bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zeolites as sustainable alternatives to traditional tanning chemistries
Authors: Wise William R. , Davis Stefan J. , Hendriksen Wouter E. , von Behr Dirick J. A. , Prabakar Sujay , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2023

A new material gaining industrial significance for sustainable leather is based on a composite of collagen and zeolite. The zeolite forms a 3D network structure covering collagen fibres, improving protein stability and creating material strength.
Iron-catalyzed intramolecular C–H amination for the synthesis of N–H carbazoles and indoles
Authors: Wang Zheng-Lin , Zhang Yun-Hao , Huang Jun-Yu , Zhou Jian , Yu Ya-Qin , Feng Dexin , Xu Da-Zhen
Published: May 2023

An iron-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling for the synthesis of N–H carbazoles and indoles with excellent functional group tolerance using air as the terminal oxidant is reported.
Green mechanochemical synthesis of water-soluble N-sulfonated chitosan
Authors: Van Poucke Casper , Vandeputte Aurèle , Mangelinckx Sven , Stevens Christian V.
Published: May 2023

Water-soluble N-sulfonated chitosan at neutral pH.
A facile strategy to fabricate a lignin-based thermoset alternative to formaldehyde-based wood adhesives
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Gao Shishuai , Jin Can , Zhang Daihui , Lai Chenhuan , Wang Chunpeng , Chu Fuxiang , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Li Mi
Published: May 2023

The utilization of sustainable lignin to synthesize wood adhesives has attracted increasing attention in recent years.
Classification of uneven steel samples by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy based on a Bessel beam
Authors: Yan Wenhao , Lv Jiaxin , Zhu Chenwei , Li Qingzhou , Chen Ji , Kang Lizhu , Lu Bing , Li Xiangyou
Published: May 2023

The combination of a Bessel beam and LIBS is an effective method for rapidly detecting uneven samples in industry, which has higher accuracy and stability under fewer spectra.
Anomalous DNA hybridisation kinetics on gold nanorods revealed via a dual single-molecule imaging and optoplasmonic sensing platform
Authors: Eerqing Narima , Wu Hsin-Yu , Subramanian Sivaraman , Vincent Serge , Vollmer Frank
Published: May 2023

Observing the hybridisation kinetics of DNA probes immobilised on plasmonic nanoparticles is key in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence detection of weak emitting species, and refractive index based single-molecule detection on optoplasmonic sensors.
A quaternized anthraquinone derivative for pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Qianwei , Guo Dengfeng , Xu Juan , Cao Jianyu
Published: May 2023

A water-soluble redox-active molecule, 2,2′-((9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium)dichloride (BDEAQCl2), was achieved that can serve as an anolyte material for pH-neutral aqueous organic RFBs.
A fluorescence visual detection for glyphosine based on a biomass carbon quantum dot paper-based sensor
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Lv Yiju , Kong Xiangfei , Ding Zhiyuan , Cheng Xia , Liu Zheng , Han Guo-Cheng
Published: May 2023

A fluorescence visual sensing method for glyphosine based on nitrogen-doped biomass carbon quantum dot (N-CQD) paper-based sensor was designed and fabricated.
Analytical eco-scale determination of vortioxetine using advanced electrochemical platform for screen-printed disposable multiwalled carbon nanotube electrode in the presence of an anionic surfactant
Authors: Boltia Shereen A. , Kandeel Nihal H. , Hegazy Maha A. , Hendawy Hassan A.
Published: May 2023

A disposable screen-printed electrode, modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes, was created as a sensor for the measurement of vortioxetine hydrobromide as an inexpensive quick and convenient method.
Tuning multichannel conductance via through-space conjugated naphthalene
Authors: Li Tianwei , Gan Luqing , Li Lin , Zhen Shijie
Published: May 2023

The single-molecular conductance results and theoretical calculations reveal that through-bond and through-space conjugation are integrated into one single molecule, allowing for multichannel transport in Naph-based molecular wires.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of dibenzo-fused azepines with chiral cationic ruthenium diamine catalysts
Authors: Yi Zi-Qi , Deng Bo-Wen , Chen Fei , He Yan-Mei , Fan Qing-Hua
Published: May 2023

Highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of dibenzo-fused azepines derivatives with chiral cationic Ru diamine catalysts has been developed, giving diverse chiral seven-membered N-heterocycles with excellent results (up to 99% yield and 99% ee).
The effects of the planarity of the core building block and peripheral donor groups on the photovoltaic performance of triarylated amine-based hole transport materials
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Yang Chuansu , Meng Jinwei , Chen Cheng , Zhuang Hao , Wang Haoxin , Zhang Ming , Xu Hui , Cheng Ming
Published: May 2023

A carbazole based hole transport material CZ-DF is reported, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 21.5%.
Chiral self-organized single 2D-layers of tetramers from a functional donor–acceptor molecule by the surface template effect
Authors: Kny Anna J. , Reimer Max , Al-Shamery Noah , Tomar Ritu , Bredow Thomas , Olthof Selina , Hertel Dirk , Meerholz Klaus , Sokolowski Moritz
Published: May 2023

Merocyanine molecules assemble in a highly ordered layer on the template given by the Ag(100) surface. They arrange in chiral aggregates of four molecules. This tetramer formation differs from dimer formation typical for bulk structures.
Accelerating the dehydrogenation reaction of alcohols by introducing them into poly(allylamine)
Authors: Oka Kouki , Kaiwa Yusuke , Kobayashi Kazuki , Tobita Yuka , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: May 2023

This paper demonstrated accelerating the dehydrogenation reaction of alcohols by introducing them into poly(allylamine). Contrary to popular belief, the reaction rate was higher by one order of magnitude compared to that in single molecules.
Structural reconstruction of BiPbO2Br nanosheets for electrochemical CO2reduction to formate
Authors: Sun Gaoming , Zou Chong , Sun Wen , Fang Ying , He Shuijian , Liu Yana , Zhang Jiguang , Zhu Yunfeng , Wang Jun
Published: May 2023

A Bi–Pb composite catalyst with heterogeneous interfaces obtained by electroreduction of BiPbO2Br nanosheets exhibits impressive performance for CO2reduction to formate.
Synthesis of trifluoromethylated thioethersviaNi-catalyzed reductive C–S coupling
Authors: Liu Wei , He Yan , Liu Zhi-Yuan , Li Yanlin , Li Yan , Wu Bing-Bing , Jin Ruo-Xin , Wang Xi-Sheng
Published: May 2023

A synthesis of trifluoromethylated thioethersviaNi-catalyzed reductive C–S coupling has been established, exhibiting broad substrate scope and high efficiency.
Droplet fluidics for time-dependent analysis of barrier permeability in an epithelial barrier on chip system
Authors: Fernandes Joao , Karra Nikita , Swindle Emily J. , Morgan Hywel
Published: May 2023

A droplet microfluidics platform for time-dependent analysis of epithelial cell barrier permeability used in conjunction with an organ-on-chip system.
Remarkable synergy between sawdust biochar and attapulgite/diatomite after co-ball milling to adsorb methylene blue
Authors: Jiang Fei , Li Feiyue , Zimmerman Andrew R. , Yu Zhongpu , Ji Licheng , Wei Chengcheng , Zhang Xueyang , Gao Bin
Published: May 2023

The mechanical force of ball milling can prepare new nanocomposite biochar materials. Mineral nanocomposite biochar material exhibits positive synergy. The nanocomposite biochar material has excellent adsorption capacity.
Growth-control of hexagonal CdS-decorated ZnO nanorod arrays with low-temperature preheating treatment for improved properties and efficient photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Tan Huey Jing , Zainal Zulkarnain , Talib Zainal Abidin , Lim Hong Ngee , Shafie Suhaidi , Tan Sin Tee , Bahrudin Noor Nazihah
Published: May 2023

The introduction of preheat treatment and film thickness, solution pH, and annealing temperature optimizations show significant PEC enhancement for the ZnO NRs/CdS photoanode.
High-throughput determination of enantiopurity in atroposelective synthesis of aryl triazoles
Authors: Lim Jongdoo , Guo Melody , Choi Sooyun , Miller Scott J. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: May 2023

A facile, cost and time saving circular dichroism (CD) based assay is developed for high-throughputeedetermination in atroposelective synthesis of aryl triazoles.
Shining light on halogen-bonding complexes: a catalyst-free activation mode of carbon–halogen bonds for the generation of carbon-centered radicals
Authors: Piedra Helena F. , Valdés Carlos , Plaza Manuel
Published: May 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview on examples of how photochemical excitation of halogen-bonding complexes can be useful for the generation of carbon-centered radicals and their participation in synthetic organic transformations.
Tunable thiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers for the disposal of toxic hexavalent chromium
Authors: Kotp Mohammed G. , Torad Nagy L. , Nara Hiroki , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , You Jungmok , Yamauchi Yusuke , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: May 2023

We present a rational design of thiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) demonstrating their tunable adsorption reduction of toxic Cr(vi) ions with comparable performances.
Copolymerization synthesis of highly hydrophilic carbon nitride for efficient solar hydrogen production
Authors: Jian Yaping , Huang Yuanyong , Mao Baodong , Li Di , Luo Bifu , Chen Min , Xu Dongbo , Shi Weidong
Published: May 2023

A highly hydrophilic surface-ammoniated PCN obtained by copolymerization shows efficient visible-light-driven H2production, surpassing most reported hydrophilic PCN-based photocatalysts.
Spatiotemporal photo-release of hydrogen sulphide from β-carboline-derived nanoparticles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Sikder Antara , Mengji Rakesh , Mondal Saugat , Jana Avijit , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: May 2023

Controlled release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important gasotransmitter that plays a significant role in the regulation of various physiological activities.
Boosting PEDOT energy storage with a redox anthraquinone dopant for a flexible hydrogel supercapacitor at sub-zero temperatures
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Yueqin , Qian Changhao , Han Lin , Lu Zichun , Liu Lingke
Published: May 2023

A high energy density flexible supercapacitor is fabricated using AQS–PEDOT/PAA hydrogel electrodes, which achieves efficient solar-thermal conversion for the prevention of capacitance decay under subzero conditions.
CsPbX3 nanocrystals embedded in hollow AlO(OH) nanosheet assemblies towards highly bright flexible multicolor emitting films
Authors: He Jinchan , Zhang Xiao , Xie Cong , Chen Hsueh Shih , Yang Ping
Published: May 2023

Because of their inherent ionic properties, inorganic cesium halide lead perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are normally unstable in light and heat environments as well as polar solvents, which seriously limit their practical application.
Optimization of solution-processed amorphous cadmium gallium oxide for high-performance thin-film transistors
Authors: Le Minh Nhut , Lee Paul , Kang Seung-Han , Ahn Kyunghan , Park Sung Kyu , Heo Jaesang , Kim Myung-Gil
Published: May 2023

Cd-based materials, despite high electron mobility and wide bandgap, are understudied for thin-film transistors. Our study explores solution-processed cadmium gallium oxide as a high-performance thin-film transistors.
Energy storage mechanism, advancement, challenges, and perspectives on vivid manganese redox couples
Authors: Naresh R. , Pol Vilas G. , Ragupathy P.
Published: May 2023

Manganese redox couples are a promising candidate for redox flow batteries due to their low cost, ecofriendliness, high standard reduction potential, and variable oxidation states.
ActiveGuard: An active intellectual property protection technique for deep neural networks by leveraging adversarial examples as users' fingerprints
Authors: Xue Mingfu , Sun Shichang , He Can , Gu Dujuan , Zhang Yushu , Wang Jian , Liu Weiqiang
Published: May 2023

The intellectual properties (IP) protection of deep neural networks (DNN) models has raised many concerns in recent years. To date, most of the existing works use DNN watermarking to protect the IP of DNN models. However, the DNN watermarking methods can only passively verify the copyright of the model after the DNN model has been pirated, which cannot prevent piracy in the first place. In this paper, an active DNN IP protection technique against DNN piracy, called ActiveGuard, is proposed. ActiveGuard can provide active authorisation control, users' identities management, and ownership verification for DNN models. Specifically, for the first time, ActiveGuard exploits well‐crafted rare and specific adversarial examples with specific classes and confidences as users' fingerprints to distinguish authorised users from unauthorised ones. Authorised users can input their fingerprints to the DNN model for identity authentication and then obtain normal usage, while unauthorised users will obtain a very poor model performance. In addition, ActiveGuard enables the model owner to embed a watermark into the weights of the DNN model for ownership verification. Compared to the few existing active DNN IP protection works, ActiveGuard can support both users' identities identification and active authorisation control. Besides, ActiveGuard introduces lower overhead than these existing active protection works. Experimental results show that, for authorised users, the test accuracy of LeNet‐5 and Wide Residual Network (WRN) models are 99.15% and 91.46%, respectively, while for unauthorised users, the test accuracy of LeNet‐5 and WRN models are only 8.92% and 10%, respectively. Besides, each authorised user can pass the fingerprint authentication with a high success rate (up to 100%). For ownership verification, the embedded watermark can be successfully extracted, while the normal performance of DNN models will not be affected. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that ActiveGuard is robust against model fine‐tuning attack, pruning attack, and three types of fingerprint forgery attacks.
Resource optimization for energy‐efficient NOMA‐based multi‐UAV‐enabled relaying networks
Authors: Hu Hang , An Qi , Huang Yangchao , Gu Ranran , Zhao Senhao , Liu Shihao
Published: May 2023

Owing to the advantages of low cost, flexibility, and the transmission characteristics of air–ground (AG) channels, using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as mobile relay to assist wireless communication has received significant interest recently. A green non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐based multi‐UAV‐enabled relaying system with different rate requirements is proposed here. To improve energy efficiency (EE) of the UAV relays, an optimization problem for user grouping, UAV trajectory design and resource allocation under the constraints of information causality constraint, UAVs' maximum service capacity, maximum transmit power constraint, and different communication rate requirements of the mobile users (MUs) is formulated. According to the grouping results, the UAVs' trajectory and power allocation by Dinkelbach method, successive convex approximation, and condensation algorithm are alternately optimized. To solve this highly coupled non‐linear mixed integer programming problem, a graph‐based grouping algorithm is proposed to reduce the relative distance between the UAV relay and the MU. Simulation results show that the proposed optimization algorithm can effectively improve the EE performance of this NOMA‐based multi‐UAV‐enabled relaying system.
Direct torque control and space vector modulation‐based direct torque control of brushless doubly‐fed reluctance machines
Authors: Shi Long , Jin Shi
Published: May 2023

This paper establishes the torque equation of brushless doubly‐fed reluctance machines (BDFRMs) expressed by power winding or control winding (CW) flux vectors and the defined flux vectors generated by magnetic field modulation. On this basis, the direct torque control theory of BDFRM is established. The derivative expression of torque and CW flux are derived for accurately analysing the effect of CW voltage vectors and machine operation points on torque and CW flux. In addition, the space vector modulation‐based direct torque control strategy of BDFRM is proposed, which can keep the switching frequency constant. The two methods are compared and analysed through experimental results.
Mental accounting theory‐based bounded‐rationality trading strategy of prosumers in transactive energy market
Authors: Jing Xinyi , Song Meng , Gao Ciwei , Yao Yunting , Cai Yunfeng
Published: May 2023

In the transactive energy market (TEM), prosumers are assumed to be rational. However, prosumers’ trading behaviours are affected by many factors (e.g. social relations, personal preferences, and habits). Their trading demands vary in benefits, comfort levels, and environmental consciousness, which show bounded rationality. Accordingly, this paper introduces the mental accounting theory to develop a trading decision‐making method by characterizing prosumers’ actual trading behaviours. It quantified prosumers’ motivations and psychological changes by the risk attitude and subjective value models in the process of multi‐account management. The updating rules of trading decisions and multi‐round bidding market mechanism are also designed to improve the social welfare and market efficiency. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can make prosumers trade in TEM under their actual intentions and bounded‐rationality. And the market mechanism can help to increase social welfare and market efficiency.
Multi‐scale feature fusion pyramid attention network for single image dehazing
Authors: Liu Jianlei , Liu Peng , Zhang Yuanke
Published: May 2023

Texture and color distortion are common in existing learning‐based dehazing algorithms, and it is argued that one of the major reasons is that the shallow features of fog images are underutilized, and the deep features of fog images are insufficient for single image dehazing. In order to provide more texture and color information for image restoration, more shallow features need to be added in the process of image decoding. Therefore, a multi‐scale feature fusion pyramid attention network (PAN) for single image dehazing is proposed. In PAN, combined with the attention mechanism, a shallow and deep feature fusion (SDF) strategy is designed. SDF considers multi‐scale as well as channel‐level fusion to provide feature information under different receptive fields while also highlighting important channels, such as texture and color information. DC is designed as a latent space mapping module to learn a mapping relationship between the latent space representation of the hazy image at low resolution and the corresponding latent space representation of the haze‐free image. Additionally, network deconvolution (ND) and deformed convolution network (DCN) are introduced into PAN. The ND module can remove pixel‐wise and channel‐wise correlation of features, reduce data redundancy to obtain sparse representation of features, and speed up network convergence. The DCN module can use its adaptive receptive field to focus on the area of interest for calculation and play a role in texture feature enhancement. Finally, the perceptual loss is chosen as the regularization item of the loss function, which makes style features of the restored image closer to the real fog‐free image. Extensive experiments reveal that the proposed PAN outperforms other existing dehazing methods on real‐world and synthetic datasets.
Exploring the effects of measures of performance and calibration strategies on calibrating traffic microsimulation model: A quantitative analysis approach
Authors: Li Haoran , Yuan Zhenzhou , Chen Siyuan , Zhu Chuang
Published: May 2023

In the subject of traffic microsimulation model (TMM) calibration, measure of performance (MoP) plays an essential role. However, due to the diversity of MoP types, choosing a MoP or MoP combination (usually used for multi‐criteria calibration strategy) that can represent the characteristics of field traffic operation has become the key to the calibration problem. This paper proposed a quantitative analysis approach (suitable, in general, for any TMM) with three aspects. Through this approach, more detailed and representative MoPs can be studied. At the same time, the effect of different calibration strategies with various MoP combinations on TMM calibration can also be compared comprehensively. The methodology is tested on a specific case study (a signalized link with a cyclic interrupted flow) by VISSIM, where various MoPs and calibration strategies (single‐criteria, the a priori‐based multi‐criteria, and the a posteriori‐based multi‐criteria calibration strategy) are implemented for comprehensive inspection and comparison. The results show that the TMM performance is clearly dependent on the MoPs and calibration strategies. Moreover, the a posteriori‐based multi‐criteria calibration strategy is more stable than the other two strategies for better performance TMM. The findings of this study provide new insights into the effects of MoPs and calibration strategies on TMM calibration.
Increasing bandwidth of orthogonally polarised omnidirectional antenna composed of halo and sleeve antennas
Authors: Mizutani Tomokazu , Michishita Naobumi , Sato Hiroshi , Koyanagi Yoshio , Morishita Hisashi
Published: May 2023

In this study, we developed and investigated a small‐diameter, low‐profile, wideband orthogonal‐polarisation multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna. A polarisation MIMO antenna is a combination of a modified sleeve antenna for vertical polarisation and a halo antenna with four parasitic elements for horizontal polarisation. Four parasitic elements vertically were loaded above and below the halo antenna, and a sleeve antenna with an upper sleeve structure was inserted inside the halo antenna to achieve a low profile, wideband antenna with a small diameter. Simulation and measurement results showed that the proposed antenna achieved a relative bandwidth of 10.1% (|S11| and |S22| ≤ −10 dB). For the lower frequency wavelength (λmin) in the required bandwidth, the diameter and height of the proposed antenna are 0.14λmin and 0.57λmin respectively. Additionally, it is capable of orthogonal‐polarisation isolation of approximately 20 dB within the operating frequency bandwidth.
The Construction of Triple-Deleted Mutant M18ΔUMS as Cell Factory in Order to Improve PCA Production
Authors: Yang Da , He Yawen
Published: May 2023

Phenazines are secondary metabolites chiefly known for their broad-spectrum anti-microbial property. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, is an effective biocontrol agent against a number of plant-related pathogens. This experiment aimed to increase the production of PCA by deleting genes UTR, phzM and phzS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18, thus rendering the new strain more suitable for commercial use. The triple-deleted mutant M18ΔUMS shows significantly increased performance in PCA production compared to wild-type M18 strain. The new strain should be more applicable for commercial usage. However, M18ΔUMS exhibits a decreased growth rate compared to M18, indicating a inhibitory effect caused by the excess PCA.
Study on Transformation of The Gene of Resveratrol Synthase into Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Du Juan , Chen Sui , Yang Dongsheng , Hu Wenzhong , Jiang Tao , Lin Zhongpin
Published: May 2023

Resveratrol synthase (RS) is a key enzyme in Resveratrol (Res) synthesis pathway. RS genes have been transformed and expressed in many plants and microorganisms, and play biological roles in plant metabolism and regulation. In this study, the full length sequence of resveratrol synthase RS gene was transformed into Cordyceps militaris by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infestation with 1179 bp. The RS gene was integrated into Cordyceps militaris genome by PCR, Southern blot hybridization, Northern hybridization and other molecular biological tests. Objective To improve the content of RS gene in into Cordyceps militaris by transgenic technology, improve the resistance of Cordyceps militaris and promote the content of resveratrol downstream products, provide a theoretical basis for studying the biological function and regulation mechanism of RS gene metabolites, and provide an effective way to improve species, resistance and increase the yield of metabolites.
Optimization of Processing Technology of Chinese Chestnut Stuffing by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhao Yuhua , Guo Xueying , Lu Jie , Chang Xuedong
Published: May 2023

[Objective] To enrich the variety of Chinese chestnut products, promote the transformation of Chinese chestnut raw materials and increase added value, we developed a Chinese chestnut stuffing method and optimized the compounding process in order to provide a reference for the industrial development of Chinese chestnut stuffing. [Method] The degree of Chinese chestnut ripening, Chinese chestnut particle size, job’s tear dosage, red bean dosage and date paste dosage were optimized through single-factor experiments; then orthogonal experiments were conducted for the dosage of job’s tear, red bean and date paste. The Box-Behnken experimental results were then analyzed by response surface method. [Results] Firstly, it was determined that when the Chinese chestnut was steamed to the fifth to seventh degree of ripeness and crushed to 4-6 mesh size, the optimal amount of job’s tear was 10 g/25 g chestnut, red bean 10 g/25 g chestnut, and red date paste was 6 g/25 g chestnut.. The results of the orthogonal experiment showed that the compounding effect was better with the barley dosage of 9 g/25 g chestnut, red bean 10 g/25 g chestnut and red date paste 7 g/25 g chestnut. Response surface analysis yielded the regression equation Y (sensory score) = 8.2-0.27χ1 -0.059χ2 +0.26χ3 -0.22χ1 χ2 +0.062χ1 χ3 -0.46χ2 χ3 -0.81χ12 -0.41χ22 - 0.32χ32. The model had a low coefficient of variation (CV= 0.023), indicating that the equations fit well with high confidence. [Conclusion] A better quality Chinese chestnut filling could be obtained by compounding diced chestnuts of five to seven minutes steam ripening and crushed in 4-6 mesh with job’s tear, red beans and date paste in the ratio of 8.96 g/25 g, 9.77 g/25 g 7.37 g/25 g respectively. The error between the theoretical value (8.32 points) and the experimental value (8.28 points) was small (0.48%), indicating the optimized parameters are accurate and have practical value.
Effect of Exogenous Neutral Protease Fermentation on Cigar Leaf Quality
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Xin’an , Zhang Qi , Zhu Wenkui , Lu Yan , Shang Xiaoli
Published: May 2023

In order to reveal the effect of exogenous neutral protease addition on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves during fermentation. Taking Sichuan Shifang cigar tobacco leaves as the research object, the changes of conventional chemical composition, amino acid content, organic acids and other substances in tobacco leaves after natural fermentation and fermentation with exogenous enzyme preparations were investigated, and the changes of sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves before and after fermentation were also investigated. The results show that: 1) After fermentation, the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, chlorogenic acid and rutin in tobacco leaves decreased, and the content of reducing sugar fermented with enzyme preparation decreased more. 2) After fermentation, the total amount of free amino acids in tobacco leaves increased. With the increase of exogenous neutral protease, the content of amino acids first increased and then decreased. 3) After fermentation, the content of organic acids in tobacco leaves increased. When the amount of enzyme added was 2.5g/kg leaves, the increase of organic acid content was greater than that of natural fermentation, and the other additions of enzyme were close to that of natural fermentation. 4) After fermentation, the content of plastid pigment in tobacco leaves decreased slightly. With the increase of neutral protease, the content of plastid pigment increased. 5) After the fermentation of exogenous enzyme preparation, the sensory quality of tobacco leaves is improved, but too much protease will produce bitter taste.
Analysis of Frontier Evolution and Trends in the Field of Medication Use for Chronic Diseases of Older Adults in China
Authors: Gao Shiyu , Xia Fang , Ding Chen
Published: May 2023

Objective: This paper analysis the historical overview and dynamic evolution of medication use for chronic diseases of older adults in China. Methods: CNKI database was used to screen related papers with the theme “Medication for chronic diseases of older adults”. Research hotpots, hotspot clustering and evolutionary trends in the field were analyzed using COOC and VOSviewer visualization software. Results: A total of 842 articles were included, with an overall upward trend in the number of articles published, the issuing institution covers a wide range of areas, and the research hotspots include “older adult, chronic disease, influence factor, community, multiple drugs, medication safety” etc. Conclusion: China has developed a number of research hotspots around the medication use for chronic diseases of older adults. The pattern of chronic comorbidity should be further studied, strengthening cooperation with the community and in-depth research in areas such as enhancing community care.
Medikamentös induzierte
Immunhämolysen
Authors: Mayer Beate
Published: May 2023

Die medikamentös induzierte Immunhämolyse stellt eine seltene,
häufig fulminant und immer wieder letal verlaufende Sonderform der
autoimmunhämolytischen Anämie dar. Sie ist wenig bekannt und
wird häufig übersehen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Besonderheiten
des Krankheitsbildes inkl. wesentlicher Aspekte zur Pathogenese, Klinik,
Diagnostik und Therapie vor und zeigt, welche Medikamente häufig eine
Immunhämolyse auslösen können.
Komplexe Patternaddition – Coordinative Locomotor Training by Britta Dietz
Authors: Jochim-Lauth Bettina , Ritter Katrin
Published: May 2023

Das Coordinative Locomotor Training, CLT, ist eine Behandlungsform aus der Neuroreha, die auf Basis der PNF entwickelt wurde. Die darin drei-dimensional fazilitierten Bewegungen gehen von den Schlüsselpunkten Tuber ossi ischii und Angulus inferior scapulae aus. Damit lassen sich die Stabilität und Koordination im Gang verbessern.
Metachronous lesions after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: first assessment of the FAMISH prediction score
Authors: Rei Andreia , Ortigão Raquel , Pais Mariana , Afonso Luís P. , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Libânio Diogo
Published: May 2023

Background Surveillance after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is recommended for all patients owing to the persistent risk of metachronous gastric lesions (MGLs). We developed and validated a prediction score to estimate MGL risk after ESD for early neoplastic gastric lesions, to define an individualized and cost-saving approach.

Methods Clinical predictors and a risk score were derived from meta-analysis data. A retrospective, single-center, cohort study including patients with ≥ 3 years of standardized surveillance after ESD was conducted for score validation. Predictive accuracy of the score by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was assessed and cumulative probabilities of MGL were estimated.

Results The risk score (0–9 points) included six clinical predictors (scored 0–3): positive family history of gastric cancer, older age, male sex, corpus intestinal metaplasia, synchronous gastric lesions, and persistent Helicobacter pylori infection (FAMISH). The study population included 263 patients. The MGL rate was 16 %. The score diagnostic accuracy for predicting MGL at 3 years’ follow-up, measured by the AUC, was 0.704 (95 %CI 0.603–0.806). At 3 years and a cutoff < 2, the score achieved maximal sensitivity and negative predictive value; 15 % of patients could be assigned to a low-risk group, in which the progression to MGL was significantly lower than for the high-risk group (P = 0.04).

Conclusion The FAMISH score might be a useful tool to accurately identify patients with low-to-intermediate risk for MGL at 3 years of follow-up who could have surveillance intervals extended to reduce the burden of care.
Prenatal Substance Exposure: Associations with Neurodevelopment in Middle Childhood
Authors: Conradt Elisabeth , McGrath Monica , Knapp Emily , Li Xiuhong , Musci Rashelle J. , Mansolf Maxwell , Deoni Sean , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Ondersma Steven J. , Lester Barry M. ,   on behalf of program collaborators for Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: May 2023

Objective Single-substance exposure effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as problem behavior and intelligence quotient (IQ), have been studied in children for decades. However, the long-term consequences of polysubstance exposure are poorly understood.

Study Design Longitudinal neurodevelopmental data were gathered from cohorts across the United States through the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program. Data on prenatal exposure to opioids, nicotine, marijuana, and alcohol were collected from children ages 6 to 11 years (N = 256). Problem behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (school-age version), and verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) were assessed using the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition. We first identified latent profiles in the overall sample, then evaluated differences in profile membership for children with and without prenatal substance exposure.

Results Latent profile analysis identified two mutually exclusive categories: average VIQ and PIQ, with typical problem behavior, and below-average VIQ with average PIQ and clinically significant problem behavior. Children with prenatal nicotine and polysubstance exposures were more likely to be classified in the below-average VIQ, elevated problem behavior profile compared with children without prenatal nicotine exposure.

Conclusion The presence of clinically significant behavior problems in children with average PIQ, but below-average VIQ, could represent a unique endophenotype related to prenatal nicotine exposure in the context of other prenatal substance exposures.

Key Points
Surgical Treatment of Developmental Dysplastic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis: Additional Help from an Intervertebral Distraction, Correction, and Reduction Device
Authors: Lübbers Thomas , Sandvoss Gerd , Baalmann Rainer , Wigt Peter
Published: May 2023

Background In mid- to high-grade adult dysplastic spondylolisthesis, surgeons are faced with three underlying components: angular, translational, and collapse of the disk. In extremely narrow intervertebral spaces, it is difficult to distract and lift the vertebral bodies by the pedicle screw system alone. In this prospective case control study, we analyzed the efficacy of the latest prototypes (distraction, correction, and reduction [DCR] instrument) with intervertebral application in terms of distraction, correction of segmental kyphosis, and slip reduction.

Methods Twelve adult patients (5 male and 7 female patients) were enrolled in this study. The average age was 42 years (range: 17–67 years) and in all cases the maneuver was documented during the surgery. The amount of slip reduction, the lumbosacral angle according to the Spinal Deformity Study Group dysplastic angle (dys-SDGG), and the disk height were measured preoperatively, intraoperatively, 3 months after surgery, and during the latest follow-up (range: 3–44 months). The relative height of the lumbosacral disk was determined in relation to the disk height in L3/L4.

Results Slippage ranged from 17 to 67%. Overall, the average slippage was 45% preoperatively and 4.8% after the reduction maneuver. The average ratio of the disk height was 0.3 preoperatively, 1.0 intraoperatively, and 0.9 at the latest follow-up. Two patients showed significant kyphotic changes, and these patients had an 18- and 21-degree lordotic improvement. From those who had a lumbosacral kyphosis >20 degrees, only one patient did not show any lordotic improvement. All other patients had a significant lordotic improvement. In total, the lumbosacral angle changed from 15 to 23 degrees.

Conclusion The application of an intervertebral distractor with a mobile thigh has a good clinical and radiologic outcome for mid- to high-grade adult dysplastic spondylolisthesis in terms of distraction, kyphosis correction, and reduction of underlying slippage. The described hardware failures and the complications were not related to the DCR device.
Crowdsourcing Electronic Health Record Improvements at Scale across an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Rajamani Geetanjali , Diethelm Molly , Gunderson Melissa A. , Talluri Venkata S. M. , Motz Patricia , Steinhaus Jennifer M. , LaFlamme Anne E. , Jarabek Bryan , Christiaansen Tori , Blade Jeffrey T. , Badlani Sameer , Melton Genevieve B.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective Despite widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), these systems have significant room for improved efficiency and efficacy. While the idea of crowdsourcing EHR improvement ideas has been reported, little is known about how this might work across an integrated health care delivery system in practice.

Methods Our program solicited EHR improvement submissions during two timeframes across 10 hospitals and 60 clinics in an upper-Midwest integrated health care delivery system. Submissions were primarily collected via an EHR help feature.

Results A total of 262 and 294 submissions were received in 2019 and 2022, with a majority initiated from physicians (73.5 and 46.9%, 2019 and 2022) specializing in family medicine (52.0 and 59.3%). In 2022, the program reached a larger variety of personnel than 2019, with 53.0% of submissions from advanced practice providers, nurses, administrative staff, and other roles (p < 0.0001). Many ideas (36.4 and 50.0% in 2019 and 2022) reflected a lack of user understanding of EHR features and were addressed through training/education. Significant (27.1 and 25.9%) or simple (24.0 and 14.7%) EHR optimizations were required to address most remaining suggestions, with a number part of planned EHR improvement projects already (16.3 and 17.6%).

Conclusion Our experience using a crowdsourcing approach for EHR improvement ideas provided clinicians and staff the opportunity to address frustrations with the EHR and offered concrete feedback and solutions. While previous studies have suggested EHR technology improvements as paramount, we observed large numbers of users having a misunderstanding of EHR features, highlighting the need for improved EHR user competency and training.
Alterations in Preterm Brain Development: Relation to Developmental Assessment and Prediction
Authors: Aylward Glen P.
Published: May 2023

Infants born extremely preterm are at risk for compromised cognitive and motor outcome. There are various possibilities as to why this occurs. The “two-hit” hypothesis consists of interrelated developmental disruptions and insults. Both specifically affect the transient subplate neuronal layer (SNL) and the early development of brain circuitry. The SNL, analogous to a switchboard, is critical in connecting cortical and lower brain centers and is highly susceptible to disruptions and insults, producing dysfunctional neural networks. Damage to the SNL provides the putative link between atypical early brain development and later cognitive and academic function that require complex neural circuitry. This, in turn, has major ramifications for developmental assessment and prediction.

Key Points
Reassessing the econometric measurement of inequality and poverty: toward a cost-of-living approach
Authors: Au Anson
Published: May 2023

The econometric measurement of inequality and poverty in advanced capitalist economies has been preoccupied with aggregate measures of relative deprivation, namely, the Gini Index and a relative poverty rate, both of which are based on economic distances from the population median. Using the case of Hong Kong, this article demonstrates the limitations of relative measures: the Gini Index masks social mobility and the relative poverty line understates actual poverty. This article argues instead for a cost-of-living approach to measure poverty, where the poverty line is defined as the cost of essential goods and services. A cost-of-living approach produces a poverty line of HK$28,815 and attendant poverty rate of 44.47% in 2020, nearly double the poverty line of HK$13,450 and poverty rate of 23.6% according to the conventional relative measure of the poverty line set to 50% of median household income—capturing a shortfall of 551,400 poor households that have been overlooked by relative measures.
Toward quantum sensing of chiral induced spin selectivity: Probing donor–bridge–acceptor molecules with NV centers in diamond
Authors: Völker Laura A. , Herb Konstantin , Janitz Erika , Degen Christian L. , Abendroth John M.
Published: May 2023

Photoexcitable donor–bridge–acceptor (D–B–A) molecules that support intramolecular charge transfer are ideal platforms to probe the influence of chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) in electron transfer and resulting radical pairs. In particular, the extent to which CISS influences spin polarization or spin coherence in the initial state of spin-correlated radical pairs following charge transfer through a chiral bridge remains an open question. Here, we introduce a quantum sensing scheme to measure directly the hypothesized spin polarization in radical pairs using shallow nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centers in diamond at the single- to few-molecule level. Importantly, we highlight the perturbative nature of the electron spin–spin dipolar coupling within the radical pair and demonstrate how Lee–Goldburg decoupling can preserve spin polarization in D–B–A molecules for enantioselective detection by a single NV center. The proposed measurements will provide fresh insight into spin selectivity in electron transfer reactions.
Modal decomposition of flow instabilities in a straight turbine diffuser around the best efficiency point
Authors: Buron Jean-David , Houde Sébastien
Published: May 2023

Hydraulic turbines sometimes exhibit a sharp efficiency drop around the best efficiency point. The drop is known to originate from large flow separations in their draft tubes, limiting their ability to recover part of the residual kinetic energy exiting the runner. While the conditions leading to the onset of these separations are not yet understood, the potentially unstable vorticity distribution at the runner exit led to the hypothesis that those separations are the result of an interaction between the flow at the center of the draft tube and the boundary layer at the walls. To study this hypothesis, the turbulent flow inside the draft tube of a bulb turbine was measured with time-resolved particle-image velocimetry (TR-PIV). In this work, coherent structures are identified from spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) of the velocity fields to correlate changes in their topology with the efficiency drop. Special attention is given to the periodic vortical motions in the runner's wake, whose shape and energy content are found to be linked to the flow rate. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the underlying structure reveal a shift in its topology that correlates with the efficiency drop and separations at the wall. In addition, comparisons of the SPOD coefficients with the runner position show that the phase angle between the structure and the runner remains the same for each operating condition, suggesting a link with a rotating flow imbalance in the runner blade channels.
The stability of magnetic soap films
Authors: Lalli Navraj S. , Shen Li , Dini Daniele , Giusti Andrea
Published: May 2023

Although previous studies have shown that a magnetic field can drastically alter drainage in soap films containing particles responsive to a magnetic field, which we refer to as magnetic soap films, it is yet to be understood whether a magnetic field may be able to control the rate of drainage and film stability. Furthermore, the effect of a magnetic field on key drainage mechanisms, such as marginal regeneration, is unknown. An experimental investigation involving interferometry is conducted here to develop further understanding of the behavior of horizontal soap films containing magnetite nanoparticles. Three scenarios are considered: soap films, magnetic soap films, and magnetic soap films in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. In each of the three scenarios, high-resolution images capturing the time evolution of each film are acquired, and the lifetime of each film is measured. In addition, a measure of the rate of drainage and the velocities of thin patches of fluid arising from marginal regeneration are evaluated. The results suggest that a magnetic field may be able to have either a stabilizing or destabilizing effect on magnetic soap films, depending on their composition. Furthermore, applying a magnetic field to magnetic soap films alters the trajectory of thin patches of fluid arising from marginal regeneration. This study reveals how a magnetic field can be used in conjunction with magnetic particles to control the stability of soap films, which opens up the possibility for new technologies that require a fine control of film stability.
Self-consistent hopping theory of activated relaxation and diffusion of dilute penetrants in dense crosslinked polymer networks
Authors: Mei Baicheng , Lin Tsai-Wei , Sing Charles E. , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: May 2023

We generalize a microscopic statistical mechanical theory of the activated dynamics of dilute spherical penetrants in glass-forming liquids to study the influence of crosslinking in polymer networks on the penetrant relaxation time and diffusivity over a wide range of temperature and crosslink fraction (fn). Our calculations are relevant to recent experimental studies of a nm-sized molecule diffusing in poly-(n-butyl methacrylate) networks. The theory predicts the penetrant relaxation time increases exponentially with the glass transition temperature, Tg(fn), which grows roughly linearly with the square root of fn due to the coupling of local hopping to longer-range collective elasticity. Moreover, Tg is also found to be proportional to a geometric confinement parameter defined as the ratio of the penetrant diameter to the mean network mesh size. The decoupling ratio of the penetrant and Kuhn segment alpha times displays a complex non-monotonic dependence on fn and temperature that is well collapsed based on the variable Tg(fn)/T. A model for the penetrant diffusion constant that combines activated relaxation and entropic mesh confinement is proposed, which results in a significantly stronger suppression of mass transport with degree of effective supercooling than predicted for the penetrant alpha time. This behavior corresponds to a new network-based type of “decoupling” of diffusion and relaxation. In contrast to the diffusion of larger nanoparticles in high temperature rubbery networks, our analysis in the supercooled regime suggests that for the penetrants studied the mesh confinement effects are of secondary importance relative to the consequences of crosslink-induced slowing down of activated hopping of glassy physics origin.