bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-stationarity of volcanic tremor signals revealed by blind source separation and manifold learning
Authors: Steinmann René , Seydoux Léonard , Campillo Michel , Shapiro Nikolai , Journeau Cyril , Galina Nataliya
Published: February 2023

Volcanic tremors are one of many seismic signals recorded on volcanoes and are associated with different pre- and co-eruptive processes. Therefore, they are widely used in volcano monitoring. The properties of the tremor signals such as duration, spectral content, or intermittency are very variable, reflecting the possible different tremor source mechanisms. In many cases, several tremor-generating processes can act simultaneously resulting in overlapping signals in the seismogram. Despite their complex signal characteristics and different source mechanisms, volcanic tremors are either treated as one seismic signal class or as a set of seismic signal classes. With a scattering network, we can access the information conveyed by volcanic tremors, even in the presence of short-term impulsive signals. We apply blind source separation methods and manifold learning techniques to continuous seismograms recorded at the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (Kamchatka, Russia) and reveal the underlying patterns in the time series data dominated by volcanic tremors. The data-driven descriptors of the year-long seismogram reveal an ever-changing tremor signal, challenging the division of the observed volcanic tremors into a few distinct classes. The results highlight the complexity and non-stationarity of the volcanic tremors, suggesting a non-stationary volcanic system. Relating the data-driven patterns to the different underlying processes is the next step to understanding better the inner workings of a volcano.
Local effects of the injection of undersaturated waters in geothermal applications
Authors: Dietmaier Annette , Baumann Thomas
Published: February 2023

The Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) in southwest Germany is home to more deep geothermal plants than any other region in the country. The upper Jurassic, its main aquifer, consists of permeable carbonates which bear waters with temperatures of up to 150 °C on the southern border, and total dissolved salts values of up to 2 g/L. Geothermal applications in the NAFB include medical spas, geothermal district heating and power generation.In the case of heating and power generation, cooled-off waters are reinjected underground where rock-fluid interactions can lead to changes in the rock matrix and flow pathways. These interactions are thus an important factor to consider in the maintenance of geothermal plants. In carbonate systems, a decrease of temperature after heat extraction leads to an undersaturation of the previously equilibrated waters with regard to the host formation. The injected water dissolves the rock matrix along the borehole and the flow paths into the reservoir. This can increase the risk of a thermal breakthrough between injection and production well and possibly affect the borehole integrity. While the overall amount of dissolution has been monitored and modelled previously, the microscopic changes to the flow paths are still under investigation.We used rock samples coated with a 2-component paint and produced one microfracture in the coating to overcome experimental restrictions due to a limited fluid volume of the autoclave. The experiments were run at typical injection temperatures between 40°C and 75°C. The CO2 partial pressure wasadjusted to the measured values in the injection borehole. Microscopic and Raman images were taken before and after the exposition of the rock to the undersaturated waters and complemented by hydrochemical analyses.The dissolution of the limestones picked up microstructures and led to a heterogeneous development of the flow path. In an early stage of the injection, an underprediction of the increase of the hydraulic conductivity is thus expected.These assessments allow insights into the kinetics taking place at the artificial disturbance, which will make it possible to characterize and quantify the 3-dimensional pattern of calcite dissolution at a localized scale which is important for the development of the hydraulic properties, and affects further dissolution.
Use of HDG oceanic models to study eddy formation in coastal upwelling areas
Authors: Hernández García Inés , Oliver Serra Albert , Machín Jiménez Francisco
Published: February 2023

The Canary Islands region is located in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, next to the African coast. It is situated within the equatorward travelling Canary Current.This area has a high mesoscale activity. Some important features of this area are the African Upwelling System, the filaments originated by the upwelling, and long-lived cyclonic and anticyclonic mesoscale eddies. The generation of these mesoscale eddies, by the perturbation of the Canary Current caused by the islands, has been largely studied.The aim of this work is to use a novel Hybridisable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) oceanic model, based on Finite Elements, in addition to real in situ and satellite data, in order to study different generation mechanisms and the evolution of the mesoscale eddies south of the Canary Islands.
Carbonate-platform changes response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal maximum
Authors: Hu Xiumian , Li Juan , Jiang Jingxin , Garzanti Eduardo , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle
Published: February 2023

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma) is a large negative carbon isotope excursion that testifies to a massive perturbation of the global carbon cycle and has been considered to be the best deep-time analogue for present and future climate change. However, most studies of the response of shallow-water carbonates to climate change during PETM have focused on individual sites and sections. To get a broader perspective we compiled published records of carbonate-platform environments across the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Tethys ocean. The shallow-marine benthic ecosystems during PETM were largely distinct in composition from those in the latest Paleocene or/and early Eocene. No obvious impact on biota and specifically on larger benthic foraminifera is observed at PETM onset, whereas the major biotic change occurs later on at PETM recovery, suggesting that biotic changes lag behind climate warming and carbon cycle perturbations in shallow-water ecosystem. We also inferred sedimentary responses at each site from direct or indirect indicators of sedimentological and relative sea-level change at the PETM. A transgressive trend that began at PETM onset, and continued through the CIE core, followed by a relative sea-level fall around the PETM recovery, implying the response of the relative sea-level to climate warming is characterized by a gradual rise, and a rapid fall. The demise of carbonate platform, increased terrestrial inputs and tropical storms has been widely observed in carbonate-platform environments across the PETM, suggesting enhanced erosion/chemical weathering and hydrological changes during the climate warming.
Ice Transit and Performance Analysis for Cryorobotic Subglacial Access Missions on Earth and Europa
Authors: Boxberg Marc S. , Chen Qian , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Kowalski Julia
Published: February 2023

It is widely recognised that the icy moons of our solar system are interesting candidates for the search for habitable environments beyond Earth. While upcoming space missions such as the Europa Clipper and JUICE missions will give us further insight into the local cryo-environment of Jupiter’s moon Europa, any conclusive survey to detect life will require the ability to penetrate and traverse the ice shell and access the subglacial ocean directly. Developing a robust, autonomous cryobot for such a mission is an extremely demanding challenge and requires a concentrated interdisciplinary effort by engineers, geoscientists and astrobiologists.We report on recent progress in developing ice transit and performance models as a first step towards a modular virtual testbed. The modularity of the virtual testbed allows easy exchange of the trajectory model used, the environmental conditions, such as ice parameters, and the description of the cryobot. We introduce a trajectory model that allows the evaluation of mission-critical parameters such as transit time and energy demand for different cryobot designs and deployment scenarios both on Earth and on icy moons.Specific analyses presented in this study highlight the trade-off between minimum transit time and maximum efficiency of a cryobot, and allow quantification of different sources of uncertainty for cryobot trajectory models. Based on the terrestrial scenarios, our results show that the fastest transit time for the TRIPLE IceCraft cryobot is consistently achieved at all deployment sites, while its average energy consumption is rather high. The most energy efficient cryobot considered in our work is the EnEx-RANGE APU, that is, however, not designed for carrying large payloads.While we have focused on idealized models that, for example, assume a planar melting head and a laterally isolated probe, future extensions of the virtual testbed will include more detailed models and take into account non-uniform distributions of salt concentration observed in terrestrial ice drilling. Our models are a first major step forward in estimating the efficiency of melting probes and can help develop and improve robust, autonomous cryorobotic technologies for extraterrestrial missions that can ultimately shed light on the potential for life to exist in the alien oceans of Europa and other icy moons.
Skills in the representation of the propagation of the meteorological droughts through the eco-hydrological system by a land surface model across two Mediterranean catchments
Authors: Modanesi Sara , Bechtold Michel , De Lannoy Gabriëlle J. M. , De Santis Domenico , Massari Christian
Published: February 2023

Mediterranean mountainous basins provide critical water supply and ecosystem services, yet these environments are increasingly at risk due to anthropogenic stressors and competition for water across urban, agricultural and environmental demands. On the top of this, future climate projections suggest a drier and warmer Mediterranean with large increases in the frequency, duration, and severity of hydrological droughts with serious consequences for the management of water resources and natural ecosystems. So due to its vulnerability, it is crucial that land surface models (LSMs) correctly characterise these phenomena, as a first step to the provision of reliable projections of future water availability across the Mediterranean region.As hydrological systems are intrinsically intertwined with climatological and ecological systems, the propagation of meteorological droughts (i.e., precipitation below than normal and higher temperatures) through them is modulated by a variety of mechanisms which are linked to carbon and water cycle interactions and specifically to how well LSMs represent evaporation fluxes and water storage.The aim of this study is to analyse how Noah-MP LSM represents agricultural and hydrological droughts and in particular the propagation of the precipitation and evaporative demand anomalies to the soil moisture and streamflow anomalies in two typically and eco-hydrologically different Mediterranean catchments in the Upper Tiber River in Central Italy.The analysis is carried out with the NASA Land Information System’s Noah-Multi Parameterization (Noah-MP) model configured with four soil layers with the layer thicknesses, varying from 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 1 m, from the surface and using a simple groundwater reservoir beneath the soil layer allowing for soil moisture–groundwater interaction and related runoff production. Noah-MP allows for the prognostic representation of vegetation growth in combination with a Ball–Berry photosynthesis-based stomatal resistance. The LAI is calculated from leaf carbon mass by multiplying by the specific leaf area. The model is validated with ground-based soil moisture and streamflow observations as well as with remote sensing-based products of evaporation, vegetation and soil moisture.Results show a sub-optimal representation of runoff (magnitude) and LAI (with phase shift and magnitude) especially during some important drought events that have hit the region in 2012 and in 2022 (specifically over the more mountainous catchment) suggesting that improvements could be obtained from a better model parameterization of the vegetation and runoff schemes via calibration and assimilation techniques.
The mini induced magnetospheres at Mars.
Authors: Dubinin Eduard , Fraenz Markus , Paetzold Martin , Tellmann Silvia , DiBraccio Ginna , McFadden James
Published: February 2023

We report on observations made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft at Mars, in the region of the ion plume. We observe that in some cases, when the number density of oxygen ions is comparable to the density of the solar wind protons interaction between both plasmas leads to formation of mini induced magnetospheres (iMagnetospheres)  possessing all typical features of induced magnetospheres  observed at Mars or Venus: a pileup of the magnetic field at the ‘head’ of the ion cloud, magnetospheric cavity, partially void of solar wind protons, draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around the mini obstacle, formation of a magnetic tail with a current sheet, in which protons are accelerated by the magnetic field tensions. These new observations may shed a light on the mechanism of formation of induced magnetospheres.
Day-night root dynamics change through the growing season
Authors: Nair Richard , Strube Martin , Schrumpf Marion , Migliavacca Mirco
Published: February 2023

Roots are difficult to measure at high temporal resolution but are important as belowground sinks and sources of CO2. Even in an age of automated and remote estimation of many ecosystem properties, belowground plant biomass is opaque at all but the coarsest timescales. Further, root dynamics are not fully predictable from aerial biomass change. Many uncertainties in predicting whole ecosystem function derive from this lack of data belowground.Using automated minirhizotrons, we captured images of root dynamics four times a day from February to October in a permanent temperate grassland in Germany. We processed all images collected using a trained neural network model and image analysis scripts to extract morphological traits from segmented images. We found root growth occurring continuously, even at sub-zero aboveground air temperatures. As a whole population, most of the root growth was in spring, although turnover and replacement happened at all times. Root length density and extractable root surface area increased through spring but decreased through a dry summer into autumn. Mean rooting depth increased until summer but did not decrease during the study period. Mean root diameter only increased once the dry period began.We also examined the patterns of growth between day and night. Early in the year roots grew in both day and night time periods, but after initial rapid biomass growth, root growth was at night. We examine the  reasons for this switch relating to source and sink control of plant growth. We also consider implications for an accurate partitioning of carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems. 
Present and future long-term variability of the north Ionian surface circulation
Authors: Napolitano Ernesto , Iacono Roberto , Carillo Adriana , Struglia Maria Vittoria , Palma Massimiliano , Sannino Gianmaria
Published: February 2023

In recent years, much work has been devoted to the characterization of the long-term variability of the circulation in the North Ionian Sea, which in the last three decades has been dominated by the so-called Bimodal Oscillation (BIOS). Here we further investigate this topic, both in the context of present climate and in a future scenario, analyzing the results of simulations made with the MED16 model. MED16 is a new, tide-including implementation of the MITgcm oceanic model, which covers the Mediterranean-Black Sea system with a horizontal resolution of 1/16° that is further increased at the Gibraltar and Turkish Straits. Three simulations have been performed: a hindcast run (1980-2010), used to validate the model; a historical run (1980-2005), which provides initial conditions for the scenario simulation; and a future climate (2006-2100) simulation, using atmospheric forcing under the Rcp8.5 emission scenario.The hindcast run shows a variability of the surface circulation that is in good agreement with the observations, and indicates that during the period 1980–2010 the surface variability in the north Ionian is poorly correlated to that of the wind stress curl. The inversions of the circulation (switch from cyclonic to anticyclonic) that have been observed, and are well reproduced by the model, are apparently controlled by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient phenomenon: the huge volume of dense water produced by the Aegean Sea is the only forcing that may explain the strong anticyclonic surface circulation during the period 1993-1998. After that a prolonged cyclonic phase sets in, which weakens only during the 2004-2006 period.On the other hand, the climatic projection over the next century shows a prevalence of the cyclonic circulation, well correlated to the prevalent positive wind stress curl, and  three clear inversions in which both the wind stress curl and the anomalies of dense water of Adriatic and Aegean origin appear to play a role. The simulation shows that the variability in the region is also affected by the strengthening and weakening of the cyclonic cell itself, which can modulate the ingression of the Atlantic Ionian Stream from the Sicily Strait and its path. This indicates that the multidecadal variability of the north Ionian circulation can play an important role in the control of the transport of the surface salinity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, even in extreme climatic conditions.
Effects of vapour pressure deficit, temperature and soil drought on triple isotope patterns of assimilates and tree-ring cellulose
Authors: Lehmann Marco M. , Schuler Philipp , Schönbeck Leonie , Rehmann Oliver , Diao Haoyu , Vitali Valentina , Grossiord Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Stable isotope compositions of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) in plant carbohydrates such as photosynthetic assimilates or cellulose are widely applied tools to reconstruct climate and plant physiological responses. In contrast, applications of hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) in plant carbohydrates are limited because of previous methodological constrains and limited knowledge on processes causing hydrogen isotope fractionations. To better understand the individual climatic drivers of isotopic variations in tree rings, particularly for δ2H, we performed a controlled experiment over one growing season in climate chambers with saplings of broadleaf and conifer tree species. The growing conditions resembled conditions that can be typically found in the field: vapor pressure deficit (VPD; 1.0, 1.6, and 2.2 kPa), air temperature (T; 25 and 30 °C), and soil drought (D, well-watered and extreme dry).  After 5 months of treatment, δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H of water, sugars and starch in stems and leaves, as well as in cellulose of the recent year tree rings were measured. For δ2H analyses of plant carbohydrates, we applied a newly developed hot water vapour equilibration method (Schuler et al., 2022, doi.org/10.1111/pce.14193). Across all species, first results show that the three elements in tree-ring cellulose respond differently to the climatic drivers: both δ2H and δ13C values increased with increases in D and VPD, but the VPD responses were more pronounced under high than under low T conditions. In contrast, δ18O values were affected by T and VPD, while the VPD response was more pronounced under wet than under dry soil D conditions. Thus, the combination of δ2H and δ13C values could be used to identify D occurrences independent of VPD conditions, while δ18O value is a better indicator for T and VPD responses. In the following steps, the isotopic variations in tree-ring cellulose will be linked to those in water, sugars, and starch and their concentrations in leaf and stem material, as well as to various other structural and functional traits which have been measured throughout the experiment (Schönbeck et al., 2022, doi.org/10.1111/pce.14425). With this unique experimental design, we aim to provide new knowledge facilitating the interpretation of stable isotope patterns in tree rings under field conditions.
Multi-Observation Thematic Assembly: existing products and future evolutions
Authors: Verbrugge Nathalie , Etienne Hélène , Buongiorno Nardelli Bruno , Chau Tran , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciani Daniele , Claustre Hervé , Dibarboure Gérald , Gehlen Marion , Greiner Eric , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Mulet Sandrine , Pannimpullath Renosh , Parracho Claudia , Sammartino Michela , Sauzède Raphaëlle , Tarot Stéphane
Published: February 2023

Producing comprehensive information about the ocean has become a top priority to monitor and predict the ocean and climate change. Complementary to ocean state estimate provided by modelling/assimilation systems, a multi observations-based approach is developed thought the Copernicus Marine Service MultiOBservation Thematic Assembly (MOB TAC). Recent advances in data fusion techniques and use of machine-learning approach open the possibility of producing estimators of ocean physic and biogeochemistry (BGC) operationally, using input data from diverse sensors, satellites and in-situ programs. 

MOB TAC provides the following multi observations products at global scale:  

Blue ocean 

3D temperature, salinity, geopotential height and geostrophic current fields, both in near-real-time (NRT) and as long time series (REP=Reprocessing) in delayed-mode; 
2D sea surface salinity and sea surface density fields, both in NRT and as REP; 
2D total surface and near-surface currents, both in NRT and as REP; 
3D Vertical velocity fields as REP; 
L2Q and L4 sea surface salinity from SMOS in REP and NRT (only L2Q) 

Green ocean 

2D surface carbon data sets of FCO2, pCO2, DIC, Alkalinity, saturation states of surface waters with respect to calcite and aragonite as REP; 
Nutrient and Carbon vertical distribution (including Nitrates, Phosphates, Silicates, pH, pCO2, Alkalinity, DIC) profiles as REP and NRT; 
3D Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp) and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fields as REP. 

Parallel to its portfolio, MOB TAC has and will further develop specific expertise about the integration of multiple satellites and in-situ based observations coming from the other CMEMS TACs and projects. Furthermore, MOB TAC provides specific Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMIs), based on the above products, to monitor and the global ocean carbon sink. 
Correlated Multi-Technique Characterisation of Sulfur-Bearing Serpentine in Carbonaceous Chondrites
Authors: Topping Niamh , Bridges John C. , Hicks Leon J. , Noguchi Takaaki
Published: February 2023

Phyllosilicate minerals in the carbonaceous chondrites provide insights into processes in primitive parent bodies of the early Solar System. It is widely agreed that the CM- and CI-type carbonaceous chondrites underwent aqueous alteration on their parent bodies, resulting in phyllosilicate-rich matrices, where the dominant mineral phase is serpentine. There are many previous studies investigating phyllosilicate structure in carbonaceous chondrites, however, the presence of sulfur in these minerals and its effect on crystal lattice structure has not been studied in detail. We are investigating how the presence of sulfur (up to ≃9-10 wt% SO3) in serpentine phyllosilicate regions effects basal lattice spacing measurements of serpentine-like minerals in CM- and CI-type chondritic and related asteroidal material.Four specimens are being studied for this work: Winchcombe and Aguas Zarcas (CM-type), and Ryugu samples (A0058-C2001-08, A0104-00200502 and A0104-01700602) from Hayabusa2 and Ivuna (CI-type). All samples are TEM wafers. We have used a multi-technique approach to study the samples, with the E01 JEOL ARM200CF and E02 JEOL ARM300CF electron microscopes at the ePSIC facility at Diamond Light Source in Harwell, UK. EDS compositional data has been collected using the E01 microscope, whilst HRTEM and HAADF imaging data has been collected at E02. At E02 we are also applying a new 4D-STEM nano-diffraction technique in order to collect lattice spacing data to correlate with our other HRTEM results. Fe-K XANES analyses on Winchcombe and Ryugu have been carried out using the I18 microprobe and I14 hard x-ray nanoprobe respectively, also at Diamond Light Source, to constrain Fe3+/ΣFe. By combining these techniques we aim to better understand the physical and chemical structure of serpentine-like minerals in carbonaceous chondrites.Initial analyses have shown that sulfur presence in carbonaceous chondrite phyllosilicates reduces the basal lattice spacings of serpentine-like minerals. In these sulfur-bearing regions, we have been finding lattice spacings in the range ~0.60-0.74nm for the CM-type chondrites. For the CI-type, these range between ~0.65-0.76nm. Differences in the reduced lattice spacing ranges are likely related to the redox state of the sulfur. In Ryugu and other carbonaceous chondrites the sulfur appears reduced; its content in serpentine is low and we see FeS grains. Comparatively, in Winchcombe (and others) more of the sulfur seems to be in the serpentine structure.We can conclude that in serpentine-like minerals, the presence of sulfur appears to reduce basal lattice spacing values compared to the expected d-spacing value of 0.70nm for serpentine. Possible reasons for this include further investigations into the valency of the sulfur ions, the bonding environment within serpentine layers, and the location of sulfur in either the octa- or tetrahedral lattice sites. 
Flood Risk Mitigation in Highly Urbanized Area by Nature Based Solutions: The Case of Istanbul Esenyurt
Authors: Özer Buse , Fırat Egemen , Yılmaz Koray K. , Türkkan Karaoğlu Gülçin , Fitoz Esra , Yıldız Yüksekol Özlem , Alphan Tuba , Önder Görkem
Published: February 2023

As in the rest of the world, floods have devastating socio-economic effects in Turkey as well. Especially, highly urbanized areas do not enable the implementation of structural measures, properly. In addition, in recent years, structural measures have been replaced by nature-based and eco-friendly approaches. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effectiveness of nature-based solutions (NBSs) in such places in order to eliminate the negative effects of floods. This study covers the area of Esenyurt District in Istanbul, which is highly urbanized and frequently affected by floods. The main channel of the Haramidere Creek and its six branches were studied with a total length of approximately 25 km. Firstly, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 year recurrence interval of flow rates were calculated by using a hydrological model and extreme value analysis. Next, flood inundation area and depths were determined using 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models. Social and economic risks were estimated by combining the related studies mentioned above with the road, vehicle, building etc. inventory. Following this, the basin was divided into regions according to its NBS characteristics. The approaches such as rainwater harvesting in areas with insufficient infrastructure and permeable pavement in suitable areas having gentle slopes were modeled both individually and in combinations. In the literature, the effects of NBS have been revealed by examining the flood volume and peak flow values. In some similar studies, there is more decrease in peak flow rates while implementing a combination of NBSs rather than applied alone as a solution. In our study, in addition to the changes in flood volume and peak values, changes in flood inundation boundary, depth, social and economic risk will also be quantitatively revealed for the relevant recurrence interval of flow rates.
200 Ma of magmatism along the northern border of the West African Craton during Pan-African convergence
Authors: Bisch Alex , Triantafyllou Antoine , Mahéo Gweltaz , El Kabouri Jamal , Bruguier Olivier , Bosch Delphine , Berger Julien , Ganne Jérôme , Christophoul Frédéric
Published: February 2023

Convergence zones are marked by a variety of settings that may follow each other in modern-day tectonics, including compressive phases such as subduction, obduction, collision but also extensive ones such as back-arc opening or stress-relaxation during orogenesis. Hence, the protracted evolution leading to a super-continent block amalgamation may be difficult to decipher and so may be the forcings on external enveloppes such as volcanism or erosion caused by the different phases.This question arises critically at the time of the Pan-African Orogenesis (1-0.5 Ga) assembling Gondwana, a time of supposedly dramatic and diachronical changes for external envelopes: glaciations of debated scales, deposition of various Banded Iron Formations, first (Ediacarian) fauna, replacement by Cambrian faunas. Our goal is to explore in detail the geodynamical succession leading to the amalgamation of blocks along the northern margin of the West African Craton (WAC), outcropping in the Central Anti-Atlas region, Morocco. This region is characterized by the occurrence of extended convergence-related magmatism, ophiolite emplacement and basins fillings (including BIF) during Cryogenian and Ediacaran periods.Data obtained from compilation of cartographic work, whole-rock geochemistry and datation reveals a polyphased but still poorly constrained evolution through proxies of continentality (εNd) and of crustal thickness (Sr/Y ratio). We present new data spanning metamorphic petrology, basin stratigraphy, coupled datation and trace element analysis in detrital zircons in order to better understand the evolution of the geodynamic, magmatic and drainage systems. We propose a geodynamic scenario based on these data:
Development of an early oceanic arc (760-720 Ma) with juvenile magmatic signature (3<εNd(t)<7), its accretion on the WAC is followed by an episode of calc-alkaline magmatism (710-700 Ma).

Second arc development (700-670 Ma) only seen in detrital and inherited zircons, its accretion at 670 Ma is followed by late-orogenic magmatism (660-650 Ma) associated with decreasing crustal thickness (from 70 to 25 km).

Third arc development on the newly formed continent margin (640-600 Ma) until oceanic closure and collision. Intense late orogenic magmatism occurs (590-570 Ma), coeval with the decreasing crustal thickness (from 100 to 30 km).

A late phase of calc-alkaline is recorded (570-550 Ma) at constant and regular crustal thickness (25 km). A 550 Ma compressive event is recorded, very few calc-alkaline follows.

The onset of Cambrian with the development of a large passive margin capping the whole region. This change coincides with disappearance of ice-house climate evidence from the global sedimentological record.
The elimination of climatic extremes using vertical gardens in densely urbanised areas
Authors: Majorošová Martina , Zaťovičová Miriam
Published: February 2023

This case study focuses on climate change adaptation strategy for densely urbanised areas. The phenomenon of heavy urbanization has significantly intensified during the last decades. Building constructions are still expanding, resulting in the decline or even elimination of green spaces. Not only does it cause the eradication of green spaces, but it also prevents unbuilt areas from the further development of green infrastructure. The pressure of developers urges the maximum use of urban areas for financial profit at the expense of greenery, which does not generate such profit. However, the benefits of greenery on human health are more significant, hence it is necessary to educate the public about these positive aspects and create and promote adaptation strategies for climate change. Furthermore, hydrological extremes are increasingly and more regularly repeating during the year, and it is necessary to create a green infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of these extremes. In severely and densely urbanised spaces, such as the historic city centres, there is no longer an option to provide areas for the possible further creation of green spaces. Therefore, in this case study we focused on the possibility of creating green infrastructure using the vertical gardens and bringing all the benefits of green spaces to vertical dimension, which does not require any land space. The example of the Old Town district of Bratislava, Slovakia was used in this case study. This proposal presents a selection of possible spaces for the creation of vertical gardens, which are also designed as an information system for visitors navigating them from major transport hubs to the city centre.
Compilation of new evidence for the effectiveness of measures to emulate natural flood management (NFM) in the last 5 years
Authors: Pearson Eleanor , Hankin Barry , Chappell Nick , Beven Keith , Rose Steve
Published: February 2023

This poster summarises a range of new findings on monitoring and modelling the effectiveness of Natural Flood Management including from NERC/UKRI NFM programme over the last five years covering a range of nature based solutions designed to slow, store and infiltrate flood water. The updates cover the following areas: Quantitative evidence (monitoring and modelling) of effectiveness of different NFM features or systems of features; Performance failure of NFM measures or systems of measures; Evidence for climate change resilience of measures;  Trade-offs between clusters of NFM features versus large individual NFM features; Evidence for resilience of NFM at high and low flows and; Evidence for integrated benefits including water resources and water quality in combination with flood risk regulation; Advances in distributed modelling of different NFM features and evidence for shifts in effective parameter shifts; Scaling modelled parameter shifts to represent changes at larger scales.The poster also solicits additional quantitative evidence from international colleagues and will be used to update evidence summaries being used in the UK.
Detecting low-frequency earthquakes with deep learning
Authors: Münchmeyer Jannes , Giffard-Roisin Sophie , Malfante Marielle , Marsan David , Socquet Anne
Published: February 2023

Subduction megathrusts are the largest earthquakes occuring worldwide. Yet the generation of large subduction earthquakes is still poorly understood. Recent research revealed that aseismic deformation in the form of slow slip events (SSEs) might play a key rule in the build-up of these events. However, SSEs are hard to observe directly, due to there slow nature. One way to identify and study aseismic deformation is through co-occuring signals, for example, low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). Yet these events are again difficult to observe due to their low signal-to-noise ratio and emergent onsets.In this project, we build machine learning models to identify low-frequency earthquakes. These models are more flexible and transferable than the commonly employed template matching techniques for LFE detection. We focus on deep learning based models, building upon their excellent performance for the picking and detection of regular seismicity. To train and evaluate these models we have compiled a collection of LFE datasets from multiple world region in a format tailored for machine learning. We integrate our LFE detector into the SeisBench library to allow easy application of the model in future studies.
3-D geometrical modelling of the Dinantian carbonate reservoir in Northern France: new constraints for the regional development of deep geothermy
Authors: Averbuch Olivier , Laurent Aurore , Beccaletto Laurent , Graveleau Fabien , Lacquement Frédéric , Caritg Séverine , Marc Stéphane , Capar Laure
Published: February 2023

In the general context of the development of renewable energy in the Hauts-de-France region (N France), some growing interest has been focused recently on the potential of deep geothermy. This area displays favourable conditions due to the burial of a regionally well-defined reservoir, i.e. the Dinantian karstic and brecciated limestones (Lower Carboniferous, 360-330 Ma), below the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal-bearing Upper Carboniferous basin, developed by flexural subsidence in the foreland of the Northern Variscan frontal thrust system. The predominance of shales within the molassic basin as well as within the basal units at the floor of the thrust wedge (the Lower Devonian clastic units) are furthermore likely to form a large-scale permeability barrier potentially favouring the localization of hot waters within the underlying carbonate reservoir. The occurrence of a Dinantian regional geothermal resource has already been proven in Southern Belgium in the Hainaut coal basin area (the eastern prolongation of the Northern France coal basin) where the temperature in three geothermal wells reaches about 70°C.To provide further constraints on such potential deep geothermal field in a structurally complex setting (a laterally segmented thrust front), the geometry of the Dinantian reservoir in northern France has been investigated through the integration and interpolation in a 3-D model of a large database including 1 128 boreholes and 532 km of reprocessed, interpreted and depth-converted seismic reflection profiles. The results of the 3-D modelling indicate that the Dinantian reservoir is present at depth over a large area covering approximately 7675 km² in northern France-southern Belgium. It extends at least 30 to 40 km south of the coal mining district area, underneath the Ardennes Allochthonous Unit of the Northern Variscan Front. The Dinantian reservoir is less than 200 m deep in the Lille metropolitan area and strongly deepens southward through a sharp flexure. It reaches 1000-3000 m depth underneath the coal basin and a maximum of 6944 m depth at the southern end of the study area. Overall, the Dinantian reservoir is structured along two main directions oriented N70-80° and N110-130°, related respectively to deep frontal Variscan thrusts and lateral-oblique ramps. The Dinantian reservoir ends west of Douai against a major complex lateral ramp system forming a first-order transfer zone within the Northern France Variscan thrust front. The latter localizes a set of strongly dipping N110-N130 faults (the Artois faults) representing second-order structures produced during subsequent deformation periods i.e. the Late Carboniferous-Permian rifting event and the Tertiary inversion related to the far-field accommodation of the Alpine-Pyrenean shortening.
Numerical simulations of metallic ion density perturbations in sporadic E layers caused by gravity waves
Authors: Qiu Lihui , Yamazaki Yosuke , Yu Tao , Becker Erich , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Qi Yifan , Siddiqui Tarique A , Stolle Claudia , Feng Wuhu , Wang Jin , Liang Yu
Published: February 2023

The ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layer is a thin and dense metallic ion layer that occasionally appears at altitudes between 95 and 125 km. The layer-forming process is controlled by the vertical wind shear that is closely linked to the atmospheric tides forced by solar radiation. The diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal and quarterdiurnal variations in the Es layer occurrence rate have been revealed by observations. However, how the gravity wave affects the Es layer has not been well revealed. Using the 1-D Es layer model driven by neutral winds from the HIAMCM model (High Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model), this work simulated the physical process of the Es layer evolution modulated by gravity waves. The results show the short-period metallic ion density disturbance (1.5-3h) caused by gravity waves. The sporadic E layer can be destroyed or enhanced by gravity waves.
Characterization of Extreme Rainfall Events Classes in the Tropical Andes by Using Weather Radar Data
Authors: Urgilés Gabriela , Orellana-Alvear Johanna , Bendix Jörg , Célleri Rolando
Published: February 2023

Extreme rainfall is characterized by a high spatio-temporal variability. This variability is exacerbated in mountain areas, such as the tropical Andes, where the complex orography and mesoscale atmospheric processes have an enormous influence on the rainfall processes. Particularly the analysis of extreme rainfall events in the Ecuadorian Andes has remained a challenge due the lack of high spatio-temporal resolution operational observing systems. However, the recent availability of rainfall radar data in this area enables an improvement of our knowledge about those extremes. Here, we presented a study that aims to identify specific types of extreme rainfall events based on a clustering approach and to analyze their spatio-temporal characteristics. The study is based on three years of data collected from an X-band scanning weather radar that was located at 4450 m a.s.l in the Tropical Andes of southern Ecuador, delivering high resolution (5min, 500m) data. Several extreme rainfall events were identified, which were selected based on a rainfall accumulation threshold and visual inspection. Then, extreme rainfall events characteristics (e.g., rain rate, duration, rainfall accumulation, hour and month of occurrence) were identified for each event. Then, the k-means clustering was applied to the events using their rainfall characteristics. The main idea of this algorithm is to cluster a set of objects by accounting for their similarities. In our presentation, we will show the three major types of extreme rainfall events resulting from our analysis as well as the marked differences in their rainfall characteristics. The first type of extreme-events showed the highest values of intensity and the lowest values of duration. Also, two extreme-events types showed predominant months and hours of occurrence. In addition, the site of occurrence of the spatial nucleus of maximum intensity of the first type was located at higher elevations. We will show that the typology of extreme rainfall events improves our knowledge about the spatio-temporal characteristics in the tropical Andes. 
Response of East Asian summer monsoon climate to North Atlantic meltwater during the Younger Dryas
Authors: Wu Jie , Shi Zhengguo , Yang Yongheng
Published: February 2023

The Younger Dryas (YD) event, recognized as one of the most typical abrupt climate changes on the millennial time scale, results in striking cooling in most regions of the North Atlantic. The most acceptable hypothesis believes that this event is related to a large volume of meltwater fluxes injected into the North Atlantic. In remote Asia, various paleoclimate reconstructions have revealed that the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is significantly depressed during the cold YD episode. However, the effect of North Atlantic meltwater-induced cooling on the whole downstream Eurasian regions and its potential dynamics remains been not fully explored till now. In this study, the responses of Asian climate characteristics during the YD episode, especially the EASM, are evaluated based on modeling data from the Simulation of the Transient Climate of the Last 21,000 years (TraCE 21ka). The results show that the cooling signal during the YD, which is mainly caused by meltwater flux, spreads from the North Atlantic to the whole Eurasia. In agreement with the paleoclimatic proxies, the simulated EASM is obviously weakened. The summer precipitation is also suppressed over East, South, and Central Asia. Dynamically, the North Atlantic cooling produces an eastward propagated wave train across the mid-latitude Eurasia, which facilitates weaker EASM circulation. The weakened land-sea thermal contrast over East Asia also contributes to the monsoon decrease during YD cooling.
Automated criticality calculations for radionuclide migration scenarios in the geological disposal of radioactive waste.
Authors: Paxton Adam , Wu Jiejie , Applegate David , Price Andrew , Hicks Tim , Eldridge Callum
Published: February 2023

Nuclear Waste Services (NWS) goal is to ensure radioactive waste produced in the UK is managed safely and securely. This includes being responsible for the siting and construction of the UK’s Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) infrastructure for higher-activity radioactive waste. This waste includes large quantities of fissile nuclides, therefore a safe GDF design must account for the risk of a subsurface criticality event (i.e. a chain fission reaction). Fissile nuclides will be dispersed in a GDF over post-closure timescales governed by uncertain processes such as corrosion, radioactive decay, diffusion and reactive transport. To account for the uncertainty in the future evolution of a GDF, safety assessments apply probabilistic modelling and compute thousands of radionuclide migration scenarios. Previous assessments using existing models have used expert human judgement to manually estimate the worst-case scenario of radionuclide migration and then used a criticality code to calculate the effective neutron multiplication factor (i.e. reactivity). However, this manual approach may fail to select the most reactive scenario. Therefore, a new codebase has been developed by Jacobs for NWS in order to automate the safety assessment process, considering all scenarios and identifying trends in reactivity. The new codebase, GoldSim Monte Carlo Interfacing Tool (GMIT), comprises a set of Python modules and scripts which utilise parallel processing to allow the user to couple thousands of scenarios from a reactive transport model of a GDF with a choice of criticality code (MONK or MCNP). The tool is developed with user customisability in mind, and includes optimisation features to minimise space requirements of the GDF design while remaining safely below a prescribed reactivity threshold. This talk will discuss the main features of GMIT and will present some preliminary results that have been obtained through its use in support of the UK GDF criticality safety programme.