bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limitations and Biases in the Retrieval of the Polar Magnetic Field. I. The Role of the Magnetic Filling Factor in Milne–Eddington Inversions of Simulated Hinode/SP Data
Authors: Centeno Rebecca , Milić Ivan , Rempel Matthias , Nitta Nariaki V. , Sun Xudong
Published: June 2023

We study the extent to which Milne–Eddington inversions are able to retrieve and characterize the magnetic landscape of the solar poles from observations by the spectropolarimeter on board Hinode. In particular, we evaluate whether a variable magnetic filling factor is an adequate modeling technique for retrieving the intrinsic magnetic properties from every pixel in the polar field of view. We first generate synthetic spectra emerging from a numerical simulation of a “plage” region at an inclined line of sight of 65°, and degrade the data to emulate real observations. Then, we invert the synthetic spectra with two Milne–Eddington inversion codes that feature different treatments of the magnetic filling factor, and relate the retrieved magnetic quantities back to their original values in the simulation cube. We find that, while the apparent retrieved magnetic properties map the spatially degraded simulation well, the intrinsic magnetic quantities bear little relation to the magnetic field at the native resolution of the simulation. We discuss the systematic biases caused by line-of-sight foreshortening, spatial degradation, photon noise, and modeling assumptions embedded in the inversion algorithm.
Revisiting the Properties of X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei in the SSA22 Protocluster: Normal Supermassive Black Hole and Host-galaxy Growth for AGNs in a z = 3.09 Overdensity
Authors: Monson Erik B. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Lehmer Bret D. , Alexander David M. , Harrison Chris M. , Kubo Mariko , Saez Cristian , Umehata Hideki
Published: June 2023

We analyze the physical properties of eight X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and one candidate protoquasar system (ADF22A1) in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster by fitting their X-ray-to-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using our SED-fitting code, Lightning (https://www.github.com/rafaeleufrasio/lightning). We recover star formation histories (SFHs) for seven of these systems which are well fit by composite stellar population plus AGN models. We find indications that four out of nine of the SSA22 AGN systems we study have host galaxies below the main sequence, with SFR/SFRMS ≤ −0.4. The remaining SSA22 systems, including ADF22A1, are consistent with obscured supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in star-forming galaxies. We estimate the SMBH accretion rates and masses, and compare the properties and SFHs of the nine protocluster AGN systems with X-ray-detected AGN candidates in the Chandra Deep Fields (CDF), finding that the distributions of SMBH growth rates, star formation rates (SFRs), SMBH masses, and stellar masses for the protocluster AGNs are consistent with field AGNs. We constrain the ratio between the sample-averaged SSA22 SMBH mass and CDF SMBH mass to <1.41. While the AGNs are located near the density peaks of the protocluster, we find no statistically significant trends between the AGN or host-galaxy properties and their location in the protocluster. We interpret the similarity of the protocluster and field AGN populations together with existing results as suggesting that the protocluster and field AGNs coevolve with their hosts in the same ways, while AGN-triggering events are more likely in the protocluster.
Constraints on the Gamma-Ray Emission from Small Solar System Bodies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
Authors: De Gaetano S. , Di Venere L. , Gargano F. , Loparco F. , Lorusso L. , Mazziotta M. N. , Panzarini G. , Pillera R. , Serini D.
Published: June 2023

All known small solar system bodies have diameters between a few meters and a few thousands of kilometers. Based on the collisional evolution of solar system bodies, a larger number of asteroids with diameters down to ∼2 m is thought to exist. As all solar system bodies, small bodies can be passive sources of high-energy gamma-rays, produced by the interaction of energetic cosmic rays impinging on their surfaces. Since the majority of known asteroids are in orbits between Mars and Jupiter (in a region known as the Main Belt), we expect them to produce a diffuse emission close to the ecliptic plane. In this work, we have studied the gamma-ray emission coming from the ecliptic using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite. We have fit the results with simulations of the gamma-ray intensity at the source level (calculated with the software FLUKA) to constrain the small solar system bodies population. Finally, we have proposed a model describing the distribution of asteroid sizes and we have used the LAT data to constrain the gamma-ray emission expected from this model and, in turn, on the model itself.
Elemental Abundances in M31: Individual and Coadded Spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] throughout the M31 Halo with SPLASH
Authors: Wojno J. Leigh , Gilbert Karoline M. , Kirby Evan N. , Escala Ivanna , Guhathakurta Puragra , Beaton Rachael L. , Kalirai Jason , Chiba Masashi , Majewski Steven R.
Published: June 2023

We present spectroscopic chemical abundances of red giant branch stars in Andromeda (M31), using medium-resolution (R ∼ 6000) spectra obtained via the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda’s Stellar Halo survey. In addition to individual chemical abundances, we coadd low signal-to-noise ratio spectra of stars to obtain a high enough signal to measure average [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] abundances. We obtain individual and coadded measurements for [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] for M31 halo stars, covering a range of 9–180 kpc in projected radius from the center of M31. With these measurements, we greatly increase the number of outer halo (R
proj > 50 kpc) M31 stars with spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], adding abundance measurements for 45 individual stars and 33 coadds from a pool of an additional 174 stars. We measure the spectroscopic metallicity ([Fe/H]) gradient, finding a negative radial gradient of −0.0084 ± 0.0008 for all stars in the halo, consistent with gradient measurements obtained using photometric metallicities. Using the first measurements of [α/Fe] for M31 halo stars covering a large range of projected radii, we find a positive gradient (+0.0027 ± 0.0005) in [α/Fe] as a function of projected radius. We also explore the distribution in [Fe/H]–[α/Fe] space as a function of projected radius for both individual and coadded measurements in the smooth halo, and compare these measurements to those stars potentially associated with substructure. These spectroscopic abundance distributions add to existing evidence that M31 has had an appreciably different formation and merger history compared to our own Galaxy.
Data-constrained Solar Modeling with GX Simulator
Authors: Nita Gelu M. , Fleishman Gregory D. , Kuznetsov Alexey A. , Anfinogentov Sergey A. , Stupishin Alexey G. , Kontar Eduard P. , Schonfeld Samuel J. , Klimchuk James A. , Gary Dale E.
Published: June 2023

To facilitate the study of solar flares and active regions, we have created a modeling framework, the freely distributed GX Simulator IDL package, that combines 3D magnetic and plasma structures with thermal and nonthermal models of the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. Its object-based modular architecture, which runs on Windows, Mac, and Unix/Linux platforms, offers the ability to either import 3D density and temperature distribution models, or to assign numerically defined coronal or chromospheric temperatures and densities, or their distributions, to each individual voxel. GX Simulator can apply parametric heating models involving average properties of the magnetic field lines crossing a given voxel, as well as compute and investigate the spatial and spectral properties of radio, (sub)millimeter, EUV, and X-ray emissions calculated from the model, and quantitatively compare them with observations. The package includes a fully automatic model production pipeline that, based on minimal users input, downloads the required SDO/HMI vector magnetic field data, performs potential or nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, populates the magnetic field skeleton with parameterized heated plasma coronal models that assume either steady-state or impulsive plasma heating, and generates non-LTE density and temperature distribution models of the chromosphere that are constrained by photospheric measurements. The standardized models produced by this pipeline may be further customized through specialized IDL scripts, or a set of interactive tools provided by the graphical user interface. Here, we describe the GX Simulator framework and its applications.
Effects of lithotomy and prone positions on hemodynamic parameters, respiratory mechanics, and arterial oxygenation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy performed under general anesthesia
Authors: Yucepur Serkan , Kepekci Ali Bestami , Erbin Akif , Ozenc Ecder
Published: June 2023

Aim: The position of the body during surgery may affect the patient’s body functions, especially the hemodynamic parameters. We aimed to comparatively analyze the effects of lithotomy and prone position on respiratory mechanics, arterial oxygenation, and hemodynamic parameters in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).

Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients aged 16-63 years who underwent kidney stone surgery. The patients had no history of diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease and had an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score of I–II. The pH, partial arterial oxygen pressure, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure, HCO3, arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), alveolar oxygen partial pressure, dead space volume/tidal volume ratio, P(A-a)O2, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), inspiratory plateau airway pressure (PPlt), systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate (HR) values were assessed simultaneously throughout the surgery and comparatively analyzed both for lithotomy and prone positions.

Results: There was a significant difference between lithotomy and prone positions with regard to pH and HCO3 values, which are among the arterial blood gas parameters measured at 20 minutes (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between lithotomy and prone positions with regard to EtCO2,PIP, PPlt, and HR measured at 20 minutes (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.05, respectively).

Conclusions: The prone position decreased dynamic and static compliance and increased the PIP and PPlt values in patients undergoing PNL. However, these changes do not have a negative effect on the hemodynamic parameters in low-risk patients.
Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes)
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Li Xin , Chen Wan-Hao , Liang Jian-Dong , Han Yan-Feng
Published: June 2023

As China’s urbanisation continues to advance, more people are choosing to live in cities. However, this trend has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem. For instance, the accumulation of keratin-rich substrates in urban habitats has led to an increase in keratinophilic microbes. Despite this, there is still a limited amount of research on the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in urban areas. Fortunately, our group has conducted in-depth investigations into this topic since 2015. Through our research, we have discovered a significant amount of keratinophilic fungi in soil samples collected from various urban areas in China. In this study, we have identified and characterised 18 new species through the integration of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. These findings reveal the presence of numerous unexplored fungal taxa in urban habitats, emphasising the need for further taxonomic research in urban China.
Integral viability analysis of entrepreneurial projects in critical contexts: Application to the case of the management of a shea mill in Kumbungu, Ghana
Authors: Guijarro Ester , Castro Aitana , Fernández-Baldor Álvaro
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This research presents a methodological proposal to analyse the viability of entrepreneurial projects in critical contexts of developing countries.Design/methodology/approach: The methodological proposal is applied to a case study on the integral viability analysis of a shea mill in Kumbungu (Ghana). Based on a qualitative design, different ad hoc participatory tools are implemented, such as a daily routine schedule, combined with other research techniques (focus groups, interviews, etc.).Findings: The proposal includes ten specific steps to analyse the viability of entrepreneurial projects. It involves, on the one hand, the active participation of the members of the community in order to be able to make a real analysis of their needs; and, on the other hand, an integrating analysis that allows evaluating the sustainability of the project from an economic, social and technological perspective. The methodology is applied to the start-up and management of a shea butter mill in Ghana. Some core aspects are highlighted: 1) people are considered key when making decisions, thus participatory tools (such as the daily routines workshop) can be essential in ensuring the sustainability of the enterprise; 2) the need to adapt the tools to the context. This is crucial in contexts such as Ghana, where language may be a barrier or because the illiteracy rate is high. And 3) from the methodology, it is concluded that it is necessary to prioritise the sustainability of the enterprise in general, not just efficiency.Originality/value: The research combines the classic tools of business viability analysis with those of development cooperation. In this sense, it is proposed to carry out an integral viability analysis that includes not only the economic sustainability of the project, but also the social and technological aspects and, more important, where the active participation of all the stakeholders is considered.
Understanding Global Shifts, Social Welfare, and Development—Unevenness in a Globalized World
Authors: Powell Jason
Published: June 2023

Social and economic inequalities are both significant and important issues in the study of globalization, while global forces have widened their consequences such as unleashing poverty and gender imbalances in terms of equality. The reasons lie in the reformulation of economic power associated with burgeoning free-market economies and accompanying diffusion of instrumental rationality, commoditization, and secularism. In contrast to the economic downturn and global softening of labor markets, which call for greater social protection, the welfare state has been replaced by a “non-sovereign power” wary of its global positioning but less powerful in shaping daily lives of its populace among social forces including the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). However, nation-states still serve important functions in a globe dominated by transnational corporate interests. With few options and having to make controversial choices, welfare provision has seen trends towards the commodification of social welfare whilst globalization is affecting social contracts across nation-states. This paper critically engages in these challenges to governance and development, and assesses how social welfare has been redefined and extended while many populations become embedded in greater forms of poverty creating unevenness across nation-states.
Fiscal Federalism and Local Public Utility Policy in the Conditions of Uncertainty by the Energy Crisis
Authors: Đurović Todorović Jadranka , Đorđević Marina , Ristić Cakić Milica
Published: June 2023

Public utility service providers are expected to perform positively, with reduced prices and without losses that could put pressure on the local self-government budget. The global energy crisis has had negative impacts on public utility services in the Republic of Serbia. Many public companies, including those in the heating sector, have faced operational problems and rising business costs. The local self-governments, however, are obligated to ensure the availability of utility products and the distribution and supply of heating to their citizens. By considering the fundamental features of fiscal federalism, this chapter will analyze the pricing strategy of the heating company in Leskovac. The main objective of the work is to examine the impact of increasing energy prices on heating prices. Based on the results and indicators, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are given for further research in the field of operations of public utility companies with the aim of overcoming the consequences of the energy crisis as easily as possible.
Phytoremediation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Authors: Golubović Tatjana D. , Ilić Sreten
Published: June 2023

Waste disposal is one of the main environmental problems facing society today. Environmental impacts of solid waste landfilling include loss of land area, contamination of soil, leaching of hazardous substances to groundwater, as well as emissions of methane to the atmosphere. The world generates over 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) each year, with at least 33% of that not managed in an environmentally safe manner. In many developed countries, municipal solid wastes (MSW) are dumped in sanitary landfills, while in many developing countries, they are dumped in an inappropriate way which poses a serious threat to the environment. The deficiency of land and the requirement for reuse of the landfill sites demand their rehabilitation. In recent years, phytoremediation has been used as an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technology in the remediation and rehabilitation of contaminated sites, including municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills.
Academic and Research Information Sharing Through Social Media and Networks Among Autonomous Arts and Science Colleges in Chennai, India
Authors: Palanivel K.
Published: June 2023

The study analyses the academic and research information share through social medias and networks among autonomous arts and science colleges in Chennai, India. The study portrays out of 302 respondents, 149 (49.3%) from female respondents, and 153 (50.7%) responses from male respondents. The p value of the variables Google scholar and Onsite.com, Prospect.com are less than 0.05, at the 5% level of significance. Hence null hypotheses for these variables are accepted. There is a no significant association between the age group of the respondents and their use of Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Prospect.com, as the p value is more than the significant level of 0.05.
User Attitudes on Social Media Among the Research Scholars With Social Science Backgrounds in the Universitie
Authors: Pitchaipandi P.
Published: June 2023

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the influences of demographics and social media site preferences. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 23 statistical analysis software package. The results of the study were obtained by applying the normality test, for simple percentage analyses on the obtained data. When the chi-square analysis between the opinions of social science scholars concerning the level of use of social media and the level of use of academic research was examined, a positive and significant analysis was found between them. The sample comprised 623 social science scholars. The numbers of this study were: male 335 (53.8%) and female 288 (46.2%), 13.0%, and 12.9% of respondents preferred WhatsApp at Annamalai University. 12.0% of the respondents prefer YouTube from Alagappa University.
Inclusion Through E-Learning in Karachi
Authors: Akhtar Sana , Khanam Farhat
Published: June 2023

A global consensus has been developed that COVID-19 pandemic has hit hard all domains of life including education. It is realized that learning losses will exacerbate the consequent effects due to school closures to prevent mass spread of the coronavirus. International organizations like UNESCO, UNICEF, and WHO issued advisories to governments all around the world. In Pakistan, there are a number of issues faced by all stakeholders both in planning and receiving of learning via online methods. The chapter is an effort to examine possible strategies that can be opted as an emergency plan for both learning and therapeutic services for children with special needs.
Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge
Authors: Ratković Nebojša , Rudinac Nevena
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this chapter is to showcase how Wikipedia, as the largest free encyclopedia, can be used as a didactic tool to bridge the gap in accessibility of knowledge and information and promote equity. The focus is on introducing one of the Wikimedia Serbia projects, the Professional Development of Teachers project and accredited seminars for teachers. This project aimed at educating teachers from various provincial towns to work independently to implement Wiki-projects, such as Wikipedia, in their institutions to help their students to gain access to the knowledge they cannot access otherwise and teach them how to approach online information in the correct manner. The results show that the participants of accredited seminars for teachers generally have a positive attitude towards the use of Wikipedia in teaching by motivating them to work with students and develop different projects, and that the use of Wikipedia in teaching contributes to the promotion of equity in access to open knowledge.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Teaching and Learning
Authors: McClure Heather H. , Vincent Claudia G. , Svanks Rita , Reiley Darren C. , Marquez Brion
Published: June 2023

The authors present United States high school personnel perspectives on providing social support and academic instruction through a comprehensive distance learning (CDL) model during the COVID-19 pandemic. They use grounded theory methods to analyze focus group data and an iterative coding process to assess convergence and divergence of the data. Results highlight magnified disparities in students' access to distance-learning, the impacts of teachers' various social and technological connection strategies, teachers' ongoing integration of restorative practices, students' academic motivation, challenges with key components of instructional effectiveness, and the benefits of balancing social and academic supports. The authors provide recommendations for promoting equitable student engagement and motivation by tailoring academic content to students' lived experiences, re-evaluating assessment, and integrating social-emotional and academic supports at the high school level.
Digital Technology Affordances in Hybrid Learning Environments
Authors: Guo Chengxin , Mahat Marian
Published: June 2023

Digital technology is one of the key drivers for the design of new generation learning environments in higher education. However, the affordances of digital technology, in the way it is perceived and actualised by educators and learners are not clearly understood. Drawing on a narrative critical review, this chapter discusses digital technology affordances in a particular context of hybrid learning environments in higher education. It advances a conceptual framework that illustrates the connection between the three key elements of educational digital technology, affordances, and hybrid learning, which could be used to explore and investigate these concepts more clearly and effectively. The chapter concludes by discussing important developments and implications that build an understanding of the use and actualisation of digital technology in higher education, which could have a potential sustainable impact on design practices and student learning outcomes.
Smart Pedagogy and Advanced Technology Support in Higher Education
Authors: Hang Bui Thi Thuy , Kaur Amrita
Published: June 2023

Smart technologies, modern equipment, hardware, and software systems have created unprecedented opportunities for education and training institutions to take new approaches to teaching and the provision of educational services. The concept of smart university and related concepts such as smart learning environment, smart education, smart pedagogy, and smart learners are becoming buzzwords and widely adopted by universities. This chapter presents a comprehensive description of the smart university concept and its components. It presents the findings of an assessment of a smart university model at Hanoi University of Science and Technology against the established components of a smart university. The study utilizes quantitative and qualitative surveys of 535 students from the Hanoi University of Science and Technology in Vietnam. Investigation of these factors provided an assessment of the current initiative and paved a path for the future development of technological infrastructure and support.
International Collaboration in the Delivery of an Online Course
Authors: Cumming Therese , Mathur Sarup R. , Puckett Kathleen , Gilanyi Lisa
Published: June 2023

Employers increasingly expect new employees to be globally literate. This has raised the expectations of university students, who now expect a culturally diverse and internationally focused education experience. One of the ways that this can be accomplished is through the offering of online international collaborative courses. Inter-university international teaching and learning allow both students and teaching staff to engage with diverse viewpoints in practice and learning, while gaining exposure to a globally diverse experience. The authors explore these courses and their advantages and disadvantages and illustrate this form of course delivery through a case study involving a pre-existing partnership between two leading international universities.
Redesigning Blended Courses Using the Universal Design for Learning Framework
Authors: Nseibo Kofi , Samuels Chantal , McKenzie Judith , Small Janet , Karisa Amani , Butler Lauren , van Tonder Kristin
Published: June 2023

In striving to make education more inclusive to all students, partly because of the student protests and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning, the University of Cape Town (UCT) is developing models for blended learning that can improve students' learning and success. This intent directs the Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching to lead in a Redesigning Blended Courses project supported by Including Disability in Education in Africa research unit, on the use of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a flexible approach with multiple learning pathways. This chapter reports on the inclusive teaching and learning practices that were adopted for a course in Disability Studies drawing upon the UDL framework. The Disability Studies short course is presented as a case study for implementing and promoting the inclusion of students with disabilities for access, participation, and success. The authors consider the development of a contextually relevant understanding of UDL, recognising the power of the framework to integrate inclusive practices in teaching.
Training in UDL for Teacher Educators in Developing Countries
Authors: Bhan Sujata , Panshikar Apoorva
Published: June 2023

A six-hour online workshop on universal design for learning (UDL) was conducted for teacher educators from Nigeria, Tanzania, Bhutan, and India as part of a project undertaken by Tata Institute of Social Sciences. The one-group pre- and post-test study aimed at understanding whether the teacher educators, after the training, understand the principles of UDL and use that learning to evaluate the accessibility of open educational resources (OERs) with the lens of UDL. The chapter describes and discusses the research findings.
Cognitive Developmental Approaches Toward Inclusive Education
Authors: Tatematsu Eiko
Published: June 2023

Informal assessments were conducted in individualized learning settings, and its significance was examined from a cognitive developmental perspective. First, three students aged 8-9 who had no or few words were given the learning by after-school day service staff. They showed qualitatively different attitudes to the educational materials according to each cognitive development. Second, once-a-month homebound intervention was performed by author for a 5-year-old boy without intellectual disability, who had strong behavior disturbance and drawing difficulty. When learning refusal was strong, it was effective to adjust the approach going back to the early cognitive developmental stage shown by above three cases with few words. After one year and five months, he enrolled in a regular school. Now, at the end of the first grade, he still enjoys going to school and has begun writing some essays with a little support. It is suggested that focusing on early cognitive development affected his motivation to learn.
Practices in Inclusive Settings at K-12 Classrooms and Higher Education in USA
Authors: Singh Delar Kour , Miller April D. , Stultz Sherry L. , Kessinger Michael W.
Published: June 2023

This chapter focuses on inclusion of students with disabilities in educational settings as practiced in the USA. It discusses federal legislation such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that has been instrumental in heralding inclusion in the USA. The K-12 schools and institutions of higher education include in their programs students with various disabilities such as learning disability and autism. Some of the inclusion strategies implemented in K-12 settings are Individualized Education Plans, Section 504 Plans, and Universal Design for Learning. In higher education, efforts have been made to remove structural barriers, provide testing accommodations, instructional accommodations, modify policies, provide online class materials, allow service animals and emotional support animals on campus. For students with intellectual disabilities, Think College, a recent option to inclusive higher education, has been picking up momentum. Despite all efforts, inclusion in education has barriers that need to be addressed for the benefit of all.
Inclusive Education Initiatives and Future Prospects in Japan
Authors: Koreeda Kiyoji
Published: June 2023

In recent years, Japan has implemented significant changes to its special needs education system in compliance with the 2014 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This chapter explores the current state and issues pertaining to comprehensive, inclusive education in Japan. The author also discussed the significance and challenges of developing inclusive education through a field survey and interviews with elementary and high schools that practice a full inclusive education system. In addition, two school principals, teachers, and educational consultants from the boards of education took part in these interviews. As part of the primary school survey, the focus was on a sixth grader who requires dedicated medical care, while the secondary school survey was based on the endeavored shift to universal design for learning (UDL). Subsequently, a prospective prognosis for inclusive education in Japan is presented based on the findings.
Support for Students With Disabilities at Japanese Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Sueyoshi Ayaka , Masayoshi Tsuge
Published: June 2023

Many students with disabilities study at institutions of higher education in Japan. In this chapter, the authors elucidate the experiences of students with disabilities and the domestic legislation that guarantees their learning. It also examines specific examples of accommodation for students with disabilities and the support provided for them. Furthermore, the authors discuss the creation of learning environments based on a universal design and offer examples of individual educational support. Career support for students is also covered as support other than study. Based on the author's past practice, a case study of a reflection interview for a student with autism spectrum disorder is presented. At the end of this chapter, the authors find that in order to create an environment in which diverse students can freely study while demonstrating their abilities in higher education, it is important to support not only the students themselves but also the faculty and staff who support them.
Percepção de professores de uma escola pública sobre a saúde mental dos escolares adolescentes
Authors: Tavares Claudia Mara Melo , Silva Thiago Nogueira , Gomes Aline Dias , Rebello Marcelle Ignácio , Tavares Marilei de Melo
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: O sofrimento psíquico entre os adolescentes tem aumentado e estratégias de promoção à saúde mental podem ser desenvolvidas na escola onde o objetivo é descrever as demandas emocionais de escolares percebidas pelos professores e o apoio realizado. Métodos: Pesquisa Sociopoética com nove professores do ensino médio. Resultados: Tópicos de análise: “Automutilação dos adolescentes como problema recorrente na escola”, “Necessidade de capacitação dos professores para o apoio emocional ao adolescente” e “Medidas de proteção engendradas pela escola”. Conclusões: Atividades lúdicas, recreativas e artísticas são potentes para a promoção da saúde mental do adolescente, podendo ser implantadas por meio da parceria escola-serviço de saúde.
All-on-Four Case Rehabilitated with Fully Digitally Fabricated Prosthesis Milled from Graphene-Reinforced Poly Methyl Methacrylate Puck Using Indigenously Developed Intraoral and Extraoral Scanning Methods
Authors: Maddikunta Anil Goud , Vaish Siddharth
Published: June 2023

Digital dentistry is disruptive to conventional methods for performing prosthetic rehabilitation. Fabrication of prosthesis for all-on-four implants involves multiple steps when done conventionally and is prone to error. The use of digital technologies such as intraoral scanners (IOS) and extraoral scanners can marginalize these errors and also reduce the chairside time. This clinical report outlined a method which used a conjunction of extraoral and IOS to collect data for implant position, soft tissue profile, and vertical and centric relations. These data were then combined and used to fabricate a hybrid denture for the patient. The hybrid denture was milled from graphene-reinforced poly methyl methacrylate puck which provided the advantages of monobloc prosthesis and the material advantages of graphene. The entire prosthetic rehabilitation was completed within three appointments.
The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Amoxicillin and Mangifera indica L. Leaves Extract on Oral Pathogens
Authors: Soesanto Sheila , Hepziba Evangelista Rachel , Yasnill  , Widyarman Armelia Sari
Published: June 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of amoxicillin combined with extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Materials and Methods:

This was an experimental laboratory in vitro study with a posttest-only control group design. An antibacterial test using the plate count method and an antibiofilm test using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method were conducted. The research samples comprised extract of M. indica L. leaves with a concentration of 100%; amoxicillin and extract concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%; and amoxicillin. Dimethyl sulfoxide served as a negative control and co-amoxiclav served as a positive control.

Results:

The combination of amoxicillin and the extract exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. aureus at a concentration of 12.5% and higher and more effective than co-amoxiclac P. gingivalis at a concentration of 3.125% and higher. In the antibiofilm test, the combination of amoxicillin and the extract at a concentration of 25% after 1 h of incubation and a concentration of 6.25% after 3 h of incubation inhibited S. aureus. The inhibition of S. aureus biofilms at a concentration of 100% after 24 h of incubation was as effective as that of co-amoxiclav. The extract at a concentration of 25% over the entire incubation period showed more potent inhibition against the P. gingivalis biofilm than co-amoxiclav.

Conclusions:

The ethanolic extract of M. indica L. leaves and the combination of amoxicillin and the extract have the potential to inhibit the growth and formation of S. aureus and P. gingivalis biofilms.
Association of Serum Interleukin-10 Level with Glycemic Status to Predict Glycemic Alteration with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
Authors: Ikbal S. K. Aziz , Gupta Sanjay , Tiwari Vandana , Dhinsa Gurpreet , Verma Neelu
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

Studies showed bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis (CPD) and diabetes. This study was conducted to estimate the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with CPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate the association of serum IL-10 levels with glycemic status and to evaluate the influence of periodontal inflammation on glycemic control.

Setting and Design:

A cross-sectional observational study.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty patients were divided into four groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: T2DM without chronic periodontitis, Group 3: chronic periodontitis only (CPD), and Group 4: T2DM with chronic periodontitis (CPD). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, random blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded for categorizing patients into aforestated groups. Serum IL-10 level was measured by ELISA kit.

Statistical Analysis Used:

ANOVA statistics and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed for comparing individual groups.

Results:

IL-10 was detected lowest in Group 3 followed by Group 4. Highest level of IL-10 was found in the healthy group then in Group 2.

Conclusion:

IL-10 levels have an inverse relationship with HbA1c. Lowest level of IL-10 in CPD dictates periodontal inflammation itself influences in regulating serum IL-10 level and poor glycemic control. Serum IL-10 level may be one of the predictors of glycemia.
First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of a B Cell– and Monocyte-Based Immunotherapeutic Vaccine against HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jung Minkyu , Lee Jii Bum , Kim Hyo Song , Kwon Woo Sun , Kim Hyun Ok , Kim Sinyoung , Park Myunghwan , Kim Wuhyun , Choi Ki-Young , Oh Taegwon , Kang Chang-Yuil , Chung Hyun Cheol , Rha Sun Young
Published: June 2023

Purpose BVAC-B is an autologous B cell– and monocyte-based immunotherapeutic vaccine that contains cells transfected with a recombinant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and loaded with the natural killer T cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide. Here, we report the first BVAC-B study in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer.Materials and Methods Patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory to standard treatment with HER2+ immunohistochemistry ≥ 1 were eligible for treatment. Patients were administered low (2.5×107 cells/dose), medium (5.0×107 cells/dose), or high dose (1.0×108 cells/dose) of BVAC-B intravenously four times every 4 weeks. Primary endpoints included safety and maximum tolerated BVAC-B dose. Secondary endpoints included preliminary clinical efficacy and BVAC-B-induced immune responses.Results Eight patients were treated with BVAC-B at low (n=1), medium (n=1), and high doses (n=6). No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, while treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were observed in patients treated with medium and high doses. The most common TRAEs were grade 1 (n=2) and grade 2 (n=2) fever. Out of the six patients treated with high-dose BVAC-B, three had stable disease with no response. Interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 increased after BVAC-B treatment in all patients with medium and high dose, and HER2-specific antibody was detected in some patients.Conclusion BVAC-B monotherapy had a safe toxicity profile with limited clinical activity; however, it activated immune cells in heavily pretreated patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer. Earlier treatment with BVAC-B and combination therapy is warranted for evaluation of clinical efficacy.
Shot-to-Shot Deviation of a Common Rail Injection System Operating
with Cooking-Oil-Residue Biodiesel
Authors: Nguyen Dat X. , Andrea Cavicchi , Nguyen Kien T. , Nguyen Vu H. , Postrioti Lucio , Pham Phuong X.
Published: June 2023

The shot-to-shot variations in common rail injection systems are primarily caused
by pressure wave oscillations in the rail, pipes, and injector body. These
oscillations are influenced by fuel physical properties, injector needle
movement, and pressure and suction control valve activations. The pressure waves
are generated by pump actuation and injector needle movement, and their
frequency and amplitude are determined by fluid properties and flow path
geometry. These variations can result in cycle-to-cycle engine fluctuations. In
multi-injection and split-injection strategies, the pressure oscillation from
the first shot can impact the hydraulic characteristics of subsequent shots,
resulting in variations in injection rate and amount. This is particularly
significant when using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, which aim to reduce
emissions while maintaining fuel atomization quality. This study examines the
shot-to-shot variations in a second-generation common rail system using
cooking-oil-residue biodiesel. The results demonstrate that biodiesel properties
impact pressure wave oscillation, shot-to-shot variation, and total injection
rate. The study also finds that dwell time has a significant effect on the
hydraulic characteristics of the second shot, with minimal influence up to a
certain value. However, beyond a certain dwell time value (e.g., 0.8 ms in this
study), the impact of dwell time on the pressure fluctuation generated by the
second shot is limited. Conducting further research could help deepen our
understanding of the influence of shot-to-shot deviations. This could involve
exploring biodiesel spray characteristics using techniques such as shadowgraph
imaging and studying the effect of these deviations on flame propagation and
emission formation. Examining engine performance could also provide valuable
insights into the effectiveness of the split-injection strategy and biodiesel
blends. Additionally, characterizing biodiesel spray using the double-shot
technique to examine spray penetration, cone angle, and/or spray impingement and
combustion characteristics could be useful in linking it with the shot-to-shot
variation investigated in this study. Such research can contribute to advancing
the state-of-the-art knowledge on this topic.
Glossary of Fiberboard Terminology
Authors:   Textile and Flexible Plastics Committee
Published: June 2023

This information report presents the terminology and definitions as used in the fiberboard industry.
Figurative representations of the Pali Aike volcanic field (Santa Cruz, Argentina - Magallanes, Chile) in comparative perspective with the southern extreme of Patagonia
Authors: Funes Paula Daniela
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to make a comparison of the figurative representations of the Pali Aike volcanic field (province of Santa Cruz, Argentina – province of Magallanes, Chile) with those registered in other sectors of southern Patagonia, such as the southern shore margin of Lake Argentino (Argentina), the Morros area and the Cerro Benítez-Lago Sofía locality (Chile) during the middle and late Holocene. This analysis was based on integrating background and new information related to different areas. The goal is to evaluate the existence of diverse patterns of representation, considering the morphologies, technical treatment, frequencies, relative abundance of types of motifs in each area, distribution within the space, and temporality of figurative motifs. From this, it is expected to advance the discussion of information exchange among hunter-gatherer groups through figurative representationson a macroregional scale.
Editorial
Authors: Bialostocka Olga
Published: June 2023

No Abstract
Virtualising Africa’s Arts, Securing the Future Engendering Africa’s Popular Songs on TikTok’s Enchanted Space
Authors: Mutie Stephen
Published: June 2023

This paper, locating itself within the locus of Southern Perspectives, examines how TikTok, rehabilitating the local memories imbued in the African  popular song genre, re-situates African popular knowledge at the centre of dialogues around the human question. The paper used a lit-crit methodology  to show how African female content creators, by creatively archiving and curating Black voices into what was the realm of Northern thought, have used  TikTok’s space to dissolve epistemological and ontological boundaries. This paper posits that TikTok is the new canvas for espousing indigenous  knowledge within popular literary meditations in Africa and provides a veritable space that has placed contemporary African art forms at the centre of  transformative possibilities. The paper concludes that African music on TikTok is an epistemological tool that communicates context and community- specific knowledges.
Monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices among students in a tertiary institution in southwest, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oyebade A.O. , Oshineye A.O. , Olarinmoye A.T. , Kayode O.O. , Akinpelu A.A. , Oladosu M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Monkeypox caused by monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae is usually a self-limited disease, however severe cases can occur with case fatality ratio of 3–6% being reported in recent times. This study is aimed at assessing monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices among students in a tertiary institution in Southwest, Nigeria.

Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design and semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 278 respondents from August to October 2022.

Results: In this study, only 37.8% of respondents had good monkeypox related knowledge, 87.8% had good monkeypox related attitude while 96% had good monkeypox related practices. There was association between good monkeypox related knowledge and university education level (p=0.002) with 100 Level student having better knowledge. There was also association between good monkeypox related attitude and sex (p=0.012) with female respondents having better attitudes and there was association between monkeypox related practices and age (p=0.028) with respondents between the ages of 18-22 years having better practices. However, there was no association between monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices and marital status, ethnicity and religion.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed the crucial need for public health education on monkeypox infection to improve knowledge in order to prevent and protect students from monkeypox infection. Good monkeypox related attitudes and practices should be maintained and improved through measures for reduction of exposure to the virus and prompt detection and response.
CIMCIM Proceedings Series
Authors:   CIMCIM, Linsenmeyer Christina
Published: June 2023

Proceedings series (established 2019) of the annual meetings of CIMCIM CIMCIM is the acronym for Comité international pour les musées et collections d’instruments et de musique (International Committee for Museums and Collections of Instruments and Music; Comité internacional para museos y colecciones de instrumentos y de música). CIMCIM is one of 32 international committees of ICOM, the International Council of Museums, and was established in 1960. CIMCIM aims to promote high professional standards in the use and conservation of musical instruments in museums and collections.