bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genus Austrophilopterus Ewing (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from toucans, toucanets, and araçaris (Piciformes: Ramphastidae)
Authors: PRICE ROGER D. , WECKSTEIN JASON D.
Published: February 2017

Examination of material representing the 24 previously named species and subspecies of Austrophilopterus resulted in recognition of only 6 of these as valid species and 18 as synonymies, including a previously established junior synonym and 17 new synonymies. These 6 species are redescribed and illustrated. One new species, A. thysi, is described from the type host Selenidera gouldii (Natterer).
Review of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, with description of a new species (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)
Authors: OYAKAWA OSVALDO T. , AKAMA ALBERTO , ZANATA ANGELA M.
Published: February 2017

Species of the loricariid genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 from rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage (São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil) are reviewed. Four species were found in the area: H. agna (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907), H. ancistroides (Ihering, 1911), H. interruptus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918), and a new species H. tapijara. Hypostomus tapijara is distinguished from its congeners inhabiting rio Ribeira de Iguape basin by the presence of well defined large, dark, and roundish spots somewhat homogeneously distributed over body and fins, and by its relatively broad dorsal fin (interradial membranes apparently wider than in examined congeners from coastal Brazilian drainages). A key, descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species.
The genus Canidia Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini)
Authors: WAPPES JAMES E. , LINGAFELTER STEVEN W.
Published: February 2017

The lamiine genus Canidia Thomson is redefined with Canidiopsis Dillon and Pseudocanidia Dillon as new synonyms. Three new species from Mexico are described and illustrated: Canidia chemsaki, C. giesberti, and C. turnbowi. The following new synonymies are proposed: Canidiopsis similis Dillon, 1955 and Canidiopsis hebes Dillon, 1955 = Canidia mexicana Thomson, 1860; Pseudocanidia cuernavacae Dillon, 1955 = Dectes spinicornis Bates, 1881; and Dectes (Canidia) balteata var. inapicalis Tippmann, 1960 = Dectes balteatus Lacordaire, 1872. A key to the eight species and one subspecies is presented.
Glyptothorax botius (Hamilton, 1822), a valid species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from northeast India, with notes on the identity of G. telchitta (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: NG HEOK HEE
Published: February 2017

Glyptothorax botius is revalidated from synonymy with G. telchitta. Both G. botius and G. telchitta are known from the Ganges River drainage in northeast India, and differ from congeners in the region in having a combination of large, prominent tubercles on the head and body, a thoracic adhesive apparatus without a median depression, and a very slender body and caudal peduncle. Glyptothorax botius was previously considered a synonym of G. telchitta, but differs from it in having a more rounded snout when viewed laterally, the presence (vs. absence) of dark saddles on the body, a thoracic adhesive apparatus with broader folds of skin, a longer adipose-fin base (12.0–16.4% SL vs. 9.5–11.5) and a more slender caudal peduncle (3.1–4.2% SL vs. 4.7–5.9). Both species are redescribed in this study, and neotypes are designated to fix their taxonomy.
Leptocephali collected off the eastern coast of Brazil (12°–23°S)
Authors: DE CASTRO MÁRCIA SALUSTIANO , BONECKER ANA CRISTINA TEIXEIRA
Published: February 2017

Although leptocephali are very conspicuous in plankton samples little is known about their occurrence and distribution along the Brazilian coast. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the leptocephali and their distribution pattern along the eastern Brazilian coast, which is limited in the north by Real River (12°S) and in the south by São Tomé Cape (23°S). Samples were collected during three oceanographic cruises conducted on October–December 1998, May–July 1999 and March–May 2000. Samplings were done using a bongo net with mesh apertures of 330 and 500 µm. The net was towed obliquely and the maximum depth was 200 m. A total of 13 families, 12 genera and 29 species of leptocephali were identified in the study area. Most taxa identified had already been recorded as adult, but the larval phase of some of them had not been identified for this region yet. Among them, Derichthyidae, Avocettina paucipora and Tiluropsis had not been recorded for this region either as adult or as larvae. Most taxa occurred mainly along the Bahia coast but some species were collected strictly in the southern region of the study area.
Four new species and new records for the spider genus Synotaxus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Synotaxidae) from Brazil
Authors: SANTOS ADALBERTO J. , RHEIMS CRISTINA A.
Published: February 2017

Four new species of Synotaxus Simon are described and illustrated based on material from northern and northeastern Brazil: S. brescoviti n. sp., S. bonaldoi n. sp., S. siolii n. sp. and S. itabaiana n. sp. New records are presented for S. longicaudatus (Keyserling), S. monoceros (Caporiacco) and S. waiwai Agnarsson. A map with all species records included is provided.
A catalog and distributional analysis of the Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador
Authors: PAUCAR-CABRERA AURA
Published: February 2017

Research on the Ecuadorian Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was conducted to determine the diversity of the group in Ecuador and to examine distributional patterns. Results showed that the Rutelinae are distributed in all zoogeographical zones of the country except the Galápagos Islands. Species of Rutelinae occupy a wide variety of habitats ranging from sea level to the high Andes. Areas with the greatest diversity of species, in decreasing order, are the tropical habitats on both sides of the Andes, the subtropical, and the temperate zones. Ecuador has 298 species and 53 genera of Rutelinae. In sum, 36% of the species are endemic to Ecuador.Se realizó un estudio faunístico con el objetivo de conocer la biodiversidad de Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en el Ecuador. Los resultados muestran que la subfamilia Rutelinae está distribuida en todos los pisos zoogeográficos del Ecuador excepto en Galápagos. Las especies de Rutelinae ocupan una amplia variedad de hábitats desde el nivel del mar hasta el piso alto andino. Las áreas con mayor diversidad de especies, en orden decreciente, son los pisos tropicales, subtropicales y temperado. Ecuador tiene 298 especies y 53 géneros de Rutelinae. El 36% de las especies son endémicas.
Dendromonocotyle bradsmithi n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the skin of Myliobatis australis (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatidae) off Adelaide and Perth, Australia: description of adult and larva
Authors: CHISHOLM LESLIE A. , GLENNON VANESSA , WHITTINGTON IAN D.
Published: February 2017

Dendromonocotyle bradsmithi n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from the dorsal skin surface of the southern eagle ray, Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881, collected from the mouth of the Port Adelaide River, Adelaide, South Australia. Specimens of D. bradsmithi were also found on 2 M. australis specimens collected off Mandurah, Western Australia (WA) and on 1 M. australis kept in a public aquarium in Perth (AQWA),WA. Dendromonocotyle bradsmithi is distinguished most easily from the other 12 species in the genus by the morphology of the distal portion of the male copulatory organ. The anatomy of the oncomiracidium determined by examining live larvae and the distribution of the ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla revealed by silver staining are also provided.
A new species of Longitarsus Latreille, 1825 from Mexico (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae, Longitarsini)
Authors: SAVINI VILMA , ESCALONA HERMES E.
Published: February 2017

Longitarsus bethae sp. n. from Mexico is described, diagnostic illustrations are included; this species is under study as a biocontrol agent of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), a worldwide weed.
Two new species of Entomelas (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), parasites of Barisia spp. and Mesaspis spp. (Reptilia: Sauria) in Mexico
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-SALAZAR ELIZABETH A. , LEÓN-RÈGAGNON VIRGINIA
Published: February 2017

Entomelas campbelli n. sp. (Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs of Barisia imbricata and Mesaspis gadovii (Sauria) and Entomelas floresvillelai n. sp. from B. imbricata, B. herrerae and M. viridiflava (Sauria) are described and illustrated. Both species are similar to E. duellmani in the equatorial location of vulva; E. campbelli resembles E. duellmani in measurements of the buccal capsule, but differs in the shape of the tail, body length, egg size, esophagus length and tail length/body length ratio; E. floresvillelai resembles E. duellmani by possessing a blunt tail, but differs in the body length, egg size, depth of the buccal capsule, length of the esophagus and tail length/ body length ratio. Entomelas campbelli differs from E. florevillelai in the shape of the anterior end and the tail, width of the body and buccal capsule, width of the esophageal bulb, egg size and esophagus length/body length ratio. These are the second and third species assigned to New World Entomelas and the second record of the genus from Mexico.
A new species of Formosiepyris Terayama, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from China
Authors: XU ZAIFU , HE JUNHUA
Published: February 2017

A new species of the genus Formosiepyris Terayama, 2004 is described from Fujian Province, China. A key to the species of Formosiepyris is given.
New and poorly known species of coelotine spiders (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from Thailand
Authors: DANKITTIPAKUL PAKAWIN , CHAMI-KRANON THANAPHUM , WANG XIN-PING
Published: February 2017

Two new species of the subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) are described from Thailand. Coelotes suthepicus sp. n. (% & ) was recorded from an evergreen hill forest near the summit of Doi Pui, northern Thailand. Asiacoelotes sparus sp. n. (%) was collected from a lower montane rain forest on Khao Khieo, Khao Yai National Park, central Thailand. The genus Asiacoelotes Wang, 2002 is reported from this country for the first time, where it presumably reaches its southernmost zoogeographical boundary. Additional specimens of C. thailandensis Dankittipakul & Wang, 2003 are collected from Doi Inthanon National Park; the female of this species is described here; variation in male palpal structure is illustrated. Males of Draconarius monticola Dankittipakul, Sonthichai & Wang, 2005 are collected and described from Doi Chiang Dao.
Pontoniine shrimps from the 2003 NORFANZ Expedition, 10 May–16 June (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: February 2017

A report is presented on a small collection of pontoniine shrimps, from the Tasman Sea, by the 2003 NORFANZ Expedition. The report includes information on 5 taxa, including two species new to science, Periclimenes fenneri and P. tangeroa. Hamiger novaezealandiae Borradaile is now recorded for the first time since 1910.
Description of Ossinissa, a new pholcid genus from the Canary Islands (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Authors: DIMITROV DIMITAR , RIBERA CARLES
Published: February 2017

Ossinissa new genus (Araneae, Pholcidae) is described to place a Canarian pholcid species formerly considered belonging to Spermophorides. The male of the type species, Ossinissa justoi (Wunderlich) new combination, is described for the first time and the female is re-described. This new genus is supported by a revision of the morphological characters of the female, the newly discovered male, and a cladistic analysis.
First record of the scorpion genus Chactas Gervais, 1844, for Brazil with description of a new species from western State of Amazonas (Scorpiones: Chactidae)
Authors: LOURENÇO WILSON R. , AGUIAR NAIR O. , FRANKLIN ELIZABETH
Published: February 2017

A new species, Chactas braziliensis sp. n., is described from Brazilian Amazonia. It can be distinguished from congeners by its small size, a generally darker coloration, a higher number of pectinal teeth, a totally smooth vesicle and its ecological preferences. The genus Chactas Gervais, 1844 is recorded for the first time for Brazil and the Amazon basin. The geographical pattern of its distribution is discussed.
A new species of Vittacus Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae) from Qinling Area, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: XUE XIAO-FENG , SONG ZI-WEI , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: February 2017

A new species of eriophyid mite from China, Vittacus humuli sp. nov. (Phyllocoptinae: Anthocoptini) collected from Japan Hop, Humulus scandens, is described and illustrated. This new species is vagrant on leaves. A key to world species of the genus Vittacus is provided.
Emergent Constraints in Climate Projections: A Case Study of Changes in High-Latitude Temperature Variability
Authors: Borodina Aleksandra , Fischer Erich M. , Knutti Reto
Published: February 2017

Climate projections from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble show a decrease in interannual surface temperature variability over high latitudes with a large intermodel spread, in particular over the areas of sea ice retreat. Here relationships are found between the models’ present-day performance in sea ice–related metrics and future changes in temperature variability. These relations, so-called emergent constraints, can produce ensembles of models calibrated with present-day observations with a narrower spread across their members than across the full ensemble. The underlying assumption is that models in better agreement with observations or reanalyses in a carefully selected metric probably have a more realistic representation of local processes, and therefore are more reliable for projections. Thus, the reliability of this method depends on the availability of high-quality observations or reanalyses. This work represents a step toward formalization of the emergent constraints framework, as so far there is no consensus on how the constraints should be best implemented. The authors quantify the reduction in spread from emerging constraints for various metrics and their combinations, different emission scenarios, and seasons. Some of the general features of emerging constraints are discussed, and how to effectively aggregate information across metrics and seasons to achieve the largest reduction in model spread. It is demonstrated, based on the case of temperature variability, that a robust constraint can be obtained by combining relevant metrics across all seasons. Such a constraint results in a strongly reduced spread across model projections, which is consistent with a process understanding of variability changes due to sea ice retreat.
Observation of a Large Lee Wave in the Drake Passage
Authors: Cusack Jesse M. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Smeed David A. , Girton James B.
Published: February 2017

Lee waves are thought to play a prominent role in Southern Ocean dynamics, facilitating a transfer of energy from the jets of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to microscale, turbulent motions important in water mass transformations. Two EM-APEX profiling floats deployed in the Drake Passage during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment (DIMES) independently measured a 120 ± 20-m vertical amplitude lee wave over the Shackleton Fracture Zone. A model for steady EM-APEX motion is developed to calculate absolute vertical water velocity, augmenting the horizontal velocity measurements made by the floats. The wave exhibits fluctuations in all three velocity components of over 15 cm s−1 and an intrinsic frequency close to the local buoyancy frequency. The wave is observed to transport energy and horizontal momentum vertically at respective peak rates of 1.3 ± 0.2 W m−2 and 8 ± 1 N m−2. The rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation is estimated using both Thorpe scales and a method that isolates high-frequency vertical kinetic energy and is found to be enhanced within the wave to values of order 10−7 W kg−1. The observed vertical flux of energy is significantly larger than expected from idealized numerical simulations and also larger than observed depth-integrated dissipation rates. These results provide the first unambiguous observation of a lee wave in the Southern Ocean with simultaneous measurements of its energetics and dynamics.
Differences and Relationships Between Normal and Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Tissues in the Breast Based on Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Bing , Du Ye , Fu Ton , Fan Zhimin , Xu Shuping , Hu Chengxu , Bi Lirong , Gao Ting , Zhang Haipeng , Xu Weiqing
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to find the differences and relationships between normal, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions of the breast based on biochemical characteristics determined by Raman spectroscopy (RS). After collecting 39 frozen sections from patients who underwent surgical resection or mammotome biopsy, nine normal tissues, seven ADH, eight DCIS, and 15 IDC lesions were detected using confocal RS. We then used leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and radial basis function (RBF) to build a support vector machine (SVM) diagnosis model. Pronounced mean Raman spectra differences were observed between normal tissues, ADH, DCIS, and IDC tissues. Most noticeable was the increased protein and reduced lipid levels of ADH tissues compared to normal tissues. The major spectra differences in ADH, DCIS, and IDC spectrograms were evidenced by a red shift with a broad peak of CH2 (1301 cm−1), the intensity of the stretching vibration peak of carotenoids (1526 cm−1), a relatively strong band of amide-I (1656 cm−1), and the nuclear (882 cm−1) acid peak. Atypical ductal hyperplasia tissues had the largest constituent variations between subjects. During the disease progression, IDC tissues have smaller inter-subject constituent variations than DCIS and ADH tissues. The overall accuracy of SVM model is 74.39%. The sensitivities of normal tissue, ADH, DCIS, and IDC are 62.5%, 50%, 90%, and 66.7%, respectively. The specificities of normal tissue, ADH, DCIS, and IDC are 100%, 100%, 66.7%, and 89.06%, respectively. Atypical ductal hyperplasia shows significant differences and the relationship between normal tissue and malignant disease. Further study to explain the biochemical relationships between these differences will shed more light into a better understanding of the mechanism by which ADH converts to DCIS and to IDC.
A Sociocultural Approach to Children’s Perceptions of Death and Loss
Authors: Yang Sungeun , Park Soyeon
Published: February 2017

By employing the phenomenographic approach, the present study explored children's cognitive understanding of and emotional responses to death and bereavement. Participants included 52 Korean, 16 Chinese, and 16 Chinese American children ages 5–6. Thematic analysis of children's drawings and open-ended interviews revealed that most children associated death with negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, and sadness. The majority of children used realistic expressions to narrate death. The core themes from their drawings included causes for death, attempts to stop the dying, and situations after death. This study contributes to the literature by targeting young children who have been relatively excluded in death studies and provides evidence in the usefulness of drawings as a developmentally appropriate data collection tool. The findings also enrich our knowledge about children's understanding of death and bereavement, rooted in the inductive analysis of empirical data with children from culturally diverse backgrounds.
The effects of hypercapnia on cortical capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH) in anesthetized mice
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jiménez Eugenio , Angleys Hugo , Rasmussen Peter Mondrup , Mikkelsen Irene Klærke , Mouridsen Kim , Østergaard Leif
Published: February 2017

Capillary flow patterns are highly heterogeneous in the resting brain. During hyperemia, capillary transit-time heterogeneity (CTH) decreases, in proportion to blood's mean transit time (MTT) in passive, compliant microvascular networks. Previously, we found that functional activation reduces the CTH:MTT ratio, suggesting that additional homogenization takes place through active neurocapillary coupling mechanisms. Here, we examine changes in the CTH:MTT ratio during hypercapnic hyperemia in anesthetized mice (C57Bl/6NTac), expecting that homogenization is smaller than during functional hyperemia. We used an indicator-dilution technique and multiple capillary scans by two-photon microscopy to estimate CTH and MTT. During hypercapnia, MTT and CTH decreased as derived from indicator-dilution between artery and vein, as well as between arterioles and venules. The CTH:MTT ratio, however, increased. The same tendency was observed in the estimates from capillary scans. The parallel reductions of MTT and CTH are consistent with previous data. We speculate that the relative increase in CTH compared to MTT during hypercapnia represents either or both capillary constrictions and blood passage through functional thoroughfare channels. Intriguingly, hemodynamic responses to hypercapnia declined with cortical depth, opposite previous reports of hemodynamic responses to functional activation. Our findings support the role of CTH in cerebral flow-metabolism coupling during hyperemia.
Microstructures in striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal circuit in methamphetamine users
Authors: Li Yadi , Dong Haibo , Li Feng , Wang Gaoyan , Zhou Wenhua , Yu Rongbin , Zhang Lingjun
Published: February 2017

Background

Striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal (STO) circuit plays a key role in the development of drug addiction. Few studies have investigated its microstructural abnormalities in methamphetamine (MA) users.

Purpose

To evaluate the microstructural changes and relevant clinical relevance of the STO circuit in MA users using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Material and Methods

Twenty-eight MA users and 28 age-matched normal volunteers were enrolled. 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to obtain structural T1-weighted (T1W) imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) data. Freesurfer software was used for automated segmentation of the bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAc), thalami, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Four DTI measures maps, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusion (AD), and radial diffusion (RD) were generated and non-linearly co-registered to structural space. Comparisons of DTI measures of the STO circuit were carried out between MA and controls using repeated measures analysis of variance. Correlation analyses were performed between STO circuit DTI measures and clinical characteristics.

Results

The MA group had significant FA reduction in the bilateral NAc, OFC, and right thalamus ( P < 0.05). Lower left OFC FA and right NAc FA/AD were associated with longer duration of MA use. Lower right OFC FA was associated with younger age at first MA use. Higher FA and lower MD/RD in the thalamus, as well as higher left OFC RD, were associated with increased psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion

The STO circuit has reduced microstructural integrity in MA users. Microstructural changes in the thalamus may compensate for dysfunction in functionally connected cortices, which needs further investigation.
The effect of ulnar variance on scapholunate and capitolunate angles
Authors: Tosun Ozgur , Çilengir Atilla Hikmet , Dirim Mete Berna , Uluc Muhsin Engin , Oyar Orhan , Tosun Aliye
Published: February 2017

Background

Ulnar variance (UV), which is measured using anteroposterior (AP) X-rays, is associated with the development of multiple wrist pathologies. The scapholunate angle (SLA) and capitolunate angle (CLA) are measured using lateral X-rays, and these can be used in the diagnosis of intercalated segmental instability.

Purpose

To determine the effect of UV on SLA and CLA.

Material and Methods

A total of 140 patients (73 women, 67 men; mean age, 37.8 ± 14.6 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35.4–40.3) were included in the study. Participants were excluded if they presented with fractures or malunions, any arthritic conditions, avascular necrosis, congenital deformities, or bone and soft tissue tumors. UV, SLA, and CLA were measured using AP and lateral wrist X-rays.

Results

Patients were grouped as positive, neutral, and negative UV. There was no statistically significant difference in mean ages, sex, and sides (left or right) between the UV groups ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of SLA and CLA between the UV groups ( P > 0.05). UV showed no statistically significant association with SLA and CLA (r = –0.064; P = 0.455, and r = 0.059; P = 0.485, respectively). However, there was a statistically significant association between SLA and CLA (r = –0.482; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

There is higher prevalence of neutral UV and no correlation between UV with respect to age and sex of patients in the local Turkish population. SLA and CLA are not affected by UV. There is a negative correlation between SLA and CLA.
Critical theory of technology and STS
Authors: Feenberg Andrew
Published: February 2017

The Critical Theory of the early Frankfurt School promised, in Adorno’s words, a ‘rational critique of reason’. Science and Technology Studies can play a role in the renewal of this approach. STS is based on a critique of the very same technocratic and scientistic assumptions against which Critical Theory argues. Its critique of positivism and determinism has political implications. But at its origins STS took what Wiebe Bijker called the ‘detour into the academy’ in order to institutionalize itself as a social science. It adopted empirical methods, developed case histories, and limited its scope, avoiding politically controversial issues. Its latent political critique has become explicit in recent years as STS has responded to the rise of technical politics by broadening its concerns. Its wide scope converges with the equally encompassing Critical Theory. Together, STS and Critical Theory offer a new concept of politics.
Replies
Authors: Feenberg Andrew
Published: February 2017

In these replies I address criticism of my work on the grounds that I adopt a ‘humanist’ approach, underestimate the aesthetic potential of contemporary video games, overlook the role of the nation-state in resisting technological imperialism, fail to appreciate the risks of reactionary appropriations of technology, and introduce an extrinsic and dubious aesthetic value into the philosophy of technology. In the course of responding to these criticisms, I reiterate several of the basic claims of critical theory of technology.
Managing environmental sustainability in a healthcare setting
Authors: Langstaff Karen , Brzozowski Victoria
Published: February 2017

How does a hospital sustain its journey towards environmental sustainability? To date, most hospitals have embarked on some strategies for improving environmental performance, whether it’s reducing energy or landfill waste. Environmental sustainability strategies, however, can often lose momentum or stagnate if not championed by someone whose full-time role is to assess, monitor, and bring new strategies to the table. In the face of ongoing budget deficits, it is increasingly difficult to get adequate support and buy-in for this type of role unless the leadership of the organization is committed to an environmental sustainability program. This article will examine the strategies and outcomes of an environmental sustainability plan for one hospital from 2008 to present, including best strategies, lessons learned, and what lies ahead of us in the new world of capping greenhouse gas emissions.
Efficacy of bubaline fibrin glue on full-thickness pinch and punch skin grafting in a pig
Authors: Dejyong Krittee , Kaewamatawong Theerayuth , Brikshavana Pasakorn , Durongphongtorn Sumit
Published: February 2017

Fibrin glue, which is formed from the action of thrombin (a serine protease) on fibrinogen, has been developed for use as an adhesive to increase the success of skin graft surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate if bubaline fibrin glue would promote skin graft survival in pigs. The grafting was divided into two steps. First, granulation wound preparation was performed in a healthy swine by creating four full-skin depth wounds (3 × 12 cm2) at the dorsal part of the loin area on each side. Second, pinch and punch skin grafting, where eight skin discs (0.6 cm diameter) were regularly placed (0.6 cm distance apart) in the granulation tissue bed of each wound, was performed 5 days later. The bubaline fibrin glue was added prior to application of the 16 skin graft discs in two of the wounds, while no glue was added to the other 16 skin graft discs in the other two wounds. The number of surviving graft pieces and histological examination was evaluated after 3, 7, and 14 days post-operation and compared by pairing between the control and the bubaline fibrin glue groups. The number of grafts that remained at 3 and 7 days post-operation and the number of new microvessels at 3 days post-operation were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the bubaline fibrin glue group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the number of fibroblasts, the intensity of scarring and the intensity of inflammation between the two groups, except for the significantly lower intensity of inflammation at 7 days post-operation in the bubaline fibrin glue group. In conclusion, bubaline fibrin glue has the advantage of decreasing the skin graft loss by approximately 31.3–37.5% compared with the control group and also promotes angiogenesis.
Capitalism, Patriarchy, Slavery, and Racism in the Age of Digital Capitalism and Digital Labour
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: February 2017

This article asks: How can understanding the relationship of exploitation and oppression inform the study of digital labour and digital capitalism? It combines the analysis of capitalism, patriarchy, slavery, and racism in order to analyse digital labour. The approach taken also engages with a generalization of David Roediger’s wages of whiteness approach, Marxist feminism, Angela Davis’s Marxist black feminism, Rosa Luxemburg, Kylie Jarrett’s concept of the digital housewife, Jack Qiu’s notion of iSlavery, Eileen Meehan’s concept of the gendered audience commodity, and Carter Wilson and Audrey Smedley’s historical analyses of racism and class. The article presents a typology of differences and commonalities between wage-labour, slave-labour, reproductive labour, and Facebook labour. It shows that the digital data commodity is both gendered and racialized. It analyses how class, patriarchy, slavery, and racism overgrasp into each other in the realm of digital capitalism. It also introduces the notions of the organic composition of labour and the rate of reproductive labour and shows, based on example data, how to calculate these ratios that provide insights into the reality of unpaid labour in capitalism.
An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines
Authors: Hellier Paul , Talibi Midhat , Eveleigh Aaron , Ladommatos Nicos
Published: February 2017

Future fuels for compression ignition engines will be required both to reduce the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from fossil sources and to contribute to the reductions in the exhaust levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Via various processes of biological, chemical and physical conversion, feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass and photosynthetic micro-organisms will yield a wide variety of potential fuel molecules. Furthermore, modification of the production processes may allow the targeted manufacture of fuels of specific molecular structure. This paper therefore presents an overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines, highlighting in particular the submolecular features common to a variety of potential fuels. An increase in the straight-chain length of the alkyl moiety reduces the duration of ignition delay, and the introduction of double bonds or branching to an alkyl moiety both increase ignition delay. The movement of a double bond towards the centre of an alkyl chain, or the addition of oxygen to a molecule, can both increase and decrease the duration of ignition delay dependent on the overall fuel structure. Nitrogen oxide emissions are primarily influenced by the duration of fuel ignition delay, but in the case of hydrogen and methane pilot-ignited premixed combustion arise only at flame temperatures sufficiently high for thermal production. An increase in aromatic ring number and physical properties such as the fuel boiling point increase particulate matter emissions at constant combustion phasing.
Sleepy Punishers Are Harsh Punishers
Authors: Cho Kyoungmin , Barnes Christopher M. , Guanara Cristiano L.
Published: February 2017

The degree of punishment assigned to criminals is of pivotal importance for the maintenance of social order and cooperation. Nonetheless, the amount of punishment assigned to transgressors can be affected by factors other than the content of the transgressions. We propose that sleep deprivation in judges increases the severity of their sentences. We took advantage of the natural quasi-manipulation of sleep deprivation during the shift to daylight saving time in the spring and analyzed archival data from judicial punishment handed out in the U.S. federal courts. The results supported our hypothesis: Judges doled out longer sentences when they were sleep deprived.
‘Insane criminals’ and the ‘criminally insane’: criminal asylums in Norway, 1895–1940
Authors: Dahl Hilde
Published: February 2017

This article looks into the establishment and development of two criminal asylums in Norway. Influenced by international psychiatry and a European reorientation of penal law, the country chose to institutionalize insane criminals and criminally insane in separate asylums. Norway’s first criminal asylum was opened in 1895, and a second in 1923, both in Trondheim. Both asylums quickly filled up with patients who often stayed for many years, and some for their entire lives. The official aim of these asylums was to confine and treat dangerous and disruptive lunatics. Goffman postulates that total institutions typically fall short of their official aims. This study examines records of the patients who were admitted to the two Trondheim asylums, in order to see if the official aims were achieved.
Disease characterization of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Quebec
Authors: Ng R , Bernatsky S , Rahme E
Published: February 2017

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an array of organ manifestations that can appear during flares and disappear during remissions. The objectives of this study were: (i) to examine SLE manifestation groups longitudinally in an SLE cohort; and (ii) to assess the association between early antimalarial treatment and renal manifestations.

Methods

Seven SLE manifestation groups—cutaneous, hematologic, lung, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, serositis, renal—were tracked using Kaplan-Meier survival curves in an incident SLE cohort from Quebec health administrative data ( n = 2010). A subgroup with provincial drug insurance coverage was followed over time to examine the association between early antimalarial treatment (within three months after SLE diagnosis) and renal manifestations using a Cox proportional hazards survival model.

Results

Cutaneous manifestations was the most common manifestation at SLE diagnosis (30.0%, 95% CI: 27.7–32.2%). About two-thirds (66.2%, 95% CI: 63.4–68.9%) of patients had evidence of at least one SLE manifestation at diagnosis, which increased to 87.2% (95% CI: 84.2–90.3%) by the end of follow-up. After adjusting for age, sex, early concomitant systemic steroid therapy, Charlson comorbidity index, primary care visits in the year prior and other SLE manifestations at baseline, no statistically significant association was established between antimalarial therapy and renal manifestations.

Conclusion

This study provides insight regarding organ manifestations within a population-based sample. Most patients identified with SLE had other diagnostic evidence that supports an underlying diagnosis of SLE. No protective effects for antimalarial agents against renal manifestations could be established in this population-based cohort.
Collective Entrepreneurship, Environmental Uncertainty and Small Business Performance: A Contingent Examination
Authors: Yan Jun , Yan Li
Published: February 2017

This study empirically investigates the relationship between collective entrepreneurial capability and small business performance in different environmental conditions. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis of data from more than 100 small businesses shows that the collective entrepreneurial capability of a small business is positively associated with its competitive performance. Among the three investigated environmental dimensions, environmental dynamism is found to have a positive interaction effect with collective entrepreneurial capability on small business performance. Environmental hostility is found to have a negative interaction effect with collective entrepreneurial capability on small business performance. No interaction effect is found between environmental heterogeneity and collective entrepreneurial capability. Implications of this study are discussed.
Analysis of the Determinants of Alcohol Consumption among Adult Males in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Rasiah Rajah
Published: February 2017

The objective of the present study is to examine the socio-economic determinants of alcohol consumption among adult males in Malaysia. A nationally representative data consisting of 13,756 respondents are used. A logistic regression model is applied to examine the factors affecting the likelihood of consuming alcohol. The results show that younger individuals, higher income earners, ethnic Chinese, the well-educated, urban dwellers, private sector employees, the self-employed and smokers are associated with a higher likelihood of consuming alcohol. Studies of this topic appear to have important implications for policy and practice.
Investigation of AGID and two commercial ELISAs for the detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus–specific antibodies in sheep serum
Authors: Evans Caitlin A. , Lanyon Sasha R. , Reichel Michael P.
Published: February 2017

Effective control and the eventual eradication of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from cattle populations depend on the accurate identification of infected animals. Although typically a disease agent of cattle, BVDV is known to infect a wide variety of nonbovine species, including sheep. However, validation of serologic tests in these nonbovine species, particularly sheep, is lacking. We analyzed 99 sheep sera (57 samples from Pestivirus-naive sheep, and 42 samples from BVDV-inoculated sheep) in order to investigate 3 serologic tests: the agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and 2 commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of BVDV antibodies. At the manufacturer’s cutoff thresholds, the AGID performed with 95.2% diagnostic sensitivity; ELISA-A performed with sensitivity of 90.5% and ELISA-B with 69.1%. All 3 tests performed with 100% diagnostic specificity. Two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that performance characteristics were optimized, such that both diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity were >95% for both ELISAs, if the thresholds were altered to 34.9% inhibition for ELISA-A and 63.5 signal-to-noise ratio for ELISA-B.
Integrating Participatory Practices in Ship Design and Construction
Authors: Mallam Steven C. , Lundh Monica , MacKinnon Scott N.
Published: February 2017

Ship procurement is a globalized, multidisciplinary development process that demands lean manufacturing solutions for the highly competitive and safety-critical shipping industry. This article presents the software prototype E-SET (Ergonomic Ship Evaluation Tool), specifically created to facilitate participatory design processes throughout ship development. E-SET is a diagnostic visualization tool that utilizes digital renderings of ship’s drawings to quantitatively calculate, map, and evaluate movement of crew and their work tasks throughout a ship’s structure. This flexible and accessible digital platform facilitates multidisciplinary stakeholder knowledge transfer in order to implement and optimize user-centered design solutions in ship design.
Explaining Gender Differences in Interests
Authors: Ludwikowski Wyndolyn M. A. , Armstrong Patrick I. , Lannin Daniel G.
Published: February 2017

This study integrated Holland’s themes within a modified social cognitive career theory (SCCT) model, exploring whether gender-related personality variables account for the relations between gender and vocational interests. Undergraduates ( N = 452) completed expressiveness, instrumentality, and realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC)-based measures of learning experiences, self-efficacy, and interests. Through structural equation modeling, the paths via expressiveness and instrumentality fully explained gender’s effect on artistic and conventional interests, respectively. The paths through instrumentality partially explained gender’s effect on investigative and enterprising interests, while gender’s effect on social interest was partially explained through expressiveness and instrumentality when considering the path without self-efficacy. The paths through expressiveness and instrumentality partially explained gender’s effect on realistic interests. Adding direct paths from learning experiences to interests improved model fit for realistic, artistic, and social models. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrently assessing the RIASEC and SCCT frameworks to delineate factors that influence gender differences in vocational interests.
The Therapeutic Shoe Bill: Medicare Coverage for Prescription Footwear for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Janisse Dennis J.
Published: February 2017

This article describes the extent of coverage and the process of obtaining Medicare coverage for prescription footwear for patients with diabetes and reflects policies in effect as of April 1, 2004.
Current Topics Review: Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Trepman Elly , Nihal Aneel , Pinzur Michael S.
Published: February 2017

Charcot arthropathy is a destructive process, most commonly affecting joints of the foot and ankle in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy. Affected individuals present with swelling, warmth, and erythema, often without history of trauma. Bony fragmentation, fracture, and dislocation progress to foot deformity, bony prominence, and instability. This often causes ulceration and deep infection that may necessitate amputation. Instability or deformity may limit the ability to use standard footwear. Treatment is focused on providing a stable and plantigrade foot for functional ambulation with accommodative footwear and orthoses. Historically, treatment had included nonweightbearing immobilization for the acute phase, and surgery had been reserved only for infection, unresolved skin ulceration, or deformity that precluded the use of therapeutic footwear. Current controversies include weightbearing in the acute or reparative phases and early surgical stabilization. Foot-specific patient education and continued periodic monitoring may reduce the morbidity and associated expense of treating the complications of this disorder and may improve the quality of life in this complex patient population.
A Theory of Lodging: Exploring Hotel Guest Behavior
Authors: Roberts Chris , Shea Linda J.
Published: February 2017

When staying as a guest in a hotel, we are well aware of the short-term nature of the planned experience. Our sense of commitment is somewhat different from the choices we made when provisioning our home. It may be that, similar to tourism perspectives, when we leave home we think of ourselves no longer as a resident but rather a traveler. Everything we do is of a temporary nature. This suggests that the individual has a separate set of behaviors that are used when staying in a hotel. Whatever we experienced or did in that visited place is left behind. It is freeing in the sense that it limits our impact, our responsibility, and usually minimizes the consequences of our actions. Does this difference in perspective and behavior present the opportunity to develop a theory of lodging?
The relationship between white matter fiber damage and gray matter perfusion in large-scale functionally defined networks in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ma Ashley Y , Vitorino Rita C , Hojjat Seyed-Parsa , Mulholland Alannah D , Zhang Liying , Lee Liesly , Carroll Timothy J , Cantrell Charles G , Figley Chase R , Aviv Richard I
Published: February 2017

Background:

Recent studies utilizing perfusion as a surrogate of cortical integrity show promise for overall cognition, but the association between white matter (WM) damage and gray matter (GM) integrity in specific functional networks is not previously studied.

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between WM fiber integrity and GM node perfusion within six functional networks of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients.

Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurocognitive testing were performed on 19 healthy controls (HC), 39 RRMS, and 45 SPMS patients. WM damage extent and severity were quantified with T2-hyper/T1-hypointense (T2h/T1h) lesion volume and degree of perfusion reduction in lesional and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), respectively. A two-step linear regression corrected for confounders was employed.

Results:

Cognitive impairment was present in 20/39 (51%) RRMS and 25/45 (53%) SPMS patients. GM node perfusion was associated with WM fiber damage severity (WM hypoperfusion) within each network—including both NAWM ( R2 = 0.67–0.89, p < 0.0001) and T2h ( R2 = 0.39–0.62, p < 0.0001) WM regions—but was not significantly associated ( p > 0.01) with WM fiber damage extent (i.e. T2h/T1h lesion volumes).

Conclusion:

Overall, GM node perfusion was associated with severity rather than extent of WM network damage, supporting a primary etiology of GM hypoperfusion.
Tragedy, genealogy and theories of International Relations
Authors: Wedderburn Alister
Published: February 2017

This article interrogates the role of tragedy within the work of International Relations theorists including Michael Dillon, Mervyn Frost, Richard Ned Lebow and Hans Morgenthau. It argues that a tragic sensibility is a constituent part of much thinking about politics and the international, and asks what the reasons for this preoccupation might be. Noting that a number of diverse theoretical appeals to tragedy in International Relations invoke analytically similar understandings of tragic-political subjectivity, the article problematises these by building on Michel Foucault’s intermittent concern with the genre in his Collège de France lecture series. It proposes that a genealogical consideration of tragedy enables an alertness to its political associations and implications that asks questions of the way in which it is commonly conceived within the discipline. The article concludes by suggesting that International Relations theorists seeking to invoke tragedy must think carefully about the ontological, epistemological, ethical and political claims associated with such a move.