bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitarbeiterflexibilisierung und KVP – ein Widerspruch?
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Belz Thore , Dreyer Maximilian
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Ganzheitliche Produktionssysteme (GPS) sind heutzutage Stand der Technik in produzierenden Unternehmen. Neben der Implementierung von Lean-Methoden und -Werkzeugen wurde mittlerweile auch die Notwendigkeit einer GPS-gerechten Führung, dem Lean Leadership, erkannt. Nachhaltiger Erfolg gelingt vor allem mit Führung auf Shopfloor-Ebene und zur selbstständigen Problemlösung befähigten Mitarbeitern – dem wichtigsten Element im kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess (KVP). Um volatilen Produktionsanforderungen gerecht zu werden, setzen Unternehmen zunehmend auch Methoden zur kurzfristigen Mitarbeiterflexibilisierung ein. Hier stellt sich die Frage, wie ein KVP bei variablen Arbeitsbeziehungen funktionieren kann. Eine mögliche Lösung bietet ein gezielter Methodeneinsatz im Lean Leadership, der die Einbindung flexibler Mitarbeiter in den KVP unterstützt.
Umsetzungsbarrieren und -lösungen von Industrie 4.0
Authors: Wenking Marian , Benninghaus Christoph , Friedli Thomas
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Studie „Industrie 4.0 – From a Management Perspective“ der Universität St. Gallen beleuchtet unter anderem die größten Hindernisse für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung von Industrie 4.0, zeigt welche Probleme bereits gelöst werden konnten und erläutert an welchen Stellen nach wie vor akuter Handlungsbedarf besteht. Hierzu wurden insgesamt 116 Unternehmen der produzierenden Industrie befragt. Im Folgenden werden die signifikantesten Barrieren vorgestellt und Handlungsvorschläge präsentiert.
Die Wahl der richtigen Beschaffungsstrategie
Authors: Pause Daniel , Starick Christian , Adema Jens , Kraut Andreas , Blum Matthias , Hinrichs Nina
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Im Zuge der Globalisierung und einer steigenden Marktdynamik gewinnt die Optimierung der Lieferketten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Beschaffungsstrategien im Wertschöpfungsnetzwerk unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses verschiedener Produktionsparameter fällt in der unternehmerischen Praxis zunehmend schwer. Hierbei können Simulationen von Lieferketten Abhilfe schaffen, um Wertschöpfungsstrukturen entlang der Supply Chain zu analysieren und zu verbessern.
Total Cost of Ownership-Betrachtungen von Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Lanza Gisela , Schulze Volker , Bejnoud Farboud , Stähr Tom , Wruck Anne , Ren Lab-Hang
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Für die Betrachtung der Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) von Werkzeugmaschinen gibt es seit vielen Jahren Vorarbeiten. Trotzdem werden TCO in der Praxis bisher kaum berücksichtigt. Auf der Suche nach den Ursachen wurde eine Umfrage unter Herstellern und Betreibern von Werkzeugmaschinen zu Verbreitung, Chancen und Hemmnissen von TCO-Betrachtungen vorgenommen. Ausgehend von den identifizierten Bedürfnissen der Branche wird das weitere Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung eines einheitlichen Standards für TCO-Berechnungen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau vorgestellt.
Systematische Durchführung eines Odette-GMMOG-Audits mit dem MITO-Methoden-Tool
Authors: Binner Hartmut F.
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Vorgestellt wird in diesem Beitrag eine methodentoolgestützte Vorgehensweise zur Durchführung eines Odette-GMMOG-Audits in Form einer Selbstbewertung durch den Automobilzulieferer. MMOG/LE ist der globale Standard für Supply Chain Management-Prozesse, der eine branchenführende Vorgehensweise bietet. Angestrebt wird eine gemeinsame Definition von Materialmanagementpraktiken, um eine effektive Kommunikation zwischen den Handelspartnern zu erleichtern.
Adaptive Produktionsplanung und -steuerung
Authors: Schukraft Susanne , Veigt Marius , Freitag Michael
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Nachfrageschwankungen und wechselnde Auftragscharakteristika stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Zulieferindustrie in der Luftfahrtbranche. Die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung (PPS) muss in der Lage sein, flexibel auf Änderungen im Produktionsumfeld zu reagieren, um auch bei wechselnden Auftragslagen eine hohe Leistungsfähigkeit sicherzustellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen und einen Lösungsansatz zur situationsgerechte Auswahl von PPS-Verfahren für eine adaptive PPS.
Probleme schnell und nachhaltig lösen
Authors: Dombrowski Uwe , Jäger Fabian , van Vliet Benedikt
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Durch die schnelle Reaktion auf Probleme im Fertigungsprozess und die nachhaltige Behebung der Ursachen können produzierende Unternehmen die Kosten für Ausschuss und Nacharbeit signifikant reduzieren. Eine verbreitete Methode zur systematischen Lösung von Problemen ist die von Toyota entwickelte A3-Methode. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie diese Methode angewendet wird und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die besten Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, welches die entscheidenden Erfolgsfaktoren bei der Nutzung der A3-Methode sind.
Fertigungsbegleitende Qualitätskontrolle in der Elektromotorenfertigung
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Abersfelder Sandra , Urban Nikolaus , Schneider Michael , Franke Jörg
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Permanent erregte Synchronmotoren zeichnen sich durch hochdynamisches Betriebsverhalten bei sehr guter Regelbarkeit und Leistungsdichte aus. Die Laufeigenschaften dieser Antriebe unterliegen fertigungsbedingter Abweichungen. Insbesondere die weitgehend fehlende Qualitätskontrolle des Rotormagnetfeldes vor dem Fügen von Rotor- und Statorbaugruppe lässt eine Beurteilung der Leistung sowie der Drehmomentschwankungen erst in der Endkontrolle zu. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt somit die Möglichkeiten und Potenziale einer In-Line-Qualitätskontrolle in der Rotorfertigung.
Digitalisierung von Geschäftsmodellen durch plattformbasiertes Value Chain Management
Authors: Dehmer Joanna , Kutzera Ana-Alicia , Niemann Jörg
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Transformation von traditionalen Wertschöpfungsprozessen in Richtung eines digitalen Value Chain Management befähigt Unternehmen, Wettbewerbspositionen aufzubauen und nachhaltig abzusichern. Die Digitalisierung bietet die Chance, über partnerschaftlich betriebene Plattformen umfassendere Prozessketten mit effizienten Prozessabläufen zu etablieren. Eine gesteigerte Kundenbindung (“Lock-in“) über die Gestaltung des Frontends steigt die Auslastung und erhöht die Planungssicherheit in den technologischen Rückgewinnungssystemen.
Laserpolieren im Werkzeugbau – High-Tech trifft Tradition
Authors: Reiling Joshua , Hogg Markus , Eisele Urs
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Bearbeitung von Oberflächen an Blechumformwerkzeugen erfolgt durch manuelle Polierarbeiten, welche von erfahrenen Werkzeugmachern durchgeführt werden. Automatisierte Verfahren dienen der Effizienzsteigerung bei der Herstellung von Umformwerkzeugen. Untersucht wurde das kontaktlose Verfahren des Laserpolierens an Bauteilen aus Kugelgraphitguss. Als positiv erwies sich die Härtesteigerung in der Randschicht durch die Laserbearbeitung, die den wirtschaftlichen Nutzen zusätzlich steigert.
Logistikcontrolling der unternehmensinternen Lieferkette
Authors: Härtel Lasse , Schmidt Matthias , Nyhuis Peter
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Bei dem Versuch, ihre logistische Performance gegenüber ihren Kunden nachhaltig zu verbessern, treffen Unternehmen häufig Entscheidungen, die lediglich der Symptombekämpfung dienen und nicht die eigentlichen Problemursachen beseitigen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur quantitativen Ursachenanalyse vorgestellt, das insbesondere mittelständische Unternehmen bei der Ableitung effektiver Maßnahmen zur Steigerung ihrer logistischen Leistung unterstützt.
Kleine Ursache, große Wirkung
Authors: Georgi Oliver , Greif Josef
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Bereits kleinste Fremdkörper an den Anlageflächen von Werkzeugaufnahmen mit Hohlschaftkegel führen zu einer ungenauen Positionierung beim Spannvorgang. Die Folge sind erhöhter Werkzeugverschleiß sowie Bearbeitungsfehler. Ein Ansatz zur Gewährleistung der Prozesszuverlässigkeit ist die sensorgestützte Überwachung der Werkzeugposition. Der Beitrag stellt ein Überwachungssystem auf Basis von Millimeterwellen-Resonatoren vor und untersucht dessen Leistungsfähigkeit anhand einer simulativen Sensitivitätsanalyse des Systemverhaltens bei Eintrag eines Fremdkörpers.
Synthesis and thermo-mechanical investigation of macrodiol-based shape memory polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Naheed Shazia , Zuber Mohammad , Barikani Mehdi
Published: May 2017

Shape memory polyurethanes have been prepared from polycaprolactone diol, 1,6-hexanediol and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. The structural identification of the final polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermo-mechanical history was studied using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and shape memory testing by tensile cyclic loading using a temperature controlled chamber. The absence of any peak corresponding to functional groups of monomers confirmed the completion of reaction. The thermo-grams showed a gradual decrease in the thermal transition with increasing crystallinity, with corresponding increase in the molecular weight of macrodiol used as soft segments. The highest value of shape recovery of the sample (PCL, 4 000 g mol−1) obtained was 96%, and retention up to 85%.
Reactive wetting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by molten Al 4043 and 6061 alloys at 600–700°C
Authors: Lin Qiaoli , Li Fuxiang , Jin Peng , Yu Weiyuan
Published: May 2017

Wetting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by two industrial grade Al alloys (i. e., Al 6061 and 4043 alloys) was studied using the sessile drop method at 600–700 °C under high vacuum. Al/Ti-6Al-4V is a typical reactive wetting system with good final wettability accompanied by the formation of precursor film which is actually an extended reaction layer. The formation mechanism for the precursor film is “subcutaneous infiltration”. The small amount of alloying element Si in the alloys can cause significant segregation at the liquid/solid interface which satisfies the thermodynamic condition. The wetting behavior can be described by the classic reaction product control models, and Ti7Al5Si12 decomposition and Al3Ti formation correspond to the two spreading stages. The small difference in alloying elements in Al 6061 and 4043 resulted in distinctly different interface structures, formation of precursor film and spreading dynamics, especially for the Si segregation at the interface.
DFT Study on the Interaction of the Smallest Fullerene C20 with Lithium Ions and Atoms
Authors: Kawabata Hiroshi , Tachikawa Hiroto
Published: May 2017

The smallest fullerene C20 with positive electron affinity is considered to be a new organic nano-electronic material. The binding structures and electronic states of lithium ions and atoms (Li+ and Li) trapped on the surface of C20 have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculation to elucidate the nature of their interaction. It was found that a Li+ can bind to only one site of C20. This is, specifically, on top of the site where Li+ binds to the carbon atom of C20. On the other hand, in the case of a Li atom, two structures were obtained besides the on-top structure. One was pentagonal structure which included a Li atom on a five-membered ring of C20. The other was a triangular structure in which the Li atom bind to the the carbon–carbon bond of C20. Finally, the nature of the interactions between Li ions or atoms and the C20 cluster was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.
Contrasting Phenomenology of NMR Shifts in Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Haase Jürgen , Jurkutat Michael , Kohlrautz Jonas
Published: May 2017

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shifts, if stripped of their uncertainties, must hold key information about the electronic fluid in the cuprates. The early shift interpretation that favored a single-fluid scenario will be reviewed, as well as recent experiments that reported its failure. Thereafter, based on literature shift data for planar Cu, a contrasting shift phenomenology for cuprate superconductors is developed, which is very different from the early view while being in agreement with all published data. For example, it will be shown that the hyperfine scenario used up to now is inadequate as a large isotropic shift component is discovered. Furthermore, the changes of the temperature dependences of the shifts above and below the superconducting transitions temperature proceed according to a few rules that were not discussed before. It appears that there can be substantial spin shift at the lowest temperature if the magnetic field is perpendicular to the CuO 2 plane, which points to a localization of spin in the 3 d ( x 2 − y 2 ) orbital. A simple model is presented based on the most fundamental findings. The analysis must have new consequences for theory of the cuprates.
The Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae) Reveals Native and Invasive Lineages throughout the World
Authors: Gross Caroline , Fatemi Mohammad , Julien Mic , McPherson Hannah , Van Klinken Rieks
Published: May 2017

Phyla nodiflora is an herbaceous perennial and an enigmatic species. It is indigenous to the Americas but is considered a natural component of the flora in many areas and a weed in others. Our aim was to circumscribe the native range of P. nodiflora, to explore dispersal mechanisms and routes and to test the hypothesis that P. nodiflora is native outside of the Americas. Determining whether distributions are natural or human-induced has implications for decisions regarding weed control or conservation. We undertook phylogenetic analyses using sequence variation in nuclear DNA marker ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) for a global sample of 160 populations of P. nodiflora sourced from Asia, Australia, central America, the Mediterranean, southern North America, South America and Africa. Analyses included maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, a Bayesian estimation of phylogeny and a parsimony network analysis which provided a genealogical reconstruction of ribotypes. We evaluated phylogenies against extensive historical and biogeographical data. Based on the sequences, 64 ribotypes were identified worldwide within P. nodiflora and considerable geographic structure was evident with five clades: one unsupported and the remaining weakly supported (bootstrap support ranging from 52% to 71%). Populations from central and southern North America formed the core area in the indigenous range and we have detected at least three native lineages outside of this range. Within Australia P. nodiflora is represented by at least one native lineage and several post-European introductions. Phyla nodiflora is one of the few species in the family Verbenaceae to have a pan-tropical native distribution, probably resulting from natural dispersal from America to Africa then to Australasia. However, it has also undergone human-mediated dispersal, which has obscured the native-origin of some ribotypes. These introductions present a risk of diluting the pan-tropical structure evident in this species and therefore they have important conservation implications.
Cauchy Principal Value Contour Integral with Applications
Authors: Legua Matilde , Sánchez-Ruiz Luis
Published: May 2017

Cauchy principal value is a standard method applied in mathematical applications by which an improper, and possibly divergent, integral is measured in a balanced way around singularities or at infinity. On the other hand, entropy prediction of systems behavior from a thermodynamic perspective commonly involves contour integrals. With the aim of facilitating the calculus of such integrals in this entropic scenario, we revisit the generalization of Cauchy principal value to complex contour integral, formalize its definition and—by using residue theory techniques—provide an useful way to evaluate them.
The Impact of Shading Type and Azimuth Orientation on the Daylighting in a Classroom–Focusing on Effectiveness of Façade Shading, Comparing the Results of DA and UDI
Authors: Lee Kyung , Han Ki , Lee Jae
Published: May 2017

There are many kinds of façade shading designs which provide optimal indoor daylighting conditions. Thus, considering combinations of different types of façade shading systems is an essential aspect in the optimization of daylighting in the building design process. This study explores (1) how the pattern and different characteristics are evaluated by varying façade shading types and considering their impact on daylighting metrics; and (2) the relative relationships between Daylight Autonomy (DA) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) with changes of the façade shading types, input parameters, and azimuth orientations. A typical high-school classroom has been chosen as a base model, and seven different façade shading types: vertical louver, horizontal louver, eggcrate louver, overhang, vertical slat, horizontal slat, and light shelf have been applied to eight azimuth orientations for the building. As tools for parametric design and indoor lighting analysis, Design Iterate Validate Adapt (DIVA)-for-Grasshopper has been used to obtain DA and UDI for comparison. Based on the simulation, (1) the effectiveness of the installation of façade shading compared to a non-shading case; and (2) design considerations for façade shading are presented. The result shows that there are some meaningful differences in DA and UDI metrics with the variation of orientation and façade shading types, although all cases of façade shading show some degree of decrease in DA and increase in UDI values. The types of shading devices which produce a dramatic decrease in DA values are the light shelf, horizontal slats, horizontal louvers, and eggcrate louvers. On the contrary, the types of shading devices which produce a dramatic increase in UDI values are the light shelf, horizontal slats, horizontal louvers, and eggcrate louvers. In the case of the vertical and vertical slat shading, the improvements of UDI values are significant in the east and west orientations. This demonstrates that the application and design of shading devices in certain façade orientations should be carefully considered for daylight control. Also, the results show that UDI explains relatively well the daylight performance in the case of the installation of a shading device.
Bayesian Estimation of Remaining Useful Life for Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Nielsen Jannie , Sørensen John
Published: May 2017

To optimally plan maintenance of wind turbine blades, knowledge of the degradation processes and the remaining useful life is essential. In this paper, a method is proposed for calibration of a Markov deterioration model based on past inspection data for a range of blades, and updating of the model for a specific wind turbine blade, whenever information is available from inspections and/or condition monitoring. Dynamic Bayesian networks are used to obtain probabilities of inspection outcomes for a maximum likelihood estimation of the transition probabilities in the Markov model, and are used again when updating the model for a specific blade using observations. The method is illustrated using indicative data from a database containing data from inspections of wind turbine blades.
Adsorption Behaviour of Lactic Acid on Granular Activated Carbon and Anionic Resins: Thermodynamics, Isotherms and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Pradhan Nirakar , Rene Eldon , Lens Piet , Dipasquale Laura , D’Ippolito Giuliana , Fontana Angelo , Panico Antonio , Esposito Giovanni
Published: May 2017

Solid-liquid extraction (adsorption or ion exchange) is a promising approach for the in situ separation of organic acids from fermentation broths. In this study, a diluted concentration of lactic acid (<10 g/L) separation from a model fermentation broth by granular activated carbon (GAC) as well as weak (Reillex® 425 or RLX425) and strong (Amberlite® IRA-400 or AMB400) base anion exchange resins under various operating conditions was experimentally investigated. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the best lactic acid adsorption performances were obtained at a pH below the pKa value of lactic acid (i.e., 3.86) for GAC and RLX425 by physical adsorption mechanism and above the pKa value for the AMB400 resin by an ion exchange mechanism, respectively. The adsorption capacity for GAC (38.2 mg/g) was the highest, followed by AMB400 (31.2 mg/g) and RLX425 (17.2 mg/g). As per the thermodynamic analysis, the lactic acid adsorbed onto GAC and RLX425 through a physical adsorption mechanism, whereas the lactic acid adsorbed onto AMB400 with an ion exchange mechanism. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 > 0.96) and the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 ~ 1) fitted better to the experimental data than the other models tested. Postulating the conditions for the real fermentation broth (pH: 5.0–6.5 and temperature: 30–80 °C), the resin AMB400 represents an ideal candidate for the extraction of lactic acid during fermentation.
Novelty and Its Ecological Implications to Dry Forest Functioning and Conservation
Authors: Lugo Ariel , Erickson Heather
Published: May 2017

Tropical and subtropical dry forest life zones support forests with lower stature and species richness than do tropical and subtropical life zones with greater water availability. The number of naturalized species that can thrive and mix with native species to form novel forests in dry forest conditions in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands is lower than in other insular life zones. These novel dry forests are young (<60 years) with low structural development, high species dominance, and variable species density. Species density is low during initial establishment and increases with age. At the 1-ha scale, novel forests can have greater species density than mature native forests. Species groups, such as nitrogen-fixing species, and other naturalized species that dominate novel dry forests, have a disproportional influence on forest element stoichiometry. Novel dry forests, compared to the mean of all forest species assemblages island-wide, tend to have fallen leaf litter with lower than average manganese and sodium concentrations and lower than average C/N and C/P ratios. After accounting for significant differences in stand age, geology, and or precipitation, novel dry forests compared to native dry forests have higher C anomalies, lower Ca and Na anomalies, and lower C/N ratio anomalies. Taken together, these characteristics may influence litter decomposition rates and the species composition, diversity, and food web dynamics in litter and soil. Novel dry forests also contribute to the conservation of native plant species on highly degraded lands.
Validity of Research-Grade Actigraphy Unit for Measuring Exercise Intensity
Authors: Han Ke-Tsung , Wang Po-Ching
Published: May 2017

This study was conducted in a free-living setting to investigate the measurement validity of a research-based actigraph for strolling and jogging, and to provide a reference for actual practice and research. Because inadequate physical activity (PA) or sedentary lifestyle has become the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide, many countries have been vigorously promoting the concept of “active living”, and the public has been investing greater effort into intensifying their PA. Although research-grade actigraphs have been widely applied to evaluate PA in routine environments, the measurement results may not accurately reflect the wearers’ PA. Unlike most relevant research, which is conducted in well-controlled laboratory environments, the present study was implemented in the field to examine the sensitivity and convergent validity of the MicroMini Motionlogger® Actigraph during strolling and jogging. The following results were revealed: (1) Although the exercise movement speed while jogging was significantly faster than that while strolling, the actigraph readings showed no significant difference between strolling and jogging; (2) The actigraph readings were (significantly or nonsignificantly) negatively correlated with metabolic heat and nonsignificantly correlated with movement speeds. Hence, the actigraph validity for measuring PA intensity while strolling and jogging remains debatable.
A Study Protocol for Applying User Participation and Co-Learning—Lessons Learned from the eBalance Project
Authors: Åberg Anna , Halvorsen Kjartan , From Ingrid , Bruhn Åsa , Oestreicher Lars , Melander-Wikman Anita
Published: May 2017

The eBalance project is based on the idea that serious exergames—i.e., computer gaming systems with an interface that requires physical exertion to play—that are well adapted to users, can become a substantial part of a solution to recognized problems of insufficient engagement in fall-prevention exercise and the high levels of fall-related injuries among older people. This project is carried out as a collaboration between eight older people who have an interest in balance training and met the inclusion criteria of independence in personal activities of daily living, access to and basic knowledge of a computer, four staff working with the rehabilitation of older adults, and an interdisciplinary group of six research coordinators covering the areas of geriatric care and rehabilitation, as well as information technology and computer science. This paper describes the study protocol of the project’s initial phase which aims to develop a working partnership with potential users of fall-prevention exergames, including its conceptual underpinnings. The qualitative methodology was inspired by an ethnographical approach implying combining methods that allowed the design to evolve through the study based on the participants’ reflections. A participatory and appreciative action and reflection (PAAR) approach, accompanied by inquiries inspired by the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used in interactive workshops, including exergame testing, and between workshop activities. Data were collected through audio recordings, photos, and different types of written documentation. The findings provide a description of the methodology thus developed and applied. They display a methodology that can be useful for the design and development of care service and innovations for older persons where user participation is in focus.
Redox Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN by Hydrogen Peroxide and Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Zhang Ying , Han Seong-Jeong , Park Iha , Kim Inyoung , Chay Kee-Oh , Kim Seok , Jang Dong , Lee Tae-Hoon , Lee Seung-Rock
Published: May 2017

Organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are skin tumor promoters. Free radical derivatives from these compounds are presumed to be the prominent mediators of tumor promotion. However, the molecular targets of these species are unknown. Phosphatase and tensin homologs deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are tumor suppressors that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, and cell survival by negative regulation of phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling. PTEN is reversibly oxidized in various cells by exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Oxidized PTEN is converted back to the reduced form by cellular reducing agents, predominantly by the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Here, the role of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in redox regulation of PTEN was analyzed by using cell-based and in vitro assays. Exposure to t-BHP led to oxidation of recombinant PTEN. In contrast to H2O2, PTEN oxidation by t-BHP was irreversible in HeLa cells. However, oxidized PTEN was reduced by exogenous Trx system. Taken together, these results indicate that t-BHP induces PTEN oxidation and inhibits Trx system, which results in irreversible PTEN oxidation in HeLa cells. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism of t-BHP in the promotion of tumorigenesis.
Application of Anthromes to Frame Scenario Planning for Landscape-Scale Conservation Decision Making
Authors: Gibson Dainee , Quinn John
Published: May 2017

Complexities in the rates and patterns of change necessitate the consideration of alternate futures in planning processes. These scenarios, and the inputs and assumptions used to build them, should reflect both ecological and social contexts. Considering the regional landscape as an anthrome, a priori, assumes human needs and institutions have a fundamental role and place in these futures, but that institutions incorporate ecological limits in decision making. As a case study of conservation scenario planning under the anthrome paradigm, we used a suite of InVEST models to develop and explore land use and land cover scenarios and to measure the associated change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in a region where dense settlements are expanding into populated and residential woodland anthromes. While tradeoffs between benefits in alternative futures are unavoidable, we found that distinct conservation opportunities arise within and around the protected areas and in the heterogeneous urban core of the county. Reflecting on the process and subsequent findings, we discuss why anthromes can be a more suitable framing for scenarios used in conservation decision making and land use planning. Specifically, we discuss how starting with anthromes influenced assumptions about inputs and opportunities and the decisions related to the planning for human and natural systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Conducting Copolymer Composites: Efficient Sorbents for Organic Pollutants
Authors: Emran Khadija , Ali Shimaa , Al-Oufi Aishah
Published: May 2017

Nano-conducting copolymers of aniline (ANI) and pyrrole (Py) with silica of different starting monomer ratios are prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that polyaniline (PANI) is the predominant phase in copolymer composites with a higher starting ANI monomer ratio while polypyrrole (PPy) is the major phase for other prepared samples. Transmission and scanning electron microscope images ascertained XRD results where hexagonal-shaped particles are assigned to PANI/SiO2 and poly(9ANI-co-1Py)/SiO2 samples; the cauliflower morphology can be observed for PPy/SiO2, poly(1ANI-co-9Py)/SiO2, poly(1ANI-co-2Py)/SiO2, and poly(1ANI-co-1Py)/SiO2 samples. One-dimensional nano-fibers can be obtained by using a starting monomer ratio of 2ANI:1Py during synthesis. Thermal analysis showed that copolymerization increases the thermal stability as compared with PANI/SiO2 and PPy/SiO2 composites. All prepared samples were applied as sorbents for Congo red dye from aqueous solutions. It was found that the sorption capacity value was affected by the starting monomer ratio; poly(2ANI-co-1Py)/SiO2 has the highest sorption capacity; the qm value is 142.9 mg g−1 due to its highly-stabilized nano-structure.
The Impact of Diet Wheat Source on the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus—Lessons Learned from the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Model
Authors: Gorelick Jonathan , Yarmolinsky Ludmila , Budovsky Arie , Khalfin Boris , Klein Joshua , Pinchasov Yosi , Bushuev Maxim , Rudchenko Tatiana , Ben-Shabat Shimon
Published: May 2017

Nutrition, especially wheat consumption, is a major factor involved in the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases such as celiac. While modern wheat cultivars possess similar gliadin proteins associated with the onset of celiac disease and T1D, alternative dietary wheat sources from Israeli landraces and native ancestral species may be lacking the epitopes linked with T1D, potentially reducing the incidence of T1D. The Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model was used to monitor the effects of dietary wheat sources on the onset and development of T1D. The effects of modern wheat flour were compared with those from either T. aestivum, T. turgidum spp. dicoccoides, or T. turgidum spp. dicoccum landraces or a non-wheat diet. Animals which received wheat from local landraces or ancestral species such as emmer displayed a lower incidence of T1D and related complications compared to animals fed a modern wheat variety. This study is the first report of the diabetogenic properties of various dietary wheat sources and suggests that alternative dietary wheat sources may lack T1D linked epitopes, thus reducing the incidence of T1D.
Determining Rice Growth Stage with X-Band SAR: A Metamodel Based Inversion
Authors: Yuzugullu Onur , Marelli Stefano , Erten Esra , Sudret Bruno , Hajnsek Irena
Published: May 2017

Rice crops are important in the global food economy, and new techniques are being implemented for their effective management. These techniques rely mainly on the changes in the phenological cycle, which can be investigated by remote sensing systems. High frequency and high spatial resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors have great potential in all-weather conditions for detecting temporal phenological changes. This study focuses on a novel approach for growth stage determination of rice fields from SAR data using a parameter space search algorithm. The method employs an inversion scheme for a morphology-based electromagnetic backscattering model. Since such a morphology-based model is complicated and computationally expensive, a surrogate metamodel-based inversion algorithm is proposed for the growth stage estimation. The approach is designed to provide estimates of crop morphology and corresponding growth stage from a continuous growth scale. The accuracy of the proposed method is tested with ground measurements from Turkey and Spain using the images acquired by the TerraSAR-X (TSX) sensor during a full growth cycle of rice crops. The analysis shows good agreement for both datasets. The results of the proposed method emphasize the effectiveness of X-band PolSAR data for morphology-based growth stage determination of rice crops.
High Frequency Field Measurements of an Undular Bore Using a 2D LiDAR Scanner
Authors: Martins Kévin , Bonneton Philippe , Frappart Frédéric , Detandt Guillaume , Bonneton Natalie , Blenkinsopp Chris
Published: May 2017

The secondary wave field associated with undular tidal bores (known as whelps) has been barely studied in field conditions: the wave field can be strongly non-hydrostatic, and the turbidity is generally high. In situ measurements based on pressure or acoustic signals can therefore be limited or inadequate. The intermittent nature of this process in the field and the complications encountered in the downscaling to laboratory conditions also render its study difficult. Here, we present a new methodology based on LiDAR technology to provide high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of the free surface of an undular tidal bore. A wave-by-wave analysis is performed on the whelps, and comparisons between LiDAR, acoustic and pressure-derived measurements are used to quantify the non-hydrostatic nature of this phenomenon. A correction based on linear wave theory applied on individual wave properties improves the results from the pressure transducer (Root mean square error, R M S E of 0 . 19 m against 0 . 38 m); however, more robust data is obtained from an upwards-looking acoustic sensor despite high turbidity during the passage of the whelps ( R M S E of 0 . 05 m). Finally, the LiDAR scanner provides the unique possibility to study the wave geometry: the distribution of measured wave height, period, celerity, steepness and wavelength are presented. It is found that the highest wave from the whelps can be steeper than the bore front, explaining why breaking events are sometimes observed in the secondary wave field of undular tidal bores.
Third Generation Antivenomics: Pushing the Limits of the In Vitro Preclinical Assessment of Antivenoms
Authors: Pla Davinia , Rodríguez Yania , Calvete Juan
Published: May 2017

Second generation antivenomics is a translational venomics approach designed to complement in vivo preclinical neutralization assays. It provides qualitative and quantitative information on the set of homologous and heterologous venom proteins presenting antivenom-recognized epitopes and those exhibiting impaired immunoreactivity. In a situation of worrying antivenom shortage in many tropical and sub-tropical regions with high snakebite mortality and morbidity rates, such knowledge has the potential to facilitate the optimal deployment of currently existing antivenoms and to aid in the rational design of novel broad specificity antidotes. The aim of the present work was to expand the analytical capability of the immunoaffinity second-generation antivenomics platform, endowing it with the ability to determine the maximal binding capacity of an antivenom toward the different toxins present in a venom, and to quantify the fraction of venom-specific antibodies present in a given antivenom. The application of this new platform, termed third generation (3G) antivenomics, in the preclinical evaluation of antivenoms is illustrated in this paper for the case of antivenom EchiTAb-Plus-ICP® reactivity towards the toxins of homologous (B. arietans) and heterologous (N. melanoleuca) venoms.
The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses
Authors: Donato Celeste , Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
Published: May 2017

Astroviruses are a diverse family of viruses that infect a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts. Here we describe the phylogenetic diversity and current classification methodology of astroviruses based on the ORF1b and ORF2 genes, highlighting the propensity of astroviruses to undergo interspecies transmission and genetic recombination which greatly increase diversity and complicate attempts at a unified and comprehensive classification strategy.
Microbial Natural Product Alternariol 5-O-Methyl Ether Inhibits HIV-1 Integration by Blocking Nuclear Import of the Pre-Integration Complex
Authors: Ding Jiwei , Zhao Jianyuan , Yang Zhijun , Ma Ling , Mi Zeyun , Wu Yanbing , Guo Jiamei , Zhou Jinmin , Li Xiaoyu , Guo Ying , Peng Zonggen , Wei Tao , Yu Haisheng , Zhang Liguo , Ge Mei , Cen Shan
Published: May 2017

While Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased the mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, emerging drug resistance to approved HIV-1 integrase inhibitors highlights the need to develop new antivirals with novel mechanisms of action. In this study, we screened a library of microbial natural compounds from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. and identified alternariol 5-O-methyl ether (AME) as a compound that inhibits HIV-1 pre-integration steps. Time-of addition analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, confocal microscopy, and WT viral replication assay were used to elucidate the mechanism. As opposed to the approved integrase inhibitor Raltegravir, AME reduced both the integrated viral DNA and the 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circular DNA, which suggests that AME impairs the nuclear import of viral DNA. Further confocal microscopy studies showed that AME specifically blocks the nuclear import of HIV-1 integrase and pre-integration complex without any adverse effects on the importin α/β and importin β-mediated nuclear import pathway in general. Importantly, AME inhibited Raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 strains and exhibited a broad anti-HIV-1 activity in diverse cell lines. These data collectively demonstrate the potential of AME for further development into a new HIV inhibitor, and suggest the utility of viral DNA nuclear import as a target for anti-HIV drug discovery.
Young Stars with SALT*
Authors: Riedel Adric R. , Alam Munazza K. , Rice Emily L. , Cruz Kelle L. , Henry Todd J.
Published: May 2017

We present a spectroscopic and kinematic analysis of 79 nearby M dwarfs in 77 systems. All of these dwarfs are low-proper-motion southern hemisphere objects and were identified in a nearby star survey with a demonstrated sensitivity to young stars. Using low-resolution optical spectroscopy from the Red Side Spectrograph on the South African Large Telescope, we have determined radial velocities, H-alpha, lithium 6708 Å, and potassium 7699 Å equivalent widths linked to age and activity, and spectral types for all of our targets. Combined with astrometric information from literature sources, we identify 44 young stars. Eighteen are previously known members of moving groups within 100 pc of the Sun. Twelve are new members, including one member of the TW Hydra moving group, one member of the 32 Orionis moving group, 9 members of Tucana-Horologium, one member of Argus, and two new members of AB Doradus. We also find 14 young star systems that are not members of any known groups. The remaining 33 star systems do not appear to be young. This appears to be evidence of a new population of nearby young stars not related to the known nearby young moving groups.
Convergent Migration Renders TRAPPIST-1 Long-lived
Authors: Tamayo Daniel , Rein Hanno , Petrovich Cristobal , Murray Norman
Published: May 2017

TRAPPIST-1 is a late M-dwarf orbited by seven Earth-sized planets with orbital period ratios near a chain of mean motion resonances. Due to uncertain system parameters, most orbital configurations drawn from the inferred posterior distribution are unstable on short timescales of ∼0.5 Myr, even when including the eccentricity damping effect of tides. By contrast, we show that most physically plausible resonant configurations generated through disk migration are stable even without tidal dissipation on timescales of at least 50 Myr (1010 orbits), an increase of at least two orders of magnitude. This result, together with the remarkable chain of period ratios in the system, provide strong evidence for convergent migration naturally emplacing the system near an equilibrium configuration forced by the resonant chain. We provide an openly available database of physically plausible initial conditions for TRAPPIST-1 generated through parameterized planet–disk interactions, as well as bit-by-bit reproducible N-body integrations over 109–1010 orbits.
« Gouverner, c’est prévoir ! »
Authors: Naszályi Philippe
Published: May 2017

L’auteur, surnommé le « Napoléon de la presse » créateur de « La Presse » en 1836 domine alors ses concurrents car proposée à demi-tarif, déjà le low cost , elle est financée par la publicité qu’il introduit alors et, pour fidéliser les lecteurs, des romans-feuilletons de : Balzac, Dumas, Lamartine, Théophile Gautier ou George Sand. Emile de Girardin, homme d’innovations et de conviction est aussi l’un des pères de la liberté de la presse en France ! La Revue des Sciences de Gestion s’inscrit dans cette organisation de la presse à laquelle elle appartient de plein droit puisqu’elle en respecte les règles. Voilà pourquoi, Emile de Girardin, par sa vie et son œuvre d’entrepreneur de presse, au service des idées, nous paraissait mériter qu’on en parlât en ce premier numéro de cette année électorale française qu’est 2017. « La place de l’Union européenne dans le monde », réflexion de fond que nous propose avec sa grande connaissance du continent de l’Atlantique à l’Oural, Claude Martin ouvre ce numéro composé de deux dossiers : «  Gouvernement d’entreprise  » et «  partenaires et coopérations  ». Ils s’inscrivent bien dans cette logique sans épouser jamais l’évanescence de l’actualité. Un brillant et très éminent membre de l’Académie des Sciences morales et politiques qui fut mon professeur en Sorbonne, m’a écrit que « nos dirigeants auraient intérêt à lire (notre) revue » tant il « craint une catastrophe en 2017 ! ». Puisse ce grand homme de science et de culture être entendu !
Un exemple original de stratégie entrepreneuriale
Authors: Ceccaldi Valérie
Published: May 2017

Une gouvernance de vingt-trois ans ne s’improvise pas, mais demande au contraire de savoir modeler ensemble : pensée et action, contrôle et apprentissage, stabilité et changement. C’est sur la base de ces trois axes que nous proposons d’illustrer l’élaboration et la gestion d’une stratégie sur le champ de la très petite entreprise. L’étude du cas d’une petite cave coopérative fondée en 1913, permet à travers l’attitude d’un de ses dirigeants, de comprendre comment on peut conjuguer innovation et pérennité en périodes de profondes mutations.
An Update on Pediatric Pancreatitis
Authors: Shukla-Udawatta Monica , Madani Shailender , Kamat Deepak
Published: May 2017

There has been a rise in the incidence and number of admissions of children with pancreatitis over the past 20 years. Current management practices for pancreatitis in children are adapted from standards of care for adults, and there are a lack of multicenter, prospective research studies on pancreatitis in children. There are inherent differences in the clinical presentation and natural course of pancreatitis between adults and children. This review focuses on the current understanding of the epidemiology, etiologies, evaluation, and management of children with pancreatitis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(5):e207–e211.]
Dinámica a largo plazo de las praderas de carófitos y los masegares en el humedal de Las Tablas de Daimiel (Ciudad Real, España): relación con las perturbaciones ambientales
Authors: Cirujano S. , Guerrero N. , Álvarez Cobelas M.
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo presenta los cambios en la extensión de las superficies ocupadas por las praderas sumergidas de carófitos y por las formaciones emergentes de masiega en el humedal del Parque Nacional Las Tablas de Daimiel (Ciudad Real, España). Se estudian las dinámicas de ocupación desde los años cincuenta hasta la actualidad, y se relacionan con las perturbaciones más relevantes como sequía, incendios y contaminación. Se destaca el papel de estos dos componentes del ecosistema acuático como indicadores de la calidad ambiental de esta zona húmeda continental.
Mortalidad excepcional en los cricétidos (Rodentia) del Mioceno medio de Somosaguas (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid)
Authors: Menéndez I. , Gómez Cano A. R. , Hernández Fernández M.
Published: May 2017

En este estudio se analizó el espectro de desgaste dental de los molares, superiores e inferiores, de individuos de las dos especies de roedores más abundantes registradas en el yacimiento de Somosaguas Sur: Megacricetodon collongensis (Mein, 1958) y Democricetodon larteti (Schaub, 1925). Los resultados muestran gran abundancia de molares poco desgastados en ambas especies, lo que indica la existencia de una mortalidad fuertemente sesgada hacia los individuos juveniles. Este modelo de mortalidad refleja un suceso catastrófico de larga duración y se asocia a periodos de sequía prolongados que produjeron la muerte temprana de los individuos durante generaciones. Esto es coherente con los datos obtenidos para los macromamíferos de Somosaguas donde también existe una mortalidad preferencial de los individuos juveniles asociada a eventos de gran aridez. A pesar de que todos los molares mostraron el mismo patrón de mortalidad preferencial en individuos jóvenes, ambas especies presentaron diferentes niveles de desgaste entre los distintos molares, lo cual sugiere que el proceso de masticación pudo ser distinto entre ambas especies o que el inicio del desgaste de los molares anteriores pudo iniciarse durante la lactancia. Finalmente, el desgaste diferencial observado entre los M1 de M. collongensis y D. larteti podría deberse a la distinta morfología de las cúspides y valles de sus molares, lo que provocaría que el desgaste no se produjese de la misma manera en las dos especies, o a ligeras diferencias dietarias.