-infrared input. Both the up-converter and the up-conversion system are under background-limited infrared performance regime below 120 K. Taking shot noise as the main source of system noise, the CIUP system displays a higher detectivity than previous semiconductor up-converters at similar wavelengths, and thus possesses greater potential for future large-scale IR detection and imaging applications.
Characteristics of 5M modulated martensite in Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Çakır A. , Acet M. , Righi L. , Albertini F. , Farle M.
Published: September 2015

The applicability of the magnetic shape memory effect in Ni-Mn-based martensitic Heusler alloys is closely related to the nature of the crystallographically modulated martensite phase in these materials. We study the properties of modulated phases as a function of temperature and composition in three magnetic shape memory alloys Ni49.8Mn25.0Ga25.2, Ni49.8Mn27.1Ga23.1 and Ni49.5Mn28.6Ga21.9. The effect of substituting Ga for Mn leads to an anisotropic expansion of the lattice, where the b-parameter of the 5M modulated structure increases and the a and c-parameters decrease with increasing Ga concentration. The modulation vector is found to be both temperature and composition dependent. The size of the modulation vector corresponds to an incommensurate structure for Ni49.8Mn25.0Ga25.2 at all temperatures. For the other samples the modulation is incommensurate at low temperatures but reaches a commensurate value of q ≈ 0.400 close to room temperature. The results show that commensurateness of the 5M modulated structure is a special case of incommensurate 5M at a particular temperature.
Naturalization fosters the long-term political integration of immigrants
Authors: Hainmueller Jens , Hangartner Dominik , Pietrantuono Giuseppe
Published: September 2015

Significance

The political integration of immigrant minorities is one of the most pressing policy issues many countries face today. Despite heated debates, there exists little rigorous evidence about whether naturalization fosters or dampens the integration of immigrants into the political fabric of the host society. Our study provides new causal evidence on the long-term effects of naturalization on political integration. Our research design takes advantage of a natural experiment in Switzerland that allows us to separate the independent effect of naturalization from the nonrandom selection into naturalization. We find that in our sample, naturalization caused long-lasting improvements in political integration, with immigrants becoming likely to vote and attaining considerably higher levels of political efficacy and political knowledge.
A parasitic nematode releases cytokinin that controls cell division and orchestrates feeding site formation in host plants
Authors: Siddique Shahid , Radakovic Zoran S. , De La Torre Carola M. , Chronis Demosthenis , Novák Ondřej , Ramireddy Eswarayya , Holbein Julia , Matera Christiane , Hütten Marion , Gutbrod Philipp , Anjam Muhammad Shahzad , Rozanska Elzbieta , Habash Samer , Elashry Abdelnaser , Sobczak Miroslaw , Kakimoto Tatsuo , Strnad Miroslav , Schmülling Thomas , Mitchum Melissa G. , Grundler Florian M. W.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Sedentary plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are microscopic roundworms that cause significant yield losses in agriculture. Successful parasitism is based on the formation of a hypermetabolic feeding site in host roots from which the nematodes withdraw their nutrients. The host cell cycle is activated at the site of infection and contributes to the formation of the syncytium. Here, we provide genetic evidence that nematode-derived cytokinin is involved in activating the host cell cycle during infection. Our findings show the ability of an animal to synthesize and secrete a functional plant hormone to establish long-term parasitism.