bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A scientometric analysis of research trends, visualization, and emerging patterns in canine olfactory detection for cancer
Authors: Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Mauricio Franco , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Medina Julia , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim: Dogs can detect specific cancer odors with their exceptional sense of smell. This study aimed to conduct a scientometric analysis of canine olfactory detection in oncology, identifying trends, visualizations, and patterns.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using a quantitative-scientometric approach. Scopus was comprehensively searched using terms related to canine olfactory detection in oncology. Documents indexed in Scival software (Elsevier) and published between 2013 and 2022 were included.

Results: Claire M. Guest, Rob Harris, and Giuseppe Lippi authored significant academic work. Journals such as Journal of Breath Research and PLoS One rank highly in publications and citations due to significant citation ratios, according to CiteScore’s quartile-based impact analysis. According to Lotka’s and Bradford’s laws, a small group of authors and the Journal of Breath Research, respectively, dominate production in their fields.

Conclusion: This analysis forms a solid base for future research on canine olfactory detection in oncology. The collaborative essence of this multidisciplinary field is emphasized by the key contributors and identified patterns, with journals in the Q1 and Q2 quartiles of CiteScore holding significant importance.

Keywords: canine olfactory, oncology, scientometric.
Constructions of Binary Constant-Weight Quasi-Cyclic Codes and Quasicyclically Permutable Codes
Authors: Rocha Jr. Valdemar ,   Federal University of Pernambuco, Lemos-Neto José , Alcoforado Maria de Lourdes ,   University of Pernambuco
Published: July 2024

A theorem is proven showing how to obtain a constant-weight binary quasi-cyclic code from a pr-ary linear cyclic code, where p is a prime and r is a positive integer, r > 1, by using a representation of the elements of a Galois field, GF(pr), as cyclic shifts of a binary pr-tuple. From this theorem, constructions are derived for two classes of constant-weight binary quasi-cyclic codes. These two classes are shown to achieve the Johnson upper bound on the number of codewords asymptotically for long block lengths. A quasicyclically permutable (QCP) code is a binary code such that the codewords are quasicyclically distinct and have cyclic order equal to the code block length. A technique is described for selecting virtually the maximum number of cyclically distinct codewords of full cyclic order from Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and from Berlekamp-Justesen (BJ) codes, both known to be maximum distance separable codes. Those cyclically distinct codewords of full cyclic order from RS codes and from BJ codes are mapped to binary to produce two classes of asymptotically optimum constant-weight quasicyclic codes and two classes of asymptotically optimum constant weight QCP codes. An application of QCP codes is introduced to construct protocol-sequence sets for the M-active-out-of-T users collision channel without feedback, allowing more users than strict cyclically permutable codes with the same block length and minimum distance.
A STEM szakos hallgatók fenntarthatósági nézetei
Authors: Alter Emese , Mónus Ferenc
Published: July 2024

A STEM (természettudományos, informatikai és műszaki és matematikai) területek kapcsán leggyakrabban tematizált problémák a magas lemorzsolódási arányok és a nők alulreprezentáltsága, azonban a leendő STEM szakemberek értékvilágával kevés szakirodalom foglalkozik. Tanulmányunk célja a STEM hallgatók környezeti fenntarthatósággal és materializmussal kapcsolatos értékeinek feltárása és nem-STEM szakosokkal való összevetése volt, ugyanis kiemelten fontos kérdés, hogy a globális és hosszú távú hatással bíró technológiai innovációk létrehozásáért és alkalmazásáért felelős szakemberek számára mennyiben jelent fontos szempontot a környezet védelme és a fenntarthatóságra való törekvés. Kutatásunk mintáját összesen 17 magyarországi egyetem hallgatói adták (n = 7153 fő). Hipotéziseink tesztelésekor a képzések presztízse, valamint piaccal való összefonódása és nemi arányai alapján kialakított hét képzési területi csoport esetében vizsgáltuk a hallgatók természeti értékek megőrzésével, a természet erőforrásként való használatával, a természet szeretetével és materializmussal kapcsolatos értékeit, valamint az egyes képzési területeken nemi összehasonlításokat is végeztünk. Eredményeink alapján elmondható, hogy a hallgatók fenntarthatósági és materialista értékei elsősorban a képzési területük presztízsével és piacosodásának mértékével mutatnak összefüggést, s a magasabb presztízsű képzések (műszaki és informatikai, jogi és közgazdasági) hallgatóinak fenntarthatósági értékei jelentősen kedvezőtlenebbek, materialista értékei pedig magasabbak az alacsonyabb presztízsű, kevésbé piacosodott területek hallgatóinál, s ez a tendencia független volt a képzésterületek nemi összetételétől. A nemi különbségek vizsgálata arra mutatott rá, hogy bár a legtöbb képzésen a nők fenntarthatósági értékei kedvezőbbek, ez az eltérés a STEM területeken bizonyult a legmarkánsabbnak. A téma további kutatása során érdekes kérdés lehet, hogy mennyiben magyarázhatja a megfigyelt különbségeket a felsőoktatási intézményekben zajló diszciplináris szocializáció, valamint a fenntarthatóságra való reflexió kurrikulumban való megjelenése vagy annak hiánya, illetve a felsőoktatás piacosodása.
A zenei pálya előnyei és hátrányai intézményvezetői szemszögből
Authors: Váradi Judit , Héjja Bella Emerencia , Szűcs Tímea
Published: July 2024

Hazánkban a zenei képzés szintjei közül a művészeti oktatás középfokára eddig kevés figyelem irányult. Ez a képzés létszámában és feladatában is eltér az alapfokú művészetoktatástól, hiszen ez már a professzionális képzés színtere, így ennek minősége határozza meg a művészeti felsőoktatás színvonalát és a leendő művészek, művészetet oktató tanárok szakmai elképzelését. Kutatásunk során a művészeti profillal működő szakgimnáziumok intézményvezetői (n = 17) számára állítottunk össze egy kérdőívet, amely az objektív adatok mellett a nyitott kérdésekre adott válaszokkal az igazgatók véleményét tükrözi a zenei pálya előnyeiről és hátrányairól és a pálya népszerűsítésének lehetőségeiről. Ezek az érvek a tanulók pályaválasztása során döntő jelentőségűnek bizonyulhatnak.
Maintaining H. pylori Negativity After Eradication Can Consolidate Its Benefit in Gastric Cancer Prevention: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Xinyue , Qi Shaochong , Chen Mo , Gan Tao , Lv Xiuhe , Yang Jinlin , Deng Kai
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Several studies have reported the role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastric cancer (GC) prevention. However, for individuals with unsatisfactory management of their H. pylori infection status after eradication, the risk of GC remains unclear.

METHODS:

An exhaustive search strategy of the incidence of GC (including primary gastric cancer and metachronous gastric cancer) incidence in patients with unsuccessful eradication or H. pylori reinfection was implemented in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidence of total GC in patients with failed eradication or H. pylori reinfection (FE-Hp (+)) group were compared with that in patients with successful eradication and no H. pylori reinfection (SE-Hp (−)) group and patients with noneradication (NE) group.

RESULTS:

Seven eligible studies (including 8,767 patients with H. pylori infection) were identified. In the FE-Hp (+) group, the total GC risk was 1.86-fold of that in the SE-Hp (−) group (HR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–3.04, P = 0.013). The total GC risk in the NE group was also higher than that in the FE-Hp (+) group (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.11–3.52, P = 0.002). On further analysis with different end points showed that the pooled GC risk increased over time (5-year follow-up: HR = 2.92, 1.34–6.34; 10-year follow-up: HR = 4.04, 2.56–6.37).

DISCUSSION:

Compared with the SE-Hp (−) group, the FE-Hp (+) group had a higher risk of gastric carcinoma. Long-term monitoring of H. pylori infection status could consolidate the benefit of eradicating H. pylori for preventing GC prevention in patients after eradication.
Cilofexor in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis Due to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Open-Label Phase 1B Study
Authors: Levy Cynthia , Caldwell Stephen , Mantry Parvez , Luketic Velimir , Landis Charles S. , Huang Jonathan , Mena Edward , Maheshwari Rahul , Rank Kevin , Xu Jun , Malkov Vladislav A. , Billin Andrew N. , Liu Xiangyu , Lu Xiaomin , Barchuk William T. , Watkins Timothy R. , Chung Chuhan , Myers Robert P. , Kowdley Kris V.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

This proof-of-concept, open-label phase 1b study evaluated the safety and efficacy of cilofexor, a potent selective farnesoid X receptor agonist, in patients with compensated cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis.

METHODS:

Escalating doses of cilofexor (30 mg [weeks 1–4], 60 mg [weeks 5–8], 100 mg [weeks 9–12]) were administered orally once daily over 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety. Exploratory measures included cholestasis and fibrosis markers and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of bile acid homeostasis.

RESULTS:

Eleven patients were enrolled (median age: 48 years; 55% men). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were pruritus (8/11 [72.7%]), fatigue, headache, nausea, and upper respiratory tract infection (2/11 [18.2%] each). Seven patients experienced a pruritus TEAE (one grade 3) considered drug-related. One patient temporarily discontinued cilofexor owing to peripheral edema. There were no deaths, serious TEAEs, or TEAEs leading to permanent discontinuation. Median changes (interquartile ranges) from baseline to week 12 (predose, fasting) were −24.8% (−35.7 to −7.4) for alanine transaminase, −13.0% (−21.9 to −8.6) for alkaline phosphatase, −43.5% (−52.1 to −30.8) for γ-glutamyl transferase, −12.7% (−25.0 to 0.0) for total bilirubin, and −21.2% (−40.0 to 0.0) for direct bilirubin. Least-squares mean percentage change (95% confidence interval) from baseline to week 12 at trough was −55.3% (−70.8 to −31.6) for C4 and −60.5% (−81.8 to −14.2) for cholic acid. Fasting fibroblast growth factor 19 levels transiently increased after cilofexor administration.

DISCUSSION:

Escalating doses of cilofexor over 12 weeks were well tolerated and improved cholestasis markers in patients with compensated cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (NCT04060147).
Circular Economy Integration in 1G+2G Sugarcane Bioethanol Production: Application of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, Closed-Loop Systems, and Waste Valorization for Sustainability
Authors: Paul Latiza Rich Jhon , Rubi Rugi Vicente
Published: July 2024

Bioethanol production is a vital player in the renewable energy landscape. However, it faces pressing issues regarding carbon emissions and resource management. Traditional open-loop systems generate substantial waste and pollution, exacerbating environmental concerns. Various emerging technologies offer promising solutions. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) presents avenues for tackling carbon emissions. Utilization transforms CO2 emissions into valuable products, while Storage securely stores emissions to prevent atmospheric release. Closed-loop processes and waste valorization capitalize on material reuse, conserving natural resources, and minimizing waste. By promoting resource efficiency and waste minimization, circular economy principles align seamlessly with CCUS, closed-loop systems, and waste valorization. This study delves into utilizing Utilization technologies tailored to sugarcane 1G+2G bioethanol production, evaluates CO2 capture options, and presents applications. Storage strategies suitable for bioethanol production facilities are scrutinized, and deployment options are explored, highlighting the closed-loop system and waste valorization's role in waste reduction and environmental preservation. Through synergistic integration, these technologies pave the way for sustainable sugarcane bioethanol production, addressing economic and technological challenges while fostering innovation and collaboration. This comprehensive study will serve as a guide for transitioning to a circular economy model in bioethanol production.
Editorial No 41
Authors: Rosado Mendinueta Nayibe
Published: July 2024

Estimadas y estimados lectores: Nos complace darles la bienvenida a la edición 41 de nuestra revista Zona Próxima, que presenta un mosaico de reflexiones e investigaciones que reflejan la riqueza y diversidad de enfoques pedagógicos en nuestra región, todos orientados hacia la transformación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el contexto latinoamericano. La educación, como pilar fundamental de nuestras sociedades, se encuentra en un momento de transformación significativa. La integración de tecnologías emergentes y el enfoque en la autorregulación del aprendizaje son solo algunas de las tendencias que están definiendo el futuro de la enseñanza. Este número busca explorar estas tendencias ofreciendo un grupo de investigaciones que reflejan la riqueza y diversidad de enfoques pedagógicos en nuestra región.
Efecto de la construcción de sólidos sobre la rotación 3D en un grupo de estudiantes
Authors: Rojas Álvarez Carlos Javier
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la construcción de sólidos sobre la rotación 3D. Se aplicó un diseño cuasi-experimental, antes y después, con grupo control no equivalente. Los sujetos fueron alumnos de primer semestre de Diseño Industrial y de Diseño Gráfico, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 19 años, de ambos géneros. La metodología de la clase consistió en construir, en grupo de dos estudiantes, un poliedro con cartulina a partir de la capacidad del mismo y la entrega del poliedro con un informe escrito, de manera presencial. Se tomó como modelo de decisión estadística la prueba de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney con el fin de determinar si había variaciones significativas en la rotación 3D. Los resultados del estudio concluyen que la construcción de sólidos, situación que involucra el uso y traducción de los sistemas de representación de Bruner (enactivo, icónico y simbólico), aumentó significativamente el factor del pensamiento espacial, rotación 3D, en el grupo de alumnos.
Use case generation, variation, and anticipation in innovation projects: Analysis of current industry practices based on interviews with international innovation experts
Authors: Henke Niklas Hermann
Published: July 2024

Use case scenarios play an essential role in innovation projects and influence the design of technologies. In this research article, I examine how use cases are generated, varied, and anticipated. To do so, I analyze interviews with international innovation experts (N = 14), e.g., Chief Technology Officer, Innovation Director, or User Experience Researcher. A heterogeneity of practices for the design of use cases, the creation of use case variants, and the anticipation of a possible extension of use cases can be identified. Anti-personas and worst-case scenarios are tools specifically aimed at identifying malicious use cases. A surprising result is the absence of special AI‑based procedures for use case generation, variation, and anticipation, indicating untapped potential for innovation projects.
Sobre la Esencia del Derecho y la Juridicidad del Ordenamiento Canónico. Dos Tratados y C ompendio de Normas Coercitivas y de Ministros Garantes de la Juridicidad Canónica Hasta la Actualidad
Authors: Satrústegui y Caruncho Rafael
Published: July 2024

¿Es el Derecho Canónico un verdadero ordenamiento jurídico? La actividad docente del autor y su familiarización tanto con el enfoque positivista como con las peculiaridades del ordenamiento eclesiástico lo llevaron a plantearse esta incógnita y a elaborar una respuesta sistemática. Para ello, se realizaron tres ejercicios cuyos resultados conforman las tres partes en las que se divide la presente obra: a) una retrospectiva histórico-filosófica acerca del Derecho como conjunto normativo, que ensancha la visión positivista y permite delinear la esencia; b) una caracterización del Derecho Canónico, con la que se perfilan sus particularidades; y c) un compendio histórico de las normas punitivas y de sus ministros ejecutores, tanto eclesiásticos como seculares, críticos en la tarea de haber dotado al ordenamiento canónico de su juridicidad hasta el presente. Elementos a destacar son: - La concienzuda revisión histórico-filosófica, que sin duda estimulará a los lectores apasionados por las digresiones eruditas al conducirlos a través de las etapas del desarrollo jurídico, clasificadas como Salvajismo, Barbarie, Clasicismo, Cristianización, Edad Media, Edad Moderna, Kantianismo, Neokantianismo y Realismo-Dogmatismo. - La depurada definición del Derecho como ordenamiento, alineada con la tradición neokantiana y concretada en el rescate de las Cuatro Causas Aristotélicas de Materia, Forma, Fin y Causa Eficiente. - La inclusión en el compendio de normas y de ministros garantes de la juridicidad canónica de instituciones siempre llamativas para el ciudadano contemporáneo, tales como la excomunión, el levantamiento del privilegio del fuero, la declaración de cruzada, el sometimiento al procedimiento inquisitorial, ciertas órdenes de caballería e incluso el actual Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea.
¿Cómo escribir un buen ensayo?
Authors: Jaramillo Mario
Published: July 2024

El lector tiene en sus manos un muy valioso recurso, el cual brilla por su concisión y claridad. Se ofrece una guía que es útil, práctica y universal. Estructurada con una lógica nítida; dotada de precisas pautas y oportunas recomendaciones. Está complementada, además, por ilustrativos ejemplos que ayudarán al lector a sacar buen provecho de este libro cualquiera que sea su condición: ya sea iniciándose en las lides del ensayo o perfeccionando su escritura para hacerla más sistemática y obtener mejores resultados. Germán Ramírez García.
Correlation Between Corrected TIMI Frame Count with the Extent of Myocardial Fibrosis on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Munandar Reza Maulana , Herminingsih Susi , Ardhianto Pipin , Gharini Putrika Prastuti Ratna , Sobirin Mochamad Ali
Published: July 2024

Background: Microvascular injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) reperfusion contributes to necrosis propagation. Corrected TIMI Frame Count (CTFC) is a surrogate marker of microvascular dysfunction and can stratify in-hospital mortality risk in patients with final TIMI flow 3. The extent of myocardial fibrosis after STEMI is associated with a higher incidence of major cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CTFC in the infarct-related artery and myocardial fibrosis area based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 31 STEMI patients who had undergone PPCI and CMR examination between days 60 and 75 after STEMI as the sample. CTFC was measured in the infarct-related artery from post-PPCI angiogram recordings. Myocardial fibrosis area was measured from late gadolinium enhancement CMR (LGE-CMR) imaging results.Results: In this study, the mean age was 51.61±10.49 years, 90.3% were male, non-anterior infarction location was 58.1%, mean total ischemic time was 489.48±228.33 minutes, mean CTFC was 27.4±9.3 frames, and mean myocardial fibrosis was 18.33±7.87%. There was no significant correlation found between CTFC and myocardial fibrosis (p=0.530), however total ischemic time had a positive and significant correlation with myocardial fibrosis (p=0.025, r=0.403).Conclusion: CTFC in the infarct-related artery is not correlated with myocardial fibrosis area in STEMI patients undergoing PCI.
Study of the effect of sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)- 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate toxic doses on rats heart tissue
Authors: Safonov A. A. , Panasenko O. I. , Al Khalaf N. A.
Published: July 2024

Analysis of medicinal product safety is an important stage on the way to the entry of a synthetic compound into the pharmaceutical market. Along with the study of blood composition, scientists are actively analyzing the effect of toxic doses on the tissues of internal organs. Analyzing the toxic effect of compounds on heart tissue allows us to find out what damage substances can cause, which can have a direct impact on human health. Today, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are very relevant and a huge number of publications is a confirmation of this.
The aim of the work was to analyze the effect of toxic doses of sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate on rats heart tissue.
Materials and methods. Sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate (ASP) was selected as the subject of investigation and administered intragastrically in the form of a suspension with purified water using a specialized metal probe. The toxic effect on tissues was analyzed using doses of 1000 mg/kg, which is 10 times higher than a single dose typically used in pharmacological activity studies, and 5000 mg/kg, which represents the limit for determining acute toxicity and the maximum dose within the fourth class of toxicity, considering the route of administration, provided that this dose does not result in the death of the animal.
Analysis of the effect of toxic doses of ASP was performed on 12-month-old purebred male rats kept under standard conditions. Rat heart tissues were fixed for further histological examination in a 10 % formaldehyde solution, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing strength, and embedded in paraffin.
Results. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of rat heart tissue was carried out. The research shows the histological results of deviations from the norm for a group of rats that were injected with substances in the studied doses.
Conclusions. The effect of toxic doses of ASP on rat heart tissue was analyzed. For a dose of 1000 mg/kg, local signs of protein dystrophy of cardiomyocytes and single loci of hemorrhages are observed. As for the dose of 5000 mg/kg, the effect of the substance on the heart tissue is more profound and is determined by the selective damage of cardiomyocytes with the loss of lumbar striation and the acquisition of a wave-like shape, full blood is observed in the ectasized capillaries.
Comparative studies of essential oils from Matricaria recutita L.
Authors: Panasenko O. I. , Odyntsova V. M. , Denysenko O. M. , Mozul V. I. , Holovkin V. V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work is to determine the component composition of the essential oil of medicinal chamomile, grown on the educational and research site of medicinal plants of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University (ZSMPHU), and commercial essential oil that was purchased via the Internet.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was chamomile essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and commercial oil. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the components of essential oils was established using the chromato-mass spectrometric method on a high-performance gas chromatograph “Agilent 7890B GC System” (Agilent, SantaClara, CA, USA) with a mass spectrometric detector “Agilent 5977 BGC/MSD” (Agilent, SantaClara, CA, USA).
Results. Dominant compounds of essential oil of chamomile, grown on the educational and research site of medicinal plants ZSMPHU were 2H-pyran-3-ol, tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) ) – 7.54 %, chamazulene – 5.32 %, alpha-bisabolol – 4.30 %, 1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-3,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene – 3.25 %, myrtenyl acetate – 3.03 %, azulene, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl) – 2.16 %, bisabolol oxide B – 1.86 %. Commercial chamomile essential oil was dominated by 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol (56.15 %), diethyl phthalate (17.46 %), linalyl acetate (6.99 %), linalool (4.41 %).
Conclusions. Industrial cultivation of chamomile in southern Ukraine shows a high biologically active substances content and can be in demand in the pharmaceutical industry’s consumer market for raw materials.
The main factors that improve gut microbiota composition
Authors: Melnychuk I. O. , Sharaieva M. L. , Gargi Amrita , Lyzogub V. H.
Published: July 2024

The aim is to observe and compare the main factors that can improve gut microbiota composition.
Materials and methods. The literature study research was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. We assessed more than 300 studies, data from 65 of which were included in this review. They are presented in three tables: nonpharmacological influence on gut microbiota composition, drugs impact on gut microbiota, and medicines prescribed for gut microbiota correction.
Results. On the one hand, non-pharmacological methods of gut microbiota improvement are the safest and the most traditional: healthy diet and physical activity, good sleep, avoiding stress and bad habits, but they are the most difficult for patients’ fulfillment and doctors’ observation. All listed are the components of a healthy way of life and should be followed by everybody. The most prescribed drugs have a significant influence on gut microbiota composition, so physicians should consider their effects in prescriptions. They are antibiotics, steroids and non-steroids, proton pump inhibitors, laxatives, antidepressants, etc.
On the other hand, despite the diversity of available medicines (prebiotics, probiotics, paraprobiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics) that can be used for gut microbiota improvement, all of them are under investigation and need further evaluation. The trendiest medicines for today are paraprobiotics and postbiotics. Paraprobiotics are represented by heat / ultraviolet / sonication Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Saccharomyces strains. Postbiotics are performed by short-chain fatty acids, secreted biosurfactants, secreted proteins, organic acids, amino acids, bacteriocins, vitamins, and peptides. Most of the data on their pharmacodynamics is based on animal studies or experimental research, so they need further investigations. Fecal gut microbiota transplantation is also an up-to-date method for multiple disease correction but is approved only for the treatment of recurrent and refractory infections caused by Clostridium difficile.
Conclusions. Gut microbiota composition improvement methods are an up-to-date topic for practical medicine because gut microbiota changes are closely linked with host health status. Gut microbiota violations lead to metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory disorders, etc. Nowadays the healthy way of life is the best gut microbiota composition improvement method, but prebiotics, probiotics, paraprobiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation also take place and have their indisputable advantages in special cases. Unfortunately, most pharmacological methods of gut microbiota modulation have a weak evidence base. Therefore, this question needs further research in appropriate patient groups with long-term monitoring.
The influence of monosodium glutamate on the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the large cerebral hemispheres of rats under the combination of a change in the “light-dark” cycle and a systemic inflammatory response
Authors: Volkova O. A. , Akimov O. Ye. , Kostenko V. O.
Published: July 2024

Today, the issue of the consequences of disrupting the normal “light-dark” cycle is becoming increasingly important, and the link between the development of a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and circadian rhythm disorders has been confirmed. The effect of monosodium glutamate on the human body is being actively studied.
The aim of the work was to find out the influence of monosodium glutamate on the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the homogenate of the large cerebral hemispheres of rats with a combination of acute desynchronosis (AD), SIR and administration of monosodium glutamate.
Material and methods. The research was carried out on 72 white Wistar rats weighing 150–200 of different sexes, divided into 5 groups: control (n = 15), AD (n = 13), SIR (n = 15), a combination of SIR and AD (n = 14), a combination of SIR, AD, and glutamate (n = 15). To simulate AD, a normal “light-dark” cycle (12 hours of light, 12 hours of darkness) was formed for 3 weeks, and the next 3 days the “light-dark” phases were shifted back by 6 hours. SIR was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide in the first week at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg 3 times per week, the following seven weeks – once a week. Sodium glutamate was administered intragastrically for 20 days at a dose 30 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.5 ml of distilled water. In a 10 % homogenate of the large cerebral hemispheres, we determined the rate of superoxide anion radical (SAR) production, the content of products that react with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-reactants), their increase, activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), concentration of nitrites, peroxynitrites, total activity of NO-synthase (NOS), its constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms.
Results. In the group of SIR, AD and glutamate combination, compared to the control, the following was noted: an increase in the rate of basic production of SAR by 175.8 %, by the microsomal pathway by 20.0 %, by the mitochondrial pathway by 51.2 %, the concentration of TBA-reactants by 83.4 %, their increase – by 61.7 %, decrease in the activity of SOD by 57.1 %, catalase – by 38.1 %; an increase in peroxynitrite content by 116.7 %, ODC activity by 161.5 %, total NOS activity by 25.6 % and iNOS by 27.4 %, a decrease in cNOS activity by 15.0 % and nitrite concentration by 35.0 % in brain tissues.
Conclusions. Sodium glutamate administration in combination with AD and SIR leads to increased oxidative-nitrosative stress, inhibition of antioxidant protection; contributes to the activation of the general activity of NO-synthase and iNOS, suppresses the activity of cNOS.
Experience of urgent surgical thrombolectomy of high-risk acute massive pulmonary embolism under parallel cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Osaulenko V. V. , Chmul K. O. , Budaghov R. I.
Published: July 2024

Massive acute pulmonary embolism is a rare and life-threatening condition that cardiac surgeons may encounter in their clinical practice. Although systemic thrombolysis is often prescribed in critically ill patients to improve pulmonary perfusion and reduce right ventricular afterload, surgical treatment is an objective alternative when thrombolytic therapy is ineffective or impossible.
Aim. Determining the expediency of pulmonary thromboembolectomy in the case of unavailability or impossibility of systemic thrombolysis to optimize treatment protocols for patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism accompanied by hemodynamic instability.
Materials and methods. We present clinical cases of patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism as determined by multispiral computed tomography with Miller index determination. In both cases, the condition of the patients upon admission was critical, due to rapidly progressing hemodynamic instability, severe pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular failure.
Results. The patients were urgently brought to the operating room with severe desaturation, bradycardia, in a state of medical sedation and with pronounced hypotension. Taking into account the patients’ severe condition and the results of the tomography, we performed emergency pulmonary thromboembolectomy using a modified surgical technique using cardiopulmonary bypass without deep hypothermia or transverse aorta clamping.
Conclusions. The complete clinical remission resulting from the clinical observations described in this study demonstrates the feasibility of performing open pulmonary thromboembolectomy in combination with anticoagulant therapy in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism accompanied by hemodynamic instability based on clinical diagnosis in specific individual cases.
Approaches to the assessment of the structure and phenomenology of critical awareness in the context of non-psychotic mental disorders
Authors: Kondratenko M. Yu. , Horodokin A. D. , Shevchenko N. F. , Stolyarenko A. M. , Doma I. S.
Published: July 2024

Aim: systematization of the phenomena of critical self-awareness in the context of non-psychotic mental disorders and development of a tool for assessing the profile of its disorders.
Materials and methods. In the period of 2020–2023, a prospective study was conducted on a contingent of outpatients with diagnoses established in the conditions of the Department of Borderline Conditions of the Municipal non-commercial enterprise “Regional Clinical Institution for the Provision of Psychiatric Care” of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Council. 75 patients: 38 men, 37 women, mean age 38.9 ± 8.6 years, without exacerbation of severe somatic diseases, without diagnostically significant psychoactive substances use history.
Methods: clinical and anamnestic, psychodiagnostic in the form of a semi-structured interview, statistical using α-Cronbach’s coefficient.
Results. 27 phenomena were identified as part of 7 separate components of critical self-awareness. Based on the obtained data, a psycho-diagnostic tool was formed in the form of a questionnaire, where a multiple choice question ranked on a 5-point Likert-type scale was formulated for each phenomenon.
The reliability of the questionnaire according to the indicator of internal consistency of the subscales according to the Cronbach α coefficient is from “acceptable” 0.7072 to “good” 0.8820.
Conclusions. The developed psychodiagnostic questionnaire can be used in further studies aimed at analyzing the problem of critical self-awareness in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders.
Pathomorphological parameters of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in deceased septic patients without purulent lesions to the brain
Authors: Shulyatnikova T. V. , Tumanska L. M.
Published: July 2024

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) clinically manifests by delirium and decreased consciousness less than 15 points on Glasgow Coma Scale. SAE pathophysiology includes neuroinflammation, ischemic-hypoxic and dysmetabolic mechanisms. Despite the high frequency and the important role in thanatogenesis, pathomorphological criteria of SAE remain to be defined.
The aim of the study was to specify the key pathomorphological parameters of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in deceased septic patients without purulent lesions to the brain by defining the changes of neurogliovascular unit and the level of tissue ammonia.
Material and methods. Using pathohistological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods we studied cerebral cortex and white matter, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum of 35 deceased septic patients with SAE in comparison with the control group, which included 30 patients who died from acute cardiovascular failure without CNS pathology.
Results. In SAE, small foci of encephalolysis due to thrombosis of microvessels, ischemic-hypoxic and apoptotic changes in neurons are associated with the following parameters that are reliably (p < 0.05) different from the control group: higher (up to 199.48 %) level of tissue ammonia and increased number (up to 316.07 %) of caspase-3+ apoptotic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum; in all studied brain regions, an increased expression level of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (up to 192.69 %), glutamine synthetase (up to 134.41 %) and aquaporin-4 (up to 400.8 %); significant (up to 947.01 %) expansion of perivascular and pericellular “edematous” spaces, increased (up to 479.58 %) immunopositive area of extravascular CD68+ microgliocytes and increased (up to 374.43 %) proportion of CD68+ ameboid microgliocytes, increased (up to 3.66 times) number of Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes in cerebral cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum; increased (up to 2 times) number of amyloid bodies in the thalamus and cerebellum.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the delirious state, loss of consciousness and other manifestations of SAE are associated with ischemic-hypoxic and ammonia-induced ischemic and apoptotic changes of the brain neurones; small foci of encephalolysis; adaptive remodeling and dystrophic changes of astrocytes; microglial reactiveness with increased proportion of phagocytic microgliocytes; brain edema and dysfunctional glymphatics.
Numerical calculation of air permeability of warp-knitted jacquard spacer shoe-upper materials based on CFD
Authors: Zhang Qi , Nie Meiting , Zhang Yanting , Hao Jiashu , Peng Shiyu
Published: July 2024

In order to realize the rapid design of warp-knitted jacquard spacer shoe-upper materials and to explore the influence of different fabric surface organization structures on their air permeability, it is proposed to numerically simulate the air permeability performance of jacquard shoe-upper materials using ANSYS fluid analysis. First, four kinds of shoe material specimens with different upper and lower layer mesh alignment relationships are designed and tested, then the corresponding geometric structure models of the fabric are established based on the samples and appropriately processed, and finally the air permeability of the shoe material is numerically simulated and calculated based on computational fluid dynamics. The results show that, under the same conditions, the air permeability of double-sided mesh structure is significantly better than that of single-sided mesh structure, and its air permeability can be optimized by adjusting the relationship between the upper and lower layers of the fabric mesh; the airflow mainly passes through the fabric pores and gaps between the yarns, and the closer the fabric structure is, the more the air flow is hindered, and the worse the air permeability is. The simulation results of the established numerical model are consistent with the measured results, and the error is less than 10%, so it can be used to simulate and predict the air permeability of the warp-knitted jacquard spacer footwear materials, and provide theoretical support for the design and performance research of footwear materials.
Compact Spinning with Different Fibre Types: An Experimental Investigation on Yarn Properties in the Condensing Zone with 3D-Printed Guiding Device
Authors: Saty Malik Yonis Hassan , Abdalla Ibrahim , Elhassan Ahmed , Farooq Amjad , Sarkodie Bismark , Wang Yong , Xu Zhenzhen , Du Jinmei
Published: July 2024

The lattice apron-based compact spinning system is a form of pneumatic compact spinning that employs airflow to condense fibres into a bundle, enhancing the yarn’s attributes. To explore the airflow dynamics in pneumatic compact spinning, researchers primarily employ traditional theoretical approaches, experimental measurement techniques, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. In our previous research, we utilized CFD to observe the airflow patterns in pneumatic compact spinning. In this study, we implemented experimental measurement techniques to assess the impact of a 3D-printed guiding device (B-type) on yarn properties. We tested different fibre types in the condensing zone of the compact spinning system with a lattice apron. We used three types of roving to spin the yarn: pure cotton, cotton/polyester (80/20), and polyester/viscose (65/35). The findings revealed that yarns spun using the guiding device exhibited superior strength, hairiness, and evenness compared to those spun without the device.
Exploring the performance of Co/Al2O3–ZrO2 nanocatalysts developed through the thermal evaporation method in dry reforming of methane
Authors: Moradi Mohamad Jafar , Moradi Gholamreza
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the performance of the thin layer nanostructures of Co/Al2O3–ZrO2 in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a microchannel reactor. The nanostructures were prepared via utilizing the thermal evaporation method. Reactor tests were carried out at various coating times of 2, 3, and 4 min and temperatures of 700, 750, and 800 °C with a feed flow rate of 10 ml/min and a 1:1:8 ratio of helium, carbon dioxide, and methane. Also, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to identify catalyst features. According to the obtained results, the highest percentage of conversion in all samples was observed at 800 °C. The results of the reactor tests also revealed that the activity of catalyst layers highly depends on coating time. The findings demonstrated that raising deposition time improves the distribution of particle size and catalyst loading. Considering the nanostructure of Co/Al2O3–ZrO2, the sample undergoing 4 min coating time yielded the highest amount of primary methane conversion (89.3 %), primary carbon dioxide conversion (92.4 %), and H2/CO molar ratio (0.91). The stability test of the catalyst layers for 28 h at the optimum condition (P = 1 atm, T = 800 °C, t = 4 min deposition time, CH4/CO2 = 1, and GHSV = 48,000 mL g−1 h−1) showed that the catalysts prepared by this method had a good stability.
Early blood glucose screening in asymptomatic high-risk neonates
Authors: El-Khawam Rania , Dumpa Vikramaditya , Islam Shahidul , Kohn Brenda , Hanna Nazeeh
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Detecting and treating severe hypoglycemia promptly after birth is crucial due to its association with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, limited data are available on the optimal timing of glucose screening in asymptomatic high-risk neonates prone to hypoglycemia. Risk factors associated with asymptomatic high-risk neonates include late prematurity ≥35 and <37 weeks gestation (LPT), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and infant-of-a-diabetic mother (IDM). This study aims to determine the incidence and the impact of individual risk factors on early hypoglycemia (defined as blood glucose ≤25 mg/dL in the initial hour after birth) in asymptomatic high-risk neonates.

Methods

All asymptomatic high-risk neonates ≥35 weeks gestation underwent early blood glucose screening within the first hour after birth (n=1,690). A 2-year retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of early neonatal hypoglycemia in this cohort and its association with hypoglycemia risk factors.

Results

Out of the 9,919 births, 1,690 neonates (17 %) had risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia, prompting screening within the first hour after birth. Incidence rates for blood glucose ≤25 mg/dL and ≤15 mg/dL were 3.1 and 0.89 %, respectively. Of concern, approximately 0.5 % of all asymptomatic at-risk neonates had a blood glucose value of ≤10 mg/dL. LPT and LGA were the risk factors significantly associated with early neonatal hypoglycemia.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic high-risk neonates, particularly LPT and LGA neonates, may develop early severe neonatal hypoglycemia identified by blood glucose screening in the first hour of life. Additional investigation is necessary to establish protocols for screening and managing asymptomatic high-risk neonates.
Rosa Rayside and Domestic Workers in the Fight against War and Fascism
Authors: Marino Katherine M.
Published: July 2024

This article explores connections between domestic worker activism and anti-fascism in the United States—two topics that historians have usually considered separately. Through the lens of Black domestic worker and organizer Rosa Rayside, we see the strong links between the two political movements. In 1934, after co-founding the New York Domestic Workers Union (DWU), Rayside attended the World Congress of Women against War and Fascism in Paris. That congress defined fascism broadly, around nationalism, racism, repression of radicals, denial of civil liberties, capitalist and imperialist greed and warmongering, and threats to women. Notably, the congress specifically identified challenging U.S. racism and defending labor rights for domestic workers as part of a global anti-fascist fight. Influenced by this congress, and by communist organizing in Harlem during the Great Depression, Rayside and the DWU drew on anti-fascism ideologically and organizationally in the years that followed. Rayside worked to include domestic workers in labor and social security legislation, testifying before U.S. Congress in 1935 and helping to form the anti-fascist National Negro Congress (NNC) in 1936. Although their immediate legislative achievements were limited, the strategies that Rayside and the DWU pioneered—collaborating with community and political organizations, spearheading legislation, and shaping understandings of Black women’s “triple oppression” based on race, class, and gender—were vital to the Black anti-fascist movement in the United States and shaped gains by domestic workers in later decades.
Between Inevitability and Surprise
Authors: Wang Y. Yvon
Published: July 2024

Using personal trans narrative toward framing a transgender historical method, this essay describes the large-scale historical trends that have led to the present moment in the history of trans people, the way that the Internet provides a place for everyone to act as their own historians, and the potential insights that transgender auto-historiography offers to feminist and gender scholars. This essay is part of a PHR forum on the theme of “Personal Reflections on Feminist Historical Methods,” with additional essays by Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, Natalie Marine-Street, and Natalia Mehlman Petrzela. The forum is part of a larger PHR special issue, Feminist Histories.
Notes from the Field
Authors: Marine-Street Natalie J.
Published: July 2024

This essay highlights the author’s methodology for taking a feminist approach to doing oral history at a large university—particularly her efforts to involve the wider university community in the project of creating an inclusive and multi-perspectival institutional history. This essay is part of a PHR forum on the theme of “Personal Reflections on Feminist Historical Methods,” with additional essays by Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, Y. Yvon Wang, and Natalia Mehlman Petrzela. The forum is part of a larger PHR special issue, Feminist Histories.
Working Out a New Relationship to Objectivity, Experience, and Engaged Scholarship
Authors: Petrzela Natalia Mehlman
Published: July 2024

As historians, our work becomes both easier and more difficult when we select topics in which we are personally involved, or causes about which we care passionately. A primer for activist scholars, this essay offers eight insights for those who seek to contemplate, and question, scholarly convention rather than uncritically uphold it, drawing on the author’s experience as a health activist and her writing on the history of fitness. This essay is part of a PHR forum on the theme of “Personal Reflections on Feminist Historical Methods,” with additional essays by Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, Y. Yvon Wang, and Natalie Marine-Street. The forum is part of a larger PHR special issue, Feminist Histories.