bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Strategic Emission-Based Energy Policies of Developing and Developed Economies with Twin Prediction Model
Authors: Jiang Yulian , Wei Wuchang , Das Ramesh Chandra , Chatterjee Tonmoy
Published: November 2020

Upholding sustainability in the use of energies for the increasing global industrial activity has been one of the priority agendas of the global leaders of the West and East. The projection of different GHGs has thus been the important policy agenda of the economies to justify the positions of their own as well as of others. Methane is one of the important components of GHGs, and its main sources of generation are the agriculture and livestock activities. Global diplomacy regarding the curtailment of the GHGs has set the target of reducing the levels of GHGs time to time, but the ground reality regarding the reduction is far away from the targets. Sometimes, the targets are fixed without the application of scientific methods. The aim of the present study is to examine sustainability of energy systems through the forecasting of the methane emission and agricultural output of the world’s different income groups up to 2030 using the data for the period 1981–2012. The work is novel in two senses: the existing studies did not use both the Box–Jenkins and artificial neural network methods, and the present study covers all the major economic groups in the world which is unlike to any existing studies. Two methods are used for forecasting of the two. One is the Box–Jenkins method, where linear nature of the two variables is considered and the other is artificial neural network methods where nonlinear nature of the variables is also considered. The results show that, except the OECD group, all the remaining groups display increasing trends of methane emission, but unquestionably, all the groups display increasing trends of agricultural output, where middle- and upper middle-income groups hold the upper berths. The forecasted emission is justified to be sustainable in major groups under both methods of estimations since overall growth of agricultural output is greater than that of methane emission.
Numerical Investigation of the Pressure Drop Characteristics of Isothermal Ice Slurry Flow under Variable Ice Particle Diameter
Authors: Akhtar Shehnaz , Cheema Taqi Ahmad , Ali Haider , Kwak Moon Kyu , Park Cheol Woo
Published: November 2020

Ice slurry is an advanced secondary refrigerant that has been attracting considerable attention for the past decade due to the growing concerns regarding energy shortage and environmental protection. To stimulate the potential applications of ice slurry, the corresponding pressure drop of this refrigerant must be comprehensively investigated. The flow of ice slurry is a complex phenomenon that is affected by various parameters, including flow velocity, ice particle size, and ice mass fraction. To predict the pressure drop of ice slurry flow in pipes, a mixture computational fluid dynamic model was adopted to simulate a two-phase flow without considering ice melting. The numerical calculations were performed on a wide range of six ice particle sizes (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.2 mm) and ice mass fraction ranging within 5%–20% in the laminar range of ice slurry flow. The numerical model was validated using experimental data. Results showed that the ice volumetric loading and flow velocity have a direct effect on pressure drop; it increases with the increase in volumetric concentration and flow velocity. The findings also confirmed that for constant ice mass fraction and flow velocity, the pressure drop is directly and inversely related to the particle and pipe diameters, respectively. Moreover, the rise in pressure drop is more significant for large ice particle diameter in comparison to smaller size ice particles at high values of ice concentration and flow velocity.
Impact of Multivariate Background Error Covariance on the WRF-3DVAR Assimilation for the Yellow Sea Fog Modeling
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Gao Shanhong
Published: November 2020

Numerical modeling of sea fog is highly sensitive to initial conditions, especially to moisture in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Data assimilation plays a vital role in the improvement of initial MABL moisture for sea fog modeling over the Yellow Sea. In this study, the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation module are employed for sea fog simulations. Two kinds of background error (BE) covariances with different control variables (CV) used in WRF-3DVAR, that is, CV5 and multivariate BE (CV6), are compared in detail by explorative case studies and a series of application experiments. Statistical verification metrics including probability of detection (POD) and equitable threat scores (ETS) of forecasted sea fog area are computed and compared for simulations with the implementations of CV5 and CV6 in the WRF-3DVAR system. The following is found: (1) there exists a dominant negative correlation between temperature and moisture in CV6 near the sea surface, which makes it possible to improve the initial moisture condition in the MABL by assimilation of observed temperature; (2) in general, the performance of the WRF-3DVAR assimilation with CV6 is distinctly better, and the results of 10 additional sea fog cases clearly suggest that CV6 is more suitable than CV5 for sea fog modeling. Compared to those with CV5, the average POD and ETS of forecasted sea fog area using 3DVAR with CV6 can be improved by 27.6% and 21.0%, respectively.
Carbamazepine-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Managed by Mobile Teledermatology in COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Nepal
Authors: Paudel Vikash , Chudal Deepa
Published: November 2020

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening dermatological emergency with high mortality if not treated in time. Here we report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis due to carbamazepine in rural Nepal in COVID-19 pandemic who was successfully treated with the help of mobile teledermatology. The clinical impression of toxic epidermal necrolysis was made from “WhatsApp” video calls using a smart phone. The supportive features were the history of starting of carbamazepine 2 weeks prior for seizure disorder, clinical findings in serial photographs of skin with 40 percent body surface area involvement of necrotic skin lesions and bulla, and involvement of oral mucosa and eyes. The patient was immediately asked to stop carbamazepine and was treated with intravenous fluids and systemic steroids along with symptomatic management. As the whole world was suffering from lockdown due to COVID-19 crisis, it was impossible for the rural area patient to visit a dermatologist. Thus, with the help of paramedics staff in a community health center and mobile teledermatology, the patient was diagnosed as carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and treated successfully with good outcome.
Classification of Resting-State Status Based on Sample Entropy and Power Spectrum of Electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed M. A. , Uçan Osman N. , Bayat Oğuz , Duru Adil Deniz
Published: November 2020

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a significant source of diagnosing brain issues. It is also a mediator between the external world and the brain, especially in the case of any mental illness; however, it has been widely used to monitor the dynamics of the brain in healthy subjects. This paper discusses the resting state of the brain with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) by using sixteen channels by the use of conventional frequency bands and entropy of the EEG signal. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and sample entropy (SE) of each sensor are computed as methods of feature extraction. Six classifiers, including logistic regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), linear discriminant (LD), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) are used to discriminate the resting states of the brain based on the extracted features. EEG data were epoched with one-second-length windows, and they were used to compute the features to classify EO and EC conditions. Results showed that the LR and SVM classifiers had the highest average classification accuracy (97%). Accuracies of LD, KNN, and DT were 95%, 93%, and 92%, respectively. GNB gained the least accuracy (86%) when conventional frequency bands were used. On the other hand, when SE was used, the average accuracies of SVM, LD, LR, GNB, KNN, and DT algorithms were 92% 90%, 89%, 89%, 86%, and 86%, respectively.
Effect of Coptis chinensis on Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Tseng Cheng-Yin , Sun Mao-Feng , Li Tsai-Chung , Lin Ching-Ting
Published: November 2020

Mycobacterium abscessus infections are notoriously difficult to be treated and newer treatment options are required. Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis) and its main compound berberine are frequently used to treat bacterial and viral infections. In this study, the susceptibility of M. abscessus to C. chinensis extract and berberine was assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) evaluation. The effects of C. chinensis and berberine on biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in M. abscessus were observed. C. chinensis at concentrations of MIC (1.5 mg/mL) and 2 × MIC (3.0 mg/mL) and berberine at ½ × MIC (0.125 mg/mL) demonstrated a strong inhibition of biofilm formation. Concentration of C. chinensis at ½ × MIC resulted in a significant reduction in MICs of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SXT), clarithromycin (CLA), and linezolid (LZD). Similarly, ½ × MIC berberine had a significant effect on the MIC reductions of nine antibiotics including TMP/SXT, CLA, and LZD. Notably, the resistance level MIC of LZD against M. abscessus was reversed to a susceptible level by treatment with either C. chinensis or berberine. Therefore, C. chinensis and berberine have the potential to produce a synergistic antimycobacterial effect, reduce biofilm formation, and decrease antibacterial resistance to LZD in M. abscessus.
A Bispecific Antibody Antagonizes Prosurvival CD40 Signaling and Promotes Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–Mediated Antitumor Responses in Human B-cell Malignancies
Authors: de Weerdt Iris , Lameris Roeland , Scheffer George L. , Vree Jana , de Boer Renate , Stam Anita G. , van de Ven Rieneke , Levin Mark-David , Pals Steven T. , Roovers Rob C. , Parren Paul W.H.I. , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Kater Arnon P. , van der Vliet Hans J.
Published: November 2020

Novel T cell–based therapies for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM), are thought to have strong potential. Progress, however, has been hampered by low efficacy and high toxicity. Tumor targeting by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, a conserved T-cell subset with potent intrinsic antitumor properties, mediated by a bispecific antibody represents a novel approach promising high efficacy with limited toxicity. Here, we describe the generation of a bispecific Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell engager directed against CD40, which, due to its overexpression and biological footprint in malignant B cells, represents an attractive target. The CD40-targeting moiety of the bispecific antibody was selected because it can prevent CD40L-induced prosurvival signaling and reduce CD40-mediated resistance of CLL cells to venetoclax. Selective activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the presence of CD40+ tumor cells induced potent Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell degranulation, cytotoxicity against CLL and MM cells in vitro, and in vivo control of MM in a xenograft model. The CD40-bispecific γδ T-cell engager demonstrated lysis of leukemic cells by autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T cells present in patient-derived samples. Taken together, our CD40 bispecific γδ T-cell engager increased the sensitivity of leukemic cells to apoptosis and induced a potent Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–dependent antileukemic response. It may, therefore, represent a potential candidate for the development of novel treatments for B-cell malignancies.
Sialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 Facilitates Immune Evasion in Cancer
Authors: Lin Wen-Der , Fan Tan-Chi , Hung Jung-Tung , Yeo Hui-Ling , Wang Sheng-Hung , Kuo Chu-Wei , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Pai Li-Mei , Yu John , Yu Alice L.
Published: November 2020

Altered glycosylations, which are associated with expression and activities of glycosyltransferases, can dramatically affect the function of glycoproteins and modify the behavior of tumor cells. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that adds sialic acid to core 1 glycans, thereby terminating glycan chain extension. In breast carcinomas, overexpression of ST3GAL1 promotes tumorigenesis and correlates with increased tumor grade. In pursuing the role of ST3GAL1 in breast cancer using ST3GAL1-siRNA to knockdown ST3GAL1, we identified CD55 to be one of the potential target proteins of ST3GAL1. CD55 is an important complement regulatory protein, preventing cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity. CD55 had one N-linked glycosylation site in addition to a Ser/Thr-rich domain, which was expected to be heavily O-glycosylated. Detailed analyses of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of CD55 released from scramble or ST3GAL1 siRNA–treated breast cancer cells by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the N-glycan profile was not affected by ST3GAL1 silencing. The O-glycan profile of CD55 demonstrated a shift in abundance to nonsialylated core 1 and monosialylated core 2 at the expense of the disialylated core 2 structure after ST3GAL1 silencing. We also demonstrated that O-linked desialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 silencing resulted in increased C3 deposition and complement-mediated lysis of breast cancer cells and enhanced sensitivity to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that ST3GAL1-mediated O-linked sialylation of CD55 acts like an immune checkpoint molecule for cancer cells to evade immune attack and that inhibition of ST3GAL1 is a potential strategy to block CD55-mediated immune evasion.
Improved T-cell Receptor Diversity Estimates Associate with Survival and Response to Anti–PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Bortone Dante S. , Woodcock Mark G. , Parker Joel S. , Vincent Benjamin G.
Published: November 2020

T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling has emerged as a powerful tool for biological discovery and biomarker development in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. A key statistic derived from repertoire profiling data is diversity, which summarizes the frequency distribution of TCRs within a mixed population. Despite the growing use of TCR diversity metrics in clinical trial correlative studies in oncology, their accuracy has not been validated using published ground-truth datasets. Here, we reported the performance characteristics of methods for TCR repertoire profiling from RNA-sequencing data, showed undersampling as a prominent source of bias in diversity estimates, and derived a model via statistical learning that attenuates bias to produce corrected diversity estimates. This modeled diversity improved discrimination in The Cancer Genome Atlas data and associated with survival and treatment response in patients with melanoma treated with anti–PD-1 therapy, where the commonly used diversity normalizations did not. These findings have the potential to increase our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and improve the accuracy of predictions of patient responses to immunotherapy.
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Ileum: A Rare Cause for Intussusception in Adults
Authors: Murshed Khaled A. , Khawar Mahwish , Petkar Mahir
Published: November 2020

Intussusception is the leading cause for intestinal obstruction in children. However, it accounts for only 5% of bowel obstructions in adults. Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract; nevertheless, its occurrence in the small intestine is rare unless associated with remnants of vitelline duct (Meckel’s diverticulum). Herein, we describe a case of a 33-year-old male who presented with symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction caused by ileo-colic intussusception, in which polypoid HGM acted as the organic lead point for intussusception. Several cases of intussusception caused by HGM have been reported in pediatric age group; however, this event is exceedingly rare in adults.
Phenotypic Characteristics and Copy Number Variants in a Cohort of Colombian Patients with VACTERL Association
Authors: Moreno Olga M. , Sánchez Ana I. , Herreño Angélica , Giraldo Gustavo , Suárez Fernando , Prieto Juan Carlos , Clavijo Ana Shaia , Olaya Mercedes , Vargas Yaris , Benítez Javier , Surallés Jordi , Rojas Adriana
Published: November 2020

VACTERL association (OMIM 192350) is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by congenital structural defects that include at least 3 of the following features: vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, heart defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal malformations, and limb defects. The nonrandom occurrence of these malformations and some familial cases suggest a possible association with genetic factors such as chromosomal alterations, gene mutations, and inherited syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA). In this study, the clinical phenotype and its relationship with the presence of chromosomal abnormalities and FA were evaluated in 18 patients with VACTERL association. For this, a G-banded karyotype, array-comparative genomic hybridization, and chromosomal fragility test for FA were performed. All patients (10 female and 8 male) showed a broad clinical spectrum: 13 (72.2%) had vertebral abnormalities, 8 (44.4%) had anal atresia, 14 (77.8%) had heart defects, 8 (44.4%) had esophageal atresia, 10 (55.6%) had renal abnormalities, and 10 (55.6%) had limb defects. Chromosomal abnormalities and FA were ruled out. In 2 cases, the finding of microalterations, namely del(15)(q11.2) and dup(17)(q12), explained the phenotype; in 8 cases, copy number variations were classified as variants of unknown significance and as not yet described in VACTERL. These variants comprise genes related to important cellular functions and embryonic development.
Use of the Cardiovascular Polypill in Secondary Prevention of Cerebrovascular Disease: A Real-Life Tertiary Hospital Cohort Study of 104 Patients
Authors: Ros-Castelló Victoria , Natera-Villalba Elena , Gómez-López Ana , Sánchez-Sánchez Arantxa , Chico-García Juan Luis , García-Madrona Sebastian , Vera-Lechuga Rocio , Matute-Lozano Consuelo , de Felipe Mimbrera Alicia , Cruz-Culebras Antonio , Alonso-Canovas Araceli , Masjuan Jaime
Published: November 2020

Background: The use of the cardiovascular polypill, a fixed-dose combination treatment, is conceived to improve adherence. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may overestimate it. Studies focusing on cerebrovascular disease and real-life efficacy compared with conventional treatment are lacking. Methods: This is a retrospective, hospital-based cohort study of acute ischaemic stroke patients who were prescribed a polypill (aspirin 100 mg, atorvastatin 20/40 mg, ramipril 2.5/5/10 mg) versus conventional treatment (aspirin 100 mg and other blood pressure/lipid-lowering agents) in secondary prevention (2017–2018). Clinical records were reviewed 90 days after discharge for stroke recurrence, vascular risk factor control, and safety. Adherence was assessed using the adapted Morisky-Green scale. Results: A total of 104 patients were included (61% male; mean age 69.7 ± 13.9 years); 54 were treated with the polypill and 50 with conventional treatment. No baseline differences in clinical or demographic variables were detected. No recurrences were registered in the polypill group, compared to 1 recurrence in the conventional treatment group. A significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was achieved in the polypill group (12.1 mm Hg) compared to the conventional treatment group (6.8 mm Hg) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected regarding the goal of LDL cholesterol ≤70 mg/dL (41 vs. 44%). The adverse events were mild and their frequency was similar in the two groups (9 vs. 2%, ns). Adherence was similarly good in the two groups (93 vs. 88%, ns). Polypill group adherence was similar to that reported in a previous meta-analysis of RCTs (93 vs. 84%, ns). Conclusion: In our experience, the cardiovascular polypill achieved a higher reduction in SBP levels and was well tolerated. Adherence was similar to that found in the previous literature, which is remarkable given the real-life setting of our study.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Behaviors With Hypertension
Authors: van Oort Sabine , Beulens Joline W.J. , van Ballegooijen Adriana J. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: November 2020

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. To identify targets for the prevention of hypertension and its associated disease burden, we used the 2-sample Mendelian randomization method to investigate the causal associations of 18 cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with hypertension. From European-descent genome-wide association studies, we selected genetic variants (
P
<5×10
−8
) for type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, lipids, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, insomnia, and educational level. We extracted the genetic associations with hypertension from 2 European cohorts: the FinnGen Study (15 870 cases and 74 345 controls) and UK Biobank (54 358 cases and 408 652 controls). The inverse-variance weighted method was used as main analysis method. Genetically predicted triglycerides (pooled odds ratio [OR] per 1 SD, 1.17 [1.10–1.25]), body mass index (OR per 1 SD, 1.42 [1.37–1.48]), alcohol dependence (OR, 1.10 [1.06–1.13]), and insomnia (OR, 1.17 [1.13–1.20]) were associated with a higher odds of hypertension. Higher genetically predicted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR per 1 SD, 0.88 [0.83–0.94]) and educational level (OR per 1 SD, 0.56 [0.54–0.59]) were associated with a lower odds of hypertension. Suggestive evidence was obtained for type 2 diabetes, smoking initiation and alcohol consumption with a higher hypertension odds, and longer sleep duration with a lower hypertension odds. This Mendelian randomization study identified high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, alcohol dependence, insomnia, and educational level as causal risk factors for hypertension. This implicates that these modifiable risk factors are important targets in the prevention of hypertension.
Unraveling the Genotype‐Phenotype Relationship in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Obesity‐Related Cardiac Defects as a Major Disease Modifier
Authors: Nollet Edgar E. , Westenbrink B. Daan , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kuster Diederik W. D. , van der Velden Jolanda
Published: November 2020

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and is characterized by asymmetric septal thickening and diastolic dysfunction. More than 1500 mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins are associated with HCM. However, the genotype‐phenotype relationship in HCM is incompletely understood and involves modification by additional disease hits. Recent cohort studies identify obesity as a major adverse modifier of disease penetrance, severity, and clinical course. In this review, we provide an overview of these clinical findings. Moreover, we explore putative mechanisms underlying obesity‐induced sensitization and aggravation of the HCM phenotype. We hypothesize obesity‐related stressors to impact on cardiomyocyte structure, metabolism, and homeostasis. These may impair cardiac function by directly acting on the primary mutation‐induced myofilament defects and by independently adding to the total cardiac disease burden. Last, we address important clinical and pharmacological implications of the involvement of obesity in HCM disease modification.
Four Technopaegnia in Musaeus’ Hero and Leander
Authors: Stępień Piotr
Published: November 2020

This article discusses four newly discovered technopaegnia in Musaeus’s Hero and Leander. The author argues that they are interconnected and constitute a complex literary game that spreads almost over the whole poem. The characteristic elements of the technopaegnia discussed in the article are the apostrophes, their palindromic character, and the numbers 9 and 10. Based on the latter feature, the author tries to show that lines 1-10 hide references to the Pythagoreans’ teachings about the first ten numbers.
Some Aspects of Monastic Diets from Thebes
Authors: El-Din Somida Awad Hind Salah
Published: November 2020

Egypt was the homeland of monasticism from at least the fourth century AD. The aim of this article is to investigate the consumption of fish and meat in the monastic diets of Thebes from the sixth to the eighth centuries AD, and other monastic sites of Middle Egypt, as well as in Palestine, where recent studies have illustrated monastic diets. This in turn could shed additional light on the case of Thebes.
It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times
Authors: Bianchi Erika
Published: November 2020

This essay is based on a talk the author gave at the By the Book conference in Florence in June 2019. It examines the power dynamics in the Italian publishing world from the perspective of a fiction writer. Writing and publishing are two completely different worlds that can be differently approached. What’s the point of writing? Should writers write about what they know, or about what they do not know? Can publishing be put off? What’s the role of literary agents in the publishing process? The author’s answers to these questions are based on her personal experience.
Paratextual Adaptation of Social Importance for Three Groundbreaking Scandinavian Novels
Authors: Larsen Mads
Published: November 2020

To sell a novel as socially relevant, the book cover, prefaces, and other paratext can help convey why readers should care and how the story should be read. But relevance can expire as society moves on. Reprints of groundbreaking classics that no longer engage contemporary concerns adapt their paratext to reach new readers, often by emphasizing the book’s historical and/or literary position. This article examines paratextual strategies across time and space for three Scandinavian novels with exceptional influence. Enlightenment-promoting Niels Klim’s Underground Travels (1741) was the region’s first novel; Hunger (1890) is praised by many as the world’s first modernist novel; and The Man on the Balcony (1967) became the progenitor of Nordic Noir. Early paratext used anonymity, false veracity, or documentary elements to sell relevance. But with commercial success, and temporal and geographical distance, paratext became increasingly author focused and self-referential, at times all but ignoring the author’s intent for the story.
Pilargidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from coastal and deep waters of the Southwestern Atlantic, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: RIBEIRO RANNYELE PASSOS , BARBOSA ALINE DA CRUZ , FREITAS ROBERTA , ZANOL JOANA , GLASBY CHRISTOPHER J. , RUTA CHRISTINE
Published: November 2020

We describe seven species of Pilargidae from the coast and deep sea (300–1400 m deep) of southeastern Brazil, belonging to the genera Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1878, Cabira Webster, 1879, Glyphohesione Friedrich, 1950, Hermundura Müller, 1858, and Pilargis Saint-Joseph, 1899. Of those, two are new species (Glyphohesione campensis sp. nov. and Pilargis falconae sp. nov.) and two are new records of Ancistrosyllis for Brazil. Glyphohesione campensis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by fewer neurochaetae, the anteriormost appearance of first notopodial spines, and intermediate relative length of dorsal and ventral cirri. Pilargis falconae sp. nov. is diagnosed by the presence of parapodial glands from the first chaetiger on the dorsal surface and from the sixth chaetiger on the ventral surface; and neurochaetae smooth capillaries and limbates with unidentate tips. Keys to pilargid species reported from, or likely to occur in, Brazilian waters are provided.
Three new species of Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Chilean Patagonia
Authors: SOTO EULOGIO H. , MARTÍN GUILLERMO SAN , LUCAS YOLANDA
Published: November 2020

Three new species of the genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, from the Chilean Patagonia are described, figured and discussed. The specimens were collected in boulders, sediment bottoms, Macrocystis pyrifera holdfasts, and inside tubes of Chaetopterus cf. variopedatus. Syllis patagonica n. sp., is characterized by its color pattern, short, fusiform dorsal cirri, plenty of hyaline inclusions, acuminate posterior acicula, and compound chaetae with slightly bidentate falcigers. Syllis terraeignium n. sp., has similar compound chaetae, but dorsal cirri are longer than those of the above mentioned species, a long proventricle, and the posterior acicula are straight, pointed. Finally, Syllis patersoni n. sp., has a slender, elongated body, with moderately long dorsal cirri, plenty of hyaline inclusions, acuminate posterior acicula, and compound chaetae composed by falcigers and short spiniger-like.
Review of Reuteria Puton, 1875 (Heteroptera: Miridae) species present in Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey (LEMT)
Authors: BARIŞ ÇERÇİ , SERDAR TEZCAN , İNANÇ ÖZGEN
Published: November 2020

The species belonging to Reuteria Puton 1875 present in Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey (LEMT) are reviewed. Up to now, only Reuteria marqueti Puton 1875 and R. winkelmanni Günther & Strauss 2018 had been recorded from Turkey. In this study, Reuteria riegeri torosensis ssp. n., R. atalayi sp. n. and R. serratis sp. n. are described as new subspecies and species and from Turkey, respectively. Presence of R. marqueti in Turkey is discussed and considered as doubtful. Consequently, total number of Reuteria species known from Turkey rises to four. Additionally, unknown female of R. winkelmanni is described and illustrated, and an identification key for Reuteria species of Turkey is presented.
3. Material World and Embodied Mind
Authors: Warman Caroline
Published: November 2020

Locating the Éléments de physiologie within the timeline of physiological theories on nature, Warman shows how Diderot was consciously responding to a long succession of philosophers stemming from Ancient Greece to late-eighteenth century France. The chapter is broken down into eight subsections that provide a summary of the key ideas addressed by the Éléments. Starting with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s and Charles Bonnet’s overlapping hypotheses on natural order, Warman shifts through a wide range of topics including living and dead matter, cognitive awareness, memory, and selfhood. In each case, she explains how Diderot drew overlapping branches of empiricist thought into one seamless materialist system.
Performance Analysis of Alumina Nanofluids on Flat Plate Solar Collector by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Suthahar S. T. Jaya , Saravanan S.
Published: November 2020

It is essential to find more renewable, sustainable ways of generating energy as the global energy demand is expected to grow by 30% by 2040. This work is concerned with the numerical prediction of thermal performance of flat plate solar collector, professor by varying the diameter
of riser tube and changing the working fluid. A solar collector for heating a volume of 10 liters of working fluid is designed and investigated. 3D CAD model of the collector consisting of a fluid zone and two solid zones is generated for solving this conjugate heat transfer problem. Numerical
analysis is carried out on the solar collector systems and their performance is predicted. The thermal and flow properties obtained for the solar collector systems are compared with each other to identify the best performing model of the solar collector. It is found from the numerical results
that 14 mm riser tube with nano fluids gives comparatively best performance in terms of absorbing solar energy.
Throughflow and G-Jitter Effects on Oscillatory Convection in a Rotating Porous Medium
Authors: Manjula S. H. , Kiran Palle , Bhadauria B. S.
Published: November 2020

The impact of vertical throughflow and g-jitter effect on rotating porous medium is investigated. A feeble nonlinear stability analysis associate to complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) has been studied. This weakly nonlinear analysis performed for a periodic mode of convection and
quantified heat transport in terms of the Nusselt number, which is governed by the non-autonomous advanced CGLE. Each idea, rotation and throughflow is used as an external mechanism to the system either to extend or decrease the heat transfer. The results of amplitude and frequency of modulation
on heat transport are analyzed and portrayed graphically. Throughflow has dual impact on heat transfer either to increase or decrease heat transfer in the system. Particularly the outflow enhances and inflow diminishes the heat transfer. High centrifugal rates promote heat transfer and low
centrifugal rates diminish heat transfer. The streamlines and isotherms area portrayed graphically, the results of rotation and throughflow on isotherms shows convective development.
Renovate Tribological Properties of Nanostructured Alumina Templates by Diverse Electrolytes
Authors: Dass Ghanshyam , Kumar Anil , Kushwaha Manoj Kumar
Published: November 2020

Friction and wear properties of NAAO templates were calculated in affinity to pore dimensions and applied load. Homogeneously uniformly decorative synthesized by anodization of nanoporous aluminium oxide films having 65–95 μm thick and pores of 143.5, 105, 84.4 nm diameter.
A tribological competency of the material checked out with loads and 250 rpm on the pin on a dry wear disc. The anodized NAAO sample has wear resistance increased by 25% as compared to the non-anodized sample. The pore density little bit impressed the frictional characters of NAAO template.
We counsel that these course templates basically contribute to the reduction of friction distrait the pore structure by proving energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Theoretical Raman and Infrared Spectra for Amphetamine, Methamphetamine and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Authors: Silva Leandro G. , Neto Abel F. G. , Costa José F. S. , Pereira Tais S. S. , Oliveira Mozaniel S. , Neto A. M. J. C.
Published: November 2020

Molecules used in the synthesis of illicit drugs, such as amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine which were studied in order to provide parameters to do their identification. Thus, Raman and Infrared spectra were calculated taking into account the polarizable
continuum model and considering different solvents (water, toluene, acetone, chloroform and ethanol) at 298.15 K and 1 atm. The assignment of the normal modes of vibrations of these molecules was made. All calculations were carried out by quantum methods based on DFT with B3LYP hybrid functional
and 6-311++g(d. p) basis set available in the Gaussian G03 program package. These informations can be helpful as a forensic data.
Maximizing Performance in Medicare’s Merit Based Incentive Payment System: A Financial Model to Optimize Health Information Technology Resource Allocation
Authors: Kauffman David M. , Borden William B. , Choi Brian G.
Published: November 2020

Participation in the Medicare Quality Payment Program’s Merit Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) has forced many healthcare administrators to strategize how to achieve success under value-based payment systems. A financial model was constructed to determine the marginal utility of compliance with various MIPS measures. Solo, small, medium, large, and very large practices were modeled using available data and final rules published by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The model analysis found that small groups were generally incentivized not to comply with MIPS measures. Conversely, larger organizations were found to have strong financial incentives to maximize pursuit of MIPS measures. Incentives to pursue interoperability investments were projected to be generally under $10 200 for small organizations but approximately $690 000 for very large practices whereas the health information technology (IT) resources necessary to pursue these measures may not have nearly the same range of costs. In light of these findings, small groups may be driven to join larger groups as large groups continue to capitalize on their larger incentives to pursue MIPS measures. As financial success under MIPS is dependent on scale, healthcare systems that pursue consolidation may achieve greater success under quality payment programs similar to MIPS which include the newly proposed MIPS Value Pathways (MVPs).
Is Timing of Tracheotomy a Factor Influencing the Clinical Course in COVID-19 Patients?
Authors: Mesolella Massimo
Published: November 2020

The timing of tracheotomy is a complex decision that requires understanding of the relative risks and benefits as compared with prolonging intubation. The role of tracheotomy during the COVID-19 pandemic remains to be determined. There is no evidence that early tracheostomy improves patient’s clinical course and it is not impact on the natural history of these patients. In our opinion, the tracheotomy should be proposed in stable COVID-19 patients after 18th days after orotracheal intubation when the viral load is finished. Only in the case of patients with difficult of intubation do we perform earlier tracheotomies.
High magnitude of food insecurity and malnutrition among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A call for integration of food and nutrition security with HIV treatment and care Programme
Authors: Nigusso Fikadu Tadesse , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi Helen
Published: November 2020

Background:

Food insecurity and malnutrition has been reported to have a strong connection with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV); this is more pervasive in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. In this study, we examined the predictors of food insecurity and factors associated with malnutrition among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study at outpatient antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics. Data were collected using participant interview, anthropometry, and participants’ chart review. Interviews were carried out with 390 PLHIVs who were on antiretroviral treatment follow-up. Four robust multivariate linear regression models were used to identify predictors of food insecurity and factors associated with malnutrition.

Results:

The prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition among PLHIV were found to be 76% and 60%, respectively. The predictors of food insecurity were: urban residence; household dependency; average monthly income below 53.19 USD; poor asset possession; CD4 count below 350 cell/ μL; and recurrent episodes of opportunistic infections (OIs). Correspondingly, malnutrition among PLHIV was found strongly associated with: female gender; urban residence; income below 53.19 USD; poor asset possession; duration of less than one year on ART; and recurrent episodes of OIs.

Conclusion:

The study findings suggest that the higher prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition among PLHIV underscore: the need for economic and livelihood intervention; addressing contextual factors including the gender dimensions; adoption of nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions; and integration of food and nutrition security with HIV treatment and care programmes.
Biomimetic bone-like composites as osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis skirt substitutes
Authors: Avadhanam Venkata , Ingavle Ganesh , Zheng Yishan , Kumar Sandeep , Liu Christopher , Sandeman Susan
Published: November 2020

Osteo-odonto-keratoprostheses, incorporating dental laminate material as an anchoring skirt around a central poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) optic, have been used to replace the cornea for many years. However, there are many intricacies associated with the use of autologous dental laminate material, surgical complexity and skirt erosion. Tissue engineering approaches to bone replacement may offer suitable alternatives in osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) surgery. In this study, a hydrogel polymer composite was investigated as a synthetic substitute for the OOKP skirt. A novel high strength interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel composite with nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp) coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA microspheres was created to mimic the alveo-dental lamina by employing agarose and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) polymers. The incorporation of nHAp coated PLGA microspheres into the hybrid IPN network provide a micro-environment similar to that of skeletal tissues and improve cellular response. Agarose was used as a first network to encapsulate keratocytes/3T3 fibroblasts and PEGDA (6000 Da) was used as a second network with varying concentrations (20 and 40 wt %) to produce a strong and biocompatible scaffold. An increased concentration of either agarose or PEG-DA and incorporation of nHAp coated PLGA microspheres led to an increase in the elastic modulus. The IPN hydrogel combinations supported the adhesion and proliferation of both fibroblast and ocular human keratocyte cell types during in in-vitro testing. The cells endured the encapsulation process into the IPN and remained viable at 1 week post-encapsulation in the presence of nHAp coated microspheres. The material did not induce significant production of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in comparison to a positive control ( p < 0.05) indicating non-inflammatory potential. The nHAp encapsulated composite IPN hydrogels are mechanically strong, cell supportive, non-inflammatory materials supporting their development as OOKP skirt substitutes using a new approach to dental laminate biomimicry in the OOKP skirt material.
Who Knows? Reflexivity in Feminist Standpoint Theory and Bourdieu
Authors: Sweet Paige L.
Published: November 2020

Though the invocation to be “reflexive” is widespread in feminist sociology, many questions remain about what it means to “turn back” and resituate our work—about how to engage with research subjects’ visions of the world and with our own theoretical models. Rather than a superficial rehearsal of researcher and interlocutor standpoints, I argue that “reflexivity” should help researchers theorize the social world in relational ways. To make this claim, I draw together the insights of feminist standpoint theory and Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology to lay the foundation for a renewed reflexive project that centers epistemic privilege, the idea that positions of structural exclusion provide the best resources for theorizing social power. Reflexive sociology should consider interlocutors’ experiences of exclusion and contradiction, engaging with sites of alternative knowledge and incorporating them into the object of study. This type of reflexivity provides improved resources for relational theory building. I offer support for these theoretical arguments with a historical analysis of knowledge production in the feminist anti-violence movement.
Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury: Equations for dosing in pandemics, disasters, and beyond
Authors: Chionh Chang Yin , Finkelstein Fredric O , Ronco Claudio
Published: November 2020

Background:

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a viable option for renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in challenging times during disasters and pandemics when resources are limited. While PD techniques are well described, there is uncertainty about how to determine the amount of PD to be prescribed toward a target dose. The aim of this study is to derive practical equations to assist with the prescription of PD for AKI.

Methods:

Using established physiological principles behind PD clearance and membrane transport, a primary determinant of dose delivery, equations were mathematically derived to estimate dialysate volume required to achieve a target dose of PD.

Results:

The main derivative equation is VD = (1.2 × std- Kt/ V × TBW)/( tdwell + 4), where VD is the total dialysate volume per day, std- Kt/ V is the desired weekly dose, TBW is the total body water, and tdwell is the dwell time. VD can be expressed in terms of dwell volume, vdwell, by VD = (0.3 × std- Kt/ V × TBW) − (6 × vdwell). Two further equations were derived which directly describe the mathematical relationship between tdwell and vdwell. A calculator is included as an Online Supplementary Material.

Conclusions:

The equations are intended as a practical tool to estimate solute clearances and guide prescription of continuous PD. The estimated dialysate volume required for any dose target can be calculated from cycle duration or dwell volume. However, the exact target dose of PD is uncertain and should be adjusted according to the clinical circumstances and response to treatment. The equations presented in this article facilitate the adjustment of PD prescription toward the targeted solute clearance.
Self-care is Renouncement, Routine, and Control: The Experience of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Luciani Michela , Montali Lorenzo , Nicolò Gabriella , Fabrizi Diletta , Di Mauro Stefania , Ausili Davide
Published: November 2020

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause serious complications; it has a severe impact on the quality of life and high costs. One of the key strategies to manage diabetes is self-care, a complex multifactorial process influenced by personal, cultural, and systemic factors, that comprises self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. Few patients perform adequate self-care. To deepen our understanding of patients’ experiences of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management, we conducted the first qualitative study on this topic. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, informed by the Middle-range Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness, to explore the experience and meaning of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management in adults with T2DM (n = 10). Three themes were identified: self-care is renouncement, self-care is routine, and self-care is control. A cross-cutting moral pattern connects the three themes. Our findings corroborate the Middle-range Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness in the field of diabetes self-care and could inform practitioners in understanding the experience of self-care as a complex phenomenon and in developing tailored interventions.
The Cleft Clinic Passport—Improving the Patient Experience
Authors: Vithlani Gauri , Stephenson Katy , Beale Victoria
Published: November 2020

Challenges in patient and public understanding of the cleft multidisciplinary team (MDT) clinic were highlighted in the Cleft Care UK report in 2012. An innovative personalized visual guide was designed to improve understanding of cleft MDT clinic and encourage child engagement at the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital. We demonstrate the use of Public and Patient Involvement to produce this novel visual educational tool in the Cleft MDT setting, which can form part of a personal health record.