bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarkable Correspondence of the Sagittarius A* Submillimeter Variability with a Stellar-wind-fed Accretion Flow Model
Authors: Murchikova Lena , White Christopher J. , Ressler Sean M.
Published: June 2022

We compare the 230 GHz near-horizon emission from Sagittarius A* to simulations representing three classes of accretion flows. Using the structure function to capture the variability statistics of the light curve, we find a noticeable discrepancy between the observations and models based on torus-fed accretion disks, whether those disks bring in a small or large amount of net magnetic flux. On the other hand, the simulations that are fed more realistically by stellar winds match the observed structure function very well. We describe the differences between models, arguing that feeding by stellar winds may be a critical component in constructing theoretical models for accretion in the Galactic Center.
Implication of Spin Constraints by the Event Horizon Telescope on Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham
Published: June 2022

The center of the Milky Way hosts the closest supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. Decades of near-infrared observations of our Galactic Center have shown the presence of a small population of stars (the so-called S-star cluster) orbiting Sgr A*, which were recently reported to be arranged into two orthogonal disks. In this case, the timescale for the Lense–Thirring precession of S stars should be longer than their age, implying a low spin for Sgr A*. In contrast, the recent results by the Event Horizon Telescope favor a highly spinning Sgr A*, which seems to suggest that the S stars could not be arranged in disks. Alternatively, the spin of Sgr A* must be small, suggesting that the models for its observed image are incomplete.
HYBRID INTERFERENCE: FROM THE PARTICULAR TO A CONTINUUM
Authors: BÍZIK Vladimír , KOSÁROVÁ Dominika , POTOČŇÁK Adam , STOJAR Richard
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is to empirically test the applicability of the four dimensions of resilience against hybrid threats on the concept of hybrid interference. The article shall present case studies of hybrid operations from Israel, USA, France, Taiwan, Ukraine, and Iraq/Syria that have exploited one or more of these dimensions with a principal goal of demonstrating the general utility but also empirical shortcomings of using the four-dimensional understanding of hybrid interference. The article shall finally present the main characteristics of the hybrid interference concept, based on theoretically and empirically salient criteria.
Age and Sex Differences in COVID-19 Clinical Symptom: Analysis of 19,588 Indonesian Cases
Authors: Mahata Liganda Endo , Lailani Mutia , Rezvi SM , Putra Syandrez Prima , Putra Andani Eka
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are potential for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks source, yet the feasible predictive factors are unclear.

AIM: Our study aimed to determine the age and sex differences in the presence of COVID-19 clinical symptoms at the initial diagnosis.

METHODS: We examined the results of individual first-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) of 19,588 COVID-19 positive cases registered at the Center for Diagnostic and Research on Infectious Disease Laboratory (PDRPI Lab), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia, from April 2020 to December 2020. Asymptomatic cases were those who had no symptoms at the initial confirmation while symptomatic had. The differences of age (classified into five age groups) and sex (female or male) were evaluated in both cases to see their significance.

RESULTS: A total of 12,790 (65.30%) of COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic. The COVID-19 patients had average age (mean ± SD) of 37.12 ± 17.22 years old (y.o.). Younger adults (20–39 y.o.; 42.01%; average age (mean ± SD) 29.51 ± 5.52 y.o.) were the most affected, followed by adults (40–59 y.o.; 32.09%; average age (mean ± SD) 49.29 ± 5.63 y.o.), children (≤19 years; 15.30%; average age (mean ± SD) 11.82 ± 5.70 y.o.), older adults (60–79 years; 9.90%; average age (mean ± SD) 65.76 ± 4.86 y.o.), and elderly (≥80 years; 0.71%; average age (mean ± SD) 83.31 ± 3.65 y.o.). Female cases (53.23%; average age (mean ± SD) 34.92 ± 16.57 y.o.) were more prevalent than males (46.77%; average age (mean ± SD) 41.26 ± 17.65 y.o.), with a significant mean age difference (P < 0.001). The odds of being asymptomatic were increased in the younger age group (adults OR as the reference; children OR 0.471, 95% CI 0.426–0.519; younger adults OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.639–0.734; older adults OR 1.766, 95% CI 1.594–1.957; and elderly OR 1.981, 95% CI 1.412–2.780; P < 0.001). Females were more likely than males to be asymptomatic (OR 1.105, 95% CI 1.042–1.172).

Conclusions: The younger age and the female sex are associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in the earliest molecular diagnosis.
Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Using Combine Anaerobic Filter with Constructed Wetland Methods
Authors: Suwerda Bambang , Kasjono Heru , Haryanti Sri , Yushananta Prayudhy
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater has a complex composition that is very harmful to health and the environment. A two-stage system is applied to treat wastewater, consisting of an anaerobic filter (AF) combined with constructed wetland (CW).
AIM: Experiments carried out under mesophilic conditions aim to evaluate the performance of a biological treatment combining AF and CW on three media filters.
METHODS: Observations were made for 15 consecutive days on chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD5, TSS, pH, and fat oils and grease FOG (35.5 mg/L). The treatment system is operated with a sewage loading of 14 m3 s-1 and an RTH of 18.2 h.
RESULTS: The results showed that before processing, the average values of COD (2881.4 mg/L), BOD5 (967 mg/L), TSS (860.3 mg/L), pH (6.7), and FOG (35, 5 mg/L). The greater efficiency was obtained using gravel media, BOD5 (88.9%), COD (92.9%), TSS (93.4%), and FOG (87.3%). Optimal treatment conditions in this system were found for AF with gravel media, operating at hydraulic retention time = 4.2 h, out of a total of 18.2 h. The IB value increased from 0.3 to >0.5, indicating the combined AF and CW method is suitable for treating wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the AF method and CW is well applied to the wastewater treatment of poultry slaughterhouses, and parameters values have complied with the applicable regulations. Nevertheless, the removal of oil and grease is highly recommended in pre-treatment to inhibit the anaerobic process.
Optimization of the Use of Chinese Teak Seed Powder Coagulant (Cassia angustifolia) as a Natural Coagulant in Reducing Turbidity of Dug Well Water Using the Jar Test Method
Authors: Aditama Wiwit , Sofia Sofia , Junaidi Junaidi , Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Natural coagulants are used as much as possible to reduce synthetic materials that produce side effects in their use. The use of natural coagulants will be cheaper than synthetic coagulants, which are commonly used for water purification. Chinese tea seeds (Cassia angustifolia) can reduce turbidity, because they contain complex carbohydrates and sugars that can bind particles in the water. Cassia angustifolia plant may also be used as a coagulation agent for conventional drinking water treatment.

AIM: This study aims to determine the optimization of coagulants from Chinese teak seed powder (Cassia angustifolia as a natural coagulant in reducing the turbidity of wells water.

METHODS: This study used Cassia angustifolia coagulant for the water treatment coagulation process with turbidity and pH parameters. This was a quasi-experimental study. The Completely Randomized Design (RAL) method was used. The study location was carried out at the Laboratory of the Environmental Health Department, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Banda Aceh. The doses used were 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS: There is a difference in turbidity reduction in dug healthy water when Cassia angustifolia is added at doses of 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, or 100 ppm.

CONCLUSION: Cassia angustifolia coagulant can be used at low turbidity levels with low doses, but it is necessary to investigate the active compound content and its biocoagulant properties.
Predictive Index Using Receiver Operating Characteristic and Trend Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence
Authors: Sutriyawan Agung , Herdianti Herdianti , Cakranegara Pandu Adi , Lolan Yosef Pandai , Sinaga Yakobus
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The city of Bandung is an endemic area of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Increased cases of DHF in the area have influenced the mortality rate. The number of deaths due to DHF in 2019 was 14 people.

AIM: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological determinants and to observe the trend of analysis to project DHF cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used a case-control design. The case population is those who have DFH, while the control population is those who do not have DHF. There were 510 respondents included in this study. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Epidemiological determinants were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, while the trend of the disease was analyzed using exponential smooth analysis.

RESULTS: The result of this study showed that education (p = 0.036), the presence of mosquito larvae (p = 0.000), container materials (p = 0.002), water containers (p = 0.025), mosquito nets (p = 0.010), the presence of solid waste (p = 0.002), mosquito repellent plants (p = 0.041), and mobility (0.004). The most dominant epidemiological determinant was the presence of mosquito larvae (odds ratio = 3.2). The predictive index of DHF can predict people who are sick with DHF among the sick population is 68.6%.

CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the significant epidemiological determinants are education, the presence of mosquito larvae, container materials, water containers, mosquito nets, the presence of solid waste, and mosquito repellent plants. Among those determinants, the presence of mosquito larvae is the most dominant factor. This study also concluded that there will be an increase in DFH cases over the next 5 years. Hence, it is important to increase larvae free index by empowering Kader Juru Pemantau Jentik (JUMANTIK) in Bandung and conducting epidemiological surveillance.
A new octocoral species of Swiftia (Holaxonia, Plexauridae) from the upper bathyal off Mauritania (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Sampaio Íris , Beuck Lydia , Freiwald André
Published: June 2022

Three species of the genusSwiftiaare known for the NE Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) surveys and sampling on board RV Maria S. Merian during cruise MSM 16/3 ‘PHAETON’ in 2010 provided footage and specimens of octocorals off Mauritania. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) reveals, for the first time in taxonomy of octocorals, the three-dimensional arrangement of the sclerites in a polyp.Swiftia phaetonsp. nov.is described for the continental slope off Mauritania. This azooxanthellate octocoral is distinctive from NE Atlantic and Mediterranean congenerics by the dark red colour of the colonies (including the polyps), the presence of a layer of rod sclerites on top of the polyp mounds, and different sizes of polyps and sclerites. Using micro-CT has allowed the observation and imaging of a layer of sclerites that is distinct from other species of the same genus. ROV images revealed live records ofS. phaetonsp. nov.in submarine canyons and on cold-water coral mounds in the upper-bathyal off Mauritania (396–639 m depth), mainly attached to dead coral, coral rubble, or rocks. The new species represents an extension of the genus distribution to the tropical latitudes (17°07'N and 20°14'N) of the NE Atlantic Ocean.
La délinquance financière : état des lieux
Authors: Van Ruymbeke Renaud
Published: June 2022

Dans cet article, Renaud Van Ruymbeke revient sur le mal insidieux qu'est la corruption tant il ruine la démocratie et l'État de droit dans tous les pays du monde. Il en énumère les manifestations abritées par des « pays non coopératifs » : blanchiment, fraude fiscale, détournements de fonds, trafics en tous genres… Parmi les stratégies mises en œuvre pour y faire face, il insiste sur l'indépendance et la spécialisation de la justice. Mais face à l'ampleur du phénomène, sa prolifération et ses conséquences, seule une « volonté politique collective » sera efficace.
The Need to Prepare Advanced Practice RNs to Deliver Affirmative Care to LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Authors: Kameg Brayden
Published: June 2022

The current article describes an educational intervention that seeks to improve advanced practice RNs' (APRN) ability to provide high-quality, affirmative care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) adolescents. Components of the educational intervention (i.e., simulation scenarios, educational videos) are made available online for APRN educator use. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(8), 9–10.]
Factors Related to Nursing Practices of General Visiting Nurses for Clients With Suicidal Ideation in Japan
Authors: Chijiiwa Tomoko , Ishimura Kayoko , Deguchi Mutsuo
Published: June 2022

The current study aimed to clarify the status of suicide care experience and factors influencing nursing practices of general visiting nurses who care for clients with suicidal ideation via home health care. Two hundred eighty nurses completed a self-administered questionnaire about nursing practices, suicide care experiences, and care difficulties. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the total score for each nursing practice factor. In total, 83.9% of nurses stated that their clients' desire to die was significantly associated with “assessing and identifying suicide risk factors” in nursing practice. “Professional support” in nursing practice was significantly associated with the difficulty of creating a risk-based treatment environment as well as with the experience of psychiatric nursing work. Findings suggest that general visiting nurses need to improve their communication skills and assessment abilities for the management of clients with suicidal ideation. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61
(1), 47–54.]
Finite element approximation of fractional hyperbolic integro-differential equation
Authors: Zhao Zhengang , Zheng Yunying , Zeng Xianglin
Published: June 2022

In this article, we propose a Galerkin finite element method for numerically solving a type of fractional hyperbolic integro-differential equation, which can be considered as the generalization of the classical hyperbolic Volterra integro-differential equation. Along with Galerkin finite element method in spatial direction, we apply a second order symmetric difference method in time. Next we discuss the regularity analysis of the weak solution and convergence analysis of the semi-discrete scheme. Then we further study the stability analysis and the error estimation of the fully discrete problems, according to the properties of fractional Ritz-Volterra projection, Ritz projection and so on. Numerical examples with comparisons among the proposed schemes verify our theoretical analyses.
A pixel-wise framework based on convolutional neural network for surface defect detection
Authors: Dong Guozhen
Published: June 2022

The automatic surface defect detection system supports the real-time surface defect detection by reducing the information and high-lighting the critical defect regions for high level image under-standing. However, the defects exhibit low contrast, different textures and geometric structures, and several defects making the surface defect detection more difficult. In this paper, a pixel-wise detection framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for strip steel surface defect detection is proposed. First we extract the salient features by a pre-trained backbone network. Secondly, contextual weighting module, with different convolutional kernels, is used to extract multi-scale context features to achieve overall defect perception. Finally, the cross integrate is employed to make the full use of these context information and decoded the information to realize feature information complementation. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms against the previous state-of-the-art methods on strip steel surface defect dataset (MAE: 0.0396; Fβ: 0.8485).
Designing social distancing policies for the COVID-19 pandemic: A probabilistic model predictive control approach
Authors: Armaou Antonios , Katch Bryce , Russo Lucia , Siettos Constantinos
Published: June 2022

The effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic is one the most challenging issues of recent years. The design of optimal control policies is challenging due to a variety of social, political, economical and epidemiological factors. Here, based on epidemiological data reported in recent studies for the Italian region of Lombardy, which experienced one of the largest and most devastating outbreaks in Europe during the first wave of the pandemic, we present a probabilistic model predictive control (PMPC) approach for the systematic study of what if scenarios of social distancing in a retrospective analysis for the first wave of the pandemic in Lombardy. The performance of the proposed PMPC was assessed based on simulations of a compartmental model that was developed to quantify the uncertainty in the level of the asymptomatic cases in the population, and the synergistic effect of social distancing during various activities, and public awareness campaign prompting people to adopt cautious behaviors to reduce the risk of disease transmission. The PMPC takes into account the social mixing effect, i.e. the effect of the various activities in the potential transmission of the disease. The proposed approach demonstrates the utility of a PMPC approach in addressing COVID-19 transmission and implementing public relaxation policies.
Additive Manufacturing of Metal Products via Filler Wire Arc Welding (Review)
Authors: Kuznetsov Maksim , Il'yashchenko Dmitry , Lavrova Elena V. , Verkhoturova Elena , Pavlov Nikolay
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of additive manufacturing and summarizes its development trends. It considers mainstreams of this technology and outlines its methods. The study highlights importance and prospects of the process based on electrode wire arc welding (GMAW and GTAW). It proposes a layered electric arc deposition by a consumable electrode in shielding gases. A peculiarity of this procedure is that a wire is preheated to a temperature of 400-600°С before fed into a zone where metal products are formed. Wire preheating is realized by an additional power supply placed at a distance of 250-400 mm from a wire end to conduct a preheating current. It is suggested this process is suitable for manufacturing metal products in principle. The study has revealed a gradient structure of product walls manufactured using this technology. It is an upper deposited layer only that has a dendrite structure. Layers below it are subject to repeated thermal treatment caused by heat liberation from the upper layer. As a result, a grain tends to the refinement up to 10 μm depth wise. The most important outcome to emerge from the study is that a 4 mm thick frame structure free of defects may be built given that deposition is carried out by a material with a diameter of 1.2 mm in the conditions: current force 120-140А, voltage 22-24 V, deposition rate 300 mm/min.
Investigation of Magnetic Phase Formation in Nickel-Zinc Ferrites by X-Ray Diffraction and Thermal Analysis
Authors: Nikolaev Evgeniy , Lysenko Elena Nikolaevna , Surzhikov Anatoly P. , Kupchishin Anatoliy I.
Published: June 2022

The magnetic spinel phase formation in Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) nickel-zinc ferrite synthesized from mechanically activated NiO-ZnO-Fe2O3 mixture was studied by thermomagnetometry method, X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization analyses. The initial reagents were activated via milling the mixture in a planetary ball mill at 500 and 1000 rpm. The Ni-Zn ferrites were synthesized at 950 °C for 4 hours using the solid-state technology. The correlation between the results obtained using above methods of testing ferrite was revealed. It was found that the magnetic spinel phase concentration in the synthesized samples increases with an increase in the milling energy intensity of mixture. Thus, ferrite obtained from pre-activated at 1000 rpm oxides is characterized by a high concentration of nickel-zinc ferrite in their composition.
Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dynamic Recrystallization of Metastable β Titanium Alloy
Authors: Lv Kun Qi , Cai Wen Hao , Li Zhuang , Nong Zhi Sheng , Zhang Li
Published: June 2022

A novel type of titanium alloy was investigated in this article. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3573 and Ti-3873 titanium alloys were observed and measured after 20% hot deformation, respectively. The results shown that both titanium alloys occurred dynamic recrystallization (DR) during hot deformation. The tensile strength of Ti-3873 titanium alloy was better than that of Ti-3573 titanium alloy. Both titanium alloys have fine secondary α-phase which appeared granular or acicular near the β-grain boundaries or within the β-grain after hot deformation. Better tensile strength (847 MPa) of Ti-3873 titanium alloy is contributed to the higher content of β-phase stable element (Mo). The improvement plasticity (12 %) of Ti-3573 titanium alloy is due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation.
Technical Analysis and Overview of Recent Advances in Materials Science of Polymers, Polymer Composites and Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Chopra Kamal Nain , Walia Ritu
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses in detail Recent Trends in Tribology of Polymers, Polymer Composites and Polymer Nanocomposites, since they have certain properties unachievable with traditional materials. Important commercial materials used have been given. Some unique properties and applications of PPCs have been outlined. Carbon Nanotubes have been discussed in detail. Some explanation of the synthesis and experimental results of Cellulose-based hydrogels as reported in the literature , have been discussed in detail.
How Well a Culturally Adapted Diabetes Self-Management Education Program (DSME) Improves the Glycemic Control and Distress Among Diabetes Patients?
Authors: Anjali M. , Khapre Meenakshi , Kant Ravi , Asha T. J.
Published: June 2022

Diabetes self-management education (DSME), considered as the cornerstone of treatment for all people with diabetes, helps people with diabetes, or newly diagnosed diabetics, learn how to successfully manage their disease. The goal of DSME is to help people practice diabetes self-care behaviors daily and be as healthy as possible.
On Hardy kernels as reproducing kernels
Authors: Oliva-Maza Jesús
Published: June 2022

Hardy kernels are a useful tool to define integral operators on Hilbertian spaces like
$L^2(\mathbb R^+)$
or
$H^2(\mathbb C^+)$
. These kernels entail an algebraic
$L^1$
-structure which is used in this work to study the range spaces of those operators as reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We obtain their reproducing kernels, which in the
$L^2(\mathbb R^+)$
case turn out to be Hardy kernels as well. In the
$H^2(\mathbb C^+)$
scenario, the reproducing kernels are given by holomorphic extensions of Hardy kernels. Other results presented here are theorems of Paley–Wiener type, and a connection with one-sided Hilbert transforms.
Efficacy of vegetable oil extracts for control of insect pests of tomato in Southern Benin
Authors: Sotondji F.A. , Azonkpin S. , Sagbo R.M. , Dannon E.A. , Douro Kpindou O.K. , Chougourou D.C.
Published: June 2022

Pests are a menace to production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in sub-Sahara Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oil extracts of selected common plants for control of pests of tomato in Benin. The study was carried out on the Togba market garden sites in Benin. The botanical pesticides (Tephrosia purpurea, Ricinus communis, Thevetia neriifolia and Cashew Nut Shell Cold Liquid (CNSL cold) were compared with a biological insecticide (Topbio), a synthetic insecticide (Lambda cyhalothrin) and an untreated negative control. The fish model and the generalised linear mixed or fixed effects model were used to explain the number of caterpillars per plot as a function of the products tested during the different plant phases. Tephrosia purpurea oil, cold CNSL, Topbio and lambda cyhalothrin treatments significantly reduced H. armigera, S. littoralis and T. absoluta populations. The average yields of marketable tomato ranged from 7.20 ± 0.89 t ha-1 for the controls and 21.14 ± 3.56 and 20.46±1.98 t ha-1 for the plots treated with Tephrosia purpurea and CNSL cold on tomato, respectively. Plots treated with the synthetic insecticide lambda cyhalothrin gave the best yields (31.15±3.20 t ha-1). Of all the extracts tested, cold extracted CNSL and T. purpurea oil showed very high larvicidal activity at doses of 10%, compared to R. communis and T. neriifolia oil on the farm. The larvicidal activity of the extracts observed at low doses on H. armigera and S. littoralis larvae seems to offer an alternative advantage for the control of tomato pests.
Financial Portfolio Enhancement using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , . Bhoomika , Supreeth MK Jai , BC Sreenivasa
Published: June 2022

A surplus of income over expenditure has created a demand for a variety of investment options, depending on the consumer's appetite for risk, desire for returns, and need for liquidity, among other non-quantifiable characteristics. This gave rise to the concept of a portfolio, which is simply a collection of assets or avenues for investing money, as well as the allocation of funds to each of these assets. Cash, equities, real estate, fixed-income, and commodities are the most prominent of these options. Each avenue has its own set of valuation principles and meets a different set of needs for employers. We are looking at portfolios that include both equities and fixed income for our research. For fixed income, we use an amortized rate that is considered to remain constant over time. The S&P 500 index is made up entirely of stocks. Machine learning is used to choose stocks and distribute capital appropriately. The user's risk profile is taken into account when calculating the fixed income allocation.
Educação em tempos de Covid-19:
Authors: Santos Robson Alves dos , Ferreira Júnior Dionel Barbosa
Published: June 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 explicitou as desigualdades sociais e educacionais em toda parte do mundo, que não são exclusividade do território brasileiro, ocasionando no fechamento das atividades presenciais nas mais de 180 mil escolas, segundo os dados do último Censo Escolar do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), em 2019. A presente pesquisa visa fazer uma análise da formação inicial dos futuros docentes em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa) em meio à pandemia da Covid-19. Através do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), investiga-se como estão sendo desenvolvidas as atividades do programa na modalidade remota, no ano de 2021, salientando os desafios e as dificuldades na formação dos “pibidianos” do curso de Geografia. As metodologias utilizadas foram: a) análise bibliográfica acerca da temática sobre o Pibid e a formação de professores; b) explanação das etapas do programa desenvolvido pelos alunos de Geografia da Unifesspa e c) aplicação e análise dos questionários de opinião respondidos pelos bolsistas do programa. O Pibid tem como objetivo potencializar o processo de formação docente a partir de inúmeras possibilidades, desde elevar a qualidade da formação inicial de professores até a articulação entre teoria e prática.
Palavras-chave
Pibid, Formação docente em Geografia, Covid-19.
 
Educación en tiempos de Covid-19: formación de docentes en Geografía en la Universidad Federal del Sur y Sudeste de Pará (UNIFESSPA) con base en el PIBID
Resumen
La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha puesto de relieve las desigualdades sociales y educativas en todo el mundo, que no son exclusivas del territorio brasileño, provocando el cierre de las actividades presenciales en más de 180.000 escuelas, según datos del último Censo Escolar del Instituto Nacional Instituto de Educación Estudios e Investigaciones Pedagógicas Anísio Teixeira (INEP), en 2019. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la formación inicial de los futuros profesores de Geografía de la Universidad Federal del Sur y Sudeste de Pará (Unifesspa) en medio de la crisis del Covid -19 pandemia. A través del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación a la Docencia (Pibid), se investiga cómo se están realizando las actividades del programa en la modalidad a distancia, en el año 2021, destacando los desafíos y dificultades en la formación de los “pibidianos” de la carrera de Geografía. Las metodologías utilizadas fueron: a) análisis bibliográfico sobre el tema Pibid y la formación docente; b) explicación de las etapas del programa desarrollado por los estudiantes de Geografía de la Unifesspa y c) aplicación y análisis de los cuestionarios de opinión respondidos por los becarios del programa. Pibid pretende potenciar el proceso de formación del profesorado desde numerosas posibilidades, desde elevar la calidad de la formación inicial del profesorado hasta vincular teoría y práctica.
Palabras clave
Pibid, Formación docente en Geografía, Covid-19.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY CONDITION OF THE STRUCTURE OF WELDED JOINTS MADE OF ROTOR STEEL
Authors: Dmytryk V.V. , Skulsky V.Yu. , Kasyanenko I.V. , Vavilov O.V. , Kantor O.G.
Published: June 2022

The solution to the problem of increasing the reliability and service life of the welded joint of the rotor involved obtaining its original structure with improved quality characteristics. Obtaining was achieved by improving the technology of automatic welding. This improvement was based on the performing the welding process on the optimized parameters of the mode, which provided the appropriate temperature regime of the one-piece connection that is made. Thus, the welding heat provided the formation of the original structure with higher quality characteristics in comparison with a similar structure obtained by the normal mode of welding. It was found that austenitic grains in the structure of the heat affected zone of the welded joint, which is heated above АС3, are smaller in size compared to similar grains in the structure of the standard technology. Accordingly, the new decay products of austenite in the area of heat affected zone, which is heated to the temperature range AC1 – AC3, were sorbitol and troostite. Thus, the proposed mode of automatic welding has increased reliability and increased by 10…15% of the life of the rotor.
OPTIMIZATION OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG CHARACTERISTICS FOR IRRADIATING THICK OBJECTS
Authors: Rudychev V.G. , Azarenkov M.O. , Girka I.O. , Rudychev Y.V.
Published: June 2022

The characteristics of bremsstrahlung (BS) irradiated at different angles from a three-layer converter made of Ta, water, and Fe, the electron energy is 7.5 MeV, was investigated. It is shown that Ta thickness increasing leads to increasing of Eav – the average energy of BS, but Eav decrease with increasing BS emitted angle relative to the electron trajectory. It is shown that the depth-dose distribution of the irradiated polyethylene depends on both the incident angle on the surface and the spectral composition of BS. For double-side irradiation, the maximum object thickness depends on the BS angle interval at a fixed dose inhomogeneity DUR. The use of BS filters made of heavy materials was proposed for irradiation of materials requiring high depth-dose uniformity (small DUR values).
CÁC NHÂN TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN VIỆC ÁP DỤNG CÁC BIỆN PHÁP QUẢN LÝ ĐẤT BỀN VỮNG Ở VÙNG CAO CỦA HUYỆN NAM ĐÔNG, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Thành Nguyễn Văn , Hằng Trương Thị , Nguyệt Trần Thị Ánh , Dũng Nguyễn Trọng
Published: June 2022

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng các biện pháp quản lý đất bền vững (QLĐBV) của nông hộ ở vùng cao huyện Nam Đông, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Dữ liệu sơ cấp được thu thập từ phỏng vấn 150 nông hộ bằng bảng hỏi bán cấu trúc. Mô hình logit nhị thức được áp dụng để phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng các biện pháp QLĐBV của nông hộ ở vùng nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy trình độ văn hóa của chủ hộ, mức độ kiến thức của nông hộ về các biện pháp QLĐBV, sự tham gia của nông hộ vào các khóa đào tạo liên quan đến QLĐBV, lợi ích kinh tế và mức độ dễ áp dụng của các biện pháp QLĐBV và khoảng cách từ nhà đến nương rẫy là những nhân tố ảnh hưởng ý nghĩa đến khả năng áp dụng các biện pháp xen canh, luân canh và che tủ đất của nông hộ ở vùng nghiên cứu. Nâng cao kiến ​​thức của nông hộ về các biện pháp QLĐBV, và thúc đẩy họ tham gia các khóa đào tạo lên quan đến lĩnh vực này sẽ cải thiện mức độ áp dụng các biện pháp QLĐBV ở vùng nghiên cứu.
Salient Features of Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
Authors: Sheth Jay K
Published: June 2022

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Government of India published the official notification no G.S.R. 343(E) in the government gazette, dated 28thMarch 2016. With this the new law on biomedical waste called as “Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016” came into force in supersession of the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.

Being an inevitable and inseparable part of our health care industry, it is obligatory for us that we discuss and understand the rule, legal provision as well as its implications. Being very recent, the provisions made in the new rules are not widely known. There are various changes in the new rule. An effort is made here to explain the technical aspects of the law in simpler way, comparing it with the old rule and highlighting on the key changes. Scientific basis for some changes in the rule are also highlighted appropriately. The article is particularly written to make health professionals more aware, well informed and better prepared. The larger interest however is to help & facilitate proper implementation of the rule at all levels.
A review of current strategy for rabies prevention and control in the developing world
Authors: Garg Suneela , Basu Saurav , Dahiya Neha
Published: June 2022

The control of Rabies, a zoonotic viral disease is a major public challenge in several developing countries. Current approaches for rabies control are overwhelmingly directed towards provision of effective post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to animal bite victims. The enormous costs involved in rabies prophylaxis is an important factor precluding its universal application in all animal bite victims especially in those residing in resource constrained settings. The intradermal route of administration has been shown to be cost effective except in peripheral regions with fewer animal bite cases. Nevertheless, rabies control program with their expected emphasis on human rabies prophylaxis have neglected canine vaccination. The feasibility of canine rabies vaccination depends primarily upon allocation of resources through political commitment and effective public private partnerships. However, in large parts of the world including India formal dog ownership constitutes a small minority of the overall canine population while state funded canine vaccination drives often fail to impress policy makers who struggle to maintain budgets for adequate coverage of rabies PEP for animal bite victims. The key to rabies control may therefore rest upon a one health approach with development of newer vaccine technology which is cost effective for vaccination in both, man and animal.
Utilization of maternal health services by the migrant population living in the non-notified slums of Hyderabad city, India
Authors: Geddam Jagjivan Babu , Ponna Satyendra Nath , Kommu Prasad Rao , Kokku Suresh Babu , Mamidi Raja Sriswan , Bontha V Babu
Published: June 2022

Background: Despite increase in accessibility and utilization of maternal health services in the state of Telangana, penetration of these services in vulnerable communities is inadequate. Aims & Objectives: To understand the determinants of utilization of reproductive health services by migrant population living in non-notified slums of Hyderabad city in the Indian state of Telangana. Material & Methods: It is a community based cross sectional study of 761 rural to urban internal migrant mothers with a child of less than 2 years of age residing for a period minimum of 30 days and not more than 10 years. Information was collected for socio demographic details, antenatal care and child delivery. Results: Mothers receiving at least 4 antenatal care visits and institutional deliveries in migrants was 69.6% and 69% respectively, compared to 85.8% and 97% in general population of Hyderabad city. The likelihood of mothers receiving adequate care is 6.7 times higher in mothers with secondary education compared to formal education. The likelihood of institutional delivery is 7.8 times higher in mothers availing adequate antenatal care versus inadequate care and 2.2 times higher in mothers with secondary education versus formal education. Conclusion: Utilization of antenatal care services and promotion of institutional deliveries can be improved by acting on the supply side barriers such as health care infrastructure and demand side barriers such as indirect consumer costs, financial constraints and community engagement
Economic costs of rabies post exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Hardanahalli Ravish Shankaraiah , Annadani Rachana Rajashekhara , Undi Malatesh , Vijayashanakar Veena , Banerjee Rupsa , Mandya Ramya P
Published: June 2022

Background: The highest financial expenditure for Rabies in any country is the cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. The type of vaccine and route of administration, as well as type of immunoglobulin used, all significantly influences the cost of treatment. Aims & Objective: To analyse the direct and indirect cost of the rabies post exposure prophylaxis. Material & Methods: The study was conducted at anti-rabies clinics of Government Hospital, where PEP is provided free of cost and a private medical college hospital, where PEP is provided for a cost. 290 animal bite victims who completed the PEP were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent from the study subjects, data regarding socio-demographic profile, details of animal bite exposure, cost incurred for PEP i.e, direct and indirect cost were collected. Results were expressed as proportions, median and inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3). Results: The total median cost incurred by the bite victims for PEP in Government hospitals was Rs.585 with Q1-Q3 of Rs.444-725 and the cost spent by the government was Rs. 1031; whereas the total cost incurred in private hospital was Rs.5200 with Q1-Q3 of Rs.4900-5701.Conclusion: PEP has a significant economic burden to the bite victims, especially for poor people living of the developing World.
Association between Social Capital and Self-rated Health of Older People in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Rawal Ishita , Kaur Manmeet , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Khanna Poonam , Lakshmi PVM , Kaur Navkiran
Published: June 2022

Background: Social capital reflect the degree of social cohesion in communities. Although studies have shown that social capital influences health, there is limited understanding about the role of social capital on physical and mental health of older people in India.  Aims & Objectives: To assess the association between social capital and self-rated health among older people. Material &Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 older people selected from 1563 households in urban and rural Chandigarh District. Standardized tools were used to measure social capital (Global Social Capital Survey) and self-rated health (SF-36). The association between social capital and physical and mental health dimensions of self-rated health was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Participants’ mean age was 68.1 years (SD 7.6); about half were women. The mean total social capital score was 45.5 (SD 11.9). The mean physical and mental health dimensions of self-rated health scores were 1027.7 (SD 252.5) and 1416.9 (SD 487.7), respectively. Social capital was found to be a significant predictor of mental health dimension of self-rated health. Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of physical health dimension of self-rated health. Conclusion: Social capital influences mental health of older people. Interventions to improve social capital, in terms of strengthening relationships with family members and other social networks, can contribute to improving mental health of older people.
Prevalence & Practice of Self-Medication in Ernakulum District, southern India
Authors: Paul Nimitha , Suseela Rakesh Purushothama Bhat , Francis Paul Therattil , Kamalamma Leelamoni
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Self-medication can lead to many problems and has many concerns associated with it including development of drug resistance. The objectives of the current study were to assess the prevalence of self-medication practices among people residing in selected urban and rural areas of Ernakulam district, to assess the pattern of use of self-medications and to determine the differences, if any, between the rural, urban and slum population in the prevalence and pattern of use of self-medications

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted and 539 individuals from urban, rural and urban slums of Ernakulam district, Kerala were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was tabulated in MS Excel and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 15. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to summarize the data. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the factors associated with self-medication

Results

In the study, 21.5% (114/539) reported that they practised self-medication within last three months. Major indications for self-medication were aches and pain (28.9%), fever (22.8%) and chronic diseases (13.7%). Among those who practised self-medication, 6.1% (7/114) used antibiotics. In the final logistic regression model, being in urban area [urban areas (OR 5.8, 95% CI 3.2-10.4), urban slums (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.4)] and increasing age groups [18-59 years (OR 2.1 95% CI 1.1-3.8) and more than 60 years (OR 3.2 95% CI 1.6-6.5)] were associated with self-medication practices.

Conclusion

Holistic approach should be taken to prevent the problem of self-medications, which includes proper awareness and education to public, improving access to care and regulation of pharmacies regarding sale of drugs.
An Epidemiological follow-up study of unpasteurized milk exposure from Rabid Cattle in a village of India
Authors: Modi Anjali , Kosambiya Settings Jayendra , Gautam Sushil , Deliwala Mehul , Chawda Bansari , Gamit Amit
Published: June 2022

Background: Possibility of acquiring rabies due to consumption of unboiled milk exists and specific research documenting containment plan for such epidemics does not exist. Vaccination policies and specific criteria need to be decided for such vulnerable groups. Material & Methods: A longitudinal follow-up study of 146 persons after consumption of milk form rabid buffalo was done for four years from 2012 to 2016 in village situated on western coast of India. Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was provided to exposed population according to WHO Essen regimen. Results: Early identification and PEP was possible due to coordination between health and medical services, medical education and veterinary departments. Among 146 at risk people, PEP for four doses was completed by 89% and five doses by 71% respectively. No untoward events related to rabies were reported after four years surveillance. The community participation in surveillance and vaccine uptake was backbone of outbreak containment plan. Timely reporting of laboratory confirmed cattle death helped to identify potential impounding outbreak. Conclusions: Addition of intradermal regimen PEP to people exposed to unpasteurised/unboiled milk from rabid cattle should be done to existing guidelines for emergency situations to prevent panic, vaccine costs and rabies epidemic among community.
Appropriateness of Hemoglobin Cut Off’s for Defining Anemia
Authors: Kapil Radhika
Published: June 2022

The use of the hemoglobin cut-off points permits the identification of populations at greatest risk of anemia. The reference cut off’s of Hb also facilitates the monitoring and assessment of progress towards preventing and controlling iron deficiency. These cut off’s also provides the scientific basis for advocacy for the prevention of anemia. There has been continued discussion about the appropriateness of the Cut Off’s used to define anaemia and their applicability to different populations, which has implications for epidemiological surveillance, monitoring, and targeting (1,2).

Haemoglobin concentration is affected by physiological characteristics such as age, sex, and pregnancy status, as well as environmental factors such as smoking and altitude. Several studies have shown that the population distribution of haemoglobin is lower in black people than in white people (1,3,4). Only a few studies from low-income and middle-income countries have, however, examined the applicability of the WHO cut off’s to other populations (4,5).

The haemoglobin cut-offs presented in Table-1 are used to diagnose anaemia in individuals in a screening or clinical setting.
Challenges in management of tuberculosis under programmatic conditions: Perceptions of health care providers from four states of India
Authors: Babu Ranjith , Kathirvel Soundappan , Anand Tanu , Chadha Sarabjit
Published: June 2022

Background: Among the global estimation of 10.4 million new cases of Tuberculosis (TB) in 2015, 27% of cases are contributed by India. Revised national TB control program (RNTCP) started in 1993, and now heading towards for universal access. Despite its achievements, the program faces number of implementation challenges. This qualitative study explored ‘what is healthcare providers take on it?’. Material & Methods: A total of 28 in-depth interviews were conducted in Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Delhi and Maharashtra from October 2014 to January 2015, under the thematic areas of finance, human resource, and communications. Participants included senior level policy makers like principal secretaries of health, National Health Mission Directors, Director Health Services, state TB officers and district TB officers, medical officers, community volunteers and TB consultants from international agencies. Analytic induction method was used for data analysis. Results: Participants identified many barriers in the overall management and implementation of RNTCP. Convergence of RNTCP needs to be more effective. Inadequate Human resources, issues in public private partnership, insufficient budget allocation and interrupted fund flow, inefficient Information Education and Communication strategy are a few. Conclusion: This study could gather the perspectives of senior health officials, implementers and other stakeholders on challenges in implementation of TB control programme in four states. Challenges perceived by them are vital in strategic revisions of RNTCP.