bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-stage approach for an optimum solution of the car assembly scheduling problem Part 1. Problem statement, solution outline and tutorial example
Authors: Mazur Michał , Niederliński Antoni
Published: October 2015

A new approach to solving realistic car assembly scheduling problems for mixed model assembly line is presented. It is proposed to decompose the problem into two subproblems: 1) a sequencing problem that generates admissible car sequences fulfilling capacity constraints for all car models in the production plan, 2) a scheduling problem that determines an admissible car sequence with shortest makespan. The details of this approach are illustrated by a simple numerical example.
A Two-stage approach for an optimum solution of the car assembly scheduling problem. Part 2. CLP solution and real-world example
Authors: Mazur Michał , Niederliński Antoni
Published: October 2015

A Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) tool for solving the problem discussed in Part 1 of the paper has been designed. It is outlined and discussed in the paper. The program has been used for solving a real-world car assembly scheduling problem.
Modeling and control of an unstable system using probabilistic fuzzy inference system
Authors: Sozhamadevi N. , Sathiyamoorthy S.
Published: October 2015

A new type Fuzzy Inference System is proposed, a Probabilistic Fuzzy Inference system which model and minimizes the effects of statistical uncertainties. The blend of two different concepts, degree of truth and probability of truth in a unique framework leads to this new concept. This combination is carried out both in Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy rules, which gives rise to Probabilistic Fuzzy Sets and Probabilistic Fuzzy Rules. Introducing these probabilistic elements, a distinctive probabilistic fuzzy inference system is developed and this involves fuzzification, inference and output processing. This integrated approach accounts for all of the uncertainty like rule uncertainties and measurement uncertainties present in the systems and has led to the design which performs optimally after training. In this paper a Probabilistic Fuzzy Inference System is applied for modeling and control of a highly nonlinear, unstable system and also proved its effectiveness.
Durability of MAR-247 and IN-713C Nickel Superalloys under Cyclic Creep Conditions
Authors: Cieśla M. , Binczyk F. , Junak G. , Mańka M. , Gradoń P.
Published: October 2015

Paper presents the assessment of impact of heat treatment on durability in low-cycle fatigue conditions (under constant load) in castings made using post-production scrap of MAR-247 and IN-713C superalloys. Castings were obtained using modification and filtration methods. Additionally, casting made of MAR-247 were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution treatment and subsequent aging. During low-cycle fatigue test the cyclic creep process were observed. It was demonstrated that the fine-grained samples have significantly higher durability in test conditions and , at the same time, lower values of plastic deformation to rupture Δϵpl. It has been also proven that durability of fine-grained MAR-247 samples can be further raised by about 60% using aforementioned heat treatment.
Determination of Eutectoid Transformation Temperatures in Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Orłowicz A.W. , Trytek A. , Mróz M. , Tupaj M.
Published: October 2015

The paper proposes a methodology useful in verification of results of dilatometric tests aimed at determination of temperatures defining the start and the end of eutectoid transformation in the course of ductile cast iron cooling, based on quenching techniques and metallographic examination. For an industrial melt of ductile cast iron, the effect of the rate of cooling after austenitization at temperature 900°C carried out for 30 minutes on temperatures TAr1start and TAr1end was determined. The heating rates applied in the study were the same as the cooling rates and equaled 30, 60, 90, 150, and 300°C/h. It has been found that with increasing cooling rate, values of temperatures TAr1start and TAr1end decrease by several dozen degrees.
The Sources of Surface Defects in Castings Produced in Automated Process Lines
Authors: Wron R. , Brzeziński M. , Ziółkowski E.
Published: October 2015

This study summarises the research efforts undertaken in iron foundry plants in which the process are mostly automated and mechanised. The research program was limited in scope, focusing on causes of surface defects in castings products that are attributable to the bentonite-containing sand and the mould system. One of the potential roots of surface defects is heterogeneity of sand grains, containing lumped ball-shaped grains and irregular pellets with a layered-structure. The moisture contents of those lumped grains is different than the moisture level required in the process, besides these grains may contain various elements and metallic compounds which, when cast into moulds, may react with molten metals in an uncontrolled manner. As a result, surface defects are produced, such as surface blowholes, burst penetration, sand holes, slag inclusions, pinhole porosity. This study investigated the efficiency of key sand preparation and moulding machines and installations integrated into the casting process line. The efficiency of machines and installations is defined in terms of quality parameters of sand mix and moulds, which are associated with the emergence of surface defects on castings.
Thermodynamic Assessment of Mushy Zone in Directional Solidification
Authors: Mikołajczak P. , Ratke L.
Published: October 2015

Solidification of AlSiFe alloys was studied using a directional solidification facility and the CALPHAD technique was applied to calculate phase diagrams and to predict occurring phases. The specimens solidified by electromagnetic stirring showed segregation across, and the measured chemical compositions were transferred into phase diagrams. The ternary phase diagrams presented different solidification paths caused by segregation in each selected specimen. The property diagrams showed modification in the sequence and precipitation temperature of the phases. It is proposed in the study to use thermodynamic calculations with Thermo-Calc which enables us to visualize the mushy zone in directional solidification. 2D maps based on property diagrams show a mushy zone with a liquid channel in the AlSi7Fe1.0 specimen center, where significant mass fraction (33%) of β-Al5FeSi phases may precipitate before α-Al dendrites form. Otherwise liquid channel occurred almost empty of β in AlSi7Fe0.5 specimen and completely without β in AlSi9Fe0.2. The property diagrams revealed also possible formation of α-Al8Fe2Si phases.
Assessment of exposure to the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry using complementing methods / Ocjena izloženosti kompleksu Penicillium glabrum u proizvodnji pluta s pomoću komplementarnih metoda
Authors: Viegas Carla , Botelho Daniel , Santos Mateus dos , Gomes Anita Quintal
Published: October 2015

Cork oak is the second most dominant forest species in Portugal and makes this country the world leader in cork export. Occupational exposure to Chrysonilia sitophila and the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry is common, and the latter fungus is associated with suberosis. However, as conventional methods seem to underestimate its presence in occupational environments, the aim of our study was to see whether information obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a molecular-based method, can complement conventional findings and give a better insight into occupational exposure of cork industry workers. We assessed fungal contamination with the P. glabrum complex in three cork manufacturing plants in the outskirts of Lisbon using both conventional and molecular methods. Conventional culturing failed to detect the fungus at six sampling sites in which PCR did detect it. This confirms our assumption that the use of complementing methods can provide information for a more accurate assessment of occupational exposure to the P. glabrum complex in cork industry.
Spin-Hamiltonian Parameters For CrLi
3+ Doped In LiNbO3
Authors: Avram N.M. , Brik M. G. , Avram C. N. , Ciresan M.G. , Andreici E-L.
Published: October 2015

By using crystal field theory, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters [zero-field splitting D, the giromagnetic factors g (g
|| and g
⊥) and the first excited state splitting δ(2
E)] for the CrLi
3+ doped in LiNbO3 have been calculated from the higher-order perturbation formulas. The method used is based on the two-spin-orbit coupling parameter model, in a cluster approach. The g parameters were also calculated as a second derivative of the energy, method implemented into ORCA computer program. The results were discussed and good agreement with experimental data was demonstrated.
Efficient Second Harmonic Generation Of Blue-Violet Light In Noncritical Type-I Phase Matching
Authors: Achim A. , Gheorghe L. , Voicu F.
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of Y1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 (R = Sc or Lu) of good quality have been grown from the melt by the Czochralski pulling method. The chemical compositions of the grown crystals were determined. Type-I noncritical phase matching (NCPM) wavelengths for second harmonic generation (SHG) in Y1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 grown crystals were also determined.
New Results On Consistent Coupling Between BF Models And Dual Linearized Gravity
Authors: Bizdadea C. , Saliu S. O. , Stanciu-Oprean L.
Published: October 2015

Given the recent renewed interest in alternative description of gravity theories in terms of topological BF models (possibly with extra-constraints) as well as in dual formulations of linearized gravity (DFLG), all consistent interactions in D=6 involving an Abelian BF model with a maximal field spectrum and the DFLG via a massless tensor field with the mixed symmetry of the type (3,1) are considered.
Designing Multidimensional Policing Strategy And Organization: Towards A Synthesis Of Professional And Community Police Models
Authors: Suve Priit , Selg Peeter , Sootla Georg
Published: October 2015

In this article we analyse professional police and community policing in view of professionalism, strategy and structures. We aim to find ways for synthesizing these models that are usually seen as incompatible. Unlike many earlier studies of police organizations or strategies, we view strategies in the organization at the corporate, functional and operational levels, and argue that by combining them with functional and divisional principles of structuring, it is possible to place professional strategy at the core of policing, while using the community policing strategy mainly as a component part of the strategy in the framework of divisional organization. This way it is possible to avoid the risk of alienating police from the community and to ensure the successful implementation of corporate strategy through providing professional police units that perform the narrow functions, with quick and adequate information from the community.
Book Reviews: (1) Squatting In Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles; (2) Securitization Of Property Squatting In Europe; (3) Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!; And (4) The Squatters’ Movement In Europe. Commons And Autonomy As Alternatives To Capitalism
Authors: Stramskas Arnoldas , Marcinkevičius Tomas
Published: October 2015

This article contains four book reviews. The reviewed books are: Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles (2013), by Squatting Europe Kollektive; Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe (2013), by Mary Manjikian; Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!, by Stephen Luis Vilaseca; and, The Squatters’ Movement in Europe. Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism (2014), by Squatting Europe Kollektive, edited by Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel Martìnez Lòpez.
Performance Guarantee Mechanism for Multi-Tenancy SaaS Service Based on Kalman Filtering
Authors: Yanpei Liu , Chunlin Li , Zhiyong Yang , Yuxuan Chen , Lijun Xu
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes a special System Architecture for Multi-tenancy SaaS Service (SAMSS), which studies the performance security issues at the business logic layer and data processing layer respectively. The Kalman filtering Admission Control algorithm (KAC) and the Greedy Copy Management algorithm (GCM) are proposed. At the business logic layer, Kalman filtering admission control algorithm is presented. It uses a Kalman filter to conduct the dynamic evaluation for the CPU resource for multi-tenancy SaaS service and reduces the unnecessary performance expenses caused by direct measurement of CPU resources. At the data processing layer, the Greedy Copy Management algorithm (GCM) is presented. It changes the copy placement as a K-partitioning set partitioning problem and adopts a greedy strategy to reduce the number of times for creating a data copy. Finally, the experimental analysis and results prove the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithms proposed.
Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System
Authors: Kowalski Dariusz , Kowalska Beata , Hołota Ewa , Choma Artur
Published: October 2015

Water suppliers can be treated as production companies whose main product is water delivered to their customers. The article presents problems connected with management of such companies in the conditions of secondary contamination in water distribution systems. This phenomenon exists in water networks all over the world. Its’ presence is particularly visible in countries of former communistic block. In the article particular attention was devoted to the issue of water quality correction in the analysed systems. In the case of water distribution systems, former quality correction methods consisted in special treatment of water pumped into the system, flushing and cleaning of water pipes. In both these cases identification of water quality deficiencies resulted in significant water loss. The situation reflects management processes applied in the manufacturing industry of the 1940s. The authors of this paper put forward the concept of three water quality correction methods which would not entail such considerable water loss. The methods in question are intended for different network types. The implementation of proposed solutions could set new standards in management of distribution systems of water providers.
Behaviour Evaluation Scales For Pediatric Dental Patients – Review And Clinical Experience
Authors: Shindova Maria P. , Belcheva Ani B.
Published: October 2015

The present article makes a review of the relevant literature on the scales used in the assessment of behaviour of pediatric dental patients as well as presents the results we have had of using a modified Kurosu Behaviour Evaluation Scale to assess a study sample. The review makes a critical analysis of current evaluation methods and the design of assessment scales. The assessment tools most commonly used in pediatric dentistry are presented in a chronological order from the past to the present. The clinical study we conducted used a modified Behaviour Evaluation Scale developed by Kurosu for the assessment of the behaviour of children. The study showed that during dental treatment of children in the age range of 6 to 12 years the prevailing objective behaviour characteristics in accordance with Kurosu’s behaviour evaluation scale are related to the eyes and the facial expression. The findings from the literature review and the results of our study warrant further studies to develop easy-to-use assessment tools that would enhance the objective assessment of behaviour.
Crystal structure of chlorido-tricarbonyl-bis(2-pyridylmethanone-N,N′)-rhenium(I), C14H8ClN2O4Re
Authors: Mukiza Janvier , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2015

C14H8ClN2O4Re, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.5566(3) Å, b = 8.3079(3) Å, c = 12.0017(6) Å, α = 83.583(1)°, β = 88.746(2)°, γ = 76.915(1)°, V = 729.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0277, wRref(F2) = 0.0801, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 2-((E)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazolium dichloride dihydrate, C16H18Cl2N4O2
Authors: Schoultz Xandri , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2015

C16H18Cl2N4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.8369(3) Å, b = 11.4750(4) Å, c = 8.8258(3) Å, β = 95.958(2)°, V = 890.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0316, wRref(F2) = 0.0941, T = 200 K.
Influence of Nitrogen Application Rate and Meteorological Conditions on β-Glucan Content in Naked and Husked Oat Grain
Authors: Brunava Linda , Vilmane Laila , Zute Sanita
Published: October 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of applied nitrogen fertilizer rate on β-glucan content in oat (Avena sativa L.) grains. The study was carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute from 2011 to 2014. Three nitrogen surface fertiliser treatments (80, 120 and 160 kg·ha-1) were applied on one husked oat (variety 'Lizete') and two naked oat genotypes (breeding lines 'S-156' and '33793'). The content of β-glucan in naked oat genotypes was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the husked genotype. The difference in β-glucan content between the naked breeding lines was not significant (p > 0.05). Significant (p < 0.05) differences in β-glucan content were observed between nitrogen treatments only for husked oat genotype 'Lizete'. Effect of growing season on β-glucan content was significant (p < 0.05) for both (naked and husked) oat genotypes. β-glucan content of naked oat breeding lines ('S-156' and '33793') was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 2011 comparing with 2012 and 2013, due to differences in precipitation during the grain filling period.
Application Of Multiple-Based Methods In Valuation Of Real Estate Development Companies
Authors: Żelazowski Konrad
Published: October 2015

The enterprise's market value is one of the main parameters characterizing the condition of the business entity, its development prospects and market position. It is an important criterion considered by managers and investors. Among the wide group of business valuation methods, multiple-based methods of valuation can be distinguished. Their undeniable advantage is the relative simplicity and speed of carrying out the process of valuation. An important condition for their application is a sufficiently developed and mature capital market.

The aim of the paper is to present the potential of the application of multiple-based methods in the valuation of real estate development companies. The analysis will be conducted on the basis of the experience of the Polish market.
Segmented Capacitance Sensor with Partially Released Inactive Segments
Authors: Lev Jakub , Prošek V. , Novák P. , Kumhála F. , Wohlmuthová M.
Published: October 2015

Material throughput measurement is important for many applications, for example yield maps creation or control of mass flow in stationary lines. Quite perspective can be the capacitive throughput method. Segmented capacitance sensor (SCS) is discussed in this paper. SCS is a compromise between simple capacitive throughput sensors and electrical capacitance tomography sensors. The SCS variant with partially released inactive segments is presented. The mathematical model of SCS was created and verified by measurements. A good correspondence between measured and computed values was found and it can be stated that the proposed mathematical model was verified. During measurement the voltage values on the inactive segments were monitored as well. On the basis of the measurement there was found that these values are significantly influenced by material distribution.
A robust distribution-free test for genetic association studies of quantitative traits
Authors: Kozlitina Julia , Schucany William R.
Published: October 2015

In association studies of quantitative traits, the association of each genetic marker with the trait of interest is typically tested using the
The Importance of cGMP Signaling in Sensory Cilia for Body Size Regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fujiwara Manabi , Hino Takahiro , Miyamoto Ryuta , Inada Hitoshi , Mori Ikue , Koga Makoto , Miyahara Koji , Ohshima Yasumi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: October 2015

The body size of Caenorhabditis elegans is thought to be controlled by sensory inputs because many mutants with sensory cilium structure defects exhibit small body size. The EGL-4 cGMP-dependent protein kinase acts in sensory neurons to reduce body size when animals fail to perceive sensory signals. In addition to body size control, EGL-4 regulates various other behavioral and developmental pathways, including those involved in the regulation of egg laying and chemotaxis behavior. Here we have identified gcy-12, which encodes a receptor-type guanylyl cyclase, as a gene involved in the sensory regulation of body size. Analyses with GFP fusion constructs showed that gcy-12 is expressed in several sensory neurons and localizes to sensory cilia. Genetic analyses indicated that GCY-12 acts upstream of EGL-4 in body size control but does not affect other EGL-4 functions. Our studies indicate that the function of the GCY-12 guanylyl cyclase is to provide cGMP to the EGL-4 cGMP-dependent kinase only for limited tasks including body size regulation. We also found that the PDE-2 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase negatively regulates EGL-4 in controlling body size. Thus, the cGMP level is precisely controlled by GCY-12 and PDE-2 to determine body size through EGL-4, and the defects in the sensory cilium structure may disturb the balanced control of the cGMP level. The large number of guanylyl cyclases encoded in the C. elegans genome suggests that EGL-4 exerts pleiotropic effects by partnering with different guanylyl cyclases for different downstream functions.
Alternative Transposition Generates New Chimeric Genes and Segmental Duplications at the Maize p1 Locus
Authors: Wang Dafang , Yu Chuanhe , Zuo Tao , Zhang Jianbo , Weber David F , Peterson Thomas
Published: October 2015

The maize Ac/Ds transposon family was the first transposable element system identified and characterized by Barbara McClintock. Ac/Ds transposons belong to the hAT family of class II DNA transposons. We and others have shown that Ac/Ds elements can undergo a process of alternative transposition in which the Ac/Ds transposase acts on the termini of two separate, nearby transposons. Because these termini are present in different elements, alternative transposition can generate a variety of genome alterations such as inversions, duplications, deletions, and translocations. Moreover, Ac/Ds elements transpose preferentially into genic regions, suggesting that structural changes arising from alternative transposition may potentially generate chimeric genes at the rearrangement breakpoints. Here we identified and characterized 11 independent cases of gene fusion induced by Ac alternative transposition. In each case, a functional chimeric gene was created by fusion of two linked, paralogous genes; moreover, each event was associated with duplication of the ∼70-kb segment located between the two paralogs. An extant gene in the maize B73 genome that contains an internal duplication apparently generated by an alternative transposition event was also identified. Our study demonstrates that alternative transposition-induced duplications may be a source for spontaneous creation of diverse genome structures and novel genes in maize.
The Effects of Background and Interference Selection on Patterns of Genetic Variation in Subdivided Populations
Authors: Zeng Kai , Corcoran Pádraic
Published: October 2015

It is well known that most new mutations that affect fitness exert deleterious effects and that natural populations are often composed of subpopulations (demes) connected by gene flow. To gain a better understanding of the joint effects of purifying selection and population structure, we focus on a scenario where an ancestral population splits into multiple demes and study neutral diversity patterns in regions linked to selected sites. In the background selection regime of strong selection, we first derive analytic equations for pairwise coalescent times and FST as a function of time after the ancestral population splits into two demes and then construct a flexible coalescent simulator that can generate samples under complex models such as those involving multiple demes or nonconservative migration. We have carried out extensive forward simulations to show that the new methods can accurately predict diversity patterns both in the nonequilibrium phase following the split of the ancestral population and in the equilibrium between mutation, migration, drift, and selection. In the interference selection regime of many tightly linked selected sites, forward simulations provide evidence that neutral diversity patterns obtained from both the nonequilibrium and equilibrium phases may be virtually indistinguishable for models that have identical variance in fitness, but are nonetheless different with respect to the number of selected sites and the strength of purifying selection. This equivalence in neutral diversity patterns suggests that data collected from subdivided populations may have limited power for differentiating among the selective pressures to which closely linked selected sites are subject.
Natural Variations in SLG7 Regulate Grain Shape in Rice
Authors: Zhou Yong , Miao Jun , Gu Haiyong , Peng Xiurong , Leburu Mamotshewa , Yuan Fuhai , Gu Houwen , Gao Yun , Tao Yajun , Zhu Jinyan , Gong Zhiyun , Yi Chuandeng , Gu Minghong , Yang Zefeng , Liang Guohua
Published: October 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa) grain shape, which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), has a strong effect on yield production and quality. However, the molecular basis for grain development remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel QTL, Slender grain on chromosome 7 (SLG7), that is responsible for grain shape, using backcross introgression lines derived from 9311 and Azucena. The SLG7 allele from Azucena produces longer and thinner grains, although it has no influence on grain weight and yield production. SLG7 encodes a protein homologous to LONGIFOLIA 1 and LONGIFOLIA 2, both of which increase organ length in Arabidopsis. SLG7 is constitutively expressed in various tissues in rice, and the SLG7 protein is located in plasma membrane. Morphological and cellular analyses suggested that SLG7 produces slender grains by longitudinally increasing cell length, while transversely decreasing cell width, which is independent from cell division. Our findings show that the functions of SLG7 family members are conserved across monocots and dicots and that the SLG7 allele could be applied in breeding to modify rice grain appearance.
An Ancient Yeast for Young Geneticists: A Primer on theSchizosaccharomyces pombeModel System
Authors: Hoffman Charles S , Wood Valerie , Fantes Peter A
Published: October 2015

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important model organism for the study of eukaryotic molecular and cellular biology. Studies of S. pombe, together with studies of its distant cousin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have led to the discovery of genes involved in fundamental mechanisms of transcription, translation, DNA replication, cell cycle control, and signal transduction, to name but a few processes. However, since the divergence of the two species approximately 350 million years ago, S. pombe appears to have evolved less rapidly than S. cerevisiae so that it retains more characteristics of the common ancient yeast ancestor, causing it to share more features with metazoan cells. This Primer introduces S. pombe by describing the yeast itself, providing a brief description of the origins of fission yeast research, and illustrating some genetic and bioinformatics tools used to study protein function in fission yeast. In addition, a section on some key differences between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae is included for readers with some familiarity with budding yeast research but who may have an interest in developing research projects using S. pombe.
Simple Biophysical Model Predicts Faster Accumulation of Hybrid Incompatibilities in Small Populations Under Stabilizing Selection
Authors: Khatri Bhavin S , Goldstein Richard A
Published: October 2015

Speciation is fundamental to the process of generating the huge diversity of life on Earth. However, we are yet to have a clear understanding of its molecular-genetic basis. Here, we examine a computational model of reproductive isolation that explicitly incorporates a map from genotype to phenotype based on the biophysics of protein–DNA binding. In particular, we model the binding of a protein transcription factor to a DNA binding site and how their independent coevolution, in a stabilizing fitness landscape, of two allopatric lineages leads to incompatibilities. Complementing our previous coarse-grained theoretical results, our simulations give a new prediction for the monomorphic regime of evolution that smaller populations should develop incompatibilities more quickly. This arises as (1) smaller populations have a greater initial drift load, as there are more sequences that bind poorly than well, so fewer substitutions are needed to reach incompatible regions of phenotype space, and (2) slower divergence when the population size is larger than the inverse of discrete differences in fitness. Further, we find longer sequences develop incompatibilities more quickly at small population sizes, but more slowly at large population sizes. The biophysical model thus represents a robust mechanism of rapid reproductive isolation for small populations and large sequences that does not require peak shifts or positive selection. Finally, we show that the growth of DMIs with time is quadratic for small populations, agreeing with Orr’s model, but nonpower law for large populations, with a form consistent with our previous theoretical results.
Identifying Regulators of Morphogenesis Common to Vertebrate Neural Tube Closure andCaenorhabditis elegansGastrulation
Authors: Sullivan-Brown Jessica L , Tandon Panna , Bird Kim E , Dickinson Daniel J , Tintori Sophia C , Heppert Jennifer K , Meserve Joy H , Trogden Kathryn P , Orlowski Sara K , Conlon Frank L , Goldstein Bob
Published: October 2015

Neural tube defects including spina bifida are common and severe congenital disorders. In mice, mutations in more than 200 genes can result in neural tube defects. We hypothesized that this large gene set might include genes whose homologs contribute to morphogenesis in diverse animals. To test this hypothesis, we screened a set of Caenorhabditis elegans homologs for roles in gastrulation, a topologically similar process to vertebrate neural tube closure. Both C. elegans gastrulation and vertebrate neural tube closure involve the internalization of surface cells, requiring tissue-specific gene regulation, actomyosin-driven apical constriction, and establishment and maintenance of adhesions between specific cells. Our screen identified several neural tube defect gene homologs that are required for gastrulation in C. elegans, including the transcription factor sptf-3. Disruption of sptf-3 in C. elegans reduced the expression of early endodermally expressed genes as well as genes expressed in other early cell lineages, establishing sptf-3 as a key contributor to multiple well-studied C. elegans cell fate specification pathways. We also identified members of the actin regulatory WAVE complex (wve-1, gex-2, gex-3, abi-1, and nuo-3a). Disruption of WAVE complex members reduced the narrowing of endodermal cells’ apical surfaces. Although WAVE complex members are expressed broadly in C. elegans, we found that expression of a vertebrate WAVE complex member, nckap1, is enriched in the developing neural tube of Xenopus. We show that nckap1 contributes to neural tube closure in Xenopus. This work identifies in vivo roles for homologs of mammalian neural tube defect genes in two manipulable genetic model systems.
A szárazsó-belégzéssel történő kezelés elméleti alapjai és gyakorlati haszna
Authors: Endre László
Published: October 2015

Dry salt inhalation (halotherapy) reproduces the microclimate of salt caves, with beneficial effect on health. Sodium chloride crystals are disrupted into very small particles (with a diameter less than 3 µm), and this powder is artificially exhaled into the air of a comfortable room (its temperature is between 20–22 °C, and the relative humidity is low). The end-concentration of the salt in the air of the room will be between 10–30 mg/m3. The sick (or healthy) persons spend 30–60 minutes in this room, usually 10–20 times. Due to the greater osmotic pressure the inhaled salt diminishes the oedema of the bronchial mucosa, decreases its inflammation, dissolves the mucus, and makes expectoration easier and faster (expectoration of air pollution and allergens will be faster, too). It inhibits the growth of bacteria and, in some case, kills them. Phagocyte activity is also increased. It has beneficial effect on the well being of the patients, and a relaxation effect on the central nervous system. It can prevent, or at least decrease the frequency of the respiratory tract inflammations. It produces better lung function parameters, diminishes bronchial hyperreactivity, which is the sign of decreasing inflammation. Its beneficial effect is true not only in inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, but also in acute or chronic upper airways inflammations. According to the international literature it has beneficial effect for some chronic dermatological disease, too, such as psoriasis, pyoderma and atopic dermatitis. This treatment (called as Indisó) is available under medical control in Hungary, too. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(41), 1643–1652.
Pajzsmirigygöbök vékonytű-aspirációs citológiai vizsgálata. A Bethesda-rendszer (2008) minőségbiztosítása
Authors: Bak Mihály , Péter Ilona , Nyári Tibor , Simon Péter , Újlaky Mátyás , Boér András , Kásler Miklós
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The methods available for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules include physical examination, imaging, laboratory and fine-needle aspiration cytology tests. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the quality assurance of fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules. Method: Cytology results were rated to 6 categories according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (2008) (I. nondiagnostic; II. benign; III. atypia of undetermined significance; IV. follicular neoplasia; V. suspicious for malignancy; VI. malignant). All cytology reports were compared with the final histology diagnosis. Results: A total of 1384 patient with thyroid nodule underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology. Smears were classified I. inadequate in 214 (15.9%); II. benign 986; III. atypical 56; IV. follicular neoplasm 41; V. suspicious for malignancy 18; VI. malignant 33 cases. Two hundred and twenty seven (16.8%) of the cases were operated and histologically verified. The positive predictive value in the benign category was 98.25% and in the malignant 88.46%. The sensitivity of the follicular neoplasm was 66.67%. Conclusion: The results suggest that fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology has a high diagnostic accuracy. The auditing values of the results meet the proposed threshold values. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(41), 1661–1666.
Antineutrofil citoplazmatikus antitest asszociált vasculitisek korszerű kezelése
Authors: Szabó Melinda Zsuzsanna , Pálfi Patrícia , Bazsó Anna , Poór Gyula , Kiss Emese
Published: October 2015

The authors review the nomenclature of vasculitides and the classification of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitides and present the method of measuring disease activity (Five-factor Score, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score) and its role in defining therapeutical needs. They discuss the treatment algorithm of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitides, present the sometimes equipotential medications used during the induction therapy followed by a maintenance regimen, and outline their usage and possible side-effects that may require medical attention. They point out the importance of plasmapheresis as an adjunctive treatment in some cases, as well as indications and possible outcome of kidney transplantation in therapy-resistant cases. Finally, they review several ongoing clinical studies, as their outcome will probably influence therapeutical opportunities of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitides in the next few years. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(41), 1653–1660.
WHAT THE AIR WAS LIKE UP THERE
Authors: Flint Michael
Published: October 2015

This paper looks at he popular music from overseas which New Zealand audiences were exposed to in the 1960s, the ways in which this music was disseminated, and the influence of this music on what was produced locally. In order to provide this, the paper also outlines some aspects of New Zealand popular musical culture which were influential as mediating elements in the reception of overseas music, including the problem of availability of recordings, and the role radio and, to a lesser extent, television broadcasting played in the dissemination of "foreign" models.
CLIMBING THE ROCK
Authors: Shuker Roy
Published: October 2015

Despite its small scale, the NZ music industry is a useful example of the tensions that exist between the centre and the periphery in the global music industry. It also provides a test case of the validity of cultural imperialism thesis, and illustrates debates over the nature of local and cultural identity vis-a-vis trends towards globalisation in the culture industries
LET'S GO TO FRENZY
Authors: Sheridan Bruce , Hayward Philip
Published: October 2015

This co-authored study draws on my early involvement with television pop as a consumer and my later career, first as a musician and then a music video director and producer. I draw on my professional experience particularly in Section II, in my discussion of three specific music video productions. While my contributions to this study are not therefore 'objective', on either count, the chapter attempts as accurate a survey of the field as possible. All references to actual production experiences here are mine alone (Bruce Sheridan).
NEW URBAN POLYNESIANS
Authors: Mitchell Tony
Published: October 2015

This article shows how Volition, enabled by a global network, nurtured the promotion of another (foreign) local form, New Zealand's Pacific soul/rap scene (centred on South Otara), when New Zealand companies showed a similar reluctance to diversify their musical policies. However, as it goes on to outline, the Pacific and North American influences on this scene have produced a complex cultural-political outcome.
QUESTIONS OF MUSIC COPYRIGHT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Niles Don
Published: October 2015

Niles' article outlines the lack of music copyright in Papua New Guinea, one of the countries still to become a signatory to international copyright conventions. As Niles outlines, the issue of music copyright in a small country such as PNG is complex; and its introduction is not necessarily beneficial to PNG's national music industry.
CITING THE SOUND
Authors: Stahl Geoff
Published: October 2015

Geoff Stahl addresses the manner in which the (associated) fan-base, fanzine and fringe industrial distribution networks in North America foster a shared community of taste which provides the context for the popularisation of NZ indie rock music in the region.
ON THE FLOW
Authors: Maxwell Ian
Published: October 2015

Ian Maxwell offers a theoretical examination of the experience of (live) rapping within the Sydney hip-hop scene, which in turn develops analyses offered by Maxwell and Bambrick in Peifect Beat v2nl.
WHAT’S GOING ON?
Authors: Cloonan Martin
Published: October 2015

Cloonan begins by considering affects of music policy in Australia, in particular, from those people charged with lobbying for and/or implementing policy at both state and federal levels. Such policies have a direct financial imperative in contemporary climates, as Cloonan notes, “recent popular music policy within the advanced western nation-states must be considered as part of broader attempts to use the creative/cultural industries as economic drivers in post-industrial economies”. Such sentiments are widely accepted (see Hesmondhalgh, 2007) but policy developments also show how music matters at local levels, where battles over live music are fiercely contested, identities are formed, and issues of cultural preservation run deep.
BEYOND THE SAKURA WALTZ
Authors: Hurley Andrew
Published: October 2015

Andrew Hurley has written previously for Perfect Beat with an article examining jazz links between Indonesia and Germany (v8n1). The article in this issue explores relationships between jazz in Japan and West Germany, after noting a series of interesting parallels in society and changes experienced in the post-war era in both countries. In examining encounters between jazz musicians from the two countries, and the use of traditional Japanese instruments and styles, important observations are made about cultural resilience and syncretism.
TRANSCIENCE AND DURABILITY
Authors: Hayward Philip , Kuwahara Sueo
Published: October 2015

Hayward and Kuwahara consider a local and very traditional approach to Japanese song forms – shima uta. The authors argue that a distinct local cultural identity has been developed and maintained in a traditional way – not involving fusions and incorporation into more widely disseminated popular music styles. “Surveyed in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, Amami traditional music looks healthy in its local context”. While it may have provided material for fusion into other styles in Japan, the local consumption is very “neo-traditional” and the style plays a critical part in local cultural heritage and identity.
THE MASTERING PROCESS AND THE SYSTEMS MODEL OF CREATIVITY
Authors: McIntyre Philip , Paton Bryan
Published: October 2015

Finally in this issue Phillip McIntyre applies Csikszentmihalyi’s systems model of creativity to the collaborative, multi-contributor aspect of the creation and production of popular music, with a focus on the mastering process. Popular music matters, and here it matters for key personnel involved in its creation, not only as an artform but also a livelihood. Through pivotal interviews with key historical figures in Australia, this article represents an important case study for the history of popular music in Australia and its place in the international industry.
REGULATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
Authors: Panichi David
Published: October 2015

This article is an investigation into the abolition of the PoPE licence in NSW, an investigation which necessarily calls on previous work by Bruce Johnson, Shane Homan and other key figures in the Australian music studies landscape. It also follows on from a growing body of work (including Cloonan’s article in the last issue that is considering the considerable role played by legislation and regulation in the contemporary music industry. Despite this, Panichi points out that in general popular music scholarship has not spent enough time in this area and the intersecting ideas of agency, infrastructure, performance and consumption that emerge in this study reinforce this message.
MELBOURNES BY THE DOZEN
Authors: Encarnacao John
Published: October 2015

John Encarncao provides a poetic examination of music and place in Australia, in reflecting on very specific personal experiences of music that have drawn him a mental map of Melbourne. He is interested in the personal aspects of the construction of place, and shows how personal histories associated with age, experience, and locale affect the process. Encarnacao reinforces how personal and selective these constructions actually are. This in turn reinforces the importance of music in constructing personal histories and understandings of the world, but perhaps questions and plays with the validity of drawing clear conclusions about sound and place.
BRIAN POOLE AND THE TREMELOES OR THE YARDBIRDS
Authors: Stratton Jon
Published: October 2015

In the final article, Jon Stratton explores trends in the charts history in Australia, specifically those in Adelaide and Perth, with a view towards presenting an understanding of the influence of English migrant populations in both centres. Broad links between employment, class and musical taste are drawn, and the very nature of these means it can be difficult to be categorical as to their ultimate veracity. In this sense the article might well be seen as provocative, and we hope it inspires further enquiry with a more ethnographic approach to methodology. This kind of research is difficult without the existence of detailed chart compilations such as those by Ryan (2003, 2007) which are used as the basis for Stratton’s analysis. With a great deal of contemporary industry statistics tied up in proprietary networks to protect commercial advantage, will such studies actually be harder in the future? Does the plethora of unfiltered information in which we wade today provide evidence for an urgent need of modern chart and consumption summaries?
Competências habilitadoras da melhoria contínua: estudo de casos em empresas do setor automobilístico e de bens de capital
Authors: Gonzalez Rodrigo Valio Dominguez , Martins Manoel Fernando
Published: October 2015

Resumo O estado atual da arte sobre melhoria contínua leva em consideração que as competências e comportamentos organizacionais são elementos mais importantes para a condução e sustentabilidade do que os aspectos de ordem técnica. Este conjunto de competências e comportamentos, inicialmente tratados por Bessant e Caffyn na década de 90, considera, essencialmente, que as organizações devem construir um ambiente voltado à aprendizagem contínua. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar o desenvolvimento das competências que sustentam os programas de melhoria contínua em dois ambientes produtivos distintos: setor automobilístico e de bens de capital sob encomenda. A partir de um referencial teórico sobre o tema, é levantado um conjunto de competências que é relacionado à prática da melhoria contínua e, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, são analisadas quatro empresas dos dois setores considerados, utilizando-se uma estratégia de estudo de casos. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as empresas do setor automobilístico pesquisadas apresentam maior nível de envolvimento dos funcionários em relação aos programas de melhoria contínua, quando comparadas às empresas do setor de bens de capital, que se justifica pela estratégia adotada pelas organizações.
Transferência de práticas produtivas entre subsidiárias de Empresas Multinacionais (EMNs) e fornecedores locais: o caso da Sigma
Authors: Araújo Marina da Silva Borges , Duarte Roberto Gonzalez , Castro José Márcio
Published: October 2015

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de transferência de práticas produtivas entre subsidiárias de empresas multinacionais (EMNs) e fornecedores domésticos locais. A literatura sobre transferência de práticas organizacionais discute a questão da implementação de práticas, mas desconsidera a sua internalização (institucionalização) na organização receptora. Tendo como referência o modelo proposto por Kostova (1999), examina-se o caso da Sigma – subsidiária de uma EMN asiática, do setor eletroeletrônico, instalada em Manaus. Os resultados mostram que as práticas produtivas são parcialmente implementadas, mas não são internalizadas. Duas razões concorrem para a não internalização: (i) incompatibilidade cognitiva-normativa entre Sigma e seus fornecedores e (ii) baixo grau de confiança e identificação entre as partes. As principais contribuições deste artigo para a literatura sobre transferência transnacional de práticas organizacionais são: (i) analisar a transferência de práticas para além da díade matriz-subsidiárias; (ii) identificar o papel dos contextos organizacional e relacional para o processo de institucionalização de práticas produtivas pelos fornecedores; e (iii) evidenciar o caráter cultural-cognitivo do processo de transferência interorganizacional de práticas produtivas.