bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Sustainable Biocultural Ecotourism: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Cultural and Biodiversity Richness in Colombia
Authors: Echeverri Alejandra , Batista Natasha M. , Wolny Stacie , Herrera‐R Guido A. , Andrade‐Rivas Federico , Bailey Allison , Cardenas‐Navarrete Anaid , Dávila Arenas Armando , Díaz‐Salazar Andres Felipe , Hernandez Katherine Victoria , Langhans Kelley E. , Mateus‐Aguilar Bryam E. , Levey Dallas , Neill Andrew , Nguyen Oliver , Suárez‐Castro Andres Felipe , Zapata Felipe , Ocampo‐Peñuela Natalia
Published: November 2024

Ecotourism plays a vital role in both economic development and depending on the scale, it can also aid environmental conservation. Ecotourism planning often considers culture‐based and nature‐based tourism separately, failing to recognize the synergies between them, with the potential to market locations as biocultural destinations.

Using Colombia as a case study, we created metrics of taxonomic biological diversity as measured by vertebrate species richness (including birds, mammals, freshwater fishes, reptiles and amphibians) and institutionalized cultural richness (by counting the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage sites, museums, endemic music festivals, Afro‐Colombian Territories and Indigenous Reserves) and evaluated the spatial correlations between them.

To determine biocultural ecotourism potential, we evaluated whether biocultural richness was accessible and mapped potential biocultural ecotourism supply. By mapping areas of sports fisheries, birdwatching destinations, national park annual visitors and airport arrivals we also estimated spatial demand. We also analysed the difference between biocultural ecotourism supply and demand to assess the realized and untapped potential for biocultural destinations.

While biocultural richness is high in the Amazon, Pacific and Caribbean regions, we found that there are no win‐win‐win locations where culture, species richness and accessibility are all high. Areas with great potential for biocultural ecotourism development largely coincide with designated Indigenous Reserves and Afro‐Colombian Territories.

Our paper suggests that Colombia is currently safeguarding its biocultural capital and that it remains inaccessible to tourists. This study underscores the power of integrating cultural and biological variables to reshape the ecotourism sector.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Competition of C–F, C–S, and S–F Bond Activation in SF5CF3 Using N‐Heterocyclic Olefins Derivatives: A Computational Study
Authors: Xu Xingyu , Xie Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

SF5CF3, commonly recognized as a potent greenhouse gas, has recently emerged as a valuable source of fluoride functional groups. Despite its traditional role, recent studies have highlighted its potential applications beyond its environmental implications. However, investigations into its reactivity remain limited, particularly regarding the activation of its constituent bonds. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive computational analysis to elucidate the competition among C–F, C–S, and S–F bond activations within SF5CF3 utilizing N‐heterocyclic olefin derivatives. Our investigations shed light on the underlying mechanisms of bond activation, revealing a preference for the activation of the S–F bond in SF5CF3 by both NHOs and mNHOs. Specifically, we observed a Gibbs free energy barrier (ΔG≠) ranging from 24.90 to  25.77 kcal/mol in the case of mNHOs, indicating a favorable energetics for this process.
Multi‐Responsive Hydrogel Based on Sodium Alginate With Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid: Impact on Normal and Cancerous Cells
Authors: Pal Krishtan , Jaiswal Sheetal , Yadav Paramjeet , Kumar Rajesh , Minocha Tarun , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar
Published: November 2024

The application of sodium alginate (SA) in the field of hydrogels has attracted much attention. However, it remains challenging to fabricate sodium alginate‐based biocompatible hydrogels with improved strength, high elasticity, porosity, and extraordinary adhesiveness. Herein, a hydrogel is constructed by SA and a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and meth acrylic acid (MAA), was synthesized via a free‐radical polymerization (FRP) and reinforced by using dynamic cross‐linker (Fe2+/Fe3+) with their carboxylate groups (COO−) like a chelating complex. The XPS validates the presence of dynamic Fe2+ (711 eV)/Fe3+ (714 eV) ions in the hydrogel scaffold. Porous structure contributes to improving the swelling rate (400%) which assists in drug delivery (80%) applications. The hydrogel has a well‐interconnected network with a crossover point (G′ = G″) at 120 Pa with 8.52% strain and various factors viz. frequency temperature and time sweep study affect the gelation. The hydrogel exhibits a substantial surface area (25m2/g), pore depth size up to 350 nm, and height distribution histogram average size of 394 nm. The poly(AA‐co‐MAA) copolymer found actively targeting breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells and exhibited biocompatibility against HEK‐293 cells and useful in water soluble controlled drug delivery.
Development of the duplex droplet digital PCR for quantitative monitoring of mixed infections of Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Shuaili , Guo Yuan , Wang Li , Feng Tuizi , Zhang Xinchun , Long Haibo
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Root‐knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) are economically significant pests that cause immense damage to a wide range of crops. Among them, M. incognita and M. enterolobii are of particular concern, as their high virulence and broad host range. RKN are challenging for detection due to their subterranean lifestyle underground. Also, the mixed infection of nematodes in field crops complicates the need for more accurate diagnostic and quantification technologies.

RESULTS

To address this challenge, we developed and optimized a novel duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method, using primer/probe sets targeting M. incognita and M. enterolobii, to simultaneously identify and quantify both species within a single assay. The innovative ddPCR diagnostic demonstrated excellent performance in terms of sensitivity, precision and reproductivity when quantifying the eggs and soil samples containing juveniles of both species. Moreover, the application of the duplex ddPCR method enables the monitoring of population dynamics of M. incognita and M. enterolobii under competitive environmental conditions. Our results indicated that the reproduction factor of M. incognita possibly inhibited when in mixed populations of M. enterolobii.

Conclusion

In this study, we first applied duplex ddPCR technique for differentiating mixed infections of M. incognita and M. enterolobii, offering a valuable tool for species detection and quantification. It enables the monitoring of population dynamics for both species, which is crucial for providing theoretical guidance for the implementation of timely and effective control measures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterizing ZnMgO/Sb2Se3 Interface for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Je Yonghun , Jeon Jaeeun , Tampo Hitoshi , Nagai Takehiko , Kim Shinho , Kim Yangdo
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the band alignment of the Zn0.8Mg0.2O/Sb2Se3 interface structure to improve solar cell performance. Sb2Se3 is a promising absorber material. However, Sb2Se3 solar cells exhibit a lower conversion efficiency than CuInGaSe2 and CdTe solar cells. The lower efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells is attributed to the severe open‐circuit voltage loss caused by the band structure at the buffer/Sb2Se3 interface. Sb2Se3 solar cells typically employ CdS as the buffer layer, and the CdS/Sb2Se3 interface exhibits a cliff structure, which results in interfacial recombination. By contrast, a ZnMgO buffer layer can form a spike structure with Sb2Se3 at their interface, which reduces recombination and, as a result, enhances conversion efficiency. Therefore, this study employs the ZnMgO buffer layer and analyzes their material properties with various Mg contents and band structure at buffer/absorber layer interface. A ZnMgO buffer layer is sputter‐deposited on Sb2Se3. The optical bandgap of ZnMgO is 3.3–3.72 eV, corresponding to an Mg content of 0–0.35 at%. The carrier concentration indicates an appropriate doping level ranging from 1014 to 1016 cm−3. The Zn0.8Mg0.2O/Sb2Se3 interface is characterized via interface‐induced band bending. The Zn0.8Mg0.2O/Sb2Se3 interface exhibits a spike structure with a positive delta conduction band offset of +0.193 eV.
Single‐cell analyses reveal impaired type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic entry in C‐Nap1‐null testes
Authors: Li Junlin , Yang Liheng , Li Liansheng , Li Min , Gao Juntao , Yuan Li
Published: November 2024

Sperm development is critical for male reproductive capability; any disruption during the process of spermatogenesis will result in male infertility. In this research, we used the C‐Nap1 encoded by the gene of Cep250 knockout mouse line as the model to evaluate the impact of absent C‐Nap1 on spermatogenesis. To investigate the interaction between C‐Nap1 and spermatogenesis, we utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing to analyze 10,332 C‐Nap1+/+ and 13,308 C‐Nap1−/− testicular cells. We identified five main cell types within seminiferous tubules, including spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia stem cells, Leydig cells, and spermatocytes. We found a critical reduction in testicular spermatogonia and spermatocytes in C‐Nap1‐null testes, compared to its C‐Nap1+/+ controls. By combining uniform manifold approximation and projection clustering and psedotime ordering, we distinguished five spermatogonial stages/subtypes, demonstrating that type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic initiation are impaired during C‐Nap1‐null spermatogenesis. Following gene ontology enrichment analysis, meiosis‐specific genes downregulated in the C‐Nap1−/− testicular cells were further verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Based on the differential gene expression, certain downregulated genes such as Ctnnb1 and Aurka encoding C‐Nap1‐binding potential β‐Catenin and Aurka are encountered, which may account for defective type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic entry in C‐Nap1‐null testes.
Adjustable Order Fault Estimation Observer Based Fault‐Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Switched Stochastic Systems With Partially Unknown Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Han Jian , Yu Ping , Liu Xiuhua , Wei Xinjiang
Published: November 2024

The fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control problems of switching stochastic systems with partially unknown nonlinear dynamics, external disturbance, actuator, and sensor faults are studied. A new observer and disturbance observer are constructed to simultaneously estimate the system state, actuator, and sensor faults, as well as modelable disturbances. The dimensions of the proposed adjustable dimension observer are not fixed and can be adjusted within a certain range, and unknown nonlinear dynamics can be decoupled. According to estimated information, fault‐tolerant controller is designed. The sufficient condition is obtained to ensure that the root‐mean‐square gain from the disturbances to the fault reconstruction error is bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Unlocking Cognitive Analysis Potential in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials: Investigating Hierarchical Linear Models for Analyzing Novel Measurement Burst Design Data
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Hassenstab Jason , Li Yan , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , McDade Eric M. , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge , Bateman Randall J. , Xiong Chengjie
Published: November 2024

Measurement burst designs typically administer brief cognitive tests four times per day for 1 week, resulting in a maximum of 28 data points per week per test for every 6 months. In Alzheimer's disease clinical trials, utilizing measurement burst designs holds great promise for boosting statistical power by collecting huge amount of data. However, appropriate methods for analyzing these complex datasets are not well investigated. Furthermore, the large amount of burst design data also poses tremendous challenges for traditional computational procedures such as SAS mixed or Nlmixed. We propose to analyze burst design data using novel hierarchical linear mixed effects models or hierarchical mixed models for repeated measures. Through simulations and real‐world data applications using the novel SAS procedure Hpmixed, we demonstrate these hierarchical models' efficiency over traditional models. Our sample simulation and analysis code can serve as a catalyst to facilitate the methodology development for burst design data.
Gut‐on‐a‐Chip Reveals Enhanced Peristalsis Reduces Nanoplastic‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Han Junlei , Wang Yushen , Ding Jiemeng , Chen Hao , Shi Chaoyang , Li Xinyu , Xu Zhipeng , Chen Jun , Kong Feng , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

Nanoplastics (NPs) pollution is a global issue posing potential threats to human health, particularly the digestive system. NPs may exacerbate intestinal inflammation, increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the impact of intestinal peristalsis on NP‐induced inflammation remains unknown. Here, a biomimetic gut‐on‐a‐chip (GOC) with integrated online sensing is presented to investigate NPs' impact on intestinal inflammation and propose enhanced peristalsis as a potential intervention. The GOC simulates intestinal peristalsis through periodic stretching and the optimized sensors dynamically detect inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) over 12 d with low detection limits (0.0095 and 0.0020 pg mL−1). Exposure to NPs led to vacuolization, apoptosis, and loss of tight junction proteins in intestinal cells, with IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion peaking at 24 h (1341.55 ± 64.91 and 862.03 ± 66.45 pg mL−1). Notably, increasing periodic strain alleviates inflammatory cytokines secretion induced by NPs. With strain increased from 5% to 6.5%, IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion decrease by 2.73‐fold and 3.34‐fold, respectively. This highlights the protective role of intestinal peristalsis in reducing NP‐induced inflammation.
Empowering Managers to Adopt Multimethodological Intervention Strategies to Address Complex Problematic Situations
Authors: Scales Jeffrey , Ang Karyne , Sankaran Shankar
Published: November 2024

Michael Jackson's early work on the development of the Systems of System Methodologies recognised that problem situations can be complex, across both decision‐makers and systems. Jackson later advocated for methodological complementarity in his works on critical systems thinking, suggesting that ‘hard’, ‘soft’ and ‘emancipatory’ approaches may all have a role to play depending on the complexities of a problem situation. We used Jackson's ideas to develop a post‐graduate systems thinking subject for managers at an Australian university. The constraints of delivering this learning experience within a 4‐day workshop to an increasingly heterogenous student cohort created forces of natural selection that drove an evolution in the format and content of the subject. In this paper, we will explain how the subject is currently being offered. We also illustrate how we used one instance of the subject to investigate a complex problem facing the Australian construction sector.
Enhancing sensor data reliability in structural health monitoring systems using digital twin technology
Authors: Manocha Ankush , Sood Kashvi , Sood Sandeep Kumar , Bhatia Munish
Published: November 2024

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are intended to collect continuous, current information on the condition of civic buildings, aircraft, and industrial gear. These structures may decay over time as a result of slow processes such as corrosion and fatigue, as well as unexpected catastrophes such as natural or man‐made disasters. It is important to note, however, that the components of SHM systems may degrade after installation, resulting in incorrect information being supplied to decision‐makers. To address this issue, digital twin (DT) technology has been utilized to provide an accurate representation of the building's actual state. Additionally, a weighted‐Bayesian belief network (W‐BBN) has been integrated into the framework to assess the building's condition. The framework also includes an example of maintenance and inspection throughout the lifespan of the structure, incorporating a sophisticated model of the SHM system to evaluate the level of risk. To show the proposed framework's operations, a numerical analysis and technique demonstration are offered, utilizing the building's smart sensors as a reference. The findings reveal that the unique SHM technology inspired by DT increases the identification of building health in an efficient and automated way.
Sex Difference in Histopathological and Steroidogenesis Metabolism of Zebrafish After Exposure to Spiromesifen
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Yang , Fan Yongmei , Yu Wang , Qian Le , Duan Manman , Zhao Wentian , Chen Xiangguang , Song Wanhui , Li Xuefeng , Wang Chengju
Published: November 2024

Spiromesifen (SPM) is widely used for orchard mites and white fly control. The ecotoxicological data suggested that SPM is highly toxic to fish, but the information about its toxic effect on zebrafish is still obscure. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to SPM for 21 days. The plasma sex steroid hormone levels reflected the ratio of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to testosterone (T) (E2/T) was significantly increased at 0.50 μg/L of SPM in male fish (2.4‐fold, p = 0.049). Following 21 days' post exposure, distinct pathological changes were noted in gonad, males were more sensitive than female, which showed the interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia and widener in testis at 15 μg/L of SPM. In male fish, the relative percentage of spermatozoa was 13% decreased at 30 μg/L of SPM (p = 0.041). Which suggest SPM potential role in disrupting male gonad development. qRT‐PCR results suggest that expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) was significantly down regulated in female zebrafish (0.29 fold of control, p = 0.010). Variable importance of projection (VIP) scores indicate the most important features separate in female and male. The different response of steroid level towards SPM between male and female zebrafish may due to the distinct regulation of key genes related in steroidogenesis and metabolism. This study for the first time connects the biochemical and histological to reveal the adverse effects of SPM on adult zebrafish in a sex dependent manner.
Querying (Coded) Data
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

NVivo is a code-and-retrieve program whereby coded material is retrieved using queries to get a systematic overview of a specific topic in your data. That makes the query tools one of the most important tools in the program. NVivo has eight different types of queries, each performing different types of searches in a project. The chapter presents each query type and illustrates its functioning with an example. Specific attention is paid to the output regulation with the “spread to” option, which determines how researchers can gain insights into the retrieved coded references. The chapter also shows how users can divert query results to codes, i.e. how queries can be used to code (new) data.
A Guided Tour in Qualitative Data Analysis
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This chapter looks at the spectrum of methodological approaches in qualitative data analysis. It mainly focuses on Grounded Theory as one of the major approaches in the family of qualitative approaches. The chapter outlines qualitative analysis's structured yet flexible nature, demonstrating how NVivo can facilitate a wide range of qualitative analyses through its flexible code and retrieval system (thematic coding and querying). The chapter also stresses the core role of theory in this research tradition. At the end of the chapter, a step-by-step example illustrates how a researcher uses NVivo for analysis, from importing the data to the final visualisations of coded data.
A Quick Tour of NVivo
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This chapter offers an introductory overview of NVivo, illustrating its primary functions and limitations as a qualitative data analysis software. NVivo is presented as a tool with three basic tools or operations: data management, coding data and querying (retrieving) coded data. These elements support analytical steps done outside the program, such as interpreting the results and reporting about the findings or building theory. The second part of the chapter goes deeper into the code-and-retrieve principle behind tools like NVivo. In this part, the basic principles of coding and querying qualitative data are shown. The three most basic queries (text search, coding and matrix coding) are explained in the light of the retrieval of references from the data coded in an earlier stage.
Promoting Resilience—What Does the Science Say?
Authors: Stewart Simon
Published: November 2024

If the contents and topics covered thus far in this book have proved anything, it is that there is still little definitive science to guide us in relation to optimally managing people living with heart disease from a climatic perspective. And yet, there is ample epidemiological evidence to suggest why we need to change the paradigm of clinical management on this basis. Thus, the title of this chapter might have been extended with a ‘thus far’. Moreover, it could well have been structured with a list of (Donald Rumsfeld-inspired) “known-unknowns” and even “unknown, unknowns”. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence to start an important conversation around what clinicians operating within a tertiary healthcare setting can do to promote resilience in people presenting with various forms of heart disease. This is the major focus of this chapter, whist providing some critical reflections on where the evidence falls short in protecting people from both current climatic conditions and that resulting from future climatic change.
Einleitung
Authors: Jansen Annegret
Published: November 2024

Die gesellschaftliche Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung erfordert einen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Lernprozess und stellt eine der zentralen (Bildungs-)Aufgaben des 21. Jahrhunderts dar. Die Gefahren der Klimakrise erweisen sich trotz global unterschiedlicher Betroffenheiten als ein kollektives Problem der Weltgesellschaft, welche in ihrer Verwobenheit, Interdependenz und Tragweite historisch beispiellos ist (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2023).
Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick
Authors: Jansen Annegret
Published: November 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Konzeptualisierung einer politischen Nachhaltigkeitsbildung (10.1) und auf die Förderung politischer Urteilsbildung durch außerschulische Begegnungen im Kontext nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Problemstellungen (10.2) gezogen sowie ein Ausblick auf weiterführende Forschung (10.3) gegeben. Die im Rahmen der Einleitung aufgestellten vier Zielperspektiven werden in diesem Zusammenhang aufgegriffen.
Interventionsstudie zur Analyse und Förderung politischer Urteilsbildung zum Transformationsfeld Landwirtschaft und Ernährung
Authors: Jansen Annegret
Published: November 2024

Ziel der Interventionsstudie ist es, die Wirksamkeit der Lerneinheit im Hinblick auf die Förderung politischer Urteilsbildungsprozesse zu evaluieren. Unter Berücksichtigung der Prämisse, dass Urteilen immer nur konkret zu einem bestimmten Thema stattfinden kann, wurde exemplarisch eine Lerneinheit zum Transformationsfeld Landwirtschaft und Ernährung konzipiert, die in Kapitel 5 vorgestellt wurde. Die Ausrichtung der didaktischen Intervention orientiert sich an den Ansatzpunkten einer politischen Nachhaltigkeitsbildung und findet Ausdruck in einer problem- und konfliktorientierten sowie einer erfahrungsorientierten, außerschulischen Zugangsweise – jene konnte didaktisch, d. h. mit Blick auf die Ziele und Anforderungen des Lernbereichs begründend, hergeleitet werden (siehe Abschn. 2.6; 3.6; 4.6). Im folgenden Kapitel wird zunächst das methodische Vorgehen dargelegt und begründet, bevor die Ergebnisse präsentiert werden. Die Ergebnisse der Interventionsstudie werden abschließend im Hinblick auf die Forschungsfragen und die forschungsmethodischen Limitationen diskutiert.
Simulated Trust: Creating Situational Awareness in a Multi-actor Security Exercise
Authors: Karppi Ilari , Sankala Iina , Joutsijoki Henry , Mäenpää Sari
Published: November 2024

“A safe and secure city is made together!” This is a commonly heard co-creation tag line in numerous events where security specialists and stakeholders convene. But how is this togetherness specifically enacted in command center or situation rooms of stadiums and other venues filled with soccer fans or festival goers? This chapter discusses joint security-generation and the construction of shared situational awareness that supports it. It is built on the complex adaptive systems theory and draws its inspiration particularly from Bart Nooteboom’s ideas of trust, communication, and cooperation. Moreover, positioned at the crossroads of governance and sociotechnical systems studies, it is philosophically rooted on pragmatism. This also renders the paper critical by its approach. In the heat of an emergency situation—and even more so, pressurized in a situation room—we need to ensure that the methods and tools that we use for creating this commonality support rather than harm the restoration and maintenance of public safety and security in any given context. The epithets “joint,” “shared,” or “commonality” imply that it is necessary for the stakeholders to be able to trust each other. In a row of two exercises, we studied the use of a compact and highly mobile tool for situational awareness in simulated urban event security situations. Survey data collected from the exercise participants highlight the elements that security stakeholders appreciate in the available tools and how the individual and collective understanding of what is at stake becomes constructed. Institutional ethnography/longitudinal participatory observation during the entire simulation cycle from early co-creation sessions with the participating agencies to the actual simulation sessions and their debriefing added depth to the interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative data. The results shed light on the situational factors that contribute to if not potentially determine the successes and failures of joint multi-actor security exercises.
Watch Out: Surveilling Cities and New Outlines of Space and Time
Authors: da Silva Cédrick Cunha Gomes , de Moraes Batista Simão Marcela
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores in a critical way the urbanized world. Cities have become the new battlegrounds characterized by the ubiquity of surveillance technological systems and insertion into a telematic topology. Everyday experiences, flows, and practices are mapped, governed, and reordered by the proliferation of digital and communication technologies that modify their space-time relationships. In this chapter, we intend to explore how urban planning and public policies, based on the ideas of Stephen Graham and Paul Virilio, could find fertile ground for rethinking and innovating their principles and concepts. Conscious approaches to such potentials allow actions of territorial ordering and preservation of the plurality of movements and productive capacities.
People, City, and Security: Urban Interfaces in the Age of Events
Authors: Karppi Ilari , Sankala Iina
Published: November 2024

Tampere today is the core of Finland’s second-largest urban region and a hallmark of successful post-industrial transformation where event arenas gradually replace old smokestacks as signifiers of the city’s vitality. This chapter explores the evolution of security thinking and ways of planning secure cities that have developed over this transformation. It discusses new forms of urban competition and how the event industry and its security regimes have impacted urban planning, creating new technical and spatial interfaces. It aligns with Robert Beauregard’s critical view on the urban age approach as well as the urban growth machine arguments. Its approach to industrial transformation acknowledges Erik Brynjolfsson’s and Andrew MacAfee’s ideas of second machine age. The chapter discusses findings from Tampere and describes the process of aiming at a secure city through multi-stakeholder and inclusive urban planning and building adequate readiness for operating in its varied events and other environments. Its empirical findings stem from group interviews and workshops with urban security actors and survey data from ice hockey spectators. The chapter yields both structural or planning-related findings and findings that pertain to individual experiences. The structural findings deal with security actors’ perception of their transforming operation environment due to the new event arenas and spaces that emerge in the urban space and the changing roles and uses of, for example, areas that surround stadiums and other venues. The individual findings show how new arenas are experienced from the security perspective.
Was ist neu im Management der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit und der aortalen Erkrankungen?
Authors: Schulze-Bauer Heike , Staudacher Moritz , Steiner Sabine , Schlager Oliver
Published: November 2024

Die im September 2024 veröffentlichten Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zur peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) und zu aortalen Erkrankungen bilden erstmals Empfehlungen für beide Krankheitsbilder in einem gemeinsamen Leitliniendokument ab. Die Zusammenführung von pAVK- und Aortenleitlinien folgt einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz, der die Gesamtheit des arteriellen Gefäßsystems unterstreicht. Dieses Ziel wird durch eine eigens eingebrachte Empfehlung unterstrichen, bei Patienten mit Gefäßerkrankungen die Gesamtheit des Kreislaufsystems zu berücksichtigen. Schwerpunkt im aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien-Dokument ist das multidisziplinäre patientenzentrierte Management von pAVK und Aortenerkrankungen, wobei die Prävention und die Nachsorge nach therapeutischen Interventionen hervorgehoben werden. Insbesondere werden bei der pAVK das Gehtraining und das Prozedere bei chronischen Wunden sowie bei Aortenerkrankungen die Risikostratifizierung und hereditäre Aortenerkrankungen behandelt.
Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Dohle Christian , Schrader Mareike
Published: November 2024

Neurorehabilitation ist gekennzeichnet durch eine strukturierte, interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Professionen, orientiert an individuellen Teilhabezielen. Dabei müssen verschiedene Betrachtungsebenen von Funktionalität, Aktivität und Partizipation (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, ICF) berücksichtigt werden. Für die Rehabilitation von Störungen stehen bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen verschiedene evidenzbasierte Therapieverfahren zur Auswahl, die unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen zuzuordnen sind. Therapien müssen ausreichend intensiv sein. Das neurologische Phasenmodell beinhaltet neben der Akutbehandlung (Phase A) und der Phase D für weitestgehend selbstständige Patient:innen auch die Frührehabilitationsphase B und die Rehabilitationsphase C mit jeweils simultanen akut- und rehabilitationsspezifischen Behandlungsaufträgen. Zudem beinhaltet es im Langzeitverlauf die Phase E für die berufliche und soziale Teilhabe und die Phase F für die stationäre Langzeitversorgung schwerstbetroffener Patient:innen. Im ambulanten Sektor ist die Langzeitversorgung neurologisch Betroffener aufgrund mangelnder Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Disziplinen derzeit unzureichend und muss zwingend ausgebaut werden.
Naturally constrained reject option classification
Authors: Kashani Motlagh Nicholas , Davis Jim , Anderson Tim , Gwinnup Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Existing Reject Option Classification formulations typically learn a function (e.g., softmax threshold) to select/reject uncertain classifier predictions. Such approaches leverage a user-defined cost of rejection or constraints on the accuracy or coverage of the selected predictions. We formulate a new objective for applications that have no such costs/constraints by using a natural constraint on the rejected predictions. Our proposed Reject Option Classification formulation eliminates regions of random chance classification in the decision space of any neural classifier and dataset. The goal is to maximize accuracy in the selected region while permitting a reasonable degree of prediction randomness in the rejected region. Optimally, the hope would be to reject more incorrect than correct predictions. We employ a novel selection/rejection function and learn per-class softmax thresholds using a validation set. Results demonstrate the advantages of our proposed method compared to naïvely thresholding calibrated/uncalibrated softmax scores. We evaluate 2-D points, imagery, and text classification datasets using state-of-the-art pretrained and learned models. Source code is available at https://github.com/osu-cvl/learning-idk.
Achievable CCA2 Relaxation for Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Akavia Adi , Gentry Craig , Halevi Shai , Vald Margarita
Published: November 2024

Homomorphic encryption () protects data in-use, but can be computationally expensive. To avoid the costly bootstrapping procedure that refreshes ciphertexts, some works have explored client-aided outsourcing protocols, where the client intermittently refreshes ciphertexts for a server that is performing homomorphic computations. But is this approach secure against malicious servers? We present a -secure encryption scheme that is completely insecure in this setting. We define a new notion of security, called , that we prove is sufficient. Additionally, we show:

Homomorphic encryption schemes that have a certain type of circuit privacy—for example, schemes in which ciphertexts can be “sanitized"—are -secure.

In particular, assuming certain existing schemes are -secure, they are also -secure.

For certain encryption schemes, like Brakerski-Vaikuntanathan, that have a property that we call oblivious secret key extraction, -security implies circular security—i.e., that it is secure to provide an encryption of the secret key in a form usable for bootstrapping (to construct fully homomorphic encryption).
Lattice-Based Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Action: Applications to Electronic Voting
Authors: Farzaliyev Valeh , Pärn Calvin , Saarse Heleen , Willemson Jan
Published: November 2024

This paper studies several building blocks needed for electronic voting in order to prepare for the post-quantum era. In particular, we present lattice-based constructions for a generic zero-knowledge (ZK) proof of ballot correctness, a ZK proof of ballot correctness applicable for the homomorphic tallying scenario, and a ZK proof to achieve cast-as-intended verification during the vote casting period. We implement and benchmark our ballot correctness proofs, giving concrete estimations comparing the performance of homomorphic tallying and mix-net based e-voting systems in case of our lattice-based constructions.
Does money growth predict inflation in Sweden? Evidence from vector autoregressions using four centuries of data
Authors: Edvinsson Rodney , Karlsson Sune , Österholm Pär
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we add new evidence to a long-debated macroeconomic question, namely, whether money growth has predictive power for inflation or put differently, whether money growth Granger causes inflation. We use a historical dataset—consisting of annual Swedish data on money growth and inflation ranging from 1620 to 2021—and employ state-of-the-art Bayesian estimation methods. Specifically, we employ VAR models with drifting parameters and stochastic volatility which are used to conduct analysis both within- and out-of-sample. Our results indicate that the within-sample analysis—based on marginal likelihoods—provides strong evidence in favour of money growth Granger causing inflation. This strong evidence is, however, not reflected in our out-of-sample analysis, as it does not translate into a corresponding improvement in forecast accuracy.
Effect of microplastic on sorption, toxicity, and mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ionic liquids
Authors: Lisiecka Natalia , Woźniak-Karczewska Marta , Parus Anna , Simpson Maria , Frankowski Robert , Zgoła-Grześkowiak Agnieszka , Siwińska-Ciesielczyk Katarzyna , Niemczak Michał , Eberlein Christian , Heipieper Hermann J. , Chrzanowski Łukasz
Published: November 2024

Recently, there has been significant focus on microplastics in the environment, especially regarding their role in sorption–desorption processes of emerging contaminants, impacting pollutant migration between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Notably, the newest pollutants in such environments are the herbicide formulations known as ionic liquids (ILs), which integrate the structure of classic herbicidal anion with surface-active cations acting as an adjuvant. In our study, we synthesized herbicidal ILs by combining 2,4-D anion with cetyltrimethylammonium [CTA] and didecyldimethylammonium [DDA] cations. We investigated whether ILs and the mixture of salts, when exposed to polyethylene (PE) microplastics, differ in properties. We analyzed their sorption on defined PE particles, evaluated toxicity on Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using trans/cis ratio of unsaturated fatty acids, and assessed biodegradability with OECD 301F standard test. Results indicate IL cations and anions behave as distinct entities, questioning IL synthesis feasibility. Hydrophobic adjuvants were found to adsorb onto PE microplastic surfaces (5–60% [CTA] > [DDA]), posing potential threats of surface-active xenobiotic accumulation. This highlights the need to explore microplastics’ role as sorbents of hazardous adjuvants in agriculture, potentially competing with humic acids and affecting xenobiotic bioavailability. Consequently, xenobiotics may persist longer in the environment, facilitated by microplastic mobility between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Key points

• Microplastics act as sorbents, accumulating xenobiotics and limiting biodegradation.

• Sorption of surfactant cations on microplastics reduces soil bacteria toxicity.

• Research confirms independent action of ions from ionic liquids in the environment.

Graphical abstract
Berufliche und Angehörigenpflege leisten – Scoping-Review zu Erfahrungen doppelt herausgeforderter Pflegender
Authors: Ruppert Nicole , Roes Martina
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Professionell Pflegende, die zudem Angehörige pflegen, hier benannt als doppelt herausgeforderte Pflegende (dhP), leisten doppelte Pflegearbeit. Unklar ist, ob sie im Versorgungskontext andere Herausforderungen zu bewältigen haben als pflegende Angehörige ohne professionellen Hintergrund.

Ziel

Dieser Beitrag soll ein besseres Verständnis sowie einen aktuellen Überblick geben, wie professionell Pflegende ihre doppelte Pflegeaufgabe erleben und mit welchen Herausforderungen sie konfrontiert werden.

Methoden

Die systematische Literaturrecherche erfolgte in 11 Fachdatenbanken sowie per Schneeballsystem. Eingeschlossen wurden 32 deutsch- und englischsprachige Artikel, veröffentlicht im Zeitraum von Januar 1995 bis Oktober 2023.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 6 Themenkomplexe identifiziert, die das Erleben und die Herausforderungen von dhP fokussieren: emotionale und persönliche Aspekte, Anforderungen und Erwartungen, persönliche Bedürfnisse, Rollenfindung, pflegerisches Fachwissen und Interaktion mit Fachpersonen des Gesundheitswesens.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Herausforderungen für dhP sind vielschichtig. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass v. a. die Rollenfindung im Pflegearrangement herausfordernd ist, da die berufliche und die private Pflegerolle eng miteinander verwoben sind. Die Präferenz für eine dieser Rollen variiert nach Persönlichkeit, Art der Beziehungen oder Pflegesituation. Oftmals wird diese Problematik vom Umfeld nicht wahrgenommen bzw. respektiert, was vorhandenes Belastungserleben verstärken kann. Andererseits nutzen dhP ihre beruflichen und privaten Erfahrungen, um im jeweils anderen Kontext gute Pflege- und Sorgearbeit zu leisten.
Effects of high-pressure-processed rice intake during interval walking training on glycemic control and NFKB2 gene methylation in hyperglycemic older people
Authors: Aida Takamichi , Masuki Shizue , Morikawa Mayuko , Manabe Kazumasa , Furihata Mayuka , Maekawa Aki , Fujita Tomoyuki , Nose Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

High-pressure-processed (HPP) rice is white rice that maintains some key functional food ingredients of brown rice, such as polyphenols. We examined whether HPP rice intake during interval walking training (IWT) improved glycemic control with enhanced methylation of the NFKB2 gene in hyperglycemic older subjects.

Methods

We recruited 51 people aged ~ 70 yr who had already performed IWT for ≥ 6 months, but had hyperglycemia (blood glucose concentration ([Glc]) > 110 mg/dl or HbA1c > 6.0% while fasting). Participants were randomly divided into control (CNT) or HPP rice (HPR) groups and instructed to perform IWT for an additional 4 months while ingesting 75 g dry weight of either white rice or HPP rice, respectively, at every breakfast and dinner. Before and after intervention, [Glc] was measured by continuous glucose monitoring for 5 days, with standardized breakfast on day 5. Methylation of NFKB2 was measured by pyrosequencing.

Results

After intervention, mean fasting [Glc] values for 180 min before breakfast over 4 days (days 2–5) marginally decreased in HPR but were not different from CNT (P = 0.17). However, the standard deviation during the period decreased more in HPR than in CNT (P = 0.013). Moreover, total area under the curve (tAUC) for 180 min after breakfast on day 5 decreased more in HPR than in CNT (P = 0.035). The change in tAUC on day 5 after the intervention was negatively correlated with that in NFKB2 gene methylation (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

HPP rice intake during IWT improved glycemic control with suppressed reduction in NFKB2 gene methylation in hyperglycemic older people.

Trial registration number and date of registration

UMIN000024390; October 13, 2016.
Revisions after prior stapes surgery: aspects on indication, intraoperative findings and surgical strategies
Authors: Sharaf Kariem , Grueninger Ivo , Alekuzei Sara , Polterauer Daniel , Schreier Andrea , Canis Martin , Rader Tobias , Hempel John Martin , Müller Joachim
Published: November 2024

Objective

Primary stapes surgery is considered a challenging intervention in ear surgery. Despite an risk of deafness in 0.5–1 percent, this procedure has still a good benefit-risk ratio due to the improvement in hearing and quality of life that is usually achieved. However, revision after prior stapes surgery is considered even more challenging. Revisions after stapes surgery are very heterogeneous procedures, both in terms of the indication and the surgical strategy and are generally considered to be significantly more demanding. Reasons for complications after prior stapes surgery as well as strategies for successful revisions are not well described in the literature.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study, tertiary referral center. 124 cases of revisions after prior stapes surgery were identified between 2011—2022 and are analyzed based on biographic data, clinical, audiological, and intraoperative findings as well as the eventual therapy. Cases were analyzed regarding indication, intraoperative finding and the surgical strategy chosen.

Results

Acute, subacute, and long-term complications of the primary intervention as well as other incidental reasons such as progressive hearing loss can be identified as indication for revision surgery. Preoperative clinical findings were correlated to intraoperative findings and surgical strategies. Audiological results are discussed.

Conclusions

Different recommendations for the indication of a surgical revision can be derived depending on the individual preoperative case history and findings. In addition, there are patterns regarding the chances of success of a revision, especially in cases of persistent conductive hearing loss chances of hearing improvement seem possible in more than 80% of cases.
Parasite traits, host traits, and environment as determinants of dark diversity affinity in flea and gamasid mite assemblages from the Palearctic
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Vinarski Maxim V. , Korallo-Vinarskaya Natalia P. , Khokhlova Irina S. , Grabovsky Vasily I.
Published: November 2024

A species set in a site comprises species that are present (realized diversity) and species that could inhabit this site but are absent (dark diversity; DD). DD can be both species-driven (a species’ traits preclude its presence, independently of site features) and site-driven (site features preclude the species’ presence, independently of its traits). DD affinity (DDA) is a measure of species’ tendencies to be absent from sites that they could inhabit or of sites’ tendencies to lack species that could be present. Decomposition of DDA into DDA for species (ddasp) and for sites (ddasite) allows (a) disentangling these two mechanisms and (b) detecting species traits and site features contributing to their DDA. The species-site unified model is a Bayesian statistical model aimed at simultaneously estimating ddasp and ddasite. We applied it to flea and mite assemblages (a) within a host species across regions (component metacommunities; CtM; ddasite = ddaregion) and (b) within a region across host species (compound metacommunities; CdM, ddasite = ddahost). In CtMs, ddasp and ddaregion equally contributed to DD, whereas the relative contributions of ddasp and ddahost to DD in CdMs varied from the former being higher than the latter and vice versa. In CtM and CdM, ddasp increased in low-abundance ectoparasites exploiting a restricted number of hosts. In CtMs, ddaregion was associated with the regional environment, but we failed to find host traits affecting ddahost in CdMs. We conclude that ectoparasite species and either regions in CtMs or host species in CdMs independently contribute to DD.
Osteosynthesis with anatomic reduction after malleolar fractures improves ten years outcome: a single center trial
Authors: Chidda Amal , Soares Sérgio , Nogueira Pedro , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz , Seidel Angela
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Malleolar fractures are the most common ankle fractures and a major risk factor for ankle osteoarthritis in the long-term. Little is known about modifiable risk factors for a satisfactory outcome. This study aimed to assess the long-term clinical, functional and radiological outcomes in patients after osteosynthesis.

Methods

In this retrospective single center study, we assessed the difference in patients who underwent surgical intervention for malleolar fractures sustained between 2007 and 2014. The reduction was assessed on the first postoperative radiograph. At follow-up patients completed a questionnaire, including the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) and Short Form-12 (SF-12) scores to evaluate patient-reported outcomes and quality of life. Ankle osteoarthritis was assessed using the Kellgren and Lawrence classification.

Results

One hundred seventeen patients, 102 with anatomic reduction and 15 with malreduction, were reached at mean follow-up at 11.4 years and 10.9 years. The mean EFAS score was 18,0 for anatomic and 16,1 for nonanatomic reduction and 6.1 and 4.5 for the sport component. The rate of satisfaction with the result was 8.2 in anatomic reduction and 7.5 in the malreduction. There was no significant difference in the SF-12 group between the two groups. Anatomic reduction is a protective facture for a satisfactory outcome in the univariate model with the hazard ratio of 5.94.

Conclusion

Anatomic reduction is one of the strongest protective factors for satisfactory outcome after malleolar fractures in a follow-up of more than 10 years.