bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencial de las imágenes aéreas históricas y la fotogrametría automatizada para elaborar modelos 3D de cauces efímeros mediterráneos y cuantificar cambios morfológicos
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Álvaro , Conesa-García Carmelo , Ibisate González de Matauco Askoa , Pérez-Cutillas Pedro , Portillo-Grau Daniel , Segura-Méndez Francisco José
Published: February 2022

El estudio de la dinámica de los cauces efímeros mediterráneos (CEM) resulta de gran interés, al tratarse de sistemas geomorfológicos expuestos a importantes fluctuaciones recientes en los factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos que los gobiernan. Para obtener una aproximación a su modelo dinámico y comprender su adaptación a diferentes perturbaciones resulta vital el desarrollo de estudios a una escala temporal adecuada (décadas). En este trabajo, se analiza el potencial de los fotogramas aéreos históricos y la fotogrametría automatizada para generar modelos 3D y ortofotografías de CEM en diferentes fechas y tratar de analizar cambios morfológicos a partir de ellos. Se seleccionaron, a modo de ejemplo, varios tramos de dos ramblas en la cuenca del Segura (Rambla de Algeciras y Rambla de Valdelentisco) y otros tres en un curso efímero de la Cuenca del Ebro (Barranco de Tudela). Se emplearon fotogramas de los denominados vuelo americano B (1956) y vuelo interministerial (1973-1986), junto con puntos de apoyo naturales registrados con un sistema de posicionamiento global (GNSS) para alimentar técnicas de fotogrametría automatizada (Structure-from-Motion & Multi-View Stereo) y producir nubes de puntos, modelos digitales de superficie y ortofotografías. Fue necesario llevar a cabo algunas adaptaciones del flujo de trabajo fotogramétrico convencional a las características de los fotogramas (inclusión de marcas fiduciales, utilización de máscaras, uso de puntos naturales, etc.). Los resultados arrojaron un error cuadrático medio de los productos cartográficos que osciló entre 0,62 y 0,85 m con densidades volumétricas de las nubes de puntos resultantes de 1,03 a 4,47 pts·m-3. Por lo tanto, este enfoque metodológico podría emplearse en el análisis de cambios relevantes (>1 m) y para la descripción morfológica de los cauces e integrarse con cartografía reciente para una mejor compresión de su dinámica.
Aprovechamiento tradicional de las aguas de avenida y transformaciones de los sistemas fluviales del sureste de la Península Ibérica: la Rambla de Abanilla-Benferri
Authors: Marco Molinaa Juan Antonio , Giménez Font Pablo , Prieto Cerdán Antonio
Published: February 2022

El aprovechamiento tradicional de las aguas de avenida, mediante presas de derivación y complejas redes de boqueras, generó un milenario sistema de organización hidrogeomorfológica en las cuencas vertientes del sureste de la península ibérica. Tal fue su implantación e importancia territorial que, durante siglos, en barrancos y ramblas se desarrolló una dinámica ecoantrópica en la que las avenidas fluviales se convirtieron en un valioso recurso para la agricultura, reduciendo su peligrosidad. El rápido abandono de estos sistemas de laminación durante el siglo XX, junto con la alteración de los cursos fluviales y los intensos cambios de usos del suelo, ha incrementado la peligrosidad de estas ramblas. El presente artículo aborda el estudio del último tramo de la rambla de Abanilla-Benferri (provincia de Alicante), como ejemplo paradigmático de estos procesos territoriales, aportando una primera interpretación histórico-geomorfológica sobre su funcionamiento en el pasado y las consecuencias del abandono del sistema de riego tradicional.
Cambios de usos del suelo y relación con cambios en cauces cantábricos (Oiartzun y Oria)
Authors: Ibisate Askoa , Acín Vanesa , Granado David , Sáenz de Olazagoitia Ana
Published: February 2022

Se ha analizado la evolución y relación entre los usos del suelo, el cauce activo y las actuaciones realizadas en el último medio siglo en las cuencas de los ríos Oiartzun y Oria. Se constata una importante reducción del cauce activo, estrechamiento e incremento de la vegetación en el cauce, coincidiendo en el tiempo con un incremento de la superficie vegetada y suelos antrópicos en ambas cuencas, en detrimento de usos de praderas. Si bien durante el mismo periodo se han visto ocupadas las escasas llanuras de inundación funcionales que restaban y se han acometido muchas obras de defensa y modificación de los cauces, que han actuado sobre los cambios en los cauces, si no ha sido un factor más relevante
Gaisa mitruma, gaisa un ledus temperatūras ietekme uz berzes pāra nerūsējošais tērauds-ledus slīdēšanu raksturojošiem parametriem
Authors: Jansons Ernests
Published: February 2022

Promocijas darbā pētīta vides apstākļu (gaisa mitruma, gaisa un ledus temperatūras) ietekme uz berzes pāra nerūsējošais tērauds – ledus slīdēšanu raksturojošiem parametriem (berzes koeficients, slīdēšanas laiks). Uz empīrisku mērījumu pamata izstrādāts slīdēšanu raksturojošo parametru prognozēšanas modelis, kā arī mērīšanas un prognozēšanas metodika, ņemot vērā vides apstākļus. Pētīta ledus virsmas tekstūra un mehāniskās īpašības, tērauda paraugu virsmas tekstūra, mērīta eksperimentālā parauga makroģeometrija, analizēti mērījumu precizitātes ietekmējošie faktori reālu apstākļu eksperimentu režīmā, kā arī salīdzināti eksperimentu rezultāti reālu apstākļu un laboratorijas režīmā.
Relationship Betwen the Quality of Life and the Lumbar Syndrome, in Middle-Aged Persons
Authors: Romanov Romana , Nešić Milan , Grujičić Dragan , Lepeš Josip , Andrašić Slobodan
Published: February 2022

Lumbar syndrome (LS) is very common in the population of middle-aged people, especially those who are physically insufficiently active. LS is characterized by lower back pain, and the frequency of pain is one of the risk factors for the quality of life. The aim of the study is to identify the quality of life in people with LS, in relation to the frequency of pain that occurs. The sample consisted of 202 respondents (93 male and 109 female, the average of 47.5 years of age) which was stratified in 3 subsamples, in relation to the frequency of the back pain. The data was collected by a questionnaire designed for the purposes of this research, PAL questionnaire (Perception of Active Lifestyle, Nešić, 2016), which is intended for self-assessment of the quality of life. Based on Spearman’s Rho coefficient, it has been proven that with the more frequent back pain, the quality of life of the respondents’ decreases (p=.000). Relatively high values of χ2 = 23.09 indicated a statistically significant difference in quality of life in people with different frequency of back pain (p=.000). Respondents who had occasional back pain had the highest quality of life, while the respondents with very frequent back pain, had the lowest. In people with a history of lumbar pain, physical activity occupies a very important place, it affects the reduction and the frequency of pain and thus directly on the quality of life of people in this population.
Influence of Physical Activity on Microcirculatory Changes in Healthy Pregnant Women
Authors: Ljubojević Vesna , Bojanić Vlatka , Skočić Smoljanović Saša
Published: February 2022

In pregnancy physical activity is considered as a preventive measure for diseases of the cardiovascular system. In studies, the data on microvascular adaptation in pregnancy are scarce. The prenatal program included 35 pregnant women who exercised and 35 women who did not. The shape of the capillaries of the nail skin fold was analyzed with capillaroscopy. At the beginning of the study, the shape of the capillary was normal in all pregnant women. After 8 weeks in 40.91% of pregnant women who exercised and in 47.06% of pregnant women who did not exercise, the shape of the capillary loop was abnormal with bending of the limbs, tortuosity of the limbs, and crossing of the limbs. After the 8th week of the prenatal program, no significant difference in the shape of the capillary loop of the nail skin fold was found between pregnant women who performed prenatal exercises and pregnant women who did not.
Efficiency of decompressive craniectomy as a line of management of severe cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed M , Badr Hatem , Khalil Amr Farid
Published: February 2022

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare pathology with life threatening consequences, most of these fatal complications are due to raised intracranial pressure due to venous infarction and cerebral swelling, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of decompressive craniectomy for favorable outcome.Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological and surgical data of patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for CVT in a tertiary referral hospital between the years 2016 through 2020.Results: The study included 7 patients, female predominance was noted (5/7), mean age was 18.14 years. Mean Glasgow coma score (GCS) at surgery was 8.26, good clinical outcome was achieved for the majority of cases 71.4%, and one case of mortality 14.28%.Conclusions: Decompressive craniectomy is a life saving procedure for patients with severe brain swelling as a sequela of CVT, majority of patients (71.4%) showed favorable functional outcome by 6 months postoperatively.
Триклинный афвиллит и другие островные гидросиликаты кальция, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К.
Published: February 2022

Гидросиликаты Са (CSH) широко распространены в природе и находят применение в цементной промышленности. В их катионном составе есть только кальций и кремний, а химическое разнообразие обусловлено отношением Ca/Si, составом анионов и степенью гидратированности. Структурное многообразие этого семейства связано с вариациями фрагментов из Ca-полиэдров и Si-радикалов, а также топологией и симметрией их расположения в структуре. Ранее я писала в «Природе» о строении минерала фукалита и родственных ему гидросиликатов кальция с протяженными кремнекислородными радикалами. В данной работе рассказывается о рентгеноструктурном исследовании другого представителя CSH-семейства — минерала афвиллита, в котором содержатся изолированные SiO-тетраэдры, и о гидросиликатах кальция с островными Si,O-радикалами и их комбинациями.
ОБОЛОЧКИ ГОРЯЧИХ ЮПИТЕРОВ — КЛЮЧ К ПОНИМАНИЮ ФИЗИКИ И ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ЭКЗОПЛАНЕТ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Бисикало Д.В. , Шематович В.И. , Кайгородов П.В. , Жилкин А.Г.
Published: February 2022

Идея о том, что у далеких звезд могут быть планеты, восходит как минимум к Джордано Бруно, однако реальные доказательства их существования были получены не так давно. До этого момента предполагалось, что планетные системы должны быть более или менее похожи на Солнечную, с несколькими газовыми гигантами на довольно высоких орбитах и сравнительно небольшими каменными планетами, расположенными ближе к звезде. Тем не менее одна из первых открытых экзопланет совершенно неожиданно оказалась массой около половины массы Юпитера и на очень низкой орбите, примерно в 7 раз ближе к звезде, чем Меркурий к Солнцу. Позднее множество похожих планет было обнару
МЕЖЗВЁЗДНАЯ ПЫЛЬ — МЕЖДУ СВЕТОМ И ТЬМОЙ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Вибе Д.З. , Кирсанова М.С.
Published: February 2022

Космическая пыль – неотъемлемая составляющая межзвездной среды наряду с межзвездным газом и различными полями. Для понимания явлений, происходящих в космосе, астрономам необходимо знать свойства пылинок, так как на любой объект Вселенной мы смотрим через пылевую завесу. Ядра пылинок, которые состоят из соединений углерода и кремния, покрыты ледяными мантиями из замерзшей воды и других молекул. Наблюдательные методы наземной астрономии позволяют определить состав ледяных мантий и тугоплавких ядер силикатных пылинок. Однако добраться до состава ядер углеродных пылинок гораздо сложнее, поскольку их излучение можно наблюдать в ограниченном классе объектов. Такие наблюдения ведутся, в частности, в практически недоступном с Земли среднем и дальнем инфракрасном (ИК) диапазоне длин волн в фотодиссоциационных областях (ФДО). Последние представляют собой области в космосе, которые являются переходными между ионизованным и молекулярным газом. Таким образом, планирование каждой внеатмосферной ИК-обсерватории идет параллельно с интенсивными теоретическими исследованиями углеродной пыли. В Институте астрономии РАН (ИНАСАН) решаются задачи моделирования ФДО, проводятся исследования микрофизических процессов эволюции пыли в ФДО, а также ведутся наблюдения ФДО на российских и зарубежных телескопах.
Hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is activated via positive cooperativity between guanine and IMP
Authors: Ueda Shigeru , Hirata Tatsuya , Sakasegawa Shin‐ichi
Published: February 2022

Hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway. Here, the reverse reaction of HGPRT from the thermophilic bacterium Hungateiclostridium thermocellum was studied in the presence of IMP and pyrophosphate. As for the human enzyme, the bacterial HGPRT was activated by guanine. Furthermore, guanine was found to operate as both an activator and an inhibitor. Intriguingly, within the concentration range of guanine where it functions as the activator, the Km value for IMP was not influenced by guanine. Consequently, guanine was found to noncompetitively activate the reverse reaction toward IMP. Here, we propose a reaction scheme that explains the activation mechanism in which the enzyme forms a chimeric oligomer bound to both IMP and guanine.
Improvement in bladder volume reproducibility using A‐mode portable ultrasound bladder scanner in moderate‐hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ohira Shingo , Komiyama Riho , Kanayama Naoyuki , Sakai Kayo , Hirata Takero , Yoshikata Kento , Ueda Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Nakayama Masashi , Koizumi Masahiko , Konishi Koji
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study introduced an A‐mode portable ultrasound bladder scanner, the Lilium® α‐200 (here after Lilium; Lilium Otsuka, Kanagawa, Japan), for the treatment of prostate cancer patients with hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy to improve the reproducibility of bladder volume (BV).

Materials and methods

Thirty patients were advised to maintain full BV prior to computed tomography (CT) simulation and daily treatment. Among these, the BV of 15 patients was measured using Lilium until a BV of 80% in the simulation was achieved (with the Lilium group). Daily cone‐beam CT (CBCT) was performed for treatment. The correlation between BV measured by CBCT and Lilium was assessed. The differences in the BV and dosimetric parameters of the bladder in the CBCT versus planning CT were compared between the groups with and without Lilium.

Results

There was a significantly strong relationship (r = 0.796, p < 0.05) between the BVs measured using CBCT and Lilium. The relative BV ratios to simulation CT < 0.5 and > 2 were observed in 10.3% and 12.7%, respectively, of treatment sessions without Lilium group, while these ratios were 1% and 2.8%, respectively, in the Lilium group. The mean absolute difference in the range of V30Gy to V40Gy without Lilium sessions was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than that in the Lilium group.

Conclusion

The use of the A‐mode portable ultrasound bladder scanner significantly improved the reproducibility of the BV, resulting in few variations in the dosimetric parameters for the bladder.
Extension of the Freiberg Layer Model by Means of Solidification for Roll Casting
Authors: Weiner Max , Schmidtchen Matthias , Prahl Ulrich
Published: February 2022

Finite element method (FEM) simulations offer deep and detailed modeling of complex processes, but with a high effort of computation power and time. For the special purpose of flat rolling, a layer model is developed by Schmidtchen earlier based on the classic elementary theory of plasticity with the purpose to model inhomogeneous behavior with a significant lower effort at computation. In a previous work, this model was extended with elastic–plastic material behavior. Herein, the model is extended by a viscose zone at the entry for the modeling of roll casting. It is now possible to model the inhomogeneous solidification of a melt in the roll gap and proceed with elastic–plastic inhomogeneous flat rolling in the solid region. The results are compared with FEM simulations from the literature and found to fit well together. But, the current model offers more plausible stress curves in the solid region, because an elastic–plastic material model is applied, where common FEM simulations are only able to work with viscose material laws in the whole roll gap.
Machine‐Assisted Discovery of Chondroitinase ABC Complexes toward Sustained Neural Regeneration
Authors: Kosuri Shashank , Borca Carlos H. , Mugnier Heloise , Tamasi Matthew , Patel Roshan A. , Perez Isabel , Kumar Suneel , Finkel Zachary , Schloss Rene , Cai Li , Yarmush Martin L. , Webb Michael A. , Gormley Adam J.
Published: February 2022

Among the many molecules that contribute to glial scarring, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known to be potent inhibitors of neuronal regeneration. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a bacterial lyase, degrades the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of CSPGs and promotes tissue regeneration. However, ChABC is thermally unstable and loses all activity within a few hours at 37 °C under dilute conditions. To overcome this limitation, the discovery of a diverse set of tailor‐made random copolymers that complex and stabilize ChABC at physiological temperature is reported. The copolymer designs, which are based on chain length and composition of the copolymers, are identified using an active machine learning paradigm, which involves iterative copolymer synthesis, testing for ChABC thermostability upon copolymer complexation, Gaussian process regression modeling, and Bayesian optimization. Copolymers are synthesized by automated PET‐RAFT and thermostability of ChABC is assessed by retained enzyme activity (REA) after 24 h at 37 °C. Significant improvements in REA in three iterations of active learning are demonstrated while identifying exceptionally high‐performing copolymers. Most remarkably, one designed copolymer promotes residual ChABC activity near 30%, even after one week and notably outperforms other common stabilization methods for ChABC. Together, these results highlight a promising pathway toward sustained tissue regeneration.
Plasmonic Active “Hot Spots”‐Confined Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High Selectivity for CH4 Production
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyi , Huang Jindou , Bi Zhenhua , Ni Wenjun , Gurzadyan Gagik , Zhu Yongan , Zhang Zhenyi
Published: February 2022

Plasmonic nanostructures have tremendous potential to be applied in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, since their localized surface plasmon resonance can collect low‐energy‐photons to derive energetic “hot electrons” for reducing the CO2 activation‐barrier. However, the hot electron‐driven CO2 reduction is usually limited by poor efficiency and low selectivity for producing kinetically unfavorable hydrocarbons. Here, a new idea of plasmonic active “hot spot”‐confined photocatalysis is proposed to overcome this drawback. W18O49 nanowires on the outer surface of Au nanoparticles‐embedded TiO2 electrospun nanofibers are assembled to obtain lots of Au/TiO2/W18O49 sandwich‐like substructures in the formed plasmonic heterostructure. The short distance (< 10 nm) between Au and adjacent W18O49 can induce an intense plasmon‐coupling to form the active “hot spots” in the substructures. These active “hot spots” are capable of not only gathering the incident light to enhance “hot electrons” generation and migration, but also capturing protons and CO through the dual‐hetero‐active‐sites (Au‐O‐Ti and W‐O‐Ti) at the Au/TiO2/W18O49 interface, as evidenced by systematic experiments and simulation analyses. Thus, during photocatalytic CO2 reduction at 43± 2 °C, these active “hot spots” enriched in the well‐designed Au/TiO2/W18O49 plasmonic heterostructure can synergistically confine the hot‐electron, proton, and CO intermediates for resulting in the CH4 and CO production‐rates at ≈35.55 and ≈2.57 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively, and the CH4‐product selectivity at ≈93.3%.
Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Shinde Pratik V. , Samal Rutuparna , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2022

2D materials exhibit strong physical orientation‐dependent properties due to their intrinsic anisotropic crystallinity. Herein, the authors review the recent developments on the properties, preparation, and applications of emerging vertically aligned 2D materials. This report initially discusses the various properties of vertically aligned materials such as electronic, optical, magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and super wetting. The tuning of these properties is also highlighted based on strategies such as scale, doping, defect, vacancy, intercalation, and phase engineering. Then, this review provides a succinct and critical survey of the recent progress in designing, preparation techniques, and the manufacturing conditions of vertically aligned materials. After investigating the properties, tunability of properties, and preparation methods for vertically aligned 2D materials, their performances in numerous applications are comprehensively summarized. The presence of predominantly exposed edge sites significantly alters their properties and chemical reactivity owing to their enriched dangling bonds and offers several advantages for a wide range of applications including chemical and gas sensors, field emission, energy storage, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Finally, some developmental challenges, a few outlooks, future possibilities, and directions are summarized to inspire readers toward exploring vertically aligned 2D materials with new advances and functionalities.
Designing Multicolor Graphics of Plasmonic Metasurfaces through Gradual Protrusion of Particles at Free Interface
Authors: Kim Minjung , Kim Jong Bin , Lee Seung Yeol , Nam Seong Kyeong , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: February 2022

Metal nanostructures show plasmonic colors in the absence of pigments, which are promising for various optical applications. Colloidal lithography is one of the cost‐effective methods for a wide‐area production of plasmonic metasurfaces. However, it remains an important challenge to regioselectively control plasmonic property in a facile and reliable manner. Here, a novel strategy is reported to produce multicolor plasmonic graphics using the gradual protrusion of colloids at a water‐resin interface. Particles anchored at free interfaces slowly migrate toward the equilibrium position. Therefore, the degree of protrusion into the opposite phase is determined by the duration of aging. With this phenomenon, dimple arrays with controlled depths is produced by capturing the particles at the water‐resin interface through photopolymerization and removing the particles. Directional deposition of aluminum on the dimple arrays renders plasmonically colored surfaces, where the resonant wavelengths, or colors, vary with dimple depth. As the resin is regioselectively photocurable by ultraviolet irradiation through photomasks, plasmonic graphics can be produced. In addition, multi‐steps of regioselective photocuring with controlled durations of incubation produce multicolor graphics. The graphics show consistent plasmonic colors for specular reflection while displaying iridescent diffraction colors from hexagonal arrays of dimples for off‐specular conditions, enhancing the visibility of graphics.
Attaining policy integration through the integration of new policy instruments: The case of the Farm to Fork Strategy
Authors: Bazzan Giulia , Daugbjerg Carsten , Tosun Jale
Published: February 2022

This article departs from the assumption that the challenge of putting the Farm to Fork Strategy (F2F) into action stems from the broader challenge of attaining cross‐sectoral policy integration. Policy integration has been part of the EU's policy approach for a long time and has predominantly been achieved in the form of environmental policy integration (EPI). However, the scope of the F2F extends beyond EPI, as it includes the integration of climate‐related concerns into sectoral policies, for instance. Consequently, we contend that attaining policy integration in the case of the F2F is particularly challenging and calls for an innovative approach to policymaking.
Postzygotic mosaicism of a novel PTPN11 mutation in monozygotic twins discordant for metachondromatosis
Authors: Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Glinkowski Wojciech , Walczak Anna , Koppolu Agnieszka , Kostrzewa Grażyna , Gasperowicz Piotr , Pollak Agnieszka , Stawiński Piotr , Płoski Rafał
Published: February 2022

Genetic mosaicism caused by postzygotic mutations is of a great interest due to its role in human disease. Monozygotic twins arising from a single zygote are considered as genetically identical, and any differences likely to be caused by postzygotic events. Thus, phenotypically discordant monozygotic twins offer a unique opportunity to study genotype–phenotype correlation. Here, we present a three‐generation family starting from a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for metachondromatosis due to postzygotic p.(Gln175His) variant in the PTPN11 gene. Both phenotypically discordant monozygotic twins harbor p.(Gln175His), however significant differences in mosaic ratio is observed not only between twins, but also within different tissue types within one individual. Phenotypic manifestation of p.(Gln175His) in examined family clearly depends on allele variant fraction (VAF). Individuals harboring constitutional mutation (VAF 50%) present typical metachondromatosis. Milder phenotype is observed in twin harboring high‐level mosaicism in the tissue of ectodermal origin (VAF 45%), but not in a blood (VAF 5%). Finally, her twin sister harboring low‐level mosaicism in blood (VAF 2%) and nonblood (VAF 12%) tissues is phenotypically normal. Our results provide insights into biological role of mosaicism in disease and further support the usefulness of nonblood tissues as an optimal source of DNA for the identification of postzygotic mutations in phenotypically discordant monozygotic twins.
Anti‐kooperative Selbstorganisation mit aufrechterhaltener Emission reguliert durch konformationelle und sterische Effekte
Authors: Helmers Ingo , Hossain Muhammad Saddam , Bäumer Nils , Wesarg Paul , Soberats Bartolome , Shimizu Linda S. , Fernández Gustavo
Published: February 2022

In diesem Artikel wird eine Strategie vorgestellt, um das Emissionsverhalten im aggregierten Zustand beizubehalten, indem eine antikooperative Selbstorganisation mit schwachen intermolekularen Farbstoffwechselwirkungen erzwungen wird. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, haben wir eine konformationsflexible Monomereinheit 1 mit einem 1,3‐substituierten (Diphenyl)harnstoff‐Wasserstoffbindungssynthon aufgebaut, das an zwei BODIPY‐Farbstoffe mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Trialkoxybenzolsubstituenten in der meso‐Position gebunden ist. Die Konkurrenz zwischen anziehenden Kräften (H‐Bindung und aromatische Wechselwirkungen) und destabilisierenden Effekten (sterische und konkurrierende Konformationseffekte) begrenzt die Assemblierung und stoppt das supramolekulare Wachstum auf der Stufe kleiner Oligomere. Angesichts der schwachen Farbstoff‐Farbstoff‐Wechselwirkungen werden die Emissionseigenschaften des molekular gelösten 1 durch die Aggregation nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigt. Unsere Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, den Bereich der emissiven supramolekularen Assemblierungen und der kontrollierten supramolekularen Polymerisation zu erweitern.
Highly flame‐retardant and low toxic polybutylene succinate composites with functionalized BN@APP exfoliated by ball milling
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Jiang Zhenlin , Zhu Keyu , Zhang Yun , Zhu Min , Wang Chaosheng , Wang Huaping , Ren Alex
Published: February 2022

This article describes the preparation of nitrogen‐phosphorus‐doped boron nitride (BN@APP) as a multifunctional nanofiller for flame‐retardant and thermal conductivity in polybutylene succinate (PBS). The BN@APP was obtained by a one‐step ball milling method. The improvement of thermal conductivity effectively reduces the generation of toxic smoke during PBS combustion. After incorporating 1.0 wt% BN@APP into the PBS, the thermal conductivity of the PBS composite is increased by 62.8%. The heat and toxic smoke are reduced significantly, the heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke rate of PBS composites were dramatically reduced by 28.2%, 23.5%, and 44.8%, respectively, compared to pure PBS. This research offers a prospective route to prepare highly flame‐retardant composites that have low‐toxicity and smoke.
Dispersion of flame‐retardant powdered phosphorylated kraft pulp fibers in polyester resin and their effect on the flammability of glass‐reinforced composites
Authors: Mouandhoime Zahahe Oulame , Lebrun Gilbert , Brouillette François
Published: February 2022

Materials used in many sectors like building or transportation must respect flame resistance standards. In this work, a dispersion of flame retardant phosphorylated kraft fibers (PKF), used in replacement of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) in a polyester resin of a glass‐reinforced composite laminate, and their impact on the flame retardancy of the material was investigated. SEM and EDS images showed a regular and homogeneous distribution of PKF in the resin matrix. The addition of PKF in the resin has a significant impact on the flammability parameters of the composite. For the tested experimental conditions, powdered PKF can be dispersed into the resin at a maximum powder/resin ratio of 20 wt% to maintain a low enough viscosity of resin for molding and procure a significant weight reduction of the laminate. However, there seems to be several unprotected areas in the material, by either PKF or ATH, that could promote flame propagation and smoke emission. Complete coverage of laminate with PKF will need to be achieved for a complete substitution of ATH.
Mitochondrial genomes of 10 Mantidae species and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Wang Hui , Huang Huimin , Zhao Yizheng , Zhou Zhijun
Published: February 2022

This article aims to present a phylogenetic evaluation of Mantidae based on a mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data set. The mitogenome of 10 Mantidae species were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing. The length of nine the complete mitogenomes ranged from 15,371 bp in Tenodera aridifolia to 16,063 bp in Hierodula longa. Mantidae mitogenomes have 37 genes and control region with two exceptions: five trnR copies in Statilia maculata, and H. zhangi was incomplete missing trnI, trnQ, trnM and a portion of the control region. There was a large noncoding region (LNC) between trnM and nad2 in H. chinensis, H. longa, H. maculata and Titanodula sp. Most of protein‐coding genes (PCGs) used the typical start ATN codon and TAA/TAG stop codons. All tRNAs fold into the typical clover‐leaf secondary structure except trnS1 which lacks a dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. Nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks analysis of 13 PCGs showed that atp8 had the highest variability and fastest evolutionary rate. Phylogenetic relationships among 42 Mantidae species were reconstructed using the 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. Of the seven mantid subfamilies included in this analysis, only four had multiple exemplars, and of those only Mantinae and Vatinae formed monophyletic groups in BI and ML trees. Consistent with previous studies, the monophyly of the Hierudulinae and Tenoderinae were not been supported. The present results imply that it is necessary to combine nuclear molecular markers and external characteristic to understand the phylogenetic relationships within Mantidae.
Fostering uncertainty tolerance in anatomy education: Lessons learned from how humanities, arts and social science (HASS) educators develop learners' uncertainty tolerance
Authors: Lazarus Michelle D. , Gouda‐Vossos Amany , Ziebell Angela , Brand Gabrielle
Published: February 2022

Uncertainty tolerance, individuals' perceptions/responses to uncertain stimuli, is increasingly recognized as critical to effective healthcare practice. While the Covid‐19 pandemic generated collective uncertainty, healthcare‐related uncertainty is omnipresent. Correspondingly, there is increasing focus on uncertainty tolerance as a health professional graduate “competency,” and a concomitant interest in identifying pedagogy fostering learners' uncertainty tolerance. Despite these calls, practical guidelines for educators are lacking. There is some initial evidence that anatomy education can foster medical students' uncertainty tolerance (e.g., anatomical variation and dissection novelty), however, there remains a knowledge gap regarding robust curriculum‐wide uncertainty tolerance teaching strategies. Drawing upon humanities, arts and social sciences (HASS) educators' established uncertainty tolerance pedagogies, this study sought to learn from HASS academics' experiences with, and teaching practices related to, uncertainty pedagogy using a qualitative, exploratory study design. Framework analysis was undertaken using an abductive approach, wherein researchers oscillate between inductive and deductive coding (comparing to the uncertainty tolerance conceptual model). During this analysis, the authors analyzed ~386 min of data from purposively sampled HASS academics' (n = 14) discussions to address the following research questions: (1) What teaching practices do HASS academics' perceive as impacting learners' uncertainty tolerance, and (2) How do HASS academics execute these teaching practices? The results extend current understanding of the moderating effects of education on uncertainty tolerance and supports prior findings that the anatomy learning environment is ripe for supporting learner uncertainty tolerance development. This study adds to growing literature on the powerful moderating effect education has on uncertainty tolerance and proposes translation of HASS uncertainty tolerance teaching practices to enhance anatomy education.
Influence of pipeline transit and environment on groundwater recharge for potable reuse
Authors: Pham Christine , Medina Ricardo , Plumlee Megan H.
Published: February 2022

A soil column study was conducted at an advanced water purification and groundwater recharge facility to evaluate potential causes of observed percolation rate decline during recharge for potable reuse. To measure the influence of pipeline transit and the environment on water quality and clogging potential of the purified water, columns were fed with (1) finished product water, (2) the same water after pipeline conveyance collected from the end of the pipe just before groundwater recharge, and (3) water from the basin (surface water pond) after environmental exposure to factors such as sunlight, algae, wildlife, wind‐blown dust, and sidewall erosion. Column performance results showed that percolation decline occurred at different rates across the three source waters, indicating that clogging potential increases significantly from the water's transit through the pipeline and further increases after exposure to the basin environment. The results offer insights for optimizing managed aquifer recharge operations utilizing advanced treated recycled water.
Unlocking the Electrochemistry and the Activation Mechanism in the Iron‐Rich Na0.6Fe1.2PO4 Phase for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Xuelian , Wang Jiande , Du Mengyuan , Zhu Qi , Robeyns Koen , Zhang Xiaozhe , Kumar Varun , Gohy Jean‐François , Garcia Yann , Vlad Alexandru
Published: February 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries are considered as the immediate sustainable alternative to lithium‐ion systems. To reduce the competitiveness gap, improved performances and better understanding of sodium storage, especially of new phases based on sustainable materials, are further required. In this work, we provide advanced investigation of the structure and the electrochemistry of a peculiar off‐stoichiometric iron‐rich phase (Na0.6Fe1.2PO4) for sodium storage. An interesting electrochemical activation phenomenon is described and contrary to conventional ageing processes it is found to significantly enhance the energy and power rate performances.
CUBE im bauaufsichtlichen Kontext
Authors: Gettel Marco
Published: February 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt dar, auf welche Weise die Anforderungen des materiellen Bauordnungsrechtes beim Bauvorhaben CUBE erfüllt wurden. Er gibt damit zugleich einen Überblick über aktuell bei der Anwendung nichtmetallischer Bewehrung relevante bauaufsichtliche Instrumente und schließt mit einem Ausblick auf die mittelfristig zu erwartende Regelungslage.
Employment outcomes in family supporters of patients with early stage breast cancer and their association with patients’ health‐related quality of life and financial burden
Authors: Veenstra Christine M. , Braun Thomas M. , Abrahamse Paul H. , Wittmann Daniela , Hawley Sarah T.
Published: February 2022

Background

Little is known about how cancer impacts the employment status of patients’ family supporters, or about associations between patients’ health‐related quality of life, perceived financial burden, and supporters’ employment trajectory.

Methods

We surveyed patients with early stage breast cancer reported to the Georgia and Los Angeles SEER registries in 2014–15, and their spouse/partner or other family supporters. Patients and supporters were asked about employment impacts of the patient’s cancer, and descriptive analyses of supporters’ employment trajectories were generated. We measured patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) using the PROMIS scale for global health. We measured patients’ perceived financial burden attributed to cancer by asking them two questions regarding (i) their financial status since their breast cancer diagnosis and (ii) how much it was impacted by their breast cancer and treatment. Associations between patients’ HRQoL, perceived financial burden, and supporters’ employment status were assessed using linear mixed model regression analyses.

Results

In total, 2502 patients (68% response rate) and 1203 supporters (70% response rate) responded; 1057 paired patient‐supporter dyads were included. Similar proportions of spouse/partner and other family supporters reported missed work and lost employment due to patients’ cancer. After adjustment, lower HRQoL and an increased odds of perceived financial burden among patients were associated with changes in other family supporters’ employment (both p < 0.05), but not with changes in spouses’/partners’ employment. Lower HRQoL was also associated with changes in patients’ own employment among patients with both types of supporters (both p < 0.001). An increased odds of perceived financial burden among patients was associated with changes in patients’ employment only in those supported by other family members (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Both spouse/partner and other family supporters faced adverse employment outcomes due to patients’ cancer. This contributes to worse HRQoL and greater perception of financial burden among patients, especially those whose supporter is not a spouse/partner.
How do possessiveness, nongenerosity and envy in young female consumers convert into shopping addiction?
Authors: Jhamb Deepika , Mittal Amit
Published: February 2022

The present age is witnessing a rise in materialism and its sub‐traits such as possessiveness, nongenerosity and envy. Combined with a marked increase in habitual shopping, this trend has resulted in some degree of shopping addiction. There are scant studies on contribution of materialistic tendencies of consumers towards shopping addiction; therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of the sub‐traits of materialism (possessiveness, nongenerosity and envy) on shopping addiction. The role of hedonic shopping motives and self‐efficacy as mediators was also investigated. Data for the study were derived by administering a structured questionnaire to 423 young female consumers from the northwest region of India. The structural equation modelling technique was used to empirically evaluate the proposed model. The results confirmed that the personality traits pertaining to materialism have a significant impact on hedonic shopping motives and self‐efficacy, potentially triggering shopping addiction in young female consumers. The findings offer fresh insights for academicians, researchers and market practitioners into the impact of the materialistic attitudes of young female consumers on their buying habits. This study is unique as it provides an unprecedented holistic view of factors predicting the materialistic behaviour of young female consumers in fast‐growing, emerging markets and its impact on their consumption behaviour.
Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in a real‐world pulmonary embolism population: Interim results of the FLASH registry
Authors: Toma Catalin , Bunte Matthew C. , Cho Kenneth H. , Jaber Wissam A. , Chambers Jeffrey , Stegman Brian , Gondi Sreedevi , Leung Daniel A. , Savin Michael , Khandhar Sameer , Kado Herman , Koenig Gerald , Weinberg Mitchell , Beasley Robert E. , Roberts Jon , Angel Wesley , Sarosi Michael G. , Qaqi Osama , Veerina Kalyan , Brown Michael A. , Pollak Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The FlowTriever All‐Comer Registry for Patient Safety and Hemodynamics (FLASH) is a prospective multi‐center registry evaluating the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a real‐world patient population (NCT03761173). This interim analysis reports outcomes for the first 250 patients enrolled in FLASH.

Background

High‐ and intermediate‐risk PEs are characterized by high mortality rates, frequent readmissions, and long‐term sequelae. Mechanical thrombectomy is emerging as a front‐line therapy for PE that enables immediate thrombus reduction while avoiding the bleeding risks inherent with thrombolytics.

Methods

The primary endpoint is a composite of major adverse events (MAE) including device‐related death, major bleeding, and intraprocedural device‐ or procedure‐related adverse events at 48 h. Secondary endpoints include on‐table changes in hemodynamics and longer‐term measures including dyspnea, heart rate, and cardiac function.

Results

Patients were predominantly intermediate‐risk per ESC guidelines (6.8% high‐risk, 93.2% intermediate‐risk). There were three MAEs (1.2%), all of which were major bleeds that resolved without sequelae, with no device‐related injuries, clinical deteriorations, or deaths at 48 h. All‐cause mortality was 0.4% at 30 days, with a single death that was unrelated to PE. Significant on‐table improvements in hemodynamics were noted, including an average reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure of 7.1 mmHg (22.2%, p < 0.001). Patient symptoms and cardiac function improved through follow‐up.

Conclusions

These interim results provide preliminary evidence of excellent safety in a real‐world PE population. Reported outcomes suggest that mechanical thrombectomy can result in immediate hemodynamic improvements, symptom reduction, and cardiac function recovery.
Bilateral basal ganglia infarction and bilateral thalamic lesions in sudanese pediatric patient with COVID‐19 and malaria co‐infection, a case report
Authors: Abdelrahim Abdalla Yassin , Abdalfdeel Almahie Shaban Mohannad , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Haroun Mazin S. , Eljack Moh. Mah. Fadelallah , Sidahmed Eltom Khalid , Sidahmed Elhassan Rasha
Published: February 2022

COVID‐19 is of uncommon diagnosis in pediatric with their presentation in much of time of a non‐specific entity; here, we experienced the case of a 2‐year‐old female with malaria presented with fever, cough, rhinorrhea, hemoptysis, and convulsion diagnosed as COVID‐19, complicated with encephalitis, received treatment, and improved over weeks.
Novel lead anchor technique using an active fixation quadripolar left ventricular lead in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Inamura Yukihiro , Inaba Osamu , Sato Akira , Nitta Junichi , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: February 2022

In this report, we present a case of successful advancement of a LV lead into tortuous vessels. This was achieved by deep engagement of the coronary sinus with a cannulation catheter by applying the anchor technique using the Medtronic Attain Stability Quad lead.
A case of acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis C during the course of adrenal Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Osuga Takahiro , Miyanishi Koji , Hamaguchi Kota , Tanaka Shingo , Ohnuma Hiroyuki , Murase Kazuyuki , Takada Kohichi , Kato Junji
Published: February 2022

A 50‐year‐old woman with adrenal Cushing's syndrome and chronic hepatitis C developed an acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis C before adrenectomy. After administration of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was started, her transaminase levels normalized promptly and a rapid virological response also was achieved. Laparoscopic left adrenectomy was then performed safely.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm mimicking the cause of gastric obstruction
Authors: Ishida Shinichi , Ihara Tsutomu
Published: February 2022

A case of abdominal aortic aneurysm appeared to be compression of the antrum of the stomach and was suspected of causing a gastric obstruction. However, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule out an obstruction by a tumor revealed a gastric tumor, thus avoiding unnecessary intervention, such as open surgery.
One‐Pot Chemical Protein Synthesis Utilizing Fmoc‐Masked Selenazolidine to Address the Redox Functionality of Human Selenoprotein F**
Authors: Zhao Zhenguang , Mousa Reem , Metanis Norman
Published: February 2022

Human SELENOF is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) selenoprotein that contains the redox active motif CXU (C is cysteine and U is selenocysteine), resembling the redox motif of thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductases (CXXC). Like other selenoproteins, the challenge in accessing SELENOF has somewhat limited its full biological characterization thus far. Here we present the one‐pot chemical synthesis of the thioredoxin‐like domain of SELENOF, highlighted by the use of Fmoc‐protected selenazolidine, native chemical ligations and deselenization reactions. The redox potential of the CXU motif, together with insulin turbidimetric assay suggested that SELENOF may catalyze the reduction of disulfides in misfolded proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SELENOF is not a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)‐like enzyme, as it did not enhance the folding of the two protein models; bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and hirudin. These studies suggest that SELENOF may be responsible for reducing the non‐native disulfide bonds of misfolded glycoproteins as part of the quality control system in the ER.
Repo‐Pak – Die Zukunft des Paketversands
Authors: Richter Lukas , Poppe Tom , Beeskow Philipp , Jaske Jonas , Neugebauer Paul
Published: February 2022

Kunststoffe sind vor allem als Verpackungen aus dem Alltag nicht wegzudenken. Die teilweise unkontrolliert in die Biosphäre gelangenden oder sonst zumeist verbrannten Abfälle stellen eine große Belastung des Ökosystems dar. Im Rahmen des 4. chemPLANT‐Wettbewerbs 2021 der kreativen jungen Verfahrensingenieure (kjVI) der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC) mit Fokus auf “Zirkuläre Wertschöpfung” präsentierten elf Teams aus acht Hochschulen moderne Recyclingverfahren. Das Team des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) überzeugte mit einer Kombination aus ganzheitlichem Recycling und nachhaltiger Produktentwicklung.
Simulation der MacGyver‐Idee gegen Schadstoffe
Authors: Keatley Rachel
Published: February 2022

Jeden Tag gelangen Mikroverunreinigungen in die Seen, Flüsse und Bäche der Welt. Viele herkömmliche Kläranlagen sind nicht in der Lage, diese potenziell gefährlichen chemischen Rückstände aus dem Abwasser zu entfernen. Eden Tech, ein Deeptech‐Unternehmen mit Sitz in Paris, Frankreich, setzt Multiphysik‐Simulationen ein, um ein Gerät zu entwickeln, das bei diesem Problem helfen kann.