bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Shaft Scratch on Static and Transient Behavior of Water-Lubricated Bearing
Authors: Liang Peng , Li Xingyang , Guo Feng , Zhang Xiaohan , Jiang Fulin
Published: June 2023

When sand enters the gap between the shaft and water-lubricated bearing, it will nick surfaces of shaft and bearing bush, and the scratch will appear. The variations of static and transient performance with the number and depth of scratches are studied in the paper. The results show that scratches have a significant effect on the critical load and critical speed of the transformation of bearing lubrication state. The existence of scratches reduces the critical load from elastohydrodynamic lubrication to mixed lubrication. The shaft with scratches vibrates more strongly than the shaft with no scratch at the moment of start-up. The contact area, contact time, and bush-burning probability are directly proportional to the number of scratches. Shaft center movement orbits under step load have the similar “L” shape, whether the shaft has scratch or not. But the scratched shaft has longer movement orbit and lower equilibrium point than the shaft with no scratch. This paper can provide a reference for structure design and service life evaluation of bearing-shaft system.
Performance Investigation of a Solar Air Heater Artificially Roughened With Joukowski Airfoil Ribs
Authors: Roy Bibhrat , Reddy Desireddy Shashidhar , Khan Mohd. Kaleem
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates a solar air heater’s thermohydraulic and thermogeometric performances with an artificially roughened absorber plate with Joukowski airfoil ribs. The rib height and shape have a bearing on the overall performance of the air heater. Joukowski airfoil ribs of different sizes are generated from a circular rib of a radius of 1 mm using conformal mapping. Simulations are performed for the turbulent flow of air through the roughened duct in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 4000 ≤ Re ≤ 15,000 using ansys fluent version 2020. The renormalization group kinetic energy-turbulence dissipation rate (RNGκ−ε) model with enhanced wall treatment (EWT) has been employed to model the turbulent flow. The grid refinement study is performed to optimize the mesh size and estimate the numerical solution error. The proposed rib design is tested for both headwind and tailwind flow arrangements. The tailwind performance is better for smaller-size Joukowski ribs. However, the medium- and large-size Joukowski ribs perform better in headwind configurations. At low Re, heat transfer is more dominant than friction leading to higher thermohydraulic performance, whereas, at high Re, the reverse trend is observed.
Investigation on Flame and Spray Characteristics of Butanol and Lemon Peel Oil Blends With Gasoline Using Optical Engine
Authors: Charlapally Shashank Sharma , Biswal Yogesh , Nayak Guguloth Mahesh , Chinnadurai Karthick , Balusamy Saravanan , Kasianantham Nanthagopal
Published: June 2023

The current research investigates the spray behavior of lemon peel oil (LPO) and butanol in a controlled environment under various engine-like conditions. The liquid spray morphology of both fuel blends is captured using a standard Mie scattering technique, and the liquid spray penetration length is compared to a baseline fuel isooctane. In order to simulate and create engine-like conditions, these experiments are carried out in a constant volume chamber under various pressure and temperature conditions. Furthermore, the combustion quality of binary and ternary blends is studied using an optical gasoline direct injection engine at three different injection timings. According to the constant volume spray study, isooctane has the shortest penetration. Because of its higher boiling point, LPO has a longer liquid spray penetration length. Despite its lower boiling point, butanol penetrates better than isooctane. The temperature was also discovered to influence liquid spray tip penetration length more than pressure significantly. In-cylinder combustion imaging results also revealed that injection timing significantly impacts combustion. Although butanol improves combustion, LPO-dominant blends demonstrated more diffusion burning due to poor evaporation characteristics. The blends prepared for the study were similar to gasoline in combustion conditions. It was discovered that these blends ran optimally without requiring any modifications to existing engines, even though late injection is recommended to improve combustion quality and peak performance.
Analysis of ill-conditioned cases of a mass moving on a sphere with friction
Authors: McDaniel Terry W.
Published: June 2023

Previous work treated the problem of a mass sliding over a rough spherical surface in broad generality, providing both analytic and numerical solutions. This paper examines special cases of 2D motion along a surface meridian when the initial speed is precisely chosen so that the sliding mass nearly stops before speeding up and subsequently leaving the surface. Carrying the solution for these critical cases into the time domain via both an analytical method and numerical integration adds richness that might otherwise be missed. The numerical method raises practical mathematical issues that must be handled carefully to obtain accurate results. Although conceptually simple, this classical mechanics problem is an excellent vehicle for students to gain proficiency with mathematical analysis tools and further their appreciation for how applied mathematics can bring new insight into situations where intuition may fall short.
Using rotation matrices to calculate the locations of sunrise and sunset, the hours of daylight, observed path of the Sun, and its elevation angle for any latitude
Authors: Greenwood Margaret Stautberg
Published: June 2023

During the course of one year, I photographed 95 sunrises along the east bank of the Columbia River from my home on the west bank in Richland, WA (46.3° N latitude). I then calculated the seasonal phenomena listed in the title with the intention of explaining the variation of the photographed sunrises. The calculations use a simplified model of the Sun-Earth system and employ rotation matrices to predict the path of the Sun, as observed at any location in the northern hemisphere, throughout the year. These predictions are in good agreement with those listed by NOAA and also with the photographic data. The analysis presented here provides a novel way to calculate and understand the seasonal variations of visible sunlight.
Simple realization of the polytropic process with a finite-sized reservoir
Authors: Ma Yu-Han
Published: June 2023

In most thermodynamics textbooks, polytropic processes are introduced by defining the process equation rather than explaining their physical origin. In this paper, we propose a simple model to realize a polytropic process for an ideal gas. The ideal gas is compressed or expanded quasi-statically while in thermal contact with a finite reservoir with constant heat capacity, and the entire system is thermally isolated from the outside environment. We propose an experimental implementation of our model with realistic parameters.
Wigner rotation and Euler angle parametrization
Authors: Yeh Leehwa
Published: June 2023

Analogous to the famous Euler angle parametrization in three-dimensional Euclidean space, a reflection-free Lorentz transformation in (2 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski space can be decomposed into three simple parts. Applying this decomposition to the Wigner rotation problem, we are able to show that the related mathematics becomes much simpler and the physical meanings more comprehensible and enlightening.
The game of life as a species model
Authors: Faux David A. , Bassom Peter
Published: June 2023

Conway's classic game of life is a two-dimensional cellular automaton in which each cell is alive or dead and evolves according to simple rules that depend solely on the number of live cells in its immediate neighborhood. The emergence of complex multi-cellular objects provides a fascinating vehicle for exploration. A variant of the classic game of life is presented, the generalized semi-classical game of life, in which each cell contains a qubit that evolves by repeated application of birth, death, and survival operators. Species are characterized by just two parameters: a preferred neighborhood liveness representing the tendency to herd and a resilience parameter representing species' vulnerability to environmental changes. This generalized model provides the opportunity to model the fortune of species and to compare to available data. The model is shown to mimic environmental catastrophes and is illustrated by the model's prediction of a return to the pre-hunting level of the global whale population by 2140. A student-designed predator–prey model is shown to qualitatively describe the fate of strongly- and weakly coupled predator–prey systems (snowshoe hare/lynx and rabbit/fox, respectively) and sudden and slow predatory impact (dodo and diprotodon, respectively).
Memories of a mid-20th century electrical measurements laboratory and its instrumentation
Authors: Greenslade Thomas B.
Published: June 2023

There was a time when undergraduate physics majors took a junior-level course in Electricity and Magnetism, accompanied by a semester of laboratory work, learning to make precision electrical measurements. This laboratory experience is long gone, replaced by coursework in digital and analog electronics. Even the latter has been downplayed in favor of a course in the use of digital computers to solve problems in physics. In this article, I will discuss the course that I took as an undergraduate at Amherst College in the late 1950s and then taught as a young faculty member at Kenyon College in the late sixties. I was a participant in the demise of the E&M laboratory and the rise of the ensuing vacuum tube and digital electronics course. I will concentrate on the precision apparatus, which is presently living out its life in the dusty back shelves of apparatus closets. This may help new faculty members to answer the perennial question: It is attractive, but what is it and how was it used?
Swimming With the COSMED AquaTrainer and K5 Wearable Metabolic System in Breath-by-Breath Mode: Accuracy, Precision, and Repeatability
Authors: Zacca Rodrigo , Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza , Monteiro Ana Sofia Mottini , Pyne David B. , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Fernandes Ricardo Jorge Pinto
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To compare ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses between the COSMED AquaTrainer coupled with the K4b2 and K5 wearable metabolic systems in breath-by-breath mode over a wide range of swimming speeds. Methods: Seventeen well-trained master swimmers performed 2 front-crawl 7 × 200-m incremental intermittent protocols (increments of 0.05 m·s−1 and 30-s rest intervals, with a visual pacer) with AquaTrainer coupled with either K4b2 or K5. Results: Post hoc tests showed that swimming speed was similar (mean diff.: −0.01 to 0.01 m·s−1; P = .73–.97), repeatable (intraclass correlation coefficient: .88–.99; P < .001), highly accurate, and precise (agreement; bias: −0.01 to 0.01 m·s−1; limits: −0.1 to 0.1 m·s−1) between all conditions. Ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses were highly comparable between all conditions, despite a “small” effect size for fraction of expired carbon dioxide at the sixth 200-m step (0.5%; ; P = .04) and carbon dioxide production at the fifth, sixth, and seventh 200-m steps (0.3–0.5 L·min−1; –.17; P = .01–.05). We also observed high accuracy, which was greater for tidal volume (0.0–0.1 L), minute ventilation (−3.7 to 5.1 L·min−1), respiratory frequency (bias: −2.1 to 1.9 breaths·min−1), and oxygen uptake (0.0–0.2 L·min−1). Bland–Altman plots showed that the distribution inside the limits of agreement and their respective 95% CIs were consistent for all ventilatory and cardiorespiratory data. The repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient) of tidal volume (.93–.97), minute ventilation (.82–.97), respiratory frequency (.68–.96), fraction of expired carbon dioxide (.85–.95), carbon dioxide production (.77–.95), fraction of expired oxygen (.78–.92), and oxygen uptake (.94–.98) data ranged from moderate to excellent (P < .001–.05). Conclusions: Swimming with the AquaTrainer coupled with K5 (breath-by-breath mode) yields accurate, precise, and repeatable ventilatory and cardiorespiratory responses when compared with K4b2 (previous gold standard). Swimming support staff, exercise and health professionals, and researchers can now relate differences between physiological capacities measured with the AquaTrainer while coupled with either of these 2 devices.
Exercise and Health Anxiety in Older Women: Exploring the Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity
Authors: Nah Kyoungsil , Olthuis Janine V.
Published: June 2023

Research shows that health anxiety significantly affects older adults’ health and quality of life. Although exercise may be associated with lower health anxiety, research on older adults is limited, and the mechanism remains unknown. This study examined the association between exercise and health anxiety in older women and the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity in this association. Participants were 166 women aged 65+ years, without health problems that prevented them from exercising. Participants were recruited via Facebook advertisements. They completed an online self-report questionnaire including measures of health anxiety, physical activity, and anxiety sensitivity. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the association between exercise and health anxiety, and the role of anxiety sensitivity as a mediator. Results indicated that greater participation in exercise was associated with lower health anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity mediated the association. Findings suggest that exercise-based interventions might prevent health anxiety in older adults.
Creating the “Dew Drop on a Rose Petal”: the Molecular Pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus Skin Lesions
Authors: Arvin Ann M.
Published: June 2023

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chicken pox) as the primary infection in a susceptible host. Varicella is very contagious through its transmission by direct contact with vesicular skin lesions that contain high titers of infectious virus and respiratory droplets.
Intravascular ultrasound characteristics of different types of stenosis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension with venous sinus stenosis
Authors: Raynald  , Chen Na , Yang Hongchao , Tong Xu , Sui Binbin , Qu Hui , Dong Kehui , Wang Yilong , Miao Zhongrong , Mo Dapeng
Published: June 2023

Background

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of different stenosis types in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients with venous sinus stenosis (VSS) using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who underwent IVUS evaluation during venography or stenting procedures between January 2014 and February 2022.

Results

Among the 80 patients with intrinsic lesions, 47 cases were identified, including 41 single lesions and 6 multiple lesions. Single lesions consisted of 36 cases of AG, 3 cases of brain herniation, and 2 cases of septation. Multiple intrinsic lesions were found in 6 patients, with AG observed in the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus. IVUS features varied depending on the anatomical variations of intrinsic stenosis. Additionally, among the 33 cases of extrinsic stenosis, two types were observed: unilateral compression (22 cases) and bilateral compression (11 cases), primarily affecting the transverse sinus.

Conclusion

IVUS effectively differentiated intrinsic and extrinsic types of stenosis and identified intraluminal and mural components of intrinsic stenosis.
Dural arteriovenous fistula onyx embolization through a non-visible previously embolized pedicle
Authors: Colasurdo Marco , Chen Huanwen , Khunte Mihir , Malhotra Ajay , Gandhi Dheeraj
Published: June 2023

Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are commonly treated with endovascular embolization, either through arterial or venous routes in single or multi-staged procedures. Treatment outcomes depend on multiple factors, including the patient’s clinical status, the anatomy of the malformation, and the operator’s experience, but technical success is also highly dependent on choice of neurovascular devices and embolic agents. When transvenous routes are not feasible and the most obvious transarterial routes do not appear safe, deep knowledge of the dynamic fluid properties of liquid embolics can be a valuable asset. We present a case(video 1) in which a complex skull-base dAVF was completely occluded through a non-visualized previously partially embolized arterial feeder. It is a unique case in which the embolization takes advantage of the peculiar fluid dynamic properties of non-adhesive embolic agents (Onyx-Medtronic, Minnesota, USA) 18 and 34.1–3

Video 1

 Technical video presenting a dAVF completely cured through a non-visible previously embolized arterial pedicle.
Anticitrullinated peptide antibody epitope expansion and the HLA DRB1 ‘shared epitope’ are less common in seropositive checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis than in longstanding rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ghosh Nilasha , Reid Pankti , Aude Carlos Andres , Kirschman Jessica , Goodman Susan , Bykerk Vivian P , Lakhanpal Amit , Rajesh Diviya , Chan Karmela K , Robinson William H , Bass Anne R
Published: June 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can potentially cause ICI-inflammatory arthritis (ICI-IA), which often resembles rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we examined the degree of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) epitope expansion in CCP+ICI-IA and patients with RA.

Methods

We used clinical data and serum from ICI-IA and patients with RA with early disease as well as longstanding disease. A custom, bead-based antigen array was used to identify IgG ACPA reactivities to 18 putative RA-associated citrullinated proteins. Hierarchical clustering software was used to create a heatmap to identify ACPA levels. Additionally, HLA DRB1 typing was performed on ICI-IA patients as well as controls of patients treated with ICI that did not develop ICI-IA (ICI controls).

Results

Compared to patients with CCP+RA, patients with CCP+ICI-IA were older (p<0.001), less likely to have positive rheumatoid factor (p<0.001) and had a shorter duration of symptoms (p<0.001). There were less ACPA levels and a lower number of distinct ACPA epitopes in the serum of patients with ICI-IA compared with longstanding patients with RA (p<0.001). Among those tested for HLA DRB1, there were no differences in the frequency of the shared epitope between those with ICI-IA and ICI controls.

Conclusion

Patients with ICI-IA had lower ACPA titres and targeted fewer ACPA epitopes than longstanding patients with RA, and there were no significant differences in the presence of the shared epitope between those that developed ICI-IA and ICI controls. It remains to be determined if ICI-IA represents an accelerated model of RA pathogenesis with ICI triggering a transition from preclinical to clinical disease.
Synthesis of α-Amino Acids via Electrochemical Fixation of CO2 to Imines Using Different Metal Cathodes
Authors: Dmitrieva Anastasia , Medvedev Jury J. , Medvedeva Xenia V. , Krivoshapkina Elena , Klinkova Anna
Published: June 2023

The electrochemical fixation of CO2 by imines has recently attracted an increased interest as sustainable strategy for the synthesis of α-amino acids and a green alternative to the traditional Strecker synthesis, which relies on highly toxic precursors. Despite the industrial prospects of the electrochemical approach, the catalyst material effects on the selectivity of the process are still purely understood, hindering rational catalyst design. Herein, we study the electrochemical fixation of CO2 by N-benzylideneaniline using a wide variety of cathode materials, including 10 polycrystalline metals (Ti, Zn, Au, Pd, Pt, Sn, Ag, Ni, Fe, Cu), glassy carbon, and Pd nanoparticles of different shapes. We found that among all studied bulk metals, Ti and Zn show the best results with above 93% faradaic efficiency of α-amino acid, while other materials show from good to low selectivity (12% for Sn). We also demonstrate that especially high current densities and nearly quantitative faradaic efficiency and selectivity of α-amino acids can be achieved by employing Pd nanoparticles.
First Cycle Cracking Behaviour Within Ni-Rich Cathodes During High-Voltage Charging
Authors: Wade A. , Llewellyn A. V. , Heenan T. M. M. , Tan C. , Brett D. J. L. , Jervis Rhodri , Shearing P. R.
Published: June 2023

Increasing the operating voltage of lithium-ion batteries unlocks access to a higher charge capacity and therefore increases the driving range in electric vehicles, but doing so results in accelerated degradation via various mechanisms. A mechanism of particular interest is particle cracking in the positive electrode, resulting in losses in capacity, disconnection of active material, electrolyte side reactions, and gas formation. In this study, NMC811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) half-cells are charged to increasing cut-off voltages, and ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray computed tomography are used to conduct post-mortem analysis of electrodes after their first charge in the delithiated state. In doing so, the lattice changes and extent of cracking that occur in early operation are uncovered. The reversibility of these effects is assessed through comparison to discharged cathodes undergoing a full cycle and have been relithiated. Comparisons to pristine lithiated electrodes show an increase in cracking for all electrodes as the voltage increases during delithiation, with the majority of cracks then closing upon lithiation.
Transient Simulation of Diffusion-Limited Electrodeposition Using Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method
Authors: Karimi-Sibaki E. , Vakhrushev A. , Wu M. , Ludwig A. , Bohacek J. , Kharicha A.
Published: June 2023

A numerical model utilizing the volume of fluid (VOF) method is proposed to simulate the transient shape changes of the deposit front, considering the diffusion-limited electrodeposition process. Modeling equations are proposed to accurately handle transport phenomena in both electrolyte (fluid) and deposit (solid). Transient evolutions of field structures, including flow, concentration, electric current density, and electric potential, are computed considering electrodeposited copper bumps. Two cases, including single cavity and multiple cavities, are studied. Based on the modeling results, the maximum height of the hump and the thickness of the deposited layer in each consecutive cavity decreases going from upstream to downstream. Conversely, the location of the maximum height of the hump remains unchanged in all cavities. Results are validated against available experiments.
EIS: Measurement Model Program - Version 1.8
Authors: Orazem Mark Edward , Watson William
Published: June 2023

This is version 1.8 of the measurement model, used to analyze electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. The measurement model installation file works with the MS Windows operating system. With this program, you will be able to identify the stochastic error structure of your measurements, used to weight further regressions. You will be able to determine what part of your measurement is inconsistent with the Kramers-Kronig relations. You will be able to estimate capacitance and ohmic resistance, from which you can identify the characteristic frequency above which the geometry of the electrode may cause frequency dispersion. You will also be able to fit custom models to your data. The reference manual, reached from the Help Tab, also provides links to sample data, custom models, and Python code.Changes from the original version include bug fixes, the ability to add an image such as an electrical circuit to the description of custom models, and an improved way to save and upload error structure models,Copyright ©2023, University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Tuberculosis Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Craciun Oana Marilena , Torres Malen del Rosario , Llanes Agustín Benito , Romay-Barja María
Published: June 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious agent in the world. Most tuberculosis cases are concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to better understand tuberculosis-related knowledge about TB disease, prevention, treatment and sources of information, attitudes towards TB patients and their stigmatization and prevention, diagnosis and treatment practices in the general population of middle- and low-income countries, with a high tuberculosis burden, and provide evidence for policy development and decision-making. A systematic review of 30 studies was performed. Studies reporting on knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys were selected for systematic review through database searching. Population knowledge about TB signs and symptoms, prevention practices, and treatment means was found inadequate. Stigmatization is frequent, and the reactions to possible diagnoses are negative. Access to health services is limited due to difficulties in transportation, distance, and economic cost. Deficiencies in knowledge and TB health-seeking practices were present regardless of the living area, gender, or country; however, it seems that there is a frequent association between less knowledge about TB and a lower socioeconomic and educational level. This study revealed gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practices in focused in middle- and low-income countries. Policymakers could take into account the evidence provided by the KAP surveys and adapt their strategies based on the identified gaps, promoting innovative approaches and empowering the communities as key stakeholders. It is necessary to develop education programs on symptoms, preventive practices, and treatment for TB, to reduce transmission and stigmatization. It becomes also necessary to provide communities with innovative healthcare solutions to reduce their barriers to access to diagnosis and treatment.
Explainable Transfer Learning‐Based Deep Learning Model for Pelvis Fracture Detection
Authors: Kassem Mohamed A. , Naguib Soaad M. , Hamza Hanaa M. , Fouda Mostafa M. , Saleh Mohamed K. , Hosny Khalid M.
Published: June 2023

Pelvis fracture detection is vital for diagnosing patients and making treatment decisions for traumatic pelvis injuries. Computer‐aided diagnostic approaches have recently become popular for assisting doctors in disease diagnosis, making their conclusions more trustworthy and error‐free. Inspecting X‐ray images with fractures needs a lot of time from experienced physicians. However, there is a lack of inexperienced radiologists in many hospitals to deal with these images. Therefore, this study presents an accurate computer‐aided‐diagnosing system based on deep learning for detecting pelvis fractures. In this research, we construct an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework for pelvis fracture classification. We used a dataset containing 876 X‐ray images (472 pelvis fractures and 404 normal images) to train the model. The obtained results are 98.5%, 98.5%, 98.5%, and 98.5% for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision.
The Insecticidal Activity of Neem and Palm Kernel Oils on Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) Infestations of Stored Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Gever Esther Rita , Echezona Bonaventure C.
Published: June 2023

Even though it has been established that neem oil has insecticidal properties, its desirability as a plant-based insecticide is unsuitable owing to the sulfurous odour it deposits on the grain(s) that makes it bitter and impinges on its acceptability. For this reason, another oil of plant origin, palm kernel oil (PKO), was admixed with it to reduce the bitter taste and test for their bioinsecticidal potential on the insect pest of stored cowpea seeds. The general objective was to determine the combined effect of neem and palm kernel oils in controlling bean weevil infestations of stored cowpea. The results showed that the treated seeds recorded a significantly higher (p<0.05) mortality of adult Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), a reduction in oviposition, and a decrease in the number of emerged insects with the interval of treatment application, and the seeds that were treated had a significantly lower adult emergence hole (p<0.05) and a reduction in % grain damage (p<0.05), and the weevil perforation index (WPI) was <100%. The findings of this study suggest that admixing neem oil and palm kernel oil has the potential insecticidal efficacy of controlling the bean weevil of stored cowpea, and based on the quantity of palm kernel oil mixed with neem oil, the seeds treated tend to have varying levels of bitterness and sulfurous odour deposit.
Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Yellow Mealworm as a Partial Fishmeal Replacer on Growth, Metabolism, and Intestinal Histomorphology in Juvenile Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)
Authors: Saavedra Margarida , Barata Marisa , Matias Ana Catarina , Couto Ana , Salem Ahmed , Ribeiro Laura , Pereira Teresa Gama , Gamboa Margarida , Lourenço-Marques Cátia , Soares Florbela , Dias Jorge , Pousão-Ferreira Pedro
Published: June 2023

Efforts have been made to find alternatives to fish meal (FM), as the sustainability of aquaculture depends on it. Insect meal (IM) is a potential candidate to partially replace FM, being more sustainable and economically viable. In this experimental trial, three diets were tested with different yellow mealworm incorporation: a control diet with no IM, a diet with an inclusion of 10% IM (Ins10), and a diet with an incorporation of 20% IM (Ins20). The diets were tested on 10.5 g meagre for 47 days. The results showed that an IM inclusion higher than 10% affected both growth (2.6 vs. 2.2) and FCR (1.5 vs. 1.9) of meagre juveniles. However, this reduction in growth did not result from lower protein retention or changes in muscle fibre area or density. Little differences were observed in the activity of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes except for aminopeptidase total activity which was higher in the control and Ins10 compared to Ins20 (3847 vs. 3540 mU/mg protein), suggesting no limitations in protein synthesis. Also, the alkaline phosphatase intestinal maturation index was higher in the control group compared to the IM groups (437 vs. 296). On the contrary, several differences were also found in the proteolytic activity in the hepatic and muscle tissues of meagre juveniles fed the Ins10 diet. The inclusion of IM had no impact on intestine histomorphology but changes were detected in the enterocytes of fish from control and Ins10 which showed hypervacuolization and nucleus misplacement compared to the Ins20 treatment. Nevertheless, a higher percentage of Vibrionaceae was recorded for meagre fed on the Ins20 diet. Since no signs of inflammation were observed in the distal intestine, this suggests IM incorporation could have had an important impact on intestinal health due to its antimicrobial properties. This is supported by an increase in the haematocrit in the treatments where IM was added (20 to 25%). In conclusion, incorporations of IM at percentages up to 10% do not seem to have a negative impact on meagre performance at this age but can enhance the fish immune system and protection against intestinal inflammation.
Supplementary Data from Genetic Modulation of BET1L Confers Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility by Reducing miRNA Binding and m6A Modification
Authors: Li Shuwei , Du Mulong , Xu Kaili , Ben Shuai , Zhu Tianru , Guo Mengfan , Xin Junyi , Zhu Lingjun , Gu Dongying , Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Meilin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Tables 1-19
Supplementary Table 7_Genes identified by differential expression analysis in pro vs non metastatic clones from A Rare Subset of Primary Tumor Cells with Concomitant Hyperactivation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and dsRNA-IFN1 Signaling Metastasizes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Roda Niccolò , Cossa Andrea , Hillje Roman , Tirelli Andrea , Ruscitto Federica , Cheloni Stefano , Priami Chiara , Dalmasso Alberto , Gambino Valentina , Blandano Giada , Polazzi Andrea , Falvo Paolo , Gatti Elena , Mazzarella Luca , Luzi Lucilla , Migliaccio Enrica , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table reporting the Genes identified by differential expression analysis in pro vs non metastatic clones
Supplementary Table 4_Marker genes all and some per cluster_GO and curated pathways per cluster from A Rare Subset of Primary Tumor Cells with Concomitant Hyperactivation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and dsRNA-IFN1 Signaling Metastasizes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Roda Niccolò , Cossa Andrea , Hillje Roman , Tirelli Andrea , Ruscitto Federica , Cheloni Stefano , Priami Chiara , Dalmasso Alberto , Gambino Valentina , Blandano Giada , Polazzi Andrea , Falvo Paolo , Gatti Elena , Mazzarella Luca , Luzi Lucilla , Migliaccio Enrica , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table including Marker genes (ALL and SOME settings) per cluster and GO and curated pathways per cluster
Data from N6-methyladenosine promotes translation of VEGFA to accelerate angiogenesis in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Haisheng , Zhou Jiawang , Li Jiexin , Wang Zhaotong , Chen Zhuojia , Lv Ziyan , Ge Lichen , Xie Guoyou , Deng Guoming , Rui Yalan , Huang Hongbing , Chen Likun , Wang Hongsheng
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Angiogenesis is hijacked by cancer to support tumor growth. RNA modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can regulate several aspects of cancer, including angiogenesis. Here, we find that m6A triggers angiogenesis in lung cancer by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), a central regulator of neovasculature and blood vessel growth. m6A-sequencing and functional studies confirmed that m6A modification of the 5’UTR of VEGFA positively regulates its translation. Specifically, methylation of a 5’UTR internal ribosome entry site (IRES) recruited the YTHDC2/eIF4GI complex to trigger cap-independent translation initiation. Intriguingly, the m6A methylation site A856 of the 5’UTR was located within the conserved upstream open reading frame (uORF) of VEGFA IRES-A, which overcomes uORF-mediated translation suppression while facilitating G-quadruplex-induced translation of VEGFA. Targeted specific demethylation of VEGFA m6A significantly decreased expression of VEGFA and reduced lung cancer cell-driven angiogenesis. In vivo and clinical data confirmed the positive effects of m6A modification of VEGFA on angiogenesis and tumor growth of lung cancer. This study not only reveals that the m6A/VEGFA axis is a potential target for lung cancer therapy but also expands our understanding of the impact of m6A modification of IRES in the 5’UTR of mRNA on translation regulation.
Data from A germline variant in the BET1L 3’-UTR confers colorectal cancer susceptibility by reducing miRNA binding and m6A modification
Authors: Li Shuwei , Du Mulong , Xu Kaili , Ben Shuai , Zhu Tianru , Guo Mengfan , Xin Junyi , Zhu Lingjun , Gu Dongying , Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Meilin
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Genetic variants in regions encoding 3’-untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNA potentially alter miRNA binding affinity and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels to affect gene expression. A better understanding of the association of these variants with colorectal cancer susceptibility could facilitate development of cancer prevention and treatment approaches. Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles and integrated genetic analyses from 8,533 individuals to evaluate the effects of altered miRNA-binding sites on colorectal cancer risk. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs11245997 in the BET1L 3’-UTR was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. The rs11245997 A allele facilitated BET1L expression by disrupting miR-140-3p binding. It also reduced BET1L m6A modification, which upregulated BET1L mRNA and protein expression levels through a mechanism mediated by the m6A methyltransferases (METTL14 and WTAP) and the m6A demethylase ALKBH5. Moreover, higher expression of BET1L was associated with advanced tumor stages and poor patient prognosis. Increased BET1L expression promoted growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which could be partially rescued with miR-140-3p overexpression. RNA-Seq and pathway analyses indicated that BET1L is associated with the steroid biosynthesis pathway through regulation of HSD17B7, CYP27B1 and COMT. These findings provide insights into the involvement of genetic variants of BET1L in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
Data from MEN1 Degradation Induced by Neddylation and the CUL4B–DCAF7 Axis Promotes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression
Authors: Xu Junfeng , Ye Zeng , Zhuo Qifeng , Gao Heli , Qin Yi , Lou Xin , Zhang Wuhu , Wang Fei , Wang Yan , Jing Desheng , Fan Guixiong , Zhang Yue , Chen Xuemin , Chen Jie , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Xianjun , Ji Shunrong
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) are a group of rare sporadic malignant tumors in the pancreas. MEN1 is the most frequently mutated gene in PanNETs. The MEN1-encoded protein is a typical tumor suppressor that forms a complex with epigenetic and transcription factors and is an attractive target for therapeutic interventions for patients with PanNET. A better understanding of the regulation of MEN1 protein expression in PanNETs could identify strategies for targeting MEN1. Here, we found that the neddylation pathway and DCAF7-mediated ubiquitination regulated MEN1 protein expression. Increased expression of members of the neddylation pathway and DCAF7 was found in PanNET tissues compared with paired-adjacent tissues and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with PanNET. Suppression of neddylation using the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 or RNA interference significantly induced MEN1 accumulation and repressed cancer-related malignant phenotypes. CUL4B and DCAF7 promoted MEN1 degradation by binding and catalyzing its ubiquitination. In PanNET cells resistant to everolimus, a pharmacologic mTOR inhibitor widely used for advanced PanNET patient treatment, the downregulation of DCAF7 expression overcame resistance and synergized with everolimus to suppress mTOR activation and to inhibit cancer cell growth. The effects of DCAF7 loss could be counteracted by the simultaneous knockdown of MEN1 both in vitro and in vivo. The inverse correlation between DCAF7 and MEN1 was further validated in clinical specimens. This study revealed that the posttranslational control of MEN1 expression in PanNET is mediated by neddylation and the CUL4B–DCAF7 axis and identifies potential therapeutic targets in patients with MEN1-associated PanNET.
Significance:
Identification of neddylation and ubiquitination pathways that regulate MEN1 protein stability provides an opportunity for therapeutic interventions for treating patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Data from Attenuation of Sialylation Augments Antitumor Immunity and Improves Response to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cao Kankan , Zhang Guodong , Yang Moran , Wang Yiying , He Mengdi , Zhang Chen , Huang Yan , Lu Jiaqi , Liu Haiou
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aberrant sialylation functions as an important modulator of all steps of malignant transformation. Therefore, targeting sialylation regulators, such as sialyltransferases and neuraminidases, is a potential strategy for treating cancer. Here, we found that elevated α2,3-sialyltransferase III (St3gal3) was associated with dismal prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). St3gal3 knockdown antagonized subcutaneous tumor growth in immunocompetent, but not immunodeficient mice, with enhanced accumulation of functional CD8+ T cells and antitumor immune gene signatures. St3gal3 knockdown inhibited intraperitoneal tumor growth and repolarized tumor-associated macrophages from a protumorigenic M2-like to a tumor-suppressive M1-like phenotype. In vitro, St3gal3 knockdown tumor cells guided bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) toward the M1-like phenotype under both direct contact and distant Transwell coculture conditions. Depletion of macrophages rescued the suppressed tumor growth induced by St3gal3 knockdown and completely suppressed infiltration of functional CD8+ T cells that rely on macrophage-derived CXCL10. St3gal3 engendered an immunosuppressive HGSC microenvironment characterized by an abundance of pro-tumorigenic macrophages and reduced cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. In vivo, St3gal3 knockdown improved effectiveness of dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with αPD-1 and αCTLA4 antibodies. Preclinical inhibition of sialylation with ambroxol resulted in decreased tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, which was enhanced by the addition of dual ICB. These findings indicate that altered sialylation induced by St3gal3 upregulation promotes a tumor-suppressive microenvironment in HGSC and targeting α2,3-sialylation may reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Significance:
Blocking sialylation augments antitumor immunity and enhances response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach for treating patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Data from Periostin+ stromal cells guide lymphovascular invasion by cancer cells
Authors: Null Jamie L. , Kim Dae Joong , McCann James V. , Pramoonjago Patcharin , Fox Jay W. , Zeng Jianhao , Kumar Pankaj , Edatt Lincy , Pecot Chad V. , Dudley Andrew C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cancer cell dissemination to sentinel lymph nodes associates with poor patient outcomes, particularly in breast cancer. The process by which cancer cells egress from the primary tumor upon interfacing with the lymphatic vasculature is complex and driven by dynamic interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The matricellular protein periostin can distinguish CAF subtypes in breast cancer and is associated with increased desmoplasia and disease recurrence in patients. However, since periostin is secreted, periostin-expressing CAFs are difficult to characterize in situ, limiting our understanding of their specific contribution to cancer progression. Here, we used in vivo genetic labeling and ablation to lineage trace periostin+ cells and characterize their functions during tumor growth and metastasis. Periostin-expressing CAFs were spatially found at periductal and perivascular margins, were enriched at lymphatic vessel peripheries, and were differentially activated by highly-metastatic cancer cells versus poorly-metastatic counterparts. Surprisingly, genetically depleting periostin+ CAFs slightly accelerated primary tumor growth but impaired intratumoral collagen organization and inhibited lymphatic, but not lung, metastases. Periostin ablation in CAFs impaired their ability to deposit aligned collagen matrices and inhibited cancer cell invasion through collagen and across lymphatic endothelial cell monolayers. Thus, highly-metastatic cancer cells mobilize periostin-expressing CAFs in the primary tumor site that promote collagen remodeling and collective cell invasion within lymphatic vessels and ultimately to sentinel lymph nodes.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Cost-effectiveness of p16/Ki-67 Dual-Stained Cytology Reflex Following Co-testing with hrHPV Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Harper Diane M. , Anderson Rye J. , Baker Ed , Yu Tiffany M.
Published: June 2023

Supplemental Figure S1 shows tornado diagrams of range of results observed in the one-way sensitivity analyses
Data from Cost-effectiveness of p16/Ki-67 Dual-Stained Cytology Reflex Following Co-testing with hrHPV Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Harper Diane M. , Anderson Rye J. , Baker Ed , Yu Tiffany M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The first biomarker-based cervical cancer screening test, p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology (DS), has been clinically validated and approved in the United States for triage of women being screened for cervical cancer who test positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). The primary aim of this work is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DS triage after co-testing findings of positive non-16/18 HPV types and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytology. A payer-perspective Markov microsimulation model was developed to assess the impact of DS reflex testing. Each comparison simulated 12,250 screening-eligible women through health states defined by hrHPV status and genotype, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1–3, invasive cervical cancer (ICC) by stage, and cancer-related or non-cancer death. Screening test performance data were from the IMPACT clinical validation trial. Transition probabilities were from population and natural history studies. Costs of baseline medical care, screening visits, tests, procedures, and ICC were included. DS reflex after co-testing was cost-effective with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per quality-adjusted life-year gained of $15,231 [95% confidence interval (CI), $10,717–$25,400] compared with co-testing with hrHPV pooled primary and genotyped reflex testing, and $23,487 (95% CI, $15,745–$46,175) compared with co-testing with hrHPV genotyping with no reflex test. Screening and medical costs and life-years increased, while ICC costs and risk of ICC death decreased. Incorporating DS reflex into co-testing cervical cancer screening algorithms is projected to be cost-effective.
Prevention Relevance:
The p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology (DS) test was recently approved in the United States as a reflex test for cervical cancer screening following positive high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test results. Adding DS reflex to hrHPV and cervical cytology co-testing strategies in the United States is expected to be cost-effective per life-year or quality-adjusted life-year gained.
Supplementary Figure S1-S11 and Table S1 from Splicing Factor SRSF1 Promotes Pancreatitis and KRASG12D-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wan Ledong , Lin Kuan-Ting , Rahman Mohammad Alinoor , Ishigami Yuma , Wang Zhikai , Jensen Mads A. , Wilkinson John E. , Park Youngkyu , Tuveson David A. , Krainer Adrian R.
Published: June 2023

Figure S1. Elevated SRSF1 induces pancreatitis and is associated with its duration. Figure S2. Elevated SRSF1 predicts poor PDAC clinical prognosis and is associated with PDAC progression. Figure S3. SRSF1 accelerates KRASG12D-mediated PDAC tumorigenesis. Figure S4. SRSF1 loss delays KRASG12D-mediated PDAC initiation. Figure S5. Opposite patterns of pathway enrichment by KRASG12D mutation versus SRSF1 upregulation. Figure S6. Recombination and activation of KrasG12D allele in pancreas cells from KC mice. Figure S7. KSC and KPSC mice exhibit a hyper-activated MAPK pathway, suppression of which diminished SRSF1-induced pancreatitis. Figure S8. Decreased SRSF1 expression perturbs MAPK signaling. Figure S9. MYC promotes SRSF1 expression in PDAC. Figure S10. SRSF1 regulates IL1R1 alternative splicing and expression. Figure S11. Knockout of Il1r1 rescues SRSF1-induced pancreatitis. Table S1. Oligonucleotides for PCR and short hairpin RNAs.
Supplementary Figure 12 from Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Guenther Kerstin , Andersson Borje S. , Mendrzyk Regina , Alpert Amir , Wagner Claudia , Nowak Anna , Aslan Katrin , Satelli Arun , Richter Fabian , Kuttruff-Coqui Sabrina , Schoor Oliver , Fritsche Jens , Coughlin Zoe , Mohamed Ali S. , Sieger Kerry , Norris Becky , Ort Rita , Beck Jennifer , Vo Henry Hiep , Hoffgaard Franziska , Ruh Manuel , Backert Linus , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Fuhrmann David , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Morris Van Karlyle , Kee Bryan K. , Halperin Daniel M. , Nogueras-Gonzalez Graciela M. , Kebriaei Partow , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Vining David , Hwu Patrick , Singh Harpreet , Reinhardt Carsten , Britten Cedrik M. , Hilf Norbert , Weinschenk Toni , Maurer Dominik , Walter Steffen
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure 12