bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need for Higher Education in Cyber Supply Chain Security and Hardware Assurance
Authors: Cohen Brian , Albert Michelle G. , McDaniel Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2019

Higher education curricula, specialized degrees, and certificate programs related to cybersecurity are proliferating in response to student demand; faculty interest and expertise; employer demand; government and industry standards and funding; and the expectations of specialized, state, or regional accrediting agencies. These expanding academic programs, however, do not adequately address supply chain threats that affect national security. The authors assert that cyber supply chain risk management (C-SCRM), with a focus on hardware assurance, should be considered a critical aspect of cybersecurity and be included in higher education curricula to prepare the future cyber workforce to face challenges related to supply chain security and hardware assurance.
Evaluation of Dynamic Analysis Tools for Software Security
Authors: Lescisin Michael , Mahmoud Qusay H.
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the development of secure software by means of dynamic analysis tools. A secure software-based system should have security checks and balances integrated throughout its entire development lifecycle, including its deployment phase. Therefore, this article covers both using software security tools for testing code in development as well as monitoring code in deployment to ensure that it is operating securely. The security issues discussed in this article will be split into two categories – memory safety issues and input validation issues. Memory safety issues concern problems of unauthorized memory access such as buffer overflows, stack overflows, use-after-free, double-free, memory leaks, etc. Although not strictly a memory safety issue, concurrency issues, such as data races, will be considered as memory safety issues in this article. Input validation issues concern problems where untrusted input is directly passed to handlers which are designed to handle both data and commands. Examples of this include path traversal, SQL injection, command injection, JavaScript/HTML injection, etc. As a result of this significant difference between these two types of security vulnerabilities, two sets of tools are evaluated with one set focusing on memory safety issues and the other on input validation issues. This article explores the benefits and limitations of current software dynamic analysis tools by evaluating them against both the authors test cases as well as the OWASP Benchmark for Security Automation and proposes solutions for implementing secure software applications.
Driving Success in e-Learning Portals
Authors: Vivekananthamoorthy N. , Venkata Subramanian D.
Published: January 2019

Technological advancements are triggering disruptive inventions in the teaching and learning process. The introduction of massive online courses offers students many opportunities to enroll in any course they choose, transcending geographical barriers. However, online learning puts responsibility for learning on the learners and lack faculty-student and peer-peer direct interactions. The instructor's role also must be redefined to provide support and collaboration in the online environment. Recent research reports poor student retention and completion rates in such courses and there is a lack of effective frameworks and gap in research related to identifying key factors and finding solutions to these problems. A multi-faculty e-learning framework is proposed based on a theoretical model highlighting important factors to address these problems. Experimental results of an ANOVA analysis done on student performance data collected in a multi-faculty setup provided empirical evidence for its effectiveness in improving the student learning outcomes.
Online Participatory Learning for Low-Qualified Adult Learners
Authors: Marzano Gilberto , Siguencia Luis Ochoa
Published: January 2019

Participatory learning and online learning are increasingly appealing as educational approaches which can positively affect learners. Participatory learning engages students as active participants in the full educational programme, including homework and exercises, whilst online learning offers tools that facilitate learners' collaboration and peer evaluation, minimising student and instructor overhead in the conduction of courses. This article reports on EScAlADE, a two-year EU-funded project initiated at the end of 2015, which focuses on the education of low-skilled adults through participatory online non-formal and informal learning. This article presents and discusses the first phase of the EScAlADE project. Indeed, although their project is still in progress, the authors decided to report on the survey they made at the beginning of the project as well as on a collaborative training event that took place in the intermediate project phase, since a few interesting findings have emerged from them.
An unexpected complication of a percutaneous coronary angioplasty
Authors: Monzo Luca , Cocco Nino , Calò Leonardo
Published: January 2019

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transient ventricular dysfunction, classically in its apical and mid segments, in the absence of coronary lesions, and is often observed after intense stressful events and occasionally associated to an acute medical illness. We describe a case of TCM associated with coronary artery disease and triggered by a percutaneous coronary angioplasty. This case highlights the concept that a medical procedure can lead, in certain conditions, to TCM and provides new interesting insights on the pathophysiology of coronary syndromes.
Transformative joy in Qohelet: A thread that faintly glistens
Authors: Steenkamp-Nel Annalie E.
Published: January 2019

Qohelet prompted a rich body of work reflecting the breadth of the Old Testament book’s appeal. Few, however, interpret Qohelet’s spiritual dimension, incarnated in life. I will opt to offer an overarching framework that holds the book together and that was until now absent in the discourse on Qohelet. It will be argued that spiritual transformation provides a fruitful theoretical framework for Qohelet. I will indicate that Qohelet undertook a spiritual journey in which his experiences fostered profound spiritual transformation, and ultimately a new paradigm leapfrogging old spiritual infrastructure and choices. The framework that evolved from this effort delineates four phases, stages or movements. In order to provide clarity and enhance understanding of this concept, the analysis will be done on the basis of the leitwort (or keyword) ‘joy’. The findings point to the importance of spiritual transformation, directing readers towards a new spirituality. The article concludes with suggestions on future directions regarding Qohelet as a ‘bridge book’ to the New Testament.
Small, medium and micro-enterprises’ distress and factual evaluation of rescue feasibility
Authors: Du Toit Andria C. , Pretorius Marius , Rosslyn-Smith Wesley
Published: January 2019

Background: Entrepreneurs often face distress in their businesses; as one way to address it, they can file for business rescue. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 requires the appointed business rescue practitioner (BRP) to place before the court facts proving ‘reasonable prospect’. This often seems determined mainly by the subjective opinion of practitioners, who rely on their experience and knowledge in rescue and business management. This appears to be in direct contrast to the requirements for factual evidence set out by several court judgements. There are many questions surrounding the determination of reasonable prospect, as there seems to be no benchmark for entrepreneurs and BRPs to work towards or a prescribed process to be followed.Aim: This article investigates different methods of factually determining reasonable prospect and guiding the decision-making process during the pre-filing and initial stages of the rescue of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs).Setting: The study was conducted using South African case law and financial models relevant to SMMEs in South Africa.Methods: Qualitative analysis of existing financial models and case law to better understand how BRPs determine initial reasonable prospect when working with SMMEs.Results: The research report methods of determining financial distress and decline within the relevant case law.Conclusion: Reasonable prospect relies heavily on experience and opinion. Factually proving reasonable prospect remains problematic because of information asymmetry and the lack of data integrity. Affected parties (including entrepreneurs) could benefit from the insights obtained in this study. Identifying methods that could assist with the factual determination of reasonable prospect could contribute to entrepreneurial education, as well as address the current conflict that surrounds the subject.
Вещественные куммеровы поверхности
Authors: Krasnov Vyacheslav Alekseevich
Published: January 2019

Работа посвящена деформационной классификации произвольных вещественных куммеровых поверхностей, вещественных куммеровых поверхностей якобианов вещественных кривых рода 2, а также жесткой изотопической классификации вещественных куммеровых квартик.
Библиография: 32 наименования.
Основные классы инвариантных банаховых пределов
Authors: Semenov Evgenii Mikhailovich , Sukochev Fedor Anatol'evich , Usachev Alexandr
Published: January 2019

В настоящей работе изучаются функциональные характеристики и крайние точки множества банаховых пределов на пространстве ограниченных последовательностей. Также рассматриваются банаховы пределы с дополнительными свойствами инвариантности: относительно оператора растяжения и оператора Чезаро.
Библиография: 35 наименований.
Интегро-локальная ЦПТ для сумм независимых нерешетчатых случайных векторов
Authors: Rozovskii Leonid Victorovich
Published: January 2019

Уточнен ряд результатов в интегро-локальной центральной предельной теореме в случае сумм независимых нерешетчатых случайных векторов.
A Novel Assay for Simultaneous Assessment of Mammalian Host Blood, Mosquito Species, and Plasmodium spp. in the Medically Important Anopheles Mosquitoes of Madagascar
Authors: Tedrow Riley E. , Ratovonjato Jocelyn , Walker Edward D. , Ratsimbasoa Arsene C. , Zimmerman Peter A.
Published: January 2019

Anopheles mosquitoes vary in habitat preference, feeding pattern, and susceptibility to various measures of vector control. Consequently, it is important that we identify reservoirs of disease, identify vectors, and characterize feeding patterns to effectively implement targeted control measures. Using 467 anopheline mosquito abdomen squashes captured in Madagascar, we designed a novel ligase detection reaction and fluorescent microsphere assay, dubbed Bloodmeal Detection Assay for Regional Transmission (BLOODART), to query the bloodmeal content, identify five Anopheles mosquito species, and detect Plasmodium infection. Validation of mammalian bloodspots was achieved by preparation and analysis of known hosts (singular and mixed), sensitivity to degradation and storage method were assessed through mosquito feeding experiments, and quantification was explored by altering ratios of two mammal hosts. BLOODART identifications were validated by comparison with mosquito samples identified by sequenced portions of the internal transcribed spacer 2. BLOODART identification of control mammal bloodspots was 100% concordant for singular and mixed mammalian blood. BLOODART was able to detect hosts up to 42 hours after digestion when mosquito samples were stored in ethanol. A mammalian host was identified in every field-collected, blood-fed female Anopheles mosquito by BLOODART. The predominant mosquito host was cow (n = 451), followed by pig (n = 26) and human (n = 25). Mixed species bloodmeals were commonly observed (n = 33). A BLOODART molecular identification was successful for 318/467 mosquitoes, with an overall concordance of 60% with all field-captured, morphologically identified Anopheles specimens. BLOODART enables characterization of large samples and simultaneous pathogen detection to monitor and incriminate disease vectors in Madagascar.
The Usage of Spatial Deixis in Spoken Language of Santiago de Cuba. The Case of the Demonstrative Adverb Aquí
Authors: Ulloa Casaña Tania
Published: January 2019

The present work describes the discursive use in order to characterize how to use the spatial deictic expression here (aquí) using oral samples collected in the city of Santiago de Cuba. Our interest is aimed at exposing not only how this is a specialized way to designate the region next to the issuer, but how it is also possible to use it in other contexts. The expressed pragmatic content turns its use into a phenomenon of great interest that reflects the relationship between language and context in the very structure of languages.
Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of the Future Tense in the Tragedy A Castro
Authors: Medvedšek Mojca , Müller Pograjc Blažka
Published: January 2019

This article aims to present the characteristics and functioning of the illocutionary acts in the tragedy A Castro by António Ferreira (1528-1569), which are marked as a series of decisions, expressed as predictions of the speaker (the protagonist, Pedro Infante) belonging to the sphere of the future. This future is known, historically proven and represents one of the most astonishing chapters of Portuguese history as well as of literary production. The study focuses on the final monologue of the Act V of the tragedy, which presents a strong dramatic potential, analysing the two sequences of the monologue and highlighting different types of illocutionary acts (Searle, 1979; Gouveia, 1996; Atienza, 2005). The authors pay special attention to the relation of the speaker towards the propositional content and the pragmatic features of the linguistic means, used to persuade the receiver that the speaker’s intentions are firm, certain, and orientated to the future, although not realized within the dramatic time of tragedy.
Diccionario de colombianismos
Authors: Markič Jasmina
Published: January 2019

En abril de 2018 el Instituto Caro y Cuervo, con el apoyo de la Academia Colombiana de la Lengua y del Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia, publica 3000 ejemplares de un ejemplar diccionario de colombianismos titulado Diccionario de Colombianismos (Dicol), que actualmente cuenta ya con una segunda edición. Esta obra continúa la larga y rica tradición lexicográfica del Instituto Caro y Cuervo (ICC) de Bogotá representada por el monumental Diccionario de construcción y régimen de la lengua castellana (1872-1998) iniciado por Rufino José Cuervo y concluido por el ICC, el Atlas Lingüístico-Etnográfico de Colombia (ALEC) (1981-1983), el Nuevo Diccionario de Colombianismos (1993) de Günter Haensch y Reinhold Werner y la labor de numerosos investigadores del Instituto Caro y Cuervo y egresados del seminario Andrés Bello. La realización del diccionario que se llevó a cabo entre 2015 y 2017 fue liderada por las investigadoras en el campo de la lingüística Nancy Rozo Melo (Coordinadora del ICC) y María Clara Henríquez Guarín (Coordinadora Académica).
The Use of Politeness at the Beginning and End of Acceptance Speeches for the Cervantes Prize
Authors: Martín Gascueña Rosa
Published: January 2019

This study focuses on the politeness used in the acceptance speeches of all winners of the Cervantes Prize, since its origins in 1976 until 2017. The objective is to carry out a quantitative and qualitative study to verify if the use of the forms of politeness at the beginning and end of these acceptance discourses is related to some sociolinguistic variables, such as the origin of the author, sex, and ideology, and if diachronic changes have taken place. The research methodology is based on three notions: discourse, courtesy and gender. We start from a pragmatic and interactive approach to discourse, conceived as a linguistic cognitive process and as a social linguistic product (Van Dijk 2012). Regarding politeness from a functional point of view is an individual and group identity strategy, which highlights the social image of a person and reinforces the individual one (Bravo 2004), it is also the backbone of these discourses. They respond to a prototypical model (Bajtin, 1982) of protocolar discourse, written to be read in front of an institutional audience that recognizes its literary and professional value. All these discourses have in common semantic-pragmatic characteristics, although the fact of being elaborated by masters of the language and literature of Spain and Latin America makes them personal, original and unique.
A claims analysis of the utilization of tramadol for acute pain in patients prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder
Authors: Donovan, PharmD, PhD, MHA Kellye , Kogut, PhD, MBA Stephen , Buchanan, DrPH, MS Ashley , Wen, PhD, MPH Xuerong , Crausman, MD, MMS Robert
Published: January 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of tramadol prescribing among commercially insured adults receiving medication-assisted therapy (MAT) with buprenorphine/naloxone.Design: The authors conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to evaluate the use of tramadol among patients prescribed buprenorphine/suboxone for MAT.Setting: This study utilized data from 2010 to 2013 Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart. This cohort is an administrative health claims database from a large national insurer. These data included pharmacy and medical care utilization and information describing patient enrollment.Patients/participants: Patients were 12-64 years of age and had complete and available medical, pharmacy, and administrative records in the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart during the study period.Main outcome measures: Patients who received at least one paid claim for buprenorphine/naloxone from 2010 to 2013 and also received at least one overlapping pharmacy dispensing for tramadol were identified for analysis. The authors determined if the concurrent buprenorphine/naloxone and tramadol dispensings were from the same or a different prescriber.Results: In this analysis of 18,734 US commercially insured patients receiving MAT with buprenorphine/naloxone, the authors identified 1,198 (6.4 percent) patients who received at least one overlapping dispensing for tramadol during a 4-year period spanning 2010-2013. Among these patients, 266 (1.42 percent) were co-prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone and tramadol from the same provider. Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of tramadol among patients receiving buprenorphine/naloxone is not uncommon. Further study is warranted to further determine the benefits and risks associated with the use of tramadol for pain management among patients prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone.
Volume 14, Number 6
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

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Impact of wildfires on particulate matter in the Euro-Mediterranean in 2007: sensitivity to some parameterizations of emissions in air quality models
Authors: Majdi Marwa , Turquety Solene , Sartelet Karine , Legorgeu Carole , Menut Laurent , Kim Youngseob
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study examines the uncertainties on air quality modeling associated with
the integration of wildfire emissions in chemistry-transport models (CTMs).
To do so, aerosol concentrations during the summer of 2007, which was marked
by severe fire episodes in the Euro-Mediterranean region especially in the
Balkans (20–31 July, 24–30 August 2007) and Greece (24–30 August 2007),
are analyzed. Through comparisons to observations from surface networks and
satellite remote sensing, we evaluate the abilities of two CTMs,
Polyphemus/Polair3D and CHIMERE, to simulate the impact of fires on the
regional particulate matter (PM) concentrations and optical properties.
During the two main fire events, fire emissions may contribute up to 90 %
of surface PM2.5 concentrations in the fire regions (Balkans and
Greece), with a significant regional impact associated with long-range
transport. Good general performances of the models and a clear improvement of
PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are shown when fires are taken
into account in the models with high correlation coefficients. Two sources of uncertainties are specifically analyzed in terms of surface PM2.5 concentrations and AOD using
sensitivity simulations: secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from
intermediate and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/S-VOCs) and emissions'
injection heights. The analysis highlights that surface PM2.5
concentrations are highly sensitive to injection heights (with a sensitivity
that can be as high as 50 % compared to the sensitivity to I/S-VOC
emissions which is lower than 30 %). However, AOD which is vertically
integrated is less sensitive to the injection heights (mostly below 20 %)
but highly sensitive to I/S-VOC emissions (with sensitivity that can be as
high as 40 %). The maximum statistical dispersion, which quantifies
uncertainties related to fire emission modeling, is up to 75 % for
PM2.5 in the Balkans and Greece, and varies between 36 % and
45 % for AOD above fire regions. The simulated number of daily exceedance of World Health Organization (WHO)
recommendations for PM2.5 over the considered region reaches 30 days in
regions affected by fires and ∼10 days in fire plumes, which is
slightly underestimated compared to available observations. The maximum
statistical dispersion (σ) on this indicator is also large (with
σ reaching 15 days), showing the need for better understanding of the
transport and evolution of fire plumes in addition to fire emissions.
The post-monsoon carbon biogeochemistry of the Hooghly–Sundarbans estuarine system under different levels of anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Dutta Manab Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Mukherjee Rupa , Sanyal Prasun , Mukhopadhyay Sandip Kumar
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The present study focused on understanding differences in the post-monsoon
carbon (C) biogeochemistry of two adjacent estuaries undergoing different
levels of anthropogenic stresses by investigating anthropogenically
influenced Hooghly estuary and mangrove-dominated estuaries of the Sundarbans
in the north-eastern India. The salinity of well-oxygenated estuaries of the
Sundarbans (DO: 91 %–104 %) varied over a narrow range
(12.74–16.69) relative to the Hooghly estuary (0.04–10.37). A mixing model
suggested a combination of processes including freshwater intrusion,
carbonate precipitation and carbonate dissolution to be a major factor
controlling dissolved inorganic C (DIC) dynamics in the freshwater regime of
the Hooghly, whereas phytoplankton productivity and CO2 outgassing
dominated in the mixing regime. In the Sundarbans, the removal of DIC (via
CO2 outgassing, phytoplankton uptake and export to the adjoining
continental shelf region) dominated
its addition through mineralization of mangrove-derived organic C. The
concentration of dissolved organic C (DOC) in the Hooghly was ∼40 %
higher than in the Sundarbans, which was largely due to the cumulative effect
of anthropogenic inputs, DOC–POC interconversion and groundwater
contribution rather than freshwater-mediated input. The measured δ13CPOC in the Hooghly suggested particulate organic matter
contributions from different sources (freshwater runoff, terrestrial
C3 plants and anthropogenic discharge), whereas the contribution
from C3 plants was dominant at the Sundarbans. The significant
departure of δ13CPOC from typical mangrove
δ13C in the mangrove-dominated Sundarbans suggested
significant particulate organic C (POC) modification due to degradation by
respiration. The average pCO2 in the Hooghly was higher by
∼1291 µatm compared to the Sundarbans with surface runoff and
organic matter degradation by respiration as dominant factors controlling
pCO2 in the Hooghly and Sundarbans, respectively. The entire
Hooghly–Sundarbans system acted as a source of CO2 to the regional
atmosphere with ∼17 times higher emission from the Hooghly compared to
the Sundarbans. Taken together, the cycling of C in estuaries with different
levels of anthropogenic influences is evidently different, with significantly
higher CO2 emission from the anthropogenically influenced estuary
than the mangrove-dominated ones.
Highly branched isoprenoids for Southern Ocean semi-quantitative sea ice reconstructions: a pilot study from the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Vorrath Maria-Elena , Müller Juliane , Esper Oliver , Mollenhauer Gesine , Haas Christian , Schefuß Enno , Fahl Kirsten
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Organic geochemical and micropaleontological analyses of surface sediments collected in the southern Drake Passage and the Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula, enable a proxy-based reconstruction of recent sea ice conditions in this climate sensitive area. The distribution of the sea ice biomarker IPSO25 supports earlier suggestions that the source diatoms seem to be common in near-coastal environments characterized by an annually recurring sea ice cover. We here propose and evaluate the combination of IPSO25 with a more unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid alkene and phytosterols and introduce the PIPSO25 index as a potentially semi-quantitative sea ice proxy. This organic geochemical approach is complemented with diatom data. PIPSO25 sea ice estimates are used to discriminate between areas characterized by permanently ice-free conditions, seasonal sea ice cover and extended sea ice cover. These trends are consistent with satellite sea ice data and winter sea ice concentrations estimated by diatom transfer functions. Minor offsets between proxy-based and satellite-based sea ice data are attributed to the different time intervals recorded within the sediments and the instrumental records from the study area, which experienced rapid environmental changes during the past 100 years.
Lake O'Hara alpine hydrological observatory: hydrological and meteorological dataset, 2004–2017
Authors: He Jesse , Hayashi Masaki
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Lake O'Hara watershed in the Canadian Rockies has been the site of several hydrological
investigations. It has been instrumented to a degree uncommon for many alpine
study watersheds. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind, precipitation,
radiation, and snow depth are measured at two meteorological stations near
Lake O'Hara and in the higher elevation Opabin Plateau. Water levels at Lake
O'Hara, Opabin Lake, and several stream gauging stations are recorded using
pressure transducers and validated against manual measurements.
Stage–discharge rating curves were determined at gauging stations and used
to calculate discharge from stream stage. The database includes additional
data such as water chemistry (temperature, electrical conductivity, and
stable isotope abundance) and snow survey (snow depth and density) for select
years, as well as geospatial data (elevation and land cover). This dataset
will be useful for the future study of alpine regions, where substantial and
long-term hydrological datasets are scarce due to difficult field conditions.
The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.035.
Seasonal streamflow forecasts for Europe – Part 2: Sources of skill
Authors: Greuell Wouter , Franssen Wietse H. P. , Hutjes Ronald W. A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper uses hindcasts (1981–2010) to investigate the sources of skill in
seasonal hydrological forecasts for Europe. The hindcasts were produced with
WUSHP (Wageningen University Seamless Hydrological Prediction system). Skill
was identified in a companion paper. In WUSHP, hydrological processes are
simulated by running the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological
model forced with an ensemble of bias-corrected output from the seasonal
forecast system 4 (S4) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). We first analysed the meteorological forcing. The
precipitation forecasts contain considerable skill for the first lead month
but hardly any significant skill at longer lead times. Seasonal forecasts of
temperature have more skill. Skill in summer temperature is related to
climate change and is more or less independent of lead time. Skill in February
and March is unrelated to climate change. Different sources of skill in
hydro-meteorological variables were isolated with a suite of specific
hydrological hindcasts akin to ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP). These
hindcasts show that in Europe, initial conditions of soil moisture (SM) form the
dominant source of skill in run-off. From April to July, initial conditions of
snow contribute significantly to the skill. Some remarkable skill features
are due to indirect effects, i.e. skill due to forcing or initial conditions
of snow and soil moisture at an earlier stage is stored in the hydrological
state (snow and/or soil moisture) of a later stage, which then contributes to
persistence of skill. Skill in evapotranspiration (ET) originates mostly in the
meteorological forcing. For run-off we also compared the full hindcasts (with
S4 forcing) with two types of ESP (or ESP-like) hindcasts (with identical forcing
for all years). Beyond the second lead month, the full hindcasts are less
skilful than the ESP (or ESP-like) hindcasts, because inter-annual variations in the
S4 forcing consist mainly of noise which enhances degradation of the skill.
Using cellular automata to simulate wildfire propagation and to assist in fire management
Authors: Freire Joana Gouveia , DaCamara Carlos Castro
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Cellular automata have been successfully applied to simulate the propagation
of wildfires with the aim of assisting fire managers in defining fire
suppression tactics and in planning fire risk management policies. We present
a cellular automaton designed to simulate a severe wildfire episode that took
place in Algarve (southern Portugal) in July 2012. During the episode almost
25 000 ha burned and there was an explosive stage between 25 and 33 h
after the onset. Results obtained show that the explosive stage is adequately
modeled when introducing a wind propagation rule in which fire is allowed to
spread to nonadjacent cells depending on wind speed. When this rule is
introduced, deviations in modeled time of burning (from estimated time based
on hot spots detected from satellite) have a root-mean-square difference
of 7.1 for a simulation period of 46 h (i.e., less than 20 %). The
simulated pattern of probabilities of burning as estimated from an ensemble
of 100 simulations shows a marked decrease out of the limits of the observed
scar, indicating that the model represents an added value to help decide locations of
where to allocate resources for fire fighting.
The optical characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in seasonal snow of northwestern China
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wen Hui , Liu Jun , Pu Wei , Chen Qingcai , Wang Xin
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays an important
role in the global carbon cycle and energy budget but is rarely studied in
seasonal snow. A field campaign was conducted across northwestern China from
January to February 2012, and surface snow samples were collected at 39 sites
in Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces. Absorption and fluorescence
spectroscopies,
along with chemical analysis, were used to investigate the optical
characteristics and potential sources of CDOM in seasonal snow. The abundance of CDOM, shown as the absorption coefficient at 280 nm,
aCDOM(280), and the spectral slope from 275 to 295 nm
(S275−295) ranged from 0.15 to 10.57 m−1 and
0.0129 to 0.0389 nm−1. The highest average
aCDOM(280) (2.30±0.52 m−1) was found in
Qinghai, and the lowest average S275−295 (0.0188±0.0015 nm−1) indicated that the snow CDOM in this region had a strongly
terrestrial characteristic. The lower values of aCDOM(280) were found at sites located to the north of the Tianshan Mountains and
northwestern Xinjiang along the border of China (0.93±0.68 m−1 and
0.80±0.62 m−1). Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis
identified three types of fluorophores that were attributed to two humic-like
substances (HULIS, C1 and C2) and one protein-like material (C3). C1 was
mainly from soil HULIS, C3 was a type of autochthonously labile organic
matter, while the potential sources of C2 were complex, including soil,
microbial activity, anthropogenic pollution, and biomass burning.
Furthermore, the regional variations of sources for snow CDOM were assessed
by analyses of chemical species (e.g., soluble ions), fluorescent components,
and air mass backward trajectories combined with satellite-derived active-fire
locations.
A comparison study on jacket substructures for offshore wind turbines based on optimization
Authors: Häfele Jan , Gebhardt Cristian G. , Rolfes Raimund
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The structural optimization problem of jacket substructures for offshore wind
turbines is commonly regarded as a pure tube dimensioning problem,
minimizing the entire mass of the structure. However, this approach goes
along with the assumption that the given topology is fixed in any case. The
present work contributes to the improvement of the state of the art by
utilizing more detailed models for geometry, costs, and structural design
code checks. They are assembled in an optimization scheme, in order to
consider the jacket optimization problem from a different point of view that
is closer to practical applications. The conventional mass objective function
is replaced by a sum of various terms related to the cost of the structure.
To address the issue of high demand of numerical capacity, a machine learning
approach based on Gaussian process regression is applied to reduce numerical
expenses and enhance the number of considered design load cases. The proposed
approach is meant to provide decision guidance in the first phase of wind
farm planning. A numerical example for a National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW turbine
under FINO3 environmental conditions is computed by two effective
optimization methods (sequential quadratic programming and an interior-point
method), allowing for the estimation of characteristic design variables of a
jacket substructure. In order to resolve the mixed-integer problem
formulation, multiple subproblems with fixed-integer design variables are
solved. The results show that three-legged jackets may be preferable to
four-legged ones under the boundaries of this study. In addition, it is shown
that mass-dependent cost functions can be easily improved by just considering
the number of jacket legs to yield more reliable results.
Estimating Maternal Mortality in Remote Rural Regions: an Application of the Sisterhood Method in Tajikistan
Authors: Liese Kylea Laina , Pauls Heather , Robinson Sarah , Patil Crystal
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The sisterhood method of maternal mortality data collection and analysis provides a validated framework for estimating maternal mortality ratios in situations of limited infrastructure. The aim of this study is to assess sub-national maternal mortality in the Badakhshan region of Tajikistan using the sisterhood method as part of a larger ethnographic study on maternal risk.Methods: In 2006-2007, 1004 married women of reproductive age in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, Tajikistan were surveyed using the sisterhood method. Respondents were asked eleven questions about the sex, age and survivorship of all children born to the respondent’s mother.Results: Using a national total fertility rate (TFR) estimate of 4.88, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Tajik Badakhshan was 141 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI 49-235). The lifetime risk of maternal death was 1 in 141 (95% CI 34-103).Conclusion: Given the inherent time-lag of the sisterhood method, precise estimates of maternal mortality are dependent on accurate TFRs, which may vary based upon regional experiences of demographic transitions. Socio-political instability and the dismantling of Soviet welfare programs and civil war following Tajikistan’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 likely impacted TFR in Tajik Badakhshan. Socio-political trends influencing TFR in rural regions compared to urban, and the investigation of factors associated with maternal mortality, require additional investigation.
Estilos de aprendizaje y su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje: aplicación en alumnos de la carrera de Contadores Auditores
Authors: Toledo Miguel , Soto De La Cruz Jorge , Araya-Castillo Luis
Published: January 2019

La presente investigación indagó acerca de los estilos de aprendizaje, y su relación con las estrategias de enseñanza- aprendizaje a un segmento de estudiantes de la carrera de Contador Auditor. Los hallazgos permitirán revisar las metodologías educativas en los cursos sujetos a esta investigación. En este contexto, una de las estrategias utilizadas, es indagar acerca de los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con el propósito de adecuar las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje con que se abordan los diversos cursos de la carrera, de tal modo de ir adecuando el perfil de egreso. El fenómeno de los estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje han sido de amplio estudio en la literatura de educacional y han servido para iniciar cambios significativos en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en las carreras de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa de la Universidad Diego Portales no existen estudios que identifiquen los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
A Multidimensional Approach to Measuring Fuel Poverty
Authors: Charlier Dorothée , Legendre Berangère
Published: January 2019

In this study we suggest that a more careful and systematic understanding of fuel poverty can be developed through a multidimensional approach to the relationship between monetary poverty, residential energy efficiency, and heating restriction. Our objective is to provide new ways to better identify those who suffer the most from fuel poverty to optimize policy. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to measure poverty in three steps following Sen (1979): (i) combining poverty characteristics into an aggregate measure involving a fuel poverty index (FPI), (ii) identification and comparison of poor people according to existing and new definitions and (iii) testing the robustness of the fuel poverty composite indicator. Our results show that the usual measures reveal a gap that does not consider all the dimensions of fuel poverty, excluding those who are at or above a certain threshold, but who are nevertheless vulnerable.
Toegang tot enquête voor kapitaalverschaffers – de evaluatie geëvalueerd
Authors: Bongaerts Q.L.C.M.
Published: January 2019

Toegang tot enquête voor kapitaalverschaffers – de evaluatie geëvalueerd

De auteur bekritiseerde in 2016 de koppeling van geplaatst kapitaal en (beurs)waarde (art. 2:346 lid 1 aanhef en sub c BW). Deze bijdrage bevat enkele ontwikkelingen die aanpassing van de wettekst rechtvaardigen. De auteur behandelt het effectenonderzoek van Tilburg University, de literatuur en de discussie tijdens een expertbijeenkomst op het ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid.
De (on)mogelijkheid van het beperken van de enquêtebevoegdheid in de tijd
Authors: Bouman A.H.B.
Published: January 2019

De (on)mogelijkheid van het beperken van de enquêtebevoegdheid in de tijd

In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de (on)mogelijkheid om een enquêtebevoegdheid in de tijd en qua reikwijdte in de tijd te kunnen beperken. Onderzoek wijst uit dat verjaring niet, maar verval van enquêtebevoegdheid mogelijk moet worden geacht. De conclusie is dat slechts een toegekende enquêtebevoegdheid aan beperkingen in de tijd kan worden onderworpen.
Assessment of the incidence of malocclusions among 10-11-year-old children in primary schools in Sopot
Authors: Kalinowska Jolanta , Wojtaszek-Słomińska Anna , Maj Adrian , Kusiak Aida , Suligowska Klaudia , Zdrojewski Tomasz
Published: January 2019

Apart from dental caries and periodontal diseases malocclusions are a common health problem in the population of children and adolescents. They may be a reason for psychosocial problems (associated with facial and dental aesthetics) and stomatognathic system dysfunctions associated with chewing, speech and swallowing. Some malocclusions may be also a reason for higher susceptibility of teeth to periodontal traumas and diseases. Epidemiological studies are an important tool to determine the incidence of malocclusions and to plan prophylactic and therapeutic activities. Aim. The aim of the work was to assess the incidence of malocclusions among 10-year-olds and 11-yearolds from Sopot who had an orthodontic examination performed as part of the SOPKARD programme. Material and methods. The study group included 334 children at the age of 10–11 years, namely 157 girls and 177 boys who were students at primary schools in Sopot. The presence of malocclusions, including type of disorders, age and sex of subjects was studied. Results. Crowding was the most common disorder. It was observed in 62.3% of subjects. The incidence of Angle’s class I and II malocclusions was similar, namely 38.9% and 41.0%, respectively. Lack of alignment of the midline of the upper and lower dental arch (18.9%) and a deep overbite (18.3%) were also common. A deep overjet and cross bite were observed in 12.3% and 10.2% of children, respectively. The least common were the following: scissor bite (3.9%), class III malocclusion (0.9%), reverse overjet (0.6%) and negative overbite (0.6%). Conclusions. The incidence of malocclusions among 10-11-year-old children is relatively high. Class I and II malocclusions were the most common in the studied developmental period. (Kalinowska J, Wojtaszek-Słomińska A, Maj A, Kusiak A, Suligowska K, Zdrojewski T. Assessment of the incidence of malocclusions among 10-11-year-old children in primary schools in Sopot. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 5-16)
Komunikat na temat diagnostyki rezonansu
magnetycznego u pacjentów ortodontycznych
Message about magnetic resonance diagnostics
in orthodontic patients
Authors: Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid , Walawska Beata , Predko-Engel Agnieszka , Jurkiewicz Elżbieta , Urbanik Andrzej
Published: January 2019

Obrazowanie za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego (MR)
jest coraz powszechniej stosowaną metodą diagnostyczną.
Ze względu na wątpliwości dotyczące bezpieczeństwa
wykonywania badań MR u pacjentów leczonych
ortodontycznie lub noszących stałe aparaty retencyjne,
przedstawiamy wspólne stanowisko towarzystw PTO, PLTR,
PTS, odnoszące się do możliwości badania MR u tej grupy
pacjentów. Przedstawione rekomendacje dotyczą aparatów
rezonansu magnetycznego o natężeniu pola do 3T włącznie.
Zalecenia powinny być stosowane we wszystkich grupach
wiekowych.
Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion
Authors: Dargiewicz Ewelina , Szarmach Izabela J. , Sawczuk Magdalena
Published: January 2019

Transverse maxillary hypoplasia may negatively affect respiration. Maxillary narrowing has to be treated early. An appliance for Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is the most common method, and it aims to expand the skeletal base and maintain this width until a new bone has been formed to fill in the fissure. Aim. Comparison of the results of measurements of bone structures and of the upper airways on lateral teleroentgenograms of the head in patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia and in patients with normal dimensions of the maxilla. Material and methods. The study was carried out in a group of 20 people with maxillary narrowing (10 girls and 10 boys) aged 7 to 10 years. The control group consisted of 20 lateral teleroentgenograms of patients (9 girls and 11 boys) of similar age treated for other malocclusions. The structures of the facial skeleton and the upper respiratory tract were assessed in teleroentgenograms after earlier determination of measurement points and planes according to selected parameters of the McNamara and Preston et al. methodology. The obtained results were analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney's test. Results. Angular measurements showed statistically significantly smaller SNA and SNB angles in the study group compared to the control group. The analysis of linear measurements indicated a statistically significant larger dimension of the actual length of the midfacial segment (Co-A) and distance between the Sella point and the posterior nasal spine (PNS-S), and a smaller dimension of the posterior facial height (PFH) in the study group compared to the control group. The highest differences in upper respiratory tract measurements were noted in the Ba-ho-PNS angle, which was lower in the study group. The result was not statistically significant. Conclusions. No significant differences in cephalometric measurements of the upper airways were observed. There is a need to extend studies to include groups of patients with features of night apnoea and maxillary narrowing. (Dargiewicz E, Szarmach IJ, Sawczuk M. Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 97-105)
Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route
Authors: Duda Anna , Stós Wojciech
Published: January 2019

This study assesses the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal (nasal) and abnormal (oral or mixed) breathing route. Aim. To compare the upper respiratory tract width in the study group (abnormal breathing route) and control group (normal breathing route) and to determine the cut-off point and mean limit values in order to conduct a differential diagnosis between a habitual and constitutional breathing route. Material and methods. The study included 221 patients treated at the Aquadent-Ortoestetyka Clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The upper respiratory tract width was measured with two different linear methods: a modified method by Holmberg. and Linder-Aronson, and the Linder-Aronson and Henricson method (AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS). Results. In the study group the mean value of the Holmberg measurement is 4.25 mm, and in the control group – 14.1 mm. Mean values of AD1- PNS and AD2-PNS measurements in the study group are 8.1 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively, and they can be regarded as mean limit values. The 6 mm Holmberg measurement is the cut-off value between the study and control groups, and it should be monitored. In relation to the Holmberg measurement a difference between the study and control groups is 9.85 mm. Regarding AD1-PNS and AD2-PNS measurements a difference between the study and control groups is 11.4 mm and 10.0 mm, respectively. Conclusions. The upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid shows a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. It may indicate significant narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid in the study group or a different type of morphology of the facial skeleton. Limit values obtained in the study allow differentiation of a habitual and constitutional breathing route. (Duda A, Stós W. Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 106-18).