bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AL-AḌDĀD (KONTRANIM) DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PERBEDAAN TAFSIR
Authors: Bahtiar Azam
Published: January 2022

This paper tries to prove that differences in interpretation of the Al-Qur’an are necessary and inevitable. Even if it we can assume that the reading of the text can be free from ideological intervention and the tendency of commentators, differences in interpretation will still exist. To prove it, the author proposes and examines a linguistic phenomenon known as al-aḍdād or contranym. Using a number of muktabar and standard traditional commentaries, this paper examines six contranym entries that appear in the text of the Al-Qur’an, and shows their implications for differences in interpretation—both differences called tanawwu'ī (variative) and taḍādd (contradictory).
What Makes Small-Scale Fishers Resilient? Lessons from the Coping Strategies under COVID-19 Outbreak Observed in Trang Province, Thailand
Authors: Arai Yuki , Sanlee Maneewan , Uehara Misato , Iwasaki Shimpei
Published: January 2022

Researchers have reported various impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on small-scale fishers, such as stagnating market demands, reduction of market price and income, etc. While literature have heeded to these impacts in a relatively short time frame, scant evidence exists on the changing impacts over time and on the detailed processes of how fishers have been coping with the challenges in a longer time period. Furthermore, few studies have comprehensively analysed the impacts and strategies from multiple perspectives. This study aims to explore the perceived impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on small-scale fishing communities and to highlight the coping strategies adopted by fishers over a year since the initial outbreak, through a case study in Trang Province, Thailand. Analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews indicated that fishers wisely utilised natural, financial and social capitals at the early stages of the outbreak, while human capitals were essential for recovering from the impacts in the later stages. Our findings suggest that the adaptive capacity to flexibly change livelihood strategies are crucial, while alternative income source may not necessarily help small-scale fishers under stagnating global economy.
PENGETAHUAN GURU TENTANG KONSEP WIRAUSAHA LITERASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA
Authors: Wulansari Keken , Zulianto Sugit , Ulya Chafit
Published: January 2022

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di sekolah merupakan pembelajaran berbasis teks produktif-apresiatif yang berpeluang bernilai wirausaha bagi siswa sehingga dibutuhkan bimbingan guru yang memiliki pengetahuan wirausaha literasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi  pengetahuan guru  Bahasa Indonesia tentang kompetensi wirausaha. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Sumber data adalah guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Kota Surakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner tertutup menggunakan skala Linkert. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan memperhatikan mean ideal dan standar deviasi ideal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aspek pengetahuan manajemen dan organisasi memiliki rerata persentase paling tinggi yaitu 35% dengan jumlah skor 429. Disusul oleh aspek pengetahuan bidang usaha yang ditekuni dengan rerata presentase sebesar 34% dan memiliki jumlah skor 557. Aspek yang paling rendah adalah aspek pengetahuan peran dan tanggung jawab dengan rerata presentase sebesar 31% dengan jumlah skor 337. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai manajemen dan organisasi, namun kurang mengetahui tentang peran dan tanggung jawab dalam berwirausaha sehingga perlu ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan.
Experimental College Student Worksheet-based on Critical Thinking Skills Training for Genetics and Evolution Course
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati
Published: January 2022

The study of genetics and evolution emphasizes the problem solving and processes that require critical thinking skills. For this reason, a college student experimental worksheet (CSEW) based on critical thinking skills is needed, so that students can be more active and have a meaningful learning experience. The purpose of this research is to develop the CSEW based on critical thinking skills which will be used at the Course Genetics and Evolution. This research was conducted at the Biology Education Campus, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FTTE), Universitas Riau. The research starts in the odd semester 2020-2021 from September 2020 to January 2021. The process of development referred to the ADDIE model. The results showed that the overall validation of the CSEW is 3.52 or very valid categories and based on the limited scale trials is 3.50 or very good categories. While the average student critical thinking is 79.00 or in a good category. Thus, it can be concluded that the CSEW is possible to be applied in genetics and evolution courses.
Perancangan Konfigurasi FTTH Jaringan Akses Fiber Optik Dengan Optisystem Dalam Modul Praktikum Komunikasi Optik
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang modul praktikum Sistem Komunikasi Fiber Optik yang ada pada mata kuliah Jaringan Pita Lebar dan Komunikasi Optik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode perancangan dan eksperimen, yaitu dengan melaksanakan perancangan pada konfigurasi sistem jaringan fisik yang telah ada. Dengan menggunakan modul yang dirancang, pada hasilnya akan dapat dilakukan pengukuran dan perhitungan link budget rancangan tersebut. , instrumen penilaian yang digunakan dalam aktivitas pembelajaran harus dapat menilai kinerja mahasiswa berdasarkan kriteria kompetensi teknis dan supervisi yang diharapkan [1]. Perancangan jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) yang dilakukan dibuat dalam perangkat lunak simulasi jaringan  fiber optik, yaitu Optisystem. Sebagaimana kegiatan fisiknya, pengukuran dirancang menggunakan optical power meter, Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) dan BER analyzer [2]. Hasil penelitiannya, dapat disusun sebuah konfigurasi FTTH yang dimuat pada modul praktikum Sistem Komunikasi Fiber Optik yang tepat berikut buku panduan praktikumnya (jobsheet) dengan nilai daya pada jaringan sebesar – 16,420 dBm, yakni memenuhi standar yang diperbolehkan.

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Abstract

This study aims to design a Fiber Optic Communication System practicum module in the Broadband Network and Optical Communication course. This research was conducted by design and experimental methods, namely by implementing the design on the existing physical network system configuration. By using the designed module, the results will be able to measure and calculate the design link budget. , the assessment instrument used in learning activities must be able to assess student performance based on the expected criteria of technical competence and supervision[1]. The Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network design is made in optical fiber network simulation software, namely Optisystem. As with its physical activities, measurements are designed using an optical power meter, Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and a spectrum analyzer[2]. The results of the research, a FTTH configuration can be compiled which is loaded on the correct Fiber Optic Communication System practicum module along with the practical manual (jobsheet) with a power value on the network of - 16,420 dBm, which meets the allowed standards.
ELIPSIS DALAM CERPEN KOMPAS "GERIMIS YANG SEDERHANA" KARYA EKA KURNIAWAN
Authors: Sari Merty Karlina , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: January 2022

Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi sebuah karya sastra, seperti cerpen menjadi menarik dibaca, di samping isi ceritanya. Salah satunya adalah teknik penulisannya. Seperti Eka Kurniawan yang menulis karya-karyanya menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana dan menggunakan tema-tema yang simple tapi menarik saat dibaca. Salah satu karyanya ialah Cerpen Gerimis yang Sederhana yang diawali dengan bahasa yang ringan dan diselipi humor pada bagian akhir cerita. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti memilih cerpen Gerimis yang Sederhana sebagai sumber data. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis elipsis pada cerpen Kompas yang berjudul Gerimis yang Sederhana karya Eka Kurniawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dan teknik catat. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Agih dengan teknik dasar BUL (Bagi Unsur Langsung) dan teknik lanjutannya teknik sisip atau interupsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat elipsis berbentuk kata, frasa, klausa dan kalimat dalam cerpen Gerimis yang Sederhana karya Eka Kurniawan.
TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF MEMINTA MAAF TERPIDANA KORUPSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Lailiyah Nur
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini berwujud deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi tindak tutur ekspresif untuk meminta maaf yang dilakukan oleh para terpidana korupsi yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Data berupa tuturan yang dikumpulkan dari media daring dan youtube dengan teknik dokumentasi melalui simak-catat. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. Analisis fokus pada bagaimana bentuk-bentuk lingual dari tindakan tindak tutur meminta maaf dan bagaimana strategi tindak tutur. yang digunakan para terpidana korupsi serta fungsi tindak tutur meminta maaf. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat tiga strategi tindak tutur ekspresif meminta maaf yang diekspresikan oleh para terpidana korupsi, yaitu strategi dengan cara mengekspresikan permintaan maaf secara langsung dengan menggunakan kata maaf, strategi permintaan maaf dengan cara memberikan tambahan penjelasan, strategi tindak tutur ekspresi meminta maaf dengan cara mengungkapkan pertanggungjawaban. Sedangkan terdapat fungsi tindak tutur dalam meminta maaf yaitu: membangun kembali (merekonstruksi) kepercayaan, merehabilitasi diri (individu), menyembuhkan dari rasa malu, penyelesaian konflik, dan pemulihan keharmonisan sosial.
TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF DALAM MEME BU TEJO TILIK DI TWITTER SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR SISWA SMP (SUATU KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)
Authors: Siregar Rabiatul Adawiyah , Kusyani Diah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to describe (1) expressive speech acts in Bu Tejo Tilik's memes on twitter; (2) expressive speech acts in Bu Tejo Tilik's meme on twitter as teaching materials for junior high school students. The method used is descriptive-qualitative pragmatic approach to link language with the use of language such as words, phrases, or sentences and the elements that are outside them. The aim is to describe the data in a pragmatic way from the reader's point of view. The data in the form of Bu Tejo Tilik's memes on twitter were analyzed using pragmatic studies. The results showed that (1) expressive speech acts in Bu Tejo Tilik's memes on twitter, namely happy / congratulatory speeches, gratitude, criticizing, complaining, blaming, insinuating. (2) Expressive speech acts in Bu Tejo Tilik's memes on twitter have benefits as teaching materials for students because they can increase reading interest, motivate students to think critically and be used as reading material for creatively written material, such as poster material, slogans, and texts. Anecdote.
Spectacular Accidental Distraction Arthroplasty in Dupuytren Contracture with Good Outcome
Authors: Degreef Ilse , Van Hoecke Emanuel , Van Nuffel Maarten
Published: January 2022

Case:

An exceptional event occurred during gradual extension with an external fixator for recurrent small finger Dupuytren flexion deformity. A massive proximal interphalangeal joint distraction arose, possibly because of the center of rotation misalignment and a hasty patient-controlled correction. The device was removed, and a plaster splint protected the finger for 5 days to prevent dislocation of the unstable joint. It relocated with an acceptable clinical result.

Conclusion:

Gradual extension of Dupuytren contractures with an external fixator may induce severe joint distraction by eccentric placement of the device. On the other hand, the good outcome of this case report may inspire further research on controlled joint distraction in hooked deformity.
Two Single-Level Nonadjacent Corpectomies With Expandable Vertebral Body Replacements for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Trojner Teodor , Rečnik Gregor
Published: January 2022

Case:

The case describes a 59-year-old male patient who suffered from a solitary metastasis of unknown origin in the L1 vertebra. Owing to the instability, a corpectomy and posterior fixation with the expandable cage implantation was performed. However, the disease progressed, which required additional nonadjacent corpectomy and cranial elongation of the construct with implantation of the additional expandable cage at the level Th11.

Conclusion:

In such complex pathology, two single-level nonadjacent corpectomies and expandable cage implantations present a surgical solution that may provide a satisfactory outcome.
Anterior Compartment Neurovascular Bundle Entrapment in a Minimally Displaced Distal Tibial Fracture
Authors: Lachance Andrew D. , Shields Margaret V. , Ryan Scott P.
Published: January 2022

Case:

A 29-year-old woman presented with a low-energy, minimally displaced pilon fracture with progressive pain and paresthesias in the affected foot, ultimately requiring open reduction and internal fixation. Intraoperatively, the deep peroneal nerve and anterior tibial artery and vein were entrapped within the fracture. After freeing the bundle and fixing the fracture, the paresthesias improved and ultimately resolved.

Conclusion:

Injury to the anterior leg compartment neurovascular structures should be considered in low-energy, minimally displaced pilon fractures. In this instance, progressive neurologic symptoms not consistent with the radiographic findings indicated the patient for surgical exploration and fixation.
Nonoperative Management of Chronically Subluxated Bilateral Cervical Facets with Bony Fusion
Authors: Humphrey Tyler , Song Junho , Zhang Andrew , Czerwein John , Chao Simon
Published: January 2022

Case:

We describe a case of a 65-year-old woman with bilateral chronically subluxated C6 to 7 facets with facet fusion, who presented for care for the first time 1 year after a motor vehicle accident. The patient was minimally symptomatic at the time of her evaluation; thus, nonoperative treatment was provided. At 3-year follow-up, our patient remained minimally symptomatic with no progression of neurologic deficits.

Conclusion:

Consistent with previous reports, conservative management was used rather than surgical fusion in a patient with stable osseous fusion complexes and minimal neurologic symptoms.
Evaluación de fibra detergente neutra indigestible con incubación en diferentes especies
Authors: Bettero V.P , Campos A.F. , Dib V. , Del Valle T.A. , Zilio E.M.C. , Teixeira I.A.M.A. , Siqueira G.R. , Rennó F.P.
Published: January 2022

Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a concentração da fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) após a incubação ruminal em bovinos, caprinos e ovinos, e comparar os diferentes resultados com os métodos de estimativa e relacionar os dados com as análises químicas. Quatros forragens (silagem de milho, cana-de-açúcar, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Marandu e Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) dois concentrados (milho em grão e farelo de soja), um subproduto (casquinha de soja) e três amostras de fezes (bovino, caprino e ovino) foram incubadas em novilhos Nelore, cabras Saanen e ovinos Santa Inês. Os animais foram previamente adaptados a dieta experimental por 8 dias e incubação ocorreu por 240 horas. A concentração de FDNi foi mais alta nas amostras incubadas no rúmen de caprinos comparada com amostras incubadas no rúmen de bovinos. A incubação nos ovinos aumentou a concentração de FDNi nas forragens e tendeu a aumentar no concentrado e subproduto em relação a incubação no rúmen de bovinos. A concentração de FDNi foi similar para incubação em ovinos e caprinos. Em adição, as fezes bovinas tiveram alta concentração de FDNi, e as fezes de caprinos tiveram menor concentração de FDNi em relação às fezes de ovinos. O modelo CNCPS subestimou a concentração de FDNi nas amostras. Estimativas da FDN não degradável por Conrad et al. (1984) subestimou a concentração de FDNi na cana-de-açúcar e superestimou a concentração de FDNi no P.maximume concentrados. Em geral, a concentração de lignina foi ocomponente das amostrasmais relacionado com a concentração de FDNi. FDA foi a melhor para forragens (R2 = 0.668) e FDN foi melhor para concentrados (R2 = 0.454). Em conclusão, os processos digestivos das diferentes espécies afetam a concentração de FDNi do alimento. Erros nas estimativas dos modelos foram consideráveis e as características dos alimentos afetam a composição química e concentração de FDNi.
O alinhamento entre os níveis da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional em orações introduzidas por pero no espanhol
Authors: Garcia Talita Storti , Pedro Carolina da Costa
Published: January 2022

A proposta deste trabalho é averiguar o alinhamento entre os níveis das orações introduzidas por pero em dados do espanhol peninsular falado, sob a perspectiva da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008). O juntor pero é concebido na literatura da língua espanhola como conjunção coordenativa adversativa, equivalente a mas do português, ou a but do inglês. Para Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2009), o chamado alinhamento se refere ao mapeamento entre os Níveis Interpessoal, Representacional e Morfossintático da gramática. Os resultados mostram que contextos oracionais introduzidos por pero tendem a se estabelecer nas camadas mais altas do Nível Interpessoal. No Nível Morfossintático, observamos Orações que caracterizam o processo da coordenação. O universo de investigação é embasado no córpus PRESEEA (Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolinguístico del Español de España y de América).
A síncope no latim vulgar e no português
Authors: Carvalho Antonio Carlos Silva de , Módolo Marcelo
Published: January 2022

Tendo em vista a metáfora utilizada por Serafim da Silva Neto em sua História do latim vulgar segundo a qual a língua falada seria um rio e a língua escrita culta a justaposição de camadas de gelo em sua superfície, exploramos certos fatos linguísticos relativos aos metaplasmos (sob a perspectiva da gramática histórica) que, correntes no latim, continuam seguindo seu curso no português. Procuramos restringir o estudo a um metaplasmo de subtração de amplo alcance, a síncope, considerando-o à luz da “lei do menor esforço”. Assim, focamos manifestações desse fenômeno no latim vulgar e no português atual para discutir sua produtividade e conceptualização. Quanto ao corpus, utilizamos o Appendix Probi e palavras extraídas de contextos não-formais, figurantes nas redes sociais, além de termos oriundos de material jornalístico e literário.
Análise comentada do manuscrito “Guia de conversação portuguesa para uso dos libolos”, do padre Renato Robert
Authors: Figueiredo Carlos Filipe Guimarães , Petter Margarida Maria Taddoni , Monte Vanessa Martins do
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho apresenta a conjugação de esforços levados a cabo em história, filologia e linguística de contato, por pesquisadores do Projeto Libolo, com vista à edição semidiplomática parcial e à análise comentada do manuscrito Guia de conversação portuguesa para uso dos libolos pelos missionários da Missão Católica de Calulo, da autoria do padre espiritano Renato Robert (1872-1925). Datado de 1923 e descoberto em 2015, este documento é uma tentativa de registro escrito da gramática da variedade de quimbundo falada na região do Libolo, Angola, cuja colonização se iniciou em finais do século XIX. O manuscrito, enriquecido também com uma listagem de vocabulário do quimbundo libolo (ou quimbundo bolo), importa aos estudos da linguística de contato porque: (i) permite observar se já há incorporação de léxico português no quimbundo libolo, logo a partir do início da sua colonização; (ii) permite cotejar estruturas gramaticais do quimbundo libolo atual, atestadas em dados de fala desta língua recolhidos recentemente pelos pesquisadores do Projeto Libolo, com idênticas estruturas de inícios do século XX patentes no documento, concluindo-se acerca do impacto que o português terá tido, ou não, na evolução diacrônico-estrutural da língua autóctone do Libolo.
From Africa to Jamaica and back: the Atlantic as a dynamic linguistic contact zone
Authors: Hollington Andrea
Published: January 2022

This paper is concerned with Africa and the African Diaspora in Jamaica from a linguistic perspective. It will shed light on linguistic and communicative practices which illustrate the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between Africa and the Caribbean. My objective is to go beyond the approach of traditional (Caribbean) creolistics, which usually investigates African “substrate” influences in so-called creole languages, and to look at the Atlantic contact area as a dynamic zone with mutual and multidirectional influences. This will involve not only the historical dimension of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, through which the African Diaspora in Jamaica, the Caribbean, and the Americas emerged in the first place, but also a focus on the role of the dynamicity of current language practices on identity, language ideologies, linguistic creativity, and agency. An important aspect in this respect is the emblematicity of African elements, as linguistic elements, which are different from ‘Standard English’ (often perceived as the colonial language and the language of the slave master and oppressor), and which are marked in the context of conscious linguistic choices. Moreover, there is an awareness of the African heritage in Jamaican language practices that informs conscious efforts to use African linguistic elements (for instance, names). For many Jamaicans, their African heritage and identity play an important role. This can be observed, in particular, in Rastafari discourses and in Reggae music and culture, which emphasize a strong focus on Africa. These phenomena are also relevant in (Anglophone) Africa, where Jamaican linguistic practices are adopted through the influence of Reggae, Dancehall, and Rastafari. Therefore, this contribution will also feature some examples of how influences from the Diaspora come back to Africa, for example, in music and youth language practices.
The Malay Version of the Attitudes and Beliefs About Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD-M) Risk Questionnaire: A Translation, Reliability and Validation Study
Authors: Said Zarudin Mat , Ismail Tengku Alina Tengku , Hamid Anees Abdul , Sahathevan Ramesh , Aziz Zariah Abdul , Musa Kamarul Imran
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke are a global public health problems and cause high mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge and awareness are critical points in managing the risk in the general population. The Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) risk questionnaire was developed to evaluate the awareness of stroke and CVD risk. Thus, the government can set up a practical risk assessment and management programme. The initiative will encourage people to seek healthcare timely and reduce the possibilities of developing complications.ObjectiveThis study aimed to translate and validate the ABCD risk questionnaire into Malay language and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version in the general population in Malaysia.MethodsThe questionnaire was translated using a standard forward–backward translation method. The validation was perfomed by both expert panels and a potential user group. Next, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine factorial validity. We used Cronbach’s alpha and Raykov’s rho to explore the internal consistency and composite reliability of the 18 items from three domains. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using a robust maximum likelihood estimator.ResultsThe content and face validity indices were determined to be 0.94 and 0.99 respectively. Data were obtained from 179 respondents (mean age, 36.8 years; female, 68.2%; secondary level education, 51.1%). The internal consistency and composite reliability of the domains showed good results ranging from 0.643 to 0.885. The factor loadings of each item were acceptable (>0.3), and the fit indices from the CFA resulted in a good model fit [χ2 (p-value = 0.16), SRMR = 0.054, RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99)]. ConclusionsThe Malay version of ABCD risk questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the awareness of stroke and CVD risk in the general population in Malaysia.
Highly Differentiated Target Detection Method Based on YOLOv3 Model Under Extremely Low Light Conditions
Authors: Yan Chenxu , Shao Haijian , Deng Xing
Published: January 2022

Because of the dark atmosphere created by YOLO v3's poor detection accuracy, the photographs obtained in reality usually considerably improve the difficulty of target detection tasks in extremely low light settings. Under extremely low light conditions, the YOLOv3 model is used to suggest a high-discrimination target detection approach. Target detection is an essential task in the field of computer vision, in which the image is the source of input, but the image obtained in reality may make the target detection task in extremely low light conditions because of the dark environment and poor quality imaging equipment, which increases the difficulty of target detection and affects the accuracy of detection. Therefore, based on the above reasons, this paper proposes a high-discrimination target detection method based on the YOLOv3 model under extremely low light conditions. The low light enhancement algorithm based on dehazing algorithm is improved for restraining the part of the transmission rate less than 0.5 in the pixel, to enhance the contrast of the processed images. The improved low light enhancement algorithm is 5.32% higher based on the evaluation index of target detection than the original images. Coiflet wavelet transform is applied to achieve high-discrimination feature extraction of images and decompose the low-frequency features of image information at different resolutions to obtain high-frequency features in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions. The eventually constructed YOLOv3 network has reduced the negative impact of the detected target on the detection accuracy under the illumination change. The results reveal that the target detection method established in this paper has been enhanced by 40.6% on low light photos when compared to the traditional YOLOv3 model, and it still has considerable advantages in comparison to other benchmark approaches in target detection models.
Infection order outweighs the role of CD4+ T cells in tertiary flavivirus infection
Authors: Marzan-Rivera Nicole , Serrano-Collazo Crisanta , Cruz Lorna , Pantoja Petraleigh , Ortiz-Rosa Alexandra , Arana Teresa , Martinez Melween , Burgos Armando , Roman Chiara , Geerling Elizabeth , Brien James , Pinto Amelia , Mendez Loyda , Sariol Carlos
Published: January 2022

Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are flaviviruses that co-circulate throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. The link between CD4+ T and B cells during immune responses to DENV and ZIKV and their roles in cross-protection during heterologous infection is an active area of research. Here we used CD4+ lymphocyte depletions to dissect the impact of cellular immunity on humoral responses during a tertiary flavivirus infection. We show that CD4+ depletion in DENV-primed animals followed by ZIKV-DENV resulted in delayed viremia followed by increased viral replication in tertiary infections and dysregulated adaptive immune responses compared to ZIKV-primed animals followed by DENV-DENV infections. We show a delay in DENV-specific IgM/IgG antibody titers and neutralization in the DENV-primed CD4-depleted animals but not in ZIKV-primed CD4-depleted animals. This study confirms the critical role of CD4+ cells in viremia control and priming of early and robust neutralizing antibody responses during sequential flavivirus infections. Our results also revealed differential cytokine profiles for both infection sequences regardless of CD4+ status. Our work here suggests that the order of flavivirus exposure affects the outcome of a tertiary infection. Our findings have implications for understanding complex immune responses induced by flaviviruses that co-circulate and develop effective flavivirus vaccines.
Can Life Prior To Death Predict Quality of Death Among Older Chinese? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: LI Jing , Song Liangjun , Peng Xizhe , Hu Zhan
Published: January 2022

Background
The pursuit of a good death is crucial in aging societies. This retrospective cohort study investigated the relation between life prior to death and quality of death among older Chinese.
Methods
End-of-life data reported by relatives of participants (aged 54 and over) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) who deceased between January 2011 and June 2019 were utilised. Life prior to death included health condition (morbid or not) and physical functioning (a latent factor with six indicators). Quality of death was assessed by painlessness and consciousness at death. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to examine the factor structure of physical functioning and Structural Equation Modeling to explore associations between life prior to death and death quality based on sex and rural/urban residence.
Results
Freedom from chronic diseases was found to contribute to high-quality deaths (i.e., being painless and conscious) both directly and indirectly by enhancing physical functioning. Men and women diverged towards end-of-life: women were moderately less liable to illnesses and thus less painful at death. Yet, men functioned much better, and more often remained conscious when dying. Location’s effect was weaker: although rural residents were more prone to painful deaths than urban dwellers, this urban-rural divide was slightly narrowed by rural settlers’ relative health, which also indirectly led to their slight advantage in consciousness at death.
Conclusions
The results suggested that different dimensions of life prior to death predicted quality of death. Additionally, morbidity’s effect on functioning and death quality stresses health management’s role in improving end-of-life experiences.
Rabbit Systemic Glucose Metabolism Map by Total-Body Dynamic PET/CT Technology
Authors: Wang Haochen , Xie Xue , Duan Yanhua , Chai Leiying , Li Kun , Qiu Jianfeng , Chen Zhaoping
Published: January 2022

Background: This study evaluated total-body glucose metabolism in a preclinical lab animal, the rabbit, by employing a dynamic glucose metabolic image obtained with total-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods: The dynamic total-body PET/CT system was used to obtain glucose metabolic imaging from 10 sedated body-matched rabbits. The standard uptake value (SUV) of 18F-FDG was used to evaluate glucose metabolism. In addition, the correlation between glucose metabolism and age was assessed, as well as metabolic differences of the major organs between genders and between left- and right sides. Results: We found a statistically significant distribution of glucose in several organs across the entire body. There were no significant metabolic differences between genders and between bilateral sides in the 10 rabbits. Thereafter, we assayed the major organ SUV changes by dynamic PET/CT of the major organs. The heart, kidneys, liver, and bladder took up more 18F-FDG, whereas the skeletal muscle, brain, spinal cord, and lungs incorporated less 18F-FDG. The phenotype of SUV uptake was highly correlated with the physiological functions. However, the low 18F-FDG uptake in the brain and spinal cord was due to sedation.Conclusions: The total-body glucose metabolic atlas depicted with 18F-FDG dynamic PET/CT may be used as a reference for assessing pathological 18F-FDG uptake. Furthermore, this study could be a reference for lab animal research involving deregulated glucose metabolism.
Spatial-temporal Variation and Health Risk Assessment of Fluoride in Surface Water in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: yang yi , Zhang Ru , Zhang Fengying , Li Yonghua
Published: January 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the “Asian Water Tower” and provides vital drinking water for residents of China and Southeast Asian countries. However, large-scale regional research on water quality in this climate-sensitive and eco-fragile area is still lacking. Considering that drinking from fluoride-contaminated water has posed serious health concerns worldwide, especially in Asian counties, it is urgent to clarify the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and health risk of fluoride in surface water in the TP. In this study, a total of 2697 surface water samples from major rivers and typical lakes in the TP were systematically analysed. Overall, fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.005 mg L−1 to 6.240 mg L−1 and varied among water periods, water basins and even water types. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the distribution of fluoride concentration was closely related to regional climate and positively correlated with anthropogenic activities. Probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that potential hazards in the Inner basin remained highest for all age groups (HR>1), especially for infants and adults (HR>3), while the risks in most other water basins were acceptable (HR < 1). In addition, more than 75% of the residents affected by the surface water in the TP were assessed as having a low fluoride exposure health risk. Our findings can provide scientific support for fluorosis prevention, as well as guide water resource utilization in the TP and adjacent region.
Lung Ultrasound Signs to Diagnose and Discriminate Interstitial Syndromes in ICU Patients: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Two Cohorts
Authors: Heldeweg Micah L.A. , Smit Marry R. , Kramer-Elliott Shelley R. , Haaksma Mark E. , Smit Jasper M. , Hagens Laura A. , Heijnen Nanon F.L. , Jonkman Annemijn H. , Paulus Frederique , Schultz Marcus J. , Girbes Armand R.J. , Heunks Leo M.A. , Bos Lieuwe D.J. , Tuinman Pieter R.
Published: January 2022

Background. Diagnosing and discriminating non-cardiogenic interstitial syndrome (NCIS) and cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) is notoriously difficult in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population. We hypothesized that a comprehensive lung ultrasound exam can be used to accurately diagnose interstitial syndrome and can discriminate between NCIS and CPE.Methods. A single center prospective diagnostic accuracy study was used as derivation cohort and a post-hoc analysis of a multi-center prospective observational study as validation cohort. Consecutive adult ICU patients that received a lung ultrasound examination for clinical or study purposes were included. The reference standard was the diagnosis interstitial syndrome (NCIS or CPE) or non-interstitial syndromes (other pulmonary diagnoses and no pulmonary diagnoses) at the moment of examination based on full post-hoc clinical chart review except lung ultrasound. The index test was a comprehensive lung ultrasound examination performed and scored by a researcher blinded to clinical information.Results. 101 patients were included in the derivation and 125 in validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, patients with interstitial syndrome (n=56) were reliably discriminated from other patients based on the presence of a B-pattern (defined as ≥3 B-lines in one frame) with an accuracy of 94.7% (sens 90.9%, spec 91.1%), while specificity was higher for a bilateral B-pattern (accuracy 86.0%; sens 74.5%, spec 100%). For the discrimination of NCIS (n=29) from CPE (n=27), the presence of bilateral pleural line abnormalities had the highest diagnostic accuracy (94.6%; sens 89.3%, spec 100%) followed by consolidation (76.8%; sens 69.0%, spec 85.2%) and subtle lung sliding (67.9%; sens 62.1%, spec 74.1%). A diagnostic algorithm (BLUISH protocol) using B-pattern and bilateral pleural abnormalities had an accuracy of 0.86 (95%CI 0.77-0.95) for diagnosis and discrimination of interstitial syndromes. In the validation cohort, which included 125 patients with interstitial syndrome, pleural line abnormalities discriminated NCIS (n=101) from CPE (n=24) with a sensitivity of 30% (95%CI 21-40%) and a specificity of 100% (95%CI: 86-100%). Conclusions. Lung ultrasound can be used to diagnose and discriminate interstitial syndromes in ICU patients with moderate to good accuracy. Pleural line abnormalities are highly specific for NCIS, but sensitivity is limited.
Crop Diversification Strategy against Stunting Diversification Index: An Evidence from West Bengal, India
Authors: RAHAMAN HASIBUR
Published: January 2022

The food basket of the world is diversifying towards high-value crops. A diversified cropping system offers multifaceted opportunities to the farmers. The nature of diversification in developing countries is significantly different at both farming and cropping levels; thus, it is felt important to investigate such a study at different land size holding. This study is conducted to examine the trends of crop diversification under different land size classes in the state of West Bengal, which assumes as a representative image of India. The study uses secondary data obtained from Agriculture Census for the year 1995-96 and 2015-16. Gibbs-Martin’s technique is employed for the calculation of the diversification index. Overall analyses reveal that the stunting change in diversification is noted in marginal, small, large, and all land classes. The implication of such growth pushes the rural economy in a skewed direction.
Clinical Results of Double Button Plate Fixation for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Sun Kai , Fan Meng
Published: January 2022

Background The posterior cruciate ligament plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the knee joint. To date, researchers have not reached agreement on which type of ﬁxation material should be used to treat PCL tibial avulsion fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of double button plate fixation in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures.We retrospectively reviewed our database, which was collected prospectively. From January 2019 to January 2020, 33 patients with posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures.Hypothesis To verify the effects of double button plate fixation of PCL avulsion fractures.Methods Patients with posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures were treated with double button plate fixation. The primary outcomes of this study were surgical complications (fixation failure/displacement, implant breakage, nonunion, infection), radiological parameters, and knee function. Secondary outcomes included reoperation rates for the fixation methods and the prevalence of symptomatic hardware causing soft tissue irritation.Results The results showed that double button plate fixation have no incidence of complications and can recovery postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS) function and Lysholm scores.Conclusion The use of double button plate fixation technology has the following advantages: less trauma, shorter operation time, convenient use of instruments and fixtures, and it does not need to be taken out again, thus avoiding secondary trauma. Moreover, the strength of the suture is large, and the tension of the posterior cruciate ligament can be fully reduced by tying the suture band. Double button plate fixation under direct vision is safe and reliable without the need for additional equipment. Even comminuted fractures can also be effectively fixed by knotting.Our results suggest that this technique is a reliable and useful alternative treatment for irreparable rotator cuff tears.Level of Evidence: Case-control study, Level III.
COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: Identification and Interpretation of Global Data
Authors: Swain Ranjula Bali , Wallentin Fan , Lin Xiang
Published: January 2022

The mention of the COVID-19 waves is as prevalent as the pandemic itself. We scientifically identify waves and the breaking points at which they begin and end from the beginning of the pandemic till June 2021. We use the Break Least Square method to determine the significance of COVID-19 waves for global-, regional-, and country-level data. The results show that the method works efficiently in detecting different breaking points. Identifying waves at the country level is more relevant than global or regional levels. Once it begins, and irrespective of the circumstances, the COVID-19 wave takes about 48 days on average to subside. Identifying the correct breaking points is critical to evaluate the impact of various COVID-19 variants and the different pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
A new devise-mediated miniprep method
Authors: BAryshev Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Small-scale plasmid DNA preparation or miniprep is a fundamental technique in estimation cloning experiments and is widely used for DNA methylation analysis in epigenetic research. Current plasmid DNA minipreps use alkali - SDS based method in a three-solution format and require the spin column-based purification steps. This procedure demands the vortexing or pipetting of pelleted by centrifugation bacteria and mixing of solutions manually. Here we describe a centrifuge/mixer-based instrument having an ability to perform centrifugation, vibration, and rotor oscillation in order to perform all steps of plasmid DNA isolation by device only. We found that applying rotor oscillation-driving mixing of solutions added in the lysis and neutralization steps, the homogeneous mixing is achieved within 5 second at rotor oscillation amplitude 45 degrees and oscillation frequency 400±30 rpm, yielding maximal quantity and quality of plasmid DNA. No increase of host chromosome presence in purified by this approach occurs for high copy number plasmids as compared to manually performed miniprep, and indeed, there is a significant decrease in the presence of chromosomal fraction in low copy number plasmids. The supercoiled form of plasmid DNA purified at a rotor oscillation amplitude of 45 degrees does not turn into open circular (OC) isoform when the plasmid is stored for one year at plus four degrees, in contrast to the plasmid purified with rotor oscillation amplitude 270, 180 and 90 degrees. The programmed time-work-efficient protocol of plasmid miniprep installed in the device gives the extreme simplicity of plasmid minipreps speeding up and facilitating the isolation of plasmid DNAs.
Petrography, multi-element geochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis of residual laterites from the Wa-Lawra Belt, NW Ghana: Implications for identifying pathfinder elements of gold
Authors: Sunkari Emmanuel Daanoba , Tetteh Samuel Edem Kodzo , Sumbobo Moses , Demir Yilmaz
Published: January 2022

The Wa-Lawra greenstone belt is located in northwest Ghana and is largely dominated by Birimian metavolcanics, volcaniclastics, and metasediments with some intrusive suites. These rocks are capped by mineralized laterites in most localities, especially in the Kunche area. Previously, regolith materials such as laterites and soils from mixed sources were used to identify pathfinder elements of gold in the belt. However, in-situ (residual) laterites will better represent their underlying formations than transported laterites because transported laterites may contain extraneous sources of element enrichment caused by pollution, which is unrelated to gold mineralization. Therefore, in this study, petrographic studies of residual laterites and statistical analyses of trace element geochemical data of the residual laterites were performed to identify the pathfinder elements of gold in the Wa-Lawra greenstone belt. Six fresh residual laterite samples were used for the petrographic studies, which revealed the dominance of quartz, amphibole, clinopyroxene, hematite, goethite, magnetite, sphalerite, and pyrite. These minerals contribute Fe, S, Ca, Zn, and other elements to the laterites. The geochemical data of 12 residual laterite samples were used for statistical analysis. P-P plots revealed deviations from the normal distribution and outliers in the dataset. Spearman’s correlation revealed that Cu, Ag As, Pb, Fe, and S have moderate-strong positive correlation with Au. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that there are 3 multi-element associations; a) Fe, Pb, Mn, S, Co, Au, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ag; b) Ti, Zr, Sr, Ca, and c) Rb, Y, Zn, As. Factor analysis shows that the occurrence of Pb, Cu, Ag, and As is directly related to the occurrence of Au. Thus, the best multi-element association of Au for exploration purposes is Pb, Cu, Ag, and As similar to the previous findings. Single and multi-element anomaly mapping revealed that geochemical anomalies involving these elements are mainly found around the northern and southern parts of the study area on hills and ridges. The results of this study confirm what has been reported by the previous studies. However, it is recommended that gold exploration in similar terranes should be focused on areas dominated by residual laterites since they will always give a true reflection of geochemical anomalies than transported laterites.
Critical Scenario Identification for Realistic Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems
Authors: Song Qunying , Tan Kaige , Runeson Per , Persson Stefan
Published: January 2022

Autonomous driving has become an important research area for road traffic, whereas testing of autonomous driving systems to ensure a safe and reliable operation, remains an open challenge. Substantial real-world testing or massive driving data collection does not scale, as the potential test scenarios in real-world traffic are infinite and covering large shares of them in test is impractical, thus critical ones have to be prioritized. In this study, we establish a systematic approach for critical test scenario identification with integrated tools and a workflow, to explore the most critical test scenarios and facilitate testing of the autonomous driving functions. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by using two real autonomous driving systems from the industry by collaborating with Volvo Cars. Our main contribution in this work is a feasible and complete tool-chain for critical test scenario identification that is general for testing different autonomous driving systems.
Stimuli to adopt e-government services during Covid-19: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Ninh Nguyen Hai , Dung Tran Manh
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study is to ascertain the critical elements affecting public acceptance and readiness to advocate electronic government services in Vietnam. An online survey was conducted among Vietnamese citizens. The chosen respondents had experience with e-government services. The analysis was utilized with the data gathered from 316 clean and legitimate responses. PLS-SEM analytic techniques and the SmartPLS program were adopted to execute analyzing processes. The findings indicate that three essential factors influenced the adoption of e-government services: (i) perceived service value, (ii) citizen e-empowerment, and (iii) fear of Covid-19. The perceived value of services, fear of Covid-19, and acceptance of e-government services all have a beneficial effect on citizen intention to recommend e-public services. This study suggested three practical implications: (a) leveraging the challenges of Covid-19 pandemic is to promote e-government services; (b) enhancing public service quality and informational quality is critical and vital to adopting e-government services, and (c) promoting citizen e-empowerment, outcomes, values, self-responsibility, and working procedures of e-public services to all citizens is necessary.