bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIGITAL SPACE AS A CRIME SCENE UNDER GLOBAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Ivanova Liliya V. , Perezhogina Galina V.
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has challenged many countries. Restrictive measures to curb the spread of the new coronavirus infection included self-isolation of citizens, as well as working and studying online, which was possible thanks to the development of information technology. However, the digital space has always attracted criminal attention. The pandemic was no exception: the number of cybercrimes has increased significantly.
The digital space has no state borders, and locating the crime scene might be difficult. The concept of a “crime scene” is absent in criminal legislation that generates controversy in criminal legal science.
The authors consider digital space as a criminal concept, analyze scientific views on the problem of determining the crime scene, highlight the features of the digital crime scene, and reveal the main types of cybercrimes.
They conclude that the crime scene in the digital space is the place of information input and entrance into the information and telecommunication network with the subsequent implementation from this scene of the criminal act, regardless of the location of socially dangerous consequences.
The research methodology includes traditional for criminal law science. The comparative legal approach allowed identifying the features of scientific and legal definitions, to define the digital space as a crime scene. The statistical method, through the analysis of crime statistics in the Russian Federation, helped showing the dynamics of crimes committed in the digital space, including during a pandemic. Using the method of analysis, the authors have studied the cybercrime cases.
Village heads: civic participation in the grassroots level of local self-government
Authors: Guzhavina Tatiana A.
Published: January 2021

Rural areas make up a large part of the country, where almost a quarter of its population live. However, in many ways these are the most problematic areas. There are restrictions for the population in their access to economic and social resources, which reduces the living standards and leads to its outflow. In ensuring the living standards of the rural population, the role of local self-government is significant. Local self-government, which is the grassroots level of public authority, is focused on solving local issues. It has a rather complex structure, with village heads at the foundation. The activities of the heads are regulated by federal and regional legislation. They embody the unity of the collective and the individual, occupying an intermediate position between the structures of public authority and the local population. Their activities are quite diverse and can be classified as socially useful. As an object of research, this group is underexplored. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of rural heads as citizens and as representatives of the grassroots level of local self-government, considered as a form of civic participation. In this connection, a pilot research project was implemented which covered the heads of rural settlements in villages belonging to the Cherepovets Municipal District of the Vologda Region. This is a fairly large group in the LSG structure. There are 280 of them only in the Cherepovets District. An expert survey and a semi-structured interview were the source of empirical information. Village heads of 20 villages represented themselves as informants. The study showed that, on the one hand, the heads quite consciously perform their main function, acting as representatives of the inhabitants of their village; on the other hand, they provide communication between the population and the administration of rural settlements. Many think of themselves as activists — however, not all of them perceive their activities as socially useful: some believe that they do routine things out of necessity. The civic component in the activities of village heads is expressed quite clearly. For many of them, the reason for participation is the desire to solve any meaningful problem, some are aware of the need to influence the government. The heads quite realistically represent the barriers that exist in local self-government and prevent the intensification of the participation of rural inhabitants in it. Taking into account the large number and social significance of this population group, it makes sense to study it further.
Determination of radiation exposure with related to the use of chest CT in during COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric patients
Authors: Coskun Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Aim
The main goal of this study was to determine the radiation exposure with use of chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Materials and Methods
Children who underwent thorax CT with a pre-diagnosis of infection between April-September in 2019 and April-September in 2020 were included. kVp decreased about 10% to reduce radiation exposure per scans in 2020. Dose-length product (DLP) was acquired from patient protocol screen in CT scans. Age-specific conversion coefficients were used to determine effective dose. Total radiation exposure was calculated by summing effective doses in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Age and gender differences were compared among years (2019 vs 2020) using Student’s T test and Fisher’s Exact test, respectively.
Results
Three-hundred-sixty-six children were included. Seventy and 296 patients were scanned with chest CT in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Three patients re-scanned with CT in 2020. There was a substantial increase of CT use in August and September in 2020 compared with the same period of 2019 (114 vs 8). The total effective doses in 2019 and 2020 were 223.21 mSv and 590.92 mSv, respectively. Radiation dose increased by 2.65 times with increased use in 2020. Age of the patients was significantly higher in 2020 (p < 0.001) while there was no gender difference by years (p = 0.11).
Conclusion
Radiation dose increased 2.65 times in children with use of chest CT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Awareness should be raised on radiation exposure and use of chest CT should be avoided in children.
THE EFFECTS OF r-HDPE/r-PP FORMULATION RATIO INTO MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF r-HDPE/r-PP POLYMERIC BLENDS
Authors:   Center of Smart System and Innovative Design, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Malaysia.1), Abd Razak Jeefferie , Zaleha Wahid Siti , Mohamad Noraiham , Puspitasari Poppy , Jaafar Rosidah , Tutuko Pindo ,   Institut Kemahiran Tinggi Belia Negara (IKTBN), 84600, Johor, Malaysia.,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia,   Fakultas Arsitektur, Universitas Merdeka Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This study has reported the effects of different formulation ratio between recycled high density polyethylene (r-HDPE) and recycled polypropylene (r-PP) into the resulted mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of r-HDPE/r-PP polymeric blends. About five (5) different formulation ratio of r-HDPE/r-PP have been prepared and tested. The best combination ratio between r-HDPE and r-PP was determined in this work. It was found that the 70/30 wt.% of r- HDPE/r-PP blend possessed an outstanding mechanical and physical strength. About 59.80% and 2.30% of positive improvement in comparison to 0/100 wt.% of r-HDPE/r-PP was achieved for both of tensile strength and hardness, respectively. Interestingly, for 70/30 wt.% of r-HDPE/r-PP blend had also experienced major increased in their elongation at break up to 473%. The fracture morphological behavior of the tested samples that were observed via SEM observation, had established the interaction between the structure and properties of produced r-HDPE/r-PP blends, especially on the miscibility state between the r-HDPE and r-PP phases. Thermal evaluation by using the DSC had confirmed the partial miscibility state due to dominant peak shifting at 120 - 140°C and obvious melting peak reduction pattern. Overall, from this study, it was found that the blending between r-HDPE and r-PP into r-HDPE/r-PP blends are feasible to improve the properties of primary phase.
ANALYSIS ON THE PURCHASING DATA TO RE-DESIGN THE PROCEDURE OF TURNAROUND MAINTENANCE
Authors:   Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Nur Cahyo Winda , Zaman Buchairi ,   Graduate of Master of Industrial Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas  Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Published: January 2021

Turnaround (TA) is a large-scale maintenance activity (extraordinary maintenance activities), which is carried out periodically (repeated large-scale maintenance), where the work referred to can only be carried out when the unit is stopped operating. The main scope of work is inspection (inspection), repair, cleaning equipment. The success or failure of turnaround activities is very influential from careful preparation, some of the failures of turnaround activities result from unplanned preparations. One factor is the readiness of the material. This paper discusses the direct involvement of the material procurement process in determining better TA preparation time. The historical data from the purchasing is analyses and then the result is combined with the new proposed procedure of the TA maintenance. The new procedure has three months less than thecurrent procedure.
SIMULATION OF COAL HANDLING PLANT TO SUPPORT THE STABILITY OF COAL SUPPLY
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Brawijaya University, KUSMIWARDHANA DANANG
Published: January 2021

PT PJB UPJ O&M PLTU Paiton is a steam power plant that uses coal as fuel for coal handling plant. However, the infrastructure conditions of PT PJB UPJ O&M PLTU Paiton do not support coal multisuppliers. The objectives of this study are to obtain a design model that can simulate coal removal systems at coal handling plant, to obtain the best options from this increasing amount and bulldozer capacity that can be a solution to the existing problems, and find out other alternative solutions that can be utilized to overcome the existing problems. The study design applies observational research using a cross-sectional approach. Observation or data collection was carried out at one time (point time approach). Based on the results of the study, the use of bulldozers in the reference model and bulldozers with a capacity of 36 tons in coalyard 2 (high rank) and 16 tons in coalyard 1 (low rank) is unable to reach the expected parameters. Solution to overcome supply parameters according to the needs of 10,000 tons/day is to provide a bulldozer with a capacity of 36 tons on the lot-hopper route at each coalyard. The alternative is to increase the number and capacity of the bulldozers in each coalyard, i.e. HR (48.48.36) and LR (48.48.48.36) with the chute-lot route, by regulating the bulldozer working shifts and by setting the time for unloading the ship.
Expositie van Parijs (partituur).
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

naar " HET VOLKSLEVEN IN HET STRAATLIED". meer dan 300 gentsche straatliedjes, gecommenteerd, in muziek opgenomen en tot bundels gevlochten met pianobegeleiding door Richard VANKENHOVE en Adhemar LEPAGE,
De man van het Belfort - Inventaire archéologique de Gand fiche n° 6.
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

daterend van 1897 en ondergebracht in de Afdeling "Beeldhouwwerken",met als verdere vermelding : Museum van Stenen Voorwerpen (Ruïnesvan de St.-Baafsabdij) - XIVe eeuw.
Структура и электропроводность перовскитов Pr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (x=0; 0.15; 0.25)
Authors: Ведмидь Л.Б. , Федорова О.М. , Балакирева В.Б. , Воротников В.А. , Балакирев В.Ф.
Published: January 2021

Pr1-xSrxMnO3 manganites (x=0; 0.15; 0.25) were synthesized by the solid-phase method at a temperature of 1250°C and have an orthorhombic perovskite-like structure (space group Pbnm). A comprehensive study of the effect of praseodymium substitution with strontium on the temperature features of the transformation of the crystal structure of the studied perovskites was performed using high-temperature radiography and differential thermal analysis. It was determined that the temperature of the Jahn-Тeller effect significantly decreases with the introduction of strontium. It is established that all samples have a semiconductor character of conductivity. Strontium doping significantly increases the electrical conductivity of praseodymium manganites, especially at temperatures below 450°C.
Новый сценарий кинетики зарядки диэлектриков при облучении электронами средних энергий
Authors: Рау Э.И. , Татаринцев А.А.
Published: January 2021

The goal of this paper is first to critical review the charging phenomena occurring during electron deposition in insulating materials. In this research we focus on the elucidation of the charging kinetics including the effects of the electron emission increasing and the electron-radiation defect creation.
In order to avoid some misinterpretation and contradiction of the experimental results we include three fundamental key factors. The first, in the consideration we include the density of the initial (intrinsic) and radiation-induced trapping sites, second, we take into account the role of the primary thermalized electrons in the emission, and third, the charging phenomena in steady-state phase is regulated by the electronic filed, generated during charging.
A atuação da OAB no golpe militar
Authors: Correa de Paula Quenya , Pereira Reid dos Santos André Filipe , Bebber Chamon Rafael
Published: January 2021

Lutas por poder, status e privilégios se dão tanto entre campos quanto no interior deles. O campo político que se encontra em constante tensão com o campo jurídico é repleto de capítulos controversos e que conduzem a uma dinâmica de conservação e transformação de suas propriedades. As atitudes dos políticos, em seus discursos, podem (ou não) revelar o que está implícito no jogo político, limitando o universo do discurso àquilo que é pensável politicamente com as tomadas de posição a serem realizadas no interior do campo. Esse limite vai depender, por certo, das necessidades e demandas que estão em jogo. É nesse contexto que o presente estudo, com base na metodologia e na teoria bourdieusiana dos campos, busca estabelecer um ponto de contato entre o campo político e o campo jurídico, em especial no respeitante à atuação da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil no Golpe Militar de 1964 e no Impeachment de 2016.
Implementing Mobile Health–Enabled Integrated Care for Complex Chronic Patients: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Study
Authors: de Batlle Jordi , Massip Mireia , Vargiu Eloisa , Nadal Nuria , Fuentes Araceli , Ortega Bravo Marta , Miralles Felip , Barbé Ferran , Torres Gerard ,   CONNECARE-Lleida Group
Published: January 2021

Background

Integrated care can generate health and social care efficiencies through the defragmentation of care and adoption of patient-centered preventive models. eHealth can be a key enabling technology for integrated care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the implementation of a mobile health (mHealth)-enabled integrated care model for complex chronic patients.

Methods

As part of the CONNECARE Horizon 2020 project, a prospective, pragmatic, two-arm, parallel implementation trial was held in a rural region of Catalonia, Spain. During 3 months, elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure and their carers experienced the combined benefits of the CONNECARE organizational integrated care model and the eHealth platform supporting it, consisting of a patient self-management app, a set of integrated sensors, and a web-based platform connecting professionals from different settings, or usual care. We assessed changes in health status with the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12), unplanned visits and admissions during a 6-month follow up, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results

A total of 48 patients were included in the integrated care arm and 28 patients receiving usual care were included in the control arm (mean age 82 years, SD 7 years; mean Charlson index 7, SD 2). Integrated care patients showed a significant increase in the SF-12 physical domain with a mean change of +3.7 (SD 8.4) (P=.004) and total SF-12 score with a mean change of +5.8 (SD 12.8) (P=.003); however, the differences in differences between groups were not statistically significant. Integrated care patients had 57% less unplanned visits (P=.004) and 50% less hospital admissions related to their main chronic diseases (P=.32). The integrated care program generated savings in different cost scenarios and the ICER demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of the program.

Conclusions

The implementation of a patient-centered mHealth-enabled integrated care model empowering the patient, and connecting primary, hospital, and social care professionals reduced unplanned contacts with the health system and health costs, and was cost-effective. These findings support the notion of system-wide cross-organizational care pathways supported by mHealth as a successful way to implement integrated care.
Designing a Personalized Health Dashboard: Interdisciplinary and Participatory Approach
Authors: Weijers Miriam , Bastiaenen Caroline , Feron Frans , Schröder Kay
Published: January 2021

Background

Within the Dutch Child Health Care (CHC), an online tool (360° CHILD-profile) is designed to enhance prevention and transformation toward personalized health care. From a personalized preventive perspective, it is of fundamental importance to timely identify children with emerging health problems interrelated to multiple health determinants. While digitalization of children’s health data is now realized, the accessibility of data remains a major challenge for CHC professionals, let alone for parents/youth. Therefore, the idea was initiated from CHC practice to develop a novel approach to make relevant information accessible at a glance.

Objective

This paper describes the stepwise development of a dashboard, as an example of using a design model to achieve visualization of a comprehensive overview of theoretically structured health data.

Methods

Developmental process is based on the nested design model with involvement of relevant stakeholders in a real-life context. This model considers immediate upstream validation within 4 cascading design levels: Domain Problem and Data Characterization, Operation and Data Type Abstraction, Visual Encoding and Interaction Design, and Algorithm Design. This model also includes impact-oriented downstream validation, which can be initiated after delivering the prototype.

Results

A comprehensible 360° CHILD-profile is developed: an online accessible visualization of CHC data based on the theoretical concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This dashboard provides caregivers and parents/youth with a holistic view on children’s health and “entry points” for preventive, individualized health plans.

Conclusions

Describing this developmental process offers guidance on how to utilize the nested design model within a health care context.
Beliefs, attitudes and acceptance towards an eHealth tool to support oral hormonal therapy in breast cancer: A qualitative study. (Preprint)
Authors: Goetzinger Catherine , Ben-Diane Marc-Karim , Rauh Stefan , Duhem Caroline , Jodocy Daniel , Préau Marie , Vrijens Bernard , Mancini Julien , Untereiner Michel , Fagherazzi Guy , Huiart Laetitia
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) frequently experience social, psychological challenges during the period of survivorship. These range from social, psychological and medical challenges during survivorship. Medication management like adherence and sideeffects are among the most frequent challenges reported. EHealth tools have been claimed to have the potential to support cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the present study was to assess BCS’ and Health Care Practitioners' (HCP) beliefs, attitudes, needs and expectations during breast cancer (BC) survivorship with a specific focus on the use and acceptability of eHealth intervention to support oral hormonal therapy (OHT) adherence.

METHODS

A total of 14 BC survivors, three BC nurses, four oncologists and three pharmacists were interviewed. Qualitative, semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted in French, German or Luxembourgish. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and anonymized. A thematic analysis was then performed.

RESULTS

BC survivors were recruited from three main cancer sites in Luxembourg, they had all been prescribed OHT and their age ranged between 42 and 68 years. The interviews revealed 6 themes (patient to survivor shift, personalized follow-up, adherence and side effect management, survivorship companion, barriers of usability, facilitators of usability) and 18 sub themes. HCP interview’s findings suggested 5 themes (shift of responsibility, personalized consultations, barriers of usability, facilitators of usability and real-time remote monitor) and 12 sub themes. All participants accepted the concept of an eHealth tool to support OHT management. Results highlighted a need for personalized real-time communication between HCP and BCS. BCS believe that an eHealth tool has the potential to provide information, motivation, reassurance and support. HCPs need a system that allows them to personalize their consultations. HCPs’ main concern with an eHealth tool is the potential additional workload such a tool could bring along.

CONCLUSIONS

The eHealth intervention to support BCS during their OHT is accepted by both BCS and HCPs. Such an eHealth tool could play an essential role in the shift from patient to survivors and thus support BCS during this key period of medication initiation and implementation.
Insomnia-related Baidu Index During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chu Yuying , Wang Xue , Dai Hongliang
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Since December 2019, an unexplained pneumonia has broken out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In order to prevent the rapid spread of this disease, quarantine or lockdown measures were taken by Chinese government. These measures turned out to be effective in containing the contagious disease. Quarantine itself, however, would potentially cause certain health risks among the affected population, such as sleep disorder.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this work were to analyze the volume of insomnia-related search during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, to explore the potential use of the Baidu Index for monitoring social and psychological distress, and to help community health workers provide timely and effective interventions for the public.

METHODS

In the context of the pandemic, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the overall search situation. Spearman's correlation and cross-correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between daily search index values for insomnia-related terms and daily newly confirmed cases. The means of search volume for insomnia-related terms during the COVID-19 quarantine or knockdown period (January 23rd, 2020 to April 8th, 2020) were compared with those during 2016 to 2019 using a Student's t test. Finally, by analyzing the overall daily mean of insomnia in various provinces, we further evaluated whether there existed regional differences in searching for insomnia during COVID-19 isolation.

RESULTS

During COVID-19 lockdown, the number of insomnia-related searches increased significantly, especially the average daily the Baidu Index for “the best treatment for insomnia” reaching 5,923.86. Seventeen out of the 24 insomnia related search terms were associated with daily newly confirmed cases, of which “a simple cure for insomnia” had the closest correlation (r=0.676; P<.001). The cross-correlation analysis also verified the forward or backward time correlation between daily newly confirmed cases and the search terms. Compared with the same period in the past four years, a significant change in insomnia-related search volume was found during COVID-19 quarantine period. We also found that all provinces suffered from insomnia during the quarantine period, with Guangdong province representing the leading areas for insomnia-related search.

CONCLUSIONS

Quarantine measures have led to an increase in insomnia-related searches during the COVID-19 pandemic. Community medical staff should use big data-based tools to screen for insomnia and mental health problems. Early interventions toward insomnia and associated mental health are also essential for prevention and reduction of the long-term impact of the major traumatic events.
Levels of Behavior: Do we Really Test Higher Skills at Higher Levels?
Authors: Sharma, PhD Netra Prasad , Poudel Kamal Kumar
Published: January 2021

Although opinions often vary regarding what makes higher education inherently different from lower levels of education, it is generally agreed upon the fact that, among other parameters, the former is virtually characterized by higher levels of cognitive behavior on the part of students. Employing the theoretical framework of Bloom and associates (1956) and the subsequent revisions of the framework, this paper examines four question papers meant for testing the achievements of students in two courses of study taught at the Graduate level in English education. Upon a careful examination of the question from the perspective of Bloom et al.’s taxonomies, the data reveal that the focus of assessment either lacks clarity or basically lies on measuring the lower-order skills, a fact that goes counter to the very general assumption of higher education. Drawing from the findings, it is recommended that the concerned authority should review the extant assessment practices in line with the advocacy of the nature of higher education.
DETERMINATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF PHENYTOIN IN THAI CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY
Authors: A. CHANRUANG , M. RAKNGAM , S. TEEKACHUNHATEAN , K. DAENGSUEPTRAKUN , B. PUNYAWUDHO
Published: January 2021

Objective: Phenytoin displays nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to the saturation of its’ metabolizing enzymes, thus making dosing adjustments a challenge in clinical practice. However, data on the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin in pediatric patients with epilepsy in Thailand remain lacking. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin, and the factors influencing them in epileptic Thai children using therapeutic drug monitoring data.

Methods: Steady state phenytoin plasma concentrations were collected from 96 Thai children with epilepsy aged ≤ 15 y. For individuals having a single steady-state concentration (Css) on one dosage, the Vmax was determined by fixing Km = 4.5 mg/l. For patients with two values for Css with different dosages, the Ludden method was used to determine Vmax and Km. Influences on Vmax and Km by demographic factors including age, sex, weight, serum albumin, and the use of CYP2C9 inducers (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, folic acid, and vigabatrin) and inhibitors (valproic acid and topiramate) were determined by linear mixed-effects regression.

Results: The majority of patients had sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations of phenytoin. The Vmax and Km were estimated to be 9.84 mg/kg/d and 2.32 mg/l, respectively. Age and weight significantly influenced Vmax, whereas Km had no significant influencing factors.

Conclusion: The Vmax estimated in this study is different from other populations previously reported. Our results suggest that increased phenytoin dosages may be required to achieve optimal concentrations due to the sub-therapeutic concentrations reported here. The results from this study are beneficial for phenytoin dosage individualization in Thai children.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF QUERCETIN-LOADED MICROEMULSION
Authors: CHUO WEN HO , LO YUNG KUANG , HUANG YUH TYNG , WU CHIEH SHAN
Published: January 2021

Objective: This research aims to develop a quercetin microemulsion system to improve the solubility of quercetin and to study the stability of the microemulsions.

Methods: The microemulsion is prepared by water titration method using isopropyl myristate (oil), Tween 60®/Span 80® (3:2) (surfactant) and ethanol (co-surfactant). Two different aqueous phases, water or NaCl solution, were used to prepare microemulsions and the influence of each parameter was described. DPPH scavenging and anti-tyrosinase activity were performed along with chemical stability to evaluate the functional stability of microemulsions.

Results: The influence of percentage of oil phase (variable A) on the solubility of quercetin was less significant than that of percentage of surfactant/co-surfactant (variable B). Compared to those prepared with water (variable C), the solubility of quercetin in microemulsions prepared with NaCl solution significantly increased. The ratio of the high level to low level for solubility of three variables was 1.135, 1.315 and 1.591 respectively. Increasing variable A and B led to an increase in the particle size of microemulsions from 120.08 nm to 188.38 nm and 48.18 nm to 260.28 nm, respectively. The influence of variable B was quite significant, while variable C has no significant effect on particle size. Quercetin microemulsions showed good chemical and functional stability when stored at 4 °C. Under other conditions, especially at 40 °C, the activity of the microemulsion is considerably reduced.

Conclusion: The influence of different variables on the characteristics of microemulsions was complicated. Care must be taken in the composition and storage conditions of these formulations.
Formación a líderes acompañantes
Authors: Aleen Erazo Leydy , Zamora Arévalo Óscar
Published: January 2021

El video resume la experiencia de una capacitación virtual sobre la permanencia y el rezago escolar, dirigida a estudiantes de semestres superiores de la de Licenciatura de la Facultad de Psicología, unam. Los participantes hablan sobre las actividades, experiencias y testimonios, así como de su satisfacción con los contenidos abordados durante las tres semanas de entrenamiento.

La literatura especializada en el tema muestra que los estudiantes pares son una red de apoyo efectivo cuando reciben capacitación y estructura institucional. Este grupo de personas hace parte de las estrategias institucionales para mitigar el rezago escolar, en el contexto del covid-19.

Esta actividad fue financiada por un proyecto papime–unam autorizado en 2017 que finaliza en 2021.
[BOOK REVIEW] The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
Authors: Oktivana Davina
Published: January 2021

Yoshifumi Tanaka is a Professor of International Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. He has published widely in the fields of the law of the sea and international environmental law. I had a profound admiration for Tanaka’s writings, particularly in law of the sea subjects. He has a compelling method in deliberating issues comprehensively but still convenient to digest, especially for academicians, practitioners, and law students (postgraduate). Settlement of International Dispute is considered as a foundation of the establishment and the development of International Law. Accordingly, there are plenty of books and writings had published addressing similar topic, however, Tanaka’s book is distinctive. Tanaka successfully gives the reader an exhaustive and extensive analysis of the procedures for dispute settlement both in traditional means and newly development. In addition, He complemented figures and tables to give the reader a comprehensive understanding.
Regionalism as a Solution to Refugee Protection in ASEAN
Authors: Alva Jenica , Handayani Irawati
Published: January 2021

The problem of refugees has become a global phenomenon that brings widespread impacts to all involving parties. The humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya ethnic group increased the number of refugees in ASEAN who needs international protection. However, legal and political framework governing refugee protection in ASEAN is still very insignificant. This research is to answer whether regionalism is successful in resolving the problem of refugees in international level and whether a regionalism approach can be applied in ASEAN level to deal with refugees. This study used normative juridical research methods with literature study techniques. Based on the results, the study revealed that regionalism has successfully solved the problem of refugees. However, the development of regionalism needs to be improved to deal with mass-influx problems. Regionalism has succeeded in encouraging world regions such as Europe, Africa, and Latin America to form various binding regional mechanisms (CEAS, OAU Convention, and Cartagena Declaration). Compared to the universal approach, regionalism is a better option because of its flexible nature. It also provides choices to member states in handling refugee protection activities. Based on the comparison of regionalism practices from the three regions, the regionalism approach in ASEAN has a great potential to solve refugee problems more effectively.
Collective Trademark as Alternative of Joint Brand Protection for Dupa Harum Kekeran in Bali
Authors: Gorda A.A.A , Anggreni Resti
Published: January 2021

In Kekeran Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, people’s understanding on the importance of legal protection of Intellectual property rights over brands are not well-established. In the village, Dupa Harum Kekeran, a kind of fragrance incense, is the product of a group of women. They use the Kekeran logo; and the logo has not been registered to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights. Brand is a sign that enables customers to identify and differentiate products of companies. As a differentiator, it can also be a marker of an item’s reputation. The study employed an empirical legal research method by using primary and secondary data which were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The study concludes that collective trademark can be used as an alternative of legal protection. It can be used to reduce business competition in the Tabanan Regency. Legal protection is preventive and can be used together to reduce the level of business competition among the makers of Dupa Harum Kekeran. In particular, the business competition is managed by the home industry. Therefore, legal protection through a collective trademark can be more effective and efficient. The government has to cut the bureaucracy of brand registration and the trademark registration can now be done online. The role of the government in efforts to provide the collective trademark protection can be said to be very optimal.
The Role of the Elections Supervisory Agency to Contend Hoax and Hate Speech in the Course of 2019 Indonesian General Election
Authors: Siregar Fritz
Published: January 2021

The Elections Supervisory Agency, in Indonesia known as Bawaslu (Badan Pengawas Pemilu), is the supervisor for all elections in Indonesia. The Agency has many roles, authorities, and obligations. One of their authorities is to oversee the activities of campaigns in various platforms, including the social media. The Agency has an authority to ensure and to keep the election participants not to violate campaign rules. They are obliged to ensure no misuse of social media, considering that the social media has been platforms to spread hoaxes and hate speeches–activities that can disrupt and undermine the ongoing democratic process. This study aims to explain the achievements of Bawaslu in carrying out the process of monitoring social media, the obstacles, the findings, the enforcements, and the importance of the role of state institutions. Prior to the prosecution, such as taking down media content, account deletion, or criminal prosecution, it is necessary to pay attention to the existing legal rules. This study performed analysis employing qualitative method with juridical-empirical approach. The data consisted of the spread of hoaxes and hate speeches that are spread on social media during the course of the 2019 Election stages.
An Endless Struggle of Fighting Discrimination in the Name of Human Rights Protection
Authors: Affandi Hernadi , Murwadji Tarsisius
Published: January 2021

The Incident of George Floyd’s death reminds people of the peril of discrimination that still exists within the American society. The incident has triggered worldwide reactions from people who feel sympathy for the victim and reject racism. To eliminate racial discrimination, every modern society needs to remove any negative paradigm towards intergroup relation. In the context of the United States, the American Government has the responsibility to protect the rights of citizens from any forms of discrimination. That includes racial discrimination. In addition, people have to be reminiscent of the danger of racial discrimination in the modern era. The danger has the ability to disturb human rights protection. This study revealed history, criteria, and impacts of discrimination within the scope of human rights protection.
Особенности барокко на территории Верхнекамья
Authors: Шамарина Анна , Строганова Татьяна , Бушмакина Юлия
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена выявлению особенностей барокко в архитектуре на территории Верхнекамья. Авторы предлага­ют рассматривать регион как отдельный ареал с присущими особенностями. Пристальное внимание уделено Усольскому и Чердынскому районам Пермского края, поскольку (в отли­чие от аналогичных объектов в центральной России) история строительства и особенности декора барочных памятников архитектуры указанного ареала недостаточно изучены. Де­тальный анализ истории строительства храмовых построек городов Усолья, Чердыни, посёлка Ныробы позволил вы­явить типичные черты в их пространственной композиции и особенности декоративных элементов, которые позволяют считать архитектуру Верхнекамья отдельным ответвлением барокко. На формирование стилистики барокко в Прикамье оказали влияние местные зодческие традиции, мастерство пришлых артельных мастеров и культурные предпочтения заказчиков храмов. Удалённость от столицы позволила задержаться стилю и продолжить развитие, несмотря на официальный переход к классицизму, хотя стилистиче­ские особенности Москвы и Петербурга находят отклики и в провинциальной архитектуре. Региональные черты особенно ярко проявляются в постройках, возведённых местными артелями каменщиков. Строгановские постройки в Верхнекамье некорректно выделять в отдельный стиль, поскольку их объединяет лишь фамилия заказчиков, а не общность стилистических приёмов и декор фасадов. К общим региональным чертам рассмотренных в настоящей статье памятников архитектуры можем отнести следующие декоративные элементы: жучковый орнамент, кубические пояски, зубчатый карниз из лекального кирпича. Среди объёмно-пространственных решений наиболее характерным было соседство богато декорированных храмов с отдельно стоящими предельно аскетичными колокольнями.
International Regulations for Bioequivalence Approval of Locally Acting Orally Inhaled Drug Products
Authors: Gaikwad Dr. Vinod , Patil Prajakta , Pawar Atmaram , Mahadik Kakasaheb
Published: January 2021

Bioequivalence (BE) is established between the brand drug and the
generic drug to allow the linking of preclinical and clinical testing
conducted on the reference listed drug. Regulatory agencies around the
globe have come up with the guidance for locally acting orally inhaled
drug products (OIDPs) for bioequivalence approaches. The prime intent of
the present article is to compare approaches of different international
regulatory authorities such as Health Canada, European Medicines Agency
and the US Food and Drug Administration that have published guidance
related to locally acting OIDPs. Moreover, the Central Drugs Standard
Control Organisation, India, has published guidelines for
bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. BE recommendations from
global regulatory agencies were based on comparison for different
parameters, namely inhaler device, formulation, reference product’s
selection, in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies (pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, and clinical studies). In the case of in-vivo studies,
details about study design, dose choices, inclusion/ exclusion criteria
of the subject, study period, endpoint study, and equivalence acceptance
criteria were discussed in the present review article.
Clinical Research out of Insulin Glargine U300 basal bolus therapy and Insulin Degludec/Aspart Co-Formulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real World Experience
Authors: Kisioglu savas volkan , Demir Ahmet Suat , tufekci damla , Gunay Yasemin Emur , Coskun Hulya , Ucuncu Ozge , Nuhoglu Irfan , Kocak Mustafa , Karakullukcu Serdar , ERSOZ Halil Onder
Published: January 2021

Aims/Introduction: Insulin Degludec/Aspart (IDegAsp) and Insulin
Glargine U300 (IGlarU300) have recently emerged as popular
new-generation insulin analogs. The aim of this real-life study was to
investigate the patient profiles in which IGlarU300 and IDegAsp were
preferred and the insulin combinations after which each of them were
mostly used, and also to analyze the effect of these two insulin analogs
on blood glucose regulation and hypoglycemia. Materials and Methods: The
retrospective study included 174 patients that were switched from basal
insulin, basal+bolus insulin, or premixed insulin to IGlarU300 or
IDegAsp due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels or history of
hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting
blood glucose (FBG), and HbA1c levels over three-month periods were
evaluated for each patient. Results: There were 84 and 90 patients in
the IGlarU300 and IDegAsp groups, respectively. Body weight was similar
in both groups. Baseline FBG and HbA1c levels in the IGlarU300 and
IDegAsp groups were 9.0%, 175.5 mg/dl and 9.4%, 193.5 mg/dl,
respectively. A significant decrease was found in FBG and HbA1c levels
in both groups (138.5, 7.8 vs. 141.5, 8.2; p<0.001 for all).
Moreover, a significant weight gain was observed in both groups
(p<0.05 for both). The prevalence of hypoglycemia in both
groups decreased significantly and consistently between month 1 and 9
(p<0.001). At month 12, although this decrease continued in
the IGlarU300 group (p=0.013), no significant decrease was observed in
the IDegAsp group(p=0.057). Conclusion: Both twice-daily IDegAsp±bolus
insulin and IGlarU300+bolus insulin therapies are effective and safe
treatment modalities.
Childhood Diarrhea and its management- a community based study estimating knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi Mothers, Saudi Arabia
Authors: GHADEER SULTHAN , A syeed , Alhossan Abdulaziz , babelghaith salmeen , Rabiah ziyadh Al , Al-Arifi Mohammed N.
Published: January 2021

Aim To demonstrate the best home care of children with diarrhea in our
community by investigating certain knowledge deficiencies, specific
inappropriate attitudes, and particular improper practice toward
children diarrhea and its management, this study was conducted to
evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi mothers towards
diarrhea in their children and its management at home. Methods Online
cross-sectional validated online survey targeting Saudi mothers who are
living in Saudi Arabia was used to collect data from the beginning of
March to the end of April 2019. Results A total of 1140 mothers (52.1%
of them are housewives) participated in the study. About of 40.3 % of
participating mothers believed that childhood diarrhea is major problem
in Saudi community; however, Almost 23% of the participants were unable
to identify any critical sign of sever diarrhea, and around 66% falsely
stated that diarrhea is caused by teething. Although of 62 % of our
participating mothers knew about the oral rehydration therapy (ORS),
only 23.5 % of them used it for their children. Conclusion Adequate
knowledge of mothers about the critical sings, causes, transmission,
prevention, and management of childhood diarrhea should be applied in
simple language to communicate the health-related information in clear
manner.
Cytokine induced modulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in primary human nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Bolt Harrison , Hon Karen , Bouras George , Psaltis Alkis , Wormald Peter John , Vreugde Sarah
Published: January 2021

Viral entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV2) via the spike protein enables endocytosis into host cells
using the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2. The frequent upper respiratory
tract symptoms of COVID-19 and the localization of the virus to the
nasopharynx, the most common site of swabbing, indicate that the
sinonasal mucosa may play an important role in SARS-CoV2 infection and
viral replication. This paper investigates the presence of ACE2 Receptor
and TMPRESS2 expression in the primary human nasal epithelial cells
(HNECs) from Control, CRSsNP, and CRSwNP and maps the expression changes
when exposed to Th1, Th2, Th17 associated cytokines. We found that ACE2
and TMPRSS2 expression is higher in control HNECs than CRSwNP HNECs, and
that both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are downregulated further by Th2 cytokines in
CRSwNP HNECs. This indicates an immune dysregulated state of CRSwNP
mucosa, which normally contributes to a chronic inflammatory state,
might support an altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection and
transmission.
Optimal decisions on software release and post-release testing: A unified approach
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Panwar Saurabh , Kapur P.K. , Singh Ompal
Published: January 2021

In this research, a novel approach is developed where a testing team delivers the software product first and extends the testing process for additional time in the user environment. During the operational phase, users also participate in the fault detection process and notify the defects to the software. In this study, a reliability growth model is proposed using a unified approach based on the expenditure of efforts during the testing process. Besides, debugging process is considered imperfect as new faults may enter the software during each fault removal. The developed model further considers that the developer?s rate of defect identification changes with a software release. Thus, the software time-to-market acts as a change-point for the failure observation phenomenon. It is asserted that the accuracy of a software reliability estimation improves by implementing the concept of change-point. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the optimal release time and testing termination time based on two attributes, particularly, reliability, and cost. A multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is applied to find a trade-off between the two conflicting attributes. Finally, a numerical example is presented by using the historical fault count data. The behavior of two decision variables is measured and compared with the existing release time strategy.