bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Working Temperature in Wind Turbine Bearings by Simulation of Lubricant Level
Authors: Feliciano Yorley Arbella , Varela Carlos A. Trinchet , Guativas Javier A. Vargas , Lorente-Leyva Leandro L. , Peluffo-Ordóñez Diego H.
Published: March 2021

After studies related to the technical state and behavior of the temperatures manifested by the bearings of the generators that make up the Goldwind wind turbines models S50-750, installed in the Gibara II Wind Farm (PE). It was identified and validated as a tool that enables early diagnosis of anomalous bearing behaviors, SolidWorks (SW) computer-aided design and engineering software (CAD-CAE) and the Flow Simulation add-on. Since it allows studies based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), of the temperatures that are manifested in the lubricant during the different working regimes of the generator. The studies carried out evaluated the environmental conditions of exploitation in Cuba. It works on obtaining and predicting the values of the thermal state using the principles and methods for the calculation of heat transfer, the forecast statistics apply. The research supports its theories and postulates in a sample of 6 installed equipment, from China, for it had a historical database that collects temperature measurements in different working conditions which allowed to establish correlation between theoretical predictions and real behaviors.
Attenuation of Docetaxel-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HEK 293 Human Embryonic Kidney Cells by Curcumin Treatment
Authors: İLHAN Süleyman
Published: March 2021

Docetaxel (DOC) is a chemotherapeutic that induces microtubule stabilization. It is often used in breast, prostate, lung and gastric cancers but severe side effects such as cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity limit its usage. Curcumin (CUR), a natural bioactive compound derived from turmeric. Here, the possible preventive effect of CUR against DOC-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis on HEK-293 immortalized human embryonic kidney cells. Viability was assessed via MTT assay. The generation of ROS was measured by CM-H2DCFDA dye. Phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase 3/7 activity were used to measure apoptosis. CUR pretreatment remarkably inhibited DOC-induced cell viability reduction, ROS generation, and cell apoptosis in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, this study revealed that CUR pretreatment decreased the caspase-3 activity. Thus, this study highlights the novel pharmacological mechanisms of CUR and understanding the detailed mechanisms of CUR action could lead to novel renoprotective interventions.
Boole approximation method with residual error function to solve linear Volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: ERDEM BİÇER Kübra , DAĞ Hale Gül
Published: March 2021

In this study, a numerical method is developed for the approximate solution of the linear Volterra integro-differential equations. This method is based Boole polynomial, its

derivatives and the collocation points. The aim is to reduce the given problem, as the linear algebraic equation, to the matrix equation. This matrix equation is solved using Boole collocation points. As a result, the approximate solution is obtained in the truncated Boole series in the interval [a,b]. The exact solution and the approximate solution are included in the study. Also, the error analysis and residual correction calculations are performed in the study. The results have been obtained by using computer program MATLAB.
The evolution of women’s sports career in the context of economic modernization in Russia: Factors and trends
Authors:   Saratov State University, Rykova Inna I.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the features of the evolution of women’s sports career from the ideology of sports in the USSR up to the modern realities of the Russian Federation. The pattern of the state support and motivation of the population to go in for sports were traced. The main attention was paid to the factors and conditions that determine the transition from the traditional type of career to a number of transitional forms that are taking hold in today’s difficult conditions of economic modernization of Russian society.
Building Capacity: HEED Slills Audit and Recommendations
Authors: Halford Alison
Published: March 2021

This report aims to explore how HEED approached and delivered capacity building for the research team, project partners and the communities the team worked within Rwanda and Nepal. This report's purpose is threefold: first, to be evidential on how HEED planned, delivered and captured impact around capacity building so similar projects can develop best practice when skills development is a key deliverable. Second, to encourage other energy projects to document the impact produced by researchers and practitioners' involvement while working with communities. Therefore, to recognise the tacit and dynamic aspects of knowledge production, not only the more explicit aspects. Third, suggest recommendations to support a skills-led approach to capacity building that provides personal and professional development opportunities to deepen knowledge production and impact.
Genetic characterization of clinical Klebsiella isolates circulating in Novosibirsk
Authors: Bardasheva A. V. , Fomenko N. V. , Kalymbetova T. V. , Babkin I. V. , Chretien S. O. , Zhirakovskaya E. V. , Tikunova N. V. , Morozova V. V.
Published: March 2021

72 clinical strains ofKlebsiellaspp. isolated from samples obtained from humans in Novosibirsk, Russia, were analyzed. Species identification of strains was performed using 16S rRNA andrpoBgene sequences. It was revealed thatKlebsiella pneumoniaestrains were dominant in the population (57 strains), while the remaining 15 strains wereK. grimontii,K. aerogenes,K. oxytocaandK. quasipneumoniae. By molecular serotyping using thewzigene sequence,K. pneumoniaestrains were assigned to twenty-one K-serotypes with a high proportion of virulent K1- and K2-serotypes. It was found thatK. pneumoniaestrains isolated from the hospitalized patients had a higher resistance to antibiotics compared to the otherKlebsiellaspecies. Real-time PCR revealed that the population contained genes of theblaSHV,blaTEM,blaCTXfamilies and theblaOXA-48gene, which are the genetic determinants of beta-lactam resistance. It has been shown that the presence of theblaCTXsequence correlated with the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and phenotypic resistance to car-bapenems is due to the presence of theblaOXA-48gene. At the same time, the carbapenemase genesvim,ndm,kpc,impwere not detected. Among the aminoglycoside resistance genes studied, theaph(6)-IdandaadAgenes were found, but their presence did not always coincide with phenotypic resistance. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in the vast majority of strains was accompanied by the presence of theaac(6’)-IB-cr,oqxA,oqxB,qnrB, andqnrSgenes in various combinations, while the presence of theoqxAand/oroqxBgenes alone did not correlate with resistance to fluoroquinolones. Thus, the detection ofblaCTXandblaOXA-48can be used to quickly predict the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and to determine the resistance ofKlebsiellato carbapenems. The detection of theaac(6’)-Ib-crand/orqnrB/qnrSgenes can be used to quickly determine resistance to fluoroquinolones.
Model organizacji życia zbiorowego a więzi wspólnotowe
Authors: Rosół Adam
Published: March 2021

Human social life goes in frame of organized social wholes. Those wholes, according to Norbert Elias proposition, we can call social units of survival. Character of indicated wholes was changing together with the development of humanity. In the beginning survival was assured in a group of closely related individuals. Later on the same function performed different forms of state organization. Some claim today that today such a survival unit is or will be the whole humanity. In a group of relatives members were connected with personal bonds. In a structure of identity dominating character had we-identity. Along with the development raises also the role of bonds connected with associations, which were established to realize various goals and social identity becomes more and more I-identity. As rightly noticed Ralf Dahrendorf – collective character of human species requires community bonds, which are necessary to realize fulfilling life. Then it is a matter worth reflection the relation between changing models of organiazation of collective life and their ability to provide satisfying community bonds. Some manners of organization the community life are more and some are less favourable to preservation of community bonds. Especially threatening for this preservation are organization models of community life, which are extremely collectivistic or individualistic. For a preservation of appropriate community bonds there is a need for such a model of social life, in which individual and group actors will find, in a given space of security and resistance, field to practise autonomic individual and group behaviours.
Działania organizacji społecznych wobec osób biednych i wykluczonych społecznie – odbudowywanie czy tworzenie sieci społecznych
Authors: Górniak Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

Social/non-governmental organizations are one of important social actors operating in the field of poverty and social exclusion and taking active part in the discourse pertaining to these issues. Traditionally they are expected to undertake actions that support and facilitate „getting out of poverty”, including rebuilding social ties. Therefore, the purpose of my paper is to examine how contemporary non-governmental organizations see their own role in the context of constructing definitions of poverty and exclusion, in particular in relation to the task of equipping the beneficiaries of their activities with this important capital of ties and social relations. I analyze the extent to which this role is defined as a particular interface connecting the poor with the society and its networks, opening them up to new challenges and experience, rebuilding the world of belonging (ties), and how much it is perceived as an independent system that offers alternative solutions and rules of the game, creating its own social network, which in consequence can result in rendering the social ties/networks a barrier to the process of inclusion. Niklas Luhmann’s perspective and structure of analytical categories will be helpful in responding to these questions. It will allow me to describe the mechanisms of reconstructing and/or forming social ties within the framework of action of social organizations.
Kim jest polski NEET?
Authors: Serafin-Juszczak Blanka
Published: March 2021

The phenomenon of NEET (not in employment, education or training), which was developed in the European Union, has not been comprehensively investigated in Poland. This problem concerns the situation of young people outside the employment sphere and the sphere of education, which makes them particularly vulnerable to social exclusion. Different rates of young people in the labour market, particularly the unemployment rate, according to the European Union proved to be insufficient. In most countries the scale of NEET is not marginal and there are always variations within a given country. But there are also some additional difficulties in NEET analysis such as different legal conditions between Polish and other EU countries concerning the compulsory education or other forms of obligatory learning and heterogeneity of the age categories. This article concerns the initial characteristics of the NEET category in Poland in comparison to the European Union.
Changes in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the organic matter of the chernozems of the Kamennaya Steppe
Authors: Matveeva N. V. , Milanovsky E. Yu. , Rogova O. B.
Published: March 2021

Soil samples and physical size-density fractions isolated from them (silt particle size less than 1 µm, light fraction (LF) with a density of less than 2 g/cm3 and a fraction of the residue) of ordinary chernozem were studied in three contrasting variants of the experimental fields of the Kamennaya Steppe agrolandscape of the Voronezh region: mowed steppe, long-term permanent bare fallow and permanent corn – the main differences of which are in tillage (cultivated and not cultivated lands) and in the supply/absence of plant residues and root secretions. The LF content changes in the series: “mowed steppe” > “permanent corn” > “permanent bare fallow”, which corresponds to the direction of changes in the total carbon content of the soil and a decrease in the value of the contact angle of wetting (CA) of the surface of the solid phase of the studied chernozems. The determination of the total C and N content revealed the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the size-density fractions for different land use cases. Chromatographic fractionation of alkaline extractions of humus substances (HS) of chernozem samples and size-density fractions revealed an increase in the degree of hydrophilicity of HS while simultaneously increasing the hydrophobicity of the solid phase surface and the carbon content in the soil. HS of LF of the “mowed steppe” turned out to be by 63% more hydrophilic than HS of LF of “permanent bare fallow” and by 47% more hydrophilic than HS of LF of “permanent corn”. While the hydrophilicity of the HS silt differed by 16 and 27%, respectively. The hydrophilicity of the HS of the original soil in the plot of the “mowed steppe” was by 41% higher than the hydrophilicity of the HS in the soil in the plot of “permanent bare fallow” and by 24% higher than in the soil of the plot of “permanent corn”. In addition, changes in the hydrophilicity of HS of size-density fractions are more intense than the HS of the soil, so the change in the degree of hydrophilicity of HS of size-density fractions is an indicator of soil degradation under different agrogenic pressue.
El texto literario como corpus lingüístico: fraseología en novelas de García Márquez
Authors: Ciro Lirian Astrid
Published: March 2021

Presentar y clasificar algunas Unidades Fraseológicas Fijas, halladas en novelas de Gabriel García Márquez, es el propósito en este artículo. La metodología propuesta comprende la lectura detallada, el análisis y la recolección del corpus fraseológico en algunas novelas del autor, así como la confrontación de dicho corpus con diccionarios monolingües y fraseológicos del español general, y diccionarios de colombianismos, para determinar factores semánticos y pragmáticos de estas unidades. Como resultado se elaboró un listado de fraseologismos presentes en la obra del escritor colombiano, lo que permite observar que la novelística de García Márquez es una valiosa fuente de expresiones fraseológicas. Se concluye que la obra literaria, tomada como corpus lingüístico, ofrece posibilidades para estudiar los recursos expresivos de la lengua en uso; de ahí, la pertinencia de este análisis, por cuanto los estudios de fraseología en la literatura son un campo de investigación fecundo, que requieren mayor exploración en obras colombianas.
فقه المصائب والبلايا : (نظرات وحكم في تمكين الأمة وتنظيمها على ضوء النصوص الشرعية)
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: March 2021

The God creates the whole world with laws, design and law of nature that cannot be replaced until the end of this world. Some of the laws are the existence of disasters that is surely given to all human beings and all creatures in this world. It is arranged by the Al-Mighty himself and it becomes the sixth pile of IMAN.  It is also known as believing to the faith, either the good one or the bad one which is suitable with their own portion. This writing is trying to describe deeply and dig about the Fiqh of disasters, in the context of reading the implicit or explicit theorems, as the base and reference in seeing the God’s rule on Earth and as the form of implementation of our believing to the faith that can be done with maximum effort to be a good human being who realizes his function as Khalifah. The last destination is to make people strong and realize about the unity as the strength of Moslems. All the perspectives are framed in the Syariah textuality which comes from Revelation.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i1.586
PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM MELALUI KONSEP AL-TA’WÎL NASHR HAMID ABU ZAYD
Authors: Rijal Akh. Syaiful
Published: March 2021

Abu Zayd reconstruct the concept of texts with linguistic approach (al-manhaj al-tahlîl al-lughawî) in the broadest sense, including hermeneutics and semeotics. For Abu Zayd, ta’wîl different tafsir. He looked ta'wil as productive and objective reading as opposed to talwin, which tendentious reading-ideological (qirâ'ah mughridah aydulûjiyyah). The implications of understanding ta'wil of Abu Zayd are: First, there is something missing in understanding the text of the Qur’an, the awareness of the historicity of religious texts, that he is the text linguistics and that language is a social and cultural product. Second, put the text in the context of the Qur'an as a whole. By doing this Abu Zayd hope that the "unspeakable" (implicit) can be disclosed. Therefore, Abu Zayd borrow distinction adil-dhahir about mabda' (principle), qâ'idah (rules), and hukm (law). Qâ'idah is the derivation of Mabda’ and must not conflict with it. Hukm can not be qâ'idah let alone be mabda'. Hukm is specific events and relative. Third, Abu Zayd suggested to a renewal of Islamic law based on the distinction of adil dhahir.
PROBLEM PRAKTIK KHURÛJ BAGI ANGGOTA JAMA`AH TABLIGH DI MADURA
Authors: Lailatus Siyami Faiqoh Bahjah , Musawwamah Siti
Published: March 2021

Khurûj is one of the teachings which is tightly attached to Jama`ah Tabligh that ordered all its followers to go out of the district/area to spread amr al-ma`rûf nahy al-munkar in a certain time. The main problem is when the khurûj obligation is faced to Family obligation. Those obligations can create problems when the member of the Jama`ah Tabligh cannot make the obligation to the family and the khurûj obligation balance. One of the examples is the divorce of the member of the Jama`ah Tabligh. The reason of the divorce is because the lack of living cost when the husband did the khurûj. To fulfill it, the wife gets debt from other people and she cannot pay it off. Doing the khurûj is an activity of Jama`ah Tabligh, where a member will be stated as a legal member when he has joined the khurûj. Khurûj concept in its application is devided into 3 phases. The First is 3 days in a month; the second is 40 days in a year, and the last is 4 months in a lifetime. But the theory of the counting is using unknown and unclear base either from Al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah or any other methods of dakwah that applied by Rasulullah. While Jama`ah Tabligh uses Saying from Al-Qur’an as theoretical foundation about khurûj, that is the word “ukhrijat” containing in QS. Ali Imran (3): 110
MEMBEDAH MUSNAD AL-HUMAYDÎ: SALAH SATU MUSNAD HADITS TERTUA
Authors: Affani Syukron
Published: March 2021

Al-Humaydî is one of the figures of hadist from Mecca area. He belongs to the main generation as the follower of tâbi`în who lived and gathered with one of the chiefs of fiqh Madzhab, which is Muhammad bin Idris al-Syâfi’î. Thus, al-Humaydî belongs to the earliest ulama of madzhab Syâfi’î. In the knowledge of Hadist, al-Humaydî and his Musnad book becomes the part of the early musnad kitab even earlier than the most popular musnad book by Ahmad bin Hanbal. Although musnad book of al-Humaydî is not the most popular book but this book belongs to the most important musnad Hadist book. Al-Bukhârî as a popular Mukharrij takes Hadist from al-Humaydî with least corrections. Al-Humaydî is the teacher of al-Bukhârî in Hadist and also for fiqh. This proves that the figure of al-Humaydî as the reader of hadist is believable. But, not all the Hadist in the musnad al-Humaydî is shahîh/true. Some of the munqathi’ Hadist which is told by al-Humaydî and al-Bukhârî knew this. This writing is trying to partly introduce and give some notes of al-Humaydî and his musnad. Therefore we will know one of the ancient Hadist books and know the figures of the one who arrange and understand the musnad Hadist book. Kata Kunci:Al-Humaydî , Musnad, Hadits, al-Bukhârî
MEANING OF PROPOSING DIVORCE IN TUBAN REGENCY OF EAST JAVA (Matrilocal Residence in Proposing Divorce)
Authors: Na`mah Ulin
Published: March 2021

The availability of nafkah (money given by husband to his wife for household expenses) in family life often becomes a source of conflict. Moreover, nafkah often becomes a reason for husband and wife for divorce. This is due to the obligation for providing nafkah is relied on husband (man) rather than wife (woman). Yet, on the one hand, “nafkah relied on husband” is often used by husband to powerfully control over his wife. On the other hand, in a culture of matrilocal residence (in wife’s home with her parents), “nafkah relied on husband” can be also used by wife to powerfully control her husband  and this becomes a means for woman to subordinate and oppress her husband. Furthemore, for both husband or wife, “nafkah relied on husband” may often becomes a trigger to divorce. Therefore, it is important to redefine such strict division of gender role and contextually give more priority to equality in gender role in households life.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reserved DOI : 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.715
IMPLIKASI PERDEBATAN TENTANG BASMALAH ATAS KEMUTAWATIRAN AL-QUR`AN
Authors: Zahid Mohammad
Published: March 2021

The ulama agreed that the inclusion of all sentences in the Qur`an must be based on riwâyat which is mutawâtir, so the truth can be guaranteed (qath`î wurûd âyi al-Qur'ân). It also happened to the word basmalah which always comes in the beginning of the Surah. Therefore, Maliki school refused to state that basmalah as the Qur`an’s sentence, because of the existence of some riwâyat ahâd which informed two different things: it is a part of the Qur`an and it is not.  Actually riwâyat ahâd cannot be used to include a text to be a sentence of the Qur`an or to refuse it. While the majority of ulama’s point of view is not only based on some ahâd histories which stated that basmalah is a sentence of the Qur`an. The history facts in the process of jam`u al-Qur'ân (the gathering of the Qur`an) from the era of the prophet/Rasulullah, the year of Abû Bakr to the standardization of the Qur`an in the year of Utsmân bin `Affân confirmed that the companions of the prophets would never include or refuse a sentence, if it was only based on the ahâd history although its quality was shahîh. Therefore, the determination of the word of basmalah as a statement of the Qur`an, should not be based on the ahâd history only, but also supported with ijmâ` of the companions to the existence of Mushhaf Utsmânî or which is known as the source of history of mutawâtir `amalî.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.721
MANAGEMENT OF ABANDONED LAND IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW AND NATIONAL LAW OF LAND
Authors: . Ridwan
Published: March 2021

Abstract:This article is aimed at showing that land has not only economic values, but also social values. Abandoning land indicates ignorance to both values and is against legal norms, both religious and state norms in Indonesia. The consequence of abandoning land by the owner, either in Islamic or national law perspective, will result in the banning of the rights of its possession by the state who has the authority to manage the use of land for social welfare. This article proves that both Islamic and national laws have a similarity in the basic law aspect, that land should have social and economic functions. The state has the juridical authority to ensure that land is used for social welfare, including assuring that there is no land abandoned by its owner. Abstrak:Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah di samping bernilai ekonomis, juga memiliki nilai sosial. Penelantaran tanah menunjukkan, selain adanya pengabaian terhadap kedua nilai tersebut, juga bertentangan dengan norma hukum, baik hukum Islam maupun hukum positif Indonesia. Konsekuensi penelantaran tanah yang dilakukan oleh pemilik tanah baik menurut hukum Islam maupun hukum nasional mengakibatkan pemerintah sebagai pemilik otoritas memiliki kewenangan untuk menarik kembali dan menjadikan tanah tersebut untuk kemaslahatan sosial. Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa antara hukum Islam dan hukum nasional memiliki kesamaan pada aspek hukum asas bahwa tanah harus memiliki fungsi sosial. Negara memiliki otoritas untuk memastikan bahwa tanah harus bias menjalankan fungsi kemaslahatan sosial termasuk menjamin tidak adanya tanah yang ditelantarkan oleh pemiliknya.
Customary Practices of Sharing Inheritance: An Analysis of Society Practices in Pidie Aceh Darussalam
Authors: Muzana Zaitun , Sulong Jasni Bin , Ismail Faisal Husen
Published: March 2021

Handling inheritance from a deceased person is one of important matters that must be performed by the surviving heirs. However, the practice varies in communities, especially in areas affected by customary practices. The wealth of inheritance from the deceased is not only used as payment of funeral expenses and to be distributed to the heirs, but also used for the purpose of fidyah (compensation) for prayers left and others set in indigenous communities. The issue of tradition is important to study and clarify to society because it is not recognized in Islamic teachings and can even lead to diminishing the rights of others. Thus, this study aims to examine the extent of customary practices would affect the principle of inheritance distribution in the society of Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia.
Moderasi Hukum Islam dalam Pemikiran Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi
Authors: Dahlan Moh
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the paradigm of moderate ijtihad by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi and moderation discourse of Islamic law that was built by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi. This study used the approach is the thought of Milton K. Munitz. This study showed that the paradigm of moderate ijtihad that built by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi should not be based on the texts of Islamic law only, but also to be devout and clear thinking, honest, and sincere. In this way, the moderation  of Islamic law discourse that resulted will bear the legal system that is inclusive and accommodated to the dynamics of human life. Islamic legal discourse that has a balance and fairness in enforcement at the empirical level
MUI dan Nalar Fatwa-fatwa Eksklusif
Authors: Iswahyudi .
Published: March 2021

The Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) as a religious organization which is established by the state should be as guardiance for indonesian plurality. One plurality is various Muslims. This article explains that many MUI fatwas produced exclusively. Those fatwas can bring out a radicalism behavior. Those fatwas such the fatwa on Syi’ah, Ahmadiyah and pluralism-liberalism-secularism. This article shows a lot of data about radicalism with the justification of those fatwas. According to the authors, the MUI fatwas lead to exclusivism. As the reason, the using of baya>ni> epistemology which is evidenced by the revelation understanding textually, then exploration of subordinated sense; the using of deductive logic and kalam argument and mas}lah}at theocentric reason. As the result, the authors suggests to construct MUI be structuralized and have inclusive paradigm and tafs}i>li> formulation of fatwas. It means fatwas give many legal alternatives as well as the tradition of previous scholars
Penerapan Asas Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Hafi Fikri La , Budiman Budiman
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini mengkaji Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Bank Indonesia, yang berlaku umum. Sedangkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, berlaku khusus. Penerapan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali menegaskan bahwa Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 memiliki kedudukan lebih kuat dibandingkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 yang berlaku umum. Keberlakuan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 mengokohkan eksistensi perbankan syariah untuk leluasa menjalankan aktivitas dan produk-produknya. Di samping itu, apabila merujuk kepada Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, maka penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah dapat ditempuh melalui dua cara yaitu, pengadilan negeri dan badan arbitrase. Namun setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Pasal 55, dengan jelas disebutkan bahwa pengadilan yang berwenang melaksanakan putusan Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional (Basyarnas) dan menyelesaikan sengketa perbankan syariah adalah pengadilan agama.(This paper reviews the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23/2004 regarding Amendment to the Act Number 10/1998 concerning Indonesia Bank, which is in effect generally. On the other hand, the Act number 21/2008 regarding sharia banking applies more specifically. The application of lex specialis derogat legi generali principle confirms that the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008 has a stronger position than the Law Number 23/2004, which is generally in effect. The enforcement of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008 affirms the existence of sharia banking to freely run its activities and products. In addition, when referring to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30/1999, the resolution of Islamic banking disputes can be done through two ways, namely, the district court and the arbitration body. However, after the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008, Article 55 comes into effect, it is clearly stated that the court authorized to enforce the decision of the National Sharia Arbitration Board (Basyarnas) and settle the disputes over sharia banking is a religious court)
Kontribusi Muhammadiyah terhadap Dinamika Pemikiran Hukum Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia
Authors: Jamaa La
Published: March 2021

Muhammadiyah memiliki Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid dengan kompetensi melakukan ijtihad terhadap berbagai problem hukum yang dialami umat Islam, baik dalam bentuk pemikiran ulang terhadap aturan hukum Islam yang telah ada, maupun menemukan dan menetapkan hukum terhadap peristiwa baru pada era modern. Ijtihad Muhammadiyah terhadap permasalahan hukum Islam kontemporer yang tidak ada nashnya, menggunakan ijtihād, baik secara bayāni, qiyāsi, maupun istislāhi serta sadd al-zari’ah dengan tetap mengacu kepada prinsip jalbu masalih wa daf’u mafāsid. Ijtihad Muhammadiyah tersebut telah menghasilkan berbagai fatwa dalam masalah yang dihadapi umat Islam kontemporer. Meskipun secara kuantitas, fatwa Muhammadiyah dalam bidang hukum Islam kontemporer masih minim dibandingkan dengan fatwa dalam masalah non kontemporer, namun telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap dinamika pemikiran hukum Islam kontemporer di Indonesia.(Muhammadiyah has Tarjih and Tajdid Councils with the competence to do ijtihad on various legal problems experienced by Muslims, either in the form of rethinking the existing Islamic law, or finding and deciding legal judgment on new events in the modern era. Ijtihad done by Muhammadiyah on contemporary Islamic law issues that are not stated clearly in the Quran, uses bayani, qiyāsi, and istislāhi as well as sadd al-zari'ah by referring to the principle of jalbu masalih wa daf’u mafāsid. The ijtihad has produced various fatwas on the problems faced by contemporary Muslims. Although there is a small quantity of Muhammadiyah fatwa on contemporary Islamic laws compared to the fatwa on non contemporary issues, it has contributed to the dynamics of contemporary Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia)
Dinamika Sosial Politik Pembentukan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal
Authors: Jahar Asep Saepudin , Thalhah Thalhah
Published: March 2021

Proses pembentukkan Undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal telah melalui proses yang panjang. Berbagai kelompok terlibat dalam pembentukan ini, baik dari unsur pemerintah, legislatif dan masyarakat sipil. Perdebatan di dalam dan luar legaslatif tentang substansi hukum ini memperlihatkan adanya perhatian dan kepentingan berbagai pihak. Perebutan pengaruh ini bukan saja antara pihak penguasa yaitu antara DPR dan Pemerintah, namun juga masyarakat sipil (civil society) yang dalam kasus ini adalah MUI dan kelompok organisasi masyarakat lainnya. Keterlibatan langsung mereka dalam proses pembentukan UU ini baik dalam forum resmi dan tidak resmi menunjukkan adanya negosiasi dan partisipasi penting dalam pembentukan UU. Ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah sertifikasi produk halal bukan masalah agama semata, atau kepentingan konsumen, tetapi juga kepentingan ekonomi. Ada tiga isu penting yang mengemuka ketika proses pengesahan UU ini berlangsung. Pertama, isu ekonomi menjadi alasan bagaimana masalah sertifikasi ini. Kedua, sensitifitas agama juga menjadi perhatian, yang dianggap lebih mementingkan umat Islam. Ketiga, politik kepentingan para fihak yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan dalam hal ini kementrian agama (pemerintah) dan masyarakat sipil (MUI).(The process of formation of Insurance Act Halal products has gone through a long process. The various groups involved in this formation, both from the government, legislature and civil society. The debate inside and outside legislative about this legal substance showed their concerns and interests of all parties. It is not only a struggle for influence between the authorities, namely between the Parliament and the Government but also the civil society which in this case is the MUI and other civil society groups. Their direct involvement in the process of establishing this law both in formal and informal forums show their negotiation and participation are important in the formation of the Act. This shows that the problem of certification of halal products is not religious issues per se, or the interests of consumers, but also economic interests. There are three important issues which arise when the process of ratification of this law took place. First, the economic issue is the reason how this certification issue. Second, religious sensitivity is also a concern, which is considered to be more concerned with Muslims. Third, the political interests of the parties involved in the management of religious in this ministry (government) and civil society (MUI))
Islamic Banking in Global Economic Context (Critical Studies of Operational System and Performance of Islamic Banking)
Authors: Aziz Jamal Abdul
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan kajian terhadap sejarah kemunculan dan sistem operasional Bank Islam beserta kinerjanya, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa konsep bank Islam pada hakekatnya merupakan bentuk islamisasi terhadap institusi perbankan. Hanya saja proses islamisasi yang terjadi baru sebatas pada aspek-aspek yang bersifat marginal, artifisial, dan formal-institusional, seperti penggantian istilah-istilah teknis dalam dunia perbankan dengan istilah yang berasal dari fikih muamalah, penghapusan bunga, dan penolakan terhadap praktek-praktek bisnis yang haram. Selebihnya, bank Islam tidak berbeda dengan bank konvensional. Dampak dari islamisasi yang kurang substansial-komprehensif tersebut adalah timbulnya kesan bahwa bank Islam justru ‘terbelenggu’ oleh konsep-konsep fikih klasik yang mendasarinya, di mana ia cenderung kontra produktif dengan tren  bisnis moderen yang senantiasa menuntut efisiensi dan fleksibilitas. Agar tetap dapat survive di masa-masa mendatang, bank Islam perlu mengevaluasi diri secara terus menerus dengan selalu membuka diri terhadap berbagai kritikan yang dialamatkan kepadanya. Konsepsi yang terlalu berorientasi kepada doktrin harus diimbangi dengan kesadaran akan fakta-fakta dan tuntutan bisnis moderen, baik yang berskala lokal maupun global. Sementara itu cita-cita Islam yang ideal, seperti pemberantasan kemiskinan, pendistribusian kekayaan secara adil, dan penciptaan lapangan kerja, harus tetap menjadi orientasi utamanya. Kata Kunci:Riba, Profit and Loss Sharing, Mudlârabah, Murâbahah, Artificial Aspects of Islam  Abstract:Based on the study of the history of emergence and operation of Islamic Bank and its system performance, the author conclude that the concept of Islamic bank is essentially a form of Islamization of the banking institutions. Such Islamization are limited to the marginal, artificial, and formal-institutional aspects, such as the replacement of technical terms in the banking world with a term derived from the fiqh al-mu’âmalah, the abolition of interest, and the rejection of unlawful business practices. Moreover, the Islamic bank is no different from conventional banks. The impact of such less substantial and comprehensive islamization is the perception that Islamic bank is precisely 'shackled' by the concepts underlying classical fiqh, where it tends to be counter-productive with modern business trends which are constantly demanding efficiency and flexibility. In order to remain able to survive in the future, Islamic banks need to evaluate itself continuously by always open to criticism addressed to them. The conception of Islamic banking oriented too much to the doctrine must be balanced with an awareness of the facts and the demands of modern business, both local and global scale. While the ideals of the Islamic ideal, such as the eradication of poverty, equitable distribution of wealth and job creation, should remain the main orientation.
Kemandirian Berbasis Wakaf di Masjid Besar Imam Ulomo Sampung Ponorogo
Authors: HUDA MIFTAHUL
Published: March 2021

Abstrak:Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali model kemandirian Masjid berbasis wakaf di Masjid Besar Imam Ulomo Sampung Ponorogo. Kemandirian Masjid dipahami oleh takmir, nadhir dan jamaah Masjid sebagai peningkatan kapasitas Masjid dalam berbagai segi. Peningkatan kapasitas Masjid itu terdiri dari sisi asset dan sarana prasarana dan dari sisi pengelola Masjid. Dari sisi asset dimaknai sebagai upaya meminimalisir beban masyarakat atas kebutuhan Masjid. Dari sisi pengelola Masjid dimaknai sebagai adanya kesadaran berinovasi dan kebebasan dalam berinisasi untuk penguatan kelembagaan nadhir dan takmir dalam mengembangkan Masjid. Pola atau model kemandirian Masjid berbasis wakaf yang diterapkan di Masjid Besar Imam Ulomo Sampung Ponorogo adalah kemandirian aset dengan mengembangkan aset-aset wakaf Masjid secara produktif baik dalam pertanian, perikanan maupun lainnya. Sedangkan Pola kemandirian dari sisi penguatan kapasitas nadhir belum maksimal mengingat nadhir yang dikembangkan adalah masih dalam kluster nadhir perorangan. Pola kemandirian yang terakhir adalah pola kemandirian dari sisi manfaat hasil wakaf yang diperuntukkan tidak hanya kepentingan Masjid tetapi juga kepentingan jamaah masyarakat sekitar yang membutuhkan.  (This paper aims to explore a model of self-reliance based on wakaf mosque in Imam Ulomo Mosque, Sampung Ponorogo. The independence of the mosque is understood by takmir, nadhir and mosque congregations as capacity building of mosques in various ways. The capacity building of the mosque consists of assets and infrastructure and from the management of the mosque. In terms of assets interpreted as an effort to minimize the burden of the community on the needs of the mosque. In terms of mosque managers interpreted as an awareness of innovation and freedom in the process of strengthening institutionalization nadhir and takmir in developing the mosque. Pattern or model of self-reliance Mosque-based wakaf applied at Imam Ulomo Grand Mosque Sampung Ponorogo is the independence of assets by developing the assets of wakaf Masjid productively in agriculture, fishery or other. While the pattern of independence from the strengthening capacity nadhir not maximal considering nadhir developed is still in individual nadhir cluster. The last pattern of independence is a pattern of independence from the side of the benefits of wakaf that is destined not only the interests of the mosque but also the interest of the surrounding community)
Women on The Text According To Amina Wadud Muhsin in Qur’an and Women
Authors: Bakar Abu
Published: March 2021

This article explains hermeneutic concept of Amina Wadud stating that men and women are equal. It is based on the interpretation of both Qur'anic keywords (nafs, min and azwaj) and Qur'anic concepts (qiwamah, angel and nusyuz). Wadud reasoned that those key words and concepts were, unfortunately, red partially by most of commentators and resulted gender biased exegetical works. Using the method of descriptive and critical, this article aims to elaborate how Wadud argued against the pathriarcal  exegesis of the Qur’an in her book, Qur’an and Women. At the conclusion, it is found that Wadud criticized the biased works using two steps of hermeneutical approach. The first is by examining on how The Qur’an mentions some relating issues and second is by creating generalization on special respons about historical background
Reinterpretasi Makna Nafkah dalam Bingkai Islam Nusantara
Authors: Rajafi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The controversy about the concept of nafkah in Islam seems never ending, especially the strengthened of Islamic trans-national understanding in society which emphasizes the importance of Qur'an but with the scriptualistic model and denying other elements that can be formulated as a means to reinterpret verses of God, such as the verse of nafkah living that is used as a justification of men's power over the women. So that, examine the harmony of revelation and local culture in the context of the verse about nafkah with the approach of Islamic Nusantara is important to be explained in order to be create a responsive understanding and shalih li kulli zamân wa makân. The direction of that reinterpretation formulates the concept of economic agreement in a family, where the reading of the verse must be related to the early history of Islam which treats women in a minor but with positive progress toward the major treatment, so that women (wives) who were previously prohibited in earning of nafkah could be transformed to participate in constructing the economic family or even as the main provider of nafkah in a family.
Taklif of Lunar and Solar Eclipse Prayers According to Fiqh and Scientific Perspective
Authors: Mulyadi Achmad Mulyadi
Published: March 2021

The motion of earth, moon and sun result in natural phenomena which people can directly see and tangibly experience. They occur globally yet are experienced locally, such as the phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipses. In Islamic studies discussion, this leads to specific consequence relating to taklif (compulsion) of worship to perform eclipse prayers. Therefore, this study aims to elaborate whether the local eclipse phenomenon could apply the taklif globally. Another question is on when the obligation is urged to Moslem.Using the approach of fiqh and science through descriptive-analytic method, this study finds that in scientific perspective, both solar and lunar eclipses are sunnatullah or natural phenomenon relating to rotation of earth, moon and sun. From the earth, this phenomenon comes in two types of condition. First, it could be both computed and witnessed, while second, it could only computed but not everyone could eye-nakedly witness it. In fact, solar eclipse, for instance, although globally accessible through digital instruments, could be only manually seen in any local and limited area. Therefore, in the fiqh based perspective, the taklif of eclipse prayers only applies based on matlak wilayatul hukm. It is based on the strong belief that hisab indicates the occurrence of eclipse on any certain area in Indonesia and is empirically proved. The taklif, therefore, only applies for those who see the phenomenon, (Pergerakan bumi, bulan dan matahari mengakibatkan terjadi fenomena alam yang dapat dilihat dan dirasakan secara nyata. Fenomena ini bersifat glabal, akan tetapi dirasakannya secara local seperti fenomena gerhana matahari dan bulan. Dalam kajian keislaman, fenomena ini memunculkan akibat khusus yang berkaitan dengan taklif ibadah, yakni salat gerhana matahari dan bulan. Apakah fenomena gerhana yang bersifat lokal tersebut dapat berlaku secara global, dan kapan taklif tersebut terbebankan pada setiap umat muslim? Dengan pendekatan fiqh dan sains secara deskripstif analitis, artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalan perspektif sains, fenomena gerhana matahari dan bulan adalah sunnatullah yang berkaitan dengan rotasi bumi, bulan dan matahari. Bagi penduduk bumi, fenomena ini dapat dialami dalam dua kondisi, yaitu pertama, dikomputasi sekaligus disaksikan, dan kedua dikomputasi, akan tetapi tidak semua semua orang bisa menyaksikan. Karena itu, fenomena gerhana matahari walaupun dapat dikomputasi secara global, akan tetapi hanya dapat disanksikan secara lokal. Dengan demikian, dalam prsepektrif fiqh, taklif ibadah salat gerhana diberlakukan berdasarkan matlak wilayatul hukm, yaitu apabila diyakinkan bahwa secara hisab menunjukkan terjadi gerhana dalam kawasan tertentu di Indonesia dan dapat dibuktikan dengan fenomena empiriknya, maka taklif salat gerhana tersebut hanya berlaku bagi mereka yang menyaksikan fenomena gerhana tersebut.)
Legal Awareness of Maduresse Nahdliyin: A Partnership Study between BMT Nuansa Umat and MWC NU
Authors: Haryanto Rudy
Published: March 2021

Abstract:Building people’s legal awareness in various sectors, such as in the economic one, requires appropriate steps and strategies. This study examines the importance of partnership in building legal awareness on the aspect of Moslem’s economic sector. It captures a successful partnership pattern between BMT Nuansa Umat East Java and MWC NU in developing legal awareness specifically among nahdliyin. The study used descriptive qualitative method while its data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Respondents in this study consists of leaders of KSPPS BMT NU East Java and the Head of MWC NU. Based on the analysis of this research, it is clear that the type of business partnership between KSPPS BMT NU East Java and MWC NU is a partnership called by syirkah. This model is found to successfully achieve cultural, professional and mutual legal awareness.Keywords:Legal Awareness, Partnership, KSPPS  BMT Nuansa Umat, MWC NU Abstrak:Membangun kesadaran hukum ummat dalam berbagai sektor, seperti pada sektor ekonomi, membutuhkan langkah dan strategi yang tepat. Penelitian ini mengurai pentingnya kemitraan dalam membangun kesadaran hukum pada bidang ekonomi umat Islam. Secara khusus, ia memotret keberhasilan pola kemitraan antara BMT Nuansa Umat Jawa Timur dengan MWC NU dalam mengembangkan kesadaran hukum khususnya di kalangan warga nahdliyin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pimpinan KSPPS BMT NU Jawa Timur dan Ketua MWC NU. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan dari hasil penelitian yang telahdiuraikan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa jenis kemitraan usaha yang dijalankan antara KSPPS BMT NU Jawa Timur dengan MWC NU adalah persekutuan (syirkah). Dalam kemitraan model ini, kesadaran hukum yang berbasis kultural, professional, dan kesalingan dapat tercapai.Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Hukum, Kemitraan, KSPPS  BMT Nuansa Umat, MWC NU