bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute regional changes in myocardial strain may predict ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in a large animal model
Authors: Mansell D. S. , Bruno V. D. , Sammut E. , Chiribiri A. , Johnson T. , Khaliulin I. , Lopez D. Baz , Gill H. S. , Fraser K. H. , Murphy M. , Krieg T. , Suleiman M. S. , George S. , Ascione R. , Cookson A. N.
Published: September 2021

To identify predictors of left ventricular remodelling (LVR) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and related molecular signatures, a porcine model of closed-chest balloon MI was used along with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) up to 5–6 weeks post-MI. Changes in myocardial strain and strain rates were derived from CMRI data. Tissue proteomics was compared between infarcted and non-infarcted territories. Peak values of left ventricular (LV) apical circumferential strain (ACS) changed over time together with peak global circumferential strain (GCS) while peak GLS epicardial strains or strain rates did not change over time. Early LVR post-MI enhanced abundance of 39 proteins in infarcted LV territories, 21 of which correlated with LV equatorial circumferential strain rate. The strongest associations were observed for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (D-3PGDH), cysteine and glycine-rich protein-2, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1). This study shows that early changes in regional peak ACS persist at 5–6 weeks post-MI, when early LVR is observed along with increased tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1. More studies are needed to ascertain if the observed increase in tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1 might be casually involved in the pathogenesis of adverse LV remodelling.
Water droplet can mitigate dust from hydrophobized micro-post array surfaces
Authors: Abubakar Abba Abdulhamid , Yilbas Bekir Sami , Hussain Al-Qahtani , Hassan Ghassan , Adukwu Johnny Ebaika
Published: September 2021

Water droplet rolling motion over the hydrophobized and optically transparent micro-post array surfaces is examined towards dust removal pertinent to self-cleaning applications. Micro-post arrays are replicated over the optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The influence of micro-post array spacing on droplet rolling dynamics is explored for clean and dusty surfaces. The droplet motions over clean and dusty micro-post array surfaces are monitored and quantified. Flow inside the rolling droplet is simulated adopting the experimental conditions. Findings reveal that micro-post gap spacing significantly influences droplet velocity on clean and dusty hydrophobized surfaces. Air trapped within the micro-post gaps acts like a cushion reducing the three-phase contact line and interfacial contact area of the rolling droplet. This gives rise to increased droplet velocity over the micro-post array surface. Droplet kinetic energy dissipation remains large for plain and micro-post arrays with small gap spacings. A Rolling droplet can pick up dust particles from micro-post array gaps; however, few dust residues are observed for large gap spacings. Nevertheless, dust residues are small in quantity over hydrophobized micro-post array surfaces.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 expression is higher in muscle of old vs. young males, and increases upon resistance exercise in older adults
Authors: Dalle Sebastiaan , Koppo Katrien
Published: September 2021

Aged skeletal muscle undergoes metabolic and structural alterations eventually resulting in a loss of muscle strength and mass, i.e. age-related sarcopenia. Therefore, novel targets for muscle growth purposes in elderly are needed. Here, we explored the role of the cannabinoid system in muscle plasticity through the expression of muscle cannabinoid receptors (CBs) in young and old humans. The CB1 expression was higher (+ 25%; p = 0.04) in muscle of old (≥ 65 years) vs. young adults (20–27 years), whereas CB2 was not differently expressed. Furthermore, resistance exercise tended to increase the CB1 (+ 11%; p = 0.055) and CB2 (+ 37%; p = 0.066) expression in muscle of older adults. Interestingly, increases in the expression of CB2 following resistance exercise positively correlated with changes in key mechanisms of muscle homeostasis, such as catabolism (FOXO3a) and regenerative capacity (Pax7, MyoD). This study for the first time shows that CB1 is differentially expressed with aging and that changes in CB2 expression upon resistance exercise training correlate with changes in mediators that play a central role in muscle plasticity. These data confirm earlier work in cells and mice showing that the cannabinoid system might orchestrate muscle growth, which is an incentive to further explore CB-based strategies that might counteract sarcopenia.
High-throughput identification of viral termini and packaging mechanisms in virome datasets using PhageTermVirome
Authors: Garneau Julian R. , Legrand Véronique , Marbouty Martial , Press Maximilian O. , Vik Dean R. , Fortier Louis-Charles , Sullivan Matthew B. , Bikard David , Monot Marc
Published: September 2021

Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) are increasingly recognized for their importance in diverse ecosystems but identifying and annotating them in large-scale sequence datasets is still challenging. Although efficient scalable virus identification tools are emerging, defining the exact ends (termini) of phage genomes is still particularly difficult. The proper identification of termini is crucial, as it helps in characterizing the packaging mechanism of bacteriophages and provides information on various aspects of phage biology. Here, we introduce PhageTermVirome (PTV) as a tool for the easy and rapid high-throughput determination of phage termini and packaging mechanisms using modern large-scale metagenomics datasets. We successfully tested the PTV algorithm on a mock virome dataset and then used it on two real virome datasets to achieve the rapid identification of more than 100 phage termini and packaging mechanisms, with just a few hours of computing time. Because PTV allows the identification of free fully formed viral particles (by recognition of termini present only in encapsidated DNA), it can also complement other virus identification softwares to predict the true viral origin of contigs in viral metagenomics datasets. PTV is a novel and unique tool for high-throughput characterization of phage genomes, including phage termini identification and characterization of genome packaging mechanisms. This software should help researchers better visualize, map and study the virosphere. PTV is freely available for downloading and installation at https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/vlegrand/ptv.
Impact of genotypic errors with equal and unequal family contribution on accuracy of genomic prediction in aquaculture using simulation
Authors: Khalilisamani N. , Thomson P. C. , Raadsma H. W. , Khatkar M. S.
Published: September 2021

Genotypic errors, conflict between recorded genotype and the true genotype, can lead to false or biased population genetic parameters. Here, the effect of genotypic errors on accuracy of genomic predictions and genomic relationship matrix are investigated using a simulation study based on population and genomic structure comparable to black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon. Fifty full-sib families across five generations with phenotypic and genotypic information on 53 K SNPs were simulated. Ten replicates of different scenarios with three heritability estimates, equal and unequal family contributions were generated. Within each scenario, four SNP densities and three genotypic error rates in each SNP density were implemented. Results showed that family contribution did not have a substantial impact on accuracy of predictions across different datasets. In the absence of genotypic errors, 3 K SNP density was found to be efficient in estimating the accuracy, whilst increasing the SNP density from 3 to 20 K resulted in a marginal increase in accuracy of genomic predictions using the current population and genomic parameters. In addition, results showed that the presence of even 10% errors in a 10 and 20 K SNP panel might not have a severe impact on accuracy of predictions. However, below 10 K marker density, even a 5% error can result in lower accuracy of predictions.
Gestalts at threshold could reveal Gestalts as predictions
Authors: Costa Thiago Leiros , Wagemans Johan
Published: September 2021

We review and revisit the predictive processing inspired “Gestalts as predictions” hypothesis. The study of Gestalt phenomena at and below threshold can help clarify the role of higher-order object selective areas and feedback connections in mid-level vision. In two psychophysical experiments assessing manipulations of contrast and configurality we showed that: (1) Gestalt phenomena are robust against saliency manipulations across the psychometric function even below threshold (with the accuracy gains and higher saliency associated with Gestalts being present even around chance performance); and (2) peak differences between Gestalt and control conditions happened around the time where responses to Gestalts are starting to saturate (mimicking the differential contrast response profile of striate vs. extra-striate visual neurons). In addition, Gestalts are associated with steeper psychometric functions in all experiments. We propose that these results reflect the differential engagement of object-selective areas in Gestalt phenomena and of information- or percept-based processing, as opposed to energy- or stimulus-based processing, more generally. In addition, the presence of nonlinearities in the psychometric functions suggest differential top-down modulation of the early visual cortex. We treat this as a proof of principle study, illustrating that classic psychophysics can help assess possible involvement of hierarchical predictive processing in Gestalt phenomena.
Scaling theory of rubber sliding friction
Authors: Hentschke Reinhard , Plagge Jan
Published: September 2021

Current theoretical descriptions of rubber or elastomer friction are complex—usually due to extensive mathematical detail describing the topography of the solid surface. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of the elastomer material itself, in particular if the rubber is highly filled, further increase the complexity. On the other hand, experimental coefficients of sliding friction plotted versus sliding speed, temperature or other parameters do not contain much structure, which suggests that a less detailed approach is possible. Here we investigate the coefficient of sliding friction on dry surfaces via scaling and dimensional analysis. We propose that adhesion promotes viscoelastic dissipation by increasing the deformation amplitude at relevant length scales. Finally, a comparatively simple expression for the coefficient of friction is obtained, which allows an intuitive understanding of the underlying physics and fits experimental data for various speeds, temperatures, and pressures.
The radiographic relationship between the cortical overlap view (COV) and the tip of the greater trochanter
Authors: Link Bjorn-Christian , van Veelen Nicole M. , Boernert Katja , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth , Beeres Frank J.P. , de Boer Hans H. , Migliorini Filippo , Nebelung Sven , Knobe Matthias , Ruchholtz Steffen , Babst Reto , Jiamton Chittawee
Published: September 2021

For proximal femoral nailing, choosing the proper entry point with the aid of C-arm imaging is crucial. Therefore, obtaining accurate radiological views that facilitate sound identification of the tip of the greater trochanter (GT) is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to define a radiological view characterised by reproducible radiographic landmarks which will allow the reliable identification of the tip of the GT in the anteroposterior view. Anatomical and radiographic features of 16 cadaveric femurs were analysed. The cortical overlap view (COV), characterised by the radiological overlap of the density line of the piriform fossa and the intertrochanteric crest, was identified. It marks the rotation of the proximal femur at which the GT can be accurately identified and used to determine the desired entry point for a proximal femoral nail. Trainees and fully qualified orthopedic trauma surgeons were asked to identify the correct COV in radiological imaging series. Mean internal rotation of the femur to achieve a COV was 17.5° (range 12.8°–21.8°). In the COV the tip of the GT is the highest visible point and the mean distance from the cortical overlap line to the tip of the GT is 4.45 mm. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was high with ICC(2,k) = 0.932 and ICC(2,k) = 0.987 respectively. Trainees achieved higher rates of correct COV identification than specialists. There was no significant correlation between the internal rotation of the femur to achieve the COV and femoral antetorsion. In conclusion, the COV is a highly reproducible radiological view that is characterised by radiographic landmarks easy to recognise. It allows for accurate identification of the tip of the GT, which can be used by the surgeon as a reference to determine the desired entry point for an intramedullary nail.
Individuals with bipolar disorder have a higher level of uric acid than major depressive disorder: a case–control study
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wang Yingtan , Xun Guanglei
Published: September 2021

At present, no well-established biomarkers were ever found to distinguish unipolar depression and bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to provide a clearer comparison of UA levels between BD and major depressive disorder. Peripheral UA of 119 patients with BD in acute stage (AS) and 77 in remission stage (RS), and 95 patients with UD in AS and 61 in RS were measured, so were 180 healthy controls. UA levels in BD group were higher than UD and HC groups regardless of the AS or RS, while differences in UA levels between UD group and HC group were not significant. Differences in UA levels of BD-M (bipolar mania/hypomania) were higher than BD-D (bipolar depression) subgroups, and UA levels of BD-M and BD-D subgroups were higher than UD and HC groups. The comparison of number of participants with hyperuricemia among groups confirmed the above results. There were no significant differences in UA levels of between drug-use and drug-free/naïve subgroups. UA could distinguish BD and UD significantly both in acute and remission stage. The study suggests patients with BD had a higher level of UA than UD, especially in mania episode. UA may be a potential biomarker to distinguish BD from UD.
Microbial community of soda Lake Van as obtained from direct and enriched water, sediment and fish samples
Authors: Ersoy Omeroglu Esra , Sudagidan Mert , Yurt Mediha Nur Zafer , Tasbasi Behiye Busra , Acar Elif Esma , Ozalp Veli Cengiz
Published: September 2021

Soda lakes are saline and alkaline ecosystems that are considered to have existed since the first geological records of the world. These lakes support the growth of ecologically and economically important microorganisms due to their unique geochemistry. Microbiota members of lakes are valuable models to study the link between community structure and abiotic parameters such as pH and salinity. Lake Van is the largest endroheic lake and in this study, bacterial diversity of lake water, sediment, and pearl mullet (inci kefali; Alburnus tarichi), an endemic species of fish which are collected from different points of the lake, are studied directly and investigated meticulously using a metabarcoding approach after pre-enrichment. Bacterial community structures were identified using Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis revealed that the samples of Lake Van contain high level of bacterial diversity. Direct water samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidota, on the other hand, pre-enriched water samples were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum-level. In direct sediment samples Proteobacteria, whereas in pre-enriched sediment samples Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were determined at highest level. Pre-enriched fish samples were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum-level. In this study, microbiota members of Lake Van were identified by taxonomic analysis.
Connectivity alterations in autism reflect functional idiosyncrasy
Authors: Benkarim Oualid , Paquola Casey , Park Bo-yong , Hong Seok-Jun , Royer Jessica , Vos de Wael Reinder , Lariviere Sara , Valk Sofie , Bzdok Danilo , Mottron Laurent , C. Bernhardt Boris
Published: September 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is commonly understood as an alteration of brain networks, yet case-control analyses against typically-developing controls (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we devised a novel approach to profile the inter-individual variability in functional network organization and tested whether such idiosyncrasy contributes to connectivity alterations in ASD. Studying a multi-centric dataset with 157 ASD and 172 TD, we obtained robust evidence for increased idiosyncrasy in ASD relative to TD in default mode, somatomotor and attention networks, but also reduced idiosyncrasy in lateral temporal cortices. Idiosyncrasy increased with age and significantly correlated with symptom severity in ASD. Furthermore, while patterns of functional idiosyncrasy were not correlated with ASD-related cortical thickness alterations, they co-localized with the expression patterns of ASD risk genes. Notably, we could demonstrate that patterns of atypical idiosyncrasy in ASD closely overlapped with connectivity alterations that are measurable with conventional case-control designs and may, thus, be a principal driver of inconsistency in the autism connectomics literature. These findings support important interactions between inter-individual heterogeneity in autism and functional signatures. Our findings provide novel biomarkers to study atypical brain development and may consolidate prior research findings on the variable nature of connectome level anomalies in autism.
Modelling human liver fibrosis in the context of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using a microphysiological system
Authors: Kostrzewski Tomasz , Snow Sophie , Battle Anya Lindström , Peel Samantha , Ahmad Zahida , Basak Jayati , Surakala Manasa , Bornot Aurelie , Lindgren Julia , Ryaboshapkina Maria , Clausen Maryam , Lindén Daniel , Maass Christian , Young Lucy May , Corrigan Adam , Ewart Lorna , Hughes David
Published: September 2021

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common form of chronic liver disease characterised by lipid accumulation, infiltration of immune cells, hepatocellular ballooning, collagen deposition and liver fibrosis. There is a high unmet need to develop treatments for NASH. We have investigated how liver fibrosis and features of advanced clinical disease can be modelled using an in vitro microphysiological system (MPS). The NASH MPS model comprises a co-culture of primary human liver cells, which were cultured in a variety of conditions including+/− excess sugar, fat, exogenous TGFβ or LPS. The transcriptomic, inflammatory and fibrotic phenotype of the model was characterised and compared using a system biology approach to identify conditions that mimic more advanced clinical disease. The transcriptomic profile of the model was shown to closely correlate with the profile of patient samples and the model displayed a quantifiable fibrotic phenotype. The effects of Obeticholic acid and Elafibranor, were evaluated in the model, as wells as the effects of dietary intervention, with all able to significantly reduce inflammatory and fibrosis markers. Overall, we demonstrate how the MPS NASH model can be used to model different aspects of clinical NASH but importantly demonstrate its ability to model advanced disease with a quantifiable fibrosis phenotype.
Colorimetric monitoring of serum dopamine with promotion activity of gold nanocluster-based nanozymes
Authors: Ma Qian , Qiao Juan , Liu Yufei , Qi Li
Published: September 2021

P@AuNCs exhibited peroxidase-mimic properties towards TMB. Its catalytic activity was promoted by the DA drug. An assay was developed upon the principle for the highly selective and sensitive detection of rat serum DA.
The innate immune response of self-assembling silk fibroin hydrogels
Authors: Gorenkova Natalia , Maitz Manfred F. , Böhme Georg , Alhadrami Hani A. , Jiffri Essam H. , Totten John D. , Werner Carsten , Carswell Hilary V. O. , Seib F. Philipp
Published: September 2021

Silk has a long track record of use in humans, and recent advances in silk fibroin processing have opened up new material formats.
Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of substituted indoles with N-(arylthio)succinimide
Authors: Ghorai Jayanta , Kesavan Arunachalam , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: September 2021

A general and efficient Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of indole derivatives has been achieved employing N-(aryl/alkylthio)succinimide as a thiolating reagent.
A poorly soluble organic electrode material for high energy density lithium primary batteries based on a multi-electron reduction
Authors: Chen Zifeng , Sun Pengfei , Bai Panxing , Su Hai , Yang Jixing , Liu Yang , Xu Yunhua , Geng Yanhou
Published: September 2021

A poorly soluble and high energy density organic compound is reported for lithium battery cathode materials, delivering a high energy density of 1392 W h kg−1. This work provides a strategy for realizing high energy density lithium–organic batteries.
Triggering a transient organo-gelation system in a chemically active solvent
Authors: Chevigny Romain , Schirmer Johanna , Piras Carmen C. , Johansson Andreas , Kalenius Elina , Smith David K. , Pettersson Mika , Sitsanidis Efstratios D. , Nissinen Maija
Published: September 2021

A dynamic gelation system, in which the solvent intimately controls the chemical equilibria which underpin the dynamic assembly event.
Development of visible-light-responsive Ir and La-codoped KTaO3 photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Iwase Akihide , Misono Haruka
Published: September 2021

Ir-doping has arisen as a useful strategy to develop visible-light-responsive metal oxide photocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Unveiling the role of micropores in porous carbon for Li–S batteries using operando SAXS
Authors: Choi Yun Seok , Park Gwi Ok , Kim Kyoung Ho , Kwon Yelim , Huh Joonsuk , Kim Ji Man
Published: September 2021

The movement of the sulfur species of a lithium–sulfur battery cathode was directly observed through pioneering operando SAXS analysis.
Assembly of long l-RNA by native RNA ligation
Authors: Yu Chen-Hsu , Kabza Adam M. , Sczepanski Jonathan T.
Published: September 2021

We report an enzymatic approach to ligate l-RNA, allowing for the assembly of large, synthetically inaccessible l-RNA molecules.
Chain-walking reactions of transition metals for remote C–H bond functionalization of olefinic substrates
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Patel Sandeep , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: September 2021

Transition metal-assisted remote C–H bond activation at the non-classical reaction sites of various olefinic substrates with the aid of a chain-walking process is depicted in this feature article.
A multi-functional two-dimensional Zn(ii)-organic framework for selective carbon dioxide adsorption, sensing of nitrobenzene and Cr2O72−
Authors: Wu Qi , Yang Xiao-Li , Ding Ze-Yu , Meng Xiao-Yun , Zhang Wen-Yan , Yan Yang-Tian , Yang Guo-Ping , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: September 2021

A novel two-dimensional coordination polymer {[(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(L)2]·DMF}n was synthesized. It exhibits good selective adsorption for CO2; moreover, it shows high selectivity and sensitivity for NB and Cr2O72− ions.
A theoretical study on solvatofluorochromic asymmetric thiazolothiazole (TTz) dyes using dielectric-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: September 2021

In this work, the excitation energies of asymmetric thiazolothizaole (TTz) dye molecules have been theoretically studied using dielectric-dependent density functional theory (DFT).
Extinction, absorption, and scattering of light by plasmonic spheres embedded in an absorbing host medium
Authors: Khlebtsov Nikolai G.
Published: September 2021

Although the Lorenz–Mie formalism for spheres in an absorbing host has been developed, no correct solutions for the extinction, absorption, and far- and near-field scattering cross sections in the small-particle limit have been published so far.
Design of a noble-metal-free direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for overall water splitting based on a SnC/SnSSe van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Jiang Xinxin , Gao Quan , Xu Xuhui , Xu Ge , Li Dongmei , Cui Bin , Liu Desheng , Qu Fanyao
Published: September 2021

We propose a noble-metal-free direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for overall water splitting based on a Janus vdWH composed of SnC and Janus SnSSe monolayers with an STH efficiency of up to 60.8%.
Effect of water on the behaviour of lithium and superoxide ions in aprotic solvents
Authors: Sivakov Vyacheslav , Pavlov Sergey , Smirnov Vladimir , Kislenko Sergey
Published: September 2021

An increase in water content increases the rate of Li+ and O2− association, at the same time shifting the equilibrium towards soluble ions.
BaZn3(BO3)2F2: a new beryllium-free zincoborate with a KBBF-type structure
Authors: Qiu Haotian , Xia Ming , Cai Wenbing , Yang Zhihua , Liu Yanli , Mutailipu Miriding , Pan Shilie
Published: September 2021

A new beryllium-free zincoborate, BaZn3(BO3)2F2, with a KBBF-type structure has been synthesized, which is the first case of borates with both [ZnO3F] tetrahedra and [ZnO6] octahedra, enriching the structural chemistry of borate systems.
Tuning of photo-redox behaviours and thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of intercomponent energy transfer in trimetallic complexes of Ru(ii) and Os(ii) by exploiting their second coordination sphere
Authors: Paul Animesh , Das Soumi , Bar Manoranjan , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: September 2021

Substantial alteration of the photo-redox behaviours and enhancement of the rate of inter-component energy transfer are made possible in the triads of Ru(ii) and Os(ii) upon pH-induced deprotonation of the imidazole motifs.
Selective construction and stability studies of a molecular trefoil knot and Solomon link
Authors: Dang Li-Long , Li Ting-Ting , Cui Zheng , Sui Dong , Ma Lu-Fang , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: September 2021

A trefoil knot and a Solomon link were successfully prepared based on a carefully selected flexible phthalic diimide ligand and precisely controlled stacking interactions.
Advances in catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde
Authors: Pang Jifeng , Yin Ming , Wu Pengfei , Li Xianquan , Li Haoyu , Zheng Mingyuan , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes the recent catalyst achievements in oxidative and non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol, and analyzes the reaction mechanism over typical catalysts.
Dynamic photonic perovskite light-emitting diodes with post-treatment-enhanced crystallization as writable and wipeable inscribers
Authors: Bi Sheng , Zhao Wei , Sun Yeqing , Jiang Chengming , Liu Yun , He Zhengran , Li Qikun , Song Jinhui
Published: September 2021

Illustration and photos of the process to realize writable and wipeable inscribers as well as their performance before and after wiping.
Two dimensional BP@AuNP nanocomposites for photothermal/photodynamic therapy mediated wound disinfection and infected wound healing under a single light source
Authors: Liu Baolei , Su Yutian , Wu Shishan , Shen Jian
Published: September 2021

BP@AuNP nanocomposites can perform photothermal and photodynamic therapies simultaneously and exhibited a synergistic combination of multiple therapies for S. aureus and E. coli under a 650 nm laser.
A reversible near-infrared fluorescence probe for the monitoring of HSO3−/H2O2-regulated cycles in vivo
Authors: Song Qiuying , Zhou Bo , Zhang Dongyu , Chi Haijun , Jia Hongmin , Zhu Peixun , Zhang Zhiqiang , Meng Qingtao , Zhang Run
Published: September 2021

A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (XC) was constructed for the reversible detection of HSO3−/H2O2 in biosystems. The practical applications of XC were also demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of HSO3− in white wine and sugar samples.
Quantifying the force in flow-cell based single-molecule stretching experiments
Authors: Liang Jialun , Li Jiaxi , Zhong Zhensheng , Rujiralai Thitima , Ma Jie
Published: September 2021

A fully calibrated flow-cell can measure the single-molecule force in pN precision over 0–110 pN. Based on the “bead-spring chain” model and theory of fluid mechanics, the theoretical calculated forces are in good agreement with experiments.
Performance demonstration of gas-assisted gravity drainage in a heterogeneous reservoir using a 3D scaled model
Authors: Kong Debin , Lian Peiqing , Zheng Rongchen , Li Yiqiang
Published: September 2021

Gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) is an effective method for oil recovery.
Improved electrochemical performance of a LiCoO2/MCMB cell by regulating fluorinated electrolytes
Authors: Peng Longgui , He Qirui , He Long , Lu Hai , Zeng Fubao , Zheng Bin , Du Huiling , Jiang Xiangkang
Published: September 2021

A novel perfluorinated electrolyte catering for the high-voltage LCO/MCMB full cell offers excellent oxidation durability and favorable surface passivation on both electrodes.
Isostructural cocrystals of metaxalone with improved dissolution characteristics
Authors: Gohel Sunil Kumar , Palanisamy Vasanthi , Sanphui Palash , Prakash Muthuramalingam , Singh Girij Pal , Chernyshev Vladimir
Published: September 2021

Metaxalone forms isostructural cocrystals with nicotinamide and salicylamide that offer a solubility advantage compared to the native drug. A drug–drug homosynthon is retained in all the cocrystal structures.
Metal-free site-selective C–H cyanoalkylation of 8-aminoquinoline and aniline-derived amides with azobisisobutyronitrile
Authors: Zhao Mengfei , Qin Zengxin , Zhang Kaixin , Li Jizhen
Published: September 2021

An efficient metal-free cyanoalkylation of 8-aminoquinoline and aniline-derived amides was achieved in the presence of K2S2O8. The method showed good substrate tolerance and also suitable for bromination and dimerization reactions.
Multilobular morphology: the key for biphase multifunctional nanogels
Authors: Sonzogni A. S. , Hamzehlou S. , Gonzalez V. D. G. , Leiza J. R. , Minari R. J.
Published: September 2021

This article provides, for the first time, the synthesis of two-phase nanogels with multilobular morphology under experimental and theoretical approaches, and underlines their potential as a candidate for controlled delivery platforms.
Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis: a comparison ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine crosslinking (amination stage) and divinylbenzene crosslinking (grafting stage)
Authors: Bance-Soualhi Rachida , Choolaei Mehdi , Franklin Siân A. , Willson Terry R. , Lee Judy , Whelligan Daniel K. , Crean C. , Varcoe John R.
Published: September 2021

Fabricating crosslinked radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes using a diamine in the amination synthesis step leads to a better permselectivity-resistance balance compared to the use of divinylbenzene in the grafting step.
Dual drive mode polydopamine nanomotors for continuous treatment of an inferior vena cava thrombus
Authors: Fang Dan , Li Ting , Wu Ziyu , Wang Qi , Wan Mimi , Zhou Min , Mao Chun
Published: September 2021

Based on the synergistic effect of PTT/drugs, a kind of bowl-like mesoporous PDA nanomotor (PDANM) modified by RGD and loaded with UK was prepared for the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombus, and achieved good results.
Grafting of Gd-DTPA onto MOF-808 to enhance MRI performance for guiding photothermal therapy
Authors: Jia Mingjie , Yang Xinyu , Chen Yanan , He Meie , Zhou Weixiu , Lin Jiaomin , An Lu , Yang Shiping
Published: September 2021

A MRI guided photothermal therapy agent Gd-DTPA-MOF-808@PANI was developed through grafting T1-weight contrast agent Gd-DTPA molecule within the porous channel of MOF-808 and modified with polyaniline (PANI).
BN-Substituted coronene diimide donor–acceptor–donor triads: photophysical, (spectro)-electrochemical studies and Lewis behavior
Authors: Hoffmann Jonas , Jacquemin Denis , Hissler Muriel , Staubitz Anne
Published: September 2021

Boron/nitrogen substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are unique materials, with similar molecular structures to their carbon/carbon analogs, but different electronic properties.
High-throughput calculations of spintronic tetra-phase transition metal dinitrides
Authors: Ding Junfei , Yao Qiushi , Sun Huasheng , Chen Shanbao , Wu Fang , Huang Chengxi , Kan Erjun
Published: September 2021

The novel tetra-phases of two-dimensional transition metal dinitrides show versatile properties including high-temperature ferromagnetic half-metallicity for spintronic applications.
Individual Differences in Phonetic Plasticity Across Native and Nonnative Contexts
Authors: Heffner Christopher C. , Myers Emily B.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Individuals vary in their ability to learn the sound categories of nonnative languages (nonnative phonetic learning) and to adapt to systematic differences, such as accent or talker differences, in the sounds of their native language (native phonetic learning). Difficulties with both native and nonnative learning are well attested in people with speech and language disorders relative to healthy controls, but substantial variability in these skills is also present in the typical population. This study examines whether this individual variability can be organized around a common ability that we label “phonetic plasticity.”

Method

A group of healthy young adult participants (
N
= 80), who attested they had no history of speech, language, neurological, or hearing deficits, completed two tasks of nonnative phonetic category learning, two tasks of learning to cope with variation in their native language, and seven tasks of other cognitive functions, distributed across two sessions. Performance on these 11 tasks was compared, and exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the extent to which performance on each task was related to the others.

Results

Performance on both tasks of native learning and an explicit task of nonnative learning patterned together, suggesting that native and nonnative phonetic learning tasks rely on a shared underlying capacity, which is termed “phonetic plasticity.” Phonetic plasticity was also associated with vocabulary, comprehension of words in background noise, and, more weakly, working memory.

Conclusions

Nonnative sound learning and native language speech perception may rely on shared phonetic plasticity. The results suggest that good learners of native language phonetic variation are also good learners of nonnative phonetic contrasts.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16606778
Suggestions for Improving the Investigation of Gesture in Aphasia
Authors: Stark Brielle C. , Clough Sharice , Duff Melissa
Published: September 2021

Purpose

When we speak, we gesture, and indeed, persons with aphasia gesture more frequently. The reason(s) for this is still being investigated, spurring an increase in the number of studies of gesture in persons with aphasia. As the number of studies increases, so too does the need for a shared set of best practices for gesture research in aphasia. After briefly reviewing the importance and use of gesture in persons with aphasia, this viewpoint puts forth methodological and design considerations when evaluating gesture in persons with aphasia.

Method & Results

We explore several different design and methodological considerations for gesture research specific to persons with aphasia, such as video angle specifications, data collection techniques, and analysis considerations. The goal of these suggestions is to develop transparent and reproducible methods for evaluating gesture in aphasia to build a solid foundation for continued work in this area.

Conclusions

We have proposed that it is critical to evaluate multimodal communication in a methodologically robust way to facilitate increased knowledge about the relationship of gesture to spoken language, cognition, and to other aspects of living with aphasia and recovery from aphasia. We conclude by postulating future directions for gesture research in aphasia.
Testing whether a signal is strictly periodic
Authors: Hara Nathan C. , Delisle Jean-Baptiste , Unger Nicolas , Dumusque Xavier
Published: September 2021

Searches for periodicity in time series are often done with models of periodic signals, whose statistical significance is assessed via false alarm probabilities or Bayes factors. However, a statistically significant periodic model might not originate from a strictly periodic source. In astronomy in particular, one expects transient signals that show periodicity for a certain amount of time before vanishing. This situation is encountered, for instance, in the search for planets in radial velocity data. While planetary signals are expected to have a stable phase, amplitude, and frequency – except when strong planet-planet interactions are present – signals induced by stellar activity will typically not exhibit the same stability. In the present article we explore the use of periodic functions multiplied by time windows to diagnose whether an apparently periodic signal is truly so. We suggest diagnostics to check whether a signal is consistently present in the time series and has a stable phase, amplitude, and period. The tests are expressed both in a periodogram and Bayesian framework. Our methods are applied to the solar HARPS-N data as well as HD 215152, HD 69830, and HD 13808. We find that the HARPS-N solar data exhibit signals at the solar rotation period and its first harmonic (~13.4 days). The frequency and phase of the 13.4 day signal appear constant within the estimation uncertainties, but its amplitude presents significant variations that can be mapped to activity levels. Secondly, as previously reported, we find four, three, and two planets orbiting HD 215152, HD 69830, and HD 13808, respectively.
V838 Monocerotis as seen by ALMA: A remnant of a binary merger in a triple system
Authors: Kamiński Tomek , Tylenda Romuald , Kiljan Aleksandra , Schmidt Mirek , Lisiecki Krzysztof , Melis Carl , Frankowski Adam , Joshi Vishal , Menten Karl M.
Published: September 2021

Context.V838 Mon erupted in 2002, quickly becoming the prototype of a new type of stellar eruption known today as the (luminous) red nova. Red nova outbursts are thought to be caused by stellar mergers. The merger in V838 Mon took place in a triple or higher system involving two B-type stars.

Aims.We wish to characterize the merger remnant ~17 yr after the eruption to learn more about the remaining system, the progenitor, and the merger physics.

Methods.We mapped the merger site with ALMA at a resolution of ~25 mas, or 148 au for a distance of 5.9 kpc, in continuum dust emission and in rotational lines of simple molecules, including CO, SiO, SO, SO2, AlOH, and H2S. We use radiative transfer calculations to reproduce the architecture of the remnant at the epoch of the ALMA observations. We also make use of optical spectroscopy data obtained mainly with VLT/X-shooter and SALT/HRS.

Results.For the first time, we identify the position of the B-type companion relative to the outbursting component of V838 Mon. The stellar remnant is surrounded by a clumpy wind with characteristics similar to those of the winds of red supergiants. The merger product is also associated with an elongated structure of 17.6 × 7.6 mas (104 × 45 au) seen in continuum emission, and which we interpret as a disk seen at a moderate inclination. Maps of continuum and molecular emission also show a complex region of interaction between the B-type star (its gravity, radiation, and wind) and the flow of matter ejected in 2002. The remnant’s molecular mass is about 0.1M⊙and the dust mass is 8.3 × 10−3M⊙. The mass of the atomic component remains unconstrained.

Conclusions.The most interesting region for understanding the merger of V838 Mon lies in its direct vicinity and appears elongated, but details of its substructure remain unknown. To study it further and in more detail will require even higher angular resolutions. ALMA maps show us an extreme form of interaction between the merger ejecta and the distant (~250 au) companion. This interaction is similar to that known from the Anteres AB system but at a much higher mass loss rate. The B-type star not only deflects the merger ejecta but also changes its molecular composition with an involvement of circumstellar shocks. The ALMA view of V838 Mon offers the best images of a merger site so far.
Extending the absorption band from infrared to ultraviolet using the ITO transition from reflection to transparence
Authors: Bendelala Fathi , Cheknane Ali , Benatallah Mohammed , Nunzi Jean-Michel
Published: September 2021

A numerical simulation based on the finite-element method shows that a metamaterial absorber using Tungsten (W) and Indium tin oxide (ITO) plasmonic metals can be ultra-broadband and show high-performance. Conventional broadband absorbers usually consist of multiple metal-dielectric layers or multi-resonators and have a bulky shape. The present work investigates the possibility to reach optimal characteristics with a simple design by combining two plasmonic materials (W/ITO) within a single resonator. Involving the ITO transition from reflection to transparence dramatically increases the absorption bandwidth, which is extended from infrared to ultraviolet, with up to 99.92% absorption. The design is polarization-insensitive under oblique incidence, up to 75° and 80°, for TE and TM polarization waves, respectively.
Die Nuklearmedizin als integrativer Bestandteil einer
Lungenklinik
Authors: Förster Gregor J. , Dresel Stefan
Published: September 2021

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Anforderungen und
Besonderheiten einer nuklearmedizinischen Abteilung an einer dezidierten
Lungenklinik. Spezielle Untersuchungsmethoden werden beschrieben, und die
Notwendigkeit neuer Techniken wird herausgestellt. Darüber hinaus
erörtert der Beitrag die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer solchen Abteilung.
Numerical investigation of internal plasma currents in a magnetic nozzle
Authors: Emoto Kazuma , Takahashi Kazunori , Takao Yoshinori
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of an electrodeless plasma thruster, which uses a magnetic nozzle, were conducted to investigate the thrust generation induced by the internal plasma current. The results clearly show that the E×B and diamagnetic current densities are the major components of the internal plasma current. The simulated pressure structures reproduced the experimentally observed structures well. The results for various magnetic field strengths reveal that the E×B effect decreases, and the diamagnetic effect becomes dominant with an increase in the magnetic field strength; this demonstrates the significant contribution of the diamagnetic effect in thrust generation.
Rate-dependent input curve shaping of the piezoelectric actuator based optical resonator cavity displacement characteristics for an external cavity diode laser
Authors: Tian Kai , Liu Zhigang , Jing Tao , Zhu Yu
Published: September 2021

In an external cavity diode laser, the rate-dependent nonlinearity of the piezoelectric actuator based optical resonator cavity (ORC) restricts its application in high-precision measurements. This paper proposes a rate-dependent nonlinear active suppression method for an ORC system based on the Hammerstein model. Using a back propagation neural network and system identification algorithm, a high-precision rate-dependent Hammerstein model of the ORC system is established. The B-spline curve is used to simplify the input voltage curve, and the optimized voltage curve that can obtain the linear displacement output is solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that in the frequency range of 2–50 Hz, the regression coefficients (R2) of the ascent and descent stages at each experimental frequency of the ORC system increased to over 0.9998 and optimized the curve at the inflection point to suppress the vibration at the inflection point.
Difference in AC magnetization between suspended and immobilized magnetic nanoparticles in Néel-relaxation dominant case: Effect of easy axis alignment in suspended nanoparticles
Authors: Enpuku Keiji , Elrefai Ahmed L. , Gotou Jinnya , Yamamura Shuya , Sasayama Teruyoshi , Yoshida Takashi
Published: September 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for bio-sensing applications, where suspended and immobilized MNPs can be magnetically distinguished using their different magnetic properties. We study magnetic properties of suspended and immobilized MNPs when the Néel relaxation time is much shorter than the Brownian. We show in both numerical simulation and experiment that they have different magnetic properties such as AC magnetization curves and harmonic spectra even though the dynamic behavior of both MNP types is primarily dominated by Néel relaxation. This difference is caused by the partial alignment of the easy axes in suspended MNPs when an AC magnetic field is applied. We introduce a distribution function for the angle of easy axis alignment. We also show a method to evaluate the distribution function from the measured AC magnetization curve and clarify the relationship between easy axis alignment and the AC field strength. Using the distribution function, we can quantitatively discuss the effect of easy axis alignment on the magnetic properties of suspended MNPs. The obtained results provide a basis for using MNPs in bio-sensing.
Aqueous solution-deposited aluminum-gallium-oxide alloy gate dielectrics for low voltage fully oxide thin film transistors
Authors: He Fuchao , Wang Yifei , Lin Zhenhua , Su Jie , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: September 2021

Different to conventional high-κ gate dielectric fabrication that usually generates porosity and pinhole sites when evaporating solvents or impurities in the thin-film formation process, herein, we report a simple aqueous route to deposit aluminum-gallium-oxide (AGO) alloy gate dielectrics. Compared to GaOx dielectric, higher performance and aqueous solution-processed low voltage fully oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) are achieved based on the AGO dielectric films. The solution-processed IZO(300 °C)/AGO TFT with optimal performance shows a good charge carrier saturation mobility of 55.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off current ratio of ∼104, threshold voltage of 0.1 V, and a low operation voltage of 5 V. Our study represents a significant step toward the development of low-cost, easy-control, and large-area oxide electronics.
Bulk-sensitive magnetic microscope utilizing x-ray magnetic circularly polarized emission
Authors: Sugawara Kento , Inami Toshiya , Nakada Takahiro , Sakaguchi Yui , Takahashi Shin
Published: September 2021

We report a bulk-sensitive x-ray magnetic microscope that exploits a new magneto-optical effect in x-ray emission, referred to as x-ray magnetic circularly polarized emission (XMCPE). An advantage of XMCPE is a large magnetic dichroic effect for 3d transition-metal elements in the hard x-ray region, which enables the realization of a bulk-sensitive microscope suited to iron- and cobalt-rich ferromagnetic materials. We constructed a scanning microscope with 10 μm lateral resolution. A key element is a Montel-type collimating mirror that widely collects the divergent x rays emitted from a sample and converts them into a well-collimated x-ray beam, which is required for circular polarization analysis. Owing to this mirror, the obtained XMCPE spectra of metallic iron exhibited strong intensity and a large magnetic dichroic effect. The performance of the microscope is also demonstrated by the acquisition of magnetization images of an electrical steel sheet with an insulating coating.