bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Stereopsis After Treatment of Infantile Esotropia With Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: McNeer Keith W , Tucker Mary G , Guerry Christopher H , Spencer Robert F
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The incidence of stereoscopic vision following surgery for infantile esotropia has been reported, but not from patients treated with simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A. We previously reported other findings from 41 patients treated with botulinum toxin A before the age of 12 months. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of stereopsis in these patients after long-term follow-up.

Patients and Methods: Data were acquired by recording the response to subjective stereoscopic testing during the postinjection follow-up period when reliable subjective responses could be obtained. At least 5 years had passed following injection, and the mean age of the patients was 8 years.

Results: Of the 41 patients, 11 were lost to follow-up, 10 had no stereopsis, 9 had gross stereopsis according to Titmus fly tests), 1 had 800 seconds of stereoscopic vision, 2 had 400 seconds, 2 had 200 seconds, 1 had 60 seconds, and 5 had 40 seconds.

Conclusions: In this study, two-thirds of the patients acquired stereopsis following simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A for infantile esotropia. Stereopsis acquisition following injection of botulinum toxin A had a success rate comparable with that reported for surgically corrected infantile esotropia. Bimediai injection of botulinum toxin A accompanied by alternate patching prior to injection and diligent attention at ages ranging from 4 to 12 months is a simple and efficacious method for the management of infantile esotropia.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:288-292.
Choroidal Neovascularization Following Laser In situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Pinto Rogerio V B , Smiddy William E , Culbertson William
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Two cases of choroidal neovascularization occurring after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are presented from two separate centers. In the first case, an extrafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane, apparently associated with age-related macular degeneration, occurred 3 months after a LASIK procedure was performed on a 64-year-old man with hyperopia. Argon laser treatment and subsequent photodynamic therapy were performed and resulted in stabilization of vision. The second case involved neovascularization 3 weeks following a LASIK procedure for myopia, apparently associated with the myopia. No treatment was recommended and the vision stabilized at 20/50. Although the cause is not clear, careful preoperative macular evaluation and attention to symptoms that might herald the presence of choroidal neovascularization are recommended for patients undergoing LASIK. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004; 35:63-66.]
Cyclocryotherapy Versus Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza , Bahar Irit , Ostashinski Michal , Lusky Moshe , Weinbeiger Dov , Gaton Dan D
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients (70 eyes) treated for high, unresponsive intraocular pressure during a 4-year period with cyclocryotherapy (n = 38) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (n = 32) with a follow-up period of at least 3 months (mean follow-up = 15.7 months) were compared for intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and complication rate.

* RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 40.9 ± 11.9 to 20.5 ± 10.3 mm Hg in the cyclocryotherapy group, and from 35.9 ± 9.3 to 21.3 ± 10.7 mm Hg in the cyclophotocoagulation group. Intraocular pressure was controlled in 60.5% and 62.5% of eyes, respectively. Deterioration in visual acuity occurred in 31.5% of the cyclocryotherapy group and 37.5% of the cyclophotocoagulation group. Severe visual loss to no light perception was noted in 6 eyes and 2 eyes, respectively, and phthisis bulbi in 2 eyes in the cyclocryotherapy group (5.2%) and 1 eye in the cyclophotocoagulation group (3.1%).

* CONCLUSIONS: Cyclocryotherapy and diode laser cyclophotocoagulation are equally effective in decreasing intraocular pressure in patients with persistent uncontrolled glaucoma, with a lower rate of complications associated with diode laser cyclophotocoagulation.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005,36:272279.]
Effect of Intraoperative Intracameral 2% Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Viscoelastic During Trabeculectomy
Authors: Agarwal Harish C , Anuradha V K , Titiyal J S , Gupta Viney
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative intracameral injection of 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure (IOP) following trabeculectomy in eyes with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma in a prospective randomized manner.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive eyes with primary open- angle glaucoma scheduled for trabeculectomy were randomized to conventional trabeculectomy without HPMC injection (group I; ? = 15) or to intracameral injection of 2% HPMC during trabeculectomy (group ?; ? = 15). All patients were observed serially on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 and months 1, 3, and 6 postoperatively. The main outcome measure was restoration of anterior chamber depth to preoperative level with IOP of less than 21 mm Hg with no additional antiglaucoma medication or surgery.

* RESULTS: The anterior chamber depth decreased from 2.5 ± 0.53 to 1.5 ± 0.94 mm on postoperative day 1 in group I and increased slighdy from 2.4 ± 0.43 to 2.5 ± 0.36 mm on postoperative day 1 in group II (P = .04). Overall, the IOP decreased to 5.0 ±2.8 mm Hg in group I (87% reduction) and 9.0 ± 4.6 mm Hg in group II (70% reduction). Two eyes developed postoperative flat anterior chamber and related complications in group I, whereas none of the eyes in group II developed such complications.

* CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral injection of 2% HPMC during trabeculectomy helps to maintain anterior chamber depth and reduces incidence of complications related to shallow anterior chamber depth following trabeculectomy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:280285.1
Infectious Keratitis in the Corneal Graft: Treatment With Partial Conjunctival Flaps
Authors: Geria Roberto C , Wainsztein Ricardo D , Brunzini Mario , Brunzini Ricardo , Geria Marcos A
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The infection of the corneal graft is one of the most serious complications following keratoplasty. In many instances, it can be treated successfully with intensive topical and subconjunctival antibiotics. However, when this therapy is ineffective, a surgical approach must be considered. The usefulness of partial conjunctival flaps that spare the visual axis for managing corneal graft infections is reported.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of four cases. All patients were males between 12 and 85 years old. The four abscesses developed in the penetrating corneal graft during the first year after keratoplasty. The organisms found were Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. After failure of medical therapy, they were operated on using the partial, thick conjunctival flap technique.

* RESULTS: Resolution of the infection and maintenance of a clear graft was achieved in all patients. The follow-up ranged from 5 to 8 years.

* CONCLUSION: The partial conjunctival flap is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of abscesses in penetrating keratoplasties when medical treatment has failed.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:298302.1
Digitizing Stereoscopic Optic Nerve Head Photographs for Storage and Viewing Using a Personal Computer
Authors: Nesher Ronit , Zacharopoulos Ioannis , Assia Ehud I , Schuman Joel S
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Careful examination and monitoring of optic nerve head changes is essential in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. This often results in accumulation of numerous photographs and required appropriate storage space. A simple, inexpensive, and efficient means of storing and viewing stereoscopic optic nerve head photographs is described. Images were acquired with a fundus camera, on a color slide film. Slides were then scanned and digitized. A handheld stereoscope was used for stereoscopic viewing on a computer monitor. A scanning resolution of 300 dpi appeared optimal. At this resolution, the storage utilization was 16 kilobytes and the scanning time was 160 seconds per patient.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:327330.]
Transpupillary Thermotherapy in the Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Wei Song-Yang , Yang Chung-May
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 40-year-old man had persistent central serous chorioretinopathy at the foveal region for 20 months. The pretreatment best-corrected visual acuity was 0.3. The leaking point was close to the fovea, making the use of argon laser photocoagulation treatment unsafe. Transpupillary thermal therapy with diode laser (power setting = 120 mW, spot size = 1.2 mm, and duration = 60 seconds) was performed to cover the whole detached area. The subretinal fluid decreased 1 week later. Fluorescein angiography 2 months later revealed neither further leakage nor any subretinal fluid. After 3 months of follow-up, best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.4. Transpupillary thermal therapy may be a useful alternative for the treatment of chronic, persistent central serous chorioretinopathy at the fovea.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005,36:412-415.]
Preliminary Results of Combined Simultaneous Transpupillary Thermotherapy and ICG-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Liggett Peter E , Lavaque Alejandro J , Chaudhry Nauman A , Jablon Eric P , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the combination of simultaneous hyperthermia by transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for small and medium choroidal melanomas.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with small and medium choroidal melanomas were treated with combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy.

* RESULTS : The median age of the 25 patients was 64 years (range, 35 to 88 years). The pretreatment volume of the tumors ranged from 1 5.9 to 653.5 mm3 (mean, 1 1 8.7 ± 146.6 mm3). After a mean of 2.4 treatments (range, 1 to 5 treatments), all of the tumors but one showed a significant volume reduction without clinical evidence of recurrences. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 59 months (mean, 12 ± 14 months). Complications included retinal vascular occlusions, edema and superficial scarring of the macula, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

* CONCLUSIONS: The effects of combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy appears to be effective in achieving local tumor control in selected small and medium choroidal melanomas.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:463-470.]
An Anterior Chamber Mass Discovered After Routine Cataract Surgery
Authors: Wenger Alyssa , Hughes Bradley M , Wiggins Michael N
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 68-year-old man was noted to have an anterior chamber mass shortly after uneventful cataract surgery. The mass was believed to be iatrogenic in nature and necessitated surgical removal because of intermittent obstruction of vision. The patient was observed closely and achieved a good visual outcome with no complaints. This case is described to illustrate a potential hazard of modern clear cornea cataract surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:503-505.]
Sutureless Limited Vitrectomy for Positive Vitreous Pressure in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Gupta Shailesh K , Agarwal Swati , Shah Vinay A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A sutureless transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy with the 25-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy system is used to facilitate phacoemulsification in eyes with positive posterior vitreous pressure and shallow anterior chamber. Peribulbar local anesthesia is administered. In eyes with shallow anterior chamber, if an injection of a viscoelastic substance through anterior chamber paracentesis fails to deepen the anterior chamber, a limited pars plana vitrectomy is performed to remove a small amount of retro-lental vitreous (approximately 0.2 to 0.3 cc) with a 25-gauge high-speed cutter. Phacoemulsification is subsequently performed. The limited pars plana vitrectomy reduces the chances of intraoperative vitreous loss and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. It also increases the anterior chamber depth, facilitates intraoperative steps such as pupil stretching and capsulorhexis, and results in a phacoemulsification procedure that is less complex and safer. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:518-522.]
T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia as a Consequence of Thymus Autonomy
Authors: Ballesteros-Arias Luna , Silva Joana G. , Paiva Rafael A. , Carbonetto Belén , Faísca Pedro , Martins Vera C.
Published: January 2019

Thymus autonomy is the capacity of the thymus to maintain T lymphocyte development and export independently of bone marrow contribution. Prolonging thymus autonomy was shown to be permissive to the development of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), similar to the human disease. In this study, performing thymus transplantation experiments in mice, we report that thymus autonomy can occur in several experimental conditions, and all are permissive to T-ALL. We show that wild type thymi maintain their function of T lymphocyte production upon transplantation into recipients with several genotypes (and corresponding phenotypic differences), i.e., Rag2−/−γc−/−, γc−/−, Rag2−/−IL-7rα−/−, and IL-7rα−/−. We found that the cellularity of the thymus grafts is influenced exclusively by the genotype of the host, i.e., IL-7rα−/− versus γc−/−. Nonetheless, the difference in cellularity detected in thymus autonomy bore no impact on onset, incidence, immunophenotype, or pathologic condition of T-ALL. In all tested conditions, T-ALL reached an incidence of 80%, demonstrating that thymus autonomy bears a high risk of leukemia. We also analyzed the microbiota composition of the recipients and their genetic background, but none of the differences found influenced the development of T-ALL. Taken together, our data support that IL-7 drives cellular turnover non–cell autonomously, which is required for prevention of T-ALL. We found no influence for T-ALL in the specific combination of the genotypic mutations tested (including the developmental block caused by Rag deficiency), in microbiota composition, or minor differences in the genetic background of the strains.
Potential Mediators of Load-Related Decreases in Movement Quality in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Schmitz Randy J. , Rhea Christopher K. , Ross Scott E.
Published: January 2019

Context

Predicting and promoting physical performance are important goals within the tactical professional community. Movement screens are frequently used in this capacity but are poor predictors of performance outcomes. It has recently been shown that prediction improved when movement quality was evaluated under load, but the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear. Because balance, range of motion, and strength are mutually relevant to physical performance and movement quality, these attributes may mediate load-related decreases in movement quality and account for the resulting increase in performance prediction.

Objective

To quantify the roles of balance, range of motion, and strength in mediating load-related decreases in clinical movement-screen scores.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults.

Intervention(s)

Participants completed a clinical movement screen under a control condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weighted vest as well as tests of balance, range of motion, and strength.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Item score differences were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for matched pairs. Interactions between (1) balance, range of motion, and strength and (2) load condition were modeled using penalized varying-coefficients regression with item scores as the dependent measure.

Results

Except for the hurdle step, item scores were lower in the weighted-vest than in the control condition for all tests (P < .05). Except for rotary stability, F statistics were significant for all models (P values < .05, R2 values = 0.22–0.77). Main effects of balance, range of motion, and strength on Functional Movement Screen scores were observed (P < .05); however, little evidence was found to suggest that these attributes mediated load-related decreases in Functional Movement Screen item scores.

Conclusions

Balance, range of motion, and strength affected movement quality but did not mediate the effect of the load treatment.
Demonstrating carbon capture and storage in Canada
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Last year in Hokkaido, Japan, G8 leaders committed to supporting an objective to launch 20 large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstrations globally by 2010. This action was identified as a crucial element for the world to address the climate change
challenge. Canada will host G8 nations during their 2010 meeting when this commitment is due, and we are doing our part to achieve this objective.
Post-combustion capture - amine / clean coal
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

This fully integrated, commercial-scale project involves rebuilding an existing coal-fired power generating unit to produce 100 MW of net clean power and capture up to 1 Mt per year of CO2 by 2015. CO2 will initially be injected into the enhanced oil recovery
project at the Weyburn-Midale oil fields and will later be injected for permanent sequestration. The Boundary Dam Project is a partnership among the Government of Canada, the Province of Saskatchewan, SaskPower and industry.
Séquestration de CO2 dans des reservoirs minces et peu profonds de pétrole lourd
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Ce projet portera sur des activités de recherche et de développement ciblées, afin d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances et de découvrir de nouvelles méthodes en matière de RAP dans les réservoirs de pétrole lourd, en
injectant du CO2 qui pourrait demeurer stocké en permanence dans ces réservoirs. Il s'agit d'une nouvelle approche en ce qui a trait à l'extraction du pétrole lourd. Le CO2 sera capté à l'usine d'éthanol et à celle de valorisation du pétrole lourd de
Husky, puis transporté et injecté dans des réservoirs de pétrole lourd situés près de l'usine de valorisation. Ce projet devrait permettre d'améliorer la RAP et de déterminer si les réservoirs de pétrole lourd sont adéquats pour la
séquestration de CO2. Ultimement, ce projet permettrait le captage de
400 000 tonnes par année du CO2 qui émane de l'usine d'éthanol et de celle de valorisation de Husky, en purifiant, déshydratant, compressant et transportant le CO2 vers des réservoirs de pétrole lourd dans l'ensemble de la région de Lloydminster. La valeur
ajoutée grâce à la RAP par injection de CO2 peut être un élément clé de la séquestration durable, et la démonstration de l'intégration du captage et de la RAP à l'aide d'une dernière séquestration constituerait une étape
importante.
Characterization and CO2 pilot injection in large saline aquifer
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

This project will demonstrate the feasibility of safe CO2 storage in the Redwater Leduc Reef, situated northeast of Edmonton, Alberta. This site is close to the Alberta Industrial Heartland region, where there are a number of large industrial sources of GHG
emissions, including chemical and fertilizer plants and several oil sands upgraders that are operating, being built or in the planning stages. The Redwater Leduc Reef is also strategically located along a straight-line path between Fort McMurray and Edmonton, a potential route for a CO2 pipeline
from Fort McMurray. Preliminary work estimates the storage capacity of the saline aquifer portion of the reef to be 1 Gt of CO2. This project will demonstrate carbon capture and storage (CCS) on a commercial scale (a minimum of several megatonnes per year), contributing to a significant reduction in
GHG emissions.
Le captage postcombustion - Épuration aux amines et charbon propre
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Le projet d'usine de démonstration du captage de CO2 postcombustion Genesee d'EPCOR prévoit la construction d'une installation de démonstration qui permettra le captage du CO2 provenant d'une nouvelle centrale au charbon à l'usine Genesee (150
mégawatts [MW] nets) en Alberta. Le CO2 capté serait transporté en collaboration avec Enbridge et le Projet d'aquifère salin de l'Alberta et servirait à la RAP ou serait séquestré dans une formation saline située à une centaine de kilomètres de
Genesee. Le Projet d'aquifère salin de l'Alberta aurait également la responsabilité de mesurer et de contrôler la quantité de CO2 qui serait stockée dans l'aquifère salin. L'usine Genesee devrait être mise en service en 2015 et assurerait le captage quotidien
de 3 000 tonnes de CO2, soit près de 1 mégatonne par année.
Infrastructure de transport et de stockage de CO2
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Le PASA est une initiative de l'industrie dirigée par Enbridge pour déceler les aquifères salins profonds en Alberta, qui pourraient être utilisés dans un projet pilote de séquestration de CO2. Le but du PASA est de : repérer
des sites de stockage de CO2 le long du trajet prévu pour la canalisation allant vers les installations de RAP; capter le CO2 provenant des sites d'émission existants et futurs; et développer la capacité de fournir simultanément du CO2 aux installations de RAP et de stocker
l'excédent de CO2 dans des aquifères salins. Enbridge travaillera en collaboration avec EPCOR pour assurer le transport et le stockage du CO2 capté (1 mégatonne ou plus par année) dans ses installations de captage et de stockage de CO2.
Post-combustion capture - chilled ammonia / clean coal
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Pioneer is a large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) project proposed for one of the company's Wabamun Lake area plants. TransAlta is proposing to construct one of the world's first large-scale CCS facilities that will perform several functions: integrate
leading-edge, post-combustion, chilled ammonia capture technology with a power plant to capture one Mt per year of CO2; transport the CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery and to a permanent geological storage site; demonstrate safe, secure, large-scale permanent storage in saline aquifers; and
deliver significant reductions in CO2 emissions by 2012.
Projet polygénérationnel intégré de CSC
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Ce projet propose la réalisation de l'ingénierie préliminaire et d'autres travaux préalables à la décision de mettre en oeuvre un projet de 5 milliards de dollars pour construire et mettre en service une installation
polygénérationnelle à Belle Plaine, en Saskatchewan. Si ce projet voit le jour, d'importants volumes de coke de pétrole (un produit de peu de valeur issu de la valorisation du pétrole lourd) pourraient être gazéifiés et utilisés pour fabriquer certains
produits, comme l'hydrogène, la vapeur et le soufre, et pour produire jusqu'à 500 mégawatts (MW) d'électricité, ce qui permettrait éventuellement d'éliminer des centrales au charbon vieillissantes de la Saskatchewan. Le CO2 issu du processus serait également
utilisé par deux grandes usines d'engrais situées près de l'emplacement projeté pour l'installation polygénérationnelle. Une réduction des émissions de CO2 résulterait du captage et de la séquestration de 80 à 90 p. 100 du CO2 produit par
l'installation polygénérationnelle, et du fait de ne plus utiliser de gaz naturel pour produire de l'hydrogène et de la vapeur dans les usines d'engrais. Le CO2 capté serait séquestré dans des sites de RAP et des aquifères salins du sud-est de la
Saskatchewan.
Measurement, monitoring and verification of CO2 geological storage
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Launched in 2000, this international research project studies CO2 injection and geological storage in depleted oilfields in southeastern Saskatchewan. It is operated in conjunction with two commercial CO2 floods, where huge volumes of the gas (2.8 million Mt per
year) are injected to enhance oil production. The CO2, a by-product from the Dakota Gasification Company's Synfuels Plant, is delivered via a 323 km pipeline to EnCana's Weyburn field and Apache's Midale field.
The IEA research project's Final Phase (2007-2011) is building on the successes of the First Phase (2000-2004) to deliver the framework necessary to encourage implementation of CO2 geological storage worldwide. Specifically, the project will develop and demonstrate technology solutions required for
the design, implementation, monitoring and verification of CO2 geological storage projects, as well as influence and accelerate good public policy development for regulations, public communications and the business environment.
Canadian seismograph operations - 1983
Authors: Shannon W E , Schieman D R J , Halliday R J , Munro P S
Published: January 2019

At the end of 1983 the Division of Seismology and Geomagnetism of the Earth Physics Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources operated or contracted the operation of 17 standard seismograph stations, 40 regional stations, 2 telemetered networks based in
Ottawa and near Victoria, B.C., a medium-aperture array at Yellowknife, a strong-motion seismograph network on the West Coast and several special or temporary seismographs. This report gives the characteristics of the various systems and describes the format and availability of the recorded
data.
How far and how old: Longevity and displacement records from the South African Bird Ringing Scheme for Ardeidae, Threskiornithidae and Ciconiidae
Authors: Rose Sanjo , Oschadleus Hans-Dieter , Paijmans Dane
Published: January 2019

Background: Understanding the movement and displacement of individuals within avian species is important for conservation. Herons, Storks and Egrets are especially important as they are migratory species and are potential indicator species. It is therefore valuable to set life history baselines to understand survival.Objectives: To establish baseline longevity and displacement values for the avian families Ardeidae, Threskiornithidae and Ciconiidae using the South African Bird Ringing Scheme (SAFRING) data for Africa and to highlight gaps in the SAFRING database for these families.Method: We used data archives of ringed and subsequently reported individuals to determine maximum displacement and longevities from the past seven decades for each species within these three families. Displacement was estimated by the straight-line distance between subsequent records for the same individual. Longevity is the measure of time elapsed in records for the same individual.Results: Displacement and longevity data were available for 17 of the 24 species in the focus families. Individuals of most of the species were ringed as nestlings so displacement records may represent dispersal. Displacement ranged from a maximum of 10 114 km for a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) to 2.5 km for a Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus). Several species are poorly sampled, resulting in longevity records of just a few days. Despite that, longevity values were 5 years for 16 species, and the highest value was 25.3 years for a White Stork.Conclusion: It was possible to determine longevity values for most of the species within the three families investigated. Based on the displacement profiles for species with sufficient records, there are large differences in movement between species. Certain common species such as Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) have very few ringing records, which indicate a need for further species-specific research as the longevity values are not representative. This could greatly benefit studies aiming to use these species as ecosystem health indicators as well as identify which species are at risk.
O uso da LAI por jornalistas: uma análise de requerentes, pedidos e respostas
Authors: Gonçalves Francisco Eduardo , Stacciarini Isa Coelho , Nascimento Solano
Published: January 2019

Trata o artigo do resultado da análise de todas as solicitações feitas por meio da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) por requerentes identificados como jornalistas em 2017. Foram apresentados 3.386 pedidos por 856 jornalistas, sendo 72,21% atendidos. O estudo mostra que jornalistas têm feito uso efetivo da LAI no Brasil para obter informações. Mas a maior parte apresentou apenas um pedido. Há um grupo reduzido que já fez da LAI uma ferramenta de uso contínuo na apuração ao longo do ano de 2017.
Stratospheric ozone loss in the Arctic winters between 2005 and 2013 derived with ACE-FTS measurements
Authors: Griffin Debora , Walker Kaley A. , Wohltmann Ingo , Dhomse Sandip S. , Rex Markus , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Manney Gloria L. , Liu Jane , Tarasick David
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone loss
inside the Arctic polar vortex for the winters between 2004–2005 and
2012–2013 has been quantified using measurements from the space-borne
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS).
For the first time, an evaluation has been performed of six different ozone
loss estimation methods based on the same single observational dataset to
determine the Arctic ozone loss (mixing ratio loss profiles and the
partial-column ozone losses between 380 and 550 K). The methods used are the
tracer-tracer correlation, the artificial tracer correlation, the average
vortex profile descent, and the passive subtraction with model output from
both Lagrangian and Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs). For the
tracer-tracer, the artificial tracer, and the average vortex profile descent
approaches, various tracers have been used that are also measured by ACE-FTS.
From these seven tracers investigated (CH4, N2O, HF,
OCS, CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113), we found that CH4,
N2O, HF, and CFC-12 are the most suitable tracers for
investigating polar stratospheric ozone depletion with ACE-FTS v3.5. The
ozone loss estimates (in terms of the mixing ratio as well as total column
ozone) are generally in good agreement between the different methods and
among the different tracers. However, using the average vortex profile
descent technique typically leads to smaller maximum losses (by approximately
15–30 DU) compared to all other methods. The passive subtraction method
using output from CTMs generally results in slightly larger losses compared
to the techniques that use ACE-FTS measurements only. The ozone loss
computed, using both measurements and models, shows the greatest loss during
the 2010–2011 Arctic winter. For that year, our results show that maximum
ozone loss (2.1–2.7 ppmv) occurred at 460 K. The estimated partial-column
ozone loss inside the polar vortex (between 380 and 550 K) using the
different methods is 66–103, 61–95, 59–96, 41–89, and 85–122 DU for
March 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Ozone loss is difficult
to diagnose for the Arctic winters during 2005–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2012,
and 2012–2013, because strong polar vortex disturbance or major sudden
stratospheric warming events significantly perturbed the polar vortex,
thereby limiting the number of measurements available for the analysis of
ozone loss.
Development of a protocol for the auto-generation of explicit aqueous-phase oxidation schemes of organic compounds
Authors: Bräuer Peter , Mouchel-Vallon Camille , Tilgner Andreas , Mutzel Anke , Böge Olaf , Rodigast Maria , Poulain Laurent , van Pinxteren Dominik , Wolke Ralf , Aumont Bernard , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a new CAPRAM/GECKO-A protocol for mechanism auto-generation of aqueous-phase organic mechanisms. For the development, kinetic data in the literature was reviewed and a database with 464 aqueous-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds and 130 nitrate radical reactions with organic compounds has been compiled and evaluated. Five different methods to predict aqueous-phase rate constants have been evaluated with the help of the kinetics database: gas-aqueous correlations, homologous series of various compound classes, radical reactivity comparisons, Evans-Polanyi-type correlations, and structure-activity relationships (SARs). The quality of these prediction methods was tested as well as their suitability for automated mechanism construction. Based on this evaluation, SARs form the basis of the new CAPRAM/GECKO-A protocol. Evans-Polanyi-type correlations have been advanced to consider all available H-atoms in a molecule besides the H-atoms with only the weakest bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE). The improved Evans-Polanyi-type correlations are used to predict rate constants for aqueous-phase NO3 + organic compounds reactions. Extensive tests have been performed on essential parameters and highly uncertain parameters with limited experimental data. These sensitivity studies led to further improvements in the new CAPRAM/GECKO-A protocol, but also showed current limitations. Biggest uncertainties were observed in uptake processes and the estimation of Henry's Law coefficients as well as radical chemistry, in particular the degradation of alkoxy radicals. Previous estimation methods showed several deficits, which impacted particle growth. For further evaluation, a mesitylene oxidation experiment has been performed at the aerosol chamber LEAK at high relative humidity conditions and compared to a multiphase mechanism using the MCMv3.2 in the gas phase and a methylglyoxal oxidation scheme of about 600 reactions generated with the new CAPRAM/GECKO-A protocol in the aqueous phase. While it was difficult to evaluate single particle constituents due to concentrations close to the detection limits of the instruments applied, the model studies showed the importance of aqueous-phase chemistry in respect to SOA formation and particle growth. The new protocol forms the basis for further CAPRAM mechanism development towards a new version 4.0. Moreover, it can be used as supplementary tool for aerosol chambers to design and analyse experiments of chemical complexity and help understanding them on a molecular level.
A long-term hydrometeorological dataset (1993–2014) of a northern mountain basin: Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Rasouli Kabir , Pomeroy John W. , Janowicz J. Richard , Williams Tyler J. , Carey Sean K.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A set of hydrometeorological data is presented in this paper,
which can be used to characterize the hydrometeorology and climate of a
subarctic mountain basin and has proven particularly useful for forcing
hydrological models and assessing their performance in capturing
hydrological processes in subarctic alpine environments. The forcing dataset
includes daily precipitation, hourly air temperature, humidity, wind, solar
and net radiation, soil temperature, and geographical information system
data. The model performance assessment data include snow depth and snow
water equivalent, streamflow, soil moisture, and water level in a
groundwater well. This dataset was recorded at different elevation bands in
Wolf Creek Research Basin, near Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada,
representing forest, shrub tundra, and alpine tundra biomes from 1993
through 2014. Measurements continue through 2018 and are planned for the
future at this basin and will be updated to the data website. The database
presented and described in this article is available for download at
https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0113.
Daily evaluation of 26 precipitation datasets using Stage-IV gauge-radar data for the CONUS
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Pan Ming , Roy Tirthankar , Weedon Graham P. , Pappenberger Florian , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Huffman George J. , Adler Robert F. , Wood Eric F.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. New precipitation (P) datasets are released regularly, following
innovations in weather forecasting models, satellite retrieval methods, and
multi-source merging techniques. Using the conterminous US as a case study,
we evaluated the performance of 26 gridded (sub-)daily P datasets to obtain
insight into the merit of these innovations. The evaluation was performed at
a daily timescale for the period 2008–2017 using the Kling–Gupta efficiency
(KGE), a performance metric combining correlation, bias, and variability. As
a reference, we used the high-resolution (4 km) Stage-IV gauge-radar P
dataset. Among the three KGE components, the P datasets performed worst
overall in terms of correlation (related to event identification). In terms
of improving KGE scores for these datasets, improved P totals (affecting
the bias score) and improved distribution of P intensity (affecting the
variability score) are of secondary importance. Among the 11 gauge-corrected
P datasets, the best overall performance was obtained by MSWEP V2.2,
underscoring the importance of applying daily gauge corrections and
accounting for gauge reporting times. Several uncorrected P datasets
outperformed gauge-corrected ones. Among the 15 uncorrected P datasets, the
best performance was obtained by the ERA5-HRES fourth-generation reanalysis,
reflecting the significant advances in earth system modeling during the last
decade. The (re)analyses generally performed better in winter than in summer,
while the opposite was the case for the satellite-based datasets. IMERGHH V05
performed substantially better than TMPA-3B42RT V7, attributable to the many
improvements implemented in the IMERG satellite P retrieval algorithm.
IMERGHH V05 outperformed ERA5-HRES in regions dominated by convective storms,
while the opposite was observed in regions of complex terrain. The ERA5-EDA
ensemble average exhibited higher correlations than the ERA5-HRES
deterministic run, highlighting the value of ensemble modeling. The WRF
regional convection-permitting climate model showed considerably more
accurate P totals over the mountainous west and performed best among the
uncorrected datasets in terms of variability, suggesting there is merit in
using high-resolution models to obtain climatological P statistics. Our
findings provide some guidance to choose the most suitable P dataset for a
particular application.
Efecto de las cooperativas exportadoras de café en el crecimiento de la economía solidaria en Colombia
Authors: Vargas Prieto Amanda , Castañeda Guzmán Diana Carolina
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar el efecto generado por las cooperativas exportadoras de café en el crecimiento del sector solidario en Colombia. A través de una metodologia cualitativa se demuestra que las cooperativas exportadoras de café generan un efecto positivo en el crecimiento del sector solidario, y son representativas del mismo, puesto que son un motor de impulso para el sector agrícola, además de ser un actor fundamental en el comercio internacional, y en inversión de desarrollo social, mediante la inversión de educación formal, y otros programas de educación agrícola, por medio de los cuales se incentiva el buen uso del modelo cooperativo.
Culture Shock and Job Expectations Adjustment among Nigerian Self-Initiated Expatriates in the United Kingdom
Authors: Victor Oluwadare, Sunday
Published: January 2019

Purpose: A great number of people in the world today, live and work outside the shores of their nations of origin. It is imperative to investigate how they are faring in the face of job satisfaction/dissatisfaction and the divergent cultural environment of their sojourn in order to correctly harness their inter-cultural usefulness across the globe. This research investigated the factors that influenced the relocation of Nigerians to the United Kingdom and sustained them there, in spite of their job experiences and culture shock.Methodology/Approach: Methodology triangulation of both questionnaire survey on seventy-six participants and six in-depth interviews was employed. Reflexivity, thick description and grounded theory were the approaches engaged in the data analysis and Interpretation of results.Findings: The findings revealed that multiple reasons like education, economic, socio-political and personal, are ‘pushing’ Nigerians from home and ‘pulling’ them to the United Kingdom. It was also discovered that the Nigerians in the United Kingdom, are experiencing different forms of job dissatisfaction and culture shock but for some salient reasons, they adjust fairly well to the environment.Keywords: Self-initiated expatriates, job expectations, culture shock, and socio-cultural adjustment.
CÁLCULO DE RISCO E DETECÇÃO DE QUEIMADAS: UMA ANÁLISE NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
Authors: Sodré Giordani Rafael Conceição , De Souza Everaldo Barreiros , De Oliveira Juarez Ventura , Moraes Bergson Cavalcanti
Published: January 2019

O sensoriamento remoto e o índice de risco de fogo são as formas de detecção e previsão de queimadas utilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais para monitorar a frequência de queimadas no Brasil, no entanto observa-se que a ocorrência de uma queimada nem sempre é prevista pelo índice do risco de fogo, particularmente na região da Amazônia oriental. Assim, esta pesquisa foi motivada pelo objetivo de analisar o padrão espaçotemporal das queimadas detectadas via satélite e a eficiência dos alertas de previsão de queimadas gerados pelo cálculo do risco de fogo, considerando a variabilidade dos fenômenos meteorológicos que podem influenciar o regime pluviométrico e alterar a ocorrência de focos de queimada na região da Amazônia oriental. As análises desta investigação consideraram as alterações das condições meteorológicas moduladas pela variabilidade interanual do fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul ocorridas entres os anos de 2000 e 2017. Os resultados mostraram que, em anos menos chuvosos, os focos de queimada apresentaram maior frequência ao longo do ano. Já nos mais chuvosos, tenderam a concentrar-se no segundo semestre em proporção superior à observada nos anos mais secos. A maior parte dos focos de queimada (80%) ocorreu em áreas alteradas pela atividade humana, resultado não captadopelo índice de risco de fogo, indicando que, por este levar em conta somente variáveis ambientais e não incluir a ação do homem como parâmetro, a eficiência em antecipar a ocorrência de uma queimada se torna limitada.
GERMINAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DO TOMATE (LYCOPERSICON LYCOPERSICUM L., SOLANACEAE) EM SOLO CONTAMINADO POR AGROTÓXICOS
Authors: Da Rocha André Gomes , Espindola Evaldo Luiz Gaeta , Oliveira Vanessa Bezerra de Menezes
Published: January 2019

Considerando a necessidade de compreender os efeitos de agrotóxicos sobreorganismos não alvo, os efeitos de dois agrotóxicos, comumente utilizadosna cultura de tomate (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), foram analisadosconsiderando a germinação e o crescimento de plantas como parâmetrosde medida. Solo natural, seco e desfaunado foi inoculado com um substratomicrobiano e contaminado com as doses recomendadas do inseticida(Ingrediente Ativo (IA) abamectina), do fungicida (IA difenoconazol) e amistura de ambos. Após 0, 28, 56 e 84 dias da contaminação do solo, foramrealizados testes de germinação e crescimento de plântulas, conformeadaptações dos protocolos OECD 208 e ISO 11269-2. Em cada teste, forammensuradas a altura, a massa fresca e a massa seca das plântulas, alémda biomassa microbiana de carbono do solo. Em todos os tratamentos, osparâmetros apresentaram um crescimento não evidenciando toxicidadepara os organismos testados nas condições citadas.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS ASPECTOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS DOS SOLOS EM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS VEGETAIS
Authors: De Souza José Carlos , Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento , De Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o padrão espacial das características físicoquímicasdos solos em diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal em uma baciahidrográfica no sudeste de São Paulo. Foram analisadas as variáveis carbonoorgânico total, matéria orgânica e textura (argila, silte e areia) em 35 pontosamostrais, em diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal. A partir dos resultadoslevantados em laboratório, aplicaram-se métodos de interpolação, análisemultivariada e estatística descritiva. Os solos de pastagens registraram osmaiores teores de carbono orgânico total e matéria orgânica, enquanto asculturas temporárias, os menores. As estruturas radiculares das pastagensexplicam a potencialização no armazenamento do carbono, já o manejodo solo e o intemperismo podem responder pelos resultados das culturastemporárias. A erodibilidade do solo foi maior no médio curso da bacia,onde ocorrem os latossolos e argissolos e as maiores áreas de culturastemporárias. A variável textura foi a que apresentou maior influência noagrupamento hierárquico, e as matas e culturas temporárias registraram asmaiores similaridades entre as variáveis analisadas.
Differentiation of Roles: Instructional Designers and Faculty in the Creation of Online Courses
Authors: Halupa Colleen
Published: January 2019

Instructional design has continued to change and undergo metamorphosis. A key component of this process in higher education is the collaboration between an instructional designer and one or more faculty members to create a robust, quality online course. In this collaborative process, instructional designers are clearly the design expert, while the faculty member is the content expert. However, problems occur when roles are not clearly delineated. Conflict is often reported by instructional designers who feel they are not respected by faculty. Conflict can also occur when instructional designers cross the line and try to influence content instead of providing guidance on content delivery. In order to decrease conflict, the roles of instructional designers and the faculty they collaborate with must be clearly defined. Both the instructional designer and the faculty member should clearly articulate their expected roles in the collaborative course creation process. In addition, written policies and procedures for the instructional design process are crucial to the success of these collaborative relationships.