bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Development Pathways: An Exploratory Study on the Urban-Rural Mutual Assistance Model and Low-Carbon Transformation of Henan's Power Supply Industry towards Dual-Carbon Goals
Authors: Xinfa Tang , Guozu Hao , Yonghua Wang , Youwei Wan , Jingjing Wang , Nubea Musa Dirane
Published: November 2024

In the midst of the push for dual-carbon goals, urban centers are faced with the imperative of reducing emissions and conserving energy, while rural regions are harnessing their abundant new energy resources to promote balanced urban-rural development. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation, known for its cleanliness, safety, and emission-free nature, is playing a crucial role in the evolution of Henan Province's power supply industry. This paper delves into the current state of Henan's power supply infrastructure, the trajectory of its low-carbon development, and the policies shaping the PV sector. It also examines the establishment of an urban-rural mutual aid model through the lens of alternative energy technologies. By utilizing a combination of case studies and systematic theoretical research, this paper uncovers the untapped economic potential of new energy sources in rural areas and presents strategies for synergistic development in alignment with dual-carbon goals within the power supply industry. The research underscores the significance of an urban-rural mutual assistance model in achieving carbon neutrality, addressing urban-rural development gaps, fostering shared prosperity, and contributing Chinese insights to global climate governance frameworks.
Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) in Healthcare – A Qualitative Assessment from Nepal and Bangladesh
Authors: Flessa Steffen
Published: November 2024

Background: The sector-wide approach (SWAp) is an instrument of cooperation between external development partners (EDPs) and the Government of a country. Its main purpose is the coordination, alignment and harmonization of activities between EDPs and between EDPs and the respective Government by covering the entire sector with one major program.
Methods: This paper analyzes the development and achievements of the SWAp in healthcare of Bangladesh and Nepal. We scrutinized the respective documents and conducted qualitative interviews with key stakeholders of the country’s sectors. The design of the questionnaires and the analysis of the interviews was built utilizing a framework model reflecting the DAC-criteria of development cooperation and the principles of the declarations of Paris and Accra.
Findings: The SWAps in Nepal and Bangladesh started rather early and cover about 20 years of cooperation. The components and interventions of SWAps were quite relevant for the health of the population, their implementation was effective and efficient. The cohesion between partners strongly improved. However, for both countries, the interview partners do not perceive SWAps as the future of healthcare financing.
Conclusions: SWAps were an appropriate instrument of cooperation between the respective Governments and EDPs for almost two decades. However, as the share of Government budgets in the sector finance has strongly increased and the management capacity of the respective ministries has gone up, there will come a point in time where EDPs can focus more on financing and implementing innovations instead of standard care.
The Incidence and Mortality of Ocular Melanomas
Authors: Ghumman Haider , Baradaran-Rafii Ghazaleh , Weppelmann Thomas Alexander
Published: November 2024

With the increasing incidence of ocular melanomas and gaps in existing literature, we hope to better understand the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of ocular melanoma and its subtypes to inform clinical practice. The SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) program, which focuses on compiling data on a multitude of cancers within the U.S. population, was utilized in data collection in a retrospective database analysis. We used this data to compare trends over a 10-year (2010-2020) period in adults aged 18 and older. A total of 1,944 patients were included in this study. Throughout the years of interest, there was a slightly positive R2 value of 0.17. The overall mean survival months was 54.7 with a standard deviation of 33.1. The ocular melanoma subtype with the lowest mean survival months was lacrimal gland (24.5 months) and the highest was corneal (109.3 months). Building upon conclusions of previous studies, the incidence of ocular melanomas is increasing slightly from 2010-2020 with an R2 value of 0.17. Each ocular melanoma subtype has differing epidemiological characteristics, incidence, and mortality, highlighting the importance of assessing and treating each patient in a personalized manner.
Ellagic Acid (EA): A Green Multi-Target Weapon Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Thus Preventing and Ameliorating Alzheimer Disease (AD) Condition
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Zuccari Guendalina
Published: November 2024

Oxidative stress (OS), triggered by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), is the main responsible for several human diseases. With inflammation, OS is pivotal to the onset and the development of the clinical signs and the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is a multifactorial chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a form of progressive dementia associated with the elderly. While one-target drugs only soften its symp-toms while generating drug resistance, multi-target polyphenols from fruits and vegetables, such as ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithins (UROs), having potent antioxidants and radical scavenging effects capable to counteract OS, could be new green options to treat human degenerative diseases, thus representing hopeful alternatives and/or adjuvants to one-target drugs to ameliorate AD. Unfortunately, in vivo ETs are rather not absorbed, while providing mainly ellagic acid (EA), which due to its trivial water-solubility, first pass effect, metabolism in the in-testine to give UROs, or irreversible binding to cellular DNA and proteins is in turn very low bioavailable, thus failing as therapeutic in vivo. Up-to-day, only UROs have confirmed the bene-ficial effect demonstrated in vitro, by reaching tissues to the extent necessary for having therapeutic outcomes. Unfortunately, upon administration of food rich in ETs or ETs and EA, UROs formation is affected by extreme interindividual variability that renders them unreliable as novel clinically usable drugs. Large attention has been therefore paid specifically to multitarget EA, which is in-cessantly investigated as such or nanotechnologically manipulated to be a potential “lead com-pound” with protective action towards AD. A brief overview of the multi-factorial and mul-ti-target aspects that characterize AD, and polyphenols activity respectively, as well as of the traditional and/or innovative clinical treatments available to treat AD constitutes the opening of this work. Upon focus on the pathophysiology of OS, and on EA chemical features and mechanisms leading to its antioxidant activity, an all-round updated analysis on the current EA-rich foods and EA involvement in the field of AD has been provided. The possible clinical usage of EA to treat AD has been shown reporting results by its applications in vivo and clinical trials. A critical view about the need for a more extensive use of the most rapid diagnostic methods to detect AD from its early symptoms has also been included in this work.
Soil Spraying of Water Extracts as a Plant Biostimulant Enhances Growth and Secondary Metabolites in Different Stages of Vegetable and Rice Crops
Authors: Ei Ei , Park Hyun Hwa , Kuk Yong In
Published: November 2024

Currently, there is a distinct necessity to devise novel, efficient, and environmentally sustainable techniques for enhancing plant growth and safeguarding crops. Plant-derived extracts are novel, natural, and multi-component products that may be utilized for these objectives. According to previous observations, Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum, and Medicago sativa from 17 water extracts were chosen to study how application times through soil sprays affect antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites in vegetable and rice plants at different growth stages. From 1 week after sowing (WAS) to 4 WAS, all applications increased shoot fresh weight by 27-79% in cucumbers, 29-64% in tomatoes, 33-65% in kale, 37-63% in lettuce, and 28-67% in rice. These applications also increased photosynthesis, flavonoids, and antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxide, APOD, and guaiacol peroxidase, GPOD), providing plants with a balanced supply of nutrients essential for growth. These results suggest that using such natural extracts could be an efficient and environmentally sustainable approach to improve crop growth and enhance metabolic synthesis, especially for cucumber, kale, and rice cultivated in greenhouse conditions.
Potential Role of miR-455-3p in Liver Fibrosis Among Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad
Published: November 2024

Liver fibrosis, a progressive condition often linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), lacks specific biomarkers to accurately gauge disease progression and therapeutic response. Emerging research suggests that microRNAs, particularly miR-455-3p, may play a crucial role in modulating fibrosis-related pathways. This narrative review explores the potential of miR-455-3p as a biomarker and therapeutic target in liver fibrosis among MASLD patients. The miR-455-3p’s effects on pathways, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling, both of which are pivotal in hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, the influence of miR-455-3p on hepatic stellate cell activation—a key process in fibrotic progression, should be considered. By challenging current perspectives, this review aims to elucidate the role of miR-455-3p in liver fibrosis, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of liver fibrosis mechanisms and highlighting the potential for innovative MASLD treatment strategies.
Research on Worker Assembly Procedure Inspection Based on Improved YOLO and Hand Trajectory
Authors: Zhou Shaoyi , Wang Xiancheng , Liu Zewen , Jiang Yifan , Huang Lang
Published: November 2024

Visual inspection detects manual assembly actions to improve quality. Existing methods mainly analyze behaviors in single assembly scenarios using action recognition algorithms, but they cannot adapt to dynamic product switching and varying station environments in manual assembly lines. This paper proposes an adaptive assembly inspection method based on hand motion trajectories. By constructing an assembly inspection model based on the "Component-Tool-Product" triplet, the YOLOv9 model is employed to capture the spatiotemporal hand trajectory data stream. The assembly process is divided into a sequence of transitions between different assembly regions based on the hand's trajectory. The system analyzes the real-time hand trajectories using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and dwell time algorithms to obtain real-time assembly flow, allowing for the detection of missed and misassembled components. Additionally, the frame difference method is introduced to extract hand motion features, and an Attention Feature Fusion (AFF) module is used to integrate multi-scale features with motion texture information, enhancing the performance of the object detection model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the false detection rate, with an average detection accuracy of 96% for missed and misassembled behaviors. The improved YOLOv9 model achieves an mAP@0.5 of 93.94%.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Dextran from Maltodextrin via pH Controlled Fermentation by Gluconobacter oxydans
Authors: Baek Seung-Min , Park Bo-Ram , Chewaka Legesse Shiferaw , So Yun-Sang , Jung Ji-Hye , Lee Seul , Park Ji Young
Published: November 2024

Dextran is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) with multifunctional applications in food and pharmaceutical industries, primarily synthesized from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Dextran can be produced from dextrin through Gluconobacter oxydans fermentation, utilizing its dextran dextrinase activity. This study examines how jar fermentor conditions impact the growth and enzyme activity of G. oxydans, with a focus on pH effects on dextran synthesis via bioconversion (without pH control, pH 4.5, and pH 5.0; Jp-UC, Jp-4.5, and Jp-5.0). After 72 hours, cell density (O.D. at 600 nm) was 7.2 for Jp-4.5, 6.5 for Jp-5.0, and 3.7 for Jp-UC. Flow property analysis, indicating EPS production, showed that Jp-4.5 had the highest viscosity (30.99 mPa·s). 1H-NMR analysis confirmed the formation of α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in bioconversion products, with bond ratios ranging from ~1:0.17 to ~1:2.84. The molecular weights distribution varied from 1.3 × 10³ Da to 5.1 × 10⁴ Da depending on pH. The hydrolysis rates to glucose differed with pH, with the slowest rate at pH 4.5 (53.96%). These results suggest that the production of dextran by G. oxydans is significantly influenced by pH conditions. This dextran could function as a slowly digestible carbohydrate, aiding in postprandial glycemic regulation and mitigating chronic metabolic diseases like diabetes.
3D Morphological Characterization of Human Cortical Organoids Using a Customized Image Analysis Workflow
Authors: Handcock Sarah , Richards Kay Lee-Anne , Karle Timothy J , Kairath Pamela , Soch Alita , Chavez Carolina A , Petrou Steven , Maljevic Snezana
Published: November 2024

Assessment of cellular composition and viability of stem cell-derived organoid models is a complex but essential approach to understanding the mechanisms of human development and disease. Aim: Our study was motivated by the need for an image-analysis workflow, including high-content, high-throughput methods, to measure the architectural features of developing organoids. We assessed stem cell-derived cortical organoids at 4 and 6-months post-induction using immunohistochemistry-labelled sections as the analysis testbed. The workflow leveraged fluorescence-imaging tailored to classify cells as viable and dying or non-viable and assign neuronal and astrocytic perinuclear-markers to count cells. Results/Outcomes: Image acquisition was accelerated by capturing the organoid slice in 3D using widefield-fluorescence microscopy. This method used computational clearing to resolve nuclear and perinuclear markers and retain their spatial information within the organoid's heterogeneous structure. The customized workflow analysed over 1.5 million cells using DAPI-stained nuclei, filtering and quantifying viable and non-viable cells and the necrotic-core regions. Temporal analyses of neuronal cell number derived from perinuclear labelling, were consistent with organoid maturation from 4 to 6-months of in vitro differentiation. Overall: We have provided a comprehensive and enhanced image analysis workflow for organoid structural evaluation, and the ability to gather cellular level statistics in control and disease models.
Drug Safety During Breastfeeding: A Comparative Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reports and LactMed®
Authors: Tezel Yalçın Hülya , Yalcin Nadir , Ceulemans Michael , Allegaert Karel
Published: November 2024

Background: While breastfeeding is highly recommended, breastfed infants may be exposed to drugs by milk due to the mother’s medication, with a risk of adverse drug events (ADE) or reactions (ADRs). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is an online pharmacovigilance database, while the Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) includes information on the levels of such substances in breast milk and infant blood, and the possible adverse effects in the nursing infants. Methods: The FAERS database was explored (July 29, 2024) on ADEs related to exposure during lactation, while annual trends, outcomes, and region of reporting were determined. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were categorized based on Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. The top 5 APIs in each first level of ATC system were explored on ADEs reported and compared to LactMed®. Results: 2628 ADEs were obtained from the FAERS database, with increased reporting over time, while most ADEs were from North America (44.9%). Most drugs (50.9%) were nervous system drugs. The most frequent outcome was "other outcomes" (58.2%). 84,7% of the cases were categorized as serious. Related to the same drug, the FAERS database and LactMed® exhibited similarities and differences in adverse events, possibly due to factors such as maternal and neonatal pharmacokinetics (PKs), maternal therapy and infant exposure durations, milk production, and infant’s daily milk volume intake or causality assessment. Conclusions: ADE reporting systems are useful for obtaining information about medication related ADEs during lactation to increase knowledge on medication safety and awareness for possible risks in infants. The FAERS should be perceived a useful tool to detect ADEs, be it without ADR assessment.
Magnetic Isolation of the Linear Trinuclear Anion in [Cu(Him)6] {μ-Cu(Him)4[Cu(EDTA)(Him)]2}·6H2O (1) as the Novel Imidazolium(+) Salt (H2im)2[Cu(Him)4{(µ-EDTA)Cu(Him)}2]·2H2O (2). A Comparative Look to Their Crystal Structures, Thermal, Spectral And Magmetic Properties and DFT Calculations
Authors: Belmont-Sánchez Jeannette Carolina , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Frontera Antonio , Lezama Luis , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Niclos Juan
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the reported crystal structure of compound 1, we aimed to synthesize and determine the structure of compound 2, where two imidazolium (H₂im⁺) ions serve as diamagnetic counter cations. Here, we report the thermal stabilities, FT-IR, visible, and RSE spectra, as well as the magnetic properties of both compounds. In these structures, µ-EDTA acts as a pentadentate chelator for both terminal Cu centers within the centrosymmetric linear trinuclear anion. The Cu(µ-EDTA) chelates bind to the central Cu(Him)₄ unit in subtly different ways: in compound 1, µ-EDTA has a free acetate arm and binds the central Cu(II) center through a syn,anti-carboxylate group. In contrast, in compound 2, the non-chelating acetate arm serves as a monodentate O-donor to the central Cu(II) atom, increasing the Cu(terminal)···Cu(central) distance from 6.08 Å in 1 to 6.80 Å in 2. Additionally, pairs of H₂im⁺ ions in compound 2 display antiparallel π-stacking interactions. We conclude that the H₂im⁺ counterions in compound 2 enable the magnetic isolation of the nearly identical trinuclear anion present in both compounds. DFT calculations further support the role of different interactions in stabilizing each crystal structure. In compound 2, dominant contributions from N–H···O hydrogen bonds and π-stacking interactions are accompanied by other, less conventional interactions, such as multiple C–H···O contacts and an O···CO(π-hole) interaction within the trinuclear anion.
Prospects for Narrow Band Imaging Magnification Endoscopy in Oral Lesions -Recommendations from Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Gastroenterologist
Authors: Chiba Toshimi , Ota Airi , Hirano Taifu , Kawai Tadashi , Ogawa Atsushi , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

Narrow band imaging (NBI) magnification endoscopy for the diagnosis of early-stage oral cavity-related cancer and precancerous lesions can recognize oral lesions as brownish areas, and can observe intraepithelial papillary capillary loops (IPCL) in the mucosa and submucosa to make a qualitative diagnosis of the lesion and highlighting of the mucosal surface microstructure to facilitate appropriate diagnosis and early treatment. IPCL is classified from Type 0 to IV, Type 0 being normal mucosa or no blood vessels are observed e.g. in keratinisation, Type I being mainly normal mucosa, Type II being mainly inflammatory sites or non-neoplastic lesions, Type III being mainly neoplastic lesions, and Type IV being neoplastic lesions. NBI magnification endoscopy is a useful noninvasive method for identifying malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and oral lesions classified as IPCL Type II or higher would be atypical epithelial or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral biopsy is recommended for early and accurate diagnosis, and is an indicator of the appropriate biopsy site in the follow-up of OPMDs. In the future, the accuracy of NBI magnification endoscopy for malignant transformation of OPMDs and OSCC will be further confirmed. It is then expected that NBI magnification endoscopy will be widely used by dentists in hospitals and general dental clinics.
Explosive Strength and Speed as Predictors of Success in Youth Figure Skating Competitions
Authors: Helešic Jiří , Lehnert Michal
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine the extent to which explosive and reactive strength of the lower limbs, as well as acceleration in running and skating speed, predict figure skating competition results in youth skaters. Talented figure skaters aged 8 to 16 years (n=211) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Basic novice; age: 10.38 ± 1.10 yrs., height: 138.89 ± 7.26 cm, weight: 32.75 ± 4.63 kg) and Group 2 (Advanced novice and Junior; age: 13.02 ± 1.06 yrs., height: 152.7 ± 8.18 cm, weight: 42.73 ± 7.62 kg). Fifteen physical fitness variables were measured using tests such as the Repeated Vertical Jump, Standing Long Jump, Triple Jump (right/left leg), 15-m running sprint, and 15-m skating sprint. Competition results were recorded according to the International Skating Union Code of Points. The Principal Component Analysis reduced the 15 variables to four principal components, explaining 84-87% of the variance. Linear regression models showed that these components significantly explained the variability in the competition scores for both groups. For Group 1, R² ranged from 0.298 to 0.425, while for Group 2, it ranged from 0.086 to 0.237. Pearson’s R was higher for mean of season best score than for the National Championship score. The relative importance of these factors varied across age groups. These findings highlight the need for tailored on- and off-ice training focusing on locomotion and acceleration for younger skaters and dynamic jump training for older skaters.
Comprehensive Insights into COPD: From Pathophysiology to Immunology and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Mukherjee Riya , Singh Prashant Anilkumar , Dhiman Ruby , Ghousepeer Gajala Deethamvali , K Himanshu , K Gunjan , K Chanchal , Mukherjee Sitabja , Chang Chung-Ming , Raj V. Samuel , Sharma Pawan , Pandey Ramendra Pati
Published: November 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition with significant social and public health implications due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The World Health Organization recognizes COPD as a major global health challenge. Despite extensive research, the complex pathophysiology of COPD has hindered the development of precise treatments. Recent advancements in understanding the gut-lung axis and immunological mechanisms have opened new avenues for COPD management. This review delves into the pathophysiological aspects of COPD, highlighting the interplay between genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors. It emphasizes the critical role of the gut-lung axis in modulating pulmonary immunity and disease progression, presenting dysbiosis as a key factor exacerbating inflammation and COPD symptoms. Emerging therapeutic approaches, including the modulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary changes, show promise in improving COPD outcomes. Additionally, advancements in immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting specific cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors, offer the potential for reducing inflammation and enhancing lung function. Precision medicine, which customizes treatment based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, represents a significant stride toward more effective COPD management. This review also identifies crucial research gaps, such as the need for a comprehensive understanding of non-smoking-related COPD, reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, and the long-term effects of novel therapies. Future research can pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and improved patient care by addressing these gaps. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of an integrative approach to COPD, combining pathophysiological insights, immunological perspectives, and cutting-edge therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by this chronic disease.
Catalytic Oxidation of Acetone over MnOx-SiO2 Catalysts: An Effective Approach to Valorize Rice Husk Waste
Authors: Cardoso Mauricio , Portugau Patrice , De los Santos Carolina , Faccio Ricardo , Vidal Hilario , Gatica José Manuel , Pilar Yeste María , Castiglioni Jorge , Torres Brunengo Martín
Published: November 2024

Rice husk, a byproduct of rice production, presents significant environmental challenges due to its disposal, while the emission of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere poses additional concerns. This study addresses these issues by exploring the potential of texturally modified SiO₂ derived from Uruguayan rice husk as a catalytic support for manganese oxides in volatile organic compounds combustion. SiO₂ was synthesised from rice husk ash using a sustainable, acid-free pretreatment method, yielding a notably high silica purity of 96.5%—a level comparable to or exceeding those reported in previous studies, and underscoring the high silica quality inherent in Uruguayan rice husk. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was evaluated using acetone as a model of volatile organic compound, achieving up to 90% conversion with 30 wt.% manganese oxide at 300 °C, primarily yielding CO₂. Furthermore, a 24-hour stability test indicated consistent conversion, maintaining around 95.6 ± 2.5%. These findings suggest that Uruguayan rice husk-derived SiO₂, with its high purity and sustainability benefits, offers an effective solution for acetone removal when supporting an active phase such as manganese oxides, addressing both rice husk disposal and volatile organic compounds emissions.
Cycles, Trends, Disruptions: The Real Estate Centrality on the Global Financial Crisis, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the New Techno-Economic Paradigm
Authors: Almeida Renan P.
Published: November 2024

Real estate plays a pivotal role in the contemporary world, accounting for over half of global wealth and significant employment and GDP shares. This essay examines three key events of our times - the 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent technological revolutions - to place real estate's centrality. Analyzing housing price indexes in major economies, the paper identifies global trends and regional nuances, and it highlights real estate's dual role as both a reflection and driver of economic cycles. Then I explore in detail the GFC, the urban roots of COVID-19 and its effects on real estate markets, and the relationship between new techno-economic paradigms and cities and real estate. Future research directions on real estate are pointed out.
Managerial Ability and Audit Pricing: New Evidence Using Regression Splines
Authors: Ayoola Tajudeen John , Inneh Eghosa Godwin , Obokoh Lawrence Ogechukwu
Published: November 2024

This study examines the association between managerial ability and audit pricing in the Nigerian banking sector between 2011 and 2022. Using a multi-theoretical framework, audit pricing is regressed on managerial ability using shape-restricted regression splines comprising restricted cubic splines, monotone spline, integrated spline, integrated basis spline, basis spline, natural cubic spline, and integrated natural cubic spline. Managerial ability is proxied using bias-corrected two-stage bootstrapped truncated regression. Consequently, managerial ability is classified into low, intermediate, and high-ability regions. Audit pricing is proxied by audit fees. The results show three knots demarcating the boundaries of four segments, indicating non-linearity. Furthermore, the results reveal that the effect of managerial ability on audit pricing is insignificantly negative in the low-ability region, statistically positive in the intermediate-ability region, and statistically negative in the high-ability region. The study recommends continuous learning and training programmes aimed at improving managers’ abilities.
Predicting Hematological Parameters from Dried Blood Spot Size: A Focus on Hemoglobin in Cholistani Cattle
Authors: Idris Musadiq , Farooq Umer , Hussain Lashari Mushtaq , Afzal Muhammad Abrar , Tariq Junaid , Nazir Ayesha , Akbar Seher , Abdullah Anna , Chaudhary Maryam
Published: November 2024

The present study was designed with the objective of assessing the potential of size of dried blood spot (DBS) on a filter paper in predicting hematological attributes viz. RBC count, Hb, PCV and total protein (TP) in Cholistani cattle blood (n=71). A measured drop of blood was placed carefully on Whatman 42 filter paper and size was measured using ImageJ software. Results revealed that Hb had significant (P≤0.05) relation with size of the DBS. The regression equation between Hb and size of DBS was used to deduce corrected Hb (CHb). The determined Hb and CHb were non-significantly (P≥0.05) different and had a strong agreement. It is concluded that the size of DBS is a substantially reliable predictor of Hb in cattle blood.
Distinguishing Reality from AI: Approaches for Detecting Synthetic Content
Authors: Ghiurău David , Popescu Daniela Elena
Published: November 2024

The advent of sophisticated artificial intelligence technologies, including Generative Pre-trained Transformers for text and advanced generative models for image, audio, and video creation, have revolutionized content generation, presenting both innovative opportunities and significant challenges for information security. This paper introduces the characteristics, techniques, and challenges for detecting AI-generated content across text, image, audio, and video modalities, aiming to safeguard the integrity and authenticity of digital information.
Enhancing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Management: A Collaborative Care Model Incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Fareeq Saber Abdulmalik , Hussein Safin
Published: November 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains largely underdiagnosed although highly prevalent, partly attributable to fragmented care delivery across disconnected primary, pulmonary, dental, and psychological providers. Recognizing the need for more integrated approaches, this paper reviews existing literature and proposes a Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) as an innovative solution to promote coordinated OSA screening, definitive diagnosis, therapy initiation, motivational support, and longitudinal engagement. The model integrates a diverse group of professionals from various fields. Primary clinicians are responsible for evaluating the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and making referrals for sleep testing. Sleep specialists validate diagnoses and devise individualized treatment strategies that may include positive airway pressure devices, oral appliances, or surgery. Respiratory therapists assist with mask fittings and titration support. Durable medical equipment vendors provide the necessary devices. Mental health professionals offer targeted cognitive rehabilitation. This comprehensive approach necessitates a robust system of care coordination to effectively integrate these diverse professional roles, as care coordination binds the team; however, realizing enhanced access, patient-centered education, combination therapy, and proactive self-management support requires resolving some obstacles. These systemic obstacles relate to financial disincentives, infrastructural deficits, and basic adult OSA knowledge gaps. This knowledge gap exists among frontline clinicians who are expected to coordinate screening and integrated care planning. Strategic efforts should fill in the gaps. Some methods to achieve this are as follows. Implementing interprofessional OSA education is one approach. Another is investing in care management resources by placing support staff into primary care teams. Enabling data sharing across specialists through health technologies is also important. Finally, consistent use of evidence-based protocols for OSA screening, diagnosis, treatment selection and patient follow up must occur.
Tracing the Natural History of Cervical Cancer Progression: Lymph Node Metastasis and Opportunities for Prevention
Authors: Śniadecki Marcin , Danielkiewicz Martyna , Piątek-Dalewska Olga , Jaworek Paulina , BALAYA Vincent , Kilińska Zuzanna , Sijka Zuzanna , Wściślak Anna , Gołąbiewska Anna , Liro Marcin , Wojtylak Szymon , Gaillard Thomas , Wydra Dariusz
Published: November 2024

Background:
Cervical cancer lymph node metastasis involves lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), isolated tumor cells (ITC), and micro- and macro-metastases (MIC and MAC), all potential targets for prevention and treatment.

Purpose:
This study aimed to track cancer spread, identify risk factors for lymph node metastasis, and explore avenues for prevention.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis on 27 early cervical cancer patients (tumor size ≤ 4 cm) who underwent sentinel (SLN) and non-sentinel (nSLN) lymph node dissection and histopathological ultrastaging. Patient and tumor characteristics associated with lymph node events (LNE) and prevention efforts were analyzed, following STROBE guidelines.

Results:
Primary prevention steps were absent, secondary prevention was limited to opportunistic measures, and follow-up served as tertiary prevention. LNE occurred in 11 of 27 cases: 4 with ITC alone, 1 with MIC alone, 1 with both ITC and MIC, 1 with MAC alone, and 4 with both MIC and MAC. Obturator and external iliac lymph nodes were most commonly affected, and only LVSI was a significant predictor of LNE (p < 0.05). Among LNE cases, 9 patients were at FIGO stage 1b1 and 2 at stage 1b2. The smallest tumor with lymph node burden (ITC in both SLN and nSLN) was 2.0 cm, while MAC alone occurred in a single nSLN case.

Conclusions:
Limited prevention at all levels contributes to lymph node metastasis in about half of early-stage cervical cancer cases. FIGO stages do not adequately predict the extent, type, or distribution of lymph node invasion.
Use of Live Biopreservatives and Bacteriophages to Enhance the Safety of Meat Products
Authors: Rodríguez Marca Cristina , Domenech-Coca Cristina , Nakamura Miho , Ortega-Olivé Nàdia , Puigbò Pere
Published: November 2024

Critical factors in marketing both raw and processed meats include addressing bacterial spoilage and ensuring safety. Nitrites and nitrates are widely used in the meat industry to enhance color and flavor and extend shelf life. However, health concerns linked to their use make reducing nitrites and nitrates in meat production a significant challenge with potential benefits for both the food industry and consumer health. This challenge has been addressed with the use of biopreservatives, i.e., substances extracted from natural sources or produced by fermentation, which can enhance food quality and safety. In this article, we assess the use of live biopreservatives (LBs), defined here as microorganisms that produce antimicrobial substances, to preserve and extend the shelf life of food. Moreover, the potential synergistic effects of LBs with bacteriophages and biodegradable food packaging for meat is also explored. Overall, the inclusion of LBs extends the shelf life of meat products through bacteriostatic mechanisms, whereas bacteriophages offer direct (lytic) action against pathogens. Enhancing meat preservation and safety with mixed microbe-mediated strategies requires deeper empirical and theoretical insights and further revision of laws and ethical considerations.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels After COVID-19: a longitudinal study in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yegizbayeva Aiganym , Sadykova Kamilya , Kartayeva Tokzhan , Nurgaliyeva Kadisha , Zhumambayeva Saule , Gusmanov Arnur , Azizan Azliyati , Tanko Matthew , Sarria-Santamera Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) reached over 1.5 million cases in Kazakhstan. Antibody titers of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), and Immunoglobulin M (IgG) are the two classes of antibodies that provide information about the immune response against SARS-COV-2. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity and identify factors affecting the changes in IgG antibody levels over time. Materials and Methods. The prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2022 and September 2023. Healthcare workers from the University Medical Center (UMC) who have had COVID-19 infection were recruited. IgG antibodies were measured in 2 moments of time. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effect of independent variable between baseline and follow up measurements and time with their interaction effect on changes in IgG levels. Results. Data was available from 81 participants. All participants were seropositive for IgG both at baseline and follow up. 4% of cases were positive for IgM, without showing symptoms of disease. There was a significant decrease in IgG between baseline and follow up (12.95±3.304; 10.49±3.044; p < 0.0001). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant interaction between allergy with time and COVID-19 hospitalization (in the multi-variable model) on the changes in IgG levels between baseline and follow up measurements. Conclusions. Although antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a noteworthy decline in IgG they retain noticeable positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S) antibodies, reflecting a sustained anti-body-mediated humoral immune response for more than 12 months, and that these antibodies could potentially contribute to milder reinfections.
The Complexities of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Insights into Ehrlichia canis and Its Vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Ferrolho Joana , Antunes Sandra , Vilhena Hugo , Anastácio Sofia , de Sousa Sérgio Ramalho , Frouco Gonçalo , Ferreira Bárbara , Domingos Ana
Published: November 2024

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a highly infectious disease with zoonotic potential. Ehr-lichia canis, the causative agent, is primarily transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Tick infesta-tion and tick-borne diseases (TBD) are serious human and veterinary health problems due to lack of efficient control measures. This review aims to provide information about CME, detailing ep-idemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and current strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The review delves into biology of R. sanguineus, exploring lifecycle, habitat and mechanisms of E. canis transmission. Ehrlichia canis infection follows a three-phase transition: acute, subclinical and chronic, with distinct clinical signs, from mild to severe and even life threatening in some cases, with potential for asymptomatic long-term carriers acting as reservoirs. Pathogenesis involves complex interactions between the pathogen and host immune responses, influencing disease severity and progression. Additionally, the review highlights challenges in controlling CME due to the widespread distribution of R. sanguineus. Genetic diversity within R. sanguineus populations and their varying vector competence further complicate control efforts. Role of environmental changes in ticks’ distribution align control of CME within the OneHealth concept, integrating approaches to improve outcomes for humans, animals and environment. Preventive measures on tick control and potential vaccine development are also reviewed.
How Dietary Habits and Nutritional Deficiencies Relate to Hyponatremia in Older Adults
Authors: Ayub Maaha , Angez Meher , Musavi Nabiha B , Rehman Syed Tabish , Kataria Deepak , Farhan Rabeea , Jamshed Namirah
Published: November 2024

Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte imbalance in older adults, results from physiological aging, medication use, and comorbidities, with significant implications for morbidity and quality of life. This narrative review aims to explore the impact of dietary habits and nutritional deficiencies on the development and management of hyponatremia in this population. A literature search identified relevant studies addressing sodium balance, dietary intake, and nutrition related risk factors. Key findings reveal that low sodium and age-related changes, increase vulneratbility to hyponatremia and its associated risks, including cognitive decline and falls. Nutritional strategies, such as opti-mizing sodium and protein intake and reducing processed food consumption, may offer preven-tative benefits. Future research should focus on tailored dietary interventions and establishing so-dium intake guidelines specific to older adults. Implementing such strategies could improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs associated with hyponatremia in older populations.
The Gut-Kidney Axis in Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Tsuji Kenji , Uchida Naruhiko , Nakanoh Hiroyuki , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Haraguchi Soichiro , Kitamura Shinji , Wada Jun
Published: November 2024

The gut-kidney axis represents the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and renal function, which significantly impact the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and overall patient health. On CKD patients, imbalances in the gut microbiota promote the production of uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which impair renal function and contribute to systemic inflammation. Mechanisms like endotoxemia, immune activation and oxidative stress worsen renal damage by activating pro-inflammatory and oxidative pathways. Insights into these mechanisms reveal the impact of gut-derived metabolites, bacterial translocation, and immune response changes on kidney health, suggesting new approaches for CKD treatment. Clinical applications like dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation show promise in adjusting the gut microbiota to alleviate CKD symptoms and slow disease progression. Current research highlights the clinical relevance of the gut-kidney axis, but further study is essential to clarify these mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and optimize therapeutic interventions. This review emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to CKD management, focusing on the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target to limit kidney injury.
Discrete dynamical systems with random delays
Authors: Zenyuk Dmitry Alexeevich
Published: November 2024

The paper contains a detailed survey of the results on difference equations with random delays. Processes defined by them are history-dependent and can be treated as an effective modeling tool in studies of systems with strong memory, e. g. in epidemiology or population dynamics. All discussed models have simple linear form, yet many of their characteristics remain unknown. Random walks with similar history-dependent increment probabilities, of which a much more detailed description is readily available, are also briefly reviewed.
Widened attention-enhanced atrous convolutional network for efficient embedded vision applications under resource constraints
Authors: Ferdaus Md Meftahul , Abdelguerfi Mahdi , Niles Kendall , Pathak Ken , Tom Joe
Published: November 2024

Onboard image analysis enables real-time autonomous capabilities for unmanned platforms including aerial, ground, and aquatic drones. Performing classification on embedded systems, rather than transmitting data, allows rapid perception and decision-making critical for time-sensitive applications such as search and rescue, hazardous environment exploration, and military operations. To fully capitalize on these systems’ potential, specialized deep learning solutions are needed that balance accuracy and computational efficiency for time-sensitive inference. This article introduces the widened attention-enhanced atrous convolution-based efficient network (WACEfNet), a new convolutional neural network designed specifically for real-time visual classification challenges using resource-constrained embedded devices. WACEfNet builds on EfficientNet and integrates innovative width-wise feature processing, atrous convolutions, and attention modules to improve representational power without excessive over-head. Extensive benchmarking confirms state-of-the-art performance from WACEfNet for aerial imaging applications while remaining suitable for embedded deployment. The improvements in accuracy and speed demonstrate the potential of customized deep learning advancements to unlock new capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles and related embedded systems with tight size, weight, and power constraints. This research offers an optimized framework, combining widened residual learning and attention mechanisms, to meet the unique demands of high-fidelity real-time analytics across a variety of embedded perception paradigms.
Amplification of D18S51, D8S1179, and FES loci of DNA Samples Isolated from Guitar String Stored at Room Temperature
Authors: Furqoni Abdul Hadi , Arimurti Anindita Riesti Retno , Meri Meri , Megasari Ni Luh Ayu , Masjkur Indah Nuraini , Huda Qurrota A’yunil , Nuraini Intan Sari , Hermawati Luluk
Published: November 2024

الفعل الاجرامي هو سلوك غير قانوني وقد يكون جريمة جنائية ، ويستخدم المجرمون طرقا مختلفة لاخفاء الادلة في مسرح الجريمة لكن غالبا ما يجد خبراء الطب الشرعي اثار الحمض النووي على العناصر الموجودة في مسرح الجريمة, ومن هذه الادلة هو  الجيتار. والجيتار من الالات الموسيقية التي يعزف عليها البشروالتي يمكن استخدامها للمقارنة . استخدمت الطرق في هذه الدراسة 18 عينة من أوتار الجيتار التي تم استخدامها لمدة خمس دقائق وحضنت في درجة حرارة الغرفة. تم بعد ذلك تقسيم العينات الـ 18 إلى ثلاث مجموعات، حيث تتكون كل مجموعة من ست عينات وتم تحضينها لمدة يوم وخمسة و10 أيام. تم بعد ذلك قياس الحمض النووي باستخدام مطياف الاشعة  فوق البنفسجية للحمض النووي المستخلص بطريقة DNAzol . و كان معدل تقدير الحمض النووي في بعد الحضن لليوم الاول ( 152.57 ± 48.02 نانوغرام/ميكروليتر) واليوم 5 كانت ( 138.66 ± 47.66 نانوغرام/ميكروليتر)، واليوم 10 كانت ( كانت 87.09 ± 9.07 نانوغرام/ميكروليتر)  . وتم الكشف عن كفاءة الحمض النووي المستخلص للمقارنة بتضخيم   3 مواقع هي  D18S51 و FES و D8S1179  بتنقية  تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل، حيث ظهرت الحزم ذوات الاحجام ( 290-366)  و((222 – 250  و( 203 – 224)  زوج قاعدي, على التوالي. ونستنتج امكانية استخدام  اوتار الجيتار كمصدر لعزل الحمض النووي بعد وقوع الجريمة  بعدة ايام وبدرجة حرارة الغرفة.
Assessing the Efficacy of Soil Amendments on Water Use Efficiency and Wheat Productivity for Different Soil Textures
Authors: Shahadha Saadi Sattar , Al-Zubade Ammar , Sh. Mahmood Raam , Youssef Mohamed Ahmed
Published: November 2024

تستهلك ممارسات الري في الحقول الزراعية كميات من المياه تفوق أي نشاط بشري آخر. ونتيجة لذلك، ترتبط استدامة استخدام المياه وإنتاج الغذاء ارتباطاً وثيقاً بكيفية إدارة الحقول. أُجري هذا البحث لتعزيز الاستدامة طويلة الأمد لاستخدام المياه والإنتاج الزراعي. تم تطبيق محسنات التربة المتمثلة في السماد العضوي والبيرلايت في تجربة لدراسة إمكانية تحسين قوام التربة (الطينية الرملية والطينية الغرينية)، وبالتالي تحسين إنتاج المحاصيل واستدامة المياه. تم استخدام نموذج جودة المياه في منطقة الجذور (RZWQM2) لمحاكاة ديناميكيات المياه والاحتياجات المائية لإنتاج الحنطة تحت تأثير مزيج من محسنات التربة وأنواع قوامها. أنتج السماد العضوي المُطبق أعلى إنتاجية للمحاصيل، مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة، بزيادة تراوحت بين 6-21% و2-9% في التربة الطينية الرملية والطينية الغرينية على التوالي. وقد نتج عن التفاعل بين التربة الطينية الرملية ومعاملة السماد العضوي أعلى معدل للتبخر-نتح المحصولي بلغ 508 و375 ملم لكل موسم للموسمين الزراعيين الأول والثاني على التوالي. أدى تطبيق السماد العضوي إلى زيادة كمية المياه الحنطة المنتجة وتقليل كمية المياه المتسربة خارج منطقة الجذور. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تقليل تسرب نترات التربة بعيداً عن منطقة الجذور من خلال تطبيق محسنات التربة. وفقاً للنتائج، نجحت محسنات التربة في تحسين إنتاجية كلا نوعي قوام التربة. علاوة على ذلك، حققت معاملة السماد العضوي نتائج متفوقة، خاصة عند تطبيقها على التربة الطينية الرملية. وبالتالي، فإن تطبيق محسنات التربة مع مراعاة أنواع قوامها يمكن أن يحسن الإنتاجية المستدامة للحقول الزراعية.