bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fertilización sintética y orgánica y su efecto en la producción de maíz, variedad Nutrinta Amarillo
Authors: Ríos Miguel Jerónimo , Gómez-Martínez Jorge , Bolaños Aguilar Ricardo Eliezer , Gutiérrez Matamoros Carlos José
Published: September 2019

En Nicaragua el maíz (Zea mays L.) ocupa un lugar importante en la economía, siendo considerado el producto de mayor consumo en la alimentación humana. Con este estudio se pretende generar información necesaria acerca de nuevas fórmulas de fertilizantes (Nitro xtend y Fertimaíz) respondiendo a la problemática de los agricultores en sus bajos rendimientos. El trabajo de investigación fue realizado en el centro de experimentación y validación de tecnología (CEVT) Las Mercedes, ubicado en el km 11 Carretera Norte, Managua, Nicaragua y entre las coordenadas geográficas de 12°10’14” y 12°08’05” de latitud Norte y 86°10’22” y 86°09’44” de longitud Oeste a una altura de 56 msnm. Se realizó durante los meses de octubre 2015 a enero 2016. Los suelos de esta zona son derivados de cenizas volcánicas, de la serie Las Mercedes, de textura franco arcillosa. El objetivo fue comparar el efecto que tiene las fuentes de fertilizantes sintéticos y orgánicos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz. Se estableció en arreglo unifactorial en diseño de bloques completo al azar con cuatro repeticiones y tres tratamientos, distribuidos de la siguiente forma: el tratamiento uno corresponde a la apliación de fertilizante tradicional (12-30-10 más urea), el segundo tratamiento fue fertilizante especial (Fertimaiz y Nitro xtend) y el tercer tratamiento corresponde a un orgánico (humus de lombriz). La dimensión del ensayo fue de 410.8m2. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa INFOSTAT y los resultados indican diferencia significativa en la variable: diámetro del tallo (2.15 cm), altura de inserción de la espiga (225.08 cm), presentando el tratamiento tradicional los mejores resultados; las variables, altura de planta (215.43 m), numero de hojas (8.58), área foliar (604.06 cm2). Inserción de la espiga (129.77 cm), rendimiento (3 453.48 kg ha-1) los mejores resultados se reflejaron al fertilizar con Fertimaiz y Nitro Xtend
Incorporación de nitrógeno para mejorar la eficiencia de uso del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en La Libertad, Perú
Authors: Heros Aguilar Elizabeth Consuelo , Villacorta Hugo Soplín , Peralta Guillermo Sosa
Published: September 2019

El mejoramiento de la eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno reduciría el consumo de fertilizantes nitrogenados y contribuiría a la preservación del ambiente y al desarrollo de sistemas de producción sostenibles. Para mejorar la eficiencia de uso, se realizó un experimento en el valle del distrito de Jequetepeque, provincia de Pacasmayo, departamento de La Libertad en Perú, para identificar la forma de aplicación y los niveles de nitrógeno más adecuados para optimizar la eficiencia y disminuir las pérdidas que se originan por el mal manejo del nitrógeno. Se evaluaron tres formas de aplicación del fertilizante nitrogenado (urea): Forma 1: 100% incorporado en suelo seco; Forma 2: 50% incorporado en suelo seco + 50% al voleo al inicio del primordio floral en lámina de agua; y Forma 3: Voleo tradicional aplicando la mitad del nitrógeno a los quince días después del trasplante en lámina de agua y el 50% restante al inicio del primordio floral al voleo en lámina de agua. Los niveles utilizados fueron: 120, 240 y 320KgNha-1 y un testigo 0. El rendimiento en grano obtenido varió de5.67 a 4.88tha-1, para formas y de 7.36 a 5.34tha-1, para niveles de nitrógeno. La estimación de la eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno a través de los indicadores de eficiencia agronómica, eficiencia fisiológica y factor parcial de productividad, identificaron que la forma 2 tuvo la mejor respuesta.
The Theory Graph Modeling and Programming Systems from Module Elements to the Application Areas
Authors: Lavrischeva E. M.
Published: September 2019

The mathematical basics of graph modeling and paradigm programming of applied systems (AS) are presented. The vertices of graph are been the functional elements of the systems and the arcs define the connections between them. The graph is represented by an adjacency and reach ability matrix. A number of graph of program structures and their representation by mathematical operations (unions, connections, differences, etc.) are shown. Given the characteristics of graph structures, complexes, units, and systems created from the modules of the graph. The method of modeling the system on the graph of modules, which describe in the programming languages (LP) and calling them with operations (link, assembling, building, etc.). The standard of configuration (2012) Assembly of heterogeneous software elements in AS of different fields of knowledge is made. Brief descriptions of modern and future programming paradigms for formal theoretical creation of systems from service-components for Internet in the near future are given.
Influence of Soil on the Traction Performance of a 65 kW MFWD Tractor
Authors: Battiato A. , Diserens E.
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the mechanical behaviour of the soil surface on the traction performance and the fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor, both in qualitative and in quantitative terms, in order to increase the consciousness about the major role of the soil mechanical response in the optimisation of the energy aspects involved in the traction developed by a tractor and promote the development of new strategies to reduce costs of tillage management and improve agricultural sustainability. The traction performance of a 65 kW MFWD tractor at tyre pressures of 60 and 160 kPa was compared on four Swiss agricultural soils: a clay with corn stubbles, a clay loam with wheat stubbles, a silty loam and a loamy sand both with corn stubbles. Tests performed with a bevameter pointed out noticeable differences in the mechanical behaviour of the soils. According to such differences, the drawbar pull on the four soils was significantly disparate with differences in maximal values of about 16% at a tyre pressure of 60 kPa and up to 37% at a tyre pressure of 160 kPa. Simulations with a semi-empirical tractor-soil interaction model also showed dissimilarities in traction coefficient, motion resistance, and traction efficiency. Measurements of the fuel consumption pointed out the presence of a narrow slip range where the specific fuel consumption SFC is minimised. This range doesn’t vary significantly among the considered soils as well as with the tyre pressure and doesn’t differ very much from the range where the power delivery efficiency is maximised. The SFC differed for almost 20% among the considered soils at a tyre pressure of 60 kPa and for ca. 10% at a tyre pressure of 160 kPa. The increase in tyre pressure from 60 to 160 kPa produced an increment in SFC up to 16%. The results of this study clearly pointed out how the traction performance is a characteristic of the tractor-soil system and not of the tractor only, therefore, a proper knowledge of the soil mechanical behaviour should aid in developing strategies oriented towards reducing fossil fuel consumption.
Factors Influencing Soil Erosion Control Practices Adoption in Centre of the Republic of Benin: Use of Multinomial Logistic
Authors: Moriaque Akplo Tobi , Félix Kouelo Alladassi , Pascal Houngnandan , Anastase Azontondé Hessou , Socrate Agonvinon Mahugnon , Sidoine Bokossa Thiburce
Published: September 2019

Water erosion threatens large agricultural areas in Benin. This study dealing with the effect of personal household’s attributes and field physical characteristics on erosion control practices was carried out in the watershed of Zou. A total of 390 farmers distributed in six were randomly sampled. Questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion and field observation were used as the main data collection technics. It allowed to collect sociodemographic and institutional characteristics and have a view on the effectiveness of the erosion control practices adoption. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and logistic regression. Ridging parallel to the slope (40.77% in adoption); mulching (11.03% in adoption); isohypse ridging (16.67% in adoption) and no-tillage (8.46 in adoption) were inventoried as soil erosion control practices on the watershed. It appears that that the household’s sociodemographic and institutional attributes and field physical characteristics significantly affected the adoption of the inventoried water erosion control practices. Sex, education, farmer’s organization membership, landownerships, access to agricultural advice service, position of the field on the toposequence and presence of water stream significantly influenced the soil erosion control practices adopted on the watershed. The results of this study showing that set of factor sway farmers to adopt soil erosion control practices can help policy makers to upscale the adoption of the practices and soil scientists to orient their research programs on erosion control practices.
Galactus - Um ambiente inteligente para apoio à tomada de decisão no âmbito do Ministério Público de Sergipe
Authors: Mangueira da Cruz Nunes Fabio , Colaço Júnior Methanias , Bonifacio da Silva Junior José , Bruno B. S. Costa Luan , Carlos S. Recchi Everton
Published: September 2019

O Galactus é um ambiente projetado, integrador, com capacidade para armazenar todo o acervo digital investigativo de órgãos ou departamentos que atuam com a atividade de Inteligência de Segurança Pública (ISP). O Ministério Público de Sergipe tem utilizado este ambiente tecnológico para prospecção e descoberta de informações essenciais ao processo investigativo. Estudos de casos diários têm apresentado resultados que evidenciam a necessidade inerente ao investigador de possuir um único modal customizável de busca.
Antimicrobial Effect Of Visible Blue Light Used In A Minimally Invasive Intramedullary Fracture Stabilization System
Authors: Van Guido W. , Croughs Peter D. , Hagenaars Tjebbe , Verhofstad Michael H.J. , Van Esther M.M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Introduction: Since 2009, the IlluminOss® System is being used as an intramedullary fracture treatment. The system is characterized by the use of blue light to polymerize liquid monomer after its infusion in a polyethylene terephthalate balloon. Very few infections of the material have been observed, which might be explained by the possible antimicrobial side-effect of the blue light used in this intramedullary fracture stabilization system. This study aimed to assess this antimicrobial (side-)effect on S. aureus.Methods: A suspension of 1.5 x 103 CFU/ml of 8325-4 S. aureus was placed into five, custom made, black delrin cylinders. The implant was placed into the cylinders and the light source was activated for 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 seconds. 100 µL of the light exposed suspension was grafted on blood agar and placed in a 35 degrees Celsius incubator for 24 hours. Colonies on each agar plate were counted and compared to the control plates (no blue light exposure).Results: The control plates showed a mean of 85 ± 15 colonies per plate. A statistically significant decrease was observed after 600 seconds of exposure time; mean colony count of 63 ± 4 (p <0.05). The absolute reduction was 24 ± 14 after 600 seconds exposure time. At 800 and 1,000 seconds, no statistically significant reduction was found compared with the control plates (means 72 ± 10 and 83 ± 14 colonies, respectively).Conclusions: In this study only a temporary reduction of S. aureus was observed.If future research regarding the antimicrobial characteristics of blue light used in the IlluminOss® System is desired, it should focus on the need for oxygen and its availability and the dose and manner of applying the light.
Call Me Angakkuq: Captain George Comer and the Inuit of Qatiktalik
Authors: Driscoll Engelstad Bernadette
Published: September 2019

Through many years of dedicated fieldwork in the Canadian Arctic, Captain George Comer laid a solid foundation for the future of museum anthropology. With the support of Franz Boas, Captain Comer—a New England whaling master with little formal schooling—assembled an extensive collection of Inuit ethnographic and archaeological artifacts, photographs, sound recordings, and natural history specimens for the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, as well as major museums in Berlin, Ottawa, and Philadelphia. This article examines a remarkable segment of that collection, the production of Inuit facial casts—portraits of over two hundred men, women, and children—created by Comer at Qatiktalik (Cape Fullerton), a whaling site on the west coast of Hudson Bay. In tandem with photographs taken by Comer, Geraldine Moodie, and others at the time, these facial casts comprise a vital chapter of Inuit social history, preserving the memory of individuals and families who lived, worked, and traded at Qatiktalik. Accompanied by detailed biographical documentation prepared by Captain Comer, this extraordinary collection acknowledges the significance of personhood, a key concept in modern anthropological theory, and provides meaningful insight into the early social, cultural, and political history of Nunavut in the Canadian Arctic.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative [3+2] Annulation of Arenes and Azabicyclic Olefins through Twofold C−H Activation
Authors: Mi Ruijie , Zheng Guangfan , Qi Zisong , Li Xingwei
Published: September 2019

C−H bond activation is mostly limited to ortho selectivity. Activation of both ortho and meta C−H bonds constitutes a particularly important strategy for annulation, but has rarely been studied in enantioselective systems. Reported herein is rhodium(III)‐catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] transannulation of arenes with 7‐azabenzonorbornadienes. Two distinct classes of arenes have been identified as substrates, and the coupling proceeded with high enantioselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity through sequential activation of ortho and meta C−H bonds.
Matter‐tag: A universal immobilization platform for enzymes on polymers, metals, and silicon‐based materials
Authors: Dedisch Sarah , Wiens Annika , Davari Mehdi D. , Söder Dominik , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar , Jakob Felix , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: September 2019

Enzyme immobilization is extensively studied to improve enzyme properties in catalysis and analytical applications. Here, we introduce a simple and versatile enzyme immobilization platform based on adhesion‐promoting peptides, namely Matter‐tags. Matter‐tags immobilize enzymes in an oriented way as a dense monolayer. The immobilization platform was established with three adhesion‐promoting peptides; Cecropin A (CecA), liquid chromatography peak I (LCI), and Tachystatin A2 (TA2), that were genetically fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein and to two industrially important enzymes: a phytase (from Yersinia mollaretii) and a cellulase (CelA2 from a metagenomic library). Here, we report a universal and simple Matter‐tag–based immobilization platform for enzymes on various materials including polymers (polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate), metals (stainless steel and gold), and silicon‐based materials (silicon wafer). The Matter‐tag–based enzyme immobilization is performed at ambient temperature within minutes (<10 min) in an aqueous solution harboring the phytase or cellulase by immersing the targeted material. The peptide LCI was identified as universal adhesion promoter; LCI immobilized both enzymes on all investigated materials. The attachment of phytase‐LCI onto gold was characterized with surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy obtaining a dissociation constant value (KD) of 2.9·10−8 M and a maximal surface coverage of 504 ng/cm².
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation Reaction to Access 1,2,3‐Triazole‐5‐carboxamides Using Dimethyl Carbonate as Sustainable Solvent
Authors: de Albuquerque Danilo Yano , de Moraes Juliana R. , Schwab Ricardo S.
Published: September 2019

A simple and direct palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of 5‐iodo‐1,2,3‐triazoles backbone for the incorporation of an amide functional group is presented. The approach is based on the palladium catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction of iodo‐triazole with different amines employing formic acid and sulfuric acid as CO source (Morgan's reaction) to provide the 1,2,3‐triazole‐5‐carboxamides in good to excellent yields. The important features of this methodology include short reaction time, high yields, the use of dimethyl carbonate as a sustainable solvent, and the use of efficient alternative source of carbon monoxide, avoiding pressurized cylinder. The methodology described herein for the synthesis of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐5‐carboxamides, can offers an alternative path for functionalization of other heterocycles.
A systematic review on the effects of group singing on persistent pain in people with long‐term health conditions
Authors: Irons J. Yoon , Sheffield David , Ballington Freddie , Stewart Donald E.
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives

Singing can have a range of health benefits; this paper reviews the evidence of the effects of group singing for chronic pain in people with long‐term health conditions.

Database and Data Treatment

We searched for published peer‐reviewed singing studies reporting pain measures (intensity, interference and depression) using major electronic databases (last search date 31 July 2018). After screening 123 full texts, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria: five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), seven non‐RCTs and one qualitative study. Included studies were appraised using Downs and Black and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme quality assessments.

Results

Included studies reported differences in the type of singing intervention, long‐term condition and pain measures. Due to the high heterogeneity, we conducted a narrative review. Singing interventions were found to reduce pain intensity in most studies, but there was more equivocal support for reducing pain interference and depression. Additionally, qualitative data synthesis identified three key linked and complementary themes: physical, psychological and social benefits.

Conclusion

Group singing appears to have the potential to reduce pain intensity, pain interference and depression; however, we conclude that there is only partial support for singing on some pain outcomes based on the limited available evidence of varied quality. Given the positive findings of qualitative studies, this review recommends that practitioners are encouraged to continue this work. More studies of better quality are needed. Future studies should adopt more robust methodology and report their singing intervention in details. Group singing may be an effective and safe approach for reducing persistent pain and depression in people with long‐term health conditions.

Significance

This systematic review assesses research evidence for the effectiveness of group singing on chronic pain in people with long‐term health conditions. Narrative syntheses revealed that there is partial support for singing effects on some pain outcomes based on the limited available evidence of varied quality. Qualitative data provided additional support of physical, psychological and social benefits. The review highlights implications for practice and future studies.
CD93 hematopoietic stem cells improve diabetic wound healing by VEGF activation and downregulation of DAPK‐1
Authors: Zafari Fariba , Shirian Sadegh , Sadeghi Morteza , Teimourian Shahram , Bakhtiyari Mehrdad
Published: September 2019

Diabetes is associated with numerous complications, such as diabetic skin wounds or ulcerations. The aim of this study was to evaluate experimentally the effectiveness of applying polycaprolactone (PCL)‐gelatin scaffold, with or without rat CD93 hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in diabetic wound healing in a rat model. CD93 HSCs were aseptically isolated from rat bone marrow using fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) method and FACS‐SORTER. A total of 25 Wistar rats were divided into five groups including Group I (sham, nondiabetic, and wound covered only with sterile dressing), II (control, diabetic rat), III (CD93 HSCs alone), IV (PCL‐gelatin scaffold), and V (CD93 HSCs+PCL‐gelatin scaffold). Animals were killed on Days 7, 14, or 28 posttreatment and histological sections were blindly evaluated by two expert pathologists. Death‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK‐1) gene and vesicular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) protein expression were evaluated using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The thickest and the thinnest epidermises microscopically were belonged to CD93+HSCs+scaffold and the control group, respectively. The growth rate of the epidermis and adnexal epithelia was the highest in both the cell and cell+scaffold groups. Evaluation of the protein expression level of VEGF indicated that the expression levels of this growth factor were the most on Day 7 posttreatment in sham, HSCs alone, and HSCs cell+scaffold groups. While the lowest expression levels of this growth factor was detected in the control and scaffold groups. The gene expression level of DAPK‐1 on Day 7 posttreatment was higher than that of the Day 14 posttreatment in all groups. The highest and lowest gene expression levels of DAPK‐1 belonged to control and sham groups, respectively. According to our findings, CD93 HSCs offer new prospects for the treatment of diabetic ulcers and concomitant application of these cells with PCL‐gelatin nanofiber scaffold significantly improves diabetic wound treatment.
Differential expression of lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA and their related functional networks during the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Liu Zhongjun , Xu Shuaimei , Dao Junfeng , Gan Zekun , Zeng Xiongqun
Published: September 2019

Dentin‐pulp regeneration requires dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), but the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during this process remains unclear. Here, we cultured human DPSCs in osteogenic/odontogenic medium for 14 days and analyzed cells via RNA‐sequencing. The data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and lncRNA–microRNA (miRNA)–messenger RNA (mRNA) networks were constructed to reveal the potential competing endogenous RNA regulatory role of lncRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were performed. One lncRNA, SNHG7, was identified and validated by genetic shRNA silencing. A total of 89 lncRNAs, 1,636 mRNAs, and 113 miRNAs were differentially expressed after differentiation. Bioinformatics identified an array of affected signaling pathways including phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase–protein kinase B, transforming growth factor‐β, and Wnt. mRNAs were enriched in cell migration, cell differentiation, stem cell development, ossification, and skeletal development. One lncRNA, SNHG7, was indentified to inhibit the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs when silenced. In summary, we reveal several lncRNAs that significantly change during DPSC differentiation, including SNHG7. This reveals new targets for dentin‐pulp complex regeneration and tissue engineering.
Characterization of C2C12 cells in simulated microgravity: Possible use for myoblast regeneration
Authors: Calzia Daniela , Ottaggio Laura , Cora Alessandro , Chiappori Giorgia , Cuccarolo Paola , Cappelli Enrico , Izzotti Alberto , Tavella Sara , Degan Paolo
Published: September 2019

Muscle loss is a major problem for many in lifetime. Muscle and bone degeneration has also been observed in individuals exposed to microgravity and in unloading conditions. C2C12 myoblst cells are able to form myotubes, and myofibers and these cells have been employed for muscle regeneration purposes and in myogenic regeneration and transplantation studies. We exposed C2C12 cells in an random position machine to simulate microgravity and study the energy and the biochemical challenges associated with this treatment. Simulated microgravity exposed C2C12 cells maintain positive proliferation indices and delay the differentiation process for several days. On the other hand this treatment significantly alters many of the biochemical and the metabolic characteristics of the cell cultures including calcium homeostasis. Recent data have shown that these perturbations are due to the inhibition of the ryanodine receptors on the membranes of intracellular calcium stores. We were able to reverse this perturbations treating cells with thapsigargin which prevents the segregation of intracellular calcium ions in the mitochondria and in the sarco/endoplasmic reticula. Calcium homeostasis appear a key target of microgravity exposure. In conclusion, in this study we reported some of the effects induced by the exposure of C2C12 cell cultures to simulated microgravity. The promising information obtained is of fundamental importance in the hope to employ this protocol in the field of regenerative medicine
The Durable, Dynamic Nature of Genre and Science: A Purpose‐Driven Typology of Science Trade Books
Authors: May Laura , Crisp Thomas , Bingham Gary E. , Schwartz Renée S. , Pickens Mario T. , Woodbridge Kate
Published: September 2019

The authors conducted a qualitative content analysis of the 400 National Science Teachers Association Outstanding Science Trade Books for Students K–12 from 2010–2017 selected for their instructional usefulness in science classrooms. The authors examined these expert‐recommended science trade books to better understand their design and to identify the various aspects of science education to which various genres may contribute. In light of previous research demonstrating the importance of texts used in science classrooms, the authors attended to the books’ scientific discourses and features. The authors present a typology helpful for understanding the books as related to science education broadly. The authors found general alignment between books that use expository language and those genres most likely to present knowledge accepted as reliable by the relevant scientific community. Genres apt to support the development of understandings about the nature of science and scientific inquiry, however, were more often composed of narrative. Given the richness of the text set and the multiple discourses therein, the authors were unable to bring their typology into alignment with arguments that certain kinds of trade books are unsuitable for science classrooms (e.g., biography, realistic fiction). A challenge with much of the existing research on science trade books and their use is that it has used oversimplified binary categories of narrative/expository to encourage limiting exposure to a single discourse or genre. Ultimately, through the typology presented, the authors seek to support the ability of science educators and researchers in identifying how different types of science trade books align with comprehensive science education.
A General and Straightforward Route to Noble Metal‐Decorated Mesoporous Transition‐Metal Oxides with Enhanced Gas Sensing Performance
Authors: Ma Junhao , Xiao Xingyu , Zou Yidong , Ren Yuan , Zhou Xinran , Yang Xuanyu , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui
Published: September 2019

Controllable and efficient synthesis of noble metal/transition‐metal oxide (TMO) composites with tailored nanostructures and precise components is essential for their application. Herein, a general mercaptosilane‐assisted one‐pot coassembly approach is developed to synthesize ordered mesoporous TMOs with agglomerated‐free noble metal nanoparticles, including Au/WO3, Au/TiO2, Au/NbOx, and Pt/WO3. 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane is applied as a bridge agent to cohydrolyze with metal oxide precursors by alkoxysilane moieties and interact with the noble metal source (e.g., HAuCl4 and H2PtCl4) by mercapto (SH) groups, resulting in coassembly with poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene. The noble metal decorated TMO materials exhibit highly ordered mesoporous structure, large pore size (≈14–20 nm), high specific surface area (61–138 m2 g−1), and highly dispersed noble metal (e.g., Au and Pt) nanoparticles. In the system of Au/WO3, in situ generated SiO2 incorporation not only enhances their thermal stability but also induces the formation of ε‐phase WO3 promoting gas sensing performance. Owning to its specific compositions and structure, the gas sensor based on Au/WO3 materials possess enhanced ethanol sensing performance with a good response (Rair/Rgas = 36–50 ppm of ethanol), high selectivity, and excellent low‐concentration detection capability (down to 50 ppb) at low working temperature (200 °C).
The effect of tree age on the chemical composition of the wood of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in Poland
Authors: Lachowicz Hubert , Wróblewska Hanna , Wojtan Rafał , Sajdak Magdalena
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of a so far most extensive study on the effect of tree age on variation of the chemical structure of silver birch wood carried out in Poland. Field studies took place in 12 forestry districts distributed throughout the country. In each district, study sites were selected with stands aged approximately 30, 50, and 70 years in fresh broadleaved forest habitats, as well as in five districts in fresh mixed broadleaved forest habitats. Analyses were made of the contents of substances soluble in cold and hot water, ethanol and 1% NaOH, as well as the contents of cellulose, lignin, pentosans and ash, and the pH, of wood from 306 silver birch trees. Tree age was shown to have a significant effect on the contents of cellulose, pentosans, ash, and substances soluble in 1% NaOH. In the case of the other characteristics, age was found to have no significant effect. The cellulose content was lowest in 30-year-old stands and increased with tree age. Similar observations were made regarding ash content. Contents of pentosans and substances soluble in 1% NaOH were highest in the wood of the youngest trees. Since birch wood is used by the pulp and paper, board and energy industries, the knowledge of its chemical composition, depending on the age of the trees, can be of potential practical importance for its further application.
Tumor size  ≥50 mm as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Patients with Stage II or III Gastric Cancer After Postoperative S‐1 Monotherapy: Analysis of a Multi‐institution Dataset
Authors: Tsutsuyama Masayuki , Kanda Mitsuro , Ito Seiji , Mochizuki Yoshinari , Teramoto Hitoshi , Ishigure Kiyoshi , Murai Toshifumi , Asada Takahiro , Ishiyama Akiharu , Matsushita Hidenobu , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Fujiwara Michitaka , Murotani Kenta , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: September 2019

Background

Little is known about the changes in prognostic factors after adjuvant S‐1 monotherapy has become widespread as a standard of care for patients with gastric cancer (GC) in East Asia. The present study compared prognostic factors of patients with stage II/III GC treated with or without S‐1 adjuvant to formulate appropriate risk stratification strategies.

Methods

We designed a large multicenter dataset and retrospectively analyzed 847 patients with GC stage II or III, who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2010 and 2014. Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors were compared between the two patient groups: surgery‐alone (n = 266) and S‐1 adjuvant (n = 581).

Results

There were no significant differences in pathological tumor depths, nodal status, and disease stages between groups. Recurrence‐free survival was significantly longer in the S‐1 adjuvant group. For the surgery‐alone group, independent prognostic factors were (in order of hazard ratio): (1) invasive growth, (2) high preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, (3) total gastrectomy. For the S‐1 adjuvant group, macroscopic tumor size (≥50 mm) was identified as another independent prognostic factor next only to pN2/3. There was overlap between the survival curves of patients with tumor size  ≥50 mm in both groups. After receiving adjuvant S‐1 monotherapy,  ≥50 mm patients had significantly higher prevalence of peritoneal and lymph node metastasis as initial recurrences compared with  <50 mm patients.

Conclusions

Adjuvant S‐1 monotherapy may alter listing of adverse prognostic factors of stage II and III patients. Macroscopic tumor size  ≥50 mm may serve as an important determinant for risk stratification to identify patients who require more intensive treatment.
Hematocrit levels and thrombotic events in patients with polycythemia vera: an analysis of Veterans Health Administration data
Authors: Parasuraman Shreekant , Yu Jingbo , Paranagama Dilan , Shrestha Sulena , Wang Li , Baser Onur , Scherber Robyn
Published: September 2019

Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) have a high incidence of thrombotic events (TEs), contributing to a greater mortality risk than the general population. The relationship between hematocrit (HCT) levels and TE occurrence among patients with PV from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) was evaluated to replicate findings of the CYTO-PV trial with a real-world patient population. This retrospective study used VHA medical record and claims data from the first claim with a PV diagnosis (index) until death, disenrollment, or end of study, collected between October 1, 2005, and September 30, 2012. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years at index, had ≥ 2 claims for PV (ICD-9-CM code, 238.4) ≥ 30 days apart during the identification period, continuous health plan enrollment from 12 months pre-index until end of study, and ≥ 3 HCT measurements per year during follow-up. This analysis focused on patients with no pre-index TE, and with all HCT values either < 45% or ≥ 45% during the follow-up period. The difference in TE risk between HCT groups was assessed using unadjusted Cox regression models based on time to first TE. Patients (N = 213) were mean (SD) age 68.9 (11.5) years, 98.6% male, and 61.5% white. TE rates for patients with HCT values < 45% versus ≥ 45% were 40.3% and 54.2%, respectively. Among patients with ≥ 1 HCT before TE, TE risk hazard ratio was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.03–2.51; P = 0.036). This analysis of the VHA population further supports effective monitoring and control of HCT levels < 45% to reduce TE risk in patients with PV.
Relationships between recovery experiences and well-being among younger and older teachers
Authors: Virtanen Anniina , De Bloom Jessica , Kinnunen Ulla
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The study had three aims. We investigated, first, how six recovery experiences (i.e., detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation) during off-job time suggested by the DRAMMA model (Newman et al. in J Happiness Stud 15(3):555–578.10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x, 2014) are related to well-being (i.e., vitality, life satisfaction, and work ability). Second, we examined how age related to these outcomes, and third, we investigated whether age moderated the relationships between recovery experiences and well-being outcomes.

Methods

A sample of 909 Finnish teachers responded to an electronic questionnaire (78% women, average age 51 years). The data were analyzed with moderated hierarchical regression analyses.

Results

Detachment from work, relaxation, control, and mastery were associated with higher vitality. Detachment, relaxation, meaning, and affiliation were related to higher life satisfaction. Older age was related to lower work ability, but not to vitality or life satisfaction. Older teachers benefited more from control and mastery during off-job time than did younger teachers in terms of vitality, whereas younger teachers benefited more from relaxation in terms of all well-being outcomes.

Conclusions

Detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation during off-job time were related to higher well-being, supporting the DRAMMA model. Age moderated the relationships between control, mastery, and relaxation and vitality and life satisfaction. The role of aging in recovery from work needs further research.
Factors related to parental pre-treatment motivation in outpatient child and adolescent mental health care
Authors: Drent Halewijn M. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara , de Bildt Annelies , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between a variety of child, parent, family and environmental factors and pre-treatment motivation of parents of children and adolescents newly referred to a mental health care clinic in The Netherlands. Data were collected of 521 parents most involved in the upbringing of the child (443 mothers and 78 fathers; Dutch origin 97.1%) of 207 girls and 314 boys (ageM = 10.2, range 1–18 years). Treatment motivation was measured by the Parent Motivation Inventory. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to investigate the prediction strength of 33 factors in 5 domains: (1) source of referral and prior use of healthcare services, (2) child characteristics, (3) characteristics of the primary parent, (4) parenting characteristics of the primary parent, and (5) family characteristics. Twenty-one factors were statistically relevant, explaining 21.3% of the deviance in pre-treatment motivation. Child characteristics, mainly type and severity of problems, contributed most to the model. Notably, internalising problems contributed more than externalising problems. Furthermore, we found relations between parental pre-treatment motivation and parents' perceived self-efficacy, parents' perceived parenting competence, financial problems and source of referral. Our findings provide insight into the multifacetedness of parental motivation prior to starting treatment and inform health professionals of specific contextual factors of interest in parents' readiness to change their behaviour and participate in treatment.
Using the lead crack framework to reduce durability test duration
Authors: Molent L. , Singh R.
Published: September 2019

Aircraft full-scale fatigue tests are expensive and time-consuming to conduct but are a critical item on the certification path of any aircraft design or modification. This paper outlines a proposal that trades cycling hours for increased detail in the teardown of a metallic test article. A method for determining the equivalent demonstrated crack size (and crack growth curve) at the mandated test life utilising the lead crack framework is demonstrated. It is considered that the test duration can be significantly reduced, whilst still achieving all the desired outcomes of a certification program.
Embedding Economies of Scale Concepts in the Model of Optimal Locations of Fresh Produce Aggregation Hubs
Authors: Ge Houtian , Canning Patrick , Goetz Stephan , Perez Agnes , Li Jie
Published: September 2019

Food hubs are of interest in regional and local food system development because they potentially enhance the sustainability of food supply chains. Expanding on earlier literature, this study introduces economies of scale into an aggregation hub location model and disaggregates production into four seasons to account for geographic and seasonal variation of US fresh produce production. A mixed integer linear programming model is formulated with the objective of minimizing total costs of assembly and first-handler operations. Results suggest scale economies have significant effects on the optimal number, locations, and sizes of aggregation hubs. We model regional and local food systems in a manner more consistent with economic theory and provide a richer framework for policy analysis.
A condition that implies full homotopical complexity of orbits for surface homeomorphisms
Authors: ADDAS-ZANATA SALVADOR , DE PAULA JACOIA BRUNO
Published: September 2019

We consider closed orientable surfaces $S$ of genus $g>1$ and homeomorphisms $f:S\rightarrow S$ isotopic to the identity. A set of hypotheses is presented, called a fully essential system of curves $\mathscr{C}$ and it is shown that under these hypotheses, the natural lift of $f$ to the universal cover of $S$ (the Poincaré disk $\mathbb{D}$), denoted by $\widetilde{f},$ has complicated and rich dynamics. In this context, we generalize results that hold for homeomorphisms of the torus isotopic to the identity when their rotation sets contain zero in the interior. In particular, for $C^{1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ diffeomorphisms, we show the existence of rotational horseshoes having non-trivial displacements in every homotopical direction. As a consequence, we found that the homological rotation set of such an $f$ is a compact convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^{2g}$ with maximal dimension and all points in its interior are realized by compact $f$-invariant sets and by periodic orbits in the rational case. Also, $f$ has uniformly bounded displacement with respect to rotation vectors in the boundary of the rotation set. This implies, in case where $f$ is area preserving, that the rotation vector of Lebesgue measure belongs to the interior of the rotation set.
Re-composing Sounds … and Other Things
Authors: Landy Leigh
Published: September 2019

In this article, based on four decades of experience of using samples in diverse ways in experimental, particularly electroacoustic compositions, the author investigates the world of what he calls ‘sample-based sound-based music’ and suggests that there is a relative lack of scholarship in this important area. The article’s contextual sections focus on briefly delineating this world of sonic creativity and placing it within today’s sampling culture as well as dealing with two political aspects of sampling, a musician’s attitude towards the reuse of sonic materials and the legality of sampled sounds, including musical passages, in the discussion of which current legislation related to sampling is challenged. Following this, a number of categories are presented in terms of the types of sampling material that is being used as well as how sample-based works are presented. The subsequent section is perhaps the most poignant in the article, namely the opening up of this form of innovative composition from a more traditional ‘artist creates work’ mode of operation to a more collaborative one which is essentially already part of most other forms of sampling culture. The objective here is to suggest that such collaborative approaches will enable sample-based sound-based music to become part of the lives of a much broader group than those currently involved with it.
UVB-induced DHODH upregulation, which is driven by STAT3, is a promising target for chemoprevention and combination therapy of photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Hosseini Mohsen , Dousset Léa , Michon Pauline , Mahfouf Walid , Muzotte Elodie , Bergeron Vanessa , Bortolotto Doriane , Rossignol Rodrigue , Moisan François , Taieb Alain , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine , Rezvani Hamid R.
Published: September 2019

The leading cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) is exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Unlike most other cancers, the incidence rates of cSCCs are still on the rise and the treatment options currently available are limited. We have recently found that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, plays a critical role in UVB-induced energy metabolism reprogramming. Using a multistage model of UVB radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that UVB-induced DHODH upregulation is mainly regulated transcriptionally by STAT3. Our results indicate that chronic inhibition of DHODH by leflunomide (LFN) blocks UVB-induced tumor initiation. Human tumor xenograft studies showed that LFN treatment reduces growth of established tumors when used in combination with a genotoxic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Our data suggest that DHODH is a promising target for chemoprevention and combination therapy of UVB-induced cSCCs.
Skeletal adaptations in young male mice after 4 weeks aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Maupin Kevin A. , Childress Paul , Brinker Alexander , Khan Faisal , Abeysekera Irushi , Aguilar Izath Nizeet , Olivos David J. , Adam Gremah , Savaglio Michael K. , Ganesh Venkateswaran , Gorden Riley , Mannfeld Rachel , Beckner Elliott , Horan Daniel J. , Robling Alexander G. , Chakraborty Nabarun , Gautam Aarti , Hammamieh Rasha , Kacena Melissa A.
Published: September 2019

Gravity has an important role in both the development and maintenance of bone mass. This is most evident in the rapid and intense bone loss observed in both humans and animals exposed to extended periods of microgravity in spaceflight. Here, cohabitating 9-week-old male C57BL/6 mice resided in spaceflight for ~4 weeks. A skeletal survey of these mice was compared to both habitat matched ground controls to determine the effects of microgravity and baseline samples in order to determine the effects of skeletal maturation on the resulting phenotype. We hypothesized that weight-bearing bones would experience an accelerated loss of bone mass compared to non-weight-bearing bones, and that spaceflight would also inhibit skeletal maturation in male mice. As expected, spaceflight had major negative effects on trabecular bone mass of the following weight-bearing bones: femur, tibia, and vertebrae. Interestingly, as opposed to the bone loss traditionally characterized for most weight-bearing skeletal compartments, the effects of spaceflight on the ribs and sternum resembled a failure to accumulate bone mass. Our study further adds to the insight that gravity has site-specific influences on the skeleton.
Highly effective antimicrobial nanocomposites based on hydrogel matrix and silver nanoparticles: long-lasting bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects
Authors: Monerris Melisa , Broglia Martin F. , Yslas Edith I. , Barbero Cesar A. , Rivarola Claudia R.
Published: September 2019

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of nanocomposites based on hydrogel matrixes as reducing agents and stabilizers of silver nanoparticles synthesizedin situphotochemically without the addition of additives.
Effect of siphon flow on resonant damping of kink oscillations in magnetic flux tubes
Authors: Ruderman Michael S. , Petrukhin Nikolai S.
Published: September 2019

The effect of siphon flow on kink oscillations of magnetic flux tubes is studied in the thin tube and thin boundary layer (TTTB) approximation. The presence of a transitional layer results in oscillation damping due to resonance absorption. To calculate the damping rate we use the regular perturbation method with the ratio of transitional layer thickness to tube radius as a small parameter. We found a dependence of the ratio of decrement to the oscillation frequency, γ/ω1, on the ratio, χ, of flow velocity magnitude to the Alfvén speed in the tube core. The general theoretical results are applied to a particular case where the density radial dependence in the transitional layer is linear. We consider two models. In the first model, the radial dependence of the velocity amplitude is such that the resonance in the transitional layer occurs where the flow velocity is zero. In the second model, the flow velocity is non-zero in the whole transitional layer. In both cases, γ/ω1 is an increasing function of χ. In the first case, the presence of flow can lead to an increase in γ/ω1 by more than a factor of two. In the second model, we only carry out the calculation in the case where the plasma density inside the tube is much larger than the density of the surrounding plasma. In this model, the effect of flow is less pronounced than in the first model, and the presence of flow can increase γ/ω1 by a factor of 0.25 at most. We discuss the application of the obtained results to coronal and prominence seismology. We conclude that while for typical values of velocity in coronal loops the effect of flow is weak, it can be quite substantial in prominence seismology.