bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram for Airplane Traffic: Empirical Findings
Authors: Knoop Victor L. , Ellerbroek Joost , ter Heide Mark , Hoogendoorn Serge
Published: August 2024

For car traffic it was found that a more crowded area leads to a lower speed and a lower arrival rate. The relation between crowdedness and speed (or arrival rate) can be expressed in a network fundamental diagram, or macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Similar concepts have been shown for pedestrian and train traffic. In this paper, we extend the concept to three spatial dimensions. While simulations have explored some concepts, we present for the first time empirical results of the relation between the crowdedness in the air and the performance of the “network.” We base our results on several months of data of airplanes around Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Similar to car traffic, we observe a reduction in speeds as the number of airplanes in the area increases. However, even at the highest observed densities, we do not see a reduction in flows. This is because of active and intensive management (based on departure/landing possibilities), comparable to perimeter control in traffic, as well as a minimum airplane speed. This paper introduces an interesting concept of applying a MFD to three-dimensional (3D) spaces. We also show to what extent the performance reduction is caused by speed reduction and to what extent it is caused by less efficient routes. The MFD concept can eventually be used to also manage 3D airspaces for applications with less strict microscopic air traffic management than the current management around airports.
Association Patterns of Work Zone Crashes using Bayesian Network
Authors: Das Subasish , Rahman M. Ashifur , Liu Jinli , Ye Xinyue , Kutela Boniphace
Published: August 2024

Ensuring the safety of work zones is a top priority for transportation agencies because of the dangers posed by vehicles changing lanes and paths within these areas. Recent statistics highlight the seriousness of this issue, showing a shocking 46% increase in fatal collisions within work zones in 2019 compared with 2011. Therefore, this study examined crashes related to intrusions or encroachments in work zones to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Analyzing four years of crash data (2016–2019) from the Texas Department of Transportation, this research utilized Bayesian network to identify crucial factors, their relationships, and potential alternative scenarios. The severity of injuries in work zone intrusion accidents was significantly influenced by male drivers, curved roads, and specific patterns of driver distraction and condition. The study revealed three distinct scenarios with complete probability of specific attributes: (1) crashes on rural non-principal arterial roads; (2) collisions with non-barrier fixed objects; and (3) non-injury crashes involving non-barrier fixed objects and driving violations. The detailed findings from this study can provide valuable insights for safety engineers, enabling them to reduce work zone crashes caused by encroachments. By comprehending the key factors and their effects, transportation agencies can implement effective measures to lessen the risks associated with work zone encroachments, ultimately creating a safer environment for both drivers and road workers.
How Plans Prepare for Future Uncertainty: Integrating Land Change Modeling and the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™
Authors: Kim Youjung , Newman Galen , Berke Philip , Lee Jaekyung , Malecha Matthew , Yu Siyu
Published: August 2024

This study integrates Land Change Modeling with the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™ methodology to assess coastal communities’ preparedness for uncertain future urban growth and flood hazards. Findings indicate that, under static climate conditions, the network of plans in Tampa is well prepared across all urban growth scenarios, but less so in the face of a changing climate. Specifically, scenario outputs that consider climate change suggest the need for more resilient growth to reduce flood vulnerability compared with the current land use plan. Notably, some existing policies are likely to lead to counterproductive outcomes in a future with more extensive flooding.
Fabrication of l-proline enriched alginate dialdehyde-gelatin hydrogel thin films for efficient wound healing applications
Authors: Rumaisa Fathima , Chandran Akash , Saraswathy Mini
Published: August 2024

Hydrogel-based wound management systems represent a promising avenue in tissue engineering for restoring and preserving the normal functionality of damaged tissues. Incorporating active components into hydrogel matrices enhances their suitability for biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated the integration of l-proline, a nonessential imino acid with largely unexplored roles in living systems, into alginate dialdehyde-gelatin hydrogel for wound healing purposes. Physicochemical properties of the resulting hydrogel film, termed ADAGLP, were meticulously evaluated, including wound healing efficacy in vitro and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis provided insights into the interaction between l-proline and ADAG. Films incorporating 0.5% l-proline were selected for comprehensive investigation. Comparative analysis revealed prolonged gelation time and increased water holding capacity of ADAGLP compared to ADAG films. Moreover, ADAGLP exhibited a significantly higher degradation rate (69.5 ± 3.2%) compared to ADAG (35.2 ± 1.6%). Remarkably, ADAGLP demonstrated cyto-compatibility, non-toxicity, and facilitated migration to the scratch area in vitro conditions. Notably, it exhibited potent anti-biofilm properties. Our findings suggest that ADAGLP hydrogel holds promise as a biomaterial for wound care, offering prolonged drug delivery and maintaining optimal moisture levels in wound areas. The incorporation of l-proline in the wound microenvironment may contribute to enhanced tissue remodeling, by inhibiting biofilm formation, further highlighting the potential of this hydrogel system in wound healing applications.
Economic Inequality, Life Expectancy, and Interpersonal Violence in London Neighborhoods
Authors: McLaughlin Jaye Lee , Pound Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Positive associations between levels of socioeconomic inequality and homicide rates have been reported at various geographical levels (e.g., between countries, states, cities, and neighborhoods within a city). However, the extent to which inequality predicts levels of non-lethal violence has been less frequently studied. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic inequality and levels of non-lethal interpersonal violence across neighborhoods of London during the period 2010 to 2012, using two independent data sources: Metropolitan Police service recorded violent crime and London Ambulance Service recorded assaults. Mean income per person and local life expectancy were included as additional predictors. Following exclusions due to census boundary changes, across 533 London wards, there were positive bivariate associations between both violence measures and a measure of inequality between neighborhoods (census lower layer super output areas [LSOAs]) within a ward. Moreover, there were negative bivariate associations between violence rates and both ward mean income and life expectancy measures for males and females. However, in a regression analysis only inequality and male life expectancy were consistent predictors of rates of interpersonal violence across outcome measures. The results of the present study provide further evidence of an association between levels of economic inequality and rates of interpersonal violence. The findings, for variation in rates of non-lethal violence across small geographical areas (neighborhoods), build on previous research that has mostly focused on rates of lethal violence and has tended to use aggregate measures across larger geographical areas.
Understanding Narratives of Uncertainty in Fertility Intentions of Dutch Women: A Neural Topic Modeling Approach
Authors: Xu Xiao , Gauthier Anne , Stulp Gert , van den Bosch Antal
Published: August 2024

Uncertainty in fertility intentions is a major obstacle to understanding contemporary trends in fertility decision-making and its outcomes. Quantifying this uncertainty by structural factors such as income, ethnicity, and housing conditions is recognized as insufficient. A recently proposed framework on subjective narratives has opened up a new way to gauge factors behind fertility decision-making and uncertainty. Through surveys, such narratives can be elicited with open-ended questions (OEQs). However, analyzing answers to OEQs typically involves extensive human coding, imposing constraints on sample size. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques assist researchers in grasping aspects of the underlying reasoning behind responses with much less human effort. In this study, using automatic neural topic modeling methods, we identify and interpret topics and themes underlying the narratives on fertility intention uncertainty of women in the Netherlands. We used Contextualized Topic Models (CTMs), a neural topic model using pre-trained representations of Dutch language, to conduct our analyses. Our results show that nine topics dominate the narratives about fertility planning, with age and health-related issues as the most prominent ones. In addition, we found that uncertainty in fertility intentions is not homogeneous, as women who feel uncertain due to real-life constraints and those who have no fertility plans at all put their stress on vastly different narratives.
Race Placed: Special Education Identification and Placement of Black Students
Authors: Murphy Hardy , Cole Cassandra , Bolte Hannah
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the overrepresentation of Black students in special education by looking at the association of race and related variables with referral, identification, and placement. Analyses were performed on a statewide sample of students and teachers to investigate relationships between student, teacher and school demographics, and special education identification and placement. The results find (1) black students assigned to black teachers are less likely to be identified for special services, (2) black students are less likely to be in inclusive placements with increases in white student enrollment, and (3) black students are more likely to be identified for special services and placed in more restrictive settings.
Community-Based Residential Relocation in Middle and Older Age: A United States–China Comparison Study on Its Predictors and Associated Mortality Risk
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Kong Dexia
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study compared the United States and China in examining the predictors of community-based residential relocation and its associated mortality risk.

Methods

Data from the 2010 to 2018 US Health and Retirement Study and from 2011 to 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used (NUS = 20,292 and NChina = 11,694). Community-dwelling respondents (aged 50+) reported whether they had relocated and were followed up until 2018. Log-binomial regression and Cox survival analysis were used.

Results

In both countries, younger age, higher education, urban residence, and being a renter were associated with higher likelihood of relocation. Community-based relocation was associated with a lower mortality risk (US: HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.70; China: HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.50), and this association was significantly stronger in China compared to the United States.

Discussion

Common predictors of community-based relocation were found in the United States and China. The relocation-related survival advantages may be attributed to a better post-move adaptation and living environment.
Democracy and Management: Organizational Practices and Nonprofits’ Contributions to Society
Authors: Terzieva Berta , Burkart Christian , Maier Florentine , Meyer Michael
Published: August 2024

Nonprofit organizations contribute to society through service provision, advocacy, and community building. As they face the challenge of pursuing a social mission while operating in a market economy, many adopt businesslike practices in response. Nonprofits’ tendency to adopt such practices has become a contested scholarly topic, with, however, limited empirical evidence. Using survey data from nearly 600 nonprofits in the Vienna region, we examine how organizational practices—specifically businesslike managerial and democratic ones—relate to nonprofits’ emphasis on service provision, advocacy, and community building. Democratic and managerial practices follow institutional logics that may activate interpretation frame effects that influence organizational goals. Contrary to concerns in previous literature, we find that implementing managerial practices is harmonious not only with service delivery but also advocacy and, to some extent, community building. Democratic organizing, conversely, supports community building while reducing service delivery focus. Combining these practices can support a balanced societal role profile.
Cooperative adaptive cruise control system with improved variable spacing strategy
Authors: Zhou Chunguo , Zeng Zhicheng , Mao Jin , Zheng Tengfei , Liu Chao
Published: August 2024

To further improve the safety, tracking, comfort, fuel economy, and platoon fluctuation of the cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) system, and alleviate traffic congestion, an improved model predictive control (MPC) algorithm considering multi-objective optimization is designed. An error compensation prediction constant time headway spacing strategy considering relative velocity, relative acceleration, and preceding vehicle distance error is proposed. The spacing strategy is introduced into the prediction model of MPC to optimize the prediction accuracy, improve the response-ability of the rear vehicle to the change of the lead state, and better coordinate the conflicting multiple objectives. The asymptotic stability of the CACC system under the improved MPC algorithm is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory, and the evaluation index is established to quantify the comprehensive performance of the CACC system. The numerical simulation is carried out under rapid acceleration and deceleration conditions, and the results show that the improved model predictive control algorithm can improve the safety, tracking, comfort, fuel economy, and road capacity of the CACC system. To simulate real traffic scenarios, co-simulation is carried out under the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) condition, which further verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Computational analysis of the biomechanical stability of internal fixation of the lateral tibial plateau fracture: A mechanical stability study
Authors: Li Yafeng , Lu Fengyuan , Yi Peng , Zou Zichun , Zhang Xi , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2024

The selection of internal fixation as the primary fixation modality for the patient is one of the challenges for the surgeon treating the patient in question. A model of the lateral tibial plateau fracture was established. Three different configurations of internal fixators namely L bone plate, T bone plate, and screw-washer were analyzed. Three stages after surgery were simulated to assess the displacement of bone plates, screws, washers, and the stress shielding ratio in the fracture area.

At three stages after surgery, the T bone plate showed better stability for patients during rehabilitation compared with the remaining two schemes, and the screw-washer scheme was the least stable due to the larger internal fixation displacement and stress shielding ratio in the fracture area. In contrast, the L bone plate scheme showed better stability in the early stages after surgery but was second only to the screw-washer scheme in the middle and late stages after surgery. The T bone plate showed better stability and became a new selection for surgeons to treat related patients. At three stages after surgery, the T bone plate has better biomechanical stability compared to the L bone plate and screw-washer schemes.
Inhibiting T-Cell-Mediated Rejection of the Porcine Meniscus Through Freeze-Thawing and Downregulating Porcine Xenoreactive Antigen Genes
Authors: Chen Rao , Zhao Hailong , Ai Liya , Zhang Jiying , Jiang Dong
Published: August 2024

Immune rejection presents a significant challenge in xenogenic meniscal transplantation. Pigs are widely regarded as an advantageous tissue source for such transplants, with porcine GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 being among the most common xenoreactive antigen (Ag) genes. While some studies have suggested that allogeneic meniscus (AM) transplants may exhibit immunoprivileged properties, our study observed slight immunological rejection has been observed following contact between human meniscal cells (HMCs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Given the limited systematic research on immune responses following xenograft meniscus transplantation, we established porcine meniscus transplantation (PMT) models to comprehensively assess the immunogenicity of porcine meniscus (PM) from both innate and adaptive immune perspectives. Our investigations confirmed that PMT beneath the epidermis led to innate cell infiltration into the xenografts and T-cell activation in local lymph nodes. T-cell activation upregulated the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, disrupting collagen organization and metabolic processes, thereby hindering PM regeneration. Using freeze-thaw treatment on PM alleviated T-cell activation post-transplantation by eliminating xenogenic DNA. In vitro findings demonstrated that gene editing in porcine meniscal cells (PMCs) suppressed human T-cell activation by downregulating the expression of xenoreactive Ag genes. These results suggest that GGTA1/CMAH/B4GALNT2 knockout (KO) pigs hold significant promise for advancing the field of meniscal transplantation.
Fraud Prevention and Auditors’ Resignation: Indian Evidence
Authors: Deb Rajat
Published: August 2024

Detecting accounting fraud is challenging for auditors due to its inherent class imbalance between detected and non-fraud cases and the “partial observability of fraud”. Corporate India has witnessed en masse statutory auditors’ resignations in the past few years. On 3 May 2023, the Supreme Court upheld section 140(5) of the Companies Act, 2013 and observed that the subsection neither volatiles Articles 14 nor 19(1) of the Indian Constitution. The Court rules that the subsequent resignation of an auditor does not lead to the quashing of proceedings under section 140(5). Resultantly, the National Company Law Tribunal’s finding that the auditors of IL&FS have acted fraudulently remains open for further investigation. Such observation highlights the significance of audit independence and an auditor’s statutory duty to detect and prevent fraud during an audit. Furthermore, this judgement paves the way for the Indian auditing regulator, the National Financial Reporting Authority, to determine the jurisdiction of auditing the auditors.
Protocol for Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy for Prostate and Oligometastatic Lesions in Patients With Low-Burden Sensitive Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: An Open, Exploratory Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Xu Bichun , Zhao Xianzhi , Feng Zhiru , Li Jialun , Liang Yiyin , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Liang , Shen Xianqi , Qu Min , Gao Xu , Zhang Huojun
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The existing large prospective study demonstrates the benefits of primary radiotherapy in patients with low-volume oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), and there is additional evidence of the benefits of local metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for metastatic lesions. However, there are no results from a prospective study to demonstrate the efficacy of radiotherapy for prostate and oligometastases. Therefore, the aim of the protocol is to illustrate the efficacy of radiotherapy for prostate and oligometastatic lesions in patients with low-volume de novo hormone-sensitive OMPC.

Methods and analysis

This study involves a prospective, single-center, limited-sample, single-arm exploration of radiotherapy for prostate and oligometastatic lesions in patients diagnosed with low-volume hormone-sensitive OMPC. Eligible participants undergo thorough assessments and treatment involving endocrine therapy alongside radiation targeting metastatic lesions and the pelvic region. The primary site is treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), while metastatic sites are treated with either VMAT or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) depending on their location. All patients received radiation therapy for both the primary and metastatic lesions combined with endocrine therapy. Endocrine therapy with an antiandrogen (bicalutamide, for 4 weeks) androgen deprivation therapy combined with novel hormonal agents (acetate abiraterone) will be continued for 2 years. The primary objective is to evaluate progression-free survival-2 (PFS-2), while secondary endpoints include androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival, quality of life (QoL), overall survival, time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), radiation-related complications, and endocrine therapy-related adverse events.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (CHEC2023-220). This is a single-arm exploration pilot trial evaluating radiotherapy for prostate and oligometastatic lesions in patients with OMPC. It aims to disseminate its findings through peer-reviewed journals and relevant medical conferences, with the intention of publication and presentation at these events.

Trial registration numbers

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT06198387.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns and Drivers of Grassland NEP in the Muri Region, 2000 to 2022
Authors: Meng Suju , Wang Peng , Yin Wenping , He Botao , Li Pei , Xue Yong
Published: August 2024

The Muri region of Qinghai Province is not only the source of important water sources, but also one of the key areas targeted by the ecological environment restoration project. The study of the Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of grassland in the Muri region is of great importance in order to gain insight into the health of grassland ecosystems and to assess the carbon sink capacity. In this study, the net primary productivity (NPP) and NEP of the grassland in the Muri region from 2000 to 2022 were calculated using remote sensing data, meteorological data and land cover data, coupled with Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model and soil heterotrophic respiration model. The spatial and temporal patterns of NEP of grassland ecosystems over different periods from 2000 to 2022 were assessed following accuracy tests. The drivers affecting the spatial and temporal changes in NEP of grasslands in the Muri region were then explored with the help of Geogdetector. The study indicated that: (1) From 2000 to 2022, the mean annual NEP of grassland in the Muri region was 138.23 gC/m², exhibiting a significant increasing trend ( p < 0.01). (2) Spatially, the NEP of grassland showed a pattern of distribution from south-east to north-west, from the center to either side and from high to low values, with 91.58% of grassland showing an increasing trend in all growth periods. (3) Climatic factors, altitude and slope are important drivers of changes in the NEP of grassland, with altitude being the most important factor influencing the NEP of grassland in this region. This study can provide valuable references for assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of grassland ecosystems and monitoring the health of grassland ecosystems in the Muri region, as well as for formulating future ecological protection policies and directions in the Muri region.
The distributional and spillover impacts of tourism across regions: The case of Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Anda , Verikios George , Pham Tien , Su Jen-Je
Published: August 2024

This paper examines in detail the spillover impacts of tourism on regional poverty, income inequality and inter-regional disparities within an integrated framework. Our novel approach integrates regional TSA and household micro-data within a regional computable general equilibrium model. The findings reveal that while the impacts of tourism expansion are positive at the national level, poverty in some regions can be exacerbated due to the spillover impacts from real exchange rate appreciation and resource reallocation. Another important finding is that although tourism’s impact on within-region income inequality is mostly unfavourable, it can reduce inter-regional disparity by stimulating more growth in the less developed regions. Lastly, the poverty-lowering and regional disparity-reducing effects are stronger for international tourism compared to domestic tourism. These results suggest that tourism development strategies should be integrated with the general economic development strategy, both nationally and regionally, otherwise, there is the risk of negative effects.
“The gay clubs are it”: An analysis of straight women’s motivations for frequenting gay bars
Authors: Peckford Kailey P
Published: August 2024

The question of whether straight individuals belong in gay bars has long been a topic of debate. But why do straight cisgender women go to gay bars in the first place? Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, I analyze women’s motivations for frequenting gay bars in Canada and the United States. My findings show that straight cisgender women go to gay bars to pursue safety and joy—and that these motivations are complicated by reflections on belonging in a space that was not made for them. Decisions to frequent gay bars were positioned as a better alternative to straight bars which were described as dangerous or boring. More generally, this study offers new insights about group boundaries and safety in nightlife spaces.
Homotypic clustering optimization algorithm for fitness centre geometric parameter configuration optimization study
Authors: Gao Yue , Huang Yong
Published: August 2024

Although many energy-saving technologies and sustainable building designs have successfully reduced building energy consumption and improved user satisfaction, little consideration has been given to the impact of building spatial configuration on the indoor environment. This study focused on a fitness centre and employed an optimization methodology based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The optimization aims of this study were to enhance interior ventilation efficiency and regulate temperature, resulting in the optimal building spatial characteristics. This work presents the homologous clustering optimization algorithm (HCO) as a solution to the limitations of existing optimization approaches. It also compares HCO with the multi-objective evolutionary mating algorithm (MOMA). HCO with a coefficient of eight performed better than MOMA. The Pareto frontier generated by HCO was more succinct, and the computational time was reduced by 52%. Moreover, an analysis of the CFD simulation results revealed that, in the context of this study, the influence of the interface width coefficient was greater than that of the interface height, and the impact of the cavity width was greater than that of the cavity height. The relationship between changes in air age and variations in geometric parameters was similar to that of indoor temperature.
Reckoning with subaltern science: The case of India’s The Wire Science
Authors: Paul Subin , Dowling David O.
Published: August 2024

In light of the dominance of “Western” scientific discourse in English-language news media, the question arises regarding how and to what extent a prominent Global South-based science newsmagazine such as India’s The Wire Science positions itself with respect to indigenous cultural practices. Addressing this question, our essay critically examines The Wire Science’s “The Science of the Seas” feature series as one form of “subaltern science” stemming from the social hierarchy of caste. We work with the concept of subaltern science as a theoretical hook to show that the framing of the Indian fisherman in “The Science of the Seas” hardly casts him as a viable path for further inquiry so much as an exotic figure with an ancient, and deeply mystical, connection to the sea. Our analysis thus reveals that while the idea of representing subaltern fisher science in the English-language news media is novel, caste hierarchies are inscribed into the story narrative of “The Science of the Seas” in such a way that it prevents subaltern science from fully emerging, thereby reinforcing the primacy of Western science.
News content promotion pressure: A content analysis of the cross-media visibility of and engagement with news stories
Authors: Lamot Kenza , Paulussen Steve
Published: August 2024

The research at hand centered around examining how news media manage their visibility, while navigating the challenges of invisibility posed by the platform economy. Platforms shape the visibility of news organizations and their content through algorithmic curation and moderation. In response, news organizations must exert considerable effort to maximize their visibility within these systems. The research identified and analyzed various deliberate promotional strategies aimed at enhancing an article’s visibility, including strategic posting across platforms, homepage placement, and extending content lifespan. By aggregating these strategies into a “promotion pressure” score, the study aims to unravel the circular relationship between news media’s content promotion strategies and audience engagement with news stories. Further analysis of the news articles with the highest promotion pressure shows that they are mostly related to major events, rely on news values such as conflict and personification, and frequently use clickbait headlines.
Space in movement: The pluri-temporal (re)production of saunascapes
Authors: Leipämaa-Leskinen Hanna , Syrjälä Henna , Jaskari Minna-Maarit , Kauppinen-Räisänen Hannele
Published: August 2024

In this study, we theorise the pluri-temporality of market-mediated spaces. By taking the Finnish sauna as an empirical context, we analyse the sauna as a pluri-temporal space whose momentary existences are actualised by slow and fast spatio-temporal movements flowing simultaneously at different speeds. In so doing, we advance the concept of the saunascape as a tool to grasp the temporal and spatial dynamics that continuously reproduce the space. The empirical data include interviews conducted in sauna departments at five different hotels, focus group discussions generated at a commercial sauna restaurant, and online articles published in the Finnish Sauna-Magazine between 2018 and 2021. The findings show that slow spatio-temporal flows produce saunascapes that are characterised by rituals and authentic spirit. Fast spatio-temporal flows create saunascapes characterised by meaningful experiences and future envisioning. The momentary actualisation of a saunascape is always unique and ephemeral, varying according to whether the slow or fast flows are more pronounced. The study ends with a conceptual discussion of the potential of the concept of (sauna)scape to illustrate the pluri-temporal and multifaceted space.
A high-precision localization method for underwater targets incorporating direct path recognition and sound rays bending compensation
Authors: Ji Meiqi , Cui Xuerong , Li Juan , Jiang Bin , Li Lei , Li Shibao , Liu Jianhang
Published: August 2024

Underwater target localization technology plays a vital role in the development and utilization of marine resources. Due to the multipath effect in the hydroacoustic channel, the received signal is the superposition of a series of direct and reflected acoustic paths, making it challenging to accurately identify the direct path using existing methods. To address this issue, this paper proposes a high-precision direct path recognition method based on Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), which utilizes the amplitude, Time of Arrival (TOA), reception angle, and phase of the received pulse as input features. Meanwhile, the direct linear conversion of acoustic wave propagation time from transmitter to receiver into a distance value, as commonly observed in radio ranging in air, is not feasible. Consequently, a method based on Effective Sound Velocity (ESV) is introduced to compensate for the bending of sound rays. By utilizing the recognized direct path delay value and the sound velocity value after compensating for sound ray bending, we can calculate the precise position of underwater targets. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in significantly improving the accuracy of underwater target localization.
Light at night, melatonin levels and nurses working at night
Authors: Berkalieva A , Plitnick B , Mazumdar M , Figueiro MG
Published: August 2024

Light at night has been implicated in health risks associated with night-shift work and circadian system disruption, but there are scant data on actual nighttime light exposures experienced by night-shift workers and how they affect melatonin levels. This study analysed salivary melatonin assays and calibrated personal light-exposure measurements obtained from a larger 20-week field study to explore the association between nocturnal melatonin levels and light exposures in 27 nurses working night shifts at four hospitals in southern New York and southern Indiana. Complete time-matched melatonin and light exposure data were available for 20 of the participants, who underwent three 2-week data collection periods (6 weeks total), each separated by six weeks. A mixed-effects model was used to quantify the adjusted association between melatonin levels and light exposures. No significant association was found between the measures after adjusting for age and years working night shifts (β = −6.8, p = 0.26). This study demonstrates that healthcare environments can provide sufficient light for visual tasks without affecting melatonin levels, a marker of the circadian system. Our research also highlights the value of personal light-measurement devices when examining the relationship between exposure to light at night, melatonin levels and the potential for circadian disruption.
Assessing ChatGPT as a Tool for Research on US State and Territory Politics
Authors: Finn Peter , Bell Lauren C , Tatum Amy , Leicht Caroline Victoria
Published: August 2024

Debates about the moral and ethical implications of using artificial intelligence (AI) abound. Yet, AI is swiftly being embedded into many aspects of society, becoming a key tool for sharing and gaining new knowledge. Benefitting from a systematic methodology that has led to the generation of profiles on all US states and territories in ChatGPT, as well as interviews with 17 experts on state-level politics, this article provides insights for those wishing to understand the value of tools such as ChatGPT for political research generally, and for state and territory level US politics specifically. It demonstrates that generative AI cannot yet produce robust politically oriented content. Scores given by experts for different aspects of the ChatGPT-generated profiles suggest it is somewhat better suited to accurately capturing the history of states as opposed to contemporary politics or insights that can be garnered from academic literature. The findings further highlight the often vague nature of sources provided by ChatGPT, and detail other inaccuracies in sourcing and content. This article demonstrates that at present, ChatGPT cannot serve as a meaningful resource for students and scholars of US state and territorial politics and that these findings are likely robust for other types of political research
The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence with Substance Abuse and/or Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sousa Marta , Andrade Joana , de Castro Rodrigues Andreia , Caridade Sónia , Cunha Olga
Published: August 2024

Despite the high prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among men with mental health (MH) problems and substance use (SU), there is limited evidence on the most effective ways to reduce IPV within these groups. Hence, the present systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions for male IPV perpetrators with MH issues and SU problems. Five databases (B-On, Pubmed PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Scopus) were searched for studies examining the effectiveness of IPV interventions. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 interventions described. Interventions were grouped into (1) specific interventions for SU among IPV perpetrators ( k = 8), (2) nonspecific interventions for SU among IPV perpetrators ( K = 3), and (3) specific interventions targeting MH among IPV perpetrators ( k = 2). Cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing techniques were the most common approaches. Both specific and nonspecific programs addressing SU problems showed some positive effects on perpetrators’ behavior and attitudes. However, data from the two intervention programs focusing on MH showed reduced symptoms and re-assaults but without significant differences between the conditions. Despite methodological shortcomings in the studies, the specific and nonspecific interventions targeting SU and IPV show promise, which hinders drawing firmer conclusions. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to deepen our understanding of the MH impact interventions on IPV perpetrators.
Do Voters Punish Women Politicians More?
Authors: Sevi Semra , Crabtree Charles , Blais André
Published: August 2024

Despite a rich literature on gender stereotypes, few studies consider whether voters reward/punish women politicians differently than their men counterparts for their policy records. To study this question, we conducted a conjoint survey experiment with a quota-based nationally representative sample of 1495 American citizens. The experiment focuses on electing one of two hypothetical councillors (keeping their political experience constant) to become a mayor. We find that voters do not penalize women politicians more for breaking campaign promises. In fact, they are at least as likely to reward women politicians for keeping their promises compared to men politicians. This is true across genders and political parties.
Complex Considerations for Critical Qualitative Childhood Studies: A Perspective From Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: August 2024

This article considers the complexities of the historical and current context for critical qualitative childhood studies in Aotearoa (New Zealand), a country with a two-century history of colonization by Britain of the Indigenous people, the Māori. This was despite the undertakings of the British contained within a treaty, Te Tiriti o Waitangi to uphold Māori authority over their lands, resources, and things of value, as equal citizens to the British settlers. Māori children were traditionally deeply respected and their contributions to collective decision-making valued. In blatant disregard of these treaty obligations, Māori have been severely impacted by warfare, introduced diseases, and dispossession of lands, language, and identity. There remains within current educational practice a long-standing historical amnesia and wilful ignorance of the intergenerational trauma that has resulted. This extends to the pedagogical and research implications for working in this context of colonization. This piece therefore considers how those who work in tertiary settings, particularly critical childhood studies scholars, might challenge the ongoing hegemonies of White privilege and complacency to create new ethical imaginaries in our teaching and scholarship, research methodology courses, and ethical review processes, beyond token mention of Māori concerns.
Dietary Habits and Determinants of Overnutrition Among Secondary and Preparatory School Adolescents: A Multi-Center Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Abeje Eleni Dagnaw , Aynalem Shiferaw Birhanu , Workie Hailemariam Mekonnen
Published: August 2024

Background: Overnutrition is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat buildup in the body’s fatty tissue, leading to potential health issues associated with overweight or obesity. These conditions pose significant public health challenges for adolescents and are strong indicators of future obesity, illness, and even death. As a result, this study sought to examine the dietary behaviors and factors contributing to overnutrition in secondary and preparatory school students in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 285 adolescents from March 18 to April 20, 2021. The data collection was carried out using standardized interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires, which were adapted from previous studies. A general survey was conducted to identify cases and controls. The cases and controls were selected using simple random sampling methods. Data was entered using Epi-data 4.2 software and exported to SPSS v25. Descriptive statistics were done based on the nature of the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. World Health Organization AnthroPlus software was used to analyze anthropometric data into body mass index for age with z-score. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P-value <.05 was considered statistical significance. Result: In this study, eating habits while reading (AOR = 3.87;95% CI: 1.95-7.686), sedentary behavior, (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.278-4.97), vigorous type of physical exercise for <75 min per week (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: (1.149-4.92), <6 sleeping hour per day (AOR = 5.68; 95% CI: 2.08-15.48) and earning an average family income of ≥227 USD (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.214-5.9) were significantly associated with overnutrition among school adolescents. Conclusion: Overnutrition is a significant emerging public health concern among school adolescents, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. This study underscores the importance of promoting an active lifestyle, reducing sedentary behavior, and fostering healthy eating habits as crucial national public health priorities. Early interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are essential for mitigating the incidence of overnutrition among adolescents. It is recommended that educational programs addressing overnutrition and its associated health implications commence early in school settings to prevent the escalating prevalence of this issue. Public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of risk factors for overnutrition among adolescents are warranted to alleviate the future burden of obesity-related chronic non-communicable diseases.
PARP inhibitors alone or in combination for prostate cancer
Authors: Fenor de la Maza María Dolores , Pérez Gracia Jose Luis , Miñana Bernardino , Castro Elena
Published: August 2024

DNA repair genomic aberrations in the Homologous Recombination pathway are identifiable in up to 25% of patients with advanced prostate cancer, making them more likely to benefit from treatment with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) alone or in combination with other therapies, particularly when BRCA driver genomic aberrations are documented. Although several clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach, the validation of reliable biomarkers predictive of response still needs further improvement to refine patient selection. In this setting, the characterization of resistance mechanisms and the validation of novel biomarkers are critical to maximize clinical benefit and to develop novel treatment combinations to improve outcomes. In this review, we summarize the development of PARPi in prostate cancer as single agent as well as the efficacy of their combination with other drugs, and the future directions for their implementation in the management of advanced prostate cancer.
Discerning sustainability: Analyzing Asia’s greenhouse gas emissions through AI
Authors: Ramrakhiani Nikita , Kukreja Anup , Mhetre Kunal
Published: August 2024

The escalating global apprehension regarding climate change and its consequences on the environment have incited extensive inquiry into the origins and repercussions of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Amongst the distinct geographical regions worldwide, Asia is a substantial contributor to these emissions, necessitating an exhaustive examination of its constituent elements which encompass land utilization, industrial undertakings, and various other demographic factors. This instigates the basis for our research with the intent of exploring multifaceted dimensions of CO2 emissions in Asian countries, with a pronounced emphasis on emissions stemming from environmental Indicators. The inherent objective of our research is to stratify the per capita CO2 emissions of these nations into discrete categories predicated on sustainability benchmarks. In this research, we work with AI algorithms like Decision tree, Random Forest and logistic regression, to ascertain and substantiate the classifications which can be categorized with regards to their CO2 emissions. The amalgamation of these algorithms with data visualization tools like Tableau and Power BI contribute towards identifying existing patterns and add a dynamic edge to our model. The aim of the research is to analyze the cause of disparities between CO2 emissions and develop insights to reduce or mitigate the effects of emissions on the environment while maintaining industrial development & quality of life. Unveiling critical discernments into the several factors that wield influence over CO2 emissions to mitigate the effects is a crucial need today. The findings also. Identify the leading contributors among Asian nations in terms of CO2 emissions. The key focus of this research is about the significance of adopting sustainable methodologies to curtail CO2 emissions within Asian countries while maintaining a balance with their overall development. This endeavor not only distinguishes the nations with the loftiest emissions but also Gives input pertaining to assign priority in their efforts to mitigate their environmental footprint. By leveraging the insights emanating from this investigation, policymakers, Environmental advocates and stakeholders can devise strategies to achieve sustainability and alleviate the detrimental ramifications of CO2 emissions in the region. This research serves as an indispensable initial stride toward a more ecologically aware and sustainable future for Asian nations and the global community at large.
The emergence of the Indian Paymentech industry: Paytm vs PhonePe
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Roshan Ravi , Balodi Krishna Chandra
Published: August 2024

The Indian payment technology industry has witnessed a significant transformation over the past decade, with mobile payment platforms emerging as key players in the market. Among these, Paytm and PhonePe have emerged as leaders, each with its unique approach to capturing the vast and diverse Indian market. This study aims to explore how payment technology has evolved in India and identify the key factors contributing to the success of these companies. Additionally, a concise overview of both Paytm and PhonePe is presented, focusing on analyzing how changes in market dynamics, environmental factors, and consumer preferences have influenced and shaped the strategies of these companies.