bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Seasonal Climatic Anomalies on Zoo Visitation in Toronto (Canada) and the Implications for Projected Climate Change
Authors: Hewer Micah , Gough William
Published: May 2016

This study uses a multi-year temporal climate analogue approach to explore zoo visitor responses to seasonal climatic anomalies and assess the impacts of projected climate change on zoo visitation in Toronto, Canada. A new method for selecting a representative weather station was introduced which ranks surrounding stations based on “climatic distance” rather than physical distance alone. Two years representing anomalously warm temperature conditions and two years representing climatically normal temperature conditions were identified for each season from within the study period from 1999 to 2015. Two years representing anomalously wet precipitation conditions and two years representing anomalously dry precipitation conditions were also identified. F-tests and t-tests were employed to determine if the apparent differences in zoo visitation between the temperature and precipitation paired groupings were statistically significant. A “selective ensemble” of seasonal Global Climate Model (GCM) output from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report was used to determine when these anomalous temperature and precipitation conditions may become the norm in the future. When anomalously warm winters and springs occurred within the historical record, total zoo visitation in those seasons increased significantly. Inversely, when anomalously warm summers occurred, total summer season zoo visitation decreased significantly. Temperature anomalies in the autumn season did not result in any significant differences in total autumn season zoo visitation. Finally, apart from in the spring season, there were no significant differences in total zoo visitation between anomalously wet and dry seasons.
Cognition, Information Fields and Hologenomic Entanglement: Evolution in Light and Shadow
Authors: Miller William
Published: May 2016

As the prime unification of Darwinism and genetics, the Modern Synthesis continues to epitomize mainstay evolutionary theory. Many decades after its formulation, its anchor assumptions remain fixed: conflict between macro organic organisms and selection at that level represent the near totality of any evolutionary narrative. However, intervening research has revealed a less easily appraised cellular and microbial focus for eukaryotic existence. It is now established that all multicellular eukaryotic organisms are holobionts representing complex collaborations between the co-aligned microbiome of each eukaryote and its innate cells into extensive mixed cellular ecologies. Each of these ecological constituents has demonstrated faculties consistent with basal cognition. Consequently, an alternative hologenomic entanglement model is proposed with cognition at its center and conceptualized as Pervasive Information Fields within a quantum framework. Evolutionary development can then be reconsidered as being continuously based upon communication between self-referential constituencies reiterated at every scope and scale. Immunological reactions support and reinforce self-recognition juxtaposed against external environmental stresses.
The Role of Avocados in Complementary and Transitional Feeding
Authors: Comerford Kevin , Ayoob Keith , Murray Robert , Atkinson Stephanie
Published: May 2016

Infant dietary patterns tend to be insufficient sources of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, as well as excessive in salt, added sugars, and overall energy. Despite the serious long-term health risks associated with suboptimal fruit and vegetable intake, a large percentage of infants and toddlers in the U.S. do not consume any fruits or vegetables on a daily basis. Since not all fruits and vegetables are nutritionally similar, guidance on the optimal selection of fruits and vegetables should emphasize those with the greatest potential for nutrition and health benefits. A challenge is that the most popularly consumed fruits for this age group (i.e., apples, pears, bananas, grapes, strawberries) do not closely fit the current general recommendations since they tend to be overly sweet and/or high in sugar. Unsaturated oil-containing fruits such as avocados are nutritionally unique among fruits in that they are lower in sugar and higher in fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids than most other fruits, and they also have the proper consistency and texture for first foods with a neutral flavor spectrum. Taken together, avocados show promise for helping to meet the dietary needs of infants and toddlers, and should be considered for inclusion in future dietary recommendations for complementary and transitional feeding.
Factors That Improve RT-QuIC Detection of Prion Seeding Activity
Authors: Orrú Christina , Hughson Andrew , Groveman Bradley , Campbell Katrina , Anson Kelsie , Manca Matteo , Kraus Allison , Caughey Byron
Published: May 2016

Rapid and sensitive detection of prions is important in managing prion diseases. The real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay for prion seeding activity has been applied to many prion diseases and provides for specific antemortem diagnostic testing. We evaluated RT-QuIC’s long-term consistency and varied multiple reaction parameters. Repeated assays of a single scrapie sample using multiple plate readers and recombinant prion protein (rPrPSen) substrates gave comparable results. N-terminal truncated hamster rPrPSen (residues 90–231) hastened both prion-seeded and prion-independent reactions but maintained a clear kinetic distinction between the two. Raising temperatures or shaking speeds accelerated RT-QuIC reactions without compromising specificity. When applied to nasal brushings from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients, higher temperatures accelerated RT-QuIC kinetics, and the use of hamster rPrPSen (90–231) strengthened RT-QuIC responses. Elongation of shaking periods reduced scrapie-seeded reaction times, but continuous shaking promoted false-positive reactions. Furthermore, pH 7.4 provided for more rapid RT-QuIC reactions than more acidic pHs. Additionally, we show that small variations in the amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) significantly impacted the assay. Finally, RT-QuIC performed in multiplate thermoshakers followed by fluorescence readings in separate plate readers enhanced assay throughput economically. Collectively, these results demonstrate improved speed, efficacy and practicality of RT-QuIC assays and highlight variables to be optimized for future applications.
N-Glycans on the Rift Valley Fever Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Gn and Gc Redundantly Support Viral Infection via DC-SIGN
Authors: Phoenix Inaia , Nishiyama Shoko , Lokugamage Nandadeva , Hill Terence , Huante Matthew , Slack Olga , Carpio Victor , Freiberg Alexander , Ikegami Tetsuro
Published: May 2016

Rift Valley fever is a mosquito-transmitted, zoonotic disease that infects humans and ruminants. Dendritic cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3) grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) acts as a receptor for members of the phlebovirus genus. The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins (Gn/Gc) encode five putative N-glycan sequons (asparagine (N)–any amino acid (X)–serine (S)/threonine (T)) at positions: N438 (Gn), and N794, N829, N1035, and N1077 (Gc). The N-glycosylation profile and significance in viral infection via DC-SIGN have not been elucidated. Gc N-glycosylation was first evaluated by using Gc asparagine (N) to glutamine (Q) mutants. Subsequently, we generated a series of recombinant RVFV MP-12 strain mutants, which encode N-to-Q mutations, and the infectivity of each mutant in Jurkat cells stably expressing DC-SIGN was evaluated. Results showed that Gc N794, N1035, and N1077 were N-glycosylated but N829 was not. Gc N1077 was heterogeneously N-glycosylated. RVFV Gc made two distinct N-glycoforms: “Gc-large” and “Gc-small”, and N1077 was responsible for “Gc-large” band. RVFV showed increased infection of cells expressing DC-SIGN compared to cells lacking DC-SIGN. Infection via DC-SIGN was increased in the presence of either Gn N438 or Gc N1077. Our study showed that N-glycans on the Gc and Gn surface glycoproteins redundantly support RVFV infection via DC-SIGN.
Midterm Results After Coated and Uncoated TKA: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Beyer Franziska , Lützner Cornelia , Kirschner Stephan , Lützner Jörg
Published: May 2016

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) who have hypersensitivity to metals usually receive hypoallergenic TKA implants. Coating of a standard implant is a common solution. Although in vitro tests have demonstrated reduction in polyethylene wear for these coatings, it is unknown whether these costly implants have a clinical benefit for patients. One hundred twenty patients undergoing TKA were randomly assigned to receive a novel 7-layer-coating implant or a standard TKA implant. One revision occurred in the standard group, resulting in a calculated 5-year survival of 100% in the coated group and 98.1% in the standard group. The Oxford Knee Score improved substantially in both groups from a mean of 21.6 points preoperatively in the coated group and 21.9 points in the standard group to 39.2 points and 39.2 points, respectively. The current authors observed no adverse effects with the new coating during midterm follow-up. However, longer follow-up time is needed to evaluate possible advantages of this coating. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(3):S13–S17.]
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Educational Hypermedia
Authors: Singh Anne-Marie , Kalyuga Slava
Published: May 2016

With advancement in technology, hypermedia learning environments are becoming more common in education. Such environments present the multiple representations of information in a non-linear and non-sequential format, allowing the learners to enhance their retention and transfer of knowledge by selecting and sequencing their learning paths. Research into expert-novice differences has suggested that learner prior knowledge has major implications for learning. This chapter considers the role of learner prior knowledge in enhancing the effectiveness of hypermedia learning from a cognitive load perspective. Cognitive load theory is an instructional theory that investigates instructional means of managing limitations of human cognitive system, primarily processing limitations of working memory. The chapter reviews recent studies of cognitive load theory-generated techniques for learners with different levels of prior knowledge and relevant research in hypermedia learning. The chapter concludes with evidence-based recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of educational hypermedia.
Complexity Ramifications of High Stakes Examinations as a Measure of Accountability in Education Systems
Authors: Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi , Bodio Shakira
Published: May 2016

Examinations occupy a strategic position in our lives and society today. In a situation where moral principles, rules and regulations for conducting examinations are truncated by either teacher or the learner, the validity and reliability of examination and certification are at risk. The nature and process of examination is something that should be looked into deeply having known the role of examination in our lives. That is essence of this paper; the way high-stakes examinations have affected various aspects of the education system in the realm of teaching, learning, assessment, discipline, roles of stakeholders, teachers' beliefs, community expectations, functional role of education, educational outcomes, individual differences, psychological status of learners, educational returns, school completion etc. This paper articulated these issues in terms of using high-stakes examinations as a measure of accountability in the education system and premised on the level of faith placed on these high-stakes examinations irrespective of educational value thereof.
Primary Stability of Uncemented Total Hip Stems with Different Ceramic and Titanium Surface Coatings
Authors: Dammer Rebecca , Fritsche Andreas , Link Helmut D. , Zietz Carmen , Bader Rainer
Published: May 2016

The necessity of coatings for endoprosthetic implants is discussed controversially. Thereby hydroxyapatite coatings are objects of the debate [1, 2]. Therefore, we investigated four different coatings (calcium-phosphate (CaP), titanium-calcium-phosphate (TiCaP), titanium-plasma-spray (TPS) and bilayer-composite calcium-phosphate (CaP-bc)) in comparison with rough uncoated test specimens to evaluate the impact of the osteoconductive coatings on the initial implant stability which is the key factor for its secondary stability. Dimensions of the test specimens were defined according to a conventional total hip stem and their geometry was simplified to a conical one for comparison of the surface-related parameters. The specimens were force-controlled pressed in artificial bone counterparts made of foam material while the displacement was monitored by the test machine to determine the subsidence behavior. Consecutively a displacement-controlled axial extraction of the test specimens was performed and the pull-out force was recorded. Roughness and geometry of the test specimens before testing were measured and correlated to type of coating and initial stability. The uncoated specimens showed highest extraction forces (3.9 kN) with moderate surface roughness compared to the coated specimens. In contrary to our assumption no correlation between surface roughness and the measured subsidence as well as pull-out force was found and a reduced subsidence or increased pull-out force for the different titanium and calcium-phosphate coatings could not be derived from the experimental tests.
Interface Function and Cefazolin-Adsorption-Release Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite Granules Modified by Supersonic Treatment Techniques
Authors: Akazawa Toshiyuki , Murata Masaru , Minamida Yasuhito , Kabir Md. Arafat , Ito Manabu , Sakamoto Michiko , Nakajima Takehiko
Published: May 2016

Commercial hydroxyapatite (HAp) porous granules were designed by the supersonic treatment at 120W and 38 kHz for 15 min in parenteral fluids (amino-acids (PF-A), electrolytes and carbohydrates (PF-EC), the mixtures (PF-M)) to form PF-A/HAp, PF-EC/HAp and PF-M/HAp. The modified HAp kept spherical shape and exhibited adhesive aggregates originated from parenteral fluid components on the surface layer. The BET specific surface areas decreased from 39 m2・g-1 to 19-24 m2・g-1. The granules dried at 293K were stirred at 309.5 K in 0.5-2.5 mg・cm-3 CEZ saline solutions. Adsorption isotherms of CEZ for all the granules almost obeyed the Langmuir type-equation. The amounts of CEZ adsorbed on the modified HAp were larger than those on HAp. Regarding CEZ-release characteristics in a biomimetic environment, the CEZ-adsorbed granules were freeze-dried or dried at 293K and they were stirred at 309.5K and pH 7.40 in simulated body fluid (SBF). The CEZ-release efficiencies for granules freeze-dried into SBF were significantly higher than those for granules dried at 293K. The values of granules freeze-dried were 37-43% for PF-A/HAp, 75-83% for PF-EC/HAp, and 56-64% for PF-M/HAp, which were related to the interface function, such as hydrophilicity of surface and multilayer film thickness of water molecule.
Value Added Bioceramics: A Review of the Developments and Progress in India
Authors: Sampath Kumar T.S.
Published: May 2016

The development of the calcium phosphate ceramics (CPC) using natural materials such as coral, eggshell, bovine bone, fish bone etc., from Indian origin have been reviewed. The CPCs from natural sources has the benefit that they inherit some of the properties of the raw materials such as the macro-and micro-pore structure, optimal composition, similar morphology etc., as well as the advantage of unlimited world wide availability at a very low raw material cost. Hydroxyapatite (HA), carbonated HA and fluorapatite from natural coral genus "Goniopora” has been obtained. Growth factor loaded coralline HA has been found to significantly accelerate early-stage bone formation in in vivo rabbit model studies. Sea shells have been tested as the source of calcium for electrochemical deposition of HA on titanium implants. Deproteinized hydroxyl carbonate apatite phase was formed by heating adult bovine tibia at 500o C. As eggshell could be easily procured, a great deal of effort has been made to utilize this resource as value-added CPCs including nanocrystalline HA (OHA), calcium deficient HA (CDHA), TCP, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) etc., which are the most widely used bone substitutes. Also OHA showed higher antibiotic delivery and more controlled protein release profile compared to the synthetic apatites. Eggshell derived CPCs were also found to have minor amount of Mg, Sr, Si and Na ions inherited from the eggshell. As these ions are crucial for bio-mineralization of eggshell, the influence of multi-ions substituted CPCs as a potential bioceramic for bone regenerative applications has been emphasised.
Novel Bioceramic Production via Mechanochemical Conversion from Plate Limpet (Tectura scutum) - Shells
Authors: Inan Ahmet Talat , Gunduz Oguzhan , Sahin Yesim Muge , Ekren Nazmi , Salman S. , Chou Joshua , Ben-Nissan Besim , Gokce Hasan , Oktar Faik Nuzhet
Published: May 2016

Calcium phosphates are very important biomaterials for orthopaedic and dental applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the important phases used for grafting. Those are produced from synthetic and natural sources with various methods. Especially nano-bioceramics can be produced through calcitic and aragonitic structures (i.e. mussel shells, sea snail shells, land snail shells and sea urchin shells). The plate limpet shells were used. The plate limpet is a gastropod, a soft-bodied invertebrate (an animal without a backbone) that is protected by a very hard, flattened conical shell. In this study the Plate Limpet (Tectura scutum) shells were obtained from a local gift store in Istanbul. The habitation of these limpets broadens from south Alaska down to California - Mexico. First the exact CaCO3 content was measured with thermal analysis (DTA/TGA). Here in this study agitation was carried out on a hot-plate (i.e. mechano-chemical processing). First the temperature was set at 80 °C for 15 min. Then equivalent amount to CaO H3PO4 was added dropwise for HA phase formation and the reaction was set on a hotplate for 8 hours. The dried sediments HA part was divided into 2 groups. One group was sintered to 835 °C and second group to 855 °C. Here x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were performed. From the study various HA phases and TCP phases were obtained. A previous study done with Atlantic Deer Cowrie encourages nanobioceramic production from natural sources. This study proposes that mechanochemical agitation with very simple way for producing nano-sized calcium phosphates for future bioengineering scaffold applications.
Overlaid Ultrathin Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Sheet Improves Dentinal Permeability Inhibition Rate
Authors: Kato Nobuhiro , Ido Yuki , Yamamoto Ei , Yasuo Kenzo , Yoshikawa Kazushi , Hontsu Shigeki
Published: May 2016

Dentin hypersensitivity is induced by mechanical stimuli or heat stimuli applied via exposed dentin tubules. Resin coating and laser-irradiation are used for treatment but have some problems such as poor biocompatibility or difficulty for laser power setting. We have been developing a treatment that creates artificial tooth enamel by attaching flexible ultrathin calcium phosphate sheet to seal the dentin tubule orifice. In this study, the quantitative evaluation of dentinal permeability inhibition rate (DPIR) improved by attaching ultrathin amorphous calcium phosphate (APC) sheets on human dentin in vitro is presented. The obtained DPIR by overlaid APC sheets application was 81.1 ± 5.7 %.
Dynamical Modeling and Intelligent Control of Aeration Process for Pollutants Degradation in Technics of SBR
Authors: Tao Hong Jian , Xu Hu
Published: May 2016

Aimed at the puzzle of the pollutant degradation of sewage treatment in technics of SBR being difficult to implement the mathematical modeling and precise control, the paper researched on the modeling and control of the aeration process in sewage treatment. In the paper, it pointed out the technical difficulties existed in pollutant degradation control, analyzed the cybernetics characteristic in pollutant degradation process, built the mathematical model of control process based on the mechanism of biochemical reaction, proposed the control strategy matched with the cybernetics characteristic of aeration process, constructed the control algorithm based on human simulate intelligence. Taken the built process control model as an example, the simulation experiments demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed control strategy. The research results show that the built model and proposed control strategy are feasible and applicable.
Emission factors for gaseous and particulate pollutants from offshore diesel engine vessels in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Yingjun , Tian Chongguo , Lou Diming , Li Jun , Zhang Gan , Matthias Volker
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Shipping emissions have significant influence on atmospheric environment as well as human health, especially in coastal areas and the harbour districts. However, the contribution of shipping emissions on the environment in China still need to be clarified especially based on measurement data, with the large number ownership of vessels and the rapid developments of ports, international trade and shipbuilding industry. Pollutants in the gaseous phase (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds) and particle phase (particulate matter, organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfates, nitrate, ammonia, metals) in the exhaust from three different diesel-engine-powered offshore vessels in China (350, 600 and 1600 kW) were measured in this study. Concentrations, fuel-based and power-based emission factors for various operating modes as well as the impact of engine speed on emissions were determined. Observed concentrations and emission factors for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter were higher for the low-engine-power vessel (HH) than for the two higher-engine-power vessels (XYH and DFH); for instance, HH had NOx EF (emission factor) of 25.8 g kWh−1 compared to 7.14 and 6.97 g kWh−1 of DFH, and XYH, and PM EF of 2.09 g kWh−1 compared to 0.14 and 0.04 g kWh−1 of DFH, and XYH. Average emission factors for all pollutants except sulfur dioxide in the low-engine-power engineering vessel (HH) were significantly higher than that of the previous studies (such as 30.2 g kg−1 fuel of CO EF compared to 2.17 to 19.5 g kg−1 fuel in previous studies, 115 g kg−1 fuel of NOx EF compared to 22.3 to 87 g kg−1 fuel in previous studies and 9.40 g kg−1 fuel of PM EF compared to 1.2 to 7.6 g kg−1 fuel in previous studies), while for the two higher-engine-power vessels (DFH and XYH), most of the average emission factors for pollutants were comparable to the results of the previous studies, engine type was one of the most important influence factors for the differences. Emission factors for all three vessels were significantly different during different operating modes. Organic carbon and elemental carbon were the main components of particulate matter, while water-soluble ions and elements were present in trace amounts. The test inland ships and some test offshore vessels in China always had higher EFs for CO, NOx, and PM than previous studies. Besides, due to the significant influence of engine type on shipping emissions and that no accurate local EFs could be used in inventory calculation, much more measurement data for different vessels in China are still in urgent need. Best-fit engine speeds during actual operation should be based on both emission factors and economic costs.
Argon offline-AMS source apportionment of organic aerosol over yearly cycles for an urban, rural and marine site in Northern Europe
Authors: Bozzetti C. , Sosedova Y. , Xiao M. , Daellenbach K. R. , Ulevicius V. , Dudoitis V. , Mordas G. , Byčenkienė S. , Plauškaitė K. , Vlachou A. , Golly B. , Chazeau B. , Besombes J.-L. , Baltensperger U. , Jaffrezo J.-L. , Slowik J. G. , El Haddad I. , Prévôt A. S. H.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The widespread use of Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) has greatly improved real-time organic aerosol (OA) monitoring, providing mass spectra that contain sufficient information for source apportionment. However, AMS field deployments remain expensive and demanding, limiting the acquisition of long-term datasets at many sampling sites. The offline application of aerosol mass spectrometry entailing the analysis of nebulized water extracted filter samples (offline-AMS) increases the spatial coverage accessible to AMS measurements, being filters routinely collected at many stations worldwide. PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 1 µm) filter samples were collected during an entire year in Lithuania at three different locations representative of three typical environments of the South-East Baltic region: Vilnius (urban background), Rūgšteliškis (rural terrestrial), and Preila (rural coastal). Aqueous filter extracts were nebulized in Ar, yielding the first AMS measurements of water-soluble atmospheric organic aerosol (WSOA) without interference from air fragments. This enables direct measurement of the CO+ fragment contribution, whose intensity is typically assumed to be equal to that of CO2+. Offline-AMS spectra reveal that the water soluble CO2+ : CO+ ratio not only shows values systematically < 1 but is also dependent on season, with lower values in winter than in summer. AMS WSOA spectra were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), yielding 5 factors: traffic exhaust OA (TEOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), local OA (LOA) contributing significantly only in Vilnius, and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors distinguished by seasonal variability. AMS-PMF source apportionment results were consistent with those obtained from PMF applied to marker concentrations (i.e. major inorganic ions, OC / EC, and organic markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, hopanes, long-chain alkanes, monosaccharides, anhydrous sugars, and lignin fragmentation products). OA was the largest fraction of PM1 and was dominated by BBOA during winter with an average concentration of 2 µg m−3 (53 % of OA), while summer-OOA (S-OOA), probably related to biogenic emissions was the prevalent OA source during summer with an average concentration of 1.2 µg m−3 (45 % of OM). PMF ascribed a large part of the CO+ explained variability (97 %) to the OOA and BBOA factors. Accordingly we discuss a new CO+ parameterization as a function of CO2+, and C2H4O2+ fragments, which were selected to describe the variability of the OOA and BBOA factors.
Geoengineering as a design problem
Authors: Kravitz Ben , MacMartin Douglas G. , Wang Hailong , Rasch Philip J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Understanding the climate impacts of solar geoengineering is essential for evaluating its benefits and risks. Most previous simulations have prescribed a particular strategy and evaluated its modeled effects. Here we turn this approach around by first choosing example climate objectives and then designing a strategy to meet those objectives in climate models. There are four essential criteria for designing a strategy: (i) an explicit specification of the objectives, (ii) defining what climate forcing agents to modify so the objectives are met, (iii) a method for managing uncertainties, and (iv) independent verification of the strategy in an evaluation model. We demonstrate this design perspective through two multi-objective examples. First, changes in Arctic temperature and the position of tropical precipitation due to CO2 increases are offset by adjusting high-latitude insolation in each hemisphere independently. Second, three different latitude-dependent patterns of insolation are modified to offset CO2-induced changes in global mean temperature, interhemispheric temperature asymmetry, and the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient. In both examples, the "design" and "evaluation" models are state-of-the-art fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models.
Multi-quadric collocation model of horizontal crustal movement
Authors: Chen Gang , Zeng Anmin , Ming Feng , Jing Yifan
Published: May 2016

Abstract. To establish the horizontal crustal movement velocity field of the Chinese mainland, a Hardy multi-quadric fitting model and collocation are usually used. However, the kernel function, nodes, and smoothing factor are difficult to determine in the Hardy function interpolation. Furthermore, the covariance function of the stochastic signal must be carefully constructed in the collocation model, which is not trivial. In this paper, a new combined estimation method for establishing the velocity field, based on collocation and multi-quadric equation interpolation, is presented. The crustal movement estimation simultaneously takes into consideration an Euler vector as the crustal movement trend and the local distortions as the stochastic signals, and a kernel function of the multi-quadric fitting model substitutes for the covariance function of collocation. The velocities of a set of 1070 reference stations were obtained from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, and the corresponding velocity field was established using the new combined estimation method. A total of 85 reference stations were used as checkpoints, and the precision in the north and east component was 1.25 and 0.80 mm yr−1, respectively. The result obtained by the new method corresponds with the collocation method and multi-quadric interpolation without requiring the covariance equation for the signals.
Potential Implications of Mail Delivery Conversion on Older Adults’ Risk of Falls in The Winter
Authors: Sibalija Jovana , Ciminsky Mallory L. , Fuchigami Katharine , He Marie-Helene L.S. , Chen Yuyuan , Trevithick John , Bickerton Geoff , Zecevic Aleksandra
Published: May 2016

In December 2013, Canada Post announced they would be converting approximately five million households from door-to-door mail delivery to community mailboxes (CMB). The decision was made to address decreasing letter mail volume and operating losses experienced by the crown corporation. The CMBs will be phased in over the five years mainly in urban areas across the country. The decision to convert to CMBs makes Canada the only among the G8 countries to end home delivery of mail. As a result, no research exists on the implications of the change. Particular concern has been raised over how the conversion will affect older adults. One area that needs examination is the consequences of the CMBs delivery model on fall rates among older adults in the winter. Falls are common among seniors, with 20-30% community dwelling older adults falling each year. The risk of falling is increased in the winter when there is snow and ice on the ground. Injuries dues to falls consume a great deal of healthcare resources. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to determine: What are the implications for the elderly population of Canada Post’s decision to convert home delivery of mail to community mailbox delivery? Specifically, the review focused on how the conversion may impact fall rates among older adults in the winter.
El ataud de cristal. Ser o no ser Blancanieves
Authors: De Vairelles Christopher
Published: May 2016

Cuando hablamos de una vida acabada, no necesariamente estamos en el territorio de la muerte física. Proponemos extender esta idea para incluir tanto etapas que concluyen, como también aquellas existencias que están de alguna manera fuera de la vida, fuera del circuito de la normalidad. Es decir excluidas del campo de la “vida laboral”, de la utilidad y operatividad, y que de algún modo se sitúan en esa otra gran zona que podríamos denominar como la basura de la vida. Como aconteciendo en un lapsus, en un sin sentido, ni viva ni muerta, pero en una vida acabada... situadas en el ataúd de cristal donde los enanos aislaron a Blanca Nieves. Vidas acabadas, consideradas absurdas, obsoletas, vidas que estorban, carentes de importancia, desechables, intocables con los que ya no sabemos como relacionarnos. Otras “muertes “, que comienzan muy temprano en la calle o en instituciones. Gradualmente se hizo claro para mí que los talleres acogiendo a personas sin hogar, marginadas por las adicciones, estigmatizadas por la enfermedad, se enmarcan mucho más en los cuidados paliativos que en la “psicoterapia”...
Musicoterapia. En sintonía al final de la vida
Authors: Serra Vila Mireia
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se muestra la musicoterapia como elemento de apoyo a la persona (y su familia) que vive el final de su vida. También como terapia no farmacológica y complementaria en una medicina integral, holística. Lo aquí expresado surge de la experiencia directa, de sesiones y reflexiones realizadas a lo largo de los años en unidades de oncología y cuidados paliativos. Hablamos de silencio, música, terapia, modelos y técnicas, leeremos y sentiremos sesiones… pero hablamos, sobre todo, de vida, conciencia y amor.
La huella epidérmica en un taller de Arteterapia
Authors: Pozo Rodado Isabel , Santos Sánchez-Guzmán Eva
Published: May 2016

Presentamos la experiencia de un Taller de Arteterapia breve, realizado con un grupo de mujeres con afecciones dermatológicas, llevado a cabo en el Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia. Centraremos la atención en una de las pacientes, reconociendo la importancia de las relaciones grupales para su terapia. El objetivo principal del taller fue establecer un vínculo entre las emociones y vivencias de las pacientes y su propio cuerpo, más específicamente su afección de piel. Así, lo personal, lo familiar y lo social se constituyen como base en la que se inscriben esas emociones y vivencias. Las relaciones de pareja y su condición de madres son guías del trabajo terapéutico llevado a cabo.
Effective Approaches to Control the Epidemic Based on the Improved SIR Model
Authors: Shao Shuai , Li Hao , Zhang Yuanbiao , Li Kailong
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we have established a SECADI model on the basis of the traditional epidemic model and under the consideration of factors such as the spread of the disease, the quantity of the medicine in need, the medicine production speedetc. We have improved the crowd classification standard and the spread styledifferential equation model in classical SIR model. We distinguished the crowd into six categories, including the susceptible, the exposed, the curable, the advanced, the dead and the immune, and we established integrated transformation relationships between them after taking control measures through qualitative and quantitative method, and then derive the adequate epidemic differential equation model before taking controls. We applied the method of computer simulation to solve the model, worked out uncertain parameters with the method of parameter identification, and we verified the validity and accuracy of the SECADI model. Meanwhile, we calculated with the actual data of Ebola in the epidemic area in WesternAfrica, simulated the evolution of the epidemic, analyze and offered effective approaches to control the epidemic situation. We further discussed development directions of this model in the end.
Mycotoxin Analysis Using Imprinted Materials Technology: Recent Developments
Authors: Appell Michael , Mueller Anja
Published: May 2016

Molecular imprinting technology is an attractive, cost-effective, and robust alternative to address the limitations of highly selective natural receptors, such as antibodies and aptamers. The field of molecular imprinting has seen a recent surge in growth, and several commercially available products are of great interest for sample cleanup to improve mycotoxin analysis. Current research trends are in specific applications of imprinting technology for small-molecule sensing and chromatographic cleanup procedures in new commodities. The choice of components and imprinting template are critical factors for mycotoxin recovery or detection optimization. Template mimics offer a means to reduce toxic exposure during polymer synthesis and address issues of leaching template from the imprinted polymer. Recent reports of molecularly imprinted polymers for aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, fusaric acid, citrinin, patulin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin are reviewed.
ASPECTOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS E MAPEAMENTO DAS UNIDADES DE RELEVO DO MUNICÍPIO DE JOÃO PESSOA, PB
Authors: Barbosa Tamires Silva , Barbosa Maria Emanuella Firmino
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho objetiva a caracterização dos aspectos geomorfológicos da área que compreende o município de João Pessoa, estado da Paraíba, através da elaboração do mapa geomorfológico, com as técnicas de mapeamento desenvolvidas por Ross (1992) e sua devida interpretação. Para tal análise, foram preparados produtos cartográficos com apoio de técnicas de Geoprocessamento, como o Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT), e cartas temáticas de altimetria e declividade. O mapeamento geomorfológico do município dispôs uma gama de informações acerca de dados morfométricos, morfográficos e morfogenéticos do mesmo. Palavras-chave: Geomorfologia, mapeamento geomorfológico, João Pessoa. DOI: 10.5902/2236499418072
What the recovery movement tells us about prefigurative politics
Authors: Beckwith Melinda , Bliuc Ana-Maria , Best David
Published: May 2016

The concept of prefigurative politics has re-emerged following recent worldwide uprisings, such as the Occupy movement, to which this concept has been applied. In applying a contemporary analysis to prefigurative politics, we explore the contribution of community-based recovery groups to the recovery movement, a socio-political movement in the fields of mental health and addiction treatment. We argue that collective action in recovery groups is derived from the formation of an opinion-based social identity and results in alternative approaches to unmet needs, creatively addressing these identified needs through the utilisation of personal, social and collective resources within an emerging recovery community. To illustrate our argument, we provide examples of community-based recovery groups and the approaches they use in addressing the identified needs of their recovery community. We conclude with an analysis of what community-based recovery groups and the wider recovery movement can contribute to a contemporary understanding of prefigurative politics.
НАЦИОНАЛНИ ЗАКОНОДАВНИ ОКВИР ПРАВА НА ЗДРАВУ ЖИВОТНУ СРЕДИНУ У ЕНЕРГЕТИЦИ И УСАГЛАШАВАЊЕ СА КОМУНИТАРНИМ ПРАВОМ
Authors: Аћић Весна Б.
Published: May 2016

Позитивним законодавством Републике Српске гарантује сеправо на здраву животну средину и уводе се европски стандарди на пољу заштитеживотне средине, посебно у области енергетике. Ово је нарочито значајно збогчињенице да енергија представља основ индустријског и технолошког развоја,али и због околности да енергетски сектор употребом фосилних горива повећаваризик загађења животне средине и угрожава право на здраву животну средину,као једно од основних људских права.Правна заштита животне средине и афирмисање права на здравуживотну средину на међународном плану има за циљ заштиту и очувањеквалитета свих компоненти животне средине. Због присуства великог бројазагађивача проблем загађења поприма глобалне размјере, усљед чега је, помногима, угрожен опстанак планете и човјека на Земљи уопште.У процесу стабилизације и придруживања Европској унији све земље утранзицији, па тако и Босна и Херцеговина, суочавају се са обавезом тзв.хармонизације домаћег законодавства са правом Европске уније, што представљаједан од услова за будућу сарадњу. Заштита животне средине и енергетски сектору Босни и Херцеговини у надлежности су ентитета, те је тако на ентитетима иобавеза усаглашавања законодавства у поменутим областима: области животнесредине, енергетике и енергетске ефикасности. Тај процес у Републици Српскојтраје и примјетан је интензиван рад на даљем усаглашавању националнелегислативе са легислативом Европске уније.
Comparative genomics explains the evolutionary success of reef-forming corals
Authors: Bhattacharya Debashish , Agrawal Shobhit , Aranda Manuel , Baumgarten Sebastian , Belcaid Mahdi , Drake Jeana L , Erwin Douglas , Foret Sylvian , Gates Ruth D , Gruber David F , Kamel Bishoy , Lesser Michael P , Levy Oren , Liew Yi Jin , MacManes Matthew , Mass Tali , Medina Monica , Mehr Shaadi , Meyer Eli , Price Dana C , Putnam Hollie M , Qiu Huan , Shinzato Chuya , Shoguchi Eiichi , Stokes Alexander J , Tambutté Sylvie , Tchernov Dan , Voolstra Christian R , Wagner Nicole , Walker Charles W , Weber Andreas PM , Weis Virginia , Zelzion Ehud , Zoccola Didier , Falkowski Paul G
Published: May 2016

Transcriptome and genome data from twenty stony coral species and a selection of reference bilaterians were studied to elucidate coral evolutionary history. We identified genes that encode the proteins responsible for the precipitation and aggregation of the aragonite skeleton on which the organisms live, and revealed a network of environmental sensors that coordinate responses of the host animals to temperature, light, and pH. Furthermore, we describe a variety of stress-related pathways, including apoptotic pathways that allow the host animals to detoxify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are generated by their intracellular photosynthetic symbionts, and determine the fate of corals under environmental stress. Some of these genes arose through horizontal gene transfer and comprise at least 0.2% of the animal gene inventory. Our analysis elucidates the evolutionary strategies that have allowed symbiotic corals to adapt and thrive for hundreds of millions of years.
Photoinduced charge transfer from vacuum-deposited molecules to single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Osada Kazuki , Tanaka Masatoshi , Ohno Shinya , Suzuki Takanori
Published: May 2016

Variations of photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra of single-layer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 due to the vacuum deposition of C60 or copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecules have been investigated. PL spectra are decomposed into two competitive components, an exciton and a charged exciton (trion), depending on carrier density. The variation of PL spectra is interpreted in terms of charge transfer across the interfaces between transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and dopant molecules. We find that deposited C60 molecules inject photoexcited electrons into MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 or holes into WSe2. CuPc molecules also inject electrons into MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2, while holes are depleted from WSe2 to CuPc. We then propose a band alignment between TMDs and dopant molecules. Peak shifts of Raman spectra and doped carrier density estimated using a three-level model also support the band alignment. We thus demonstrate photoinduced charge transfer from dopant molecules to single-layer TMDs.
Metachronal wave of artificial cilia array actuated by applied magnetic field
Authors: Tsumori Fujio , Marume Ryuma , Saijou Akinori , Kudo Kentaro , Osada Toshiko , Miura Hideshi
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a biomimetic microstructure related to cilia, which are effective fluidic and conveying systems in nature, is described. Authors have already reported that a magnetic elastomer pillar actuated by a rotating magnetic field can work like a natural cilium. In the present work, we show examples of a cilia array with a metachronal wave as the next step. A metachronal wave is a sequential action of a number of cilia. It is theoretically known that a metachronal wave gives a higher fluidic efficiency; however, there has been no report on a metachronal wave by artificial cilia. We prepared magnetic elastomer pillars that contain chainlike clusters of magnetic particles. The orientation of chains was set to be different in each pillar so that each pillar will deform with a different phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Comparison of the Two Polymorphs of Sr2Co2O5 by Cobalt K‐Edge EXAFS Spectroscopy.
Authors: BATTLE P. D. , GIBB T. C. , STEEL A. T.
Published: May 2016

The first clear evidence is presented that the low‐temp.
ChemInform Abstract: IR Spectroscopic Studies of Uranyl(VI) Species Adsorbed from Aqueous (UO2(CO3)3)4‐ Solutions on to a Polymer Bearing Amidoxime Groups.
Authors: HIROTSU T. , KATOH S. , SUGASAKA K. , SENO M. , ITAGAKI T.
Published: May 2016

The subtraction spectra in the range 500‐1500 cm‐1 exhibit only one distinct band at 886 cm‐1, ascribed to the ν3 mode of the U=O=U moiety, and no band assignable to carbonate ligands, suggesting the existence of a carbonate‐free U(VI) complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperconjugation as a Stereoinductive Factor in the Approach of Electrophiles to Trigonal Carbon.
Authors: SRIVASTAVA S. , LE NOBLE W. J.
Published: May 2016

Epoxidation of the adamantane (Ib), prepared via a Wittig reaction from (Ia), gives the oxiranes (II) and (III), the Z isomer (II) being the predominant one.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis via Sigmatropic Rearrangements. Part 13. An Unusual Cyclization of a Homoallyl Oxyacetic Acid Dianion.
Authors: RAUCHER S. , GUSTAVSON L. M. , STENKAMP R. E.
Published: May 2016

Starting with (‐)‐carvone (I), the homoallylic oxyacetic acid (VI) is synthesized as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Retro Aza Diels‐Alder Reactions: Acid‐Catylyzed Heterocycloreversion of 2‐Azanorbornenes in Water at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: GRIECO P. A. , PARKER D. T. , FOBARE W. F. , RUCKLE R.
Published: May 2016

An acid‐catalyzed retro Diels‐Alder reaction of the title compounds (I), (V), (VI) is observed when they are treated with N‐methylmaleimide (IV) in H2O to form cyclopentadiene (II) immediately trapped as the adduct (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Triplet‐State Benzonorbornadiene Di‐π‐methane Photorearrangements. Competition between Bridgehead and Vinyl Substituents for Control of the Product‐Determining 1,2‐Aryl Shift Step.
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , BURKE L. D.
Published: May 2016

The 1,2‐disubstituted benzonorbornadienes (VI) are synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of sec,sec‐1,2‐Diols to give 1,2‐Diketones Under Pfitzner‐ Moffatt‐Conditions.
Authors: SCHOBERT R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction mentioned in the title transforms the diols (I) into the 1,2‐diones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides with Triethyl Phosphite/Iodine/Sodium Iodide.
Authors: SINGH S. P. , SAXENA R. K.
Published: May 2016

The sulfoxides (I) are deoxygenated by treatment with triethyl phosphite and iodine in the presence of sodium iodide, producing the sulfides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ambifunctional Reactivity of 3‐Trifloxypropeniminium Salts Towards Nucleophiles.
Authors: SINGER B. , MAAS G.
Published: May 2016

The trifloxypropeniminium salts (III) ‐ generated in situ from the ketones (I) ‐ undergo hydrolysis to give the formylvinyl triflates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the de Mayo Reaction to the Preparation of Tricyclo‐(6.3.0.02,6)undecanes: A Photochemical Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Hirsutene.
Authors: DISANAYAKA B. W. , WEEDON A. C.
Published: May 2016

Photochemical cycloaddition of dimedone (I) to cyclopentene derivatives, such as (II), yields the bicycloundecane‐2,6‐diones (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Bicycloalkanol Nitrates.
Authors: STOSS P. , ERHARDT E.
Published: May 2016

The bicyclic alcohols or diols (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa), and (IIIb) are converted to the corresponding nitric acid esters (Ic), (Id), (IIc) ‐ (IIe), or (IIIc) ‐ (IIIe) by treatment with nitric acid and acetic anhydride.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Alkyl‐Substituted 2‐Cyclohexen‐1‐ones with Vilsmeier Reagents.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , MARSON C. M. , WANG Z.
Published: May 2016

Various 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐ones such as (I), (IV), (VI), and (X) react with the Vilsmeier reagent, derived from N‐formylmorpholine (II), giving various products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereospecific Synthesis of Azo Nitriles.
Authors: DANEK S. K. , KELLY D. P. , SERELIS A. K. , STEEL P. J.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the ketones (I) with hydrazine gives the corresponding ketazines as mixtures of isomers from which the E,E‐isomers (II) are separated.