bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIRSE Standards of Practice on Management of Endoleaks Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Chun Joo-Young , de Haan Michiel , Maleux Geert , Osman Asaad , Cannavale Alessandro , Morgan Robert
Published: January 2024

Background

Endoleaks represent the most common complication after EVAR. Some types are associated with ongoing risk of aneurysm rupture and necessitate long-term surveillance and secondary interventions.

Purpose

This document, as with all CIRSE Standards of Practice documents, will recommend a reasonable approach to best practices of managing endoleaks. This will include imaging diagnosis, surveillance, indications for intervention, endovascular treatments and their outcomes. Our purpose is to provide recommendations based on up-to-date evidence, updating the guidelines previously published on this topic in 2013.

Methods

The writing group was established by the CIRSE Standards of Practice Committee and consisted of clinicians with internationally recognised expertise in endoleak management. The writing group reviewed the existing literature performing a pragmatic evidence search using PubMed to select publications in English and relating to human subjects up to 2023. The final recommendations were formulated through consensus.

Results

Endoleaks may compromise durability of the aortic repair, and long-term imaging surveillance is necessary for early detection and correct classification to guide potential re-intervention. The majority of endoleaks that require treatment can be managed using endovascular techniques. This Standards of Practice document provides up-to-date recommendations for the safe management of endoleaks.
Numerical Modeling of Distortions and Residual Stresses During Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of an ER 5183 Alloy with Weaving Deposition
Authors: Drexler Hugo , Haunreiter Fabio , Raberger Lukas , Reiter Leonhard , Hütter Andreas , Enzinger Norbert
Published: January 2024

This study deals with the numerical modelling of residual stresses and distortions occurring during wire arc additive manufacturing of ER 5183 parts with weaving deposition. It is shown that the mesh size, as well as the accurate implementation of the heat source weaving pattern has a significant impact on the results. The mechanical material properties for the simulation are evaluated utilizing in-house standardized test equipment. Validation of the thermo-mechanical simulation is done by monitoring temperatures and distortions during the process. Additionally, 3D scans of the part geometry and residual stress measurements using the hole drilling method are conducted post manufacturing. A good agreement between the experimental measurements and the numerical simulation results is found with the use of an accurate heat source model.
Training a shallow NN to erase ink seepage in historical manuscripts based on a degradation model
Authors: Savino Pasquale , Tonazzini Anna
Published: January 2024

In historical recto–verso manuscripts, very often the text written on the opposite page of the folio penetrates through the fiber of the paper, so that the texts on the two sides appear mixed. This is a very impairing damage that cannot be physically removed, and hinders both the work of philologists and palaeographers and the automatic analysis of linguistic contents. A procedure based on neural networks (NN) is proposed here to clean up the complex background of the manuscripts from this interference. We adopt a very simple shallow NN whose learning phase employs a training set generated from the data itself using a theoretical blending model that takes into account ink diffusion and saturation. By virtue of the parametric nature of the model, various levels of damage can be simulated in the training set, favoring a generalization capability of the NN. More explicitly, the network can be trained without the need for a large class of other similar manuscripts, but is still able, at least to some extent, to classify manuscripts with varying degrees of corruption. We compare the performance of this NN and other methods both qualitatively and quantitatively on a reference dataset and heavily damaged historical manuscripts.
Impact of a gravity wave process on the upper stratospheric ozone valley on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jundong , Wan Lingfeng , Chang Shujie , He Haotian
Published: January 2024

Atmospheric gravity waves are essential meso-small-scale oscillations that facilitate material exchange within the atmosphere. These waves can significantly affect the ozone layer in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, the influence of gravity wave dynamic processes on upper stratospheric ozone has rarely been studied. This paper identifies the gravity waves on the Tibetan Plateau based on ECMWF Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) data, analyzes the response of the upper stratospheric ozone to the event, and simulates the dynamic propagation mechanism of gravity waves by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. This analysis reveals that between 15:00 and 21:00 UTC on July 29, 2015, gravity waves propagated from the surface of Tibetan Plateau (450 hPa) up to the upper stratosphere (20 − 3 hPa) in an arc-shaped structure and tilted to the east with height. The gravity wave signals started to weaken at 21:00 UTC on the same day. Influenced by the easterly rapids, gravity waves partially broke near 3 hPa at 02:30 UTC on July 30, but gravity wave signals were still present, and gravity waves completely broke and released energy at 04:00 UTC. During this process, ozone in the 20–3 hPa region (upper stratosphere) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau responds well to gravity waves, and the ozone mixing ratio began to drop in ozone concentration 30 min after the partial breakup (03:00 UTC). The ozone dropped drastically by about 0.014 ppmv from 04:00 to 05:00 UTC. The WRF simulation results agree well with ERA5 and accurately capture the intricate characteristics of gravity waves. Furthermore, the breakup of gravity waves caused a total drop in ozone of 0.024 ppmv.
ZMIZ1 Regulates Proliferation, Autophagy and Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by Mediating Ubiquitin–Proteasome Degradation of SIRT1
Authors: Huang Min , Wang Junfeng , Zhang Zhengrong , Zuo Xueliang
Published: January 2024

There are nearly 1.15 million new cases of colon cancer, as well as 586,858 deaths from colon cancer worldwide in 2020. The aim of this study is to reveal whether ZMIZ1 can control the fate of colon cancer cells and the mechanism by which it functions. Specific shRNA transfection was used to knock down the expression of ZMIZ1 in colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29), and cell proliferation was detected using EdU and CCK-8 reagents, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and autophagy by western blot. The interaction of ZMIZ1 and SIRT1 was analyzed. Knockdown of ZMIZ1 significantly inhibited autophagy and proliferation, and induced apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 cells. The mRNA level of SIRT1 was not affected by ZMIZ1 knockdown, but the protein level of SIRT1 was significantly decreased and the protein level of the SIRT1-specific substrate, acetylated FOXO3a, was reduced. Immunoprecipitation assays identified the interaction between SIRT1 and ZMIZ1 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. ZMIZ1 increased intracellular ubiquitination of SIRT1. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 neutralized the effects of ZMIZ knockdown on proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells. ZMIZ1 may control the fate of colon cancer cells through the SIRT1/FOXO3a axis. Targeting ZMIZ1 would be beneficial for the treatment of colon cancer.
Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birthweight Neonates of Gestation Less Than 32 weeks in Malaysia
Authors: Boo Nem Yun , Ang Ee Lee , Ang Eric Boon-Kuang
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To determine the screening rates and incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and risk factors associated with ROP in very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) neonates of gestation <32 wk admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in a middle-income country.

Methods

It was a retrospective cohort study of prospectively submitted data by 44 Malaysian NICUs participating in the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry. All VLBW neonates of gestation <32 wk born in 2015–2020 and survived to discharge were included.

Results

Of 11768 survivors, 90.5% (n = 10436) had ROP screening; 16.1% (1685/10436) had ROP. ROP was significantly more common in neonates <28 wk gestation (extremely preterm, EPT) than ≥28 wk gestation (37.7% vs. 9.7%; p <0.001), and more common in those with birthweight <1000 g (extremely low birthweight, ELBW) than ≥1000 g (32.9% vs. 9.1%; p <0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant independent factors associated with increased risk of ROP were ELBW, EPT, Indian ethnic group, vaginal delivery, mechanical ventilation >5 d, high frequency ventilation, total parenteral nutrition, late-onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Receiving oxygen therapy at birth was associated with significantly lower risk of ROP.

Conclusions

The incidence and severity of ROP increased with decreasing gestation and birthweight. Prolonged duration of oxygen therapy, infection, invasive respiratory support, and conditions commonly causing fluctuations of oxygenation were significant factors associated with increased risk of ROP. Receiving oxygen at birth did not increase risk.
Precision enzyme discovery through targeted mining of metagenomic data
Authors: Ariaeenejad Shohreh , Gharechahi Javad , Foroozandeh Shahraki Mehdi , Fallah Atanaki Fereshteh , Han Jian-Lin , Ding Xue-Zhi , Hildebrand Falk , Bahram Mohammad , Kavousi Kaveh , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem
Published: January 2024

Metagenomics has opened new avenues for exploring the genetic potential of uncultured microorganisms, which may serve as promising sources of enzymes and natural products for industrial applications. Identifying enzymes with improved catalytic properties from the vast amount of available metagenomic data poses a significant challenge that demands the development of novel computational and functional screening tools. The catalytic properties of all enzymes are primarily dictated by their structures, which are predominantly determined by their amino acid sequences. However, this aspect has not been fully considered in the enzyme bioprospecting processes. With the accumulating number of available enzyme sequences and the increasing demand for discovering novel biocatalysts, structural and functional modeling can be employed to identify potential enzymes with novel catalytic properties. Recent efforts to discover new polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from rumen metagenome data using homology-based searches and machine learning-based models have shown significant promise. Here, we will explore various computational approaches that can be employed to screen and shortlist metagenome-derived enzymes as potential biocatalyst candidates, in conjunction with the wet lab analytical methods traditionally used for enzyme characterization.
Koningipyridines A and B, two nitrogen-containing polyketides from the fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis SC-5
Authors: Peng Weiwei , Huang Qi , Ke Xin , Wang Wenxuan , Chen Yan , Sang Zihuan , Chen Chen , Qin Siyu , Zheng Yuting , Tan Haibo , Zou Zhenxing
Published: January 2024

Two novel koninginin derivatives, koningipyridines A and B (1 and 2), along with four known compounds (3˗6) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis SC-5. Among them, koningipyridine A featured an unprecedented pentacyclic ketal skeleton with the formation of a fascinating 6/6/5/6/5 fused ring system and shared a characteristic pyridine core, which represents the first example of nitrogen-containing koninginin-type natural product. Moreover, koningipyridine B was the first member in the koninginin family sharing a unique 6/6/5 dihydropyridine skeleton, and it was suggested to be the critical biosynthetic precursor of koningipyridine A. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS data, as well as theoretical calculations of 13C NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Moreover, all isolates were screened for antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Escherichia coli as well as the cytotoxic effects against three cancer cell lines (A549, Hela, and HepG2).

Graphical Abstract
The Impact of HIP Process and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Behaviour of an Al–Si–Mg Alloy Component
Authors: Bogdanoff Toni , Ghassemali Ehsan , Jarfors Anders E. W. , Seifeddine Salem
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIPping) on the static and fatigue properties of sand-casting A356 aluminium alloys. HIPping is a method to improve the fatigue properties in aluminium cast material by reducing or eliminating the inner porosities. Investigation of the complex interaction between the microstructural features on mechanical properties before and after the HIPping process was examined using computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Castings generally contain pores and defects that have a detrimental impact on the fatigue properties. The HIPping process closes the porosities in all investigated samples with an increase in density. Without significant defects, the mechanical performance improved in the finer microstructure. However, a considerable variation in the results was found between the different conditions, whereas the coarser microstructure with larger porosities before HIPping showed remarkably reduced results. The high-cycle fatigue-tested samples showed reduced fatigue propagation zone in the coarser microstructure. Moreover, large cleavage areas containing bifilms in the fracture surfaces indicate that the healing process of porosities is inefficient. These porosities are closed but not healed, resulting in a detrimental effect on the static and dynamic properties.
Care4Parents: An Evaluation of an Online Mindful Parenting Program for Caregivers of Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Swanson Sascha E. , Duijff Sasja N. , Campbell Linda E.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Parenting a child with special healthcare needs is associated with significant caregiver stress. Previous research has found that parenting stress and mental health impact outcomes for children with chronic illnesses. Despite this, the importance of managing parents’ stress is often overlooked in the management of chronic health conditions, such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The objective of this study was to investigate the acceptability of the mindful parenting program, Care4Parents.

Methods

This study was designed as a non-randomised pilot study evaluating the acceptability of an online mindful parenting program Care4Parents, specifically designed for those parenting a child with special health care needs, including medical complexity. There were 20 participants recruited to take part, which involved attending eight online weekly group sessions for 2 h, with a follow-up after 2 months and practice exercises between sessions. Interviews were conducted with 12 participants after the completion of the program. Using attendance data and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, the study aimed to determine if the online program Care4Parents would be experienced by participants as acceptable.

Results

Results indicate preliminary evidence of acceptability, with adequate retention and themes emerging from interviews highlighting the appropriateness of content, delivery, and perceived benefits, including personal growth, peer support, and enhanced coping. ‘Barriers to engagement’ was also a theme, and adjustments were discussed based on participant feedback to further enhance the program.

Conclusions

The analysis of the data indicates that the program was deemed acceptable to participants, therefore warranting further research using quantitative measures to confirm findings and investigate effectiveness.
Workforce Development and Training Needs for Behavioral Health Telehealth Use in the Post COVID-19 Era
Authors: Fleddermann Kathryn , Chwastiak Lydia , Fortier Ashley , Gotham Heather , Murphy Ann , Navarro Rachel , Tapscott Stephanie , Vjorn Olivia , Molfenter Todd
Published: January 2024

Temporary regulatory changes early in the COVID-19 pandemic facilitated telehealth use, but with an increased return to in-person care in some settings, understanding provider attitudes about the practice and benefits of telehealth may help to inform policy and practice. This mixed methods study seeks to identify areas of training needed for effective telehealth provision in this new era. An online survey was distributed by five Mental Health Technology Transfer Center (MHTTC) regional service centers, which provide workforce capacity-building training and technical assistance, and the MHTTC Network Coordinating Office’s national listserv. Three hundred and sixty-five respondents from 43 states and Puerto Rico participated. The majority of respondents were clinical providers (69.3%). Eighty-five percent of respondents indicated they provided at least one telehealth service. Most indicated telehealth has improved their organizations’ ability to meet patient needs and increased access for underserved populations but suggested significant needs for continued training on telehealth use. These needs were consistent across organization locations and provider types. Qualitative analysis of free response questions identified key areas for ongoing training, including administrative topics (e.g., billing, documentation); integration of telehealth with existing systems; telehealth use with specific populations, especially children; and methods to increase access to technology for less-connected populations. Despite many providers receiving exposure to telehealth use during COVID-19, training in telehealth administration is still needed and may better serve those in certain roles and areas. While ongoing training may effectively address many needs identified, other significant concerns facing behavioral health providers may not be easily addressed via training (e.g., increasing technology access) and may require other approaches to facilitate the continued use of telehealth.
Joint Modelling of Latent Cognitive Mechanisms Shared Across Decision-Making Domains
Authors: Stevenson Niek , Innes Reilly J. , Boag Russell J. , Miletić Steven , Isherwood Scott J. S. , Trutti Anne C. , Heathcote Andrew , Forstmann Birte U.
Published: January 2024

Decision-making behavior is often understood using the framework of evidence accumulation models (EAMs). Nowadays, EAMs are applied to various domains of decision-making with the underlying assumption that the latent cognitive constructs proposed by EAMs are consistent across these domains. In this study, we investigate both the extent to which the parameters of EAMs are related between four different decision-making domains and across different time points. To that end, we make use of the novel joint modelling approach, that explicitly includes relationships between parameters, such as covariances or underlying factors, in one combined joint model. Consequently, this joint model also accounts for measurement error and uncertainty within the estimation of these relations. We found that EAM parameters were consistent between time points on three of the four decision-making tasks. For our between-task analysis, we constructed a joint model with a factor analysis on the parameters of the different tasks. Our two-factor joint model indicated that information processing ability was related between the different decision-making domains. However, other cognitive constructs such as the degree of response caution and urgency were only comparable on some domains.
Adaptive key partitioning in distributed stream processing
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Zeting , Zhou Amelie Chi , Mao Rui
Published: January 2024

In stream processing systems, Key Grouping is a commonly employed partitioning scheme for distributing input tuples among parallel instances of stateful operators. With key grouping, tuples shared public keys in the stream are designated to the specific instance responsible for that key. Typically, the implementation of key grouping involves the use of a hash function. While it is convenient and deterministic, it is also known to cause load imbalance between parallel instances, especially in the presence of skewed data streams. Key-Splitting is an effective technique that distributes tasks associated with keys to downstream operators, facilitating load balancing at a relatively low cost. However, overly increasing parallel instances can lead to excessive aggregation costs, becoming a system bottleneck. In this paper, we show the high aggregation cost brought by the Key-Splitting partitioner at different levels of key separation. To address this challenge, we introduce an adaptive Key-Splitting method which controlling the degree of key separation. We propose a partitioner named FlexD, which aims to achieve dynamic adaptation of key separation limits for streaming data. The partitioner employs key grouping to distribute rare keys and dynamic expansion of processing instances to distribute hot keys. We implemented our method on Apache Storm and evaluated it by using real-world and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that our method achieves a good balance between load balancing and aggregation cost. Moreover, it outperforms existing methods, achieving higher throughput.
The racial disparity in the Major League Baseball draft, 1965–2001
Authors: Niven David
Published: January 2024

Racism has been a central element in the history of Major League Baseball. And yet, there is an incredibly rich history of African American baseball in the United States encompassing the Negro Leagues and the celebrated era when rigid racial exclusions from Major League Baseball finally fell giving way in quick succession to the transformative arrival of Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays and Henry Aaron. African American participation on Major League Baseball rosters grew steadily in the decades after Jackie Robinson’s debut, but African American representation in Major League Baseball has precipitously declined in recent years. Within that context, this study explores whether African Americans have been subject to disparate treatment in the Major League Baseball draft. An analysis of more than 9000 selections in the Major League Baseball draft from 1965 to 2001 reveals a significant disparity based on race. Relative to White players, African American players were undervalued in the draft. This disparity is not rooted in the drafts of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Instead, major league teams began significantly undervaluing African American prospects in the 1990s. The implications of this pattern are particularly notable given baseball’s recent decision to shrink the draft to 20 rounds.
Studies on electromagnetic dipole responses of atomic nuclei at RCNP
Authors: Tamii Atsushi , Kobayashi Nobuyuki
Published: January 2024

Electric dipole (E1) and spin-magnetic dipole (spin-M1) responses of nuclei have been studied by proton inelastic scattering experiments at forward angles, including zero degrees, at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) by employing a proton beam 295 or 392 MeV and the high-resolution magnetic spectrometer Grand Raiden. The E1 response of nuclei is the most fundamental nuclear response to the external field and is relevant to photo-nuclear reactions. After introducing the relevant nuclear matrix elements and the experimental methods, several recent experimental works are highlighted that include (E1) polarizability and the extraction of the symmetry energy parameters, pygmy dipole resonance, gamma-coincidence measurements, isoscalar and isovector spin-M1 excitations and the np spin correlation in the ground state, and gamma-emission probability for neutral current neutrino detection. A project, PANDORA, is introduced that aims at a systematic study of photo-nuclear reactions and decay branching ratios for light nuclei.
3D micro printed capillary electrospray thruster with a fully modular integrated extraction electrode
Authors: Kunze Fynn L. , Henning Torsten , Klar Peter J.
Published: January 2024

An internally wetted capillary-type electrospray thruster design is presented. The capillary emitters are optimized for fabrication using 3D micro lithography and can achieve sub 10-micrometer capillary diameters with an aspect ratio of over 20. Also provided is a design for a completely modular integrated extraction electrode that comprises an electrode carrier produced by 3D micro lithography and a thin metal film. The electrode orifices, distance to emitters, and size are all customizable thanks to the modularity of the design, which is compatible with any electrospray thruster type. The design provides alignment precision within 5 micrometers of the emitter tip and electrode orifice. While our new electrode achieved reproducible extraction, instability is still present. The data on emission from these emitter-electrode stacks is presented, as well as in situ microscopic optical observation of individual emitters. The images demonstrate emission in multiple extraction modes, microfluidic behaviour of the capillaries in space-like conditions, and interactions of the emission modes with the integrated electrode.
A Maritime Vietnam
Authors: Li Tana
Published: January 2024

Despite its 3,000 kilometre coastline, few people see Vietnam as a maritime country. Here Li Tana presents a powerful new argument about Vietnamese history: that key political changes resulted from the impact, economic and otherwise, of the sea. This is a finely layered account covering the two millennia before colonisation that radically restructures how we understand the role of the maritime and trans-regional in Vietnam's early history. Drawing on exhaustive research of Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese sources, Li reveals that it is only when viewed against the background of the sea that Vietnam's past can be properly understood. In contrast to traditional perceptions of an inward-looking society dominated by Chinese cultural influence, Vietnam was shaped by dynamic littoral economic and cultural contact.
Fish's Clinical Psychopathology
Authors: Casey Patricia , Kelly Brendan
Published: January 2024

Psychopathology lies at the centre of effective psychiatric practice and mental health care. Fish's Clinical Psychopathology has shaped the training and clinical practice of generations of psychiatrists. The fifth edition of this modern classic presents the clinical descriptions and psychopathological insights for which this text is renowned, and adds suggested questions to assist with eliciting key symptoms. It also covers recent revisions of diagnostic classification systems, including the World Health Organization's ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases. Clear and readable, this new edition provides concise descriptions of the signs and symptoms of mental illness and astute accounts of the varied manifestations of disordered psychological function. Designed for use in clinical practice, this is an essential text for students of medicine, trainees in psychiatry, and practising psychiatrists. It is also useful for psychiatric nurses, mental health social workers, clinical psychologists, and anyone engaged in the expanding field of mental health care.
Gas and Steam Turbine Power Plants
Authors: Gülen S. Can
Published: January 2024

Explore sustainable electric power generation technology, from first principles to cutting-edge systems, in this in-depth resource. Including energy storage, carbon capture, hydrogen and hybrid systems, the detailed coverage includes performance estimation, operability concerns, economic trade-off and other intricate analyses, supported by implementable formulae, real-world data and tried-and-tested quantitative and qualitative estimating techniques. Starting from basic concepts and key equipment, this book builds to precise analysis of balance of plant operation through data and methods gained from decades of hands-on design, testing, operation and trouble-shooting. Gain the knowledge you need to operate in conditions beyond standard settings and environment, with thorough descriptions of off-design operations. Novel technologies become accessible with stripped-back descriptions and physics-based calculations. This book is an ideal companion for engineers in the gas turbine and electric power field.
Perceived and Received Support by Academic Medicine Faculty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Ferber Megan Ferriby , Chen Tina , McHowat Jane , Charney Rachel L. , Bitter Cindy C.
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted healthcare worker well-being, leading to increased burnout and decreased workplace engagement. To combat expected stressors from the pandemic, our mid-sized academic health center implemented numerous institutional support, such as town halls, and virtual support groups. This study aimed to evaluate faculty utilization of institutional support, its association with perceived organizational support, received organizational support, and burnout.

Methods:

A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was distributed to 630 faculty employed at our institution in September 2020, assessing participant demographics, institutional support utilized, perceived organizational support, and burnout, through a combination of self-report measures and qualitative responses.

Results:

A total of 79 (12.5%) faculty provided complete responses and were included in the analysis. Qualitative analysis identified 4 primary themes: (1) flexibility and adjusted expectations, (2) direct communication, (3) sense of community, and (4) no support felt, with additional subthemes within each larger theme. Increased utilization of institutional support was associated with decreased odds of experiencing burnout.

Conclusion:

Flexibility, communication, and sense of community emerged as important strategies for maintaining faculty well-being and engagement during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests that utilization of workplace support is protective against burnout. Perceived support was not beneficial.
Mapping out a One Health model of antimicrobial resistance in the context of the Swedish food system: a literature scan
Authors: Cousins Melanie , Parmley E. Jane , Greer Amy L. , Neiterman Elena , Lambraki Irene A. , Vanderheyden Matthew N. , Wernli Didier , Jorgensen Peter Søgaard , Carson Carolee A. , Majowicz Shannon E.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes worsening health, environmental, and financial burdens. Modelling complex issues such as AMR is important, however, how well such models and data cover the broader One Health system is unknown. Our study aimed to identify models of AMR across the One Health system (objective 1), and data to parameterize such models (objective 2) to inform a future model of the AMR in the Swedish One Health system. Based on an expert-derived qualitative description of the system, an extensive literature scan was performed to identify models and data from peer-reviewed and grey literature sources. Models and data were extracted, categorized in an Excel database, and visually represented on the existing qualitative model to illustrate coverage. The articles identidied described 106 models in various parts of the One Health system; 54 were AMR-specific. Few multi-level, multi-sector models, and models within the animal and environmental sectors, were identified. We identified 414 articles containing data to parameterize the models. Data gaps included the environment and broad, ill-defined, or abstract ideas (e.g., human behaviour). In conclusion, no models addressed the entire system, and many data gaps were found. Existing models could be integrated into a mixed-methods model in the interim.
An Awkward Predicament: “The German Man” and Feminized Modernity in the 1840s
Authors: Kojman Tamar
Published: January 2024

This article examines self-disparaging representations of “the German man” in humorous middle-class visual and textual publications of the 1840s. Considering contemporary notions of German national character and the emergence of contradictory masculine ideals, the analysis traces the dual representation of the German man as either an emasculated philistine or a hypermasculine quixotic hero. Based on this analysis, it argues that just as a German national movement was acquiring unprecedented political potency, a highly gendered sense of German national ineptness was widespread among the German bourgeoisie. Both the philistine and the quixotic German were cast as inadequate in the face of a corruptive, feminized modernity that was unfairly advantageous to the French. These findings underscore how gender and national stereotypes in nineteenth-century Germany were mutually destabilizing and repeatedly negotiated, profoundly shaping contemporaries’ understanding of the world changing around them.
Food portion sizes: trends and drivers in an obesogenic environment
Authors: Papagiannaki Maria , Kerr Maeve A.
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults has increased worldwide. A strong environmental factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is food portion size (PS). This review evaluates the current evidence linking food PS to obesity, examines the effects of PS on energy intake (EI), and discusses the drivers of food PS selection. The leading causes of the rise in PS include globalisation, intensive farming methods, the impact of World War II, due to shortage of staple foods, and the notion of ‘waste not, want not’. Large PS of energy-dense foods may stimulate overconsumption, leading to high EI levels. However, the studies have not shown a cause-and-effect relationship, due to confounding factors. Important mechanisms explaining the attractiveness of larger PS leading to higher EI levels are value for money, portion distortion, labels on food packaging, and tableware. Consumers depend on external rather than internal PS cues to guide consumption, irrespective of satiety levels. Further research is recommended on food consumption patterns to inform policymakers and provide information and insights about changes in diet.
Temporal Error Correlations in a Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Model Derived by Comparison to Carbon Dioxide Eddy Covariance Flux Tower Measurements
Authors: Wesloh Daniel , Keller Klaus , Feng Sha , Lauvaux Thomas , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: January 2024

Atmospheric CO2 flux inversions require as input an estimate of spatial and temporal correlations of errors in their estimate of the prior mean. Some previous studies have used the differences in CO2 daily average flux estimates produced by terrestrial carbon cycle models and eddy covariance measurements to constrain the flux error correlations. Since inversions are starting to resolve the daily cycle, we set out to examine the correlations at sub‐daily time scales, as well as the correlations across years. To this end, we examine the autocorrelations in the difference between net ecosystem‐atmosphere exchange measurements from 75 AmeriFlux towers and temporally downscaled high‐spatial‐resolution flux estimates from the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach (CASA) terrestrial carbon cycle model. We find that the daily cycle is prominent in these hourly autocorrelations and that these autocorrelations persist across years. We propose a family of functions to model these temporal correlations in atmospheric inversions, and use cross validation to determine which of the correlation functions best fits autocorrelation data from towers not in the training set. Correlation functions with a component that attempts to model the daily cycle in the differences match correlations from other towers better than those without. Those models that reproduce the same correlation structures at 1‐year intervals while modulating the amplitudes of the correlations between those intervals improve the fit still further.
Popocat�petl’s Wake-Up Call: Transforming Volcanology in Mexico
Authors: Gonz�lez Roberto
Published: January 2024

The 1994 eruption of “Don Goyo” in central Mexico accelerated an academic interest in volcanology.
Palmitate induces integrated stress response and lipoapoptosis in trophoblasts
Authors: Sahoo Prakash Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Chandan , Wood Jennifer R. , Hanson Corrine , Anderson-Berry Ann , Mott Justin L. , Natarajan Sathish Kumar
Published: January 2024

Maternal obesity increases the risk of childhood obesity and programs the offspring to develop metabolic syndrome later in their life. Palmitate is the predominant saturated free fatty acid (FFA) that is transported across the placenta to the fetus. We have recently shown that saturated FFA in the maternal circulation as a result of increased adipose tissue lipolysis in third trimester of pregnancy induces trophoblast lipoapoptosis. Here, we hypothesized that palmitate induces integrated stress response by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and granular stress and lipoapoptosis in trophoblasts. Choriocarcinoma-derived third-trimester placental trophoblast-like cells (JEG-3 and JAR) referred as trophoblasts were exposed to various concentrations of palmitate (PA). Apoptosis was assessed by nuclear morphological changes and caspase 3/7 activity. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis was performed to measure the activation of MAPKs, ER stress and granular stress response pathways. Trophoblasts exposed to pathophysiological concentrations of PA showed a concentration-dependent increase in trophoblast lipoapoptosis. PA induces a caspase-dependent trophoblast lipoapoptosis. Further, PA induces MAPK activation (JNK and ERK) via phosphorylation, and activation of ER stress as evidenced by an increased phosphorylation eIF2α & IRE1α. PA also induces the activation of stress granules formation. Two pro-apoptotic transcriptional mediators of PA-induced trophoblast lipoapoptosis, CHOP and FoxO3 have increased nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, PA-induced JNK is critical for trophoblast lipoapoptosis. However, PA-induced activation of ERK and stress granule formation were shown to be cell survival signals to combat subcellular stress due to PA exposure. In conclusion, PA induces the activation of integrated stress responses, among which small molecule inhibition of JNK demonstrated that activation of JNK is critical for PA-induced trophoblast lipoapoptosis and small molecule activation of stress granule formation significantly prevents PA-induced trophoblast lipoapoptosis.
A new advanced cellular model of functional cholinergic-like neurons developed by reprogramming the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: D’Aloia Alessia , Pastori Valentina , Blasa Stefania , Campioni Gloria , Peri Francesco , Sacco Elena , Ceriani Michela , Lecchi Marzia , Costa Barbara
Published: January 2024

Modeling human neuronal properties in physiological and pathological conditions is essential to identify novel potential drugs and to explore pathological mechanisms of neurological diseases. For this purpose, we generated a three-dimensional (3D) neuronal culture, by employing the readily available human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, and a new differentiation protocol. The entire differentiation process occurred in a matrix and lasted 47 days, with 7 days of pre-differentiation phase and 40 days of differentiation, and allowed the development of a 3D culture in conditions consistent with the physiological environment. Neurons in the culture were electrically active, were able to establish functional networks, and showed features of cholinergic neurons. Hence here we provide an easily accessible, reproducible, and suitable culture method that might empower studies on synaptic function, vesicle trafficking, and metabolism, which sustain neuronal activity and cerebral circuits. Moreover, this novel differentiation protocol could represent a promising cellular tool to study physiological cellular processes, such as migration, differentiation, maturation, and to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Self-assembled dendrimer polyamide nanofilms with enhanced effective pore area for ion separation
Authors: Yuan Bingbing , Zhang Yuhang , Qi Pengfei , Yang Dongxiao , Hu Ping , Zhao Siheng , Zhang Kaili , Zhang Xiaozhuan , You Meng , Cui Jiabao , Jiang Juhui , Lou Xiangdong , Niu Q. Jason
Published: January 2024

Membrane technology using well-defined pore structure can achieve high ion purity and recovery. However, fine-tuning the inner pore structure of the separation nanofilm to be uniform and enhance the effective pore area is still challenging. Here, we report dendrimers with different peripheral groups that preferentially self-assemble in aqueous-phase amine solution to facilitate the formation of polyamide nanofilms with a well-defined effective pore range and uniform pore structure. The high permeabilities are maintained by forming asymmetric hollow nanostripe nanofilms, and their well-designed ion effective separation pore ranges show an enhancement, rationalized by molecular simulation. The self-assembled dendrimer polyamide membrane provides Cl–/SO42– selectivity more than 17 times that of its pristine polyamide counterparts, increasing from 167.9 to 2883.0. Furthermore, the designed membranes achieve higher Li purity and Li recovery compared to current state-of-the-art membranes. Such an approach provides a scalable strategy to fine-tune subnanometre structures in ion separation nanofilms.
In vivo assembly enhanced binding effect augments tumor specific ferroptosis therapy
Authors: Hou Da-Yong , Cheng Dong-Bing , Zhang Ni-Yuan , Wang Zhi-Jia , Hu Xing-Jie , Li Xin , Lv Mei-Yu , Li Xiang-Peng , Jian Ling-Rui , Ma Jin-Peng , Sun Taolei , Qiao Zeng-Ying , Xu Wanhai , Wang Hao
Published: January 2024

Emerging evidence indicates that the activation of ferroptosis by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitors may be a prominent therapeutic strategy for tumor suppression. However, the wide application of GPX4 inhibitors in tumor therapy is hampered due to poor tumor delivery efficacy and the nonspecific activation of ferroptosis. Taking advantage of in vivo self-assembly, we develop a peptide-ferriporphyrin conjugate with tumor microenvironment specific activation to improve tumor penetration, endocytosis and GPX4 inhibition, ultimately enhancing its anticancer activity via ferroptosis. Briefly, a GPX4 inhibitory peptide is conjugated with an assembled peptide linker decorated with a pH-sensitive moiety and ferriporphyrin to produce the peptide-ferriporphyrin conjugate (Gi-F-CAA). Under the acidic microenvironment of the tumor, the Gi-F-CAA self-assembles into large nanoparticles (Gi-F) due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction after hydrolysis of CAA, improving tumor endocytosis efficiency. Importantly, Gi-F exhibits substantial inhibition of GPX4 activity by assembly enhanced binding (AEB) effect, augmenting the oxidative stress of ferriporphyrin-based Fenton reaction, ultimately enabling antitumor properties in multiple tumor models. Our findings suggest that this peptide-ferriporphyrin conjugate design with AEB effect can improve the therapeutic effect via induction of ferroptosis, providing an alternative strategy for overcoming chemoresistance.
Autonomous artificial intelligence increases screening and follow-up for diabetic retinopathy in youth: the ACCESS randomized control trial
Authors: Wolf Risa M. , Channa Roomasa , Liu T. Y. Alvin , Zehra Anum , Bromberger Lee , Patel Dhruva , Ananthakrishnan Ajaykarthik , Brown Elizabeth A. , Prichett Laura , Lehmann Harold P. , Abramoff Michael D.
Published: January 2024

Diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with screening and early detection. We hypothesized that autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) diabetic eye exams at the point-of-care would increase diabetic eye exam completion rates in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population. AI for Children’s diabetiC Eye ExamS (NCT05131451) is a parallel randomized controlled trial that randomized youth (ages 8-21 years) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to intervention (autonomous artificial intelligence diabetic eye exam at the point of care), or control (scripted eye care provider referral and education) in an academic pediatric diabetes center. The primary outcome was diabetic eye exam completion rate within 6 months. The secondary outcome was the proportion of participants who completed follow-through with an eye care provider if deemed appropriate. Diabetic eye exam completion rate was significantly higher (100%, 95%CI: 95.5%, 100%) in the intervention group (n = 81) than the control group (n = 83) (22%, 95%CI: 14.2%, 32.4%)(p < 0.001). In the intervention arm, 25/81 participants had an abnormal result, of whom 64% (16/25) completed follow-through with an eye care provider, compared to 22% in the control arm (p < 0.001). Autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion rates in youth with diabetes.
Low-temperature grapho-epitaxial La-substituted BiFeO3 on metallic perovskite
Authors: Husain Sajid , Harris Isaac , Gao Guanhui , Li Xinyan , Meisenheimer Peter , Shi Chuqiao , Kavle Pravin , Choi Chi Hun , Kim Tae Yeon , Kang Deokyoung , Behera Piush , Perrodin Didier , Guo Hua , M. Tour James , Han Yimo , Martin Lane W. , Yao Zhi , Ramesh Ramamoorthy
Published: January 2024

Bismuth ferrite has garnered considerable attention as a promising candidate for magnetoelectric spin-orbit coupled logic-in-memory. As model systems, epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films have typically been deposited at relatively high temperatures (650–800 °C), higher than allowed for direct integration with silicon-CMOS platforms. Here, we circumvent this problem by growing lanthanum-substituted BiFeO3 at 450 °C (which is reasonably compatible with silicon-CMOS integration) on epitaxial BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 electrodes. Notwithstanding the large lattice mismatch between the La-BiFeO3, BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3, and SrTiO3 (001) substrates, all the layers in the heterostructures are well ordered with a [001] texture. Polarization mapping using atomic resolution STEM imaging and vector mapping established the short-range polarization ordering in the low temperature grown La-BiFeO3. Current-voltage, pulsed-switching, fatigue, and retention measurements follow the characteristic behavior of high-temperature grown La-BiFeO3, where SrRuO3 typically serves as the metallic electrode. These results provide a possible route for realizing epitaxial multiferroics on complex-oxide buffer layers at low temperatures and opens the door for potential silicon-CMOS integration.
A transcriptome based molecular classification scheme for cholangiocarcinoma and subtype-derived prognostic biomarker
Authors: Fan Zhongqi , Zou Xinchen , Wang Guangyi , Liu Yahui , Jiang Yanfang , Wang Haoyan , Zhang Ping , Wei Feng , Du Xiaohong , Wang Meng , Sun Xiaodong , Ji Bai , Hu Xintong , Chen Liguo , Zhou Peiwen , Wang Duo , Bai Jing , Xiao Xiao , Zuo Lijiao , Xia Xuefeng , Yi Xin , Lv Guoyue
Published: January 2024

Previous studies on the molecular classification of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) focused on certain anatomical sites, and disregarded tissue contamination biases in transcriptomic profiles. We aim to provide universal molecular classification scheme and prognostic biomarker of CCAs across anatomical locations. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis is performed on transcriptomic data from 438 CCA cases across various anatomical locations. After excluding CCA tumors showing normal tissue expression patterns, we identify two universal molecular subtypes across anatomical subtypes, explore the molecular, clinical, and microenvironmental features of each class. Subsequently, a 30-gene classifier and a biomarker (called “CORE-37”) are developed to predict the molecular subtype of CCA and prognosis, respectively. Two subtypes display distinct molecular characteristics and survival outcomes. Key findings are validated in external cohorts regardless of the stage and anatomical location. Our study provides a CCA classification scheme that complements the conventional anatomy-based classification and presents a promising prognostic biomarker for clinical application.