bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dog Bite Patients and their Attendants Visiting Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre – A Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Authors: Alam Syed Mahboob , Jamali Seemin , Farah-Saeed . , Umair Uzma
Published: January 2022

Dog bite is a global issue and endemic to especially African and Asian countries, where due to lack of awareness dogs (both domestic and wild) are either un-vaccinated or unneutered. The higher authorities seems to be least bothered concerning the increasing number of stray dog in these countries. Although lot of planning is done, no proper execution of these strategies are observed.  The other issue is the negligent attitude of people towards wound management. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dog bite patients and their attendants visiting Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. The structured questionnaires were got filled via interview from both the patient and their attendant at the time they visited the dog bite clinic in the hospital. The results of the study revealed in appropriate and irresponsible attitude on both the part of patients and the concerned authorities responsible for is management. This research work was an endeavor to do the gap analysis in order to ensure practical implementation to overcome the endemic of dog bite and rabies.
A Protocol RCT on Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Prakriti (Unique Constitution) Based Pathya-Apathya with Routine Diet in Healthy Children to Evaluate Its Future Observation towards Diseases to Prevent and Treat Morbidities
Authors: Dwivedi Prakash , Rathi Renu , Rathi Bharat , Pandey Vidyabhushan , Verma Jitesh , Japang Ibamedabha
Published: January 2022

Background: Prakriti is a term that refers to an individual's inherent behavioural tendency. Acharyas have outlined many do’s and don'ts for maintaining a person's excellent immunity and health, such as Ritucharya (seasonal routine), Dinacharya (dietary regulations), and so on. Pathya (healthy) and Apathaya (unhealthy) are two ideas that are equally essential in the treatment of illnesses.

Objectives: To Study Prakriti analysis as per systematic protocol (C-DAC) and its perception towards different diseases. To assess the impact of Pathya-Apathya concept to prevent morbidity status in adolescent.

Materials and Methods: 12-16 years age group adolescent of nearby CBSE schools from MGAC will be selected Pathyapathya intervention will be given and study its perception towards different diseases prevention.

Results: To summarise categorical variables such as gender, religion, education, Ahara, Vihara, and various participant complaints, frequency and percentages will be utilised. Subjective and objective criteria will be used to calculate the percentage of alleviation. The difference in results before and after intervention in this group will be observed, and the results will be presented using statistical data. 

Conclusion: If this prakriti wise pathya concept will be significantly efficacious then so many diseases can be prevented which is a need of the hour.
Do Quality Standards Affect the Growth of the Fisheries Sector in Cameroon?
Authors: Ngatsi Eric Brice Fosso
Published: January 2022

This article aim’s to assess the effect of quality standards on the growth of the fisheries sector in Cameroon. Cobb-Douglas function, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation method and the stationary test (Augmented Dicky Fuller and Phillip Perron tests) were employed. In the light of the results obtained, we noted that in the short term, the quality standards are negatively and significantly correlated with the growth of the fisheries sector in Cameroon, but in the long term, we observed a positive correlation. Indeed, a 10% strengthening of quality standards is accompanied by a decrease in the growth of the Cameroonian fisheries sector of about 8.61%. Faced with the demanding nature of quality standards and with a view to making the fisheries sector efficient and attractive in the long term, we recommend that the public authorities implement a national strategy based on effective and relevant management of human and financial resources, aimed at supporting fisher folk on one hand, and on the other hand, improving the quality of institutions.
Self‐Assembled Woven Ag‐Nanowire 3D Network Film for Ultrathin, Transparent, and Flexible Surface Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhao Cong , Sun Qing‐yin , Hu Kun , Li Fang‐mei , Lv Cheng‐hao , Zhang Qing‐feng , Wang Min
Published: January 2022

A kind of pollution known as electromagnetic interference (EMI), which results from ubiquitous usage of various electronic communication and military radar equipment, has received increasing attention recently. However, it is still a big challenge to obtain good EMI shielding in transparent and/or curved surfaces. In this paper, a light, ultrathin, transparent, and flexible EMI shielding film based on woven silver nanowire (Ag‐NW) 3D networks is successfully prepared via a room‐temperature template production method. For transparent application scenario, Ag‐NWs with 91% transmittance in visible range show ≈27 dB shielding efficiency. This sample shows ≈27 dB shielding efficiency, although with a low density of Ag‐NWs (≈0.0168 mg cm−2), which implies that this material has a cost‐effectiveness. Moreover, total shielding as high as ≈40 dB is obtained by using thickened Ag‐NW grids. The EMI has not changed remarkedly after bended 1200 times, which indicates the as‐prepared flexible film has a relative stability of the EMI performance. Considering the facile production technology, this material can be readily applied in transparent EMI shielding.
Selective Degradation of Lignosulfonate and Lignin with Periodate to 5‐Iodovanillin
Authors: Klein Jana , Alt Kristian , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: January 2022

This work represents a new method that uses electrochemically generated periodate to oxidize side‐stream lignins. Using periodate, a lignin‐derived product other than vanillin becomes accessible. The development of an eco‐friendly method for generating 5‐iodovanillin from lignin is reported and is of significant interest for the wood‐based industry. Wider utilization of lignin can substitute fossil‐based chemicals and fuels, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and facilitate the dependence on fossil energy. The reaction conditions are easy to conduct, the lignin is modified, and no specific setup is required. This one‐pot cost‐efficient method does not use toxic or harmful metals and yields more than 15 wt% 5‐iodovanillin. 5‐Iodovanillin represents an advanced building block for the synthesis of complex molecules, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Interfacial Solar Steam/Vapor Generation for Heating and Cooling
Authors: Li Xiuqiang , Xie Wanrong , Zhu Jia
Published: January 2022

Interfacial solar steam/vapor technology uses abundant and clean solar energy and water to achieve heating and cooling, a promising technology to alleviate environmental and energy issues. To obtain higher conversion and utilization efficiency, designing and optimizing materials, structures, and devices of interfacial solar steam/vapor technologies attract the attention of the research community. Given the significant progress made in the past 5 years, it is valuable to systematically summarize and discuss recent developments and future trends in this new multidisciplinary direction. This review aims to introduce interfacial solar steam/vapor principles to realize heating and cooling and the recent progress in materials, structures, devices, and applications. Meanwhile, some unsolved scientific and technical problems with outlook will also be discussed, hoping to promote further the rapid development and application of interfacial solar steam/vapor technology in heating and cooling to alleviate energy and environmental problems.
Highly Plasticized Lanthanide Luminescence for Information Storage and Encryption Applications
Authors: Liu Yawei , Zhao Kelu , Ren Yubin , Wan Sikang , Yang Chenjing , Li Jingjing , Wang Fan , Chen Chunying , Su Juanjuan , Chen Dong , Zhao Yuliang , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie
Published: January 2022

The development of new storage media to meet the demands for diverse information storage scenarios is a great challenge. Here, a series of lanthanide‐based luminescent organogels with ultrastrong mechanical performance and outstanding plasticity are developed for patterned information storage and encryption applications. The organogels possessing outstanding mechanical properties and tunable luminescent colors are prepared by electrostatic and coordinative interactions between natural DNA, synthetic ligands, and rare earth (RE) ions. The organogel‐REs can be stretched by 180 times and show an ultrastrong breaking strength of 80 MPa. A series of applications with both information storage and encryption, such as self‐information pattern, quick response (QR) code, and barcode, are successfully demonstrated by the organogel‐REs. The developed information storage systems have various advantages of good processability, high stretchability, excellent stability, and versatile design of information patterns. Therefore, the organogel‐RE‐based information storage systems are suitable for applications under different scenarios, such as flexible devices under repeating rude operations. The advancements will enable the design and development of luminescent organogel‐REs as information storage and encryption media for various scenarios.
Electrocaloric Coolers: A Review
Authors: Torelló Alvar , Defay Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

Since the discovery of giant electrocaloric effects, researchers are intensively studying electrocaloric cooling as an alternative to vapor compression systems to develop more efficient heat pumps and mitigate climate change. Endorsed by its direct use of electricity, easy‐handling, and compact design, recent advancements in the performance of electrocaloric coolers have finally displayed temperatures comparable to similar competing technologies, and the topic has regained attention and interest. In this work, the design, performance, and working principles of all electrocaloric prototypes before the year 2021 are reviewed, and hints and guidelines are given for future works to bring the development of these devices one step closer to real applications.
Single‐Atom Reversible Lithiophilic Sites toward Stable Lithium Anodes
Authors: Yang Zhilin , Dang Yan , Zhai Pengbo , Wei Yi , Chen Qian , Zuo Jinghan , Gu Xiaokang , Yao Yong , Wang Xingguo , Zhao Feifei , Wang Jinliang , Yang Shubin , Tang Peizhe , Gong Yongji
Published: January 2022

Lithiophilic sites with high binding energy to Li have shown the capability to guide uniform Li deposition, however, the irreversible reaction between Li and lithiophilic sites causes a loss of lithiophilicity. Herein, the concept of using reversible lithiophilic sites, such as single‐atoms (SAs) doped graphene, as a host, is systematically inspected in the context of Li metal battery (LMB) performance. Here, it is proposed that the binding energy to Li atoms should be within a certain threshold range, i.e., strong enough to inhibit Li dendrite growth and weak enough to avoid host structure collapse. Six kinds of SAs are utilized; doped 3D graphene, nitrogen‐doped 3D graphene, and pure 3D graphene, whose performance in LMBs are compared with each other. It is discovered that the SA‐Mn doped 3D graphene (SAMn@NG) has the most reversible lithiophilic site, in which adsorption strength with Li is suitable to guide uniform deposition and keep the structure stable. During Li plating/stripping, the changes of the atomic structures in SAMn@NG, such as change of bond length and bond angle around Mn atoms are much smaller than those on SAZr@NG, although its binding energy is higher, enabling a much‐improved battery performance in SAMn@NG. This work provides a new insight to design lithiophilic sites in LMBs.
Numerical investigation on heat and mass transfer of slit finned tube heat exchanger with humid flue gas
Authors: Wang Limin , Shao Yaru , Tang Chunli , He Yang , Jin Wanlong , Che Defu
Published: January 2022

Very few studies have been reported on the fundamental mechanism analysis the augmentation of heat and mass transfer for the convection and condensation processes in the slit finned tube heat exchanger under dehumidifying conditions. By developing a 3D numerical model for the condensation of the slit finned tube heat exchanger under dehumidifying conditions, the heat and mass transfer characteristics were investigated under different the geometrical and operational parameters. The models neglecting convective mass flux or neglecting the water vapor loss can greatly enlarge the deviations of numerical results with respect to experimental data. The synergy angles are smaller in the windward and leeward sides of slits where the velocity field has a better synergy with both temperature field and the mass field. The slits on the fin not only increase the disturbance of fluid but continuously destroy the developments of thermal and mass concentration boundary layers, greatly enhancing the heat and mass transfer. The latent heat transfer is significantly greater than the sensible heat transfer, which accounts for 71.7% of the total heat transfer rate when inlet velocity is 1 m·s−1and volume fraction of water vapor is 15%. The increases in the inlet velocity, and the volume fraction of water vapor can enhance the heat and mass transfer coefficient of wet flue gas. Whereas, the increase in inlet velocity can reduce the difference of synergy for the velocity field and the temperature or mass concentration gradient field of different fin tubes.
Synthesis and self‐healing investigation of waterborne polyurethane based on reversible covalent bond
Authors: Ren Jingyu , Dong Xiangbin , Duan Yanjie , Lin Lin , Xu Xiaowei , Shi Jichao , Jia Runping , Wu Dandan , He Xinyao
Published: January 2022

A series of self‐healing waterborne polyurethane (WPU) films utilizing reversible covalent bond acylhydrazones diol (PA) as chain extender were successfully synthesized. The self‐healing performance of WPU with different content of chain extender PA has been systemically characterized via cut‐and‐healing tests and mechanical quantitative evaluation. The film can repair cracks through acylhydrazone exchange reactions within 12 h. When the content of PA is 1.5 wt%, the WPU has the highest self‐healing efficiency of 90.5%. Meanwhile, the effect of PA mass fraction on the particle size distribution, mechanical ability, crystallization, water resistance properties, and thermal stability of WPU were evaluated. With the introduction of acylhydrazone bonds, the hydrophobicity of the WPU material was enhanced, while achieving self‐healing performance, which solves the problem of aging and replacement of materials. These results indicated that the self‐healing WPU exhibited great application prospect as a versatile material.
Morphology optimizing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber separator for safe lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Gao Xingxu , Sheng Lei , Xie Xin , Yang Ling , Bai Yaozong , Dong Haoyu , Liu Gaojun , Wang Tao , Huang Xianli , He Jianping
Published: January 2022

Commercial polyolefin separator cannot guarantee the safety of lithium‐ion batteries at high temperatures due to their poor thermal stability. All kinds of nanofiber membranes with high thermal stability become the focus. In this paper, we have prepared PVDF nanofiber membrane by electrospinning method and have studied the relationship between the electrochemical performance and nanofiber morphology in detail. It is found that the morphology of PVDF is transformed from ball‐like to various nanofiber with increasing the concentration of spinning solution. As a result, the PVDF nanofiber membrane (24 wt%‐HP) prepared from spinning solution with the concentration of 24 wt% is composed of coarse nanofiber and fine nanofiber, which exhibits better electrochemical properties, such as cycling stability (300 cycles) and ionic conductivity (1.65 mS cm−1). LiCoO2/Li cells based on PVDF nanofiber separators have higher discharge capacity even at the current density of 5 C‐rate, superior than the cells based on PE separator. It is inspiring for high‐energy‐density battery safety to use this PVDF nanofiber separator.
“Scent of a fruit fly”: Cuticular chemoprofiles after mating in differently fed Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) strains
Authors: Pavković‐Lučić Sofija , Trajković Jelena , Miličić Dragana , Anđelković Boban , Lučić Luka , Savić Tatjana , Vujisić Ljubodrag
Published: January 2022

In the world of complex smells in natural environment, feeding and mating represent two important olfactory‐guided behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Diet affects the chemoprofile composition of the individuals, which, indirectly, may significantly affect their mating success. In this study, chemoprofiles of recently mated flies belonging to four D. melanogaster strains, which were fed for many generations on different substrates (standard cornmeal—S strain; banana—B strain; carrot—C strain; tomato—T strain) were identified and quantified. In total, 67 chemical compounds were identified: 48 compounds were extracted from males maintained on banana and carrot, and 47 compounds from males maintained on cornmeal and tomato substrates, while total of 60 compounds were identified in females from all strains. The strains and the sexes significantly differed in qualitative nature of their chemoprofiles after mating. Significant differences in the relative amount of three major male pheromones (cis‐vaccenyl acetate—cVA, (Z)‐7‐pentacosene, and (Z)‐7‐tricosene) and in female pheromone (Z,Z)‐7,11‐nonacosadiene among strains were also recorded. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) pointed to significant differences between virgin and mated individuals of all strains and within both sexes. Differences in some of the well known sex pheromones were also identified when comparing their relative amount before and after mating. The presence of typical male pheromones in females, and vice versa may indicate their bidirectional transfer during copulation. Our results confirm significant effect of mating status on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) phenotypes in differently fed D. melanogaster flies.
An electrochemical sensor based on electrospun MoS2@SnO2 modified carbon nanofiber composite materials for simultaneously detection of phenacetin and indomethacin
Authors: Hu Weijuan , Lu Huan , Duan Yingchun , Li Li , Ding Yaping , An Jiangxue , Duan Dingding
Published: January 2022

SnO2‐CNF was prepared by coaxial blending technology, and MoS2 was grown uniformly on SnO2‐CNF composite by adding a hydrothermal post‐treatment step. The uniform distribution of MoS2 on one‐dimensional SnO2‐CNF can effectively establish a layered three‐dimensional structure. Accordingly, the prepared MoS2‐coated SnO2‐CNF composite material has higher surface area and more active sites to obtain better electrochemical performance. We constructed an electrochemical sensor within the composite material with enhanced performance to realize the simultaneous and highly sensitive detection of phenacetin and indomethacin. The sensor has linear ranges of 0.050–7200 μM and 0.05–500 μM, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.016 μM and 0.013 μM. Furthermore, the sensor has good anti‐interference ability and stability, which also achieves good recovery rate in the actual sample detection.
Sensitivity and Selectivity Analysis of Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection
Authors: Zhou Yingzhu , Mazur Federico , Liang Kang , Chandrawati Rona
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter known to regulate physiological and pathological processes. Abnormal H2S levels have been associated with a range of conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, cardiovascular and renal diseases, bacterial and viral infections, as well as cancer. Therefore, fast and sensitive H2S detection is of significant clinical importance. Fluorescent H2S probes hold great potential among the currently developed detection methods because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility. However, many proposed probes do not provide a gold standard for proper use and selection. Consequently, issues arise when applying the probes in different conditions. Therefore, we systematically evaluated four commercially available probes (WSP‐1, WSP‐5, CAY, and P3), considering their detection range, sensitivity, selectivity, and performance in different environments. Furthermore, their capacity for endogenous H2S imaging in live cells was demonstrated.
Catalytic Hydroboration and Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by HBpin using a Zinc Promoter
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Rawal Parveen , Banerjee Indrani , Pada Nayek Hari , Gupta Puneet , Panda Tarun K.
Published: January 2022

The chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones, catalyzed by Zinc(II) complexes [κ2‐(PyCH=NR)ZnX2] [R=CPh3, X=Cl (1) and R=Dipp (2,6‐diisoropylphenyl) and X=I (2)], in the presence of pinacolborane (HBpin) at ambient temperature and under solvent‐free conditions, which produced the corresponding boronate esters in high yield, is reported. Zinc metal complexes1and2were derived in 80–90% yield from the reaction of iminopyridine [PyCH=NR] with anhydrous zinc dichloride in dichloromethane at room temperature. The solid‐state structures of both zinc complexes were confirmed using X‐ray crystallography. Zinc complex1was also used as a competent pre‐catalyst in the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with HBpin under mild and solvent‐free conditions to afford a high yield (up to 97%) of the corresponding secondary amines. The wider substrate scope of both reactions was explored. Catalytic protocols using zinc as a pre‐catalyst demonstrated an atom‐economic and green method with diverse substrates bearing excellent functional group tolerance. Computational studies established a plausible mechanism for catalytic hydroboration.
Intergenerational trauma: Parental PTSD and parent‐reported child abuse subtypes differentially relate to admission characteristics in the autism inpatient collection
Authors: McDonnell Christina G. , Andrzejewski Theresa , Dike Janey
Published: January 2022

Autistic youth experience high rates of maltreatment. Little research has considered how distinct abuse dimensions differentially relate to meaningful outcomes, nor taken an intergenerational approach to consider how caregiver trauma and child maltreatment are related. This study sought to identify how parent‐reported child abuse subtypes and parent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relate to each other and to admission characteristics upon inpatient service entry. Autistic youth (N = 527; 79% White, 21.3% girls, mean age = 12.94 years) participated in the autism inpatient collection. Parents reported on child abuse subtypes (physical, sexual, emotional) and their own PTSD, child behavior and emergency services, and parenting stress. Youth of parents with PTSD were nearly three times more likely to have parent‐reported physical and emotional abuse. Autistic girls were more likely to experience parent‐reported sexual abuse and a higher number of subtypes. Lower income related to higher rates of parent‐reported child emotional abuse and parent PTSD. Emotional abuse associated with child behavior whereas both child physical and emotional abuse related to emergency services. Reported parent PTSD associated with child behavior and parental distress. When considered jointly, parent PTSD and number of parent‐reported child abuse subtypes differentially related to child behavior and interacted to predict psychiatric hospitalizations. Intergenerational continuity of trauma is important to consider among autistic youth, and both parent‐reported child abuse and parent PTSD relate to admission characteristics. Critical limitations include reliance on binary parent reports of child abuse and parent PTSD and the low representation of youth of minoritized identities. Implications for trauma‐informed care are discussed.

Lay summary

Autistic youth whose parents had reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were nearly three times more likely to have experienced parent‐reported physical and emotional abuse. Parent‐reported child emotional abuse uniquely related to child behavioral concerns whereas both physical and emotional abuse related to higher emergency services. Parent PTSD also related to admission characteristics, showing that intergenerational continuity of trauma is critical to consider for understanding child maltreatment among autistic youth.
Emotion and intergroup cooperation: How verbal expressions of guilt, shame, and pride influence behavior in a social dilemma
Authors: Nunney Samuel J. , van der Schalk Job , Manstead Antony S. R.
Published: January 2022

In interpersonal relations, it is known that expressing self‐conscious emotions such as guilt and shame following a transgression is beneficial to reconciliation. In the current research, we examine whether this also applies to intergroup relations. Groups of three persons played an intergroup version of the “centipede game,” in which one party can cooperate with or exploit another party. In Study 1, two groups played six rounds of this game in each of two phases. Between phases, groups rated how much guilt, shame, and pride they experienced in relation to how they had performed in Phase 1; these ratings were shared with the opposing group. Groups expressing high levels of guilt and shame were associated with greater cooperation in Phase 2, whereas groups expressing high levels of pride were associated with lower cooperation in Phase 2. In Study 2, all groups played against a “group” programmed to behave in an exploitative way in Phase 1. This group then expressed shame, pride, or no emotion (control) about its performance. Cooperation in Phase 2 was significantly higher in the shame than in the pride condition, and altruistic punishment was highest in the pride condition and lowest in the shame condition. Between them, these studies show that emotional expression plays an important role in repairing intergroup relationships and in particular that expressing shame about a transgression enhances intergroup cooperation following a transgression.
Effectiveness of olanzapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Ruijun , Bian Qingtao , Chen Hao
Published: January 2022

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by starvation and malnutrition, a high incidence of coexisting psychiatric conditions, and treatment resistance. The effect of pharmacotherapy has been controversial.

Method

A systematic review was conducted for evidence of an effect of olanzapine versus placebo in adults or its effect as adjuvant treatment of AN in adolescents.

Results

A total of seven articles (304 patients with AN) were identified. There were four double‐blind, randomized studies examining the effect of olanzapine in the treatment of AN. The mean difference in body mass index (BMI) at the end of treatment between olanzapine and placebo was 0.67 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–1.18 kg/m2; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity < 0.79). The olanzapine groups showed a significant increase in BMI of 0.68 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.22–1.13 kg/m2; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.74) compared to the placebo groups. Only two studies examined the effect of olanzapine as adjuvant treatment in adolescents and showed an increase in BMI of 0.66 kg/m2 (95% CI −0.36 to 1.67 kg/m2; p = 0.21; I2 = 11%, p for heterogeneity = 0.32).

Discussion

Olanzapine showed efficacy in the treatment of AN with an increased BMI at the end of treatment in adults. The effect of olanzapine as adjuvant treatment in adolescents remains unclear.
Collaboration and advance planning across campus create more cybersecure colleges, universities
Authors: Bannister Mary
Published: January 2022

“Cybersecurity is a threat that changes all the time, so addressing it involves everybody living and breathing security as second nature.” This was a key theme of the recent National Student Clearinghouse webinar titled “CyberSecurED: Building a Cyber‐Ready Campus.” The webinar panelists — experts from EDUCAUSE, the Cyber Readiness Institute, REN‐ISAC: Research and Education Networks Information Sharing and Analysis Center, and NSC — discussed best practices for preventing and responding to cyber‐attacks.
New AD role yields insights into balance
Authors: Santovec Mary Lou
Published: January 2022

When Courtney Thomsen became the Director of Athletics at Midland University in July, she took on the leadership of the largest athletics department in Nebraska. Thomsen made the nearly cross‐country move from Marymount California University with her husband and three children (all under the age of six) to join the private school with locations in Fremont and Omaha.
Scalable Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Africane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Matsuda Yutaka , Koyama Takayuki , Kawano Sayaka , Miura Kazuki , Simizu Siro , Saikawa Yoko , Nakata Masaya
Published: January 2022

Practical total syntheses of africane‐type sesquiterpenoids were realized by reexamination of a divergent strategy employing optimized three‐component coupling followed by ring‐closing metathesis and substrate‐controlled cyclopropanation. This sequential eight‐step conversion provided Δ9(15)‐africanene, a common bicyclo[5.3.0]decane intermediate for the syntheses of africane derivatives, in more than twice the yield as in the previous approach. The scalability and robustness of this improved synthetic route were confirmed by gram‐scale preparation of Δ9(15)‐africanene. In vitro cell‐based assays of the synthesized africane‐type sesquiterpenoids disclosed that ester‐incorporating derivatives showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells. The effect of relative and absolute configuration of africane‐9,15‐diol monoacetates on the cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was also investigated.
Antischistosomal Activity of Essential Oils: An Updated Review
Authors: Oliveira Thaís A. S. , Pagotti Mariana C. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Crotti Antônio E. M.
Published: January 2022

This review article covers literature on the antischistosomal activity of essential oils (EOs) between 2011 and 2021. Criteria for classifying results from in vitro schistosomicidal assays are proposed for the first time. Parameters to evaluate the in vitro antischistosomal potential of EOs other than their ability to cause the death of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms (e. g., couple separation, egg laying, and egg development inhibition) are also addressed and discussed.
Five‐year outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve implantation and redo surgery for mitral prosthesis degeneration
Authors: Simard Trevor , Lloyd James , Crestanello Juan , Thaden Jeremy J. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Guerrero Mayra , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F.
Published: January 2022

Background

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has emerged as a feasible alternative to redo surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) in patients with degenerated mitral prostheses, with limited comparative data.

Methods

We compared mid‐term outcomes in patients with degenerated mitral valve prostheses treated with TMVR or redo SMVR. The primary endpoint was survival at 5 years of follow‐up.

Results

From 2014 to 2020, 215 patients presented with degenerated mitral valve prostheses. Of whom 86 (40%) were treated with TMVR (75[87%] valve‐in‐valve and 11[13%] valve‐in‐ring), while 129 patients (60%) underwent SMVR. The TMVR cohort was older (p < 0.0001), more symptomatic (p = 0.0003) and had more chronic lung disease (p = 0.02), worse renal function (p = 0.02) and higher right ventricular systolic pressures (p < 0.0001). Thirty‐day mortality was lower with TMVR versus SMVR (2.4% vs. 10.2%, OR4.69 [95% CI 1.25–30.5], p = 0.04) with probability of mortality at 1, 2, and 5 years being 14.7% versus 17.5%, 24.5% versus 20.7%, and 49.9% versus 34.0%, respectively. Mode of prosthesis degeneration, baseline hemodynamics, and valve selection did not appreciably impact outcomes.

Conclusions

TMVR for degenerated mitral prostheses is associated with better early survival compared to SMVR despite a greater burden of comorbidities. In contrast, 5 year survival rates appear more favorable with SMVR, which may reflect the lower baseline risk of this population. Clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic follow‐up support the mid‐term durability of TMVR for degenerated mitral prostheses. Further dedicated studies, however, are required to optimize outcomes in this challenging patient cohort and to navigate the choice of approach for each individual patient.
Prevalence and clinical impact of high platelet reactivity in patients with chronic kidney disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mangiacapra Fabio , Paolucci Luca , Viscusi Michele M. , Mangiacapra Roberto , Ferraro Pietro M. , Nusca Annunziata , Melfi Rosetta , De Luca Leonardo , Gabrielli Domenico , Ussia Gian P. , Grigioni Francesco
Published: January 2022

Background

High platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are recognized as potent risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients suffering coronary artery disease (CAD) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, conclusive evidence regarding their reciprocal interaction and the consequent impact on clinical events is still lacking.

Objectives

We performed a metaanalysis with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of HPR in patients with and without CKD and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) according to the renal and platelet function status in current literature (co‐primary endpoints). Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction (MI), all‐cause death, and definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST).

Methods

We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library studies investigating CKD and HPR on clopidogrel in patients suffering CAD who underwent PCI and their related outcomes. Overall, 13 studies including 22.464 patients were selected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random‐effects model with the Mantel‐Haenszel method.

Results

Patients with CKD presented significantly higher odds of HPR compared with those without CKD (OR 1.51 [95% CI: 1.29, 1.76]). In patients without CKD, HPR was associated with increased odds of MACE (OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.72]), MI (OR 1.48 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.86]) and definite/probable ST (OR 2.45 [95% CI: 1.08, 5.60]). In patients with CKD, HPR was associated with higher odds of both MACE (OR 1.61 [95% CI: 1.14, 2.27]) and MI (OR 1.69 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.59]), compared to those without HPR.

Conclusions

Our analysis shows that HPR on clopidogrel is more frequent in patients with CKD treated with PCI. Patients with HPR are exposed to a high risk of MACE after PCI, regardless of the renal function status.
Diagnostic performance and prognostic impact of coronary angiography‐based Index of Microcirculatory Resistance assessment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weijia , Takahashi Tatsunori , Rios Saul A. , Latib Azeem , Lee Joo Myung , Fearon William F. , Kobayashi Yuhei
Published: January 2022

Background

The Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR), measured with a pressure‐thermistor tipped coronary guidewire has been established as a gold standard for coronary microvascular assessment. Angiography‐based IMR (angio‐IMR) is a novel method to derive IMR without intracoronary instrumentation or the need for adenosine.

Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were systemically searched in November 2021 for studies that measured angio‐IMR. The primary outcomes were pooled sensitivity and specificity as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve using IMR as a reference standard.

Results

A total of 129 records were initially identified and 8 studies were included in the final analysis. Overall, 1653 lesions were included in this study, of which 733 were in patients presenting with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Angio‐IMR yielded high diagnostic performance predicting wire‐based IMR with pooled sensitivity = 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.76, 0.85), specificity = 0.80 (0.72, 0.86), and AUC = 0.86 (0.82, 0.88), which was similar irrespective of patient presentation. When the clinical outcome was compared between high versus low angio‐IMR in patients presenting with myocardial infarction, high angio‐IMR predicted an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Conclusion

Our study found that coronary angio‐IMR has relatively high diagnostic performance as well as prognostic values predicting MACE, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Bacterial translocation as a cause of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection: A case report
Authors: Owusu‐Adjei Brittany , Ogagan Charles , Smith Jordan , Luiselli Gabrielle , Johnson Mark D.
Published: January 2022

Bacterial translocation as a mechanism of distal catheter infection may play a larger role in ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections than previously recognized.
Cardiac and respiratory arrest in a 12‐year‐old girl with acute permethrin oral toxicity: A case report
Authors: Atashi Hesam Adin , Zaferani Arani Hamid , Agatha Felicia , Ghorani Seyyed Mojtaba , Teimouri Khorasani Mahya Sadat , Moalem Masoumeh
Published: January 2022

Permethrin (PER) is widely employed as the most frequently used type I synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Despite its worldwide application, reports of pediatric toxicity following permethrin administration are scarce. The present report describes the case of a 12‐year‐old girl with cardiac and respiratory arrest resulting from self‐induced oral toxicity by permethrin.
Cranial internal hemipelvectomy (iliectomy) with limb sparing for a dog with ilial chondrosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Downey Amy C. , Mathews Kyle G. , Borst Luke
Published: January 2022

Cranial internal hemipelvectomy can be successful for excision of ilial CSA with minimal complications. Iliectomy with adjuvant radiation therapy was well tolerated in a dog with grade II ilial CSA. The dog survived 1,271 days postoperatively and supposedly succumbed to a disease process unrelated to the CSA.
Older adult living independently in a public rowhouse project after the 2011 Fukushima earthquake: A case report
Authors: Ito Naomi , Kinoshita Yuri , Morita Tomohiro , Fujioka Sho , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: January 2022

We study an older Japanese woman who lived independently with minimal nursing or informal support from others in the rowhouse after the 2011 Fukushima disaster. This case report supports the effectiveness of Idobata nagaya as a measure of the municipality and offers an evidence‐based approach to reconstruction after a disaster. Considering the global population aging and isolation trends, the lesson from this case may apply to other settings beyond disasters.
Blood transfusion‐induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome presenting severe brain atrophy: A report of two cases
Authors: Shiraishi Wataru
Published: January 2022

Several cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after blood transfusion have been reported, but the long‐term prognosis is unknown. Here, we report two cases of blood transfusion‐associated PRES with severe brain atrophy at 1 year after onset. We report the case with a discussion of pathological mechanisms.
Tailored Lipid Monolayers Doped with Gold Nanoclusters: Surface Studies and Electrochemistry of Hybrid‐film‐covered Electrodes
Authors: Wieckowska Agnieszka , Jablonowska Elzbieta , Dzwonek Maciej , Jaskolowski Marcin , Bilewicz Renata
Published: January 2022

Much attention has been given to the electrochemistry and electrochemical applications of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) because of their unique electrochemical and optical features. However, little is known so far about their assembly with lipids or the formation of biological‐nonbiological hybrid monolayers either at the air‐water interface or on solid substrates. In this study, we synthesized AuNCs (Au25(SC4)180) with a diameter ca. 0.85±0.25 nm for the gold core, characterized the AuNCs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and, for the first time, immobilized AuNCs on the electrode in the form of an AuNC‐doped lipid monolayer. The Langmuir‐Blodgett technique at the air‐water interface allowed us to strictly control the composition of the mixed monolayer and monitor changes in the monolayer organization at the air‐water interface upon doping with AuNCs. The hybrid monolayer assembly was transferred to an indium‐tin oxide (ITO) substrate, and the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. With an increase in dispersion of the AuNCs in the lipid matrix, the ferrocyanide voltammetry peaks decreased as expected, thereby decreasing the actual conducting area of the electrode. However, the Au nanoclusters also acted as electron transfer mediators in electrode processes proceeding with overpotential, with improved effectiveness shown at very low AuNC concentrations in the lipid layer.
A Selective Copper Based Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for the Electrochemical Synthesis of H2O2 at Neutral pH
Authors: van Dijk Bas , Kinders Rick , Ferber Thimo H. , Hofmann Jan P. , Hetterscheid Dennis G. H.
Published: January 2022

H2O2 is a bulk chemical used as “green” alternative in a variety of applications, but has an energy and waste intensive production method. The electrochemical O2 reduction to H2O2 is viable alternative with examples of the direct production of up to 20% H2O2 solutions. In that respect, we found that the dinuclear complex Cu2(btmpa) (6,6’‐bis[[bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]‐2,2’‐bipyridine) reduces O2 to H2O2 with a selectivity up to 90 % according to single linear sweep rotating ring disk electrode measurements. Microbalance experiments showed that complex reduction leads to surface adsorption thereby increasing the catalytic current. More importantly, we kept a high Faradaic efficiency for H2O2 between 60 and 70 % over the course of 2 h of amperometry by introducing high potential intervals to strip deposited copper (depCu). This is the first example of extensive studies into the long term electrochemical O2 to H2O2 reduction by a molecular complex which allowed to retain the high intrinsic selectivity of Cu2(btmpa) towards H2O2 production leading to relevant levels of H2O2.
Oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries: Designs, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Chen Tao , Ouyang Baixue , Fan Xiaowen , Zhou Weili , Liu Weifang , Liu Kaiyu
Published: January 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which are an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), have attracted increasing attention due to their low cost of Na resources and similar Na storage mechanism to LIBs. Compared with anode materials and electrolytes, the development of cathode materials lags behind. Therefore, the key to improving the specific energy and promoting the application of SIBs is to develop high‐performance sodium intercalation cathode materials. Transition‐metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs owing to their excellent energy density, high specific discharge capacity, and environmentally friendly nature. In the present work, the latest progress in the research of transition‐metal oxides is summarized. Moreover, the existing challenges are discussed, and a series of strategies are proposed to overcome these drawbacks. This review aims at providing guidance for the development of metal oxides in the next stage.
Insights on “nitrate salt” in lithium anode for stabilized solid electrolyte interphase
Authors: Fu Lin , Wang Xiancheng , Chen Zihe , Li Yuanjian , Mao Eryang , Seh Zhi Wei , Sun Yongming
Published: January 2022

A Li/KNO3 composite (LKNO), with KNO3 uniformly implanted in bulk metallic Li, is fabricated for battery anode via a facile mechanical kneading approach, which exhibits high Coulombic efficiency and prolonged cycle life. The mechanism behind the enhanced electrochemical performance of the “salt‐in‐metal” composite is investigated, where KNO3 in metallic Li composite electrode would be sustainably released into the electrolyte. The presence of NO3– stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase by producing functional Li3N, LiNxOy, and Li2O species. K+ from KNO3 also helps to form an electrostatic shield after its adsorption on the electrode protrusions, which suppresses the dendritic growth of metallic Li. With the above advantages, uniform Li plating with dense and planar structure is realized for the LKNO electrode. These findings reveal a deep understanding of the effect of the “salt‐in‐metal” anode and provide new insights into the use of nitrate additives for high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries.
Tuning the (Chir)Optical Properties and Squeezing out the Inherent Chirality in Polyphenylene‐Locked Helical Carbon Nanorings
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Shi Hong , Wang Shengda , Zhang Xinyu , Fang Pengwei , Zhou Yu , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Shao Xiang , Du Pingwu
Published: January 2022

Distorting linear polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) out of planarity affects their physical properties and breaks their symmetry to induce inherent chirality. However, the chirality cannot be achieved in large distorted PAHs‐based macrocycles due to a low racemization barrier for isomerization. Herein, we report the precise synthesis and tuning size‐dependent (chir)optical properties of a new class of chiral PAHs‐containing conjugated macrocycles (cyclo[n]paraphenylene‐2,6‐anthrylene, [n]CPPAn2,6; n=6–8). Their inherent chiralities were squeezed out in small anthrylene‐based macrocycles. Efficient resolutions for chiral enantiomers with (P)/(M)‐helicity of small [6‐7]CPPAns were achieved by HPLC. Interestingly, these macrocycles showed enriched size‐dependent physical, chiral, and (chir)optical properties. Theoretical calculations indicate that these macrocycles have high strain energy (Estrain=60.8 to 73.4 kcal/mol) and very small Egap (∼3.0 eV). Notably, these enantiomers showed strong chiroptical properties and dissymmetry factors (|gabs| and |glum|∼0.01 for an enantiomer of [6]CPPAn2,6), which can give them potential applications in optically active materials.
Integrated operation optimization strategy for batch process based on process transfer model under disturbance
Authors: Chu Fei , Wang Jiachen , Wang Yifeng , Chai Guowei , Jia Runda , Wang Fuli
Published: January 2022

An integrated operation optimization strategy based on the process transfer model (PTM) is proposed in this work, which combines the batch‐to‐batch optimization method and the within‐batch optimization method. The data‐driven tool with the joint‐Y partial least squares (JYPLS) model is utilized to transfer rich information from a similar old process to the new process to assist the establishment of the model of the new process. However, differences invariably exist between similar batch processes, which can bring about a fateful necessary condition of optimality (NCO) mismatch. Although the traditional batch‐to‐batch optimization method can overcome the problem of plant‐model mismatch between batches, it is helpless to deal with the problem of mismatch and disturbance during a single batch operation. For the sake of settlement of problems, the within‐batch optimization method is introduced. The main advantages of the integrated operation optimization strategy are (i) the plant‐model mismatch and disturbances within the batch or during batches can be solved, (ii) the suboptimal results of batch‐to‐batch optimization can be further compensated, and (iii) the optimization performance is better by discretizing the control profile into several intervals. Taking the cobalt oxalate synthesis process as a simulation study, the superior performance of the proposed strategy is illustrated.