bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of L-thyroxine, a Human Serum Albumin Natural Ligand, on the Kinetics of β-amyloid Peptide Fibril Formation
Authors: Litus E. A. , Nemashkalova E. L. , Vologzhannikova A. A. , Deryusheva E. I.
Published: November 2023

Ligands of human serum albumin (HSA) are capable of modulating its interaction with β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). L-thyroxine (L-Tr), a natural HSA ligand, is associated with the pathogenesis of AD according to epidemiological and animal model studies. In this work, we studied the kinetics of Aβ fibril formation in the presence of L-Tr and HSA using a fluorescent test with thioflavin T. L-Tr had no significant effect on the inhibitory effect of HSA on fibril growth. At the same time, L-Tr itself had an inhibitory effect similar to that of HSA. Our data can partially explain the relationship between AD and thyroid pathologies.
Influence of Etomersol Fumarate on Cognitive Functions of Rats During Mercury Acetate Poisoning
Authors: Shchepetkova K. M. , Batotsyrenova E. G. , Shustov E. B. , Kashuro V. A. , Sharabanov A. V. , Ramenskaya N. P.
Published: November 2023

Research into the consequences of human exposure to heavy metals acquires particular significance in the context of life and working age prolongation. Such consequences can be manifested either in the form of selective damage to any organ, organ system or function, or in the form of a general violation of the functions of a number of systems and organs and the organism as a whole, in the form of “disintegration of functions”. In this work, we set out to study the neuroprotective effect of etomerzol fumarate after a subchronic low-dose administration of mercury acetate to Wistar rats. After an intragastric administration of an aqueous solution of mercury acetate at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 30 days, a violation of the learning process was identified in an active avoidance by swimming test. The use of the test substance at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg for 14 days had a positive effect on the long-term memory of animals, contributing to the preservation and reproduction of mercury information received.
Clinical Course and Therapy Methods of Aquagenic Urticaria
Authors: Kudelina O. M. , Gantsgorn E. V. , Maklyakov Yu. S. , Tkachenko D. L. , Avakyan L. A. , Chubyreva P. A. , Amirova Y. G. , Karpova Yu. A. , Dulskaya A. N. , Meshi I. B.
Published: November 2023

Aquagenic urticaria is one of the rarest forms of allergic reaction in the body. Aquagenic urticaria is clinically manifested by itching and urticarial rashes 5–10 min after contact with water. The signs disappear within 30–60 min. The standard therapy regimen includes the administration of second-generation H1-histamine receptor blockers and barrier creams with ceramides. In recent years, the use of monoclonal antibody therapy (omalizumab) has been considered in cases where antihistamines are ineffective.
A Vitamin B9-based Dietary Supplement Normalizes the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Regulatory Genes in a Mouse Model of a High-cholesterol Diet
Authors: Burova A. E. , Reykh A. P. , Gorlova A. V. , Svirin E. P. , Zabegalov K. N. , Chaprov K. D. , Umrukhin A. E. , Strekalova T. V.
Published: November 2023

The Western Diet (WD) is a nutritional style characterized by excessive intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and sugars; this nutritional pattern can cause type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other disorders, particularly during ageing. The search for effective approaches to managing the metabolic syndrome caused by WD seems to be a relevant research task. Unfortunately, this issue has attracted insufficient attention in the current literature. In this work, we use a mouse model of WD to study potential effects of a food supplement based on dicholine succinate (DS) and folic acid (vitamin B9), which are activators of mitochondrial functions. We study glucose tolerance, parameters of hippocampus-dependent learning and relative gene expression in RT-PCR of molecular markers of negative WD effects in the brain and liver of aging mice housed on WD. Mice C57BL/6 were 12 months old and housed on WD for 3 weeks; some groups received В9 (5 mg/kg/day) or DS (150 mg/kg/day), or their combination, via water. We carried out food displacement and fear conditioning learning tests followed by RT-PCR of several genes in the liver and brain. We found a decreased glucose tolerance, an elevated speed of pellet displacement and a reduction of freezing time in the fear conditioning test. This may suggest cognitive deficits and impulsivity of mice housed on WD. The administration of DS and B diminished most of these changes. In addition, the increased expression of FASN in the liver points to new mechanisms of negative WD effects during aging. The food supplement based on B9 and DS normalizes FASN expression and behavior, as well as glucose tolerance in WD-housed mice. Our results open new perspectives for further studies of therapeutic and preventive effects of food supplements on the regulation of metabolic parameters during ageing.
Effect of Infrared Radiation on the Regulation of Oxidative Netabolism in C57BL/KsJYLeprdb/+ Mice
Authors: Stepanova O. I. , Klesov R. A. , Semenov Kh. Kh. , Pomytkin I. A. , Karkischenko V. N.
Published: November 2023

We studied the effect of infrared radiation (IR) course exposure on pathological changes in the tissues of C57BL/KsJYLeprdb/+ (db/db) mutant mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a LASMA ST device. This apparatus allows simultaneous non-invasive monitoring of blood and lymph microcirculation, as well as determining the activity of mitochondrial oxidative coenzymes in tissues before and after IR therapy. IR waves (690 nm) were found to have a positive therapeutic effect on the functional state of db/db mice. This included a rapid healing of skin wounds caused by maceration and prolonged normalization of oxidative metabolism parameters (NADH, FAD, POM) in body tissues. IR therapy has a cumulative effect, leading to a 2.3–2.5-fold increase in life expectancy and life quality, compared to the control group.
Daphnia magna Straus as a Test Object for Screening Cholinergic Pharmacological Substances
Authors: Bondarenko A. A. , Melehova A. S. , Bespalov A. Ya. , Gorchakova T. L. , Prokopenko L. I.
Published: November 2023

Daphnia magna Straus was used as an experimental zoohydrobiont model for primary screening of compounds of the valproic acid aminoether group with anticonvulsant and cholinoblocking activity. On this basis, the most effective compounds for further trials in warm-blooded animals were selected. The selection criterion included their minimum effective concentration for the prevention of atypical motor hyperactivity induced by phenylcarbamate.
Influence of a Nanoform of 9-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-selenoxanthene on the Reproductive Function of White Rats
Authors: Buyuklinskayа O. V. , Napalkova S. M. , Kubasova E. D. , Makarova D. S.
Published: November 2023

Despite the diversity of modern treatment methods, infertility rates remain high both in Russian and globally. In the present experimental study, we study the effect of a nanopreparation based on a selenoxanthene derivative and cyclodextrin on the reproduction of white outbred rats (females) after the administration of mifepristone. Selenoxanthene at a dose of 0.35 mg/kg and 0.7 mg/kg intragastrically for 5 days increased the reproductive activity of animals.
Analysis of The Financial Performance of PT Kimia Farma, Tbk (Persero) 2021-2022
Authors: Nurbaeti Nunung , Mirfaqoh Vella , Zulhendra Rezki , Amin Yosep Hertanto , Alhadi Neo Cahyo , Fadhil Ahmad , Sitohang Rifi Hamdani , Yusriani Sri
Published: November 2023

The effective management of company operations hinges on precise analysis and informed decision-making. Financial reports are pivotal in this decision-making process. In 2022, PT Kimia Farma, Tbk (Persero) registered a net loss, a stark contrast to its performance in 2021. This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT Kimia Farma, Tbk (Persero) during the 2021-2022 period using quantitative descriptive data sourced from financial reports. The employed methodologies include comparative financial statement analysis and financial ratio. Despite the company's robust performance foundation, the findings indicate a decline in its financial performance. The first research on PT Kimia Farma, Tbk (Persero) conducted financial performance during the pandemic or 2020 until 2021. Originality produces financial performance analysis and any suggestions to pharmaceutical companies.
Good Corporate Governance Factors Toward Financial Performance
Authors: Hitotsu Rosyadah Fairuz , Aresteria Maya , Sulestiyono Deddy
Published: November 2023

This research was conducted to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on the Company's FinancialPerformance. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Good Corporate Governance on theFinancial Performance of Companies listed on the IDX 80 IDX index for 2019 - 2021. Good financialperformance will affect many stakeholders because company performance is a picture of the company'scondition, if the company's performance is bad, it will affect stakeholder decisions. Factors can affect financialperformance are Good Corporate Governance. Good Corporate Governance research is proxied by thenumber of board of directors, the number of boards of commissioner meetings and managerial ownership. Thisstudy uses quantitative methods of secondary data with the population of companies listed in the IDX 80 indexin 2019 – 2021. The sample method is the purposive sampling method. The data used is the company's annualreport obtained through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The results of the study obtained the resultsare that the number of boards of directors does not have a significant effect on financial performance, thenumber of meetings of the board of commissioners has a significant positive effect on financial performance,managerial ownership has a positive effect on financial performance.
Enhancing productivity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells: synergistic strategies combining low-temperature culture and mTORC1 signaling engineering
Authors: Shahabi Farzaneh , Abdoli Shahriyar , Bazi Zahra , Shamsabadi Fatemeh , Yamchi Ahad , Shahbazi Majid
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The growing demand for recombinant proteins in medicine has prompted biopharmaceutical companies to seek ways to maximize the manufacturing process. Despite its known negative impact on cell growth, temperature shift (TS) has emerged as a cost-effective strategy to enhance protein quantity and quality in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO). As cells adapt their growth and protein synthesis rate to the environment through influencing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), here we evaluated the potential of mTORC1 signaling engineering to improve the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) protein in stable CHO cells at low temperature.

Methods: First, the expression of genes that negatively control mTORC1 functions in response to environmental fluctuations, including TSC1, AMPK, MAPKAPK5, and MARK4 genes, was assessed via real-time qPCR in CHO-K1 after a temperature shift from 37°C to 30°C. Then, plasmids harboring the shRNAs targeting these genes were constructed into the PB513B-1 plasmid with expression driven by either the constitutive CMV promoter or the cold-inducible HSP90 promoter. Finally, the impact of transient gene downregulation was evaluated on GM-CSF and mTOR proteins productivity in GM-CSF-producing CHO-K1 cells using ELISA and Western-blot assays, respectively. The growth rate of the transfected cells at the two temperatures was evaluated using flow cytometry.

Results: Hypothermic conditions promote the upregulation of mTORC1 inhibitor genes, especially TSC1 and MAPKAPK5, while downregulating S6K, a key effector of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, in CHO-K1 cells. Transcription and protein levels of mTOR increased upon transfection, “pB513-b CMV-P/4shRNAs/GFP” plasmid, “pB513-bHSP90-P/4sh-RNAs/GFP” and pB513B-1 plasmid as mock group in GM-CSF-producing CHO-K1 cells (approximately 60%), along with a high transcript level of S6K. Cell growth-related characteristics were improved, albeit with distinct effects at different temperatures. Notably, these changes were more efficient at 30°C when utilizing the HSP90 promoter, resulting in a three-fold increase in GM-CSF production after 3 days.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of temperature regulation and mTORC1 modulation in CHO cellular processes, particularly in recombinant protein production. Understanding these mechanisms paves the way for developing innovative strategies to enhance cell growth, protein synthesis, and overall bioprocess performance, particularly in manufacturing human therapeutic proteins.
Poor glycaemic control: prevalence, factors and implications for the care of patients with type 2 diabetes in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fina Lubaki Jean-Pierre , Omole Olufemi Babatunde , Francis Joel Msafiri
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Diabetes is a significant problem in sub-Saharan Africa and achieving glycaemic control poses a health challenge among patients living with type 2 diabetes. There are limited data on glycaemic control in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with glycaemic control to inform potential interventions to improve glycaemic control in Kinshasa.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2021–September 2022 among patients recruited from 20 randomly selected health facilities in Kinshasa. Participants were asked to complete a structured questionnaire and to provide two millilitres of blood for Hb1AC assay. Poor glycaemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥7%. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor glycaemic control.

Results

A total of 620 participants were recruited for this study. Study participants had a median age of 60 (IQR=53.5-69) years with the majority being female (66.1%), unemployed (67.8%), having income below the poverty line (76.4%), and without health insurance (92.1%). About two-thirds of the participants (420; 67.6%) had poor glycaemic control. Participants on monotherapy with insulin (AOR=1.64, 95%CI [1.10-2.45]) and those on a treatment duration ≥7 years (AOR=1.45, 95%CI [1.01-2.08]) were associated with increased odds of poor glycaemic control while being overweight (AOR= 0.47, 95%CI [0.26-0.85]) and those with uncontrolled blood pressure (AOR=0.65, 95% CI [0.48-0.90]) were protective for poor glycaemic control.

Conclusion

Poor glycaemic control is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kinshasa, DRC. Being on insulin alone and a duration of diabetes treatment equal or more than 7 years predisposed to poor glycaemic control. By contrary, having uncontrolled blood pressure and being overweight had protective effect against poor glycaemic control. These links between uncontrolled blood pressure and overweight on the one hand, and glycaemic control on the other are unusual. These reflect, among other things, the specific characteristics of diabetes in sub Saharan Africa.
Teaching practices mediating the effect of teachers’ psychological stress, and not physiological on their visual focus of attention
Authors: Chaudhuri Saswati , Jõgi Anna-Liisa , Pakarinen Eija , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between teachers’ (N = 53) physiological and psychological stress and their visual focus of attention as well as the mediating effect of teaching practices on this association in authentic classroom settings. Data were collected using multimodal methods of measurement: salivary cortisol levels for physiological stress, a self-reported questionnaire for psychological stress, observed teaching practices during one school day, and eye-tracking video recordings of classroom teachers during one lesson for teachers’ visual focus of attention. The results showed that neither teachers’ physiological nor psychological stress was directly related to their visual focus of attention. However, using more child-centered teaching practices compared with teacher-directed ones was related to a higher number of fixations on students, longer total fixation duration, and more individualized distribution of visual focus of attention on students. Teacher’s teaching practices mediated the effect of teachers’ psychological stress on their fixation counts on students and distribution of visual focus of attention. The results suggest that teaching practices are related to the visual attention teachers’ give to students and that teachers’ stress affects their visual focus of attention through teaching practices. The practical implications of this study suggest that teachers should receive training and support to recognize their stress level and its association with their teaching.
Assessment for bone health in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after postoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy: a new fracture risk assessment algorithm
Authors: Jia Huiran , Qu Wei , Cai Xiaoting , Li Meiye , Qian Ying , Jiang Zhaoshun , Zhang Zongjing
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) is used to assess the 10-year risk of major site and hip fractures; however, whether this tool can be applied to patients receiving levothyroxine-based thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy for postoperative differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients is yet to be clarified.

Methods and design

A total of 64 patients with DTC following thyroidectomy and oral levothyroxine for TSH suppression therapy and 30 gender- and age-matched controls were collected. The fracture risk was compared between the affected groups with different TSH levels. FRAX was used to calculate the fracture risk with and without bone mineral density (BMD). The TSH level was converted to an age-weighted score to estimate the fracture risk of postoperatively differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the AUC curve of the traditional FRAX and the new algorithm for osteoporosis diagnosis were compared. The dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density measurement T score was used as the gold standard to diagnose osteoporosis.

Results

There were 24 patients in the T ≥ −1–2.5 group, 23 in the −2.5 < T < −1 group, and 17 in the T ≤ −2.5 group. The T score of BMD in the disease group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The risk of MOF and hip fracture without a T score were significantly different under various TSH levels (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of FRAX without BMD for predicting major osteoporotic fractures (PMOF) and major hip fractures (PHF) was 0.694 and 0.683, respectively. The cutoff values were 2.15% and 0.25%, respectively. The AUC of FRAX with BMD for PMOF and PHF was 0.976 and 0.989, respectively, and the cutoff values were 4.15% and 1.1%, respectively. The AUC of FRAX without BMD for PMOF and PHF was 0.708 and 0.72, respectively, and the cutoff values were 5.5% and 1.55%, respectively.

Conclusions

FRAX is suitable for postoperative DTC patients after TSH suppressive therapy. In the absence of BMD, TSH weighted by age can improve the specificity of FRAX in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in this population.
Immune changes in hilar tumor draining lymph nodes following node sparing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of localized cN0 non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Khalifa Jonathan , Thébault Noémie , Scarlata Clara-Maria , Norkowski Emma , Massabeau Carole , Brouchet Laurent , Peries Bataille Sophie , Casaroli Christelle , Vaz Liza , Valle Carine , Sarot Emeline , Saint-Laurent Nathalie , Martin Etienne , Pages Pierre-Benoît , Millière Alice , Mazières Julien , Cohen-Jonathan Moyal Elizabeth , Lauzéral-Vizcaïno Françoise , Ayyoub Maha
Published: November 2023

Background

While much progress has been accomplished in the understanding of radiation-induced immune effects in tumors, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved at the tumor draining lymph node (TDLN) level. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the immune and biological changes arising in non-involved TDLNs upon node sparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors.

Methods

Patients with proven localized (cN0M0) NSCLC, treated by radical surgery plus lymph node dissection with (CRT+) or without (CRT-) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, whereby radiotherapy was targeted on the primary tumor with no significant incidental irradiation of the non-involved TDLN station (stations XI), were identified. Bulk RNA sequencing of TDLNs was performed and data were analyzed based on differential gene expression (DGE) and gene sets enrichment.

Results

Sixteen patients were included and 25 TDLNs were analyzed: 6 patients in the CRT+ group (12 samples) and 10 patients in the CRT- group (13 samples). Overall, 1001 genes were differentially expressed between the two groups (CRT+ and CRT-). Analysis with g-profiler revealed that gene sets associated with antitumor immune response, inflammatory response, hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition and extra-cellular matrix remodeling were enriched in the CRT+ group, whereas only gene sets associated with B cells and B-cell receptor signaling were enriched in the CRT- group. Unsupervised dimensionality reduction identified two clusters of TDLNs from CRT+ patients, of which one cluster (cluster 1) exhibited higher expression of pathways identified as enriched in the overall CRT+ group in comparison to the CRT- group. In CRT+ cluster 1, 3 out of 3 patients had pathological complete response (pCR) or major pathological response (MPR) to neoadjuvant CRT, whereas only 1 out of 3 patients in the other CRT+ cluster (cluster 2) experienced MPR and none exhibited pCR.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant node sparing concurrent CRT of NSCLC patients is associated with distinct microenvironment and immunological patterns in non-involved TDLNs as compared to non-involved TDLNs from patients with non-irradiated tumors. Our data are in line with studies showing superiority of lymph node sparing irradiation of the primary tumor in the induction of antitumor immunity.
Clinical use of molecular methods for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in endemic and non-endemic countries: Benefits, limitations and challenges
Authors: Pinazo Maria-Jesus , Forsyth Colin J. , Lopez-Albizu Constanza , Bisio Margarita María Catalina , González-Martínez Adriana , Bohorquez Laura , Pinto Jimy , Molina Israel , Marchiol Andrea , Herazo Rafael , Galván Irene Losada , Marques Tayná , Barreira Fabiana , Villar Juan Carlos , Sguassero Yanina , Santini Maria Soledad , Altcheh Jaime , Alarcón de Noya Belkisyolé , Sosa-Estani Sergio
Published: November 2023

Trypanosoma cruziinfection is diagnosed by parasitological, molecular, and serological tests. Molecular methods based on DNA amplification provide a more sensitive alternative to classical parasitological techniques for detecting evidence ofT. cruziparasitemia, and are the preferred tests for congenital and oral transmission cases and parasite reactivation in chronically infected immunosuppressed individuals. In newborns at risk of vertical transmission, simplified diagnostic algorithms that provide timely results can reduce the high follow-up losses observed with current algorithms. Molecular methods have also proved useful for monitoringT. cruziinfection in solid organ transplantation recipients, regardless of host immune status, allowing parasite detection even before symptom manifestation. Furthermore, in the absence of other biomarkers and a practical test of cure, and given the limitations of serological methods, recent clinical guidelines have included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect therapeutic failure after antiparasitic treatment in chronically infected adults. Increasing evidence supports the use of molecular tests in a clinical context, given the improved sensitivity and specificity of current assays – characteristics which largely depend on epidemiological factors and genetic and antigenic variability amongT. cruzistrains. Further development and registration of commercial PCR kits will improve the use of molecular tests. We discuss the attributes of PCR and other molecular tests for clinical management in people withT. cruziinfection.
Reviewing ecological implications of mycorrhizal fungal interactions in the Brassicaceae
Authors: Trautwig Adam N. , Jackson Michelle R. , Kivlin Stephanie N. , Stinson Kristina A.
Published: November 2023

Mycorrhizal associations are plant-fungal mutualisms that are fairly ubiquitous and likely evolved multiple times in phylogenic history; however, some plant families have consistently been identified as non-mycorrhizal, including the Brassicaceae. In this paper, we reviewed the literature and DNA databases for potential mechanisms that preclude mycorrhizal symbioses in the Brassicaceae and for exceptions to the general observation of non-mycorrhizal status within this plant family. In instances of association between members of the Brassicaceae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi we posed hypotheses for why these interactions occur in the species and sites observed. Instances of inconsistent association with mycorrhizal fungi were attributed to inter- and intraspecific variations in plant biology, disagreements in vernacular, methodology contradicting historical mycorrhizal surveys, and association being a facultative, variable trait that is determined by species-site interactions. We propose further research on a) the extent of mycorrhizal association in the Brassicaceae, b) the molecular mechanisms dictating association, and c) whether Brassicaceae-mycorrhizal fungal interactions result in nutrient transfer, and their particular roles in the family’s distribution across heterogeneous and harsh environments.
Training, supervision, and experience of coaches offering digital guided self-help for mental health concerns
Authors: Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E. , Rojas Elsa , Topooco Naira , Rackoff Gavin N. , Zainal Nur Hani , Eisenberg Daniel , Shah Jillian , Desage Christina , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor Craig Barr , Newman Michelle G.
Published: November 2023

Accessible, low-cost intervention options are necessary to address the rise in mental health problems among college students. Digital guided self-help, or coached, programs have been developed to provide such services, with many commercially available. As such, there are a large and growing number of individuals coaching these programs. However, an unmet need is to evaluate and assess best practices for training and supervising individuals in these positions. To this end, we describe how we recruited, trained, and supervised coaches as part of a large randomized controlled trial using a widely available digital commercial platform. Coaches were trained to provide digital guided self-help for depression, anxiety, and/or eating disorders for college students. Coaches initially attended three live training sessions over 2–3 weeks, viewed multiple training videos, and read a detailed coaching manual developed by our team. Thereafter, they attended weekly supervision. Following their term, coaches completed an exit survey to assess their supervision and training experiences. A total of 37 of 70 (53%) graduate-level student coaches completed the survey. The experience was reported as very positive (95%). In particular, the majority reported feeling well prepared, more confident, and felt they had developed useful skills for their own practice.
Spatial and temporal analysis of China’s healthcare resource allocation measurements based on provincial data: 2010–2021
Authors: Ren Hengna , Li Chen , Huang Yi
Published: November 2023

Background

With the development of society, industrialization, urbanization, aging, lifestyle and social transformation, environmental degradation, global warming and other factors have had a great impact on the health of the population, and there is an urgent need to take a series of practical actions to promote the improvement of national health. Among them, healthcare resource allocation plays a key role in advancing the level of national health, treatment of chronic diseases, and leisure and healthcare.

Methods

This article collected panel data on healthcare resource allocation in all provinces of China from 2010 to 2021, and comprehensively applied Analytic Hierarchy Process, comprehensive scoring method, regional difference analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to reveal regional differences, spatial–temporal patterns and development characteristics of healthcare resource allocation in China.

Results

In terms of regional differences, intra-regional differences in healthcare resource allocation tend to narrow and inter-regional differences tend to widen. In terms of spatial pattern, the western provinces on the left side of the Hu Huanyong line generally have higher scores, while the central and eastern provinces on the right side of the Hu Huanyong line have lower scores, and healthcare resource allocation in the provinces on the left side of the Hu Huanyong line, such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, have the spatial characteristics of HH clusters in terms of geographic location, while the southeast coastal provinces, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, have the spatial characteristics of LL clusters in terms of geographic location. From the quadrant analysis, the 2010–2021 healthcare resource allocation in the first quadrant concentrates most of the provinces in the western and northeastern regions, while the third quadrant concentrates most of the provinces in the eastern region.

Conclusion

The allocation of healthcare resources in China’s four major zones has undergone a process of change from “unbalanced quantity to relatively balanced quantity,” but high-quality healthcare resources are highly concentrated in the eastern part of the country, and the problem of contradiction between people and doctors is prominent. It is recommended that Internet plus healthcare technology be used to reshape the regional allocation of high-quality healthcare resources.
What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Hoyer Sophie , Baker Stephanie , Mohiyeddini Changiz
Published: November 2023

A significant proportion of our aging society suffers from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a disorder that changes the brain tissue and slowly destroys several important parts of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and communication skills. Over time, patients’ forgetfulness increases, and they need more care to carry out even the simplest tasks—such as eating, drinking, or self-hygiene. This can create extremely challenging living conditions for their families. Many children witness how their beloved grandparents or other elderly relatives change, forget things, and eventually do not recognize them or confuse them with their parents. Watching family members progress through the stages of Alzheimer’s disease can be a challenging, painful, and even frightening experience for young people. The aim of this article is to explain Alzheimer’s disease, its symptoms, and its consequences to help young people understand and cope with this disease if it happens in their families.
Performance Evaluation of Nord2000, RTN-96 and CNOSSOS-EU against Noise Measurements in Central Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Khan Jibran , Thysell Erik , Backalarz Claus , Finne Per , Hertel Ole , Jensen Steen Solvang
Published: November 2023

This article aims to assess the performance of Nord2000, RTN-96, and CNOSSOS-EU, the Nordic and European noise prediction standards, in predicting daily LAeq24h and Lden levels (dBA), by comparing them with measurements gathered over 76 days from the E45 motorway in Helsted, Central Jutland, Denmark. In addition, the article investigates the potential viability of utilizing Confidence-Weighting Average (CWA) for data fusion to enhance noise estimation accuracy. The results showed highly positive Spearman’s correlations (RS), reflecting strong agreements between observed and predicted data, Nord2000 = 0.85–0.98, CNOSSOS-EU = 0.79–0.92 and RTN-96 = 0.86–0.91. Model differences, RMSE = 0.4–3.3 dBA (Nord2000), 1.4 = 2.8 dBA (CNOSSOS) and 1.3–4.2 dBA (RTN-96), were mainly due to underlying model parametrization and uncertainties in model inputs. Overall, Nord2000 outperformed CNOSSOS and RTN-96 in reproducing observed noise levels. Moreover, CNOSSOS agreed well with the measured data and exhibited a high potential for noise mapping and health assessments. Likewise, the CWA is found to be a promising, forward-looking data fusion approach to improve noise estimates’ accuracy. More research is required to further evaluate the models in greater detail over a larger geographical area and across varied temporal scales (e.g., hourly, yearly).
Chat GPT in Diagnostic Human Pathology: Will It Be Useful to Pathologists? A Preliminary Review with ‘Query Session’ and Future Perspectives
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Capuzzolo Marialessandra , Parente Paola , Arezzo Francesca , Loizzi Vera , Macorano Enrica , Marzullo Andrea , Cormio Gennaro , Ingravallo Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has in just a few years supplied multiple areas of knowledge, including in the medical and scientific fields. An increasing number of AI-based applications have been developed, among which conversational AI has emerged. Regarding the latter, ChatGPT has risen to the headlines, scientific and otherwise, for its distinct propensity to simulate a ‘real’ discussion with its interlocutor, based on appropriate prompts. Although several clinical studies using ChatGPT have already been published in the literature, very little has yet been written about its potential application in human pathology. We conduct a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) as databases, with the following keywords: ChatGPT OR Chat GPT, in combination with each of the following: pathology, diagnostic pathology, anatomic pathology, before 31 July 2023. A total of 103 records were initially identified in the literature search, of which 19 were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, only five publications were ultimately included. The majority of publications were original articles (n = 2), followed by a case report (n = 1), letter to the editor (n = 1) and review (n = 1). Furthermore, we performed a ‘query session’ with ChatGPT regarding pathologies such as pigmented skin lesions, malignant melanoma and variants, Gleason’s score of prostate adenocarcinoma, differential diagnosis between germ cell tumors and high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, pleural mesothelioma and pediatric diffuse midline glioma. Although the premises are exciting and ChatGPT is able to co-advise the pathologist in providing large amounts of scientific data for use in routine microscopic diagnostic practice, there are many limitations (such as data of training, amount of data available, ‘hallucination’ phenomena) that need to be addressed and resolved, with the caveat that an AI-driven system should always provide support and never a decision-making motive during the histopathological diagnostic process.
Determination of Multi-Class Antimicrobial Residues and Antimicrobial Resistance in Cow Milk and Feces Samples during Withdrawal Period
Authors: Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra , Uzunov Risto , Krluku Maksud , Jovanov Stefan , Stojkovski Velimir , Arapcheska Mila , Musliu Dea , Sasanya James Jacob
Published: November 2023

The use of antimicrobials in livestock production and their effect on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem for humans, animals and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial residue levels in milk and feces samples during the withdrawal period in dairy cattle administrated with a single dose of the drug, as well as to characterize the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli cultured from feces samples. In the study, dairy cows from three different farms in North Macedonia were included. Raw milk and feces samples were collected before drug administration (0 day) and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 21st day after drug administration. The antimicrobial residues of oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim and procaine-benzylpenicillin were determined using a validated liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method involving stable isotopes. According to results obtained, the highest levels of analyzed antimicrobial residues were determined on the first day after drug administration, which then gradually decreased until their elimination (7th day). The highest AMR of E. coli (100%) was found in β-lactam antimicrobials. Less exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobials could be an important factor for reduction of AMR on dairy farms.
Evaluation of Canine Neonatal Health by Breeders: A Prospective Questionnaire Study on the Association between Neonatal Scores (Modified APGAR), Parturition, Birth Weight, Growth, and Puppy Mortality
Authors: Axnér Eva , Axelsson Rebecca , Hermansson Ulrika
Published: November 2023

Mortality of neonatal puppies is a widespread problem in small animal medicine. Neonatal monitoring, according to standardized protocols, can be useful for identifying puppies that are at risk of mortality. Prompt intervention on weak puppies could increase survival rates. Apgar scoring adapted for puppies has been demonstrated to be associated with mortality and is usually performed by trained veterinary staff. The majority of puppies, however, are born in a home or kennel environment and not at a veterinary clinic. Our aims were, therefore, to evaluate if a modified protocol for neonatal monitoring would be usable by breeders in a home environment. We wanted to evaluate potential associations between modified Apgar scores, birth weights, delivery times, growth rates, and puppy mortality. Modified Apgar scores were related to the viability of live-born puppies (p < 0.0013). The viability and expulsion time of each puppy were significantly related (p = 0.010 with all puppies included and p = 0.038 with only live-born puppies included). Viability was significantly related to relative birthweight (p < 0.01). Puppies with a negative growth rate the first two days after parturition did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality. In conclusion, a modified and simplified Apgar scoring performed by breeders approximately 5 min after birth was associated with puppy mortality.
Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Changes in the Extreme Precipitation Climate Indices over the Chungcheong Region of South Korea during 1973–2020
Authors: Cho Hyungon , Adelodun Bashir , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Kim Gwangseob
Published: November 2023

This study analyzed the changes and trends in twelve extreme precipitation-based climate indices obtained using daily data from 10 synoptic stations in the Chungcheong region of South Korea during the 1973–2020 period. The climate indices were used to assess the trends in the extreme precipitation characteristics of duration, frequency, and intensity using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The results of the ITA were further compared with two other non-parametric test methods such as Mann–Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho (SR). The results showed that most stations exhibited significant increasing trends in all the investigated climate indices at a 95% confidence level as indicated by the ITA method, with only a few stations indicating significant decreasing trends in R95p, R99p, Rx3day, and Rx5day. The sub-trend analysis further revealed the dominance of neutral behavior around the low-value cluster, especially for the extreme precipitation duration. At the same time, increasing trends dominate the high-value cluster at most stations. Meanwhile, only R10mm, R99p, and R95p exhibited monotonic trends in the Boeun and Seosan stations, respectively. Further, the ITA exhibited superior performance over the MK and SR methods by indicating the presence of more significant trends in the climate indices at most stations. The distribution of the extreme precipitation indices for duration, frequency, and intensity indicate the pronounced risk of flood conditions around the north–central and some parts of southern regions, while the western region indicates a potential drought risk, which could greatly impact the water resources and consequently agricultural activities in the study area. The results of this study provide essential information for addressing the climate-related problems of water resource management and agriculture in the study area and other related climatic regions.
Impedimetric Early Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Li-Ion Batteries at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Kaur Palwinder , Stier Isaac K. , Bagchi Sudeshna , Pol Vilas G. , Bhondekar Amol P.
Published: November 2023

Lithium-ion batteries prove to be a promising technology for achieving present and future goals regarding energy resources. However, a few cases of lithium-ion battery fires and failures caused by thermal runaway have been reported in various news articles; therefore, it is important to enhance the safety of the batteries and their end users. The early detection of thermal runaway by detecting gases/volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released at the initial stages of thermal runaway can be used as a warning to end users. An interdigitated platinum electrode spin-coated with a sub-micron thick layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) showed sensitivity for two VOCs (ethyl-methyl carbonate and methyl formate) released from Li-ion batteries during thermal runaway, as well as their binary mixtures at elevated temperatures, which were measured using impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range of 1 MHz to 1 Hz. The sensor response was tested at three different high temperatures (40 °C, 55 °C, and 70 °C) for single analytes and binary mixtures of two VOCs at 5 ppm, 15 ppm, and 30 ppm concentrations. Equivalent electrical parameters were derived from impedance data. A machine learning approach was used to classify the sensor’s response. Classification algorithms classify the sensor’s response at elevated temperatures for different analytes with an accuracy greater than 70%. The success of the reported sensors will enhance battery safety via the early detection of thermal runaway.
Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy of Retained Cells Using a Micro-Perforated Sensing Membrane Filtrating Whole Blood Samples under High Flowrate
Authors: Sagot Matthieu , Bou Elise , Bourrier David , Cerf Aline , Aubert Hervé , Vieu Christophe
Published: November 2023

Blood filtration using micro-fabricated devices is an interdisciplinary topic of research and innovation driven by clinical applications in cytapheresis, cardiovascular disease monitoring, or liquid biopsy. In this paper, we demonstrate that a micro-perforated membrane can be equipped with sensing microelectrodes for detecting, in situ and in real-time, the capture of cellular material during ex vivo filtration of whole blood under high flow rates. This work describes the fabrication process of the sift and detection microdevice. We demonstrate that reliable electrical signals can be measured in whole blood samples flowing inside a fluidic system at typical flow rates, as large as 11.5 mL/min, hence allowing for large-volume sample processing. The in situ monitoring of the electrical impedance of the microelectrodes is shown to characterize the accumulation of living circulating cells retained by the filtrating membrane, opening interesting applications for monitoring blood filtration processes.
Clinical Course and Ophthalmologic Findings in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Pregnancy
Authors: Knoche Theresia , Danyel Leon Alexander , Varlet Lisa , Haffner Paula , Alzureiqi Mohammad Salim , Kowski Alexander , Gaus Verena
Published: November 2023

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has its highest prevalence among women of childbearing age and therefore frequently coincides with pregnancy. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the impact of pregnancy on the clinical course, ophthalmologic findings and on the therapeutic management of IIH patients. Individual patient records were reviewed for neuro-ophthalmologic findings, treatment strategy, adherence to therapy and pregnancy complications. Sixteen patients with 19 documented pregnancies were identified. The visual acuity, visual field defects and the grade of papilledema at baseline and after pregnancy were compared. The visual acuity and visual field mean deviation at baseline and at follow-up after pregnancy did not significantly differ. Papilledema at baseline was more pronounced in patients who had been diagnosed with IIH during pregnancy than in patients with established IIH. In this cohort, the visual acuity and the visual field were not lastingly impacted by pregnancy. The adherence to therapy was low, with 69% discontinuing treatment or medication.
The Future of Neurorehabilitation: Putting the Brain and Body Together Again
Authors: Iosa Marco , Paolucci Stefano , Morone Giovanni
Published: November 2023

The neurorehabilitation of cerebrovascular diseases is a challenging scientific topic that has rapidly grown in recent decades [...]
Factors Affecting the Well-Being at Work and Risk Perception of Construction Workers: A Validated Interpretative Structural Modeling (VISM) Approach
Authors: Santana Wylliam , Moreira Felipe , Maués Luiz Maurício , Nery Lucas Mateus , Silva Juliana
Published: November 2023

Despite increased safety investments in the civil construction sector, high accident rates persist, often due to workers’ intentional unsafe behaviors influenced by poorly understood psychological factors. This study utilized validated interpretative structural modeling (VISM), an innovative technique, to investigate factors impacting the well-being and risk perception of construction workers in the Brazilian Amazon. The VISM model was developed through five steps: (1) identification of indicators; (2) definition of constructs; (3) identification of relationships between constructs; (4) validation of these relationships; and (5) creation of the model. The results underscore the effectiveness of VISM in crafting complex models with robust statistical validity, even in studies with sample limitations and intricate or circular relationships among constructs. The research identified various factors in this phenomenon, such as the importance given by management to workplace safety, job dissatisfaction, work-related stress, turnover intention, work–family balance, alcohol and cigarette use, physical health, perception of accident risks at work, and education and training in workplace safety. Another significant contribution lies in the model’s ability to discern both direct and indirect relationships among these well-being factors. This insight enables the formulation of strategies to enhance worker well-being and reduce workplace accidents, particularly those stemming from intentional unsafe behaviors.