bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Different Fertilizer Levels on Growth and Yield Returns of Coriander Crop. (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv- JD-1
Authors: Dadiga Ashwini
Published: July 2022

Using chemical fertilizers or organic manures alone as amendments may be detrimental to the soil health and crop quality and neither of these alone can sustain productivity. Hence the combination of nutrients from different sources together in optimum ratio is a way forward to achive optimum returns and to protect soil health. In view of this a trial was conducted in coriander cv- JD-1 over winter 2012-13 at Horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers with different levels on growth and yield parameters of coriander. The experiment consists of four levels of organic manures viz Vermicompost 5 t/h, Vermicompost 2.5 t/h, Farm yard manure 20 t/h and Farm yard manure 10 t/h with two fertilizer levels 100 % RDF and 50 % RDF laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice. The study shows that among the organic manures vermicompost 5 t/h and among the fertilizer levels RDF 100% showed maximum values for growth and yield parameters comparison to other levels of manures and fertilizer. Results in relation to interaction effect shows that vermicompost 5 t/h + 100 % RDF was superior over other treatment combinations. Highest gross income were observed with vermicompost 5 t/h + 100 % RDF and highest benefit cost ratio with farm yard manure 20 t/h + 100 % RDF.
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris medik.)
Authors: Unni Arathi , Debbarma Victor
Published: July 2022

The experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2021-22, Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, to study the response of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris medik.) The treatments consist of nitrogen 10, 20, 30 kg/ha and phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. Theresult reported that treatment 9[Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Phosphorus 50 kg/ha] gave significantly the higher plant height (38.02 cm), number of nodules (37.44), dry weight (13.80 g/plant). It is also observed that the highest grain yield (1.83 t/ha) and the highest stoveryield (2.66t/ha) was obtained with the application of nitrogen 30 kg/ha along with phosphorus 50 kg/ha. The highest gross return (93211 INR/ha), net returns (63830 INR/ha)and B:C ratio (2.17) were also recorded with application of Nitrogen 30kg/ha + Phosphorus 50kg/ha.
A Scoping Analysis of Theories, Models, and Standard Operating Procedures for the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda
Authors: Semwogerere Twaibu , Kucel Samuel Baker , Igga Huzairu , Lusiba Badru , Gavamukulya Yahaya , Namwanje Sophie , Awichi Richard Opaka , KB Joseph Matovu , Barugahare Banson John
Published: July 2022

The Corona Virus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most devastating events in the history of human health for the last several decades. Our analysis aimed at a cross-section of events, models and theories surrounding the pandemic. These included mathematical modeling, lockdown diaries, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), religious approaches, and the 5G network theory among others.  The Global economies have been checked negatively by the pandemic. The COVID - 19 – pandemic challenge, primed many innovations and adaptations for survival. Use of phones and ICT as well as proper handling of asymptomatic victims was necessary as it resolves the anxiety issue of the infection spread.  Leadership from the President to the lowers levels was critical for the management of COVID -19 challenge in Uganda.
Association between Prenatal Viral Infections and the Occurrence of Schizophrenia in Adulthood
Authors: Kotsiri Ioanna , Spyrantis Alexandros , Panotopoulos Charalampos , Magiorkinis Emmanouil
Published: July 2022

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Genetics and environmental factors appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Epidemiological studies have focused on the relationship between viral infection during pregnancy and an increased risk of developing schizophrenia in offspring. The aim of our review is to summarize whether viral infections during pregnancy can lead to psychiatric disorders and especially to schizophrenia in adulthood. For that purpose we undertaken a thorough search in Pubmed using as keywords viral infections, schizophrenia, perinatal infections and virus. Epidemiological studies have focused on the relationship between perinatal viral infections and an increased risk of developing schizophrenia in offspring. Influenza virus, various members of the Herpesviridae family, retroviruses, borna virus are discussed as examples of viral infections associated with schizophrenia. These viral infections appear to interfere with the normal maturation of the brain and may lead to the subsequent onset of schizophrenia. Another epidemiological aspect of schizophrenia is the fact that it presents a seasonal prevalence with peaks in offsprings which wer born during winter and spring. It is also possible for an infection occurring in infancy to reactivate later, as is known to happen with herpes viruses. Overall,various studies showed that prenatal maternal infections appear to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia in the offspring, and this is due to the body's immune response to the infection, and not in exposure to specific viral or bacterial pathogens.
A Case Report on Recurrent Intestinal Obstruction with Relapsing Klebsiella and Candida Sepsis in a 6 Years Old Patient: A Rare Case Report from South India
Authors: Shailaja K. , Nissi L. , Vinithra S. Sri
Published: July 2022

When the forward movement of intestinal contents is interrupted or impeded by a mechanical reason, it is referred to as an intestinal obstruction. In this case report, a 6-year-old pediatric patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and bilious vomiting associated with nausea. In a shorter period, he had undergone two recurrent surgeries for intestinal obstruction and also had two different infections preceding the completion of the two surgeries. This report can give a clear picture that diagnosis serves as a gold standard for designing a pharmacotherapeutic plan to reduce the susceptibility to various pathogenic infections and reduce the length of hospital stay.
QR based Penalty Charging for Traffic Police
Authors: Abirami S.M. , Akila A. , Kamalesree P.B. , Gowtham S.
Published: July 2022

The "QR BASEDPENALTY CHARGING FOR TRAFFIC POLICE" project was created utilising the Android 4.0.3 Standard platform. The platform used to develop the application is Eclipse IDE (Mars) with Java 1.7 Standard Edition. The project's focus is on using mobile apps to manage information about traffic infringement penalties. Through this software, the project processes accident information as well as licence details, car details, penalty details, and accident information. The project will also concentrate on a mobile app that will aid in learning information on the fines associated with traffic infractions as tracked by Vehicle No. on the road. Due to its quick readability and larger storage capacity compared to normal barcodes, the Quick Response (Vehicle No) system gained popularity outside of the automotive industry. Applications include document management, general marketing, product tracking, item identification, and time monitoring. According to the completed procedure, there will be a decrease in the burden of the government and traffic police, as well as a decrease in accidents and corruption throughout the nation. According to the rule broken by the car driver and the actual fine decided by the government, this programme will immediately deduct the fine from the owner's bank account. The owner of the vehicle will also receive a message from this application detailing the type of rule they broke, the fine associated with it, a photo taken by their mobile device as proof of the violation, the date and time of the violation, and the precise amount they will be receiving in their bank account as payment for the violation. According to this whole process done, there will be reduction in the workload of traffic police and government and also reduction in accidents and corruption too in country.
Student Syllabus Tracker
Authors: orva Abo , miya Sow , miya Sow , rajan Naga
Published: July 2022

Syllabus are crucial tools that aid university teachers in explaining to students the goal and course direction. Syllabi creation and storage using conventional methods can get tiresome and time-consuming. At a sizable private institution, the Center for Teaching and Learning has created a tool to speed up the process of creating, modifying, and saving syllabi. The designer and developer will introduce and demonstrate the recently developed tool during the roundtable session, facilitate a discussion about how the tool can be used to enhance communication between teachers, students, and departments, and then give the attendees the opportunity to use the tool. Easy to view the students syllabus detail. Identify the particular set of the syllabus of the students. It is easy for each subject faculty. Serve as the framework for the selected course materials, course details, and method of instructions. University teaching and learning is always accessed through syllabi. Using this analogy as a foundation, this paper introduces Open Syllabus, a model-based REACT JS, NODE JS, MANGO DB approach to course outlines for online courses. The resources (files, citations, assignments, etc.), activities (quiz, forum, etc.), and course information (description, objectives, etc.) are all organized in Open Syllabus in a way that gives instructors direction, students navigational clarity, and export/import capabilities for sharing content across platforms.
Study of Global Financial Crises and their Effects on Accounting Systems
Authors: Latif Abdalameer Zamil , Agrab Asaad Sasaa , Malik Ghaith Hakim
Published: July 2022

This examination paper plans to concentrate on the effect of monetary emergencies on bookkeeping and monetary announcing, by investigating the main monetary emergencies looked by the worldwide monetary local area, with an attention on the two emergencies of the American market in 2002 and the worldwide monetary emergency in 2008. I propose that the bookkeeping calling has been significantly impacted by these emergencies, as the bookkeeping calling was one of the reasons for these emergencies, which was reflected in the expanded worldwide interest in making a few changes and giving enactment and laws that help the degrees of divulgence, straightforwardness and corporate administration.
Addition of Diquat Enhances the Electron Mobility in Various Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Nugraha Mohamad Insan , Gedda Murali , Firdaus Yuliar , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Zhang Weimin , Alshammari Sanaa , Aniés Filip , Adilbekova Begimai , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , McCulloch Iain , Heeney Martin , Tsetseris Leonidas , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: July 2022

Molecular doping of organic semiconductors is often used to enhance their charge transport characteristics. Despite its success, however, most studies to date concern p‐doping with considerably fewer reports involving n‐dopants. Here, n‐doping of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based on several non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules using the recently developed diquat (DQ) as a soluble molecular dopant is reported. The low ionization potential of DQ facilitates efficient electron transfer and subsequent n‐doping of the NFAs, resulting in a consistent increase in the electron field‐effect mobility. Solution‐processed BTP‐eC9 and N3‐based OTFTs exhibit significant increase in the electron mobility upon DQ doping, with values increasing from 0.02 to 0.17 cm2 V–1 s–1 and from 0.2 to 0.57 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. A remarkable electron mobility of >1 cm2 V–1 s–1 is achieved for O‐IDTBR transistors upon optimal doping with DQ. The enhanced performance originates primarily from synergistic effects on electronic transport and changes in morphology, including: i) significant reduction of contact resistances, ii) formation of larger crystalline domains, iii) change of preferred crystal orientation, and iv) alteration in molecular packing motif. This work demonstrates the universality of DQ as an electronic additive for improving electron transport in OTFTs.
3D Network‐Assisted Crystallization for Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Irradiation Stability
Authors: Li Feng , Gong Chenxiang , Fan Baojin , Xing Zhi , Meng Xiangchuan , Zhang Shaohua , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: July 2022

Meniscus‐coating as a high‐throughput preparation process has significant advantages in the manufacture of large‐area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the gradient crystallization during printing significantly affects the vertical uniformity of perovskite films, which greatly affects the carrier transport of perovskite films and the stability of PSCs. Here, a perovskite ink compatible with printing technology is reported to realize uniform printing of perovskite film on a 3D scale. The siloxane 3D network hinders the solute migration caused by capillary force and acts as a skeleton to promote the uniform crystallization of perovskite films. Consequently, the corresponding fully printed PSCs have reduced efficiency loss (from 37.4% to 17.0%). In addition, based on the improvement of crystal quality and reduction of defects in perovskite films, the siloxane‐optimized PSCs achieved a championship efficiency of 22.0%, which is one of the highest performance for fully printed devices. The optimized device retains 80% of the initial PCE after 800 h AM 1.5G one‐sun illumination, and only decreases 20% after 160 h of ultraviolet light (365 nm, 20 mW cm−2) irradiation.
In Situ Forming Hydrogel as a Tracer and Degradable Lacrimal Plug for Dry Eye Treatment
Authors: Dai Mali , Xu Kejia , Xiao Decheng , Zheng Yujing , Zheng Qinxiang , Shen Jianliang , Qian Yuna , Chen Wei
Published: July 2022

Lacrimal plug is an effective and widely therapeutic strategy to treat dry eye. However, almost all commercialized plugs are fixed in a certain design and associated with many complications, such as spontaneous plug extrusion, epiphora, and granuloma and cannot be traced in the long‐term. Herein, a simple in situ forming hydrogel is developed as a tracer and degradable lacrimal plug to achieve the best match with the irregular lacrimal passages. In this strategy, methacrylate‐modified silk fibroin (SFMA) is served as a network, and a self‐assembled indocyanine green fluorescence tracer nanoparticle (FTN) is embedded as an indicator to develop the hydrogel plug using visible photo‐crosslinking. This SFMA/FTN hydrogel plug has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be noninvasively monitored by near‐infrared light. In vivo tests based on dry eye rabbits show that the SFMA/FTN hydrogel plug can completely block the lacrimal passages and greatly improve the various clinical indicators of dry eye. These results demonstrate that the SFMA/FTN hydrogel is suitable as an injectable and degradable lacrimal plug with a long‐term tracking function. The work offers a new approach to the development of absorbable plugs for the treatment of dry eye.
Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials
Authors: Shao Xiaowei , Liu Zhongqian , Mao Shijie , Han Lin
Published: July 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long‐term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.
Scalable Formation of Highly Viable and Functional Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spheroids in an Oxygen‐Permeable Microwell Device for Anti‐Tumor Drug Evaluation
Authors: He Jianyu , Zhou Chang , Xu Xiaolei , Zhou Zhenzhen , Danoy Mathieu , Shinohara Marie , Xiao Wenjin , Zhu Dong , Zhao Xiuying , Feng Xiaobin , Mao Yilei , Sun Wei , Sakai Yasuyuki , Yang Huayu , Pang Yuan
Published: July 2022

For high‐throughput anti‐cancer drug screening, microwell arrays may serve as an effective tool to generate uniform and scalable tumor spheroids. However, microwell arrays are commonly anchored in non‐oxygen‐permeable culture plates, leading to limited oxygen supply for avascular spheroids. Herein, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based oxygen‐permeable microwell device is introduced for generating highly viable and functional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spheroids. The PDMS sheets at the bottom of the microwell device provide a high flux of oxygen like in vivo neighboring hepatic sinusoids. Owing to the better oxygen supply, the generated HepG2 spheroids are larger in size and exhibit higher viability and proliferation with less cell apoptosis and necrosis. These spheroids also exhibit lower levels of anaerobic cellular respiration and express higher levels of liver‐related functions. In anti‐cancer drug testing, spheroids cultured in PDMS plates show a significantly stronger resistance against doxorubicin because of the stronger stem‐cell and multidrug resistance phenotype. Moreover, higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A produces a stronger angiogenesis capability of the spheroids. Overall, compared to the spheroids cultured in conventional non‐oxygen‐permeable plates, these spheroids can be used as a more favorable model for early‐stage HCCs and be applied in high‐throughput anti‐cancer drug screening.
Top‐Layer Engineering Reshapes Charge Transfer at Polar Oxide Interfaces
Authors: De Luca Gabriele , Spring Jonathan , Kaviani Moloud , Jöhr Simon , Campanini Marco , Zakharova Anna , Guillemard Charles , Herrero‐Martin Javier , Erni Rolf , Piamonteze Cinthia , Rossell Marta D. , Aschauer Ulrich , Gibert Marta
Published: July 2022

Charge‐transfer phenomena at heterointerfaces are a promising pathway to engineer functionalities absent in bulk materials but can also lead to degraded properties in ultrathin films. Mitigating such undesired effects with an interlayer reshapes the interface architecture, restricting its operability. Therefore, developing less‐invasive methods to control charge transfer will be beneficial. Here, an appropriate top‐interface design allows for remote manipulation of the charge configuration of the buried interface and concurrent restoration of the ferromagnetic trait of the whole film. Double‐perovskite insulating ferromagnetic La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) thin films grown on perovskite oxide substrates are investigated as a model system. An oxygen‐vacancy‐assisted electronic reconstruction takes place initially at the LNMO polar interfaces. As a result, the magnetic properties of 2–5 unit cell LNMO films are affected beyond dimensionality effects. The introduction of a top electron‐acceptor layer redistributes the electron excess and restores the ferromagnetic properties of the ultrathin LNMO films. Such a strategy can be extended to other interfaces and provides an advanced approach to fine‐tune the electronic features of complex multilayered heterostructures.
Hot‐Casting‐Assisted Liquid Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Min Hanul , Hu Junnan , Xu Zhaojian , Liu Tianran , Khan Saeed‐Uz‐Zaman , Roh Kwangdong , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Rand Barry P.
Published: July 2022

High‐performance inorganic–organic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are often fabricated with a liquid additive such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which retards crystallization and reduces roughness and pinholes in the perovskite layers. However, DMSO can be trapped during perovskite film formation and induce voids and undesired reaction byproducts upon later processing steps. Here, it is shown that the amount of residual DMSO can be reduced in as‐spin‐coated films significantly through use of preheated substrates, or a so‐called hot‐casting method. Hot casting increases the perovskite film thickness given the same concentration of solutions, which allows for reducing the perovskite solution concentration. By reducing the amount of DMSO in proportion to the concentration of perovskite precursors and using hot casting, it is possible to fabricate perovskite layers with improved perovskite–substrate interfaces by suppressing the formation of byproducts, which increase trap density and accelerate degradation of the perovskite layers. The best‐performing PSCs exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4% (23.0% stabilized efficiency) under simulated solar illumination. Furthermore, encapsulated devices show considerably reduced post‐burn‐in decay, retaining 75% and 90% of their initial and post‐burn‐in efficiencies after 3000 h of operation with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under high power of ultraviolet (UV)‐containing continuous light exposure.
Bioinspired Oleic Acid–Triolein Emulsions for Functional Material Design
Authors: Freire Rafael V. M. , Haenni Eliane , Hong Linda , Gontsarik Mark , Salentinig Stefan
Published: July 2022

Stimuli‐responsive nanostructured emulsions can be utilized to innovate tailor‐made materials in fields including biotechnology and food materials. This study reports the composition and pH‐responsive colloidal and interfacial properties of the naturally abundant oleic acid–triolein–water emulsions, and applies the knowledge to the sustainable design of nanoemulsions. Small angle X‐ray scattering, spinning drop tensiometry, multi‐angle dynamic light scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and electrophoretic mobility analysis are used to follow pH and ionic strength triggered nanostructural transformations and analyze emulsion particle size and stability. Energy input by vortexing is found sufficient to form emulsions under pH conditions that trigger a decrease in the oil–water interfacial tension. The lipid composition, solution pH, and ionic strength are discovered to influence the protonation of oleic acid, driving pH‐triggered colloidal transformations in the emulsions. The findings from this study can guide the design of novel sustainable functional food emulsions at low‐energy for instance for the solubilization and delivery of degradation sensitive nutrients.
Patterning Technologies for Metal Halide Perovskites: A Review
Authors: Liang Lumeng , Ma Teng , Chen Ziyi , Wang Jiaxin , Hu Jinning , Ji Yucong , Shen Weili , Chen Jun
Published: July 2022

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their unique optical and electrical properties. In the process of preparing MHP materials into optoelectronic devices, patterning is often a key step. The ability to achieve high‐precision and high‐quality patterned films determines whether the corresponding high‐quality applications can be made. At present, there are a lot of patterning researches. Based on the classification of operation methods, this review divides the current MHP patterning methods into three categories: template patterning, inkjet printing patterning, and laser patterning, which describes the operation means, research status, pattern accuracy, method advantages, and future development prospect of each method in detail. This review provides a detailed reference for the research and application of MHP materials, and provides a method basis for future development.
Synergy of MXene with Se Infiltrated Porous N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Janus Electrodes for High‐Performance Sodium/Lithium–Selenium Batteries
Authors: Li Jiayi , Song Jianjun , Luo Linqu , Zhang Hongwei , Feng Junan , Zhao Xiaoxian , Guo Xin , Dong Hanghang , Chen Shuangqiang , Liu Hao , Shao Guangjie , Anthopoulos Thomas. D. , Su Yaqiong , Wang Fengyun , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2022

Metal–selenium (M–Se) batteries are considered promising candidates for next‐generation battery technologies owing to their high energy density and high‐rate capability. However, Se cathode suffers from poor cycling performance and low Coulombic efficiency, owing to the shuttle effect of polyselenides. Herein, it is reported the incorporation of Ti3C2Tx MXene onto Se infiltrated porous N‐doped carbon nanofibers (PNCNFs) to construct free‐standing Janus PNCNFs/Se@MXene cathodes for high‐performance Na–Se and Li–Se batteries. The increase of pyrrolic‐N content and the porous structure of the PNCNFs is conducive to enhancing the adsorption of Na2Se and alleviating the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have proven that 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with polar interfaces enables the effective chemical immobilization and physical blocking of polyselenides to suppress the shuttle effect. The unique architecture with Ti3C2Tx MXene built on top of interlinked nanofiber ensures the continuous electron transfer for redox reaction. As a result, the novel Janus PNCNFs/Se@MXene electrodes deliver robust rate capabilities and superior long‐term cycling stability in both Na–Se and Li–Se batteries. The incorporation of 2D MXene to construct Janus electrodes provides a competitive advantage for selenium‐based cathode materials and highlights a new strategy for developing high‐performance batteries.
Engineering Nonprecious Metal Oxides Electrocatalysts for Two‐Electron Water Oxidation to H2O2
Authors: Hu Xin , Sun Zixu , Mei Guoliang , Zhao Xin , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a valuable chemical oxidant which has been extensively applied in water treatment, textile/paper bleaching, medical disinfection, and other industrial fields. Electrocatalytic two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e‐WOR) with renewable energy inputs is an attractive route to produce H2O2, which avoids the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process in industry. However, leveraging these advances requires the development of efficient and selective electrocatalysts to accelerate the sluggish kinetics. In particular, nanostructured engineering of nonprecious metal oxides offers a promising route for 2e‐WOR. In this review, the recent progress on nanostructure engineering of various nonprecious metal oxides electrocatalysts for 2e‐WOR is reviewed, along with remarks on the challenges and perspectives. The fundamental understanding of 2e‐WOR by density functional theory calculations and operando characterizations is first given, followed by a discussion of diverse H2O2 quantification methods including ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, titration, and colorimetric strips, with special emphasis on their accuracy, detection limit and stability. Afterward, various strategies toward high‐performance nonprecious metal oxides electrocatalysts including doping, defect, facet, and interface engineering are overviewed. Future challenges and opportunities for 2e‐WOR to H2O2 are proposed finally.
The shared genetic basis of mood instability and psychiatric disorders: A cross‐trait genome‐wide association analysis
Authors: Hindley Guy , O'Connell Kevin S. , Rahman Zillur , Frei Oleksandr , Bahrami Shahram , Shadrin Alexey , Høegh Margrethe C. , Cheng Weiqiu , Karadag Naz , Lin Aihua , Rødevand Linn , Fan Chun C. , Djurovic Srdjan , Lagerberg Trine V. , Dale Anders M. , Smeland Olav B. , Andreassen Ole A.
Published: July 2022

Recent genome‐wide association studies of mood instability (MOOD) have found significant positive genetic correlation with major depression (DEP) and weak correlations with other psychiatric disorders. We investigated the polygenic overlap between MOOD and psychiatric disorders beyond genetic correlation to better characterize putative shared genetic determinants. GWAS summary statistics for schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 105,318), bipolar disorder (BIP, n = 413,466), DEP (n = 450,619), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 53,293), and MOOD (n = 363,705) were analyzed using the bivariate causal mixture model and conjunctional false discovery rate methods. MOOD correlated positively with all psychiatric disorders, but with wide variation in strength (rg = 0.10–0.62). Of 10.4 K genomic variants influencing MOOD, 4 K–9.4 K influenced psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, MOOD was jointly associated with DEP at 163 loci, SCZ at 110, BIP at 60 and ADHD at 25. Fifty‐three jointly associated loci were overlapping across two or more disorders, seven of which had discordant effect directions on psychiatric disorders. Genes mapped to loci associated with MOOD and all four disorders were enriched in a single gene‐set, “synapse organization.” The extensive polygenic overlap indicates shared molecular underpinnings across MOOD and psychiatric disorders. However, distinct patterns of genetic correlation and effect directions may relate to differences in the core clinical features of each disorder.
A phenome‐wide association study of polygenic scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across two genetic ancestries in electronic health record data
Authors: Niarchou Maria , Sealock Julia M. , Straub Peter , Sanchez‐Roige Sandra , Sutcliffe James S. , Davis Lea K.
Published: July 2022

Testing the association between genetic scores for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and health conditions, can help us better understand its complex etiology. Electronic health records linked to genetic data provide an opportunity to test whether genetic scores for ADHD correlate with ADHD and additional health outcomes in a health care context across different age groups. We generated polygenic scores (ADHD‐PGS) trained on summary statistics from the latest genome‐wide association study of ADHD (N = 55,374) and applied them to genome‐wide data from 12,383 unrelated individuals of African‐American ancestry and 66,378 unrelated individuals of European ancestry from the Vanderbilt Biobank. Overall, only Tobacco use disorder (TUD) was associated with ADHD‐PGS in the African‐American ancestry group (Odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] = 1.23[1.16–1.31], p = 9.3 × 10−09). Eighty‐six phenotypes were associated with ADHD‐PGS in the European ancestry individuals, including ADHD (OR[95%CIs] = 1.22[1.16–1.29], p = 3.6 × 10−10), and TUD (OR[95%CIs] = 1.22[1.19–1.25], p = 2.8 × 10−46). We then stratified outcomes by age (ages 0–11, 12–18, 19–25, 26–40, 41–60, and 61–100). Our results suggest that ADHD polygenic scores are associated with ADHD diagnoses early in life and with an increasing number of health conditions throughout the lifespan (even in the absence of ADHD diagnosis). This study reinforces the utility of applying trait‐specific PGSs to biobank data, and performing exploratory sensitivity analyses, to probe relationships among clinical conditions.
Childhood stress and developmental instability: Comparing microscopic enamel defects and cranial fluctuating asymmetry in a colonial Mexican sample
Authors: Moes Emily , Willermet Cathy , Hunley Keith , Ragsdale Corey , Edgar Heather J. H.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Recent tests of the relationship between enamel defects, an indicator of early life stress, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of cumulative developmental instability, have produced equivocal results. This may be because they use methods that underestimate the number of defects. We reinvestigate this relationship using high‐resolution microscopy images of tooth surfaces. Further, we test the hypothesis that developmental stresses during the earliest period of tooth development have a greater impact on FA than stresses during subsequent periods.

Materials and Methods

The sample consists of 48 individuals from two colonial‐era cemeteries in Mexico City. Using one canine from each individual, we created photomontages using a 2D light microscope. Tooth crowns were divided into three developmental periods. Defects were identified as widely spaced perikymata using moving z‐scores. We compared defect presence, frequency, and timing to FA calculated from 11 landmarks using geometric morphometrics from 3D models of each cranium.

Results

Both the presence and frequency of enamel defects are significantly associated with an increase in FA. Contrary to our expectations, defects that formed in the latest developmental period (4–5.5 years) were uniquely associated with an increase in FA, relative to the other two periods.

Discussion

The presence and frequency of stress during childhood increases developmental instability. The time between 4 and 5.5 years may be a sensitive window of development in which disruptions to growth have a long‐lasting effect on developmental instability. Results indicate that research on developmental stress should consider the timing and frequency of stress events to more fully understand their impact on later life.
Dementia prevention: The potential long‐term cost‐effectiveness of the FINGER prevention program
Authors: Wimo Anders , Handels Ron , Antikainen Riitta , Eriksdotter Maria , Jönsson Linus , Knapp Martin , Kulmala Jenni , Laatikainen Tiina , Lehtisalo Jenni , Peltonen Markku , Sköldunger Anders , Soininen Hilkka , Solomon Alina , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Ngandu Tiia , Kivipelto Miia
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to estimate the potential cost‐effectiveness of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) program.

Methods

A life‐time Markov model with societal perspective, simulating a cohort of people at risk of dementia reflecting usual care and the FINGER program.

Results

Costs were 1,653,275 and 1,635,346 SEK and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were 8.636 and 8.679 for usual care and the FINGER program, respectively, resulting in savings of 16,928 SEK (2023 US$) and 0.043 QALY gains per person, supporting extended dominance for the FINGER program. A total of 1623 dementia cases were avoided with 0.17 fewer person‐years living with dementia. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the conclusions in most scenarios.

Discussion

The model provides support that programs like FINGER have the potential to be cost‐effective in preventing dementia. Results at the individual level are rather modest, but the societal benefits can be substantial because of the large potential target population.
Differences in the measurement of cognition for the assessment of dementia across geographic contexts: Recommendations for cross‐national research
Authors: Nichols Emma , Ng Derek K. , Hayat Shablina , Langa Kenneth M. , Lee Jinkook , Steptoe Andrew , Deal Jennifer A. , Gross Alden L.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Most cognitive assessments have been developed in high‐income countries but are used in diverse contexts. Differences in culture and context may affect the performance of cognitive items.

Methods

We used the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) surveys in the United States, Mexico, India, England, and South Africa (combined N = 11,364) to quantify associations across countries between cognitive items and cognitive impairment status using age‐ and sex‐adjusted logistic regression.

Results

Associations were stronger in the United States (median odds ratio [OR] across items = 0.17) and England (median OR = 0.19), compared to South Africa (median OR = 0.23), India (median OR = 0.29), and Mexico (median OR = 0.28). Items assessing memory (e.g., delayed recall tasks) had the most consistent associations of the largest magnitudes across contexts.

Discussion

Transporting cognitive items among countries and cultures warrants caution. Our results can guide the design of future instruments by identifying items that performed well either in individual contexts or across the range of contexts considered.

HIGHLIGHTS

Little quantitative evidence exists to guide the design of cognitive assessments in cross‐national studies.

The performance of cognitive items for the measurement of dementia varied across countries.

Items with lower variation across countries (e.g., delayed word recall) should be used in future cross‐national assessments.

Across countries, there was variability in the performance of language assessments, with the exception of the animal naming task.

Results can be used to design future cross‐national or location‐specific cognitive assessments.
A Dihydroazulene‐Based Photofluorochromic AIE System for Rewritable 4D Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Shen Hanchen , Liu Xinyue , Yang Xueqin , Broman Søren Lindbæk , Wang Haoran , Li Qiyao , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhang Haoke , Cacciarini Martina , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2022

Dynamic patterns based on luminescent materials play an essential role in the digital age. However, it is still challenging to develop highly emissive photofluorochromic materials with dynamic behaviors to store information with multiple characteristics. Here, we report a series of dihydroazulene‐based compounds which show typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. Moreover, the photo‐switching ability of the dihydroazulene units, undergoing light‐induced ring‐opening, enables photofluorochromic properties. The photofluorochromism also shows quantitively described responses to time and temperature via a reverse ring‐closing process. Ultimately, a rewritable 4D information system, embedded with a quick response code, dot matrix with microstructures, color matrix of fluorescence, and time/temperature‐dependent intensity change, is established with dynamic patterns. This work not only develops a dynamic AIE skeleton with photofluorochromic properties but also provides a new strategy for information encryption and cybernetics.
The oldest evidence of Testudo graeca (Testudinidae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Boneta Jiménez Iratxe , Pérez‐García Adán , Liesau von Lettow‐Vorbeck Corina
Published: July 2022

The Testudo graeca (i.e., Greek Tortoise or Spur‐thighed Tortoise) origin in Western Europe is a subject of debate within the scientific community. The species is a part of the current Spanish biodiversity, with three isolated populations, located in the south‐eastern (Almeria and Murcia) and south‐western (Doñana National Park, Andalusia) areas of the Iberian Peninsula, and in the Mallorca Island (Balearic Islands). Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, putative references to the presence of Testudo graeca in the Iberian paleontological and archaeozoological records were relatively common. However, many of them were refuted in subsequent papers and, those that were not, are currently considered as doubtful. The aim of this work is to present and describe the oldest indisputable remains of Testudo graeca in the Iberian Peninsula. They correspond to several individuals, hitherto unpublished, recovered as grave goods in two tombs at the Plaza Marqués de Busianos 5 site (Valencia, eastern Spain), dated between the first and second centuries AD.
Hydrogen Generation from Organic Hydrides under Continuous‐Flow Conditions Using Polymethylphenylsilane‐Aluminum Immobilized Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Suzuki Aya , Zhu Zhiyuan , Kobayashi Shū
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen is an important resource for realizing the goal of a hydrogen‐based society as well as for synthetic organic chemistry. Catalytic dehydrogenation of organic hydrides such as methyl cyclohexane is attractive for hydrogen storage and transportation in terms of reversibility and selectivity of catalytic reactions and hydrogen storage density. We developed a highly active polymethylphenylsilane‐aluminum immobilized platinum catalyst (Pt/MPPSi‐Al2O3) for dehydrogenation of organic hydrides. Organic hydrides were fully converted into the corresponding aromatic compounds under reactive distillation conditions at 200 °C or under circulation‐flow conditions using the Pt/MPPSi‐Al2O3 catalyst packed in a column at 260 °C. The dehydrogenation reaction reached a maximum conversion at equilibrium (ca. 60%) under continuous‐flow conditions at 260 °C. This catalytic continuous‐flow dehydrogenation was applied to a formal hydrogen transfer from organic hydrides to unsaturated organic substrates under sequential and continuous‐flow conditions for practical flow hydrogenation reactions by connecting two different heterogeneous catalysts packed in columns.
HtrA1L364P leads to cognitive dysfunction and vascular destruction through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway in CARASIL model mice
Authors: Chuanfen Li , Xiaoling Wang , Wen Jing , Bingzhen Cao , Min Wang
Published: July 2022

Aims

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a life‐threatening, inherited, nonhypertensive arteriole disease of the brain. Therapeutic strategy for CARASIL is limited because its pathogenesis is not clear. We previously reported the first family with CARASIL in China, which involves a high‐temperature requirement serine protease gene mutation (HtrA1L364P). Based on this previous study, we constructed a CARASIL mouse model (Mut‐hHtrA1L364P mouse, hereinafter referred to as Mut). This paper aimed to systematically study the behavior, pathology, and molecular biology of Mut mice and explore the pathogenesis and possible therapeutic strategies of CARASIL.

Methods

Food maze and water maze experiments were used in the behavioral studies. Pathological studies were carried out by arteriole labeling staining and electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the key factors of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway (TGF‐β, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4) in the brain of the model mice were detected by immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and Western blot assay.

Results

The food maze and water maze experiment data showed significant differences between the Mut and wild‐type (WT) mice in the first time to find food, the time to contact the escape table for the first time, and the number of times to travel in the escape table quadrant (p < 0.001). The results of vascular labeling staining showed that some small arteries in the brain of Mut mice lost normal structure. The results of electron microscopy showed that the cell morphologies in the cortex and hippocampus of Mut mice were abnormal; the number of synapses was reduced; the walls of capillaries, venules, and arterioles thickened; lumen stenosis and other abnormal phenomenon occurred; and lipofuscin deposition and autophagosomes were found in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western Blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF‐β, Smad2, and Smad3 in the brain of Mut mice increased to different degrees.

Conclusions

The most significant innovation of this study is the first study on the pathogenesis of CARASIL disease using model animals. The Mut mice can well simulate the pathogenesis of CARASIL in behavioral and pathological aspects. The TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, which is involved in the pathogenesis of CARASIL, is abnormally upregulated in the brain of Mut mice.
Kidney disease in very long‐term survivors of Wilms tumor: A nationwide cohort study with sibling controls
Authors: Høgsholt Stine , Asdahl Peter Haubjerg , Rechnitzer Catherine , Winther Jeanette Falck , Birn Henrik , Hasle Henrik
Published: July 2022

Background

Survival after Wilms tumor has significantly increased and focus on late effects has become increasingly important. However, knowledge about long‐term renal function in survivors of Wilms tumor is missing. Our aim was to investigate evidence of kidney disease in 20‐ or more‐year survivors of Wilms tumor in a clinical setting, with siblings as comparisons.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we established a cohort of Danish 20‐plus‐year survivors of Wilms tumor and siblings as controls. Participants answered a comprehensive health questionnaire supplemented by measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, and blood pressure and were categorized according to the chronic kidney disease classification. Multiple linear regression analysis, taking family membership into account, was used to describe the differences in eGFR. Logistic regression analysis was performed to describe risk factors for the development of kidney disease.

Results

We included 99 survivors of Wilms tumor and 38 sibling controls with a median of 37 years of follow‐up. The eGFR of Wilms tumor survivors was 13 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI –20; −5) lower when compared to sibling control. Evidence of kidney disease, with risk factors as hypertension and diabetes, was found in 19% of the Wilms tumor survivors and 2% developed end‐stage renal disease. Ninety‐two percent of the Wilms tumor survivors had an eGFR >60 ml/min/1.732.

Conclusion

Long‐term Wilms tumor survivors have on average a significantly decreased renal function along with the increased prevalence of kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease when compared to sibling controls. Still, most survivors had kidney function within the normal range.