bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Clinical Outcomes of Local versus General Anesthesia Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tsai Sheng-Tzung , Chen Tsung-Ying , Lin Sheng-Huang , Chen Shin-Yuan
Published: January 2019

Background. Studies comparing long-term outcomes between general anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) for STN-DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking. Whether patients who received STN-DBS in GA could get the same benefit without compromising electrophysiological recording is debated. Methods. We compared five-year outcomes for different anesthetic methods (GA vs LA) during STN-DBS for PD. Thirty-six consecutive PD patients with similar preoperative characteristics, including age, disease duration, and severity, underwent the same surgical procedures except the GA (n=22) group with inhalational anesthesia and LA (n=14) with local anesthesia during microelectrode recording and intraoperative macrostimulation test. Surgical outcome evaluations included Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Mini-Mental Status Examinations, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Stimulation parameters and coordinates of STN targeting were also collected. Results. Both groups attained similar benefits in UPDRS part III from STN-DBS (GA 43.2 ± 14.1% vs. LA 46.8 ± 13.8% decrease, p=0.45; DBS on/Med off vs. DBS off/Med off) and no difference in reduction of levodopa equivalent doses (GA 47.56 ± 18.98% vs. LA 51.37 ± 31.73%, p=0.51) at the five-year follow-up. In terms of amplitude, frequency, and pulse width, the stimulation parameters used for DBS were comparable, and the coordinates of preoperative targeting and postoperative electrode tip were similar between two groups. There was no difference in STN recording length as well. Significantly less number of MER tracts in GA was found (p=0.04). Adverse effects were similar in both groups. Conclusions. Our study confirmed that STN localization with microelectrode recording and patient comfort could be achieved based on equal effectiveness and safety of STN-DBS under GA compared with LA.
Extrapontine Myelinolysis following Extreme Hypernatremia and Hyperosmolarity
Authors: Schwade Jan-Niclas , Haftel Lior , Rühe Lars , Endmann Matthias
Published: January 2019

We present a case of a nearly 3-year-old girl who was admitted to hospital due to severe hypernatremia (196 mmol/l). Her medical history included central hypothyreosis and growth hormone deficiency. Rehydration and normalization of sodium was achieved according to guidelines. On the fourth day of hospitalization, the patient developed tremor, ataxia, and rigor. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was performed and (mis)interpreted for meningoencephalitis, with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The patient had extrapontine myelinolysis. The child recovered completely after hospitalization for nearly 2 weeks.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Desogestrel-Loaded Poly(D,L-lactic Acid) Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Hui , Jia Guoyong , Sun Peng , Zhu Liqiao , Chen Jinna , Wan Qiyue , Xiao Lingyun , Liu Xianghong
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the synthesis parameters of desogestrel-polylactic acid nanoparticles (DG-PLA-NPs), optimise the preparation technology, and elucidate the in vitro release characteristics. Considering encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading as the main evaluation indexes, DG-PLA-NPs were prepared using the modified emulsion solvent diffusion method and single factor and orthogonal design tests were performed to investigate the influencing factors and optimise the preparation method. Morphology of the nanoparticles was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), average particle diameter and distribution were determined using dynamic laser particle size analysis, and the EE and drug loading were measured using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the eight factors, the drug-to-material ratio, water-to-organic phase ratio, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration significantly affected the NP EE. In the optimised formulation, the PLA/DG ratio, PVA concentration, and oil-to-water phase ratio were 5, 0.5%, and 5, respectively. The DG-PLA-NPs prepared with the optimised formulation were round or spherical with an average diameter of 209 nm, 79.60% EE, and 6.81% drug loading capacity. The polydispersity index was 0.181, and the zeta potential was −27.37 mV. The in vitro releases of both DG and DG-PLA-NPs conformed to the Weibull equation. The DG-PLA-NPs released desogestrel rapidly in the early stages but slowly at later stages, indicating that compared to DG, the DG-PLA-NPs had obvious sustained-release effects. The DG-PLA-NPs prepared by the modified emulsion solvent diffusion method were small, simple to prepare, and had high drug loading with promising application prospects.
Antimicrobial Efficiency of Essential Oils from Traditional Medicinal Plants of Asir Region, Saudi Arabia, over Drug Resistant Isolates
Authors: Helal Ismail M. , El-Bessoumy Ashraf , Al-Bataineh Erwa , Joseph Martin R. P. , Rajagopalan Prasanna , Chandramoorthy Harish C. , Ben Hadj Ahmed Sami
Published: January 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recurring global problem, which constantly demands new antimicrobial compounds to challenge the resistance. It is well known that essential oils (EOs) have been known for biological activities including antimicrobial properties. In this study, EOs from seven aromatic plants of Asir region of southwestern Saudi Arabia were tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against four drug resistant pathogenic bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli,andStreptococcus typhimurium)and one fungal isolate (Candida albicans). Chemical compositions of EOs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that EOs fromMentha cervina,Ocimum basilicum,andOriganum vulgareproved most active against all isolates with inhibitory zone range between 17 and 45 mm. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.025mg/ml was observed forStaph. aureusandStreptococcus pyogeneswith EO ofOriganum vulgare. All the three EOs showed significant anticandida activity. The results related to EOs fromMentha cervina,Ocimum basilicum,andOriganum vulgaredemonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against drug resistant microorganisms.
Syringomatous Tumour Presenting as Inversion of a Supernumerary Nipple
Authors: Öwall Louise , Mygind Henrik , Rosenborg Åsa , Lænkholm Anne-Vibeke
Published: January 2019

Syringomatous tumour (SyT) is a rare type of benign locally infiltrative tumour with debated origin. Because of the growth pattern, SyT can be mistaken for a malignant tumour, and it is therefore important to keep this diagnosis in mind. This case presents a woman with two supernumerary nipples on each side of the abdomen. One of the nipples was inverted with a small palpable firm mass in close relation to the nipple, leading to referral to the breast surgery department. SyT occurring in a supernumerary nipple and presenting with the symptoms described in this case has to our knowledge never been described previously.
The Late Osteoblast/Preosteocyte Cell Line MLO-A5 Displays Mesenchymal Lineage PlasticityIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Yang Dongqing , Gronthos Stan , Isenmann Sandra , Morris Howard A. , Atkins Gerald J.
Published: January 2019

The process of osteoblast switching to alternative mesenchymal phenotypes is incompletely understood. In this study, we tested the ability of the osteoblast/preosteocyte osteogenic cell line, MLO-A5, to also differentiate into either adipocytes or chondrocytes. MLO-A5 cells expressed a subset of skeletal stem cell markers, including Sca-1, CD44, CD73, CD146, and CD166. Confluent cultures of cells underwent differentiation within 3 days upon the addition of osteogenic medium. The same cultures were capable of undergoing adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation under lineage-appropriate culture conditions, evidenced by lineage-specific gene expression analysis by real-time reverse-transcription-PCR, and by Oil Red O and alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, respectively. Subcutaneous implantation of MLO-A5 cells in a gel foam into NOD SCID mice resulted in a woven bone-like structure containing embedded osteocytes and regions of cartilage-like tissue, which stained positive with both alcian blue (pH 2.5) and safranin O. Together, our findings show that MLO-A5 cells, despite being a strongly osteogenic cell line, exhibit characteristics of skeletal stem cells and display mesenchymal lineage plasticityin vitroandin vivo. These unique characteristics suggest that this cell line is a useful model with which to study aging and disease-related changes to the mesenchymal lineage composition of bone.
Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Lever‐Type Electric Erection System with Varying Loads and Low‐Resolution Encoder
Authors: Niu Hailong , Gao Qinhe , Liu Zhihao , Tang Shengjin , Guan Wenliang
Published: January 2019

The lever‐type electric erection system is a novel kind of erection system and the experimental platform in this paper operates with varying loads and low‐resolution encoder. For high accuracy trajectory tracking, linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is introduced. An approximate model, consisting of the servo system configured at velocity control mode and the lever‐type erection mechanism, is built by means of system identification and curve fitting. Reduced‐order LADRC based on the further simplified model is proposed to improve tracking accuracy and robustness. As comparisons, traditional LADRC and PID with high‐gain tracking differentiator (HGTD) are designed. Simulation and experimental results indicate that reduced‐order LADRC can realize higher trajectory tracking accuracy with low‐resolution encoder and has better robustness to variation in erection loads, compared with traditional LADRC and PID with HGTD.
Unfolding the Role of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Pathogenesis
Authors: Merlinsky Tiffany R. , Levine Ross L. , Pronier Elodie
Published: January 2019

In 2013, two seminal studies identified gain-of-function mutations in the Calreticulin (CALR) gene in a subset of JAK2/MPL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. CALR is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein that normally binds misfolded proteins in the ER and prevents their export to the Golgi and had never previously been reported mutated in cancer or to be associated with hematologic disorders. Further investigation determined that mutated CALR is able to achieve oncogenic transformation primarily through constitutive activation of the MPL–JAK–STAT signaling axis. Here we review our current understanding of the role of CALR mutations in MPN pathogenesis and how these insights can lead to innovative therapeutics approaches.
Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Physiological Proteins
Authors: Sala Arianna , Ardizzoni Andrea , Ciociola Tecla , Magliani Walter , Conti Stefania , Blasi Elisabetta , Cermelli Claudio
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: New antivirals are needed to supplement or replace currently used drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of synthetic peptides derived from physiological proteins. Methods: Vero cell monolayers were infected with herpes simplex virus 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, adenovirus, and coxsackievirus B5 strains in the presence of different concentrations of the selected peptides and viral yield was determined by plaque reduction assays to evaluate the antiviral activity of the peptides. Virucidal activity was evaluated by determining the residual infectivity of viral suspensions treated for 1 h with the peptides at the same concentrations as in the viral yield assays. Results: Among the investigated peptides, the killer peptide proved to exert a considerable antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, attributable to a direct effect on virus particles, while its derivative K10S showed to be effective against the four investigated virus strains only at the highest concentration tested, yet, the inhibitory effects were only partial. Conclusion: Overall, initial evidence is provided on the antiviral activity of several peptides, as well as of their derivatives. Further investigation is warranted to ascertain the mechanism of action in order to develop new potential antiviral drugs.
Slender Stalk with Combined Features of Saccular Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis and Congenital Dermal Sinus in a Neonate
Authors: Tomita Yoshitaka , Morioka Takato , Murakami Nobuya , Noguchi Yushi , Sato Yuka , Suzuki Satoshi O.
Published: January 2019

Limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) and congenital dermal sinus (CDS) originate from incomplete disjunction between the cutaneous and neural ectoderms. Some LDM stalks have been found to have elements of a CDS or dermoid cyst. We surgically treated a saccular lesion in the lumbosacral region of a 7-day-old male neonate. Although fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) failed to reveal a stalk, postnatal MRI including three-dimensional heavily T2-weighted imaging demonstrated a stalk originating from the lumbar cord and extending caudally to enter the lumbosacral meningocele sac. During untethering surgery, we found that the stalk was slender, with a diameter of 0.7–0.8 mm, but otherwise appeared to be a typical LDM stalk. Histopathological examination revealed that the fibrocollagenous stalk contained glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunopositive neuroglial tissues and stratified squamous epithelium. The present report describes the first documented case of a stalk with combined features of saccular LDM and CDS in a neonate. Since cutaneous ectodermal tissue is likely to remain in the remnant stalk, this patient requires careful monitoring to detect the potential development of a dermoid cyst.
The Effect of Preoperative Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio on Predicting Rupture Risk in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies
Authors: Kan Özgür , Gemici Ali , Alkilic Aysegul , Cetindag Elif Nazli , Cakir Caner , Dur Riza , Altay Metin
Published: January 2019

Background: Consecutive measurements of β-hCG levels and sonographic evaluation of adnexae are critical for choosing the optimal management in ampullar tubal ectopic pregnancies (EP). To select suitable patients for conservative approach, there is a need for an affordable and reliable marker for determining rupture risk. Evaluation of systemic inflammatory markers in combination with serum β-hCG levels and ultrasound might help to decide the appropriate treatment option. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in determining the rupture risk in ampullar tubal EPs and to compare with intraoperative findings. Methods: A total of 142 patients who underwent surgery for tubal EP were included. Seventy-two patients were in the intraoperatively diagnosed tubal rupture group and 70 patients without rupture findings were included in the control group. Both groups were compared for inflammation markers, β-hCG levels, and sonographic findings. Results: Both NLR and PLR levels were found to be significantly higher in the tubal rupture group (4.62 ± 3.13 vs. 2.67 ± 1.43, 162.94 ± 63.61 vs. 115.84 ± 41.15, p < 0.01, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis performed for the diagnostic performance of tubal diameter measurement, β-hCG, NLR, and PLR levels were significantly associated with histopathologically confirmed tubal rupture (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Systemic inflammatory markers are feasible and affordable tools for predicting tubal rupture risk in ampullar EPs and might be useful for determining surgery decision especially in low resource settings.
18
F-Sodium Fluoride Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Ambulatory Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Raggi Paolo , Senior Peter , Shahbaz Shima , Kaul Padma , Hung Ryan , Coulden Richard , Yeung Roseanne O. , Abele Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Objective—

Although patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are considered at high risk of cardiovascular events, there is growing evidence that this notion is incorrect. Atherosclerosis imaging may identify patients at risk.

Approach and Results—

We performed coronary atherosclerosis with
18
F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography and gated chest computed tomography for coronary artery calcium in 88 consecutive ambulatory patients with DM on a stable medical regimen. NaF has been shown to localize avidly in culprit lesions of patients with acute coronary syndromes and may identify unstable plaques. NaF activity was measured as target (coronary arteries)-to-background (left ventricular pool) ratio (TBR). High TBR was defined as ≥1.5. The mean age of the cohort was 54±14 years, 55% had type 2 DM, 65% were men, the median HgbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol were 7.5% (interquartile range, 7.1–8.5) and 1.9 mmol/L (interquartile range, 1.5–2.6), respectively. Mean coronary artery calcium score was 374±773, and median TBR was 1.2. Coronary artery TBR ≥1.5 was detected in 13 (15%) patients. In univariable analyses, male sex (
P
=0.0002), estimated glomerular filtration rate (
P
=0.02), and total coronary artery calcium score (
P
=0.04) were associated with TBR. In multivariable analyses, TBR >median was associated with male sex (
P
=0.0001) and statin use (
P
=0.042).

Conclusions—

In ambulatory patients with DM asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of potentially vulnerable plaques detected with NaF was low, but in the absence of follow-up data at this stage, we cannot assess the import of this information. Future research will establish whether NaF imaging helps risk stratify patients with DM.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03530176.
IL (Interleukin)-33 Suppresses Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Enhancing Regulatory T-Cell Expansion and Activity
Authors: Li Jingyong , Xia Ni , Wen Shuang , Li Dan , Lu Yuzhi , Gu Muyang , Tang Tingting , Jiao Jiao , Lv Bingjie , Nie Shaofang , Liao Mengyang , Liao Yuhua , Yang Xiangping , Hu Yu , Shi Guo-Ping , Cheng Xiang
Published: January 2019

Objective—

Inflammation occurs during the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). IL (interleukin)-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple immunomodulatory effects, yet its role in AAA remains unknown.

Approach and Results—

Immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining revealed increased IL-33 expression in adventitia fibroblasts from mouse AAA lesions. Daily intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL-33 or transgenic IL-33 expression ameliorated periaorta CaPO
4
injury- and aortic elastase exposure–induced AAA in mice, as demonstrated by blunted aortic expansion, reduced aortic wall elastica fragmentation, enhanced AAA lesion collagen deposition, attenuated T-cell and macrophage infiltration, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, skewed M2 macrophage polarization, and reduced lesion MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) expression and cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis, immunostaining, and immunoblot analysis showed that exogenous IL-33 increased CD4
+
Foxp3
+
regulatory T cells in spleens, blood, and aortas in periaorta CaPO
4
-treated mice. Yet, ST2 deficiency muted these IL-33 activities. Regulatory T cells from IL-33–treated mice also showed significantly stronger activities in suppressing smooth muscle cell inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression, macrophage MMP expression, and in increasing M2 macrophage polarization than those from vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, IL-33 failed to prevent AAA and lost its beneficial activities in CaPO
4
-treated mice after selective depletion of regulatory T cells.

Conclusions—

Together, this study established a role of IL-33 in protecting mice from AAA formation by enhancing ST2-dependent aortic and systemic regulatory T-cell expansion and their immunosuppressive activities.
Smooth Muscle Contact Drives Endothelial Regeneration by BMPR2-Notch1–Mediated Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes
Authors: Miyagawa Kazuya , Shi Minyi , Chen Pin-I , Hennigs Jan K. , Zhao Zhixin , Wang Mouer , Li Caiyun G. , Saito Toshie , Taylor Shalina , Sa Silin , Cao Aiqin , Wang Lingli , Snyder Michael P. , Rabinovitch Marlene
Published: January 2019

Rationale:

Maintaining endothelial cells (EC) as a monolayer in the vessel wall depends on their metabolic state and gene expression profile, features influenced by contact with neighboring cells such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Failure to regenerate a normal EC monolayer in response to injury can result in occlusive neointima formation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objective:

We investigated the nature and functional importance of contact-dependent communication between SMC and EC to maintain EC integrity.

Methods and Results:

We found that in SMC and EC contact cocultures, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) is required by both cell types to produce collagen IV to activate ILK (integrin-linked kinase). This enzyme directs p-JNK (phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase) to the EC membrane, where it stabilizes presenilin1 and releases N1ICD (Notch1 intracellular domain) to promote EC proliferation. This response is necessary for EC regeneration after carotid artery injury. It is deficient in EC-SMC
Bmpr2
double heterozygous mice in association with reduced collagen IV production, decreased N1ICD, and attenuated EC proliferation, but can be rescued by targeting N1ICD to EC. Deletion of EC-
Notch1
in transgenic mice worsens hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, in association with impaired EC regenerative function associated with loss of precapillary arteries. We further determined that N1ICD maintains EC proliferative capacity by increasing mitochondrial mass and by inducing the phosphofructokinase PFKFB3 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses showed that PFKFB3 is required for citrate-dependent H3K27 acetylation at enhancer sites of genes regulated by the acetyl transferase p300 and by N1ICD or the N1ICD target MYC and necessary for EC proliferation and homeostasis.

Conclusions:

Thus, SMC-EC contact is required for activation of Notch1 by BMPR2, to coordinate metabolism with chromatin remodeling of genes that enable EC regeneration, and to maintain monolayer integrity and vascular homeostasis in response to injury.
Chronic Calmodulin-Kinase II Activation Drives Disease Progression in Mutation-Specific Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lehman Sarah J. , Tal-Grinspan Lauren , Lynn Melissa L. , Strom Joshua , Benitez Grace E. , Anderson Mark E. , Tardiff Jil C.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Although the genetic causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are widely recognized, considerable lag in the development of targeted therapeutics has limited interventions to symptom palliation. This is in part attributable to an incomplete understanding of how point mutations trigger pathogenic remodeling. As a further complication, similar mutations within sarcomeric genes can result in differential disease severity, highlighting the need to understand the mechanism of progression at the molecular level. One pathway commonly linked to HCM progression is calcium homeostasis dysregulation, though how specific mutations disrupt calcium homeostasis remains unclear.

Methods:

To evaluate the effects of early intervention in calcium homeostasis, we used 2 mouse models of sarcomeric HCM (cardiac troponin T R92L and R92W) with differential myocellular calcium dysregulation and disease presentation. Two modes of intervention were tested: inhibition of the autoactivated calcium-dependent kinase (calmodulin kinase II [CaMKII]) via the AC3I peptide and diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel antagonist. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling, and atrial remodeling was monitored via atrial mass. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
ATPase activity was measured as an index of myocellular calcium handling and coupled to its regulation via the phosphorylation status of phospholamban.

Results:

We measured an increase in phosphorylation of CaMKII in R92W animals by 6 months of age, indicating increased autonomous activity of the kinase in these animals. Inhibition of CaMKII led to recovery of diastolic function and partially blunted atrial remodeling in R92W mice. This improved function was coupled to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
ATPase activity in the R92W animals despite reduction of CaMKII activation, likely indicating improvement in myocellular calcium handling. In contrast, inhibition of CaMKII in R92L animals led to worsened myocellular calcium handling, remodeling, and function. Diltiazem-HCl arrested diastolic dysfunction progression in R92W animals only, with no improvement in cardiac remodeling in either genotype.

Conclusions:

We propose a highly specific, mutation-dependent role of activated CaMKII in HCM progression and a precise therapeutic target for clinical management of HCM in selected cohorts. Moreover, the mutation-specific response elicited with diltiazem highlights the necessity to understand mutation-dependent progression at a molecular level to precisely intervene in disease progression.
Major Bleeding Rates in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Single, Dual, or Triple Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: van Rein Nienke , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Lijfering Willem M. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Cannegieter Suzanne C.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Patients with atrial fibrillation generally require anticoagulant therapy and, at times, therapy with additional platelet aggregation inhibitors. Data are scarce on bleeding rates in high-risk groups receiving combination therapy, such as the elderly or patients with a high CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score.

Methods:

We conducted a nationwide cohort study of Danish patients with atrial fibrillation ≥50 years of age. Treatments were ascertained from a prescription database. These included no anticoagulant treatment, and treatment with vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, and combinations of antithrombotic drugs. Incidence rates (IRs) of major bleeding and hazard ratios were estimated overall, and also stratified by treatment modality, age, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score, and comorbidity. Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring hospitalization or causing death.

Results:

We identified 272 315 patients with atrial fibrillation. Median age was 75 years (interquartile range, 67–83) and 47% were women. Over a total follow-up period of 1 373 131 patient-years (PYs), 31 459 major bleeds occurred (IR 2.3/100 PYs; 95% CI, 2.3–2.3/100 PYs). In comparison with vitamin K antagonist monotherapy, adjusted hazard ratios of major bleeding were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06–1.19) for dual antiplatelet therapy, 1.82 (95% CI, 1.76–1.89) for therapy with a vitamin K antagonist and an antiplatelet drug, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.13–1.44) for therapy of a direct oral anticoagulant with an antiplatelet drug, 3.73 (95% CI, 3.23–4.31) for vitamin K antagonist triple therapy, and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.67–3.12) for direct oral anticoagulant triple therapy. Subgroup analyses showed similar patterns. The IR for major bleeding was 10.2/100 PYs among patients receiving triple therapy. Very high major bleeding rates occurred among patients on triple therapy aged >90 years (IR 22.8/100 PYs) or with a CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score >6 (IR 17.6/100 PYs) or with a history of major bleeding (IR 17.5/100 PYs).

Conclusions:

Patients with atrial fibrillation on triple therapy experienced high rates of major bleeding in comparison with patients on dual therapy or monotherapy. The high bleeding rates observed in patients on triple therapy >90 years of age or with a CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score >6 or with a history of a major bleeding warrants careful consideration of such therapy in these patients.
Trends in Statin Use Among US Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease, 1999–2014
Authors: Mefford Matthew T. , Rosenson Robert S. , Deng Luqin , Tanner Rikki M. , Bittner Vera , Safford Monika M. , Coll Blai , Mues Katherine E. , Monda Keri L. , Muntner Paul
Published: January 2019

Background

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines recognize cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus but not chronic kidney disease (
CKD
) as high‐risk conditions warranting statin therapy. Statin use may be lower for adults with
CKD
compared with adults with conditions that have guideline indications for statin use.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999–2002 through 2011–2014 to determine trends in the percentage of
US
adults ≥20 years of age with and without
CKD
taking statins.
CKD
was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73m
2
or albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Statin use was identified through a medication inventory. Between 1999–2002 and 2011–2014, the percentage of adults taking statins increased from 17.6% to 35.7% among those with
CKD
and from 6.8% to 14.7% among those without
CKD
. After multivariable adjustment, adults with
CKD
were not more likely to be taking statins compared with those without
CKD
(prevalence ratio, 1.01; 95% CI] 0.96–1.08). Among adults without a history of cardiovascular disease, those with
CKD
but not diabetes mellitus were less likely to be taking statins compared with those with diabetes mellitus but not
CKD
(prevalence ratio, 0.54; 95%
CI
, 0.44–0.66). Among adults with a history of cardiovascular disease, there was no difference in statin use between those with
CKD
but not diabetes mellitus versus those with diabetes mellitus but not
CKD
(prevalence ratio, 0.95; 95%
CI
, 0.79–1.15).

Conclusions

CKD
does not appear to be a major stimulus for statin use among
US
adults.
Emergent Management of Tandem Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Zaidat Osama O. , Liebeskind David S. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Haussen Diogo C. , Hellinger Frank R. , Jahan Reza , Jumaa Mouhammad A. , Szeder Viktor , Nogueira Raul G. , Jovin Tudor G.
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—

Although intracranial thrombectomy represents the standard treatment approach for anterior circulation tandem occlusions, whether the extracranial lesion requires acute stenting remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate differences in clinical and procedural outcomes related to stenting extracranial lesions in a registry of patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute stroke.

Methods—

Data were analyzed from the STRATIS registry (Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke)—a prospective, nonrandomized study of patients undergoing neurothrombectomy with the Solitaire device. A total of 984 patients treated at 55 sites were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess relationship between outcome and procedural technique.

Results—

Of 147 (14.9%) patients with tandem lesions treated, stenting of the extracranial lesion during thrombectomy was performed in 80 patients and withheld in 67 patients. There were no differences between groups with respect to age, ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score), or intravenous-tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) use. However, the patients in the stenting group had lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (16 versus 17.9;
P
=0.07), shorter onset to arterial puncture time (133.6 versus 163.4 minutes;
P
=0.04), and lower rates of atrial fibrillation (6.3% versus 25.4%) as compared to the nonstenting group. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2 at 90 days) were higher in the stenting group (68.5% versus 42.2%;
P
=0.003) with no difference in mortality or symptomatic hemorrhage. After adjustment for covariates, stenting continued to be associated with superior outcomes.

Conclusions—

Acute stenting of an extracranial carotid stenosis during neurothrombectomy can be achieved with equal safety compared with no stenting. Carotid stenting in the acute phase may lead to better outcomes; this should ideally be confirmed by randomized trials.
Maranta sophiana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: YOSHIDA-ARNS KARLA NORYE , FRAGA FERNANDA RIBEIRO DE MELLO , FREIRE TALVANIS LORENZETTI , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: January 2019

A new species of Maranta (Marantaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. This species belongs to Maranta subg. Maranta and has close affinities with M. linearis, from which it differs in its caulescent habit, absent petiole, pulvinus with deciduous tufts of erect trichomes on the adaxial side, very long inflorescence with many florescences, and longitudinally ridged ovary and capsule.
New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy
Authors: ISAIA MARCO , PANTINI PAOLO
Published: January 2019

In this paper we describe Troglohyphantes lanai n. sp. from Pennine Alps and the unknown female of T. bonzanoi, from Ligurian Alps. Based on the collection of new material and on the examination of the paratypes, T. delmastroi Pesarini, 2001 is proposed as junior synonym of T. iulianae Brignoli, 1971 (new synonymy). We also provide new faunistic and ecological data on the Italian species of Troglohyphantes, focusing mainly on Central Italian Alps. Phenetic species groups previously proposed in literature for the Italian species have been updated in view of recent literature and new findings. Pesarini’s complexes of species are used to map the species distribution in the Italian Alps.
A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
Authors: CARVALHO LEONARDO S. , CANDIANI DAVID F. , Bonaldo Alexandre B. , SUESDEK LINCOLN , SILVA PAULO ROBERTO R.
Published: January 2019

The Brazilian solifuge Mummucia ibirapemussu new species (Solifugae, Mummuciidae) from Serra das Confusões National Park, in the semi-arid Caatinga domain, is herein described, with illustrations and SEM pictures of the main taxonomic characters. Geometrical morphometric analyses were also performed and indicated that this new species can be accurately distinguished from Metacleobis fulvipes regarding the shape of propeltidium.
A new hermit crab species of the genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and additional record of C. foresti McLaughlin
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , YAMADA YUSUKE , SHIRAKAWA NAOKI
Published: January 2019

Two species of the pagurid genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892, C. longior n. sp. and C. foresti McLaughlin, 2002, are reported herein. The new species is described on the basis of a single male specimen collected from a submarine cave at Onna Village, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, at a depth of 30 m. In general morphology, it is most similar to C. inermis de Saint Laurent, 1968, but is readily distinguished from that species by the elongate antennal acicle and the broad carpus of the right cheliped. Examination of newly collected specimens from Japan led us to conclude that C. kasei Osawa & Takeda, 2004 is a junior subjective synonym of C. foresti McLaughlin, 2002. An emended key to the presently recognized species of the genus is provided.
Parapercis randalli, a new sandperch (Pisces: Pinguipedidae) from Southern Taiwan
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: January 2019

Parapercis randalli sp. nov. is described on the basis of four specimens collected in southern Taiwan by angling at a depth of 5–150 m. It differs from its congeners in having five broad reddish brown saddles on the dorsal surface; both jaws and anterior portion of snout reddish orange; a yellow bar with red margin on cheek; a series of 8 red bars below body axis; configuration of spots on head, dorsal and caudal fins; and a combination of morphological characters: three pairs of canine teeth anteriorly in lower jaw; no palatine teeth; vomerine teeth stout, in a single curved row; lateral-line scales 53; margin of preopercle smooth; 4th dorsal spine longest; caudal fin slightly rounded on ventral half, truncate on dorsal half, with a prolonged upper lobe; appressed pelvic fin extends beyond anus. A total of 21 valid pinguipedid species are now recorded from Taiwanese waters.
An annotated list of fish parasites (Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected from Emperors and Emperor Bream (Lethrinidae) in New Caledonia further highlights parasite biodiversity estimates on coral reef fish
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN-LOU , BEVERIDGE IAN , BOXSHALL GEOFFREY A. , BRAY ROD A. , MORAVEC FRANTIŠEK , WHITTINGTON IAN D.
Published: January 2019

Parasites were collected from 17 species of emperors and emperor bream (Lethrinidae) in the waters off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Host-parasite and parasite-hosts lists are provided, with a total of 188 host-parasite combinations (11 per fish species), including 81 identifications at the species level. A total of 52 parasites were identified at the species level, and 40 new host records were found. Results are presented for larval isopods, copepods (16 species), monogeneans (24), digeneans (27), cestodes (11) and nematodes (10). When results were restricted to the four best-sampled fish species for which more than 30 specimens were examined, the number of host-parasite combinations was 22.25 per fish species, and the number of parasite taxa identified at the species level was 9.5 per fish species. From these data, the total number of metazoan parasite species predicted from all lethrinid species of New Caledonia, based on a classification of fish sizes using length in three categories, is 340, i.e. 13 per fish species. A biogeographical comparison with Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) was possible only for a single fish species, Lethrinus miniatus: in a total of 65 host-parasite combinations, only five taxa identified at the species level (three monogeneans and two digeneans) were shared at both localities. Parasite biodiversity in lethrinids was of similar magnitude to that in groupers (Serranidae Epinephelinae) in the same area, and this study confirms a previous prediction of 10 parasite species per coral reef fish species. Although this study required significant sampling and identification, we estimate that only 13% of the parasites of lethrinids are known in New Caledonia.
Phylogeny of Calyptraeotheres Campos, 1990 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) with the description of C. pepeluisi new species from the tropical Mexican Pacific
Authors: CAMPOS ERNESTO , HERNÁNDEZ-ÁVILA IVÁN
Published: January 2019

A reassessment of the adult and larval morphology as well as comparison with published molecular information confirms the monophyly of the genus Calyptraeotheres Campos, 1990, and its relationship with Dissodactylus Smith, 1870, Clypeasterophilus Campos & Griffith, 1990 and Tumidotheres Campos, 1990. Calyptraeotheres pepeluisi new species, is described from Michoacán, Mexico on the basis of a female specimen. The new species is distinguished from the other nominal species of the genus by having a subarcuate carapace with longer setae on its front and anterolateral margin, the eyes are dorsally visible, and a third maxilliped with a 2-segmented palp and a conical propodus.
Key to the genera of Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae: Pterophorinae), with descriptions of two new genera
Authors: ALIPANAH HELEN , SARI ALIREZA , SARAFRAZI ALIMORAD , GIELIS CEES , MANZARI SHAHAB
Published: January 2019

Apoxyptilus, gen. nov., and Pseudoxyptilus, gen. nov., are described and illustrated, with Oxyptilus anthites Meyrick, 1936, and Oxyptilus secutor Meyrick, 1911, as their type-species, respectively. Apoxyptilus anthites (Meyrick), comb. nov., and Pseudoxyptilus secutor (Meyrick), comb. nov., are redescribed. An illustrated key to the genera of the tribe Oxyptilini is provided.
Misconceptions about the ability of researchers to relocate the holotype of the Galapagos pink land iguana through the use of a passive integrated transponder
Authors: FRICK MICHAEL G.
Published: January 2019

Isla Isabela is the largest island in the Galapagos archipelago and hosts three endemic iguanid lizard species (Tzika et al. 2008, Gentile & Snell 2009): Amblyrhynchus cristatus (Bell, 1825), Conolophus subcristatus (Gray, 1831) and Conolophus marthae Gentile & Snell, 2009. The first iguanid listed exists as a marine species and the latter two are restricted to the terrestrial environment. It should be noted, however, that all three species can hybridize and produce viable offspring (Tzika et al. 2008). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the marine iguana A. cristatus as a “threatened” species and the land iguana species C. subcristatus as “vulnerable”. Currently there are no studies that assess the status of the iguana C. marthae, so its status is given as “not evaluated” by the IUCN.
Two new records of uncommon deep-sea perciform fishes from the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: CARVALHO-FILHO ALFREDO , MARCOVALDI GUY , SAMPAIO CLÁUDIO L. S. , PAIVA M. ISABEL G. , DUARTE LUIZ A. G.
Published: January 2019

This is the third in a series of reports describing new or rare records caught with circle hooks, a method only recently being employed in exploratory fishing in Brazilian deep waters. Here we report the presence of one family and two species of perciform fishes new to, or never formerly reported from, Brazilian waters: the longfin escolar, Scombrolabrax heterolepis (Scombrolacidae), and the extremely rare ocean bass Verilus sordidus (Acropomatidae). The specimens were collected in outer shelf and slope areas at depths between 300 and 500 meters. Given the rarity of the species reported herein, we also provide an updated diagnosis for each species. We also discuss the need of adequate reports when new records are added to such a large ocean area as the Southwestern Atlantic.
Eight new species of the genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, southwestern China (Araneae, Clubionidae)
Authors: YU HAO , LI SHUQIANG
Published: January 2019

Eight new species, belonging to four species groups of the genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 are described from both males and females: C. yaoi sp. nov. from the C. apiculata species-group; C. subrama sp. nov. and C. subyaginumai sp. nov. from the C. corticalis species-group; C. quadrata sp. nov., C. subkuu sp. nov. and C. zhengi sp. nov. from the C. hystrix species-group; and C. cheni sp. nov. and C. subquebecana sp. nov. from the C. trivialis species-group. These species are currently known to occur only in Xishuangbanna Rainforest, Yunnan, China.
Argia mauffrayi n. sp. from Ecuador (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: GARRISON ROSSER W. , CABRERA GIOVANNI M. RAMÓN
Published: January 2019

Argia mauffrayi n. sp. (Holotype ♂: ECUADOR, Pichincha Province, San Miguel de Los Bancos Cantón, Recinto Milpe, Milpe Bird Sanctuary, Mirador Uno Trail, 0.0333° N, 78.8661 W, 4 ix 2018, William F. Mauffray leg., in Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre USFQ [ZSFQ]) is described and illustrated and compared with similar species.
Are the Near-Antarctic Easterly Winds Weakening in Response to Enhancement of the Southern Annular Mode?
Authors: Hazel Julia E. , Stewart Andrew L.
Published: January 2019

Previous studies have highlighted the sensitivity of the Southern Ocean circulation to the strengthening, poleward-shifting westerlies, associated with the increasingly positive southern annular mode (SAM). The impacts of the SAM have been hypothesized to weaken momentum input to the ocean from the easterly winds around the Antarctic margins. Using ERA-Interim data, the authors show that the circumpolar-averaged easterly wind stress has not weakened over the past 3–4 decades, and, if anything, has slightly strengthened by around 7%. However, there has been a substantial increase in the seasonality of the easterlies, with a weakening of the easterly winds during austral summer and a strengthening during winter. A similar trend in the seasonality of the easterlies is found in three other reanalysis products that compare favorably with Antarctic meteorological observations. The authors associate the strengthening of the easterly winds during winter with an increase in the pressure gradient between the coast and the pole. Although the trend in the overall easterly wind strength is small, the change in the seasonal cycle may be expected to reduce the shoreward Ekman transport of summer surface waters and also to admit more warm Circumpolar Deep Water to the continental shelf in summer. Changes in the seasonal cycle of the near-coastal winds may also project onto seasonal formation and export of sea ice, fluctuations in the strengths of the Weddell and Ross Gyres, and seasonal export of Antarctic Bottom Water from the continental shelf.
What Does “Good Adjustment” Mean for Chinese International Students? A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Lu Yun , Chui Harold , Zhu Runsheng , Zhao Hongyang , Zhang Yangyang , Liao Jie , Miller Matthew J.
Published: January 2019

In this study, we aimed to provide a rich description of Chinese graduate international students’ ways of coping with adjustment challenges and their subjective appraisal of adjustment. Nine Chinese graduate international students (six women, three men) from different institutions and disciplines reported their perceptions of the broad sociopolitical context, cultural adjustment experiences, and subjective evaluation of adjustment. We analyzed the data using consensual qualitative research method. Findings were summarized into three domains: (a) Perceived Sociopolitical Context, (b) Cultural Adjustment Challenges, and (c) Coping and Adjustment. We found frequent long-standing challenges in social and professional domains. Furthermore, interviewees reported an ongoing evaluative process where they negotiated host culture participation expectations in the context of adjustment challenges to achieve a subjective sense of satisfaction. Our findings have implications for professionals working with Chinese international students to help them mitigate internalized oppression and develop purpose and well-being.
« Nous, maintenant, on veut poursuivre cette occupation de la rue » : les catholiques attestataires entre contre-culture, mission et défense patrimoniale
Authors: Balas Marie , Tricou Josselin
Published: January 2019

The debate about the same sex marriage bill in France has launched a significant sequence of politicization and assertion in the streets for the conservative Catholics. Though mobilization declined after the law was passed, these initiatives still arouse differentiated appropriation of public urban space. Relying on ethnographic work, this article analyses two logics of action emerging complementarily and organizing these post-‘Mariage pour tous’ demonstrations in Paris. In both cases there is a real ‘place-taking/place-making’ at work. Extending the study of recent Catholic mobilizations to the different activists still active after ‘La Manif Pour Tous’ makes it possible to understand how central the issue of drop in status seems in order to analyze these protest repertoires and their evolutionary inscription in the city, especially in the direction of the ‘peripheries’.