bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphor Screens Color Preferences Depending on Night Vision Experience and Luminance Level
Authors: Lewkowicz Rafał , Dereń-Szumełda Joanna
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important factors affecting visual performance during vision aided by night vision goggles (NVGs) is image quality, which depends mainly on the image-intensifier technology used. Although NVGs with green image color (P43 phosphor) are only accepted in military aviation, white image (P45 phosphor) seems to be equally well-regarded by aviators. The aim of our study was to determine if the experience of using NVGs with the green screen affects image preference for that color, and if the screen color preference is related to luminance level.

METHODS: Subjects (127 military pilots, 26–56 yr, M = 37.2; 62 pilots with flight experience with NVG use) were asked to observe a model terrain board at two different luminance levels (corresponding roughly to ambient conditions during starlight and one-half moonlight) while using two types of NVGs (green P43 and white P45 phosphor screens). The pilots were asked to answer a questionnaire about their preference for NVG display color.

RESULTS: The findings showed a significant difference between screen color preference and pilots’ experience with the green-phosphor-based NVGs (43.5% vs. 23.1% for white screens). However, there was no relationship between screen color preference and luminance level.

DISCUSSION: Previous NVG experience seems to play an important role in shaping a user’s individual preference for a certain phosphor screen color, although green and white phosphor screens both provide satisfactory visibility. Nevertheless, when deciding, it is advisable to experiment with both colors and select the one that suits the user’s preferences and needs.

Lewkowicz R, Dereń-Szumełda J. Phosphor screens color preferences depending on night vision experience and luminance level. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):749–757.
Recommendations for Updates to Emergency Medical Kits for Commercial Aviation
Authors: Rajagopal Alaina Brinley , Pissaris Adam , Clark Katharine , Merrill Andrea , Glatter Robert , Ho Amy , Towle Daryn C. , Yanuck Justin , Lahham Sari , Ulin Lindsey , Fischetti Chanel , Apisa Luke
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical kits (EMK) are provided to clinicians who volunteer on commercial aircraft during a medical emergency. The contents of the EMKs are mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States and, internationally, by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the country of airline origin. The mandatory contents of the kits have not been updated by the Federal Aviation Administration since 2006, and the EMKs continue to lack key equipment such as automated blood pressure cuffs, glucometers, pulse oximeters, and epinephrine autoinjectors. Of further concern is a lack of standardized and centralized reporting for in-flight medical events that, if it existed, could better inform the contents of the kits. This commentary is intended to advocate for an update to the EMKs in the United States given the authors’ experiences with in-flight medical events.

Rajagopal AB, Pissaris A, Clark K, Merrill A, Glatter R, Ho A, Towle DC, Yanuck J, Lahham S, Ulin L, Fischetti C, Apisa L. Recommendations for updates to emergency medical kits for commercial aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):794–796.
The Influence Of Level Of Disclosure On Brand Evaluation And Brand Recall With Psychological Trait Reactance And Program Involvement As Moderator Variables And Program Liking As Intervening Variables (Study On Subway Placement Products In The Korea Drama
Authors: Ifada Shafa Radisya Aulia , Widodo Teguh
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by product placement, which serves as an alternative to traditional advertising usually broadcasted on mass media and frequently used in Korean dramas. Given the popularity of Korean dramas among international audiences, global brands have sought to participate in such product placement activities. However, there are instances where viewers complain about excessive and unreasonable product placements that disrupt their engagement due to their frequent appearances. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of level of disclosure (LoD) on brand recall (BR) and brand evaluation (BE), while considering the moderating effects of psychological trait reactance (PTA) and program involvement (PI), with program liking (PL) acting as a mediating variable. The study focuses on subway product placement in the Korean drama "Descendants of the Sun" (DoTS). The research utilized a sample of 400 respondents who had watched the DoTS drama and had observed the subway product placement within the show. The results indicate that LoD indeed affects BR and PL. Moreover, PL significantly and positively mediates the relationship between LoD and BE. Based on the findings, this study recommends product owners aiming to advertise their products through dramas to select shows featuring well-known characters and enjoying high ratings. This strategy will likely attract more audience attention to their products.
Linking Climate Change with Economic Inequality: A Review Essay
Authors: Sarkar Jheelum
Published: October 2024

This article examines the complex relationship between climate change and economic inequality, exploring both cross-country and within-country scenarios. Changes in average temperatures and precipitations are identified as significant contributors to cross-country inequalities. Several studies have also employed greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, as an indicator of global warming. These studies show that the relationship between cross-country inequality and global warming is mixed and primarily depends on the pre-existing income levels of the countries being compared. The sudden onset of climate events exacerbates economic inequalities within a country. However, the extent of this impact varies depending on the adaptive capacities, occupation, and gender of individuals dwelling in the affected regions. In the case of within-country scenarios, gender emerges as a pivotal factor in the climate-inequality nexus, influencing labor division and accessibility to social infrastructure. This review highlights the multifaceted nature of the climate-inequality nexus and emphasizes the importance of incorporating both economic and social factors to inform effective policy interventions.
Performance Management Behaviour Questionnaire (PMCGD) applied to the management of healthcare organisations.
Authors: Gaspar Tania , De Sousa Barbara , Faia-Correia Manuela
Published: October 2024

The present study aims at adapting and validating the Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire (PMBQ) of Kinicki et al., (2013) into Portuguese to assess the Performance Management Behavior (PMBQ) applied to the management of health organizations. Data were collected in three hospital organizations reaching 470 health professionals. The most positive dimensions are related to Communication and Establishes/monitors/regulates Performance expectations. The least positive dimension of Performance Management is related to the Decision Making/Setting Goals process. The study Performance Management Behaviour Questionnaire (PMCMC) proved to be a psychometrically sound and theoretically valid measure with adequate psychometric properties and proved to be an innovative contribution to the assessment and promotion of the professionals' participation in the performance management process and monitoring of policies and strategies to improve human resource management promoting a better performance of the worker and the organisation as a whole.
Turizm Sektöründe Çalışan Yerli ve Yabancı Göçmen Kadın Deneyimleri: Marmaris Yöresinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: Açık Turğuter Ebru , Ezgin Ağıllı Sibel
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, Marmaris’e turizm sektöründe çalışmak için gelen yerli ve yabancı göçmen kadınların başta çalışma koşulları olmak üzere sektörde yaşadıkları deneyimleri ortaya koymak için tasarlanmıştır. Göçün kadınlaşması ve kesişimsel feminizm yaklaşımlarından yola çıkılan bu çalışmada saha verileri için nitel araştırma imkânlarından faydalanılmış ve yedisi yabancı uyruklu on biri yerli on sekiz göçmen kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, tematik analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiş ve “sektörde yerli veya yabancı göçmen kadın olmak”, “emek yoğun iş yaşamı ve deneyimler”, “farklı coğrafyalardan bir araya gelen kadınlar” olmak üzere üç alt tema altında yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, göçmen kadınların deneyimlerinin kimi noktada eşitlendiği; kimi noktada yerli ve yabancı olmanın sektördeki deneyimlerin farklılaşmasını beraberinde getirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Program Pendampingan Keluarga Anak Baduta stunting: Implementasi Interprofesional Collaboration (IPC) di Desa Beka, Marawola, Kabupaten Sigi
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Adhyanti Adhyanti , Eka Cahyani Yayuk , Faisal Iskandar , Nasrul Nasrul , Ramadhan Kadar , Taqwin Taqwin , Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman
Published: October 2024

Stunting remains a serious public health issue in Indonesia. The Family Assistance Program for Stunted Children under two years old with the Implementation of Interprofessional Collaboration in Beka Village, Marawola, Sigi District aims to implement Family Assistance for Stunted Children within the context of Interprofessional Collaboration to reduce stunting prevalence in Beka Village, Sigi District. Partners in this community service initiative include the Beka Village Head, Posyandu Cadres, Midwives, Nutritionists, and Marawola Community Health Center Doctors. Community service methods involve collaboration among various healthcare professions Midwives, Nurses, Sanitarians, Nutritionists, Doctors and community members such as Cadres, PKK Mothers, and Village Officials. Implemented in Beka Village, Marawola District, Sigi District, from January 10-31, 2024. It began with a Focus Group Discussion between the Service Providers from the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in Palu and the Beka Village Head, followed by education for 20 mothers of stunted children and 10 Posyandu cadres, and a 15-day Family Assistance for Stunted Children. The Service Providers handed over 2 anthropometric measuring tools and healthy snack bars to the Beka Village Government. Results of community service showed increased knowledge and healthy behaviors among toddler families and a decrease in stunting rates in Sigi District. The conclusion of this program is that Interprofessional Collaboration can be an effective model in addressing stunting at the community level.
Edukasi Pola Makan Gizi Seimbang dan Pemberian PMT di Desa Lempe
Authors: Febrianti Nuristha , Hardianti  , Masufufah
Published: October 2024

Praktik pemberian makanan yang tidak tepat dapat mengakibatkan malnutrisi. Jenis Malnutrisi pada balita di Indonesia adalah perawakan pendek (stunted) dan sangat pendek (severely stunted). Dusun 5 Kambuno Desa Lempe Kabupaten Toli-Toli merupakan salah satu wilayah yang belum terbebas dari permasalahan balita stunting. Dari hasil observasi didapatkan beberapa pemicu terjadinya stunting ialah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu terkait pentingnya pola makan gizi seimbang serta jarangnya ibu membawa balitanya ke posyandu untuk memeriksakan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut tim pengabdian mengusulkan alternatif melalui kegiatan dengan topik edukasi pola makan gizi seimbang dan pemberian PMT. Tujuan pengabdian yaitu memberikan pengetahuan kepada ibu balita terkait pola makan gizi seimbang dan pentingnya pemberian PMT untuk pencegahan stunting. Metode pengabdian yaitu melalukan pretest, edukasi media leaflet, pos-test, dan pemberian PMT. Sasaran pengabdian adalah ibu yang memiliki balita. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan  didapatkan 9 ibu balita menjawab post-test dengan benar semua (100%).
Pengabdian Pendampingan Praktik Pemosisian Kepala Anak dalam Pengukuran Panjang Badan Anak Baduta di Kertajaya, Gubeng. Surabaya - Indonesia
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Rusyadi Luthfi , Taufiqurrahman  , Mujayanto  , Soesanti Inne , Shofiya Dian , Hatijah Nur , Pengge Nuning Marina , Hindaryani Nurul , Intiyati Ani , Nugroho Riezky Faisal , Latifolia Ergia , Ratnasari Devi Eka , Halimah Husnul , Wardana Endra Tri Kusuma , Prionggo Anang , Putri Intan Maulina Alifia , Adhyanti  , Sariman Sarina
Published: October 2024

Pengabdian Masyarakat yang dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kader posyandu dalam pemosisian kepala dalam mengukur panjang badan anak di bawah dua tahun (baduta) di Posyandu Kertajaya, Kecamatan Gubeng, Surabaya. Pengabdian dilakukan dengan menggabungkan teori dan praktik untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengukuran panjang badan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 30 mahasiswa Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya dan 30 Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) posyandu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pengabdian, kader belum semuanya tepat ketika memosisikan kepala anak dan menggunakan alat ukur Length Board Measuring dengan benar. Setelah mengikuti pengabdian, keterampilan kader memosisikan kepala anak dan menggunakan alat ukur Length Board Measuring lebih baik. Penggunaan panduan pengukuran dari Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) dan demonstrasi langsung oleh dosen efektif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi kader. Temuan ini mendukung pentingnya pengabdian berkelanjutan untuk kader posyandu dalam rangka mendukung upaya penurunan prevalensi stunting dan peningkatan status gizi anak di Indonesia.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE JOÃO WANDERLEY GERALDI PARA O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO BRASIL: EM FOCO A PRÁTICA DE ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Bilhar de Souza Tatiana Fasolo , Costa-Hübes Terezinha da Conceição
Published: October 2024

A proposta da Prática de Análise Linguística (PAL), articulada à produção e leitura de textos, se destaca no Brasil com o professor e pesquisador João Wanderley Geraldi na década de 1980. Essa prática passou a integrar os eixos de ensino de LP no país com a publicação de documentos parametrizadores como os PCN (BRASIL, 1998) e a BNCC (BRASIL, 2018). No entanto, apesar de a PAL constar nesses (e em outros) documentos, nem sempre o que se orienta para a prática docente está em acordo com a proposta de Geraldi (1984, 1997[1991]). Assim, dada sua importância, é relevante retomá-la, discutindo o contexto de seu surgimento e as concepções que lhe são subjacentes, para que não percamos de vista a proposta geraldiana original e suas contribuições para o ensino de LP.
JOÃO WANDERLEY GERALDI NOS CONGRESSOS DE LEITURA DO BRASIL (COLE)
Authors: De Souza Oliveira Larissa , Lopes Martin da Silva Lilian
Published: October 2024

Relato que evidencia a participação de João Wanderley Geraldi nos Congressos de Leitura do Brasil (COLE) no período que vai de 1983 a 1995. Geraldi inaugura essa participação em 1983, já no 4º Cole, com relato de experiência pautado nas ideias de O Texto na sala de Aula e, desde então, passa a compor a programação do evento, sempre tecendo reflexões em diálogo com os diferentes momentos de nossa vida social, cultural, política e educacional.
O IMAGINÁRIO COMO FONTE DE MOTIVAÇÃO PARA PRODUÇÃO DA ESCRITA LITERÁRIA NA ESCOLA:
Authors: Da Silva João Batista , Maciel Keila Roberta Torres , Karlo-Gomes Geam
Published: October 2024

Este estudo traz uma proposta experimental de sequência didática genebrina do gênero conto de terror, desenvolvida em uma turma de 9º ano de uma escola municipal do Agreste pernambucano. Tratou-se, assim, de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como ponto de partida análises de símbolos oriundos do imaginário presentes em narrativas de terror estudadas em sala para, com isso, criar um ambiente de debates e reflexões propício para a produção escrita. Outrossim, as produções escritas dos estudantes serviram como corpus para as análises desenvolvidas, estas que apontam para resultados positivos na criação de um ambiente de reflexões, favorecendo a motivação para a produção de contos de terror.
Adjustment experiences of adolescents living with well-controlled type 1 diabetes using closed-loop technology
Authors: Kruger Sylvia , Deacon Elmari , van Rensburg Esmé , Segal David
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aimed to obtain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of adolescents with well-controlled type 1 diabetes who were adjusting to closed-loop technology.

Method

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Five participants (aged 15–18) were recruited from the Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Parktown, South Africa, to participate in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of adjusting to closed-loop technology.

Results

Five superordinate themes emerged (1): learning to trust the technology (2), making diabetes visible (3), building a relationship with diabetes (4), empowering support networks, and (5) transformative positive outcomes. The findings demonstrate that closed-loop technology positively impacts the adjustment to living with type 1 diabetes. However, as highlighted by all participants, the individual’s engagement and management are crucial. Based on the adolescents’ experiences, interventions should focus on psychological factors.
Novel management of pseudomonas biofilm-like structure in a post-pneumonectomy empyema
Authors: Gustafson Alexandra M. , Larrain Carolina M. , Friedman Lindsay R. , Repkorwich Rachel , Anidi Ifeanyichukwu U. , Forrest Karen M. , Fennelly Kevin P. , Carr Shamus R.
Published: October 2024

We present a patient with a post-pneumonectomy empyema refractory to surgical debridement and systemic antibiotics. The patient initially presented with a bronchopleural fistula and pneumothorax secondary to tuberculosis (TB) destroyed lung, which required a pneumonectomy with Eloesser flap. Ongoing pleural infection delayed the closure of the Eloesser flap, and thoracoscopic inspection of his chest cavity revealed a green, mucous biofilm-like structure lining the postpneumonectomy pleural cavity. Cultures identified pan-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite debriding this biofilm-like structure and administering systemic antibiotics, the patient continued to show persistent signs of infection and regrowth of the film. We employed a novel approach to dissolve the biofilm-like structure using intrapleural dornase alfa followed by intrapleural antibiotic washes. After 3 weeks of daily washes, repeat inspection demonstrated the biofilm-like structure had completely resolved. Resolving the pseudomonas biofilm-like structure allowed permanent closure of his chest without further need for systemic antibiotics. At follow up 3 months later, he showed no sequalae. This treatment option can be an important adjunct to improve likelihood of chest closure in patients with post-pneumonectomy empyema that resists standard treatment options due to biofilm formation.
A social-ecological approach to characterize ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Neira-Brito Francisco , Morales-Mite Manuel A. , Aguilar-Melo Adriana R. , Hull Vanessa
Published: October 2024

Social-ecological approaches are necessary to understand complex systems in which humans are dependent on ecosystem services to support their livelihoods. We implemented structured interviews (n=89) to characterize the social-ecological interactions between colonists and ecosystem services in four social-ecological systems located in two southern Amazonian provinces of Ecuador. This characterization allowed us to describe the subsistence activities, ecological knowledge, and local institutions present in the studied social-ecological systems. Cattle ranching, agriculture, and hunting provide safety nets to generate moderate levels of cash for colonists to face unpredictable events. However, these subsistence activities, as well as ecological knowledge and local institutions are not adapted to the local dynamic of the Amazonian ecosystems. Through this characterization of the colonists’ social-ecological interactions, we also identify the ecosystem services and disservices obtained. Thirteen ecosystem services were identified, six of which were generated within protected areas. Seven ecosystem disservices were also identified, none of them produced within protected areas. Our study shows the separation prevailing between humans and ecosystems in the social-ecological interactions of the colonists, and, at the same time, the key role of these maladapted interactions in their subsistence activities. This research contributes a qualitative strategy to assessing social-ecological interactions and illustrates the importance of the ecosystem services provided by the Amazon ecosystems to colonists.
The development of prosocial behavior from late childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal and multicultural study
Authors: Cirimele Flavia , Pastorelli Concetta , Remondi Chiara , Zuffianò Antonio , Thartori Eriona , Gerbino Maria , Di Giunta Laura , Bacchini Dario , Oburu Paul , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Steinberg Laurence , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Peña Alampay Liane , Al-Hassan Suha M. , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Dodge Kenneth A. , Gurdal Sevtap , Junla Daranee , Eisenberg Nancy , Lansford Jennifer E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Prosocial behavior (i.e., voluntary actions aimed at benefiting others, such as helping, comforting, and sharing) has proven beneficial for individuals' adjustment during the transition to adolescence. However, less is known about the role of the broader sociocultural context in shaping prosocial development across different cultures. Thus, the present study explored the longitudinal trajectory of prosocial behavior in the transition to adolescence (from ages 9 to 16) by examining the role of the Human Development Index (HDI) in relation to prosocial development.

Methods

A sample of 915 children (Time 1: 50.5% males; Mage = 9.24, SD = 0.69) across six countries (Colombia, Jordan, Italy, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States) participated in the study. Over four time points covering 7 years, prosocial behavior was assessed using a self-report measure.

Results

A second-order Latent Growth Curve Model, controlling for child gender and family SES, showed that prosocial behavior remained stable in contexts with high HDI, whereas increases in prosocial behavior were evidenced as children moved into adolescence in contexts with low HDI. Moreover, cultural differences in the mean level of prosocial behavior were shown during late childhood and the earliest phase of adolescence, whereas the national development of a given context did not account for differences in prosocial behavior during late adolescence.

Discussion

Findings underscore that national life expectancy, education, and wealth play a role in age-related changes in other-oriented behaviors during adolescence. The role of sociocultural factors in shaping trajectories of prosocial behavior across six countries is discussed.
Profiling bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) along the gastrointestinal tract and their influence on enterohormone secretion. Gender- and age-related effects in the colon
Authors: Jalševac Florijan , Descamps-Solà Maria , Grau-Bové Carme , Segú Helena , Auguet Teresa , Avilés-Jurado Francesc Xavier , Balaguer Francesc , Jorba Rosa , Beltrán-Debón Raúl , Blay Maria Teresa , Terra Barbadora Ximena , Pinent Montserrat , Ardévol Anna
Published: October 2024

Extraoral bitter taste receptors offer intriguing potential for modulating metabolism and the gut-brain axis through dietary interventions. Our understanding of these receptors is limited, and data on their effects on ageing are scarce. The complexity conveyed by their high diversity, low expression levels and species-dependent variability challenges our comprehension. We used real-time PCR to examine the relative abundance of multiple TAS2R across different segments of gastrointestinal mucosa in four human cohorts and related them to enteroendocrine secretions at the colon site. TAS2R14 exhibited the highest expression levels in all analyzed tissues. In contrast, TAS2R39, -38 and -42 consistently exhibited lower expression levels. Ageing was found to upregulate TAS2R4, -5, -13, -20 and GLP-1 mRNA in the descending colon. Stimulating TAS2R14 in Hutu-80 cells induced GLP-1 secretion, while stimulating TAS2R5 modulated GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Given the modifications TAS2R agonists may undergo along the GIT, as well as the distinctive expression patterns and possible functional roles of TAS2R receptors along the intestinal tract, our findings suggest the viability of a targeted strategy aimed at enhancing specific functions to improve health outcomes. This study offers valuable insights into the intricate interplay between bitter taste receptors, gut physiology and potential dietary interventions.
Genetic marker: a genome mapping tool to decode genetic diversity of livestock animals
Authors: Panchariya Darshan C. , Dutta Priyanka , Ananya  , Mishra Adyasha , Chawade Aakash , Nayee Nilesh , Azam Sarwar , Gandham Ravi Kumar , Majumdar Subeer , Kushwaha Sandeep Kumar
Published: October 2024

Genotyping is the process of determining the genetic makeup of an organism by examining its DNA sequences using various genetic markers. It has been widely used in various fields, such as agriculture, biomedical and conservation research, to study genetic diversity, inheritance, the genetic basis of disease-associated traits, evolution, adaptation, etc., Genotyping markers have evolved immensely and are broadly classified as random markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, etc.) and functional markers (SCoT, CDDP, SRAP, etc.). However, functional markers are very limited in genotype studies, especially in animal science, despite their advantages in overcoming the limitations of random markers, which are directly linked with phenotypic traits, high specificity, and similar logistic requirements. The current review surveyed the available random and functional markers for genotyping applications, focusing on livestock including plant and microbe domains. This review article summarises the application, advantages, and limitations of developed markers and methods for genotyping applications. This review aims to make the reader aware of all available markers, their design principles, and methods, and we discuss the marker inheritance patterns of RLFP and AFLP. The review further outlines the marker selection for particular applications and endorses the application of functional markers in genotyping research.
Aya Contigo: evaluation of a digital intervention to support self-managed medication abortion in Venezuela
Authors: Cleverley Kathryn , Sergeant Anjali , Zamberlin Nina , Medina Susana , Tam Genevieve , Gill Roopan
Published: October 2024

Background

Venezuela continues to face a humanitarian crisis, where healthcare is difficult to access and abortion is legally restricted. In response to a growing need for life-saving abortion and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, a digital application called Aya Contigo was co-developed with local partners to support self-managed medication abortion. We sought to evaluate this digital health tool among pregnant people seeking abortion in Venezuela.

Methods

This is a mixed-methods pilot evaluation of Aya Contigo, a digital tool for pregnant people seeking abortion in Venezuela. From April to June of 2021, people in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited via passive sampling. Once enrolled, participants accessed information and resources on the application and were supported by study team members over an encrypted chat. Following medication abortion, participants completed an online survey and a semi-structured interview. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the survey responses. Interviews were coded thematically and analyzed qualitatively with NVivo.

Results

Forty participants seeking medication abortion in Venezuela were recruited to the study and given access to Aya Contigo. Seventeen completed the online survey (42.5%), with all participants identifying as women and a mean age of 28 (range 19–38; SD 5.55). Participants expressed confidence in Aya Contigo; 53% (9/17) felt “very supported” and the remaining 47% (8/17) felt “somewhat supported” by the app throughout the self-managed abortion process. The app was rated as highly usable, with an overall System Usability Scale score of 83.4/100. Thirteen respondents participated in a semi-structured phone interview, and qualitative analysis identified key themes relating to the experience of seeking abortion in Venezuela, the user experience with Aya Contigo, and the app's role in the existing ecosystem of abortion and contraceptive care in Venezuela.

Discussion

This mixed-methods pilot study demonstrates that the Aya Contigo mobile application may support pregnant people seeking medication abortion and post-abortion contraceptive services in Venezuela. Participants valued the provision of evidence-based information, virtual accompaniment services, and locally-available sexual and reproductive health resources via the digital tool. Further research and interventions are needed to ensure that all pregnant people in Venezuela can access safe abortion and contraceptive resources.
“Dictionary of immune responses” reveals the critical role of monocytes and the core target IRF7 in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Xu Peichuan , Li Kaihui , Yuan Jinghong , Zhao Jiangminghao , Pan Huajun , Pan Chongzhi , Xiong Wei , Tan Jianye , Li Tao , Huang Guanfeng , Chen Xiaolong , Miao Xinxin , He Dingwen , Cheng Xigao
Published: October 2024

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is widely regarded as the primary contributor to low back pain(LBP). As an immune-privileged organ, upon the onset of IDD, various components of the nucleus pulposus (NP) are exposed to the host’s immune system, accumulating cytokines. Cytokines facilitate intercellular communication within the immune system, induce immune cells polarisation, and exacerbate oxidative stress in IDD.

Methods

Machine learning was used to identify crucial immune cells. Subsequently, Immune Response Enrichment Analysis (IREA) was conducted on the key immune cells to determine their cytokine responses and polarisation states in IDD. “CellChat” package facilitated the analysis of cell-cell communication. Differential gene expression analysis, PPI network, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, GSVA, co-expressed gene analysis and key gene-related networks were also performed to explore hub genes and their associated functions. Lastly, the differential expression and functions of key genes were validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results

Through multiple machine learning methods, monocytes were identified as the crucial immune cells in IDD, exhibiting significant differentiation capacity. IREA revealed that monocytes in IDD polarize into an IFN-a1 and IFN-b enriched Mono-a state, potentially intensifying inflammation. Cell–cell communication analysis uncovered alteration in ANNEXIN pathway and a reduction in CXCL signaling between macrophages and monocytes, suggesting immune response dysregulation. Furthermore, ten algorithms identified three hub genes. Both experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo have conclusively shown that IRF7 serves as a crucial target for the treatment of IDD, and its knockdown alleviates IDD. Eight small-molecule drugs were predicted to have therapeutic potential for IDD.

Conclusion

These findings offer a multidimensional understanding of the pathogenesis of IDD, pinpointing monocytes and key genes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. They provide novel insights into potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD.
Thyroid hormone regulates both melanin and non-melanin pigmentation in Sinibrama taeniatus via three types of chromophores
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Siya , Feng Qilin , Cheng Linfeng , Teng Ran , Wei Lan , Wu Yuanbing , Wang Zhijian , Yuan Dengyue
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Body color is a prominent phenotypic trait and a significant economic characteristic in fish. While current research mainly examines the effects of genetic factors, less emphasis has been placed on the role of endogenous hormones in fish body color.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the changes in phenotype and pigment content in juvenile Sinibrama taeniatus after a 30-day treatment with gradient concentrations of L-thyroxine. To further understanding of the regulatory roles of thyroid hormone on pigment synthesis, we investigated the expression changes in genes involved in melanin-based and non-melanin-based pigmentation under the different hormonal regimes.

Results

Compared to the control group, the body color of the low-concentration L-thyroxine treatment group (20 nM) was lighter, while that of the high-concentration group (40 nM and 80 nM) was darker. Thyroid hormone treatment simultaneously affected melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores in different ways, leading to an increase of melanin and guanine, and a reduction of pteridine and β-carotene. These findings suggest that thyroid hormone regulates fish body color pigment synthesis through both melanin-based and non-melanin-based mechanisms. Additionally, expression of genes involved in melanin-based (e.g. ctnnb1, wnt10b, and adcy3) and non-melanin-based pigmentation (e.g. xdh, ltk, pnp4a, and mpv17) were modified by thyroid hormone treatment.

Discussion

Our results enhanced the understanding of the role of thyroid hormone in fish pigmentation and provide useful information for cultivating fish with desirable body colors in aquaculture.
Enhanced cold tolerance mechanisms in Euglena gracilis: comparative analysis of pre-adaptation and direct low-temperature exposure
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Fu Wen , Du Ming , Yao Rao , Zhang Dan , Li Chao , Chen Zixi , Wang Jiangxin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Microalgae, known for their adaptability to extreme environments, are important for basic research and industrial applications. Euglena, unique for its lack of a cell wall, has garnered attention due to its versatility and the presence of bioactive compounds. Despite its potential, few studies have focused on Euglena’s cold adaptation mechanisms.

Methods

This study investigates the cold adaptation mechanisms of Euglena gracilis, a microalga found in highly diverse environmental habitats, by comparing its growth, photosynthetic performance, and physiological and biochemical responses under two low-temperature cultivation modes: pre-adaptation to 16°C followed by exposure to 4°C (PreC) and direct exposure to 4°C (DirC).

Results and discussion

In this study, the PreC group exhibited superior growth rates, higher photosynthetic efficiency, and more excellent antioxidant activity compared to the DirC group. These advantages were attributed to higher levels of protective compounds, enhanced membrane stability, and increased unsaturated fatty acid content. The PreC group’s ability to maintain higher cell vitality under cold stress conditions underscores the significance of pre-adaptation in enhancing cold tolerance. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in E. gracilis, emphasizing the benefits of pre-adaptation. These insights are crucial for optimizing the cultivation of algal species under cold stress conditions, which is essential for both biotechnological applications and ecological studies. This study not only advances our understanding of Euglena’s adaptive responses to low temperatures but also contributes to the broader field of algal research and its industrial exploitation.
Metabolic adaptations of Shewanella eurypsychrophilus YLB-09 for survival in the high-pressure environment of the deep sea
Authors: Qiu Xu , Tang Xixiang
Published: October 2024

Elucidation of the adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies of deep-sea microorganisms to extreme environments could provide a theoretical basis for the industrial development of extreme enzymes. There is currently a lack of understanding of the metabolic adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea microorganisms to high-pressure environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanisms enabling a strain of the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella eurypsychrophilus to thrive under high-pressure conditions. To achieve this, we used nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analyses of S. eurypsychrophilus strain YLB-09, which was previously isolated by our research group and shown to be capable of tolerating high pressure levels and low temperatures. We found that high-pressure conditions had pronounced impacts on the metabolic pattern of YLB-09, as evidenced by alterations in energy, amino acid, and glycerolipid metabolism, among other processes. YLB-09 adapted to the high-pressure conditions of the deep sea by switching from aerobic intracellular energy metabolism to trimethylamine N-oxide respiration, altering the amino acid profile, and regulating the composition and the fluidity of cell membrane. The findings of our study demonstrate the capacity of microorganisms to alter their metabolism in response to elevated pressure, thereby establishing a foundation for a more profound understanding of the survival mechanisms of life in high-pressure environments.
Intermittent low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise effects on cognition in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study exploring biological mechanisms
Authors: Gujral Swathi , Cameron Judy L. , Conaty Kayla , Ziady Sumer , Sahu Amrita , Jakicic John M. , Rogers Renee J. , Rosano Caterina , Vallejo Abbe N. , Erickson Kirk I. , Ibrahim Tamer S. , Aizenstein Howards , Reynolds Charles F. , Butters Meryl A.
Published: October 2024

Background/objective

To examine the cognitive benefits of 6 months of prescribed intermittent exercise (10-min bouts totaling 150 weekly minutes) in community-dwelling older adults, comparing effects of low-intensity movement (LIM) and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic exercise; AE) training; and exploring biological mechanisms of exercise-related cognitive improvement.

Method

Twenty-five adults (>60 years old) participated in a 6-month controlled trial and were randomized into LIM or AE intermittent training. Cognition was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery including the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd Edition (CVLT-II), and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Neuroimaging measures were collected using a 7 T human MRI scanner. Serologic neurotrophic and inflammatory factors were analyzed using Luminex multiplex assays [brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]; interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1).

Results

LIM and AE intermittent training had dissociable effects on cognition, with LIM resulting in improved learning and memory and AE resulting in improved executive functioning. Intervention groups differed on change in cognitive performance on CVLT-II learning and D-KEFS trail making test. Increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) surface area was linked to executive improvement (i.e., phonemic fluency) regardless of intervention group. A decline in circulating PAI-1 was linked to learning and memory improvement in response to LIM over 6 months.

Conclusion

Moderate-intensity AE and LIM intermittent training likely have distinct cognitive benefits, though low-intensity activity is often included as a control group in exercise trials in aging.
Effect of traditional Chinese exercises on the physical and mental health of stroke patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shao Yan , Han Jing-Yuan , Li Hai-Long , Ren Zhu-Ping , Yang Hui
Published: October 2024

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises on stroke and explore the dose-response relationship between the type of exercise and exercise duration with respect to physical and mental health.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to stroke patients and traditional Chinese exercise that met the evaluation criteria, from the inception of the database until September 2022. After assessing the quality of the literature, we used RevMan5.4 for data analysis.

Results

A total of 27 RCTs were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that motor function [MD = 4.79, 95% CI: (4.14, 5.43), p < 0.001], balance function [MD = 5.25, 95% CI: (3.93, 6.56), p < 0.001], and mental health [MD = −2.42, 95% CI: (−3.92 to −0.92), p = 0.002] were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group.

Conclusion

Traditional Chinese exercises have a positive effect on the physical and mental health of stroke patients, with the most significant benefit observed in balance function. While traditional Chinese exercises improve exercise capacity and mental health in stroke patients, these improvements are not directly correlated with longer practice time, and there appear to be certain limitations regarding duration.
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin in the treatment of Chinese postherpetic neuralgia compared to analgesics: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Lin Ping
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy and safety of a subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) compared to analgesics.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 10 September 2023. The primary clinical outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and clinical effective rates. The secondary clinical outcome included the adverse event rate during follow-up.

Results

A total of 14 studies with 1,358 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the included patients, 670 participants received botulinum toxin A injections and 688 participants received other medication treatments. The botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) group exhibited lower pain scores [week 2: Mean difference (MD): −1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.63 to −1.20, and p < 0.00001; week 4: MD: –1.69, 95% CI: −2.69 to −0.68, and p < 0.00001; week 8: MD: –1.66, 95% CI: −2.20 to −1.12, and p < 0.00001; week 12:MD: –1.83, 95% CI: −2.70 to −0.96, and p < 0.00001; and week 24: MD: -1.07, 95% CI: −1.16 to −0.99, and p < 0.00001]. The effective rate was significantly higher in patients who received BTX-A for postherpetic neuralgia compared to those who received lidocaine or gabapentin (lidocaine: MD: –1.55, 95% CI: −2.84 to −0.27, and p = 0.02 and gabapentin: MD: –1.57, 95% CI: −2.12 to −1.02; and p < 0.00001). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the treatment groups [odds ratio (OR): 1.25, 95% CI: 0.43 to 3.61, and p = 0.69].

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis showed that BTX-A has certain advantages in relieving postherpetic neuralgia compared to analgesics. In addition, BTX-A is safe for treating postherpetic neuralgia, with no notable side effects.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021289813.
COVID-19 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): a propensity matched analysis (2020-2021)
Authors: Sivasubramanian Barath Prashanth , Joshi Shashvat , Ravikumar Diviya Bharathi , Madhumithaa Jagannathan  , Babu Sonia , Sripathi Shanthi Reddy , Javvaji Avinash , Jain Priyanshu , Kumar Shanmugam Dinesh , Swami Kannan Bharath Duraisamy , Tirupathi Raghavendra , Dalal Rutul
Published: October 2024

Background

By 2023, COVID-19 had caused 6.8 million deaths in the United States. COVID-19 presents more severely in leukemia compared to solid tumors (OR 1.6, p<0.05). However, data on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) are limited. We investigated the mortality in AML and MDS patients with COVID-19.

Methods

Data from the 2020-2021 National Inpatient Sample was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. We identified AML and MDS patients with COVID-19 hospitalizations through ICD-10 codes. Analysis was done by propensity matching and multivariate regression with a p-value of ≤0.05.

Results

Of 28,028 AML admissions, 336 (1.2%) were admitted for COVID-19. AML-COVID-19 cohort had a lower hospitalization risk (aOR 0.3, p=0.000) and higher mortality (21.7% vs 8.7%; aOR 1.6, p=0.023) than AML patients admitted for other causes. AML patients post-HSCT (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation) had a higher risk of COVID-19 (20.2% vs 9.8%; aOR 2.6, p=0.000) and increased mortality (19.1% vs 6.7%; aOR 4.1, p=0.000) compared to other causes. Similarly, of 28,148 MDS patients, 769 (2.7%) were admitted for COVID-19. The MDS-COVID-19 cohort had a lower hospitalization risk (aOR 0.59, p=0.000) and higher mortality (19.6% vs 6.6%; aOR 2.2, p=0.000) compared to other causes. In MDS, HSCT did not alter the risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations (3% vs 3.9%; aOR 0.9, p=0.662), but these patients had higher mortality (17.4% vs 5.1%; aOR 4.0, p=0.032).

Conclusion

COVID-19 hospitalization was low in AML and MDS but carried a high mortality risk. Post-HSCT, the mortality is high, warranting research into understanding the underlying factors.
Antifungal potential of marine bacterial compounds in inhibiting Candida albicans Yck2 to overcome echinocandin resistance: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed Merae
Published: October 2024

Candida albicans (C. albicans), a common fungal pathogen, poses a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals, particularly due to the emergence of resistance against echinocandins, a primary class of antifungal agents. Yck2 protein, a key regulator of cell wall integrity and signaling pathways in C. albicans, was targeted to overcome this resistance. A virtual screening was used to identify Yck2 inhibitors from marine bacterial compounds. Further re-docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and various analyses such as root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen bonding, free binding energy calculations, and RG-RMSD-based free energy landscape were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and stability of the identified compounds. Among the compounds screened, CMNPD27166 and CMNPD27283 emerged as the most promising candidates, demonstrating superior binding affinities, enhanced stability, and favorable interaction dynamics with Yck2, surpassing both the control and other compounds in efficacy. In contrast, CMNPD19660 and CMNPD24402, while effective, showed lesser potential. These findings highlight the utility of computational drug discovery techniques in identifying and optimizing potential therapeutic agents and suggest that marine-derived molecules could significantly impact the development of novel antifungal therapies. Further experimental validation of the leading candidates, CMNPD27166 and CMNPD27283, is recommended to confirm their potential as effective antifungal agents against echinocandin-resistant C. albicans infections.