bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Simulation Investigation on Ball-Sealer Transport and Diversion Performance Aided by Machine Learning Method
Authors: Qu Hai , Liu Ying , Li Chengying , Zeng Zhijun , Liu Xu , Li Zhelun
Published: November 2023

Ball-sealer diversion has been proven to be an effective and economical way to increase fractures and fracturing volume in multistage hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing treatments. However, designing and implementing a successful ball-sealer diversion treatment is still challenging. Typically, operators rely on empirical data to determine diversion parameters and need an understanding of accurate ball transport and diversion behaviors. A model for optimizing operating parameters, including fluid and ball properties, and predicting the diversion performance of ball sealers before treatment is needed for designing the fracturing process.

In this work, we systematically investigated ball-sealer diversion using experimental and numerical methods. The resolved model of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) is first developed to simulate the transport of a large ball in a horizontal wellbore with side holes. The experimental results validated the numerical model. The effects of the ball position in the pipe, flow ratio of the hole to pipe, injection flow rate, and ball density on the diversion performance were studied under field parameters.

The results show that the ball sealer easily misses the heel-side perforation due to the inertial effect and travels to the toe side due to the large inertia and turbulent flow. The ball position and flow rate ratio are crucial for the diversion performance. There is a threshold value of the ball position under the specific condition, and the ball successfully turns to the perforation only when the threshold distance is met. A ball sealer closer to the perforation will have a larger probability of blocking the hole than the ball at the other side of the wellbore. The larger the flow rate ratio, the more the drag force on the ball, and the ball can successfully divert to the perforation despite the ball being far from the hole. The injection flow rate and ball density negatively correlate with the diversion performance due to the large inertia and gravity. The best classification result with the F1 score of 87.0% in the prediction set was achieved using the random forest (RF) algorithm. It provides new insight into developing ball sealers and adjusting fracturing parameters based on machine learning (ML) methods.
Environmental impacts of forest fire in Uttarakhand using machine learning techniques
Authors: Tiwari Arpit , Kumar Ravi Ranjan
Published: November 2023

Wildfires are significant emitters of trace gases and aerosols that impact air quality and ecosystem. Smoke plumes produced by wildfire are key considerations in climate and air quality modelling. Wildfires are significant sources of light-absorbing aerosols, specifically involving black carbon (BC) as scattering aerosols, all of which have wide environmental impacts. Smoke produced by forest fires escape the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and have the potential to stay aloft for several days. These smoke aerosols can alter the regional radiation budget and extend beyond the age of the fire itself resulting as air quality degradation up to hundreds of kilometres downwind. These particles have the potential to act as cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) that alter cloud reflectivity, cloud lifetime, and the frequency of precipitation. Along with atmospheric effects; wildfires are responsible for hydrophobic soil that prevents the absorption of water. Wildfires that began in Uttarakhand on October 15, 2020 were still burning on April 5, 2021 which definitely is another manifestation of climate change. The impact of above fires was studied using Sentinel-2 satellite over Almora district in Uttarakhand on January 16, 2021 and April 1, 2021. The study revealed that 210 hectares out of 460.67 hectares area was burnt in the Almora. The burnt region was classified based on burn severity using delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm for pre and post fire period. Effects on the soil were evaluated using the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and the normalized differential moisture index (NDMI). Emissions and aboveground biomass (AGB) were estimated using machine learning techniques for the study area. Results show moderate to strong RBR, 38% increased AOT, decreased soil moisture, and moderate burned biomass at most of the locations. The atmospheric effects of this wildfire event and the estimate of burnt AGB have been presented in this research paper.
Evaluation of the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake survivors affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake; A section from Gaziantep Nurdağı district
Authors: Tomak Leman , Demirel Tolga , Demir İbrahim
Published: November 2023

Background: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred in Pazarcık district of Turkey at 04.17 on February 6, 2023 and another earthquake of 7.6 occurred at 13.24 on the same day. This is the second largest earthquake to have occurred in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate the earthquake-related level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, general health and psychological status of survivors who were affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and who were living in Nurdağı district of Gaziantep after the earthquake.
Methods: Data of 2317 individuals older than 18 years of age who were living in earthquake neighbourhoods, tents and containers in Nurdağı district of Gaziantep were examined. Variables were evaluated to find out the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake victims. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to find out psychological states of earthquake victims.
Results: The participants had an average age of 45.71±15.62 (18-90) years; 50.7 % of the participants were men and 49.3 % were women. Married participants constituted 82.1 % and housewives constituted 42.1 % of all participants. 17.1% of the survivors had lost first degree relative, while 51.0% had lost second degree relatives. The rate of injuries was 14.2% and leg and foot injuries were the most common with 44.2%. Mean GHQ-12 score of the survivors was 3.81±2.81 and 51.9% experienced psychological distress. In the evaluation with logistic regression, it was found that female gender, being injured in the earthquake, loss of first degree and second degree relatives (with a higher rate in loss of first degree relative), having a severely damaged-to be demolished house and having a completely destroyed house were correlated with higher level of psychological distress.
Conclusion: General characteristics, injury prevalence and affecting factors of earthquake survivors were evaluated in the present study. Psychological distress was found in victims.
For this reason, providing protective and assistive services to fight the destructive effects of earthquake is vital.
Piezo1 transduces inflammatory pain signals in nociceptors
Authors: Hong Gyu-Sang , Lee Pa Reum , Ha Taewoong , Choi Hoon-Seong , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Chungho
Published: November 2023

Mechanosensation begins with sensing pressure by mechanically activated (MA) channels in the nerve endings of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Piezos are the first discovered MA channels in mammals with various mechanosensations. Piezo2’s function is mainly linked to light touch, nociception, and proprioception in DRGs. However, the involvement of Piezo1 in mechanical pain has remained uncertain. Here, we report that Piezo1 transcripts are distinctively expressed in DRGs whose population is largely positive for Trpv1. Similarly, Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, induces robust Ca2+ elevation among capsaicin-positive populations. DRG neurons infected with Piezo1 shRNA virus result in a reduction of intermediately-adapting type of MA currents. Silencing Piezo1 reduces tactile pain hypersensitivity in formalin- and carrageenan-dependent inflammation. Furthermore, Piezo1 ablation in DRGs induces excitability change within capsaicin-positive populations. Our findings suggest that Piezo1 is an MA channel mediating mechanical pain in DRGs.
Community optometry-based diabetic retinopathy review clinics – a new model of care and comparison with virtual diabetic retinopathy clinics
Authors: Gallagher Kevin , Dorrian Dervla , Al-Janabi Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background
Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the UK, this study evaluates a novel community optometry-based DR review service against traditional hospital-based virtual DR clinics.
Methods
Data from both clinic types were analysed. Metrics included DR grading, management plans, grading concordance between community optometrists and consultant ophthalmologists, and the assessment of “ungradable” retinopathy referrals.
Results
1760 patients attended the virtual clinic between Jan 2021 and Sept 23. 954 patient attended the community review clinic between Aug 22 and Sept 23. 24% of patients seen in the community clinic required subsequent hospital F2F appointment, versus 36% from virtual clinics. Grading agreements between community optometrists and hospital consultants were significant with Weighted Kappa scores of 0.61 (95% CI 0.52–0.69) for DR grade and 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.82) for DMO status. Additionally, the community clinic reported a considerably reduced non-attendance rate of 5%, in contrast to 21% in virtual clinics.
Conclusion
The community optometry-based DR service emerges as an efficient, safe alternative to hospital services. It offers notable advantages over virtual clinics and addresses a care gap for those unsuitable for virtual consultations. The results highlight the potential of community-based models in managing DR.
Hepatic lipid-associated macrophages mediate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery against MASH
Authors: Revelo Xavier , Fredrickson Gavin , Florczak Kira , Barrow Fanta , Dietsche Katrina , Wang Haiguang , Parthiban Preethy , Almutlaq Rawan , Adeyi Oyedele , Herman Adam , Bartolomucci Alessandro , Staley Christopher , Jahansouz Cyrus , Williams Jesse , Mashek Douglas , Ikramuddin Sayeed
Published: November 2023

For patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, bariatric procedures such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) have a clear benefit in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). While the effects of bariatric surgeries have been mainly attributed to nutrient restriction and malabsorption, whether immuno-modulatory mechanisms are involved remains unclear. Here we report that VSG ameliorates MASH progression in a weight loss-independent manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that hepatic lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) expressing the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase their lysosomal activity and repress inflammation in response to VSG. Remarkably, TREM2 deficiency in mice ablates the reparative effects of VSG, suggesting that TREM2 is required for MASH resolution. Mechanistically, TREM2 prevents the inflammatory activation of macrophages and is required for their efferocytotic function. Overall, our findings indicate that bariatric surgery improves MASH through a reparative process driven by hepatic LAMs, providing insights into the mechanisms of disease reversal that may result in new therapies and improved surgical interventions.
NUP37 promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through DNMT1-mediated methylation
Authors: Jiang tianwei , Lv Yongqiang , Wang Chaolian , Liu Ruoyu , Wu Shaoxian , Chen Junjun , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The objective of this study was to determine whether nucleoporin 37 (NUP37) could control the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), thus contributing to the onset and progression of glioma.
Methods
TCGA and GTEx public databases were employed to examine the expression of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma. The correlation between NUP37 and DNMT1 expression levels and clinical features, such as prognosis, World Health Organization (WHO), and histopathological types of glioma patients, was analyzed based on the TCGA database. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression levels of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma tissues, cell lines, and post-lentivirus transfection cells. Assays, such as MTT assay, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, scratch test, and cell counting assay, were employed to identify the regulatory effects of NUP37 depletion on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and cell cycle of glioma cells. Transcriptome sequencing combined with proteomic was utilized to examine the changes in genes, proteins, and signaling pathways post-NUP37 knockdown in glioma cells to uncover the effects of changes in target molecules upstream and downstream of NUP37 on glioma cell biological functions. The co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to investigate the interaction between NUP37 and DNMT1. Lastly, the rescue assay was used to assess whether NUP37 regulated the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells via DNMT1.
Results
Bioinformatic analysis revealed that NUP37 and DNMT1 were overexpressed in glioma and closely correlated with clinical features, such as prognosis and WHO grades of glioma. The expression of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma tissues was significantly higher than in normal brain tissue respectively. NUP37 depletion could suppress the proliferation and invasion of U87 and U251 glioma cells, induce apoptosis, and cause cell cycle arrest. Co-IP experiments indicated that NUP37 could bind DNMT1. Transcriptome sequencing combined with proteomic sequencing showed a decrease in the expression of certain genes, proteins (including DNMT1), and some signaling pathways following NUP37 depletion in glioma cells. Western blotting analysis indicated a decrease in the expression of DNMT1 at the protein level upon NUP37 depletion. The recovery experiment demonstrated that DNMT1 overexpression could restore the proliferation and invasion capacity of glioma cells and reduce the apoptosis rate of these cells.
Conclusion
These findings suggested that high expression of NUP37 regulated the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by binding DNMT1.
Risk factors for developing hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yin Mengting , Nie Xin , Liu Qianhui , Zhou Yu , Yang Lijing , Chen Siyu , Ma Ming , Bai Lan , He Yong , Li Guixing
Published: November 2023

Background
Parathyroidectomy is recommended for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and has been proven to reduce all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Hungry bone syndrome is a common complication of parathyroidectomy. Therefore, identifying the preoperative risk factor for hungry bone syndrome is meaningful. In this study, we aimed to determine possible risk factors and their thresholds for hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Methods
Participants with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were finally enrolled in this study. Hungry bone syndrome is defined as immediate postoperative hypocalcemia (calcium ≤ 2.1 mmol/L) and/or prolonged hypocalcemia (> 4 days) after parathyroidectomy. Clinical information and preoperative and postoperative laboratory data were collected.
Results
In all, 92 participants with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were finally enrolled in this study. Among them, 61 patients (66.3%) experienced hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy with a mean age of 44.3 years. Patients who experienced hungry bone syndrome had a higher preoperative parathyroid hormone value (263 (221, 329) vs. 139 (91, 187); P = 0.000) and phosphate value (2.42 ± 0.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.61; P = 0.003) but a lower preoperative calcium level (2.41 ± 0.18 vs. 2.59 ± 0.20, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, patients with hungry bone syndrome were younger (44.3 years vs 51.9 years, P = 0.003). From the ROC curve, parathyroid hormone had the highest AUC = 0.868 (95% CI, 0.781–0.930) and sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.803 (0.682–0.894) and 0.903 (0.742–0.980), respectively, at a threshold of 215.9 pmol/L.
Conclusions
Secondary hyperparathyroidism patients with higher preoperative parathyroid hormone and phosphate levels and lower calcium levels were more likely to develop hungry bone syndrome.
Organic solvent-free Benznidazole nanosuspension as an approach to a novel pediatric formulation for Chagas disease
Authors: Magi María Sol , Lopez-Vidal Lucía , Marin Constanza , Maletto Belkys , Palma Santiago Daniel , Real Juan Pablo , Jimenez-Kairuz Alvaro Federico
Published: November 2023

Benznidazole —a class II/IV as per the Biopharmaceutics Classification System—is the drug of choice for treating Chagas disease; however, its low aqueous solubility is a limiting factor that reduces its dissolution rate in a conventional available dosage form, resulting in erratic bioavailability and high interindividual variability. Formulation as nanosuspension is an attractive and promising approach to solve these problems. Thus, a nanosuspension was designed and prepared by bead-assisted nano-milling followed by freeze-drying to obtain nanocrystals, which were exhaustively characterized in the solid state. The nanosuspension was obtained by a simple and robust method, with an average particle size of 459.1 ± 9.0 nm and polydispersity index of 0.23 ± 0.01. It exhibited high electrokinetic potential (-27.8 ± 0.6) mV·cm-2 and was physically stable for at least 90 days, both under refrigerated and room conditions. Nanocrystals disperse rapidly in water, and their aqueous solubility is 10-times higher than the intrinsic value. The doses of benznidazole from nanosuspensions dissolved rapidly and completely (<15 min) compared to the conventional drug. In conclusion, the formulation of benznidazole as nanosuspension is an alternative that overcomes the unfavorable properties of the drug and presents posological versatility to optimize current pharmacotherapy, mainly in pediatric patients.
Annual Trends of Ophthalmic Surgeries in Japan’s Super-aged Society, 2014– 2020: A National Claims Database Study
Authors: Wada Saori , Miyake Masahiro , Hata Masayuki , Kido Ai , Kamei Takuro , Akada Masahiro , Hiragi Shusuke , Tamura Hiroshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to analyze the trends and factors influencing the number of ophthalmic surgeries in Japan using the open data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We calculated the number of cataract, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal surgeries, categorized by sex, age, and surgical type, for the fiscal years (FY) 2014 to 2020. The number of cataract surgeries remained stable at approximately 1.45 million cases from FY 2014 to 2018, increased to nearly 1.6 million cases in FY 2019, and decreased to 1.45 million cases in FY 2020. Among glaucoma surgeries, surgical treatments were increased 1.8 times over 7 years, from 33,000 to 60,000 cases. Laser treatment remained steady at around 55,000 cases from FY 2014 to 2017 and then increased to approximately 60,000 cases. The number of vitreoretinal surgeries was increased 1.2 times from FY 2014 to 2019, from 120,000 to 140,000, and decreased to 130,000 by FY 2020. Trends in ophthalmic surgeries over the past 7 years may be influenced by population aging, minimally invasive surgery, and the coronavirus disease pandemic. These findings have implications on surgical decision-making and resource allocation.
Prioritizing nematode species likely to be introduced and threaten agriculture, biodiversity, and forestry in Zambia: A Horizon Scanning Approach
Authors: Mulema Joseph Mary Kusasira , Phiri Sydney , Bbebe Nchimunya , Chandipo Rodwell , Chijikwa Mutibo , Chimutingisa Hildah , Kachapulula Paul , Mwanda Francisca Kankuma , Matimelo Mathews , Mazimba-Sikazwe Emma , Mfune Sydney , Mkulama Mtawa , Moonga Miyanda , Mphande Wiza , Mufwaya Millens , Mulenga Rabson , Mweemba Brenda , Mabote Damien Ndalamei , Nkunika Phillip OY , Nthenga Isaiah , Tembo Mathias , Chowa Judith , Odunga Stacey , Opisa Selpha , Kasoma Chapwa , Charles Lucinda Charles Lucinda , Makale Fernadis , Rwomushana Ivan Rwomushana Ivan , Phiri Noah Anthony
Published: November 2023

Introduction of invasive alien species through intentional or unintentional human mediated activities has caused enormous loss of income to economies, affected livelihoods and degraded biodiversity. This has necessitated forward planning through horizon scanning coupled with risk assessment to identify, prioritise, and prevent introduction of alien species that may become invasive (quarantine pests). CABI has developed the Horizon Scanning Tool that utilises information in the CABI compendia to identify pests not yet reported as present in the area at risk. When applied to Zambia, the tool identified 199 candidate nematode species not reported as present in Zambia. The list was refined to focus on species affecting Zambia’s important value chains resulting in a final subset of 130 species that were assessed using agreed guidelines. The possible highest and lowest overall risk scores expected were 250 and 2 respectively however, the highest recorded was 140 for Pratylenchus penetrans, P. thornei, and Rotylenchulus reniformis and the lowest 3, for Peltamigratus luci. A minimum overall risk score of 54 suggested as the cut-off was attained by a proportion of 45% (n = 58) species. The majority (54%, n = 70) of the nematode species were likely to be introduced via the contaminant or stowaway pathways while 41% (n = 53) and 5% (n = 7) solely as contaminants and stowaways respectively. Twenty-one (16%) of the nematode species vectored pathogenic organisms, one bacterium (Rathayibacter toxicus) and 11 viruses. Among the viruses vectored, five recorded overall risk scores above 54 and included Tomato ringspot virus (105), Tobacco rattle virus (90), Pea early-browning virus (72), Tomato black ring virus (70), and Arabis mosaic virus (60). One of the viruses, Tobacco ringspot virus was not assessed because it was already reported as present in Zambia. The information from this assessment will guide a number of interventions aimed at preventing the introduction of nematode species that may become invasive or prevent the spread of already introduced species.
Aminopeptidase O Protein Mediates the association between Lachnospiraceae and Appendicular Lean Mass
Authors: Gao Bingjun , Zhou Zhonghua , Chen Junfei , Zhang Shengling , Jin Shaobin , Yang Weiwei , Lei Yinghan , Wang Kunyao , Li Jinxu , Zhuang Yan
Published: November 2023

Objective: Investigating the causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and identifying and quantifying the role of Aminopeptidase O Protein (AOPEP) as a potential mediator.
Methods: The summary statistics data of gut microbiota composition from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen Consortium(n=13,266). Appendicular lean mass data were obtained from the UK-Biobank (n=450,243). We conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and ALM. Additionally, we employed a drug-targeted MR approach to assess the causal relationship between AOPEP and ALM. Finally, a two-step MR was employed to quantitatively estimate the proportion of the effect of Lachnospiraceae on ALM that is mediated by AOPEP. Cochran's Q statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity among instrumental variable estimates.
Results: In the MR analysis, it was found that an increase in genetically predicted Lachnospiraceae(OR=1.031, 95% CI [1.011-1.051], p=0.002) is associated with an increase in ALM. There is no strong evidence to suggest that genetically predicted ALM has an impact on Lachnospiraceae genus (OR=1.437, 95% CI [0.785-2.269], p=0.239). The proportion of genetically predicted Lachnospiraceae mediated by AOPEP was 34.2% (95%CI 1.3%−67.1%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has established a causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and ALM, with a small portion of the effect being mediated by AOPEP. However, much of the impact of Lachnospiraceae on ALM remains unclear. Further research is needed to explore other potential mediators and risk factors. In clinical practice, individuals with reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae in their gut microbiota should receive increased attention with regard to appendicular lean mass.
Natural Substances to Protect Potatoes Against Potato Blight (Phytophthora Infestans)
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Holejšovský Jiří , Řehoř Jan , Vostřel Jan , Brant Vaclav , Poděbradská Markéta , Frankova Adela
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, increasing political and societal pressure to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides has become a topical issue for farmers and producers worldwide. There is a growing demand for the development of alternative plant protection products (PPP) that will be less harmful to the environment and humans. Plant biologically active substances represent one of the alternatives. Unfortunately, their registration as PPP and subsequent introduction to the market is quite difficult. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four natural substances (Alginure – seaweed extract, Wetcit – orange essential oil, thyme essential oil, and a hop extract) against Phytophthora infestans under field conditions. Specifically, their effect on plant health status, relative chlorophyll content, and yield parameters was determined. The research was carried out on two locations between 2019 and 2021. The efficiency of selected natural plant protection substances (in concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1%) was comparable to that of conventional fungicides. Their application reduced traditional fungicides by 14 to 64%, depending on the locality. Moreover, the potato plants treated with the natural substances showed a higher overall and marketable tuber yield.
A single-domain antibody for the detection of pathological Tau protein in the early stages of oligomerization
Authors: de Leiris Nicolas , PERRET Pascale , LOMBARDI Charlotte , GOZEL Bülent , CHIERICI Sabine , MILLET Philippe , DEBIOSSAT Marlène , BACOT Sandrine , CHAMES Patrick , LENORMAND Jean-Luc , GHEZZI Catherine , FAGRET Daniel , MOULIN Marcelle
Published: November 2023

Background
Soluble oligomeric forms of Tau protein have emerged as crucial players in the propagation of Tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objective is to introduce a single-domain antibody (sdAb) named 2C5 as a novel radiotracer for the efficient detection and longitudinal monitoring of oligomeric Tau species in the human brain.
Methods
The development and production of 2C5 involved llama immunization with the largest human Tau isoform oligomers of different maturation states. Subsequently, 2C5 underwent comprehensive in vitro characterization for affinity and specificity via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and immunohistochemistry on human brain slices. Technetium-99m was employed to radiolabel 2C5, followed by its administration to healthy mice for biodistribution analysis.
Results
2C5 exhibited robust binding affinity towards Tau oligomers (Kd = 6.280 nM ± 0.557) and to Tau fibers (Kd = 5.024 nM ± 0.453), with relatively weaker binding observed for native Tau protein (Kd = 1791 nM ± 8.714) and amyloid peptide (Kd > 10000 nM). Remarkably, this SdAb facilitated immuno-histological labeling of pathological forms of Tau in neurons and neuritic plaques, yielding a high-contrast outcome in AD patients, closely mirroring the performance of reference antibodies AT8 and T22. Furthermore, 2C5 SdAb was successfully radiolabeled with 99mTc, preserving stability for up to 6 hours post-radiolabeling (radiochemical purity > 93%). However, following intravenous injection into healthy mice, the predominant uptake occurred in kidneys, amounting to 115.32 ± 3.67, 97.70 ± 43.14 and 168.20 ± 34.52% of injected dose per gram (% ID/g) at 5, 10 and 45 minutes respectively. Conversely, brain uptake remained minimal at all measured time points, registering at 0.17 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.02 ± 0.01% ID/g at 5, 10 and 45 min post-injection respectively.
Conclusion
2C5 demonstrates excellent affinity and specificity for pathological Tau oligomers, particularly in their early stages of oligomerization. However, the current limitation of insufficient blood-brain barrier penetration necessitates further modifications before considering its application in nuclear medicine imaging for humans.
The Added Value of Low-Dose CT to SPECT V/Q Scan in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Mohamed Yahya Ali , Ahmed Tawakol , El_Sayed Yasser Ahmed , Taymour Takeya A. , Badawy Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the known V/Q images that carried out as traditional planar scintigraphy using Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (modified PIOPED II) interpretation criteria to the potential benefit and diagnostic ability of combining Low Dose-CT to perfusion SPECT, without contrast agent administration, for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE).
Material and methods
Eighty-one patients presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism. In all 81 cases, planar perfusion lung scans with SPECT/CT were conducted, whereas complementing planar ventilation was performed in 27 cases. SPECT/CT findings in all cases made the diagnosis based on the segmental and sub-segmental perfusion defects regarding the 2009 EANM guideline for PE diagnosis. V/Q scans were compared to SPECT/CT findings for 27 patients according to Modified PIOPED II.
Results
Among the normal perfusion cases with no defect by planar scan, 48 patients (59.3%) still entirely normal on SPECT. SPECT add small segmental defects in 16 patients (19.8%), 2 patients of them converted from low to high probability for PE. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of defects discovered throughout the whole research group when compared to planar scan indicates that SPECT has added value in defect detection. In the diagnosis of PE, lung perfusion scintigraphy paired with CT conducted by hybrid SPECT/CT gamma cameras offers a good diagnostic effectiveness. SPECT/CT was shown to be more accurate than planar scintigraphy, with a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 85.7%, and accuracy of 92.6%.
Conclusions
Including low-dose CT in lung perfusion SPECT demonstrated increased diagnostic utility of perfusion scan with enhanced negative predictive value to rule out PE. The use of low-dose CT improves the test's diagnostic yield by providing information on other diseases that explain the presenting symptoms. Specificity is increased, allowing a single imaging technique to detect PE with high accuracy while also ruling out other possible causes of chest discomfort and SOB.
Associations among albumin-bilirubin grade, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and exercise
Authors: Xu jinglun , Wang Zhe , Meng Zi-Hui
Published: November 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is suggested as an alternative terminology to the previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite its introduction, the relationships between MAFLD, non-MAFLD, and the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, an indicator of liver dysfunction, are yet to be thoroughly understood. This research delves into these relationships and strives to pinpoint factors that might contribute to a favorable prognosis. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, this investigation examined data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, focusing on American adults aged 20 and above. The findings revealed a notably elevated incidence of liver dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with MAFLD. This elevated risk was particularly pronounced in females under the age of 65. Delving deeper with a multivariate logistic regression approach, it was discerned that high levels of physical activity inversely correlated with hepatic dysfunction, especially in MAFLD patients without cirrhosis manifestation. The conclusions drawn from this research underscore that MAFLD-diagnosed patients face a more daunting hepatic outlook compared to their non-MAFLD counterparts and healthy controls. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of regular physical activity in forestalling hepatic dysfunction in non-cirrhotic MAFLD patients stands affirmed.
Appropriate fluoroscopic angle intraoperation of C-arm X-ray for each curved surface of femoral neck wall: a cadaveric study
Authors: Zhu QiuLiang , Yu Xiang-ping , Ma Jun , Lin Fang , Chen Yun-yun , Ruan Wen-bin
Published: November 2023

Objective
To detect the appropriate fluoroscopic angle of intraoperative C-arm X-ray based on precise femoral neck anatomy.
Methods
The femoral neck was divided into the anterior, posterosuperior and posteroinferior surfaces. These surfaces and the coronal plane of the femur formed anterior surface coronal angle (ACA), posterosuperior surface coronal angle (PSCA) and posteroinferior surface coronal angle (PICA), respectively. The three angles of 32 dried femoral specimens were measured. The femoral neck wall attached with steel wire wind aluminum foil model and three Kirschner wires perforating femoral neck wall model were prepared. The C-arm was rotated every 5° to complete the 0° -180 ° fluoroscopy of each curved surface. 111 frames of images were obtained for each femoral specimen. The appropriate fluoroscopic angle of each surface was obtained, and the fluoroscopic images characteristics of Kirschner wire penetrating the femoral neck cortex on three appropriate fluoroscopic angles and the anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy were observed.
Results
The femoral neck is irregularly cylindrical with the anterior surface is longer than the posteroinferior surface, and the posterosuperior surface is the shortest. The measurement data of ACA, PSCA and PICA were (31±4.589)°, (67.813±5.052)° and (168.688±3.206)°, respectively. The appropriate fluoroscopic angle of the anterior, posterosuperior and posteroinferior surface of the steel wire aluminum foil model were (30.781±5.464)°, (67.969±3.721)°, (167.813±4.319)°, respectively. And there was no significant difference with the measurement data of the corresponding surface coronal angles, P > 0.05. The model of wire penetrating the femoral neck wall showed that the Kirschner wire penetrating the femoral neck could not be fully exposed in the traditional anteroposterior and lateral view films. Increasing the appropriate fluoroscopic angle of 30°, 70° and 170° could clearly find the Kirschner wire penetrating the cortex.
Conclusion
Traditional anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy cannot accurately show the true structure of femoral neck. Additional 30°, 70° and 170° fluoroscopy can accurately observe the fracture reduction quality of the anterior surface, posterosuperior surface and posteroinferior surface of the femoral neck and the damage to the corresponding cortical bone caused by internal fixation.
Level of evidence: level II
POEMS syndrome: A retrospective study of clinical characteristics - 11 patients single center experience
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xue Han Yue , Zhang Wei , Hao Xin-Zhong , Wang Hong-Kun , Chen Shao-Wei , Zheng Yuan-Jun , Ma Yan-Ping , Wei Fang
Published: November 2023

Background
POEMS syndrome is an extremely rare hematologic malignancy. This study describes the baseline and clinical characteristics of 11 patients with POEMS syndrome to provide a deep insight into the disease and explore efficient methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Method
From October 2020 to January 2023, a retrospective observational study was conducted on 11 patients with POEMS syndrome diagnosed in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Clinical and diagnostic data were collected from the electronic medical records of these patients.
Results
We enrolled 11 patients in this study (81.8% male, 18.2% female, median age 57 years). The median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5 months. All patients had a peripheral neuropathy. The electromyogram of patients (81.8%) indicated both myelin and axonal injury. Lymphadenopathy (73%), splenomegaly (64%), and the hepatomegaly (9%) were detected on examination. Thyroidal (72.7%), gonadal (22.2%), and adrenal gland (62.5%) malfunctioning were the most frequent types of endocrinopathy. 72.7% of patients had normal serum immunoglobulin and the levels of M protein were relatively low. The type of M protein in these patients consisted of IgA-λ (45.5%), IgG-λ (36.4%), and λ light (9.1%) chains. All patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and the detection rate of bone lesions was higher than other studies from China (36% vs. 27%). In addition, dyslipidemia was significant and 45.5% of patients had reduced total cholesterol levels.
Conclusions
POEMS syndrome is a rare plasma cell neoplasms with low tumor burden, insidious onset, and diverse and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and free light chain (FLC) assays are essential for detecting of M protein and diagnosing the of this disease. Bone SPECT/CT can be helpful in detecting bone lesions. Our finding indicated that patients with POEMS syndrome have hypocholesterolemia, which may be a novel biomarker for assessing the disease progression and prognosis.
Implementation of PWM Control for Static Converters Used in Photovoltaic Solar Systems
Authors: Mohamed Chafa , Kamel Messaoudi , louze lamri
Published: November 2023

The use of static converters in photovoltaic solar systems is necessary for energy conversion. In this paper, we have implemented PWM control for a Buck Boost Converter and an inverter used in an MPPT-controlled PV panel, the technique was implemented using the Xilinx System Generator tool, The PWM control of the Buck Boost Converter allows obtaining a DC voltage that powers the inverter. The inverter with its PWM control generates an alternating voltage that can be connected to an RL load with acceptable synthesis results.
Burnout and its associated factors among medical laboratory professionals in public hospitals of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Atlabachew Daniel , Asaye Sintayehu , Alemu Yared , Bekele Shiferaw
Published: November 2023

Burnout is a work-related mental and physical syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to emotional and interpersonal stressors. Despite widespread burnout and a paucity of studies examining the precise patterns of burnout in this field, Medical Laboratory Professionals may be impacted by extended exposure to extreme stress. The study aimed to assess the magnitude of burnout and associated factors among Medical Laboratory Professionals in public hospitals of Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia, from May 1 - June 1, 2022. Methods and Material: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted, on 153 study participants. Data was collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and then verified, encoded, entered with EPI INFO Version 7, and analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0. Results: A total of 153 people participated in this study. The average age was under 29 years, at 89 (58%), with a standard deviation of (29.95 ± 4.2). 36 respondents, or 30.1%, said they were highly burned out. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between burnout and daily cigarette use [(AOR = 1.74, 95% CI (0.94 to 3.91)], drug abuse [(AOR = 0.083, 95% CI (0.034–0.247)], insufficient sleep [(AOR = 0.237, 95% CI (0.098–0.643)], and lack of a family relationship [(AOR = 4.73, 95% CI (1.82–7.324)]. Conclusion and recommendations: Drinking alcohol, abuse of drugs, smoking cigarettes for several days, lack of adequate sleep, and not having a family relationship were significant predictor variables for burnout in Medical Laboratory Professionals. The results support the development of interventions to enhance mental health and additional research.
Design and implementation of a seismic Newtonian-noise cancellation system for the Virgo gravitational-wave detector
Authors: Koley Soumen , Harms Jan , Badaracco Francesca , Masserot Alain , Singha Ayatri , Bertolini Alessandro , Paoli Andrea , Allocca Annalisa , Idzkowski Bartosz , Mours Benoît , Calloni Enrico , Paoletti Federico , Fiori Irene , Rolland Loïc , Rei Luca , Errico Luciano , Suchinski Maciej , Cieslar Marek , Tringali Maria Concetta , Esposito Marina , Suchenek Mariusz , Pietrzak Mateusz , Ruggi Paolo , De Rosa Rosario , Hild Stefan , Bulik Tomasz
Published: November 2023

Terrestrial gravity perturbations caused by seismic fields produce the so-called Newtonian noise in gravitational-wave detectors, which is predicted to limit their sensitivity in the upcoming observing runs. In the past, this noise was seen as an infrastructural limitation, i.e., something that cannot be overcome without major investments to improve a detector's infrastructure. However, it is possible to have at least an indirect estimate of this noise by using the data from a large number of seismometers deployed around a detector's suspended test masses. The noise estimate can be subtracted from the gravitational-wave data; a process called Newtonian-noise cancellation (NNC). In this article, we present the design and implementation of the first NNC system at the Virgo detector as part of its AdV+ upgrade. It uses data from 110 vertical geophones deployed inside the Virgo buildings in optimized array configurations. We use a separate tiltmeter channel to test the pipeline in a proof-of-principle. The system has been running with good performance over months.
Analysis and Research on Natural Radioactivity Level of Groundwater in Gonghe Basin
Authors: Zhaoxuan NIU , Zhihui Deng , Guilin Zhu , Xue Niu , Qingda Feng , Linyou Zhang , Wenhao Xu
Published: November 2023

Groundwater is a crucial resource for human activities, and it is vital to establish criteria for radioactivity in its water quality parameters to ensure sustainable use and protect the health of the surrounding population. In line with the sanitary standards for drinking water and comprehensive discharge standards for sewage, we conducted tests on 12 water samples collected from the densely populated area of the eastern Gonghe Basin. The detected parameters included the activity levels of U, Th, 226Ra, 40K, and gross-α and gross-β. The groundwater in this area exhibited a gross-α activity concentration ranging from 0.06 to 1.19Bq/L, with an average value of 0.32Bq/L. The gross-β activity concentration ranged from 0.06 to 1.26Bq/L, with an average of 0.27Bq/L. Notably, the QNH and ZCS water samples were obtained from high-temperature hot springs, and the concentration of gross radioactive α activity exceeded both the Class III water radioactivity index of the Groundwater Quality Standard and the limit specified by the drinking water Sanitation Standard. Additionally, the 230Th, 226Ra, 210Po, and 232Th mononuclide α radioactivity in these two groups of water samples surpassed the personal radiation dose limit for drinking water. The radioactivity content of other water samples was low on the whole, which met the relevant standards. However, the internal exposure dose of 210Po, caused by natural alpha radionuclides XTM-1, STM-1, STM-2, and GH-02, slightly exceeded the limit. The estimated internal exposure dose due to natural beta radionuclides in the water samples taken in this study did not exceed the World Health Organization standard for personal radiation dose in drinking water by 0.1mSv/a. This study enhances our understanding of the distribution and causes of groundwater radioactive concentration in the Gonghe Basin. It also has significant implications for the prevention and control of radioactive water pollution and associated health risks.
Degradation of Rhodamine dye using a fluctuating flow type photocatalytic reactor byexternal oxidants
Authors: Bagal Manisha , Mane Vijay , Ambulkar Harhsal , Gawande Bhumika , Naniwadekar Makarand , Bawankar Kanchan , Dange Parmanand , mohod ashish
Published: November 2023

A fluctuating flow type photocatalytic reactor was used to investigate the degradation of Rhodamine B on a large scale. The effect of initial dye concentration and operating solution pH on the degree of Rhodamine B degradation has been studied. The Rh B dye degradation is larger at a lower solution pH (pH 2) than at a higher pH and at a lower initial (20 ppm) dye concentration. The degradation of rhodamine B in the presence of process-intensifying additives like hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reagent was found to be greater than that reported in the presence of photocatalysts TiO2, ZnO, and CaO. The amount of degradation was reported to be 83.3% at optimum loading of TiO2 (1 g/L), while it was 76.2% at 1.5 g/L ZnO and 65.9% at 1.5 g/L CaO. Titanium dioxide is the most effective photocatalyst among all of the photocatalysts used in this investigation. Among all processes investigated in this study, the combined UV/Fenton process had the highest degradation of 94.8% and the highest COD removal of 68.4%. TiO2 (58.3%) eliminated the most COD during the fluctuating photocatalytic reactor flow, followed by ZnO and CaO. Overall, combined UV/Fenton operation demonstrated the maximum efficacy when utilizing a zig zag flow photocatalytic reactor.
The Application Value of Deep Learning-Based Nomograms in Benign-Malignant Discrimination of TI-RADS Category 4 Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Jia Cheng , Sun Meng , Ma Zhe
Published: November 2023

This study employed deep learning techniques to accurately classify TI-RADS category 4 thyroid nodules as either benign or malignant, and developed a nomogram that incorporated relevant clinical factors. A total of 500 patients were included and randomly divided into a training group (350 patients) and a test group (150 patients). The YOLOv3 model was constructed and evaluated using various metrics, achieving an 84% accuracy in classifying TI-RADS category 4 thyroid nodules. Based on the model's predictions, clinical data, and ultrasound data, a nomogram was developed. The nomogram exhibited superior performance in both the training and testing groups. Additionally, the calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual outcomes. Decision curve analysis further confirmed that the nomogram provided greater net benefits. Ultimately, the YOLOv3 model and nomogram successfully improved the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant TI-RADS category 4 thyroid nodules.
Staged Encoder Training for Cross-Camera Person Re-Identification
Authors: Xu zhi , Yang Jiawei , Liu Yuxuan , Zhao Longyang , Liu Jiajia
Published: November 2023

As a cross-camera retrieval problem, person Re-identification (ReID) suffers from image style variations casued by camera parameters, lighting and other reasons, whic-h will seriously affect the model recognition accuracy. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-stage contrastive learning method to gradually reduce the impact of camera variations. In the first stage, we train an encoder for each camera using only images from the respective camera. This ensures that each encoder has better recognition performance on images from its respective camera while being unaffected by camera variations. In the second stage, we encode the same image using all trained encoders to generate a new combination code that is robust against camera variations. We also use Cross-Camera Encouragement distance that complements the advantages of combined encoding to further mitigate the impact of camera variations. Our method achieves high accuracy on several commonly used person ReID datasets, e.g., achieces 90.8% rank-1 accuracy and 85.2% mAP on the Market1501, outperforming the recent unsupervised works by 12+%. Code is available at https://github.com/yjwyuanwu/SET.