bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' NEEDS: A PANACEA FOR COMPETENT SCHOOLING PREPARATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Alhaji
Published: March 2023

Teacher Education training has played a central role in the training of individuals, who are responsible for impacting knowledge, behavior, attitude, and skills, in order to ensure better productivity and efficiency in the society. The main objectives of this study are to identify preservice teachers’ needs and what component of teaching knowledge they require?  How could we satisfied their needs? And how do we ensure their needs are adequately provided for effective classroom instruction? The finding of this study has shown that the inability of many teacher education training in satisfying preservice teachers needs has made it difficult for them to possess the require subject matter knowledge and skills for effective classroom instruction. The study has identify two preservice teachers’ needs (i.e. learning needs and teaching needs). The need are further categorized into cognitive needs, emotional needs and physical needs. Therefore, it is pertinent for the training to bridge the gap between the current practice in the training and the desired practice in order to groom competent school teachers and achieve the set objective of the training. It is recommended that the training should examine relevant strategies adopted in the training, and adjusted to current realities of needs of the preservice teachers to ensure that the training is appropriately managed to achieve the set objectives of the training

Keyword: Preservice teachers; teaching needs; competent school teachers
FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING PROBLEMS AT STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY DATOKARAMA PALU FOLLOWING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ramang  , Retolia
Published: March 2023

Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has passed, the time during which it occurred is critical to discuss. It has impacted face-to-face learning problematic for students in the Islamic Religious Education Study Program. There are a number of studies that have been conducted to discuss the COVID-19 pandemic, both for the purposes of providing information to the community and in the field of education. However, research and writing related to the problems of post-COVID-19 face-to-face learning are still very limited. Through library studies and intensive field research from various literature and field facts, this study seeks to explain how the problems of face-to-face learning post-COVID-19 affect Islamic education courses and the Islamic religious education study program, FTIK UIN Datokarama Palu. The results of this study indicate that the problems of face-to-face learning after COVID-19 have appeared in the face-to-face learning process and have had an unfavorable influence on the behavior of entering lecture halls and students' reasoning power, both in the form of discussions and question and answer sessions, including in facing the Midterm Examination and end of semester exams. The conclusion is that problems in learning can be solved by lecturers using various learning strategies, both methods and strategies. This research still has limitations, namely only focusing on the Department of Islamic Religious Education, so it is still hoped that in the future there will be other studies that examine UIN Datokarama Palu in full.
ENHANCING THE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTER OF STUDENTS AT QURRATU A'YUN HIGH SCHOOL THROUGH EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors: Fakhrurrozi Hatta , Minabari Masturah , Saguni Fatimah , Marfiyanto Tri
Published: March 2023

Religious education in schools is expected to have a significant impact on the development of students' religious and social character so as to prevent them from immoral social behavior. This research tries to identify extracurricular activities that help improve the social and religious character of students. This research uses qualitative methodologies, with in-depth interviews providing as data collecting technique. The data were subsequently analysed utilising triangulation techniques by modifying existing theories. According to the findings of this study, the school offers an Islamic tarbiyah programme as an extracurricular activity from Saturday through Sunday. Every day, a programme called tawjihat murabbiyat is used to control Islamic tarbiyah activities. In addition to extracurricular activities, the improvement of students' religious and social character is accomplished by the incorporation of religious principles into subject matter and the entrenching of appropriate behaviour in school culture. Developing social character involves working on a variety of skills, including discipline, respect for others, serving both parents, tolerance, humility, and caring for others and the environment. Concerning the religious attitudes fostered by the program, such as the practise of congregational prayer, the wearing of the veil, and hostility towards Wahdah Islamiyah and Mutamayyiz Muslims.
Ethno-conservation of New Guinea Singing Dog among Tribes in Pegunungan Tengah, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Syawal Arni , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Faida Lies Rahayu Wijayanti , Sirami Elieser Viktor , Setyadi Esti Gesang , Puradyatmika Pratita , Suwandi Rendy Enggar , Imron Muhammad Ali
Published: March 2023

Interactions between humans and carnivores have been range from positive to negative, occasionally leading to human-wildlife conflict in many parts of the world. While dogs have roles to support humans, wild dogs such as wolf, dingoes, and singing dogs have both potential positive and negative roles for humans. We gathered knowledge among tribes in Pegunungan Tengah of Papua, Indonesia on their interactions with the New Guinea Singing Dog (NGSD) using an ethno-conservation approach. We conducted in-depth interviews using both emit and etic approaches with informants from the Amungme, Damal, Moni and Dani (Lani) tribes, who live in the habitat of the dog. Data were analyzed using phenomenological, content analysis, and analytical induction processes. The four tribes have traditional knowledge about the dog and its habitat, thus forming behavioral patterns, belief systems and cultural values toward NGSD. The ethno-conservation of these tribes is reflected in their culture as results from their ability to identify the dog’s sensitivity to the change of environment including human disturbances, water quality and food availability. The tribes also limit themselves to share information about NGSD to outsiders and respect the dogs as their ancestors. Residents of the four Indigenous tribes of Pegunungan Tengah believe that NGSD is the reincarnation and avatar of the dwelling spirits of their ancestors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the conservation of this non-protected species by the Indonesian government, but endemic to Papua.
Investigating privacy principles’ formation in vernacular architecture of arid and semi-arid parts of Iran
Authors: Shayegani Aida , Joklová Viera
Published: March 2023

Traditional Iranian architecture principles have deep roots in this region’s culture, thoughts, and climatic conditions. Privacy, as one of these principles, which has ever regulated all aspects of life, has been beautifully embodied in the vernacular residential architecture of Iran. It proved to have profound effects which resulted in a specific spatial organization of the house and the placement of various functions, either private or semi-private. Many research studies have claimed that privacy was an attribute of Islamic rules in Iranian architecture. Based on historical and phenomenological analyses of vernacular Iranian architecture this paper strives to confront the privacy principle also according to Iranian (or former Persian) culture, climate, and security conditions. Changed geopolitical and cultural conditions in the 20th century raised new forms of architectural residential morphology almost completely negating the principle of privacy. The question is whether the vernacular principle of privacy should be embodied in the new design of Iranian residential houses or be preserved merely as an expression of former culture increasing the quality of the image of the city and its attractiveness. The research completed by qualitative morphological and analytical methods clarifies the mentioned principles and identifies the definition of privacy, the factors affecting it, the roots of its formation, its influence on the physical-spatial organization of traditional residential architecture in Iran, and its continuation in modern residential architecture in Iran.
Bibliometric analysis of water at the intersection of environmental psychology and biophilic design
Authors: Katuk Damla , Köseoğlu Emine
Published: March 2023

Water is the subject of study in many scientific fields. The relationship between water and space in architecture is connected with environmental psychology and biophilic design. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the research related to water at the intersection of environmental psychology and biophilic design, to identify current research gaps and primary authors and concepts. The method applied herein is biblio-metric analysis with the science mapping technique, covering the documents held on Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The keywords environmental psychology, biophilic design, and water are selected for the systematically analysed scan performed in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. After collecting the bibliometric data of a total of 292 documents from the databases on 1 May 2022, the downloaded .csv and .txt data files were transferred to VOSviewer (1.6.18.0). Firstly, descriptive data was examined on the Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Secondly, visualizations were created via the science mapping techniques by VOSviewer. The selected bibliometric analysis with science mapping techniques represents co-authorship data by the authors, co-occurrences data by author keywords, citation data by documents, co-citation data by the cited references, and co-citation data by the cited authors. As a result, twelve primary authors and five concepts have been identified. The concepts for the gaps are biophilic design, biophilia, emotional design, perception, and architectural design. The critical result is that in the approach to the relationship between space and water in architecture, biophilic design has been found to be a more recent field than environmental psychology. So, the concepts ascertained in this study – and especially the newly established combinations with the biophilic architecture– are going to have a growing tendency in architecture.
Traces of former mill races in Krnov: Possibilities of revitalization and interpretation
Authors: Illéš Juraj , Joklová Viera , Jaszczak Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

Mill races were an integral part of many towns in the past. But when they lost their economic importance, they were mostly filled and buried underground. Although we can now find them in their original form in a few cases only, their spatial corridors have often been preserved in the urban structure. The research aims to detect the historical trace of the former mill races in Krnov, a small town in the district of Bruntál in the Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic, and investigate the possibilities of their interpretation and revitalization. The research focuses on the identification of the remnants and traces of the former mill races using historical maps, literary and visual sources, and subsequently on the investigation of the state of their current existence in the urban structure, according to current orthophoto maps, real estate cadastre records, and field research. During the 19th century, the mill race system in Krnov and its surrounds consisted of four mill race channels. Two of them have been preserved with water flow to the present day. The other two mill races were filled. Research shows, however, that the footprint of their corridors is legible in the urban structure even today, and its presentation in new forms could significantly contribute to regenerate the urban fabric and revitalize public spaces. The mill races represent historical and cultural heritage, and the presentation and interpretation of their values, even those that have disappeared, can significantly help increase the quality and attractiveness of urban public spaces for residents and tourists.
Alpine huts: Architectural innovations and development in the High Tatras in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Novotná Mária
Published: March 2023

The innovative 20th century brought many problems, but it brought many solutions too. The problems architecture was trying to handle at the time were no longer solvable with traditional methods. The world learned about new architectural movements like post-war modernism, brutalism, high-tech architecture, and postmodernism. However, there were places where innovative tendencies were implemented at a slower rate, with some delay, or not at all. The paper analyses buildings built in the alpine territories of the High Tatras in former Czechoslovakia and examines three typologies of huts: small huts, large-capacity huts, and huts transformed into mountain hotels. The research concentrates on huts and the innovations through the process of architectural planning, changes and adaptations of newly-built objects, extensions of the existing and reconstruction of decayed huts and also on the never built projects. The main focus is on the huts Chata pri Popradskom plese, Sliezsky dom, Chata pod Rysmi, Chata pri Zelenom plese and Kežmarská chata. The building process of the huts is explained in the social and political context with the notion of the second half of the 20th century paradigm. It was the era shaped by post-war recovery, architecture for the masses, television, exploration of eight-thousanders and space trips. In the second half of the 20th century, Czechoslovakia was under Soviet control with the command or planned economy. The paper explores the phenomena of the period, examining the effect they had on the care for the huts and what happened after the revolution in 1989. Despite the lack of architectural interventions in the alpine territories, the paper found examples of socialist realism, post-war modernism, and high-tech ideas in the architecture of the High Tatras highest terrains.
Optimising the Geometric Parameters of a Gear in a Tractor Transmission Under Constraints Using Kisssoft
Authors: Can Emre , Bozca Mehmet
Published: March 2023

We optimise the speed gears in a tractor transmission with KISSsoft software under three constraints: input power torque, transmission system volume and the gear ratio for each speed. This study aimed to optimise the module, face width, gear quality, centre distance, number of teeth, helix angle, addendum modification coefficient and pressure angle for each speed while considering the above constraints based on an optimisation chart. Tooth bending stress, tooth contact stress, contact ratio and specific sliding were considered during optimisation. Additionally, the effects of changes in a module on the gear profiles, overlap ratio, number of teeth and weight of the gear pair were examined. Strength calculations of gear pairs that were optimised and defined for all geometric parameters with KISSsoft were calculated with the mathematical model described in ISO 6336, and results were then compared. Finally, backlash was minimised for all gear pairs as defined with geometric parameters, and all dimensions and tolerances were determined for gear inspection after manufacturing. A concept design was also presented. We conclude that both the KISSsoft results and mathematical model results are within the range of the target value.
Geological and Geotechnical Assessment of Aggregates Used in Nagar Parker District Tharparkar Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Kalwar Muzafar A.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the geology of granite and evaluate the engineering properties of the samples to make recommendations for the construction industry. The study area is situated in the Nagar Parker complex in Pakistan, which is located in the extreme south-east of the Thar District and the desert of the Sindh Province, near the Run of Kutch (240° 15′–35 30′ N, 70° 40′–58 07′ E), and it covers ca. 500–1,000 km2. In this region, several Quaternary deposits, subordinate and dispersed Jurassic–Tertiary sandstones and clays are overlying the Nagar Igneous Complex basement. According to international standards, there are various possible aggregate sources. However, only a few of them have been reviewed for suitability reasons. Six quarries in Nagar Parker, Pakistan, were selected for evaluation as coarse aggregate in concrete construction and civil engineering works in this research. Although the aggregates from the six quarries are specified and already widely used in the Sindh Province, there is a lack of studies on their geological properties. The results of the presented research revealed that samples from Dhedvero, Karai, Nagarparkar, Mokrio, Dinsi and Wadlai meet all of the international standard requirements for aggregates. Geotechnical, petrographic and geochemistry laboratory tests were conducted in this research and included bulk density, water absorption, specific gravity test, index of flakiness and elongation, soundness aggregate test, crushing value aggregate, impact value aggregate and abrasion value of Los Angeles. Furthermore, chemical alkali-silica reaction potential test and petrographic examination were tested. As a result, we evaluated the properties of granite, which is a crystalline igneous rock with a visibly crystalline structure and texture, made up of feldspar, i.e., potash feldspar and oligoclase. The evaluated minerals are compatible with the standards of civil engineering works and can be used as a concrete aggregate. The evaluated three types of minerals included Dhedvero simple intrusion, Nagar pink granite and grey granite.
Microbiology of Metalworking Fluids: What We Know and Lessons to be Learnt
Authors: Koch Thomas
Published: March 2023

Water-miscible metalworking fluids are an essential component of many manufacturing processes. During their lifetime they are subject to permanent changes in their physical and chemical characteristics. Due to their high content of water and their chemical composition in use, metalworking fluids (MWF) are prone to microbial life, i.e. the proliferation of bacteria and fungi. The microbial activity leads to significant changes in the chemical composition of the MWF, which can result in the loss of their technical properties. This paper briefly discusses the influences of microbial contamination on the technical quality of MWF and presents common monitoring systems for the detection of microorganisms. Finally, measures are described that can be taken to protect MWF from damage caused by high microbial loads in daily practice. In a short outlook, alternative research approaches are mentioned that aim at sustainable use of MWF.
Influence of Valve-Seat Angles to Operation Values and Emissions of Medium-Speed Diesel Engines
Authors: Marquardt Leander , Katke Heiner-Joachim , Reinke Andreas , Kockskämper Niklas
Published: March 2023

For the development of gas exchange for large diesel engines, a compromise has to be found between efficient valve-flow and the time between overhauls. On the one hand, large effective flow areas, especially during valve-overlap, are demanded. On the other hand, there are limitations of cylinder bore regarding the maximum diameter of inlet and outlet valves and the minimum distance (dead space) between valves and piston, as well as wear-related smaller seat angles. For large medium-speed diesel engines, a valve-seat angle of β = 30° for inlet and outlet valves is a standard application. For engine-operation with clean fuels, a valve-seat lubrication (gasoil) or smaller seat angles (natural gas) need to be applied. With this presentation, the basic influence of different valve-seat angles on the operation values and emissions will be considered for the example of the single-cylinder research engine FM16/24. Using a self-developed testbed, experimental investigations into effective flow areas as a function of valve-lift at inlet and outlet valves have to be executed. With this input, different cycle calculations including T/C have to be carried out to determine deviances in specific fuel-oil consumption, exhaust-gas temperatures, NOx emissions and air/fuel ratio. The results will be discussed critically.
Fractional Order, State Space Model of the Temperature Field in the PCB Plate
Authors: Oprzędkiewicz Krzysztof , Mitkowski Wojciech , Rosół Maciej
Published: March 2023

In the paper the fractional order, state space model of a temperature field in a two-dimensional metallic surface is addressed. The proposed model is the two dimensional generalization of the one dimensional, fractional order, state space of model of the heat transfer process. It uses fractional derivatives along time and length. The proposed model assures better accuracy with lower order than models using integer order derivatives. Elementary properties of the proposed model are analysed. Theoretical results are experimentally verifed using data from industrial thermal camera.
Standard and Fractional Discrete-Time Linear Systems with Zero Transfer Matrices
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz , Ruszewski Andrzej
Published: March 2023

The transfer matrix of the standard and fractional linear discrete-time linear systems is investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for zeroing of the transfer matrix of the linear discrete-time systems are established. The considerations are illustrated by examples of the standard and fractional linear discrete-time systems.
Effective Shaping of a Stepped Sandwich Beam with Clamped Ends
Authors: Magnucki Krzysztof , Kustosz Joanna , Goliwąs Damian
Published: March 2023

The aim of this work is to propose a sandwich beam with stepped layer thickness in three parts along its length. The total depth, width of the cross-section and its mass are constant. The beam is under a uniformly distributed load. The system of two equilibrium equations was formulated for each part based on the literature. This system was analytically solved for the successive parts of the beam and the functions of the shear effect and deflection were determined in them. The effective stepped layer thicknesses was determined on the basis of the adopted criterion for minimizing the maximum deflection of the beam. The example calculations were made for two elected beams. The effective shapes of these beams are shown in the figures. Moreover, FEM numerical calculations of the deflections of these beams are performed.
The Influence of Friction Force and Hysteresis on the Dynamic Responses of Passive Quarter-Car Suspension with Linear and Non-Linear Damper Static Characteristics
Authors: Klockiewicz Zbyszko , Ślaski Grzegorz
Published: March 2023

Vehicle passive suspensions consist of two major elements generating force – spring and passive damper. Both possess non-linear characteristics, which are quite often taken into account in simulations; however, the friction forces inside the hydraulic damper and the damping force’s hysteresis are usually left out. The researchers in this paper present the results of examination of the influence of using complex damper models – with friction and hysteresis; and with linear and non-linear static characteristics – on the chosen dynamic responses of a suspension system for excitations in the typical exploitation frequency range. The results from the simulation tests of the simplified and advanced versions of the damper model – different transfer functions and their relation to the reference model’s transfer functions – are compared. The main conclusion is that friction and hysteresis add extra force to the already existing damping force, acting similar to damping increase for the base static characteristics. But this increase is not linear – it is bigger for smaller frequencies than for higher frequencies. The research shows the importance of including non-linear characteristics and proposed modules in modelling passive dampers.
Thoughts on the Inconclusive Zone in Comparison Question Test (CQT)
Authors: Ginton Avital
Published: March 2023

The Inconclusive Zone, in one form or another, is an integral part of almost any data analysis method of CQT. It represents the existence of built-in uncertainties in the test and indicates how the test, in general, and the examiners, in particular, bear this limitation in practice. Unfortunately, it is so common that most examiners tend not to spend too much time and attention wondering about its meaning. The following are some reflections on the concept of an Inconclusive Zone, and its actual use, including some resulting recommendations. Th at includes internal aspects of the test, such as the relation between the extent of using multiple comparison points between relevant and comparison questions and the optimal Inconclusive Zone size. External aspects affecting the Inconclusive Zone’s size and shape are also stressed when looking at the CQT through a prism of aiding decision-making rather than a mere means to sort truth from lies.
The Effect of Training on the Effectiveness of Deception Detection
Authors: Dzida Jagoda
Published: March 2023

The research conducted aims at determining the impact of short training on the trainee’s ability to detect deception with the use of non-instrumental methods of detection of deception. As the criminal procedure permits such methods of detection of deception, the results of the research are practical. The research was carried out on a group of participants given the task to watch a video recording and conclude whether the person presented told the truth or lied. Subsequently, the participants were given a short training on both verbal and non-verbal deception cues, illustrated with examples taken from the video they had watched. In the second leg of the test, the participants watched another video and decided whether the person presented was truthful or deceptive (on the grounds of deception cues they spotted). Th e results showed that the training improved participants’ ability to detect deception by c. 22%.
Attempt at Detection of Deception Based on Records of Physiological Reactions Remotely Captured with FaceReader Software. Part 1
Authors: Widacki Jan , Wójcik Bartosz , Szuba-Boroń Anna
Published: March 2023

Strong emotions are among others manifested in the expressive movements (facial expression). Facial expressions are natural and universal by nature. They do not depend on ethnicity, culture, social status, age, etc. Nonetheless, humans are sometimes capable of controlling their facial expressions and hiding their emotions. Simulating emotions is a fundamental acting skill. However, controlling facial impressions takes time. The onset of such a control is delayed by anything from 0.25 to even 0.1 second – the period when the authentic facial expression, adequate to the emotion is demonstrated – and therefore remains imperceptible to an external observer. This short-lived facial expression observed in that short meantime is known as microexpression.

FaceReader, designed by Dutch company Noldus (established and directed by Professor Lucas Noldus), is a software package for automatic recognition and analysis of facial expression. As its diagnostic value for validity as well as reliability, that is the level of correct indications, remains unknown, we decided to determine it experimentally and have chosen to run an experiment comparing its diagnostic value with that of a traditional polygraph examination.
Fixations in Agile Software Development Teams
Authors: Borowa Klara , Kamoda Sebastian , Ogrodnik Piotr , Zalewski Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Cognitive biases influence every human being, including the individuals that take part in the software development process. Fixation is a cognitive bias that occurs when one focuses too much on certain items, events, obstacles or activities. In this study, we examine whether agile team members fixate on any particular agile practices. Through a set of semi-structured interviews, we investigated the source of these fixations, their consequences, and then propose possible countermeasures. We found that practitioners tend to fixate on practices that give them a sense of being in control over the project (such as meetings or Scrum events), while neglecting the Agile Principles of self-organising teams and working at a sustainable pace. This resulted in a series of problems, such as futile attempts to control team members, oversharing information with the client, meetings becoming a form of interrogation, and others.
Comparing the understandability of iteration mechanisms over Collections in Java
Authors: Hnatkowska Bogumiła , Krych Bartosz
Published: March 2023

Source code understandability is a desirable quality factor affecting long-term code maintenance. Understandability of source code can be assessed in a variety of ways, including subjective evaluation of code fragments (perceived understandability), correctness, and response time to tasks performed. It can also be assessed using various source code metrics, such as cyclomatic complexity or cognitive complexity. Programming languages are evolving, giving programmers new ways to do the same things, e.g., iterating over collections. Functional solutions (lambda expressions and streams) are added to typical imperative constructs like iterators or for-each statements. This research aims to check if there is a correlation between perceived understandability, understandability measured by task correctness, and predicted by source code metrics for typical tasks that require iteration over collections implemented in Java. The answer is based on the results of an experiment. The experiment involved 99 participants of varying ages, declared Java knowledge and seniority measured in years. Functional code was perceived as the most understandable, but only in one case, the subjective assessment was confirmed by the correctness of answers. In two examples with the highest perceived understandability, streams received the worst correctness scores. Cognitive complexity and McCabe’s complexity had the lowest values in all tasks for the functional approach, but – unfortunately – they did not correlate with answer correctness. The main finding is that the functional approach to collection manipulation is the best choice for the filter-map-reduce idiom and its alternatives (e.g., filter-only). It should not be used in more complex tasks, especially those with higher complexity metrics.
Comparative Review of Selected Internet Communication Protocols
Authors: Kamiński Lukasz , Kozłowski Maciej , Sporysz Daniel , Wolska Katarzyna , Zaniewski Patryk , Roszczyk Radosław
Published: March 2023

With a large variety of communication methods and protocols, many software architects face the problem of choosing the best way for services to share information. For communication technology to be functional and practical, it should enable developers to define a complete set of CRUD methods for the processed data. The research team compared this paper’s most commonly used data transfer protocols and concepts: REST, WebSocket, gRPC GraphQL and SOAP. A set of web servers was implemented in Python, each using one of the examined technologies. Then, the team performed an automated benchmark measuring time and data transfer overhead for a set of defined operations: creating an entity, retrieving a list of 100 entities and fetching details of one entity. Tests were designed to avoid the results being interfered with by database connection or docker-compose environment characteristics. The research team has concluded that gRPC was the most efficient and reliable data transfer method. On the other hand, GraphQL turned out to be the slowest communication method of all. Moreover, its server and client libraries caused the most problems with proper usage in a web server. SOAP did not participate in benchmarking due to limited compatibility with Python and a lack of popularity in modern web solutions.
What Should a Good Software Requirements Specification Include? Results of a Survey
Authors: Rączkowska-Gzowska Karolina , Walkowiak-Gall Anita
Published: March 2023

Software requirements specification is an important foundation of the software development process. It documents the requirements, expectations, and restrictions for a system to be developed. It should describe what the produced system will offer in detail and unambiguously. It should also provide a realistic basis for estimating product costs, risks, and schedules. Still, it is difficult to prepare a useful specification effectively. We want to propose an approach to creating a good specification. We started the work from scratch by determining what the scope of the specification should be. We asked people who work on IT projects what information is and should be included in the specifications with which they work. This paper presents results from a survey conducted with 163 participants who have experience working on commercial software development projects. The main observation is that the content of requirements specification differs with respect to project characteristics, such as industry or financing method. We also noticed that the information about integration with external systems and functionalities most often appears in the SRS.
Polish Contribution to Software Engineering Research 1992–2021
Authors: Szydłowska Justyna , Swacha Jakub
Published: March 2023

Since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, Polish researchers in the software engineering area made a large e ort to close the gap developed during the times of the Iron Curtain and the ensuing limited access to Western technology. The question arises as to whether they eventually managed to attain – or maybe even to surpass the scientific output in this area of the developed Western countries. In this paper, we perform analysis on papers published in 16 high-quality software engineering journals within the last 30 years to measure the Polish contribution to the global scientific output in the area of software engineering. We observe how the Polish contribution changed in quantity in relation to the global scientific output in subsequent years. We also identify the journals that attracted the Polish authors the most, the institutions located in Poland that contributed the most, as well as the most productive Polish authors and the most acknowledged works (in terms of citation number) written by Polish authors. Moreover, we investigate the topics most often chosen by them.
Effects of In Ovo Injection of Inorganic Salts of Zinc and Copper on Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Two Strains of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Sogunle O. M. , Ayodeji T. M. , Adetola O. O. , Odutayo O. J. , Adeyemo A. A. , Abiona J. A. , Olatunbosun O. B. , Safiyu K. K.
Published: March 2023

This study was composed of two experiments which investigated the response of two strains (Arbor Acre and Cobb 500, respectively) of broiler chickens to in ovo injection of inorganic salts of zinc, copper and their combination. A total of 300 hatching eggs [only 148 (59.20 %) and 232 (90.27 %), respectively, were fertile] each of Arbor Acre and Cobb 500 strains of broiler chickens were used in both experiments. These eggs were distributed into four treatments: control, in ovo inorganic Zn (80 µg.egg−1), Cu (16 µg.egg−1) and combined Zn and Cu (80 µg.egg−1 Zn and 16 µg.egg−1 Cu). The data obtained in both experiments were subjected to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at the 5 % probability level. The results showed increased hatchability (P < 0.05) in eggs injected with the combination of inorganic salts of Zn and Cu in Experiment I and daily intake was influenced in both experiments. The carcass traits, organ development and gut morphometry were not significantly influenced by the treatment groups. The total serum protein and albumin of the birds were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by in ovo injection of inorganic salts of Zn and Cu at day 49 in the Experiment I. The study concluded that in ovo injection of inorganic salts of Zn at 80 µg.egg−1 and/or Cu at 16 µg. egg−1 could be adopted to increase feed intake with: attendant enhanced growth, enhanced immune response, increased albumin and total protein contents of blood serum in the strains of broiler chickens used.
Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Activities, the Digestibility of Dry Matter of Broiler Chickens After Feed Intake of Humic Substances
Authors: Marcin A. , Naď P. , Bujňák L. , Skalická M. , Hreško Šamudovská A.
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of feed intake of humic substances (HS) on the cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the chymus of the intestine and ileum of broiler chickens (Cobb 500). Four groups of birds (A, B, C, negative control; n = 120) were fed with mash diets (starter HYD1 230.20, grower HYD2 222.20, finisher HYD3 209.40 g crude protein (CP) per kg of DM) with the added HS from day 1 to 37 days as follows: A ‒ 0.7 % Humac nature; B ‒ 0.7 % Humac nature monogastric (HNM); C ‒ 0.5 % HNM (Humac Ltd., Slovakia). The cellulolytic activities were increased in the intestine in B/C by 2.50 (P < 0.01)/1.65 (P < 0.05) on day 3 and 1.02 (P < 0.001)/0.3 (P < 0.05) µmol.l−1.min−1.g−1 on day 24. There were observed higher values of digestibility coefficient of DM in the intestine (P < 0.05) in C by 15.14 % and 14.85 %, and in B by 20.73 % on days 17, 24 and 31, respectively. The enhancement of ileal digestibility of DM was observed in B by 7.38 % (P < 0.05) and CP in A and B by 3.7% and 6.1% (P < 0.05). The feed intake of HS favourably influenced the cellulolytic activities and increased the DM digestibility in the intestine and the ileum, as well as the CP digestibility in the ileum.
Hindlimb Skeletal Morphology of the Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagridis)
Authors: Onwuama K. T. , Ibe C. S. , Omowunmi L. K. , Kigir E. S. , Jaji A. Z. , Salami S. O.
Published: March 2023

The Guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis) is a semi-domestic bird whose commercial popularity is on the increase. The gross anatomy of the hindlimbs of 8 helmeted Guinea fowls of equal sexes were studied. The pubic shafts were free, thus they did not fuse ventrally to form a symphysis. The ilium had a quadrilateral and roughly triangular pre and post acetabular wings, respectively. A conspicuous renal fossa was observed in the post acetabular wing. An incomplete concentric obturator foramen, lacking a caudal margin, was formed by the ventral border of the ischium and dorsal border of the cranial pubic shaft, while a prominent ischiopubic fissure was formed by the same bones, caudally. The incomplete concentric nature of the obturator foramen created a common space between it and the ischiopubic fissure. The femoral major trochanter was more proximal than the head, while the minor tro-chanter and the head were on the same horizontal level. The femur lacked a visible pneumatic foramen. The tibiotarsus had a prominent cranial cnemial crest. The fibular spine terminated at the tibia mid-shaft, leaving one interosseous space. An intertarsal sesamoid bone was identified, indicative of an adult skeleton. Crests and channels depicted the hypotarsus. Vascular foramen was identified in the distal extremity of the tibiotarsus. Digit I was oriented to the planter direction.

These results, and others, were compared with those of other birds in the available literature, and some morpho-functional paradigm of the Guinea fowl hindlimb skeleton was established.
Detection of Antibiotic Residues and Mycotoxins in Milk Using Competitive Immunochromatographic Tests
Authors: Hriciková S. , Kožárová I. , McGoldrick D. , McCaul O.
Published: March 2023

As milk should be free from harmful substances before leaving the farm, this study provides the results of the analysis of the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples obtained within one year from Ireland and Slovakia. To evaluate the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues, Duplex BT Scan assay, produced by Zeulab S. L. was used. For the detection of AFM1, AflaM1 Scan (Zeulab S. L.) tests were used. Of a total of 69 raw cow’s milk samples analysed, 40 samples were obtained from the farms in Slovakia and 29 samples from the farms in Ireland. Among the 69 analysed samples, 17 (24.6 %) samples were tested positive for the presence of β-lactam residues, 12 (17.4 %) samples for tetracycline residues and 59 (88.4 %) samples for AFM1. Milk samples positive for antibiotic residues and mycotoxins were not acceptable and it is important that the reputation of milk as a healthy and safe food is protected worldwide. Dairy farmers and consumers want to be confident that milk and milk products are of high quality and free of all pharmacologically active substances and toxins.
Testing of the Efficacy of Bee Probiotic Lactobacilli Under In Vivo Conditions
Authors: Kuzyšinová K. , Mudroňová D. , Toporčák J. , Molnár L.
Published: March 2023

American foulbrood is amongst the most dangerous diseases of the bee-family affecting many honeybee colonies worldwide. In countries of European Union, based on veterinary legislation, the bee colonies tested positive to American foulbrood are eradicated with high economic losses. It is therefore necessary to look for effective prevention, especially by the using of natural ingredients such as probiotics. In this study, we used lactobacilli isolated from digestive tracts of adult healthy honey bees and selected based on their good probiotic properties and ability to inhibit the growth of Paenibacillus larvae. These isolates were identified as Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. Night cultures of both strains were used for the preparation of probiotic suspensions and pollen was selected as an appropriate carrier for application of probiotic lacto-bacilli to the hives. Half a litre of pollen suspension was prepared for each hive. The suspension for experimental hives contained probiotic lactobacilli in concentration of 107–108 CFU.ml−1. Bees in control hives received pollen suspension without addition of probiotic lacto-bacilli. The suspensions were supplied to bees three times, once a week. Before and during administration of probiotics, samples of honey bees from each hive were taken every week and numbers of lactobacilli, P. larvae, enterobacteria and coliform bacteria were determined in their digestive tracts. Four weeks after the first administration of probiotic-pollen solution the numbers of lactobacilli were increased approximately by 0.5 log. Before starting this experiment, P. larvae (approx. 107 CFU.ml−1) were detected in digestive tracts of honey bees. In the experimental group after 3 weeks and in the control group after 4 weeks, no viable counts of P. larvae were found. The numbers of enterobacteria, coliform bacteria and Bacillus sp. decreased in both groups. During the experiment the health and condition of the hives were monitored. In addition, also monitored were: the development of the bee colony, the number of dead bees, the amount of hive debris, the aggressiveness of the bees, and the amount of honey spun; later during the autumn treatment also the fall of Varroa jacobsoni was noted. In the experimental and control groups, we recorded a decrease in the amount of hive debris. Only in the experimental group was a slightly above-average development of the bee colony, slightly above-average honey yields and a 70 % lower drop of Varroa mites. Based on these results, we assumed that the probiotic-pollen solution had a positive influence on the composition of microbiota in bee digestive tracts and it can increase resistance to P. larvae. It also had a positive effect on the health and condition of the bee colony. Probiotic-free pollen solution showed similar but weaker effects.
Multilocus Sequence Typing as a Useful Tool for the Study of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure ofCryptosporidiumSpp.
Authors: Sučik M. , Valenčáková A.
Published: March 2023

One of the most important aquatic parasites in industrialized countries,Cryptosporidiumspp., is a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals worldwide. The contingent evolution of cryptosporidia with hosts, host adaptation, and geographic variation contributed to the creation of species subtypes, thereby shaping their population genetic structures. Multilocus typing tools for population genetic characterizations of transmission dynamics and delineation of mechanisms for the emergence of virulent subtypes have played an important role in improving our understanding of the transmission of this parasite. However, to better understand the significance of different subtypes with clinical disease manifestations and transmission risks, a large number of samples and preferably from different geographical areas need to be analyzed. This review provides an analysis of genetic variation through multilocus sequence typing, provides an overview of subtypes, typing gene markers forCryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium murisandCryptosporidium andersonigenotypes and an overview of the hosts of these parasites.
Molecular, Morphological and Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Canine Colorectal Cancer – A Review
Authors: Tancoš V. , Kovalik M. , Levkut M. , Škor O. , Antošová M. , Plank L. , Thoday K. L.
Published: March 2023

Cross-species comparison analysis studies are of immense importance in veterinary and human oncological research. Of the various non-rodent species available, dogs have gained most attention as potential animal models for the study of colorectal cancer. Domestic dogs developed evolutionally through a mutually beneficial relationship with humans. Because dogs share the same environment as humans, they are exposed to the same potentially harmful substances which may act as carcinogens in both species. Intestinal adenocarcinomas in dogs are naturally occurring heterogeneous tumours, which have the characteristics of sporadic human malignancies and therefore are more suitable for detailed oncological study than most xenograft or genetically modified rodent models. Furthermore, the canine genome has been comprehensively analysed and sequenced to a 7.6-fold coverage, and a very accurate version of this sequencing is available for study. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a comprehensive review of published data related to colorectal cancer in dogs. In addition, data regarding interspecies comparison of molecular events driving canine and human intestinal carcinogenesis is presented.