bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selective Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition of Heterocyclic Hybrids Based on Hydrazine and Thiazole Scaffolds.
Authors: Carradori Simone , D'Ascenzio Melissa , De Monte Celeste , Secci Daniela , Yanez Matilde
Published: April 2013

A variety of new hydrazothiazoles (V) are designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against both the A and B isoforms of hMAO.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive Tandem Cycloaddition Between Nitriles and Azides: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐1H‐[1,2,3]‐triazoles.
Authors: Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Martins Priscila R. C. , Rocha David R. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Ferreira Vitor F. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S. , da Silva Fernando de C.
Published: April 2013

With equimolar amounts of nitrile, the title reaction gives aminotriazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles via Sequential Coupling and Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Amidines.
Authors: Xu Hao , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: April 2013

The procedure can be used for the preparation of different types of disubstituted triazole systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Modified CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Magnetically Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for Azide‐Alkyne Click Condensation.
Authors: Ishikawa Shingo , Hudson Reuben , Moores Audrey , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: April 2013

This reaction does not require strict conditions such as anhydrous or degassed solvents or an inert atmosphere, and is applicable to gram scale synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of New 5‐(1‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazoles (V) from 1‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles (IV) via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: dos Santos Mauricio S. , Bernardino Alice M. R. , Pinheiro Luiz C. S. , Canto‐Cavalheiro Marilene M. , Leon Leonor L.
Published: April 2013

12 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐trans‐Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Parida Bibhuti Bhusan , Lysenko Ivan L. , Cha Jin Kun
Published: April 2013

An efficient approach to the target compounds becomes possible by TiCl4‐promoted rearrangement of cyclopropane‐annulated dioxepins, coupling products of hydroxyethyl‐tethered cyclopropanols with aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric α‐Allylation of Ketones with Allylic Alcohols via Pd/Enamine Cooperative Function.
Authors: Yasuda Shigeo , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2013

Combination of a Pd‐complex with the phosphine ligand bearing a proline unit is crucial to achieve the high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organic Molecule Modulated Chemoselective Cyclization of Alkynyl Nitriles Tethered to 2‐Alkyl Substituted Chromones with Multireactive Sites.
Authors: Huang Liping , Liu Yang , Xie Fuchun , Hu Youhong
Published: April 2013

Optimized conditions including a benzylcyanide as anion transfer reagent allow the preparation of novel tetracyclic and tricyclic chromene scaffolds.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Mono‐ and Diphosphorylated 1,10‐Phenanthrolines.
Authors: Mitrofanov Alexandre , Lemeune Alla Bessmertnykh , Stern Christine , Guilard Roger , Gulyukina Nataliya , Beletskaya Irina
Published: April 2013

The target compounds are of interest as ligands and synthons in material science.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid: A New, Highly Efficient, and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Hydropyridine Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Mudumala Veeranarayana , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: April 2013

The agent is found to be highly efficient for the synthesis of 3 different classes of pyridine systems within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Derivatives via Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selective Ring‐Opening Reactions of Chiral Aziridine.
Authors: Higashiyama Kimio , Matsumura Masataka , Kurita Emiko , Yamauchi Takayasu
Published: April 2013

The reaction of aziridine (IV) with acetic acid leads to β‐amino alcohol (VI), which is converted into (S)‐prolinol.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Method for the Facile Access of Highly Functionalized Pyridines and Their Fluorescence Property Studies.
Authors: Khan Md. Nasim , Pal Suman , Parvin Tasneem , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: April 2013

A simple and convenient one‐pot multicomponent method for the synthesis of the title compounds is described for a broad substrates scope by using a readily available and cheap base as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on the Role of Substituents at C‐3 Position on C3—C4 Bond Cleavage of β‐Lactam Ring: Convenient Route for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyridin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Singh Pardeep , Singh Parvesh , Kumar Kewal , Kumar Vipan , Mahajan Mohinder P. , Bisetty Krishna
Published: April 2013

The effect of various electron withdrawing as well as electron donating substituents on the C3‐position on the C3/C4 bond cleavage is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities: cis‐Nitenpyram Analogues with 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Scaffold.
Authors: Liu Tian‐Yan , Xue Si‐Jia , Chen Yan‐Xia , Fang Ting , Wu Ying , Wang Jing
Published: April 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by multi‐component Michael addition reaction of nitenpyram (I), various substituted aromatic aldehydes (II) and cyanoacetate or propanedinitrile (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(OAc)3‐Based α′‐Oxidative Acetoxylation of N‐Trifluoroacetyl Vinylogous Amides.
Authors: Lin Hong‐Yu , Snider Barry B.
Published: April 2013

The reaction of various 5‐quinolone derivatives with Mn(O‐Ac)3 is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidines from Alkynes, Sulfonyl Azides, Trichloroacetonitrile, and Tetramethylguanidine.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh
Published: April 2013

The reaction provides a novel route to the synthesis of functionalized pyrimidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives under Microwave Heating.
Authors: Wang Qian , Dai An‐Xiao , Yi Mian‐Shuai , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen
Published: April 2013

All Products are purified by simple filtration.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Aromatization of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones (DHPMs) by Iodine.
Authors: Kodape Manisha M. , Aswar Anand S. , Gawhale Nandkishor D. , Humne Vivek T. , Mir Bilal Ahmad
Published: April 2013

Microwave‐assisted, iodine‐mediated dehydrogenation of the substrates proceeds under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive SNH and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions — An Efficient Synthesis Strategy to Pyrimidines Bearing Pyrrole and Indole Fragments.
Authors: Verbitskiy Egor V. , Rusinov Gennady L. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Cheprakova Ekaterina M. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Pervova Marina G. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I.
Published: April 2013

This is presented with a view to the widespread biological activities of pyrimidine‐, pyrrole‐ and indole‐containing compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 12. An Efficient One‐Pot Access to 6,6a‐Dihydroisoindolo[2,1‐a]quinazoline‐5,11‐diones and 5‐Phenylisoindolo[2,1‐a]quinazolin‐11(6aH)‐ones.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni , Palnati Gopala Reddy , Dodda Ranga Prasad , Avula Srinivasa Rao , Swami Priyanka
Published: April 2013

The title compounds, which represent substructures of alkaloid systems, are available via three‐component reactions under catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitubercular Evaluation of N‐Arylpyrazine and N,N′‐Alkyl‐diylpyrazine‐2‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: de Lima Ferreira Bispo Marcelle , Borges Goncalves Raoni Schroeder , da Silva Lima Camilo Henrique , de Faria Cardoso Laura Nogueira , Lourenco Maria Cristina Silva , de Souza Marcus Vinicius
Published: April 2013

Compounds (IIIb), (IIIe)—(IIIg) exhibit better antimycobacterial activities than the first line antituberculosis drug PZA in Alamar Blue assay.
ChemInform Abstract: New Highlights in the Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrazines.
Authors: He Jing‐Yu , Song Xiu‐Qing , Yan Hong , Zhong Ru‐Gang
Published: April 2013

The title compounds (IV) are formed via cyclization of N,N‐bisalkylated aniline derivatives (III) with ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Domino Synthesis of Benzo‐1,4‐heterocycle Compounds via a Piancatelli/C—N Coupling/Michael Addition Process Promoted by La(OTf)3.
Authors: Liu Jinqian , Shen Qiang , Yu Jianjun , Zhu Mengyun , Han Jianwei , Wang Limin
Published: April 2013

This method yields either fused benzoxazines with high diastereoselectivity or fused 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxalines as mixtures of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach for the Construction of Benzazepine and Benzoxepine Derivatives.
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Zou Shaowu , Wu Jie
Published: April 2013

The reaction of 2‐(2‐ethynylphenyl)‐1‐tosylaziridines with various sulfonyl azides affords the corresponding benzazepines with different substitution on the aromatic ring and tolerates various sulfonyl groups [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dibenzo[d,f]heteronins Incorporating Group 15 and 16 Heavier Elements.
Authors: Yasuike Shuji , Tsukada Satoshi , Kakusawa Naoki , Tsuchiya Takashi , Kurita Jyoji
Published: April 2013

The fully unsaturated dibenzoheteronins are prepared via a 1,8‐dilithium intermediate, representing the first examples of fused nine‐membered heterocyclic rings, with exception of dibenzothionin (VIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Approach to 9‐Aryl‐Substituted Naphthoxepine Derivatives via Claisen Rearrangement, Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling as Key Steps.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Srinivas Venu , Krishna Nimita G.
Published: April 2013

A novel route to the title compounds of type (VII) is described using a Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Triggered Tandem Annulation Between Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates and Dinucleophiles: Facile Syntheses of Oxazepanes, Thiazepanes, and Diazepanes.
Authors: Zhou Rong , Wang Jianfang , Duan Chong , He Zhengjie
Published: April 2013

The title reactions are proposed to proceed through a phosphine‐catalyzed allylic alkylation followed by an intramolecular Michael cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Library of 1,5,2‐Dithiazepine 1,1‐Dioxides. Part 2. Routes to Bicyclic Sultams.
Authors: Zang Qin , Javed Salim , Zhou Aihua , Knudtson Chris A. , Bi Danse , Basha Fatima Z. , Hanson Paul R.
Published: April 2013

Starting from (I) the synthesis of a variety of new bicyclic sultams of type (IV), (VI), (XII), (XIV), and (XVI) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Amide Derivatives with in vitro Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Guo‐Yan , Li Yang , Zhang Ya‐Nan , Zheng Song‐Zhi , Zhou Zhao‐Xia , An Sheng‐Ji , Jin Ying‐Hua
Published: April 2013

A series of novel macrocyclic tetraamide derivatives (IX) and (X) are synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Boron‐Substituted Diaryliodonium Salts and Selective Transformation into Functionalized Aryl Boronates.
Authors: Ito Motoki , Itani Itsuki , Toyoda Yosuke , Morimoto Koji , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: April 2013

The postfunctionalization of aryl boronates using diaryliodonium salts is investigated with a view to the importance of these compounds in organic synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Mungara Anil Kumar , Park Yong‐Ki , Lee Kap Duk
Published: April 2013

A novel series of carbazole‐based α‐aminophosphonates (IV) (14 examples) are synthesized via a three‐component coupling reaction in PEG 400 as green reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acids Employing (2S,4R)‐4‐Hydroxyproline as the Chiral Pool: Preparation of Methyl O‐Benzyl‐2‐(α‐cyanomethyl)‐D‐tyrosinate and Dimethyl 2‐(4‐Hydroxybenzyl)‐L‐aspartate.
Authors: Nagahara Ryohei , Hisa Chihiro , Kojima Noriko , Yamamoto Naoshi , Honda Toshio
Published: April 2013

The presented methodology provides an alternative route for the synthesis of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐2‐Methyl‐6‐nonylpiperidines: Alkaloids Solenopsin (V) and Isosolenopsin (IV).
Authors: Medjahdi Mohamed , Gonzalez‐Gomez Jose Carlos , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: April 2013

The hydrogenation of (III) does not work in the presence of palladium or platinum catalysts due to the sulfinyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of Scholareins A, C, And D Employing 2nd Generation Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloalkenylation.
Authors: Kawai Yasufumi , Saeki Megumi , Toyota Masahiro
Published: April 2013

(.+‐.)‐Scholareins A (V), C (IV), and D (VI) are prepared using a Pd‐catalyzed cycloalkenylation as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo‐Jahn‐Teller Effect ‐ A Two‐State Paradigm in Formation, Deformation, and Transformation of Molecular Systems and Solids
Authors: Bersuker Isaac B.
Published: April 2013

Review: 264 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Conductivity of Composite Materials on the Base of Solid Electrolytes and Ion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Yaroslavtsev A. B.
Published: April 2013

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Container Molecules Through Subcomponent Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ronson Tanya K. , Zarra Salvatore , Black Samuel P. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: April 2013

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Enzymatic Asymmetric C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Mueller Michael
Published: April 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Reactors
Authors: Buono Frederic G. , Gonzalez Michael A. , Muslehiddinoglu Jale
Published: April 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: April 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasonic Reactions
Authors: Cella Rodrigo , Stefani Helio A.
Published: April 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis
Authors: Pollastri Michael P. , Devine William G.
Published: April 2013

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis
Authors: Mack James , Muthukrishnan Sivaramakrishnan
Published: April 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis in Water
Authors: Simon Marc‐Olivier , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: April 2013

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Catalysis
Authors: Mika Laszlo T. , Horvath Istvan T.
Published: April 2013

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Long , Cui Lingyun , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: April 2013

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Outer Sphere Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Eisenstein Odile , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: April 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Topologically Complex Molecules Obtained by Transition Metal Templation: It Is the Presentation that Determines the Synthesis Strategy
Authors: Chambron Jean‐Claude , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2013

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis by Gold
Authors: Takei Takashi , Akita Tomoki , Nakamura Isao , Fujitani Tadahiro , Okumura Misutaka , Okazaki Kazuyuki , Huang Jiahui , Ishida Tamao , Haruta Masatake
Published: April 2013

Review: 659 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Catalysts
Authors: Tueysuez Harun , Schueth Ferdi
Published: April 2013

Review: 617 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem inverse‐Electron‐Demand hetero‐/retro‐Diels—Alder Reactions for Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Foster Radleigh A. A. , Willis Michael C.
Published: April 2013

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: BODIPY Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kamkaew Anyanee , Lim Siang Hui , Lee Hong Boon , Kiew Lik Voon , Chung Lip Yong , Burgess Kevin
Published: April 2013

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Switches with Biplanemers Obtained by Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions of Tethered Arenes
Authors: Meier Herbert , Cao Derong
Published: April 2013

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Organocatalytic Alkylations with Carbenium Ions
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: April 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Jensen Knud J.
Published: April 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptides and Chirality Effects on the Conformation and the Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Peptides
Authors: Lubell W. D. , Beauregard K. S. , Polyak F.
Published: April 2013

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali/Coinage Metals: Organolithium, Organocuprate Chemistry
Authors: Harford Philip J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: April 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, Structural Classification, and Chemical Reactivity of Natural Pterocarpans
Authors: Goel Atul , Kumar Amit , Raghuvanshi Ashutosh
Published: April 2013

Review: 268 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Synthesis, Characterization, Reactivity and Insights into Porphyrinoid Aromaticity
Authors: Lash Timothy D.
Published: April 2013

Review: 478 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Other Transition Metal Mediated Cyclizations Leading to Cyclopentenones
Authors: Torres Ramon Rios , Vesely Jan
Published: April 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Adventures with the Pauson—Khand Reaction in Total Synthesis
Authors: Van Ornum Scott G. , Hoerner Sarah , Cook James M.
Published: April 2013

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advancement of Catalytic Pauson—Khand‐type Reactions
Authors: Lain Fuk Loi , Lee Hang Wai , Wang Jun , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: April 2013

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantioselective Pauson—Khand Reaction
Authors: Lledo Agusti , Verdaguer Xavier , Riera Antoni
Published: April 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Chiral Pauson—Khand Reaction
Authors: Shibata Takanori
Published: April 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Does Bioelectrochemical Cell Configuration and Anode Potential Affect Biofilm Response?
Authors: Kumar Amit , Katuri Krishna , Lens Piet , Leech Donal
Published: April 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Solid Phase Extraction in Elemental Speciation of Environmental Samples with Special Reference to Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Das Debasis , Gupta Utpal , Das Arabinda K.
Published: April 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Beds
Authors: Miao Qi , Zhu Jesse , Barghi Shahzad , Wu Chuangzhi , Yin Xiuli , Zhou Zhaoqiu
Published: April 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Parameterization and Tracking of Optimization of Synthesis Strategy Using Computer Spreadsheet Algorithms
Authors: Andraos John
Published: April 2013

Review: 50 refs.
Incidence of potentially human papillomavirus–related neoplasms in the United States, 1978 to 2007
Authors: Kurdgelashvili George , Dores Graça M. , Srour Samer A. , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Huycke Mark M. , Devesa Susan S.
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

Population‐based studies comprehensively describing incidence patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related preinvasive and invasive neoplasms prior to widespread HPV vaccination are sparse.

METHODS

Age‐adjusted incidence rates (IRs), IR ratios (IRRs), and annual percent changes (APCs) in IRs were calculated for potentially HPV‐related tumors diagnosed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program during 1978 through 2007.

RESULTS

Overall IRs for preinvasive tumors were significantly higher than for invasive squamous cell tumors of cervix (IRR = 3.42), vulva (IRR = 1.87), and vagina (IRR = 1.19) and significantly lower for adenomatous cervical tumors (IRR = 0.43), and squamous cell tumors of penis (IRR = 0.64), anus (males, IRR = 0.53; females, IRR = 0.14), and head and neck (H&N) (males, IRR = 0.01; females, IRR = 0.02). Incidence of preinvasive squamous tumors of cervix, vagina, and penis rose rapidly over time and decreased for invasive neoplasms. The most rapid increases occurred for preinvasive (males, APC = 16.0; females, APC = 7.3) and invasive anal tumors (males, APC = 3.6; females, APC = 2.3). IR patterns were generally similar among evaluable racial/ethnic groups, with the exception of H&N invasive tumor IRs which increased exclusively among white males.

CONCLUSIONS

Contrary to the opposing trends of preinvasive and invasive squamous tumors of cervix, vagina, and penis, preinvasive and invasive anal tumor IRs increased significantly over time by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups. Successful HPV vaccination programs are needed to measurably reduce incidence of HPV‐related neoplasms in the future, particularly for cancer sites with rising incidence rates for which effective screening modalities are limited. Cancer 2013;119:2291–2299. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Trust‐oriented QoS‐aware composite service selection based on genetic algorithms
Authors: Gao Hao , Yan Jun , Mu Yi
Published: April 2013

Service selection in service‐oriented computing has emerged to be an increasingly important research area. From the client's point of view, in addition to the QoS of a service or a service composition, the trust level becomes an important part. As the complexity of invocation in service composition has been greatly increased, a comprehensive mechanism, which could evaluate both the subjective aspect as trust expression and the objective aspect as QoS, is needed. In this paper, we provide a formal service composition architecture for service selection. In addition, we propose a trust evaluation method for the service composition plan based on the subjective probability theory, based on them, our trust‐oriented genetic algorithm (TOGA) is proposed to find a near‐optimal service composition plan with QoS constraints. Experimental results have illustrated that our proposed approach can discover the near‐optimal solution efficiently. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new anti‐collision algorithm for RFID tag
Authors: Zhang De‐gan , Li Guang , Pan Zhao‐hua , Liang Yan‐pin
Published: April 2013

We present a new radio frequency identification tag anti‐collision algorithm in this paper. The main idea of this algorithm is that we should find the collided bit at first, and every tag contains a register RC, which has length the same as the tag's ID length to store the conflict bit, then all the subsequent processing are based on the conflict bit. In this new algorithm, tag uses a binary pulse string to transfer data to the reader, compared with the traditional query tree‐based algorithms, which is based on the tag's ID; this new algorithm is more efficient and requires fewer read cycles for tag's identification. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Spelling Skills of French‐Speaking Dyslexic Children
Authors: Plisson Anne , Daigle Daniel , Montésinos‐Gelet Isabelle
Published: April 2013

Learning to spell is very difficult for dyslexic children, a phenomenon explained by a deficit in processing phonological information. However, to spell correctly in an alphabetic language such as French, phonological knowledge is not enough. Indeed, the French written system requires the speller to acquire visuo‐orthographical and morphological knowledge as well. To date, the majority of studies aimed at describing dyslexic children's spelling abilities related to English and reading.

The general goal of this study is to describe the spelling performance, from an explanatory perspective, of 26 French‐Canadian dyslexic children, aged 9 to 12 years. The specific goals are to describe the spelling performances of these pupils in the context of free production and to compare them with the performances of 26 normally achieving children matched on age (CA) and with those of 29 younger normally achieving children matched on reading age (RA). To do so, errors were classified according to phonological, visuo‐orthographical and morphological properties of French written words. The results indicate that the dyslexic group scored lower than the CA group but sometimes also lower than the RA group. The results are discussed according to the types of knowledge required to spell correctly in French. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sacriﬁcial microchannel sealing by glass‐frit reﬂow for chip scale atomic magnetometer
Authors: Tsujimoto Kazuya , Hirai Yoshikazu , Sugano Koji , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Tabata Osamu
Published: April 2013

A novel sealing technique using sacriﬁcial microchannels was proposed for control of an atmosphere in a micromachined alkali metal vapor cell for a chip‐scale atomic magnetometer. The microchannels act as a feedthrough connecting the cell to the outside atmosphere during evacuation and gas ﬁlling steps, and eventually they are sealed by glass‐frit reﬂow. A silicon microchannel was designed and sealing by glass‐frit reﬂow was successfully demonstrated in reﬂow experiments. Simulation results clariﬁed the glass‐frit reﬂow characteristics and their dependence on cross‐sectional shapes of the microchannels. Hermeticity of the proposed sealing technique at a leak rate of less than 10−12 Pa·m3/s was veriﬁed by a high‐resolution helium leak test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 58–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10432
EMG/ECG acquisition system with online adjustable parameters using ZigBee wireless technology
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2013

This paper deals with a novel wireless biosignal acquisition system employing ZigBee wireless technology, which consists mainly of two components, an intelligent electrode and a data acquisition host. The former is the main topic of this paper. It is placed on a subject's body to amplify biosignals such as EMG or ECG and streams its data at up to 2 ksps.

One of the most remarkable features of the intelligent electrode is that it can change its own parameters, both digital and analog, online. The author describes its design ﬁrst, then introduces a small, light, and low‐cost implementation of the intelligent electrode called “VAMPIRE‐BAT.” He then presents some experimental results to conﬁrm its usability and to estimate its practical performances. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 1–10, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11489 5
Eﬀect of oxygen gas on the decomposition of dye by pulsed discharge in water droplet spray
Authors: Nose Taisuke , Yokoyama Yuzo , Nakamura Akira , Minamitani Yasushi
Published: April 2013

The eﬀect of O2 on the decolorization of indigo carmine and on the production of dissolved species such as \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-} , \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} $ \end{document}, O3, and H2O2 in the treatment water by pulsed discharges in a water droplet spray was investigated by controlling the O2/N2 ratios as carrier gases in the reactor. The decolorization rate gradually increased with a rise in the O2 ratio, which reached a constant value in the range of 50 to 90% for the O2 ratio and decreased in pure O2. The maximum value was about two times that of 20% for the O2 ratio. The decolorization eﬃciency was not aﬀected by the gas ﬂow rate in the range of 4 to 50 L/min. \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-} $ \end{document} in the treatment water was detected only in pure N2, but \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} $ \end{document} was produced in O2/N2. \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-} $ \end{document} added to the treatment water was not oxidized in pure N2, but was perfectly converted to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} $ \end{document} in O2/N2. These results implied that the hydroxyl radicals produced in the gas phase do not directly contribute to the oxidation of substances in water. The O3 concentration gradually increased with a rise in the O2 ratio, whereas the H2O2 concentration decreased. In the range of 50 to 80% for the O2 ratio, the O3 and H2O2 concentrations stayed at approximately constant values, similar to the trend of the decolorization rate. The rate constants for various gas mixing ratios for O2/N2 were determined from a kinetic study. These results suggest that hydroxyl radicals produced in the treatment water by the chain reactions of O3 and hydroperoxy radical (HO2·) play an important role in the decomposition of molecules in water. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 10–23, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22284
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of New Dinuclear Guanidinate Diimidoniobium Complexes
Authors: Elorriaga David , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando , Antiñolo Antonio , López‐Solera Isabel , Fernández‐Galán Rafael , Serrano Amparo , Villaseñor Elena
Published: April 2013

The guanidine proligands {2‐[4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl]‐1,3‐diisopropylguanidine} (1), [2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐diisopropylguanidine] (2) and [2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1,3‐diisopropylguanidine] (3) have been prepared by guanylation of anilines with diisopropylcarbodiimide, using [MgBz2(thf)2] as the catalyst at room temperature. These proligands react with the complex {[Nb(CH2SiMe3)3(CH3CN)]2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)} (4) to afford new guanidinate‐supported dialkyl niobium dinuclear complexes [{Nb(CH2SiMe3)2[(4‐tBuC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (5), [{Nb(CH2SiMe3)2[(4‐MeOC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (6) and [{Nb(CH2SiMe3)2[(4‐BrC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (7). Treatment of compounds 5–7 with 2 equiv. of 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanide gave the imido bis(iminoacyl) compounds [{Nb(Me3SiCH2C=Nxylyl)2[(4‐tBuC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (8), [{Nb(Me3SiCH2C=Nxylyl)2[(4‐MeOC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (9) and [{Nb(Me3SiCH2C=Nxylyl)2[(4‐BrC6H4)N=C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]}2(μ‐1,4‐NC6H4N)] (10). The molecular structures of compound 2 and complex 9 have been determined.
Molybdenum versus Tungsten for the Epoxidation of Cyclooctene Catalyzed by [Cp*2M2O5]
Authors: Sözen‐Aktaş Pelin , Manoury Eric , Demirhan Funda , Poli Rinaldo
Published: April 2013

The catalytic activity of [Cp*2M2O5] (M = Mo, W; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) for the homogeneous epoxidation of a solution of cyclooctene in MeCN/toluene follows the order Mo >> W when using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)/decane as oxidant, in contrast to the inverse order (W >> Mo) when using aqueous H2O2 as oxidant. The catalytic activity for the Mo system strongly depends on the solvent used to deliver the oxidant (TBHP/decane >> TBHP/H2O). The low activity of the W system is also decreased when using TBHP/water in place of TBHP/decane. For both metals, H2O2/H2O is a better oxidant than TBHP/H2O. However, whereas the Mo‐based catalyst is much more active for the TBHP/decane epoxidation in spite of the lower TBHP oxidizing power (TBHP/decane > H2O2/H2O > TBHP/H2O), the W‐based system is much more active for the H2O2/H2O epoxidation in spite of the negative effect of water (H2O2/H2O > TBHP/decane > TBHP/H2O). The kinetic profile of the TBHP/decane epoxidation process is affected by product inhibition. Initial rate measurements show that the rate law is first order with respect to substrate and has saturation behavior with respect to the oxidant.
Aerosol effect on climate extremes in Europe under different future scenarios
Authors: Sillmann J. , Pozzoli L. , Vignati E. , Kloster S. , Feichter J.
Published: April 2013

This study investigates changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events under different future scenarios of anthropogenic aerosol emissions (i.e., SO2 and black and organic carbon) simulated with an aerosol‐climate model (ECHAM5‐HAM) with focus on Europe. The simulations include a maximum feasible aerosol reduction (MFR) scenario and a current legislation emission (CLEmod) scenario where Europe implements the MFR scenario, but the rest of the world follows the current legislation scenario and a greenhouse gas scenario. The strongest changes relative to the year 2000 are projected for the MFR scenario, in which the global aerosol reduction greatly enforces the general warming effect due to greenhouse gases and results in significant increases of temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe. Regional warming effects can also be identified from aerosol reductions under the CLEmodscenario. This becomes most obvious in the increase of the hottest summer daytime temperatures in Northern Europe.
Increased mass over the Tibetan Plateau: From lakes or glaciers?
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Yao Tandong , Xie Hongjie , Kang Shichang , Lei Yanbin
Published: April 2013

The mass balance in the Inner Tibet Plateau (ITP) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) showed a positive rate that was attributed to the glacier mass gain, whereas glaciers in the region, from other field‐based studies, showed an overall mass loss. In this study, we examine lake's water level and mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and suggest that the increased mass measured by GRACE was predominately due to the increased water mass in lakes. For the 200 lakes in the TP with 4 to 7 years of ICESat data available, the mean lake level and total mass change rates were +0.14 m/yr and +4.95 Gt/yr, respectively. Compared those in the TP, 118 lakes in the ITP showed higher change rates (+0.20 m/yr and +4.28 Gt/yr), accounting for 59% area and 86% mass increase of the 200 lakes. The lake's mass increase rate in the ITP explains the 61% increased mass (~7 Gt/yr) derived from GRACE [Jacob et al., 2012], while it only accounts for 53% of the total lake area in the ITP.
Methylselenol prodrug enhances MDV3100 efficacy for treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhan Yang , Cao Bo , Qi Yanfeng , Liu Shuang , Zhang Qi , Zhou Weidong , Xu Duo , Lu Hua , Sartor Oliver , Kong Wei , Zhang Haitao , Dong Yan
Published: April 2013

The next‐generation antiandrogen MDV3100 prolongs overall survival of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, patient responses are variable, and survival benefit remains relatively small. Developing effective modality to improve MDV3100 efficacy is urgently needed. Recent evidence suggests that constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR‐Vs) drive resistance to MDV3100. In our study, we show that methylselenol prodrug downregulates the expression and activity of both the full‐length AR (AR‐FL) and AR‐Vs. The downregulation is independent of androgen and could be attributable to repressed transcription of the AR gene. Cotreatment with methylselenol prodrug and MDV3100 suppresses AR signaling more dramatically than either agent alone, and synergistically inhibits the growth of CRPC cells in vitro. The combinatorial efficacy is observed in not only AR‐V‐expressing cells but also cells expressing predominantly AR‐FL, likely owing to the ability of the two drugs to block the AR signaling cascade at distinct steps. Ectopic expression of AR‐FL or AR‐V7 attenuates the combinatorial efficacy, indicating that downregulating AR‐FL and AR‐V7 is importantly involved in mediating the combinatorial efficacy. Significantly, methylselenol prodrug also downregulates AR‐FL and AR‐Vs in vivo and substantially improves the antitumor efficacy of MDV3100. These findings support a potential combination therapy for improving MDV3100 efficacy, and provide a rationale for evaluating the clinical application of combining methylselenol prodrug with MDV3100 for the treatment of CRPC.
Real‐time calcium measurements of live optically trapped microorganisms
Authors: Chandsawangbhuwana Charlie , Shi Linda Z. , Zhu Qingyuan , Berns Michael W.
Published: April 2013

A system has been developed that allows for the real‐time measurement of calcium dynamics in swimming sperm. Specifically, the ratiometric dye Indo‐I is used as a fluorescent indicator of intracellular calcium dynamics. The dual emissions are collected by a high‐sensitivity back‐illuminated CCD camera coupled to a Dual‐View imaging system. From the CCD, the images are sent to a custom developed algorithm which processes the images and outputs the calcium measurements in real‐time. Additionally, sperm velocity and position data are processed and outputted in real‐time. The velocity and position data are obtained using a separate coupled red light (>670 nm) phase contrast imaging setup that does not optically interfere with the fluorescent imaging. Using this system the effects of optical trapping on calcium dynamics was determined. Optical trapping of sperm with a decaying focused laser power of 510 mW to 3 mW over 8 seconds causes a statistically insignificant change in calcium dynamics between in‐trap and out‐of‐trap conditions. Progesterone, a calcium activator, was added and sperm were trapped under the 8 second power decay conditions. Progesterone treated sperm has a statistically higher average calcium level than untreated sperm, but shows no statistical difference between progesterone treated in‐trap and out‐of‐trap conditions. Trapping at 16 seconds at 510 mW without decay, which have been shown to decrease sperm motility, shows a statistical difference between baseline pre‐trap and in‐trap intracellular calcium levels. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the formation of bromate and chlorate ions during electrolysis with boron doped diamond anode for seawater treatment
Authors: Vacca Annalisa , Mascia Michele , Palmas Simonetta , Mais Laura , Rizzardini Simone
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

The electrochemical treatment of brackish and seawaters with boron doped diamond anodes (BDD) can be particularly suitable for the removal of microorganisms, microalgae and pollutants: the high conductivity of these waters and the high content of chloride ions can be exploited in disinfection/oxidation processes mediated by active chlorine. A correct choice of operating conditions can limit the formation of such undesired by‐products as bromate and chlorate ions.

RESULTS

Galvanostatic electrolyses of synthetic waters containing chloride and/or bromide ions using BDD anode were carried out both in batch and continuous mode in an undivided cell. Bromide ions were oxidized to form bromate ions with high conversion rate, while chlorate ions were found as by‐products of the oxidation of chloride ions together with active chlorine. When solutions containing Br− and Cl− were treated, the increase in the concentration of chloride up to that of seawater (20 g dm−3), hinders the formation of BrO3− and ClO3−.

CONCLUSIONS

The electrochemical process with BDD anode could be applicable to the disinfection of high salinity waters: in synthetic solution simulating the composition of seawaters, high amounts of active chlorine are formed and the occurrence of bromates and chlorates is highly limited. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and Reactions of Some New Benzo[a]phenothiazine‐3,4‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman A. H. , Kandeel E. M. , Berghot M. A. , Abdel‐Motaal Marwa
Published: April 2013

The reaction of 2,3‐dihydro‐2,3‐epoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (4) with substituted anilines furnished the corresponding benzo[fused]heterocyclic derivatives 5, 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 8. Furthermore, treatment of benzo[a]phenothiazine derivative 7 with halo compounds, namely, ethyl bromoacetate, phenacyl bromide, dibromoethane, or chloroacetone afforded ether derivatives 11, 12, 13, 14, respectively. Moreover, the reaction of 11 with o‐substituted aniline gave the corresponding benzo[a]phenothiazin‐5‐one derivatives 15, 16, 17 and benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one18, respectively. Finally, the chromenone derivative 19 was synthesized via the reaction of ester derivative 11 with salicyaldhyde in refluxing pyridine. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic measurements (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra).
Comparison of free‐breathing with navigator‐controlled acquisition regimes in abdominal diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images: Effect on ADC and IVIM statistics
Authors: Jerome Neil P. , Orton Matthew R. , d'Arcy James A. , Collins David J. , Koh Dow‐Mu , Leach Martin O.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the effect on diffusion‐weighted image‐derived parameters in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intra‐voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) models from choice of either free‐breathing or navigator‐controlled acquisition.

Materials and Methods

Imaging was performed with consent from healthy volunteers (n = 10) on a 1.5T Siemens Avanto scanner. Parameter‐matched free‐breathing and navigator‐controlled diffusion‐weighted images were acquired, without averaging in the console, for a total scan time of ∼10 minutes. Regions of interest were drawn for renal cortex, renal pyramid, whole kidney, liver, spleen, and paraspinal muscle. An ADC diffusion model for these regions was fitted for b‐values ≥ 250 s/mm2, using a Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm, and an IVIM model was fitted for all images using a Bayesian method.

Results

ADC and IVIM parameters from the two acquisition regimes show no significant differences for the cohort; individual cases show occasional discrepancies, with outliers in parameter estimates arising more commonly from navigator‐controlled scans. The navigator‐controlled acquisitions showed, on average, a smaller range of movement for the kidneys (6.0 ± 1.4 vs. 10.0 ± 1.7 mm, P = 0.03), but also a smaller number of averages collected (3.9 ± 0.1 vs. 5.5 ± 0.2, P < 0.01) in the allocated time.

Conclusion

Navigator triggering offers no advantage in fitted diffusion parameters, whereas free‐breathing appears to offer greater confidence in fitted diffusion parameters, with fewer outliers, for matched acquisition periods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:235–240. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Responsiveness of quantitative cartilage measures over one year in knee osteoarthritis: Comparison of radiography and MRI assessments
Authors: Cromer Megan S. , Bourne Roger M. , Fransen Marlene , Fulton Roger , Wang Shih‐Chang
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To directly compare the responsiveness of quantitative imaging measures of disease progression in knee osteoarthritis (OA). In the medial compartment of the knee comparison was made between: 1) radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN); 2) global quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) of cartilage volume; 3) regional qMRI of cartilage thickness; and 4) regional analysis using an ordered value (OV) methodology.

Materials and Methods

3T MRI and weight‐bearing radiography of the knees were performed at baseline and 1‐year timepoints in 23 subjects (mean age 63 years) with symptomatic knee OA. Standardized response means (SRM) were calculated for each measure. Statistical analysis to determine significance of change between timepoints was performed with a two‐tailed Student's t‐test (JSN, global, regional analysis) and nonparametric Mann‐Whitney test (ordered values).

Results

At 1 year, global cartilage volume losses of 2.3% (SRM −0.44) in the medial tibia and 6.9% in the medial femur (SRM −0.74) were recorded. SRM for JSN was −0.46. Regional analysis revealed largest reductions in cartilage thickness in the external (SRM −0.84) weight‐bearing subregion of the medial femur and in the posterior subregion of the medial tibia (SRM −0.79). OV analysis in the medial compartment revealed areas of cartilage thinning (four ranked OV) and cartilage thickening (two ranked OV).

Conclusion

The MRI OV approach proved to be a superior analysis tool for detecting changes in cartilage morphology over a 1‐year period. Radiographically defined JSN was found to be the least responsive measurement method of knee OA disease progression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:103–109. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of high‐intensity ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and nanostructure of citrus pectin
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Ye Xingqian , Xue Sophia Jun , Zhang Xianzhong , Liu Donghong , Meng Ruifeng , Chen Shiguo
Published: April 2013

Background

Modified pectin has been found to have various biological activities. The preparation of modified pectin is generally accomplished by either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation processes, but both methods have several disadvantages. Ultrasound treatment is simple and requires shorter times and lower temperatures than conventional techniques used for processing plant materials. In recent years the application of ultrasound to modify polysaccharides has received increasing attention. The objective of this study was to use ultrasound to modify citrus pectin.

Results

The average molecular weight of citrus pectin decreased under different ultrasonic conditions. The average molecular weight decreased from 464 to 296 kDa after 30 min of sonication. The degree of methylation of citrus pectin changed slightly and its monosaccharide component remained unchanged when high‐intensity ultrasound was applied. The reduced (Gal + Ara)/Rha ratio after ultrasonication suggested degradation in the neutral sugar side chains of citrus pectin. Atomic force microscopy results confirmed the degradation of citrus pectin chains by ultrasound at nanolevel.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is an effective way to pretreat or modify pectin. The degradation of citrus pectin is due to the cavitational effects of ultrasound. Thus ultrasound may be useful in establishing environmentally friendly extraction and modification technologies for pectin. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimisation of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) with response surface methodology
Authors: İlbay Zeynep , Şahin Selin , Kırbaşlar Ş İsmail
Published: April 2013

Background

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from rosehip (Rosa canina L.) was investigated. The aim of the study was to examine the extraction parameters such as extraction time (30–90 min), temperature (30–50 °C) and solvent concentration (40–100% ethanol, v/v), and to obtain the best possible combinations of these parameters by using response surface methodology.

Results

The experiments were performed according to the face‐centred central design. Total phenolic content was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of dried matter (DM). The second‐order polynomial model gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data. 47.23 mg GAE g−1 DM was predicted at the optimum operating conditions (40% EtOH composition, 50 °C of temperature, and 81.23 min of extraction time).

Conclusion

All of the parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature) used in this research have the significant effect on the extraction efficiency of total phenolic content in rosehip extracts (P < 0.05). The solvent concentration was proved to be the most significant effective on the yields obtained by ultrasound‐assisted extraction. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry