bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing Reference Values for Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets of Healthy Children in China Using a Single Platform
Authors: Zhang Liangjun , Zhong Huixiu , Wei Bin , Fan Jiwen , Huang Jingyuan , Li Yi , Liu Weiping
Published: August 2022

Lymphocyte subsets significantly change during childhood; thus, age-matched reference values derived from healthy children are crucial. We established reference values for lymphocyte subsets, including T cells (CD3+), CD4 T cells (CD3 + CD4+), CD8 T cells (CD3 + CD8+), double negative T (DNT) cells (CD3 + CD4-CD8-), B cells (CD3-CD19+), NK cells (CD3-CD56+), and NKT-like cells (CD3 + CD56+) in the peripheral blood of 813 healthy children. We used the method of the international standard document (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute C28-A3) to establish reference intervals with a single platform. First, we used the Skewness and Kurtosis test to analyze the normality of the data. The nonnormally distributed data was transformed into approximately normal distribution by the Box-Cox transformation. Second, we used the Tukey’s method to eliminate outliers. Further, all the subjects were grouped into subgroups according to sex (male and female) and age (0–1 month, 2–12 months, 1–3 years, 4–6 years, and 7–18 years). We used the standard normal deviation test (

Z

-test) to evaluate whether age and sex were possible grouping factors. The analyses indicated age to be an important factor associated with changes in lymphocyte subsets. The absolute number of lymphocyte subsets and total number of lymphocytes, T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and B cells gradually increase from birth to 12 months and then gradually decrease with age. Furthermore, CD4 T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ gradually decrease with age. In contrast, CD8 T and DNT cells gradually increase with age. The percentage and number of NK and NKT-like cells gradually increase with age and remain stable between 1 and 18 years of age. In conclusion, the age-related reference intervals established in healthy children in this study can aid in monitoring and assessing the changes in immune levels in diseased conditions.
Optimizing Multitask Assignment of Internet of Things Devices by Reinforcement Learning in Mobile Crowdsensing Scenes
Authors: Wang Mengmei
Published: August 2022

The objective is to optimize the multitask assignment (MTA) in mobile crowdsensing (MCS) scenarios. From the perspective of reinforcement learning (RL), an Internet of Things (IoT) devices-oriented MTA model is established using MCS, IoT technology, and other related theories. Then, the data collected by the University of Cambridge and the University of St. Andrews are chosen to verify the three MTA algorithms on IoT devices. They are multistage online task assignment (MOTA), average makespan-sensitive online task assignment (AOTA), and water filling (WF). Experiments are designed by considering different algorithms’ MTA time consumption and accuracy in simple and complex task scenarios. The research results manifest that with a constant load or task quantity, the MOTA algorithm takes the shortest time to assign tasks. In simple task scenarios, MOTA is compared with the WF. The MOTA algorithm’s total moving distance is relatively short, and the task completion degree is the highest. AOTA algorithm lends best to complex tasks, with the highest MTA accuracy and the shortest time consumption. Therefore, the research on IoT devices’ MTA optimization based on RL in the MCS scenario provides a certain theoretical basis for subsequent MTA studies.
Identification of Prognostic Genes and Immune Landscape Signatures Based on Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Pengkai , Fan Yunxiu , Liu Qiping , Zhou Junhao
Published: August 2022

Background. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer subtype and accounts for the highest proportion of cancer-related deaths. The tumor microenvironment influences prognostic outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and Methods. We used the ESTIMATE algorithm (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) to investigate the role of microenvironment-related genes and stromal cells in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. This analysis was done on lung adenocarcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The cases were divided into high and low groups on the basis of immune and stromal scores, respectively. Results. There were close correlations between immune scores with prognosis and disease stage. There were 367 differentially expressed genes. Combining the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we found 14 prognosis-related genes. Results. Based on the enrichment levels of the immune cell types, we clustered LUAD into Immunity_H and Immunity_L subtypes. Most of these genes were upregulated in Immunity_H subtype. Finally, using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases, most of the proteins corresponding to prognostic genes were verified to be differentially expressed between the tumor and normal groups. Conclusions. The key genes identified in this study are involved in molecular mechanisms of LUAD.
Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats
Authors: Li Dayan , Xu Xinping , Gao Yabing , Wang Juan , Yin Yue , Yao Binwei , Zhao Li , Wang Haoyu , Wang Hui , Dong Ji , Zhang Jing , Peng Ruiyun
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) changes in cardiac injury caused by microwave radiation, aimed at providing novel insights into the mechanism of this damage. A digital thermometer was used to measure the rectal temperature of the rats’ pre- and post-radiation. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th days post-radiation, the changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) were analyzed by a multi-channel physiological recorder. The myocardial enzyme activities and ion concentrations were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Additionally, the levels of myocardial injury markers were established by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and those of hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. The structure and ultrastructure of the myocardial tissue were observed using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of Hsp72 was measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Post-exposure, the rectal temperature in the R-group increased significantly, ECG was disordered, and the concentrations of ions were decreased. Furthermore, the activities of myocardial enzymes were changed, and the contents of myocardial injury markers and hormones were increased. We observed damage to the structure and ultrastructure and significantly increased expression of Hsp72. As a whole, the results indicated that S-wave microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 for 35 min resulted in damage to the cardiac functionality organigram, caused by a combination of the thermal and nonthermal effects.
User Energy Efficiency Fairness Algorithms for Task Offload in Cloud Edge Networks
Authors: Li Junjie , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Yuexia
Published: August 2022

With the emergence of several new services such as driverless vehicles and virtual reality, mobile communication networks face problems such as heavy load and insufficient computing resources. The development of cloud, edge, and mobile edge network computing provides a good solution to this problem. This paper proposes the development of a user energy efficiency fairness task unloading algorithm for cloud-side networks. First, a cloud-side network cooperation model is constructed. The model ensures the efficient use of user energy and addresses the task offloading decision and resource allocation optimization problem jointly. Using the generalized fraction theory, the optimization problem is transformed into an equivalent convex problem by introducing relaxation as well as auxiliary variables. Next, the centralized energy efficiency fairness (CEEF) and alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM)-based energy efficiency fairness algorithms are implemented to obtain an optimal solution for the optimization problem. Finally, through experimental simulation, the convergence of the CEEF- and ADMM-based energy efficiency fairness algorithms is verified. Compared with noncooperative algorithms, the performance of our proposed method increased by 30.76%. The proposed algorithm has been verified to ensure the fairness of user energy efficiency.
Evaluation of Government Management Performance for Government-Guided Funds in the Chinese Sports
Authors: Gao Yang , Li Wenge , Guo Enkai , Wang Zhaohong
Published: August 2022

Since 2007, providing government-guided funds has gradually become an important policy means to develop the sports industry. First, this study defined the concept of government-guided funds. Second, Jiangsu Province was chosen for a case study. By referring to relevant requirements, a hierarchical model of government management performance evaluation for government-guided funds in the sports industry was established. Finally, the index system was used to evaluate the government management performance related to government-guided funds for the sports industry in Jiangsu, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to optimize the management and organization processes.
The Feasibility and Safety of the Clip-and-Snare Method with a Prelooping Technique for Gastric Submucosal Tumors Removal: A Single-Center Experience (with Video)
Authors: Tang Qi , Shi Rui-Yue , Yao Jun , Wang Li-Sheng , Li De-Feng
Published: August 2022

Aim. This study compared the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) combined with clip-and-snare method and a prelooping technique (CSM-PLT) with ESD alone for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors (gSMTs). Methods. We retrospectively enrolled a matched group of 86 patients who received ESD combined with CSM-PLT or ESD alone from July 2010 to July 2020. The primary outcomes included complete resection, en bloc resection, and R0 resection. Results. Eighty-six patients with gSMTs were enrolled in ESD combined with CSM-PLT group and ESD group, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, and tumor origin between the two groups. The complete resection, en bloc resection, and R0 resection rates were comparable between two groups (

P
=
1

,

P
=
0.31

, and

P
=
0.25

, respectively). There were no significant differences in terms of hospital stays, hospitalization cost, postoperative complications, and residual rate (

P
=
0.42

,

P
=
0.74

,

P
=
0.65

, and

P
=
1

, respectively) between the two groups. However, the ESD combined with CSM-PLT was associated with a shorter procedure duration and fewer intraoperative complications (

P
<
0.001

and

P
=
0.024

, respectively). In addition, the incidence of intraoperative bleeding in ESD combined with CSM-PLT group was significantly lower than that in ESD group (

P
=
0.04

). Conclusion. Both ESD combined with CSM-PLT and ESD were effective and safe modalities for the treatment of gSMTs. However, ESD combined with CSM-PLT was associated with a shorter procedure duration and fewer intraoperative complications.
Analysis for Hydrodynamic Wedge-Platform Thrust Slider Bearing with Ultralow Surface Separation
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Yongbin
Published: August 2022

For the case of ultralow surface separation, in a hydrodynamic wedge-platform thrust slider bearing, the outlet zone and a portion of the inlet zone are in boundary lubrication, while most of the inlet zone is in the multiscale lubrication contributed by both the adsorbed boundary layer and the intermediate continuum fluid film. The present paper first presents the mathematical derivations for the generated pressure and carried load of this bearing based on the governing equation for boundary lubrication and the multiscale flow equation. Then, the full numerical calculation is carried out to verify the analytical derivations. It was found that the mathematical derivations normally have considerable errors when calculating the hydrodynamic pressure distribution in the bearing, owing to introducing the equivalent parameter

λ

bf
,
e

which is constant in the inlet zone; however they can be used to calculate the carried load of the bearing when the surface separation in the outlet zone is sufficiently high. The study suggests the necessity of the numerical calculation of the hydrodynamic pressure and even the carried load of this bearing. It is also shown that owing to the fluid-bearing surface interaction, the pressure and carried load of this bearing are significantly greater than those calculated from the classical hydrodynamic theory.
Melatonin Inhibits the Ferroptosis Pathway in Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Axis to Attenuate Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Ning , Hao Li , Zhou Wei , Li Lei , Liu Lei , Yang Fang , Xu Lei , Yao Gang , Zhu Chen , Xu Wei , Fang Shiyuan
Published: August 2022

Steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP) is a form of secondary osteoporosis, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. Glucocorticoid (GC-)-induced death of osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an important factor in SIOP. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent type of programmed cell death and can be induced by many factors. Herein, we aimed to explore whether GCs cause ferroptosis of BMSCs, identify pathways as possible therapeutic targets, and determine the underlying mechanisms of action. In this study, we used high-dose dexamethasone (DEX) to observe whether GCs induce ferroptosis of BMSCs. Additionally, we established a rat SIOP model and then assessed whether melatonin (MT) could inhibit the ferroptosis pathway to provide early protection against GC-induced SIOP and investigated the signaling pathways involved. In vitro experiments confirmed that DEX induces ferroptosis in BMSCs. MT significantly alleviates GC-induced ferroptosis of BMSCs. Pathway analysis showed that MT ameliorates ferroptosis by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis. MT upregulates the expression of PI3K, which is an important regulator of ferroptosis resistance. PI3K activators mimic the antiferroptotic effect of MT, but when the PI3K pathway is blocked, the effect of MT is weakened. Using in vivo experiments, we confirmed the in vitro results and observed that MT can obviously protect against SIOP induced by GC. Notably, even after the initiation of GC-induced ferroptosis, MT can confer protection against SIOP. Our research confirms that GC-induced ferroptosis is closely related to SIOP. MT can inhibit ferroptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of SIOP. Therefore, MT may be a novel agent for preventing and treating SIOP.
The Relationship between Parenting Style and Career Planning of Vocational Students by Educational Psychology under Information Technology
Authors: Zhang Qian
Published: August 2022

It is aimed at studying the role of parenting style on the career planning of vocational students in the context of information technology. This design takes the first-year and second-year students of two higher vocational colleges as the survey objects. From the perspective of educational psychology, firstly, the parenting style scale of these students is constructed, and meanwhile, the dimension design of career planning is carried out. Secondly, through the questionnaire survey, the career planning of students and the status quo of parenting styles are investigated, and the sample data are statistically analyzed by data analysis methods such as standard deviation analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Finally, hypotheses are formulated and justified. The results reveal that the total score for career planning and the average score of each dimension are more than 3 points, indicating that vocational students have certain plans for their future careers. There are great differences in the gender of parenting styles, and the parental acceptance/involvement (

t
=
3.389

,

p
<
0.01

) dimension of the parenting style of the first-year students is greatly higher than that of the second-year students. On the dimension of psychological autonomy (

t
=
−
2.066

,

p
<
0.05

), the score of second-year students is distinctly higher than that of the first year. There are obvious differences in grades from the dimensions of parental acceptance/participation and psychological autonomy. There is no observable difference in whether it is an only child (

p
>
0.05

) and the place of origin (

p
>
0.05

). In terms of the total score and each dimension of career planning, the authoritative type scored the highest, and the neglect type scored the lowest. Parents’ participation and acceptance behavior of vocational students are markedly related to their career planning. Parental punishment and acceptance are distinctly positively correlated with the career planning of these students and their two dimensions. Psychological autonomy is memorably associated with the domain of exploration.
Active Control for Marine Engine Room Noise Using an FXLMS Algorithm
Authors: Yu Qianqian , Cao Erming
Published: August 2022

The noise in the marine engine room has always been a major cause of disturbance and damage to sailors’ physical and mental health; however, the antinoise countermeasures were being ignored by the industry. To further reduce the noise in the marine engine room, the system structure of active noise control (ANC) and the theoretical basis of the least mean square (LMS) and filtered X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm are studied. Based on the FXLMS algorithm ANC system, the simulation study of active noise control in the marine engine room of a multigas carrier is carried out. According to the simulation results by the diagrams plotted on the time domain and spectrum, the ANC systems with the FXLMS algorithm can effectively reduce the noise in the marine engine room by about 20 dB, especially for the peak low-frequency range of 20–500 Hz with a large antinoise effect.
[Retracted] The Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol in the Treatment of COPD in the Elderly
Authors: Guo Min , Yu Chuan , Li Zenian
Published: August 2022

Objective. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and difficult disease of the chronic respiratory system that is common and frequent, with a huge disease burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of budesonide/glyburide/formoterol fumarate (BGF) in the treatment of COPD. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The basic features of the seven pieces of literature were identified using the search strategy. The sample size range was 130∼1264. Results. The effects of BGF increased FEV1 in patients with COPD (mean difference = 2.86, 95%CI: 2.71–3.01, p < 0.00001). The effects of BGF improved in patients with ≥1 TEAE in patients with COPD, and was not statistically significant after treatment (Odds rate = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.85–1.17, p = 0.97). The effects of BGF increased in patients with TEAEs related a to study treatment in patients with COPD (odds rate = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.57, p = 0.02). The effects of BGF in decreased patients with serious TEAEs in patients with COPD (odds rate = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.03–−0.00, p = 0.04). The effects of BGF decreased the death rate in patients with COPD, and were not statistically significant after treatment (odds rate = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.31–1.97, p = 0.59). The effects of BGF decreased the hypertension rate in patients with COPD (odds rate = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.44–1.89, p = 0.81), and was not statistically significant after treatment. The effects of BGF increased pneumonia in patients with COPD (odds rate = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.81–2.97, p = 0.19), and were not statistically significant after treatment. The effects of BGF increased FEV1, increased patients with TEAEs related a to study treatment, and decreased patients with serious TEAEs in patients with COPD. Conclusion. This study elucidates the efficacy and safety of BGF in the treatment of COPD with a view to providing a clinical reference.
Microfeature Segmentation Algorithm for Biological Images Using Improved Density Peak Clustering
Authors: Li Man , Sha Haiyin , Liu Hongying
Published: August 2022

To address the problem of low precision in feature segmentation of biological images with large noise, a microfeature segmentation algorithm for biological images using improved density peak clustering was proposed. First, the center pixel and edge information of a biological image were obtained to remove some redundant information. The three-dimensional space of the image is constructed, and the coordinate system is used to describe every superpixel of the biological image. Second, the image symmetry and reversibility are used to obtain the stopping position of pixels, other adjacent points are used to obtain the current color and shape information, and more vectors are used to express the density to complete the image pretreatment. Finally, the improved density peak clustering method is used to cluster the image, and the pixels completed by clustering and the remaining pixels are evenly distributed into the space to segment the image so as to complete the microfeature segmentation of the biological image based on the improved density peak clustering method. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the segmentation efficiency, segmentation integrity rate, and segmentation accuracy. The time consumed by the proposed biological image microfeature segmentation algorithm is always less than 2 minutes, and the segmentation integrity rate can reach more than 90%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can reduce the missing condition and the noise of the segmented image and improve the image feature segmentation effect.
Information Feedback Model for IoT Applications Based on of Basic Ability in Educational Practice of Preschool Education Major in Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Wang Ping , Xie Wensi
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problem that the measurement of students’ behavior preference is inaccurate and affects the teaching effect in the information feedback model of basic ability of educational practice, an information feedback model of basic ability of educational practice of preschool education major in higher vocational education is proposed. A feedback metacognitive intervention mechanism is designed from the perspective of learners to reflect learning performance from three aspects: cognitive results, behavior performance, and learning strategies. The focus index is introduced to extract the characteristics of classroom teaching information of professional education. Design a multisource education information fusion algorithm, fuse the ability information of the three dimensions of learning performance, and measure students’ behavior preferences. Construct the information feedback model of practice basic ability, get the predicted information feedback score, and measure the teaching effect. The experimental test shows that the average score of this model is 8.97 points higher than the pretest, 5.05 points and 3.33 points higher than the model based on data mining and cluster analysis, respectively. Therefore, it can improve the teaching quality of preschool education.
Outcomes of Genetic Testing-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yu Xing , Fan Yuxuan , Sun Xiaopeng , Wang Xiaojing , Guo Qi , Fan Zhiqing
Published: August 2022

Objective. There can be extreme variability between individual responses to exercise training, and the identification of genetic variants associated with individual variabilities in exercise-related traits could guide individualized exercise programs. We aimed to screen the exercise-related gene sensitivity of patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI by establishing the gene spectrum of aerobic exercise and cardiopulmonary function sensitivity, test the effect of individualized precision exercise therapy, and provide evidence for the establishment of a precision medicine program for clinical research. Methods. Aerobic exercise- and cardiopulmonary function-related genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained by data mining utilizing a major publicly available biomedical repository, the NCBI PubMed database. Biological samples from all participants underwent DNA testing. We performed SNP detection using Samtools. A total of 122 patients who underwent PCI were enrolled in the study. We screened the first 24 cases with a high mutation frequency for aerobic exercise- and cardiopulmonary function-related genes and the last 24 cases with a low mutation frequency and separated them into two groups for the exercise intervention experiment. Results. In both the low mutation frequency group and the high mutation frequency group, after 8 weeks of exercise intervention, 6 MWT distance, 6 MWT%, VO2/kg at peak, and VO2/kg at AT were significantly improved, and the effect in the high mutation frequency group was significantly higher than that in the low mutation frequency group (6 MWT distance: 468 vs. 439,

P
=
0.003

; 6 MWT%: 85 vs. 77,

P
=
0.002

, VO2/kg at peak: 14.7 vs. 13.3,

P
=
0.002

; VO2/kg at AT: 11.9 vs. 13.3,

P
=
0.003

). Conclusions. There is extreme variability between individual responses to exercise training. The identification of genetic variants associated with individual variabilities in exercise-related traits could guide individualized exercise programs. We found that the subjects with a high mutation frequency in aerobic exercise and cardiopulmonary function-related genes achieved more cardiorespiratory fitness benefits in the aerobic exercise rehabilitation program and provided evidence for the establishment of a precision medicine program for clinical research.
Preclinical Characterization of Relatlimab, a Human LAG-3–Blocking Antibody, Alone or in Combination with Nivolumab
Authors: Thudium Kent , Selby Mark , Zorn Julie A. , Rak Gregory , Wang Xi-Tao , Bunch Roderick Todd , Hogan Jason M. , Strop Pavel , Korman Alan J.
Published: August 2022

Novel therapeutic approaches combining immune-checkpoint inhibitors are needed to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an immune-checkpoint molecule that inhibits T-cell activity and antitumor immune responses, acting through an independent mechanism from that of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Here, we describe the development and preclinical characterization of relatlimab, a human antibody that binds to human LAG-3 with high affinity and specificity to block the interaction of LAG-3 with the ligands MHC II and fibrinogen-like protein-1, and to reverse LAG-3–mediated inhibition of T-cell function in vitro. Consistent with previous reports, in mouse models, the combined blockade of LAG-3 and PD-1 with surrogate antibodies resulted in enhanced antitumor activity greater than the individual blockade of either receptor. In toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys, relatlimab was generally well tolerated when combined with nivolumab. These results are consistent with findings from the RELATIVITY-047 phase II/III trial showing that relatlimab combined with nivolumab is a well-tolerated regimen that demonstrates superior progression-free survival compared with nivolumab monotherapy in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
The Clinical Importance of Preoperative Rectal Swabs in Patients after Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Seika Philippa , Marz Susanne , Geffers Christine , Adam Thomas , Feldbrügge Linda , Jara Maximilian , Pratschke Johann , Rau Beate
Published: August 2022

Background: Surgical site infections are among the most common healthcare-associated infections, especially in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The aim of this retrospective study was to examine postoperative infectious complications according to preoperative screening findings of nasal and rectal swabs. Methods: Two hundred four consecutive patients received nasal and rectal swab examination for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria within 30 days before the operation in patients where CRS and HIPEC were planned. Inclusion criteria were as follows: confirmed peritoneal metastases (histologically and/or cytologically); age under 85 years; adequate renal, liver, and bone marrow function; no sign of infection preoperatively; resectable disease; and CRS and HIPEC procedure. If surgical site infection occurred, the microbial spectrum of the site was assessed. One hundred twenty-one patients (63 female [52.1%] and 58 male [47.9%]) met the criteria and were further analyzed retrospectively. Statistical correlations between postoperative complications and risk factors were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Postoperative complications in total were observed in 57 patients (47.1%) with major complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 3–4) in 15 patients (12.4%) and infectious complications in 37 (30.6%) patients. The overall prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage was 3.28%, and the overall prevalence of rectal MDR bacteria carriage was 10.7%. In propensity score analysis, colonized patients compared to noncolonized patients showed increased total complications (CD1–5, p = 0.025), infectious complications (p = 0.028), surgical site infections (p = 0.022) as well as pneumonia (p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to preoperative rectal colonization, American Society of Anesthesiologists score was a risk factor for postoperative complications. Conclusions: Preoperative 3-MRGN and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization were associated with increased complications and surgical site infections. Special antimicrobial treatment pathways are necessary for these patients to reduce postoperative complications due to colonization.
Desafios e possibilidades de pesquisa em Literatura e outras artes em tempos de pandemia: distanciamentos presenciais e ampliações de redes de contato online
Authors: Lopes Estefânia Francis
Published: August 2022

Os desafios em promover atividades entre pesquisadores, todos à distância, desde a organização até a realização de eventos e cursos, e de como as ferramentas virtuais possibilitaram fomentar discussões quanto à produção literária e de outras artes. Considerando que, em 2020, com a pandemia provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2, o isolamento social, por um lado, tornou o trabalho acadêmico ainda mais solitário, mas por outro, ampliou as redes de contatos por meio de encontros virtuais.
Revolução pela palavra: movimentação literária de jovens escritoras negras brasileiras
Authors: Lopes Viviane Carvalho
Published: August 2022

As representações negras foram, ao longo do tempo, excluídas e silenciadas da cena literária brasileira via racismo institucional e simbólico, que rechaçavam tanto autores quanto personagens de origem africana. Esse silenciamento histórico sobre as vozes negras tem sido quebrado, contemporaneamente, por uma movimentação de vida e escrita de jovens escritoras negras, que revolucionam a literatura brasileira com as suas experiências, além de uma estilística inovadora. A exemplo disso, temos o livro de contos Pequenas ficções de memória (2018) de Zainne Lima da Silva, e a antologia de poemas Mulher-palavra (2021) de Thaíse Santana, que estão marcados por uma beleza poética que entoa cultura e política, transpassados por experiências oriundas da população negra, sobretudo, de mulheres negras e periféricas. Nesse intento, busca-se apresentar, neste trabalho, de quais maneiras essas escritoras estão inovando o tecido literário, apontando para quebra dos silenciamentos e das máscaras, seguindo a linha de raciocínio da pesquisadora Grada Kilomba, em Memórias da plantação – Episódios de racismo cotidiano (2019), de maneira a tornarem-se sujeitas/protagonistas de suas histórias.
Considerações teóricas sobre a telicidade: uma abordagem comparativa
Authors: Gomes Jean Carlos da Silva
Published: August 2022

A telicidade é um valor aspectual semântico caracterizado pela presença de um ponto final delimitado linguisticamente na sentença. Tal categoria pode ser realizada de diferentes formas nas línguas. Neste trabalho, especificamente, realiza-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os meios pelos quais a telicidade pode ser expressa linguisticamente em português, espanhol, inglês, búlgaro, holandês, karitiana, sateré-mawé, dâw e japonês, com vistas à formulação de considerações teóricas sobre essa categoria aspectual semântica. Os dados indicaram que distintos fatores podem ser considerados na realização desse valor, abarcando artifícios fonológicos, morfológicos e sintáticos. Discutiu-se que os dados revisados neste estudo corroboram a argumentação de que a telicidade é uma informação codificada no sistema computacional, decorrente da concatenação dos elementos que compõem a sentença e, portanto, possui um status diferente dos demais valores aspectuais semânticos, considerados traços lexicais do verbo.
Dialogismo e heterodiscurso na divulgação científica brasileira e francesa: uma análise dialógico-comparativa
Authors: Cavalcante Filho Urbano
Published: August 2022

Neste trabalho, propomos uma análise dialógico-comparativa da presença do heterodiscurso na divulgação científica (DC), com  o objetivo de verificar como se manifestam as diferentes formas da presença do outro no fio discursivo da DC. Para tanto, discutimos dois importantes conceitos da teoria bakhtiniana, o dialogismo e o heterodiscurso, e apresentamos a concepção de DC que pauta o estudo, enquanto relação dialógico-semântica entre esferas, destacando o papel do divulgador enquanto regente das vozes que povoam a DC. O corpus constitui-se de enunciados materializados em duas revistas de divulgação científica: Ciência Hoje e La Recherche, produções brasileira e francesa, respectivamente. As reflexões apresentadas apontam para a existência de várias formas de presença de outros no discurso da DC (a exemplo da forma dissimulada, construção híbrida, motivação pseudo-objetiva, palavra autoritária e sob a forma de gêneros intercalados), formas também observadas por Bakhtin no seu estudo sobre o heterodiscurso no romance.
Stimmung, de Karlheinz Stockhausen: improvisação, notação musical, experiências e interações estéticas e mediações culturais nas maneiras de fazer música sob a influência do oriente e das múltiplas culturas a partir da segunda metade do século XX
Authors: Carvalho Diogo Rebel e
Published: August 2022

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, o declínio da representação do som através da notação tradicional, principalmente no continente europeu, é potencializado pelo florescer da multiplicidade cultural e das linguagens e estéticas oriundas, sobretudo, do oriente. O presente artigo visa examinar os processos de criação da obra Stimmung, de Karlheinz Stockhausen —reconhecidamente a primeira obra vocal do ocidente baseada, inteiramente, na produção de harmônicos vocais —, onde, a partir de uma única altura, numa obra com cerca de 75 minutos de duração, o compositor trabalha com sonoridades que remetem à tradição dos ritos e cerimônias exóticas ao interagir com elementos sonoros e textuais oriundos de diversos agentes culturais.
A técnica vocal e sua relação com o repertório coral: um levantamento do período de 2010 a 2020 e sugestões de exercícios vocais
Authors: Jacinto Maicon Pereira , Moura Paulo Celso
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa trata da relação entre técnica vocal e repertório coral. Neste trabalho objetiva-se discutir como a técnica vocal se constitui num caminho que viabilize a execução de repertório de música brasileira para coro. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema, teses e dissertações no Portal da CAPES, no período de 2010 a 2020, bem como revistas e periódicos científicos na área de música, com o intuito de encontrar estudos que tratassem a respeito do assunto, além de mapear como num estado da arte a produção acerca da temática na área. A partir de uma amostra de repertório, foi delineado e sugerido algumas estratégias e procedimentos vocais julgados necessários para a execução de cada peça.
Observations on growth rate and allometry in the seasonal predatory killifish Nothobranchius ocellatus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
Authors: WATTERS BRIAN R. , NAGY BÉLA
Published: August 2022

During the course of a taxonomic study involving Nothobranchius ocellatus, a fast-growing seasonal killifish of predatory behaviour, important morphometric differences were observed between the original measurements of the lost holotype and the neotype and additional available material of the species. In a laboratory study, the total length (TL) of selected specimens was measured from hatching and, during the sub-adult to sexually mature young adult phase, from 37 to 84 days age, subjected to an additional suite of detailed morphometric measurements. Growth rate was relatively rapid and linear at 1.3–1.4 mm/day through the first phase to sexual maturity at 7–8 weeks, followed by a marked flattening of the growth curve with, from 14 weeks, rates of only about 1.0 mm/week in males and 0.6 mm/week in females. Under captive conditions, maximum TL for adult male specimens ranged from 101 to 116 mm and 88 to 102 mm for females. Analyses of the morphometric character measurements made during the 37–84 day development phase showed allometric shape changes, primarily seen in body depth, head length and several other measures of head features, proportions of caudal peduncle, and length of fin bases. These changes are most prominently seen in males and changes in head proportions are important in relation to the predatory behaviour of the species. Morphometric differences between the immature holotype and the newly available material, including the neotype, are consistent with allometric shape variation, particularly in males of this species. Considering the seasonal life cycle common to all Nothobranchius species, and similar growth patterns, it is likely that allometric growth has broad relevance within the genus, suggesting it is a factor that should be taken into account in taxonomic endeavours, especially when the number of study specimens is limited.
miR-146 Relieves Acute Asthma via Decreasing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (EGFR/TLR4) and Enhancing Autophagy
Authors: Wang Wei , Han Qiuguo , Xu Xin , Wen Chen
Published: August 2022

There is a close relationship between acute asthma and autophagy. In addition, some studies claim that miR-146 can regulate autophagy and participate in acute asthma. This study further explores the role of miR-146 in acute asthma and underlying mechanism. Twenty BALB/c mice were selected
and randomly divided into two groups, the model group and the control group, each with 10 mice. Lung tissues, peripheral blood, alveolar lavage fluid, and primary lymphocytes were separated into miR-146 over expression group (miR-146 mimic), miR-146 low expression group (miR-146 inhibitor),
negative control group (NC), blank group, or SBI-0206965 group. Acute asthma was established and the expression levels of miR-146, EGFR, TLR4, LC3, beclin1, and ATG5 in each group was measured. The targeting relationship and correlation between miR-146 and EGFR were also investigated. The
expression of IL-4 in model group was increased compared to control arm while the expression of IFN-γ was opposite (P < 0.05). The expressions of miR-146, LC3, beclin1, and the expression of ATG5 were decreased (P < 0.05). The expressions of miR-146 gene and
LC3, beclin1, ATG5 mRNA and protein in the miR-146 mimic group were the highest, while the expressions of EGFR and TLR4 were the lowest. The SBI-0206965 group and the miR-146 inhibitor group are opposite to the miR-146 mimic group, the SBI-0206965 group and the miR-146 inhibitor group have
significant differences (P < 0.05). miR-146 has a directly targeted EGFR and TLR4, and both showed a negative correlation (rEGFR=−0.397, P = 0.013; rTLR4=−0.402, P = 0.021). During the onset of asthma, miR-146 was abnormally decreased. miR-146 directly targets
and negatively regulates EGFR. In addition, miR-146 down-regulates TLR4 gene to increase CD4+ lymphocytes’ aphagocytosis-related markers (LC3, beclin1, ATG5) which further promotes the autophagy process and ultimately alleviates the degree of acute asthma. Its main mechanism is related
to the down-regulation of the EGFR/TLR4 through regulated the expression of autophagy. Our study provided a scientific reference for further understanding of acute pathogenesis of asthma.
Appropriate Imaging for Geriatric Trauma
Authors: Pearcy Christopher , Grossman Verner Heather M. , Figueroa Brian A. , Burris Jennifer , Truitt Michael S. , Karpisek Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background

Trauma is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Early detection of life-threatening injuries leads to improved survival. Computed tomography (CT) scanning has become the modality of choice for early detection of injuries in the stable patient. Some studies have associated selective imaging (Selective-CT) with equivalent outcomes compared to whole body imaging (Pan-CT) with lower costs and radiation exposure. Within the geriatric population, however, the utility of Pan-CT remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if a difference exists between Selective-CT and Pan-CT imaging in the geriatric trauma patient.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of Level 3 (G60) trauma activations presenting to our urban Level I trauma center between June 2016 and June 2019 was performed. Pan-CT was defined by ICD-10 codes indicating a head, cervical spine, chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT series. Patients with missing images and those who were transferred from other institutions were excluded. Logistic regression controlling for age, gender, injury type, severity, and Glasgow Coma Score was performed.

Results

A total of 1014 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 30.9% underwent Pan-CT (n = 314), 48.9% had Selective-CT (n = 497), and 20.2% received no CT imaging (n = 203). After logistic regression, no clinically significant variations in emergency department length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, ICU LOS, ventilator days, discharge disposition, missed injury rate, or mortality rate were observed between imaging strategies.

Conclusions

Pan-CT provides no clinically significant advantage over Selective-CT in the geriatric trauma patient.
Perioperative Fluid Management in Surgical Patients: A Review
Authors: Cao Alex , Bellfi Lillian T. , Schoen Jonathan , Greiffenstein Patrick , Marr Alan B. , Stuke Lance , Hunt John P. , Pino Richard , Smith Alison
Published: August 2022

Intravenous (IV) fluids are one of the most widely prescribed medications. Despite their frequent usage, IV fluids are often not used appropriately. High-quality evidence to guide the surgeon in the perioperative period is sparse. A plethora of choices for IV fluids exists with limited evidence to help guide the surgeon in specific patient populations and situations. To address this, the authors have set out to provide a critical review of commonly used IV fluids to treat surgical patients. Gaps in the existing literature for the surgical population will also be discussed as potential target areas for future research.
Disparities in Drug-Eluting Stent Utilization in Patients With Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Bhasin Varun , Hiltner Emily , Singh Anjuli , Elsaid Ossama , Awasthi Ashish , Kassotis John , Sethi Ankur
Published: August 2022

The superiority of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) is well-established, but data regarding DES use in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as a function of race is limited. Our goal was to examine stent utilization patterns and disparities based on race, sex, and insurance status in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The National Inpatient Sample database was used to retrospectively compare DES vs BMS use in patients admitted with STEMI from 2009 to 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the independent predictors of DES use. DES utilization increased significantly from 62.8% in 2009 to 94.0% in 2018. However, African Americans were less likely to receive a DES (odds ratio [OR] .82, 95% confidence interval [CI] .77–.87) compared with Caucasians. Women were more likely to undergo DES implantation (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.10). Patients insured by Medicaid (OR .84, 95% CI .80–.89) and those classified as Self-pay (OR .63, 95% CI .61–.66) were less likely to undergo DES implantation compared to those with private insurance (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.29–1.38). Disparities based on race and insurance status continue to persist despite a significant increase in DES utilization in STEMI patients across the identified subgroups.
Primary Care Counseling of Parents Regarding Childhood Screen Media Use
Authors: Brown Jaime R. , Turley Christine B. , Jain Ruchika , O’Brien Beth , Arthur Natalie , Malhotra Neha , Hunt Kelly J. , Armstrong Bridget , Roberts James R.
Published: August 2022

Parental beliefs and motivation are instrumental in improving childhood digital media use (DMU). Parents (n = 611) completed questionnaires about childhood DMU assessing knowledge, interest in counseling, motivation to change, self-efficacy, and beliefs. Less than a third correctly recognized screen time limits. Twenty-seven percent received childhood DMU information from a doctor, while 46% stated they would like such information. Only 2% had a doctor-recommended DMU plan. Interest in DMU topics, motivation to improve, and management self-efficacy were moderate. Top negative beliefs were addiction to DMU (52%), sleep problems (39%), obesity (33%), social skills (33%), and inappropriate content (32%). Differences between age categories existed for social (48%, P = .01) and language (14%, P = .01) concerns (highest for toddlers), attention concerns (27%, P = .02; highest in preschoolers), and depression (13%, P < .001) and low self-esteem (8%, P = .04; highest in teens). Findings support further development of approaches to address DMU, tailored by age-specific common parental views.
Relative Robustness of CDMs and (M)IRT in Measuring Growth in Latent Skills
Authors: Huang Qi (Helen) , Bolt Daniel M.
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have demonstrated evidence of latent skill continuity even in tests intentionally designed for measurement of binary skills. In addition, the assumption of binary skills when continuity is present has been shown to potentially create a lack of invariance in item and latent ability parameters that may undermine applications. In this article, we examine measurement of growth as one such application, and consider multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) as a competing alternative. Motivated by prior findings concerning the effects of skill continuity, we study the relative robustness of cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) and (M)IRT models in the measurement of growth under both binary and continuous latent skill distributions. We find CDMs to be a less robust way of quantifying growth under misspecification, and subsequently provide a real-data example suggesting underestimation of growth as a likely consequence. It is suggested that researchers should regularly attend to the assumptions associated with the use of latent binary skills and consider (M)IRT as a potentially more robust alternative if unsure of their discrete nature.
Book review: V. Srinivas, India’s Relations with the International Monetary Fund: 25 Years in Perspective 1991–2016
Authors: Basu Rumki
Published: August 2022

V. Srinivas, India’s Relations with the International Monetary Fund: 25 Years in Perspective 1991–2016, New Delhi: Vij Books and Indian Council of World Affairs, XIV+260 pp., ₹995.00. ISBN: 978-93-88161-62-6