bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM WITH REGARD TO FREIGHT TRANSPORT
Authors:   National Transport University, Medvediev Kostiantyn , Yevseichyk Yurii ,   National Transport University, Yanchuk Leonid ,   National Transport University, Parovenko Oksana ,   National Transport University, Fal Andriy ,   Limited Liability Company International Design Institute
Published: December 2024

Summary. The problems of transport systems in cities are complex and multifaceted, the main ones being congestion, environmental problems, traffic safety, comfort of using public transport, integration of new technologies, as well as issues of financing and investment in transport infrastructure. The reasons for these problems include the growing number of private cars, inefficient planning of transport infrastructure, a large number of cars on the streets, low fuel efficiency, non-compliance with traffic rules, uneven distribution of transport resources, rapid development of technology, limited budgets and high costs of infrastructure construction and maintenance.
Freight transport also has a significant impact on traffic flows in urban areas. Due to their large size and lower manoeuvrability, trucks often cause slower traffic speeds and increase the risk of congestion. The lack of specialised infrastructure for trucks and poorly planned logistics routes exacerbate the situation.
To address these issues, comprehensive measures are needed, including the development of public transport, the introduction of intelligent transport systems (ITS), improved traffic management, the transition to environmentally friendly vehicles, the development of cycling infrastructure, support for environmentally friendly public transport, the introduction of automated speed control systems, improved pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, optimised routes and timetables, the development of integrated transport networks, and the introduction of smart city technologies.
Regulation and legislative measures also play an important role in reducing the load on urban roads. This may include the introduction of tolls to enter the city centre, taxes on owners of second cars or large vehicles, and the promotion of environmentally friendly vehicles through tax breaks or subsidies.
Thus, solving the problems of transport systems in cities requires a comprehensive approach that includes technical, organisational, economic and environmental measures. The introduction of innovative technologies, development of environmentally friendly modes of transport, optimisation of logistics and improvement of traffic management are key steps towards creating efficient and sustainable transport systems in urban areas.
Keywords: traffic flows, road network, transport system, specialized transport infrastructure, freight transportation.
THE METHOD OF DILEMMA ZONES AS ONE OF THE TOOLS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON CERTAIN SECTIONS OF ROADS
Authors:   National Transport University, Melnichenko Oleksand , Osipov Valentin ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Published: December 2024

Summary. The paper proposes a method of using the theory of dilemma zones when predicting accidents on highway sections with specific road conditions as a regulator of the "driver-road" subsystem.
The classification of existing methods of research on the collision of motor vehicles has been carried out. The main sections of highways that are potential locations of dilemma zones are identified (it is proposed to add new criteria to the concept), the sections are combined into one definition - TN - a point of danger, where the driver will be forced to make a management decision. On the basis of theoretical investigations, the situations at the TN with PPZSh and the stopping places of public transport vehicles were simulated, it was proposed to make changes to the regulatory documentation regulating the sphere of road traffic safety in Ukraine.
Keywords: traffic safety, passing collision, vehicle, dilemma.
UTILIZING GRANITE CRUSHED STONE SCREENINGS AS FINE AGGREGATE FOR COMMERCIAL CONCRETE
Authors:   National University of Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Kuzlo Mykola , Skrypnyk Mykola ,   National University of Water Management and Environmental Engineering
Published: December 2024

Summary. The work deals with the current problem of the industrial complex and the construction industry of Ukraine, namely ensuring the rational use of materials and energy resources. Up to 50% of the material resources consumed by the construction industry are produced by industrial non-metallic materials (crushed stone and sand). The technology of processing natural stone into final products is accompanied by the output of 25-30% of stone screening waste from stone crushing. A large number of screenings are sent to landfills. Quite powerful tailings dumps are accumulated in the quarries of the Rivne region. An obstacle to the widespread use of grinding sieves is primarily the large number of particles smaller than 0.16 mm, which in igneous rocks can reach 25%, including clay particles, which are determined by the desilting method - up to 12%, which entails an increase in water consumption from 9 to 18% and overspending of cement up to 20%, as well as irregular grain shape and rough surface.
Along with this, the construction industry feels an acute need for conditioned aggregates. In particular, in the Rivne region, sand for concrete and mortar is mostly fine, which causes a significant overspending of cement in the production of concrete.
The article proposes an effective way to solve this problem, namely ensuring the waste-free use of stone screenings in the production of heavy concrete. Technologies for enriching screenings and producing artificial sand on their basis are also being introduced. It has been studied that the increased content of particles smaller than 0.16 mm can create a positive effect in some cases.
Key words: granite screening, natural sand, superplasticizer.
DETERMINATION OF ADHESION OF BITUMEN TO FLYING ASH
Authors:   Research Center for the Development and Maintenance of Infrastructure Facilities of SE "NIRI", Sokolov Alexei
Published: December 2024

Summary. In Ukraine, about 30% of all electricity is produced by burning solid fuels - coal, shale, and peat. In our country, there are about 15 operating thermal power plants, which generate about 5-6 million tons of ash and slag waste as a secondary product per year. Thus, the waste of the fuel and energy complex, which is formed in the furnaces of thermal power plants, is a huge accumulation of ash in the form of dust-like residues and lumpy sludge, as well as various ash-slag mixtures. These products of high-temperature processing (1200-1700 ºС) of the mineral part of the fuel are widely used in many countries of the world, and taking into account the global trend of increasing the share of the secondary market for the use of waste, it is necessary to predict an increase in the rate of their processing in Ukraine as well.
Problems. In Ukraine, as a filler, the material obtained by crushing carbonate rocks is used as a filler, which is established in DSTU B B.2.7-121. At the same time, as a result of burning coal, millions of tons of dust-like waste - fly ash - are generated at power-generating enterprises of Ukraine. In terms of indicators, this material approaches the requirements for filler according to DSTU B V.2.7-121 and can be used for the production of asphalt concrete mixtures.
The purpose of the work is to compare the adhesive activity of different fillers by the method of determining water resistance.
Materials and methods. During the research, fly ash of various origins and mineral powder of limestone from the Skalo-Podilskyi special quarry were used.
The results. It has been established that the adhesive activity of bitumen with fly ash practically does not change the adhesive properties of bitumen with limestone filler.
Conclusions. Due to the use of fly ash, it is possible to reduce the price of asphalt concrete mixtures, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of asphalt concrete, as well as reduce the amount of waste from electricity generating enterprises
Keywords. mineral powder, ash removal, ecology, adhesion, bitumen, asphalt binder.
PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kozak Liudmyla , Fedoruk Olesia ,   National Transport University, Yarova Ruslana
Published: December 2024

Summary. The article examines the achievements and priorities in the field of sustainable development of the European Union member states by 2030 and its main goals. Progress in achieving the sustainable development goals is analyzed in the context of the impact on the economies of the EU member states. The directions of transformation of the EU economy as a world leader for a sustainable future within the framework of the European Green Deal are identified. The global system of economic indicators used to monitor the implementation of the sustainable development goals of the European Union member states is studied.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its seventeen goals, adopted by the United Nations, are the global roadmap for achieving sustainable development in the context of globalized economic processes. The European Union is fully committed to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Sustainable Development Goals are an integral part of the European Commission's work program.
Sustainable economic development is characterized by the efficient use of natural resources, rational investment, technological development, and institutional changes or reforms that increase both current and future economic potential to meet the needs of society. Achieving sustainability is the dominant economic, environmental, and social objective of sustainable economic development. Economic development without sustainability is not effective in the long run.
Keywords: sustainable development goals, global partnership, economies of the European Union member states, economic policy, resources, global indicator system, innovation, infrastructure, socio-economic stability, sustainable consumption and production.
HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM DESIGN AND GEODESY. PART 2. EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF THE DEPARTMENT'S ACTIVITIES. CURRENT CONDITION AND PROSPECTS FOR DEPARTMENT DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Gameliak Igor , Pavlyuk Dmytro ,   National Transport University, Khomiak Anna ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The basis of any branch of the national economy is educational and scientific factors, the development of which determines the level, efficiency of functioning, compliance with modern trends and challenges.
The National Transport University has created a joint Department of Transport Infrastructure Objects System Design and Geodesy, which combines the experience of educational and scientific activities of units that determine important areas of development of the road industry.
The ways of creating and developing the departments of road design, geodesy and airports, the corresponding scientific schools and achievements that are the basis for the successful further development of the new department are analyzed.
Keywords: transport infrastructure, road industry, history of the department, road design, geodesy, airports, research, scientific school.
Fundamentals of the methodology for recognizing defects in cement concrete pavements
Authors:   National Transport University, Gameliak Igor , Kharchenko Anna ,   National Transport University, Dmytrychenko Andrew ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2024

The publication highlights the results of the first stage of the project "Creation of a technology and system for operational analysis and management of the condition of cement-concrete coatings of critical infrastructure facilities using spectral photo-information images", which is focused on solving the problem of operational analysis and management of the condition of cement-concrete coatings of critical infrastructure facilities, taking into account the "Plan for the Restoration of Ukraine" of the National Council for the Restoration of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War, by developing an appropriate methodology, tools and applying modern approaches to assessing the condition of facilities using spectral photo-information images.
PREDICTION OF PAVEMENT WEAR BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND TRAFFIC LOAD
Authors:   National Transport University, Sokolova Natalia , Koncha Pavlo ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2024

Summary. The article discusses the problem of road pavement wear in Ukraine, which is relevant given the high level of road wear in many regions of the country. The article analyzes the impact of various factors on the condition of roads, including climatic conditions and traffic load. The study found that climatic factors such as average annual air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation intensity have a significant impact on road surface wear. In addition, different types of vehicles, their intensity, and traffic flow parameters also have a significant impact on road conditions.
The econometric analysis showed that the dependence of the share of roads in critical condition on the number of vehicles, such as buses, trucks, and cars, is weak, as evidenced by the low coefficient of determination (R² = 0.10) and the unreliability of the model. At the same time, climatic factors turned out to be significant, and the model of dependence of the share of roads in critical condition on climatic conditions has better indicators (R² = 0.36), which indicates the reliability of the model. However, even the third-degree polynomial model, which takes into account the nonlinear nature of the impact of annual precipitation on road conditions, does not provide sufficiently accurate forecasts due to its limited ability to explain variations in the dependent variable.
The results of the study indicate the need to develop more comprehensive models that include a wider range of factors. This approach will improve the accuracy of forecasts of pavement condition and contribute to more efficient planning of repair work. In the future, additional variables should be taken into account, such as the types of materials used to make the roads, the specifics of their operation, and other factors that may affect pavement wear.
The study is important for developing strategies for maintaining road infrastructure, as it allows not only to identify the main causes of road wear, but also to develop approaches to reduce the negative effects of these factors. The use of the results obtained can contribute to a more rational use of resources required for road repairs and improve their quality and durability in conditions of intense climatic load and transport operation.
Keywords: road infrastructure, pavement wear, climatic factors, traffic load, share of roads in critical condition, econometric model, air temperature, precipitation.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RESTRICTION ZONES ON LANDS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PURPOSE
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Nesterenko Serhii , Baistruk Oleksandra ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Demochko Ivan ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2024

Summary. The article analyzes modern approaches to establishing restriction zones on lands of historical and cultural significance. The study examines the legal framework of Ukraine in comparison with international experience, particularly within EU countries. Special attention is given to the use of digital technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), drones, and 3D modeling, for the identification, monitoring, and management of protective zones.
The research provides insights and minor recommendations, including improving the legislative framework, implementing advanced technologies, creating mechanisms for compensating economic restrictions, and engaging communities in planning processes. The findings aim to enhance the efficiency of managing historical and cultural territories and their integration into contemporary urban and regional development strategies
Keywords. Historical and cultural lands, restriction zones, cultural heritage, GIS, digital technologies, legislation.
GEOINFORMATION MONITORING OF THE STATE OF HIGHWAYS AND RAILWAYS DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Tsvik Alexander , Lyashenko Dmytro ,   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University
Published: December 2024

Summary. The regulatory documents of Ukraine contain an analysis of the term "road transport lands" and consider the order of road condition monitoring using classical methods and satellite images. It is noted that traditional methods have their limitations due to the need for manual measurement and expert analysis of data, which makes it difficult to fully understand the dynamics of damage, in particular during military operations. The research uses the following research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the problem under study; methods of statistical analysis of literature data. The study is based on methods of comparative analysis and classification. To solve these problems, a systematic approach was used: selection of materials, inductive and logical methods of analysis, observation and methods of statistical analysis of literature data. The paper highlights the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for rapid monitoring of transport lands with high resolution. Special attention is paid to significant damage to infrastructure in Ukraine during Russia's military aggression, in particular on the section of the Kherson-Snigirevka highway, and ways to restore the road section are highlighted. The sequence and scheme of work X survey and monitoring of damage on transport lands is proposed, taking into account the specifics of highways and railways.
These specifics are as follows: special attention when planning a mission (taking into account the Touch Network); the feasibility of using Mavic-type UAVs to assess damage to highways and tracks; the feasibility of conducting repeated surveys on the site. Experimental work carried out on a section of the highway in the village of Snigirevka, Kherson region, in 2022 showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: drone, UAV, technical condition, military operations, railway track, GIS, potholes, GPS survey, susp, orthophotoplane, transport lands.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MARKET INDICATORS OF INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS (based on the materials of NESTLE GROUP, HERSHEY CO, KRAFT HEINZ CO)
Authors:   National Transport University, Bondar Nataliia , Zaplitna Tetiana ,   National Transport University, Levishenko Olena ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article presents a comparative analysis of indicators reflecting the market positions of three international corporations: NESTLE GROUP, HERSHEY CO, KRAFT HEINZ CO. Object of study: internal corporate factors that affect the market value of shares of international corporations. The objectives of the article were to study the internal corporate factors that affect the market valuation of shares and to identify current trends in the formation of the competitive policy of international food corporations. Research methods: monographic, analytical, coefficient, statistical, graphical.
It is found that the market valuation of shares is influenced by the operating, investment and financial policies of the corporation. Thus, operating activities generate revenues and profits, which are the source of dividends. Through investment activities, the corporation focuses its financial resources on the production of certain products, provides access to cheaper raw material markets or expands its sales markets. Financial activities involve providing the corporation with the necessary long-term resources. The ability of the corporation to service the attracted capital indicates its financial strength and implementation of development plans.
Based on a generalisation of the main actions of the researched international corporations aimed at increasing the market attractiveness of shares, it has been found that they resorted to the following actions: 1) sale of businesses that do not provide corporations with sufficient efficiency; 2) active implementation of the world's best operating practices in their own corporations; 3) active entry into commodity markets, which allows reducing their own costs and obtaining higher profits. At the same time, there is experience of unfair treatment of investors through attempts to artificially reduce costs and ‘embellish’ earnings per share. Such actions have had a negative impact on the market valuation of shares, despite the corporation's stable financial performance.
Keywords: international business, international corporation, globalisation, internationalisation of business, financial indicators, market value of shares, financial stability, profitability, international market
STUDI LITERATUR PERBANDINGAN METODE IDENTIFIKASI NATRIUM SIKLAMAT PADA MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN
Authors: Nasution Siti Khodijah , Suharti Profiyanti Hermien
Published: December 2024

Natrium siklamat adalah pemanis buatan yang umum digunakan di masyarakat. Kelebihannya adalah tingkat kemanisan yang lebih tinggi sekitar 30 kali dibandingkan gula tebu atau sukrosa dan lebih ekonomis dari pada pemanis alami. Namun, pemakaian siklamat dalam jumlah berlebihan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Jumlah maksimum pemakaian siklamat diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 772/Menkes/Per/IX/88, yaitu tidak lebih dari 3 g/L untuk makanan dan minuman. Studi literatur ini meninjau berbagai metode identifikasi natrium siklamat yang digunakan dalam makanan dan minuman. Metode yang dibahas mencakup teknik gravimetri, kromatografi, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, dan lainnya. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk menilai keunggulan, keterbatasan, serta aplikasi praktis masing-masing metode dalam mendeteksi natrium siklamat guna memastikan keamanan pangan dan kepatuhan terhadap regulasi yang berlaku. Pemilihan metode terbaik harus mempertimbangkan konteks spesifik analisis, ketersediaan sumber daya, serta tujuan kajian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan menganalisis berbagai metode identifikasi natrium siklamat pada makanan dan minuman yang telah dilakukan oleh para peneliti.
PERANCANGAN TANGKI FERMENTOR PADA PROSES PRODUKSI KOMBUCHA DENGAN KAPASITAS 2.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Massimiliano Kevin , Dewi Ernia Novika
Published: December 2024

Kombucha dikenal sebagai minuman fermentasi yang terbuat dari teh dan gula dengan kandungan vitamin organik dan asam amino yang tinggi sehingga sangat baik untuk kesehatan. Produksi kombucha membutuhkan alat utama berupa tangki fermentor. Tangki fermentor merupakan alat dimana tempat terjadinya proses utama dalam pembuatan kombucha yaitu proses fermentasi dari daun teh. Pada prarancangan pabrik kombucha dengan kapasitas 2.000 ton/tahun, tangki fermentor yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 10 tangki agar proses dapat berjalan secara semi kontinyu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang tangki fermentor dengan kapasitas 2.000 ton/tahun pada prarancangan pabrik kimia produksi minuman kombucha dari teh hijau. Pada perancangan tangki fermentor ini menggunakan metode perhitungan desain bejana. Hasil dari perhitungan didapat tangki yang akan dirancang berbentuk silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah berbentuk standard dished head. Spesifikasi tangki fermentor meliputi tutup atas dan bawah standard dishedhead dengan tinggi tutup atas 0,49 m, tutup bawah 0,49 m, tinggi tangki 5,3 m, diameter luar tangki 2,84 m, serta penambahan 3 buah nozzle, 4 buah leg, 1 buah bucket strainer, thermocouple dan pH sensor. Dengan jenis material yang digunakan yaitu SA-240, grade M, type 316 (high alloy steel). Tangki fermentor dapat dirancang menyesuaikan kebutuhan dari proses produksi kombucha, karena setiap fermentor memiliki spesifikasi penambahan bagian dan kapasitas tangki yang berbeda.
EVALUASI KINERJA ALAT HIGH PRESSURE HEATER PT PLN NUSANTARA POWER UP TANJUNG AWAR – AWAR
Authors: Sinaga Paska Maryanti , Naryono Eko , Effendi Rizqi Rajiv
Published: December 2024

PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Tanjung Awar – Awar merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik tenaga uap di Indonesia dengan bahan bakar utama batubara. Prinsip kerja dari pembangkit listrik ini adalah memanaskan air dan mengubah air menjadi uap kering dalam boiler menggunakan panas dari pembakaran batubara. Sebelum air memasuki boiler, air dipanaskan pada alat penukar panas yaitu high pressure heater (HPH). Pada PLTU ini, terdapat tiga alat high pressure heater (HPH) yaitu HPH 1, HPH 2, dan HPH 3. Pemanasan air umpan sebelum menuju boiler bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja boiler dan mengurangi penggunaan batubara pada produksinya. Dengan tujuan tersebut, maka menjadi penting untuk menjaga efektifitas kinerja dari alat HPH. Penurunan efisiensi efektivitas kinerja alat HPH dapat menyebabkan suhu air umpan yang masuk boiler lebih rendah, sehingga dibutuhkan pemanasan yang lebih besar dalam boiler. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kinerja alat HPH dengan menggunakan metode The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Performance Test Codes (ASME PTC) 12.1.  Pada Evaluasi ini dilakukan perhitungan nilai TTD (Terminal Temperature Difference), DCA (Drain Cooler Approach), dan TR (Temperature Rise) yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan data desain dari setiap alat HPH. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kinerja alat high pressure heater di PLTU Tanjung Awar – Awar masih berfungsi dengan baik karena nilai TTD, DCA, dan TR berada pada batas desain. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, nilai TTD untuk HPH 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing adalah 5.35°C; 4.37°C; dan 3.5°C, sedangkan nilai DCA masing-masing adalah 6.3°C; 8°C; dan 4.2°C. Adapun nilai TR untuk HPH 1, 2, dan 3 berturut-turut adalah 35.4°C; 35°C; dan 23.3°C.
PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI DAN SELEKSI PROSES PRARANCANGAN PABRIK PEMBUATAN PULP DARI PELEPAH PISANG KAPASITAS 69.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Athaariq Valan , Hardjono
Published: December 2024

Pulp adalah serat selulosa dari kayu atau non-kayu yang diproses dengan cara melarutkan lignin sebanyak mungkin. Pelepah pisang merupakan alternatif bahan pembuatan pulp non-kayu. Bahan baku pembuatan pulp memiliki syarat berserat, kadar alpha selulosa lebih dari 40%, kadar lignin kurang dari 25%, dan kadar air maksimal 10%. Tujuan dari studi literatur ini adalah mengidentifikasi kapasitas produksi pulp dari pelepah pisang dan seleksi proses yang dapat digunakan dalam prarancangan pabrik pembuatan pulp dari pelepah pisang. Dalam menentukan kapasitas produksi pulp dari pelepah pisang digunakanlah metode pertumbuhan rata-rata per tahun. Metode penilaian berdasarkan kelebihan dan kekurangan proses digunakan untuk seleksi proses. Pulp diproduksi menggunakan proses acetosolv. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pabrik pulp yang akan didirikan pada tahun 2026 memiliki kapasitas 69.000 ton/tahun dan menggunakan proses acetosolv dengan sistem kontinyu yang menghasilkan yield sebesar 80% – 85%.
SUBSTITUSI TANAH LIAT MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN SLUDGE IPAL DAN BOTTOM ASH TERHADAP PREDIKSI KUALITAS CLINKER DENGAN METODE RAW MIX DESIGN
Authors: Damayanty Elsa , Zamrudy Windi , Laksono Ilham Dirga
Published: December 2024

Sludge Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) merupakan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) yang semakin menumpuk di Indonesia. Meskipun dikategorikan sebagai limbah B3, sludge IPAL memiliki kemiripan dengan tanah liat sebesar 45,17%.  Hal tersebut tentu menjadi solusi untuk dapat memanfaatkan sludge IPAL kawasan industri Dumai sebagai pengganti tanah liat pada industri semen khususnya pada PT Semen Gresik Pabrik Rembang melalui unit Alternatif Fuel, Raw Material (AFR) & Waste Management. Dengan adanya unit ini, sludge IPAL akan digunakan sebagai alternatif raw material. Namun, dikarenakan kandungan air yang cukup besar sludge IPAL memerlukan treatment khusus seperti dicampur dengan alternatif raw material yang sudah ada yaitu bottom ash. Hal ini yang mendasari penelitian terkait substitusi tanah liat menggunakan campuran sludge IPAL dan bottom ash terhadap bahan baku utama pembuatan semen yaitu clinker. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar sludge IPAL dan bottom ash dapat menyubstitusi tanah liat ditinjau dari segi prediksi kualitas clinker dengan menggunakan metode raw mix design. Substitusi tanah liat dengan menggunakan campuran sludge IPAL dan bottom ash dilakukan dengan persentase yaitu 10; 20; 30; 40; dan 50%.  Penggunaan campuran sludge IPAL dan bottom ash mulai dari 10 – 50% terjadi penurunan prediksi kualitas clinker yang ditinjau dari C3S; C2S; C3A; dan C4AF, tetapi substitusi hingga 50% tersebut masih memenuhi prediksi kualitas clinker dengan kandungan C3S; C2S; C3A; dan C4AF sebesar 65,471; 9,826; 8,985; dan 10,642%.
EFEKTIVITAS INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DI SEAMEO BIOTROP
Authors: Ulya Nisauz Zakiyatul , Dewajani Heny , Ambarwati Santi
Published: December 2024

SEAMEO BIOTROP (Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology) adalah salah satu Regional Centre di Indonesia yang bernaung di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Mandat yang dimiliki SEAMEO BIOTROP antara lain yaitu  penelitian, peningkatan kapasitas, dan diseminasi informasi di bidang Biologi Tropika.  SEAMEO BIOTROP memiliki Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) untuk mengelola limbah yang dihasilkan laboratorium sebelum dialirkan ke badan air terdekat. Kualitas air limbah pada IPAL SEAMEO BIOTROP secara berkala dipantau untuk memastikan bahwa kualitas air limbah telah memenuhi baku mutu air limbah sebelum dialirkan ke badan air permukaan (sungai). Bahan kimia seperti dikromat, asam sulfat, mangan sulfat, dan alkali-iodida-azida yang digunakan dalam pengujian COD dan BOD sangat berbahaya karena sifatnya yang toksik, korosif, dan reaktif. Pelarut-pelarut organik dan anorganik sisa pekerjaan laboratorium, serta air bekas cucian peralatan laboratorium harus dikelola dengan baik karena jika dibuang langsung ke lingkungan, akan menyebabkan pencemaran serius dan berdampak buruk pada makhluk hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas sistem pengolahan air limbah di SEAMEO BIOTROP melalui pengujian beberapa parameter utama meliputi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil evaluasi parameter dengan baku mutu air limbah yang berlaku. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan nilai %efektivitas IPAL untuk parameter COD 71,55%, BOD 74,53%, dan TSS 73,44%. Tingginya %efektivitas penurunan kadar dari beberapa parameter menandakan jika IPAL SEAMEO BIOTROP dapat bekerja dengan baik.
Analisis PT. Unilever Indonesia dalam pemanfaatan media massa dan media sosial dalam (kegiatan media relation)
Authors: - Annisa Mauliddya
Published: December 2024

Media relations mempunyai nilai lebih karena mampu memposisikan suatu Perusahaan atau organisasi ke kalangan publik dalam mencakup jangkauan yang amat luas. media massa adalah sumber data serta informasi yang sangat valid serta kredibel sesuai fakta- fakta yang ada tentang profil suatu Perusahaan atau organisasi. Pemanfaatan media massa dan media sosial dari Unilever Indonesia dalam kegian media relations ini sudah sangat efektif selaras atas visi juga misi atas Perusahaan itu yaitu sama- sama ingin melindungi bumi dari kerusakaan atau peduli terhadap lingkungan dengan melakukan Gerakan- Gerakan peduli lingkungan dari mulai event, kempanye dan lain- lain. Ketika Perusahaan ingin membagikan suatu informasi yang lebih menarik lagi dan jangkuannya cukup luas maka suatu Perusahaan atau organisasi harus bekerja sama juga dengan media massa atau memiliki hubungan yang baik antara Perusahaan atau organisasi dan media massa, karena jika Perusahaan atau organisasi mengalami suatu pemberitaan negatif maka media massa bisa meminimalisir berita tersebut atau jika ada peluncuran produk baru jika ada hubungan baik antar keduannya maka media massa akan datang tanpa membayar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan studi literatur yang relevan untuk menunjang penelitian terkait penelitian yang sedang dikaji. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PT Unilever Indonesia memanfaatkan media massa yang berfokus pada Kompas.com dan CNBC Indonesia serta website resmi Unilever dan media sosial dari Unilever sendiri dalam kegiatan media relation yang dimanfaatkan dengan baik untuk meningkatkan citra positif Perusahaan tersebut. 
Kata Kunci: Media Relations, Pemanfaatan Media Massa dan Media Sosial, Unilever Indonesia
The characteristic of poverty-alleviation behavioral strategies of the rural poor population and their relationship with socio-demographic factors
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Jin-wei , Huo Yong-quan
Published: December 2024

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the fundamental patterns and characteristics of poverty-alleviation behavior strategies among rural poor population. It aims to examine the association between the key socio-demographic characteristics of these populations and their poverty-alleviation strategies, thereby identifying the individual and sociocultural factors related to these behaviors.

Methods

This study employs a questionnaire designed to assess poverty-alleviation behavior strategies among rural poor population. Field surveys were conducted in over 80 natural villages across eight provinces and regions in central, northwestern, and southwestern China, involving 1,457 rural poor population. The data collected were analyzed using a questionnaire assessment method to explore the relationship between poverty-alleviation behavior strategies and socio-demographic factors.

Results

Factor analysis indicates that the poverty-alleviation behavior strategies of rural poor population primarily manifest as fatalism, pragmatism, skepticism, and helplessness. Reliability and validity analyses demonstrate that the Poverty-alleviation Behavior Strategies Questionnaire exhibits high internal consistency reliability, composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that socio-demographic characteristics such as health status, educational level, family size, main occupation, and income sources have predictive power regarding the formation of pragmatic and fatalistic poverty-alleviation strategies.

Conclusion

Among the four types of poverty-alleviation behavior strategies identified among rural poor population, fatalistic and pragmatic strategies are critically significant for poverty-alleviation efforts and should receive heightened attention from poverty-alleviation workers. While socio-demographic characteristics have limited explanatory power for poverty-alleviation strategies, the sociocultural foundations of pragmatic and fatalistic strategies are relatively more pronounced. Improving the socio-demographic characteristics of rural poor population can, to some extent, facilitate the adoption of pragmatic poverty-alleviation strategies and mitigate the reliance on fatalistic strategies. This conclusion has practical implications for conducting poverty-alleviation work in rural areas.
Struggling with memory: anguish and hope in selected pandemic poems by migrant workers in Singapore
Authors: Moratilla Noel Christian A.
Published: December 2024

The pandemic has tested the fortitude and resilience of a huge swath of humanity. Even measures undertaken to address the pandemic, primarily the massive vaccination campaigns, revealed a glaring disparity between and within societies. The collective grief, anxiety, and desire for survival have led to creative ways to contend with the crisis. Poetry has served as one of those strategies. This paper revolves around selected pieces of poetry particularly those with themes related to being an Asian migrant worker during the pandemic. The primary themes drawn from the poems are as follows: dealing with the changes brought about by the pandemic; concern over family; job precarity and stigmatization; and hope and resilience.
A Non-Pyrotechnic Heavy-Load Hold Down Release Mechanism for Space Gimbals
Authors: Jiang Jun , Wei Chaoran , Zhou Yuanzi , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jiyang , Zhao Guoyong , Zhang Qiuxia
Published: December 2024

Continuously rotating gimbals for scanning purposes are widely used in space applications. For high-precision gimbals, it is essential to lock the gimbal before launch and unlock it on orbit. This kind of gimbal puts forward the need for hold down release mechanisms that are able to clear the gap between the rotating and fixed parts at release. Existing technologies either lack the function of gap avoidance after separation or rely more or less on the elastic deformation of the structure or limited spring forces for unlocking, which are either unreliable or complicated. To address this problem, this paper presents the design of a novel non-pyrotechnic heavy-load hold down release mechanism (HDRM) based on shape memory alloy actuator. The proposed HDRM is shock-free and capable of clearing an axial gap of 8 mm for safe rotating at release. The structure and operational principle of the proposed design are straightforward. Detailed tests show the proposed HDRM may withstand a maximum external force of 50 KN with relatively high stiffness under 15 KN of preload, indicating a better performance than existing products. The HDRM demonstrates its promising usage as an alternative to traditional pyrotechnic and non-pyrotechnic HDRMs.
Design of CubeSat-Based Multi-Regional Positioning Navigation and Timing System in Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Tzanoulinos Georgios , Ait-Mohammed Nori , Lappas Vaios
Published: December 2024

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides critical positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services worldwide, enabling a wide range of applications from everyday use to advanced scientific and military operations. The importance of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) PNT systems lies in their ability to enhance the GNSS by implementing signals in additional frequency bands, offering increased signal strength, reduced latency, and improved accuracy and coverage, particularly in challenging environments such as urban canyons or polar regions, thereby addressing the limitations of the traditional Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) GNSS. This paper details the system engineering of a novel CubeSat-based multi-regional PNT system tailored for deployment in LEO. The proposed system leverages on a miniaturized CubeSat-compatible PNT payload that includes a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) and relies on MEO GNSS technologies to deliver positioning and timing information across multiple regions. The findings indicate that the proposed CubeSat-based PNT system offers a viable solution for enhancing global navigation and timing services, with potential commercial and scientific applications. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on LEO-based PNT systems and lays the groundwork for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization on Fruit Parameters of Four Cucurbita maxima Cultivars Grown in Poland
Authors: Kaźmińska Karolina , Korzeniewska Aleksandra , Słomnicka Renata , Gniazdowska Agnieszka , Bartoszewski Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a cucurbit species cultivated worldwide due to its economic and nutritional value. C. maxima winter squash fruits are rich in carotenoids and dietary fiber, making them valuable raw materials for food products, especially for infants and children as ingredients in pomaces, mousses, and juices. Therefore, both the yield and quality of fruits are economically important traits. These traits depend mainly on factors such as cultivar and plant growing conditions, including nitrogen fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrate content in the fruit as well as the yield and fruit parameters of four winter squash cultivars, Bambino, Justynka F1, Otylia F1, and Mammoth Gold, under different nitrogen fertilization regimes of 100%, 50%, and 30% of the standard nitrogen dose. Two field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022. This study revealed that the nitrogen dose had a significant effect on the nitrate content in the fruit flesh. A lower nitrogen dose resulted in a lower nitrate content in the fruit. In addition, a decrease in fruit yield occurred when the plants were fertilized with 30% of the standard nitrogen dose, whereas when the plants were fertilized with 50% of the standard nitrogen dose, the fruit yield remained relatively unaffected. The cultivars used in the experiment differed significantly in terms of the traits studied. The lowest nitrate content in fruit flesh was found for Justynka F1; however, the most favorable fruit parameters were obtained for Otylia F1, for which, in both years of the experiment, high yield and fruit weight, dry matter content, and the thickest flesh among the tested cultivars were achieved. This study contributes to the understanding of fruit quality and cultivation techniques for winter squash under the climatic conditions of Poland.
Transfer Learning Estimation and Transferability of LNC and LMA Across Different Datasets
Authors: Wang Yingbo , He Mengzhu , Sun Lin , He Yong , Zheng Zengwei
Published: December 2024

Leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) are both essential parameters in plant ecology, which can reflect the growth status of plants. The features of LMA and LNC can be captured using spectral reflectance in a remote sensing approach. While the relationships between spectra and leaf trait variance across different species with estimation performance are unclear, the development of assessment and transferable models to predicate LMA and LNC are prevented. Hence, we analyzed the variance of raw spectra and spectral data difference with four pretreated approaches (SG—Savitzky–Golay filter, SNV—Standard Normalized Variate, MSC—Multiplicative Scatter Correction analysis, and normalize), LMA, and LNC over six remote sensing datasets by a transfer component analysis (TCA) approach. Spectra combined with the Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) were also presented to extract wavelengths with higher important coefficients to minimize the redundancy of datasets. The variance of normalized spectra between different datasets showed a minor degree of variance, and LNC spectra variance was decreased by the SPA. The results also showed that a smaller LMA and LNC variance is presented over different datasets when the trait values with higher distribution probabilities are close to each other. The LNC and LMA estimation performance in transfer models established by partial least squares regression (PLS), support vector regression (SVR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and random forest regression (RFR) algorithms across different datasets were employed, in which the RFR transfer models performed good prediction results. The relationships between spectra and leaf trait variance and estimation performance in RFR transfer models over different datasets were evaluated. LMA distance has a significant influence on estimation performance in the transfer model, and the variance of spectra with all pretreated approaches showed a very significant effect on LNC accession performance. Furthermore, we proposed a weight coefficient of spectral data updating combined with the TCA and RFR approach (WDT-RFR) transfer model to improve transferability between datasets and promote estimation performance in the transfer model. Compared to the RFR transfer model using spectra without updating, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the WDT-RFR transfer model with 5% samples transferred to estimate LMA and LNC increased by 7.9% and 4.8% on average, respectively. The estimation results showed that our transfer model showed a superior estimation performance.
Psychological Poverty Traps in Rural Farm Households: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Rural Revitalization in China
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhang Hongfeng , Meng Ziran , Liu Jianxu
Published: December 2024

In the context of sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization in China, understanding and addressing psychological poverty traps among rural farm households is crucial. The poverty mindset represents a crucial factor affecting rural poverty. This study focuses on two key questions: first, whether and how material poverty influences the poverty mindset; and second, whether this psychological state affects economic behavior, potentially intensifying material poverty. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2014–2018, the data collection employed a multi-stage stratified sampling approach. Multiple methods, including questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, were utilized to gather information. Through matching and merging processes based on personal questionnaire IDs, a total of 30,143 observations were obtained over a three-year period. We employ Causal Mediation Analysis (CMA) to examine the micro-level mechanisms between material and psychological poverty among rural farm households. Our findings reveal three key insights. First, material poverty significantly reduces aspiration levels and behavioral capabilities of rural farm households, with impoverished groups scoring approximately 10% lower than non-poor groups. Second, this negative impact operates through two primary channels: stigma effects (self-stigmatization 11.29%, social stigma 4.71%) and psychological resource depletion (negative emotions 1.5%, psychological stress 1.27%). Third, psychological poverty reinforces material poverty through aspiration failure (72.3%) and capability deficiency (75.68%), creating a self-perpetuating “psychological poverty trap” that particularly affects agricultural production efficiency. These findings suggest that sustainable agricultural development requires addressing both material and psychological dimensions of rural poverty. Policy recommendations include strengthening psychological support for farm households, enhancing agricultural capacity building, mitigating stigma effects in rural communities, and reconstructing psychological resources for sustainable development. This integrated approach can help break psychological poverty traps, improve agricultural productivity, and support rural revitalization in China.
Enhanced Sweet Sorghum Growth and Soil Quality in Coastal Saline–Alkali Soils Through Organic Acid-Containing Bio-Based Materials and Microbial Synergy
Authors: Xue Wei , Yang Shengjie , Liu Xiaoyu , Qian Man , Wang Huiyan , Yang He , Liu Xinbao , Shen Yixin , Li Jianlong , Sun Zhengguo
Published: December 2024

Coastal mudflats are characterized by high salinity and alkalinity, along with low mineral nutrient availability, making it challenging to achieve high biomass or effective yields when directly cultivating food or fodder crops. Exogenous complex saline soil amendments can enhance forage production, but their effects on soil salinity reduction and nutrient activation remain unclear. This study used pot experiments and laboratory analyses to investigate these effects. A 0.3% saline–alkali soil was treated with a combination of organic acids (fulvic acid and citric acid), bio-based materials (cow dung and pine needles), and beneficial microbial mixtures (Priestia megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus pumilus + Paecilomyces lilacinus). The organic acid bio-modifier significantly alleviated salinity stress in sweet sorghum, reducing soil salinity, increasing soil nutrient levels, enhancing root vigor and photosynthesis, and improving plant morphology, resulting in higher biomass yields. Among the factors tested, bio-based materials had the most pronounced effect. Citric acid, pine needles, Priestia megaterium, and Trichoderma harzianum enhanced sweet sorghum growth during the seedling stage, whereas fulvic acid, pine needles, Bacillus pumilus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were more beneficial during the elongation stage.