bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DESA SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA BIRINGALA, KEC. BAROMBONG, KAB. GOWA
Authors: Rosita  , Muchriana Muchram
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan laporan keuangan sebelum covid dan saat pandemi covid-19 di desa Biringala Kec. Barombong Kab. Gowa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis Kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan desa di desa biringala kec. Barombong kab. Gowa sudah sesuai dengan Permendagri nomor 113 tahun 2014 Perbedaannya hanya terletak pada waktu penyampaian Raperdes tentang APBDesa kepada camat. . Pada tahap penatausahaan, laporan pertanggungjawaban yang dibuat oleh bendahara desa sudah menerapkan sistem online atau menginput penerimaan maupun pengeluaran melalui aplikasi Siskeudes.Pada laporan keuangan desa tahun 2019 dan 2020 terjadi perbedaan dimana pada tahun 2019 penggunaan dana dan pendapatan desa sebesar Rp. 2.022.564.555,00 sedangkan pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp. 1.632.691.364,00.ebesar Rp. 2.022.564.555,00 sedangkan pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp. 1.632.691.364,00.
LITERATUR REVIEW : KESADARAN METAKOGNISI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED INQUIRY DI INDONESIA
Authors: Frima Asda Eka
Published: February 2024

Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren jumlah penelitian tentang kemampuan metakognisi melalui model pembelajaran guided inquiry dan kecendrungan desain penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki kemampuan metakognisi 10 tahun terakhir. Bagaiamana pemilihan subject penelitian kemampuan kemampuan metakognisi. Metode penelitian menggunakan prinsip analisis isi, yang menitik beratkan pada temuan-temuan dari berbagai penelitian yang telah dipublikasikan di jurnal-jurnal ilmiah terindeks Scopus dan Sinta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literatur review. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah penurunan jumlah publikasi dengan kemampuan metakognisi melalui model pembelajaran guided inquiry sebagai perhatian utama dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Penurunan dapat disebabkan salah satunya oleh perubahan sistem pembalajaran Luar jaringan menjadi dalam jaringan (Daring). Pendekatan kuantitatif paling banyak ditemukan. Subjek yang sering dipilih adalah siswa SMA.
KAJIAN FILSAFAT PARADIGMA KUHN DALAM KURIKULUM INDONESIA
Authors: Frima Asda Eka
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pergantian kurikulum Indonesia dipandang dari ilmu filsafat. Tujuan penulis ingin mendeskripsikan kurikulum Indonesia melalui pandangan Ilmu filsafat yang dianut oleh Thomas Kuhn. Analisa ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pergantian kurikulum di Indonesia melalui pandangan paradigma Kuhn. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kepustakaan (Library research). Hasil yang dapat disimpulkan adalah, pendidikan Indonesia selama ini secara tidak sadar mengarah pada paradigma Falsifikasi Karl Poper dalam menerapkan kurikulum, sehingga akan lebih baik menerapkan teori filsafat Paradigm yang dikemukakan oleh Kuhn. Penerapan paradigma Kuhn  dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan Sumber Daya Manusia pada tahap revolusinya. Hasil dari paradigm akan menciptakan masyarakat yang berpandangan bahwa pendidikan sudah menjadi sebuah kebudayaan Indonesia dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, bukan lagi berpandangan pendidikan itu mahal dan juga bukan sekedar perbaikan kehidupan dibidang ekonomi.
Design and Construction of a Multi-User Prepaid Meter
Authors: Akasoro Olumide I. , Ige-Adeyeye A. A. , Coker J. O. , Ogunji A. B. , Atilade A. O. , Salaam M. A.
Published: February 2024

The Nigerian government has used prepaid metering for nearly two decades to eliminate post-paid and estimated billing system. There is no doubt that this billing system has benefited house owners who do not have renters as well as a few persons who have the advantage of knowing the exact number of prepaid meters for their apartments. Those living in rental apartments, on the other hand, experience the identical problem with postpaid when a single prepaid meter is divided among inhabitants. Sharing a single prepayment frequently violates the aim of prepaid metering because individual use cannot be reliably tracked. To address the issue of sharing, a unique type of prepaid meter that can handle multiple users on a single prepaid is required. As a result, this study proposes a multi-user prepaid meter that completely prevent conflicts that arise from the sharing of prepaid meters. A prototype for four users was planned and built around Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for individual user identification; a quasi-current sensor to measure energy usage and an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega 328p to manage the activities of the system. From the process of recharging to the display unit and other aspects that permit remote transaction of the device, the designed multi-user prepaid energy monitoring system functions well. To address the demand for unmetered houses across the country, the prepaid meter could be mass produced. Considering the different obstacles people have as a result of the low distribution of prepaid meters, this multi-user prepaid meter will undoubtedly be a promising technology to suit Nigerians' demands while also eliminating potential problems with prepaid meter sharing.
Ecological Studies of Heavy Metals in E-Waste Dumpsites from Two Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Talabi Adetoro T. , Odunaike Rasaki K. , Alausa Shamsideen K. , Ajiboye Oladapo , Adeleke Adeniyi T. , Ajetunmobi Abayomi E. , David Timothy W. , Adeniji Quasim A. , Omotayo Racheal P.
Published: February 2024

The study analyzed soil samples from e-waste dumps in two local government areas of Ogun State, Nigeria, to determine the concentrations of nine heavy metals. Samples were analyzed using spectrophotometric techniques. The results were used to assess ecological health risks and conduct correlation analysis. The study found that the dumpsites had high residue concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Fe, exceeding WHO acceptable limits, also concentration of Zn and Fe at the control sites exceeds WHO limits. At the dumpsite in Ijebu-Ode, Cd had an extremely high enrichment factor of 126.67 and an Igeo of 6.400, while the dumpsites at Ijebu North, Pb had the highest enrichment factor values of 14.063 and an Igeo of 3.229 respectively which suggested severe enrichment. Therefore, the dumpsites have a high pollutant of lead. The risk index for both Ijebu North and Ijebu-Ode LGA dumpsites were 396.983 and 3916.273 respectively and thereby indicating significant risk of toxic pollution and soil contamination respectively. The high-risk index value at the Ijebu-Ode dumpsites was caused by the excessive Cd contamination in Ita-Osu. Common anthropogenic sources of the contaminants were indicated by the correlation analysis.
Perspectives of teachers on the integration of didactic resources within the teaching of English as a foreign language
Authors: Chumaña Vinueza Montserrat Elizabeth , Casa Tipan Paulina Lizbeth
Published: February 2024

The study addresses the influence of teaching resources on the interest of students in learning the English language in Educational Units of Pujilí, proposing a review of traditional methods and the incorporation of digital resources, the objective was to analyze the perspective of teachers of secondary towards didactic resources in the teaching of English, breaking down into the theoretical foundation, evaluation and assessment of said resources. A mixed research design was used, applying surveys to secondary school teachers in Pujilí. The target population was selected by convenience. A validated instrument with established grading criteria was used, obtaining the following results: teachers showed a generalized preference for modern teaching resources, although a minority evaluated both traditional and modern resources in a more moderate way. The age and gender distribution of teachers was also analyzed, showing diversity in perspectives and the conclusion was reached that the positive assessment of modern teaching resources reflects an adaptation to current pedagogical trends. However, the importance of continuing to explore and debate the complementarity of traditional and modern approaches is highlighted.
Investigating the efficiency of minimum quantity lubrication and emulsion cooling strategies in end-milling of Inconel 718 using wavy-edge bull-nose helical endmill
Authors: Sultan Abdulhakim Ali , Okafor Anthony C.
Published: February 2024

This paper investigated the efficiency of applying minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and emulsion (EM) cooling strategies in end-milling of Inconel 718 using a wavy-edge, bull-nose, helical end-mill (WEBNHE). A mechanistic cutting force model was developed to predict cutting force components and the resultant cutting force of this end-milling process under the cooling strategies. Experiments were conducted to calculated cutting force and edge force coefficients, which incorporated the cooling strategies in the mechanistic model, and to validate the mechanistic model. Cutting force components of both cooling strategies were predicted and compared to each other, and then compared to experimental counterparts. Results showed that predicted cutting force components and the resultant cutting force of both strategies were in good agreement in shape and magnitude with their measured counterparts. Results also showed that end-milling under MQL generated lower cutting force comparing to EM. Moreover, the investigation showed that applying MQL has also improved the productivity and machinability of Inconel 718. Consequently, MQL, meets the demand for cleaner machining of this metal, and serves as an effective and efficient alternative to EM.
A Conceptual Take on Transnational Families: Atypical Families from a Distance
Authors: KAVAKLI BİRDAL Banu
Published: February 2024

Transnational families are among the by-products of global capitalism, the feminization of migration and the globalization of care work. Transnational families owe their existence to the rise of communication and transportation technologies, economic transformations, and cultural features in their countries of origin and destination. A transnational family is different from an ordinary immigrant family. The defining factor is not the act of cross-border movement of the family, but the dispersion of the family, nuclear or extended, across international borders, where different family members spend time in one or another country depending on various factors. The emergence of transnational family experience relates to economic, political, social, and cultural factors, and has far-reaching causes and consequences. This study offers a new conceptual approach to the discussion of transnational families departing from Judith Stacey’s (1996) “postmodern family condition”. As a family arrangement made possible in the postmodern family condition, transnational families better describe situations in which families are not visible yet not absent, not necessarily broken but separated. Transnational families require a whole new understanding and definition of familial relationships, which should focus on the fluid nature of those in the absence of a concrete family setting. The role of immigrant women in such a family structure stands as a challenge to the stereotypical “modern family” as defined by Stacey; hence, enabling the conceptualization of transnational families as part of the postmodern condition. The impact transnational family experience has on various actors involved is examined by asking some fundamental questions such as: How are the decisions concerning who migrate under what conditions taken? How does the transnational family experience affect gender relations? What are the global and local conditions that make this experience possible? This study employs a three-layered approach to analyze the issue. First, the structural backdrop to transnational families is analysed; namely, the expansion of global capitalism that feeds female labour migration and the demand for the service sector, especially domestic care services. Second, the changes in the concept of family due to societal structural transformations and the emergence of new family forms are discussed. Third, the consequences of the first two aspects of the experience of transnational family life and its impact on parties involved at various levels are analysed: providers of care work and their families (parents, children, and extended family members), receivers of care work (employers and their families), and mediators of global care work (agencies and states).
Stimulation-induced cytokine polyfunctionality as a dynamic concept
Authors: Portmann Kevin , Linder Aline , Eyer Klaus
Published: February 2024

Cytokine polyfunctionality is a well-established concept in immune cells, especially T cells, and their ability to concurrently produce multiple cytokines has been associated with better immunological disease control and subsequent effectiveness during infection and disease. To date, only little is known about the secretion dynamics of those cells, masked by the widespread deployment of mainly time-integrated endpoint measurement techniques that do not easily differentiate between concurrent and sequential secretion. Here, we employed a single-cell microfluidic platform capable of resolving secretion dynamics of individual PBMCs. To study the dynamics of poly-cytokine secretion, as well as the dynamics of concurrent and sequential polyfunctionality, we analyzed the response at different time points after
ex vivo
activation. Firstly, we observed simultaneous secretion of cytokines over the measurement time for most stimulants in a subpopulation of cells only. Secondly, polyfunctionality generally decreased with prolonged stimulation times and revealed no correlation with the concentration of secreted cytokines in response to stimulation. However, we observed a general trend towards higher cytokine secretion in polyfunctional cells, with their secretion dynamics being distinctly different from mono-cytokine secreting cells. This study provided insights into the distinct secretion behavior of heterogenous cell populations after stimulation with well-described agents and such a system could provide better understanding for various immune dynamics in therapy and disease.
Relação entre a sustentabilidade empresarial e a remuneração de diretores em companhias listadas na B3
Authors: Veras Deysy Rayany Martins da Silva , Do Nascimento Ítalo Carlos Soares , De Melo Geison Calyo Varela , Moreira Caritsa Scartaty
Published: February 2024

Respaldado pela Teoria dos Stakeholders, o presente estudo investiga a relação entre a sustentabilidade empresarial e a remuneração de diretores em companhias abertas listadas na Bolsa de Valores Brasileira.  De natureza quantitativa, a pesquisa utilizou-se da estatística descritiva, teste de médias e regressão logística. A proxy da sustentabilidade empresarial é mensurada a partir da participação em índices ou rankings de sustentabilidade. Como métrica da remuneração dos diretores, utilizou-se a remuneração total dos executivos. O teste de diferenças entre médias revelou que há diferenças significativas entre as empresas sustentáveis e as não sustentáveis no que tange à variável remuneração executiva, o que foi ratificado mediante aplicação da regressão logística. Destaque-se que a remuneração executiva e o tamanho são as variáveis com mais probabilidade de exercer essa correlação. Destarte, pela ótica da Teoria dos Stakeholders, esta pesquisa, especialmente para o caso das empresas brasileiras, sinaliza que as empresas sustentáveis tendem a apresentar maior remuneração aos seus diretores, buscando o alinhamento de interesses e contribuindo para o bem-estar de todos os envolvidos com a firma.
Quando o espaço se torna público: Park Fiction e a desprogramação no projeto em urbanismo
Authors: Konrath Germana , Reyes Paulo Edison Belo
Published: February 2024

O presente texto dá relevo ao processo de projeto em urbanismo, no seu aspecto de pensamento por programa, tomando como objeto de reflexão a experiência estética de Park Fiction, em Hamburgo, Alemanha. Identificamos uma postura recorrente em nosso campo, onde a visão de projeto corresponde à resolução de problemas, expressa na figura da “programação ou funcionalidade”. Parece necessário reconhecer o caráter estático dado por programas e identidades fixas e definidas que são atribuídas aos espaços urbanos e que tem como referência um dos princípios da tríade vitruviana: utilitas. Essa rigidez dada a priori pelo projetista engessa sobremaneira e conduz a uma resposta definitiva, dificultando qualquer transformação por parte da população a quem o projeto se destina. A experiência apresentada desconstrói esse caráter e nos conduz a outros possíveis modos de fazer cidade.
Mortality Risk Assessment by SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II among Very Low Birth Weight Newborns- An Observational Study
Authors: Ganguly Somenath , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Das Sankar , Das Goutam , Rai Akash
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) babies are those with a birth weight of less than 1500 gm and require special care, attention, and resources. However, despite all efforts, their mortality rate remains high. Proper assessment of these neonates is crucial to identify high-risk cases and take early steps to reduce mortality. In addition to technical advances in neonatal care, severity scores have been developed to predict neonatal mortality. Richardson developed the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP-II) and SNAP with Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE-II) as scoring systems for predicting mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Aim: To assess the usefulness of SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II as predictors of mortality in VLBW neonates. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study involving 145 VLBW neonates admitted to the NICU of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital (NBMCH) from May 2019 to April 2020. Relevant data were collected to assess the mortality risk scores SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II. The outcome of discharge or death was recorded. Data entry was performed using MS excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The relationship between newborn survival and SNAP-II or SNAPPE-II final scores was determined using the Mann- Whitney U test, and the relationship between survival and various SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II score categories was determined using Fisher’s-Exact Test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. An ROC curve was generated to determine the best cutoff score for predicting mortality. Results: The mean scores of SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II were higher in babies who expired compared to those who survived. The mean (±SD) SNAP-II scores were 8.96 (±13.865) for survived newborns and 41.08 (±23.174) for expired newborns. The mean (±SD) SNAPPE-II scores were 20.01 (±14.54) for survived newborns and 48.85 (±25.02) for expired newborns. The optimal cutoff values for SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II in predicting mortality were 31.5 and 36, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of SNAP-II were 83.0% and 89.1%, while for SNAPPE-II they were 69.8% and 89.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The mean SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II scores were higher among expired VLBW neonates compared to those who survived. A SNAP-II score of 31.5 and SNAPPE-II score of 36 were associated with higher mortality, indicating that both scores are effective predictors of mortality regardless of Gestational Ages (GA) and birth weight.
Factors Influencing Maternal Stress during Infant’s NICU Stay in a Tertiary Care Center, South Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Placid Chris , Abraham Jacob
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Recent advances in neonatal medicine have helped sick babies survive. However, the birth of a baby needing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay may be a significant source of stress for mothers. Aim: To assess the maternal stress level perceived due to an infant’s NICU stay and the factors influencing this stress. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, between March 2021 and September 2021. The study included 74 mothers of infants requiring at least five days of NICU stay. The stress levels were recorded using the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU) questionnaire, which included 27 items under three stressor domains: Sights and Sounds (SS), Parental Role Alteration (PRA), and looks and behaviour of the baby. Data were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In the study group, 33 (45%) mothers experienced moderate stress, 18 (24%) experienced a high level, and the remaining 23 (31%) experienced only low-level stress. The overall maternal stress perceived in the study group was found to be at a moderate level with a mean of 3.36±0.67. Factors causing stress in mothers included prematurity, low birth weight, low 1st-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (Apgar) score, expressed breastfeeding, and previous experience with abortion. Conclusion: The present study found that mothers experienced moderate stress when their babies were admitted to the NICU. Significant stress was experienced by mothers when they were unable to perform their maternal duties.
Evaluation of Cerebral and Spinal Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Infants with Myelomeningocele: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Swaika Sweta
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism includes a diverse collection of congenital spinal abnormalities that occur due to flawed closure of the neural tube and can be classified as open or closed types. The most common form of open spinal dysraphism is Myelomeningocele (MMC), which is characterised by a bony spinal defect and a sac in the back region containing dysplastic neural tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. MMC is associated with various intracranial and spinal anomalies that can lead to neurological, intellectual, and cognitive impairments. Imaging is necessary for the diagnosis of these anomalies and for surgical management planning and follow-up. Aim: To evaluate the associated intracranial and spinal anomalies in infants with MMC who presented with low back swelling since birth. Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology at Gajara Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 117 subjects under one year of age, clinically diagnosed with MMC, were included in the study. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images were available for 84 patients, and spine MRI images were available for 113 patients. The MRI images were evaluated for bony and spinal anomalies. Data analysis was performed using IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 1.7±2.9 months, with 70 males and 47 females (M:F=1.5:1). The most common location of spina bifida was lumbosacral 36 (31.9%), followed by lumbar 31 (27.4%), dorsolumbar 30 (26.5%), and sacral 16 (14.2%). A low-level spinal defect was observed in 39 cases (34.5%), and a high-level spinal defect was observed in 74 cases (65.5%). The spinal anomalies detected on MRI included syringomyelia 80 (70.8%), low-lying cord 59 (52.2%), bony abnormalities 26 (23.01%), diastematomyelia 16 (14.2%), and fatty filum terminale 3 (2.7%). Among the intracranial anomalies, the most common was dilated lateral ventricles 62 (73.8%). The most common infratentorial anomaly was Chiari II malformation 58 (69.1%). Corpus Callosum (CC) abnormalities were found in 40 cases (47.6%), with complete agenesis seen in three cases (3.6%), cerebellar hypoplasia in 20 cases (23.8%), absent septum in 15 cases (17.9%), and colpocephaly in 10 cases (11.9%). Conclusion: Spinal dysraphism, such as MMC, and cerebral anomalies often co-exist and can have an impact on neurological, intellectual, and cognitive functions. Chiari II malformation, corpus callosal anomalies, ventriculomegaly, and syringomyelia are frequently associated with MMC. Therefore, imaging evaluation of both the spine and brain is necessary for surgical treatment planning and long-term follow-up in MMC.
A Cross-sectional Study on Awareness and Utilisation of Government Health Insurance Schemes among Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors: Mukherjee Poulomi , Das Adwitiya , Banerjee Aditya , Mitra Kaushik , Das Debasis
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Despite the presence of multiple Government Health Insurance (GHI) schemes in West Bengal, the National Family Health Survey report (NFHS-5) has indicated that only 29.3% of households are covered by a health scheme. Awareness of health insurance schemes increases their utilisation. The absence of health insurance coverage results in increased out-of-pocket health expenditures, pushing families into debt. Therefore, there is a need to determine whether this lack of awareness among patients contributes to the issue. Aim: To estimate the awareness level, enrollment in GHI schemes, experiences of their utilisation, and to determine the contributory factors of awareness and enrollment among patients attending the Outdoor Patient Departments (OPDs) at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to June 2023 at Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. A total of 390 respondents were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique and were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested, and semistructured questionnaire. Data were analysed using R Studio version 4.3.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Awareness about Swasthya Sathi was found to be present in 318 (81.54%) patients, but only 109 (34.28%) of them were enrolled. Awareness of Sishu Saathi and Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) was 12 (3.08%) and 10 (2.57%), respectively, and none were enrolled. The major source of information (11.03%) regarding health insurance among respondents was informal sources such as friends, relatives, and neighbours. The age of the respondents, type of family, occupation, and economic status were found to have a significant association with the right awareness (p=0.008, 0.012, 0.0005, and 0.029, respectively). The patient satisfaction level after utilising Swasthya Sathi was found to have a significant positive correlation with the right awareness (Spearman’s ρ=0.322, p-value <0.01). The determinants of enrollment in Swasthya Sathi were female gender, rural residence, and right awareness (p<0.001). The commonest reason for not enrolling in any GHI among the non subscribers was a lack of awareness (82.56%). Conclusion: Correct awareness was found to be a determinant of enrollment in GHI. In order to bridge the gap between awareness and utilisation of GHI, there is a need to focus on Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities involving mass media and frontline health workers.
Review on Improvement of Banana Quality and Yield
Authors: Janardhan Esaramani , Jatarma Neel , Yadav Simran , Mishra Saket , Ekka Shashi Kant , Kushwaha Akhilesh
Published: February 2024

The review paper, "Improvement of Banana Quality and Yield," delves into strategies and practices essential for enhancing banana crop productivity and quality. Beyond securing food sources, the focus extends to sustaining farmer livelihoods and meeting global market demands. The paper covers recommended cultivation practices, disease and pest management, and underscores the importance of continuous learning and adaptation for enduring success in banana farming. By implementing these measures, banana growers can significantly elevate the quality and yield of their crops. The paper emphasizes the broader impact of these improvements, contributing not only to the prosperity of farmers but also ensuring the availability of high-quality bananas for consumers globally. Ultimately, the comprehensive approach outlined in the paper seeks to foster a sustainable and thriving banana industry, addressing the needs of both producers and consumers.
An Overview of Iot Architecture Security Issues and Countermeasures
Authors: Khalaifat Walla
Published: February 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with our surroundings. As the number of IoT devices continues to increase, along with limited resources and diverse technologies, the risk of security attacks increases. Therefore, it is important to integrate security measures throughout the development process and system architecture. However, it is crucial to continually assess and update security measures to avoid emerging threats and ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of IoT systems. This study aims to explore security issues in the IoT, highlighting the associated challenges. It examines various threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities that arise within a three-layer architecture and discusses potential solutions to enhance security in each layer. By addressing these concerns, it is possible to establish a secure and reliable foundation for expanding IoT systems.
Assessment of Tooth Wear among Tobacco Chewers in South India
Authors: Sivarajan Madhumithaa , Rakshagan V. , Rajendran Deepika
Published: February 2024

Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking.
Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained.
Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.
A RING-THEORETIC BASIS FOR LOGIC PROGRAMMING
Authors: SUBRAHMANIAN V.S.
Published: November 2004

Investigations into the semantics of logic programming have largely restricted themselves to the case when the set of truth values being considered is a complete lattice. While a few theorems have been obtained which make do with weaker structures, to our knowledge there is no semantical characterization of logic programming which does not require that the set of truth values be partially ordered. We derive here semantical results on logic programming over a space of truth values that forms a commutative pseudo-ring (an algebraic structure a bit weaker than a ring) with identity. This permits us to study the semantics of multi-valued logic programming having a (possibly) non-partially ordered set of truth values.
TOWARDS HIERARCHICAL DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS: A PROOF SYSTEM FOR STRONG PREFIXING
Authors: GORRIERI ROBERTO , MONTANARI UGO
Published: November 2004

The problem of relating system descriptions at different levels of abstraction is addressed in the context of process description languages. As a case study, we introduce two nondeterministic languages. The latter is a simple extension of the former and is obtained by adding to its signature an operator of strong prefixing for making atomic the execution of a sequence of actions. The two languages are intended to be a specification and an implementation language, respectively. To directly relate them, we introduce a mapping, called atomic action refinement, from actions of the former to atomic sequences (i.e. sequences of actions built with strong prefixing) of the latter, which can be homomorphically extended to become a mapping among process terms of the two languages. A notion of implementation, based on a sort of bisimulation (parametric with respect to an atomic action refinement), relates processes of the two languages. Given a specification process P and an atomic action refinement ρ, the refined process ρ(P) is proved to be an implementation of P. Moreover, two complete proof systems for the two languages (and thus also for the operator of strong prefixing) are presented and proved consistent with respect to refinement: if P and Q are congruent processes of the specification language, then ρ(P) and ρ(Q) are congruent, too.
"TEACHERS AND CLASSES" WITH NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Gislén Lars , Peterson Carsten , Söderberg Bo
Published: November 2004

A convenient mapping and an efficient algorithm for solving scheduling problems within the neural network paradigm is presented. It is based on a reduced encoding scheme and a mean field annealing prescription which was recently successfully applied to TSP.

Most scheduling problems are characterized by a set of hard and soft constraints. The prime target of this work is the hard constraints. In this domain the algorithm persistently finds legal solutions for quite difficult problems. We also make some exploratory investigations by adding soft constraints with very encouraging results. Our numerical studies cover problem sizes up to O(105) degrees of freedom with no parameter tuning.

We stress the importance of adding self-coupling terms to the energy functions which are redundant from the encoding point of view but beneficial when it comes to ignoring local minima and to stabilizing the good solutions in the annealing process.
THE ORGANIZATION OF METASTABLE STATES IN A NEURAL NETWORK WITH HIERARCHICHAL PATTERNS
Authors: Bacci S. , Mato G. , Parga N.
Published: November 2004

We study the organization of the metastable states in a neural network where the memorized patterns are chosen according to a hierarchy. We find that the number of metastable states correlated with one of the stored patterns is dominated by states which exhibit the same hierarchy. It is argued that this property allows us to distinguish categories even when the stored patterns themselves are not retrieved well.
NERVE CELLS AS SOURCE OF TIME SCALE AND PROCESSING DENSITY IN BRAIN FUNCTION
Authors: Midtgaard Jens , Hounsgaard Jørn
Published: November 2004

So far, neural networks have been treated with emphasis on connectivity and synaptic strengths. It is obvious, however, that the response properties of the postsynaptic elements also play a crucial role for the overall performance of a network. Drawing mainly from our own experiments on nerve cells we illustrate how sophisticated response properties dedicate nerve cells to produce desired outputs, enhance processing density and provide time scale to network operations. We note that the response properties are specific for each cell type and open to modification by intrinsic activity and by certain classes of input. It is suggested that adopting new performance in some cases may be better served by changes in postsynaptic response properties rather than by changing synaptic strengths.
DESIGN OF COMPETITION-BASED NEURAL NETWORKS FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Fang Luyuan , Li Tao
Published: November 2004

A systematic approach to the design of neural networks for combinatorial optimization is presented in this paper. This approach adopts a methodology which is based on competition. The neural networks for optimization problem solving are connected using the competitive geometry. Our approach relies on the use of simple heuristics in network design. It is therefore easy to learn. The performance of such networks is also impressive. Two examples are also included in this paper to demonstrate our approach and to present results of performance study.
IMPROVING GENERALIZATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS THROUGH PRUNING
Authors: Thodberg Hans Henrik
Published: November 2004

A technique for constructing neural network architectures with better ability to generalize is presented under the name Ockham's Razor: several networks are trained and then pruned by removing connections one by one and retraining. The networks which achieve fewest connections generalize best. The method is tested on a classification of bit strings (the contiguity problem): the optimal architecture emerges, resulting in perfect generalization. The internal representation of the network changes substantially during the retraining, and this distinguishes the method from previous pruning studies.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PLASMA ETCHING FOR SILICON TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)
Authors: VOSHCHENKOV ALEXANDER M.
Published: November 2004

Over the past decade, as the rapid evolution of semiconductor technology has progressed towards submicron design rules, plasma (dry) etching has supplanted simple wet etching processes for the transfer of patterns. To understand the underlying need for development of plasma etching, a brief background of integrated semiconductor technology is presented. Along with a historical perspective of the evolution of plasma etching, the relationship of plasma etching to lithography needs, its basic characteristics and advantages over wet chemical processing are discussed. Following this, relevant concepts of plasma physics and chemistry, based on experience with plasma etching applications for silicon technology, which can be used as building blocks for technology development are described.
TOPOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STEIN MANIFOLDS OF DIMENSION >2
Authors: ELIASHBERG YAKOV
Published: November 2004

In this paper I give a completed topological characterization of Stein manifolds of complex dimension >2. Another paper (see [E14]) is devoted to new topogical obstructions for the existence of a Stein complex structure on real manifolds of dimension 4. Main results of the paper have been announced in [E13].
BOUND ON THE ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENT OF THE W-BOSON FROM THE POLARIZATION ASYMMETRY IN ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING
Authors: ALCORTA R. , GRIFOLS J.A. , PERIS S.
Published: November 2004

We use the results of the measurement of the polarization asymmetry in the electron-deuteron scattering experiment at SLAC to set a new bound on the anomalous magnetic moment of the charged weak boson.
ZERO POINT ENERGY IN PARASTRING THEORIES
Authors: MANSOURI FREYDOON , WU XIZENG
Published: November 2004

We point out that the regularization of the zero point fluctuations in parastring theories provides an alternative method of obtaining the critical dimensions for these theories.
ISOTROPY OF BACKGROUND RADIATION IN A MULTIPLY CONNECTED UNIVERSE
Authors: LIZHI FANG , HOUJUN MO
Published: November 2004

It has been shown that if the size of the universe with topologically compactified manifold is smaller than the present horizon, then the multiply connected topology with global anisotropy can not be ruled out by the observed isotropy of microwave background radiation.
GEOMETRIZATION OF PLANCK LENGTH IN COMPOSITE GRAVITY AND SUPERGRAVITY
Authors: LUKIERSKI J. , MOZRZYMAS M. , RYTEL L.
Published: November 2004

The Volkov-Akulov (VA) standard action can be treated as composite cosmological term, with composite vierbein described by massless Goldstone fermions. By considering massive Goldstone fermions one can relate classically VA and composite Einstein gravity actions, provided the mass of Goldstone fermions, Planck mass and the SSB scale are related. It is also shown that the action of N=1 and N=2 supergravity with composite gauge fields can be written respectively modulo topological terms as N=1 and N=2 composite supersymmetric cosmological terms.
SUPERSYMMETRIC SIGNALS AT THE TEVATRON
Authors: NATH PRAN , ARNOWITT R.
Published: November 2004

The possibility of detecting SUSY signals arising from Wino and Zino production at the Tevatron is examined. If the Tevatron is operated at peak luminosity of 1031cm−2 sec −1 with full lepton detection capabilities, we estimate for a UA1 type apparatus that the trilepton signal is sensitive to Winos with mass up to ≈70–80 GeV , the dilepton signal up to ≈50–60 GeV and the monojet signal up to ≈45–50 GeV .
CONVERGENCE OF DERIVATIVE AND INVERSE EFFECTIVE MASS EXPANSIONS FOR THE ONE LOOP EFFECTIVE ACTION
Authors: PERRY ROBERT J. , LI MING
Published: November 2004

Numerical results for the one loop correction to (ϕ4)2 are compared to results obtained from a derivative expansion and an expansion in inverse powers of the effective mass. We vary the scalar background field to illustrate when and why these expansions succeed, and how they break down. It is shown that both expansions behave like asymptotic series, with the approximation improving until higher order corrections grow in magnitude.
KNO SCALING IN THE PARTON BRANCHING MODEL
Authors: SARCEVIC INA
Published: November 2004

We obtain a parton branching distribution Pmn of m quarks and n gluons. We show that this distribution does not obey exact KNO scaling. In the case when quark evolution is neglected, the probability distribution becomes wider as energy increases, in agreement with experimental data. We find that moments fit the data remarkably well with an increasing initial number of gluons and decreasing initial number of quarks. In this model, we predict the upper bounds for the probability distribution and multiplicity moments. We also give theoretical predictions for the multiplicities and moments for Tevatron Collider energies, indicating the slow narrowing of the probability distribution in this energy range.
CLASSIFICATION OF MODULAR INVARIANT PARTITION FUNCTIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: KATO AKISHI
Published: November 2004

The partition functions of c < 1 minimal unitary conformal theories are completely classified. It is proven that the list given by Cappelli, Itzykson and Zuber exhausts the set of physically acceptable solutions.
FINITE N = 1 SUSY GAUGE FIELD THEORIES
Authors: KAZAKOV D. I.
Published: November 2004

In the present paper we give a detailed description of the method to construct finite N = 1 SUSY gauge field theories in the framework of N = 1 superfields within dimensional regularization. The finiteness of all the Green functions is based on supersymmetry and gauge invariance and is achieved by a proper choice of matter content of the theory and Yukawa couplings in the form yi = fi(ε)g, where g is the gauge coupling, and the function fi(ε) is regular at ε = 0 and is calculated in perturbation theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions for finiteness are determined already in the one-loop approximation. The correspondence with an earlier proposed approach to construct finite theories based on eigenvalue solutions of renormalization-group equations is established.
ON STOCHASTIC QUANTIZATION OF WITTEN'S FIELD THEORY OF INTERACTING STRING
Authors: DAI YUAN-BEN , XIONG CHUAN-SHENG , ZHAO WEI-DONG
Published: November 2004

Simple Feynman rules are obtained for Witten's theory of interacting string using stochastic quantization scheme.
ULTRA HIGH ENERGY γ-FLUX FROM SUPERNOVA 1987a
Authors: SATO HUMITAKA
Published: November 2004

High energy γ-ray from the SN 1987a in LMC will be observable by such a detection system as used for Cyg X-3, if it is installed in the southern hemisphere. The γ-ray flux will rise and decline in about one year and the maximum event rate could be 104 times larger than Cyg X-3 in some model.
THE SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE FIELD COPIES
Authors: POPOWICZ ZIEMOWIT
Published: November 2004

The examples of Wu-Yang ambiguity in the supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are given. We describe two different manners of copying the superconnection for the N = 1, N = 3 supersymmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills field theory, providing the same field strength superfield tensor.
INSTABILITY IN WHEELER-De WITT SUPERSPACE
Authors: GURZADYAN V. G. , KOCHARYAN A. A.
Published: November 2004

The problem of boundary (initial) conditions in cosmology is discussed within quantum geometrodynamical Wheeler-De Witt-Hawking approach. The instability of geodesic flow in the superspace and hence strong dependence on initial conditions of solutions of Wheeler-De Witt equation corresponding to homogeneous cosmological models is shown.
ANOMALOUS FERMION NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES: TWO DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLE
Authors: BOCHKAREV A. I. , SHAPOSHNIKOV M. E.
Published: November 2004

We consider γ5 version of Abelian Higgs model in 1 + 1 dimensions and find one loop expression for the rate of fermion number non-conservation at high temperatures. We discuss the construction of the noncontractible loop in the configuration space and an analog of the sphaleron solution in the theory.
STRANGE SUPERALGEBRAS AND DESCRIPTION OF NONRELATIVISTIC SPIN
Authors: NOWICKI ANATOL
Published: November 2004

We show that the supersymmetric structure of the nonrelativistic quantum spin is given by the strange superalgebra of the type [Formula: see text]. The description of the spin particle proposed by Berezin and Marinov is provided by the representation of the real strange superalgebra [Formula: see text]. Different description of quantum spin based on the real quaternionic strange superalgebra [Formula: see text] is also investigated.
PATH-INTEGRAL DERIVATION OF ONE-PARAMETER DEPENDENT NONMINIMAL ANOMALIES AND EFFECTIVE ACTIONS IN SCHWINGER MODEL AND ITS VARIANTS
Authors: YI S.H. , PARK D.K. , CHO B.H.
Published: November 2004

The one-parameter dependent nonminimal anomalies and effective actions are derived by the path-integral method using the one-parameter family of Euclidean regularization operator in Schwinger model with vector, chiral, and chirally asymmetric couplings. We also investigate the factorizability of fermion determinant and the physical role of regularization ambiguity in chiral Schwinger model.
BOOTSTRAPPING A HEAVY HIGGS
Authors: CONTOGOURIS A.P. , MEBARKI N. , ATWOOD D. , TANAKA H.
Published: November 2004

Possible strong interaction effects arising when the Higgs mass MH is sufficiently large are investigated in the system of interacting Higgs, using dispersion relations (N/D method). A simple model indicates that for MH≳1 TeV several such effects are present: an 1=0 bound state, large s-wave phase shifts and a resonance-like state. In the range 1.5≲MH≲3.5 TeV the above bound state amounts to an approximate bootstrap (self-consistent) solution for the Higgs with respect to both its mass and coupling. Other aspects of the H-H strong interaction system are also investigated.
GAUGE FIXING OF STRINGLIKE MODELS VIA OSp(D/2)
Authors: DELBOURGO R. , JARVIS P.D. , ZHANG R.B. , THOMPSON G.
Published: November 2004

Within the formalism of OSp(D/2) supersymmetry, wherein extended BRST transformations correspond to supertranslations, we fix the gauge of bosonic stringlike models in the form, ∂g=0, [Formula: see text]. The action has no propagating or interacting conformal ghosts and the Sp(2) symmetry between the ghosts is manifest.
FERMI-BOSE TRANSMUTATIONS INDUCED BY GAUGE FIELDS
Authors: POLYAKOV A.M.
Published: November 2004

We show that in (2+1)-dimensional abelian gauge theory with the Chern-Simons term in the action, charged particles reverse their statistics.
DYNAMICAL TIME VARIABLE IN COSMOLOGY
Authors: FUKUYAMA TAKESHI , KAMIMURA KIYOSHI
Published: November 2004

Dynamical time variables are studied in two dimensional gravity theory. Dynamical time and space variables exchange their role at the maximum radius (amax) like a black hole at event horizon. Dynamical arrows of time are directed towards amax in both expanding and contracting phases. Both time flows cannot go beyond amax, and the universe becomes static at amax.