bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application effect of YOLOv8 algorithm combined with AIFI technology in insulator detection of power system
Authors: Tang Hao , Chen Faming , Feng Zhipeng , He Lingzhi , Wu Wenxuan
Published: January 2025

In power systems, insulators are critical components whose damage or failure can lead to equipment malfunctions or power interruptions, presenting significant challenges for operation and maintenance. Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient and prone to human error, failing to meet the high-precision and high-efficiency demands required for fault detection in modern power systems. To address this, the present study proposes combining the YOLOv8 algorithm with AIFI technology for the intelligent detection and fault diagnosis of insulators in power systems. The mean average accuracy (MAP) of the YOLOv8 algorithm before improvement is 0.919, with a model weight of 6.3MB. After integrating AIFI technology, the MAP of the model increased to 0.921, and the weight slightly decreased to 6.1MB. AIFI technology enhanced YOLOv8’s detection accuracy and robustness in complex environments by improving data quality, optimizing fault recognition, and reducing false positives and false negatives. The improved system provide a more accurate and efficient solution for health monitoring and fault diagnosis of power equipment.
Improving Employability: The Role of Cross-Cutting Competences in Vocational Education Outcomes
Authors: Baláž Vladimír , Dokupilová Dušana
Published: January 2025

Vocational education and training (VET) is often seen as a pathway to faster and better employment outcomes in comparison to general secondary education. However, the school-to-job transition remains complex, influenced by regional-, institutional- and individual-level factors. This paper evaluates the effects of the Slovak ‘Linking Secondary Education and Practice’ scheme, designed to improve success rates in secondary VET by enhancing cross-cutting literacy competences such as reading and mathematical skills. The study covers 25,219 students from 74 schools, spanning diverse contexts including developed and underdeveloped regions, and lower versus upper secondary vocational education. Using a combination of difference-in-differences (DiD) and the synthetic control method (SCM)—a novel approach for evaluating individual VET school performance—this research examines the determinants of school-to-job transitions at both regional and study field levels. The findings reveal significant disparities in VET outcomes based on programme type, field of study, and level of regional development. Vocational schools in underdeveloped regions exhibit weaker outcomes in comparison to their developed counterparts, underlining the importance of regional contexts in VET policy effectiveness. The research results indicate that the intervention worked best for the service-oriented fields in the lower secondary programme and/or in the poorest Slovak regions. The study contributes to the literature by offering a granular analysis of vocational education outcomes, providing evidence at the regional, study field, and programme levels.
The COVID-19 Paradox of Prevention Scale: Paradoxical Attitudes towards Preventive Behaviors Decrease Vaccination Willingness
Authors: Schnepf Julia , Groeben Norbert
Published: January 2025

Paradoxical views on the merit of preventive behaviors such as social distancing or vaccination have been spread during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we present the newly developed Paradox of Prevention Scale measuring such paradoxical anti-prevention attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The scale covers people’s paradoxical views on the purpose of preventive measures in the pandemic. We used data of five cross-cultural studies conducted at different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1,545). Exploratory factor analyses revealed that the new scale was robust and showed the same two-factorial pattern across all samples. It was positively correlated with distrust in science and conspiracy mentality, and significantly improved the prediction of people’s vaccination willingness. Hierarchical regression models showed that the Paradox of Prevention Scale explained the highest amount of variance when predicting vaccination willingness. We think that the scale can be useful for researchers from different disciplines investigating the interplay between psychological variables and vaccination behavior.
Intercropping of tobacco and maize promoted growth by enhancing nutrient uptake mediated by rhizosphere interaction
Authors: Dou Min , Zhao Peiyan , Xu Zhaoli , Yang Xiuhua , Ma Junmei , Liu Yating , Li Junying , Yin Honghui , Zhang Guozhong , Xu Zhuling , Nian Fuzhao , Deng Xiaopeng , Liu Di
Published: January 2025

Rational intercropping promotes crop growth, and maize is widely interplant in the field during the tobacco-curing period in Southwest China. However, the effects of rhizosphere interactions between the two crops and their mechanisms of nutrient uptake and utilization are not clearly understood. This study aimed to analyse the effects of sufficient rhizosphere interaction between tobacco and maize vegetative stage on nutrient absorption and utilization, and crop growth via a pot experiment. It integrated microbiomics with widely targeted metabolomics to explore the effects of soil microbial communities and rhizosphere metabolites using high-throughput sequencing and LC-MS/MS platforms. The results showed that crop intercropping significantly increased the biomass of tobacco plants, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation, and the accumulation of N in the aboveground parts (leaves and stems) and potassium (K) in both the aboveground and underground parts (roots) of maize, compared with monoculture. Additionally, intercropping with tobacco enhanced the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and available K, and the activities of sucrose, catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase in maize rhizosphere soil, as well as enhanced the pH value, available K content, and the activities of sucrose, catalase, and nitrate reductase in tobacco rhizosphere soil. Significant differences were observed in the composition and distribution of dominant microbial communities in crop rhizosphere soil between different planting patterns. In the intercropping system, the relative abundance of Arthrobacter, Subgroup_7, and Dactylellina in maize rhizosphere soil, as well as that of Gemmatimonas, Sphingobium, and Myrmecridium in tobacco rhizosphere soil were significantly increased. Moreover, the intercropping has also elevated the number of bacterial and fungal ASVs in the rhizosphere soil of both crops. The metabolites of choline alfoscerate and acetyl-L-carnitine showed translocation between the rhizospheres of tobacco and maize in the intercropping system. Differential metabolites in tobacco rhizosphere soil were significantly enriched in the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, whereas those in maize rhizosphere soil were enriched in pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, ABC transporters, flavonoid biosynthesis, and galactose metabolism. These findings suggested that the rhizosphere interaction between tobacco and maize vegetative stage enhanced soil N, P, and K nutrient availability through alterations microbial community and metabolite composition, thereby promoting crop growth.
A Cybersecurity-Centric Model for Predicting Electronic Health Records System Adoption for Sustainable Healthcare: A SEM-ANN Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammed , Al-Sharafi Mohammed A. , Albashrawi Mousa , Mahmoud Moamin A.
Published: January 2025

Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems are critical for achieving healthcare sustainability, offering benefits such as improving care of the patient, enhanced management of data, and operational efficiency. Despite these advantages, the adoption of EHR systems remains a challenge, influenced by various technological, organizational, and individual factors. This study builds upon the UTAUT2 framework by incorporating cybersecurity considerations to offer a more comprehensive understanding of EHR adoption and its role in promoting sustainable healthcare. Data were collected from 374 healthcare professionals through purposive sampling and analyzed using a hybrid approach combining Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The findings demonstrate that EHR use plays a key role in advancing healthcare sustainability by improving organizational efficiency and long-term resilience. Key factors influencing EHR adoption include confidentiality and possession/control, underscoring the importance of data privacy, security, and system ownership. Performance expectancy and social influence significantly impact adoption decisions, reflecting the role of usability, peer influence, and organizational dynamics. Additional factors such as integrity and facilitating conditions showed moderate importance, while hedonic motivation and availability were less critical. This study contributes to EHR adoption research by integrating cybersecurity and user experience factors, offering insights for healthcare organizations and policymakers. The findings highlight the need to prioritize data security and usability to enhance adoption. Future research could explore EHR adoption in diverse settings and examine evolving adoption dynamics.
Two novel genetic variants in WFDC2 gene from patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Kim Jeong-Min , Hwang Soojin , Cho Hye-Won , Kim Youngjun , Shin Dong Mun , Lee Eun , Kim Myungshin , Lee Cheonghwa , Kim Jong-Won , Park Hyun-Young , Lee Beom Hee , Park Mi-Hyun
Published: January 2025

Background
Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by irreversible dilation and damage of the bronchial walls, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and recurrent infections. Its etiology is diverse; however, genetic factors are critical in its congenital and severe forms. Therefore, we aimed to identify two novel variants of the WFDC2 gene, known as antiprotease, from patients with bronchiectasis and/or related phenotypes using trio-based whole-genome sequencing analysis.
Methods
Patients with bronchiectasis were recruited as trio or quad, and their genomic DNA was isolated. The whole genome sequence was produced and analyzed to find causative genetic variants through an internal pipeline using GATK-DARGEN-Hail. Variant interpretation and pathogenicity assessment using various in-silico tools were performed to identify causative variants. Clinical characteristics were collected from patients with identified variants.
Results
In the discovery study involving four patients from three families, two novel variants in the WFDC2 gene were identified and suggested as causative pathogenic variants for bronchiectasis. The first variant (c.291C > G, p.Cys97Trp) is a homozygous variant that was not found in the population genome data. However, the second variant (c.278G > C, p.Cys93Ser) was identified in another patient as a heterozygous variant, forming a compound heterozygous state with the first variant. Notably, both variants, located at cysteine residues that are conserved across many species, are crucial in forming disulfide bonds essential for protein structure and function. In-silico analyses classified both variants as pathogenic, and they were identified as likely pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomic guidelines. Furthermore, in an expansion study, the homozygous variant was also found in two unrelated patients.
Conclusion
We identified two novel bi-allelic variants located at cysteine residues in the WFDC2 gene from patients with bronchiectasis who had previously not received a genetic diagnosis. Therefore, considering prior research on the pivotal role of the WFDC2 protein in the respiratory system, these two novel variants may serve as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for bronchiectasis.
Lower Network Functional Connectivity Is Associated With Higher Regional Tau Burden Among Those At-Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease But Cognitively Unimpaired: Specific Patterns Based on Amyloid Status
Authors: Ford Jamie , Mohanty Rosaleena , Westman Eric , Middleton Lefkos
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and default mode network (DMN) changes across Alzheimer's disease stages, influenced by and influencing cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) and regional tau burden. Previous research highlights functional connectivity's role in Alzheimer’s disease progression and the interactions of cortical Aβ and functional connectivity within and between the MTL and DMN, but their impact on regional tau deposition remains largely unexplored.
Methods: Cognitively unimpaired participants from OASIS-3 (AV1451 cohort, n=287) were classified into Aβ- (n=193) and Aβ+ (n=94) groups via amyloid-PET for cross-sectional analyses. Principal components analysis of functional connectivity identified two MTL-functional connectivity and DMN-functional connectivity principal components (PCs), which were correlated with regional tau per Braak stages 1-6 brain regions. Aβ status-specific robust regressions evaluated whether functional connectivity was associated with tau.
Results: In Aβ- participants, lower “MTL Integration Axis” functional connectivity (PC1) was associated with higher tau levels in the left entorhinal cortex. In Aβ+ participants, lower “MTL Integration Axis” functional connectivity correlated with elevated tau levels in the DMN’s left lateral parietal cortex, MTL's right parahippocampal cortex, and Braak stages 3-6 brain regions.
Discussion: Decreased functional connectivity was associated with increased regional tau burden, showing Aβ status-specific effects. Enhancing MTL functional connectivity could be a therapeutic strategy and a promising direction for future clinical interventions.
Resilient Generation Planning Considering Low-RES Output
Authors: Stasinos Ektor-Ioannis , Panteli Mathaios , Hatziargyriou Nikos
Published: January 2025

The growing concerns over mitigating climate change effects resulted in power system planning and generation expansion strategies that aim in increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) to fulfil the national energy and climate plans (NECPs) of countries worldwide. However, the variable and intermittent nature of RES output, compounded by uncertainties arising from climatic and weather changes, poses significant challenges. These challenges necessitate careful consideration in generation planning and in determining the operational reserves of RES-rich power systems to ensure resilience. This paper employs a generation capacity operational planning method based on the Screening Curve Method (SCM), assuming various levels of large RES penetration and diverse spinning generation reserve policies, necessary to cope with various levels of RES generation deficits, to guarantee power system resilience. The proposed approach can be used to assess the overall reduction of capacity and decommissioning of thermal units, while ensuring resilient operation against various levels of annual RES generation deficits.
Interaction between microRNA-493-5p and CCL19 dictates migration, invasion and progression of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Meng Zhaoyuan , Li Guiyun , Li Fan , Ma Liju , Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Yu , Li Muye , Hu Xiong , Zhu Qianying , Zhao Juan , He Yongwen , Bian Li
Published: January 2025

The chemokine, CCL19 can promote lung cancer invasion and metastasis by binding to its receptor CCR7, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. We performed - miRNA microarray analysis to assess- miRNA expression in A549 cells treated with or without CCL19, and miR-493-5p was chosen for further study. Then, the role of miR-493-5p -in migration, invasion and EMT -were evaluated. miR-493-5p was significantly downregulated in A549 cells after CCL19 treatment. miR-493-5p -attenuated the downregulation of E-cadherin expression -after CCL19 treatment and -upregulated N-cadherin and Snail expression. Moreover, miR-493-5p overexpression -attenuated the effect of CCL19 on promoting migration and invasion as well as c-Met and Akt expression in A549 cells. miR-493-5p expression was downregulatedin lung cancer tissues, especially those from patients with lymph node or vascular metastasis. CCL19 can downregulate the expression of miR-493-5p and abolish the inhibitory effect of miR-493-5p on c-Met, which may activate the AKT signaling pathway, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and increase the migration and invasionof A549 cells.
Chronic Kidney Disease, Osteoporosis, and TNFRSF11A: Causal Insights and Therapeutic Implications Through Mendelian Randomization
Authors: An Jiaqi , He Qiaoya , Shi Jing-xuan , Liu Xin-ze , Jiao Yuan-yuan , Tian Jing-wei , Yang Yue , Lu Hai-tao , Zhuo Li
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and osteoporosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and drug-target MR, and to investigate the potential association between TNFRSF11A and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Methods
The study utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eGFR and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) identified by the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics Consortium, as well as SNPs related to TNFRSF11A as instrumental variables for the MR analysis. The primary method used was inverse-variance weighted (IVW) to assess the causal relationship between CKD and outcomes such as rehabilitation, osteoporosis, and bone mineral density (BMD). Data were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation (WME), and weighted mode were employed for result validation, and MR-PRESSO and Q tests were used to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
Results
In two-sample Mendelian randomization, IVW analysis showed a significant causal relationship between CKD and osteoporosis (OR = 1.022, 95% CI = 1.009–1.035, P < 0.001). MR-Egger regression further supported this finding (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.002–1.045, P = 0.034). Although UACR showed a suggestive impact on ankle bone density (P < 0.05), the results were not robust. No significant causal relationships were found between CKD and fracture risk, total BMD, forearm BMD, vertebral BMD, or hip neck BMD. Additionally, in drug-target Mendelian randomization, IVW analysis indicated that TNFRSF11A is a risk factor for eGFR (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.005–1.023, P < 0.005).
Conclusion
This study is the first to use Mendelian randomization to confirm a causal link between lower eGFR and osteoporosis, and identify TNFRSF11A as a risk factor for eGFR, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for CKD. However, evidence remains insufficient to establish a genetic link between CKD and fracture risk or BMD, requiring further research.
Association of fibrinogen/albumin ratio and Castelli risk index 2 (CI2 = LDL-C/HDL-C) with severity of coronary artery disease and carotid atherosclerosis in different glucose metabolism states
Authors: Liu Yue , Jin Xiandu , Jia Wenjun , Guan Xiuju , Wu Hao , Li Jiao , Cui Min , Zhang Hanmo , Wei Liping , Qi Xin
Published: January 2025

Background
The fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) is a novel inflammatory indicator correlating with the severity of coronary artery disease. An indicator of atherosclerosis is the Castelli Risk Index 2 (CI2 = LDL-C/HDL-C). Yet, little research has focused on the link between both of indicators and coronary artery disease (CAD) and carotid atherosclerotic lesions in distinct glucose metabolic states. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to look into the link involving these two indicators and atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary and carotid arteries in patients with CAD who were in distinct glucose metabolic states.
Method:
In this investigation, coronary angiography and carotid Doppler ultrasonography were performed about 2825 individuals suffering from symptomatic CAD at Tianjin Union Medical Center from 2016 to 2023.The number of stenotic arteries in the coronary arteries was counted. Both the Carotid intima-media thickness and the Gensini score were taken into account or computed. Normal glucose regulation (NGR), pre-diabetes mellitus (Pre-DM), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the three categories of glucose status according to the WHO diabetes guidelines. Patients were also divided into FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 quartiles to look into the link between FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 and coronary or carotid artery lesions in CAD patients with different glucose metabolic states. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to analyse the predictive value of the FAR index and Castelli risk index for coronary artery severity and carotid artery lesions.
Result
According to logistic regression analysis, the FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 were statistically associated with coronary artery disease and carotid plaques (P< 0.05). The FAR index was linked with CAD severity regardless of glucose metabolism states (P < 0.05). It was also substantially associated with carotid lesions in the NGR and Pre-DM stages (P < 0.05), but not in the DM state (P < 0.05). The Castelli risk index 2 was strongly linked with CAD severity and carotid artery lesions in both NGR and DM status (P< 0.05). Yet, there was no statistical significance in Pre-DM states. (P> 0.05). The FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 exhibited higher regions underneath the ROC curve in forecasting coronary artery lesions and carotid atherosclerosis.
Conclusion
The FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 were significantly associated with coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in different glucose metabolic states. FAR index and Castelli risk index 2 have predictive value for coronary artery lesions and carotid plaques.
HeBoots: A Novel Heuristic Bootstrapping Entity Alignment Model Based on Reasoning
Authors: Soltanshahi Mohammad Ali , Teimourpour Babak
Published: January 2025

Entity alignment models commonly rely on representation learning, with many also employing bootstrapping techniques to improve performance. In this paper, we present an innovative heuristic bootstrapping model designed to validate and enhance the results produced by conventional bootstrapping methods. Our approach leverages pseudo-anchor relationships between two graphs to strengthen alignment. Moreover, feature selection—a crucial yet often neglected aspect of graph alignment—is addressed in our model. We introduce a weighted feature mechanism that assigns greater significance to key features, ensuring more accurate alignment results. Additionally, we propose a novel dual margin-based loss function specifically designed for entity alignment tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that our model consistently surpasses state-of-the-art entity alignment methods on multiple benchmark datasets, delivering performance gains of 2–4%.
Identification of Hub Genes Involved in Early-onset Schizophrenia: From Genetic Susceptibility to Predicted Regulated Gene Expression
Authors: Jen Yawen , Yu Sung-Liang , Hsiao Po-Chang , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Liu Chih-Min , Liu Chen-Chung , Hwang Tzung-Jeng , Hsieh Ming H. , Chien Yi-Ling , Lin Yi-Ting , Huang Hailiang , Feng Yen-Chen Anne , Hsiao Chuhsing K. , Lin Yen-Feng , Faraone Stephen V. , Neale Benjamin , Glatt Stephen J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Hwu Hai-Gwo , Chen Wei J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Despite a high heritability of schizophrenia (SZ), only limited variance was attributed to gene loci or the polygenic risk score in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Early-onset SZ, a more homogeneous SZ subtype, may aid in bridging the genotype-phenotype gap and the identification of its hub genes is critical for early intervention in clinical practice. We aimed to examine the gene expression risk score (GeRS) in patients from both multiplex and simplex families to identify hub genes for early-onset SZ, and perform enrichment analysis to understand the biological functions of the hub genes.
METHODS
Based on the GWAS genotype data from patients with SZ in multiplex families (223 early-onset and 372 late-onset) and those from simplex families (matched for sex and onset age), GeRSs for SZ (SZ-GeRSs) were estimated using the SNP-expression prediction model derived from existing brain tissues of patients with psychiatric disorders. Module-based SZ-GeRS was summed over genes from empirically derived gene clusters, network analysis was conducted to identify hub genes, and enrichment analysis was used for functional mapping.
RESULTS
Among the 13 modules from existing coexpression analyses of postmortem brains of patients with psychiatric disorders, the meta-analysis revealed that associations with early-onset SZ existed for the GeRS of module 10 in subset, M10sub-GeRS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.22–1.57), and six hub genes, M10hub-GeRS (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07–1.39), after adjustment for covariates. Functional mapping of the genes revealed their enrichment in excitatory neurons and immune-regulatory pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
GeRS for SZ helps identify six hub genes for early-onset schizophrenia, and the enrichment analysis sheds light on their possible roles in the pathophysiology. These findings will enhance the understanding of SZ etiology and may contribute to early screening and personalized prevention efforts.
A Chronicle of Crises and Emergencies: (Dis-)continuity of care for Syrian Refugee Children with Neglected Non-communicable Diseases in Lebanon
Authors: Gilmour Molly , Bou-Orm Ibrahim R.
Published: January 2025

Lebanon’s recent history has been marked by intersecting crises, including a severe economic collapse, the Beirut port explosion, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Amidst this "polycrisis," the healthcare system has become increasingly reliant on international humanitarian assistance. This paper examines how these overlapping crises have affected the provision of care for children with thalassemia, a neglected non-communicable disease (NCD), within a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) paediatric unit operating in Lebanon between 2018 and 2023. Drawing on a single-case study design, the research explores the dynamics of power between state and non-state actors and within international humanitarian organizations and their approaches to healthcare delivery. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including audio diaries, interviews, document analysis, and co-development groups involving 11 staff members and 18 caregivers of Syrian paediatric patients. Participants shared insights into operational challenges, decision-making processes, and the lived experiences of navigating Lebanon’s collapsing health system. Findings reveal three interconnected issues: (1) the polycrises created an unsustainable environment even for resource-rich international non-governmental organizations (iNGOs); (2) the withdrawal of humanitarian services exacerbated the suffering of structurally marginalized Syrian families reliant on no-cost thalassemia treatment; and (3) national staff experienced profound professional and personal challenges as they sought to reconcile iNGO decision-making with patients' needs, often leading to burnout and reduced well-being. The study underscores the need for a paradigm shift in the relationship between international humanitarian organizations and local health authorities. Greater equity in decision-making, grounded in shared values, is essential to recalibrate the humanitarian healthcare model. This reorientation should prioritize not only operational costs but also the population-level and individual value of healthcare, particularly for vulnerable groups. In Lebanon, a reimagined model of care is critical for addressing structural inequities and mitigating the fragility of humanitarian healthcare amidst enduring crises.
Eliminating or decreasing matrix effect in skin moisturizers employing a magnetic adsorbent in the analysis of primary aliphatic amines
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Mehri Sina Mohammad , Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar
Published: January 2025

In this study, a combining method using dispersive micro solid phase extraction and vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction was presented for the first time as a pioneering methodology capable of concurrently cleaning up and derivatizing/ extracting existing primary aliphatic amines in aqueous solutions after eliminating or decreasing matrix effect posed by skin moisturizers. A magnetic adsorbent (iron oxide modified by mercapto acetic acid, MAA@Fe3O4) has been employed to facilitate the matrix removal. To corroborate the authenticity of the synthesized adsorbent, various identification methods were employed, including X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry analyses. All effective parameters were optimized in passivation of the adsorbent for the analytes and their concurrent derivatization and extraction. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was utilized to identify and quantify the derivatives of amines. Eco-friendly characteristics, short extraction duration, high matrix removal efficiency, high unadsorbed percentage of amines by the adsorbent, simplicity, high precision, lack of requirement for specialized equipment, adsorbent reusability up to five cycles, exceptional proficiency in the extraction and derivatization of amines, and a comprehensive or relative superiority in analytical parameters, including extraction recovery, enrichment factor, relative standard deviation, coefficient of determination, limit of quantification and detection, and relative recovery, underscoring the merits and advantages of the proposed method.
Music Therapy modulates Craving, Inhibitory Control, and Emotional Regulation: EEG, Psychometric, and Qualitative Findings from a Pilot RCT in a Community Outpatient Service
Authors: Pasqualitto Filippo , Maidhof Clemens , Murtagh Daniel , Silva Devon , Fernie Paul , Panin Francesca , Michell Andrew , Fachner Jörg
Published: January 2025

Background. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to be effective for multiple clinical endpoints in clients with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). However, a gap remains in understanding the impact of MT interventions in community services, primarily due to the lack of studies that combine neural measures (e.g., EEG), psychometric tests, and semi-structured interviews.
Methods. This pilot study is a three-arm, non-blinded, mixed-methods randomized trial. Sixteen participants with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) were recruited from a community service in London. Ten of these participants received six weekly group or individual music therapy (MT) sessions in addition to the standard treatment (ST) provided by the community outpatient service. The remaining six participants received only the ST.
Pre-/post-intervention as well as in-session measures have been collected utilizing EEG in addition to psychometric tests and semi-structured interviews addressing craving, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, inhibitory cognitive control, and participants’ perceptions on the music-therapeutic process. An intention-to-treat approach was employed.
Results. Fourteen participants completed the study. Results showed (1) lower beta frequency band related to craving arousal post-MT intervention as compared to ST; (2) lower subjective evaluation of craving intensity after MT sessions; (3) different impact of MT and ST on frontal alpha asymmetry related to affective processing; (4) enhanced neural mechanisms (i.e., P3d in a Go/NoGo task) related to sensorimotor response inhibition following MT; (5) qualitative themes reflecting absence of craving, reluctance towards craving discussions, narratives on experiences, emotions, and the therapeutic process.
Conclusions. MT might facilitate lower post-intervention arousal related to craving as compared to ST. While this effect is evident at the neural level, the conscious perception of the decrease emerges only after MT sessions and not after the entire intervention. The differential brain asymmetry may represent higher emotional regulation and introspection associated with MT compared to ST. MT may facilitate neuromodulation that boosts inhibitory cognitive control functions. Themes emerging from semi-structured interviews highlight the transformative potential of MT in alleviating craving and stimulating reflection. Findings from this pilot study are promising but further research through a larger clinical trial is necessary to confirm and expand upon this pilot.
Trial registration.NCT05180617.
Efficacy Evaluation of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Children with Advanced Bone Age
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Jingpin , Hou Xiaona , Zhang Xiaojun , Chen Jing , Fu Xingjiao , Wu Yi
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore the treatment effect of recombinant human growth hormone in children advanced bone age, and to provide evidence for its clinical application.
Methods: A total of 25 children with advanced bone age who visited the Children's Hospital in Hebei Province from 2021 to 2024 were selected. Among them, there were 8 cases of idiopathic short stature (ISS) and 7 cases of growth retardation. There were 15 males and 10 females. All patients received recombinant human growth hormone treatment at a dose of 0.17 - 0.18 U/kg.d. The treatment duration was determined based on the treatment effect, economic condition, tolerance to injections, and satisfaction with height, ranging from 3 months to 14 months. The changes before and after treatment were observed, and the efficacy was evaluated. The effective rate was 96%. The changes in blood routine, thyroid function, liver and kidney functions, glucose metabolism indicators (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin), IGF-1, and BP3 were monitored.
Results:The height was significantly improved compared with that before treatment. Before treatment, the patients' height was at -1.63 ± 0.66SD, and after treatment, the final height was at -1.18±0.67SD, with a statistically significant difference. The height growth rate in the first three months of treatment was significantly faster than the growth rate from 3 to 6 months, with a statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference in the treatment effect between males and females at 3 and 6 months. After 3 months of treatment, the FT4 indicator was significantly lower than before treatment, with a statistically significant difference. There was an upward trend in insulin and blood glucose after treatment, but without a statistically significant difference. There was no significant change in glycated hemoglobin before and after treatment. IGF-1 was significantly higher at 6 months and 3 months after treatment than before treatment, and was higher at 6 months than at 3 months, all with statistically significant differences. BP-3 increased at 3 months compared to before treatment, and at 6 months compared to 3 months, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, it was significantly higher at 6 months compared to before treatment, with a statistically significant difference. Total bile acids were significantly higher at 6 months compared to before treatment and at 3 months, with a statistically significant difference. White blood cells were significantly higher at 3 months compared to before treatment, with a statistically significant difference.
Conclusion:Recombinant human growth hormone is effective in treating children with advanced bone age, with significant growth in the first three months of treatment.
A Lyophilizable LNP Vaccine Enables STING-Reinforced Postoperational Adjuvant Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Yi , Guo Jiaxin , Qi Jialong , Deng Wenxia , Hu Jialin , Hasan Muhammad Waqqas , Deng Fei , Zhou You , Song Zhengji , Deng Wei , Chen Wenjie
Published: January 2025

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (iCBT) has revolutionized cancer treatment, however, there is a low response rate, especially in treating postsurgical reoccurring tumors. Vaccine based immunotherapy can sensitize iCBT, but its development was largely hindered by inefficient delivery and high requirements of storage. In this study, the vaccine loaded with immunostimulant was employed to improve iCBT-based adjuvant postsurgical therapy. A lyophilized, antigen E7 peptide and manganese ion (Mn2+) co-delivered tumor vaccine was developed based on lipid nanoparticles (EM@LNP). The vaccination efficacy was examined in both prophylactic and therapeutic schemes in murine subcutaneous models, the synergetic effect of vaccination combined with anti-PD-1 therapy was further investigated in post-operative tumor model. EM@LNP vaccination elicited effective CD8+T cell response through modulating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and conferring immune memory, demonstrating potent immunization in both preventive and therapeutic schemes. What’s more, EM@LNP vaccination orchestrated with iCBT, efficiently repressing tumor recurrence. Further mechanism studies using inhibitor for cells invitro and the investigation using STING−/− mice confirmed that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway activated by Mn2+ is indispensable for LNP vaccination and the coordination with iCBT-based adjuvant immunotherapy. In summary, this study shows a lyophilized LNP vaccine could significantly amplify iCBT efficiency, providing a translational strategy of adjuvant immunotherapy for treating postsurgical tumor recurrence.
Gender Differences in Cannabis as a Mediator Between Distress Factors and Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviors
Authors: Nayeem Nawar , Bello-Kottenstette Jennifer , Messias Erick , Lin Ping-I D.
Published: January 2025

Emerging evidence suggests gender-based heterogeneity in suicide risk associated with cannabis use, while the role of cannabis in gender-dependent suicide risk is elusive. The objective of the present study is to determine whether cannabis use contributes differently to the pathway from depression or pain conditions to non-fatal suicidal behaviors (e.g., suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts) in men versus women. We analyzed the data was extracted from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2020–2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating role of cannabis in the association between depression, pain conditions, and suicide ideation/plan/attempt in two gender groups. A sample of 93,743 individuals aged 18–50 years who participated in the NSDUH survey. Mediation analysis revealed that cannabis use accounted for a greater proportion of the effect of depression on suicidal ideation or attempts in women (mediation fraction: 2.3% for ideation) compared to men (1.2% for ideation). Similarly, cannabis mediated 12.5% (95% CI: 0.081–0.272) of the effect of pain conditions on suicidal ideation in women, versus 5.9% (95% CI: 0.038–0.128) in men. These findings suggest that cannabis plays a more substantial role in non-fatal suicidal behaviors for women than men, particularly in the context of depression and pain conditions. Tailored interventions addressing cannabis use as a self-medication strategy, especially for women, are critical for suicide prevention.
Optimizing Intellectual Capital And Msme Credit To Enhance Rural Bank Performance: Evidence From Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Iwan Eka , Ermaini  , Winarni Etik , Yacob Syahmardi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of Intellectual Capital and MSME credit on the performance of rural banks in Jambi Province, Indonesia, focusing on how these factors drive business growth. Using Panel Data Regression analysis, the research applies three models—the Pooled Least Square (PLS), Common Effect Model (CEM), and Random Effect Model (REM)—to analyze data from rural banks. Results reveal that both Intellectual Capital and MSME credit significantly influence rural bank performance, both individually and collectively. Specifically, Intellectual Capital fosters operational improvements by enhancing the capabilities and professionalism of human resources, while MSME credit supports business growth within these institutions.This study focuses solely on rural banks in Jambi Province, which may limit the applicability of findings to other regions or types of banks. Additionally, the use of cross-sectional data restricts causal inferences. Future research could expand geographically and utilize longitudinal data to explore trends over time.The findings highlight the need for rural banks to invest in human resource development and strategically allocate MSME credit to enhance competitiveness. Policymakers and bank management can leverage these insights to strengthen rural banking performance.By emphasizing the role of rural banks in supporting MSMEs, this study underscores the positive socioeconomic impact of improving credit access in rural communities. Strengthening rural banks can foster local entrepreneurship, reduce financial exclusion, and stimulate regional economic development. This study offers new insights into the combined influence of Intellectual Capital and MSME credit on rural bank performance in Indonesia, particularly in Jambi Province. It is one of the first studies to explore these factors in the context of rural banking, contributing valuable knowledge to the field.
Efficient Modeling of Stationary Interval Processes with Spline and Convolution-based Kernels
Authors: Li Chen , Wu Feng , Yang Yuxiang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Wei Xindi , Zhu Li , Yan Jun
Published: January 2025

Practical engineering dynamical analyses suffer from time-variant epistemic uncertainty variables. Precise description of time-variant epistemic uncertainties with only limited samples is a challenge to the safe and reliable assessment of engineering structures. Based on the interval process theory, a systematic study on the modeling of time-variant uncertainty quantities with stationary characteristics under the condition of limited samples is conducted. Firstly, by combining the B-spline function with the convolution theory, a novel spline and convolution-based kernel (SCK) method is developed for constructing general stationary covariance functions. Then, by combining the SCK method, stationary characteristics and the nonlinear elimination method, two unconstrained optimization formulations for modeling stationary interval processes are finally established. These two methods can respectively obtain ellipsoids with the minimum volume and the minimum radius that can enclose the time-variant uncertainty samples, thus realizing the efficient modeling of stationary interval processes. Through two numerical examples and two engineering examples, the high efficiency and accuracy of the two proposed SCK-based stationary interval process modeling methods are demonstrated.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Among Somali Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Said , Abdulahi Mohamoud , said Abdirahman Ibrahim , Boqore Muna
Published: January 2025

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is crucial for infant health, yet its practice remains suboptimal in many settings, including Somalia. This scoping review aimed to map the available literature on EBF practices among children in Somalia, identifying key factors and barriers.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Portal Garuda for studies on EBF in Somalia. A structured approach was used to screen, assess eligibility, and extract data from 10 relevant articles. The data was then synthesized using a narrative approach to identify key themes.
Results: The reviewed studies, conducted across various regions of Somalia, revealed wide variations in EBF rates, ranging from 5.2% to 68%. The factors associated with higher EBF rates included maternal education, antenatal care attendance, and social support. Barriers to EBF included low socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, and perceptions of insufficient milk. The lack of Scopus indexing in some of the included journals was noted, but the studies were retained to capture the diversity of data in this area.
Conclusion: This scoping review highlights the complex interplay of factors affecting EBF in Somalia. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive and context-specific interventions that address maternal education, healthcare access, and social support networks to improve EBF rates in Somalia.
Evaluation of the Uncertainty in the Measurement of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: N. Geraldes Adriana , A. Hortellani Marcos , C. M. Rostelato Maria Elisa , E. S. Sarkis Jorge
Published: January 2025

Single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) is a powerful
technique that enables the simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and the quantification
of metal-containing nanoparticles at real concentrations. These measurements are critical for
understanding the potential uses of nanoparticles in various fields. However, sp-ICP-MS is not
yet considered a mature methodology. Standardization is necessary, particularly in assessing
the reliability of size distribution measurements. This study aims to standardize sp-ICP-MS by
assessing the reliability of size distribution measurements for polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver
nanoparticles and quantifying the input quantities contributing to uncertainties. The uncertainties
in calibration, repeatability, and trueness were evaluated based on the thresholds defined by
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. Calibration uncertainty was found
to be 8.1%, while repeatability was 0.04%, both within the stipulated range of less than 10%.
The expanded uncertainty was calculated to be 17%, with a 95% coverage probability for the
reference material. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for dissolved concentration,
particles per mL, and size were determined to be 0.37 µg L–1, 97.5 particles mL–1, and 24.6 nm,
respectively. These results demonstrate that the reliability and repeatability of sp-ICP-MS meet
ISO-defined thresholds, suggesting that with further standardization, sp-ICP-MS could become a
reliable methodology for nanoparticle analysis.
Putting Yourself on the Line: The Harms of Competition
Authors: Drissen Yvette , Engelen Bart
Published: January 2025

Competition is a key element in the design of social institutions in contemporary liberal democracies. Competitive procedures for jobs, grants and university admissions can be considered ‘substantially engulfing’ since they provide access to important goods that everyone has reasons to want, such as financial security, the social bases of self-respect and education. While competition can have beneficial outcomes and can be a fair way of selecting meritorious candidates, this paper aims to identify the distinctive moral problems it raises by developing what we call a ‘Harm Account’ of competition. We argue that substantially engulfing competitions predictably lead to three types of harm: (1) substantial psychological and emotional costs; (2) substantial opportunity costs; and (3) estrangement. These harms provide strong pro tanto reasons against organizing substantially engulfing competitions for important goods. The weight of these reasons depends on the stakes and scope of the competition at hand.
Life’s Journeys: MacIntyre’s Idea of Life as Enacted Narrative
Authors: Mela Lia
Published: January 2025

The starting point for this work is MacIntyre’s idea of life as an enacted narrative. MacIntyre introduces the idea of narrative in After Virtue, as part of his theory of virtue, after the concept of practice and before the concept of tradition. The representation of human life in narrative terms brings to the fore the longstanding relationship between philosophy and literature. In the following text I will try to examine the concept of the narrative structure of human life as it was first presented in After Virtue and demonstrate its continuity in MacIntyre’s later work. In this context, I will attempt, first, to examine whether MacIntyre’s idea of narrative can provide a basis for the unity of human life and action and, second, to identify its main differences from theories that emphasize fragmentation and see life as a series of disconnected events and interpretations challenging the notions of coherence and unity.