bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTIONS IN PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES / KRIPTOGRAFINIŲ MAIŠOS FUNKCIJŲ ĮGYVENDINIMO PROGRAMUOJAMOSIOS LOGIKOS LUSTUOSE TYRIMAS
Authors: Brukštus Tautvydas
Published: July 2016

In this day’s world, more and more focused on data protection. For data protection using cryptographic science. It is also important for the safe storage of passwords for this uses a cryptographic hash function. In this article has been selected the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function to implement and explore, based on fact that it is now a popular and safe. SHA-256 cryptographic function did not find any theoretical gaps or conflict situations. Also SHA-256 cryptographic hash function used cryptographic currencies. Currently cryptographic currency is popular and their value is high. For the measurements have been chosen programmable logic integrated circuits as they less efficiency then ASIC. We chose Altera Corporation produced prog-rammable logic integrated circuits. Counting speed will be investigated by three programmable logic integrated circuit. We will use programmable logic integrated circuits belong to the same family, but different generations. Each programmable logic integrated circuit made using different dimension technology. Choosing these programmable logic integrated circuits: EP3C16, EP4CE115 and 5CSEMA5F31. To compare calculations perfor-mances parameters are provided in the tables and graphs. Research show the calculation speed and stability of different programmable logic circuits. Vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama duomenų apsaugai – duomenų apsaugai skirta net atskira kriptografijos mokslo šaka. Taip pat yra svarbi slaptažodžių sauga, kurioje naudojamos kriptografinės maišos funkcijos. Darbe parinkta įgyvendinimui ir ištirta šiuo metu populiari bei saugi SHA-2 kriptografinė maišos funkcija. Ji naudojama kriptografinėse valiutose. SHA-2 kriptografinės funkcijos analizės metu nepavyko rasti teorinių spragų ar kolizijos atvejų. Tyrimams pasirinkti Altera programuojamos logikos integriniai grandynai, kurie efektyvumu nusileidžia tik specializuotiems integriniams grandynams. Skaičiavimo sparta ir stabilumas buvo tiriama trijuose programuojamos logikos integrinuose grandynuose, priklausančiuose tai pačiai šeimai ir pagamintais skirtingų kartų technologijomis – naudojant 65 nm, 60 nm ir 28 nm KMOP technologijas. Tirtų grandynų kodiniai žymenys EP3C16, EP4CE115 ir 5CSEMA5F31.
THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIFIC FEATURES OF BIOCHEMICAL IMAGES / BIOCHEMINIŲ VAIZDŲ CHARAKTERINGŲJŲ POŽYMIŲ SANDARA
Authors: Kurpytė Dovilė
Published: July 2016

Nowadays three-dimensional imaging technology is used in biochemistry very intensively. It helps to distinguish image features faster with less resources, which are necessary to describe cell characteristics and to explain the origin of the biochemical processes. The article on the strength of Fuzzy logic classification solves fluorescent microscopy of HeLa cells image three-dimensional visualisation characteristic features problem. It is shown that object “luminance“ and “size“ characteristic features are useful to apply for three-dimensional biochemical images analysis. Biochemijoje itin intensyviai pradedamos naudoti trimačio vaizdinimo technologijos. Jos leidžia greičiau ir naudojant mažiau resursų, išskirti vaizduose esančius požymius, reikalingus ląstelių savybėms bei biocheminių procesų kilmei išaiškinti. Straipsnyje sprendžiama fluorescencinės mikroskopijos HeLa ląstelių vaizdų charakteringųjų požymių atrankos trimačio vaizdavimo, naudojant neraiškios logikos klasifikatorių, uždaviniui problema. Parodyta, kad tikslinga biocheminių vaizdų trimatei analizei taikyti objektų skaisčio ir dydžio charakteringuosius požymius.
RY AQUARIUS A BINARY SYSTEM WITH PULSATING δ-SCUTI PRIMARY COMPONENT
Authors: Manzoori Davood , Salar Abbasvand
Published: July 2016

We present simultaneous new BVI light curves along with radial velocity curve analysis of the RY Aqr system, using the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs code. The analysis indicates that while the primary is completely inside its Roche critical surface, the secondary has filled out its Roche surface. In addition, the positions of the system components on M–R, H–R diagrams are specified, which show that the primary is a main-sequence or nearly main-sequence star while the secondary is an evolved subgiant. In addition, analysis of the period and luminosity variations of the system were carried out. Fourier frequency analysis of light variation indicates that the primary is a pulsating, δ-scuti variable star. Moreover, O–C curve analysis shows that the period of the system is secularly decreasing with a rate of dp/dt = 0.074 s yr−1. This decrease in the orbital period variations was attributed to a mass and angular momentum loss from the system with a rate of

Apart from the secular period decreases, the orbital period of the system is modulated by a cyclic period of 72.69 year, which was attributed to a third body orbiting around the barycenter of the system.
MARKOV PROPERTIES OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE QUIET SOLAR PHOTOSPHERE
Authors: Gorobets A. Y. , Borrero J. M. , Berdyugina S.
Published: July 2016

The observed magnetic field on the solar surface is characterized by a very complex spatial and temporal behavior. Although feature-tracking algorithms have allowed us to deepen our understanding of this behavior, subjectivity plays an important role in the identification and tracking of such features. In this paper, we study the temporal stochasticity of the magnetic field on the solar surface without relying on either the concept of magnetic feature or on the subjective assumptions about their identification and interaction. The analysis is applied to observations of the magnetic field of the quiet solar photosphere carried out with the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) instrument on board the stratospheric balloon, Sunrise. We show that the joint probability distribution functions of the longitudinal (

) and transverse (

) components of the magnetic field, as well as of the magnetic pressure (

), verify the necessary and sufficient condition for the Markov chains. Therefore, we establish that the magnetic field as seen by IMaX with a resolution of 0.″15–0.″18 and 33 s cadence, which can be considered as a memoryless temporal fluctuating quantity.
Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Yemen: Factors associated with high seroprevalence
Authors: Al-Eryani Samira M. , Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M , Al-Shibani Latifa A , Mahdy Mohammed M. K. , Azazy Ahmed A
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Although toxoplasmosis is an important public health problem, there is scarcity of data on the disease available from Yemen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen. Methodology: A total of 593 pregnant women were included and examined for anti-T. gondii antibodies (Ab) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bio and socio-demographic data were collected by pre-tested structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Results: The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 45.4% (95% confidence interval: 41%–49%). The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 43.7 (95% CI: 40–%48%) and 9.1% (95% CI: 7%–12%), respectively. About 7.4 (95% CI: 6%–10%) of pregnant women were seropositive for both IgG and IgM Abs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for toxplasmosis (IgG and/or IgM): age ≥ 25 years (adjusted OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.44–2.84, p < 0.001), rearing cats in the house (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.55, p = 0.004), and contact with soil (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32–2.75, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The study reported high seroprevalence among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen, with a high proportion of pregnant women having a possibility of acute toxoplasmosis. This highlights the need for including routine screening for T. gondii in pregnant women in the country’s antenatal clinics. In addition, health education on the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis should be provided for pregnant women in Yemen.
Living with Dying in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Stayer Debbie , Lockhart Joan Such
Published: July 2016

Background

Despite reported challenges encountered by nurses who provide palliative care to children, few researchers have examined this phenomenon from the perspective of nurses who care for children with life-threatening illnesses in pediatric intensive care units.

Objectives

To describe and interpret the essence of the experiences of nurses in pediatric intensive care units who provide palliative care to children with life-threatening illnesses and the children’s families.

Methods

A hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted with 12 pediatric intensive care unit nurses in the northeastern United States. Face-to-face interviews and field notes were used to illuminate the experiences.

Results

Five major themes were detected: journey to death; a lifelong burden; and challenges delivering care, maintaining self, and crossing boundaries. These themes were illuminated by 12 subthemes: the emotional impact of the dying child, the emotional impact of the child’s death, concurrent grieving, creating a peaceful ending, parental burden of care, maintaining hope for the family, pain, unclear communication by physicians, need to hear the voice of the child, remaining respectful of parental wishes, collegial camaraderie and support, and personal support.

Conclusion

Providing palliative care to children with life-threatening illnesses was complex for the nurses. Findings revealed sometimes challenging intricacies involved in caring for dying children and the children’s families. However, the nurses voiced professional satisfaction in providing palliative care and in support from colleagues. Although the nurses reported collegial camaraderie, future research is needed to identify additional supportive resources that may help staff process and cope with death and dying.
Toxoplasma gondii and Epstein Barr retinochoroiditis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Attisano Carmela , Cibinel Monica , Strani Guido , Trasendi Paola , Melchio Patrizia , Grandi Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

We report the case of a patient aged 52 years old, who has been hospitalised at Ophthalmic Hospital in Turin (Italy) with entrance diagnosis of right eye anterior and posterior uveitis and retinopathy of suspect micotic origin. Patient underwent vitreal biopsy. Laboratory evaluation with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method performed on vitreous sample showed the presence of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Toxoplasma gondii (TG). PCR should be performed either in eyes samples or in blood samples, furthermore, it is essential to include EBV and TG in the differential diagnosis of ocular lesions.
Oligella ureolytica conjunctivitis in a female patient
Authors: Potente Giuseppe Ivan , Bianco Francesca Fabiola , Aiello Raffaella
Published: July 2016

Oligella ureolytica, an aerobic gram-negative found as a commensal microorganism in human urinary tracts, is an emerging bacteria which is rarely implicated as human pathogen. In the past referred to as CDC Group IVe, this bacterium is not commonly encountered as a source of infection and is difficult to isolate by means of conventional laboratory procedures. We present here the case of a 55-year-old female patient suffering from bilateral conjunctivitis. An Oligella ureolytica infection was identify in an eye swab sample. The pathogen was isolated in pure culture (48/72 h) and an antibiogram was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (manual test).
The microbiological diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections: milestones from a centenary history
Authors: Magliano Enrico
Published: July 2016

August Compte, a French philosopher of science, back in the 18th Century wrote: You do not know a science, if you do not know its history.
It is ambitious to adapt this aphorism to the history of the microbiological diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but the father of positivism would probably forgive me.

[...]
Суммируемость рядов Фурье почти всюду с указанием множества сходимости
Authors: Trigub Roald Mikhailovich
Published: July 2016

В статье изучается следующая проблема.
При каких множителях $\{\lambda_{k,n}\}$ сходятся при $n\to \infty$
линейные средние рядов Фурье функций $f\in L_1[-\pi,\pi]$
$$
\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty \lambda_{k,n}\widehat{f}_k e^{ikx},
$$
где $\widehat{f}_k$ $k$-й коэффициент Фурье, во всех точках,
в которых существует производная функции $\int_0^x f$.
Найдены критерий сходимости $(C,1)$-средних
($\lambda_{k,n}=(1-|k|/(n+1))_+$) и в общем случае
$\lambda_{k,n}=\phi(k/(n+1))$ достаточное условие сходимости
во всех таких точках (т.е. почти всюду). Ответ в общем случае дан
в терминах принадлежности $\phi(x)$ и $x\phi'(x)$
винеровской алгебре абсолютно сходящихся интегралов Фурье.
Приведены новые примеры.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Корректные краевые задачи, правосторонняя гиперболичность и экспоненциальная дихотомия
Authors: Antonevich Anatolij Borisovich , Panteleeva E V
Published: July 2016

Рассматривается вопрос о связи между существованием корректных краевых
задач и экспоненциальной дихотомией для функциональных уравнений
и для линейных дифференциально-операторных уравнений на полупрямой.
Показано, что корректные краевые задачи могут существовать для уравнений
без свойства экспоненциальной дихотомии.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Пространства типа Бергмана-Мори со смешанной нормой на единичном диске
Authors: Karapetyants Alexey Nikolaevich , Samko Stefan Grigor'evich
Published: July 2016

Вводятся и изучаются следующие пространства со смешанной нормой:
Бергмана-Мори
$\mathscr A^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$,
Бергмана-Мори локального типа
$\mathscr A_{\mathrm{loc}}^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$,
и Бергмана-Мори дополнительного типа
${{^{\complement}}}\mathscr A^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$
на единичном диске $\mathbb D$ в комплексной
плоскости $\mathbb C$. Пространство со смешанной
нормой Лебега-Мори
$\mathscr L^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$
определяется тем условием, что последовательность
Мори $L^{p,\lambda}(I)$-норм коэффициентов Фурье
функции $f$ принадлежит $l^q$ ($I=(0,1)$). Таким образом,
$\mathscr A^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$
определяется как подпространство аналитических функций из
$\mathscr L^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$.
Два других пространства
$\mathscr A_{\mathrm{loc}}^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$
и ${{^{\complement}}}\mathscr A^{q;p,\lambda}(\mathbb D)$
определяются аналогично с использованием нормы локального Мори
$L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{p,\lambda}(I)$ и дополнительного Мори
${{^{\complement}}}L^{p,\lambda}(I)$ соответственно. Введенные
пространства наследуют свойства как пространств Бергмана,
так и Мори, и, следовательно, мы называем их пространствами типа
Бергмана-Мори. Доказывается ограниченность проектора Бергмана
и приводится эквивалентная характеризация этих пространств.
Библиография: 28 названий.
Prosodic Transcription of Standard Chinese and its Use in Teaching
Authors: POSPĚCHOVÁ Zuzana
Published: July 2016

The present paper’s main aim is to introduce a method of prosodic transcription (PTR) of Standard Chinese established by Oldřich Švarný in the background of the Czech Republic. It is used to describe suprasegmental features of Standard Chinese: stress prominence and linear segmentation of sentences. PTR is applied in teaching Chinese prosody in courses in the Czech Republic. This paper also contains a short sample text, students’ opinion on PTR and an outline of the use of PTR in academic research.
A Character-Based Constructional Approach to Chinese Imperfective Aspect Markers 在Zai and 着Zhe
Authors: ZHANG Liulin
Published: July 2016

在zai and着zhe are commonly recognized imperfective aspect makers in Mandarin Chinese, though there are noticeable differences between their distributions and functions. By resorting to origins, historical evolutions, and corpus data for the meanings and functions of these two characters, it can be observed that they are both polysemies displaying semantic networks organized around a central sense respectively and the characters 在 and 着 are distinct form and meaning pairings. 在 is a construction indicating presence within a certain range while 着generally denotes ‘reach to’. Related to their basic meanings, 在 and 着 exhibit some constraints respectively when marking imperfective aspect. From this character-based constructional account, 在’s and 着’s qualifications as Chinese imperfective aspect markers are theoretically arguable.
Efeito da fonte de carbono na embriogênese somática em Bactris gasipaes
Authors: Bettencourt Gisela Manuela de França , Zanella Laudiane Bruna , Quoirin Marguerite Germaine Ghislaine , Degenhardt-Goldbach Juliana
Published: July 2016

A metodologia de camada fina de células foi utilizada com sucesso para indução de embriogênese somática em região do meristema apical de plantas de pupunha mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. O efeito de três fontes de carbono: sacarose, glicose e manitol na indução de embriogênese somática foi avaliado. Embriões somáticos foram observados após a indução apenas nos meios contendo sacarose ou glicose em igual proporção.Effect of carbon source on somatic embryogenesis of Bactris gasipaesThin cell layer of meristematic region was successfully used to induce somatic embryogenesis in greenhouse-grown plants of pejibaye. The effects of three sources of carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose and mannitol on induction of somatic embryogenic calli were evaluated. Somatic embryos were observed on media containing either sucrose or glucose.Index terms: Thin cell layer, Glucose, Sucrose
Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Inga laurina em função do substrato e adubação suplementar
Authors: De Jesus Murilo Figueredo Campos , De Souza Júnior José Olimpio , Góes Gabriel Salles , Brito-Rocha Ediófila , Mielke Marcelo Schramm
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de misturas de um substrato comercial e pó de fibra de coco (PFC) no crescimento e na qualidade de mudas de Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae). Tubetes de polietileno foram preenchidos com quatro misturas do substrato comercial HS Florestal® (HSF) e PFC nas proporções: T1 = 100% HSF; T2 = 80% HSF + 20% PFC; T3 = 60% HSF + 40% PFC e T4 = 40% HSF + 60% PFC. Os experimentos foram realizados de forma independente, em presença (experimento I) e ausência (experimento II) de adubação suplementar. Foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento e qualidade das mudas ao final dos experimentos, aos 81 dias (experimento I) e 110 dias (experimento II) após a repicagem. Concluiu-se que o uso da adubação suplementar não apresentou diferenças em crescimento e qualidade das mudas de I. laurina até o percentual de 60% de PFC misturado ao substrato comercial. Sem a adição de adubação suplementar, a mistura com 80% HSF + 20% PFC é indicada para a produção de mudas de I. laurina. Além disso, a ausência de adubação suplementar nitrogenada e a adição de PFC ao substrato estimularam a nodulação.Growth and quality of Inga laurina seedlings as a function of the substrate and additional fertilizationThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of a commercial substrate and coconut coir dust (CCD) to grow Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae) seedlings. Polyethylene tubes were filled with four mixtures of a commercial substrate HS Florestal® (HSF) and CCD in the following proportions: T1 = 100% HSF, T2 = 80% HSF + 20% CCD, T3 = 60% HSF + 40% CCD and T4 = 40% HSF + 60% CCD. The experiments were conducted independently, with supplement fertilization (experiment I) and without (experiment II). Seedlings growth and quality were evaluated at the end of the experiments, 81 days (experiment I) and 110 days (experiment II) after transplanting. It was concluded that supplement fertilization presented no differences in the growth and quality of I. laurina seedlings until up to 60% of PFC mixed with commercial substrate. Without supplement fertilization the mix of 80% HSF + 20% PFC is indicate for production of I. laurina seedlings. Moreover, the lack of supplement nitrogen fertilization and addition of PFC to the commercial substrate stimulated nodulation.Index terms: Dickson quality index; Relative growth rate; Forest restoration
Los Equipos Docentes en la Universidad. Construcción y validación de un Instrumento.
Authors: Galtés Fuentes R.
Published: July 2016

Introducción. En este artículo se presenta la validez interna de un instrumento construido para conocer los condicionantes y las oportunidades que influyen en el trabajo en equipo de los docentes en las facultades. El trabajo en equipo, como base del trabajo organizativo y un medio para la creación de conocimiento, necesita de un contexto que impulse la eficacia de los equipos docentes. Metodología. La metodología empleada ha sido la no experimental transeccional correlacional, para describir la relación entre variables y medir-analizar la asociación entre ellas. El instrumento analizado forma parte de un cuestionario más amplio, basado en una escala tipo Likert con cinco niveles de respuesta. Los criterios de selección de los informantes (n= 37) han sido: ser docente universitario y ejercer un cargo. La técnica de análisis utilizada ha sido el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies (SPSS 20). Resultados. El análisis muestra una fiabilidad interna buena (α = ,875 para 22 elementos; α = ,881 para 19 elementos). El incremento del coeficiente para 19 elementos ha permitido eliminar tres ítems del cuestionario del nivel organizativo. Conclusión. La validación de la sección del instrumento que engloba los conceptos clave del contexto organizativo, permite su inclusión en la totalidad del instrumento construido. Proporcionará una herramienta útil para profundizar en la información respecto al aprendizaje organizativo en las Facultades.
Reforma Curricular, una oportunidad para repensar el Trabajo Social
Authors: Duarte Hidalgo C. , Mora Castillo A.
Published: July 2016

El artículo expone la experiencia de renovación curricular en educación superior, basada en cuatro ejes: enfoque basado en competencias, sistema de créditos transferibles, pensamiento crítico y  modelo constructivista. Estos ejes se articulan a la luz de los cambios en la formación en trabajo social, la cual se encuentra marcada por dos elementos: un desarrollo histórico particular, marcado por los contextos sociopolíticos, y por parámetros de aseguramiento de la calidad en la educación, los que constituyen la política educativa actual.

El proceso de renovación curricular, desarrollado en conjunto con los y las estudiantes, permitió reflexionar sobre cuestiones como identidad profesional, pertinencia y particularidad de la formación en el contexto regional, desafíos disciplinares locales, entre otros temas.

El trabajo revisa el proceso realizado, sistematizado la experiencia con especial énfasis en la formación en trabajo social, fijando la mirada en las formas desde las regiones se enfrentan los diversos y complejos desafíos presentes en educación superior.

La reflexión sobre una renovación curricular situada y crítica se plantea como un proceso permanente que impacta no sólo en el entorno inmediato, sino también en la construcción conjunta de un proyecto formativo en trabajo social que tenga un correlato con las apuestas éticas y políticas que desarrolla la disciplina, asumiendo el desafío de formar a quienes luchan por las transformaciones necesarias para lograr las mejorías en la región. 
Entrevista a Ana Lucía Frega: educar por medio de experiencias que estimulen la creatividad
Authors: García Sempere Pablo , Tejada Romero Pablo Luis
Published: July 2016

En la entrevista, partiendo de su larga experiencia como docente en diferentes niveles educativos, dirección de instituciones de formación artística y múltiples investigaciones, Ana Lucía Frega aborda diferentes cuestiones relacionadas con la creatividad y la formación artística actual. Uno de los grandes cambios en la educación artística radica en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la técnica; una nueva concepción de aprendizaje de la misma, desde la motivación y el sentimiento de utilidad. Preocupada por el baño de estereotipos que sufren los niños y jóvenes, incide en la necesidad de conseguir que la espontaneidad que manifiestan se mantenga flexible a través de una acción educativa sistemática. Además, resalta la importancia de generar en las escuelas una estimulación de la búsqueda, de la fluidez, del procesamiento de ideas y especialmente incidir en la elección descartando con fundamento.  Igualmente, la educación artística debe contemplar la diversidad de sentimientos y emociones así como su manifestación y construcción simbólica.
Implementación de la Educación a Distancia a partir de un Programa Presencial de Ingeniería en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos: Revisión de Literatura
Authors: Corona Flores J. D.
Published: July 2016

La implementación de la educación a distancia a partir de la modalidad presencial, ha tenido un gran auge en los países en desarrollo debido a los beneficios que tiene, logrando una mayor cobertura de matrícula estudiantil que con la modalidad tradicional, no es posible alcanzar. El presente artículo proporciona un estudio del estado del arte, que revisa cuáles son los factores que intervienen para llevar a cabo la transición de la educación presencial a la modalidad en línea, y que sirve como un marco de referencia para aplicarlo en diferentes programas de educación superior que están en el proceso de cambio de la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea. Se considera además la aportación que las teorías de la educación a distancia  han tenido en el cambio mencionado anteriormente.
¿Cómo aprenden los alumnos en su primer año de universidad al inicio y al final del curso?
Authors: García Martín M.
Published: July 2016

Las investigaciones sobre enfoques de aprendizaje desde el paradigma SAL (Students Approaches to Learning) ofrecen la posibilidad de conocer cómo los alumnos llevan a cabo su aprendizaje. Los objetivos propuestos en este estudio son dos: 1) conocer los enfoques de aprendizaje de los alumnos universitarios cuando llegan a primer curso y al finalizar éste; 2) identificar aspectos relacionados con dichos enfoques que contribuyan a entender y mejorar los procesos de enseñanza. El estudio central consiste en un análisis cuantitativo longitudinal de un año, al principio y al final del cual se miden los enfoques de aprendizaje de los sujetos. Además, al final del curso también se realiza un análisis cualitativo basado en preguntas abiertas relacionadas con los enfoques de aprendizaje y el contexto educativo. El instrumento utilizado es el R-SPQ-2F (Biggs, Kember y Leung, 2001) validado en su adaptación al euskera (García, 2011) y la muestra del estudio longitudinal comprende 188 estudiantes de la Facultad de Humanidades y Educación de Mondragon Unibertsitatea. Los resultados muestran que si bien al comienzo del curso no prevalece un enfoque de aprendizaje determinado, durante el primer año los estudiantes evolucionan positivamente, aumentando su enfoque profundo y reduciendo su enfoque superficial hacia el aprendizaje. El presente estudio forma parte de una investigación longitudinal de mayor magnitud  sobre los mismos alumnos, llevada a cabo al finalizar éstos el cuarto curso del título de grado. Dicha investigación se halla actualmente en proceso de análisis de datos y próximamente conoceremos los resultados.
Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville,
2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica
Authors: Legrand Michel , Preunkert Susanne , Savarino Joël , Frey Markus M. , Kukui Alexandre , Helmig Detlev , Jourdain Bruno , Jones Anna E. , Weller Rolf , Brough Neil , Gallée Hubert
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near-surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa, also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located on the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycles at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle of ozone is different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia but not at the South Pole. The vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface also differs. When present, the ozone-rich layer located near the ground is better mixed and deeper at Concordia (up to 400 m) than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of elevated ozone levels caused by NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea ice offshore from the sites, whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing change in summer surface ozone at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004–2014 and 2007–2014). Further research, including continued monitoring, is needed at these two sites to better separate the effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer leading to penetration of more UV radiation to the surface.
Chemical ionization of clusters formed from sulfuric acid and dimethylamine or diamines
Authors: Jen Coty N. , Zhao Jun , McMurry Peter H. , Hanson David R.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometers are used to study atmospheric nucleation by detecting clusters produced by reactions of sulfuric acid and various basic gases. These instruments typically use nitrate to deprotonate and thus chemically ionize the clusters. In this study, we compare cluster concentrations measured using either nitrate or acetate. Clusters were formed in a flow reactor from vapors of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine, ethylene diamine, tetramethylethylene diamine, or butanediamine (also known as putrescine). These comparisons show that nitrate is unable to chemically ionize clusters with high base content. In addition, we vary the ion-molecule reaction time to probe ion processes which include proton-transfer, ion-molecule clustering, and decomposition of ions. Ion decomposition upon deprotonation by acetate/nitrate was observed. More studies are needed to quantify to what extent ion decomposition affects observed cluster content and concentrations, especially those chemically ionized with acetate since it deprotonates more types of clusters than nitrate. Model calculations of the neutral and ion cluster formation pathways are also presented to better identify the cluster types that are not efficiently deprotonated by nitrate. Comparison of model and measured clusters indicate that sulfuric acid dimer with two diamines and sulfuric acid trimer with two or more base molecules are not efficiently chemical ionized by nitrate. We conclude that acetate CI provides better information on cluster abundancies and their base content than nitrate CI.
A high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer
utilizing hydronium ions (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) for measurements of
volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere
Authors: Yuan Bin , Koss Abigail , Warneke Carsten , Gilman Jessica B. , Lerner Brian M. , Stark Harald , de Gouw Joost A.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Proton transfer reactions between hydronium ions (H3O+) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) provide a fast and highly sensitive technique for VOC measurements, leading to extensive use of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in atmospheric research. Based on the same ionization approach, we describe the development of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) utilizing H3O+ as the reagent ion. The new H3O+ ToF-CIMS has sensitivities of 100–1000 cps ppb−1 (ion counts per second per part-per-billion mixing ratio of VOC) and detection limits of 20–600 ppt at 3σ for a 1 s integration time for simultaneous measurements of many VOC species of atmospheric relevance. The ToF analyzer with mass resolution (m∕Δm) of up to 6000 allows the separation of isobaric masses, as shown in previous studies using similar ToF-MS. While radio frequency (RF)-only quadrupole ion guides provide better overall ion transmission than ion lens system, low-mass cutoff of RF-only quadrupole causes H3O+ ions to be transmitted less efficiently than heavier masses, which leads to unusual humidity dependence of reagent ions and difficulty obtaining a humidity-independent parameter for normalization. The humidity dependence of the instrument was characterized for various VOC species and the behaviors for different species can be explained by compound-specific properties that affect the ion chemistry (e.g., proton affinity and dipole moment). The new H3O+ ToF-CIMS was successfully deployed on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft for the SONGNEX campaign in spring of 2015. The measured mixing ratios of several aromatics from the H3O+ ToF-CIMS agreed within ±10 % with independent gas chromatography measurements from whole air samples. Initial results from the SONGNEX measurements demonstrate that the H3O+ ToF-CIMS data set will be valuable for the identification and characterization of emissions from various sources, investigation of secondary formation of many photochemical organic products and therefore the chemical evolution of gas-phase organic carbon in the atmosphere.
Dynamics of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) during the VAHINE mesocosm
experiment in the New Caledonian lagoon
Authors: Berman-Frank Ilana , Spungin Dina , Rahav Eyal , Van Wambeke France , Turk-Kubo Kendra , Moutin Thierry
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In the marine environment, transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) produced from abiotic and biotic sources link the particulate and dissolved carbon pools and are essential vectors enhancing vertical carbon flux. We characterized spatial and temporal dynamics of TEP during the VAHINE experiment that investigated the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen and carbon in three replicate dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP)-fertilized 50 m3 enclosures in the oligotrophic New Caledonian lagoon. During the 23 days of the experiment, we did not observe any depth-dependent changes in TEP concentrations in the three sampled depths (1, 6, 12 m). TEP carbon (TEP-C) content averaged 28.9 ±  9.3 and 27.0 ±  7.2 % of total organic carbon (TOC) in the mesocosms and surrounding lagoon respectively and was strongly and positively coupled with TOC during P2 (i.e., days 15–23). TEP concentrations in the mesocosms declined for the first 9 days after DIP fertilization (P1  =  days 5–14) and then gradually increased during the second phase. Temporal changes in TEP concentrations paralleled the growth and mortality rates of the diatom–diazotroph association of Rhizosolenia and Richelia that predominated the diazotroph community during P1. By P2, increasing total primary and heterotrophic bacterial production consumed the supplemented P and reduced availability of DIP. For this period, TEP concentrations were negatively correlated with DIP availability and turnover time of DIP (TDIP), while positively associated with enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) that occurs when the microbial populations are P stressed. During P2, increasing bacterial production (BP) was positively correlated with higher TEP concentrations, which were also coupled with the increased growth rates and aggregation of the unicellular cyanobacterial Group C (UCYN-C) diazotrophs that bloomed during this period. We conclude that the composite processes responsible for the formation and breakdown of TEP yielded a relatively stable TEP pool available as both a carbon source and facilitating aggregation and flux throughout the experiment. TEP were probably mostly influenced by abiotic physical processes during P1, while biological activity (BP, diazotrophic growth and aggregation, export production) mainly impacted TEP concentrations during P2 when DIP availability was limited.
Spatial and seasonal variations of leaf area index (LAI) in subtropical
secondary forests related to floristic composition and stand characters
Authors: Zhu Wenjuan , Xiang Wenhua , Pan Qiong , Zeng Yelin , Ouyang Shuai , Lei Pifeng , Deng Xiangwen , Fang Xi , Peng Changhui
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter related to carbon, water, and energy exchange between canopy and atmosphere and is widely applied in process models that simulate production and hydrological cycles in forest ecosystems. However, fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of LAI and its controlling factors have yet to be fully understood in Chinese subtropical forests. We used hemispherical photography to measure LAI values in three subtropical forests (Pinus massoniana–Lithocarpus glaber coniferous and evergreen broadleaved mixed forests, Choerospondias axillaris deciduous broadleaved forests, and L. glaber–Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broadleaved forests) from April 2014 to January 2015. Spatial heterogeneity of LAI and its controlling factors were analysed using geostatistical methods and the generalised additive models (GAMs) respectively. Our results showed that LAI values differed greatly in the three forests and their seasonal variations were consistent with plant phenology. LAI values exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation for the three forests measured in January and for the L. glaber–C. glauca forest in April, July, and October. Obvious patch distribution pattern of LAI values occurred in three forests during the non-growing period and this pattern gradually dwindled in the growing season. Stem number, crown coverage, proportion of evergreen conifer species on basal area basis, proportion of deciduous species on basal area basis, and forest types affected the spatial variations in LAI values in January, while stem number and proportion of deciduous species on basal area basis affected the spatial variations in LAI values in July. Floristic composition, spatial heterogeneity, and seasonal variations should be considered for sampling strategy in indirect LAI measurement and application of LAI to simulate functional processes in subtropical forests.
Identification and analysis of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon
in subglacial basal ice ecosystems by ion chromatography
Authors: O'Donnell Emily C. , Wadham Jemma L. , Lis Grzegorz P. , Tranter Martyn , Pickard Amy E. , Stibal Marek , Dewsbury Paul , Fitzsimons Sean
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Determining the concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in glacial ecosystems is important for assessments of in situ microbial activity and contributions to wider biogeochemical cycles. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge of the abundance and character of DOC in basal ice and the subglacial environment and a lack of quantitative data on low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC components, which are believed to be highly bioavailable to microorganisms. We investigated the abundance and composition of DOC in basal ice via a molecular-level DOC analysis. Spectrofluorometry and a novel ion chromatographic method, which has been little utilized in glacial science for LMW-DOC determinations, were employed to identify and quantify the major LMW fractions (free amino acids, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids) in basal ice from four glaciers, each with a different type of overridden material (i.e. the pre-entrainment sedimentary type such as lacustrine material or palaeosols). Basal ice from Joyce Glacier (Antarctica) was unique in that 98 % of the LMW-DOC was derived from the extremely diverse free amino acid (FAA) pool, comprising 14 FAAs. LMW-DOC concentrations in basal ice were dependent on the bioavailability of the overridden organic carbon (OC), which in turn was influenced by the type of overridden material. Mean LMW-DOC concentrations in basal ice from Russell Glacier (Greenland), Finsterwalderbreen (Svalbard), and Engabreen (Norway) were low (0–417 nM C), attributed to the relatively refractory nature of the OC in the overridden palaeosols and bedrock. In contrast, mean LMW-DOC concentrations were an order of magnitude higher (4430 nM C) in basal ice from Joyce Glacier, a reflection of the high bioavailability of the overridden lacustrine material (> 17 % of the sediment OC comprised extractable carbohydrates, a proxy for bioavailable OC). We find that the overridden material may act as a direct (via abiotic leaching) and indirect (via microbial cycling) source of DOC to the subglacial environment and provides a range of LMW-DOC compounds that may stimulate microbial activity in wet subglacial sediments.
Sodankylä ionospheric tomography data set 2003–2014
Authors: Norberg Johannes , Roininen Lassi , Kero Antti , Raita Tero , Ulich Thomas , Markkanen Markku , Juusola Liisa , Kauristie Kirsti
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory has been operating a receiver network for ionospheric tomography and collecting the produced data since 2003. The collected data set consists of phase difference curves measured from COSMOS navigation satellites from the Russian Parus network (Wood and Perry, 1980) and tomographic electron density reconstructions obtained from these measurements. In this study vertical total electron content (VTEC) values are integrated from the reconstructed electron densities to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis to validate the long-term performance of the tomographic system. During the observation period, 2003–2014, there were three to five operational stations at the Fennoscandia sector. Altogether the analysis consists of around 66 000 overflights, but to ensure the quality of the reconstructions, the examination is limited to cases with descending (north to south) overflights and maximum elevation over 60°. These constraints limit the number of overflights to around 10 000. Based on this data set, one solar cycle of ionospheric VTEC estimates is constructed. The measurements are compared against the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2012 model, F10.7 solar flux index and sunspot number data. Qualitatively the tomographic VTEC estimate corresponds to reference data very well, but the IRI-2012 model results are on average 40 % higher than that of the tomographic results.
FABM-PCLake – linking aquatic ecology with hydrodynamics
Authors: Hu Fenjuan , Bolding Karsten , Bruggeman Jorn , Jeppesen Erik , Flindt Morgens R. , van Gerven Luuk , Janse Jan H. , Janssen Annette B. G. , Kuiper Jan J. , Mooij Wolf M. , Trolle Dennis
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study presents FABM-PCLake, a redesigned structure of the PCLake aquatic ecosystem model, which we implemented in the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). In contrast to the original model, which was designed for temperate, fully mixed freshwater lakes, the new FABM-PCLake represents an integrated aquatic ecosystem model that can be linked with different hydrodynamic models and allows simulations of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes for zero-dimensional, one-dimensional as well as three-dimensional environments. FABM-PCLake describes interactions between multiple trophic levels, including piscivorous, zooplanktivorous and benthivorous fish, zooplankton, zoobenthos, three groups of phytoplankton and rooted macrophytes. The model also accounts for oxygen dynamics and nutrient cycling for nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, both within the pelagic and benthic domains. FABM-PCLake includes a two-way communication between the biogeochemical processes and the physics, where some biogeochemical state variables (e.g., phytoplankton) influence light attenuation and thereby the spatial and temporal distributions of light and heat. At the same time, the physical environment, including water currents, light and temperature influence a wide range of biogeochemical processes. The model enables studies on ecosystem dynamics in physically heterogeneous environments (e.g., stratifying water bodies, and water bodies with horizontal gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties), and through FABM also enables data assimilation and multi-model ensemble simulations. Examples of potential new model applications include climate change impact studies and environmental impact assessment scenarios for temperate, sub-tropical and tropical lakes and reservoirs.
A Confrontation Clause Conundrum: Resolving the Circuit Split over Preservation of Bruton Issues for Appeal
Authors: Morrison Jake
Published: July 2016

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Movimiento Arte del Cambio: una iniciativa del Trabajo Social antiopresivoSocial Anti Opresivo
Authors: Matos-Silveira Rosana , Cano Yolanda , Mouton Stéphanie
Published: July 2016

En este artículo se presenta el Movimiento Arte del Cambio que ha surgido de un proyecto de la Asociación Trabajadores/as Sociales Sin Fronteras con la colaboración de la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Granada y con profesionales de educación, que integran la creación teatral y la expresión musical como herramientas pedagógicas y de intervención social. Es una iniciativa que busca convertirse en un instrumento más de lucha contra la opresión. A través de un laboratorio de creación colectiva con el alumnado y los profesionales de Trabajo Social y otras disciplinas de Ciencias Sociales, reivindica la transformación social mediante expresiones artísticas, basándose en el compromiso político, y un desarrollo sostenible que empodere a los sujetos participantes.
Questioning the merits and demerits of electronic communication in Social Work
Authors: Martínez-Brawley Emilia
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the social dynamics of electronic exchanges in the human services, particularly in social work. It focuses on the observable effects that email and texting have on the linguistic, relational and clinical rather than managerial aspects of the profession. It highlights how electronic communication is affecting professionals in their practice and learners as they become acculturated to social work. What are the gains and losses of the broad use of electronic devices in daily lay and professional, verbal and non-verbal communication? Will our current situation be seriously detrimental to the demeanor of future practitioners, their use of language, and their ability to establish close personal relationships? The paper analyzes social work linguistic and behavioral changes in light of the growth of electronic communication and offers a summary of merits and demerits viewed through a prism emerging from Baron’s (2000) analysis of human communication.
Turandot en la dramaturgia de Friedrich Schiller y Bertolt Brecht
Authors: Balbuena Torezano María Del Carmen
Published: July 2016

El presente trabajo analiza la materia de Turandot en Turandot, Prinzessin von China de Friedrich Schiller y Turandot oder Der Kongress der Weißwäscher de Bertolt Brecht. Analizaremos ambas adaptaciones teatrales, que han influido de manera notable en muchos otros autores, teniendo en cuenta la intertextualidad presente en los textos y su originalidad.