bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broncoscopia no diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar em pacientes com baciloscopia de escarro negativa
Authors: Jacomelli Márcia , Silva Priscila Regina Alves Araújo , Rodrigues Ascedio Jose , Demarzo Sergio Eduardo , Seicento Márcia , Figueiredo Viviane Rossi
Published: December 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica da broncoscopia em pacientes com suspeita clínica ou radiológica de tuberculose, com baciloscopia negativa ou incapazes de produzir escarro. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal prospectivo de 286 pacientes com suspeita clínica/radiológica de tuberculose pulmonar e submetidos à broncoscopia - LBA e biópsia transbrônquica (BTB). As amostras de LBA foram testadas por pesquisas diretas e culturas de BAAR e de fungos, e as de BTB por exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Dos 286 pacientes estudados, a broncoscopia contribuiu para o diagnóstico em 225 (79%): tuberculose pulmonar em 127 (44%); inflamações crônicas inespecíficas em 51 (18%); pneumocistose, infecções fúngicas ou nocardiose em 20 (7%); bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização, alveolites ou pneumoconioses em 14 (5%); neoplasias pulmonares ou metastáticas em 7 (2%); e micobacterioses não tuberculosas em 6 (2%). Para o diagnóstico de tuberculose, o LBA mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 60% e 100% respectivamente, havendo um aumento importante da sensibilidade quando associado à biópsia (84%) e à baciloscopia após a broncoscopia (94%). Complicações controláveis decorrentes do procedimento ocorreram em 5,6% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: A broncoscopia representa um método diagnóstico confiável para pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar, apresentando baixos índices de complicações. A associação de biópsia transbrônquica ao lavado broncoalveolar elevou a sensibilidade diagnóstica do método e permitiu o diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças.
Angle Class II malocclusion treated with extraction of permanent teeth
Authors: Barreto Gustavo Mattos
Published: December 2013

Angle Class II malocclusion associated with anterior open bite in adult patients demands a carefully elaborated orthodontic planning, aiming at restoring not only harmonious dental and facial esthetics, but also a balanced masticatory function. Orthognathic surgery or permanent teeth extraction are often the choice of treatment, therefore, treatment decision is related to all dental, skeletal and functional aspects. The present report discusses orthodontic compensation carried out by means of upper premolar extraction performed to correct the Class II canine relationship and, consequently, the anterior open bite, accepting that the upper incisors be retroclined. This clinical case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements for obtaining the BBO Certification.
Mechanical properties of NiTi and CuNiTi shape-memory wires used in orthodontic treatment. Part 1: stress-strain tests
Authors: Gravina Marco Abdo , Brunharo Ione Helena Vieira Portella , Canavarro Cristiane , Elias Carlos Nelson , Quintão Cátia Cardoso Abdo
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare, through traction tests, eight types of superelastic and heat-activated NiTi archwires, by six trade companies (GAC, TP, Ormco, Masel, Morelli and Unitek) to those with addition of copper (CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC, Ormco). METHODS: The tests were performed in an EMIC mechanical testing machine, model DL10000, capacity of 10 tons, at the Military Institute of Engineering (IME). RESULTS: The results showed that, generally, heat-activated NiTi archwires presented slighter deactivation loadings in relation to superelastic. Among the archwires that presented deactivation loadings biologically more adequate are the heat-activated by GAC and by Unitek. Among the superelastic NiTi, the CuNiTi 27ºC by Ormco were the ones that presented slighter deactivation loadings, being statistically (ANOVA) similar, to the ones presented by the heat-activated NiTi archwires by Unitek. When compared the CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC archwires, it was observed that the 27ºC presented deactivation forces of, nearly, ⅓ of the presented by the 35ºC. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the CuNiTi 35ºC archwires presented deactivation loadings biologically less favorable in relation to the other heat-activated NiTi archwires, associated to lower percentage of deformation, on the constant baselines of deactivation, showing less adequate mechanical behavior, under traction, in relation to the other archwires.
Mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development in the treatment of Class II, division 1, malocclusion using Balters Bionator according to the skeletal maturation
Authors: Santos-Pinto Paulo Roberto dos , Martins Lídia Parsekian , Santos-Pinto Ary dos , Gandini Júnior Luiz Gonzaga , Raveli Dirceu Barnabé , Santos-Pinto Cristiane Celli Matheus dos
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the skeletal maturation in the mandibular and dentoalveolar growth and development during the Class II, division 1, malocclusion correction with Balters bionator. METHODS: Three groups of children with Class II, division 1, malocclusion were evaluated. Two of them were treated for one year with the bionator of Balters appliance in different skeletal ages (Group 1: 6 children, 7 to 8 years old and Group 2: 10 children, 9 to 10 years old) and the other one was followed without treatment (Control Group: 7 children, 8 to 9 years old). Lateral 45 degree cephalometric radiographs were used for the evaluation of the mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development. Tantalum metallic implants were used as fixed and stable references for radiograph superimposition and data acquisition. Student's t test was used in the statistical analysis of the displacement of the points in the condyle, ramus, mandibular base and dental points. Analysis of variance one-fixed criteria was used to evaluate group differences (95% of level of significance). RESULTS: The intragroup evaluation showed that all groups present significant skeletal growth for all points analyzed (1.2 to 3.7 mm), but in an intergroup comparison, the increment of the mandibular growth in the condyle, ramus and mandibular base were not statically different. For the dentoalveolar modifications, the less mature children showed greater labial inclination of the lower incisors (1.86 mm) and the most mature children showed greater first permanent molar extrusion (4.8 mm).
Anatomical evaluation of the cervical vertebrae of Wistar rats by means of digital radiographs and its correlation with the maturation stages of human cervical vertebrae
Authors: Matsui Roberto Hiroshi , Castilho Julio Cezar de Melo , Moraes Luiz César de , Gomes Mônica Fernandes , Faltin Júnior Kurt , Matsui Miriam Yumi
Published: December 2013

INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.
Effect of moisture on dental enamel in the interaction of two orthodontic bonding systems
Authors: Bertoz André Pinheiro de Magalhães , Oliveira Derly Tescaro Narcizo de , Gimenez Carla Maria Melleiro , Briso André Luiz Fraga , Bertoz Francisco Antonio , Santos Eduardo César Almada
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the remaining adhesive interface after debonding orthodontic attachments bonded to bovine teeth with the use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic primers under different dental substrate moisture conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty mandibular incisors were divided into four groups (n=5). In Group I, bracket bonding was performed with Transbond MIP hydrophilic primer and Transbond XT adhesive paste applied to moist substrate, and in Group II a bonding system comprising Transbond XT hydrophobic primer and adhesive paste was applied to moist substrate. Brackets were bonded to the specimens in Groups III and IV using the same adhesive systems, but on dry dental enamel. The images were qualitatively assessed by SEM. RESULTS: The absence of moisture in etched enamel enabled better interaction between bonding materials and the adamantine structure. The hydrophobic primer achieved the worst micromechanical interlocking results when applied to a moist dental structure, whereas the hydrophilic system proved versatile, yielding acceptable results in moist conditions and excellent interaction in the absence of contamination. CONCLUSION: The authors assert that the best condition for the application of primers to dental enamel occurs in the absence of moisture.
Morphometric evaluation of condylar cartilage of growing rats in response to mandibular retractive forces
Authors: Sá Milena Peixoto Nogueira de , Zanoni Jacqueline Nelisis , Salles Carlos Luiz Fernandes de , Souza Fabrício Dias de , Suga Uhana Seifert Guimarães , Terada Raquel Sano Suga
Published: December 2013

INTRODUCTION: The mandibular condylar surface is made up of four layers, i.e., an external layer composed of dense connective tissue, followed by a layer of undifferentiated cells, hyaline cartilage and bone. Few studies have demonstrated the behavior of the condylar cartilage when the mandible is positioned posteriorly, as in treatments for correcting functional Class III malocclusion. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the morphologic and histological aspects of rat condyles in response to posterior positioning of the mandible. METHODS: Thirty five-week-old male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups: A control group (C) and an experimental group (E) which received devices for inducing mandibular retrusion. The animals were euthanized at time intervals of 7, 21 and 30 days after the experiment had began. For histological analysis, total condylar thickness was measured, including the proliferative, hyaline and hypertrophic layers, as well as each layer separately, totaling 30 measurements for each parameter of each animal. RESULTS: The greatest difference in cartilage thickness was observed in 21 days, although different levels were observed in the other periods. Group E showed an increase of 39.46% in the total layer, reflected by increases in the thickness of the hypertrophic (42.24%), hyaline (46.92%) and proliferative (17.70%) layers. CONCLUSIONS: Posteriorly repositioning the mandible produced a series of histological and morphological responses in the condyle, suggesting condylar and mandibular adaptation in rats.
Sexting and the law in Canada
Authors: Slane Andrea
Published: December 2013

The author discusses the current state of Canadian legal approaches to sexting, and the conceptual difficulties that continue to trouble the search for appropriate legal responses to malicious forms of sexting. By examining the underlying justifications for existing and proposed criminal offences – child pornography and non-consensual distribution of intimate images – as well as the wrongs that undergird private law causes of action like “publication of private facts” and “intentional infliction of emotional distress,” the author aims to clarify what sorts of acts of sexting are or should be considered wrongful in a legal sense. Clarifying the wrongs at issue also serves to clarify the rights of victims at issue when sexting is used to inflict harm on another person: namely, that we all have a right to both protection from sexual victimization and from undue interference with sexual expression.
Alkylation of Thiophenic Compounds with 1-Hexene over Sulfonated Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Yu Yingmin , Li Ruying , Li Qingsong
Published: December 2013

Three kinds of carriers were utilised to prepare the corresponding sulfonated solid acid catalysts for the alkylation of two different thiophenic compounds (3-methylthiophene and 3-butylthiophene) with 1-hexene. Though the activity of the sulfonated solid acid catalysts was somewhat lower than that of liquid sulfuric acid, the solid acid catalysts had significant advantages in their easy separation, good recycling, selectivity and performance on reuse.
N-Phenyl-1-methyl-6-methylenecyclohexa-2,4-dienylmethanimine retro cheletropic-ene reaction, a theoretical kinetic study
Authors: Izadyar M.
Published: December 2013

Structural and kinetic aspects of the retro-cheletropic ene reactions of N-phenyl-1-methyl-6-methylenecyclohexa-2,4-dienylmethanimine (R) and its deuterated derivative were investigated using a variety of computational methods. Theoretical calculations were carried out with DFT methods at the B3LYP and M06 levels of theory, using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Vibrational frequency analysis confirmed the stationary states including the transition state (TSs) structures. The mechanistic studies on the retro-cheletropic ene processes rejected the stepwise mechanism and confirmed a five-membered cyclic TS for the reaction. The conversion of the reactant to the products proceeds through an asynchronous concerted mechanism. Theoretical calculations indicate that the reaction displays a primary kinetic isotope effect of 8.75 at 417 K. Calculated activation parameters, especially M06 results, are in good agreement with the experimental data. The natures of bond making and breaking during the reactions have been investigated using the concepts of donor–acceptor, electron charge density and Laplacian in NBO and AIM methods, respectively.
First-principles kinetics of n-octyl radicals
Authors: Ratkiewicz Artur
Published: December 2013

Kinetics of the isomerisation and unimolecular degradation of n-octyl radicals have been studied with the reaction class transition state theory (RC-TST) method. To explore the kinetics of the 1,7-H migration reactions family, the accurate high-pressure limits of the rate constants for the reference reaction of this class (1-heptyl → 1-heptyl) have been calculated. Finally, both the achievements reported in this paper and previous developments are employed to obtain theoretical branching ratios of intramolecular H-transfers and unimolecular degradations of all possible n-octyl radicals; the results are in satisfactory agreement when compared to experiment. The application of the rates obtained to the simulation of a simple reactor is also reported.
Properties of Thermosets Derived from Chemically Modified Triglycerides and Bio-Based Comonomers
Authors: Beach Evan , Cui Zheng , Anastas Paul , Zhan Mingjiang , Wool Richard
Published: December 2013

A series of materials was prepared by curing acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and dibutyl itaconate (DBI) or ethyl cinnamate (EC) comonomers to provide examples of thermosets with a high proportion of bio-based carbon, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. The comonomers, representative of cellulose-derived (DBI) or potentially lignin-derived (EC) raw materials, were tested at levels of 25%, 33%, and 50% by mass and the resulting products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Both DBI and EC were incorporated into the thermosets to a high extent (>90%) at all concentrations tested. The AESO-DBI and AESO-EC blends showed substantial degradation at 390–400 °C, similar to pure AESO. Glass transition temperatures decreased as comonomer content increased; the highest Tg of 41.4 °C was observed for AESO-EC (3:1) and the lowest Tg of 1.4 °C was observed for AESO-DBI (1:1). Accordingly, at 30 °C the storage modulus values were highest for AESO-EC (3:1, 37.0 MPa) and lowest for AESO-DBI (1:1, 1.5 MPa).
Long Non-Coding RNAs Embedded in the Rb and p53 Pathways
Authors: Subramanian Murugan , Jones Matthew , Lal Ashish
Published: December 2013

In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained significant attention as a novel class of gene regulators. Although a small number of lncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms including transcriptional regulation, mRNA splicing and translation, the physiological function and mechanism of action of the vast majority are not known. Profiling studies in cell lines and tumor samples have suggested a potential role of lncRNAs in cancer. Indeed, distinct lncRNAs have been shown to be embedded in the p53 and Rb networks, two of the major tumor suppressor pathways that control cell cycle progression and survival. Given the fact that inactivation of Rb and p53 is a hallmark of human cancer, in this review we discuss recent evidence on the function of lncRNAs in the Rb and p53 signaling pathways.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hu Brian , Rochefort Holly , Goldkorn Amir
Published: December 2013

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide a non-invasive, repeatable snapshot of an individual patient’s tumor. In prostate cancer, CTC enumeration has been extensively studied and validated as a prognostic tool and has received FDA clearance for use in monitoring advanced disease. More recently, CTC analysis has been shifting from enumeration to more sophisticated molecular characterization of captured cells, which serve as a “liquid biopsy” of the tumor, reflecting molecular changes in an individual’s malignancy over time. Here we will review the main CTC studies in advanced and localized prostate cancer, highlighting the important gains as well as the challenges posed by various approaches, and their implications for advancing prostate cancer management.
Graphene and Graphene Nanomesh Spintronics
Authors: Haruyama Junji
Published: December 2013

Spintronics, which manipulate spins but not electron charge, are highly valued as energy and thermal dissipationless systems. A variety of materials are challenging the realization of spintronic devices. Among those, graphene, a carbon mono-atomic layer, is very promising for efficient spin manipulation and the creation of a full spectrum of beyond-CMOS spin-based nano-devices. In the present article, the recent advancements in graphene spintronics are reviewed, introducing the observation of spin coherence and the spin Hall effect. Some research has reported the strong spin coherence of graphene. Avoiding undesirable influences from the substrate are crucial. Magnetism and spintronics arising from graphene edges are reviewed based on my previous results. In spite of carbon-based material with only sp2 bonds, the zigzag-type atomic structure of graphene edges theoretically produces spontaneous spin polarization of electrons due to mutual Coulomb interaction of extremely high electron density of states (edge states) localizing at the flat energy band. We fabricate honeycomb-like arrays of low-defect hexagonal nanopores (graphene nanomeshes; GNMs) on graphenes, which produce a large amount of zigzag pore edges, by using a nonlithographic method (nanoporous alumina templates) and critical temperature annealing under high vacuum and hydrogen atmosphere. We observe large-magnitude ferromagnetism, which arises from polarized spins localizing at the hydrogen-terminated zigzag-nanopore edges of the GNMs, even at room temperature. Moreover, spin pumping effects are found for magnetic fields applied in parallel with the few-layer GNM planes. Strong spin coherence and spontaneously polarized edge spins of graphene can be expected to lead to novel spintronics with invisible, flexible, and ultra-light (wearable) features.
Slotted Blades Savonius Wind Turbine Analysis by CFD
Authors: Alaimo Andrea , Esposito Antonio , Milazzo Alberto , Orlando Calogero , Trentacosti Flavio
Published: December 2013

In this paper a new bucket configuration for a Savonius wind generator is proposed. Numerical analyses are performed to estimate the performances of the proposed configuration by means of the commercial code COMSOL Multiphysics® with respect to Savonius wind turbine with overlap only. Parametric analyses are performed, for a fixed overlap ratio, by varying the slot position; the results show that for slot positioned near the blade root, the Savonius rotor improves performances at low tip speed ratio, evidencing a better starting torque. This circumstance is confirmed by static analyses performed on the slotted blades in order to investigate the starting characteristic of the proposed Savonius wind generator configuration.
Effect of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in a Wind Farm on AC Tie-Line Power Oscillations of Interconnected Power Systems
Authors: Tan Jin , Hu Weihao , Wang Xiaoru , Chen Zhe
Published: December 2013

This paper describes a frequency domain approach for evaluating the impact of tower shadow and wind shear effects (TSWS) on tie-line power oscillations. A simplified frequency domain model of an interconnected power system with a wind farm is developed. The transfer function, which relates the tie-line power variation to the mechanical power variation of a wind turbine, and the expression of the maximum magnitude of tie-line power oscillations are derived to identify the resonant condition and evaluate the potential risk. The effects of the parameters on the resonant magnitude of the tie-line power are also discussed. The frequency domain analysis reveals that TSWS can excite large tie-line power oscillations if the frequency of TSWS approaches the tie-line resonant frequency, especially in the case that the wind farm is integrated into a relatively small grid and the tie-line of the interconnected system is weak. Furthermore, the results of the theoretical analysis are validated through time domain simulations conducted in the two-area four-generator system and the Western Electric Coordinating Council 127 bus system.
Antitumor Mechanisms of Amino Acid Hydroxyurea Derivatives in the Metastatic Colon Cancer Model
Authors: Šaban Nina , Stepanić Višnja , Vučinić Srđan , Horvatić Anita , Cindrić Mario , Perković Ivana , Zorc Branka , Oršolić Nada , Mintas Mladen , Pavelić Krešimir , Pavelić Sandra
Published: December 2013

The paper presents a detailed study of the biological effects of two amino acid hydroxyurea derivatives that showed selective antiproliferative effects in vitro on the growth of human tumor cell line SW620. Tested compounds induced cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis. Proteins were identified by proteomics analyses using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, which provided a complete insight into the most probable mechanism of action on the protein level. Molecular targets for tested compounds were analyzed by cheminformatics tools. Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases were identified as potential targets responsible for the observed antiproliferative effect.
Smad3 Deficiency Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrogenesis through the Expression of Senescence Marker Protein-30, an Antioxidant-Related Protein
Authors: Jeong Da-Hee , Hwang Meeyul , Park Jin-Kyu , Goo Moon-Jung , Hong Il-Hwa , Ki Mi-Ran , Ishigami Akihito , Kim Ah-Young , Lee Eun-Mi , Lee Eun-Joo , Jeong Kyu-Shik
Published: December 2013

Smad3 is a key mediator of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathway that plays central role in inflammation and fibrosis. In present study, we evaluated the effect of Smad3 deficiency in Smad3−/− mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. The animals were received CCl4 or olive oil three times a week for 4 weeks. Histopathological analyses were performed to evaluate the fibrosis development in the mice. Alteration of protein expression controlled by Smad3 was examined using a proteomic analysis. CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was rarely detected in Smad3−/− mice compared to Smad3+/+. Proteomic analysis revealed that proteins related to antioxidant activities such as senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), selenium-binding proteins (SP56) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were up-regulated in Smad3−/− mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that SMP30 protein expression was increased in Smad3−/− mice. And SMP30 levels were decreased in CCl4-treated Smad3+/+ and Smad3−/− mice. These results indicate that Smad3 deficiency influences the proteins level related to antioxidant activities during early liver fibrosis. Thus, we suggest that Smad3 deteriorate hepatic injury by inhibitor of antioxidant proteins as well as mediator of TGF-β1 signaling.
Phenolic Esters of O-Desmethylvenlafaxine with Improved Oral Bioavailability and Brain Uptake
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Yan , Zhao Sen , Yang Zhichao , Yang Hong , Fawcett J. Paul , Li Youxin , Gu Jingkai , Sun Tiemin
Published: December 2013

O-Desmethylvenlafaxine (desvenlafaxine, ODV) is a recently approved antidepressant which in some clinical studies failed to meet a satisfactory end-point. The aim of this study was to prepare a series of phenolic esters of ODV and evaluate their potential as ODV prodrugs with improved brain uptake. Fifteen phenolic esters (compounds 1a–o) were synthesized and their pharmacokinetic profiles evaluated in rat. The four compounds producing the highest relative bioavailability of ODV in rat (compounds 1c, 1e, 1n, 1o) were then studied to evaluate their brain uptake. Of these four compounds, compound 1n (the piperonylic acid ester of ODV) demonstrated the highest Cmax of ODV both in the rat hypothalamus and total brain. Finally the pharmacokinetics of 1n were evaluated in beagle dog where the increase in relative bioavailability of ODV was found to be as great as in rat. This high relative bioavailability of ODV coupled with its good brain penetration make 1n the most promising candidate for development as an ODV prodrug.
Sodium Valproate Induces Cell Senescence in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells
Authors: An Hong-Mei , Xue Yong-Fei , Shen Yan-Li , Du Qin , Hu Bing
Published: December 2013

Hepatocarcinogenesis is associated with epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). Epigenetic modulation by HDAC inhibition is a potentially valuable approach for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. In present study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of sodium valproate (SVP), a known HDAC inhibitor, in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results showed SVP inhibited the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Low dose SVP treatment caused a large and flat morphology change, positive SA-β-gal staining, and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Low dose SVP treatment also increased acetylation of histone H3 and H4 on p21 promoter, accompanied by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of RB phosphorylation. These observations suggested that a low dose of SVP could induce cell senescence in hepatocarcinoma cells, which might correlate with hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4, up-regulation of p21, and inhibition of RB phosphorylation. Since the effective concentration inducing cell senescence in hepatocarcinoma cells is clinically available, whether a clinical dose of SVP could induce cell senescence in clinical hepatocarcinoma is worthy of further study.
An Environmentally Ineffective Way to Increase Resource Productivity: Evidence from the Italian Case on Transferring the Burden Abroad
Authors: Marra Campanale Renato , Femia Aldo
Published: December 2013

Policy has so far not taken full advantage of the tools offered by the “material flows” school of thought. Resource Productivity (RP) is amongst the normative concepts currently popular among policy makers the nearest one to Material Input Per Service unit (MIPS). However, the RP concept falls substantially short of the MIPS idea, as it puts resource use in relation to the monetary value of production, while MIPS makes reference to services actually delivered by the products. Moreover, the indicator currently used by the European Commission for monitoring RP lacks in life-cycle perspective, which is essential in the MIPS concept. The present paper illustrates, by using Italian case evidence, some of the current RP indicator shortcomings and it discusses a possible alternative, by introducing the life-cycle perspective. In Italy, RP has grown faster than both energy and labour productivity since 1980. This apparently shows that Italy is moving in the right direction. However, a deeper and more extensive analysis regarding the country’s natural resource requirements is necessary before a conclusion can be drawn about the sustainability of the Italian socio-economic process. Therefore, on the one hand we disaggregate material consumption (i.e., the denominator of RP) into its components; on the other hand we extend the analysis to overall material requirements, including indirect material flows associated with international trade. These analyses, although limited to used materials (i.e., to resource requirements in Raw Material Equivalents), demonstrate that the Italian success in increasing RP is largely due to the transferring abroad of material flows and ecological burden.
Design and Test of a Biosensor-Based Multisensorial System: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Santonico Marco , Pennazza Giorgio , Grasso Simone , D'Amico Arnaldo , Bizzarri Mariano
Published: December 2013

Sensors are often organized in multidimensional systems or networks for particular applications. This is facilitated by the large improvements in the miniaturization process, power consumption reduction and data analysis techniques nowadays possible. Such sensors are frequently organized in multidimensional arrays oriented to the realization of artificial sensorial systems mimicking the mechanisms of human senses. Instruments that make use of these sensors are frequently employed in the fields of medicine and food science. Among them, the so-called electronic nose and tongue are becoming more and more popular. In this paper an innovative multisensorial system based on sensing materials of biological origin is illustrated. Anthocyanins are exploited here as chemical interactive materials for both quartz microbalance (QMB) transducers used as gas sensors and for electrodes used as liquid electrochemical sensors. The optical properties of anthocyanins are well established and widely used, but they have never been exploited as sensing materials for both gas and liquid sensors in non-optical applications. By using the same set of selected anthocyanins an integrated system has been realized, which includes a gas sensor array based on QMB and a sensor array for liquids made up of suitable Ion Sensitive Electrodes (ISEs). The arrays are also monitored from an optical point of view. This embedded system, is intended to mimic the working principles of the nose, tongue and eyes. We call this setup BIONOTE (for BIOsensor-based multisensorial system for mimicking NOse, Tongue and Eyes). The complete design, fabrication and calibration processes of the BIONOTE system are described herein, and a number of preliminary results are discussed. These results are relative to: (a) the characterization of the optical properties of the tested materials; (b) the performance of the whole system as gas sensor array with respect to ethanol, hexane and isopropyl alcohol detection (concentration range 0.1–7 ppm) and as a liquid sensor array (concentration range 73–98 μM).
Les choix d’activité des mères de jeunes enfants favorisés par le CLCA [Une analyse par cas types des conséquences financières sur le cycle de vie]
Authors: Chauffaut Delphine , Pucci Muriel
Published: December 2013

A number of women either stop or reduce their professional activity due to a birth of a child. The object of this paper is to analyze the financial effects of these choices on the standard of living of the family, not only at the moment of the birth, but also afterwards, up until the retirement. Based on typical cases, an analysis covering the entire fictional life cycle is carried out. On the one hand, it shows that the reduction or interruption of activity are well compensated by the social protection system, notably by the CLCA, irrespective of household income. On the other hand, in the frequent cases where this period is followed by unemployment, part-time work, or salary reduction, the impact on the income level is more significant.
Durée d’une interruption de carrière à la suite d’une naissance : impact sur les salaires [L’exemple de la réforme de l’APE ]
Authors: Lequien Laurent
Published: December 2013

After childbirth, many women withdraw from the labor market longer than the statutory maternity leave. This article shows that the duration of these temporary withdrawals has a negative impact on the wage received after the return to work. It also quantifies the magnitude of this effect. We exploit a French policy which gives financial incentives to take parental leave. This policy was at first targeted towards parents of a third-born child. We use the extension to parents of a second-born child in 1994 as an exogenous shock on parental leave duration. Two administrative datasets provide us with information on wages and family background from 1976 to 2005. We first show that this reform did induce many mothers to withdraw from the labor market in the 3 years following the birth. We then turn to career development after the return to work : estimations in double differences suggest that interruption duration has a negative causal impact on wages after the return to work. Part of this wage loss could be due to a decrease in the number of hours worked per day.
Trajectoires professionnelles des mères [Quels effets des arrêts et réductions d’activité ?]
Authors: Domingo Pauline , Marc Céline
Published: December 2013

FRE: Naissance enfant , Travail des femmes , Congé parental
Des assistantes maternelles mieux formées et plus qualifiées. Les parents consentiraient-ils à augmenter la rémunération ?
Authors: Fagnani Jeanne , Math Antoine
Published: December 2013

The licensed childminders recently benefited from measures which have resulted in some improvement in their status and working conditions. Against a background of high demand for this childcare arrangement, the issue of additional training has been brought to the fore by public authorities, to enhance the profession’s status and make it more attractive. However, these measures would be effective only if they go hand in hand with a prospect of higher earnings. But in a context of budgetary constraints, it means that the costs to parents would increase. Interviews carried out with childminders suggested that they aresceptical about parents’ willingness to pay. A survey among a representative sample of parents living in the Val-de-Marne region who are currently relying on a childminder was performed. Only a third of them would be willing to pay more for the services of more qualified and better trained childminders. Higher income, higher number of mothers’ working hours and perceptions of childminder as a profession characterize this group of parents.
Les publics des établissements d’accueil du jeune enfant. Logiques et conditions d’accès des familles en difficulté
Authors: Ruffiot Amédine , Candiago Philippe , Moreira Marina
Published: December 2013

FRE: EAJE, Accueil des publics , Politique petite enfance
Inégalités d’éducation et de position sociale au sein des fratries.
Authors: Wolff François-Charles
Published: December 2013

Cet article propose un éclairage empirique sur les inégalités d’éducation et de position sociale qui peuvent exister au sein des fratries sur la base des enquêtes Patrimoine 1998 et 2004 de l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. Si l’appartenance à une fratrie de grande taille réduit le niveau éducatif des enfants, elle est sans effet sur la position sociale à éducation donnée. L’application d’une décomposition de variance révèle que les inégalités dans le niveau moyen d’éducation des fratries excèdent largement les inégalités de diplôme qui peuvent exister entre les frères et les soeurs. S’il en est de même, mais à un degré moindre pour la position sociale, les inégalités intrafamiliales apparaissent plus importantes en France en termes de trajectoire professionnelle qu’en termes de diplôme. Il apparaît toutefois très difficile de comprendre les écarts dans la réussite individuelle observés au sein des fratries.
Politiques sociales du handicap et politiques d’insertion : continuités, innovations, convergences.
Authors: Bertrand Louis
Published: December 2013

This article aims to investigate the similarities between social policies on disability and integration policies. The similarities are particularly noticeable at an organisational level, especially after the changes brought about by the Law of 2005 for equal rights and opportunities, the participation and citizenship of disabled individuals. However, differences can be observed ; the status of beneficiaries and their organisations, a more advanced single-window system and the organisation role of a central authority. Recently, reflection on the employability of individuals receiving disabled adults benefits, which aims to encourage the employment of the latter, putting an end to the benefits they receive, seem to be an early indication of new similarities between these policies.
Rapports aux loisirs et pratiques des adolescents
Authors: Céroux Benoît , Crépin Christiane
Published: December 2013

FRE: Loisirs , Adolescents , Pratiques culturelles.
Le non-recours, entre accès aux droits... et restriction des droits. Colloque organisé le 12 mars 2012 à l’université Paris 2 par le Centre d’études et de recherches de sciences administratives et politiques
Authors: Kesteman Nadia
Published: December 2013

FRE: Accès aux droits , Non-recours , Fraude sociale.
Les inégalités et la crise en Europe. Colloque international organisé le 6 avril 2012 à l’université Paris 8 Vincennes – Saint-Denis
Authors: Rio Cédric
Published: December 2013

FRE: Inégalité , Crise , Europe.
Politique familiale et fécondité en Norvège : une question de genre et de classe sociale
Authors: Lise Ellingsæter Anne , Pedersen Eirin
Published: December 2013

Family policy and fertility in Norway : a gender and class perspective.

What importance do young adults attribute to family policy arrangements in the choice about having children ? Does family policy feature differently in the reasoning among women and men and across social classes ? This qualitative study of 90 young adults in Norway finds that contrary to common expectations, young adults consider family policy arrangements being of little impact on their own choice to have a child. But this apparent insignificance paradoxically may be the strongest evidence of how crucial it actually is. The policy arrangements are being taken for granted, ingrained in young adults’ horizon of expectations : Welfare state arrangements constitute a key foundation of the organisation of parenthood, based on a dual earner provider model.
La raison démographique dans les réformes de politiques familiales en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Salles Anne , Letablier Marie-Thérèse
Published: December 2013

Les réformes récentes des politiques familiales ont été souvent justifiées par la nécessité de répondre aux nouveaux défis démographiques. Au-delà des enjeux liés à la croissance démographique, les politiques de population incluent désormais des enjeux sociaux plus larges comme, par exemple, la nécessité de venir en aide aux parents de jeunes enfants pour qu’ils combinent une activité professionnelle avec des responsabilités familiales. Comment les réformes des politiques familiales intègrent-elles ces nouveaux enjeux ? En quels termes ces questions sont-elles débattues ? Quelles mesures ont été prises, et pour quels résultats ? Telles sont les questions abordées ici à partir d’une confrontation entre deux pays contrastés du point de vue de leur niveau de fécondité, de la participation des femmes au marché du travail et de leurs politiques de soutien aux parents qui travaillent. L’article examine en premier lieu la place des enjeux démographiques dans les réformes des politiques familiales en Allemagne et en France au cours de la dernière décennie. Il explore ensuite en quoi ont consisté ces réformes, quels sont les principes qui les ont inspirées, et les mesures qui ont été privilégiées. Enfin, les résultats de ces réformes sont discutés, non seulement par rapport à leurs objectifs explicites mais aussi à leurs conséquences non prévues.
Politique familiale et employabilité des jeunes
Authors: Crépin Christiane
Published: December 2013

FRE: Politique familiale, Jeunes, Employabilité
Impact redistributif des équipements de la politique familiale : éléments de réflexion
Authors: Crépin Christiane
Published: December 2013

FRE: Politique familiale, Redistribution, Équipements sociaux
Dynamiques professionnelles : du revenu minimum d’insertion au revenu de solidarité active
Authors: Bouchoux Jacques , Houzel Yvette , Outin Jean-Luc
Published: December 2013

À partir d’une enquête de la Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques, réalisée en juin 2006, auprès d’un échantillon d’allocataires du revenu minimum d’insertion de décembre 2004, trois logiques principales d’intervention du dispositif sont distinguées : revenu de subsistance, complément salarial et allocation chômage. Cette pluralité s’accompagne d’une hétérogénéité des bénéficiaires et de la pluralité de leurs trajectoires. En complétant l’information à l’aide des données tirées de l’échantillon national interrégimes des allocataires de minima sociaux, l’observation est prolongée jusqu’en décembre 2011 afin de caractériser le devenir de ces allocataires et leur accès éventuel au revenu de solidarité active. Plus généralement, la fragilité des transitions professionnelles observée pour une partie importante de la population interroge les formes d’intervention mises en oeuvre.
Les trajectoires de perception du RSA
Authors: Fernandez Violaine , Domingo Pauline
Published: December 2013

The article offers an analysis of the paths taken to gain access to RSA looking at fluctuations experienced by benefit recipients over the course of one year, whether within the benefit scheme (change in RSA components and/ or changes in the amounts paid) or external to it (fluctuations in people entering or leaving the scheme). These paths may be classified into six categories, marked by the steady payment of income support for the same component, by a lack of stability in the scheme, or by people leaving the scheme. The different paths taken relate to the distinctly different conditions surrounding people''s integration into employment.
Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires du RSA soumis aux droits et devoirs
Authors: Siguret Isabelle
Published: December 2013

FRE: RSA,Bénéficiaires, Droits et devoirs, @RSA
A simple SDS‐PAGE protein pattern from pitcher secretions as a new tool to distinguish Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae)
Authors: Biteau Flore , Nisse Estelle , Miguel Sissi , Hannewald Paul , Bazile Vincent , Gaume Laurence , Mignard Benoit , Hehn Alain , Bourgaud Frederic
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Carnivorous plants have always fascinated scientists because these plants are able to attract, capture, and digest animal prey using their remarkable traps that contain digestive secretions. Nepenthes is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with 120 species described thus far. Despite an outstanding diversity of trap designs, many species are often confused with each other and remain difficult to classify because they resemble pitchers or of the occurrence of interspecific hybrids.

• Methods: Here, we propose a new method to easily distinguish Nepenthes species based on a SDS PAGE protein pattern analysis of their pitcher secretions. Intraspecific comparisons were performed among specimens growing in different environmental conditions to ascertain the robustness of this method.

• Key results: Our results show that, at the juvenile stage and in the absence of prey in the pitcher, an examined species is characterized by a specific and stable profile, whatever the environmental conditions.

• Conclusions: The method we describe here can be used as a reliable tool to easily distinguish between Nepenthes species and to help with potential identification based on the species‐specific protein pattern of their pitcher secretions, which is complementary to the monograph information.
Categorías de combatientes y su armamento en el aragón bajomedieval: la guerra de los Dos Pedros (1356-1366)
Authors: Lafuente Gómez Mario
Published: December 2013

En este artículo, se analizan algunas de las condiciones técnicas en las que se desarrolló la guerra de los Dos Pedros, conflicto que enfrentó a las monarquías aragonesa y castellana entre 1356 y 1366. Para ello, se presenta una definición de las principales categorías de combatientes integradas en el ejército aragonés y, seguidamente, se ofrece una detallada descripción del equipamiento asociado a cada una de ellas. La tesis general sobre la que se apoya el trabajo entiende que, desde el punto de vista técnico, la guerra de los Dos Pedros se sitúa en los albores de la llamada revolución militar, ya que, durante este conflicto, se manifestaron en paralelo formas y técnicas de combate tradicionales, como el asedio de las fortificaciones y las cabalgadas, junto a ciertos elementos que preludiaban ya la praxis de la guerra moderna, entre los que cabe destacar el uso de la pólvora.
Reproduciendo acero de crisol: una guía práctica y un análisis comparativo con manuscritos persas
Authors: Moshtagh Khorasani Manouchehr , Hynninen Niko
Published: December 2013

Los antiguos manuscritos persas, tales como Ta’id Besârat, emplean diversos términos para definir y referirse al acero de crisol o acero de Damasco y a diversos tipos de espada. Sin embargo, existen pocos manuscritos que describan el modo en que se elaboraban los lingotes y hojas de acero de crisol, entre ellos el manuscrito Gŏharnâme. El presente artículo describe el proceso de elaboración del acero de crisol tal y como lo refieren los manuscritos persas, así como una moderna reproducción del mismo realizada por el forjador finlandés Niko Hynninen.
Cutaneous horn malignant melanoma
Authors: Nishida Haruto , Daa Tsutomu , Kashima Kenji , Arakane Motoki , Shimada Hiromitsu , Goto Mizuki , Kai Yoshitaka , Hatano Yutaka , Okamoto Osamu , Yokoyama Shigeo
Published: December 2013

A 73-year-old Japanese woman presented with cutaneous horn on the right cheek. The resected tumor was 9 mm in diameter, with 14 mm protrusion, and showed exophytic growth with marked papillomatosis. Histopathology showed proliferation of atypical melanocytes with melanin pigments in the epidermis and dermis under the cutaneous horn. These cells were confined to the base of the cutaneous horn, and did not spread to the surrounding epidermis. The final diagnosis was cutaneous horn malignant melanoma. This pathological entity is considered a specific form of verrucous melanoma, and might be added to the list of cutaneous horn-forming lesions.