bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENTS OF THE CONCEPTS “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY” AND “RIGHT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY”
Authors: Oksana Korotiuk
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the content of the concepts "intellectual property" and "right of intellectual property", as well as to the possibility to use them as equivalent concepts. The author considers the features of a broad understanding of the intellectual property concept, in which it is revealed as a complex set of social relations arising at all levels of public life. According to this approach intellectual relations are only one type of the varieties of intellectual property relations, the totality of which only occasionally acts as the subject of legal regulation. Taking into account the above facts, the difference between the meaning of the concepts "intellectual property" (in the sense of this concept as a social relation) and "intellectual property right" is reflected in the content of the structural elements of the relations that denote these concepts: 1) Subjects of intellectual property rights are determined on the basis of compliance with certain legal requirements regarding legal personality, as well as the acquisition of subjective legal rights and obligations, which are provided to them by legal norms (by using their legal personality); the subjects of intellectual property become participants of social relations of different levels, including those, which are outside the legal regulation. Such interactions may be related to realization of creative abilities of a person, mental activity, etc.; 2) In the centre of understanding of the concept "object of intellectual property rights" is the content of intellectual property rights as a totality of personal non-property and property rights. The defining aspect of legal protection is the right to the created object of intellectual property rights. At the same time the object of intellectual property is a value in socio-philosophical sense that satisfies the social, economic, cultural, mental and other needs and interests of people. In this sense, an object by its nature is a blessing for a person; 3) Social connections between the subjects of intellectual relations are revealed through corresponding rights and obligations of the participants of these relations; in the relations of intellectual property social relations manifest themselves as interaction between people in different spheres of social life, based on the corresponding social statuses and roles, in which individuals carry out creative activity, realize their mental and cultural needs, etc. Understanding the concept "intellectual property" as identical with the concept “intellectual property right” is based on a normative approach. This approach shows that the concepts of “intellectual property” and “intellectual property right” have the same sense in the legislation and can denote both objects of intellectual property right and rights to such objects.
SWOT-ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING
Authors: Galyna Liakhovych  , Svitlana Bezruchuk  , Valentyna Ivanenko  , Svitlana Laichuk
Published: October 2020

A SWOT-analysis is considered as a tool of the strategic management for determining the feasibility of using accounting outsourcing as a way of the enterprise optimisation. It was found that the main interaction forms between the contractor and the customer of accounting outsourcing are the following ones: provision of accounting services; keeping records of only certain transactions or objects; integrated accounting and analytical support of all the enterprise activities; performance of the duties of the senior accounting officer of the enterprise. The list of enterprises, for which it is recommended to use accounting outsourcing is expanded, in particular newly created enterprises in a crisis condition; enterprises engaged in activities abroad; large enterprises, etc. The critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of accounting outsourcing is carried out and the necessity of SWOT-analysis potential risks and advantages of using accounting outsourcing in the short-term and long-term prospects are emphasised. It is noted that each advantage may pose a threat to the enterprise without taking into account certain key points of using accounting outsourcing, while the potential risks of using accounting outsourcing in the long run may be an advantage for the enterprise. The internal and external environments were analysed with the help of the extended model of SWOT-analysis from the position of the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, its capabilities and expected threats. An algorithm for enhancing the benefits and eliminating the shortcomings of accounting outsourcing should be developed during the decision-making on the usage of outsourcing in the enterprise activities. According to the results of SWOT-analysis, a matrix of measures on the expediency of accounting outsourcing has been formed, which will allow to predict the threats and potential opportunities at the stage of planning the use or refusal to use the accounting outsourcing services.
GENERAL SATISFACTION ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Nataliia Krasnokutska  , Salim Ghosn
Published: October 2020

Under current management conditions, it is necessary to take into account not only the interests of owners, but also other groups of its stakeholders during elaboration of the enterprises’ development strategies; the list of stakeholders is individual for each economic entity. Under entering into relations with the enterprise, they make certain contributions to its activity and wish to receive from such cooperation the desired incentives, which are expressed in satisfying the identified interests of stakeholders. Satisfaction of their interests occurs mainly by means of the enterprise management of the relations with them. That is why, the introduction into activity of stakeholder management is very topical for today’s practice of the enterprise management, the development and implementation of strategies for meeting their interests is a separate trend of stakeholder management. The research paper presents the results of categorization of stakeholders according to the level of their interests’ satisfaction by the enterprise and the substantiation of appropriate strategies for managing relations with them. The methodical tools for assessment the satisfaction level of economic, social and environmental interests of the enterprise stakeholders, as well as their generalized assessment on the base of the three-component indicator, are proposed. On the base of the developed indicator values scaling it is proposed to distinguish satisfaction levels of the interests, as well as groups and subgroups of stakeholders. The enterprise strategies for managing of satisfaction of their interests are substantiated in accordance with the implemented categorization of stakeholders. The proposed tools were tested on the example of sample of Ukrainian confectionery industry enterprises; the conclusion about the poor state of satisfaction of confectionery industry enterprises owners’ interests was reached on the base of its results and suggestions for improving relations with them were provided.
CREDIT DERIVATIVES IN BANKING: BENEFITS AND THREATS
Authors: Anastasiia Petruk  , Roman Stadniichuk
Published: October 2020

Financial institutions have faced a variety of threats, the main reasons for which are weak lending standards, ineffective risk evaluation of the loan portfolio, lack of attention to economic and other factors that can affect the creditworthiness of bank counterparties. Thus, among various threats, credit risk, caused by lending, remains the main source of problems for commercial banks. However, globalization and liberalization of the global financial system has led to the appearance of other sources, including trade and investment transactions, which are reflected both on the balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Banks are increasingly faced with credit risk in other financial operations – for example, with derivative financial instruments. Effective credit risk management is a critically important component of the comprehensive approach to risk management and the long-term success of a banking organization. The use of financial instruments that allows commercial banks to transfer credit risk to a third party for a fee and, thus, avoid the additional costs for forming reserves, has become one of the ways to prevent negative consequences. However, despite the many advantages associated with the risk hedging, credit derivatives, like other financial innovations, pose additional risks directly related to the application of these instruments. For example, these risks have manifested themselves in the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and minimized the positive effect of the credit derivatives. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using credit derivatives by commercial banks, shows the need for timely identification of probable risks and the development of effective methods for managing them by both the risk management of the bank and regulators.
IDENTIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN RENTAL RELATIONS
Authors: Sergiy Bardash  , Tatiana Osadcha
Published: October 2020

The urgency of the research consists in the existence of problem issues related to managing transaction costs in terms of rental relations, the main ones being their identification, measurement, accounting, control and analysis.  The root cause of the existence of these problems is the uncertainty of procedural content and the composition of the management functions of transaction costs. The purpose of the research is to determine the composition, interconnection and content of the main management functions of transaction costs. The research methodology is dialectical, abstract-logical and bibliographic methods, by which, based on the critical analysis of the main management functions of transaction costs, the composition of the main management functions of transaction costs is determined; techniques of induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis are applied to identify the content of the management functions of transactional costs of the enterprise as the basis for formation of an interaction system of the management mechanism of such costs. It has been established that management of transaction costs is an obligatory component of the dynamic management process of a business entity, which must be harmonized with the general management process and be consistent with its main purpose – to achieve high economic results of the enterprise. The structure of the main management functions of transaction costs (planning, organization, motivation, accounting, control, analysis, adjustment and coordination), logic of their implementation, interconnection and essence within the framework of implementation of rental relations are established. The practical significance of the research is to create a basis for building a management system for transaction costs and to determine the conditions for its effectiveness. The obtained scientific results will form the prospects for further research, which will consist in determining the elements of the system and the mechanism of transaction costs management by entities of rental relations.
STATE POLICY FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION PERIOD: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIMENSION
Authors: Volodymyr Pylypenko
Published: October 2020

This paper outlines the main approaches to understanding the concept of "innovation" and "innovation policy", and defines that today in scientific practice, two main models of innovation are identified: "innovative" and "catching up". We have determined that nowadays, it is important for Ukraine to move to an "innovative" model as soon as possible and to develop its own capacities. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to be on the same level with technically more developed western neighbors to function effectively in the new European political realities. This is extremely important for the further effective economic development of the state, on which its social sphere depends. That is why, the study and improvement of the state's innovation policy is being highlighted and updated today. For a better understanding of their own development opportunities, it is suggested to study the experiences of other countries that have already undergone similar stages of formation. In particular, the focus is on economic and technological development, which is the basis for innovation in all other areas. The paper presents a classification for the main types of state innovation policy of various countries according to Y. Kharchenko; defines the main features of the innovation policy in Ukraine and outlines the main guidelines for its further development. As a result of scientific literature analysis, it has been found that much has already been done for effective innovation development in Ukraine. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue the work in this direction, including studying the experience of other countries, improving the regulatory framework, stepping up scientific and technological progress, economic development and reviewing the main strategic goals of the state's innovation policy. Institutional and legal support of innovative activity in Ukraine is at the stage of formation, at the moment its main elements are created. However, the legal framework for regulating innovation processes in Ukraine requires expansion and improvement. The need to adopt a legislation on state regulation of technology transfer activities can be emphasized. The main effective mechanism for implementing the innovative model of economic development in Ukraine is the system of technological parks. The practice confirmed the high contribution of technological parks to the promotion of innovation activity at the regional level. All the above facts point to the rapid development of the state innovation policy in Ukraine, which is due to the relevance of this sphere of public administration for the countries that are still undergoing a transformational period.
WORLD TRENDS AND NATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR THE USE OF INFORMATION AND CONSULTING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Tetyana Kalna-Dubinyuk  , Olena Shapoval  , Iryna Bolotina
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of the study of the trends of globalization of the world economic system and the state of globalization of the Ukrainian economy from the standpoint of prospects for the further development of information and consulting technologies. Modern approaches to the use of information and consulting technologies in Ukraine are substantiated. The main trends of the development of information and consulting technologies on electronic digital platforms: the Internet, mobile applications, cloud technologies, etc. are analyzed. The use of information and consulting technologies for the formation of target audiences, expansion of the consumers' products, as well as acceleration of the promotion of brands in the conditions of functioning of the market system is shown.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR CREDITWORTHINESS ASSESSMENT AS A BASIS FOR CREDIT RISK IDENTIFICATION OF THE BANK
Authors: Alexander Petruk  , Olena Lagovska  , Nataliya Vyhovska  , Volodymyr Vyhovskyi
Published: October 2020

The work deals with the methodological principles for creditworthiness assessment of the borrower, which serves as the basis for determining the bank credit risks and directions for improving the regulation. The authors took into account the off-balance sheet liabilities in order to improve the methodology of assessing the borrower's creditworthiness, which allowed to increase the accuracy of the bank's credit risk assessment and is the basis for effective management decisions on the credit approval. As a result of the analysis of methodological support for assessing the borrower's creditworthiness, the authors have proven the effect on the integral index and debtor class. These studies confirmed that their legal regulation is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of a new methodological approach to the creditworthiness assessment in banking institutions. The article defines three regulatory levels of the creditworthiness assessment of the borrower-legal entity (international, national and interbank) and directions for improving regulation at the national level, as well as at the domestic one.
KORUNAN ALANLARDA BÜTÜNCÜL YÖNETİM: BÜYÜK MENDERES DELTASI VE BAĞLANTILI SULAK ALAN SİSTEMİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ERSOY TONYALOĞLU Ebru , KESGİN ATAK Birsen , YILMAZ Tuluhan
Published: October 2020

Korunan alanlar, tür ve habitat çeşitliliğinin korunmasının yanı sıra, tarihi ve kültürel değerlerin korunması ve yönetilmesi açısından da büyük öneme sahiptirler. Bu kapsamda birçok araştırmacı parçalanma ve izolasyonun peyzajlar ve türler üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için peyzaj bağlantılılığının korunması ve geliştirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı, Bafa Gölü Tabiat Parkı, Azap Gölü, Sarıkemer taşkını, Avşar Gölü (taşkını) ve Büyük Menderes Nehrinin oluşturduğu su ve sulak alan sisteminde peyzaj bağlantılılığının mekansal ve tür temelli olarak tanımlanması yoluyla çalışma alanında bütüncül bir yönetim anlayışının oluşturulmasına ilişkin gerekliliğin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle çalışma alanının habitat haritası oluşturulmuş ve peyzaj metrikleri ile habitatların mekansal bağlantılılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra, fonksiyonel/işlevsel bağlantılılık analizlerinin ve türlere özgü ekolojik ağlarının saptanmasında kullanılan ArcGIS yazılımı araçlarından “least-cost corridor”dan yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda fiziksel bağlantılılığın bazı türler veya tür grupları için işlevsel bağlantılılığı destekleyebileceği/artırabileceğini ancak bunun tüm türler için bir gereklilik olmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak, doğal ve yarı doğal habitatların sağladığı ekolojik işlevlerin ve ekosistem hizmetlerinin desteklenmesi ve sürdürülebilirliği bakımından, doğrusal habitatların büyük önem taşıdığı anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, iki korunan alan ve bu alanlar arasında kalan tarım alanlarının bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınarak yönetilmesi gerekliliği ortaya koyularak geleceğe yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Legal Theories and Judicial Decision-Making: An Ontological Analysis
Authors: Griffo Cristine , Almeida João Paulo A. , Guizzardi Giancarlo
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we expose the legal theories underlying two important classes of Legal Core Ontologies and show how these ontologies inherit both limitations and benefits (such as explanatory power) of their underlying theories. We do that with the help of a real case study in which we have normative omission and collision of principles. We use this case study to conduct an ontological analysis of the support for judicial decision-making in LKIF-Core (representing Kelsen’s Pure Theory of the Law) and UFO-L (representing Robert Alexy’s Theory of Constitutional Rights). We show that UFO-L is able to articulate the semantics of the content of judicial decisions by making explicit the individual’s legal positions that are raised in argumentation along a legal process. The same cannot be said of LKIF-Core that is based on the Kelsenian stance and focuses on the representation of general norms (norm types) and subsumption of facts to these norms.
Ontological Analysis and Modularization of CIDOC-CRM
Authors: Sanfilippo Emilio M. , Markhoff Béatrice , Pittet Perrine
Published: October 2020

The CIDOC-CRM ontology is a standard for cultural heritage data modeling. Despite its large exploitation, the ontology is primarily maintained in a semi-formal notation, which makes it difficult to homogeneously exploit it in digital environments. In addition, the ontology consists of several classes and relations, whereas one sometimes wishes to reuse it but only partially. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the use of CIDOC by strengthening its foundations. On the basis of formal ontology theories, we propose a first analysis of the ontology to enhance its conceptual structure. We also present a preliminary modularization of CIDOC aimed at enhancing both its formalization and usage.
The Computer Program as a Functional Whole
Authors: Keet C. Maria
Published: October 2020

Sharing, downloading, and reusing software is common-place, some of which is carried out legally with open source software. When it is not legal, it is unclear how many infringements have taken place: does an infringement count for the artefact as a whole or for each source file of a computer program? To answer this question, it must first be established whether a computer program should be considered as an integral whole, a collection, or a mere set of distinct files, and why. We argue that a program is a functional whole, availing of, and combining, arguments from mereology, granularity, modularity, unity, and function to substantiate the claim. The argumentation and answer contributes to the ontology of software artefacts, may assist industry in litigation cases, and demonstrates that the notion of unifying relation is operationalisable.
Hypolipidemic effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on the serum lipid profile and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats
Authors: Faraji Nafiseh , Ganji Ahmad , Heshami Neda , Salehi Iraj , Haddadian Ahmad , Shojaie Shiva , Komaki Alireza
Published: October 2020

Diets included high-fat (HFD) and high calories intake is correlated with greater risk of obesity and oxidative stress, which lead to increase the risk of related diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease. In the present study, we have examined the hypolipidemic activity of Hypericum Scabrum extract on HFD fed rats. Fifty-four male Wistar rats divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg gavage per day), 3) H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg), 4) HFD, 5) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg), 6) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg). The groups were fed their diet and treatment for 3 months. Biochemical analysis showed elevated lipid serum profile in HFD rats compared to control group. H. Scabrum extract supplementation significantly ameliorated triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. H. Scabrum extract supplementation leading to increase HDL-cholesterol in HFD treated groups. This experiment showed that H. Scabrum extract decreased HFD complications and might be beneficial herbal drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
Effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome on E-cadherin expression in esophageal epithelium
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Republic of Belarus, Shelkovich Yu.Ya.
Published: October 2020

Aim: to evaluate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on E-cadherin expression and epithelium histoarchitectonics of the lower third of the esophagus. Patients and Methods: 108 patients were included in a cross-sectional comparative study. According to the results of somnology, a mild severity of OSAHS was diagnosed in 49 patients (group 1), an average severity — in 29 (group 2). Group 3 included 30 people without OSAHS. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with a biopsy of the lower third of the esophagus. Morphometrics of epithelial thickness, height of connective tissue papillae, and internuclear distances in all epithelial layers was performed. To assess the E-cadherin expression, immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies to E-cadherin. Results: in contrast to the comparison group, patients with mild and moderate OSAHS were characterized by a higher epithelium thickness (273 (228; 372), 360 (312; 411), 186 (168; 192) μm, respectively, р1–3=0.000, р2–3=0.000), higher connective tissue papillae (108 (96; 120), 144 (120; 228), 72 (60; 84) μm, respectively, р1–3=0,001, р2–3=0,000), and larger internuclear distances in superficial layer (9 (7; 10), 8 (7; 9), 6 (5; 7) μm, respectively, р1–3=0.000, р2–3=0.002), spinous layer (8 (6; 9), 8 (7; 8), 6 (5; 7) μm, respectively, р1–3=0.000, р2–3=0.000), basal layer (4 (3; 5), 3 (3; 4), 2 (2; 3) μm, respectively, р1–3=0.000, р2–3=0,001) of epithelium. E-cadherin expression decreased in patients with both mild OSAHS (0.748 (0.623; 0.833) and 0.539 (0.263; 0.676), respectively, p=0.044) and moderate OSAHS (0.748 (0.623; 0.833) and 0.163 (0.026; 0.365), respectively, p=0.000) versus the comparison group. Correlations were found between respiratory monitoring indicators and E-cadherin expression in the esophageal epithelium. Conclusion: OSAHS negatively affects the lining condition of the lower third of the esophagus, contributes to the loss of E-cadherin, which creates conditions for disorganization of epithelial tissue and increases the risk of precancerous diseases and esophageal cancer. KEYWORDS: obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, E-cadherin, esophageal epithelium, histoarchitectonics, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, intermittent hypoxia, apnea-hypopnea index. FOR CITATION: Shelkovich Yu.Ya. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome on E-cadherin expression in esophageal epithelium. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):268–273. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-268-273.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. Online survey results
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubrovskaya M.I. , Gryaznova E.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Aim: to study the possibilities of online surveys for mothers using a questionnaire on the basis of the Rome IV criteria (2016) as a screening for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in infants and toddlers. Patients and Methods: an anonymous online survey of 477 mothers was conducted regarding the health condition of their children under the age of 4 years. The survey consisted of 2 question pools. The first pool included general questions regarding the age of the mother at the time of delivery, obstetric and gynecological history, feeding of an infant/toddler at the time of the survey. The second pool included questions regarding FGID in infants and toddlers on three separate topics: functional disorders of the first year of life; diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome; bowel movement disorder. Results: among 130 infants, regurgitation was in 50% of cases (at the age of 6 months — in 75%, at the age of 6 to 12 months — in 35%), baby colic — in 49%. The incidence of functional constipation in children under 6 months was 5.8%, from 6 to 12 months — 7.6%, gradually increasing by 3–4 years to 21.5%. Toilet skills were taught to 15 (12%) children aged 1 year — 1 year 11 months, 58 (59%) — at the age of 2 years — 2 years 11 months, and 119 (98%) — at the age of 3 years — 3 years 11 months. Mothers who were unaware of their child’s physical development and/or defecation problems accounted for 20.1% of those who took part in the survey. Conclusion: online survey results of mothers coincide with modern statistical data on FGID disorder. The survey results generally reflect the anatomical and physiological patterns of the child’s GI development. Online survey on the detection of FGID in infants/toddlers allows to make a preliminary diagnosis, identify existing problems and determine further patient management tactics. KEYWORDS: functional gastrointestinal disorders, infant, toddler, Rome IV criteria, questionnaire for parents, functional constipation, online survey, baby colic, regurgitation, toilet skills. FOR CITATION: Dubrovskaya M.I., Gryaznova E.I. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. Online survey results. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):274–281. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-274-281.
Non-invasive diagnostics of liver fibrosis: recent data on the possibilities of instrumental techniques
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kulebina E.A. , Surkov A.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usoltseva O.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Liver fibrosis is a progressive pathological process that develops in chronic liver disease. This pathology can lead to cirrhosis. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for evaluation of liver fibrosis, currently, though, non-invasive diagnostic methods are being actively introduced into clinical practice. Unlike liver biopsies, most non-invasive instrumental techniques are easy to perform, accessible, and repeatable, making them more convenient for evaluating dynamic fibrotic change. The review summarizes the main principles of non-invasive instrumental techinques for assessment of liver fibrosis severity, which have been studied and put into practice in recent years. The most widely used techniques in clinical practice are based on principles of elastography — it indirectly determines the organ tissue density. The techniques are characterized by different sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of fibrosis. The main issues arise when differentiating the disease stages. For some techniques, the limitation of use is ascites, excessive subcutaneous fat, whereas the main limiting factor for others is the high cost of the procedure. Meanwhile, there is every reason to believe that non-invasive techniques can take the main place in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and replace biopsy in the foreseeable future. KEYWORDS: liver fibrosis, chronic liver diseases, non-invasive diagnostic techniques, elastography, liver biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound. FOR CITATION: Kulebina E.A., Surkov A.N., Usoltseva O.V. Non-invasive diagnostics of liver fibrosis: recent data on the possibilities of instrumental techniques. Russian Medical Review. 2020;4(5):297–301. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-297-301.
Affiliation of Postpartum Depression with Mode of Delivery; A Disregarded Domain
Authors: Jadoon Aisha Khan , Jadoon Arzu , Jadoon Sarosh Khan , Ishtiaq Shahina
Published: October 2020

Background: Postpartum Depression is a serious issue that can lead to irreversible disasters if not timely recognized and diagnosed. There are various modes of delivery; which may contribute towards physical and mental trauma.
Methods: It was a prospective descriptive cross- sectional study carried out to evaluate the alliance of postnatal depression with different modes of delivery i.e. vaginal or lower segment caesarean section. The study was conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital. A sample size of 200 was taken. It was carried out from June 2019 to December 2019. A Performa was designed that questioned about different socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for post-natal depression (PND). Edinburg Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPNDS) was used for authenticated identification of women with depression in purpeurium.
Results: Out of the total sample of 200 women, 100 were taken from the spontaneous vaginal delivery group and 100 from cesarean section group. Mean age was 21-34 years. It was noticed that 60% women who underwent cesarean section became a victim of depression and 40% women who had a normal vaginal delivery were identified to have post natal depression.
Conclusion: The study identifies cesarean section to be one of the culprits of postnatal depression as compared to woman undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery.  There is an exponential rise in the frequency of performing unexplained cesarean sections that would also boost up the graphs of postnatal depression; hence there is a dire need to instruct women to follow up postnatal so that they can be evaluated for post partum depression.
Legislación laboral
Authors: Repullés Juan Enrique
Published: October 2020

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La reforma agraria de Taiwán
Authors: V. F.
Published: October 2020

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DISTAL UNLOCKED PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY AND REVIEW ABOUT ITS FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS IN INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES.
Authors: Jain Harshit
Published: October 2020

Background: Proximal femur nailing has become the treatment of choice in intertrochanteric femur fractures. There are different views regarding the use of distal locking in these fractures. It is said that the distal locking does not only provide rotational and axial stability but also improves the fracture healing ; However, reports of implant failure , implant breakage , stress fracture at nail tip or at distal screw  insertion site , thigh pain ,cortical hypertrophy and difficulty in distal screw insertion are among the possible complications that can be  encountered. In our study we investigated the outcome of omitting the distal screw in intertrochatric fractures.

Materials and Methods: 19 patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures were treated with proximal femoral nail without distal locking. Distal locking was omitted when a tight fit of PFN was felt in the medullary canal by the operating surgeon. The results were evaluated with Modified Harris Hip Score.

Results: 19 patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for 2 years.

Conclusions: Distally unlocked proximal femoral Nail is an effective treatment modality with minimal complications in treatment of   only STABLE intertrochantric fractures.

Keywords: PFN, without distal lock, intertrochanteric fractures
Teacher Coaching as an Example of Solving Logical Problems
Authors:   Municipal autonomous educational institution of additional education “Center for Information Technologies”, 46 Leningradskaya str., 188540, Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad region, Russia, Pangina Nina N.
Published: October 2020

Based on the technology of teachers' educational coaching, a methodical approach of interaction between students and teachers for solving a non-standard task by a student a task with "extra" data in the condition, is demonstrated. The presented methodology is designed to help students develop the necessary skills to successfully complete the task. The main stages of the methodology are detailed, from critical understanding of the task (topic), goal setting, motivation of activities and the choice of strategy to a creative approach to solving the task and analyzing the results. The role of the teacher consists in posing guiding questions, increasing student motivation, monitoring difficult situations while moving towards a set goal. The result is the unlocking of the child's potential for the formation of his inner desire to "learn how to learn". During the coaching session, the effectiveness of various graphical models was considered and evaluated using the example of solving a logical problem.
Development of antimicrobial therapy methods to overcome the antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Kisil Olga V. , Efimenko Tatiana A. , Gabrielyan Nina I. , Efremenkova Olga V.
Published: October 2020

The spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogens represents a threat to human health around the world. In 2017, the World Health Organization published a list of 12 top-priority antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria for which new effective antibiotics or new ways of treating the infections caused by them are needed. This review focuses on Acinetobacter baumannii, one of these top-priority pathogens. The pathogenic bacterium A. baumannii is one of the most frequently encountered infectious agents in the world; its clinically significant features include resistance to UV light, drying, disinfectants, and antibiotics. This review looks at the various attempts that have been made to tackle the problem of drug resistance relating to A. baumannii variants without the use of antibiotics. The potential of bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of infections caused by A. baumannii in both planktonic and biofilm form is assessed. Such topics as research into the development of vaccines based on the outer membrane proteins of A. baumannii and the use of silver nanoparticles, as well as photodynamic and chelate therapy, are also covered.
Preclinical studies of immunogenity, protectivity, and safety of the combined vector vaccine for prevention of the middle east respiratory syndrome
Authors: Dolzhikova Inna V. , Grousova D. M. , Zubkova O. V. , Tukhvatulin A. I. , Kovyrshina A. V. , Lubenets N. L. , Ozharovskaia T. A. , Popova O. , Esmagambetov I. B. , Shcheblyakov D. V. , Evgrafova I. M. , Nedorubov A. A. , Gordeichuk I. V. , Gulyaev S. A. , Botikov A. G. , Panina L. V. , Mishin D. V. , Loginova S. Y. , Borisevich S. V. , Deryabin P. G/ , Naroditsky B. S. , Logunov D. Y. , Gintsburg A. L.
Published: October 2020

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an acute inflammatory disease of the respiratory system caused by the MERS-CoV coronavirus. The mortality rate for MERS is about 34.5%. Due to its high mortality rate, the lack of therapeutic and prophylactic agents, and the continuing threat of the spread of MERS beyond its current confines, developing a vaccine is a pressing task, because vaccination would help limit the spread of MERS and reduce its death toll. We have developed a combined vector vaccine for the prevention of MERS based on recombinant human adenovirus serotypes 26 and 5. Studies of its immunogenicity have shown that vaccination of animals (mice and primates) induces a robust humoral immune response that lasts for at least six months. Studies of the cellular immune response in mice after vaccination showed the emergence of a specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response. A study of the vaccine protectivity conducted in a model of transgenic mice carrying the human DPP4 receptor gene showed that our vaccination protected 100% of the animals from the lethal infection caused by the MERS-CoV virus (MERS-CoV EMC/2012, 100LD50 per mouse). Studies of the safety and tolerability of the developed vaccine in rodents, rabbits, and primates showed a good safety profile and tolerance in animals; they revealed no contraindications for clinical testing.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PT. PELINDO II CABANG BENGKULU.
Authors: Syofian Syofian
Published: October 2020

This research was conducted to find out and measure the variable quality of service (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, emphaty) significantly influence customer satisfaction PT. Pelindo II Cab. Bengkulu. The method of data collection is carried out by observation and questionnaire methods. The results showed the dimensions of Tangible service quality (X1), Reability (X2), Responsiveness (X3), Assurance (X4) and Emphaty (X5), together had a positive effect. Regression equation Y = 4.721 + 0.207 X1 + 0.222 X2 + 0.182 X3 + 0.350 X4 - 0.394 X5. F test amounted to 27,221 while F table 2,31, means F-count> F-table (27,221> 2,31). The results show the quality of tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy services together have a positive and significant effect on the variable customer satisfaction. The t test is known to show the Tangibles Variable t count of 3.384. This value is greater than t table (3,384> 1,986). Reliability Variables t count at 3.058 this value is greater than t table (3.058> 1.986). The Responsiveness variable t counts for 1,992 this value is greater than t table (1992> 1,986). Variable Assurance t count at 6,576, this value is greater than t table (6,576> 1,986). Empathy variable has a value of t count of -7,259. This value is greater than t table (-7.259 <1,986)
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI RUMAH SEDERHANA DI PERUMAHAN PURIMAS KELURAHAN BENTIRING KECAMATAN MUARA BANGKA HULU KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Markoni Markoni
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Price, House Design, location, available facilities, and Housing Environment simultaneously on consumer behavior in the decision to buy a simple house in Purimas Housing, Bentiring Sub-District, Bengkulu City Muara Bangka Hulu Subdistrict, and which factors have partial influence more dominant. The population of this study was buyers of simple houses in Purimas Housing, Bentiring Sub-District, Muara Bangka Hulu Sub-District, bengkulu City. Sampling uses incidental sampling techniques. Data collection uses questionnaires and literature. Primary data and secondary data collected, processed and analyzed by multiple correlation methods and multiple linear regression methods. Price Factors, House Design, location, facilities available, and Housing Environment simultaneously have a very strong influence on consumer behavior in simple home buying decisions in Purimas housing as indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (R) 0.929, with the contribution of variations to the fifth change in the independent factor for consumer behavior by 86.3%. From the equation Y = 0.079 + 0.267X1 + 0.202X2 + 0.175X3 + 0.192X4 + 0.218X5 + e1

By comparing the magnitude of the Regression coefficient of each Price Factor, Design, Location, Available Facilities and environment, it is known that the more dominant factor influencing consumer behavior is the price of the house, then followed by the environment, design and then available facilities and housing locations. Hypothesis Test Results on multiple correlation coefficients, as well as Hypothesis Tests on regression coefficients of all the Factors studied show that there is a significant effect of Price Factors, House Design, location, available Facilities, and Housing Environment both simultaneously and partially significantly influence towards consumer behavior in the decision to buy a simple house in Purimas Housing, Bengkulu City. Based on the analysis, the researcher suggested the developer company to maintain prices, create new designs that follow market tastes, and improve housing facilities.
TAX PLANNING ATAS PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN PADA SEMUA PERSEKUTUAN KOMANDITER (CV) DI KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU DAN KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Rimbano Dheo , Wahyuni Mirra Sri
Published: October 2020

Corporate income tax that must be paid. Neither, awareness of paying is poor, Islam is more familiar with the term â€œZakatâ€ than tax (Awareness in paying zakat is â€˜very highâ€™ for Muslims). We know, raising awareness begins with the planning process, so the constraints in every plan to pay taxes need to be known. Possible taxpayers already know of its obligations, but the meaning is like a "double-edged knife", the positive trend in paying taxes is still to be studied, whether based on the tax amnesty and or if the tax planning starts, the negative side of tax amnesty is the fact that our taxpayers are "stubborn" In the discipline of paying taxes. With the existence of tax planning, the taxpayer can save tax that actually exceeds its obligations, and on the other hand help taxpayers in making decisions relating to investment plans in the future. The research focus is on the scope of Tax Planning with Law No. 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax and Tax Regulations others in all the Command Companies in Lubuklinggau City and Bengkulu City. Using qualitative analysis, to analyze tax planning for corporate income tax. then consider the actions that should be taken in streamlining the 2015 owed Corporate Income Tax under Law No. 36 of 2008 article 9 paragraph (1) and Law No. 36 of 2006 article 9 paragraph (1) letter e, activities can be carried out as follows: (1) Provision of health benefits for employees; (2) Providing HR development and education for employees; (3) Provision of bonuses for employee performance; (4) Provision of vehicles for transportation; and (5) giving uniforms to employees. The results of the study show that (1) the Tax Planning of the PPH the Agency in accordance with the Tax Regulations the majority of the CVs are not implemented and (2) In the financial management of CVs both in Lubuklinggau City and Bengkulu City have not been able to make efficient PPH payments.
PENGARUH PENILAIAN KINERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL PANGRANGO 2 BOGOR
Authors: Waliamin Janusi
Published: October 2020

The hotel business in the city of Bogor has increased from year to year which has increased business competition. Then it is followed by a performance appraisal of employees whose aim is to monitor and maintain the performance of the selected employees because the performance appraisal will affect the follow-up needed by the employees relating to staffing decisions, for example promotion, payroll, or development. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the effect of performance appraisal on employee motivation and work productivity at the hotel pangrango 2 in Bogor.This type of research used in this study was a quantitative approach or statistical data analysis. The data sources were obtained from distributing questionnaires to 133 employees. The validity of the data was analyzed using the Product Moment Pearson correlation technique formula while the reliability of the measuring instrument was carried out using the Alfa Cronbach technique. The results showed that the employees of the Hotel Pangrango 2 Bogor used self-appraisal techniques, the effect of evaluation on motivation had a positive effect, the place of evaluation had no effect on employee motivation, the evaluation method on motivation had a negative effect, and motivation had a positive effect on the employees’ work productivity. Based on the results of the analysis of the research, the Hotel Pangrango 2 Bogor really needs to pay attention to performance evaluation factors because it is very influential on employee motivation and motivation itself will affect employees’ performance productivity.
ANALISIS PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP CORPORATE SOCIAl RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2013-2019
Authors: Safrianti Sintia
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to know factors that influence Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in the Basic and Chemical Industry Sector. Variables investigated in this study were size of company and age of company. The method used in this study is tocollect data, and then it will be analyzed using quantitative analysis methods. The populations in this study were companies thatcarry out Social Responsibility Disclosure, 28 sample companies selected in this study used purposive sampling methodology. The data analysis method was multi linier regression with significance level of 5%. The result of the study showed that : (1) Company size has a significant effect on CSRD. This shows that large scale companies will do more disclosure of their social responsibility; (2) The age of the company is not significant for CSRD. This shows the length of the company does not affect the disclosure of social responsibility.
ANALISIS SOFT SKILL DAN HARD SKILL SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP OPTIMISME CALON LULUSAN PRODI MANAJEMEN UNIHAZ BENGKULU
Authors: Fauzan Fauzan
Published: October 2020

This research is explanatory research, intended to determine the relationship between soft skill and hard skill variables on the optimism of prospective graduates of Bengkulu Unihaz Management Study Program. The quantitative data of this study were obtained from questionnaires which were then processed into statistical analysis. The results of the analysis are known soft skill variables (X1) and hard skills (X2) have a strong and unidirectional relationship, and have a positive effect on the optimism variable of prospective graduates of the Unihaz Bengkulu study program. This is evidenced by the value of multiple correlation, multiple linear regression, t-test and f-test. Of the two independent variables hard skill contribution is greater than the soft skill. As a suggestion to improve students' hard skills and soft skills, they encourage them to be more active in research and community service, carry out excursion studies, namely visiting companies, entrepreneurs, crafts and other institutions that can foster their hard skills and soft skills, then directed to be more active in student organizations, youth and spirituality.