bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF COLOUR IN COMBINED WASTEWATER FROM PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY BY FENTON REACTION
Authors: Dao Duc Sy , Vu Mai Thi , Doan Lan Thi Phuong
Published: April 2020

In this study, the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using Fenton reaction (F-AOPs) was applied in order to remove colour in combined wastewater from pulp and paper industry after treated by a combination of coagulation and activated sludge. The effects of key operating parameters, such as the concentration of iron (II) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide dosage, pH, visible light as well as photocatalyst TiO2 on the decolorization were studied and discussed. Some kinetic rate constants at different conditions have been determined. The results shown that F-AOPs was a suitable technique for removing colour from effluent from pulp and paper industry. At optimum conditions, the colour removal was more than 90% and 100% without with photocatalyst after 40 minutes of reaction, respectively.
GRANITOID PETROLOGY OF HAI VAN MASSIF
Authors: Le Phuc Duc
Published: April 2020

The granitoid formations of Hai Van massif with petrographical components consist of biotite granite, two mica granite. Chemical components of rocks are: SiO2: 69,34=73,92%, Na2O+KO: 6,11-8,11%, K2O/Na20>1. Content of Ba, Sr is low but Rb is higher. From results of Nd-Sm isotopic analysic shows that they are nearly same with stable crust material. Age of source region formation is 1,33 billion years (model of homogeneous chondrite source region), or 1,95 billion years (model of poor mantle source region). U-Pb isotopic age: 241,9+ 2 and 241,4+2.1 million years.
KORELASI ANION GAP CALCULATED DENGAN STRONG ION GAP DALAM EVALUASI KEADAAN ASIDOSIS METABOLIK PADA PASIEN CRITICALLY ILL
Authors: Liazarti Dona , Marwan Deinike , Valzon May
Published: April 2020

Asidosis metabolik merupakan gangguan asam basa paling sering pada pasien critically ill dengan penyebab umum berupa peningkatan anion yang tidak terukur. Penilaian adanya anion tidak terukur dapat dilakukan dengan tradisional (AGcalculated ) dan alternatif (SIG). Strong ion gap paling umum digunakan namun membutuhkan sejumlah besar komponen dalam perhitungannya dibandingkan dengan AGcalculated.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara AGcalculated dengan SIG dalam evaluasi keadaan asidosis metabolik pada pasien critically ill. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 84 pasien critically ill yang dirawat di ICU RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Analisis gas darah, elektrolit, dan albumin diukur dengan metode potensiometri, amperometri dan spektrofotometri. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar AGcalculated dengan SIG yang dinyatakan bermakna jika nilai p < 0,05. Rerata nilai pH, pO2, pCO2, Ca ion, HCO3 - , BE, Na, K, Cl, dan albumin berturut-turut adalah 7,26(0,1); 193,71(90,26); 36,62(7,77); 0,62(0,16); 17,39(4,36); -9,1(5,11); 134(6,64); 4,19(0,97); 107(5,7); dan 2,43(0,78). Nilai tengah (median) AGcalculated dan SIG adalah 18,52(3,14) dan 7,76(3,31). Uji Spearman menunjukkan korelasi AGcalculated dan SIG memberikan nilai p sebesar 0,001 (p<0,05) yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara AGcalculated dan SIG serta nilai r sebesar 0,997 yang berarti korelasinya sangat kuat, sehingga AGcalculated dapat digunakan untuk menentukan adanya anion yang tidak terukur sebagai penyebab asidosis metabolik di tempat dengan fasilitas pemeriksaan yang terbatas.
Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Sekolah Dasar Islam Menggunakan Metode SAW dan FMADM di Pangkalpinang
Authors: Pradana Harrizki Arie , Fitriyani Fitriyani , Marisa Marisa
Published: April 2020

Sekolah Dasar Islam pada dasarnya adalah sekolah yang menerapkan konsep pendidikan Islam berdasarkan al-Quran dan as-Sunnah. Banyak orang tua memiliki pilihan untuk mengirim anak-anak mereka ke sekolah Islam untuk mengeksplorasi agama Islam lebih lanjut. Tetapi seringkali orang tua bingung untuk menentukan pilihan mereka. Ini karena tidak ada metode atau alat yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan sekolah dasar pilihan. Untuk itu, dirancang suatu sistem untuk menentukan Sekolah Dasar Islam dengan menggunakan metode Simple Additive weighting (SAW) dan Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making (FMADM). Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) digunakan untuk menentukan peringkat dari alternatif yang tersedia. Metode Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) digunakan untuk menemukan alternatif dari banyak alternatif dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai alat dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk merekomendasikan Sekolah Dasar yang berbasis Islam.
Actes del XII Col·loqui Internacional de Botànica Pirenaica ‐ Cantàbrica
Authors: Bou Manobens Jordi , Vilar i Sais Lluís
Published: April 2020

Aquest llibre conté els articles i resums derivats de les comunicacions i pòsters presentats al XII Col·loqui Internacional de Botànica Pirenaica‐Cantàbrica celebrat a Girona del 3 al 5 de juliol de 2019. L’ordre seguit en els articles, és el de presentació durant el congres. També s’han afegit la conferencia inaugural del Dr. Pèlachs, titulada “El papel de la geografía histórica ambiental en la conservación del paisaje de alta montaña” i el guió de la sortida que es va realitzar als Pirineus orientals.
O mal-estar docente no ensino de física: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Aguiar Matheus Dias , Sousa Fernanda da Silva Coêlho de Sá , Machado Fabricia da Silva , Santos Antonio Marques dos
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho teve como principal motivo de sua realização descrever os principais problemas enfrentados pelos professores, principalmente os de rede pública e mostrar a importância deste tema já que interfere na qualidade do ensino dos alunos e aprofundar um trabalho já realizado anteriormente. Portanto, a realidade escolar no ensino de física enfrenta sérios problemas como desinteresse dos alunos, a desmotivação e mal-estar docente na área, em que é bastante afetada pelas péssimas condições de trabalho, por profissionais mal remunerados e a péssima infraestrutura das instituições, uma forma mecânica de ensino levada pela falta de equipamentos e laboratórios. O objetivo principal ao longo deste trabalho é apontar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas no ensino de física, o que leva ao mal-estar docente que consequentemente interfere na educação, causando o afastamento dos profissionais ou interferindo na qualidade do ensino. E a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolver ou incentivar a criação de novas perspectivas para o ensino contribuindo tanto para o desenvolvimento do aluno quanto do professor. No entanto, o ensino pode contribuir de forma significativa, através de formas mais eficientes para ministrar a disciplina por melhores condições de trabalho, para isso são necessárias a implementação e a utilização de laboratórios e equipamentos adequados, para que o profissional não trabalhe somente em sala de aula com teorias e memorização de fórmulas, mais também em horários extraclasse, como pesquisas científicas e realização de experimentos.
Cognitive and self-care changes in patients with heart failure in the Amazon Region
Authors: Veríssimo Adriana de Oliveira Lameira , Honorato Juniel Pereira , Costa Silvio Douglas Medeiros , Garcia João Victor Moura , Silva Isis Jaspe Reis da , Xavier Stanley Soares , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz , Tyll Milene Gouvêa
Published: April 2020

Heart failure is characterized as the lack of blood pumping capacity performed by the heart, which is considered a public health problem worldwide. Due to HF, the individual can develop clinical aspects that impact cognitive function and, consequently, self-care. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate cognitive changes and self-care in patients affected by HF and compare it with the cognitive and self-care changes of healthy participants. This is a quantitative, epidemiological, cross-sectional case-control study carried out at an institution in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The following tests were used for data collection: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS). Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2010 and statistically treated by Epi Info version 3.5.2 with a 5% significance level and considering a 95% confidence interval in all analyzes. It was observed that patients with HF have slightly better self-care compared to patients without HF with scores obtained by EHFScBS equal to 29.7 ± 6.9 and 31.8 ± 8.2, respectively. Additionally, patients with HF showed impairments in the three cognitive domains, and women with HF demonstrated greater cognitive impairment compared to the other participants. The present study provides data to help build new approaches to interventions by the multidisciplinary team to promote better self-care and avoid cognitive impairments in patients with HF.
Análise crítica da implementação e execução do programa 5S em empresa de material de construção
Authors: Dantas José Airson de Medeiros , Brito Max Leandro de Araújo , Guardia Mabel Simone de Araújo Bezerra
Published: April 2020

O seguinte artigo tem por objetivo analisar a implementação e execução do Programa 5S em empresa de material de construção. A metodologia do estudo é qualitativa tratando-se de um estudo de caso na empresa, organização privada, varejista, especializada em vendas de materiais de construção, composta por uma equipe de 15 funcionários. Como resultados o estudo revela que os funcionários foram flexíveis no quesito aceitar a mudança no clima/cultura organizacional por meio da aplicação dessa nova ferramenta, o estudo revelou também algumas limitações por parte dos funcionários relacionados a autodisciplina, considerando que os funcionários estavam acostumados com a forma como as coisas aconteciam antes da aplicação desse programa 5s. Por fim os resultados do estudo apontam que o impacto da ferramenta 5S na gestão da qualidade da empresa se fez necessário para a melhoria do ambiente organizacional, pois o programa 5s trouxe grandes benefícios em questões relacionadas à organização, facilitando a visibilidade dos documentos, produtos no dia a dia, assim como permitiu a diminuição dos desperdícios, permitindo também que o ambiente esteja sempre limpo, higiênico e agradável não só para os clientes, mas também para os funcionários, não esquecendo também que para que essa ferramenta tenha êxito se faz necessário que todos colaborem para o bem comum, trazendo essa responsabilidade de autodisciplina para os funcionários.
Análise do controle de qualidade físico - químicas de detergentes
Authors: Gomes Fellype Diorgennes Cordeiro
Published: April 2020

As necessidades e expectativas dos consumidores tem sido um grande desafio para as empresas, que vivem em um cenário cada vez mais competitivo. Por isso lançar um produto que tenha a aceitação do cliente é fundamental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar e estabelecer relações através dos parâmetros físico-químicos de detergentes, verificando seu ajustamento aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação sanitária. Foram coletadas 5 amostras de uma indústria localizada na Cidade de Campina Grande- PB, do produto e analisados o pH e a viscosidade cinemática, em triplicata, comparando-se os resultados junto as especificações previstas na Resolução nº 40/2008 da ANVISA. Os resultados indicaram que o pH e a viscosidade  cinemática estava em conformidade a resolução, indicando que o produto pode ser adquiro sem prejudicar o consumidor.
DATA MINING FOR PREDICTING THE AMOUNT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION USING CRISP-DM METHOD
Authors: Khumaidi Ali
Published: April 2020

The production of coffee plantations has become the leading plantation commodity with the export value of the fourth rank after oil palm, rubber and coconut. The number of coffee needs for export every year always increases, therefore it is necessary to predict the yield of coffee plants to estimate planting and anticipation that will be done so as to achieve the target. Coffee plant productivity is influenced by internal and external factors, namely the quality of the plant itself, soil, altitude and climate. The method used in this study is the CRISP-DM method and multiple linear regression algorithm to predict the amount of coffee production and determine the relationship between the variables. The steps taken are business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling and evaluation. The data set that is used as many as 170 data after going through the data preparation stage produced 150 data with 5 attributes in the table. With calculations using tools, the coefficient of determination is 91.96%. That the variation in the value of the production of coffee plants is influenced by independent variables, namely the area of ​​plantations, rainfall, air pressure and solar radiation by 91.96% and 8.04% influenced by other variables not measured in this study. The results of the evaluation and validation of predictions produce good accuracy with an RMSE value of 0.3477.
Short-term responses of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus to the attachment of suction cup tags
Authors: Warren VE , Miller PJO , Tyack PL
Published: April 2020

Animal-mounted data logging devices are used to study the behaviour, physiology, and ecology of free-ranging marine mammals, as well as their reactions to controlled exposures. It is important to consider whether collected data are representative of natural behaviour or biased by responses to tagging. In species with stereotypical diving behaviour, tagging responses can be quantified by identifying anomalous dives. Data from 36 suction cup tag deployments on sperm whalesPhyseter macrocephalusfrom 4 locations were analysed to consider whether tagging effects were evident within 5 dive parameters: maximum dive depth, dive duration, descent speed, depth difference between start of clicking and first prey capture attempt, and buzz rate. Linear mixed models were generated for each response parameter and covariates for dive index were added to assess whether model fit improved when the order of dives was taken into account. Time-decaying tagging effects were noted in maximum dive depth (first dives were 25% shallower than average) and buzz rate (first dives contained 34% fewer buzzes per minute than average). In the Azores, the first 3 dives subsequent to tag attachment featured faster descent speeds than average. The whales were likely responding to the cumulative ‘dose’ of research activity at the surface: multiple boat approaches, tag placement, and general disturbance. Disturbance should be minimised during tagging, and the extent and duration of responses should be quantified. Modelling of quantified tagging responses could enable correction of these responses in tag data.
Green turtle mitochondrial microsatellites indicate finer-scale natal homing to isolated islands than to continental nesting sites
Authors: Shamblin BM , Hart KM , Martin KJ , Ceriani SA , Bagley DA , Mansfield KL , Ehrhart LM , Nairn CJ
Published: April 2020

In highly mobile philopatric species, defining the scale of natal homing is fundamental to characterizing population dynamics and effectively managing distinct populations. Genetic tools have provided evidence of regional natal philopatry in marine turtles, but extensive sharing of maternally inherited mitochondrial control region (CR) haplotypes within regions (<500 km) often impedes identification of population boundaries. Previous CR-based analyses of Florida (USA) green turtleChelonia mydasnesting sites detected at least 2 populations, but the ubiquity of haplotype CM-A3.1 among southern rookeries decreased the power to detect differentiation. We reassessed population structure by sequencing the mitochondrial microsatellite (short tandem repeat, mtSTR) in 786 samples from 11 nesting sites spanning 700 km from Canaveral National Seashore through Dry Tortugas National Park. The mtSTR marker subdivided CM-A3.1 into 12 haplotypes that were structured among rookeries, demonstrating independent female recruitment into the Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys nesting populations. Combined haplotypes provided support for recognition of at least 4 management units in Florida: (1) central eastern Florida, (2) southeastern Florida, (3) Key West National Wildlife Refuge, and (4) Dry Tortugas National Park. Recapture data indicated female nesting dispersal between islands <15 km apart, but haplotype frequencies demonstrated discrete natal homing to island groups separated by 70 km. These isolated insular rookeries may be more vulnerable to climate change-mediated nesting habitat instability than those along continental coasts and should be monitored more consistently to characterize population status. Broader application of the mtSTR markers holds great promise in improving resolution of stock structure and migratory connectivity for green turtles globally.
Originality and Genesis
Authors: Wisniowska Magdalena
Published: April 2020

The topic of this paper is the concept of originality as it relates to the concept of genesis developed by Deleuze in his early essay ‘The Idea of Genesis in Kant's Esthetics’. Using the exhibition of Tim Bennett's as a starting point, it brings together two accounts of originality, the first postmodern one represented by Rosalind Krauss's ‘The Originality of the Avant-garde’ and the second genetic kind found in Deleuze's aforementioned essay, to show how originality and genesis might correspond, paying close attention to the transcendental innovations of Kant's aesthetic tradition to which both concepts belong.
A Terrifying Manipulator of Signs
Authors: Svirsky Marcelo , Ben-Arie Ronnen
Published: April 2020

The question of Palestine has remained the ultimate test for intellectual and political consistency. In this article we canvass the discrepancies between two opposing French intellectual traditions in relation to Palestine, and scrutinise them in relation to Israel's investments in political languages designed for external constituencies. The article concludes with an observation on how French feminist voices are today shaping the conversation about the Palestine question in progressive ways.
Copyright, media and modernization in China: A historical review, 1890–2015
Authors: Ren Xiang
Published: April 2020

This article understands the history of copyright and media in China as co-evolution between two conflicting paradigms. One builds on the Confucian and Communist systems, where cultural production and knowledge creation are collective and commons-based, while the other is similar to the western copyright practices characterized by the legal protection and commercial exploitation of proprietary ownership rights of creative works. The article reviews the complex interplay between the two opposed paradigms in different historical periods and explores the tension between the ‘western’ models and the ‘Chinese’ traditions and characteristics in the modernization of copyright and media.
Metanarratives of International Environmental Law and Science in the Anthropocene Era
Authors: Castro Douglas
Published: April 2020

This study intends to investigate the role of International Environmental Law, and Science as part of the Anthropocene Era vis-à-vis the existence of the natural boundaries of the planet. It is to say that despite the existential threat we are experiencing in the world, emancipation and regulation as pillars of modernity´s project are not responding well to the posed challenges. As such, metanarratives of International Environmental Law and Science are embedded with excluding features.
Utazás előtti tanácsadás – fogorvosi szempontból
Authors: Felkai Péter , Felkai Tamás , Rózsa Noémi
Published: April 2020

Az utazás alatti egészségkárosodások 3,5–7,8%-a fogászati jellegű, tehát egyrészt jelentős nagyságrendű problémakörről van szó, másrészt a külföldi fogorvosi kezelés drága és nem minden utazási biztosítás fedezi azt teljes egészében. Ezért az utazás előtti tanácsadásnak tartalmaznia kell a fogászati jellegű bajok ismertetését, megoldási módjait. Fontos szempont a szájhigiénia hangsúlyozása (biztonságos fog- és protézismosó vízzel), a protézisek és a fogszabályozó készülékekkel kapcsolatos tennivalók ismertetése. A nem megbízható külföldi szolgáltató kezelése súlyos fertőzést, esetenként HIV fertőzést is eredményezhet.Fontos tudnivaló hogy az egyes fogorvosi kezelések után mikor repülhet az utazó: Általánosságban elmondhatjuk, hogy a barodontalgia veszélye miatt fogtömések után 24 órát, gyökérkezelés után 72 órát, szövődménymentes implantáció után 24–48 órát, nagyobb orofaciális beavatkozások után (többszörös implantáció, csontpótlás stb.) után két hetetajánlatos várni a légi utazással. Természeten a várakozási idő függ a beteg mindenkori állapotától és az elvégzett beavatkozás nagyságától is.
Curative and Suppressive Activities of Essential Tea Tree Oil against Fungal Plant Pathogens
Authors: Reuveni Moshe , Sanches Ethel , Barbier Marcel
Published: April 2020

Timorex Gold based on the essential tea tree oil (TTO) derived from the Australian tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) plant has demonstrated high efficacy and a strong curative activity against black Sigatoka in banana and controlled it in stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 of disease development. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of infected leaf sections treated with Timorex Gold revealed disruption of the fungal cell membrane and destruction of the fungal cell wall in disease development stages 4 and 5. Mineral oil and the fungicide difenoconazole, when applied alone, had no curative effect and did not disrupt the fungal cell wall or membrane, similar to the untreated control tissue. A single spray of Timorex Gold effectively controlled and suppressed powdery mildew in cucumber by causing the disappearance of 99% of established colonies recorded 1 or 2 days after the application and was effective for up to 8 days after application. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of infected and Timorex Gold-treated leaves indicated strong shrinkage and disruption of fungal hyphae and conidial cells. The curative and suppressive modes of action of the Timorex Gold may explain its success in controlling both diseases.
Online Mining Intrusion Patterns from IDS Alerts
Authors: Zhang Kai , Luo Shoushan , Xin Yang , Zhu Hongliang , Chen Yuling
Published: April 2020

The intrusion detection system (IDS) which is used widely in enterprises, has produced a large number of logs named alerts, from which the intrusion patterns can be mined. These patterns can be used to construct the intrusion scenarios or discover the final objectives of the malicious actors, and even assist the forensic works of network crimes. In this paper, a novel algorithm for the intrusion pattern mining is proposed which aimsto solve the difficult problems of the intrusion action sequence such as the loss of important intrusion actions, the disorder of the action sequence and the random noise actions. These common problems often occur in the real production environment which cause serious performance decrease in the analyzing system. The proposed algorithm is based on the online analysis of the intrusion action sequences extracted from IDS alerts, through calculating the influences of a particular action on the subsequent actions, the real intrusion patterns are discovered. The experimental results show that the method is effective in discovering pattern from the complex intrusion action sequences.
The Prevalence and Impact of Hepatic Steatosis on Response to Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in HIV–HCV Coinfection
Authors: Johnson Leigh P. , Sterling Richard K.
Published: April 2020

(1) Background: Direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with high sustained virologic response (SVR) and overcomes negative predictive factors, including steatosis, in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The impact of steatosis on SVR in patients with HIV–HCV coinfection is unknown. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients treated with direct-acting antivirals was performed. Demographic, laboratory and direct-acting antiviral regimen data were prospectively collected. Metabolic syndrome and its components—diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity—were assessed. Hepatic steatosis (≥5%) was defined by liver biopsy or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement during vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). (3) Results: A total of 151 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy and direct-acting antiviral therapy were included in this analysis. Prevalence of steatosis by liver biopsy (n = 34) or CAP (≥263 db/m) during VCTE (n = 92) was 27% and was independently associated with obesity (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.43–6.82; p = 0.004) and the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–0.15; p = 0.01). The overall SVR rate (n = 148) was 95% and was not impacted by the presence of steatosis (p = 0.42). (4) Conclusions: Hepatic steatosis is common in HIV–HCV coinfection, correlates with obesity and the metabolic syndrome and does not impact SVR.
Preventive and Proactive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports: A Measurement Proposal
Authors: Próchniak Piotr , Próchniak Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

This article presents the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale, a tool for diagnosing future oriented coping with bad weather in outdoor sports. A study of the psychometric properties of the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale was conducted, with an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis being carried out. The first set of data (N = 326) was analysed by exploratory factor analysis, and the second set of data (N = 183) was analysed by confirmatory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses verified the two-factor structure. The Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale showed satisfactory internal consistency. The coefficient alpha reliabilities were 0.81 for the Preventive scale, and 0.80 for the Proactive scale. The divergent and convergent validity of the Preventive and Proactive Coping in Outdoor Sports Scale was indicated by correlations with scales of coping, general self-efficacy, sensation seeking and the personality NEO-FFI. The results indicate that the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale is a valid and reliable instrument.
Identification of Dietary Pattern Networks Associated with Gastric Cancer Using Gaussian Graphical Models: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gunathilake Madhawa , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Kim Jeongseon
Published: April 2020

Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) are novel approaches to deriving dietary patterns that assess how foods are consumed in relation to one another. We aimed to apply GGMs to identify dietary patterns and to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and gastric cancer (GC) risk in a Korean population. In this case-control study of 415 GC cases and 830 controls, food intake was assessed using a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire that captured 33 food groups. The dietary pattern networks corresponding to the total population contained a main network and four subnetworks. For the vegetable and seafood network, those who were in the highest tertile of the network-specific score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC both in the total population (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47–0.93, p for trend = 0.018) and in males (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34–0.89, p for trend = 0.012). Most importantly, the fruit pattern network was inversely associated with the risk of GC for the highest tertile (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.81, p for trend = 0.002). The identified vegetable and seafood network and the fruit network showed a protective effect against GC development in Koreans.
Current Approaches for Combination Therapy of Cancer: The Role of Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Asadzadeh Zahra , Safarzadeh Elham , Safaei Sahar , Baradaran Ali , Mohammadi Ali , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Derakhshani Afshin , Argentiero Antonella , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad
Published: April 2020

Cell death resistance is a key feature of tumor cells. One of the main anticancer therapies is increasing the susceptibility of cells to death. Cancer cells have developed a capability of tumor immune escape. Hence, restoring the immunogenicity of cancer cells can be suggested as an effective approach against cancer. Accumulating evidence proposes that several anticancer agents provoke the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are determinants of immunogenicity and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD). It has been suggested that ICD inducers are two different types according to their various activities. Here, we review the well-characterized DAMPs and focus on the different types of ICD inducers and recent combination therapies that can augment the immunogenicity of cancer cells.
TrkB-Induced Inhibition of R-SMAD/SMAD4 Activation is Essential for TGF-β-Mediated Tumor Suppressor Activity
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Jin Wook
Published: April 2020

TrkB-mediated activation of the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is associated with the induction of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and the acquisition of metastatic potential by tumors. Conversely, the transforming of growth factor-β (TGF-β) is implicated in tumor suppression through the canonical SMAD-dependent signaling pathway. Hence, TrkB could play a role in disrupting the potent TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition, a concept that has not been fully explored. Here, we identified TrkB to be a crucial regulator of the TGF-β signaling pathway as it inhibits the TGF-β-mediated tumor suppression and the activation of TrkB kinase. We further show that the interactions between TrkB and SMADs inhibit TGF-β-mediated R-SMAD/SMAD4 complex formation and suppress TGF-β-induced nuclear translocation and target gene expression. Additionally, the knockdown of TrkB restored the tumor inhibitory activity of TGF-β signaling. These observations suggest that interactions between TrkB and SMADs are critical for the inhibition of TGF-β tumor suppressor activity in cancer cells.
Nanoparticles to Improve the Efficacy of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Tornesello Anna Lucia , Tagliamonte Maria , Tornesello Maria Lina , Buonaguro Franco M. , Buonaguro Luigi
Published: April 2020

Nanoparticles represent a potent antigen presentation and delivery system to elicit an optimal immune response by effector cells targeting tumor-associated antigens expressed by cancer cells. Many types of nanoparticles have been developed, such as polymeric complexes, liposomes, micelles and protein-based structures such as virus like particles. All of them show promising results for immunotherapy approaches. In particular, the immunogenicity of peptide-based cancer vaccines can be significantly potentiated by nanoparticles. Indeed, nanoparticles are able to enhance the targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and trigger cytokine production for optimal T cell response. The present review summarizes the categories of nanoparticles and peptide cancer vaccines which are currently under pre-clinical evaluation.
ALK Inhibitors-Induced M Phase Delay Contributes to the Suppression of Cell Proliferation
Authors: Munira Sirajam , Yuki Ryuzaburo , Saito Youhei , Nakayama Yuji
Published: April 2020

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers. ALK has been targeted with small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of different cancers, but absolute success remains elusive. In the present study, the effects of ALK inhibitors on M phase progression were evaluated. Crizotinib, ceritinib, and TAE684 suppressed proliferation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At approximate IC50 concentrations, these inhibitors caused misorientation of spindles, misalignment of chromosomes and reduction in autophosphorylation. Similarly, knockdown of ALK caused M phase delay, which was rescued by re-expression of ALK. Time-lapse imaging revealed that anaphase onset was delayed. The monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) inhibitor, AZ3146, and MAD2 knockdown led to a release from inhibitor-induced M phase delay, suggesting that spindle assembly checkpoint may be activated in ALK-inhibited cells. H2228 human lung carcinoma cells that express EML4-ALK fusion showed M phase delay in the presence of TAE684 at about IC50 concentrations. These results suggest that ALK plays a role in M phase regulation and ALK inhibition may contribute to the suppression of cell proliferation in ALK-expressing cancer cells.
Cut-Off Analysis of CTC Change under Systemic Therapy for Defining Early Therapy Response in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Deutsch Thomas M. , Stefanovic Stefan , Feisst Manuel , Fischer Chiara , Riedel Fabian , Fremd Carlo , Domschke Christoph , Pantel Klaus , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Sutterlin Marc , Brucker Sara Y. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Wallwiener Markus
Published: April 2020

Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) can distinguish between aggressive and indolent metastatic disease in breast cancer patients and is thus considered an independent, negative prognostic factor. A clear decline in CTCs is observed in patients who respond to systemic therapy. Nevertheless, CTCs can decrease in patients experiencing disease progression during systemic therapy, too. This study aims to determine the differences between CTC decline in patients responding to therapy and those in whom disease is progressing. Therefore, CTC values were compared at the start and after one cycle of a new line of systemic therapy. In all, 108 initially CTC-positive patients (with ≥5 intact CTCs in 7.5 mL blood) were enrolled in this study and intact and apoptotic CTCs were measured via the CellSearch® system. A cut-off analysis was performed using Youden’s J statistics to differentiate between CTC change in the two groups. Here, 64 (59.3%) patients showed stable disease or partial response vs. 44 (40.7%) presenting disease progression. Median overall survival was 23 (range: 4–92) vs. 7 (2–43) months (p < 0.001). Median intact CTC count at enrollment was 15.0 (5–2760) vs. 30.5 (5–200000) cells (p = 0.39) and 2.5 (0–420) vs. 8.5 (0–15000) cells after one cycle of systemic therapy (p = 0.001). Median apoptotic CTC count at enrollment was 10.5 (0–1500) vs. 9 (0–800) cells (p = 0.475) and 1 (0–200) vs. 3 (0–250) cells after one cycle of systemic therapy (p = 0.01). A 50% reduction in baseline apoptotic CTC count represents the optimal cut-off to differentiate between therapy response and disease progression. An apoptotic CTC reduction of ≤10% is 74% specific for early disease progression.
Unique Role of Histone Methyltransferase PRDM8 in the Tumorigenesis of Virus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Orouji Elias , Peitsch Wiebke K. , Orouji Azadeh , Houben Roland , Utikal Jochen
Published: April 2020

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a deadly skin cancer, and about 80% of its cases have been shown to harbor integrated Merkel polyomavirus in the tumor cell genome. Viral oncoproteins expressed in the tumor cells are considered as the oncogenic factors of these virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma (VP-MCC). In contrast, the molecular pathogenesis of virus-negative MCC (VN-MCC) is less well understood. Using gene expression analysis of MCC cell lines, we found histone methyltransferase PRDM8 to be elevated in VN-MCC. This finding was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of MCC tumors, revealing that increased PRDM8 expression in VN-MCC is also associated with increased H3K9 methylation. CRISPR-mediated silencing of PRDM8 in MCC cells further supported the histone methylating role of this protein in VN-MCC. We also identified miR-20a-5p as a negative regulator of PRDM8. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the role of PRDM8 as a histone methyltransferase in VN-MCC tumorigenesis.
The Prognostic Value of the Detection of Microbial Translocation in the Blood of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Messaritakis Ippokratis , Vogiatzoglou Konstantinos , Tsantaki Konstantina , Ntretaki Agapi , Sfakianaki Maria , Koulouridi Asimina , Tsiaoussis John , Mavroudis Dimitrios , Souglakos John
Published: April 2020

Dysbiosis has been associated with various diseases and is of major health importance. Dysbiosis leads to microbial translocation, which is the passage of microorganisms, their fragments, or their metabolites from the intestinal lumen into the blood circulation and other sites. The aim of the study was to determine whether microbial translocation occurs in stage II/III-IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim was also to evaluate the usefulness of blood PCR for diagnosis of such translocation and correlate the presence of toll-like receptor/vitamin D receptor (TLR/VDR) gene polymorphisms with microbial DNA fragments detected in the blood of CRC patients. Three hundred and ninety-seven CRC patients enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood DNA was analyzed using PCR for the amplification of genomic DNA encoding 16S rRNA, the β-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli, glutamine synthase gene of Bacteroides fragilis, and 5.8S rRNA of Candida albicans. Significantly higher rates of all microbial fragments, but E. coli, detected were observed in the CRC patients (p < 0.001); such detection of all four microbial fragments was also significantly associated with the metastatic disease (p < 0.001), leading to shorter survival rates (p < 0.001). Tumor location in the right colon also significantly correlated with shorter survival (p = 0.016). Individuals with homozygous mutant alleles of TLR/VDR polymorphisms had significantly higher detection rates of microbial DNA fragments. The detection of microbial DNA fragments in CRC patients highlighted the role of these microbes in cancer development, progression, and patients’ survival.
Incidence of Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma, by Subsite, T Classification and Neck Level: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sanabria Alvaro , Shah Jatin P. , Medina Jesus E. , Olsen Kerry D. , Robbins K. Thomas , Silver Carl E. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Suárez Carlos , Coca-Pelaz Andrés , Shaha Ashok R. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , de Bree Remco , Strojan Primož , Hamoir Marc , Takes Robert P. , Sjögren Elisabeth V. , Cannon Trinitia , Kowalski Luiz P. , Ferlito Alfio
Published: April 2020

Background: Larynx cancer is a common site for tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. In cases with a clinically negative neck, the indications for an elective neck treatment are still debated. The objective is to define the prevalence of occult metastasis based on the subsite of the primary tumor, T classification and neck node levels involved. Methods: All studies included provided the rate of occult metastases in cN0 larynx squamous cell carcinoma patients. The main outcome was the incidence of occult metastasis. The pooled incidence was calculated with random effects analysis. Results: 36 studies with 3803 patients fulfilled the criteria. The incidence of lymph node metastases for supraglottic and glottic tumors was 19.9% (95% CI 16.4–23.4) and 8.0% (95% CI 2.7–13.3), respectively. The incidence of occult metastasis for level I, level IV and level V was 2.4% (95% CI 0–6.1%), 2.0% (95% CI 0.9–3.1) and 0.4% (95% CI 0–1.0%), respectively. For all tumors, the incidence for sublevel IIB was 0.5% (95% CI 0–1.3). Conclusions: The incidence of occult lymph node metastasis is higher in supraglottic and T3–4 tumors. Level I and V and sublevel IIB should not be routinely included in the elective neck treatment of cN0 laryngeal cancer and, in addition, level IV should not be routinely included in cases of supraglottic tumors.
Cooperation on Interdependent Networks by Means of Migration and Stochastic Imitation
Authors: Nag Chowdhury Sayantan , Kundu Srilena , Duh Maja , Perc Matjaž , Ghosh Dibakar
Published: April 2020

Evolutionary game theory in the realm of network science appeals to a lot of research communities, as it constitutes a popular theoretical framework for studying the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. Recent research has shown that cooperation is markedly more resistant in interdependent networks, where traditional network reciprocity can be further enhanced due to various forms of interdependence between different network layers. However, the role of mobility in interdependent networks is yet to gain its well-deserved attention. Here we consider an interdependent network model, where individuals in each layer follow different evolutionary games, and where each player is considered as a mobile agent that can move locally inside its own layer to improve its fitness. Probabilistically, we also consider an imitation possibility from a neighbor on the other layer. We show that, by considering migration and stochastic imitation, further fascinating gateways to cooperation on interdependent networks can be observed. Notably, cooperation can be promoted on both layers, even if cooperation without interdependence would be improbable on one of the layers due to adverse conditions. Our results provide a rationale for engineering better social systems at the interface of networks and human decision making under testing dilemmas.
Limitations to Estimating Mutual Information in Large Neural Populations
Authors: Mölter Jan , Goodhill Geoffrey J.
Published: April 2020

Information theory provides a powerful framework to analyse the representation of sensory stimuli in neural population activity. However, estimating the quantities involved such as entropy and mutual information from finite samples is notoriously hard and any direct estimate is known to be heavily biased. This is especially true when considering large neural populations. We study a simple model of sensory processing and show through a combinatorial argument that, with high probability, for large neural populations any finite number of samples of neural activity in response to a set of stimuli is mutually distinct. As a consequence, the mutual information when estimated directly from empirical histograms will be equal to the stimulus entropy. Importantly, this is the case irrespective of the precise relation between stimulus and neural activity and corresponds to a maximal bias. This argument is general and applies to any application of information theory, where the state space is large and one relies on empirical histograms. Overall, this work highlights the need for alternative approaches for an information theoretic analysis when dealing with large neural populations.
The Energy Saving Potential of Wide Windows in Hospital Patient Rooms, Optimizing the Type of Glazing and Lighting Control Strategy under Different Climatic Conditions
Authors: Cesari Silvia , Valdiserri Paolo , Coccagna Maddalena , Mazzacane Sante
Published: April 2020

If not properly designed, the adoption of large windows can sometimes have a negative impact on building energy demand. For this reason, aggravated by the outdated building envelope of the healthcare building stock, large fenestration systems are usually avoided in hospitals, especially in old structures. However, with appropriate glazing specifications, the adoption of wider openings can result into significant energy savings, lower costs and strong positive effects on patients and staff well-being. The present study investigates how different window sizes and types of glazing affect heating, cooling and lighting energy demand in a hospital patient room. The objective is to evaluate the energy savings that may be obtained when installing larger windows and to identify the glazing properties allowing one to reach the maximum energy reductions. Simulations were carried out using nine diverse glazing systems, already available on the market, and their energy performance was evaluated in relation to two different window areas: a common size opening, characterized by a 25% Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), and a floor to ceiling window, with 77% WWR. The analysis was conducted taking into consideration four different orientations in four Italian cities, supposing two artificial lighting control strategies. The results highlighted how the adoption of wider windows with appropriate glazings and a daylight-linked dimming lighting control strategy may lower the primary energy demand up to 17%.
Energy Consumption and Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Electric City Buses with Multispeed Gearboxes
Authors: Ritari Antti , Vepsäläinen Jari , Kivekäs Klaus , Tammi Kari , Laitinen Heikki
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the potential of improving the energy efficiency and reducing the lifecycle costs of electric city buses with multispeed gearboxes. A two-speed dual clutch gearbox and a continuously variable transmission were studied and compared to a reference fixed gear ratio powertrain. A novel two-level optimization model was introduced. The top level involves an exhaustive search algorithm and quasi-static vehicle dynamic model for optimizing the two-speed gearbox gear ratios, utilizing efficiency maps for the electric motor and the inverter. The second level is an integer programming model, which finds an optimal gear shifting policy subject to constraints on hysteresis and gear shifting induced losses. The model was applied with a standard driving cycle and additionally with three measured cycles acquired from a prototype battery electric city bus operating on a daily schedule on a suburban route in Espoo, Finland. The results showed that a two-speed gearbox reduced energy consumption by 2–3.2%, depending on the driving cycle characteristics. On the other hand, the continuously variable transmission was found to increase consumption by 1.9–4.0% due to large losses of the belt mechanism. It was concluded that the two-speed gearbox is a cost-effective investment for electric city buses characterized by operation profiles with frequent acceleration and braking events.
Preliminary Design and Off-Design Analysis of a Radial Outflow Turbine for Organic Rankine Cycles
Authors: Kim Jun-Seong , Kim Do-Yeop
Published: April 2020

Recently, the advantages of radial outflow turbines have been outstanding in various operating conditions of the organic Rankine cycle. However, there are only a few studies of such turbines, and information on the design procedure is insufficient. The main purpose of this study is to provide more detailed information on the design methodology of the turbine. In this paper, a preliminary design program of a radial outflow turbine for organic Rankine cycles was developed. The program determines the main specifications of the turbine through iterative calculations using the enthalpy loss model and deviation angle model. For reliability evaluation of the developed algorithm, a 400.0 kW turbine for R143a was designed. The designed turbine was validated through computational fluid dynamics. As a result, the accuracy of the program was about 95% based on the turbine power, which shows that it is reliable. In addition, the turbine target performance could be achieved by fine-tuning the blade angle of the nozzle exit. In addition, performance evaluation of the turbine against off-design conditions was performed. Ranges of velocity ratio, loading coefficient, and flow coefficient that can expect high efficiency were proposed through the off-design analysis of the turbine.