bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An International Survey of Veterinary Students to Assess Their Use of Online Learning Resources
Authors: Gledhill Laura , Dale Vicki H.M. , Powney Sonya , Gaitskell-Phillips Gemma H.L. , Short Nick R.M.
Published: July 2017

Today's veterinary students have access to a wide range of online resources that support self-directed learning. To develop a benchmark of current global student practice in e-learning, this study measured self-reported access to, and use of, these resources by students internationally. An online survey was designed and promoted via veterinary student mailing lists and international organizations, resulting in 1,070 responses. Analysis of survey data indicated that students now use online resources in a wide range of ways to support their learning. Students reported that access to online veterinary learning resources was now integral to their studies. Almost all students reported using open educational resources (OERs). Ownership of smartphones was widespread, and the majority of respondents agreed that the use of mobile devices, or m-learning, was essential. Social media were highlighted as important for collaborating with peers and sharing knowledge. Constraints to e-learning principally related to poor or absent Internet access and limited institutional provision of computer facilities. There was significant geographical variation, with students from less developed countries disadvantaged by limited access to technology and networks. In conclusion, the survey provides an international benchmark on the range and diversity in terms of access to, and use of, online learning resources by veterinary students globally. It also highlights the inequalities of access among students in different parts of the world.
Creativity Assessment in Subjects with Tourette Syndrome vs. Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zanaboni Dina Carlotta , Porta Mauro , Saleh Christian , Servello Domenico
Published: July 2017

(1) Background: Literature suggests that high levels of dopamine are associated with creative thoughts. Tourette Syndrome (TS) patients have high dopamine levels, while Parkinson’s Disease (PD) subjects have low dopamine levels. Consequently, TS individuals are supposed to have a major and PD patients less creative output. Moreover, dopamine medications may alter the level of creativity, and therefore Quality of Life, in both pathologies. (2) Methods: The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis of TS patients having higher creative scores than PD patients. The assessment consisted of the administration of the Creative Thinking ASK Test. There were 54 participants—36 males and 18 females—i.e., 27 TS patients and 27 PD subjects. Age of the sample was 35 to 57 years old, high school certificate was required. (3) Results: TS sample (103.11 ASK average score) was more creative than PD sample (94.11 ASK average score). (4) Conclusions: The results supported the aforementioned hypothesis: TS sample resulted in having higher creative scores than PD sample. Dopamine and other neurotransmitters of TS and PS appear to affect subject’s creativity. Further studies with creative assessments in TS and PD patients are needed to support the preliminary results of our study.
Optimal Planning of Charging for Plug-In Electric Vehicles Focusing on Users’ Benefits
Authors: Su Su , Li Hao , Gao David
Published: July 2017

Many electric vehicles’ (EVs) charging strategies were proposed to optimize the operations of the power grid, while few focus on users’ benefits from the viewpoint of EV users. However, low participation is always a problem of those strategies since EV users also need a charging strategy to serve their needs and interests. This paper proposes a method focusing on EV users’ benefits that reduce the cost of battery capacity degradation, electricity cost, and waiting time for different situations. A cost model of battery capacity degradation under different state of charge (SOC) ranges is developed based on experimental data to estimate the cost of battery degradation. The simulation results show that the appropriate planning of the SOC range reduces 80% of the cost of battery degradation, and the queuing theory also reduces over 60% of the waiting time in the busy situations. Those works can also become a premise of charging management to increase the participation. The proposed strategy focusing on EV users’ benefits would not give negative impacts on the power grid, and the grid load is also optimized by an artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) in the solution space of the charging time restricted by EV users’ benefits.
Two Coiled-Coil Proteins, WEB1 and PMI2, Suppress the Signaling Pathway of Chloroplast Accumulation Response that Is Mediated by Two Phototropin-Interacting Proteins, RPT2 and NCH1, in Seed Plants
Authors: Suetsugu Noriyuki , Wada Masamitsu
Published: July 2017

Chloroplast movement is induced by blue light in a broad range of plant species. Weak light induces the chloroplast accumulation response and strong light induces the chloroplast avoidance response. Both responses are essential for efficient photosynthesis and are mediated by phototropin blue-light receptors. J-DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR CHLOROPLAST ACCUMULATION RESPONSE 1 (JAC1) and two coiled-coil domain proteins WEAK CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT UNDER BLUE LIGHT 1 (WEB1) and PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED 2 (PMI2) are required for phototropin-mediated chloroplast movement. Genetic analysis suggests that JAC1 is essential for the accumulation response and WEB1/PMI2 inhibit the accumulation response through the suppression of JAC1 activity under the strong light. We recently identified two phototropin-interacting proteins, ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) and NPH3/RPT2-like (NRL) PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (NCH1) as the signaling components involved in chloroplast accumulation response. However, the relationship between RPT2/NCH1, JAC1 and WEB1/PMI2 remained to be determined. Here, we performed genetic analysis between RPT2/NCH1, JAC1, and WEB1/PMI2 to elucidate the signal transduction pathway.
Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Predicting Clinically Relevant Worsening Renal Function in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Damman Kevin , Valente Mattia , Van Veldhuisen Dirk , Cleland John , O’Connor Christopher , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Givertz Michael , Bloomfield Daniel , Hillege Hans , Voors Adriaan
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) to predict clinically relevant worsening renal function (WRF) in acute heart failure (AHF). Plasma NGAL and serum creatinine changes during the first 4 days of admission were investigated in 1447 patients hospitalized for AHF and enrolled in the Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study of the Selective A1Adenosine Receptor Antagonist Rolofylline for Patients Hospitalized with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Volume Overload to Assess Treatment Effect on Congestion and Renal Function (PROTECT) study. WRF was defined as serum creatinine rise ≥ 0.3 mg/dL through day 4. Biomarker patterns were described using linear mixed models. WRF developed in 325 patients (22%). Plasma NGAL did not rise earlier than creatinine in patients with WRF. After multivariable adjustment, baseline plasma NGAL, but not creatinine, predicted WRF. AUCs for WRF prediction were modest (<0.60) for all models. NGAL did not independently predict death or rehospitalization (p = n.s.). Patients with WRF and high baseline plasma NGAL had a greater risk of death, and renal or cardiovascular rehospitalization by 60 days than patients with WRF and a low baseline plasma NGAL (p for interaction = 0.024). A rise in plasma NGAL after baseline was associated with a worse outcome in patients with WRF, but not in patients without WRF (p = 0.007). On the basis of these results, plasma NGAL does not provide additional, clinically relevant information about the occurrence of WRF in patients with AHF.
Altered Mitochondrial Metabolism and Mechanosensation in the Failing Heart: Focus on Intracellular Calcium Signaling
Authors: Cabassi Aderville , Miragoli Michele
Published: July 2017

The heart consists of millions of cells, namely cardiomyocytes, which are highly organized in terms of structure and function, at both macroscale and microscale levels. Such meticulous organization is imperative for assuring the physiological pump-function of the heart. One of the key players for the electrical and mechanical synchronization and contraction is the calcium ion via the well-known calcium-induced calcium release process. In cardiovascular diseases, the structural organization is lost, resulting in morphological, electrical, and metabolic remodeling owing the imbalance of the calcium handling and promoting heart failure and arrhythmias. Recently, attention has been focused on the role of mitochondria, which seem to jeopardize these events by misbalancing the calcium processes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings, especially the role of mitochondria (dys)function in failing cardiomyocytes with respect to the calcium machinery.
Peptide Nucleic Acids as miRNA Target Protectors for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Zarrilli Federica , Amato Felice , Morgillo Carmine Marco , Pinto Brunella , Santarpia Giuliano , Borbone Nicola , D’Errico Stefano , Catalanotti Bruno , Piccialli Gennaro , Castaldo Giuseppe , Oliviero Giorgia
Published: July 2017

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life shortening conditions in Caucasians. CF is caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene which result in reduced or altered CFTR functionality. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) downregulate the expression of CFTR, thus causing or exacerbating the symptoms of CF. In this context, the design of anti-miRNA agents represents a valid functional tool, but its translation to the clinic might lead to unpredictable side effects because of the interference with the expression of other genes regulated by the same miRNAs. Herein, for the first time, is proposed the use of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to protect specific sequences in the 3’UTR (untranslated region) of the CFTR messenger RNA (mRNA) by action of miRNAs. Two PNAs (7 and 13 bases long) carrying the tetrapeptide Gly-SerP-SerP-Gly at their C-end, fully complementary to the 3’UTR sequence recognized by miR-509-3p, have been synthesized and the structural features of target PNA/RNA heteroduplexes have been investigated by spectroscopic and molecular dynamics studies. The co-transfection of the pLuc-CFTR-3´UTR vector with different combinations of PNAs, miR-509-3p, and controls in A549 cells demonstrated the ability of the longer PNA to rescue the luciferase activity by up to 70% of the control, thus supporting the use of suitable PNAs to counteract the reduction in the CFTR expression.
Estimation of Forest Aboveground Biomass in Changbai Mountain Region Using ICESat/GLAS and Landsat/TM Data
Authors: Chi Hong , Sun Guoqing , Huang Jinliang , Li Rendong , Ren Xianyou , Ni Wenjian , Fu Anmin
Published: July 2017

Mapping the magnitude and spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass (AGB, in Mg·ha−1) is crucial to improve our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Landsat/TM (Thematic Mapper) and ICESat/GLAS (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite, Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) data were integrated to estimate the AGB in the Changbai Mountain area. Firstly, four forest types were delineated according to TM data classification. Secondly, different models for prediction of the AGB at the GLAS footprint level were developed from GLAS waveform metrics and the AGB was derived from field observations using multiple stepwise regression. Lastly, GLAS-derived AGB, in combination with vegetation indices, leaf area index (LAI), canopy closure, and digital elevation model (DEM), were used to drive a data fusion model based on the random forest approach for extrapolating the GLAS footprint AGB to a continuous AGB map. The classification result showed that the Changbai Mountain region was characterized as forest-rich in altitudinal vegetation zones. The contribution of remote sensing variables in modeling the AGB was evaluated. Vegetation index metrics account for large amount of contribution in AGB ranges <150 Mg·ha−1, while canopy closure has the largest contribution in AGB ranges ≥150 Mg·ha−1. Our study revealed that spatial information from two sensors and DEM could be combined to estimate the AGB with an R2 of 0.72 and an RMSE of 25.24 Mg·ha−1 in validation at stand level (size varied from ~0.3 ha to ~3 ha).
Atividade experimental como recurso para interação de alunos com transtornos específicos de aprendizagem em Física Moderna e Contemporânea
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Lemes , Filho Paulo Sérgio de Camargo , Gresczysczyn Marcella Cristyanne Comar
Published: July 2017

A aprendizagem é um processo complexo que depende de fatores orgânicos e comportamentais. Dessa forma, conhecer a origem dos distúrbios de aprendizagem que comprometeram a assimilação do conhecimento é importante. Neste trabalho será enfatizada a discussão sobre a dislexia, um distúrbio de aprendizagem a qual acarreta dificuldades no desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita. Os alunos disléxicos apresentam peculiaridades no processo de ensino e o professor deve promover práticas pedagógicas adequadas para que esses tenham equidade no processo de ensino. Percebendo a importância da disciplina de Física Moderna no currículo de Física no Ensino Médio, propõe-se neste trabalho uma atividade experimental, confeccionada com materiais de baixo custo, cuja abordagem será o efeito fotoelétrico. Ao trabalhar o experimento, o professor pode incentivar os alunos com dislexia a investigarem o que ocorre no decorrer de sua execução e, por meio de perguntas, levá-los a expressar as suas ideias prévias na tentativa de explicarem o seu funcionamento.
Reflexão sobre alternativas metodológicas para a inserção da Educação Ambiental crítica no ambiente escolar
Authors: Kataoka Adriana Massaê , Affonso Ana Lucia Suriani , Moser Anderson De Souza , Fiss Bruna Kisathowski , Matakas Beatriz Gurgel
Published: July 2017

Este artigo pretende avaliar a experiência de aplicação de oficinas ecopedagógicas sobre a temática “Crise Hídrica” como uma alternativa metodológica para inserção da Educação Ambiental crítica no contexto escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que adotou a observação participante como instrumento de coleta de informações. As oficinas foram divididas em duas etapas: etapa 1 – o diagnóstico socioambiental, a etapa 2 – oficinas de Educação Ambiental e da Crise hídrica. O projeto ainda está em andamento e, portanto, esse artigo evidencia os resultados parciais referentes à primeira etapa e parte da segunda. A avaliação realizada por meio da observação participante e relato dos educandos revelaram que houve apreensão do conteúdo, desenvolvimento da noção de interdependência entre diversos fatores do ambiente bem como o desenvolvimento de olhar crítico em relação ao contexto desses educandos.
Concepções iniciais dos alunos do oitavo ano do ensino fundamental sobre a fosfoetanolamina
Authors: Moreira Célia Dos Santos , Pedrancini Vanessa Daiana
Published: July 2017

Este artigo relata as concepções iniciais dos alunos de uma turma de 8º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal da região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul sobre duas perguntas: Você é contra ou a favor da liberação da pílula do câncer? Por quê; Quais os meios de comunicação que você utiliza para se informar? Para a reunião dos dados foram selecionados fragmentos das respostas dos alunos e analisados à luz da perspectiva Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente (CTSA). Por meio da investigação das concepções prévias dos alunos sobre a (QSC) fosfoetanolamina, verificou-se que os alunos obtêm informações pelos meios de comunicação de maneira fragmentada e descontextualizada. Isso vem fortalecer a importância de organizar o ensino pautado na perspectiva CTSA no intento de formar cidadãos críticos, que saibam interpretar as implicações do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico na sociedade e sejam capazes de tomar decisões para o bem comum.
Principes de didactisation des activités ludiques dans les pratiques orales
Authors: Jiménez Francisco
Published: July 2017

La nature éclectique des approches communicatives entraîne l’adoption de supports motivants venus d’horizons très divers qui sont censés entraîner facilement la parole chez les étudiants des langues étrangères. Cette contribution se propose d’examiner en particulier les résistances que les ressorts ludiques relevant notamment du mimicry (jeux de rôles, simulations, etc.) et de l’agôn peuvent opposer à l’acquisition des systèmes linguistiques en situation pédagogique d’interaction orale. Nous ne contestons pas les propriétés mobilisatrices de l’élément ludique, mais sommes convaincu que pour être réellement efficaces et minimiser les facteurs de surcharge cognitive et d’inhibition, les jeux doivent subir un processus de didactisation qui passe par l’intégration d’un nombre limité d’éléments : coût cognitif, dimension socio-affective, traitement des rétro-informations, délimitation des objectifs opérationnels, activité métalinguistique et principe d’itérativité.
Création d’un jeu de plateau pour faciliter la mémorisation du lexique spécifique de l’anglais maritime
Authors: Ferreira Alcino
Published: July 2017

Être capable de communiquer à l’oral en anglais maritime repose sur la maitrise du lexique spécialisé du domaine. Il est en effet nécessaire pour l’apprenti marin de mémoriser nombre de mots de vocabulaire spécifiques avant de pouvoir utiliser cette langue de spécialité pour interagir avec son environnement professionnel, et ce même lorsque l’anglais est sa L1, beaucoup de ces termes étant inconnus du grand public. Les parties de navire, les positions, les mots de procédure utilisés à la radio, pour ne citer que quelques exemples, constituent un vocabulaire spécifique, qui doit être assimilé au préalable, avant de pouvoir communiquer d’une façon efficace, et qui respecte la règlementation internationale, dans un contexte professionnel. La recherche a montré que l’utilisation répétée de questionnaires d’évaluation formative (les « quizs ») peut être un élément facilitateur pour la mémorisation du lexique. Cependant ce questionnement peut être rébarbatif, ce qui peut entraîner une forte démotivation des apprenants. Une solution possible à ce problème peut être la création d’un jeu de société, qui permettrait la répétition du vocabulaire cible, tout en ne diminuant pas l’attention et la motivation des apprenants. Après une rapide présentation du cadre théorique de notre réflexion, cet article décrit le jeu que nous avons créé (le matériel utilisé, la mécanique de jeu, ainsi que chaque type de question).
Flipping Global Simulations: Global Simulations in the Digital Era
Authors: McKim Kerrie
Published: July 2017

This paper will explore flipped global simulations as a game-mediated language learning tool. Global simulations, or long term role plays, are well-known to language instructors (particularly in French language courses). In recent years, the trend has moved global simulations online to immerse the players in an alternate world using Internet websites and online platforms. Basing our design on theoretical underpinnings coming from game-mediated language learning, task-based learning, and the pedagogy of a flipped classroom; we will present the concept of a flipped global simulation where the content of the simulation is prepared online before using provided websites while the action of the game takes place during the face-to-face class. This report presents a preliminary analysis of this teaching practice focusing on the perspective of the learner, using data extracted from a flipped French language learning course which included a global simulation as part of the course.
PORFIRIA EM PEQUENOS ANIMAIS
Authors: Rocha Amanda Albuquerque , Pinheiro Mariana Andrioli , Correia Costa Paula Priscila
Published: July 2017

As porfirias são um grupo de doenças, hereditárias ou adquiridas que envolvem as enzimas da síntese do grupo heme, podendo ser devido à inibição ou insuficiência das enzimas. Oito enzimas diferentes participam das etapas da síntese do grupo heme, a deficiência de uma destas enzimas gera o acúmulo dos precursores químicos, as porfirinas, que podem se acumular nos tecidos, especialmente na medula óssea e no fígado. O excesso de porfirinas pode acarretar fotossensibilidade, onde os pacientes se tornam sensíveis à luz solar, ou causar lesões nervosas. Existem diversos tipos de porfirias, cada tipo relacionado com a enzima que apresenta o defeito, levando ao acúmulo do seu precursor imediato, e conseqüentemente desenvolvendo as manifestações clínicas características. Cada tipo de porfiria produz sintomas diferentes, requerem exames específicos para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e tratamentos individualizados. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar uma revisão de literatura sobre esta tema tão importante na clínica de pequenos animais..
Sutura Locking Loop Modificado do tendão Flexor Digital Superficial em Equino – Relato de dois casos
Authors: Dias Lucas Lopes Rino , Ferreira Heloísa , Ribeiro Max Gimenez
Published: July 2017

Para a realização de tenorrafias o padrão de sutura Kessler Modificado (Locking Loop) tem se mostrado eficiente. A técnica Locking Loop Modificado consiste na alteração do local de fechamento e amarração do fio em relação à Kessler Modificado a fim de facilitar a tração dos cotos. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever o uso da sutura Locking Loop Modificado em dois casos de rupturas tendíneas, de equinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama. Nos dois casos houve ruptura total do tendão flexor digital (TFDS), sendo que no primeiro também ocorreu a ruptura parcial do tendão flexor digital profundo (TFDP) e fratura do 4º metacarpo. Em ambos optou-se pela tenorrafia, a fim de obter resultados melhores quanto à possibilidade de retorno às atividades, para isso o padrão escolhido foi o Locking Loop Modificado, pois a alteração do Kessler Modificado facilita a tração dos cotos. Como método auxiliar para diminuir a tensão sobre o ponto utilizou a imobilização externa. A ferradura com elevação de 5cm permitiu uma restrição do movimento, que associada ao confinamento dos animais proporcionou o retorno gradual e restabelecimento funcional do membro. Nos dois casos de tenorrafia do TFDS relatados houve boa aplicabilidade da sutura pela facilidade de tração dos cotos tendíneos, resistência à tensão observada clinicamente. Nesses casos esta sutura permitiu a correção das lesões sugerindo boa resistência à tensão.
Evaluation on the Addition of Inhibitor and Surface Treatment to Corrosion Behavior of the Reinforced Steel Bar Embedded in Mortar Specimen
Authors: Moon Kyung Man , Lee Sung Yul , Jeong Jae Hyun , Lee Myeong Hoon
Published: July 2017

In this study, seven types of mortar test specimens were manufactured with parameters, that is, the surface of the reinforced steel bar was treated with hot dip galvanizing (Zn) and the surface of the test specimen was coated with underwater paint, and four types of inhibitors (DAW, MCI, DCI, and Silcon) were added in mortars respectively. And, the seven types of mortar test specimens were immersed in seawater for 4 years. The corrosion properties of the reinforced steel bars embedded in mortar test specimens were investigated using electrochemical methods. The corrosion potentials of the test specimens with painting on the surface of the specimen and Zn coating on the surface of the steel bar exhibited the noblest and lowest values respectively after one year, however, after 4 years, the specimens of underwater painting and of addition of Silcon inhibitor indicated the noblest and lowest values of corrosion potentials respectively. Furthermore, the painting specimen exhibited the smallest values of corrosion probability as welll as of the corrosion current density, while, addition of MCI inhibitor showed the highest values of both corrosion probability and corrosion current density. Moreover, the painting specimen showed the smallest value of neutralization degree among all the specimens, and the largest value of neutralization degree was observed at the specimen of natural condition (no adding of inhibitor, no painting and no Zn coating). As a result, it is considered that the addition of inhibitors, coating with hot dip galvanizing (Zn), and painting on the surface have the effects not only to inhibit the neutralization degree but also to increase the corrosion resistance of the embedded steel bar.
Effect of Charcoal Ash Coconut Shell from Waste Material at Different Size on the Physical Properties of Bitumen
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Ezree , Mad Rosni Nurul Najihah , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Yaacob Haryati , Hassan Norhidayah Abdul , Agussabti
Published: July 2017

Environmental pollution caused by abundant wastes from agricultural activities has increased in recent years because of increased productivity. Agricultural waste recycling has been employed to solve this problem. Coconut shell charcoal (CSC) ash is a by-product of coconut shell (CS) used as a bitumen modifier to enhance the properties of the binder. This study investigated the effect of fineness charcoal ash from CS on the rheological properties of bitumen. Penetration, softening point, and viscosity tests were performed to determine the properties of the binder. Laboratory simulation of aging called rolling thin film oven test was applied in this study. CSC at different sizes (< 75μm, 75–150μm, and 150–300μm) was added to replace bitumen 60/70 PEN at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of the binder, respectively. Result showed that the bitumen became more viscous and that the softening point of bitumen increased, whereas the rate of penetration decreased when CSC was incorporated. CSC at a proper amount improved the resistance of bitumen to temperature susceptibility. In addition, the modification of bitumen can relieve the effect of aging. Modified bitumen shows better result when incorporated with the finest particle (< 75μm) of CSC compared with other sizes.
Validation of the Splitting Tensile Strength Formula for Concrete Containing Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Ati Modafar , Najm Omar Fawwaz
Published: July 2017

The adverse environmental impact of the construction industry may be mitigated through the partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). SCMs such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), impart many favourable fresh and long-term concrete properties. A study by Mohamed [1] assessed the splitting tensile strength of sustainable self- consolidating concrete in which up to 80% of the cement was partially replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and developed a prediction formula for the splitting tensile strength. In this paper, the tensile strength prediction formula developed by Mohamed et al. [1] is benchmarked against formulas proposed in different building codes and validated with additional test results obtained from the literature. The proposed prediction formula showed excellent correlation to experimental data obtained from the literature.
Materials Structure Temperature Fissure Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structure
Authors: Chen Tie Jun
Published: July 2017

The temperature fissure of high building concrete structure and mass concrete was attentioned increasingly. The essence of which must be understood before studying the temperature fissure of concrete material. So the heat transfer mechanism in cement based materials was discussed in different ways. The source of heat, which induces temperature fissure of cement-based material is analyzed in this paper. The heat transfer mechanism of different states of matter affected by the thermal conductivity is also involved. Based on that the cement-based material is a three-phase composite, it can be concluded that the heat transfer must be studied considering conduction, convection and radiation comprehensively, and being combined with general theory of statistics.
Research on Laser-Hybrid Cladding of Ni-Cr Alloy on Copper
Authors: Zhu Fu Dong , Zhu Bi Yun
Published: July 2017

In order to improve the wear resistance of the surface of thick copperplate, A layer of Ni-Co-Cr alloy on thick copperplate surface is performed by laser –hybrid cladding process. In laser cladding processing, it is known that it is difficult to get good metallurgical bonding between the layer and copperplate. Micro-arc deposition technology is developed to get a thin alloy layer on the surface of thick copperplate, and then using laser cladding method to make thick coating. Micro organization analysis and wear resistance comparison experiments are taken to the specimen. From the microscopic structure analysis, it can be seen that the deposition and substrate form favorable metallurgy bonding, as a narrow metallurgical bonding zone, about 20μm in width. The micro- structure photos show that the coating is more compact, and crystal grains are refined grain composed of γ-Ni, Cr7C3 and CrB. The micro-hardness of the cladding zone is between 650HV~850HV, which is much higher than the copper substrate. Roughness measurement of the specimens shows that the cladding layer is smoother. The experiment’s result shows that laser-arc hybrid cladding can perform coating of Ni-Cr alloy, metallurgy bonding with the copperplate, on its surface.
Composite Sandwich with Aluminum Foam Core and Adhesive Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Cover Layer
Authors: Hackert Alexander , Drebenstedt Claudia , Timmel Tristan , Osiecki Tomasz , Kroll Lothar
Published: July 2017

The combination of metals and fiber reinforced plastics is also known as hybrid metal composites. They offer the fusion of the good static mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced plastics and the good dynamic mechanical properties of the metal. For that reason, parts made of hybrid metal composites are predestined for the use as load relevant parts. The purpose of this study was to develop new technologies for semi finished hybrid metal composite materials. Thermoplastic Fiber-Reinforced Composites (TP-FRC) were arranged with new, isotropic, closed pore Aluminum Foam (AF) structures to an Extrinsically Combined Composite Sandwich (ECCS) by adhesive bonding. They form the basis for novel weight-optimized as well as cost-effective applications. The entire manufacturing process for the continuous semi-finished product was examined and verified according DIN EN 2563. This was done with regard to subsequent characterization by the specific bending modulus and specific bending stiffness. The examinations show a high bending stiffness and high strength structures combined with excellent damping properties at high damage tolerances. These are the most requested in automotive applications.
Cutting Deformation Mechanisms of Square Aluminium/CFRP Tubes
Authors: Hussein Rafea Dakhil , Ruan Dong , Lu Guo Xing , Kumar Akshay
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to find the best platen with blades as a new energy dissipating mechanism that causes considerably damage to CFRP/aluminium tubes. Specially designed and manufactured platens with five different cutting blade profiles were used to simultaneously cut and crush square CFRP tubes and aluminium sheet-wrapped CFRP tubes. The platens with blades were evaluated in terms of the deformation mode, mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption of tubes. Experimental results showed that tubes cut and crushed by the platen with 45o inclined blades had the best crushing performance and exhibited a more stable deformation mode compared with those for tubes cut and crushed by other platens with different blade profiles. The platens with blades acted as trigger mechanisms that minimise the initial peak crushing force and maximise the energy absorption of tubes compared with tubes crushed by flat loading platens.
Combined Injection Molding Technology for Dynamically Stressed Multi-Material Coupling Elements
Authors: Timmel Tristan , Hackert Alexander , Osiecki Tomasz , Gerstenberger Colin , Kroll Lothar
Published: July 2017

The manufacturing of high load components in automotive and mechanical engineering demands for an increased usage of combined plastics processing procedures. In practice, full plastic hybrid components are produced in a series of individual processes such as thermoforming or injection molding. The constructive implementation has often only material-substituting character wherein the high potential for lightweight anisotropic fiber composites is exploited only to a limited extent. Based on the application of a coupling brace in a vehicle, a new component design for function-integrated interface elements is enabled by an integrated injection molding technology. The targeted transfer of high local stresses by load-bearing insert elements regarding contoured metal sheets or Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites (TP-FRC) semi-finished products with endless fiber reinforcement enables efficient dimensioning of components. This fusion of technologies to a Multi Material Design (MMD) form the basis for novel weight-optimized, as well as cost-effective applications and lead to a high bending stiffness and high strength of structures. The composite strength of MMD components is increased by a variation and optimization of the thermoplastic/TP-FRC respectively thermoplastic/metal-interfaces. This objective will be achieved by highly efficient and integrated process flows and by the new entire construction of the component.
Burr Height as Quality Indicator in Single Shot Drilling of Stacked CFRP/Aluminium Composite
Authors: Hassan M Hafiz , Abdullah Jamaluddin , Mahmud Abdus Samad , Supran Azwan
Published: July 2017

In drilling metallic parts, burr height is one of the quality indicators that is used for hole quality assessment, and burr height need to be minimized for best hole quality. This is important because the induced exit burr height usually causes serious problem for further assembly of the stack up during the riveting and fasteners installation. This paper aims to establish an appropriate choice of drill geometry and drilling parameters to achieve a minimum or eliminate the burr height formation when drilling stacked Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)/aluminium 7075 T-6 composite in a single shot drilling process. The two levels of fractional factorials method was used to determine the optimum setting that give minimum burr height and the percentage of significance for each parameter in drilling a stack up materials was further analysed. The results revealed that burr height formation for stack up materials can be minimized at 15° of helix angle, 8° of primary clearance angle, 130°of point angle, 30° of chisel edge angle at spindle speed 2600 RPM and 0.05 mm/rev. A minimum burr height of 133.62 µm was found at these optimized combinations of parameters.
Manganese Oxide/Single-Walls Carbon Nanotubes Electrodeposited Films for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiao Fang
Published: July 2017

The manganese oxide/single-walls carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) composite films were co-deposited by the potentiodynamic method via octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) mediation the growth rate of electrolysis MnO2. Octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) was used to obtain SWNTs suspensions through noncovalent functionalizition. At the fixed OP-10 concentration of 0.075 mol L-1, specific capacitance (SC) of the composites raised with SWNTs concentration increased and reached a maximum at SWNT concentration of 0.75 g L-1 due to porous microstructure and good electronic conductivity of SWNTs. Moreover, appropriated OP-10 concentration benefited to not only stable SWNTs suspension but also modified MnO2 electrodeposited process for the uniform distribution of nanotubes in the composites. The microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of MnO2/SWNTs composite films were affected by the SWNTs content. The supercapacitor performances of MnO2 as the ratio of SWNTs optimized were significantly improved for the electronic and ionic transport in this film should be more balance. According to electrochemical impedance spectrum, the optimal MnO2/SWNTs composite presented low charge-transfer resistance and good frequency response. The MnO2/SWNTs composite showed the maximum SC of 421 F g-1, which was four times higher than the pure MnO2, at the current of 1 A g-1. This MnO2/SWNTs composite is a promising active material for high energy density and high power density supercapacitors.
Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Mechanical Property of Polyimide Film
Authors: Zhang Ming Yu , Liu Li Zhu , Hui K.S. , Hui K.N.
Published: July 2017

Polyimide films treated with an alkali and ion exchange undergo surface-confined hydrolysis to produce polyimide composites. On the other hand, it is unclear what impact this method has on the mechanical properties of PI films. This paper reports the effects of the mechanical properties of PI films exposed to an alkali (KOH) solution with different treatment time. The mechanical properties of the re-cycloimidization PI films were improved when the proper initial KOH treatment time was used. The reason might be that PI could effectively reduce the formation of the shear zone to cracks due to the increase in ductility after the proper KOH treatment and more ductile PI chains led to re-orientation at the drawing process. Therefore, the strength and elongation of the re-cycloimidization PI films were better than those of the pristine PI films. This study focused on the effects of the KOH treatment on the mechanical properties of the PI film for the first time and proposed a mechanism to explain the reason that the appropriate time of KOH treatment can enhance the mechanical properties. The results presented here can provide guidelines for preparing composite PI films via ion-exchange by the proper KOH treatment time in future studies.
Internal Features of Glass Filled Ruby Samples Probed by EPMA
Authors: Monarumit Natthapong , Boonmee Chakkrich , Ingavanija Sermrak , Lhuaamporn Thanapong , Wathanakul Pornsawat , Satitkune Somruedee
Published: July 2017

Glass filled ruby is one of the treated rubies that consist of the additive substance to improve the clarity of ruby. There are many variations of glass filled rubies based on their chemical additives to fulfill the fractures during heat treatment process. However, the quality and the price of ruby are related to the different types of glass materials. Thus, the aim of this study is important to classify the type of glass materials inside the ruby samples by a non-destructive property such as their internal features. In this research, the glass filled ruby samples were collected including lead-glass filled rubies and high alumina-glass filled rubies. The surface and internal features in macro scale of the samples were observed by gem microscope. Moreover, their internal features were magnified to detect the chemical content of fractures and groundmass using electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). As the results, there are high PbO and SiO2 in the fractures of lead-glass filled rubies. Besides, there are high Al2O3 mixing with SiO2 in the fractures of high alumina-glass filled rubies. It could be summarized that the varieties of glass filled ruby samples have been classified by the glass materials in their fractures.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Zinc Layered Hydroxide-3-4-Dichlorohenoxy Acetic Acid (ZLH34D) Nanocomposite
Authors: Salleh Norhafiza Mohd , Sarijo Siti Halimah , Kalam Anizah
Published: July 2017

A herbicide, 3,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (34D) was successfully intercalated into the zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) by direct reaction with zinc oxide (ZnO) to form a new organic-inorganic zinc layered hydroxide-3,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetate (Z34D) under an aqueous environment. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.5 using 2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The pure phase and well-ordered was synthesized at 0.3 M Z34D. PXRD patterns show well-ordered nanohybrid material with basal spacing at 26.1 Å. The percentage loading of 34D in the Z34D is 57.5 % (w/w) calculated based on the percentage of carbon in the sample. FESEM shows the ZnO precursor has very fine granular structure and transformed into agglomerate structure when the nanohybrid are formed. This work shows that the nanohybrid of Z34D can be synthesized using simple, direct-reaction method.
Preparation of High-Quality Graphene by Sodium Borohydride Reducing Stage-1 FeCl3-GIC via In Situ Hydrogen Exfoliation
Authors: Qiao Xu , Lin Zhi , Si Yuan Yuan , Lin Xiao Dan , Cui Shao Wei , Hu Xing Song
Published: July 2017

High-quality graphene is prepared via In Situ hydrogen exfoliation of the reaction of stage-1 FeCl3-GIC with sodium borohydride solution, followed by washings and sonication. The hydrogen evolved from the borohydride exfoliates the GIC and reduces defect structure in the graphene simultaneously, make it more conjugated. Raman spectrum results show the intensity ratio of the D and G peak is about 0.09, even smaller than that of the original graphite, which is 0.17. The only C1s peak locating at 284.9 eV in another way supports the only one structure in the graphene. SEM image of exfoliated graphene Fig. 2(f) shows that the graphene obtained has curly morphology, which is significantly different from graphite flakes. TEM of the graphene shows a single layer graphene and its overlap with other graphene. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measure shows that the average thickness of graphene sheets is about 0.530 nm. Proving that the high quality graphene prepared is chiefly single layer. After compression molded into graphene mat, its conductivity reaches 2.85×105S/m, which is about one third of the theoretical value of graphene. This method is promising for mass production of high-quality graphene.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Rice Paste for Bone Hemostatic Biomaterial
Authors: Punyanitya Sittiporn , Koonawoot Rungsarit , Punyanitya Warangkul
Published: July 2017

Bone hemostatic biomaterials were prepared with different compositions of rice starch (RS) powder and glycerin-base soap. The glycerin soap was composed of liquid glycerol:KOH:stearic acid by aqueous solution method. RS powders (10, 20, 40, and 60 wt %) was added to the purified glycerin soap. The physical properties and degradation of the obtained samples were evaluated. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degree of swelling (DS), moisture content and degradation. An addition of RS powder increased absorbability property, the smoothness, whiteness and could be smear easily on the surface. The results of optimized condition have shown the samples of 20 wt% RS powder had the highest DS of 0.91 ± 0.25 for 90 minutes, the moisture content of 0.43 ± 0.21 % and the degradability of 69.95± 1.50 % for 48 hours. Our results concluded that the samples were sufficient physical properties for use as substitute, and more degradable than bone wax.
Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Copper Particles Using Different Precursors
Authors: Sun Pan Pan , Wang Shu Zhong , Li Yan Hui , Zhang Tuo
Published: July 2017

Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis is a green synthesis method for metal and metal oxide ultra-fine particles. Ultra-fine copper particles are of great interests for the researchers because of the excellent performance in recent years. In this paper, supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of copper ultra-fine particles with three different precursors (CuSO4, Cu(NO3)2, Cu(HCOO)2) are reported. This thesis reports that different products are produced with different precursors. Also, three kinds of reaction mechanisms with different precursors in supercritical water were explained. The conversion of copper ions in the reaction of Cu(HCOO)2 in supercritical water is the highest, the value reaches 100.0%. In the process of synthesizing ultra-fine copper particles, different additional HCOOH concentrations (0, 0.1 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L) and different reaction times (5 mins, 10 mins) were applied. Zero-valent ultra-fine copper particles without impurity were synthesized. The synthesized copper ultra-fine particles were cubic aggregations with micro-meter size
Research on Foam’s Carrying Capacity of Two Types of nZVI
Authors: Shi Lan Xiang , Chen Jia Jun , Wei Meng , Liu Yun Song
Published: July 2017

Special physical and chemical properties of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI), such as small particle size and high reactivity, make it a good choice as a remediation agent. nZVI is widely used in the remediation of various contaminants, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutant. However, the immobilization of nanoparticles in porous medium limits the application in soil environmental remediation. Foam instead of water is used as the carrier of nanoparticles in in-site soil remediation process, which is a new idea, to improve sweep efficiency of nanoparticles. In this paper, the foam’s carrying ability of two types of nanoscale zero valent iron is studied. One of nZVI is purchased from a reagent Company, the other one is obtained by chemical precipitation method. In addition, the influence factors, the type and concentration of surfactant, foam quality and the initial concentration of nZVI are also discussed. The results demonstrate that foam has a 73% carrying capacity of nZVI-M, while much less capacity (33%) of nZVI-P under certain conditions. Surfactant can be used as dispersant to improve the stability of nZVI suspension. Besides, nZVI has no significant effect on the stability of foam, which provide the premise for foam as carrier. Influencing degree of these factors followed the order of the surfactant type > surfactant concentration > initial concentration of nZVI > foam quality under the experimental conditions.
The Reinforcement of Graphene Produced by Kitchen Blender in Cement Mortar
Authors: Loryuenyong Vorrada , Pluemmalung Kanistha , Rattanapanya Pattarawadee , Waeokhum Arayakamol , Buasri Achanai
Published: July 2017

In this study, the effects of graphene content (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% of cement) on the mechanical and physical properties of cement composites in the form of mortars were investigated. Graphene was simply and successfully synthesized using a kitchen blender and household detergent. All cement mixtures had a water : cement : sand ratio of 0.4:1:1.5 by weight and 1.25 wt.% polycarboxylate water reducer. The specimens were cured in water for 14 days before testing. The results indicated that the addition of graphene greatly shortened the setting time of cement paste. It was also found that the compressive strength of cement mortars was maximized with 0.1 wt.% graphene reinforcement. This reinforcing effect was attributed to two mechanisms: (1) the uniform dispersion of reinforcing graphene and (2) the acceleration of hydration process and the enhanced degree of hydration, which led to pore refinement and densification of the cement mortars.
Public Views of Health Insurance in Japan during the ERA of Attaining Universal Health Coverage: A Secondary Analysis of an Opinion Poll on Health Insurance in 1967
Authors: Nozaki Ikuma , Wada Koji , Utsunomiya Osamu
Published: July 2017

While Japan's success in achieving universal health insurance over a short period with controlled healthcare costs has been studied from various perspectives, that of beneficiaries have been overlooked. We conducted a secondary analysis of an opinion poll on health insurance in 1967, immediately after reaching universal coverage. We found that people continued to face a slight barrier to healthcare access (26.8% felt medical expenses were a heavy burden) and had high expectations for health insurance (60.5% were satisfied with insured medical services and 82.4% were willing to pay a premium). In our study, younger age, having children before school age, lower living standards, and the health insurance scheme were factors that were associated with a willingness to pay premiums. Involving high-income groups in public insurance is considered to be the key to ensuring universal coverage of social insurance.