bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The growth performance of Rhizophora apiculata using the cut-propagule method for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia
Authors: USMAN ANDI HURUL AUNI , HARTOYO ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI , KUSMANA CECEP
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Usman AHA, Hartoyo APP, Kusmana C. 2022. The growth performance of Rhizophora apiculata using the cut-propagule method for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6366-6378. A high decrease in the size of Indonesia's mangrove forests requires effective and efficient rehabilitation efforts. One of the efforts is using Rhizophora apiculata as the adaptive and fast-growing mangrove species and its cut-propagule seedling method for accelerating plant propagation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the growth performance of R. apiculata propagules with various treatments of propagule cutting, seedling media, and giving growth regulators (PGR), as well as to determine the best combination of treatment for the growth of R. apiculata. An experimental study was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized design with 3 factors (propagule cutting, seedling media, and giving PGR) and 3 replications. The interaction of the combination of cut-propagule treatment, planting media, and growth regulator (AxBxC) only had a significant effect on the increase in the number of leaves of R. apiculata. Complete propagules and the lower part of cutting propagules with a combination of mud+sand seedling media and 10,000 ppm PGR (a0b1c1 and a2b1c1) resulted in the best value on the growth of R. apiculata. The cut-propagule seedling method of R. apiculata still showed good growth so it can be used as an alternative to mass vegetative reproduction in mangrove rehabilitation activity.
Abundance, distribution mapping and DNA barcoding of Procontarinia robusta (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a mango gall midge in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Susila I Wayan , Sumiartha I Ketut , Supartha I Wayan , Yudha I Kadek Wisma , Utama I Wayan Eka Karya , Yasa I Wayan Sandika , Wiradana Putu Angga
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Susila IW, Sumiartha IK, Supartha IW, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Yasa IWS, Wiradana PA. 2022. Abundance, distribution mapping and DNA barcoding of Procontarinia robusta (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a mango gall midge in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6428-6436. Gall midge (Procontarinia robusta) is an important pest of mango plants in various countries in the world, including Indonesia. This pest causes very serious damage to mango leaves which until now has not been reported. This study aims to map the distribution and abundance of the pest population and identify the pest species using the DNA barcode method on mango tree plantations in Bali, Indonesia. The survey method was used to collect data from various districts and cities in Bali Province, Indonesia. Mitochondrial COI primers were used to identify DNA barcodes. The results showed that the highest population abundance of P. robusta was found in Denpasar City. These pests have spread evenly throughout the Province of Bali, from the lowlands to the middle and highlands. Through a molecular approach, the insect pest that causes mango leaf gall in Bali Province is identified as P. robusta as the first report that can be used by researchers, related agencies, and farmers to be alert and ready with strategies and control tactics in the future. Further research is needed related to monitoring using sex pheromones or plant volatiles and the search for natural enemies for monitoring purposes and initiation towards biological control.
Occurrence of heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Cd in Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia caseolaris in the coastal area of Subang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: HEWINDATI YUNI TRI , SUHARDI DEDDY AHMAD , ZUHAIRI FAWZI RAHMADIYAN , DIKI DIKI , YULIANA ERNIK
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hewindati YT, Suhardi DA, Zuhairi FR, Diki, Yuliana E. 2022. Occurrence of heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Cd in Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia caseolaris in the coastal area of Subang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6471-6479. The high urbanization in coastal areas is one of the causes of mangrove ecosystems experiencing pressure due to water pollution by anthropogenic activities, especially through heavy metals pollution. As vegetation grows in transitional areas, mangroves have a different structure and physiology from plants in the land area, so they have a high resistance to the pressure of heavy metal pollution. The measurement was carried out on the content of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Cuprum (Cu), and Plumbum (Pb) in Subang, West Java. Our study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal found in the roots, leaves, and trunks of species Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler. Sampling was conducted in the rivers at three locations: Langensari, Blanakan, and the estuary area. The concentration of heavy metals in each organ was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) technique was used to obtain a more detailed description of the accumulation pattern of heavy metals. The mapping was carried out using a two-dimensional plot containing 18 observation samples, nine variable combinations of heavy metal content in three organs, and the location of observations and plant species. Both plant species had a high accumulation absorption of heavy metals but with different characteristics. S. caseolaris determined the accumulation characteristics of Cu and Cd in the three observation areas with a total contribution of 60.3%. Meanwhile, R. apiculata significantly contributed to determining the characteristics of the accumulation of Cu and Pb in the entire observation area, with its contribution of 15.5%. However, the highest average accumulation of Pb was found in the R. apiculata leaves in Blanakan and the estuary area, which was 16.054 mg/kg and 12.769 mg/kg, respectively.
Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Retnaningdyah Catur , Cahya Febriansyah Satria , Hakim Luchman
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Retnaningdyah C, Febriansyah SC, Hakim L. 2022. Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6480-6491. The mangrove ecosystem in East Java has been degraded due to land use change. Some of these mangrove ecosystems have been restored. However, the success of these restoration activities has never been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on the Southern Coast of East Java by observing the physical and chemical quality of water and macrozoobenthos that live in mangroves, especially crustaceans and gastropods, as bioindicators. Samplings were carried out on seven mangrove ecosystems, namely restored ecosystems (Cengkrong, Sine, Getem, Kondang Merak, Clungup Mangrove Conservation/CMC) and natural ecosystems as reference sites (Alas Purwo National Park/TNAP and Sempu island). The water quality parameters observed were pH, conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, orthophosphate, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), salinity, sulfide content (H2S), oil and fat content, and dissolved lead (Pb) content. The macrozoobenthos communities observed were gastropods and crabs, while the mangrove communities  monitored were only trees, using plots, each measuring 10x10 m. The results showed that some water quality parameters did not meet the sea water quality standards for marine life, namely DO and nitrate levels for all locations, H2S, and oil/fat in some locations. The quality of the restored mangrove ecosystem in the Cengkrong and CMC areas was better than that of other sites, with a Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H') for mangrove trees of 2.796 and 2.235 and was close to the quality at the reference sites, namely Alas Purwo and Sempu island (H' 2.953 and 2.356). The H' value of macrozoobenthos in the Cengkrong and CMC mangrove ecosystem was also high (4.37 and 3.47) and almost the same as the H' value of Sempu Island and Alas Purwo (3.45 and 3.88), while in other mangrove ecosystems it ranged from 1.33 to 2.60. The  species diversity of mangrove vegetation had a significant (? 0.05-0.1) to very significant (? <0.05) positive correlation with the diversity of crabs and gastropods, so the diversity of macrozoobenthos (crabs and gastropods) can be used as a bioindicator of the quality of the mangrove ecosystem.
Vegetation structure of forests over limestone and its influencing environmental factors in Samar Island Natural Park, Philippines
Authors: VILLANUEVA ELAINE LOREEN C. , OBEÑA REN DIVIEN R. , ORIGENES MARNE G. , BUOT, JR INOCENCIO E.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Villanueva ELC, Obeña RDR, Origenes MG, Buot IE Jr. 2022. Vegetation structure of forests over limestone and its influencing environmental factors in Samar Island Natural Park, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 6492-6512. Samar Island National Park (SINP) forests over limestone, a nominee to the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List, needs a comprehensive study of its vegetation structure as the baseline for monitoring and effective conservation. Thus, an inventory was conducted in SINP inland forests over limestone with the following objectives: 1) to discuss the woody vegetation structure in the forests of SINP, and 2), to determine the environmental factors affecting the characteristic physiognomy and ecology of Paranas and Taft forests. Standard vegetation techniques in a total of eighteen 20m x 20m plots, classification and ordination analyses were conducted. A total of 3,578 tree individuals in 72 species, under 46 genera belonging to 35 families, were recorded from Paranas and Taft. Cluster analysis revealed 3 vegetation clusters named after the dominant species: 1) Shorea-Manilkara-Walaceodendron Cluster, 2) Shorea and Dracaena Cluster, and 3) Shorea-Manilkara-Hancea Cluster. Canonical correspondence analysis identified temperature as the most important environmental variable influencing the vegetation of SINP. Other environmental variables, despite their high rate of change and little effect on other species, may have multiple effects and indirect influences on other factors influencing the structure of vegetation in SINP. Thus, the development of appropriate conservation strategies is a must.
The application of medicinal plants in the local community of Gantara Forest, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: HAMZAH NURNANINGSIH , HUSNA HUSNA , RUSLIN RUSLIN , ARBA MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hamzah N, Husna, Ruslin, Arba M. 2022. The application of medicinal plants in the local community of Gantara Forest, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6557-6563. The local community around Forest Management Unit (FMU) Gantara (Gantara Forest) has traditionally utilized medicinal plants, especially people in Liwu Metingki Village of Muna District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, yet the least information on its application has been recorded. This study investigated the traditional application of medicinal plants by the local community nearby Gantara Forest, specifically Liwu Metingki Village. Exploratory research was implemented using the multi-method approach of field observation and a semi-structured interview with 17 traditional practitioners living around Gantara Forest. The study successfully collected and identified 34 potential medicinal plants in 20 families to treat 21 diseases. Most plants have a habitus of the tree (39%), which 67% of the local community apply as traditional herbs. Boiling has become the most popular practice in using medicinal plants of the local community (45%) to obtain benefits from the plants against internal diseases (37%). This finding demonstrates the vital role of sustainable management of Gantara Forest for human health. With this finding, the community is strongly expected to understand the significant role of medicinal plants, so they can attempt to protect the plants by, for example, planting them in their yards.
The role of merA gene of mercury-resistant Escherichia coli from Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in emerging antibiotic resistance
Authors: MARTANI NATALIA SRI , NOTOBROTO HARI BASUKI , WASITO EDDY BAGUS , JABAL ARIF RAHMAN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Martani NS, Notobroto HB, Wasito EB, Jabal AR. 2022. The role of merA Gene of Mercury-resistant Escherichia coli from Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in emerging antibiotic resistance. Biodiversitas 23: 6629-6634. This study collected nine water samples from the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the Kahayan river, which was heavily contaminated with mercury (Hg). The water was sampled following the collection method of surface water sample (SNI 6989.57-2008). Escherichia coli has been found in the four samples out of nine samples collected. The merA gene of bacteria was identified at 1695 base pairs (bp), bla at 199 bp, tet at 494 bp, cat at 623 bp, and gyrA at 577 bp. The merA gene from S1 from the PCR results was identified at 219 bp. However, the merA gene was not amplified with a primer measuring 1695 bp. Then, sequencing was performed, and the results indicated a 48.551% homology with E. coli Tn5075 nucleotide sequences. On examination of the cat gene, all samples are positive, or target-specific bands are observed (i.e., samples 1, 5, 6, and 7). Following sequencing, 623 bp were found to have nucleotide sequences that were 100% identical to E. coli. In all samples, the gyrA gene is either positive or has a band that corresponds to the target. Meanwhile, the results of nucleotide sequence homology of 99.826% were identical to E. coli at 586 bp. No bla gene or tet gene was identified. Sample 1 plate 1, 3, 4, 5, and sample 5 plate 3 exhibited intermediate results for ampicillin antibiotics, while the remaining results are sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Therefore, the mercury-resistant merA gene found in E. coli from the Kahayan river in Central Kalimantan has not been conclusively linked to antibiotic resistance.
Genetic analysis of Ximenia americana based on the cross-species DNA-DNA hybridization technique
Authors: EKANDJO ANNASTASIA , NAOMAND EROLD , KAHAKA GLADYS
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ekandjo A, Naomand E, Kahaka G. 2018. Genetic analysis of Ximenia americana based on DNA-DNA based on the cross-species hybridization technique. Cell Biol Dev 2: 1-7. Genetic analysis of species without the availability of complete genome arrays can be studied using the cross-species hybridization technique. The preliminary microarray studies have created DNA-DNA hybridization of X. americana to the GeneChip of Arabidopsis thaliana (ATH1). Based on the perfect-match (PM) probe signal, the probe pairs of A. thaliana that hybridized with the genomic DNA of X. americana were selected and analyzed using a cel file parser script. This selection was to generate new high-density probe mask files. The X. americana DNA-DNA hybridization data were effectively represented by this file. In addition, this study carried out gene ontology analysis of hybridization data of X. americana/A. thaliana. This gene ontology analysis showed that genes for abiotic stress response were over-expressed in respective comparison to model species of A. thaliana under natural conditions. This analysis was confirmed independently with PCR amplification of the orthologous genes using genomic DNA of X. americana, such as AT4G15910.1, SAD2, HXK1, ACC, and ERF/AP2. Due to the lack of genomic sequence data in X. americana, the primers for genomic amplification were designed using a genomic sequence of A. thaliana. The primers were designed to produce a genomic PCR product of 100 bp. Each selected gene was successfully amplified. Therefore, it gave evidence of homology within primer binding sites. However, the genomic amplification of these crucial abiotic factors in X. americana confirms the response type, which supports the adaptation of X. americana under natural conditions with stress associated (with heat and drought stress). Although transcript levels of these unique abiotic response factors could not be observed in absolute or relative terms, the study showed the inherent existence of such genes at the genomic level of X. americana. Further studies are needed to confirm that some modification of the factors of these abiotic responses or other abiotic responses within the genome of X. americana gives the key basis for its adaptation to the comparatively dry and hot climatic conditions.
Effect of cytokinin and gibberellic acid applications on seed germination and growth of Rauvolfia verticillata plant
Authors: LESTARI SRI , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Lestari S, Solichatun, Anggarwulan E. 2018. Effect of cytokinin and gibberellic acid applications on seed germination and growth of Rauvolfia verticillata plant. Cell Biol Dev 2: 27-32. The purposes of this research are to study the effect of cytokinin and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and growth of Rauvolfia verticillata Lour. or pule pandak and to determine the best treatment combination that has an optimal effect on the seed germination and growth of R. verticillata. This study was done in a complete randomized design by combination treatment of gibberellic acid and cytokinin that consist of 6 treatment combinations including GA3 0 ppm/ cytokinin 0 ppm, GA3 50 ppm/ cytokinin 0 ppm, GA3 0 ppm/ cytokinin 50 ppm, GA3 50 ppm/ cytokinin 50 ppm, GA3 50 ppm/ cytokinin 75 ppm, GA3 75 ppm/ cytokinin 50 ppm and 8 replicates. The treatments were given by soaking the mature seed in the hormone solution. Some parameters such as germination and growth parameter were measured. The result shows that presoaking treatment with GA3 50 ppm had a greater influence on germinating time, germination percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf wide, and dry weight than presoaking use cytokinin 50 ppm. Presoaking treatment using a combination of GA3 and cytokinin (G50S50) has a significant influence on increasing fresh weight and dry weight. The combination of GA3 and cytokinin in the concentration of G50S75 influences fresh weight and dry weight plants. The combination of GA3 and cytokinin in concentration G75S50 influences increased germination percentage, plant height, leaf number, and leaf wide.
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds germination
Authors: MOHAMMED NAJWA MOHAMMED IDRISE , SAID ABDEL GAFFAR ELHAG
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mohammed NMI, Said AGE. 2018. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds germination. Cell Biol Dev 2: 63-68. This study aimed to examine if pre-germination treatments could effectively promote date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed germination in the Nursery of the Horticultural Sector, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Khartoum, Sudan. Seeds were soaked in water for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days before being planted in one of the following media: sand:clay (1:1), sand:clay (1:2), sand:clay (1:0), sand:clay (0:1), and sand:clay (2:1). The factorial completely randomized block design was employed in this investigation. The 6-day soaking time resulted in the highest percentage of seeds germinating; as the soaking time increased, the percentage of seeds germinating decreased. The 6-day soaking time also improved seed germination, allowing for a 50 % final germination percentage in the shortest time. Sowing seeds in a 2:1 soil mix decreased germination days, resulting in a substantial increase in germination percentage compared to other soil type mixes evaluated, regardless of soaking duration. In addition, seeds soaked for 6 days and planted in a 2:1 soil mix produced the tallest seedlings.
Effect of BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Jatropha curcas in vitro
Authors: ANDARYANI SETIANINGRUM , SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI , YUNUS AHMAD
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Andaryani S, Samanhudi, Yunus A. 2019. Effect of BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Jatropha curcas in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 3: 56-65. The aim of this study was to obtain appropriate concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to increase callus induction in vitro using shoot explants of Jatropha curcas L. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to August 2010. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the level of BAP concentration, namely: 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and 2 ppm. The second factor is the concentration of 2,4-D, namely: 0 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.5 ppm, and 0.75 ppm. Observation variables included callus emergence time, callus color, callus texture, root emergence time, number of roots, shoot emergence time, number of shoots, leaf emergence time, number of leaves, and callus fresh weight. Qualitative data are presented descriptively. Quantitative data includes callus fresh weight data, which was analyzed for variance based on the 5% F test and continued with the DMRT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the combination of 2 ppm BAP treatment and 0.25 ppm 2,4-D was the fastest in inducing callus, 5.67 Days After Planting (DAP). All the resulting calluses have a crumb texture. The average callus color in all treatment combinations was yellowish-green. Only the treatment combination of 1 ppm BAP without 2,4-D could produce roots at 9 DAP. The combination of 0.5 ppm BAP treatment and 0.25 ppm 2,4-D was the fastest to produce shoots, 6 DAP. The fastest leaf emergence was obtained in the 1 ppm BAP treatment without 2,4-D, 11 DAP. The combination of 2 ppm BAP treatment and 0.5 ppm 2,4-D resulted in the largest callus fresh weight (2.56 g).
Effects of mycorrhizal and Rhizobium inoculation on soybean growth in acidic soils of Gatanga, Kenya
Authors: KAMAU NAOMI NJERI , KUNGU JAMES B. , MUGENDI DANIEL
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kamau NN, Kungu JB, Mugendi D. 2020. Effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation on soybean growth in acidic soils of Gatanga, Kenya. Cell Biol Dev 4: 1-16. Central Kenya's farmers have found it challenging to appropriately conserve and replace soil nutrients due to small landholdings and poverty. The inevitable result has been soil erosion and nutrient leaching, resulting in soil acidity. The purpose of this study was to see how inoculating soybeans (Glycine max Merr.) with both mycorrhiza and rhizobium as a biological approach to enhancing soil fertility in acidic soils in Gatanga, Thika District, affected soil fertility. Field studies on sterilized and non-sterilized soils taken from Gatanga were conducted at Gatanga and Kenyatta University (on-station). The field studies used a complete randomized block design, whereas the on-station experiments used a complete randomized design. The Genestat for Windows Version 8.11 was used to analyze variance (ANOVA) on the data, with means separated using LSD at a 5% significance difference. As a result of the dual inoculation with mycorrhiza and Rhizobium, the growth parameters of height, root collar diameter, shoots, and root dry weight all increased. Higher nitrogen fixation by soybeans, as demonstrated by increased nodulation and grain yields, was also a result of dual inoculation. On the germination of soybeans, dual inoculation with mycorrhiza and rhizobium had no significant effect (p<0.05). In the long rains, the height of soybeans increased greatly over the control by 88 %, but in the short rains, the growth was not significant. In the on-station experiments, there was no significant difference in height between sterilized and non-sterilized soil. Dual inoculation improved root collar diameter in the long and short rains by 80% and 8.6%, respectively. Dual inoculation raised the dry weight of the shoots by 140 % in the on-farm long rains 2005 season, whereas the changes were not significant in the short rains season and on-station experiments. In the on-farm long rains 2005 season, dual inoculation improved grain yields by 356 %, while on-station experiments saw grain yields increase by 76 % and 107 % in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, respectively. Even though nodulation was poor in all the experiments, the number of nodules increased by 676 % over the control during the long rains of 2005. The control (S) had no nodules in the on-station experiments; maybe low precipitation caused the short rain crop to perform worse than the long rain. Finally, mycorrhiza and rhizobium biological organisms could boost the productivity of the legume soybean in acidic soils. However, technologies to make microorganisms available to farmers must be developed. The obligatory nature of mycorrhizal fungi makes cultivation and commercialization difficult, and the short shelf life of rhizobium at room temperature precludes its usage by resource-limited farmers.
Characterization of pollen development and female reproductive structure of Phalaenopsis amabilis after pollination
Authors: UDKHIAWATI INNA , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , PITOYO ARI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Udkhiawati I, Solicahatun, Pitoyo A. 2020. Characterization of pollen development and female reproductive structure of Phalaenopsis amabilis after pollination. Cell Biol Dev 4: 17-25. Orchid is a superior commodity in ornamental plants. Enthusiasts of orchids cause the demand for varieties diversity. Orchids often get obstacles in pollination, so it is necessary to characterize the development of post-pollination pollen and female gametophyte structure. Characterization was conducted through in vitro and in vivo methods. This research aims to determine the development of pollen and female gametophyte structure of Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume after pollination and detect the potential of in vitro pollen germination. This research was explorative. It involves methods were in vitro pollen germination and preparation of anatomy of pollen and ovule of the 1st DAP (Day After Pollination), 2nd DAP, 3rd DAP, 4th DAP, 7th DAP, 20th DAP, 30th DAP, 50th DAP, and 60th DAP. The observations included in vitro culture of pollen cultured in Brewbaker and Kwack (mBK) media using a phase-contrast microscope and observation of anatomical development of post-pollination pollen tube and ovule using a fluorescence microscope. The observed data consisted of in vivo female gametophytes and pollen development in vitro and in vivo methods. The data were analyzed descriptively. From observation of post-pollination pollen, it was known that the pollen tube started to germinate on the 2nd -3rd DAP. At the 7th DAP, all pollens had germinated and formed the pollen tube, and then the pollen tubes continued to grow closer to the ovule. Primordial ovule began to form on the 7th DAP, then continued to develop a seed on 60th DAP, and then an embryo pouch formed. The in vitro pollen germination did not show any change in pollen after 30th DAC (Day After Cultivating).
Effect of carrot leaf juice (Daucus carota) on the lung histology structure of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by cigarette smoke
Authors: UTAMI AYU SULISTIYANING , HARINI MARTI , HANDAJANI NOR SOESANTI , HIDAYAT LUTFI NUR
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Utami AS, Harini M, Handajani NS, Hidayat LN. 2020. Effect of carrot leaf juice (Daucus carota) on the lung histology structure of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by cigarette smoke. Cell Biol Dev 4: 40-45. Cigarette smoke is hazardous to both active and passive smokers. The impact results in oxidative stress, which results in cell damage across the lung's histological structure, including tissue dilation in the alveoli, epithelial abrasion, and other abnormalities. Carrot leaves contain beta carotene, an antioxidant that can help repair damaged cells caused by cigarette smoke's oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to assess the histological structure of the lungs following induction with cigarette smoke and the influence of carrot leaf juice (Daucus carota L.) on the lung structure following induction with cigarette smoke. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications was adopted in this investigation. The rats were divided into four groups: those induced by cigarette smoke and given 4 mL distilled water, those induced by cigarette smoke and given 4 mL carrot leaf juice (2 mL carrot leaf juice added to 2 mL distilled water), those induced by cigarette smoke and given 4 mL carrot leaf juice (3 mL carrot leaf juice added to 1 mL distilled water), and those induced by cigarette smoke and given 4 mL oat straw juice. For 14 days, white rats were provoked with three cigarettes every day. On the 31st day, rats were killed via cervical dislocation, their lungs were removed, and histological preparations using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining were performed. Quantitative data were analyzed using non-parametric techniques Anova test, and qualitative data collection by describing the effect of cigarette smoke before and after carrot leaf juice administration.
Effect of antibiotics in eliminating bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) from in vitro propagated ginger
Authors: MARKOS TIGIST , FEYISSA TILEYE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Markos T, Feyissa T. 2020. Effect of antibiotics in eliminating bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) from in vitro propagated ginger. Cell Biol Dev 4: 46-52. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a herbaceous perennial. It is cultivated commercially in most tropical regions of the world and is a member of the Zingiberaceae family. In conventional ginger cultivation, underground rhizomes are used as planting material. However, it is afflicted by diseases that result in the senescence and degeneration of tissues. Due to Ralstonia solanacearum infection, substantial rhizome losses have been recorded. Therefore, disease-free planting material is required to cultivate ginger successfully. Plant tissue culture technology has been successfully used to commercialize pathogen-free plants and conserves the germplasm of rare and endangered species. In in-vitro, culture techniques offer an alternative method of plant multiplication and a method for crop enhancement. Frequently, ginger multiplication media are contaminated with R. solanacearum, which can survive endophytically in plantlets, rendering them useless for in vitro propagation. Therefore, an experiment was undertaken to determine the efficiency of antibiotics against the in vitro development of R. solanacearum. Four antibiotics, gentamicin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin, at four concentrations, 130 mg/L, 160 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 250 mg/L, were evaluated for their ability to eradicate bacteria from in-vitro propagated ginger. Gentamicin was proven superior to other therapies, with the maximum inhibition (22 mm) at 250 mg/L, followed by tetracycline at 200 mg/L (18 mm), streptomycin at 130 mg/L (13 mm), and ampicillin at 130 mg/L (12 mm). The R. solanacearum can be eradicated from in vitro propagated ginger by applying antibiotics in the micropropagation media.
Evaluation of biofertilizers and biochar on the growth characteristics and yield of hot pepper
Authors: APPAH GEORGE BUERNORTEY , NKANSAH GEORGE O. , AMOATEY CHRISTIANA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Appah GB, Nkansah GO, Amoatey C. 2021. Effect of the media type and auxin concentration on the growth of cuttings seedlings of pepper. Cell Biol Dev 5: 32-42. The research was conducted to investigate the effects of High Yield Technology (HYT) biofertilizers, biochar, and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of pepper. The experiment consisted of three factors (HYT, Biochar and inorganic fertilizer) at three levels each (HYT: 100%, 50% and 0%); Biochar: 7t/ha, 3.5t/ha and 0t/ha; inorganic fertilizer: 100%, 50% and 0% of recommended rate). There were twenty-seven treatments with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were collected on plant height, diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant, yield (t/ha), and soil chemical and microbial properties. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that applying HYT biofertilizers and biochar significantly affected plant height, stem girth, number of leaves and fruit yield, and plant nutrients. The results revealed that 3.5t/ha to 7t/ha biochar + 50-100% HYT biofertilizer combination increased the yield of hot pepper. Microbial count before and after planting also significantly increased with biofertilizers.
Localized transverse flow measurement with dynamic light scattering line-scan OCT
Authors: Han Le , Tan Bingyao , Schmetterer Leopold , Bizheva Kostadinka
Published: January 2023

A novel decorrelation-based approach for measuring localized transverse flow velocity using line-scan (LS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) is proposed. The new approach allows for separation of the flow velocity component along the line-illumination direction of the imaging beam from other orthogonal velocity components, from particle diffusion motion, and from noise-induced distortion in the OCT signal’s temporal autocorrelation. The new method was verified by imaging flow in a glass capillary and a microfluidic device and mapping the spatial distribution of the flow velocity within the beam’s illumination plane. This method can be extended in the future to map the three-dimensional flow velocity fields for both ex-vivo and in-vivo applications.
Modeling surface color discrimination under different lighting environments using image chromatic statistics and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ponting Samuel , Morimoto Takuma , Smithson Hannah E.
Published: January 2023

We modeled discrimination thresholds for object colors under different lighting environments [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35, B244 (2018)JOSAAH0030-394110.1364/JOSAA.35.00B244]. First, we built models based on chromatic statistics, testing 60 models in total. Second, we trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs), using 160,280 images labeled by either the ground-truth or human responses. No single chromatic statistics model was sufficient to describe human discrimination thresholds across conditions, while human-response-trained CNNs nearly perfectly predicted human thresholds. Guided by region-of-interest analysis of the network, we modified the chromatic statistics models to use only the lower regions of the objects, which substantially improved performance.
Rotated chirped volume Bragg gratings for compact spectral analysis
Authors: Mhibik Oussama , Yessenov Murat , Mach Lam , Glebov Leonid , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Divliansky Ivan
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new, to the best of our knowledge, optical component—a rotated chirped volume Bragg grating (r-CBG)—that spatially resolves the spectrum of a normally incident light beam in a compact footprint and without the need for subsequent free-space propagation or collimation. Unlike conventional chirped volume Bragg gratings in which both the length and width of the device must be increased to increase the bandwidth, by rotating the Bragg structure we sever the link between the length and width of a r-CBG, leading to a significantly reduced device footprint for the same bandwidth. We fabricate and characterize such a device in multiple spectral windows, we study its spectral resolution, and confirm that a pair of cascaded r-CBGs can resolve and then recombine the spectrum. Such a device can lead to ultracompact spectrometers and pulse modulators.
Conformational dynamics and putative substrate extrusion pathways of the N-glycosylated outer membrane factor CmeC from Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Newman Kahlan E. , Khalid Syma
Published: January 2023

The outer membrane factor CmeC of the efflux machinery CmeABC plays an important role in conferring antibiotic and bile resistance to Campylobacter jejuni. Curiously, the protein is N-glycosylated, with the glycans playing a key role in the effective function of this system. In this work we have employed atomistic equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of CmeC in a representative model of the C. jejuni outer membrane to characterise the dynamics of the protein and its associated glycans. We show that the glycans are more conformationally labile than had previously been thought. The extracellular loops of CmeC visit the open and closed states freely suggesting the absence of a gating mechanism on this side, while the narrow periplasmic entrance remains tightly closed, regulated via coordination to solvated cations. We identify several cation binding sites on the interior surface of the protein. Additionally, we used steered molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate translocation pathways for a bile acid and a macrolide antibiotic. These, and additional equilibrium simulations suggest that the anionic bile acid utilises multivalent cations to climb the ladder of acidic residues that line the interior surface of the protein.
Case-control study on determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital
Authors: Feleke Getnet , Tantu Temesgen , Zewdu Dereje , Gedefawu Abel , Wondosen Mekete , Gunta Muluken
Published: January 2023

Background

Uterine rupture is defined as tearing of the uterine wall during pregnancy or delivery. It can occur during pregnancy or labor and delivery. Rupture of the uterus is a catastrophic event resulting in the death of the baby, and severe maternal morbidity and mortality Despite different interventions done by stakeholders, it remained one of the leading public problems in developing countries like Ethiopia.

Objective

This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital from July 2015 to June 2020G.C.

Method

A case-control study was conducted by reviewing data from a total of 582 patient charts which include 194 cases and 388 controls with a case-to-control ratio of 1:2. Then the data was extracted using a pre-tested and structured data extraction sheet. Data were entered using Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS and analyzed using SPSS 20. The association between independent variables and uterine rupture was estimated using an odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The statistical significance of the association was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Result

There were a total of 22,586 deliveries and 247 confirmed cases of uterine rupture which makes the prevalence 1.09%. Lack of ANC (Ante-natal care) (AOR = 7.5; 95% CI: 1.9–30.3) inadequate ANC (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.1–5.57), gravidity ≥5 (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.36–8.12), obstructed labor (AOR = 38.3; 95% CI: 17.8–82.4) and fetal macrosomia (AOR = 8; 95% CI: 17.8–82.4) are variables which increase the odds of developing uterine rupture. Mothers without additional medical or obstetric conditions are more likely (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.1–8.65) to develop uterine rupture than mothers with additional medical or obstetric conditions.

Conclusion

The prevalence of uterine rupture is high in the study area. The study also revealed that a decrease in ANC follow-up, gravidity of ≥5, obstructed labor, and fetal weight of >4kg are significantly associated with uterine rupture. Improving the quality of ANC follow-up, intrapartum follow-up and proper estimation of fetal weight are recommended interventions from the study.
Predictors of young maternal age at first birth among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Mohammed Aliu , Effiong Fortune Benjamin , Hagan John Elvis , Ayodeji Makinde Olusesan
Published: January 2023

Background

Adverse obstetric outcomes have been commonly associated with early childbearing in many low-and middle-income countries. Despite this evidence, scholarly information on early childbearing in the sub-Saharan African region, especially Nigeria, is limited. This study examines the predictors of young maternal age at first birth among women of reproductive age in Nigeria using multi-level analysis.

Methods

Data from the most recent Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 were analyzed. A total of 29,949 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were considered for the study. Descriptive statistics using weighted percentage and chi-square test of independence (χ2) were first used to describe the variables of interest. This procedure was followed by a multilevel analysis of factors associated with young maternal age at first birth in Nigeria at p<0.05 level of significance.

Results

Approximately 36.80% of the sample population had their first birth before the age of 18. Mothers residing in the North-East region [aOR = 1.26; 95% (CI = 1.13–1.42)] and practicing Islam [aOR = 1.17; 95% (CI = 1.05–1.29] were more likely to have their first birth before the age of 18 than those in the North-Central region and those practicing Christianity. Living in communities with medium literacy level [aOR = 0.90; 95% (CI = 0.82–0.99)] and high literacy level [aOR = 0.71; 95% (CI = 0.62–0.81)], being within richest wealth index [aOR = 0.61; 95% (CI = 0.53–0.71)] and being Yoruba [aOR = 0.46; 95% (CI = 0.39–0.56)] were associated with lower odds of young maternal age at first birth.

Conclusion

More than one-third of women of reproductive age in Nigeria had given birth to their first child before 18 years. Thus, there is a need for the Nigerian government and other stakeholders, including Non-Governmental Organisations and Civil Society Organisations to formulate and implement policy interventions targeted at reducing early childbearing among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.
Downscaling and validating SMAP soil moisture using a machine learning algorithm over the Awash River basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Sishah Shimelis , Abrahem Temesgen , Azene Getasew , Dessalew Amare , Hundera Hurgesa
Published: January 2023

Microwave remote sensing instrument like Soil Moisture Active Passive ranging from 1 cm to 1 m has provided spatial soil moisture information over the entire globe. However, Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite soil moisture products have a coarse spatial resolution (36km x 36km), limiting its application at the basin scale. This research, subsequently plans to; (1) Evaluate the capability of SAR for the retrieval of surface roughness variables in the Awash River basin; (2) Measure the performance of Random Forest (RF) regression model to downscale SMAP satellite soil moisture over the Awash River basin; (3) validate downscaled soil moisture data with In-situ measurements in the river basin. Random Forest (RF) based downscaling approach was applied to downscale satellite-based soil moisture product (36km x 36km) to fine resolution (1km x 1km). Fine spatial resolution (1km) soil moisture data for the Awash River basin was generated. The downscaled soil moisture product also has a strong spatial correlation with the original one, allowing it to deliver more soil moisture information than the original one. In-situ soil moisture and downscaled soil moisture had a 0.69 Pearson correlation value, compared to a 0.53 correlation between the original and In-situ soil moisture. In-situ soil moisture measurements were obtained from the Middle and Upper Awash sub-basins for validation purposes. In the case of Upper Awash, downscaled soil moisture shows a variation of 0.07 cm3 /cm3, -0.036 cm3 /cm3, and 0.112 cm3 /cm3 with Root Mean Square Error, Bias error, and Unbiased Root Mean Square Error respectively. Following that, the accuracy of downscaled soil moisture against the Middle Awash Sub-basin reveals a variance of 0.1320 cm3 /cm3, -0.033 cm3 /cm3, and 0.148 cm3 /cm3 with Root Mean Square Error, Bias error, and Unbiased Root Mean Square Error respectively. Future studies should take into account the temporal domain of Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite soil moisture product downscaling over the study region.
Planning and performance in teams: A Bayesian meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Konradt Udo , Nath Alexander , Oldeweme Martina
Published: January 2023

We meta-analyzed the relationship between team planning and performance moderated by task, team, context, and methodological factors. For testing our hypothesized model, we used a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Based on K = 33 independent samples (N = 1,885 teams), a mixed-effects model indicated a non‐zero moderate positive effect size (ρ = .31, 95% CI [.20, .42]). Methodological quality, generally rated as adequate, was unrelated to effect size. Sensitivity analyses suggest that effect sizes were robust to exclusion of any individual study and publication bias. The statistical power of the studies was generally low and significantly moderated the relationship, with a large positive relationship for studies with high-powered (k = 42, ρ = .40, 95% CI [.27, .54]) and a smaller, significant relationship for low-powered studies (k = 54, ρ = .16, 95% CI [.01, .30]). The effect size was robust and generally not qualified by a large number of moderators, but was more pronounced for less interdependent tasks, less specialized team members, and assessment of quality rather than quantity of planning. Latent class analysis revealed no qualitatively different subgroups within populations. We recommend large‐scale collaboration to overcome several methodological weaknesses of the current literature, which is severely underpowered, potentially biased by self-reporting data, and lacks long-term follow-ups.
“Tell us what’s going on”: Exploring the information needs of pregnant and post-partum women in Australia during the pandemic with ‘Tweets’, ‘Threads’, and women’s views
Authors: Caddy Cassandra , Cheong Marc , Lim Megan S. C. , Power Robert , Vogel Joshua P. , Bradfield Zoe , Coghlan Benjamin , Homer Caroline S. E. , Wilson Alyce N.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The provision of maternity services in Australia has been significantly disrupted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many changes were initiated quickly, often with rapid dissemination of information to women. The aim of this study was to better understand what information and messages were circulating regarding COVID-19 and pregnancy in Australia and potential information gaps.

Methods

This study adopted a qualitative approach using social media and interviews. A data analytics tool (TIGER-C19) was used to extract data from social media platforms Reddit and Twitter from June to July 2021 (in the middle of the third COVID-19 wave in Australia). A total of 21 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with those who were, or had been, pregnant in Australia since March 2020. Social media data were analysis via inductive content analysis and interview data were thematically analysed.

Results

Social media provided a critical platform for sharing and seeking information, as well as highlighting attitudes of the community towards COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy. Women interviewed described wanting further information on the risks COVID-19 posed to themselves and their babies, and greater familiarity with the health service during pregnancy, in which they would labour and give birth. Health providers were a trusted source of information. Communication strategies that allowed participants to engage in real-time interactive discussions were preferred. A real or perceived lack of information led participants to turn to informal sources, increasing the potential for exposure to misinformation.

Conclusion

It is vital that health services communicate effectively with pregnant women, early and often throughout public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This was particularly important during periods of increased restrictions on accessing hospital services. Information and communication strategies need to be clear, consistent, timely and accessible to reduce reliance on informal and potentially inaccurate sources.