bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural independence of hydrogen-bond symmetrisation dynamics at extreme pressure conditions
Authors: Meier Thomas , Trybel Florian , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Laniel Dominique , Ishii Takayuki , Aslandukova Alena , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: June 2022

The experimental study of hydrogen-bonds and their symmetrization under extreme conditions is predominantly driven by diffraction methods, despite challenges of localising or probing the hydrogen subsystems directly. Until recently, H-bond symmetrization has been addressed in terms of either nuclear quantum effects, spin crossovers or direct structural transitions; often leading to contradictory interpretations when combined. Here, we present high-resolution in-situ 1H-NMR experiments in diamond anvil cells investigating a range of systems containing linear O-H ⋯  O units at pressure ranges of up to 90 GPa covering their respective H-bond symmetrization. We found pronounced minima in the pressure dependence of the NMR resonance line-widths associated with a maximum in hydrogen mobility, precursor to a localisation of hydrogen atoms. These minima, independent of the chemical environment of the O-H ⋯  O unit, can be found in a narrow range of oxygen oxygen distances between 2.44 and 2.45 Å, leading to an average critical oxygen-oxygen distance of $${\bar{r}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{OO}}}}}}}}}^{{{{{{{{\rm{crit}}}}}}}}}=2.443(1)$$

r

¯

OO

crit

=
2.443

(

1

)

Å.
Amplification of downstream flood stage due to damming of fine-grained rivers
Authors: Ma Hongbo , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Fu Xudong , Parker Gary , Zhang Yuanfeng , Wang Yuanjian , Wang Yanjun , Lamb Michael P. , Cisneros Julia , Best Jim , Parsons Daniel R. , Wu Baosheng
Published: June 2022

River dams provide many benefits, including flood control. However, due to constantly evolving channel morphology, downstream conveyance of floodwaters following dam closure is difficult to predict. Here, we test the hypothesis that the incised, enlarged channel downstream of dams provides enhanced water conveyance, using a case study from the lower Yellow River, China. We find that, although flood stage is lowered for small floods, counterintuitively, flood stage downstream of a dam can be amplified for moderate and large floods. This arises because bed incision is accompanied by sediment coarsening, which facilitates development of large dunes that increase flow resistance and reduce velocity relative to pre-dam conditions. Our findings indicate the underlying mechanism for such flood amplification may occur in >80% of fine-grained rivers, and suggest the need to reconsider flood control strategies in such rivers worldwide.
Transient evolution of permeability and friction in a slowly slipping fault activated by fluid pressurization
Authors: Cappa Frédéric , Guglielmi Yves , De Barros Louis
Published: June 2022

The mechanisms of permeability and friction evolution in a natural fault are investigated in situ. During three fluid injection experiments at different places in a fault zone, we measured simultaneously the fluid pressure, fault displacements and seismic activity. Changes in fault permeability and friction are then estimated concurrently. Results show that fault permeability increases up to 1.58 order of magnitude as a result of reducing effective normal stress and cumulative dilatant slip, and 19-to-60.8% of the enhancement occurs without seismic emissions. When modeling the fault displacement, we found that a rate-and-state friction and a permeability dependent on both slip and slip velocity together reasonably fit the fault-parallel and fault-normal displacements. This leads to the conclusion that the transient evolution of fault permeability and friction caused by a pressure perturbation exerts a potentially dominant control on fault stability during fluid flow.
Island-specific evolution of a sex-primed autosome in a sexual planarian
Authors: Guo Longhua , Bloom Joshua S. , Dols-Serrate Daniel , Boocock James , Ben-David Eyal , Schubert Olga T. , Kozuma Kaiya , Ho Katarina , Warda Emily , Chui Clarice , Wei Yubao , Leighton Daniel , Lemus Vergara Tzitziki , Riutort Marta , Sánchez Alvarado Alejandro , Kruglyak Leonid
Published: June 2022

The sexual strain of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, indigenous to Tunisia and several Mediterranean islands, is a hermaphrodite1,2. Here we isolate individual chromosomes and use sequencing, Hi-C3,4 and linkage mapping to assemble a chromosome-scale genome reference. The linkage map reveals an extremely low rate of recombination on chromosome 1. We confirm suppression of recombination on chromosome 1 by genotyping individual sperm cells and oocytes. We show that previously identified genomic regions that maintain heterozygosity even after prolonged inbreeding make up essentially all of chromosome 1. Genome sequencing of individuals isolated in the wild indicates that this phenomenon has evolved specifically in populations from Sardinia and Corsica. We find that most known master regulators5–13 of the reproductive system are located on chromosome 1. We used RNA interference14,15 to knock down a gene with haplotype-biased expression, which led to the formation of a more pronounced female mating organ. On the basis of these observations, we propose that chromosome 1 is a sex-primed autosome primed for evolution into a sex chromosome.
Reticulate evolution in the Pteris fauriei group (Pteridaceae)
Authors: Chao Yi-Shan , Ebihara Atsushi , Chiou Wen-Liang , Tsai Jer-Min , Huang Yu-Wen , Ranker Tom A.
Published: June 2022

ThePteris faurieigroup (Pteridaceae) has a wide distribution in Eastern Asia and includes 18 species with similar but varied morphology. We collected more than 300 specimens of theP. faurieigroup and determined ploidy by flow cytometry and inferred phylogenies by molecular analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers. Our results reveal a complicated reticulate evolution, consisting of seven parental taxa and 58 hybrids. The large number of hybrid taxa have added significant morphological complexity to the group leading to difficult taxonomic issues. The hybrids generally had broader ranges and more populations than their parental taxa. Genetic combination of different pairs of parental species created divergent phenotypes of hybrids, exhibited by both morphological characteristics and ecological fidelities. Niche novelty could facilitate hybrid speciation. Apogamy is common in this group and potentially contributes to the sustainability of the whole group. We propose that frequent hybridizations among members of theP. faurieigroup generate and maintain genetic diversity, via novel genetic combinations, niche differentiation, and apogamy.
Cover crop-driven shifts in soil microbial communities could modulate early tomato biomass via plant-soil feedbacks
Authors: Tosi Micaela , Drummelsmith John , Obregón Dasiel , Chahal Inderjot , Van Eerd Laura L. , Dunfield Kari E.
Published: June 2022

Sustainable agricultural practices such as cover crops (CCs) and residue retention are increasingly applied to counteract detrimental consequences on natural resources. Since agriculture affects soil properties partly via microbial communities, it is critical to understand how these respond to different management practices. Our study analyzed five CC treatments (oat, rye, radish, rye-radish mixture and no-CC) and two crop residue managements (retention/R+ or removal/R−) in an 8-year diverse horticultural crop rotation trial from ON, Canada. CC effects were small but stronger than those of residue management. Radish-based CCs tended to be the most beneficial for both microbial abundance and richness, yet detrimental for fungal evenness. CC species, in particular radish, also shaped fungal and, to a lesser extent, prokaryotic community composition. Crop residues modulated CC effects on bacterial abundance and fungal evenness (i.e., more sensitive in R− than R+), as well as microbial taxa. Several microbial structure features (e.g., composition, taxa within Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Ascomycota), some affected by CCs, were correlated with early biomass production of the following tomato crop. Our study suggests that, whereas mid-term CC effects were small, they need to be better understood as they could be influencing cash crop productivity via plant-soil feedbacks.
Brain tumor image generation using an aggregation of GAN models with style transfer
Authors: Mukherkjee Debadyuti , Saha Pritam , Kaplun Dmitry , Sinitca Aleksandr , Sarkar Ram
Published: June 2022

In the recent past, deep learning-based models have achieved tremendous success in computer vision-related tasks with the help of large-scale annotated datasets. An interesting application of deep learning is synthetic data generation, especially in the domain of medical image analysis. The need for such a task arises due to the scarcity of original data. Class imbalance is another reason for applying data augmentation techniques. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are beneficial for synthetic image generation in various fields. However, stand-alone GANs may only fetch the localized features in the latent representation of an image, whereas combining different GANs might understand the distributed features. To this end, we have proposed AGGrGAN, an aggregation of three base GAN models—two variants of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and a Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) to generate synthetic MRI scans of brain tumors. Further, we have applied the style transfer technique to enhance the image resemblance. Our proposed model efficiently overcomes the limitation of data unavailability and can understand the information variance in multiple representations of the raw images. We have conducted all the experiments on the two publicly available datasets - the brain tumor dataset and the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2020 dataset. Results show that the proposed model can generate fine-quality images with maximum Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) scores of 0.57 and 0.83 on the said two datasets.
Decision optimization of emergency material support based on blockchain under major public health emergencies
Authors: Wang Hanyi , Fan Chuanzhang , KunBao
Published: June 2022

The work intends to relieve the pressure on the urban medical system and reduce the cross-infection of personnel in major public health emergencies. On the premise of an in-depth analysis of the utility risk entropy algorithm model and prospect theory, the decision-making of major health emergencies is proposed. Firstly, the utility risk entropy algorithm model is optimized, and the main decision-making members are subjected to utility perception according to the perceived utility values of different levels of risk, and the weights of decision-making members are calculated and revised according to the results of utility clustering. Secondly, the prospect theory is optimized. Taking the zero as the reference point to calculate the prospect value, and taking the maximization of the comprehensive prospect value as the objective to optimize the model, the comprehensive prospect value of each scheme is calculated and sorted. Finally, the proposed scheme is tested, and the test results show that in the optimal decision-making time of the scheme, the optimal decision-making time is 0 every day. When the epidemic situation is in the first cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 2.69, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 63.96%. When the epidemic situation is in the second cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.65, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 94.44%. When the epidemic situation is in the third cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.22, and the reduction ratio of the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 89.39%. The proposed scheme can improve the processing efficiency of major health emergencies and reduce the risk of accidents.
LGR5 is a conserved marker of hair follicle stem cells in multiple species and is present early and throughout follicle morphogenesis
Authors: Polkoff Kathryn M. , Gupta Nithin K. , Green Adrian J. , Murphy Yanet , Chung Jaewook , Gleason Katherine L. , Simpson Sean G. , Walker Derek M. , Collins Bruce , Piedrahita Jorge A.
Published: June 2022

Hair follicle stem cells are key for driving growth and homeostasis of the hair follicle niche, have remarkable regenerative capacity throughout hair cycling, and display fate plasticity during cutaneous wound healing. Due to the need for a transgenic reporter, essentially all observations related to LGR5-expressing hair follicle stem cells have been generated using transgenic mice, which have significant differences in anatomy and physiology from the human. Using a transgenic pig model, a widely accepted model for human skin and human skin repair, we demonstrate that LGR5 is a marker of hair follicle stem cells across species in homeostasis and development. We also report the strong similarities and important differences in expression patterns, gene expression profiles, and developmental processes between species. This information is important for understanding the fundamental differences and similarities across species, and ultimately improving human hair follicle regeneration, cutaneous wound healing, and skin cancer treatment.
In vitro generation of transplantable insulin-producing cells from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Dang Le Quynh , Rodprasert Watchareewan , Kuncorojakti Suryo , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum , Sawangmake Chenphop
Published: June 2022

Canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) have potential applications for regenerative therapy, including the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) for studying and treating diabetes. In this study, we established a useful protocol for generating IPCs from canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs). Subsequently, in vitro preservation of pluronic F127-coated alginate (ALGPA)-encapsulated cAD-MSC-derived IPCs was performed to verify ready-to-use IPCs. IPCs were induced from cAD-MSCs with the modulated three-stepwise protocol. The first step of definitive endoderm (DE) induction showed that the cooperation of Chir99021 and Activin A created the effective production ofSox17-expressed DE cells. The second step for pancreatic endocrine (PE) progenitor induction from DE indicated that the treatment with taurine, retinoic acid, FGF2, EGF, TGFβ inhibitor, dorsomorphin, nicotinamide, and DAPT showed the significant upregulation of the pancreatic endocrine precursor markersPdx1andNgn3. The last step of IPC production, the combination of taurine, nicotinamide, Glp-1, forskolin, PI3K inhibitor, and TGFβ inhibitor, yielded efficiently functional IPCs from PE precursors. Afterward, the maintenance of ALGPA-encapsulated cAD-MSC-derived IPCs with VSCBIC-1, a specialized medium, enhanced IPC properties. Conclusion, the modulated three-stepwise protocol generates the functional IPCs. Together, the encapsulation of cAD-MSC-derived IPCs and the cultivation with VSCBIC-1 enrich the maturation of generated IPCs.
Characterization of in vitro stability for two processive endoglucanases as exogenous fibre biocatalysts in pig nutrition
Authors: Cheng Laurence , Wang Weijun , Fan Ming Z.
Published: June 2022

Development of highly efficacious exogenous fibre degradation enzymes can enhance efficiency of dietary fibre utilization and sustainability of global pork production. The objectives of this study were to investigate in vitro stability for two processive endoglucanases, referred to as GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A that were overexpressed in CLEARCOLIBL21(DE3). Three-dimensional models predicted presence of Cys residues on the catalytic site surfaces of GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A; and time course experimental results shown that both cellulases were susceptible to auto-oxidation by airborne O2and were unstable. Furthermore, we examined these endoglucanases’ stability under the mimicked in vitro porcine gastric and the small intestinal pH and proteases’ conditions. Eadie-Hofstee inhibition kinetic analyses showed that GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A respectively lost 18 and 68% of their initial activities after 2-h incubations under the gastric conditions and then lost more than 90% of their initial activities after 2–3 h of incubations under the small intestinal conditions. Therefore, further enzyme protein engineering to improve resistance and alternatively post-fermentation enzyme processing such as coating to bypass the gastric-small intestinal environment will be required to enable these two processive endoglucanases as efficacious exogenous fibre enzymes in pig nutrition application.
Lifelong changes of neurotransmitter receptor expression and debilitation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity following early postnatal blindness
Authors: Hagena Hardy , Feldmann Mirko , Manahan-Vaughan Denise
Published: June 2022

In the weeks immediately after onset of sensory loss, extensive reorganization of both the cortex and hippocampus occurs. Two fundamental characteristics comprise widespread changes in the relative expression of GABA and glutamate receptors and debilitation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Here, we explored whether recovery from adaptive changes in the expression of plasticity-related neurotransmitter receptors and hippocampal synaptic plasticity occurs in the time-period of up to 12 months after onset of sensory loss. We compared receptor expression in CBA/J mice that develop hereditary blindness, with CBA/CaOlaHsd mice that have intact vision and no deficits in other sensory modalities throughout adulthood. GluN1-subunit expression was reduced and the GluN2A:GluN2B ratio was persistently altered in cortex and hippocampus. GABA-receptor expression was decreased and metabotropic glutamate receptor expression was altered. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was persistently compromised in vivo. But although LTP in blind mice was chronically impaired throughout adulthood, a recovery of the early phase of LTP became apparent when the animals reached 12 months of age. These data show that cortical and hippocampal adaptation to early postnatal blindness progresses into advanced adulthood and is a process that compromises hippocampal function. A partial recovery of hippocampal synaptic plasticity emerges in advanced adulthood, however.
Early anatomical changes and association with photodynamic therapy induced acute exudative maculopathy in patients with macular diseases
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Kohno Takeya , Yamamoto Manabu , Hirayama Kumiko , Kyo Akika , Hirabayashi Michiko , Honda Shigeru
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate and predictors of photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM). This retrospective study included 39 eyes of 39 patients (32 males and 7 females), who were treated with initial PDT. PAEM was defined as an increase in central retinal thickness (CRT) of 15% or more measured by OCT on day 3 after PDT compared with baseline. Sixteen of 39 eyes (41%) were classified in the PAEM+ group. CRT and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were significantly increased at 3 days in the PAEM+ group and significantly decreased at 1 month after PDT in the PAEM- group. In a multiple comparison, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) had a significantly higher incidence of PAEM compared to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The incidence of PAEM was lower in PCV and CSC, and higher in nAMD. BCVA at 1 month was significantly worse in the PAEM group, which may be related to visual prognosis after PDT. Since both CRT and CCT decrease at 1 month, the detection of PAEM needs to be assessed a few days after PDT.
Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Pujar Madhu , Vastrad Basavaraj , Kavatagimath Satish , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Shivakumar
Published: June 2022

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This investigation aimed to elucidate essential candidate genes and pathways in T1DM by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using DESeq2 of R package from GSE162689 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis, and construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, and validation of hub genes were performed. A total of 952 DEGs (477 up regulated and 475 down regulated genes) were identified in T1DM. GO and REACTOME enrichment result results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in multicellular organism development, detection of stimulus, diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, and olfactory signaling pathway. The top hub genes such as MYC, EGFR, LNX1, YBX1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, FN1, TK1, ANLN and SMAD9 were screened out as the critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these genes were significantly associated with T1DM. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, particularly the hub genes, strengthen the understanding of the advancement and progression of T1DM, and certain genes might be used as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor and treat T1DM.
Theta but not beta activity is modulated by freedom of choice during action selection
Authors: Pierrieau Emeline , Kessouri Sarah , Lepage Jean-François , Bernier Pierre-Michel
Published: June 2022

Large-scale neurophysiological markers of action competition have been almost exclusively investigated in the context of instructed choices, hence it remains unclear whether these markers also apply to free choices. This study aimed to compare the specific brain dynamics underlying instructed and free decisions. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while 31 participants performed a target selection task; the choice relied either on stimulus–response mappings (instructed) or on participants’ preferences (free). Choice difficulty was increased by introducing distractors in the informative stimulus in instructed choices, and by presenting targets with similar motor costs in free choices. Results revealed that increased decision difficulty was associated with higher reaction times (RTs) in instructed choices and greater choice uncertainty in free choices. Midfrontal EEG theta (4–8 Hz) power increased with difficulty in instructed choices, but not in free choices. Although sensorimotor beta (15–30 Hz) power was correlated with RTs, it was not significantly influenced by choice context or difficulty. These results suggest that midfrontal theta power may specifically increase with difficulty in externally-driven choices, whereas sensorimotor beta power may be predictive of RTs in both externally- and internally-driven choices.
Plasma taurine is an axonal excitability-translatable biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Nakazato Tomoko , Kanai Kazuaki , Kataura Tetsushi , Nojiri Shuko , Hattori Nobutaka , Saiki Shinji
Published: June 2022

Although various body fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported, no biomarkers specifically reflecting abnormalities in axonal excitability indices have currently been established. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to perform a comprehensive metabolome analysis of plasma from seven ALS patients and 20 controls, and correlation analysis with disease phenotypes was then performed in 22 other ALS patients. Additionally, electrophysiological studies of motor nerve axonal excitability were performed in all ALS patients. In the ALS and control groups, levels of various metabolites directly associated with skeletal muscle metabolism, such as those involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and the creatine pathway, were detected. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the top four metabolites (ribose-5-phosphate, N6-acetyllysine, dyphylline, 3-methoxytyrosine) showed high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 0.971) in the ALS group compared with the control group. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that taurine levels were correlated with the strength-duration time constant, an axonal excitability indicator established to predict survival. No significant effects of diabetes mellitus and treatment (Riluzole and Edaravone) on this relationship were detected in the study. Therefore, plasma taurine is a potential novel axonal excitability-translatable biomarker for ALS.
Wetting and Contact Line Motion
Authors: Ajaev Vladimir S.
Published: June 2022

Key aspects of wetting phenomena and their coupling to evaporation and fluid flow near contact lines are reviewed in the context of sessile droplets of both Newtonian and complex fluids including suspensions, polymers, surfactant/polymer solutions, polymer–colloid mixtures, and biological fluids. The role of sessile droplet models in understanding transmission of infectious diseases by respiratory droplets is elucidated. Both mathematical modeling approaches and experimental techniques are discussed.
Evaporation of Ternary Sessile Drops
Authors: Tan Huanshu , Diddens Christian , Zhang Xuehua , Lohse Detlef
Published: June 2022

This chapter is concerned with drying ternary sessile droplets, where the three liquid components have different volatilities and mutual solubilities. The drying process can trigger concentration gradients within the droplet, leading to spontaneous phase separation and intense interfacial flows. We give a summary of several cases which we have introduced in previous work. To gain an insight into the physicochemical hydrodynamics, we also numerically simulate the droplet evaporation process. The ternary droplet discussed here can be seen as a basic model system for more complicated multicomponent droplet systems in practical applications, involved in material science, chemical engineering, or bioengineering.
Drying of Human Blood Drops
Authors: Benabdelhalim Houssine , Brutin David
Published: June 2022

The study of blood drop drying has attracted the attention of several research groups for two main reasons: (1) for biomedical purposes as a rapid and cheaper disease detector, and (2) for forensic applications for the interpretation of bloodstains at crime scenes. It also presents an interdisciplinary and challenging research subject, however, the mechanisms related to the formation of patterns at the end of the drying process are not fully understood. Consequently, this topic still represents an active research area that requires further efforts. In this chapter, we highlight the significant advances in the drying of human whole blood drops and the influence of these parameters.
Evaporation and Precipitation Dynamics of a Respiratory Droplet
Authors: Saha Abhishek , Majee Sreeparna , Chaudhuri Swetaprovo , Basu Saptarshi
Published: June 2022

Respiratory droplets are the primary mode of transmission for several diseases, including COVID-19. These droplets ejected through the exhalation process during coughing, sneezing, and speech consist of a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile substances. While transmitted and translated in air, these complex liquid droplets undergo a series of coupled thermophysical processes. The distance these droplets can travel and the number of active pathogens they carry depend on the residue's droplet lifetime and morphology. Thus, the evaporation and precipitation processes in these are critical in assessing the potential threat they possess in the possible transmission of this disease. In this chapter, we summarize synergistic experimental and modeling approaches through which a critical insight into the dynamics of the airborne surrogate respiratory droplets can be obtained. In the experimental section, we propose acoustic levitation as a suitable tool to study the respiratory droplet without any substrate or container, which affects the drying characteristics for commonly studied sessile droplets. The experimental results also become a benchmark for the mathematical model presented in the second part of the chapter. The mathematical description of the various coupled subprocesses is identified and subsequently solved. The experimental and modeling results highlight some of the critical features of these respiratory droplets.
Berry Bioactives and Cognition
Authors: Bell L. , Shukitt-Hale B. , Williams C. M.
Published: June 2022

In recent years, a large body of evidence has emerged showing that our diet can significantly influence the incidence of age-related cognitive decline. In particular, data from epidemiology as well as rodent and human intervention studies has shown that diets rich in berries are associated with both a reduced risk of cognitive decline as we age and improvements in cognitive function. Here, we will review this evidence and suggest some potential mechanisms underlying these effects on neural function across the life span.
Mechanisms of Action of Berry Bioactives on Obesity-induced Inflammation
Authors: Giampieri F. , Cianciosi Danila , Ansary J. , Forbes-Hernandez T. Y. , Alvarez-Suarez J. M. , Battino M.
Published: June 2022

Obesity and metabolic syndrome, two of the major public health challenges worldwide, are characterized by a state of chronic inflammation, with the abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines and the prolonged activation of inflammatory pathways, responsible for the development and the complications of these pathologies. A fruitful strategy to decrease the chronic state of inflammation could be the adoption of a healthy diet, of which berries, enriched with well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds, should be an important part. The aim of this chapter is to present the main results obtained from in vitro and animal studies, describing the effects of the main common consumed berries (blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, and blackberry) on chronic inflammation related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, trying to elucidate the main molecular pathways involved in the beneficial effects of these berries. The human evidence is instead discussed in more detail in Chapter 11.
Advanced Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Tiwari Gopal Nath , Kumar Mishra Rajeev
Published: June 2022

This book is an ideal reference text for teaching renewable energy to engineering and science students, as well as a reference book for scientists and professionals doing self study on the subject. The book has twelve chapters and starts with the definition and classification of renewable and non renewable energy and their status at global level. This chapter also contains the basic heat transfer mechanisms and laws of thermodynamics. It then deals with availability of solar radiation at different latitudes and energy and exergy analysis of flat plate collector, solar air collector, solar concentrator, evacuated tube collector, solar water heating system, solar distillation and solar cooker. The following chapter discusses the basics of semiconductor, its characteristics, working, characteristics of solar cell in dark and daylight situation, fundamentals of characteristic curves of semiconductor, fundamentals of PV module and array and some PVT systems. Detailed discussion on biomass, bio-fuels and biogas and their applications and the power produced by them, namely bio-power, is covered in the following chapters. Other renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind and geothermal are then covered as well as a chapter dealing with the working principle, basic theory and the capability to produce power from ocean thermal, tidal, wave and animal energy conversion systems. Subsequently, net CO2 mitigation, carbon credit, climate change and environmental impacts of all renewable energy resources are all covered followed by a discussion on the techno-economic feasibility of any energy sources as the backbone of its success and hence energy and economic analysis. The chapters deal the overall exergy of renewable energy sources by using the thermal and mechanical power and electrical energy as output. SI units are used throughout the book in solving various exercises in each chapter and conversion units of various physical and chemical parameters of metals and non-metals are also given in appendices.
Stabilizing gelatin-based bioinks under physiological conditions by incorporation of ethylene-glycol-conjugated Fmoc-FF peptides
Authors: Netti Francesca , Aviv Moran , Dan Yoav , Rudnick-Glick Safra , Halperin-Sternfeld Michal , Adler-Abramovich Lihi
Published: June 2022

Bioinks for tissue regeneration require biocompatibility and specific mechanical properties. To overcome the need for post-printing crosslinking, a new bioink was studied, incorporating short aromatic peptide into a gelatin based bioink.
Fabricating defect-rich metal–organic frameworks via mixed linker-induced crystal transformation
Authors: Xiao Yue , Han Lu , Tang Jihai , Tian Lifang , Zhang Zhuxiu , Zhang Lixiong , Yang Dong , Qiao Xu
Published: June 2022

Defect-rich hcp UiO-66-NO2 was synthesized via mixed linker-induced crystal transformation of fcu UiO-66-NO2/NH2.
Anthraquinone and its derivatives as sustainable materials for electrochemical applications – a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the redox potential in solution
Authors: Gallmetzer Josef M. , Kröll Stefanie , Werner Daniel , Wielend Dominik , Irimia-Vladu Mihai , Portenkirchner Engelbert , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Hofer Thomas S.
Published: June 2022

Correlations between quantum chemically determined 1- and 2e− electrochemical potentials for different AQ systems obtained at DFT and DFTB levels show very good agreement with newly measured experimental data determined via CV measurements.
Halo complexes of gold(i) containing glycoconjugate carbene ligands: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and interaction with proteins and DNA model systems
Authors: Annunziata Alfonso , Ferraro Giarita , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Imbimbo Paola , Tuzi Angela , Monti Daria Maria , Merlino Antonello , Ruffo Francesco
Published: June 2022

New neutral Au(i) glycoconjugate carbene complexes show stability in aqueous solutions and interact with both DNA and protein model systems. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the activity depends on the halide ancillary ligand.
Recent advances of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins
Authors: Liang Qiuming , Song Datong
Published: June 2022

This article highlights the recent advances in the field of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs).
Trinuclear coordination assemblies of low-spin dicyano manganese(ii) (S = 1/2) and iron(ii) (S = 0) phthalocyanines with manganese(ii) acetylacetonate, tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(iii) and neodymium(iii)
Authors: Romanenko Nikita R. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Mikhailenko Maxim V. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Yudanova Evgeniya I. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: June 2022

Trinuclear assemblies {cryptand(K+)}2{MII(CN)2Pc·(MF)2}2−·nC6H4Cl2 (MII = MnII and FeII), where MF is Mn(ii) acetylacetonate (S = 5/2), tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(iii) (S = 7/2) or Nd(iii) (S = 3/2) were obtained and studied.
Chemical bonding in actinyl(v/vi) dipyriamethyrin complexes for the actinide series from americium to californium: a computational investigation
Authors: Jennifer G Abigail , Gao Yang , Schreckenbach Georg , Varathan Elumalai
Published: June 2022

High-valence americyl to californyl complexation with the dipyriamethyrin ligand.
Treatment dependent sodium-rich Prussian blue as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Li Yonghao , Zhu Denggui , Gong Feilong , Fang Shaoming , Zhang Yonghui , Sun Shumin
Published: June 2022

Sodium ascorbate aqueous solution as the washing solution for the preparation of Prussian blue can inhibit the loss of Na+ and the oxidation of Fe2+, so as to achieve excellent electrochemical sodium storage performance.
Construction of a chiral zinc–camphorate framework for enantioselective separation
Authors: Zhu Chengfeng , Wang Hongzhao , Mu Yongfei , Zhang Ziwei , Cheng Lanjun , Li Tianfu , Fu Yanming , Wu Xiang , Li Yougui
Published: June 2022

A chiral zinc–camphorate framework with accessible chiral pores and multiple recognition sites is constructed. Acting as a recyclable chiral host, it can resolve a variety of racemic alcohols and epoxides with excellent enantioselectivities.
N-Hydroxy–N-oxide photoinduced tautomerization and excitation wavelength dependent luminescence of ESIPT-capable zinc(ii) complexes with a rationally designed 1-hydroxy-2,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole ESIPT-ligand
Authors: Shekhovtsov Nikita A. , Vinogradova Katerina A. , Vorobyova Sofia N. , Berezin Alexey S. , Plyusnin Victor F. , Naumov Dmitry Yu. , Pervukhina Natalia V. , Nikolaenkova Elena B. , Tikhonov Alexsei Ya. , Bushuev Mark B.
Published: June 2022

ESIPT-capable zinc(ii) complexes with an ESIPT-ligand featuring spatially separated metal binding and ESIPT sites have been synthesized. The complexes undergo phototautomerization and show excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence.
Light-induced electron transfer/phase migration of a redox mediator for photocatalytic C–C coupling in a biphasic solution
Authors: Itagaki Ren , Takizawa Shin-ya , Chang Ho-Chol , Nakada Akinobu
Published: June 2022

Light-induced electron transfer and phase migration of ferrocene/ferrocenium suppress the backward charge recombination enabling efficient photocatalysis in a biphasic solution.
A theoretical study on the hydrogenation of CO2to methanol catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhao Yaqi , Shi Xiaofan , Tang Yanhui , Yang Zuoyin , Pu Min , Lei Ming
Published: June 2022

A DFT method was employed to investigate the mechanism of hydrogenation of CO2to methanol catalyzed by Ru pincer complexes. The calculated results indicate that the dominant H2 activation mode be the formate-assisted H2 activation in this reaction.
Electron coupled FeS2/MoS2 heterostructure for efficient electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions
Authors: Wang Bo , Yan Chao , Xu Guangqing , Shu Xia , Lv Jun , Cui Jiewu , Yu Dongbo , Bao Zhiyong , Wu Yucheng
Published: June 2022

The modulated electronic structure of FeS2/MoS2 nanosheets with ultrathin features (∼3 nm) was designed by a one-step hydrothermal process for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction.
Regulating phase separation and molecular stacking by introducing siloxane to small-molecule donors enables high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells
Authors: Chang Yilin , Zhu Xiangwei , Shi Yanan , Liu Yanan , Meng Ke , Li Yanxun , Xue Jingwei , Zhu Lingyun , Zhang Jianqi , Zhou Huiqiong , Ma Wei , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: June 2022

Siloxane with low surface tension can regulate the intermolecular interactions, and optimize the phase separation morphology and molecule stacking, finally contributing to an excellent PCE of 16.4% with small energy loss for ASM-OSCs.
An immune-shift induced by lycopene; from an eosinophil-dominant type towards an eosinophil/neutrophil-co-dominant type of airway inflammation
Authors: Bácsi Attila , Lucas Renáta , Sütő Máté István , Szklenár Mónika , Bohn Torsten , Rühl Ralph
Published: June 2022

Lycopene as the main carotenoid from tomatoes is known to have beneficial effects on various inflammatory diseases.
Iron deficiency exacerbates aortic medial degeneration by inducing excessive mitochondrial fission
Authors: Zhong Xiaohan , Wu Qi , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Min , Zheng Sihao , Shi Feng , Chen Yuanyang , Che Yanjia , Yuan Shun , Xing Kai
Published: June 2022

Iron deficiency disrupts energy metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission and the acceleration of aortic media degeneration.
Macrocycle supported dinuclear lanthanide complexes with different β-diketonate co-ligands displaying zero field single-molecule magnetic behaviour
Authors: Pramanik Kuheli , Sun Yu-Chen , Brandão Paula , Jana Narayan Ch. , Wang Xin-Yi , Panja Anangamohan
Published: June 2022

Three different sets of isomorphous dinuclear Gd/Dy complexes with an uncommon macrocyclic ligand and β-diketonate co-ligands were reported in which Dy2analogues are zero field SMMs.
Bi nanosphere-decorated oxygen-vacancy BiOBr hollow microspheres with exposed (110) facets to enhance the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of azo dyes
Authors: Qin Mian , Jin Kejie , Li Xinyi , Wang Rui , Zhao Yang , Wang Huan
Published: June 2022

A facile preparation strategy is proposed for a novel highly-active composite photocatalyst comprising Bi nanosphere-decorated oxygen-vacancy BiOBr hollow microspheres with exposed (110) facets for the efficient degradation of azo dyes.
BaI3O9H: a new alkaline-earth metal hydroxy iodate with two groups
Authors: Ma Wenjuan , Huang Jianlong , Dai Bin , Yu Feng
Published: June 2022

A new alkali metal hydroxyl iodate BaI3O9H with a three-dimensional network structure and a moderate birefringence of 0.073 at 1064 nm.
Benchmarking various types of partial atomic charges for classical all-atom simulations of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Sizhe , Luan Binquan
Published: June 2022

The density derived electrostatic and chemical (DDEC) approach for calculating the charges of atoms in a metal–organic framework is considered to be the most accurate one, but computationally more costly than other popular charge-assignment methods.
Two-dimensional heterotriangulene-based manganese organic frameworks: bipolar magnetic and half semiconductors with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Authors: Wang Yue , Jiang Jiawei , Mi Wenbo
Published: June 2022

Bipolar magnetic semiconductors, half semiconductors and frustrated antiferromagnetic semiconductors appear in manganese organic frameworks.
Unravelling the highly efficient synthesis of individual carbon nanodots from casein micelles and the origin of their competitive constant-blue-red wavelength shift luminescence mechanism for versatile applications
Authors: Pricilla R. Blessy , Skoda David , Urbanek Pavel , Urbanek Michal , Suly Pavol , Domincova Bergerova Eva , Kuritka Ivo
Published: June 2022

Synthesis of individual casein based CND with a discrete luminescence mechanism.
A new green approach for the reduction of consumed solvents and simultaneous quality control analysis of several pharmaceuticals using a fast and economic RP-HPLC method; a case study for a mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole drugs
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Abdelaleem Eglal A. , Gamal Mohammed , Abourehab Mohammed A. S. , Abdelhamid Nessreen S.
Published: June 2022

We report a novel and green RP-HPLC method able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers.
Quantitative analysis of biomolecule release from polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide thin films
Authors: Horrocks Matthew S. , Kollmetz Tarek , O’Reilly Padraic , Nowak Derek , Malmström Jenny
Published: June 2022

The concept of biomolecule release from co-assembled PS-b-PEO films (left) is depicted. The main findings (right) display an analysis of protein stability, a release comparison depending on cargo size, and tuning release by adjusting film thickness.
Engineering of surface metal–nitrogen moieties in Fe–V based hybrid electrocatalysts for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jia , Zhang Sipeng , Song Xudong , Ma Baojun
Published: June 2022

Active metal nitrides are directly constructed on the Fe–V oxide surface. The metal–nitrogen sites can accelerate surface reconstruction to form the (oxy)hydroxide species, leading to superior OER activity.
Protic ethers as highly efficient hydrogen-bond regulators for aqueous eutectic electrolytes
Authors: Lu Xuejun , Liu Zhenhua , Tao Li , Sun Hao , Liu Yulong , Liu Jian
Published: June 2022

A precise regulation approach of protic ether substitute in eutectic electrolytes has demonstrated enhanced electrochemical performance of supercapacitors implementation.
A multiscale biomimetic strategy to design strong, tough hydrogels by tuning the self-assembly behavior of cellulose
Authors: Xie Yitong , Gao Shishuai , Ling Zhe , Lai Chenhuan , Huang Yuxiang , Wang Jifu , Wang Chunpeng , Chu Fuxiang , Xu Feng , Dumont Marie-Josée , Zhang Daihui
Published: June 2022

This study developed a biomimetic design integrating multiple features of biological tissues at the micro/molecular-scale to present a new strategy for fabricating transparent, isotropic, strong, tough, and multi-functional hydrogels.
Mechano-bactericidal anisotropic particles for oral biofilm treatment
Authors: Protasiuk L. E. , Serov N. S. , Lokteva A. V. , Kladko D. V. , Koshel E. I. , Vinogradov V. V.
Published: June 2022

Bacterial biofilms play a major etiological role in dental diseases worldwide.
Thiolated cationic poly(aspartamides) with side group dependent gelation properties for the delivery of anionic polyelectrolytes
Authors: Mammadova Aysel , Gyarmati Benjámin , Sárdi Kitti , Paudics Adrien , Varga Zoltán , Szilágyi András
Published: June 2022

A new synthetic strategy of thiolated polyaspartamides accelerated their oxidation-induced gelation and anionic polyelectrolytes are released in a controlled manner.
Supramolecular FeII4L4 cage for fast ammonia sensing
Authors: Li Weiyang , Sun Li , Liu Cuilian , Rotaru Aurelian , Robeyns Koen , L. Singleton Michael , Garcia Yann
Published: June 2022

A chiral supramolecular FeII4L4 metal-organic cage able to detect NH3(g) at room temperature with fast response time and superior selectivity, which we used to monitor food safety at 4°C on fresh bacon bits.
Adaptive framework towards radar‐based diversity gesture recognition with range‐Doppler signatures
Authors: Wang Liying , Cui Zongyong , Pi Yiming , Cao Changjie , Cao Zongjie
Published: June 2022

Radar‐based hand gesture recognition (HGR) has attracted growing interest in human–computer interaction. A rich diversity in how people perform gestures causes a large intra‐class variance, and the sample quality varies from person to person. It makes HGR more challenging to identify dynamic, complicated, and deforming hand gestures. It is urgent for the real world to explore a robust method that better identifies the gestures from non‐specified users. To address the above issues, an adaptive framework is proposed for gesture recognition, and it has two main contributions. First of all, a trajectory range Doppler map (t‐RDM) is obtained by non‐coherent accumulating for inter‐frame dependencies, and then t‐RDM is enhanced to highlight the trajectory information. Taking into account different movement patterns of the gestures, a two‐pathway convolutional neural network targeted for raw and enhanced t‐RDMs is proposed, which independently mines discriminative information from the two t‐RDMs with different salient features. Second, an adaptive individual cost (AIC) loss is proposed, aiming to establish a powerful feature representation by adaptively extracting the commonalities in variant gestures according to the sample quality. Based on a public dataset using soli radar, the proposed method is evaluated on two tasks: cross‐person recognition and cross‐scenario recognition. These two recognition modes require that the training set and the test set are mutually exclusive not only at the sample level but also at the source level. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the existing approaches for alleviating the low recognition performance caused by gesture diversity.