bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Medicine Methods Used for Weight Loss and Diabetes Control by Overweight and Obese Hispanic Immigrant Women
Authors: Lindberg Nangel M. , Vega-López Sonia , Arias-Gastelum Mayra , Stevens Victor J.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Middle-aged Hispanic women have the highest prevalence of overweight and lifetime risk for diabetes of all gender/racial groups. This study examines use of alternative medicine for weight loss and diabetes management among overweight and obese Mexican American women with or at risk for diabetes.

Method:

As part of a diabetes risk-reduction intervention targeting overweight and obese Hispanic women at a federally qualified health center in Hillsboro, Oregon, we administered a survey of different treatment modalities, including alternative medicine, traditional Mexican medicine, and home remedies to 85 Hispanic women. We also asked participants how often they disclosed their use of alternative methods to their providers.

Results:

Nearly all participants with diabetes (97%) reported using at least one alternative strategy for diabetes control, with home remedies, commercial weight-loss products, and herbal teas being the most endorsed. Most participants with diabetes and half of those without diabetes reported never telling their provider.

Conclusion:

This group of women reported a high prevalence of use of alternative methods for weight control and diabetes management. Yet most participants with diabetes never reported this use to a health care provider. To ensure patient safety, providers treating Hispanic women need to probe for complementary and alternative medicine practices.
Studying Problematic Online Behavior of Adolescents With Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Methodological and Ethical Considerations for Data Collection
Authors: de Groot Rogier , Kaal Hendrien L. , Stol Wouter Ph
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to find a research method that results in capturing lived experiences of problematic online behavior of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning within four risk domains: commercial interests, aggression, sexuality, and values/ideology. Three research methods were examined and field-tested in small sample pilot studies: an online questionnaire ( N = 16), two focus group interviews ( N = 6 and N = 14), and a combination of participatory observations and visual elicitation ( N = 2). Both the questionnaire and the focus group studies were not able to generate sufficient knowledge to capture lived experiences. Key issues that arose were the respondents’ comprehension of the research questions, their tendency to give socially desirable answers, the influence of group dynamics, and a lack of rapport between researcher and respondent. Results generated from the third pilot study were more promising. Participatory observations in the form of deep hanging out combined with conversational interviewing and elements of visual elicitation mended these issues and helped to create an authentic research environment, build real relationships, and level the playing field between researcher and respondents. Additionally, it invited the respondents to voice their opinions and feelings about their online experiences. Finally, the study inspires to use different communicational means with the adolescents to increase the understanding of their virtual world. Some important ethical and methodological limitations to these findings are discussed.
A new integrated numerical modeling approach toward piston diaphragm pump simulation: Three-dimensional model simplification and characteristic analysis
Authors: Wu Shu , Wei Xinhua
Published: June 2019

Piston diaphragm pumps are used worldwide to transport abrasive and aggressive slurries against high discharge pressures in the mining, mineral processing, and power industries. Intermittent suction and drainage of the diaphragm, however, can lead to pulsating output pressure, which has caused major problems in the application of these pumps. To improve the accuracy of simulations of piston diaphragm pumps and to enable better simulation of their pressure pulsation behavior, it is necessary to carry out a three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction simulation of the pump fluctuation characteristics. This article proposes a simplified simulation model based on the periodic motion characteristics of a piston diaphragm pump, where a ZMB240 piston diaphragm pump serves as the research object. By simplifying the numerical simulation of the model, we are able to analyze the deformation characteristics and the fluctuation characteristics of the piston diaphragm pump under different initial conditions for the pressure-stabilizing air chamber.
A transactional and action-oriented methodological approach to young people’s political socialisation
Authors: Andersson Erik
Published: June 2019

The research field of (young people’s) political socialisation faces methodological challenges in (1) handling individual agency and political culture as simultaneous and mutual, (2) handling the relation between continuity and change and (3) observing the process of meaning-making in political socialisation. The aim of the article is to theoretically argue, present and analytically demonstrate a methodological approach for the study of young people’s political socialisation in action, in the meaning-making process of being and becoming (a) political (subject). Within the research framework of situational political socialisation, a transactional methodological approach is contributed and analytically demonstrated with an empirical analysis of political norms in action. Political socialisation is handled as an observable communication and meaning-making practice, thus implying a subjective, situational, relational, participation and action-oriented approach in order to counteract the risks of treating the rising generation as depoliticised objects for political fostering.
“Alive” or “not dead”: The contribution of descriptors to attribute-framing bias
Authors: Kreiner Hamutal , Gamliel Eyal
Published: June 2019

Attribute-framing bias (AFB) refers to bias in evaluating positively framed objects more favourably than the same objects framed negatively. In most AFB studies, framing is manipulated by contrasting the positive and negative outcomes, using the corresponding positive (success) or negative (failure) labels as descriptors. This study examined the unique contributions of the outcomes of the scenario and the labels describing these outcomes by manipulating them orthogonally. In three experiments, framing scenarios were presented to participants with either positive outcomes rendered with positive (65% passed) or negative (65% didn’t fail) descriptors, or negative outcomes rendered with positive (35% didn’t pass) or negative (35% failed) descriptors. All experiments revealed a strong effect for the outcome with a weaker effect for the descriptor valence, suggesting that outcomes have a stronger influence on AFB than do descriptors. We discuss the results within a theoretical framework that maps the outcome effects onto attention mechanisms and descriptor effects onto association-activation mechanisms.
Aspirin for primary prevention of stroke in individuals without cardiovascular disease—A meta-analysis
Authors: Judge Conor , Ruttledge Sarah , Murphy Robert , Loughlin Elaine , Gorey Sarah , Costello Maria , Nolan Aoife , Ferguson John , Halloran Martin O , O'Canavan Michelle , O'Donnell Martin J
Published: June 2019

Background

The benefits of aspirin for primary prevention of stroke are uncertain.

Methods

We performed a cumulative meta-analysis of trials investigating aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a focus on stroke. We assessed the effects of aspirin on non-fatal stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major gastrointestinal bleeding, and an analysis of net clinical effect, in populations without a history of clinical or subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Summary of review results

Among 11 trials (157,054 participants), aspirin was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in non-fatal stroke (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.04) but was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.56). Aspirin was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.03) or cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.03). Aspirin was associated with a reduction in non-fatal myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.94) and an increased risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.35). Using equal weighting for non-fatal events and major bleeding, we observed no net clinical benefit with aspirin use for primary prevention.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis reports no benefit of aspirin for primary stroke prevention.
Discourse of fear in strategic narratives: The case of Russia’s Zapad war games
Authors: Ventsel Andreas , Hansson Sten , Madisson Mari-Liis , Sazonov Vladimir
Published: June 2019

Modern military training exercises often include an information warfare component. Combat manoeuvres and weapon tests may be combined with large-scale information operations, including attempts at mass deception and cultivation of fear via strategic uses of narratives in media. The ways in which fear is constructed in strategic narratives deserve more detailed discursive analysis. In this article, the authors use the largest recent Russian war games on NATO’s eastern borders, the ‘Zapad 2017’ military exercise, as an example to show how to interpret fear narratives. They identify and analyse three strategic narratives that were formulated by Russian official spokespeople in relation to the exercise and uncover some of their underlying meaning-making tendencies: the logic of antithesis, affirmation through negation and the rhetoric of moral victimhood. Their analysis sheds new light on the uses of fear discourses that are more sophisticated and indirect than straightforward threats or (rhetorical) demonstrations of power to inflict damage.
Chemical Composition of Leaf Essential Oil of Piper umbellatum and Aerial Part Essential Oil of Piper guineense From Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kambiré Didjour A. , Yapi Thierry A. , Boti Jean B. , Garcia Gabriel , Tomi Pierre , Bighelli Ange , Tomi Félix
Published: June 2019

The combination of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC) (retention index), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of Piper guineense and Piper umbellatum from Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, 54 components, accounting for 91.5% to 97.6%, were identified in the essential oil from aerial parts of P. guineense. In P. umbellatum leaf oil, 49 compounds accounting for 92.8% to 98.7% were identified. Both plants oils were dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with α-phellandrene, (2 E,6 E)-farnesol, and linalool as major compounds of P. guineense, whereas the most abundant components of P. umbellatum were linalool and ( E)-β-caryophyllene. (2 E,6 E)-Farnesol, identified for the first time in the essential oil from aerial parts of P. guineense, induced a new chemical composition.
Antibacterial Properties of Nootkatone Against Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Yamaguchi Takayoshi
Published: June 2019

Nootkatone is one of the sesquiterpenes contained in citrus peels, especially in grapefruits. It is known that nootkatone has various physiological activities such as antioxidative and antifibrotic actions. This study showed that nootkatone, a natural sesquiterpene, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Bacillus cereus, with the antibacterial effect against C. diphtheriae being most pronounced. However, no growth-inhibitory effects or bactericidal activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the bactericidal activity of nootkatone at a high concentration was observed against Gram-positive bacilli. These results suggested that nootkatone may exert an antibacterial effect by targeting cell wall structures or a particular metabolite. Moreover, even at a low concentration (0.25 mM), nootkatone was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this study demonstrated antibacterial efficacy for nootkatone against Gram-positive bacteria, indicating that nootkatone could be a potential candidate for the development of new antibacterial agents.
A Mixed Methods Study on the Status of School Orchestra Programs in Oregon: An Explanation of Inhibiting and Promoting Factors
Authors: Ihas Dijana
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed methods study was to examine the status of school orchestra programs in Oregon and to explain the reasoning behind the descriptive data. The quantitative phase of the study reported the data on the number of school districts and schools by type that offer orchestra instruction as well as the profile of those schools, their orchestra programs, and orchestra teachers. Unexpected findings from the quantitative phase indicated that among the three large school districts that are comparable in size, budget, and students’ demographics, only one offers orchestra instruction in every school within the district ( n = 65) while the other two districts offer orchestra instruction in one high school each. This finding prompted the qualitative phase of the study that illuminated factors that inhibit and promote the quality of education within Oregon schools. The mixed methods findings explained the discrepancy in music offerings among the three large school districts through the perspectives of the three arts administrators, one from each district.
Effects of Short-Term Practice With a Tonic Drone Accompaniment on Middle and High School Violin and Viola Intonation
Authors: Zabanal John-Rine A.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tonic drone accompaniment on the intonation of violinists and violists. Twenty-eight middle and high school students performed an ascending diatonic line and a descending dominant 7th arpeggio on the violin or viola in three trials: pretest, posttest accompanied with drone, and posttest unaccompanied. The students were grouped based on age and years of experience. A significant difference in cent deviation scores was found between age groups but not years of experience. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the middle-age group and the youngest group. No significant difference was found overall between pretest, drone accompanied posttest, and unaccompanied posttest conditions.
Modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty for fracture neck of femur using contemporary cementing technique: Long-term results of a single design
Authors: Mak Yik-Fung , Li Hok-Yin-Alwin , Lee Qunn-Jid , Wong Yiu-Chung
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

The use of bipolar prosthesis in the management of displaced fracture neck of femur has remained controversial. There has been a lack of long-term studies in its results and survivorship, especially in acetabular erosion.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 108 single design bipolar hemiarthroplasties (105 patients) performed in a single centre between 1999 and 2008, with a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (range: 2.2–18.3 years). General indications of surgery include displaced fracture with age less than 75, narrow femoral canals not permitting the use of a monoblock implant or as salvage procedure for failed internal fixation.

Results:

Six hips (5%) required further surgery – two patients had debridement for infection and four patients required revision to total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to infection or aseptic loosening. There was no dislocation. No revision was required for acetabulum erosion. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a 15-year survival free of revision due to any reason to be 93.1% and due to aseptic loosening to be 97.1%.

Discussion:

Our centre has shown excellent clinical results and low revision rate with the cemented bipolar system. In the context of displaced fracture neck of femur, the long-term results can be compared with THA which is associated with higher perioperative morbidity.
The effect of erythropoietin on rat rotator cuff repair model: An experimental study
Authors: Oztermeli Ahmet , Karaca Sinan , Yucel Istemi , Midi Ahmet , Sen Elif Itir , Ozturk Burak Yagmur
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine whether erythropoietin (EPO) can enhance rotator cuff healing in rats as measured by histological analysis and biomechanical testing.

Methods:

A total of 72 rats were included in this study. In the control group ( n = 24), repair was performed without EPO injection. In the local group ( n = 24) EPO was injected in the repair site. In the systemic group ( n = 24) EPO was administered as an intraperitoneal injection every day for 10 days after repair. Rats were euthanized on day 10 ( n = 12 from each group) and day 28 ( n = 12 from each group). Histopathological ( n = 6) and biomechanical examinations ( n = 6) were done.

Results:

Biomechanical results reveal that the maximum load to failure values of the early control group were statistically lower than those of the early systemic group ( p = 0.006). Comparing the the total Bonar values histopathologically reveal that the early systemic group was statistically higher than those of the early local group ( p = 0.043). The late control group was statistically higher than those of the late local group ( p = 0.003) and the late systemic group ( p = 0.034). The late systemic group was statistically higher than those of the late local group ( p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

EPO application had a positive effect biomechanically in the early euthanized group and histopathologically in the late euthanized group.
Lateral Compartment Contact Pressures Do Not Increase After Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis and Subsequent Subtotal Meniscectomy
Authors: Shimakawa Tomoyuki , Burkhart Timothy A. , Dunning Cynthia E. , Degen Ryan M. , Getgood Alan M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Modified Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has been proposed as a method of addressing persistent anterolateral rotatory laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, concerns remain regarding the potential for increasing lateral compartment contact pressures.

Purpose:

To investigate changes in tibiofemoral joint contact pressures after isolated ACLR and combined ACLR plus LET with varying states of a lateral meniscal injury.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens (mean age, 60.0 ± 3.4 years) were utilized for this study, with specimens potted and loaded on a materials testing machine. A pressure sensor was inserted into the lateral compartment of the tibiofemoral joint, and specimens were loaded at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion in the following states: (1) baseline (ACL- and anterolateral ligament–deficient), (2) ACLR, (3) ACLR with LET, (4) partial meniscectomy (removal of 50% of the posterior third of the lateral meniscus), (5) subtotal meniscectomy (removal of 100% of the posterior third of the lateral meniscus), and (6) LET release (LETR). Mean contact pressure, peak pressure, and center of pressure were analyzed using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results:

Across all flexion angles, there was no statistically significant increase in the mean contact pressure or peak pressure after ACLR plus LET with and without lateral meniscectomy compared with isolated ACLR. There was a significant reduction in the mean contact pressure, from baseline, after subtotal meniscectomy (69.72% ± 19.27% baseline; P = .04) and LETR (65.81% ± 13.40% baseline; P = .003) at 0° and after the addition of LET to ACLR at 30° (61.20% ± 23.08% baseline; P = .031). The center of pressure was observed to be more anterior after partial (0°, 30°) and subtotal (0°, 60°) meniscectomy and LETR (0°, 30°, 60°).

Conclusion:

Under the loading conditions of this study, LET did not significantly alter lateral compartment contact pressures when performed in conjunction with ACLR in the setting of an intact or posterior horn–deficient lateral meniscus.

Clinical Relevance:

This study should provide surgeons with the confidence that it is safe to perform LET in this manner in conjunction with ACLR without altering lateral compartment pressures, regardless of the status of the lateral meniscus.
How App Books’ Affordances Are Related to Young Children’s Reading Behaviors and Outcomes
Authors: Christ Tanya , Wang X. Christine , Chiu Ming Ming , Strekalova-Hughes Ekaterina
Published: June 2019

Given the increasing use of app books with young children, research is needed to inform their selection and design. Although broad guidelines exist, more fine-grained guidance is needed. To address this need, we explored the relations among app books’ digital affordances, readers’ behaviors with these affordances during both buddy and individual reading sessions, and their individual outcomes. Fifty-three kindergarteners (ages 5.05–6.46 years; M = 5.60, SD = 0.42) read 12 app books twice each across 24 buddy reading sessions and four app books once each across four individual reading sessions, and their comprehension was assessed after each individual reading session. Multivariate, mixed response analysis found that (a) when a greater number of minimum hotspots were available per page, retelling was better; and (b) availability of word hotspots was linked to better critical thinking/inference outcomes. Implications include choosing app books with affordances that this study showed support particular reading outcomes, in alignment with instructional goals.
Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa
Authors: Emeka Promise M , AlMunjem Manea Fares , Rasool Sahibzada Tasleem , Kamil Noor
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Patient counseling can be helpful in improving the outcome of disease management, particularly chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, which is common in Saudi Arabia. The present study looks to investigate the levels of counseling and satisfaction among patients attending diabetic clinics in outpatient hospital pharmacy in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional investigation, carried out by using interview-structured questionnaire, targeting diabetes mellitus patients with or without comorbid states. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts comprising of demographics, counseling types given while collecting prescription, and satisfaction rating of services provided.

Result:

More males than females participated; most of whom were college graduates older than 51 years. Sixty-three percent of the entire participants are type 1 diabetic patients, while 37% are type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Coexistence of hypercholesterolemia was higher among type 1 diabetes patients with 51.9%, while hypertension was more common among type 2 diabetic patients representing 68.2%. Findings also showed that counseling was provided for medication use among type 1 diabetic patients but was deficient in the case of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients received low level of counseling on side effects and healthy lifestyle living. Satisfaction level was only 11.1%, indicating that counseling services might be deficient.

Conclusion:

This study has revealed poor counseling practices and low satisfaction levels in services provided by outpatient hospital pharmacies to diabetic patients. In the face of increasing prevalence of diabetes and comorbidity, counseling of diabetic patients is critical.
Effective Local Self-Governance Through Gram Panchayats: A Case Study from Rural India
Authors: Kumar Ajit
Published: June 2019

This article explores the broad processes that facilitated the effectiveness of a Gram Panchayat (GP, institution of local self-governance), despite its location in a relatively underdeveloped region. By employing a qualitative case study method and drawing on interviews, observations and secondary data, the effective work of Ahana GP, notwithstanding political contradictions, is analysed. Three practice implications arising from this case study are: the significance of developing organic links between a community and its economy; building effective grassroots-level leadership; and addressing felt needs of a community within the complex development process. The findings may be useful for local level development practice in similar contexts, both in developed and developing countries.
Understanding the Future of HRM Through the VUCA Lens
Authors: Jain Ankur
Published: June 2019

The article presents a shared understanding of what volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) means in the current context. It then discusses the implications of VUCA for human resource management professionals by demonstrating how technology development at an unprecedented scale leads to volatility; unpredictability of business models leads to uncertainty; exposure to multiple dimensions leads to complexity; and constant need for innovation leads to ambiguity. The article ends with a set of questions that would aid human resource professionals to reflect and prepare for the future, in their specific contexts.
Selecting Organizational Partners for Interorganizational Projects: The Dual but Limited Role of Digital Capabilities in the Construction Industry
Authors: Braun Timo , Sydow Jörg
Published: June 2019

The selection of partners is critical for the success of interorganizational projects. Based on conceptual reasoning in light of prior research, as well as illustrative empirical insights into an ongoing interorganizational project in the construction industry, we argue that partner selection practices not only target the organizational capabilities of potential partners but they themselves require an organizational capability to search for, evaluate, and select. This article delineates the facets of this capability, reveals the role of digital capabilities therein, and shows that the respective capabilities are crucial for inclusion and exclusion in interorganizational projects. The results also point to capabilities that emerge at the interorganizational nexus.
Gestational Diabetes Adversely Affects Pancreatic Islet Architecture and Function in the Male Rat Offspring
Authors: Agarwal Prasoon , Brar Navdeep , Morriseau Taylor S , Kereliuk Stephanie M , Fonseca Mario A , Cole Laura K , Jha Aruni , Xiang Bo , Hunt Kristin L , Seshadri Nivedita , Hatch Grant M , Doucette Christine A , Dolinsky Vernon W
Published: June 2019

Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and poor postnatal diet are strong risk factors for type 2 diabetes development later in life, but the mechanisms connecting GDM exposure to offspring metabolic health remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine how GDM interacts with the postnatal diet to affect islet function in the offspring as well as characterize the gene expression changes in the islets. GDM was induced in female rats using a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet, and litters from lean or GDM dams were weaned onto a low-fat (LF) or HFS diet. Compared with the lean control offspring, GDM exposure reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets isolated from 15-week-old offspring, which was additively worsened when GDM exposure was combined with postnatal HFS diet consumption. In the HFS diet–fed offspring of lean dams, islet size and number increased, an adaptation that was not observed in the HFS diet–fed offspring of GDM dams. Islet gene expression in the offspring of GDM dams was altered in such categories as inflammation (e.g., Il1b, Ccl2), mitochondrial function/oxidative stress resistance (e.g., Atp5f1, Sod2), and ribosomal proteins (e.g., Rps6, Rps14). These results demonstrate that GDM exposure induced marked changes in gene expression in the male young adult rat offspring that cumulatively interact to worsen islet function, whole-body glucose homeostasis, and adaptations to HFS diets.
Synthesis, Adsorption Properties and Stability of Cr-Doped Lithium Ion Sieve in Salt Lake Brine
Authors: Cao Gaifang , Yang Xiyun , Yin Zhoulan , Lei Yuntao , Wang Hao , Li Jishen
Published: June 2019

Li1.6Mn1.6−xCrxO4 was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction followed by acid leaching to form lithium ion sieve. The structure, morphology and composition were examined using X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS. The influences of Cr doping content and hydrothermal temperature on Li+ adsorption capacity and manganese dissolution ratio were investigated. The result indicates that Cr is incorporated into the spinel structure with cell contraction when x ≤ 0.08. Li1.6Mn1.6−xCrxO4 shows Li+ adsorption capacity of 31.67 mg/g and Mn dissolution ratio of 2.1% when x is 0.016 at 270 °C. After 20 cycles in salt lake brine, the Mn dissolution ratio and Li adsorption capacity is 0.35% and 25.5 mg/g, respectively. The Cr-doped ion-sieve shows improved adsorption capacity, retention and structural stability compared with the undoped lithium ion-sieve. The adsorption process for the Cr-doped ion-sieve follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Thyroid shielding in cone beam computed tomography: recommendations towards appropriate use
Authors: Pauwels Ruben , Horner Keith , Vassileva Jenia , Rehani Madan M.
Published: June 2019

The objective of this paper is to provide recommendations towards the appropriate use of thyroid shielding in dental cone beam CT (CBCT). Based on current evidence of thyroid radiosensitivity, dosimetric data in the presence and absence of shielding, and a depiction of potential adverse effects of thyroid shielding, a concise set of recommendations was prepared. According to current risk models, thyroid sensitivity is particularly high at a young age, and much higher for females. In the literature, involving adult male, female and paediatric reference phantoms, the use of a tightly fitted thyroid collar with a lead-equivalent thickness of at least 0.25 mm has consistently shown a significant reduction (average: 45.9%) of the equivalent dose to the thyroid. It can therefore be recommended that thyroid shielding should be routinely used for children undergoing CBCT scanning and is recommended for adults up to the age of 50. The increase of the X-ray tube current from automatic exposure control systems due to thyroid shielding can be avoided by placing the shielding collar after acquiring the scout images. Should real-time tube current modulation be implemented in dental CBCT imaging in the future, perspectives regarding the appropriate use of shielding may change according to current trends in CT. In view of the manifestation of metal artefacts, shielding is best avoided if radiological evaluation of tissues below the lower border of the mandible is needed.
Evaluation of a pilot program for task sharing short and long-acting contraceptive methods in Burkina Faso
Authors: Chin-Quee Dawn S. , Ridgeway Kathleen , Onadja Yentéma , Guiella Georges , Bai Guy Martial , Brennan Claire , Page Georgina
Published: June 2019

Background: The Family Health Directorate of the Ministry of Health (MoH/FHD) and Marie Stopes Burkina Faso (MS BF), with implementing partners, Association Burkinabé pour le Bien-être Familial (ABBEF) and Equilibres & Populations (Equipop) collaborated to conduct a pilot project in Burkina Faso focused on “increasing access to family planning (FP) services through task-sharing short- and long-acting family planning methods to primary care cadres.” Four cadres of providers were trained to provide intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants, while community health workers (CHWs) were trained to provide pills and subcutaneous injectables. FHI 360 and the Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP) evaluated the project’s impact on method uptake, client satisfaction, safety, acceptability and the feasibility of task sharing.

Methods: The evaluation employed service statistics, client exit interviews (quantitative) and in-depth interviews (qualitative). New FP clients, community representatives, MoH officials, and pilot project-trained FP providers from Dandé and Tougan districts participated in these interviews.

Results: Providers, community representatives and government officials all spoke favorably of the pilot project and considered it a boon to women and the communities in which they lived. FP clients were satisfied with their methods and the services they received from their respective providers, and they reported no safety concerns. However, service statistics did not show a clear and steady increase in method uptake for the four methods beyond spikes coinciding with pre-existing free contraceptive weeks.

Conclusions: Results of the evaluation were largely positive. These evaluation findings are being used to guide decisions about scale-up.
Editorial V.35, nº 103 (2019
Authors: G&R Editoria
Published: June 2019

Editorial primeira edição de 2019
Modeling of Complex Systems by Means of Partial Algebras
Authors: Bila Jiri , Rodríguez Ricardo Jorge , Novak Martin
Published: June 2019

Complex systems are very hard to describe by some unified language and calculus. In cases when their nature is very heterogeneous is possible to use with advantage state description. Formalization of operations on the set of states usually leads to partial algebras. The work with partial algebras is rather difficult and unpractical. From this reason some methods approximating partial algebras by some more symmetrical objects are searched for.  In this paper there is proposed an approximation of this algebras by free cyclic groups. Then using the combination of Matroid Theory and Ramsey theory of graph the prediction of a possible appearance of emergent situation is executed. Data and knowledge used in the paper for the demonstration of developed method application are from the field of Ecology.
Revisiting Hitti's Thoughts on Palestine and Arab
Identity
Authors: Shibley Gregory J.
Published: June 2019

Philip K. Hitti was the first scholar to study Arab-American immigration to the
United States. Highly influential during the twentieth century, his ideas have
lost much of their appeal to current interpreters of the early diaspora of
Arab-Americans called Syrians at the time. This article revisits Hitti's
thought, focusing on the issues of Palestine and Arab identity. Using primary
source material from Hitti's archived papers, plus multiple secondary sources, I
argue that Hitti maintained consistency, both in his advocacy of the general
Arab stance opposing a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and in his construction of
Arab identity as different from Syrian identity. On Palestine, Hitti clashed
with Albert Einstein, in public discourse and in an acerbic private exchange of
correspondence. On Arab identity, Hitti held firm to a strict interpretation,
distinguishing Syrians, conceptualized as Christian, from Arabs, conceptualized
as Islamic.
Югославия в европейской политике Великобритании в 1938-1941 гг.
Authors: Аршинцева Ольга Алексеевна , Сковородников Александр Васильевич
Published: June 2019

Рассматриваются дискуссионные вопросы политики Великобритании в отношении Югославии накануне и в начальный период Второй мировой войны, включая проблему преемственности британского внешнеполитического курса. Авторы проводят сравнительный анализ позиций современных зарубежных и отечественных исследователей и оценивают их аргументы исходя из архивных материалов и других источников по теме. Официальные документы позволили выявить британские внешнеполитические цели и дипломатические методы, характерные для позиции британских правительств Н. Чемберлена и У. Черчилля по отношению к Югославии в рамках балканской политики Великобритании в целом. Для ответа на вопрос о преемственности этой политики авторы выявляют особые дипломатические методы, которые использовала британская сторона в период с 1938 по 1941 г. Комплексное исследование проблемы дало основание для выводов о соотношении внутриполитических, военно-стратегических и международных факторов, оказавших влияние на британскую дипломатию и позицию югославского руководства, а также определить причины неудачи политики «нейтрализации» Балкан и ее последствия для дальнейшего хода Второй мировой войны.
Da crise à abundância: Segurança alimentar e modernização agrícola na Europa no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia Nasser de
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar a crise alimentar e humanitária vivida pela Europa no pós-Segunda Guerra às ações dos Estados europeus para superá-la e para garantir sua segurança alimentar. O conflito foi determinante para a decisão das nações europeias de proteger e estimular a modernização do campo por meio de políticas públicas. A partir da década de 1950, os processos de produção e de distribuição de bens agrícolas entraram em uma nova fase de mudanças estruturais em muitos países europeus, tendo em vista que as unidades agrícolas foram se tornando empresas altamente produtivas.
Dos relatórios provinciais à polifonia dos moradores do Quilombo de Santa Tereza do Matupiri-Andirá/AM, Norte do Brasil
Authors: Albuquerque Renan , Ferreira Georgio Ítalo
Published: June 2019

Foi feito levantamento historiográfico sobre a temática da escravidão negra na Amazônia com direcionamento Ã  reflexão sobre o processo de autodeclaração do Quilombo do Matupiri, município de Barreirinha/Amazonas. A metodologia foi instrumentalizada pela técnica do uso de etnografia e coleta de narrativas em campo. Conclui-se que o recente movimento de autodeclaração dos comunitários de Santa Tereza do Matupiri, conceitualmente chamado de etnogênese, fomentou a recriação de novos processos de territorialização da região do rio Andirá, sendo que se afirmar como quilombola fortaleceu laços afetivos e de pertencimento Ã  terra, objetivados em festividades e economia na região.
Sobre um escravo que sabia ler e o princípio de um suposta insurreição em Campos dos Goytacazes (1871-1877)
Authors: Soares de Lemos Carlos Eugênio , Ribeiro Rafaela Machado
Published: June 2019

No dia 09 de maio de 1877, acusado de ser o cabeça de uma provável insurreição que aconteceria no engenho do Queimado, o escravo Manoel "Çacramento" justificou a sua ação com a escusa de que lera no jornal que "os braços erão livres e, como taes, devião ganhar jornalâ€. Portanto, ele e os seus companheiros de cativeiro se apropriaram desse enunciado e o transformaram num argumento de autoridade em defesa do seu direito à liberdade. Partindo de uma abordagem historiográfica que concebe o escravo como sujeito reflexivo, baseando-se em diferentes fontes históricas, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo a inscrição desses escravos em outras posições discursivas, que não as de submissão à lógica da classe senhorial, levou-os a se rebelarem contra os sentidos dominantes nos discursos da boa sociedade de Campos dos Goytacazes, na província do Rio de Janeiro, no período de crise do escravismo.
Seaweed resources of the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: McDermid Karla J. , Martin Keelee J. , Haws Maria C.
Published: June 2019

Up-to-date information about the unique marine flora of the Hawaiian Islands – its environment, uses, cultivation, conservation, and threats – comes from many sources, and is compiled here for the first time. The seaweed resources of the Hawaiian Islands are taxonomically diverse, biogeographically intriguing, ecologically complex, culturally significant, and economically valuable. Macroalgae, historically and today, are critical components of the marine ecosystem, as well as the diet and culture of people living in the islands. Some Hawaiian seaweeds are known to contain valuable bioactive compounds that have potential medical and pharmaceutical applications. Cultivation of Hawaiian seaweeds is carried out in tanks, ponds, and along the shoreline, both commercially and by “back-yard” farmers. Several community groups are actively working to preserve cultural knowledge, to re-plant the reefs, and to remove invasive algal species. The seaweed resources of Hawaiʻi are cherished, but are at risk. The future of seaweed cultivation, maintenance and revitalization of native populations, and preservation of cultural knowledge relies on the collaborative efforts of all stakeholders.
Synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticle from bamboo leaf and its incorporation in PDMS membrane to enhance its separation properties
Authors: Sethy Naresh K. , Arif Zeenat , Mishra Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2019

A low-cost indigenous silica powder at nano-scale was synthesized by thermal combustion and alkaline extraction technique from bamboo leaf ash. The bamboo leaf ash was prepared by heating the bamboo leaf at 750°C for 5 h. The amorphous SiO2 nanoparticle with an average particle size of 20 nm was used for the industrial application. The synthesized nanoparticle as a filler was mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer solution to synthesize a nanocomposite membrane by a solution casting method. The morphological study was done using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the chemical structure was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyzed the thermal stability of the membranes, and the hydrophobicity was measured using contact angle analyzer. Separation of the acetic-water mixture was carried out by nano-composite PDMS membrane to study the effect of silica loading on the PDMS membrane. It was observed that the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles significantly improves the pervaporation flux as well as the thermal stability.
Parameterization in labeling: Evidence from child language
Authors: Murasugi Keiko
Published: June 2019

This paper examines very early child grammars from the minimalist perspective. It discusses the well-known erroneous strings very young children produce such as Root Infinitives in English and their Japanese counterparts, preverbal object sentences in English, and sentences without Case markers in Japanese. The main question to be addressed is whether those sentences children produce are labeled, and if so, how the labeling takes place. Assuming that ϕ-feature agreement and suffixal Case markers play crucial roles for labeling in English and Japanese respectively (Chomsky 2013; Saito 2016), I consider two possibilities. One is that children are equipped with those almost from the outset although they are not phonetically realized. This means that even the erroneous strings children produced are properly labeled. The other is that those strings are not labeled in the adult way and that children at the relevant stage are still in the process of figuring out how the {XP, YP} structure is labeled in their respective languages. I argue that the latter is a viable possibility, given the parameterization in the labeling mechanism, and receives support from the child data as well. This conclusion implies that a main part of the acquisition of syntax is for a child to discover how her/his target language labels the {XP, YP} structure.
Physicochemical transformation of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in sea water and its impact on bacterial toxicity
Authors: Baysal Asli , Saygin Hasan , Ustabasi Gul Sirin
Published: June 2019

Background: The enormous properties of metal oxide nanoparticles make it possible to use these nanoparticles in a wide range of products. As their usage and application continue to expand, environmental health concerns have been raised. In order to understand the behavior and effect of metal oxide nanoparticles in the environment, comprehensive and comparable physicochemical and toxicological data on the environmental matrix are required. However, the behavior and effect of nanoparticles in the real environmental matrix, e.g. sea water, are still unknown. Methods: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles on the bacteria (gram positive-Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus/gram-negative Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in sea water were investigated. Furthermore, to better understand the behavior of the toxicity, surface chemistry, sedimentation, dissolution, particle size, and zeta potential of the nanoparticles dispersed in the sea water matrices were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Results: The environmental matrix had a significant influence on physicochemical behavior of the tested nanoparticles. Besides, the inhibition of tested bacteria was observed against ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of sea water, while there was no inhibition in the controlled condition. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that surface chemistry with exposure to the sea water can have a significant role on the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their toxicity.
Primer registro de Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hadju, Mothes & van Soest, 2004 (Familia: Halichondriidae) para un sistema lagunar del golfo de México
Authors: de la Cruz-Francisco Vicencio , Rodríguez Muñoz Jimmy , Argüelles-Jiménez Salvador , León Méndez Ramses Giovanni , Duran López Aarón
Published: June 2019

Se registra por primera vez la presencia de Amorphinopsis atlantica en un sistema lagunar del golfo de México. Esta esponja fue reportada en Brasil donde prefiere asentarse sobre costas rocosas y en estuarios. Las observaciones y recolecta de especímenes provienen de la laguna de Tampamachoco, ubicada al norte de Veracruz, México. Los ejemplares registrados se contemplaron como epibiontes en bancos ostrícolas de Isognomon alatus, donde destacaron por su coloración amarilla, y su forma incrustante ahí masiva con ramificaciones prolongadas. Presenta megascleras oxeas (331-774/7-16 μm; largo/ancho) y estilos (138-205/5-9 μm; largo/ancho). Con base en los avistamientos realizados del 2015 a la fecha, se considera que A. atlantica es una especie establecida en el sistema lagunar. El presente registro aumenta el ámbito de distribución original de A. atlantica hacia las costas del golfo de México.
Editorial - Letras de Hoje v. 54, n. 1 (2019)
Authors: Moreira Maria Eunice
Published: June 2019

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Authors: Subandriyo, ST Joko
Published: June 2019

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İZNİK TARİHİNİ SİMGELEYEN BİR ANIT: ANTİK ROMA TİYATROSU
Authors: EKİN MERİÇ Aygün
Published: June 2019

Bursa ilinin İznik ilçesinde bulunan tiyatro
yapısı MS 2. yüzyılda İmparator Traianus Döneminde inşa edilmiştir. Gladyatör
dövüşlerinin ve diğer oyunların oynandığı tiyatronun bu özgün kullanım evresi
sadece iki yüz yıl sürmüştür. Tiyatro ve çevresindeki alanlar bu dönemden sonra
yaşanan doğal afetler, siyasi olaylar, dini devrimler sonucunda ve ticari
faaliyetler nedeniyle farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaya devam etmiştir. Tiyatro
öncesi dönemlere ait buluntular da yapının temel seviyelerinde ele geçmektedir.
Bu çalışmada tüm bu evreler elde edilen buluntu ve ipuçları aracılığıyla
verilmektedir. Böylece alanın sürekliliği, üst üste kullanım evreleri eşliğinde
en eski yerleşimden günümüze kadar sunulmuş olacaktır.
Sin sucesión no hay continuidad
Authors: Vanoni - Martínez Giuseppe
Published: June 2019

En el mundo de las empresas familiares ninguna es igual a otra, cada una tiene sus particularidades y características que las hace únicas. Son las diferencias en la cultura, las distintas legislaciones gubernamentales y la diversidad de problemas de índole familiar y organizacional, lo que hace que se comporten de diferente manera. De forma paralela a lo mencionado, este tipo de empresas coinciden con una creciente importancia económica social e institucional en Colombia.