bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological testing results of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines developed in the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in the Kursk region
Authors: Aidiev A. Ya. , Marchenko D. M. , Ivanisov М. М. , Emeliyanova А. А. , Logvinova E. V.
Published: December 2022

The current paper has presented the ecological testing results of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines developed in the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. The purpose of the current study was to identify promising varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth region of the Russian Federation. The objects of the study at the initial stage (2018–2020) were such winter wheat varieties included in the State List of Breeding Achievements as ‘Volny Don’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Yermak’, and in the following years (2020–2021) there were studied from 15 to 40 lines developed on the basis of hybridization in the «ARC «Donskoy». As a result of ecological testing, there has been identified a number of varieties and lines that are most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. A new joint variety of winter bread wheat ‘Vertikal’ has been sent to the State Variety Testing. Productivity of the variety ‘Vertikal’ in the Kursk FANC varied from 50.1 to 71.9 hwt/ha; in SamRC RAS it was from 32.4 to 71.6 hwt/ha; in the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea it was from 38.7 to 49.5 hwt/ha. Productivity of the standard varieties ‘Moskovskaya 39’, ‘Skipetr’ and ‘Ermak’ was 47.8–52.0 hwt/ha, 25.3–63.9 hwt/ha, 37.0–42.2 hwt/ha, respectively. Ecological testing was carried out in the breeding crop rotation of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Center (FSBSI Kursk FANC). The soil cover of the experimental plot was represented by typical heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The forecrop was black fallow. Sowing was carried out in an ordinary way with a row spacing of 15 cm, with a seeder SKS-6-10. The plots were with an accounting area of 10 m2 in six repetitions, the seeding rate was 500 germinating grains per 1 m2, the standard variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’ was sown every 10 numbers. Lodging and winter hardiness and structural analysis of plants was estimated according to the methods of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Over the years of study, there have been identified the winter bread wheat lines with economically valuable traits that exceeded the standard one and could be used in further breeding work. Breeding varieties on a cooperative basis makes it possible to expand the area of distribution of research by breeding centers to develop new varieties in other ecological and geographical conditions.
The effect of correlation between a spring wheat variety with soil tillage technologies and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the interannual yield stability
Authors: Konitshev А. А. , Garifullin I. I.
Published: December 2022

There was studied the possibility of reducing the effect of weather conditions on spring wheat productivity in the Non-Blackearth zone due to improving tillage technologies. There has been established that on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil, on the fields of the Ivanovsky Research Institute of Agriculture in the period 2013–2019, the difference in the number of productive stems per m2 when using plowing or minimal tillage was not significant when the HTC changed from 0.73 to 2.65, except the year of 2017 (HTC = 2.19), when there was increased soil moisture throughout the vegetation period. The advantage of minimal tillage under these conditions was 30 %. According to number of kernels per ear, there was identified a significant advantage (more than 20 % (HTC = 2.65; 0.99)) of plowing over minimum tillage (by 13–14 %) during the years with soil moisture in the wheat booting stage. When applying experimental tillage, there have been formed areas with a variable density in the lower part of the arable layer, each of which is favorable for plant development under a certain soil moisture. The transition to experimental tillage has increased number of productive stems on 1–6 %. Number of kernels per ear when using experimental tillage significantly exceeded this indicator (by 5–18 %) under a minimum tillage in the entire range of moisture. Compared to plowing, the advantage of experimental tillage according to number of kernels per ear was 0–27 %. The effect of weather conditions on a number of productive stems was 74.8 %, and number of kernels per ear was 32.4 %. The effect of mineral fertilizers on these parameters of the yield structure was 1.8 and 26.2 %, respectively.
TELAAH HISTORIS TERHADAP TEORI EVOLUSI CHARLES DARWIN DITINJAU DARI REVOLUSI SAINS THOMAS S. KUHN
Authors: Fattah Galuh Nur , Siswadi Gede Agus
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This article specifically describes how a scientific theory is formed and placed as an epistemic truth, even in the end it becomes a paradigm that influences scientific methodologies in various different scientific fields. This is in line with the scientific revolution proposed by Thomas S. Kuhn. The discussion in this article will focus on the development of the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin in the field of biology, viewed from the perspective of the scientific revolution of Thomas S. Kuhn. This effort was made because in its development, Darwin's theory of evolution has historically been the starting point for theoretical revolutions in the field of biology, and even in other scientific fields. This historical explanation of how the development process of Darwin's theory of evolution shifted, and even undermined previous scientific theories, became a starting point for a radical theoretical transformation in the development of science which was viewed from Kuhn's analysis through his theoretical schema of the revolution of a scientific theory. This becomes very important for researchers and the general public, especially to provide an explanation that the epistemic truth in science is not a sudden speculative knowledge, as is the ontological truth in religious knowledge and cultural knowledge. The methodical approach used in this article will use a historical continuity approach, heuristics, and interpretation. The type of analysis in this article falls into the analysis of scientific theory. This article was written with the aim of providing a description, evidence, and argument that the paradigm shift of science from the pre-Darwinian evolutionary period to the Darwinian evolutionary period is a description of a radical theoretical transformation process that occurs instantly in a scientific field, which in Kuhn's thinking is passed through The main phases are normal science, anomaly, crisis, and scientific revolution.

Keywords: The Theory of Evolution, Scientific Revolution, Charles Darwin, Thomas S. Kuhn, Epistemic Truth
The Hemingway’s Six-Word Story Effect: A Psycholinguistic Verification
Authors: Shymko Vitalii
Published: December 2022

Purpose. An empirical verification of the Hemingway’s “sad hypothesis” and study of some individual characteristics of a discourse formation in a process of short texts understanding.
Methods and procedure of research. The study was based on the principle of a standardized interview, which was carried out on a random sample (103 respondents) using the questionnaire. The subjects interpreted two proverbs and the short story by Hemingway (“For sale: baby shoes, never worn”). In each case, it was proposed to choose one of the six ready-made interpretations or to create an original one. Proverb explications were classified by experts as “normative” or “deviating”, and interpretations of the story were evaluated into “sad” or “pragmatic” ones. Also, a “normativity index” was calculated for each respondent, reflecting the number of normative renditions of proverbs. The Psychogeometric test was used, and such socio-demographic characteristics were recorded as: gender, age, having children.
Results. This study refutes the “sad hypothesis” regarding Hemingway’s six-word story affect. The prevalence of pragmatic type interpretation over sentimental one is statistically significant. The type of interpretation turned out to be not directly related to any of the considered socio-demographic characteristics. It was found that the sad interpretation of the story reliably corresponds to a high normativity of the proverbs explications. Conversely, respondents with deviating interpretations of proverbs were significantly more likely to interpret Hemingway’s story in a pragmatic way. Differential psychological features, which were distinguished using the Psychogeometric test, turned out to be an insignificant predictor of the six-word story interpretations.
Conclusions. The analysis of the research results made it possible to argue the thesis that the differences in the formation of individual discourses are directly related to a worldview and indirectly determined by other factors in turn influencing the outlook. The interaction of the worldview with discursive practice that arises in the process of short texts understanding is carried out according to differential scenarios. These scenarios are conditioned by such individual characteristics as discursive conformity and discursive lability, which, in turn, correspond with high and low normativity, respectively. Above features are cognitive in nature. Their ontological localization coincides with the I-language (Chomsky).
PRINCIPLES OF OPTIMIZING CONTROL OF GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THEIR UNDERLOAD
Authors: Grudz V. Ya. , Grudz Ya. V. , Protsiuk V. R. , Pidluskyi V. P. , Portechyn O. M. , Gershun B. I.
Published: December 2022

The work is devoted to establishing the regularities of the flow of technological processes in gas transportation systems to optimize the operational management of operating modes under the condition of their incomplete loading.
On the basis of the study of the stationary modes of operation of the gas transportation system with changes in the volume of gas pumping, the principle of building a mathematical model based on the superposition of the characteristics of linear sections and compressor stations is proposed, which makes it possible to estimate the throughput of the system, parameters of the operating mode, and energy consumption for gas transportation.
The methods of building a system of integral influence coefficients for gas transportation systems in order to evaluate the parameters of its operation in stationary modes of operation are presented. Each change in the technological parameters of the operating mode at the entrance of the gas transport system will necessarily cause a reaction of the system, which will manifest itself in a change of the corresponding parameters at its exit. It is obvious that the input and output parameters of the system are interconnected by a complex system of equations, the implementation of which requires certain time costs and the collection of additional information about the technical and hydro-gas-dynamic conditions of the system at each moment of time. In the conditions of incomplete loading of the gas transportation system, which involves frequent changes in its operation modes, the implementation of the task is not always possible. It is proposed to create a system of integral influence coefficients that characterize the ratio of input and output information in various stationary modes and to formally present it in a matrix form.
On the basis of the research results, the principle of optimizing the operation modes of the gas transportation system under conditions of partial loading according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption for gas transportation at the maximum level of gas supply reliability is proposed.
MODERN METHODS OF REPAIR OF PIPELINES
Authors: Martyniuk R.T. , Chernova O.T.
Published: December 2022

At the stages of maintenance and repair of pipeline systems, there is a need to use flameless cutting in existing pipelines, in particular: when it is necessary to connect intake chambers and start cleaning pistons, and during pipeline repair with a complete replacement of the pipe body without stopping the transportation of the product. Also, fireless cutting is effectively used to connect branch pipelines during the development of pipeline systems.
One of the progressive directions of improving the maintenance and repair of pipelines is the development of cutting methods that would ensure high efficiency and environmental friendliness of the work. However, their successful application is impossible without a theoretical and experimental study of the process of welding the branch pipe to the operating pipeline.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DRILL PIPE FAILURES OF STRENGTH GROUPS G-105
Authors: Hrabovskyi R.S. , Tyrlych V.V. , Vytiaz A.O.
Published: December 2022

Characteristic types of operational defects which formed on the inner or outer surface of drill pipes of strength group G-105 are described. The results of technical diagnostics were used when drilling wells in the territory of the Dnipro-Donetsk gas-oil-bearing region. In 2018-2019, the Ukrburgaz Drilling Department rejected 89 drill pipes of strength group G-105 when drilling wells at a depth of 4,000 to 6,000 meters.

A statistical evaluation of operational defects discovered during drilling deep wells (4-6 km) was carried out. Potentially dangerous areas in the drill pipe upset zone, the length of the drill string, and the duration of drilling operations were determined.

It is recommended that, when performing defectoscopy of drill string pipes, increased attention should be paid to the section of the pipe from coupling face or nipple, in the range from 0.55 to 0.63 m. In addition, taking into account the depth of drilling, increased attention should be paid to the diagnosis of pipes their placement, since in the interval from 0.43 to 0.52 along the relative length () of the drill string, there is the greatest probability of an operational defect. It is also necessary to pay attention to the duration of drilling operations, in particular, two stages of drilling are distinguished: Stage I – stable operation (up to 6 thousand hours); and the II stage - accelerated destruction (from 6 thousand hours and more), and it was established that during the defect inspection of the pipe, special attention should be paid to drilling pipes, the duration of operation of which in the I stage is from 2692 to 3736 hours, and in the II stage - from 8744 to 10983 hours, since in these periods there is the greatest probability of an unacceptable defect.
Compact ultrapseudometrics and inverse systems
Authors: Nykyforchyn O. R. , Koporkh K. M. , Nykorovych S. І.
Published: December 2022

A method of construction of an inverse system of finite compacta, indexed with positive reals, from a compact ultrapseudometric, is proposed. It is proved that homeomorphisms and natural preorder on the class of compact ultrapseudometrics correspond to strict isomorphisms and strict morphisms of the respective inverse systems. Properties of the poset obtained with "gluing together" of the isomorphic inverse systems, are discussed.
IMPROVED RESULTS PROCESSING METHODOLOGY FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Moisyshyn V.M. , Ivasiutyn A. P. , Protsiuk V. R.
Published: December 2022

In the process of processing the results of experimental studies of any, in particular, technical processes, there is a necessity to establish a correlation between independent and dependent variables. During the analysis of experimental data, such a connection is established by using certain computer programs.
The authors proposed the App program. 1 to calculate the parameters of ten empirical regression equations using the method of least squares, which is developed in the Visual Studio programming environment in the C# (Сі Sharp) programming language using the “Windows Form Application” framework using Windows operating systems. This program can be used in processing the results of studies conducted both according to the classical, and factorial (rational) plans.
Making analysis data of experiments, conducted according to the factor plan with the help of this program the parameters of partial empirical dependencies of the studied factor Y on independent external factors are determined.
The basic version of the method of creating an empirical multifactorial model of multiple nonlinear correlations based on the data obtained by the method of rational planning of the experiment is the version proposed in the work "Methodology of processing the results of a factorial experiment". The authors supplemented this method by determining the parameters of partial empirical dependencies based on logarithmic experimental data for averaging of which the geometric mean is used for each independent factor. It is proposed to determine the parameters of partial empirical dependencies, which are used to create a multifactorial model, based on the antilogarithms of the averaged values.
O MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO NO “GAME OF THRONES” BRASILEIRO COMO 12º MINISTRO
Authors: Pádua Thiago Santos Aguiar de , Guedes Jefferson Carús
Published: December 2022

O presente texto aborda o comportamento do Ministério Público brasileiro em dois estudos de caso, sob a perspectiva ideológica, bem como sob o ponto de vista crítico que busca perceber momentos em que o Procurador-Geral atuaria como uma espécie de “Décimo Segundo Juiz do Supremo”, numa abordagem comparativa entre as estruturas institucionais do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos, conforme a literatura da ciência política em abordagem da análise do discurso em chave ideológica.
MEASURES AND MEANS TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: BUROVA ZINAIDA , VOROBIOV LEONID , IVANOV SERHII , DEKUSHA OLEH
Published: December 2022

Improving the energy efficiency of modern enterprises, including the food industry as one of the priorities for the life support of the population, is of strategic importance for Ukraine. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the energy-saving potential of food industry enterprises and the search for ways to reduce the energy intensity of technological processes, devices, and equipment, as well as transmission heat losses of buildings and structures. For field tests of industrial and technological objects, a combined thermal imaging and thermometric research methodology was chosen, which combines thermal imaging of characteristic thermal zones to detect anomalous areas and contact measurements of thermophysical parameters in these zones. A computerised information and measuring system equipped with a set of primary sensors of temperature, heat flux, humidity, etc. was used for long-term monitoring of thermophysical parameters simultaneously at different sites of the facilities. As a result, an array of data was obtained and processed, the parameters of complex convective and radiation heat transfer were calculated, and the heat transfer resistance was determined, which allows assessing the degree of danger of the detected thermal anomalies and developing measures for thermal modernisation of facilities using modern thermal insulation materials. Reduction of heat loss in production processes is also achieved by organising high-quality thermal insulation of technological apparatuses, pipelines and refrigeration equipment. The main parameter for selecting the required material is its low thermal conductivity in the operating temperature range of the equipment. For the effective heat insulator selection, the thermal conductivity of a number of popular materials of world-famous manufacturers was studied based on the certified information-measuring system of Ukrainian design by the stationary plate method with the use of heat flux and temperature sensors. The thermophysical parameters of heat-insulating materials in the range of 0.02...0.045 W/(m·K) were estimated and thereby revealed the thermal conductivity of materials with a closed microporous structure to be half that of fibrous ones and not dependent on the density of the material, which makes them the best option for high-quality insulation of buildings and equipment of food production
PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF THE ELECTRIC POWER FACILITY AS A TASK OF SEARCH OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Mirskikh G. , Bereziuk A. , Vasyuk V. , Knizhka T.
Published: December 2022

The decision to choose the most acceptable alternative of the alternatives proposed by the contractor for the possible development of an engineering object at the pre-design stage of the life cycle of the object means an agreement between the customer and the contractor and the coordination of the technical characteristics and the indicators of the object declared for development corresponding to these characteristics. The specified characteristics and indicators are necessary conditions for the transition to the project stage and for many reasons should be considered as the most important, given the implementation of all subsequent stages of the life cycle of the declared engineering object. At the design stage of any engineering object, various studies are carried out in order to develop mathematical and, if necessary, material models and tools at different levels of integration of the object's components.The developed models become the basis for the implementation of the general process of parameters synthesis for specific components and objects, as well as for further technical support of the life cycle of engineering objects under development.The concept of solving the problem of parametric synthesis of the components of the designed engineering object is presented and is reduced to the necessary procedures for search optimization and provides for multiple numerical implementations of the model function of the component.It is argued that in the case of considering the complex structure of the specified component, the construction is performed taking into account the indicators of physical processes necessary for the formation of its formation, and the model function will be represented by mathematical artifacts that are complex in structure and numerous in format.It is proposed to overcome these difficulties by forming, on the basis, developed where the corresponding physical processes are taken into account, a mathematical model of some mathematical artifact - a secondary mathematical model, which, with a reduction in accuracy acceptable for the purposes of parametric synthesis, will be much simpler given its numerical implementation.
FEATURES OF JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: BUZUNKO OLENA , KRASNOVA YULIIA
Published: December 2022

The research is dedicated to the issue of the opportunity to apply to the European Court of Human Rights for the protection of environmental rights. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the global environmental crisis raises the issue of ensuring the human right to a safe environment and its protection. The necessity of conducting a separate study on this issue arose since the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, defining the rights it guarantees, does not separately allocate environmental rights. That is why the question logically emerges: can individuals apply to the European Court of Human Rights to protect a right that is not specifically mentioned in the Convention. The purpose of the study is to explore the legal framework and grounds for applications to the European Court of Human Rights. In the process of the research, legislative acts, international legal acts, and the activities of the European Court of Human Rights, which purpose is to protect, in particular, environmental human rights, were analysed. The methodological foundation of the study was established by the Aristotelian method, methods of analysis and synthesis and comparative legal method. The study explores both general theoretical aspects related to the protection of environmental rights and analyses the practice of courts in protecting environmental rights, particularly at the international level. The study established that the European Court of Human Rights admits applications from individuals for the protection of violated environmental rights, which it considers through the prism of Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms – the right to respect for private, family life and the home of individuals. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the research analyses national and international law and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and provide conclusions that identify specific problems related to environmental protection activities and proposes specific mechanisms for overcoming them to avoid violations of citizens’ environmental rights.
CONTRACTUAL REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: NOVAK TAMARA , МELNYK VIKTORIIA
Published: December 2022

The research is devoted to the prospects of the development of labour legislation in the part of contractual regulation of labour relations. The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the necessity to update the regulatory framework governing labour relations, first of all, the relations on the conclusion, amendment, termination of labour contracts, and relations in the field of collective contractual regulation. The purpose of the study is to identify the risks and highlight the shortcomings of draft laws concerning the individual contractual regulation of labour relations, to analyse the prospects for the development of labour legislation on labour and collective agreements, and to develop the authors’ proposals to improve the state of legal regulation in this area. To achieve this purpose, the following scientific methods were used: dialectical, Aristotelian, analytical, formal-legal and comparative-legal. As a result of the study, the following priority measures to improve the contractual regulation of labour relations were identified. Ensuring that stakeholders are better informed about collective bargaining as a guarantee of employees’ rights (through the development of an information and advisory space, in particular, a virtual one). Intensification of the process of concluding collective agreements for maximum coverage of the employed population and employers, including individual entrepreneurs. Preventing the adoption of the proposed draft law No. 5371 as such, which by its scope may put employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in a worse position in terms of labour relations than employees who will not be subject to the contractual regime of regulation of labour relations. Further work in the area of labour law reform (both on the theoretical and practical levels) should concentrate on exploring options for regulating labour relations that would combine centralised, unified minimum guarantees for all participants in labour relations with special, possibly simplified, rules for particular categories (e.g. micro-enterprises). The generalisations can be used to develop draft regulations for labour law and can also be used to prepare research on the legal regulation of individual and collective labour relations.
MAIN CRIMINALISTIC FEATURES OF A PERSON COMMITTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE
Authors: STASIUK NADIIA
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the research subject is conditioned upon changes in social relations, modification of the criminological nature of perpetrators of domestic violence in Ukraine, in particular, foreign policy and socio-economic changes in Ukraine and the world. The purpose of the research is to identify the main socio-demographic and moral, and psychological features of a person who committed domestic violence. The main methods used in the research are the structural and systemic method, which allowed identifying the typical properties of a person committing domestic violence, and the statistical method, which allowed for studying the empirical base, which provided one of the main sources of information about such a person. The research analyses the criminal and legal properties of a person committing domestic violence. Noted that although a part of offences does not receive proper legal assessment in Ukraine there is a positive tendency to increase the realism of statistics on the commission of these crimes. The proposal on the necessity to modify the system of punishment is substantiated, in particular, the establishment of stricter sanctions for repeat offenders. In the research, it is suggested to use more often as a preventive measure conversations with a psychologist. The socio-demographic properties of a person who commits domestic violence in Ukraine are analysed. Based on statistical data, it was concluded that the number of women committing domestic violence is increasing; in particular, this is explained by the complicated economic and political situation in the country and social processes. Notably, offenders inherit the criminal behaviour of their parents (or one of them), and partly come from disadvantaged families, with low educational and cultural levels and difficult financial situations. The moral and psychological properties of a person who commits domestic violence in Ukraine are analysed. Notably, the behaviour of a person is influenced by both moral provisions and values and legal consciousness, in particular, if it is deformed, it can be an additional incentive to commit a crime. The practical significance of this research is that its provisions will help in further scientific research on the forensic and legal features of domestic violence in Ukraine in particular, its scientific originality may provide a foundation for new areas of research in the field of jurisprudence and research in other fields of social sciences.
ACCESS TO JUSTICE DURING MARTIAL LAW
Authors: YASELSKA NATALIA
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the study stems from the necessity to assess the efficiency of access to justice as a compulsory and integral element of human rights in the context of a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyse the main measures undertaken by the Government of Ukraine and the judiciary to restore access to justice during martial law, identify the problematic issues of its implementation, and find efficient mechanisms to overcome them. The research methodology covered general scientific and specific methods of scientific knowledge: comparative legal method, cybernetic method and method of analysis and synthesis. Based on the study of the work of the courts of Ukraine, a conditional division of courts was performed based on the mode of their work and the respective location, namely: territories where active hostilities are underway; territories under occupation (blockade); de-occupied territories, and territories remote from hostilities. It is stated that active hostilities, occupation and constant rocket attacks have established several new problems in access to justice, namely the physical impossibility of judges in the occupied territories and areas of active hostilities to administer justice; the catastrophic shortage of court officials; problems related to the transfer of jurisdiction from one court to another (overloading of judges, physical impossibility to transfer case files, actual destruction of cases, longer delays in court cases). It is concluded that under martial law, using electronic justice is an efficient solution that can ensure the right to access justice. It was noted that the current model of electronic justice in Ukraine still requires improvement through the adoption of a clear regulatory framework governing the full use of electronic justice (including the introduction of appropriate amendments to the procedural codes and the development of detailed instructions for judges and parties to the proceedings); improvement of the software to expand its functionality while providing technical equipment to all judges. The practical significance of the conducted research is of scientific value both for practitioners and scholars studying the theoretical and legal issues of access to justice and can be used to ensure the observance and implementation of the right to access to justice in the face of future challenges of extraordinary or global scale, such as war or pandemic.
CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE LYMPHOID TISSUE OF THE CECAL IMMUNE FORMATIONS IN DUCKS
Authors: MAZURKEVYCH TETIANA , KLADNYTSKA LARYSA , USENKO SVITLANA
Published: December 2022

Observing the quantitative and qualitative composition of immunocompetent cell populations of the lymphoid tissue of the immunogenic organs allows to determine the immune status of the organism in a certain age period. The object of research is determing the cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue of the cecal Peyer’s patches and cecal (apical) diverticula in ducks in age-concerned aspect. Material simples for research were selected from broiler ducks of the Blagovarsky cross. Cytological testss were performed on imprint specimens. Immunoblasts, lymphocytes, proplasmocytes, and plasmocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are distinguished among the cells of the lymphoid tissue of the cecal Peyer’s patches and the cecal diverticula. The content of these cells is not the same. Population of lymphocytes in imprint specimens is the biggest. It consists of subpopulations of small, medium, and large lymphocytes, the ratio is uneven. The largest is a subpopulation of small lymphocytes, and the smallest is a subpopulation of large ones. The total content of lymphocyte in cecal Peyer’s patches and cecal diverticula decreases with age of the subject ducks. The content of small and medium-sized lymphocytes in the cecal diverticula and small lymphocytes in the cecal Peyer’s patches as well decreases. Simultaneously, the content of large lymphocytes in the cecal diverticula, large and medium lymphocytes in the cecal Peyer’s patches increases. The immunoblasts content in the lymphoid tissue of the studied immune formations decreases with age of ducks, while the quantity of macrophages and monocytes conversely increases. Proplasmocytes and plasmocytes are detected in the lymphoid tissue of cecal Peyer’s patches and cecal diverticula from the age of 10 days in ducks. Their content increases significantly with the poultry age. Reticular cells observation if complicated due to their location under a dense layer of lymphoid cells. Fibroblasts, M-cells, erythrocytes, and granulocytes in imprint specimens are detected in trace amounts. The established changes in the cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue of the cecal Peyer’s patches and the cecal diverticula in ducks in the age-related aspect confirm the occurring immune reactions within them. Consideration of these changes will improve the effectiveness of anti-epizootic measures
MORPHOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE CANAL ORGANS AND THEIR IMMUNE FORMATIONS IN THE MULARD DUCKS
Authors: DYSHLIUK NADIIA , HURALSKA SVITLANA , MAMAI OKSANA
Published: December 2022

It is known that in the immune formations of the digestive canal of birds, which belong to the peripheral organs of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes occurs under the influence of antigens that cause the development of specific (cellular and humoral) immunity. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to identify the features of the morphology of the digestive canal organs and their immune formations in ducks of the hybrid meat breed “Mulard” aged 150 days during puberty. During histological studies, pieces from different areas (oesophagus, parts of the stomach, intestines with Peyer’s spots, Meckel’s diverticula, and caecum diverticula) were selected, labelled, and fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin and poured into paraffin, according to the generally accepted method. Histological preparations were used to examine the features of the microscopic structure of the digestive canal organs and their immune formations and histotopography, the types of forms of lymphoid tissue were analysed, its area was calculated. It was established that the immune formations of the digestive canal organs of ducks are represented by all levels of structural organisation of lymphoid tissue, which are not equally expressed in certain parts of them. Accumulations of immune formations in the walls of the oesophagus and stomach are located in lamina propria plate of the mucous membrane and submucosal base, and in the intestines – also in the muscle membrane. Lymphoid tissue is best developed in the oesophagal tonsil, caecum diverticula, slightly less in the Meckel diverticula and Peyer’s spots of the intestine. In the wall of the oesophagus and stomach of ducks, only minor accumulations of this tissue are observed. The results obtained on the morphofunctional state of peripheral organs of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis allow improving technologies for raising and exploiting birds to ensure their high viability and productivity
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF TUBULAR BONES OF BLAGOVARSKY CROSS DUCKS IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS
Authors: PASNICHENKO OLEKSANDRA , SOBEK ZBIHNIEV , TKACHUK SVITLANA , YATSENKO IVAN , BOKOTKO ROMAN
Published: December 2022

The microstructure of limb skeletal bones is closely related to ontogenetic age, localised skeletal growth dynamics, biomechanical modes of bone load, and possible taxonomic differences. This is important for the investigation of the problematic issues of ontogenetic changes in the compact bone tissue of domestic ducks. The purpose of the study was to compare the microstructure of the mid-diaphysis of the humerus and femur bones of Blagovarsky cross ducks, depending on age and gender. The material for research was the tubular bones of the thoracic (humerus) (n = 72) and pelvic (femur) (n = 72) limbs of Blagovarsky cross ducks aged 1 day, 10, 20, 30, 90, 196, 268, 341 and 483 days of postnatal ontogenesis of both sexual groups (females and males of 36 ducks each), a total of 72 ducks. The timing of the selection of ducks coincided with the technological cycle of their cultivation. Histological sections with a thickness of 5-10 microns were obtained, which were dyed with hematoxylin Karatsi and eosin, and according to Van Gieson for connective tissue differentiation. Morphometry determined the quantitative indicators of compact bone tissue in the middle of the diaphysis of tubular bones: the diameter of the diaphysis, the thickness of the periosteum, compact bone tissue, the diameter of osteons and central channels of osteons (Havers channels). It was discovered that the growth of the humerus and femur bones in length and thickness is completed on the 196th day of the postnatal period of ontogenesis in both female and male ducks. It was established that medullary (cerebral) bone tissue (1.01 ± 0.10 mm) appears from the femoral endostus of females, which is formed on the 196th day of the postnatal period of ontogenesis (the beginning of sexual maturity of females) and is further observed in intensive periods of their egg production on 268 and 341 days (2.43 ± 0.56 and 2.55 ± 0.62 mm, respectively), and disappears on the 483rd day (0.20 ± 0.03 mm) when the duck is not laying eggs. This study for the first time determined the age dynamics of morphometric parameters of microstructures of compact bone tissue of the humerus and femur and established their sex differences in ducks of the Blagovarsky cross. The results of comparative morphology studies are necessary for determining the age, sex, and species of birds based on the microstructure of compact bone tissue in the middle of the diaphysis of tubular bones, and for the ability to differentiate changes in the occurrence of limb pathologies in poultry
QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT WITH THE ADDITION OF CHELATED COMPOUNDS OF MICROELEMENTS TO THE DIET
Authors: FOTINA TETIANA , PETROV ROMAN , SHKROMADA OKSANA , NECHYPORENKO OLEKSANDR , FOTIN OLEKSII
Published: December 2022

At present, the current direction in poultry farming is the development of methods for raising poultry without the use of antibiotics to overcome antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, it is recommended to use mineral supplements of chelated forms of microelements of zinc, copper, and manganese in poultry diets. Chelated minerals are characterised by better digestibility during intensive broiler farming, which limits the use of minerals and reduces environmental pollution. The purpose of the study was to examine the quality of meat of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross, provided that chelated forms of zinc, copper, and manganese are included in the diet. Experimental studies were conducted in 2021 on broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross. Two groups of 20 heads of poultry were formed to examine the chemical composition of meat. Poultry of the control group received a basic diet with zinc, copper, and manganese sulfates, and poultry of the experimental group – enriched with chelated compounds of these microelements. The addition of chelated compounds of zinc, copper, and manganese to the diet of broiler chickens leads to an increase in the amount of fat, calcium and zinc in white muscles by 69.6, 24.6% and 1.4 times, and in red muscles-by 41.1, 30.9% and 3.4 times, respectively. The content of copper and manganese increases by 48.0 and 95.5% in red muscles and by 28.1 and 15.2% in white muscles compared to the control group. Therewith, there is a decrease in the relative content of essential amino acids by 1.1-1.3% and an increase in non-essential amino acids by 2.6-2.7%. According to the overall assessment of organoleptic parameters of broiler chickens fed zinc, copper, and manganese chelates, the sum of points was 2.0 points higher in the femoral muscles and 1.5 points higher in the pectoral muscles. In addition, according to the tasting assessment of meat from the thigh muscles of broiler chickens, more points were obtained in terms of tenderness by 10.0%, taste by 12.2%, and aroma by 13.2%. According to the tasting assessment of meat from the pectoral muscles of broiler chickens, more points were obtained in terms of tenderness by 18.9% and aroma by 10.3%. According to the reaction with copper sulfate, the content of ammonium and ammonia salts, broiler chicken meat was fresh and obtained from healthy poultry. As a result of organoleptic, physico-chemical, and biochemical studies of broiler chicken meat under the conditions of adding microelement chelates to the diet, it was established that it belongs to fresh and high-quality for consumption. These studies argue for the use of chelated compounds of microelements in poultry farming and contribute to their further introduction into production.
EXPOSURE TO DISINFECTANTS OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL NATURE ON THE CULTURE OF PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA
Authors: CHECHET OLHA , KOVALENKO VYACHESLAV , ALIEKSEIEVA HALYNA , PYSKUN ANTON
Published: December 2022

Infectious diseases cause substantial economic damage to livestock farms, so there is a constant search for new means of preventing diseases, especially disinfectants. Analysis of the scientific literature indicates a substantial problem of leptospirosis in Ukraine and there are virtually no data on the use of complex oxidising drugs for its prevention. The purpose of the work was to examine the effect of Biolide (active substances hydrogen peroxide, lactic and supralactic acids) and Diolide disinfectants (active substances sodium chlorite and sodium chloride) on the causative agents of leptospirosis. The stability of eight pathogenic Leptospira cultures of different ages circulating in Ukraine and their growth properties were tested by adding different concentrations of these disinfectants to them. The results obtained were statistically analysed in the Epitools – Epidemiological Calculators software. Effective concentrations and exposures of Biolide and Diolide for use in preventive and forced disinfection in leptospirosis were determined. As a result of studies on the effect of both disinfectants on 7-, 10- and 15-days Leptospira test cultures, no differences were recorded between the indicators of their accumulation (number of microbial cells/cm3). Therefore, the results obtained for cultures of different ages were considered as repeatability. It is proved that for preventive and forced disinfection in leptospirosis, a 0.55% solution of Biolide is recommended for use at an exposure of 30 minutes at a temperature of 24°C. If the exposure period is increased to 60 minutes, it is allowed to reduce the concentration of the product to 0.185%. Regarding the drug “Diolide”, it is recommended to use it in this zoonosis in a dilution of 200 mg/l (concentration of 0.08% of the active substance) during exposure for 15 minutes at a temperature of 24°C. If the exposure period is increased to 30 minutes, it is allowed to reduce the dilution of the drug to 50 mg/dm3 (concentration of 0.02% of the active substance). In addition, it was determined that both disinfectants completely inhibit the growth of pathogenic cultures of Leptospira. The practical value of the study is to prove the possibility of using complex disinfectants based on oxidising agents for the prevention of leptospirosis
The Extent of Achieving Social and Economic Security for Palestinian Families whose Heads are Lost (Arrested, Wounded, or Martyr) from the Wives' Point of View
Authors: Shehadeh Amer Saber
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to reveal the extent to which the social and economic security of Palestinian families have been achieved whether this loss was partial (wound or captivity) or total (martyrdom) from the wife’s point of view. It included (140) missing women in the governorates of Hebron and Bethlehem. The data were collected using two scales authored by the researcher after ensuring their validity and reliability, where the reliability coefficient was (0.819). The results of the study showed the need of the sample members for social and economic security in general. The differences appeared in the social dimension in favor of the younger wives. As for the educational level, the differences were in the economic dimension for those who hold bachelor’s and diploma degrees compared with those who hold a high school diploma or less. With regard to the variable nature of the husband’s absence, the statistical significance in the social and economic dimensions came in favor of the wives of the martyrs first, then in favor of the wives of the prisoners secondly, compared to the wives of the wounded. As for the variable of the presence of children, the differences in the economic dimension were in favor of the wives who had children. The researcher recommended the necessity of conducting survey studies on the subject for all regions of Palestine and also recommended the necessity of facilitating the task of institutions to provide social support to all families individually and collectively.
Resilience and its Relationship with some Variables with Displaced Students at Ibb University
Authors: Al-Tohamy Ahmed Ali Mohamed
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to identify the level of resilience and its relationship with some variables with students of Ibb University, and whether or not there were statistically significant differences in students' resilience attributed to the variables of gender and major. The sample of the study was composed of (150) students. Then, an analytical descriptive approach was used in this study revealing the following findings: the level of resilience with students of Ibb University was low, there were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in students' resilience attributed to the variables of gender, and there were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in students' resilience attributed to the variable major. Based on the findings of the study, a number of recommendations and suggestions were introduced.