bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIELD THEORIES ON THE POINCARÉ DISK
Authors: FERRARI FRANCO
Published: October 2004

The massive scalar field theory and the chiral Schwinger model are quantized on a Poincaré disk of radius ρ. The amplitudes are derived in terms of Legendre functions. The behavior at long distances and near the boundary of some of the relevant correlation functions is studied. The exact computation of the chiral determinant appearing in the Schwinger model is obtained exploiting perturbation theory. This calculation poses interesting mathematical problems, as the Poincaré disk is a noncompact manifold with a metric tensor which diverges when it approaches the boundary. The results presented in this paper are very useful in view of possible extensions to general Riemann surfaces. Moreover, they could also shed some light in the quantization of field theories on manifolds with constant curvature scalars in higher dimensions.
TOP QUARK EFFECTS ON THE SCALAR SECTOR OF THE MINIMAL STANDARD MODEL
Authors: CVETIČ G.
Published: October 2004

We study effects of the heavy top quark (mt≈180 GeV) on the scalar sector of the minimal standard model. We construct the effective potential for the scalar doublet, by first taking into account the leading contributions of the top quark loops. Minimizing this potential gives us a condition analogous to the leading Nc gap equation of the standard [Formula: see text] condensation model (top-mode standard model). This essentially nonperturbative condition leads to a low ultraviolet cutoff [Formula: see text] in the case when the bare mass μ of the scalar doublet in the tree-level potential satisfies [Formula: see text] and the scalar doublet there is self-interacting (λ>0). We demand that the scalar self-interaction behaves perturbatively — in the sense that its one-loop contributions influence the effec-tive potential distinctly less than those of the Yukawa coupling of the heavy top quark. When we subsequently include the one-loop contributions of the scalar and the gauge bosonic sectors in a perturbative manner, the results change numerically, but the cutoff A remains [Formula: see text]. The resulting Higgs mass MH is then in the range 150–250 GeV. Furthermore, the results of the paper survive even in the case when the square of the bare mass μ2 is positive, as long as [Formula: see text], where λ/4! is the usual bare coupling parameter of the quartic self-interaction of the scalars and ν is the vacuum expectation value [Formula: see text].
SO(D+1)-INVARIANT REGULARIZATION IN D EUCLIDEAN DIMENSIONS
Authors: GASPARAKIS CHARIDIMOS
Published: October 2004

Classical conformally invariant field theories in D>2 Euclidean dimensions are written in a manifestly SO(D+1, 1)- or SO(D+1)-invariant way. In the latter case, a new regularization scheme based on expansions in terms of the [Formula: see text] Gegenbauer polynomials is developed.
TODA FIELD THEORIES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERBOLIC KAC-MOODY ALGEBRA — PAINLEVÉ PROPERTIES AND W ALGEBRAS
Authors: GEBERT REINHOLD W. , MIZOGUCHI SHUN’YA , INAMI TAKEO
Published: October 2004

We show that the Painlevé test is useful not only for probing (non)integrability but also for finding the values of spins of conserved currents (W currents) in Toda field theories (TFT’s). In the case of TFT’s based on simple Lie algebras the locations of resonances are shown to give precisely the spins of conserved W currents. We apply this test to TFT’s based strictly on hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras and show that there exist no resonance other than that at n = 2, which corresponds to the energy-momentum tensor, indicating their nonintegrability. We also check by direct calculation that there are no spin-3 or -4 conserved currents for all the hyperbolic TFT’s in agreement with the result of our Painlevé analysis.
ISOMONODROMIC DEFORMATIONS AND SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: TAKASAKI KANEHISA , NAKATSU TOSHIO
Published: October 2004

Seiberg-Witten solutions of four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories possess rich but involved integrable structures. The goal of this paper is to show that an isomonodromy problem provides a unified framework for understanding those various features of integrability. The Seiberg-Witten solution itself can be interpreted as a WKB limit of this isomonodromy problem. The origin of underlying Whitham dynamics (adiabatic deformation of an isospectral problem) too can be similarly explained by a more refined asymptotic method (multiscale analysis). The case of N = 2 SU (s) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory without matter is considered in detail for illustration. The isomonodromy problem in this case is closely related to the third Painlevé equation and its multicomponent analogs. An implicit relation to [Formula: see text] fusion of topological sigma models is thereby expected.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE HUBBLE LAW IN SCALE-DEPENDENT COSMOLOGY
Authors: KIM C.W. , SONG J. , LEE T.H.
Published: October 2004

We study some observational consequences of a recently proposed scale-dependent cosmological model for an inhomogeneous universe. In this model the universe is pictured as being inside a highly dense and rapidly expanding shell with the underdense center. For nearby objects (z≪1), the linear Hubble diagram is shown to remain valid even in this model, which has been demonstrated both analytically and numerically. For large z, we present some numerical results of the redshift luminosity distance relation and the behavior of the mass density as a function of the redshift. It is shown that the Hubble diagram in this model for a locally open universe (Ω(t0, r~0)=0.1) resembles that of the flat Friedmann cosmology. This implies that the study of the Hubble diagram cannot uniquely determine the value of q0 or Ω0. The model also accounts for the fact that Ω0 is an increasing function of the redshift.
M THEORY (THE THEORY FORMERLY KNOWN AS STRINGS)
Authors: DUFF M.J.
Published: October 2004

Superunification underwent a major paradigm shift in 1984 when eleven-dimensional supergravity was knocked off its pedestal by ten-dimensional superstrings. This last year has witnessed a new shift of equal proportions: perturbative ten-dimensional superstrings have in their turn been superseded by a new nonperturbative theory called M theory, which describes supermembranes and superfivebranes, which subsumes all five consistent string theories and whose low energy limit is, ironically, eleven-dimensional supergravity. In particular, six-dimensional string/string duality follows from membrane/fivebrane duality by compactifying M theory on S1/Z2×K3 (heterotic/heterotic duality) or S1×K3 (Type IIA/heterotic duality) or S1/Z2×T4 (heterotic/Type IIA duality) or S1×T4 (Type IIA/Type IIA duality).
EFFECTIVE COUPLING CONSTANTS IN GAUGE THEORIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Authors: SKALOZUB VLADIMIR V.
Published: October 2004

High temperature behavior of the effective gauge coupling constants, defined through the effective Lagrangians L(H, T) of strong magnetic field H=const, is investigated for a number of models. In spinor QED the well-known zero charge behavior is realized in the limit T≫(gH)1/2>μ, μ is subtraction point in the field. In scalar QED in addition to logarithmic term ~ln T/T0 describing the zero charge, the term ~T/(gH)1/2 appears and dominates at high temperatures. Similar terms are also present in the non-Abelian models and spoil asymptotic freedom of perturbative vacuum. In the latter models, the linear in T terms are resulted in the generation of classical homogeneous magnetic fields. At this background asymptotic freedom is restored.
HIGGS BOSON DECAY AND QUASI-BOUND STATES IN THE HIGGS MODEL
Authors: DI LEO LEO , DAREWYCH JURIJ W.
Published: October 2004

We calculate two-Higgs bound states (Higgsonium) as resonances in Z0−Z0 scattering using a |Z0Z0>+|h>+|hh>+|hhh>+|hhhhh> Fock-space ansatz in a Hamiltonian formalism of the Higgs model. The variational method is used to obtain coupled integral equations connecting the various channels. Reduced forms of these equations are solved analytically in the case of the Z0Z0−h channels, and numerically for the Z0Z0−hh channels for particular choices of the coupling parameters.
RADIATIVE DECAYS OF BARYONS IN A FIELD THEORETIC QUARK MODEL
Authors: PANDA A.R. , SAHOO R.K.
Published: October 2004

Radiative decays of baryons are considered in a field theoretic quark model of composite hadrons where the translationally invariant SU (6) hadron states are described by constituent quark field operators and harmonic oscillator wave functions. The constituent quark field operators of the model satisfying the equal time algebra are also Lorentz-boosted through a spin rotation to describe hadrons in motion. The model, like its earlier success in describing the different hadronic phenomena, in the present investigation without any free parameters, obtains the radiative decay widths and helicity amplitudes in reasonable agreement with other theoretical calculations as well as with the available experimental measurements.
THE “DUAL” VARIABLES OF YANG-MILLS THEORY AND LOCAL GAUGE-INVARIANT VARIABLES
Authors: GANOR ORI , SONNENSCHEIN J.
Published: October 2004

After adding auxiliary fields and integrating out the original variables, the Yang-Mills action can be expressed in terms of local gauge-invariant variables. This method reproduces the known solution of the two-dimensional SU (N) theory. In more than two dimensions the action splits into a topological part and a part proportional to αs. We demonstrate the procedure for SU (2) in three dimensions where we reproduce a gravitylike theory. We discuss the four-dimensional case as well. We use a cubic expression in the fields as a space-time metric to obtain a covariant Lagrangian. We also show how the four-dimensional SU (2) theory can be expressed in terms of a local action with six degrees of freedom only.
DUALITY SYMMETRIES IN GENERALIZED COXETER ORBIFOLDS
Authors: HATZINIKITAS A.
Published: October 2004

We derive the duality symmetries relevant to moduli-dependent gauge coupling constant threshold corrections, in generalized Coxeter ZN orbifolds. The underlying sixdimensional lattice of the heterotic string theory is not assumed to decompose into a direct sum of a four-dimensional and a two-dimensional sublattice and the point group leaves fixed a two-dimensional sublattice.
MORE ON THE LINEARIZATION OF W ALGEBRAS
Authors: KRIVONOS S. , SORIN A.
Published: October 2004

We developed the heuristic method of conformal linearization for a wide class of W (super)algebras and obtained the general formulas for corresponding conformal linearizing algebras with finite set of currents. The general constructions are illustrated by the examples of u (N) superconformal, W(sl(N), sl(2)), W(sl(N), sl(N)) as well as W(sl(N), sl(3)) algebras. The “chain” structure of embeddings for the W(sl(N), sl(N)) linearizing algebras is observed. A spectrum of central charges of u(N) superconformal, W(sl(N), sl(2)) and W(sl(N), sl(3)) minimal models is predicted.
THE OPTIMIZED EFFECTIVE POTENTIAL FOR ATOMS AND SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: BYLANDER D.M. , KLEINMAN LEONARD
Published: October 2004

Given an n-electron Hamiltonian containing a potential operator such as the Fock operator, the optimized effective potential (OEP) is that simple multiplicative potential whose n lowest eigenfunctions minimize the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. Thus it is the exact Kohn-Sham potential for that Hamiltonian. We discuss OEP calculations and the KLI approximation to it for atoms and semiconductors. Because the Fock operator treats exchange exactly, all deviations from experimental energies are attributable to the use of approximate correlation energy density functionals whose shortcomings are discussed.
QUANTUM WAVEGUIDE THEORY FOR TRIPLY CONNECTED AHARONOV–BOHM RINGS
Authors: RYU CHANG-MO , CHO SAM YOUNG , SHIN MINCHEOL , PARK KYOUNG WAN , LEE SEONGJAE , LEE EL-HANG
Published: October 2004

Quantum interference effects for a mesoscopic loop with three leads are investigated by using a one-dimensional quantum waveguide theory. The transmission and reflection probabilities are analytically obtained in terms of the magnetic flux, arm length, and wave vector. Oscillation of the magnetoconductance is explicitly demonstrated. Magnetoconductance is found to be sharply peaked for certain localized values of flux and kl. In addition, it is noticed that the periodicity of the transmission probability with respect to kl depends more sensitively on the lead position, compared to the case of the two-lead loop.
THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS
Authors: TAKAHASHI YASUSHI , UMEZAWA HIROOMI
Published: October 2004

A quantum field theory at finite temperature is presented. The temperature dependent vacuum is defined such that the vacuum expectation value agrees with the statistical average. The vacuum states with different temperature are connected by a Bogoliubov transformation. Our formalism allows the use of the Feynman diagrams for the causal Green’s function and the Bethe-Salpeter technique for bound states at finite temperature, The entropy operator is introduced.
ON THE PHONON-INDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF DISORDERED ALLOYS
Authors: ANOKHIN A.O. , KATSNELSON M.I.
Published: October 2004

A model of alloy is considered which includes both quenched disorder in the electron subsystem (“alloy” subsystem) and electron-phonon interaction. For given approximate solution for the alloy part of the problem, which is assumed to be conserving in Baym’s sense, we construct the generating functional and derive the Eliashberg-type equations which are valid to the lowest order in the adiabatic parameter. The renormalization of bare electron–phonon interaction vertices by disorder is taken into account consistently with the approximation for the alloy self-energy. For the case of exact configurational averaging the same set of equations is established within the usual T-matrix approach. We demonstrate that for any conserving approximation for the alloy part of the self-energy the Anderson’s theorem holds in the case of isotropic singlet pairing provided disorder renormalizations of the electron-phonon interaction vertices are neglected. Taking account of the disorder renormalization of the electron-phonon interaction we analyze general equations qualitatively and present the expressions for Tc for the case of weak and intermediate electron-phonon coupling. Disorder renormalizations of the logarithmic corrections to the effective coupling, which arise when the effective interaction kernel for the Cooper channel has the second energy scale, as well as the renormalization of the dilute paramagnetic impurity suppression are discussed.
BRANCH ANNIHILATION RANDOM WALKS IN ENERGETIC DISORDERED STRUCTURE AND DIRECTED POLYMER
Authors: CHOI Y.-M. , KAHNG B. , KAHNG W.-H.
Published: October 2004

The problem of the branch annihilation random walks (BAW) in energetic disordered structure is introduced and studied on the checkerboard lattice of one spatial and one temporal dimensions. The energy disorder we considered is the one used in the problem of directed polymer (DPO) at zero temperature including the external field F. The evolution rule of BAW is assigned to relate to the energy disorder. It is found that depending on the value of F, a variety of phases appear, and the crossover from the DPO state to the directed percolation (DPE) state occurs. When F > 0, the problem is reduced to the DPO problem at zero temperature. However, for F < 0, there exist three states, the inactive state for F c < F < 0, the active state for − 1 < F < F c , and the non-hopping state for F < -1, where F c is the threshold value from the inactive state to the active state. The phase transition at F c turns out to be in the DPE universality class. The robustness of the DPE universality is discussed by the Harris criterion.
Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transitions in Ferrofluid Emulsion
Authors: Zhu Yun , Ivey M.L. , Sheaffer P. , Pousset J. , Liu Jing
Published: October 2004

Two field-induced phase transition regimes are found in a ferrofluid emulsion system, which are defined by three critical fields, Hc1<HC2<Hc3. The first regime, which starts at Hc1 and finishes at Hc2, is the transition from a gas to induced Nematic liquid crystal phase. In the second regime, or Hc2<H<Hc3, induced Nematic liquid crystal transits to columnar solid structure. A phase diagram is drawn and is explained well by a scaling calculation, which gives Hc1~Φ−1/2, Hc2~Φ−1/4, and Hc3~Φγ exp (πG/Φγ/2), where Φ is the volume fraction, γ=0.172 and G=1.44.
Anisotropic Hydrodynamic Screening in Electrorheological Fluids
Authors: McLeish T.C.B.
Published: October 2004

We present an approximate calculation of the effective hydrodynamic interaction in a complex fluid of aligned strings in a solvent, an appropriate model for semi-dilute electrorheological fluids in which the string formation has not proceeded to “clumping”. Earlier results indicated that the presence of weak screening could be detected in the frequency-dependent modulus of ER fluids with field applied. This calculation supports the conclusion that weak (logarithmic) modification of the imposed fluid flow is effective for relaxation modes which couple to the transverse deformations of the strings, but that shear waves parallel to the aligned strings are much less effectively screened.
EXACT RESULTS IN STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRONS — SPIN-REFLECTION POSITIVITY AND THE PERRON-FROBENIUS THEOREM
Authors: YANAGISAWA TAKASHI , SHIMOI YUKIHIRO
Published: October 2004

This article is devoted to discuss two exact arguments in strongly-correlated electron systems: one is the method of reflection positivity in the spin space and the other is the Perron-Frobenius theorem in matrix theory. For several specific systems, we can show that the ground state is unique and we can predict the total spin of the ground state.
ONE-ELECTRON SPECTRAL WEIGHT OF DOPED MOTT INSULATORS IN GAUGE FIELD THEORY APPROACH
Authors: LEE H.C.
Published: October 2004

The electron spectral weight of doped Mott insulators based on the two-dimensional slave boson gauge field theory is studied. The vertex correction with static gauge field is calculated in the second order perturbation theory. The vertex correction is found to be singular at low energy and requires non-perturbative treatments.
DYNAMICAL FEATURES IN COARSENING SOAP FROTH: TOPOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: LEVITAN BORIS , DOMANY EYTAN
Published: October 2004

We summarize some recent developments in approximate descriptions of soap froth evolution in 2D. The questions addressed concern temporal correlations in the scaling state, characterization of transient behavior and evolution from very special initial states. We observed that for these delicate issues mean field theory fails; moreover, we found that widely accepted topological simulation methods also disagree significantly with experiments. We identified the source of these discrepancies in the manner the models select the topological rearrangement that follows a bubble’s disappearance. Properly modified topological simulations do yield agreement with experiments. Our analysis allows identification of the manner in which different aspects of the microscopic dynamics affect the long time behavior of the system.
TIGHT-BINDING MODEL FOR THE QUANTUM LADDER IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: IGUCHI KAZUMOTO
Published: October 2004

A tight-binding model is formulated for the calculation of the electronic structure and the ground state energy of the quantum ladder under a magnetic field, where the magnetic flux at the nth plaquette is given by ϕn. First, the theory is applied to obtain the electronic spectra of the quantum ladder models with particular magnetic fluxes such as uniform magnetic fluxes, ϕn=0 and 1/2, and the staggered magnetic flux, ϕn= (−1)n+1ϕ0. From these, it is found that as the effect of electron hopping between two chains—the anisotropy parameter r=ty/tx—is increased, there are a metal-semimetal transition at r=0 and a semimetal–semiconductor transition at r=2 in the first case, and metal-semiconductor transitions at r=0 in the second and third cases. These transitions are thought of as a new category of metal-insulator transition due to the hopping anisotropy of the system. Second, using the spectrum, the ground state energy is calculated in terms of the parameter r. It is found that the ground state energy in the first case diverges as r becomes arbitrarily large, while that in the second and third cases can have the single or double well structure with respect to r, where the system is stable at some critical value of r=rc and the transition between the single and double well structures is associated with whether tx is less than a critical value of txc. The latter cases are very reminiscent of physics in polyacetylene studied by Su, Schrieffer and Heeger.
SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT: DEALING WITH THE IMPEDIMENTS TO GROWTH
Authors: SIMS ROB , BREEN JOHN , ALI SHAMEEM
Published: October 2004

There is much evidence in the literature that small business growth has long been regarded as critically important for the economy and for employment growth. This paper focuses initially on an analysis of the impediments to business growth identified from the survey responses of small businesses in the western metropolitan region of Melbourne. From the survey information 25 small businesses were then selected for case study analysis to further examine the nature of impediments to growth and to examine how innovative and successful small business operators dealt with these impediments. A number of common impediments were identified, especially problems accessing finance, getting the right employee skills and the low use of support services. Analysis of the case studies yielded some insights as to:

▪ how successful small business operators deal with such impediments or obstacles to their innovation and growth;

▪ the low level of awareness and expectations small business operators generally have of the support programmes and services currently available to them;

▪ the nature of support small businesses would like to have to overcome perceived impediments to growth;

▪ strategies needed to successfully engage small businesses in support initiatives and to encourage innovation and growth.

The findings have significant implications for small business development initiatives, including the provision of management training and support for small business operators.
INHERITANCE, CHINESE FAMILY BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HONG KONG
Authors: ZHENG VICTOR
Published: October 2004

This paper focuses on the study of inheritance, Chinese family business and economic development in Hong Kong. In this study, it is found that equal inheritance can assist economic development by generating competition and capital. Equal division is a criterion for sibling comparison. Comparison generates stress and anxiety with each son trying to outdo the other. Competition is therefore galvanized. Furthermore, initial capital that is released from partition can motivate sons, who want to be free from subjugation, to start their own business. This is the origin of the self-employment mentality. Both competition and capital are crucial factors for economic development to take place. The strong desire of self-employment mentality also drives Chinese family business to develop its own type of structure: jia-zu ji-tuan [family-based consortium]. Different family members can be diversified into different businesses or professions. These businesses or professions may or may not relate to each other. However, they maintain a certain level of interconnection under the banner of the family [jia-zu] and can support each other during time of crises and difficulties. They can maintain their domination in the community from generation to generation.
CAN OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION BE TAUGHT?
Authors: SAKS NAOMI T. , GAGLIO CONNIE MARIE
Published: October 2004

The perception of market opportunities is acknowledged as a major act in the entrepreneurial process that spurs economic progress and development.

This distinctive behavior is also emerging as a central theoretical concern for the discipline. Given the acknowledged importance of opportunity identification, it follows that it should be a central topic in programs that aim to train future entrepreneurs. However, little is known about whether and how this issue is addressed in education. This study examines how entrepreneurship educator-practitioners from fourteen top masters-level entrepreneurship programs in the US conceptualize and teach the opportunity identification process. The results indicate remarkable consistency across programs regarding pedagogical content and approaches. The implications of such consistency for the future of entrepreneurship theory and practice are discussed.
THE SMALL ENTERPRISE-BANK LENDER RELATIONSHIP: FURTHER EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: TERENCE ZINGER J.
Published: October 2004

This paper explores selected aspects of the small enterprise-bank lender relationship. Using a sample of small businesses based in Northern Ontario, Canada, it is found that loan approval rates are high and very few borrowers can be classified as being disappointed with their present bank financing arrangements, The results suggest that business size, as measured by the number of full time employees, is positively associated with the level of satisfaction with bank financing arrangements, thus providing partial support for previous studies that have reported that problems between small business borrowers and their banks are more evident for the smallest ventures. In addition, this level of satisfaction is also related to the incidence of visits by the lender to the small firm's place of business. Further, it is found that the sample firms are not accessing non-bank financial institutions to the same degree as their counterparts in other regions of the country. The general implications of these results are discussed and opportunities for further research are identified.
A NETWORK APPROACH TO MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Authors: ANDERSSON SVANTE
Published: October 2004

This article is an argument in favour of the importance of having different perspectives for different situations in marketing. Since the 1990s, relationship marketing has become an accepted stream in marketing research. However, this type of marketing consists of many different perspectives. Here, the network approach is covered. Its origin and its divergence from the mainstream marketing mix approach are discussed. It is concluded that Swedish culture and context influenced the development of the network approach. However, the network view is not pertinent to all marketing situations in Sweden and the approach is also useful outside of the Swedish context. Finally, it is argued that marketing research should benefit from many different perspectives and approaches that could be applicable to different marketing situations.
THE T. EATON COMPANY LIMITED: A CASE ANALYSIS
Authors: CARMODY DANA
Published: October 2004

The T Eaton company, considered the world's first department store, was named after its founder Timothy Eaton. In 1869, it as a small dry goods business in Toronto. By 1907, at the death of its founder, it was a giant retail store, with a branch in Winnipeg, alongside a country-wide mail-order business. Innovative practices established during his time included sales for cash only and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Eaton's successors extended the Eaton empire across Canada, continuing the tradition of quality goods, prices, customer service and also fair labour practices. It became a Canadian institution.

Eaton's filed for protection from its creditors in February 1997 and once again in August 1999 (see Appendix 1 for a chronology of events) under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and the Ontario Business Corporations Act (Closings).

The restructuring that followed the first bankruptcy was only partially successful. However, it had a significantly positive impact on Eaton's operations, and seemed to turn things around. Were it not for bad economic news and misfortune in mid-to-late 1998 (CNW 3 and CNW 5), the plan might have worked.

Store-closings, employee terminations, and a huge liquidation sale followed the second bankruptcy declared in August 1999, as did the suspension of the trading of Eaton's stock (Chron). Sears Canada Inc. agreed to purchase 16 of the Eaton's stores in September 1999 (Sears 1; Material 1). These will open by the fall of 2000 (Material 2; Sears 1).

A compromise was made with Eaton's creditors (including the employees) to give them approximately $0.50 on the dollar (Olijnyk 1). A compromise was also arrived at with Eaton's shareholders whereby the latter would be given participation units in exchange for their common shares (on a one-for-one trade) (Amended; Trachuk). These participation units are to be used in a contingent and conditional settlement based upon the possible utilization of tax credits by Sears acquired as a result of Eaton's $390 million in losses since 1996 (Receivership; Amended; Trachuk). These settlement monies might or might not be realized by the former shareholders (Amended; Trachuk).

Today, Eaton's is no more. In its place are many great memories by a former generation of Canadians who used to go to the Eaton's stores to buy big things that were always of high quality. "Agnes Lunn, who was visiting [Edmonton, Calgary,] from Dartmouth, N.S., said she will miss the chain because of its trustworthiness. "If you bought something from Eaton's, you knew it was worth having, you knew it would be quality," she said (Auction)." Perhaps having six of the Eaton's stores open up this fall with the Eaton's name on them will rekindle a loyalty in a new generation of Canadians?
A PLEA FOR BIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH AS INSIGHT INTO SMALLER FIRM MARKETING THEORY GENERATION
Authors: FILLIS IAN
Published: October 2004

Much existing marketing theory of the firm fails to account for the particular behaviour of the smaller firm and, more specifically, the microenterprise. Research at the Marketing and Entrepreneurship interface has produced a range of alternative insights into smaller firm marketing and in terms of how formal models of marketing need to be altered in order to account for the practices of networking, word of mouth marketing, opportunity recognition and other entrepreneurial marketing factors. A radical rethinking of small firm marketing theory is needed, based on the joining together of existing Marketing and Entrepreneurship inter-face constructs and additional insight from other disciplines. Creativity is one of the central components of the Marketing and Entrepreneurship interface, giving the smaller firm competitive advantage in the marketplace. This paper examines evidence of creative, entrepreneurial marketing from a biographical perspective by focusing on the behaviour of the risk taking artist. By adopting a little used methodology in small firm research, this gives fresh insight and informs small firm marketing theory and practice.
MOTIVATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SMEs IN VIETNAM
Authors: SWIERCZEK FREDRIC WILLIAM , THAI THANH HA
Published: October 2004

This study presents an exploratory investigation of SME entrepreneurs in Vietnam to understand the relationship between their motivation for entrepreneurship, the Entrepreneurial Orientation and their firm's perceived performance. A survey of 306 Vietnamese entrepreneurs was conducted in face-to-face interviews. LISREL path analysis was used to test the hypotheses related to a conceptual model. The findings of this research show that SME owners in Vietnam are more motivated by challenge and achievement than the necessity for a career and economic security. The motivation of Vietnamese entrepreneurs is positively correlated to the Entrepreneurial Orientation. Vietnamese SME owners emphasize a short-term approach based on Net Profit rather than Business Growth. The findings indicate the development of an emerging entrepreneurial culture in Vietnam similar to that of other entrepreneurial countries.
ENTERPRISE ACTION FOR THE COMMON GOOD: MARKET LIMITATIONS AS STRATEGIC PROBLEMS
Authors: SINGER ALAN E.
Published: October 2004

Many companies have attempted to lead ethically, by example, yet have nonetheless operated quite uncritically within the global market, despite that systems' known limitations. As a result, corporate communications that refer to the "common good" often lack credibility. At the present time, appeals of this type are especially open to skepticism and scrutiny. Accordingly, a conceptual framework is proposed for augmenting enterprise strategies and communications in several ways, but particularly at the level of politics and ideology. The application of the framework is illustrated, with reference to a well-known profitable Japanese company that also has an expressed social and environmental mission. Related cultural issues are then discussed.
OUTSOURCING INTENSITY, STRATEGY, AND GROWTH IN ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS
Authors: ARBAUGH J. B.
Published: October 2004

This study examines the relationship between outsourcing practices, firm strategy and growth in SMEs. The sample for this study was the Entrepreneur of the Year (EOY) database co-developed by the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership and Ernst & Young. I found that while 83% of the firms engaged in some outsourcing practice, 71.5% of the firms outsourced three or fewer activities. Differing activities were significantly associated with growth depending on whether firm growth was measured in relative or absolute terms, suggesting that outsourcing preferences may be highly influenced by firm size. The results of this study suggest that while outsourcing is commonly practiced among high-performing SMEs, it is generally done to allow the firm to focus on its core activities rather than directly supporting their growth strategies.
FAMILY ENTERPRISES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF SLOVENIA
Authors: DUH MOJCA
Published: October 2004

Family SMEs represent an important share in the structure of all enterprises world-wide. In Slovenia, until recently we did not have at our disposal data or leastwise estimates on the share of the family enterprises as insufficient attention was devoted to their investigation. However, if we proceed from the fact that in Slovenia, especially in the 1990s, the number of SMEs has dramatically increased, it can be assumed that family enterprises also present a significant factor of the economic development in Slovenia. In the years 1998 and 1999 we carried out the first broad research on family enterprises in Slovenia (on the case of one region). The results of this empirical research confirmed that family SMEs present an important share in the structure of all enterprises in the region and therefore present an important factor of the development of this region and of Slovenia.
HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS MOVE ENTREPRENEURS INTO GLOBAL MARKETS
Authors: CHRISTIE MICHAEL J. , ROWE PATRICIA A. , KOROGLU RANA S.
Published: October 2004

In this period of globalization, little is known of the democratic action of entrepreneurs to collaborate through the industry association to achieve competitive advantage. This paper conceptualizes a theoretical model that clarifies the variations in both trust and power-dependence of institutional structures to achieve global trade for entrepreneurs. The research investigates the relationship between an industry association's innovation process and the organizational structuring of enterprise development activities to achieve competitive advantage. An outline of a typology of industry association structures and trust is examined through case studies that explain the variations in their capacity to implement innovative actions.
IMPROVING DATA AVAILABILITY USING HYBRID REPLICATION TECHNIQUE IN PEER-TO-PEER ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: MUSTAFA M. D. , NATHRAH B. , SUZURI M. H. , ABU OSMAN M. T.
Published: October 2004

Replication is an important technique in peer-to-peer environment, where it increases data availability and accessibility to users despite site or communication failure. However, determining the number of replication and where to replicate the data are the major issues. This paper proposes a hybrid replication model for fixed and mobile network in order to achieve high data availability. For the fixed network, a data will be replicated synchronously in a diagonal manner of logical grid structure, while for the mobile network, a data will be replicated asynchronously based on commonly visited sites for each user. In comparison to the previous techniques, diagonal replication technique (DRG) on fixed network requires lower communication cost for an operation, while providing higher data availability, which is preferred for large systems.
Evaluating a polynomial and its reverse
Authors: van Leeuwen Jan
Published: October 2004

The reverse of an n
th
degree polynomial p(x) is rev(p) (x) = x
n
p(x
-1
). We show that one can evaluate p and rev(p) in only n+0(log n) multiplications modulo {x
-1
}. The method uses an algorithm to evaluate reciprocal polynomials of degree n in only [n/2] + 1 +
l
([n/2]) multiplications modulo {x
-1
}, where
l
(k) denotes the length of a shortest addition chain for k.
SQL_ArmAda: an Ada-appropriate interface to SQL
Authors: Baer Dieter , Sun Klaus , Treff Leon
Published: October 2004

The use of the programming language Ada for the development of commercial applications largely depends on the availability of interfaces to database and interactive communication systems. This paper introduces an interface from Ada to the database language SQL. The approach taken in this paper is different from that taken in the interface definition Ada/SQL which is proposed as a binding of the ANSI standard database language SQL. This interface is defined as an Ada package with nested generic packages and generic subprograms, an d presents a complete model of the interface in an Ada application. A small but complete example explains the use of the interface in an Ada application. It also demonstrates that the interface is well suited for use by Ada programmers who are not database and SQL experts.
Digital voice communication over digital radio links
Authors: Minoli Daniel
Published: October 2004

Because of perceived benefits digital voice techniques and corresponding network architectures are receiving considerable attention. Parallel to these developments, packet radio technology is emerging as an efficient and secure way to transmit computer data. Major synergistic benefits can be obtained by superimposing the two systems. In this paper we develop a model for end-to-end packet delay through the network, and we obtain general network implications for packet voice communication over a packet radio system.
Design of decision support systems
Authors: Moore Jeffery H. , Chang Michael G.
Published: October 2004

This paper focuses on design difficulties encountered in the implementation of effective DSS. The key point is that the standard MIS development life-cycle approach is dysfunctional in a DSS design setting. Four major ideas are introduced: system/problem migration, subset evolution, soft/hard capabilities, and weak/strong design process.
End-user prototyping
Authors: Pliskin Nava , Shoval Peretz
Published: October 2004

An accepted assumption underlying application development is that the user is naive, with little understanding of data processing. All the methods for handling the information system development process, from structured analysis to prototyping, have in common a concern with user/developer communication, yet always under the assumption that users are alike in their capacity to understand data processing.This paper proposes to examine this preconception of the user. With the prevalence of end-user computing, users should no longer be considered universally ignorant of information systems. Moreover, sophisticated information center veterans, as well as microcomputer users, can and do contribute to system development. They are capable of preliminary experimentation with system requirements, in particular those related to user interface. Thus, the concept of end-user prototyping is developed and demonstrated, presenting information systems professionals with an opportunity to profit from enhanced user sophistication.
Mis research directions
Authors: Teng James T. C. , Galletta Dennis F.
Published: October 2004

Several studies have addressed important issues for MIS research, but until now no empirical studies have been conducted to assess how MIS researchers themselves view the relatively new field. This survey of 397 MIS researchers revealed preferences for research methods and current areas of concentration, current studies being conducted, publication history, and other factors of interest. It found the subjects' assessment of the quality of MIS research relatively low and that they feel there is an over-emphasis on transient topics, rather than on topics of lasting significance. There is continuing evidence of fragmentation in the field. Few MIS researchers appear to rely on research frameworks. However, there is overall optimism that the quality of MIS research has been improving, and will continue to improve in the future. Implications for the future of MIS research are then discussed.
Structured analysis and object-oriented development are not compatible
Authors: Firesmith Donald
Published: October 2004

Since its introduction in 1978, traditional Structured Analysis has been an industry standar d method for software requirements analysis that is supported by numerous CASE tools. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, various forms of Object-Oriented Development (OOD) have also become the preferred approach for the design and coding of Ada software. More recently, OOD has included various forms of Object-Oriented Requirements Analysis. OOD has therefor e come into direct competition with Structured Analysis. While some methodologists have advocated retaining Structured Analysis and have worked to merge the two paradigms, others have pointed out significant disadvantages of combining them and urge the use of a unifie d object-oriented paradigm throughout all development activities. A recent article published in Ada Letters by Ken Shumate [SH 1991] is illustrative of this controversy and has prompted this reply.It is the thesis of this paper that traditional Structured Analysis, even when modified for real-tim e systems, is a technically obsolete way to specify software requirements, and that Structure d Analysis and Object-Oriented Development are fundamentally incompatible and unnecessarily difficult for software engineers to combine effectively.
Object-oriented programming in Ada83—genericity rehabilitated
Authors: Baker Henry G.
Published: October 2004

A scheme for single-inheritance object-oriented programming in Ada83 is presented in which man y methods are determined at compile time using "generic" subprogram overloading. Unlike previous schemes for object-oriented programming in Ada83, which rely exclusively on derived types fo r inheritance, our scheme utilizes both derived types and generic units, and hence is more powerful. In particular, inheritance schemes based on derived types cannot handle the C++ concept o f "virtual function", while our scheme determines many of these methods at compile time. Our results call into question Bertrand Meyer's conclusions regarding the weakness of generic units.
Real-time threads
Authors: Schwan Karsten , Zhou Hongyi , Gheith Ahmed
Published: October 2004

Portability is an important attribute of real-time operating systems because their target hardware environments routinely vary from special purpose processors to parallel machines to distributed execution environments. In this paper, we address the issue of operating systems portability by development of a
real-time threads package
based on the Mach cthreads interface. Real-time threads have been implemented on standard Unix platforms and on a 32-node BBN Butterfly multiprocessor. In contrast to cthreads, the schedulability of real-time threads may be determined dynamically at the time of threads creation. In addition, any scheduling guarantees made at thread creation time are maintained when threads communicate or cooperate using the package's other primitives.
An integration of network communication with workstation architecture
Authors: Finn Gregory G.
Published: October 2004

A workstation may be thought of as a group of cooperatively connected subsystems. Point--to--point channels may be used to create a small--scale Gigabit LAN to which these subsystems are attached as nodes. The architectural focus of such a workstation shifts towards its internal LAN. An attractive attribute of this LAN is that its aggregate capacity scales linearly with the number of nodes attached to it.If the link--layer of the internal LAN is made equivalent to the link--layer of the external LAN, interior nodes become directly accessible externally. Except for latency the distinction between whether a node is inside a workstation versus outside it need not be significant. This property is particularly attractive for distributed communication--intensive applications.
VAR analysis
Authors: Liang Ting-Peng , Tang Ming-Je
Published: October 2004

Recently, strategic implications of information technology have attracted much attention. Many successful applications have been analyzed and frameworks have been developed to help firms identify opportunities for applying strategic information systems (SIS). However, little research has studied how these strategic opportunities can be evaluated. Previous applications of SIS have indicated that competitive advantages are not guaranteed and risks always exist. Hence, for a firm pursuing strategic uses of information technology, careful evaluation of potential opportunities before their implementation is crucial. In this article we present a competition-oriented approach to analyzing potential competitive advantages. This approach enhances the traditional cost-benefit analysis to fit the need for evaluating SIS. It consists of three major modules: value analysis, advantage analysis, and risk analysis. An example showing how a project having negative net present values can become feasible in VAR analysis is illustrated.
Research in MIS—points of work and reference
Authors: Cheon Myun J. , Choong  , Lee C. , Grover Varun
Published: October 2004

This study replicates and extends Culnan and Swanson's study (1986) of bibliographic citations in MIS and its foundational fields in order to assess the emergence of MIS as a distinct discipline. Academic researchers, particularly those endeavoring to make advances in knowledge which build upon prior research, benefit by being able to recognize cumulative research traditions. Progress toward building and MIS identity and cumulative research tradition is measured through statistical analyses of reference patterns during the past decade in ten selected journals. Four hypotheses are tested which reveal that although MIS is still less established than its referent disciplines, maturation has occurred through systematic knowledge development and the existence of a cumulative body of research.
Observing TCP dynamics in real networks
Authors: Mogul Jeffrey C.
Published: October 2004

The behavior of the TCP protocol in simple situations is well-understood, but when multiple connections share a set of network resources the protocol can exhibit surprising phenomena. Earlier studies have identified several such phenomena, and have analyzed them using simulation or observation of contrived situations. This paper shows how, by analyzing traces of a busy segment of the Internet, it is possible to observe these pheonomena in “real life” and measure both their frequency and their effects on performance. A TCP implementation might use similar techniques to support rate-based congestion control.
Experience with causally and totally ordered communication support
Authors: Cooper Robert
Published: October 2004

We here at Cattox Labs have been greatly influenced by Cheriton and Skeen's recent paper [1]; so influenced, in fact, that although previous versions of our Cattox Programmers Toolkit contained both causally and totally ordered multicast, we decided to remove them. This paper describes our experience. If you haven't already done so you should read their paper now.