bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple enzyme-doped thread-based microfluidic system for blood urea nitrogen and glucose detection in human whole blood
Authors: Yang Yu-An , Lin Che-Hsin
Published: March 2015

This research presents a multiple enzyme-doped thread-based microfluidic system for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose detection in human whole blood. A novel enzyme-doped thread coated with a thin polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane is produced for on-site electrochemical detection of urea and glucose in whole blood. Multiple enzymes can be directly applied to the thread without delicate pretreatment or a surface modification process prior to sealing the thread with PVC membrane. Results indicate that the developed device exhibits a good linear dynamic range for detecting urea and glucose in concentrations from 0.1 mM–10.0 mM (R2 = 0.9850) and 0.1 mM–13.0 mM (R2 = 0.9668), which is suitable for adoption in detecting the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN, 1.78–7.12 mM) and glucose (3.89–6.11 mM) in serum. The detection result also shows that the developed thread-based microfluidic system can successfully separate and detect the ions, BUN, and glucose in blood. The calculated concentrations of BUN and glucose ante cibum (glucose before meal) in the whole blood sample are 3.98 mM and 4.94 mM, respectively. The developed thread-based microfluidic system provides a simple yet high performance for clinical diagnostics.
Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2
Authors: Wang Sumei , Ghoreyshi Ali , Victora R. H.
Published: March 2015

We have investigated the feasibility of BPM for HAMR via Finite Difference Time Domain and atomistic simulation and we have substantiated the feasibility of 5 Tb/in2 with two filling factors 25% and 56% even when the maximum on-track bit temperature is below the Curie temperature. The success of this underheated switching is attributed to sufficiently low anisotropy instead of reduction of Curie temperature. The temperature gradient in the cross-track direction is almost doubled if the optical head width is reduced by half, indicating the possibility of higher areal densities. Moreover, contrary to continuous media, we also found that the power absorption peaks at the bottom of the bit patterned FePt when the media is illuminated from above, which is probably due to stronger coupling there between FePt and the surrounding materials.
Towards enhancing two-dimensional electron gas quantum confinement effects in perovskite oxide heterostructures
Authors: Nazir Safdar , Behtash Maziar , Yang Kesong
Published: March 2015

We explore the possibility of achieving highly confined two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) within one single atomic layer through a comprehensive comparison study on three prototypical perovskite heterostructures, LaAlO3/ATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba), using first-principles electronic structure calculations. We predict that the heterostructure LaAlO3/BaTiO3 has a highly confined 2DEG within a single atomic layer of the substrate BaTiO3, and exhibits relatively higher interfacial charge carrier density and larger magnetic moments than the well-known LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system. The long Ti-O bond length in the ab-plane of the LaAlO3/BaTiO3 heterostructure is responsible for the superior charge confinement. We propose BaTiO3 as an exceptional substrate material for 2DEG systems with potentially superior properties.
High temperature spin dynamics in linear magnetic chains, molecular rings, and segments by nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Adelnia Fatemeh , Mariani Manuel , Ammannato Luca , Caneschi Andrea , Rovai Donella , Winpenny Richard , Timco Grigore , Corti Maurizio , Lascialfari Alessandro , Borsa Ferdinando
Published: March 2015

We present the room temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (NSLR) results in two 1D spin chains: the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (AFM) Eu(hfac)3NITEt and the magnetically frustrated Gd(hfac)3NITEt. The NSLR as a function of external magnetic field can be interpreted very well in terms of high temperature spin dynamics dominated by a long time persistence of the decay of the two-spin correlation function due to the conservation of the total spin value for isotropic Heisenberg chains. The high temperature spin dynamics are also investigated in Heisenberg AFM molecular rings. In both Cr8 closed ring and in Cr7Cd and Cr8Zn open rings, i.e., model systems for a finite spin segment, an enhancement of the low frequency spectral density is found consistent with spin diffusion but the high cut-off frequency due to intermolecular anisotropic interactions prevents a detailed analysis of the spin diffusion regime.
A method for evaluating the mean preheat temperature in X-ray driven ablation
Authors: Li Liling , Jiang Shaoen , Li Hang , Zhang Lu , Dong Yunsong , Zhang Chen , Zheng Jianhua , Zhang Jiyan , Kuang Longyu , jing Longfei , Lin Zhiwei , Yang Jiamin
Published: March 2015

A novel method is proposed for evaluating the mean preheat temperature in X-ray driven ablation, based on the equation of state (EOS) of the ablator and the radiation hydrodynamic simulation. The equation of state of plastic (CH) has been discussed in detail. There are two types of planar CH in simulations, with the thick target being 10 μm thicker than the thin target. The difference between the transmission fluxes of the two types of targets can represent the energy absorbed by the last 10 μm of the thick target (or the preheated layer). This energy approximates the internal energy of the preheated layer. The mean preheat temperature of the preheated layer has also been obtained from simulations. The simulation results show that the relationship between the absorbed energy and the mean preheat temperature is similar to the EOS of CH for different conditions (e.g., different values of M-band fraction and radiation temperature) and can be written as ε=2.530×1011T¯1.444 when the mean preheat temperature is below 12 eV. For these cases, the relationship between the surface preheat temperature TS and the mean preheat temperature T¯ was TS=0.63T¯. This relation provides the means for demonstrating the proposed method, because the transmission fluxes and the surface preheat temperature TS can be measured experimentally.
Morphological phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of Rhysophora Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae) and provides a framework for a revision of the genus
Authors: Costa Daniel N. R. , Mathis Wayne N. , Marinoni Luciane
Published: March 2015

With discovery of four new Neotropical species, the New World shore-fly genus Rhysophora Cresson, 1924 is revised, including a phylogenetic reassessment of some generic relationships within Discomyzini and of species within Rhysophora. The reconstructed phylogenetic relationships are based on 43 adult morphological characters and resulted in the following discoveries, mostly based on the well-supported cladogram: (1) the monophyly of Rhysophora is corroborated; (2) its sister group is Helaeomyia Cresson, not Guttipsilopa Wirth, as previously proposed; (3) three species groups within Rhysophora are recognized; and (4) greater species diversity is in South America, where there is also greater diversity in host plants. We hypothesise that the two Nearctic species, R. robusta and R. laffooni, resulted from two independent dispersal and speciation events when their water lettuce and pickerel weed hosts also dispersed there from the Neotropics. All of these flies are associated with aquatic plants of the families Pontederiaceae (Pontederia, Eichhornia) and Araceae (Pistia stratiotes), with the exception of R. griseola. All species are redescribed and an identification key, distribution maps and illustrations of male terminalia are provided to assist identification of these species.
Sleep, anxiety and electronic device use by athletes in the training and competition environments
Authors: Romyn Georgia , Robey Elisa , Dimmock James A. , Halson Shona L. , Peeling Peter
Published: March 2015

This study subjectively assessed sleep quality and quantity, state anxiety and electronic device use during a 7‐day training week (TRAIN) and a 7‐day competitive tournament (COMP). Eight state‐level netball players used wrist‐watch actigraphy to provide indirect sleep measures of bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and fragmentation index. State anxiety was reported using the anxiety sub‐scale in the Profile of Mood States‐Adolescents. Before bed duration of electronic device use and the estimated time to sleep after finishing electronic device use was also recorded. Significant main effects showed that sleep efficiency (p = 0.03) was greater in COMP as compared to TRAIN. Furthermore, the bedtime and wake time were earlier (p = 0.01) during COMP. No further differences existed between conditions (p > 0.05). However, strong negative associations were seen between state anxiety and the sleep quality rating. Here, sleep efficiency was likely greater in COMP due to the homeostatic need for recovery sleep, resulting from the change in environment from training to competition. Furthermore, an increased anxiety before bed seems to influence sleep quality and should be considered in athletes portraying poor sleep habits.
An extension of a theorem of Hartshorne
Authors: Katzman Mordechai , Lyubeznik Gennady , Zhang Wenliang
Published: March 2015

We extend a classical theorem of Hartshorne concerning the connectedness of the punctured spectrum of a local ring by analyzing the homology groups of a simplicial complex associated with the minimal primes of a local ring.
Example of singular reduction in symplectic diffeology
Authors: Iglesias-Zemmour Patrick
Published: March 2015

We present an example of symplectic reduction in diffeology where the space involved is infinite dimensional and the reduction is singular. This example is a mix of two cases that are not handled by ordinary symplectic geometry. We show that, in this infinite dimensional example, the singularities are distributed in such a way that the symplectic form, restricted to a generic level of the moment map, passes to the reduced space.
Versality of algebraic group actions and rational points on twisted varieties
Authors: Duncan Alexander , Reichstein Zinovy
Published: March 2015

We formalize and study several competing notions of versality for an action of a linear algebraic group on an algebraic varietyXX. Our main result is that these notions of versality are equivalent to various statements concerning rational points on twisted forms ofXX(existence of rational points, existence of a dense set of rational points, etc.). We give applications of this equivalence in both directions to study versality of group actions and rational points on algebraic varieties. We obtain similar results onpp-versality for a prime integerpp. An appendix, containing a letter from J.-P. Serre, puts the notion of versality in a historical perspective.
Looking below the floor: constraints on the AGN radio luminosity functions at low power
Authors: Capetti Alessandro , Raiteri Claudia M.
Published: March 2015

We constrain the behaviour of the radio luminosity function (RLF) of two classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) namely AGN of low radio power (LRP) and BL Lac objects. The extrapolation of the observed steep RLFs to low power predicts a space density of such objects that exceeds that of the sources that can harbour them and this requires a break to a shallower slope. For LRP AGN, we obtain Pbr, LRP ≳ 1020.5 W Hz− 1 at 1.4 GHz to limit their density to be smaller than that of elliptical galaxies with black hole masses MBH > 107.5 M⊙. By combining this value with the limit derived by the observations the break must occur at Pbr, LRP ∼ 1020.5-1021.5 W Hz− 1. For BL Lacs, we find Pbr, BLLAC ≳ 1023.3 W Hz− 1 otherwise they would outnumber the density of weak-lined and compact radio sources, while the observations indicate Pbr, BLLAC ≲ 1024.5 W Hz− 1. In the framework of the AGN unified model, a low luminosity break in the RLF of LRP AGN must correspond to a break in the RLF of BL Lacs. The ratio between Pbr, LRP and Pbr, BLLAC is ∼103, as expected for a jet Doppler factor of ∼10.
Integrating motif, DNA accessibility and gene expression data to build regulatory maps in an organism
Authors: Blatti Charles , Kazemian Majid , Wolfe Scot , Brodsky Michael , Sinha Saurabh
Published: March 2015

Characterization of cell type specific regulatory networks and elements is a major challenge in genomics, and emerging strategies frequently employ high-throughput genome-wide assays of transcription factor (TF) to DNA binding, histone modifications or chromatin state. However, these experiments remain too difficult/expensive for many laboratories to apply comprehensively to their system of interest. Here, we explore the potential of elucidating regulatory systems in varied cell types using computational techniques that rely on only data of gene expression, low-resolution chromatin accessibility, and TF–DNA binding specificities (‘motifs’). We show that static computational motif scans overlaid with chromatin accessibility data reasonably approximate experimentally measured TF–DNA binding. We demonstrate that predicted binding profiles and expression patterns of hundreds of TFs are sufficient to identify major regulators of ∼200 spatiotemporal expression domains in the Drosophila embryo. We are then able to learn reliable statistical models of enhancer activity for over 70 expression domains and apply those models to annotate domain specific enhancers genome-wide. Throughout this work, we apply our motif and accessibility based approach to comprehensively characterize the regulatory network of fruitfly embryonic development and show that the accuracy of our computational method compares favorably to approaches that rely on data from many experimental assays.
Ocular Findings in Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H)-induced Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Trinh Tanya , Haridas Anjana S. , Sullivan Timothy J.
Published: March 2015

Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) is a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies demonstrate significant reduction in relapse risk and the risk of accumulating sustained disability. Adverse events include infusion-associated reactions, infections, and secondary autoimmunity. Systemic thyroid disease is the most common secondary autoimmune event and affects up to approximately 30% of treated patients. This is the first description of the ocular findings and management in a case of thyroid eye disease (Graves’ Ophthalmopathy [GO]) following alemtuzumab therapy. The ocular disease was managed conservatively while the systemic Graves’ was managed with thyroidectomy.
Nasal Floor Mucosa: New Donor Site for Mucous Membrane Grafts
Authors: Morgan Payam V. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Hwang Catherine J.
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

Mucous membrane grafts are used for various indications in oculoplastics. The authors report the use of nasal floor mucosa as a new donor site for mucous membrane grafts.

Methods:

Following adequate anesthesia and vasoconstriction, the nasal floor is visualized with a 30° endoscope. Next, the interior turbinate is medialized, and the nasolacrimal duct is identified and preserved. Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral incisions are made through the nasal mucosa to the nasal bone. The mucosa is dissected off the nasal bone with a periosteal elevator. Nasal saline irrigation is used postoperatively to aid healing. Histologic analysis of the harvested graft and mucosa from the inferior and middle turbinates were analyzed histologically for the number of mucin-producing cells per high power field and compared.

Results:

Nasal floor mucosa provides ample tissue for grafting with little donor site morbidity. The surgery is technically easy to learn and perform. There is less risk for blood loss compared with harvesting tissue from the turbinates and less postoperative discomfort compared with buccal mucosal grafts. The grafts have been used in 9 different patients for a variety of ocular indications. Histologically, the nasal floor mucosa contains statistically more mucin-secreting cells than other nasal site, which can be helpful especially in cases of ocular surface disease. In 1 case, biopsy of the grafted tissue at postoperative year 2 showed survival of the respiratory mucin-secreting cells under histologic examination.

Conclusions:

Nasal floor mucosa should be considered a donor site when a mucous membrane graft is needed. The surgery is safe, easy to perform, and has less morbidity than either a nasal turbinate graft or a buccal mucosal graft.
Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 64, part 12, of the IJSEM
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: March 2015

This listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol
41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
Vibrio olivae sp. nov., isolated from Spanish-style green-olive fermentations
Authors: Lucena-Padrós Helena , González Juan M. , Caballero-Guerrero Belén , Luis Ruiz-Barba José , Maldonado-Barragán Antonio
Published: March 2015

Three isolates originating from Spanish-style green-olive fermentations in a manufacturing company in the province of Seville, Spain, were taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. This included a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based onpyrH,recA,rpoA,gyrBandmreBgenes. The isolates shared 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity withVibrio xiamenensisG21T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using the neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood methods showed that the isolates fell within the genusVibrioand formed an independent branch close toV. xiamenensisG21T. The maximum-parsimony method grouped the isolates toV. xiamenensisG21Tbut forming two clearly separated branches. Phylogenetic trees based on individualpyrH,recA,rpoA,gyrBandmreBgene sequences revealed that strain IGJ1.11Tformed a clade alone or withV. xiamenensisG21T. Sequence similarities of thepyrH,recA,rpoA,gyrBandmreBgenes between strain IGJ1.11TandV. xiamenensisG21Twere 86.7, 85.7, 97.3, 87.6 and 84.8 %, respectively. MLSA of concatenated sequences showed that strain IGJ1.11TandV. xiamenensisG21Tare two clearly separated species that form a clade, which we named CladeXiamenensis, that presented 89.7 % concatenated gene sequence similarity, i.e. less than 92 %. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) of strain IGJ1.11Twere summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7cand/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7cand/or C18 : 1ω6c). Enzymic activity profiles, sugar fermentation patterns and DNA G+C content (52.9 mol%) differentiated the novel strains from the closest related members of the genusVibrio. The nameVibrio olivaesp. nov. is proposed for the novel species. The type strain is IGJ1.11T( = CECT 8064T = DSM 25438T).
Extensive microRNA-mediated crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNAs in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Tan Jennifer Y. , Sirey Tamara , Honti Frantisek , Graham Bryony , Piovesan Allison , Merkenschlager Matthias , Webber Caleb , Ponting Chris P. , Marques Ana C.
Published: March 2015

Recently, a handful of intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to compete with mRNAs for binding to miRNAs and to contribute to development and disease. Beyond these reports, little is yet known of the extent and functional consequences of miRNA-mediated regulation of mRNA levels by lncRNAs. To gain further insight into lncRNA-mRNA miRNA-mediated crosstalk, we reanalyzed transcriptome-wide changes induced by the targeted knockdown of over 100 lncRNA transcripts in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We predicted that, on average, almost one-fifth of the transcript level changes induced by lncRNAs are dependent on miRNAs that are highly abundant in mESCs. We validated these findings experimentally by temporally profiling transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression following the loss of miRNA biogenesis in mESCs. Following the depletion of miRNAs, we found that >50% of lncRNAs and their miRNA-dependent mRNA targets were up-regulated coordinately, consistent with their interaction being miRNA-mediated. These lncRNAs are preferentially located in the cytoplasm, and the response elements for miRNAs they share with their targets have been preserved in mammals by purifying selection. Lastly, miRNA-dependent mRNA targets of each lncRNA tended to share common biological functions. Post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNA, in mESCs, is thus surprisingly prevalent, conserved in mammals, and likely to contribute to critical developmental processes.
Crystal structure ofcatena-poly[[aquabis(4-formylbenzoato)-κ2O1,O1′;κO1-zinc]-μ-pyrazine-κ2N:N′]
Authors: Aşkın Gülçin Şefiye , Çelik Fatih , Dilek Nefise , Necefoğlu Hacali , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: March 2015

The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric compound, [Zn(C8H5O3)2(C4H4N2)(H2O)]n, contains two molecular units. Each unit comprises two 4-formylbenzoate (FB) anions, one pyrazine molecule and one coordinating water molecule; the FB anions act either as bidentate or as monodentate ligands. The O atoms of the bidentately coordinating FB anions are disordered over two positions, and they were refined with fixed occupancy ratios of 0.75:0.25 and 0.70:0.30, respectively. In the ordered monodentately coordinating FB anions, the carboxylate groups are twisted away from the attached benzene rings (BandE) by 12.1 (2) and 9.2 (2)°, respectively. In the disordered FB anions, the corresponding angles are 14.1 (1) and 4.0 (2)° for benzene ringsAandD, respectively. Benzene ringsAandBare oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.7 (1)°,DandEat 23.2 (1)°. Pyrazine ringCmakes dihedral angles of 85.6 (1) and 72.7 (1)°, respectively, with benzene ringsAandB, and pyrazine ringFmakes dihedral angles of 87.0 (1) and 81.3 (1)° with benzene ringsDandE, respectively. The pyrazine ligands bridge the ZnIIcations, forming polymeric chains running parallel to theb-axis direction. Medium-strength intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the water molecules to the carboxylate O atoms. In the crystal, water–carboxylate O—H...O hydrogen bonds link adjacent chains into layers parallel to thebcplane. The layers are linkedviaweak pyrazine–formyl C—H...O and formyl–carboxylate C—H...O hydrogen bonds. π–π contacts between the benzene rings, with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.7765 (16), 3.7905 (15) and 3.8231 (16) Å, may further stabilize the structure. There are also weak C—H...π interactions present.
Age-related cognitive changes and distributed leadership
Authors: Rose Dennis Michael , Gordon Raymond
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence for age-related changes in cognition and the implications for leadership styles. In particular, a case is argued for distributed forms of leadership that encourage contribution across the age spectrum and hierarchical levels.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper takes a conceptual approach, combining the psychology and management literatures in arguing the case for newer leadership forms, appropriate to an ageing workforce.

Findings

– Three principal components of intelligence (fluid, and crystallised intelligence and working memory) are considered and it is argued that high levels of fluid intelligence, generally higher in younger employees, should be accessed while being balanced by crystallised intelligence (experience). Distributed leadership has been mainly applied in educational settings. This paper argues for distributed leadership to maximise creativity and innovation.

Practical implications

– Leadership forms that maximise creative input from staff across all age levels are likely to contribute to firm innovation and sustainability. Additionally, job satisfaction and turnover among junior staff may be positively influenced through opportunities for greater participation.

Social implications

– The elements discussed in this paper address important leadership issues for managing a multigenerational workforce.

Originality/value

– Distributed leadership has been discussed in educational and health literatures for some time; however it is only recently that this approach to leadership has appeared in mainstream management literature. The discussion of age-related changes and distributed leadership introduces and important topic for further research in newer forms of leadership.
Job related stress and job satisfaction: a comparative study among bank employees
Authors: George Elizabeth , K.A. Zakkariya
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether job satisfaction and job-related stress differ among employees of different banking sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

– Questionnaire were administered to 337 employees from various banks belonging to private sector, public sector and new generation banks. One way ANOVA was conducted to find out whether job satisfaction and job relates stress varied on the basis of three different sectors of banks. Furtherpost hoctest was conducted to find out which sector differs significantly.

Findings

– Results indicated that employees of different sectors of bank had different level of job satisfaction and job-related stress. Further it was revealed that public sector banks have lower job-related stress when compared to private sector banks and new generation banks; and higher job satisfaction when compared to new generation banks.

Practical implications

– With the rapid developments and competition in banks, measures should be taken in private sector banks and new generations banks to reduce job-related stress and enhance job satisfaction level of employees. This may also result in increased quality of services and reduced labour turnover in banks.

Originality/value

– The study is original and empirical in nature. It shows that the job satisfaction and job-related stress differ among employees of different groups of banks in the banking sector. If banking sector is considered as a true representative of the service sector, the results of this study has wider implication in the service industry as a whole.
Followership behaviors and barriers to wealth creation
Authors: Hayes Linda A. , Caldwell Cam , Licona Bryan , Meyer Thomas E.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to further research in the leader-follower relationship by focussing on followership. Given the need to increase organizational collaboration and cooperation, this research identifies the nature of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics and develops a continuum of increasing follower compliance to stewardship with the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research integrates the insights of highly regarded researchers into a continuum of follower compliance to stewardship and proposes 12 propositions of leaders and followers that address the importance of creating an environment for improved collaboration and cooperation which ultimately leads to increased organizational competitiveness and profitability.

Findings

– A continuum of increasing follower buy-in is proposed with the first four zones drawn from past literature (indifference, acceptance, trust, and commitment) and a fifth zone, follower stewardship, being introduced in the paper. The authors argue that understanding and fostering follower behaviors along the continuum improves organizational effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications

– This research offers a framework of follower behaviors and characteristics and proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers to improve competitiveness and profitability that can be tested in future research.

Practical implications

– This paper provides valuable insights to scholars and practitioners by creating a framework of follower buy-in behaviors and characteristics that will allow leaders to increase the effectiveness of organizational culture, practices, and procedures. The research proposes 12 hypotheses of leaders and followers that can be tested for improving organizational competitiveness and profitability.

Social implications

– The paper identifies barriers to creating followership including under-investing in human capital, treating followers as means rather than as ends, thinking short-term, breaking commitments, and so on.

Originality/value

– The research develops a solid theoretical background for categorizing and measuring follower buy-in to organizations and introduces follower stewardship to management research.
Empowering individuals to integrate work and life: insights for management development
Authors: Friedman Stewart D , Westring Alyssa
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– In efforts to improve employee recruitment and retention and enhance productivity and morale, organizations have implemented policies and practices (e.g. flextime, telework to address employee work-life concerns). However, there is mixed evidence regarding their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to complement work-life policies, initiatives aimed at empowering employees with the knowledge and skills to manage multiple life roles may be valuable. Little information is available regarding the nature or effectiveness of such initiatives. Through an in-depth analysis of one initiative, Total Leadership, the authors provide insights that can be used in the selection, design, implementation, and evaluation of work-life empowerment efforts.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use a mixed methods approach to explore the experiences of 316 participants in the Total Leadership program. Self-assessments (pre and post) were analyzed using quantitative methods (e.g. Cohen’sd-value). Inductive and iterative qualitative methods were employed to understand the types of experiments participants created as part of the program.

Findings

– The authors found that participants reported significant increases in satisfaction and performance in all domains of life (work, home, community, and self). Further, the authors identified nine types of experiments that individuals used to enhance performance in all life domains. Implications for management development specialists are provided.

Originality/value

– This study provides unique and valuable insight for those interested in supporting employee work-life development, leadership, and performance in all domains of life. It represents one of the first efforts to provide evidence-based guidance for the design and implementation of such initiatives.
Non‐attendance and utilization of a speech and language therapy service: a retrospective pilot study of school‐aged referrals
Authors: Curran Amy , Flynn Catherine , Antonijevic‐Elliott Stanislava , Lyons Rena
Published: March 2015

Background

Non‐attendance and inappropriate referrals affect the effective and efficient running of healthcare services. Non‐engagement with speech and language therapy (SLT) services may lead to negative long‐term consequences for children in need of SLT intervention. Currently there is a dearth of research on non‐attendance and non‐engagement with SLT services.

Aims

To identify factors associated with (1) non‐attendance and (2) parents’ non‐engagement with SLT services.

Methods & Procedures

Demographic data were collected from 140 case files of children (aged 5;0–17;11 years) discharged from a public community SLT service (November 2011–October 2013) with no intervention provided. Logistic regression analyses explored relationships between demographic data and (1) non‐attendance and (2) non‐engagement with the SLT service.

Outcomes & Results

There was an increased probability of non‐attendance during winter (i.e. September–February inclusive; OR = 3.14; p = 0.028) relative to summer, and with each month a child waited for SLT assessment (OR = 1.19; p = 0.066). There was decreased probability of non‐attendance with children referred for speech (OR = 0.08; p = 0.011) or language difficulties (OR = 0.15; p = 0.050) relative to dysfluency. The probability of non‐engagement with the SLT service increased in each of the following conditions: with each month a child waited for assessment (OR = 1.27; p = 0.004); in urban (OR = 2.40; p = 0.066) relative to rural locations; during winter (OR = 2.65; p = 0.021) relative to summer; and with referrals made by occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists and social workers (OR = 18.65; p = 0.016) relative to doctor referrals.

Conclusions & Implications

Non‐attendance is influenced by wait times, season and the reason for referral. Location (urban versus rural), referral source, wait times and season are factors related to non‐engagement with SLT services. Targeted policies to improve efficiency and effectiveness of SLT services could be designed around these study findings.
An Archaeological Critique of ‘Evidence‐based Management’: One Digression After Another
Authors: Morrell Kevin , Learmonth Mark , Heracleous Loizos
Published: March 2015

Fundamental problems remain with evidence‐based management. We argue that, rather than being addressed, these problems are treated as digressions. One explanation for this is an ongoing incoherence: the evidence‐based approach relegates narrative to a ghetto category of knowledge, but it is itself a narrative. Moreover, while this narrative is becoming more polished through repetition and selective assimilation of critique, it is also becoming simplified and less interesting. A Foucauldian, archaeological analysis accounts for this development by locating evidence‐based management in a broader historical context. This analysis shows how the roots of incoherence can be informed by older exchanges between evidence and narrative.
Child and Adolescent Predictors of Personality in Early Adulthood
Authors: Wängqvist Maria , Lamb Michael E. , Frisén Ann , Hwang C. Philip
Published: March 2015

This study investigated development of the Big Five personality traits from early childhood into adulthood. An initial group of 137 Swedish children were assessed eight times between ages 2 and 29 years. Initial decreases in extraversion leveled off in early adulthood; agreeableness and conscientiousness increased from ages 2 to 29; neuroticism initially increased, leveled off in later childhood and adolescence, and decreased throughout early adulthood; while openness to experience showed an initial increase, then decreased and leveled off in early adulthood. Individual developmental trajectories varied significantly, particularly in relation to gender. Personality traits became increasingly stable, and the fact that childhood scores predicted scores in adulthood indicated that personalities are fairly stable across this portion of the life span.
Bone Response and Soft Tissue Changes Around Implants With/Without Abutments Supporting Fixed Partial Dentures: Results From a 3‐Year, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Göthberg Catharina , André Ulrika , Gröndahl Kerstin , Thomsen Peter , Slotte Christer
Published: March 2015

Background

Diverging opinions exist regarding rough surface abutment usage, and abutment exclusion effects are unstudied.

Purpose

The study aims to: (1) assess tissue response to oxidized or machined abutments or no abutment; and (2) evaluate immediate implant‐loading effects.

Materials and Methods

In a 2005–2008 parallel‐group randomized, clinical trial, 50 partially edentulous subjects received three Brånemark TiUnite™ (Nobel Biocare®, Gothenburg, Sweden) implants. Superstructures were attached via abutments (one with a TiUnite surface – AOX, and one with a machine‐milled surface – AM) or directly at implant level (IL). Implants were immediately loaded (test) or unloaded for 3 months (control). Postoperative examinations were done up to 3 years.

Results

Forty‐seven subjects were reexamined after 3 years. Four and two implants were lost in test and control groups, respectively, during the first year. Thereafter, no implant loss occurred (95.7% survival). After 1 year, mean (SEM) peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL) was 1.33 (0.08) mm (test) and 1.25 (0.08) mm (control). Between 1 and 3 years, a nonsignificant MBL occurred: 0.36 (0.08) mm (test) and 0.33 (0.06) mm (control). Similar MBL was found at IL (1.81 [0.93] mm) and AOX (1.77 [0.14] mm) after 3 years and was significantly lower at AM (1.42 [0.17] mm) than at IL (groups merged); 42% of the implants displayed mucosal bleeding at 3 years and probing pocket depths varied between 2.13 (0.12) mm and 3.62 (0.15) mm, significantly lower buccally. Bleeding on probing (BoP) in minute amounts was found in 30–45% of the sites and abundant BoP at about 20% of the sites. Soft tissue retracted mostly during year 1 and was more pronounced buccally. Regression analyses revealed significant effects from smoking, periodontal disease, abundant BoP, and a low initial implant stability quotient on MBL.

Conclusions

No further significant MBL was found between 1 and 3 years, irrespective of loading protocol. Use of machined abutments may benefit marginal bone stability over time.
Research to Practice: Observing Learning in Tinkering Activities
Authors: Gutwill Joshua P. , Hido Nina , Sindorf Lisa
Published: March 2015

As tinkering and making spaces proliferate in museums, many researchers, practitioners, funders, and policy‐makers seek to understand what constitutes learning‐through‐tinkering. To support discussion of tinkering‐based learning, the Exploratorium sought to articulate and refine a valid, evidence‐based definition of learning in its permanent on‐floor Tinkering Studio. We studied and made videos of fifty learners and their companions in one of three tinkering activities in the Tinkering Studio. A team of researchers and practitioners used the videos to refine frameworks for learning and facilitation (initially developed in a prior project), leading to the identification of four Dimensions of Learning and three broad Facilitation Moves. We created a Tinkering Library of Exemplars that categorizes over one hundred video clips according to these frameworks. The Library may help articulate important aspects of learning and facilitation, give voice to practitioners’ values in defining learning‐through‐tinkering, and lay a methodological foundation for gathering evidence for such learning. The Library is available for download.
The Museum Experience: Mapping the Experience of Fine Art
Authors: Kirchberg Volker , Tröndle Martin
Published: March 2015

How do visitors to fine art museums experience exhibitions? Can we classify their experiences? What are the factors that drive different types of visitor experience? We set out to answer these questions by analyzing from sociological, psychological, physiological, and behavioral perspectives the responses of 576 visitors to a special exhibition11: 1 (+ 3) = Eleven Collections for One Museummounted at the Kunstmuseum St. Gallen, Switzerland, from June to August 2009. Our five‐year research project,eMotion: Mapping the Museum Experience, interpreted computer‐modeled movement‐tracking and physiological maps of the visitors in complement with entrance and exit surveys. We tested individual aspects of the visitor, such as her or his expectations of the exhibition prior to seeing it; his or her socio‐demographic characteristics; her or his affinity for art, mood just before and receptivity just after the visit; and spatial, individual, and group‐related behavior patterns. Our study breaks down three types of exhibition experience that we call “the contemplative,” “the enthusing,” and “the social experience.” The results yield new information about aesthetic arousal, cognitive reaction, patterns of social behavior, and the diverse elements of the exhibition experience.
Listening to People Listening to Music: Lessons for Museums
Authors: Heimlich Joe E. , Argiro Carol , Farnbauch Christy
Published: March 2015

The language people use to talk about something can constrain as well as facilitate understanding. This essay explores the lessons learned through a study of how people talked about music to examine what it can mean for museums and museum experiences. The study itself had people talk about their interest, background, and ways of engaging with music, then listen to random cuts of preselected music to talk about what they were hearing. Several themes emerged from the study, suggesting there are clusters to ways in which people frame their experiences of music, which extend to how people might understand the museum experience and what museums might do to make that experience more relevant.
Invasion success of a global avian invader is explained by within‐taxon niche structure and association with humans in the native range
Authors: Strubbe Diederik , Jackson Hazel , Groombridge Jim , Matthysen Erik
Published: March 2015

Aim

To mitigate the threat invasive species pose to ecosystem functioning, reliable risk assessment is paramount. Spatially explicit predictions of invasion risk obtained through bioclimatic envelope models calibrated with native species distribution data can play a critical role in invasive species management. Forecasts of invasion risk to novel environments, however, remain controversial. Here, we assess how species’ association with human‐modified habitats in the native range and within‐taxon niche structure shape the distribution of invasive populations at biogeographical scales and influence the reliability of predictions of invasion risk.

Location

Africa, Asia and Europe.

Methods

We use ~1200 native and invasive ring‐necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) occurrences and associated data on establishment success in combination with mtDNA‐based phylogeographic structure to assess niche dynamics during biological invasion and to generate predictions of invasion risk. Niche dynamics were quantified in a gridded environmental space while bioclimatic models were created using the biomod2 ensemble modelling framework.

Results

Ring‐necked parakeets show considerable niche expansion into climates colder than their native range. Only when incorporating a measure of human modification of habitats within the native range do bioclimatic envelope models yield credible predictions of invasion risk for parakeets across Europe. Invasion risk derived from models that account for differing niche requirements of phylogeographic lineages and those that do not achieve similar statistical accuracy, but there are pronounced differences in areas predicted to be susceptible for invasion.

Main conclusions

Information on within‐taxon niche structure and especially association with humans in the native range can substantially improve predictive models of invasion risk. To provide policymakers with robust predictions of invasion risk, including these factors into bioclimatic envelope models is recommended.
Inflammation‐induced sensitization of the brain in term infants
Authors: Fleiss Bobbi , Tann Cally J , Degos Vincent , Sigaut Stéphanie , Van Steenwinckel Juliette , Schang Anne‐Laure , Kichev Anton , Robertson Nicola J , Mallard Carina , Hagberg Henrik , Gressens Pierre
Published: March 2015

Perinatal insults are a leading cause of infant mortality and amongst survivors are frequently associated with neurocognitive impairment, cerebral palsy (CP), and seizure disorders. The events leading to perinatal brain injury are multifactorial. This review describes how one subinjurious factor affecting the brain sensitizes it to a second injurious factor, causing an exacerbated injurious cascade. We will review the clinical and experimental evidence, including observations of high rates of maternal and fetal infections in term‐born infants with neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. In addition, we will discuss preclinical evidence for the sensitizing effects of inflammation on injuries, such as hypoxia–ischaemia, our current understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the sensitization process, and the possibility for neuroprotection.
Latitude‐wide genetic patterns reveal historical effects and contrasting patterns of turnover and nestedness at the range peripheries of a tropical marine fish
Authors: Liggins Libby , Booth David J. , Figueira Will F. , Treml Eric A. , Tonk Linda , Ridgway Tyrone , Harris David A. , Riginos Cynthia
Published: March 2015

Few studies have examined core–periphery genetic patterns in tropical marine taxa. The core–periphery hypothesis (CPH) predicts that core populations will have higher genetic diversity and lower genetic differentiation than peripheral populations as a consequence of greater population sizes and population connectivity in the core. However, the applicability of the CPH to many tropical marine taxa may be confounded by their complex population histories and/or high (asymmetric) population connectivity. In this study we investigated genetic patterns (based on mtDNA) across the latitudinal range of the neon damselfish Pomacentrus coelestis (36°N, Japan – 37°S, east Australia). We suggest a novel hypothetical framework for core–periphery genetic patterns and extend typical analyses to include genealogical analyses, partitioned β‐diversity measures (total βSOR, turnover βSIM, and nestedness‐resultant βSNE), and analyses of nestedness. We found that the existence of two divergent lineages of the neon damselfish led levels of genetic diversity to deviate from CPH expectations. When focusing on the widespread lineage (Pacific clade) nucleotide diversity was higher in the core, supporting the CPH. However, genetic patterns differed toward the northern and southern peripheries of the Pacific clade. The turnover of haplotypes (pairwise‐βsim) increased over distance in the north, indicative of historical colonization with little contemporary migration. In contrast, although turnover was still dominant in the south (βSIM), there was no relationship to distance (pairwise‐βsim), suggesting the influence of more contemporary processes. Moreover, the haplotype compositions of populations in the south were nested according to latitude, indicating immigration from lower latitudes toward the southern periphery. By extending the typical characterizations of core–periphery genetic patterns we were able to identify the effects of lineage sympatry on measures of genetic diversity and contrasting demographic histories toward the latitudinal peripheries of the neon damselfish's range.