bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the Versatility of Thin Flap from the Groin Area as a Workhorse Flap: The Selective Use of Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator (SCIP) Free Flap and Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery (SIEA) Free Flap with Precise Preoperative Planning
Authors: Kim Hyung Bae , Min Jae Chung , Pak Changsik John , Hong Joon Pio Jp , Suh Hyunsuk Peter
Published: June 2022

Background This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the selective use of the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) and the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap as a workhorse flap from the groin area with precise preoperative surgical planning.

Methods A total of 79 free flap reconstructions were performed in the study period; 35 SCIP free flaps and 19 SIEA free flaps were performed in the study period. Detailed preoperative surgical planning was performed using computed tomography (CT) angiography and color Doppler ultrasound. Detailed anatomical information of the flaps and reconstructive outcomes were evaluated.

Results Flap characteristics between SCIP free flaps and SIEA free flaps were similar. The average transverse distance of the perforator from anterior superior iliac spine was 15.91 cm in SCIP free flaps and 43.15 cm in SIEA free flaps. The overall flap success rate was 96.4%. Majority of the patients achieved satisfactory contour without debulking surgery. Donor site morbidity was minimal with one case of wound dehiscence.

Conclusion The selective use of the SCIP and SIEA free flap in groin area is a safe and useful technique. The surgical outcomes were reliable and similar between the SCIP and SIEA free flaps. Preoperative vascular planning using CT angiography and color Doppler ultrasound is essential for selecting the proper flap.
A Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors for Breast Skin Necrosis following Autologous versus Device-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Lu Wang Marcos , Valenti Alyssa B. , Thomas Gianni , Huang Hao , Cohen Leslie E. , Otterburn David M.
Published: June 2022

Background Mastectomy skin flap necrosis often necessitates prolonged wound care, surgical re-excision, and it increases the risk for infection. This study aims to compare rates of skin flap necrosis between autologous and device-based reconstructions and identify risk factors.

Methods The authors retrospectively identified patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using either the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap (n = 373 breasts, 41%) or tissue expanders (n = 529 breasts, 59%) by two surgeons at a single institution between 2011 and 2021. The rate of skin flap necrosis between autologous and device-based reconstructions was compared and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors.

Results There was no significant difference in rates of skin flap necrosis between the two cohorts (26.8 vs. 15.5%, p = 0.052). Across all patients, hypertension and body mass index >30 were significant predictors of necrosis (p = 0.024 and p <0.001, respectively). Within our DIEP cohort, mastectomy specimen weight was a significant risk factor for necrosis (p = 0.001). The DIEP flap weight itself did not confer a higher risk for necrosis (p = 0.8).

Conclusion Immediate autologous reconstruction does not place patients at higher risk of skin necrosis. Hypertension and obesity (body mass index >30) were independent risk factors for necrosis in all patients. Mastectomy specimen weight was a significant predictor of necrosis in DIEP flap patients while the DIEP flap weight itself did not increase the risk for necrosis.
Dynamized Aloysia Polystachya (Griseb.) Essential Oil: A Promising Antimicrobial Product
Authors: Nader Talita Thomaz , Leonel Alexandre Henrique , Henrique Camila Yamasita , Contini Silvia Helena Taleb , Crevelin Eduardo José , França Suzelei de Castro , Berton Bianca Waléria , Pereira Ana Maria Soares
Published: June 2022

Background Compounds from vegetal matter have therapeutic potential to control highly prevalent microorganisms that are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs. Dynamization of compounds can either maintain or improve their therapeutic effects, and make their use safer, especially those compounds whose therapeutic dose is close to the toxic limit. Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) stands out among aromatic plants with antimicrobial potential.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dynamized and crude forms of A. polystachya essential oil against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods Essential oil was extracted from A. polystachya dry leaves, solubilized, and dynamized at 1 cH potency as recommended by the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus of the samples was assayed using the plate microdilution method.

Results Dynamized A. polystachya essential oil at the concentration of 1 μg/mL inhibited the growth of all the microbial species analyzed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of dynamized essential oil was smaller than crude essential oil for S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans.

Conclusion It is reported for the first time that A. polystachya dynamized essential oil can effectively suppress microbial growth, and it is a promising adjuvant to treat infections with pathogenic S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans.
Rotation of the Tibial Plateau Segment to Control Arterial Haemorrhage during Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Experimental Study and Nine Clinical Cases
Authors: Roses Leonor , Lopez de la Oliva Paula , Arnott Davinia
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to describe a simple and effective method to control severe haemorrhage from intraoperative trauma to the cranial tibial artery (CTA) during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and to report long-term outcomes.

Study Design Cadaveric descriptive study and retrospective case series. A TPLO was performed in eight cadaveric limbs, followed by intentional laceration of the CTA under fluoroscopic guidance. Dissection of the limb was performed and the relationship between the CTA and the surrounding structures was evaluated. A computed tomography angiogram was performed following TPLO in one cadaveric limb. Medical records from cases that had intraoperative arterial bleeding between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Cases were included if bleeding was controlled by following the usual steps for TPLO. Radiographic follow-up 6 to 10 weeks postoperatively and long-term follow-up owner's questionnaire were available.

Results During TPLO, the CTA is tightly compressed between the caudal aspect of the proximal tibia and the popliteal musculature. Rotation and compression of the proximal tibia followed by closure of the pes anserinus successfully controlled arterial bleeding during TPLO in nine clinical cases without the need for direct ligation.

Conclusion Continuing the usual steps of a TPLO can successfully control intraoperative bleeding from the CTA with no long-term complications. This technique should be considered in cases of arterial bleeding during TPLO before direct ligation.
Iatrogenic Iliopsoas Tendon Injury May Occur during Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy—An Ex-Vivo Study in Dogs
Authors: Gillis Charlotte E. , Jaffe Michael H. , Lee Alison M. , Seitz Marc A.
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if inadvertent iatrogenic damage to the iliopsoas tendon can occur during routine femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO), using a cadaveric dog model.

Study Design Four cadaveric specimens (eight hindlimbs total) of dogs that were humanely euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. Pre-experimental radiography confirmed absence of pelvic or femoral comorbidities. Each limb of each paired sample was randomly assigned as either dissection-only control or FHO. The simulated FHO procedures were performed by an American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomate, and post-procedure radiography confirmed appropriate ostectomy. The FHO limbs underwent pre- and postoperative ultrasonographic investigation by an American College of Veterinary Radiology diplomate. Finally, the FHO limbs were grossly dissected, and abnormalities were documented.

Results Gross visual damage was seen on all postoperative FHO limbs. The damage was most apparent in extreme external rotation of the limb at dissection. Yet, ultrasound investigation did not reveal changes associated with these gross lesions.

Conclusion Iatrogenic inadvertent damage to the iliopsoas tendon may occur during routine FHO, as demonstrated in this ex vivo model; however, this result is not evidence for clinical relevance. A prospective clinical study is needed to assess if iliopsoas injury secondary to FHO has any clinical impact on recovery and limb function.
Prediction of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Status in Breast Cancers with PET/CT Negative Axilla
Authors: Chinnappan Sheela , Chandra Piyush , Kumar Senthil , Sridev M.B. , Jain Deepti , Chandran Ganesan , Nath Satish
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim Prior knowledge of axillary node status can spare a lot of patients with early breast cancer morbidity due to an unnecessary axillary dissection. Our study compared various metabolic and pathological features that can predict the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) status in patients with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) negative axilla.

Patients and Methods All consecutive patients with early breast cancers (< 5 cm) with PET/CT negative axilla who underwent breast surgery and SLNB from November 2016 to February 2020 were included. Various primary tumor (PT) pathological variables and metabolic variables on PET/CT such as maximum standardized uptake value (PT-SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (PT-MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (PT-TLG) were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for prediction of SLNB status.

Results Overall 70 patients, all female, with mean age 55.6 years (range: 33–77) and mean tumor size 2.2 cm (range: 0.7–4.5), were included. SLNB was positive in 20% of patients (n = 14) with nonsentinel nodes positive in 4% (n = 3) patients. Comparing SLNB positive and negative groups, univariate analysis showed significant association of SLNB with low tumor grade, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), positive estrogen receptor (ER) status with lower mean Ki-67 index (34.41 vs. 52.02%; p = 0.02), PT-SUVmax (5.40 vs. 8.68; p = 0.036), PT-MTV (4.71 cc vs. 7.46 cc; p = 0.05), and PT-TLG (15.12 g/mL.cc vs. 37.10 g/mL.cc; p = 0.006). On multivariate analysis, only LVI status was a significant independent predictor of SLNB status (odds ratio = 6.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.15–33.6; p = 0.033).

Conclusion SLNB is positive in approximately 20% of early breast cancers with PET/CT negative axilla and SLNB status appears to be independent of PT size. SLNB+ PTs were more likely to be LVI+ and ER + ve, with lower grade/Ki-67/metabolic activity (SUVmax/MTV/TLG) compared with SLNB–ve tumors. Logistic regression analysis revealed LVI status as the only significant independent predictor of sentinel lymph node status.
To Compare the Dimensional Accuracy of Casts Obtained from Different Impression Techniques in Implant Prosthodontics: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Dhanda Aaina , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Sharma Ruchi
Published: June 2022

Introduction Obtaining an appropriate impression of the implant position and surrounding soft and hard tissues is paramount to fabricating an esthetically and biologically functional definitive restoration.

Materials and Methods An edentulous maxillary acrylic master model was chosen. Four dummy implants were drilled into this model from the first premolar to first premolar region at equal distance using a dental surveyor to ensure parallel placement of the implants. Ten samples, each made for open tray (Group A), closed tray direct (Group B), and closed tray indirect (Group C) techniques using polyvinylsiloxane, were poured in type IV dental stone and 30 samples were hence obtained. The linear distance between the four implants were measured using the profile projector for each of the cast. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.

Observation and Results Inter-implant and inter-abutment linear distances were measured (in mm) for the master model and the samples for 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 4, and 1 to 4, and the maximum deviation was found in Group B.

Conclusion The dimensional accuracy of casts obtained from closed tray indirect impression technique was the highest with linear distance values closest to the implant master model followed by open tray, and the least accuracy was found for closed tray direct impression technique.
Formation and relaxation of K−2 and K−2V double-core-hole states in n-butane
Authors: Koulentianos D. , Carravetta V. , Couto R. C. , Andersson J. , Hult Roos A. , Squibb R. J. , Wallner M. , Eland J. H. D. , Simon M. , Ågren H. , Feifel R.
Published: June 2022

Using a magnetic bottle multi-electron time-of-flight spectrometer in combination with synchrotron radiation, double-core-hole pre-edge and continuum states involving the K-shell of the carbon atoms in n-butane (n-C4H10) have been identified, where the ejected core electron(s) and the emitted Auger electrons from the decay of such states have been detected in coincidence. An assignment of the main observed spectral features is based on the results of multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) calculations for the excitation energies and static exchange (STEX) calculations for energies and intensities. MCSCF results have been analyzed in terms of static and dynamic electron relaxation as well as electron correlation contributions to double-core-hole state ionization potentials. The analysis of applicability of the STEX method, which implements the one-particle picture toward the complete basis set limit, is motivated by the fact that it scales well toward large species. We find that combining the MCSCF and STEX techniques is a viable approach to analyze double-core-hole spectra.
Eigenvalue distribution of large random matrices arising in deep neural networks: Orthogonal case
Authors: Pastur L.
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with the distribution of singular values of the input–output Jacobian of deep untrained neural networks in the limit of their infinite width. The Jacobian is the product of random matrices where the independent weight matrices alternate with diagonal matrices whose entries depend on the corresponding column of the nearest neighbor weight matrix. The problem has been considered in the several recent studies of the field for the Gaussian weights and biases and also for the weights that are Haar distributed orthogonal matrices and Gaussian biases. Based on a free probability argument, it was claimed in those papers that, in the limit of infinite width (matrix size), the singular value distribution of the Jacobian coincides with that of the analog of the Jacobian with special random but weight independent diagonal matrices, the case well known in random matrix theory. In this paper, we justify the claim for random Haar distributed weight matrices and Gaussian biases. This, in particular, justifies the validity of the mean field approximation in the infinite width limit for the deep untrained neural networks and extends the macroscopic universality of random matrix theory to this new class of random matrices.
Optimization of the double-laser-pulse scheme for enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules
Authors: Xu Long , Tutunnikov Ilia , Prior Yehiam , Averbukh Ilya Sh.
Published: June 2022

We present a comprehensive study of enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules excited by a pair of delayed cross-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. We show that by optimizing the pulses’ parameters, a significant degree (∼10%) of enantioselective orientation can be achieved at 0 and 5 K rotational temperatures. This study suggests a set of reasonable experimental conditions for inducing and measuring strong enantioselective orientation. The strong enantioselective orientation and the wide availability of the femtosecond laser systems required for the proposed experiments may open new avenues for discriminating and separating molecular enantiomers.
In-depth understanding of physical mechanism of the gradual switching in AlOxNy-based RRAM as memory and synapse device
Authors: Duan Yiwei , Gao Haixia , Qian Mengyi , Sun Yuxin , Wu Shuliang , Guo Jingshu , Yang Mei , Ma Xiaohua , Yang Yintang
Published: June 2022

This paper reported the Pt/AlOxNy/Ta structure with oxygen scavenging metal Ta as a top electrode in order to achieve excellent data storage and the artificial synaptic function. As a series resistance layer and a thermal enhanced layer, the TaOx interface layer between the resistance switching (RS) layer and the top electrode (TE) can greatly affect the RS characteristics. These effects can be attributed to properties of the interface layer such as thermal and electrical conductivities, suggesting that properties of the interface layer should be carefully and systematically considered if excellent RS characteristics are desirable. Based on the electrical testing and current conduction mechanism analyses, the major factors affecting the bipolar gradual RS behavior can be concluded as the property of the interface layer between the RS layer and TE, the Joule heating caused by current, and the distribution of the electric field on the interface layer.
Near wake of a propeller across a hydrofoil at incidence
Authors: Posa A. , Broglia R.
Published: June 2022

Large-eddy simulations of a propeller operating upstream of a hydrofoil at incidence were conducted on a cylindrical grid consisting of almost 4 × 109 points. This manuscript, focused on the interaction between the tip and hub vortices shed by the propeller with the downstream hydrofoil, is part of a broader study, including the analysis of the boundary layer on the hydrofoil [A. Posa and R. Broglia, “Flow over a hydrofoil at incidence immersed within the wake of a propeller,” Phys. Fluids 33, 125108 (2021)] and the downstream development of the wake of the overall system [A. Posa and R. Broglia, “Development of the wake shed by a system composed of a propeller and a rudder at incidence,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 94, 108919 (2022)]. The results demonstrate a substantial influence by the orientation of the hydrofoil on the propeller wake. The pressure and suction side branches of the tip vortices experience outward and inward spanwise shifts across the hydrofoil, respectively. However, these shifts are affected significantly by the angle of incidence. As a result, the propeller wake undergoes an overall contraction on the suction side of the hydrofoil, promoting higher levels of shear and turbulence and a faster growth of the boundary layer thickness. The opposite occurs on the pressure side of the hydrofoil, producing eventually a strong asymmetry of the overall wake. Also the evolution of the hub vortex is substantially affected. It splits into two branches, shifting across the span of the hydrofoil in the direction opposite to the tip vortices. As the incidence angle of the hydrofoil grows, the branch of the hub vortex populating its pressure side becomes larger than the one on its suction side, developing a higher shear with the hydrofoil boundary layer and the suction side branches of the tip vortices.
Chiral emission induced by the interaction between chiral phonons and localized plasmon
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Li Yanglizhi , Wen Te , Ye Lulu , Lin Hai , Sun LuZhao , Liu Zhongfan , Gong Qihuang , Lu Guowei
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate chiral photoluminescence and scattering induced by the interaction between chiral phonons and localized plasmon. In the experiment, we constructed a hybrid structure of single gold nanorods and bilayer graphene. The optical chirality was investigated with a helicity-resolved single-particle spectroscopy technique, including the dark-field scattering and photoluminescence spectra. The single-particle spectra can effectively indicate the chiral phonon in bilayer graphene. That is due to the interaction between achiral local surface plasmon resonance and chiral phonons, which influences the plasmon damping at the interface. We propose a plasmon–phonon coupled spectroscopy method for phonon chirality detection. This method provides an advantage for developing high spatial resolution detection of chiral phonon in low-dimensional materials due to the localization of plasmonic near-field.
Bias-free terahertz generation from a silicon-compatible photoconductive emitter operating at telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Lu Ping-Keng , Jiang Xinghe , Zhao Yifan , Turan Deniz , Jarrahi Mona
Published: June 2022

We present a telecommunication-compatible bias-free photoconductive terahertz emitter composed of a bilayer InAs structure directly grown on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. The bilayer InAs structure includes p+-doped and undoped InAs layers, inducing a strong built-in electric field that enables terahertz generation without requiring any external bias voltage. A large-area plasmonic nanoantenna array is used to enhance and confine optical generation inside the photoconductive region with the highest built-in electric field, leading to the generation of a strong ultrafast photocurrent and broadband terahertz radiation. Thanks to a higher terahertz transmission through the silicon substrate and a shorter carrier lifetime in the InAs layers grown on silicon, higher signal-to-noise ratios are achieved at high terahertz frequencies compared with previously demonstrated bias-free terahertz emitters realized on GaAs. In addition to compatibility with silicon integrated optoelectronic platforms, the presented bias-free photoconductive emitter provides more than a 6 THz radiation bandwidth with more than 100 dB dynamic range when used in a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system.
Anisotropic slip boundary condition for three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid microflows
Authors: Guo Wenqiang , Hou Guoxiang
Published: June 2022

To explore the anisotropic slip on hydrophobic surfaces, a new anisotropic slip boundary condition is proposed for three-dimensional simulations of liquid microflows using the lattice Boltzmann method with adjustable streamwise/spanwise slip length. The proposed boundary condition is derived based on the moment method, which is no longer limited to the assumption of the unidirectional steady flow. Numerical tests validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the bounce-back and specular reflection scheme, the proposed method is more accurate and stable for capturing velocity profiles. The proposed method was applied to explore the effects of anisotropic slip on three-dimensional micro-lid-driven cavity flow. The numerical simulation results showed that the anisotropic slip has a greater influence on the flow than the pure streamwise/spanwise slip, and the streamwise slip plays a more important role in influencing the flow than the spanwise slip. The findings may hold significance for efficient development of microfluidic systems and micro-devices.
Global variation in diversification rate and species richness are unlinked in plants
Authors: Tietje Melanie , Antonelli Alexandre , Baker William J. , Govaerts Rafaël , Smith Stephen A. , Eiserhardt Wolf L.
Published: June 2022

Species richness varies immensely around the world. Variation in the rate of diversification (speciation minus extinction) is often hypothesized to explain this pattern, while alternative explanations invoke time or ecological carrying capacities as drivers. Focusing on seed plants, the world’s most important engineers of terrestrial ecosystems, we investigated the role of diversification rate as a link between the environment and global species richness patterns. Applying structural equation modeling to a comprehensive distribution dataset and phylogenetic tree covering all circa 332,000 seed plant species and 99.9% of the world’s terrestrial surface (excluding Antarctica), we test five broad hypotheses postulating that diversification serves as a mechanistic link between species richness and climate, climatic stability, seasonality, environmental heterogeneity, or the distribution of biomes. Our results show that the global patterns of species richness and diversification rate are entirely independent. Diversification rates were not highest in warm and wet climates, running counter to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, one of the dominant explanations for global gradients in species richness. Instead, diversification rates were highest in edaphically diverse, dry areas that have experienced climate change during the Neogene. Meanwhile, we confirmed climate and environmental heterogeneity as the main drivers of species richness, but these effects did not involve diversification rates as a mechanistic link, calling for alternative explanations. We conclude that high species richness is likely driven by the antiquity of wet tropical areas (supporting the “tropical conservatism hypothesis”) or the high ecological carrying capacity of warm, wet, and/or environmentally heterogeneous environments.
L2 listening and its correlates
Authors: In'nami Yo , Koizumi Rie , Jeon Eun Hee , Arai Yuya
Published: June 2022

Second-language (L2) listening ability is considered to consist of a diverse range of components that collectively help one to understand aural messages (e.g., Vandergrift & Goh, 2012). By building on and expanding previous meta-analyses, this chapter reports on a meta-analysis of L2 listening and its components. Two research questions were addressed: (1) what is the overall relationship between L2 listening and all its components collectively? and (2) what is the relationship between L2 listening and each of its components? Regarding (1), results from 118 studies (533 correlations) showed a significant, moderate relationship between L2 listening and its components overall (r = .446). Regarding (2), L2 listening was more strongly related to linguistic knowledge (grammar and vocabulary) than cognitive ability and affective features (aptitude, metacognitive awareness, working memory, attitude, and motivation), with anxiety (another affective feature) located in between. These results suggest how various components relate to L2 listening. The results also support the prediction that generally core components (i.e., linguistic knowledge) were expected to be more strongly correlated with L2 listening than were peripheral components (i.e., cognitive ability).
Cvm1 is a component of multiple vacuolar contact sites required for sphingolipid homeostasis
Authors: Bisinski Daniel D. , Gomes Castro Inês , Mari Muriel , Walter Stefan , Fröhlich Florian , Schuldiner Maya , González Montoro Ayelén
Published: June 2022

Membrane contact sites are specialized platforms formed between most organelles that enable them to exchange metabolites and influence the dynamics of each other. The yeast vacuole is a degradative organelle equivalent to the lysosome in higher eukaryotes with important roles in ion homeostasis and metabolism. Using a high-content microscopy screen, we identified Ymr160w (Cvm1, for contact of the vacuole membrane 1) as a novel component of three different contact sites of the vacuole: with the nuclear endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and the peroxisomes. At the vacuole–mitochondria contact site, Cvm1 acts as a tether independently of previously known tethers. We show that changes in Cvm1 levels affect sphingolipid homeostasis, altering the levels of multiple sphingolipid classes and the response of sphingolipid-sensing signaling pathways. Furthermore, the contact sites formed by Cvm1 are induced upon a decrease in sphingolipid levels. Altogether, our work identifies a novel protein that forms multiple contact sites and supports a role of lysosomal contacts in sphingolipid homeostasis.
Phostensin enables lymphocyte integrin activation and population of peripheral lymphoid organs
Authors: Lee Ho-Sup , Sun Hao , Lagarrigue Frédéric , Kim Sarah Hyun Ji , Fox Jay W. , Sherman Nicholas E. , Gingras Alexandre R. , Ginsberg Mark H.
Published: June 2022

Rap1 GTPase drives assembly of the Mig-10/RIAM/Lamellipodin (MRL protein)–integrin–talin (MIT) complex that enables integrin-dependent lymphocyte functions. Here we used tandem affinity tag–based proteomics to isolate and analyze the MIT complex and reveal that Phostensin (Ptsn), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1, is a component of the complex. Ptsn mediates dephosphorylation of Rap1, thereby preserving the activity and membrane localization of Rap1 to stabilize the MIT complex. CRISPR/Cas9-induced deletion of PPP1R18, which encodes Ptsn, markedly suppresses integrin activation in Jurkat human T cells. We generated apparently healthy Ppp1r18−/− mice that manifest lymphocytosis and reduced population of peripheral lymphoid tissues ascribable, in part, to defective activation of integrins αLβ2 and α4β7. Ppp1r18−/− T cells exhibit reduced capacity to induce colitis in a murine adoptive transfer model. Thus, Ptsn enables lymphocyte integrin-mediated functions by dephosphorylating Rap1 to stabilize the MIT complex. As a consequence, loss of Ptsn ameliorates T cell–mediated colitis.
Three-Body Recombination of Cold 3He–3He–T− System
Authors: Zhao Ming-Ming , Li Li-Hang , Si Bo-Wen , Wang Bin-Bin , Fu Bina , Han Yong-Chang
Published: June 2022

The atom-atom-anion three-body recombination (TBR) and collision induced dissociation (CID) processes of the 3He–3He–T− system at ultracold temperatures are investigated by solving the Schrödinger equation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The variations of the TBR and CID rates with the collision energies in the ultracold temperatures are obtained. It is found that the JΠ
= 1− symmetry dominates the TBR and CID processes in most of the considered collision energy range. The rate of TBR (CID) into (from) the l = 1 anion is larger than those for the l = 0 and l = 2 anions, with the l representing the rotational quantum number of 3HeT−. This can be understood via the nonadiabatic couplings among the different channels.
Efficient Two-Dimensional Defect-Free Dual-Species Atom Arrays Rearrangement Algorithm with Near-Fewest Atom Moves
Authors: Tao Zhi-Jin , Yu Li-Geng , Xu Peng , Hou Jia-Yi , He Xiao-Dong , Zhan Ming-Sheng
Published: June 2022

Dual-species single-atom array in optical tweezers has several advantages over the single-species atom array as a platform for quantum computing and quantum simulation. Thus, creating the defect-free dual-species single-atom array with atom numbers over hundreds is essential. As recent experiments demonstrated, one of the main difficulties lies in designing an efficient algorithm to rearrange the stochastically loaded dual-species atoms arrays into arbitrary demanded configurations. We propose a heuristic connectivity optimization algorithm to provide the near-fewest number of atom moves. Our algorithm introduces the concept of using articulation points in an undirected graph to optimize connectivity as a critical consideration for arranging the atom moving paths. Tested in array size of hundreds atoms and various configurations, our algorithm shows a high success rate (>97%), low extra atom moves ratio, good scalability, and flexibility. Furthermore, we propose a complementary step to solve the problem of atom loss during the rearrangement.
Imbert–Fedorov shift at black phosphorus-coated surfaces
Authors: Chen Huan , Ma Honghua , Ding Yanyan , Li Qianguang , Yi Xunong
Published: June 2022

In this work, the Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift is systematically investigated when a light beam is incident on black phosphorus. Using the angular spectrum theory, we obtain the analytical expressions of IF shifts for a p-polarized and s-polarized beam. Based on the theoretical analysis, numerical calculations are performed. The results indicate that the IF shifts depend on the incident angle, polarization and frequency of incident light, as well as the optical axis angle and electron concentration of black phosphorus. These characteristics make it possible to accurately measure the physical parameters of two-dimensional atomic materials based on IF shifts.
Cavity-assisted coherent feedback cooling of a mechanical resonator to the ground-state in the unresolved sideband regime
Authors: Mansouri Daryoosh , Rezaie Behrooz , Ranjbar N Abolfazl , Daeichian Abolghasem
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a cavity-assisted coherent feedback scheme to cool a mechanical resonator to the ground-state in a weak optomechanical coupling setup. Based on the theory of sideband cooling, resolved sideband regime is a mandatory condition for the ground-state cooling (GSC) in optomechanical systems. Assisted cooling and feedback cooling methods have been proposed and shown to be beneficial for cooling in unresolved sideband cases. In this paper, a cooling method is proposed by combining both approaches. In the proposed method, a coherent feedback loop is added to a cavity-assisted optomechanical system to enhance the cooling performance. The proposed feedback aims to reach the mechanical ground-state in the unresolved sideband regime (USR). Rate equations of the mechanical resonator are derived, and then, by applying Fermi’s golden rule and analyzing the fluctuation spectrum of the optical force, optimal conditions for cooling are obtained. Results show that applying coherent feedback, improves the cooling performance of the system significantly and it is possible to achieve GSC in USR. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed method is capable of cooling the mechanical resonator to much lower energy levels than it is achievable in cavity assisted method.
High-temperature reliability of all-oxide self-powered deep UV photodetector based on ϵ-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Maolin , Liu Zeng , Yang Lili , Yao Jiafei , Chen Jing , Zhang Jun , Wei Wei , Guo Yufeng , Tang Weihua
Published: June 2022

Ga2O3-based photodetectors are promising for deep ultraviolet (DUV) detection owing to the relatively large bandgap (>4.5 eV) of Ga2O3. High-temperature applications, such as flame detection and aerospace have been a major challenge to the reliability of electronic devices including photodetectors. All-oxide electronic devices have great potential for applications that require high thermal stability. Therefore, we constructed an all-oxide self-powered DUV photodetector based on ϵ-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction and examined its ruggedness in a high-temperature environment up to 600 K. A photocurrent of up to 0.3 μA and a photo-to-dark current ratio of ∼8000 were observed at room temperature. In addition, the ϵ-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction remained functional even at an ambient temperature of 600 K. It was also found that sensing performance including photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR), responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency degraded as the temperature increased. Detailed generation/recombination processes, as well as carrier transport, were explored to reveal physical insights. The thermal stability of the ϵ-Ga2O3/ZnO photodetector is thus examined, which would provide the basis for further development.
Anomalous valley Hall effect and Nernst effect in strain engineered graphene
Authors: Niu Zhi Ping , Pei Wen Xin
Published: June 2022

Anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE), which forwards a strategy for combining valleytronics and spintronics, has recently attracted much interest. Usually, this effect is associated with the anomalous velocity acquired by the carriers due to the Berry curvature of the Bloch bands. Here we propose a new strategy to generate AVHE in a graphene-based normal/strained/normal junction, where AVHE originates from the spin-valley tunneling asymmetry for the transmission through the junction. When the system is driven by a temperature bias, an anomalous valley Nernst effect is demonstrated, in which the transverse current is completely spin- and valley-polarized simultaneously. In particular, the thermally induced longitudinal charge current can become zero with the finite transverse one, causing the ratio between them to be infinite, which is usually small for the Hall effect. It is expected that our findings could provide potential applications in valleytronics and spintronics.
The effectively optical emission modulation in perovskite MAPbBr3 crystal by hot-electron transfer from metals
Authors: Pan Yong , Wang Li , Su Xueqiong , Gao Dongwen , Chen Ruixiang , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yuxin , Li Long , Gao Dangli
Published: June 2022

Optical emission modulation is an effective way to improve material properties and to enlarge their applications. However, a significant problem still facing challenge is low efficiency in optical emission enhancement. To contribute this, this work aims to achieve efficient hot electron transfer resulting emission enhancement used the help of plasmon resonance near-field enhancement and combined with excitation energy. Thus, a simply method of metal-perovskite heterojunctions preparation was conducted. The optical crystal of Au nanoparticles/nanocages attached on perovskite MAPbBr3 (NP-C) is presented. The hot electron transfer signal in ion’s vibration is characterized by XRD and Raman spectrum firstly. The cube shape and size distribution mostly in 550–850 nm morphology is revealed by SEM. The carrier concentration is improved about 37.5%, the mobility and resistivity are lowered around 53.2% and 26.7% after soaking in solution, respectively. What’s importantly, the effective modulation of intensity and peak position are achieved at room temperature, which is caused by the behavior of hot-electrons transfer suggested by FDTD simulation. The evidence for hot-electron transfer at the interface in Au–MAPbBr3 in 150 fs are proved by transient absorption spectrum. Finally, the mechanism of optical modulation, band gap structure and hot electrons transfer are depicted. This paper can provide experimental reference for emission enhancement and the development of devices based on hot electrons transfer.
Mental health and psychosocial consequences linked to radiation emergencies—increasingly recognised concerns
Authors: Lagergren Lindberg Marita , Hedman Christel , Lindberg Karin , Valentin Jack , Stenke Leif
Published: June 2022

A major radiological or nuclear emergency may, apart from causing a substantial loss of life and physical damage, also put a substantial strain on affected societies with social, economic and political consequences. Although such emergencies are relatively uncommon, it is now being increasingly recognised that their subsequent psychosocial impact can be widespread and long lasting. Mental health effects, such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, are highly represented in a population affected by a radiation disaster. In order to reach the majority of the people affected by radiation accidents, we need to be aware of how to distribute relevant and accurate information related to both short- and long-term medical effects. Effective risk communication is associated with improved compliance with any given recommendations. It is important to protect the public from physical radiation damage, but it is also essential to take into account the social and mental health effects that radiation disasters may induce. This article provides a brief review of recent reporting on the psychological consequences after a major radiation emergency.
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on transfer learning and an improved convolutional neural network
Authors: Jiang Li , Zheng Chunpu , Li Yibing
Published: June 2022

Deep-learning-based methods have been widely used for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. However, they exhibit poor performance due to the severe data distribution difference under variable working conditions. Therefore, we first develop an improved convolutional neural network consisting of a multi-scale convolutional layer (MSC), a channel attention layer (CA), and an inception network structure (INS). Compared with other models, our model has strong feature extraction ability, fewer parameters and less training costs. Subsequently, based on transfer learning (TL), we propose the MSC-CA-INS-TL method. To improve the model’s generalization ability, we propose an appropriate fine-tuning strategy to coordinate with the model and pay attention to the accuracy of both source and target domains during migration. Bearing datasets and gear experimental platforms are used to verify the proposed method, and high fault diagnosis accuracy and stability are achieved under variable working conditions and small samples.
An anti-scratch flexible SERS substrate for pesticide residue detection on the surface of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Gong Tianxun , Li Haonan , Wang Guilin , Guan Fang , Huang Wen , Zhang Xiaosheng
Published: June 2022

We propose an anti-scratch flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate with arrayed nanocavity microstructures fabricated by colloidal lithography. The nanocavity microstructure of the substrate can well protect the inner gold nanoparticles during wipe sampling. The prepared flexible substrate was able to detect 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) with a concentration down to 1 fM. Furthermore, the substrate was used to detect 6-BA residues on the surface of apples and bean sprouts through wipe sampling, which shows great potential in the field of rapid on-site detection, especially in the detection of pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables.
Dynamics of nanoscale triangular features on Ge surfaces
Authors: Hans Sukriti , Parida Basanta Kumar , Pachchigar Vivek , Augustine Sebin , KP Sooraj , Ranjan Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Ion beam sputtering, known as potential technique for producing nanoripple on various surfaces having wide range of applications. Along with nanoripple, triangular features are also superimposed, limiting their use for some potential applications. Here we are reporting evolution of triangular features on Ge (100) surfaces under low energy (300–1000 eV) Xe ion irradiation at room temperature for angles of incidence (61°–80°) and ion fluences of (5.34 × 1017−8.01 × 1018 ions cm−2). Triangular features appear with the onset of ripple formation and disappear when the ripple periodicity is lost. These features formation depend not only on material but also depend on the ratio of the ion/target mass. In comparison with numerical simulations based on modified anisotropic Kuramoto-Sivanshinsky equation, we find good agreement for the evolution of base angle and lateral length for the triangular features with ion incidence angle. The dynamics of triangular feature with ion incidence angle and ion fluence have been reported. Ion-incidence angle dependency is adequately replicated in numerical simulations. Experimentally the base angle and lateral length increases with increase in ion incidence angle, similar trend is observed in numerical simulation.
An Ab-initio study of the Y decorated 2D holey graphyne for hydrogen storage application
Authors: Singh Mukesh , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: June 2022

Expanding pollution and rapid consumption of natural reservoirs (gas, oil, and coal) led humankind to explore alternative energy fuels like hydrogen fuel. Solid-state hydrogen storage is most desirable because of its usefulness in the onboard vehicle. In this work, we explored the yttrium decorated ultra porous, two-dimensional holey-graphyne for hydrogen storage. Using the first principles density functional theory simulations, we predict that yttrium doped holey graphyne can adsorb up to seven hydrogen molecules per yttrium atom resulting in a gravimetric hydrogen weight percentage of 9.34, higher than the target of 6.5 wt% set by the US Department of Energy. The average binding energy per H2 and desorption temperature come out to be −0.34 eV and ∼438 K, respectively. Yttrium atom is bonded strongly on HGY sheet due to charge transfer from Y 4d orbital to C 2p orbital whereas the adsorption of H2 molecule on Y is due to Kubas-type of interactions involving charge donation from H 1s orbital to Y 3d orbital and back donation with net charge gain by H 1s orbital. Furthermore, sufficient energy barriers for the metal atom diffusion have been found to prevent the clustering of transition metal (yttrium) on HGY sheet. The stability of the system at higher temperatures is analyzed using Ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method, and the system is found to be stable at room and the highest desorption temperature. Stability of the system at higher temperatures, presence of adequate diffusion energy barrier to prevent metal–metal clustering, high gravimetric wt% of H2 uptake with suitable binding energy, and desorption temperature signifies that Y doped HGY is a promising material to fabricate high capacity hydrogen storage devices.
Effects of etching process and annealing temperature on the ferroelectric properties of atomic layer deposited Al-doped HfO2 thin film
Authors: Ku Boncheol , Ma Yue , Han Hoonhee , Xuan Wang , Choi Changhwan
Published: June 2022

An investigation was conducted with regard to the effect of etching process on the ferroelectric (FE) characteristics of different device structures with Al-doped HfO2 thin films; further, the effect of the rapid thermal annealing temperature on the FE properties was elucidated using metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitors using TiN electrodes with varying thickness and 4 at.% Al-doped HfO2 FE layer. The capacitors were annealed at different temperatures after lithography and etching process; this was aimed at incorporating the FE-orthorhombic phase. The samples annealed after patterning were able to obtain improved FE characteristics due to the amount of tensile stress. The MFM devices that were initially patterned were also studied as a reference. We found that even though it required higher temperature and shorter time to introduce the FE phase, it exhibited more stable as well as promising FE properties and electrical performances with a relatively large remnant polarization (2P
r ∼ 60 μC cm−2), a coercive electric field of approximately 2 MV cm−1 and high switching current density with less leakage. Our results indicate how the FE properties of the HfO2-based thin films can be engineered through suitable process sequence and post-annealing conditions, thereby verifying the applicable flexibility of FE-HfO2 for semiconductor device integration.
Ultrathin tin sulfide field-effect transistors with subthreshold slope below 60 mV/decade
Authors: Dragoman Mircea , Dinescu Adrian , Avram Andrei , Dragoman Daniela , Vulpe Silviu , Aldrigo Martino , Braniste Tudor , Suman Victor , Rusu Emil , Tiginyanu Ion
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present for the first time a field-effect-transistor (FET) having a 10 nm thick tin sulfide (SnS) channel fabricated at the wafer scale with high reproducibility. SnS-based FETs are in on-state for increasing positive back-gate voltages up to 6 V, whereas the off-state is attained for negative back-gate voltages not exceeding −6 V, the on/off ratio being in the range 102–103 depending on FET dimensions. The SnS FETs show a subthreshold slope (SS) below 60 mV/decade thanks to the in-plane ferroelectricity of SnS and attaining a minimum value SS = 21 mV/decade. Moreover, the low SS values can be explained by the existence of a negative value of the capacitance of the SnS thin film up to 10 GHz (for any DC bias voltage between 1 and 5 V), with the minimum value being −12.87 pF at 0.1 GHz.