bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functioning of Rice Bran Market in Kishoreganj District, Bangladesh: Focused on Market Structure, Conduct and Performance
Authors: SA Rina , M Moniruzzaman , MM Khatun
Published: November 2022

The commercial rice bran industry in Bangladesh has experienced remarkable growth in the last decade and it continues to grow. However, lack of a wellcoordinated marketing system of agriculture products remains a major constraint in further development of the industry. The focus of the study, therefore, was to assess the structure, conduct and performance of the rice bran market in Kishoreganj district in order to elucidate the performance of the marketing system before any interventions are made to change the existing conditions. The data for the study was sourced from both primary and secondary sources. The study employed descriptive statistics and Gini coefficient to determine the degree of rice bran market concentration in the study area. The gross margin, marketing margin and marketing efficiency was used to measure the performance of the rice bran market in Kishoreganj district. The results of the study showed that the Gini coefficient was 0.495 and 0.493 for wholesalers and retailers respectively, indicating a highly concentrated market hence an oligopoly market structure. The conduct of the market participants, which reflects the behavior of the firms or the decision that firms make relating to their pricing and output policy and other competitive practices, revealed that among rice miller, the two forms of terms of sale were contract selling 10 percent and spot market selling 90 percent. Further, the study found that rice miller attained the highest gross margin of TK 191,000 followed by wholesalers and retailers with TK 10,300 and TK 3,100 respectively. The marketing margin revealed that retailers attained the highest marketing margin of 11 percent while wholesalers had 10 percent. In conclusion, rice bran production and trading in Kishoreganj district is profitable but not to a satisfactory state due to lack of collusive behavior among market participants and availability of market information. The study, therefore, recommends that the Government of Bangladesh should integrated agricultural marketing information system which is linked to rice millers, wholesalers, retailers and final farmers in order to avoid exploitation of high prices.
Parameters and Influences for an Evaluation System of Trafficability of Vehicles on Terrain
Authors: CIBULOVA Klara , PRIESNER Martin
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the investigation of parameters and influences for the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles through the terrain. Trafficability is one of the main aspects to ensure the movement of own troops, which falls into the main task of the Engineer troops - combat and general engineering support for all types of activities and operations of the army. Trafficability is the ability of a vehicle to move in rough terrain or on damaged roads and depends on many factors. The most used tool for determining trafficability in the Czech Army is the penetrometer. It is the PT-45 penetrometer, which is described in the Žen 2-16 Military Roads and Ways and the main evaluation criterion is the weight of the vehicle. Within the framework of international cooperation, soldiers encounter the manual FM 5-430-00-1 Design and design of roads, airports and heliports during events on the battlefield - road design, which works with a cone penetrometer and evaluates the throughput of the vehicle based on other factors such as properties of tires, ground clearance, engine power, etc. Inaccurate or incorrect evaluation leads not only to a stop the engagement of individual vehicles, but the entire convoy, which in terms of the operational task stops the manoeuvre and may lead to failure of the order. Therefore, it is important to know what parameters and influences have a fundamental influence on the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles, whether it would not be appropriate to add other aspects that will lead to higher accuracy of measurement, or, conversely, to exclude some. In solving this task, the authors decided to use the above-mentioned manuals and their evaluation systems. The objectives of the paper were achieved by analysis and calculations of individual parameters listed in these regulations, which affect the trafficability through the terrain, so that the degree of dependence is determined. It was found that some parameters have a major impact on trafficability and it is necessary to take into account even a slight change in these values. In contrast, other parameters are negligible as a result. These calculations confirm the suitability of updating the evaluation system for the telescopic penetrometer PT-45 to determine the trafficability of vehicles, so that it is possible to obtain more accurate results of measured values of the Czech army in the performance of tasks.
Military Organization’s Role and Place in the Recent Russia (Russian Militocracy)
Authors: PETRAITIS Daivis
Published: November 2022

Military could perform different roles in a state. In democracies civilian control and supervise of the military leaves it acting in the defense areas mostly. In military juntas, the military is involved in a state governing, but usually does not intervene other spheres of social life. The extreme of military influence and domination is a military state phenomenon. Here the military not only leads the governing but also transferes its values, culture and philosophy to the entire state. There have been military states in the past but what we see today in a majority of cases are military juntas. Russia under Putin rule is different. The military here is becoming a leading pover, a provider of ideas and a realizer of tasks. It is loved and admired by Russian elites and is spreading own culture and values to all society. Some time ago, Russian experts analyzing a process of military infiltration into administrative and political areas of statehood named this as a militocracy. Now militocracy is expanding, the military organization is penetrating country’s leadership minds and hearts and moving the entire state to a status where social, cultural and economical and other spheres of life become dominated by military with the military mindset prevailing. The military values and institutional characteristics become dominative as well. The state become almost a military state. This situation became possible due to Russian military organization remaining a Prussian military type creature with specific philosophy, values, working culture, etc. To succed in domination and secure achievements, the military organization worked out an entire system of programs and actions allowing not only regaining a power but strenghen own positions. Next to a physical infiltration of the military personnel into other social groups, those actions also include designing and applying a military “Modus of Operandi” in the state governing, spreading military mindset, culture, values to the nation and participating in a creation new Russian elites.
The Impact of Disciplinary Action for Crime Prevention
Authors: PURKIN Tobias
Published: November 2022

The objective of the research is to analyze if the change of disciplinary action has any impact in the number of disciplinary cases within the Swedish international operations. In the period between the two Swedish international operations in Congo (1960´s) and Bosnia (1990´s), the law changed from being able to place errant soldiers under arrest to being able to punish only by payroll deduction. The results show that the number of cases decreased in Congo but increased in Bosnia.
Some Current Approaches to the CAF Chemical Corps Potential Employment in Operations for Elimination of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Authors: OTŘÍSAL Pavel , MIKA Otakar Jiri
Published: November 2022

Important role in the implementation of a proactive approach represents operations dedicated to elimination of weapons of mass destruction. It is obvious that if trained and adequately equipped military forces carried out an operation to eliminate weapons of mass destruction, it significantly reduces the need to organize extensive CBRN defence measures for military forces or protection of civilians. Measures to implement the tasks of defence against weapons of mass destruction (CBRN defence) recently change. The security environment influences the perception and attitude of the Alliance to address global problems associated with state or non-state ownership of weapons of mass destruction. The focus of the Chemical Corps is gradually expanding from the current passive (reactive) approach to proactive approach.
Military Human Potential in the Context of Defence-Growth Relationship: Evidence from the Baltic States
Authors: DUDZEVIČIŪTĖ Gitana
Published: November 2022

Contemporary studies show that military power depends not only on manpower, weapons, or resources, but in many cases, success on the battlefield is determined by the potential of human capital, including knowledge, skills, competences, and other capacities [1; 2]. Using a cost-based approach, the author focuses on the input side assessing military human capital potential in the context of defence expenditure – economic development nexus in the Baltic countries, such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The investigation covers the period between 2004 and 2020. Defence expenditure on personnel has been used as a proxy for military human capital potential, and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for economic development. Research is carried out using econometric methods, including Spearman’s correlation analysis and Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM). The research results reveal that investments in military personnel have significant and positive impact on economic development in the Baltic states. Defence expenditure on personnel explains 63.7 percent of variation in real GDP per capita in Lithuania, 71.3 percent in Latvia, and 63.4 percent in Estonia. The author hopes that the findings of the investigation will extend the scope of research across the Baltic States and will be useful for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 8, economic g rowth).
Network Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: ZAGORODNA Nataliya , STADNYK Mariia , LYPA Borys , GAVRYLOV Mykola , KOZAK Ruslan
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the result of the study of network intrusion detection using machine learning algorithms. The creation and training of such algorithms is seriously limited by the small number of actual datasets available for public access. The CSE-CIC-IDS2018 data set, used in research, includes 7 subsets of different attack scenarios. Each subset is labeled using a few subtypes of a given attack or normal behavior. That is why the problem of network attack detection has been considered a multiclassification problem. Some of the most popular classifiers will be tested on the chosen data set. Classification algorithms are developed using a standard Python programming environment and the specialized machine learning library Scikit-learn. In the paper, a comparative analysis of the results was performed based on the the application of Random Forest, XGBoost, LR, and MLP classifiers.
A Devastating Tornado in Moravia in 2021
Authors: MIKA Otakar Jiří , OTŘÍSAL Pavel
Published: November 2022

This article deals primarily with the protection of the population in the Czech Republic, as it is a very important security area of the highest priority. The population protection system in the Czech Republic is briefly explained, which has been fully under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic since 2001, but a number of other central administrative authorities (ministries, special institutes and institutions, research institutes) are also involved in its implementation. In addition to legal standards and implementation decrees, the Czech Republic security strategy and the concept of population protection are also presented. A separate part is devoted to the last valid Population Protection Concept from 2021, and it is emphasized here that the concept places great importance on the population’s preparedness for dealing with extraordinary events and crisis situations. The Model Action Activity of the Integrated Rescue System in the Czech Republic is presented in the next section. Although many model action activities have already been published in the Czech Republic, unfortunately such a safety management plan has not yet been published for the extremely hazardous natural disaster „Tornado“. This subsection briefly explains how the Intergreted Rescue system intervenes in emergency and crisis situations. A separate part is devoted to the hazardous and strong tornado in Moravia in 2021, where a total of 6 people lost their lives and another 200 were injured, many were hospitalized. Material damage after the tornado’s rampage climbed to dizzying heights. The wave of solidarity with the affected population has reached unprecedented proportions not only in the Czech Republic. At the end of the contribution, the authors present their own proposal for the future, how to continue working in this area, from the preparation and convening of a national security conference in the Czech Republic to the preparation and publication of the Model Action Activity of the Integrated Rescue System in the Czech Republic in the disaster event of a tornado.
Budaya Ngopi Masyarakat Kota Santri Jombang
Authors: Lestari Neni Dwi , Indriastuti Yudiana
Published: November 2022

Coffee or coffee is a rich activity of individuals, from young to old, from student to employee. Nowadays coffee or coffee activities have developed a sense of meaning in the cultural context. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive by applying methods of data collection through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data collection, presentation, data reduction, and deduction drawing. The purpose of this study is to understand and understand the perceptions of the coffee culture by the people of the town of santri jombang. The result of this study is that the senior citizens of the jombang are aware of the cultural coffee culture of ancient times, where the coffee culture undergoes development and has a wide range of meaning for each individual, from the coffee culture to the need of each individual as a social being, as a means of entertainment, and so on. While the coffee culture has undergone social development and changes, it is essentially the same goal for each individual to interact with another person to shed all feelings experienced, even though the meaning of coffee is to drink coffee, not all of them buy coffee, can even be non-coffee. They are simply looking for a comfortable place to have a relaxed, free chat. Talking helps to blow things up.

Keywords: Coffee culture, perception, social communication, social change
Studi Literatur Tanggapan Masyarakat terhadap Viralnya Fenomena Citayam Fashion Week di Tiktok
Authors: Sapitri Widiya Okta , Lubis Fardiah Oktariani , Lubis Flori Mardiani
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to determine the public's response to the viral phenomenon of Citayam Fashion Week on Tiktok. This goal is motivated by the phenomenon of CFW becoming widespread and taking advantage of the Indonesian people. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, then the data collection technique is in the form of a literature study that contains various kinds of references, both journal articles, articles, notes, and the results of previous research which data and information will be studied further. the results of the research contained in this study in the form of the Citayam Fashion Week phenomenon which is being discussed in the community has its own view. There are many people who see this phenomenon from what point of view. If we draw further from the existence of this phenomenon, its existence in Indonesia is very unique because it is still new and people need to adapt because of it. It can be seen from all aspects that it has its own positive and negative impacts. Back again to each individual who controls this CFW phenomenon.

 Keywords: Citayam Fashion Week, Phenomenon, Tiktok
Xi Jinping kínai államelnök-pártfőtitkár első tíz éve I. : A megörökölt helyzet és a belpolitikai intézkedések
Authors: Salát Gergely
Published: November 2022

A nemrég pártfőtitkárnak újraválasztott Xi Jinping egy évtizede áll Kína élén, s ezen tíz év alatt jelentős változások történtek Kína belső és külső helyzetében. A jelen kétrészes tanulmány az elmúlt évtized legfontosabb fejleményeit, a Xi Jinping által végrehajtott legjelentősebb változtatásokat mutatja be. Az első rész azzal a helyzettel, illetve azokkal a megoldandó problémákkal foglalkozik, amelyeket Xi Jinping 2012-ben megörökölt. Bemutatja továbbá, hogy milyen hatalompolitikai lépéseket tett Xi, amelyekkel mind a saját pozícióját, mind a Kínai Kommunista Pártnak a társadalom és a gazdaság feletti kontrollját megerősítette.
Xi Jinping kínai államelnök-pártfőtitkár első tíz éve II. : Szakpolitikai intézkedések és külpolitikai fejlemények
Authors: Salát Gergely
Published: November 2022

A nemrég pártfőtitkárnak újraválasztott Xi Jinping egy évtizede áll Kína élén, s ezen tíz év alatt jelentős változások történtek Kína belső és külső helyzetében. A jelen kétrészes tanulmány az elmúlt évtized legfontosabb fejleményeit, a Xi Jinping által végrehajtott legjelentősebb változtatásokat mutatja be. Az átvett örökséggel és a hatalmi politikai lépésekkel foglalkozó első rész után a második rész azt vizsgálja, hogy a Xi Jinping-korszak milyen változásokat hozott a kínai gazdasággal, társadalommal, környezetvédelemmel és kutatás-fejlesztéssel kapcsolatos politikában, miként kezelte a kormányzat a Covid–19-járványt, illetve milyen külpolitikai környezet és lépések jellemezték az elmúlt évtizedet.
Скорости фильтрации в области отжима материалов
Authors: Хуррамов Ш. Р.
Published: November 2022

Определены аналитические зависимости, описывающие закономерности изменения скоростей фильтрации в области отжима. Установлено, что скорость фильтрации   жидкости   вдоль оси абсцисс на   границах   зоны сжатия равна нулю, а внутри зоны принимает отрицательные значения. Выявлено, что скорости фильтрации жидкости вдоль оси ординат и полярного угла равны нулю в начале зоны сжатия, возрастают до максимума в одной точке, лежащей на линии центров, а в зоне восстановления деформации зависят от угла, определяющего положение точки, где жидкость меняет направление.
Методика получения композиции для защитного олеофобного покрытия в материалах
Authors: Кадиров Т. Ж. , Чориева M. M. , Нигматова Ф. У. , Мансурова M. A.
Published: November 2022

В статье приведены основные характеристики композитных материалов, используемых для покрытия текстильных материалов. Предложена новая эффективная композиция для получения олефобного покрытия, включающая мас.ч.: поливинилхлорид-100, диоктилфталат 36-44, дополнительный пластификатор сложный эфир основе олеиновой кислоты и изоамилового спирта 12-16, минеральный наполнитель 28-32, стабилизатор Na – соль полимера   6-хлор, 2-оксо, 3-бензоксазолилметил (мет)акрилата 0,1-0,3, олеофобизатор  винилэтинилдигидроксихлорсилан 0,1-0,5,  и пигмент 0,09-0,13, которая обеспечивает повышение качества спецодежды и ее стойкость к действиям масел, жиров и углеводородов.
Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Based on Bonferroni Mean Operators under Square Root Fuzzy Set Environment
Authors: Radenovic Stojan , Ali Wajid , Shaheen Tanzeela , Haq Iftikhar Ul , Akram Faraz , Toor Hamza
Published: November 2022

The intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), which has a membership and non-membership degree, is a controlling and effective device for dealingwith fuzziness and uncertainty. Recently,the square root fuzzy set which is one of the efficient generalizations of an IFS for dealing with uncertainty and haziness in information has beenintroduced. In this study, a novel method for multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) based on SR-fuzzy information isinvestigated. Since aggregation operators are significant in the decision-making (DM) process, to achievethis goal, the current paper suggests a variety of novel Bonferroni mean and weighted Bonferroni mean operators to aggregate the SR-fuzzy values for the various decision-maker preferences. To achieve this goal, the current paper suggests a variety of novel Bonferroni mean and weighted Bonferroni mean operators to aggregate the SR-fuzzy values for the various decision-maker preferences. SR-fuzzyBonferroni mean operator and weighted SR-fuzzy Bonferroni mean operator are established and their properties are described. Then, we constructed a MADM approach using the proposed operators for the SR-fuzzyinformation and proved the approach with a mathematical example. Inthe end, a comparative study ofthe developed and existing approaches has been discussed to evaluate the pertinency and practicality of the proposed DM technique.
 
Received: 24 August 2022 | Revised: 21 October 2022 | Accepted: 1 November 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Ruhsal Hastalığı Olan Bireylerin Yardım Arama Davranışları
Authors: GÖKTAŞ Ahmet , BULDUKOĞLU Kadriye
Published: November 2022

Ruhsal hastalıklar birey, aile ve toplumu olumsuz etkileyen, Türkiye’de ve dünyada işlevsellik kaybına ve yeti yitimine sebep olan önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Ruhsal hastalığı olan bireyler kendi inancına ve içinde yaşadığı kültürel değerlere göre hastalığa bir anlam yüklemektedir. Her toplumun sahip olduğu kültürel değerleri ve inancı farklılık gösterdiği için ruhsal hastalığa verilen anlam da toplumdan topluma farklılık göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, bireylerin ruhsal hastalık durumunda sergiledikleri yardım arama davranışları da farklılık göstermektedir. Hastaların yardım arama davranışları sağlık kuruluşlarına başvuru şeklinde olabildiği gibi tıp dışı şifacılara, falcılara, üfürükçülere başvurma şeklinde de olabilmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, bu derleme çalışmasının amacı ruhsal hastalığı olan bireylerin yardım arama davranışlarını ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele almaktır.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital Elements on the Job Performance of Employees Working in the Food and Beverage Industry: An Application in Konya Province
Authors: TURPCU Eray , PEKERŞEN Yeliz , SARITAŞ Emre
Published: November 2022

Beyin gücü ve bilgi dünyada yaşanan hızlı değişim süreci sonucunda fiziki gücün yerini almıştır. İşletmelerin sahip olduğu değer sadece finansal varlıklarla ölçülmeyip, bilgi, kalifiye işgücü ve tecrübe gibi entelektüel sermaye unsurlarıyla da değerlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Konya ilinde yiyecek-içecek sektöründe çalışan işgörenlerin entelektüel sermaye algıları ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, araştırmanın amacına uygun Konya ilinde evreni temsil edebilecek işgörenlere toplam 470 adet anket formu dağıtılmış olup, geçerli 390 adet anket formu verilerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan anket ile beraber işgörenlerin demografik özellikleri belirlenmiş, entelektüel sermaye algılarını belirlemek için entelektüel sermaye ölçeği ve iş performansı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çalışan işgörenlerin demografik özelliklerinin entelektüel sermaye unsurlarına ait algıları ve iş performansı tespit edilmiş, anlamlı ve anlamsız çıkan farklılıklar t-testi ve varyans analizi yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçekler arası ilişkiler incelendiğinde ise, çalışan işgörenlerin entelektüel sermaye algılarının iş performansını orta düzeyde pozitif yönde etkilediği ve bu etkinin yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda % 29,7 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Evolución del capital social en redes interorganizacionales de productores ganaderos de la Argentina y Brasil
Authors: Scoponi Liliana , Fernandes Pacheco Dias Marcelo , Pires Hartwig Cynthia
Published: November 2022

Este estudio persigue identificar los cambios ocurridos en los vínculos entre los participantes de redes de productores de carne vacuna de la Argentina y Brasil, así como analizar la evolución del capital social bonding (de unión), bridging (puente) y linking (de enlace) mediante una perspectiva de proceso basada en la teoría de eventos, escasamente aplicada en estudios empíricos latinoamericanos. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria, cualitativa y longitudinal, y se emplearon estudios de caso a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis documental. Considerando la alta tasa de fracasos, se analizaron dos experiencias de redes horizontales exitosas: un grupo del Programa Cambio Rural del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agrope-cuaria en la Argentina y una red CITE (Centro de Integração e Troca de Experiências) en Brasil. En ambas redes fue posible confirmar un equilibrio en el tiempo entre los lazos bonding, bridging y linking. La red brasileña evidenció ambidestreza después de una menor cantidad de eventos con mayor heterogeneidad de lazos puente.
La artista chilena Sara Malvar y la vanguardia
Authors: Améstica Patricio Lizama
Published: November 2022

La artista chilena Sara Malvar y la vanguardia.
Rot-Grün steht auf Bio
Authors: Schirmacher Henrike
Published: November 2022

Berlin. SPD und Grüne in Niedersachsen haben am Dienstag in Hannover ihren Koalitionsvertrag vorgestellt. Der alte und neue Ministerpräsident Stephan Weil (SPD) sagte, er wisse, dass die Situation für Landwirt:innen nicht leicht sei.
Dinkel erobert die Walzenstühle
Authors: Schultz Olaf
Published: November 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Der Müllereisektor ist hierzulande weiter in Bewegung. Die Betriebe werden produktiver. Die Getreidearten zeigen unterschiedliche Trends in der Verarbeitung.
„Die Mittel können unterstützend wirken“
Authors: Hofnagel Dagmar
Published: November 2022

Sie steigern die Vitalität der Pflanze und schützen sie vor Stress. Seit gut fünf Jahren setzt Dr. Lutz Beplate-Haarstrich auf seinem Betrieb im niedersächsischen Suderburg Biostimulanzien ein. Bei Kartoffeln registriert er leicht höhere Erträge. Die Schalenqualität beschreibt er als besser.
Smarte Technologie treibt Börsenwert
Authors: Dänzer Dieter
Published: November 2022

FRANKFURT a.M. Die agrarzeitung (az) traf den President Agricultural & Turf Division von John Deere, Markwart von Pentz, in Mannheim.
Negociación colectiva y previsión social complementaria: ¿cerco a los viejos «premios de jubilación», oportunidad para los «planes de pensiones de empleo»?
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: November 2022

La negociación colectiva en el empleo público ha venido estableciendo incentivos para anticipar la jubilación (premios de jubilación). Las últimas reformas legales en el ámbito de las pensiones públicas incentivan, en cambio, el retraso en la edad de jubilación. En consecuencia, estos premios de jubilación contrastan con las políticas legales, aunque no son ilegales. En este escenario cambiante, los premios de jubilación están siendo sometidos a una conflictividad muy intensa en sede judicial. En este análisis se da cuenta de esta conflictividad judicial, y la incertidumbre jurídica creada, y se plantea como alternativa futura la sustitución de los premios de jubilación por la promoción de planes de pensiones del sistema de empleo, que gozan hoy del favor legal, con importantes beneficios fiscales para las empresas y también mejoras para las personas trabajadoras.
Stay-at-home myopia among school children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sallam Moataz A , Mohammed Mohammed A , Karrar Mohamed M , Ghoneim Ehab M
Published: November 2022

Background: Uncorrected myopia represents a major cause of visual disability in children, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. However, there is still debate about the effect of e-learning and “stay-at-home” guidelines on the refractive status of school children, especially in the absence of long-term follow-up data. This study aimed to assess the impact of stay-at-home enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic on myopia development or progression in students in the Suez Canal Area, Egypt.

Methods: This longitudinal observational study included 1650 students. All students aged 8–15 years with visual complaints, who had attended routine annual vision checks since 2018, were enrolled and assessed annually for myopia development and progression until 2021. Cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), corneal curvature, and uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity were measured. The participants were administered a questionnaire that focused mainly on collecting information on their visual habits.

Results: Our study included 3,300 eyes of 1,650 school students with myopia during the 4-year study period from 2018 to 2021. The mean cycloplegic spherical equivalents (CSE) were - 1.02, - 1.52, - 2.00, and - 3.50 diopters (D) in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. This myopic shift in CSE over time was significant (P < 0.001). The average keratometric reading (Avg K) increased significantly during the follow-up period (P < 0.001). The Avg K measurements were 42.32, 42.62, 43.02, and 44.19 D in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The changes in Avg K were significant (P < 0.001). The mean AL measurements were 22.53, 22.59, 22.69, and 22.71 mm in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Although statistically significant (P < 0.001), changes in AL were clinically insignificant throughout the study period. The mean durations spent on electronic devices at home were 2.12, 2.46, 3.10, and 6.00 hours in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The changes over time were significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, studying at home accelerated the degree of refraction toward myopia in school children in Egypt. Further studies are needed to assess the academic performance of students with progressive myopia.
Binocular vision parameters in handloom silk weavers
Authors: Sundaravadivel Divyalakshmi , Bangalore Muniyappa Shanmugham Deepa
Published: November 2022

Background: Focusing the gaze for prolonged periods on a fixed distance demands high visual efficiency in handloom silk weavers and might result in various accommodative and vergence dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to assess accommodative and vergence parameters and determine the frequency of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVAs) among handloom silk weavers.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited voluntary handloom silk weavers from the Government-aided Society of Arignar Anna Silk Co-op Society K.H.-1, Kanchipuram, aged 20–39 years. All participants underwent preliminary visual examinations and comprehensive binocular vision testing of accommodative and vergence parameters. Sensory evaluation was performed using stereopsis testing and the Worth 4 Dot test. Motor evaluation included the ocular motility assessment, heterophoria checks for distance and near, near point of convergence, negative and positive fusional vergences for distance and near, vergence facility, negative and positive relative accommodations, both monocular and binocular near points of accommodation, and accommodative facility. The monocular estimate method was used to determine the accommodative response. Quantitative data are expressed as mean (standard deviation [SD]), and qualitative data are expressed as frequency (percentage).

Results: We recruited a total of 72 weavers, including 41 (56.9%) men and, 31 (43.1%) women with mean (SD) age, working hours, and work experience of 34.15 (4.12) years, 9 (2.5) h/day, and 17.5 (6.9) years, respectively. Of the 29 (40.3%) weavers with a refractive error, 18 (25%) had astigmatism; seven (9.7%) had myopia; and four (5.6%) had hyperopia. Of the 72 weavers, 38 (52.8%) presented with NSBVAs, including 13 (18.1%) with accommodative dysfunctions, 11 (15.3%) with vergence dysfunctions, and 14 (19.4%) with combined accommodative and vergence dysfunctions. Accommodative insufficiency was the most prevalent dysfunction among all NSBVAs. Overall, 57 (79.2%) patients reported vision-related symptoms during their weaving hours, all with NSBVAs (n = 38), 19 with normal parameters in the binocular vision test, and 15 with no symptoms.

Conclusions: The frequency of NSBVAs was high among handloom silk weavers compared to the literature. This implies a need for comprehensive binocular vision examination for people in this occupation to rule out NSBVAs for improving their quality of life and occupational productivity. Future large-scale studies are required to determine the exact NSBVAs prevalence among workers of this near vision-related occupation.
Unilateral asymptomatic optic disc edema: do not forget sinusitis
Authors: Jacob Sajeev Cherian , Kalikivayi Lavanya , Kalikivayi Venkataramana
Published: November 2022

Background: Optic disc edema is a pathological condition with various causes. Cases of optic disc swelling should be dealt with a multidisciplinary approach to rule out those causes. Unilateral optic disc edema is seen in papillitis, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal vein occlusion, and infection or inflammation of the contiguous sinus or orbit. Here, we report a rare case of unilateral asymptomatic optic disc edema due to posterior ethmoid sinusitis.  

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old man presented for a routine 3-monthly follow-up after an uneventful cataract surgery of the right eye. All examinations were unremarkable, except for the right eye optic disc edema on fundus examination, consistent with an enlarged blind spot in the visual field test. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed mucosal thickening with muco-inflammatory exudates of the posterior ethmoidal sinus overriding the optic disc on the right side, leading to optic disc edema of the right eye. The patient was diagnosed with unilateral asymptomatic optic disc edema in the right eye due to posterior ethmoid sinusitis and referred to an otorhinolaryngologist for the management. The otorhinolaryngologist performed functional endoscopic sinus surgery and prescribed antibiotics and anti-histamines for 6 weeks. At the final examination, his visual acuity was 6/6, and the fundus examination revealed no optic disc edema.

Conclusions: We reported a rare case of unilateral optic nerve edema and visual field loss with a treatable cause. Contemporary imaging provided the accurate diagnosis. Therefore, in cases of disc edema, sinusitis of the adjacent paranasal sinuses should be ruled out as a possible cause of compressive optic neuropathy or inflammation overriding the optic nerve.
Mayo, 1979
Authors: Anaya Eugenio C.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 450-452.
advenimiento de la sociedad post-agricola
Authors: Ebel Ronald H.
Published: November 2022

El autor nos ofrece en este breve artículo un interesante análisis de nuestras sociedades y de los elementos que intervienen en su configuración. Después de describirlas en su realidad actual, hace una extrapolación hacia el futuro, basado en las tendencias actuales. Al leer el artículo pareciera que no es tanto una predicción para el futuro, sino más bien que el futuro ya ha comenzado, tal como el autor lo describe, y que la Sociedad Post-Agrícola ya estaría en su fase de colapso, al menos en lo que se refiere a El Salvador. Pero si lo que describe es el futuro, el horizonte se presenta aterrador.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 413-418.
"crisis de los algodoneros"
Authors: R. R.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 429-431.
enfrentamiento bloque popular revolucionario-gobierno en el mes de mayo
Authors: M. B.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 440-442.
Fuerzas sociales y cambio social en El Salvador
Authors: López Vallecillos Italo
Published: November 2022

El autor describe y analiza las tendencias de la clase dominante al interior del Estado, de 1948 al presente, y las formas de ejercicio del poder económico y político. Estudia la posición de las clases subordinadas y dominadas en sus respuestas al modelo de acumulación y a las instancias políticas a las que han apelado para convertirse en sujetos históricos del proceso social del país. El papel del ejército, las universidades, la iglesia, los partidos políticos forma parte del trabajo que tipifica la crisis de hegemonía del sector dominante y la crisis política y de legitimidad del bloque en el poder. La polarización de fuerzas sociales actuales y sus perspectivas de alianza a mediano plazo constituye un interesante punto de discusión de la problemática nacional salvadoreña.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 556-590.
¿Por qué tanta violencia?
Authors: Achaerandio Luis
Published: November 2022

La violencia es una lacra social entre nosotros. En este artículo se discuten sus causas y sus mecanismos. Después de una breve introducción sobre la agresividad heredada y la agresividad aprendida, se analiza el papel socializante de nuestra descaminada sociedad que, no sólo inicia y educa a los niños y jóvenes para ser agresivos, sino que además los envuelve, durante toda la vida, en un ambiente de constantes estímulos desencadenantes de la violencia. Se expone también la psicodinámica de la agresividad ante los tratamientos aversivos de origen-social desde las perspectivas de la frustración, de la percepción y de algunos mecanismos de defensa. Después de una reflexión sobre la agresión entre grupos, se alude a la violencia sádica. No se insiste en soluciones para mitigar la agresividad, suponiendo que el lector reflexivo puede deducirlas por sí mismo.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 632-646.
Occupational exposure to flour dust and the associated respiratory outcomes among workers at a selected flour mill in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Hoopdeo Savanah
Published: November 2022

Flour dust is a hazardous substance and refers to the particles that are created when cereals or non-cereal grains are milled finely. Research shows that excessive inhalation of flour dust is linked to various adverse respiratory health effects – however, most of this research has been conducted internationally. This study aims to determine the associated respiratory outcomes with occupational exposure to flour dust, further adding to the limited South African literature in this field. The focus of this study is at a flour mill located in the Phoenix Industrial Park, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at one point in time. The study sourced quantitative data. A sample size of 63 employees was selected from a total population size of 70 using the simple random sampling strategy, in which the margin of error was set at 5%. This study sought to determine the respiratory health of employees in a flour mill, to analyse retrospective spirometry data from medical records of employees at the flour mill, to identify factors contributing to increased exposure to flour dust and to determine the relationship between occupational exposure to flour dust and the associated respiratory outcomes, using retrospective spirometry data and occupational hygiene reports. This study has established a strong relationship between site of work (which determines the level of exposure to flour dust) and the prevalence of respiratory issues. Retrospective environmental monitoring reports have highlighted the departments which presented consistently high flour dust levels, namely, the milling, packing and maintenance departments. Unsurprisingly, these departments also reported a higher prevalence of breathing complications, chest tightness, rhinitis, dry cough, and conjunctivitis as well as reduced mean Forced Expiratory Value per 1 second/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) values - highlighting that the department played a role in adverse respiratory effects. The Coronavirus pandemic increased mask usage, therefore, FEV1/FVC values were slightly better in 2020 when compared to those of 2019. Evidence has revealed that apart from the level of exposure to flour dust, other factors are shown to have influenced results, such as, age, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) awareness and training, novel Coronavirus pandemic, duration of employment, smoking habits, mixing departments and a lack of a flour dust Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL).
An assessment of the marketing strategies used by Homeopathic Practitioners in the eThekwini Municipality
Authors:   , Gumbi Sandile Oswald
Published: November 2022

Homeopathy has been practised in South Africa for over 100 years, but thevast majority of South Africans have never heard of it. Only a small number of SouthAfricans use homeopathy, and it is largely unknown to many South Africans becauseit is only available through private health care, with only 20%of the populationestimated to belong to private healthcare schemes. There has been no study to examine the utilisation of marketing strategiestopromote homeopathy. A recent study at the University of Johannesburgreflectedthat students were not aware of homeopathy and the reason behindthiswasbecause of the lack of promotion and marketing of homeopathy. This researchinvestigates the marketing strategies used by practicing homeopaths intheeThekwini municipality area. The study aimed to determine the marketingstrategiesused and to evaluate successful application of these marketing strategies for patient acquisition. Furthermore, the study investigated the homeopathic practitioners’ attitudes towards the marketing strategies used to market homeopathic services. Data was gathered using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 participantsover a period of 45 minutes. The sampling used in this qualitative studywaspurposive and snowball sampling. The study followed a constructivismparadigm. After the study was completed, the researcher used qualitative thematicdataanalysis, which enabled the researcher to reach certain findings. The study results revealed four themes word-of-mouth, aversion to theuseof marketing, additional services are the key method of differentiation in themarket, and electronic word-of-mouth. The study made several important recommendations for marketing homeopathicpractices, the main one being that training and meetings on marketing shouldbeprovided by the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa (AHPCSA) topractitioners in order to assist them in understanding what is and is not allowedinmarketing. In conclusion, there was a need to assess the marketing strategies that areusedbyhomeopaths for acquiring new customers, as studies have indicated that theinabilityto obtain new patients is due to poor awareness of homeopathy, which canleadtothe failure in growth of their practices. This research has revealed that thereisalackof understanding of what marketing is and its application in the healthcarespacebyboth the practitioners
KEPUASAN PASIEN TERHADAP LAYANAN KEPERAWATAN MASA PANDEMI DI PUSKESMAS UMBAN SARI PEKANBARU
Authors: Efliani Destria , Amin Suci
Published: November 2022

The high mortality rate in Indonesia is influenced by the presence of comorbidities that are positive for the coronavirus, vulnerable age, and inadequate health facilities. Coupled with government policies such as physical distancing and PSBB to deal with COVID-19, for some people it has negative impacts such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with nursing services during the pandemic at the Umban Sari Health Center Pekanbaru. This study used a quantitative method, where the quantitative method used was non-experimental, with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study was 230 respondents. The sample in this study were 65 respondents. The technique used in sampling is purposive sampling, which is a sampling technique based on the criteria of the researcher. The results of the study were obtained between patient satisfaction with nursing services for the sake of good health as many as 27 respondents (54.0%). The results of statistical tests using chi-square showed that there was patient satisfaction with pandemic nursing services at the Umban Sari Public Health Center Pekanbaru (p = 0.001). It is hoped that the Umban Sari Pekanbaru Public Health Center will maintain the quality of nursing services during the pandemic.
FAKTOR MELATARBELAKANGI LANSIA MEMILIH TINGGAL DI PANTI JOMPO DARUSSA’ADAH LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Iqbal Muhammad , Rahayu Maulita
Published: November 2022

Elderly who choose to live in nursing homes because the children of the elderly already have their own families so that the elderly are sometimes alone at home alone or do not have partners anymore because they have died, therefore the elderly need more care and attention in nursing homes. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors behind the elderly choosing to live in the Darussa'adah Nursing Home in Gampong Cot Girek, Lhokseumawe City. The research design is descriptive correlation with a population of 36 respondents and a sample of 36 respondents using total sampling. This research was conducted on 09 to 12 July 2021. The results showed that there was a relationship between family factors (P = 0.007), socialization factors (P = 0.001), family problems (P = 0.001), factors no one paid attention to (P = 0.001) P = 0.018), the factor does not want to bother the family (P = 0.014), the self-experience reflection factor (P = 0.005), and the economic factor (P = 0.006) with the elderly choosing to live in the Darussa'adah Nursing Home in Gampong Cot Girek, Lhokseumawe City. 2021. It is recommended for the orphanage to invite elderly families to make regular family visits once a week so that the elderly do not feel alone and lonely.
Cephalometric Analysis of Sphenoid Sinus Dimensions for Sex Identification: A Radiologic Study
Authors: Abdulhameed Aliu , Zagga Abdullahi D.
Published: November 2022

Background: Post-mortem identification of human remains with severe crushing and mutilating skeletal injuries from mass burials and natural disasters, is a challenging forensic procedure. Gender determination from skeletal remains requires a comparison between established ante-mortem data and post-mortem findings from mostly intact, easily recoverable parts of the skeleton, like the skull base sphenoid bone. Computed tomography, being the gold standard for radiological assessment of the paranasal sinuses, offers accurate and precise information about skeletal tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the sex of subjects from measurements of the sphenoid sinus using computerized tomography. Materials and Methods: Computerised tomography images of 323 adult sphenoid sinuses, obtained over a six-year period, from individuals whose ages ranged from 18 to 80 years were recruited, and the study was conducted at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, following ethical approval. Images were taken with a GE Brightspeed Multidetector Helical CT Scanner, the anteroposterior, craniocaudal and transverse dimensions were measured on sagittal reformatted, axial and coronal reconstructed CT images respectively, and the volumes were determined. Measurements were taken in millimetres, between the widest points at the middle of the sinus walls from three-dimensional reconstructed images using the RadiAnt Version 4.2 (Medixant, 2017), powered by the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) viewer software. These images were viewed on bone windows. Results: Sinus volume and the transverse diameter, each correctly classified the sexes of subjects, in 60.4% of cases. However, when all the measured parameters of the sinus were analysed together as a single factor for sex determination, an overall value of 57.6% was obtained. Conclusion: Computerized Tomography measurements of sphenoid sinus dimensions could be useful in support of gender identification in unknown severely damaged human remains with speared sphenoid bone. Keywords: Sex, Sphenoid, CT, Forensic Anthropology