bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Operation Process of Vehicles Equipped with Telematic On-Board Systems
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Rosiński Adam
Published: January 2020

Modern vehicles are equipped with telematic on-board systems, which connect electronic devices between them. The sent data are among others used to control systems and devices. They also have a certain operational potential. They can, indeed, also be used to rationalize the technical service of the vehicle fleet. This publication presents the author’s graph of the operation process, including the monitoring of the vehicle fleet. The application of the presented approach will contribute to the improvement of the value of certain vehicle reliability and operation indicators.
Perspective Assumptions of Pilot Training on Multi-Role Combat Aircraft in Poland
Authors: Kulik Tomasz , Dygnatowski Sławomir , Przybysz Kamil , Grzesik Norbert
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the subject of diagnosing the current system of pilot training on multi-role aircraft in Poland. The authors pay particular attention to changes in its organization, arising from the compromise between technology, needs and funds on the part of the organizers. The recommended perspective changes in its organization in Poland result from the past three years of research in the Air Force University and institutions engaged in the discussed issues. The issues continue the research process handled in the dissertation [5], resulting from analyses and comparisons with world trends in this respect. The obtained findings suggest that it is essential to achieve the planned outcomes of training pilots on multi-role aircraft, at the same time reducing time and costs. It is linked to the introduction of modern aircraft or equipment supporting the process of pilot training.
Identification of Measurement Chain Properties in the Inertial Navigation Gimbal Systems of Aircraft
Authors: Szelmanowski Andrzej , Kowalczyk Grzegorz , Kubryński Krzysztof , Rogala Piotr
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the characteristics of measuring chains found in the gimbal inertial navigation systems of the IKW-8 type (used on Su-22 aircraft) are presented. The research paper also addresses the method for the identification of measurement chain properties of the gyroscopic KW-1 platform developed at AFIT, including sensors for the parameters of aircraft motion within an inertial space (linear accelerations and angular velocities) and signal processing systems (used to level and gyrocompass the platform). The methodology for the identification of measurement chain properties developed at AFIT found its application as a complementary technology in the process of assessing the technical condition of an IKW-8 inertial navigation system implemented in the conditions of a military unit operating Su-22 aircraft.
Maintaining a Continuous Readiness for Military Pilot Flights by Using Mobile Technology
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Zieja Mariusz , Adamski Mirosław , Kawka Karol
Published: January 2020

Usage of mobile technology will help the flying personnel to coordinate and implement assigned tasks. Due to usage of smartphone, equipped with appropriate application, user will have the ability to track all task and recommendations with are automatically generated by the system. This type of solution will eliminate prophylaxis and training failings and positively affect the ability to flight of aviation personnel. Furthermore presented tool is also a mobile source of knowledge, data base containing: bulletins, information about aviation events, etc. The paper is a characteristic of the mobile application designated to supervise preventive and training duties of flying personnel, it presents operation algorithm, mathematical model and describes the purpose of the application.
Development of a Self-Destroying Fuse for Rocket Propelled Grenade Munitions
Authors: Bazela Rafał
Published: January 2020

The paper presents a proposal for modernising the DCR-type self-destroying fuse for rocket propelled grenade munitions. It features a description of the fuse’s structure concept, its design and operation by presenting its particular stages. The further part is a description of the structural materials used for constructing the modernised fuse. Then, a conducted analysis of laboratory and field testing of the developed fuse models was presented. The results of the field testing of the devised and developed modernised fuse technology demonstrator are shown. The high quality of the fuse’s operation was demonstrated. The research paper is concluded with a short summary and a list of the literature used.
Soll die Betriebswirtschaftslehre die Interessen anderer Akteure explizit berücksichtigen?
Authors: Schmiel Ute
Published: January 2020

Business administration argues that means-end-analysis in the interest of firms does not need to take the interests of other actors into account. Its implicit or explicit reason is that there is a harmony between firm goals and the interests of other actors. This study objects from a critical rationalist perspective that such harmony hypotheses are not empirically confirmed. Because of this, actors are not truly free to pursue their own interests. Instead, this study argues that actors on markets are allowed to pursue their own interests as long as they consider the legitimate interests of other actors at the same time. The study goes on to show how business administration should analyze means-end-statements that try to realize this market value.
A First-Mover Lost Market Opportunity: a Case Study
Authors: Shahriar Shamsul Huq Bin , Islam Mahbub Ul , Khan Md. Fayjullah , Arafat Sayed , Rahman Saifur
Published: January 2020

This case discusses about a restaurant named ‘Spicy Chicken’ shares a common boundary with a university. This university, known as East West University is recognized as a well-established and renowned brand for more than a decade. Recently it has relocated to a new campus, in a new location on the other side of the city, an un-established area known as ‘Aftab Nagar’. Unfortunately, ‘Aftab Nagar’ lacks the usual urban norm; unlike the rest of Dhaka city. To cater the daily meal including breakfast, lunch and dinner for a student crowd of ten thousand along with the hundreds of faculty members and university staffs as well as the neighborhood, the restaurant came into operation; keeping the university in its eyes solely as the prime target market. In spite of being the first-mover in the local market the restaurant could not utilize the opportunity. The authors, have attempted to explore the case of Spicy Chicken in light of service failure and recovery theory. The major finding of this study propose that Spicy Chicken lost its market opportunities due to a multitude of reasons consisting core service failure, process failure and unfairness perceived due to distributive justice and interactional justice.
Instruments of Developing Social Marketing in Public Health
Authors: Timotin Alina
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the way in which social marketing can be developed in public health and provides a set of practical instruments in this regard. Social marketing is an important tool in generating behavioural change and its usefulness in public health was proved by previous studies. However, it is still overlooked by many public health specialists, mainly because they lack basic instruments in this regard, especially knowledge and technical support. This study provides an opportunity to advance the implementation of social marketing and it priorly addresses to: national authorities in developing public health policies and strategies, medical curriculum developers, teachers, project managers and team members of health promotion programs. The research is interdisciplinary, applicative, descriptive, with a qualitative approach, based on logical-deductive reasoning. The novelty of the paper is expressed by the proposed total framework of implementing social marketing in public health, that comprises three dimensions: political, training and collaborative. The political dimension implies a unified application of the concept at the national level through specific strategies and encouraging program developers to use marketing techniques in influencing health behaviour. The training dimension implies courses provided at different levels and stages of training: students, master students, specialists. The collaborative dimension requires the creation of joint teams and clear distribution of roles for each member, of which at least one should be a specialist in social marketing. According to these three dimensions, the study describes three instruments (a guide, a curriculum and a sketch of the team) that were created for developing social marketing in public health in countries like the Republic of Moldova, where the concept is still not widely known and accepted. This study tends to give support for researchers in promoting social marketing techniques.
Growth, spectral, optical, dielectric and third order nonlinear studies on 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium salicylate single crystals
Authors: Sathishkumar K. , Chandrasekaran J. , Babu B.
Published: January 2020

Optically transparent single crystals of 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium salicylate were successfully grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The grown crystal was characterized by various characterization techniques such as single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared microscopy, optical, dielectric and Z-scan studies. The presence of various functional groups was identified by Fourier transform infrared technique. UV-Vis-NIR studies implied the absence of absorption in the visible region. Dielectric studies were carried out in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz. Thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra studies were also performed for the grown crystal. Nonlinear refractive index, absorption coefficient and third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of the crystals were evaluated by Z-scan studies.
Research on the influence of the filtrating electrode on the structure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by the energy filtering magnetron sputtering technique
Authors: Wang Zhaoyong , Jiang Weifen , Lu Yifan , Wang Xinlian , Huang Xiaoya , Yao Ning
Published: January 2020

TiO2 thin films were deposited by the energy filtrating magnetron sputtering (EFMS) technique and the traditional direct current magnetron sputtering (DMS) technique. The influence of the filtering electrode mesh number on the structure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films was investigated. The structure, surface morphology and optical properties were characterized by XRD, SEM and ellipsometric spectroscopy, respectively. Results show that the TiO2 thin films deposited by the DMS and EFMS techniques at the same deposition parameters are composed of the anatase phase exclusively. TiO2 thin films deposited at lower deposition rate by the EFMS technique have lower crystallinity, smaller particle size and smoother surface. With increasing the mesh number, the refractive index, extinction coefficient and optical band gap are larger.
Stereometric analysis of Ta2O5 thin films
Authors: Sobola Dinara , Kaspar Pavel , Oulehla Jindrich , Ţălu Ştefan , Papež Nikola
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this work is the study of the correlation between the thickness of tantalum pentoxide thin films and their three-dimensional (3D) micromorphology. The samples were prepared on silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation. The differences in surface structure of the processed and reference samples were investigated. Compositional studies were performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Stereometric analysis was carried out on the basis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, for tantalum pentoxide samples with 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm and 100 nm thicknesses. These methods are frequently used in describing experimental data of surface nanomorphology of Ta2O5. The results can be used to validate theoretical models for prediction or correlation of nanotexture surface parameters.
Growth, spectroscopic, electrical and mechanical studies on hexamethylenetetramine succinate crystal: a new third harmonic generation material
Authors: Balaprabhakaran S. , Chandrasekaran J. , Babu B. , Thirumurugan R. , Anitha K.
Published: January 2020

Hexamethylenetetramine succinate was synthesized and good quality single crystals with the size of 14 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm were grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The single crystal XRD revealed that the grown crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with the space group of P21/c. The presence of functional groups in the crystal was identified using FT-IR technique. The optical behavior was examined through UV-Vis-NIR studies. The photoconductivity study exhibited the positive photoconductivity nature of the grown crystal. Microhardness studies revealed the soft nature of the crystal. The nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) of the crystals were measured by Z-scan studies.
Synthesis, photophysical properties and electrochemical polymerization of a new blue fluorescent compound based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene moiety
Authors: Guergouri Mounia , Bensegueni Rafik , Bencharif Leïla
Published: January 2020

New monomer, 4,4’-[(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]diorin-5-yl)vinyl]-1,1’-biphenyl (BPE), was synthesized, characterized and polymerized electrochemically via a potentiostatic method. The corresponding polymer poly(4,4’-[(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4] diorin-5-yl)vinyl]-1,1’-biphenyl) (PBPE) obtained as a thin-layer film, was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the obtained polymer were determined from cyclic voltammograms as –4.89 eV and –3.81 eV, respectively. Its optical and electrochemical band gaps were calculated, and found to be 1.08 eV and 1.49 eV, respectively. PBPE can be used as a donor material in bilayer organic photovoltaic solar cells having PCBM as acceptor material.
Importance of Innovation Resources for Market Orientation – Financial Performance Link: Mediating Role of Proactive Market Orientation
Authors: Milfelner Borut , Dlačić Jasmina , Snoj Boris , Selinšek Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between market orientation, innovation resources and companies’ financial performance. Focus is put on the mediator role of proactive market orientation (PMO) in the relationship between reactive market orientation (RMO), innovation resources and financial performance in the context of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Research builds on reliable scales. Four hundred and fifteen usable questionnaires were collected from companies in Slovenia with more than 20 employees. The results show a strong and positive relationship between RMO and PMO. The impact of RMO on innovativeness as an element of organisational culture is both positive and stronger than the impact of PMO. PMO proved to have a significant positive influence on the capacity to innovate. While innovativeness alone does not directly influence financial performance, the results do confirm the positive impact of an organisational capacity to innovate on financial performance. The finding of our paper is that when PMO was included as a mediator between RMO and the capacity to innovate, the result was that this indirect impact proved to be one of the strongest in the model. Also, it proves that in CEE countries, it is important to stress the influence of market and market orientation in building innovation resources and consequently financial performance. The limitation of the current study is that we considered the relationship only among few marketing resources and organisational performance. In future research, additional measures of market performance may be introduced as mediators between innovation resources and financial performance.
The Fulfilment of Tax Obligation in Case of Slovenian Tax Residents Working in Other Countries
Authors: Jagrič Timotej , Lešnik Tomaž , Grbenic Stefan O. , Jagrič Vita
Published: January 2020

We study the impact of selected characteristics of Slovenian tax residents with income from work with source in other countries on their fulfilment of tax obligations from this income. We received anonymised data for the year 2015 from Slovenian Financial administration, which includes selected taxation data, some demographic variables as well as some data from other registers. On the sample of 9016 taxpayers of personal income tax from the group with income from work with source in other countries we found that with knowledge of some characteristics of taxpayers it is possible to discern a higher or lower probability of fulfilment of their tax obligations. Tools as the here presented model can help to increase the effectiveness of targeted inspection taxation supervision. The analysis has shown that groups of taxpayers with common characteristics share also a common pattern of the fulfilment of their tax obligations.
The Tax Burden CGE Analysis for Slovakia and Slovenia
Authors: Mitkova Veronika , Jánošová Miroslava
Published: January 2020

In the paper, the static computable general equilibrium model for Slovakia and Slovenia is used for a tax burden analysis. There was considered simultaneous 1% increase in taxes on primary factors, on firms’ and government domestic and imported purchases, on import taxes, on output (or income) tax, on private domestic and imported consumption taxes and export subsidies. The direct tax burden as well as the allocative efficiency effects of a tax, the welfare effects and welfare decomposition of such change for both countries is analysed. The most sensitive sectors on tax rate changes is heavy manufacturing and processed food and the most distorting effect has the tax increase on private consumption tax. The government’s tax increase should generate return at least 105.75% of its costs in Slovakia and 101.92% in Slovenia, otherwise the welfare will decline.
How Festival Experience Quality Influence Visitor Satisfaction? A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Marković Suzana
Published: January 2020

The purpose of research presented in this paper is to determine how selected characteristics of a city event affect the satisfaction of visitors. In particular, the aim is to identify factors related to event atmospherics that determine visitor satisfaction in the city destination in continental part of Croatia. For this purpose, questionnaire was created based on previously conducted research by Bitner (1992), Oliver (1980, 1997), Baker and Crompton (2000), and Lee, Lee, Lee, and Babin (2008). It comprised measures for assessing event atmospherics, visitor satisfaction, and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The research was conducted among visitors of a city event that takes place every year during December 2018. A total of 191 questionnaires were obtained during the one-month period. Principal component analysis was utilised to determine the factor structure of city event atmospherics. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which factors may serve as predictors of visitor satisfaction in city event context. As a result, the analyses revealed four factors related to city event atmospherics. In addition, these factors positively and significantly affected visitor satisfaction, indicating that they have important role in determining visitor satisfaction in a city event context. These findings can contribute to the knowledge advancement of the city events, their influence on tourist satisfaction, and consequently, to better understand specific groups of visitors as well as establish efficient marketing and promotion strategies.
Trade Barriers and Exports between Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Jusufi Gezim , Bellaqa Bashkim
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to identify the trade barriers imposed by the Western Balkan countries. All barriers, whether tariff or non-tariff, undoubtedly impede the normal development of trade between countries. Therefore, the paper examines merchandise trade patterns in the Western Balkan region and tries to identify the main drivers of and obstacles to intra-regional trade. Intra-regional trade comes second in importance, after trade with the European Union (EU); it underperformed and was in decline in the last few years. In the region with political challenges as the Western Balkans, non-tariff barriers significantly reduce trade exchanges between the countries in this region. Currently, the trade and political disputes (tax rate 100%) between Kosovo and Serbia showed that the imposed tariffs in trade created a political reaction between the countries, interrupting the dialogue between these countries. The originality and value of the paper are reflected in its dealing with such topics as trade barriers, genesis in ethnic and political disputes that are prominent in the Balkan region.
Anti-BEPS Measures and Their Impact on Business Performance of Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Svažič Tatjana
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the harmful tax practices of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the fight of international organizations against them. We focus on the anti-tax base erosion and profit shifting project (anti-BEPS project) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), namely its 15 actions, which we present in the first part of the paper, using descriptive and analytical methods. In the second part, we use critical and synthetic methods to assess how the selected aspects of multinational business will be impacted with described actions. Our conclusions show that MNEs will have to adapt their business structures and plans according to new tax regulations, which will also lower their profit levels due to unavailability of established harmful tax structures for lowering their tax bases. At the same time, our results indicate that the legal approach in introducing new measures on the subject field, lead to legal uncertainty in tax matters. Due to the scope of analysed problems, it was impossible to introduce individual problems in depth; however, we provide readers with the general characteristics and goals of introduced actions that are necessary for understanding our evaluation of their impact on certain fields of international business. Our paper contributes to literature and practice, as it provides general insight into recent and important international tax law developments that enterprises will have to consider when doing business across borders.
Smart Cities Marketing and Its Conceptual Grounds
Authors: Maček Anita , Ovin Rasto , Starc-Peceny Urška
Published: January 2020

The most frequent definition of the smart city in the literature defines it as a developed urban area that creates sustainable economic development and high quality of life. Therefore, a city should always be capable of identifying and effectively resolving its key development challenges in order to improve the quality of life of its citizens. Regarding economics approach, the authors rely on endogenous growth theory derived from Arrow. The authors explore the role of smart city management and governance, which will have to combine the need for capital with the need to ensure the environment that this capital will enhance modern urban producing factors. Hence, the authors discuss communication aspects and the importance of the evolution toward smart communities, where the idea is not on making places smart anymore, but rather focus on humans and their needs. For an emerging smart city, market built up of smaller cities and municipalities describes the changing role of marketing and the shift of roles in its processes in order to show the urge to become familiar with the spirit of open innovation and rethink marketing strategy in this emerging reality.
“As a Native Person,Why Should I Adapt?”:
Authors: Nortio Emma , Renvik Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga
Published: January 2020

Multiculturalism is a controversial concept and a debated topic. To develop scientific analysis and inform political discussions, it is important to study how lay people evaluate it. Previous research has mostly regarded attitudes towards multiculturalism as unidimensional. This research often relies on the operationalisation offered by the Multicultural Ideology Scale (MIS), in which minorities’ cultural maintenance and acceptance of cultural diversity are central. In this multimethod study, we take a critical perspective on such operationalisation and examine majority of Finns’ responses to MIS in a survey and in focus group discussions. By approaching evaluation processes as social interaction, we challenge the unidimensionality assumption of attitudes towards multiculturalism. We show how cultural essentialism and nationalism are used in arguing for and against multiculturalism, and in negotiating its boundaries so that the majority can keep its dominant position. This conflicts with recognition and equality that are widely considered as cornerstones of multiculturalism.
Selected aspects of patients’ functioning before and after desensitization with specific allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Kawalec-Kajstura Ewa , Chomicka Magdalena , Sułkowska Joanna , Puto Grażyna , Kuźmicz Ilona
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Allergic diseases belong to the most important health problems responsible for the incidence of various types of discomfort. The application of specific allergen therapy (SAI) is becoming a more and more frequent method aimed at treating allergic diseases. However, this approach requires a strict adherence to medical treatment, which may affect patients’ quality of life.

Aim. Assessment of quality of life and everyday functioning in the group of patients who underwent a specific allergen therapy.

Material and methods. The study group consisted of 80 adult patients who decided to undergo SAI treatment and were treated in two health care facilities in Małopolska region. The study included an assessment of life quality and selected aspects of functioning (as well as their retrospective assessment). As far as the applied methods are concerned, the study was based on the authors’ own questionnaire and an abbreviated version of the World Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire.

Results. SAI treatment made it possible to reduce both the incidence (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p<0.001) and intensity (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p<0.001) of allergic symptoms. Also the discomfort caused by the allergy was decreased (Me=4.00 to 2.00; p<0.001). Moreover, some improvement in general well-being (Me=4.00 to 5.00; p<0.001) and life satisfaction (Me=4.00 to 5.00; p<0.001) was observed.

Conclusions. Specific allergen immunotherapy seems to be worth considering as it improves patients’ life satisfaction and reduces discomfort caused by the allergy itself.
Medical simulation – innovation in nursing education
Authors: Girzelska Joanna , Guz Ewa , Nieckula Magdalena , Dąbrowski Marek
Published: January 2020

Aim. Analysis of the impact of educational simulation on the level of knowledge, skills and competences of nursing students.

Methods. The research used a non-systematic literature analysis method. Literature was classified for analysis, from which the contents on the impact of educational simulation on the education process of nursing students were selected. During the qualification of the magazines Google Scholar was used. Articles published in electronic databases were used: EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect.

Conclusions. Education conducted using educational simulation in nursing not only increases the level of knowledge, skills and competences of students but also increases the quality of patient care and their security.
Mean-Square Non-Local Stability of Ship in Storm Conditions of Operation
Authors: Nekrasov Valeriy
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the paper is to create a method for studying nonlocal stability in the mean and in the mean square of the ship, positioned on the beam of an intensive wind–waves mode, which is based on the use of the correlation theory of random functions close to continuous Markov processes. With the help of this method and the integral formula of event probability, a method for determining the reliability indicator of the ship in respect of the existing wind–waves excitations of the operating area is formed. An example of investigating the nonlinear motion of the ship, determining its local and nonlocal stability in the first approximation of the theory of considered random functions, is given. Such approximation uses correlation theory with models of acting excitations represented by the generalised derivatives of the Wiener process. Moreover, special attention is paid to reflecting the connection of the proposed methods for investigating the ship stability under constantly acting random excitations with the traditional methods of studying ship stability at small and large inclinations. The established connection defines the proposed methods as a development of the traditional methods of ship stability deterministic theory during the transition to its formation in the class of random functions, with the addition to these methods of the missing link of determining the level of reliability of ships towards the acting wind–waves excitations of the operation area.
Manoeuvring Prediction of KVLCC2 with Hydrodynamic Derivatives Generated by a Virtual Captive Model Test
Authors: Dai Kun , Li Yunbo
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the application of computational fluid dynamics rather than a towing tank test for the prediction of hydrodynamic derivatives using a RANS-based solver. Virtual captive model tests are conducted, including an oblique towing test and circular motion test for a bare model scale KVLCC2 hull, to obtain linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic derivatives in the 3rd-order MMG model. A static drift test is used in a convergence study to verify the numerical accuracy. The computed hydrodynamic forces and derivatives are compared with the available captive model test data, showing good agreement overall. Simulations of standard turning and zigzag manoeuvres are carried out with the computed hydrodynamic derivatives and are compared with available experimental data. The results show an acceptable level of prediction accuracy, indicating that the proposed method is capable of predicting manoeuvring motions.
A Practical Approach to the Assessment of Waterjet Propulsion Performance: The Case of a Waterjet-Propelled Trimaran
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jia-ning , Shang Yu-chen , Dong Guo-xiang , Chen Wei-min
Published: January 2020

To obtain a reasonable evaluation of the performance of waterjet propulsion at the design stage, a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical method is used to calculate the fundamental parameters of waterjet propulsion performance using an iterative approach. To calculate the ship’s resistance, a boundary element method based on three-dimensional potential flow theory is used to solve the wave-making resistance, and an empirical approach is used to evaluate the viscous resistance. Finally, the velocity and pressure of the capture area of the waterjet propulsion control volume are solved based on turbulent boundary layer theory. The iteration equation is established based on the waterjet-hull force-balance equation, and the change in the ship’s attitude and the local loss of the intake duct are considered. The performance parameters of waterjet propulsion, such as resistance, waterjet thrust, thrust deduction, and the physical quantity of the control volume, are solved by iteration. In addition, a PID-controlled free-running ship model is simulated using the RANS CFD method as a comparison. We apply the proposed approach and the RANS CFD method to a waterjet-propelled trimaran model, and the simulation process and the results are presented and discussed. Although there are some differences between the two methods in terms of the local pressure distribution and thrust deduction, the relative error in the evaluation results for the waterjet propulsion performance is generally reasonable and acceptable. This indicates that the present method can be used at the early stages of ship design without partial information about the waterjet propulsion system, and especially in the absence of a physical model of the pump.
A Method to Determine the Tightening Sequence for Standing Rigging of a Mast
Authors: Samson Leszek , Kahsin Maciej
Published: January 2020

The article proposes an alternative method to determine the sequence of generation of pre-tension forces in standing rigging of a mast. The proposed approach has been verified on both a virtual simulation experiment and laboratory tests. In this method, the desired tension values are obtained using the influence matrix which allows to calculate the effect of tension change in an individual rope on the tension distribution in the remaining ropes in the system. Unlike the presently used method, in which the desired tension distribution is obtained in a long-lasting iterative process burdened with relatively large errors of final values, the proposed method makes it possible to achieve the final tension distribution in a finite number of steps. In the case of FEM analyses, the new method can be a useful tool for determining an arbitrary distribution of tension forces in ropes via solving a system of linear equations.
Selected Issues of Hybrid Outboard Motors
Authors: Leśniewski Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research reported in the article was designing a hybrid drive system based on an outboard internal combustion engine offered by a selected producer and testing its operating characteristics. The article presents different designs of this type of drive which can be found in the literature and are available in the market. The designed hybrid outboard drive system was tested both on the laboratory test rig and in real operating conditions. The results of these tests are included.
Aerodynamic Performance of a New Double-Flap Wing Sail
Authors: Li Dongqin , Zhang Yili , Li Peng , Dai Jingjing , Li Guohuan
Published: January 2020

As a type of natural energy resource, wind power is used in the modern implementation of wind-assisted technologies as a method for reducing the fuel consumption and environmental pollution of ocean-going ships. In order to promote the full usage of ocean wind energy for cargo ships, an innovative type of ship propulsion-assisted wing sail is proposed in this paper. The propulsion efficiency of this new wing sail can be increased by enlarging its area in both the transverse and vertical directions in good weather conditions, and it can be folded up automatically in poor weather conditions, improving the sailing safety of the ship. The sail parameters relating to the gaps and rotation angles between different parts of the wing sail are compared, and the values giving the best aerodynamic performance are identified using CFD simulation technology. The results for the lift and drag coefficients for the new wing sail at different attack angles are also compared with those of traditional aerofoil sails, including an arc-shaped rigid sail and a variable-camber sail proposed in 2015. From the viewpoint of the sailing performance of the vessel, our results demonstrate that this new type of wing sail has good aerodynamic performance and can reduce fuel costs for commercial vessels.
Framework of an Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimisation Method for Planning a Safe Trajectory for a Marine Autonomous Surface Ship
Authors: Szłapczyński Rafał , Ghaemi Hossein
Published: January 2020

This paper represents the first stage of research into a multi-objective method of planning safe trajectories for marine autonomous surface ships (MASSs) involved in encounter situations. Our method applies an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation (EMO) approach to pursue three objectives: minimisation of the risk of collision, minimisation of fuel consumption due to collision avoidance manoeuvres, and minimisation of the extra time spent on collision avoidance manoeuvres. Until now, a fully multi-objective optimisation has not been applied to the real-time problem of planning safe trajectories; instead, this optimisation problem has usually been reduced to a single aggregated cost function covering all objectives. The aim is to develop a method of planning safe trajectories for MASSs that is able to simultaneously pursue the three abovementioned objectives, make decisions in real time and without interaction with a human operator, handle basic types of encounters (in open or restricted waters, and in good or restricted visibility) and guarantee compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. It should also be mentioned that optimisation of the system based on each criterion may occur at the cost of the others, so a reasonable balance is applied here by means of a configurable trade-off. This is done throughout the EMO process by means of modified Pareto dominance rules and by using a multi-criteria decision-making phase to filter the output Pareto set and choose the final solution
Review of Weather Forecast Services for Ship Routing Purposes
Authors: Życzkowski Marcin , Szłapczyńska Joanna , Szłapczyński Rafał
Published: January 2020

Weather data is nowadays used in a variety of navigational and ocean engineering research problems: from the obvious ones like voyage planning and routing of sea-going vessels, through the analysis of stability-related phenomena, to detailed modelling of ships’ manoeuvrability for collision avoidance purposes. Apart from that, weather forecasts are essential for passenger cruises and fishing vessels that want to avoid the risk associated with severe hydro-meteorological conditions. Currently, there is a wide array of services that offer weather predictions. These services include the original sources – services that make use of their own infrastructure and research models – as well as those that further postprocess the data obtained from the original sources. The existing services also differ in their update frequency, area coverage, geographical resolution, natural phenomena taken into account and finally – output file formats. In the course of the ROUTING project, primarily addressing ship weather routing accounting for changeable weather conditions, the necessity arose to prepare a report on the state-of-the-art in numerical weather prediction (NWP) modelling. Based on the report, this paper offers a thorough review of the existing weather services and detailed information on how to access the data offered by these services. While this review has been done with transoceanic ship routing in mind, hopefully it will also be useful for a number of other applications, including the already mentioned collision avoidance solutions.
Hybrid Finite Element Method Development for Offshore Structures’ Calculation with the Implementation of Industry Standards
Authors: Łubiński Jacek , Olszewski Henryk
Published: January 2020

In the design process of offshore steel structures, it is typical to employ commercial calculation codes in which simulation and evaluation of results are performed on the basis of the available standards (e.g. API, DNV, Lloyds). The modeling and solution rely on finite element methods and cover the simulation of the structure’s properties along with the influence of the marine environment – sea currents, wave and wind loading, as well as the influence of vibrations, buoyancy and accompanying mass of water. Both commercial and open source mathematical modeling software which is available nowadays allows for cost effective and flexible implementation of advanced models for offshore industrial structures with high level of credibility and safety. The models can be built to suit task-specific requirements and evaluated on the basis of the selected criterial system best suited to the needs of the customer. Examples of methodology for environmental and structural model development are presented, along with simulation results covering a wide scope of data, ranging from stress and deformation to resonant characteristics and issues of technological feasibility.
Autonomous Platform to Protect Maritime Infrastructure Facilities
Authors: Kozaczka Eugeniusz , Grelowska Grażyna
Published: January 2020

Problems regarding the security of maritime infrastructure, especially harbours and offshore infrastructure, are currently a very hot topic. Due to these problems, there are some research projects in which the main goal is to decrease the gap and improve the methods of observation in the chosen area, for both in-air and underwater areas. The main goal of the paper is to show a new complex system for improving the security of the maritime infrastructure by means of many methods of observation – such as thermovision, optical devices, and radar systems – generally by means of an electromagnetic wave as a carrier of information in the air and acoustical methods in water. The system can be applied to the protection of maritime infrastructure as well as the coastal zone.
Stability Analysis of the Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structure of Cell Spar Type during its Installation
Authors: Dymarski Paweł , Dymarski Czesław , Ciba Ewelina
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of selected works related to the wider subject of the research conducted at the Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology of the Gdansk University of Technology, which concerns design and technology of construction, towing, and settlement on the seabed, or anchoring, of supporting structures for offshore wind farms. As a result of this research, several designs of this type of objects were developed, including two stationary types: gravitational and Jack-up, which are placed on the seabed, and two floating types: TLP and SPAR, anchored with tendons and anchors in the form of nailed or suction piles. Below presented is the stability analysis of the new floating CELL SPAR type support structure for offshore wind turbines during its installation in waters with a depth of over 65 m.
Blade Section Profile Array Lifting Surface Design Method for Marine Screw Propeller Blade
Authors: Król Przemysław
Published: January 2020

The lifting surface model is widely used in screw propeller design and analysis applications. It serves as a reliable tool for determination of the propeller blade mean line and pitch distribution. The main idea of this application was to determine the blade shape that would satisfy the kinematic boundary condition on its surface with the prescribed bound circulation distribution over it. In this paper a simplified lifting surface method is presented – in which the 3D task for the entire blade is replaced by a set of 2D tasks for subsequent blade section profiles.
Investigation of the Combustion Processes in the Gas Turbine Module of an FPSO Operating on Associated Gas Conversion Products
Authors: Cherednichenko Oleksandr , Serbin Serhiy , Dzida Marek
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider the issue of thermo-chemical heat recovery of waste heat from gas turbine engines for the steam conversion of associated gas for offshore vessels. Current trends in the development of offshore infrastructure are identified, and the composition of power plants for mobile offshore drilling units and FPSO vessels is analyzed. We present the results of a comparison of power-to-volume ratio, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency for diesel and gas turbine power modules of various capacities. Mathematical modeling methods are used to analyze the parameters of an alternative gas turbine unit based on steam conversion of the associated gas, and the estimated efficiency of the energy module is shown to be 50%. In the modeling of the burning processes, the UGT 25000 serial low emission combustor is considered, and a detailed analysis of the processes in the combustor is presented, based on the application of a 35-reaction chemical mechanism. We confirm the possibility of efficient combustion of associated gas steam conversion products with different compositions, and establish that stable operation of the gas turbine combustor is possible when using fuels with low calorific values in the range 7–8 MJ/kg. It is found that the emissions of NOx and CO during operation of a gas turbine engine on the associated gas conversion products are within acceptable limits.
Design and Operational Innovations in Adapting the Existing Merchant River Fleet to Cost-Effective Shipping
Authors: Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa , Burciu Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

Modernisation of the existing river fleet adapted for the local conditions of the Middle and Lower Vistula can be considered as a solution to slow down the progressive decrease of river transport in this area. The implementation of technical improvements, smart technologies and enhancement of transport performance may partially solve the problem of growing demand for multimodal transport of containers and oversized loads in a shorter perspective than the expected period of planned revitalisation of the river. The paper presents investigations on the modernisation of river convoys adapted to the current navigational conditions of the Lower Vistula. The different options have been discussed by the authors with river fleet operators and the best recognised solution was agreed to be the use of river convoys combining modernised motor barges and the pushed barges previously used in this area. Improvement of the transport profitability, reduction of fuel consumption, air pollution and noise can be achieved at minimum costs by modernisation of the main power-propulsion systems of outdated motor barges and the implementation of innovative steering systems on pushed barges. The demand for power-propulsion and manoeuvring performance of modernised convoys is discussed in the paper.
Displaying Labeled Quantitative Data
Authors: Kozak Marcin
Published: January 2020

The information world is full of labeled quantitative data, in which a number of qualitative cat-egories are to be compared based on a quantitative variable. Their graphical representations arevarious and serve different audiences and purposes. Based on a simple data set and its different vi-sualizations, we will play with the data and their visual representation. We will use well-known charts,such as a regular table, a bar plot, and a word cloud; less-know, such as Cleveland’s dot plot, a fanplot, and a text-table; and new ones, constructed for the very aim of this essay, such as a labeledrectangle plot and a ruler-like graph. Our discussion will not aim to choose the best graph but ratherto show the different faces of visualizing labeled quantitative data. I hope to convince the readers thatit is always worth spending a minute on pondering how to present their data.
On the Way to Online Communication. On the Content and the Language of “Nowy Akapit” Magazine
Authors: Kuraś-Szczepanek Klaudia
Published: January 2020

The following article is devoted to the discussion about the structure, linguistic phenomenaand genres occurring in the newspaper edited by the students of Polish Philology at the University ofRzeszów, who belong to the Student Journalists’ Club. Besides discussing topics of interest to youngpeople, the article also describes the language used by the editors of the magazine, including refer-ences to poetry, songs or advertising slogans. Furthermore, press genres presented in the journalare briefly discussed. Finally, the article also draws attention to the readership of the press in Poland.