bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The utility of immunohistochemistry for detecting mycobacterial infections in bronchoalveolar lavage & bronchial washings
Authors: Nasare Anuja Satish , Swain Meenakshi , Roa Ratnamani
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:

Tuberculosis, most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an infectious bacterial disease, with a major impact on global health. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, techniques were compared on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial washings (BW) with respect to sensitivity and specificity for detecting mycobacteria, taking culture as the gold standard.

Methods:

Consecutive BAL and BW specimens were included in the study, over a period of one year for which AFB cultures were available. Samples with diagnosis other than inflammatory pathology such as malignancies or inadequate samples were excluded. A total of 203 BAL and BW specimens from patients with age ranging from 14 to 86 yr were analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. The utility and efficacy of ZN stain and IHC in detecting mycobacteria was tested using AFB culture as a gold standard.

Results:

Out of 203 cases, 10.3 per cent (n=21) were positive on AFB culture. Of these, 5.9 per cent (n=12) smears were positive for ZN stain, whereas IHC positivity was seen in 8.4 per cent (n=17) of the cases. ZN staining had a sensitivity of 57.1 per cent and a specificity of 100 per cent whereas, IHC had a sensitivity of 81 per cent and a specificity of 81.9 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Comparison with AFB culture (gold standard), IHC was found to be superior to ZN stain in terms of sensitivity, whereas ZN stain was found to be superior to IHC in terms of specificity. These findings therefore suggest that IHC may be a useful adjunct to ZN stain in the detection of mycobacteria in specimens from the respiratory tract.
Comparison of prevention of parent-to-child HIV transmission programme & national biennial HIV sentinel surveillance data for tracking HIV epidemic in India
Authors: Lakshmi P. V. M. , Elangovan Arumugan , Bhatnagar Tarun , Kant Shashi , Rai Sanjay K. , Saha Malay K. , Godbole Sheela , Mehendale Sanjay , Singh Y. Manihar , Verma Vinita , Rajan Shobini , Kumar Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:

HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) among antenatal women in India has been used to track the epidemic for many years. However, reliable tracking at the local level is not possible as ANC sentinel sites are limited in number and cover a smaller sample size at each site. Prevention of parent-to-child-transmission (PPTCT) programme data has a potential advantage due to better geographical coverage, which could provide more precise HIV case estimates; therefore, we compared HSS ANC data with PPTCT programme data for HIV tracking.

Methods:

Out of the 499 surveillance sites, where HSS and PPTCT programme was being conducted in 2015, 210 sites (140 urban and 70 rural) were selected using a stratified random sampling method. HSS (n=72,981) and PPTCT (n=112,832) data records were linked confidentially. The sociodemographic characteristics of HSS and PPTCT attendees were compared. HIV prevalence from HSS ANC was compared with the PPTCT programme data using Chi-square test. State- and site-level correlation of HIV prevalence was also done. Concordance between HSS and PPTCT HIV positivity was estimated using kappa statistics.

Results:

The age distribution of HSS and PPTCT attendees was similar (range: 23 to 27 yr); however, HSS ANC participants were better educated, whereas PPTCT recorded a higher proportion of homemakers. The correlation of HIV prevalence between HSS and PPTCT was high (r=0.9) at the State level and moderate at the site level (r=0.7). The HIV positivity agreement between HSS ANC and PPTCT was good (kappa=0.633). A similar prevalence was reported across 26 States, whereas PPTCT had a significantly lower prevalence than HSS in three States where PPTCT coverage was low. Overall HIV prevalence was 0.31 per cent in HSS and 0.22 per cent in PPTCT (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

High-quality PPTCT programme data can provide reliable HIV trends in India. An operational framework for PPTCT-based surveillance should be pilot-tested in a phased manner before replacing HSS with PPTCT.
Extent of use of artificial intelligence & machine learning protocols in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Dang Amit , Dang Dimple , Vallish B. N.
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have shown promising results in cancer diagnosis in validation tests involving retrospective patient databases. This study was aimed to explore the extent of actual use of AI/ML protocols for diagnosing cancer in prospective settings.

Methods:

PubMed was searched for studies reporting usage of AI/ML protocols for cancer diagnosis in prospective (clinical trial/real world) setting with the AI/ML diagnosis aiding clinical decision-making, from inception till May 17, 2021. Data pertaining to the cancer, patients and the AI/ML protocol were extracted. Comparison of AI/ML protocol diagnosis with human diagnosis was recorded. Through a post hoc analysis, data from studies describing validation of various AI/ML protocols were extracted.

Results:

Only 18/960 initial hits (1.88%) utilized AI/ML protocols for diagnostic decision-making. Most protocols used artificial neural network and deep learning. AI/ML protocols were utilized for cancer screening, pre-operative diagnosis and staging and intra-operative diagnosis of surgical specimens. The reference standard for 17/18 studies was histology. AI/ML protocols were used to diagnose cancers of the colorectum, skin, uterine cervix, oral cavity, ovaries, prostate, lungs and brain. AI/ML protocols were found to improve human diagnosis, and had either similar or better performance than the human diagnosis, especially made by the less experienced clinician. Validation of AI/ML protocols was described by 223 studies of which only four studies were from India. Also there was a huge variation in the number of items used for validation.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings of this review suggest that a meaningful translation from the validation of AI/ML protocols to their actual usage in cancer diagnosis is lacking. Development of regulatory framework specific for AI/ML usage in healthcare is essential.
Government Debt Sustainability and Investments in Nigeria: Trends and Risk Thresholds amidst Macroeconomic Swings
Authors: Onyele Kingsley Onyekachi , Ikwuagwu Eberechi Bernadine , Opara Confidence Chinwe
Published: April 2023

The core idea behind government debt is to fund fiscal deficit, which is anticipated to drive economic investments. To a larger extent, this is not the case, as evidenced in the Nigerian context, where debt has risen so high with investment levels declining, thus questioning the government's ability to manage and sustain its debt to pursue vital investment needs. This study aimed to investigate the threshold effect of debt sustainability on investments amidst macroeconomic swings from 1981 to 2020. In this regard, the threshold autoregressive regression (TAR) was used because it gave information on the optimal threshold of debt sustainability that would attract investments. Also, the Granger causality test was carried out to show the direction of causality among the variables. This paper concentrated on debt service to revenue and total debt stock to GDP as debt sustainability measures while investment was decomposed into public, private, and foreign investments. The paper yields that, based on the multivariate TAR analyses, the main threshold variables, that is, debt service to revenue and total debt stock to GDP, had a non-linear relationship with public, private, and foreign direct investments amidst changes in macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, inflation, and monetary policy rate. The threshold coefficient of debt service to revenue indicated that public and foreign direct investments declined during low thresholds while private investment increased. However, the opposite prevailed when debt service to revenue exceeded the threshold values. However, the Granger causality test showed that debt service to revenue Granger caused total debt stock to GDP and exchange rate Granger caused debt service to revenue ratio, implying that exchange rate swings could affect the government's ability to service debt which in turn explains the non-linear relationship between debt sustainability and investments. Hence, it was concluded that Nigeria's lack of debt sustainability was associated with revenue generation, which explains why the models did not follow a linear path.
Enhanced Student Support System in Open and Distance Education Using Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Ezeanya Christiana U. , Onu Fergus U. , Ezea Ikechukwu J. , Obabueki Omo-Okhirelen
Published: April 2023

Open and distance education provides access to education to all categories of learners. Learners in Open and Distance education system face the problem of inadequate support services especially when they encounter issues on their studies that need urgent attention. The educational services offered in open and distance education system can only be effective if there is an effective student support system. This study explores the need to enhance the open and distance student support system using Long Short Term Memory neural network. The approach of machine learning was adopted in the area of issue and complaint resolution whereby the issues/complaints are raised in the form of a ticket which is categorized based on their priority. The Last Short Term Memory neural network was used in the prediction of the best solution based on previous input. The enhance student support system was able to provide effective and timely feedback on student issues and complaints. This in turn lowers the rate of student dropout from the system and also provides enabling learning environment for the learners. Machine learning-based student support services improve the effectiveness of the service rendered thereby making the learners improve their academic performance.
Analysis of the Causes of Outages in the Distribution System of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akanni Samson A. , Melodi Adegoke O. , Ale Thomas O.
Published: April 2023

The distribution system is essential in the provision of electricity for all consumers. However, outages occasioned by faults are a major setback in ensuring a regular supply of electricity to consumers in a populous state like Lagos. This study analyses the outage causes, their cost, energy loss, and duration of outages experienced by electricity consumers in the distribution systems of Lagos State. The fault reports of Eko Electricity Distribution Company (EKEDC) and Ikeja Electricity Distribution Company (IKEDC) were used for the analysis. The analysis revealed that the main causes of outages on the network are transient faults (356.78 occurrences per month) and jumper cuts (352.83 occurrences per month). The average monthly cost impacts of the outages on the network are estimated to be between ₦631m & ₦837m and ₦837m & ₦1.66b for the 11kV and 33kV networks of the State respectively. The average monthly energy lost due to outages on the network for the period under review is significant (100,415.34 MWh in total) while the average monthly duration of the outages is notably high (28,463.34 hours in total). To minimise outages and their impacts, faults should be cleared on time while the lines are patrolled and maintained regularly. The jumpers should be replaced with metal line taps or bi-metal line taps while intermediate poles are introduced in over-spanned lines to minimise transient fault on the network of the State.
Load Modelling for a Federal Medical Center in Nigeria under Erratic Power Supply
Authors: Adedayo-Afe Taiwo M. , Melodi Adegoke O. , Adu Michael R.
Published: April 2023

Load data of a Federal Medical Center (FMC) in Nigeria, under prevailing erratic power supply from Nigeria’s electric power distribution company (DisCo) feeders, were considered to develop model load curve and electricity use values for planning effective electricity use and management. The analytical methods applied include nominal load evaluation for the entire FMC, data acquisition by direct hourly load monitoring for 12 months, diesel fuel consumption observation for power supply during DisCo outages, energy metering, outage events and durations, descriptive statistical evaluations of data. The results obtained and analysed include the following: nominal load, daily load and electricity use models. The results established daily load curve and parameters, such as load factor, daily average power and expected electrical energy consumption model in a typical Nigerian FMC. Model load factor is 0.545, which would be uneconomical especially when using standby generators the whole day due to failure of Disco feeder.
The Role of High-sensitive C-Reactive Protein in predicting Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Kiani Sadaf Shabbir , Ashraf Waheed , Khan Muhammad Nadir , Chaudhry Azhar Ali , Azad Naseem , Rehman Waheed Ul , Zafar Asma
Published: April 2023

Objectives: We investigated the correlation between baseline C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), measured in terms of Syntax Score (SScore), among patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC), Rawalpindi, from April 2022 to October 2022. Baseline Hs-CRP levels were obtained for all the patients. Patients were divided into three groups as per the SScore as low (≤ 22), intermediate (≥ 23), and high (≥ 33) burden of CAD.
Results: Out of the 200 patients studied, 82.5% (165) were males, and mean age was 60.16±10.66 years. Diabetics were 50% (100) of the sample, 48.5% (97) were hypertensive, and smokers were 17.5% (35). Median Hs-CRP was 4.0 mg/L [2.0-12.5 mg/L], and median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 45% [40-55%]. Median SScore was 23.5 [14.5-30.0], with 44.5% (89) categorized as low, 36.5% (73) as intermediate, and 19% (38) as high burden of CAD. The correlation between Hs-CRP and SScore was 0.236 (p=0.001) and -0.229 (p=0.001) with LVEF. A significant increase in Hs-CRP was observed in relation to the burden of CAD (p<0.001) with median of 2.0 mg/L [1.0-4.2 mg/L], 6.0 mg/L [3.1-15.7 mg/L], and 12.5 mg/L [5.8-20.7 mg/L] for low, intermediate, high burden of CAD, respectively.
Conclusion: Admission Hs-CRP was found to be positively correlated with the burden of CAD and negatively correlated with LVEF in patients with ACS.
Small But Mighty: The Power of Lightweight Cryptography in IoT
Authors: T. Aditya Sai Srinivas  , A. David Donald  , I. Dwaraka Srihith  , D. Anjali  , A. Chandana
Published: April 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about significant changes to various domains such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. However, security remains a critical challenge in IoT due to the large number of connected devices with varying processing capabilities and memory constraints. Traditional cryptographic algorithms are not well-suited for IoT devices due to their high computational and memory requirements. Lightweight cryptography algorithms have emerged as a promising solution for securing IoT devices with limited resources. In this abstract, we provide an overview of lightweight cryptography algorithms for IoT, including their design principles, security properties, and performance evaluation.
Centrally Chiral Arenes: From Concept to Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Ray Sayan , Ghosh Biki , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: April 2023

Compared to the well-established axial, planar, and helically chiral arenes, central chirality in arene derivatives arising out of unsymmetrically substituted arene rings is a relatively underexplored research topic. However, this counterintuitive concept is indeed fascinating. With inherent challenges associated with their enantioselective synthesis, desymmetrization of prochiral and meso-compounds has recently emerged as a straightforward approach to such centrally chiral arenes. This article aims to give an overview of this concept along with the state-of-the-art syntheses, including our own endeavors in this direction.
Gold Catalysis: A New Contender for Cross-Coupling Reactions with Aryl Halides
Authors: Bedi Vaibhav , Mahajan Puja K. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: April 2023

Cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides catalyzed by transition metals such as Pd, Ni, Cu etc have shown to be effective tools for the generation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. However, because of the difficulties associated with the oxidative addition of organohalides or pseudohalides on gold complexes, such cross- coupling reactions are non-trivial in gold catalysis. Recent research revealed that gold- catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides are possible and the current article shall briefly discuss the state-of-the-art in the field.
Asking Ligands to Lend a Hand
Authors: Bera Jitendra K. , Mukherjee Sayan , Reshi Noor U Din
Published: April 2023

In classical transition-metal-catalysts, the ligand is a spectator, while all key transformations such as oxidative addition, β-hydride elimination and reductive elimination occur at the metal center. Herein, the ligand plays no direct role in the catalytic cycle and its function is limited to stabilizing the metal center and tuning its coordination environment. In recent years, participating ligands, which play an active role during the course of reaction, have received greater attention. The use of such ligands has allowed for the development of more active/selective catalysts and opened up new reaction pathways. There are many ways in which a ligand can influence the metal center to accelerate the catalytic transformation. For example, hemilabile ligands allow reversible dissociation of a donor unit to adapt to the stereoelectronic requirements of the reaction intermediates.Redox-non-innocent ligands participate in transferring electrons to/from the metal. There is a class of ligands that directly participate in bond making/breaking and undergo reversible chemical transformation during the catalytic cycle.These modes of ligand cooperativity have been discussed in many excellent reviews including those by Caulton,Milsteinand Grützmacher. Herein, we aim to address two distinct strategies to achieve ‘ligand-driven-chemistry’ – the use of (a) electronically asymmetric ligand, and (b) protic ligands. A brief discussion on the role of ligands in water activation for functionalization of organic compounds is given at the end.
Polyphenol loaded nanoparticles as antiglycating agents: A case study with human serum albumin
Authors: Ghosh Pooja , Chaudhury Susmitnarayan , Parveen Sultana , Dasgupta Swagata
Published: April 2023

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formed through nonenzymatic glycation results in diseases including diabetic complications, Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis etc. The development of novel antiglycating agents has thus become an important area of research. In our present work, we have reported the inhibitory activity of morin loaded PLGA NPs (MPNPs) on the D-ribose induced glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) based on spectroscopic studies. MPNPs were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. HSA was incubated with ribose at 37 °C for one month and the formation of AGEs was confirmed from fluorescence studies, the increase in absorbance and the measurement of free amino groups. Further HSA and ribose mixtures incubated with MPNPs showed significant reduction in the extent of advanced glycation end product formation that were confirmed by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI- ToF) techniques. The structural changes induced by MPNPs were further confirmed by circular dichroism studies. Our findings suggest that MPNPs have the potential to be used antiglycating agents.
Chemical Biology of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Mugesh Govindasamy , Giri Debasish , Mondal Santanu
Published: April 2023

Thyroid hormones (THs) are synthesized in thyroid follicular cells and secreted by the thyroid gland. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the body metabolism and temperature, heart rate, neuronal growth, cardiovascular, renal and brain functions. Thyroid gland mainly produces the iodine-containing prohormone L-thyroxine (T4), which undergoes monodeiodination or 5’-deiodination by the selenium- containing iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) to generate the biologically active hormone T3. In this general review, the chemical biology aspects of thyroid hormone actions in various organs, biochemical synthesis of T4 in thyroid gland, the role of iodine, thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase in the chemical pathways of hormone synthesis, the transport of hormones by various transport proteins in the blood stream, and various metabolic pathways. The regioselective deiodination of T4 by three isoforms of DIOs to produce active and inactive metabolites and the receptor binding of thyroid hormones are also discussed.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A New Phase in Our Laboratory
Authors: Walimbe Anuja , Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: April 2023

Our laboratory at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali is involved in studying the intriguing conformational. characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that do not fold up into a well-defined 3D structure and exist as rapidly fluctuating conformational ensemble. Our research over the past decade or so has dealt with the IDPs and partially unfolded proteins and their conversion into amyloid aggregates that are associated with deadly neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and prion diseases. We were particularly interested in characterizing the monomeric and oligomeric precursors of amyloid fibrils. This work has been summarized in an invited Feature Article. The current article primarily deals with the newer research direction of our lab in liquid- liquid phase separation of IDPs. Here we summarize our recent exciting discoveries in phase separation of range of disease-related IDPs. Below we provide a background of the emerging field of biomolecular condensates and describe our published results.
Attachment of Virus to Host Cell Surface upon Specific Binding to Membrane Receptors and Attachment Factors
Authors: Chaudhary Monika , Parveen Nagma
Published: April 2023

Viruses are spherical particles of size 50–500 nm. The genome (DNA or RNA) of viruses is typically encapsulated by a protein shell, known as, capsid which is further coated by a protein-rich lipid bilayer for enveloped viruses. Most non-enveloped viruses have a rigid capsid with a high structural symmetry such as icosahedral, helical, and complex. The capsid and envelope proteins are part of the structural proteins of viruses and provide distinct structural features. A major function of these structural proteins is determining the binding of viruses to host cells and these structural proteins are the most exposed on the viral surface. While viruses are simple biological nanoparticles devoid of genetic machinery, they can replicate once they enter a host cell. This is a multistep process starting with the interaction of the viral surface proteins with specific molecules of a cell surface. It is well established that virus particles must evade or cross through the 1.5-μm-thick proteoglycan shield surrounding a cell to reach the plasma membrane of the cell. Viruses have evolved to interact with the proteoglycans and receptors of the plasma membrane to trigger signals for endocytosis or membrane fusion, processes essential for cellular entry (Figure 1). Despite the fact that viruses can intrude multiple tissues and organs of a host, the infection predominates in specific organs and cell types. This is determined by the specific interaction of the viral surface proteins with the proteoglycans and plasma membrane receptors.
Iatrochemical and Alchemical Knowledge in Medieval India
Authors: Basu Prajit K.
Published: April 2023

Inthis essay, I describe very briefly, the pursuit of chemical knowledge in India until the period of the early eighteenth century. The attempt is not to discuss in any exhaustive way various strands of chemical practices from the antiquity till the late seventeenth century but to offer a glimpse of a variety of chemical endeavours, in different geographical locations of India, visualized from iatrochemical, alchemical and chemical industry perspectives. The first two perspectives also seem to suggest a strong theoretical backdrop of the relevant practices. However, it historically remains an open question how the theory and the practices informed each other if at all it actually happened. The motivation for organizing this essay in the way I have arises from two distinct ideas. The first is to revisit the historiographic insights that late Professor Prafulla Chandra Ray brought to bear in writing a remarkable two volumebook titled A History of Hindu Chemistry. I will explain that in a bit more detail below. Second, in engaging with the primarily textual accounts of chemical practices in Ancient and Medieveal India, I stay true to the view that Chemistry is both a science (a body of knowledge about some aspects of nature or the material world) and an art, a set of practices which have a bearing on the kind of knowledge these practices produce including making new materials with interesting functions and properties. Indeed there has been a great deal of interest to review our understanding of Chemistry given that Chemistry is involved in making new materials and molecules. This synthetic and preparative aspect of chemistry (see e.g., Schummer (1997), opens up new historiographical directions to write history of chemistry.I will have a bit more to say about what historiographical repercussion this view has and how I employ it below.
Diversity index of solved tasks as a criterion for the behavioral component of competencies
Authors: Геращенко А.М. , Бус Т.В. , Казарян А.Р. , Шапошникова Т.Л. , Шапошников В.Л.
Published: April 2023

Актуальность исследования связана с необходимостью совершенствования методик, позволяющих оценить параметры конкурентоспособной личности. Известно, что целевой ориентир образовательного процесса – формирование у обучающихся компетенций и личностно-профессиональных качеств, не сводимых к знаниям и умениям. Также известно, что диагностика качества образования немыслима без оценки сформированности компетенций и личностно-профессиональных качеств. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время известно множество универсальных параметров, отражающих сформированность поведенческого компонента компетенций, в статье предложен новый критерий, который косвенно отражает и конкурентоспособность личности. Обосновано, что оценка нового параметра – точная измерительная процедура, основанная на теории множеств и требующая обработки первичной информации. Теоретическая значимость результатов настоящего исследования – в возможности дальнейшего осмысления такой проблемы, как становление компетенций в непрерывном образовательном пространстве. Практическая значимость исследования – в возможности использования его результатов в системах педагогического мониторинга.

The relevance of the research is associated with the need to improve methods to assess the parameters of a competitive personality. It is known that the target of the educational process is the formation of students’ competencies and personal and professional qualities that cannot be reduced to knowledge and skills. It is also known that the diagnostic assessment of the quality of education is impossible without assessing the formation of competences and personal and professional qualities. Despite the fact that many universal parameters reflecting the formation of the behavioral component of competencies are currently known, the article proposes a new criterion that indirectly reflects the competitiveness of the individual. It is substantiated that the estimation of a new parameter is an exact measuring procedure based on the theory of sets and requiring the processing of primary information. The theoretical significance of the results of this study lies in the possibility of further understanding of such a problem as the formation of competencies in a continuous educational environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in pedagogical monitoring systems.
Readiness of a university-graduate to social and professional service
Authors: Калегина Ю.В.
Published: April 2023

Современные исследователи в области истории, философии, социологии, педагогики, экономики все чаще поднимают вопросы о ресурсах развития общества, заключенных в «нематериальных» формах: ответственность человека, его призвание и чувство долга, социальные ценности, смысл жизни, личный выбор, общественно и лично востребованные способы поведения в социальной практике и профессиональной деятельности. Целью статьи является анализ понятия и явления готовности к служению, как результата учебно-педагогического взаимодействия в образовательном процессе. В статье ретроспективно рассмотрены теоретический и практический аспекты развития представлений в педагогике о служении на всех этапах профессионализации, с применением системной методологии выявлены морфоструктура и функции служения, описаны этапы развития. Автор рассмотрела процесс развития служения как свойства человека свойства в образовательном процессе вуза, в котором педагогическое содействие представлено средством доведения компетенции служения у человека до уровня готовности.

Modern researchers in the field of history, philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, economics are increasingly raising questions about the resources for the development of society, concluded in "intangible" forms: human’s responsibility, his calling and sense of duty, social values, meaning of life, personal choice, socially and personally demanded ways of behavior in social practice and professional activity. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept and phenomenon of readiness to serve as the result of educational and pedagogical interaction in the educational process. The article retrospectively discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of ideas in pedagogy about service at all stages of professionalization, using the system methodology; the morpho-structure and functions of service are identified, the stages of development are described. The author considered the process of service development as a human property in the educational process of the university, in which pedagogical assistance is a means of bringing the competence of service at a personality to the level of readiness.
The relationship of parental attitudes and family relationships among preschoolers’ parents of different age groups
Authors: Славутская Е.В. , Павлова А.В.
Published: April 2023

Актуальность работы обусловлена существенным влиянием родительских установок и семейных взаимоотношений на формирование личности детей дошкольного возраста. Целью работы является изучение взаимосвязи родительских установок и семейных взаимоотношений у родителей (мам) дошкольников различных возрастных групп. Авторами приведены результаты сравнительного исследования таких взаимосвязей в семьях с дошкольниками в возрасте 3 – 5 и 6 – 7 лет. Проведен корреляционный анализ результатов изучения стиля семейного воспитания (тест АСВ) и родительских установок (тест PARI). Экспериментально показано, как особенности семейных взаимоотношений могут коррелировать с родительскими установками. Результаты психодиагностики и выявленные корреляционные взаимосвязи значительно различаются у мам с дошкольниками в возрасте 3 – 5 лет и у мам с дошкольниками в возрасте 6 – 7 лет, что говорит об изменениях стиля воспитания детей в процессе их взросления, о развитии родительских и педагогических характеристик у самого родителя.

The relevance of the work is due to the significant influence of parental attitudes and family relationships on the preschool children personality formation. The aim of the work is to study the correlation between parental attitudes and family relationships among parents (mothers) of preschoolers of different age groups. The authors present the comparative study results of such relationships in families with preschoolers aged 3 – 5 and 6 – 7. A correlation analysis psycho-diagnostic data of the family education style (test AFR) and parental attitudes (test PARI) was carried out. It is proved experimentally that features of family relationships have correlations with parental attitudes. The results of psychodiagnostics and the revealed correlations are different in mothers of preschoolers aged 3 – 5 and in mothers of preschoolers aged 6 – 7, which indicates changes in the style of parenting of children in the process of their growing up, the development of parental and pedagogical characteristics of the parent himself.
وجوه الترجيح بين أقوال المفسرين عند الإمام النحاس في كتابه (معاني القرآن)
Authors: عبد الله بن حسين مـحمد العمودي
Published: April 2023

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين. لقد تناولت في هذا البحث البسيط الموسوم ارتء القاضي أبو يوسف الاقتصادية في إحياء الأراضي الموات من خلال كتابه الخراج.وذلك لأهمية الموضوع في عصرنا هذا من اجل استقلال الأراضي المتروكة والعائدة للدولة من اجل تنشيط الاقتصاد للدولة وقد قسمت البحث الى ثلاث مباحث تناولت في المبحث الاول تعريف القاضي أبي يوسف.وفي المبحث الثاني بيان أهمية كتاب الخراج كأحد مصادر دراسة تاريخ الاقتصاد الاسلامي وجاء المبحث الثالث في تعريف إحياء الأراضي الموات لغة واصطلاحا من ثم الخاتمة والهوامش والمصادر والمراجع.
Teleworking, a triangle of perceptions: Managers, workers and family members
Authors: Pérez-Campdesuñer Reyner , Sánchez-Rodríguez Alexander , García-Vidal Gelmar , Martínez-Vivar Rodobaldo
Published: April 2023

Teleworking requires changes in the previous practices associated with its actors: managers, workers and family members. Not being able to assimilate these changes can affect the satisfaction of each one and generate a set of unfavorable effects in the different roles. In this research, through a survey applied to 321 participants from nine Ecuadorian provinces, assuming an infinite population and ensuring a researcher error of less than 10%, the level of satisfaction of the three roles analyzed was characterized with respect to a group of associated variables. As a result, it can be argued that although telework generates benefits for workers and employers, it requires changes in management methods and provokes different attitudes in the family environment. Regarding managers, although they recognize teleworking as viable, they perceive that their traditional control methods require changes to assume new practices and must be based on higher levels of trust and the development of a results-oriented function. With respect to workers and their families, they recognize that teleworking gives them a set of facilities, although it could affect family relationships and become a source of stress that affects health.
Discriminación de género en el mercado laboral
Authors: Bucaram-Leverone Rina , Quinde-Rosales Victor , Quinde-Rosales Francisco , Vera Pianda Pamela
Published: April 2023

La disparidad salarial en Ecuador, es una realidad latente y palpable que frena y obstaculiza el desarrollo pleno de la mujer dentro de la sociedad. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar la existencia de brechas salariales de género entre los economistas graduados de la Facultad de Economía Agrícola de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador durante el período 2000-2021, empleando los datos recolectados a través de encuestas realizadas a 472 graduados estudiados. La metodología utilizada parte de un razonamiento inductivo bajo un enfoque empírico-analítico, con el fin de cumplir el objetivo de investigación, se utilizó la ecuación de Mincer y la descomposición salarial propuesta por Oaxaca-Blinder. Los resultados señalan la existencia de discriminación de género en el mercado laboral ecuatoriano y un diferencial salarial entre los graduados de la Facultad de Economía Agrícola. Se concluye que las disparidades salariales se deben a problemas culturales, y no a la falta de preparación de los graduados; el conocimiento generado sobre la temática representa un aporte para la formulación de políticas públicas que enmienden la deuda con los sectores de la sociedad discriminados.
Gestión de desperdicios alimentarios: una visión desde la política pública colombiana
Authors: Acevedo Correa Diofanor , Montero Castillo Piedad Margarita , Marrugo Ligardo Yesid Alejandro
Published: April 2023

La gestión de desperdicios alimentarios es un problema global, cobra cada vez mayor importancia. La generación de estos representa pérdidas económicas e impacta el ambiente y los ecosistemas, con esto, impacta directamente la salud pública y su enfoque se centra en mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la gestión de desperdicios alimentarios desde la política pública colombiana, para lo cual se realizó un abordaje bibliográfico y una investigación de corte documental. En Colombia existe un marco jurídico que impulsa un grupo de decisiones y acciones gubernamentales o medidas públicas como el fomento del compostaje, la financiación de proyectos, la promoción de la educación en la materia, la recolección selectiva de residuos, el impulso de la economía circular y la separación de residuos. Se destaca que producto del desconocimiento generalizado de la sociedad en torno al problema, la escasa inversión y la precaria infraestructura, la ejecución de dichas políticas se vuelve cuesta arriba para el país. Se concluye que la gestión en el área requiere mayor control y seguimiento sobre la aplicación de las regulaciones, así como, el esfuerzo conjunto de gobierno, empresa y sociedad civil.
Diagnóstico ambiental da entomofauna em área de exploração florestal no norte de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Meurer Eliandra , Barboza da Silva Ogliari Ludymilla
Published: April 2023

Os insetos são indicadores dos níveis de impacto ambiental devido sua grande diversidade de espécies e habitat, além do papel nos processos biológicos dos ecossistemas naturais. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento da entomofauna terrestre e vetora no período de chuva e seca em uma área de exploração florestal no norte de Mato Grosso. O levantamento da entomofauna do local foi realizado em 14 pontos de coleta, distribuídos nos diversos ambientes para uma maior abrangência no diagnóstico das áreas de exploração florestal de uma fazenda madeireira localizada em Colniza, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A plasticidade dos insetos permite que sejam utilizados como bioindicadores de alterações ambientais, sendo as formigas e os besouros os mais utilizados neste trabalho, por terem uma taxonomia definida, e resposta correlacionada a qualidade ambiental. Nesta área de floresta ombrófila densa, a entomofauna apresentou distinção significativamente maior entre os pontos amostrais devido a especificidade dos organismos quanto a estrutura do habitat em relação às variações sazonais.
Assessing the Impact of Technology Use, Social Engagement, Emotional Regulation, and Sleep Quality Among Undergraduate Students in Jordan: Examining the Mediating Effect of Perceived and Academic Stress
Authors: Abojedi Amjed , Alsheikh Ali Ahmad Sa'ad , Basmaji Judy
Published: April 2023

The quality of sleep is affected by several psychological factors. University students experience different types of stress and develop various strategies to cope with it. This study assesses the impact of technology use, social engagement, emotional regulation, and sleep quality among undergraduate students in Jordan, while examining the mediating effect of perceived and academic stress. A convenience sample of 308 undergraduate students was selected from the University of Jordan. The results indicated that the study model was fit, with significant direct negative impacts of social engagement, time management, and emotional regulation on perceived stress. Additionally, there was a significant direct negative relationship between technology use, time management, and emotional regulation on academic stress. The results show indirect significant standardized effects of social engagement, time management, and emotional regulation on the quality of sleep through the mediation of perceived stress.
KİTAP İNCELEMESİ: KÜRESEL GIDA GÜVENLİĞİ (GERÇEKLER-ÇAĞRILAR-PERSPEKTİFLER)
Authors: ÇELİK Fatma , İNAN Osman
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Prof. Dr. Eldar Guliyev’in “Küresel Gıda Güvenliği (Gerçeklikler-Çağrılar Perspektifler)” isimli küresel gıda güvencesi konusunda önemli bilgiler veren ve farklı bakış açıları geliştiren kitabını tanıtmaktır. Yazar, “Gıdaya ulaşım hakkını temel insan hakkı” olarak tanımlayan 1948 tarihli Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’nden başlayarak başta Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) olmak üzere ulusal veya uluslararası düzeyde pek çok kuruluşun önemle üzerinde durduğu gıda güvencesi hususunda; mevcut durumu ortaya koymuş, ülkelerin ve uluslararası kuruluşların yaptığı çalışmalar hakkında bilgiler vermiş, küresel gıda güvencesini günümüzde tehdit eden ve gelecekte muhtemel tehdit edebilecek konuları sıralayıp bunlar için çözüm önerileri geliştirmiştir. İncelenen kitap, uluslararası ödüllü olup, 2017 yılı Kasım ayında Roma’da gerçekleştirilen, 8 ülkenin ünlü bilim ve eğitim kurumları, akademik çevreler, Roma’daki uluslararası örgütler ve aynı zamanda BM Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) temsilcileri ile birlikte Azerbaycan’ın İtalya’daki Büyük Elçilik temsilcilerinin de katıldığı kitap tanıtımında İngilizce dilinde geniş çevrelere tanıtılmıştır. Bu tanıtımda, Prof. Eldar Guliyev’e, BM Kamu Hizmetler Ödülü Konseyi’nin uluslararası Yılın Kitabı ödülü takdim edilmiştir. Kitap, BM İsviçre’deki Merkezi Kütüphane Fonu’na alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda tanıtımda Prof. Eldar Guliyev’e Vatikan Bonifesiana Akademisi’nin gerçek üyelik (akademik) diploması da takdim edilmiştir. Ayişe Nebi tarafından Azerbaycan Türkçesi’nden Türkiye Türkçesine aktarılan kitap, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Uluslararası İlimler Akademisi’nin Bilimsel Kurul üyelerinin 24 Mayıs 2019 tarihli, 5 nolu kararına istinaden 1000 adet olarak Eylül 2019’da yayımlanmıştır.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CASOS DE BRONQUITE NO HOSPITAL GERAL DA CELA DE JUNHO A DEZEMBRO DE 2019
Authors: Kamalanga Herculano Calandula , Chimbandongo Andre Carlos , Chaves Josias Justino Cambindja , Chipati António Franklin , Dinis Frederico Kalilu
Published: April 2023

Frequentemente, a bronquite aguda é um componente da infecção da via respiratória superior causada por rinovírus, parainfluenza, vírus da influenza A ou B, vírus sincicial respiratório, coronavírus ou metapneumovírus humano. Causas menos comuns podem ser Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis e Chlamydia pneumoniae. No mundo inteiro, dados epidemiológicos demonstram que milhões de pessoas sofrem desta enfermidade, e morrem prematuramente devido a suas complicações. Atualmente, a DPO ou Bronquite é a 12ª doença mais prevalente no mundo e segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), será a quinta, nos próximos anos. A presente investigação tem o objectivo de conhecer o comportamento da bronquite em pacientes que internaram no Hospital Geral da Cela no período de Maio a Setembro e  para o modelo de pesquiza,  levou-se  em conta um desenho qualitativo, descritivo, transversal prospectivo. O método  empregado foi a administração de  questionários a todos os pacientes com o diagnóstico da doença  que responderam ao critério de inclusão. É possível que ao se aplicar a metodologia de divulgação de bronquite  poderá ocorrer a diminuição do índice da doença. Dos 31 pacientes avaliados, a maior parte são do sexo femenino, e a exposição a factores ambientais continua a ser a maior causa da doença.
O empreendedorismo em biotecnologia no Brasil: uma fonte de inovação
Authors: Tonon Adriana Pagan , Macedo Fernando Luis , Macedo Creuza Sayuri Tahara
Published: April 2023

Os estudos sobre o empreendedorismo, inovação e biotecnologia vem ganhando destaque no cenário mundial. E se faz necessário avaliar a inovação e suas consequências para o empreendedor, que é um requisito para o sucesso do empreendedor, principalmente quando envolve a área biotecnologia. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender por meio da pesquisa na literatura como a inserção da inovação no empreendedorismo pode contribuir para a área da biotecnologia. Para buscar a compreensão necessário ao tema, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que existem lacunas entre o empreendedorismo e o processo de buscar por inovação, seleção de ideias e os desafios diante das mudanças necessárias para que as iniciativas do empreendedor sejam bem-sucedidas. Na área de biotecnologia o empreendedorismo pode auxiliar nos processos de inovação, além de fortalecer a capacidade de competitividade. Assim, esta pesquisa coloca em debate as questões relevantes sobre o empreendedorismo, o processo de inovação na área de biotecnológica e seu impacto na economia e na sociedade.
Self- Esteem and Suicidal Ideation among Victims of Violence Women Southern Punjab
Authors: Alam Noor , Nadeem Masood
Published: April 2023

The aim of the current study was to examine self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among victims of violence in southern Punjab. The sample for the study is consisted of 132 victims of violence women. The sample was taken by using a purposive sampling technique from the shelter home and NGOs (Bahawalpur City, Kanpur, Multan, and NGOs). To collect data, two main instruments were used: (1) to assess self-esteem, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965); and (2) to assess suicidal ideation, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (Beck, 1988). This research is based on quantitative, cross-sectional research design and a purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. SPSS tool has been used to analyze the data and the comparison shown that married women participants having higher level of suicidal ideation as compared to unmarried. There was significant difference of self-esteem and suicidal ideation among rural and urban area victims of violence women. The comparison shown that urban women participants having slightly higher level of self-esteem as compared to rural. The current study findings are applicable only in the selected area and these can be used to develop social reforms for the victim women of violence.