bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bonjour la famille!
Authors: Pérez-Sabater Carmen , Maguelouk-Moffo Ginette
Published: January 2024

Rooted in African postcolonial pragmatics, this research pays particular attention to the strategic use of
code-switching and other linguistic strategies for relationship maintenance in instant messaging communities that constitute
translanguaging spaces. To this end, by means of a quantitative and computer-mediated communication discourse analysis, we examine
the naturally-occurring interactions, on WhatsApp, of a group of 74 former university classmates who studied Spanish Philology in
the mid-2000s at a Cameroonian university. The close observation of the group’s interactional strategies for relationship
maintenance shows that members construct their online famille – their new social space for self-presentation – by
means of (1) sociolinguistic and pragmatic norms drawn from indigenisation; (2) kinship terms as forms of address, in English and
Spanish in texts mainly in French; and (3) the inclusion of religious terms as a politeness strategy. The use of Spanish as the
tie-sign of the group is not as relevant as initially expected.
Bare nouns, indefinite articles and partitivity in an Early New High German cookbook
Authors: Glaser Elvira
Published: January 2024

The starting point of the present article is the usage of mass nouns with indefinite articles, known from modern
Bavarian and neighbouring dialects. Our analysis is dedicated to the use of the indefinite article varying with bare nouns in a
historical perspective, based on a cookbook handwritten in 1556 in the East Swabian variety of Augsburg, containing about 900
instances of mass nouns with and without articles. Like in modern Bavarian, the readings OBJECT and QUALITY can be distinguished.
A comparison with the de-nominals in Old Spanish recipes shows that the indefinite articles appear in equivalent
positions with mass nouns mostly denoting non-specific regular objects as instantiations of the kind. The discussion of
quantifiers and measuring expressions shows a special syntactic and semantic behaviour of ain wenig ‘a little’.
The final discussion leads to the assumption that the indefinite article does not formally express a partitive relation, but, at
most, produces partitive effects.
High yield and wide lateral size growth of α-Mo2C: exploring the boundaries of CVD growth of bare MXene analogues
Authors: Ravuri SyamSai , Wrobel Pawel S , Gorantla Sandeep , Bazioti Calliope , Sunding Martin F , Lis Krzysztof , Jedrzejewski Roman , Sartori Sabrina , Diplas Spyros , Gunnæs Anette E , Bachmatiuk Alicja
Published: January 2024

Synthesis of Mo2C bare MXenes, without surface terminations groups, via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal foils is scientifically a very intriguing crystal growth process, and there are still challenges and limited fundamental understanding to overcome to obtain high yield and wide crystal size lateral growth. Achieving large area coverage via direct growth is scientifically vital to utilize the full potential of their unique properties in different applications. In this study, we sought to expand the boundaries of the current CVD growth approach for Mo2C MXenes and gain insights into the possibilities and limitations of large area growth, with a particular focus on controlling Mo concentration. We report a facile modification of their typical CVD growth protocol and show its influence on the Mo2C synthesis, with growth times spanning up to 3 h. Specifically, prior to initiating the CVD growth process, we introduced a holding step in temperature at 1095 °C. This proved to be beneficial in increasing the Mo concentration on the liquid Cu growth surface. We achieved an average Mo2C crystals coverage of approximately 50% of the growth substrate area, increased tendency of coalescence and merging of individual flakes, and lateral flake sizes up to 170 μm wide. To gain deeper understanding into their CVD growth behavior, we conducted a systematic investigation of the effect of several factors, including (i) a holding step time on Mo diffusion rate through molten Cu, (ii) the Cu foil thickness over the Mo foil, and (iii) the CVD growth time. Phase, chemical and microstructural characterization by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photon spectroscopy, SEM and scanning/transmission electron microscopy revealed that the grown crystals are single phase α-Mo2C. Furthermore, insights gained from this study sheds light on crucial factors and inherent limitations that are essential to consider and may help guide future research progress in CVD growth of bare MXenes.
Nonlinear structure and growth rate of solitary waves for extended Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in plasma having (r, q) distribution electrons
Authors: El-Awady E I , Abdikian A , Saha A
Published: January 2024

The Reductive Perturbation Technique (RPT) is used to investigate ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in magnetized plasmas made up of electrons obeying the generalized form of (

r
,
q

) distribution. The analysis makes use of the Extended Zakharov-Kuznetsov (EZK) equation and the hydrodynamic theory of plasmas. The study investigates the effects of electron flatness (

r

) at low energy and superthermal (

q

) at high energy on the characteristics of IAWs, and the solutions to the EZK equation are plotted for different values of the plasma characteristics, such as the total ion cyclotron frequency, the ion to electron temperature ratio, and the ion-specific heat. The research goes into great detail to estimate the instability threshold and growth rate of these waves by applying a small-k perturbation technique. Overall, this investigation contributes to the better understanding of ion acoustic structures in space plasmas.
Cu-based novel transition-metals chalcogenides for advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices: first-principles study
Authors: Gul Banat , Salman Khan Muhammad , Rahaman Mostafizur , Periyasami Govindasami , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: January 2024

Copper-containing ternary transition-metals chalcogenide semiconductors are remarkable due to their potential employment in optical and electronic devices. Here, density functional theory calculations are used to study the structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of ternary Cu2WZ4 (Z = S, Se) materials. To accurately account for the strongly linked electronic combinations, advanced TB-mBJ approximations were used for these calculations. The formation energies are computed to predict their stability. The predicted band structure features well support the density of states calculations and verify semiconducting behavior in these studied materials. Moreover, for potential employment in optoelectronic devices, we calculated the optical parameters such as the dielectric function’s constituents, absorption coefficients, energy loss functions, reflectivity, and refractive index. The thermoelectric results revealed that the materials are suitable for thermoelectric applications. The development of remarkable and integrated semiconductor devices along with their applications would primarily benefit through these investigations.
Continuous-wave pumped dispersion-compensated ultrashort-pulse doubly resonant oscillator studies
Authors: Sharma Himani , Padhi Rojalin , Devi Kavita
Published: January 2024

We have reported theoretical analysis of broadband phase-coherent spectral generation with stable short pulse output based on optical parametric oscillator (OPOs) pumped by low-cost single-mode continuous-wave (cw) laser considering the incorporation of mode-locking element in the cw dispersion-compensated OPO in doubly-resonant oscillator (DRO) configuration. Exploiting the control of dispersion in the cw mode-locked cavity, the intracavity round-trip phase shift, phase coherence among resonating waves, carrier envelope offset phase of mode-locked output and enhancement of efficiency of system using active mode-locking element driven at high modulation frequency has been studied. The study paves the way of realization of compact, low-cost, efficient ultrashort pulse OPO under cw pumping.
A dielectric barrier discharge based low pressure narrow band far UV-C 222 nm excimer lamp and its efficiency analysis
Authors: Ahlawat Kiran , Jangra Ramavtar , Ish Ambar , Jain Neha , Prakash Ram
Published: January 2024

Far UV-C light at wavelength 222 nm is gaining popularity nowadays due to its properties that it cannot penetrate even the outer dead skin of humans and the tear layer of the eyes. This wavelength has been proven to be much safer for human health. In this paper, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) based Far UV-C excimer lamp with a very narrow and intense spectrum peaking at a wavelength of 222 nm has been reported. Optimization of high voltage electrodes has been carried out to minimize the lamp heating without using any external cooling. The discharge produced in this configuration is diffused discharge at a low pressure of 140 mbar. Generally, at low pressure, a very wide band of spectra having full-width half maxima (FWHM) of 8–15 nm is obtained. In this case, due to the confined gas gap and bi-polar pulse power arrangements, the spectra obtained are very narrow, having an FWHM of 1.7 nm. Applied voltage, frequency and gas pressure are optimized to get high electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency of the lamp. The measured radiated intensity at the applied input electrical power of 31 W from the optimized lamp is ∼2.5 mW cm−2, which results in the electrical to optical conversion efficiency as high as 12.5%. The bacterial efficiency of the developed lamp is also examined on pathogenic gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. Complete inactivation of S. aureus and E. coli has been achieved at a UV dose of 3 mJ/cm2 and 12 mJ cm–2, respectively. Morphological studies of treated bacteria have also been performed to correlate the results.
Well-posedness and an Euler-Maruyama method for multi-term caputo tempered fractional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Shao Linxin , Liu Jiahui
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we first prove the existence, uniqueness and continuity dependence on the initial value of multi-term Caputo tempered fractional stochastic differential equations with initial value. Then, an Euler-Maruyama (EM) method is presented for solving the considered equation. The strong convergence of the presented EM method is strictly investigated with the order to be

min
{

α

m

−

α

m
−
1

,

α

m

−
0.5
}

with 0 < α
1 < α
2 < ⋯ < α

m−1 < α

m
< 1, α

m
> 0.5, and m is a given positive integer. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to support our theoretical findings.
Mathematical analysis of a time-fractional coupled tumour model using Laplace and finite Fourier transforms
Authors: Munir Sadia , Omame Andrew , Zaman Fiazud Din
Published: January 2024

A time-fractional diffusive tumour growth model is investigated in this paper. The model assumes two different tumour populations having diverse diffusion and proliferation rates. The classical integer model, coupled with the fractional operators with power-law, Mittag-Leffler and exponential kernels is solved analytically with the help of integral transforms Numerical investigations of the resulting solution are carried out to examine the effect of the different fractional operators. The spherical form of the model is considered, as this describes the tumour more adequately as compared to other coordinates system. From the numerical experiments, it is observed that, the kernel contained in the respective fractional operator could alter the dynamics of the tumour concentration under consideration.
Nanoscale cathodoluminescence spectroscopy probing the nitride quantum wells in an electron microscope
Authors: Liu 刘 Zhetong 哲彤 , Liu 刘 Bingyao 秉尧 , Liang 梁 Dongdong 冬冬 , Li 李 Xiaomei 晓梅 , Li 李 Xiaomin 晓敏 , Chen 陈 Li 莉 , Zhu 朱 Rui 瑞 , Xu 徐 Jun 军 , Wei 魏 Tongbo 同波 , Bai 白 Xuedong 雪冬 , Gao 高 Peng 鹏
Published: January 2024

To gain further understanding of the luminescence properties of multiquantum wells and the factors affecting them on a microscopic level, cathodoluminescence combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy was used to measure the luminescence of In0.15Ga0.85N five-period multiquantum wells. The lattice–composition–energy relationship was established with the help of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and the bandgaps of In0.15Ga0.85N and GaN in multiple quantum wells were extracted by electron energy loss spectroscopy to understand the features of cathodoluminescence spectra. The luminescence differences between different periods of multiquantum wells and the effects of defects such as composition fluctuation and dislocations on the luminescence of multiple quantum wells were revealed. Our study establishing the direct relationship between the atomic structure of In
x
Ga1−x
N multiquantum wells and photoelectric properties provides useful information for nitride applications.
Novel self-embedding holographic watermarking image encryption protection scheme
Authors: Wang 王 Linian 励年 , Zhou 周 Nanrun 楠润 , Sun 孙 Bo 博 , Cao 曹 Yinghong 颖鸿 , Mou 牟 Jun 俊
Published: January 2024

For digital image transmission security and information copyright, a new holographic image self-embedding watermarking encryption scheme is proposed. Firstly, the plaintext is converted to the RGB three-color channel, the corresponding phase hologram is obtained by holographic technology and the watermark is self-embedded in the frequency domain. Secondly, by applying the Hilbert transform principle and genetic center law, a complete set of image encryption algorithms is constructed to realize the encryption of image information. Finally, simulation results and security analysis indicate that the scheme can effectively encrypt and decrypt image information and realize the copyright protection of information. The introduced scheme can provide some support for relevant theoretical research, and has practical significance.
Engineering the spectra of photon triplets generated from micro/nanofiber
Authors: Qu 瞿 Chuan 川 , Guo 郭 Dongqin 东琴 , Li 李 Xiaoxiao 笑笑 , Liu 刘 Zhenqi 振旗 , Zhao 赵 Yi 义 , Zhang 张 Shenghai 胜海 , Wei 卫 Zhengtong 正统
Published: January 2024

Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing. We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber. The phase mismatching at one–third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets, the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of

6

/
3

. Therefore, we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time. Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband, non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching, resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion. In this scheme, the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching. We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering, and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.
The Mass Assembly History for Galaxies with MaNGA
Authors: Ge Xue , Wang Hong-Tao , Lei Cheng-Long , Guo Yun-Jun , Jiang Yi-Long , Cao Xiao-Xiao
Published: January 2024

How galaxies assemble masses through their own star formation or interaction with the external environment is still an important topic in the field of galaxy formation and evolution. We use Value Added Catalogs with galaxy features that are spatially and temporally resolved from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 17 to investigate the mass growth histories of early-type galaxies (ETGs) and late-type galaxies (LTGs). We find that the mass growth of ETGs is earlier than that of LTGs for massive galaxies (M
* > 1010
M
⊙), while low-mass (M
* ≤ 1010
M
⊙) ETGs have statistically similar mass assembly histories as low-mass LTGs. The stellar metallicity of all massive galaxies shows a negative gradient and basically does not change with time. However, in low-mass galaxies, the stellar metallicity gradient of elliptical galaxies is negative, and the stellar metallicity gradient of lenticular and spiral galaxies evolves from positive to negative. ETGs are not all in a high-density environment, but exhibit mass dependence. As the tidal strength increases, the star formation rate of low-mass ETGs rapidly decreases. These results support a picture where massive galaxies exhibit inside-out quenching mode, while low-mass galaxies show outside-in quenching mode. Environmental effects play an important role in regulating the mass assembly histories of low-mass ETGs.
Lobe-dominated γ-Ray Emission of Compact Symmetric Objects
Authors: Gan Ying-Ying , Zhang Hai-Ming , Yang Xing , Gu Ying , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2024

The γ-ray emitting compact symmetric objects (CSOs) PKS 1718–649, NGC 3894, and TXS 0128+554 are lobe-dominated in the radio emission. In order to investigate their γ-ray radiation properties, we analyze the ∼14 yr Fermi/LAT observation data of the three CSOs. They all show the low luminosity (1041–1043 erg s−1) and no significant variability in the γ-ray band. Their γ-ray average spectra can be well fitted by a power-law function. These properties of γ-rays are clearly different from the γ-ray emitting CSOs CTD 135 and PKS 1413+135, for which the γ-rays are produced by a restarted aligned jet. In the L

γ
− Γ
γ
plane, the three CSOs are also located at the region occupied by radio galaxies (RGs) while CTD 135 and PKS 1413+135 display a similar feature to blazars. Together with a similar radio emission property to γ-ray emitting RGs Cen A and Fornax A, we speculate that the γ-rays of the three CSOs stem from their extended mini-lobes. The broadband spectral energy distributions of the three CSOs can be well explained by the two-zone leptonic model, where their γ-rays are produced by the inverse Compton process of the relativistic electrons in extended regions. By extrapolating the observed Fermi/LAT spectra to the very high energy band, we find that TXS 0128+554 among the three CSOs may be detected by the Cherenkov Telescope Array in the future.
Evaluation of the relativistic redshift in frequency standards at KRISS
Authors: Lee Jisun , Kwon Jay Hyoun , Park Chang Yong , Kim Huidong , Choi In-Mook , Chung Jin Wan , Lee Won-Kyu
Published: January 2024

Relativistic redshift correction should be accurately considered in frequency comparisons between frequency standards. In this study, we evaluated the relativistic redshift at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) using three different methods, depending on whether the approach was traditional or modern or whether the geopotential model was global or local. The results of the three methods agreed well with one another, and the height of an Yb optical lattice clock (KRISS-Yb1) was determined to be 75.15 m with an uncertainty of 0.04 m with respect to the conventionally adopted equipotential surface

W
0

CGPM

, the value of which is defined to be 62 636 856.0 m2s−2. Accordingly, the relativistic redshift of KRISS-Yb1 was evaluated to be 8.193(4) × 10−15. These data are applicable to the frequency standards at KRISS, one of which regularly participates in the calibration of the International Atomic Time.
Analysis of Structural Strength and Fatigue Life Based on the 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy Lugs
Authors: Tong Dihua , Hu Benrun , Chen Bo , Li Jichen , Di Jun , Wang Hongda , Zhou Song , Yang Wenjun
Published: January 2024

As an important component for transmitting concentrated loads, lugs are susceptible to static strength damage and fatigue damage due to the high frequency of loads. In this paper, the finite element model of a typical 7075-T651 aluminum alloy lugs is established by considering the actual structure parameters and working conditions. Co Mparing with numerical simulation and test results in different parameter lugs, it is found that the load-displacement curve and fracture pattern are in good agreement, which verifies the accuracy of the established finite element model. Then the effects of thickness, aperture and extruded projected area are further discussed on structural strength and fatigue life of the lugs. The results show that the increase of thickness and extruded projected area can effectively reduce the maximum stress of the lugs and improve their fatigue life. With the increase of ear aperture, the maximum stress decreases initially and then increases, and fatigue life changes accordingly. The comprehensive optimal value is obtained when the aperture of the lug R is 7.5 mm. This research provides a theoretical basis for structural design of typical aircraft lugs in engineering practice.
Effect of Processing Parameters and Heat Treatment on Selective Laser Melted Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy
Authors: Liu Donglin , Li Xiwu , Li Yanan , Zhu Kai , Wen Kai , Li Zhihui , Zhang Yongan , Xiong Baiqing
Published: January 2024

Selective Laser Melting is a promising manufacturing method for complex geometric fabrication. However, the 2xxx series aluminum alloy is facing a poor SLM-processibility problem. In this paper, the impact of the processing parameters of Selective Laser Melting on the formability of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys was discussed. The evolution of precipitation under different aging treatments was explored. During the formation process, samples with a laser power of 360 W and a scanning velocity of 1150 mm/s showed a smaller defect fraction. Direct aging (DA) and solid solution treatment aging (STA) treatments were carried out on the alloy respectively. In the DA treatment, the element content in the matrix was consumed as the formation of the primary phase, and the precipitate-strengthening effect was weakened. Solid solution treatment enables a higher hardness of heat-treated samples, as well as an accelerated aging response.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of PLA/MWCNTS Printed Parts in FDM Process
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ma Zhiyong , Gao Zhenkai
Published: January 2024

This study systematically and comprehensively investigates the 3D printing process and mechanical properties of PLA/MWCNTS composite material using pneumatic extrusion. Mechanical test specimens were prepared utilizing a pneumatic extrusion 3D printing system, followed by conducting mechanical performance tests. The study focuses on assessing the influence of different material ratios on the strength of these specimens, employing a controlled variable method with varied printing paths. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of PLA printed specimens upon the addition of carbon nanotubes, indicating the promising potential of PLA/MWCNTS composite materials as functional materials for FDM technology.
Evaluation of Ultimate Axial Strain Models for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Confined Concrete Cylinders
Authors: Chen Junwei , Wang Yong , Zhang Yafeng , Liang Meng
Published: January 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite has been widely applied to reinforce and rehabilitate concrete columns in civil engineering. It is necessary to deeply understand the ultimate deformation (i.e., the ultimate axial strain εcc
) of FRP-confined concrete columns. A large database including different types of FRP (conventional FRP and large-rupture-strain FRP), concrete compressive strengths (19.4 MPa-169.7 MPa), and cylinder sizes (51 mm-508 mm), as well as various concrete types, is collected in this study. For this reason, several existing ultimate axial strain modes for FRP-confined cylinders have been evaluated via some statistical parameters based on the database. The verification results illustrate that the prediction accuracy of axial strain models is not good enough due to the intrinsic difficulty in predicting deformation and variability of data source, although the available models with better performance can achieve the average ratio between experimental and predicted strain value (

ε

c
c

exp
e

/

ε

c
c

pred

) below 10%.
Preparation and Application of Environmentally-Friendly Copolymer Filtration Control Agent Based on Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Zhang Zhen , Lu Haiying , Luo Xiao , Li Chengli , Li Qiang
Published: January 2024

Traditional water-based drilling fluids encounter challenges in terms of poor solubility in high-density water-based drilling fluids and difficulty in meeting biotoxicity standards when using heat-resistant polymers as filtration control agents. To address this issue, this study introduces MIL-100 (Fe)-NH2 type MOF due to its excellent catalytic activity, which activates industrial-grade large-sized lignosulfonate sodium. The particle size of lignosulfonate sodium is reduced from micrometer to nanometer scale, significantly enhancing its reactivity in polymerization reactions. The activated lignosulfonate sodium is then used as a raw material and reacted with acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and catechol to produce a novel polymer filtration control agent named PTASL. Biotoxicity tests demonstrate that both pre-aged and post-aged PTASL exhibit EC50 values exceeding 30,000 mg/L, indicating that they are environmentally friendly polymers with no biotoxic effects.
Simulation and Analysis of the Coupling of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, and Aquatic Ecology in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area under Various Water Diversion Scenarios
Authors: Chen Liang , Nan Linjiang , Guan Wenhai , Fan Xiangjun , Yang Mingxiang , Huang Yubo , Wang Xu , Dong Ningpeng , Wang Hejia
Published: January 2024

Large-scale water diversion has, to a certain extent, altered the hydrological conditions in the water discharge area, disrupting the long-established hydrological consistency and, in turn, impacting the ecological environment. In this study, we utilized satellite imagery and underwater topographic data of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) to construct a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality-aquatic ecology model based on MIKE21. We simulated and analyzed the water environmental conditions at two crucial sections, Cuntan and Wanzhou, under different water diversion scenarios. The research findings indicate that under both short-term and long-term water diversion scenarios, the pollution levels at both sections have increased, with pollutant concentration varying between 0 to 0.0217 mg/L and 0 to 0.0642 mg/L throughout the year. Long-term water diversion has a more significant impact than short-term diversion, particularly with a longer duration of influence during the winter. The impact of water diversion on water quality classification is not very pronounced. It primarily reduces the number of days when Class I water quality is achieved. Under short-term and long-term water diversion scenarios, the proportion of days with Class I water quality at the Cuntan and Wanzhou sections decreased by 0.28% and 0.55%, and 0.56% and 0.83%, respectively. These research results can serve as a theoretical foundation for further developing ecological risk mitigation strategies and establishing an eco-friendly inter-basin scheduling model.
Spatiotemporal Changes of Evapotranspiration in Cities along the Yellow River Basin in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Liu Yi , Gao Fei
Published: January 2024

Steapotranspiration is an important component of land surface water circulation and surface energy balance. The study of the spatial and temporal change of the cities along the Yellow River basin in Shandong Province is conducive to explore the regional water circulation and the response of the river basin to climate change. Based on the evapotranspiration data, the spatiotemporal distribution and change characteristics of evapotranspiration in cities along the Yellow River basin in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2018 were analyzed. The results show that (1), the mean value of evaporation in the Yellow River in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2018 was 469.43 mma-1, with large annual variation; (2) high in spring and summer, low in autumn and winter; (3) the highest spatial distribution in July; (5) the decreasing in Jining, Heze, Taian, Zibo, Jinan, Dongying, Liaocheng, Binzhou and Dezhou; and (6) increasing in eastern cities along the Yellow River; the decrease in the west.
Exploring magnetic polylactic acid composites using combined sol-gel and co-blending methods for developing 3D printing filament
Authors: Ding Haoran , Je Seungwoo
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we experimented to determine the ideal ratio of magnetic properties/PLA composites for creating magnetic filaments for FDM 3D printing. To achieve this, we created 15 samples using the control variates method, analyzing factors such as the type of material used, the powder size of the magnetic substance, and PLA pellet size. Also, Our approach utilized a novel method of combining the sol-gel and co-blending methods to produce uniform and high-induced magnetic field strength properties in the magnetic substance/PLA binary composites. By comparing Maximum tesla measurement results, we determined that using NdFeB is preferable to Fe3O4 in our particular conditions. We found that the composites’ magnetic properties depend only on the materials and mass ratio of the magnetic substance, with the ideal ratio being 2: (4-6): 8 for binders, magnetic substances, and PLA, respectively. Finally, based on our findings, we produced a sample filament and suggested possible applications.
Tensile behavior of martensite + ferrite micro-layered 15CrMo steel plates
Authors: Zhao X , Wang X H , Bai H Y , Cui S Y
Published: January 2024

Martensite + ferrite micro-layered plates were prepared by the process of quenching and cold rolling of 15CrMo steel. The tensile behavior of the micro-layered plate was tested by an electronic tensile testing machine and then simulated by a finite element software. The results show that: (1) The martensite + ferrite micro-layered structure plate is obtained by quenching and more than 50% cold rolling of 15CrMo steel, which has two characteristics: martensite + ferrite micro lamellar structure parallel to the plate surface and delamination tensile fracture; (2) The tensile strength of cold-rolled specimens are inversely proportional to the layer thickness of martensite + ferrite; (3) The tensile fracture surface of cold-rolled specimens appears the delamination phenomenon.
Microstructure characteristics and impact properties of high nitrogen steel and its weld seam
Authors: Zhan Y , Cao Y H , Zhang W H , Yang L , Zhao H Y , Yin Z Q
Published: January 2024

The impact friction and wear treatment of high nitrogen steel base metal and its weld under different welding currents was carried out by TIG welding process. The characteristics of hardness distribution, wear resistance and impact strengthening performance of high nitrogen steel and its weld area under different welding currents were studied. The results show that the hardness of high nitrogen steel base metal after impact strengthening treatment increases by 8.96 %, and the increase of weld hardness after impact strengthening treatment decreases with the increase of welding current. The impact strengthening effect of the base metal is more obvious, and its wear weight decreases with the increase of the impact times. Due to the loss of nitrogen under the action of welding heat, there is no obvious law of weld weight loss.
Study and application of joint assessment model for construction risk of Xiangxi Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: He Lin , Liang Guanting , Ti Yanchi
Published: January 2024

Closure of main arch rib is the key process of steel box girder arch bridge construction. The way to achieve quantitative and accurate prediction of closure error risk remains to be studied in depth. Taking the construction risk model of closure of main arch rib of Xiangxi Yangtze River Bridge as an example, firstly, the causal relationship between prior data and closure error of main arch rib is considered to construct Bayesian network topology; Further, the central limit theorem (CLT) is used to update the prior distribution of the parent nodes in the network using dynamic multi-source monitoring data; Then the finite element analysis and BP neural network are combined to reproduce the corresponding relationship between the arch rib closure error and the influencing factors. Finally, the probability distribution is determined by the Monte Carlo method, and the quantitative prediction of the joint construction risk error is realized. The analysis data shows that the risk probability of arch rib vertical error of Xiangxi Yangtze River Bridge is transmissible, and the risk level of arch rib closure error reaches Grade IV when it is 75∼125mm. Therefore, the prestress of anchor cable, tower buckle offset and local temperature should be closely monitored during construction. The calculated value of the joint prediction model of construction risk is consistent with the actual closure control error trend of the project, which can provide reference for the prediction and regulation of related bridge construction risks.
Construction risk analysis of cantilever casting mid-span closure of bridge in reservoir area
Authors: Liang Guanting , Chen Qirong , Li Ruijie
Published: January 2024

In order to assess the impact of frequent microseismic and cyclic water flow forces on the bridge cantilever casting construction in the Three Gorges reservoir area, a limited element-quantum-orthogonal experimental design-neural network-Monte Carlo simulation method was used to analyze the risk assessment of the construction. The orthogonal experimental design method is utilized to generate probability distribution samples of water velocity, water height, and microseismic acceleration. These samples are then combined with a finite element model and trained using a BP neural network. This approach aims to establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between each control parameter and the axial deviation value in the mid-span closure, and then the Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate the random influence parameter, which can be substituted into the trained BP neural network to predict the risk of the error in the mid-axial deviation. The results suggested that the risk probability of the medial axis deviation of the closure section due to the coupling effect of water flow force and high-frequency microseismicity had reached 5.06%, and the risk of line deviation of the cantilever casting construction of the bridge in the reservoir area needed to be paid sufficient attention and prevented. The risk of line deviation of the cantilever casting construction of the reservoir bridge needs to attract enough attention and precaution.
A simulation study on mechanical properties and heat conductivity of magnesium matrix syntactic foams before and after heat treatment
Authors: Fu X M , Li G Q , Chen L , Lou H R , Chen S Y , Xiang C C
Published: January 2024

Environmental pollution and energy consumption problems today are seriously affecting people’s lives. In this paper, a new magnesium AZ31B matrix syntactic foam (MMSF) prepared by gravity penetration with hollow alumina microspheres as reinforcement was simulated using ANSYS Workbench for the lightweight design of vehicles. The mechanical properties and heat conductivity of MMSFs prepared by hollow microspheres with different diameters and volume fractions before and after heat treatment were investigated using finite element analysis. The simulation results showed that the MMSF prepared by hollow microspheres with a diameter of 3.6 mm and a volume fraction of 40% had the best mechanical properties and heat conductivity after heat treatment strengthening. Due to low density, high strength, excellent thermal insulation and other advantages, this high-performance MMSF is suitable for making vehicle bodies, which can effectively reduce the overall weight, thus reducing the fuel consumption and pollutant emission caused by driving.
Effect of Yb3+ concentration on the spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped SiO2-TiO2 nanofiber
Authors: Razali Nurul Syaheera , Supardan Siti Nurbaya , Yunus Rozan Mohamad , Kamil Suraya Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Er3+ has been gaining much interest due to the multiple emissions in both infrared and visible regions. Based on the previous study, SiO2-TiO2 have been proven to be an excellent host for Er3+. However, Er3+ exhibits a low absorption cross-section when doped into the silica-based host. Therefore, Yb3+ has been introduced into the matrix and acts as a sensitiser to increase the luminescence intensity. Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped 75SiO2-25TiO2 nanofiber with different Er3+/Yb3+ ratios were fabricated via the sol-gel electrospinning method. The FESEM result shows the diameter of the nanofibers in the range of 62 to 515 nm. The absence of any peak within the 3000-4000 cm-1 range in the FTIR spectra indicates the complete removal of the OH group. The XRD results imply that all samples were amorphous. The PL spectra showed strong green emission peaks, which were ascribed to 2H11/2
→
4I15/2 as well as red emission peaks attributed to 4F9/2
→
4I15/2 Er3+ transitions. The PL intensity was varied according to the Yb3+ concentration. The addition of Yb3+ was proven to aid the increment of PL intensity. Nevertheless, the PL intensity reduced when too high of Yb3+ concentration was used due to the concentration quenching effect.
Production of alginate macrocapsule device for long-term normoglycaemia in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic cell sheet engineering
Authors: Duman Büşra Öncel , Yazir Yusufhan , Halbutoğullari Zehra Seda , Mert Serap , Öztürk Ahmet , Gacar Gülçin , Duruksu Gökhan
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes-mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by damage of beta cells in pancreatic islets. Cell-sheet engineering, one of the newest therapeutic approaches, has also been used to create functional islet systems by creating islet/beta cell-sheets and transferring these systems to areas that require minimally invasive intervention, such as extrahepatic areas. Since islets, beta cells, and pancreas transplants are allogeneic, immune problems such as tissue rejection occur after treatment, and patients become insulin dependent again. In this study, we aimed to design the most suitable cell-sheet treatment method and macrocapsule-device that could provide long-term normoglycemia in rats. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and beta cells were co-cultured in a temperature-responsive culture dish to obtain a cell-sheet and then the cell-sheets macroencapsulated using different concentrations of alginate. The mechanical properties and pore sizes of the macrocapsule-device were characterized. The viability and activity of cell-sheets in the macrocapsule were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and serum insulin & C-peptide levels were evaluated after transplantation in diabetic-rats. After the transplantation, the blood glucose level at 225 mg dl–1 on the 10th day dropped to 168 mg dl–1 on the 15th day, and remained at the normoglycemic level for 210 days. In this study, an alginate macrocapsule-device was successfully developed to protect cell-sheets from immune attacks after transplantation. The results of our study provide the basis for future animal and human studies in which this method can be used to provide long-term cellular therapy in T1DM patients.
Effect of TIG welding parameters on 316 L stainless steel joints using taguchi L27 approach
Authors: Khrais Samir , Mohammed Awsan , Al Ahmad Abdel , Darabseh Tariq
Published: January 2024

The AISI 316 L stainless steel was welded using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, utilizing ternary shielding gases Argon (Ar), Helium (He), and Nitrogen (N2). This study aimed to assess the effects of these ternary shielding gases on the microstructure, bead profile, and bead appearance. It provides a comprehensive grasp of welding parameters’ interplay with shielding gas compositions, enabling engineers to make informed choices that significantly influence the excellence, productivity, and lastingness of the welding process. The Taguchi L-27 approach was employed, incorporating different contents of N2 (2.5 vol. % to 7.5 vol. %) and He (10 vol. % to 30 vol. %) within the Ar shielding gas composition. Additionally, welding current intensities, ranging from 120 A to 180 A, were also used in the experiment. The results demonstrated that higher content of He and N2 resulted in elevated levels of austenite-forming elements. Therefore, for TIG welding at the arc current intensity of 150 A, it is recommended to utilize the shielding gas mixtures (2.5 vol. % N2 + 10 vol. % He + 87.5 vol. % Ar). Furthermore, by augmenting the content of both N2 and He within the Ar shielding gas mixture, in addition to adjusting the arc current, a notable expansion in both the width and depth of the weld profile was achieved. This achievement, in turn, played a pivotal role in securing comprehensive fusion throughout the welding process.
Fully solution-processed n-i-p type perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 19% enabled by a hydrophobic PEDOT:F interlayer and silver nanowire top electrode
Authors: Zhao Zhenhua , Liu Yang , Ding Changzeng , Zha Wusong , Luo Qun , Zhou Yinhua , Ma Chang-Qi
Published: January 2024

Solution-processed top electrode is the key technology for the realization of fully solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we reported the preparation of fully-solution processed n-i-p type PSCs with spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrode. Experiment results demonstrated that low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.00% with a low fill factor of 67.41% was obtained for the reference cell, when the AgNWs is directly coated on the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) layer. This result indicates a charge extraction barrier at the Spiro-OMeTAD/AgNWs interface, which could be attributed to the poor compatibility between Spiro-OMeTAD and AgNWs layers. By inserting a thin layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers (PEDOT:F), a modified PEDOT with lower surface energy, the interface connection between Spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT:F and AgNWs was improved, leading to an enhanced PCE of up to 19.11%. In addition, the PEDOT:F-based cells retained 64% of the initial PCE after operating at the maximum power point for 1800 h, whereas the reference cells retained only 30% of the initial PCE. The current work proved that PEDOT:F/AgNWs could be an excellent option for fully-solution processed n-i-p type PSCs.
Indoor air quality monitoring and source apportionment using low-cost sensors
Authors: Higgins Christina , Kumar Prashant , Morawska Lidia
Published: January 2024

Understanding of the various sources of indoor air pollution requires indoor air quality (IAQ) data that is usually lacking. Such data can be obtained using unobtrusive, low-cost sensors (LCS). The aim of this review is to examine the recent literature published on LCS for IAQ measurements and to determine whether these studies employed any methods to identify or quantify sources of indoor air pollution. Studies were reviewed in terms of whether any methods of source apportionment were employed, as well as the microenvironment type, geographical location, and several metrics relating to the contribution of outdoor pollutant ingress versus potential indoor pollutant sources. We found that out of 60 relevant studies, just four employed methods for source apportionment, all of which utilised receptor models. Most studies were undertaken in residential or educational environments. There is a lack of data on IAQ in other types of microenvironments and in locations outside of Europe and North America. There are inherent limitations with LCS in terms of producing data which can be utilised in source apportionment models. This applies to external pollution data, however IAQ can be even more challenging to measure due to its characteristics. The indoor environment is heterogeneous, with significant variability within the space as well as between different microenvironments and locations. Sensor placement, occupancy, and activity reports, as well as measurements in different microenvironments and locations, can contribute to understanding this variability. Outdoor pollutants can ingress into the space via the building envelope, however measurement of external pollution and environmental conditions, as well as recording details on the building fabric and ventilation conditions, can help apportion external contributions. Whether or not source apportionment models are employed on indoor data from LCS, there are parameters which, if carefully considered during measurement campaigns, can aid in source identification of pollutants.
Towards truly sustainable IoT systems: the SUPERIOT project
Authors: Katz Marcos , Paso Tuomas , Mikhaylov Konstantin , Pessoa Luis , Fontes Helder , Hakola Liisa , Leppäniemi Jaakko , Carlos Emanuel , Dolmans Guido , Rufo Julio , Drzewiecki Marcin , Sallouha Hazem , Napier Bruce , Branquinho André , Eder Kerstin
Published: January 2024

This paper provides an overview of the SUPERIOT project, an EU SNS JU (Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking) initiative focused on developing truly sustainable IoT systems. The SUPERIOT concept is based on a unique holistic approach to sustainability, proactively developing sustainable solutions considering the design, implementation, usage and disposal/reuse stages. The concept exploits radio and optical technologies to provide dual-mode wireless connectivity and dual-mode energy harvesting as well as dual-mode IoT node positioning. The implementation of the IoT nodes or devices will maximize the use of sustainable printed electronics technologies, including printed components, conductive inks and substrates. The paper describes the SUPERIOT concept, covering the key technical approaches to be used, promising scenarios and applications, project goals and demonstrators which will be developed to the proof-of-concept stage. In addition, the paper briefly discusses some important visions on how this technology may be further developed in the future.
Antibiofilm approaches as a new paradigm for treating infections
Authors: Reffuveille Fany , Dghoughi Yasser , Colin Marius , Torres Marcelo D T , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar
Published: January 2024

The lack of effective antibiotics for drug-resistant infections has led the World Health Organization to declare antibiotic resistance a global priority. Most bacterial infections are caused by microbes growing in structured communities called biofilms. Bacteria growing in biofilms are less susceptible to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Despite their significant clinical implications, bacterial biofilms have not received the attention they warrant, with no approved antibiotics specifically designed for their eradication. In this paper, we aim to shed light on recent advancements in antibiofilm strategies that offer compelling alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Additionally, we will briefly explore the potential synergy between computational approaches, including the emerging field of artificial intelligence, and the accelerated design and discovery of novel antibiofilm molecules in the years ahead.