bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHORT COMMUNICATION: THE EFFECT OF TANNIN SOLUTION IN PERFORMING SUCCESFULL EGG MICROINJECTION ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ath-thar Muhammad Hunaina Fariduddin , Sumantadinata Komar , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: October 2016

In order to successfully perform a gene transfer activity using microinjection, an individual egg is needed. The common standard operating procedure to collect the individual egg is by applying chemical solution to remove the sticky layer covering the egg surface. Among several available solutions, tannin is one of alternative substances that can be used in performing egg microinjection on African catfish. In this study, the effect of different dosages of tannin solution to remove the sticky layer of eggs was observed. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fish Breeding and Genetics, Bogor Agricultural University. Prior to microinjection, the eggs were treated with different dosages of tannin solution right after fertilization. There were four different levels of dosage used as the treatments i.e.: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 ppm. After the treatments, each individual egg was injected using DNA pmâactin-hrGFP plasmid with a concentration of 20 μg/mL. The results showed that the dosage of 0.5 ppm of tannin was the most effective treatment compared to the other dosages. This dosage produced 71.4% hatching rate and 57.1% transgenic embryos respectively.
PERFORMANCES OF POPULATIONS OF SEX REVERSED TILAPIA AND GENETICALLY MALE TILAPIA IN FINGERLING PONDS
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Listiyowati Nunuk , Himawan Yogi
Published: October 2016

One of the most popular techniques in mass production of all or nearly all male tilapia population is through sex reversal. However, cross mating of YY super male with regular brood-stock is gaining popularity and has been practiced by aqua-culturists. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 2 populations of sex reversed tilapia (sex reversed with dietary application of 17-α methyl testosterone, SRT-1, and sex reversed with dietary administration of imidazole, SRT-2) and 1 population of genetically male tilapia (GMT) derived from YY super male until the end of fingerling rearing period. Mixed sex tilapia (MST) derived from normal mating was used as the control population. The results showed that the daily growth rates of SRT-1, SRT-2, GMT, and MST were 0.12, 0.11, 0.20, and 0.07 g/day, with survival rates were 57.83%, 64.67%, 39.67%, and 68.78%, respectively. The GMT has higher harvest yield than the other populations; SRT-1 (+15.73%), SRT-2 (+6.37%), and MST (+20.82%).
RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) FINGERPRINTING OF SIX INDONESIAN POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Imron Imron , Sunandar Dadan , Susilowati Rini , Suprapto Rommy , Khasani Ikhsan
Published: October 2016

Indonesia is rich of giant fresh water prawn (GFP) germ plasms. Best utilization of these resources for the purpose of either aquaculture development or conservation of genetic resources requires some information on the structure and levels of their genetic diversity. This study was aimed to characterize those GFP genetic resources by applying RAPD genetic markers. Six Indonesian populations of GFP from Asahan, Barito, Ciasem, Ogan, GImacro and Papua were collected and analyzed for their genetic variation using five RAPD primers. The results showed the diversity within the populations, as revealed by the level of polymorphism, ranged from 29% to 76% while genetic divergence between populations as shown by genetic distance ranged from 0.04 to 0.50. In terms of genetic divergence, two genetically distinct groups of GFP, namely the Papua GFP in one group and the remaining five GFP populations in the other, were identified. The results also showed the presence of specific population markers that are useful for genetic identification of GFP populations. Implication of these finding with regard to breed development is discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF GRUNT FIN (GF) CELLS TREATED WITH RED SEA BREAM IRIDOVIRUS (RSIV; family Iridoviridae, genus Megalocytivirus) IN COMBINATIONS WITH INTERFERONS AND SPLENIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Miyazaki Teruo
Published: October 2016

The genus Megalocytivirus in the family of Iridoviridae encompasses isolate of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). In the present study, grunt fin (GF) cells were treated with red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) in combinations with interferons (IFNs) and splenic substances. The viral titer in the combination with primary splenic substance was higher than the other combinations of 10-1 and 10-2 diluted splenic substances, and the positive control. The viral titer was not decreased by all combinations with recombinant murine interferon-α (rMuIFN-α), recombinant murine IFN-β (rMuIFN-β), and recombinant feline interferon-ω (rFeIFN-ω). Electron microscopy revealed inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs) and enlarged cells allowing virus propagation within the intracytoplasmic virus assembly site (VAS). Most were enlarged cells. These enlarged cells were divided into three cell types. Cells of Type II, which contained many mature virions within the VAS, were numerous in number in all treated cells. Cells of Type I allowing assembly of few virions and cells of Type III containing many immature viral particles were rather fewer in number. Their percentage was almost the same in all combinations with the splenic substances and IFNs. These results determined in in vitro treatment with IFNs did not prevent viral replication of RSIV, as well as the splenic substances which were derived from the RSIV-infected spleen of red sea bream did not contain any factors to disturb RSIV replication.
SEX DIFFERENTIATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE TRIALS OF TWO GENOTYPES OF TILAPIA ADMINISTERED WITH ANDROGENIC HORMONE
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Sumantadinata Komar , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to know the effect of dietary administration of androgenic hormone methyltestosterone on two sex genotypes of Nile tilapia i.e. XX and XY genotype, especially to sex ratio, growth rate, survival rate, food conversion ratio and harvest yield. XX genotype was obtained from XX male matted with XX normal female, and XY genotype was obtained from YY super-male matted with XX normal female. Methyltestosterone was administered seven days after larvae hatching for 28 days. After that, the fish were reared in hapas for 60 days and then placed in growout ponds for 120 days period. As check population, mixed sex genotype was used consisting of 50% XX genotype and 50% XY genotype. The result showed that dietary administration of methyltestosterone in XX genotype significantly increased male proportion about 82.42%, compared with control XX population (7.55%). The same treatment in genotype XY did not significantly increase the proportion of male (85.13%), compared with control XY population (79.81%). In grow-out ponds, all male population (XY genotype and sex reversed from XX genotype) have better growth rate than all female and mixed sex populations. Dietary administration of methyltestosterone in both of XX and XY genotypes increased growth rate of these populations resulting in the increased of total biomass at harvest time.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT QUALITY PELLETED FEEDS ON THE GROWTH OF GREEN CATFISH (Hemibagrus nemurus) IN FLOATING NET CAGE
Authors: Suhenda Ningrum , Samsudin Reza , Nugroho Estu , Kristanto Anang Hari
Published: October 2016

The study was conducted to evaluate the different protein content of fish feed on the growth performance of green catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus). Two thousand fingerlings averaging 3.92±0.32 g of individual body weight were stocked in each floating net cage (3 m x 3 m x 3 m) in Musi River, South Sumatra. They were fed daily for four months with feed protein content of 27% and 31%. The feed was given in pelleted form at 4%-8% of the total body weight. The result showed that the feed with 31% protein content gave better performance and significant different (P<0.05) than 27% protein feed. The feed content 31% protein was optimum for green catfish fingerlings and gave higher average individual weight gain (80.48 g), specific growth rate (2.67%), fat retention (29.48%) and better feed conversion ratio (2.28). Survival rates were the same for 2 treatments and ranged between 94.17%-95.18%.
PERFORMANCE AND HETEROTIC ESTIMATION OF GROWTH IN INTRASPECIFIC CROSSING OF GIANT GOURAMY
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Listiyowati Nunuk
Published: October 2016

Intraspecific crossing of giant gouramy was done to get better hybrid population. This study was conducted to evaluate the hybrid vigour or heterotic value of the hybrids line, especially for growth rate character. Besides that, we want to know the effect of hybridization on performance of phenotypic variability. Two days post hatching age larvae of four populations i.e. Bastar and Blue-saphire strain, F-1 hybrid and F-1 hybrid reciprocal, were used in this experiment. All fish were reared in aquaria for 30 days period in indoor hatchery. The fish were fed with live food such as Moina and Daphnia for the first ten days, followed by Tubifex for the second ten days and finally, commercial feed were given until the end of the study. The collected data were total length, standard length, and body weight of each population. The results showed that the phenotypic variability of the hybrid population was higher than that of inbred population. Hybrid population from female of Bastar and male of Blue-saphire has better growth than both of its parents. Heterotic values of total length, standard length, and body weight of the hybrid population was 9.5%, 2.9%, and 15.6% respectively. Maternal effect was detected in hybrid population.
PHYLOGENETIC TREE ON LERNAEOSIS IN ARWANA FISH (Scleropages jardinii)
Authors: Shatrie Dikry Novel , Kurniasih Kurniasih , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Triyanto Triyanto
Published: October 2016

Arwana Irian fish is one of the endangered species. Some studies on arwana Irian fish found that Lernaeosis attacked arwana Irian fish. Lernaeosis is one of the diseases that cause the high mortality in juvenile fish. The objectives of this research was to find out the species of Lernaea (Copepoda) often attacked arwana Irian fish. Lernaea sp. was collected from Papua and Jakarta (Java). They were fixed in the ethanol absolute solution for DNA sequencing in 28S DNA region with primer 28SF (5’–ACA ACT GTG ATG CCC TTA G–3’); 28SR (5’ TGG TCC GTG TTT CAA GAC G–3’). It was found five different species of Lernaea and one of them was thought as a new species, based on the morphology. However, based on the phylogenetic analysis, they showed three different groups. Lernaea cyprinacea G., L. papuensis, L. devastatrix, and L. lophiara were in one group; L. cyprinacaea and L. oryzophila were in one groups; and the new Lernaea sp. was in the different group.
THE UTILIZATION OF THE KINDS OF LIVE FOOD ON CLOWN LOACH FISH JUVENILES (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker)
Authors: Meilisza Nina , Hirnawati Rina , Rohmy Sulasy , Priyadi Agus , Slembrouck Jacques
Published: October 2016

Domestication and mass production technology of clown loaches fish have been developed by the Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok and the Institute de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). In the process, some constraints has been found and one of them was the cost of production and sustainable supply of Artemia as the only one of live food which used for clown loaches post-larvae until 2-3 months old juvenile. To solve this constraints, the use of other live feed as a substitute or replacement of Artemia should be applied, caused by it research of the utilization of the kinds of live food on clown loach juvenile need to be done. This research aims to determine the kinds of live food which be recommended for the substitution of Artemia on clown loaches fish juvenile (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker). Research carried out using 1 month old clown loach juveniles designed into the Complete Randomized Design in two factors namely are class of fish size S (35-50 mg), M (55-70 mg), L (75-90 mg) and the kinds of live food in the form of Artemia as a control, Moina, mini maggot, blood worms (Chironomus), and silk worms (Tubifex). Three levels treatment by class of fish size factor and five levels treatment by the kinds of live food factor produce 15 kinds of interactions with duplications. The research was conducted at recirculation system for 8 weeks to 3 months old juveniles. Observations were carried and measuring the growth parameters including weight, total length of fish, as well as survival rate parameters based on the number of fish that live at the end of the research. The support is done by measuring the water quality of pH, DO, temperature, ammonia, conductivity, and nitrites, proximate analysis of feed also performed. The two of research step analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued by Tukey test.
MANIPULATION OF INCEPTISOLS POND BOTTOM SOIL THROUGH ADDITION OF ULTISOLS AND VERTISOLS FOR REARING OF RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.) LARVAE
Authors: Hasibuan Saberina , Kertonegoro Bambang Djadmo , Nitimulyo Kamiso Handoyo , Hanudin Eko
Published: October 2016

The pond bottom soil of Inceptisols mixed with Ultisols (I-U) and Vertisols (I-G) with the proportion of (70:30); (50:50); (30:70) showed the improvement of clay fractions >30% compared with the control (100% Inceptisols). These mixtures were given basal fertilizer (quail droppings manure with dosage of 2 tons/ha/month), Urea, and SP36. Cultivation system was divided into two stocked: fish ponds with 50 fish/m2 and ponds without fish. The best mix with the basal fertilizer was further treated with fertilization treatment (1 ton/ha/month of quail droppings manure) 3 times within 42 days of larval rearing. Physical and chemical soil analyses showed an increase of total soil porosity (> 50%), decrease of SG, BD, and permeability (medium), pH > 5, the CEC > 20 cmol (+) kg-1, and the C/N ratio < 6.5. The proportion of the best mix of 30% I : 70% U and 50% I : 50% G with 3 times of the fertilization frequency gave significant improvement of water quality, chlorophyll-a, diversity of plankton, benthic algae, fish growth, and total biomass. The presence of mineral montmorillonite on a mixture of 50% I : 50% G was a very good sign of the bottom soil fertility.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BRACKISHWATER POND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN PEKALONGAN CITY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Asaad Andi Indrajaya , Mustafa Akhmad
Published: October 2016

Spatial distribution of brackishwater pond soil has a vital role in the system of bioenvironment including brackishwater pond environment. This research was aimed to determine the spatial distribution of brackishwater pond soil characteristics in Pekalongan City, Central Java Province. A total of 59 sampling points each with two different soil depth samplings were determined by simple random method. A total of 21 soil characteristics were measured in the field and analyzed further in the laboratory. Geostatistic with Kriging Interpolation method in the ArcGIS 9.3 software were used to depict the distribution of the data across the landscape. Furthermore, the spatial distribution was presented by using ALOS AVNIR-2 image. Research result indicates that in general, pond soil in Pekalongan City can be classified as soil with high variability or relatively heterogenic with the value of variation coefficient more than 36%. Soil characteristics which have similar pattern of spatial distribution are acid sulfate soil and soil nutrient content. High value of pH, organic matter, and total-N of soil, and on the other hand, low value of PO4 were generally found in the pond area of Krapyak Lor Village, while in Pekalongan City, it was found high clayish soil content but relatively homogenous. It is recommended that pond management must be based on soil characteristics which are different from one area to another. The soil characteristics itself can be drawn and assessed through spatial distribution.
THE EFFECT OF AERATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MICROALGAE CONCENTRATE
Authors: Aji Ludi Parwadani
Published: October 2016

Microalgae concentrates (paste) can be used as an alternative feed to replace live microalgae for aquaculture due to its nutritional value and convenience. However, the clumping of cells and negative buoyancy of algae concentrate can affect bivalve culture as bivalves only capture particles suspended in the water and ingest a certain size range of particles. This study investigated the effects of aeration on the distribution of algae particles in a 500 L rearing tank. The results indicated that the number of algae paste particles was higher in the aerated tanks compared to the non-aerated tanks over 24 hours. Time lapsed had a significant effect on the number of particles after the addition of algae concentrate into the tanks. The number of particles in the aerated and non-aerated tank was relatively stable from 1 to 10 hours and then declined after 24 hours. Furthermore, tank depth had no significant effect on the number of particles distributed as the number of particles did not differ significantly at three different depths within the culture tanks.
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING Lactobacillus ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL RATE AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY OF Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Nafiqoh Nunak , Chang Poh-Shing , Wang Yu-Chi
Published: October 2016

This study examined the effect of two Lactobacillus bacteria on protease activity and growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei. An experiment was conducted to examine protease activity and growth rate. The experiment consisted of two treatment tanks, the first tank was provided with artemia immersed in 2.6 x 1016 cfu/mL of bacteria solution, the second tank served as the control tank. After 20 days, the L. vannamei in the tank that received Lactobacillus have significantly different in growth, survival rate and protease activity (P<0.05) compared to the control, but no significant difference between Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum treatments. Within the digestive organ, protease activity of hepatopancreas and stomach demonstrated significant higher activity (P<0.05) compared to the intestine.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT CELLS TO RED SEA BREAM IRIDOVIRUS (RSIV)
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Mastuti Indah
Published: October 2016

RSIV is an isolate virus in the genus Megalocytivirus (family Iridoviridae) that has been reported to be pathogen in more than 31 marine fish species in East Asia. The aim of study was to know the susceptibility of several cultured cells to RSIV. RSIV inoculum was inoculated onto cultured cells and then incubated in 25oC. Routine observation of cytopatic effect (CPE) was carried out for 7 days and harvested cells were prepared for virus titration and electron microscopy (EM). The result showed that RSIV grew and propagated in GF (grunt fin), KF-1 (koi fin) and BF-2 (barfin flounder) which caused cytophatic effect as cel ls enlargement. However, RSIV did not propagated on EPC (epithelioma papulosum cyprini), FHM (feathed minnow) and EK-1 (eel kidney) cells. The virus titer were 105.3 TCID50/mL in GF cells, 103.8 and 4.3 TCID50/mL in KF-1, 103.6 and 3.8 TCID50/mL in BF-2, and 7 102.1 TCID50/mL in EPC, FHM and EK-1. The EM observation revealed formation of enlarged cells containing hexagonal virus particles with 140-160 nm in diameter. These results indicated that GF was cultured cell to be optimal for replication of isolate RSIV derived from Ise bay, Mie, Japan.
THE DIGESTIVE TRACT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TIGER GROUPER Epinephelus fuscoguttatus LARVAE TREATED WITH THYROXINE HORMONE
Authors: Muzaki Ahmad , Mahardika Ketut , Mastuti Indah , Andriyanto Wawan , Asih Yasmina Nirmala , Wardana Ida Komang
Published: October 2016

Thyroxin administration in tiger grouper larval rearing was conducted to determine its effect on development of digestive tract of the larvae. Newly hatched larvae were treated with 0 mg/L (control), 0.1 mg/L, and 0.2 mg/L of thyroxin for 2 hours in a 30 L tank before were transferred into a 1 m3 rearing tank. Samples were collected daily until 10 DAH and every 3 days until 40 DAH. Development of digestive tract was observed using histological method. For all treatments, the digestive tract was the same on 1 DAH and 2 DAH. The digestive tract of 1 DAH larvae was still closed and still in the form of a simple tube. The mouth, buccopharynx, liver, pancreas, and rectum were found on 2 DAH. On 3 DAH, the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus started to develop. At this stage, the digestive tract of larvae treated with and without thyroxin started to become distinguishable. Several goblet cells were noticed in the rectum of the treated larvae but not in the control. Digestive tract developed earlier in treated larvae compared to the control group, such as appearance of tongue, gill raker, fundic, and cardiac stomach development, formation of pharyngeal tooth, and gastric gland. Metamorphosis of larvae into juvenile on treated larvae occurred than that the control larvae earlier.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON INTERNAL ORGANS DEVELOPMENT OF MANGROVE SNAPPER, Lutjanus argentimaculatus LARVAE
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Mastuti Indah , Melianawati Regina , Zafran Zafran
Published: October 2016

Mangrove snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus is one of highly economic value of marine fish commodity. Culture of this species has been developed a few years ago. Basic data on biological aspect is still limited whereas those kinds of information are needed. Histological study to determine development of internal organs of the larvae of mangrove snapper was conducted. Amount of 15-20 larvae each from 1 day after DAH hatching (1 DAH) up to 30 days after hatching (30 DAH) were collected, fixed in Bouin’s solution for 4-6 hours and then transferred into 70% alcohol. The samples were then embedded in paraffin wax and the sections were stained with haematoxylineosin (H&E). Results showed that the eye retina of the mangrove snapper larvae well developed on 3 DAH, whereas their digestive tract was on 5 DAH. Under this condition, the larvae started feeding as showed by present of natural food tissues in the intestine. Development of digestive tract and other internal organs reached their complete form like in adult fish after 20 DAH.
GONAD REMATURATION ON Pangasionodon hypophthalmus FEMALE THROUGH INJECTION OF PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
Authors: Tahapari Evi , Darmawan Jadmiko , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Pamungkas Wahyu , Marnis Huria
Published: October 2016

The success of spawning is influenced by internal and external factors. One of the factors that affect the var iabi li ty of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus female reproductive is the change of seasons that cause disrupted continuity of the seed availability, especially in the dry season. In the present study, combination of PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin) + HCG (hormone chorionic gonadotropin) hormone injections was done to induce gonad development. The treatments in this study were without hormone injections as control (A), injection of PMSG 10 IU/kg + HCG 10 IU/kg (B), and injection of PMSG 20 IU/kg HCG + 10 IU/kg (C). Injections were conducted at intervals of two weeks as many as six times. The results showed that gonad maturation generally occurs 2-4 weeks after estradiol-17 peak. PMSG + HCG hormone injections gave a significant effect on increasing the quantity and quality of eggs production. The fecundity in the A, B, C treatments, were 233,700±220,676; 300,305±24,581 and 488,433±142,228; respectively. Number of larvae produced from the A, B, C treatments, were 156,979±170,838; 229,997±18,081 and 362,713±101,850; respectively. Combination of PMSG 20 IU/kg + HCG 10 IU/kg hormone injection gave the best result on fecundity and the number of larvae production.
PENGUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL SEBAGAI LANDASAN PENGELOLAAN PERIKANANPERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI SUMATERA
Authors: Oktaviani Dian , Prianto Eko , Puspasari Reny
Published: October 2016

Kearifan lokal merupakan suatu nilai budaya yang tidak terlepas dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia dan diakui keberadaannya oleh hukum negara. Kearifan lokal yang masih berlakudi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Sumatera terkait dengan pengelolaan perikanan perairan umum daratan terdiri dari lelang lebak lebung (Sumatera Selatan), lubuk larangan (Jambi dan Sumatera Barat), rantau larangan (Riau), ma’uwo (Riau), dan upacara semah terubuk (Riau).Dari kelima kearifan lokal tersebut, lubuk larangan termasuk sistem pengelolaannya sudah menjadi salah satu kegiatan pemerintah sampai di tingkat nasional.Penguatan kearifan lokal dengan kajian ilmiah dapat menjadikan kearifan lokal sebagai bagian dari sistem pengelolaan perikanan yang efektif dan efisien berbasis masyarakat.Kajian ilmiah terhadap kearifan lokal yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan perikanan dapat didekati dengan etnobiologi (analisis emik dan analisis etik).Selanjutnya, kearifan lokal dapat diperkuat secara hukum dan perundang-undangan yang berlaku secara nasional.

Local wisdom is a cultural value that can not be separated from the life of the Indonesian people and its existence is recognized by state law. Local wisdoms found in Sumatra related to inland fisheries management are lebak lebung (South Sumatra), lubuk larangan (Jambi and West Sumatra), rantau larangan (Riau), ma'uwo (Riau), and upacara semah terubuk (Riau).Lubuk larangan including its management system has become one of the government's activities to the national level. Strengthening local wisdom with scientific studies can make it is as part of effective and efficient community-based fisheries management system. Scientific studies on local wisdom related to fisheries management could be analyzed by applying ethnobiology approach (emic and etic analysis).
PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK IKAN MAS RAJADANU MELALUI SELEKSI
Authors: Radona Deni , Asih Sidih , Subagja Jojo , Gustiano Rudhy
Published: October 2016

Ikan mas rajadanu mempunyai karakter cepat tumbuh dan tahan penyakit. Selective breeding merupakan salah satu upaya dalam peningkatan mutu induk dan benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respons pertumbuhan dan nilai heritabilitas pada ikan mas rajadanu (F-3) yang berpotensi tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan generasi sebelumnya (F-2). Pembentukan ikan mas rajadanu F-3 dilakukan dengan metode hierarki (satu jantan membuahi empat betina). Pengujian respons seleksi dilakukan terhadap benih hasil pemijahan induk ikan mas rajadanu F-2 yang terseleksi. Terbentuk sebanyak 25 famili dan dipelihara secara terpisah selama 160 hari pada kolam beton ukuran 1,5 m x 1 m dengan ketinggian air 60 cm. Kolam digunakan sebanyak 25 buah. Respons seleksi dihitung dengan melihat nilai rata-rata pertumbuhan F-3 dibandingkan dengan F-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukan performa ikan mas rajadanu F-3 memiliki nilai respons seleksi (14,20 g); nilai heritabilitas (0,60); pertambahan bobot (41,63 ± 10,51 g); dan pertambahan panjang (9,86 ± 1,43 cm).

Rajadanu carp strain have character of fast growing and disease resistant. Selective breeding is one of an attempts can be appllied to improve the broodstock and seed quality genetically. This research was aims to see response of growth and heritability value of F-3 on carp rajadanu that potentially grow faster compared with previous generation (F-2). The F-3 carp rajadanu was designated with hierarchy method (one males fertilize four female). The F-3 was derived from F-2 and formed 25 families. Those families were maintained for 160 days on pond with size of 1.5 m x 1 m and water depth of 60 cm. The response selection was calculated by choosing the best individuals of each based on ADG (averange daily growth). The research result show that the values of response selection was 14.20 g, heritability value of 0.60, weight, and length gain were 41.63 g and 9.86 cm, respectively.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DALAM USAHA PEMBESARAN UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man)
Authors: Khasani Ikhsan
Published: October 2016

Budidaya udang galah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat, khususnya pada sektor pembesaran. Namun demikian, pada kondisi di lapangan masih sering muncul berbagai kendala, disebabkan belum tersosialisasikan sistem budidaya dan kurangnya penguasaan teknologi spesifik dalam budidaya udang galah. Oleh karena itu, sosialisasi teknologi tepat guna dalam mendukung perkembangan udang galah menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam rangka lebih dimengertinya sistem budidaya udang galah. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas dalam usaha pembesaran udang galah dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan intensivikasi pemeliharaan dan pengembangan sentra budidaya.
LOBSTER AIR TAWAR (Parastacidae: Cherax), ASPEK BIOLOGI, HABITAT, PENYEBARAN, DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGANNYA
Authors: Kurniasih Titin
Published: October 2016

Lobster air tawar (genus Cherax) berasal dari Australia, Papua New Guinea, dan Irian Jaya, dengan spesies yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu spesiesnya yang bernilai ekonomis paling tinggi adalah Cherax quadricarinatus (red claw). Habitat Cherax adalah perairan tawar yang dangkal, dengan substrat berlumpur dan banyak terdapat celah serta rongga untuk menyembunyikan diri. Kelebihan terbaiknya adalah teknik budidayanya yang relatif mudah, toleransi terhadap lingkungan cukup tinggi dengan masalah penyakit yang relatif sedikit. Hanya disayangkan hingga saat ini perkembangan kegiatan budidaya Cherax masih sangat terbatas.
PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN DIAGNOSA ELISA DAN HPLC UNTUK DETEKSI TOKSIN DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH POISONING PADA KEKERANGAN
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Peranginangin Rosmawaty
Published: October 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan diagnosa dari ELISA dan HPLC dalam mendeteksi toksin Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning pada kekerangan. Asam okadaik dideteksi menggunakan DSP Quick Check Test Kit ELISA sedangkan HPLC menggunakan 2 metode yang berbeda pada proses ekstraksi dan kondisi HPLC yang digunakan. ELISA yang digunakan adalah ELISA kompetitif menggunakan mikroplat 96 lubang, 8 x 12 strip yang dilapisi dengan antibodi monoklonal dan antiserum antimouse murni dengan konjugat peroksidase untuk mendeteksi antibodi. Metode HPLC yang digunakan meliputi metode ekstraksi sampel, proses clean up dan derivatisasi sebelum masuk ke injektor sampel otomatis. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ELISA dapat sebagai pilihan untuk monitoring toksin (uji tapis) sedangkan HPLC dapat digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi sampel positif dalam membantu penegakan diagnosa. HPLC membutuhkan proses clean up dan derivatisasi supaya dapat memberikan hasil yang terbaik.
SISTEM PEMULIAAN BERBASIS PEMBUDIDAYA (COOPERATIF BREEDING SYSTEM ): STRATEGI PEMULIAAN IKAN TEPAT GUNA
Authors: Hadie Wartono , Hadie Lies Emmawati
Published: October 2016

Pemuliaan berbasis pembudidaya memerlukan integrasi program dan pelaksanaan yang sinergis antar semua stakeholder. Pemikiran, pencurahan waktu, dan upaya bersama antar sesama pembudidaya (user), pemulia (breeder), dan pemerintah dalam konteks pemuliaan berbasis pembudidaya dapat mengatasinya. Program yang seksama, manajemen yang konsisten, dan pemahaman lingkungan yang cermat akan memberikan hasil yang menguntungkan. Dengan ikan unggul, pakan yang memadai, dan lingkungan optimal, pembudidaya bisa memperoleh keuntungan maksimal. Dewasa ini kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan benih varietas unggul bermutu oleh kalangan pembudidaya skala besar dan kecil, ternyata pada umumnya masih rendah untuk semua jenis ikan. Perkecualian terdapat antara lain pada usaha perikanan swasta yang bergerak pada ikan salmon dan nila. Benih varietas unggul bermutu untuk banyak komoditi, bahkan masih mengimpor, dan menghabiskan devisa cukup besar. Selain menghabiskan devisa, impor jenis hanya akan menguntungkan bagi negara pengekspor jenis tersebut. Rendahnya tingkat penggunaan benih varietas unggul dan bermutu untuk segala macam komoditi pertanian termasuk perikanan sesungguhnya membuka peluang bagi industri perbenihan dalam negeri, baik yang masih dalam taraf penangkar, maupun industri benih yang sudah mampu membuat varietas unggul baru sendiri. Selama ini hampir semua varietas unggul baru dari berbagai komoditi, dihasilkan oleh kelembagaan penelitian pemerintah dan perguruan tinggi.
BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) SISTEM SEMI-INTENSIF PADA TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM
Authors: Ratnawati Erna
Published: October 2016

Tanah sulfat masam adalah nama umum yang diberikan pada tanah yang mengandung senyawa sulfida atau pirit (FeS2). Apabila tanah sulfat masam digali untuk dikonversi menjadi tambak atau tambak diperdalam, akan menyebabkan pirit teroksidasi dan menjadi larut selanjutnya dapat menyebabkan penurunan pH tanah dan meningkatkan kelarutan unsur-unsur toksik seperti besi dan aluminium. Akibatnya produktivitas tambak rendah atau bahkan tidak berproduksi. Oleh karena itu, untuk memberdayakan tambak tanah sulfat masam diperlukan upaya perbaikan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan untuk budidaya tambak. Kegiatan utama yang perlu dilakukan dalam usaha budidaya udang windu (Penaeus monodon) di tambak tanah sulfat masam adalah remediasi tambak. Budidaya udang windu dengan pola semi-intensif di tambak tanah sulfat masam yang terlebih dahulu diremediasi dapat mencapai sintasan 57,46% dengan padat penebaran 80.000 ekor/ha. Hal ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan sintasan pada budidaya udang vanamei pada tambak tanah mineral pola tradisional plus yaitu 60%--70% dengan padat penebaran yang sama. Dari hasil yang dicapai ini, menandakan bahwa budidaya pada tambak tanah sulfat masam memberi harapan bagi pembudidaya udang apabila dilakukan pengelolaan tanah tambak yang tepat.
PROBIOTIK: PEMANFAATANNYA UNTUK PAKAN IKAN BERKUALITAS RENDAH
Authors: Mansyur Abdul , Tangko Abdul Malik
Published: October 2016

Probiotik mempunyai prospek yang cerah dalam membantu memperbaiki pakan berkualitas rendah pada budidaya ikan sehingga akan ikut meningkatkan produktivitas perikanan budidaya. Salah satu jenis probiotik yang telah dicoba adalah probiotik dengan merek dagang H-S dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dengan menggunakan hewan uji ikan bandeng dalam keramba jaring apung (KJA) di laut ukuran 1 m x 1 m x 1,2 m. Dari hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa dengan konsentrasi 0,2%/kg pakan yang diberikan pada hewan uji ikan bandeng memberikan respons yang terbaik terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian, rasio konversi pakan, dan kecernaan pakan baik bahan kering, protein, maupun energi.
FITOREMEDIASI KOLAM PEMELIHARAAN IKAN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SAYURAN
Authors: Nuryadi Nuryadi , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Puspaningsih Dewi
Published: October 2016

Limbah domestik yang mengandung N dan P apabila kadarnya melebihi kemampuan perairan untuk mengurainya, akan memicu pertumbuhan organisme tertentu secara berlebihan dan mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan ekosistem perairan. Kondisi tersebut apabila tidak ditanggulangi akan mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas perairan yang akan menurunkan produktivitas dan keanekaragaman hayati perairan tersebut. Arah pembangunan perikanan budidaya air tawar mulai berubah ke arah peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan lahan dan air untuk memproduksi ikan bersih dan sehat dikonsumsi. Teknik fitoremediasi terbukti mampu mengurangi penggunaan lahan dan air dalam kolam sistem tertutup, selain resirkulasi pada sistem akuaponik. Teknik fitoremediasi lebih hemat energi dibanding sistem akuaponik yang kerjanya sangat tergantung dari kerja pompa air, sehingga penggunaan sistem ini dapat mencakup daerah yang lebih luas, terutama di daerah yang belum terjangkau listrik. Fitoremediasi juga dapat memberikan andil dalam pemenuhan pangan yang sehat dengan menghasilkan ikan dan sayuran organik yang bermanfaat.
PERANAN FUNGI DALAM AKUAKULTUR PENDAHULUAN Di dalam dunia mikrobia, jamur termasuk divisio Mycota. Mycota
Authors: Pamungkas Wahyu , Khasani Ikhsan
Published: October 2016

Fungi (jamur) merupakan jasad eukariot, yang berbentuk benang atau sel tunggal, multiseluler atau uniseluler. Sel-sel jamur tidak berklorofil, dinding sel tersusun dari kitin, dan belum ada diferensiasi jaringan, bersifat khemoorganoheterotrof karena memperoleh energi dari oksidasi senyawa organik dan memerlukan oksigen untuk hidupnya (aerobik). Habitat jamur terdapat pada air dan tanah. Cara hidupnya bebas atau bersimbiosis, tumbuh sebagai saprofit atau parasit pada tanaman, hewan, dan manusia. Jamur mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam akuakultur. Selain dapat menimbulkan kerugian yaitu sebagai penyebab penyakit pada ikan, jamur juga mempunyai peranan yang menguntungkan dalam akuakultur, misalnya berperan dalam mengatasi masalah penyakit karena mampu menghasilkan antibiotik dan meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan terhadap penyakit (imunostimulan). Dalam bidang pakan berperan dalam fermentasi pakan untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrisi pakan ikan, berperan dalam proses bioremediasi untuk mengatasi masalah lingkungan perairan.
PLASMA NUTFAH IKAN HIAS SUMATERA
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto
Published: October 2016

Data yang dikemukakan atau disampaikan oleh para ekportir ikan hias mempunyai kecenderungan adanya eksploitasi ikan hias air tawar dari alam. Banyak jenis yang diekspor umumnya berasal dari Indonesia bagian Barat khususnya dari Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Data ini dapat dikumpulkan melalui kompilasi dari para stakeholder ikan hias dan penelusuran ke sentra penangkapan ikan hias melalui survai lokasi khususnya ikan hias air tawar Sumatera. Lebih dari 100 spesies, termasuk ke dalam 31 famili telah dikompilasi dari lokasi-lokasi sentra ikan hias. Data ini khususnya merupakan gambaran jenis plasma nutfah dan potensi ikan hias asal Sumatera yang dapat dipakai untuk pengembangan di masa mendatang.
BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME SISTEM BIOFLOK
Authors: Pantjara Brata , Nawang Agus , Usman Usman , Syah Rachman
Published: October 2016

Problem utama pada budidaya tambak udang intensif adalah menurunnya kualitas air yang layak selama pemeliharaan udang dan munculnya penyakit. Upaya mengurangi permasalahan tersebut adalah pemanfaatan bioflok di tambak. Bioflok merupakan campuran dari berbagai mikroba, fitoplankton, zooplankton, protozoa, detritus, partikel organik. Teknologi bioflok dapat meningkatkan kualitas air, meminimalkan pergantian air (tanpa pergantian air), efisiensi pakan, dan menghambat berkembangnya penyakit selama budidaya. Budidaya udang vaname intensif sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran 100 ekor/m2 selama 95 hari diperoleh produksi sebesar 10,375 kg/ha (FCR 1,3) dan tanpa bioflok 9,176 kg/ha (FCR 1,6).
IKAN PIPIH YANG POTENSIAL UNTUK IKAN HIAS
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto
Published: October 2016

Ikan belida dikenal sebagai ikan konsumsi yang dijadikan bahan makanan seperti pempek dan kerupuk Palembang, sedangkan di Kalimantan dikenal sebagai ikan pipih. Sistematika ikan ini banyak mengalami perubahan atau perbaikan. Ikan ini termasuk famili Notopteridae yang terdiri atas 3 genus, 2 genus terdapat di Indonesia yaitu Notopterus dan Chitala. Selain itu, anak-anak ikan ini dijual sebagai ikan hias. Pengembangbiakannya di luar habitat sudah berhasil dan saat ini dalamproses peningkatan produksinya. Ikan ini hidup di sungai-sungai besar di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Jawa.
NILA MERAH AIR TAWAR, PELUANG BUDIDAYANYA DI TAMBAK AIR PAYAU
Authors: Mansyur Abdul , Mangampa Markus
Published: October 2016

Salah satu komoditas perikanan budidaya bernilai ekonomis tinggi adalah ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus), merupakan ikan air tawar, yang miliki potensi untuk dibudidayakan di tambak air payau. Ikan nila merah merupakan ikan yang memiliki daya tahan tubuh dan adaptasi yang baik. Salah satu adaptasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh ikan nila adalah adaptasi fisiologis terhadap rentang salinitas yang tinggi karena ikan nila tergolong ikan eurihaline dan memiliki potensi untuk penyesuaikan diri pada salinitas air laut. Pembudidayaan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) tergolong mudah dibandingkan pembudidayaan udang dan ikan kerapu. Risiko terkena penyakit atau hama pada ikan nila relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan udang. Budidaya nila merah yang dipolikultur dengan udang vaname secara semi-intensif dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani hingga mencapai Rp 20.200.000,-/musim (105-120 hari).
PENGGUNAAN ENZIM CAIRAN RUMEN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMANFAATAN BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN LOKAL
Authors: Pamungkas Wahyu
Published: October 2016

Pemanfaatan bahan baku pakan alternatif telah banyak dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan baku pakan lokal yang mudah didapat dan biasanya berupa limbah yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Namun, upaya pemanfaatan bahan baku pakan lokal tersebut masih mengalami kendala salah satunya adalah tingginya kandungan serat kasar yaitu lebih dari 7%. Kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi menyebabkan bahan baku lokal tersebut perlu diolah lagi agar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan. Salah satu alternatif teknologi yang dapat digunakan adalah pemanfaatan cairan rumen untuk menurunkan kandungan serat kasar bahan pakan. Cairan rumen merupakan salah satu sumber bahan alternatif yang murah dan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan mudah sebagai sumber enzim hidrolase. Pengolahan bahan baku pakan lokal hasil limbah agro industri dan limbah peternakan menggunakan enzim cairan rumen akan dapat memberikan dampak peningkatan nilai nutrisi bahan pakan lokal sehingga dapat digunakan menjadi sumber pakan alternatif yang berkualitas.
PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI JENIS FILTER UNTUK PEMELIHARAAN IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DI AKUARIUM
Authors: Priono Bambang , Satyani Darti
Published: October 2016

Akuarium merupakan salah satu wadah untuk pemeliharaan ikan hias baik tawar maupun laut, betapapun indahnya ikan hias apabila tidak ditunjang dengan penampilan, aksesoris, dan dekorasi yang memadai, maka nilai keindahan akan berkurang. Penggunaan filter untuk mendukung salah satu sintasan ikan hias sangat penting. Terdapat banyak jenis-jenis filter yang dapat digunakan di dalam akuarium, dengan bentuk, desain, ukuran, dan harga yang bermacam-macam pula. Namun demikian, fungsi utama filter sebernarnya adalah untuk (1) menghilangkan atau mengangkat kotoran atau sisa kotoran dari air, (2) mengangkat atau menghilangkan bahan kimia dari air yang membuat air menjadi berwarna (warna coklat)/keruh atau bahan yang tak dikehendaki, dan (3) menghilangkan kotoran ikan dan menguraikan produk atau zat yang beracun menjadi tak beracun untuk ikan.
POTENSI DAN PROSPEK EKONOMIS UDANG MANTIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Astuti Iswari Ratna , Ariestyani Fitria
Published: October 2016

Udang mantis merupakan salah satu komoditas hewan laut yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Udang mantis termasuk salah satu jenis krustase laut yang bernilai gizi tinggi, dengan kadar protein dapat mencapai 87,09%. Beberapa spesies udang mantis dikenal sebagai bahan makanan eksotis dan sebagai komoditas ekspor. Jenis jenis udang mantis yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi adalah dari famili Harpiosquillidae dan Squillidae. Dalam keadaan hidup, udang mantis dijual per ekor berdasarkan ukuran panjang, dengan kisaran Rp 10.000,- hingga Rp 80.000,-. Dalam keadaan mati, udang mantis dijual dengan harga Rp 45.000,-/kg. Udang mantis dapat hidup dalam air laut maupun air payau, dan sering dijumpai di daerah pesisir maupun pertambakan. Habitat sebagian besar udang mantis adalah pantai, senang hidup di dasar air terutama pasir berlumpur. Udang mantis mempunyai kemampuan beradaptasi yang tinggi, bahkan di daerah yang sudah terkontaminasi. Sampai saat ini udang mantis diperoleh dengan mengandalkan hasil tangkapan nelayan, yang ketersediaannya tergantung musim. Udang mantis merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan sampingan nelayan dengan target tangkapan utama ikan maupun udang. Dalam rangka mencegah terjadinya penurunan hasil tangkapan sekaligus menjaga kelestarian populasi udang mantis, perlu dilakukan upaya budidaya. Domestikasi sebagai langkah awal dalam usaha budidaya perlu dilakukan, untuk itu, diperlukan penelitian/kajian tentang berbagai aspek seperti aspek biologi, ekologi, reproduksi, genetika, dan lain-lain.
ATRAKTAN PADA PAKAN IKAN: JENIS, FUNGSI, DAN RESPONS IKAN
Authors: Khasani Ikhsan
Published: October 2016

Salah satu faktor utama yang memengaruhi laju pertumbuhan dan kesehatan ikan adalah pakan, baik aspek kandungan nutrisi maupun kuantitas. Pakan buatan berkualitas memiliki tingkat palatabilitas, yang tinggi. Ikan cepat merespons pakan yang memiliki senyawa yang merangsang indera penciumannya karena adanya mekanisme kemoreseptor. Senyawa tersebut dikenal sebagai atraktan. Berbagai senyawa yang memiliki sifat atraktan, baik yang bersifat alami maupun sintetis,telah digunakan pada pakan buatan. Penggalian potensi sumber senyawa atraktan terus dilakukan secara intensif. Artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai beberapa jenis bahan atraktan dan penggunaannya pada beberapa komoditas ikan budidaya.
Technology as the New Frontier: Unilever and the Rise of Becel Margarine
Authors: Davids Mila
Published: October 2016

Technology as the New Frontier: Unilever and the Rise of Becel Margarine

By analysing the creation and development of the health-enhancing product Becel over more than three decades, this article illustrates how techno-scientific frontier processes impacted on the Dutch-British firm, Unilever. The expansion of the scientific frontier led to new insights in the field of cardiovascular diseases, which not only affected the medical community, but also food companies such as Unilever. The development of Becel in the early 1960s – initially as a diet fat and later as a diet margarine – required state-of-the-art food science research. We can identify a growing tension between the scientific techno-scientific frontier processes and the public acceptance of scientific insights. While the researchers’ drive to expand the scientific frontier remained the same throughout three decades, the legitimation of the company's activities by referring to scientific progress became increasingly difficult. This was not without consequences for Unilever. I argue that this was due to three related processes that unfolded in the early 1970s. Scientific debates became public, society at large was losing its faith in science and experts and finally, in Unilever itself: Marketing managers and their ideas on how to position Becel became more dominant than those of the laboratory researchers.
1816 and the Resumption of «Ordinary History»
Authors: Jones Rhys
Published: October 2016

1816 and the Resumption of «Ordinary History»

Writing in his memoirs, Prince Klemens von Metternich depicted the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 as a return to «ordinary history». As the chaos of revolution subsided, political and temporal order was resumed, inaugurating a perception of historical time that Metternich believed would be sparse, uneventful, stable and slow. This article examines the failure of this vision to be realised within the context of the first full year of the post-revolutionary era: 1816. The temporal strategies devised and implemented in the wake of Waterloo and the Congress of Vienna to stabilise the experience of historical time were themselves undermined by the ambiguous, often contested interpretations of what constituted the «ordinary» course of history. Although the geographic scope is transnational, stretching from Piedmont to Barbados, this article focuses primarily on France and America, and the contemporary chronopolitical disputes that saw those societies struggle to comprehend the new historical and temporal realities established by their respective revolutions. The chronopolitical controversies of 1816 were dominated by the belief that history, which was accelerated beyond control during the revolutionary era, could not be stabilised, or rendered «ordinary».