bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution-free prediction intervals with conformal prediction for acoustical estimation
Authors: Khurjekar Ishan , Gerstoft Peter
Published: October 2024

Acoustical parameter estimation is a routine task in many domains. The performance of existing estimation methods is affected by external uncertainty, yet the methods provide no measure of confidence in the estimates. Hence, it is crucial to quantify estimate uncertainty before real-world deployment. Conformal prediction (CP) generates statistically valid prediction intervals for any estimation model using calibration data; a limitation is that calibration data needed by CP must come from the same distribution as the test-time data. In this work, we propose to use CP to obtain statistically valid uncertainty intervals for acoustical parameter estimation using a data-driven model or an analytical model without training data. We consider direction-of-arrival estimation and localization of sources. The performance is validated on plane wave data with different sources of uncertainty, including ambient noise, interference, and sensor location uncertainty. The application of CP for data-driven and traditional propagation models is demonstrated. Results show that CP can be used for statistically valid uncertainty quantification with proper calibration data.
Strategic deployment in the deep: Principled underwater sensor placement optimization with three-dimensional acoustic map
Authors: Zhu Xiaohan , Wang Ye , Fang Zeyu , Cheng Lei , Li Jianlong
Published: October 2024

Underwater acoustic sensors are vital for monitoring marine environments and detecting targets, but their optimal placement presents challenges, particularly in deep-sea environments. This paper addresses the question of determining the optimal sensor placement in a specific ocean region through a principled optimization approach. While previous studies mainly utilized heuristic algorithms without exploiting problem-specific structures, this work explores leveraging the complex three-dimensional acoustic environment through principled modeling and tailored optimization. Specifically, intricate three-dimensional multi-directional acoustic maps are constructed for each sensor. Based on these maps, the sensor placement problem is then cast as an integer linear programming, allowing the study to leverage established theoretical results from operations research. Additionally, an alternative algorithm with its performance indicator is presented to find near-optimal solutions efficiently and can empirically reach over 99% coverage of the optimal solution. Experimental results using real-life data from the South China Sea demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving much larger detection coverage compared to random and empirical strategies. Notably, the alternative fast algorithm approaches the optimal solution in significantly less time. Furthermore, experiments show that any further simplification of this approach leads to the performance degradation.
Mechanism of bacterial predation via ixotrophy
Authors: Lien Yun-Wei , Amendola Davide , Lee Kang Soo , Bartlau Nina , Xu Jingwei , Furusawa Go , Polz Martin F. , Stocker Roman , Weiss Gregor L. , Pilhofer Martin
Published: October 2024

Ixotrophy is a contact-dependent predatory strategy of filamentous bacteria in aquatic environments for which the molecular mechanism remains unknown. We show that predator-prey contact can be established by gliding motility or extracellular assemblages we call “grappling hooks.” Cryo–electron microscopy identified the grappling hooks as heptamers of a type IX secretion system substrate. After close predator-prey contact is established, cryo–electron tomography and functional assays showed that puncturing by a type VI secretion system mediated killing. Single-cell analyses with stable isotope–labeled prey revealed that prey components are taken up by the attacker. Depending on nutrient availability, insertion sequence elements toggle the activity of ixotrophy. A marine metagenomic time series shows coupled dynamics of ixotrophic bacteria and prey. We found that the mechanism of ixotrophy involves multiple cellular machineries, is conserved, and may shape microbial populations in the environment.
A flagellar accessory protein links chemotaxis to surface sensing
Authors: Salemi Rachel I. , Cruz Ana K. , Hershey David M.
Published: October 2024

Bacteria find suitable locations for colonization by sensing and responding to surfaces. Complex signaling repertoires control surface colonization, and surface contact sensing by the flagellum plays a central role in activating colonization programs.
Caulobacter crescentus
adheres to surfaces using a polysaccharide adhesin called the holdfast. In
C. crescentus
, disruption of the flagellum through interactions with a surface or mutation of flagellar genes increases holdfast production. Our group previously identified several
C. crescentus
genes involved in flagellar surface sensing. One of these,
fssF
, codes for a protein with homology to the flagellar C-ring protein FliN. We show here that a fluorescently tagged FssF protein localizes to the flagellated pole of the cell and requires all components of the flagellar C-ring for proper localization, supporting the model that FssF associates with the C-ring. Deleting
fssF
results in a severe motility defect, which we show is due to a disruption of chemotaxis. Epistasis experiments demonstrate that
fssF
promotes adhesion through a stator-dependent pathway when late-stage flagellar mutants are disrupted. Separately, we find that disruption of chemotaxis through deletion of
fssF
or other chemotaxis genes results in a hyperadhesion phenotype. Key genes in the surface sensing network (
pleD
,
motB
, and
dgcB
) contribute to both ∆
flgH-
dependent and ∆
fssF-
dependent hyperadhesion, but these genes affect adhesion differently in the two hyperadhesive backgrounds. Our results support a model in which the stator subunits of the flagella incorporate both mechanical and chemical signals to regulate adhesion.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial biofilms pose a threat in clinical and industrial settings. Surface sensing is one of the first steps in biofilm formation. Studying surface sensing can improve our understanding of biofilm formation and develop preventative strategies. In this study, we use the freshwater bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
to study surface sensing and the regulation of surface attachment. We characterize a previously unstudied gene,
fssF
, and find that it localizes to the cell pole in the presence of three proteins that make up a component of the flagellum called the C-ring. Additionally, we find that
fssF
is required for chemotaxis behavior but dispensable for swimming motility. Lastly, our results indicate that deletion of
fssF
and other genes required for chemotaxis results in a hyperadhesive phenotype. These results support that surface sensing requires chemotaxis for a robust response to a surface.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the interplay between pulmonary microbiome and host in immunocompromised patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Lu Fan , Huang Ting , Chen Ruichang , Yin Haiyan
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms behind the high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in severe sepsis remain unclear. While microbiota’s role in immune regulation is known, the impact of pulmonary microbiota on sepsis progression is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate pulmonary microbial characteristics in septic patients and their relationship with host immune-related genes and clinical features. Fifty-four sepsis patients were divided into the immunocompromised host (ICH) group (
n
= 18) and the control group (
n
= 36). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assess the pulmonary microbiome, and transcriptomic sequencing evaluated host gene expression. The pulmonary microbiota network in the ICH group showed notable alterations. Symbiotic bacteria like
Streptococcus salivarius
and
Streptococcus oralis
were key taxa in the control group. In contrast, opportunistic pathogens such as
Campylobacter concisus
and
Prevotella melaninogenica
, typically linked to infections in various body sites, dominated in the ICH group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential genes between the two groups. The downregulated differential genes in the ICH group were primarily enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation and the Type I interferon signaling pathway, both crucial for the immune system. Further correlation analysis identified significant associations between certain microbes and host genes, as well as clinical indicators, particularly with species like
Campylobacter concisus
,
Streptococcus salivarius
,
Streptococcus oralis
, and several species of
Veillonella
. These findings suggest that alterations in the pulmonary microbiome, especially the presence of opportunistic pathogens, may contribute to immune dysregulation in immunocompromised septic patients, warranting further research to explore causal relationships.

IMPORTANCE

Recent research has substantiated the significant role of microbiota in immune regulation, which could influence high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in patients with severe sepsis, as well as provide new opportunities for acute lung injury induced by sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Our study identified some potential critical microbes (Campylobacter concisus and several species of Veillonella), which were correlated with immune-related genes and might be the novel target to regulate immunotherapy in sepsis.
Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA
Authors: Muhs Daniel R. , Schumann R. Randall , Minor Scott A. , Groves Lindsey T.
Published: October 2024

This one-day field trip explores northeastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw, in native Chumash), a part of Channel Islands National Park, USA. The geomorphology of eastern Santa Cruz Island has been controlled largely by active tectonics and sea-level fluctuations. The bedrock is Miocene volcanic rock overlain by Miocene shale and siltstone. The island has experienced Quaternary uplift, perhaps due to movement along an offshore thrust fault. Smaller faults are exposed in sea cliffs and have displaced Miocene rocks. Superimposed upon island uplift, there have been Quaternary sea-level fluctuations from interglacial-glacial climate changes. Interglacial high-sea stands are recorded as marine terraces. The last major interglacial period, ~120,000 years ago, left only small remnants of marine terraces. Most evidence of this high-sea stand was eroded away in the Holocene. However, a prominent marine terrace is preserved at 75–120 m above sea level. Some fossil mollusks from the deposits of this terrace, probably reworked, have given ages as old as Pliocene, but most yield ages of 2.6–2.0 Ma. The age and elevation of this terrace indicate a very low rate of tectonic uplift, similar to nearby Anacapa Island. A low uplift rate explains the absence or scarcity of younger terraces, including that of the last interglacial period. Low stands of sea (glacial periods) exposed the insular shelf, rich in carbonate skeletal sand. During glacial periods, these sands were entrained by the wind, deposited as dunes on marine terraces, and cemented into eolianite. Clay-rich Vertisols with silt mantles have developed on eolianites and terraces of the island, partly from in situ weathering, but also from inputs of Mojave Desert dust during Santa Ana wind events. This guide includes stops at Scorpion Anchorage, Cavern Point, and Potato Harbor. It provides insights into the bedrock, coastal geomorphology, fossiliferous marine terraces, eolianite, Vertisols, and the three formations on eastern Santa Cruz Island: the Santa Cruz Island Volcanics, the Monterey Formation, and the Potato Harbor Formation.
Crustal bobbing in response to lithospheric foundering recorded by detrital proxy records from the central Andean Plateau
Authors: Carrapa B. , Jepson G. , DeCelles P.G. , George S.W.M. , Ducea M. , Campbell C. , Dawson (née Canavan) R.R.
Published: October 2024

Lithospheric foundering is an important mechanism of crustal deformation and recycling, basin subsidence, and surface uplift in orogenic systems. The Arizaro Basin, in the Puna region of NW Argentina, is a place where foundering was proposed to have taken place during the late Miocene. The Arizaro Basin has been described as a “bobber” basin produced by Miocene lithospheric foundering. The geometry, sedimentology, deformation, and paleoelevation history of the Arizaro Basin and surrounding arc suggest dynamic processes associated with lithospheric removal. Although analogue and numerical models support this hypothesis, the history of crustal thickness in response to lithospheric removal remains unconstrained. Here, we used a novel approach exploiting the geochemistry of detrital zircons from volcanic ashes intercalated within the Arizaro Basin stratigraphy to reconstruct the paleocrustal thickness of the neighboring magmatic sources throughout the Cenozoic. Our data indicate that the sources of volcanism for the Arizaro Basin were characterized by relatively thick crust (~53 km) since ca. 36 Ma. Thickening between ca. 20 and 13 Ma and thinning after ca. 13 Ma are consistent with formation and subsequent removal of a crustal root under the nearby arc and Aguas Calientes caldera.
Global burden of vaccine-associated uveitis and their related vaccines, 1967–2023
Authors: Oh Jiyeon , Park Seoyoung , Park Jaeyu , Jo Hyesu , Lee Hayeon , Udeh Raphael , Rahmati Masoud , Yang Jee Myung , Lee Joo Yong , Yon Dong Keon
Published: October 2024

Although uveitis after vaccination is rare, reports emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the pharmacovigilance case/non-case study from 1967 to 2023 to assess the association between vaccines and uveitis. We identified a significant signal for uveitis (reporting OR (ROR), 1.64; information component (IC)025, 0.66) with 1508 reports. This association is pronounced in females of all ages after childhood. Specifically, the COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines showed the strongest disproportionality signal (ROR, 5.76; IC025, 2.33), followed by hepatitis B, papillomavirus, Ad (Adenovirus) 5-vectored COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. These findings underscore the importance of surveillance in the postmarketing phase to manage potential adverse events associated with vaccine administration.
Rates of fall injuries across three claims databases, 2019
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F , Dunphy Christopher , Haddad Yara K , Chen Jufu , Alic Alen , Thomas Karen , Wolkin Amy F
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In 2021, among all age groups, falls ranked as the third leading cause of unintentional injury death in the USA. Unlike fatal data, which rely on death certificates as the gold standard, there is not a gold standard for non-fatal data. Non-fatal falls data are often based on insurance claims or administrative billing data. The purpose of our study is to compare three claims databases to estimate rates of unintentional fall-related hospitalisations in 2019, the most recent year of available data across the three sources.

Methods

Three databases were used to produce incidence rates of fall-related hospitalisations for the year 2019: (1) Merative MarketScan research databases, (2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data and (3) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample. Inpatient falls were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Incidence rates per 100 000 people were then produced across all three datasets by payer type. Unadjusted incidence rate ratios were estimated with corresponding 95% CIs.

Results

There were wide disparities among fall rates between the three datasets by payer type. HCUP had the highest rate of falls among Medicare (1087.6 per 100 000) and commercial enrollees (74.7 per 100 000), while CMS had the highest rates of falls among Medicaid enrollees (148.0 per 100 000).

Conclusions

This study shows wide variation in fall hospitalisation rates based on the claims data used to estimate rates. This study suggests that database selection is an important consideration when determining incidence of non-fatal falls.
Association of housing tenure and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes in Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Mehrabadi Azar , Shapiro Gabriel D , Bushnik Tracey , Kaufman Jay , Yang Seungmi
Published: October 2024

Background

Socioeconomic risk factors are known drivers of adverse birth outcomes. Housing is a key target for policy interventions.

Objective

To estimate the associations of housing tenure (renting vs owning) and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

We used 2014–2016 Canadian birth registration data linked with the 2016 long-form census and included singleton births among homeowners and renters. Unaffordable housing was defined at the family level as the proportion of pre-tax income spent on shelter, using a 30% cut-off. The primary outcome was preterm birth. Secondary outcomes were stillbirth and infant death. Log-binomial regression estimated the association of housing tenure and unaffordability with outcomes adjusting for sociodemographic risk factors and parity.

Results

Among 162 700 live births and stillbirths (52 740 renters, 109 960 owners), 31% of renters and 17% of owners experienced unaffordable housing. Renting was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (7.5% vs 6.1%; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.13; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.17), stillbirth (9.5 vs 6.6 per 1000; aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.56) and infant death (4.2 vs 3.0 per 1000; aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.82). There was no association of housing unaffordability with preterm birth or other adverse birth outcomes among owners or renters.

Conclusions

This nationally representative study in Canada found associations between renting versus owning and preterm birth, stillbirth and infant death, as well as a high burden of unaffordable housing, particularly among renters. This study suggests that home tenure itself is a social determinant of adverse birth outcomes.
Gearing up: Methods for quantifying gear density for fixed-gear commercial fisheries in the U.S. Atlantic
Authors: Miller Alicia S. , Solinger Laura K. , Shank Burton , Huamani Alessandra , Asaro Michael J. , Sigourney Douglas
Published: October 2024

Fixed-gear commercial fisheries are unique due to their occupancy nature, claiming areas of the ocean for discrete periods. As space conflicts arise from competing ocean uses, there is an increased need to understand and categorize fixed-gear fisheries to incorporate into marine spatial planning (MSP) efforts. We used fishery-dependent data and input from stakeholders to discern fleet dynamics of all gillnet and trap/pot fisheries in U.S. waters of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. A Fixed-Gear Fishery Layer (FGFL) was developed combining fishery subgroups that were categorized around gear type, gear configuration, and species landed. Fishing effort from each subgroup was spatially allocated onto a 1 nm2 (1.9 km2) grid using methods that relied on the level of detail available from trip reporting and monitoring, each with differing degrees of spatial resolution. This stepwise process allowed trips reported with minimal spatial detail to be included while not compromising trips where greater spatial precision existed. We demonstrate how the FGFL has been used for two MSP projects focused on protected species conservation and wind energy development.
Inter-disks inversion surfaces
Authors: Pugliese D. , Stuchlík Z.
Published: October 2024

We consider a counter-rotating torus orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH) with dimensionless spin a, and its accretion flow into the BH, in an agglomerate of an outer counter-rotating torus and an inner co-rotating torus. This work focus is the analysis of the inter-disks inversion surfaces. Inversion surfaces are spacetime surfaces, defined by the condition $$u^{\phi }=0$$

u
ϕ

=
0

on the flow torodial velocity, located out of the BH ergoregion, and totally embedding the BH. They emerge as a necessary condition, related to the spacetime frame-dragging, for the counter-rotating flows into the central Kerr BH. In our analysis we study the inversion surfaces of the Kerr spacetimes for the counter-rotating flow from the outer torus, impacting on the inner co-rotating disk. Being totally or partially embedded in (internal to) the inversion surfaces, the inner co-rotating torus (or jet) could be totally or in part “shielded”, respectively, from the impact with flow with $$a u^{\phi }<0$$

a

u
ϕ

<
0

. We prove that, in general, in the spacetimes with $$a<0.551$$

a
<
0.551

the co-rotating toroids are always external to the accretion flows inversion surfaces. For $$0.551<a<0.886$$

0.551
<
a
<
0.886

, co-rotating toroids could be partially internal (with the disk inner region, including the inner edge) in the flow inversion surface. For BHs with $$a>0.886$$

a
>
0.886

, a co-rotating torus could be entirely embedded in the inversion surface and, for larger spins, it is internal to the inversion surfaces. Tori orbiting in the BH outer ergoregion are a particular case. Further constraints on the BHs spins are discussed in the article.
The Generalized 3-Connectivity of a Family of Regular Networks
Authors: Wang Jing , Luan Xidao , Huang Yuanqiu
Published: October 2024

The generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number of internally edge disjoint [Formula: see text]-trees for any [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of a graph is a natural extension of the classical connectivity and can be served as an essential parameter for measuring reliability and fault tolerance of the network. Hierarchical interconnection networks (HIN’s) are very important in applications related to the modern interconnection networks since they posses many desirable properties. In this paper, we firstly introduce a family of regular networks [Formula: see text] that can be obtained from [Formula: see text] by adding a matching, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are vertex-disjoint subgraphs and each [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a given graph [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Then we determine the generalized 3-connectivity of [Formula: see text]. As applications of the main result, the generalized 3-connectivity of some HIN’s, such as the hierarchical star network [Formula: see text], the hierarchical cubic network [Formula: see text] and the hierarchical folded hypercube [Formula: see text], can be determined immediately.
Equivariant characteristic classes of singular hypersurfaces
Authors: Grulha N. G. , Monteiro A. , Morgado M. F. Z.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce definitions for the integrated equivariant Milnor number [Formula: see text] and the equivariant Milnor class [Formula: see text], for singular hypersurfaces. We prove that the [Formula: see text] are constant on the strata in a Whitney stratification of [Formula: see text], along with the correlation [Formula: see text] for hypersurfaces hosting isolated singularities [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the [Formula: see text]th equivariant Milnor class of [Formula: see text].

We also introduce the equivariant Fulton–Johnson class of singular hypersurfaces. We give an equivariant version of Verdier’s specialization morphism in homology, and also for constructible functions. This is used for finding a relation between equivariant Fulton–Johnson and Schwartz–MacPherson classes.
On pseudo-effective cones of projective bundles and volume function
Authors: Misra Snehajit , Singh Anoop
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we compute the pseudo-effective cones of various projective bundles [Formula: see text] over higher dimensional varieties [Formula: see text] under some assumptions on [Formula: see text] as well as on the vector bundle [Formula: see text]. We also compute the volume function on fiber product [Formula: see text] of two projective bundles over a smooth irreducible complex projective curve [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that the volume function on the fiber product of two ruled surfaces is of polynomial type.
Adaptive communication power control for enhancing attack resilience in UAV networks
Authors: Zhong Linfeng , Zhang Lei , Yang Hao , Chen Pengfei , Zhong Qingwei , Hu Fei , Huang Jin
Published: October 2024

A swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) comprises multiple UAVs that are capable of completing tasks beyond the capabilities of a single UAV. Due to the unique challenges of UAV missions, these vehicles often operate far from base stations, making network connectivity crucial for the successful completion of UAV swarm missions. However, existing methods do not account for strategies to maintain the overall connectivity of the UAV network when nodes are under attack. To address this issue, we propose a method named Adaptive Communication Power Control (ACPC) that dynamically adjusts UAV communication power to mitigate potential connectivity losses caused by node failures or malicious attacks. This adjustment ensures that the network can maintain information exchange among the remaining UAVs even in the event of disruptions. Additionally, we introduce a novel evaluation method to assess the overall connectivity of the network and validate ACPC through simulations of UAV swarm missions where some UAVs experience failures. Using this evaluation method, we measured the network’s state before and after attacks and recovery and calculated the additional energy consumption required by the UAVs. The results indicate that our method can increase the resilience of the UAV network by up to 5.36 times, while only raising the total communication energy consumption to 1.53 times.
Fermionic decay of charged Higgs boson in low-mass region in Georgi–Machacek model
Authors: Ghosh Swagata
Published: October 2024

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), ATLAS and CMS collaborations observed various decay modes of the light charged Higgs bosons produced by top (anti)quark decays. In this paper, we are interested in the subsequent decay of the light charged Higgs boson into a charm and a strange quark–antiquark pair and into a tau and a tau–neutrino pair, separately, in the context of the Georgi–Machacek model, which offers a large triplet vacuum expectation value (VEV) preserving custodial symmetry. We show that these experimental observations constrain the triplet VEV from above. We explore the model parameter space consistent with the theoretical constraints, the latest Higgs data and the experimental data for light charged Higgs decaying to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Light hypernuclei at the boundary of neutron stability
Authors: Kornilova A. S. , Lanskoy D. E. , Mikheev S. A. , Sidorov S. V. , Tretyakova T. Y.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we determine the location of the neutron drip line for light [Formula: see text] hypernuclei. Predictions are made for elements up to carbon within the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock approach. It is shown that [Formula: see text]Li, [Formula: see text]B and [Formula: see text]C with unstable nuclear cores are bound whereas [Formula: see text]He and [Formula: see text]Be are not.
Directed flow of protons in Xe+CsI collisions at the energy of 3.8AGeV at BM@N (NICA)
Authors: Mamaev Mikhail
Published: October 2024

Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N) is a fixed-target experiment designed to probe the properties of the strongly interacting matter in the region of high baryon densities. In the beginning of 2023, BM@N has conducted the first physical experiment collecting several hundred millions of [Formula: see text] collisions at the beam energy of 3.8A[Formula: see text]GeV ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV). We report the preliminary results for the directed flow [Formula: see text] of protons with respect to the spectator symmetry plane from the first physics run at the BM@N facility. The results were compared with the existing data from previous measurements of directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the beam energies of several GeV.
SATURNE: Current status and physics potential
Authors: Cadeddu M. , Dordei F. , Giunti C. , Ivashkin A. P. , Kouzakov K. A. , Lazarev F. M. , Moskalev O. A. , Stepantsov I. S. , Studenikin A. I. , Tkachev I. I. , Trofimov V. N. , Verkhovtsev M. A. , Vyalkov M. M. , Yukhimchuk A. A. , Zagirdinova E. F.
Published: October 2024

The SArov Tritium Neutrino Experiment (SATURNE), will study neutrino–atom collisions at unprecedentedly low energies for neutrino scattering experiments. A high-intensity tritium source of electron antineutrinos will be employed, with a total tritium mass of at least 1 kg (about 10 MCi) and possibly up to 4[Formula: see text]kg (about 40 MCi). The goal of SATURNE is to provide the first experimental evidence of coherent elastic neutrino-atom scattering and to search for the neutrino magnetic moment. It is expected that the detection and measurement of the elastic neutrino–atom interaction channel will be achieved using a 1–m3 liquid He-4 detector in a superfluid state. With five-year data from this detector, one will be able to probe the neutrino magnetic moment at a level of [Formula: see text], which is an order of magnitude better than the world-leading upper limits. SATURNE will also study the ionization channel of neutrino-atom scattering. To this end, a cryogenic 4-kg Si crystal detector and a low-temperature 14-kg SrI2(Eu) scintillation detector are being developed. Both detectors will have record low energy thresholds for their respective detector types. They are expected to achieve a sensitivity to the electron-antineutrino [Formula: see text] value of the order of [Formula: see text] already after one year of taking data.
An overview of recent STAR jet measurements
Authors: Sahoo Nihar Ranjan
Published: October 2024

These proceedings discuss recent jet measurements by the STAR experiment at RHIC to study jet substructure in [Formula: see text] and jet quenching in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV. Furthermore, STAR’s future plans for precision jet measurements with the upcoming data-taking periods in 2023–2025 are presented.
INVESTIGATION THE SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METHYLCELLULOSE/TiO2 POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
Authors: ALROWAILY ALBANDARI W. , ALOTAIBI B. M. , ATTA A. , ABDELTWAB E. , ABDELHAMIED M. M.
Published: October 2024

Flexible polymer nanocomposite composed of organic methylcellulose (MC) and semiconducting titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were successfully prepared. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) recorded the structure characteristics of the films, proving that MC/TiO2 nanocomposite were successfully synthesized. The EDX showed that this composite was composed of (28.55% C, 50.90% O, and 20.55% Ti), which displayed the chemical composition of MC/TiO2. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the TiO2 nanoparticles are loaded homogenously in the nanocomposite films. With increasing the TiO2, the FTIR intensity of most peaks gradually decreased which may be attributed to that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were formed on the methylcellulose (MC). The UV spectrophotometer records the data of absorption (A) for the MC and MC/TiO2 films between 200[Formula: see text]nm and 1100[Formula: see text]nm at the ambient temperature. Using Tauc’s relation, the linear/nonlinear optical characteristics of MC and MC/TiO2 films were computed. By mixing MC with 2%, 4%, and 6% TiO2, the Urbach energy of the MC is enhanced from 1.77[Formula: see text]eV to 1.85, 2.02, and 2.34[Formula: see text]eV, correspondingly, while the TiO2 reduced the energy gap of MC from 5.17[Formula: see text]eV to 3.59, 3.52, or 3.43[Formula: see text]eV. Moreover, the carbon cluster increased from 44 for MC to 92, 95, and 101 for MC mixed by 2%, 4%, and 6% TiO2. This study found the MC/TiO2 hybrid films can potentially be used as optical materials for flexible electronic devices.
EVALUATION OF SACROILIAC JOINT INVOLVEMENT IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN BASRAH
Authors: Aldiwan Ali , Radhi Aliaa Mohammed , Saeed Mubder A. Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Sickle cell disease is a common hemoglobinopathy in Iraq, specifically in Basrah province. Sacroiliac joint involvement is rarely reported in the literature.

Objectives: To find out how often the sacroiliac joint is involved in sickler patients and to describe its clinical and radiological features using plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah arthroplasty center and Basrah Center for Hereditary Diseases from the 1st of October 2021 to the 1st of December 2022. A prepared questionnaire was used for data collection which focused on the history and clinical examination of all patients with sickle cell disease with or without lower backache. Radiological imaging was offered to all patients and MRI to selected patients.

Results: A total of 217 patients with sickle cell disease were involved. 62 (28.6%) of patients with sickle cell disease have lower back pain, and it is mostly common in patients with moderate severity — 43 patients (19.8%) — according to VAS score. FABER test was positive in 43 (19.8%) of patients with sickle cell disease and lower backache. Plain radiography was positive in about one-fifth of the enrolled patients in the study 44/217 (20.3%). MRI was able to detect an abnormality in 19/31 (64.2%) of the examined cases, and the most common MRI finding is subchondral sclerosis.

Conclusions: The sacroiliac joint is involved in sickle cell disease but the diagnosis is vague, requiring comprehensive history, clinical and specific radiological imaging.
Sobolev and BV functions on RCD spaces via the short-time behavior of the heat kernel
Authors: Brena Camillo , Pasqualetto Enrico , Pinamonti Andrea
Published: October 2024

In the setting of finite-dimensional [Formula: see text] spaces, we characterize the [Formula: see text]-Sobolev spaces for [Formula: see text] and the space of functions of bounded variation in terms of the short-time behavior of the heat flow. Moreover, we prove that Cheeger [Formula: see text]-energies and total variations can be computed as limits of nonlocal functionals involving the heat kernel.
An existence theory for nonlinear superposition operators of mixed fractional order
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Perera Kanishka , Sportelli Caterina , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: October 2024

We establish the existence of multiple solutions for a nonlinear problem of critical type. The problem considered is fractional in nature, since it is obtained by the superposition of [Formula: see text]-fractional Laplacians of different orders. The results obtained are new even in the case of the sum of two different fractional [Formula: see text]-Laplacians, or the sum of a fractional [Formula: see text]-Laplacian and a classical [Formula: see text]-Laplacian, but our framework is general enough to address also the sum of finitely, or even infinitely many, operators. In fact, we can also consider the superposition of a continuum of operators, modulated by a general signed measure on the fractional exponents. When this measure is not positive, the contributions of the individual operators to the whole superposition operator is allowed to change sign. In this situation, our structural assumption is that the positive measure on the higher fractional exponents dominates the rest of the signed measure.
The Noise of Our Daily Motion: General Spectral Characteristics of Human Mobility and Activity
Authors: Maczák Bálint , Antal András , Vadai Gergely
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, a strong focus has emerged on exploring the scale-independent nature of our daily spatial motion. Similarly, heavy-tailed distributions have been observed for human locomotor activity, measured by actigraphs in medical fields. We recently proved that the raw acceleration data and also the activity signals calculated from them in diverse ways exhibit a general spectral characteristic; 1/f noise is observable above a certain cutoff frequency, while white noise and peaks corresponding to daily rhythms are visible at lower frequencies. We show that this pattern is strikingly similar to what we found earlier for GPS data and this similarity raises fundamental questions like what is the relation between human mobility and physical activity, what are the benefits of the analysis from this perspective, and how it helps us to better understand and model the scale-independent nature of human dynamics.
Large deviation principle for backward stochastic differential equations with a stochastic Lipschitz condition on z
Authors: Shi Yufeng , Wen Jiaqiang , Yang Zhi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we provide a probabilistic interpretation of the viscosity solution of a parabolic partial differential equation through the solution of a class of quadratic backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Additionally, we demonstrate the convergence and the large deviation principle for the solutions of these quadratic BSDEs, which are linked to a family of Markov processes with diffusion coefficients that tend toward zero.
MULTILAYER STOCHASTIC BLOCK MODELS FOR COMMUNITY DETECTION IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS
Authors: KENARI HAMED KABIRI , ESHGHI FARSHAD , KELARESTAGHI MANOOCHEHR
Published: October 2024

Heterogeneous networks have multiple types of nodes and edges. Single-layer stochastic block model (SBM), bipartite SBM, and multiplex SBM have been proposed as a tool for detecting community structure in networks and generating synthetic networks for use as benchmarks. Yet, any SBM has not been introduced specifically for detecting community in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we introduce heterogeneous multilayer SBMs for detecting communities in heterogeneous networks. According to these models, we look at heterogeneous networks as multilayer networks, which means each edge type shows one layer. We can categorize these models into two broad groups, those based on the independent degree principle and other based on the shared degree principle. According to our results, in general, the independent degree model has better performance in networks that have less common communities between nodes types. In contrast, the shared degree model has better performance in networks which have more common communities between nodes types. Also, we show that our models outperform in real-world networks. If we put aside the exception case, simulation results and real data applications show the effectiveness of these proposed models compared to single-layer models that are applied to heterogeneous networks.
Machine Learning–Finite Element Mesh Optimization-Based Modeling and Prediction of Excavation-Induced Shield Tunnel Ground Settlement
Authors: Hu Da , Hu Yongjia , Hu Rong , Tan Ze , Ni Pengpeng , Chen Yu , Xiang Xuejuan , Li Yongsuo , Liu Jing
Published: October 2024

Ground settlement prediction for shield construction is highly important and challenging. This study introduces a machine learning algorithm combined with finite element numerical simulation, i.e., machine learning–finite element mesh optimization. For surface subsidence prediction, 16 combination models of ANN, KNN, RF and SVR were optimized by PSO, GA, BT and BO, involving raw data preprocessing, principal component analysis, hyperparameter selection and prediction accuracy evaluation. A subway shield tunneling project was analyzed, in which the meshes of finite element numerical models were discretized into different sizes from 1.0[Formula: see text]m to 2.0[Formula: see text]m. In total, 360 sets of data points were extracted from the simulation results, including stress, strain, shield jacking force, internal friction angle, cohesion force, and settlement, of which 252 data points were used as the input parameters of machine learning model. Analysis of average error rate of finite element–machine learning coupling models showed that the finite element model had the highest accuracy of settlement prediction when the mesh size of the finite element model was 1.4[Formula: see text]m, and the GA-SVR model had the highest accuracy and generalization ability in ground settlement prediction. This study highlights the uniqueness of machine learning–finite element mesh optimization model in application.
Solution of Third-Order Ordinary Linear Differential Equations in Discriminant Domains Implementing the Variational Iteration Method
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Saghir Muhammad Zain , Ashfaq Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Particularly in challenging discriminant cases, this study offers a fresh perspective on solving ordinary linear differential equations of third order. The method leverages the Variational Iteration Method by approximating the solution based on initial conditions and incorporating a correction functional with an optimized generic Lagrange multiplier using variational theory. The result is a reduction in computational complexity and the provision of an effective solution for these equations. The findings reveal that the proposed technique can yield approximate solutions with a minimal number of iterations, sometimes even with a single iteration, depending on the specific problem and initial conditions. This contribution significantly advances the field of differential equations, offering a fresh and efficient approach to tackle complex scenarios. We anticipate widespread adoption of this method for solving critical problems and for enhancing our comprehension of this fundamental area of mathematics.
Enhancement of Electrical Properties and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composited by Copper Nanowires
Authors: Yang Xi , Tian Ran , Li Hui , An Yu-Qiang , Li Juan , Wang Jin , Su Yang , Yang Xing , Ge Zhen-Hua
Published: October 2024

Polypropylene materials have attracted much attention due to their wide using temperature zones and are nonpoisonous. However, the poor electrical and thermal properties limit their application. In this work, the Cu nanowires with the single phase structure and uniform microstructure were successfully synthesized by tuning the reaction time. Then, the Cu nanowires were in the polypropylene matrix to optimize the electrical transport properties and thermal transport properties. The results show that the resistance of Cu nanowire-composited samples decreases by orders of magnitude, the resistance for the PP[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text]wt% Cu nanowires sample is [Formula: see text], which is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the pristine sample due to the addition carrier transport path. Besides, the thermal diffusion coefficient of the Cu nanowire-composited sample increases to 0.194[Formula: see text]mm2[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], which is 12.7% higher than that of the pristine sample. The improvement in electrical transport properties and thermal transport properties for polypropylene materials can be applied in the field of package materials, which can reduce energy consumption and the occurrence of safety accidents in the production process.
Lie ideals, Jordan ideals and n-additive mappings in semiprime rings
Authors: Ghosh Sourav
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-torsion free semiprime ring with center [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be two [Formula: see text]-additive mappings with traces [Formula: see text], respectively. Sǒgǔtchǔ and Gǒlbasi [E. K. Sǒgǔtchǔ and Ǒ. Gǒlbasi, Commutativity theorems on Lie ideals with symmetric bi-derivations in semiprime rings, Asian Eur. J. Math. 16(7) (2023) 2350129] studied the following identities for symmetric bi-derivations:

(i) [Formula: see text], (ii) [Formula: see text], (iii) [Formula: see text], (iv) [Formula: see text], (v) [Formula: see text], (vi) [Formula: see text], (vii) [Formula: see text], (viii) [Formula: see text], (ix) [Formula: see text], (x) [Formula: see text], (xi) [Formula: see text], (xii) [Formula: see text],

for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a square closed Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] and then obtained that [Formula: see text] contains a nonzero central ideal. In this paper, we prove that the conclusion of above results holds for trace of any [Formula: see text]-additive mapping (not necessarily to be symmetric bi-derivation).
Efficient degradation of RhB by Fe-N-TiO2 through photocatalytic synergistic persulfate system
Authors: Li Yafeng , Lv Le , Gao Tongzhou , Zhang Chi , Zhang Fuxiang , Li Qianqian
Published: October 2024

In order to achieve efficient degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in a short time, Fe and N co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst (Fe-N-TiO2) was prepared by sol–gel method and used for photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade RhB. SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS results showed that Fe-N-TiO2 was successfully prepared. The results of UV–Vis DRS and EIS showed that compared with pure TiO2, the modified catalyst showed higher electron transfer efficiency and light absorption ability, which enhanced the electron production ability and activated more PMS to generate free radicals to degrade RhB. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of RhB can reach 85.59% under the PC/PMS system with a PMS concentration of 2.0 mmol L[Formula: see text], catalyst dosage of 0.5 g L[Formula: see text] and pH = 3 for 30 min. In addition, the catalyst has good repeatability and stability, and the degradation rate can still be maintained above 70% after 5 times of continuous use. The results of free radical capture experiments showed that the main active substances in the reaction system were [Formula: see text]OH, SO4[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]O2[Formula: see text], and h[Formula: see text], and the possible mechanism of RhB in PC/PMS/Fe-N-TiO2-0.5% system was proposed, which provided a theoretical basis for dye wastewater treatment.
Innovative Applications of Quantum Signal Processing in Network Security and Image Processing
Authors: He Jinfeng , Qi Zhengyang , Zhang Lin , Wang Zelin
Published: October 2024

This thorough overview paper investigates how quantum computing could revolutionize communication systems by resolving the intrinsic drawbacks of classical signal processing. Due to the rapid improvements in technology, these systems are subject to increasing demands for larger connection densities and improved spectrum efficiency, which presents substantial hurdles for conventional signal processing. The acceptance and expansion of modern communication technologies are impeded by these obstacles, which are typified by a trade-off between computing complexity and communication performance. Based on quantum mechanics, quantum computing offers a powerful substitute for classical algorithms by introducing a new paradigm that drastically lowers computational complexity for certain applications. This paper explores the history of quantization in classical communication signals and explores the use of quantum computing techniques in critical applications such as data detection, multi-user detection and channel estimation. The work showcases sophisticated methods for image denoising and Fourier transformations, expanding the conversation to include quantum processing of image signals. These quantum methods show significant promise for improving spectral analysis efficiency, reducing noise and increasing processing speed and accuracy. This study offers a thorough basis for future research and technical innovation in the field of image and conventional signal processing by outlining the current state of the art and possible uses of quantum computing in the future.