bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispositifs de recherche, d’intervention
et d’action collective : quelles influences réciproques en protection de
l’enfance ?
Authors: Robin Pierrine
Published: March 2020

Cadre de la recherche: Cet article
s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche participative en protection de
l’enfance, ayant donné lieu à la mobilisation de chercheurs universitaires et
pairs dans un processus d’enquête, de consultation politique puis de
mobilisation collective.

Objectifs: Il interroge les liens d’influence réciproques entre dispositif de
recherche, dispositif d’intervention et action collective en protection de
l’enfance, en France.

Méthodologie: Pour ce faire, il mobilise
les données issues du journal de bord de la recherche et propose une analyse de
l’enquête.

Résultats: Dans cet article, nous
montrons que le dispositif analytique participatif permet de développer de
nouvelles formes de connaissance, en instaurant un nouveau rapport entre théorie
et pratique, et de nouveaux modes de relation entre chercheurs, décideurs et
usagers. Toutefois, nous soulignons également le risque que ce dispositif
analytique innovant perde de sa fonction critique dans son rapport à des
institutions cherchant à incorporer la critique tout en réduisant sa portée.

Conclusions: Il reste que ce travail
montre que les dispositifs de recherche sont modelés par les dispositifs
d’accompagnement dans un contexte où la participation des usagers devient la
pierre angulaire de légitimation de l’utilité du travail social. En retour, les
dispositifs de recherche peuvent participer à influencer les dispositifs
d’accompagnement en développant de nouveaux processus de coproduction des
savoirs et de reconnaissance des places et des rôles des chercheurs, décideurs,
enfants et jeunes concernés, rendant possible l’émergence d’actions collectives.

Contribution: Dans la lignée des
recherches interventions et des recherches « avec », cet article apporte une
contribution à la réflexion sur les liens entre recherche et action
publique.
'Storytelling', ficción, juego y educación: Cazadores de Historias del Futuro
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: March 2020

Cada vez es más frecuente que profesionales y académicos del ámbito de la educación o de la comunicación experimenten con las relaciones entre el arte de inventar, desarrollar y (hacer) vivir historias de ficción, lo que llamamos storytelling y la educación. Así, hechos históricos narrativizados en forma de relato, juegos con componentes narrativos orientados al aprendizaje o proyecciones de futuro a través de ficción y juegos de imaginación son algunos ejemplos. En este artículo de COMeIN os presentaré un ejemplo de este último grupo, un proyecto de investigación que desarrollamos en 2017 y que tendrá continuidad este 2018: Cazadores de Historias del Futuro. Un juego que podréis disfrutar en el Festival de la Ciencia que tendrá lugar en el Parque de la Ciutadella los próximos 9 y 10 de junio.
Diseño y comportamiento
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: March 2020

El behavioural design o ‘diseño para el cambio de comportamiento’ es un campo emergente que combina teorías y métodos para entender el diseño como una herramienta para influir en el comportamiento de las personas. La idea ha arraigado con cierta fuerza en la comunidad de académicos de la economía del comportamiento, la psicología cognitiva y la teoría política y se está extendiendo rápidamente por el campo de los estudios de comunicación.
Push-pull competition between bottom-up and top-down auditory attention to natural soundscapes
Authors: Huang Nicholas , Elhilali Mounya
Published: March 2020

In everyday social environments, demands on attentional resources dynamically shift to balance our attention to targets of interest while alerting us to important objects in our surrounds. The current study uses electroencephalography to explore how the push-pull interaction between top-down and bottom-up attention manifests itself in dynamic auditory scenes. Using natural soundscapes as distractors while subjects attend to a controlled rhythmic sound sequence, we find that salient events in background scenes significantly suppress phase-locking and gamma responses to the attended sequence, countering enhancement effects observed for attended targets. In line with a hypothesis of limited attentional resources, the modulation of neural activity by bottom-up attention is graded by degree of salience of ambient events. The study also provides insights into the interplay between endogenous and exogenous attention during natural soundscapes, with both forms of attention engaging a common fronto-parietal network at different time lags.
Dataverse technical workshop
Authors: Tykhonov Vyacheslav
Published: March 2020

A presentation from the European Dataverse Workshop 2020.
The Dialogue between the Intestine-brain Axis: What is the Role of Probiotics?
Authors: Magalhães-Guedes Karina Teixeira
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Communication between intestine-brain axis is complex and uses different pathways. This communication forms a bidirectional axis whose equilibrium depends on the composition of the microbial community that inhabits the intestines. This ecosystem has a modulator role on the intestine-brain axis. Because of this, intestine-brain axis becomes a fascinating growing study area. The intestinal dysbiosis hurts the host's health and can lead to several psychiatric diseases.

Aim: The present opinion described highlight an emerging theme in medicine, the interesting communication that is established between the intestine-brain axis. The function that intestinal probiotic microorganisms play in the health and disease of the host's has been gaining prominence. This is a promising area with an increasing number of studies which demonstrates its importance.

Conclusion: In this context, the new class of probiotic microorganisms "psychobiotic" appear to have a significant role in the maintenance of eubiosis, revealing a new therapeutic potential for mental health.
Productivity and Fruit Quality of Manzanello and Picual Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars as Influenced by Spraying Lithovit under Different Irrigation Levels
Authors: Dobiea I. M. , El-Badawy H. E. M. , Hegazy A. A. H. , El-Gioushy S. F.
Published: March 2020

Olive tree is the favorable choice to cultivate in desert lands due to high stress tolerance of its tree. Although olive tree tolerates the low availability of water in the soil by means of morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations, the Productivity and fruit quality of it decrease gradually with increasing water stress. So we have initiated this study to follow up the effect of spraying Lithovit (Ca CO3 & Mg CO3) on the productivity and fruit quality of Picual and Manzanello olives which exposure to different irrigation levels. Four concentrations of Lithovit were sprayed on olive (Olea europaea var. Manzanello) trees (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/L) under three irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of evapotranspiration for crop “ETc”) during 2017, 2018 seasons.

Spraying Lithovit at 6 g/L recorded the highest values of all fruit physical characteristics of both cultivars in the two seasons. Furthermore, 2 g/L had the highest values of retained fruit percentage of both cultivars which led to increase the yield in the first and second seasons. Concerning irrigation levels, the values of fruit physical characteristics of both cultivars were the lowest values with applying 50% of ETc irrigation level. These values increased with decreasing water stress in the first and second seasons. Concerning retained fruit percentage and yield of Picual and Manzanello, the most promising level of irrigation was 75% of ETc level because it recorded the highest values of yield. Moreover 100% of ETc enhanced the fruit quality.
Finite Deformation of Internally Pressurized Spherical Compressible Rubber-Like Material
Authors: Egbuhuzor Udechukwu P. , Erumaka E. N.
Published: March 2020

The finite deformation of a compressible internally pressurized spherical synthetic ruber-like material governed by Levinson and Burgess strain energy function is analysed. The analysis led to a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the determination of stresses and displacements. Analytic solution is found impossible for now, hence, the solution is sought numerically using shooting method on mathematica and collocation method. The result of the two schemes were statistically compared using t-test to determine which method is better. Results obtained from the t-test is 1.0692 for the calculated value is less than the table valueof 1.725 and since the p-value is greater than 0.05, this shows that the two methods has no significant difference. We conclude the two methods are similar.
In-vitro Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Canthium coromandelicum Leaves
Authors: Salini S. Thiripura , Shankar S.
Published: March 2020

Oxidative stress plays a major role in diabetic complications. The study aim was to investigate the in-vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Canthium coromandelicum leaves. The plant material was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extract was screened for in-vitro antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The efficiency of the antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was evaluated against α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes. The study revealed that the C. coromandelicum extract exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value of 31.52 ± 0.42 and 41.49 ± 0.28 µg/mL respectively and compared with standard acarbose drug. The extract efficiently scavenging DPPH radical with IC50 values of 65.46 ± 0.50 µg/ml. Therefore, the extract could be a promising therapeutic in management of diabetic complications.
Descriptive Study of School Feeding Practices in Nigerian Children and the Risk of Dental Caries
Authors: Eigbobo Joycelyn O. , Onyejaka Nneka K.
Published: March 2020

Background: Nutrition is important in development, growth and maintenance of overall well being of an individual and plays a significant role in children’s cognitive, behavioural and emotional development. Poor diets may initiate or exacerbate chronic diseases including dental caries which has dietary fermentable carbohydrates as one of its aetiologies.

Objectives: To describe the school feeding practice in Nigerian schools and relate the contents  of their lunch boxes to risk of having dental caries and determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the content of lunch boxes.

Study Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study.

Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting participants from 12 schools in Southern Nigeria. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and contents of lunch boxes were elicited using structured questionnaires. The contents of lunch boxes were categorized as balanced (cooked meals with vegetables or fruits), overloaded (one cooked meal and snacks) and unbalanced-over loaded (no lunchbox, or greater than one snacks). Information elicited were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and the level of significance was set at <0.05.

Results: There were 152 (49.8%) males and 153 (50.2%) females with a mean age of 10.1 (+2.2) years who participated in the study. One hundred and fifty two (49.8%) pupils brought lunch boxes to school. The category of meals taken during lunch breaks was mostly [157 (51.5%)] unbalanced-overloaded. There were statistically significant associations between the mothers’ occupation (<0.001), number of siblings (p<0.001), type of school (p=0.001) and the presence of lunch boxes. There was also statistically significant association between the types of schools and contents of lunch packs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.116, CI=0.030-0.447; p=0.002) and number of siblings (OR=0.286; CI=0.097-0.841; p=0.023) were significant predictors of bringing lunch box to school.

Conclusion: Type of school, age of the children, their mothers’ social class/occupation and family size were significantly associated with possessing lunch packs. Their lunch meals were majorly confectioneries thus a high risk to dental caries.
Antioxidant Activities of Phycocyanin: A Bioactive Compound from Spirulina platensis
Authors: Gabr Gamal A. , El-Sayed Salwa M. , Hikal Mohamed S.
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: The cyanobacterium Spirulina also called blue green algae is a class of gram negative bacteria which possesses wide range of bioactive colored components as Phycocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophyll. Spirulina is one of the microalgae containing nutrients that have been used as a functional food in addition to therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical composition of Spirulina platensis biomass and its ethanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as, evaluate the antioxidant activities of the biomass, ethanolic, aqueous and the purified Phycocyanin.

Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions of Spirulina platensis were determined, as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts, Phycocyanin, Phycocyanopeptide and Phycocyanobilin using (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity.

Results: Results show that biomass has higher total proteins (49.72±0.508%), total carbohydrates (10.3±0.330%), moisture content (7.5±0.685%), lipids (7.2±0.105%) and Minerals (6.9±0.130%). In biomass, the total phenols (51.20±0.25 µg/mL) and flavonoids (97.73±1.858 µg/mL) were high compared to the ethanolic (49.48±0.130 and 69.07±1.814 µg/mL) and aqueous (15.27±0.639 and 4.67±0.611 µg/mL) extracts respectively. In the phenolic compounds, pyrogallol was identified as the major compound in biomass and aqueous extract (63.85 and 12.33%) respectively, E-vanillic acid in ethanolic (18.20 %), whereas, hespirdin (3.517 and1.639%) were major flavonoids found in aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The DPPH scavenging activity was found higher in ethanolic extract compared to aqueous while in bioactive, the order of antioxidant activity was Phycocyanin > Phycocyanobilin > Phycocyanopeptide.

Conclusions: The study data regarding to Spirulina nutritional value, makes Spirulina an excellent choice when formulating diets and combating malnutrition. Furthermore, it is a strong antioxidant and could be used as alternative treatments as anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Teaching Analytical Instrumental Analysis to Undergraduates in Specialized Degree Programs with Heterogeneous Prior Knowledge: Reflections on Inquiry Based Lecture Activities
Authors: Tucker Kirsten , Pingerelli Peter
Published: March 2020

An adjunct faculty member and graduate instructional assistant (GIA) introduced inquiry-based activities into a 20-student undergraduate analytical instrumental analysis (AIA) lecture course, and reflect on their teaching assumptions, practices and experiences. The increased need for interdisciplinary scientific programs now has an AIA course serving multiple Bachelor of Science degrees in environmental sciences, forensic sciences, molecular biology, and secondary science education. However, we learned degree specialization also introduces into a course, student populations possessing heterogeneous prior knowledge, making an instructor’s rendering of student prerequisite skills a greater challenge. Guided by a pretest assessment, instructional activities were modified or developed by the authors and aimed at enhancing student engagement and motivation to mitigate prior knowledge gaps, improve analytical problem-solving skills, and facilitate a deeper understanding of modern instrumentation design and function. Detailed activity rationale and descriptions are presented. Activities included using readily available Internet bioinformatics and database tools for analytical problem-solving; demonstrating principles of electronic hardware and software design and integration; and creating interdisciplinary scientific narratives using biological, environmental, and industrial molecular exemplars. Our teaching reflections reference weekly post-lecture instructor/GIA discussions, strategic student questioning, collaborative classroom activity observations, and formative assessments. We propose continual instructional reflection is essential for a course serving multiple specialized degrees programs in a scientific field and facilitates preparation for students entering the workforce or graduate school. Further, our observations suggest inquiry-based, real-world activities relevant to modern instrumentation and its applications, assisted students in resolving heterogeneous prior knowledge gaps.
Professional Profile: Facilitating Research Education to Research-Naïve, Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Miranda Sophia
Published: March 2020

Having available research education for novice researchers and other healthcare professionals not currently in the field, allows them to gain knowledge of federal regulations and guidelines associated with conducting human subject research in a healthcare setting. Research education also provides optimal procedures to conduct a successful research study. Therefore, the purpose of facilitating the Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC) 101 training to research-naïve healthcare professionals is to further their exposure to the field and expand their knowledge on the foundation of research, theories, design, and methodologies that are used to conduct clinical and social behavioral research.

Additionally, there is an end-of-training exam that allows the learner to demonstrate their knowledge on what they learned during the training, to ensure that each learner retains the knowledge given. As a result, the primary outcome to this activity is the knowledge gained by the learner.
Work-related injuries and illnesses and their association with hour of work: Analysis of the Oregon construction industry in the US using workers’ compensation accepted disabling claims, 2007-2013
Authors: Yang Liu , Branscum Adam , Smit Ellen , Dreher David , Howard Karen , Kincl Laurel
Published: March 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize injuries and illnesses among construction workers in the State of Oregon in the US and examine the association between injury frequency and severity with hour of work by using Workers’ Compensation (WC) accepted disabling claims data in the construction industry from 2007 to 2013.

Methods

Injury frequency, rate, medical cost, and lost work days were analyzed by year, demographics, employment, injury nature, and temporal factors including hour of work. Multiple linear regression models were used to quantify adjusted associations between hour of work and medical cost and lost work days (indicating injury severity).

Results

There were a total of 12 222 disabling claims in the Oregon construction industry. The average annual injury rate was 2.21 per 100 workers. Both the count and rate of disabling claims decreased during the study period. Male workers and young workers had higher injury rates, while medical cost and lost work days increased for older workers. Injuries occurring at night were more severe. The distribution of claims frequency by hour of work was bimodal, with peaks in the 4th and 8th hour. Compared with the first hour of work, the 5th and 13th hours corresponded to significantly more severe injuries and illnesses.

Conclusions

This study identified the burden and distribution of work-related injuries and illnesses in the Oregon construction industry. Continued intervention efforts should target certain subpopulations (eg, young workers) and certain working time periods (eg, mid- and end-shift) to protect construction workers’ safety and health.
D
esulfomicrobiaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.mi.cro.bi.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Desulfomicrobium
type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfomicrobiaceae
the
Desulfomicrobium
family.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfomicrobiaceae

Cells are rod‐shaped which occur singly, or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Often motile. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. All described species are chemoorganoheterotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs (requiring acetate or yeast extract as additional carbon source for growth on H
2
) with the exception of two species that were described as chemolithoautotrophs. Simple organic substrates like lactate, pyruvate, and ethanol are oxidized incompletely to acetate except formate, which is oxidized to CO
2
. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are common terminal electron acceptors that are reduced to H
2
S. Growth by fermentation of pyruvate (all members) and of some dicarboxylic short organic acids (varies between members). The family currently comprises genera
Desulfomicrobium and Thermodesulfomicrobium,
which include mesophilic (with optimum at 25–37°C) and moderate thermophilic (with optimum at 55°C) bacteria, correspondingly. All members are neutrophilic with optimum pH slightly higher (
Desulfomicrobium
) or lower (
Thermodesulfomicrobium
) than 7.0. The major menaquinones and cellular fatty acid composition are only known for a few mesophilic species that have MK‐6 and dominating fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
16:0
, C
17:0
, iso‐C
17:1
, C
17:1
ω10
c
, and C
18:0
. The type genus of the family is
Desulfomicrobium
. Members of the family could be found in various anoxic environmental, industrial, and biological sources with moderate and elevated temperatures and with freshwater, brackish, and marine level of salinity.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 57.8–63.6 (
T
m
, LC, genome data).

Type genus
:
Desulfomicrobium
Rozanova et al. 1988, VL49.
D
esulfobacteriaceae

fam. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.bac.te.ri.a.ce'ae, N.L. neut. n.
Desulfobacterium,
type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae,
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfobacteriaceae,
the family of
Desulfobacterium
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteriaceae fam. nov.

Cells are oval to rod‐shaped which occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Formate, acetate, propionate, alcohols, other simple organic compounds, indole, quinoline, and 2‐aminobenzoate are used as electron donors and carbon sources. They are oxidized to CO
2
. Growth on formate does not require acetate. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. The major menaquinone is MK‐7(H
2
). Cells contain cytochromes of the
b
and
c
type and lack desulfoviridin. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfobacterium
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from anoxic marine sediment. The genus appears to be limited to marine and brackish water sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.4 (
T
m
).

Type genus
:
Desulfobacterium
Bak and Widdel 1986, VL24.
D
esulfothermaceae

fam. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.thr.ma.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfothermus
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfothermaceae,
the family of
Desulfothermus
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfothermaceae fam. nov.

Cells are straight to slightly curved rods, which occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Electron donors are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate are used as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Moderately thermophilic. Optimum pH range for growth is 5.9−6.8. The major menaquinone is unknown. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfothermus
. Members of this genus are found at geothermally influenced sediments and hydrothermal vents.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.0–37.4 (LC, genome).

Type genus:
Desulfothermus
Kuever et al. 2005c, VL107.
D
esulfonema
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.ne'ma. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; Gr. neut. n.
nema
, thread; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfonema
thread‐forming sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfococcaceae / Desulfonema

Cells arranged in uniseriate, multicellular, flexible filaments with gliding motility. Filaments are 2.5–3.0 μm in diameter and sometimes about 2 mm in length; the nearly cylindrical cells are 2.5–3 μm long. Cross‐walls are confirmed by microscopy. Granules of poly‐β‐hydroxyalkanoic acid are commonly stored. Filaments are always attached to surfaces that serve as substrata for gliding motility. Cell‐wall characteristics of Gram‐negative bacteria have been revealed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections even though Gram stain may be positive in some instances and cells unequally stained. The outer membrane has a wavy structure. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs or chemolithoautotrophs, using acetate and higher monocarboxylic acids up to C
14
, fumarate, and succinate as electron donors and carbon sources. Lactate, pyruvate, and some iso‐fatty acids may also serve as organic substrates. Organic substrates are completely oxidized to CO
2
via carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CO‐DH] and the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. For chemolithoautotrophic growth, H
2
can serve as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Elemental sulfur does not serve as an electron acceptor but is inhibitory. Growth does not occur by fermentation in the absence of an external electron acceptor. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 30°C. Grows in simple defined media containing a reductant. Vitamins are required for growth. The addition of >15 g/l NaCl and >2 g/l MgCl
2
·6H
2
O is required for growth.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
34.5 (
T
m
), 38.2 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfonema limicola
Widdel 1980, VL7.
D
esulfocurvus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.cur'vus. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐ desulfuricating, used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote; L. masc. adj.
curvus
curved; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfocurvus
a curved sulfate‐reducing bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Desulfocurvus

Cells are vibrio‐ or rod‐shaped, 0.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic or chemolithoheterotrophic (one species). Simple organic compounds like lactate and pyruvate are used as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Formate and H
2
are electron donors with acetate as a carbon source, allowing chemolithoheterotrophic growth by one species. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Sulfur and nitrate are not used. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature range for growth is 37–40°C. Media containing a reductant are required for growth. Occur in anoxic waters or sediments of deep aquifers and sludge treatment plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.2–70.0 (LC, genome)

Type species
:
Desulfocurvus vexinensis
Klouche et al. 2009
VP
.
A
naerobium
Authors: Patil Yogita , Junghare Madan , Pester Michael , Müller Nicolai , Schink Bernhard
Published: March 2020

An.a.e.ro'bi.um. Gr. pref.
an
indicating a negation; Gr. masc. or fem. n.
aer
air; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life. N.L. neut. n.
Anaerobium
an anaerobic life form.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Anaerobium

Gram‐stain‐positive, strictly anaerobic bacterium, non‐sporeforming, chemoorganotrophic. Cells are long rods, found singly or in pairs. Reproduce by normal cell division. Fermentative metabolism, saccharolytic. Growth observed with gluconate and glucose in addition to a wide range of other carbohydrates. Major end products of fermentation include acetate, formate, and ethanol. The whole‐cell fatty acids consist of a mixture of straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated acids, mainly C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the genus
Anaerobium
represents a separate lineage within the family

Lachnospiraceae

. The type strain
Anaerobium acetethylicum
was isolated from a biogas reactor.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.1 (based on HPLC) and 43.5 (based on draft genome sequence).

Type species:
Anaerobium acetethylicum
Patil et al. 2015
VP
.
F
astidiosibacter
Authors: Salam Nimaichand , Xiao Min , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: March 2020

Fas.ti.di.o.si.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.
fastidiosus
fastidious; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Fastidiosibacter
a fastidious rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Fastidiosibacteraceae / Fastidiosibacter

The genus
Fastidiosibacter
is classified as a member of the family
Fastidiosibacteraceae
, order
Thiotrichales
, in the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Closely related members of the genus
Fasitidiosibacter
on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identities are members of the genera
Cysteiniphilum
,
Facilibium
,
Fangia,
and
Caedibacter
. Members of the genus
Fastidiosibacter
are
fastidious
, aerobic, Gram‐stain‐negative, and exhibit coccobacillus morphology. The dominant respiratory quinone of the genus
Fastidiosibacter
is
ubiquinone‐8
. Other chemotaxonomic features include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipid profiles, and anteiso‐C
15:0
and C
18:0
as the major fatty acids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.3 (genome); 37.1 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Fastidiosibacter lacustris
Xiao et al. 2018
VP
.
Use of surface‐guided radiation therapy in combination with IGRT for setup and intrafraction motion monitoring during stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments of the lung and abdomen
Authors: Heinzerling John H. , Hampton Carnell J. , Robinson Myra , Bright Megan , Moeller Benjamin J , Ruiz Justin , Prabhu Roshan , Burri Stuart H. , Foster Ryan D.
Published: March 2020

Background and purpose

Multiple techniques can be used to assist with more accurate patient setup and monitoring during Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment. This study analyzes the accuracy of 3D surface mapping with Surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) in detecting interfraction setup error and intrafraction motion during SBRT treatments of the lung and abdomen.

Materials and Methods

Seventy‐one patients with 85 malignant thoracic or abdominal tumors treated with SBRT were analyzed. For initial patient setup, an alternating scheme of kV/kV imaging or SGRT was followed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for more accurate tumor volumetric localization. The CBCT six degree shifts after initial setup with each method were recorded to assess interfraction setup error. Patients were then monitored continuously with SGRT during treatment. If an intrafractional shift in any direction >2 mm for longer than 2 sec was detected by SGRT, then CBCT was repeated and the recorded deltas were compared to those detected by SGRT.

Results

Interfractional shifts after SGRT setup and CBCT were small in all directions with mean values of <5 mm and < 0.5 degrees in all directions. Additionally, 25 patients had detected intrafraction motion by SGRT during a total of 34 fractions. This resulted in 25 (73.5%) additional shifts of at least 2 mm on subsequent CBCT. When comparing the average vector detected shift by SGRT to the resulting vector shift on subsequent CBCT, no significant difference was found between the two.

Conclusions

Surface‐guided radiation therapy provides initial setup within 5 mm for patients treated with SBRT and can be used in place of skin marks or planar kV imaging prior to CBCT. In addition, continuous monitoring with SGRT during treatment was valuable in detecting potentially clinically meaningful intrafraction motion and was comparable in magnitude to shifts from additional CBCT scans. PTV margin reduction may be feasible for SBRT in the lung and abdomen when using SGRT for continuous patient monitoring during treatment.
Family treatment can break cycle of child welfare involvement
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2020

If leaders of substance use treatment programs that work with at‐risk children and families have often seen themselves at cross‐purposes with child welfare and criminal justice agencies, there is growing evidence of greater cooperation. The director of an innovative women and children's treatment program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill made a pitch for coordinated and family‐centered care in a webinar presentation last week, using her agency's experience as an example.
DEA, SAMHSA relax OTP/OBOT regulations due to COVID‐19
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) that dispense methadone got a fast and clear reprieve from federal authorities last week in the face of COVID‐19. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued policies that give OTPs flexibility in take‐homes, limiting the frequency of face‐to‐face contact and opportunities for transmission of COVID‐19. There is also greater flexibility for office‐based opioid treatment (OBOT) with buprenorphine.
Effect of Ligand Treatment on the Tuning of Infrared Plasmonic Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystal Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Mashkov Oleksandr , Körfer Julien , Eigen Andreas , Yousefi-Amin Amir-Abbas , Killilea Niall , Barabash Anastasiia , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Khansur Neamul , Halik Marcus , Webber Kyle G. , Heiss Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Electrochromic devices operating in the near infrared are being developed as a part of smart windows that can dynamically modulate visible light and heat transmittance of solar irradiation, dependent on weather conditions and personal preferences. Here, doped metal oxide nanocrystals are used to obtain the desired effect in the infrared spectral region. Specifically, the infrared transmittance is electrochemically modulated by control of the carrier concentration in the nanocrystals. While indium tin oxide nanocrystals are already known to provide this effect, the consequence of ligand treatment during preparation of the nanocrystal electrode on the electrochromic properties is studied. The type of ligand treatment is shown to affect the surface morphology, as well as the localized plasmon resonance energy of the nanocrystal films. A short and convenient treatment by ethanedithiol cross‐linking ligands is shown to provide superior results as compared with the formic acid treatment used in the previous work. Future work combining windows based on optimized electrochromic effects in the near infrared combined with those in the visible spectral range will simultaneously improve building energy efficiency and indoor human comfort.
Transparent Heaters: A Review
Authors: Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Schultheiss Amélie , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Celle Caroline , Carella Alexandre , Simonato Jean‐Pierre , Bellet Daniel
Published: March 2020

Transparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.
Autologous Versatile Vesicles‐Incorporated Biomimetic Extracellular Matrix Induces Biomineralization
Authors: Wei Yan , Shi Miusi , Zhang Jinglun , Zhang Xiaoxin , Shen Kailun , Wang Rui , Miron Richard J. , Xiao Yin , Zhang Yufeng
Published: March 2020

Restoring extracellular matrix (ECM) with supportive and osteoinductive abilities is of great significance for bone tissue regeneration. Current approaches involving cell‐based scaffolds or nanoparticle‐modified biomimic‐ECM have been met with additional biosafety concerns. Herein, the natural biomineralization process is first analyzed and is found that mesenchymal stem cells‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from early and late stages of osteoinduction play different roles during the mineralization process. The functional EVs hierarchically with blood‐derived autohydrogel (AH) are then incorporated to form an osteoinductive biomimetic extracellular matrix (BECM). The alkaline phosphatase‐rich EVs are released from the outer layers to induce osteoblast differentiation during early stages. Thereafter, as the degradation of AH occurred, calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P)‐rich EVs are liberated to promote the nucleation of extracellular mineral crystals. Additionally, BECM contains considerable collagen fibrils that provide additional nucleation sites for crystallites deposition, thus reaching self‐mineralization in situ. In conclusion, this research provides a promising, versatile mineralization‐instructive platform to tackle the challenges faced in bone‐tissue engineering.
A High‐Performance Bio‐Adhesive Using Hyperbranched Aminated Soybean Polysaccharide and Bio‐Based Epoxide
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Mingsong , Zhang Jieyu , Li Jianzhang , Shi Sheldon Q. , Gao Qiang
Published: March 2020

Wood adhesives fabricated from biomass can substitute formaldehyde‐based ones, reducing the consumption of fossil resources and eliminating formaldehyde pollution. In this study, a novel and sustainable water‐soluble soybean polysaccharide (WSSPS)‐based adhesive is designed. Specifically, a hyperbranched aminated polysaccharide (HBPA–g–WSSPS), as an adhesive matrix, is synthesized via grafting reaction between oxidized WSSPS and hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA). Triglycidylamine, a bio‐based epoxide cross‐linker, reacted with the HBPA–g–WSSPS to afford a cross‐linked hyperbranched network, providing strong cohesion for the adhesive. Additionally, polyacrylamide imparted an adjustable viscosity to the adhesive. The resultant WSSPS‐based adhesive enhanced the wet shear strength of plywood (1.24 MPa) by 49% compared to the E0‐level industrial‐use melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF) resin and by 26% compared to the industrial‐use soybean meal/polyamidoamine‐epichlorohydrin (PAE) adhesive. In addition, the adhesive has characteristics similar to those of the MUF resin, including viscosity, coating performance, hot‐pressing conditions, and dry bond strength, which are superior to those of the soybean meal/PAE adhesive. This developed polysaccharide‐based adhesive can potentially enhance various composites and can be used in industrial sectors.
Predicting Solubility of Small Molecules in Macromolecular Compounds for Nanomedicine Application from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Erlebach Andreas , Muljajew Irina , Chi Mingzhe , Bückmann Christoph , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S. , Sierka Marek
Published: March 2020

Solubility of small molecules in macromolecular compounds is of fundamental importance for a number of applications, including the growing field of nanomedicine. Here, approaches for in silico solubility predictions based on atomistic models are evaluated. A computationally efficient atomistic simulation procedure based on the concept of inherent structures is proposed for statistical sampling of polymer conformations. Comprehensive test simulations of several polymers and common solvents confirm the accuracy of the procedure for calculation of physicochemical properties such as cohesive energy densities, which along with the Hansen solubility parameters and the Flory–Huggins (FH) theory facilitate rapid, qualitative solubility predictions. However, the FH theory fails to model specific interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Therefore, more accurate predictions are obtained employing the perturbed hard sphere chain (PHSC) equation of state (EOS). As test case, aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions revealing strong hydrogen bonding are used. The physicochemical properties including the PEO‐water phase diagram calculated by the PHSC EOS show good agreement with experimental observations. Consequently, the combination of qualitative predictions using the FH theory for rapid prescreening with computationally more demanding parameterization of the PHSC EOS provides a promising tool for in silico solubility predictions with potential applications in nanomedicine.
Designer Self‐Assembling Peptide Hydrogels to Engineer 3D Cell Microenvironments for Cell Constructs Formation and Precise Oncology Remodeling in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yang Zehong , Xu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaojun
Published: March 2020

Designer self‐assembling peptides form the entangled nanofiber networks in hydrogels by ionic‐complementary self‐assembly. This type of hydrogel has realistic biological and physiochemical properties to serve as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for biomedical applications. The advantages and benefits are distinct from natural hydrogels and other synthetic or semisynthetic hydrogels. Designer peptides provide diverse alternatives of main building blocks to form various functional nanostructures. The entangled nanofiber networks permit essential compositional complexity and heterogeneity of engineering cell microenvironments in comparison with other hydrogels, which may reconstruct the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in 3D cell cultures and tissue‐specific modeling in vitro. Either ovarian cancer progression or recurrence and relapse are involved in the multifaceted TMEs in addition to mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, adipocytes, and the ECM. Based on the progress in common hydrogel products, this work focuses on the diverse designer self‐assembling peptide hydrogels for instructive cell constructs in tissue‐specific modeling and the precise oncology remodeling for ovarian cancer, which are issued by several research aspects in a 3D context. The advantages and significance of designer peptide hydrogels are discussed, and some common approaches and coming challenges are also addressed in current complex tumor diseases.
Selectively Wetted Rigid–Flexible Coupling Polymer Electrolyte Enabling Superior Stability and Compatibility of High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Xinrun , Wang Longlong , Ma Jun , Sun Xingwei , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: March 2020

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered to be the key to solve the safety hazards and cycling performance of liquid high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (HVLMBs), but still suffer from low conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility. Here, polyvinylidene fluoride–polyvinyl acetate‐based (PVDF–PVAC) rigid–flexible coupling SPE selectively wetted by a tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) is prepared for high‐performance and superior‐safety HVLMBs. The intermolecular interactions in such SPE significantly facilitate lithium‐ion conductivity and electrolyte/electrode interface wettability. Moreover, PVAC selectively wetted with the TMS enhances interface compatibility with Li anodes and high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathodes. As a result, the as‐assembled LiCoO2/lithium‐metal solid‐state batteries present excellent cyclability with 85% capacity retention after 200 cycles between 3.0 and 4.5 V at room temperature. Furthermore, pouch cells with the as‐prepared SPE exhibit brilliant safety and superior interfacial compatibility. This study offers a promising and general selectively wetted design strategy to handle the compatibility and safety issues in HVLMBs.
Row placement affects yield and water use efficiency of continuous corn
Authors: Sun Tao , Li Zizhong
Published: March 2020

The planting of crops in rows results in a large amount of variation in soil nutrient levels and soil water. The hypothesis of this paper is that row spacing can be adjusted to optimize water use efficiency (WUE). The objective was to investigate the effects of row placement on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield, soil water, inorganic nitrogen (N), evapotranspiration (ET), and WUE in the Corn Belt of Northeast China (CBNC). Corn was planted in either the intra‐row or inter‐row space of the previously planted corn in a 2‐yr (2017–2018) field experiment in Jilin Province, China. All corns were planted at a row spacing of 60 cm, a plant spacing of 28 cm, and a density of 60,000 plants ha−1 per year. The inter‐row corn treatment maintained higher leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate at the R3 growth stage in 2017 and 2018. The corn yields of inter‐row treatment were 6.0% and 8.5% higher (P ≤ .05) in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared with intra‐row treatment. The ET in inter‐row treatment was 4.4% (P < 0.01) lower in 2017 and its 2‐yr WUE was 11.5% higher (P = 0.016) than that of intra‐row treatment. These findings suggest that corn rows should be arranged at the inter‐row of the previous corn in a continuous corn cropping field, and an intra‐row position of the previous crop should be considered in the definition of continuous monocropping for row‐planted crops.
An analysis of the impacts of tasting experience and peer effects on consumers’ willingness to pay for novel foods
Authors: Alemu Mohammed Hussen , Olsen Søren Bøye
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the impacts of tasting experience and observing peers’ taste preferences on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for novel insect‐based food products. In an empirical incentivized discrete choice experiment (DCE) developed to estimate Kenyan consumers' WTP for buns made with cricket flour, we test two treatments against a control treatment using a between‐subject design. The control treatment is a typical DCE questionnaire survey. Treatment 1 is identical to the control except that respondents are asked to taste the buns before answering the questionnaire. In Treatment 2, respondents are also given the tasting experience but they additionally observe their peers' taste preferences for the buns. The results suggest that tasting experience is important since Treatment 1 obtains significantly higher WTP estimates than the control. However, allowing additionally for peer effects in Treatment 2 significantly reduces the WTP estimates again countering the effect of tasting in Treatment 1. According to the results, this is partly related to the observation of peers reacting negatively in terms of disliking the bun products. [EconLit Citations: D12, D90, Q13].
Reply to Comment on “Photo‐Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel‐Modified Cyclodextrin”
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ming , Yu Qilin , Liu Yu
Published: March 2020

In dieser Antwort auf eine Korrespondenz wird die Bedeutung der photoresponsiven nichtkovalenten Komplexbildung bei der Modulation der Morphologie und des Aggregationsverhaltens von Mikrotubuli nochmals hervorgehoben. Der Bindungsmodus und ‐mechanismus sollten aufgrund multipler Wirt/Gast‐Wechselwirkungen auf supramolekularer Ebene weiter untersucht werden.