bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swiss Women in Chemistry - Two Years Later…
Authors: Reiter Maud , Buller Rebecca , Hevey Rachel , Shybeka Inga
Published: December 2021

The SCS Swiss Women in Chemistry network was launched in September 2019. Under the umbrella of the Swiss Chemical Society, its aim is to create visibility, facilitate networking and provide a supportive community for female chemists in Switzerland across all career stages both in industry and academia. The current article provides an overview on the platform’s activities over the past two years.
Perspectives and Opportunities in Medicinal Chemistry: A View from the Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research Institute in Basel, Switzerland
Authors: Auberson Yves P. , Missbach Martin
Published: December 2021

An opinion on changes and opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland, as seen from the Global Discovery Chemistry platform of the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research in Basel.
Evaluation of the surface quality of spun materials using topothesy
Authors: Blachowicz Tomasz , Koruszowic Michal
Published: December 2021

Topothesy and fractal dimensions were calculated for poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) nanofibers mats obtained by electrospinning. These methods enable quantitatively describing and thus comparing solid-state surfaces and detecting fabric errors. The obtained variety of structural properties results from different substrates and after-treatments, e.g. stabilization and carbonization. The change in spatial morphology was reported for different magnification of images obtained with the use of Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM).
Features of inclusive and sustainable industrial development
Authors: Беспалый С.В.
Published: December 2021

При разработке «Повестки дня в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 года» международное сообщество осознало, что для решения проблемы глобальной нищеты необходима новая парадигма развития. В статье показано, что, расширяя прежний уровень участия в универсальной, трансформирующей и интегрированной повестке дня, применяются новые подходы для ускорения прогресса, отражается взаимосвязь современных экономик, отраслей, обществ и природной среды, а также признается важность инклюзивного и устойчивого промышленного развития для искоренения нищеты. Достижение устойчивого промышленного развития затрудняется компромиссами в пользу экономического роста, что может повлиять на цели в области устойчивого развития, принятые государствами-членами ООН. В этом контексте в статье рассматривается вопрос: что означает инклюзивное и устойчивое промышленное развитие и в какой степени оно влияет при разработке стратегий развития государства? В статье делается вывод о том, что инклюзивный и устойчивый, экономический, промышленный рост может содействовать улучшению жизни населения развивающихся государств. Индустриализация государства и технологическая модернизация промышленного комплекса должна положительно влиять на благосостояние людей и организаций.

In developing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the international community realized that a new development paradigm was needed to tackle global poverty. The article shows that expanding the previous level of participation in the resulting universal, transforming and integrated agenda, new approaches are used to accelerate progress, the interconnectedness of today's economies, industries, societies and the environment is reflected, and the importance of inclusive and sustainable industrial development for eradication is recognized poverty. Achieving sustainable industrial development is hampered by trade-offs in favor of economic growth, which may affect the sustainable development goals adopted by UN member states. In this context, the article considers the question: what does inclusive and sustainable industrial development mean and to what extent does it influence the development of state development strategies. The article concludes that inclusive and sustainable economic, industrial growth can contribute to improving the lives of people in developing countries. Industrialization of the state and technological modernization of the industrial complex should positively affect the well-being of people and organizations.
Export potential of the Altai territory
Authors: Кундиус В.А. , Мазырина Н.И.
Published: December 2021

В статье показан экспортный потенциал Алтайского края, обоснованы тенденции развития экспорта продукции региона, в том числе АПК, приоритеты развития регионального экспорта агропромышленной продукции на основе ресурсного потенциала и возможностей региона. Выявлены возможности развития сельского хозяйства, ориентированного на производство органической продукции. К числу положительных факторов, способствующих интенсификации внешнеэкономической деятельности, относятся такие, как наличие транспортных коммуникаций федерального и международного значения, уровень диверсификации региональной экономики. Сдерживающими факторами являются: отсутствие инновационных производств и товаров и производство аналогичной иностранным образцам продукции.
Design of mechanical devices for the elderly to move and live alone
Authors: Чен Л.
Published: December 2021

With the increasing aging of the population, the demand for elderly assistance machinery is increasing. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing elderly assistance devices and analyzing the daily activities and care needs of the elderly, this paper determines the main functions of the mechanical devices for the elderly to move around alone and proposes a general design scheme. Based on the overall design plan, the main mechanisms such as axillary support mechanism, sitting mechanism, posture adjustment mechanism and wheel mechanism were designed, and the operability and stability of the device were improved through the linkage of the variable cell mechanism. Virtual prototype modeling was carried out by solidworks to verify the rationality of the structure. The device not only has better function, but also has simpler structure and lower maintenance cost, which is more suitable for market demand.
Design of wireless home temperature and humidity detection system based on Zigbee Design
Authors: Ли К.
Published: December 2021

The function of the home control system is to control household appliances and manage the home, manage the environment in which the family is located, and provide occupants with a safe, efficient and convenient learning and living environment. As the technical requirements for wireless communication required are getting higher and higher, the requirements of the home are also getting higher and higher. Due to the advantages of wireless technology, the communication method of the smart home control system now tends to choose the wireless communication method. This paper designs a wireless home temperature and humidity detection system based on Zigbee, which can connect to the network and detect and control the equipment.
Indoor temperature, humidity and illumination control system based on Android
Authors: Ши И.
Published: December 2021

The temperature, humidity and illumination control system designed in this paper is based on Android platform. It is controlled by connecting the mobile phone wifi with the single chip microcomputer, and uploaded to the mobile phone client through wifi serial port technology. Users can collect indoor temperature and humidity data and illumination data through sensors. Through the mobile phone client to control the LED lights and relay switches of household appliances, such as the control of air conditioning, and finally achieve the goal of adjusting indoor lighting and controlling the on-off of household appliances.
Design of servo drive system for machine vision inspection platform
Authors: Ван Д.
Published: December 2021

With the more application of machine vision technology in production practice, most machine vision systems are based on passive vision to measure the target, which has some limitations. Based on the requirements of machine vision platform, a three-dimensional servo movement scheme based on active positioning vision is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the parts of the servo drive system of the platform are selected, calculated and checked, the three-dimensional modeling of the machine vision platform is completed in SolidWorks, and the motion simulation of the servo control system is carried out.
Design and optimization of intelligent cleaning robot in chemical fiber textile workshop
Authors: Ву С.
Published: December 2021

From artificial turf to medical fibers, chemical fiber materials have become a new type of material, and chemical fiber textile materials have long gone beyond the scope of clothing. They play an important role in the fields of medical, clinical, chemical and other fields. The handling is not optimistic. Therefore, this article analyzes the working principle and process of the intelligent cleaning machine, and uses this as the theoretical basis to design the structure of the intelligent cleaning robot for the textile workshop, and then proceed from the functionality and aesthetics to its appearance design and optimization. A simple but distinctive appearance, while also greatly improving work efficiency.
Design of the automatic doffing car for the single-side small cloth roll
Authors: Янг Д.
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency in manual handling of cloth rolls in domestic weaving workshops, this paper designs an automatic cloth drop car device. The device mainly includes a transmission device and a cloth dropping structure. The transmission device includes shafts and other related parts. The cloth dropping mechanism is composed of a frame, rollers and connecting rods. The cooperation between the mechanisms is used to complete a series of movements such as cloth dropping and transfer. And the finite element analysis of the cloth roller hook shows that the cloth drop mechanism is safe and reliable.
Implementation of the regional project ICRBA «Explication of the artistic culture potential of the Altai territory and determination of mechanisms of its use in regional and international tourist projects»
Authors: Мушникова Е.А.
Published: December 2021

В статье кратко рассматриваются итоги работы сотрудников ИКИБА над региональным проектом «Экспликация потенциала художественной культуры Алтайского края и определения механизмов его использования в региональных и международных туристических проектах». Основной целью научного исследования является системная оценка и экспликация художественной культуры Алтая как части национального культурного наследия с точки зрения его актуализации. На основе системного обобщения материалов исследования проведены: описание и анализ наиболее привлекательных с точки зрения туристической деятельности коллекций и отдельных произведений; предложена методика интерпретации объектов художественного творчества в целях раскрытия их в экскурсионной деятельности; предложены методологические подходы к организации туристических маршрутов по специальным темам, связанным с художественным творчеством.
Sobre arbitraje administrativo: el caso de las contrataciones de menos de 8 UIT
Authors: Herrera Giurfa Oscar
Published: December 2021

La forma prevista por el ordenamiento jurídico peruano para contratar con las entidades y empresas del Estado se encuentra en la Ley de Contrataciones; pero en esta norma existen supuestos que permiten su inaplicación, los cuales se dividen en dos grupos: (i) aquellos en los que no se requiere dar cuenta al OSCE de las contrataciones realizadas, como los contratos bancarios o la contratación de notarios, y (ii) las contrataciones que requieren la supervisión del OSCE, como las contrataciones de hasta 8 UIT. Al revisar la Ley de Contrataciones, su reglamento, las directivas y las opiniones del OSCE, podemos advertir que el marco legal de las contrataciones de hasta 8 UIT no se encuentra claramente delimitado, más allá del registro de las mismas en el SEACE, tal como dispone el literal a) del artículo 11.2 de la Directiva 008-2017-OSCE/CD, "Disposiciones aplicables al registro de información en el Sistema Electrónico de Contrataciones del Estado - SEACE”. No obstante, y tal como podemos advertir, regular únicamente la forma de registrar la información de estas contrataciones, dejando de lado aspectos sustanciales como cuál es la normativa aplicable para estas contrataciones y cómo se resolverán las controversias de las mismas, resulta insuficiente. En tal sentido y considerando la importancia de los temas planteados, el presente artículo aborda la posibilidad de incluir un arbitraje administrativo especial como medio de solución efectivo de controversias en las contrataciones de hasta 8 UIT.
Contratos mineros: comentarios sobre cláusulas para facilitar la ejecución de proyectos mineros
Authors: Torres Álvarez Hernán
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se proponen ciertas cláusulas que pueden ser incluidas en los principales contratos mineros celebrados en el contexto de la ejecución de proyectos mineros. Para ello, primero, se describen las principales etapas del ciclo minero para ubicar en cuáles de ellas se negocian y celebran dichos contratos. Posteriormente, sobre la base de escenarios generales, se detallan los contratos necesarios y las cláusulas que podrían ser incorporadas en ellos para asegurar los intereses de las partes desde el punto de vista del negocio minero.
El project finance, las asociaciones público-privadas y la brecha de infraestructura en el Perú
Authors: Nalvarte Salvatierra Pierre
Published: December 2021

La necesidad de cerrar la brecha de infraestructura en el Perú es, creemos, indiscutible. Y uno de los mecanismos más apropiados para el desarrollo de la infraestructura y la prestación de servicios públicos de calidad, sostenibles en el tiempo, son las asociaciones público-privadas (APP). En ese sentido, uno de los aspectos más destacados de las APP es el tipo de financiamiento especial que se utiliza en tales proyectos, conocido como project finance. En el presente trabajo, se analizan brevemente las principales características del project finance, la brecha de infraestructura y la manera concreta como, mediante las APP, se ha impulsado la ejecución de obras de infraestructura pública, utilizando el project finance como modalidad de financiamiento.
Los delitos informáticos y su relación con la criminalidad económica
Authors: Vinelli Vereau Renzo
Published: December 2021

En los últimos meses se han consolidado las operaciones comerciales virtuales como las transferencias realizadas a través de los monederos digitales, lo que demuestra claramente una transformación sin retorno de nuestra convivencia socioeconómica común. Desde marzo del 2020 hasta la fecha, nos enfrentamos a un nuevo modo de adquisición de activos, pago de servicios e incluso formas de trabajo. Esta “evolución” hacia el mundo informático y virtual ha aportado muchos beneficios. Sin embargo, también ha generado innumerables dificultades. Uno de los problemas más relevantes y significativos son las actividades delictivas cometidas a través de los sistemas informáticos, las cuales han sido debidamente reguladas por nuestro legislador nacional en la Ley 30096, Ley de Delitos Informáticos, modificada por la Ley 30171. El presente artículo abordará los delitos de fraude informático y suplantación de identidad, que son los más frecuentes en esta nueva convivencia socioeconómica. Asimismo, se analizará la vinculación entre los delitos informáticos y la criminalidad económica.
THE POSITION OF DAUGHTERS IN BALINESE CUSTOMARY INHERITANCE SYSTEM FROM GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Asih Ni Made Sumerti , Citra Made Emy Andayani
Published: December 2021

The equality of men and women in the inheritance system is a concern in the development of Balinese customary law. Basically, Balinese indigenous people adhere to a patrilineal kinship system. As a consequence, the line is drawn from the father and the heirs are only boys, while girls can only enjoy the assets of their parents as long as they are not married. This condition certainly reduces women's access to economic rights. Whereas, the economic control is very important in life. In this research, two issues are discussed, namely the inheritance system according to Balinese customary law and the struggle for gender equality through the position of women as heirs. Decree of the Pesamuhan Agung Majelis Utama Desa Pakraman Bali Number 01 / KEP / PSM-3 / MDP Bali / X / 2010, dated October 15, 2010 provides opportunities for girls to become heirs with limited provisions. Even so, the position of women as heirs in Balinese customary law is still difficult to be implemented. This is due to a very strong patriarchal culture that places men in higher power relations.
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) PRINCIPLE IN SHARIA BANKING: AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Suryani Suryani , Faisal Yudi Ahmad , Fathoni Muhammad Anwar , Santoso Lukman
Published: December 2021

The implementation of Islamic economy in Indonesia is due to the fact that Islam has a comprehensive and universal teaching in all human life aspects, including economy. One encouraging Islamic banking development in Indonesia is indicated by the operation of banks accommodating the Sharia principles. The rapid development of Sharia banking requires an immediate implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) System to provide a maximum protection for the stakeholders, especially customers. The implementation of GCG is expected to help Sharia banking minimize the poor financing quality, increase the bank assessment accuracy, infrastructure, and business decision making quality as well as become the early detection to high risk business areas, products, and services. The implementation of GCG system is greatly important since Sharia banking is the intermediary institution requiring the public or stakeholders’ trust.
THE SEVERAL UNLAWFUL ACT AFTER NUPTIAL AGREEMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Heriyanti Heriyanti , Pakpahan Elvira Fitriyani , Diana Diana
Published: December 2021

The rule of Constitutional Court has eased on the essential interpretation inherent in the prevailing prenuptial agreement. The prenuptial agreement is understood no longer as the one drawn up prior to the marital process but thereafter as well, as long as it is not against the norms of religion, public order, morals, and third parties. Essentially, it is in accordance Act on Marriage and seemingly more comprehensive than the interpretation of marital agreement of inherence at civil law. The approach method used is a normative juridical approach, the research results obtained state that the implication that the marital agreement can be drawn up either after or before the nuptial execution. The nuptial agreement is compulsory to be legalized on the notarial deed before the execution. The nuptial agreement before or at the moment of marital execution process under the terms that it does no harm to the third part
THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF ONLINE DRIVER FOR PASSENGERS ACCIDENT IN CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW
Authors: Purba Mariah Sonanggok , Sinaga Fixma Raju
Published: December 2021

Online motorcycle taxis have become a favorite public transportation for some people because they are flexible in their activities, can reach places that are not passed by public transportation such as city transportation (public transport), buses, or other types of four-wheeled public transportation. One of the losses experienced by passengers or motorcycle taxi service users is the occurrence of accidents caused by the mistakes of motorcycle taxi drivers. Legal certainty to provide protection to consumers in the form of protection of consumer rights, so that business actors do not act arbitrarily which always harms consumers. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of this study are that most of the Indonesian online motorcycle taxi companies use motorbikes as their means of transportation and receive payment for the services provided, not in accordance with what is stipulated in UULAJ and Government Regulation Number 74 of 2014 concerning Road Transportation. In order to operate the transportation of people not on a route using a public motorized vehicle, the public transportation company is required to have a license to operate the transportation of people not on a route which must meet the requirements. Legal protection for online motorcycle taxi passengers when an accident occurs is divided into 2, namely preventive and repressive legal protection.
REDUCING THE VISCOSITY OF OIL CONTAINING COLLOIDAL PARTICLES ON THE BASIS OF THE FRACTAL THEORY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS BY ULTRASONIC IMPACT
Authors:   Branch of the Russian state university of oil and gas(NRU)named after I.M. Gubkinin Tashkent, Urinov Sobir Nasilloyevich , Sabirova Parizoda Muzaffar kizi , Dobychina Svetlana Olegovna
Published: December 2021

The content of the work consists in obtaining from high-viscosity oil, oil with a lower viscosity, in order to increase oil recovery. Proceeding from the fact that today the most pressing issue is the growth of oil production, amethod for increasing oil recovery was recommended basedon the fractal theory, pressure fluctuations of the studied fluid. This analysis shows that a decrease in oil viscosity can be obtained only at small values of the amplitude of oscillations for a definite long time.Key words:High-viscosity oil, colloidal particles, fractal aggregate (FA), ultrasonic action, fractal theory, shear rate, pressure fluctuation
ACTUALIZATION OF EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Branch of the Russian state university of oil and gas (NRU) named after I.M. Gubkinin Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Usmanova Azizakhon Abdullajonovna
Published: December 2021

The work focuses on the conditions for stimulating the economy in order to expand the boundaries of business activity of the population, especially young people, to achieve the principles of competitiveness and the demand for specialists in the labor market. It has been proved that the level of education of the population, its mobile susceptibility to critical comprehension and self-motivation are the favorable criteria for social and economic achievements. State regulatory standards are given that ensurea high-quality level of the educational sphere in Uzbekistan, positive guidelines for modern forms, types, technologies, innovations of education in the country.Key words: innovative technologies, modular education, sustainable development, socio-economic development.
ANALYSIS OF ERRORS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE TOTAL ERROR OF THERMAL CONVERTERS OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF LIQUID MATERIALS
Authors: Matyakubova Parakhat Mailievna , Ismatullaev Pathulla Rakhmatovich , Avezova Nazokat Ibodullaevna , Makhmudjonov Mirolim Muhammad ugli
Published: December 2021

The papershows that the main sources of error in thermal converters of moisture content are the nonlinearity of the static characteristic, the influence of changes in the temperature of the flow of liquid material and thermal inertia. The results of the analysis determined that errors can be reduced using correction methods.Key words: measurement error, error estimation, classification, source of error, measurementrange, controlrange, дdynamic error, distributions, аstability, сcross-section
WATER SUPPLY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT BRANCH OF THEECONOMIC COMPLEX
Authors:   Branch of the Russian state university of oil and gas (NRU) named after I.M.Gubkin in Tashkent, Makhmudova Shakhnoza Abduvaliyevna
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the problem of transporting water horizontally, vertically and at an incline of 45 degrees at different speeds of water. The results obtained in tabular form and the analysis of these values was carried out.Keywords: flow rate, indicated volume, measured mass, average tempеrature, distilled water temperature, tested water temperature, actual volume.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF ROLLED PRODUCTS
Authors:   Вranch of Tashkent State TechnicalUniversity in Almalyk of Uzbekistan, Tilabov Bahodir Qurbanovich , Isaev Saidabbos Ikromovich , Sherbo’taev Jamshid Abdurazzokovich , Zhurakulov Ikhtiyor Chorievich
Published: December 2021

The article presents the theoretical and practical basis for the production of rolled products in the conditions of a metallurgical plant. The processes of plastic deformation of bodies between rotating drive rolls are shown. The main results of research on rolled products made of rolled steel are presented. The chemical composition, mechanical properties, macro -and microstructure parameters, and strengthening treatments of locally produced rolled steel were studied. It is shown that after hardening treatment, the strength increases and the quality of rolled products improves.Keywords:composition and properties of rolled metal products, plastic deformation process, rotating drive rollers, rolled body, rolled steel, hardening heat treatment, hardness, macro-and microstructure, performance and quality of finished products
The use of carbon nanotubes to increase the sensitivity of the antibiotic determination with a piezoelectric immunosensor
Authors: Shinko E. I. , Farafonova O. V. , Ermolaeva T. N.
Published: December 2021

Conditions for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials for embedding into the discerning layer of a piezoelectric immunosensor are described. The effect of the oxidation method, temperature, and the duration of treatment of nanomaterials with an oxidizing agent on the surface concentration of active functional groups is demonstrated. It is shown that the use of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT) increases the efficiency of their binding to biomolecules and increases the stability of the discerning layer of a piezoelectric sensor when measurements are carried out in liquid media. Conditions for the determination of antibiotics using piezoelectric immunosensors modified with carbon nanomaterial were studied including the choice of immunoreagent concentrations and assessment of the selectivity of antibiotic determination. The CNT-based piezoelectric immunosensors providing rapid, highly sensitive, and selective determination of the analyte at the MRL level and below it in food products and biological fluids are proposed.
Study of the effect of test parameters on the assessment of steel resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion
Authors: Fedorov A. S. , Alekseeva E. L. , Alkhimenko A. A. , Shaposhnikov N. O. , Kovalev M. A.
Published: December 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion is one of the most dangerous types of destruction of metal products in the oil and gas industry. The field steel pipelines and tubing run the highest risk. Laboratory tests are carried out to assess the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion. However, unified requirements for certain test parameters are currently absent in the regulatory documentation. We present the results of studying the effect of the parameters of laboratory tests on the assessment of the resistance of steels to CO2 corrosion. It is shown that change in the parameters of CO2 concentration, chemical composition of the water/brine system, the buffer properties and pH, the roughness of the sample surface, etc., even in the framework of the same laboratory technique, can lead in different test results. The main contribution to the repeatability and reproducibility of test results is made by the concentration of CO2, pH of the water/brine system, and surface roughness of the samples. The results obtained can be used in developing recommendations for the choice of test parameters to ensure a satisfactory convergence of the results gained in different laboratories, as well as in elaborating of a unified method for assessing the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion.
Source Potential of the Fonds of Maternity Hospitals and Wards in Pre-Revolutionary Russia: Second Half of the 18th – Early 20th Century
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Natalia A. Mitsyuk , Anna V. Belova ,   Tver State University, Tver, Russian Federation; N. N. Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Natalia L. Pushkareva ,   N. N. Miklouho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of archival materials of maternity hospitals and departments in Russia in the second half of the 18th – early 20th century stored in the Department for the storage of documents until 1917 of the Central State Archive of Moscow, in the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, in the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region, and in the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. The voluminous files of maternity wards have meager viewing lists and are rarely engaged in historical research. However, introduction into scientific use of documents from maternity wards and medical reports is important for research on social and demographic history and that of childbirth, as well as for the history of everyday life, women's and gender history. Hence springs the purpose of this study, which is to identify the source potential of the fonds of maternity hospitals and departments in pre-revolutionary Russia and information capabilities of medical reports, journals, and maternity cards. The authors have established that materials found in these fonds can be divided into several categories: acceptance cards of women in labor, clinical cards of obstetrics, patient histories. The documents recreate the picture of the development of clinical obstetrics, the daily life of women in labor in the clinic, the interaction of doctors and patients. These materials can be a valuable source for studying the representation of body culture, reproductive behavior, hygiene, sexual socialization. The analysis of archival documents concludes that while in the first decades of their existence, maternity wards ministered to the poor strata of the population in birth of illegitimate children, in the 1910s they catered women from wealthy families. An important result of the comprehensive study of archival material is the discovery of information capabilities of the fonds of pre-revolutionary maternity wards in the central and regional archives of Russia. Pregnancy cards contain extensive history, including data on the first sexual intercourse, beginning of menses, number of pregnancies, age at the time of first pregnancy, thus providing important information on the history of sexual socialization, female physicality, and reproductive culture. A meaningful analysis of these materials allows the conclusion that maternity ward journals, patient histories, midwives' reports contribute to the study of social, everyday, and gender history; and provide new information for studying the history of corporeality, childbirth, sexuality.
Nicholas II’s Post-Coronation Voyage to Europe in Records of the Chamber Fourrier Journal for 1896
Authors:   Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Svetlana A Limanova
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the Chamber Furrier journal of the voyage of Emperor Nicholas II across Europe in 1896. The voyage was made immediately after the coronation ceremony. It was undertaken with an aim of adjusting his notions on the foreign policy of the Russian Empire, and at the same time, in order to implement representative functions. It is the ceremonial side of foreign summits that this unique source reveals. It provides several functions at once: informational, utilitarian, and commemorative. The article sums up the features of this document, the nature of the notes and their content. The source permits to identify the emperor's route, his activities, time and place of contacts with various officials. The notes contain information on vestments of individuals, decoration of premises, usage of state symbols. There are notes of organizational and economic significance. Among the pages of the journal there are characteristic tabs: seating plans, performance programs, menus, and other documents in foreign languages testifying to political and cultural connections. On the basis of the register covering the visits to Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, a general “scenario” of summit meetings can be identified with their key stages and main tasks. Particular attention is paid to recording toasts that were pronounced at ceremonial dinners and were of declarative nature. In fact, they were an official communiqu? of the entire meeting delivered in person. Such texts were fully reproduced on the pages of the Chamber-Fourrier journal in Russian. Other information on diplomatic negotiations was not reflected in the ceremonial journal. Memory of each visit was being written synchronously to its proceedings. Summit meetings were an integral part of the international cooperation. The 1896 voyage presented a new actor on the “European stage,” attracting attention and thereby contributing to the resumption of discussions of general geopolitical situation. The experience of participating in official receptions, as presented in the Chamber-Fourrier journal, was taken into account when developing programs for return visits of the heads of foreign powers to the Russian Empire in subsequent years. On one hand, these notes reflect the “ceremonial side” of the events of national importance; on the other hand, they allow a better understanding of various organizational aspects.
Minutes of Meetings of the District Chiefs of the Krasnogorodsk Region as a Source for Studying the Nazi Occupation in the Kalinin Region: 1941–44
Authors:   Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russian Federation, Bolokina Lyubov A.
Published: December 2021

The article is to study the everyday life of the Soviet population under the Nazi occupation as it remains insufficiently studied yet. One of the author’s tasks is to introduce new sources into scientific use. The study reveals informative capabilities of documents on governance in the occupied territory using microhistorical approach and involving methods of text data analysis. The article reviews minutes of meetings of the staff of civil administration of the Krasnogorodsk region chaired by the German commandant. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War the region was a part of the Kalinin region; in 1941–44 it was under occupation. Then the German commandant was chief representative of the authorities in the region. The staff of the regional administration and its chief (including chiefs of the districts and villages) followed his directions. The districts more or less corresponded to village soviets. The meetings of the commandant with the administration staff were held regularly. The records of meetings found by the author in the fonds of the Velikiye Luki department of the State Archives of the Pskov Region date back to early 1943. The data analysis of the documents suggests that most often discussed issues were administrative and civil order matters, for instance, functions of military and civil administration and forms of their interaction. The job duties and powers of different civil administration staff and their requirements were often clarified, as well as regulations for getting passports and collecting data on population composition and various aspects of the region’s economic life. Much attention was paid to arrangement and implementation of agricultural work, the most difficult matter was lack of draught animals. Deadlines and terms for obligatory delivery of agricultural products were constantly reiterated. Issues related to the social sphere: bread rationing, accommodation of refugees, orphans, and homeless children, their provision with food supplies were mentioned. There are rare references to schools and hospitals mentioning the shortage of funds for their reconstruction and heating. At the meetings ideological work with the attendees was carried out, resulting in moral and material rewards for those who collaborated with Nazis. The commandant constantly reminded of the necessity for recruitment of reliable persons to auxiliary forces and warfare units. Thus, the study of the records shows that top-priority tasks of the invaders were maintaining order and supplying resources to the German army.
On Degree and Methods of Borrowing of Western Scientific and Technical Achievements in the Oil Industry in the Days of Forced Industrialization: The 1930s
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bodrova Elena V. , Kalinov Vyacheslav V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article addresses the issue of implementation of the forced industrialization in the USSR, a topic presently figuring among most controversial. In this regard, such its aspects as technical re-equipment of the oil industry, an industry that was of strategic importance, are of particular interest. The research is based on key principles of historical knowledge: historicism, systematicity, objectivity in order to determine the essence of scholarly disagreements on the degree of borrowing of scientific and technical achievements. The study is to consider the activities of the Military-Technical Bureau under the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) of the USSR in the 1930s. Declassified, but previously unintroduced into scientific use documents allow us to assess how technical documentation, procured by the Soviet intelligence agencies on the instructions of national leadership, was introduced into oil production. The study has proved that a significant number of documents and materials containing technical description of various samples, devices, technologies, and developments was thus obtained. This activity reached its peak in the early 1930s, when the course for import phase-out was clearly outlined due to scantiness of resources for forced industrialization. Most materials found their use in oil industry, the rest remained unused due to shortage of specialists, repression, accusations of sabotage, insufficient coordination of departments or their desire to continue purchasing imported equipment. It has been proved that by the end of the 1930s, oil industry used a significant degree of materials thus obtained. The conclusion is formulated that purchases of latest foreign technologies and equipment and materials obtained by the Soviet intelligence provided cost cuts. A variety of methods used to strengthen the oil industry, including introduction of Western developments, were among the factors that provided the USSR with its fuel resources on the eve of the Great Patriotic War.
Documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the Problem of Safety of Horse Personnel in the Troops of the Central Front in the Spring - Summer of 1943
Authors:   South-West State University, Region, Kursk, Russian Federation, Bayramov Ruslan S , Korovin Vladimir V. ,   South-West State University, Region, Kursk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article studies the organization of the Central front rear agencies’ work with horse personnel on the eve of and during the Battle of Kursk, one of the key events marking the turning point in the Great Patriotic War. Preparation included a set of organizational measures. For timely movement of troops, weapons, and other military property within the newly occupied defense lines, it was necessary to make the most efficient use of all available vehicles. The novelty of the scientific research is due to the fact that the problem under consideration has not received its proper coverage in national and foreign historiography. It draws on the documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to sum up the activities of the rear services of the Central Front in providing livestock, horses used as draught animals, with food and medical care. Snow drifts, and later spring thaw, created serious obstacles to the movement of military and rear units of the newly formed Central Front to their deployment on the northern face of the Kursk Bulge. The retreating enemy destroyed roads and railways, bridges, and other facilities, which the newly liberated territories had to recover in time. Under these conditions, it was largely due to the use of draught animals (i.e. horses) at the disposal of the troops, that it remained possible to carry out rear and front-line transportations. The experience of the Great Patriotic War had drawn a line under the practice of mass use of cavalry in battle. Already in 1941–45, horses were mainly used by the rear services to move units and formations to hard-to-reach areas of deployment, to transport food, fuels and lubricants, medical equipment, etc., as well as for transportation of the wounded and sick to medical institutions. A significant part of army horses died on the battlefield, but, among non-combat losses, mortality from infectious diseases and exhaustion was recorded. As established, the loss of horse personnel in the rear happened largely due to irresponsible and negligent attitude, both on the part of individual officials and of the entire military formations of the Central Front.
“The History Will Weigh, Evaluate, and Judge”: To Publication of the Collective Monograph “Minin: A Portrait against the Background of the Era”
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorobiev Evgenii P.
Published: December 2021

This review of the monograph "Minin: A Portrait on the Background of the Era” assesses the results of studying biography and political activities of the prominent representative of the Bolshevik party, who greatly contributed to the establishment and consolidation of the Soviet power in Southern Russia. The authors of the book have discovered and generalized considerable factual material concerning Sergey Konstantinovich Minin’s formation as a revolutionary and introduced into scientific use a set of documents indicating his place in organizing the defense of Tsaritsyn against the White armies during the Civil War. The review underscores relevance and informational value of work accomplished by the Volgograd historians. The monograph contains materials highlighting the role of local leaders in the Bolsheviks’ confident victory in the elections to the Tsaritsyn City Duma in the summer of 1917; S.K. Minin’s relations with V.I. Lenin and I.V. Stalin; correlation of changes in the party hierarchy with struggles for power in Soviet Russia during the Civil War and in the 1920s. The review notes great value of unique photographs and documents, which have been revealed in the fonds of central and local archives and are being published for the first time. The analysis of letters, leaflets, articles, and telegrams provides an opportunity to trace the evolution of S.K. Minin’s views on the situation in Russia in the era of Soviet formation; his outstanding talent as publicist and propagandist is evident. The reference and bibliographic apparatus of the publication deserves praise. It identifies published and unpublished sources, as well as achievements and gaps in the historiography on the topic. The review contends the importance of the book for revision of conventional assessments of the Soviet historiography concerning the Bolsheviks’ essential role in the overthrow of czarism in Russia, dual power in the center and regions in the spring and summer of 1917, V.I. Lenin’s party coming to power following the Great October Socialist Revolution, “triumphal march of the Soviet power,” brilliant or (after the exposure of the cult of personality in 1956) destabilizing role of J.V. Stalin in the defense of Tsaritsyn. The author of the review contends great subjectivity of the memoirs about S.K. Minin written by his relatives, which are being introduced into scientific use, and continuing underestimation of his role in the revolutionary struggles and the Civil War in Russia. The prospects for further research lie in scientific search and analysis of documents found in the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archives of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg.
Customs Books of the 17th – 18th centuries in Regional Archives of Russia: Some Preliminary Results of Identification
Authors:   National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alexei I. Razdorskii
Published: December 2021

Customs books are the main mass source on the history of domestic and foreign trade of Russia in the 17th – 18th centuries. The main body of these documents is available in various fonds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Customs books are also kept in several other archives, libraries, and museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Scientific literature provides information on the availability of documents of this type in some regional archives of the Russian Federation. However, no systematic identification and registration of customs books in regional archives has been made. In 2019–2020, the author of the article has carried out a survey of several regional archives that, according to the information in scientific literature, store customs books. The survey was mostly carried out in absentia (by sending written requests to the archives and by viewing digitized copies of archival series on the Internet). The information on the customs books found in the regional archives was compared with the data provided in the historiography. The survey has established presence of customs books in eight regional archives, including the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region (23 books), the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region (84), the State Archive of the Voronezh Region (4), the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region (13), the State Archive of the Murmansk Region (1), the State Archive of the Pskov Region (42), the State Archive of the Tyumen Region (201), the Velikoustyug Central Archives (2). In total, 370 such sources have been identified in 34 towns (about 10% of all currently known sources of this type). The revealed customs books date from 1646/47 to 1754. Their overwhelming majority are 18th century documents. The results of the customs books identification in the regional archives are preliminary, since only archives cited in historiography have been examined so far. In addition, the identified corpus of customs books demands clarification and supplementation, since references provided by the archives may be incomplete, and there are inaccuracies and omissions in the series. It is concluded that to collect comprehensive and accurate data on customs books in central and regional archives is only possible de visu.