bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CENÁRIOS PARA INVESTIGAÇÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: EXPLORANDO O TEOREMA DO VALOR INTERMEDIÁRIO
Authors: Mazzi Lucas Carato , Moura Amanda Queiroz
Published: November 2020

A Matemática no Ensino Superior tende a ser ensinada de maneira tradicional, na qual o professor é o responsável por transmitir o conhecimento e os estudantes são apenas receptores, semresponsabilidade e sem participação em seu processo de aprendizagem. Visando explorar metodologias que contraponham este modelo de ensino, neste artigo, discutimos possibilidades detarefas investigativas acerca de conceitos matemáticos vistos nas disciplinas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral e Análise Matemática, em particular o Teorema do Valor Intermediário. Assim, apresentamose analisamos um exemplo de atividade desenvolvida a partir de construções com o software GeoGebra. Para tal, assumimos uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e, como lente teórica, aproposta de Cenários para Investigação, a qual traz como principal característica, a abertura para cooperação investigativa por meio do diálogo. Como resultados, concluímos que, de fato, é possívelenvolver estudantes do Ensino Superior em ambientes de aprendizagem investigativos, e ressaltamos a importância do software para a manutenção do diálogo, o qual dá suporte para a produção do conhecimento matemático.
CONCEITOS DE GEOMETRIA ESPACIAL DE POSIÇÃO: TRATAMENTOS FIGURAIS MOBILIZADOS POR FUTUROS PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Ferner Dienifer da Luz , Soares Maria Arlita da Silveira , Mariani Rita de Cássia Pistóia
Published: November 2020

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar a análise de como futuros professores de Matemática realizam tratamentos figurais suscitados durante a resolução de atividades envolvendo conceitos deGeometria Espacial de Posição. Para tal, recorreu-se a teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica, em particular, a necessidade de mobilizar e coordenar registros figural e da língua naturalna atividade cognitiva exigida pela Geometria. Foram consideradas transformações cognitivas (tratamento e conversão) e apreensões de uma figura (sequencial, perceptiva, discursiva e operatória).Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, seguindo pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo. Percebeu-se que as equipes mobilizaram as apreensões perceptiva, discursiva, sequencial, operatória mereológica e de posição. Sublinha-se que umas receberam maior destaque em relação a outras. Além de, frequentemente, não haver articulação entre elas. A apreensão perceptiva sobressaiu-se em relação as demais por ser mobilizada de forma imediata e automática e, por limitações na mobilização das apreensões operatória e discursiva. As modificações figurais (apreensão operatória) foram pouco evidenciadas nas resoluções das atividades. A desconstrução dimensional foi realizada durante todas as atividades propostas, visto a necessidade de reconhecer as unidades figurais para realizar as ações de argumentar, descrever ou até mesmo a de construir o objeto matemático solicitado. É possívelafirmar que o desenvolvimento das atividades contribuiu para uma mudança do modo de ver em Geometria.
COMPRENSIÓN DEL INTERVALO DE CONFIANZA: UN ESTUDIO COMPARADO CON ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS Y PREUNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Hierro Antonio Francisco Roldán López de , Batanero Carmen , Álvarez-Arroyo Rocío
Published: November 2020

Los intervalos de confianza se enseñan actualmente en España, tanto en los estudios preuniversitarios del Bachillerato de Ciencias Sociales como en la mayoría de grados universitarios, debido a su relevancia en la inferencia estadística. El objetivo de este estudio es el de comparar la comprensión mostrada por distintos tipos de estudiantes de las propiedades esenciales del intervalo de confianza, incluyendo la finalidad de la estimación y el efecto que sobre el intervalo tiene el cambio de la media, que no han sido tenidas en cuenta en la investigación previa. Para ello se analizan las respuestas de 58 estudiantes de Bachillerato, 57 de primer curso de Psicología y 37 de primer curso de Ingeniería a un cuestionario que consta de seis ítems de opción múltiple. Los resultados muestran la existencia de errores ya descritos en la investigación previa, relacionados con la interpretación de la definición del intervalo o de los factores que inciden en su amplitud. Además, se identifican nuevos errores asociados con la relación entre la media muestral y el intervalo, así como con la finalidad de la estimación por intervalos. Se informa de los errores que aparecen tanto con frecuencia similar en lostres grupos como de los que tienen más incidencia en uno de ellos con la finalidad de mejorar la enseñanza del tema.
Genetically Based Physiological Responses to Overwinter Starvation in Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio)
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Li Hongyan , Wu Liyun , Dong Bo , Jin Junyan , Han Dong , Zhu Xiaoming , Yang Yunxia , Liu Haokun , Xie Shouqi
Published: November 2020

Normally, fish will decrease food intake or even stop feeding during the winter. In previous studies, two widely cultured gibel carp strains (strain A and strain F) showed differences in lipid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that the physiological changes during the overwintering period would be different between the two strains. Thus, the two strains were starved for 77 days, after which the levels of glucose and lipid metabolism, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were determined. The starvation increased hepatic glycogenolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation but suppressed lipogenesis in both strains overwintering. Considering the effects of genotype, strain F had higher levels of ER stress and autophagy but lower levels of apoptosis than strain A, suggesting that strain F might be more resistant to overwintering starvation. The interactions between strains and starvation periods were observed in plasma triglyceride contents and the mRNA levels of pyruvate kinase (pk), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), activating transcription factor 4 (atf4), and autophagy protein 12 (atg12). In conclusion, long-term starvation during winter could induce hepatic glycogenolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation but suppress lipogenesis, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in gibel carp, and strain F may be more resistant to starvation during winter. Taken together, these results discovered the responses to prolonged starvation stress during winter in two strains of gibel carp and could provide information for genotype selection, especially for selecting strains better adapted to winter.
Algal Growth at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Suspended Solids: Implications for Microplastic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Gorokhova Elena , Ek Karin , Reichelt Sophia
Published: November 2020

Hazard assessment of microplastic is challenging because standard toxicity testing is targeting soluble (at least partially) chemicals. Adverse effects can occur when test organisms are exposed to turbid environments in the presence of various particulate matter (PM), both natural, such as clay and cellulose, and anthropogenic, such as microplastic. It is, therefore, relevant to compare responses to PM exposure between the microplastic and other suspended solids present at ecologically relevant concentrations. This comparison is possible when reference materials are included in the testing of microplastic hazard potential. Here, we evaluated growth inhibition in unicellular alga Raphidocelis subcapitata exposed to different PM (microplastic, kaolin, and cellulose; 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/L); algae without added solids were used as a control. Also, aggregate formation in the exposure systems was analyzed using particle size distribution (PSD) data. At 10–100 mg/L, no adverse growth effects were observed in any treatments; moreover, algal growth was significantly stimulated in kaolin and cellulose treatments compared to the control. However, at 1,000 mg/L, all tested materials exerted growth inhibition, with no significant differences among the materials. Comparing PSD s across the treatments showed that both PM concentration and size of the particle aggregates were significant growth predictors for all materials tested. Therefore, at high concentrations, both natural and anthropogenic materials have a similar capacity to cause growth inhibition. Linking effects in unicellular organisms to microplastic fragments remains a challenge since plastics incorporate chemicals that may leach and elicit specific effects relative to the particulates. The use of reference materials in hazard assessment of plastic litter is needed to delineate these effects.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of the HAK/KUP/KT Gene Family of Cotton in Fiber Development and Under Stresses
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhang Jingjing , Wu Aimin , Wei Hengling , Fu Xiaokang , Tian Miaomiao , Ma Liang , Lu Jianhua , Wang Hantao , Yu Shuxun
Published: November 2020

The potassium transporter family HAK/KUP/KT is a large group of proteins that are important in plant potassium transport and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, especially in economic crops. Although HAK/KUP/KT genes have been identified in many species, research on these genes in cotton is still quite rare. In this study, in total, 21, 24, 45, and 44 HAK/KUP/KT genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium hirsutum, and Gossypium barbadense, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were divided into four clusters. The G. hirsutum gene promoters contained diverse cis-regulatory elements, such as drought-responsive elements, low temperature-responsive elements, and other elements. The RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR results showed that HAK/KUP/KT genes had different expression patterns in fiber development. The qRT-PCR results of drought and NaCl treatment indicated that HAK/KUP/KT genes might play important roles in abiotic stress responses. These results will provide molecular insights into potassium transporter research in cotton.
Browsing Different Instagram Profiles and Associations With Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Burnell Kaitlyn , George Madeleine J. , Underwood Marion K.
Published: November 2020

Social networking sites (SNSs) may be transforming young people's social experiences, and browsing SNSs in particular may harm psychological well-being. However, browsing different types of SNS profiles may differentially relate to psychological well-being. In a large and ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults (N = 405), this experimental study examined changes in state affect and self-perceptions after browsing one of three different types of profiles on Instagram: an acquaintance, an influencer, or one's own profile. Moreover, this study investigated how individual characteristics may moderate relations between browsing and well-being, by exploring feedback seeking behaviors and the fear of missing out. Browsing one's own Instagram profile led to positive changes in psychological well-being, whereas browsing the profile of either an acquaintance or an Instagram influencer led to negative changes in psychological well-being. Many observed effects, especially those found for the acquaintance and influencer conditions, were moderated by participants' dispositional levels of the fear of missing out and feedback seeking, in which effects were primarily observed for those higher in these characteristics. Findings suggest that SNSs may have positive or negative effects on well-being depending on who is online and what those individuals are browsing.
Computational Modeling of NLRP3 Identifies Enhanced ATP Binding and Multimerization in Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes
Authors: Samson Jenny Mae , Ravindran Menon Dinoop , Vaddi Prasanna K. , Kalani Williams Nazanin , Domenico Joanne , Zhai Zili , Backos Donald S. , Fujita Mayumi
Published: November 2020

Cyropyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are clinically distinct syndromes that encompass a phenotypic spectrum yet are caused by alterations in the same gene,NLRP3.Many CAPS cases and otherNLRP3-autoinflammatory diseases (NLRP3-AIDs) are directly attributed to protein-coding alterations inNLRP3and the subsequent dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to IL-1β-mediated inflammatory states. Here, we used bioinformatics tools, computational modeling, and computational assessments to explore the proteomic consequences ofNLRP3mutations, which potentially drive NLRP3 inflammasome dysregulation. We analyzed 177 mutations derived from familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), and the non-hereditary chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome, also known as neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (CINCA/NOMID), as well as otherNLRP3-AIDs. We found an inverse relationship between clinical severity and the severity of predicted structure changes resulting from mutations inNLRP3. Bioinformatics tools and computational modeling revealed that NLRP3 mutations that are predicted to be structurally severely-disruptive localize around the ATP binding pocket and that specific proteo-structural changes to the ATP binding pocket lead to enhanced ATP binding affinity by altering hydrogen-bond and charge interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 mutations that are predicted to be structurally mildly- or moderately-disruptive affect protein-protein interactions, such as NLRP3-ASC binding and NLRP3-NLRP3 multimerization, enhancing inflammasome formation and complex stability. Taken together, we provide evidence that proteo-structural mechanisms can explain multiple mechanisms of inflammasome activation inNLRP3-AID.
The Complexity of Microglial Interactions With Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wyatt-Johnson Season K. , Brutkiewicz Randy R.
Published: November 2020

In the naïve mouse brain, microglia and astrocytes are the most abundant immune cells; however, there is a complexity of other immune cells present including monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytic cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is high inflammation, reactive microglia, and astrocytes, leaky blood–brain barrier, the buildup of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles which attract infiltrating peripheral immune cells that are interacting with the resident microglia. Limited studies have analyzed how these infiltrating immune cells contribute to the neuropathology of AD and even fewer have analyzed their interactions with the resident microglia. Understanding the complexity and dynamics of how these immune cells interact in AD will be important for identifying new and novel therapeutic targets. Thus, this review will focus on discussing our current understanding of how macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, T cells, and B cells, alongside astrocytes, are altered in AD and what this means for the disorder, as well as how these cells are affected relative to the resident microglia.
CD8+ T Cell Co-Expressed Genes Correlate With Clinical Phenotype and Microenvironments of Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Wang Yutao , Yan Kexin , Lin Jiaxing , Liu Yang , Wang Jianfeng , Li Xuejie , Li Xinxin , Hua Zhixiong , Zheng Zhenhua , Shi Jianxiu , Sun Siqing , Bi Jianbin
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To identify immune-related co-expressed genes that promote CD8+T cell infiltration in bladder cancer, and to explore the interactions among relevant genes in the tumor microenvironment.

Method

We obtained bladder cancer gene matrix and clinical information data from TCGA, GSE32894 and GSE48075. The “estimate” package was used to calculate tumor purity and immune score. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess CD8+T cell proportions. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify the co-expression modules with CD8+T cell proportions and bladder tumor purity. Subsequently, we performed correlation analysis among angiogenesis factors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immune inflammatory responses, and CD8+T cell related genes in tumor microenvironment.

Results

A CD8+T cell related co-expression network was identified. Eight co-expressed genes (PSMB8,PSMB9,PSMB10,PSME2,TAP1,IRF1,FBOX6,ETV7) were identified as CD8+T cell-related genes that promoted infiltration of CD8+T cells, and were enriched in the MHC class I tumor antigen presentation process. The proteins level encoded by these genes (PSMB10,PSMB9,PSMB8,TAP1,IRF1, andFBXO6) were lower in the high clinical grade patients, which suggested the clinical phenotype correlation both in mRNA and protein levels. These factors negatively correlated with angiogenesis factors and positively correlated with angiogenesis inhibitors. PD-1 and PD-L1 positively correlated with these genes which suggested PD-1 expression level positively correlated with the biological process composed by these co-expression genes. In the high expression group of these genes, inflammation and immune response were more intense, and the tumor purity was lower, suggesting that these genes were immune protective factors that improved the prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.

Conclusion

These co-expressed genes promote high levels of infiltration of CD8+T cells in an immunoproteasome process involved in MHC class I molecules. The mechanism might provide new pathways for treatment of patients who are insensitive to PD-1 immunotherapy due to low degrees of CD8+T cell infiltration.
Synthesis of Recommendations From 25 Countries and 31 Oncology Societies: How to Navigate Through Covid-19 Labyrinth
Authors: Kamposioras Konstantinos , Mauri Davide , Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Anthoney Alan , Hindi Nadia , Petricevic Branka , Dambrosio Mario , Valachis Antonis , Kountourakis Pantelis , Kopecky Jindrich , Kuhar Cvetka Grašič , Popovic Lazar , Chilingirova Nataliya P. , Zarkavelis George , de Mello Ramon Andrade , Plavetić Natalija Dedić , Christopoulos Christos , Mostert Bianca , Goffin John R. , Tzachanis Dimitiros , Saraireh Haytham Hamed , Ma Fei , Pavese Ida , Tolia Maria
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Pandemic COVID-19 is an unexpected challenge for the oncological community, indicating potential detrimental effects on cancer patients. Our aim was to summarize the converging key points providing a general guidance in order to support decision making, pertaining to the oncologic care in the middle of a global outbreak.

Methods

We did an international online search in twenty five countries that have managed a surge in cancer patient numbers. We collected the recommendations from thirty one medical oncology societies.

Results

By synthesizing guidelines for a) oncology service delivery adjustments, b) general and specific treatment adaptations, and c) discrepancies from guidelines comparison, we present a clinical synopsis with the forty more crucial statements. A Covid-19 risk stratification base was also created in order to obtain a quick, objective patient assessment and a risk-benefit evaluation on a case-by-case basis.

Conclusions

In an attempt to face these complex needs and due to limited understanding of COVID-19, a variability of recommendations based on general epidemiological and infectious disease principles rather than definite cancer-related evidence has evolved. Additionally, the absence of an effective treatment or vaccine requires the development of cancer management guidance, capitalizing on comprehensive COVID-19 oncology experience globally.
Case Report: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With a Rare Translocation t(14;19)(q32;q13) Involving IGH/BCL3 Rearrangements: Report of Three Chinese Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Li Qinlu , Xing Shugang , Zhang Heng , Mao Xia , Xiao Min , Wei Jia , Wang Ying
Published: November 2020

Background

A translocation t(14;19)(q32;q13) leading to a fusion of IGH and BCL3 which is a rare cytogenetic abnormality in CLL patients, has a more aggressive clinical course with a shorter time to first treatment (TTT) and worse overall survival (OS). To date, there is no literature reporting the identification of the t(14;19) in Chinese CLL patients and the reviewing the characteristic of all patients with this abnormality reported previously in the literature.

Patients and Methods

We first demonstrate three cases of t(14;19) translocation among the 200 CLL patients from 2017 to 2019 in our hospital. We investigated several aspects such as clinicopathologic features, cytogenetic analysis, IGHV mutations, next-generation sequencing technology (NGS), and histopathological characteristics in order to clearly define the features of this entity in Chinese patients and compare them with patients reported previously in western countries.

Results

The clinical and pathological features of our three cases resemble those of earlier reports. All patients had atypical morphologic features and atypical immunophenotypes with low CLL scores detected by flow cytometry. All cases were unmutated in the IGHV mutations. Two cases showed complex karyotype and one case demonstrate missense mutations of TP53 and FBXW7.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this is the first report on IGH/BCL3-positive B-CLLs in Chinese people, which provided a comprehensive analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics. In addition to some similar clinical and laboratory features reported in the previous literature, we first found that CLL with t(14;19) has a higher possibility of being accompanied with high complex karyotype (high-CK), which is now regarded as a novel negative prognostic marker. Early identification of this abnormality in CLL patients is so important that patients can benefit from the more aggressive treatments at the onset of the disease.
An Elusive Prize: Transcutaneous Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) Monitoring of the Liver
Authors: Guyon Peter W. , Karamlou Tara , Ratnayaka Kanishka , El-Said Howaida G. , Moore John W. , Rao Rohit P.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: We postulate a relationship between a transcutaneous hepatic NIRS measurement and a directly obtained hepatic vein saturation. If true, hepatic NIRS monitoring (in conjunction with the current dual-site cerebral-renal NIRS paradigm) might increase the sensitivity for detecting shock since regional oxygen delivery changes in the splanchnic circulation before the kidney or brain. We explored a reliable technique for hepatic NIRS monitoring as a prelude to rigorously testing this hypothesis. This proof-of-concept study aimed to validate hepatic NIRS monitoring by comparing hepatic NIRS measurements to direct hepatic vein samples obtained during cardiac catheterization.

Method: IRB-approved prospective pilot study of hepatic NIRS monitoring involving 10 patients without liver disease who were already undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. We placed a NIRS monitor on the skin overlying liver during catheterization. Direct measurement of hepatic vein oxygen saturation during the case compared with simultaneous hepatic NIRS measurement.

Results: There was no correlation between the Hepatic NIRS values and the directly measured hepatic vein saturation (R = −0.035; P = 0.9238). However, the Hepatic NIRS values correlated with the cardiac output (R = 0.808; P = 0.0047), the systolic arterial blood pressure (R = 0.739; P = 0.0146), and the diastolic arterial blood pressure (R = 0.7548; P = 0.0116).

Conclusions: Using the technique described, hepatic NIRS does not correlate well with the hepatic vein saturation. Further optimization of the technique might provide a better measurement. Hepatic NIRS does correlate with cardiac output and thus may still provide a valuable additional piece of hemodynamic information when combined with other non-invasive monitoring.
The Association for Human Pharmacology in the Pharmaceutical Industry London Meeting October 2019: Impending Change, Innovation, and Future Challenges
Authors: Khan Shahzadgai , Albayaty Muna , Bush James , Cheriyan Joseph , Cromie Anthea , Koch Annelize , Hammond Michael , Mair Stuart , Lorch Ulrike , Stringer Steffan , Taubel Jorg , Hardman Timothy C.
Published: November 2020

The Association for Human Pharmacology in the Pharmaceutical Industry (AHPPI) annual meeting focused on impending change, innovation, and future challenges facing early phase drug development as we move into the second decade of the 21th century. The meeting opened with discussion around the technical revolution in pharmaceutical medicine over the 4 decades since the AHPPI was founded and how transformative technologies have accompanied the introduction of processes such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. During the meeting examples were presented of how in terms of the development of new therapies, the classic phases of clinical drug development are becoming a thing of the past and the lines between the phases have begun to blur, particularly in the field of oncology. The contribution that monoclonal antibodies have made to medicine and the next chapter in their design and use was also discussed. A representative of the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency discussed the increasing numbers of requests to approve complex innovative design trials, how novel trial designs are impacting on the traditional linear “phase” approach to drug development and the common pitfalls associated with them. Guidance was provided from a regulator’s viewpoint on what was meant by the term “novel design” and how to submit successful trial applications for such complex trials. In an Oxford-style debate, the audience discussed the motion that “there is no longer a need to include placebo subjects in early clinical trials.” The keynote speaker focused on delivering change in complex environments such as the field of drug development. The afternoon session included presentations on the challenges associated with drug product design, the complexities within non-oral dosage forms and proposed new methods of formulations for drug delivery. Presentations were also given on advances in mechanistic and computational pharmacokinetic modeling and how they have proved to be valuable tools to rationalize and facilitate the process of drug development.
Apelin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation via TGF-β1/Smad2/α-SMA Pathway
Authors: Lv Wenkui , Zhang Ling , Cheng Xinchun , Wang Hongli , Qin Wen , Zhou Xianhui , Tang Baopeng
Published: November 2020

Background

Angiotensin II (Ang II) could promote the development of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). Apelin can inhibit the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis. However, the effect of apelin on Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF still remains unknown.

Objective

In the present study, we examined the effect of apelin on the suppression of atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF, and investigated its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 2 weeks with Ang II (1080 μg/kg/24 h) and apelin-13 (140 μg/kg/24 h) using implantable mini-pumps. The incidence of AF induced by atrial pacing was determined. Atrial electrophysiological mapping was recorded by a 32-electrode microelectrode array. Blood was collected to measure the levels of Ang II and apelin. Atrial tissue samples were preserved to assess the pathohistological changes, DDR2 and α-SMA co-staining were performed, and the protein expression of Smad2 phosphorylation was evaluated.

Results

Apelin significantly inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis (HE:1.45 ± 0.11 vs 6.12 ± 0.16, P < 0.001; Masson:1.49 ± 0.25 vs 8.15 ± 0.23, P < 0.001; Picrosirius Red:1.98 ± 0.64 vs 9.59 ± 0.56, P < 0.001, respectively) and decreased the vulnerability of AF (inducibility of AF: z = −4.40, P < 0.001; total AF duration: z = −4.349, P < 0.001). Left atrial epicardial mapping studies demonstrated preservation of atrial conduction homogeneity by apelin. The protective effects of apelin from fibrotic remodeling were mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent fibrosis.

Conclusion

Apelin potently inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis and subsequent vulnerability to AF induction via suppression TGF-β/Smad2/α-SMA pathway. Our results indicated that apelin might be an effective up-stream therapy for atrial fibrosis and AF.
Positive and Negative Experiences of Living in COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Italian Adolescents’ Narratives
Authors: Fioretti Chiara , Palladino Benedetta Emanuela , Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Despite a growing interest in the field, scarce narrative studies have delved into adolescents’ psychological experiences related to global emergencies caused by infective diseases. The present study aims to investigate adolescents’ narratives on positive and negative experiences related to COVID-19.

Methods

Italian adolescents, 2,758 (females = 74.8%, mean age = 16.64, SD = 1.43), completed two narrative tasks on their most negative and positive experiences during the COVID-19 emergency. Data were analyzed by modeling an analysis of emergent themes.

Results

“Staying home as a limitation of autonomy,” “School as an educational, not relational environment,” the impact of a “new life routine,” and experiencing “anguish and loss” are the four emergent themes for negative experiences. As for positive experiences, the four themes were “Being part of an extraordinary experience,” “Discovering oneself,” “Re-discovering family,” and “Sharing life at a distance.”

Conclusion

Authors discuss the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents’ developmental tasks, such as identity processes and autonomy acquisition.
Effects of Dietary Zearalenone Exposure on the Growth Performance, Small Intestine Disaccharidase, and Antioxidant Activities of Weaned Gilts
Authors: Liu Xinglin , Xu Chang , Yang Zaibin , Yang Weiren , Huang Libo , Wang Shujing , Liu Faxiao , Liu Mei , Wang Yuxi , Jiang Shuzhen
Published: November 2020

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary metabolite with estrogenic effects produced by Fusarium fungi and mainly occurs as a contaminant of grains such as corn and wheat. ZEA, to which weaned gilts are extremely sensitive, is the main Fusarium toxin detected in corn–soybean meal diets. Our aim was to examine the effects of ZEA on the growth performance, intestinal disaccharidase activity, and anti-stress capacity of weaned gilts. Twenty 42-day-old healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned gilts (12.84 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly divided into control and treatment (diet containing 1.04 mg/kg ZEA) groups. The experiment included a 7-day pre-trial period followed by a 35-day test period, all gilts were euthanized and small intestinal samples were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. The results revealed that inclusion of 1.04 mg/kg ZEA in the diet significantly reduced the activities of lactase, sucrase, and maltase in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of gilts. Similarly, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and activities of catalase in the jejunum and ileum were reduced (p < 0.05). Conversely, the content of malondialdehyde in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and the integrated optical density (IOD), IOD in single villi, and the mRNA and protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the positive reaction of Hsp70 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of weaned gilts was enhanced in the ZEA treatment, compared with the control. The findings of this study indicate the inclusion of ZEA (1.04 mg/kg) in the diet of gilts reduced the activity of disaccharidase enzymes and induced oxidative stress in the small intestine, thereby indicating that ZEA would have the effect of reducing nutrient absorption in these animals.
Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment Models and Database System for Animal-Derived Pathogens
Authors: Li Xinxing , Liang Buwen , Xu Ding , Wu Congming , Li Jianping , Zheng Yongjun
Published: November 2020

(1) Background: The high use of antibiotics has made the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increasingly serious, which poses a substantial threat to the health of animals and humans. However, there remains a certain gap in the AMR system and risk assessment models between China and the advanced world level. Therefore, this paper aims to provide advanced means for the monitoring of antibiotic use and AMR data, and take piglets as an example to evaluate the risk and highlight the seriousness of AMR in China. (2) Methods: Based on the principal component analysis method, a drug resistance index model of anti-E. coli drugs was established to evaluate the antibiotic risk status in China. Additionally, based on the second-order Monte Carlo methods, a disease risk assessment model for piglets was established to predict the probability of E. coli disease within 30 days of taking florfenicol. Finally, a browser/server architecture-based visualization database system for animal-derived pathogens was developed. (3) Results: The risk of E. coli in the main area was assessed and Hohhot was the highest risk area in China. Compared with the true disease risk probability of 4.1%, the result of the disease risk assessment model is 7.174%, and the absolute error was 3.074%. Conclusions: Taking E. coli as an example, this paper provides an innovative method for rapid and accurate risk assessment of drug resistance. Additionally, the established system and assessment models have potential value for the monitoring and evaluating AMR, highlight the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance, advocate the prudent use of antibiotics, and ensure the safety of animal-derived foods and human health.
Evaluation of the Structural Performance of a Novel Methodology for Connecting Modular Units Using Straight and Cross-Shaped Connector Plates in Modular Buildings
Authors: Lee Sang-Sup , Park Keum-Sung , Jung Ju-Seong , Lee Kang-Seok
Published: November 2020

The strength capacity of modular buildings is determined by the weakest part, and connections between modular units are often weaker than the modular units themselves. Thus, to verify the safety of modular structures, the structural performance of connections between modular units should be evaluated; the practical suitability of connection methods under a range of construction conditions should also be determined. In conventional modular building structures, modular units are generally connected using bolts between connector plates, interlocking devices, or steel plate welding. However, current methods are not technically or practically suitable for all types of modular buildings, such as high-rise modular buildings. Here, we describe a novel technology for connecting modular units to ensure the safety of modular structures. In this study, straight and cross-shaped metal connectors that use rectangular tubular columns and channel beams were proposed for connecting modules. Their structural performance was evaluated through cyclic loading tests by controlling the story drift angle in the width and longitudinal directions. The experimental results demonstrated that all specimens exhibited relatively stable behavior up to a drift angle of 0.04 rad, and there was a superior response in terms of energy absorption capability in the longitudinal direction results compared to the width direction. However, in comparison to the cross-shaped connector plate, the stiffness of the straight connector plate decreased as the drift angle of the column increased.
A False Negative Study of the Steganalysis Tool Stegdetect
Authors: Aziz Benjamin , Jung Jeyong , Lee Julak , Chun Yong-Tae
Published: November 2020

In this study, we evaluated one of the modern automated steganalysis tools, Stegdetect, to study its false negative rates when analysing a bulk of images. In so doing, we used JPHide method to embed a randomly generated messages into 2000 JPEG images. The aim of this study is to help digital forensics analysts during their investigations by means of providing an idea of the false negative rates of Stegdetect. This study found that (1) the false negative rates depended largely on the tool’s sensitivity values, (2) the tool had a high false negative rate between the sensitivity values from 0.1 to 3.4 and (3) the best sensitivity value for detection of JPHide method was 6.2. It is therefore recommended that when analysing a huge bulk of images forensic analysts need to take into consideration sensitivity values to reduce the false negative rates of Stegdetect.
Selection Strategy of Vibration Feature Target under Centrifugal Pumps Cavitation
Authors: Cao Ruijia , Yuan Jianping
Published: November 2020

The cavitation states among centrifugal pumps can be mirrored by corresponding vibration features. To select the vibration feature target scientifically and objectively for monitor the cavitation states in real time, the analysis method of grey slope correlation with weight entropy was proposed in this paper to explore the relevance between cavitation and vibration features. Thus, the net positive suction head (NPSH) and vibration signal from centrifugal pumps under multiple operation conditions were captured. Moreover, the universal feature targets were extracted from the vibration signal. The grey slope correlation method was applied in the analysis of the positive and negative relevance between NPSH and the multiple operation conditions in a different stage. These feature targets are transformed into the same numerical scale by standardization process. In the end, the final comprehensive coefficient can be attached after endowing power by weight entropy method. These methods can be used to determine the feature targets which have intensive relevance with NPSH. The analysis results indicate that the kurtosis factor, variance, absolute mean, and root mean square obtained from the vibration acceleration signal have stable relevance with NPSH. These feature targets can be used for the proper detection and evaluation of cavitation states in centrifugal pumps. Therefore, the analysis method of grey slope correlation with weight entropy can be used to pre-select the feature targets based on the calculated grey incidence. This method is effective in establishing the relevance between NPSH and vibration.
Free Vibration Analysis of a Thermally Loaded Porous Functionally Graded Rotor–Bearing System
Authors: Sathujoda Prabhakar , Batchu Aneesh , Obalareddy Bharath , Canale Giacomo , Maligno Angelo , Citarella Roberto
Published: November 2020

The present work deals with natural and whirl frequency analysis of a porous functionally graded (FG) rotor–bearing system using the finite element method (FEM). Stiffness, mass and gyroscopic matrices are derived for porous and non-porous FG shafts by developing a novel two-noded porous FG shaft element using Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), considering the effects of translational inertia, rotatory inertia, gyroscopic moments and shear deformation. A functionally graded shaft whose inner core is comprised of stainless steel (SS) and an outer layer made of ceramic (ZrO2) is considered. The effects of porosity on the volume fractions and the material properties are modelled using a porosity index. The non-linear temperature distribution (NLTD) method based on the Fourier law of heat conduction is used for the temperature distribution in the radial direction. The natural and whirl frequencies of the porous and non-porous FG rotor systems have been computed for different power law indices, volume fractions of porosity and thermal gradients to investigate the influence of porosity on fundamental frequencies. It has been found that the power law index, volume fraction of porosity and thermal gradient have a significant influence on the natural and whirl frequencies of the FG rotor–bearing system.
Measuring Anticipated and Episodic UX of Tasks in Social Networks
Authors: Sánchez-Adame Luis Martín , Urquiza-Yllescas José Fidel , Mendoza Sonia
Published: November 2020

Today, social networks are crucial commodities that allow people to share different contents and opinions. In addition to participation, the information shared within social networks makes them attractive, but success is also accompanied by a positive User eXperience (UX). Social networks must offer useful and well-designed user-tools, i.e., sets of widgets that allow interaction among users. To satisfy this requirement, Episodic User eXperience (EUX) yields reactions of users after having interacted with an artifact. Anticipated User eXperience (AUX) grants the designers the capacity to recollect users’ aspirations, assumptions, and needs in the initial development phase of an artifact. In this work, we collect UX perceived in both periods to contrast user expectations and experiences offered on social networks, in order to find elements that could improve the design of user-tools. We arrange a test where participants (N=20) designed prototypes on paper to solve tasks and then did the same tasks on online social networks. Both stages are assessed with the help of AttrakDiff, and then we analyze the results through t-tests. The results we obtained suggest that users are inclined towards pragmatic aspects of their user-tools expectations.
Elbow Extensors and Volar Flexors Strength Capacity and Its Relation to Shooting Performance in Basketball Players—A Pilot Study
Authors: Smajla Darjan , Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon Nejc
Published: November 2020

Rate of force/torque development scaling factor (RFD-SF/RTD-SF) has been used as a tool for assessing neuromuscular quickness. The aim was to investigate strength capacities of two major shooting muscle groups and their relationship to basketball shooting performance, and to compare the RFD-SF as well as shooting performance between junior and senior basketball players, and finally to examine the differences in RTD-SF between elbow extensors and volar flexors. In 23 male basketball players (13 juniors and 10 seniors) we assessed maximal isometric torque (TMVC), maximal rate of torque development and RTD-SF slope (kRTD-SF) for elbow extensors and volar flexors. The subjects performed 10 throws at 2.3 m (short) and 8.9 m (long) from the basket. Our results showed similar kRTD-SF and TMVC in both groups. Better shooting performance from short distance was observed in senior players. Significant associations between kRTD-SF, TMVC and shooting performance were found only in juniors. Elbow extensors TMVC was found to have a significant positive large association with shooting performance from long distance. It seems that muscle capacity has an important role in shooting performance in junior compared to players. Sufficient strength capacity of major shooting muscles is important for juniors’ shooting performance from a long distance.
Thicknesses/Roughness Relationship in Mg-Al-Mg and Mg-Ti-Mg Hybrid Component Plates for Drilled Aeronautical Lightweight Parts
Authors: Blanco David , Rubio Eva María , Sáenz de Pipaón José Manuel , Marín Marta María
Published: November 2020

Multimaterial hybrid compounds formed from lightweight structural materials have been acquiring great importance in recent years in the aeronautical and automotive sectors, where they are replacing traditional materials to reduce the mass of vehicles; this will enable either an increase in the action ratio or a reduction in the fuel consumption of vehicles and, in short, will lead to savings in transport costs and a reduction in polluting emissions. Besides, the implementation of production and consumption models based on the circular economy is becoming more and more important, where the repair and, for this purpose, the use of recyclable materials, is crucial. In this context, the analysis of a repair process is carried out by re-drilling Mg-Al-Mg multimaterial components using experimental design (DoE) based on Taguchi methodology, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics. The study concludes which are the significant factors and interactions of the process, comparing the results with previous similar studies, and establishing bases to determine the optimum thicknesses of hybrid magnesium-based component plates of drilled parts in the aeronautical industry, guaranteeing surface roughness requirements in repair and maintenance operations throughout their lifetime.
Environmental Impacts of Cement Production: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Durastanti Claudio , Moretti Laura
Published: November 2020

The attention to environmental impacts of cement production has grown fast in recent decades. The cement industry is a significant greenhouse gases emitter mainly due to the calcinations of raw materials and the combustions of fuels. This paper investigates on the environmental performances of cement production and on the identification of factors driving emissions. For this purpose, a sample of 193 different recipes of gray cement produced in Italy from 2014 to 2019 according to the European standard EN 197-1. This paper identifies the consumption impact categories (e.g., fossil fuels, renewable and non-renewable secondary fuels) that explain the assessment of the Global Warming Potential, one of the most crucial impacts of cement production. Having regard to the overall examined dataset and each cement type, a set of predictive models is implemented and evaluated. A similar approach has been adopted to produce accurate predictive models for further environmental impact categories that quantify emissions to air. The obtained results provide important information that can support cement producers to develop low-impacting cement recipes.
Concentration- and pH-Dependent Oligomerization of the Thrombin-Derived C-Terminal Peptide TCP-25
Authors: Petruk Ganna , Petrlova Jitka , Samsudin Firdaus , Giudice Rita Del , Bond Peter J. , Schmidtchen Artur
Published: November 2020

Peptide oligomerization dynamics affects peptide structure, activity, and pharmacodynamic properties. The thrombin C-terminal peptide, TCP-25 (GKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE), is currently in preclinical development for improved wound healing and infection prevention. It exhibits turbidity when formulated at pH 7.4, particularly at concentrations of 0.3 mM or more. We used biochemical and biophysical approaches to explore whether the peptide self-associates and forms oligomers. The peptide showed a dose-dependent increase in turbidity as well as α-helical structure at pH 7.4, a phenomenon not observed at pH 5.0. By analyzing the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, we demonstrate that TCP-25 is more stable at high concentrations (0.3 mM) when exposed to high temperatures or a high concentration of denaturant agents, which is compatible with oligomer formation. The denaturation process was reversible above 100 µM of peptide. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated that TCP-25 oligomerization is sensitive to changes in pH, time, and temperature. Computational modeling with an active 18-mer region of TCP-25 showed that the peptide can form pH-dependent higher-order end-to-end oligomers and micelle-like structures, which is in agreement with the experimental data. Thus, TCP-25 exhibits pH- and temperature-dependent dynamic changes involving helical induction and reversible oligomerization, which explains the observed turbidity of the pharmacologically developed formulation.