bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RODITELJSTVO: SLOBODNO VRIJEME RODITELJA I OBITELJI DJECE S TEŠKOĆAMA U RAZVOJU
Authors: Kafedžić Lejla , Šušnjara Snježana
Published: May 2024

Roditeljstvo je uvijek izazov, a roditelji odgajaju dijete na različite načine, što ovisi o brojnim faktorima, kao što su: osobine, kompetencije i pomoć koja im se pruţa i dr. RoĎenje djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju dodatno usloţnjava ovu vaţnu ulogu roditelja s obzirom na izazove koji su rezultat potrebnog vremena da se roditelji prilagode i prihvate karakteristike djeteta, dinamike unutar obitelji, poloţaja djeteta u obitelji, odnosa izmeĎu supruţnika, odnosa prema drugoj djeci, uključivanja djeteta u vršnjačku skupinu, planiranja sadašnjosti i budućnosti i slično. Vaţno pitanje u roditeljstvu je i slobodno vrijeme roditelja, ali i obitelji u cjelini. Slobodno vrijeme je društveni fenomen nastao u industrijskoj civilizaciji i sastavni je dio ţivota svakog pojedinca. Kroz zajedničko slobodno vrijeme, članovi obitelji se mogu posvetiti jedni drugima, izgraĎivati kvalitetnije odnose u obitelji, ali i postići osobni razvoj. Kada se govori o slobodnom vremenu obitelji djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju često se govori o obiteljskim rutinama koje su fokusirane na teškoću djeteta, pronalaţenju dodatnih resursa potrebnih za realizaciju aktivnosti slobodnog vremena, balansiranju izmeĎu posla, tretmana u koja je uključeno dijete s teškoćama u razvoju i slobodnog vremena, i slično. Dodatni izazov predstavlja vrijeme koje roditelji pojedinačno ili u paru mogu provesti zajedno, a koje ne uključuje dijete s teškoćama u razvoju. U tom smislu, cilj rada je utvrditi iskustvo planiranja i provoĎenja slobodnog vremena roditelja i obitelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju. Dosadašnja istraţivanja u ovom području su oskudna, ali potvrĎuju da je ovo pitanje itekako relevantno za daljnje bavljenje istraţivača, s obzirom na utvrĎene dobrobiti slobodnog vremena. Dobrobit usmjerenog slobodnog vremena se očituje i kroz prevenciju izazovnih oblika ponašanja djeteta.
KRIVIČNOPRAVNI I VIKTIMOLOŠKI ASPEKT MALOLJETNIČKE DELINKVENCIJE – IZAZOVI, DILEME
Authors: Karović Sadmir , Simović Marina
Published: May 2024

Maloljetnička delinkvencija, nije novina u društvu već pravni i društveni fenomen koji je u različitim periodima ljudske istorije bio prisutan u različitim fenomenološkim oblicima ispoljavanja. I danas postoje različita shvatanja u naučnoj i stručnoj javnosti u vezi određivanja sadržaja i pojma ove delinkvencije. Autori su posebnu pažnju usmjerili na etiologiju, odnosno područje uzročnosti ovog fenomena u kontekstu pravilnog i adekvatnog kreiranja adekvatnih i srazmjerno potrebnih zakonskih rješenja i odgovora preventivne prirode. Blagovremeno otkrivanje i sprječavanje različitih oblika ovog pravnog i društvenog realiteta, po prirodi stvari, zahtijeva multidisciplinarni pristup proučavanja i istraživanja ovog fenomena. Takođe, u radu su inkorporirane i sociopataloške pojave koje su u neraskidivoj vezi sa različitim oblicima maloljetničke delinkvencije. Slijedom navedenog, zakonodavac je iskazao poseban senzibilitet prema ovoj specifičnoj starosnoj kategoriji koji se neposredno operacionalizira kroz prizmu primjene pretektivnog ili zaštitničkog modela i tretmana specijalizovanih organa maloljetničkog pravosuđa.
SEKSUALNO DEVIJANTNO PONAŠANJE KOD ADOLESCENATA
Authors: Kržalić Dijana , Bešker Kata , Pindžo Vildana
Published: May 2024

Tijekom adolsecencije slika pojedinca o vlastitom tijelu doživljava značajne promjene, a fizički izgled postaje jedan od temelja na kojem se gradi identitet. S druge strane, spolnost je temeljna sastavnica ljudske osobnosti, no kada se govori o adolescentnoj spolnosti, vrlo često se priča kroz prizmu rizičnostii promiskuiteta. Mladi se kroz period adolescencije susreću sa brojnim fizičkim i psihosocijalnim promjenama. Upravo te promjene utječu na formiranje seksualnog identiteta adolescenta, a koji se dodatno oblikuje s obzirom na individualne i okolinske čimbenike. Poznato je kako su mladi skloni ulaženju u razna rizična ponašanja, vole eksperimentirati, žele isprobavati svoju zrelost i autonomiju.Upravo zbog svega navedenog dolazimo do glavnog cilja ovog rada, a to je istaknuti i definirati obilježja rizičnog seksualnog ponašanja kod adolescenata koje nazivamo seksualnim devijantnim ponašanjima, kao i naglasiti uzroke i utjecaje koji dovode do seksualnih devijantnih ponašanja adolescenata. U radu ćemo staviti naglasak prvenstveno na porast rizika za nastanak i učestalost devijantnih ponašanja kod adolescenata i njihovu pozitivnu korelaciju primarno sa strukturom i dinamikom obiteljskih odnosa, a potom ćemo se osvrnuti na individualne karakteristike adolescenata, društvenu potporu i položaj u skupini vršnjaka, proksimalne i šire okolinske čimbenike. Naglašava se važnost prevencije seksualnog devijantnog ponašanja kod mladih zbog formiranja adekvatnog psihosocijalnog profila zrele odrasle osobe koja će današnji adolescent u budućnosti postati.
POVEZANOST KREATIVNOSTI U RADU I SOCIO-DEMOGRAFSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA STRUČNJAKA U CENTRIMA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD
Authors: Lazić Ljubinka
Published: May 2024

U radu su predstavljeni neobjavljeni rezultati istraživanja o kreativnosti stručnih radnika i primjeni kreativnih metoda u centrima za socijalni rad koje je provedeno krajem 2021. godine. Ovaj rad prikazuje rezultate o samoprocjeni kreativnosti stručnih radnika u centrima za socijalni rad s obzirom na socio-demografske karakteristike ispitanika. Cilj rada je utvrđivanje i analiza postojanja povezanosti između kreativnosti u radu stručnjaka zaposlenih u centrima za socijalni rad i njihovih socio-demografskih obilježja: starosna dob, dužina radnog staža i vrsta profesije. Rad sadrži podatke istraživanja koje je provedeno na uzorku od 50 stručnih radnika zaposlenih u centrima za socijalni rad. Rezultati su pokazali da su socijalni radnici profesionalci koji su u najvećem procentu istrajni u radu i koriste kreativne metode u radu u preventivnom radu. Identifikovano je opadanje upotrebe kreativnih metoda u takvom radu sa povećanjem godina starosti ispitanika, a ostali dobijeni rezultati nisu statistički značajni. Značaj ovog rada je u empirijskom istraživanju socio-demografskih karakteristika stručnih radnika u centrima za socijalni rad i aktualizovanju pitanja determinanti kreativnosti stručnih radnika i upotrebe kreativnih metoda u socijalnom radu.
UTICAJ IGRICA I MOBILNIH TELEFONA NA POJAVU POREMEĆAJA U PONAŠANJU KOD DJECE I MLADIH
Authors: Stojanović Ružica
Published: May 2024

Intenzivan razvoj digitalnih tehnologija u današnje vrijeme omogućuje laku dostupnost i široku upotrebu mobilnih telefona i igranje različitih vrsta igrica meĎu djecom i mladima. Svakodnevno smo u mogućnosti vidjeti djecu od najniţih uzrasta kako se uspješno sluţe mobilnim telefonima putem kojih dolaze do različitih sadrţaja i na kojima igraju igrice. Iako djeca i mladi putem digitalnih tehnologija mogu usvajati nova znanja, dolaziti do različitih informacija, komunicirati sa drugima i zabavljati se, postoje i negativne strane upotrebe istih. Prekomjerna i neadekvatna upotreba mobilnih telefona i igranje igrica moţe uzrokovati pojavu poremećaja u ponašanju kod djece i mladih. Izloţenost nasilnim sadrţajima na mobilnim telefonima i tokom igranja igrica moţe dovesti do pojave nasilja u stvarnom i virtuelnom svijetu. TakoĎe, upotreba digitalnih tehnologija moţe dovesti do pojave zavisnosti od interneta i mobilnih telefona, online kockanja, suicidalnog ponašanja, te drugih oblika poremećaja u ponašanju. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ukaţemo na koji način korištenje mobilnih telefona i igranje igrica mogu dovesti do pojave poremećaja u ponašanju kod djece i mladih.
POČETAK KRIMINALNE KARIJERE PENOLOŠKIH POVRATNIKA U CRNOJ GORI
Authors: Žugić Branka
Published: May 2024

Kriminalna karijera kao pojava u svijetu još uvijek nije dovoljno istraţena. Veoma je mali broj studija koje se bave istraţivanjem promjena u obrascima ponašanja počinilaca krivičnih djela tokom vremena. Ovo istraţivanje fokusirano je na samo jedan segment kriminalne karijere penoloških povratnika – na njen početak. Cilj istraţivanja je usmjeren na fenomenološki prikaz kriminalnih početaka penoloških povratnika: godine starosti kada su činili prva krivična djela, vrsta prvog krivičnog djela i sociološki faktori koji su obiljeţili kriminalne početke penoloških povratnika. Primijenjen je kvalitativno-kvantitativni metod istraţivanja i obrade podataka, na uzorku od 100 ispitanika koji su se nalazili na izdrţavanju kazne u Zatvoru za duge kazne u Podgorici. Podaci su dobijeni analizom samoiskaza zatvorenika i analizom zatvoreničkih dosijea. Prema podacima iz dosijea prosječna starost penoloških povratnika kada su prvi put počinili krivično djelo bila je 23 godine, a kao prva krivična djela najviše su činili imovinske delikte (56%). Prema samoiskazima 69% ispitanika su kao maloljetnici učinili prvo krivčno djelo za koje nijesu procesuirani, a imali su, u prosjeku, 13 godina. Najniţa starosna dob koja se u samoiskazima javlja kao početak činjenja krivičnih djela koja nijesu procesuirana je 8 godina, a najviša 18 godina. Prema samoiskazima 50.73% ispitanika koji su prijavili da su kao maloljetnici činili krivična djela, kao debitantsko krivično djelo počinili su nasilni delikt. Sociološki faktori koji su obiljeţili kriminalni početak penoloških povratnika u Crnoj Gori su: poremećaj strukture u porodici ili nasilje u porodici (51%), zloupotreba narkotika (69%), problem sa obrazovanjem (63%). Znanje o kriminalnoj karijeri je primjenjivo na širok spektar politike društvenog reagovanja, uključujući prevenciju, rehabilitaciju, ali i onesposobljavanje za kriminalno ponašanje. Analiza kontinuiranog praćenja antisocijalnog ponašanja donosi podatke zahvaljujući kojima se potencijalni počinioci krivičnih djela mogu identifikovati u ranom uzrastu. TakoĎe, shodno rezultatima dobijenim istraţivanjem početka kriminalne karijere moţe biti predloţeno mnogo načina za smanjenje obima delinkvencije.
MEDIJSKA PISMENOST KAO INSTRUMENT ZA ZAŠTITU DJECE I MALOLJETNIKA
Authors: Dedić Bukvić Emina
Published: May 2024

Djeca očekuju, ali i trebaju, posebnu paţnju društva usmjerenu ka zadovoljavanju njihovih potreba koje počivaju na Konvenciji o pravima djeteta. UN Konvencija o pravima djeteta predstavlja prvi pravno obavezujući meĎunarodni instrument s namjerom zaštite prava djeteta. Četiri temeljna principa Konvencije bave se pitanjem prava djeteta, a ogledaju se u sljedećem: najbolji interes djeteta, pravo svakog djeteta da ne bude diskriminisano, pravo svakog djeteta da se njegovo mišljenje čuje u vezi sa pitanjima koja ga se tiču, te pravo svakog djeteta na opstanak i razvoj. Uz temeljne principe Konvencije, vaţno je izdvojiti i medijska prava koja su ovom Konvencijom obezbjeĎena svakom djetetu. Bez obzira na propise, smjernice, te druge značajne meĎunarodne i nacionalne dokumente, suočeni smo sa nepotpunom primjenom Konvencije u praksi jer su zabiljeţeni brojni primjeri zanemarivanje najboljeg interesa djeteta i njegovih medijskih prava radi senzacionalizma, promocije, dezinformacija, govora mrţnje, nerealnih standarda ljepote, predstavljanja identiteta djeteta u različitim situacijama, itd. U skladu sa tim najvaţniji korak u zaštiti prava djeteta u medijskom okruţenju jeste medijsko opismenjavanje – roditelja, odgojno-obrazovnih radnika i medijskih radnika. Kao jedna od funkcionalnih pismenosti, medijska pismenost omogućava saznanja o različitim medijima, vještine analize i kritičkog razumijevanja medijskih sadrţaja, te vrednovanje tih sadrţaja i njihovog uticaja na pojedinca i na društvo. Danas je značajno po(d)učiti roditelje, odgojno- obrazovne radnike i druge stručnjake da kritički čitaju i interpretiraju medijske poruke kako bi kod djece i mladih mogli podrţati razvoj otvorenog, aktivnog i kritičkog stava prema medijima i medijskim sadrţajima. Jačanje medijske pismenosti sluţi za samoosnaţivanje profesionalnog poloţaja i prepoznavanje vlastite društvene vaţnosti i odgovornosti. Uz to, medijskim opismenjavanjem odrasli prepoznaju modalitete kontrolisanja vlastitih, ali i medijskih navika djece i mladih. Medijsko opismenjavanje i medijski odgoj predstavljaju obrazovni imperativ savremenog društva, kao i pretpostavku za kvalitetni inkluzivni odgojno-obrazovni pristup djeci i mladima.
UTICAJ MEDIJA NA PONAŠANJE DJECE ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Barjaktarović Marija
Published: May 2024

Svijet u kome ţivimo ubrzano se mijenja. Porodica, kao osnovna jedinica društva, i škola, ključna vaspitno-obrazovna institucija, gube primat u formiranju i vaspitanju djeteta, a njihovu ulogu sve više preuzimaju mediji. Oni utiču na svakodnevni ţivot, na formiranje stavova, razmišljanje, imidţ, norme ponašanja, kao i na sam identitet. Mnoga istraţivanja govore da su djeca najpodloţnija uticaju medija, a stiče se utisak da, i pored svih saznanja, nikad više nisu bila izloţena njihovom uticaju. Nastavnici danas primjećuju veliku promjenu kod učenika u odnosu na vrijeme prije pojave pandemije korona virusa. IzvoĎenje nastave na daljinu i povećano korišćenje tehnike je razvilo mnoge vještine koje djeca školskog uzrasta ranije nisu posjedovala, ali je i doprinijelo većoj izloţenosti medijskom uticaju. Suprotno očekivanjima, izolovanost učenika tokom trajanja pandemije nije smanjila agresivnost meĎu njima. Postavlja se pitanje da li su mediji uticali na povećanu verbalnu i fizičku agresivnost djece školskog uzrasta i da li mogu pozitivno uticati na njihovo vaspitanje i obrazovanje. U radu će biti riječi o značaju medija i njihovom uticaju na razvoj i cjelokupno ponašanje djece školskog uzrasta.
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Io moths and relatives (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Automeris)
Authors: Skojec Chelsea , Earl Chandra , Couch Christian D. , Masonick Paul , Kawahara Akito Y.
Published: May 2024

The saturniid moth genus Automeris includes 145 described species. Their geographic distribution ranges from the eastern half of North America to as far south as Peru. Automeris moths are cryptically colored, with forewings that resemble dead leaves, and conspicuously colored, elaborate eyespots hidden on their hindwings. Despite their charismatic nature, the evolutionary history and relationships within Automeris and between closely related genera, remain poorly understood. In this study, we present the most comprehensive phylogeny of Automeris to date, including 80 of the 145 described species. We also incorporate two morphologically similar hemileucine genera, Pseudautomeris and Leucanella, as well as a morphologically distinct genus, Molippa. We obtained DNA data from both dry-pinned and ethanol-stored museum specimens and conducted Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) sequencing to assemble a high-quality dataset for phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny supports Automeris as a paraphyletic genus, with Leucanella and Pseudautomeris nested within, with the most recent common ancestor dating back to 21 mya. This study lays the foundation for future research on various aspects of Automeris biology, including geographical distribution patterns, potential drivers of speciation, and ecological adaptations such as antipredator defense mechanisms.
Crizotinib inhibits the metabolism of tramadol by non-competitive suppressing the activities of CYP2D1 and CYP3A2
Authors: Gao Nanyong , Xu Xiaoyu , Ye Feng , Li Xin-yue , Lin Chengqi , Shen Xiu-wei , Qian Jianchang
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To investigate the interaction between tramadol and representative tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and to study the inhibition mode of drug-interaction.

Methods

Liver microsomal catalyzing assay was developed. Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated tramadol with or without selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Samples were prepared and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for analysis. Besides, liver, kidney, and small intestine were collected and morphology was examined by hematoxyline-eosin (H&E) staining. Meanwhile, liver microsomes were prepared and carbon monoxide differential ultraviolet radiation (UV) spectrophotometric quantification was performed.

Results

Among the screened inhibitors, crizotinib takes the highest potency in suppressing the metabolism of tramadol in rat/human liver microsome, following non-competitive inhibitory mechanism. In vivo, when crizotinib was co-administered, the AUC value of tramadol increased compared with the control group. Besides, no obvious pathological changes were observed, including cell morphology, size, arrangement, nuclear morphology with the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) increased after multiple administration of crizotinib. Meanwhile, the activities of CYP2D1 and CYP3A2 as well as the total cytochrome P450 abundance were found to be decreased in rat liver of combinational group.

Conclusions

Crizotinib can inhibit the metabolism of tramadol. Therefore, this recipe should be vigilant to prevent adverse reactions.
Ayurvedic Management of Mansik Avasaad (Depressive Disorder): A Case Report
Authors: Gautam Annya , Jain Madhvi , Ade Vinod , Parwe Shweta
Published: May 2024

Depression is a significant mental health issue that will impact most people’s lives in one way or another. It can diminish someone’s quality of life and have a negative impact on their ability to work and maintain relationships. The worst case scenario for severe depression is suicide. There still exists a societal stigma around depression due to its prevalence, suffering, dysfunction, morbidity, and financial burden. Currently, 80% of individuals with depression are not receiving any treatment. Historical ayurvedic literature sporadically mentions depression as both an illness (manasika vyadhi) and an emotional state. The purpose of the study was to assess the comprehensive Ayurvedic management strategy for depressive disorder. Here the authors discusses a case that involves a 23-year-old male patient presenting with chief complaints of poor concentration, weight loss, and social withdrawal. He was treated using ayurvedic principles such as Sarvang Snehan, Baspa Sweda, Shirodhara, and Shamana Chikitsa. After 15 days, the patient’s symptoms were re-assessed, resulting in a satisfactory outcome and an overall improvement in his life. The combination of snehan, swedana, shirodhara, and Shaman chikitsa significantly facilitated the management of depression.
Evaluating the progress of alcohol policies in Burundi against the WHO ‘best buy’ interventions: implications for public health.
Authors: Haragirimana Egide , Mitchell Gemma , Uny Isabelle
Published: May 2024

Introduction:  Alcohol use is a major global health risk, with Global South countries experiencing greater harm per litre of alcohol consumed than those in the Global North. In Burundi, a country with a low-income economy, 16.6% of people aged 15 and above binge drink, and over 30% of women drink during pregnancy. This paper examines current alcohol policies in Burundi, how well they match the WHO ‘best buy’ policy options, and stakeholder views on their implementation.
 
Methods:  We searched for policy documents via online searches, visits to government offices, and snowball sampling from contact with key stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten stakeholders. The WHO-European Action Plan to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (EAPA) tool was used to analyse the extent to which Burundi has adopted recommended policy standards. Interviews were thematically analysed using NVivo software.
 
Results: Only nine of the 34 WHO-EAPA indicators are addressed, seven out of 34 indicators are mentioned with no clear actions, and 18 are not addressed in the eight policy documents that met our inclusion criteria. The large proportion of indicators absent from Burundi policy relate to availability, pricing and taxation, drinking-driving, taxation, and marketing. An absence of legislation to support existing policies, industry interference, corruption, and cultural norms around alcohol were identified as key barriers to implementation.
 
Conclusions: Burundi should enact laws to support existing policies and design regulations targeting marketing and advertising. Government and civil society coalitions should report and address any alcohol industry influence in policymaking and implementation.
Comparative Impact of Formal and Informal Microcredits on Poverty Alleviation in the Haor Region of Bangladesh: A Socioeconomic Analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Islam Sabina , Ornob Md. Shafayet Shahed
Published: May 2024

The study aims to make a comparative study of microcredits (formal and informal) in terms of interest rate, instalment types, payment, volume, purposes, users and impact on poverty alleviation in the economic lagging area of Bangladesh. In conducting the study, we used clusters sampling technique while the study area was divided into 23 clusters and size of respondents were determined using systematic probability proportionate to size and the UNICEF pencil-spin method was used to select the households randomly and finally a total 2340 households were surveyed with a semi-structured questionnaire where 780 households were treatment group who were not users of microcredit but eligible. The collected data were analyzed using a Z-test and factor analysis                    mainly. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between formal and informal credits in respect of interest rate, cost, instalments, number, volume, duration, and collateral.                     The borrowers preferred informal sources over formal sources and the study suggested redesigning the formal sources considering the socioeconomic condition of the Haor people. The study         originally identified the socioeconomic characteristics of both formal and informal microcredits in Bangladesh. The study will directly help to achieve SDG-1(no poverty) and SDG -17(sustainable finance).
Cognition of Pre-service Mathematics Teachers about the Usage of PowerPoint (PPT) in Mathematics Teaching in China
Authors: Li Renhan , Yang Zezhong
Published: May 2024

Under the background of the information age, information technology has gradually been widely used in mathematics classroom teaching, and how to use PowerPoint (hereinafter referred to as PPT) in mathematics teaching has received great attention. At present, many scholars have carried out research in this aspect, but there is no research on the cognition of pre-service mathematics teachers about the usage of PPT in mathematics teaching. This paper adopts open interview to investigate 32 pre-service mathematics teachers in China. It was found that: (1) Current pre-service teachers' view the value of PPT mainly for teaching and knowledge presentation. On how to make better use of PPT, the pre-service teachers mainly use PPT for presentation. (2) The pre-service teachers do not have a comprehensive understanding of using PPT for mathematics teaching. Although the dimensions they pay attention to are consistent with previous studies, there are still many aspects that they do not know. (3) The pre-service teachers do not have a deep understanding of the usage of PPT in mathematics teaching, and there are many contradictory views in different dimensions. Based on the findings, the following suggestions are given: (1) Teacher educators should systematically teach them how to operate PPT and assign them a series of tasks to enhance their ability of information resource mining and integration and improve their understanding of PPT. (2) Teacher educators should show the different effects of PPT on pre-service teachers, and lead them to explore the techniques and principles to achieve these effects. This will enable them think about the integration measures of PPT and mathematics teaching, to improve their ability of independent learning and development. (3) Educators should increase practical training and provide more opportunities for pre-service teachers to use PPT in mathematics teaching, to let them feel the value of PPT in practice and explore the best time to use PPT, and finally enable them to master the method of using PPT in mathematics teaching.
Optimizing Guava Crop Yield and Quality through Various Regulation Methods
Authors: Rani Kumari Vibha , Kumar Manoj , Umesh Umesh Narayan , Sinha Jyoti , Kumari Seema
Published: May 2024

Guava is an important fruit crop grown in subtropical region of India. It belongs to family Myrtaceae. The demand for this fruit is increasing day by day due to its good nutritional value and its different processed products. It is also known as poor man’s apple. An on-farm trial was conducted in guava orchards of different farmers field in different villages of Nalanda district during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 consecutively. The main objective of this trail is to force the tree for rest during undesirable season crop and shift that crop to desirable season with quality fruit by regulating the crop. The main theme of this is to enhance yield and quality of fruit by suppressing rainy season crop and promoting winter season crop by pruning or spray of 10 percent urea as compared to farmer’s practice. The practice of farmers is usually taking major crop in rainy season fruit with poor quality, insipid taste with poor shelf life in most part of the Bihar. For crop regulation different methods such as withholding irrigation, pruning of current season shoots in different ways, spraying of different chemicals is used according to different agro climatic regions. In our trial we have done 50 percent pruning of current season shoots in the month of April in ten trees and spray of 10 percent urea solution on ten trees at the time of blossoming at different locations. We got the best result in pruning of 50 percent current season shoot with 27.69 kg/plant yield with 11.40  Brix T.S.S during 2020-2021 and 28.06 kg/plant with 11.60 Brix T.S.S during 2021-2022.The best treatment is pruning of 50 percent current season shoots in the month of April is best for getting higher yield and getting maximum quality fruit for guava grower . Although the T.S.S. of fruits harvested in case of urea spray during winter season is at par with pruning of current season shoot.
Evaluation of the Anti-virulent Potentials of Ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and Garlic (Allium sativum) on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa
Authors: V. K. Robinson, , S. O. Minimah , M. K. Ifegwu , C. E. Akinido
Published: May 2024

The degree of a pathogen to cause infection is termed virulence. Anti-virulence substances are substances that could inhibit the expression of virulence by these pathogens thereby limiting the degree of diseases caused. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-virulence of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with clinical specimens were collected from the Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University. The extracts of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum were prepared using standard method. The virulence considered included lecithinase, biofilm formation, coagulase, swarming, haemolysis and pyocyanin. Thus, the inhibition of this virulence as well as curring the isolates was carried out using standard method. Results showed that 30, 10, 20 and 20% of the S. aureus isolates were inhibited by the ginger extract from producing haemolysis, biofilm, coagulase and lecithinase, respectively. While 10%, 20%, 10% and 30% of the isolates were inhibited after treatment with garlic extract. For P. aeruginosa, 20%, 30%, 40%, 20% and 40% were inhibited by ginger extract from producing haemolysin, biofilm, lecithinase, pyocyanin and swarming, respectively. The susceptibility tests after curring with the extracts and acridine orange showed that both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were susceptible to some of the antibiotics they resisted before. The spices having shown anti-virulence properties against these pathogens, they could be evaluated for better options in the fight against bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.
Cellular Ceramics in Combustion Environments
Authors: Füssel Alexander , Böttge Daniela , Adler Jörg , Marschallek Felix , Michaelis Alexander
Published: July 2011

Cellular materials have become increasingly interesting for applications in combustion environments. Improvements like high power efficiency and low emissions are the main targets of technological development in combustion processes. However, despite scientific and technical success in developing new or improved burner concepts over recent years, a lot of problems remain to be solved in the field of materials science: due to the high power density of the burners the materials are subjected to high loads in terms of thermal shock, temperature and corrosion, especially in so‐called porous burner technology. This article shows some examples of research and development strategies and results in developing improved cellular ceramics.
New Approach for the Application of Functional Ceramic Material in Carbon Bonded Doloma Refractories to Reduce Emissions
Authors: Stein Volker , Aneziris Christos G. , Guéguen Erwan
Published: July 2011

Doloma carbon bricks with graphite contents of approximately 2 wt% are widely used in the production of stainless steels in argon oxygen decarburisation (AOD) or in vacuum oxygen decarburisation (VOD) vessels as lining material. The application of doloma refractories is connected with metallurgical benefits such as high oxidic stability of its oxides, and the ability to bond sulphur from the hot metal. The production and application of carbon bonded refractories is linked with environmental harmful emissions in the broadest sense. Amongst the aspect of environmental friendly refractory systems this work has observed and shown the interaction of functional ceramic material TiO2 with the organic binder system. In the centre of this work is the aspect of increased residual carbon content of the binder resin due to TiO2 addition. The increased residual carbon content of the binder resin connected with improved mechanical, physical and thermomechanical properties due to sub‐micro scaled TiO2 addition offers the feasibility to reduce the total carbon content without downgrading the brick properties. This aspect has not been observed yet and is of high interest with respect to reduced emissions and environmental friendly refractories. Previous works have investigated the influence of TiO2 on other carbon bonded refractory systems such as alumina carbon and magnesia carbon. As illustrated in this work and previous work, TiO2 is working completely different in the Doloma Carbon system from other systems.
Martensitic Phase Transformation in TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Honeycomb Composite Materials on Mechanical Load
Authors: Weigelt Christian , Aneziris Christos G. , Berek Harry , Ehinger David , Martin Ulrich
Published: July 2011

Composite materials have been in focus of scientific studies since decades. Metal‐matrix composites have received extensive attention in the last years. The combination of a metastable austenitic TRIP‐steel with magnesia partially stabilized zirconia is presented in this study. The stress induced martensitic phase transformation in both components leads to advantageous mechanical behavior. Raised compression strength as well as increased specific energy absorption on plastic deformation offers a range of structural and crash‐absorption applications. Samples with zirconia additions are reinforced by volume increase during tetragonal‐monoclinic phase transformation at compressive strains below 35%. The microstructure and phase evolution of partially stabilized zirconia as well as steel has been investigated by EBSD with purpose to correlate mechanical properties with phase evolution.
Molecular model of human heparanase with proposed binding mode of a heparan sulfate oligosaccharide and catalytic amino acids
Authors: Sapay Nicolas , Cabannes Éric , Petitou Maurice , Imberty Anne
Published: July 2011

Heparan sulfate is abundantly present in the extracellular matrix. As other glycosaminoglycans, it is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and then exposed on the cell surface. The glucuronidase activity of human heparanase plays a major role in the structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which underlies cell migration, hence tumor invasion. Heparanase is therefore a major target for anti‐cancer treatment. Several inhibitors of its enzymatic activity have been synthesized. However, their design is limited by the absence of experimental structure of the protein. Homology modeling is proposed based on the structure of the endoxylanase from Penicillium simplicissimum co‐crystallized with a series of xylan oligosaccharide. The new heparanase model is consistent with the few experimental data suited for the validation of such work. Furthermore, the presence of natural substrates in the template structure allowed us to propose a binding model for a hydrolyzed heparin sulfate pentasaccharide. Several lysine residues have been identified to play a key role in binding to the anionic polysaccharide substrate. In addition, two phenylalanine residues are also potentially important for the interaction with the substrate. The enzymatic mechanism investigated in the light of this new model allows for the proposal of several amino acids that can influence the protonation state of the nucleophile and the proton donor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 21–34, 2012.
An easy and effective demonstration of enzyme stereospecificity and equilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Herdman Chelsea , Dickman Michael
Published: July 2011

Enzyme stereospecificity and equilibrium thermodynamics can be demonstrated using the coupling of two amino acid derivatives by Thermoase C160. This protease will catalyze peptide bond formation between Z‐L‐AspOH and L‐PheOMe to form the Aspartame precursor Z‐L‐Asp‐L‐PheOMe. Reaction completion manifests itself by precipitation of the product. As the product has almost zero solubility, the equilibrium favors condensation and thus a normally hydrolytic enzyme catalyzes the opposite reaction. Neither Z‐D‐AspOH with L‐PheOMe nor Z‐L‐AspOH with D‐PheOMe produces any visible product. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2011
The use of gadolinium in patients with contrast allergy or renal failure requiring coronary angiography, coronary intervention, or vascular procedure
Authors: Saleh Layth , Juneman Elizabeth , Reza Movahed Mohammad
Published: July 2011

Coronary artery angiography remains an important procedure for the assessment of coronary arteries. It requires injection of iodinated contrast for the opacification of coronary arteries. Severe allergy to iodine contrast and renal insufficiency are two main problems with iodine‐based contrast media. Gadolinium (Gd) has different chemical structure with no cross reactivity with iodine‐based contrast media in patients with iodine allergy. The use of Gd is commonly used in contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for image enhancement, making it a potential alternative in patients in whom iodine is contraindicated. The aim of this manuscript is to review the available literature on the use of Gd in patients with contraindication to iodine contrast due to allergy or in patients with severe renal failure requiring coronary or vascular procedures. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial artery perforation after coronary intervention: Is there a role for covered coronary stent?
Authors: Al‐Sekaiti Rashid , Ali Mehar , Sallam Mansour
Published: July 2011

We report a case of right radial artery perforation observed after successful stenting of left anterior descending artery through right radial access. This was noticed immediately after completion of the procedure, when the patient described right forearm pain and we noticed swelling of the right forearm. She was treated by a prolonged guiding catheter positioning proximal to the perforated segment, external compression by sphygmomanometer cuff followed by prolonged balloon inflation across the perforation. All these measures failed to stop the bleeding. Complete reconstruction of the perforation was achieved by PTFE covered coronary stent. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be managed utilizing this approach. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous closure of a large iatrogenic fistula between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary vein in a child
Authors: Saliba Zakhia , El‐Rassi Issam , Smayra Tarek
Published: July 2011

We hereby describe a complex late postoperative veno‐venous fistula in a child, successfully treated by an interventional percutaneous procedure. It is a unique complication of diaphragmatic hernia surgery that has never been reported before: a late postoperative iatrogenic fistula, between the inferior vena cava and the right lower pulmonary vein, discovered in a 6‐year‐old boy operated at the age of 4 months for a right diaphragmatic hernia. The right to left shunt was completely and uneventfully suppressed by a percutaneous procedure separating the systemic venous return from the pulmonary venous return with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intentionally induced swirling flow may improve the hemodynamic performance of coronary bifurcation stenting
Authors: Sun Anqiang , Fan Yubo , Deng Xiaoyan
Published: July 2011

Objectives and Background: Bifurcation stenting represents a challenge for the high rate of restenosis that has close correlations with local hemodynamics. This study sought to test the hypothesis that by intentionally inducing swirling flow the hemodynamic performance of bifurcation stenting can be improved. Methods: The hemodynamics of bifurcation stenting with and without swirling flows were numerically simulated and compared. Results: The results revealed that swirling flow significantly suppressed flow disturbance of blood at the bifurcation and WSS at two critical regions, the outer wall of the bifurcation ostium and the floor wall opposite the branching, was enhanced. Conclusions: This study therefore suggests that intentionally inducing swirling flow might be a good strategy in bifurcation stenting. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tale of two pressures: A case of pseudo‐prosthetic mitral valve stenosis
Authors: Bokhari Syed S.I. , O'Neill William W. , Cohen Mauricio G.
Published: July 2011

We present a case of an 83‐year‐old female with past medical history of rheumatic fever associated mitral stenosis for which she underwent mitral commissurotomy 25 years prior to presentation. Subsequently, she underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement with a bio‐prosthetic valve 8 years prior to presentation. Presently, she started experiencing worsening dyspnea and heart failure symptoms. Echocardiography showed mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with severe aortic stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. The bioprosthetic mitral valve was functioning normally. We performed right and left heart catheterization for evaluation. Peak aortic gradient was 50 mm Hg with a mean gradient of 39 mm Hg. Aortic valve area was calculated to be 0.31 cm2. However, simultaneous measurement of left ventricular and wedge pressures showed a significant gradient of 11 mm Hg across the mitral valve with a calculated mitral valve area of 0.4 cm2. Because of discordant information between echocardiographic and hemodynamic data, we proceeded with trans‐septal puncture to directly measure left atrial pressures. Simultaneous left atrial and left ventricular pressure measurement demonstrated a mean gradient of 4 mm Hg across the mitral valve with an area calculated at 1.9 cm2. We review the tracings in detail and discuss the pitfalls of using pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as a surrogate for left atrial pressure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total Syntheses of Bryostatins: Synthesis of Two Ring‐Expanded Bryostatin Analogues and the Development of a New‐Generation Strategy to Access the C7–C27 Fragment
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Yang Hanbiao , Dong Guangbin
Published: July 2011

Herein, we report the synthesis of novel ring‐expanded bryostatin analogues. By carefully modifying the substrate, a selective and high‐yielding Ru‐catalyzed tandem enyne coupling/Michael addition was employed to construct the northern fragment. Ring‐closing metathesis was utilized to form the 31‐membered ring macrocycle of the analogue. These ring‐expanded bryostatin analogues possess anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. Given the difficulty in forming the C16–C17 olefin at a late stage, we also describe our development of a new‐generation strategy to access the C7–C27 fragment, containing both the ring B and C subunits.
On the fragmentation of a torus by random walk
Authors: Teixeira Augusto , Windisch David
Published: July 2011

We consider a simple random walk on a discrete torus \input amssym $({\Bbb Z}/N{\Bbb Z})^d$ with dimension d ≥ 3 and large side length N. For a fixed constant u ≥ 0, we study the percolative properties of the vacant set, consisting of the set of vertices not visited by the random walk in its first [uNd] steps. We prove the existence of two distinct phases of the vacant set in the following sense: If u > 0 is chosen large enough, all components of the vacant set contain no more than (log N)λ(u) vertices with high probability as N tends to infinity. On the other hand, for small u > 0, there exists a macroscopic component of the vacant set occupying a nondegenerate fraction of the total volume Nd. In dimensions d ≥ 5, we additionally prove that this macroscopic component is unique by showing that all other components have volumes of order at most (log N)λ(u). Our results thus solve open problems posed by Benjamini and Sznitman, who studied the small u regime in high dimension. The proofs are based on a coupling of the random walk with random interlacements on \input amssym ${\Bbb Z}^d$. Among other techniques, the construction of this coupling employs a refined use of discrete potential theory. By itself, this coupling strengthens a result by Windisch. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The phase discharge and luminescence area characteristics of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 as a cathode
Authors: Ichibakase Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2011

La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 was used as a cathode for the first time when a plasma display panel was used on a handheld personal computer. It has favorable sputtering resistance characteristics and stable discharge characteristics in gases. A cathode made of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 has unique electrical characteristics in early phase discharge voltage and luminescence characteristics. The discharge voltage and luminance continue to decrease from the starting value. The discharge and luminescence area shift of the La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 were investigated by analysis of a DC plasma panel fabricated as a prototype. It is assumed that the shift in the discharge voltage and luminance are caused by a shift in the discharge and luminance area of the cathode surface, and that the shift of the current density is caused by the surface profile of the cathode particles. In order to elucidate this mechanism, a spherical model was applied to the discharge voltage shift, and the shift of the discharge voltage and luminance was simulated by applying this model to the measured values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(8): 12–18, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10353
Contributions of streamflow variability, concentration–discharge shifts and forested wetlands to terrestrial–aquatic solute export in Precambrian Shield headwater catchments
Authors: Richardson Murray C.
Published: July 2011

Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial watershed compartments are an important source of short‐ and long‐term physico‐chemical dynamics in Precambrian Shield headwater lakes. In this study, a residual analysis of concentration discharge models based on the composite method of stream solute flux estimation was conducted to quantify two key factors contributing to terrestrial–aquatic export of sulphate (SO42−), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), hydronium ion (H+) and colour for ten Precambrian Shield catchments in three lake basins: (1) advective transport capacity, as influenced by variations in runoff, and (2) the terrestrial supply of mobilizable solute, as influenced by terrestrial biogeochemical cycling and associated controlling variables. Overall, annual fluxes associated with mechanism (2) were approximately equal to those associated with mechanism (1) in driving inter‐annual deviations from long‐term mean annual solute export. There was considerable variation in the relative contributions of these mechanisms among solutes and watersheds, and % wetland area could not explain these differences. However, mean annual terrestrial‐aquatic fluxes of DOC and colour were highly correlated with % wetland area, as were inter‐annual variations in mean annual flux. The corresponding relationships between H+ and % wetland area were moderate but also significant. Annual fluxes SO42− were negatively associated with wetlands but there was no relationship between inter‐annual variations in mean annual SO42− flux and % wetland area. The contribution of forested wetlands to annual flux variability for DOC, colour and H+ was primarily driven by inter‐annual differences in runoff and associated mobilization of large solute pools within these critical source areas of organic carbon and acidity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary Heusler Compounds without Inversion Symmetry: CoFe1+xTi1–xAl and CoMn1+xV1–xAl
Authors: Basit Lubna , Fecher Gerhard H. , Chadov Stanislav , Balke Benjamin , Felser Claudia
Published: July 2011

We report the quaternary Heusler compound derivatives CoFe1+xTi1–xAl and CoMn1+xV1–xAl, which do not have centers of inversion. Classical T2T′M (T, T′ = transition metal, M = main group element) Heusler compounds (prototype: Cu2MnAl) crystallize in the L21 structure, space group Fm$\bar {3}$m (225) that exhibits a center of inversion. Replacing one of the T2 atoms by another transition element (T″) results in a quaternary TT′T″M compound with F$\bar {4}$3m symmetry (Y; structure type LiMgPdSn) without center of inversion. In the case of “quasi closed shell” compounds with 24 valence electrons in the primitive cell, one expects the absence of ferromagnetism according to the Slater–Pauling rule. Increasing the number of valence electrons will allow a study of the onset of the magnetic ground state. In this work, CoFeTiAl and isovalent CoMnVAl as well as the accompanying solid solutions CoFe1+xTi1–xAl and CoMn1+xV1–xAl were synthesized and their structure and magnetic properties investigated. CoMn1+xV1–xAl (x > 0) is a half‐metallic ferrimagnet in which the magnetic ground state is controlled by the strong localized moment at the Mn atoms replacing V.
Recent Exploitation of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Polypyridine Complexes as Biomolecular and Cellular Probes
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Li Steve Po‐Yam
Published: July 2011

The interesting emission properties of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes have been exploited in the development of various sensors and probes for analytes. Luminescent probes targeting biomolecules have also been developed. Additionally, there has been a fast‐growing interest in the cellular uptake properties of these complexes with a focus on their potential as cellular imaging reagents. In this Microreview, we describe the fundamental emission characteristics of luminescent rhenium(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes and explain why they hold promise for use as luminescent sensors. Additionally, we summarize the recent design of these complexes as biomolecular and cellular probes, with an emphasis on studies of their structure–property relationships, bioconjugation, biomolecular binding, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and bioimaging applications.
Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Michael Addition of Various Thiols to α,β‐UnsaturatedN‐Acylated Oxazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Dai Le , Yang Hongjun , Chen Fener
Published: July 2011

A highly enantioselective sulfa‐Michael addition (SMA) of various thiols to α,β‐unsaturatedN‐acylated oxazolidinones has been achieved with a chiral squaramide catalyst under very mild reaction conditions. In addition, the conversion of the β‐thio‐substituted adduct to the corresponding methyl β‐tosylbutanoate was demonstrated in high yield through a methanolysis/oxidation sequence.