bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: When Is It Out of Proportion?
Authors: Bartolome Sonja
Published: February 2019

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often present with mild pulmonary hypertension (PH). This finding has been attributed to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, a small proportion of COPD patients will present with moderate or severe elevations in their pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and these patients appear to have worsened symptoms and survival when compared to patients with milder elevations in PAP. The diagnosis of PH in COPD may be difficult, due to inaccuracies in the echocardiographic estimates of PAP in these patients. Additionally, many patients with COPD will also have comorbid conditions such as diastolic heart failure, systolic heart failure, or obstructive sleep apnea, which may cause increased pulmonary pressures through other mechanisms. Clinical trials investigating the effect of PH-specific therapy for patients with PH and COPD have been small, with mixed results. A careful evaluation for other causes of PH and hemodynamic evaluation will help guide medical therapy for this group of patients.
Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Souza Rogerio , Simonneau Gerald
Published: February 2019

Classification of pulmonary hypertension groups patients with similar pathological findings, hemodynamic profiles, and management strategies. Minor modifications have been made to the current classification system, particularly within Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension. This article summarizes the published conclusions of the Fifth World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension task force that addressed the updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiology and Registries
Authors: McGoon Michael D. , Humbert Marc
Published: February 2019

Registries of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are important means by which to characterize the presentation and outcome of patients and to provide a basis for predicting the course of the disease. This article summarizes the published conclusions of the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension task force that addressed registries and epidemiology of PAH.
Insights From the Fifth World Health Organization Symposium Working Group: Definitions and Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Torres Fernando
Published: February 2019

During the Fifth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, the working group on diagnosis and assessment was charged with evaluating the definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as it was established at the Fourth World Symposium. The group also covered related topics such as “borderline PAH,” exercise-induced PAH, and issues surrounding the measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). The working group's discussion specifically addressed the following questions:Should pulmonary hypertension (PH) continue to be defined by a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) ≥25 mm Hg, and should the term “borderline PH” be introduced?Should exercise-induced PH be included as a subset of PH?Should pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) be reintroduced in the definition of PAH?Is pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) of 15 mm Hg adequate to distinguish between pre- and post-capillary PH, and how should it be measured?Should fluid or exercise challenge be used to distinguish patients with PAH from pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH)?Should exercise hemodynamics be used to unmask left sided heart failure?
Nitric Oxide Therapeutics in Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Simon Marc A.
Published: February 2019

Clinical trials of inhaled nitrite to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are ongoing. The pathogenesis of PAH involves smooth muscle hypertrophy as a result of endothelial dysfunction and/or chronic vasoconstriction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator and a primary therapeutic pathway for PAH. This review will address some of the emerging PAH treatment strategies utilizing the NO pathway.
PHPN: Meeting the Challenge of Hospitalized PAH Patients Receiving IV Prostacyclins
Authors: Bartlett Mary
Published: February 2019

In this PHPN column, we invited members from around the country to share their experiences and tips on several aspects of dealing with PAH patients in the hospital setting, particularly related to infusion pumps. Former section editor Martha Kingman, DNP, FNP-C, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, provides valuable insight as an introduction to the topic.
Research Reviews: Vasoreactivity in PAH
Authors: Rich Jonathan D. , Shlobin Oksana A.
Published: February 2019

In this edition of Advances, new section editors Jonathan Rich, MD, and Oksana Shlobin, MD, review the findings from 3 recent investigations than lend support to the argument that vasoreactive PAH is a distinct phenotype and probably a distinct genotype of PAH. Watch for their reports on emerging research with implications for clinicians in future issues of Advances.
Overview of WHO Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
Authors: Barnett Christopher F. , Selby Van N.
Published: February 2019

Background: Left heart disease (LHD) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and is associated with poor patient outcomes, especially among patients undergoing heart transplant evaluation.

Implications for clinicians: Left heart disease should be considered in all patients undergoing an evaluation for PH. Correct management of PH from LHD is to optimize treatment of LHD. Pulmonary vasodilators used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension should not be used in patients with PH from LHD.

Conclusions: Additional research is needed to better understand how PH develops in patients with LHD and to investigate the role for treatment targeting PH in these patients.
Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Clinical Relevance, Management, and Future Directions
Authors: Cogswell Rebecca , Thenappan Thenappan
Published: February 2019

There are currently 6 million Americans with heart failure, and this number is projected to increase to 8.5 million by 2030. One-half of patients with heart failure have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and the prevalence is increasing. HFpEF can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH-HFpEF) and is associated with a worsened disease trajectory when present. It is unclear, however, whether PH is a marker of disease severity or a target of treatment in HFpEF. As PH-HFpEF and pulmonary arterial hypertension share several clinical characteristics, the distinction between these 2 syndromes can be difficult. New classification schemes have been proposed to separate those with passive elevations in pulmonary artery pressures from those with more significant pulmonary vascular remodeling. While these classifications have limitations, they are necessary such that pathophysiology, disease trajectory, and pharmacologic therapies can be studied in specific patient subgroups. In this article, we will review the epidemiology of HFpEF, current definitions for both HFpEF and PH in HFpEF, treatment options, and ongoing clinical trials.
Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Valvular Heart Disease: Aortic and Mitral
Authors: Kaple Ryan Karl , Horn Evelyn M.
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be due to a primary pulmonary vasculature abnormality, but is more often secondary to lung, cardiac, or environmental insults, and is frequently multifactorial. Most commonly, left heart disease is at fault, a subset of which is valvular heart disease (VHD). With sufficient time, most chronic left-sided valve lesions will result in some element of PH. Long-standing PH causes pulmonary vascular remodeling and progressive PH due to reduced vascular compliance. Careful monitoring of VHD progression is critical, both through screening imaging and patient education, in order to properly time intervention to prevent the development or worsening of PH. The primary diagnostic tool in PH due to VHD is echocardiography, while invasive hemodynamic evaluation can be helpful to determine PH etiology or severity when echocardiography is not adequate. The presence of PH in VHD is often an indication for intervention, but it also increases procedural risk. Severe PH, however, has not been proven to preclude safe intervention, but rather should prompt full preprocedural evaluation and close intra- and postprocedural monitoring. Valve replacement or repair can be viewed as a treatment for PH secondary to the valvular lesion. Percutaneous alternatives to surgical interventions are available for some mitral and aortic valve conditions. Though in relatively early stages of development, these less invasive procedures may improve the safety profile of valve interventions. Pulmonary hypertension that fails to improve after intervention should raise suspicion for procedural failure or underlying pulmonary vascular disease (either precapillary possibly in association with interstitial lung disease or scleroderma or secondary to combined pre-/postcapillary PH due to long-standing pulmonary venous hypertension). This review is focused on the pathophysiology, treatment options, and outcomes in patients with PH due to mitral and aortic valve lesions.
Research Reviews
Authors: Rich Jonathan D. , Shlobin Oksana A.
Published: February 2019

In this issue of Advances, section editors Jonathan Rich, MD, and Oskana Shlobin, MD, review findings from 2 recently published studies and discuss their implications on treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease
Authors: Montani David , Girerd Barbara , Humbert Marc
Published: February 2019

As a rare form of pulmonary hypertension, the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) has long remained poorly understood. In this review, we will discuss the distinctions between presentation of PVOD and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and address the importance of early diagnosis in proposing specific management. We will explore the risk factors and conditions associated with PVOD, and describe the challenges surrounding its diagnosis and management.
PH Professional Network: Filtering the Facts: Management of Portopulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Wirth Joel , Stewart Traci
Published: February 2019

Summary of PHPN Symposium Session by Joel Wirth, MD, and Traci Stewart, RN, MSN
Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Novel Extracts of Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna for Antihypertensive Activity in BSO Induced Oxidative Stress based Rat Model
Authors: Khatkar Sarita , Nanda Arun , Ansari Shahid H.
Published: February 2019

Background: Terminalia arjuna (TA) has been reported and explored traditionally for its
cardiotonic properties while the mechanism of antihypertensive effect of TA has not been clearly reported.

Method: The oxidative stress is a major cause for hypertension, hence different extracts of TA having
variable marker yield were evaluated for their antihypertensive effect in buthionine sulfoxamine (BSO)
induced oxidative stress based model. Soxhlet extraction (SE), room temperature extraction (RTE),
microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (USAE) were quantitatively
estimated for marker compounds arjunolic acid and arjunic acid through HPTLC.

Results: The hypertension was induced using buthionine sulfoxamine (2 mmol/kg b.w. i.p.) and results
suggested that the MAE and USAE showed better recovery of systolic blood pressure (110.33±0.10
and 118.33±0.10) and GSH level (3.62±0.07 nmoles/mL and 3.22±0.13 nmoles/mL), respectively as
compared to the positive control group treated with ascorbic acid (Systolic BP: 119.67±0.10, GSH
level: 3.11±0.10 nmoles/mL). The RTE and SE also showed a decrease in hypertension but were having
moderate effect as compared with the standard positive control.

Conclusion: The total percentage yield, the yield of the marker compounds arjunolic and arjunic acid,
the IC50 values for antioxidant activity as well as the antihypertensive effect were in order:
MAE>USAE>SE>RTE that suggested the role of biomarkers arjunolic acid and arjunic acid in reversing
the effect of buthionine sulfoxamine.
The Genetic Variants of IKZF1 Gene Linked with the Growing Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Tayel Safaa I. , El-Hefnway Sally M. , Abo El-fotoh Wafaa Moustafa M. , El-Zayat Rania S.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The zinc finger protein IKAROS (IKZF1) is an essential
transcription factor in haematopoiesis that is involved primarily in lymphoid tissue
differentiation. Many studies have indicated that IKZF1 alterations may be associated
with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but the results remain controversial.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the association of the rs4132601 T/G and
rs10272724 T/C IKZF1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia and to determine whether these genetic variants affect the
clinical parameters and the iron profiles of these children cohort.

Methods:

This case control study was conducted on 170 Egyptian children comprising
of two groups: group (I) included 90 children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia and group (II) comprised of 80 ages and sex-matched healthy control
children. The studied polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR restriction fragment
length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results:

A higher frequency of the mutant GG genotype and G allele of rs4132601 was
found in the patient group than in the control group. The results also showed a
significant difference among the rs10272724 genotypes, with a higher frequency of the
mutant CC genotype and C allele in the patients than in controls. The mutant GG
genotype of rs4132601 and the mutant CC genotype of rs10272724 were associated
with a higher serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation and an older age at diagnosis
of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia than the other genotypes.

Conclusion:

IKZF1 rs4132601 and rs10272724 could be considered significant risk
contributors to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and may impact the iron
profiles in these children.
Impact of Active Antihyperglycemic Components as Herbal Therapy for Preventive Health Care Management of Diabetes
Authors: Kashyap Harsha , Gupta Sarika , Bist Renu
Published: February 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic hyperglycemic condition that progressively develops, effect small and large sensory fibers in the affected population. It has various complications as hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease as well as peripheral neuropathy. Sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, metformin, biguanidine, acarbose and insulin are commonly used drugs for diabetic patients, but these all have certain side effects. Even metformin, that is known as the miracle drug for diabetes has been found to be associated with side effects, as during treatment it involves complications with eyes, kidneys, peripheral nerves, heart and vasculature. In the present article, we hypothesize recent discoveries with respect to active ingredients from Indian medicinal plants i.e., polypeptide-p (protein analogue act as artificial insulin), charantin (a steroidal saponin), momordicin (an alkaloid) and osmotin (ubiquitous plant protein and animal analogue of human adeponectin) possessing anti-hyperglycemic potential for diabetes type II. Therefore, plants as herbal therapy have preventive care of hyperglycemia accompanied with healthy lifestyle which can provide significant decline in the incidences of diabetes in future.
Docking Assisted Prediction and Biological Evaluation of Sideritis L. Components with PTP1b Inhibitory Action and Probable Anti-Diabetic Properties
Authors: Eleftheriou Phaedra , Therianou Ekaterini , Lazari Diamanto , Dirnali Stavroula , Micha Anna
Published: February 2019

Background:

The main characteristic of Diabetes type II is the impaired activation of intracellular
mechanisms triggered by the action of insulin. PTP1b is a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase that
dephosphorylates insulin receptor causing its desensitization. Since inhibition of PTP1b may prolong
insulin receptor activity, PTP1b has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes II. Although a
number of inhibitors have been synthesized during the last decades, the research still continues for the
development of more effective and selective compounds. Moreover, several constituents of plants and
edible algae with PTP1b inhibitory action have been found, adding this extra activity at the pallet of
properties of the specific natural products.

Objective:

Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae) is a herbal plant growing around the Mediterranean sea which is included
in the Mediterranean diet for centuries. The present study is the continuation of a previous work
where the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the components of Sideritis L. were evaluated
and aimed to investigate the potential of some sideritis’s components to act as PTP1b inhibitors, thus
exhibiting the beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes II.

Methods:

Docking analysis was done to predict PTP1b inhibitory action. Human recombinant PTP1b
enzyme was used for the evaluation of the PTP1b inhibitory action, while inhibition of the human LAR
and human T-cell PTP was tested for the estimation of the selectivity of the compounds.

Conclusion:

Docking analysis effectively predicted inhibition and mode of inhibitory action. According
to the experimental results, four of the components exhibited PTP1b inhibitory action. The most active
ones were acetoside, which acted as a competitive inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4 µM and lavandufolioside,
which acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor, with an IC50 of 9.3 µM. All four compounds exhibited increased
selectivity against PTP1b.
What will Become of the Taxpayer Investment in Public Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking?
Authors: Harris David T , Israel Scott
Published: February 2019

Cord Blood (CB) is a unique and readily available source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. CB also contains other types of stem cells, including endothelial stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, that may prove useful in non-traditional clinical uses. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that CB stem cells lie somewhere between mature stem cells like those found in Bone Marrow (BM), and fetal stem cells. After 25 years of clinical experience, CB is now used in the same fashion as BM for all typical malignant and genetic diseases treated by bone marrow transplant. Due to the establishment of CB banks in the US and abroad, more than 35,000 CB transplants have been performed over the past 25 years. An average of 700-800 CB transplants are performed annually. In addition, CB is now used more frequently for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. At first glance, it seems that everything could not be better with the public cord blood banks and the use of their samples in the clinic. However, a recent report by the Rand Corp. reviewed the US national cord blood stem cell banking program and detailed many ongoing problems. However, some details were omitted from the report that would shed some light on the causes of many of the problems. This paper will summarize the status of the public cord blood stem cell banking program in the US, detail the problems associated with the program that could jeopardize its existence and suggest possible solutions to resolve these issues.
Drug Overdose-Induced Coma Blisters: Pathophysiology and Clinical and Forensic Diagnosis
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo J.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Coma blisters or coma bullae are bullous lesions that have been associated with cases of drug overdose-induced coma. Previous history of suicide attempt by administering benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol, antipsychotics, antidepressants or opioids have been particularly implicated. Patients may present also painful deep skin and soft tissue involvement, edema and functional impairment. The pathophysiology remains unknown and lesions are usually self-limited and typically resolve without scarring.

Objective:

This work aims to fully review the state of the art regarding the causes pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of drug overdose-induced coma blisters.

Conclusion:

Coma blisters are a benign, self-limiting condition that should be suspected in patients who develop pressure blisters several hours after an altered state of consciousness.
STRATEJİK YÖNETİM ÇALIŞMALARININ ÖRGÜT İÇİ GÜÇ ÖRÜNTÜSÜNÜ ŞEKİLLENDİRMEDEKİ ROLÜ: KAMU KURUMLARI ÜZERİNDEN ÇOKLU ÖRNEK OLAY İNCELEMESİ
Authors: TAŞ Ali , ÖZTÜRK Oğuzhan , ARSLAN Şeyma
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kamu kurumlarındaki
stratejik yönetim çalışmalarının örgüt içindeki güç örüntüsünü hangi güç
alanları ve kaynakları üzerinden şekillendirdiği sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Yöntem: İfade edilen amaç çerçevesinde çalışma çoklu örnek olay çalışması
şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmaya
stratejik planlarını kendileri hazırlayan 7 kamu kurumu dâhil edilmiştir. Bu 7
kurumdan 11 kişi ile yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, örnek olay
çalışmalarının gerçekleştirildiği dönem içerisinde araştırmacı tarafından
yapılan gözlemler vasıtasıyla da bir dizi veri toplanmıştır. Gözlem ve mülakatlara ek olarak çalışmada
kurumlara ait ve araştırmaya yön veren amaç çerçevesinde veri niteliği taşıyan
dokümanlarda araştırmada kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler literatürdeki
vurgulardan hareketle oluşturulan göstergeler temel alınarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular:
Verilerin
analizi stratejik yönetim çalışmalarının örgüt içi güç örüntüsünü değiştirmede
bir araç olarak kullanıldığına ve bu özelliğinden dolayı örgüt içi güç
örüntüsünü belli şekillerde etkileyebildiğine işaret etmektedir.

Sonuç:
Örgütsel
bağlama özgü faktörlerin hem örgüt içi güç örüntüsünü etkileme derecesinde ve
yönünde hem de bir araç olarak kullanımında belirleyici olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Theme: Teaching Gender, Class and Race in the Classroom
Authors: Lejla Music
Published: February 2019

Race and ethnicity represent the constructs that are political and used in order to make distinctions in between the human into ethnic groups (Turner, 2006, p. 490). According to Turner (2006, p. 490) there is difference in between the race and ethnicity. Race represents: “genetically transmitted characteristics popularly associated with different human groups, such as skin color, facial features, hair texture, and body type”. Ethnicity distinguishes groups through the language, nationality and religion as distinctive characteristics. Racial and ethnical relations are interactions in between the humans to which different racial and ethnical differences are ascribed at their birth. This paper analyses gender dimension of racial and national emotions. Empirical part of the paper focuses onto the analyses of racial emotions and behaviors, in order to examine the emotions towards the gender dimension of race in the group of students. The emotions towards the races and ethnicities are complex and represent one of the greatest problems of the contemporary since they produce racial and ethnical violence. Gender dimension of these emotions involve the marginalization, and discrimination against women giving the notion into the real position of the women in society as a group, and their vulnerability to racial and ethnical violence. In order to analyze the way in which, the race can be thought in the classroom, it is necessary to examine the opinion of the students, on the race. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the fight against racial and gender discrimination can unite all persons regardless of gender or color of their skin. Postcolonial and multicultural feminisms unite all the women and feminist in order to stop discrimination on the basis of the race, class, ethnicity, gender. Key terms: race, ethnicity, violence, women’s movement.
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison: secukinumab versus infliximab in biologic-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Strand Vibeke , McInnes Iain , Mease Philip , Nash Peter , Thom Howard , Kalyvas Chrysostomos , Hunger Matthias , Gandhi Kunal , Pricop Luminita , Jugl Steffen , Choy Ernest
Published: February 2019

Aim:To compare secukinumab with infliximab in biologic-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis using matching-adjusted indirect comparison.Patients & methods:Individual patient baseline data for secukinumab were matched to published aggregate data for infliximab by key baseline characteristics, with matching weights determined by logistic regression, and used to recalculate American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses for secukinumab, for comparison with infliximab.Results:There were no differences in outcomes between secukinumab and infliximab at weeks 6/8 and 14/16. At weeks 24 and 54/52, ACR 20 responses were higher with secukinumab 150 mg than infliximab. At week 54/52, ACR 20/50 responses were higher for secukinumab 300 mg than infliximab.Conclusion:In the mid to long term, patients receiving secukinumab were more likely to achieve ACR 20/50 responses than those receiving infliximab.
DIREITO, ESTADO E A GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL: UMA ANALISE CRÍTICA ANTE A CONFIGURAÇÃO DE UMA SOCIEDADE INTERNACIONAL COMPLEXA
Authors: Antunes de Miranda José Antunes , Barcelos Corrêa Janaína
Published: February 2019

A globalização trouxe novos atores e níveis de produção jurídica questionando a soberania do Estado, enfraquecendo a força normativa das Constituições e promovendo a governança global. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar de forma crítica o papel do direito frente ao atual processo de globalização em um mundo cada vez mais absorvido por práticas de governança global onde se observa casa vez mais a diminuição da aplicação de princípios tipicamente de matriz constitucional na esfera jurídica internacional. Realizou-se um estudo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica procurando identificar a discussão sobre a evolução normativa das ações de governança global. Concluímos que a coexistência de diferentes atores e instituições formais de governança não significa que o estado-nação e as instituições intergovernamentais tenham perdido importância.  O Estado nação é uma constituição histórica, mas mutável, e o monopólio, o exercício da autoridade, não pode ser a ele exclusivo em um mundo de características cada vez mais complexas e interdependentes.Palavras chaves: Globalização. Soberania. Estado-Nação. Constituições. Governança.
COMPARTILHAMENTO DE DADOS E PERSECUÇÃO DO CRIME DE BRANQUEAMENTO DE CAPITAIS NO ÂMBITO DOS PARAÍSOS FINANCEIROS
Authors: Canestraro Anna Carolina
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as dificuldades trazidas pelos paraísos financeiros quando na investigação do crime de branqueamento de capitais, isto é, em decorrência, principalmente, do sigilo bancário e consequente sigilo de identidade de sócios e investidores. Em sendo assim, a fim de se trazer uma resposta para essas dificuldades, o trabalho destaca as iniciativas no âmbito da Cooperação Internacional no sentido de haver uma relativização desse direito de sigilo para um consequente aumento no compartilhamento dessas informações, essenciais para o efetivo combate ao crime de branqueamento de capitais.
O ESTADO BURGUÊS COMO CONSTRUÇÃO ESTRUTURANTE DO ENCARCERAMENTO E GENOCÍDIO DO POVO PRETO NO BRASIL
Authors: Prata Caio Luís , Leite Taylisi de Souza Corrêa
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho tem por escopo realizar uma análise da evolução do poder punitivo estatal, considerando-o como meio disciplinante dos corpos marginalizados, criados por um sistema cuja essência manifesta-se na verificação de desigualdades sociais. Assim sendo, orienta-se a encontrar elementos suficientes para que o referido estudo seja feito com vistas à dinâmica racial brasileira, responsável por reificar e violentar o povo preto, atribuindo-lhe, como local devido, os calabouços do cárcere. Tendo por referencial a criminologia crítica e o método científico do materialismo histórico-dialético, o trabalho, vale-se de pesquisa histórico-documental para proporcionar uma leitura jurídico-sociológica das dinâmicas de poder, a fim de que se possa conceber como a estruturação dos preceitos fundantes da estrutura jurídica e, consequentemente, responsáveis por possibilitar a ereção do próprio ente estatal, servem, coadunados às ações omissivas e comissivas por parte do corpo social, à edificação da conjuntura que, atualmente, se implanta, no Brasil: a do encarceramento em massa e o genocídio do povo da diáspora.
MULTICULTURALISM IN BRAZIL: PROTECTING THE UNBORN AND THE CHILD BASED ON BIOETHICS
Authors: Cardin Valéria Silva Galdino
Published: February 2019

The emergence of plural societies with different traditions reveals the need to expand the concept of human rights in a multicultural dimension, including the right to difference, identity and the preservation of ethnic cultures. Ethics must be the measure of respect for multicultural identity, and when it comes to issues related to science and the quality of life of human beings, it must be applied the principles of bioethics. In Brazil, different traditions and beliefs coexist in each region of the country, in the Indian tribes, etc. These groups have different values regarding the family system, especially on how to treat the unborn child and the child. The principles of bioethics can be used as a limit when the cultural practices violate the rights of minors. Finally, considering human dignity, intercultural dialogue is the most suitable alternative to protect the unborn child and infant, and at the same time to ensure respect for cultural identity. For this, the government should implement public policies that promote the right to difference, valuing the culture of other peoples, with the effective participation of those who comprise the society.
A VIABILIDADE DA CONDENAÇÃO DE OFÍCIO NOS PROCESSOS TRABALHISTAS ENVOLVENDO DUMPING SOCIAL GERADO PELA EXPLORAÇÃO DE TRABALHO ESCRAVO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Ramos Rogerio Santa Brigida da Costa , Chaves Valena Jacob
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a viabilidade, pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, da condenação de ofício, pelo Poder Judiciário Trabalhista, nos casos de dumping social decorrente de trabalho em condições análogas às de escravo. O dumping social é um conceito utilizado no direito do trabalho para identificar o dano social provocado por casos de reiterados e dolosos descumprimentos de normas trabalhistas por um mesmo empregador, com o intuito de reduzir custos de produção para gradativa eliminação da concorrência e exacerbado aumento dos lucros. Por também se tratar de desrespeito a normas trabalhistas que diminui custos de produção e aumenta ilicitamente os lucros, verifica-se que a exploração de mão de obra escrava contemporânea, mesmo sem reincidências, resulta em dumping social. Sendo ambas as práticas reprovadas juridicamente no Brasil, propõe-se, como opção de enfrentamento pelo Estado e, mais especificamente, pelo Poder Judiciário Trabalhista, a condenação de ofício dos empregadores ao pagamento de indenização pelo dumping social causado pela exploração de trabalho escravo contemporâneo. A fim de promover a reflexão a respeito da temática e demonstrar a viabilidade jurídica da proposta, são apresentados fundamentos legais, doutrinários e jurisprudenciais contra e a favor daquela. O presente trabalho conduz ao entendimento de que a iniciativa judicial debatida é viável, cabendo sempre a apreciação de cada caso. Os argumentos utilizados, todavia, podem e devem ser revistos pelos interessados em contribuir com o assunto.
O ABUSO E A EXPLORAÇÃO SEXUAL DE MULHERES PELOS PEACEKEEPERS NAS MISSÕES DE PAZ: A EFICÁCIA DAS MEDIDAS ADOTADAS PELA ORGANIZACÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA QUESTÃO
Authors: Valler Zenni Alessandro Severino , Lourenço Tach CYNTHIA , AIRES FERNANDA DINIZ
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar o abuso e a exploração sexual (AES) de mulheres cometidos pelos peacekeepers nas missões de paz da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Busca-se, portanto, neste estudo, expor brevemente o histórico do AES de mulheres cometidos pelos soldados da ONU nas missões de paz para, em seguida, apresentar as principais medidas adotas pela Organização no enfrentamento do problema nos últimos anos. Por fim, o artigo identificará as falhas apresentadas na implementação dessas medidas, bem como apontará possíveis alternativas a serem adotadas na solução das mesmas. O trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa maior e tem por fundamento teórico a literatura do direito penal internacional e de gênero, com recurso a livros e artigos nacionais e estrangeiros, além de consultas a fontes primárias, tais como os documentos da ONU. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o procedimento adotado foi o histórico, bibliográfico e documental.
AS RESOLUÇÕES N. 1805/2006 E 1995/2012 DO CONSELHO FEDERAL DE MEDICINA E O ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Orselli Helena De Azeredo , Rosa Matheus Freiberguer
Published: February 2019

Este artigo trata da possibilidade de o paciente terminal escolher não se submeter a tratamentos médicos. A ortotanásia é meio pela qual o indivíduo com uma doença terminal aceita a morte e aguarda com que ela chegue em momento adequado. Esta prática utiliza métodos paliativos para que o paciente terminal tenha sua dor e sofrimento amenizados, e sua qualidade de vida aumentada. A Resolução n. 1805/2006 do Conselho Federal de Medicina permite ao médico limitar ou suspender o tratamento que prolongue a vida do paciente terminal, respeitando a vontade da pessoa ou seu representante legal, entretanto, segundo essa mesma Resolução, o paciente terminal terá de receber todos os cuidados necessários para aliviar o sofrimento e a dor advindos da doença. A Resolução n. 1995/2012 do Conselho Federal de Medicina define as diretivas antecipadas de vontade como instrumento pelo qual a pessoa capaz manifesta seus desejos sobre os cuidados e tratamentos que deseja ou não receber quando estiver incapacitado para se expressar livre e autonomamente. Essas Resoluções não são normais jurídicas, mas podem servir de amparo ético para as decisões tomadas acerca do caso concreto.
RUMO À SOCIEDADE DO CONHECIMENTO: PROPOSTAS INOVADORAS PARA O MUNDO ÁRABE
Authors: Cidrão Taís Vasconcelos , Da Silva Alexandre Antonio Bruno
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho tem como escopo principal analisar a relação existente entre a educação, capital humano e como esses fatores são primordiais para o desenvolvimento da região árabe (este último entendido sob a perspectiva mais abrangente elaborada por Amartya Sen). Para tanto será utilizado, à título de exemplo, o incentivo à melhora educacional de meninas e mulheres árabes, de como elas tem um importante papel nessas sociedades patriarcais e como seu empoderamento poderia beneficiar a população como um todo. Através de um estudo eminentemente bibliográfico e documental, também foi avaliado o papel dos meios de comunicação em massa, mais especificamente da mídia (seja ela televisiva, jornalística etc.), na construção de uma “sociedade do conhecimento”. O presente artigo, portanto, abraça e defende a busca por Estados muçulmanos mais igualitários e justos, em que a educação seja um dos fatores fundantes das políticas públicas locais e regionais. Será defendido esse posicionamento sem, contudo, transformar o discurso reformista em secularizado ou ocidentalizado, pois as propostas apresentadas sugerem uma reforma de “dentro para fora”.
CIDADANIA DIGITAL: DIREITOS, DEVERES, LIDES CIBERNÉTICAS E RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nunes Danilo Henrique , Lehfeld Lucas Souza
Published: February 2019

A Internet é hoje a mais poderosa ferramenta de comunicação, pesquisa e entretenimento utilizada pela humanidade em uma escala global. Entretanto, o comportamento individual e coletivo das pessoas na internet em muito se diferente da conduta social comum de tais pessoas, o que não significa necessariamente que a internet é tida como “terra de ninguém”, isentando as pessoas de uma conduta adequada nos espaços digitais. Dentro desse contexto emerge o conceito da Cidadania Digital, correspondente ao uso das inovações tecnológicas de modo adequado, estabelecendo uma série de quesitos condizentes com o comportamento dos usuários e o uso em caráter geral da internet e de outras plataformas digitais. O presente artigo científico aprofunda conhecimentos acerca da Cidadania Digital, passando por questões jurídicas como os Direitos e Deveres, as lides decorrentes da via digital e as questões envolvendo a responsabilidade civil dos usuários, correlacionando o ordenamento jurídico pátrio e o conceito da cidadania digital. A pesquisa orientou-se pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, lastreada em livros, artigos científicos e publicações em sites institucionais, bem como na legislação brasileira.
POLÍTICA, ENERGIA E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: DA CONSTRUÇÃO DE HIDRELÉTRICAS NO RIO URUGUAI SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA DOS SISTEMAS AUTOPOIÉTICOS
Authors: Fornasier Mateus De Oliveira , Rogerio Marcele Scapin
Published: February 2019

Este artigo observa comunicações sobre os impactos ambientais que envolvem a construção de hidrelétricas no âmbito do meio ambiente (sistema natural) e do subsistema social da Política – mediante edição de leis e outras normativas, demonstrando-se que a observação de segunda ordem colabora para uma observação mais eficiente dos efeitos indesejados subsequentes à construção de barragens hidrelétricas. Toma-se como exemplo a construção de hidrelétricas no Rio Uruguai, onde se analisa como o subsistema político e o natural comunicam as questões que devem ser enfrentadas a respeito de hidrelétricas e de que modo ocorre entre os subsistemas irritação por meio do acoplamento estrutural. Ainda, como a auto-observação sistêmica pode ser eficiente no sentido de colaborar com leis mais coerentes para que tanto a necessidade de energia elétrica seja suprida, quanto também seja dada a devida importância ao meio ambiente natural. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o sistêmico-construtivista, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
CONFLITO ENTRE OS INTERESSES EMPRESARIAIS E COLETIVOS NA ERA DO INFORMACIONALISMO: O CASO DA APPLE E DO WHATSAPP
Authors: Nadim de Lazari Rafael José , Ribeiro Raphael
Published: February 2019

A internet e as tecnologias telemáticas foram agentes alteradores do mercado, propondo uma nova economia mundial, baseada na informação. O novo espaço juntamente com a nova economia fomentaram empresas que detêm como seu único patrimônio a informação e a sua troca e veiculação. Dentro deste cenário, destacam-se os casos da Apple e o Whatsapp, que por sua postura protetiva com a informação de seus usuários, foram alvo de decisões judiciais que determinaram a abertura da comunicação de seus clientes para auxílio em investigações criminais. A postura adotada pelas empresas levou a medidas de desaceitação por parte de governos dos quais originaram as medidas. Neste cenário discutiu-se o conflito entre fundamentos constitucionais, aplicando método de valoração para solução do conflito entre os mandamentos constitucionais para fim de resolução harmoniosa.
Navios e poluição do ar: um estudo sobre a regulação das emissões atmosféricas por embarcações um estudo sobre a regulação das emissões atmosféricas por embarcações
Authors: Zanella Tiago Vinicius
Published: February 2019

A poluição do ar por navio causa danos ao ambiente cada vez mais perceptíveis. Regra geral, a emissão de gases na atmosfera causa uma poluição não tão visível se comparada a outras formas de poluição, como o derramamento de petróleo. Todavia, com o significativo aumento da navegação marítima nas últimas décadas, houve também um expressivo aumento da poluição atmosférica por embarcações. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar como o direito internacional regulamenta e limita as emissões atmosféricas das embarcações para proteger o meio ambiente. Assim, não obstante o respeito ao princípio da liberdade dos mares, são instituídas regras limitando a atuação dos navios para controlar a emissão de gases poluentes na atmosfera. Pretende-se assim entender como o direito internacional atua sobre a questão e quais as consequências para a navegação internacional e para o meio ambiente marinho de tal regulação.
Surveying contemporary latin American international security approaches and themes
Authors: de Conti Pagliari Graciela , Bragatti Milton Carlos
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article is twofold: provide a brief review of the most recent handbooks of International Security in Latin America published in English language and, by doing so, provide a brief mapping and evolution of the main themes, issues and theories used to study the international security in Latin America as these are reflected in these handbooks. In a region where many scholars diagnose a theoretical and methodological gap/ deficiency, the four handbooks selected in this text pave the way to more powerful approaches to understand and explain security and defense in Latin America.
WOMEN'S EXISTENCE IN CHRISTINA ROSSETTI'S 'BRIDE SONG' POEM (EKSISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM PUISI 'BRIDE SONG' KARYA CHRISTINA ROSSETTI)
Authors: Winarti Winarti
Published: February 2019

This article aims at describing women existence as reflected on Bride Song poem written by Christina Rossseti. Rossettiâ€™s view on womenâ€™s lives was inspired much by her awareness toward the their conditions in Victorianâ€™s era. In the meantime, women were shaped to be an individuals who fulfill the ideal standard as preferred by men. By Bride Song, Rosetti tried to break patriarchal domination toward women. She wanted to turn back the existence equivalence between men and women based on human rights. She also attemped to open the worldâ€™s perspective to accept womenâ€™s existence as important as menâ€™s and not just a binary opposition of it. Womenâ€™s existence in Bride Song is not only a struggle against menâ€™s domination in Victorian era, but it alsoÂ  has relevance with contemporary issues on womenâ€™s struggle to show their existence in this modern era.
Optimization of bioethanol production from soybean molasses using different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Roncevic Zorana , Bajic Bojana , Dodic Sinisa , Grahovac Jovana , Pajovic-Scepanovic Radmila , Dodic Jelena
Published: February 2019

Bioethanol technology represents an important scientific research area because of the high market value and wide availability of its primary and by-products. Worldwide interest in utilizing bioethanol as a renewable and sustainable energy source has significantly increased in the last few years due to limited reserves of fossil fuels and concerns about climate change. Therefore, improvement of the bioethanol production process is a priority research field at the international scale, due to both economic and environmental reasons. The aim of this study was to optimize production of bioethanol from soybean molasses based media using response surface methodology. Three different strains of the yeast Saccharomices cerevisiae, commercially available in dried form, were used as production microorganisms, and the best results were obtained by using dried baker?s yeast. The results of optimization of alcoholic fermentation using dried baker?s yeast indicate that the highest value of the overall desirability function (0.945) is obtained when the initial sugar content is 18.10 % (w/v) at the fermentation time of 48.00 h. At these conditions the model predicts that bioethanol concentration is 8.40 % (v/v), yeast cell number 2.21?108 cells/mL and the residual sugar content is 0.35 % (w/v).
Synthesis of dendritic silver nano powder using pulsing electrolysis in ammonia solution
Authors: Soltanzadeh A. , Shahini S. , Rashchi F. , Saba M.
Published: February 2019

A method to produce nano silver structures with high purity is pulsing electrolysis. In this paper the effects of potential, ammonia concentration (NH3), silver ion concentration [Ag+], total time, Ton, Toff and Trev on this process were studied. The considered parameters were varied as follows: electrical potential = 5 ? 10 V; [NH3] = 40 ? 80 g/L; [Ag+] = 0.1 ? 0.5 g/L; total time = 15 ? 30 min; Ton = 1 ? 8 ms; Toff = 1 ? 8 ms; and Trev = 0 ? 4 ms. In order to optimize these parameters, the fractional factorial design of experiments was used. A silver dendritic structure was produced with nano size arm. The phase composition and morphology of the synthetized dendritic silver nanostructures was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The optimum condition to synthesize the dendritic silver nano powders were 7.52 V; [NH3] = 64.75 g/L; [Ag+] = 0.45 g/L; total time = 17.59 min; Ton = 6.97 ms; Toff = 4 ms; and Trev = 1.89 ms. A mathematical model was also presented. The predicted silver nano size dendrite arm at the optimum condition was found to be 87.29 nm which was very close to the experimental value of 90 nm.
Thermodynamic properties prediction of Mg-Al-Zn melts based on the atom and molecule coexistence theory
Authors: Zhang Man-Cang , Duan Sheng-Chao , Xu Rong-Huan , Zou Ming , Dong Shi-Wen , Guo Han-Jie , Guo Jing
Published: February 2019

A developed and verified thermodynamic model based on the atom and molecule coexistence theory (AMCT) is employed to predict activities relative to pure liquids in standard state in Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Al-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn melts through the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units, i.e., Ni. According to AMCT, Ni can be extrapolated and calculated by the chemical equilibrium constant of a structural molecule, i.e., Ki, in the Mg-Al-Zn ternary system and binary subsystems. In this paper, the standard Gibbs free energy function, for reported activities and mixing thermodynamic properties in Mg-Al, Mg-Zn and Al-Zn melts, was regressed and optimized. The results showed that Ki and Ni were deduced by Gibbs free energy function at the studied temperature. The results of calculating thermodynamic properties in the full composition range for liquid Mg-Al-Zn from 880 to 1100 K, as well as Mg-Al from 923 to 1073 K, Mg-Zn from 880 to 973 K and Al-Zn from 1000 to 1073 K, are presented in the paper by coupling with Ni and AMCT. An excellent agreement is noticed between the calculated values of this study and measured thermodynamic data from the references, suggesting that the AMCT can be well applied to describe and predict the activities of the Mg-Al-Zn system and its subsystems.