bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Cost of a Solar Photovoltaic System for a Remote House in Bihar
Authors: Jha Sujit Kumar
Published: July 2015

Energy plays a vital role for the growth of a country. Solar energy is the most important renewable energy resources that can play vital role in the replacement of fossil resources to generate clean energy. Due to technological developments in solar power technologies, solar energy can be used for cooling, heating, and daily electricity demand of the world and emerged as viable alternative to produce clean energy in future. The paper describes the technological development of PV model, its present status and future opportunities in the context of Bihar, India. The study was carried out in Bihar, global solar radiation data is required for the calculation and assessment of the working principles of PV system installed at remotely located house to provide adequate power backup. The case study has been based on the solar radiation data available in Bihar, India, the cost of a suitable PV model for a house has been computed based on the analysis of power requirement of a houses in a day.
Passive immitance limiters
Authors: Filinyuk N. A. , Lischinskaya L. B. , Chekhmestruk R. Yu.
Published: July 2015

The paper presents quadripole R, L, C immittance limiters, in which output immittance to the certain value depends on the input immittance. A classification of immittance limiters is given. Basic parameters are considered: low and high levels of output immittance limiters; low and high values of input immittance, corresponding to low and high levels of limitation, accordingly; range of possible values of output immittance; steepness of immittance limiters; time of wearing-out (or delay); high and low cutoff frequencies; central working frequency; frequency band; relative range of working frequencies; non-linearity coefficient. The authors have designed passive R-, L-, C-limiters with possibility of limitation from above and from below. The influence of the input parasitic immittances on the immittance transfer characteristic is evaluated. In most cases parasite immittance does not influence the considered devices, including R-limiters «from above» with the input quality factor of QR(Linp)=0,1…0,2 and L-limiters «from above» with high-quality input circuits with QL(Rinp)>2. The analysis also shows that high-qualitiy circuits with QN(RinpN)>3 should be used in C-limiters with input parasitic immittances, while at parasitic immittance of the limiting element low-quality circuits with QN(RiN)>0,2 should be selected.
Algorithm for the synthesis of linear antenna arrays with desired radiation pattern and integral amplitude coefficients
Authors: Sadchenko A. V. , Kushnirenko O. A. , Troyansky A. V.
Published: July 2015

Ahe problem of technical implementation of phased array antennas (PAR) with the required radiation pattern (RP) is the complexity of the construction of the beamforming device that consists of a set of controlled attenuators and phase shifters. It is possible to simplify the technical implementation of PAR, if complex representation of coefficients of amplitude-phase distribution of the field along the lattice is approximated by real values in the synthesis stage. It is known that the amplitude distribution of the field in the aperture of the antenna array and the radiation pattern are associated with Fourier transform. Thus, the amplitude and phase coefficients are first calculated using the Fourier transform, and then processed according to the selected type of circuit realization of attenuators and phase shifters. The calculation of the inverse Fourier transform of the modified coefficients allows calculating the synthesized orientation function. This study aims to develop a search algorithm for amplitude and phase coefficients, taking into account the fact that integer-valued amplitudes and phases are technically easier to implement than real ones. Synthesis algorithm for equidistant linear array with a half-wavelength irradiators pitch (&l;/2) is as follows. From a given directivity function the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in the form of an array of complex numbers is found, the resulting array is then transformed into a set of attenuations for attenuators and phase shifts for phase shifters, while the amplitude coefficients are rounded off to integers, and phases are binarizated (0, ?). The practical value of this algorithm is particularly high when using controlled phase shifters and attenuators integrally. The work confirms the possibility of a thermoelectric converter of human body application for an electronic medical thermometer power supply.
The use of heat pipes in thermal control system for electronics: current situation and prospects
Authors: Khairnasov S. M.
Published: July 2015

Today, the widespread application of cooling systems based on heat pipes makes significant contribution to the solution of the thermal control of electronic equipment. The use of heat pipes as heat transfer devices and heat exchanging equipment allows creating an efficient new-generation heat sinks. Nowadays, heat pipes are widely used in the following areas: electronic equipment, special application computer equipment (from small computers to large data centres), high power electronics. The article provides an analysis of the current state and prospects of heat pipes application in thermal control systems for ground-based electronic equipment.
Influence of the effectiveness of raw materials on the reliability of thermoelectric cooling devices. Part 2: Two-stage thermoelectric devices
Authors: Zaykov V. P. , Meshcheryakov V. I. , Zhuravlev Yu. I.
Published: July 2015

Extended operation temperature range of elements and electronic equipment components using thermoelectric devices necessitates the use of cascade thermoelectric cooling devices. One of the best ways to improve the reliability of thermoelectric coolers is to improve the efficiency of thermoelectric materials. The article presents the research results on the influence of thermoelectric efficiency of initial materials on the failure rate and probability of failure of the two-stage thermoelectric cooler within temperature range of 60 to 90 K for maximum cooling operation modes and low failure rate. The results have shown that with the increase in the thermoelectric efficiency of the material thermocouples the maximum temperature difference in cascades increases, the working current and the ratio of the elements number in the adjoining cascades decreases (depending on the current mode in cascades of thermoelectric device from the mode of the maximum cooling capacity up to the minimum failure rate), the cooling coefficient increases, the failure rate reduces and the probability of failure-free operation of two-stage thermoelectric cooler increases. Thus, it is shown that the increase in the thermoelectric efficiency of initial materials can significantly reduce the failure rate and increase the probability of failure-free operation of the two-stage thermoelectric devices depending on temperature difference and the current mode of operation.
Problems in measurement of integrated sensitivity of photodetectors
Authors: Doktorovich I. V. , Hodovaniouk V. N. , Yuryev V. G. , Zhytaryuk V. G.
Published: July 2015

The research work deals with the problems in measurement of integral sensitivity of photodetectors, which arise while using them in standard methods of visible and infrared radiation of the sources of radiation with different spectral composition of the flow. First of all, it is the usage of incidence lamps and of absolute black body. To provide the unity of carrying out the measurements by producers and users of photodetectors, the specific methods with the appliance of specific means of measuring equipments are recommended in this research work. The analysis and the assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the means of measurement which are used are done in this work. Also, metrological characteristics of the methods which are used, the reasons of increasing errors and possible ways of their decreasing are provided. The work’s results give specialists the opportunity to determine the level of the measurements done by them or to choose the optimal variant of measuring means. It is more difficult to solve the problems in measuring integral sensitivity of photodetectors which are sensitive in ultra-violet range. The production of ultra-violet detectors is not metrologically based — standard documents and control photodetectors are not provided. The authors of the article give the results of researching the methods of measuring, analyzing different types of radiation sources, their disadvantages and advantages; give the methods and errors of measuring of integral sensitivity of photodetectors of ultra-violet range.
Application of impedance spectroscopy method for analysis of benzanol fuels
Authors: Kukla A. L. , Mamykin A. V. , Maistrenko A. S. , Polunkin E. V. , Starzhinska L. I.
Published: July 2015

The authors have developed a method for express control of three component «gasoline-alcohol-water» fuel mixtures based on the spectral impedance investigation of benzanol mixture in the frequency range of 500 Hz — 10 kHz. A correlation dependence between the dielectric constant and the specific resistance of the fuel mixture on content of ethanol and water in the mixture has been found. On the basis of this dependence a calibration nomogram to quantify the gasoline and water-alcohol components content in the test benzanol fuel in the actual range of concentrations has been formed. The nomogram allows determining the water-alcohol and gasoline parts in the analyzed fuel with an error of no more than 1% vol., while the strength of water-alcohol solution is determined with an error of no more than 0.8% vol. The obtained nomogram can also give information about critical water content in the benzanol fuel to prevent its eventual phase separation. It is shown that the initial component composition of different gasoline brands has no significant effect on the electrical characteristics of the studied benzanol fuels, which makes the evaluation of alcohol and water content in the fuel sufficiently accurate. for practical applications.
GEP-NETs UPDATE: Secreting gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and biomarkers
Authors: Verbeek Wieke H M , Korse Catharina M , Tesselaar Margot E T
Published: July 2015

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumours with an annual incidence in the population in a range of 2–5 new cases per 100 000 inhabitants. NETs are widely variable in terms of anatomical location, hormone production, clinical behaviour and syndromes they can cause. This article reviews the many localizations and clinical presentations of NETs with a main focus on clinical biomarkers and their use in medical practice.
The ARMC5 gene shows extensive genetic variance in primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Zilbermint Mihail , Berthon Annabel , Espiard Stephanie , Batsis Maria , Papadakis Georgios Z , Xekouki Paraskevi , Lodish Maya B , Bertherat Jerome , Faucz Fabio R , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: July 2015

Objective

Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare type of Cushing's syndrome (CS) that results in increased cortisol production and bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands. Recent work showed that the disease may be caused by germline and somatic mutations in the ARMC5 gene, a likely tumor suppressor gene (TSG). We investigated 20 different adrenal nodules from one patient with PMAH for ARMC5 somatic sequence changes.

Design

All of the nodules were obtained from a single patient who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. DNA was extracted by standard protocol and the ARMC5 sequence was determined by the Sanger method.

Results

Sixteen of 20 adrenocortical nodules harbored, in addition to what appeared to be the germline mutation, a second somatic variant. The p.Trp476* sequence change was present in all 20 nodules, as well as in normal tissue from the adrenal capsule, identifying it as the germline defect; each of the 16 other variants were found in different nodules: six were frame shift, four were missense, three were nonsense, and one was a splice site variation. Allelic losses were confirmed in two of the nodules.

Conclusion

This is the most genetic variance of the ARMC5 gene ever described in a single patient with PMAH: each of 16 adrenocortical nodules had a second new, ‘private,’ and – in most cases – completely inactivating ARMC5 defect, in addition to the germline mutation. The data support the notion that ARMC5 is a TSG that needs a second, somatic hit, to mediate tumorigenesis leading to polyclonal nodularity; however, the driver of this extensive genetic variance of the second ARMC5 allele in adrenocortical tissue in the context of a germline defect and PMAH remains a mystery.
Distinct functions of neuromedin u and neuromedin s in orange-spotted grouper
Authors: Li Shuisheng , Xiao Ling , Liu Qiongyu , Zheng Binbin , Chen Huapu , Liu Xiaochun , Zhang Yong , Lin Haoran
Published: July 2015

Neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) play inhibitory roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals. However, their functions are not clearly established in teleost fish. In the present study, nmu and nms homologs were identified in several fish species. Subsequently, their cDNA sequences were cloned from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Sequence analysis showed that the orange-spotted grouper Nmu proprotein contains a 21-amino acid mature Nmu peptide (Nmu-21). The Nms proprotein lost the typical mature Nms peptide, but it retains a putative 34-amino acid peptide (Nmsrp). In situ hybridization revealed that nmu- and nms-expressing cells are mainly localized in the hypothalamic regions associated with appetite regulation. Food deprivation decreased the hypothalamic nmu mRNA levels but induced an increase of nms mRNA levels. Periprandial expression analysis showed that hypothalamic expression of nmu increased significantly at 3 h post-feeding, while nms expression was elevated at the normal feeding time. I.p. injection of synthetic Nmu-21 peptide suppressed the hypothalamic neuropeptide y (npy) expression, while Nmsrp administration significantly increased the expression of npy and orexin in orange-spotted grouper. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of LH beta subunit (lhβ) and gh in the pituitary were significantly down-regulated after Nmu-21 peptide administration, while Nmsrp was able to significantly stimulate the expression of FSH beta subunit (fshβ), prolactin (prl), and somatolaction (sl). Our results indicate that nmu and nms possess distinct neuroendocrine functions and pituitary functions in the orange spotted grouper.
On some perturbations of a stable process and solutions to the Cauchy problem for a class of pseudo-differential equations
Authors: Osypchuk M.M.
Published: July 2015

A fundamental solution for some class of pseudo-differential equations is constructed by the method based on the theory of perturbations. We consider a symmetric $\alpha$-stable process in multidimensional Euclidean space. Its generator $\mathbf{A}$ is a pseudo-differential operator whose symbol is given by $-c|\lambda|^\alpha$, were the constants $\alpha\in(1,2)$ and $c>0$ are fixed. The vector-valued operator $\mathbf{B}$ has the symbol $2ic|\lambda|^{\alpha-2}\lambda$. We construct a fundamental solution of the equation $u_t=(\mathbf{A}+(a(\cdot),\mathbf{B}))u$ with a continuous bounded vector-valued function $a$.
Homomorphisms and functional calculus in algebras of entire functions on Banach spaces
Authors: Pryimak H.M.
Published: July 2015

In the paper the homomorphisms of algebras of entire functions on Banach spaces to a commutative Banach algebra are studied. In particular, it is proposed a method of constructing of homomorphisms vanishing on homogeneous polynomials of degree less or equal than a fixed number $n$.
A new criterion for testing hypothesis about the covariance function of the homogeneous and isotropic random field
Authors: Troshki V.B.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we consider a continuous in mean square homogeneous and isotropic Gaussian random field. A criterion for testing hypotheses about the covariance function of such field using estimates for its norm in the space $L_p(\mathbb{T}), p\geq 1$ is constructed.
On the structure of some minimax-antifinitary modules
Authors: Chupordia V.A.
Published: July 2015

Let  $R$  be a ring and $G$ a group. An  $R$-module $A$ is said to be {\it minimax} if $A$ includes a noetherian submodule $B$ such that  $A/B$  is artinian.  The author study a $\mathbb{Z}_{p^\infty}G$-module  $A$ such that $A/C_A(H)$ is minimax as a $\mathbb{Z}_{p^\infty}$-module for every proper not finitely generated subgroup $H$.
Multipoint nonlocal problem for factorized equation with dependent coefficients in conditions
Authors: Vasylyshyn P.B. , Savka I.Ya. , Klyus I.S.
Published: July 2015

The conditions of correct solvability of multipoint nonlocal problem for factorized PDE with coefficients in conditions, which depends on one real parameter, is established. It is shown that these conditions on the set of fullLebesgue measure of the interval parameters are fulfilled.
Неперервно-диференційовні розв'язки однієї граничної задачі для систем лінійних диференціально-різницевих рівнянь нейтрального типу та їх властивості
Authors: Vel'hach A.V.
Published: July 2015

Встановлено достатні умови існування неперервно-диференційовних і обмежених на додатній півосі розв'язків однієї граничної задачі для систем лінійних диференціально-різницевих рівнянь нейтрального типу зі скінченною кількістю постійних відхилень аргументу, запропоновано метод їх побудови та досліджено асимптотичні властивості таких розв'язків.
Wiener weighted algebra of functions of infinitely many variables
Authors: Atamanyuk L.
Published: July 2015

In this article we consider a weighted Wiener type Banach algebra of functions of infinitely many variables. The main result is a description of the spectrum of this algebra.
New approach to derivation of quantum kinetic equations with initial correlations
Authors: Gerasimenko V.I.
Published: July 2015

We propose a new approach to the derivation of kinetic equations from dynamics of large particle quantum systems, involving correlations of particle states at initial time. The developed approach is based on the description of the evolution within the framework of marginal observables in scaling limits. As a result the quantum Vlasov-type kinetic equation with initial correlations is constructed and the statement relating to the property of a propagation of initial correlations is proved in a mean field limit.
Lateral continuity and orthogonally additive operators
Authors: Gumenchuk A.I.
Published: July 2015

We generalize the notion of a laterally convergent net from increasing nets to general ones and study the corresponding lateral continuity of maps. The main result asserts that, the lateral continuity of an orthogonally additive operator is equivalent to its continuity at zero. This theorem holds for operators that send laterally convergent nets to any type convergent nets (laterally, order or norm convergent).
Index of pseudo-projectively-symmetric semi-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Gupta P.
Published: July 2015

The index of $\widetilde{\nabla}$-pseudo-projectively symmetric and in particular for $\widetilde{\nabla}$-projectively symmetric semi-Riemannian manifolds, where $\widetilde{\nabla}$ is Ricci symmetric metric connection, are discussed.
Almost Kenmotsu $f$-manifolds
Authors: Balkan Y.S. , Aktan N.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we consider a generalization of almost Kenmotsu f-manifolds. We get basic Riemannian curvature, sectional curvatures and scalar curvature properties such type manifolds. Finally, we give two examples to clarify some our results.
Про одну реалізацію принципу невизначеності
Authors: Dilnyi V.M. , Viychuk T.I.
Published: July 2015

Отримано твердження про наслідування поведінки суми функцій на дійсній півосі кожним з доданків при певних умовах на ці функції та їх перетворення Лапласа
Some properties of branched continued fractions of special form
Authors: Dmytryshyn R.I.
Published: July 2015

The fact that the values of the approximates of the positive definite branched continued fraction of special form are all in a certain circle is established for the certain conditions. The uniform convergence of branched continued fraction of special form, which is a particular case of the mentioned fraction, in the some limited parabolic region is investigated.
Two-sided inequalities with nonmonotone sublinear operators
Authors: Kopach M.I. , Obshta A.F. , Shuvar B.A.
Published: July 2015

The theorems on solutions and their two-sided estimates for one class of nonlinear operator equations $x=Fx$ with nonmonotone operators.
On a necessary condition for $L^p$ $(0 < p < 1)$-convergence (upper boundedness) of trigonometric series
Authors: Krasniqi Xh.Z.
Published: July 2015

In this paper we prove that the condition $\sum_{k=\left[\frac{n}{2}\right] }^{2n}\frac{\lambda _{k}(p)}{(|n-k|+1)^{2-p}}=o(1)\, \left(=O(1) \right),$ is a necessary condition for the $L^{p} (0<p<1)$-convergence (upper boundedness) of a trigonometric series. Precisely, the results extend some results of A. S. Belov.
Про перманентність дискретної системи моделі хижак-жертва з немонотонною функцією впливу та нескінченним запізненням
Authors: Nenya O.I.
Published: July 2015

У роботі розглянуто систему рівнянь, яка є дискретним аналогом моделі хижак-жертва з немонотонною функцією впливу та нескінченним запізненням. Досліджується проблема побудови умов перманентної поведінки динамічної моделі. Умова перманентності забезпечує обмеженість розв'язків зверху та знизу, але при цьому вимагає щоб розв'язки залишалися постійно додатними. Для отримання достатніх умов перманентної поведінки розв'язків системи використано методи, які базуються на застосуванні теорем порівняння.
The Pillars of the Earth and the Sky
Authors: Belmonte Juan Antonio , González-García A. César
Published: July 2015

Some cities were built with the idea of establishing cosmic order. The sky used to be a very important component of the landscape that has been lost completely in our modern, overcrowded, and excessively illuminated, cities. However, this was not the case in the past. Astronomy actually played a most relevant role in urban planning, particularly in the organization of sacred spaces which were later surrounded by extensive civil urban areas. Today, archaeoastronomy approaches the minds of our ancestors by studying the skyscape and how it is printed in the terrain by the visualization and the orientation of sacred buildings. The Sun was indeed the most conspicuous component of that skyscape and was the primary focus within a large set of very unique cultures of great historical significance. In particular, in this review paper, we will study and compare the case of four ‘solstitial’ cities: Thebes, Hattusha, Carthago Nova, and Petra, capitals of Egypt in the Middle and New Kingdoms, the Hittite Empire, the Carthaginian dominions in the Iberian Peninsula and the Nabataean Kingdom, respectively. We will briefly analyse solar aspects of the religions of these cultures and will scrutinize their capital cities, showing how their strategic geographical position and orography were of key importance. We will also look at how solar benchmarks, and related hierophanies, played a most relevant role in the orientation and/or location of some of their most significant monuments. We will finally incorporate a frame of analysis for these data in order to come to our conclusion that different Mediterranean societies where solar cults or symbolism are strongly substantiated display common characteristics in the orientation and location of these cities connecting them with solstitial orientations.
Exploring Skyscape in Stellarium
Authors: Brown Daniel
Published: July 2015

Exploring and engaging with the skyscape is an important method for developing meaning in the context of archaeoastronomical findings. In some cases the appearance of the sky needs to be simulated to reproduce conditions as they would have been experienced during the time period of interest. To achieve this goal planetarium software such as Stellarium has been used in the past. This paper will describe the context into which work with Stellarium has to be set to ensure a full skyscape experience. The precision of the sky simulated using Stellarium is shown to be as good as one degree for time periods dating back as far as 4000 BC. Most importantly, the paper also illustrates the opportunities photorealistic panorama imported into Stellarium have in conveying realism and also allowing for a fuller experience of temporal rhythms that enforce the skyscape experience. Finally, we conclude that Stellarium offers an ideal environment to develop skyscapes beyond the usual factual and representative dimension towards an artistic tool to convey mood and capture emotion.
National Astronomy Meeting, Portsmouth (United Kingdom), 23rd–26th June, 2014
Authors: Armstrong Pamela
Published: July 2015

Around six hundred astronomers and space scientists gathered at the University of Portsmouth in June 2014 for the Royal Astronomical Society’s National Astronomy Meeting (NAM). NAM is one of the largest professional astronomy conferences in Europe, and this year’s gathering included the UK Solar Physics annual meeting as well as attendance from the magnetosphere, ionosphere and solar-terrestrial physics community. Conference tracks ranged from discussion of the molecular universe to cosmic chronometers, and from spectroscopic cosmology to industrial applications of astrophysics and astronomy.
Desafios do apoio matricial como prática educacional: a saúde mental na atenção básica
Authors: Costa Fernanda Rebouças Maia , Lima Valéria Vernaschi , Silva Roseli Ferreira da , Fioroni Luciana Nogueira
Published: July 2015

Trata-se de investigação sobre a dimensão educacional das práticas de apoio matricial (AM) em saúde mental na atenção básica. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo interpretativo-explicativo, foram entrevistados profissionais envolvidos com AM em saúde mental de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Esses dados foram confrontados com os referenciais de AM em duas tendências pedagógicas: diretiva e construtivista. A análise deste conteúdo foi incorporada às entrevistas e permitiu a identificação de duas temáticas: “perfil do apoiador matricial”; e “desafios para a construção da prática do apoiador matricial”. A percepção sobre o perfil de competência do apoiador mostrou-se coerente com os pressupostos do AM, ao passo que suas práticas educacionais apresentaram-se predominantemente vinculadas à tendência diretiva. O desafio para uma prática construtivista foi parcialmente constatado, uma vez que requer uma posição crítica e transformadora frente às práticas educacionais hegemônicas presentes na saúde.
Applicability and accuracy of the initially dry and initially wet contact filter paper tests for matric suction measurement of geosynthetic clay liners
Authors: ACIKEL A. S. , SINGH R. M. , BOUAZZA A. , GATES W. P. , ROWE R. K.
Published: July 2015

An initially wet contact filter paper test (IW-CFPT) and an initially dry contact filter paper test (ID-CFPT) were used to examine the wetting paths of geosynthetic clay liners, including non-contact filter paper tests for comparative purposes. The CFPTs were applied to both geosynthetic clay liner faces to examine the effect of geotextile type on capillary contact. The non-woven geotextile face was found to be more likely to cause capillary breaks than the woven geotextile face. Both IW- and ID-CFPTs were found to be applicable to geosynthetic clay liners within their accurate upper matric suction measurement limits of 146 kPa and 66 kPa, respectively.
Brittle failure in timber connections loaded parallel to the grain
Authors: Jensen Jørgen L. , Girhammar Ulf Arne , Quenneville Pierre
Published: July 2015

An existing beam-on-elastic-foundation (BEF) model was used to determine the perpendicular-to-grain tensile stresses in timber members subjected to loading parallel to the grain by bolted connections. A set of relatively simple equations for the analysis of a Timoshenko beam of finite length on a Winkler foundation is given, and appropriate foundation stiffness values are discussed. While previous applications of the model have associated the foundation stiffness with the perpendicular-to-grain elastic strain in the timber, it is suggested that a fracture layer be introduced and the foundation stiffness be associated with the perpendicular-to-grain tensile strength and the mode I fracture energy of the wood. The latter estimation of the foundation stiffness, which leads to a so-called ‘quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics model’, has been applied with success to other problems where the BEF model has been used for the analysis of mode I fracture. An existing model for the analysis of the pure mode II fracture, which is also a quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics model based on similar assumptions as the proposed model for analysis of the mode I fracture, is reviewed. A simple way of handling mixed-mode fracture problems by means of the simple empirical interaction of the proposed pure mode I and pure mode II quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics models is discussed.
Open innovation to bolster research and development for neglected and emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Dent Jennifer , Graef Katy M , Shivanand Paddy
Published: July 2015

Infections remain a significant cause of disease, disability, and death in developing countries. Unfortunately, many of these infections, including centuries-old neglected diseases such as malaria and newly emerging and re-emerging diseases such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), have limited products available to prevent, diagnose, and treat them. One barrier that hinders the development of these products is neglected and emerging disease experts’ limited access to the biopharmaceutical industry’s small molecules, technologies, and know-how. Conversely, the biopharmaceutical industry’s lack of attention to and expertise in these diseases impedes the development of much-needed products. Organisations are addressing these challenges by developing platforms through which disease experts can access industry’s knowledge and assets. Strategic partnerships are applying a synergistic approach to leverage respective strengths of academia and industry. The following article describes two open innovation platforms, the Pool for Open Innovation against Neglected Tropical Diseases (POINT) and WIPO Re:Search, and two strategic, cross-sector collaborative efforts to develop therapeutics for EVD.
Qualidade das águas cinza tratada com fitorremediação em unidades de produção agrícola
Authors: Baracuhy Verena S. , Pereira Jórgerson P. G. Pereir , Ferreira Aline Costa , Silva Viviane F. , Nicola S
Published: July 2015

A irrigação é uma atividade que necessita de grande quantidade de água, o tratamento de águas cinzas provenientes de uma lavanderia pública em regiões semiáridas para reuso passa a ser uma alternativa de sobrevivência neste ambiente e favorável no desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa foi realizada no distrito de Ribeira no município de Cabaceiras - PB objetivando-se avaliar a qualidade da água cinza tratada com fitorremediação nas unidades de produção agrícola. Foram realizados dois tratamentos com(Tanque 2) e sem fitorremediação(Tanque 1), a cultura utilizada foi o capim elefante roxo. Foram coletadas amostras mensais e analisadas os seguintes parâmetros fisicoquimicos: Turbidez, pH, Condutividade elétrica (Ce), Demanda Quimica de Oxigenio(DQO) e Fostoro Total. Para a turbidez os valores dos tratamentos foram acima de 1.000 UNT. Na demanda química de oxigênio, o valor mínimo foi de 311mg/L (setembro) e máximo de 438mg/L (outubro) no tanque 2 em contrapartida no tanque 1 o valor mínimo foi de 354mg/L (setembro) e máximo de 618mg/L (outubro). O tratamento com fitorremediação teve uma maior eficiência na redução de DQO.Palavras – chave: capim elefante roxo, reuso, irrigação
Elaboração e qualidade de geleia e compota de abacaxi “pérola"
Authors: Pereira Emmanuel Moreira , Leite Filho Manoel Tolentino , Santos Yvana Maria Gomes dos , Pereira Bárbara Bruna Maniçoba , Maracajá Paticio Borges
Published: July 2015

O abacaxi é uma fruta largamente consumida no país sendo na forma processada ou in natura. Objetivou-se neste trabalho elaborar uma formulação de geleia e compota de abacaxi tipo “pérola” e sua composição físico-química. Objetivou-se elaborar geleia e compota de abacaxi “perola” e a sua composição físico-química. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Produtos Frutohortícolas – PDFRUTHO, Campus Bananeiras – Bananeiras/PB, pertencente à Universidade Federal da Paraíba. As etapas utilizadas na elaboração da compota foram: seleção, lavagem e sanitização, extração da polpa, formulação, concentração, envase, resfriamento e rotulagem. Para os parâmetros químicos avaliados foram pH, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis (SS),  acidez titulável (AT) e a condutividade elétrica. A geleia obtida apresentou valor de pH3,94, o teor de acidez titulável  foi de 0,24 ( em ácido cítrico) de sólidos solúveis totais (SS) de 37,94°Brix, de vitamina C de 1,84 mg/100 g e condutividade elétrica de 79,86uS. Os SS encontrados nas formulações encontram-se dentro dos padrões recomendados para geleias. A compota obtida apresentou valor de pH de 3,36, a AT foi de 0,4, SS de 32°Brix, de vitamina C de 3,36 mg/100 g e CE de 718 uS. Os SS encontrados nas formulações estão dentro dos padrões recomendados para doces em calda.
Effect of Adalimumab on Work Ability Assessed in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia (AWARDS)
Authors: Hussain Waleed , Janoudi Nahid , Noorwali Abdulsalam , Omran Narges , Baamer Matouqa , Assiry El Hussain , Alrayes Hanan , Alosaimi Hanan , Ibrahim Ashraf , Gohary Shereen , Minguet Joan , Almoallim Hani
Published: July 2015

Objectives :

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disabling disease that can jeopardize the ability of affected individuals to participate in paid work. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month course of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist (adalimumab) on work ability, overall health, and fatigue in RA patients.

Methods :

Between October 2012 and February 2014, this prospective, observational study enrolled 63 consecutive patients with established adult RA at outpatient clinics in Makkah, Jeddah, Riyadh and Abha (Saudi Arabia). Patients received subcutaneous injections of adalimumab (40 mg every 2 weeks). Outcomes were measured at baseline and 6 months using the following tools: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), and work disability self-assessment.

Results :

All outcomes showed improvements after 6 months of adalimumab therapy. Significant improvements from baseline were observed in absenteeism (64% ± 11.62 to 11.60% ± 11.17 [p<0.0001]), presenteeism (62.15% ± 20.11 to 34.92% ± 20.61 [p<0.0001]), overall work impairment (69.08% ± 18.86 to 40.73% ± 22.29 [p<0.0001]), overall activity impairment (68.46% ± 18.58 to 36.46% ± 20.79 [p<0.0001]), HAQ score (1.69 ± 0.57 to 0.81 ± 0.61 [p<0.0001]), and FSS score (47.08 ± 9.55 to 27.86 ± 13.43 [p<0.0001]).

Conclusion :

A 6-month course of adalimumab improved work ability, fatigue, and overall health assessments in patients with established RA. Our findings encourage randomized controlled trials investigating the cost-effectiveness and long-term effects of TNF inhibitors on work disability.
The Relation between Accounting Information in Debt Covenants and Operating Leases
Authors: Paik Daniel Gyung H. , van der Laan Smith Joyce A. , Lee Brandon Byunghwan , Yoon Sung Wook
Published: July 2015

SYNOPSIS

Proposed changes by the FASB and the IASB to lease accounting standards will substantially change the accounting for operating leases by requiring the capitalization of future lease payments. We consider the impact of these changes on firms' debt covenants by examining the frequency of income-statement- versus balance-sheet-based accounting ratios in debt covenants of firms in high and low Off Balance Sheet (OBS) lease industries. Based on debt contracts from the 1996–2009 period, our results provide evidence that lenders focus on balance sheet (income statement) ratios in designing debt covenants for borrowers in low (high) OBS lease industries. Further, the use of balance-sheet- (income-statement-) based covenants falls (rises) faster in high OBS lease industries than in low OBS lease industries as the use of OBS leasing increases. This evidence indicates that OBS operating leases influence lenders' use of accounting information in covenants, suggesting that creditors consider the impact of OBS leases when structuring debt agreements. These results also suggest that the proposed capitalization of OBS leases may not result in firms violating loan covenants but will make the balance sheet a more complete source of information for debt contracting by removing the need for constructive capitalization of OBS leases.
La Genève mondialisée de Paulo Coelho
Authors: Lévy Bertrand
Published: July 2015

Parmi les expériences de la ville racontées par la littérature, l’expérience sexuelle jouit d’une certaine place dans le contexte contemporain. Pourtant, la littérature ayant Genève comme cadre géographique évite systématiquement ce genre, interdit par Calvin et condamné par Rousseau. Il existe certes des passages de certains récits libertins se tramant à Genève, notamment au XVIIIe siècle, mais aucun livre n’a traité de ce sujet, hormis " Onze minutes" de Paulo Coelho (2003), un roman qui a connu un retentissement mondial. Centré sur la recherche de soi qui passe par la voie sexuelle et se déroulant dans sa plus grande partie à Genève, " Onze minutes" exprime une perception et une représentation renouvelée de la ville, expérimentée par une jeune prostituée brésilienne.
Ville et mondialisation : le centre ancien de Lisbonne
Authors: Galhardo Jacques
Published: July 2015

La mondialisation combine, dans le centre ancien de Lisbonne, des effets uniformisants qui le rendent semblable à ceux des villes mondiales et des effets discriminants qui le distinguent des autres. Le jeu des acteurs porté par un marché immobilier complexe explique la production d’un territoire original. La combinaison de l’usage du patrimoine local et des normes internationales, apparaît comme le principal facteur d’évolution des outils et du territoire. Elle explique une posture variable des acteurs publics.
Metastable level properties of the excited configuration 4p64d84f
Authors: Karpuškienė Rasa , Bogdanovich Pavel , Kisielius Romualdas
Published: July 2015

Metastable levels in rhodium-like ions with the ground configuration 4p64d9 and the excited configurations 4p64d84f and 4p54d10 are investigated. The ab initio calculations of the level energies, radiative multipole transition probabilities are performed in a quasirelativistic Hartree–Fock approximation employing an extensive configuration interaction based on quasirelativistic transformed radial orbitals. Systematic trends in the behavior of calculated radiative lifetimes of the metastable levels are studied for the ions from Z = 60 to Z = 92. The significance of the radiative transitions of higher multipole order (M2 and E3) for the calculated radiative lifetimes is demonstrated and discussed.
Classification of the 5p5nln'l' LSJ energy levels of Cs excited by 30 eV electrons
Authors: Kerevičius Gintaras , Kupliauskienė Alicija
Published: July 2015

Theoretical investigation of the 5p5
nl(L1S1)n'l' LSJ autoionizing states of Cs was performed by using large scale configuration interaction calculations of energy levels, autoionization probabilities and excitation cross sections obtained in the Dirac–Fock–Slater approximation. Classification of calculated energy levels in the LSJ coupling scheme of angular momenta and simulation of the intensities of ejected Auger electron spectrum were performed. The classified energy levels in the region from the excitation threshold up to 17.365 eV and simulated intensity spectrum were used for identification of the experimental ejected-electron spectrum of Cs excited by 30 eV electrons.
Constitutive relations in classical optics in terms of geometric algebra
Authors: Dargys Adolfas
Published: July 2015

To have a closed system, the Maxwell electromagnetic equations should be supplemented by constitutive relations which describe medium properties and connect primary fields (E, B) with secondary ones (D, H). J.W. Gibbs and O. Heaviside introduced the basis vectors {i, j, k} to represent the fields and constitutive relations in the three-dimensional vectorial space. In this paper the constitutive relations are presented in a form of Cl3,0 algebra which describes the vector space by three basis vectors {σ1, σ2, σ3} that satisfy Pauli commutation relations. It is shown that the classification of electromagnetic wave propagation phenomena with the help of constitutive relations in this case comes from the structure of Cl3,0 itself. Concrete expressions for classical constitutive relations are presented including electromagnetic wave propagation in a moving dielectric.
Nonlinear properties of silver nanoparticles explored by a femtosecond Z-scan technique
Authors: Alesenkov Aleksandr , Pilipavičius Jurgis , Beganskienė Aldona , Sirutkaitis Romualdas , Sirutkaitis Valdas
Published: July 2015

In this report we present results of linear and nonlinear optical properties of colloidal material consisting of triangle silver nanoparticles in distilled water. The nonlinear optical properties of the material were investigated by a Z-scan technique using femtosecond laser pulses with tunable wavelength. Nanoparticle suspension showed distinct spectra with absorption lines, emerging due to the plasmonic properties of the silver nanoparticles. Surface plasmon resonance peak change over a wide range of wavelengths from 400 to almost 1100 nm was observed when the size of silver nanoparticles varied from 20 to 150 nm. In the samples different nonlinear effects such as saturable absorption, two photon absorption and self-focusing were observed when the femtosecond pulse intensity was changed from 1 up to 100 GW/cm2.
Supercontinuum generation in YAG and sapphire with picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Gražulevičiūtė Ieva , Skeivytė Milda , Keblytė Enrika , Galinis Justas , Tamošauskas Gintaras , Dubietis Audrius
Published: July 2015

We report on experimental investigation of supercontinuum generation in YAG and sapphire crystals using 1.1 ps, 1055 nm laser pulses. Under loose focusing conditions a stable single filament is generated without the onset of optical damage within the input power range of 6 to 10Pcr, as verified from the near and far field measurements, and which gives rise to stable and reproducible supercontinuum spanning from 460 nm to 1.4 μm in YAG, and from 410 nm to 1.3 μm in sapphire. Permanent material modification, which develops under multiple laser shot exposure, is identified as the main limiting factor, which deteriorates the intensity distribution of the filament and dramatically alters the supercontinuum spectra.
Crossover between ferroelectric order and dipolar glass disorder in betaine phosphate0.06betaine phosphite0.94mixed crystals
Authors: Banys Jūras , Macutkevic Jan , Klimm Carola , Völkel Georg
Published: July 2015

The dielectric properties of mixed betaine phosphate0.06betaine phosphite0.94(BP0.06BPI0.94) ferroelectric crystals were investigated in a wide frequency range from 20 Hz to 3 GHz. Although the dielectric anomaly is clearly observed close to the ferroelectric phase transition temperatureTc= 121 K, the dielectric dispersion is very broad around and below this temperature. Temperature dependences of the dielectric strength, the mean relaxation frequency and the spontaneous polarization cannot be described together according to the Landau theory for ferroelectric phase transition with a single order parameter or according to the quasione-dimensional Ising model. The polarization shows a pronounced distribution in the ferroelectric phase and only a partial ordering of hydrogen atoms occurs down to the lowest temperatures. The unordered hydrogen atoms form a glassy phase and its formation is observed in dielectric spectra at very low temperatures. The proton freezing temperature was estimated.
Electric/dielectric properties of composites filled with onion-like carbon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kranauskaitė Ieva , Banys Jūras , Talik Ewa , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Nunn Nicolas , Shenderova Olga
Published: July 2015

The dielectric/electric properties of polyurethane composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), onion-like carbon (OLC) and mixed onion-like carbon/carbon nanotubes are compared across a wide frequency range from hertz to terahertz. The highest value of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity is observed in composites with carbon nanotubes. However, the dielectric/electric properties of composites filled with onion-like carbon are also very attractive and can be improved by addition of small amounts of carbon nanotubes due to the strong synergy effect. In composites with inclusions of mixed onion-like carbon/ carbon nanotubes, the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity increase due to the decreasing of both the potential barrier for carrier tunneling and the average distance between nanocarbon clusters.
Electrical resistance and magnetoresistance of highly oriented and polycrystalline La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/MgO(001) thin films
Authors: Vengalis Bonifacas , Černiukė Irina , Maneikis Andrius , Oginskis Antanas Kleopas , Grigaliūnaitė-Vonsevičienė Gražina
Published: July 2015

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films exhibiting a highly (001)-plane oriented and polycrystalline structure with a variable amount of (011)-textured crystallites have been grown in situ by RF magnetron sputtering on crystalline MgO(001) substrates by changing deposition temperature from 550 to 800 °C. Competing contribution of grains and grain boundaries to resistivity and magnetoresistance of the films has been investigated at T = (78–330) K. A model based on two parallel channels of current flow across grain boundaries has been applied to explain coexistence of low (LFMR) and high field (HFMR) magnetoresistance effects in the polycrystalline films at low temperatures. The LFMR effect has been understood assuming tunnelling of spin-polarized carriers via magnetic field-driven tunnelling barriers formed naturally between neighbouring misoriented grains. Meanwhile, the HFMR phenomenon has been associated with magnetic field-dependent hopping of carriers via the intergrain regions with reduced carrier density. Importance of the phase separation phenomenon on possible inhomogeneity of the material at grain boundaries has been discussed.