bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV-exposure, early life feeding practices and delivery mode impacts on faecal bacterial profiles in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet , Nicol Paul , Botha Gerrit , Mounaud Stephanie , Shankar Jyoti , Nierman William C , Mulder Nicola , Budree Shrish , Zar Heather J. , Nicol Mark P. , Kaba Mamadou
Published: March 2018

There are limited data on meconium and faecal bacterial profiles from African infants and their mothers. We characterized faecal bacterial communities of infants and mothers participating in a South African birth cohort. Stool and meconium specimens were collected from 90 mothers and 107 infants at birth, and from a subset of 72 and 36 infants at 4–12 and 20–28 weeks of age, respectively. HIV-unexposed infants were primarily exclusively breastfed at 4–12 (49%, 26/53) and 20–28 weeks (62%, 16/26). In contrast, HIV-exposed infants were primarily exclusively formula fed at 4–12 (53%; 10/19) and 20–28 weeks (70%, 7/10). Analysis (of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the V4 hypervariable region) of the 90 mother-infant pairs showed that meconium bacterial profiles [dominated by Proteobacteria (89%)] were distinct from those of maternal faeces [dominated by Firmicutes (66%) and Actinobacteria (15%)]. Actinobacteria predominated at 4–12 (65%) and 20–28 (50%) weeks. HIV-exposed infants had significantly higher faecal bacterial diversities at both 4–12 (p = 0.026) and 20–28 weeks (p = 0.002). HIV-exposed infants had lower proportions ofBifidobacterium(p = 0.010) at 4–12 weeks. Maternal faecal bacterial profiles were influenced by HIV status, feeding practices and mode of delivery. Further longitudinal studies are required to better understand how these variables influence infant and maternal faecal bacterial composition.
Identification of the functional pathways altered by placental cell exposure to high glucose: lessons from the transcript and metabolite interactome
Authors: Hulme C. H. , Stevens A. , Dunn W. , Heazell A. E. P. , Hollywood K. , Begley P. , Westwood M. , Myers J. E.
Published: March 2018

The specific consequences of hyperglycaemia on placental metabolism and function are incompletely understood but likely contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to identify the functional biochemical pathways perturbed by placental exposure to high glucose levels through integrative analysis of the trophoblast transcriptome and metabolome. The human trophoblast cell line, BeWo, was cultured in 5 or 25 mM glucose, as a model of the placenta in DM. Transcriptomic analysis using microarrays, demonstrated 5632 differentially expressed gene transcripts (≥± 1.3 fold change (FC)) following exposure to high glucose. These genes were used to generate interactome models of transcript response using BioGRID (non-inferred network: 2500 nodes (genes) and 10541 protein-protein interactions). Ultra performance-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS analysis of intracellular extracts and culture medium were used to assess the response of metabolite profiles to high glucose concentration. The interactions of altered genes and metabolites were assessed using the MetScape interactome database, resulting in an integrated model of systemic transcriptome (2969 genes) and metabolome (41 metabolites) response within placental cells exposed to high glucose. The functional pathways which demonstrated significant change in response to high glucose included fatty acid β-oxidation, phospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol phosphate signalling.
Author Correction: High-pressure versus low-pressure home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation with built-in software in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD: a pilot study
Authors: Zhou Luqian , Guan Lili , Wu Weiliang , Li Xiaoying , Chen Xin , Guo Bingpeng , Huo Yating , Xu Jiawen , Yang Yuqiong , Chen Rongchang
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
A highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 photocathode without a hetero-materials overlayer for solar-hydrogen production
Authors: Kim Byungwoo , Park Gi-Soon , Chae Sang Youn , Kim Min Kyu , Oh Hyung-Suk , Hwang Yun Jeong , Kim Woong , Min Byoung Koun
Published: March 2018

Surface modification of a Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) absorber layer is commonly required to obtain high performance CIGSSe photocathodes. However, surface modifications can cause disadvantages such as optical loss, low stability, the use of toxic substances and an increase in complexity. In this work, we demonstrate that a double-graded bandgap structure (top-high, middle-low and bottom-high bandgaps) can achieve high performance in bare CIGSSe photocathodes without any surface modifications via a hetero-materials overlayer that have been fabricated in a cost-effective solution process. We used two kinds of CIGSSe film produced by different precursor solutions consisting of different solvents and binder materials, and both revealed a double-graded bandgap structure composed of an S-rich top layer, Ga- and S-poor middle layer and S- and Ga-rich bottom layer. The bare CIGSSe photocathode without surface modification exhibited a high photoelectrochemical activity of ~6 mA·cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE and ~22 mA·cm−2 at −0.27 V vs. RHE, depending on the solution properties used in the CIGSSe film preparation. The incorporation of a Pt catalyst was found to further increase their PEC activity to ~26 mA·cm−2 at −0.16 V vs. RHE.
TRPM7 in CHBP-induced renoprotection upon ischemia reperfusion-related injury
Authors: Liu Aifen , Wu Jing , Yang Cheng , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yufang , Zhao Fengbo , Wang Hui , Yuan Li , Song Lirui , Zhu Tongyu , Fan Yaping , Yang Bin
Published: March 2018

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a membrane ion channel and kinase. TRPM7 was abundantly expressed in the kidney, and up-regulated by ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Our previous studies showed that cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) improved renal IR-related injury, but its underlying mechanism is not well defined. IR-related injury was established in renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1 and HK-2) via 12 to 24-h hypoxia (H) followed by 2-24 h reoxygenation (R), and in mouse kidneys subjected to 30-min ischemia and 12-h to 7-day reperfusion. TRPM7-like current in TCMK-1 cells, TRPM7 mRNA and protein in the in vitro and in vivo models were increased, but reversed by CHBP. TRPM7 was also positively associated with LDH, HMGB1, caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2, inflammation, apoptosis, tubulointerstitial damage and renal function respectively. Furthermore, silencing TRPM7 improved injury parameters, renal histology and function in the both models. Specific TRPM7 agonist, bradykinin, exaggerated HR induced injury in TCMK-1 cells, and partially blocked the renoprotection of CHBP as well. In conclusion, TRPM7 is involved not only in IR-related injury, but also CHBP-induced renoprotection, which are through its ion channel and subsequent affects inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, TRPM7 could be a potential biomarker for IR-induced acute kidney injury.
Influence of intrauterine administration of Lactobacillus buchneri on reproductive performance and pro-inflammatory endometrial mRNA expression of cows with subclinical endometritis
Authors: Peter S. , Gärtner M. A. , Michel G. , Ibrahim M. , Klopfleisch R. , Lübke-Becker A. , Jung M. , Einspanier R. , Gabler C.
Published: March 2018

Potential beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria on the genital health of cows become of particular interest when considering the importance of an optimal uterine health status for the success of breeding in dairy farming. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of an intrauterine administration of the Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 32407 on reproductive performance, uterine health status, endometrial mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors of cows with signs of subclinical endometritis (SCE). L. buchneri DSM 32407 (n = 56; [LAC]) or a placebo (n = 60; [PLA]) was administered on day 24–30 postpartum. Endometrial cytobrush samples of cows with SCE were taken before the administration and at three following weeks (n = 16 cows each for LAC/SCE and PLA/SCE). A higher proportion of cows of the LAC and LAC/SCE group was pregnant after the first service and median days to conception for cows pregnant on day 200 pp were shorter. Three weeks after the administration, the endometrial mRNA expression of CXCL1/2, CXCL3, CXCR2, IL1B, IL8 and PTPRC was lower in the LAC/SCE group compared with the PLA/SCE group. These findings suggest that the presence of L. buchneri DSM 32407 contributes to a uterine environment that results in a better reproductive performance.
Mechanism of action of the third generation benzopyrans and evaluation of their broad anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Stevenson Alexander J. , Ager Eleanor I. , Proctor Martina A. , Škalamera Dubravka , Heaton Andrew , Brown David , Gabrielli Brian G.
Published: March 2018

Successive rounds of chemical modification in three generations of benzopyran molecules have shown to select for different mechanisms of actions and progressive increases in anti-cancer activity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of the third-generation benzopyran compounds, TRX-E-002-1 and TRX-E-009-1. High-content screening of a panel of 240 cancer cell lines treated with TRX-E-009-1 demonstrated it has broad anti-cancer potential. Within this screen, melanoma cell lines showed a range of sensitivities and subsequently a second independent panel of 21 melanoma 3D spheroid lines were assessed for their responses to both TRX-E-002-1 and TRX-E-009-1 compounds. Time-lapse microscopy illustrated both of these compounds caused mitotic delays in treated cells, resulting in either mitotic slippage or apoptosis. This finding along with immunostaining, in vitro polymerization assays, and animal experiments in both athymic and immunocompetent mice, demonstrates that these third-generation benzopyran compounds are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, and this is the molecular basis of their anti-cancer activity in melanoma. These findings indicate these BP compounds may offer a novel anti-microtubule strategy for cancer intervention and provides the basis for further investigation into biomarkers of clinical sensitivity.
Glucose-regulated protein 78 substrate-binding domain alters its conformation upon EGCG inhibitor binding to nucleotide-binding domain: Molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Gurusinghe K. R. D. Sagara N. S. , Mishra Aanchal , Mishra Seema
Published: March 2018

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), is overexpressed in glioblastoma, other tumors and during viral and bacterial infections, and so, it is postulated to be a key drug target. EGCG, an ATP-competitive natural inhibitor, inhibits GRP78 effect in glioblastoma. Structural basis of its action on GRP78 nucleotide-binding domain and selectivity has been investigated. We were interested in exploring the large-scale conformational movements travelling to substrate-binding domainvialinker region. Conformational effects of EGCG inhibitor as well as ATP on full length GRP78 protein were studied using powerful MD simulations. Binding of EGCG decreases mobility of residues in SBDα lid region as compared to ATP-bound state and similar to apo state. The decreased mobility may prevent its opening and closing over SBDβ. This hindrance to SBDα subdomain movement, in turn, may reduce the binding of substrate peptide to SBDβ. EGCG binding folds the protein stably as opposed to ATP binding. Several results from EGCG binding simulations are similar to that of the apo state. Key insights from these results reveal that after EGCG binding upon competitive inhibition with ATP, GRP78 conformation may revert to that of inactive, apo state. Further, SBD may adopt a semi-open conformation unable to facilitate association of substrates.
Enhancing doping contrast and optimising quantification in the scanning electron microscope by surface treatment and Fermi level pinning
Authors: Chee Augustus K. W.
Published: March 2018

Recent advances in two-dimensional dopant profiling in the scanning electron microscope have enabled a high throughput, non-contact process diagnostics and failure analysis solution for integrated device manufacturing. The routine (electro)chemical etch processes to obtain contamination-free, hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces is industrially important in ULSI microfabrication, though doping contrast, which is the basis for quantitative dopant profiling, will be strongly altered. We show herein that ammonium-fluoride treatment not only enabled doping contrast to be differentiated mainly by surface band-bending, but it enhanced the quality of linear quantitative calibration through simple univariate analysis for SE energies as low as 1 eV. Energy-filtering measurements reveal that the linear analytical model broached in the literature (c.f. Kazemian et al., 2006 and Kazemian et al., 2007) is likely to be inadequate to determine the surface potential across semiconductor p-n junctions without suitable deconvolution methods. Nevertheless, quantification trends suggest that energy-filtering may not be crucial if patch fields and contamination are absolutely suppressed by the appropriate edge termination and passivation.
Dimer Interface of the Human Serotonin Transporter and Effect of the Membrane Composition
Authors: Periole Xavier , Zeppelin Talia , Schiøtt Birgit
Published: March 2018

The oligomeric state of membrane proteins has recently emerged in many cases as having an effect on their function. However, the intrinsic dynamics of their spatial organization in cells and model systems makes it challenging to characterize. Here we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at multiple resolutions to determine the dimer conformation of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). From self-assembly simulations we predict dimer candidates and subsequently quantify their relative strength. We use umbrella sampling (US) replica exchange MD simulations for which we present extensive analysis of their efficiency and improved sampling compared to regular US MD simulations. The data shows that the most stable hSERT dimer interface is symmetrical and involves transmembrane helix 12 (TM12), similar to the crystal structure of the bacterial homologue LeuT, but with a slightly different orientation. We also describe the supramolecular organization of hSERT from a 250 μs self-assembly simulation. Finally, the effects of the presence of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate or cholesterol in the membrane model has been quantified for the TM12-TM12 predicted interface. Collectively, the presented data bring new insight to the area of protein and lipid interplay in biological membranes.
First-principles study on thermodynamic stability of the hybrid interfacial structure of LiMn2O4 cathode and carbonate electrolyte in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Choi Daehyeon , Kang Joonhee , Park Jinwoo , Han Byungchan
Published: March 2018

Using first-principles calculations, we examine the electrochemical interfaces of electrode and electrolyte in Li-ion batteries (LIBs).
Dopant driven tuning of the hydrogen oxidation mechanism at the pore/nickel/zirconia triple phase boundary
Authors: Iskandarov Albert M. , Tada Tomofumi
Published: March 2018

The H2 oxidation mechanism at the pore/nickel/zirconia triple phase boundary is drastically changed depending on the dopants at the boundary.
Insight into selectivity: uptake studies of radionuclides 90Sr2+, 137Cs+, and 233UO22+ with bis-amidoxime polymers
Authors: Piechowicz Marek , Chiarizia R. , Soderholm L.
Published: March 2018

Density functional theory and separation experiments combine to demonstrate the selectivity of bis-amidoxime polymer for uranyl extraction from aqueous solution.
Experimentation and modelling of nanostructured nickel cermet anodes for submicron SOFCs fuelled indirectly by industrial waste carbon
Authors: Tanveer Waqas Hassan , Iwai Hiroshi , Yu Wonjong , Pandiyan Arunkumar , Ji Sanghoon , Lee Yoon Ho , Lee Yeageun , Yaqoob Khurram , Cho Gu Young , Cha Suk Won
Published: March 2018

The development of highly structured nano-cermet anodes, operating on CO2 electro-reduced via industrial waste carbon, and their reaction mechanism.
CaI2: a more effective passivator of perovskite films than PbI2 for high efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Chuanliang , Xu Yao , Wu Shaohang , Zhang Shasha , Yang Zhichun , Zhang Wenjun , Zhu Hongmei , Xiong Zhenzhong , Chen Weitao , Chen Wei
Published: March 2018

Much less additive content of 0.5% CaI2 instead of 5% PbI2 was incorporated into the CH3NH3PbI3 film and a dense and surface-smooth morphology was obtained with much enlarged crystal grains. The champion PSC based on MAPbI3(CaI2)0.005 layer demonstrated a very high PCE of 19.3% with superior long-term stability.
An electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold modified with matrix metalloproteinase for cellularization and vascularization
Authors: Jiang Li , Gao Jingchen , Song Dongmin , Qiao Mingqiang , Tang Di , Chen Siyuan , Shi Jie , Kong Deling , Wang Shufang
Published: March 2018

HFBI-coated PCL scaffold modified with collagenase to promote cell migration though ECM degradation.
Relevance of ion clusters for Li transport at elevated salt concentrations in [Pyr12O1][FTFSI] ionic liquid-based electrolytes
Authors: Brinkkötter Marc , Giffin Guinevere A. , Moretti Arianna , Jeong Sangsik , Passerini Stefano , Schönhoff Monika
Published: March 2018

Li ion transport in ionic liquid is dominated by vehicular transport in net negatively charged clusters even at enhanced salt concentration.
Surface microstructure engenders unusual hydrophobicity in phyllosilicates
Authors: Ou Xinwen , Lin Zhang , Li Jingyuan
Published: March 2018

We present a mechanism of intriguing polar hydrophobicity of a series of naturally formed minerals: their surface cavities can effectively trap water molecules, and the water trapping remarkably disrupts the hydrogen bond interaction among interfacial water and leads to considerable hydrophobicity.
Formation of Ge–GeS core–shell nanostructures via solid-state sulfurization of Ge nanowires
Authors: Keiser Courtney , Sutter Peter , Sutter Eli
Published: March 2018

Solid-state sulfurization of Ge nanowires results in formation of layered GeS shells that provide surface passivation and oxidation protection.
Amino acid-inspired electrochemical recognition of phenylalanine enantiomers using amphoteric chitosan
Authors: Li Zhenliang , Mo Zunli , Yan Pengji , Meng Shujuan , Wang Ruijuan , Niu Xiaohui , Liu Nijun , Guo Ruibin
Published: March 2018

Inspired by amino acids with amphoteric groups for electrochemical enantiorecognition, amphoteric chitosan (ACCS) was prepared with chloroacetic acid and CS, and has perfect solubility in alkaline and acid solution, compared with CS.
Grain boundary phases in bcc metals
Authors: Frolov T. , Setyawan W. , Kurtz R. J. , Marian J. , Oganov A. R. , Rudd R. E. , Zhu Q.
Published: March 2018

Evolutionary grand-canonical search predicts novel grain boundary structures and multiple grain boundary phases in elemental body-centered cubic (bcc) metals represented by tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum.
An etching-assisted route for fast and large-scale fabrication of non-layered palladium nanosheets
Authors: Liu Yaming , Li Xiang , Bi Wei , Jin Mingshang
Published: March 2018

A gram-scale synthesis of non-layered palladium nanosheets can be accomplished within 3 min via the etching-assisted route proposed in this study.
Direct C4–H phosphonation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives employing photoredox catalysis and silver catalysis
Authors: Su Xiaoxue , Yang Fan , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: March 2018

A simple and efficient protocol for the C4–H phosphonation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was developed under a photoredox/silver(i) cocatalysis system.
A general approach for the formation of oxygen-chelated ruthenium alkylidene complexes relying on the Thorpe–Ingold effect
Authors: Sabbasani Venkata R. , Gupta Saswata , Young Yun Sang , Lee Daesung
Published: March 2018

Ruthenium alkylidene complexes are prepared via enyne ring-closing metathesis relying on the exo and endo gem-dialkyl substituent effect.
Chemical and cellular antioxidant activity of flavone extracts of Labisia pumila before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Wu Hui , Xi Hongru , Lai Furao , Ma Juanjuan , Liu Huifan
Published: March 2018

Two kinds of flavone extracts were extracted and purified from Labisia pumila (LP).
Fabrication and characterization of a novel self-assembling micelle based on chitosan cross-linked pectin–doxorubicin conjugates macromolecular pro-drug for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Li Zhi-Ping , Jiang Ming-Chao , Chen Bo , Gao Pei , Yang Sa , Liu Yu-Feng , Ye Peng-Ju , He Dong-Xiu , Huang Hong-Lin , Yu Cui-Yun
Published: March 2018

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Intensely phosphorescent block copolymer micelles containing gold(i) complexes
Authors: Guo Pingxia , He Qun , Wang Chen , Hou Zaili , Yu Bingran , Bu Weifeng
Published: March 2018

Micellization of anionic block copolymers with cationic gold(i) complexes induces remarkable phosphorescence enhancement in solution. The extent of the luminescence enhancement increases with increasing molecular weight of the anionic block.
Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene hybrids with ultrahigh volumetric capacity as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yesheng , Li Yanyan , Qiu Zhipeng , Wu Xiaozhong , Zhou Pengfei , Zhou Tong , Zhao Jinping , Miao Zhichao , Zhou Jin , Zhuo Shuping
Published: March 2018

Novel Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene hybrid exhibits great promise as a high volumetric performance anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Strong addition effect of n-type polymer with mid-energy level in polymer:fullerene solar cells with power conversion efficiency exceeding 10%
Authors: Han Hyemi , Seo Jooyeok , Song Myeonghun , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: March 2018

The efficiency of inverted-type polymer:fullerene solar cells is greatly enhanced up to >10% by adding only 0.5 wt% of n-type conjugated polymer (THBT-ht) as a mid-energy level additive due to the efficient cascade energy transfer process in the bulk heterojunction layers with finer nanoscale morphology.
Plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution by Pt/Fe–Au nanorods
Authors: Guo Xia , Li Xiaotong , Kou Shufang , Yang Xianfeng , Hu Xi , Ling Daishun , Yang Jian
Published: March 2018

Plasmonic dumbbell-like gold nanorods were selected as models to further investigate the SPR effect on electrocatalysis. Under the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance of Pt/Fe–Au gold nanorods, the electrocatalytic activity of this catalyst for HER and OER was well improved.
A robust network binder with dual functions of Cu2+ions as ionic crosslinking and chemical binding agents for highly stable Li–S batteries
Authors: Liu Jie , Sun Minghao , Zhang Qian , Dong Feifei , Kaghazchi Payam , Fang Yanxiong , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan
Published: March 2018

Polysulfides are immobilized not only by electron-rich functional groups through coordination interaction but also by cations through electrostatic attraction.
Scanning laser melting for rapid and massive fabrication of filled skutterudites with high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Ruiheng , Yao Zheng , Xing Yunfei , Bai Shengqiang , Chen Lidong
Published: March 2018

A novel rapid fabrication technique that combines scanning laser melting and spark plasma sintering is developed to synthesize bulk filled skutterudites with high thermoelectric performance.
A theoretical mechanistic study on electrical conductivity enhancement of DMSO treated PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Yildirim Erol , Wu Gang , Yong Xue , Tan Teck Leong , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei , Ouyang Jianyong , Wang Jian-Sheng , Yang Shuo-Wang
Published: March 2018

The conductivity enhancement in solvent treated PEDOT:PSS is a result of the solvation of the PSS shell, leading to the release of conductive PEDOT in the core.
Doping Y2O3 with Mn4+ for energy-efficient lighting
Authors: Ming Wenmei , Shi Hongliang , Du Mao-Hua
Published: March 2018

Develop Y2O3:Mn4+ red phosphors for energy-efficient warm white LED lighting.
Electrolytic capacitor‐less high‐brightness LED driving AC/DC converter for LED performance degradation reduction
Authors: Park H.‐Y. , Seo B.‐J. , Park K.‐S. , Kang K.‐S. , Nho E.‐C.
Published: March 2018

An electrolytic capacitor‐less AC/DC converter for high‐brightness LED driving is proposed. It is possible for the proposed scheme to be implemented in more cost‐effective and small‐sized system compared with the conventional electrolytic capacitor‐less converters with additional devices. The reliability, efficacy, and lifetime of the LED driven by the suggested converter can be improved by about 6% compared to those of the conventional converter using harmonic injection method. Experiments are carried out to show the validity of the proposed converter.
Cascaded versus parallel architectures of two‐stage optical crossbar switches with an extra set of inputs and outputs
Authors: Obara Hitoshi
Published: March 2018

Two principal two‐stage switch architectures (cascaded and parallel), both of which are composed of two identical optical crossbar switches with an extra set of inputs and outputs, are compared in terms of their number of crosspoints, switch control complexities, and key optical performances, such as insertion loss and crosstalk power, through theoretical analysis. The authors begin by briefly introducing a known N  × N cascaded optical crossbar switch with N2 /2 crosspoints, where N is the switch size, and present a new functional perspective based on quasi‐bitonic sorting. Subsequently, the authors derive two types of two‐stage parallel optical crossbar switches with reduced crosspoints from a conventional single‐stage parallel crossbar switch with N2  + 2N crosspoints. The first type uses two N /2 × N asymmetric switches in parallel, both of which are embedded in a single N /2 × N /2 crossbar switch. It has (N2  + 2N)/2 crosspoints and suffers from a complex switch control of O (N2). The second type is equivalent to a three‐stage Benes network and exploits bidirectional transmission to reduce the number of switching stages. It requires (N2  + 3N)/2 crosspoints, but has a dramatically reduced switch control complexity of O (N), and significantly improved optical performance.
Ejection processes in the young open cluster NGC 2264
Authors: McGinnis P. , Dougados C. , Alencar S. H. P. , Bouvier J. , Cabrit S.
Published: March 2018

Context. Statistical studies of the spectral signatures of jets and winds in young stars are crucial to characterize outflows and understand their impact on disk and stellar evolution. The young, open cluster NGC 2264 contains hundreds of well-characterized classical T Tauri stars (CTTS), being thus an ideal site for these statistical studies. Its slightly older age than star forming regions studied in previous works, such as Taurus, allows us to investigate outflows in a different phase of CTTS evolution.

Aims. We search for correlations between the [OI]λ6300 line, a well-known tracer of jets and winds in young stars, and stellar, disk and accretion properties in NGC 2264, aiming to characterize the outflow phenomena that occur within the circumstellar environment of young stars.

Methods. We analyzed FLAMES spectra of 184 stars, detecting the [OI]λ6300 line in 108 CTTSs and two Herbig AeBe stars. We identified the main features of this line: a high-velocity component (HVC), and a broad and narrow low-velocity components (BLVC and NLVC). We calculated luminosities and kinematic properties of these components, then compared them with known stellar and accretion parameters.

Results. The luminosity of the [OI]λ6300 line and its components correlate positively with the stellar and accretion luminosity. The HVC is only detected among systems with optically thick inner disks; the BLVC is most common among thick disk systems and rarer among systems with anemic disks and transition disks; and the NLVC is detected among systems with all types of disks, including transition disks. Our BLVCs present blueshifts of up to 50 km s−1 and widths consistent with disk winds originating between ~0.05 and ~0.5 au from the central object, while the NLVCs in our sample have widths compatible with an origin between ~0.5 and ~5 au, in agreement with previous studies in Taurus.

A comparison of [OI]λ6300 profiles with CoRoT light curves shows that the HVC is found most often among sources with irregular, aperiodic photometric variability, usually associated with CTTSs accreting in an unstable regime. No stellar properties (Teff, mass, rotation) appear to significantly influence any property of protosellar jets. We find jet velocities on average similar to those found in Taurus.

Conclusions. We confirm earlier findings in Taurus which favor an inner MHD disk wind as the origin of the BLVC, while there is no conclusive evidence that the NLVC traces photoevaporative disk winds. The [OI]λ6300 line profile shows signs of evolving as the disk disperses, with the HVC and BLVC disappearing as the inner disk becomes optically thin, in support of the scenario of inside-out gas dissipation in the inner disk.
Hot star extension to theHubbleSpace Telescope stellar spectral library
Authors: Khan Islam , Worthey Guy
Published: March 2018

Context.Libraries of stellar spectra find many uses in astrophysics, from photometric calibration to stellar population synthesis.

Aims.We present low resolution spectra of 40 stars from 0.2μm (ultraviolet) to 1.0μm (near infrared) with excellent fluxing. The stars include normal O-type stars, helium-burning stars, and post-asymptotic giant branch (PAGB) stars.

Methods.Spectra were obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) installed in theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) using three low resolution gratings, G230LB, G430L, and G750L. Cosmic ray hits and fringing in the red were corrected. A correction for scattered light was applied, significant only for our coolest stars. Cross-correlation was used to bring the spectra to a common, final, zero velocity wavelength scale. Finally, synthetic stellar spectra were used to estimate line of sight dust extinction to each star, and a five-parameter dust extinction model was fit, or a one-parameter fit in the case of low extinction.

Results.These spectra dovetail with the similar Next Generation Stellar Library (NGSL) spectra, extending the NGSL’s coverage of stellar parameters, and extending to helium burning stars and stars that do not fuse.

Conclusions.The fitted dust extinction model showed considerable variation from star to star, indicating variations in dust properties for different lines of sight. Interstellar absorption lines are present in most stars, notably MgII.
Tumor der Fingerbeugesehne - Ein klarer Fall?
Authors: Schöwe Christin , Jung Florian johannes , Sproedt Julia
Published: March 2018

Fallbericht

Ein 11-jähriger Junge wurde zur Abklärung einer Raumforderung palmar am linken Zeigefinger in die handchirurgische Sprechstunde zugewiesen. Die knotige Veränderung
war dem Patienten durch intermittierende Beschwerden beim Gitarre spielen aufgefallen. Ein Schnellen des Zeigefingers wurde nicht beobachtet. Ein auslösendes
Unfallereignis oder eine Schnittverletzung waren nicht erinnerlich.
Synthesis of Nepetoidin B
Authors: Timokhin Vitaliy , Regner Matthew , Tsuji Yukiko , Grabber John , Ralph John
Published: March 2018

The first synthesis of nepetoidin B in an overall yield of 17% was achieved in two steps through Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of commercially available 1,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one with oxone to produce the tetramethylated nepetoidin B, followed by demethylation using boron tribromide.
CuI/Et2NH-Catalyzed One-Pot Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles in Green Solvent Glycerol
Authors: Zhao Yongde , Guo Shengqiang , Zhou Yang , Dai Bencai , Huo Cuimeng , Liu Changchun
Published: March 2018

A concise one-pot three-component reaction of organic halides­, terminal acetylenes, and sodium azide provided an efficient route for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. A variety of 1,2,3-triazoles were prepared in good to excellent yields with green solvent glycerol. This procedure used CuI and diethylamine, which are two easily available reagents as the new catalytic system at room temperature.
Synthetic Transformations of Alkenyl MIDA Boronates toward the Efficient Construction of Organoborons
Authors: Wang Honggen , Zeng Yao-Fu , Lv Wen-Xin , Tan Dong-Hang
Published: March 2018

The attachment of N-methyliminodiacetyl boron (MIDA boron) to alkenes leads to a new type of activated alkenes. Synthetic manipulation of the alkene double bond while retaining the boron moiety offers an unprecedented opportunity for the construction of organoborons. These reactions feature unique reactivity, good regioselectivity, and they can be used to access organoborons that are historically difficult to prepare. Herein, we give a brief summary of advances in the use of alkenyl MIDA boronates as starting materials for organoboron synthesis. Mechanisms are discussed where relevant.
Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones
Authors: Wu Wei , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: March 2018

Trifluoromethyl ketones have recently been attracting considerable attention because they represent powerful synthetic building blocks with potential pharmaceutical applications. This short review provides an overview of recent development in the synthesis of aryl trifluoromethyl ketones with novel reagents.

1 Introduction

2 Various Methods for the Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones­

2.1 Oxidation of Trifluoromethyl Alcohols

2.2 Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation Reactions

2.3 Electrophilic-Type Reactions

2.4 Recently Developed Direct Trifluoroacetylation

3 Conclusions
Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) Following Lung Transplantation
Authors: Shah Rupal , Diamond Joshua
Published: March 2018

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury that results from ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and is the major cause of early posttransplant morbidity and mortality. Patients who survive PGD have decreased quality of life, an increased risk of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, specifically bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and a significantly increased risk of death. In 2017, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation released updated consensus statements on the PGD definition, most up-to-date PGD risk factors, mechanisms of PGD development, and the state-of-the-art for PGD therapeutics. Risk factor identification has led to the development of PGD predictive algorithms, although their clinical utility remains limited. Ongoing areas of controversy and discussion include further refinements to the PGD grading scheme to account for technologic advances such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the increased utilization of high flow nasal cannula, the use of PGD as an outcome measure in clinical trials of ex vivo lung perfusion, enhancement of predictive algorithms incorporating biochemical risk factors, and the need for development of therapies targeted at improving PGD outcomes.
Academic Performance of Children with ADHD in Ile Ife, South West, Nigeria
Authors: OKE Oluwasola Julius , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa Aderonke , Oseni Saheed B. , Mosaku Kolawole S.
Published: March 2018

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder that affects attention and concentration of children. In Africa, there is a lack of information on academic performance of children with ADHD. This article aims to (1) determine the academic performance and intelligent quotient (IQ) of pupils with ADHD, (2) compare the academic performance and IQ of children with ADHD to those without ADHD, and (3) determine other factors affecting academic performance in children with ADHD. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ile Ife among pupils aged 5 to 12 years. They were screened with Disruptive Behavioral Disorder Rating Scale, IQs determined with the Draw-A-Person test (DAPT), the academic performance determined with academic performance questionnaire (APQ), and continuous assessment (CA) score for 2013/2014 session recorded. A total of 32.3% of 65 pupils with ADHD had low CA score, while 9.6% of 1,320 pupils without ADHD had low CA score. The CA score of pupils with ADHD was significantly lower (χ2
 = 36.875, p = 0.001), particularly among older children aged 9 to 12 years (χ
2 = 4.135, p = 0.042). A total of 46.2% of 65 pupils with ADHD had subnormal IQ, while 47.2% of 1,320 pupils without ADHD had subnormal IQ. There was no significant difference between the IQ of children with ADHD and their peers without ADHD (χ2
 = 0.023, p = 0.879). Children with ADHD had similar IQ as their peers without ADHD but lower CA score. The low academic performance in pupils with ADHD could be attributed to inattentiveness in the affected pupils.
Text Mining and Automation for Processing of Patient Referrals
Authors: Todd James , Richards Brent , Vanstone Bruce , Gepp Adrian
Published: March 2018

Background Various tasks within health care processes are repetitive and time-consuming, requiring personnel who could be better utilized elsewhere. The task of assigning clinical urgency categories to internal patient referrals is one such case of a time-consuming process, which may be amenable to automation through the application of text mining and natural language processing (NLP) techniques.

Objective This article aims to trial and evaluate a pilot study for the first component of the task—determining reasons for referrals.

Methods Text is extracted from scanned patient referrals before being processed to remove nonsensical symbols and identify key information. The processed data are compared against a list of conditions that represent possible reasons for referral. Similarity scores are used as a measure of overlap in terms used in the processed data and the condition list.

Results This pilot study was successful, and results indicate that it would be valuable for future research to develop a more sophisticated classification model for determining reasons for referrals. Issues encountered in the pilot study and methods of addressing them were outlined and should be of use to researchers working on similar problems.

Conclusion This pilot study successfully demonstrated that there is potential for automating the assignment of reasons for referrals and provides a foundation for further work to build on. This study also outlined a potential application of text mining and NLP to automating a manual task in hospitals to save time of human resources.
Non-REM-Träume
Authors: Hoppe Jürgen
Published: March 2018

Träume des Non-REM-Schlafs werden gegenüber denen des REM-Schlafs in Forschung und klinischer Praxis vernachlässigt oder sogar ignoriert. Zu Unrecht! Oft fragmentarisch, sind sie weniger als die Träume des REM-Schlafs als „Königsweg zur Kenntnis des Unbewussten“ (1) geeignet. Dennoch können sie einen Blick auf die kognitive Aktivität des Gehirns im Non-REM-Schlaf ermöglichen und dadurch zur Klärung von Störungsbildern des Non-REM-Schlafs und der Entwicklung von Behandlungsstrategien beitragen (9,12).
Sagittale Balance und posttraumatische Kyphose
Authors: Pingel Andreas , Franke Jörg , Kandziora Frank
Published: March 2018

Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll in die Grundlagen der sagittalen Balance der Wirbelsäule einführen, die diagnostischen Maßnahmen und insbesondere die Messmethoden des Wirbelsäulenprofils und der Beckenparameter darstellen sowie als typisches Krankheitsbild einer sagittalen Deformität die posttraumatische Kyphose vorstellen. In einem zweiten Teil in einem der folgenden Hefte werden die spezifischen konservativen und operativen Behandlungsmethoden von sagittalen Profilstörungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der posttraumatischen kyphotischen Wirbelsäulendeformitäten beschrieben.
Prävention sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs im Dunkelfeld – das Hamburger
Modell
Authors: Briken Peer , Berner Wolfgang , Flöter Annika , Jückstock Vivian , von Franqué Fritjof
Published: March 2018

Sollte Menschen, die ein sexuelles Interesse an Kindern haben, die
Missbrauchsabbildungen nutzen oder befürchten, sexuelle Missbrauchshandlungen an
Kindern zu begehen, ein Therapieangebot im Dunkelfeld gemacht werden? Sollte
dies ein zentraler Bestandteil der Prävention sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs sein?
Wie sollte ein solches Angebot aussehen, damit es das Ziel, die Prävention von
Kindesmissbrauch, erfüllen kann?
Structural, electronic, and optical properties of the C-C complex in bulk silicon from first principles
Authors: Timerkaeva Dilyara , Attaccalite Claudio , Brenet Gilles , Caliste Damien , Pochet Pascal
Published: March 2018

The structure of the CiCs complex in silicon has long been the subject of debate. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have attempted to shed light on the properties of these defects that are at the origin of the light emitting G-center. These defects are relevant for applications in lasing, and it would be advantageous to control their formation and concentration in bulk silicon. It is therefore essential to understand their structural and electronic properties. In this paper, we present the structural, electronic, and optical properties of four possible configurations of the CiCs complex in bulk silicon, namely, the A-, B-, C-, and D-forms. The configurations were studied by density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. Our results suggest that the C-form was misinterpreted as a B-form in some experiments. Our optical investigation also tends to exclude any contribution of A- and B-forms to light emission. Taken together, our results suggest that the C-form could play an important role in heavily carbon-doped silicon.
Liquid-assisted tunable metasurface for simultaneous manipulation of surface elastic and acoustic waves
Authors: Yuan Si-Min , Ma Tian-Xue , Chen A.-Li , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: March 2018

A tunable and multi-functional one-dimensional metasurface, which is formed by engraving periodic semi-ellipse grooves on the surface of an aluminum half-space, is proposed in this paper. One characteristic of the metasurface is the manipulation of multi-physical fields, i.e. it could be utilized to manipulate surface elastic and acoustic waves simultaneously. The dispersion curves of the elastic and acoustic waves can be effectively tuned by adding liquids into the grooves. Based on the tunability different applications can be realized by adding different volumes of different liquids into the grooves. As an example, simultaneous rainbow trapping of the surface elastic and acoustic waves is demonstrated in the metasurface. Moreover, a resonant cavity where the elastic and acoustic waves are highly confined is reported. The proposed metasurface paves the way to the design of multi-functional devices for simultaneous control of elastic and acoustic waves.
High pressure structural stability of the Na-Te system
Authors: Wang Youchun , Tian Fubo , Li Da , Duan Defang , Xie Hui , Liu Bingbing , Zhou Qiang , Cui Tian
Published: March 2018

The ab initio evolutionary algorithm is used to search for all thermodynamically stable Na-Te compounds at extreme pressure. In our calculations, several new structures are discovered at high pressure, namely, Imma Na2Te, Pmmm NaTe, Imma Na8Te2 and P4/mmm NaTe3. Like the known structures of Na2Te (Fm-3m, Pnma and P63/mmc), the Pmmm NaTe, Imma Na8Te2 and P4/mmm NaTe3 structures also show semiconductor properties with band-gap decreases when pressure increased. However, we find that the band-gap of Imma Na2Te structure increases with pressure. We presume that the result may be caused by the increasing of splitting between Te p states and Na s, Na p and Te d states. Furthermore, we think that the strong hybridization between Na p state and Te d state result in the band gap increasing with pressure.
Oxygen and sulfur adsorption on vicinal surfaces of copper and silver: Preferred adsorption sites
Authors: Liu Da-Jiang , Thiel Patricia A.
Published: March 2018

We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) study of adsorption site energetics for oxygen and sulfur adsorbed on two vicinal surfaces of Cu and Ag, with the goal of identifying the most stable adsorption site(s), identifying trends and common themes, and comparing with experimental work in the literature where possible. We also present benchmark calculations for adsorption on the flat (111) and (100) surfaces. The first vicinal surface is the (211), and results are similar for both metals. We find that the step-doubling reconstruction is favored with both adsorbates and is driven by the creation of a special stable fourfold hollow (4fh) site at the reconstructed step. Zig-zag chain structures consisting of X–M–X units (X = chalcogen, M = metal) at the step edge are considered, in which the special 4fh site is partially occupied. The zig-zag configuration is energetically competitive for oxygen but not sulfur. DFT results for oxygen agree with experiment in terms of the stability of the reconstruction, but contradict the original site assignment. The second vicinal surface is the (410), where again results are similar for both metals. For oxygen, DFT predicts that step sites are filled preferentially even at lowest coverage, followed by terrace sites, consistent with the experiment. For sulfur, in contrast, DFT predicts that terrace sites fill first. Oxygen forms O–M–O rows on the top edge of the step, where it occupies incomplete 4fh sites. This resolves an experimental ambiguity in the site assignment. For both the (211) and (410) surfaces, the interaction energy that stabilizes the X–M–X chain or row correlates with the linearity of the X–M–X unit, which may explain key differences between oxygen and sulfur.
Red emission enhancement from CaMoO4:Eu3+ by co-doping of Bi3+ for near UV/blue LED pumped white pcLEDs: Energy transfer studies
Authors: Wangkhem Ranjoy , Yaba Takhe , Shanta Singh N. , Ningthoujam R. S.
Published: March 2018

CaMoO4:Eu3+ (3 at. %)/Bi3+ (x at. %) nanophosphors were synthesized hydrothermally. All the samples can be excited by 280, 320, 393, and 464 nm (blue) wavelengths for generation of red color emission. Enhancement in 5D0 → 7F2 (615 nm) emission (f-f transition) of Eu3+ is observed when Bi3+ is incorporated in CaMoO4:Eu3+. This is due to the efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ ions. Introduction of Bi3+ in the system does not lead to the change of emission wavelength of Eu3+. However, Bi3+ incorporation in the system induces a shift in Mo-O charge transfer band absorption from 295 to 270 nm. This may be due to the increase in electronegativity between Mo and O bond in the presence of Bi3+ leading to change in crystal field environment of Mo6+ in MoO42−. At the optimal concentration of Bi3+, an enhancement in emission by a factor of ∼10 and 4.2 in the respective excitation at 393 (7F0 → 5L6) and 464 nm (7F0 → 5D2) is observed. The energy transfer efficiency from Bi3+ to Eu3+ increases from 75% to 96%. The energy transfer is observed to occur mainly via dipole-dipole interactions. Maximum quantum yield value of 55% is observed from annealed CaMoO4:Eu3+ (3 at. %) when sensitized with Bi3+ (15 at. %) under 464 nm excitation. From Commission International de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates, the color (red) saturation is observed to be nearly 100%.