bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silibinin inhibits hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α‐mediated signaling, angiogenesis and lipogenesis in prostate cancer cells: In vitro evidence and in vivo functional imaging and metabolomics
Authors: Deep Gagan , Kumar Rahul , Nambiar Dhanya K. , Jain Anil K. , Ramteke Anand M. , Serkova Natalie J. , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: August 2016

Hypoxia is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) patients suggesting that PCa growth and progression could be controlled via targeting hypoxia‐induced signaling and biological effects. Here, we analyzed silibinin (a natural flavonoid) efficacy to target cell growth, angiogenesis, and metabolic changes in human PCa, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 cells under hypoxic condition. Silibinin treatment inhibited the proliferation, clonogenicity, and endothelial cells tube formation by hypoxic (1% O2) PCa cells. Interestingly, hypoxia promoted a lipogenic phenotype in PCa cells via activating acetyl‐Co A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) that was inhibited by silibinin treatment. Importantly, silibinin treatment strongly decreased hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α expression in PCa cells together with a strong reduction in hypoxia‐induced NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. HIF‐1α overexpression in LNCaP cells significantly increased the lipid accumulation and NOX activity; however, silibinin treatment reduced HIF‐1α expression, lipid levels, clonogenicity, and NOX activity even in HIF‐1α overexpressing LNCaP cells. In vivo, silibinin feeding (200 mg/kg body weight) to male nude mice with 22Rv1 tumors, specifically inhibited tumor vascularity (measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI) resulting in tumor growth inhibition without directly inducing necrosis (as revealed by diffusion‐weighted MRI). Silibinin feeding did not significantly affect tumor glucose uptake measured by FDG‐PET; however, reduced the lipid synthesis measured by quantitative 1H‐NMR metabolomics. IHC analyses of tumor tissues confirmed that silibinin feeding decreased proliferation and angiogenesis as well as reduced HIF‐1α, FASN, and ACC levels. Together, these findings further support silibinin usefulness against PCa through inhibiting hypoxia‐induced signaling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two cases of chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Expanding the spectrum of chronic immune polyradiculopathies
Authors: Khadilkar Satish , Patel Bhagyadhan , Mansukhani Khushnuma A. , Jaggi Sunila
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Immune‐mediated demyelinating radiculopathies restricted to proximal sensory or motor roots are uncommon. Methods: We report the clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and radiological features in 2 patients with chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy (CISMP). Results: The patients presented with sensory ataxia, weakness of the lower limbs, and areflexia. Electrophysiological studies revealed involvement of proximal sensorimotor roots, as evidenced by changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, F‐waves, and H‐reflexes. In contrast, the distal nerve segments were normal. Magnetic resonance neurography findings of thickened and enhanced roots supported the electrophysiological findings. The response to immunosuppressive therapy was favorable in both patients. Conclusion: The findings from these 2 patients further expand the knowledge spectrum of immune polyradiculopathies. Muscle Nerve 55:135–137, 2017
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and validation of the french version of the 15‐item Myasthenia Gravis Quality Of life scale
Authors: Birnbaum Simone , Ghout Idir , Demeret Sophie , Bolgert Francis , Eymard Bruno , Sharshar Tarek , Portero Pierre , Hogrel Jean‐Yves
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Evaluation of quality of life (QOL) has become essential in healthcare. Currently no MG‐specific QOL measure exists in French. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 15‐Item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life Scale (MG‐QOL15) scale for French myasthenia patients. Methods: Translation and cross‐cultural adaption of the MG‐QOL15 was performed, followed by reliability and validity evaluations. Results: One hundred and twenty‐five patients were included. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.92) as was test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.96). Concurrent validity was good for both clinical scores (myasthenic muscle score: ρ = –0.52, P < 0.001; Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale score: ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001). Correlations were strongest for overall QOL (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and physical health (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001) on the World Health Organization Quality of Life short score (WHO‐QOL BREF). Conclusion: The French version of the MG‐QOL15 is valid and reliable and is now available for use with French‐speaking patients. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 639–645, 2017
Create an advocate program to assist student‐veterans
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2016

When Adam Crawford, counselor for student life disability services at The Ohio State University, agreed to attend a meeting about the Student Veteran Community Advocate Program, he thought it was a training session. But it turned out to be much more and led to improvements in services for student‐veterans with disabilities from his office.
Follow 3 key tips for engaging your direct reports
Authors: Jarvis Kimberly , Munin Art
Published: August 2016

Staff members qualify as the strongest resource for helping adult program divisions to advance their mission and support their students. And that's why supporting, developing, and engaging the individuals we supervise are central components of the work we do.
Ionic Liquid Solvation versus Catalysis: Computational Insight from a Multisubstituted Imidazole Synthesis in [Et2NH2][HSO4]
Authors: Abdullayev Yusif , Abbasov Vagif , Ducati Lucas C. , Talybov Avtandil , Autschbach Jochen
Published: August 2016

The mechanisms of a tetrasubstituted imidazole [2‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1 H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)ethan‐1‐ol] synthesis from benzil, benzaldehyde, ammonium acetate, and ethanolamine in [Et2NH2][HSO4] ionic liquid (IL) are studied computationally. The effects of the presence of the cationic and anionic components of the IL on transition states and intermediate structures, acting as a solvent versus as a catalyst, are determined. In IL‐free medium, carbonyl hydroxylation when using a nucleophile (ammonia) proceeds with a Gibbs free energy (ΔG≠) barrier of 49.4 kcal mol−1. Cationic and anionic hydrogen‐bond solute–solvent interactions with the IL decrease the barrier to 35.8 kcal mol−1. [Et2NH2][HSO4] incorporation in the reaction changes the nature of the transition states and decreases the energy barriers dramatically, creating a catalytic effect. For example, carbonyl hydroxylation proceeds via two transition states, first proton donation to the carbonyl (ΔG≠=9.2 kcal mol−1) from [Et2NH2]+, and then deprotonation of ammonia (ΔG≠=14.3) via Et2NH. Likewise, incorporation of the anion component [HSO4]− of the IL gives comparable activation energies along the same reaction route and the lowest transition state for the product formation step. We propose a dual catalytic IL effect for the mechanism of imidazole formation. The computations demonstrate a clear distinction between IL solvent effects on the reaction and IL catalysis.
Mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of oriented electrospun nanofibers of zein/poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites
Authors: Jiang Dong , Hu Xiyu , Lin Zhenyu , De'sousa Annie , Xiao Jie , Jin Weiping , Huang Qingrong
Published: August 2016

Different ratios of zein/poly(ε‐caprolactone)(PCL) composite nanofibers were prepared by oriented electrospun techology to enhance toughness and ductility of zein. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PCL in the blends was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The tensile mechanical properties of zein/PCL blending systems were studied via texture analyzer. The fluorescence micrographs, polarized light micrographs, and water contract angle tests were also measured and discussed. The results show that the Avrami equations are applicable to describe the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the PCL in the blend systems. The mechanical properties of these nanofibers were significantly improved by the interlocked morphology of co‐continuous phases and partially miscible two‐phase systems. The films of zein/PCL blending systems with a hydrophilic surface do not dissolve in water and have excellent toughness and ductility. This is very favorable for its application in biodegradable materials and food packing materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2151–2159, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Termiticidal lectins from Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae) cause midgut damage when ingested by Nasutitermes corniger (Isoptera: Termitidae) workers
Authors: Lima Thâmarah A , Fernandes Kenner M , Oliveira Ana Patrícia S , Dornelles Leonardo P , Martins Gustavo F , Napoleão Thiago H , Paiva Patrícia MG
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Myracrodruon urundeuva is a hardwood tree, and its bark, heartwood and leaf contain lectins (MuBL, MuHL and MuLL respectively) with termiticidal activity against Nasutitermes corniger. In this work, the effects of these lectins on the midgut of N. corniger workers were evaluated.

RESULTS

The insects were supplied with an artificial diet containing the lectins at their respective LC50 (previously determined). At 48 h after treatment, the midguts were dissected and fixed for histopathology analyses. Toluidine‐blue‐stained midguts from lectin‐treated workers showed disorganisation, with the presence of debris in the lumen and the absence of brush border. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the numbers of digestive and proliferating cells were lower in lectin‐treated individuals than in the control, and caspase‐3 staining confirmed the occurrence of cell apoptosis. Enteroendocrine cells were not seen in the treated individuals. The midguts from treated insects showed greater staining for peroxidase than the control, suggesting that the lectins caused oxidative stress. Staining with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to FITC revealed that the lectins interfered with the integrity of the peritrophic matrix.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that termiticidal lectins from M. urundeuva cause severe injuries, oxidative stress and cell death in the midgut of N. corniger workers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
First‐principles study of electronic properties of GaN nanowires: Effect of surface orientation, passivation, and Mn doping
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Kumar Avaneesh , Jaiswal Neeraj K. , Sharma Varun
Published: August 2016

The present work is a comprehensive analysis of the electronic and magnetic properties of pristine and Mn‐doped GaN nanowires (NWs) using first‐principles calculations. The investigations were performed by considering the effects of size, shape, and passivation on GaN NWs oriented in three different crystallographic growth directions, namely [0001], , and . Binding energy calculations predict that the stability increases with the size of NWs with and without passivation. Formation energy shows that surface (core) position is energetically suitable for substitutional Mn doping in unpassivated (passivated) NWs. We found that [0001]‐orientated GaN NW is most energetically favorable and ‐orientated GaN NW is most suitable for substitutional doping. Mn doping causes the localization of energy states in the vicinity of the Fermi level and enhances the metallicity in the NWs. It is revealed that NWs retain their electronic nature even after doping, except for square‐shaped ‐oriented NW. The spin‐polarized electronic properties were also calculated for Mn‐doped NW. The result shows a unique half‐metallicity in square‐shaped NW oriented along the direction. The energetic stability of [0001]‐oriented GaN NW and the electronic behavior of unpassivated ‐oriented GaN NW can be useful as an interconnection between nanoelectronic devices and spin‐based applications.
Cover Picture: Effects of heavy alkali elements in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with efficiencies up to 22.6% (Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8/2016)
Authors: Jackson Philip , Wuerz Roland , Hariskos Dimitrios , Lotter Erwin , Witte Wolfram , Powalla Michael
Published: August 2016

No abstract is available for this article.
Cytotoxic activity of Secondary Metabolites from Marine‐derived Fungus Neosartorya siamensis in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Prata‐Sena M. , Ramos A.A. , Buttachon S. , Castro‐Carvalho B. , Marques P. , Dethoup T. , Kijjoa A. , Rocha E.
Published: August 2016

Compounds isolated from the marine sea fan‐derived fungus Neosartorya siamensis (KUFA 0017), namely, 2,4‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylacetophenon (1), chevalone C (2), nortryptoquivaline (4), tryptoquivaline H (6), tryptoquivaline F (7), fiscalin A (8), epi‐fiscalin A (9), epi‐neofiscalin A (11) and epi‐fiscalin C (13) were tested for anti‐proliferative activity by MTT assay, DNA damage induction by comet assay, and induction of cell death by nuclear condensation assay on colon HCT116, liver HepG2 and melanoma A375 cancer cell lines. Compounds 2, 4, 8, 9, 11 and 13 presented IC50 values ranging from 24 to 153 μM in the selected cell lines. Cell death was induced in HCT116 by compounds 2, 4 and 8. In HepG2, compounds 4, 8, 9 and 11 were able to induce significant cell death. This induction of cell death is possibly not related to genotoxicity because none of the compounds induced significant DNA damage. These results suggest that selected compounds present an interesting anti‐proliferative activity and cell death induction, consequently showing potential (specifically epi‐fiscalin C) as future leads for chemotherapeutic agents. Further studies on mechanisms of action should ensue. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel and emergent sandfly‐borne phleboviruses in Asia Minor: a systematic review
Authors: Ergunay Koray , Ayhan Nazli , Charrel Remi N.
Published: August 2016

Sandfly‐transmitted phleboviruses are globally spread agents causing febrile diseases and central nervous system infections. The activity of pathogenic phleboviruses, as well as several novel strains, has been reported from Turkey, a transboundary country connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa with suitable habitats for sandflies. This study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from Turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. A systematic review of Web‐based global and local resources was performed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses of particular phlebovirus sequences were also undertaken. Through the evaluation of 1693 international and regional entries, 31 manuscripts providing data on case reports or outbreaks, serological surveillance, animal infections and exposure, virus characterization, vector surveillance, and/or diagnostics were accessed. Detailed information on 5 novel phleboviruses completely or partially characterized during 2008–2015 as well as on clinical and epidemiological features of major phleboviruses established as human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Sicilian virus has been compiled. The ongoing activity of these agents, as indicated by consistently reported symptomatic cases and confirmed exposure in vertebrates including humans, was noted. The circulation in the Anatolian peninsula of phleboviruses with surprising diversity as well as distinct virus species is documented. Specific phlebovirus strains constitute a public health threat for local populations and travelers and must be considered in the diagnostic workup of clinically compatible cases. Human health impact and epidemiological aspects of certain viruses require further investigation via intensive surveillance.
Big data and the missing links
Authors: De Veaux Richard D. , Hoerl Roger W. , Snee Ronald D.
Published: August 2016

Although Big Data can have the potential to help researchers in science and industry solve large and complex problems, basic statistical ideas are often ignored in the Big Data literature. It is not true that simply having massive amounts of data renders subject‐matter models and experiments obsolete, alleviates the need to ensure data quality and no longer requires that variables accurately measure what they are supposed to. We refer to these fundamentals as missing links in the Big Data process. In this paper, we illustrate the challenges of making decisions from Big Data through a series of case studies. We offer some strategies to help ensure that projects based on Big Data analyses are successful. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Development of an Empirically Based Learning Performances Framework for Third‐Grade Students’ Model‐Based Explanations About Plant Processes
Authors: ZANGORI LAURA , FORBES CORY T.
Published: August 2016

To develop scientific literacy, elementary students should engage in knowledge building of core concepts through scientific practice (Duschl, Schweingruber, & Schouse, 2007). A core scientific practice is engagement in scientific modeling to build conceptual understanding about discipline‐specific concepts. Yet scientific modeling remains underemphasized in elementary science learning environments, and little past research has explored early learners’ engagement in domain‐specific modeling practices. Here we report on a design‐based study to investigate the ways in which third‐grade students generate model‐based explanations about two core plant growth and development processes: plant structure/function and plant life cycles. First, using design‐based research, we developed and empirically tested a learning performance framework that integrates discipline‐specific content with scientific practice to examine third‐grade students’ engagement in epistemic features of model‐based explanations about plant growth and development. Next, we used the learning performance framework as a rubric to measure third‐grade students mechanism‐based scientific explanations generated from the models they developed prior to and after a long‐term plant curriculum enactment. Findings from the learning performance highlight that students hold conceptual resources about plant processes and use this knowledge to reason in sophisticated ways. However, our findings from the pre/postmodels suggest that when students do not have opportunities to build conceptual knowledge, they depend on anthropomorphic analogies to reason about plant processes. Study findings imply that third‐grade students require more sophisticated opportunities in building knowledge about how and why plant processes occur so they can use this knowledge to scientifically reason about how and why plants grow, develop, and survive.
Before and After School: Literature Review about Australian School Age Child Care
Authors: Cartmel Jennifer , Hayes Amy
Published: August 2016

One in three Australian children attend school-age childcare. School Age Care (SAC) services have increased to meet the growing demand for children to have somewhere safe to go before and after school while their parents work. SAC services have continued to grow in size, but are still considered a “care” rather than “education” service. This literature review highlights some current features of Australian SAC childcare sector. Key features detailed include the growth in service usage and the particular organisation types that characterise the sector. Other themes identified relate to parent expectations, venues, workforce needs and children's wellbeing. This literature review advocates for more research about the SAC sector.
Special Issue: Caring for Children Outside the Home – From Institutions to Nations
Authors: Barclay Katie
Published: August 2016

This special issue began its life in 2015 in a series of workshops funded by the University of Adelaide that ran under the theme ‘Dis/located Children: Children in/and Care’. The goal of the workshops was to take seriously the concept of ‘care’ as it applied to the lives of children. The workshops had a particular focus on childhoods that were in some sense beyond the normative, whether that was migrant or refugee children adapting to a new culture, children who lived outside the nuclear household, or children whose identities marked them as ‘different’. They were underpinned by developments in both childhood and emotions studies that seek to destabilise the ‘naturalness’ of both childhood and emotion by exploring the ways that both are contingent, shaped by culture, and situated in historical time (Davin, 1999; Rosenwein, 2010). Over four events, the workshops brought together over 40 scholars and practitioners from a variety of disciplines, including history, literature, gender studies, law, education, social work, and psychology. The articles brought together in this special issue reflect this diversity of disciplinary approach.
Why Do Some Cores Remain Starless?
Authors: Anathpindika S.
Published: August 2016

Prestellar cores, by definition, are gravitationally bound but starless pockets of dense gas. Physical conditions that could render a core starless (in the local Universe) is the subject of investigation in this work. To this end, we studied the evolution of four starless cores, B68, L694-2, L1517B, L1689, and L1521F, a VeLLO. We demonstrate: (i) cores contracted in quasistatic manner over a timescale on the order of ~ 105 yr. Those that remained starless briefly acquired a centrally concentrated density configuration that mimicked the profile of a unstable BonnorEbert sphere before rebounding, (ii) three cores viz. L694-2, L1689-SMM16, and L1521F remained starless despite becoming thermally super-critical. By contrast, B68 and L1517B remained sub-critical; L1521F collapsed to become a VeLLO only when gas-cooling was enhanced by increasing the size of dust-grains. This result is robust, for other starless cores viz. B68, L694-2, L1517B, and L1689 could also be similarly induced to collapse. The temperature-profile of starless cores and those that collapsed was found to be radically different. While in the former type, only very close to the centre of a core was there any evidence of decline in gas temperature, by contrast, a core of the latter type developed a more uniformly cold interior. Our principle conclusions are: (a) thermal super-criticality of a core is insufficient to ensure it will become protostellar, (b) potential star-forming cores (the VeLLO L1521F here), could be experiencing dust-coagulation that must enhance gasdust coupling and in turn lower gas temperature, thereby assisting collapse. This also suggests, mere gravitational/virial boundedness of a core is insufficient to ensure it will form stars.
DOES REPEATED PRACTICE MAKE PERFECT? THE EFFECTS OF WITHIN-SESSION REPEATED RETRIEVAL ON SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Nakata Tatsuya
Published: August 2016

Although research shows that repetition increases second language vocabulary learning, only several studies have examined the long-term effects of increasing retrieval frequency in one learning session. With this in mind, the present study examined the effects of within-session repeated retrieval on vocabulary learning. The study is original in that it (a) gave posttests after a delay greater than 2 weeks, (b) employed a paired-associate format to exert strict control over the treatment, (c) considered time-on-task as a factor, and (d) used the same target items for different frequency levels. In this study, 98 Japanese learners studied 16 English-Japanese word pairs using one of the following four retrieval frequency levels: one, three, five, or seven. Results showed that five and seven retrievals contributed to significantly higher scores than one and three retrievals regardless of the posttest timing. When time-on-task was controlled, however, one retrieval led to the largest gain.
Exploring attitudes and understanding of global conservation practice among birders and avitourists for enhanced conservation of birds
Authors: STEVEN ROCHELLE , MORRISON CLARE , CASTLEY J. GUY
Published: August 2016

Birders are generally nature-oriented; however, their understanding of key bird conservation issues remains under-examined. We surveyed English-speaking birders online and face-to-face, asking questions related to their views on conservation, conservation funding and their understanding of a global bird conservation programme (BirdLife International’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas [IBAs]). Most birders who responded to the survey were from Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa and the USA. Birders tend to value bird conservation in an ecocentric way, often citing the overarching importance of general biodiversity. The ecological roles that birds play were also highlighted, but this varied across socio-demographic groups. Despite their positive support for conservation, less than half of all birders surveyed were familiar with the IBA programme. Familiarity with IBAs was driven by socio-demographic factors, with males more familiar than females and South African birders more familiar than birders from Australia and the United Kingdom. Most birders are willing to make contributions to bird conservation when visiting key birding sites, however they also feel governments should remain the main funders of conservation. Opportunities to enhance engagement between birders and bird conservation groups exist with most indicating a desire to learn more about bird conservation at birding sites. Increasing access to relevant information and presenting opportunities to contribute to conservation at birding sites could provide tangible benefits for bird habitats, protected areas and bird conservation groups.
Development of Mass-casualty Life Support-CBRNE (MCLS-CBRNE) in Japan
Authors: Anan Hideaki , Otomo Yasuhiro , Kondo Hisayoshi , Homma Masato , Koido Yuichi , Morino Kazuma , Oshiro Kenichi , Harikae Kiyokazu , Akasaka Osamu
Published: August 2016

This report outlines the need for the development of an advanced course in mass-casualty life support (MCLS) and introduces the course content. The current problems with education on disasters involving chemical agents, biological agents, radiation/nuclear attacks, or explosives (CBRNE) in Japan are presented. This newly developed “MCLS-CBRNE” program was created by a Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan) research group based on these circumstances. Modifications were then made after a trial course. Training opportunities for relevant organizations to learn how to act at a CBRNE disaster site currently are lacking. The developed course covers initial responses at a disaster site. This one-day training course comprises lectures, three tabletop simulations, and practical exercises in pre-decontamination triage and post-decontamination triage. With regard to field exercises conducted to date, related organizations have experienced difficulties in understanding each other and adapting their approaches. Tabletop simulations provide an opportunity for participants to learn how organizations working on-site, including fire, police, and medical personnel, act with differing goals and guiding principles. This course appears useful as a means for relevant organizations to understand the importance of developing common guidelines. The MCLS-CBRNE training is proposed to support CBRNE disaster control measures during future events.

AnanH, OtomoY, KondoH, HommaM, KoidoY, MorinoK, OshiroK, HarikaeK, AkasakaO. Development of mass-casualty life support-CBRNE (MCLS-CBRNE) in Japan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):547–550.
Talk “Like a Man”: The Linguistic Styles of Hillary Clinton, 1992–2013
Authors: Jones Jennifer J.
Published: August 2016

Hillary Clinton is arguably the most prominent woman in American politics today. Past research suggests female politicians conform to masculine communication styles in an attempt to evade the “double bind.” Clinton’s long and varied career thus provides an important and useful case study for investigating how female politicians present themselves strategically. Drawing on research in political psychology, political communication, social psychology, and linguistics I examine whether Clinton talked “like a man” as she navigated a path toward political leadership by conducting a quantitative textual analysis of 567 interview transcripts and candidate debates between 1992–2013. Results on Clinton’s linguistic style suggest her language grew increasingly masculine over time, as her involvement and power in politics expanded. I also consider Clinton’s language in the context of her 2007–2008 presidential campaign. In 2007, Clinton’s linguistic style was consistently masculine, supporting widespread accounts of Clinton’s campaign strategy. Beginning in late 2007, however, Clinton’s language became more feminine, reflecting a shift in the self-presentational strategies advised by her campaign staff. Throughout the 2008 campaign period, Clinton’s language fluctuated dramatically from one interview to the next, reflecting a candidate—and campaign—in crisis. This study reveals hidden insight into the strategies Clinton used as she navigated through the labyrinth toward leadership. Changes in Clinton’s linguistic style reflect the performance of gendered roles, expectations of political leaders, and the masculine norms of behavior that permeate political institutions.
The fine-scale genetic structure of the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) in the north-eastern part of Tanzania
Authors: Gélin P. , Magalon H. , Drakeley C. , Maxwell C. , Magesa S. , Takken W. , Boëte C.
Published: August 2016

Understanding the impact of altitude and ecological heterogeneity at a fine scale on the populations of malaria vectors is essential to better understand and anticipate eventual epidemiological changes. It could help to evaluate the spread of alleles conferring resistance to insecticides and also determine any increased entomological risk of transmission in highlands due to global warming. We used microsatellite markers to measure the effect of altitude and distance on the population genetic structure ofAnopheles funestusandAnopheles gambiae s.s. in the Muheza area in the north-eastern part of Tanzania (seven loci for each species). Our analysis reveals strong gene flow between the different populations ofAn. funestusfrom lowland and highland areas, as well as between populations ofAn. gambiaesampled in the lowland area. These results highlight forAn. funestusthe absence of a significant spatial subpopulation structuring at small-scale, despite a steep ecological and altitudinal cline. Our findings are important in the understanding of the possible spread of alleles conferring insecticide resistance through mosquito populations. Such information is essential for vector control programmes to avoid the rapid spread and fixation of resistance in mosquito populations.
Clustering of massive compact galaxies at 1 ≤ z ≤ 3 in CANDELS/3D-HST
Authors: Fan Lulu , Lin Xiaozhi , Kong Xu , Fang Guanwen
Published: August 2016

We present a measurement of the spatial clustering of massive compact galaxies at 1 ≤ z ≤ 3 in CANDELS/3D-HST. We obtain the correlation length and characteristic DM halo masses for compact quiescent galaxies (cQGs) at z ~ 1.5 and compact starforming galaxies (cSFGs) at z ~ 2.5. By comparison with extended starforming galaxies (eSFGs), our result indicates that eSFGs are less possible to be the progenitors of cQGs at lower redshift. Our results indicates that cQGs at z ~ 1.5 could be the progenitors of local luminous ETGs and the descendants of cSFGs and SMGs at z > 2.
New emerging results on molecular gas, stars, and dust at z ~ 2, as revealed by low star formation rate and low stellar mass star-forming galaxies
Authors: Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Zamojski Michel , Schaerer Daniel , Combes Françoise , Egami Eiichi , Sklias Panos , Swinbank Mark A. , Richard Johan , Rawle Tim
Published: August 2016

Recent CO surveys of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z ~ 2 have revolutionized our picture of massive galaxies. It is time to expand these studies toward the more common z ~ 2 SFGs with SFR < 40 M⊙ yr−1 and M* < 2.5 × 1010 M⊙. We have derived molecular gas, stars, and dust in 8 such lensed SFGs. They extend the LIR–L'CO(1-0) distribution of massive z>1 SFGs and increase the spread of the SFG star formation efficiency (SFE). A single star formation relation is found when combining all existing CO-detected galaxies. Our low-M* SFGs also reveal a SFE decrease with M* as found locally. A rise of the molecular gas fraction (fgas) with redshift is observed up to z ~ 1.6, but it severely flattens toward higher redshifts. We provide the first insight into the fgas upturn at the low-M* end 109.4 < M*/M⊙ < 1010 reaching fgas ~ 0.7, it is followed by a fgas decrease toward higher M*. Finally, we find a non-universal dust-to-gas ratio among local and high-redshift SFGs and starbursts with near-solar metallicities.
Photometric Redshift Techniques in Big-data Era
Authors: Zhang Yan-Xia , Zhao Yong-Heng
Published: August 2016

Photometric data increase with large survey projects running. The huge volume of data influences the means and methods to deal with them. As such, the techniques of photometric redshift estimation based on photometric data must be developed and improved.
Properties of high z galaxies in the ELTs era
Authors: Greggio L. , Gullieuszik M. , Falomo R. , Fantinel D. , Uslenghi M.
Published: August 2016

The extraordinary sensitivity and spatial resolution of the future extremely large telescopes will allow us to extensively characterize the photometrical and structural properties of high redshift galaxies in spite of their very small size. With such future facilities it will be possible to derive both accurate photometry and detailed morphology of very distant galaxies that are mandatory to tackle fundamental problems on the processes of galaxy formation and evolution.
Environmental Effects on LRGs as Cosmic Chronometers
Authors: Liu Gaochao , Lu Youjun , Xie Lizhi , Chen Xuelei , Zhao Yongheng
Published: August 2016

Massive luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are believed to be evolving passively and can be used as cosmic chronometers to estimate the Hubble constant (the differential age method). However, different LRGs may be located in different environments. We investigate the environmental and mass dependence of the formation of ‘quiescent’ LRGs by using the population synthesis software STARLIGHT. We derive the stellar populations in each LRG, and obtain the mean age distribution and the mean star formation history (SFH) of those LRGs. We find that there is no apparent dependence of the mean age and the SFH of quiescent LRGs on their environment, while the ages of these quiescent LRGs depend weakly on their mass. We also evaluate the possible uncertainties in estimating the Hubble constant by the differential age method when using LRGs as cosmic chronometers.
Properties of galaxies around the most massive SMBHs
Authors: Shirasaki Yuji , Komiya Yutaka , Ohishi Masatoshi , Mizumoto Yoshihiko
Published: August 2016

We present result of the clustering analysis performed between AGNs and galaxies. AGN samples with redshift 0.1–1.0 were extracted from AGN properties catalogs which contain virial mass estimates of SMBHs. Galaxy samples were extracted from SDSS DR8 catalog and UKIDSS DR9 LAS catalog. The catalogs of SDSS and UKIDSS were merged and used to estimate the IR-opt color and IR magnitude in the rest frame by SED fitting. As we had no redshift information on the galaxy samples, stacking method was applied. We investigated the BH mass dependence of cross correlation length, red galaxy fraction at their environment, and luminosity function of galaxies. We found that the cross correlation length increase above MBH ≥ 108.2M⊙, and red galaxies dominate the environment of AGNs with MBH ≥ 109M⊙. This result indicates that the most massive SMBHs are mainly fueled by accretion of hot halo gas.
Probing Reionization at z ≳ 7 with HST's Near-Infrared Grisms
Authors: Schmidt Kasper B. ,   The GLASS Team
Published: August 2016

The epoch of reionization, i.e. the phase transition of the inter-galactic medium from neutral to fully ionized, is essential for our understanding of the evolution of the Universe and the formation of the first stars and galaxies. The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) has obtained spectra of ten thousands of objects in and behind 10 massive galaxy clusters, including the six Hubble Frontier Fields. The grism spectroscopy from GLASS results in hundreds of spectra of z ≳ 7 galaxy candidates. Taking advantage of the lensing magnification from the foreground clusters, the GLASS spectra reaches unprecedented depths in the near-infrared with observed flux limits of ~ 5 × 10−18erg/s/cm2 before correcting for the lens magnification. This has resulted in several Lyα detections at z ~ 7 and tight limits on the emission line fluxes for non-detections. From an ensemble of different photometric selections, we have assembled more than 150 z ≳ 7 galaxy candidates from six of the ten GLASS clusters. Among these more than 20 objects show emission lines consistent with being Lyα at z ≳ 7. The spatial extent of Lyα estimated from a stack of the most promising Lyα emitters at 〈z〉 = 7.2 is consistent with the spatial extent of the UV continuum emission. From the stack we obtain upper limits on the emission line ratios between prominent rest-frame UV emission lines, finding that fCIV/fLyα ≲ 0.32 and fCIII]/fLyα ≲ 0.23 in good agreement with values published in the literature.
The Enhancement of BAO in the SDSS MGS
Authors: Tian H. J. , Neyrinck M. C. , Budavári T. , Szalay A. S.
Published: August 2016

We show that redshift-space distortions of galaxy correlations have a strong effect on correlation functions with the signature of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). Near the line of sight, the features become sharper as a result of redshift-space distortions. We analyze the SDSS DR7 main-galaxy sample (MGS), splitting the sample into slices 2.5 deg on the sky in various rotations. Measuring 2D correlation functions in each slice, we do see a sharp bump along the line of sight. Using Mexican-hat wavelets, we localize it to (110 ± 10) h − 1 Mpc and estimate its significance at about 4σ.
Discovery of a 12 billion solar mass black hole at redshift 6.3 and its challenge to the black hole/galaxy coevolution at cosmic dawn
Authors: Wu Xue-Bing , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Yi Weimin , Zuo Wenwen , Bian Fuyan , Jiang Linhua , McGreer Ian D. , Wang Ran , Yang Jinyi , Yang Qian , Thompson David , Beletsky Yuri
Published: August 2016

The existence of black holes with masses of about one billion solar masses in quasars at redshifts z > 6 presents significant challenges to theories of the formation and growth of black holes and the black hole/galaxy co-evolution in the early Universe. Here we report a recent discovery of an ultra-luminous quasar at redshift z = 6.30, which has an observed optical and near-infrared luminosity a few times greater than those of previously known z > 6 quasars. With near-infrared spectroscopy, we obtain a black hole mass of about 12 billion solar masses, which is well consistent with the mass derived by assuming an Eddington-limited accretion. This ultra-luminous quasar with at z > 6 provides a unique laboratory to the study of the mass assembly and galaxy formation around the most massive black holes at cosmic dawn. It raises further challenges to the black hole/galaxy co-evolution in the epoch of cosmic reionization because the black hole needs to grow much faster than the host galaxy.
Alignment of Red-Sequence Cluster Dwarf Galaxies: From the Frontier Fields to the Local Universe
Authors: Barkhouse Wayne A. , Archer Haylee , Burgad Jaford , Foote Gregory , Rude Cody , López-Cruz Omar
Published: August 2016

We investigate the alignment effect of red-sequence dwarf galaxies using a sample of 121 low-redshift galaxy clusters and cluster galaxies selected from the HST Frontier Fields.
Dark Matter Halos and the Main Sequence of Starforming Galaxies
Authors: Aussel Hervé , Peirani Sébastien , Vigroux Laurent
Published: August 2016

We investigate why hydrodynamical numerical simulations have difficulties (Weinmann et al. 2011) in reproducing the Main Sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies, i.e. the fact that galaxies forming stars lie on a tight power law sequence in the stellar mass (M*), star formation rate (SFR) plane (Schreiber et al. 2015). Instead of trying to improve the agreement of simulations with the observations by modifying the subgrid recipes of baryons, we take here a step back to check whether the accretion onto dark matter halos is consistent with the existence of the main sequence of star forming galaxies.
Quenching of Star-formation Activity of High-redshift Galaxies in Clusters and Field
Authors: Lee Seong-Kook , Im Myungshin , Kim Jae-Woo , Lotz Jennifer , McPartland Conor , Peth Michael , Koekemoer Anton
Published: August 2016

At local, galaxy properties are well known to be clearly different in different environments. However, it is still an open question how this environment-dependent trend has been shaped. We present the results of our investigation about the evolution of star-formation properties of galaxies over a wide redshift range, from z ~ 2 to z ~ 0.5, focusing its dependence on their stellar mass and environment (Lee et al. 2015). In the UKIDSS/UDS region, covering ~2800 square arcmin, we estimated photometric redshifts and stellar population properties, such as stellar masses and star-formation rates, using the deep optical and near-infrared data available in this field. Then, we identified galaxy cluster candidates within the given redshift range. Through the analysis and comparison of star-formation (SF) properties of galaxies in clusters and in field, we found interesting results regarding the evolution of SF properties of galaxies: (1) regardless of redshifts, stellar mass is a key parameter controlling quenching of star formation in galaxies; (2) At z < 1, environmental effects become important at quenching star formation regardless of stellar mass of galaxies; and (3) However, the result of the environmental quenching is prominent only for low mass galaxies (M* < 1010 M⊙) since the star formation in most of high mass galaxies are already quenched at z > 1.
UV escape fraction and dust distribution of star forming galaxies at z = 0-3: a new dust attenuation model
Authors: Kusakabe Haruka , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Shimizu Ikkoh
Published: August 2016

The UV escape fraction, fescUV, is a key parameter determining the apparent SED of star forming galaxies. However, it is not well known how fescUV depends on the global geometry of dust distribution, nor how it evolves with time, although several models are proposed (e.g., Calzetti (2001)). We use ~130 normal star-forming galaxies (114 at z ~ 0 from Cortese et al. (2012) and 15 at z ~ 1–3 from Magnelli et al. (2012) and Saintonge et al. (2013)), to find that the z ~ 0 galaxies show a relatively tight anti-correlation between fescUV and surface dust mass density, Σd (See Fig. 1(a)). This correlation can be reproduced by a dust geometry model that well-mixed stars and dust follow the same exponential profile (Fig. 1(b)) with an effective mass-absorption coefficient κ(1600 Å) = 7.6+5.3−3.0 × 104 cm2 g−1, similar to the Milky Way value including absorption and scatter. The z ~ 1–3 galaxies are not inconsistent with this model. Our model can be easily implemented in semi-analytic models and cosmological hydrodynamics simulations (CHSs) of galaxy formation. Initial results for Shimizu et al. (2014)'s CHSs are presented.
The High-Redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey
Authors: Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Blanton Elizabeth L. , Wing Joshua , Ashby M.L.N. , Brodwin Mark , Golden-Marx Emmet
Published: August 2016

The number of confirmed, high-redshift galaxy clusters is very low compared to the number of well-studied clusters nearby. Bent, double-lobed radio sources are frequently found in galaxy clusters, and thus can be used as tracers for efficiently locating high-redshift clusters. Using our Spitzer Snapshot Survey, we have identified approximately 300 potential new clusters with redshifts 0.7 < z < 3. These objects make up the high-redshift portion of the Cluster Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) survey. We have created color-magnitude diagrams using infrared and optical data. Using the colors of the radio source host and the red sequence we can estimate redshifts for our clusters, as well as examine the evolution of the cluster galaxies over a large range of cosmic time.
High–redshift quasars and blazars and their relation to high–redshift galaxies
Authors: Mickaelian Areg , Abrahamyan Hayk , Paronyan Gurgen
Published: August 2016

High–redshift quasars and blazars are among the most powerful sources in the Universe and among the highest luminosity sources, as in optical, so as in X–ray, UV, IR and radio range. We have created a full sample of blazars and high–redshift quasars (z≥2.15). The evolutionary relation of high–redshift quasars and blazars to high–redshift galaxies is discussed using the luminosity evolution.
Ultra Massive Passive Galaxies at z~1.7
Authors: Arcila-Osejo Liz , Sawicki Marcin , Golob Anneya , Arnouts Stephane , Moutard Thibaud
Published: August 2016

At redshift z~1.7 the Universe was at the peak of its star-formation activity. It is thus a puzzle why some galaxies, many of them very massive (M* ⩾ 1011 M⊙), had already chosen to stop forming stars. These ultra-massive galaxies, guaranteed to be the central galaxies of their host dark matter halos, must have attained very high rates of star formation to assemble their stellar masses in such a short amount of time. Using the largest (to date) K-selected gzKs survey of passive galaxies (in an effective area of ~ 27.5 deg2) we study the demographics of these dead monsters, hoping to help understand the quenching mechanism that shut them down.
A consistent view on star-forming galaxies at high redshift from multi-wavelength observations and SED modeling
Authors: Schaerer Daniel , de Barros Stephane , Boone Frederic
Published: August 2016

We stress the importance of consistent SED analysis for distant star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We then summarise recent results from such an analysis concerning their basic physical properties, such as the determination of star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, specific star SFR, UV attenuation, and how this affects our knowledge of star formation properties at high-z.
SXDF-UDS-CANDELS-ALMA 1.5 arcmin2 deep survey
Authors: Kohno K. , Yamaguchi Y. , Tamura Y. , Tadaki K. , Hatsukade B. , Ikarashi S. , Caputi K.I. , Rujopakarn W. , Ivison R.J. , Dunlop J.S. , Motohara K. , Umehata H. , Yabe K. , Wang W.H. , Kodama T. , Koyama Y. , Hayashi M. , Matsuda Y. , Hughes D. , Aretxaga I. , Wilson G.W. , Yun M.S. , Ohta K. , Akiyama M. , Kawabe R. , Iono D. , Nakanishi K. , Lee M. , Makiya R.
Published: August 2016

We have conducted 1.1 mm ALMA observations of a contiguous 105” × 50” or 1.5 arcmin2 window in the SXDF-UDS-CANDELS. We achieved a 5σ sensitivity of 0.28 mJy, giving a flat sensus of dusty star-forming galaxies with LIR ~6×1011L⊙ (if Tdust=40K) up to z ~ 10 thanks to the negative K-correction at this wavelength. We detected 5 brightest sources (S/N>6) and 18 low-significant sources (5>S/N>4; they may contain spurious detections, though). One of the 5 brightest ALMA sources (S1.1mm = 0.84 ± 0.09 mJy) is extremely faint in the WFC3 and VLT/HAWK-I images, demonstrating that a contiguous ALMA imaging survey uncovers a faint dust-obscured population invisible in the deep optical/near-infrared surveys. We find a possible [CII]-line emitter at z=5.955 or a low-z CO emitting galaxy within the field, allowing us to constrain the [CII] and/or CO luminosity functions across the history of the universe.