bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation Therapy Prevents Dysgeusia Chemotherapy-Induced in Breast Cancer Women Treated with Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Nóbrega Malta Cássia Emanuella , Carlos Anna Clara Aragão Matos , de Alencar Manuele Carine Maciel , Silva Eveline Fernandes Alves e , Nogueira Victor Bruno Caitano , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Chaves Fábio Figueiredo , de Moura José Fernando Bastos , Silva Paulo Goberlânio Barros
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBMT) in preventing dysgeusia in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC).
Methods

This is a phase II, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 112 breast cancer patients treated with AC. The patients were divided equally into two groups: a test group treated with 2 J red laser and 3 J infrared laser on 21 points that were symmetrically distributed on the tongue on day 0 of four cycles of AC, and an equal placebo group treated with simulated PBMT to blind the patient, evaluator, and statistician. The clinicopathological and sociodemographic data, results of the hematological tests, taste test, and subjective taste analysis, and the QoL, ECOG performance status, body mass index, and other side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using ANOVA-RM/Bonferroni, Friedman/Dunn, and chi-square/Fisher's exact tests.
Results

PBMT patients showed less objective and subjective taste loss (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the placebo group showed a higher ECOG status (p = 0.037) and more significant weight loss (p < 0.001) after four cycles of AC. The QoL was significantly higherin the PBMT group (p < 0.05) at all assessment periods, and PBMT treatment also reduced the incidence of cachexia (p = 0.020), anorexia (p < 0.001), diarrhea (p = 0.040), oral mucositis (p = 0.020), and vomiting (p = 0.008).
Conclusion

PBMT reduced the taste loss and improved the overall health status and QoL of patients with breast cancer treated with AC.
Trial registration
: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br) approval numberRBR-9qnm34y, registered on 01/05/2021
Responses of Absorptive Root and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia Lanceolata) to Varied Environmental Conditions
Authors: Liao Yingchun , Fan Houbao , Li Liang , Wei Xiaohua , Wang Huimin , Duan Honglang , Liu Wenfei , Liu Jiali
Published: August 2021

Root branching and mycorrhizal symbioses are two major mechanisms for soil resources acquisition by trees. Understanding the relationship between these two mechanisms and their responses to varied environmental conditions are crucial for predicting the responses of foraging strategies of roots to environmental changes. This study was conducted in 11 Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations distributed in different environmental conditions in Subtropical China to assess the relationship between root tip traits related to nutrient foraging (branching ratio of 1st order roots to 2nd order roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization) and their environmental variables including annual mean precipitation (MAP), annual mean temperature (MAT), soil C, soil N, soil P and soil pH. Results Root branching was more sensitive to environmental conditions than mycorrhizal symbioses. The branching ratio and AM colonization of Chinese fir were significantly related to several environmental variables. The branching ratios were positively correlated with MAT but negatively correlated with soil C, soil N and soil pH (P < 0.05), suggesting that harsh environmental conditions can promote absorptive root branching. To our surprise, the AM colonization of absorptive roots was not so sensitive to environmental factors as branching ratio. However, the AM colonization of absorptive roots was positively correlated with soil pH (P < 0.1), indicating that soil acidity significantly controls mycorrhizal symbioses. Moreover, the branching ratio was significantly negatively correlated with AM colonization (P < 0.05). Our results confirmed that environmental conditions significantly regulate fine root branching and its mycorrhizal symbioses, but with different controlling variables. The negatively correlated relationship of branching ratio and AM colonization shows that environmental factors regulate absorptive root traits in different ways.
Effects of Dihydroartemisinin, a Metabolite of Artemisinin, on Colon Cancer Chemoprevention and Adaptive Immune Regulation
Authors: Wang Chong-Zhi , Wan Chunping , Luo Yun , Zhang Chun-Feng , Zhang Qi-Hui , Chen Lina , Liu Zhi , Wang Daniel Henry , Lager Mallory , Li Cang-Hai , Jiang Ting-Liang , Hou Lifei , Yuan Chun-Su
Published: August 2021

Artemisinin (ART) is an anti-malaria natural compound with a moderate anticancer action. As a metabolite of ART, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) may have stronger anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) bioactivities. However, the effects of DHA and ART on CRC chemoprevention have not been systematically evaluated and compared, including on adaptive immune regulation. Coupled with a newly-established HPLC analytical method, enteric microbiome biotransformation was conducted to identify if the DHA is a gut microbial metabolite of ART. The anti-CRC potential of these compounds was compared using two different human CRC cell lines for cell cycle arrest, apoptotic induction, and anti-inflammation activities. Naive CD4+ T cells were also obtained for testing the compounds on the differentiation of Treg, Th1 and Th17. Using compound extraction and analytical methods, we observed for the first time that ART completely converted into its metabolites within 24 h, but no DHA was detected. Although ART did not obviously influence cancer cell growth in the concentration tested, DHA very significantly inhibited the cancer cell growth at relatively low concentrations. DHA included G2/M cell cycle arrest via upregulation of cyclin A and apoptosis. Both ART and DHA downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The DHA significantly promoted Treg cell proliferation, while both ART and DHA inhibited Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. As a metabolite of ART, DHA possessed stronger anti-CRC activities. The DHA significantly inhibited cell growth via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and anti-inflammation actions. The adaptive immune regulation is a related mechanism of actions for the observed effects.
A Reconfigurable Perovskite/Polymer Composite Film for Real-Time Detection of Agricultural Spraying
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Wu Xubing , Du Jiaying , Wang Song , Fang Hui , Zhang Qi , Wang Wen-Jun , Zhu Shiping , Hofkens Johan , Liu Pingwei
Published: August 2021

Responsive composites that can display sophisticated responses under environmental stimuli are of paramount importance for developing smart materials and systems. However, the hierarchical design of their multiscale constituents to achieve such response remains a challenge. Here, we report a responsive polymer composite obtained by integrating hierarchical interactions between the polymer network meshes, perovskite nanoinclusion, and a microstructured layout. More specific, a layered composite film has been made with perovskite nanoparticles embedded in a hydratable polymer network as the top layer. The perovskites inclusions can undergo a reversible transformation between a nanocrystalline state and a dissociated ion state, triggered by spraying aqueous solutions on the polymer top layer, resulting in an on/off switch of fluorescence at 510 nm. Meanwhile, the surface layer experiences a reconfigurable micro-wrinkling that can gradually change the film transmittance between 90% and 10%. The two orthogonal responses show a good reversibility for at least 15 cycles. They can be manipulated independently as they respond differently to the amount of water applied. We demonstrate the use of such film by real-time, quantitative, and repeatable detection of spraying and subsequent droplet distribution. Such a sensing capability is urgently needed in precision agriculture for fast assessing the deposition quality of pesticides and fertilizers, yet still not available. Our findings enable the design of perovskite-based responsive composites with multiple functions as well as novel device applications in sensors, actuators, and optoelectronics.
Caregiving Burden among Informal Caregivers of Cancer Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi Adedoyin , Umoru Adizat K , Alabi Adewumi O , Adegboyega Bolanle C , Otokpa Ejiro
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The coping mechanisms adopted by cancer caregivers especially in developing countries of the world is given little attention. The aim of this study was to assess the caregiving burden and coping mechanisms among caregivers of cancer patients attending a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) tool, Katz index instrument of activity, Lawton Brody tool and Brief-Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale were used to collect data from 385 informal caregiver-patient dyads. The data was analyzed using the Epi Info version 7.Results: Of the 385 caregivers in the study, 162 (42.1%) were males and 223 (57.9%) were females. Almost half (47.3%) of the caregivers had severe burden and the mean ZBI score was 39.1 ± 12.5. Adult children caregivers (56.3%) of cancer patients reported the highest proportion of severe burden among the patients’ relatives. All the respondents who had been caregivers for over a period of 12 months and those who spend at least 12 hours on caregiving role daily experienced severe burden. Almost half (46.3%) of caregivers who received no support from other people in caring for the patient reported severe burden.Conclusion: Older caregivers experienced higher caregiving burden than their younger counterparts. Duration of caregiving was associated with level of caregiving burden experienced. Social support groups and health professional need to assist caregivers reduce the burden of caregiving to chronically ill patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
Regulation of MicroRNA 103 and 107 in Obese T2DM Patients Maintained on Metformin
Authors: El-Ashmawy Nahla E. , Gawaly Amr M. , Batanony Hala A. EL , Khedr Naglaa F.
Published: August 2021

Metformin increases insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) by different mechanisms. The current study was conducted to estimate the levels of miRNA-103 and 107 in obese non diabetic subjects as well as obese T2DM patients maintained on metformin, and to correlate between the levels of miR 103 and 107 and the development of insulin resistance. Ninety subjects were equally recruited into three groups; obese non diabetic control (OC), obese newly diagnosed diabetic (ONDD) and obese type 2 diabetic treated with metformin (MetD). Serum levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), miR103&107 expression and DICER-1 were analyzed. Serum levels of HbA1c, FBG, HOMA-IR, T.ch, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C were increased in ONDD (p˂0.0001) compared to OC and MetD. Significant increase of HDL-C (p = 0.022) was observed in MetD compared to OC and ONDD. Serum insulin was increased (p = 0.004) and miR 103 & 107 gene expression (p < 0.0001) in ONDD and significant down-regulation in MetD compared to OC group. DlCER-1 levels were decreased (p < 0.0001) in ONDD group and increased in MetD group compared to OC group. Both miR 103 and 107 were positively correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR, but negatively correlated with DICER-1. Depending on the estimated cutoff-values of area under receiver curve (AUC), miR 103 and 107 were excellent diagnostic biomarkers for insulin resistance. Our findings indicated the clinical utility of miR103 and miR 107 in diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance. Moreover, metformin can affect miR 103 and miR 107 through modulation of DICER-1 level.
Early Growth Stage Root-Associated Endophytes Isolated From Ulex Europaeus L. (Fabaceae) Colonizing Rural Areas in South-Central Chile
Authors: Herrera Hector , Fuentes Alejandra , Ortiz Javier , Soto Javiera , Valadares Rafael Vorges Da-Silva , Salas Christian , Arriagada Cesar
Published: August 2021

Background and aimsUlex europaeus L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as gorse, is an invasive woody shrub that easily grows in several locations across the world. However, little is known about the interactions of this invasive species with soil microorganisms and how these microbes can promote reaching rapid grow-rates at early stages of development. We aim at characterizing the endophytic fungal and bacterial microbiota associated with roots of early growth stage U. europaeus colonizing native ecosystems in south-central Chile.MethodsRoot-associated microorganisms were isolated and identified using standard molecular techniques. Furthermore, plant growth-promoting traits were studied and biocontrol activity was assessed to characterize the early growth stage root-associated taxa. ResultsFour endophytic fungi belonging to Sordariomycetes and twelve bacteria assigned to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were identified as the principal early growth stage root-endophytic taxa. Plant growth-promoting traits were detected in several isolates such as Fusarium acuminatum and Rhodococcus sp. Besides, some of the isolates such as Rhodococcus sp. and Purpureocillium lilacinum showed biocontrol potential against phytopathogenic fungi. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that early growth stage root endophytic taxa associated with U. europaeus have beneficial plant growth-promoting traits that can contribute with the rapid growth-rates of the shrub. The interaction with a set of beneficial microorganisms is an additional mechanism to explain the ability of U. europaeus for colonizing in various ecosystems.
Anticancer Effects of Mifepristone on Human Uveal Melanoma Cells
Authors: Laskaris Alexander , Bustamante Prisca , Goyeneche Alicia A. , Telleria Carlos M. , Burnier Julia V
Published: August 2021

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM), the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults, is a highly metastatic and drug resistant cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of the antiprogestin and antiglucocorticoid mifepristone (MF) in vitro and in clinical trials involving meningioma, colon, breast, and ovarian cancers. Drug repurposing is a cost-effective approach to bring approved drugs with good safety profiles to the clinic. This current study assessed the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of MF in human UM cell lines of different genetic backgrounds.Methods: The effects of incremental concentrations of MF (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 or 40 mM) on a panel of human UM primary (MP46, 92.1, MP41, MEL270) and metastatic (OMM2.5) cells were evaluated. Cells were incubated with MF for up to 72 hours before subsequent assays were conducted. Cellular functionality and viability were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, trypan blue exclusion assay, and quantitative label-free IncuCyte live-cell analysis. Cell death was analyzed by binding of Annexin V-FITC and/or propidium iodide (PI), caspases 3/7 activities, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the release of cell-free DNA was assessed by ddPCR, while the expression of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors was determined by qPCR. Results: MF treatment reduced cellular proliferation and viability of all UM cell lines studied in a concentration-dependent manner. A reduction in cell growth was observed at lower concentrations of MF, with evidence of cell death at higher concentrations. A significant increase in Annexin V-FITC and PI-double positive cells, caspase 3/7 activities, DNA fragmentation, and cell-free DNA release suggests potent cytotoxicity of MF. None of the tested human UM cells expressed the classical progesterone receptor in the absence or presence of MF treatment, suggesting a mechanism independent of the modulation of the cognate nuclear progesterone receptor. In turn, all cells expressed non-classical progesterone receptors and the glucocorticoid receptor. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MF impedes the proliferation of UM cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We report that MF treatment at lower concentrations results in cell growth arrest, while increasing the concentration leads to lethality. MF, which has a good safety profile, could be a reliable adjuvant of a repurposing therapy against UM.
Canadian French Translation of The Couples Satisfaction Index: A Pre-Validation Pilot Study Exploring Men’s Perspective
Authors: Jbilou Jalila , Charbonneau Andréanne , Sonier René-Pierre , Greenman Paul S. , Levesque Natasha , Barriault Sophie , Sonier Véronique , Grenier Jean , Chomienne Marie-Hélène
Published: August 2021

Background

It is imperative for health care professionals to have access to valid and reliable tools to evaluate the quality of romantic relationships, as it has been repeatedly shown to be related to psychological and physical health outcomes. The Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) was developed to address the shortcomings of the most widely cited measures of satisfaction by increasing precision and power of measurement. However, the use of this questionnaire is limited due to a lack of translated versions. The purpose of the current study was therefore to translate the CSI to Canadian French (CanFrench-CSI) and to evaluate its reliability in a sample of male Canadians.
Methods

The CSI questionnaire was adapted and translated into Canadian French using a forward-backward approach. Its reliability was then evaluated by means of Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients, corrected item-total correlation coefficients, and a test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient at a two-week interval.
Results

Data from 53 men in committed relationships were analyzed. The French adaptation of the CSI demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Conclusions

Overall, the results provided evidence supporting the translation consistency and reliability of the CanFrench-CSI, and thus, paved the way for further research on romantic relationships and health outcomes among French-speaking individuals.
Large Electromagnetic Field Enhancement In Plasmonic Nanoellipse For Tunable Spaser Based Applications
Authors: Jamil Saqib , Iqbal Javed , Khan Adnan Daud , Farooq Waqas , Ullah Najeeb
Published: August 2021

We theoretically demonstrated a class of plasmonic coupled elliptical nanostructure for achieving a spaser or a nanolaser with high intensity. The plasmonic ellipse is made up from gold film substrate. The proposed structure is then trialed for various light polarizations, moreover a simple elliptical nanostructure has been chosen primarily from which different cases have been formed by geometry alteration. The structure supports strong coupled resonance mode (i.e.localized surface plasmon (LSP)). The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the investigated system is numerically examined using finite-element method (FEM). The calculations showed that the LSPR peaks and the local field intensity or near field enhancement (NFE) of the active nanosystem can be amplified to higher values by introducing symmetry breaking techniques in the proposed ellipse and its variants. The coupled nanostructure having different stages of wavelengths can be excited with different plasmonic resonance modes by the selection of suitable gain media. In addition, a small sized nanolaser with high tunability range can be developed using this nanostructure. The spaser phenomena is achieved at number of wavelengths by changing light polarization and structure alteration methods. Giant localized field enhancement and high LSPR values enable the proposed model to be highly appealing for sensing applications, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and much more.
Implementation and Evaluation of the Integrated Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment (Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Auricular Acupuncture) for Major Depressive Disorder: A Trial Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Yamin , Ning Baile , Yan Luda , Wu Lihua , Zhang Delong , Li Changhong , Ouyang Wenwei , Su Shengyong , Jiang Shuo , Zhang Guangcai , Xu Junfeng , Wang Zhen , Zheng Zhong , Zheng Dong , Chen Shan , Sun Lu , Fu Wenbin
Published: August 2021

Background: Because of inadequate psychotherapy resources, antidepressants are the front-line option for Major depressive disorder, but with dissatisfied curative effect. Many patients have an interest in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment as complementary therapies. However, there is no sufficient evidence on effectiveness of the integrated treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the integrated acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in treating major depressive disorder and to find out the most suitable implementation protocol.Methods: This study is a multicenter, single-blind, 2 × 2 factorial randomized trial. A total of 592 adult participants with moderate depression will be enrolled and randomized into four groups with a ratio of 2: 2: 2: 1, that is, combined group, integrated acupuncture and moxibustion treatment only group, sertraline only group, or placebo group. Participants will undergo a 12-week intervention with either 50 mg of sertraline or placebo once a day, as well as the active/sham integrated acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for three times per week. The primary outcome is assessed using the 17-item version of Hamilton Depression Scale. The secondary outcomes are anxiety and sleep-related scales that assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Safety will be evaluated using liver and kidney function tests examined before and after treatment, as well as daily adverse events. The primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12 and 8-week posttreatment, and an intent-to-treat principle will be followed for outcomes analyses.Discussion: Sertraline is one of antidepressants as the front-line treatment for major depressive disorder, but with a delayed onset, high rate of inadequate response and low rate of adherence. As a traditional Chinese therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion are popular and widely accepted. This trial will provide more sufficient evidence for the efficacy and safety of the integrated treatment for major depressive disorder and the most suitable combination strategy. Thus, these finds will extend our knowledge in treating for major depressive disorder.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042841; Registered on 30 January 2021.
Design of Highly Perceptible Dual-resonance All-dielectric Metasurface Colorimetric Sensor via Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Son Hyunwoo , Kim Sun-Je , Hong Jongwoo , Sung Jangwoon , Lee Byoungho
Published: August 2021

Colorimetric sensing, which provides effective detection of bio-molecular signals with one’s naked eye, is an exceptionally promising sensing technique in that it enables convenient detection and simplification of entire sensing system. Though colorimetric sensors based on all-dielectric nanostructures have potential to exhibit distinct color variations enabling manageable detection due to their trivial intrinsic loss, there is crucial limitation that the sensitivity to environmental changes lags behind their plasmonic counterparts because of relatively small region of near field-analyte interaction of the dielectric Mie-type resonator. To overcome this challenge, we proposed all-dielectric metasurface colorimetric sensor which exhibits dual-resonance in the visible region. Thereafter, we confirmed with simulation that, in the elaborately designed dual-Lorentzian-type spectra, highly perceptible variations of structural color were manifested even in minute change of peripheral refractive index. In addition to verifying physical effectiveness of the superior colorimetric sensing performance appearing in the dual-resonance type sensor, by combining advanced optimization technique utilizing deep neural networks, we attempted to maximize sensing performance while obtaining dramatic improvement of design efficiency. Through well-trained deep neural network that accurately simulates the input target spectrum, we numerically verified that designed colorimetric sensor shows a remarkable sensing resolution distinguishable up to change of refractive index of 0.0086.
Clinicopathological Demographics of Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina in Japan
Authors: Ogata Dai , Nishio Shin , Hatta Naohito , Kaji Tatsuya , Fujii Kazuyasu , Mikami Mikio , Kiyohara Yoshio , Enomoto Takayuki
Published: August 2021

Objective: Malignant melanomas of the vulva (VuM) and vagina (VaM) represent a unique subgroup of rare malignant melanomas with critical biological properties and treatment differing from that of other cancers. In Japan, adequate surveys on these have not been performed. The objective of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological demographics and the outcomes of VuM and VaM in Japan.Methods: This retrospective observational study included women with invasive VuM or VaM, identified from older medical records in Japan. Clinical data were collected and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to identify factors significantly related to survival.Results: A total of 217 patients were identified: 109 (50.2%) with VuM and 108 (49.8%) with VaM. The median PFS was 16.8 months in patients with VuM (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.1-87.7) and 15.6 months in patients with VaM (95% CI 8.4-12.6). The median OS was 43.9 months (95% CI 60-138) and 31.1 months (95% CI 24.8-45.3) in patients with VuM and VaM, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a >III American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) disease stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.063; 95% CI = 0.995-4.278) was associated with poorer PFS, and unknown surgical margin was the only independent factor influencing OS (HR = 2.188; 95% CI = 1.203-3.977).Conclusions: The overall outcomes of VuM and VaM remain poor in Japan. The AJCC stage and the surgical margin are significant predictors of survival.
Physics-augmented deep learning for high-speed electromagnetic simulation and optimization
Authors: Chen Mingkun , Lupoiu Robert , Mao Chenkai , Huang Der-Han , Jiang Jiaqi , Lalanne Philippe , Fan Jonathan
Published: August 2021

The calculation of electromagnetic field distributions within structured media is central to the optimization and validation of photonic devices. We introduce WaveY-Net, a hybrid data- and physics-augmented convolutional neural network that can predict electromagnetic field distributions with ultra fast speeds and high accuracy for entire classes of dielectric photonic structures. This accuracy is achieved by training the neural network to learn only the magnetic near-field distributions of a system and to use a discrete formalism of Maxwell's equations in two ways: as physical constraints in the loss function and as a means to calculate the electric fields from the magnetic fields. As a model system, we construct a surrogate simulator for periodic silicon nanostructure arrays and show that the high speed simulator can be directly and effectively used in the local and global freeform optimization of metagratings. We anticipate that physics-augmented networks will serve as a viable Maxwell simulator replacement for many classes of photonic systems, transforming the way they are designed.
Incidence and Predictors of Fragility Fracture in Postmenopausal Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Oral Bisphosphonates: A Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Kishimoto Yuji , Kato Yoshihiro , Uemura Manami , Kuranobu Koji
Published: August 2021

Background: Although many studies have reported the predictors of fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are not receiving anti-osteoporotic treatments or who are receiving unspecified treatments, studies focusing on the predictors of fracture in patients with RA who are currently being treated with oral bisphosphonates (BP) are quite scarce. This study aims to investigate the incidence and predictors of fragility fracture in postmenopausal patients with RA receiving oral BP.Methods: This retrospective longitudinal observational study comprised 98 postmenopausal RA patients receiving oral BP for a minimum of 6 months between April 2015 and December 2020. The cumulative incidence of fragility fractures including vertebral and nonvertebral fractures was investigated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to analyze baseline predictors of future fragility fractures. To determine a cutoff value of continuous predictors, the receiver-operating characteristic curve was applied.Results: Twenty patients developed fractures during the study period, with a cumulative incidence of 6.1% at 12 months, 10.5% at a median follow-up of 28 months, and 14.4% at 36 months. Multivariable Cox hazards analysis showed a history of prior vertebral fracture (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99‒19.68, P = 0.001) and dose of methotrexate (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76‒0.99, P = 0.041) to be independent predictors. The cutoff value for methotrexate dose was 4 mg/week.Conclusions: We found a cumulative incidence of any fractures of 10.5% at 28 months in patients with RA currently being treated with oral BP. A history of prior vertebral fractures and methotrexate dose were positive and negative predictors for fractures, respectively. Practitioners should consider selecting another anti-osteoporotic drug in patients with RA who remain at risk despite receiving oral BP.
Seismic Fragility And Post-Earthquake Reparability of Concrete Frame With Low-Bond High-Strength Rebar Reinforced Concrete Column
Authors: Wang Junhua , Sun Y.P.
Published: August 2021

To further study the global seismic behaviour and post-earthquake reparability of RC building frames with the proposed self-centring columns with low-bond high-strength reinforcements (LBHSRs), incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of five-floor and ten-floor frame archetypes under excitation by twenty ground motions (GMs) was performed. First, the pushover results indicated that the use of LBHSR could substantially improve the yield and ultimate lateral drift of both the archetypes, although the archetype had a smaller longitudinal reinforcement ratio (LR) of the LBHSR and similar seismic resistance. The dynamic response results indicated that the archetype with LBHSRs exhibited a smaller residual story lateral drift although the effectiveness of the use of LBHSR to reduce seismic response was not apparent for the archetype subjected to a low-intensity earthquake. The seismic fragility results showed that LBHSR was more effective for preventing seismic collapse than for attaining the immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS), and collapse prevention (CP) limit states. Furthermore, the higher the LR, the lower was the likelihood of seismic collapse. The fragility curves of the residual story lateral drifts indicate that the use of LBHSR can significantly mitigate the residual deformation in the DS1, DS2, and DS3 damage states. Moreover, the effectiveness increases with the increase in the LR and earthquake intensity. Comparisons of residual story lateral drifts between the predicted results and IDA results indicated that the present calculation models are not suitable for predicting residual deformation. The model needs to be studied further.
Community structure, distribution pattern, and influencing factors of soil Archaea in the construction area of a large-scale photovoltaic power station
Authors: Wu Wei , yuan bo , Yue Shengjuan , Zou Penghui , Yang Ruoting , Zhou Xiaode
Published: August 2021

The photovoltaic power station in Qinghai has been built for 8 years, however, its impact on the regional soil ecological environment has not been studied in depth. To reveal the structure and distribution pattern of archaeal communities in desert soil under the influence of a large photovoltaic power station, a comparative study was carried out between the soil affected by photovoltaic panels and the bare land samples outside the photovoltaic station in Gonghe, Qinghai Province. The abundance, community structure, diversity, and distribution characteristics of archaea were analyzed by quantitative PCR and Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, and the main environmental factors affecting the variation of soil archaeal community were identified by RDA. The contribution rate of environmental factors and human factors to microbial community diversity was quantitatively evaluated by VPA. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil nutrients and other physicochemical factors between the photovoltaic power station and bare land. Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaeal phylum in the area, accounting for more than 99% of archaeal phylum, while at the level of genus, Nitrososphaera was the dominant archaeal genera. There was no significant difference in archaeal community structure between and under different types of PV panels. The analysis has shown that the construction of a photovoltaic station has little effect on the community structure of soil archaea in a desert area, and it was speculated that the selection of niche played a leading role in the distribution pattern of soil archaeal community. This study provides the basis for a scientific understanding of the characteristics and distribution patterns of soil archaeal communities affected by the construction of a photovoltaic power station.
The Study on the Construction Method of Bolting-Grouting Integrated Operation for Unmanned Arch Erection
Authors: Li Dewu , Lei Xiaotian , Zhang Guowei , Cao Mingxing
Published: August 2021

It is of great significance to improve the mechanization level and construction quality of tunnel construction. At present, large cross-section tunnels are emerging in China. The construction method based on manual work and supplemented by a machinery has long construction period, high labor intensity, and structural quality that cannot be guaranteed. To address those issues, this paper proposes the construction method of bolting-grouting integrated operation for an unmanned arch erection to achieve the rapid and safe construction of large section tunnels and reducing the amount of manual work. This paper mainly introduces the bolting-grouting integrated operation trolley, which can achieve the automatic installation of steel arch, the construction of locking anchor pipe, and shotcrete. Besides, this paper designs a new type of steel arch and an alternative way of longitudinal connecting reinforcement of steel arch. Moreover, with the field test and optimization adjustment of the Xinwushaoling tunnel, it is found that the construction method of bolting-grouting integrated operation for unmanned arch erection can overcome some disadvantages of traditional construction methods.
Interleukin 18, soluble cluster of differentiation 40, platelet factor 4 variant 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in ocular Behçet’s disease
Authors: Celik Fatih , Coteli Ebru , Gul Fatih Cem , Ozsoy Ercan , Kobat Sabiha Gungor , Akkoc Ramazan Fazil , Yardim Meltem , Sahin İbrahim , Yalcin Mehmet Hanifi , AYDIN SÜLEYMAN
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The molecules human interleukin (IL-18), the soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD40), platelet factor 4 variant 1 (PF4V1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are all markers of inflammation in biological systems and are linked to prognosis in several inflammatory diseases as well. Since there is no study in which the above-mentioned molecules are studied together in ocular Behçet's disease (OBD), the aim of this study is to reveal whether these molecules are activity markers in active (OABD) and inactive (OIBD) disease.
Methods
30 OABD and 30 OIBD and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were studied in blood samples by the ELISA method.
Results
When OABD and OIBD were compared to healthy individuals, the levels of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were found to be statistically significant. These values were even more significantly higher in patients with OABD.
Conclusion
When ROC values of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL are evaluated, it is clear that these four molecules can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in OBD.
Experimental Study on Creep Properties Prediction of Reed Bales Based on SVR and MLP
Authors: Li Jixia , Zhang Lixin , Huang Guangdi , Wang Huan , Jiang Youzhong
Published: August 2021

Background: Reed has high lignin content, wide distribution and low cost. It is an ideal raw material for replacing wood in the paper industry. Reeds are rich in resources, but the density of reeds is low, leading to high transportation and storage costs. This paper aims to study the compression process of reeds and the creep behaviour of compressed reeds, and provide theoretical guidance for the reed compressor management, bundling equipment and the stability of compressed reed bales.Results: We studied the strain-time relationship and strain of the reed bales compressed under constant force and the creep behaviour of the reed bales under different holding forces. Additionally, the creep behaviour of reed bales under various retention forces was investigated. The test curves are fitted by Machine Learning Prediction Algorithms and Support Vector Machine Regression. And use machine learning prediction algorithm model to establish a quaternary model of reed creep. The results show that the creep behaviour of a reed bale was positively correlated with the initial maximum compressive stress. The established Burgers four-element model was capable of simulating the creep process of reed bales. The test curves coincided well with the model-simulated curves. Reed bales were found to exhibit viscoelasticity. During the creep process, the elastic dynamic force and the viscous resistance were mutually constrained. The strain of reeds was composed of elastic, viscoelastic and plastic εs. And elaborated the three stages of the creep process in detail.Conclusions: We studied the relationship between the strain and time of the reed and the strain and creep behaviour of the reed bag under different holding forces under constant force. It is proved that the multi-layer perceptron network is better than the support vector machine regression in predicting the characteristics of reed materials. The three stages of elasticity, viscoelasticity and plasticity in the process of reed creep are analysed in detail. This article opens up a new way for using machine learning methods to predict the mechanical properties of materials. The proposed prediction model provides new ideas for the characterization of material characteristics.
A Qualitative Quasi-experimental Evaluation of Using 3D Computer Visualization to Support User Participation in Architectural Design Process
Authors: Saleh Ahmad , Rafi Ahmad , Woods Peter
Published: August 2021

This article evaluates the use of three-dimensional (3D) computer visualization (CV) media against two-dimensional (2D) traditional visualization (TV) media, to support the participation of users at the early stage of the architectural design process, based on a qualitative quasi-experimental approach. As a strategic qualitative approach, a conversational dialogue between an architect and twelve clients was used to assess the participation behavior of the clients in designing their houses by using two different versions of media in experimental design conditions. Results have revealed that the qualitative quasi-experiment was convenient to distinguish the various kinds of media influencing the interaction and information exchange between architects and clients. 3D CV was more helpful in stimulating more information and ideas through the conversation process.
Different Electrical Properties of Paraspinal Muscle in Young Adults With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain and Healthy Individuals by Electrical Impedance Myography: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Hongjiang , Yu Qiuhua , Fan Ziyan , Zheng Jiaxuan , Lo Wai Leung Ambrose , Li Le , Wang Chuhuai
Published: August 2021

BackgroundNon-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a multifactor disorder with high prevalence rate of people all around the world. Lumbar paraspinal muscle (LPM) plays an important role of spine stabilization. However, the electrical properties of LPM in the patients were unclear. Aim to explore the electrical properties of bilateral LPM between patients with NSCLBP and healthy controls (HC), the study was designed to applied electrical impedance myography (EIM) technique to measure the LPM.MethodsA total of thirty participates (15 in NSCLBP group, 15 in HC group) were instructed to have each side of LPM measured at the rest state and the maximum volunteer contraction (MVC) state. Then measured the EIM parameters of LPM at L4/5 level by a multi-frequency device. Each measurement repeated three times. The EIM parameters at 50 kHz, 100 kHz, 200 kHz current frequencies were enrolled into the statistical analysis.ResultsAt the three current frequencies, parameters in the right side of LPM had not significantly difference from the left (P>0.05, respectively). Resistance (R) of LPM in NSCLBP group was larger than that in HC group (P<0.05, respectively), phase angle (PA) in NSCLBP group was smaller than that in HC group (P<0.05, respectively) and there was no difference of the reactance value between the two groups (P>0.05, respectively). At 50 kHz, relationships between the EIM parameters and geometric parameters of LPM were not significant in NSCLBP group or HC group (P>0.05, respectively).ConclusionThe electrical properties of bilateral LPM in young adults with NSCLBP were different from those of healthy individuals regardless of any current frequency. The ultrasound parameters of LPM, however, showed no significant difference between young patients with NSCLBP and healthy participants. EIM measurement might be more sensitive than rehabilitative ultrasound for NSCLBP in young adults.Trial registrationThe Chinese Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2100043113.
Sensitivity of Pipistrellus Nathusii Kidney Diploid Cell Strain to Viruses of Rhabdoviridae, Reoviridae, Bunyaviridae and Paramixoviridae Families
Authors: Povolyaeva Olga , Chadaeva Anna , Sindryakova Irina , Lapteva Oksana , Yurkov Sergey
Published: August 2021

The discovery of a significant number of viral pathogens in bat tissue samples and excrement point to a potential prominent role of chiropters in the maintenance and spread of human and animal diseases. It also indicates the potential sensitivity of bat cells to a broad spectrum of viruses. The migratory pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus nathusii, inhabits northeastern Europe and typically migrates to the southwest. Our study revealed the sensitivity (susceptibility) of a diploid cell line, derived from the kidney of P. nathusii to several transmissible animal disease causative agents such as Epizootic hemorrhagic disease, Akabane disease, Vesicular stomatitis virus and Peste des petit ruminants. High sensitivity of the P. nathusii kidney diploid cell line to viruses from various taxonomic groups allows them to be recommend for extensive use in virological studies.
High Expression of TRIM24 Predicts Worse Prognosis And Promotes Proliferation And Metastasis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Chen Hong , Ding Baijuan , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2021

Background: Tripartite Motif-Containing 24 (TRIM24) is a member of the tripartite motif family. TRIM24 is claimed aberrantly activated in a number of cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. However, the expression of TRIM24 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and its relationship with prognosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and underlying clinical significance of TRIM24 in ovarian cancer.Results: Data from Oncomine and immunohistochemistry of tissue samples demonstrated that TRIM24 expression was obviously elevated in ovarian carcinoma compared with normal ovary tissues. Elevated TRIM24 expression was closely correlated with serum CA-125 (P = 0.0294), metastasis (P = 0.0022), FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage (P = 0.0068) and Ki-67 level (P = 0.0395). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that TRIM24 expression increased inversely with the clinical prognosis of patients with EOC. Moreover, colony formation and CCK-8 assays showed that TRIM24 promoted ovarian cancer cell growth, and tumorigenic experiments in nude mice showed that TRIM24 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The Spearman’s correlations revealed that the expression of TRIM24 was significantly correlated with levels of Ki-67 (P = 0.01), at a correlation coefficient of 0.517. Wound-healing and transwell migration assays demonstrated TRIM24 facilitated cell migration. Mechanism studies showed that TRIM24 could promote the phosphorylation level of Akt and the process of EMT.Conclusion: Our results confirmed that TRIM24 could predict poor prognosis of EOC patients and promote tumor progression by regulating Akt pathway and EMT. TRIM24 may be used as a new prognostic marker for EOC and may provide a new strategy for targeted therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Tailoring Nanocomposite Membranes of Cellulose of Acetate/Silica Nanoparticles for Desalination
Authors: Ali Amira S. Mohammed , Soliman Moataz M. , Kandil Sherif H. , Ebrahim Shaker , Khalil Marwa
Published: August 2021

Herein, fabrication of cellulose acetate (CA) silica-based nanocomposite membranes via the dry-wet phase inversion procedure for the water desalination was investigated. The modified and unmodified silica nanoparticles (SNPs and MSNPs) were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The addition effect of the SNPs and MSNPs was investigated on the CA membranes properties and their performance for water separation. The CA nanocomposite membranes were characterized to study their structure, hydrophilicity, and morphology. The fabricated nanocomposite membranes showed hydrophilic surface properties. The performance of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was measured using a crossflow RO unit. At 10 bar, The membrane with 10 mg of SNPs showed enhanced permeate water flux compared to the pristine CA membrane by 1.6 L/m 2 .hr. Increasing the SNPs in the nanocomposite membrane showed enhancement in the permeate water flux all over the operating pressure. The effect of MSNPs on the nanocomposites’ performance was lower than their counterpart in the case of adding SNPs. The membrane with 30 mg of MSNPs showed the highest permeate water flux among other nanocomposite membranes with a value of 35.7 L/m 2 .hr at 24 bar.