bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's about gender: A critical review of the literature on the domestic division of work
Authors: Dominguez‐Folgueras Marta
Published: March 2022

Family scholars have used several approaches to explain the division of domestic work: economic exchange, time availability, and gender. These are often presented as analytically different and competing perspectives, although the consensus in the literature is that all of them contribute to explaining the division of work. This article presents a critical appraisal of this literature that intends to move research forward in three ways: first, by highlighting how these approaches are empirically and analytically interdependent, and therefore should not be studied separately. Second, by arguing that one of them—the gender perspective—takes analytical precedence. The underlying argument is that both economic factors and time availability are not gender‐neutral and can thus be accounted for using a gender perspective. Finally, the article illustrates how using an integrative approach to gender—Risman's gender as a social structure—can provide a more fruitful way to analyze the gendered division of work.
Quantifying urban mass gain and loss by a GIS‐based material stocks and flows analysis
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Li Jiajia , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Song Lulu , Dai Shaoqing
Published: March 2022

Rapid urbanization generates substantial demand, use, and demolition waste of construction materials. However, the existing top‐down or bottom‐up frameworks combining material flow analysis (MFA) and geographic information system (GIS) tend to underestimate both input and output of construction material flows due to insufficient descriptions of key processes in building construction and demolition. To address this limitation, this study identifies four important and complementary processes—construction, demolition, replacement, and maintenance, and integrates them into an improved framework to capture all material flows. We take Xiamen, a rapidly urbanizing city, as a case study to verify this framework. The results show that ∼40% of material inputs and ∼65% of outputs are underestimated by previous frameworks because they fail to capture material inputs in building maintenance and outputs in construction. These findings indicate a better estimation of such key flows in the modeling framework helps to accurately characterize building material metabolism. Based on systematic counting of material stocks and flows, the improved framework can help design effective policies for urban resource management by explicitly recognizing the spatiotemporal patterns and processes of material metabolism.
The metabolite p‐cresol impairs dendritic development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function in hippocampal neurons: Implications for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Guzmán‐Salas Sheyla , Weber André , Malci Ayse , Lin Xiao , Herrera‐Molina Rodrigo , Cerpa Waldo , Dorador Cristina , Signorelli Janetti , Zamorano Pedro
Published: March 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopment disorder resulting from different etiological factors, both genetic and/or environmental. These factors can lead to abnormal neuronal development on dendrite and synaptic function at the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that a subset of ASD patients display increased circulation levels of the tyrosine metabolite, p‐cresol, related to chronic intestinal disorders because of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. In particular, abnormal presence of intestinal Clostridium sp. has been linked to high levels of p‐cresol in ASD children younger than 8 years. However, the role of p‐cresol during development of the central nervous system is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro the effect of p‐cresol on neurite outgrowth in N2a and PC12 cell lines and dendritic morphology, synaptic density, neuronal activity, and calcium responses in primary rat hippocampal neurons. p‐cresol inhibits neural differentiation and neurites outgrowth in N2a and PC12 neuronal cell lines. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, Sholl's analysis shows a decrease in the dendritic arborization of neurons treated with p‐cresol. Synaptic density analyzed with the synaptic markers Piccolo and Shank2 is diminished in hippocampal neurons treated with p‐cresol. Electrically evoked intracellular calcium rise was drastically, but reversely, blocked by p‐cresol, whereas that spontaneous neuronal activity was severely affected by early addition of the metabolite. These findings show that p‐cresol alters dendrite development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function of neurons in culture, therefore, neuronal alterations occurring in ASD children may be related to this metabolite and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.

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The Effects of Abutment Materials on Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Integration: A Study in Minipigs
Authors: Dethier Frédéric , Bacevic Miljana , Lecloux Geoffrey , Seidel Laurence , Rompen Eric , Lambert France
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate, in a minipig model, the soft tissue integration of four different transmucosal materials, as well as the peri‐implant bone remodeling.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 implants were placed in five minipigs in a single stage surgery, and two of each of the following abutment materials were used in each animal: (1) titanium (Ti; control), (2) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), (3) zirconia (Zi), and (4) veneering ceramic (VC). After a healing period of 3 months, the samples were collected and subjected to nondecalcified histology. The soft tissue dimensions (sulcus, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue attachment) were assessed on each abutment and the distance from the implant margin to first bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was measured.

Results

The mean biological width—characterized by the sum of junctional epithelium and connective tissue measurements—was 3.8 (0.6) mm and no statistically significant difference was found between the four groups (p = 0.41). However, a long junctional epithelium (3.3‐3.8 mm) and a very short connective tissue attachment (0.1‐0.2 mm) were observed with all abutments. The measured peri‐implant bone remodeling was similar in all four groups (p = 0.88).

Conclusions

Within its limitations, this study showed that all tested materials allowed soft tissue integration, consisting of a long junctional epithelium, extending close to the bone level, and a rather short portion of connective tissue.
Homework and Teacher: Relationships Between Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs in Homework and Homework Assignments1
Authors: Urauchi Sakura , Tanno Syota
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to identify elementary school teachers' beliefs in homework and examine the relationships between such beliefs and homework assignments. In the preliminary study, we conducted an open‐ended questionnaire survey and used it to draft the Scale of Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs in Homework. In the main study, an online survey was conducted using the drafted scale, external variables, and an item measuring the amount of homework that teachers assigned. As a result, a four‐factor structure was extracted, comprising “promotion of learning,” “communication,” “habit formation,” and “insight into and evaluation of learning.” These four factors showed a significant correlation with all external variables, except one, as predicted. Specific relationships between teachers' beliefs and the amount of homework were observed. Correlational analysis revealed that the amount of homework significantly correlated with “promotion of learning,” “habit formation,” and “insight into and evaluation of learning.” In multiple regression analysis, “promotion of learning” showed a significant relation with the amount of homework. Further, we discuss the implications for teacher education and teaching practice, study limitations, and directions for future research.
It's nothing personal, or is it? Exploring the competitive implications of relational multiplexity in supply chains
Authors: Howe Michael , Jin Yao
Published: March 2022

Supply chain relationships—both within and between firms—can have significant implications on the firm's ability to successfully compete. Thus, it is increasingly important for supply chain managers to skillfully navigate multiplex relationships to coordinate and manage resources across functions and firms in today's competitive environment. In this work, we describe, in a supply chain context, how the prevalence of multiplex relationships, which exist when multiple, potentially incongruous relationships are present between firms and among individuals within these firms, is an important basis for individual behaviors that influence firm competitiveness. Drawing on recent advances in the relational multiplexity theoretical perspective, we identify and discuss several research opportunities for enriching our understanding of interpersonal level antecedents of firm competitiveness. Specifically, we present research opportunities related to supply chain behavioral implications of individual differences and socio‐structural adaptation, informal relationship capitalization and creation, temporal orientation and transience, contemporary multiteam structures, and cross‐level relational valence (a)symmetries. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of the informal, interpersonal relationships that overlay formally specified roles and develop representative research questions to spur further exploration in each area.
Non‐protein amino acids identified in carbon‐rich Hayabusa particles
Authors: Parker Eric T. , Chan Queenie H. S. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P.
Published: March 2022

Amino acid abundances in acid‐hydrolyzed hot water extracts of gold foils containing five Category 3 (carbon‐rich) Hayabusa particles were studied using liquid chromatography with tandem fluorescence and accurate mass detection. Initial particle analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry indicated that the particles were composed mainly of carbon. Prior to amino acid analysis, infrared and Raman microspectroscopy showed some grains possessed primitive organic carbon. Although trace terrestrial contamination, namely l‐protein amino acids, was observed in all Hayabusa extracts, several terrestrially uncommon non‐protein amino acids were also identified. Some Hayabusa particles contained racemic (d≈l) mixtures of the non‐protein amino acids β‐aminoisobutyric acid (β‐AIB) and β‐amino‐n‐butyric acid (β‐ABA) at low abundances ranging from 0.09 to 0.31 nmol g−1. Larger abundances of the non‐protein amino acid β‐alanine (9.2 nmol g−1, ≈4.5 times greater than background levels) were measured in an extract of three Hayabusa particles. This β‐alanine abundance was ≈6 times higher than that measured in an extract of a CM2 Murchison grain processed in parallel. The comparatively high β‐alanine abundance is surprising as asteroid Itokawa is similar to amino acid‐poor LL ordinary chondrites. Elevated β‐alanine abundances and racemic β‐AIB and β‐ABA in Hayabusa grains suggested these compounds have non‐biological and plausibly non‐terrestrial origins. These results are the first evidence of plausibly extraterrestrial amino acids in asteroid material from a sample‐return mission and demonstrate the capabilities of the analytical protocols used to study asteroid Ryugu and Bennu samples returned by the JAXA Hayabusa2 and NASA OSIRIS‐REx missions, respectively.
Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Tian Zhiqiang , Cai Limei , Shen Zhongjian , Michaud J. P. , Zhu Lin , Yan Shuo , Ros Vera I. D. , Hoover Kelli , Li Zhen , Zhang Songdou , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: March 2022

Baculoviruses can induce climbing behaviour in their caterpillar hosts to ensure they die at elevated positions to enhance virus transmission, providing an excellent model to study parasitic manipulation of host behaviour. Here, we demonstrate that climbing behaviour occurred mostly during daylight hours, and that the height at death of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV)‐infected larvae increases with the height of the light source. Phototaxic and electroretinogram (ERG) responses were enhanced after HearNPV‐infection in host larvae, and ablation of stemmata in infected larvae prevented both phototaxis and climbing behaviour. Through transcriptome and quantitative PCR, we confirmed that two opsin genes (a blue light‐sensitive gene, HaBL; and a long wave‐sensitive gene, HaLW) as well as the TRPL (transient receptor potential‐like channel protein) gene, all integral to the host's visual perception pathway, were significantly upregulated after HearNPV infection. Knockout of HaBL, HaLW, or TRPL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significantly reduced ERG responses, phototaxis, and climbing behaviour in HearNPV‐infected larvae. These results reveal that HearNPV alters the expression of specific genes to hijack host visual perception at fundamental levels—photoreception and phototransduction—in order to induce climbing behaviour in host larvae.
Relationship between non‐syndromic oral clefts and cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Machado Renato Assis , Popoff Daniela Araújo Veloso , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio
Published: March 2022

Objective

To summarize the clinical evidence on the relationship between cancer and non‐syndromic oral cleft (NSOC).

Methods

The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist, and a literature search was conducted in six databases and gray literature. Studies published in any language mentioning cancer in patients with NSOC and their relatives and NSOC in patients with cancer and their relatives were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment. After a 2‐step selection process, 33 studies were included: 17 case–control studies, 13 cross‐sectional studies, and 3 case reports.

Results

The study evaluated 206,096 patients from 20 countries. Of these, 0.35% of patients with cancer (95% CI: 0.0%–1.1%; I2 = 86%), 3.0% of relatives of patients with cancer (95% CI: 1.19%–5.46%; I2 = 55%), and 0.26% of controls (95% CI: 0.0%–0.83%; I2 = 87%) had NSOC. Among the studies that examined the prevalence of cancer, 2.4% (95% CI: 0.0%–19.3%; I2 = 99%) of patients with NSOC, 15.4% of relatives of patients with NSOC (95% CI: 2.0%–37.6%; I2 = 99%), and 5.3% of controls (95% CI: 0.0%–22.8%; I2 = 99%) had cancer. Although no relationship was observed between the risk of cancer in patients with NSOC and the risk of NSOC in patients with cancer, there was an association for an increased risk of cancer in relatives of patients with NSOC (OR: 9.96, 95% CI: 1.55–63.99; p = 0.01) and a significant association for the NSOC risk in relatives of patients with leukemia (OR: 9.31; 95% CI: 1.13–76.67; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate an increased risk of cancer in relatives of patients with NSOC and that relatives of patients with leukemia were more frequently affected by NSOC. Together, these findings can help guide cancer screening in patients with NSOC and their relatives and shed light on the risk of NSOC in families with a history of cancer.
Evaluating ecological uniqueness over broad spatial extents using species distribution modelling
Authors: Dansereau Gabriel , Legendre Pierre , Poisot Timothée
Published: March 2022

Local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) can be used to identify sites with high ecological uniqueness and exceptional species composition within a region of interest. Yet, these indices are typically used on local or regional scales with relatively few sites, as they require information on complete community compositions difficult to acquire on larger scales. Here, we investigated how LCBD indices can be predicted over broad spatial extents using species distribution modelling and examined the effect of scale changes on beta diversity quantification. We used Bayesian additive regression trees (BARTs) to predict warbler species distributions in North America based on observations recorded in the eBird database. We then calculated LCBD indices for observed and predicted data and compared the site‐wise difference using direct comparison, a spatial association test and generalized linear regression. We also examined the relationship between LCBD values and species richness in different regions and at various spatial extents. Our results showed that species distribution models provided uniqueness estimates highly correlated with observed data. The form and variance of the LCBD–richness relationship varied according to the region and the total extent size. The relationship was also affected by the proportion of rare species in the communities. Therefore, sites identified as unique over broad spatial extents may vary according to regional characteristics. These results show that species distribution modelling can be used to predict ecological uniqueness over broad spatial extents, which could help identify beta diversity hotspots and important targets for conservation purposes in unsampled locations.
In‐hospital medical complication in older people after spine surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Strayer Andrea L. , Kuo Wan‐chin , King Barbara J.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Worldwide, older people are suffering from lumbar degenerative disease at an annual rate of 266 million. Although spine surgeries restore mobility, reduce pain and resolve neurological damage, these procedures can place older persons at high‐risk for medical complications due to multiple comorbid conditions that are often present in this population. However, the prevalence of complications occurring in older people prior to discharge is unknown. Postoperative medical complications lead to increased healthcare costs as well as pain and potential harm for the patient. Hence, this scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge state regarding in‐hospital medical postoperative complications in older people (≥65 years) after elective spine surgery.

Method

A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley's framework. Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and CINAHL) were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were medical complication(s) after elective spine surgery prior to discharge, age ≥65 years and English language. Co‐occurrence analysis was used to examine how often each complication was examined in the literature and how often the complications co‐occur.

Results

Twenty‐six studies met inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined postoperative medical complications after spine surgery are delirium and urinary tract infection, followed by gastrointestinal and pulmonary embolus. Despite the list of in‐hospital medical complications, definitions or criteria for measurement of any identified complication were sparse and inconsistent. There is a lack of definition or instruments to comprehensively assess medical complications incurred by older people following spine surgery, including characteristics, classification methodology and temporality. To date, no research has been conducted on how older people experience or perceive a medical complication after elective spine surgery.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance to develop comprehensive instruments to assess co‐occurrence of postoperative medical complications and design interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of medical complications incurred by older people after spine surgery.
Emotion‐related impulsivity and rumination: Unique and conjoint effects on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self‐injury across two samples
Authors: Johnson Sheri L. , Robison Morgan , Anvar Sarah , Swerdlow Benjamin A. , Timpano Kiara R.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Rumination and emotion‐related impulsivity predict suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Because rumination and emotion‐related impulsivity, though, are highly correlated, we consider their unique vs. conjoint influence on suicidal ideation and self‐harm.

Method

Across two samples of adults (N’s = 171 and 191), we examined how rumination and emotion‐related impulsivity relate to suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI. We assess the more general process of repetitive negative thinking and the more specific process of suicide‐related rumination. Participants completed the Three‐Factor Impulsivity Index and the self‐report Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Those in sample 1 completed the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory, and those in Sample 2 completed the Suicide Rumination Scale.

Results

Emotion‐related impulsivity and both forms of rumination showed robust bivariate correlations with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and NSSI. Neither rumination or impulsivity related to suicide attempts controlling for ideation or to NSSI. In multivariable analyses, emotion‐related impulsivity but not general rumination was tied to suicidal ideation. In contrast, suicide‐related rumination was more directly tied to suicidal ideation than was impulsivity.

Conclusions

Findings provide support for a more nuanced approach to the forms of impulsivity and rumination related to suicidal ideation.
Adolescent normative beliefs about aggression mediate the association between fathers’ psychological control in adolescence and physical aggression in emerging adulthood
Authors: Choe So Young , Lee Jungeun Olivia , Read Stephen J.
Published: March 2022

We examined whether adolescent normative beliefs about aggression (NBA) functioned as a mechanism through which parental psychological control (PPC) predicted physical aggression in emerging adulthood via secondary data analyses with the Child Development Project longitudinal data. Fathers’ psychological control (fPC) that adolescents reported at age 13 predicted NBA at age 16, which then predicted their aggression at age 18, after controlling for harsh parenting, earlier NBA, aggression, and SES at age 13 and adolescent gender. However, mothers’ psychological control (mPC) that adolescents perceived at age 13 did not predict NBA at age 16. Our results suggest that fPC at age 13 uniquely predicts NBA at age 16, and that adolescents are able to distinguish fPC from mPC. Moreover, no differences in the mediational paths were found based on the gender of the adolescents, emphasizing the detrimental impacts of PPC regardless of the gender of the adolescents. Our findings suggest that adolescents may receive the message from their psychologically controlling fathers that it is okay to hurt others for one's own gain, and then the resulting belief that aggression is appropriate predicts their physical aggression in their emerging adulthood.
Experimental Study on Local Damage to Reinforced Concrete Panels Subjected to Oblique Impact by Projectiles
Authors: Okuda Yukihiko , Nishida Akemi , Kang Zuoyi , Tsubota Haruji , Li Yinsheng
Published: March 2022

Most empirical formulas used to evaluate local damage to reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been based on impact tests conducted with a rigid projectile at an impact angle normal to the target structure. Only a few impact tests have been performed involving a soft projectile. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a series of impact tests to evaluate the local damage to RC panels subjected to normal and oblique impacts by rigid and soft projectiles. This paper presents the test conditions, test equipment, test results, and obtained knowledge on local damage to RC panels subjected to normal and oblique impacts.
Low frequency acoustic method to measure the complex bulk modulus of porous materials
Authors: Napolitano Marialuisa , Di Giulio Elio , Auriemma Fabio , Romano Rosario Aniello , Dragonetti Raffaele
Published: March 2022

In this work, an acoustic lumped element technique has been developed to measure the dynamic bulk modulus of porous materials in the low frequency range (f<500 Hz). Based on the electroacoustic analogy of wave propagation inside a porous medium, an analytical derivation of the measurement method is given. Unlike other techniques, it requires the use of only two microphones placed in the cavity containing the sample being tested and in the loudspeaker box. The proposed method provides reliable results when the longitudinal viscous impedance within the medium is negligible with respect to the transversal thermal impedance. The upper limit of the frequency validity range can be determined from the relationship absk̃d≈0.5, where k̃ is the acoustic wavenumber of the porous material and d is the sample thickness. Furthermore, some practical aspects related to the measure are also reported. To validate the methodology, experimental campaigns have been performed on different typologies of materials (fibrous, uniform cross-section geometries, additive manufactured sample, and foam) in two laboratories. The experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical results within the frequency validity range.
Temporal and Spatial Trends From Counterfactual Scenarios of Physical Activity on Mortality, Years of Life Lost, and Life Expectancy Due to Noncommunicable Diseases in Argentina
Authors: García-Witulski Christian
Published: March 2022

Background: This study estimates the spatial distribution and trends in preventable deaths, years of life lost (YLL), and life expectancy (LE), associated with noncommunicable diseases under alternative distributions of physical activity in Argentina. Methods: Potential impact fractions were used to calculate the preventable deaths and YLL attributable to various scenarios of physical activity. Cause-eliminated life tables were used to estimate LE gains, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty analysis. Results: From 2005 to 2018, physical activity could have prevented up to 7544 to 8220 potential deaths (≈4.27% of major noncommunicable diseases and ≈2.66% of all causes) and about 221 to 219 YLL per 100,000 inhabitants; between 0.67 and 0.71 years of LE could have been gained. If the World Health Organization recommendations (at least 600 metabolic equivalent tasks minutes per week) had been achieved, between 2813 and 3111 potential deaths could have been prevented, about 80 fewer years of life (per 100,000 inhabitants) would have been lost, and 0.23 years of LE could have been gained. A 15% reduction in insufficient physical activity has shown a small impact on outcomes. Conclusion: Public health initiatives aimed at increasing population-wide physical activity could reduce noncommunicable disease deaths in Argentina.
The suppressive effects of Mer inhibition on inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced ALI/ARDS
Authors: Fukatsu Masahiko , Ohkawara Hiroshi , Wang Xintao , Alkebsi Lobna , Furukawa Miki , Mori Hirotaka , Fukami Miwa , Fukami Shin-ichi , Sano Takahiro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Harada-Shirado Kayo , Kimura Satoshi , Sugimoto Koichi , Ogawa Kazuei , Ikezoe Takayuki
Published: March 2022

The pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not yet been fully elucidated. Growth arrest–specific 6 (Gas6) has marked effects on hemostasis and reduces inflammation through its interaction with receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. Here, we found that plasma concentrations of Gas6 and soluble Mer were greater in patients with severe sepsis or septic ALI/ARDS compared with those in normal healthy donors. To determine whether the Gas6-Mer axis was critical in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, we investigated the effects of intravenous administration of the selective Mer inhibitor UNC2250 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced ALI in mouse models subjected to inhalation of LPS. UNC2250 markedly inhibited the infiltration into the lungs of neutrophils and monocytes with increased amounts of Gas6 and Mer proteins, severe lung damage, and increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In human pulmonary aortic endothelial cells, LPS induced decreases in the amounts of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, thrombomodulin, and vascular endothelial–cadherin, which was blocked by treatment with UNC2250. UNC2250 also inhibited the LPS-dependent increases in cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, a human neutrophil–like cell line, and RAW264.7 cells, a mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line. These data provide insights into the potential multiple beneficial effects of the Mer inhibitor UNC2250 as a therapeutic reagent to treat inflammatory responses in ALI/ARDS.
Fibrous stroma: Driver and passenger in cancer development
Authors: Sharma Vandana , Letson Joshua , Furuta Saori
Published: March 2022

Cumulative evidence shows that fibrogenic stroma and stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) not only result from tumor growth but also play pivotal roles in cellular transformation and tumor initiation. This emerging concept may largely account for the increased cancer risk associated with environmental fibrogenic agents, such as asbestos and silica, and with chronic conditions that are fibrogenic, such as obesity and diabetes. It may also contribute to poor outcomes in patients treated with certain chemotherapeutics that can promote fibrosis, such as bleomycin and methotrexate. Although the mechanistic details of this phenomenon are still being unraveled, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence linking fibrogenic stroma and tumor initiation. In this Review, we will summarize the causes and consequences of fibrous stroma and how this stromal cue is transmitted to the nuclei of parenchymal cells through a physical continuum from the ECM to chromatin, as well as ECM-dependent biochemical signaling that contributes to cellular transformation.
A mutation breaks its silence on mutant KRAS
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: March 2022

Leveraging silent mutations and alternative splicing enables targeting of a KRAS mutant.
A Comprehensive Phenotypic Screening Strategy to Identify Modulators of Cargo Translocation by the Bacterial Type IVB Secretion System
Authors: Cheng Eric , Dorjsuren Dorjbal , Lehman Stephanie , Larson Charles L. , Titus Steven A. , Sun Hongmao , Zakharov Alexey , Rai Ganesha , Heinzen Robert A. , Simeonov Anton , Machner Matthias P.
Published: March 2022

Multi-drug-resistant pathogens are an emerging threat to human health. Because conventional antibiotics target not only the pathogen but also eradicate the beneficial microbiota, they often cause additional clinical complications.
Lineages Derived from Cryptococcus neoformans Type Strain H99 Support a Link between the Capacity to Be Pleomorphic and Virulence
Authors: Fernandes Kenya E. , Fraser James A. , Carter Dee A.
Published: March 2022

Cryptococcosis is a devastating cause of death and disease worldwide. During infection,
Cryptococcus
cells can undergo substantial changes to their size and shape.
Structural Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: Wolf Kyle A. , Kwan Jason C. , Kamil Jeremy P.
Published: March 2022

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the threat posed by novel coronaviruses to human health. Coronaviruses share a highly conserved cell entry mechanism mediated by the spike protein, the sole product of the
S
gene.
Nup98 Is Subverted from Annulate Lamellae by Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein to Foster Viral Assembly
Authors: Boson Bertrand , Mialon Chloé , Schichl Konstanze , Denolly Solène , Cosset François-Loïc
Published: March 2022

Nup98 is an essential component of the nuclear pore that also participates in annulate lamella pore structures localized in the cytosol. Nup98 is involved in HCV assembly, though its role remains elusive.
Quantifying Microbial Activity
In Situ
: the Link between Cells and Cycles
Authors: Dekas Anne E.
Published: March 2022

Metagenomic sequencing of environmental samples has dramatically expanded our knowledge of microbial taxonomic and metabolic diversity and suggests widespread phenomena such as auxotrophy and symbiosis. However, translating these insights into knowledge of ecosystem function and, therefore, implications for local and global chemistry, remains a challenge.
Quantifying large-scale continental shelf margin growth and dynamics across middle-Cretaceous Arctic Alaska with detrital zircon U-Pb dating
Authors: Lease Richard O. , Houseknecht David W. , Kylander-Clark Andrew R.C.
Published: March 2022

Sequence stratigraphy provides a unifying framework for integrating diverse observations to interpret sedimentary basin evolution; however, key time assumptions about stratigraphic elements spanning hundreds of kilometers are rarely quantified. We integrate new detrital zircon U-Pb (DZ) dates from 28 samples with seismic mapping to establish a chronostratigraphic framework across 800 km and ~20 m.y. for the middle-Cretaceous Torok-Nanushuk clinothem of Arctic Alaska (USA). Shelf-margin DZ dates indicate continent-scale sediment routing with Russian Chukotka provenance and provide reliable maximum depositional ages derived from arc volcanism. Shelf-margin advance rates display a clear relationship to toplap trajectories and provide empirical support for long-held inferences linking sediment supply to margin architecture. Two distinct shelf-margin growth regimes are evident: (1) a ca. 115–107 Ma phase of rapid ~50 km/m.y. shelf advance rates with mainly progradational trajectories; and (2) a ca. 107–98 Ma phase of moderate ~13 km/m.y. shelf advance rates with progradational-retrogradational-aggradational trajectories. We established a subsequent shelf–to–deep water correlation by independently dating ca. 98–95 Ma low shelf accommodation and basin-floor deposition as far as 240 km east that indicate lowstand shedding and a change to localized routing with Brooks Range provenance. Finally, we dated a ca. 95 Ma basin-wide transgression at deep-water to shelfal settings across 350 km that exhibits apparent synchroneity consistent with an event-significant surface. In one of the world's largest foreland-basin clinothems, our work constrains the timing and duration of key depositional elements to test large-scale sequence stratigraphic assumptions, enables reliable correlation and quantification of sediment dynamics across 800 km, and captures the chronology of a giant regressive-transgressive cycle.
Calcite U-Pb ages constrain petroleum migration pathways in tectonic complex basins
Authors: Cong Fuyun , Tian Jinqiang , Hao Fang , Kylander-Clark Andrew R.C. , Pan Wenqing , Zhang Baoshou
Published: March 2022

Tracing secondary oil migration pathways is critical for understanding petroleum system evolution histories. Traditional tools (e.g., molecular indicators and numerical modeling) utilized for evaluating oil migration processes either lead to ambiguous interpretations or only provide qualitative estimates. We quantitatively constrain secondary oil migration processes under an absolute time frame by integrating oil-inclusion fluorescence and in situ calcite U-Pb dating on calcite veins and cements hosting primary oil inclusions. Fluorescence spectra of oil inclusions and U-Pb ages were obtained on samples from ultra-deep Ordovician reservoirs along two major faults in the Halahatang oilfield, Tarim Basin (northwestern China). Absolute U-Pb ages suggest two main oil charge events during 475–433 Ma and 294–262 Ma, respectively, and revealed a northward-decreasing trend for oil maturity during single charge events. Vertical migration of oil from in situ source rock through active (or reactivated) faults is believed to be the key process inducing the spatial maturity variation in charged oils and considered as the main mechanism of secondary migration, with brecciated fault zones and dilatant fractures along faults acting as major vertical oil-migration pathways. The successful application of this approach has wider implications for elucidating petroleum migration processes in tectonic complex basins worldwide.
A Tonian volcano-sedimentary succession in Newfoundland, eastern North America: A post-Grenvillian link to the Asgard Sea?
Authors: Strowbridge Susan , Indares Aphrodite , Dunning Greg , Wälle Markus
Published: March 2022

Early Tonian bimodal volcanic and sedimentary rocks (the Pine Pond succession) were identified in the Appalachians of eastern Laurentia for the first time, with U-Pb ages of igneous zircon at 951.4 ± 9 Ma for a felsic tuff and 952 ± 10 Ma for a crosscutting granite sheet. This Neoproterozoic succession is part of the East Pond metamorphic suite on the Baie Verte Peninsula (Newfoundland, Canada), which also contains 1491 Ma orthogneiss and is consistent with deposition over Mesoproterozoic basement in a pre-Iapetan extensional setting. Collectively, the data suggest a correlation with the southern Labrador Pinware terrane of the Grenville Province, where 1.52–1.46 Ga bedrock is intruded by 975–950 Ma granite. In addition, the age and location of this 952 Ma succession are consistent with deposition on the western margin of the Asgard Sea. Thus, the Pine Pond succession provides a link between key events in the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia: the end of the Grenville orogeny, which led to the amalgamation of Laurentia and Amazonia, and the early Neoproterozoic evolution of the Asgard Sea, which separated Laurentia and Baltica.
Sirolimus used for treatment of retroperitoneal arteriovenous malformation in a premature neonate
Authors: Chetan Chinmay , Patnaik Suprabha , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Garegrat Reema
Published: March 2022

We describe a case of a premature infant with antenatally detected retroperitoneal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with extensive intraspinal extension. Treatment of the malformation with embolectomy and sclerotherapy was not feasible in view of intraspinal extensions and small size of vessels of the lesion. During a trial of propranolol over 20 days, the lesion progressed in size, roughly doubling in volume and was accompanied with deranged coagulation parameters. Treatment was therefore switched to oral prednisolone and sirolimus. The steroid was stopped after 6 weeks and sirolimus was continued with serum drug level monitoring and serial imaging of the malformation. After 4 months of sirolimus, the AVM remained at the same size as at the start of treatment, thus we propose that the drug may have arrested the growth of the lesion. This case highlights the use of sirolimus in management of AVMs in infants.
Giant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp arising in the setting of folliculitis decalvans
Authors: Ding Liang , DeGiovanni Jason C , Bogner Paul , Soofi Yousef
Published: March 2022

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncommon in African Americans (AAs), with an incidence of approximately 0.003%. However, it is the most common skin cancer in that patient population. In AAs, SCC typically arises in sun-protected areas and mainly affects patients older than 50 years. We report a case of giant SCC in an AA man in his 40s with long-standing folliculitis decalvans on the scalp. Three previous skin biopsies were inconclusive. A wide excision was performed and the defect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh free flap. Histological analysis of the resected specimen revealed a well-moderately differentiated keratinising SCC with clear cell changes, severe mixed inflammation, folliculitis and dermal scar. He was discharged 2 weeks later and has been followed up closely. Four months later, the patient presents with metastatic SCC to an occipital lymph node.
(Ig)Easy diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Azeem Ahad , Quimby David , Krajicek Bryan , Horne John
Published: March 2022

An immunocompetent man in his 20s came to the hospital for shortness of breath, fevers and lower back pain with unintentional 20 lbs. weight loss. Relevant history included a recent trip to Arizona 3 months prior to presentation. On arrival, he was noted to have decreased breath sounds bilaterally, and paraspinal tenderness in the lumbar area. CT scan revealed diffuse pneumonitis and an abscess with osteomyelitis in the sacrum and right iliac bone. Continued respiratory decompensation led him to the intensive care unit where he had a bronchoscopy and later sacroiliac joint fluid collection was performed. Based on his travel history, and elevated serum IgE, liposomal amphotericin B was initiated. Later his antibodies againstCoccidiodesresulted elevated and fungal cultures from the bronchoalveolar lavage and abscess from the sacral vertebrae grew mould, morphologically consistent withCoccidiodes posadasii. He was transitioned to oral fluconazole and will have a close follow-up outpatient.
Effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: protocol for a UK cohort study using routinely collected electronic health records with validation against the ONTARGET trial
Authors: Baptiste Paris J , Wong Angel Y S , Schultze Anna , Cunnington Marianne , Mann Johannes F E , Clase Catherine , Leyrat Clémence , Tomlinson Laurie A , Wing Kevin
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, responsible for nearly 18 million deaths worldwide in 2017. Medications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events are prescribed based on evidence from clinical trials which explore treatment effects in an indicated sample of the general population. However, these results may not be fully generalisable because of trial eligibility criteria that generally restrict to younger patients with fewer comorbidities. Therefore, evidence of effectiveness of medications for groups underrepresented in clinical trials such as those aged ≥75 years, from ethnic minority backgrounds or with low kidney function may be limited.

Using individual anonymised data from the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and the Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) trial, in collaboration with the original trial investigators, we aim to investigate clinical trial replicability within a real-world setting in the area of cardiovascular disease. If the original trial results are replicable, we will estimate treatment effects and risk in groups underrepresented and excluded from the original clinical trial.

Methods and analysis

We will develop a cohort analogous to the ONTARGET trial within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 January 2001 and 31 July 2019 using the trial eligibility criteria and propensity score matching. The primary outcome is a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospitalisation for congestive heart failure. If results from the cohort study fall within pre-specified limits, we will expand the cohort to include under represented and excluded groups.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (Ref: 22658). The study has been approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee of the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (protocol no. 20_012). Access to the individual patient data from the ONTARGET trial was obtained by the trial investigators. Findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
Music-based interventions to address well-being in people with a vision impairment: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Somani Nurbanu , Beukes Eldre , Street Alexander , Lindsay Rosie , Allen Peter M
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Music-based interventions are used to improve well-being in individuals who are psychologically vulnerable and have long-term illnesses. To date, no study has systematically assessed the literature on music-based interventions aimed at improving well-being in people who have a vision impairment (VI). The purpose of the current protocol is to provide the methodology for a scoping review, to explore the therapeutic outcomes and strategies used in music-based interventions aimed specifically at people with a VI.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol was developed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and guidelines. The anticipated start date for this study was July 2021. The proposed review will include studies that use music therapeutically as part of a treatment intervention for all VI populations. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria with regards to population, concept and context will be included. Electronic database searches will be conducted independently by two researchers and include MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Further searches will include the reference lists of included studies and grey literature. A narrative synthesis will be conducted to map out the types of therapeutic music interventions undertaken and to compare therapeutic outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

As the methodology of this study consists of collecting data from publicly available articles, it does not require ethics approval. The findings of the planned scoping review are important to guide the development of future interventions, or strategies, that will attempt to use music to improve well-being in people with a VI. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
Risk and protective factors for severe COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Cai Jessi , Chen-Goodspeed Amber , Idowu Modupe
Published: March 2022

Continued investigation of comorbid conditions that increase the mortality rate of COVID-19 is necessary to provide the best care for those affected. This continued push to find answers is even more important for populations with COVID-19 comorbidities that are historically under-researched. We performed a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who tested positive for the COVID-19 virus. An analysis of each patient's history of SCD complications, hydroxyurea usage, comorbidities, and several other factors was performed to identify the trends that will allow the practitioners to better predict the outcomes of patients with SCD before and during hospitalization for COVID-19. Through these analyses, we found that patients receiving hydroxyurea before COVID-19 infection and patients with SCD-type HbSC had significantly milder COVID-19 disease courses than those not receiving hydroxyurea or with SCD-type HbSS. A history of acute chest syndrome (ACS), a complication seen in patients with SCD, appeared to be associated with a more severe COVID-19 disease course. By creating systems to better interpret what makes a patient with SCD at high risk for a poor prognosis, practitioners are better equipped to make data-supported recommendations for prevention, risk, and treatment. These recommendations should include beginning or maintaining hydroxyurea usage in all qualifying patients with SCD, advising patients with a history of ACS to take extra precautions to prevent initial COVID-19 infection, and initiating close monitoring in the hospital for patients with HbSS and a history of ACS.