bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Through the Looking Glass: Technological Characterization of Roman Glasses Mimicking Precious Stones from the Gorga Collection (Museo Nazionale Romano—Palazzo Altemps)
Authors: Di Febo Roberta , Casas Lluís , Silvestri Alberta , del Campo Ángel Adolfo , Vallcorba Oriol , Queralt Ignasi , Oró Judith , Villa Mario , Gàzquez Jaume , Rius Jordi , Giobbe Chiara , Bandini Giovanna
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a detailed technological characterization of the Roman opus sectile glasses (second century AD) coming from the renowned Gorga collection. Nine glass samples corresponding to imitations of the porfido verde antico, cipollino rosso, rosso antico, giallo antico, diaspro nero e giallo, semesanto and agate/alabaster stones were studied. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) archaeometric, i.e., to provide valuable data on the production, raw materials and techniques of these refined Roman glasses that mimic precious stones and (ii) methodological, i.e., to highlight the good performance of combining polished thin sections and local probe measurements for the study of glassy microstructures. Based on the nature of the flux used, the glasses from the samples were classified as either natron-type or mixed-type (natron/plant ash). The latter stem from remelted glasses and contain relict grains of wollastonite that were not found in the pure natron samples. Relict wollastonite crystals appear to be a proficient petrographic marker to spot recycled glasses along with the commonly used chemical fingerprints. Different production and colouring techniques were identified, even for a given type of imitated stone. Metallic Cu, Ca antimonates and Pb-Fe antimonates were the three opacifiers used for the opaque glasses. Based on the crystal morphologies, metallic Cu and Ca antimoniates were possibly synthesized in situ simultaneously with the glass, whilst the Pb-Fe antimonates were prepared ex situ. The working temperatures for these glasses were estimated within the 900–1100 °C range based on the presence and known thermal stability of some identified crystal phases.
Pueraria thomsonii Radix Water Extract Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in db/db Mice through Comprehensive Regulation of Metabolism and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Li Jiarong , Zhang Hua , Ouyang Hui , Xu Weixin , Sun Yong , Zhong Youbao , Wang Lifang , Huang Jiaxing , Chen Junchang , Li Mingyao , Zhu Weifeng , Liu Yuhui , Liu Ronghua
Published: November 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent and serious health problem. Its onset is typically associated with metabolic disorders and disturbances in the gut microbiota. Previous studies have reported the anti-T2DM effects of Pueraria thomsonii Radix as a functional food. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown. In this study, rich polyphenols and polysaccharides from Pueraria Thomsonii Radix water extract (PTR) were quantitatively determined, and then the effects of PTR on db/db mice were evaluated by pharmacology, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that PTR could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage, significantly decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), urinary glucose (UGLU), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Metabolomics showed that the Diabetes Control (DM) group produced 109 differential metabolites, of which 74 could be regulated by PTR. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed in fecal samples and results showed that PTR could reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B) ratio and regulate three beneficial bacteria and one harmful bacterium. In conclusion, the results showed that PTR could ameliorate the T2DM symptoms, metabolic disorder, and gut microbiota imbalance of db/db mice, and it was superior to metformin in some aspects. We suggested for the first time that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be involved in the regulation of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGB) and thus affects the metabolic disorders associated with T2DM. This study will provide a scientific basis for the development of functional food with PTR.
A Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on TiO2@Ti3C2Tx for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Chlortetracycline
Authors: Deng Linbo , Liu Jiawei , Huang Haiyan , Deng Changxi , Lu Limin , Wang Linyu , Wang Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2023

In view of the serious side effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) on the human body, it is particularly important to develop rapid, sensitive, and selective technologies for the detection of CTC in food. In this work, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as signal probe was proposed for the highly sensitive and selective detection of CTC. For this purpose, TiO2, which acts as an interlayer scaffold, was uniformly grown on the surface of Ti3C2Tx sheets through a simple two-step calcination process using Ti3C2Tx as the precursor to effectively avoid the stacking of Ti3C2Tx layers due to hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. This endowed TiO2@Ti3C2Tx with large specific surface, abundant functional sites, and rapid mass transfer. Then, polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with outstanding electrical conductivity were modified on the surface of TiO2@Ti3C2Tx via simple electro-polymerization, where the pyrrole was employed as a polymeric monomer and the CTC provided a source of template molecules. This will not only provide specific recognition sites for CTC, but also facilitate electron transport on the electrode surface. The synergistic effects between TiO2@Ti3C2Tx and polypyrrole MIPs afforded the TiO2@Ti3C2Tx/MIP-based electrochemical sensor excellent detection properties toward CTC, including ultra-low limits of detection (LOD) (0.027 nM), a wide linear range (0.06–1000 nM), and outstanding stability, reproducibility, selectivity, and feasibility in real samples. The results indicate that this strategy is feasible and will broaden the horizon for highly sensitive and selective detection of CTC.
The Metabolomics Response of Solanum melongena L. Leaves to Various Forms of Pb
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Zhao Bing , Zhang Xuejiao , Wu Fengchang , Zhao Qing
Published: November 2023

Due to activities like mining and smelting, lead (Pb) enters the atmosphere in various forms in coarse and fine particles. It enters plants mainly through leaves, and goes up the food chain. In this study, PbXn (nano-PbS, mic-PbO and PbCl2) was applied to eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaves, and 379 differential metabolites were identified and analyzed in eggplant leaves using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that all three Pb treatments significantly altered the metabolite profile. Compared with nano-PbS, mic-PbO and PbCl2 induced more identical metabolite changes. However, the alterations in metabolites related to the TCA cycle and pyrimidine metabolism, such as succinic acid, citric acid and cytidine, were specific to PbCl2. The number of differential metabolites induced by mic-PbO and PbCl2 was three times that of nano-PbS, even though the amount of nano-PbS absorbed by leaves was ten times that of PbO and seven times that of PbCl2. This suggests that the metabolic response of eggplant leaves to Pb is influenced by both concentration and form. This study enhances the current understanding of plants’ metabolic response to Pb, and demonstrates that the metabolomics map provides a more comprehensive view of a plant’s response to specific metals.
Cancer-Cachexia-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Myotube Degeneration Is Prevented via Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonism In Vitro
Authors: Noone John , Rooney Mary F. , Karavyraki Marilena , Yates Andrew , O’Sullivan Saoirse E. , Porter Richard K.
Published: November 2023

Cachexia syndrome, leading to reduced skeletal muscle and fat mass, is highly prevalent in cancer patients, resulting in further negative implications for these patients. To date, there is no approved therapy for cachexia syndrome. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model of cancer cachexia in mature human skeletal muscle myotubes, with the intention of exploiting the cell model to assess potential cachexia therapeutics, specifically cannabinoid related drugs. Having cultured and differentiated primary human muscle myoblasts to mature myotubes, we successfully established two cancer cachexia models using conditioned media (CM) from human colon adenocarcinoma (SW480) and from non-small-cell lung carcinoma (H1299) cultured cells. The cancer-CM-induced extensive myotube degeneration, demonstrated by a significant reduction in mature myotube diameter, which progressed over the period studied. Myotube degeneration is a characteristic feature of cancer cachexia and was used in this study as an index of cachexia. Expression of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) was confirmed in the mature human skeletal muscle myotubes. Subsequently, the effect of cannabinoid compounds on this myotube degeneration were assessed. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial CB1R/CB2R agonist, and JWH133, a selective CB2R agonist, proved efficacious in protecting mature human myotubes from the deleterious effects of both (SW480 and H1299) cancer cachexia conditions. ART27.13, a full, peripherally selective CB1R/CB2R agonist, currently being trialled in cancer cachexia (IRAS ID 278450, REC 20/NE/0198), was also significantly protective against myotube degeneration in both (SW480 and H1299) cancer cachexia conditions. Furthermore, the addition of the CB2R antagonist AM630, but not the CB1R antagonist Rimonabant, abolished the protective effect of ART27.13. In short, we have established a convenient and robust in vitro model of cancer-induced human skeletal muscle cachexia. The data obtained using the model demonstrate the therapeutic potential of ART27.13 in cancer-induced cachexia prevention and provides evidence indicating that this effect is via CB2R, and not CB1R.
Morphological and Photosynthetic Parameters of Green and Red Kale Microgreens Cultivated under Different Light Spectra
Authors: Frąszczak Barbara , Kula-Maximenko Monika , Podsędek Anna , Sosnowska Dorota , Unegbu Kingsley Chinazor , Spiżewski Tomasz
Published: November 2023

Microgreens are plants eaten at a very early stage of development, having a very high nutritional value. Among a large group of species, those from the Brassicaceae family, including kale, are very popularly grown as microgreens. Typically, microgreens are grown under controlled conditions under light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the effect of light on the quality of grown microgreens varies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of artificial white light with varying proportions of red (R) and blue (B) light on the morphological and photosynthetic parameters of kale microgreens with green and red leaves. The R:B ratios were for white light (W) 0.63, for red-enhanced white light (W + R) 0.75, and for white and blue light (W + B) 0.38 at 230 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD. The addition of both blue and red light had a positive effect on the content of active compounds in the plants, including flavonoids and carotenoids. Red light had a stronger effect on the seedling area and the dry mass and relative chlorophyll content of red-leaved kale microgreens. Blue light, in turn, had a stronger effect on green kale, including dry mass. The W + B light combination negatively affected the chlorophyll content of both cultivars although the leaves were significantly thicker compared to cultivation under W + R light. In general, the cultivar with red leaves had less sensitivity to the photosynthetic apparatus to the spectrum used. The changes in PSII were much smaller in red kale compared to green kale. Too much red light caused a deterioration in the PSII vitality index in green kale. Red and green kale require an individual spectrum with different proportions of blue and red light at different growth stages to achieve plants with a large leaf area and high nutritional value.
Minjung Theology as a Project of Profanation: Focusing on the Minjung-Event Theory of Byung-Mu Ahn
Authors: Jeong Yongtaek
Published: November 2023

The relationship between minjung theology and the process of social change called secularization or theoretical and practical projects based on such processes of social change is complex. It requires more detailed discussions. Therefore, this paper seeks to reinterpret minjung theology as a theological minjung project using the methodology of new-style phenomenology of religion with a theoretical basis on Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben’s conceptions of secularization and profanation as projects with religious intentions and orientations. Through this reinterpretation, the paper demonstrates that minjung theology in relation to secularization is a unique theological project with very different goals from those of Latin American liberation theology as well as other political and situation theologies. In order to accomplish this purpose, the paper first introduces French sociologist Émile Durkheim who has explained secularization differently from German sociologist Max Weber. It then shows that secularization is not the only way in which the sacred is reappropriated through Agamben’s discussions of secularization and profanation. To identify the passage from secularization to profanation of the concept of minjung, this paper analyzes the minjung-event theory of Byung-Mu Ahn, a representative first-generation minjung theologian. This theory emphasizes the importance of “event” as a way of understanding minjung instead of defining it conceptually. Insofar as it presents the minjung as an intrinsically unnamable, invisible, and unpredictable event, a form of religious phenomenon called “the sacred”, minjung-event theory involves an attempt to secularize Jesus-Messiah as the Minjung-Messiah. In conclusion, this paper argues that beyond the secularization of the Messiah into the Minjung, minjung-event theory moves toward a dialectical project of desacralization and re-sacralization, in which the minjung itself is profaned into an event.
A Computer Vision-Based Algorithm for Detecting Vehicle Yielding to Pedestrians
Authors: Wan Yanqi , Xu Yaqi , Xu Yi , Wang Heyi , Wang Jian , Liu Mingzheng
Published: November 2023

Computer vision has made remarkable progress in traffic surveillance, but determining whether a motor vehicle yields to pedestrians still requires considerable human effort. This study proposes an automated method for detecting whether a vehicle yields to pedestrians in intelligent transportation systems. The method employs a target-tracking algorithm that uses feature maps and license plate IDs to track the motion of relevant elements in the camera’s field of view. By analyzing the positions of motor vehicles and pedestrians over time, we predict the warning points of pedestrians and hazardous areas in front of vehicles to determine whether the vehicles yield to pedestrians. Extensive experiments are conducted on the MOT16 dataset, real traffic street scene video dataset, and a Unity3D virtual simulation scene dataset combined with SUMO, which demonstrating the superiority of this tracking algorithms. Compared to the current state-of-the-art methods, this method demonstrates significant improvements in processing speed without compromising accuracy. Specifically, this approach substantially outperforms in operational efficiency, thus catering aptly to real-time recognition requirements. This meticulous experimentation and evaluations reveal a commendable reduction in ID switches, enhancing the reliability of violation attributions to the correct vehicles. Such enhancement is crucial in practical urban settings characterized by dynamic interactions and variable conditions. This approach can be applied in various weather, time, and road conditions, achieving high predictive accuracy and interpretability in detecting vehicle–pedestrian interactions. This advanced algorithm illuminates the viable pathways for integrating technological innovation and sustainability, paving the way for more resilient and intelligent urban ecosystems.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Subsurface Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Productivity
Authors: Guo Jin , Zheng Lijian , Ma Juanjuan , Li Xufeng , Chen Ruixia
Published: November 2023

Problems such as population growth and climate change have led to a reduction in the use of water for irrigated agriculture, constraining the growth of crops. Subsurface irrigation, as a widely used and efficient water-saving irrigation technology, varies in its effect on increasing yields and saving water under different environmental, management, and other conditions. To investigate the effects of subsurface irrigation on yield, water productivity (WP), and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of three typical crops (wheat, maize, and cotton), this paper conducted a meta-analysis of 528 pairs of studies from 64 papers worldwide to quantify the response of crop yield, WP, and IWP to subsurface irrigation. Overall, the yield, WP and IWP increased by 5.96%, 21.62%, and 27.72%, respectively, with subsurface irrigation compared with surface irrigation. Compared with other conditions, the greatest rate of change was observed at around 200–500 m above sea level, 10–15 °C average annual temperature, 1.45–1.55 g/cm3 soil bulk density, alkaline soil, and when the crops were planted with equal row spacing. Meanwhile, the amount of irrigation water, as well as the subsurface pipeline arrangement and burial depth, had significant effects on crop yield, WP, and IWP. The maximum increase in crop yield, WP, and IWP was favored when the irrigation volume of the subsurface irrigation was reduced by 50–100% compared with surface irrigation or when both had the same volume of irrigation but a mild water deficit. In addition, the yield, WP, and IWP were also affected by fertilization factors. The recommended fertilizer application rates were ≤90 kg P ha–1 (phosphorus) and <150 kg N ha–1 (nitrogen). Compared with surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation showed the greatest yield increase when fertilizer was applied in a one-time application, and the WP and IWP increased significantly when the number of fertilizer applications was <3.
Enhancing Carbon Capture and Storage Deployment in the EU: A Sectoral Analysis of a Ton-Based Incentive Strategy
Authors: Vodopić Filip , Vulin Domagoj , Karasalihović Sedlar Daria , Jukić Lucija
Published: November 2023

The EU considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology as an option for achieving climate goals, but its cost remains appreciable. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the implementation of a ton-based incentive system for CCS in the EU using Croatia as an example based on an analysis of the existing legislative framework in the EU and relevant tax credit provisions in the USA. A novel methodology for the design of the incentive system is presented in the form of partial allocation of the state’s auction revenues from the EU emissions trading system (ETS) into the CCS fund for five years. The CCS fund assets then incentivize the capture site for 10 years. The incentives are determined for each emitter in cement, electricity, paper and pulp, glass, oil refining, and petrochemical sectors based on varying European Union allowance (EUA) prices, CCS fund sizes, and CO2 emission scenarios. In addition to designing the methodology, a novel method for forecasting CO2 emissions is applied using geometric Brownian motion. The calculated incentives are categorized as underperforming, optimal, or overperforming, with upper and lower limits set to 80 and 10 EUR/t. The results are optimistic, since all sectors can be efficiently incentivized within the defined boundaries, meaning that the incentive system can be applied to all member states. The contracting of the incentives is proposed through carbon contracts for difference to avoid irregularities. Also, regulatory amendments are proposed so that emitters with emissions higher than 100 kt would have to consider CCS. Finally, the contributions are presented by proving the feasibility of the incentive system together with demonstrating its applicability to all member states.
Shortening the Supply Chain through Smart Manufacturing and Green Technology
Authors: Gibson Pandwe Aletha
Published: November 2023

Correcting inefficiencies in the supply chain requires us to reimagine manufacturing by recapturing processes—particularly material sourcing and end-use recycling, which create vast amounts of waste. Inefficiencies in the supply chain create massive waste and stifle innovation in manufacturing, both well-established concerns for the environment. Carbon-based fuels and products are detrimental to the land, air, and sea. Single-use products made from toxic materials flood the food and medical supply chains. Businesses are increasingly moving toward the single purchasing platform model (for example, Uber and Airbnb). Following that model, this paper proposes a platform as a service (PaaS) manufacturing sharing service that matches small- to mid-size manufacturers with production capacity as a solution to obtaining ethically sourced products at a competitive price while offering access to last-mile delivery locally on a single purchasing platform. The development of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform can achieve these four things: (1) provide better coordination of the sourcing and supply of materials, (2) ensure effective provisions of eco-friendly and recycled inputs, (3) provide efficient distribution of equipment and manufacturing resources, and (4) shorten the supply chain by centralizing and coordinating last-mile delivery.
Advances in the Optimization of Vehicular Traffic in Smart Cities: Integration of Blockchain and Computer Vision for Sustainable Mobility
Authors: Jaramillo-Alcazar Angel , Govea Jaime , Villegas-Ch William
Published: November 2023

The growing adoption of Artificial Intelligence of Things technologies in smart cities generates significant transformations to address urban challenges and move towards sustainability. This article analyzes the economic, social, and environmental impacts of Artificial Intelligence of Things in urban environments, focusing on a case study on optimizing vehicular traffic. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of academic literature and government sources, followed by the creation of a simulated city model. This framework implemented a vehicle-traffic optimization system integrating artificial intelligence algorithms, computer vision, and blockchain technology. The results obtained in this case study are highly encouraging: artificial intelligence algorithms processed real-time data from security cameras and traffic lights, resulting in a notable 20% reduction in traffic congestion during peak hours. Furthermore, implementing blockchain technology guarantees the security and immutability of traffic data, strengthening trust in the system and promoting sustainability in urban environments. These results highlight the importance of combining advanced technologies to effectively address modern cities’ complex challenges and move towards more sustainable and livable cities.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Water Systems of the Yesil River Basin in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kakabayev Anuarbek , Yessenzholov Baurzhan , Khussainov Abilzhan , Rodrigo-Ilarri Javier , Rodrigo-Clavero María-Elena , Kyzdarbekova Gulmira , Dankina Gulzhan
Published: November 2023

The geographical location of Kazakhstan, situated in the central part of the Eurasian continent, has played a crucial role in shaping a distinctly continental climate. This positioning has led to Kazakhstan facing a significant challenge in terms of water resource availability. The country’s water resources are highly vulnerable to the dual pressures of climate change and human activities. It is noteworthy that the Yesil River basin is the sole region within Kazakhstan’s borders where water resources are predominantly generated, while all other river basins experience substantial outflows beyond the nation’s boundaries. This research undertaking involves a comprehensive analysis of long-term climatic data collected from meteorological stations located within the confines of the Yesil basin in Northern Kazakhstan. Additionally, the study encompasses the computation of water consumption and annual runoff within this region. Historical meteorological observations spanning from 1961 to 2020 reveal notable trends. Most significantly, a 1.2 °C increase in temperature is observed during the spring season. Winters have also become relatively milder and warmer, particularly towards the end of February, where temperatures have shifted from −16.2 °C in the first 30-year period to −14.6 °C in the second period. These findings underscore the ongoing climatic changes within the region, with significant implications for the management and sustainability of water resources in Kazakhstan.
Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Methods Based on Entropy Weights with q-Rung Picture Uncertain Linguistic Fuzzy Information
Authors: Sun Mengran , Geng Yushui , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces a new concept called q-rung picture uncertain linguistic fuzzy sets (q-RPULSs). These sets provide a reliable and comprehensive method for describing complex and uncertain decision-making information. In addition, q-RPULSs help to integrate the decision maker’s quantitative assessment ideas with qualitative assessment information. For the q-RPUL multi-attribute group decision-making problem with unknown weight information, an entropy-based fuzzy set method for q-rung picture uncertainty language is proposed. The method considers the interrelationships among attributes and builds a q-rung picture uncertain language model. In addition, the q-RPULMSM operator and its related properties are discussed in this paper. This operator enables the fusion of q-RPULSs and helps to reach consensus in decision-making scenarios. To demonstrate the validity of the methodology, we provide a real case study involving commodity selection. Based on this case study, the reasonableness and superiority of the method are evaluated, highlighting the practical advantages and applicability of q-RPULSs in decision-making processes.
Hybridisation Concept of Light Vehicles Utilising an Electrified Planetary Gear Set
Authors: Engels Michael , Jakoby Moritz , Fahrbach Timm , Andert Jakob
Published: November 2023

Climate change and air pollution are two significant challenges facing our society and represent a major driver for new developments in the transport sector. As a consequence, automotive manufacturers have focused on the electrification of vehicle propulsion systems and offer a wide range of hybrid and full-electric vehicles in different classes. However, in the world’s most densely populated metropolitan areas, small and lightweight vehicles are key for the mobility of millions. Traditionally these vehicles have provided cost-effective transportation which is difficult to preserve with vehicle electrification. Many of these light vehicles, such as scooters and all-terrain vehicles, use internal combustion engines in combination with a continuously variable rubber belt transmission which provides a simple, comfortable and cost-effective transmission technology but with poor efficiency and high maintenance costs. In this contribution, a novel full hybrid powertrain concept is proposed that offers a similar driving experience to conventional continuously variable transmissions while providing significantly improved performance and fuel economy combined with low system complexity. In its basic configuration, the hybrid powertrain can operate without active actuators and even with mechanical throttle control of the internal combustion engine. This minimalist approach reduces system costs and helps to create a competitive solution for price-sensitive markets. The hybrid system is based on a planetary gear set that combines the internal combustion engine and an electric motor. It is complemented by a centrifugal clutch and one-way clutch, resulting in different operating modes for low and high speeds as well as for electric driving. This paper describes the mechanical design and control approach of the proposed hybrid powertrain layout. In order to evaluate the basic functionalities, a prototype vehicle was built and tested. This contribution shows the integration of the hybrid powertrain concept in a prototype vehicle and proves the fulfilment of all required full hybrid functionalities.
Development of a Low-Cost Automated Hydrological Information System for Remote Areas in Morelia, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Quispe Sonia Tatiana , Madrigal Jaime , Rodríguez-Licea Daniel , Domínguez-Mota Francisco Javier , Domínguez-Sánchez Constantino , Lara-Ledesma Benjamín
Published: November 2023

Measurement of meteorological variables is essential to assess and analyze extreme events, such as droughts and floods, and even more so when the purpose is to generate early warnings of such natural phenomena. Nowadays, several mechanisms can estimate climatic variables like precipitation and temperature. However, no device measures precipitation values in real-time and at a low-cost, much less are these installed in remote areas of difficult access. Therefore, an Automated Hydrological Information System was developed based on low-cost meteorological stations with two communication protocols, Wi-Fi and GSM. The devices are equipped with a self-sustainable power supply, including a solar panel and energy storage that can last for up to three cloudy days. The precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity values are sent to a database, where they are then processed and displayed on a web page, accessible for download. Users can easily access the data from an official application that redirects them to the website without the need for a computer or a mobile browser. Warning systems are feasible due to the use of IoT services such as ThingSpeak and Ubidots. Ultimately, they allow the analysis of information and immediately send alerts if it exceeds the tolerance ranges.
Do Microplastics Affect the Photodegradation of Duloxetine and Its Phototoxicity to Protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum (Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835?
Authors: Chojnacka Justyna , Giebułtowicz Joanna , Choińska Natalia , Drobniewska Agata , Nałęcz-Jawecki Grzegorz
Published: November 2023

As contaminants are often present in aquatic environments as mixtures, they may interact with each other and affect living organisms differently than when tested individually. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics can be influenced by various environmental factors, with UV/Vis radiation being among the most significant. This study aimed to evaluate the photodegradation of the antidepressant duloxetine in the presence of four types of microplastics. Acute toxicity was tested using the Spirotox assay, duloxetine concentration was determined using HPLC-DAD analysis, and the resulting photodegradation products were tested using HPLC-MS/MS. Following 1 and 2 h of exposure in a sunlight simulator, the concentrations of duloxetine decreased by nine and thirteen times, respectively, while its toxicity to protozoa decreased by only two and three times. The presence of microplastics in the samples did not affect either the photodegradation process or the toxicity of duloxetine. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 34 duloxetine photodegradation products. In silico toxicity analysis using the T.E.S.T. program for the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis indicated that one-third of the photoproducts were as toxic, and two products were found to be much more toxic than duloxetine. The high toxicity of one of these compounds was confirmed using the Spirotox test.
Horizon scanning for potentially invasive non-native marine species to inform trans-boundary conservation management – Example of the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Kathryn A. , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Daniel Wesley , McGarrity Monica E. , Bauer Hanna , Hartman Leslie , Geiger Stephen , Sammarco Paul , Kolian Steve , Porter Scott , Dutton Jessica , McClure Matthew R. , Norberg Michael , Fogg Alex , Lyons Timothy J. , Procopio Justin , Bantista Lauren , Bennett Wayne , Wicksten Mary , Reeves David , Lively Julie , Robinson Elizabeth , Brenner Jorge , Goy Joseph , Morgan-Olvera Ashley , Yunnie Anna L. E. , Copp Gordon H.
Published: November 2023

Prevention of non-native species introductions and establishment is essential to avoid adverse impacts of invasive species in marine environments. To identify potential new invasive species and inform non-native species management options for the northern Gulf of Mexico (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas), 138 marine species were risk screened for current and future climate conditions using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. Species were risk-ranked as low, medium, high, and very high risk based on separate (calibrated) thresholds for fishes, tunicates, and invertebrates. In the basic screening, 15 fishes, two tunicates, and 26 invertebrates were classified as high or very high risk under current climate conditions. Whereas, under future climate conditions, 16 fishes, three tunicates, and 33 invertebrates were classified as high or very high risk. Very high risk species included: California scorpionfish Scorpaena guttata, red scorpionfish Scorpaena scrofa, purple whelk Rapana venosa, and Santo Domingo false mussel Mytilopsis sallei under both current and future climates, with weedy scorpionfish Rhinopias frondosa, Papuan scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis papuensis, daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus, yellowfin scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis neglecta, tassled scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis oxycephalus, brush-clawed shore crab Hemigrapsus takanoi, honeycomb oyster Hyotissa hyotis, carinate rock shell Indothais lacera, and Asian green mussel Perna viridis under climate change conditions only. This study provides evidence to inform trans-boundary management plans across the five Gulf of Mexico states to prevent, detect, and respond rapidly to new species arrivals.
Modern approaches to drug treatment of obesity
Authors:   FSBEI HE Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Shikaleva А. А. , Maksimov M. L. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation; Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kanunikova E. A. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Published: November 2023

The issue of obesity is relevant for countries all over the world. The article discusses available, currently recommended, and anticipated medications for chronic weight control. Pharmacological approaches are appropriate to use in order to maximize the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the long-term treatment of obesity. As an adjunct to lifestyle modification, pharmacological interventions may promote clinical weight loss.
Comparative analysis of the oral opportunistic microorganism growth on the surface of collagen membranes: experimental study
Authors: Svitich O. A. , Poddubikov A. V. , Timashev P. S. , Diachkova E. Yu. , Gostev M. S. , Vartanova N. O.
Published: November 2023

Relevance. Nowadays, in oral surgery, it is still relevant to increase the effectiveness of collagen membranes in the oral cavity in the condition of potential microbial contamination of the wound.Purpose. The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the growth of opportunistic oral bacteria on various collagen membranes.Material and methods. Based on the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the growth of opportunistic oral bacteria on the surface of resorbable collagen membranes developed by the Institute of Regenerative Medicine of the Sechenov University and an already existing foreign alternative. Microbial growth was assessed for S. aureus, S. mutans and C. albicans as the most significant microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity. The quantitative composition of microorganisms was analyzed in the control group without membranes and in groups with membranes (Group 2 – customized collagen membrane 2, Group 3 – membrane 3 with recombinant human lactoferrin, Group 4 – Mucograft membrane) on days 3, 5, and 7 from the start of membrane surface colonization. In all groups, we also evaluated the pH change in a 10% sucrose solution under the influence of biofilm microorganisms. Statistical data processing included the calculation of mean, standard deviations and medians, and comparison between groups was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test after assessing the samples' distribution normality. The results were statistically significant at a minimum of 95%.Results. The performed analysis showed statistically significant differences in the quantitative composition of the microbial biofilm on the surface of all three membranes. The developed collagen membrane with lactoferrin showed the best result at all times, while the customized collagen membrane did not significantly differ from the Mucograft membrane in CFU values and medium pH change. This provision was statistically significant for all three studied microorganisms.Conclusion. The study showed the potential of using manufactured collagen membranes to eliminate soft tissue defects in the oral cavity under the condition of their surfaces' possible contamination as an alternative to foreign membranes.
La saga des vaccins à ARNm
Authors: Philippon Alain
Published: November 2023

L’histoire des vaccins dans la lutte antiinfectieuse est riche en péripéties. Elle débuta avec Jenner par le transfert de liquide vésiculaire (vaccine) de la vache à l’homme au XVIIIe siècle. Puis Pasteur apporta la méthode pour l’obtention de vaccins vivants atténués dans le choléra des poules, le charbon, le rouget du porc ou encore la rage. Parmi les autres étapes, celle des vaccins à ARNm mérite d’être contée illustrant la difficulté pour un chercheur de passer de la théorie à l’application, ainsi plus de soixante ans pour le vaccin anti-COVID. Mots-Clés : Vaccins, Jenner, Pasteur, choléra des poules, charbon, rouget du porc, rage, ARNm, COVID
Les vaccins aujourd’hui chez l’animal : 1. Bases technologiques, pratiques et sociologiques
Authors: Ridremont Bertrand
Published: November 2023

Les vaccins vétérinaires représentent en France un quart du marché du médicament vétérinaire. Le taux de pénétration de la vaccination en médecine vétérinaire en France dépend des espèces : très élevé chez les volailles et porcins, élevé chez les chevaux et les chiens, encore modéré ou irrégulier chez les bovins, faible chez le chat et les petits ruminants. Les cibles des vaccins vétérinaires sont essentiellement les virus et bactéries, mais aussi les parasites et les champignons. Les voies d’administration sont très variées, particulièrement chez les volailles. Parmi les technologies vaccinales utilisées en médecine vétérinaire, on peut distinguer les vaccins conventionnels (vivants atténués, inactivés, à base de toxines ou « toxoids ») et les vaccins de nouvelle génération (recombinants, vecteurs, à ADN et à ARN), ainsi que les autovaccins. Un objectif de la vaccination des animaux est de limiter les administrations, sources de stress, à travers des vaccins multivalents à administration unique et longue durée d’immunité. Motivations et freins de la démarche vaccinale varie selon les espèces, notamment entre animaux de rente et de compagnie. Mots-clés : vaccins, vétérinaire, prévalence, cibles, technologies, voies d’administration, protocoles vaccinaux, pharmacovigilance, motivations, freins.
Actualités sur la diphtérie, zoonose, à l'occasion du centenaire des anatoxines par G. Ramon
Authors: Philippon Alain
Published: November 2023

Après 10 ans passés dans la préparation peu gratifiante de sérums antidiphtérique, antitétanique, antigangréneux et antivenimeux, le vétérinaire Gaston Ramon a mis au point les anatoxines diphtérique et tétanique dès 1923. Son sens aiguisé de l’observation l’amena à tester le formol pour une meilleure conservation des sérums antitoxiques et finalement découvrir la floculation, le titrage in vitro des toxines et enfin leur inactivation (formol + chaleur) sans perdre leur pouvoir immunogène, ouvrant ainsi la voie des vaccins par anatoxines. Lors de l’injection de toxines aux chevaux, il nota que la présence d’un abcès générait une meilleure production d’antitoxines, y compris chez l’animal multivacciné. Ces observations allaient permettre d’autres découvertes capitales dont les adjuvants de l’immunité, les vaccinations associées et les rappels vaccinaux. Bien que le plus souvent cité, il n’obtint jamais le Prix Nobel de Médecine. Si la diphtérie reste très minoritaire dans les pays pratiquant la vaccination par anatoxine, elle est devenue une zoonose due à Corynebacterium ulcerans, transmise surtout par le chat et le chien et capable de synthétiser la toxine diphtérique véhiculée par un prophage. Mots clés : Gaston Ramon, vaccin, anatoxine, diphtérie, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans
Séquençage de novo de la région variable (FV) des anticorps circulants : objectif d’un logiciel de réassemblage
Authors: Saunier Bertrand , Maillet Nicolas
Published: November 2023

L’immunité humorale est essentielle à la réponse adaptative aux infections et à leur prévention par la vaccination. La diversité des cellules productrices d’anticorps a été bien mieux étudiée que celle des anticorps proprement-dits, alors qu’ils constituent la pièce maitresse de la réponse humorale. Or, un décalage important a été récemment observé entre le répertoire des récepteurs antigéniques des lymphocytes B circulants et celui des anticorps du sérum. En permettant le séquençage de-novo d’anticorps, la protéomique en bottom-up présente de nombreux atouts pour combler cette lacune. Les clivages protéiques utilisés par cette méthode augmentent nettement la couverture de séquençage. Ceux-ci impliquent néanmoins de reconstruire a posteriori la séquence des chaines lourdes et légères des immunoglobulines et de les rapparier. Cette procédure devient rapidement complexe avec des mélanges d’anticorps, comme ceux issus du sérum. C’est pourquoi nous développons un logiciel pour évaluer le taux maximum de séquençage d’anticorps atteignable par l’approche bottom-up. Mots-Clés : Immunité humorale ; anticorps sériques ; spectrométrie de masse ; séquençage de novo ; reconstruction de séquences ; « One Health ».
Nouvelles stratégies d'évaluation de la toxicité en toxicologie
Authors: Tete Arnaud , Bortoli Sylvie , Coumoul Xavier
Published: November 2023

Mots-Clés : in vitro, modèles, lignées, organoïdes, AOP, toxicologie
Emerging Role of Tumor-Educated Platelets as a New Liquid Biopsy Tool for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Razzaghi Hossein , Khabbazpour Milad , Heidary Zohreh , Heiat Mohammad , Shirzad Moghaddam Zeinab , Derogar Parisa , Khoncheh Ahmad , Zaki-Dizaji Majid
Published: November 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-associated death universally. Currently, the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of CRC mostly depends on endoscopy integrated with tissue biopsy. Recently, liquid biopsy has gained more and more attention in the area of molecular detection and monitoring of tumors due to ease of sampling, and its safe, non-invasive, and dynamic nature. Platelets, despite their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, are known to have an active, bifacial relationship with cancers. Platelets are the second most common type of cell in the blood and are one of the wealthy liquid biopsy biosources. These cells have the potential to absorb nucleic acids and proteins and modify their transcriptome with regard to external signals, which are termed tumor-educated platelets (TEPs). Liquid biopsies depend on TEPs’ biomarkers which can be used to screen and also detect cancer in terms of prognosis, personalized treatment, monitoring, and prediction of recurrence. The value of TEPs as an origin of tumor biomarkers is relatively new, but platelets are commonly isolated using formidable and rapid techniques in clinical practice. Numerous preclinical researches have emphasized the potential of platelets as a new liquid biopsy biosource for detecting several types of tumors. This review discusses the potential use of platelets as a liquid biopsy for CRC.
Earning Statistics Course Credit in College Is Associated with Higher Salaries 10 Years After Graduation
Authors: Shaw Stacy T. , Rushton Nellie , Rostkowski Emily
Published: November 2023

This study provides a first look at the relationship between statistics course taking during college and working graduates’ reported salary 10 years later. Using data from a sample of 17,070 college graduates, we found evidence that employed graduates who earned statistics credits reported earning an estimated $11,533 more per year compared to graduates who did not, and for every one credit earned in statistics there was a statistically significant associated salary difference of $2,700, with students who earned more credits also reporting higher salary. This relationship persisted even when statistically controlling for gender, college major, occupation, and previous socioeconomic status.
Investigation of new light-cured composite dental materials by atomic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Shalamay L.I. , Mendosa E.Yu. , Maiorov E.E. , Lampusova V.B. , Oksas N.S.
Published: November 2023

The paper the study of new light-cured composite dental materials by atomic absorption spectroscopy are considered. High-quality aesthetics, durability, functionality and maximum preservation of hard dental tissues are the result of new adhesive preparation and improvement of the physico-chemical and optical properties of composites, therefore, the study of the optical properties of composites is relevant and promising. The article the objects under study, the appearance of the spectrophotometer, the optical scheme and the technical characteristics of the device are presented. In the study of restorative dental composites, different absorption capacity of materials was obtained. Maximum absorption in all composite materials in the wavelength range = 250…360 nm was detected.
X-ray features and diagnostics of purulent-necrotic lesions of the jaws
Authors: Arzhantsev A.P.
Published: November 2023

X-ray data of 750 patients with odontogenic and non-odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaws aged 18 to 65 years were studied. The results of orthopantomography, panoramic zonography of facial bones, telerentgenography of the skull, intraoral radiography, computed tomography of the maxillofacial region are analyzed.

The radiological characteristics of odontogenic acute, subacute, chronic and primary chronic osteomyelitis, hematogenic and posttraumatic osteomyelitis, radiation, bisphosphonate and phosphorus necrosis of the jaws are presented, taking into account differential diagnosis.

The radiological semiotics of osteomyelitis of the jaws is diverse, since the features of the manifestation of osteomyelitis depend on the etiology, stage of the course and form of the bone inflammatory process.

Orthopantomography is a method of primary diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the jaws. The use of computed tomography contributes to the accurate identification of the structure of the affected area, the magnitude of the destruction of anatomical details of the jaws and the boundaries of the spread of the purulent-necrotic process.