bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Daya Bersih Sabun Padat Kombinasi Arang Aktif Cangkang Sawit dan Sodium Lauril Sulfat
Authors: Lestari Uce , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Handayani Wulan Tri
Published: October 2020

Kemampuan sodium lauril sulfat (SLS) dalam membersihkan kotoran telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penunjang sediaan sabun padat, tetapi kombinasi dengan arang aktif cangkang sawit pemanfaatannya belum optimal untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam mengecilkan pori, membantu pengelupasan sel-sel kulit mati, mencerahkan kulit, dan menghilangkan noda hitam. Tujuan penelitian untuk memformulasikan sabun padat kombinasi arang aktif cangkang sawit dengan SLS untuk meningkatkan efektivitas daya bersihnya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan variasi konsentrasi arang aktif cangkang sawit dan SLS, yaitu 3:0, 2:1, 1:2, dan 0:3. Sabun padat dilakukan karakterisasi meliputi uji kadar air, alkali bebas, bahan tak larut etanol, dan kadar klorida dan stabilitas meliputi: organoleptis, pH, tinggi busa, kekerasan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistik dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji sifat fisik dan stabilitas dari semua formula memenuhi SNI. Uji daya bersih dengan alat turbidimetri menunjukkan bahwa F2 paling efektif (64,8% terhadap kontrol positif) dalam membersihkan noda  dibandingkan dengan F4, F1, dan F3 secara berturut-turut. Formula dengan perbandingan arang cangkang sawit dan SLS 2:1 memiliki karakteristik fisiko kimia, stabilitas, dan daya bersih paling baik dibandingkan dari pada formula lainnya.
Postoperative Orthopedic Surgical Site Infection Antibiogram of dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember in 2019
Authors: Saffanah Nurul Indah , Agustina Dini , Sutejo Ika Rahmawati
Published: October 2020

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a microbial infection of the surgical wound within 30 days of operation or one year after surgery if an implant is placed in a patient. The incidence level of postoperative orthopedic SSI range to 71%. An increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria causes the treatment of postoperative orthopedic surgical wound infections to be less effective, so there is an increase in morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and economic burden on hospital resources.Antibiogram were used to guidethe clinician and pharmacist selectedthe best empiric antimicrobial treatment in the event of pending microbiology culture and susceptibility results to overcome the disadvantages of antibotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to form a postoperative orthopedic SSI antibiogram of dr. Soebandi Hospital in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia which can be used as a reference to rational therapy. This study used a descriptive observational study research design with medical records from January – December 2019.A total of 34 isolates were found from 33 patients who did a culture examination. Of the 34 isolates, 25 were found to be positive for bacterial growth, while nine were negative. Twenty-two bacteria were Gram-negative and others were Gram-positive. The bacteria were tested against beta-lactam and non-beta lactam antibiotics.From antibiogram, showed that Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to the meropenem and resistant to cefotaxime. While, gram-positive bacteria showed sensitivity to doxycycline and resistant to erythromycin and penicillin.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Fraksi Metanol Virgin Coconut Oil dan Madu Kele Bali dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl)
Authors: Leliqia Ni Putu Eka , Harta I Ketut Gede Gilang Gama , Saputra A.A. Bagus Yoga , Sari Pande Made Nova Armita , Laksmiani Ni Putu Linda
Published: October 2020

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) dan madu telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku sediaan topikal untuk perawatan kulit. Salah satu khasiat yang telah terbukti adalah aktivitas antioksidannya. Namun efek VCO dan madu sebagai antioksidan umumnya masih dibuktikan dalam bentuk bahan tunggal tidak dalam bentuk kombinasi keduanya. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH memerlukan sampel uji yang bersifat polar. Fraksi metanol dari VCO dan madu telah diketahui bersifat polar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kombinasi fraksi metanol VCO dan madu kele Bali yang memberikan aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat. VCO dan madu kele Bali diperoleh dari Desa Aan, Bali. Skrining fitokimia fraksi metanol VCO dan madu kele Bali ditentukan ditentukan dengan metode yang sesuai. Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) fraksi metanol VCO, madu kele Bali, dan kombinasi keduanya ditentukan dengan metode DPPH. Terdapat 5 kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut yang diuji. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA oneway-LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Fraksi metanol VCO mengandung flavonoid dan tanin, sedangkan madu kele Bali mengandung saponin, fenol, flavonoid dan steroid/triterpenoid. Fraksi metanol VCO dan madu kele Bali memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 7,20±0,23 mg/mL dan 14,56±0,25 mg/mL. Perbandingan jumlah kombinasi fraksi metanol VCO dan madu kele Bali berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap aktivitas antioksidannya (p<0,05). Kombinasi 0,0063 g fraksi metanol VCO dan 1 g madu kele Bali menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat (IC50 8,50±0,17 mg/mL). Fraksi metanol VCO dan madu kele Bali serta kombinasinya tergolong antioksidan lemah, namun terjadi peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan yang bermakna pada kombinasi ini dibandingkan madu kele Bali tunggal (p<0,05).
Modelos estadísticos sobre la eficacia del marketing digital
Authors: Londoño Arredondo Sara , Mora Gutiérrez Yessica Johana , Valencia Cárdenas Marisol
Published: October 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg

El comercio ha introducido medios digitales que facilitan la comunicación con los clientes, con tecnologías basadas en Internet. En este artículo se busca analizar los factores que inciden en la probabilidad del conocimiento y uso de estrategias del marketing digital. Para ello se aplica una encuesta en el centro de Medellín –Colombia-, tanto a almacenes como a usuarios y la información recolectada se convierte en insumo de un análisis descriptivo e inferencial, con la estimación de modelos de regresión logística y Poisson, para establecer la relación entre diversas variables asociadas al usuario, como la ocupación y el uso de las redes sociales, con el conocimiento y uso de las estrategias del marketing digital de prendas de vestir, así como la incidencia sobre barreras observadas para ello. Se destaca que dicho canal no es eficaz para la compra, ya que es poco usado, sin embargo, la probabilidad de uso está asociada con las redes sociales y con algunos beneficios esperados.
Papo de pedagogo: uma proposta de reflexão teórico-prática no estágio supervisionado de Pedagogia
Authors: PEREIRA. Aline Romana Alves  , Faria. Luci Aparecida Souza Borges de  , Pinheiro. Maria de Lourdes
Published: October 2020

A Pedagogia oferece ao profissional da área as mais variadas oportunidades junto ao mundo do trabalho. Contudo, docência, supervisão e gestão continuam sendo as mais buscadas pelos pedagogos. Diante desse quadro, percebe-se uma lacuna entre os estudantes de Pedagogia que já atuam e os que estão ainda em processo de formação. Aqueles por viverem intrinsecamente o dia a dia da profissão, estes por ser uma realidade totalmente nova, a tal ponto que alguns professores, sem perceber, lidam com os graduandos como se lhes fosse uma realidade comum, o que, na maioria dos casos, pode dificultar o processo ensino-aprendizagem de conhecimentos específicos à prática docente. Percebeu-se a necessidade de promover meios pelos quais esta lacuna pudesse ser preenchida. Por essas razões, o projeto Papo de Pedagogo reuniu, em intervalo quinzenal, graduandos que realizam Estágio Curricular Supervisionado e egressos do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade Aldete Maria Alves, em Iturama/MG, com profissionais da Educação e áreas afins, de diversos níveis de experiência profissional, em rodas de conversa para compartilhar experiências, expectativas, medos, dúvidas, etc., relacionados ao cotidiano da prática docente, com a finalidade de proporcionar embasamento para futuras práticas pedagógicas por meio de reflexão contínua e coletiva. A adesão por parte dos graduandos superou os 90% e estes, por sua vez, reconheceram a importância de conciliar teoria e prática, pautadas nos princípios éticos e da busca por formação continuada para a construção de uma “práxis” pedagógica.
Moda, figurinos e sustentabilidade: relatos de uma gestão criativa através do projeto “Atelier Solidário”
Authors: Ropelatto Luciane , Gislon Mayra Marina , Riffel Renato
Published: October 2020

O artigo relata algumas ações executadas pelo projeto de extensão universitária Atelier Solidário, vinculado ao curso de Design de Moda da Univali - SC, no decorrer do ano de 2017. Este projeto busca realizar atividades que contribuam para a melhoria de vida das comunidades com vulnerabilidade social existentes no entorno dos campi da Universidade, seguindo premissas sustentáveis e de inclusão social, tratando-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado em pesquisa-ação. Por meio de parcerias estabelecidas com duas entidades, o Grupo Musical “Morro do Boi”, localizado em Balneário Camboriú - SC e a Fundação Municipal de Cultural de Bombinhas - SC, foram elaborados figurinos para apresentações musicais e de dança, utilizando materiais oriundos do descarte têxtil de empresas da região. Assim sendo, o projeto de extensão atendeu a uma determinada demanda social, ao mesmo tempo em que promoveu o reaproveitamento do descarte fabril. Além disso, o projeto de extensão  contribuiu para a formação dos acadêmicos do curso de Design de Moda, uma valiosa experiência prática na área do desenvolvimento de produtos, necessária para a qualificação profissional dos estudantes.
Quantifying the individual variability in exposure risk to mosquito bites in the Cascades region, Burkina Faso
Authors: Guglielmo Federica , Sanou Antoine , Churcher Thomas S , Ferguson Heather M , Ranson Hilary , Sherrard-Smith Ellie
Published: October 2020

Background. The Cascades Region, Burkina Faso, has a high malaria burden despite reported high insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) use. Human and vector activities outside the hours when indoor interventions offer direct protection from infectious bites potentially increase exposure risk to bites from malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes. We investigated the degree of variation in human behaviour both between individuals and through time (season) to quantify how it impacts exposure to malaria vectors. Methods. Patterns in human overnight activity (18:00-06:00) to quantify time spent using an ITN across 7 successive nights in two rural communities, Niakore (N = 24 participants) and Toma (71 participants), were observed in the dry and rainy seasons, between 2017-2018. Hourly human landing Anopheles mosquito catches were conducted in Niakore specifically, and Cascades Region generally, between 2016-2017. Data were statistically combined to estimate seasonal variation in time spent outdoors and Anopheles bites received per person per night (bpppn). Results. Substantial variability in exposure to outdoor Anopheles bites was detected within and between communities across seasons. In October, when Anopheles densities are highest, an individual’s risk of Anopheles bites ranged from 2.2 to 52.2 bpppn within the same week with variable risk dependent on hours spent indoors. Comparably higher outdoor human activity was observed in April and July but, due to lower Anopheles densities estimated, bpppn were 0.2 – 4.7 and 0.5 – 32.0 respectively. Males and people aged over 21 years were predicted to receive more bites in both sentinel villages. Conclusion. This work presents one of the first clear descriptions of the degree of heterogeneity in time spent outdoors between people and across the year. Appreciation of sociodemographic, cultural and entomological activities will help refine approaches to vector control.
Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young adults with a history of transient psychotic experiences: findings from a population-based study
Authors: Coughlan Helen , Walton-Ball Erin , Carey Eleanor , Healy Colm , O’Regan-Murphy Grace , Uidhir Aoife Nic , Clarke Mary , Cannon Mary
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPsychotic experiences are not uncommon in young people and are associated with both psychopathology and compromised global functioning. Although psychotic experiences are transient for most people who report them, few studies have examined the association between early transient PEs and later functioning in population samples. Additionally, studies using self-report measures of interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodsParticipants were 103 young people from a longitudinal population-based study cohort of mental health in Ireland. They attended for baseline clinical interviews in childhood (age 11-13) and were followed up in young adulthood (age 19-25). Participants who reported psychotic experiences at baseline but not at follow-up were classified as having transient psychotic experiences. Data from both time-points were used to examine the association between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties in young adulthood using poisson regression modelling.ResultsYoung people with a history of transient psychotic experiences reported significantly higher interpersonal (adj IRR: 1.83, 95%ileCI: 1.10- 3.02, p = .02) and educational/vocational (adj IRR: 2.28, 95%ileCI: 1.43- 3.64, p = .001) difficulties during adolescence. However, no significant differences in interpersonal (adj IRR: 0.49, 95%ileCI: 0.10-2.30, p = .37) or educational/vocational (adj IRR: 0.88, 95%ileCI: 0.37-2.08, p = .77) difficulties were found in young adulthood. Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people both with and without a history of transient psychotic experiences decreased between adolescence and young adulthood.ConclusionsYoung people with transient psychotic experiences have increased interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence but these may not persist into the young adult years. This finding indicates that early psychotic experiences may not confer high risk for long-term interpersonal or educational/vocational deficits among young people who experience these phenomena transiently.
A cross-sectional study on associations of physical symptoms, health self-efficacy, and suicidal ideation among Chinese hospitalized cancer patients.
Authors: Xu Qingyi , Jia Shuhua , Fukasawa Maiko , Lin Lin , Na Jun , Mu Zhen , Li Bo , Li Ningning , Zhao Tong , Ju Zaishuang , He Meng , Yu Lianzheng , Kawakami Norito , Li Yuejin , Jiang Chao
Published: October 2020

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown increased risk of suicide in cancer patients compared with the general population. The present study aimed to examine the association between physical symptoms and suicidal ideation in Chinese hospitalized cancer patients and test the modifying effect of health self-efficacy on the association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 544 hospitalized cancer patients in two general hospitals in northeast China via face-to-face interviews. Suicidal ideation was measured by using the first four items on the Yale Evaluation of Suicidality scale and then dichotomized into a positive and negative score. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of physical symptoms, health self-efficacy, and their interactions on suicidal ideation. Results: The suicidal ideation rate was 26.3% in the enrolled cancer patients. Logistic regression showed that insomnia (aOR=1.84, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.00, p =0.015) and lack of appetite (aOR=2.14, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.64, p =0.005) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Low health self-efficacy had a marginally significant exaggerating effect on the association between pain and suicidal ideation (aOR = 2.77, 95% CI 0.99 to 7.74, p =0.053), after adjusting for significant socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, and depression. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate significant associations between physical symptoms (insomnia and/or lack of appetite) and suicidal ideation and highlight the potential modifying role of health self-efficacy in the identification and prevention of suicide among cancer patients.
Melatonin promotes adventitious root formation in apple by promoting the function of MdWOX11
Authors: Mao Jiangping , Niu Chundong , Li Ke , Chen Shiyue , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Han Mingyu , Zhang Dong
Published: October 2020

Background: Melatonin (MT) is important for plant growth and development; however, it is not known whether MT is involved in apple adventitious root (AR) development. In this study, we treated Malus prunifolia (MP) at four different stages of AR development, and analyzed the level of the endogenous hormones MT, auxin (IAA), zeatin-riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins (GA1+3) in all four treatment groups and the untreated control group. The expression of MT, IAA biosynthesis, transport and signal transduction, the cell cycle, and root development related genes were quantified by RT-qPCR. The function of MdWOX11 was analyzed in transgenic apple plants.Results: The promotion of AR development by MT was dependent on the stage of AR induction between 0–2 d in apple rootstocks. MT-treatment increased the level of IAA and crosstalk existed between MT and IAA during AR formation. The expression of MdWOX11 was induced by MT treatment and positively regulated AR formation in apple. Furthermore, transgenic lines that overexpressed MdWOX11 lines produced more ARs than ‘GL3’. Phenotypic analysis indicated that MdWOX11 overexpression lines were more sensitive to exogenous MT treatment than ‘GL3’, suggesting that MdWOX11 regulates AR formation in response to MT in apple rootstock.Conclusions: MT promotes AR formation mainly during the AR induction stage by inducing IAA levels and upregulating MdWOX11.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That the Heterosis of Two Maize Hybrids is Related to Enhancement of Stress Response and Photosynthesis Respectively
Authors: Wang Daoping , Mu Yongying , Hu Xiaojiao , Ma Bo , Wang Zhibo , Zhu Li , Xu Jiang , Huang Changling , Pan Yinghong
Published: October 2020

Background Heterosis refers to superior traits exhibiting in a hybrid when compared with both parents. Generally, the hybridization between parents can change the expression pattern of some proteins such as non-additive proteins (NAPs) which might lead to heterosis. ‘Zhongdan808’ (ZD808) and ‘Zhongdan909’ (ZD909) are excellent maize hybrids in China, however, the heterosis mechanism of them are not clear. Proteomics has been wildly used in many filed, and comparative proteomic analysis of hybrid and its parents is helpful for understanding the mechanism of heterosis in the two maize hybrids.Results Over 2,000 protein groups were quantitatively identified from second seedling leaves of two hybrids and their parents by label-free quantification. Statistical analysis of total identified proteins, differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) and NAPs of the two hybrids revealed that both of them were more similar to their female parents. In addition, most of DAPs were up-regulated and most of NAPs were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance in ZD808, while in ZD909, most of DAPs were down-regulated and most of NAPs were low parent abundance or below-low parent abundance. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that more of stress response-related NAPs in ZD808 were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance, and most of PS related NAPs in ZD909 were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance. Finally, four stress response-related proteins and eight proteins related to PS were verified by PRM, ten of them had significant differences between hybrid and midparent value. Conclusions Even though every one of the two hybrids were more similar to its female parent at proteome level, the biological basis of heterosis is different in the two maize hybrids. In comparison with their parents, the excellent agronomic traits of hybrid ZD808 is mainly correlated with the high expression levels of some proteins related to stress responses and metabolic functions, while traits of ZD909 is mainly correlated with high expressed proteins related to photosynthesis. Our proteomics results support previous physiological and morphological research and have provided useful information in understanding the reason of valuable agronomic traits.
How and to what extent can pensions facilitate increased use of health services by older people: Evidence from social pension expansion in rural China
Authors: chen shanquan , Chen Xi , Law Stephen , Lucas Henry , Tang Shenlan , Long Qian , Xue Lei , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2020

Background: The proportion of people aged 60 years or over is growing faster than other age groups. Traditionally, retirement has been considered as both a loss to the labour market and an additional economic burden on the nation. More recently, it is widely accepted that retired people can still contribute to society in many ways, though the extent of their contributions will depend heavily on their state of health. In this context, a significant practical issue is how to encourage older people to use the health services they need. This study aims to evaluate the effects of pensions on older adults’ health service utilization, and estimate the level of pension required to influence such utilization. Methods: Using data from a nationally representative sample survey, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we adopted a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and undertook segmented regression analysis. Results: It was found that a pension did encourage low-income people to use both outpatient (OR = 1.219, 95% 1.018-1.460) and inpatient services (OR = 1.269, 95% 1.020-1.579); but also encouraged both low- and high-income people to choose self-treatment, specifically over-the-counter (OR = 1.208, 95% 1.037-1.407; OR = 1.206, 95% 1.024-1.419; respectively) and traditional Chinese medicines (OR = 1.452, 95% 1.094-1.932; OR = 1.456, 95% 1.079-1.955; respectively). However, receiving a pension had no effect on the frequency of outpatient and inpatient service use. Breakpoints for a pension to promote health service utilization were mainly located in the range 55-95 CNY (7.1-12.3 EUR or 8.0-13.8 USD). Conclusions: A pension was found to have mixed effects on health service utilization for different income groups. Our study enriches existing evidence on the impact of pensions on healthcare-seeking behaviour and can be helpful in policy design and the formulation of improved models relating to pensions and healthcare utilisation.
Genetic Map Construction and Functional Characterization of Genes within the Segregation Distortion Regions (SDRs) in the F2:3 Populations Derived from Wild Cotton Species of the D Genome
Authors: KIRUNGU Joy Nyangasi , MAGWANGA Richard Odongo , SHIRAKU Margaret Linyerera , Pu LU , MEHARI Teame Gereziher , Yuanchao XU , Yuqing HOU , AGONG Stephen Gaya , Yun ZHOU , Xiaoyan CAI , Zhou Zhongli , Kunbo WANG , Fang LIU
Published: October 2020

Background: Segregation distortion (SD) is a phenomenon common among stable or segregating populations, and the principle behind it still puzzles many researchers. The F2:3 progenies developed from the wild cotton species of the D genomes were used to investigate the possible plant transcription factors within the segregation distortion regions (SDRs). A consensus map was developed between two maps from the four D genome, map A derived from F2:3 progenies of Gossypium klotzschianum and G. davidsonii while Map B from G. thurberi and G. trilobum F2:3 generations. In each map, 188 individual plants were used. Results: The consensus linkage map had 1 492 markers across the 13 linkage groups; with a map size of 1467.445 cM and an average marker distance of 1.037 0 cM. Chromosome D502 had the highest percentage of SD with 58.621%, followed by Chromosome D507 with 47.887%. Six thousand and thirty- eight genes were mined within the SDRs on chromosome D502 and D507 of the consensus map. Within chromosome D502 and D507, 2,308 and 3 730 genes were mined, respectively, and were found to belong to 1 117 domains out of which 622 domains were common across the two chromosomes. Moreover, the first 9 domains were members of the plant resistance genes (R genes), while Pkinase; Protein kinase domain (PF00069) was the dominant group with 188 genes. Further analysis on the dominant domains revealed that 287 miRNAs were found to target various genes, such as the gr-miR398, gra-miR5207, miR164a, miR164b, miR164c among others, which have been found to target top-ranked stress-responsive transcription factors such as NAC genes. Moreover, some of the stress- responsive cis-regulatory elements were also detected. Furthermore, RNA profiling of the genes from the dominant family showed that higher numbers of genes were highly upregulated under salt and osmotic stress conditions, and also they were highly expressed at different stages of fiber development. Conclusion: The results indicated the critical role of the SDRs in the evolution of significant genes in plants.
Revealing oral microbiota composition and functionality associated with heavy cigarette smoking.
Authors: Albataineh Mohammad Tahseen , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Elkhazendar Mohammed , Alnusairat Dua'a Mohammad Hasan , Darwish Islam Mohammad Ismail , Al-Hajjaj Mohamed Saleh , Hamid Qutayba
Published: October 2020

Background: Heavy tobacco smoking, a hallmark feature of lung cancer, is drastically predominant in Middle Eastern populations. The precise links between nicotine dependence and the functional contribution of the oral microbiota remain unknown in these populations.Methods: We evaluated the composition and functional capabilities of oral microbiota with relation to cigarette smoking in 105 adults through shotgun metagenomics using buccal swabs. Results: The oral microbiota composition in our study subjects was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, in addition to the genera Prevotella and Veillonella, similar to previously described westernized cohorts. Furthermore, the smoker's oral microbiota represented a significant abundance of Veillonella dispar, Leptotrichia spp., and Prevotella pleuritidis when compared to non-smokers. Within the smoking groups, differential relative abundance testing unveiled relative abundance of Streptobacillus hongkongensis, Fusobacterium massiliense, Prevotella bivia in high nicotine dependent compared to low nicotine dependent profiles based on Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Functional profiling showed marked differences between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers exhibited an enrichment of Tricarballylate utilization and Lactate racemization when compared to the non-smokers. According to their nicotine dependence, enrichment of Xanthosine utilization, p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate utilization, and multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni biosynthesis modules were detected in the high nicotine dependent group. Conclusions: These compositional and functional differences may provide critical insight on how variations in the oral microbiota could predispose to respiratory illnesses and smoke cessation relapse in cigarette smokers. In particular, the observed enrichment of Fusobacterium and Prevotella in the oral microbiota possibly suggests an intriguing linkage to gut and lung cancers.
Management protocol for emergency aneurysm craniotomy clipping in non-major COVID-19 epidemic areas in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Xiaolin , Ma Li , Deng Xiaofeng , Li Zelin , Ye Xun , Wang Hao , Kang Shuai , Zhang Yan , Wang Rong , Zhang Dong , Cao Yong , Zhao Yuanli , Wang Shuo , Zhao Ji Zong
Published: October 2020

Background: An epidemic of COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. The ordinary medical services were hindered. However, the emergency cases, including aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), still required timely intervention. Thus, it provoked challenges to the routine management protocol. In this study, we summarized our experience in the emergency management of aSAH (Beijing Tiantan Protocol, BTP) in Beijing, China.Methods: Demographic, clinical, and imaging data of consecutive emergency aSAH patients who underwent craniotomy clipping during the COVID-19 epidemic season were reviewed and compared with the retrospective period last year. Subgroup analysis was further performed to assess the outcomes of different screening results and several detailed protocols. Neurological outcomes were evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).Results: A total of 127 aSAH referred to our emergency department, and 42 (33.1%) underwent craniotomy clipping between January 20, 2020, and March 25, 2020. The incidence of preoperative hospitalized adverse events, and the perioperative outcomes were similar (-0.1, 95% CI -1.0 to 0.8, P=0.779) to the retrospective period last year (2019.01-2019.03). After the propensity score matching (PSM), there were still no statistical differences in prognostic parameters between the two groups. 8 (19.0%) of the 42 individuals were initially screened as preliminary undetermined COVID-19 cases, in which 2 of them underwent craniotomy clipping in the negative pressure operating room (OR). The prognosis of patients with varied COVID-19 screening results was similar (F(2, 39)=0.393, P=0.678). Since February 28, 12 cases (28.6%) received COVID-19 nucleic acid testing (NAT) upon admission, and all showed negative. The false-negative rate was 0.0%. The preoperative hospitalized adverse events and postoperative prognosis were still similar between patients with and without COVID-19 NAT (-0.3, 95% CI -1.4 to 0.9, P=0.653). Conclusions: Our emergency surgery management protocol (BTP) is reliable for scheduling emergency aneurysm craniotomy clipping in non-major epidemic areas.
Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula
Authors: Chen Song , Lin Xin , Zhao Xiyang , Chen Su
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCellulose is an essential structural component of plant cell wall and is an important resource to produce paper, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. The synthesis of cellulose is among the most important but poorly understood biochemical processes, which is precisely regulated by internal and external cues.ResultsHere, we identified 46 gene models in 7 gene families which encoding cellulose synthase and related enzymes of Betula pendula, and the transcript abundance of these genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues also be determined. Based on these RNA-seq data, we have identified 8 genes that most likely participate in secondary cell wall synthesis, which include 3 cellulose synthase genes and 5 cellulose synthase-like genes. In parallel, a gene co-expression network was also constructed based on transcriptome sequencing.ConclusionsIn this study, we have identified a total of 46 cell wall synthesis genes in B. pendula, which include 8 secondary cell wall synthesis genes. These analyses will help decipher the genetic information of the cell wall synthesis genes, elucidate the molecular mechanism of cellulose synthesis and understand the cell wall structure in B. pendula.
Establishment of an immune-related gene pair model to predict colon adenocarcinoma prognosis
Authors: Luo Jihang , Liu Puyu , Wang Leibo , Huang Yi , Wang Yuanyan , Geng Wenjing , Chen Duo , Bai Yuju , Yang Ze
Published: October 2020

Background. Colon cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and has high morbidity and mortality. Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the main pathological type of colon cancer, and much evidence has supported the correlation between the prognosis of COAD and the immune system. The current study aimed to develop a robust prognostic immune-related gene pair (IRGP) model to estimate the overall survival of patients with COAD. Methods. The gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with colon adenocarcinoma were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases and were divided into training and validation cohorts. Immune genes were selected that showed a significant association with prognosis. Results. Among 1,647 immune genes, a model with 17 IRGPs was built that was significantly associated with OS in the training cohort. In the training and validation datasets, the IRGP model divided patients into the high-risk group and low-risk group, and the prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly worse (P＜0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses confirmed the feasibility of this model. Functional analysis confirmed that multiple tumor progression and stem cell growth-related pathways were upregulated in the high-risk groups. Regulatory T cells and macrophages M0 were significantly highly expressed in the high-risk group. Conclusion. We successfully constructed an IRGP model that can predict the prognosis of COAD, providing new insights into the treatment strategy of COAD.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells therapy enhance immunoregulatory properties in acute graft versus host diseas with combination of regulatory T cells
Authors: Park Min-Jung , Baek Jin-Ah , Kim Se-Young , Jung Kyung-Ah , Choi Jeong Won , Park Sung-Hwan , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Cho Mi-La
Published: October 2020

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in modulating the immune response and promoting immune tolerance in models of autoimmunity and transplantation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert therapeutic potential due to their immunomodulatory properties, which have been demonstrated both in vitro and in clinical trials. Cell-based therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) may enable induction of donor-specific tolerance in the preclinical setting. Methods: We investigated whether the immunoregulatory activity of the combination of MDSCs and Tregs on T cell and B cell subset and alloreactive T cell response. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of combined cell therapy for a murine aGVHD model following MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. We compared histologic analysis from the target tissues of each groups were and immune cell population by flow cytometric analysisResults: We report a novel approach to inducing immune tolerance using a combination of donor-derived MDSCs and Tregs. The combined cell-therapy modulated in vitro the proliferation of alloreactive T cells and the Treg/Th17 balance in mice and human system. Systemic infusion of MDSCs and Tregs ameliorated serverity and inflammation of aGVHD mouse model by reducing the populations of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in target tissue. The combined therapy promoted the differentiation of allogeneic T cells toward Foxp3+Tregs and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells. The combination treatment control also activated human T and B cell subset.Conclusions: Therefore, the combination of MDSCs and Tregs has immunomodulatory activity and induces immune tolerance to prevent of aGVHD severity. This could lead to the development of new clinical approaches to the prevent aGVHD.
Mental health status of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Jiang Wen , Liu Xuerong , Zhang Jingxuan , Feng Zhengzhi
Published: October 2020

Background: To investigate the mental health status of Chinese residents during the epidemic of COVID-19, identify the positive and negative factors and explore the regulatory effects of negative cognitive processing bias on mental health.Methods: Using a general questionnaire, such as the self-rating depression scale, the state anxiety inventory, and the negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire, an internet-based survey was conducted on 60199 residents in China. An ordered multiple logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The survey showed that the incidences of mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were 62.65%, 11.33%, and 6.14%, respectively, and that of mild, moderate and severe anxiety symptoms were 33.21%, 41.27%, and 22.99%, respectively. The results of ordered multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors, such as female gender, age more than 55 years elderly, high school education level, medical staff, marital conflicts, negative attention bias, rumination, and death rate positively affected the level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The good family functionality, democratic working atmosphere, and a myriad of social activities negatively affected the level of depressive and anxiety symptoms.Conclusion: The Chinese residents exhibited a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the epidemic. Thus, psychological interventions should focus on the vulnerable groups, and cognitive training should focus on reducing the negative cognitive processing bias that might be an effective way to alleviate the mental stress of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese populations aged over 55 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lu Yuan , Liu Chaojie , Yu Dehua , Fawkes Sally , Ma Jia , Zhang Min , Li Chunbo
Published: October 2020

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by sub-group analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.Results: A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6%, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI: 7.7%, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. ​Conclusion：Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more relaxed criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration number：PROSPERO CRD42019134686
Predicting Future Harm from Gambling over a Five-Year period in a General Population Sample: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Currie Shawn , Hodgins David , Williams Robert , Fiest Kirsten
Published: October 2020

Background. There is little longitudinal evidence on the cumulative risk of harm from gambling associated with excess spending and frequency of play. The present study sought to assess the risk of gambling problems over a five-year period in adults who exceed previously derived low-risk gambling limits compared to those who remain within the limits after controlling for other modifiable risk factors. Methods. Participants were adults (N = 4212) drawn from two independent Canadian longitudinal cohort studies who reported gambling in the past year and were free of problem gambling at time 1. Multivariate Cox regression was employed to assess the impact over time of gambling above low-risk gambling thresholds (frequency ≥ 8 times per month; expenditure ≥ $75CAN per month; percent of household income spent on gambling ≥ 1.7%) on developing moderate harm and problem gambling. Covariates included presence of a DSM5 addiction or mental health disorder at time 1, irrational gambling beliefs, number of stressful life events in past 12 months, number of game types played each year, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games. Results. In both samples, exceeding the low-risk gambling limits at time 1 significantly increased the risk of moderate harm (defined as ≥ 2 consequences on the Problem Gambling Severity Index [PGSI]) within five years after controlling for other modifiable risk factors. Other significant predictors of harm were presence of a mental disorder at time 1, cognitive distortions about gambling, stressful life events, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games. In one sample, the five-year cumulative survival rate for moderate harm among individuals who stayed below all the low-risk limits was 95% compared to 83% among gamblers who exceeded all limits. Each additional low-risk limit exceeded increased the cumulative probability of harm by 30%. Similar results were found in models when the outcome was problem gambling.Conclusions. Level of gambling involvement represents a highly modifiable risk factor for later harm. Staying below empirically derived safe gambling thresholds reduces the risk of harm over time.
High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic healthcare workers in a large university tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Buonafine Carolina Palamin , Paiatto Beatriz Nobre Monteiro , Leal Fabyano , Matos Samantha , Moraes Camila Ohomoto , Guerra Giovanna Guazzelli , Martuchelli Marcus Vinicius Vidal , Oliveira Danielle Leal , Durigon Edison Luiz , Soares Camila Pereira , Candido Erika Donizette , Telezynski Bruna Larotonda , Safadi Marco Aurelio , Almeida Flavia Jacqueline
Published: October 2020

Background: Latin America became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020, mostly driven by Brazil's situation. Healthcare workers are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, experiencing a significant burden from COVID-19. Identifying and understanding the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with infection are of paramount importance to inform screening strategies and infection control practices in this scenario. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of healthcare workers with COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: Between March 21 st and May 22 nd , 2020 a cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary university hospital in São Paulo. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers with COVID-19 symptoms was determined by RT-PCR testing on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples. Participants were asked to complete an electronic structured questionnaire including clinical and demographic data. Results: Overall, 125 (42.37%) of 295 symptomatic healthcare workers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Over the 10-week study period, positivity rates varied from 22.2% (CI 95% 15.9% - 60.3%) in the second week to 55.9% (CI 95% 43.2% - 68.6%) in the sixth week, reaching a plateau (38% - 46%) thereafter. Median (SD) age was 34.2 (9.9) years and 205 (69.5%) were female. We did not find significant differences in the prevalence of the most commonly reported underlying medical condition among healthcare workers that tested positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. After multivariate analysis, using logistic regression, anosmia (OR 4.4 95% C.I. 2.21 - 8.74) and ocular pain (OR 1.95 C.I. 95% 1.14 - 3.33) were the only symptoms independently associated with positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Follow-up information on clinical outcomes showed that 9 (7.2%) healthcare workers were hospitalized (seven were male) and 2 (1.6%) died. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirmed the high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in the hardest hit city by the pandemic in Latin America. Anosmia and ocular pain were symptoms independently associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. In low and middle-income countries, where limited availability of tests is frequent, these findings may contribute to optimize a targeted symptom-oriented screening strategy.
I decided to go back to work so I can afford to buy her formula’: a longitudinal mixed-methods study to explore how women in informal work balance the competing demands of infant feeding and working to provide for their family.
Authors: Luthuli Silondile , Haskins Lyn , Mapumulo Sphindile , Rollins Nigel , Horwood Christiane
Published: October 2020

Background: In South Africa almost 2 million women work informally. Informal work is characterised by poor job security, low earnings, and unsafe working conditions, with high rates of poverty and food insecurity. The peripartum period is a vulnerable time for many working women. This study explored how mothers navigate the tension between the need to work and needing to take care of a newborn baby, and how this affects their feeding plans and practices. Methods: A mixed methods longitudinal cohort method was employed. Informal workers were recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy during an antenatal visit at two clinics in Durban, South Africa. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and quantitative questionnaires at three time points: pre-delivery, post-delivery and after returning to work. Framework analysis was used to analyse qualitative data in NVIVO v12.4. Quantitative analysis used SPSSv26. Results: Twenty-four participants were enrolled and followed-up for a period of up to one year. Informal occupations included domestic work, home-based work, informal trading, and hairdressing, and most women earned <R3000 (US$175) per month. Participants had good knowledge of the importance of breastfeeding for child health. Most women planned to take time off work after the birth of their babies, supporting themselves during this time with the child support grant (CSG) received for older children, their savings, and support from the baby’s father and other family members. However, financial pressures forced many mothers to return to work earlier than planned, resulting in changes to infant feeding practices. Several mothers tried expressing breastmilk, but only one was able to sustain this while away from the baby. Most participants introduced formula, other foods and fluids to their babies when they returned to work or stopped breastfeeding entirely, but some were able to change their work or adapt their working hours to accommodate breastfeeding. Conclusions: Interventions are needed within the social and work environment to support mothers with breastfeeding while they continue earning an income in the informal economy. The extension of the CSG to the antenatal period could assist mothers to stay at home longer post-delivery to breastfeed their babies.