bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How effective are governmental and university campaigns for increasing meningitis vaccine uptake?
Authors: Ramjee Ayushi , Ogilvie Chloe , Couto Africa , Matini Teresa , Anaele Claudia , Bujkiewicz Sylwia , Oldfield Neil J , Turner David PJ , Bayliss Christopher David
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesUniversity student cohorts have a potential for significant impacts on public health policies. Health impacts arise from wide geographic catchment areas and behavioural patterns that enhance infectious disease spread and occasional cases of meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia, measles and mumps. Universities and the Department of Health and Social Care have tackled these serious problems through advertising campaigns and by offering free MenACWY and MMR vaccines to university students. Our study aimed to assess the engagement of universities with these vaccine campaigns and student awareness of this information. Study DesignInformation was accrued by a combination of e-mail and telephone interactions with welfare officers at universities. Student perceptions of meningitis vaccine campaigns were studied through use of questionnaires with University of Leicester students. ResultsInformation provided by 17 universities indicated that all universities run meningitis awareness campaigns whereas on campus meningitis campaigns were infrequent and of variable penetration into student cohorts. Assessment of 272 students from a 2019-2020 cohort found that 17.5% and 58% of students did not know or had not had the MMR and MenACWY vaccines. Only 37% of students were aware that these vaccines were free and available from a university-linked GP practice with lack of this knowledge being significantly associated with uncertainty or perceived absence of immunisation. This latter group were significantly associated with a preference for on campus immunisation. DiscussionThis information is important for understanding how to target a critical cohort with effective campaigns for uptake of meningitis, MMR and COVID-19 vaccines.
Using Browser Data to Understand Desires to Spend Time Online
Authors: Mc Crosky Jesse Daniel , Parry Douglas A. , Sewall Craig Jeffrey Robb , Orben Amy
Published: December 2021

There is growing recognition that many people feel the need to regulate their use of the internet and other digital technologies to support their wellbeing. In this study, we used Mozilla Firefox browser telemetry to investigate the role played by various usage factors in desires to regulate time spent online. In Particular, we investigated how six metrics pertaining to time spent on the internet, and the diversity and intensity of use, predict participants’ (n = 8,094) desires to spend more or less time online. Across all six metrics, we did not find evidence for a relationship between browser usage metrics and participants wanting to spend more or less time online, and this finding was robust across various analytical pathways. The study highlights a number of considerations and concerns that need to be addressed in future industry-academia collaborations that draw on trace data or usage telemetry.
Brief Mindfulness Instruction Predicts Anonymous Prosocial Helping of an Ostracized Racial Outgroup Member
Authors: Berry Daniel R. , Wall Catherine , Cairo Athena Hensel , Plonski Paul E. , Boman Larry , Rodriguez Katie , Brown Kirk Warren
Published: December 2021

Two experiments tested whether brief instruction in mindfulness increased helping behavior toward an ostracized racial outgroup member by enhancing empathic concern. In Study 1, brief mindfulness instruction, relative to active and inactive control conditions, increased helping behavior toward an ostracized racial outgroup member in a private (but not in a public) context. In Study 2, which involved greater anonymity, mindfulness instruction increased both private and public helping behavior toward an ostracized racial outgroup member relative to the two control conditions. Importantly, measured empathic concern accounted for a portion of the variance in the causal relation between mindfulness and interracial helping behavior in Study 2. Together these studies suggest that brief mindfulness training increases interracial prosocial responsiveness in a digitally mediated context, particularly when personal anonymity was greater.
The Integration of Tactile and Visual Cues Increases Golf Putting Error in a Mixed-Reality Paradigm.
Authors: Naylor Caitlin Elisabeth , Harris David , Vine Samuel James , Brookes Jack , Mushtaq Faisal , Buckingham Gavin
Published: December 2021

The integration of visual and tactile cues can enhance perception. However, the nature of this integration, and the subsequent benefits on perception and action execution, are context-dependent. Here, we examined how visual-tactile integration can influence performance on a complex motor task using virtual reality. We asked participants to wear a VR head-mounted display while using a tracked physical putter to make golf putts on a VR golf course in two conditions. In the ‘tactile’ condition, putter contact with the virtual golf ball coincided with physical contact with a physical ball. In a second ‘no tactile’ condition, no physical ball was present, such that only the virtual ball contacted the putter. In contrast to our pre-registered prediction that performance would benefit from the integration of visual and tactile cues, we found golf putting accuracy was higher in the no tactile condition compared to the tactile condition. Participants exhibited higher lateral error variance and over/undershooting when the physical ball was present. These differences in performance between the conditions suggest that tactile cues, when available, were integrated with visual cues. Second, this integration is not necessarily beneficial to performance. We suggest that the decreased performance caused by the addition of a physical ball may have been due to minor incongruencies between the virtual visual cues and the physical tactile cues. We discuss the implications of these results on the use of VR sports training and highlight that the absence of matched tactile cues in VR can result in sub-optimal learning and performance.
Neural underpinning of Japanese particle processing in non-native speakers
Authors: Kasai Chise , Sumiya Motofumi , Koike Takahiko , Yoshimoto Takaaki , Maki Hideki , Sadato Norihiro
Published: December 2021

Grammar acquisition by non-native learners (L2) is typically less successful and may produce fundamentally different grammatical systems than that by native speakers (L1). The neural representation of grammatical processing between L1 and L2 speakers remains controversial. We hypothesized that working memory is the primary source of L1/L2 differences, and operationalized working memory is an active inference within the predictive coding account, which models grammatical processes as higher-level neuronal representations of cortical hierarchies, generating predictions (forward model) of lower-level representations. A functional MRI study was conducted with L1 Japanese speakers and highly proficient Japanese learners requiring oral production of grammatically correct Japanese particles. Selecting proper particles requires forward model-dependent active inference as their functions are highly context-dependent. As a control, participants read out a visually designated mora indicated by underlining. Particle selection by L1/L2 groups commonly activated the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus/insula, pre-supplementary motor area, left caudate, middle temporal gyrus, and right cerebellum, which constituted the core linguistic production system. In contrast, the left inferior frontal sulcus, known as the neural substrate of verbal working memory, showed more prominent activation in L2 than in L1. Thus, the active inference process causes L1/L2 differences even in highly proficient L2 learners.
Injuries related to respiratory masks in the US
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: December 2021

Background. Protective facemasks are important for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and almost all Americans have worn them at least some of the time during the pandemic. There are reasonable concerns about some ill effects of mask-wearing, especially for people who wear masks for extended periods, and for the risk of falling as a result of visual obstruction. But there are also unsupported fears and objections stemming from misinformation and fueled by political disputes. Methods. The study analyzed the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for 2020, using the product code for Respiratory Protection Devices, and calculated population incidence rates using Census data. Results. The NEISS included 128 cases, representing an estimated 5122 reported injuries in the population (95% CI 3322, 6922). The overall rate of injury reports was 1.54 per 100,000 U.S. residents (95% CI 1.00, 2.08). People over age 75 had higher rates than the population overall, with 5.27 injuries per 100,000 (95% CI 2.17, 8.37). The most common type of incidents involved facial injuries, rashes, falls, and those that might be considered anxiety-related. Conclusion. Wearing protective face masks is extremely safe, especially in comparison with other common household products, and in light of their protective benefits with regard to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This information may be useful for public health messaging, and for practitioners trying to increase compliance with mask-wearing guidance.
Factors Associated with Discontinuing Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Infants Aged 0-6 Months
Authors: Dhakal Binita , Thapa Pratima
Published: December 2021

IntroductionKnowing breastfeeding is one of the easiest and cost-effective ways to maintain a good childhealth, majority infants are not exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months of age.Thus, the aim of the study was to find out the factors associated with discontinuing exclusivebreastfeeding (EBF) among mothers of infants’ aged 0-6 months.
MethodsA analytical study design was used to find out the factors associated with discontinuing EBFamong mothers of infants’ aged 0-6 months in Nepal. A total of 380 mothers of infants whosechild were 0-6 months old were selected using non-probability purposive sampling techniquethrough online survey as people are advised to stay at home during the Covid-19 outbreak. Datawas collected using structured questionnaire with interview technique.
ResultsStudy findings revealed that half (50.5%) of the mothers exclusive breastfed their infants withmother’s mean age being 27.39 ± 3.64 years. Discontinuation of EBF varied with mothers age,ethnicity, mother’s educational level, initiation of breastfeeding and sources of informationregarding EBF as newspaper/articles and relatives/friends/neighbors (p=<0.005). The factorsrelated to mother that are associated with discontinuation of EBF were found to be perceivedinsufficient milk, cesarean section delivery, jobholder mother (p= <0.001) respectively.
ConclusionsOnly half of respondents exclusively breastfed their infants for the recommended age in whichonly factors related to mother were significant with discontinuation of EBF rather than infants’.Findings of the study emphasizes on counselling the mothers regarding the benefits of EBF toboth child and mother during hospital visits.
Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding; factors; under 6 months; EBF.
Interaction of Two-phase Debris Flow with Lateral Converging Shear Walls
Authors: Kattel Parameshwari , Tuladhar Bhadra Man
Published: December 2021

Landslides, debris avalanches and debris flows are common mass wasting phenomena in mountain slopes. Debris flows can increase their volume and destructive potential by scouring undermining banks, thereby bringing morphological changes. Construction of lateral shear walls as embankments is a way of mitigation. In natural debris flows, solid and fluid evolve dynamically differently and show different inter-action with obstacles. So, we employ a general two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012) consisting of a set of highly non-linear and hyperbolic-parabolic PDEs for mass and momentum balances for both downslope and cross-slope directions. Besides buoyancy, the model includes the dominant physical aspects of the flow: virtual mass force, generalized drag and non-Newtonian viscous stress. Our numerical experiments show that the solid is more obstructed than the fluid when a debris flow passes over a system of converging lateral shear walls resulting in different flow-dynamics, wall-interactions and run out morphology of the phases. Narrower the slit, more is the obstruction. Solid component is more obstructed than the fluid, resulting in a phase-separation. The obstruction is related with the contraction ratio due to the converging shear walls. These computations and the observations increase our understanding of the flow dynamics and interactions with the lateral shear walls. The results may be extended further to achieve some engineering solutions to hazard mitigation in debris-flow prone zones.
Lexicographically Maximum Flows under an Arc Interdiction
Authors: Bhandari Phanindra Prasad , Khadka Shree Ram
Published: December 2021

Network interdiction problem arises when an unwanted agent attacks the network system to deteriorate its transshipment efficiency. Literature is flourished with models and solution approaches for the problem. This paper considers a single commodity lexicographic maximum flow problem on a directed network with capacitated vertices to study two network flow problems under an arc interdiction. In the first, the objective is to find an arc on input network to be destroyed so that the residual lexicographically maximum flow is lexicographically minimum. The second problem aims to find a flow pattern resulting lexicographically maximum flow on the input network so that the total residual flow, if an arc is destroyed, is maximum. The paper proposes strongly polynomial time solution procedures for these problems.
Dva pohľady na dôležitosť tém v anorganickej chémii
Authors: Jesenák Karol
Published: December 2021

The article points out that one of the most important criteria for assessing the importance of inorganic raw materials is their mined and processed quantity. In pedagogical practice, however, this criterion is often completely ignored. This situation is exacerbated by a massive popularization of various modern synthetic materials, which have often little practical significance. The second part of the article describes a new laboratory focused on research of modern inorganic materials, which was recently established at the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Comenius University in Bratislava.
Użyteczność geowizualizacji wieloelementowych w kontekście semiotyki kartograficznej
Authors: Gołębiowska Izabela
Published: December 2021

The work presents study on coordinated and multiple views (CMV) geovisualisation tools, i.e., interactive tools consisting of several views presenting spatial data in various forms, including maps. The study covers both theoretical considerations and eye-tracking empirical study. Among other things, the author aimed to explore how inexperienced users learn and work with CMV geovisualization tools. On this basis, guidelines were formulated for CMV designers and authors of training materials supporting these tools.
From Mentalism to Optimality Theory. Notion of the Basic Phonological Segment
Authors: Konert-Panek Monika
Published: December 2021

The work discusses the notion of the basic phonological segment from the perspective of selected European and American phonological theories. The discussion consists in the analyses of specific phonological problems in accordance with the tenets of a given framework, starting with the Kazan School and ending with the Optimality Theory. The goal of this study is to show the differences in the methodology and predictions of each framework that prove significant in the process of establishing the basic phonological unit. The dissertation elaborates on the data from English, Polish, German, and Russian.
Solitary Wave Solutions for Some Fractional Evolution Equations via New Kudryashov Approach
Authors: Ege Serife Muge
Published: December 2021

In this work, we construct solitary wave solutions of a nonlinear evolution equation in the physical phenomena of waves;namely the time-fractional fifth-order Sawada-Kotera equation and the (4+1)-dimensional space-time fractional Fokas equation by Kudryashov method with a new function. As a result, new types of exact analytical solutions are obtained. Here the fractional derivative is described in beta sense.
Anastrozole Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers : Preparation and Evaluation
Authors: Hashim Alaa Abdul-Jabbar , A. Rajab Nawal
Published: December 2021

Anastrozole (ANZ) is considered constitute of the fourth –generation of Non–steroidal aromatase blockage, ANZ has use for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The serious side effects of ANZ including, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, irritability, breast tenderness and un–stability in circulation.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have recently emerged as a multifunctional platform for drug delivery in cancer therapy.

Five formula were composed of (200 mg of glyceryl monostearate, 40 mg of oleic acid , 1% (w/w) Tween 80, 1% (w/w) Poloxamer 407, 1% (w/w) soy lecithin and Vitamin E Polyethylene Glycol Succinate.

The mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity range of optimum formula F05 (166±3.86 nm), (0.271±0.04), (–23.7±2.65 mV), (42.43±3.90%) and (1.23±0.35%) respectively that prepared by same above composition but higher amplitude value (70%). The in–vitro drug leakage study demonstrated intact formula through 5 hours, with an approximately 78.37% of the drug was encapsulated, that exhibit an anomalous release mechanism.
Safranal Effect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Zalzala Munaf Hashim , S. Kareem Victoria
Published: December 2021

The liver is the primary organ for drug metabolism, elimination, Cyclophosphamid is the classical alkylating agent nitrogen mustard, its metabolism into two cytotoxic metabolites, and increase reactive oxygen species that is make liver toxicity. Safranal as the most abundant chemical in saffron essential oil, it have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptic and free radical scavenger activity. The aim of study is to assess the protective effects of safranal on the cyclophosphamide-induce liver toxicity in rat model. This occur by using five different groups of rats; control group, treatment group, cyclophosamide group (intraperitoneal i.p), cyclophosamide and (50mg and 100mg) oral safranal treatment groups. This study showed this protective by decreasing liver parameter enzyme (aminotransferase enzyme) and MDA level, increases glutathione and NRF2
Gender Differences in Adverse Drug Reactions Among Adult Patients Reported to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center
Authors: Alsaedi Areej Atheer , Kadhim Dheyaa j. , Younus Manal M.
Published: December 2021

For many years it was argued that there may be a gender differences in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This assumption was based on many possible factors such as hormonal or behavior differences, and it was not clearly identified since the female gender was not preferred to be enrolled in many clinical trials. The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent of possibly relevant gender differences in drug–ADRs regarding causality, severity, preventability, seriousness, expectedness and outcome. While the secondary aim was to assess for which group of drugs and for which ADRs gender differences are identified most often. The study was a retrospective one that depends on processing a specially selected group of data obtained from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center database. The data included consisted of 3833 individual case safety reports sent during the period from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019. It was found that the reported adverse drug reactions for females (60.84 %) were much more than males (39.16 %). In addition, significant differences in age group distribution of adverse drug reactions were found in which females in their reproductive age had more adverse drug reactions while the older adult males were more likely to suffer adverse drug reactions if compared with the same age groups from the opposite gender. The highest type of adverse drug reactions for both genders were those that fall in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (26.4 % in females) and (22.6 % in males) with statically significant difference between the two genders. While the highest group to cause adverse drug reactions was the systemic anti-infective agents with a greater chance ‘statistically significant’ in females to suffer a side effect from this group of medications (40.8 %) compared to male gender (35.5 %). The frequency of serious adverse drug reactions was significantly more prevalent in females (45.4 %) than for males (41.3 %) while the fatal outcome was significantly more observed in males (0.8 %) as compared with females (0.2 %). The expectedness analysis gave the finding that for each gender the expectedness of adverse drug reactions was nearly equal.
Antioxidant Activity of Total phenols and Flavonoids extracted from Echinops polyceras roots grown in Syria
Authors: Al-Assaf Issa , Khazem Mays
Published: December 2021

Free radicals are reactive compounds, their excessive production is considered to be an important cause of oxidative damage in biomolecules causing degenerative diseases. Polyphenols are one of the most important groups of secondary metabolites of plants, which have an antioxidant activity depending on their properties as hydrogen donors. Echinops polyceras Boiss. (Asteraceae) is one of Echinops genus species that spread in Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. Phytochemicals found in this species leaves have been extracted with gradient polarity solvents, and primary screening of the secondary metabolites was established. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents were determined. The free radicals scavenging activity was evaluated for all extracts with DPPH• in a 96-well microplate. The specificity study indicates that ascorbic acid was absent, and reducing sugars were exist in the aqueous extract. The identification tests showed the presence of polyphenols like flavonoids and coumarins. The methanolic extract of the E. polyceras leaves was the most effective scavengers of free radicals (90.22% in 30 min) with phenolic compounds content 682.5 mg GAE/g of dried extract (DE) and flavonoids content 194.5 mg QE/ g DE. The chloroform extract was the least effective as free radical scavenging (60% in 30 min) as the phenolic compounds content was 278.5 mg GAE/g DE and flavonoids content 94 mg QE/ g DE.  In conclusion, the phenolic compounds and flavonoids from Echinops polyceras Boiss. are effective in free radicals scavenging and protecting from diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Transformations of the Military Profession and Professionalism in Scandinavia
Authors: Roelsgaard Obling Anne , Victor Tillberg Lotta
Published: December 2021

What characterises the development and social transformation of the military profession in Scandinavia? Has the broadening of tasks, function and scope of the military profession lead to changes in the values, outlook and behaviour of groups of the armed forces? And what kind of changes are the cultural and structural interpenetration of civilian and military spheres, including hybrid forms of professionalism, generating and what are the significance and implications of such changes? Transformations of the Military Profession and Professionalism in Scandinavia brings together a number of expert scholars within Military Studies and related fields to provide timely and updated answers to these highly important questions – answers with potential implications far beyond the Scandinavian case.
Girth body dimensions in men and women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity
Authors: Khasawneh Ahmad Raed , Serheta I.V. , Belik N.V. , Dovhan A.O. , Zhuchenko I.I.
Published: December 2021

Today in modern medicine the study of human health is reoriented to the individual principle, which is based on the identification and study of constitutionally determined patterns of manifestation of certain diseases. The purpose of the study is to establish and analyze the features of the girth body sizes in men and women with generalized fatty form of seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity. The comprehensive body size of 40 men and 40 young women (25-44 years) with generalized fatty seborrheic dermatitis (mild and severe) was determined. The control group consisted of the girth sizes of practically healthy men (n=82) and women (n=154) of the same age group, which were selected from the database of the research center National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Statistical processing of body circumference was performed in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric evaluation methods. As a result of studies in patients with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity of men, compared with practically healthy men, found only greater values of the girth of the shoulder in a relaxed state and thighs, neck (only mild), shin in the upper part and waist (in both cases only with a severe degree), as well as smaller values of the girth of the shoulder in a tense state; and in patients of varying severity of women – greater values of the girth of the shoulder in a relaxed state, thighs, lower legs, neck, waist and all girths of the chest and both thighs (only severe), as well as smaller values of the girth of the hand (only with mild). In both men and women with seborrheic dermatitis, differences in girth body sizes are more pronounced in people with severe disease. Between men or women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity, there are no significant or trends in differences in girth body sizes. In the analysis of the manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the circumferential body size between men and women with seborrheic dermatitis found greater values in men with mild and severe disease of the upper extremities, hands, shin, feet and neck (in most cases more pronounced in representatives with mild severity), as well as only in men with mild severity – greater values of all chest girths. For a more correct understanding of changes in girth body sizes in Ukrainian men or women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity, it is necessary to analyze other constitutional parameters of the body.
Educación Parvularia en Chile: principales Políticas Públicas: 1990-2019
Authors: Escudero Jaime Caiceo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo de investigación científica persigue describir y analizar el desarrollo de la educación parvularia en los últimos treinta años en Chile para comprender si las políticas públicas han sido efectivas en cuanto a cobertura. La metodología aplicada es la histórica recurriendo a fuentes primarias y secundarias; entre las primeras se encuentran fundamentalmente las leyes y decretos promulgados o emitidos por el trabajo conjunto entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo o por la autoridad competente; entre las segundas, el resultado del rastreo bibliográfico pertinente. La conclusión ha sido descubrir una vasta política pública en favor de los infantes en el período estudiado, centrado en transformar las salas cunas y jardines infantiles en entidades verdaderamente educativas con un currículo atingente, gracias a la legislación dictada; dejan de ser simples guarderías. Sin embargo, a pesar del esfuerzo realizado solo se logró cubrir el 50% de las necesidades de cobertura, lo cual contrasta con el sistema escolar, cercano al 98%.
Iniciação Científica na Educação Básica: uma ferramenta essencial para a mobilização mental e construção de conhecimento dos estudantes
Authors: Kebach Patrícia Fernanda Carmem
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo trata de um ensaio teórico sobre o papel da Iniciação Científica, a partir de uma análise piagetiana nos processos de construção de conhecimento. Para isso, a autora realizou uma revisão sobre os conceitos de Piaget voltados para a estruturação mental progressiva, que é uma condição necessária para as aprendizagens. Os termos abstração empírica, reflexionante, pseudo-empírica e refletida, bem como a tomada de consciência são retomados e relacionados às condutas investigativas dos estudantes da Educação Básica, no momento em que buscam compreender e explicar os fenômenos estudados, através de atividades que envolvam pesquisa científica. Neste artigo, propõe-se que a Iniciação Científica é uma potente fonte de construção de conhecimento que gera autonomia, aprendizagem significativa, exercício de argumentação lógica e capacidade de sistematização investigativa precoce dos estudantes.

Palavras-chave: Iniciação Científica. Construção de Conhecimento. Educação Básica.
Análise do comportamento mecânico ao incorporar parafina em misturas EPDM/PP
Authors: Filipetto Martins Eduardo , Krause Santin Cristiane
Published: December 2021

Neste estudo, a versatilidade dos materiais elastoméricos termoplásticos vulcanizados (TPVs) foi explorada, ao combinar as características da mistura EPDM/PP, ao avaliar a influência provocada em suas propriedades mecânicas e ao inserir parafina na composição do material, visando futura atuação como material de troca de fase (PCM), por meio de análises de tempo de cura, resistência à tração e dureza Shore A. Além disso, as suas características estruturais e morfológicas foram observadas, através de análises por infravermelho e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O comportamento de inchamento complementou a análise, quanto à influência da parafina inserida no material final. A partir dos testes mecânicos, evidenciou-se
que o gradual acréscimo de parafina na composição da mistura EPDM/PP ocasionou uma pequena diminuição, tanto na tensão de ruptura do material, quanto no seu alongamento. Ainda, através da análise por MEV, observou-se uma distribuição superficial uniforme da parafina sobre o material TPV desenvolvido.

Palavras-chave: EPDM/PP. Parafina. Propriedades mecânicas.
L’infirmière en pratique avancée dans le domaine de la douleur en Belgique
Authors: Vanderheyden S. , Segers A.
Published: December 2021

En Belgique, l’Arrêté royal d’exécution concernant l’infirmière en pratique avancée (IPA) n’a pas encore été publié. Pourtant, cette fonction existe. Nous nous intéresserons à l’infirmière ressource douleur (IRD) qui, dans une fonction transversale, fait un travail d’IPA bien avant sa reconnaissance légale. Depuis 2007, le ministère de la Santé finance des projets de prise en charge de la douleur. En 2013, une équipe algologique multidisciplinaire composée d’un médecin, un/une infirmière et un psychologue a été mise en place dans chaque hôpital aigu en Belgique. Sa mission est de sensibiliser les soignants à la nécessité d’une prise en charge correcte de la douleur dans le but de prévenir l’apparition d’une chronicisation. L’IRD a dû, au fil des années, développer des compétences propres de l’IPA : le jugement clinique, l’information, l’éducation, l’accompagnement, la mobilisation des ressources du patient et de l’équipe infirmière ainsi que la recherche.
Tethered spinal cord among individuals with myelomeningocele: an analysis of the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry
Authors: Dias Mark S. , Wang Ming , Rizk Elias B. , Bowman Robin , Partington Michael D. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rocque Brandon G. , Hopson Betsy , Ettinger Daria , Lee Amy , Walker William O. , _ _
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to review the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) data set to study the rates of tethered spinal cord release (TCR) among patients with myelomeningocele and variability between centers, to compare TCR rates between males and females, and to study the relationships between TCR rates and other condition-specific characteristics.

METHODS

The NSBPR registry was queried to identify all patients with myelomeningocele. TCR rates were calculated over time using survival analyses; rates between centers and between males and females were compared. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to identify relationships between TCR rates and sex, functional lesion level, ambulation status, treated hydrocephalus, and prior Chiari decompression.

RESULTS

Of 6339 patients with information about their operations, 1366 (21.5%) underwent TCR, with significant variability between centers. The majority (75.8%) underwent a single TCR. The annual TCR rate was linear between birth and 13 years (1.8%/year) but declined sharply from 14 to 21 years (0.7%/year). There was no period of time at which the TCR rate accelerated. There were no significant differences in TCR rates between males and females. TCR rate was not related to functional lesion level but was lower among nonambulators compared with community ambulators (p = 0.005) and among those with treated hydrocephalus (HR 0.30, p < 0.001), and higher among those having prior Chiari decompression (HR 1.71, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

These results extend the results of prior single-institution studies, demonstrate significant treatment variability between institutions, and challenge the traditional concept that tethering is related to spinal cord stretching due to spinal growth.
The paradigm of the migration crisis and its influence on national legislation on irregular migration
Authors: Markiewicz-Stanny Joanna
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to provide a detailed study of the ways in which the paradigm of crisis has influenced the law and practice of European countries in the field of irregular migration. Bearing in mind that the perception of “crisis” is ambiguous and does not have legal definition, the first part of this paper will provide a clarification of its scope and some contexts in which it is used. Secondly, labelling some situations as “crises” requires some urgent and unusual actions. Hence, it is important to indicate what types of legal measures and normative solutions, therefore, prevail nowadays in the practice of states. The countries that are particularly interesting in this context include Germany, Sweden, and Denmark, whose migration policies have, over the course of the past few years, decisively shifted from a relatively open approach towards more restrictive solutions. Although the crisis in the migration context is defined bipolarly, a characteristic feature of the paradigm shift is focusing on the elimination or at least limitation of the presence of foreigners on the territory of the statethrough border controls, obstruction of access to international protection and family reunification, as well as increasing the effectiveness of forced returns. The result of these consideration has led to the conclusion that on the one hand the authorities’ rhetoric of crisis not automatically mean the use of special and emergency measures foreseen by law. On the other hand, the narrative referring to defeat and catastrophe justified the introduction of controversial solutions in a hurry, often with disregard for the detailed analyses and regulatory impactassessment, which are common in such cases. At the same time, the determinant of the shape of the migration law is the “temporariness” inherent in the crisis paradigm. One of its most important elements is the departure from long-term residence permits, guaranteeing a certain stability in connection with international protection, in favour of short-term permits.
A new type of EU visa? The legal nature of a travel permit issued under the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS)
Authors: Cesarz Maciej Zbigniew
Published: December 2021

Głównym celem systemu ETIAS jest selekcja i monitorowanie osób przekraczających granicę zewnętrzną Unii Europejskiej poprzez wydawanie zezwoleń na wjazd. Autorzy tego nowego, zakrojonego na szeroką skalę projektu wyraźnie podkreślają, że zezwolenie ETIAS nie jest wizą, niemniej ten kolejny elektroniczny system autoryzacji wjazdu usprawni zarządzanie mobilnością obywateli 62 państw trzecich, a więc populacją 1,4 mld osób uprawnionych do bezwizowego przekraczania zewnętrznych granic UE. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi porównanie wiz Schengen oraz zezwoleń na podróż, które mają zostać wprowadzone na mocy rozporządzenia ETIAS w 2022 r. Analiza porównawcza zawiera szereg argumentów przemawiających za tezą, że zezwolenia wydawane w ramach nowego reżimu ETIAS wpisują się w szeroką definicję prawną wiz rozumianych jako upoważnienie do wjazdu na terytorium UE.
Динамическая коррекция чувствительности дефектоскопических каналов при высокоскоростном контроле рельсов
Authors: Марков А.А. , Максимова Е.А. , Антипов А.Г.
Published: December 2021

The article is aimed at increasing the reliability of high-speed ultrasonic monitoring of long-dimensional objects, in particular, railway rails. The technical documentation for the control does not take into account the features of high-speed rail monitoring, is focused on compliance with the initially set parameters and cannot provide the required reliability of defect detection. The factors that manifest themselves at high scanning speeds and negatively affect the quality of control are considered. Most of these factors cannot be quantified and accounted for in order to adjust the control parameters. An estimate of the number of undetected defects was made when working according to current documents. To ensure reliable control at high speeds, it is proposed to evaluate the current sensitivity of the control using signals from standard design reflectors of the controlled object. As such reflectors, when monitoring rails, it is proposed to use standard holes in the area of bolted joints that are regularly encountered along the scanning path. An expression is obtained for determining the value of the correction of the control sensitivity depending on the scanning speed and the measured size of the signals from the holes. An algorithm for dynamic adjustment of the parameters (sensitivity) of the control is proposed, which increases the reliability of detecting defects in high-speed scanning conditions.
THE CONCEPTUAL FIELD „GLÜCK“ IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE DISCOURSE
Authors: Ahapiy Anzhela , Kovalchuk Valentyna , Leh Olha
Published: December 2021

The present paper pays a special attention to such terms as “concept” and “conceptual field”, which play an extremely important role in understanding the processes of conceptualization of the reality in human cognition. The interpretation of the conceptual field as a fixed grouping of typologically and semantically homogeneous and hierarchically arranged concepts is substantiated in the study.
The principles of modeling the conceptual field “Glück” in the German language discourse are considered. The means of verbalization of the concept “Glück”, namely a set of nominal lexemes for designating positive emotions (the lexeme “Glück” and its synonyms registered in the texts: Glück, Freude, Geschick, Heil, Hochgefühl, Schwein, Segen, Wonne) are under investigation. Based on the analysis of collocations of positively marked emotive nouns with verbs that cover certain areas in the conceptual field under study, the structure of the conceptual field “Glück” in the German language discourse is modeled. The conceptual areas constituting the core, the near and the far periphery are outlined. The degree of connection between different conceptual areas is determined and the areas exhibiting strong, medium or weak connection are found. Correlations between the conceptual areas have been established, each of which, forming figures of various configurations, is considered as a single conceptual complex.
The use of methods of structural linguistics in the study of conceptual processes made it possible to obtain relevant objective data on the actualization of the emotional concept “Glück” in the German fiction of the 20th century.
In summary, the author’s interpretation of the term “conceptual field” is suggested, which is defined as a set of conceptual spheres (areas) connected by systemic, interrelated and complementary relations, which is represented by the lexical field units (words) and within which units of the lexical level function and realize their meanings.
The structure of the conceptual field “Glück” has been determined. The following conceptual areas constitute the core: “verbs of movement and displacement”, “verbs designating occurrence or appearance” and “verbs of spatial localization”. The near periphery is formed by: “action verbs”, “relational semantics verbs”, “stative, processual verbs”, “verbs of being”, and “verbs of mental and social actions of the subject.” The far periphery includes the following conceptual areas: “verbs of sounding and onomatopoeia”, “characterization verbs”, and “modal verbs”.
Key words: concept, verbalizers, correlation analysis, conceptual field, conceptual area, core, periphery.
THE SYSTEM OF EXERCISES FOR TEACHING ORAL CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING
Authors: Korol Antonina , Pityk Anhelina
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study was to create a system of exercises for teaching interpretation in the language pair "German-Ukrainian", due to the emergence of new standards for the quality of professional training of interpreters. In our article we used theoretical and empirical research methods: critical analysis of scientific literature on translation studies, methods of professional training of translators; educational documents and textbooks in higher education institutions; monitoring the organization of interpretation training in higher education institutions; observation of the organization of interpretation training in the Free Economic Zone; survey of translation teachers in order to study the state of professional training of applicants for higher education; questionnaires, self-assessment of future translators in order to identify the probable level of their professional competence. At the initial stage of the study, a survey of both higher education and translation teachers was conducted in order to identify priority areas of professional interpretation of an interpreter, to select relevant material and develop a system of exercises to develop skills and skills of interpretation within the discipline "Fundamentals of Interpreting", which is taught in the 3rd year (180 hours, 6 credits). The subject component of the content of interpretation training is limited on the basis of the results of the questionnaire in the following areas: social, political, as well as the field of culture and education. According to the stages of interpretation training, a system of exercises consisting of three subsystems has been developed. These include exercises for: 1) the formation of special skills of interpretation; 2) automation of skills and formation of special and strategic skills; 3) development of special and strategic skills. The material for the development of these exercises was authentic German-language online sources in the field of culture and education, as well as social and political spheres of human activity (official websites of Deutsche Welle, the European Commission, the website of the Federal Chancellor and the President of Germany; private podcast Annik Rubens Slow German mit Annik Rubens, printed publications in online format: Bild, Zeit, Spiegel, die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine, as well as online terminological dictionaries. The total amount of practical tasks for translation and exercises for the formation and automation of special skills of interpretation and development of strategic skills is 200 units, which are offered as a basis for the conclusion of methodological development for teaching interpretation in the 3rd year.
Key words: consecutive interpreting, professional competence of an interpreter, system of exercises, stages of training, groups of exercises.
LINGUISTIC PECULARITIES OF REALISATION OF PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN MOTIVATIONAL TED TALKS SPEECHES
Authors: Lopatiuk Nataliia , Yakymchuk Vira
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the analysis of linguistic means of realization of persuasive strategies in motivational Ted Talks speeches. Nowadays, the popularity of Ted Talks gradually increases due to the variety of meticulously organized speeches presented to the view of society since the moment of TED’s creation. Millions of people from all around the world visit the online TED platform daily in search of inspiration, motivation and knowledge from various spheres. The object of our scientific research is the persuasive strategies in motivational Ted Talks speeches. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify and study the mechanisms of verbal realization of persuasive strategies in rhetorical and media discourse, as persuasion in discourse is one of the current problems of modern linguistics. The subject of the research is verbal means of realization of persuasive strategies in the discursive space of Ted Talks speeches. In the research the following methods have been used: the methods of analysis and deduction; the method of pragmatic analysis, the method of contextual analysis, and the descriptive method. The data of the research has been withdrawn from the transcripts of motivational Ted Talks speeches. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is in singling out the peculiarities of persuasive strategies realization in Ted Talks media discourse and working out the typology of persuasive strategies. The study is based on the three persuasive strategies outlined by the principle of rhetoric: ethos, logos, and pathos. Together, they support efficient persuasion and present the tools to effectively connect with the audience; know their interests, prejudices and expectations. Ethos is a persuasive strategy that allows an orator to establish their authority to speak on the subject, logos is categorized as a tool for implementing a logical argument into the speech to prove its point and pathos is a speaker’s attempt to influence the audience emotionally.
The results prove that all three of those rhetorical persuasive strategies are frequently used by Ted Talks presenters in their motivational speeches. The appeals to credibility, logic and emotions are the key features implemented in the discursive space of Ted Talks as the necessary elements of persuasion.
Key words: persuasive strategies, ethos, pathos, logos, motivational speeches, Ted Talks.
Pemanfaatan Tanah Mediteranian Sebagai Media Pembibitan Budset Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas Bululawang dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kandang pada Dosis yang Berbeda
Authors: Tri Pamungkas Saktiyono Sigit
Published: December 2021

Abstract The decrease in the productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) can be pursued through intensification with treatment in the nursery. However, it is increasingly difficult to find a good growing medium for plants, such as mediterranean soil must be managed. One of the efforts is to increase soil fertility by adding livestock manure which has the potential as organic fertilizer so that it is expected to improve soil structure and add nutrients. This study aims to determine the dose of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries on media with the addition of lime soil. This research was carried out at the independent farm. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer (0, 125, 250, 375, and 500 grams/polybag) with 3 replications. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter of sugarcane nurseries. The best application of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries is a dose of 250 grams/polybag. Keywords: Sugarcane, Nurseries, Mediterranean Soil, Livestock Manure, Organic Fertilizer