bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Puskesmas Nglegok Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Sari Yeni Kartika , Susanti Evi Tri
Published: September 2017

Until now, hypertension still become a major challenge in Indonesia, because hypertension is a condition that is often found in primary health care. Gender is one of the factors that influence blood pressure that cannot be changed. Male have higher rates of hypertension than women. Aging also resulted in the increase of blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of sexes and hypertension of elderly in Nglegok Public Health Center Kabupaten Blitar. This research was descriptive analytic by using cross sectional design. The population in this study was 54 people while the sample was 29 people. The data collection obtained from a medical record and analyzed by the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that there was no correlation between the sexes and hypertension of elderly in Nglegok Public Health Center Kabupaten Blitar with the Sig. 0.130. This was likely due to factors that affect hypertension was not only gender, but also age and physical activity, so that the elderly need to be stimulated to actively participate in elderly posyandu in each region, so that the activities of the elderly will increase
Gambaran Tumbuh Kembang Anak Bawah Dua Tahun (BADUTA) yang Memiliki Ibu Bekerja atau Tidak Bekerja di Kelurahan Bendogerit Kecamatan Sananwetan Kota Blitar
Authors: Ainii Qurrotu
Published: September 2017

In a childâ€™s life there are two processes that continue operating in growth and development, this process takes place interdependency which depend on each other.Experts say infant is a golden period, especially the age of 0-2 years old to reach 80% of the brain development. Lack affection of mother-first year of life have a negative impact on the upbringing of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of the development-growing children under 2 years old who have working mothers or not working at the Village Bendogerit Sananwetan District of Blitar. Method :This study was a descriptive study. The samples were taken with quota sampling technique using pre-screening questionnaire instrument development and anthropometric assessment. Result : From the research, the growth of children under 2 years old with the mother does not work 100% had appropriate growth and growth of children under 2 years old 93.75% of working mothers have the appropriate growth. While the development of the child under 2 years old with the mother does not work 93.75% had appropriate growth and development of children under 2 years old 87.5% of working mothers have the appropriate development. Discussion: Thus, the conclusion drawn growing up baduta in Village Bendogerit, Sananwetan District of Blitar with the mother did not work better than the development of the child baduta with working mothers. In accordance with the conclusions that had been raised, researchers gave suggestions to further research to better focus on the factors that affect growth and development in the mother works, as well as advice for the childâ€™s mother always bring KMS and always filled by officers.
Senam Rematik Meningkatkan Jarak Tempuh Berjalan Lansia dengan Nyeri Sendi di Panti Wreda Dharma Bhakti Pajang Surakarta
Authors: Susilowati Tri
Published: September 2017

Joint pain experienced by the elderly may limit walking ability like mileage. Mileage can be improved by reducing joint pain through exercise. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of rheumatic gymnastics to mileage in older adults with joint pain. This type of research is â€œTrue Experimentalâ€ with The Randomized Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design. Population is elderly inelderly house of Dharma Bhakti Pajang Surakarta who suffer joint pain and not in a state of total dependency. Sample was elderly who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria are 40 people (20 people per group). Normality test data used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Analysis of data (pre and post test) with a paired t test (for normal data) and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test test (for not normal data) with significance level of 95%. Changes in mileage differences between groups were tested with unpaired t test with significance level of 95%. The results showed mileage in the treatment group experienced an increase, in which the prices are p <0,05. The results of the study data analysis between groups showed that the mileage have p <0,05 (p = 0,022), which means that there are significant differences between groups. It needs a longer time for the adoption and application of the distance so exercise movement performed by the elderly is closer to the direction of movement so that the effect of exercise on mileage is higher.
Peran Keluarga dan Masyarakat dalam Perawatan Pasien Gangguan Jiwa
Authors: Pujianto Tutut , Agustin Retno Ardanari
Published: September 2017

Mental health is an integral part of health, and a condition that affects the physical, mental, andÂ  socialÂ  developmentÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  individualÂ  optimally.Â  MentalÂ  disorderÂ  isÂ  disturbancesÂ  in:Â  cognitive, volition, emotion (affective), and actions (psychomotor). Mental disorder is a collection of abnormal circumstances, whether physically related, or mentally. It is divided into two groups, namely: mental disorderÂ  (neurosis)Â  andÂ  mentalÂ  illnessÂ  (psychosis).Â  MentalÂ  disorderÂ  isÂ  causedÂ  byÂ  someÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  above causes affected simultaneously or coincidence occurs. The purpose of this study was to increase the role of family and society in the treatment of mental disorder patients which was consequently could reduce the number of mental disorders patients This research used obsevational design with descriptive analy- sis. The subjects were family members who treat mental disorder patients as much as 16 respondents. The data collection was done in October 2012. The family role data grouped into appropriate and inappro- priateÂ  category.Â  TheÂ  researchÂ  foundÂ  thatÂ  11Â  peopleÂ  (68.75%)Â  inÂ  theÂ  categoryÂ  ofÂ  inappropriate,Â  and appropriate by 5 people (31.25%), with average family role of 63.19%. The higher of inappropriate category was because 9 respondents (56.25%) in the age of elderly (> 50 years). This condition caused a decrease in the ability to perform daily activities, including health treatment. There were 4 patients who have been treated for 7-14 years, so the family feels accustomed to the condition of the patient. There were 8 people (50%) in productive age treated the patients, so it could not be done continuously. Based on these conditions, there should be efforts to increase knowledge and willingness of the patients and families, in caring for patients with mental disorders. The examples of such activities were to consult with the nearest health employees, and report to the health worker if there is a risky condition immedi- ately.
[RETRACTED] Perbedaan Kualitas Hidup pada Wanita Lanjut Usia yang Mengikuti Senam Gerak Latih Otak dan Terapi Musik Angklung
Authors: Putri Suci Tuty
Published: September 2017

This article has been retracted as a result of multiple publications from the article by the relevant author.Â Similar articles can be found at the URL :Â http://jks.fikes.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jks/article/view/671
Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Pernikahan Usia Dini dengan Sikap Siswa terhadap Pernikahan Usia Dini di SMA Negeri 2 Banguntapan Tahun 2015
Authors: Agtikasari Nurhayati
Published: September 2017

Data Riskesdas 2010 menunjukan prevalensi umur pernikahan pertama antara 15-19 tahun sebanyak 41,9 %. Data di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta (2013) pernikahan usia dini terbanyak di Kabupaten Bantul yaitu berjumlah 119 orang. Pernikahan usia dini menjadi isu penting kesehatan reproduksi remaja saat ini. Faktor yang mendorong sikap remaja terhadap pernikahan dinisalah satunya adalah faktor pengetahuan. Tujuan mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan tentang pernikahan usia dini dengan sikap siswa terhadap pernikahan usia dini di SMA Negeri 2 Banguntapan tahun 2015. Studi kolerasi ini menggunakan metode cross sectional. Populasi Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri 2 Banguntapan Bantul. Responden sebanyak 127 siswa dengan teknik kuota sampling. Hasil uji analisis dengan Chi Square didapatkan nilai significancy p sebesar 0,042. Sebagian besar responden mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik sebesar 74,8% (95), yang memiliki sikap tidak mendukung yaitu sebanyak 55,9% (71) dan yang memiliki pengetahuan baik serta sikap tidak mendukung 44,9% (57). Kesimpulan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan tentang pernikahan usia dini dengan sikap siswa terhadap pernikahan usia dini didapatkan nilai Asymp sig. p sebesar 0,042.
Gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada Keluarga yang Mengalami Kekeringan di Desa Balerejo Kecamatan Panggungrejo Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Lestari Adinda Putri
Published: September 2017

Drought has impacts especially an impairment of health. To avoid from range of health problem expected to implement clean and healthy living when drought. The purpose of this research is to show clean and healthy living of families who have drought in the Village Balerejo in Panggungrejo Blitar District. This research design used descriptive design. Populations in this research is 620 families. This research used quota sampling technique with sample from 62 families in the Village Balerejo in Panggungrejo Blitar Distric. The data was collected by filling out of the questionnaires. The data was undertaken on February 27th to March 31st 2016. The result showed that clean and healthy living of families who have drought in strata 3 or less 59.7 % (37 families). From the thirteenth of indicators that have category less namely the using of clean water, using of privy health and eat fruits and vegetables every day. This influenced by a factor of age, education, environmental and cultural. Recommendations research is expected could give contributions in clean water supply and improvement and execution of the clean and healthy living in of families that experienced the drought.
Pengetahuan Remaja tentang Program Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP)
Authors: Rulistyana Elsa
Published: September 2017

Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) adalah bagian dari program Keluarga Berencana Nasional untuk meningkatkan usia perkawinan pertama minimal usia 21 tahun bagi perempuan dan 25 tahun bagi laki-laki. Progam Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) akan memberikan dampak pada peningkatan usia kawin pertama yang pada gilirannya akan menurunkan Total Fertility Rate (TFR). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan remaja tentang program Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) di SMKN 3 Kota Blitar. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan populasi sebanyak 571 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 235 siswa dengan teknik proporsional ran- dom sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pembagian kuesioner. Hasil menunjukkan 83% pengetahuan baik, 15,3% pengetahuan cukup, dan 1,7% pengetahuan kurang. Pengetahuan remaja sudah baik, namun perlu ditingkatkan dalam hal yang berkaitan dengan pengaruh aspek kesehatan terhadap Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP). Saran untuk pihak sekolah sebaiknya informasi tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) disampaikan secara menarik melalui media bergambar.
Recognition of possible risk factors for clinically significant drug-drug interactions among Indian people living with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy and concomitant medications
Authors: Priyanka Poka Siva Sai Lakshmi , Varma Danturulu Muralidhar , Immadisetti Kavyasri , Rajesh Radhakrishnan , Vidyasagar Sudha , Guddattu Vasudeva
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

Greatest challenges for clinician is to recognize risk factors for clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs). There is a lack of awareness about CSDIs among healthcare professionals in India.

OBJECTIVE:

To recognize all possible risk factors for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and to identify clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs), the prevalence, pattern of occurrence of DDIs in People Living with HIV (PLW-HIV) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and concomitant medications.

METHODS:

A retrospective medical record review was carried out by clinical pharmacist with ethics committee approval. Case files of HIV patients receiving HAART with concomitant medications were analyzed for CSDIs using University of Liverpool drug interaction database and CSDIs were classified based on red flag indication (RFI) or contraindicated drug-drug interaction (XDDIs) and orange flag indication (OFI) or DDIs that needs close monitoring. Patients with DDIs (cases) and patients without DDIs (controls) were compared with Chi-square tests. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS:

A total of 240 HIV patients’ cases were screened. Out of which 267 DDIs were reported in 107 patients. Prevalence of DDIs was higher in male 71 (66.4%) compared to female 36 (33.6%). On zero-inflated poisson regression analysis, factors of polypharmacy, opportunistic infections, comorbid condition like Ischemic heart disease, respiratory tract infections, and psychiatric disorder were found to be predictors of high risk factors for DDIs to HAART. Fourteen XDDIs with RFI and two hundred fifty three DDIs with OFI were reported. XDDIs were atazanavir with fluconazole 4 (28.6%), ritonavir with fluconazole 4 (28.6%), nevirapine with rifampicin 2 (14.4%), ritonavir with quetiapine, atazanavir with pantoprazole. Pharmacokinetic DDIs were highest 238 (89.1%). Sixteen DDIs were reported in a single patient. The majority 97 (90.6%) patients had developed ≤5 DDIs, 8 (7.5%) developed six to eleven DDIs. The highest DDIs were reported with efavirenz 49 (18.4%) and zidovudine 44 (16.5%) based HAART regimen.

CONCLUSION:

In India, with the increasing access to HAART usage, Clinician must focus to pay attention to recognize possible risk factors for CSDIs associated with HAART regimen and strictly to avoid “Red Flag Indication combinations” while prescribing so as to prevent CSDIs.
Antidepressants and suicide among young women in Sweden 1999–2013
Authors: Larsson Jan
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To establish whether the young women (15–24 year old) who committed suicide in Sweden (1999–2013) received antidepressant treatment or not, and to what extent, prior to and/or at the time of suicide. To investigate the belief that increased prescription of antidepressants would drastically reduce the number of suicides.

METHODS:

An analysis of data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the Causes of Death Register, with registers cross checked, and from the National Board of Forensic Medicine.

RESULTS:

This analysis shows a covariance between increased prescription of antidepressants and an increasing trend in the number of suicides among young women. In the period 1999–2003 antidepressants were found in toxicological analyses done in 23% of the young women who committed suicide, and in 39% of cases for 2009–2013.

CONCLUSION:

An increasingly larger proportion of young women who later committed suicide, had in the last few years been treated with antidepressants, prior to and at the time of the suicide. The previous assumptions that treatment with antidepressants would lead to a drastic reduction in suicide rates, are incorrect for the population of young women. On the contrary, it was found that an increasing tendency of completed suicides follow the increased prescription of antidepressants.
Even Better than the Real Thing? Digital Copies and Digital Museums in a Digital Cultural Policy
Authors: Hylland Ole Marius
Published: September 2017

This article investigates how a digital turn and digital copies have influenced ideas, roles and authorities within a national museum sector. It asks whether digital mu-seums and their digital reproductions expand and/or challenge a traditional cul-tural policy. Two specific cases are highlighted to inform the discussion on these questions – the Norwegian digital museum platform DigitaltMuseum and Google Art Project. The article argues that there is a certain epochalism at play when the impact of a digital turn is analysed. At the same time, some clear major changes are taking place, even if their impact on cultural policies might be less than expec-ted. I propose that one of the changes is the replacing of authenticity with accessi-bility as the primary legitimating value of museum objects.
The Art of Copying: Five strategies for Transforming Originals in the Art Museum
Authors: Christensen Hans Dam
Published: September 2017

This article discusses copies within the field of art museums by way of mapping strategies for copy practices. This mapping leans heavily towards parts of the wri-tings of Jacques Derrida (1930–2004). Against the backdrop of this theoretical premise, the article distinguishes five main strategies. Firstly, the copies which of-ten are considered to be typical museum copies, characterize the strategy for the disseminating relation between original and copy, that is, reproductions, magnets, etc. This strategy implies how copy practices are closely integrated into museum practices in general. Secondly, the supplementing relation between original and copy will be introduced. This strategy frames, for example, artists’ citations of other works and forgeries. Both show that copy practices often lead to new originals, in principle, ad infinitum. Thirdly, this leads to the strategy for the displacing relation between original and copy which encompasses, for example, artistic reworkings of other artists’ originals and conservatorial restorations. This approach partly ex-cludes the copy and partly displaces the original, while still, unavoidably, referring to the latter. In general, this strategy signifies the latent instability of the origi-nal. Fourthly, the strategy for the informational relation between original and copy will be discussed as it has a vital function in terms of talking about museum originals and copies. This is the strategy which grants the original artifacts their status as museum objects. An informational copy is just as unique as an original object of art, and at the same time, it defines the original and is itself defined by this opposition. Lastly, the strategy for the imagined relation between original and copy follows. This strategy is dependent upon several of the previous approaches, and, in addition, handles signs that exist without explicit originals, as the strategy covers copies referring to originals which have disappeared, been destroyed, not seen yet, etc.; that is, this strategy produces images of originals not least by way of the disseminating relation between original and copy from the first strategy.
Culture Unbound Editorial Vol. 9
Authors: Hemmungs Wirtén Eva , Meese James , Dahlin Johanna , Wagrell Kristin
Published: September 2017

No abstract available.
Laser Welding under Vacuum: A Review
Authors: Jiang Meng , Tao Wang , Chen Yanbin
Published: September 2017

Laser welding has been widely used in various industry fields. In order to further alter and broaden its applicability, a novel technology of laser welding under vacuum is introduced. The combination of high power laser and low ambient pressure provides an excellent welding performance and quality. In this paper, an overview on laser welding under vacuum is presented. It begins with a short introduction about the research status of laser welding under vacuum. Next, the equipment of laser welding under vacuum is introduced. Then, the fundamental phenomena of laser welding under vacuum, including penetration depth, weld geometry, plasma plume, molten pool and keyhole behaviors, are summarized in detail. Finally, the applications and prospects of laser welding under vacuum are proposed.
The TORC2‐Dependent Signaling Network in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Roelants Françoise , Leskoske Kristin , Martinez Marshall Maria Nieves , Locke Melissa , Thorner Jeremy
Published: September 2017

To grow, eukaryotic cells must expand by inserting glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and proteins into their plasma membrane, and maintain the proper levels and bilayer distribution. A fungal cell must coordinate growth with enlargement of its cell wall. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a plasma membrane‐localized protein kinase complex, Target of Rapamicin (TOR) complex‐2 (TORC2) (mammalian ortholog is mTORC2), serves as a sensor and masterregulator of these plasma membrane‐ and cell wall‐associated events by directly phosphorylating and thereby stimulating the activity of two types of effector protein kinases: Ypk1 (mammalian ortholog is SGK1), along with a paralog (Ypk2); and, Pkc1 (mammalian ortholog is PKN2/PRK2). Ypk1 is a central regulator of pathways and processes required for plasma membrane lipid and protein homeostasis, and requires phosphorylation on its T‐loop by eisosome‐associated protein kinase Pkh1 (mammalian ortholog is PDK1) and a paralog (Pkh2). For cell survival under various stresses, Ypk1 function requires TORC2‐mediated phosphorylation at multiple sites near its C terminus. Pkc1 controls diverse processes, especially cell wall synthesis and integrity. Pkc1 is also regulated by Pkh1‐ and TORC2‐dependent phosphorylation, but, in addition, by interaction with Rho1‐GTP and lipids phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and diacylglycerol (DAG). We also describe here what is currently known about the downstream substrates modulated by Ypk1‐mediated and Pkc1‐mediated phosphorylation.
CH3NH3Cl Assisted Solvent Engineering for Highly Crystallized and Large Grain Size Mixed-Composition (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 Perovskites
Authors: Li Yihui , Zhang Taiyang , Xu Feng , Wang Yong , Li Ge , Yang Yang , Zhao Yixin
Published: September 2017

High-quality mixed-cation lead mixed-halide (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite films have been prepared using CH3NH3Cl additives via the solvent engineering method. The UV/Vis result shows that the addition of additives leads to enhanced absorptions. XRD and SEM characterizations suggest that compact, pinhole-free and uniform films can be obtained. This is attributable to the crystallization improvement caused by the CH3NH3Cl additives. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the F-doped SnO2 (FTO)/compact-TiO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag device increases from 15.3% to 16.8% with the help of CH3NH3Cl additive.
Structure of Multipartite Entanglement in Random Cluster-Like Photonic Systems
Authors: Ciampini Mario , Mataloni Paolo , Paternostro Mauro
Published: September 2017

Quantum networks are natural scenarios for the communication of information among distributed parties, and the arena of promising schemes for distributed quantum computation. Measurement-based quantum computing is a prominent example of how quantum networking, embodied by the generation of a special class of multipartite states called cluster states, can be used to achieve a powerful paradigm for quantum information processing. Here we analyze randomly generated cluster states in order to address the emergence of correlations as a function of the density of edges in a given underlying graph. We find that the most widespread multipartite entanglement does not correspond to the highest amount of edges in the cluster. We extend the analysis to higher dimensions, finding similar results, which suggest the establishment of small world structures in the entanglement sharing of randomised cluster states, which can be exploited in engineering more efficient quantum information carriers.
Evaluation of Demand-Side Management over Pricing Competition of Multiple Suppliers Having Heterogeneous Energy Sources
Authors: Han Kireem , Lee Joohyung , Choi Junkyun
Published: September 2017

This study investigates a demand-side management problem in which multiple suppliers compete with each other to maximize their own revenue. We consider that suppliers have heterogeneous energy sources and individually set the unit price of each energy source. Then, consumers that share a net utility react to the suppliers’ decisions on prices by deciding the amount of energy to request, or how to split the consumers’ aggregated demand over multiple suppliers. In this case, the consumers need to consider the power loss and the price to pay for procuring electricity. We analyze the economic benefits of such a pricing competition among suppliers (e.g., a demand-side management that considers consumers’ reaction). This is achieved by designing a hierarchical decision-making scheme as a multileader–multifollower Stackelberg game. We show that the behaviors of both consumers and suppliers based on well-designed utility functions converge to a unique equilibrium solution. This allows them to maximize the payoff from all participating consumers and suppliers. Accordingly, closed-form expressions are provided for the corresponding strategies of the consumers and the suppliers. Finally, we provide numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the solutions. This game-theoretic study provides an example of incentives and insight for demand-side management in future power grids.
Quantification of Pseudouridine Levels in Cellular RNA Pools with a Modified HPLC-UV Assay
Authors: Xu Jialin , Gu Alice , Thumati Naresh , Wong Judy
Published: September 2017

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant post-transcriptionally modified ribonucleoside. Different Ψ modifications correlate with stress responses and are postulated to coordinate the distinct biological responses to a diverse panel of cellular stresses. With the help of different guide RNAs, the dyskerin complex pseudouridylates ribosomal RNA, small nuclear RNA and selective messenger RNAs. To monitor Ψ levels quantitatively, a previously reported high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was modified to determine total Ψ levels in different cellular RNA fractions. Our method was validated to be accurate and precise within the linear range of 0.06–15.36 pmol/μL and to have absolute Ψ quantification levels as low as 3.07 pmol. Using our optimized HPLC assay, we found that 1.20% and 1.94% of all ribonucleosides in nuclear-enriched RNA and small non-coding RNA pools from the HEK293 cell line, and 1.77% and 0.98% of ribonucleosides in 18S and 28S rRNA isolated from the HeLa cell line, were pseudouridylated. Upon knockdown of dyskerin expression, a consistent and significant reduction in total Ψ levels in nuclear-enriched RNA pools was observed. Our assay provides a fast and accurate quantification method to measure changes in Ψ levels of different RNA pools without sample derivatization.
A Narrative of Resistance: A Brief History of the Dandara Community, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz , Oelze Fernando , Lopes Orlando
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a brief report on the history of the Dandara Occupation, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Through a general panorama of the strategies and resistance of the residents and movements involved; this paper shows the importance of the occupied territory in the struggle for the right to housing in the city. Through the narratives of the residents, references and photographic remnants of the initial years of the occupation, a temporal line is developed to the present day that reveals the challenges and opportunities for the people of Dandara in the making of their community.
Sample Size Estimation for Detection of Splicing Events in Transcriptome Sequencing Data
Authors: Kaisers Wolfgang , Schwender Holger , Schaal Heiner
Published: September 2017

Merging data from multiple samples is required to detect low expressed transcripts or splicing events that might be present only in a subset of samples. However, the exact number of required replicates enabling the detection of such rare events often remains a mystery but can be approached through probability theory. Here, we describe a probabilistic model, relating the number of observed events in a batch of samples with observation probabilities. Therein, samples appear as a heterogeneous collection of events, which are observed with some probability. The model is evaluated in a batch of 54 transcriptomes of human dermal fibroblast samples. The majority of putative splice-sites (alignment gap-sites) are detected in (almost) all samples or only sporadically, resulting in an U-shaped pattern for observation probabilities. The probabilistic model systematically underestimates event numbers due to a bias resulting from finite sampling. However, using an additional assumption, the probabilistic model can predict observed event numbers within a <10% deviation from the median. Single samples contain a considerable amount of uniquely observed putative splicing events (mean 7122 in alignments from TopHat alignments and 86,215 in alignments from STAR). We conclude that the probabilistic model provides an adequate description for observation of gap-sites in transcriptome data. Thus, the calculation of required sample sizes can be done by application of a simple binomial model to sporadically observed random events. Due to the large number of uniquely observed putative splice-sites and the known stochastic noise in the splicing machinery, it appears advisable to include observation of rare splicing events into analysis objectives. Therefore, it is beneficial to take scores for the validation of gap-sites into account.
Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Chi Hsiang-Cheng , Tsai Chung-Ying , Tsai Ming-Ming , Yeh Chau-Ting , Lin Kwang-Huei
Published: September 2017

Radiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic regimen applied to treat at least half of all cancer patients worldwide. Radioresistance of cancers or failure to treat certain tumor types with radiation is associated with enhanced local invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Elucidation of the biological characteristics underlying radioresistance is therefore critical to ensure the development of effective strategies to resolve this issue, which remains an urgent medical problem. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a small population of tumor cells that constitute the origin of most cancer cell types. CSCs are virtually resistant to radiotherapy, and consequently contribute to recurrence and disease progression. Metastasis is an increasing problem in resistance to cancer radiotherapy and closely associated with the morbidity and mortality rates of several cancer types. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that radiation induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by increased cancer recurrence, metastasis and CSC generation. CSCs are believed to serve as the basis of metastasis. Previous studies indicate that CSCs contribute to the generation of metastasis, either in a direct or indirect manner. Moreover, the heterogeneity of CSCs may be responsible for organ specificity and considerable complexity of metastases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding molecules over 200 nucleotides in length involved in the initiation and progression of several cancer types. Recently, lncRNAs have attracted considerable attention as novel critical regulators of cancer progression and metastasis. In the current review, we have discussed lncRNA-mediated regulation of CSCs following radiotherapy, their association with tumor metastasis and significance in radioresistance of cancer.
Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Bashir Khawaja Muhammad , Choi Jae-Suk
Published: September 2017

β-Glucans are a group of biologically-active fibers or polysaccharides from natural sources with proven medical significance. β-Glucans are known to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and immunomodulating activities. β-Glucans are natural bioactive compounds and can be taken orally, as a food supplement, or as part of a daily diet, and are considered safe to use. The medical significance and efficiency of β-glucans are confirmed in vitro, as well as using animal- and human-based clinical studies. However, systematic study on the clinical and physiological significance of β-glucans is scarce. In this review, we not only discuss the clinical and physiological importance of β-glucans, we also compare their biological activities through the existing in vitro and animal-based in vivo studies. This review provides extensive data on the clinical study of β-glucans.
In Vitro Corrosion and Biological Assessment of Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg Alloy Specimens
Authors: Galvin Emmet , Jaiswal Swarna , Lally Caitríona , MacDonald Bryan , Duffy Brendan
Published: September 2017

Bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloys have several advantages in biomedical implant applications as they reduce certain risks associated with conventional permanent implants. However, limited information is available for WE43 Mg alloy specimens with comparable size to that of biomedical implants such as cardiovascular stents and orthopaedic wires. The present work examines the corrosion and biological properties of WE43 stent precursor tubes and wire specimens suited for orthopaedic implants. The corrosion-induced loss of mechanical integrity as well as the corrosion-induced changes in surface morphology of the specimens are elucidated and compared. Cell viability assays were performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It was observed that Mg ions released from the WE43 alloy acted as a growth stimulator of HUVECs.
Copper Corrosion and Biocorrosion Events in Premise Plumbing
Authors: Vargas Ignacio , Fischer Diego , Alsina Marco , Pavissich Juan , Pastén Pablo , Pizarro Gonzalo
Published: September 2017

Corrosion of copper pipes may release high amounts of copper into the water, exceeding the maximum concentration of copper for drinking water standards. Typically, the events with the highest release of copper into drinking water are related to the presence of biofilms. This article reviews this phenomenon, focusing on copper ingestion and its health impacts, the physicochemical mechanisms and the microbial involvement on copper release, the techniques used to describe and understand this phenomenon, and the hydrodynamic effects. A conceptual model is proposed and the mathematical models are reviewed.
Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Tribological Properties of Hemp Fiber-Reinforced Plant-Derived Polyamide 1010 Biomass Composites
Authors: Nishitani Yosuke , Kajiyama Tetsuto , Yamanaka Toshiyuki
Published: September 2017

We have studied the effects of silane coupling agents used for the surface treatment of fiber on the tribological properties of hemp fiber (HF) reinforced plant-derived polyamide 1010 (PA1010) biomass composites. Hemp fibers were surface-treated by two surface treatment methods: (a) alkali treatment by sodium hydroxide solution and (b) surface treatment by silane coupling agents. Three types of silane coupling agents, namely aminosilane, epoxysilane and ureidosilane were used. These HF/PA1010 biomass composites were extruded using a twin extruder, and injection-molded. The mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated by the ring-on-plate type sliding wear test. It was found that tribological properties of HF/PA1010 biomass composites improved with the surface treatment by the silane coupling agent. This may be attributed to the change in the mode of friction and wear mechanism by the interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix polymer according to the type of silane coupling agent used. In particular, the ureidosilane coupling agent showed the best improvement effect for the tribological properties of these biomass composites in this study.
Pitting Corrosion of Steel Induced by Al2O3 Inclusions
Authors: Liu Qing , Yang Shufeng , Zhao Mengjing , Zhu Libin , Li Jingshe
Published: September 2017

To study the effect of Al2O3 inclusions on pitting corrosion in steel, our researchers utilized industrial pure iron as the raw material with the addition of a proper amount of pure aluminum powder to form Al2O3 inclusions. Corrosion experiments were performed by exposing the samples to a 6% FeCl3 solution at room temperature (25 °C) for different lengths of time. Microscopic corrosion morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the size change of the inclusions was quantitatively analyzed with Image Pro Plus. The experimental results showed that pitting corrosion arose preferentially around the Al2O3 inclusions, and that pitting corrosion initiated at the junction of the Al2O3 inclusions. The steel matrix dissolved and micro-cracks occurred as the Al2O3 inclusions that were buried shallowly below the surface of the steel matrix promoted corrosion of the steel matrix. As corrosion progressed, the shallowly buried Al2O3 inclusions began to appear on the surface, and the small, shallow inclusions fell off and formed micro pits. Furthermore, the clustered distribution of alumina inclusions had a greater effect on pitting initiation than the alumina inclusions distributed alone.
Misorientation-Dependent Twinning Induced Hardening and Texture Evolution of TWIP Steel Sheet in Plastic Deformation Process
Authors: Guo Ning , Sun Chaoyang , Fu Mingwang , Han Mingchuan
Published: September 2017

The quantitative contribution of twinning to hardening behavior and its effect on crystal orientation need to be explored in greater depth for design and forming of twinning-induced-plasticity (TWIP) steel products. To address this issue, the characteristics of twinning formation in the plastic deformation of Fe-30Mn-3Si-2Al TWIP steel are investigated in terms of intergranular misorientation distribution using electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD), which reveals that most deformation twins adhere to the high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of the face-center-cube (FCC) type TWIP steel. Texture measurements are conducted to show a stable volume fraction of major components including Goss, S and A orientations, while Copper shifts towards Brass orientation. A crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model based on virtual polycrystalline microstructure adopting representative volume element (RVE) is employed to simulate the deformation to reveal the correlation between misorientation-dependent twinning and hardening behavior of TWIP steel. The results demonstrate that the proportion of twinning hardening to overall hardening is larger than slip hardening. The stability of texture evolution is simulated to predict the anisotropy of TWIP steel. This research substantiates the twinning induced hardening and texture evolution in deformation of TWIP steel and thus is essential for accurate prediction of the mechanical behaviors.
Effect of Welding Process on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 600 Steel
Authors: Konat Łukasz , Białobrzeska Beata , Białek Paweł
Published: September 2017

In the article, the structure and selected mechanical properties of welded Hardox 600 steel are presented. It is shown that, after welding of this material in as-delivered condition (i.e., with post-martensitic structure), structures of lower wear resistance are created within heat-affected zones. These zones are over 80 mm wide, which makes them susceptible to uneven and fast wear in their intended applications. On the grounds of microscopic tests and hardness measurements, a thermal treatment of welded joints is suggested, consisting of quenching and low-temperature tempering of heat-affected zones. As a result of this treatment, the material structure in these areas becomes similar to the base material structure. Under laboratory conditions, the performed heat treatment does not cause any incompatibilities (cracks) in the welds.
A Work Area Visualization by Multi-View Camera-Based Diminished Reality
Authors: Mori Shohei , Maezawa Momoko , Saito Hideo
Published: September 2017

Hand-held tools are indispensable for efficient manual working in fields ranging from woodworking to surgery. In this paper, we present a diminished reality (DR) method to visualize areas occluded by hands and tools in various hand-working scenarios. We propose a redesigned existing arbitrary viewpoint image generation method for DR applications as a core DR background rendering to recover views without undesirable objects. We conducted quantitative and qualitative experiments using real data to validate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results showed that our method runs in real-time (40.1 fps) and surpasses conventional methods (including image inpainting-based and geometry-based approaches) in terms of image similarity measures.
Synthesis of Nitric Oxide Donors Derived from Piloty’s Acid and Study of Their Effects on Dopamine Secretion from PC12 Cells
Authors: Sanna Daniele , Rocchitta Gaia , Serra Maria , Abbondio Marcello , Serra Pier , Migheli Rossana , De Luca Lidia , Garribba Eugenio , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: September 2017

This study investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of nitric oxide (NO) generation by derivatives of Piloty’s acid (NO-donors) under physiological conditions. In order to qualitatively and quantitatively measure NO release, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was carried out with NO spin trapping. In addition, voltammetric techniques, including cyclic voltammetry and constant potential amperometry, were used to confirm NO release from Piloty’s acid and its derivatives. The resulting data showed that Piloty’s acid derivatives are able to release NO under physiological conditions. In particular, electron-withdrawing substituents favoured NO generation, while electron-donor groups reduced NO generation. In vitro microdialysis, performed on PC12 cell cultures, was used to evaluate the dynamical secretion of dopamine induced by the Piloty’s acid derivatives. Although all the studied molecules were able to induce DA secretion from PC12, only those with a slow release of NO have not determined an autoxidation of DA itself. These results confirm that the time-course of NO-donors decomposition and the amount of NO released play a key role in dopamine secretion and auto-oxidation. This information could drive the synthesis or the selection of compounds to use as potential drugs for the therapy of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
On-Line Dynamic Data Reconciliation in Batch Suspension Polymerizations of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Coimbra Jamille , Melo Príamo , Prata Diego , Pinto José
Published: September 2017

A phenomenological model was developed to describe the dynamic evolution of the batch suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate in terms of reactor temperature, pressure, concentrations and molecular properties of the final polymer. Then, the phenomenological model was used as a process constraint in dynamic data reconciliation procedures, which allowed for the successful monitoring of reaction variables in real-time and on-line. The obtained results indicate that heat transfer coefficients change significantly during the reaction time and from batch to batch, exerting a tremendous impact on the process operation. Obtained results also indicate that it can be difficult to attain thermodynamic equilibrium conditions in this system, because of the continuous condensation of evaporated monomer and the large mass transfer resistance offered by the viscous suspended droplets.
To Never See Death: Yeats, Reincarnation, and Resolving the Antinomies of the Body-Soul Dilemma
Authors: Serra C.
Published: September 2017

This essay addresses the ideas and schemas of reincarnation as used in the poetry and prose of William Butler Yeats, with particular focus on the two editions of A Vision. It contrasts the metaphysical system as given in A Vision (1937) with a number of inconsistencies found in Yeats’s poetic corpus, with an emphasis on how one might interpolate an escape from the cycle of lives, in at least one possibility while still maintaining corporality. The justification for this last comes from an analysis of complex cabalistic metaphors and teachings that Yeats learned as a member of MacGregor Mathers’ Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.
Spatial-Spectral-Emissivity Land-Cover Classification Fusing Visible and Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Zhong Yanfei , Jia Tianyi , Zhao Ji , Wang Xinyu , Jin Shuying
Published: September 2017

High-resolution visible remote sensing imagery and thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery are potential data sources for land-cover classification. In this paper, in order to make full use of these two types of imagery, a spatial-spectral-emissivity land-cover classification method based on the fusion of visible and thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery is proposed, namely, SSECRF (spatial-spectral-emissivity land-cover classification based on conditional random fields). A spectral-spatial feature set is constructed considering the spectral variability and spatial-contextual information, to extract features from the high-resolution visible image. The emissivity is retrieved from the thermal infrared hyperspectral image by the FLAASH-IR algorithm and firstly introduced in the fusion of the visible and thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery; also, the emissivity is utilized in SSECRF, which contributes to improving the identification of man-made objects, such as roads and roofs. To complete the land-cover classification, the spatial-spectral feature set and emissivity are integrated by constructing the SSECRF energy function, which relates labels to the spatial-spectral-emissivity features, to obtain an improved classification result. The classification map performs a good result in distinguishing some certain classes, such as roads and bare soil. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed SSECRF algorithm efficiently integrates the spatial, spectral, and emissivity information and performs better than the traditional methods using raw radiance from thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery data, with a kappa value of 0.9137.
A Multi-Stakeholder Delphi Study to Determine Key Space Management Components for Elderly Facilities in China
Authors: Li Lingzhi , Yuan Jingfeng , Roper Kathy , Zhou Zhipeng
Published: September 2017

The elderly population in China is increasing rapidly. To meet elderly residents’ housing demand, Chinese government makes great efforts to build more elderly facilities. However, major challenges in the operation of these elderly facilities, such as low space utilization rate, poor accessibility, poor environment and so on, have being emerging. The critical reason for challenges can be concluded as the lack of effective space management components. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to explore key space management components for China’s elderly facilities. Considering stakeholders’ (facility owner, facility manager, care staff, elderly residents, and academic researchers) viewpoints on space management, this study used a multi-stakeholder Delphi approach to determine key space management components through five steps. Based on the selection criteria, a total of 25 Delphi panellists with five stakeholder groups were invited and finally 23 Delphi panellists participated in the whole study process. Subsequently, the academic researchers among these panellists were employed to quantify the stakeholders’ influence with the parameter of stakeholder influencing factor. After that, the initial discussion on space management was performed to generate the initial list involving 11 space management components. Next, two ranking rounds were conducted to conclude the final significance scores of each space management component from five stakeholder groups’ feedbacks. With respect to the final ranking score and the values of influencing stakeholder factor, the decision score of each space management components was calculated, which integrated all stakeholder groups’ opinions. Finally, through two cut-off points, a total of seven components were selected as the key space management components for China’s elderly facilities including space planning and assignment, space utilization audit, space occupancy cost audit, space inventory management, space usability management, space change management, and the management of health safety and environment. These components will assist facility managers to conduct effective and sustainable space management practice for supporting organizational core business.