bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telaah Penerapan PSAK 45 Dan PSAK 109 Dalam Rekonstruksi Akuntansi Pelaporan Keuangan Masjid
Authors: Yanuar AR Fuad , Hanifah Widad Sarah
Published: June 2020

This research discusses the use of PSAK 45 and PSAK 109 in mosque financial reporting. The discussion focused on the concept of comprehensive and ideal implementation of mosque financial reporting. The results of the literature review of PSAK 45 and PSAK 109 ideally mosque financial statements should use PSAK 45 because the assumptions and management of mosques are far more complex sources and their use is not only about zakat and its distribution. However, the side of the simplicity of reporting and not reducing PSAK 45 rules is important in the disclosure and financial reporting of mosques. The mosque is also a zakat distribution body for reporting using PSAK 109 in a separate section.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Authors: Hendri Zul , Yafiza Meileni
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to find out how much influence the local government financial ratios have on the human development index, the ratio used is the ratio of the degree of decentralization, the ratio of regional financial dependence, the ratio of regional financial independence, the ratio of the effectiveness of local own revenue and the ratio of the effectiveness of the local tax. The type of data from this research is quantitative descriptive using primary and secondary data. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regressions. The results of this research are that there is a very strong relationship between the degree of decentralization, the ratio of regional financial dependency, the ratio of regional financial independence, the ratio of the effectiveness of local own-source revenue and the ratio of the effectiveness of local taxes and simultaneously affect the human development index.
Pengaruh Jumlah Pelanggan Terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Di Kota Bengkalis
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Mardianis Ninik
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the number of customers on the level of profitability in the Regional Water Company in Bengkalis City. This research is quantitative research. Data collection techniques using interview data and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are simple linear regression analysis, normality test, t-test and coefficient of determination test. This research shows that the results of the t-test obtained tcount (α) > ttable = 14.065 > 3.182 and the results of the test of the coefficient of determination are 0.985. So the results of this research are that there is a significant influence of the number of customers on the level of profitability in the Regional Water Company in Bengkalis City with a large influence of the remaining 98.5% of 1.5% influenced by other factors.
Pengaruh Akuntabilitas, Partisipasi Dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Anggaran Berkonsep Value For Money Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Batubara Zakaria , Risna Ria
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine partially and simultaneously the influence of accountability, public participation and supervision of budget performance with the concept of value for money in the Bengkalis District Financial and Asset Management Agency. This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis method. The sampling technique uses boring sampling method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear of regression. The results showed that partial accountability, participation and supervision had a positive and significant effect on budget performance with the concept of value for money in the Bengkalis District Financial and Asset Management Agency. While simultaneously accountability, participation and supervision have a positive and significant effect on budget performance with the concept of value for money in the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency in Bengkalis Regency with a 93.5% influence.
Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis Dalam Persfektif Islam
Authors: Rahmany Sri , Fatimah Fatimah
Published: June 2020

Regional Autonomy requires the Regional Government to be able to provide the best service to the community. One form of the service is to provide transparent financial information. The purpose of this research was to determine the internal control system on the quality of Bengkalis Regency's financial statements reviewed according to the Islamic perspective. This research uses qualitative analysis with descriptive methods. The results showed that the internal control system can minimize the occurrence of fraud/errors both in recording and presenting financial statements as evidenced by the monitoring of accounting records so that the resulting financial statements can be as desired and accountable.
A Comparative Discourse on Media Practice in Colonial and Post-Colonial Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Ibitayo S. , Adesile Tosin A. , Odenike Ibrahim O.
Published: June 2020

This is a comparative study on media practice in colonial and post-colonial Nigeria. It covers journalism practice from 1920-2020. The study focuses on journalism practice during the days of nationalism-cum-political journalism era, led by Herbert Macaulay, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Chief Anthony Enahoro, Mr Ernest SeseiIkoli, amongst others. The study adopts journalism during the colonial days, up to the time of independence in 1960, as foundation, and compares it to the modern day journalism practice at the moment. The thesis in the study is anchored on the probing question of establishing changes that have taken place in the profession over a period of 160 years. While providing fresh discussions on the current journalism practice as well as the daunting challenges facing media professionals in Nigeria today, the study provides groundbreaking recommendations to rescue journalism that is almost comatose in Nigeria today. The study uses free press theory as theoretical underpinning, and the key informants interview method.
JEJAK PERKEMBANGAN ARSITEKTUR DI BALI
Authors: Arjana Bagus Made
Published: June 2020

In general, each region or ethnic group will have a work of architecture in the area. The work of the architecture can be a legacy of the previous generation or generated by the generations that existed at that time, either architectural works created or produced by the local / local generation as well as the architectural works left by immigrants who once ruled the area.Following the journey of a nation will be found is a relic of his main relic in the field of architecture from one time / era to the next time / era in the form of traces of his architectural journey through the period or era. If considered from the journey of architecture in Indonesia generally and in Bali in particular will be obtained works of architecture in the era or era experienced.Based on that, the era or period experienced in Bali can be divided as follows: Pre-History, Hindu Culture, Islamic Culture, Colonial / Colonial, Independence and Global or Modern Age. From each era will leave a work of architecture that describes the journey of architectural development that exists in Bali.To reveal the travel architecture is the author only sourced on data obtained or downloaded from the internet.Keywords: architecture, Bali.
PERUBAHAN POLA PERMUKIMAN TRADISIONAL DI DESA BELANDINGAN, KECAMATAN KINTAMANI AKIBAT BANTUAN PERUMAHAN PEMERINTAH
Authors: Arcana I Kadek Fajar , Sudharsana Made Gde , Kardinal Ni G A Diah Ambarwati
Published: June 2020

Desa Belandingan adalah salah satu Desa TradisionalÂ  Bali Aga Pegunungan. Desa Belandingan masih mempertahankan pola ruang tradisional Â serta tradisinya. Status Desa Belandingan bersama 14Â  desa lainnya sebagai pendukung Geopark Batur yang oleh masyarakat Batur disebut dengan istilah â€œbintang danuâ€. Dengan kekhasannya sebagai desa tradisional bali aga serta statusnya sebagai desa pendukung Geopark, BelandinganÂ  memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai Desa Wisata. Masyarakat Desa Belandingan sendiri memiliki keinginan mengembangkan pariwisata di desanya. Pada tahun 2017 desa Belandingan mendapatkan bantuan perumahan dari pemerintah baik dalam bentuk pembangunan rumah baru atau stimulan perumahan swadaya. Masuknya bantuan perumahan berdampak pada pola pemukiman Desa Belandingan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan Â untuk mengetahui pengaruh bantuan perumahan terhadap pola pemukiman tradisional dengan menggunakan metode Kualitatif eksploratif deskriptif. Informasi didapatkan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling terhadap pihak-pihak penerima bantuan. Â Adanya bantuan perumahan ternyata sangat berpengaruh dalam mengubah pola pemukiman tradisional di Desa Belandingan. Perubahan pola permukiman terjadi pada skala meso dan makro. Skala Meso terlihat dari perubahan pola pemukiman di blok perumahan (banjaran), sedangkan skala makro dilihat dari distribusi bantuan perumahan yang memungkinkan untuk terbentuknya permukiman baru Di Desa Belandingan. Banjaran yang paling tinggiÂ  mendapatan perubahan setelah masuknya bantuan adalah banjaran anyar. Perubahan dalam tingkat sedang adalah banjaran Tangkas dan tingkat rendah adalah banjaran pemetelan, tengah, Pande, Asah, Panji, Tangkas Kaja Kangin dan Kayu Selem.Â
Kerta Desa as a Customary Judicial Institution in the Settlement of Customary Conflicts Based on Bali Provincial Regulation Number: 4 of 2019
Authors: Satriana I Made Wahyu Chandra , Dewi Ni Made Liana
Published: June 2020

Customary conflicts that occur in indigenous communities in Bali are caused by social changes in the community that have an impact on changes in behavior, lifestyle and a shift invalues and culture. Therefore, ways and efforts are needed to resolve and reconcile disputes over conflicts or customary cases that occur. The legal issue in this study is the extent of the authority of the village Kerta institution in resolving conflicts or customary cases. This research is to use normative legal research. The regulations examined in this study are BaliProvincial Regulation Number 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages in Bali which is related with the existence of Kerta Desa as a customary judicial institution in the resolutionof traditional conflicts. The handling of adat conflicts is carried out by Kerta Desa as a Village Peace Judge by providing customary sanctions aimed at regulating the balance or restoring the disturbed adat order in the community.
Automorphisms of a Distance Regular Graph with Intersection Array {48,35,9;1,7,40}
Authors: Махнев А.А. , Биткина В.В. , Гутнова А.К.
Published: June 2020

Если дистанционно регулярный граф $\Gamma$ диаметра 3 содержит максимальный локально регулярный
1-код, совершенный относительно последней окрестности, то $\Gamma$ имеет массив пересечений
$\{a(p+1),cp,a+1;1,c,ap\}$ или $\{a(p+1),(a+1)p,c;1,c,ap\}$, где $a=a_3$, $c=c_2$, $p=p^3_{33}$
(Юришич и Видали). В первом случае $\Gamma$ имеет собственное значение $\theta_2=-1$ и $\Gamma_3$
является псевдогеометрическим графом для $GQ(p+1,a)$. Если $c=a-1=q$, $p=q-2$, то $\Gamma$ имеет
массив пересечений $\{q^2-1,q(q-2),q+2;1,q,(q+1)(q-2)\}$, $q>6$. В работе изучены порядки и
подграфы неподвижных точек автоморфизмов гипотетического дистанционно регулярного графа с массивом
пересечений $\{48,35,9;1,7,40\}$ ($q=7$). Пусть $G={\rm Aut}(\Gamma)$ - неразрешимая группа, действующая
транзитивно на множестве вершин графа $\Gamma$, $K=O_7(G)$, $\bar T$ - цоколь группы $\bar G=G/K$.
Тогда $\bar T$ содержит единственную компоненту $\bar L$, точно действующую на $K$, $\bar L\cong L_2(7)$, $A_5$, $A_6$, $PSp_4(3)$ и для полного прообраза $L$ группы $\bar L$ имеем $L_a=K_a\times O_{7'}(L_a)$ и $|K|=7^3$ в случае
$\bar L\cong L_2(7)$, $|K|=7^4$ в противном случае.
On Unbounded Integral Operators with Quasisymmetric Kernels
Authors: Коротков В.Б.
Published: June 2020

В 1935 г. фон Нейман установил, что предельный спектр самосопряженного карлемановского интегрального оператора в $L_2$ содержит $0$. Этот результат был обобщен автором на несамосопряженные операторы: предельный спектр оператора, сопряженного к карлемановскому интегральному оператору, содержит 0. Будем говорить, что плотно определенный в $L_2$ линейный оператор $A$ удовлетворяет обобщенному условию фон Неймана, если 0 принадлежит предельному спектру сопряженного оператора $A^{\ast}$. Обозначим через $B_0$ класс всех линейных операторов в $L_2$, удовлетворяющих обобщенному условию фон Неймана. Автором было доказано, что каждый определенный на $L_2$ ограниченный интегральный оператор принадлежит классу $B_0$. Возникает вопрос: верно ли аналогичное утверждение для любого неограниченного плотно определенного в $L_2$ интегрального оператора? В статье дается отрицательный ответ на этот вопрос и устанавливается достаточное условие принадлежности плотно определенного в $L_2$ интегрального оператора с квазисимметричным ядром классу $B_0$.
Relaciones actanciales en «Silvio en el Rosedal» de Julio Ramón Ribeyro
Authors: González Montes Antonio
Published: June 2020

Basándose en algunos modelos y conceptos de la semiótica narrativa
greimasiana, se realiza un análisis del cuento «Silvio en El Rosedal», de
Julio Ramón Ribeyro. Se destaca, en especial, las relaciones actanciales
entre el protagonista, Silvio Lombardi (Sujeto del Deseo) y la casa
hacienda «El Rosedal» (Objeto del Deseo), a través de las cuales el
primero consigue encontrar y realizar con plenitud el sentido de la vida,
mediante recorridos espaciales y cognoscitivos.
Aproximación al tratamiento lexicográfico de verbos causativos de percepción en el Diccionario del Español Actual
Authors: Gutiérrez Fuentes Gretel
Published: June 2020

Si bien son los diccionarios de valencias y los de construcción y régimen los que mejor recrean la información sintáctica, se reconoce la utilidad de que el diccionario no se limite a brindar herramientas para la decodificación, sino que contribuya a la codificación de la lengua. Para tal propósito, interesan, para este trabajo, las noticias sobre la posible combinatoria de los elementos que pueda darse, entre ellas —y aplicado en especial a los verbos—, las relativas a la transitividad e intransitividad, el contorno lexicográfico y el tipo de definición frecuente. Se estudia el tratamiento lexicográfico que reciben algunos verbos causativos de percepción en el Diccionario del español actual (DEA). El análisis de los artículos lexicográficos de este tipo de verbos reveló que es posible encontrar usos transitivos e intransitivos, ejemplos de alternancia causativa, y contornos lexicográficos que suelen ser integrados y heterogéneos sobre todo en las factitivas con el verbo hacer, que resultaron las más frecuentes. Se verificó que ver se usa en la mayoría de las acepciones, referidas a la percepción visual, como núcleo semántico en los sintagmas definicionales.
Análisis fonético-fonológico de los procesos que afectan a los segmentos oclusivos en posición de Coda en el castellano limeño
Authors: Cueva Sánchez Óscar Esaul
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo se propone dar una descripción sincrónica de los procesos fonológicos que sufren los segmentos oclusivos en posición de coda al interior de palabra en el castellano limeño; además, la parte descriptiva de la investigación se apoyará en datos acústicos que a lo largo del trabajo podrán evidenciarse; para este propósito se usó el programa Praat (análisis acústico). Por otro lado, el contraste entre el arranque y
la coda silábica se evidencia a partir de los tipos de procesos que afectan a cada una de estas posiciones; por ejemplo, los arranques tienden a modificarse por fenómenos de reforzamiento, mientras que las codas silábicas se modifican por procesos de debilitamiento. Justamente, este trabajo se interesa por dar cuenta de estos procesos de debilitamiento que afectan a los segmentos oclusivos en coda silábica; asimismo, para la parte explicativa del trabajo se usará como marco teórico a la fonología generativa no lineal.
La figura del poeta y la naturaleza de la poesía en la aforística de Manuel González Prada: un primer acercamiento a "Memoranda"
Authors: Mudarra Montoya Américo
Published: June 2020

Reconocido principalmente por su producción ensayística y poética, así como por su trascendencia en el pensamiento político peruano, Manuel González Prada (Lima, 1844-1918) también incursionó en la narrativa y en la aforística. Su libro El tonel de Diógenes, publicado póstumamente en 1945, es clara prueba de ello. Precisamente, una sección de El tonel de Diógenes intitulada «Memoranda» se halla compuesta por más de doscientos aforismos. Algunos de sus estudiosos han considerado estas notas o apuntes sueltos útiles para desentrañar el ideario de González Prada. Dado que, en varios de estos breves textos, el autor comparte sus impresiones sobre la poesía, el poeta y la creación literaria, el objetivo de este trabajo es el de sistematizar dichas impresiones con el fin de identificar la poética subyacente en tales textos, de modo que se puedan establecer vínculos con el resto de su obra.
Análisis crítico del discurso lexicográfico (ACDL): un examen a la historia de las lenguas andinas en los diccionarios de la RAE
Authors: Lovón Cueva Marco Antonio
Published: June 2020

Los nombres de las lenguas andinas de América del Sur no siempre se han incorporado a los diccionarios de la Real Academia Española (RAE). Sin embargo, cuando se han considerado, las definiciones sobre las lenguas y sus hablantes han respondido a formas de pensar lo étnico como un Otro diferente. En términos diacrónicos e ideológicos, la práctica lexicográfica no siempre ha sido la misma. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las incorporaciones y definiciones de las lenguas andinas en los diccionarios producidos por la corporación académica de la RAE, las cuales se asocian con ideologías raciales y lingüísticas. Para ello, examinamos, principalmente, el tratamiento lexicográfico de las lenguas vivas, las lenguas en peligro de extinción y las lenguas muertas andinas. En este trabajo, se concluye que la narrativa lexicográfica ha incurrido en aspectos evaluativos de racialización, exotismo y jerarquía, hechos desde el poder occidental.
Diego Trelles Paz. Detectives perdidos en la ciudad oscura. Novela policial alternativa en Latinoamérica. De Borges a Bolaño. Ediciones Copé. Lima, 2017. 432 pp.
Authors: Arenas Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Reseña:

Diego Trelles Paz. Detectives perdidos en la ciudad oscura. Novela policial alternativa en Latinoamérica. De Borges a Bolaño. Ediciones Copé. Lima, 2017. 432 pp.

El género policial, desde su advenimiento, ha sido uno de los más favorecidos por la predilección de los lectores; sin embargo, no ha logrado posicionarse como un género canónico dentro de la crítica tradicional, ya que, equívocamente, se le ha considerado menor respecto de otras manifestaciones literarias.

El libro de Diego Trelles, Detectives perdidos en la ciudad oscura, libro ganador de la V Bienal de Ensayo «Premio Copé 2016», es un esfuerzo valioso por reivindicar la posibilidad de una tradición del género policial en Latinoamérica y proponer una manera alternativa de su concepción. Dividido en cuatro capítulos, el autor traza un recorrido por dicha tradición y destaca que los autores latinoamericanos a los que
hace mención se distanciaron oportunamente de las propuestas clásicas anglosajonas que desarrollaron el género.
El concepto de plagio desde la perspectiva de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios peruanos
Authors: Ramos Quispe Teresa , Arias Chávez Dennis
Published: June 2020

El plagio, considerado como acto deshonesto, ha sido denunciado tanto por instituciones académicas como por no académicas. Dada la gravedad y repercusión del hecho, sus implicaciones en la actualidad van más allá de las sanciones reglamentarias y su alcance llega incluso a lo legal y penal. En el presente estudio, se analiza un grupo de definiciones producto de la información proporcionada por un grupo de 200 estudiantes de una universidad privada peruana con el fin de identificar cuáles son las palabras con las que califican este acto, cuáles son los productos académicos susceptibles de plagiar y cuál es la definición que se desprende de lo manifestado por los participantes. El estudio es de corte cualitativo. A cada participante se le entregó una ficha codificada con tres preguntas sobre datos generales (edad, sexo y carrera), y una pregunta de tipo abierta en la que se les solicita definir en sus palabras el término plagio. Los resultados indican que los términos con mayor presencia en las definiciones son copia, persona, examen, información y trabajos (académicos). En esta investigación, finalmente, se propone una definición de plagio sobre la base de lo expresado por los participantes.
Estrategias narrativas de ruptura en Crónica de músicos y diablos: entre la crónica historiográfica y la sátira menipea
Authors: Montalvo Yamunaqué Fernando
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es realizar una primera aproximación al estudio de las estrategias narrativas presentes en Crónica de músicos y diablos (1991), una de las novelas más destacadas de Gregorio Martínez. Es reconocido el interés de este autor por recuperar la experiencia vital y social de los estratos populares de la sociedad peruana, asunto en el que ha demostrado gran sensibilidad, una sensualidad
desbordante y un poderoso humor. Postulamos que, en Crónica de músicos y diablos, también podemos observar la inclinación del novelista por construir un discurso crítico en torno a la crónica historiográfica, la cual tradicionalmente ha sido valorada por su capacidad de representación de la historia fundacional peruana. Creemos que la novela de Martínez construye una serie de estrategias narrativas en estrecho diálogo con
este género discursivo, con el objeto de cuestionar hondamente su capacidad mimética, en tanto la representación efectiva de la realidad social que ofrece es cuestionada por su tendencia a sustentarse sobre la visión de los sujetos de poder. Para este trabajo, partimos del marco teórico diseñado por Mijaíl Bajtín en torno al carnaval literario y la sátira menipa, conceptos que también se encuentran contextualizados para la realidad literaria latinoamericana por José Vilahomat. Estos lineamientos nos serán de utilidad en tanto sugieren pautas para la lectura de novelas
que se postulan como anticanónicas a partir del análisis de su estructura.
Effect of Sunlight/Ultraviolet Exposure on the Corrosion of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE) Coated Steel Rebars in Concrete
Authors: Kamde Deepak K. , Pillai Radhakrishna G.
Published: June 2020

Currently, highway/railway bridges are designed for the service life of more than 100 y. In such reinforced concrete structures, fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coated steel rebars are being used in anticipation of delayed initiation of reinforcement corrosion. However, the FBE steel rebars get exposed to sunlight/ultraviolet rays during prolonged storage and delayed/staged construction. This paper presents microanalytical and electrochemical data (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion x-ray diffraction, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and shows the adverse effects of sunlight/UV exposure on the corrosion resistance of FBE-coated steel reinforcement in concrete construction. Based on tests on steel-mortar specimens, the mechanisms of UV-induced chemical changes, shrinkage, and cracking of FBE coating, and the resulting steel corrosion mechanisms are proposed. Also, the adverse effects of sunlight/UV exposure on chloride threshold and reduction in the service life of FBE-coated steel in cementitious systems are presented. The paper recommends to minimize the exposure of FBE-coated steel rebars to sunlight/UV rays to less than one month.
Drivers of Financial Access
Authors: Deléchat Corinne , Kiyasseh Lama , MacDonald Margaux , Xu Rui
Published: June 2020

This study analyzes the drivers of the use of formal vs. informal financial services in emerging and developing countries using the 2017 Global FINDEX data. In particular, we investigate whether individuals’ choice of financial services correlates with macro-financial and macro-structural policies and conditions, in addition to individual and country characteristics. We start our analysis on middle and low-income countries, and then zoom in on sub-Saharan Africa, currently the region that most relies on informal financial services, and which has the largest uptake of mobile banking. We find robust evidence of an association between macroprudential policies and individuals’ choice of financial access after controlling for personal and country-level characteristics. In particular, macroprudential policies aimed at controlling credit supply seem to be associated with greater resort to informal financial services compared with formal, bank-based access. This highlights the importance for central bankers and financial sector regulators to consider the potential spillovers of monetary policy and financial stability measures on financial inclusion.
Can Digitalization Help Deter Corruption in Africa?
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmané , Sy Amadou
Published: June 2020

This paper studies the effect of digitalization on the perception of corruption and trust in tax officials in Africa. Using individual-level data from Afrobarometer surveys and several indices of digitalization, we find that an increase in digital adoption is associated with a reduction in the perception of corruption and an increase in trust in tax officials. Exploiting the exogeneous deployment of submarine cables at the local level, the paper provides evidence of a negative impact of the use of Internet on the perception of corruption. Yet, the paper shows that the dampening effect of digitalization on corruption is hindered in countries where the government has a pattern of intentionally shutting down the Internet, while countries that successfully promote information and communication technology (ICT) enjoy a more amplified effect.
Global Smartphones Sales May Have Peaked
Authors: Mongardini Joannes , Radzikowski Aneta
Published: June 2020

Global smartphone sales may have peaked. After reaching nearly 1.5 billion units in 2016, global smartphone sales have since declined, contributing negatively to world trade in 2019 and suggesting that the global market may now be saturated. This paper develops a simple model to forecast smartphone sales, which shows that sales are likely to decline further. As tech companies shift to embedded services (cloud computing, content subscriptions, and financial services), the impact on global trade may also be shifting in favor of services exports mostly from advanced economies.
Union of the Comoros
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: June 2020

Selected Issues
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: June 2020

The Banking Supervision Department (BSD) of the BoL is implementing risk-based supervision (RBS) methods. BoL staff are showing favorable results in understanding and applying RBS, recognizing that they are still in the early stages of capacity development.
A new commercial banking law became effective in June 2019. The law incorporates expectations that financial institutions establish appropriate risk management systems and maintain adequate capital and liquidity. The law also gives the BoL purview over the adequacy of risk management in banks.
Cloud condensation nuclei characteristics during the Indian summer monsoon over a rain-shadow region
Authors: Jayachandran Venugopalan Nair , Varghese Mercy , Murugavel Palani , Todekar Kiran S. , Bankar Shivdas P. , Malap Neelam , Dinesh Gurnule , Safai Pramod D. , Rao Jaya , Konwar Mahen , Dixit Shivsai , Prabha Thara V.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Continuous aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements carried out at the ground
observational facility situated in the rain-shadow region of the Indian subcontinent are
illustrated. These observations were part of the Cloud Aerosol Interaction Precipitation
Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) during the Indian summer monsoon season (June to September) of
2018. Observations are classified as dry–continental (monsoon break) and wet–marine (monsoon
active) according to the air mass history. CCN concentrations measured for a range of
supersaturations (0.2 %–1.2 %) are parameterized using Twomey's empirical relationship. CCN
concentrations at low (0.2 %) supersaturation (SS) were high (>1000cm-3) during
continental conditions and observed together with high black carbon
(BC∼2000ngm-3) and columnar aerosol loading. During the marine air
mass conditions, CCN concentrations diminished to ∼350cm-3 at 0.3 % SS and
low aerosol loading persisted (BC∼800ngm-3). High CCN activation
fraction (AF) of ≅0.55 (at 0.3 % SS) was observed before the monsoon rainfall, which
reduced to ≅0.15 during the marine air mass and enhanced to ≅0.32 after that. There was mostly
monomodal aerosol number size distribution (NSD) with a mean geometric mean diameter (GMD) of
≅85 nm, with least (≅9 %) contribution from nucleation mode
(<30 nm) particles persisted before the monsoon, while multimode NSD with
≅19 % of nucleation mode particles was found during the marine air mass. Critical
activation diameters (dcri) for 0.3 % SS were found to be about 72, 169, and
121 nm prior to, during, and after the marine conditions, respectively. The better
association of CCN with aerosol absorption, and the concurrent accumulation mode particles during
continental conditions, points to the possibility of aged (oxygenated) carbonaceous aerosols
enhancing the CCN activity prior to the marine conditions. An enhancement in CCN concentrations and
k values during the daytime along with absorption Ångström exponent was observed during the
marine conditions. Best closure obtained using measured critical diameter and ammonium sulfate
composition during continental conditions emphasizes the role of aged aerosols contributing to the
accumulation mode, enhancing the CCN efficiency. The overestimation of CCN and less
hygroscopicity of accumulation mode aerosols during the marine air mass indicate the role of
size-dependent aerosol composition in CCN activity during the period.
An Approach to Minimize Aircraft Motion Bias in Multi-Hole Probe Wind Measurements made by Small Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Al-Ghussain Loiy , Bailey Sean C. C.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Multi-hole probe mounted on an aircraft provide the air velocity vector relative to the aircraft, requiring knowledge of the aircraft spatial orientation, translation, and velocity to translate this information to an Earth-based reference frame and determine the wind vector. As the relative velocity of the aircraft is typically an order of magnitude higher than the wind velocity, the extracted wind velocity is very sensitive to multiple sources of error including misalignment of the probe and aircraft coordinate system axes, sensor error and misalignment in time of the probe and aircraft orientation measurements in addition to aerodynamic distortion of the velocity field by the aircraft. Here, we present an approach which can be applied after a flight to identify and correct biases which may be introduced into the final wind measurement. The approach was validated using a ground reference, different aircraft, and for the same aircraft at different times. The results indicate significant reduction in wind velocity variance at frequencies which correspond to aircraft motion.
Anthropogenic CO2 monitoring satellite mission: the need for multi-angle polarimetric observations
Authors: Rusli Stephanie P. , Hasekamp Otto , aan de Brugh Joost , Fu Guangliang , Meijer Yasjka , Landgraf Jochen
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have been known to be a major source of uncertainties in CO2 concentrations retrieved from space. In this study, we investigate the added value of multi-angle polarimeter (MAP) measurements in the context of the Copernicus candidate mission for anthropogenic CO2 monitoring (CO2M). To this end, we compare aerosol-induced XCO2 errors from standard retrievals using spectrometer only (without MAP) with those from retrievals using both MAP and spectrometer. MAP observations are expected to provide information about aerosols that is useful for improving XCO2 accuracy. For the purpose of this work, we generate synthetic measurements for different atmospheric and geophysical scenes over land, based on which XCO2 retrieval errors are assessed. We show that the standard XCO2 retrieval approach that makes no use of auxiliary aerosol observations returns XCO2 errors with an overall bias of 1.12 ppm, and a spread (defined as half of the 15.9th to the 84.1th percentile range) of 2.07 ppm. The latter is far higher than the required XCO2 accuracy (0.5 ppm) and precision (0.7 ppm) of the CO2M mission. Moreover, these XCO2 errors exhibit a significantly larger bias and scatter at high aerosol optical depth, high aerosol altitude, and low solar zenith angle, which could lead to a worse performance in retrieving XCO2 from polluted areas where CO2 and aerosols are co-emitted. We proceed to determine MAP instrument specifications in terms of wavelength range, number of viewing angles, and measurement uncertainties that are required to achieve XCO2 accuracy and precision targets of the mission. Two different MAP instrument concepts are considered in this analysis. We find that for either concept, MAP measurement uncertainties on radiance and degree of linear polarization should be no more than 3 % and 0.003, respectively. Adopting the derived MAP requirements, a retrieval exercise using both MAP and spectrometer measurements of the synthetic scenes delivers XCO2 errors with an overall bias of −0.004 ppm and a spread of 0.54 ppm, implying compliance with the CO2M mission requirements; the very low bias is especially important for proper emission estimates. For the test ensemble, we find effectively no dependence of the XCO2 errors on aerosol optical depth, altitude of the aerosol layer, and solar zenith angle. These results indicate a major improvement in the retrieved XCO2 accuracy with respect to the standard retrieval approach, which could lead to a higher data yield, better global coverage, and a more comprehensive determination of CO2 sinks and sources. As such, this outcome underlines the contribution of, and therefore the need for, a MAP instrument onboard the CO2M mission.
A 30-meter resolution dataset of China's urban impervious surface area and green space fractions, 2000–2018
Authors: Kuang Wenhui , Zhang Shu , Li Xiaoyong , Lu Dengsheng
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Urban impervious surface area (UISA) and urban green space (UGS) are two core components of cities for characterizing urban environments. Although several global or national urban land use/cover products such as Globeland30 and FROM-GLC are available, they cannot effectively delineate the complex intra-urban land cover components. Here we proposed a new approach to map fractional UISA and UGS in China using Google Earth Engine (GEE) based on multiple data sources. The first step is to extract the vector boundaries of urban areas from China's Land Use/cover Dataset (CLUD). The UISA was retrieved using the logistic regression from the Landsat-derived annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The UGS was developed through linear calibration between reference UGS from high spatial resolution image and the normalized NDVI. Thus, the China's UISA and UGS fraction datasets (CLUD-Urban) at 30-meter resolution are generated from 2000 to 2018. The overall accuracy of national urban areas is over 92 %. The root mean square errors of UISA and UGS fractions are 0.10 and 0.14, respectively. The datasets indicate that total urban area of China was 7.10 ×104 km2 in 2018, with average fractions of 70.70 % for UISA and 26.54 % for UGS. The UISA and UGS increased with unprecedented annual rates of 1,492.63 km2/yr and 400.43 km2/yr during 2000–2018. CLUD-Urban can enhance our understanding of urbanization impacts on ecological and urban dwellers’ environments, and can be used in such applications as urban planning, urban environmental studies and practices. The datasets can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3778424 (Kuang et al., 2020).
Towards a model for structured mass movements: the OpenLISEM Hazard model 2.0a
Authors: van den Bout Bastian , van Asch Theo W. J. , Hu Wei , Tang Chenxiao , Mavrouli Olga , Jetten Victor G. , van Westen Cees J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Mass movements such as debris flows and landslide differ in behavior due to their material properties and internal forces. Models employ generalized multi-phase flow equations to adaptively describe these complex flow types. However, models commonly assume unstructured and fragmented flow after initiation of movement. In this work, existing work on two-phase mass movement equations are extended to include a full stress-strain relationship that allows for runout of (semi-) structured fluid-solid masses. The work provides both the three-dimensional equations and depth-averaged simplifications. The equations are implemented in a hybrid Material Point Method (MPM) which allows for efficient simulation of stress-strain relationships on discrete smooth particles. Using this framework, the developed model is compared to several flume experiments of clay blocks impacting fixed obstacles. Here, both final deposit patterns and fractures compare well to simulations. Additionally, numerical tests are performed to showcase the range of dynamical behavior produced by the model. Important processes such as fracturing, fragmentation and fluid release are captured by the model. While this provides an important step towards complete mass movement models, several new opportunities arise such as ground-water flow descriptions and application to fragmenting mass movements and block-slides.
Estructura y distribución del poder en Arabia Saudí. Principales actores, instituciones y procesos de decisión
Authors: Hernández Martínez David
Published: June 2020

Arabia Saudí es uno de los países más relevantes de Oriente Medio y sus acciones tienen un alcance determinante en las dinámicas regionales. Bajo la estructura de una monarquía autoritaria, la Casa Saud ha desarrollado un Estado y organización social que responden exclusivamente a sus objetivos políticos. Este trabajo realiza un estudio de caso, analizando las correlaciones de fuerza dentro del reino, los actores e instituciones más relevantes en la distribución del poder y los espacios de conflicto entre las diversas facciones desde la constitución del reino en 1932 hasta la actualidad. La investigación busca responder cuáles son los factores internos que propician el dominio de la dinastía real y cuáles son sus debilidades. El propósito final es facilitar una mejor comprensión sobre el funcionamiento del Gobierno y Administración estatal.
Novel surgical technique for the management of biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures
Authors: Al-Munaizel Tariq , Al-Abbadi Abdulhamid , Al-Jarrah Raed , Aljbour Mohammad , Naffa Motaz , Oudat Eman , Alfaouri Ashraf , A Al-Omari Malek , Ghazzawi Imad , Smadi Sameer
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study presents an invented surgical technique for dealing with biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures with the potential to replace currently used methods in certain cases.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a novel surgical technique was introduced in the management of eight patients with bilioenteric strictures between January 2016 and May 2018.

Results: Our new technique was associated with a 100% success rate where patency of anastomosis was achieved in all patients along the 28 month follow-up period. Only two of the patients developed a complication including wound-site infection, and cholangitis at the 17th month follow-up. None of the patients developed intrahepatic biliary dilation or stricture recurrence.

Conclusion: This novel surgical approach may reduce recurrent medical and radiological interventions and the need for anastomosis revision. It may also lessen the rate of complications. However, larger scale studies are needed to confirm such findings.
Remoción de plomo en solución acuosa usando criogeles basados en polyacrylamide como adsorbente: Estudio de equilibrio en modo batch
Authors: Jarquín Pascua Martha , Lacayo Romero Martha
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue remover los iones plomo (Pb2+) presentes en soluciones acuosas mediante el uso de macroporos gel de polyacriamina (MPAAG) llamado criogel, como material adsorbente. Los MPAAG, se prepararon mediante una reacción de co-polimerización por radicales libres de acrilamida (AAm) y alil glicidil éter (AGE) y N, N-metilen-bis (acrilamida) (MBAAm) unidos a grupos funcionales epóxidos (epoxy-pAAm) a una concentración de 7,5 %, cuya reacción se realizó a -12 oC por 1 horas. Después del proceso de preparación el MPAAG se evaluó mediante la unión de los grupos ligandos del tris (2aminoethyl) amine (TREN) seguido del ácido bromoacético (BA).  La presencia del grupo amida y carboxilo en la estructura de los criogeles permitieron la remoción de plomo para aplicarlo en soluciones acuosas. La capacidad de remoción del plomo sobre el MPAAG-TBA ha sido determinando a diferentes pH, concentraciones del metal y tiempos de contacto. La técnica utilizada para la determinación de plomo en la solución acuosa fue el Espectrofotómetro de Absorción Atómica (AAS). La máxima capacidad de adsorción del MPAAG-TBA fue de 10,78 mg/L a pH5 en 30 minutos.  El equilibrio de adsorción se realizó a concentraciones de 20,72; 41,44; 82,88 y 165,75 mg/L respectivamente de iones de Pb2+ sobre el MPAAG-TBA, resultados obtenidos fueron ajustados al modelo Langmuir and Freundlich. La capacidad máxima de adsorción se determinó mediante el modelo de Lagmuir, los valores del intensidad de adsorción (RL) fueron menores que uno, indicando que la adsorción de plomo sobre el MPAAG-TBA es favorable, sin embargo no se ajustó al modelo en las primeras dos concentraciones. El coeficiente de regresión (R2) se utilizó el modelo de Freundlich y los valores de la intensidad (n) se encontraron en el intervalo de 1 a 10 considerándose favorable el proceso de remoción de Pb2+ sobre el MPAAG-TBA. Los resultados indican que los criogeles MPAAG-TBA podrían usarse como material adsorbente para remover los iones Pb2+ presentes en soluciones acuosas a bajas concentraciones.
Dinámica de coberturas de la tierra en la Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua, Nicaragua.
Authors: Ubeda Trujillo Ingrid , Rocha Lester
Published: June 2020

La Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua, Nicaragua (de ahora en adelante Subcuenca III de Managua) es considerada una zona estratégica para el desarrollo económico y social de Managua, por lo que la dinámica de las coberturas de la tierra que ocurren allí generan conflictos ambientales de diferentes magnitudes. Por lo tanto, la novedad del estudio es la evaluación de la dinámica a través probabilidades de transición Markovianas haciendo uso de imágenes de satélites Landsat. Además, con base en modelos de regresión logística se determinó las variables biofísicas y socioeconómicas que afectan las transiciones de cada cobertura de la tierra ocurridas en el tiempo. Y adicionalmente, con el método de Asignación Ordenada más los procedimientos anteriores se simulo al año 2025 la dinámica de cada cobertura. La capacidad predictiva de los modelos de regresión logística fue evaluada por el método de la curva ROC (Características operantes de un Receptor). Se consideraron los siguientes períodos: 1997-2003, 2003-2010, 2010-2016, 2016-2025 (simulado). Los resultados indicaron que en el área en estudio durante todos los períodos la agricultura predominó con pocas oscilaciones durante el tiempo. Para el período simulado existen altas probabilidades de que las áreas de bosque y urbano incrementen. Las transiciones estimadas durante los diferentes períodos observados reflejan un alta dinamismo entre las coberturas de la tierra. Durante la simulación, y con pocas excepciones, se observó un dinamismo similar con respecto al último período observado. Las variables biofísicas y socioeconómicas explican las transiciones de cobertura de la tierra en la Subcuenca III de Managua. Sin embargo, la influencia y los cambios de dirección de los efectos no fueron constantes en los períodos evaluados. Adicionalmente, los resultados de la validación indican que el modelo de cambio de coberturas de la tierra fue aceptable.
Project studies integrated into the working processes of companies
Authors: Fuchs-Kittowski Frank , Siegeris Juliane , Freiheit Jörn
Published: June 2020

This article describes and evaluates the concept of project studies in the part-time master's degree course "Professional IT-Business" at the HTW Berlin. The concept contains several elements which are intended to enable and support work process-integrated learning, or learning in real work processes and projects in companies. The concept presents as an innovative solution for competence development through project-oriented, work process-integrated forms of teaching and learning in cooperation between the university and companies. To evaluate the effectiveness of the concept of work-process-integrated project study, a survey among 31 students was carried out concurrently testing eight hypotheses. The descriptive analysis of the survey results allowed conclusions on the potential for change and improvement of the didactic concept underlying the project study. In addition to the description of the methodology and the results obtained, conclusions were drawn from the evaluations as well as perspectives on future applications of the work-process-integrated project study.
THE NATURE OF INNOVATION ECO-SYSTEM OF THE WESTERN KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Mergaliyeva Liliya
Published: June 2020

It was a strong belief that higher education institutions are notoriously resistant to change. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have quickly and effectively moved millions of students and educators online despite huge logistical and technological challenges. There are very few industries that have reacted in this way. In future leading universities will look for a new business model and apply disruptive innovations into the leaning process.Today is a right time for planning a long term innovation strategy. In recent years Kazakh higher education development has been accompanied by intensive economic growth and raising demand for high qualifies employers. The aim of this research is to reveal the ways of implementing high innovation and creativity approach in universities under example of Western Kazakhstan State University. This study examines the factors determining conditions for development of innovation culture across the university and industry. The methodology is based on expert interviews, reflective experiences; surveying research for innovation, incorporating the information on innovation landscape map, university infrastructure, human resources, PESTEL analysis as well as industry overview. The results show that WKSU needs frugal innovation, as it provides a new entrepreneurial landscape for companies in low-income countries with limited resources to develop innovations.
The Moderator Effect of Researchers' Team Tenure Heterogeneity on the Relationship Between Improvisation Behavior and Innovative Performance in Henan Province, China
Authors: Li Ming , Amponstira Fuangfa
Published: June 2020

With the face of a highly uncertain market environment, an empirical study of researchers in Henan Province found that improvisational behavior has a positive effect on innovation performance, and that team tenure heterogeneity has a significant moderating effect between improvisational behavior and innovative performance. Therefore, we propose a coping strategy to improve innovative performance form the use of team tenure heterogeneity to form a scientific research team and create an environment conducive to improvisational behavior.