bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Autonomy in Further Education
Authors: Mobbs F.F.
Published: February 2008

The inadequacy of our present system of managing Colleges of Further Education was exposed with characteristic vigour and wit by Dr Brosan, Principal of Enfield College of Technology, at the National Educational Conference in December 1966. On that occasion Dr Brosan distinguished between three principles of Government widely accepted by different sections, eg the principle of public trust with control vested in elected education committees, the delegation to, or assumption of, power by full‐time officials, and academic control vested in a collective body of the staff. He selected the latter as the most desirable although he showed himself to be well aware of the initial disadvantages. In this article I am suggesting ways in which we can evolve towards responsible staff government.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

The new Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, Liverpool, can claim to be the first in Britain to break completely with traditional cathedral architecture. Using advanced techniques and modern materials it has been built to last a minimum of 500 years, and a record of its construction is given in A Cathedral in Our time (col, 20 min). Commissioned in 1961 by Lowe & Rodin, the consulting engineers, the film does more than simply explain how Sir Frederick Gibberd's unique design was interpreted — it also shows the very human story of the clergy and all those involved in the project.
The Cuts
Authors: Burgess Tyrrell
Published: February 2008

That there is no defence for the educational cuts announced in January is evident from what Ministers say about them. Education must be cut because every sector of Government expenditure is being cut, regardless of importance. Mr Gordon Walker keeps saying that there are no cuts — just a “slowing up in the planned rate of growth”. But the children who entered secondary schools this academic year would have had a compulsory school life lasting until 16. Now it is 15. Is that not a cut ? When challenged about the peculiar idiocy of not raising the age Ministers have no answer but to ask for other suggestions. They even claim that picking on the leaving age avoids cuts elsewhere when, as we shall see, it actually causes them. The cuts in education, like the rest of the “package”, rest on no principle or consistency. They are the antithesis of planning, conceived in haste and announced in muddle.
A part‐time day release course lor industrial instructors
Authors: Mansell J.W.
Published: February 2008

This is boom time for industrial instructors. The various recommendations now coming from the industrial training boards are all calling for instructors. Formal training off‐the‐job and planned experience on‐the‐job, will only be successful if sufficient instructors are forthcoming. Generous grants are available from the training boards and all that remains is for the necessary instructor training to take place. The traditional two‐week courses at Hillingdon and Letchworth are over subscribed and it is natural therefore that many technical colleges should be looking at this problem. Some training boards such as the Wool, Jute and Flax ITB have already given a mandate to several technical colleges to act on their behalf and take over the running of instructor courses. Where the industry is more diversified however, the problems become more complex.
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

The Engineering Industries Training Board has at least one claim to distinction: it is the first body I have known to produce a form which you cannot fill in unless you have attended two conferences to tell you how. The Board has thus ensured that firms must do a minimum of training — even the most recalcitrant must train someone to explain in a proper manner why they do no training.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

A monthly column in which Brian MacArthur, Education Correspondents of The Times, reviews the month's news in education.
Engineering apprenticeships
Authors: Peace A.G.
Published: February 2008

On the principle that the proof of the pudding lies in the eating, and with recollections of the much publicised comments a few years ago of the opinions of American undergraduates of their teachers, a small selection of apprentices were asked their opinions about their apprenticeships.
Educating the teachers
Authors: Duane Michael
Published: February 2008

It is as a result of the artificial separation into academic, intellectual and employer, on the one hand, and practical, manual worker on the other, and the exploitation of the lower classes by the upper, that education today falls into two main areas — that for the upper and upper‐middle classes who will be the property owners, the employers, and the rulers of our society, and that for the lower classes, with an increasing area of overlap as education becomes increasingly necessary for a technical society. The separation in social function and in education creates large problems of communication and of social strife, as Basil Bernstein so clearly shows. The children of the higher social classes (some 30 per cent) have a rich infant experience of play and language that enables them to profit from education, while the restricted experience and languages of the lower classes (some 30–40 per cent) denies them this possibility and ensures that they will continue to act as beasts of burden without serious complaint. They form the bulk of our ‘Newsom’ children, passive, apathetic, untouched by many of teacher's values, often completely lost in an academic fog, and conditioned only to accept authority without question.
The marine engineer today
Authors: Thomason J.C.
Published: February 2008

There is revolution everywhere on the maritime scene and the password is rationalization. Rationalization of work; rationalization of equipment; rationalization of dock facilities; rationalization of cargo; rationalization of ship operation. A new philosophy permeates, the whole industry, throwing up new concepts and challenging old ones. Ships are becoming more and more specialized in design and function in order to meet the need for rationalization both in its technical and commercial aspects. Giant tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships spearhead the revolution but many extremely forward looking new concepts of cargo handling and transportation systems are already in the pipeline. On the ship itself a technological revolution is progressing towards inevitable comprehensive automation as a remedy for economic ills. Diagnosis shows that the chronic shortage of certificated seagoing engineers, superimposed on the urgent necessity for increased economy and higher efficiency over the whole complex of shipboard operation, leaves little alternative to the automation prescription. It is true, of course, that automatic control of isolated individual elements of machinery has been featured at sea for a long long time. The escalation, however, in recent years from individual isolated application to overall centralized automatic control of the machinery from a control station sited inside the engine room (or outside), is indicative of the palliative and remedial action of the medicine as prescribed. It is only fair to state, however, that initiatory experience of ‘automation’ some years ago, especially in the oversell of electronic equipment by firms with no marine experience has made many shipowners justifiably sceptical about the prognosis.
Diffusion Studies
Authors: Jenkins Edgar
Published: February 2008

It is evident that important and far reaching changes are at present contemplated at all levels of the educational system. In particular, innovations of all sorts are being offered to the schools, eg the four term year, ‘new’ mathematics, language laboratories, comprehensive re‐organization, non‐streaming, programmed learning, and the numerous Nuffield projects. But contemporary reform in education involves much more than the introduction and acceptance of new visual aids, textbooks, methods of organizing the school timetable and so on. Recent developments in school science, mathematics and modern language teaching demand a change in the teaching approach and a departure from what appears to have been traditional practice. Thus the Nuffield O‐level project in science set out to sell a new attitude1 and not, primarily, a new course. The emphasis in the reform of modern language teaching lies in the direction of an audio‐visual approach to the subjects concerned.
Simulation in Education
Authors: Tansey Pat , Unwin Derick
Published: February 2008

Simulation may be simply explained as being the creation of a situation which could occur in real life, usually with the variables simplified, for the purpose of instruction. When an element of competition is introduced into the simulation, custom describes the result as a game. There are academic games, war games, management games and so on.
THE HAIFA TECHNION
Authors: Weir Veronica
Published: February 2008

The Technion is Israel's oldest institution of higher learning. Its origins date back to the years of pre‐World War I. To 1912 to be exact. But, due to the outbreak of hostilities it begun to function only in 1924. Some years had to pass before it got over its birth pangs. Its infancy led to moderate accomplishments compared to the present fame. The Technion stands to‐day on 300 acres of wooded land. Its campus on Mount Carmel is one of the most beautiful in the world. A city within a city the Technion comprises some forty impressive, modern buildings that blend into their landscaped setting. It took the newly founded College for Higher Education, which is in the Negev, under its wings, and the young Haifa University is affiliated with the Technion. Academically, it is being compared to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Not only for being a Technical University but for the superior qualifications demanded from its teaching staff and the high standard expected from its students.
October 27 Revolution — Student protest
Authors: Nash Roy , Render James
Published: February 2008

Medieval England knew of student disturbances bloodier and more violent than anything that has occurred in Grosvenor Square to date. Yet today's disturbances have a radically different quality. The days of moderate dominance have seemingly passed. Indeed, the position of the National Union of Students as the Woodcraft Folk of Transport House is itself in jeopardy. Their post‐student leaders can no more control the radical minority than convince the vice‐chancellors that today's student is any different from his 1930s predecessor. Tio Pepe diplomacy is still more impressive to them than militant action. Nevertheless, the actions of 27 October (in as far as they concerned students) have crystallised the dilemma of what might be termed the disenfranchised privileged. Votes at 18 can only placate the more vociferous. What is at stake in the present wave of student unrest is no less than the fabric of our presently intimately stratified society. The prime motivation even of today's Maoists can only be guilt. As the pieces that follow indicate, we would be well advised not to dismiss this present activity as a transitory phenomenon. For behind all the romantic political hogwash, today's students are displaying a level of responsibility that was previously never apparent. For too long the British student was the joke of Europe — epitomized by the King's, London, engineer; he didn't read and it was doubtful that he could even count. Only Oxbridge and sitting below the Chelsea boot really mattered. Perhaps at Oxbridge this is still true.
Teacher training
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

Thirty years ago the teacher training colleges of England and Wales contained about 10 000 students. By this year the number had increased tenfold — to just over 100 000.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

Equipment In order to consolidate their present position and help expansion both in the UK and abroad, Rank Audio Visual will be marketing their products under the trade name Rank Aldis.
EDUCATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Goldman Ronald
Published: February 2008

How do we educate in a multi‐racial society so that the population at large both understands and accepts the need for the same human rights to be enjoyed by all members of society irrespective of their colour, their religion, or their ethnic origins? This is no easy question and the battle has been fought many times in the last 150 years for the Catholic minorities in this country, Jewish minorities, and minorities generally. It is clear that it is insufficient merely to declare that human rights should be shared by all in society on an equal basis. Those who already agree will support demands for equal rights and those who do not will merely express their dissent. We are faced here not with a process of information, of helping people within a society to understand a new and sometimes a menacing or threatening group, but we are concerned basically with the whole question of how we develop and change the beliefs and attitudes of one group of people in relation to another. Psychologically we still do not know enough of how attitudes are formed and certainly we do not know enough about how attitudes are changed.
The next 2 years for this government and what it should do in education
Authors: Price Chris
Published: February 2008

It is an occupational risk of any minister of education that he harbours ambitions of bequeathing his surname to posterity, by fathering a new Education Act. This is normally a temptation to be resisted. Up till now, the 1944 Act has stood the test of time quite well, and there has been little agreement as to what amendments should be put in the place of those parts of it which are not working very well. It contains priceless compromises between Church and State such as no other Western country has yet achieved, compromises themselves only possible because the Act went through Parliament during the war. They were achieved at a cost of granting to the churches a scale of state aid and support far more generous than they received in any other country, and by and large it has probably been worth it. Some of its provisions have been very slow in working out (we are only just now eliminating the last few all‐age schools and making the secondary education for all, which it heralded, a reality); others, like County Colleges, have never and probably now will never take shape. There are so many arguments for not bringing in a new Act now — ‘no money’ ‘leave well alone’ ‘the '44 Act isn't yet implemented’ ‘reform local government first and education will naturally follow’ — that one has to look rather deeper for the reasons behind the recent DES announcement that a new Act is in active preparation.
Educational Selection and Guidance
Authors: Wymer Ivor , Rosier Mrs M.
Published: February 2008

In England selection and guidance are based on one or a combination of the following methods: interviewing, assessment over a period, written examinations and objective grading tests.
An engine test bed
Authors: Plint M.A.
Published: February 2008

Despite the changing content of engineering courses, it is still essential for the student to master a substantial body of fixed basic concepts; there is little point in changing the methods of teaching these merely for the sake of doing so.
An Approach to Training Research
Authors: Clift J.C.
Published: February 2008

Over the last few years the term ‘training research’ has appeared more and more in the training literature. However in most cases it has been concerned with what could be classified as pure research. It is my belief that the most direct return to management is to be found in the field of applied training research. In the applied field two main areas can be isolated:
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

In 1964 the National Advisory Council on Education for Industry and Commerce established a committee on the more effective use of technical college resources. Its first report, often known as the Pilkington Report after the committee's first chairman, was the notoriously incompetent enquiry into class sizes which was used to justify a decision about minimum course enrolments that had earlier been taken by the officials of the Department of Education and Science. That report made a bang but the second made only a whimper: this was the report published last year on the use of buildings and equipment. Both reports were typical products of stage army committees meeting in the Department to approve the homework of civil servants; the first was more significant than the second only because it was linked with specific administration action.
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

No reader of this column during the past twelve months will be surprised by the news, now trickling through day after day, of the measures local authorities are taking to restrict expenditure on further education. The ATTI has started to issue a series of press releases about LEA decisions on estimates for the next financial year. Nobody who knows anything of the development of further education since the war can fail to feel a sense of anger about this. This is intensified for me by the irresponsible attitude of the Secretary of State to it; and I use this term not carelessly but quite literally.
A.C.E.
Authors: DEADMAN RONALD
Published: February 2008

Founded in 1960, with Dr Michael Young as its chairman, and Tyrrell Burgess as director, ACE does more than answer questions from worried mums: it publishes books, runs residential courses, and conducts more than a few educational experiments. Perpetual stirrers, they have recently held a conference on discipline in schools, and no one will be in any doubt why they held it or what side they're on. Largely owing to their constant badgering for the rights of parents, those old signs in primary school corridors reading ‘Parents must not proceed beyond this point’ are disappearing. Streaming — a subject present director Brian Jackson has always felt strongly about — may also owe its abolition in many areas to the force of ACE's arguments — which favour strongly grouping in the primary school, as much individual attention as possible from teachers for slower‐learning children, discovery methods to replace rote learning, creative writing, a new approach to music — creative rather than passive, again — Nuffield Science for juniors and a new deal for nursery toddlers — all have come under ACE's hammer at some time or another. Not content merely to keep reiterating Lady Plowden's recommendations for the primary school, Where has often researched far beyond the immediately obvious educational priority areas and has outlined the needs for deprived groups like gypsy children. Pressurizing for comprehensives doesn't go off the boil when the idea takes root even in High Tory enclaves: with ACE it goes on simmering for more flexible methods of learning and grouping inside such schools.
Teaching methods in further education—6
Authors: Mansell Jack
Published: February 2008

The last of a series of six at articles looking at methods and techniques used in technical teaching in an attempt to define ‘progressive’ teaching in this sphere.
Masters in Ontario
Authors: Abrahams John
Published: February 2008

Until recently, North America did not have any system of technical education corresponding to that in the United Kingdom. It is only within the last ten years that any significant opportunities for post‐secondary education, outside the universities, have been available in Canada or the USA. The position is now changing rapidly, as governments realize that the high schools cannot carry the full load of vocational education and that a university education is not appropriate for all. The many community colleges and technical schools which have been established in the two countries are the result of two pressures. There is the growing demand from commerce and industry for adequately trained staff in many fields, while the demand for unskilled workers is falling. Also there is a strong social pressure for young people to have some full‐time education after high school.
Whatever happened to the CATS?
Authors: Beard Roger , Barlow Peppy
Published: February 2008

‘A good trade union’, says Lord Bowden, ‘would revolutionize British education.’ As principal of Manchester University's Institute of Science and Technology (big sister to the eight technological universities), he has a point. For nowhere is it clearer than in the present monofaculty separation of the applied sciences in British universities, and in particular in the hiving off of technology into specific foundations. Far from erasing the Snowite two‐culture boundaries, Britain's ex‐CATs inevitably preserve them, and the Platonic tradition that no gentleman ever goes into a work‐shop continues.
BEHIND THE BAKCLASH
Authors: Price Chris
Published: February 2008

It seems fitting, in this particular issue of Technical Education at the present time, for a former editor of an educational monthly — New Education — whose magazine changed ownership last December in somewhat dramatically sudden circumstances, to seize a second chance of looking forward to try to make out future trends. Is the Black Paper an off beat isolated phenomenon, soon to fizzle out of the second lease of life which Ted Short gave it at Easter? Or is it the first of a series of attacks on the steady reform of educational institutions and curriculum which has been going on over the last twenty five years? Is Tom Howarth, with his new views on culture and anarchy, a second Matthew Arnold, come to pluck English Education from the slough of despond into which it has been steadily sinking for years? Or is his book the last gasp from a fading corner of the educational scene, which has only lasted so long because class attitudes and institutions are so deeply ingrained into English society? It may be still too early to say. But it looks as though this sort of debate — or one very like it — will go on in the educational world into the forseeable future.
Examination Techniques
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

Examinations have always presented problems, for both candidates and examiners. Examinations, at whatever level, are a nuisance to most people who have to take them. Candidates are involved in hours of swotting, or they are ‘not good’ at examinations, or they feel the questions are unfair in their lack of coverage of the syllabus, or they suffer from the enervating effects of examinations continuing for long periods, often over several days.
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

I was at a party the other day at which a dear old lady of 70 was lamenting the fall from grace of the young. A man of 55, a senior industrial technician, told me how he had been dismissed from his job, to make way for a younger man, and now faced a future that was totally bleak.
EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS
Authors: BEARD ROGER
Published: February 2008

Britain's educational publishers, for too long the laggards in educational development, are at last responding to the changes wrought by successive education acts and curriculum reform. Previously the sleepy refuges of tired (or failed) teachers, in the past decade the publishing houses have undergone a quiet revolution. Out has gone Mr Chips, to be replaced by a brand of publishing executive owing more to management accounting than to those money‐spinning Latin primers and grammar‐school texts.
VICTORIANA
Authors: BALLANTINE CECIL
Published: February 2008

The educational reformer of a hundred years ago could not turn readily to the educational journal which hardly existed in a serious form until well into the twentieth century. However, through the first half of the nine‐teenth century there were a number of important publications. From the 1860s onwards familiar names begin to appear as publishers turned to the ready market provided by the expansion of educational opportunity. From just before the Education Act of 1870 we find that some of the most consistent publishers of books on education are houses that have retained their interest to the present day. Macmillan, Murray, Chapman, Kegan Paul, Cambridge University Press and Longman are quite familiar imprints on many of the most significant works published between 1870 and the turn of the century. Changes in the curriculum and reform within the system itself also added an impetus to the demand for printed sources of information and debate.
THOUGHTS
Authors: Pollard Michael
Published: February 2008

The 160‐odd firms in the educational group of the Publishers' Association range from many‐headed giants like Pergamon to provincial midgets like Davis and Moughton of Leamington Spa. You can't help feeling some affection and sympathy for the Davis and Moughtons — the regional houses born on the tide of universal education and left a little at a loss now, with their four‐rules arithmetics, their spelling and table books, while the educational departments of the big publishers, corporation‐financed and able to take a risk, swoop in for the Nuffield, new maths, liberal studies kill.
I DID IT FOR THE MONEY
Authors: Deadman Ron
Published: February 2008

If ever you need to define the precise difference between primary and secondary school aims in Britain and put your explanation in a nut‐shell, this will do as well as anything. Disarming, slightly disdainful, more than a little prompted by the defence mechanisms of teachers without degrees, it runs like this: ‘In the secondary school they teach subjects: in the primary school we teach children’.
Focus
Authors: Kemble Bruce
Published: February 2008

The ATTI decided at their annual Conference at Torquay to back their pay claim with the threat of strike action. This is the first time in the 65 years history of the Union that such militancy has been shown. Cliff Kendall, the Union's President told the 200 delegates at Torquay: ‘We have been grossly underpaid for years.’ He claimed many technical college teachers earned less money than students studying part‐time while employed by big firms.
Gallery
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

We are precious few in number. Naturally the editor of this worthy journal counts; playing it safe, so I am sure do most of its readers. To play it even safer I had better include my own worthy newspapers' bosses—and publisher — MP Mr Robert Maxwell, who at the present rate of projected take‐over is about to become the new Lord of the Sun and a few other things besides. Throw in a handful of others … Our Harold, hallowed is his name (though not to many these days), Ted Heath, but not, for goodness sake, Mr Jeremy Thorpe or the latest would‐be party leader Mr Desmond Donnelly, and that's it. There you have the specially gifted, the super élite, the gold‐capped cream of the nation. (No wonder we sing to God to save the Queen!).
AMERICA! AMERICA!
Authors: Elam Houston
Published: February 2008

Management education represents an important segment of American college and university higher education courses, taken both for credit towards a degree or for management use. So important is this type of education that, of the more than half a million students currently graduating from colleges and universities in the United States, approximately one out of every eight is receiving his bachelor's degree in business administration (the term typically used for a specialization in one of the areas of business management). This popularity is not restricted to the undergraduate level, for one in ten graduate degrees is an MBA (master of business administration), totalling over 13 000 degrees, according to the latest available figures. This number is expected to climb both numerically and proportionally in the coming years.
Sixth‐form
Authors: Rofe John
Published: February 2008

Once comprehensive education is established there are four possible schemes of sixth form organization to be considered:
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

Those of us who are not anarchist students, Powellites, or Maudeans like to feel that we test our beliefs against the objective facts.
View
Authors: Price Chris
Published: February 2008

One of the more successful of the NUT's campaigns in recent years has been that to eliminate untrained teachers and establish the real prospect of a Teachers' Council, which would for the first time give teachers something of the control over entry standards that other professions have. Perhaps it is all in a good cause. By controlling entry standards (and therefore entry numbers) they will be able to behave like the classical mediaeval guild or twentieth century trade union, and ensure that the slice of the national cake allocated to education is divided up amongst a strictly limited number of people: which is one way of raising salaries. The main object, however, of a Teachers' Council (and certainly that of Ted Short, the Secretary of State for Education and Science) is to bestow upon teachers a greater sense of professionalism, to make them look doctors and lawyers in the face and feel on some sort of equality. As a matter of fact, a hundred Teachers' Councils will not achieve this object unless the salary comes more into line with that of the real professionals. So it will all be a rather slow process: it would be absurd to think that teachers will become different sorts of beings over night.
An Englishman's view of the American experience
Authors: Rigg Peter
Published: February 2008

In Chicago the training instructor's day starts at 6.00 am. Five days a week he switches on his TV set before breakfast to Education Exchange a half‐hour programme demonstrating the use of multi‐media communications techniques in the classroom. The programme notes describe the series as a preparation for the instructor's ‘new role, in which he may not know all the answers, but he will be able to ask the right questions’.
LABOUR
Authors: Kemble Bruce
Published: February 2008

We should be grateful to Kingsley Amis. In one sentence this year he crystallized the essential difference between ‘consensus’ politicians and backlashers, between reactionaries and reformers, in education arguments.
View one
Authors: Boyle Edward
Published: February 2008

The reputation of the Conservative Party in the education world has altered significantly during recent years. Ten years ago, despite the achievements of Sir David Eccles, there was still the expectation that the educationally minded politicians would normally be found on the ‘left’.
COLLEGE DATA PROCESSING
Authors: Smith EC
Published: February 2008

Data processing in college administration implies the recording of information related to any aspect of college administrative and clerical work in machine‐input form, and the manipulation and reproduction of such data by machine processes. The machines involved are either punched‐card equipment, eg punch‐machines, sorters and tabulators, or computers.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

Although teachers are understandably dubious about it, an Education Minister has at last announced action against oversize classes. A new government circular has told education authorities that a situation where pupils are taught by a single teacher for a large part of the week in a group of 40 or more, or 30 or more in a nursery class, should not be tolerated a moment longer than is unavoidable.
THE REPUBLIC
Authors: Beard Roger
Published: February 2008

Education in Ireland can best be put in perspective by reference to two key documents. The first, Investment in Education, is the cornerstone on which future development of the Irish educational system will be based. Unlike the equivalent reports that temporarily shock the British public, and are then shelved for ever more, for Ireland, Investment in Education is more than a pious and obvious reiteration of education's value to a developing economy. To English eyes it is also a shocking indictment of the corporate neglect that education has received from both the politicians and the Church during the fifty years of independence. A neglect that no amount of partisan or clerical special pleading should be allowed to cover up.
Church & State
Authors: Horgan John
Published: February 2008

‘We think it will be a long time’, wrote the editor of the Irish Jesuit review Studies in the autumn of 1968, ‘before the teaching Orders and Congregations in Ireland withdraw from their historic teaching function here; we do not share the fear of one of our commentators that they will some day be required to do so.’
Miss Buss and Miss Beale
Authors: Beard Roger
Published: February 2008

Girls' education owes much to the dedicated Victorian pioneers. Roger Beard puts forward the view that for the 1970s, all children should be educated together.
The Gentle Sex 2
Authors: Corbett Anne
Published: February 2008

Anne Corbett looks back on the achievements of the suffragette girls' schools and makes a plea that we stop classifying children by sex.
The Polytechnics —can they work?
Authors: Gomez da Costa Brian
Published: February 2008

The attention the media have recently devoted to higher education in general, and polytechnics in particular, presages what may become a full blown struggle between competing institutional spheres, not only for relatively larger slices of the largest Government cake of all, but also for increasing autonomy in the decision‐making process.
Training
Authors: Holman Valerie
Published: February 2008

To most people industrial training conjures visions of apprentices in greasy overalls, tackling the mysteries of lathes and horizontal milling machines. In fact today's training officer has to be equipped to tackle management development, operator training, decimal and metric conversion, the training of supervisors, and formalized selection testing procedures. Until recently one of the most neglected of training spheres was the training of clerical workers. This situation had been due to the fact that no one in industry had made a serious analysis of the various functions of the office worker.
The audio‐visual scene—a personal view
Authors: Vernon Peter
Published: February 2008

As one educational theory chases another off the stage, can we blame the teacher who, losing all sense of direction, would like to ‘contract out’ of the rat‐race of educational modernization and re‐modernization? New ideas in education are coming thick and fast, enclosing us in a sort of Hampton Court maze — with most teachers helplessly astray among its complexities. Let's call a halt before we're all completely lost!
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

The Department of Education and Science, with a nice sense of timing two weeks before the ATTI conference, has published yet another statement of contempt for the technical colleges and all who dwell therein. This is administrative memorandum 13/70 introducing the fourth ‘Pilkington’ report on the more effective use of technical college resources. Notwithstanding the fact that technical college buildings are more intensively used than any other educational buildings, that the further education sector has been the most savaged by the recent financial cuts and that the authorities refuse seriously to consider a national agreement on conditions of service for technical college teachers, you are urged, nay instructed, my technical college colleagues, to extend the college year.
Dangers of fragmentation in art education
Authors: Heath Tony
Published: February 2008

FINE ARTISTS RESIGNED EN MASSE FROM THE NCDAD PANEL — BUT WHERE WERE THEIR PROTESTS IN THE REAL BATTLES OF 1968?
The chance of vocational study for housewives
Authors: Crowe Chris
Published: February 2008

The subject of further education for the housewife immediately conjures up the image of the middle class evening institute — the study of antiques, upholstery, pottery and flower arranging. But there is another, neglected area of further education for the married woman: the opportunity to go back into part‐time and full‐time vocational study.
THE TECHNIQUES OF PROBLEM SOLVING FOR ENGINEERS
Authors: Barker Dennis
Published: February 2008

In a world which is becoming more and more complicated at an ever increasing pace, problems are becoming more numerous and difficult. The available information for solving them is becoming too complex and unwieldy. Hence people trained in problem solving and producing creative solutions will become increasingly more important in the future.
Audiovisual review
Authors: Crocker Tony
Published: February 2008

There is news from Kodak, and some will say that it is not before time, of another type of Super 8 filmfor camera use. Ever since the introduction by Kodak of the Super 8 format, the company has only supplied one type of film for use in cameras. The film is Kodachrome II, balanced for exposure in artificial light and with a speed rating of 40 ASA. When used in a camera with an A to D conversion filteer daylight exposure was possible using the film as a 25 ASA speed rating. Super 8 cameras are usually provided with a built‐in A to D filter and the means to remove it from the optical path when filming is to be carried out in artificial light.
Comment
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

In its decision that the district councils will be the education authorities in the conurbations outside London the government has ignored authoritative educational opinion (including that of its civil servants) and has blatantly sacrificed education to petty local politics. Like Mr George Taylor who has fired a broadside at the government with superb timing and accuracy, I am astonished that educationalists are taking it so quietly. If he is right in attributing their acquiescence to their professional need to toady up to future employers then perhaps the teaching profession deserves all that is coming, but this is hardly to their pupils' and students' advantage.
The same but different
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

I have recently given thought in this column to two apparently unrelated topics — the Government's White Paper, and the possibility of devising a system for the international evaluation of post‐school educational qualifications. But they are more closely associated than one might at first imagine.
Who needs books?
Authors: Mann Peter
Published: February 2008

‘The true university’, said Carlyle, ‘is a collection of books’. His concept remains unchallenged — universities are more closely involved in the use of books than almost any other contemporary social institution — but with the uninterrupted expansion in publishing and the huge increase in the number of candidates for higher education it is no longer sufficient for university lecturers merely to point their students in the direction of the bookshops or the library shelves. Young people need careful advice and guidance in their selection of study material, otherwise they are liable to be so confused by the surfeit of choice that they will either work haphazardly, and for the most part unproductively, or simply withdraw altogether from the challenge of independent study and rely exclusively on lecture notes.
It's a man's life.…
Authors: Turner Barry
Published: February 2008

Can it really be ten years since the last national serviceman handed in his billy can? That means (quick calculation on fingers) that it is almost seventeen years since I was parted from home, girlfriend and a promising career as an assistant in a co‐op haberdashery to take up arms on behalf of someone or other. These macabre statistics are brought to mind by the publication of All Bull, a volume of potted reminiscences from twenty‐four of my military contemporaries. Since the contributors are almost exclusively recruited from the ranks of professional communicators and artists I rather expected a unanimous roar of anti‐militarism but the memories that have survived the decade and chiefly those which confirm my own reluctant conclusion that it was all a bit of a giggle.
Careers:
Authors: Fraser David
Published: February 2008

As early as 1959 the Crowther Report pinpointed the last year of compulsory education as the heaviest year for juvenile delinquency. It is therefore, a curious paradox, that little, if any, liaison exists between probation officers and school careers masters.
Opinion
Authors: O'Connor Maureen
Published: February 2008

Institutions, like Topsy, tend to just grow. And the more hectic the pace of growth the more unlikely it is that anyone within them will find the time to sit back and take stock either of past achievements or of plans for the future. One gets the impression that the polytechnics are just emerging from one period of such frantic growth with barely time to take breath before plunging into the next which will, this time, treble their size. It is all the more surprising then that staff at Manchester Polytechnic have found the time to come up with what is promised as the first in a series of statements on their development, a ‘credo’ whch is not far off doing their adopted patron, Francis Bacon, justice.
Aids
Authors: Crocker Tony , Sproule Anna
Published: February 2008

Kodak has rationalised their range of the well‐known and popular Carousel 35mm slide projectors. The Carousel S and Carousel S‐AV are probably two of the most widely used slide projectors in training and education. The introduction some time ago of the Carousel S‐AV28 widened the range of applications that could be suited by the company's products, but meant that different models were needed for different applications.
News
Authors: Forsythe Olive
Published: February 2008

Starting next month Education and Training will be published by the Association of Business Executives, a non‐political and non‐profit making organisation set up recently to improve educational opportunities in administration and management in industry, commerce and the public service.
Everyman's English
Authors: Close D.
Published: February 2008

The case for reforming our attitudes to vocational English is not simply an educational one. In part, it is bound up with the broad functions of colleges and the reasonable expectations of those who attend such places. In part also, it concerns the ill‐defined links between English and that considerable area of college work variously dubbed liberal, social, general, or (recently) industrial studies.
Careers:
Authors: Lancashire Ruth , Holdsworth Roger
Published: February 2008

In every field of human activity there are significant individual differences in performance. In some jobs, for instance, output can be measured objectively and, although the effect of various incentive schemes is to obscure the picture, there are occasions where some workers are twice as effective as others, even within a trained and experienced group. This kind of direct comparison tends to be made only in respect of operative tasks. In highly skilled specialist jobs and managerial posts it is extremely difficult to make objective and direct comparisons. But if one accepts earnings as at least an indication of performance, then there is marked variability in many occupations: the range of life‐earnings of one year's class of students qualifying as architects can, for instance, be taken to be very wide indeed. Achievements vary considerably at school too. The range of attainment in mathematics amongst 16 year‐olds is enormous. In some subjects an A stream may be more than a year ahead of other streams. And in any examination or test of scholastic attainment, the range of scores or of knowledge displayed can be quite dramatic.
More for less
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

When this piece was written, the annual Public Expenditure White Paper was awaited, as ever, with bated breath in every corner of the land. As few will read it as have read its pre‐decessors. More should. The developing series of White Papers reveal much about the deficiencies of educational planning in Britain.
Careers:
Authors: Robinson
Published: February 2008

There is an increasing requirement for chemists with abilities additional to skill in chemistry, and the range of courses now available reflects this need. Attitudes are changing rapidly to encourage diversification in employment, job mobility, inter‐disciplinary thinking and team effort.
How to get on without really trying
Authors: Bowker Gordon
Published: February 2008

What can the schools or Youth Employment Service do for the ambitious child from a poor background? All the sociological evidence suggests that a working‐class background is still a formidable obstacle to upward social mobility. The children seem as aware of this as the social scientists. A London Youth Employment Officer told me that high ambitions expressed by school‐leavers on written questionnaires are almost always replaced by down‐to‐earth job requests in interviews.
Honoris causa — or call me doctor
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Sir Isaac Wolfson is the first man since Jesus Christ to have a college named after him at both Oxford and Cambridge. Sir Isaac has also collected a string of honorary doctorates. Universities conferring doctorates upon him include Oxford, London (1958), Glasgow (1963), Cambridge (1966), Manchester (1967), Strathclyde (1970), and Nottingham (1971). A pretty impressive list, but numerically insignificant when put against that of, say, a former U.S. President, Herbert Hoover. He collected eighty honorary degrees.
Building Societies
Authors: Suter Colin
Published: February 2008

The building society is one of the most used and yet probably least understood of all the financial organisations at present operating in this country. The vast majority of families within the United Kingdom have a desire for a home of their own for whatever reason—status, security, pride of possession, or as a hedge against inflation. Few can afford to purchase their “dream house” outright and, therefore, it is the building society which generally provides the loan or mortgage. In fact, building societies are currently providing nearly 90 per cent of all mortgages granted for house purchase.
Reading for Managers
Authors: Farnsworth Terry
Published: February 2008

Despite the emphasis on management training during the past decade, it is doubtful whether more than 10 per cent of practising managers have ever read a book on management. Much as educationists may deplore this, it is hardly surprising. After all, as busy practical people facing practical problems, most managers are interested in solutions, not theories. And unless a management book can point the way to such solutions, it tends to remain unread—except by students and those whose professional interests lie in management education.
The NEBSS project
Authors: Jones Lyndon , John Clifford H.
Published: February 2008

The National Examinations Board in Supervisory Studies (NEBSS) was established in June 1964 on the initiative of the Department of Education and Science and was supported by all the major organizations concerned with supervisory education and training. It was charged with the task of providing examinations and national qualifications in the field of foremanship and supervisory studies. The Board, which is an independent autonomous body administered by the City and Guilds of London Institute, has laid down that its objectives are to stimulate and co‐ordinate the provision of suitable courses for supervision at all levels over the whole range of industry, trade and commerce, and, by the provision and control of nationally accepted examination standards, to establish a general recognition of the cardinal need for supervisors to be properly qualified to enable them to discharge their responsibilities with maximum effectiveness. To achieve its objectives the Board has established a flexible structure which assists the development of local initiative by encouraging technical colleges and industrial or commercial organizations to co‐operate in devising suitable courses and examinations to meet specific needs whilst, at the same time, establishing and maintaining national standards in supervisory studies. Such courses are approved by the Board for the award of the Certificate, Supplementary Certificate and Advanced Certificate in Supervisory Studies on the basis of internal examinations externally assessed by the Board.