bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feature of Surface Waves Generated by Polar Lows
Authors: Cheshm Siyahi Vahid , Kudryavtsev Vladimir , Yurovskaya Maria
Published: March 2022

A parametric wave model developed by Kudryavtsev et al. (2021) is adapted for Arctic conditions, to help simulate surface waves generated by non-stationary and non-uniform wind fields, to study extreme events in the Norwegian and Barents seas. The ERA-5 reanalysis wind field is used as the input parameter. The model equations are solved using method of characteristics and solutions are then presented as hourly fields of wave parameters (significant wave height, SWH, wavelength, and direction) on the regular grid. The satellite altimeter data are used to validate the model results. Model outputs can then be readily compared with all available satellite observations, including Sentinel-3, Altika and CryoSat-2 measurements.

Observations and analysis of model simulations reveal appearance of abnormal high surface waves, resulting from a resonant fetch-enhancement associated to travelling wind fields.  In other words, the generation of waves in the “spiral-shaped” PLs is most likely associated with the generation of waves in the TCs. However, in PLs with a “comma-shape”, the resonance effect occurs when the strong wind zone inside the PL is located in the right sector, where the direction of the wind velocity coincides with the movement of the front. That is, the surface wave group velocity enters in resonance with moving wind field features, leading to abnormal wave development.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The results presented in this work were obtained with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 21-47-00038, State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Education No. 0763-2020-0005 at RSHU, and No. 0555-2021-0004 at MHI RAS.

Reference

Kudryavtsev, V., Yurovskaya M. , Chapron, B., 2021. “2D parametric model for surface wave development in wind field varying in space and time”, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 126.
Three-dimensional physical modelling of subaerial landslide-generated waves and comparison with two-dimensional experiments
Authors: Sabeti Ramtin , Heidarzadeh Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Subaerial landslide-generated waves are among natural hazards that have attracted attention in recent years, in particular after the 2018 Anak Krakatau volcanic tsunami (Indonesia), which left a death toll of over 450. This has increased the application of physical modelling on subaerial landslide tsunamis to cope with the risks of such hazards and to develop knowledge of their generation mechanisms. Physical experiments in two-dimensional flumes are generally more cost-efficient, less time consuming and allow better control on the set-up. As a result, landslide–tsunamis are considerably investigated in 2D rather than in 3D. However, it is important to note that 2D physical modelling of subaerial landslide–tsunamis could be associated with some uncertainties and may slightly overestimate the wave amplitudes. By using 3D physical models, it is possible to investigate wave amplitude attenuations in both radial and angular directions, which would improve the understanding of wave propagation. In this research, we conduct 2D and 3D experiments on subaerial landslide tsunamis. The physical experiments were conducted in a 2.5 m wide, 0.50 m deep and 2.5 m long wave basin at the Brunel University London (UK). The experimental setup included five different slope angles (i.e. 25o,35o,45o,55o and 65o). The solid blocks had four different volumes in a range of 0.5×10-12 km3-3.0×10-12 km3. The generated water waves were measured using six precision capacitance wave gauges located in both near- and far-fields. The 2D and 3D results are compared to quantify the effects of dimensions on the wave amplitudes and attenuations.
High-resolution DOC measurements indicate seasonal differences of the contribution of sub-catchments to DOC export 
Authors: Blaurock Katharina , Gilfedder Benjamin S. , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Peiffer Stefan , Hopp Luisa
Published: March 2022

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important link between the terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycle. With regard to climate change, it is important to quantify DOC export from catchments as accurately as possible.  The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of topography on DOC export during different seasons.

We investigated DOC export in a small, forested headwater catchment in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. From April 2020 until June 2021, we measured in-stream DOC concentrations at a 15 minutes interval at three nested sub-catchments using UV-Vis spectrometry. We compared DOC export between the different seasons (winter, snowmelt, wet early summer, wet autumn) and the different locations (two upper steep sub-catchments, one lower flat catchment).

Our results show that DOC export varied strongly between seasons. Whereas DOC export was only 2.3  – 2.7 kg/day/km2 on average in all sub-catchments during winter, it increased to 15.6 – 28.8 kg/day/km2 during the rainy early summer. Snowmelt also contributed to DOC export with 14.9 – 18.7 kg/day/km2 on average and was therefore almost as important as precipitation events in early summer and autumn. During winter and snowmelt, all sub-catchments contributed proportionally to total DOC export compared to their area. However, during the rainy seasons, the upper sub-catchments gained in relative importance leading to a disproportional contribution to total DOC export.

Our high-resolution data allowed us to obtain detailed quantities of DOC export over a long period covering different hydrological seasons. These numbers can help us to better understand the importance of DOC export during different seasons. Moreover, our results show that DOC export can vary strongly between small sub-catchments due to the importance of different hydrological processes. This finding is especially relevant as the number of drought periods and extreme rain events will increase and therefore not only influence the distribution of DOC export during the year but also have an impact on the contribution of different sub-catchments.
Future glacier lakes in the Swiss Alps: a projection of their evolution
Authors: Farinotti Daniel , Steffen Tim , Huss Matthias , Estermann Rebekka , Hodel Elias
Published: March 2022

With the ongoing, rapid glacier retreat, high-alpine landscapes are poised to change drastically over the coming decades. The newly exposed areas will not only give rise to new environments that can be eventually colonized by plants and organisms, but also to characteristic landforms. Amongst these, future glacier lakes forming in topographical depressions left behind by glacier retreat, have already been in the focus of earlier studies. The interest in these features is given by a number of factors, ranging from the ecological significance of such high-alpine lakes, over the potential hazards posed by such newly emerging water bodies, to their optical appeal in terms of landscape elements.

Here, we add to the existing body of literature dealing with the formation of new glacier lakes, and do so by leveraging both (1) a recently released, measurement-based estimate for the subglacial topography of all glaciers in the Swiss Alps, and (2) the results of a regional-scale glacier evolution model driven by different climate scenarios. Whilst the first point significantly increases the robustness of our projections, the second allows for a first quantification of the timing by which such new glacier lakes are expected to emerge. In this time-dependent analysis, we also include the possibility for newly emerging lakes to disappear again due to re-filling with sediments – a process neglected by studies so far.

Our results indicate that, if glaciers were to disappear entirely from the Swiss Alps, up to 683 new glacier lakes could emerge. These hold the potential of storing up to 1.16 ± 0.16 km3 of water, for a total lake area of 45 ± 9 km2. For a middle-of-the-road climate scenario, we estimate that about 14% of the total volume (i.e. 0.16 ± 0.07 km3) could emerge by 2050. For 2100, the number changes to 57% (0.66 ± 0.17 km3), indicating a substantial increase in the pace by which new lakes will emerge after mid-century. Our first-order assessment of lake re-sedimentation indicates that about 45% of the newly emerging glacier lakes (ca. 260 out of ca. 570) could disappear again before the end of the century, and that between 12 to 20% of the newly emerging lake volume could be lost again due to this process. This suggests that sedimentation processes have to be taken into account when aiming at anticipating how future glacier landscapes will look like.
Energetic electron loss process associating with oblique chorus emissions in the outer radiation belt
Authors: Hsieh Yikai , Omura Yoshiharu
Published: March 2022

Energetic electron acceleration and precipitation in the Earth's outer radiation belt are highly related to whistler mode chorus waves. We perform test particle simulations to investigate electron dynamics interacting with both parallel and oblique chorus emissions at L=4.5. We build up a database of the Green's functions for a large number of electrons interacting with whistler mode chorus emissions. The loss process of electron fluxes interacting with consecutive chorus emissions in the outer radiation belt is traced by applying the convolution integrals of distribution functions and the Green's functions. Oblique chorus emissions lead to more electron precipitation than that led by parallel chorus emissions. By checking the resonance condition and resonant energies at loss cone angle, we find that the nonlinear scattering via cyclotron resonance is the main process that pushes energetic electrons into the loss cone. Electrons are difficult to be scattered into the loss cone directly by Landau resonance, but Landau resonance helps electrons moving toward the loss cone. We propose a 2-step precipitation process for oblique chorus emissions that contributes to more electron loss: (1) During the first chorus emission, the nonlinear trapping of Landau resonance accelerates an electron close to the loss cone. (2) During the second emission, the nonlinear scattering of cyclotron resonance scatters the electron into the loss cone. The combination of Landau resonance and cyclotron resonance by oblique chorus emissions results in a higher precipitation rate than the single cyclotron resonance by purely parallel chorus emissions.
Biosolids Derived DOM Increases Phosphate Adsorption in Mediterranean Soils‏
Authors: freiberg yaniv
Published: March 2022

Contradictory data exists on the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from biosolids on ortho-phosphate (IP) binding to soils constituents. On the one hand, DOM contain carboxylic acid and phenolic groups who compete with IP on common adsorption sites. On the other, biosolids addition was reported to increase the adsorption capacities of some soils. This study aims to investigate the effect of DOM extracted from compost sewage sludge (most of which smaller then 1kDa) on the Langmuir sorption capacity and affinity of IP to five soils encompassing a wide range of mechanical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. It's important to note that the dominant cation in the used soils is Ca2+. Sorption experiments were conducted using two different solutions (10mM NaCl and 5mM CaCl2) with and without DOM (810 mg OC kg-1). Without DOM, in all of the montmorillonitic soils, the obtained IP adsorption capacities were higher in the 5mM CaCl2 than in 10mM NaCl solutions, with no effect on kaolinitic soils. While DOM addition to 10mM NaCl solution increased the IP adsorption capacities by 9 to 94%, in 5mM CaCl2 no effect has been observed. In 10mM NaCl, increased adsorption capacities were accompanied by a significant decrease in the adsorption affinities.

Our results show that both Ca2+ and DOM can affect IP sorption parameters of montmorillonite-dominated soil. In such soils, when the ionic strength is higher than the flocculation value of the clays, and the pH is higher than the clays' point of zero charge, face-to-face interactions lead to tactoids formation. Thus, reducing the spillover effect, and increasing the amount of free sorption sites on the clays' broken edges (as observed in the case of 5mM CaCl2 without DOM). Furthermore, when DOM is added to montmorillonite-dominated soil, it can complex with the clay's negative planer surfaces through a multitude of reactions (in our case, mostly with Ca2+ bridging) and adsorb IP. Thus, increasing the overall adsorption capacity while reducing the affinity. Both clay flocculation and complexation processes occur concomitantly. In kaolinite, isomorphic substitutions and conformational changes rarely occur. Hence, Ca2+ addition will not foster tactoid formation or DOM complexation. To conclude, DOM effect on IP sorption is not straight forward and depended on the soil and biosolids used, and the overall affect is the equilibrium of multiply reactions the occur simultaneously.
AgroC model for carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils and plant organs across different fertilization levels
Authors: Bajracharya Rajina , Weihermüller Lutz , Herbst Michael , Vereecken Harry
Published: March 2022

An understanding of the impact of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on soil fertility and crop production is needed to develop sustainable farming practices. In conjunction with experimental data, simulation models provide insights into how agricultural systems function under various environmental conditions and can provide efficient interpretation of data. An important step in modelling simulations is to calibrate the model parameters for robust predictions as they are sensitive to location or cultivar and cannot be measured. Unfortunately, most crop or agroecosystem model calibrations are performed on temporal or spatial data that is sparsely resolved.

In this study, AgroC model was used to simulate soil hydraulics, crop biometrics, and the nitrogen fluxes in agricultural field trials with the aim to test the model efficacy after nitrogen cycle module was integrated in. Two high quality datasets covering the essential measurement variables were used for testing the model: a 4-year high-resolution lysimeter data from Dedelow and yearly data from suction cups and SoilNet sensors in Campus Klein Altendorf (CKA), both collected in Germany. These data are collected at high temporal resolution, with multi-site characteristics that focus on eroded soils and nitrogen leaching to the deep zone. Among other soil and hydrological state variables, the data in Dedelow specializes in flux measurements (e.g., evapotranspiration, precipitation, drainage) while the data in CKA specializes on carbon and nitrogen content of soil and plant organs at a bi-weeekly interval.
Landslide susceptibility assessment in rocky coast subsystem of Essaouira coastal area – Morocco
Authors: Khouz Abdellah , Trindade Jorge , Oliveira Sérgio , El Bchari Fatima , Bougadir Blaid , Garcia Ricardo , Jadoud Mourad
Published: March 2022

Abstract. During the last few decades, many researchers have produced landslide susceptibility maps using different techniques and models including the information value method, which qualified as a wide applied statistical model in several coastal environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility for the occurrence of landslides in Essaouira coastal area using this bivariate statistical method. In this coastal area were identified, inventoried and mapped 588 landslides, of different types, mostly from the observation and interpretation of different data sources, namely high-resolution satellite images, aerial photographs, topographic maps, and extensive field surveys. The rocky coastal system of Essaouira is located in the middle part of Morocco Atlantic coastal area. The study area was split into 1534 cliff terrain units of 50 m width. For training and validation purposes the landslide inventory was divided into two independent groups: training (70 %) and for validating (30 %). Twenty-two layers of landslide-conditioning factors were prepared, including: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, cliff height, topographic wetness index, topographic position index, slope over area ratio, solar radiation, presence of faulting, lithological units, toe lithology, presence and type of cliff toe protection, layer tilt, rainfall, streams, land-use patterns, NDVI, lithological material grain size, and presence of springs. The statistical relationship between the conditioning factors and the different types of landslides were calculated using the bivariate information value method, in a pixel and in elementary terrain units base model. Validation of the coastal landside susceptibility maps was done using the landslide training group partitions. The ROC curves and Area Under the Curve were used to assess the accuracy and prediction capacity of the different coastal landslide susceptibility models. Two methodologies were adopted to evaluate coastal landslide susceptibility, one considering a pixel base approach and another one using coastal terrain units. The resulted coastal landslide susceptibility maps allowed classifying 38 % of the rocky coast subsystem with high susceptibility to landslides, being the majority of these high susceptible areas located in the southern part of the Essaouira coastal area. Those susceptibility maps would be useful for general planned development activities in the future as well as for environmental protection.
INFLUENCE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AND EAST ATLANTIC PATTERN ON WIND STRESS CURL OVER THE BLACK SEA
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, AVER’YANOVA E. A. , GUBAREV A. V. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, POLONSKII A. B. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: March 2022

The influence of two climate modes (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic pattern (EA)) on the wind stress curl (WSC) over the Black Sea, which determines the intensity of water circulation, is investigated using the MERRA2 reanalysis wind data and NAO and EA indices for 1980-2019. The composite method taking into account the nonstationarity of the time series of the NAO and EA indices is used. It is shown that in some months of the summer-autumn period during the positive phase of NAO, there is a significant increase in the cyclonic WSC over the eastern part of the sea. The highest influence of the EA on the WSC over the Black Sea is observed in November to April: during the negative EA phase, the cyclonic WSC increases over most of the Black Sea area. Such increase should lead to an intensification of the Black Sea water circulation. It is confirmed that the EA has a greater effect on the WSC over the Black Sea than the NAO.
OPERATIONAL FORECASTING OF SHORT-TERM CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF THE SEA OF AZOV WITH SEASONAL CORRECTION BASED ON COASTAL STATION OBSERVATIONS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, POPOV S. K.
Published: March 2022

Short-range forecasts of variations in the level of the Sea of Azov with a lead time of 48 hours are computed with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (a grid spacing is 0.5 nautical miles) twice a day at 00:00 and 12:00 using wind speed and air pressure fields on the sea surface from the COSMO model (a grid spacing is 7 km). To eliminate differences between the sea-level simulations and observations, a correction is introduced, that is defined as a difference in the mean level of the Sea of Azov according to observations at coastal stations and model simulations. After introducing the correction of the mean level of the Sea of Azov in the automatic mode, the operational model simulates not only surges but also seasonal sea level variations, for example, a gradual sea level drop in May-December 2020.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF ICE HUMMOCK EVOLUTION
Authors:   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, ANDREEV O. M.
Published: March 2022

The developed two-dimensional thermodynamic model of the annual cycle of the ice hummock evolution is presented. Within the framework of the model, test calculations of the evolution of a small ice hummock are carried out for natural conditions of the Kara Sea. The results of freezing calculations demonstrate an influence of the asymmetry of morphometric parameters of the ice hummock and the uneven occurrence of snow layers on the consolidated layer. The results of the ice hummock melting calculations demonstrated an effect of smoothing the sail and the keel of the hummock. All presented calculation results do not contradict field observations.
USING THE HBV CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGY MODEL TO ANALYZE FLOODS IN SMALL CATCHMENTS
Authors:   Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUPAKOV S. YU. , BUGAETS A. N. ,   Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Based on data of special observations at the former Primorskaya water balance station, the ratio of surface, subsurface, and ground components of rain floods is considered. The widely known HBV conceptual hydrological model is used as a methodological basis of the study. The runoff simulation quality for all stations is assessed as good and satisfactory based on the common statistical metrics. It is shown that the dynamics of the model runoff components is similar to a priori knowledge about the functioning of small catchments. The range of runoff values at the outlet related to the change in the dominant runoff generation type is estimated. An impact of soil cover and relief on the separation of runoff components is noted. The details of the flood formation in the study region are discussed.
Case of Methylmercury Poisoning
Authors: Wunder Meaghan , Bhati Piali
Published: March 2022

Since the early 1960’s the Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek in Northern Ontario have been living with the consequences of chronic methylmercury poisoning.  From 1962 to 1970, mercury waste was dumped into the English-Wabigoon river upstream from Grassy Narrows First Nation, contaminating the water and the fish within.  In 1970, inappropriate mercury disposal was ceased, commercial fishing was prohibited, and individuals were advised not to consume fish from the river.  These restrictions and their consequences profoundly affected the economic, cultural and medical wellbeing of the Asubpeechoseewagong people.  Methylmercury poisoning, coined Minamata disease in Japan, has been one medical consequence of this pollution.  Minamata disease describes irreversible damage to the central nervous system as a result of methylmercury poisoning, including lesions in the cerebellum, anterior calcarine cortex, and surrounding the central sulcus.  Individuals commonly experience somatosensory disturbances and distal paresthesia, cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria, and visual field constriction.  This case report will describe a young Asubpeechoseewagong person suffering the early consequences of methylmercury poisoning.  Subsequently, the history of Minamata disease in Ontario, the pathophysiology of methylmercury poisoning, and investigations and management will be discussed.  It is important to note that the story of this case is not a historical perspective.  The Grassy Narrows First Nation continue to live with the results of this profound environmental injustice.  In the words of Chief Simon Fobister, “we must not deny another generation of our children a bright future by refusing to clean our river.”
El suelo agrícola, una perspectiva histórica de su degradación y la oportunidad de contribuir a la mitigación del cambio climático
Authors: Marqués María José
Published: March 2022

Los suelos agrícolas han perdido carbono orgánico (CO), afectando a su productividad. Garantizar la alimentación de una población creciente y afrontar el reto del cambio climático nos obliga a mejorar las condiciones del suelo; una vía es recuperar ese CO perdido. Este artículo expone brevemente la evolución del concepto de degradación del suelo a nivel global hasta la concepción actual de recurso natural que suministra bienes y servicios. Uno de ellos es la capacidad de secuestro de C, que puede aumentarse gracias a manejos sostenibles; por ejemplo, reduciendo el laboreo, podemos aumentar 0,4 t C/hectárea anualmente. Esto es vital para nuestro país, cuyas tasas de almacenamiento de CO en el suelo son las menores de Europa.
المنهجية المقاصدية
Authors: الظاهر معتز
Published: March 2022

تحاول هذه القراءة للمنهجية المقاصدية ككتاب وليس كمشروع فهمَ الأسس الرئيسية التي تقوم عليها المنهجية، وما هي الأدوات المعرفية التي تستخدمها، وأهم التحديات التي ما تزال المنهجية لا تجيب عن أسئلتها، وبماذا تفترق عن غيرها من المقاربات المقاصدية المعاصرة، أو القراءات الحداثية للمقاصد. كما تحاول هذه القراءة أيضًا تقديم نظرة استشرافية لأهم الخطوات التي يجدر بالمنهجية تبنّيها، وكيف يمكنها الموازنة بين سؤال تقييم التراث وتجديده وتعاطي المنهجية مع مسائله تحليلًا أو نقدًا، اتفاقًا أو اختلافًا، وسؤالِ الواقع وكيف تشتبك فيه المنهجية مع القضايا المعاصرة، وهل من شأنها أن تقدّم حلولًا جذرية، وهل يمكن لها أن تفتح أفقًا جديدًا في التفكير المقاصدي.
فهم السياسة العامة في الإسلام
Authors: عبد الغفار بسمة
Published: March 2022

تعرض هذه الورقة نموذجًا جديدًا للسياسة العامة في الإسلام، وتتألف هذه السياسة من أربعة عناصر: التوحيد، والمقاصد، والشورى، والإصلاح. وتؤكد الورقة أن هذه العناصر الأربعة المميزة للسياسة العامة في الإسلام تُقدم بديلًا أفضل للأيديولوجيا الليبرالية الجديدة التي تُقيِّد السياسات العامة في الوقت الراهن، خاصةً على المستوى العالمي. وتكشف الورقة عن أهمية الوحي في تحديد مقاصد السياسات والحكم، كما تتسم الورقة بقدر كافٍ من الانفتاح والمرونة حتى تُناسب سياقات متنوعة وتتصدى لقضايا مُتغيرة ومُعقدة.
The Role of Family and Family Context in the Learning Process of Children
Authors: Mohammed Peshawa , Engler Agnes
Published: March 2022

The family is regarded as the essential institution since it is the first place where young children are acculturated, learn values, and develop a sense of belonging. Childhood plays a significant role in determining a person's life path. For most people, their parents are their most important teachers. Even after childhood, family ties continue to have a significant educational impact. People engage in family education not only as children but also as parents and grandparents. The family is the first significant educational institution in the context of other community groups. Thus, the context of family influences the education and learning process of children directly and indirectly. This article concentrates on how family context may affect the learning process of family members. It also explains how the family socio-economic status role in shaping children's learning process, and the way relationship between parent-school and family members within family institution affects schooling.
NEGOSIASI DAN KONTESTASI LAYANAN KONSELING ONLINE ATAU OFFLINE DI ERA MEDIA BARU
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: March 2022

Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang bentuk negosiasi dan kontestasi layanan konseling online era media baru. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam melihat fenomena ini yakni menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontestasi layanan konseling online salaing berjalan beriringan tanpa ada yang saling melemahkan, sebab kedua layanan konseling secara online dan offline masing-masing memiliki kelemahan dan kelebihan. Untuk menguatkan keberadaan konseling online media baru, selalu melakukan inovasi baru dengan tampilan layanan konseling yang pleksibel dan berbeda dengan layanan konseling secara tatap muka yang butuh tahapan. Penyedia layanan konseling melakukan sejumlah negosiasi konseling kepada klien yang ingin mencari layanan konseling secara cepat. Negosiasi dilakukan melalui berbagai tampilan berupa proses konseling yang cepat dan tak butuh lama. Begitupun halnya dengan konseling secara offline yang masing-masing menonjolkan kelemahan dan kelebihannya agar dapat mengambil kepeercayaan klien untuk memilih layanan konseling yang dianggap baik.
Assessment of trends of change in the personnel situation in the primary health link of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Kazantseva A. V. , Naboychenko E. S. , Muratova A. A. , Taskina E. K.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Physicians are the most significant part of the professional resources of health care, and their shortage will affect the availability of medical care to the population.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the staffing of primary care physicians and the reserve of its formation on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the provision of physicians with therapists and pediatricians according to the official statistical reporting for 2010-2019 in the Sverdlovsk region was carried out, a comparison was made with neighboring regions and indicators for the Russian Federation; an analysis of the formation of personnel reserves in these regions was carried out based on the results of admission companies for the period 2018/19-2020/21 academic years.

Results. In the dynamics for the study period in the Sverdlovsk region, the level of provision with district therapists increased by 2.6% from 1.54 to 1.58 per 10,000 adult population, however, the absolute number of physical persons of doctors decreased by 19.2%, the provision of district doctors with pediatricians decreased by 23.7% (p<0.05) – from 7.14 to 5.45 per 10,000 child population. Provision indicators in the region were consistently below the average for the Russian Federation and the Urals Federal District. In order to form a talent pool, there is an increase in the control figures for admission to medical universities in the areas of training «General Medicine» and «Pediatrics», as well as an increase in the share of the target admission quota by reducing budget places on a general basis.

Discussion. At the federal and regional levels, various programs of material incentives for young specialists have been adopted, but in the Sverdlovsk region these measures did not significantly affect the attraction of personnel reserves. Conclusions. It is necessary to continue the implementation of existing measures, as well as interagency cooperation in the development of further measures aimed at improving the availability of medical care for the population of the region.
Ischemic stroke in the debut of coronavirus infection
Authors: Nadezhdina M. V. , Prokhorova T. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The risk of ischemic stroke (IS) on the background of COVID-19 is about 5% and is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus infection (CVI).

The aim of the study was to identify risk factors and clinical features of IS in a debut of CVI in neurological inpatients.

Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of the neurological status, clinical, biochemical parameters, ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic vessels, computed tomography (CT) of the brain and the lungs was performed in 15 patients in the acute period of IS with a later detected PCR SARS-Cov-2.

Results. The average age of patients is 70.3±7 years. Risk factors for IS in the debut of CVI: stenosis of 30-50% of the internal carotid artery (ICA), arterial hypertension in 100%; dyslipidemia in 86.7%; type 2 diabetes mellitus in 46.7%; coronary heart disease in a third of cases. Lung damage according to CT did not exceed 50%. There is no clear correlation between IS severity, its localization and degree of respiratory failure. The localization of IS corresponded to the side of ICA stenosis. The young patient had signs of antiphospholipid syndrome, extravasal compression of both vertebral arteries, hypoplasia of the posterior connective artery corresponding to the focus of extensive infarction in the middle cerebral artery basin.

Discussion. A feature of the debut of CVI in the acute period of IS was the absence of subfebrility in the presence of increased CRP, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and a more than 3-fold increase in D-dimer, indicating early activation of platelet-vascular hemostas. The fact of the development of IS according to the side of the stenotic vessel is explained by the manifestation of latent organic pathology under the influence of CVI, thanks to the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for the ACE2 receptors present in the vascular endothelium.

Conclusion. In connection with the present epidemiological situation, the fact of the onset of IS in CVI without hyperthermia suggests an early PCR test with subsequent adequate treatment of CVI in a specialized institution together with neurologists.
Clinical case of a patient at risk of perioperative recurrence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Volkov E. V. , Batchaeva L. H. , Phisher V. V. , Chernysheva S. G.
Published: March 2022

Introduction.Takotsubo syndrome is a new nosological form of acquired cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction in response to physical or psychoemotional stress, clinically and electrocardiographically resembling acute coronary syndrome. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a form of stress cardiomyopathy simulating acute myocardial infarction with electrocardiographic and biochemical changes. Despite a large number of publications, there is no definitive understanding of the etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment, as well as measures to prevent the development of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. With the manifestation of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the perioperative period, the clinical picture may be even less specific, which inevitably leads to diagnostic difficulties. Given that the main trigger of the disease is stress, the development of this disease is an urgent problem of anesthesiology and intensive care. In addition, there is a problem of managing patients with a history of takotsubo cardiopathy, if they need surgical interventions.

The aim of the workwas to prove the effectiveness of a number of approaches (premedication with the use of barbiturates and α2-adrenoceptor agonists; monitoring the depth of anesthesia; administration of narcotic analgesics in continuous infusion; use of local anesthetics for skin anesthesia; multimodal anesthesia in the postoperative period) to the perioperative management of patients with a high risk of CT recurrence.

Materials and method.We present a clinical case demonstrating the possible tactics of perioperative management of a patient with a history of CT that manifested during anesthesia when a follow-up benefit was needed. The clinical picture is described, the results of instrumental and laboratory investigations indicating a correct CT diagnosis are presented.

Results.An individual strategy for perioperative management of the patient was developed and implemented, which made it possible to avoid a CT recurrence. Discussion. The etiopathogenesis of the disease and analysis of the few literature sources on the topic allow us to propose a number of approaches to the perioperative management of patients at risk of recurrence of CT.

Conclusions.A number of approaches (premedication with barbiturates and α 2-adrenoceptor agonists; anesthesia depth monitoring; administration of narcotic analgesics in continuous infusion mode; use of local anesthetics for skin anesthesia; multimodal anesthesia in the postoperative period) to perioperative management of patients with high risk of CT recurrence were demonstrated to be successful.
Analysis of treatment outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shishkina G. A. , Topuzov E. G. , Petryashev A. V. , Erokhina E. A. , Plotnikov U. V. , Serkova O. P. , Kravchenko M. B. , Isaev S. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has made adjustments to the health care system. Among other things, it has led to shortened hospital stays. In the surgical treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the possibility of reducing the bed-day is limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of treatment of CRC patients during and before the pandemic new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of patients with CRC who were treated at the Oppel Hospital Surgery Clinic in 2015 and 2020. Group A included 58 patients treated in 2020, Group B included 44 patients treated in 2015. Patients with stage II disease predominated in both groups: in group A — 31 patients (53.4%), in group B — 19 (43.2%). Results. The average period of hospitalization in the patients of the group A was 12 days, in the group B — 16 days in the patients with uncomplicated postoperative period, in case of complications — 31 days. In group    B 47.7% of surgical interventions were performed using laparoscopic techniques, in group A this index was 74.1%. In Group A complications in the early postoperative period were detected in 8 patients (13.8%). In group B complications were diagnosed in 10 patients (22.7%). The incidence of anastomosis failure tended to decrease in group A. In group B six patients (85.7%) who developed this complication required repeated surgical treatment, and in group A only two patients (50%). Discussion. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the recommendations for perioperative management of patients with CRC and prevention of anastomosis failure. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, we can say that the quality of surgical care for patients with CRC was avoided during the pandemic. The implementation of research recommendations in this area has helped to reduce the incidence of serious postoperative complications (anastomosis failure).
PERSEPSI WISATAWAN TERHADAP MAKANAN BERBAHAN DASAR SINGKONG BERACUN (ENBAL) PADA DESTINASI WISATA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Ubjaan Jusak , Wokanubuna Paulina
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan persepsi wisatawan terhadap enbal sebagai pangan lokal dan oleh-oleh khas daerah yang berbahan dasar singkong beracun di Kabupaten Maluku tenggara, Provinsi Maluku.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data kuesioner yang dianalisis berdasarkan skala Likert. Untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik dari variabel maka digunakan analisis univariat dengan bantuan tabulasi frekuensi.  Jenis populasi adalah infinit population yakni wisatawan domestik yang datang selama bulan November – Desember Tahun 2020 di destinasi wisata kabupaten Mluku Tenggara dan kota Tual.  Sementara penentuan ukuran sampel menggunakan rumus Lemeshow yang hasilnya sebesar 73 responden.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan persepsi wisatawan terhadap “kualitas makanan” khususnya enbal sebagai pangan lokal dan oleh-oleh khas daerah Kabupaten Maluku tenggara mencapai nilai mean 4,1 atau kategori baik.  Demikian juga persepsi wisatawan terhadap “keamanan pangan” khususnya enbal sebagai pangan berbahan dasar singkong beracun, dimana hasil analisis menunjukkan persepsi responden berada pada nilai mean 4,24 atau kategori baik.  Umumnya responden berpendapat bahwa enbal sebagai makanan lokal yang telah dikonsumsi secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat Kepulauan Kei, kabupaten Maluku Tenggara dan Kota Tual telah diolah dengan baik sehingga gurih dan aman dikonsumsi.
MODEL KREATIVITAS DAN INOVASI INDUSTRI KREATIF CUSTOM CULTURE KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Phradiansah Phradiansah , Jamaluddin Indar Ismail
Published: March 2022

Industri kreatif saat ini dituntut untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif didalam persaingan bisnis tidak terkecuali industri kreatif bengkel modifikasi Custom Culture. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian mengenai tinjauan kreativitas dan inovasi yang di terapkan pada industri kreatif bengkel modifikasi Custom Culture yang ada di Kota Kendari baik kreativitas dan inovasi proses, maupun kreativitas dan inovasi produk. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah mix method dengan pendekatan komparatif. Pemilihan terhadap jenis penelitian ini didasari keinginan memahami kreativitas dan inovasi apa yang dilakukan pada objek atau subjek penelitian. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada dua industri kreatif bengkel modifikasi Custom Culture di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yakni yang pertama, bengkel modifikasi ARIL MOTOR PAINT dan yang kedua, BENGKEL CAFFE, Custom Culture modification dan Kafe yang juga menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini. Tehnik penarikan informan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Adapun informan dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 yakni, 1. Owner 2. Mekanik dan selanjutnya untuk responden penelitian ini adalah Konsumen pengguna jasa bengkel modifikasi tersebut dengan tahapan pertama melakukan observasi awal penelitian, pengambilan data wawancara, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi guna mendukung kelengkapan data. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Aril Motor Paint dan bengkel kaffe merupakan industri kreatif Custom Culture yang bergerak di bidang modifikasi kendaraan roda dua yang sudah melaksanakan kegiatan kreatif dan inovatif yang baik. Industri kreatif Custom Culture di Kota Kendari merupakan industri yang memiliki karakter tersendiri dalam penciptaaan kreativitas sehingga dapat membentuk sebuah model kreativitas mereka sendiri baik secara proses maupun produk. Inovasi yang dilakukan juga sudah dilakukan yang terbagi dalam inovasi proses dan produk. Dalam hal kepuasan pelanggan penelitian ini menemukan bahwa berada pada kategori puas sehingga industri kreatif ini dianggap layak untuk terus dijalankan.
STRATEGI BERTAHAN UMKM KULINER RUMAH MAKAN BATAK DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19 SKALA KECAMATAN SIANTAR SITALASARI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Saragih Liharman , Damanik Elfina O.P. , Girsang Jefri Frans Boy
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis atau mengetahui strategi yang dilakukan oleh UMKM Kuliner Rumah Makan Batak di Kecamatan Siantar Sitalasari Kota Pematangsiantar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan Prosedur Wawancara dengan teknik mengumpulkan data/merangkum data, editing, organizing, dan finding dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 responden UMKM Kuliner Rumah Makan Batak yang ada di Kecamatan Siantar Sitalasari Kota Pematangsiantar. Strategi bertahan UMKM Rumah Makan Batak yaitu melakukan Pemasaran dengan digital, Memperkuat Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), Melakukan Inovasi Kreatif dan Peningkatan Pelayanan Pada Konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa strategi yang banyak digunakan UMKM Rumah Makan Batak untuk meningkatkan penjualan di masa pandemic covid 19 yaitu strategi melakukan inovasi kreatif dan peningkatan pelayanan pada konsumen, strategi melakukan inovasi kreatif dan peningkatan pelayanan pada konsumen banyak di gunakan oleh UMKM rumah makan batak di karenakan sifatnya umum dan mudah di lakukan pada setiap rumah makan batak.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL DISTRESS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA SUB SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PADA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Hala Yusriadi , Hikma Nur , Aisa Zul , Hasana Nur
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengukur Pengaruh Financial Distress Dan Leverage Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi. Jenis data yang di pakai adalah data kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu menjelaskan data yang ditemukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Bentuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian adalah Cross Section. Data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data Sekunder. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perusahaan jasa Sub Sektor Transportasi yang teradaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2020 sebanyak 74 perusahaan, sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Purposive Sampling, berdasarkan kriteria sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 35 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini diolah menggunakan program SPSS versi 22 yang menunjukkan bahwa Financial Distress Dan Leverage Berpengaruh Signifikan Terhadap Konservatimse Akuntansi.
PERAN PEMBIAYAAN ARRUM PEGADAIAN SYARIAH DALAM MENDUKUNG KEGIATAN USAHA (STUDI PADA PEGADAIAN SYARIAH CABANG KENDARI)
Authors: Novianti WaOde , Qomariyah Erni , Purwati Ninik Endang
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui bagaimana peran Pembiayaan Arrum Pegadaian Syariah dalam mendukung kegiatan usaha. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Informan penelitian ini adalah Nasabah Pegadaian Syariah dan pegawai Pegadaian syariah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peran Pembiayaan Arrum di Pegadaian syariah sudah berjalan dengan baik, hal ini karena dalam proses pembiayan arrum membuat peningkatan bagi para nasabahnya. Dalam aspek kepercayaan dan kesepakatan pihak Pegadaian dan Nasabah sama-sama menandatangani akad sebagai peryaratan sebelum melakukan pembiayaan. Sedangkan aspek jangka waktu dan risiko pihak Pegadaian memberikan jangka waktu pembiayaan sesuai dengan kemampuan Nasabah, adapun aspek risiko tidak terjadi gagal. Adapun bagi para Nasabah dalam kegiatan usaha ada peningkatan modal dan peningkatan pendapatan selama pembiayaan arrum. Sehingga membuat para pelaku usaha dapat memperbaharui usaha dan dapat berkembangyang dapat meningkatkan keuntungan usaha.
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Kesiswaan Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Pembinaan Kesiswaan Untuk Mewujudkan Mutu Pembelajaran (Penelitian Di SMK Plus Qurrata ‘Ayun Samarang Garut)
Authors: Huda Saepul
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam bidang Pendidikan selama ini adalah mutu pembelajaran masih kurang optimal sehingga berdampak pada mutu pendidikan. Kurang optimalnya mutu pembelajaran diduga antara lain karena pelaksanaan kebijakan kesiswaan dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang kurang maksimal terhadap pembinaan kesiswaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis tentang pengaruh pelaksanaan kebijakan kesiswaan dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap pembinaan kesiswaan untuk mewujudkan mutu pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis dengan teknik survey, wawancara, observasi dan studi dukumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian ini adalah statistik dengan model analisis jalur (path analysis). Adapun populasi dan sekaligus menjadi renponden dalam penelitian ini adalah guru SMK Plus Qurrata A’yun Samarang Garut sebanyak 92 orang. Hasil pengujian hipotesis utama dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan kebijakan kesiswaan (X1) dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembinaan kesiswaan (Y) untuk mewujudkan mutu pembelajaran (Z) maka dilakukan pengujian diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 43,1096 lebih besar dari nilai Ftabel sebesar 1,42. Dari nilai tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan statistik bahwa H0 ditolak. Signifikansi nilai hasil pengujian di atas, didukung pula oleh nilai koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0,6647 yang juga menunjukkan besarnya kontribusi variabel pelaksanaan kebijakan kesiswaan dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap pembinaan kesiswaan untuk mewujudkan mutu pembelajaran sebesar 66,47 %, Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 0,3353 atau sebesar 33,53 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diamati dalam penelitian ini.