bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The clinical characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency department because of implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock
Authors: Skoczyński Przemysław
Published: July 2022

Aim: To present the clinical spectrum of the Emergency Department (ED) patients with presumed electrical shocks.
Material and methods: The electronic recordings of the patients admitted to the ED of Unversity Hospital in Wroclaw between April 2020 and June 2021 were searched for the words: discharge, electrical storm, syncope, con¬vulsions. The received patients recordings were checked and all patients with electrical shocks from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) both real and presumed were included into the study. Patients were divided into three groups: patients hospitalized due to adequate ICD discharges, patients hospitalized for other reason who had adequate interventions in the ICD memory and patients with incorrectly diagnosed ICD interventions.
Results: The study group consisted of 26 patients. There was 18 men aged 65.9±10.9 and 8 women aged 68.1±12.4 (p=0.66). A total of 20 patients had electrical shocks confirmed by ICD memory checking and 6 patients had no ICD shocks.
Conclusions: ED visits due to discharges of ICDs are rare. The medical history of ICD discharge could be misleading, because some patients interpret different symptoms or acoustic signals of the ICDs as a discharge. The ICD patients with syncope, unconsciousness, history of seizures should have their ICD checked for the possible discharges.
Influence of selected socio-demographic factors on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effectiveness
Authors: Iwanicka Ewelina , Więch Paweł , Magoń Magdalena , Guty Edyta , Kucaba Grzegorz , Muster Marek
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors on the CPR effectiveness performed by the police officers during the service.
Material and methods: An observational, pilot study was conducted on a group of 90 police officers working in Rzeszów poviat. Each officer performed a 2-minute CPR on a dedicated Resusci Anne QCPR training phantom. The obtained parameters for chest compressions and ventilation were recorded using a dedicated SimPad SkillReporter tablet. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.1 software.
Results: The analysis of the obtained results concerning the influence of sociodemographic variables on the quality of CPR showed that both age, sex and work seniority significantly differentiated the selected parameters of chest com¬pressions. Being an older man predisposed to deeper chest compressions. Women performed chest relaxation more ef¬fectively. Younger policemen provided chest compressions at a frequency recommended by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines. The above variables did not differentiate the groups in terms of ventilation.
Conclusions: The age, sex and work seniority of the surveyed policemen significantly influenced the performance of chest compressions with no differences in ventilation parameters.
Increased demand for services provided in hospital emergency departments
Authors: Robakowska Marlena , Tyrańska-Fobke Anna , Ślęzak Daniel , Rogowski Michał , Basiński Andrzej , Jałtuszewska Sylwia
Published: July 2022

Increase in demand for health services in HED (Hospital Emergency Department) and their increasing this greater overcrowding is known from the English language as overcrowding. The concept of overcrowding is also inherently related to the notion of frequent use of assistance in the SOR. However, no uniform criterion for defining this concept has been developed so far. The aim of this study is to present the causes of the phenomenon of overcrowding and the related issues of patients’ functioning in the health care system. The main reasons for this phenomenon are the demographic aspect, i.e. the extension of the average age of many societies, but also the tendency of patients to omit medical assistance at the primary health care level and go directly to the HED as facilities with greater diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. The consequences of the overcrowding phenomenon are, above all, an increase in the costs of HED functioning, longer waiting times for health services provided in the HED and excessive workload of the staff employed there. Currently, overcrowding has been recognized as a global public health problem.
Participation of Polish paramedics in missions abroad - selected issues
Authors: Kilian Maksymilian , Frydrysiak Krystyna , Kikowski Łukasz
Published: July 2022

Aim: Assesment of the preparedness of paramedics for mission trips. Evaluation of the mission as a place for professional development of paramedics. Assesment of the usefulness of the experience gained by paramedics on missions in working conditions in Poland. Analysing the attendance of paramedics on missions. Learning about personal opinions and experi¬ences of selected participants of missions.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted between 01.2020 and 08.2020. The research group consisted of 20 paramedics of different ages. Data were collected using an electronic survey consisting of 22 questions and extended tel¬ephone interviews consisting of 33 questions. Statistical data obtained from the Redemptoris Missio Foundation were used to analyse attendance.
Results: The majority of survey participants rated their preparation for their first mission at a score of 3 (f=0.45) or 4 (f=0.35) on a 5-point scale. The most frequently used skill was foreign language, with 9 (f=0.45) respondents using it all the time and 9 (f=0.45) using it frequently. The paramedics experienced the greatest development in the area of non-medical skills (f=0.6) and in foreign language use (f=0.5). Most of the respondents rated the usefulness of the experience gained as 5 (f=0.35) or 4 (f=0.25) on a 5-point scale. Analysis of the obtained statistical data showed very low attendance of paramedics on missions compared to other medical professions. The interviews provided an in-depth look into the feelings and opinions of selected paramedics regarding missions, which were mostly consistent or similar.
Conclusions: The paramedics believe that they are sufficiently prepared to go on missions. Thanks to missions: they gain new experience, consolidate their knowledge and skills, exchange experience with medical personnel from all over the world. However, missions do not allow one to fully utilize their expertise in emer¬gency medicine. Experience gained abroad is proved to be useful for paramedics in working conditions of Polish health care system. Attendance of paramedics on missions is very low, but there are a lot of potential areas where their knowledge and skills could be used.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI ORGAN PENCERNAAN MANUSIA KELAS V SDN 3 JANGKURANG
Authors: Nurfaidah Siti Sholiha , Julaeha Elis , Lukman Praja Azis
Published: July 2022

This research is motivated by the condition of students abilty to master science material, aspecially in the material human digestive organs in grade V SD Negeri 3 Jangkurang which is still low. This is because teachers still use convensional learning methods in the learning process. So that student do not get the opportunity to understand the subject matter. The problem in this research is “What Is The Aplplication Problem Based Learning Models Can Improve The Learning Outcomes Of Grade V Students SDN 3 Jangkurang On The Material Of Human Digestive Organs”. Essentially science learning science learning is the result human activitiesin the form of knowledge, organized ideas and concepts about natural environment, derived from experience through a series of scientific processes among others investigation, of the preparation and testing of ideas. The methods used in this study is Classroom Action Research with research subjects are SDN 3 Jangkurang Students, Jangkurang Village, Kadungora District, Garut Subdistrict. With the number of student are 15 peoples. Consisting of 6 male students and 9 female students. This research consist of 3 cycles. The implementation of each cycle is directed at learning activities using the models Problem Based Learning (PBL) which is used as an science learning plan on human digestive organs. From the learning process that has been carried out the result of science learning are obtained, which shows an increase in each cycle starting from cycle I, II, and III. In cycle I there were ten students (67 %) who scored <70 , and five students (33%) who scored > 70. In cycle II there were five students (33%) who scored < 70, and ten students (67%) who scored > 70. In cycle III there were four students (67 %) who scored <70 , and eleven students (73%) who scored > 70. The Aplplication Problem Based Learning Models can improve the learning outcomes.
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur Di Kecamatan Baradatu Kabupaten Way Kanan Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Yulianto Tri Anwar , Eka Wati Novi , Herdiansah Riko
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Laying hens have a very important role in providing animal protein needs in the community, as the population increases, egg consumption will also increase. So that laying hens have the potential to be developed, based on the economic aspect, researchers are interested in conducting research with the aim of analyzing the feasibility of laying hens in Baradatu District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung Province. The research was conducted in Baradatu District, Way Kanan Regency, Lampung Province. The method to determine the research location is purposive sampling. Primary data was obtained through direct observation and interviews with farmers with a population of 2000, 5000, 15000. The data analysis in this study were production costs, revenues, income and R/C Ratio analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that laying hens with a population of 2,000, 5,000 and 15,000 from an economic point of view was feasible, because it had an R/C ratio > 1, namely 1.08, 1.11 and 1.19, respectively. The monthly income of laying hens with a population of 2,000 is Rp. 5,884,590,- population of 5,000 is Rp. 18,941,272,- and a population of 15,000 is Rp. 89,585,191,- This shows that the increasing population of livestock, the more feasible the chicken farming business. layer, because the value of the R/C ratio and income is also increasing.
Keywords: Laying hens, Business Feasibility, Eggs.
A Multiplicative Property for Zero-Sums II
Authors: Grynkiewicz David J. , Liu Chao
Published: July 2022

For $n\geq 1$, let $C_n$ denote a cyclic group of order $n$. Let $G=C_n\oplus C_{mn}$ with $n\geq 2$ and $m\geq 1$, and let $k\in [0,n-1]$. It is known that any sequence of $mn+n-1+k$ terms from $G$ must contain a nontrivial zero-sum of length at most $mn+n-1-k$. The associated inverse question is to characterize those sequences with maximal length $mn+n-2+k$ that fail to contain a nontrivial zero-sum subsequence of length at most $mn+n-1-k$. For $k\leq 1$, this is the inverse question for the Davenport Constant. For $k=n-1$, this is the inverse question for the $\eta(G)$ invariant concerning short zero-sum subsequences. For $C_n\oplus C_n$ and $k\in [2,n-2]$, with $n\geq 5$ prime, it was conjectured in a paper of Grynkiewicz, Wang and Zhao that they must have the form $S=e_1^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} e_2^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} (e_1+e_2)^{[k]}$ for some basis $(e_1,e_2)$, with the conjecture established in many cases and later extended to composite moduli $n$. In this paper, we focus on the case $m\geq 2$. Assuming the conjectured structure holds for $k\in [2,n-2]$ in $C_n\oplus C_n$, we characterize the structure of all sequences of maximal length $mn+n-2+k$ in $C_n\oplus C_{mn}$ that fail to contain a nontrivial zero-sum of length at most $mn+n-1-k$, showing they must either have the form $S=e_1^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} e_2^{[sn-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} (e_1+e_2)^{[(m-s)n+k]}$ for some $s\in [1,m]$ and basis $(e_1,e_2)$ with $\mathsf{ord}(e_2)=mn$, or else have the form $S=g_1^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} g_2^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot} (g_1+g_2)^{[(m-1)n+k]}$ for some generating set $\{g_1,g_2\}$ with $\mathsf{ord}(g_1+g_2)=mn$. In view of prior work, this reduces the structural characterization for a general rank two abelian group to the case $C_p\oplus C_p$ with $p$ prime. Additionally, we give a new proof of the precise structure in the case $k=n-1$ for $m=1$. Combined with known results, our results unconditionally establish the structure of extremal sequences in $G=C_n\oplus C_{mn}$ in many cases, including when $n$ is only divisible by primes at most $7$, when $n\geq 2$ is a prime power and $k\leq \frac{2n+1}{3}$, or when $n$ is composite and $k=n-d-1$ or $n-2d+1$ for a proper, nontrivial divisor $d\mid n$.
The Legal Awareness of Juveniles in Archipelagic Areas Using Social Media
Authors: Zainuddin Z. , Salle Salle
Published: July 2022

This research aims to determine the legal awareness of juveniles in archipelagic areas using social media. This type of research is empirical legal research. The data was collected using a questionnaire and direct interviews. The data obtained in this research were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively with a sociological juridical approach to conclude the research's object. The results show that most of the legal awareness of juveniles in archipelagic areas is still low using social media. In this case, most juveniles do not know (54%) and do not understand (66%) on regulations for using social media. In addition, most behaviors of juveniles have violated (72%) of the regulations for using social media. Therefore, it is recommended for parents, teachers, and law enforcement officers to provide assistance and education to juveniles in using social media. In addition, law enforcement and local government officials can involve the participation of the community to be more intense in conducting legal counseling for juveniles. In this case, juveniles in archipelagic areas will have more legal awareness and comply with laws and regulations in the future.
MATH MODEL OF RUNNING INDEX FOR EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY AND TRACING THE FATIGUE LEVEL IN LONG-DISTANCE RUNNING
Authors: Konchev Mihail , Mitsov Dimcho
Published: July 2022

The aim of this case study was to develop and verify a math model of running index (RI) for evaluation and control of specific efficiency and tracing the fatigue level in long distance running. The suggested RI was modelled on the basis of polynomial function between the running velocity and the change in heart rate frequency (V=f(HR)). The method was designed in such a way that the infl uence of denivelation of the terrain was removed when calculating RI. The research was done among 19 highly qualified athletes competing in long distance running events (16 men and 3 women), with a mean age of 28 years (SD±8), BMI 20 (SD±2), maximum oxygen consumption 67 ml/min/kg (SD ±5). The participants in the research were subjected to two lab and two terrain surveys. In a period of one week after the testing, RI was traced and calculated on the basis of the data taken from the major training loads. The model was verified only for the studied subjects - highly qualified competitors in long-distance running. RI was tested for validity through comparing the values obtained from the lab and terrain tests. The obtained results showed there was no significant difference between the values of RI measured during the lab testing and the terrain testing compared to the values of the velocity of ventilatory and lactate anaerobic threshold (VAnT). The results from this research revealed that the suggested method for calculation of the running index is more accurate than the previous ones. This manuscript discusses the possible implications of this new method for measurement of RI. Future scientific research is needed to prove its efficiency and applicability in sport.
Wrestling with the Posthuman: Understanding the Relationship between Human Autonomy and Technology
Authors: Malík Jaroslav
Published: July 2022

In this paper, I examine the term "posthuman," which is often used to describe the possible future state of humanity. However, it is often difficult to understand what this term is meant to describe. I examine the claims of two movements that use this term: transhumanism and posthumanism. These movements are presented in the context of humanism. Both movements present how technologies are changing human autonomy and how posthuman beings arise out of this change. I formalise and critique these accounts of the posthuman. I conclude that neither movement adequately explains the transition from the human to the posthuman.
A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime
Authors: Bastrakova Marina V , Pashin Dmitrii S , Rybin Dmitriy A , Schegolev Andrey E , Klenov Nikolay V , Soloviev Igor I , Gorchavkina Anastasiya A , Satanin Arkady M
Published: July 2022

We explore the dynamics of an adiabatic neural cell of a perceptron artificial neural network in a quantum regime. This mode of cell operation is assumed for a hybrid system of a classical neural network whose configuration is dynamically adjusted by a quantum co-processor. Analytical and numerical studies take into account non-adiabatic processes as well as dissipation, which leads to smoothing of quantum coherent oscillations. The obtained results indicate the conditions under which the neuron possesses the required sigmoid activation function.
First series of N-alkylamino peptoid homooligomers: solution phase synthesis and conformational investigation
Authors: Pypec Maxime , Jouffret Laurent , Taillefumier Claude , Roy Olivier
Published: July 2022

The synthesis and conformational analysis of the first series of peptoid oligomers composed of consecutive N-(alkylamino)glycine units is investigated. We demonstrate that N-(methylamino)glycine homooligomers can be readily synthesized in solution using N-Boc-N-methylhydrazine as a peptoid submonomer and stepwise or segment coupling methodologies. Their structures were analyzed in solution by 1D and 2D NMR, in the solid state by X-ray crystallography (dimer 2), and implicit solvent QM geometry optimizations. N-(Methylamino)peptoids were found to preferentially adopt trans amide bonds with the side chain N–H bonds oriented approximately perpendicular to the amide plane. This orientation is conducive to local backbone stabilization through intra-residue hydrogen bonds but also to intermolecular associations. The high capacity of N-(methylamino)peptoids to establish intermolecular hydrogen bonds was notably deduced from pronounced concentration-dependent N–H chemical shift variation in 1H NMR and the antiparallel arrangement of mirror image molecules held together via two hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice of dimer 2.
Review on the Link between Technological Change, Climate Finance, and Market in Mitigating Climate Change
Authors: Mume Ibsa Dawid , Mohammed Feysal
Published: July 2022

Global Climate change has a negative impact on all sectors of the economy, eco-regions, and social groups. Identifying the risk, the international community is working to reverse the movement. By considering the climate change impacts, the global community is driving an effort of their capacity to prevent the trend. To reduce the impacts of climate change through measures such as reduction of GHG emissions. Linking technological change, climate finance, and the market is a key element for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in climate-smart agriculture. The purpose of this review is to highlight that technological change is closely linked to climate finance and the market in mitigating climate change, the role of technological change in mitigating climate change, the role of climate finance and financing mechanisms in mitigating climate change, and the market perspectives in mitigating climate change.
Analisis Putusan Berdasarkan Atas Keterangan Satu Orang Saksi Dalam Perspektif Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah
Authors:   Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surakarta, Suparnyo Suparnyo
Published: July 2022

The law of proof in a case is a very important thing, because the most important task of procedural law is to determine the truth in a conflict of interest. It is in determining the truth that evidence is sought that will provide information for the judge in making the final decision. This study aims to determine the analysis of the decision based on the testimony of one witness in the perspective of Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah. This research is based on a study of the literature or also called library research, namely: Data sources consist of primary data sources, namely the book "al-Turuuqu al-Hukmiyyah fi Siyasah wa Syar'iyyah" by Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyah and secondary data sources consist of the Koran, hadith, fiqh books and previous research, Data Analysis in the form of: Analytical and Comparative Descriptive, namely analyzing data by comparing the opinions of the scholars then selecting the strongest and most valid opinion or looking for possibilities for compromised. The results of the study indicate that a judge may give a decision based on the testimony of one witness, including in cases of seeing the new moon at the beginning of Ramadan, statements of expert witnesses, cases that should not be seen by men and the last is in cases of witness statements in translation. and the like and do not apply in criminal cases.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of perioperaive sufentanil and remifentanil: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol and meta-analysis
Authors:   Chung-Ang University, Choi Geunjoo , Kim HyoJin , Kang Hyun
Published: July 2022

Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to compare the efficacy and safety of perioperaive sufentanil and remifentanil use in patients receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia. Condition being studied: Patients receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia, and receving sufentanil or remifentanil during the operation. Information sources: We will search articles in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar from their inception up to August, 2022. To obtain more comprehensive search results, we will also search the ClinicalTrials.gov and cris.nih.go.kr for ongoing or incomplete clinical trials. We will also conduct a search of gray literature using OpenSIGLE.
Impact of immunotherapy with pseudomonas serotip xv etanolic extract (Cantastim) on local recurrence and survival at 3 and 5 years in operated rectal cancer
Authors:   General Surgery Clinic II, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Pesu Daniela Aurora , Zarnescu Eugenia Claudia ,   General Surgery Clinic II, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Zarnescu Narcis Octavian ,   General Surgery Clinic II, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Sanda Nicoleta Aurelia ,   General Surgery Clinic II, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Mihai Stejara Nicoleta ,   General Surgery Clinic II, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Salageanu Aurora ,   Research and Development Center, “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania, Neagu Stefan Ilie ,   Academy of Medical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania,   Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2022

Although most recurrences (approximately 80%) occur in the first three years after a curative resection, a recurrence of CRC can occur even ten years after the initial curative resection (dormant spread of cancer cells). Immunotherapy is an emerging therapy with high potential. The immune system plays a major role in the development of CRC. This has led to innovative new therapies, such as cancer vaccines and T-cell stimulation therapies. Cantastim belongs to the class of nonspecific immunostimulators or immunomodulators, most of which are of bacterial origin and are used as mono- or polymicrobial suspensions. Cantastim is an ethanolic extract obtained from a pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype XV. The beneficial effect of immunotherapy with Cantastim was more pronounced for the local developmental stages (I and II) than for the later stages.
‘El Anticristo es ya descubierto’: escatología, propaganda luterana y las Coplas de Jorge Manrique a mediados del siglo XVI
Authors: CORRADINE JIMENA GAMBA
Published: July 2022

En este artículo estudio un corpus mínimo de textos en castellano de propaganda reformista y literatura creada en contextos de cierta heterodoxia. En la primera parte reviso el contexto de producción y difusión de un panfleto antipapal que circuló en España en 1559, así como el impreso la Imagen del Antechristo (ca. 1557). Vinculo estos dos textos con tradiciones protestantes iconográficas y con ideas de propaganda luterana, como la venida del Anticristo o el juicio final. En la segunda parte estudio cómo estos dos testimonios utilizan las Coplas a la muerte de su padre de Manrique, lo que se traduce en una interpretación heterodoxa de este clásico castellano.
Negotiation and Alliance on Display: Nahuas and Franciscans in the Production of Early Colonial Theatre
Authors: RODRIGUEZ VERONICA
Published: July 2022

In early colonial Mexico, theatrical representations were considered one of the most effective tools of evangelization. While traditional narratives of missionary work tend to underscore the control of the Franciscans over the Nahuas, and therefore over the production of cultural artifacts such as plays, power relations were not unilateral, as the Franciscans encountered linguistic and cultural barriers that required the collaboration of the Nahuas. This article provides an analysis of two early plays, La conquista de Rodas and La conquista de Jerusalén, in which it is possible to see a negotiated, but necessary, collaboration between Franciscans and Nahuas. It argues that such collaboration was possible due to a system of relations in which Franciscans and Nahuas were constantly negotiating and making concessions based on their political and social needs. It shows that they used these performances to display their own social and political messages.
Detailed Description of the Collision Frequency in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Wargnier Q. M. , Martínez-Sykora J. , Hansteen V. H. , De Pontieu B.
Published: July 2022

This work aims to provide an accurate description and calculations of collision frequencies in conditions relevant to the solar atmosphere. To do so, we focus on the detailed description of the collision frequency in the solar atmosphere based on a classical formalism with Chapman–Cowling collision integrals, as described by Zhdanov. These collision integrals allow linking the macroscopic transport fluxes of multifluid models to the kinetic scales involved in the Boltzmann equations. In this context, the collision frequencies are computed accurately while being consistent at the kinetic level. We calculate the collision frequencies based on this formalism and compare them with approaches commonly used in the literature for conditions typical of the solar atmosphere. To calculate the collision frequencies, we focus on the collision integral data provided by Bruno et al., which is based on a multicomponent hydrogen–helium mixture used for conditions typical for the atmosphere of Jupiter. We perform a comparison with the classical formalism of Vranjes & Krstic and Leake & Linton. We highlight the differences obtained in the distribution of the cross sections as functions of the temperature. Then, we quantify the disparities obtained in numerical simulations of a 2.5D solar atmosphere by calculating collision frequencies and ambipolar diffusion. This strategy allows us to validate and assess the accuracy of these collision frequencies for conditions typical of the solar atmosphere.
Search for New Cosmic-Ray Acceleration Sites within the 4FGL Catalog Galactic Plane Sources
Authors: Abdollahi S. , Acero F. , Ackermann M. , Baldini L. , Ballet J. , Barbiellini G. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Berenji B. , Berretta A. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. D. , Bonino R. , Bruel P. , Buson S. , Cameron R. A. , Caputo R. , Caraveo P. A. , Castro D. , Chiaro G. , Cibrario N. , Ciprini S. , Coronado-Blázquez J. , Crnogorcevic M. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , De Gaetano S. , Di Lalla N. , Dirirsa F. , Di Venere L. , Domínguez A. , Fegan S. J. , Fiori A. , Fleischhack H. , Franckowiak A. , Fukazawa Y. , Fusco P. , Gammaldi V. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giacchino F. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Glanzman T. , Green D. , Grenier I. A. , Grondin M.-H. , Guiriec S. , Gustafsson M. , Harding A. K. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Horan D. , Hou X. , Jóhannesson G. , Kayanoki T. , Kerr M. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Li J. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lubrano P. , Maldera S. , Malyshev D. , Manfreda A. , Martí-Devesa G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mereu I. , Michelson P. F. , Mirabal N. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. V. , Nuss E. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paneque D. , Pei Z. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Pillera R. , Poon H. , Porter T. A. , Principe G. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Rani B. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Reposeur T. , Sánchez-Conde M. , Saz Parkinson P. M. , Scotton L. , Serini D. , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Sueoka K. , Suson D. J. , Tajima H. , Tak D. , Thayer J. B. , Torres D. F. , Troja E. , Valverde J. , Wadiasingh Z. , Wood K. , Zaharijas G.
Published: July 2022

Cosmic rays are mostly composed of protons accelerated to relativistic speeds. When those protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma-rays. This offers a compelling way to identify the acceleration sites of protons. A characteristic hadronic spectrum, with a low-energy break around 200 MeV, was detected in the gamma-ray spectra of four supernova remnants (SNRs), IC 443, W44, W49B, and W51C, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provided direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are (re-)accelerated in SNRs. Here, we present a comprehensive search for low-energy spectral breaks among 311 4FGL catalog sources located within 5° from the Galactic plane. Using 8 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope between 50 MeV and 1 GeV, we find and present the spectral characteristics of 56 sources with a spectral break confirmed by a thorough study of systematic uncertainty. Our population of sources includes 13 SNRs for which the proton–proton interaction is enhanced by the dense target material; the high-mass gamma-ray binary LS I+61 303; the colliding wind binary η Carinae; and the Cygnus star-forming region. This analysis better constrains the origin of the gamma-ray emission and enlarges our view to potential new cosmic-ray acceleration sites.
Tracing Lyα and LyC Escape in Galaxies with Mg ii Emission
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Henry Alaina , Heckman Timothy , Chisholm John , Worseck Gábor , Gronke Max , Jaskot Anne , McCandliss Stephan R. , Flury Sophia R. , Giavalisco Mauro , Ji Zhiyuan , Amorín Ricardo O. , Berg Danielle A. , Borthakur Sanchayeeta , Bouche Nicolas , Carr Cody , Erb Dawn K. , Ferguson Harry , Garel Thibault , Hayes Matthew , Makan Kirill , Marques-Chaves Rui , Rutkowski Michael , Östlin Göran , Rafelski Marc , Saldana-Lopez Alberto , Scarlata Claudia , Schaerer Daniel , Trebitsch Maxime , Tremonti Christy , Verhamme Anne , Wang Bingjie
Published: July 2022

Star-forming galaxies are considered the likeliest source of the H i ionizing Lyman continuum (LyC) photons that reionized the intergalactic medium at high redshifts. However, above z ≳ 6, the neutral intergalactic medium prevents direct observations of LyC. Therefore, recent years have seen the development of indirect indicators for LyC that can be calibrated at lower redshifts and applied in the epoch of reionization. Emission from the Mg ii
λλ2796, 2803 doublet has been proposed as a promising LyC proxy. In this paper, we present new Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations for eight LyC emitter candidates, selected to have strong Mg ii emission lines. We securely detect LyC emission in 50% (4/8) of the galaxies with 2σ significance. This high detection rate suggests that strong Mg ii emitters might be more likely to leak LyC than similar galaxies without strong Mg ii. Using photoionization models, we constrain the escape fraction of Mg ii as ∼15%–60%. We confirm that the escape fraction of Mg ii correlates tightly with that of Lyα, which we interpret as an indication that the escape fraction of both species is controlled by resonant scattering in the same low column density gas. Furthermore, we show that the combination of the Mg ii emission and dust attenuation can be used to estimate the escape fraction of LyC statistically. These findings confirm that Mg ii emission can be adopted to estimate the escape fraction of Lyα and LyC in local star-forming galaxies and may serve as a useful indirect indicator at the epoch of reionization.
Periodic Solar Wind Structures Observed in Measurements of Elemental and Ionic Composition in situ at L1
Authors: Gershkovich Irena , Lepri Susan T. , Viall Nicholeen M. , Matteo Simone Di , Kepko Larry
Published: July 2022

Mesoscale periodic structures observed in solar wind plasma serve as an important diagnostic tool for constraining the processes that govern the formation of the solar wind. These structures have been observed in situ and in remote data as fluctuations in proton and electron density. However, only two events of this type have been reported regarding the elemental and ionic composition. Composition measurements are especially important in gaining an understanding of the origin of the solar wind as the composition is frozen into the plasma at the Sun and does not evolve as it advects through the heliosphere. Here, we present the analysis of four events containing mesoscale periodic solar wind structure during which the Iron and Magnesium number density data, measured by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, are validated at statistically significant count levels. We use a spectral analysis method specifically designed to extract periodic signals from astrophysical time series and apply it to the SWICS 12 minute native resolution data set. We find variations in the relative abundance of elements with low first ionization potential, mass dependencies, and charge state during time intervals in which mesoscale periodic structures are observed. These variations are linked to temporal or spatial variations in solar source regions and put constraints on the solar wind formation mechanisms that produce them. Techniques presented here are relevant for future, higher-resolution studies of data from new instruments such as Solar Orbiter’s Heavy Ion Sensor.
On the Evolution of Rotational Modulation Amplitude in Solar-mass Main-sequence Stars
Authors: Masuda Kento
Published: July 2022

We investigate the relation between rotation periods P
rot and photometric modulation amplitudes R
per for ≈4000 Sun-like main-sequence stars observed by Kepler, using P
rot and R
per from McQuillan et al., effective temperature T
eff from LAMOST DR6, and parallax data from Gaia EDR3. As has been suggested in previous works, we find that P
rot scaled by the convective turnover time τ
c, or the Rossby number Ro, serves as a good predictor of R
per: R
per plateaus at around 1% in relative flux for 0.2 ≲ Ro/Ro⊙ ≲ 0.4, and decays steeply with increasing Ro for 0.4 ≲ Ro/Ro⊙ ≲ 0.8, where Ro⊙ denotes Ro of the Sun. In the latter regime we find

d

ln

R

per

/

d

ln

Ro

∼ −4.5 to −2.5, although the value is sensitive to detection bias against weak modulation and may depend on other parameters including T
eff and surface metallicity. The existing X-ray and Ca ii H and K flux data also show transitions at Ro/Ro⊙ ∼ 0.4, suggesting that all these transitions share the same physical origin. We also find that the rapid decrease of R
per with increasing Ro causes rotational modulation of fainter Kepler stars with Ro/Ro⊙ ≳ 0.6 to be buried under the photometric noise. This effect sets the longest P
rot detected in the McQuillan et al. sample as a function of T
eff and obscures the signature of stalled spin down that has been proposed to set in around Ro/Ro⊙ ∼ 1.
Dynamic Property and Magnetic Nonpotentiality of Two Types of Confined Solar Flares
Authors: Duan Xuchun , Li Ting , Jing Qihang
Published: July 2022

We analyze 152 large confined flares (GOES class ≥ M1.0 and ≤ 45° from disk center) during 2010−2019, and classify them into two types according to the criterion taken from the work of Li et al. “Type I” flares are characterized by slipping motions of flare loops and ribbons and a stable filament underlying the flare loops. “Type II” flares are associated with the failed eruptions of the filaments, which can be explained by the classical 2D flare model. A total of 59 flares are “Type I” flares (about 40%) and 93 events are “Type II” flares (about 60%). There are significant differences in distributions of the total unsigned magnetic flux (ΦAR) of active regions (ARs) producing the two types of confined flares, with “Type I” confined flares from ARs with a larger ΦAR than “Type II.” We calculate the mean shear angle ΨHFED within the core of an AR prior to the flare onset, and find that it is slightly smaller for “Type I” flares than that for “Type II” events. The relative nonpotentiality parameter ΨHFED/ΦAR has the best performance in distinguishing the two types of flares. About 73% of “Type I” confined flares have ΨHFED/ΦAR<1.0 × 10−21 degree Mx−1, and about 66% of “Type II” confined events have ΨHFED/ΦAR ≥ 1.0 × 10−21 degree Mx−1. We suggest that “Type I” confined flares cannot be explained by the standard flare model in 2D/3D, and the occurrence of multiple slipping magnetic reconnections within the complex magnetic systems probably leads to the observed flare.
Des pratiques d’État à l’état de l’intime
Authors: Barrett Fiedler Emma
Published: July 2022

La diffusion rapide, dans les pays européens, d’un modèle de cours d’intégration 1 obligatoires à destination de la plupart des migrants extra-européens considérés comme candidats à une installation durable, renouvelle le visage de la gestion administrative de l’immigration régulière. Une immersion ethnographique au sein des formations linguistiques et civiques de l’ Office français de l’immigration et de l’intégration ( ofii ) à Marseille et de leurs équivalents allemands encadrés par l’Office fédéral pour la migration et les réfugiés ( Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge [ bamf ]) à Leipzig, permet l’observation empirique de l’institutionnalisation, dans un cadre scolaire, des processus d’intégration et de ses effets sur les subjectivités des migrants concernés. Le volontarisme républicain et la motivation exigée de la part des participants à un moment précis par l’institution, se voient confrontés aux préoccupations quotidiennes des migrants dans le pays d’accueil et à une résistance infra-politique qui tend à renforcer leurs expériences de l’exil, en aiguisant les phénomènes typiques de nostalgie, d’auto-exotisme, et finalement le sentiment d’être étranger.
La gestion administrative des mineurs non accompagnés en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Käckmeister Hannes
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose une lecture croisée des pratiques de sélection et de classement mises en œuvre dans deux services administratifs chargés d’évaluer l’âge des jeunes migrants se déclarant mineurs, l’un en France et l’autre en Allemagne. Les professionnels en charge de cette évaluation, en l’occurrence des travailleurs sociaux, mobilisent de multiples critères qui sont similaires de part et d’autre du Rhin — apparence physique, comportement, cohérence du récit —, mais ils s’engagent dans des voies différentes et se fixent des priorités divergentes quand il s’agit de rendre et de justifier leurs décisions. L’article analyse et met en lumière ces différences à travers une comparaison entre la France et l’Allemagne.
Capitales solidaires ? Gouvernance de l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés à Berlin et à Paris
Authors: Bonn Laura
Published: July 2022

Face à l’augmentation du nombre de demandes d’asile au sein de l’Union européenne ( ue ) en 2015, Berlin et Paris, qui se présentent comme des villes solidaires, ont adopté des stratégies politiques locales visant l’accueil et l’intégration des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés. En s’appuyant sur une enquête qualitative et longitudinale, cet article montre dans quelle mesure les processus de prise de décision et d’inscription de la question de l’accueil et de l’intégration des réfugiés et des demandeurs d’asile sur l’agenda politique dans les deux capitales sont conditionnés par le contexte local et la compétition politique.
À qui profite le « pescatourisme » ? Les petits pêcheurs au cœur des mutations industrielles des littoraux bretons
Authors: Clouette Fabien
Published: July 2022

À partir de matériaux issus d’une enquête ethnographique, l’article analyse les tenants et aboutissants du développement du pescatourisme en Bretagne et son rapport ambigu à la petite pêche. Dans un premier temps, nous revenons sur le contexte portuaire faisant émerger cette activité sur le littoral breton, et ses liens avec un tourisme patrimonial. Nous montrons ensuite comment l’image sociale des petits pêcheurs est au cœur de la stratégie identitaire de valorisation de l’industrie, alors même que ces petits pêcheurs subissent un contexte de concentration des capitaux et des droits de pêche qui fait fondre leurs flottilles. L’inscription du pescatourisme sur les côtes bretonnes se fait sur fond de tensions politiques autour de la patrimonialisation des activités de pêche, et par l’usage d’images sociales contradictoires.
La formation au « soin de manutention raisonné » : (re)trouver le sens du métier
Authors: Malet Dorothée , Falzon Pierre , Vidal-Gomel Christine
Published: July 2022

Contexte : la manutention du patient génère des atteintes à la santé des soignants depuis de nombreuses années. En réponse à cette sinistralité, des formations basées sur une pédagogie démonstrative sont souvent proposées, avec pour objectif l’apprentissage du « bon » geste. Objectifs : développer une formation qui favorise le raisonnement des apprenants pour la construction d’un geste adapté et situé, émancipateur pour le professionnel et respectueux de l’autonomie, du bien-être du bénéficiaire. Méthode : la recherche s’appuie sur des données empiriques recueillies dans le cadre de la conception et du déploiement de sessions de formation à destination de soignants et d’élèves aides-soignantes. Ces formations font appel à la simulation et proposent aux participants de construire eux-mêmes les scénarios de simulation. Résultats : les apprenants sont capables de concevoir des scénarios subjectivement et pédagogiquement pertinents. Les échanges lors des phases de conception, de simulation et de débriefing permettent aux apprenants de s’accorder sur des solutions acceptables, singulières, et de débattre du métier en appréhendant la manutention comme un soin à part entière. Conclusion : le dispositif de formation est une alternative aux approches classiques de la manutention. Il permet de développer la capacité de raisonnement des apprenants pour (re) donner du sens au travail.
Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis
Authors: Campagna Giovanni A. , Chew Leila , Pettenkofer Moritz , Nicoletti Eileen , Schwartz Jonathan D. , Choi Grace , Fernandes Augustine O. , Terrazas Dayna , Kohn Donald B. , Tsui Irena
Published: July 2022

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare inherited disorder with neurological complications and a shortened life expectancy. Vision loss is typically attributed to osseous compression of the optic nerves at the level of the optic canal. Fundus imaging is reported, as well as the first optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in this rare condition. Imaging revealed optic nerve pallor, subfoveal ellipsoid zone disruption, and an enlarged foveal avascular zone. These results provide insight regarding other potential mechanisms of vision loss in these patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022; 53:398–402.]
Morphological Features of Full-Thickness Macular Holes Using Retromode Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Savastano Maria Cristina , Kilian Raphael Andreas , Savastano Alfonso , Caporossi Tomaso , Molle Andrea , Ripa Matteo , Bacherini Daniela , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (RM-SLO) is a new imaging modality displaying pseudo-3D retinal images. We assessed the correlation between the morphological features of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) when using spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and when using RM-SLO.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective observational case series in which patients were examined through SD-OCT and RM-SLO after informed consent was obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) were used to assess interobserver agreement and the correlation between the diameters measured with the two techniques.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 20 patients (20 eyes) with an average hole aperture size of 426 μm (140–890 μm) on SD-OCT and 56 pixels (19–102 pixels) on RM-SLO. ICC and PCC were 0.999 and 0.992, respectively. “Standard” and “double-ring” FTMH patterns were described on RM-SLO and related well with SD-OCT findings.

CONCLUSIONS:

RM-SLO is a reliable method for FTMH-diameter evaluation and identifies unique pseudo-3D morphological features consistent with their B-scan counterparts.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022; 53:368–373.]
Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics augmentation using Dual-GAN for ankle instability detection
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Chen , Zheng Bin , Guo Qinwei , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhang Dezheng , Wulamu Aziguli
Published: July 2022

Obtaining massive amounts of training data is often crucial for computer-assisted diagnosis using deep learning. Unfortunately, patient data is often small due to varied constraints. We develop a new approach to extract significant features from a small clinical gait analysis dataset to improve computer-assisted diagnosis of Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) patients. In this paper, we present an approach for augmenting spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics using the Dual Generative Adversarial Networks (Dual-GAN) to train a series of modified Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) detection models making the training process more data-efficient. Namely, we use LSTM-, LSTM-Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN)-, and Convolutional LSTM-based detection models to identify the patients with CAI. The Dual-GAN enables the synthesized data to approximate the real data distribution visualized by the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm. Then we trained the proposed detection models using real data collected from a controlled laboratory study and mixed data from real and synthesized gait features. The detection models were tested in real data to validate the positive role in data augmentation as well as to demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the modified LSTM algorithm for CAI detection using spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics in walking. Dual-GAN generated efficient spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics to augment the training set promoting the performance of CAI detection and the modified LSTM algorithm yielded an enhanced classification outcome to identify those CAI patients from a group of control subjects based on gait analysis data than any previous reports.