bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic and Lipidomic Assessment of the In Vivo Effects of Parishin A-Isorhynchophylline in Rat Migraine Models
Authors: Zhou Chaoqun , He Mingzhen , Peng Chunyan , Yu Jianjun , Li Zhifeng , Zhou Maofu , Li Yan , Yang Shilin , Ouyang Hui , Feng Yulin
Published: July 2020

Migraine is a chronic brain disease that leads to periodic neurological attacks. Parishin A and isorhynchophylline (PI) is the active monomer component extracted from the traditional antimigraine Chinese medicinal combination of Gastrodia and Uncaria, respectively. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technology, we performed pharmacokinetic and lipidomic study on migraine model rats after administration of PI. For the detection of the compounds in plasma, AB Sciex Triple Quad™ 4500 was applied for quantitative analysis, and the COSMOSIL C18column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) was used for separation. Isorhynchophylline (ISO:m/z384.8–241.2) and its main metabolite rhynchophylline (RHY:m/z384.8–160.2) were simultaneously detected under positive ion modes. Besides, parishin A (PA:m/z995.1–726.9) and its main metabolite gastrodin (GAS:m/z331.1–123.0) were simultaneously detected with negative ion modes. For the analysis of endogenous lipid components, Dionex Ultimate 3000 (UHPLC) Thermo Orbitrap Elite was applied for the detection, and the Waters UPLCRBEH C18column (1.7 μm 100 ∗ 2.1 mm) was used for separation. Chloroform/methanol (2 : 1,v : v) was used for extraction. The results demonstrated that PI exists significant difference in metabolism between single- and coadministration and can regulate lipid levels associated with migraine.
Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy
Authors: Byun Hayoung , Oh Min-Kyun , Lee Chang Han
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To report the effects of scrambler therapy in patients diagnosed with failed back surgery syndromes and to analyze the factors affecting pain before and after the therapy. Methods. This study included 26 patients (12 males and 14 females). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) before and after scrambler therapy, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score before therapy, and residual pain after therapy were assessed. The changes in the ODI, BPI, and residual pain before and after the therapy were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlation analysis and Fisher’s exact test were used to confirm the correlation between BDI and other factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify independent factors predicting residual pain, posttherapy ODI, and posttherapy BPI. Results. The ODI changed from 25.69 ± 7.98 to 21.80 ± 9.41 (p<0.05), and the BPI changed from 68.96 ± 18.00 to 61.62 ± 20.27 after scrambler therapy (p<0.05). In addition, residual pain changed from 100 to 76.15 (p<0.05). The BDI was negatively correlated with the duration of scrambler therapy and positively correlated with the initial OPD and BPI. In multiple regression analysis, residual pain was significantly correlated with the BDI (p<0.05). Conclusion. Scrambler therapy can be used to change the total scores of the ODI and BPI after 5 sessions of treatment. Also, residual pain was significantly related to the BDI. Clinical significance of depression severity on pain should be further investigated via prospective studies.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Types of Broiler Skeletal Muscle Fibers Using the RNA‐seq Technique
Authors: Wang Han , Shen Zhonghao , Zhou Xiaolong , Yang Songbai , Yan Feifei , He Ke , Zhao Ayong
Published: July 2020

The difference in muscle fiber types is very important to the muscle development and meat quality of broilers. At present, the molecular regulation mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber‐type transformation in broilers are still unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes between breast and leg muscles in broilers were analyzed using RNA‐seq. A total of 767 DEGs were identified. Compared with leg muscle, there were 429 upregulated genes and 338 downregulated genes in breast muscle. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single organism processes, cells, and cellular components, as well as binding and catalytic activity. KEGG analysis shows that a total of 230 DEGs were mapped to 126 KEGG pathways and significantly enriched in the four pathways of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, insulin signalling pathways, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to verify the differential expression of 7 selected DEGs, and the results were consistent with RNA‐seq data. In addition, the expression profile of MyHC isoforms in chicken skeletal muscle cells showed that with the extension of differentiation time, the expression of fast fiber subunits (types IIA and IIB) gradually increased, while slow muscle fiber subunits (type I) showed a downward trend after 4 days of differentiation. The differential genes screened in this study will provide some new ideas for further understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle fiber transformation in broilers.
On the Maximal-Adjacency-Spectrum Unicyclic Graphs with Given Maximum Degree
Authors: Song Haizhou , Tian Lulu
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the properties and structure of the maximal-adjacency-spectrum unicyclic graphs with given maximum degree. We obtain some necessary conditions on the maximal-adjacency-spectrum unicyclic graphs in the set of unicyclic graphs with n vertices and maximum degree Δ and describe the structure of the maximal-adjacency-spectrum unicyclic graphs in the set. Besides, we also give a new upper bound on the adjacency spectral radius of unicyclic graphs, and this new upper bound is the best upper bound expressed by vertices n and maximum degree Δ from now on.
Gene Expression Profiling in Uveal Melanoma: Five-Year Prospective Outcomes and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aaberg Thomas M. , Covington Kyle R. , Tsai Tony , Shildkrot Yevgeniy , Plasseraud Kristen M. , Alsina Katherina M. , Oelschlager Kristen M. , Monzon Federico A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The prognostic 15-gene expression profile (15-GEP) test for uveal melanoma (UM) predicts metastatic risk based on primary tumor biology. Here we report outcomes from a prospective registry of 15-GEP-tested patients, and a meta-analysis with published cohorts. Objectives: Management and 5-year clinical outcomes following 15-GEP testing were evaluated. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with 15-GEP results were prospectively enrolled at four centers. Physician-recommended management plans were collected, and clinical outcomes tracked every 6 months. Results: Eighty percent of Class 1 (low-risk) patients underwent low-intensity management; all Class 2 (high-risk) patients underwent high-intensity management (p < 0.0001). Median follow-up for event-free patients was 4.9 years. Five Class 1 (10%) and 23 Class 2 (58%) tumors metastasized (p < 0.0001). Five-year Class 1 and 2 metastasis-free survival rates were 90% (81–100%) and 41% (27–62%; p < 0.0001), and melanoma-specific survival rates were 94% (87–100%) and 63% (49–82%; p = 0.0007). Class 2 was the only independent predictor of metastasis and was associated with increased risk for metastasis and mortality by meta-analysis. Conclusions: UM patient management is guided by 15-GEP testing. Class 2 patients were managed more intensely, in accordance with an observed metastatic rate of >50%; Class 1 patients were safely spared intensive surveillance, resulting in appropriate utilization of healthcare resources.
Rapunzel Alopecia: A Peculiar Form of Non-Marginal Traction Alopecia Secondary to Excessively Long Hair
Authors: Lobato-Berezo Alejandro , Tormo-Mainar Sara , Pujol Ramón M.
Published: July 2020

Traction alopecia (TA) is an underreported scarring alopecia in children and adolescents. TA occurs from chronic tensile forces on the hair and can be caused by different hairstyles that pull the hair tightly, such as regularly wearing braids, ponytails, cornrows, dreadlocks, and weaves, or by treating hair with rollers, hair extensions, or chemical relaxers.
Corpos Celestes, Misturas Terrenas
Authors: Ribeiro Balieiro Marcos
Published: July 2020

Ao longo da obra de David Hume, as mulheres são retratadas de maneiras bastante diferentes, e, por vezes, difíceis de reconciliar. Em algumas passagens, o chamado belo sexo é mostrado como inconstante e dado a paixões intensas. Em outras, parece que as mulheres teriam vantagens inegáveis sobre os homens no que diz respeito a questões relativas ao gosto, o que, para o filósofo escocês, as tornaria mais sensatas. Pretende-se, neste artigo, propor uma leitura do modo como Hume apresenta as mulheres que, a partir de alguns dos Ensaios, mas também com referências ocasionais ao Tratado da Natureza Humana e a Uma Investigação sobre os Princípios da Moral, permita observar que Hume pretende, mesmo em textos nos quais a mulher é apresentada em situação de inferioridade, defender que, com a educação adequada, ela constituiria o melhor modelo não apenas no que diz respeito à sociabilidade, mas também à filosofia e às chamadas belles lettres
O Valor Turístico e Educacional dos Geossítios no Geopark Bodoquena-Pantanal/MS
Authors: Lunas Maria Cristiane Fernandes da Silva , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de
Published: July 2020

Os geoparques são territórios que apresentam áreas com ocorrências capazes de ilustrar importantes fenômenos e processos geológicos, que agreguem valores culturais e ecológicos, e onde se pode implementar um processo de desenvolvimento pautado na sustentabilidade e com o envolvimento da comunidade local. A correta catalogação dos geossítios nas áreas onde se propõe a implementação de um geoparque pode se mostrar uma ferramenta importante para direcionar as estratégias de desenvolvimento desses territórios. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma quantificação do potencial uso educacional e do potencial uso turístico dos geossítios do Geopark Bodoquena-Pantanal, discutindo-os com seu potencial risco de degradação. Para atingir os objetivos os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se em: atividades pré-campo – nas quais se buscou levantar as informações já existentes sobre as áreas em estudo, bem como o contato inicial para autorização de visita técnica; atividades de campo – nas quais visitou-se as áreas levantando as informações necessárias para a pesquisa; atividades pós-campo – o inventário dos geossítios e sítios geológicos. Como resultado, identificou-se que os sítios mais bem ranqueados enquanto sítios da geodiversidade e com menor risco de degradação distribuem-se pelas duas regiões: Sudoeste (Bonito-Serra da Bodoquena) e Pantanal, e que essas áreas têm grande potencial para receber visitantes em curto prazo, o que pode elevar as chances de implantação e consolidação do Geopark Bodoquena-Pantanal.
Inserção dos Turismólogos Brasileiros no Mercado de Trabalho
Authors: Silva Luana , Holanda Luciana , Leal Sérgio Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Pela elevada capacidade de gerar empregos, o turismo esteve sempre presente no discurso governamental como vetor de desenvolvimento econômico no país. Entretanto, apesar da crescente demanda turística e do consequente incentivo aos programas de formação profissional para a atividade turística, os turismólogos enfrentam dificuldades em inserir-se no mercado de trabalho. O desequilíbrio entre oferta e demanda de mão de obra qualificada, o desconhecimento dos empregadores sobre em que consiste um curso superior em turismo e a formação superior desalinhada com as necessidades das empresas turísticas são alguns dos problemas que marcam o cenário do turismo no Brasil. Diante dessa problemática, o presente estudo investigou a inserção dos turismólogos formados no Brasil no mercado de trabalho por meio de uma survey on-line com 322 respondentes de diversas regiões do país. Os respondentes, predominantemente, do gênero feminino, com idade entre 20 e 30 anos, nível de graduação e domínio de inglês ou espanhol, atuam, principalmente, na docência e agenciamento de viagens e recebem uma remuneração mensal de um a três salários mínimos. Os pesquisados qualificam o curso superior de turismo como importante ou muito importante para a prática profissional e se consideram satisfeitos ou pouco satisfeitos com sua atuação no mercado de trabalho.
Retrato e história. A pintura em Joshua Reynolds
Authors: Nascimento Luís F. S.
Published: July 2020

Célebre pintor do século XVIII, Joshua Reynolds apresentou ao longo dos anos 1769-1790 discursos para Royal Academy of Arts. Neles, expõe uma concepção de pintura que privilegia os quadros históricos. No entanto, o próprio Reynolds pratica a pintura de retratos. Analisar em que medida a feitura de retratos não entra em contradição com o argumento segundo o qual os quadros históricos são aqueles que melhor representam o gênero pictórico é o que se busca problematizar neste texto.
Late I
Na
Blocker GS967 Supresses Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Transgenic Rabbit Model of Long QT Type 2
Authors: Hwang Jungmin , Kim Tae Yun , Terentyev Dmitry , Zhong Mingwang , Kabakov Anatoli Y. , Bronk Peter , Arunachalam Karuppiah , Belardinelli Luiz , Rajamani Sridharan , Kunitomo Yukiko , Pfeiffer Zachary , Lu Yichun , Peng Xuwen , Odening Katja E. , Qu Zhilin , Karma Alain , Koren Gideon , Choi Bum-Rak
Published: July 2020

Background:

Long QT syndrome has been associated with sudden cardiac death likely caused by early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardias (PVTs). Suppressing the late sodium current (I
NaL
) may counterbalance the reduced repolarization reserve in long QT syndrome and prevent EADs and PVTs.

Methods:

We tested the effects of the selective I
NaL
blocker GS967 on PVT induction in a transgenic rabbit model of long QT syndrome type 2 using intact heart optical mapping, cellular electrophysiology and confocal Ca
2+
imaging, and computer modeling.

Results:

GS967 reduced ventricular fibrillation induction under a rapid pacing protocol (n=7/14 hearts in control versus 1/14 hearts at 100 nmol/L) without altering action potential duration or restitution and dispersion. GS967 suppressed PVT incidences by reducing Ca
2+
-mediated EADs and focal activity during isoproterenol perfusion (at 30 nmol/L, n=7/12 and 100 nmol/L n=8/12 hearts without EADs and PVTs). Confocal Ca
2+
imaging of long QT syndrome type 2 myocytes revealed that GS967 shortened Ca
2+
transient duration via accelerating Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger (I
NCX
)-mediated Ca
2+
efflux from cytosol, thereby reducing EADs. Computer modeling revealed that I
NaL
potentiates EADs in the long QT syndrome type 2 setting through (1) providing additional depolarizing currents during action potential plateau phase, (2) increasing intracellular Na
+
(Na
i
) that decreases the depolarizing I
NCX
thereby suppressing the action potential plateau and delaying the activation of slowly activating delayed rectifier K
+
channels (I
Ks
), suggesting important roles of I
NaL
in regulating Na
i
.

Conclusions:

Selective I
NaL
blockade by GS967 prevents EADs and abolishes PVT in long QT syndrome type 2 rabbits by counterbalancing the reduced repolarization reserve and normalizing Na
i
.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Intronic CRISPR Repair in a Preclinical Model of Noonan Syndrome–Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hanses Ulrich , Kleinsorge Mandy , Roos Lennart , Yigit Gökhan , Li Yun , Barbarics Boris , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Lan Huan , Tiburcy Malte , Hindmarsh Robin , Lenz Christof , Salinas Gabriela , Diecke Sebastian , Müller Christian , Adham Ibrahim , Altmüller Janine , Nürnberg Peter , Paul Thomas , Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus , Hasenfuss Gerd , Wollnik Bernd , Cyganek Lukas
Published: July 2020

Background:

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multisystemic developmental disorder characterized by common, clinically variable symptoms, such as typical facial dysmorphisms, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability as well as cardiac hypertrophy. The underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function of the RAS–mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms, especially of the associated cardiomyopathy, remains limited and effective therapeutic options are lacking.

Methods:

Here, we present a family with two siblings displaying an autosomal recessive form of NS with massive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as clinically the most prevalent symptom caused by biallelic mutations within the leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (
LZTR1
). We generated induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes of the affected siblings and investigated the patient-specific cardiomyocytes on the molecular and functional level.

Results:

Patients’ induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes recapitulated the hypertrophic phenotype and uncovered a so-far-not-described causal link between LZTR1 dysfunction, RAS–mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling hyperactivity, hypertrophic gene response and cellular hypertrophy. Calcium channel blockade and MEK inhibition could prevent some of the disease characteristics, providing a molecular underpinning for the clinical use of these drugs in patients with NS, but might not be a sustainable therapeutic option. In a proof-of-concept approach, we explored a clinically translatable intronic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) repair and demonstrated a rescue of the hypertrophic phenotype.

Conclusions:

Our study revealed the human cardiac pathogenesis in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes from NS patients carrying biallelic variants in
LZTR1
and identified a unique disease-specific proteome signature. In addition, we identified the intronic CRISPR repair as a personalized and in our view clinically translatable therapeutic strategy to treat NS-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Affinity-Enhanced Multimeric VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) Variants for Specific Adsorption of sFlt-1 to Restore Angiogenic Balance in Preeclampsia
Authors: Matin Mahsa , Mörgelin Matthias , Stetefeld Jörg , Schermer Bernhard , Brinkkoetter Paul T. , Benzing Thomas , Koch Manuel , Hagmann Henning
Published: July 2020

Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening multisystem disease affecting 4% to 8% of pregnant women after the 20th week of gestation. An excess of placental expressed antiangiogenic soluble VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-receptor 1 (soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1) scavenges VEGF and PlGF (placental growth factor), causing generalized endothelial dysfunction. Interventions to restore the angiogenic balance in preeclamptic pregnancies are intensively studied and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Especially extracorporeal strategies to remove sFlt-1 are promising in human pregnancy. However, available apheresis systems adsorb sFlt-1 unspecifically and with low efficiency. Affinity-enhanced ligands are needed to improve performance and compatibility of apheresis treatments. Using computerized molecular modeling, we developed multimeric VEGF molecules comprised of single-chain VEGF
165
dimers (scVEGF
165
). A short peptide linker hampers intrachain dimerization to induce assembly preferably as tetrameric molecules as visualized in negative staining electron microscopy. scVEGF
165
multimers possess 1.2-fold higher affinity for sFlt-1 as compared to the available antibodies or monomeric VEGF. Consequently, scVEGF multimers have the ability to competitively release sFlt-1 bound PlGF and, in particular, VEGF. In ex vivo adsorption experiments using serum samples from patients with preeclampsia, scVEGF multimers reduce sFlt-1 levels by 85% and increase PlGF and VEGF levels by 20- and 9-fold, respectively. Finally, performance and stability of sFlt-1 capturing scVEGF
165
multimers were scrutinized on different matrices of which biocompatible agarose matrix yielded optimal results. We introduce the first VEGF-based highly efficient sFlt-1 apheresis system that is directly applicable in vivo due to utilization of inert agarose matrix, using a homomultimeric form of VEGF
165
to restore the angiogenic balance in preeclampsia.
Leveillula guilanensis (Erysiphales, Ascomycota): a new record from Europe with notes on the biogeography of the genus

Authors: GARRIDO-BENAVENT ISAAC , GÓMEZ-BOLEA ANTONIO , BENÍTEZ GUILLERMO
Published: July 2020

Powdery mildews are the subject of intense research due to their negative impact on agriculture or horticulture. The genetic diversity of these ascomycete fungi has only been surveyed in the last decades to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries, to propose new taxa, and to assess their biogeographic history. However, many of the resulting studies are revealing only a partial picture because of the uneven species sampling across the globe. Here, we studied three Leveillula collections occurring on wild plant species in the Iberian Peninsula, a region which lacked any previous knowledge on the genus’ genetic diversity. Our study provides the first record of L. guilanensis in Europe based on specimens from two distant localities in the Iberian Peninsula; the species was so far known only from Iran. It grew on living Chondrilla juncea and was parasitized by the hyperparasite fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis. The morphological and phylogenetic assignment of another collection to L. lanuginosa is reported as well. Furthermore, we inferred a chronogram based on an Erysiphales nrITS substitution rate that dated the crown node of Leveillula back to 22.48 million years ago. Clades including the Iberian Peninsula samples originated and diversified through the Neogene (Miocene to Pleistocene). These results suggest an overall older time frame for the evolution of Leveillula compared to previous works. All in all, the present study provides additional avenues for discussing the evolutionary and biogeographic history of this genus of powdery mildews.
Psoralea bituminosa var. atropurpurea (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae) from Morocco recognised as a distinct species in Bituminaria

Authors: BOGDANOVIĆ SANDRO , BRULLO CRISTIAN , BRULLO SALVATORE , CAMBRIA SALVATORE , GIUSSO DEL GALDO GIANPIETRO
Published: July 2020

Within taxonomic studies on the genus Bituminaria in Morocco, a population previously attributed to Psoralea bituminosa var. atropurpurea is examined. Basing on morphological investigations carried out on living and herbarium material coming from the type locality, it is treated as a distinct species and here proposed as Bituminaria atropurpurea comb. et stat. nov. This species differs from B. bituminosa s.str., as well as from other known taxa of the genus, in several features of the leaves, inflorescence, flowers and pods, as well as the micro-morphology of seeds, pods and pollen grains. Its distribution, ecology and relationships with B. antiatlantica and other allied species, such as B. basaltica and B. tunetana, are also examined. Besides, its detailed iconography and an analytical key of the species currently ascribed to this genus are provided.
Orthomnion elimbatum (Mniaceae, Bryophyta), a Malesian and Australian species new to China and Vietnam based on molecular data

Authors: YI YAN-JUN , XIAO XIAO-XUAN , LI YAN , HE SI
Published: July 2020

Orthomnion elimbatum (Mniaceae) is herein reported new to China and Vietnam, representing the first record of the species northwards outside the Malesian and Australian regions. The species differs from the closely related species O. dilatatum by having undulate leaf margin, almost isodiametric laminal cells, and unbordered apical leaf margins. Confirmation of the species identity is validated by a molecular analysis based on rps4 and trnL-F sequences.
Kurtkrammeria tiancaiensis sp. nov. a new cymbelloid species (Bacillariophyceae) from Lijiang Laojunshan National Park in Yunnan Province, China

Authors: ZHANG WEI , GU XUE-WEI , BAO MING-YAN , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , BLANCO SAÙL , LI YAN-LING
Published: July 2020

During a survey of freshwater diatoms from a mountain lake, Lake Tiancai, Laojunshan National Park, Hengduan Mountain Range, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, China, a new Kurtkrammeria species, Kurtkrammeria tiancaiensis sp. nov. was recorded. A detailed morphological description of K. tiancaiensis is presented, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The main features of K. tiancaiensis include slightly dorsiventral valves with narrowly rounded, or slightly protracted ends, a wide central area, apical pore fields at both poles and lack of stigmata. The new species is compared with K. treinishii, K. weilandii, K. lacusglacialis and K. eileencoxiae (≡ Gomphonema eileencoxiae), all of which show similar valve outlines to K. tiancaiensis, but differ in details of size, striae density, puncta density, number of apical pore fields, shape of the central area and/or presence of stigmata.
Viola tovarii (Violaceae), a new species for Peruvian high Andes

Authors: GONZÁLES PAÚL , MOLINA-ALOR JOHANNY
Published: July 2020

We describe and illustrate Viola tovarii P. Gonzáles & J. Molina-Alor, a new species of Viola section Andinium from the high Andes of southwest Peru. Special emphasis is placed on the color and size of the flowers and leaves, style crest form, and presence or absence of stipules, which are key characters that were undervalued in previous taxonomic treatments dealing with this species assemblage. The species is illustrated and a photograph of the living plant is included.
Rediscovery of Crucianella parviflora (Rubiaceae), after more than 70 years of its original collection—a new record for the flora of Iran

Authors: MAROOFI HOSEIN , RASTEGAR AZAD
Published: July 2020

After a gap of 71 years of its original collection in Iraq, Crucianella parviflora is rediscovered from Kurdistan, Iran. A detailed morphometric treatment of the species is provided here. Its taxonomic relationships with the other related species are discussed as well. Our analyses on the conservation status of C. parviflora based on IUCN criteria and categories ranked it as Vulnerable (VU).
Fungus-feeding thrips of the genus Stephanothrips in Australia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J.
Published: July 2020

Five species of Stephanothrips are now recorded from Australia, of which one is found worldwide, four are endemic, and two are described here as new species. S. broomei is remarkable for its colour pattern, and S. howei is only the fourth member of the genus to have a prominent hamus on the external margin of the fore tarsus. An illustrated key is provided to distinguish these five species.
A new species of Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging inflorescence of Carya cathayensis (Juglandaceae) in China
Authors: JIAO KE-LONG , WANG HAO , HUANG JUN-HAO , HAN PEI-JIN , ZHANG LONG-WA , JIAO XUE , WU ZHI-HUI , ZHANG JING , WANG YUAN-HONG , BU WEN-JUN , KOLESIK PETER
Published: July 2020

Chinese hickory, Carya cathayensis Sargent (Juglandaceae), is a tree naturally occurring and industrially grown in China for the nuts that are valued for their taste and nutrient content. Larvae of a previously unknown species of gall midge were found feeding on male and female inflorescences of Carya cathayensis in Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces in eastern China, reducing pollination and fruit development, and causing substantial damage to the nut industry. The new species is named Contarinia caryafloralis Jiao, Bu & Kolesik, its morphology is described, the basic biology is given, and the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene segment is sequenced. Contarinia caryafloralis is the first gall midge known to feed on a Carya species native to Asia.
Description of the egg of Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) (Diptera: Culicidae) using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: MARCONDES CARLOS BRISOLA , DE MELLO CECÍLIA FERREIRA , BASTOS AMANDA QUEIROZ , MONTARSI FABRIZIO , ALENCAR JERONIMO , SANTOS-MALLET JACENIR
Published: July 2020

The egg of Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) [=Aedes koreicus (Edwards)], an invasive mosquito in Europe, is described from material obtained in Italy. Eggs are cigar-shaped and tapered posteriorly. They are 667.5 ±47.27 µm in length, and the width posteriorly, in the middle and near the micropyle is, respectively, 113.18 ±10.07, 182.5 ±26.92 and 142.25 ±13.85µm. The outer chorion has groups of tubercles, 3 or 4 in an irregular row in the anterior region and 4–6 irregularly dispersed in cavities surrounded by a covering similar to a membrane. The micropyle is surrounded by an irregular collar, and groups of tubercles are less defined in this region. This pattern is different from the egg described for any other mosquito species.
Perlesta armitagei n. sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae): More cryptic diversity in darkly pigmented Perlesta from the eastern Nearctic
Authors: GRUBBS SCOTT A. , DEWALT R. EDWARD
Published: July 2020

Perlesta Banks, 1906 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) is a genus of small, summer-emergent stoneflies known primarily from the eastern Nearctic. Thirty-two species are currently recognized, including two from China and nymphs have been reported from Costa Rica. We report here on some cryptic diversity within a small group of Perlesta with dark wings and bodies. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. is described from the adult male, adult female, and egg. Diagnostic characters are presented with light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. most closely resembles P. browni Stark, 1989 and P. cinctipes (Banks, 1905), two species distributed mainly within the Interior Highland Region. Perlesta armitagei sp. nov. is known currently within the Ohio River drainage from Indiana eastward to western Pennsylvania and southward into central Kentucky. Comparative light microscope and SEM images are also provided for P. adena Stark, 1989, P. browni, P. cinctipes, and P. xube Stark and Rhodes, 1997 in an effort to better define the morphological concepts of these dark colored species.
New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , GOROCHOV ANDREI V. , BAROGA-BARBECHO JESSICA B. , YAP SHERYL A.
Published: July 2020

Recent orthopteran sampling at Laguna in Luzon Island of the Philippines revealed noteworthy crickets from the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae. We describe one species new to science from the subfamily Podoscirtinae: Mnesibulus laguna n. sp. We record new locality and complete the genitalia description of Phaloria (Phaloria) modulator (Saussure, 1878), previously described with incomplete parts of genitalia in the holotype. We also differentiate Duolandrevus (Jorama) curtipennis Chopard, 1937 from Laguna which varies slightly from the subspecies from Palawan and Mindoro.
Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
Authors: ZHU QIDI , CHEN HUIMING , SHI FUMING
Published: July 2020

This paper describes eight new cave-dwelling species of the genus Tachycines from Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Sichuan, i.e. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) liboensis sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) bifolius sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) tuberus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) paradoxus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) umbellus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) nulliscleritus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) taenus sp. nov. and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) latiliconcavus sp. nov. The females of T. (G.) ferecaecus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006) and T. (G.) proximus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006) are first recorded. Moreover, we consider T. (G.) aspes (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008) as a valid species instead of a synonym of T. (G.) proximus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006) according to obviously different reduction of fastigium verticis and eyes, higher number of spines on the hind tibia and the shape of male genitalia. Furthermore, Eutachycines crenatus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006) should be retransferred to the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) due to the diagnosis of genus Eutachycines: dorsal sclerite of male genitalia with a protuberance in the upper part. Therefore, it should still belong to the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta). In addition, morphological photographs of the eight new species and five known species are provided, including eyeless species.
Frontal Instability and Energy Dissipation in a Submesoscale Upwelling Filament
Authors: Peng Jen-Ping , Holtermann Peter , Umlauf Lars
Published: July 2020

Based on high-resolution turbulence microstructure and near-surface velocity data, frontal instability and its relation to turbulence are investigated inside a transient upwelling filament in the Benguela upwelling system (southeast Atlantic). The focus of our study is a sharp submesoscale front located at the edge of the filament, characterized by persistent downfront winds, a strong frontal jet, and vigorous turbulence. Our analysis reveals three distinct frontal stability regimes. (i) On the light side of the front, a 30–40-m-deep turbulent surface layer with low potential vorticity (PV) was identified. This low-PV region exhibited a well-defined two-layer structure with a convective (Ekman-forced) upper layer and a stably stratified lower layer, where turbulence was driven by forced symmetric instability (FSI). Dissipation rates in this region scaled with the Ekman buoyancy flux, in excellent quantitative agreement with recent numerical simulations of FSI. (ii) Inside the cyclonic flank of the frontal jet, near the maximum of the cross-front density gradient, the cyclonic vorticity was sufficiently strong to suppress FSI. Turbulence in this region was driven by marginal shear instability. (iii) Inside the anticyclonic flank of the frontal jet, conditions for mixed inertial/symmetric instability were satisfied. Our data provide direct evidence for the relevance of FSI, inertial instability, and marginal shear instability for overall kinetic energy dissipation in submesoscale fronts and filaments.
Monitoring the Restoration of a Seventeenth-Century Wooden Artwork Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Gómez-Morón María Auxiliadora , Ortiz Rocío , Colao Francesco , Fantoni Roberta , Gómez-Villa José Luis , Becerra Javier , Ortiz Pilar
Published: July 2020

The present paper is aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of digital image analysis (DIA) to support conservation of painted artwork. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging has been usually used in the diagnosis of wall paintings. In this case, LIF is applied to the case study of a painted wooden canopy, and most successful data processing techniques are presented in the discussion of results. The Jesús del Gran Poder canopy, completed by Francisco Ruiz Gijón in 1692, is an oil panel painting on wood. Eight panels of the canopy have been study by LIF. This technique is capable of remotely acquiring hyperspectral images operating in fluorescence mode following ultraviolet laser excitation. LIF spectra combined with principal component analysis, spectral angle mapper, and DIA provide a chemical mapping of the treated wooden surface of the panels. Besides, LIF spectrum is as a fingerprint of the panels that allows stablishing differences between them. LIF imaging analysis has proven to be a very useful tool for mapping retouching work, tracking previous restorations, and detecting chemicals on the wood in order to monitor restorations.
Who Would ‘Purge’? Low Self-Control, Psychopathy, and Offending in the Absence of Legal Controls
Authors: Meldrum Ryan C. , Lehmann Peter S. , Flexon Jamie L.
Published: July 2020

The assumption that people are inherently self-interested and that legal controls are needed to prevent crime underlies several criminological perspectives. In the current study, this assumption is tested by having a sample of 500 U.S. adults report on the likelihood they would engage in criminal behavior if all crime were legal on one day each year—a scenario depicted in the 2013 film The Purge. Based on the presumption that at least some individuals would “purge,” the extent to which low self-control and psychopathy are associated with the likelihood of purging is also considered. Results indicate that 18% of participants would be likely to purge. In addition, both low self-control and psychopathy are positively associated with the likelihood of purging.
Professor Beware: Liberating Faculty Voices of Color Working in Predominantly White Institutions and Geographic Settings
Authors: Reddick Richard J. , Taylor Betty Jeanne , Nagbe Mariama , Taylor Z. W.
Published: July 2020

Predominantly White institutions (PWIs) have prioritized the recruitment of underrepresented faculty of color. For these faculty, initial excitement about a new position may give way to concerns about workload, support, and the presence of communities of color at the locale. Navigating promotion, campus politics, and negotiating welcoming spaces in the community are challenging for faculty and their loved ones. This study of mid-tenure-track faculty at a PWI conveys narratives of their institutional satisfaction 1 to 5 years after hiring. Participants shared general satisfaction with the community and departmental experiences, though African American participants reported less satisfaction in the community. All presented concerns about cultural taxation, the steadily rising bar for tenure, and a lack of clarity about promotion standards.
Leader and organizational identification and organizational citizenship behaviors: Examining cross-lagged relationships and the moderating role of collective identity orientation
Authors: Marstand Anders Friis , Epitropaki Olga , van Knippenberg Daan , Martin Robin
Published: July 2020

People may identify with multiple entities at work, but how are different foci of identification related and how do they influence extra-role work behaviors? Drawing from social identity theory, our article examines: (a) the potential bidirectional relationship between leader and organizational identification; (b) the mediating role of organizational identification on the relationship between leader identification and organizational citizenship behavior (organization-targeted, OCBO); and (c) the moderating role of collective identity orientation on the indirect relationship between leader identification and OCBO via organizational identification. Cross-lagged analyses of two-time data in two independent studies provided support for identification generalization from leader identification to organizational identification and confirmed the hypothesized mediating role of organizational identification. Our results also confirmed the moderating role of collective identity orientation and showed that the relationship between leader identification and organizational identification was stronger for employees with low collective identity orientation. Support was also provided for moderated mediation. Overall, our findings showcase the importance of examining multiple identifications foci when studying social identification at work, and provide support for spillover effects of lower-order to higher-order identifications.
Indian Perspectives on the ‘Responsibility to Protect'
Authors: Singh Akanksha
Published: July 2020

The concept of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) took shape to refine the contested concept of ‘humanitarian intervention’. In the initial phase, the concept of R2P did not receive enthusiastic endorsement. Developing countries including India perceived it as a new body with the old spirit and likened it with the concept of humanitarian intervention, and this was reinforced by the US-led war against Iraq in 2003. However, the 2005 World Summit proved to be a watershed in the evolution of R2P, just as it is a landmark to understand an important phase of India’s approach to the idea. It would not be accurate to characterize India as a determined nay-sayer on R2P endorsement, particularly in view of the widely known priority India attached at the World Summit to the question of United Nations (UN) Security Council enlargement. Eventually, by 2009 (with the introduction of ‘three- pillar principles’ of R2P), India became a major proponent for the cautious and legitimate implementation of R2P. However, the experiences gained from Libya made India become a voice of caution in invoking forcible options under the R2P principle in Syria. In this article, the attempt has been made to articulate various permutations and combinations regarding India’s evolving approach to R2P on a case-by-case basis.
Sex Differences in Self-Construal and in Depressive Symptoms: Predictors of Cross-National Variation
Authors: Smith Peter B. , Easterbrook Matthew J. , al-Selim Heyla , Lun Vivian Miu Chi , Koc Yasin , Gul Pelin , Papastylianou Dona , Grigoryan Lusine , Torres Claudio , Efremova Maria , Hassan Bushra , Ahmad Abd Halim , al-Bayati Ahmed , Anderson Joel , Cross Susan E. , Delfino Gisela Isabel , Gamsakhurdia Vladimer , Gavreliuc Alin , Gavreliuc Dana , Gunsoy Ceren , Hakobjanyan Anna , Lay Siugmin , Lopukhova Olga , Hu Ping , Sunar Diane , Texeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Tripodi Doriana , Diaz Rivera Paola Eunice , van Osch Yvette , Yuki Masaki , Abbas Ammar , Ogusu Natsuki , Kwantes Catherine T. , Diaz-Loving Rolando , Perez Floriano Lorena , Chaleeraktrakoon Trawin , Chobthamkit Phatthanakit
Published: July 2020

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.
Education-Related Inequalities in Dental Services Use among Older Adults in 23 Countries
Authors: Andrade F. Bof de , Antunes J.L.F. , Andrade F.C.D. , Lima-Costa M.F.F. , Macinko J.
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to measure the magnitude of education-related inequalities in the use of dental services among older adults (aged 50 y or older) from a sizable multicountry sample of 23 upper-middle- and high-income countries. This study used cross-sectional data from nationally representative surveys of people aged 50 y and over. Countries included in the Health and Retirement Study surveys were the following: Brazil, China, South Korea, Mexico, United States, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Israel, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The dependent variable was the use of dental services, based on the self-report of having had a dental visit within the previous year, except for the United States and South Korea, which used 2-y recall periods. Educational level was used as the measure of socioeconomic position and was standardized across countries. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of dental services, and the magnitude of education inequalities in the use of dental services was assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) to measure absolute inequalities and the relative index of inequality for relative inequalities. The pooled prevalence of the use of dental services was 31.7% and ranged from 18.7% in China to 81.2% in Sweden. In the overall sample, the absolute difference in the prevalence of use between the lowest and highest educational groups was 20 percentage points. SII was significant for all countries except Portugal. Relative educational inequalities were significant for all countries and ranged from 3.2 in Poland to 1.2 in Sweden. There were significant education-related inequalities in the use of dental care by older adults in all countries. Monitoring these inequalities is critical to the planning and delivery of dental services.
Evaluation of secondary dentin deposition in lower first molars to indicate a legal age threshold of 14 years using receiver operating characteristic curves
Authors: Ravi Vishali , SP Amulya Sravan , Balla Sudheer B , Kanaparthi Alekhya , Ch Gayathri , N Laxmi Prasanna
Published: July 2020

The age threshold of 14 years has become vital in proving legal violations involving children, particularly in cases of suspected child labour, child pornography and the minimum age of criminal responsibility. In recent years, there has been great interest in the evaluation of age in children and sub-adults using analysis of regressive changes in teeth, with a particular focus on age thresholds that are of medico-legal importance. This research aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of stages of root pulp visibility by Olze et al. in a sample of South Indian children aged between 12 and 16 years, with an age threshold of 14 years, using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Among the four stages of root pulp visibility, stage 2 showed the highest AUC in both female and male cohorts. For stage 2, lower sensitivity and higher specificity values were recorded, indicating the possibility of type II errors (i.e. false negatives). In both sexes, stage 2 had a higher AUC (i.e. 0.696 in females and 0.706 in males, respectively). Based on our findings, it can be concluded that this staging method in lower first molars is of limited value in indicating the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future research should validate the proposed approach in a larger sample and consider how to improve predictions in this area.
Septic emboli from pyomyositis
Authors: Mantilla-Flórez Yesid Fabián , Echeverry-Díaz Tatiana , de la Espriella Laura Duarte , Tuta-Quintero Eduardo Andrés
Published: July 2020

Pyomyositis commonly presents with fever, muscle pain and abscess formation involving deep soft-tissue compartments. Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative organism and diagnosis is usually established clinically, supported by imaging, but confirmation may be achieved by histopathological examination. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement are the cornerstone of treatment. Its prognosis is good but, as in all soft-tissue infections, it depends on early intervention, directed antibiotics and, if indicated, prompt surgery. In this paper, we describe a case of pelvic pyomyositis complicated with bacteraemia and bilateral septic pulmonary emboli in a young man in Colombia.