bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animosity and Switching Intention: Moderating Factors in the Decision Making of Chinese Ethnic Diners
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyeong
Published: July 2018

In this context of the recent political dispute between China and South Korea, this study examines the influence of the animosity of Chinese ethnic diners. By extending cognitive appraisal theory, this study develops an animosity model that links animosity beliefs, negative emotions, switching intentions, and the moderators of localization and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. The results show that animosity beliefs significantly affect switching intention both directly and indirectly through negative emotion. We also find that ethnic restaurants’ localization practices and CSR practices to support the local community alleviate the animosity effect on negative emotions associated with dining in an ethnic restaurant that has the cultural theme of the offending country. The results allow ethnic restaurateurs to gain insights into how to develop effective marketing strategies during crisis periods when animosity erupts against the country of origin of their ethnic cuisine.
Voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging for the detection of cytotoxic oedema in brain imaging: a pilot study
Authors: Seith Ferdinand , Schmidt Holger , Nikolaou Konstantin , Ernemann Ulrike , Bier Georg
Published: July 2018

Aim

To evaluate voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging (vcDWI) for the detection of cytotoxic oedema in brain imaging and to quantify the benefit of lesion contrast in comparison to standard b = 1000 s/mm2 by the example of acute ischaemic stroke.

Materials and methods

A retrospective evaluation of 66 patients (63 ± 15.9 years) suspected for acute ischaemic stroke who received diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence. A neuroradiologist evaluated all examinations for acute ischaemic stroke based on diffusion-weighted imaging, the apparent diffusion coefficient and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (reference standard) and 6 weeks later the vcDWI in a randomised manner. Time of analysis was noted. Signal intensities were acquired in lesions, in healthy tissue as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid. Contrast ratios and coefficients of variation were computed.

Results

A total of 218 lesions was found in 46/66 patients. vcDWI identified all patients and lesions correctly. The median evaluation time was 36 seconds (4–126 s) for the vcDWI and 44 seconds (9–186 s; P < 0.001) for the diffusion-weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient reading. The contrast ratio in vcDWI (mean value 2.57, range 1.73–4.11) was higher than in b = 1000 s/mm2 (2.33, 0.83–3.85, P = 0.03) and the apparent diffusion coefficient map (1.83, 1.00–3.00, P < 0.001), respectively. Coefficients of variation in lesions and tissue did not differ significantly between vcDWI and b = 1000 s/mm2 ( P = 0.81/ P = 0.26). The signal intensity of cerebrospinal fluid was lower in vcDWI than in b = 1000 mm2/s (0.08 and 34.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

It could be shown that vcDWI has the potential to accelerate the detection of diffusion-restricted lesions in neuroimaging by improving the contrast ratios and reducing the T2 shine-through effect in comparison to standard diffusion-weighted imaging in brain imaging.
Trends in age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Western Australia
Authors: Sarink Danja , Nedkoff Lee , Briffa Tom , Shaw Jonathan E , Magliano Dianna J , Stevenson Christopher , Mannan Haider , Knuiman Matthew , Hung Joseph , Hankey Graeme J , Norman Paul , Peeters Anna
Published: July 2018

Background

Temporal trends in incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well described, with recent data suggesting declining improvements in those aged under 55 years. However, little is known about the combined impact of incidence and mortality trends on disease prevalence, an important indicator of disease burden and cost. We analysed changes in age-specific and age-standardised temporal trends in prevalence and incidence of CVD subtypes.

Methods

Annual prevalence and incidence rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease for the Western Australian population for 1995–2010 were calculated using data from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to identify joinpoints in trends in age-specific and age-standardised annual prevalence and incidence rates for each CVD subtype.

Results

Between 1995 and 2010, age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence of the CVD subtypes generally decreased among middle-aged and older adults, but were stable or increased among younger adults. In < 55 year olds, increases in incidence tended to occur from 2003, while increases in prevalence were from 2007/2008. Declines in age-standardised incidence were greater than those in crude incidence, with changes in population structure having a greater impact among men than women.

Conclusions

The majority of CVDs occurs in older adults. Our findings of generally worsening trends in prevalence in younger adults across most CVD subtypes were in contrast to generally declining trends in older age groups. These data highlight the importance of monitoring prevalence and incidence, particularly in younger adults.
The risk association of plasma total homocysteine with acute myocardial infarction is modified by serum vitamin A
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Vinknes Kathrine J , Svingen Gard FT , Pedersen Eva R , Dhar Indu , Tell Grethe S , Blomhoff Rune , Ueland Per M , Midttun Øivind , Refsum Helga , Nygård Ottar K
Published: July 2018

Background

Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Vitamin A (Vit-A) is involved in homocysteine metabolism and we therefore explored the potential interaction between plasma tHcy and serum Vit-A in relation to incident acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the prospective relationships between tHcy and acute myocardial infarction in 2205 patients from Western Norway undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris. Results are reported as hazard ratio per standard deviation increase in log-transformed tHcy. An interaction term for tHcy × Vit-A was added to multivariate models including age, sex, smoking, apolipoprotein B fasting, statin and aspirin prescription and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results

Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) age of the participants (64.3% men) was 62.3 (1.24) years. Plasma tHcy was higher among participants in the upper versus lower Vit-A tertile. During 7 (2.4) years of follow-up, 15.1% suffered an AMI. A significant association of plasma tHcy with AMI in the total study population was observed. When we stratified the population according to Vit-A tertiles, plasma tHcy was associated with acute myocardial infarction only in the upper Vit-A tertile (hazard ratio per SD: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.53, pinteraction = 0.03).

Conclusions

The risk relationship between plasma tHcy and acute myocardial infarction was modified by serum concentrations of Vit-A in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. This finding may clarify the relationship between tHcy and cardiovascular disease.
High prevalence and indexes of anti-John Cunningham virus antibodies in a cohort of Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lau Alexander , Qiu Wei , Kermode Allan , Au Cheryl , Ng Angel , Wong Adrian , Ma Sze-Ho , Au Lisa , Ma Karen , Ip Bonaventure , Mok Vincent
Published: July 2018

We performed a cross-sectional study in 123 Chinese multiple sclerosis patients residing in Hong Kong to evaluate their anti-John Cunningham virus status using STRATIFY JCV DxSelect assays. Anti-John Cunningham virus antibody was present in 98/123 (80%) subjects, among which 75/98 (77%) had an anti-John Cunningham virus index ≥1.5. Anti-John Cunningham virus antibody seropositivity was not correlated with age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, types of multiple sclerosis (relapsing vs progressive), or disease-modifying treatments used. We found a very high seroprevalence and index of anti-John Cunningham virus antibodies in Chinese multiple sclerosis patients, which may impact the risk assessment and recommendation of disease-modifying treatments in this population.
Digital Constitutionalism: Using the Rule of Law to Evaluate the Legitimacy of Governance by Platforms
Authors: Suzor Nicolas
Published: July 2018

Platforms govern users, and the way that platforms govern matters. In this article, I propose that the legitimacy of governance of users by platforms should be evaluated against the values of the rule of law. In particular, I suggest that we should care deeply about the extent to which private governance is consensual, transparent, equally applied and relatively stable, and fairly enforced. These are the core values of good governance, but are alien to the systems of contract law that currently underpin relationships between platforms and their users. Through an analysis of the contractual Terms of Service of 14 major social media platforms, I show how these values can be applied to evaluate governance, and how poorly platforms perform on these criteria. I argue that the values of the rule of law provide a language to name and work through contested concerns about the relationship between platforms and their users. This is an increasingly urgent task. Finding a way to apply these values to articulate a set of desirable restraints on the exercise of power in the digital age is the key challenge and opportunity of the project of digital constitutionalism.
Linguistic Complexity Analysis: A Case Study of Commonly-Used Textbooks in Vietnam
Authors: To Vinh
Published: July 2018

Adopting systemic functional linguistics (hereafter SFL) as the main theoretical framework, this study as part of a larger research project, aimed to examine how the language of textbooks deployed in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in the Vietnamese context shifted across levels in a book series. In order to do this, this research analyzed three linguistic features namely, lexical density, nominalization, and grammatical metaphor of 24 reading texts in the chosen textbooks. The findings show that overall textbook texts grew complex when their levels advanced. In specific, mean scores of nominalization and grammatical metaphor increased in accordance with the textbook levels from elementary to intermediate, leading to high density in chosen written texts. Nevertheless, the mean scores of the three selected language features in the upper mediate textbook were not the highest among the four books. This finding suggests that in selecting EFL textbooks, educators not only look at textbook levels proposed by textbook writers but also examine its linguistic features to determine most appropriate choice.
Proximal Adductor Avulsion Injuries: Outcomes of Surgical Reattachment in Athletes
Authors: Bharam Srino , Feghhi Daniel P. , Porter David A. , Bhagat Priyal V.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Sports-related groin injuries are common among athletes. However, traumatic proximal adductor avulsion injuries are relatively rare groin injuries in the athletic population, with limited case reports describing suture anchor repair.

Purpose:

To report on the outcomes of surgical reattachment of proximal adductor avulsion injuries in athletes utilizing a suture anchor repair technique.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Prospective data were collected on patients undergoing surgical reattachment of proximal adductor avulsion injuries from December 2012 to May 2015 by a single surgeon. Six athletes presented after a traumatic sports-related injury with disabling groin pain, adductor weakness, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of fibrocartilage avulsion of the proximal adductor with retraction. Patient-reported outcomes (Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living [HOS-ADL] and Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific [SS] subscales, modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS], and visual analog scale [VAS] for pain) were collected preoperatively and at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Results:

The latest follow-up of each patient averaged 33.4 months postoperatively (range, 25-42.5 months). All patients returned to sporting activities, with 1 minor wound complication that resolved. Paired-samples t tests indicated that the mean latest postoperative scores for all patients were significantly better than their mean preoperative scores (HOS-ADL: 99.0 vs 43.2, HOS-SS: 98.9 vs 8.3, and mHHS: 97.1 vs 44.6, respectively; P < .001 for all). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in mean postoperative VAS scores for all patients (from 89.2 to 2.2; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Patient-reported outcomes offer an objective measure of hip function and pain control. Surgical reattachment utilizing a multiple suture anchor technique is a successful procedure that allows for a safe return to athletic performance and a predictable return to sport.
Activity Engagement and Cognitive Function: Findings From a Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Aging Population Study
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Chi Iris , Zhang Wei , Dong XinQi
Published: July 2018

This cross-sectional study aims to examine the associations between engagement in cognitive, social, and religious activity and cognitive function (i.e., global cognition, cognitive performance, episodic memory, working memory, and executive function) and to explore the moderation effect of acculturation on the associations. Data were drawn from the Population-Based Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) Wave I. Multivariate regression analyses showed that participation in more cognitive and social activities were associated with better cognitive function indicated by all five measures. Also, more frequent attendance in religious services is related to better working memory only. Compared with those more acculturated peers, the less acculturated community-dwelling Chinese older adults benefited more from high levels of activity engagement, especially in global cognition, cognitive performance, and episodic memory. Findings illustrate the importance of increasing older adults’ exposure to cognitively stimulating and socially integrated activities or environments, which may help to preserve the cognitive function of older adults.
Neighborhood Disorder Is Associated With Greater Risk for Self-Neglect Among Chinese American Older Adults: Findings From PINE Study
Authors: Hei Ailian , Dong XinQi
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study aims to examine the association between neighborhood disorder with self-neglect among a community-dwelling Chinese American older population. Method: Data were extracted from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), a cross-sectional study of 3,157 participants living in the greater Chicago area. Self-neglect was assessed with systematic observations of participants’ personal and home environment. Neighborhood disorder was measured through eight questions. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between neighborhood disorder and self-neglect. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, every one point higher in neighborhood disorder score was significantly associated with greater risk for overall self-neglect (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, [1.11, 1.16]), mild self-neglect (OR = 1.14, [1.11, 1.17]), and moderate/severe self-neglect (OR = 1.12, [1.09, 1.16]). Regarding the phenotypes of self-neglect, every one point higher in neighborhood disorder score was significantly associated with greater risk for hoarding (OR = 1.17, [1.14, 1.20]), personal hygiene (OR = 1.15, [1.12, 1.19]), house in need of repair (OR = 1.12, [1.10, 1.15]), unsanitary conditions (OR = 1.12, [1.09, 1.15]), and inadequate utilities (OR = 1.10, [1.05, 1.15]). Discussion: This study underscores the significant association between disordered neighborhood and greater risk of self-neglect among Chinese American older adults. Improving neighborhood disorder problems could benefit for elder self-neglect prevention.
Support From Migrant Children and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Adults in Transnational Families
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Guo Man , Mao Weiyu , Xu Ling , Huang Xiaoning , Chi Iris
Published: July 2018

International migration creates important consequences both for migrants and the family members they leave behind. Prior research has noted not only the adverse effects of children’s migration on parents’ mental health but also the fact that family ties and closeness can persist because of supportive exchange despite geographical distances. This study examined the associations between economic and emotional support from migrant children living abroad and depressive symptoms among Chinese elders in transnational families and whether such associations were moderated by the elders’ physical health status and the presence of children remaining in China. The data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of 293 older Chinese in transnational families in Beijing, China. The results of linear regression show that more emotional support from migrant children was associated with lower depressive symptoms among these elders. The association between emotional support and depressive symptoms was stronger among the elders who did not have children remaining in China and who had functional limitations. The findings suggest that maintaining emotionally supportive relationships with their migrant children abroad may help to prevent depressive symptoms among these elders, especially among the older adults who have functional limitations and who have no children remaining in the home country.
Associations Between Acculturation and Oral Health Among Older Chinese Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Ge Shaoqing , Wu Bei , Dong XinQi
Published: July 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to understand the associations between acculturation and oral health among older Chinese immigrants in the United States. Method: We used data from the PINE study, which included the foreign-born older Chinese immigrants ( N = 3,128). We measured acculturation by measuring participants’ length of stay and behavioral acculturation. Participants’ tooth and gum symptoms were the outcome variables. Results: Longer stay in the United States was significantly associated with fewer gum symptoms but not with tooth symptoms. Behavioral acculturation was not significantly associated with either tooth or gum symptoms. The middle tertile of behavioral acculturation, compared with its upper and lower tertiles, deemed to be a more significant risk factor of tooth/gum symptoms. In addition, older immigrants with more social interactions with the Americans were more likely to have tooth symptoms. Discussion: In the future, we will conduct a study using longitudinal data to help us better understand the relationship between acculturation and oral health in Chinese American population.
Association Between Cancer and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in U.S. Chinese Women: Findings From the PINE Study
Authors: Dong XinQi , Jiang Jialing
Published: July 2018

Objective: To examine U.S. Chinese older women and the association between their cancer screening behaviors and self-reported cancers with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) use across sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Through the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE), 1,830 Chinese older women self-reported history of cancer screening, presence of women’s cancers, and TCM use according to type. Analyses were performed using multivariate regression models. Results: Chinese older women who underwent breast cancer screening are more likely to use herbal TCM (rate ratio [RR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.29]), acupuncture (RR = 1.62, CI = [1.21, 2.15]), massage therapy (RR = 2.05, CI = [1.46, 2.88]), and tai chi (RR = 1.86, CI = [1.28, 2.69]). Those who had cervical cancer screening are more likely to use herbal TCM (RR = 1.32, CI = [1.17, 1.48]), acupuncture (RR = 1.66, CI = [1.27, 2.18]), massage therapy (RR = 1.61, CI = [1.17, 2.21]), tai chi (RR = 1.69, CI = [1.19, 2.40]), and other forms of TCM (RR = 1.36, CI = [1.04, 1.79]). Those with cervical cancer are less likely to use herbal TCM (RR = 0.42, CI = [0.19, 0.93]). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, our results suggest that U.S. Chinese older women who have engaged in cancer screening use TCM while those with self-reported cancer did not use TCM at a higher rate. This warrants further research on TCM utilization to identify reasons of use in this population and encourage patient-centered care.
International development ideology and two tourism policies of Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Kalyan
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the role of development discourse in Nepal’s tourism policy. In Nepal, tourism is an important part of development activity that is driven by international development partners. Since the ideology that drives the international agencies has undergone a huge transformation in the last 25 years, it would be useful to see how such changes are reflected in the tourism public policy of Nepal. Data include analysis of two tourism policies, other documentary sources and interviews with eminent tourism experts to compare the two tourism policies when international development ‘thinking’ was different. The findings show that seemingly ‘tourism’ policies are the outcome of domestic political contexts that they are not outwith the scope of international development ideology advanced by development partners. The paper makes a useful contribution to understanding the role of international development ideology in the tourism policy-making of a developing country.
Using semantic clustering to support situation awareness on Twitter: the case of world views
Authors: Kingston Charlie , Nurse Jason R. C. , Agrafiotis Ioannis , Milich Andrew Burke
Published: July 2018

In recent years, situation awareness has been recognised as a critical part of effective decision making, in particular for crisis management. One way to extract value and allow for better situation awareness is to develop a system capable of analysing a dataset of multiple posts, and clustering consistent posts into different views or stories (or, ‘world views’). However, this can be challenging as it requires anunderstandingof the data, including determining what is consistent data, and what data corroborates other data. Attempting to address these problems, this article proposesSubject-Verb-Object Semantic Suffix Tree Clustering(SVOSSTC) and a system to support it, with a special focus on Twitter content. The novelty and value of SVOSSTC is its emphasis on utilising the Subject–Verb–Object typology in order to construct semantically consistent world views, in which individuals—particularly those involved in crisis response—might achieve an enhanced picture of a situation from social media data. To evaluate our system and its ability to provide enhanced situation awareness, we tested it against existing approaches, including human data analysis, using a variety of real-world scenarios. The results indicated a noteworthy degree of evidence (e.g., in cluster granularity and meaningfulness) to affirm the suitability and rigour of our approach. Moreover, these results highlight this article’s proposals as innovative and practical system contributions to the research field.
Neisseria Gonorrhoae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among symptomatic patients from Gondar town, north West Ethiopia
Authors: Yeshanew Addisu Gize , Geremew Rozina Ambachew
Published: July 2018

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, is a Gram negative, coffee-bean shaped facultative intracellular diplococcus bacterium, the classical sexually transmitted bacteria. Nowadays, N. gonorrhoeae has developed high-level resistance to all traditional antimicrobials used for the treatment of gonorrhoea and makes the treatment complicated. So, the aim of this study was to determine magnitude and antimicrobial resistance patterns of N. gonorrhoeae.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted between April and August 2016 among STI clinic clients in Gondar town hospitals and health centers. Urethral swab and cervical swab specimens were inoculated to Thayer Martin media (OXOID, UK) plates. Observation of Gram-negative intracellular diplococcic was a presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal infection. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by using a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, with results indicating susceptible, intermediate or resistant. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results

The overall prevalence of laboratory confirmed N. gonorrhoeae was 25(20.8%). The isolated N. gonorrhoeae was resistant 100% to tetracycline, penicillin and 80% percent was multidrug resistant.

Conclusion

Prevalence and drug resistance of N. gonorrhoeae were high in the study area. A large study is needed in order to know the magnitude in the community as well as to increase awareness of both regional health bureaus and the Ministry of Health about the treatment guide-lines.
Aesthetic and functional bra attributes as emotional triggers
Authors: Greggianin Mônica , Tonetto Leandro Miletto , Brust-Renck Priscila
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to evaluate how bra design can trigger positive emotional experiences among users through aesthetic and functional attributes. To achieve this aim, the relationships between women and their favorite bras were investigated, since the users’ preferred products tend to evoke positive experiences. Emotional experiences while using the chosen bras were accessed through five measures: Arousal (intensity of an emotional response); Valence (degree of pleasantness); Dominance (degree of control experienced by the person facing a stimulus); how attractive the chosen bra is; and agreement levels with sentences stating that each design attribute from a list (aesthetic and functional) was determinant for the choice of a certain bra as favorite. The research instrument was a printed questionnaire, which was answered by 182 women. The results indicate that pleasantness (Valence) was related to relaxation (low Arousal), but the feeling of being in control (Dominance), when wearing the chosen bra, was not connected to pleasantness. Attractiveness of the bra, relaxation and pleasantness were related to both aesthetic and functional attributes. The feeling of being in control when using the chosen bra was mostly related to functional attributes. Results are discussed to foster bra design with potential to evoke positive experiences among users.
Getting a balance between generalisation and specialisation in mental health services: a defence of general services
Authors: Laugharne Richard , Thompson Matthew , Srivastava Alind , Marlow Simon , Shankar Rohit
Published: July 2018

Mental health services in the UK National Health Service have evolved to include primary-care generalist, secondary-care generalist and secondary-care specialist services. We argue that there continues to be an important role for the secondary-care generalists as they minimise interfaces, can live with diagnostic uncertainty and support continuity of care. The lack of commissioning and clinical boundaries in secondary-care generalist services can undermine their feasibility, leading to difficulties recruiting and retaining staff. There is a risk of a polo-mint service, where the specialist services on the edge are well resourced, but the secondary-care generalist services taking the greatest burden struggle to recruit and retain clinicians. We need to establish equity in resources and expectations between generalist and specialist mental health services.

Declaration of interest

None.
The mental health of asylum seekers in Australia and the role of psychiatrists
Authors: Silove Derrick , Mares Sarah
Published: July 2018

There are more displaced people around the world than ever before, and over half are children. Australia and other wealthy nations have implemented increasingly harsh policies, justified as ‘humane deterrence’, and aimed at preventing asylum seekers (persons without preestablished resettlement visas) from entering their borders and gaining protection. Australian psychiatrists and other health professionals have documented the impact of these harsh policies since their inception. Their experience in identifying and challenging the effects of these policies on the mental health of asylum seekers may prove instructive to others facing similar issues. In outlining the Australian experience, we draw selectively on personal experience, research, witness account issues, reports by human rights organisations, clinical observations and commentaries. Australia’s harsh response to asylum seekers, including indefinite mandatory detention and denial of permanent protection for those found to be refugees, starkly demonstrates the ineluctable intersection of mental health, human rights, ethics and social policy, a complexity that the profession is uniquely positioned to understand and hence reflect back to government and the wider society.
Can physiological engineering/programming increase multi-generational thermal tolerance to extreme temperature events?
Authors: Sorby Kris L. , Green Mark P. , Dempster Tim D. , Jessop Tim S.
Published: July 2018

Organisms increasingly encounter higher frequencies of extreme weather events as a consequence of global climate change. Currently, few strategies are available to mitigate climate change effects on animals arising from acute extreme high temperature events. We tested the capacity of physiological engineering to influence the intra- and multi-generational upper thermal tolerance capacity of a model organism Artemia, subjected to extreme high temperatures. Enhancement of specific physiological regulators during development could affect thermal tolerances or life-history attributes affecting subsequent fitness. Using experimental Artemia populations we exposed F0 individuals to one of four treatments; heat hardening (28°C to 36°C, 1°C per 10 minutes), heat hardening plus serotonin (0.056 µg ml−1), heat hardening plus methionine (0.79 mg ml−1), and a control treatment. Regulator concentrations were based on previous literature. Serotonin may promote thermotolerance, acting upon metabolism and life-history. Methionine acts as a methylation agent across generations. For all groups, measurements were collected for three performance traits of individual thermal tolerance (upper sublethal thermal limit, lethal limit, and dysregulation range) over two generations. Results showed no treatment increased upper thermal limit during acute thermal stress, although serotonin-treated and methionine-treated individuals outperformed controls across multiple thermal performance traits. Additionally, some effects were evident across generations. Together these results suggest phenotypic engineering provides complex outcomes; and if implemented with heat hardening can further influence performance in multiple thermal tolerance traits, within and across generations. Potentially, such techniques could be up-scaled to provide resilience and stability in populations susceptible to extreme temperature events.
Predictive physiological anticipatory activity preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli: An update of Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis
Authors: Duggan Michael , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: July 2018

Background: This is an update of the Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis related to the physiological anticipation preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli which overall effect size was 0.21; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.13 - 0.29

Methods: Nineteen new peer and non-peer reviewed studies completed from January 2008 to June 2018 were retrieved describing a total of 27 experiments and 36 associated effect sizes.

Results: The overall weighted effect size, estimated with a frequentist multilevel random model, was: 0.28; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.38; the overall weighted effect size, estimated with a multilevel Bayesian model, was: 0.28; 95% Credible Intervals: 0.18-0.38.

The weighted mean estimate of the effect size of peer reviewed studies was higher than that of non-peer reviewed studies, but with overlapped confidence intervals: Peer reviewed: 0.36; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.26-0.47; Non-Peer reviewed: 0.22; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.05-0.39.

Similarly, the weighted mean estimate of the effect size of Preregistered studies was higher than that of Non-Preregistered studies: Preregistered: 0.31; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.45; No-Preregistered: 0.24; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.08-0.41.

The statistical estimation of the publication bias by using the Copas selection model suggest that the main findings are not contaminated by publication bias.

Conclusions: In summary, with this update, the main findings reported in Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis, are confirmed.
Computational assessment of stomach tumor volume from multi-slice computerized tomography images in presence of type 2 cancer
Authors: Chacón Gerardo , Rodríguez Johel E. , Bermúdez Valmore , Vera Miguel , Hernández Juan Diego , Vargas Sandra , Pardo Aldo , Lameda Carlos , Madriz Delia , Bravo Antonio J.
Published: July 2018

Background: The multi–slice computerized tomography (MSCT) is a medical imaging modality that has been used to determine the size and location of the stomach cancer. Additionally, MSCT is considered the best modality for the staging of gastric cancer. One way to assess the type 2 cancer of stomach is by detecting the pathological structure with an image segmentation approach. The tumor segmentation of MSCT gastric cancer images enables the diagnosis of the disease condition, for a given patient, without using an invasive method as surgical intervention.

Methods: This approach consists of three stages. The initial stage, an image enhancement, consists of a method for correcting non homogeneities present in the background of MSCT images. Then, a segmentation stage using a clustering method allows to obtain the adenocarcinoma morphology. In the third stage, the pathology region is reconstructed and then visualized with a three–dimensional (3–D) computer graphics procedure based on marching cubes algorithm. In order to validate the segmentations, the Dice score is used as a metric function useful for comparing the segmentations obtained using the proposed method with respect to ground truth volumes traced by a clinician.

Results: A total of 8 datasets available for patients diagnosed, from the cancer data collection of the project, Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGASTAD) is considered in this research. The volume of the type 2 stomach tumor is estimated from the 3–D shape computationally segmented from the each dataset. These 3–D shapes are computationally reconstructed and then used to assess the morphopathology macroscopic features of this cancer.

Conclusions: The segmentations obtained are useful for assessing qualitatively and quantitatively the stomach type 2 cancer. In addition, this type of segmentation allows the development of computational models that allow the planning of virtual surgical processes related to type 2 cancer.
Online Teaching in a Large, Required, Undergraduate Management Science Course
Authors: Miltenburg John
Published: July 2018

This paper describes how a required management science course is taught online to a large number of undergraduate business school students. The paper describes the design of the online course, how online documents are created, testing, student effort and performance, and student evaluation of the course. Some of the insights are as follows. (i) In a large, required, undergraduate business school course, many students seek a shallow rather than in-depth understanding of the course material. Doing the course online makes it easier for these students to acquire this understanding and achieve a good final course grade. (ii) The online course works well for about 85% of the students and for the university. It works less well for about 15% of the students who procrastinate, then fall behind, and cannot catch up. Improving the course design for these students is a priority. (iii) When the amount of online video material increases, students value the course more and value the instructor less. Consequently, an instructor contemplating online teaching should think very carefully about how student evaluation of instructor effectiveness will be done.
Revisión integradora sobre intervenciones escolares para la prevención primaria de la obesidad infantil
Authors: De la fuente Marañón Celia , Cervera Gasch Agueda
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: El presente estudio tiene por objetivo reunir la evidencia disponible sobre las intervenciones escolares dirigidas a la prevención de la obesidad en la población infantil comprendida entre los dos y doce años de edad.Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. La búsqueda de artículos se ha llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 2016 y febrero de 2017. Las búsquedas se han realizado en tres bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane Plus y Cinhal. Resultados: Se han obtenido un total 17 artículos, 15 de ellos son ensayos clínicos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se han incluido intervenciones de tipo educativo, dietético y deportivo, la intervención más repetida es la educativa.Conclusión: Las intervenciones han mejorado los estilos de vida de los niños, e incluso en ocasiones han logrado disminuir su peso.
El cáncer de mama en niñas y adolescentes como población vulnerable
Authors: De los santos Bayo Elena , Mariscal Crespo María Isabel
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: el objetivo principal de esta revisión es identificar las mejores evidencias específicas disponibles en la literatura científica sobre el cáncer de mama en niñas y adolescentes.Metodología: búsqueda avanzada en distintas bases de datos de las que se han recopilado 8 artículos con altos índices de impacto según JCR publicados en los últimos 5 años y disponibles a texto completo.Resultados: existen factores de riesgo modificable y no modificables relacionados con el cáncer de mama en niñas y adolescentes. Es de gran importancia el conocimiento de la enfermedad, las pruebas diagnósticas, la imagen de la mujer con cáncer de mama y su preocupación por el embarazo tras el diagnóstico en este grupo poblacional. Es necesario establecer sistemas enfermeros específicos para las afectadas o en riesgo de presentar cáncer de mama, así como para su familia.Conclusión: La figura de la enfermera cobra aún mayor importancia en este ámbito. Los profesionales de enfermería deben estar perfectamente formados y tener una cartera de servicios para la prevención del cáncer de mama en niñas y adolescentes, pruebas diagnósticas específicas para este grupo vulnerable y el cuidado de la población afectada. El apoyo educativo sería la estrategia de elección para llevarlo a cabo.
A REVISION OF ISACHNE IN MALESIA 2: SECT. ALBENTES (GRAMINEAE, ISACHNEAE)
Authors: J.F. Veldkamp
Published: July 2018

VELDKAMP, J. F. 2018. A revision of Isachne in Malesia 2: Sect. Albentes (Gramineae, Isachneae). Reinwardtia 17 (1): 1–33. — There are 23 species of Isachne in Malesia of which the 16 belonging to sect. Albentes are revised here. Isachne fera (N. Sumatra) and I. glandulosa (W. Sumatra) are new species, and so is I. bsipiana from Vanuatu. Isachne clementis and I. vulcanica are distinct species. Isachne albomarginata and I. beneckei are reduced to I. clarkei, I. obtecta to I. stricta, I. repens to I. commelinifolia (which is reinstated here), I. saxicola to I. clementis. Isachne kunthiana restricted to Sri Lanka and S. India has been much misapplied to specimens of I.commelinifolia and I. schmidtii. Fifteen lectotypes are designated.
FLORA OF SINGAPORE PRECURSORS, 2. A NEW SPECIES AND TWO NEW COMBINATIONS IN PSYDRAX (RUBIACEAE: VANGUERIEAE) FOR WEST MALESIA
Authors: Meng Wong Khoon , Mahyuni Ridha
Published: July 2018

WONG, K. M. & MAHYUNI, R. 2018. Flora of Singapore Precursors, 2. A new species and two new combinations in Psydrax (Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae) for West Malesia. Reinwardtia 17(1): 77–84. — Studies in Psydrax Gaertn. for the Flora of Singapore and the Malesian floristic region have revealed that three taxa required the description of a new species and two new combinations. Psydrax undulatifolius K.M.Wong & Mahyuni is newly described as a species thus far recorded only for the Malay Peninsula, whereas Psydrax approximatus (Korth.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong and Psydrax lucidulus (Miq.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong are newly combined from Canthium approximatum Korth. and Vangueria lucidula Miq., both distributed in Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
Levantamento das condições de transporte e armazenamento de rosas comercializadas na CEAGESP
Authors: Stoppa Pereira Mariana , Ferraz Marcelo Vieira , Gasparoto Maria Cândida De Godoy , De Oliveira Thiago
Published: July 2018

There is little information about the problems that occur in the commercialization of roses (Rosa spp.) in Brazil, especially those from postharvest management. There is scarce research about the conditions of transportation of roses from the farm to the market and their storage. This study investigated the postharvest conditions and commercialization of roses at CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) Flower Wholesale, especially the perception of the permission holders about the customer’s profile and the main challenges faced by them in selling their products. A questionnaire was applied to 48 permission holders in order to understand the main issues in the rose supply chain, related to their commercialization: shipping, storage and origin, as well as the water quality in the flowerpot in addition to the measurement of the temperature of the water used in the marketing and the interior of the vehicle used for transport. Some bacteria species can obstruct the xylem of the cut flowers, reducing their longevity. In this way, the number of bacteria was estimated in the water where the roses were kept during the commercialization in the market place. Twenty-five samples (50 mL) from the water in the rose flowerpots were collected to estimate the number of bacteria. Serial dilutions of each sample were prepared to evaluate the bacterial population. The most commercialized rose varieties at CEAGESP Flower Wholesale are “Carolla” and “Tinike”. The main postharvest disease observed in these roses was gray rot (Botrytis cinerea) and pest-mite (Tetranycus urticae). On average, water from deep wells (4.0 x 105 CFU mL-1) had less number of bacteria than water river (5.15 x 105 CFU mL-1) and tap water (1.0 x 106 CFU mL-1).
Language policy in the Netherlands
Authors: Hamans Camiel
Published: July 2018

Language policy in the Netherlands
On some non-conventionalized uses of the transitive construction in Polish
Authors: Rudnicka-Szozda Kinga
Published: July 2018

On some non-conventionalized uses of the transitive construction in Polish
On language learner attitudes and achievement, and their relation with motivation
Authors: Zybert Jerzy
Published: July 2018

On language learner attitudes and achievement, and their relation with motivation
History and culture in language education: monuments and memorials as expressions of collective memory
Authors: Komorowska Hanna
Published: July 2018

History and culture in language education: monuments and memorials as expressions of collective memory
Die Segmente des neuen Mittelverteilungsmodells der Universitätsbibliothek Potsdam: Die Verankerung von Zeitschriftenpaketverträgen und die Verstetigung von Open Access im Bibliotheksetat
Authors: Thomas Linda
Published: July 2018

Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Literaturerwerbung und -nutzung innerhalb der letzten sieben Jahre haben einen Neuentwurf des Mittelverteilungsmodells der Universitätsbibliothek Potsdam unumgänglich gemacht. Dieser gliedert sich klar in Segmente und verankert erstmals auch Open Access im Bibliotheksetat. Damit wird dem angestrebten Transformationsprozess Rechnung getragen.
Estradiol Drives the Anorexigenic Activity of Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Female Mice
Authors: Stincic Todd L. , Grachev Pasha , Bosch Martha A. , Rønnekleiv Oline K. , Kelly Martin J.
Published: July 2018

Energy balance is regulated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. POMC neurons make extensive projections and are thought to release both amino acid and peptide neurotransmitters. However, whether they communicate directly with NPY/AgRP neurons is debated. Initially, using single-cell RT-PCR, we determined that mouse POMCeGFPneurons expressSlc17a6(Vglut2) andSlc18a2(Vmat2), but notSlc31a1(Vgat) mRNA, suggesting glutamate and non-canonical GABA release. Quantitative (q)RT-PCR of POMCeGFPcells revealed thatVglut2andVmat2expression was significantly increased in E2- versus oil-treated, ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Since 17β-estradiol (E2) is anorexigenic, we hypothesized that an underlying mechanism is enhancement of POMC signaling. Therefore, we optogenetically stimulated POMC neurons in hypothalamic slices to examine evoked release of neurotransmitters onto NPY/AgRP neurons. Using brief light pulses, we primarily observed glutamatergic currents and, based on the paired pulse ratio (PPR), determined that release probability was higher in E2- versus oil-treated, OVX female, congruent with increasedVlgut2expression. Moreover, bath perfusion of the Gq-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (ER) agonist STX recapitulated the effects of E2 treatment. In addition, high-frequency (20 Hz) stimulation generated a slow outward current that reversed near Ek+and was antagonized by naloxone, indicative of β-endorphin release. Furthermore, individual NPY/AgRP neurons were found to expressOprm1, the transcript for μ-opioid receptor, and DAMGO, a selective agonist, elicited an outward current. Therefore, POMC excitability and neurotransmission are enhanced by E2, which would facilitate decreased food consumption through marked inhibition of NPY/AgRP neurons.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Distinct Sub-Bands in the α Rhythm Reflect Facilitation and Suppression Mechanisms during Auditory Anticipatory Attention
Authors: ElShafei Hesham A. , Bouet Romain , Bertrand Olivier , Bidet-Caulet Aurélie
Published: July 2018

Anticipatory attention results in enhanced response to task-relevant stimulus, and reduced processing of unattended input, suggesting the deployment of distinct facilitatory and suppressive mechanisms. α Oscillations are a suitable candidate for supporting these mechanisms. We aimed to examine the role of α oscillations, with a special focus on peak frequencies, in facilitatory and suppressive mechanisms during auditory anticipation, within the auditory and visual regions. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were collected from fourteen healthy young human adults (eight female) performing an auditory task in which spatial attention to sounds was manipulated by visual cues, either informative or not of the target side. By incorporating uninformative cues, we could delineate facilitating and suppressive mechanisms. During anticipation of a visually-cued auditory target, we observed a decrease in α power around 9 Hz in the auditory cortices; and an increase around 13 Hz in the visual regions. Only this power increase in high α significantly correlated with behavior. Importantly, within the right auditory cortex, we showed a larger increase in high α power when attending an ipsilateral sound; and a stronger decrease in low α power when attending a contralateral sound. In summary, we found facilitatory and suppressive attentional mechanisms with distinct timing in task-relevant and task-irrelevant brain areas, differentially correlated to behavior and supported by distinct α sub-bands. We provide new insight into the role of the α peak-frequency by showing that anticipatory attention is supported by distinct facilitatory and suppressive mechanisms, mediated in different low and high sub-bands of the α rhythm, respectively.