bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of bovine and fish gelatin in combination with microbial transglutaminase on gel properties of threadfin bream surimi
Authors: Kaewudom Pimchanok , Benjakul Soottawat , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn
Published: August 2012

Textural property of surimi products is a prime factor in determining the acceptability of consumer as well as market value. Gelatin is one of the most popular biopolymers widely used in food industry as gelling agent with the unique textural properties. Therefore, the addition of gelatin along with the use of protein cross-linkers could be a means to modify the texture of surimi gel, which can fit the demand of consumers. Surimi from the threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekeri) was added with bovine gelatin (BG) and bovine/fish gelatin mix (BFGM; 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, and 1:4) at 10% protein substitution in combination with and without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at 1.2 units/g surimi. Textural properties, whiteness, expressible moisture content, protein pattern, and microstructure and sensory properties of gels were determined. When MTGase at 1.2 units/g surimi was incorporated, the increases in breaking force and deformation were noticeable in both surimi gels, with and without 10% BG added ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, surimi gels added with BFGM at all bovine/fish gelatin ratios had the higher breaking force and deformation, compared with that added with BG, when MTGase was incorporated. Addition of BG or BFGM lowered the expressible moisture content and whiteness of surimi gel ( p < 0.05). Based on SDS-PAGE, band intensity of myosin heavy chain and actin of surimi gel decreased when surimi gel was added with all gelatins, regardless of MTGase addition. The microstructure study revealed that surimi gel network became finer and denser with the addition of MTGase (1.2 units/g surimi), but the coarser and irregular structure was obtained when gelatin was incorporated. Gelatin, especially bovine/fish gelatin mix, at an appropriate level could be used as the protein additive in surumi gel in conjunction with MTGase in order to improve the textural and nutritive properties of the products.
Validation of a transparent decision model to rate drug interactions
Authors: Far Elmira , Curkovic Ivanka , Byrne Kelly , Roos Malgorzata , Egloff Isabelle , Dietrich Michael , Kirch Wilhelm , Kullak-Ublick Gerd-A , Egbring Marco
Published: August 2012

Background

Multiple databases provide ratings of drug-drug interactions. The ratings are often based on different criteria and lack background information on the decision making process. User acceptance of rating systems could be improved by providing a transparent decision path for each category.

Methods

We rated 200 randomly selected potential drug-drug interactions by a transparent decision model developed by our team. The cases were generated from ward round observations and physicians’ queries from an outpatient setting. We compared our ratings to those assigned by a senior clinical pharmacologist and by a standard interaction database, and thus validated the model.

Results

The decision model rated consistently with the standard database and the pharmacologist in 94 and 156 cases, respectively. In two cases the model decision required correction. Following removal of systematic model construction differences, the DM was fully consistent with other rating systems.

Conclusion

The decision model reproducibly rates interactions and elucidates systematic differences. We propose to supply validated decision paths alongside the interaction rating to improve comprehensibility and to enable physicians to interpret the ratings in a clinical context.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein specific antibodies are pathogenic
Authors: Geng Hui , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Pramhed Anna , Aspberg Anders , Mattsson Ragnar , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: August 2012

Introduction

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a major non-collagenous component of cartilage. Earlier, we developed a new mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis using COMP. This study was undertaken to investigate the epitope specificity and immunopathogenicity of COMP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Methods

B cell immunodominant regions on the COMP molecule were measured with a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mammalian expressed full-length mouse COMP as well as a panel of recombinant mouse COMP fragments. 18 mAbs specific to COMP were generated and the pathogenicity of mAbs was investigated by passive transfer experiments.

Results

B cell immunodominant epitopes were localized within 4 antigenic domains of the COMP but with preferential response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Some of our anti-COMP mAbs showed interactions with the native form of COMP, which is present in cartilage and synovium. Passive transfer of COMP-specific mAbs enhanced arthritis when co-administrated with a sub-arthritogenic dose of a mAb specific to collagen type II. Interestingly, we found that a combination of 5 COMP mAbs was capable of inducing arthritis in naive mice.

Conclusions

We have identified the specificities of mAbs to COMP and their contribution to the development of arthritis. These findings will further improve our understanding of the autoantibody mediated immunopathologies occurring widely in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in other autoimmune disorders.
Anomalies: The January Effect
Authors: Thaler Richard H
Published: August 2012

This feature will report successful searches for disconfirming evidence -- economic anomalies. As suggested by Thomas Kuhn, an economic anomaly is a result inconsistent with the present economics paradigm. Economics is distinguished from other social sciences by the belief that most (all?) behavior can be explained by assuming that agents have stable, well-defined preferences and make rational choices consistent with those preferences in markets that (eventually) clear. An empirical result is anomalous if it is difficult to “rationalize,” or if implausible assumptions are necessary to explain it within the paradigm. The first anomaly we will discuss is the “January effect.” Stock prices tend to rise in January, particularly the prices of small firms and firms whose stock price has declined substantially over the past few years. Also, risky stocks earn most of their risk premiums in January.
Review of Political Economy: An Introductory Text, by Edmund S. Phelps
Authors: Weinstein Michael M
Published: August 2012

Political Economy is a scintillating excursion into modern economic thinking. Not a stultified world of price elasticities of demand. Nor a world where transaction costs are zero and information is perfect. Rather, Phelps's world is a modernist (his word) vision of asymmetric and imperfect information, incentive compatibilities, and a host of other problems of coordination and reward that plague real economies. Phelps has laid down a challenge to which all of us who teach introductory economics must respond. His achievement is stunning. Yet, I predict you will not adopt this text. Unless your students are two standard deviations smarter than the ones I teach or you are three-standard deviations better at teaching than me, this text will not work well as primary text in your undergraduate course. Still you can bet that many of us will shamelessly steal its intellectual scaffold for our lectures.
Balloon-expandable stent deformation during deployment into the iliac artery: a procedural complication managed conservatively
Authors: Hamdan M F , Maguire B G , Walker M A
Published: August 2012

The management of aortoiliac insufficiency has been improved considerably since the introduction of balloon-expandable stents in 1991. Although numerous studies have shown the safety and efficacy of balloon-expandable iliac artery stent placement, the procedure is not without potential complication. We report here a very unusual case of iliac artery stenting being complicated by deformation and elongation of the stent following balloon rupture at initial deployment with retention of the distal balloon marker and our successful approach to subsequent management with combined acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. In conclusion, this conservative approach may be an alternative treatment of a partially deployed aortoiliac stent with a retained foreign body when further intervention is considered to be of high risk.
Natural history definition and a suggested clinical approach to Buerger's disease: a case-control study with survival analysis
Authors: Fazeli Bahare , Ravari Hassan , Assadi Reza
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was first to describe the natural history of Buerger's disease (BD) and then to discuss a clinical approach to this disease based on multivariate analysis. One hundred eight patients who corresponded with Shionoya's criteria were selected from 2000 to 2007 for this study. Major amputation was considered the ultimate adverse event. Survival analyses were performed by Kaplan–Meier curves. Independent variables including gender, duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, minor amputation events and type of treatments, were determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The recorded data demonstrated that BD may present in four forms, including relapsing-remitting (75%), secondary progressive (4.6%), primary progressive (14.2%) and benign BD (6.2%). Most of the amputations occurred due to relapses within the six years after diagnosis of BD. In multivariate analysis, duration of smoking of more than 20 years had a significant relationship with further major amputation among patients with BD. Smoking cessation programs with experienced psychotherapists are strongly recommended for those areas in which Buerger's disease is common. Patients who have smoked for more than 20 years should be encouraged to quit smoking, but should also be recommended for more advanced treatment for limb salvage.
Development of a Flexible Fiber Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Probe Using a Hollow Optical Fiber and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Suzuki Toshiaki , Kitahama Yasutaka , Matsuura Yuji , Ozaki Yukihiro , Sato Hidetoshi
Published: August 2012

A flexible fiber probe for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement was developed for performing an extremely sensitive Raman analysis for biomedical applications. The Raman probe consists of a ball lens mounted on a hollow optical fiber and allows Raman signals to be measured by a contact mode. Gold (Au) nanoparticles were placed on the ball lens by a dip-and-dry method. The increase in the background noise due to the deposition of the Au nanocolloids was very small. By using this new SERS probe, a Raman spectrum of 5% gelatin aqueous solution was successfully measured. A strong SERS signal was observed for the gelatin molecule in the solution. In particular, a C-S stretching band at 732 cm−1 due to methionine residues, which could not be observed by an ordinary Raman microscope system, was observed clearly. The content of methionine was less than 1% in the gelatin molecule. The results show that this SERS probe has very high sensitivity and holds considerable promise in the applications of SERS spectroscopy for direct diagnosis of cancer tissues.
Using Metaphors as Politeness Strategies in Chinese Business Negotiations
Authors: Yang Wenhui
Published: August 2012

This empirical study addresses the question of metaphors and their functions in the realization of politeness strategies in or as face-threatening acts (FTAs) in business negotiations by looking at how metaphors are employed, interpreted and negotiated by Chinese business people in different interpersonal business relationships. The database for analysis comprises 15 encounters I collected from trade fairs in China (2004–2007). The results show that business negotiators actively construct their meanings, motives and intentions by using various forms of metaphors, which are grounded on the perspectives and values that are endorsed in their culture and language conventions. The metaphors used as rhetorical devices in FTAs or even as FTAs are further complicated as negotiators’ relationships develop. Furthermore, the interpretations of interpersonal politeness strategies and linguistic applications are determined by how business negotiators perceive and evaluate the existing business relationships, the forms of linguistic devices, and the degree of imposition of the FTAs.
SLA, i + 1, SCT, the ZPD, and other things
Authors: Lantolf James P.
Published: August 2012

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Relationships Between Social Support Cognition Types and Family Resource Management of Chinese Migrant Workers
Authors: Chen I-Jun , Hu Na , Zhang Qiu Ju , Gu Yan
Published: August 2012

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between social support cognition types and family resource management. Participants were 501 migrant workers in Suzhou, China. The results indicated that: (a) migrant workers with different social support cognition types reported significant
differences in their family resource management, (b) migrant workers with different demographic variables reported significant differences in their social support cognition types, and (c) certain demographic variables and social support cognition Type II significantly predicted family resource
management.
Middle Triassic chirotherid trackways on earthquake influenced intertidal limulid reproduction flats of the European Germanic Basin coasts
Authors: Diedrich Cajus
Published: August 2012

Chirotherid footprints of Synaptichnium, Chirotherium and Isochirotherium appeared during the late Early (Aegean) to early Late (Carnian) Triassic in central Europe. These taxa are partly revised herein, using both perfect and variably preserved tracks, and very long trackways from an upper Pelsonian intertidal-flat megatracksite of the Germanic Basin coast Pelsonian (Karlstadt Formation). The global Middle Triassic distribution of those footprints suggests seasonal migrations across Pangaea of possible archosauriform reptile trackmakers, such as Euparkeria, Ticinosuchus, Arizonasaurus and Batrachotomus, caused by horseshoe-crab mass migrations into tidal-flat beach reproductive zones in the Germanic Basin. Such seasonal migrations may even suggest a Pangaea-wide food-chain reaction, possibly including the mobilization of fish, marine and terrestrial reptiles, and of which situation the Germanic Basin intertidal-flats is a globally unique example.
Editorial
Authors: Mom Gijs , Clarsen Georgine , Seiler Cotten
Published: August 2012

Last year President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela announced the appearance of what a Dutch national newspaper called an “anticapitalist car.” The two models, named by Chávez himself as the “Orinoco” and the “Arauca,” after rivers that run through Venezuela, are locally assembled under a preferential license agreement with the Chinese automaker Chery. The cars are sold for half the price of other makes and are marketed to the expanding Venezuelan middle class. They are intended as “new attainments of the revolution” that are meant to raise the “standard of life of the people.” This new venture was in a tradition that Chávez’s opponents claim started in 2006, when he came close to making a similar deal with Iranian president Ahmadinejad.
Motorists, Non-drivers and Traffic Accidents between the Wars
Authors: Luckin Bill
Published: August 2012

This international overview focuses on the conflict between drivers and non- drivers in Britain, France, the United States, Germany, and Sweden during the interwar period. It suggests that on neither side of the Channel did pro-pedestrian movements make a major impact on national safety legislation. In the U.S.A. automobile-manufacturing interest groups undermined what they perceived to be threatening neighborhood opposition to the onward rush of the automobile. In Germany, which had earlier experienced high levels of anti-car activity, Hitler-inspired commitment to modernization nevertheless led, by the mid-1930s, to the consolidation of punitive measures against erring drivers. In Sweden, however, there appears to have been a high degree of complementarity between pro-motorism and policies designed to minimize dangerous driving. The paper concludes that an understanding of this “deviant“ position may be deepened through scrutiny of the values associated with the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party (SAP). A similar approach might be applied to the other nations discussed in the article.
Cycling in a Global World
Authors: Oldenziel Ruth , de la Bruhèze Adri Albert
Published: August 2012

During their transnational circulation, bicycles became glocalized as local users tailored them to fit local laws, customs, user preferences and cultures. Bicycles thus acquired many different local meanings as users incorporated them into daily lifes and practices in diverse global settings. To show the importance of 'normalized use', i.e. rural bicycle use, in which cycling became enduring, sustainable, new, old and new again, we need globally grounded histories of mobility.
The Appropriation of Bicycles in West Africa
Authors: Hahn Hans Peter
Published: August 2012

Bicycles have a wide range of functions and roles in West Africa. They have vital functions for everyday necessities, but they also constitute prestige objects. The appreciation of bicycles in Africa started very early, almost simultaneously with their diffusion as consumer goods in Europe. However, the adoption of bicycles followed a specific pathway, which is explained in this article within the conceptual framework of appropriation. Cultural appropriation highlights the significant modifications of bicycles in Africa and the abandonment of some functions like braking. In spite of the technical simplifications, modified bicycles are perceived as having higher value, by virtue of their fitness for the tough roads and their increased reliability. Appropriation results in a specific “Africanized“ bicycle, which makes possible a prolonged usage. This essay argues that the “Africanized“ bicycle constitutes a model of sustainability in matters of transport, one which is not sufficiently recognized in current debates about sustainable innovations.
Mediating Corporeality: Re-Interpretations at the Art/Science Interface
Authors: Adams Patricia
Published: August 2012

Contemporary scientific discoveries are rapidly modifying established concepts of embodiment and corporeality. For example, developing techniques in adult stem cell research can actively remodel the human body; whilst neuroscientists are shedding increasing light on the functioning of our brains. My research at the art/science nexus draws upon recent media theories to investigate the ways twenty-first century constructs of ‘humanness’ and the ‘self’ are affected by both historical and contemporary scientific research and developments in digital imaging technologies. In this article, examples from my artworks: “machina carnis” and “HOST” illustrate how my use of innovative digital technologies and collaborative methodologies has enabled me to immerse myself in the scientific experience at first hand. I demonstrate how my reinterpretations of what is commonly termed ‘hard’ scientific research data does not seek to emulate ‘objective’ readings of the experimental digital image data but rather recontextualises it in the context of my artworks. These artworks acknowledge the personal and visceral content in the scientific data and enable viewer/participants to reflect upon the issues raised from an emotive and individual perspective.
An Innovative Use of Renewable Ground Heat for Insulation in Low Exergy Building Systems
Authors: Meggers Forrest , Baldini Luca , Leibundgut Hansjürg
Published: August 2012

Ground heat is a renewable resource that is readily available for buildings in cool climates, but its relatively low temperature requires the use of a heat pump to extract it for heating. We developed a system that uses low temperature ground heat directly in a building wall to reduce transmission heat losses. The Active Low Exergy Geothermal Insulation Systems (ALEGIS) minimizes exergy demand and maximizes the use of renewable geothermal heat from the ground. A fluid is pumped into a small pipe network in an external layer of a wall construction that is linked to a ground heat source. This decouples the building from the outside temperature, therefore eliminating large peak demands and reducing the primary energy demand. Our steady-state analysis shows that at a design temperature of −10 °C the 6 cm thick active insulation system has equivalent performance to 11 cm of passive insulation. Our comparison of heating performance of a building with our active insulation system versus a building with static insulation of the same thickness shows a 15% reduction in annual electricity demand, and thus exergy input. We present an overview of the operation and analysis of our low exergy concept and its modeled performance.
Polyamines under Abiotic Stress: Metabolic Crossroads and Hormonal Crosstalks in Plants
Authors: Bitrián Marta , Zarza Xavier , Altabella Teresa , Tiburcio Antonio F. , Alcázar Rubén
Published: August 2012

Polyamines are essential compounds for cell survival and have key roles in plant stress protection. Current evidence points to the occurrence of intricate cross-talks between polyamines, stress hormones and other metabolic pathways required for their function. In this review we integrate the polyamine metabolic pathway in the context of its immediate metabolic network which is required to understand the multiple ways by which polyamines can maintain their homeostasis and participate in plant stress responses.
BCL::EMAS — Enantioselective Molecular Asymmetry Descriptor for 3D-QSAR
Authors: Sliwoski Gregory , Lowe Edward W. , Butkiewicz Mariusz , Meiler Jens
Published: August 2012

Stereochemistry is an important determinant of a molecule’s biological activity. Stereoisomers can have different degrees of efficacy or even opposing effects when interacting with a target protein. Stereochemistry is a molecular property difficult to represent in 2D-QSAR as it is an inherently three-dimensional phenomenon. A major drawback of most proposed descriptors for 3D-QSAR that encode stereochemistry is that they require a heuristic for defining all stereocenters and rank-ordering its substituents. Here we propose a novel 3D-QSAR descriptor termed Enantioselective Molecular ASymmetry (EMAS) that is capable of distinguishing between enantiomers in the absence of such heuristics. The descriptor aims to measure the deviation from an overall symmetric shape of the molecule. A radial-distribution function (RDF) determines a signed volume of tetrahedrons of all triplets of atoms and the molecule center. The descriptor can be enriched with atom-centric properties such as partial charge. This descriptor showed good predictability when tested with a dataset of thirty-one steroids commonly used to benchmark stereochemistry descriptors (r2 = 0.89, q2 = 0.78). Additionally, EMAS improved enrichment of 4.38 versus 3.94 without EMAS in a simulated virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS) for inhibitors and substrates of cytochrome P450 (PUBCHEM AID891).
The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS)
Authors: Huber Stefan , Huber Odilo W.
Published: August 2012

The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) is a measure of the centrality, importance or salience of religious meanings in personality that has been applied yet in more than 100 studies in sociology of religion, psychology of religion and religious studies in 25 countries with in total more than 100,000 participants. It measures the general intensities of five theoretical defined core dimensions of religiosity. The dimensions of public practice, private practice, religious experience, ideology and the intellectual dimensions can together be considered as representative for the total of religious live. From a psychological perspective, the five core-dimensions can be seen as channels or modes in which personal religious constructs are shaped and activated. The activation of religious constructs in personality can be regarded as a valid measure of the degree of religiosity of an individual. The CRS thus derives from the five dimensional measures a combined measure of the centrality of religiosity which is suitable also for interreligious studies. The paper presents the theoretical basis and rationale of its construction with different versions of the CRS in 20 languages with norm values for 21 countries. Furthermore, the paper presents versions of different extension and describes specific modifications that were developed for studies with Buddhists, Hindus and Muslims.
A Note on the Collection and Cleaning of Water Temperature Data
Authors: Sowder Colin , Steel E. Ashley
Published: August 2012

Inexpensive remote temperature data loggers have allowed for a dramatic increase of data describing water temperature regimes. This data is used in understanding the ecological functioning of natural riverine systems and in quantifying changes in these systems. However, an increase in the quantity of yearly temperature data necessitates complex data management, efficient summarization, and an effective data-cleaning regimen. This note focuses on identifying events where data loggers failed to record correct temperatures using data from the Sauk River in Northwest Washington State as an example. By augmenting automated checks with visual comparisons against air temperature, related sites, multiple years, and available flow data, dewatering events can be more accurately and efficiently identified.
Factors Affecting Consumer's Choice of Ethnic Restaurants
Authors: Kim Hwa-Kyung , Lee Timothy Jeonglyeol , Yoon Seung-Hyun
Published: August 2012

There are a growing number of ethnic restaurants in the UK and many factors influence which restaurant a consumer chooses. This study explores the factors influencing people's choice of Korean food in the UK and the results can lead to a better understanding of how to increase the awareness
of people to Korean foods. Ten face-to-face interviews were conducted and 170 surveys completed by consumers who had experienced a Korean restaurant in the UK. The study discovered the significant differences in many factors, particularly between ages and genders. The study can contribute
for ethnic restaurateurs in the UK who needs to investigate diverse segmentation of customer's behavior and preference in order to stay competitive in the market.
Factors Influencing Survival of Female Elk in a Harvested Population
Authors: Conard Jonathan M. , Sandercock Brett K. , Gipson Philip S. , Ballard Warren B.
Published: August 2012

Understanding the influence of management actions and environmental conditions on demographic vital rates is important for effective conservation and management of wildlife populations. We used radio-telemetry to monitor annual and seasonal survival of 34 female elk Cervus elaphus at Fort Riley, Kansas in a 3.5-y field study (November 2003 to February 2007). We modeled the relationship between individual and environmental covariates and survival rates of female elk. We observed eight mortalities, and harvest was the primary cause of mortality in our study population. Annual survival rates of female elk in Kansas (0.76) were similar to other harvested populations of elk. Among the candidate model set, models that included age as a covariate were most supported. Parameter estimates from top models provided support for a slight negative relationship between age and survival. Monthly survival estimates during hunting season declined with age from 0.98 for 1.5-y-old females to 0.80 for 16.5-y-old females.
Article Commentary: OB-GYN Surgeries: Why We Should Recommend to Our Patients a Preventive Management for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars
Authors: Diehl Christian
Published: August 2012

As with all surgical specialties, gynecologists and obstetricians routinely employ surgical interventions, depending on the exact nature of the problem that they are treating. Surgery is the mainstay of gynecological therapies, and in obstetrics, surgery is frequent.
Continuity of Convolution of Test Functions on Lie Groups
Authors: Birth Lidia , Glöckner Helge
Published: August 2012

For a Lie group G, we show that the map taking a pair of test functions to their convolution, is continuous if and only if G is σ-compact. More generally, consider with t ≤ r + s, locally convex spaces E1, E2 and a continuous bilinear map b : E1 × E2 → F to a complete locally convex space F. Let be the associated convolution map. The main result is a characterization of those (G; r; s; t; b) for which β is continuous. Convolution of compactly supported continuous functions on a locally compact group is also discussed as well as convolution of compactly supported L1-functions and convolution of compactly supported Radon measures.
Comparação do Desempenho Funcional de Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral Diparéticas e Hemiparéticas
Authors: Silva Flávia Priscila de Paiva , Gomes Cleidiane Noronha Mota , Gil Kelly Vicentina da Cruz , Matta Daniela Steluti Padovani Da
Published: August 2012

O desempenho funcional de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral (PC) pode ser influenciado pelo comprometimento sensoriomotor, restri­ções das tarefas e do ambiente. Objetivo. Comparar as habilidades funcionais de crianças com PC diparéticas e hemiparéticas. Méto­do. Realizou-se um estudo transversal observacional envolvendo 34 crianças com diagnóstico clínico de PC espástica divididas em dois grupos: hemiparéticas (n=18) e diparéticas (n=16). As mesmas foram selecionadas no ambulatório de Reabilitação Pediátrica da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP) no período de novembro de 2009 a novembro de 2010. Os dois grupos foram com­parados através dos resultados obtidos na aplicação do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI). Resultados. Ao compa­rar os grupos, as crianças hemiparéticas tiveram melhor desempenho em relação às crianças diparéticas apenas na área de mobilidade. Con­clusão. Pôde-se concluir que as crianças hemiparéticas e diparéticas tiveram desempenho funcional semelhante nas áreas de autocuidado e função social. Na área de mobilidade o grupo hemiparético apresen­tou melhor desempenho do que o diparético.
A case study on vibration control in a boring bar using particle damping
Authors: Senthil kumar M , Mohanasundaram KM , Sathishkumar B
Published: August 2012

Particle damping offers potential for designing a better passive damping technique with a minimal impact on the strength, stiffness and the weight of a vibrating structure. Due to its conceptual simplicity, potential effectiveness over a wide frequency range, temperature and degradation insensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, particle damping is an attractive passive damping. This paper investigates the efficiency of particle damping in control of vibrations in a boring bar using copper and lead particles of various sizes. Their damping performances were compared and the results are presented.
Numerical and experimental investigation of bolted joints
Authors: Jam JE , Ghaziani NO
Published: August 2012

In this study, the behavior and the damage caused in the bolt joints in sandwich structures with laminates made of glass fiber and foam core is investigated. Many investigators have studied the strength of mechanically bolted joints in composite structures but there is less in sandwich structures. It is performed on a fully composite airplane at the connection area of the wing to the fuselage and the landing gear. The area around the joint is surrounded by the laminates from glass layers (solid laminate) and its thickness is equal to whole thickness of sandwich panel. Different states of connection between the solid laminates, where the bolt connection is imbedded are studied. Also, the foam core around the connection is studied and the dependence of the magnitude of damage on various parameters like the connection angle, size, and the general shape of the solid laminate on buckling is evaluated. For considering the bolted joint performance, a three dimensional finite element model has been developed by ANSYS commercial code. Two proposed circular and squared shape of solid laminate has been considered. The results indicate that the squared shape as compared circular design will decrease the damage significantly. The best solid laminate interface angle (θ) which decreases the damage obtains 45o and solid laminate length is not effective in damage value. Eventually, the effect of these parameters on the local buckling due to the concentrated loading applied to the bolt connection in the sandwich structure is investigated. For confirming the analytical outcomes some experimental models were performed. For testing the analytical results a fixture has been designed. The results of the tests show that the results of the finite element analysis and those of the experimental results are closely related.
Experimental investigations on machining characteristics of Al 6061 hybrid metal matrix composites processed by electrical discharge machining
Authors: Velmurugan C , Subramanian R , Thirugnanam S , Ananadavel B
Published: August 2012

Metal matrix composites, in particular, Aluminium Matrix Composites are gaining increasing attention for applications in aerospace, defence and automobile industries. The use of nonconventional machining techniques in shaping aluminum metal matrix composites has generated considerable interest as the manufacturing of complicated contours such as dies. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) appears to be a promising technique for machining metal matrix composites. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of parameters like Current(I), Pulse on time(T), Voltage(V) and Flushing pressure(P) on metal removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate(TWR) as well as surface roughness(SR) on the machining of hybrid Al6061 metal matrix composites reinforced with 10% SiC and 4%graphite particles. Composite was fabricated using stir casting process. A central composite rotatable design was selected for conducting experiments. Mathematical models were developed using the MINITAB R14 software. The method of least squares technique was used to calculate the regression coefficients and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was used to check the significance of the models developed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was done to study the surface characteristics of the machined specimens and correlated with the models developed.
Transmission line fault distance and direction estimation using artificial neural network
Authors: Yadav A , Thoke AS
Published: August 2012

An accurate fault distance and direction estimation based on application of artificial neural networks for protection of doubly fed transmission lines is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses the voltage and current available at only the local end of line. This method is adaptive to the variation of fault location, fault inception angle and fault resistance. The Simulation results show that single phase-to-ground faults (both forward and reverse) can be correctly detected and located after one cycle after the inception of fault. Large number of fault simulations using MATLAB® has proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed scheme has significant advantage over more traditional direction relaying algorithms viz. it is suitable for high resistance fault. It has the operating time of less than 1.5 cycles. The proposed scheme allows the protection engineers to increase the reach setting up to 90% of the line length i.e. greater portion of line length can be protected as compared to earlier techniques in which the reach setting is 80-85% only.
Apresentação
Authors: Quartiero Elisa Maria , Girardello Gilka , Fantin Monica
Published: August 2012

Apresentação
Disposições temporais de futuro e longevidade escolar em famílias populares
Authors: Viana Maria José Braga
Published: August 2012

Neste trabalho descrevo resultados de duas investigações que abordam uma problemática de fundo comum: as condições que possibilitam o fenômeno, estatisticamente improvável, da longevidade escolar em meios populares. Mais especifi camente, busco identifi car nas práticas socializadoras de famílias populares um espaço de constituição de disposições facilitadoras de longevidade escolar nesses meios. Defendo que esta seria uma das formas por meio das quais as famílias populares estariam presentes na escolarização prolongada de seus fi lhos. Dentreos tipos de disposições investigados destaco, para esse trabalho, as temporais. Em pesquisa mais recente estudei sete casos de estudantes do Curso de Pedagogia da FaE/UFMG dos anos de 2002 e 2003, via entrevistas; esses sujeitos foram selecionados no interior de um corpus de 120 autobiografi as escolares produzidas de forma escrita. Embora focando os dados das entrevistas, a análise que aqui se desenvolve considera também elementos dessas autobiografi as, assim como das trajetórias de dois casos de uma pesquisa anterior. Uma conclusão mais geral desses estudos: existe, nessas famílias, um horizonte de futuro distendido – disposição que é atípica para os meios populares –, expresso, sobretudo, na possibilidade de uma vida melhor para os fi lhos via escola.
Apresentação
Authors: Torriglia Patricia Laura , Ortigara Vidalcir
Published: August 2012

Apresentação
Indagações sobre o conhecimento no campo da educação
Authors: Moraes Maria Célia M. de
Published: August 2012

A proposta do artigo é levantar a denúncia de que o conhecimento e a ciência estão sob ameaça, notadamente as ciências humanas e sociais, e formular a crítica de que o atual contexto de ceticismo epistemológico e de relativismo  ontológico compromete a capacidade de as ciências superarem suas próprias antinomias, tanto no plano explanatório como no do enfrentamento prático de seus problemas. O artigo retoma a frase “a teoria tem consequências” e argumenta que a teoria pode acentuar o ceticismo generalizado sobre o conhecimento, a verdade e a justiça, tornando-os sem sentido e introduzindo uma boa dose de irracionalismo e niilismo.  Em seu lado positivo,  a teoria pode oferecer as bases racionais e críticas para desnudar a lógica do discurso que, ao mesmo tempo em que afirma a centralidade da educação, elabora a pragmática construção de epistemologias da prática condizentes com os paradigmas que referenciam pesquisas, reformas, planos e propostas para a educação brasileira e latino-americana. A base teórica do texto é o realismo crítico e a Ontologia crítica de Lukács e Bhaskar.
A Ciência e a produção de conhecimento na pesquisa educacional: contribuições de Maria Célia Marcondes de Moraes
Authors: Torriglia Patricia Laura , Duarte Newton
Published: August 2012

O presente texto apresenta alguns pontos relevantes acerca dos problemas da ciência e da produção de conhecimento em Educação assinalados em diferentes obras escritas pela Dra. Maria Célia Marcondes de Moraes. Diversos problemas teóricos preocuparam a autora, em especial, o do ceticismo vigente e as profundas contradições nas quais os sentidos e conceitos – que significam movimentos teórico-práticos do real – se apresentam com sutis e marcadas inversões impactando o campo e a pesquisa educacional.  Com base em uma perspectiva ontológica materialista e crítica Moraes indagou e aprofundou estas questões, e em especial, discutiu o papel do ser educação em sua máxima expressão.
E. P. Thompson e a pesquisa em Ciências Sociais
Authors: Moraes Maria Célia Marcondes de , Müller Ricardo Gaspar
Published: August 2012

E. P. Thompson desenvolveu um importan- te diálogo entre as Ciências Sociais ao incorporar em suas pesquisas  históricas categorias  sociológicas e ao criticar as tendências funcionalistas de ambas as disciplinas, a Sociologia e a História. Seu método para analisar a formação da classe trabalhadora representa uma crítica simultânea às leis e regras metodológicas de historiado- res sociais e sociólogos conservadores, funcionalistas e marxistas ortodoxos. A atualidade da obra de Thompson reside no fato de que seu pensamento é uma defesa da razão e dos fundamentos ontológicos do real, um forte contraponto ao ceticismo epistemológico, à visão relativista que nega a possibi-lidade do conhecimento objetivo e ao anti-realismo correntes. As proposições thompsonianas têm a disciplina histórica como refe- rência e orientam a reflexão acerca da pesquisa sociológica e das questões político-sociais contemporâneas. Assim, os objetos da pesquisa sociológica, sem perder seu caráter específico, só ganham inteligibilidade se forem compreendidos em seu movi- mento histórico. É esta percepção de pesquisa que baliza os argumentos do artigo e reconhece Thompson como um inter-locutor privilegiado.
Rosa roja - Rosa águila: simplesmente Rosa Luxemburgo
Authors: Rajland Beatriz
Published: August 2012

Rosa Luxemburgo foi uma revolucionária integral em sua produção teórica e na ação. Internacionalista, foi comunista na ação e de pensamento participativo, se dedicou a defender os interesses da classe trabalhadora, preocupada pela liberdade, a democracia, o desenvolvimento pleno e o antiburocratismo. Distinguiu-se por não aceitar fórmulas tradicionais, mas, ao mesmo tempo, foi muito rigorosa consigo mesma, não cessando de reformular suas ideias permanentemente e as ações que, no seu entendimento, tinham um valor especial na luta política emancipadora. A “batalha de ideias” adquire, hoje, um lugar muito importante na América Latina e no Caribe, como sustentação básica na articulação do social e do político, para construir um futuro de emancipação do qual, Rosa Luxemburgo foi uma das pioneiras.
Diurnal variation of stratospheric HOCl, ClO and HO2 at the equator: comparison of 1-D model calculations with measurements of satellite instruments
Authors: Khosravi M. , Baron P. , Urban J. , Froidevaux L. , Jonsson A. I. , Kasai Y. , Kuribayashi K. , Mitsuda C. , Murtagh D. P. , Sagawa H. , Santee M. L. , Sato T. O. , Shiotani M. , Suzuki M. , von Clarmann T. , Walker K. A. , Wang S.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The diurnal variation of HOCl and the related species ClO, HO2 and HCl measured by satellites has been compared with the results of a one-dimensional photochemical model. The study compares the data from various limb-viewing instruments with model simulations from the middle stratosphere to the lower mesosphere. Data from three sub-millimeter instruments and two infrared spectrometers are used, namely from the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer (SMR) on board Odin, the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board Aura, the Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board ENVISAT, and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on board SCISAT. Inter-comparison of the measurements from instruments on sun-synchronous satellites (SMR, MLS, MIPAS) and measurements from solar occultation instruments (ACE-FTS) is challenging since the measurements correspond to different solar zenith angles (or local times). However, using a model which covers all solar zenith angles and the new SMILES instrument which measures at all local times over a period of several months provides the possibility to indirectly compare the diurnally variable species. The satellite data were averaged for latitudes of 20° S to 20° N for the SMILES observation period from November 2009 to April 2010 and were compared at three altitudes: 35, 45 and 55 km. This study presents the first evaluation of HO2 Odin/SMR data and also the first comparison of the new SMILES data and the latest version of MLS (version 3.3) with other satellite observations. The MISU-1D model has been run for conditions and locations of the observations. The diurnal cycle features for the species investigated here are generally well reproduced by the model. The satellite observations and the model generally agree well in terms of absolute mixing ratios as well as differences between the day and night values. This confirms that gas phase chemistry of these species based on latest recommendations of reaction rate constants is fairly well understood.
Cirrus crystal fall velocity estimates using the Match method with ground-based lidars: a first case study
Authors: Dionisi D. , Kekchut P. , Hoareau C. , Montoux N. , Congeduti F.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Cirrus ice particle sedimentation velocity (vr) is one of the critical variables for the parameterization of cirrus properties in a global climate model (GCM). In this study a methodology to estimate cirrus properties, such as crystal mean fall speed, through successive lidar measurements is evaluated. This "Match" technique has been applied on cirrus cloud observations and then tested with measurements from two ground-based lidars located in the Mediterranean Area. These systems have similar instrumental characteristics, and are operated manually respectively at the Observatory of Haute Provence (OHP, 43.9° N, 5.7° E) in France and at Rome Tor Vergata (RTV, 41.8° N, 12.6° E) in Italy at a distance of approximately 600 km providing systematic measurements since several years. The both sites are along a typical direction of an air path and a test case of an upper tropospheric cirrus, observed over both sites during the night between 13 and 14 of March 2008, has been identified and investigated. The analysis through lidar primarily parameters (cloud shape and vertical location) reveals a case of a thin sub-visible cirrus (SVC) located around the tropopause. The feasibility to estimate crystal fall velocity has been tested and values of 1.4–1.9 cm s−1, consistent with simple-shaped small crystals, have been retrieved. Despite several uncertainties that affect the single-wavelength lidar measurements, sedimentation could be a partial reason for the cirrus property changes (e.g. geometrical thickness and back-scattering profile distribution) observed from one site to the other. The backward trajectory analysis suggests a type of cirrus formed by large-scale transport processes (adiabatic cooling of moist air masses coming from the subtropical area around Mexico gulf), which is characterized by a long atmospheric lifetime and horizontal extension of several hundreds of km. This study shows that such approach can be improved in using closer locations, ancillary data (e.g. temperature, water vapour, etc.), particle distribution utilizing multi-wavelengths space-borne lidar measurements or balloon size particle and cirrus microphysical-resolved models.