bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Galois-Fibonacci Matrix Generators Pseudo-Random Sequences
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, UA, 03058, Beletsky Anatoly
Published: December 2021

The article discusses various options for constructing binary generators of pseudo-random numbers (PRN) based on the so-called generalized Galois and Fibonacci matrices. The terms "Galois matrix" and "Fibonacci matrix" are borrowed from the theory of cryptography, in which the linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) generators of the PRN according to the Galois and Fibonacci schemes are widely used. The matrix generators generate identical PRN sequences as the LFSR generators. The transition from classical to generalized matrix PRN generators (PRNG) is accompanied by expanding the variety of generators, leading to a significant increase in their cryptographic resistance. This effect is achieved both due to the rise in the number of elements forming matrices and because generalized matrices are synthesized based on primitive generating polynomials and polynomials that are not necessarily primitive. Classical LFSR generators of PRN (and their matrix equivalents) have a significant drawback: they are susceptible to Berlekamp-Messi (BM) attacks. Generalized matrix PRNG is free from BM attack. The last property is a consequence of such a feature of the BM algorithm. This algorithm for cracking classical LFSR generators of PRN solves the problem of calculating the only unknown – a primitive polynomial generating the generator. For variants of generalized matrix PRNG, it becomes necessary to determine two unknown parameters: both an irreducible polynomial and a forming element that produces a generalized matrix. This problem turns out to be unsolvable for the BM algorithm since it is designed to calculate only one unknown parameter. The research results are generalized for solving PRNG problems over a Galois field of odd characteristics.
An Optimized K-means with Density and Distance-Based Clustering Algorithm for Multidimensional Spatial Databases
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA, Laskhmaiah K , Krishna S Murali , Reddy B Eswara
Published: December 2021

From massive and complex spatial database, the useful information and knowledge are extracted using spatial data mining. To analyze the complexity, efficient clustering algorithm for spatial database has been used in this area of research. The geographic areas containing spatial points are discovered using clustering methods in many applications. With spatial attributes, the spatial clustering problem have been designed using many approaches, but non-overlapping constraints are not considered. Most existing data mining algorithms suffer in high dimensions. With non-overlapping named as Non Overlapping Constraint based Optimized K-Means with Density and Distance-based Clustering (NOC-OKMDDC),a multidimensional optimization clustering is designed to solve this problem by the proposed system and the clusters with diverse shapes and densities in spatial databases are fast found. Proposed method consists of three main phases. Using weighted convolutional Neural Networks(Weighted CNN), attributes are reduced from the multidimensional dataset in this first phase. A partition-based algorithm (K-means) used by Optimized K-Means with Density and Distance-based Clustering (OKMDD) and several relatively small spherical or ball-shaped sub clusters are made by Clustering the dataset in this second phase. The optimal sub cluster count is performed with the help of Adaptive Adjustment Factor based Glowworm Swarm Optimization algorithm (AAFGSO). Then the proposed system designed an Enhanced Penalized Spatial Distance (EPSD) Measure to satisfy the non-overlapping condition. According to the spatial attribute values, the spatial distance between two points are well adjusted to achieving the EPSD. In third phase, to merge sub clusters the proposed system utilizes the Density based clustering with relative distance scheme. In terms of adjusted rand index, rand index, mirkins index and huberts index, better performance is achieved by proposed system when compared to the existing system which is shown by experimental result.
A Novel Ant Colony Based DBN Framework to Analyze the Drug Reviews
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SPMVV Tirupati, India., Tazeen Nazia , Rani K. Sandhya
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, big data is directing the entire advanced world with its function and applications. Moreover, to make better decisions from the ever emerging big data belonging to the respective organizations, deep learning (DL) models are required. DL is also widely used in the sentiment classification tasks considering data from social networks. Furthermore, sentiment classification signifies the best way to analyze the big data and make decisions accordingly. Analyzing the sentiments from big data applications is quite challenging task and also requires more time for the execution process. Therefore, to analyze and classify big data emerging from social networks in a better way, DL models are utilized. DL techniques are being used among the researchers to get high end results. A novel Ant Colony-based Deep Belief Neural Network (AC-DBN) framework is proposed in this research. Drug review tweets are opted to perform sentiment classification by using the proposed framework in python environment. A model fitness function is initiated in the DL framework and is observed that it is attaining high accuracy with low computation time. Additionally, the obtained results attained from the proposed framework are validated with existing methods for evaluating the efficiency of the proposed AC-DBN approach.
Quantificational Attitudes
Authors: Lennertz Benjamin ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: December 2021

The literature contains a popular argument in favor of the position that conditional attitudes (especially intentions and desires) are not simple attitudes with conditional contents but, rather, have a more complex structure. In this paper I show that an analogous argument applies to what we might call quantificational attitudes—like an intention to follow every bit of good advice I receive or a desire to get rabies shots for each bite I incur from an infected bat. The conditions under which these attitudes are satisfied and thwarted are not captured by claiming that they are simple attitudes with quantificational contents. So, the argument supports a novel position—that quantificational attitudes have a more complex structure. After sketching the form of this extra structure, I show how similar considerations count in favor of the existence of genuinely quantificational speech acts.
Forensic application of static and dynamic risk factors: Is it the right time?
Authors: Abbott Brian
Published: December 2021

It is common, accepted clinical practice to conduct risk assessments of individuals who commit sexual offenses using the combination of sexual violence risk actuarial measures and dynamic risk factors. This assessment approach has utility when identifying treatment targets, assessing progress in sexual offender treatment, and forming risk management plans. Little research has examined this method in forensic contexts such as deciding whether individuals who suffer from mental disorders are likely to engage in sexually dangerous behavior as defined by sexually violent predator or persons (“SVP”) involuntary civil confinement laws in the USA. In particular, it is uncertain whether the combination of sexual violence risk actuarial measures and dynamic risk factors (DRF) produces sufficiently reliable, relevant, and probative evidence for the trier of fact to properly evaluate the SVP legally defined likelihood of sexual dangerousness. This article explores the efficacy of combining actuarial measures of sexual violence risk and dynamic risk factors as applied in SVP risk assessments based on some commonly observed forensic practices among evaluators. Based on the analysis, recommendations for forensic practice and future research are offered.
Inventar el cine: sobre técnicas e estéticas de documentários latino-americanos
Authors: Leão Daniel Velasco
Published: December 2021

Este artigo expõe e discute as diferentes formas pelas quais o cinema documentário latino-americano buscou traduzir os dilemas sociais do continente. A partir da análise de filmes realizados no continente nos últos 60 anos, abordamos algumas das principais escolas e modos de fazer documentário, como os modelos inglês e sociológico, o terceiro cinema, o documentário em primeira pessoa e o filme-ensaio. Buscamos apontar as origens das distintas abordagens (tanto cinematográficas quanto social) nos distintos contextos sociais, circunstâncias históricas e em novas possibilidades de deslocamento e registro propiciadas pelo advento de novas tecnologias.
Dentro, fora, antes ou depois? – A política espaço-temporal de Notícias da América, de Paulo Nazareth
Authors: Souza de Araujo Lima Natalie
Published: December 2021

Este artigo investiga a performance Notícias da América, do artista Paulo Nazareth. Nela são identificadas discussões (e ações) que manejam uma pluralidade de passados (ancestrais, coloniais) e, ao mesmo tempo, abrem perspectivas relacionais, característica típica da arte contemporânea desde os anos 1960. Na performance, à medida que Nazareth se desloca por cidades latino-americanas, as imagens e os discursos produzidos forjam um espaço comum entre ele próprio, seus interlocutores e a paisagem. Simultaneamente, emerge uma temporalidade múltipla em que subjetividades periféricas se tornam visíveis. É também a partir dessa relação espaço-temporal que outras de suas produções artísticas (como a série Aqui é arte), podem ser desdobradas.
Música, branquitude e experimentalismo: perspectivas críticas
Authors: Castellani Felipe Merker , Lima Manuel Pessoa de
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo investiga a perpetuação do racismo epistêmico no campo musical, iniciando no Brasil colônia e seguindo em direção aos contextos contemporâneos. Observando pressupostos uni-versalizantes vinculados ao enfoque na materialidade do som apartado de implicações contextuais sócio-políticas, delineiam-se tensões e incompatibilidades entre o experimentalismo musical e o ati-vismo político. Por fim, o artigo aponta iniciativas recentes de otencial contra-colonial no contexto experimental.
Estruturas de governança, desenvolvimento sustentável territorial e desigualdade regional ente 2002 e 2014
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Wilson Bento
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho expõe os dados referentes ao PIB e ao PIB per capita coletados pela pesquisa “Governança territorial no Brasil: especificidades institucionais, lógicas espaciais e políticas de desenvolvimento”.  Tais dados indicam desigualdade durante o período estudado (2002 – 2014) e motivam a questão básica que guia o presente trabalho: a desigualdade dificulta a participação no âmbito das estruturas de governança? Assim, supondo que a função básica das estruturas de governança é incentivar a cooperação e a participação através do encaminhamento dos conflitos, a hipótese para a questão posta pode ser expressa pela seguinte afirmação: a desigualdade contribui para a inércia institucional e para a estabilidade presente nas relações entre atores, dificultando a cooperação, a participação e o desenvolvimento sustentável territorial. Nesse caso, o funcionamento das estruturas de governança pode ser descrito mais pela inércia e menos pela mudança institucional. Os resultados gerais da pesquisa na qual esse trabalho se apoia indicam que a cooperação e a participação são truncadas, reforçando a interpretação proposta. O método para a análise dos dados e o desenvolvimento da hipótese foram feitos a partir de um modelo simplificado da realidade, o jogo, formado pelos conceitos de atores e instituições.
Biological activities and chemical composition of Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil fractions against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Myint Kay Khine , Harahap Idham Sakti , Dadang Dadang
Published: December 2021

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) is one of the major, common, pests of stored grains as it causes quantitative and qualitative losses in legume crops. This research sought to find the most active fraction in Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils, to evaluate bioactivity of those crude essential oils and active fractions against C. maculatus, and to identify the compounds  contained in the active fraction. The essential oils were fractionated using three solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The n-hexane fraction was identified as the active fraction, causing mortality, oviposition deterrence, and ovicidal effects. In fumigation chambers, LD95 values of M. piperita (Mnf) and S. aromaticum n-hexane fractions (Snf) were 0.045 ml/l and 0.057 ml/l respectively. ED50 values for oviposition deterrence were 0.016 ml/l for Mnf and 0.022 ml/l for Snf.  ED50 value of ovicidal effects for Mnf- and Snf-treated eggs were 0.014 ml/l for both fractions. GC-MS analysis showed 8 dominant compounds in Mnf and 5 dominant compounds in Snf. Overall it is concluded that Mnf and Snf oils have effective biological activities against stored pest C. maculatus and have potential to be considered as alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
Los discursos de género, violencia y desigualdad social en la era de la comunicación (digital)
Authors: Maruenda-Bataller Sergio , Palau Sampio Dolors , Taboada Maite
Published: December 2021

Este volumen tiene como objetivo estudiar y analizar los discursos públicos en torno al género, la violencia y la desigualdad social en los llamados medios digitales (Couldry 2012) y, más concretamente, su evolución e impacto político, cultural, social e ideológico en la era digital y las ‘nuevas’ formas de comunicación social, institucional y política (Fuchs 2007; Bennet & Segerberg 2013; Winseck 2017). La edición pretende profundizar en los discursos generados y canalizados a través de la llamada sociedad en red (Castells 2011), cuando se celebra el primer cuarto de siglo de vida de internet.
Continuing education as the value basis of professional activity of the pedagogue
Authors: Makeeva Tatiana Vitalievna , Gur'yanchik Vitalii Nikolaevich
Published: December 2021

Professional socialization of future graduates of the pedagogical university is aimed at the formation of competencies essential for the practical activity and solution of vital tasks. One of the components of successful professional activity is the willingness for continuing education. The subject of this research is the phenomenon of continuous pedagogical education as the value. Globalization has encompasses all segments of life of the modern society, including education. The rapidly changing world with its uncertainty imposes new requirements on the system of vocational training. A modern specialist is no longer narrow-focused, but is capable of solving complex and versatile tasks, which is facilitated by constant striving for new knowledge using various forms of learning. However, this is only possible with realization by the individual of the need for continuing education and its utility in different axiological coordinates. For the analysis of axiological basis of continuing education, the author surveyed the students of pedagogical university to determine their perception of continuing education as a personal meaningful value that contributes to the achievement of certain career results. The acquired results on the one hand demonstrate the the vagueness of the concept of “continuing education” for the university students; while on the other hand, prove the hypothesis on the need and importance of continuing education for the pedagogues, but at the same time the unwillingness of the future specialists to consider it as the value of life. The presented materials allow adjusting the educational process of future pedagogues and their motivation for continuing education, since the pedagogical classes to Master’s Degree.
First principle study of adsorption and desorption behaviors of NH3 molecule on the TaC (0001) surface
Authors: Li Xiao-Lin , Yuan Kun , He Jia-Le , Liu Hong-Feng , Zhang Jian-Bo , Zhou Yang ,   Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China,   Engineering Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Published: December 2021

The adsorption and desorption behaviors of ammonia on TaC(0001) surface are studied by employing spin-polarized density function theory calculations. The surface energy calculation results show that the TaC (0001) terminating with Ta is the most stable surface. According to the optimized structural and energetic properties, it is found that NH3 prefers to adsorb on the top site, whereas NH2, H prefer to adsorb on the triple hcp site and NH, N prefer to stay on the triple fcc site. In addition, three transition states are found for analyzing the mechanism of dehydrogenation of NH3, and the N recombination reaction is also considered. The results show that the desorption of nitrogen atoms is the rate-determining step in the overall reaction. Finally, in order to further elucidate the mechanism of NH3 adsorption and dissociation on the surface of Ta-TaC, the electronic structure of the most stable adsorption position is analyzed from the perspective of charge density distribution and electron density of states. The results of electronic structure calculation show that NH3 molecule is adsorbed on the surface through the mixture of 2pz orbital of N atom and \begin{document}$ 5{\rm d}_{z^2} $\end{document} orbital of substrate Ta. With the progress of dehydrogenation, the charge transfer phenomenon becomes more and more serious. The charge transfer between adsorbate and substrate plays an important role in accelerating NH3 dehydrogenation catalytic process.
External signals regulate continuous transcriptional states in hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Fast Eva M , Sporrij Audrey , Manning Margot , Rocha Edroaldo Lummertz , Yang Song , Zhou Yi , Guo Jimin , Baryawno Ninib , Barkas Nikolaos , Scadden David , Camargo Fernando , Zon Leonard I
Published: December 2021

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must ensure adequate blood cell production following distinct external stressors. A comprehensive understanding of in vivo heterogeneity and specificity of HSC responses to external stimuli is currently lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) on functionally validated mouse HSCs and LSK (Lin-, c-Kit+, Sca1+) progenitors after in vivo pharmacological perturbation of niche signals interferon, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and prostaglandin. We identified six HSC states that are characterized by enrichment but not exclusive expression of marker genes. External signals induced rapid transitions between HSC states but transcriptional response varied both between external stimulants and within the HSC population for a given perturbation. In contrast to LSK progenitors, HSCs were characterized by a greater link between molecular signatures at baseline and in response to external stressors. Chromatin analysis of unperturbed HSCs and LSKs by scATAC-Seq suggested some HSC-specific, cell intrinsic predispositions to niche signals. We compiled a comprehensive resource of HSC- and LSK progenitor-specific chromatin and transcriptional features that represent determinants of signal receptiveness and regenerative potential during stress hematopoiesis.
Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation-induced tissue damage
Authors: Rognoni Emanuel , Goss Georgina , Hiratsuka Toru , Sipilä Kalle H , Kirk Thomas , Kober Katharina I , Lui Prudence PokWai , Tsang Victoria SK , Hawkshaw Nathan J , Pilkington Suzanne M , Cho Inchul , Ali Niwa , Rhodes Lesley E , Watt Fiona M
Published: December 2021

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major source of skin damage, resulting in inflammation, premature ageing, and cancer. While several UVR-induced changes, including extracellular matrix reorganisation and epidermal DNA damage, have been documented, the role of different fibroblast lineages and their communication with immune cells has not been explored. We show that acute and chronic UVR exposure led to selective loss of fibroblasts from the upper dermis in human and mouse skin. Lineage tracing and in vivo live imaging revealed that repair following acute UVR is predominantly mediated by papillary fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast reorganisation occurs with minimal migration. In contrast, chronic UVR exposure led to a permanent loss of papillary fibroblasts, with expansion of fibroblast membrane protrusions partially compensating for the reduction in cell number. Although UVR strongly activated Wnt signalling in skin, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by epidermal β-catenin stabilisation did not enhance papillary dermis repair. Acute UVR triggered an infiltrate of neutrophils and T cell subpopulations and increased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin signalling in skin. Depletion of CD4- and CD8-positive cells resulted in increased papillary fibroblast depletion, which correlated with an increase in DNA damage, pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, and reduction in fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, topical COX-2 inhibition prevented fibroblast depletion and neutrophil infiltration after UVR. We conclude that loss of papillary fibroblasts is primarily induced by a deregulated inflammatory response, with infiltrating T cells supporting fibroblast survival upon UVR-induced environmental stress.
Cnidarian hair cell development illuminates an ancient role for the class IV POU transcription factor in defining mechanoreceptor identity
Authors: Ozment Ethan , Tamvacakis Arianna N , Zhou Jianhong , Rosiles-Loeza Pablo Yamild , Escobar-Hernandez Esteban Elías , Fernandez-Valverde Selene L , Nakanishi Nagayasu
Published: December 2021

Although specialized mechanosensory cells are found across animal phylogeny, early evolutionary histories of mechanoreceptor development remain enigmatic. Cnidaria (e.g. sea anemones and jellyfishes) is the sister group to well-studied Bilateria (e.g. flies and vertebrates), and has two mechanosensory cell types – a lineage-specific sensory effector known as the cnidocyte, and a classical mechanosensory neuron referred to as the hair cell. While developmental genetics of cnidocytes is increasingly understood, genes essential for cnidarian hair cell development are unknown. Here, we show that the class IV POU homeodomain transcription factor (POU-IV) – an indispensable regulator of mechanosensory cell differentiation in Bilateria and cnidocyte differentiation in Cnidaria – controls hair cell development in the sea anemone cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. N. vectensis POU-IV is postmitotically expressed in tentacular hair cells, and is necessary for development of the apical mechanosensory apparatus, but not of neurites, in hair cells. Moreover, it binds to deeply conserved DNA recognition elements, and turns on a unique set of effector genes – including the transmembrane receptor-encoding gene polycystin 1 – specifically in hair cells. Our results suggest that POU-IV directs differentiation of cnidarian hair cells and cnidocytes via distinct gene regulatory mechanisms, and support an evolutionarily ancient role for POU-IV in defining the mature state of mechanosensory neurons.
Ground Reaction Force Comparison Between Barefoot and Shod Single Leg Landing at Varied Heights
Authors: Arnett Jocelyn E. , Addie Cameron D. , M. Cosio-Lima Ludmila , Brown Lee E.
Published: December 2021

Background: Landing is a common movement that occurs in many sports. Barefoot research has gained popularity in examining how shoes alter natural movements. However, it is unknown how a single leg landing under barefoot conditions, as well as landing height, affects ground reaction forces (GRF). Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in GRF during a single leg landing under barefoot and shod conditions from various heights. Methods: Sixteen female Division II collegiate athletes, 8 basketball (age: 19.88 ± 0.64 yrs; height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m; mass: 75.76 ± 12.97 kg) and 8 volleyball (age: 20.00 ± 1.07 yrs; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; mass: 72.41 ± 5.41 kg), performed single leg landings from 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches barefoot and shod. An AMTI AccuGait force plate was used to record GRF. A 2 (condition) x 4 (box height) x 2 (sport) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine any GRF differences. Results: There were no significant three way or two-way interactions (p > 0.05). There was also no main effect for sport (p > 0.05). There were main effects for footwear and box height (p = 0.000) where shod (2295.121 ± 66.025 N) had greater impact than barefoot (2090.233 ± 62.684 N). Conclusions: Single leg barefoot landings resulted in less vertical GRF than shod landings. This could be due to increased flexion at the joints which aids in force absorption.
Stroboscopic Visual Training for Coaching Practitioners: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Carrolla Will , Fullerb Sara , Lawrenceb Jeanne-Marie , Osborne Sam , Stallcup Ryan , Burch Reuben , Freemand Charles , Chandere Harish , Strawderman Lesley , Cranef Collin , Youngerg Tyler , Duvallh Aaron , Mockh Stephanie , Petwayi Adam , Burgosj Bill , Pirolik Anthony
Published: December 2021

Background: The importance of vision and its impact upon an athlete’s performance has long been recognized by elite athletic communities. In recent decades, stroboscopic training methods have been developed to help train athletes from a visual, perceptual, and cognitive perspective using strobe glasses. Objective: Herein a comprehensive literature review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of strobe glasses in training collegiate and professional athletes. Methods: This comprehensive literature review investigates the origins, attention influences, tasks, practitioner takeaways, and cost feasibility of stroboscopic visual training.Results: The findings from this review show promise of benefits from utilizing strobe glasses during training scenarios, particularly for improving fast or impulsive tasks. Strobe glasses can be accommodated into varying sporting environments and training regimens while being affordable to athletic, coaching, and training departments or centers. Studies investigating the direct influence of stroboscopic training on subsequent performance demonstrate viable methods for strengthening fundamental visual abilities. Notably, these fundamental abilities have been shown to correlate with improved game performance. Though early results are promising, there are still significant areas for further research and more comprehensive designs of stroboscopic training studies. Conclusion: This review highlights potential benefits and existing research gaps concerning the use of stroboscopic eyewear as an intervention method in sports. The delineation of optimal applications for strobe glasses is undetermined; however, information presented in this review can be meaningfully applied by coaching practitioners who are considering adopting the technology.
Efficacy of Action Observation for Upper Limb Motor Deficit in Acute Stroke Participants
Authors: Anandan Arulmozhi Devi , Selvaraj Suresh Kumar , Regan Raja , Subramanian Shenbaga Sundaram , Neelam Shazia , Gaowgeh Riziq Allah Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Action Observation (AO) is a multisensory approach encompassing motor, somatosensory and cognitive rehabilitation. Several Studies have proved the effects of action observation on recovery of motor functions in chronic stroke survivors. However, the effect of action observation strategy on acute stroke participants remains unclear. The objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of action observation to improve upper limb function in acute stroke.

Methods: 28 acute stoke participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned into two groups based on computer generated randomization. Action observation training group (AO) received action observation training and conventional group received conventional physiotherapy. Both the groups received 45 minutes session per day for the total duration of 10 days.

Results: Upper limb functions were measured using Fugl Myer upper limb component (FMA) and action research arm test (ARAT)at the baseline and after the intervention. Compared with the conventional training group, AO group showed significant improvement in ARAT but no significant difference between the groups in FMA.

Conclusion: In conclusion Action observation treatment may become a useful strategy in rehabilitation of acute stroke participants.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Following COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Fouad Heba A. , Amer M. Alanazey, Mohammed , Farhan K. Alruwaili, Anfal , Fahad Inad M. Alanazi, , Khalid A. Bamousa, Ahmed , Ibrahim H. Alsraij, Abdulkarim , Ali M. Qadri, Almuhannad , Abdulrazzak M. Alhamad, Suhail , Saud A. Al-Sharief, Mazen , Mohammed Y. Kariri, Reem , Abdulhalim M. Qoqandi, Abdullah , Mishal H. Alharbi, Tariq
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the quality of life (QoL) of the young people by affecting their psychological stress and suspicion of diagnosis with post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. In response to this global health crisis, quarantine and lock down measures were implemented by international and government health organizations to contain the rapid spread of the virus. Such a period of health crisis has significant repercussions on human health and welling, accompanied by psychological distress and related symptoms such as stress, panic and anxiety in the general population specifically students. Therefore, this study aimed to study association between COVID-19 pandemic and lock down with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Polyoxovanadates as new P‐glycoprotein inhibitors: insights into the mechanism of inhibition
Authors: Kita Diogo Henrique , de Andrade Gisele Alves , Missina Juliana Morais , Postal Kahoana , Boell Viktor Kalbermatter , Santana Francielli Sousa , Zattoni Ingrid Fatima , Zanzarini Isadora da Silva , Moure Vivian Rotuno , Rego Fabiane Gomes de Moraes , Picheth Geraldo , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Mitchell David A. , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Nunes Giovana Gioppo , Valdameri Glaucio
Published: December 2021

A promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance is the use of inhibitors of ABC drug transporters. For this reason, we evaluated the polyoxovanadates (POVs) [V10O28]6– (V10), [H6V14O38(PO4)]5− (V14), [V15O36Cl]6− (V15) and [V18O42I]7− (V18) as inhibitors of three major multidrug resistance‐linked ABC transporters: P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), ABCG2 and MRP1. All of the POVs selectively inhibited P‐gp. V10 and V18 were the two most promising compounds, with IC50 values of transport inhibition of 25.4 and 22.7 µm, respectively. Both compounds inhibited P‐gp ATPase activity, with the same IC50 value of 1.26 µm. V10 and V18 triggered different conformational changes in the P‐gp protein with time‐dependent inhibition, which was confirmed using the synthesized salt of V10 with rhodamine B, RhoB‐V10. The hydrophilic nature of POVs supports the hypothesis that these compounds target an unusual ligand‐binding site, opening new possibilities in the development of potent modulators of ABC transporters.
UDP‐glucose dehydrogenase expression is upregulated following EMT and differentially affects intracellular glycerophosphocholine and acetylaspartate levels in breast mesenchymal cell lines
Authors: Wang Qiong , Karvelsson Sigurdur Trausti , Johannsson Freyr , Vilhjalmsson Arnar Ingi , Hagen Lars , de Miranda Fonseca Davi , Sharma Animesh , Slupphaug Geir , Rolfsson Ottar
Published: December 2021

Metabolic rewiring is one of the indispensable drivers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in breast cancer metastasis. In this study, we explored the metabolic changes during spontaneous EMT in three separately established breast EMT cell models using a proteomic approach supported by metabolomic analysis. We identified common proteomic changes, including the expression of CDH1, CDH2, VIM, LGALS1, SERPINE1, PKP3, ATP2A2, JUP, MTCH2, RPL26L1 and PLOD2. Consistently altered metabolic enzymes included the following: FDFT1, SORD, TSTA3 and UDP‐glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH). Of these, UGDH was most prominently altered and has previously been associated with breast cancer patient survival. siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of UGDH resulted in delayed cell proliferation and dampened invasive potential of mesenchymal cells and downregulated expression of the EMT transcription factor SNAI1. Metabolomic analysis revealed that siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of UGDH decreased intracellular glycerophosphocholine (GPC), whereas levels of acetylaspartate (NAA) increased. Finally, our data suggested that platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) signalling was activated in mesenchymal cells. siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of PDGFRB downregulated UGDH expression, potentially via NFkB‐p65. Our results support an unexplored relationship between UGDH and GPC, both of which have previously been independently associated with breast cancer progression.
Resuscitating the Field of Cardiac Regeneration: Seeking Answers from Basic Biology
Authors: Hsu Yaching , Huang Ke , Cheng Ke
Published: December 2021

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes for hospital admissions worldwide. HF patients are classified based on the chronic changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as preserved (LVEF ≥ 50%), reduced (LVEF ≤ 40%), or mid‐ranged (40% < LVEF < 50%) HFs. Treatments nowadays can prevent HFrEF progress, whereas only a few of the treatments have been proven to be effective in improving the survival of HFpEF. In this review, numerous mediators involved in the pathogenesis of HF are summarized. The regional upstream signaling and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential are also discussed. Additionally, the recent challenges and development in cardiac regenerative therapy that hold opportunities for future research and clinical translation are discussed.
A Synthetic Protocol for the Construction of Chroman‐Spiroquinazolin(thi)one Framework via a Metal‐Free, Three‐Component, Domino, Double Annulations
Authors: Wang Lingfeng , Li Song , Xiao Xuqiong , Xu Weiming , Zhang Pengfei , Ma Yongmin
Published: December 2021

A three‐component domino approach for the synthesis of chroman‐spiroquinazolin(thi)ones is described. It involves a condensation of 2‐aminoacetophenones and iso(thio)cyanates followed by a hetero‐Diels‐Alder annulation with 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope under a metal‐free catalytic condition.

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A General Protein Unfolding‐Chemical Coupling Strategy for Pure Protein Hydrogels with Mechanically Strong and Multifunctional Properties
Authors: Tang Ziqing , He Huacheng , Zhu Lin , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Yang Jia , Qin Gang , Wu Jiang , Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Chen Qiang , Zheng Jie
Published: December 2021

Protein‐based hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their excellent biocompatible properties, but often suffer from weak mechanical strength. Conventional strengthening strategies for protein‐based hydrogels are to introduce nanoparticles or synthetic polymers for improving their mechanical strength, but often compromise their biocompatibility. Here, a new, general, protein unfolding‐chemical coupling (PNC) strategy is developed to fabricate pure protein hydrogels without any additives to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent cell biocompatibility. This PNC strategy combines thermal‐induced protein unfolding/gelation to form a physically‐crosslinked network and a ‐NH2/‐COOH coupling reaction to generate a chemicallycrosslinked network. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a globular protein, PNC‐BSA hydrogels show macroscopic transparency, high stability, high mechanical properties (compressive/tensile strength of 115/0.43 MPa), fast stiffness/toughness recovery of 85%/91% at room temperature, good fatigue resistance, and low cell cytotoxicity and red blood cell hemolysis. More importantly, the PNC strategy can be not only generally applied to silk fibroin, ovalbumin, and milk albumin protein to form different, high strength protein hydrogels, but also modified with PEDOT/PSS nanoparticles as strain sensors and fluorescent fillers as color sensors. This work demonstrates a new, universal, PNC method to prepare high strength, multi‐functional, pure protein hydrogels beyond a few available today.
Dark and Bright Excitons in Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets
Authors: Gramlich Moritz , Swift Michael W. , Lampe Carola , Lyons John L. , Döblinger Markus , Efros Alexander L. , Sercel Peter C. , Urban Alexander S.
Published: December 2021

Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), with their large exciton binding energy, narrow photoluminescence (PL), and absence of dielectric screening for photons emitted normal to the NPL surface, could be expected to become the fastest luminophores amongst all colloidal nanostructures. However, super‐fast emission is suppressed by a dark (optically passive) exciton ground state, substantially split from a higher‐lying bright (optically active) state. Here, the exciton fine structure in 2–8 monolayer (ML) thick Csn − 1PbnBr3n + 1 NPLs is revealed by merging temperature‐resolved PL spectra and time‐resolved PL decay with an effective mass model taking quantum confinement and dielectric confinement anisotropy into account. This approach exposes a thickness‐dependent bright–dark exciton splitting reaching 32.3 meV for the 2 ML NPLs. The model also reveals a 5–16 meV splitting of the bright exciton states with transition dipoles polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NPL surfaces, the order of which is reversed for the thinnest NPLs, as confirmed by TR‐PL measurements. Accordingly, the individual bright states must be taken into account, while the dark exciton state strongly affects the optical properties of the thinnest NPLs even at room temperature. Significantly, the derived model can be generalized for any isotropically or anisotropically confined nanostructure.
On‐Demand, Direct Printing of Nanodiamonds at the Quantum Level
Authors: Xu Zhaoyi , Wang Lingzhi , Huan Xiao , Lee Heekwon , Yang Jihyuk , Zhou Zhiwen , Chen Mojun , Hu Shiqi , Liu Yu , Feng Shien‐Ping , Zhang Tongtong , Xu Feng , Chu Zhiqin , Kim Ji Tae
Published: December 2021

The quantum defects in nanodiamonds, such as nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, are emerging as a promising candidate for nanoscale sensing and imaging, and the controlled placement with respect to target locations is vital to their practical applications. Unfortunately, this prerequisite continues to suffer from coarse positioning accuracy, low throughput, and process complexity. Here, it is reported on direct, on‐demand electrohydrodynamic printing of nanodiamonds containing NV centers with high precision control over quantity and position. After thorough characterizations of the printing conditions, it is shown that the number of printed nanodiamonds can be controlled at will, attaining the single‐particle level precision. This printing approach, therefore, enables positioning NV center arrays with a controlled number directly on the universal substrate without any lithographic process. The approach is expected to pave the way toward new horizons not only for experimental quantum physics but also for the practical implementation of such quantum systems.
Understanding the Effects of Interfacial Lithium Ion Concentration on Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Park Jimin , Ha Son , Jung Jae Young , Hyun Jae‐Hwan , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Kim Nam Dong , Yun Young Soo
Published: December 2021

Despite the development of multidimensional state‐of‐the‐art electrode materials for constructing better lithium metal anodes (LMAs), the key factors influencing the electrochemical performance of LMAs are still poorly understood. Herein, it is demonstrated that the local lithium ion concentration at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte exerts significant influence on the electrochemical performance of LMAs. The local ion concentration is multiplied by introducing pseudocapacitive nanocarbons (PNCs) containing numerous heteroatoms, because PNCs can store large numbers of lithium ions in a pseudocapacitive manner, and promote the formation of an electrochemical double layer. The high interfacial lithium ion concentration induces the formation of lithium‐rich inorganic solid–electrolyte–interface layers with high ionic conductivities, and facilitates sustainable and stable supplies of lithium ion charge carriers on the overall active surfaces of the PNCs. Accordingly, the PNC‐induced LMA exhibits high Coulombic efficiencies, high rate capabilities, and stable cycling performance.
In Situ Fabrication of Cuprous Selenide Electrode via Selenization of Copper Current Collector for High‐Efficiency Potassium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Malin , Wang Shi‐Ping , Wang Chunzhong , Shen Zexiang , Bai Fu‐Quan , Du Fei
Published: December 2021

Selenium‐based materials are considered as desirable candidates for potassium‐ion and sodium‐ion storage. Herein, an in situ fabrication method is developed to prepare an integrated cuprous selenide electrode by means of directly chemical selenization of the copper current collector with commercial selenium powder. Interestingly, only the electrolyte of 1 m potassium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane with higher highest occupied molecular orbital energy and lower desolvation energy facilitates the formation of polyselenide intermediates and the further selenization of the copper current collector. Benefiting from the unique thin‐film‐like nanosheet morphology and the robust structural stability of the integrated electrode, the volume change and the loss of selenide species could be effectively restrained. Therefore, high performance is achieved in both potassium‐ion batteries (462 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 for 300 cycles) and sodium‐ion batteries (775 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 for 4000 cycles). The facile fabrication strategy paves a new direction for the design and preparation of high‐performance electrodes.
Beyond the CLAIM: A comprehensive needs assessment strategy for creating an Advanced Medical Education Research Training Program (ARMED‐MedEd)
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Jordan Jaime , Clarke Samuel O. , Lawson Luan , Coates Wendy C. , Yarris Lalena M. , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael ,   the Emergency Medicine Health Professions Education Research Consortium (EMPERC)
Published: December 2021

Background

The health professions education (HPE) landscape has shifted substantively with increasing professionalization of research and scholarship. Clinician educators seeking to become competitive in this domain often pursue fellowships and master’s degrees in HPE, but there are few resources for the continuing professional development (CPD) of those who seek to continue developing their scholarly practice within HPE. Acknowledging the multiple players in this landscape, the authors sought to design a new “beyond beginners” HPE research program using a novel needs assessment planning process.

Methods

The authors developed and conducted a new three‐phase, five‐step process that sets forth a programmatic approach to conducting a needs assessment for a CPD course in HPE research. The five steps of the CLAIM method are: Competitive analysis, Literature review with thematic analysis, Ask stakeholders, Internal review by experts, and Mapping of a curriculum. These steps are organized into three phases (Discovery, Convergence, and Synthesis).

Results

Over a 12‐month period, the authors completed a comprehensive needs assessment. The CLAIM process revealed that longitudinal digital connection, diverse and in depth exposure to HPE research methods, skills around scholarly publishing, and leadership and management of research would be beneficial to our design.

Conclusions

The CLAIM method provided scaffolding to help the authors create a robust curriculum that adopts a scholarly approach for developing a HPE research course. This needs assessment methodology may be useful in other CPD contexts.
Increased blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Nader Elie , Nougier Christophe , Boisson Camille , Poutrel Solene , Catella Judith , Martin Fiona , Charvet Juliette , Girard Sandrine , Havard‐Guibert Salomé , Martin Marie , Rezigue Hamdi , Desmurs‐Clavel Helene , Renoux Céline , Joly Philippe , Guillot Nicolas , Bertrand Yves , Hot Arnaud , Dargaud Yesim , Connes Philippe
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to (1) analyze blood viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability, and aggregation in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19); (2) test the associations between impaired blood rheology and blood coagulation; and (3) test the associations between impaired blood rheology and several indicators of clinical severity. A total of 172 patients with COVID‐19, hospitalized in COVID‐unit of the Internal Medicine Department (Lyon, France) participated in this study between January and May 2021. Clinical parameters were collected for each patient. Routine hematological/biochemical parameters, blood viscosity, RBC deformability and aggregation, and RBC senescence markers were measured on the first day of hospitalization. A control group of 38 healthy individuals was constituted to compare the blood rheological and RBC profile. Rotational thromboelastography was performed in 76 patients to study clot formation dynamics. Our study demonstrated that patients with COVID‐19 had increased blood viscosity despite lower hematocrit than healthy individuals, as well as increased RBC aggregation. In‐vitro experiments demonstrated a strong contribution of plasma fibrinogen in this RBC hyper‐aggregation. RBC aggregation correlated positively with clot firmness, negatively with clot formation time, and positively with the length of hospitalization. Patients with oxygen supplementation had higher RBC aggregation and blood viscosity than those without, and patients with pulmonary lesions had higher RBC aggregation and enhanced coagulation than those without. This study is the first to demonstrate blood hyper‐viscosity and RBC hyper‐aggregation in a large cohort of patients with COVID‐19 and describe associations with enhanced coagulation and clinical outcomes.
A Topologically Engineered Gold Island for Programmed In Vivo Stem Cell Manipulation
Authors: Cui Tingting , Wu Si , Wei Yue , Qin Hongshuang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: December 2021

Even a well‐designed system can only control stem cell adhesion, release, and differentiation, while other cell manipulations such as in situ labeling and retention in target tissues, are difficult to achieve in the same system. Herein, native ligand cluster‐mimicking islands, composed of topologically engineered ligand, anchoring point AuNP, nuclease mimetics CeIV complexes and magnetic core Fe3O4, are designed to facilitate comprehensive cell manipulations in a programmable manner. Three islands with different amounts of AuNPs are constructed, which means tunable interligand spacing within a cluster. These nanostructures are chemically coupled to a substrate using DNA tethers. Under a tissue‐penetrative magnetic field, this integrated system promotes stem cell adhesion, proliferation, mechanosensing, differentiation, detachment, in situ effective magnetic labeling and retention both in vitro and in vivo, offering fascinating opportunities for a biomimetic matrix in regenerative medicine.