bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncommon Type of Meningiomas with Conspicuous Plasmo‐lymphocytic Infiltration: An Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Study
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Tabei Ryo , Fukui Keiji , Sadamoto Kazuhiko , Sakaki Saburo
Published: December 2008

Two cases of meningioma revealing conspicuous plasmo lymphocytic tissue and hyalinized fibrous tissue components are reported. Histopathological examination of the plasmo lymphocytic infiltration was performed. Both lesions showed polyclonality of plasma cells as revealed by positive reactions for 1gG and paraimmunoglobulin χ‐ and λ light chains, and amyloid infiltration into the fibrous stroma and blood vessel walls. The histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion in relation to its etiology are briefly discussed. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 190∼194, 1989.
An Autopsy Case of Cholesterol Embolism Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Aortography
Authors: Ueda Makiko , Fujimoto Teruo , Ogawa Nobuyuki , Shoji Shigeichi
Published: December 2008

A 67‐year old woman with a 6‐year history of angina pectoris underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Just after manipulation of the guiding catheter during a second attempt at angioplasty and aortography, the patient developed intestinal obstruction with peritonitis. Laparotomy was performed, and surgical specimens taken during surgery revealed necrosis and perforation of the small intestine. Microscopical examination proved that this was the result of multiple fresh cholesterol emboli in the arteries. Postoperatively, renal failure and sepsis developed, and the patient died 13 days after surgery. Autopsy revealed multiple cholesterol emboli in arteries of the intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver and kidneys. This case demonstrates that cholesterol embolism can be a serious complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 203∼206, 1989.
Histogenesis of Gallbladder Carcinoma from Investigation of Early Carcinoma and Microcarcinoma
Authors: Kijima Hiroshi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Iwafuchi Mitsuya , Lshihara Noriko
Published: December 2008

Carcinomas of the gallbladder can be grossly divided into two types: carcinoma in adenoma (CIA) and carcinoma without adenoma (CWA). The histogenesis of both types of gallbladder carcinoma (CIA and CWA) was investigated in association with metaplastic changes in 35 early carcinomas larger than 5 mm in diameter and 16 microcar‐cinomas up to 5 mm in largest diameter. In five early ClAs and two micro‐CIAs, the carcinoma was surrounded by the adenoma, and the areas of both carcinoma and adenoma mainly showed gastric‐type metaplasia (GM). On the other hand, 90% of the other 30 early CWAs showed GM and/or intestinal‐type metaplasia (IM) in the tumor, and all of them were surrounded by GM and/or IM. Seven of the other 14 micro‐CWAs showed GM and/or IM in the tumor as well as in the surrounding mucosa, and had non neoplastic metaplastic glands underneath the carcinoma tissue. The remaining seven micro‐CWAs showed no or only mild metaplasia in the tumor and were surrounded by proper mucosa without metaplasia. From these data, it is concluded that carcinoma of CIA possibly arises from adenoma mainly with GM, and that CWA originates either from the upper part of the metaplastic mucosa or from the proper mucosa of the gallbladder. In addition, some CWA may undergo secondary metaplastic changes during tumor growth. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 235–244, 1989.
Cardiomyopathy Characterized by Abnormal Accumulation of Desmin‐type Intermediate Filaments in Cardiac Muscle Fibers: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tanaka Michio , Kawahara Yutaka , Motomiya Takeshi , Sakamoto Masahiko , Sugiura Masaya , Toyoda Mitsuyasu , Kajita Akira , Osamura Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

A 42 year old Japanese male, who had been suffering from congestive heart failure and electrocardiographic abnormalities (A V block, intraventricular conduction disturbance, ventricular tachycardia), died after a clinical course of 2 years and 1 month. Macroscopic investigation revealed dilation of the left ventricle and thickening of the right ventricular wall. The unique finding in this case was a circumferential fibrous scar in the median circular layer and outer oblique layer of the left ventricular wall. Biopsy and autopsy materials revealed diffuse loss of myofibrils in the central zone of cardiac muscle fibers, and replacement with aniline blue positive homogeneous material (17–35% of the area of one muscle fiber). Electron microscopy revealed abnormal accumulation of fine filamentous material (7.5–25 nm in diameter), which was immunohisto‐chemically proved to be desmin type intermediate filament. Moreover, sarcoplasmic reticulum like material was detected in the degenerated area. At autopsy, degeneration was detected all over the heart. The ventricular muscle fibers were more severely affected than the atrial muscle fibers. The conduction system was also affected, in some parts more severely than the surrounding ordinary muscle fibers. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be clarified. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 266–273, 1989.
Involution of Lymph Node Histiocytes in AIDS
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Takami Tsuyoshi , Nakamine Hirokazu , Miyayama Haruhiko , Nakamura Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Lymph nodes of human immunodeficiency virus (HW‐infected patients were studied histologically and immuohistochemically to elucidate the pattern of involution of various histiocytes in AIDS. Specimens consisted of one node with hyperplasia, five with atrophy, and three with severe atrophy. Antibodies such as L25, ID1, My4, 12, anti‐Leu 3a, KiM4, OKT6 and anti‐S100 protein were used for identification of the histiocytes. Another antibody, VAK5, was used to demonstrate HIV antigen. T‐zone histiocytes were mildly decreased in the hyperplastic node, but considerably decreased in the atrophic nodes. My4 + sinus histiocytes were unchanged in number and enlarged in the hyperplastic node, but not decreased in the atrophic nodes. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), defined by KiM4, were mostly depleted in the atrophic nodes. The T4 antigen was detected in some of the sinus histiocytes of the atrophic nodes. T6‐positive cells were not found in any of the nodes. HIV antigen was detected only in FDCs. It is therefore suggested that various histiocytes respond differently to HIV, and that T‐zone histiocytes and sinus histiocytes persist up to the late stage of AIDS. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39: 496∼502, 1989.
Small Liver Masses in Cirrhotic Patients: A Pathological Clue for the Morphogenesis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Grigioni W.F. , D'Errico A. , Bacci F. , Carella R. , Mancini A.M.
Published: December 2008

Eleven small primary liver lesions detected in four cirrhotic patients are reported in detail. Some lesions showed the histopathological features of macroregenerative nodules (MRN) containing foci of cellular and structural atypia or of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Other lesions showed the histological abnormalities of the early developmental stage of HCC without a background of MRN. Finally one lesion is described with an equivocal background between benign and malignant, containing a focus of carcinoma. All lesions presented suggest the presence of different pathways in the morphogenesis of human HCC.
A Small Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Restricted to the Cortical Bone of the Femur Resembling So‐called Subperiosteal Giant Cell Tumor or Subperiosteal Osteoclasia
Authors: Okada Kyoji , Masuda Hirotake , Shozawa Takeshi , Arai Michio
Published: December 2008

We report a 16‐year‐old Japanese girl with a cystic lesion restricted to the cortical bone under the periosteum of the diaphysis of the left femur. Roentgenograms showed a long, oval translucent lesion in frontal view and an eccentric erosive lesion in lateral view. Computed tomography showed a distinct intracortical lesion. The lesion, which was excised en bloc, measured 3×2×2 cm. The outer layer of the cortical bone was eroded eccentrically. From the margin of the eroded bone, thin fragile bony tissue and preserved periosteum extended like the roof of a dome. Multicystic structures, filled with blood, were lined with fibrous granulation and occasional giant cells. Histologically, this lesion falls within the category of aneurysmal bone cyst. However this case is of a rare type, since the lesion was relatively small, and showed a very specific intracortical location, in marked contrast to typical aneurysmal bone cyst. Additionally, this lesion is similar to so‐called subperiosteal giant cell tumor or subperiosteal osteoclasia described in the literature. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39: 539∼544, 1989.
Altered Synthesis of Collagen Types in Cultured Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells during Phenotypic Modulation by Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Okada Yoshikatsu , Katsuda Shogo , Matsui Yutaka , Minamoto Toshinari , Nakanishi Isao
Published: December 2008

Synthetic activity of collagen types was examined in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells during modulation from synthetic to contractile phenotype by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Smooth muscle cells of rabbit thoracic aorta cultured with a 1% supplement of DMSO for 8 days (DMSO group) predominantly exhibited cellular features of the contractile type with abundant microfilaments and a distinct basement membrane. Cultured cells in the DMSO group or in controls during stationary or subconfluent phase were labeled with [3H]proline for 24 h, and the samples including the cell layer and medium were analyzed. The incorporation of proline into bacterial collagenase digestible fractions was increased slightly in the DMSO group. Type analysis of the collagenous protein by SDS PAGE and subsequent fluorography disclosed a markedly increased ratio of type IV/I collagen and a slightly increased type V/l collagen ratio, as compared with those of controls. A decrease of type III collagen production in DMSO treated cells probably due to their lower cell density was also recognized. From these biochemical and morphological observations, it is suggested that increased synthesis of minor collagen types, particularly type IV collagen, is closely associated with smooth muscle phenotypic expression following DMSO treatment. Similar cellular events may occur in smooth muscle cells migrating into the intima during the process of arteriosclerosis in vivo.
Increased Serum Type IV Collagen Peptide in Carbon Tetrachloride‐treated Rats
Authors: Matsumoto Eisaku , Muragaki Yasuteru , Ooshima Akira
Published: December 2008

We developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay for serum type IV collagen peptide as a marker of fibrogenesis, and examined the relationship between serum type IV collagen peptide and hepatic disorder in CCI, treated rats. The rats were treated for 8 weeks and signs of liver damage began to appear from about week 2. With the progression of these signs to liver fibrosis, type IV collagen increased in the fibrous septa and especially in the perisinusoidal walls, where the increase was manifested as development of a real basement membrane beneath the sinusoidal endothelial cells. In CCI4‐treated rats, serum type IV collagen peptide significantly increased with the progression of liver fibrosis. When CCI4 administration was stopped, the collagen peptide rapidly decreased without any rebound rise. An intimate relationship was found between the production of serum type IV collagen peptide and liver prolyl hydroxylase activity and the amount of collagen deposited in the liver. These results suggest that serum type IV collagen peptide will be a uset ul biochemical marker for the early detection of fibrogenesis in the liver.
Characterization of the CA125 Antigen Secreted from a Newly Established Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line (SHIN‐3)
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Maeda Hiroko , Kiyozuka Yasuhiko , Noda Tsuneo , Moriyama Ikuko , Ichijo Motohiko
Published: December 2008

A cell line (designated SHIN 3) was established from a 56‐year old Japanese woman diagnosed as having serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. SHIN 3 produced the tumor marker, CA125. When samples were subjected to one dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting with anti CA125 antibody, antigen binding appeared in the low‐molecular mass fraction around 50 KDa as well as in the high molecular‐mass fraction (more than 200 KDa). Subsequent resolution of this lower molecular‐mass component by two dimensional gel electrophoresis gave rise to bands of 49 KDa near an isoelectric point of 7.3. Treatment of the CA125 antigen with 10 mM periodic acid resulted in no loss of activity. However, reduction and alkylation in 6 M guanidine HCI or treatment at 100 C for 20 min resulted in complete loss of activity. Treatment with various glycosidases did not inhibit activity, whereas digestion with proteases (except for papain) produced complete loss of activity, suggesting that the CA125 antigenic determinant is composed of con‐formationally dependent peptides.
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava with Budd‐Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Imakita Masami , Yutani Chikao , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Hiraoka Hisatoyo , Naito Hiroaki
Published: December 2008

A 44 year old Japanese woman with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is reported. She presented with Budd Chiari syndrome and died of hepatic failure about 3 months after the onset of symptoms. The tumor arose from the middle segment of the inferior vena cava, occluded the inferior vena cava and projected into the right atrium. A total of 28 cases of Budd‐Chiari syndrome due to primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava are reviewed.
The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Rat Chronic Serum Sickness‐type Nephritis
Authors: Kawasaki Katsutoshi , Yaoita Eishin , Yamamoto Tadashi , Kihara Itaru
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the distribution of antigen in various organs and in the development of nephritis, chronic serum sickness type nephritis was induced in both anti rat PMN rabbit serum (APS) treated and normal rabbit serum (NRS) treated rats by preimmunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequent daily intravenous administration of BSA for 4 weeks. Kinetic studies using radiolabeled BSA showed that accumulation of BSA after the first intravenous administration was reduced by APS treatment in the liver, lungs and spleen and increased in the circulation, but was not affected in the kidneys and glomeruli. Histological studies supported the above findings. After 4 weeks of BSA administration, the BSA accumulation in the kidneys and glomeruli was significantly less in APS treated rats than in NRS treated ones, while amounts of BSA in the circulation and other organs were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, APS treatment reduced proteinuria, PMN infiltration and IC deposition in the glomeruli. These observations indicate that PMN play a partial role in IC deposition in the glomerular capillary walls and subsequent destruction of glomerular permeability in chronic serum sickness‐type nephritis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39 : 619‐629, 1989.
An Unusual Hormone Pattern in a Virilized Woman Affected by Sertoli‐Leydig Cell Tumor
Authors: Satta M.A. , Rosa G. De , Scoppola A. , Rabitti C. , Piccinno E. , Monaco F.
Published: December 2008

A 24 year old woman was admitted to hospital because of hirsutism, virilism and amenorrhea, which had appeared 6 months earlier. Endocrinological evaluation showed a slightly elevated serum level of testosterone (1.2 ± 0.05 ng/ml), normal plasma levels of dehydroepiandroste‐ronesulfate (DHEA‐S) (2,070 ± 6 ng/ml), androstenedione (1.8 ± 0.5 ng ml) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG)(42 ± 3nM/L); there was normal urinary 17 keto‐steroid (17‐KS) excretion (11.7 mg 24 h), low urinary estrogen (E) excretion (3 + 0.4//g 24 h), suppressed basal gonadotropin concentrations (LH 0.9//III ml; FSH 3.2,uUI/ml) and an exaggerated response to the LH RH test. At laparotomy, a monolateral ovarian tumor was found, which was proved histologically to be a Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumor. After tumor ablation, a regular menstrual cycle followed and progressive reduction of virilism was noted. This was followed within 4 months by complete normalization of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone serum levels. The responsiveness to LH RH also became normalized. Two years after this operation, the patient had a normal pregnancy. This case of virilization in a woman affected by a benign Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumor was primarily characterized by an unusual response of the hypothalamo pituitary axis against an endocrinological background of notable alteration of the androgen/estrogen ratio, where the androgens were slightly increased and the estrogens greatly reduced. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 755‐758, 1989.
Alterations in Nonspecific Cross‐reacting Antigen Localization during Cell Culture
Authors: Suemizu Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Watanabe Keiichi , Kuroki Masahide , Matsuoka Yuji
Published: December 2008

Nonspecific cross reacting antigen (NCA), a constituent of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, was localized ultra‐structurally in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, PC 9. NCA was distributed predominantly on the plasma membrane in the early phases of cell culture. Deletion of fetal bovine serum (FBS) from the culture medium suppressed cell division without significantly altering cell viability, and induced a dramatic but reversible change in NCA localization. Under these conditions, NCA was localized to membrane degradation products within cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. Acid phosphatase activity was also present in some of these intracellular structures. Similar changes in NCA localization were seen in cells cultured with FBS at day 6 when the cells reached a plateau stage of growth. These findings strongly suggest that plasma membrane degradation is accelerated by the cessation of cell growth. Cytoplasmic reactivity for NCA in cancer cells may therefore reflect degradation of plasma membrane‐associated NCA and may not necessarily be correlated with increased systhesis of this glycoprotein. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 772 778, 1989.
Computer Imaging Analysis of Glomerular Extracellular Components in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Funabiki Kazuhiko , Shirato Isao , Koide Hikaru , Eguchi Kazuhiko , Yagame Mitsunori , Sakai Hideto
Published: December 2008

Computer imaging analysis was used for quantitative evaluation of the extents, amounts and distributions of glomerular extracellular components, such as the 7S and NC 1 domains of type IV collagen, laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN) and IgA, in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy. Renal biopsy specimens from 13 patients with IgA nephropathy were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against the FN or non collagenous (NC 1) domain of type IV collagen or polyclonal antiserum against the LN or 7S domain of human type IV collagen, and then stained with appropriate dilutions of FITC labeled anti mouse Ig antisera. Marked staining of the 7S or NC 1 domain of type IV collagen, LN or FN was detected in the glomerular capillary walls and/or mesangial areas in patients with IgA nephropathy. In particular, a prominent increase of FN was observed in the subendothelial regions of glomerular capillary walls, i.e. mesangial interposition, in the moderate or advanced stage of IgA nephropathy. Therefore, computer imaging analysis was shown to be useful for the quantitative determination of such components distributed in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 296 305, 1989.
An Autopsy Case of Interlobar Arterial Dissection of the Kidney Following Long‐term Hemodialysis
Authors: Sato Akira , Uda Hirotsugu , Hata Hideo , Shimizu Nobuaki , Ohata Kazuyoshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of massive renal hemorrhage in a 49 year old male who had undergone maintenance hemodialysis for 8 years, is reported. No bleeding tendency had been noticed, and blood pressure had been reduced to within the normal range. Histological investigation with semiserial sections revealed that hemorrhage had occurred in four arteries, corresponding to the interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular levels, which existed in the same ruptured cyst wall. Acute dissection had occurred in two of the four arteries, leading to rupture of the cyst; this led to destruction of the remaining arteries. Both kidneys, which were markedly shrunken and had numerous cysts in the cortex and medulla, fell into the category of acquired cystic renal disease of long term hemodialysis. It was suspected that renal vascular change during hemodialysis, mechanical factors compressing the protruding artery in the cyst with scanty renal interstitium, and relatively radical hemodynamic changes during dialysis had contributed to the hemorrhage. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 342∼348, 1989.
Lectin‐ and Immunohistochemical Studies on Acquired Cystic Kidney and Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kikuchi Yasushi
Published: December 2008

Nine specimens of acquired cystic kidney were studied by means of lectin and immunohistochemistry. The cysts appeared to originate from any part of the nephron, but mostly from the proximal tubule. The cause of multicyst formation is still unclear, but the results of this study suggested that obstruction of the lower nephron might play an important role. Many microscopic carcinomas or dysplastic epithelial cells were observed in the cyst wall. All these carcinomas originated from the proximal tubule, except for one which was of Bellini duct origin and showed papillary growth. The reasons why almost all of the carcinomas originated from the proximal tubule were: 1) the majority of the cysts originated from the proximal tubule, and 2) dysplastic epithelial cells in the cysts originating from the proximal tubules were more frequent in number than those in cysts originating from other parts of the nephron. Histological observation showed that stimulation due to oxalate crystals in the proximal cysts was one of the causes of dysplastic epithelial cell hyperplasia. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 373∼380, 1989.
Epithelial Differentiation in Synovial Sarcoma Correlation with Histology and Immunophenotypic Expression
Authors: Sumitomo Masayuki , Hirose Takanori , Kudo Eiji , Sano Toshiaki , Shinomiya Sadao , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

The epithelial properties of the cells in six cases of synovial sarcoma, five biphasic and one monophasic, were examined. Epithelial cells formed well demarcated glandular nests with a multi or single layered lining, poorly defined nestlike clusters, or appeared as scattered single plump cells in a spindle cell stroma. Keratinization was seen in multi‐layered epithelia, and was suggested in single layered epithelia from the presence of some enlarged eosinophilic cells. Immunohistochemically, epithelia lining glands showed reactivity for both low and high molecular weight (MW) cytokeratins, and the reactions for both were strongest in keratinized cells. Clustered or single plump cells showed low MW cytokeratin reactivity. All epithelial cells were negative for the largest cytokeratin (no. 1), and occasionally stained positively for vimentin. Spindle‐shaped stromal cells usually stained positively for vimentin only. Type IV collagen was distributed linearly around well circumscribed epithelia, but not around poorly defined epithelia or plump cells. Epithelial membrane antigen was distributed linearly along glandular spaces and irregularly or granularly in clustered plump cells. The immunophenotypic epithelialization in synovial sarcoma was restricted, but showed considerable correlation with the histological grade of differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 381 387, 1989.
Ciliated Cells in the Cardiac Gland of the Human Stomach Evidence of Metaplastic Change
Authors: Torikata Chikao , Mukai Makio , Kawakita Hirobumi
Published: December 2008

In a study on 12 Japanese patients, many ciliated cells were found in the human cardiac mucosa in association with intestinal metaplasia. Two cases were studied by electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of cilia and basal bodies in the apical portion of the mucosal cells. The ciliated cells sometimes contained prominent auto‐phagosomes in the supranuclear region and abundant filaments in the cytoplasm, but neither mucus nor neuroendocrine granules were evident. Ciliated cells have commonly been found in human pyloric mucosa showing intestinal metaplastic changes in aged Japanese patients. In the cardiac mucosa, the incidence of ciliated cells was relatively low. Ultrastructural study revealed that the metaplastic gastric cilia were almost the same as those of respiratory cilia. The presence of ciliated cells in the adult human gastric mucosa was always associated with intestinal metaplasia; therefore our interpretation is that this is a type of metaplasia, for which we propose a new term, “ciliated metaplasia” of the stomach. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 388 392, 1989.
Endotracheal Neurilemoma with a Lymphoid Cuff. An Ultra structural and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo , Ishida Teruyoshi , Yasumoto Kosei , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: December 2008

A neurilemoma occurred in the trachea of a 63 year old woman complaining of dyspnea. Microscopically, the excised tumor was composed prodominantly of cellular areas of Antoni type A tissue and had a peripheral lymphoid cuff. The schwannian origin was confirmed both immuno‐histochemically and ultrastructurally. This tumor without nuclear palisading and Verocay bodies differed somewhat from a conventional soft tissue neurilemoma and closely resembled a particular form of neurilemoma of the stomach, previously reported as a unique entity. Thus, this type of neurilemoma does occur in sites other than the gastrointestinal tract. Acta Pathol Jpn 39:407 412, 1989.
Expression of the Alpha Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Normal and Neoplastic Neuroendocrine Cells
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

The alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was localized Immunohistochemically in paraffin sections of normal human tissues and neuroendocrine tumors. A small subset of dispersed neuroendocrine cells was positive in normal adult tissues, including gastric antrum, urachal remnant, anal glands and prostate. Positive cells were consistently present in perinatal lung but rare in adult lung. In contrast, the beta subunit was absent from these cells. Seventy two of 151 extrapituitary neuroendocrine tumors (48%) were alpha subunit positive. Thirty three of 37 bronchial carcinoids (92%) were immunore‐active, with a high percentage of the tumors (54%) containing moderate to large numbers of positive cells. The alpha subunit was further demonstrated in 9 of 45 small cell lung carcinomas (20%), 19 of 35 extrapulmonary carcinoids (54%), 3 of 11 islet cell tumors (27%) and 8 of 13 medullary thyroid carcinomas (62%). Two of three malignant islet cell tumors were positive. Positive cells were usually few in number, except for two small cell lung carcinomas, two rectal carcinoids, one thymic carcinoid and one malignant islet cell tumor. Pheochromocytomas (n=10) were negative. Eleven of 19 pulmonary tumorlets (58%) were alpha subunit immunoreactive. A few beta subunit positive cells were detected in only 6 lung lesions. The physiological significance of the imbalance of expression of HCG subunits by certain neuroendocrine cells and their tumors remains unknown. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 413 419, 1989.
Cancer of the Gastric Cardia and the Habit of Smoking
Authors: Unakami Masamitsu , Hara Mitsuru , Fukuchi Sotaro , Akiyama Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The habits of smoking and drinking were investigated in relation to pathologic findings in the stomachs of 1,347 patients who had undergone surgery for gastric cancer at Toranomon Hospital between 1977 and 1986. There were 1,210 patients (807 males and 403 females) with single gastric cancer and 137 (117 males and 20 females) with multiple gastric cancer. The most frequent location of the tumor in cases of single gastric cancer was the middle third (47.8%), followed by the distal third (33.4%), upper third (13.1%) and cardiac region (5.7%). Tobacco consumption was positively associated with gastric cancer in males (odds ratio as the approximate relative risk = 2.8), whereas alcohol consumption was not. Neither tobacco nor alcohol consumption was positively associated with gastric cancer in females. Among male patients with single cancer, the habit of smoking was more prevalent in those with cancer of the cardia than in those with cancer of other portions of the stomach (p<0.01). Acta Pathol Jpn 39:420‐424, 1989.
Histopathological Study of Aorto‐Coronary Bypass Grafts With Special Reference to Fibrin Deposits on Grafted Saphenous Veins
Authors: Imakita Masami , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue
Published: December 2008

A histopathological study was performed on 36 patients (60 grafts) who had undergone aorto‐coronary bypass graft (ACBG) surgery 0 to 99 months prior to death. The following pathologic changes were found: 1) The thickness of diffuse intimal proliferation in the ACBG progressed with time from graft surgery to death. 2) The media became atrophic and the adventitia was increased slightly in thickness. 3) Fibrin deposits were found in 20 patients on/in the intimal thickenings of the vein graft walls and 7 patients showed incorporated fibrin in the thickened intima even one month after surgery. 4) Atherosclerosis, identified as intimal foam cell accumulation or frank plaques, was seen in only 3 patients 4 years after surgery. Fi‐brointimal proliferation occurred with relatively greater frequency in patients with fibrin deposits (P< 0.001). Although it is well known that mural thrombi in vein grafts manifest fibrointimal proliferation, our results suggest that fibrin deposits might be responsible for intimal thickening even one month after graft surgery. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 425 432, 1989.
Mesonephric Duct Hyperplasia of the Uterus
Authors: Inai Kouki , Arihiro Koji , Tokuoka Soji , Katsube Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Atsushi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of mesonephric duct hyperplasia of the uterus, together with three cases of uterine mesonephric duct remnant, are reported. The latter cases were identified by serial transverse sectioning of 42 surgically resected uteri, yielding a frequency of approximately 7%. Histochemical studies showed no mucin in the cytoplasm of cells lining the mesonephric duct remnant, as well as mesonephric duct hyperplasia. In contrast, the endocervical epithelium had abundant neutral mucin, sialomucin and sulfomucin. Im‐munohistochemical studies on lectin binding showed positive binding of PNA and SBA lectins only to the lining cells of mesonephric duct hyperplasia. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 457 464, 1989.
Morphometric Changes in Glomerular Anionic Sites during Aminonucleoside Nephrosis
Authors: Washizawa Kazuhiko , Ishii Keiko , Itoh Nobuo , Mori Tetsuo , Akabane Taro , Shigematsu Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

Changes in glomerular anionic sites were examined mor‐phometrically in nephrotic rats receiving daily subcutaneous injections of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The high iron diamine thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate mothod showed that anionic sites composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycans formed a continuous band within the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in control rats. Only one day after the first injection of PAN, anionic site loss was already detectable, preceding the morphological changes in the epithelial cells. The number and size of the anionic sites decreased greatly between days 7 and 10, when urinary protein excretion began to appear. The number of anionic sites in the paramesangial regions (epithelial side of the mesangium) was slightly more reduced than that in the capillary walls. These results suggested that PAN directly injured the glomerular anionic sites and increased the permeability of the glomerulus to macromolecules. However, there was no complete correlation between the number of lost anionic sites and the level of urinary protein excretion. Thus protein excretion into the urinary space may be related not only to the loss of subepithelial anionic sites but also to dysfunction of the protein absorption mechanism in epithelial cells due to excessive permeation of macromolecules through the GBM. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 558‐565, 1989.
Ultra structural Study of the Human Pineal Gland in Aged Patients Including a Centenarian
Authors: Hasegawa Akio , Ohtsubo Kohichiro , Lzumiyama Naotaka , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

An ultrastructural study of human pineal glands obtained at autopsy from 7 patients older than 70 years was conducted in order to clarify the functional anatomy of the pineal in the aged. By light microscopy, the pineal glands from aged patients were parenchymatous and almost indistinguishable from those of younger controls. Electron microscopy of the pineal parenchymal cells revealed deep nuclear indentations, synaptic ribbons and ribbon fields, Golgi apparatus, lipofuscin granules and microtubular sheaves in all subjects, cilia with a 9+0 pattern in a few, and lamellated structures suggestive of the outer segment of photoreceptor cells very rarely. Microtubules were numerous in the cytoplasmic processes and bulbous endings. Fibrous astrocytes located between the pinealocytes showed long and thin cytoplasmic processes containing numerous glial filaments. Two types of nerve bouton were present in the pineal parenchyma, one of which contained clear vesicles forming synapse like contacts with pinealocytes. There were no significant age‐related changes in these features in a qualitative comparison with pineal glands from 5 adult patients younger than 70 years. These findings indicate that even in advanced age, the human pineal gland maintains some functions, such as intercellular communication and photoreception, in common with the pineal in lower vertebrates. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 30–40, 1990.
An Autopsy Case of Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma in a Radiation Technologist
Authors: Horie Akio , Hiraoka Katsumi , Yamamoto Osamu , Haratake Joji , Tsuchiya Takehiko , Sugimoto Hidekatsu
Published: December 2008

A case of peritoneal maligant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, welt developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane‐bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mosothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 57–62, 1990.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Disseminated Atypical Mycobacteriosis in a Patient with Busulfan Lung
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Sueishi Katsuo , Tanaka Kenzo , Nagata Nobuhiko , Hirose Nobuyuki , Shigematsu Nobuaki , Miake Shunji , Yoshida Minoru
Published: December 2008

A 32‐year‐old Japanese man with chronic granulocytic leukemia died of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary fibrosis, complicated by disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis. Epithelial hyper‐plasia caused by busulfan therapy was probably responsible for the induction of excessive surfactant production, resulting in alveolar proteinosis, and the immunosuppres‐sive state due to chronic granulocytic leukemia was probably related to the induction of disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 63–66, 1990.
Eosinophilic Neuronal Inclusion Bodies in the Temporal Lobe
Authors: Kojima Hideaki , Nagashima Kazuo , Tokunaga Hidehiro , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Etoh Mitsuaki
Published: December 2008

Intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusion bodies were found in the temporal lobe of an elderly woman. The oval or rod‐shaped inclusion bodies were eosinophilic, showed bright red staining with azan, and were about half the size of the nucleus of a large neuron. They were non argyrophilic and non congophilic. Ultrastructurally, the inclusion bodies consisted of aggregates of filamentous materials showing partial periodicity. Among inclusion bodies reported up to now, the present ones resembled some described previously as “thalamic inclusions”, but were different with regard to their partial filament periodicity, and unusual in that they were located in the deep layer of the temporal lobe and not in the thalamic nuclei. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 785‐791, 1990.
Expression of Leukocyte Common Antigen (CD45) on Various Human Leukemia/Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Nakano Akinobu , Harada Takayuki , Morikawa Shigeru , Kato Yuzuru
Published: December 2008

CD45 antigen (leukocyte common antigen), a unique and ubiquitous membrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 200 kDa, is expressed on almost all hematopoietic cells except for mature erythrocytes. However, the biological function of this glycoprotein still remains to be resolved. In order to clarify the role of CD45 antigen in hematopoietic cell differentiation and function, its expression on human leukemia lymphoma cell lines was studied by membrane immunofluorescence. Thirty eight established cell lines were analyzed using T29–33, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes the common epitopes of this glycoprotein molecule. Conventional cell marker studies were also carried out on these cell lines to compare their CD45 expression. It was shown that CD45 expression varies among B lineage cells depending on cell differentiation, in contrast to its stable expression on leukemic T cell (6/6, positive) and myeloid (5/5, positive) lineage cell lines. On the other hand, only two out of six histiomonocytoid lineage cell lines were positive. Human T cell leukemia lymphoma virus type I (HTLV‐I) associated T cell lines derived from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with adult T cell leukernia/ lymphoma (ATL/L) in Japan did not express CD45 on their cell surface. Taken together, these observations suggest that CD45 has a functional role in hematopoietic cell activation and differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 107–115, 1990.
Cardiovascular Anomalies of Cephalothoracopagus Synotus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature of 23 Japanese Autopsied Cases
Authors: Lshida Teruyoshi , Koga Makoto
Published: December 2008

A case of cephalothoracopagus female twins is reported, and the anatomical and pathologic features are described in detail. The central nervous systems were completely double. However, there were three eyeballs, two on the well‐formed face and one in the cranial base, forming a saddle shaped ridge of orbital plates. The latter was supplied by optic nerves of both individuals. On the other hand, there was a single esophagus, stomach and duodenum, but the intestine was shared equally at the jejunum by the two individuals. The larynges, tracheae, lungs, hearts, livers, pancreases, spleens and urogenital organs were also duplicated. Previously unreported abnormalities of the hearts are described, and a comparison with similar autopsy cases reported previously in Japan is given. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 128–136, 1990.
Serous Cystadenoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Tsutsumi Masahiro , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Tsujiuchi Toshifumi , Maruyama Hiroshi , Koizumi Masaki , Inagaki Takehiko , Toyokawa Motokuni , Konishi Yoichi
Published: December 2008

A 77‐year‐old man found to have an esophageal polyp underwent polypectomy. Histopathological examination revealed that the polyp consisted of multiple microcystic structures similar to those observed in cystadenoma of the pancreas. This type of tumor is very rare in the esophagus, and is suggested to originate from esophageal glands or remnants from the embryonal state. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 153–155. 1990.
Morphological Estimation of Brain Extracellular Fluid Dynamics in Cold‐induced Edema from the Aspect of Cerebrospinal Fluid‐Extracellular Fluid Communication
Authors: Hattori Hideyuki , Kimura Masatomo , Takahashi Manabu , Hashimoto Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Following the induction of cold injury in the parietal cortex of rats, the brain extracellular fluid dynamics under conditions of cryogenic edema were investigated morphologically from the aspect of extracellular fluid (ECF)‐cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) communication using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the cisterna magna as a marker. About 24 h after the induction of cold injury, HRP was distributed in the subjacent white matter of the lesion and around the ventricle. Forty‐eight hours after injury, the distribution of HRP around the lesion became distinctive. This distribution of HRP became more concentrated at the same location on day 3–4 after injury. At this time, HRP was observed to be distributed along the walls of small vessels, in the cytoplasm of a few neurons and in the neuropil around the lesion by light microscopy. At small vessels around the lesion, a dense deposit of HRP at the basement membrane and many abluminal vesicles were evident by electron microscopy. These findings indicate that ECF‐CSF communication changes drastically under the influence of edema fluid dynamics. In particular, the dense distribution of HRP around the lesion on day 3–4 after injury can be attributed to active retrograde transport by vessels in this area, a phenomenon considered important for edema resolution.
Immunoelectron Microscopic Localization of Human Type III Collagen in Human GastrointestinaI Carcinomas
Authors: Ohtani Haruo , Ooshima Akira
Published: December 2008

Ultrastructural immunolocalization of human type III collagen/procollagen was investigated in 28 cases of human gastrointestinal carcinoma by the pre‐embedding method using a monoclonal antibody. In addition to immunoreactivity on collagen fibers, amorphous or finely fibrillar immunoreactive substances were observed in the extracellular matrix adjacent to the plasma membrane and in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). These substances were considered to represent type III procollagen and/or collagen before fiber formation. Cytoplasmic recesses containing immunoreactive fibers were also observed. These findings related to collagen production were detected in stromal fibroblasts in 16 of 28 cases and in carcinoma cells in six of 28 cases. The positivity rate of these findings was lower in diffuse‐type gastric carcinoma. The present study thus clarified further details of collagen production and secretion, and revealed that carcinoma cells may also be involved in the production of stromal collagen in some cases as well as stromal fibroblasts.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoreactivity of Chondrocytes in Immature and Mature Teratomas
Authors: Notohara Kenji , Hsueh Chao Liang , Awai Michiyasu
Published: December 2008

The immunoreactivity of chondrocytes for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), other intermediate filament proteins and S‐100 protein was studied in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections. A total of 95 cartilage specimens were examined from five immature teratomas, 12 mature teratomas, and a teratocarcinoma. GFAP‐immunoreactive chondrocytes were abundant in immature cartilages, and as the cartilages maturated, these chondrocytes decreased and became distributed peripherally. Elastic cartilage had more GFAP‐immunoreactive chondrocytes than non‐elastic cartilage. GFAP‐immunoreactive cartilage was often located close to central nervous tissue. lmmunostaining for vimentin and S‐100 protein revealed extensive distribution of immunoreactive chondrocytes in immature and mature cartilages, but in mature cartilage, chondrocytes at the center had less vimentin immunoreactivity. GFAP‐immunoreactive chondrocytes also showed apparent immunostaining for vimentin. There was no difference in immunohistochemical staining for the α and α subunits of S‐100 protein. The immunoreactivities of teratoma cartilage specimens were quite similar to those of respiratory tract cartilage.
A Clinicopathologic Study of Tumors and Tumor‐like Lesions of the Penis
Authors: Hayashi Tomayoshi , Tsuda Nobuo , Shimada Osamu , Kishikawa Masao , Iseki Masachika , Nishimura Naoki , Taniguchi Keisuke , Saito Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A total of 147 specimens from 93 patients with penile lesions were examined at Nagasaki University Hospital during a 27‐year period from 1961 to 1987. The most frequent malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 33 cases, 35.5%), followed by extramammary Paget's disease, transitional cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease. The benign tumors and tumor‐like lesions included condylorna acuminatum, cyst of the genitoperineal raphe, and lymphangioma. SCC of the penis accounted for less than 0.1% of all specimens and less than 0.62% of malignant tumors in men filed at our hospital. True phimosis accompanied 81.5% of the SCC cases. The 5‐and 10‐year survival rates for SCC were 77.2% and 71.3% respectively. Two patients died of penile SCC. It was considered that an absence of both keratohyaline granules in the granular layer and melanin pigment in the basal layer can serve as a useful histologic indicator for diagnosis of well differentiated SCCs that are otherwise difficult to identify.
Atypical Endocrine Granules in Atypical Endocrine Tumor (AET) of the Lung: An Immunoelectron Microscopic Study
Authors: Fukayama Masashi , Furukawa Etsuko , Shiozawa Yumiko , Hayashi Yukiko , Funata Nobuaki
Published: December 2008

Highly dense granules are a hallmark for recognizing atypical endocrine tumor (AET) of the lung. We report a case of AET with many atypical neurosecretory type granules: moderately dense granules (mean size 373.7nm) and “target” granules with a central dense core (425.1 nm), both apparently larger than the highly dense granules (223.3nm). lmmunoelectron microscopical studies demonstrated that all three types of granule were positive for gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), human chorionic gonadotropin α‐subunit (hCGα), calcitonin or serotonin. Although the size profiles of positive granules were similar for calcitonin and hCGα, they were different from those of GRP or serotonin granules. The presence of atypical granules and the different size profiles of hormonal products in AET indicate that caution is required in ultra‐structural evaluation of granules in lung carcinomas.
A Case of Pancreatic Oncocytic Tumor
Authors: Nozawa Yoshihiro , Abe Masafumi , Sakuma Hideo , Ogata Masamitu , Haga Jinichi , Sakuma Hiroshi , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

An uncommon case of potentially malignant oncocytoma arising in the pancreatic tail of 54‐year‐old woman is reported. The tumor was encapsulated and measured 11×7×6cm. The tumor cells were uniform in appearance, plump and polyhedral, with distinct finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, and were arranged in solid acinar groups. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cells contained numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm. In the present case, the tumor cells showed perineural and small venous invasion in the pancreas and potentially malignant characteristics. However, neither recurrence nor metastasis has been detected 3 years after resection. These findings indicate that the present tumor had apparent low‐grade malignancy.
An Autopsy Case with Encephalitis Principally Confined to the Thalamus and Associated with Pulmonary and Gastric Cancers
Authors: Nakahama Masao , Fukusato Toshio , Machinami Rikuo , Murayama Shigeo , Nakano Imaharu , Tomonaga Masanori
Published: December 2008

We report an autopsy case of encephalitis principally confined to the bilateral thalamus and associated with pulmonary and gastric cancers. An 81‐year‐old man exhibiting behavioral abnormalities and progressive somnolence died of pneumonia 11 months after onset. Because the patient had lung cancer and no definite cause of the encephalitis was found, this case was categorized as one of paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. This may be the first reported case of this condition in which the central nervous system (CNS) lesion was located predominantly in the thalamus.