bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corner-opening and corner-capping of mono-substituted T8 POSS: product distribution and isomerization
Authors: Jin Liang , Hong Chengyang , Li Xiangqian , Sun Zhiyan , Feng Fengfeng , Liu Hao
Published: December 2021

Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were applied to clarify the product distribution of the corner-opening and corner-capping reactions of monosubstituted T8 POSS.
Rh(i)-catalysed imine-directed C–H functionalization via the oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of benzylamine derivatives with maleimides
Authors: Das Amrita , Chatani Naoto
Published: December 2021

The Rh(i)-catalysed imine-directed oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of benzylamines with maleimides is reported. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a zwitterionic intermediate.
Strain modulation on the spin transport properties of PTB junctions with MoC2 electrodes
Authors: Sun Yaoxing , Zhang Bei , Zhang Shidong , Zhang Dan , Dong Jiwei , Long Mengqiu
Published: December 2021

The z-axial strain can effectively regulate the intensity of spin polarization current and spin filtering efficiency (SFE), and introduce a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect.
Correction: The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions
Authors: Gan Bee Ha , Gaynord Josephine , Rowe Sam M. , Deingruber Tomas , Spring David R.
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions’ by Bee Ha Gan et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 7820–7880, DOI: 10.1039/D0CS00729C.
High-loading Ga-exchanged MFI zeolites as selective and coke-resistant catalysts for nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation
Authors: Huang Mengwen , Yasumura Shunsaku , Li Lingcong , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: December 2021

A high-loading Ga-exchanged MFI zeolite was developed for efficient ethane dehydrogenation. Its high catalytic performance is ascribed to both the low amount of Brønsted acid sites and the major formation of [GaH2]+ions among isolated Ga hydrides.
Photocatalytic production of H2O2 over facet-dependent Ti-MOF
Authors: Zheng Yuanzhou , Zhou Hualan , Zhou Bosen , Mao Jingchen , Zhao Yinghao
Published: December 2021

The Z-scheme structure between Ti-MOF (001) and (111) facets for photocatalytic H2O2 production.
Stable and inert macrocyclic cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes with paraCEST response
Authors: Pérez-Lourido Paulo , Madarasi Enikő , Antal Fanni , Esteban-Gómez David , Wang Gaoji , Angelovski Goran , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Tircsó Gyula , Valencia Laura
Published: December 2021

Saturation of the paramagnetically shifted amide1H NMR signals of Co(ii) and Ni(ii) macrocyclic pyclen derivatives provides an efficient pathway for the saturation of bulk water.
Photo-assisted charge/discharge Li-organic battery with a charge-separated and redox-active C60@porous organic cage cathode
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Su Kongzhao , Mohamed Aya Gomaa Abdelkader , Liu Caiping , Sun Qingfu , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yumei , Xue Wenhua , Wang Yaobing
Published: December 2021

A charge-separated and redox-active C60@porous organic cage (C60@POC) compound was synthesized to act as the cathode in a photo-assisted Li-organic battery, which enables efficient solar to electrochemical energy conversion and storage.
Sustainable NOx production from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption
Authors: Vervloessem Elise , Gorbanev Yury , Nikiforov Anton , De Geyter Nathalie , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: December 2021

The experimentally validated model pinpoints the essential pulsed power characteristics in the plasma-based NOx production from air, which reveals the appealing prospects of pulsing in the field of alternative synthetic fertiliser production.
Catalytic hydrothiolation of alkenes and alkynes using bimetallic RuRh nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji V. , Tchuiteng Kouatchou Joël Armel , Fossard Frédéric , Miserque Frédéric , Geertsen Valérie , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: December 2021

A recyclable ruthenium–rhodium carbon nanotube hybrid was developed for the hydrothiolation of a variety of substrates under environmentally friendly conditions (ethanol as the solvent, room temperature, low catalyst loading and air atmosphere).
One-pot production of phenazine from lignin-derived catechol
Authors: Ren Tianyu , Qi Wei , He Zhimin , Yan Ning
Published: December 2021

We report a simple and green protocol to produce phenazine from lignin-derived catechol in a one-pot reaction. Phenazine was obtained in the form of high purity (>97%) crystals.
Protected lignin biorefining through cyclic extraction: gaining fundamental insights into the tuneable properties of lignin by chemometrics
Authors: Karlsson Maria , Vegunta Vijaya Lakshmi , Deshpande Raghu , Lawoko Martin
Published: December 2021

An integrated lignin biorefinery process was studied by chemometrics. A regime for structurally preserved lignins with tuneable properties was identified.
Accurate determination of structural H2O in rocks using LIBS coupled with machine learning algorithms extensively exploring the characteristics of the Hα line
Authors: Xu Weijie , Sun Chen , Zhang Yuqing , Yue Zengqi , Shabbir Sahar , Zou Long , Chen Fengye , Wang Li , Yu Jin
Published: December 2021

Selecting and controlling the number of highest ranked features involved in the model training process, in such a way as to avoid underfitting and overfitting and allow an RMSE of 0.11 wt% in the model testing with a set of independent test samples.
High temperature thermo-mechanical properties of praseodymium doped ceria thin films measured two ways
Authors: Ma Yuxi , Zhou Quan , Nicholas Jason D.
Published: December 2021

From 500 to 700 °C, the (100)-plane-averaged Pr0.1Ce0.9O1.95−δ thermo-chemical expansion coefficient increased from ∼12.5 to ∼17.5 ppm, the biaxial modulus remained ∼300 GPa, and the Young’s modulus remained ∼175 GPa.
On the photostability and luminescence of dye-sensitized upconverting nanoparticles using modified IR820 dyes
Authors: Kaur Mannu , Mandl Gabrielle A. , Maurizio Steven L. , Tessitore Gabriella , Capobianco John A.
Published: December 2021

This work displays structural modifications made to IR820 dye that result in increased photostability and upconversion luminescence. The upconversion dynamics were evaluated to assess the energy transfer between the new dye and the nanoparticles.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of structurally diverse ortho-acylphenol-diindolylmethane hybrids as anticancer agents
Authors: Yin Zhi-Gang , Liu Xiong-Wei , Wang Hui-Juan , Zhang Min , Liu Xiong-Li , Zhou Ying
Published: December 2021

A highly efficient synthesis of structurally diverse ortho-acylphenol–diindolylmethane hybrids 3 using carboxylic acid-activated chromones as versatile synthetic building blocks is reported here for the first time, through 1,4-nucleophilic addition and followed by a decarboxylation and pyrone ring opening reaction process.
Preparation and electrochemical inhibition properties of Ce3+-photomodified zinc phosphate materials
Authors: Yang Xiu , Guo Xiao-Jiao , Chen Yi-Xiang , Chai Zhuang-Lei , Sheng Xiao-Xiao , Liu Jin-Ku , Zeng Xian-Guang , Chen Xue-Dan
Published: December 2021

Exploration of the strong luminescent properties of cerium-modified zinc phosphate for corrosion protection applications.
Study of the mechanism of mitochondrial division and mitochondrial autophagy in the male reproductive toxicity induced by nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lin , Lu Wenjuan , Dong Jiahui , Wu Yongya , Tang Meng , Liang Geyu , Kong Lu
Published: December 2021

The mechanism of mitochondrial division and mitochondrial autophagy in the male reproductive toxicity induced by nickel nanoparticles.
Enzymatic activity of individual bioelectrocatalytic viral nanoparticles: dependence of catalysis on the viral scaffold and its length
Authors: Paiva Telmo O. , Schneider Angela , Bataille Laure , Chovin Arnaud , Anne Agnès , Michon Thierry , Wege Christina , Demaille Christophe
Published: December 2021

The catalytic activity of tobacco mosaic virus nanoparticles carrying an integrated enzymatic system is studied at the single particle scale.
Dissymmetrical tails-regulated helical nanoarchitectonics of amphiphilic ornithines: nanotubes, bundles and twists
Authors: Wang Han-Xiao , Xu Lifei , Zhu Xuefeng , Xue Chenlu , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: December 2021

A strategy of designing Fmoc-protected ornithine lipids with dissymmetrical alkyl tails was employed to hierarchically tune the self-assembled lipid nanostructures from nanotubes to bundles and nanotwists.
Alkynedicobalt mediated vinylogous Nazarov reactions
Authors: Almubayedh Somaiah , Green James R.
Published: December 2021

The SnCl4 mediated reactions of cross conjugated aryl enynone-Co2(CO)6 and dienynone-Co2(CO)6 complexes afford benzocycloheptynone complexes or cycloheptenynone complexes in a thermal vinylogous Nazarov process.
Rh-Catalyzed diastereoselective addition of arylboronic acids to α-keto N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines: synthesis of α-amino ketones
Authors: Wang Cece , Zhou Lu , Qiu Jian , Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: December 2021

Herein we present a diastereoselective addition of arylboronic acids to α-keto N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines catalyzed by a Rh(i) catalyst.
A confinement of N-heterocyclic molecules in a metal–organic framework for enhancing significant proton conductivity
Authors: Nguyen My V. , Phan Thang B. , Tran Man V. , Nguyen Tuyet A. T. , Nguyen Hung N.
Published: December 2021

A series of N-heterocyclic⊂VNU-23 materials have been prepared via the impregnation procedure of N-heterocyclic molecules into VNU-23.
Graphene-based materials as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: a review
Authors: Jung Hwapyung , Karmakar Arun , Adhikari Arindam , Patel Rajkumar , Kundu Subrata
Published: December 2021

In this review, the nature of graphene composites of various transition metals and their role in electrocatalysis mainly in OER studies has been explored. Further, tuning of different structures with pioneering modifications are also elaborated.
Angular structure factor of the hexatic-B liquid crystals: bridging theory and experiment
Authors: Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Kurta Ruslan , Sprung Michael , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Ostrovskii Boris I.
Published: December 2021

We found experimentally that angular profiles of the in-plane X-ray scattering in the hexatic-B phase are well approximated by a convolution of the Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. This result is supported by the known theoretical considerations.
Correction: A continuum membrane model can predict curvature sensing by helix insertion
Authors: Fu Yiben , Zeno Wade F. , Stachowiak Jeanne C. , Johnson Margaret E.
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘A continuum membrane model can predict curvature sensing by helix insertion’ by Yiben Fu et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 10649–10663, DOI: 10.1039/D1SM01333E.
Design of dopant-free small molecular hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells: a viewpoint from defect passivation
Authors: Wang Wanhai , Zhou Jie , Tang Weihua
Published: December 2021

The recent advances in the rational design of dopant-free small molecular hole transport materials for high-performance perovskites solar cells is reviewed. The correlation between the molecular structure and device performance is elaborated.
Proteomic analysis identifies ZMYM2 as endogenous binding partner of TBX18 protein in 293 and A549 cells
Authors: Lüdtke Timo H.-W. , Kleppa Marc-Jens , Rivera-Reyes Reginaldo , Qasrawi Fairouz , Connaughton Dervla M. , Shril Shirlee , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Kispert Andreas
Published: December 2021

The TBX18 transcription factor regulates patterning and differentiation programs in the primordia of many organs yet the molecular complexes in which TBX18 resides to exert its crucial transcriptional function in these embryonic contexts have remained elusive. Here, we used 293 and A549 cells as an accessible cell source to search for endogenous protein interaction partners of TBX18 by an unbiased proteomic approach. We tagged endogenous TBX18 by CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genome editing with a triple FLAG peptide, and identified by anti-FLAG affinity purification and subsequent LC–MS analysis the ZMYM2 protein to be statistically enriched together with TBX18 in both 293 and A549 nuclear extracts. Using a variety of assays, we confirmed the binding of TBX18 to ZMYM2, a component of the CoREST transcriptional corepressor complex. Tbx18 is coexpressed with Zmym2 in the mesenchymal compartment of the developing ureter of the mouse, and mutations in TBX18 and in ZMYM2 were recently linked to congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in line with a possible in vivo relevance of TBX18–ZMYM2 protein interaction in ureter development.
The structure and function of modular Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteriophage FTBEc1 endolysin, LysT84: defining a new endolysin catalytic subfamily
Authors: Love Michael J. , Coombes David , Ismail Salim , Billington Craig , Dobson Renwick C. J.
Published: December 2021

Bacteriophage endolysins degrade peptidoglycan and have been identified as antibacterial candidates to combat antimicrobial resistance. Considering the catalytic and structural diversity of endolysins, there is a paucity of structural data to inform how these enzymes work at the molecular level — key data that is needed to realize the potential of endolysin-based antibacterial agents. Here, we determine the atomic structure and define the enzymatic function of Escherichia coli O157:H7 phage FTEBc1 endolysin, LysT84. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that LysT84 is a modular endolysin, which is unusual for Gram-negative endolysins, comprising a peptidoglycan binding domain and an enzymatic domain. The crystal structure of LysT84 (2.99 Å) revealed a mostly α-helical protein with two domains connected by a linker region but packed together. LysT84 was determined to be a monomer in solution using analytical ultracentrifugation. Small-angle X-ray scattering data revealed that LysT84 is a flexible protein but does not have the expected bimodal P(r) function of a multidomain protein, suggesting that the domains of LysT84 pack closely creating a globular protein as seen in the crystal structure. Structural analysis reveals two key glutamate residues positioned on either side of the active site cavity; mutagenesis demonstrating these residues are critical for peptidoglycan degradation. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the enzymatically active domain is dynamic, allowing the appropriate positioning of these catalytic residues for hydrolysis of the β(1–4) bond. Overall, our study defines the structural basis for peptidoglycan degradation by LysT84 which supports rational engineering of related endolysins into effective antibacterial agents.
Down-regulating GRP78 reverses pirarubicin resistance of triple negative breast cancer by miR-495-3p mimics and involves the p-AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Mian , Yang Jiu , Lv Wuwu , Wang Shuanglian , Du Tao , Zhang Kejing , Wu Yuhui , Feng Xueping
Published: December 2021

Due to the lack of known therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), chemotherapy is the only available pharmacological treatment. Pirarubicin (tetrahydropyranyl Adriamycin, THP) is the most commonly used anthracycline chemotherapy agent. However, TNBC has a high recurrence rate after chemotherapy, and the mechanisms of chemoresistance and recurrence are not entirely understood. To study the chemoresistance mechanisms, we first screened compounds on a pirarubicin-resistant cell line (MDA-MB-231R) derived from MDA-MB-231. The drug resistance index of MDA-MB-231R cells was approximately five times higher than that of MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231R cells have higher GRP78 and lower miR-495-3p expression levels than MDA-MB-231 cells. Transfecting MDA-MB-231R cells with a siGRP78 plasmid reduced GRP78 expression, which restored pirarubicin sensitivity. Besides, transfecting MDA-MB-231R cells with miR-495-3p mimics increased miR-495-3p expression, which also reversed pirarubicin chemoresistance. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays showed that the miR-495-3p mimics also inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Based on our results, miR-495-3p mimics could down-regulate GRP78 expression via the p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in TNBC cells. Remarkably, chemo-resistant and chemo-sensitive TNBC tissues had opposite trends in GRP78 and miR-495-3p expressions. The lower the GRP78 and the higher the miR-495-3p expression, the better prognosis in TNBC patients. Therefore, the mechanism of pirarubicin resistance might involve the miR-495-3p/GRP78/Akt axis, which would provide a possible strategy for treating TNBC.
A review on the research progress and future development of nano‐modified cellulose insulation paper
Authors: Tang Chao , Chen Rui , Zhang Jinzhu , Peng Xiao , Chen Binghao , Zhang Liusheng
Published: December 2021

Focussing on the insulating material of power transformer—cellulose insulation paper, this paper first introduces the basic characteristics and engineering application background of insulation paper. Then, the research progress of improving the mechanical properties, thermal stability and electrical properties of insulation paper by nano modification in recent years is compared, and the promotion mechanism is analysed. In addition, in practical engineering application, the oil–paper composite insulation system composed of insulation paper and insulating oil is used for the internal insulation of oil immersed transformer. Therefore, the influence of modified insulation paper on the performance of oil–paper composite insulation system is analysed. Finally, the newly reported new insulation paper is introduced, and the future development trend of modification of traditional insulation paper is analysed.
Improving DC superimposition characteristics of powder cores by applying coupled inductors in multi‐phase boost converter
Authors: Aoki Tatsuya , Imaoka Jun , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Yoshimoto Kosuke
Published: December 2021

In applications where DC current is superimposed, such as inductors for non‐isolated DC‐DC converters, powder core can be considered as an attractive solution owing to its superior features such as: high saturation flux density, high Curie temperature, and soft‐saturation property. However, in powder cores, a drop of inductance appears prominently due to DC superimposition characteristics. This feature is not a desirable characteristic because it leads to an increase in the inductor ripple current under heavy load, which complicates the thermal design of power semiconductors and capacitors. This paper verifies the improvement of DC superimposition characteristics of powder cores by applying coupled inductors. First, the effect of coupled inductors on the improvement of DC superimposition characteristics is experimentally verified. Second, a measurement method for the DC superimposition characteristics of coupled inductor is proposed. Then, a magnetic circuit model is built using the measurement results. Finally, a coupled analysis of magnetic and electric circuits is performed, and it is confirmed that lower magnetic field operation can be realized by coupled inductors even under heavy load conditions. It has been proven that coupled inductors are effective in improving the DC superposition characteristics of the powder cores.
Three‐stage robust voltage/var optimal control of wind farms at multiple time scales
Authors: Wang Min , Liao Kai , Yang Jianwei , Zheng Shunwei , Lu Dingwen
Published: December 2021

In wind farms, the uncertainty of wind power and the incoordination of multiple time scales increase the difficulty of voltage/var control (VVC), and result in the reactive power output of VVC devices becoming unreasonable. This will decrease the power quality and even cause the voltage collapse of wind farms at large voltage deviations. For these problems, hierarchical control of VVC devices is a promising solution, as VVC devices can adjust the reactive power output in different control strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes a three‐stage robust voltage/var optimal control strategy for wind farms. The robust optimization model is introduced to solve the VVC problem caused by the uncertainty of wind power in this strategy. Besides, compared with traditional VVC strategies, the proposed strategy can coordinate different control stages and VVC devices at multiple time scales by combining centralized and local VVC strategies, which achieves voltage/var optimal control objectives. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed strategy in mitigating system voltage violation rate and power loss of the wind farm.
Strategic bidding of a multi‐carrier microgrid in energy market
Authors: Haddadipour Shapour , Amir Vahid , Javadi Saeid
Published: December 2021

Microgrid can contribute to the day‐ahead market by submitting bids to minimize its costs. The bidding problem is challenging due to various uncertainties. Thus, the present study provides a comprehensive optimal bidding strategy to determine the optimal power bids of a multi‐carrier microgrid despite the interdependency of power and gas market prices on the day‐ahead and real‐time markets. In this work, the stochastic energy bidding in the proposed multi‐carrier microgrid is solved via a two‐stage procedure to benefit from day‐ahead and real‐time markets. In the first stage, the operator provides hourly energy bids to the distribution system operator regardless of uncertainty. Then, in the second stage, taking into account the confirmed day‐ahead bids, the multi‐carrier microgrid operator serves to balance the load in the real‐time market stemmed from various uncertain parameters. This problem is solved as mixed‐integer linear programming by CPLEX of the GAMS solver. A scenario reduction method is also employed to burden the complexity of the problem. Numerical results show the usefulness of the proposed model.
Substructures, resonances, and debris streams
Authors: Dodd Emma , Helmi Amina , Koppelman Helmer H.
Published: December 2021

Context. The local stellar halo of the Milky Way contains the debris from several past accretion events.

Aims. Here we study in detail the structure and properties of nearby debris associated with the Helmi streams, which was originally identified as an overdensity in integrals of motion space.

Methods. We use 6D phase-space information from Gaia EDR3 combined with spectroscopic surveys, and we analyse the orbits and frequencies of the stars in the streams using various Galactic potentials. We also explore how the Helmi streams constrain the flattening, q, of the Galactic dark matter halo.

Results. We find that the streams are split into substructures in integrals of motion space, most notably into two clumps in angular momentum space. The clumps have consistent metallicity distributions and stellar populations, supporting a common progeny. In all the realistic Galactic potentials explored, the Helmi streams’ stars depict a diffuse distribution close to Ωz/ΩR ∼ 0.7. At the same time, the reason for the substructure in angular momentum space appears to be a Ωz : Ωϕ resonance close to 1:1. This resonance is exactly 1:1 in the case where the (density) flattening of the dark halo is q = 1.2. For this halo shape, the substructure in angular momenta is also long-lasting.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the structure of the Galactic potential leaves a clear imprint on the properties of phase-mixed debris streams.
New periodograms separating orbital radial velocities and spectral shape variation
Authors: Binnenfeld A. , Shahaf S. , Anderson R. I. , Zucker S.
Published: December 2021

We present new periodograms that are effective in distinguishing Doppler shift from spectral shape variability in astronomical spectra. These periodograms, building upon the concept of partial distance correlation, separate the periodic radial velocity modulation induced by orbital motion from that induced by stellar activity. These tools can be used to explore large spectroscopic databases in search of targets in which spectral shape variations obscure the orbital motion; such systems include active planet-hosting stars or binary systems with an intrinsically variable component. We provide a detailed prescription for calculating the periodograms, demonstrate their performance via simulations and real-life case studies, and provide a public Python implementation.
Measuring the F-corona intensity through time correlation of total and polarized visible light images
Authors: Burtovoi A. , Naletto G. , Dolei S. , Spadaro D. , Romoli M. , Landini F. , De Leo Y.
Published: December 2021

We present a new correlation method for deriving the F-corona intensity distribution, which is based on the analysis of the evolution of the total and polarized visible light (VL) images. We studied the one-month variation profiles of the total and polarized brightness acquired with Large Angle Spectrometric COronagraph and found that in some regions they are highly correlated. Assuming that the F-corona does not vary significantly on a timescale of one month, we estimated its intensity in the high-correlation regions and reconstructed the corresponding intensity maps both during the solar-minimum and solar-maximum periods. Systematic uncertainties were estimated by performing dedicated simulations. We compared the resulting F-corona images with those determined using the inversion technique and found that the correlation method provides a smoother intensity distribution. We also obtained that the F-corona images calculated for consecutive months show no significant variation. Finally, we note that this method can be applied to the future high-cadence VL observations carried out with the Metis/Solar Orbiter coronagraph.
New deuterated species in TMC-1: Detection of CH2DC4H with the QUIJOTE line survey
Authors: Cabezas C. , Fuentetaja R. , Roueff E. , Agúndez M. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Pardo J. R. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: December 2021

We report the first detection in space of the single deuterated isotopologue of methyldiacetylene, CH2DC4H. A total of 12 rotational transitions, with J = 8–12 and Ka = 0 and 1, were identified for this species in TMC-1 in the 31.0–50.4 GHz range using the Yebes 40m radio telescope. The observed frequencies allowed us to obtain, for the first time, the spectroscopic parameters of this deuterated isotopologue. We derived a column density of (5.5 ± 0.2) × 1011 cm−2. The abundance ratio between CH3C4H and CH2DC4H is 24 ± 2. This ratio is similar to that found for the CH3C3N/CH2DC3N analogue system, which is 22 ± 2. We did not detect the deuterated species CH3C4D, which has already been observed in laboratory experiments. The detection of deuterated CH3C4H allows us to extend the discussion on the chemical mechanisms of deuterium fractionation at work in TMC-1 using a new gas-phase chemical model with multiply deuterated molecules. Introducing a possible deuterium exchange reaction between CH3CCH and atomic deuterium allows us to account for the CH3C4H/CH2DC4H abundance ratio.
Minimal blowing pressure allowing periodic oscillations in a model of bass brass instruments
Authors: Mattéoli Rémi , Gilbert Joël , Vergez Christophe , Dalmont Jean-Pierre , Maugeais Sylvain , Terrien Soizic , Ablitzer Frédéric
Published: December 2021

In this study, an acoustic resonator – a bass brass instrument – with multiple resonances coupled to an exciter – the player’s lips – with one resonance is modelled by a multidimensional dynamical system, and studied using a continuation and bifurcation software. Bifurcation diagrams are explored with respect to the blowing pressure, in particular with focus on the minimal blowing pressure allowing stable periodic oscillations and the associated frequency. The behaviour of the instrument is first studied close to a (non oscillating) equilibrium using linear stability analysis. This allows to determine the conditions at which an equilibrium destabilises and as such where oscillating regimes can emerge (corresponding to a sound production). This approach is useful to characterise the ease of playing of a brass instrument, which is assumed here to be related – as a first approximation – to the linear threshold pressure. In particular, the lower the threshold pressure, the lower the physical effort the player has to make to play a note [The Science of Brass Instruments. Springer-Verlag, 2021]. Cases are highlighted where periodic solutions in the bifurcation diagrams are reached for blowing pressures below the value given by the linear stability analysis. Thus, bifurcation diagrams allow a more in-depth analysis. Particular attention is devoted to the first playing regime of bass brass instruments (the pedal note and the ghost note of a tuba in particular), whose behaviour qualitatively differs from a trombone to a euphonium for instance.
The Period-Modulated Harmonic Locked Loop (PM-HLL): A low-effort algorithm for rapid time-domain multi-periodicity estimation
Authors: Hohmann Volker
Published: December 2021

Many speech and music analysis and processing schemes rely on an estimate of the fundamental frequency f0 of periodic signal components. Most established schemes apply rather unspecific signal models such as sinusoidal models to the estimation problem, which may limit time resolution and estimation accuracy. This study proposes a novel time-domain locked-loop algorithm with low computational effort and low memory footprint for f0 estimation. The loop control signal is directly derived from the input time signal, using a harmonic signal model. Theoretically, this allows for a noise-robust and rapid f0 estimation for periodic signals of arbitrary waveform, and without the requirement of a prior frequency analysis. Several simulations with short signals employing different types of periodicity and with added wide-band noise were performed to demonstrate and evaluate the basic properties of the proposed algorithm. Depending on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the estimator was found to converge within 3–4 signal repetitions, even at SNR close to or below 0 dB. Furthermore, it was found to follow fundamental frequency sweeps with a delay of less than one period and to track all tones of a three-tone musical chord signal simultaneously. Quasi-periodic sounds with shifted harmonics as well as signals with stochastic periodicity were robustly tracked. Mean and standard deviation of the estimation error, i.e., the difference between true and estimated f0, were at or below 1 Hz in most cases. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm may be applicable to low-delay speech and music analysis and processing.
rs3753394 Complement Factor H (CFH) Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in Indonesian Population
Authors: Supanji Supanji , Perdamaian Ayudha Bahana Ilham , Anindita Dinda Ajeng , Widayanti Tri Wahyu , Wardhana Firman Setya , Sasongko Muhammad Bayu , Prayogo Mohammad Eko , Agni Angela Nurini , Oka Chio
Published: December 2021

Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) is one of the major factors for blindness and impaired visual acuity in elderly people. The aim of this study was CFH gene screening in Age-Related Macular Degeneration patients in Indonesia. This study was performed in 106 AMD patients and 104 controls for genomic markers in the Complement Factor H (CFH). The diagnosis of AMD was carried out by retinal specialists based on color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Informed consent was given to patients then proceed to blood sampling and recording of body parameters (BMI, smoking, other systemic diseases). CFH polymorphisms were then analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There was no association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD. From the research can be inferred that association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD was insignificant.
Molecular Identification of ABC2 Transporter Gene Encode Protein Ngawi Trypanosoma evansi Isolate that suspected resistance to Isometamidium Chloride
Authors: Wusahaningtyas Lu’lu’ Sahara , Nuryady Moh Mirza , Firdausy Lintang Winantya , Fahrurrozi Zs Ahmad , Nurcahyo R. Wisnu
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the profile of the ABC2 encoding transporter on Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) Ngawi isolates, Indonesia, exposed with Isometamidium Chloride (ISM). This study used blood samples of mice containing Trypanosoma evansi that had been exposed with ISM 0.05 mg/kg BW, ISM 0.1 mg/kg BW and ISM 0.3 mg/kg BW for 4 weeks, and control group. Blood samples were extracted and amplified using primers. ABC2 F 5 ’GCTTGTCCGACCATCTTGCA 3’ and ABC2 R 5 ’AGGTCCACTCCCATGCTACA 3’ that produced 350 basepairs (bp). The sequencing results were then analyzed using BLAST and MEGA 7.0. There was 1 deference nucleotide (107) derived from multiple alignments, while in amino acids there was no difference in all samples. Trypanosoma evansi which was exposed with ISM does not have many differences in nucleotide or amino acid and only one type of mutation. The ABC2 Transporters of four groups of T.evansi have high similarity to ABC Transporters of T. brucei gambiense, T. brucei brucei, and T. brucei brucei (Tbabc2). Therefore, further research on the ABC2 Transporter gene is needed.
Use of 3D models for control of the main pipeline protective facilities
Authors: Shlyakhova Maria
Published: December 2021

The primary purpose of main pipelines is to transport oil products from a point to the point of destination. Therefore, its length can be thousands of kilometers, most often it is located in difficult natural and climatic conditions. Main pipeline continuous operation and protection from accidents or breakdowns requires passive or active control of protective structures using 3D technologies. The article briefly describes the technology for creating 3D models based on materials from aerial laser scanning and aerosurvey.
Influence of temperature inversions on air pollution in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Dergunov Alexander , Yakubailic Oleg
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the meteorological conditions in Krasnoyarsk in the period from 2019 to 2020. The relationship between the occurrence of temperature inversions in the surface layer of the atmosphere and air pollution by suspended solid particles (PM2.5) is investigated. The paper uses a set of meteorological data of the NCEP GFS weather forecast model on air temperature on three isobaric surfaces (1000, 925 and 850 mb), wind gusts and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer. The air monitoring system of the KSC SB RAS provides data on solid particle concentrations PM2.5 and wind speed. The relationship between the presence of temperature inversions in the lower layer of the atmosphere and periods of significant air pollution is shown, as well as the dependence of changes in wind speed and the height of the boundary layer of the atmosphere with changes in the average daily PM2.5 concentration. The possibility of using the meteorological data of the NCEP GFS model to study the surface layer of the atmosphere and the periods of its pollution, predicting the deterioration of the environmental situation in Krasnoyarsk, is demonstrated.
Features of the Maximum Water Flows of the Arpa River Under Modern Conditions
Authors: Margaryan Varduhi , Azizyan Levon , Misakyan Amalya , Gaidukova Ekaterina , Tsibul’skii Gennady , Raevich Ksenia
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the main regularities of the peak flood discharge distribution in modern conditions, using actual data of Hydrometeorology and Monitoring Center SNCO with Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia on the peak flood discharge of the river Arpa.
About disappearance of a large Lake Ebi-Nur, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Terekhov Alexey , Abayev Nurlan
Published: December 2021

This research considers the process of degradation of the large, bitter-salty Lake Ebi-Nur, located in the Xinjiang (Northwest China), on the border with Kazakhstan. Satellite monitoring using LANDSAT-8 and SENTINEL-2 in recent years has shown the continuation of the process of rapid shallowing of this water body. The area of the lake water mirror decreased from 900 km2 in 2018 to 210 km2 in 2021. The reasons for the degradation of Lake Ebi-Nur are the withdrawal of a significant amount of river’s runoff for arable land irrigation, against the background of three (2019-2021) strongly low-water years. The stability of the water mirror area of Lake Ebi-Nur and the cultivation of over 600 thousand hectares of irrigated arable land in its basin is possible only with the alternation of low-water and high-water years. Three sharply low-water years in a row have brought the lake to a critical state. The continuation of low water in 2022, most likely, will transfer this lake to the state of a salt marsh. The degradation of Lake Ebi-Nur carries significant environmental risks. This lake is located in a natural area of very strong winds (Dzungarian Gate). The drained parts of lake’s bottom become sources of salt storms in direction to agricultural lands and large settlements, including the capital of Xinjiang, city Urumqi. A definite solution to the problem may be the transfer of additional water resources to the Lake Eb-Nur basin from the neighboring water-surplus valleys of the Ili River or the Kara-Ertis River. However, these rivers are transboundary (China-Kazakhstan) and additional returnable seizures of their water resources to the Lake Ebi-Nur will be hard perceived in Kazakhstan.
Application of sensitivity analysis in DYMOND/Dakota to fuel cycle transition scenarios
Authors: Richards S. , Feng B.
Published: December 2021

The ability to perform sensitivity analysis has been enabled for the nuclear fuel cycle simulator DYMOND through its coupling with the design and analysis toolkit Dakota. To test and demonstrate these new capabilities, a transition scenario and multi-parameter study were devised. The transition scenario represents a partial transition from the US nuclear fleet to a closed fuel cycle with small modular LWRs and fast reactors fueled by reprocessed used nuclear fuel. Four uncertain parameters in this transition were studied – start date of reprocessing, total reprocessing capacity, the nuclear energy demand growth, and the rate at which the fast reactors are deployed – with respect to their impact on four response metrics. The responses – total natural uranium consumed, maximum annual enrichment capacity required, total disposed mass, and total cost of the nuclear fuel cycle – were chosen based on measures known to be of interest in transition scenarios [2] and to be significantly impacted by the varying parameters. Analysis of this study was performed both from the direct sampling and through surrogate models developed in Dakota to calculate the global sensitivity measures Sobol’ indices. This example application of this new capability showed that the most consequential parameter to most metrics was the share of new build capacity that is fast reactors. However, for the cost metric, the scaling factor of the energy demand growth was significant and had synergistic behavior with the fast reactor new build share.
Structural and properties evolution of copper–nickel (Cu–Ni) alloys: a review of the effects of alloying materials
Authors: Nwaeju Cynthia C. , Edoziuno Francis O. , Adediran Adeolu A. , Nnuka Eugene E. , Adesina Olanrewaju S.
Published: December 2021

Copper–nickel alloy has the potential in sustaining the recent demands in advanced marine engineering applications. It has been found advantageous over other copper alloys due to the unique properties and corrosion resistance they possess. However, the structure of Cu–Ni alloy alone is not sufficient to withstand many applications, as the structure cannot perform efficiently in an aggressive environment. The performance of this alloy inherently depends on carefully select alloying compositions, as the alloying elements are associated with the precipitation of intermetallic particles that will enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when designing the component of Cu–Ni alloys. A combination of alloying elements has been conceptualized in the designing of copper–nickel alloy. This review described the role of alloying elements in modifying the microstructural features through phase transformation and how it affects the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of Cu–Ni based alloys. The effect of alloying elements on the structure and properties of Cu–Ni alloys have been critically summarized based on surveying the works done by authors on this category of structural modification binary Cu–Ni alloy.
Pulmonary Hypertension and COVID-19
Authors: Castiglione Laura , Droppa Michal
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a primary respiratory infectious disease, which can result in pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. From its first appearance in the city of Wuhan (China), the infection spread worldwide, leading to its declaration as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Clinical research on SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) suggests that the virus may determine changes in the pulmonary hemodynamics through mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, vascular leak, thrombotic microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism that are similar to those leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Current available studies report echocardiographic signs of PH in approximately 12 to 13% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Those with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and prior PH are at increased risk to develop or worsen PH. Evidence of PH seems to be associated with increased disease severity and poor outcome. Because of the importance of the pulmonary hemodynamics in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, there is growing interest in exploring the potential therapeutical benefits of inhaled vasodilators in patients with COVID-19. Treatment with inhaled nitric oxide and prostacyclin has shown encouraging results through improvement of systemic oxygenation, reduction of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, and prevention of right ventricular failure; however, data from randomized control trials are still required.
Harnblasentumoren als Langzeitfolge einer Querschnittlähmung – Bedeutung für die Praxis
Authors: Böthig Ralf , Schöps Wolfgang , Zellner Michael , Fiebag Kai , Kowald Birgitt , Kurze Ines , Böhme Holger , Kadhum Thura , Golka Klaus
Published: December 2021

Das Harnblasenkarzinom ist, nach dem Lungenkrebs, bei Querschnittgelähmten die zweithäufigste zum Tode führende Tumorerkrankung. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die für den Urologen wichtigen Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Harnblasentumoren in der Allgemeinbevölkerung.

Querschnittgelähmte sind zum Zeitpunkt der Tumordiagnose im Durchschnitt 1 bis 2 Jahrzehnte
jünger als Patienten ohne Querschnittlähmung. Der histopathologische Befund bei Erstdiagnose
eines Harnblasenkarzinoms bei Menschen mit Querschnittlähmung ist wesentlich ungünstiger als
bei Harnblasenkarzinomen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Muskelinvasive Tumoren und Tumoren mit
geringer Differenzierung sind wesentlich häufiger und der Anteil an Plattenepithelkarzinomen
ist deutlich erhöht. Die Häufigkeit nimmt nach über 10 Lähmungsjahren zu. Die
Harnblasenkarzinom-Mortalität ist deutlich erhöht und steigt mit zunehmender Lähmungsdauer
an.

Bei diagnostischen Eingriffen und insbesondere bei der radikalen Zystektomie sind klinisch
wichtige Besonderheiten zu beachten. So können z. B. urodynamische Untersuchungen oder eine
Zystoskopie eine Autonome Dysreflexie mit hypertensiven Krisen und der Gefahr einer
lebensbedrohlichen Bradykardie triggern.

Bei einer radikalen Zystektomie sind intraoperativ
u.a. die häufig auftretenden Verwachsungen und Verschwielungen der Harnblase zu beachten.
Postoperativ treten u.a. häufig, bedingt durch die neurogene Störung des Darmes, schwere
Paralysen und prolongierte Darmatonien auf. Die unmittelbar nach der Operation vorzunehmende Lagerung der
Patienten zur Vermeidung von Dekubiti und zur Unterstützung der Atmung sowie das
Querschnittgelähmten-spezifische Darmmanagement sind unbedingt zu beachten. Weitere
Besonderheiten bei querschnittgelähmten Patienten mit Harnblasenkarzinom, die auch in der
klinischen Praxis Beachtung finden sollten, sowie Überlegungen zum Screening nach
Harnblasentumoren werden im Beitrag dargestellt.
Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: van der Merwe Schalk W. , van Wanrooij Roy L. J. , Bronswijk Michiel , Everett Simon , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Rimbas Mihai , Hucl Tomas , Kunda Rastislav , Badaoui Abdenor , Law Ryan , Arcidiacono Paolo G. , Larghi Alberto , Giovannini Marc , Khashab Mouen A. , Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Barthet Marc , Perez-Miranda Manuel , van Hooft Jeanin E.
Published: December 2021

Main Recommendations

1 ESGE recommends the use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) over percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in malignant distal biliary obstruction when local expertise is available.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

2 ESGE suggests EUS-BD with hepaticogastrostomy only for malignant inoperable hilar biliary obstruction with a dilated left hepatic duct when inadequately drained by ERCP and/or PTBD in high volume expert centers.

Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

3 ESGE recommends that EUS-guided pancreatic duct (PD) drainage should only be considered in symptomatic patients with an obstructed PD when retrograde endoscopic intervention fails or is not possible.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

4 ESGE recommends rendezvous EUS techniques over transmural PD drainage in patients with favorable anatomy owing to its lower rate of adverse events.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

5 ESGE recommends that, in patients at high surgical risk, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (GBD) should be favored over percutaneous gallbladder drainage where both techniques are available, owing to the lower rates of adverse events and need for re-interventions in EUS-GBD.

Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence.

6 ESGE recommends EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), in an expert setting, for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, as an alternative to enteral stenting or surgery.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

7 ESGE recommends that EUS-GE may be considered in the management of afferent loop syndrome, especially in the setting of malignancy or in poor surgical candidates.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

8 ESGE suggests that endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) can be offered, in expert centers, to patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass following multidisciplinary decision-making, with the aim of overcoming the invasiveness of laparoscopy-assisted ERCP and the limitations of enteroscopy-assisted ERCP.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.