bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reminiscences From an Oil Patch Veteran
Authors: Bateman Richard
Published: February 2015

My first contact with SPE came almost 40 years ago. My supervisor gave me a form to fill out and told me that I was joining SPE and that there would be a lunch meeting in about half an hour at a local steakhouse. People didn't waste time back then. I cannot for the life of me remember who gave the talk or what the subject matter was, but I do remember that the steaks were delicious. I was immediately captivated with what SPE had to offer; surely the way to an engineer's heart is through his digestive tract.

It never occurred to me to ask when SPE had its start. It just seemed like so many other things in the oil patch, to have been there forever. But, in fact, the society was still then in its infancy; the SPE membership number I was given was 9878.

As time went by and the limits to my expense account grew, so, too, did my contacts with SPE. Soon I began to participate in the Annual Technical Conference and Exhibitions (ATCEs). Thereafter followed paper submissions, local section committee involvement, and relations with SPE Presidents. It is interesting that one President hired me, another gave me career advice and, as a result, I resigned from the company the first one had hired me to work with. Later, history repeated itself and another SPE President hired me, and there are yet two more who still correspond with me. They must get lonely, I figure.

Some of my SPE-related activities were memorable, others better forgotten. Giving a talk with a 35-mm slide show to the Cairo chapter in the 1970s during a power outage was, let us say, challenging. Manning a booth at the height of the boom in the early 1980s was hair-raising. Being a local section program chairman in Latin America in the 1990s exposed me to the vicissitudes of international travel and attendant language barriers. Witnessing recent ATCE ceremonies in the new millennium that are raised to the level of the Oscars has been nothing short of breathtaking.

The Benefits of Travel

Apart from these yearly gatherings, our society is well known for the multitude of learned papers that are written and presented by their authors in JPT (and sister publications) and at SPE conferences all over the globe. In the case of an international conference, the author gains a free trip to some exotic spot, his employer gains recognition as a good oil patch citizen (encouraging innovation), and the organizers of the conference manage to fill another 20-minute slot in their timetable. Indeed, if one put one's mind to it, one could spend the entire year globe-trotting, trying to keep up with the innumerable conferences, symposia, forums, and the like that are promoted in the name of science and technology and also, dare I say, excuses for getting the lads together for a beer bust in great cities dot-ted round the globe.
Comments (November 2002)
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: February 2015

Editor's column - No abstract available.
New Landing String Technology Developed for Aggressive Wells
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: February 2015

Technology Update - Information provided by Neil A. Brown, Expro North Sea Ltd., and Lorents Reinas, Statoil.
Overview: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2002)
Authors: Carter Thomas
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Toward Zero-Fluid-Loss Oil-Based Muds
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 77446, "Towards Zero-Fluid-Loss Oil-Based Muds," by M. Aston, SPE, P. Mihalik, SPE, and J. Tunbridge, BP Exploration, and S. Clark, BP Institute Cambridge, originally presented at the 2002 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 29 September-2 October.
Reservoir Characterization Using a Web-Based Technical Workflow Manager
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 77673, "Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Simulation for Reservoir Management Using a Web-Based Collaborative Technical Workflow Manager," by H.Z. Meng, SPE, K.S. Godbey, J.R. Gilman, SPE, and M.J. Uland, SPE, iReservoir.com Inc., originally presented at the 2002 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,San Antonio, Texas, 29 September-2 October.
Extended-Reach Stimulation With Coiled Tubing: A Case Study
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 84162, "Extended-Reach Stimulation with Coiled Tubing: A Case Study," by Kori Patrick, SPE, BJ Services, and Mark Hornett, SPE, and Joe Foose, Burlington Resources, prepared for the 2003 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-8 October.
Optimized Drill-In Fluid for an Openhole Gravel-Pack Completion
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 82279, "Optimized Drill-In Fluid Leads to Successful Openhole Gravel-Pack Completion Installation in Unconsolidated Reservoirs - Case History," by S. Cobianco, SPE, Enitecnologie, and E. Pitoni, SPE, P.N. Ricci, and M. Galli, Eni E&P Div., prepared for the 2003 SPE European Formation Damage Conference, The Hague, 13-14 May.
Overview: Knowledge Management (November 2003)
Authors: Xiong Hongjie
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Gas Lift Automation: Real-Time Data to Desktop
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 84166, "Gas Lift Automation: Real-Time Data to Desktop for Optimizing an Offshore GOM Platform," by Donald Reeves, SPE, Ronald Harvey Jr., and Troy Smith, SPE, BP plc, prepared for the 2003 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-8 October.
Technology Focus: Gas Production Technology (November 2009)
Authors: Wilson Scott J.
Published: February 2015

Technology Focus

Beginning in the first half of 2009, the number of horizontal wells drilled in North America exceeded the number of vertical wells drilled. As of 25 September 2009, 64% of all wells drilled in North America are drilling for gas objectives, while 22% of international rigs are drilling for gas. Underlying those trends is a dramatic drop in total rig counts—from a 1981 peak near 6,000 to approximately 2,000 now.* The fall in vertical-well count was sharp, while multifrac shale-gas horizontal-well count remained steady. We now have fewer wells coming on line, but those that are have more-complex completions, so it is time to refocus priorities.

In my editorial last year, I postulated that the recent increase in high-technology applications was caused by increasing prices as well as R&D. Now that North American gas prices have fallen, many previously hot plays are struggling to be profitable, perhaps proving my hypothesis. Do these new technologies really need a USD 7/Mscf gas price to maintain their viability? I sincerely hope not.

One morning, I woke to an SAP advertisement taped to my mirror that read: "Today was a good day; I found a whole new area of waste and inefficiency." A small note was signed: "This reminded me of you. Love, your wife." Hoping she was not refer-ring to me as the area of waste and inefficiency, I admitted that most engineers relish the opportunity to streamline a process or optimize an existing asset. During the most recent boom, we have managed more rigs, inherited more marginal wells, and filed more permits as our ability to do normal surveillance fell behind. Acquiring a new customer takes 10 times the effort that it takes to keep a current one. Our best opportunities lie within our current assets.

This month's papers highlight problem-well management. Included are discussions of near-wellbore salt precipitation caused by connate-water dehydration and of liquid-loading rate as more than a 1D phenomenon, along with a case study on a downhole turbocompressor. I am hopeful that these highlights will inspire you to find ways to keep new technologies viable at lower prices. If you do, you definitely will have a good day.

*Baker Hughes Rig Counts: http://investor.shareholder.com/common/download/download.cfm?companyid=BHI&fileid=321173&filekey=77DA6DFE-44BD-4437-BD28-79852E23F097&filename=US_Rig_Report_092509.xls.

Downloaded 28 September 2009.

Gas Production Technology additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org

SPE 124977 • "Development of a Successful Chemical Treatment for Gas Wells With Water- and Condensate-Blocking Damage" by Vishal Bang, SPE, ConocoPhillips, et al.

SPE 115567 • "Prediction of Onset and Dynamic Behavior of Liquid-Loading Gas Wells" by S.P.C. Belfroid, SPE, TNO Science and Industry, et al.

SPE 122135 • "Skin-Free Production Through a New Gravel-Pack Completion for Gas" by Andreas Trieb, SPE, OMV A.G. EP, et al.
Navigating the Roiling International Waters
Authors: Stanislaw Joseph A.
Published: February 2015

Guest editorial - No abstract available.
Managing Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Assets
Authors: Manning Melissa A. , Trammel Stephen , Harris Thomas G.
Published: February 2015

Management - No abstract available.
Overview: Bit Technology (December 2002)
Authors: Curry David
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Low-Friction Coating Reduces PDC Bit Balling
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 74514, "Innovative Low-Friction Coating Reduces PDC Balling and Doubles ROP Drilling Shales with WBM," by M. Rujhan Mat, SPE, and Mohd Zulkifi Bin Zakaria, SPE, Petronas Carigali, and Steve Radford, SPE, and Darren Eckstrom, SPE, Hughes Christensen, originally presented at the 2002 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, Dallas, 26-28 February.
Overview: Reservoir/Asset Management (December 2002)
Authors: Penney Richard
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
Downhole Fiber-Optic Multiphase Flowmeter
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 77655, "Downhole Fiber-Optic Multiphase Flowmeter: Design, Operating Principle, and Testing," by Tor K. Kragas, SPE, F.X. Bostick III, SPE, and Christopher Mayeu, Weatherford Completion Systems; Daniel L. Gysling, SPE, CiDRA Corp.; and Alex van der Spek, Shell Intl. E&P B.V., originally presented at the 2002 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas,29 September-2 October.
How to Think About Networking
Authors: Srinivasan Sundaram "Sundy"
Published: February 2015

Management - No abstract available.
Application of Multiphase Pumps in a Remote Abu Dhabi Oilfield
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 81504, "Application of Multiphase Pumps in a Remote Oil Field Onshore Abu Dhabi," by Hisham Saadawi, SPE, and Sharif Al Olama, Abu Dhabi Co. for Onshore Oil Operations, prepared for the 2003 Middle East Oil Show, Bahrain, 9-12 June.
Reliability Management of Deepwater Subsea Field Developments
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper OTC 15343, "Reliability Management of Deepwater Subsea Field Developments," by Havard Brandt, Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.) Inc., originally presented at the 2003 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 5-8 May.
Overview: Bit Technology (December 2003)
Authors: Curry David
Published: February 2015

Overview - No abstract available.
New PDC Technology Reduces Hard-Rock Cost per Foot
Authors: Bybee Karen
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 79797, "New, Stable PDC Technology Significantly Reduces Hard-Rock Cost per Foot," by Edward J. Schell, SPE, and Duane Phillippi, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum, and Robert T. Fabian, SPE, ReedHycalog, prepared for the 2003 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, 19-21 February.
Evaluating IOR Potential in Kuwait
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 88716, "Evaluation of IOR Potential Within Kuwait," by Mohammad A. Al-Bahar, SPE, Kuwait Oil Co.; Robert Merrill, SPE, BP plc; William Peake, SPE, ChevronTexaco Corp; and Mohammed Jumaa and Reza Oskui, Kuwait Inst. for Scientific Research, prepared for the 2004 SPE Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 10-13 October.
Overview: Bit Technology and Bottomhole Assemblies (December 2007)
Authors: Mensa-Wilmot Graham
Published: February 2015

Drilling Performance Improvements—Push Into New Horizons

Increased global demand for oil and gas has created situations in which operators are forced to drill deeper and into much harder formations. These drilling environments present enormous operational and technical challenges. In addition to the low rate of penetration (ROP), downhole tool failures occur at much higher frequencies. As a result, operators must make multiple trips to replace drill bits and other downhole tools, thereby incurring additional operational costs.

The known challenges of hard-formation drilling are compounded by the effects of depth, primarily the result of elevated downhole pressure and temperature. To reduce operational costs in such applications, ROP and downhole-tool reliability must be improved substantially. Researchers, focusing on these challenges, have identified the need for system-based solutions. Such an approach evaluates all the elements that influence the drilling process.

Researchers have gained valuable insights into the effects of depth and pressure on the properties and behaviors of different rocks. Consequently, the drilling efficiencies of different bit types, in terms of their energy requirements, also have been studied. To complement these efforts, specialized data-acquisition tools that can be placed inside the bit have been developed. These tools detect dynamic events at the bit/rock interface, which makes the data more relevant compared to data from previous tools. The effects of different drilling fluids or additives on the rock-failure process also have been studied extensively.

As part of the system-based solution, the drilling process must be executed effectively. Drilling-system definitions must facilitate efficient energy transfer to the drill bit. Energy received at the bit must be used to cause rock failure, not be lost through vibration events. In addition, system or operational flounders must be identified and resolved in real time to minimize their negative effects.

Considering the understanding gained and the tools that have been developed, performance gains now can be made in hard-rock applications. Bottomhole founder contributes to poor ROP in hard formations. In addition, vibration founder has been classified as contributing immensely to poor ROP and downhole-tool failures. Tools are being developed that can withstand higher operating temperatures. We know the contributing factors as well as the science behind the problem—now, let us go after this problem aggressively.

Bit Technology and Bottomhole Assemblies additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org

SPE 104502 "Maximizing Drilling Performance With State-of-the-Art BHA Program" by David C.-K. Chen, Halliburton Sperry Drilling Services, et al.

SPE 107530 "How To Select PDC Bit for Optimal Drilling Performance" by R. Nygaard, University of Calgary, et al.

SPE 105565 "Aggressive Drilling Parameters Capitalize on Cutter Technology and PDC Frame Advancement in Mature Field" by Peter Langille, Marathon Oil Company, et al.
IT Doesn't Matter - Or Does It?
Authors: Marks Lewis
Published: February 2015

Management

Businesses around the world spend well over USD 2 trillion a year on information technology (IT). Today, some companies spend 50% of their capital expenditures on IT. Certainly, with such a large spend, IT must matter…or does it? Author Nicholas Carr wrote a paper in the Harvard Business Review titled "IT Doesn't Matter" (Carr 2003). The article eventually grew into a book titled Does IT Matter? and set off a worldwide debate about the role of computers in business and industry. Carr argues that IT has become much like other technologies that were initially revolutionary and strategic for companies but rapidly became a commodity available to all. He uses the steam engine, railroads, electricity, the telephone, and the highway system as examples. He argues that only at the macro level, involving entire societies or economies, can IT provide transformational value. He also suggests that IT managers should take a "follow the leader" approach and focus more on IT's vulnerabilities such as data security.

Carr raised some provocative points, and the purpose of this article is to address these questions:Can E&P companies gain a strategic advantage by taking a strategic approach to technical computing?If so, how should a technical computing strategy be developed and how can companies gain a strategic advantage?

For the purposes of this article, IT and technical computing are defined as the technical applications used to help companies optimally find, access, and produce hydrocarbons. The answer to the first question is a resounding "Yes!" Companies can in fact gain a strategic advantage by developing a strategy for technical computing. However, companies must embrace and apply specific fundamentals before a strategic advantage can be achieved. Without these fundamentals, developing such a strategy will not only be a pure cost but also a pure waste of time.

Technical Computing Strategy Fundamentals

Fundamental No. 1: There Is No Such Thing as an "IT Project."

Carr's article ruffled some feathers and this statement may as well. In reality, there is no such thing as an "IT project," only business initiatives with the intent of delivering on the company's goals and objectives. Many of these initiatives may have an IT component, but the goal of the initiative is to deliver tangible, quantifiable business results. When a project is incorrectly classified as an "IT project" it can suffer an ill fate.

All too often, companies make a technical computing purchase decision that is subsequently "flopped over the IT fence" for implementation. Little to no follow up occurs in assessing the outcome of that purchase decision nor are the results quantified. Without this, it becomes easy to lose sight of the big picture, which usually leads to cost overruns, scope creep, delays in implementation, and less-than-stellar results.
Moving From Vision to Reality - Optimal-Value Testing
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 114870, "Moving From Vision to Reality - The State of Optimal-Value Testing," by Hani Elshahawi, SPE, Robert H. Hite, SPE, and Melton P. Hows, SPE, Shell, prepared for the 2008 Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Perth, Australia, 20-22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Optimal-value testing (OVT) could replace conventional drillstem tests (DSTs) for in-situ measurement of dynamic reservoir properties such as permeability and drainage volume. OVT is any pressure-transient test in which live hydrocarbons are not produced directly to surface. Although OVT is safer, less costly, and environmentally friendly, the OVT-results quality might be inadequate for some development decisions. The technology is immature, and there are issues to resolve. However, with increasing experience, future value-of-information (VOI) decisions about performing in-situ dynamic measurements will, more often, include OVT.

Introduction

The focus of this paper is the use of dynamic well testing in exploratory and appraisal wells. Historically, the industry called this testing a DST. This type of test, in which hydrocarbons flow directly to surface while measuring rate and pressure, is a major tool in deciding how to develop a hydrocarbon resource. Cost along with health, safety, and environmental (HSE) concerns encourages seeking better ways of obtaining similar reservoir and fluid data. OVT is any fit-for-purpose well testing with minimal cost and HSE effect in which no significant volume of live hydrocarbons is produced to the surface. Three types of tests are wireline formation tests (WFTs), closed-system tests, and injection tests.

Background

Any assessment of OVT must include an understanding of resource-development uncertainties and the reliability of the technology. The types of technologies considered for OVT are not new, but certainly are not as mature as conventional DSTs.

WFT.

These tests are performed by use of an electrically controlled formation-testing and -sampling tool anchored at depth (usually on wireline and in open hole) while reservoir communication is established through one or more probes or packers. Modern WFTs can collect a massive amount of data at multiple depths, helping to quantify changes in rock and fluid properties along the wellbore, to define hydraulic flow units, and to understand reservoir architecture. These tests are used routinely in many applications including pressure and mobility profiling vs. depth, fluid sampling, downhole-fluid analysis, pressure-transient testing, and microfracturing. Wireline testers have reached a maturity level at which their performance often can match that of production tests such as those carried out with a DST.
Simulation of Water Regime and Sensible Heat Exchange Phenomena in Green Roof Substrates
Authors: Charpentier Sylvain
Published: February 2015

The installation of green roofs has increased in the world's largest cities in the last 10 yr. Apart from aesthetic aspects, a main objective is to help regulate water fluxes in the urban environment and, under certain conditions, to reduce a building's heating requirements (by increasing thermal resistance) in winter and cooling requirements (by evaporation) in summer. We developed a theoretical approach using relevant thermal properties (heat capacity and thermal conductivity) for substrates being used for green roofs and propose an approach to modeling the interactions between water transport processes and heat flow and exchanges. Substrate water flow (using the van Genuchten approach) and heat flow were simulated for different mixtures of pozzolan and sphagnum peat. The main result was that substrate water retention properties and rain distribution throughout the year were more important for the rain/drainage balance than was substrate thickness. One‐dimensional simulations of water and heat transfer at the scale of a few days showed that the overall thermal properties of the substrate were driven by its capacity to store water. While water storage capacity could appear as an advantage for rainwater management in urban areas, it could be a drawback for insulation purposes in winter. In summer, at relatively low water contents, the substrate layer limits sensible heat transfer toward the roof; however, this transfer probably remains much lower than latent heat flow from a green roof to the atmosphere due to evapotranspiration under non‐limiting water uptake by plants.
Quantifying Topographic and Vegetation Effects on the Transfer of Energy and Mass to the Critical Zone
Authors: Rasmussen Craig , Pelletier Jon D. , Troch Peter A. , Swetnam Tyson L. , Chorover Jon
Published: February 2015

Critical zone evolution, structure, and function are driven by energy and mass fluxes into and through the terrestrial subsurface. We have developed an approach to quantifying the effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT, MJ m−2 yr−1) to the subsurface that accounts for local variations in topography, water and energy balances, and primary production. Our objectives were to quantify how (i) local topography controls coupled energy and water transfer to the subsurface, and (ii) vegetation effects on local‐scale evapotranspiration and primary production controls of energy and mass transfer to the critical zone, both at the pedon‐ to hillslope‐scale resolution, in the context of quantifying controls on EEMT. The model was tested across a semiarid environmental gradient in southern Arizona, spanning desert scrub to mixed conifer ecosystems. Data indicated clear variations in EEMT by topography, via both aspect and local water redistribution, and with current vegetative cover. Key findings include: (i) greater values of EEMT on north‐facing slopes in a given elevation zone, with a north‐facing aspect equivalent to an ∼300‐m elevation gain; (ii) a power law relationship between aboveground biomass and EEMT, with disturbance in the form of stand‐replacing wildfire substantially reducing estimates of EEMT; and (iii) improved correlation of EEMT to pedon‐scale variations in critical zone structure with EEMT values that include topography. Incorporating greater levels of environmental variation and complexity presents an improved approach to estimating the transfer of energy and mass to the subsurface, which is important to our understanding of critical zone structure and function.
Model of Allocating Public Financial Resources to Brazilian Hospital Organizations that Provide Highly Complex Health Care Services
Authors: Guerra Mariana , de Oliveira Gonçalves Andréa
Published: February 2015

The general objective of this paper was to propose a model of allocating public financial resources to Brazilian
hospital organizations that provide highly complex health care services on behalf of the Brazilian Unified Health System
(SUS). The main theoretical background was built on Carr-Hill et al. [1] Focusing on the highly complex health care
services provided by the hospitals, the study underscored factors such as supply (or productivity and
accessibility/availability of services/beds), demand (or need for health care), use (or utilization/consumption of
services/beds), and complexity segmentation of the service in Brazil. The sample comprised 251 organizations offering at
least type-II adult and type-II newborn Intensive Care Units in 23 Brazilian states and classified as general and/or
specialized hospitals. The Carr-Hill et al. [1] model was adapted to propose a simplified theoretical model of supply that
could represent the relationship between the variables included in the final equation of the model, namely: mean inpatient
cost, availability of basic health care services, bed occupancy rate, organization type, and organization nature. The results
pointed out that the significant determinants empirically confirm the arguments that are rejected by sanitarians in the
theoretical field – that the model of resource allocation is based on productivity.
Socioeconomic Health Disparities in Canadian Regions
Authors: Safaei Jalil
Published: February 2015

Purpose:

Numerous studies have estimated health disparities along socioeconomic dimensions using individual data from sample surveys. Disparities between communities or regions cannot be estimated without a consistent set of individual data across communities. This study uses data at the health region level to estimate the socioeconomic health disparitiesbetweenhealth regions in Canada.

Methods:

Tow measures of income and a measure of education are used for regional socioeconomic ranking along with several health outcomes such as life expectancies, mortality rates, perceived health and obesity. Weighted regressionanalysis is used to estimate the relative inequality index (RII) between Canadian health regions.

Results:

The findings of the study indicate the existence of health disparities between Canadian health regions along the three socioeconomic markers of average income, median household income and education in favor of regions with higher socioeconomic ranking on those markers. Disparities are more pronounced along the education and average income dimensions, however. Greater inequalities are observed for premature mortality, avoidable mortality and obesity, which are higher for women than men.

Conclusion:

There are health disparities between Canadian health regions along education and income dimensions. Such disparities signify the role of socioeconomic factors as important instruments in reducing health disparities.
High Energy Rho Meson Leptoproduction §
Authors: Besse Adrien , Szymanowski Lech , Wallon Samuel
Published: February 2015

We investigate the longitudinal and transverse polarized cross-sections of the leptoproduction of the ρ meson in the high energy limit. Our model is based on the computation of the impact factor γ*(λγ)→ ρ (λρ) using the twist expansion in the forward limit which is expressed in the impact parameter space. This treatment involves in the final stage the twist 2 and twist 3 distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the ρ meson and the dipole scattering amplitude. Taking models that exist for the DAs and for the dipole cross-section. We get a phenomenological model for the helicity amplitudes. We compare our predictions with HERA data and get a fairly good description for large enough virtualities of the photon.

PACS number(s): 13.60.Le, 12.39.St, 12.38.Bx.
Diffraction at CDF
Authors: Goulianos Konstantin
Published: February 2015

We present results on central exclusive production of π+π- in

p

p

collisions at

s

=
900

and 1960 GeV using events with two charged hadrons in the final state within the pseudorapidity region |η |≤ 1.3 and no particles in
|η| > 1.3. These results open a new window into hadron spectroscopy, and may be used as benchmarks for testing relevant theoretical models.

PACS Number(s): 13.30.Eg.
Mathematical modeling and effect of blanching pretreatment on the drying kinetics of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita)
Authors: Fang Sheng , Wang Li-Ping , Wu Ting
Published: February 2015

The influences of blanching pretreatment on the drying kinetics of Chinese
yam (Dioscorea opposita) slices were investigated. Drying experiments were
carried out at 60, 70, 80 and 90?C. Six thin layer models were evaluated and
the determination of coefficient (R2), chi-square (?2), root means square
error (RMSE) were used to analysis the model performance for both raw and
blanched samples. The Wang and Singh model gave best results with R2 of
0.9987 and RMSE of 0.0136 for raw yam slices, and R2 of 0.9989 and RMSE of
0.0119 for blanched samples. The effective moisture diffusivity coefficient
Deff varied in the range of 0.7295?10-9 to 2.4087?10-9m2 s-1 for raw slices, and
1.3748?10-9 to 3.8524?10-9m2 s-1 for the blanche dones. The activation energy of
yam slices drying were 41.149 and 33.499 kJ mol-1 for raw and blanched yam
slices, respectively. Results show that blanching pretreatment can reduce the
total drying time and improve the effective moisture diffusivity compared
with the raw samples.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Bond Strength to Enamel of Dental Adhesive Systems Associated with Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Barcellos DC , Batista GR , Pucci CR , Persici ES , Borges AB , Torres CRG , Fonseca BM , Gonçalves SEP
Published: February 2015

Objectives

This study evaluated the durability of bond strength to enamel using total-etch (Single Bond/SB) and self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond/CSEB) adhesives associated with neodymium:yttrium-aluminu- garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation through the uncured adhesives.

Methods

Bovine incisors were worn to expose an area of enamel and were divided into four groups: group 1 (control) SB + polymerization; group 2 (control) CSEB + polymerization; group 3 (laser) − SB + Nd:YAG laser (174.16 J/cm2) + polymerization; and group 4 (laser) CSEB + Nd:YAG (174.16 J/cm2) + polymerization. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 hours or 12 months, sectioned into beams, and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (adhesive, technique, and storage time) and Tukey tests.

Results

ANOVA revealed significant differences for adhesive × technique and technique × storage time (p<0.05). The mean values (MPa) for interaction adhesive × technique (standard deviation) were as follows: SB/control = 35.78 (6.04)a; SB/laser = 26.40 (7.25)b, CSEB/control = 26.32 (5.71)b, CSEB/laser = 23.90 (7.49)b. For interaction technique × storage time the mean values were as follows: control/24 hours = 32.58 (6.49)a; control/12 months = 29.52 (8.38)a; laser/24 hours = 29.37 (5.71)a; laser/12 months = 20.92 (6.5)b. Groups with the same letters showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

Scanning electron microscope analysis showed evident areas of micromorphological alterations in lased samples after 12 months of water storage. Nd:YAG laser irradiation of enamel through unpolymerized total-etch adhesive significantly reduced bond strength compared with the control. Bond strength decreased when enamel samples irradiated with Nd:YAG laser through unpolymerized adhesives were stored in water for 12 months.
Predictable Restorative Work Flow for Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture–Fabricated Ceramic Veneers Utilizing a Virtual Smile Design Principle
Authors: Lin WS , Zandinejad A , Metz MJ , Harris BT , Morton D
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this case report was to present the use of a contemporary digital photograph–assisted virtual smile design principle, an intraoral digital impression, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture–fabricated lithium disilicate ceramic veneers to treat a patient with esthetic needs in the maxillary anterior region. By using the proposed digital restorative work flow, this case report demonstrated an effective communication pathway between the patient, clinician, and dental laboratory technician. Effective communication can help to achieve a more predictable and satisfactory esthetic outcome.
The Role of Chunking in Drawing Rey Complex Figure
Authors: Obaidellah U. H. , Cheng P. C-H.
Published: February 2015

The study investigated the effects of chunking and perceptual patterns that guide the drawings of Rey complex figure. Ten adult participants ( M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 4.1) reproduced a single stimulus in four drawing modes including delayed recall, tracing, copying, and immediate recall across 10 sessions producing a total of 400 trials. It was hypothesized that the effect of chunking is most obvious in the free recall tasks than in the tracing or copying tasks. Measures such as pauses, patterns of drawings, and transitions among patterns of drawings suggested that participants used chunking to aid rapid learning of the diagram. The analysis of the participants' sequence of chunk production further revealed that they used a spatial schema to organize the chunks. Findings from this study provide additional evidence to support prior studies that claim graphical information is hierarchically organized.
Corruption and Campaign Funding: A Burkean Perspective
Authors: Mendilow Jonathan
Published: February 2015

Edmond Burke based his 1780 plea for economic reform on a notion of political corruption that he touched on only in few additional letters and addresses of the time. It was soon eclipsed by other “burning” questions that occupied his mind, and remains among his less developed and less studied ideas. It nevertheless merits attention. As a pragmatic politician with a philosophical bent, his main aim in the speech on reform was to sway the politics of his time; yet his deductive reasoning led him to generalizations that may point to a possible direction by which we can look for solutions to some of the problems that beset current understandings of corruption. Of special interest in this context is his treatment of situations where widespread perception of corruption exists with out any massive law- breaking. In what follows I will argue that Burkes conception stakes a midway position between the older, “classic” views of corruption, and the thought of the 18th century liberals that informs our current perceptions of the phenomenon. Both received ample attention in the literature. Nevertheless, a brief note may serve as context for the consideration of Burkes ideas on the subject.
New Media as a Formation Factor for Digital Sociology: The Consequences of the Networking in the Society and the Intellectualization of the Communications
Authors: Kyslova Olga , Berdnyk Ekateryna
Published: February 2015

The perspectives of digital sociology formation through the prism of transformation of new media are considered in the article. We confirm the beginning of the age of intelligent media, which incorporate the network principle of organization of the interactions with the implementations of artifacts (artificial intelligent agents) to communication processes and are the base for the formation of digital environment for human life. Among the main socio-cultural effects of the development of new media we rank the expansion of social reality due to the addition of a “digital dimension” to it, the formation of network culture and actualization of the communicative (and subsequently, network and digital) subjectivity. We consider the network culture from the point of view of the activity approach and define it as a conglomerate of stationary value and normative mechanisms, technological means of implementation and results of network communications. We consider the network culture formation to be a result of the societal networking and it serves as the basis for subsequent cultural transformations - the rise of digital culture, outlines of which can be traced along with the general digitization and formation of the high-technology digital society. The conclusion, that digital sociology is called to study the laws of social life of a contemporary person integrated into a digital space of new media, is made.
A Contemplative Approach to Clinical Sociology
Authors: Giorgino Vincenzo M.B.
Published: February 2015

*This paper is based on different previous presentations, in particular Understanding and compassion. Towards an integration between spiritual and sociological knowledge S.P.A. Annual Conference, Anaheim (CA, USA), 18th August 2001, unpublished; “Contemplative knowledge and sociological understanding”, panel Contemplative understanding: a challenge to the sociological perspective, Sociological Practice Association (S.P.A.) Annual conference “Using Sociology for Good Purposes”, San Francisco (CA, U.S.A.) August 17th 2004; unpublished. Both have been reviewed and integrated for the recent Workshop Wakeful inquiry: experiencing contemplative sociology in science and practice, held a the ISA RC46 Conference “Clinical Sociology: Improving Lives and Communities through Analysis and Intervention” Madrid, 16-19 March 2013.

Note: the pronoun indicating the first person singular is always written in minuscule character
Competency Framework for Managers of International Organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Buko Svitlana
Published: February 2015

The article is focused on the analysis of the cross-cultural competency framework of the NGO managers within international organizations. The results of the qualitative research project demonstrate a consistent pattern of three perceived mandatory competencies for efficient managers: communicative competence, intercultural competence and linguistic competence. The qualitative phenomenological research was conducted in Ukraine and US; the insights of 22 in-depth interviews with managers of the international NGOs reveal vision and perception that US and Ukrainian managers have regarding the required education, skill set and knowledge of the successful international managers.
Corruption and the Fatal Power of Envy: Revisiting The Classical Republican Tradition
Authors: Fiske Rebecca
Published: February 2015

One hurdle to the systematic study of corruption is the plethora of definitions, none of which seems to meet the test of applicability across times and political systems. This, in turn, leads to difficulty in assessing the reasons underlying corruption and explaining its levels in various contexts. Thus, it may be useful to recur to the classical republican notions, particularly the conflation of the public and personal, the degree to which the republic relied upon a virtuous and selfsacrificing citizenry, and the problem of individual desire and envy. The more modern 18th century British concept twisted the equation and drew a boundary between the public and the private such that individuals needed to squelch their private desires in favor of public virtue. Later termed positive and negative liberty, this fundamental divide became the threshold of corruption. How can individual rights be protected from government intrusion? Conversely, how can governmental rights be protected from individual intrusion? How can free, independent humans govern themselves? Such fundamental questions remain central to contemporary American culture. This paper suggests that a return to Classical Republican Tradition, particularly the writing of Thucydides and the concept of “fatal envy” can shed new light on the dialectical nature of public and private liberty and of the issue of corruption.
Evaluation of Tanzania Curriculum: An Analysis Using Ornstein's View on Educational Philosophy
Authors: Muneja Mussa S.
Published: February 2015

It is arguably clear that regardless of one's philosophical orientation, sometimes change cannot be avoided. On the same vein, the change of curriculum in educational sector has become irresistible almost everywhere. The aim of the paper has been to critique Tanzania Educational Philosophy using Ornstein's view (Ornstein, Pajak and Ornstein (2011:1-9); the choice of this work is based on credibility in curriculum studies. The findings indicate that curriculum change can never be avoided. The paper also focused on how traditional curriculum has not only changed, but also co-exists with contemporary curriculum. It has also been made evident that the curriculum in Tanzania has a lot of ‘patches’, and this may have given room for the recent massive Form Four failures. It is also true that recurrent threats to strike and even the last year strike by teachers are indicators that the curriculum needs thorough review. The paper further recommends the work of curriculum review should be not the sole responsibility of Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) but all stakeholders. The process of curriculum review should receive almost an equal emphasis as the constitutional review.
International Journal of Environment: A Scientific Journal Increasing Strength To Strength
Authors: Bhandari Govinda
Published: February 2015

Not available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12173 International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: I-II
Morphotaxonomy of Genus Targionia L. (Marchantiales) From Nilgiri Hills (India)
Authors: Alam Afroz
Published: February 2015

Studies on the order Marchantiales of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), Western Ghats, India, have revealed the occurrence of three taxa of genus Targionia L., namely Targionia hypophylla L., Targionia lorbeeriana K. Müll., and Targionia indica Udar et A. Gupta, belonging to the family Targioniaceae (Hepaticopsida). Due to rapid habitat loss the genus is under threat of extinction, like the previously known species, Targionia indica. Now only two species are found to be scattered in a few localities of NBR, as terrestrial form. Hence, the present paper provides the complete morphotaxonomic account of these two existing species along with SEM details of spores. This would be helpful for proper identification of these taxa in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12178International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 58-67
Assessment of Physicochemical and Biochemical Qualities of Tannery Effluents of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and Comparison with Non-Tannery Water Samples
Authors: Islam Laila N. , Rahman Adua , Mahmud Zimam , Nabi A. H. M. Nurun , Hossain Mahmud , Mohasin M.
Published: February 2015

NOTE: on 21st May 2015, the authors Mahmud Hossain and M Mohasin were added to the online information about the article. The PDF remains correct.In this study the physicochemical and biochemical qualities of the tannery effluents were analyzed to determine the pollution load of the openly released wastewaters in the environment and the findings were compared with the non-tannery waters. Fourteen samples of factory effluents were collected from the leather tanning industrial zone of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, and 13 non-tannery water samples were collected from different parts of Dhaka city. The effluents were mostly colored; their pH varied from highly acidic to basic values while densities were not much different from the non-tannery waters. The chromium contents of the effluents varied from less than 0.002 to 18.97 mg/L and the chemical oxygen demands (COD) varied from 90 to 6500 mg/L, which were significantly higher than those of non-tannery waters. There was a strong direct correlation between chromium content and COD (p<0.01) indicating that chromium was hugely responsible for pollution caused by tannery effluents. The tannery wastewaters were highly toxic to brine shrimp nauplii (lethality: about 82%), and chromium was responsible for biotoxicity of the effluents since a direct significant correlation (p<0.021) was found between chromium content and lethality. Storage of the wastewater samples for 2 to 8 months at room temperature showed rise in the pH values possibly due to microbial action that resulted in decrease of dissolved chromium content from a mean value of 7.94 to 5.09 mg/L. These findings demonstrated that the presence of high concentrations of chromium and other chemicals in the untreated tannery effluents were contributing adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12179International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 68-81
A Contribution to the Seasonal Distribution and Biodiversity of Fresh Water Phytoplankton of Karagam Lake, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Jyotsna N. , Subba G. Rangaiah , Rao Mohan G Narasimha
Published: February 2015

In the present study, Seasonality and Species diversity of Phytoplankton studies were made on the Karagam Lake of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh from November 2006 to October 2008. The phytoplankton population was represented by a Total taxa of 64 genera were recorded in this study. This includes Chlorophyceae (26 genera- 74 species), Bacillariophyceae (18 genera-41species), Cyanophyceae (17 genera-39 species) and Euglenophyceae (3 genera-8species). The abundant algal forms belong to Volvocales (9 genera, 12 species), Chlorococcales (7 genera, 16 species), Conjugales (9 genera, 43 genera), Nostocales (9 genera, 18 species) in Karagam Lake.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12180International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 82-100